bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid recovery of the beetle richness‐elevation relationship and its environmental correlates after a major volcanic event in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Baudino Florencia , Werenkraut Victoria , Ruggiero Adriana 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Volcanic eruptions often modify the structure and function of ecosystems at large geographical scales. However, the extent to which species diversity patterns respond to these major natural disturbances is still poorly known. We tested the shape of the species richness – elevation relationship (SRER) and its environmental correlates (thermal environment at ground level, vegetation structure and soil attributes) before and 6 months after (in the first summer) the most recent eruption of the Puyehue Cordon Caulle volcanic complex (PCCVC), which caused an extensive ash accumulation in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina.
We re‐established 32, 100‐m2 sampling plots of nine pitfall traps, placed every 100 m of altitude from the base to the summit of three mountains differentially affected by ash deposition, and from which we had pre‐eruption data on richness and environmental variables.
Coverage‐based rarefaction/extrapolation curves showed a local post‐eruptive decrease in richness on only one mountain. Generalised additive models (GAMs) showed no significant differences between pre‐ and post‐eruptive SRER shapes. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM) showed that woody vegetation and the thermal environment accounted for most of the variation in richness before and after the eruption. Soil attributes were only indirectly associated with beetle richness and the association was mediated by woody vegetation. Ash accumulation ameliorated the thermal environment, promoting a local increase in beetle richness.
The rapid recovery of the SRER shape and its environmental correlates suggest that the structuring of local diversity patterns at temperate latitudes of the southern hemisphere is resilient to major volcanic eruptions.
Structure and electrical properties of Zn‐doped BiFeO3 films
Authors: Shen Peng , Zhang Fengqing , Wang Lingxu , Guo Xiaodong , Zhao Xuefeng , Liu Huiying , Tian Qingbo , Fan Suhua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBiFe1−xZnxO3 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mol%) (BFZO) films were prepared on ITO/glass substrates by a sol‐gel method. The effects of different Zn contents on the structures and electrical properties of the BFZO films were investigated. From X‐ray diffraction (XRD), microstructure and X‐ray spectroscopy (XPS) results, the BFZO films with a Zn content of 1 mol% showed a better crystal structure and grain development, and the Fe2+ and oxygen vacancy concentrations in this sample were the lowest among all the evaluated BFZO films. The P‐E hysteresis loop indicated that the BFZO films with 1 mol% Zn had the highest remanent polarization (2Pr), which was 82.4 μC/cm2, along with a coercive field (2Ec) of 887 kV/cm at the tested electric field of 857 kV/cm. The BFZO film with 1 mol% Zn had the lowest leakage current density, which was 3.54 × 10−7 A/cm2 at the tested electric field of 200 kV/cm. Both at high and low electric fields, the space charge‐limited current (SCLC) conduction mechanism was the main leakage mechanism. When the test frequency was 105 Hz, the dielectric constant was 133, and the dissipation factor was 0.015.
Pain reduction of topical sevoflurane vs intravenous opioids in pressure ulcers
Authors: Fernández‐Ginés F. Dámaso , Cortiñas‐Sáenz Manuel , Agudo‐Ponce Desirée , Navajas‐Gómez de Aranda Ana , Morales‐Molina José A. , Fernández‐Sánchez Carmen , Sierra‐García Francisco , Mateo‐Carrasco Héctor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecently, it has been reported that topical irrigations of liquid sevoflurane on the bed of painful wounds produce a rapid, intense, and lasting analgesic effect. In this paper, A cohort of 112 patients with painful pressure ulcers who were refractory to opioids (or who exhibited undesirable adverse events to them) was treated with topical sevoflurane as per local institutional policy. These patients were recruited from an intensive care unit for a period of 3 years. The main aim was to determine the effectiveness of topical sevoflurane in reducing the pain of PUs and reducing the ulcer area. Study findings are reported and discussed herein and suggest that sevoflurane is a viable and promising treatment option for PUs.
The thermo‐mechanical properties and ferroelastic phase transition of RENbO4(RE = Y, La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Yb) ceramics
Authors: Wu Fushuo , Wu Peng , Zhou Yunxuan , Chong Xiaoyu , Feng Jing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work, RENbO4(RE = Y, La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Yb) ceramics with low density, low Young's modulus, low thermal conductivity, and high thermal expansion have been systematically investigated, the excellent thermo‐mechanical properties indicate that RENbO4ceramics possess the potential as the new generation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) materials. X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy phase structure identification reveal that all dense bulk specimens obtained by high‐temperature solid‐state reaction belonged to the monoclinic (m) phase with C12/c1 space group. The ferroelastic domains are detected in the specimens, revealing the ferroelastic transformation between tetragonal (t) and monoclinic (m) phases of RENbO4ceramics. The Young's modulus and hardness of the RENbO4ceramics measured by the NanoBlitz 3D nanoindentation method are discussed in details, and the lower Young's modulus (60‐170 GPa) and higher hardness (the maximum value reaches 11.48 GPa) indicating that higher resistance of RENbO4ceramics to failure and damage. Lower thermal conductivity (1.42‐2.21 W [m k]−1at 500°C‐900°C) and lower density (5.330‐7.400 g/cm3) than other typical TBCs materials give RENbO4ceramics the unique advantage of being new TBCs materials. Meanwhile, the thermal expansion coefficients of RENbO4ceramics reach 9.8‐11.6 × 10−6 k−1and are comparable or higher than other typical TBCs materials. According to the first‐order derivative of the thermal expansion rate, the temperature of the ferroelastic transformation of RENbO4ceramics can be observed.
Investigating the relationship between vaginal microbiota and host genetics and their impact on immune response and farrowing traits in commercial gilts
Authors: Sanglard Leticia P. , Schmitz‐Esser Stephan , Gray Kent A. , Linhares Daniel C. L. , Yeoman Carl J. , Dekkers Jack C. M. , Niederwerder Megan C. , Serão Nick V. L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOur objectives were to evaluate the interaction between host genetics and vaginal microbiota and their relationships with antibody (Ab) response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccination and farrowing performance in commercial gilts. The farrowing performance traits were number born alive, number weaning (NW), total number born, number born dead, stillborn, mummies and preweaning mortality (PWM). The vaginal microbiota was collected on days 4 (D4) and 52 (D52) after vaccination for PRRSV. Blood samples were collected on D52 for Ab measurement. Actinobacteria, Bacterioidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Tenericutes were the most abundant Phyla identified in the vaginal microbiota. Heritability ranged from ~0 to 0.60 (Fusobacterium) on D4 and from ~0 to 0.63 (Terrisporobacter) on D52, with 43 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) presenting moderate to high heritability. One major QTL on chromosome 12 was identified for 5 OTUs (Clostridiales, Acinetobacter, Ruminococcaceae, Campylobacter and Anaerococcus), among other 19 QTL. The microbiability for Ab response to PRRSV vaccination was low for both days (<0.07). For farrowing performance, microbiability varied from <0.001 to 0.15 (NW on D4). For NW and PWM, the microbiability was greater than the heritability estimates. Actinobacillus, Streptococcus, Campylobacter, Anaerococcus, Mollicutes, Peptostreptococcus, Treponema and Fusobacterium showed different abundance between low and high Ab responders. Finally, canonical discriminant analyses revealed that vaginal microbiota was able to classify gilts in high and low Ab responders to PRRSV vaccination with a misclassification rate of <0.02. Although the microbiota explained limited variation in Ab response and farrowing performance traits, there is still potential to explore the use of vaginal microbiota to explain variation in traits such as NW and PWM. In addition, these results revealed that there is a partial control of host genetic over vaginal microbiota, suggesting a possibility for genetic selection on the vaginal microbiota.
Role of melatonin as an SIRT1 enhancer in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease induced by cigarette smoke
Authors: Shin Na‐Rae , Ko Je‐Won , Kim Jong‐Choon , Park Gunhyuk , Kim Sung‐Hwan , Kim Min‐Seok , Kim Joong‐Sun , Shin In‐Sik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundMelatonin has various biological activities that improve the health of an individual. We evaluated the effects of melatonin on inflammatory response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), focusing on the regulation of SIRT1 expression.MethodsTo investigate the effect of melatonin, we used cigarette smoke (CS)‐induced COPD mouse model and CS condensate (CSC)‐stimulated J774 macrophage cells.ResultsCSC‐stimulated J774 macrophages exhibited increased p65 acetylation with a reduction in SIRT1 expression. However, melatonin induced the enhancement of SIRT1 expression, which eventually decreased p65 acetylation in CSC‐stimulated J774 cells. Melatonin‐treated mice exhibited an enhancement in SIRT1 expression with the reduction in p65 acetylation, which decreased the level of inflammatory mediators induced by CS. Additionally, SIRT1 inhibitor treatment increased the level of inflammatory mediators, which was accompanied by an increase in p65 acetylation. However, cotreatment with melatonin and an SIRT1 inhibitor reduced the level of inflammatory mediators compared with that by treatment with the SIRT1 inhibitor alone, which was accompanied by elevation in SIRT1 expression and reduction in p65 acetylation.ConclusionsOverall, the results indicated that melatonin has therapeutic effects against COPD, owing to its property to enhance SIRT1 expression.
Longitudinal Investigation of Older Adults' Ability to Self‐Manage Complex Drug Regimens
Authors: Bailey Stacy Cooper , Opsasnick Lauren A. , Curtis Laura M. , Federman Alex D. , Benavente Julia Y. , O'Conor Rachel , Wolf Michael S. 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVESWe sought to investigate older patients' ability to correctly and efficiently dose multidrug regimens over nearly a decade and to explore factors predicting declines in medication self‐management.DESIGNLongitudinal cohort study funded by the National Institute on Aging.SETTINGOne academic internal medicine clinic and six community health centers.PARTICIPANTSBeginning in 2008, 900 English‐speaking adults, aged 55 to 74 years, were enrolled in the study, completing a baseline (T1) assessment. To date, 303 participants have completed the same assessment 9 years postbaseline (T4).MEASUREMENTSAt T1, subjects were given a standardized, seven‐drug regimen and asked to demonstrate how they would take medicine over 24 hours. The number of dosing errors made and times per day that a participant would take medicine were recorded. Health literacy was measured via the Newest Vital Sign, and cognitive decline was measured by the Mini‐Mental State Examination.RESULTSParticipants on average made 2.9 dosing errors (SD = 2.5 dosing errors; range = 0‐21 dosing errors) of 21 potential errors at T1 and 5.0 errors (SD = 2.1 errors; range = 1‐18 errors; P < .001) at T4. In a multivariate model, limited literacy (β = .69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .18‐1.20; P = .01), meaningful cognitive decline (β = 1.72; 95% CI = .70‐2.74; P = .01), number of chronic conditions (β = .21; 95% CI = .07‐.34; P = .01), and number of baseline dosing errors (β = −.76; 95% CI = −.85 to −.67; P < .001) were significant, independent predictors of changes in dosing errors. Most patients overcomplicated their daily medication schedule; no sociodemographic characteristics were predictive of poor regimen organization in multivariate models. In a multivariate model, there were no significant predictors of changes in regimen consolidation over time, except regimen consolidation at T1.CONCLUSIONSOlder patients frequently overcomplicated drug regimens and increasingly made more dosing errors over 9 years of follow‐up. Patients with limited literacy, cognitive decline, and multimorbidity were at greatest risk for errors. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:569–575, 2020
New method for determining fibrinogen and FDP threshold criteria by artificial intelligence in cases of massive hemorrhage during delivery
Authors: Miyagi Yasunari , Tada Katsuhiko , Yasuhi Ichiro , Maekawa Yuka , Okura Naofumi , Kawakami Kosuke , Yamaguchi Ken , Ogawa Masanobu , Kodama Takashi , Nomiyama Makoto , Mizunoe Tomoya , Miyake Takahito 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the feasibility of a novel method using artificial intelligence (AI), in which the fibrinogen criterion was determined by the quantitative relation between the distributions of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) and fibrinogen.MethodsA dataset of 154 deliveries comprising more than 2000 g of blood lost due to hemorrhage, excluding disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), among patients from eight national perinatal centers in Japan from 2011 to 2015 were obtained. The fibrinogen threshold criterion was identified by using the function that best fit the distributions of FDP as determined by AI. FDP production was described by differential equations using a dataset containing fibrinogen levels less than the fibrinogen criterion and solved numerically.ResultsA fibrinogen level of 237 mg/dL as the threshold criterion was obtained. The FDP threshold criteria were 2.0 and 8.5 mg/dL for no coagulopathy and a failed coagulation system, respectively.ConclusionThe fibrinogen threshold criterion for patients with massive hemorrhage excluding DIC at delivery were obtained by selecting the functions that best fit the distributions of FDP data by using AI.
Myelin Damage in Normal Appearing White Matter Contributes to Impaired Cognitive Processing Speed in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Abel Shawna , Vavasour Irene , Lee Lisa Eunyoung , Johnson Poljanka , Ackermans Nathalie , Chan Jillian , Dvorak Adam , Schabas Alice , Wiggermann Vanessa , Tam Roger , Kuan Annie J. , Morrow Sarah A. , Wilken Jeffrey , Laule Cornelia , Rauscher Alexander , Bhan Virender , Sayao Ana‐Luiza , Devonshire Virginia , Li David KB , Carruthers Robert , Traboulsee Anthony , Kolind Shannon H. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSECognitive impairment is a core symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS). Damage to normal appearing white matter (NAWM) is likely involved. We sought to determine if greater myelin heterogeneity in NAWM is associated with decreased cognitive performance in MS.METHODSA total of 27 participants with MS and 13 controls matched for age, sex, and education underwent myelin water imaging (MWI) from which the myelin water fraction (MWF) was calculated. Corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and cingulum were chosen as regions of interest (ROIs) a priori based on their involvement in MS‐related cognitive impairment. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Pearson ́s product moment correlations were performed to assess relationships between cognitive performance and myelin heterogeneity (variance of MWF within an ROI).RESULTSIn MS, myelin heterogeneity in all three ROIs was significantly associated with performance on the SDMT. These correlations ranged from moderate (r = −.561) to moderately strong (r = −.654) and were highly significant (P values ranged from .001 to .0002). Conversely, myelin heterogeneity was not associated with SDMT performance in controls in any ROI (P > .108).CONCLUSIONIncreased myelin heterogeneity in NAWM is associated with decreased cognitive processing speed performance in MS.
Titanium particles and ions favor dysbiosis in oral biofilms
Authors: Souza João G. S. , Costa Oliveira Bárbara E. , Bertolini Martinna , Lima Carolina Veloso , Retamal‐Valdes Belén , de Faveri Marcelo , Feres Magda , Barão Valentim A. R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of titanium (Ti) particles and ions on oral biofilm growth and composition.BackgroundParticles and ions of Ti released from dental implants can trigger unfavorable biological responses in human cells. However, their effect on oral biofilms composition has not been tested.MethodsIn this blind in situ study, volunteers wore a palatal appliance containing Ti disks for 7 days to allow biofilm formation. Disks were then collected and biofilms were treated, in vitro, with Ti particles (0.75% and 1%), ions (10 and 20 ppm), or a combination of both (1% particles + 20 ppm ions). Biofilms exposed only to medium was used as control group. After 24 hours, biofilms were collected and analyzed by checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. Direct effects of Ti particles and ions on biofilm/cellular morphology were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).ResultsTi particles affected biofilm composition, increasing population of four bacterial species (P < .05), while Ti ions showed higher levels of putative pathogens from the orange complex with reduction in species from the yellow complex (P < .05), compared with control. The combination of particles + ions increased green complex and reduced yellow complex proportions (P < .05). TEM showed clusters of particles agglomerated in extracellular environment, while Ti ions were precipitated in both extracellular and intracellular sites.ConclusionsTi products, especially Ti ions, have the potential to change the microbiological composition of biofilms formed on Ti surfaces. Therefore, the presence of Ti products around dental implants may contribute to microbial dysbiosis and peri‐implantitis.
The intracellular pathogen concept
Authors: Casadevall Arturo , Fang Ferric C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe intracellular pathogen concept classifies pathogenic microbes on the basis of their site of replication and dependence on host cells. This concept played a fundamental role in establishing the field of cellular microbiology, founded in part by Dr. Pascale Cossart, whose seminal contributions are honored in this issue of Molecular Microbiology. The recognition that microbes can access and replicate in privileged compartments within host cells has led to many new and fruitful lines of investigation into the biology of the cell and mechanisms of cell‐mediated immunity. However, like any scientific concept, the intracellular pathogen concept can become a dogma that constrains thinking and oversimplifies complex and dynamic host–pathogen interactions. Growing evidence has blurred the distinction between “intracellular” and “extracellular” pathogens and demonstrated that many pathogens can exist both within and outside of cells. Although the intracellular pathogen concept remains useful, it should not be viewed as a rigid classification of pathogenic microbes, which exhibit remarkable variation and complexity in their behavior in the host.
Geographical distribution of mycetoma cases in senegal over a period of 18 years
Authors: Badiane Aïda Sadikh , Ndiaye Mouhamadou , Diongue Khadim , Diallo Mamadou Alpha , Seck Mame Cheikh , Ndiaye Daouda 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundMycetoma is a pathological process in which fungal or actinomycotic agents of exogenous origin produce grains. In the absence of data on the global burden, it is important to map mycetoma cases, which are useful to implement control strategies.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to map mycetoma cases diagnosed in Senegal over a period of eighteen years.MethodologyThe cases of mycetoma identified in the laboratory of Mycology at Aristide Le Dantec Hospital were extracted from the notebooks; information on the dates of collection, geographical origin and fungal agent identified was entered in Excel and analysed.ResultsThree hundred and thirty‐seven cases of mycetoma were diagnosed from 1993 to 2016 at Aristide Le Dantec Hospital. Mapping shows that overall, the western zone presented the majority of cases 47% (120), followed, respectively, by the central zone 32% (80), the northern zone 18% (47) and the southern zone 2% (6). However, over the years, this distribution is different with a decrease in cases from the periods 1993‐2000 and 2011‐2016 of 19% in the western and a progressive increase of cases in northern and central zones of, respectively, 13% and 14%. In the 1990s, the cases were predominant in Dakar, Louga and Diourbel. During 2011‐2016, Thies, Diourbel, Fouta and Louga presented more cases.ConclusionThe spatial distribution of mycetoma in Senegal changed over the years, most frequent in the west of the country, and during 1993 to 2000, mycetoma is now more common in the north.
Creative targeting of the Gram‐negative outer membrane in antibiotic discovery
Authors: MacNair Craig R. , Tsai Caressa N. , Brown Eric D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe rising threat of multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria is exacerbated by the scarcity of new antibiotics in the development pipeline. Permeability through the outer membrane remains one of the leading hurdles in discovery efforts. However, the essentiality of a robust outer membrane makes itself an intriguing antimicrobial target. Herein, we review drug discovery efforts targeting the outer membrane and the prospective antimicrobial leads identified.