bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of an additional nurse assistant during evening shifts on nurses’ perceptions of job demands, job resources and well‐being
Authors: Scheepers Renée A. , Smeulders Ilse‐Marita , van den Broek Thijs 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimWorkloads and other job demands jeopardize nurses’ well‐being, especially during evening shifts when there are less resources than during the day. The current study aims to shed light on how the addition of a nurse assistant to ward staffing during evening shifts has an impact on nurses’ perceptions of job demands, job resources, and well‐being.DesignWe performed a pre‐post pilot study, whereby we compared nurses’ perceptions of job demands, job resources, and well‐being before and after the addition of a nurse assistant to ward staffing during evening shifts.MethodsAll nurses at the ward of a top‐clinical hospital (N = 28) completed a baseline and follow‐up survey including validated measures on job demands (workload and physical demands), job resources (autonomy and task clarity), and well‐being (recovery from work and sleep problems).ResultsCompared with baseline, nurses reported fewer job demands (lower workloads and fewer physical demands) and sleep problems at follow‐up. No statistically significant changes in job resources (autonomy and task clarity) and recovery difficulties were found.ConclusionsWe found preliminary evidence that the addition of a nurse assistant during evening shifts could reduce workloads, physical demands, and sleep problems among nurses.ImpactThis study highlighted that heavy job demands and sleep problems associated with evening shifts may be addressed by adding a nurse assistant to the nursing team. Future studies with larger samples and a control group are needed to provide better estimates of the magnitude of the beneficial effects and of the cost‐effectiveness of an intervention of this kind.
Digital thermal monitoring techniques to assess vascular reactivity following finger and brachial occlusions
Authors: Heath Melanie , Gourley Drew , Naghavi Morteza , Klies Stanley , Tanaka Hirofumi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDigital thermal monitoring (DTM) is an alternative, noninvasive, methodology to evaluate endothelial function using temperature change on finger as a surrogate measure of the magnitude of vascular reactivity index (VRI). A most recent modification to the technique includes the application of occlusion cuff at the base of a finger. We evaluated the validity of DTM compared with the standard flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) protocol. Thirty‐eight (22 males; 38 ± 15 years) participants were studied. Occlusion cuff was placed over the right antecubital fossa or at the base of the right index finger. Temperature monitors were placed on bilateral index fingers to assess change in temperature throughout 5‐min occlusion and recovery phases. VRI values obtained with the finger occlusion (1.58 ± 0.29 AU) were not significantly different from VRI measured with the brachial artery occlusion (1.55 ± 0.26 AU; p = .47), and the agreement of VRI values was confirmed in the Bland‐Altman plot with a mean difference of −0.03 ± 0.34 (95% confidence interval: −0.15 to 0.09). Shear rateAUCI was significantly correlated with VRI obtained from brachial occlusion (r = .34) and finger occlusion VRI (r = .54; all p < .05). Moreover, brachial FMD was significantly correlated with brachial occlusion VRI (r = .69; p < .05) and finger occlusion VRI (r = .53; p < .05). Therefore, finger‐based VRI may be a valid and novel alternative measure of endothelial function that is more suitable than the standard FMD or hyperemic shear rate for the assessment of endothelial function in the routine clinical setting.
Dysregulated YY1/PRMT5 axis promotes the progression and metastasis of laryngeal cancer by targeting Hippo pathway
Authors: Wang Nan , Wu Di , Long Qian , Yan Yue , Chen Xiaoqi , Zhao Zheng , Yan Honghong , Zhang Xinrui , Xu Meilan , Deng Wuguo , Liu Xuekui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMetastases lead to high mortality in laryngeal cancer, but the regulation of its underlying mechanisms remains elusive. We identified Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) was significantly up‐regulated in laryngeal cancer tissues, which predicts poor patient prognosis. Functional assays demonstrated that PRMT5 overexpression promoted the invasive capacity and lymph node metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic experiments suggested that LATS2 was a downstream target of PRMT5. PRMT5 inhibition increased the expression of LATS2 and YAP phosphorylation in laryngeal cancer cells, thereby promoting laryngeal cancer metastasis. Furthermore, informatics and experimental data confirmed that PRMT5 gene was transcriptionally activated by YY1. Collectively, our results unravelled the important role of PRMT5 in laryngeal cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. The dysregulation YY1/PRMT5/LATS2/YAP axis may contribute to laryngeal cancer progression; thus, PRMT5 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with laryngeal cancer.
ICS II protects against cardiac hypertrophy by regulating metabolic remodelling, not by inhibiting autophagy
Authors: Han Dongjian , Wang Bo , Cui Xinyue , He Weiwei , zhang Yi , Jiang Qingjiao , Wang Fuhang , Liu Zhiyu , Shen Deliang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCardiac hypertrophy is characterized by a shift in metabolic substrate utilization. Therefore, the regulation of ketone body uptake and metabolism may have beneficial effects on heart injuries that induce cardiac remodelling. In this study, we investigated whether icariside II (ICS II) protects against cardiac hypertrophy in mice and cardiomyocytes. To create cardiac hypertrophy animal and cell models, mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC), and embryonic rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2) were stimulated with angiotensin II, a neurohumoral stressor. Both the in vivo and in vitro results suggest that ICS II treatment ameliorated pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy and preserved heart function. In addition, apoptosis and oxidative stress were reduced in the presence of ICS II. Moreover, ICS II inhibited excess autophagy in TAC‐induced hearts and angiotensin II–stimulated cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, we found that ICS II administration regulated SIRT3 expression in cardiac remodelling. SIRT3 activation increased ketone body transportation and utilization. Collectively, our data show that ICS II attenuated cardiac hypertrophy by modulating ketone body and fatty acid metabolism, and that this was likely due to the activation of the SIRT3‐AMPK pathway. ICS II treatment may provide a new therapeutic strategy for improving myocardial metabolism in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
Induction of jasmonic acid biosynthetic genes inhibits Arabidopsis growth in response to low boron
Authors: Huang Yupu , Wang Sheliang , Wang Chuang , Ding Guangda , Cai Hongmei , Shi Lei , Xu Fangsen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe essential micronutrient boron (B) has key roles in cell wall integrity and B deficiency inhibits plant growth. The role of jasmonic acid (JA) in plant growth inhibition under B deficiency remains unclear. Here, we report that low B elevates JA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by inducing the expression of JA biosynthesis genes. Treatment with JA inhibited plant growth and, a JA biosynthesis inhibitor enhanced plant growth, indicating that the JA induced by B deficiency affects plant growth. Furthermore, examination of the JA signaling mutants jasmonate resistant1, coronatine insensitive1‐2, and myc2 showed that JA signaling negatively regulates plant growth under B deficiency. We identified a low‐B responsive transcription factor, ERF018, and used yeast one‐hybrid assays and transient activation assays in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells to demonstrate that ERF018 activates the expression of JA biosynthesis genes. ERF018 overexpression (OE) lines displayed stunted growth and up‐regulation of JA biosynthesis genes under normal B conditions, compared to Col‐0 and the difference between ERF018 OE lines and Col‐0 diminished under low B. These results suggest that ERF018 enhances JA biosynthesis and thus negatively regulates plant growth. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of JA in the effect of low B on plant growth.
BRITTLE PLANT1 is required for normal cell wall composition and mechanical strength in rice
Authors: Zhang Yuanyan , Wang Yihua , Wang Chunming , Rautengarten Carsten , Duan Erchao , Zhu Jianping , Zhu Xiaopin , Lei Jie , Peng Chao , Wang Yunlong , Teng Xuan , Tian Yunlu , Liu Xi , Heazlewood Joshua L. , Wu Aimin , Wan Jianmin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA series of nucleotide sugar interconversion enzymes (NSEs) generate the activated sugar donors required for biosynthesis of cell wall matrix polysaccharides and glycoproteins. UDP‐glucose 4‐epimerases (UGEs) are NSEs that function in the interconversion of UDP‐glucose (UDP‐Glc) and UDP‐galactose (UDP‐Gal). The roles of UDP‐glucose 4‐epimerases in monocots remain unclear due to redundancy in the pathways. Here, we report a brittle plant (bp1) rice mutant that exhibits brittle leaves and culms at all growth stages. The mutant culms had reduced levels of rhamnogalacturonan I, homogalacturonan, and arabinogalactan proteins. Moreover, the mutant had altered contents of uronic acids, neutral noncellulosic monosaccharides, and cellulose. Map‐based cloning demonstrated that OsBP1 encodes a UDP‐glucose 4‐epimerase (OsUGE2), a cytosolic protein. We also show that BP1 can form homo‐ and hetero‐protein complexes with other UGE family members and with UDP‐galactose transporters 2 (OsUGT2) and 3 (OsUGT3), which may facilitate the channeling of Gal to polysaccharides and proteoglycans. Our results demonstrate that BP1 participates in regulating the sugar composition and structure of rice cell walls.
Tenosynovial complications identify TTR cardiac amyloidosis among patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype
Authors: Cappelli F. , Zampieri M. , Fumagalli C. , Nardi G. , Del Monaco G. , Matucci Cerinic M. , Allinovi M. , Taborchi G. , Martone R. , Gabriele M. , Ungar A. , Moggi Pignone A. , Marchionni N. , Di Mario C. , Olivotto I. , Perfetto F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and brachial biceps tendon rupture (BBTR) represent red flags for ATTR cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR‐CA). The prevalence of upper limb tenosynovial complications in conditions entering differential diagnosis with CA, such as HCM or Anderson–Fabry disease (AFD), and hence their predictive accuracy in this setting, still remains unresolved. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of CTS and BBTR in a consecutive cohort of ATTR‐CA patients, compared with patients with HCM or AFD and with individuals without cardiac disease history. Participants: Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of ATTR‐CA, HCM and AFD were evaluated. A control group of consecutive patients was recruited among subjects hospitalized for noncardiac reasons and no cardiac disease history. The presence of BBTR, CTS or prior surgery related to these conditions was ascertained. Results: 342 patients were prospectively enrolled, including 168 ATTR‐CA (141 ATTRwt, 27 ATTRm), 81 with HCM/AFD (N = 72 and 9, respectively) and 93 controls. CTS was present in 75% ATTR‐CA patients, compared with 13% and 10% of HCM/AFD and controls (P = 0.0001 for both comparisons). Bilateral CTS was present in 60% of ATTR‐CA patients, while it was rare (2%) in the other groups. BBTR was present in 44% of ATTR‐CA patients, 8% of controls and 1% in HCM/AFD. Conclusions: CTS and BBTR are fivefold more prevalent in ATTR‐CA patients compared with cardiac patients with other hypertrophic phenotypes. Positive predictive accuracy for ATTR‐CA is highest when involvement is bilateral. Upper limb assessment of patients with HCM phenotypes is a simple and effective way to raise suspicion of ATTR‐CA.
“Hood feminism”: Whiteness and segregated (premodern) scholarly discourse in the post‐postracial era
Authors: Brown David Sterling 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHoming in on the segregated culture of early modern English domestic criticism as its primary example, this article explores how white voices and “white logic” have dominated reading practices in early modern English studies, and academia in general, for some time—often without critique. In different ways, those voices and viewpoints have left little to no room at the metaphorical scholarly table for influencers of a different hue, thus rendering visible in the field and profession the existence of the “color line,” as W. E. B. Du Bois called it. With an antiracist agenda that embraces the goals of Black feminism, Brown thinks through the continued disconnect between domestic criticism and premodern critical race studies, a disconnect that denotes a representative pattern. Specifically, Brown highlights how whiteness goes unexamined critically, a fact that is surprising since the domestic sphere is, and was, a formative space where processes of racialization occur, processes informing the centuries‐old racism that persists in the post‐Obama era, or the post‐postracial era: a time where anti‐blackness and related violence (physical, verbal/rhetorical, psychological, emotional) is hypervisible. Encouraging readers to be(come) “accomplice feminists,” Brown calls for the decentering of whiteness and the desegregation of scholarly discourse and citational practices.
Horizontal chromosome transfer and independent evolution drive diversification inFusarium oxysporumf. sp.fragariae
Authors: Henry Peter M. , Pincot Dominique D.A. , Jenner Bradley N. , Borrero Celia , Aviles Manuel , Nam Myeong‐Hyeon , Epstein Lynn , Knapp Steven J. , Gordon Thomas R. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe genes required for host‐specific pathogenicity inFusarium oxysporumcan be acquired through horizontal chromosome transfer (HCT). However, it is unknown if HCT commonly contributes to the diversification of pathotypes.Using comparative genomics and pathogenicity phenotyping, we explored the role of HCT in the evolution ofF. oxysporumf. sp.fragariae, the cause ofFusariumwilt of strawberry, with isolates from four continents.We observed two distinct syndromes: one included chlorosis (‘yellows‐fragariae’) and the other did not (‘wilt‐fragariae’). All yellows‐fragariaeisolates carried a predicted pathogenicity chromosome, ‘chrY‐frag’, that was horizontally transferred at least four times. chrY‐fragwas associated with virulence on specific cultivars and encoded predicted effectors that were highly upregulated during infection. chrY‐fragwas not present in wilt‐fragariae; isolates causing this syndrome evolved pathogenicity independently. All origins ofF. oxysporumf. sp.fragariaeoccurred outside of the host’s native range.Our data support the conclusion that HCT is widespread inF. oxysporum, but pathogenicity can also evolve independently. The absence of chrY‐fragin wilt‐fragariaesuggests that multiple, distinct pathogenicity chromosomes can confer the same host specificity. The wild progenitors of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) did not co‐evolve with this pathogen, yet we discovered several sources of genetic resistance.
A Novel Method to Characterize the Pacing Profile of Elite Male 1500-m Freestyle Swimmers
Authors: McGibbon Katie E. , Pyne David B. , Heidenreich Laine E. , Pla Robin 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:Pacing, or the distribution of energy expenditure, is particularly important in swimming; however, there is limited research examining pacing profiles in long-distance freestyle events. This study aimed to characterize the pacing profiles of elite male 1500-m freestyle swimmers using a novel method to provide a detailed analysis of different race segments.Methods:The race data for 327 male 1500-m freestyle long-course races between 2010 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The raw 50-m split times for each lap were converted to a percentage of overall race time. The races were classified as a fast-, average-, or slow-start strategy (laps 1–2); as an even, negative, or positive pacing strategy (laps 3–28); and as a fast-, average-, or slow-finish strategy (laps 29–30) to give an overall pacing profile.Results:Slow- and average-start strategies were associated with faster overall 1500-m times than a fast-start strategy (mean = −21.2 s; 90% confidence interval, −11.4 to −32.3 s,P = .00). An even pacing strategy in laps 3 to 28 yielded faster overall 1500-m times than a positive pacing strategy (−8.4 s, −3.9 to −13.0 s,P = .00). The overall 1500-m times did not differ substantially across the finish strategies (P = .99). The start strategy differed across age groups and nationalities, where younger swimmers and swimmers from Australia and Great Britain typically spent a lower percentage of race time in laps 1 to 2 (faster start strategy; −0.10%, −0.01% to −0.23%,P ≤ .02).Conclusion:Adopting a relatively slower start strategy helps conserve energy for the latter stages of a 1500-m freestyle race.
The Effect of Hip Joint Mobilizations Using a Mobilization Belt on Hip Range of Motion and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Brun Alex , Sandrey Michelle A. 
Published: December 2020

Context: Joint mobilizations have been studied extensively in the literature for the glenohumeral joint and talocrural joint (ankle). Consequently, joint mobilizations have been established as an effective means of improving range of motion (ROM) within these joints. However, there is a lack of extant research to suggest these effects may apply within another critical joint in the body, the hip. Objective: To examine the immediate effects of hip joint mobilizations on hip ROM and functional outcomes. Secondarily, this study sought to examine the efficacy of a novel hip mobilization protocol. Design: A prospective exploratory study. Setting: Two research labs. Patients or Other Participants: The study included 19 active male (n = 8) and female (n = 11) college students (20.56 [1.5] y, 171.70 [8.6] cm, 72.23 [12.9] kg). Interventions: Bilateral hip mobilizations were administered with the use of a mobilization belt. Each participant received hip joint mobilization treatments once during 3 weekly sessions followed immediately by preintervention and postintervention testing/measurements. Testing for each participant occurred once per week, at the same time of day, for 3 consecutive weeks. Hip ROM was the first week, followed by modified Star Excursion Balance Test the second week and agility T test during the third week. Main Outcomes Measures: Pretest and posttest measurements included hip ROM for hip flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation, as well as scores on the modified Star Excursion Balance Test (anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial directions) and agility T test. Results: A significant effect for time was found for hip adduction, internal and external rotation ROM, as well as the posterolateral and posteromedial directions of the modified Star Excursion Balance Test. A separate main effect for both limbs was found for adduction and internal rotation ROM. Conclusion: Isolated immediate changes in ROM and functional outcomes were evident. Further evaluation is needed.
The relationship between social risk factors and latent tuberculosis infection among individuals residing in England: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lule Swaib A , Gupta Rishi K , Krutikov Maria , Jackson Charlotte , Southern Jo , Abubakar Ibrahim 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between social risk factors and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among individuals who are eligible for LTBI screening in the United Kingdom (UK).MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data collected in the UK Prognostic Evaluation of Diagnostic Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) Consortium Study which enrolled 9176 recent tuberculosis (TB) contacts and migrants at National Health Service (NHS) facilities and community settings in the UK. The study outcome was LTBI (positive IGRA test (QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube or T-SPOT.TB)). The main exposures were history of smoking, history of substance misuse, homelessness, prison stay and socioeconomic deprivation.Results4914 (56.2%) individuals resided in the most deprived areas and 2536 (27.6%) had LTBI. In the multivariable analysis (adjusting for age, gender, place of birth, ethnicity, HIV status, BCG vaccination and recent TB contact) living in the least deprived areas compared with living in the most deprived areas was associated with reduced odds of LTBI (odds ratio (OR)=0.68, 95% CI: 0.51 to 0.90) while ever been homeless (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.21) was associated with increased odds of LTBI. Smoking, homelessness and substance misuse were not associated with LTBI.ConclusionSocial deprivation could be an important risk factor for LTBI, highlighting the social inequality in the burden of TB infection in the UK. Migrants and TB contacts who were socially deprived or homeless were at a significantly higher risk for LTBI, thus tailored intense public health interventions to these groups may help to reduce the risk of future TB disease.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT01162265).
Cross-sectional study of the association between age-related macular degeneration and arthritis in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2008
Authors: Zhu Zhuoting , Liao Huan , Liu Sen , Zhang Jian , Chen Yifan , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and arthritis in a representative sample of the US population.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional study.SettingThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2008.ParticipantsA total of 4813 participants aged 40 years and older with available information on AMD and arthritis in the 2005–2008 NHANES.MethodsThe status and types of arthritis were obtained from questionnaires. Non-mydriatic fundus photographs were collected. The types of AMD were assessed using the modified Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading Classification Scheme. The association between arthritis and AMD was evaluated using logistic regression models.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, participants with any or early AMD had significantly lower odds of having any type of arthritis (any AMD: OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.36–0.86; early AMD: OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.34–0.88) or osteoarthritis (OA) (any AMD: OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.26–0.71; early AMD: OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.25–0.76) compared with those without AMD. When considering AMD as the outcome, significant negative associations were also found between any arthritis or OA and any (any arthritis: OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.43–0.94; OA: OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.33–0.82) or early AMD (any arthritis: OR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.40–0.93; OA: OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.31–0.86) in the multivariable logistic models. There was no significant association between different types of arthritis and late AMD.ConclusionsPeople with arthritis, especially those with OA, were less likely to have AMD compared with those without arthritis and vice versa. Further studies are needed to confirm this potential protective effect of arthritis and/or arthritis treatment on AMD and to explore the underlying mechanisms.