bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable Two-dimensional Perovskite Crystallization via Water Additive for High-performance Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Ziji , Zheng Hualin , Liu Detao , Liang Zhiqing , Yang Wenyao , Chen Hao , Ji Long , Yuan Shihao , Gu Yiding , Li Shibin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSteering the crystallization of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite film is an important strategy to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2D perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). In this paper, the deionized water (H2O) additive is introduced into the perovskite precursor solution to prepare high-quality 2D perovskite films. The 2D perovskite film treated with 3% H2O shows a good surface morphology, increased crystal size, enhanced crystallinity, preferred orientation, and low defect density. The fabricated 2D PVSC with 3% H2O exhibits a higher PCE compared with that without H2O (12.15% vs 2.29%). Furthermore, the shelf stability of unsealed devices with 3% H2O under ambient environment is significantly improved. This work provides a simple method to prepare high-quality 2D perovskite films for efficient and stable 2D PVSCs.
Identification and analysis of CYP450 and UGT supergene family members from the transcriptome of Aralia elata (Miq.) seem reveal candidate genes for triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis
Authors: Cheng Yao , Liu Hanbing , Tong Xuejiao , Liu Zaimin , Zhang Xin , Li Dalong , Jiang Xinmei , Yu Xihong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Members of the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) gene superfamily have been shown to play essential roles in regulating secondary metabolite biosynthesis. However, the systematic identification of CYP450s and UGTs has not been reported in Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem, a highly valued medicinal plant.

Results
In the present study, we conducted the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the leaves, stems, and roots of A. elata, yielding 66,713 total unigenes. Following annotation and KEGG pathway analysis, we were able to identify 64 unigenes related to triterpenoid skeleton biosynthesis, 254 CYP450s and 122 UGTs, respectively. A total of 150 CYP450s and 92 UGTs encoding > 300 amino acid proteins were utilized for phylogenetic and tissue-specific expression analyses. This allowed us to cluster 150 CYP450s into 9 clans and 40 families, and then these CYP450 proteins were further grouped into two primary branches: A-type (53%) and non-A-type (47%). A phylogenetic analysis of 92 UGTs and other plant UGTs led to clustering into 16 groups (A-P). We further assessed the expression patterns of these CYP450 and UGT genes across A. elata tissues, with 23 CYP450 and 16 UGT members being selected for qRT-PCR validation, respectively. From these data, we identified CYP716A295 and CYP716A296 as the candidate genes most likely to be associated with oleanolic acid synthesis, while CYP72A763 and CYP72A776 were identified as being the most likely to play roles in hederagenin biosynthesis. We also selected five unigenes as the best candidates for oleanolic acid 3-O-glucosyltransferase. Finally, we assessed the subcellular localization of three CYP450 proteins within Arabidopsis protoplasts, highlighting the fact that they localize to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Conclusions
This study presents a systematic analysis of the CYP450 and UGT gene family in A. elata and provides a foundation for further functional characterization of these two multigene families.
Social media as a recruitment platform for a nationwide online survey of COVID-19 knowledge, beliefs, and practices in the United States: methodology and feasibility analysis
Authors: Ali Shahmir H. , Foreman Joshua , Capasso Ariadna , Jones Abbey M. , Tozan Yesim , DiClemente Ralph J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has evolved into one of the most impactful health crises in modern history, compelling researchers to explore innovative ways to efficiently collect public health data in a timely manner. Social media platforms have been explored as a research recruitment tool in other settings; however, their feasibility for collecting representative survey data during infectious disease epidemics remain unexplored.ObjectivesThis study has two aims 1) describe the methodology used to recruit a nationwide sample of adults residing in the United States (U.S.) to participate in a survey on COVID-19 knowledge, beliefs, and practices, and 2) outline the preliminary findings related to recruitment, challenges using social media as a recruitment platform, and strategies used to address these challenges.MethodsAn original web-based survey informed by evidence from past literature and validated scales was developed. A Facebook advertisement campaign was used to disseminate the link to an online Qualtrics survey between March 20–30, 2020. Two supplementary male-only and racial minority- targeted advertisements were created on the sixth and tenth day of recruitment, respectively, to address issues of disproportionate female- and White-oriented gender- and ethnic-skewing observed in the advertisement’s reach and response trends.ResultsIn total, 6602 participant responses were recorded with representation from all U.S. 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The advertisements cumulatively reached 236,017 individuals and resulted in 9609 clicks (4.07% reach). Total cost of the advertisement was $906, resulting in costs of $0.09 per click and $0.18 per full response (completed surveys). Implementation of the male-only advertisement improved the cumulative percentage of male respondents from approximately 20 to 40%.ConclusionsThe social media advertisement campaign was an effective and efficient strategy to collect large scale, nationwide data on COVID-19 within a short time period. Although the proportion of men who completed the survey was lower than those who didn’t, interventions to increase male responses and enhance representativeness were successful. These findings can inform future research on the use of social media recruitment for the rapid collection of survey data related to rapidly evolving health crises, such as COVID-19.
Molecular epidemiology of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Chisompola Namaunga Kasumu , Streicher Elizabeth Maria , Muchemwa Chishala Miriam Kapambwe , Warren Robin Mark , Sampson Samantha Leigh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The burden of drug resistant tuberculosis in Africa is largely driven by the emergence and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. MDR-TB is defined as resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, while XDR-TB is defined as MDR-TB with added resistance to any of the second line injectable drugs and any fluoroquinolone.
The highest burden of drug resistant TB is seen in countries further experiencing an HIV epidemic. The molecular mechanisms of drug resistance as well as the evolution of drug resistant TB strains have been widely studied using various genotyping tools. The study aimed to analyse the drug resistant lineages in circulation and transmission dynamics of these lineages in Africa by describing outbreaks, nosocomial transmission and migration. Viewed as a whole, this can give a better insight into the transmission dynamics of drug resistant TB in Africa.

Methods
A systematic review was performed on peer reviewed original research extracted from PubMed reporting on the lineages associated with drug resistant TB from African countries, and their association with outbreaks, nosocomial transmission and migration. The search terms “Tuberculosis AND drug resistance AND Africa AND (spoligotyping OR molecular epidemiology OR IS6110 OR MIRU OR DNA fingerprinting OR RFLP OR VNTR OR WGS)” were used to identify relevant articles reporting the molecular epidemiology of drug resistant TB in Africa.

Results
Diverse genotypes are associated with drug resistant TB in Africa, with variations in strain predominance within the continent. Lineage 4 predominates across Africa demonstrating the ability of “modern strains” to adapt and spread easily. Most studies under review reported primary drug resistance as the predominant type of transmission. Drug resistant TB strains are associated with community and nosocomial outbreaks involving MDR- and XDR-TB strains. The under-use of molecular epidemiological tools is of concern, resulting in gaps in knowledge of the transmission dynamics of drug resistant TB on the continent.

Conclusions
Genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis strains has been demonstrated across Africa implying that diverse genotypes are driving the epidemiology of drug resistant TB across the continent.
Kidney triplication with ectopic ureterocele: a case report
Authors: Osipov I. B. , Lebedev D. A. , Lifanova M. V. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Kidney triplication is a rare urological abnormality. Association of triplex kidney and ureterocele is out of ordinary. Treatment of such patients usually implies heminephrureterectomy of the upper moiety. We report a case of a saved function of the upper moiety after minimal invasive surgical procedure.

Case presentations
5-year old girl complained for continuous wetting. Examination revealed 3 - segmented left kidney with pelvi-ureteric dilation of the upper moiety, IV grade vesicoureteral reflux in the upper moiety, cervical ectopic ureteral orifice of the upper moiety and a commune ureteral orifice of the lower segments.
An endoscopic laser dissection of ureterocele was performed. Drainage of the upper moiety of triplex kidney was restored. Examination 18 months later showed no wetting and infection symptoms. Pelvi-ureteric dilation of the upper moiety and cavity of ureterocele decreased to minimal. Grade of vesicoureteral reflux decreased to I.

Conclusion
Minimal invasive elimination of obstruction of the upper moiety of triplex kidney was successful and led to regress of vesicoureteral reflux, urinary incontinence and let to avoid heminephrectomy.
Deep learning-based dental plaque detection on primary teeth: a comparison with clinical assessments
Authors: You Wenzhe , Hao Aimin , Li Shuai , Wang Yong , Xia Bin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Dental plaque causes many common oral diseases (e.g., caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis). Therefore, plaque detection and control are extremely important for children’s oral health. The objectives of this study were to design a deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) model to detect plaque on primary teeth and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the model.

Methods
A conventional neural network (CNN) framework was adopted, and 886 intraoral photos of primary teeth were used for training. To validate clinical feasibility, 98 intraoral photos of primary teeth were assessed by the AI model. Additionally, tooth photos were acquired using a digital camera. One experienced pediatric dentist examined the photos and marked the regions containing plaque. Then, a plaque-disclosing agent was applied, and the areas with plaque were identified. After 1 week, the dentist drew the plaque area on the 98 photos taken by the digital camera again to evaluate the consistency of manual diagnosis. Additionally, 102 intraoral photos of primary teeth were marked to denote the plaque areas obtained by the AI model and the dentist to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of each approach based on lower-resolution photos. The mean intersection-over-union (MIoU) metric was employed to indicate detection accuracy.

Results
The MIoU for detecting plaque on the tested tooth photos was 0.726 ± 0.165.
The dentist’s MIoU was 0.695 ± 0.269 when first diagnosing the 98 photos taken by the digital camera and 0.689 ± 0.253 after 1 week. Compared to the dentist, the AI model demonstrated a higher MIoU (0.736 ± 0.174), and the results did not change after 1 week. When the dentist and the AI model assessed the 102 intraoral photos, the MIoU was 0.652 ± 0.195 for the dentist and 0.724 ± 0.159 for the model. The results of a paired t-test found no significant difference between the AI model and human specialist (P > .05) in diagnosing dental plaque on primary teeth.

Conclusions
The AI model showed clinically acceptable performance in detecting dental plaque on primary teeth compared with an experienced pediatric dentist. This finding illustrates the potential of such AI technology to help improve pediatric oral health.
Influence of two different feeding strategies in the dry period on dry matter intake and plasma protein peroxidative and antioxidative profile during dry period and early lactation
Authors: Gundelach Yasmin , Streuff Beate , Franczyk Monika , Kankofer Marta , Hoedemaker Martina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Dairy cows undergo dramatic changes in endocrine and metabolic status around parturition and in early lactation. Meeting the nutritional requirements of transition dairy cows is important for animal health, production and animal wellbeing. Dry cow feeding and managing play an essential role in this. The changes in metabolism of periparturient cows also lead to a rise in the production of oxidising agents, leading to oxidative stress. The relationship between dry cow diet composition and oxidative stress has received little research attention so far. In the present study, the influence of two different dry cow feedings (single diet with medium energy content over the whole dry period versus traditional two-phase diet with a low-energy “far-off” ration and a high energy “close-up” ration) on dry matter intake, energy intake and plasma protein peroxidative and antioxidative profile was investigated.

Results
The examined parameters revealed a dynamic profile within the experimental period. Dry matter intake (DMI) did not differ between groups. However, there was a time and a group x time interaction effect: Group 1 (“one-phase”) had a very constant DMI with a slow and even decrease until calving. In Group 2 (“two-phase”), an initial increase in DMI two weeks antepartum (a.p.) was followed by a sharp drop at week 1 a.p.. The highest total antioxidant capacity and sulfhydryl residue concentration was noted at partus. In contrast, concentration of formylokinurenine and bityrosine bridges as representatives of protein peroxidation were lowest at parturition. The time course of formylokinurenine and bityrosine bridges showed parallels to the DMI. The contents of sulfhydryl groups, formylokinurenine and total antixoxidant capacity did not differ between groups. In contrast, concentration of bityrosine bridges was always higher in Group 2 compared with Group 1 and these differences were statistically significant at week 3 a.p., week 2 a.p., week 1 a.p. and at parturition.

Conclusion
The results of our study suggest time-related changes of pro- and antioxidative plasma parameters. Different dry cow feeding affected antepartal DMI. Furthermore, DMI and diet compositions seemed to have an influence on plasma protein peroxidative profile and activity of antioxidative defence.
Molecular diagnosis in recessive pediatric neurogenetic disease can help reduce disease recurrence in families
Authors: Issa Mahmoud Y. , Chechlacz Zinayida , Stanley Valentina , George Renee D. , McEvoy-Venneri Jennifer , Belandres Denice , Elbendary Hasnaa M. , Gaber Khaled R. , Nabil Ahmed , Abdel-Hamid Mohamed S. , Zaki Maha S. , Gleeson Joseph G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The causes for thousands of individually rare recessive diseases have been discovered since the adoption of next generation sequencing (NGS). Following the molecular diagnosis in older children in a family, parents could use this information to opt for fetal genotyping in subsequent pregnancies, which could inform decisions about elective termination of pregnancy. The use of NGS diagnostic sequencing in families has not been demonstrated to yield benefit in subsequent pregnancies to reduce recurrence. Here we evaluated whether genetic diagnosis in older children in families supports reduction in recurrence of recessive neurogenetic disease.

Methods
Retrospective study involving families with a child with a recessive pediatric brain disease (rPBD) that underwent NGS-based molecular diagnosis. Prenatal molecular testing was offered to couples in which a molecular diagnosis was made, to help couples seeking to prevent recurrence. With this information, families made decisions about elective termination. Pregnancies that were carried to term were assessed for the health of child and mother, and compared with historic recurrence risk of recessive disease.

Results
Between 2010 and 2016, 1172 families presented with a child a likely rPBD, 526 families received a molecular diagnosis, 91 families returned to the clinic with 101 subsequent pregnancies, and 84 opted for fetal genotyping. Sixty tested negative for recurrence for the biallelic mutation in the fetus, and all, except for one spontaneous abortion, carried to term, and were unaffected at follow-up. Of 24 that genotyped positive for the biallelic mutation, 16 were electively terminated, and 8 were carried to term and showed features of disease similar to that of the older affected sibling(s). Among the 101 pregnancies, disease recurrence in living offspring deviated from the expected 25% to the observed 12% ([95% CI 0·04 to 0·20], p = 0·011).

Conclusions
Molecular diagnosis in an older child, coupled with prenatal fetal genotyping in subsequent pregnancies and genetic counselling, allows families to make informed decisions to reduce recessive neurogenetic disease recurrence.
Role of rhinomanometry in the prediction of therapeutic positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Hsu Yen-Bin , Liu Stanley Yung-Chuan , Lan Ming-Ying , Huang Yun-Chen , Tzeng I-Shiang , Lan Ming-Chin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between nasal resistance in different posture and optimal positive airway pressure (PAP) level. Other potential factors were also assessed for possible influence on PAP pressure.

Methods
Forty- three patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were prospectively recruited in this study. Nasal resistance was assessed by active anterior rhinomanometry in a seated position and then in a supine position at pressures of 75, 150, and 300 pascal. The factors correlating with PAP pressure were analyzed, including nasal resistance and patients’ clinical data.

Results
Univariate analysis revealed that PAP pressure was correlated to nasal resistance in the supine position at 75 and 150 pascal (SupineNR75 and SupineNR150) (P = 0.019 and P = 0.004 in Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis), but not correlated to nasal resistance in the seated position at different pressures or in the supine position at 300 pascal. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that both SupineNR150 and body mass index (BMI) significantly predicted PAP pressure (β = 0.308, p = 0.044; β = 0.727, p = 0.006). The final PAP pressure predictive model was:
PAP pressure = 0.29 BMI + 2.65 SupineNR150 + 2.11.

Conclusions
Nasal resistance in the supine position measured at 150 pascal may provide valuable information regarding optimal PAP pressure. Rhinomanometry should be included in the treatment algorithm of OSA patients when PAP therapy is considered.
MicroRNA-421-3p-abundant small extracellular vesicles derived from M2 bone marrow-derived macrophages attenuate apoptosis and promote motor function recovery via inhibition of mTOR in spinal cord injury
Authors: Wang Jiaxing , Rong Yuluo , Ji Chengyue , Lv Chengtang , Jiang Dongdong , Ge Xuhui , Gong Fangyi , Tang Pengyu , Cai Weihua , Liu Wei , Fan Jin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Spinal cord injury (SCI) has a very disabling central nervous system impact but currently lacks effective treatment. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) are recruited to the injured area after SCI and participate in the regulation of functional recovery with microglia. Previous studies have shown that M2 microglia-derived small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) have neuroprotective effects, but the effects of M2 BMDM-derived sEVs (M2 BMDM-sEVs) have not been reported in SCI treatment.

Results
In this study, we investigated the role of M2 BMDM-sEVs in vivo and in vitro for SCI treatment and its mechanism. Our results indicated that M2 BMDM-sEVs promoted functional recovery after SCI and reduced neuronal apoptosis in mice. In addition, M2 BMDM-sEVs targeted mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to enhance the autophagy level of neurons and reduce apoptosis. MicroRNA-421-3P (miR-421-3p) can bind to the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of mTOR. MiR-421-3p mimics significantly reduced the activity of luciferase-mTOR 3′UTR constructs and increased autophagy. At the same time, tail vein injection of inhibitors of SEVs (Inh-sEVs), which were prepared by treatment with an miR-421-3p inhibitor, showed diminished protective autophagy of neuronal cells in vivo.

Conclusions
In conclusion, M2 BMDM-sEVs inhibited the mTOR autophagy pathway by transmitting miR-421-3p, which reduced neuronal apoptosis and promoted functional recovery after SCI, suggesting that M2 BMDM-sEVs may be a potential therapy for SCI.
Effects of active localization and vascular preservation of inferior parathyroid glands in central neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Hou Dawei , Xu Haie , Yuan Bing , Liu Jianhui , Lu Yibing , Liu Ming , Qian Zhuyin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The purpose of present study is to assess the effects of active localization and vascular preservation of inferior parathyroid glands in central neck dissection (CND) for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods
A classification of IPGs according to their location and vascular features was developed, and, based on this classification, a CND procedure was designed, and IPGs and their vascular were actively localized and strategically preserved. A total of 197 patients with PTC who underwent a total thyroidectomy and concomitant CND were enrolled. Eighty-nine patients with traditional meticulous fascia dissection were allocated to group A, and 108 patients with active location and vascular preservation of IPGs were allocated to group B. Those with inferior parathyroid glands auto-transplantation in each group were assigned as group At (18) and group Bt (12). Variables including serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), total calcium, the incidence of transient, and permanent hypoparathyroidism were studied.

Results
Compared with group A, serum intact PTH (P < 0.001) and total calcium levels (P < 0.05) in group B significantly improved on the first postoperative day, and the incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism significantly dropped in group B (P < 0.001). A total of 170 patients in the two groups had complete follow-up data. The incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism significantly decreased in group B, from 8.8% to 1.0% (P = 0.017). However, there were no significant differences in all variables between group Bt and group At.

Conclusion
Active location and vascular preservation of inferior parathyroid glands effectively protected the function of IPGs in CND for PTC.