bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a modified nano clay and nano graphene on rheology, stability of water-in-oil emulsion, and filtration control ability of oil-based drilling fluids: a comparative experimental approach
Authors: Nooripoor Vahid , Hashemi Abdolnabi 
Published: June 2020

During the past decade, researchers have used different Nano-Particles (NPs) due to their unique characteristics for improving formulation of Oil-Based Drilling Fluids (OBDFs). This study is the first research that investigates the effect of a Modified Nano Clay (MNC), namely CLOISITE 5 and non-functionalized Nano Graphene (NG) on rheology, electrical/emulsion stability, and filtration control ability, as the main properties of OBDFs. Initially, five concentrations of both NPs (0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt%) were added separately into an NP-free OBDF (the base fluid). Then, rheological properties and electrical stability of all prepared fluids were measured at three 90, 140, and 180 °F temperatures. Moreover, filtration test was carried out under 500 psi (3447 kPa) differential pressure and exposed to 300 °F temperature for all fluids. Since experimentally measured shear stresses followed well both Herschel Bulkley (shear-thinning) and Bingham Plastic models, effects of temperature and the NPs concentration on both model parameters are investigated more deeply in the paper. Activation energies calculated from Arrhenius model showed that MNC is more effective than NG on reducing the dependency of apparent and plastic viscosities of the base fluid on temperature. MNC, due to its amphiphilic structure, significantly stabilizes water-in-oil emulsion at all temperatures and concentrations, but NG with high electrical conductivity reduces the emulsion stability. The nanofluids containing 0.5 wt% MNC and 0.25 wt% NG which have respectively 32.6% and 43.5% fewer filtrate volumes than the base fluid, were considered as the optimal nanofluids from controlling filtration into formation aspect. Finally, MNC is applicable to enhance the formulation of the OBDF through supporting its commercial viscosifier, emulsifiers, and fluid loss control agent, but the negative effect of NG on emulsion stability limits its application.
Участь Арабської Республіки Єгипет у протидії тероризму на Близькому Сході за президентства А. Ф. ас-Сісі
Authors: Tykhonenko Iryna , Khrystodorova Yuliia 
Published: June 2020

У статті здійснено спробу аналізу участі Єгипту в протидії тероризму на Близькому Сході, що визначено одним із пріоритетів зовнішньополітичної стратегії держави за президентства А. Ф. ас-Сісі. Виявлено, що зовнішня політика Єгипту детермінується проблемами внутрішньополітичного розвитку після подій «Арабської весни». У протидії тероризму у регіоні Єгипет долучається до міждержавного співробітництва, бере участь у спільних військових навчаннях, антитерористичних операціях. Зокрема, заручившись підтримкою впливових країн в регіоні (Арабські Емірати та Саудівська Аравія) намагається посилити свій авторитет на Близькому Сході.
Stroke in the newborn. Clinical report and literature review
Authors: Jakuškienė R. , Joneliūnaitė V. , Jucevičiūtė U. 
Published: June 2020

Background. Stroke in the newborn or perinatal stroke (PS) is an acute brain ischemia with the duration up to the first 28 days of life with neurological symptoms or without them. Therefore, the diagnostics in clinical practice can become tricky due to misleading expression of this clinical syndrome. Whilst rare (1 in 1600-4000 cases), PS has 6 times higher prevalence in newborns compared to older children. Consequently, slight neurological symptoms such as convulsions, changes or asymmetry in muscle tone, exaggeration, weakening or disappearance of primitive reflexes should be taken into account urgently. According to American Heart Association’s studies in 2019, two thirds of perinatal victims have neurological disability or delayed mental performance.Case report. In this article we present a clinical case of perinatal ischemic stroke and literature review. We analyze acute brain ischemia in a newborn which developed during the first 12-24 hours of life with severe neurological symptoms and involved the area of the right internal carotid artery. Apart from “fencing reflex” and feeding rejection, epilepsy was not marked in the history of PS onset. The doctors agreed on the diagnosis based on neurosonography and computed tomography results, and the decision of performing craniotomy was made due to the risk of hemorrhagic stroke.Conclusions. Diagnosing perinatal stroke is a crucial and difficult task for all pediatricians because of its poor clinical expression and the necessity of urgent actions in order to avoid long term outcomes. Hence, thorough neurological exam and neuroimaging is an essential point in early diagnostics. Clinical practice reveals that there are no common guidelines to diagnose and manage perinatal stroke as an extremely urgent pathology which has a significant impact on a child’s further mental development.
The diagnosis and treatment of migraine among medical students in 2010–2011 and 2019
Authors: Bacevičiūtė E. , Ekkert A. , Noreikaitė K. , Ryliškienė K. 
Published: June 2020

Background. Migraine prevalence in Lithuania is 18.8%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of migraine, quality of life, professionally confirmed diagnosis rate, and treatment among medical students (aged 18-28 years) in 2010-11 and in 2019.Materials and methods. 478 Vilnius university medicine and odontology students participated in the anonymous survey. 252 students were queried in 2010-11 study (aged 23.0±7.8) and 226 in 2019 (aged 23.0±1.5). Questionnaire consisted of questions, based on headache characteristics, triggers, impact on life, presence of confirmed diagnosis, and treatment. The data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software, a p value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results. Based on questionnaire, prevalence of migraine with and without aura remained stable between the periods of 2010-11 (27.8%) and 2019 (27.9%) (p=0.98); women were affected more often (p=0.02). Pain remained moderately intense (p=0.07), but migraine disability worsened over the time (p=0.01). Migraine was professionally diagnosed more often in 2019 (10% vs. 25.4%, p=0.03); increased use of specific acute therapy (5.7% vs. 19%, p=0.03) and prophylaxis (0% vs 9.6%, p=0.003) was observed. Likelihood of diagnosis significantly increased with more intense pain (OR=2.7, p=0.006) and aura (OR=2.7, p=0.037). Presence of confirmed diagnosis was an independent determinant of increased triptans (OR=6.9, p=0.012) and prophylaxis (OR=30.3, p=0.036) use.Conclusions. Comparing the 2010-11 and 2019 periods, migraine prevalence is similar. Pain remains to be valued as moderate, but quality of life has worsened. Prevalence of professionally diagnosed migraine has increased over the time, what was accompanied by an increased use of triptans and prophylaxis, however, migraine still remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.
Studies of clinical symptoms of panleukopenia in cats in the Donetsk People’s Republic
Authors: Berdyukova I. V. , Rudenko P. A. 
Published: June 2020

Feline panleukopenia is a highly contagious viral disease of the members of the family Felidae caused by a DNA-virus of the family Parvoviridae. After infection, the virus is detected in saliva, nasal discharge, urine and feces; it is transmitted through excrements, water, food, and, according to some reports, by bloodsucking insects. The disease is characterized by gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, hematopoietic tissue lesions. The paper describes the clinical signs of panleukopenia in cats in the territory of the Donetsk People’s Republic. Based on the records of a state-financed veterinary hospital and a charitable animal shelter located in the town of Yasinovataya, as well as those of private veterinary clinics and a veterinary office located in Donetsk, a classification of the clinical signs of the disease in pet and stray cats is suggested with the signs grouped according to their occurrence rate and by age groups. The paper provides evidence of feline panleukopenia occurrence in the territory of the Donetsk People’s Republic. In particular, the period from 2015 to 2018 was characterized by an increase in panleukopenia morbidity in stray animals; pet cats were also involved in the epidemic process. It was found that most of the clinical symptoms of panleukopenia were reported in cats of all age categories irrespective of their sex. Specific symptoms characteristic for different age groups were reported. It was found that panleukopenia morbidity rates for stray kittens aged 0–12 months were 1.8 times higher than those for pet kittens of the same age group. The disease was reported in adult pet cats 2.4 times less frequently than in stray cats. It is shown that the number of the disease cases in female cats is 1.5 times higher than in male ones. It is concluded that the violation of quarantine rules and insufficient vaccination coverage in cats are risk factors for the disease outbreak occurrence precipitating the multiple recurrent outbreaks of the disease.
Agr-typing of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolated from non-human primates
Authors: Kalashnikova V. A. 
Published: June 2020

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a microorganism that causes a great number of diseases in humans and animals, including sepsis, pneumonia, food toxicoinfections, wound abscess, etc. Numerous studies on genotyping S. aureus strains isolated from humans, food and mastitis in cattle and small ruminants have been carried out. The lack of information on the genotyping of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus detected in monkeys served as a stimulus to conduct a similar research, since staphylococcal infections in the primates are widespread. The present study is devoted to molecular genetic testing of S. aureus isolated from different biological samples taken from monkeys and is based on typing of agr polymorphic locus which acts as a regulator of pathogenic gene expression. As a result of PCR analysis of 301 S. aureus isolates it was established that most of S. aureus belonged to agr IV (55%), and agr I (34%) was the second most group. Data resulting from the study differ from the results of other researchers published in literary sources, who performed typing of salmonella isolated from people with agr I prevailing. In conducting the study, neither distinct correlation between microbial isolation source and agr complex groups, nor relationship between the diseases and S. aureus group specificity were detected. Prevalence ratio of each agr group is nearly similar in S. aureus isolated from rhesus macaques and crab-eating macaques. But in hamadryas baboons and green monkeys II and III groups of agr complex were not detected.
Studies of biofilms and phenotypic characteristics of Candida fungi
Authors: Lenchenko E. M. , Sachivkina N. P. 
Published: June 2020

Yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida are causative agents of the infectious pathology of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, urogenital tracts and skin of mammals, sepsis, and disseminated infection in birds. The search and testing of multilevel algorithms for biofilm identification when exposed to chemotherapeutic and disinfectant drugs for blocking the synthesis or destruction of the intercellular matrix in the development of superficial, deep and systemic candidiasis of animals are relevant for developing and improving diagnostic and antiepidemic measures. It was established that the formation of biofilm heterogeneous structure comprises multiple stages implementing the processes of intercellular communication due to the synthesis of a polymer matrix composites. Optical microscopy revealed a three-dimensional structure of biofilms in the form of a dense network consisting of yeast cells, hyphal and pseudohyphalic forms surrounded by an intercellular polymer matrix. Candida spp. pathogenicity factors contribute to infection of susceptible species due to adhesion, invasion, secretion of hydrolases, dimorphism. Formation of mono-species or poly-species biofilms of microorganisms, including Candida spp., causes the development of superficial, deep and systemic candidiasis. Detection of a large amount of yeast and micellar phases in C. albicans and C. africana isolates was a differential sign of a significant degree of colonization of the mucous membranes of the larynx, pharynx, and tonsils in case of local and systemic pathologies in pigs. The results of studies of the biofilm heterogeneous structure and phenotypic signs of yeast-like fungi can be used in a comparative study of biological characteristics and the identification of common patterns and differential signs of microorganisms, optimization of mycological diagnostics, and also in the development of antimycotic drugs.
Serological monitoring of avian influenza and Newcastle disease in the Russian Federation in 2019
Authors: Volkova M. A. , Chvala I. A. , Osipova O. S. , Kulagina M. A. , Andreychuk D. B. , Chvala I. A. 
Published: June 2020

More than 30,000 samples of blood serum from domestic, wild and synanthropic birds from 50 regions of the Russian Federation were submitted to the FGBI “ARRIAH” (Vladimir) Reference Laboratory for Avian Viral Diseases to be tested for avian influenza and Newcastle disease within the framework of monitoring activities conducted by the Rosselkhoznadzor in 2019. As a result of the laboratory diagnosis, antibodies to type A influenza virus were detected in vaccinated chickens from two poultry farms in the Perm and Primorsky Krais (A/N9). The detected antibodies were specific to the haemagglutinin subtype of the vaccine antigen. As for the backyards in the RF Subjects, where scheduled vaccination against avian influenza A/H5 is carried out, a low level of immunity was seen in the Rostov and Astrakhan Oblasts (35 and 44%, respectively) while a high level of immunity was observed in the Republic of Altai, Krasnodar Krai, the Chechen Republic and the Primorsky Krai (69, 78, 80 and 88%, respectively). High seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus in adult poultry in indoor holdings was associated with mass vaccination against the disease. In broiler chickens, post-vaccination antibodies were observed, on average, in 42% of the studied blood serum samples. Antibodies to the Newcastle disease virus were detected in 39% of samples from backyard chickens. Seroprevalence in wild and synanthropic birds was high. The obtained results suggest that the risk of introduction and spread of avian influenza and Newcastle disease in industrial poultry farms and in backyards remains.
Avian mycoplasmosis monitoring in the Russian Federation in 2019
Authors: Menshchikova A. E. , Brundakova T. N. , Volkov M. S. , Irza V. N. 
Published: June 2020

Under the conditions of intensive poultry farming and high concentration of poultry in a limited area mycoplasmoses cause significant economic damage to commercial poultry farming. Of greatest interest are respiratory mycoplasmosis and infectious synovitis, the causative agents of which are Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae, respectively. Considering that both diseases are included in the OIE list of notifiable diseases, it is necessary to perform constant control for their spread. The paper presents an analysis of serological test results for antibodies to mycoplasmosis agents in 2019. Six respiratory mycoplasmosis positive samples – and 129 infectious synovitis positive samples were detected when testing 2,401 chicken serum samples by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results of monitoring tests of samples received from 31 poultry farms (nine RF Subjects) indicate a decrease in the number of Mycoplasma gallisepticuminfected stocks and stable Mycoplasma synoviae situation. The respiratory mycoplasmosis epidemic situation on indoor poultry farms might have improved due to obtaining the poultry for commercial parent stocks from mycoplasmosis-free sources, better sanitary and hygienic conditions, elimination of the disease provoking factors, and the use of the disease-specific means of prevention in the parent broiler stocks. The infectious synovitis situation remains tense despite the fact that the number of Мycoplasma synoviae-infected farms decreased in comparison with the monitoring results for 2015–2018. Most seropositive stocks were detected on the layer farms (50.0% – in 2019). It seems appropriate to increase the amount of tests to be performed and the number of farms covered by testing in 2020 to more fully present the disease spread situation in commercial poultry farming in Russia.
Developing intrauterine growth curve from two Mayan populations in Guatemala
Authors: Garduno Alexis C , Srikanth Priya , Burket Brent A 
Published: June 2020

Background The purpose of this study was to develop an equation for estimating gestational age using fetal ultrasound measurements specific to women living in the villages of Santiago Atitlán (SA) and San Lucas Tolimán (SLT), which sit in the Guatemalan highlands. Methods This study was a prospective observational study of a Guatemalan obstetric population. Cross-sectional design was used to collect baseline maternal characteristics, whereas fetal ultrasound measurements were collected longitudinally. Guatemalan women were continuously enrolled in this study from January 2010 to May 2013 from four clinics based in SA and SLT. Forward selection and mixed-effect modeling techniques were used. Guatemalan data were extrapolated to the Skupski linear mixed effect model, which was developed using ultrasounds obtained in the United States. Results 894 Guatemalan women enrolled in this study, with 460 of these women had known ultrasound biometrics. In the final model, 285 women contributed 376 ultrasound measurements, where the average number of ultrasound visits was slightly more than one visit. Conclusions The intrauterine growth curve generated from these two Mayan populations had notable divergence at later gestation from Skupski curve. This difference may be related to a genetic predisposition, selection bias, environmental factor, or other confounding unidentified variable. Application of this formula longitudinally would help to verify these findings and provide further clarification to the etiology of this possible difference.
Living arrangements and food security of a sample of older Palestinian refugees in Lebanon
Authors: Sahyoun Nadine R. , Sassine Anniebelle , Vaudin Anna , Sakr-Ashour Fayrouz , Ghattas Hala 
Published: June 2020

Background Although we know of the relationship between food insecurity, poor dietary intake and health outcomes, there are limited studies examining the determinants of food insecurity in older adults in developing countries. This study describes the living arrangement and characteristics of protracted Palestinian refugees in Lebanon aged 60 years and older and, the status and determinants of household food insecurity. Methods Two surveys, representative of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon (2010 and 2015), were appended and used to examine living arrangement of older adults and household food security. Our final pooled sample included 5412 households and 24,540 individuals. Of these individuals, 10.85% (n=2663) were adults aged 60 years and older, our population of interest. Living arrangement included 1) households with no older adults, 2) multigenerational households that included at least one older adult, 3) older adults living alone, with spouse or with another older person (single households). Food security was collected using two similar questionnaires that were equated and scores were used to classify households into food secure, moderately and severely food insecure. Means and proportions were used to examine household characteristics and sociodemographic and health variables of older adults by living arrangements. Logistic regression tested determinants of food insecurity. Results About 27% of older adults lived in single households and of those living alone, 94.3% were women. Overall, poverty was highly prevalent in households (57%) and only 38% of households were food secure. However, poverty and food insecurity were significantly less prevalent in single households (P<0.0001) and these were also the highest recipients of welfare and remittances. Conclusions Successful interventions to address poverty and food insecurity will require a better understanding of family structure, interactions within the household, and the role that older adults play within the family.
Lung and gallbladder cancer survival in north India: an ambidirectional feasibility cohort study using telephone interviews
Authors: Shridhar Krithiga , Kapoor Rakesh , Goodman Michael , Kondal Dimple , Narang Kavita , Singh Preeti , Thakur Jarnail S , Dhillon Preet K 
Published: June 2020

Background We report the feasibility of using telephones for active surveillance of cancer survival and also present absolute survival rate and its predictors for lung cancer (LC) and gallbladder cancer (GBC) in north India. To date, such information from resource intensive settings is limited. Methods Study participants were 530 men and women (259 LC and 271 GBC), registered at ‘Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research’, Chandigarh. Eligible patients were diagnosed with LC or GBC between ages 30 and 69 years during a five-year period from January 1 2010 through December 31 2014, and had a valid telephone number. Information on socio-demographic factors, disease characteristics and treatment status was abstracted from medical records. Participants (or their family/relatives) were followed-up with telephone interviews (March 1 2016 to July 31 2016) to ascertain vital status. Absolute 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method; weighted Cox Proportional Hazards regression multivariable models were used to evaluate determinants of survival while accounting for losses to follow up. Results Over two-thirds of the participants or their families (66.7%) were successfully followed-up via telephone calls. Survival analysis included 354 participants (N=175 LC; 179 GBC) with 326 deaths observed during follow up (N=158 LC; 168 GBC). Absolute survival rates (expressed as percentages with 95% confidence intervals) for LC were 36.7 (29.5-44.7), 10.2 (6.1-15.6) and 2.1 (0.2-8.1) and for GBC 29.0 (22.6-35.8), 5.4 (2.5-9.8) and nil for 1-year, 3-years and 5-years post-diagnosis, respectively; GBC had lower survival rates than LC (P=0.049). Pre-treatment clinical extent of disease was the only significant predictor of survival rates especially for GBC. Conclusions Active follow-up of cancer patients through telephone calls is feasible and acceptable in India. Poor survival rates of both LC and GBC underscore the importance of active surveillance by reaching out to family members through practically feasible methods.