bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of chemical pretreatments on plant fiber cell wall and their implications on the appearance of fiber dislocations
Authors: Durães Alisson Farley Soares , Moulin Jordão Cabral , Dias Matheus Cordazzo , Mendonça Maressa Carvalho , Damásio Renato Augusto Pereira , Thygesen Lisbeth Garbrecht , Tonoli Gustavo Henrique Denzin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe cell wall of plant fibers may contain irregular regions called dislocations. This study evaluated the effect of chemical pretreatment as a mechanochemical dislocation initiator in unbleached and bleachedEucalyptussp. fibers. Accordingly, bleached and unbleached pulps of eucalyptus were subjected to chemical pretreatments with sodium hydroxide at concentrations of 5% for 2 h, 10% for 1 h and 10% for 2 h or with hydrogen peroxide. The extent of dislocations was evaluated by polarized light microscopy. Based on the observation, an index of dislocations (ID) expressing their ratio of cell wall as per two-dimensional (2D) imaging and their angle relative to the longitudinal direction of the fiber were estimated. Chemical pretreatments increased the ID for bleached and unbleached fibers as well as increased the changes in the curl of bleached and unbleached fibers for chemical pretreatments. Chemical pretreatment extracted the hemicellulose of the fiber cell wall causing some fiber to curl, which in turn generated new dislocations and modifications in the dislocation angles which may be useful for improving the deconstruction process of the cellulose fibers.
EZH2 function in immune cell development
Authors: Nutt Stephen L. , Keenan Christine , Chopin Michaël , Allan Rhys S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) consists of three core components EZH2, SUZ12 and EED. EZH2 catalyzes the methylation of lysine 27 of histone H3, a modification associated with gene silencing. Through gene duplication higher vertebrate genomes also encode a second partially redundant methyltransferase, EZH1. Within the mammalian immune system most research has concentrated on EZH2 which is expressed predominantly in proliferating cells. EZH2 and other PRC2 components are required for hematopoietic stem cell function and lymphocyte development, at least in part by repressing cell cycle inhibitors. At later stages of immune cell differentiation, EZH2 plays essential roles in humoral and cell-mediated adaptive immunity, as well as the maintenance of immune homeostasis. EZH2 is often overactive in cancers, through both gain-of-function mutations and over-expression, an observation that has led to the development and clinical testing of specific EZH2 inhibitors. Such inhibitors may also be of use in inflammatory and autoimmune settings, as EZH2 inhibition dampens the immune response. Here, we will review the current state of understanding of the roles for EZH2, and PRC2 more generally, in the development and function of the immune system.
Perspective: plasmon antennas for nanoscale chiral chemistry
Authors: Pedrueza-Villalmanzo Esteban , Pineider Francesco , Dmitriev Alexandre 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Plasmon nanoantennas are extensively used with molecular systems for chemical and biological ultra-sensing, for boosting the molecular emissive and energy transfer properties, for nanoscale catalysis, and for building advanced hybrid nanoarchitectures. In this perspective, we focus on the latest developments of using plasmon nanoantennas for nanoscale chiral chemistry and for advancing molecular magnetism. We overview the decisive role nanoplasmonics and nano-optics can play in achieving chirally selective molecular synthesis and separation and the way such processes might be precisely controlled by potentially merging chirality and magnetism at the molecular scale. We give our view on how these insights might lead to the emergence of exciting new fundamental concepts in nanoscale materials science.
Evaluation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties for Yield and Some Agronomic Traits
Authors: Tessema Lemma , Mohammed Wassu , Abebe Tesfaye 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in the central highlands of Ethiopia to evaluate the performance of potato varieties for tuber yield and to identify a superior variety in tuber yield and yield components. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at two locations in the central highlands of Ethiopia during the 2017 main cropping season. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the presence of highly significant (P<0.01) differences among varieties over all traits studied. The mean squares for location were also significant in indicating the influence of environments on the traits of the studied varieties. However, the interaction between variety and environment had no significant effect on the performances of the potato varieties to attain 50% flowering, specific gravity and dry matter content indicating a similar performance of these traits across all locations. The variety Belete produced the maximum total tuber yield of 32.8 t ha -1 and marketable tuber yield of 29.1 t ha-1. Conversely, farmers` variety Nech Abeba produced the minimum total tuber yield of 13.8 t ha-1 and marketable tuber yield of 8.4 t ha-1. For most tuber quality traits, viz., tuber specific gravity, dry matter content, starch percentage and total starch yield, varieties Belete and Menagesha were the maximum and minimum producers, respectively. Thus, it could be concluded that varietal and environmental variations as well as their interaction had considerable influence on tuber yield and the potato’s attributes.
„Ghost in the Machine” Der Staat in Luhmanns Theorie politischer Systeme
Authors: Wansleben Leon 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Aufsatz diskutiert Niklas Luhmanns ebenso ambivalente wie vielversprechende Auseinandersetzung mit dem Staat. Das Problem im Hintergrund dieser Auseinandersetzung ist die Schließung des politischen Systems und die Rolle des modernen Staates in der Stabilisierung von Grenzen zwischen der Politik und den anderen Funktionssystemen. Entsprechend stellt Luhmann Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Grundrechte als historisch wesentliche, in der Politik selbst institutionalisierte ‚Absicherungen‘ für eine funktional differenzierte Gesellschaftsstruktur dar. Allerdings verstellt seine ‚Staatsskepsis‘ und das Konzept der „strukturellen Kopplungen“ den Blick für komplementäre Formen moderner Staatlichkeit (z. B. den Wohlfahrtsstaat). Von dieser Problemstellung ausgehend werfe ich einen neuen Blick auf die Bindung der Politik an die organisationale Konfiguration der öffentlichen Verwaltung, die aufgrund ihrer polykontextural angelegten Beobachtungs- und Entscheidungsprogramme zeitkritische Systeminterdependenzen adressierbar macht. Der Aufsatz knüpft schließlich an Diskussionen über das Konzept der Weltgesellschaft an, um zu argumentieren, warum ‚staatliche‘ Lösungen von Interdependenzproblemen zwischen Funktionssystemen im Angesicht von fragmentarischen Differenzierungsprozessen immer weniger tragen.
Vor der Differenz Anmerkungen zum Verhältnis von allgemeiner Systemtheorie und der Philosophie Michel Serres’
Authors: Melters Benedikt 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie systemtheoretische Rezeption der Philosophie Michel Serres’ beschränkt sich zumeist auf die Figuren desQuasi-Objektsund insbesondere desParasiten. Greift man hingegen nun über diese Theoreme hinaus und berücksichtigt ihren systematischen Kontext, so ergeben sich zwischen Systemtheorie und Philosophie Serres’ nicht nur partielle Überschneidungen, sondern intrikate Theoriebezüge. Als Kern erweist sich dabei der Begriff der Differenz als unaufhebbarer und zugleich konstituierender Hiat sei es von System/Umwelt, sei es von Information/Rauschen. Dennoch richten sich Systemtheorie und die Philosophie Serres’ vollständig anders aus: während die Systemtheorie hochselektive Operationsprozesse innerhalb von sozialen Systemen in einem Begriffsraum aus und über der Differenz nachzeichnet, entwickelt Serres seine Philosophie alsTheorie der Ränderohne Grenzübertritte. Unter Verzicht auf klassische Begriffsstrategien der Grenzbehandlung entwirft er einerandonéevor der Differenz. Insgesamt kann man mithin zwischen Systemtheorie und der Philosophie Serres’ ein Verhältnis der Komplementarität feststellen.
Establishing and using reference intervals
Authors: Ozarda Yesim 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Reference intervals (RIs) and clinical decision limits (CDLs) are fundamental tools used by healthcare and laboratory professionals to interpret patient laboratory test results. The traditional method for establishing RIs, known as the direct approach, is based on collecting samples from members of a preselected reference population, making the measurements and then determining the intervals. For challenging groups such as pediatric and geriatric age groups, indirect methods are appointed for the derivation of RIs in the EP28-A3c guideline. However, there has been an increasing demand to use the indirect methods of deriving RIs by the use of routine laboratory data stored in the laboratory information system. International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), Committee on Reference Intervals and Decision Limits (C-RIDL) is currently working on the study for the comparison of the conventional (direct) and alternative (indirect) approaches for the determination of reference intervals. As a matter of fact that, the process of developing RIs is often beyond the capabilities of an individual laboratory due to the complex, expensive and time-consuming process to develop them. Therefore, a laboratory can alternatively transfer and verify RIs established by an external source (i.e. manufacturers’ package inserts, publications). IFCC, C-RIDL has focused primarily on RIs and has performed multicenter studies to obtain common RIs in recent years. However, as the broader responsibility of the Committee, from its name, includes “decision limits”, the C-RIDL also emphasizes the importance of the correct use of both RIs and CDLs and to encourage laboratories to specify the appropriate information to clinicians as needed.
Investigation of the Changes in Asphalt Rubber Binder Fractions and Their Relation to Performance Enhancement
Authors: Ragab Mohyeldin , Abdelrahman Magdy , Attia Mohamed Ibrahim El-Sharkawi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The relation between the molecular attributes of crumb rubber–modified asphalt (CRMA) fractions and the enhancement in the CRMA in-service properties was investigated. This was achieved by investigating the relation between the enhancement of the CRMA physical properties expressed in terms of its stiffness (complex modulus [G*]) and elasticity (phase angle [δ]) and the change in its molecular structure. Gel permeation chromatography analysis on the liquid phase of CRMA fractions was employed to characterize the change in the CRMA fractions (saturates, asphaltenes, naphthene aromatics, and polar aromatics). Research results showed that, for most of the samples, there is a marked difference in the weight average molecular weight and polydispersity index in relation to enhancement of the physical properties. This indicates that the crumb rubber–modified components played a role in the change of the internal structure of the CRMA, leading to enhancement in its physical properties and thus its expected in-service performance.
Evaluation of Heat Treatment Effect on Impact Strength of Glass Fiber–Reinforced Composite Material Using NDT Technique
Authors: Naqvi Ali Zia , Khan Tariq Mairaj Rasool , Ali M. Ghazanfar , Imran Muhammad , Shah Aqueel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Of late, the frequent use of composite materials merits effective inspection techniques to ensure structural integrity after manufacturing as well as during service. The inspection of composite materials is undertaken using various nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques. Ultrasonic testing (UT) is one of the popular NDT techniques used for testing of composites. The aim of the research is to establish a quantitative relationship between UT signal’s features and the mechanical property, i.e., impact toughness of the composite material heat treated at different temperatures. Polyester glass fiber–reinforced composite undergone post-cure heat treatment is the composite used in the research work. The glass fiber–reinforced plastic (GFRP) specimens have been heat treated at different temperatures to mimic different levels of thermal aging. The impact toughness of the composite material is determined using the Charpy impact test. Then, variation in attenuation of UT signals is related to the change in impact toughness of GFRP composite material heat treated at different temperatures. A possible classification of UT signals acquired from GFRP specimens in terms of different level of thermal aging has also been investigated through application of Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) on the acquired UT signals. Hilbert energy frequency distribution-based feature extraction has been successfully used to analyze the effect of post-cure heat treatment on GFRP composite. An empirical relationship is finally obtained between Charpy impact energy and HHT energy. The proposed technique will be useful in prediction of strength and remaining useful life of GFRP composites through analyses of acquired UT-based NDT signals.
Meningeal Lymphangiogenesis and Enhanced Glymphatic Activity in Mice with Chronically Implanted EEG Electrodes
Authors: Hauglund Natalie L. , Kusk Peter , Kornum Birgitte R. , Nedergaard Maiken 
Published: February 2020

Chronic electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely used tool for monitoring cortical electrical activity in experimental animals. Although chronic implants allow for high-quality, long-term recordings in preclinical studies, the electrodes are foreign objects and might therefore be expected to induce a local inflammatory response. We here analyzed the effects of chronic cranial electrode implantation on glymphatic fluid transport and in provoking structural changes in the meninges and cerebral cortex of male and female mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of brain tissue and dura revealed reactive gliosis in the cortex underlying the electrodes and extensive meningeal lymphangiogenesis in the surrounding dura. Meningeal lymphangiogenesis was also evident in mice prepared with the commonly used chronic cranial window. Glymphatic influx of a CSF tracer was significantly enhanced at 30 d postsurgery in both awake and ketamine-xylazine anesthetized mice with electrodes, supporting the concept that glymphatic influx and intracranial lymphatic drainage are interconnected. Altogether, the experimental results provide clear evidence that chronic implantation of EEG electrodes is associated with significant changes in the brain's fluid transport system. Future studies involving EEG recordings and chronic cranial windows must consider the physiological consequences of cranial implants, which include glial scarring, meningeal lymphangiogenesis, and increased glymphatic activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study shows that implantation of extradural electrodes provokes meningeal lymphangiogenesis, enhanced glymphatic influx of CSF, and reactive gliosis. The analysis based on CSF tracer injection in combination with immunohistochemistry showed that chronically implanted electroencephalography electrodes were surrounded by lymphatic sprouts originating from lymphatic vasculature along the dural sinuses and the middle meningeal artery. Likewise, chronic cranial windows provoked lymphatic sprouting. Tracer influx assessed in coronal slices was increased in agreement with previous reports identifying a close association between glymphatic activity and the meningeal lymphatic vasculature. Lymphangiogenesis in the meninges and altered glymphatic fluid transport after electrode implantation have not previously been described and adds new insights to the foreign body response of the CNS.
Entrepreneurship Preference among University Students: an Evidence of Entrepreneurship Education Program
Authors: Purusottama Ambara , Akbar Teuku Fajar 
Published: February 2020

This study aims to answer the effectiveness of EEP toward entrepreneurial preference in Indonesia. Entrepreneurship Education Program (EEP) has become one of the main instruments of growth of many governments around the world, including the Indonesian government. Nevertheless, polemics and debates have arisen in Indonesia regarding its implementation effectiveness. Through this study, we also emphasize the utilization of family (parents’) work background to understand the effectiveness of EEP further. Surveys among university students were conducted in this research, particularly to those who were exposed to EEP during their studies. By using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the findings conveyed that EEP is indeed effective and in line with students’ entrepreneurial preferences. Of the three factors, only subjective norms have a contradicting relationship. Similar results occur using family work background, i.e., families with entrepreneurial-work backgrounds and families who do not have an entrepreneurial-work background. This research contributes to the behavioral theory, particularly in mitigating EEP polemics among researchers and practitioners, as well as assess the effectiveness of EEP.
Consejos psicologico-deportivos para el futbolista
Authors: Ureña Bonilla Pedro 
Published: February 2020

En este artículo se ofrece una serie de consejos psicológico-deportivos para el futbolista. En resumen se presentan y discuten algunos factores psicológicos determinantes del rendimiento del futbolista. El texto se ofrece en forma de tesis seguida de consejos prácticos. Finalmente se brinda algunas consideraciones relacionadas con el trabajo psicológico semanal del futbolista. El propósito fundamental de esta guía es ayudar al futbolista, facilitándole algunos consejos que le permitan expresar su verdadero talento en la cancha. La guía es mucho más provechosa si se trabaja con el acompañamiento de un psicólogo deportivo.
Efecto de un programa de ejercicio aeróbico y un programa de circuito con pesas sobre la calidad de vida, disnea y resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en sujetos con enfermedad pulmonar crónica
Authors: Delgado Acosta Henry , Acuña Corrales Ernesto 
Published: February 2020

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de un programa de ejercicio aeróbico y un programa de circuito con pesas sobre la calidad de vida, disnea y resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en sujetos con Enfermedad Pulmonar Crónica (EPC). Metodología: el programa de rehabilitación se hizo durante ocho semanas, se realizó un pretest y un postest, se cumplió con una sesión semanal presencial, y las otras dos domiciliarias, se tuvo comunicación directa vía telefónica los días que realizaban el ejercicio en la casa. Instrumentos: el cuestionario St. George Respiratory Questonnaire para medir calidad de vida, la escala de Borg para medir la disnea y el test de caminata de los 6 min. para medir la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria. Sujetos: participaron 38 personas con diagnóstico previo de EPC, 18 hombres y 20 mujeres; 27 sujetos con patología obstructiva y 11 sujetos con restrictiva., con una edad promedio de 69.8 ± 9.34 años, divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos, uno que realizó ejercicio aeróbico (22 sujetos) y otro que ejecutó ejercicio aeróbico y de contrarresistencia con pesas (16 sujetos). Análisis estadístico: ANOVA mixta de cuatro vías (2x2x2x2) para las variables mediciones, sexo, tratamiento y patología. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias significativas entre mediciones para la variable disnea (pre: 7.18 ± 0.69 puntos y post: 4.89 ± 0.68 puntos) (F = 228.770; p < 0,05), calidad de vida (pre: 59.68 ± 7.50 puntos y post 81.75 ± 7.33 puntos) (F = 228.770; p < 0,05), resistencia cardiorrespiratoria (pre 384,95 ± 51,02 mts. y post 432 ± 37,41 mts.) (F: 59.9; p<0.01), pero no se encontraron diferencias por sexo, actividad ni enfermedad (p>0,05), ni interacción entre las variable (p>0,05). Conclusión: la realización de ejercicio físico aeróbico y anaeróbico mejoran el grado de disnea, la calidad de vida y resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en pacientes con EPC.
RALLY… naturaleza, recreación y salud
Authors: Morera Castro María , Serrano Madrigal Ariana 
Published: February 2020

El rally es una actividad que congrega a un grupo de personas. Los cuales conforman equipos, con el propósito de recorrer un territorio en un tiempo determinado, realizando acciones (pistas, acertijos o desafíos) que les permitan avanzar hasta lograr el cumplimiento del objetivo planteado. Nadie conoce en dónde están las pistas, acertijos o desafíos. Las reglas del juego se les explican a todos los participantes, al igual que las normas de seguridad. Se debe tomar en cuenta al realizar un rally, el objetivo, tema que se quiere lograr, el lugar donde se va a realizar, los materiales que se van a necesitar y con los que se cuenta, también las pistas acertijos o desafíos que se pueden incluir. A su vez, como se supervisará que todos los equipos pasen por los puestos de control. Como cualquier actividad que lleve una pizca de competitividad, el juego limpio y el respeto debe de prevalecer ante cualquier interés. Si por algún motivo alguno de los equipos tuvo alguna emergencia, la solidaridad debe de reinar y la actividad pasará a ser un aprendizaje de valores. El sentido aventurero es parte esencial en esta actividad. El reto por lo desconocido, lo nuevo, mantiene en alto el deseo de retarse a sí mismo y al grupo. Esta es una actividad que da cabida a que grupos de amigos y amigas, familias, niños, adultos entre otros, convivan y pasen un rato juntos, un día agradable, sano y en contacto con la naturaleza. Rescatando la cooperación, astucia y sobre todo el trabajo en equipo.
Somatotipo de piragüistas élite de Cuba
Authors: Aladro Gonzalvo Arián Ramón , Machado Díaz Miriam , Bueno Fernández Edgar 
Published: February 2020

Algunas características físicas están ligadas al máximo desempeño deportivo dando fundamento a un llamado prototipo morfológico y su conocimiento resulta de suma importancia a los profesionales de la actividad física. Por tal motivo la intención del presente trabajo fue evidenciar si los somatotipos de los atletas élite de canotaje de Cuba se relacionan con referencias internacionales, tales como estudios realizado en, España (Esparza, 1993), Canadá (Carter, 1999), Australia (Ackland y otros, 2000), Argentina (Lentini y otros, 2002) y EE.UU. (Vaccaro y otros, 2000). Fueron evaluados 30 deportistas los cuales se distribuían en 9 féminas de kayak, y 21 masculinos de canoa y kayak.Dicho estudio condujo a reconocer la gran heterogeneidad existente en esta población, a juzgar por el comportamiento de los somatotipos a partir de comparaciones intragrupales. Al comparar con otros estudios de referencia el componente endomórfico proporcionó la diferencia. Esto permitió concluir que existe necesidad de ejecutar acciones que modifiquen dicho componente, para así lograr un acercamiento de los atletas cubanos al perfil antropométrico que exhiben equipos de élite mundial.