bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decrease of protein phosphatase 2A subunit B by glutamate exposure in the cerebral cortex of neonatal rats
Authors: Kang Ju-Bin , Park Dong-Ju , Son Hyun-Kyoung , Koh Phil-Ok 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlutamate induces neurotoxicity during brain development, causing nerve damage. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a type of serine/threonine phosphatase that regulates various biological functions. Among the PP2A subunit types, subunit B is abundant in brain tissue and plays an essential role in the nervous system. This study investigated changes in PP2A subunit B expression through glutamate exposure in the cerebral cortex of newborn rats. Sprague-Dawley rat pups (7 days after birth) were injected intraperitoneally with vehicle or glutamate (10 mg/kg). After 4 h of drug treatment, the brain tissue was isolated and fixed for morphological study. In addition, the cerebral cortex was collected for RNA and protein works. We observed severe histopathological changes including swollen neuron and atrophied dendrite in the glutamate exposed cerebral cortex. Glutamate exposure leads to a decrease in PP2A subunit B. Reverse-transcription PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed that glutamate induces a decrease of PP2A subunit B in the cerebral cortex of newborn rats. Moreover, immunohistochemical study showed a decrease in PP2A subunit B positive cells. The reduction of PP2A subunit B expression is considered an indicator of neurodegenerative damage. These results suggest that glutamate exposure causes neuronal damage in the cerebral cortex of new born rats through a decrease in PP2A subunit B.
Inferior Adrenal Artery PI in Fetuses with IUGR: Value Indicating Early Blood Redistribution and Steroidogenic Response
Authors: Xu Ran , Zhu Ziling , Tang Wenjuan , Zhou Qichang , Zeng Shi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
To characterize the inferior adrenal artery (IAA) pulsatility index (PI) in intrauterine growth–restricted (IUGR) fetuses without brain sparing.

Methods
Twenty-three IUGR fetuses with a normal Doppler cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and 23 normal controls were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. The PI of the IAA was recorded using routine transabdominal Doppler ultrasound. The differences in Doppler characteristics, perinatal outcomes, and steroidogenesis in the umbilical vein at birth (adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH] and cortisol [F] levels) were compared between the 2 groups. The correlations between IAA-PI and steroidogenesis were assessed in the IUGR group.

Results
IAA-PI was significantly lower in IUGR fetuses than in normal controls (0.85 vs 1.18 at first scan, 0.78 vs 0.92 at last scan; both P &lt; 0.001). The plasma F and ACTH levels in IUGR cases were significantly higher than those of the normal controls (18.2 vs 12.4 µg/dL and 280.5 vs 125.6 pg/mL for F and ACTH, respectively; both P &lt; 0.001). There were negative correlations between IAA-PI and plasma F values and between IAA-PI and ACTH values in the IUGR group (r = −0.774 and −0.82 at first scan, r = −0.525 and −0.45 at last scan, respectively; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Increased adrenal gland blood flow with concomitant increases in ACTH and F levels were observed in IUGR fetuses. IAA-PI is useful to assess early blood redistribution and may be beneficial for evaluating the steroidogenic response in high-risk pregnancies.
Effectiveness of Prone Positioning in Nonintubated Intensive Care Unit Patients With Moderate to Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Taboada Manuel , González Mariana , Álvarez Antía , González Irene , García Javier , Eiras María , Vieito María Diaz , Naveira Alberto , Otero Pablo , Campaña Olga , Muniategui Ignacio , Tubio Ana , Costa Jose , Selas Salomé , Cariñena Agustín , Martínez Adrián , Veiras Sonia , Aneiros Francisco , Caruezo Valentín , Baluja Aurora , Alvarez Julian 
Published: September 2020

Background:
In the treatment for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends prone positioning (PP) during mechanical ventilation for periods of 12–16 h/d to potentially improve oxygenation and survival. In this prospective observational study, we evaluated the ability of long PP sessions to improve oxygenation in awake intensive care unit (ICU) patients with moderate or severe ARDS due to COVID-19.

METHODS:
The study was approved by the ethics committee of Galicia (code No. 2020-188), and all patients provided informed consent. In this case series, awake patients with moderate or severe ARDS by COVID-19 admitted to the ICU at University Hospital of Santiago from March 21 to April 5, 2020 were prospectively analyzed. Patients were instructed to remain in PP as long as possible until the patient felt too tired to maintain that position. Light sedation was administered with dexmedetomidine. The following information was collected: number and duration of PP sessions; tissue O2 saturation (Sto2
) and blood gases before, during, and following a PP session; need of mechanical ventilation; duration of ICU admission; and ICU outcome. Linear mixed-effects models (LMM) were fit to estimate changes from baseline with a random effect for patient.

RESULTS:
Seven patients with moderate or severe ARDS by COVID-19 were included. All patients received at least 1 PP session. A total of 16 PP sessions were performed in the 7 patients during the period study. The median duration of PP sessions was 10 hours. Dexmedetomidine was used in all PP sessions. Oxygenation increased in all 16 sessions performed in the 7 patients. The ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (Pao
2/Fio
2) significantly increased during PP (change from baseline 110 with 97.5% confidence interval [CI], 19-202) and, after PP, albeit not significantly (change from baseline 38 with 97.5% CI, −9.2 to 85) compared with previous supine position. Similarly, tissue oxygenation underwent a small improvement during PP (change from baseline 2.6% with 97.5% CI, 0.69-4.6) without significant changes after PP. Two patients required intubation. All patients were discharged from the ICU.

CONCLUSIONS:
We found that PP improved oxygenation in ICU patients with COVID-19 and moderate or severe ARDS. PP was relatively well tolerated in our patients and may be a simple strategy to improve oxygenation trying to reduce the number of patients in mechanical ventilation and the length of stay in the ICU, especially in COVID-19 pandemic.
Barrier Devices, Intubation, and Aerosol Mitigation Strategies: Personal Protective Equipment in the Time of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Fried Eric A. , Zhou George , Shah Ronak , Shin Da Wi , Shah Anjan , Katz Daniel , Burnett Garrett W. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Numerous barrier devices have recently been developed and rapidly deployed worldwide in an effort to protect health care workers (HCWs) from exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during high-risk procedures. However, only a few studies have examined their impact on the dispersion of droplets and aerosols, which are both thought to be significant contributors to the spread of COVID-19.

METHODS:
Two commonly used barrier devices, an intubation box and a clear plastic intubation sheet, were evaluated using a physiologically accurate cough simulator. Aerosols were modeled using a commercially available fog machine, and droplets were modeled with fluorescein dye. Both particles were propelled by the cough simulator in a simulated intubation environment. Data were captured by high-speed flash photography, and aerosol and droplet dispersion were assessed qualitatively with and without a barrier in place.

RESULTS:
Droplet contamination after a simulated cough was seemingly contained by both barrier devices. Simulated aerosol escaped the barriers and flowed toward the head of the bed. During barrier removal, simulated aerosol trapped underneath was released and propelled toward the HCW at the head of the bed. Usage of the intubation sheet concentrated droplets onto a smaller area. If no barrier was used, positioning the patient in slight reverse Trendelenburg directed aerosols away from the HCW located at the head of the bed.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our observations imply that intubation boxes and sheets may reduce HCW exposure to droplets, but they both may merely redirect aerosolized particles, potentially resulting in increased exposure to aerosols in certain circumstances. Aerosols may remain within the barrier device after a cough, and manipulation of the box may release them. Patients should be positioned to facilitate intubation, but slight reverse Trendelenburg may direct infectious aerosols away from the HCW. Novel barrier devices should be used with caution, and further validation studies are necessary.
Assessment of low intensivities γ-irradiation chronic influence on the state of thiol-disulphide exchange in the small intestine of rats
Authors: Anchev A. S. 
Published: September 2020

Today considerable attention is paid to the effects of ionizing radiation.chronic exposure in low doses and intensivity to humans and other bio-objects. The changes in the structural characteristics of the genome, nuclear, microsomal, mitochondrial, plasma membranes, cell proliferation, and the processes underlying radioresistance / radiosensitivity caused by irradiation have been experimentally studied. prolonged exposure to ionizing rays in small doses gradually causes a decrease in the endogenous reserve of thiol-dependent systems, and their complete depletion, which negatively affects the body's resistance to adverse environmental factors. There is a possibility of disturbances in the synthesis of thiol disulfide high molecular weight components. The objective: to study the state of thiol disulfide, glutathione redox system and acetylcholinesterase activity in the small intestine of rats of different sexes and ages under physiological conditions and under conditions of prolonged γ-irradiation in a total dose of 0.75 and 1.0 Gy. Results. It has been established that in a small bowel of intact mature rats after prolonged total γ-irradiation with a dose of 1.0 Gy, there were quite significant changes in the content of thiol compounds in the tissues of the small intestine. It was found that the content of SH-groups of protein origin in the tissues of the small intestine decreased relative to the age of control group animals by 28.8% and at the same time was lower than the value of males of the previous stage by 32.8%. The number of disulfide groups of protein origin in the small intestine of males three months after irradiation at a total dose of 1.0 Gy, relative to the same age control group animals, was 85.6% and at the same time was lower than the previous stage by 31.8%. Conclusions: 1.Under physiological conditions there are clear gender and age differences in the functional state of thiol-disulfide, glutathione redox system and acetylcholinesterase activity.Prolonged total γ-irradiation in the total dose of 0.75 and 1.0 Gy causes quite stable and profound changes in the functional state of the systems under study.The dependence of the detected changes on the time elapsed after radiation damage, the dose of γ-irradiation and the sex of the animals is clearly monitored.4. Females have been shown to be more radioresistant than males.
Assessment of physical activity of residents of Bydgoszcz using the international physical activity questionnaire IPAQ
Authors: Ziółkowska Anna , Kasperska Paulina , Oleksy Eliza , Stemplowski Wojciech , Zukow Xawery , Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Currently, we live in the age of promoting a healthy lifestyle and encouraging physical activity, which justifies conducting a survey on the level of physical activity of the population living in Bydgoszcz. The results of the observation carried out will allow for the analysis of changes in physical activity of Bydgoszcz residents over the years in the future.
Material and methods: 199 people living in Bydgoszcz, 97 women and 102 men participated in the study. The mean age of the respondents is 37.7 years, mean BMI: 25.84. The study was conducted using the Polish version of the IPAQ - Long version.
Results: 84.42% (n = 168) of respondents were physically active, 12.06% (n = 24) of respondents were sufficiently physically active, and 3.52% (n = 7) were insufficiently physically active.
Conclusions: The physical activity of the inhabitants of Bydgoszcz is at a high level, but the in-depth analysis of the results encourages the education in the aim to increase the level even more and to conduct more research.
Emerging micro-additive manufacturing technologies enabled by novel optical methods
Authors: Lin Wei , Chen Dihan , Chen Shih-Chi 
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advances in micro-additive manufacturing enabled by novel optical methods with an emphasis on photopolymerization-based printing processes. Additive manufacturing, also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has become an important engineering solution to construct customized components or functional devices at low cost. As a green manufacturing technology, 3D printing has the advantages of high energy efficiency, low material consumption, and high precision. The rapid advancement of 3D printing technology has broadened its applications from laboratory research to industrial manufacturing. Generally, 3D objects to be printed are constructed digitally [e.g., via computer-aided design (CAD) programs] by connecting a 3D dot array, where a dot is defined as a voxel through mechanical, electrical, or optical means. The voxel size ranges from a few orders of magnitude of the wavelength of light to the sub-diffraction limit, achieved by material nonlinearity and precise power thresholding. In recent years, extensive research in optical additive manufacturing has led to various breakthroughs in quality, rate, and reproducibility. In this paper, we review various micro-3D printing techniques, including single-photon and two-photon processes, with a focus on innovative optical methods, e.g., ultrafast beam shaping, digital holography, and temporal focusing. We also review and compare recent technological advances in serial and parallel scanning systems from the perspectives of resolution, rate, and repeatability, where the strengths and weaknesses of different methods are discussed for both fundamental and industrial applications.
“It Both Is and Isn’t My Life”
Authors: Anderst Leah 
Published: September 2020

From the perspective of autobiography studies and theory, the musical adaptation of Alison Bechdel’s important graphic memoir Fun Home is a fascinating case study. What of one’s life and experiences can one represent in words and in images? How much “fiction” might creep in given the imprecise nature of memory? How can one sign one’s name as the sole author of one’s life story when the often myriad people surrounding one contributed important pieces within one’s life—when all life writing is in fact relational? How, then, do these questions shift, in what new light can we see them, when an autobiographical text is adapted into another medium, by new writers, and performed nightly by actors? In particular, how does the musical and theatrical performance, experienced collectively, communicate experiences and feelings to an audience differently than does a book that one consumes alone? By comparing particular scenes and songs from the musical with their “source” scenes in Bechdel’s graphic memoir, this chapter will explore these questions paying close attention especially to scenes and strategies in each text that seem to call out for affective response and emotional connection from the audience and the reader.
From Perfect Hero to Murderous Villain
Authors: Mceniry Matthew 
Published: September 2020

In Superman: Red Son (2003), Mark Millar reimagines America’s fictional “Man of Steel” as the surrogate son and ideological heir of Joseph Stalin, Soviet Russia’s historical “man of steel.” In doing so, Millar and his collaborators reimagine the power dynamics of the Cold War and grapple with questions of villainy and heroism in such a redefined political landscape. This essay considers how, in separating Superman’s idealized morality from his ideological association with America, Red Son challenges the reader’s conceptions of “good” and “evil” and raises questions about leadership, hero worship, terrorism, and the influence of political ideologies on our ideas of ends versus means. This was particularly poignant in the three-issue series’ consideration of national security and mass surveillance, a theme that continues to be relevant even as it was especially effectual for the post-9/11 moment in which the series was released.
Owning It
Authors: Winslow J. D. A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper analyses the constructed reality TV show Made in Chelsea as a vision of a post-work world. Specifically I situate the programme as providing a more realistic vision of a post-work economy than that set out by left futurists advocating for fully automated luxury communism. Through an analysis of the depiction of work and play within the show it becomes apparent that any apparent boundaries between the two are rapidly collapsing, with both subsumed under the auspices of performative authenticity. I argue that increasing automation will more likely lead to fully automated luxury communicative capitalism, unless left futurists acknowledge the affective aspects of social media use.
Analisis Hubungan KarakteristiK Pasien Peserta BPJS dengan Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Peserta BPJS terhadap Pelayanan Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Darul Istiqomah Kendal
Authors: Hakim Fanny Ardhitunggal , Suryawati Chriswardani 
Published: September 2020

RS Muhammadiyah Darul Istiqomah Kendal merupakan RS tipe D yang ingin meningkatkan mutu pelayanannya setelah bekerjasama dengan BPJS Kesehatan. Peningkatan mutu pelayanan berhubungan erat dengan tingkat kepuasan pasien. Untuk mengukur tingkat kepuasan pasien ada sepuluh indikator yang dikembangkan Linder-pelz(1982) dalam krowinski antara lain accessibility/convenience;availability of resources; continuity of care; efficacy/outcomes of care; finances; humaneness; information gathering; information giving; pleasantness of surroundings; quality/competence.Desain penelitian ini cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, jumlah sampel 120 dengan mengukur tingkat kepuasan antara karakteristik pasien yang meliputi umur; jenis kelamin; pendidikan; pekerjaan; penghasilan; status kepesertaan JKN dengan 10 indikator yang dikembangkan Linder-pelz(1982).Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden merupakan pasien peserta BPJS PBI dengan berpenghasilan < 1500000. Rata-rata pasien puas terhadap pelayanan rawat inap. Indikator dengan skor kepuasan tertinggi adalah indikator quality/competence(87,5%) dan dimensi dengan skor kepuasan terendah adalah dimensi availability of Resources (61,66%). Penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis kelamin dengan kepuasan (p=0,304), dan antara usia dengan kepuasan (p=0, 346), ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pekerjaan dengan kepuasan, penghasilan dengan kepuasan, status kepesertaan BPJS dengan kepuasan, antara pendidikan dengan kepuasan (p=0,00).Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini untuk manajemen RSDI yang harus segera diprioritaskan Kesiap siagaan perawat, kelengkapan alat pemeriksaan kesehatan, kemudahan cara pembiayaan pelayanan, tidak adanya biaya tambahan untuk obat tertentu, keseragaman dalam pelayanan keperawatan, penyampaian informasi tindakan, penyampaian informasi keadaan klinis, kebersihan dan kenyamanan lingkungan RS dan kompetensi karyawan..
Gambaran Kepesertaan JKN Tahun 2019
Authors: Nurvita Silvia 
Published: September 2020

National Health Insurance (JKN) is a program of the National Social Security System with the principle of social health insurance that is mandatory for the Indonesian population under Law No. 40 of 2004. The National Health Insurance has been implemented by the BPJS since January 1, 2014. BPJS of Health is a public legal entity that coordinates directly under the President and in 2019 all Indonesian people have to become JKN participants to make Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The purpose of this study was to study the JKN participant in 2019. This study used a descriptive type of research. The subject of this study is the all population of Indonesia. This study will discuss the number of JKN participants, types of JKN participation, rights and obligations, procedures for registration, cost, and how to use a National Health Insurance card. The results of this study show data from BPJS of Health on August 8, 2014 that National Health Insurance participants 126,487,166 people from total population 257,5 million. JKN participation continues to increase every year until 2019. Data from BPJS Health of JKN participants as of April 1, 2019 amounted to 219,669,453 people with a total PBI-APBN 96,517,386 people, PBI-APBD 35,925,726 people, PPU – PN 17,279,621 people, PPU-BU 33,187,465 people, PBPU 31,600,985 people, and Not Workers 5,158,270 people. In 2019 all Indonesia people became JKN participants. The conclusion that the number of JKN participants continued to increase, April 1, 2019 JKN participants 219.669.453 people from total population 257,5 million and in 2019 Indonesia be expected UHC. Suggestions this research, companies that have not yet register their employees in JKN and people have not yet become JKN participants are immediately register through the office / website BPJS of Health or care center 1500400, Mobile JKN, e-DABU.
Drift – A change of perspective
Authors: Roelcke Thorsten 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing the example of the German language, this contribution discusses different models of a drift between synthetic and analytical construction. As an alternative to existing models, a design that combines different perspectives is presented. Linguistic developments are not viewed as monodirectional or even monocausal, but as polydirectional and polycausal so that the question of the direction and causality of typological changes is answered with the assumption of a complex structure of dependencies. This model of typological change integrates both extra-linguistic and intra-linguistic factors. On the one hand, developments in the cultural environment are made responsible for changes in the linguistic system, since these developments require a different communicative behavior of the members of the language community. On the other hand, the model also takes into account the principle of self-regulation of a linguistic system based on an optimal relationship between communicative effort and communicative result.