bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Perineural Invasion: A Prospective Study Examining Anatomic Site, Tumor Surface Diameter, Invasion Depth, and Grade of Differentiation in 1,772 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Pyne John H. , Myint Esther , Clark Simon P. , Gorji Maddie , Hou Ruihang 
Published: August 2020

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may present with perineural invasion (PNI).
Objective: To investigate the characteristics of early invasive SCC with or without PNI.
Methods: Consecutive SCC excisions were prospectively reviewed from a single Australian community-based practice for 2016-2018. Tumor characteristics recorded were anatomic site, maximum microscopic tumor surface diameter, invasion depth, grade of differentiation, and diameter of nerves with PNI.
Results: In total, 1,772 cases were collected. No PNI cases were found on female patients. Seven of the total 10 PNI cases were on facial sites. Maximum average microscopic tumor surface diameters ranged from 10.1 mm (well differentiated) up to 11.0 mm (moderately differentiated). Maximum average invasion depths by differentiation ranged from 1.7 (well differentiated) up to 2.6 mm (poorly differentiated). The PNI cases were as follows: well differentiated (n = 0), moderately differentiated (n = 4), or poorly differentiated (n = 6). Minimum average histopathological margins for well, moderately, and poorly differentiated SCC, respectively, were 1.4, 1.1, and 1.3 mm. Minimum microscopic tumor surface diameters for PNI cases were 7 mm for moderately and 5 mm for poorly differentiated SCC. Minimum microscopic invasion depths for PNI cases were 2.2 mm for moderate and 0.9 mm for poor differentiation.
Conclusions: We found early SCC with PNI displayed nerve diameters of 0.1 mm or less and were exclusively on male patients aged 60 or older, on chronically sun-exposed sites of the head and upper midline anterior chest. Histopathological features associated with PNI were moderate and poor differentiation, tumor invasion beyond 0.9 mm, and adjacent lymphocytosis.
Increasing methane (CH4) emissions and altering rhizosphere microbial diversity in paddy soil by combining Chinese milk vetch and rice straw
Authors: Ma Qiaoying , Li Jiwei , Aamer Muhammad , Huang Guoqin 
Published: August 2020

Background
Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) can improve paddy soil fertility and ecology through nitrogen fixation, but it can also increase greenhouse gas emissions. Our primary objective was to investigate how Chinese milk vetch, rice straw, and nitrogen fertilization affect the methane and microbial components of the rice rhizosphere.

Methods
We examined the rhizosphere’s methane emissions and microbial abundance and diversity after incorporating Chinese milk vetch and rice straw into paddy soil. We used high-throughput sequencing of the 16s rRNA and ITS1 genes to study changes in the bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Over the course of our experiment, we applied seven different treatments to the paddy soil: conventional fertilization (the control treatment) for winter fallow crops, three levels of nitrogen in Chinese milk vetch, and three levels of nitrogen in Chinese milk vetch combined with rice straw.

Results
Rice yield and methane emissions increased during cultivation when the soil was treated with Chinese milk vetch with and without added straw. The nitrogen application also affected the methane fluxes. Alpha diversity measurements showed that Chinese milk vetch increased the diversity of the soil fungal community but did not significantly affect the bacterial community. Chinese milk vetch affected the rhizosphere microorganism communities by increasing the number of Methanomicrobia.
Pro-Agripreneurial Factors for the Formation of Agri-startups in India
Authors: Vijayan Bhagya , Shivkumar P. Sethuraman 
Published: August 2020

India has one of the largest Startup ecosystem in the World catering to approximately 10,000 Startups spanning from IT, finance to services. Since 2015, India’s startup ecosystem has steadily matured with the startups diversifying their focus across a myriad of economic segments and has embraced technological innovation to meet the country’s unique challenges. Indian ease of doing business ranking is 63rd in the World Bank Ease of Doing Business Index Report 2020. The Agriculture in India is witnessing a massive transformation with the focus on shifting to creating sustainable businesses to support the farmers. With the business focus, the agri-startups are leveraging opportunities in areas such as increasing crop production, improving the nutritional value of the crops, reduction in input prices for farmers, improving the overall process-driven supply chain, and reducing wastage in the distribution system, among others. They are also creating market linkages through retailing, B2C (Business to customer) and B2B (business to busines) market place management. This work reflects upon the deciding or the proactive factors contributing to the formation of Agri-startups spearheaded by youth in India.
Vision-related Quality of Life among Adult Patients with Visual Impairment at a Tertiary Eye Centre, South-South Nigeria
Authors: Ezeh Ernest I. , Ezeh Roseline N. 
Published: August 2020

Aim: To determine the vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) and associated factors among adult patients with visual impairment.
Study Design: It was a cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria, between August 2015 and March 2016.
Methodology: We consecutively recruited 270 patients aged 18 to 90 years with visual impairment. Presenting visual acuity was assessed to determine the degree of visual impairment, anterior segment and posterior segment examinations as well as refraction were done to establish clinical diagnosis, and an interviewer National Eye Institute’s 25-itemVisual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) was administered to estimate the vision-related quality of life (VRQOL). Data was entered into and analyzed with SPSS for Windows version 20. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean, standard deviation, and range with 95% confidence interval were calculated and the Chi square (χ2) test for categorical variables and the Student’s t-test for continuous variables were used for test of significance, p value <0.05. ANOVA test, including Post-hoc analysis were used to determine associations between categorical and numerical variables at p value <0.05.
Results: A total of 270 study subjects participated in the study. The study participants included 152(56.3%) males and 118(43.7%) females, with Mean age ± SD was 51.07±16.91 years. Based on the intra study categorization of VRQOL among the study participants, most (85.6%) had good VRQOL. However, the overall mean VRQOL score was remarkably low 41.23±22.87. The proportion of poor VRQOL was 39 (14.4%). The poor VRQOL was significantly associated with blindness 11.60±19.10 (p < 0.001). Age ≥80 years [44.0(95% CI: 27.4-60.7)], rural residents [64.9(95% CI: 58.7-71.1)], no formal education [48.5(95% CI: 33.5-63.5)] and widowhood [48.0(95% CI: 32.4-60.7)] had statistically significant association with low mean VRQOL scores.
Conclusion: Above three-fourth of the participants had good VRQOL, with reference to the categorization of in this study. However, the overall mean VRQOL score was remarkably low. Blindness, older age, rural residency, illiteracy, widowhood, agricultural workers and Ibo ethnicity had a statistically significant association with low vision-related quality of life.
Biodiversity of Soil Microorganisms and their Effects on Disease Management at Black Pepper Farms in Gia Lai Province
Authors: Nguyen Thi Huyen , Nguyen Anh Dzung , Vinh Nguyen Quang 
Published: August 2020

Research on soil ecological systems, such as the soil characteristics and properties of the soil micro-flora system, is essential in the sustainable production of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.).The role of using beneficial microorganisms in the sustainable production of black pepper is in increase because many people are being aware of the hazards associated with consuming products with chemical substances. Twenty-seven soil samples were collected from Chu Se, Chu Prong and Duc Co district of Gia Lai province to determine the relationships between the ecological system, pathogenic fungi and nematodes in black pepper farms. The obtained results showed that the soil micro flora community was quite diverse. The average total density microorganism in Duc Co district, Chu Prong district and Chu Se district was of 8.41x106 CFU/g, 6.76x106 CFU/g and 8.91x106 CFU/g, respectively. The density of average total beneficial microorganisms in Duc Co district, Chu Prong district and Chu Se district was of 20.03x104 CFU/g, 14.25x104 CFU/g and 17.62x104 CFU/g, respectively. The use of organic fertilizers is common to the farms where high microbial densities were recorded. The relationship between the density of beneficial microorganisms (Nitrogen fixing bacteria, Phosphorus soluble bacteria, Cellulose degradation bacteria) and the density of fungal pathogens and nematodes was negatively correlated with R = - 0.84 and R = - 0.81 respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that the density of beneficial microorganisms in the soil and the incidence of diseases in orchards were negatively correlated (R = - 0.69). This study proposes that the correlation between the basic factor of soil ecological system with pathogenic fungi and nematodes plays a very important role in biological control and the sustainable production of black pepper.
Hematology of 2, 4 (Dinitrophenyl Hydrazine) Induced Anaemic Rat Administered with Ficus capensis Fruits and Leave Extract
Authors: Umerah N. N. , Okoye J. I. , Asouzu A. I. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Anemia is regarded as public health challenge and is predominant in developing countries due to nutritional deficiencies.
Aim/Objectives: The study was carried out to evaluate the biological properties of Ficus capensis fruits and vegetables on some haematological parameters in 2, 4 (dinitrophenyl hydrazine) induced anemic rat.
Materials and Methods: Ficus capensis leaves and fruits were separately plucked, sorted cleaned. Twenty male adult rats were purchased from the Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each on the basis of body weight. The rats in all the groups received 2, 4-DNPH (20 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 7 days to induce anaemia. Group I were fed rat chow alone, group 2 were fed rat chow with ferrous sulphate, group 3 were fed rat chow with Ficus capensis leaves extract and group 4 were fed rat chow with Ficus capensis seed extract. The aqueous extracts of the leaves and fruits were tested for haematinic effects in albino rats. Blood parameters such as Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, White Blood Cell (WBC) count and Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) were measured.
Results: The result showed that the mean PCV baseline of the rats were (38.72-39.24%), mean PCV of anemic rats (33.01- 34.60%) and the mean PCV of the rats after test of recovery were group 1 (34.10%), group 2 (51.81%), group 3 (40.20%) and group 4 (38.20%).The result showed that the mean HB baseline of the rats were (9.67-10.47 g/dl), mean HB of anemic rats (6.50- 7.10 g/dl) and the mean HB of the rats after test of recovery were group 1 (6.51 g/dl), group 2 (12.32 g/dl), group 3 (9.73 g/dl) and group 4 (9.69 g/dl). The results of the effect of the extracts on the haematological parameters indicated that oral administration of the aqueous extract of Ficus capensis leaves and fruits after 22 days exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) increase in haematinic activity by increasing the blood parameters Hb, PCV, WBC and RBC.
Zero Budget Natural Farming in India: Aiming Back to the Basics
Authors: Biswas Saikat 
Published: August 2020

Crisis of Indian agriculture is very pertinent at this moment as green revolution is gradually losing its hope. Excessive, pointless exploitation of broods of green revolution has left bad footprints on country’s food security and environmental safety. With the motto to ensure food security by reviving Indian agriculture in environmentally safe way as well as to release farmers from debt cycle and suicides, zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) has come in the picture, which discards uses of all the chemical farming inputs and relies on natural way of farming i.e. rejuvenating soil and crop health through its own practices (Jivamrita, Bijamrita, mulching, soil aeration, intercropping, crop diversification, bunds, bio-pesticides etc.). ZBNF movement right now is the most popular agrarian movement which begun in 2002 in Karnataka and later successfully spread in many states (specially, of South India) of the nation through numbers of trainings, demonstrations and various promotional activities. Successful outcomes from farmers’ fields of south Indian states like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka etc. are encouraging and grabbing attention of farmers, public and private organisations towards ZBNF in recent times. Yet, various controversies regarding its transparency, inadequate information, efficacy, practices, idealisms, even the term ‘zero budget’ etc. have agglutinated around ZBNF over the years since it debuted. Critics in fact have cited several references of drastic yield reductions with ZBNF practices in many places. Adequate scientific evaluation or monitoring of ZBNF’s successes or failures through multi-locational trials is now therefore the needful before allowing or restraining its run in Indian agriculture.
Effect of Lockdown amid COVID-19 Pandemic on Weather Parameters of Mid Hill Region of Jammu District of J&K, UT
Authors: Singh Mahinder , Vikas Vishaw , Sharma Charu , Sharma Rohit 
Published: August 2020

Aim: A study was conducted in mid hill region of Jammu district, J&K to analyze the impact lockdown amid covid-19 pandemic on weather parameters so as to define it as a tool to mitigate the pace of climate change.
Methodology: Day and night temperature readings were recorded fortnightly during 22nd March to 10th June 2020 from maximum and minimum thermometer, relative humidity from dry and wet bulb thermometers in stevenson screen, rainfall values from ordinary rain gauge, evaporation readings from pan evaporimeter and soil temperature at different depth from soil thermometers.
Results: After analyzing the data statistically using “Descriptive statistics” in MS-Excel 2010, it was observed that after the implementation of lockdown and with the beginning of unlock down the change in day temperature was -8.07% from normal mean value, night temperature was -4.44% from normal mean value, rainfall pattern was 30.00% more from normal mean value, Relative Humidity (morning) pattern was 6.94% more from normal mean value, relative humidity (evening) pattern was 20.94% more from normal mean value, evaporation pattern was 7.66% more from normal mean value. The average change in soil temperature in morning at 5 cm, 10 cm and 20 cm depth was -3.46%, -3.84% and -7.23% as compared to year 2019 (22nd March to 10th June 2019) mean value and the change in soil temperature in evening at same depths was -7.69%, -6.31% and -4.14% from year 2019 (22nd March to 10th June 2019).
Conclusion: With the variable significant pattern observed in almost all parameters, it can be concluded that lockdown might be an effective tool in mitigating pace of climate change in future.
Impact of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Role of Gut Hormones Peptide Tyrosine Tyrosine and Glucagon Like Peptide 1on Remission of Diabetes
Authors: Zayed Heba H. , Sabry Karim , Abdelraouf Yasser M , Salah Wessam M. , Wahab Ingy Abdel , Sheikh Mabrouk R EL- 
Published: August 2020

Our Study Aimed: To investigate the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on obese T2DM patients, its effect in remission of diabetes and role of gastrointestinal Glucagon like peptide 1(GLP1) and Peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) hormones. Metabolic surgery should be recommended as an option in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) with body mass index (BMI) ≥40 Kg/m2, in patients who have BMI ≥35 Kg/m2 and in selected patients with BMI < 35 Kg/m2, if not achieving diabetes control with maximum tolerated anti-hyperglycemic treatment.
Methods: 30 T2DM patients with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy after full clinical evaluation, routine blood tests, glucagon like peptide 1, Peptide tyrosine tyrosine (fasting, 0.5-hour post-mixed meal test (MMT) serum levels) and upper GIT endoscopy. Follow-up visits were at 3, 6 and 9 months postoperatively to evaluate body weight, BMI and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and at 18th month for confirmation of diabetes remission. Gut hormones were measured at 15 days and 9 months postoperatively.
Results: (53.3%) of patients had partial remission of T2DM according to HbA1C remission criteria. There was significant increase in fasting and post-MMT levels of peptide tyrosine tyrosine, glucagon like peptide 1 postoperatively. The only independent predictors for remission of T2DM were the baseline serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Ch), duration of diabetes, preoperative post MMT Peptide tyrosine tyrosine plasma level, serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and age.
Conclusions: laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy can induce partial remission of diabetes in younger patients who had shorter duration of diabetes, higher level of preoperative post-MMT peptide tyrosine tyrosine, lower levels of preoperative serum LDL-Ch and thyroid stimulating hormone.
Recent Developments of Biomaterials for Additive Manufacturing of Bone Scaffolds
Authors: Chen You , Li Weilin , Zhang Chao , Wu Zhaoying , Liu Jie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent years have witnessed surging demand for bone repair/regeneration implants due to the increasing number of bone defects caused by trauma, cancer, infection, and arthritis worldwide. In addition to bone autografts and allografts, biomaterial substitutes have been widely used in clinical practice. Personalized implants with precise and personalized control of shape, porosity, composition, surface chemistry, and mechanical properties will greatly facilitate the regeneration of bone tissue and satiate the clinical needs. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, also known as 3D printing, are drawing fast growing attention in the fabrication of implants or scaffolding materials due to their capability of manufacturing complex and irregularly shaped scaffolds in repairing bone defects in clinical practice. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the development of materials and techniques used in the additive manufacturing of bone scaffolds. In addition, clinical application, pre‐clinical trials and future prospects of AM based bone implants are also summarized and discussed.
Stone–Wales Defects Cause High Proton Permeability and Isotope Selectivity of Single‐Layer Graphene
Authors: An Yun , Oliveira Augusto F. , Brumme Thomas , Kuc Agnieszka , Heine Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile the isotope‐dependent hydrogen permeability of graphene membranes at ambient condition has been demonstrated, the underlying mechanism has been controversially discussed during the past 5 years. The reported room‐temperature proton‐over‐deuteron (H+‐over‐D+) selectivity is 10, much higher than in any competing method. Yet, it has not been understood how protons can penetrate through graphene membranes—proposed hypotheses include atomic defects and local hydrogenation. However, neither can explain both the high permeability and high selectivity of the atomically thin membranes. Here, it is confirmed that ideal graphene is quasi‐impermeable to protons, yet the most common defect in sp2 carbons, the topological Stone–Wales defect, has a calculated penetration barrier below 1 eV and H+‐over‐D+ selectivity of  7 at room temperature and, thus, explains all experimental results on graphene membranes that are available to date. The competing explanation, local hydrogenation, which also reduces the penetration barrier, but shows significantly lower isotope selectivity, is challenged.
Tocilizumab–Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for NIR‐II Photoacoustic‐Imaging‐Guided Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Chen Jingqin , Qi Ji , Chen Chao , Chen Jianhai , Liu Liangjian , Gao Rongkang , Zhang Tiantian , Song Liang , Ding Dan , Zhang Peng , Liu Chengbo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe progressive debilitating nature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) combined with its unknown etiology and initial similarity to other inflammatory diseases makes early diagnosis a significant challenge. Early recognition and treatment of RA is essential for achieving effective therapeutic outcome. NIR‐II photoacoustic (PA) molecular imaging (PMI) is emerging as a promising new strategy for effective diagnosis and treatment guidance of RA, owing to its high sensitivity and specificity at large penetration depth. Herein, an antirheumatic targeted drug tocilizumab (TCZ) is conjugated to polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) to develop the first NIR‐II theranostic nanoplatform, named TCZ‐PNPs, for PA‐imaging‐guided therapy of RA. The TCZ‐PNPs are demonstrated to have strong NIR‐II extinction coefficient, high photostability and excellent biocompatibility. NIR‐II PMI results reveal the excellent targeting abilities of TCZ‐PNPs for the effective noninvasive diagnosis of RA joint tissue with a high signal‐to noise ratio (SNR) of 35.8 dB in 3D PA tomography images. Remarkably, one‐month treatment and PA monitoring using TCZ‐PNPs shows RA is significantly suppressed. In addition, the therapeutic evaluation of RA mice by NIR‐II PMI is shown to be consistent with clinical micro‐CT and histological analysis. The TCZ‐PNPs‐assisted NIR‐II PMI provides a new strategy for RA theranostics, therapeutic monitoring and the beyond.
Spontaneous Mosaics of Charge Formed by Liquid Evaporation
Authors: Moreira Kelly S. , Lermen Diana , da Campo Yan A. Santos , Ferreira Leticia O. , Burgo Thiago A. L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCommonly used liquids have a powerful effect on producing electrostatic patterns in dielectric surfaces. During evaporation, charges are built‐up on dielectric surfaces that support liquids but with an important difference: negative charges appear where the liquid evaporates while positive ones are formed within the residual liquid. After complete evaporation, the result is a mosaic of stable and fixed surface charges resulting in electrostatic potential gradients as large as 20 kV m−1, but charge partitioning can be suppressed with common surfactants. The results can be understood considering the Maxwell–Wagner effect where charge accumulation takes place during current flowing across the interface. All these findings help to explain the hitherto challenging problem of static electricity and the appearance of the ubiquitous electrostatic patterns in dielectrics, what it must be helpful for the controlling of electrostatic charges in industry or in common laboratory activities.