bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the statistical power of monitoring programs for marine protected areas
Authors: Perkins Nicholas R. , Prall Michael , Chakraborty Avishek , White J. Wilson , Baskett Marissa L. , Morgan Steven G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMarine Protected Areas (MPAs) are increasingly established globally as a spatial management tool to aid in conservation and fisheries management objectives. Assessing whether MPAs are having the desired effects on populations requires effective monitoring programs. A cornerstone of an effective monitoring program is an assessment of the statistical power of sampling designs to detect changes when they occur. We present a novel approach to power assessment that combines spatial point process models, integral projection models (IPMs) and sampling simulations to assess the power of different sample designs across a network of MPAs. We focus on the use of remotely operated vehicle (ROV) video cameras as the sampling method, though the results could be extended to other sampling methods. We use empirical data from baseline surveys of an example indicator fish species across three MPAs in California, USA as a case study. Spatial models simulated time series of spatial distributions across sites that accounted for the effects of environmental covariates, while IPMs simulated expected trends over time in abundances and sizes of fish. We tested the power of different levels of sampling effort (i.e., the number of 500‐m ROV transects) and temporal replication (every 1–3 yr) to detect expected post‐MPA changes in fish abundance and biomass. We found that changes in biomass are detectable earlier than changes in abundance. We also found that detectability of MPA effects was higher in sites with higher initial densities. Increasing the sampling effort had a greater effect than increasing sampling frequency on the time taken to achieve high power. High power was best achieved by combining data from multiple sites. Our approach provides a powerful tool to explore the interaction between sampling effort, spatial distributions, population dynamics, and metrics for detecting change in previously fished populations.
The effects of soda taxes on adolescent sugar intake and blood sugar
Authors: Restrepo Brandon J. , Cantor Jonathan H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntake of added sugars is high in the US adolescent population, with sugar‐sweetened beverages being the primary source. We contribute to the literature by providing the first estimates of the impacts of soda sales taxes, which are commonly levied in the US states, on the total daily sugar intake and blood sugar of adolescents aged 12–19 years. Using a restricted‐use version of the 1999–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and exploiting within‐state variation in soda sales tax rates over time, our results indicate that adolescent soft drink demand is tax‐sensitive. Consistent with prior research using NHANES data, we find that adolescents reduce calories consumed from soft drinks when faced with a rise in soda sales taxes, but they offset this reduction with an increase in calorie intake from milk drinks. In accordance with this substitution behavior, we find that soda sales taxes cause small and insignificant changes in the total daily calorie intake, total daily sugar intake, or blood sugar levels of adolescents.
Business cycles and macroeconomic asymmetries: New evidence from Eurozone and European countries
Authors: Chionis Dionysios , Mitropoulos Fotios , Sarantidis Antonios 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the synchronization of business cycles among European Union countries. The co‐movements of economic growth and foreign direct investments are examined for the EU Three different periods of business cycles are compared and three sub‐groups for the sample and the whole period are constructed, a core and a periphery group as in Campos and Macchiarell, Economics Letters, 2016, 147, 127–130, and a new entry group. To assess the robustness of the results, the business cycles were estimated by using the Hodrick–Prescott, Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 1997, 29, 1–16 filter, the Corbae–Ouliaris, Econometric Theory and Practice: Frontiers of Analysis and Applied Research, 2006 filter and the Hamilton, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2017, 100, 831–843 filter. Moreover, the Wald test of asymmetries is used to measure the strength of business cycles. By using the asymmetry results, we construct three new groups of countries. This research contributes to the literature by providing to policymakers a deeper understanding of business cycle synchronizations and the possible asymmetries they have among the EU.
Foxtail millet: a potential crop to meet future demand scenario for alternative sustainable protein
Authors: Sachdev Niharika , Goomer Sangeeta , Singh Laishram R 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFoxtail millet (Setaria italica), an annual grass plant, produces seeds that possess health‐promoting properties owing to its unique protein composition containing a high content of essential amino acids. The mature foxtail seeds mainly consist of proline‐rich, alcohol‐soluble proteins (prolamin) called setarins, comprising about 60% of the total protein, with less content of disulfide cross‐linked proteins than with other cereal and millets. Protein fractionation schemes are an important tool and provide preliminary information on the nature of foxtail proteins for their applications in the field of agriculture, food pharma, and bio‐based materials. Variation in the methods of preparation can influence the composition, structure, and nutritional quality of the protein concentrate. Moreover, foxtail protein or its hydrolysate has shown several bioactive effects that can be explored further for the management of chronic diseases in humans. Additionally, owing to its low cost and excellent functional properties of flour and protein concentrate, foxtail millet can be considered as good candidate for replacing animal protein foods. Furthermore, there is huge potential for successfully developing low‐cost, protein‐rich functional food products helpful in the prevention and management of lifestyle‐related chronic diseases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A Conductive Microfiltration Membrane for In Situ Fouling Detection: Proof‐of‐Concept Using Model Wine Solutions
Authors: Li Sheung‐Yin , Schon Benjamin S. , Travas‐Sejdic Jadranka 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCross‐flow microfiltration, using a microporous membrane, is a well‐established technique for wine clarification in oenology because of its cost‐effectiveness and high‐throughput. However, membrane fouling remains a significant issue for wine filtration in high‐throughput systems. Herein, an approach for in situ real‐time monitoring of fouling in filtration systems using a conductive filtration membrane and a model fluid for filtration is reported. The membrane is fabricated by embedding poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) into an electrospun sulfonated polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene microporous membrane, producing a conductive microfiltration membrane. Measurement of the resistance of the conductive membrane during filtration with the fouling solutions containing pectin, as one of the major foulants in unfiltered wine and pre‐fermentation grape juice, shows a time‐ and concentration‐dependent response. This work opens a door to new methodology for in situ monitoring of fouling processes in wine and juice filtration systems.
Progress in the molecular pathogenesis and nucleic acid therapeutics for Parkinson's disease in the precision medicine era
Authors: Li Dunhui , Mastaglia Frank L. , Fletcher Sue , Wilton Steve D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders that manifest various motor and nonmotor symptoms. Although currently available therapies can alleviate some of the symptoms, the disease continues to progress, leading eventually to severe motor and cognitive decline and reduced life expectancy. The past two decades have witnessed rapid progress in our understanding of the molecular and genetic pathogenesis of the disease, paving the way for the development of new therapeutic approaches to arrest or delay the neurodegenerative process. As a result of these advances, biomarker‐driven subtyping is making it possible to stratify PD patients into more homogeneous subgroups that may better respond to potential genetic‐molecular pathway targeted disease‐modifying therapies. Therapeutic nucleic acid oligomers can bind to target gene sequences with very high specificity in a base‐pairing manner and precisely modulate downstream molecular events. Recently, nucleic acid therapeutics have proven effective in the treatment of a number of severe neurological and neuromuscular disorders, drawing increasing attention to the possibility of developing novel molecular therapies for PD. In this review, we update the molecular pathogenesis of PD and discuss progress in the use of antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, short hairpin RNAs, aptamers, and microRNA‐based therapeutics to target critical elements in the pathogenesis of PD that could have the potential to modify disease progression. In addition, recent advances in the delivery of nucleic acid compounds across the blood–brain barrier and challenges facing PD clinical trials are also reviewed.
Community‐based recruitment and exome sequencing indicates high diagnostic yield in adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Sabo Aniko , Murdock David , Dugan Shannon , Meng Qingchang , Gingras Marie‐Claude , Hu Jianhong , Muzny Donna , Gibbs Richard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundEstablishing a genetic diagnosis for individuals with intellectual disability (ID) benefits patients and their families as it may inform the prognosis, lead to appropriate therapy, and facilitate access to medical and supportive services. Exome sequencing has been successfully applied in a diagnostic setting, but most clinical exome referrals are pediatric patients, with many adults with ID lacking a comprehensive genetic evaluation.MethodsOur unique recruitment strategy involved partnering with service and education providers for individuals with ID. We performed exome sequencing and analysis, and clinical variant interpretation for each recruited family.ResultsAll five families enrolled in the study opted‐in for the return of genetic results. In three out of five families exome sequencing analysis identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in KANSL1, TUSC3, and MED13L genes. Families discussed the results and any potential medical follow‐up in an appointment with a board certified clinical geneticist.ConclusionOur study suggests high yield of exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool in adult patients with ID who have not undergone comprehensive sequencing‐based genetic testing. Research studies including an option of return of results through a genetic clinic could help minimize the disparity in exome diagnostic testing between pediatric and adult patients with ID.
Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP) in the Electronic Health Record: A Validation Study
Authors: Reed Michelle , Mullaney Kathleen , Ruhmann Christy , March Peter , Conte Virginia H. , Noyes Lore , Bleazard Mark 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of malnutrition on pediatric patients in the acute care setting is significant. Hospitalized patients with malnutrition have been shown to have poor clinical outcomes. Nutrition screening is the first critical step in identifying and treating malnutrition. Although several pediatric nutrition screening tools exist, none incorporate both electronic health record (EHR) compatibility and the recommended indicators of pediatric malnutrition, a gap recently identified in a systematic review by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. The aim of this study was to prove the validity of a new version of Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP), EHR‐STAMP, modified for incorporation into the EHR and inclusion of updated pediatric malnutrition indicators.MethodsAn interprofessional team modified the existing STAMP for integration into the EHR. Audits were performed by the research dietitian to assess accuracy and provide feedback for continuous improvement of the tool design.ResultsA total of 3553 pediatric inpatients were studied from August 2017 to May 2019. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity improved with each modification to the EHR‐STAMP. The final version of the EHR‐STAMP found 85% accuracy, 89% sensitivity, and 97% specificity, with a positive predictive value of 60% and a negative predictive value of 94%.ConclusionThe EHR‐STAMP is a highly reliable tool in the screening of nutrition risk for pediatric hospitalized patients. The tool is easy to use, EHR compatible, and incorporates the current indicators recommended for assessing pediatric malnutrition.
Ultrafast printing of continuous fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites with ultrahigh mechanical performance by ultrasonic‐assisted laminated object manufacturing
Authors: Chang Baoning , Parandoush Pedram , Li Xuemu , Ruan Shilun , Shen Changyu , Behnagh Reza Abdi , Liu Yuan , Lin Dong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) of continuous fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) has drawn increasing interest and great attention in academic and industrial communities due to its capability of manufacturing complex lightweight structures with high strength at a low cost. In this study, we proposed a novel AM technique to fabricate CFRTPCs using carbon fiber prepreg sheets based on a novel method: ultrasonic‐assisted laminated object manufacturing (UA‐LOM). The prepreg sheets were first cut into 2D shapes, then every eight layers of the sheets were successively consolidated by an ultrasonic‐vibration roller to fabricate one 3D composite part at a faster speed than conventional AM processes where materials are deposited layer by layer. Samples with controlled fiber alignments were prepared for mechanical tests. The post‐processing hot press was carried out to further improve mechanical properties of the additively manufactured components. Results showed that the unidirectional composite samples displayed an ultra‐high tensile strength of 1760.2 (±71.7) MPa and a tensile modulus of 105.7 (±7.2) GPa. The proposed method exhibited superior mechanical performance compared to state‐of‐the‐art AM techniques. The hot‐press‐treated AM composite parts in this work approached the benchmark mechanical properties provided by the prepreg manufacturing company using traditional fabrication methods. Overall, the proposed AM methods of CFRTPCs show great potential applications in aerospace and transportation industries.
Cancer‐induced cardiac atrophy adversely affects myocardial redox state and mitochondrial oxidative characteristics
Authors: Lee David E. , Brown Jacob L. , Rosa‐Caldwell Megan E. , Perry Richard A. , Brown Lemuel A. , Haynie Wesley S. , Washington Tyrone A. , Wiggs Michael P. , Rajaram Narasimhan , Greene Nicholas P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCachexia presents in 80% of advanced cancer patients; however, cardiac atrophy in cachectic patients receives little attention. This cardiomyopathy contributes to increased occurrence of adverse cardiac events compared with age‐matched population norms. Research on cardiac atrophy has focused on remodelling; however, alterations in metabolic properties may be a primary contributor. The purpose of the study is to determine how cancer‐induced cardiac atrophy alters mitochondrial turnover, mitochondrial mRNA translation machinery, and in vitro oxidative characteristics.MethodsLewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumours were implanted in C57BL6/J mice and grown for 28 days to induce cardiac atrophy. Endogenous metabolic species and markers of mitochondrial function were assessed. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured in LLC‐conditioned media with (out) the antioxidant MitoTempo. Cells were analysed for reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative capacity, and hypoxic resistance.ResultsLLC heart weights were ~10% lower than controls. LLC hearts demonstrated ~15% lower optical redox ratio [flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)/FAD + nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NADH)] compared with phosphate‐buffered saline controls. When compared with phosphate‐buffered saline, LLC hearts showed ~50% greater Cytochrome‐C oxidase subunit 4 (COX‐IV) and Voltage‐dependent anion channel (VDAC), attributed to ~50% lower mitophagy markers. mt‐mRNA translation machinery was elevated similarly to markers of mitochondrial content. Mitochondrial DNA‐encoded Cytb was ~30% lower in LLC hearts. ROS scavengers GPx‐3 and GPx‐7 were ~50% lower in LLC hearts. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with LLC‐conditioned media resulted in higher ROS (25%), lower oxygen consumption rates (10% at basal and 75% at maximal), and greater susceptibility to hypoxia (~25%), which was reversed by MitoTempo.ConclusionsThese results substantiate metabolic cardiotoxic effects attributable to tumour‐associated factors and provide insight into interactions between mitochondrial mRNA translation, ROS mitigation, oxidative capacity, and hypoxia resistance.
Makro- und Mikrokunststoffe in österreichischen Komposten
Authors: Zafiu Christian , Binner Erwin , Hirsch Cornelia , Vay Benedikt , Huber-Humer Marion 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Studie wurden Makro- und Mikrokunststoffe in einem Größenbereich von 10–0,63 mm in neun Komposten aus drei, nach dem Stand der Technik betriebenen österreichischen Kompostanlagen untersucht. In den untersuchten Komposten wurden zwischen 13 und 111 Kunststoffpartikel pro kg TM gefunden. Eine Hochrechnung der gefundenen Minimal- und Maximalwerte auf ganz Österreich ergibt jährliche Mikrokunststoff-Emissionen von 0,6 bis 111 g pro EinwohnerIn, die bei der Kompostierung von biogenen Abfällen vorwiegend durch die Fragmentierung von Störstoffen entstehen. Die Kontamination bestand vor allem aus gängigen Verpackungskunststoffen, wobei der größte Anteil mit bis zu 77 % TM auf Polyolefine entfiel. Die detaillierte Untersuchung einer Miete während des Kompostierungsprozesses ergab, dass die Partikelzahl und deren Größenverteilung sich während des Rotteprozesses ändern können. Auch jahreszeitlich bedingte Veränderungen des Inputmaterials können einen wesentlichen Einflussfaktor darstellen. Eine Möglichkeit zur Reduktion von Kunststoffpartikeln in Komposten stellt die Endaufbereitung dar, bei der durch unbeabsichtigte Anhaftungsprozesse auch Partikel entfernt werden können, die wesentlich kleiner als die Maschenweite des verwendeten Siebes sind. In der gegenständlichen Untersuchung wurden durch die Absiebung und Endaufbereitung des Kompostes vor allem schwere Partikel entfernt.
Biosecurity policy and legislation of the seaweed aquaculture industry in Tanzania
Authors: Rusekwa Sadock B. , Campbell Iona , Msuya Flower E. , Buriyo Amelia S. , Cottier-Cook Elizabeth J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPest and disease outbreaks have significant impacts on the livelihoods of seaweed farmers each year, particularly in low- to middle-income countries around the world. Commercial seaweed farming of the red carrageenophytes, Eucheuma denticulatum, Kappaphycus alvarezii and Kappaphycus striatus, in Tanzania was established in 1989. The impacts of pests and diseases on the local seaweed industry had serious implications for the environment, society, local culture and human health. The industry was initially characterised by growth, but since 2002 has been severely limited due to pest and disease outbreaks, exacerbated by the effects of climate change. This paper identifies existing biosecurity frameworks in Tanzanian legislation and policies in order to assess their content regarding the management of pests and diseases in the seaweed industry. A total of thirteen frameworks were identified and analysed for their general biosecurity scope and inclusion of specific risks. Of the thirteen, only four were legally binding, and only four were identified to be applicable to the seaweed industry. National frameworks were predominantly designed to support finfish aquaculture; therefore, national authorities lack the expertise, experience and scientific basis on biosecurity issues in seaweed industry compared with other aquatic commercial commodities to identify and mitigate the risks from pest and disease outbreaks in the seaweed farming industry. Recommendations are provided to assist regulators in establishing biosecurity policies, which either explicitly include or are specifically designed, to support the Tanzanian seaweed industry. This analysis reveals where biosecurity capacity can be developed to support a sustainable and economically productive national seaweed farming industry.
Designing for sustainable work during industrial startups—the case of a high-growth entrepreneurial firm
Authors: Harlin Ulrika , Berglund Martina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNew firms face challenges regarding pace, time, scalability, and societal changes, requiring increased attention to sustainable work prerequisites. However, this dimension of social sustainability is less studied than economic and ecological sustainability. This paper addresses how sustainable work is considered in an entrepreneurial startup carrying out a greenfield project within a new industrial domain. Data were collected for 30 months in a longitudinal case study. The study shows that (i) working condition challenges were drivers for innovative solution-oriented approaches with potential for rapid decision-making, flexibility, and to attract, recruit, retain, and develop talented people; (ii) a strategic focus on sustainability and collective contribution to a purpose-driven vision were important enablers for taking steps of operationalising sustainable work dimensions during the startup; and (iii) the firm’s early stakeholder collaboration addressing working conditions was an important means for design for sustainable work and their role as agents of sustainable work. Research implications are how sustainable work can be considered during startups and through stakeholder collaboration. Furthermore, the case contributes to increased knowledge of how the three pillars of sustainability—economic, ecological, and social sustainability—are interrelated and are suggested to be continuously considered over time, specifically during rapid major changes.