bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy and exergy analyses of PV, solar thermal and photovoltaic/thermal systems: a comparison study
Authors: Qingyang Jiang , Jichun Yang , Yanying Zeng , Huide Fu 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Compared with photovoltaic (PV) or solar thermal (ST) system alone, the hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system has many advantages such as simultaneous production of electrical and thermal energies, efficient utilization on solar energy, space reduction and so on. However, there is limited data on both the energy and exergy performance comparisons of these three solar systems, especially for annual performance data. This paper aims to present a comparative study on the performances of the PV, ST and PV/T systems by a series of full-day experiments. Energy and exergy performances of these three solar utilization systems were all calculated and analyzed. Moreover, two typical evaluation methods, i.e. semi-empirical system efficiency model method and input–output method, were also used for evaluating the performances of these systems. Finally, based on the input–output method, the annual performances of the PV, ST and PV/T systems under typical meteorological conditions of Hong Kong region were predicted. The results show that the ST system has the highest total energy gain and energy efficiency and the PV system has the highest total exergy gain and exergy efficiency of these three systems. However, by a comprehensive consideration on the energy and exergy performances, the PV/T system has the best overall performance of these three solar systems.
Sharp Estimates for Blowing Down Functions in a Denjoy–Carleman Class
Authors: Belotto da Silva André , Bierstone Edward , Kiro Avner 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
If $F$ is a $C^{\infty }$ function whose composition $F \circ \sigma $ with a blowing-up ${\sigma }$ belongs to a Denjoy–Carleman class $C_M$, then $F$, in general, belongs to a larger class $C_{M^{(2)}}$; that is, there is a loss of regularity. We show that this loss of regularity is sharp. In particular, the loss of regularity of Denjoy–Carleman classes is intrinsic to arguments involving resolution of singularities.
The Search for an HIV Cure: Where Do We Go From Here?
Authors: Li Jonathan Z , Gandhi Rajesh T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Since the first case of an HIV sterilizing cure was published, remarkable progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanisms behind HIV persistence. However, our goal of achieving a safe and broadly-available treatment for sustained HIV remission has proven elusive. In this supplement, we provide a series of articles reviewing the technical hurdles facing the field, key assays to measure HIV persistence and the next-generation of therapeutics for HIV remission.
Serum Protein Profiling Reveals a Specific Upregulation of the Immunomodulatory Protein Progranulin in Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Rieder Marina , Wirth Luisa , Pollmeier Luisa , Jeserich Maren , Goller Isabella , Baldus Niklas , Schmid Bonaventura , Busch Hans-Joerg , Hofmann Maike , Thimme Robert , Rieg Siegbert , Kern Winfried , Bode Christoph , Duerschmied Daniel , Lother Achim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Severe courses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are associated with elevated levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6). However, there is a growing body of evidence pointing to a broad and more complex disorder of proinflammatory and antiviral responses with disturbed interferon signaling in COVID-19.

Methods
In this prospective, single-center registry, we included severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–positive patients and patients with similar symptoms and severity of disease but negative for SARS-CoV-2 admitted to the emergency department and compared their serum protein expression profiles.

Results
IL-6 abundance was similar in SARS-CoV-2–positive patients (n = 24) compared with SARS-CoV-2–negative controls (n = 61). In contrast, we observed a specific upregulation of the immunomodulatory protein progranulin (GRN). High GRN abundance was associated with adverse outcomes and increased expression of IL-6 in COVID-19.

Conclusions
The data from this registry reveal that GRN is specifically upregulated in SARS-CoV-2–positive patients while IL-6 may serve as marker for disease severity. The potential of GRN as a biomarker and a possible impact of increased GRN expression on interferon signaling, virus elimination, and virus-induced lung tissue damage in COVID-19 should be further explored.
Provocation as Agentic Practice: Gender Performativity in Online Strategies of Transgender Sex Workers
Authors: Chib Arul , Nguyen Hoan , Lin Daoyi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Fluid performances of gender online by gender-diverse individuals facing discrimination and fetishization raises questions about whether these acts are a source of empowerment or reinforce prevailing prejudice. We combine virtual ethnography and interviews with transwomen sex workers in Singapore (n = 14) to explore the dynamic between sociostructural oppression and agentic resistance. First, heterosexual power relations manifest online via digital practices of access, surveillance, and intervention to discriminate against and objectify respondents’ identities and bodies. Second, the online response can be categorized into specific digital practices of avoidance involving privacy and anonymity, accommodation via subtle practices of submission, and collaboration via community mobilization. Finally, gender performativity on sites for sex solicitation manifests in the presentation of both essentialist (submissive femininity) and provocative (hyper-sexual) embodiments, defying simplistic characterization into the structure-agency dynamic. We discuss the co-constructive nature of socially situated gender performances and the potential for challenging normative regimes of gender.
Plant size, environmental factors and functional traits jointly shape the stem radius growth rate in an evergreen coniferous species across ontogenetic stages
Authors: Liu Zhili , Hikosaka Kouki , Li Fengri , Zhu Liangjun , Jin Guangze 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
Plant size, environmental conditions and functional traits are important for plant growth; however, it is less clear which combination of these factors is the most effective for predicting tree growth across ontogenetic stages.

Methods
We selected 65 individuals of an evergreen coniferous species, Pinus koraiensis, with diameters at breast height (DBH) from 0.3 to 100 cm in Northeast China. For each individual, we measured the stem radius growth rate (SRGR, µm/year) for the current year, environmental factors (light, soil nutrient and soil water) and functional traits (leaf, branch and root traits).

Important Findings
SRGR increased with DBH when the DBH was lower than 58 cm, whereas it decreased with DBH when the DBH was larger than 58 cm. Structural equation modeling analysis suggested that, when the DBH was 0–15 cm, plant size had a direct negative influence on SRGR and an indirect positive influence on SRGR due to the light intensity above the plant. Plant size had direct positive and negative effects when the DBH was 16–58 cm and 59–100 cm, respectively. When the DBH was larger than 15 cm, soil parameters were more important than light intensity for SRGR. The functional traits selected for use in the best model were changed from the specific leaf area and wood density to the root nitrogen concentration with increasing tree size. In summary, plant size, environmental factors and functional traits jointly shaped tree growth, and their relative influence varied with size, suggesting that the resources limiting tree growth may change from light to soil nutrient with increasing tree size.
Dengue, chikungunya and Zika in GeoSentinel surveillance of international travellers: a literature review from 1995 to 2020
Authors: Osman S , Preet R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction
GeoSentinel is a global surveillance network of travel medicine providers seeing ill-returned travellers. Much of our knowledge on health problems and infectious encountered by international travellers has evolved as a result of GeoSentinel surveillance, providing geographic and temporal trends in morbidity among travellers while contributing to improved pre-travel advice. We set out to synthesize epidemiological information, clinical manifestations and time trends for dengue, chikungunya and Zika in travellers as captured by GeoSentinel.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed on international travellers who presented with dengue, chikungunya or Zika virus infections to GeoSentinel sites around the world from 1995 until 2020.

Results
Of 107 GeoSentinel publications, 42 articles were related to dengue, chikungunya and/or Zika. The final analyses and synthesis of and results presented here are based on the findings from 27 original articles covering the three arboviral diseases.

Conclusions
Dengue is the most frequent arboviral disease encountered in travellers presenting to GeoSentinel sites, with increasing trends over the past two decades. In Southeast Asia, annual proportionate morbidity increased from 50 dengue cases per 1000 ill returned travellers in non-epidemic years to an average of 159 cases per 1000 travellers during epidemic years. The highest number of travellers with chikungunya virus infections was reported during the chikungunya outbreak in the Americas and the Caribbean in the years 2013–16. Zika was first reported by GeoSentinel already in 2012, but notifications peaked in the years 2016–17 reflecting the public health emergency in the Americas at the time.
Spatial variability in carbon- and nitrogen-related traits in apple trees: the effects of the light environment and crop load
Authors: Ngao Jérôme , Martinez Sébastien , Marquier André , Bluy Sylvie , Saint-Joanis Brigitte , Costes Evelyne , Pallas Benoît 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhotosynthetic carbon assimilation rates are highly dependent on environmental factors such as light availability and on metabolic limitations such as the demand for carbon by sink organs. The relative effects of light and sink demand on photosynthesis in perennial plants such as trees remain poorly characterized. The aim of the present study was therefore to characterize the relationships between light and fruit load on a range of leaf traits including photosynthesis, non-structural carbohydrate content, leaf structure, and nitrogen-related variables in fruiting (‘ON’) and non-fruiting (‘OFF’) ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees. We show that crop status (at the tree scale) exerts a greater influence over leaf traits than the local light environment or the local fruit load. High rates of photosynthesis were observed in the ON trees. This was correlated with a high leaf nitrogen content. In contrast, little spatial variability in photosynthesis rates was observed in the OFF trees. The lack of variation in photosynthesis rates was associated with high leaf non-structural carbohydrate content at the tree level. Taken together, these results suggest that low carbon demand leads to feedback limitation on photosynthesis resulting in a low level of within-tree variability. These findings provide new insights into carbon and nitrogen allocations within trees, which are heavily dependent on carbon demand.
Which Came First, the Demandes d’amours or the Jeu-Parti? Evidence from Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Douce 308
Authors: Leach Elizabeth Eva 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The relationship between the two genres of demandes d’amours and jeux-partis, the first a short-form exchange in prose, the other an extended debate in sung poetry, has been argued to be that of informal oral model to later formal written art form. The origins of the jeu-parti are presumed to be found in the tradition of demandes. By considering the earliest written collection of demandes, however—that found in the manuscript Bodleian Library, Douce 308, where they occur within a collection of jeux-partis—this origin story is subjected to renewed scrutiny.
PED in 2021: a major update of the protein ensemble database for intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Lazar Tamas , Martínez-Pérez Elizabeth , Quaglia Federica , Hatos András , Chemes Lucía B , Iserte Javier A , Méndez Nicolás A , Garrone Nicolás A , Saldaño Tadeo E , Marchetti Julia , Rueda Ana Julia Velez , Bernadó Pau , Blackledge Martin , Cordeiro Tiago N , Fagerberg Eric , Forman-Kay Julie D , Fornasari Maria S , Gibson Toby J , Gomes Gregory-Neal W , Gradinaru Claudiu C , Head-Gordon Teresa , Jensen Malene Ringkjøbing , Lemke Edward A , Longhi Sonia , Marino-Buslje Cristina , Minervini Giovanni , Mittag Tanja , Monzon Alexander Miguel , Pappu Rohit V , Parisi Gustavo , Ricard-Blum Sylvie , Ruff Kiersten M , Salladini Edoardo , Skepö Marie , Svergun Dmitri , Vallet Sylvain D , Varadi Mihaly , Tompa Peter , Tosatto Silvio C E , Piovesan Damiano 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Protein Ensemble Database (PED) (https://proteinensemble.org), which holds structural ensembles of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), has been significantly updated and upgraded since its last release in 2016. The new version, PED 4.0, has been completely redesigned and reimplemented with cutting-edge technology and now holds about six times more data (162 versus 24 entries and 242 versus 60 structural ensembles) and a broader representation of state of the art ensemble generation methods than the previous version. The database has a completely renewed graphical interface with an interactive feature viewer for region-based annotations, and provides a series of descriptors of the qualitative and quantitative properties of the ensembles. High quality of the data is guaranteed by a new submission process, which combines both automatic and manual evaluation steps. A team of biocurators integrate structured metadata describing the ensemble generation methodology, experimental constraints and conditions. A new search engine allows the user to build advanced queries and search all entry fields including cross-references to IDP-related resources such as DisProt, MobiDB, BMRB and SASBDB. We expect that the renewed PED will be useful for researchers interested in the atomic-level understanding of IDP function, and promote the rational, structure-based design of IDP-targeting drugs.
Nestin+/CD31+ cells in the hypoxic perivascular niche regulate glioblastoma chemoresistance by upregulating JAG1 and DLL4
Authors: Zheng Zong-Qing , Chen Jin-Tao , Zheng Ming-Cheng , Yang Li-Juan , Wang Jun-Ming , Liu Quan-Li , Chen Lu-Fei , Ye Zu-Cheng , Lin Jin-Ming , Lin Zhi-Xiong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Failure of glioblastoma (GBM) therapy is often ascribed to different types of glioblastoma stem-like cell (GSLC) niche; in particular, a hypoxic perivascular niche (HPVN) is involved in GBM progression. However, the cells responsible for HPVNs remain unclear.

Methods
Immunostaining was performed to determine the cells involved in HPVNs. A hypoxic chamber and 3-dimensional (3D) microfluidic chips were designed to simulate a HPVN based on the pathological features of GBM. The phenotype of GSLCs was evaluated by fluorescence scanning in real time and proliferation and apoptotic assays. The expression of JAG1, DLL4, and Hes1 was determined by immunostaining, ELISA, Western blotting, and quantitative PCR. Their clinical prognostic significance in GBM HPVNs and total tumor tissues were verified by clinical data and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases.

Results
Nestin+/CD31+ cells and pericytes constitute the major part of microvessels in the HPVN, and the high ratio of nestin+/CD31+ cells rather than pericytes are responsible for the poor prognosis of GBM. A more real HPVN was simulated by a hypoxic coculture system in vitro, which consisted of 3D microfluidic chips and a hypoxic chamber. Nestin+/CD31+ cells in the HPVN were derived from GSLC transdifferentiation and promoted GSLC chemoresistance by providing more JAG1 and DLL4 to induce downstream Hes1 overexpression. Poor GBM prognosis correlated with Hes1 expression of tumor cells in the GBM HPVN, and not with total Hes1 expression in GBM tissues.

Conclusions
These results highlight the critical role of nestin+/CD31+ cells in HPVNs that acts in GBM chemoresistance and reveal the distinctive prognostic value of these molecular markers in HPVNs.
Cytokine and Chemokine Levels in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Convalescent Plasma
Authors: Bonny Tania S , Patel Eshan U , Zhu Xianming , Bloch Evan M , Grabowski M Kate , Abraham Alison G , Littlefield Kirsten , Shrestha Ruchee , Benner Sarah E , Laeyendecker Oliver , Shoham Shmuel , Sullivan David , Quinn Thomas C , Casadevall Arturo , Pekosz Andrew , Redd Andrew D , Tobian Aaron A R 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP) is primarily ascribed as a source of neutralizing anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies. However, the composition of other immune components in CCP and their potential roles remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to describe the composition and concentrations of plasma cytokines and chemokines in eligible CCP donors.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 20 prepandemic healthy blood donors without SARS-CoV-2 infection and 140 eligible CCP donors with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Electrochemiluminescence detection-based multiplexed sandwich immunoassays were used to quantify plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations (n = 35 analytes). A SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization assay was also performed. Differences in the percentage of detection and distribution of cytokine and chemokine concentrations were examined by categorical groups using Fisher’s exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, respectively.ResultsAmong CCP donors (n = 140), the median time since molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 was 44 days (interquartile range = 38–50) and 9% (n = 12) were hospitalized due to COVID-19. Compared with healthy blood donor controls, CCP donors had significantly higher plasma levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-15, IL-21, and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1, but lower levels of IL-1RA, IL-8, IL-16, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (P &lt; .0014). The distributions of plasma levels of IL-8, IL-15, and IFN-inducible protein-10 were significantly higher among CCP donors with high (≥160) versus low (&lt;40) anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers (P &lt; .0014). The median levels of IL-6 were significantly higher among CCP donors who were hospitalized versus nonhospitalized (P &lt; .0014).ConclusionsHeterogeneity in cytokine and chemokine composition of CCP suggests there is a different inflammatory state among the CCP donors compared with SARS-CoV-2 naive, healthy blood donors.
Buckwheat FeNramp5 Mediates High Manganese Uptake in Roots
Authors: Yokosho Kengo , Yamaji Naoki , Ma Jian Feng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for plant growth and development, but transporters required for Mn uptake have only been identified in a few plant species. Here, we functionally characterized a member of the natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (Nramps) family, FeNramp5 in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), which is known as a species well adapted to acidic soils. FeNramp5 was mainly expressed in the roots, and its expression was upregulated by the deficiency of Mn and Fe. Furthermore, spatial and tissue-specific expression analysis showed that FeNramp5 was expressed in all tissues of the basal root regions. FeNramp5-GFP protein was localized to the plasma membrane when transiently expressed in buckwheat leaf protoplast. FeNramp5 showed the transport activity for Mn2+ and Cd2+ but not for Fe2+ when expressed in yeast. Furthermore, the transport activity for Mn2+ was higher in yeast expressing FeNramp5 than in yeast expressing AtNramp1. FeNramp5 was also able to complement the phenotype of Arabidopsis atnramp1 mutant in terms of the growth and accumulation of Mn and Cd. The absolute expression level of AtNramp1 was comparable to that of FeNramp5 in the roots, but buckwheat accumulated higher Mn than Arabidopsis when grown under the same condition. Further analysis showed that at least motif B in FeNramp5 seems important for its high transport activity for Mn. These results indicate that FeNramp5 is a transporter for the uptake of Mn and Cd and its higher transport activity for Mn is probably associated with higher Mn accumulation in buckwheat.
Improvement from ixekizumab treatment in patients with psoriatic arthritis who have had an inadequate response to one or two TNF inhibitors
Authors: Kirkham Bruce , Sesin Carlos , Gellett Amanda M. , Sprabery Aubrey T. , Lin Chen-Yen , Turkiewicz Anthony 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of ixekizumab (IXE), a monoclonal antibody selectively targeting interleukin-17A, in patients with inadequate response to one or two TNF inhibitors (TNFi).

Methods
A phase 3 study (SPIRIT-P2; NCT02349295) randomized patients with PsA with inadequate response or intolerance to one or two TNFi to receive 80-mg IXE every 2 weeks (n = 123) or every 4 weeks (n = 122) after a 160-mg starting dose or placebo (PBO; n = 118) through week 24. This post hoc analysis used data from inadequate responders to one or two TNFi, measuring the percentage achieving: ≥50% improvement in ACR response criteria (ACR50) and 100% improvement from baseline in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 100), ACR50, improvement in HAQ-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) ≥0.35, minimal disease activity (MDA), European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Good Response Criteria [improvement in Disease Activity Score 28 CRP (DAS28-CRP) &gt;1.2], and Disease Activity in PsA (DAPSA) ≤14.

Results
There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between inadequate responders to one and two TNFi. At week 24, significantly more patients irrespective of previous TNFi experience receiving IXE than PBO achieved ACR50, HAQ-DI ≥0.35 improvement, MDA, EULAR good response, and DAPSA ≤14, and significantly more patients with inadequate response to one TNFi receiving IXE than PBO achieved ACR50 and PASI 100. Improvement persisted in all measures through week 52.

Conclusion
IXE improved the signs and symptoms of PsA in a population of difficult-to-treat patients with inadequate response to one or two TNFi.
Time-Varying Crash Risk Embedded in Index Options: The Role of Stock Market Liquidity
Authors: Christoffersen Peter , Feunou Bruno , Jeon Yoontae , Ornthanalai Chayawat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe estimate a continuous-time model for the stock market index where the stochastic volatility and crash probability depend on the realized spot variance and the stock market illiquidity. We find that market illiquidity is a useful economic covariate in the modeling of time-varying stock market crash risk embedded in index options. The relative contribution of spot variance in the time-varying crash risk is weakened once the market illiquidity variable is added to the model, and out-of-sample option pricing error also improves. Examining the relationship between market illiquidity and option-implied crash risk, we find that the availability of arbitrage capital and adverse selection facing liquidity providers are potential economic links. Our study highlights the benefits of adding a market illiquidity measure to index return models with time-varying crash risk.