bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse oximetry screening for detection of congenital heart defects at 1646 m in Albuquerque, New Mexico
Authors: Rao Sruti , Goens M. B. , Myers Orrin B. , Sebesta Emilie A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAim:To determine the false-positive rate of pulse oximetry screening at moderate altitude, presumed to be elevated compared with sea level values and assess change in false-positive rate with time.Methods:We retrospectively analysed 3548 infants in the newborn nursery in Albuquerque, New Mexico, (elevation 5400 ft) from July 2012 to October 2013. Universal pulse oximetry screening guidelines were employed after 24 hours of life but before discharge. Newborn babies between 36 and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation, weighing >2 kg and babies >37 weeks weighing >1.7 kg were included in the study. Log-binomial regression was used to assess change in the probability of false positives over time.Results:Of the 3548 patients analysed, there was one true positive with a posteriorly-malaligned ventricular septal defect and an interrupted aortic arch. Of the 93 false positives, the mean pre- and post-ductal saturations were lower, 92 and 90%, respectively. The false-positive rate before April 2013 was 3.5% and after April 2013, decreased to 1.5%. There was a significant decrease in false-positive rate (p = 0.003, slope coefficient = −0.082, standard error of coefficient = 0.023) with the relative risk of a false positive decreasing at 0.92 (95% CI 0.88–0.97) per month.Conclusion:This is the first study in Albuquerque, New Mexico, reporting a high false-positive rate of 1.5% at moderate altitude at the end of the study in comparison to the false-positive rate of 0.035% at sea level. Implementation of the nationally recommended universal pulse oximetry screening was associated with a high false-positive rate in the initial period, thought to be from the combination of both learning curve and altitude. After the initial decline, it remained steadily elevated above sea level, indicating the dominant effect of moderate altitude.
Gender differences in factors associated with body weight misperception
Authors: Kye Su Yeon , Park Keeho 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:Gender analysis in health research is important to strengthen our health system. The current study aimed to explore factors related to body weight misperception in a national sample of the general Korean population.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:South Korea, general population.Participants:12,900 adults enrolled from the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018).Results:Disadvantageous socio-economic status was considered a predictor of participants’ misperceptions of themselves as being of a healthy weight despite being overweight and as underweight despite being of a healthy weight, mainly in men. Favourable socio-economic status was considered a predictor of participants’ misperceptions of themselves as being of a healthy weight despite being underweight and as overweight despite being of a healthy weight, mainly in women. Living in an urban area was an independent predictor of men’s misperception of themselves as being of a healthy weight despite being overweight and women’s misperception of themselves as being underweight despite being of a healthy weight. Physical inactivity was a predictor of most misperceptions in women. Psychological variables, such as stress and depression, were not significant predictors of misperception.Conclusions:The current study highlighted the gender differences in factors related to body weight misperception. These differences suggested that more sophisticated policies should be formulated to identify solutions to health problems related to body weight.
Have we compromised too much? A critical analysis of nutrition policy in Australia 2007–2018
Authors: I Brandon , Baker Phillip , Lawrence Mark 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:A comprehensive nutrition policy containing a broad package of cross-sector and synergistic policy actions is required to attenuate the systemic drivers of poor nutrition. The current study aims to critically analyse trends in the scope of federal nutrition policy actions in Australia between 2007 and 2018 by: (1) describing the changes in nutrition policy actions, benchmarked against an international best-practice policy framework and (2) investigating how and why the scope of these policy actions have changed over time by examining the decision-making processes that led to the establishment of Australia’s Healthy Food Partnership (the Partnership).Design:Qualitative case study involving documentary analysis and key-informant interviews. Australian federal government documents (n 10) were analysed against the NOURISHING framework. Key informants (n 6) were interviewed and asked about the Partnership’s decision-making and establishment processes.Setting:Australia.Participants:Executive Committee (the Partnership’s governing body) and working group members.Results:From 2007 to 2018, the scope of Australian national nutrition policy has fluctuated from evidence-informed recommendations for a comprehensive policy to the mostly discrete policy actions of the Partnership. Themes of ‘pragmatism and compromise’, ‘actor relationships and lobbying’ and ‘political context’ were critical drivers for establishing the Partnership.Conclusion:The narrowing of Australian nutrition policy reflects a response to political expediency and compromise. This political dynamic highlights a dilemma facing nutrition policy advocates: should (and if so, how) a balance be sought between the aspirational but possibly unrealistic goals, and the limited but likely deliverable outcomes during policy-making processes? These findings have relevance for developing a future comprehensive national nutrition policy.
The desire for death in Portuguese home-care palliative patients: Retrospective analysis of the prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Julião Miguel , Sobral Maria Ana , Calçada Paula , Antunes Bárbara , Runa Daniela , Samorinha Catarina , Chochinov Harvey Max , Breitbart William 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveDesire for death (DfD) is a complex and multifactorial dimension of end-of-life experience. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of DfD and its associations, arising within the setting of a tertiary home-based palliative care (PC) unit.MethodRetrospective analysis of all DfD entries registered in our anonymized database from October 2018 to April 2020.ResultsOf the 163 patients anonymously registered in our database, 122 met entry criteria; 52% were male, the average age was 69 years old; 85% had malignancies, with a mean performance status (PPS) of 56%. The prevalence of DfD was 20%. No statistical differences were observed between patients with and without DfD regarding sex, age, marital status, religion, social support, prior PC or psychological follow-up, type of diagnosis, presence of advanced directives/living will, time since diagnosis and PC team's follow-up time. Statistically significant associations were found between higher PPS scores and DfD (OR = 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.93–0.99]); Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale scores for drowsiness (OR = 4.05; 95% CI [1.42–11.57]), shortness of breath (OR = 3.35; 95% CI [1.09–10.31]), well-being (OR = 7.64; 95% CI [1.63–35.81]). DfD was associated with being depressed (OR = 19.24; 95% CI [3.09–+inf]); feeling anxious (OR = 11.11; 95% CI [2.51–49.29]); HADS anxiety subscale ≥11 (OR = 25.0; 95% CI [2.10–298.29]); will-to-live (OR = 39.53; 95% CI [4.85–321.96]). Patients feeling a burden were more likely to desire death (OR = 14.67; 95% CI [1.85–116.17]), as well as those who were not adapted to the disease (OR = 4.08; 95% CI [1.30–12.84]). In multivariate regression analyses predicting DfD, three independent factors emerged: higher PPS scores were associated with no DfD (aOR = 0.95; 95% CI [0.91–0.99]), while the sense of being a burden (aOR = 12.82; 95% CI [1.31–125.16]) and worse well-being (aOR = 7.72; 95% CI [1.26–47.38]) predicted DfD.Significance of resultsPrevalence of DfD was 20% and consistent with previous Portuguese evidence on DfD in PC inpatients. Both physical and psychosocial factors contribute to a stronger DfD.
Kinematic Rupture Generator Based on 3‐D Spontaneous Rupture Simulations Along Geometrically Rough Faults
Authors: Savran W. H. , Olsen K. B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpontaneous rupture simulations along geometrically rough faults have been shown to produce realistic far‐field spectra and comparable fits with ground motion metrics such as spectral accelerations and peak motions from Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs), but they are too computationally demanding for use with physics‐based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis efforts. Here, we present our implementation of a kinematic rupture generator that matches the characteristics of, at least in a statistical sense, rough‐fault spontaneous rupture models. To this end, we analyze ~100 dynamic rupture simulations on strike‐slip faults with Mw ranging from 6.4 to 7.2. We find that our dynamic simulations follow empirical scaling relationships for strike‐slip events and provide source spectra comparable to a source model with ω−2 decay. To define our kinematic source model, we use a regularized Yoffe function parameterized in terms of slip, peak‐time, rise‐time, and rupture initiation time. These parameters are defined through empirical relationships with random fields whose one‐ and two‐point statistics are derived from the dynamic rupture simulations. Our rupture generator reproduces Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) West2 GMPE medians and intraevent standard deviations of spectral accelerations with periods as short as 0.2 s for ensembles of ground motion simulations. Our rupture generator produces kinematic source models for M6.4–7.2 strike‐slip scenarios that can be used in broadband physics‐based probabilistic seismic hazard efforts or to supplement data in areas of limited observations for the development of future GMPEs.
Simulations of Gravitoelastic Correlations for the Sardinian Candidate Site of the Einstein Telescope
Authors: Andric Tomislav , Harms Jan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGravity fluctuations produced by ambient seismic fields are predicted to limit the sensitivity of the next generation, gravitational wave detector Einstein Telescope at frequencies below 20 Hz. The detector will be hosted in an underground infrastructure to reduce seismic disturbances and associated gravity fluctuations. Additional mitigation might be required by monitoring the seismic field and using the data to estimate the associated gravity fluctuations and to subtract the estimate from the detector data, a technique called coherent noise cancelation. In this paper, we present a calculation of correlations between surface displacement of a seismic field and the associated gravitational fluctuations using the spectral element SPECFEM3D Cartesian software. The model takes into account the local topography at a candidate site of the Einstein Telescope at Sardinia. This paper is a first demonstration of SPECFEM3D's capabilities to provide estimates of gravitoelastic correlations, which are required for an optimized deployment of seismometers for gravity noise cancelation.
A Newly Observed Quasi‐stationary Subsurface Anticyclone of the North Brazil Undercurrent at 4°S: The Potiguar Eddy
Authors: Krelling Ana P. M. , da Silveira Ilson C. A. , Polito Paulo S. , Gangopadhyay Avijit , Martins Renato P. , Lima José Antônio M. , Marin Fernando de O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study describes a newly discovered subsurface anticyclone, called the Potiguar Eddy (PE) centered at about 4°S, 36.5°W, along the western flank of the North Brazil Undercurrent (NBUC). The PE is a quasi‐stationary elliptical feature, with major and minor axes of approximately 330 and 130 km. It extends vertically from 100 to 400 m, with maximum velocities of 0.6 m s−1 and recirculates about 2 Sv of waters from the NBUC. Despite the presence of the PE in subpycnocline waters, the surface flow is predominantly northwestward throughout the year. Analysis of moored current meter data revealed a depth‐dependent variability that reaches its highest values between about 100 and 400 m, coincident with the PE. This variability is found to be associated with a 20‐ to 30‐day second baroclinic mode waves, which can strengthen, weaken, or even reverse the currents of the PE. We highlight the possible causes for this variability to include coastally trapped waves, instabilities, and tropical instability waves or a combination thereof—which opens up new study topics for future research.
A Laboratory Study on the Isotopic Composition of Hg(0) Emitted From Hg‐Enriched Soils in Wanshan Hg Mining Area
Authors: Zhang Hui , Tan Qingyou , Zhang Leiming , Fu Xuewu , Feng Xinbin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoil Hg(0) emissions are an important source of atmospheric mercury (Hg), but the Hg isotopic signatures of this source remain poorly characterized. In this study, the fractionation of Hg isotopes during Hg (0) emissions from Hg‐enriched agricultural and forest soils in Wanshan Hg mining area were investigated through laboratory experiments. Significant mass‐dependent fractionation (MDF) of Hg isotopes and mass independent fractionation of odd Hg isotopes (odd‐MIF) were observed. Mean MDF enrichment factors (ε202HgHg(0)‐soil) of agricultural soil were in the range of −2.03‰ to −1.34‰ for agricultural soil in light‐, light moisture‐, and temperature‐controlled experiments, which were higher than those of forest soil in similar controls (means = −3.38‰ to −1.98‰). Temperature‐controlled experiments exhibited a larger MDF compared to light‐ and light moisture‐controlled experiments. Photoreduction of Hg in agricultural soil in the presence and absence of soil water generated a larger positive odd‐MIF (mean E199HgHg(0)­‐soil = 0.67‰ to 0.76‰, n = 2) than the temperature‐controlled experiments (mean E199HgHg(0)‐­soil = 0.18 ± 0.04‰, 1 SD), whereas the E199HgHg(0)‐­soil of forest soil in temperature controls (mean = 0.23 ± 0.03‰, 1 SD) were higher than that in light (mean = 0.18 ± 0.06‰, 1 SD) and light moisture‐controlled experiments (mean = −0.03 ± 0.06‰, 1 SD). It is speculated that photoreducible Hg (II) likely dominantly bound to S‐containing ligands in agricultural soil but to both S‐containing and sulfurless ligands in forest soil, resulting in significant positive odd‐MIF in Hg(0) product during photoreduction in the former case and a small magnitude of positive to some negative odd‐MIF in the latter case.
Simulating Observations of Southern Ocean Clouds and Implications for Climate
Authors: Gettelman A. , Bardeen C. G. , McCluskey C. S. , Järvinen E. , Stith J. , Bretherton C. , McFarquhar G. , Twohy C. , D'Alessandro J. , Wu W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSouthern Ocean (S. Ocean) clouds are important for climate prediction. Yet previous global climate models failed to accurately represent cloud phase distributions in this observation‐sparse region. In this study, data from the Southern Ocean Clouds, Radiation, Aerosol, Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES) experiment is compared to constrained simulations from a global climate model (the Community Atmosphere Model, CAM). Nudged versions of CAM are found to reproduce many of the features of detailed in situ observations, such as cloud location, cloud phase, and boundary layer structure. The simulation in CAM6 has improved its representation of S. Ocean clouds with adjustments to the ice nucleation and cloud microphysics schemes that permit more supercooled liquid. Comparisons between modeled and observed hydrometeor size distributions suggest that the modeled hydrometeor size distributions represent the dual peaked shape and form of observed distributions, which is remarkable given the scale difference between model and observations. Comparison to satellite observations of cloud physics is difficult due to model assumptions that do not match retrieval assumptions. Some biases in the model's representation of S. Ocean clouds and aerosols remain, but the detailed cloud physical parameterization provides a basis for process level improvement and direct comparisons to observations. This is crucial because cloud feedbacks and climate sensitivity are sensitive to the representation of S. Ocean clouds.
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases associate with and phosphorylate DHPS to promote cell proliferation
Authors: Wang Chao , Chen Zhen , Nie Litong , Tang Mengfan , Feng Xu , Su Dan , Zhang Huimin , Xiong Yun , Park Jeong-Min , Chen Junjie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ERK1/2 pathway is one of the most commonly dysregulated pathways in human cancers and controls many vital cellular processes. Although many ERK1/2 kinase substrates have been identified, the diversity of ERK1/2 mediated processes suggests the existence of additional targets. Here, we identified Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS), an essential hypusination enzyme regulating protein translation, as a major and direct-binding protein of ERK1/2. Further experiments showed that ERK1/2 phosphorylate DHPS at Ser-233 site. The Ser-233 phosphorylation of DHPS by ERK1/2 is important for its function in cell proliferation. Moreover, we found that higher DHPS expression correlated with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma and increased resistance to inhibitors of the ERK1/2 pathway. In summary, our results suggest that ERK1/2-mediated DHPS phosphorylation is an important mechanism that underlies protein translation and that DHPS expression is a potent biomarker of response to therapies targeting ERK1/2-pathway.
Glucocorticoids induce differentiation and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer by promoting ROR1-mediated stemness
Authors: Karvonen Hanna , Arjama Mariliina , Kaleva Laura , Niininen Wilhelmiina , Barker Harlan , Koivisto-Korander Riitta , Tapper Johanna , Pakarinen Päivi , Lassus Heini , Loukovaara Mikko , Bützow Ralf , Kallioniemi Olli , Murumägi Astrid , Ungureanu Daniela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlucocorticoids are routinely used in the clinic as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents as well as adjuvants during cancer treatment to mitigate the undesirable side effects of chemotherapy. However, recent studies have indicated that glucocorticoids may negatively impact the efficacy of chemotherapy by promoting tumor cell survival, heterogeneity, and metastasis. Here, we show that dexamethasone induces upregulation of ROR1 expression in ovarian cancer (OC), including platinum-resistant OC. Increased ROR1 expression resulted in elevated RhoA, YAP/TAZ, and BMI-1 levels in a panel of OC cell lines as well as primary ovarian cancer patient-derived cells, underlining the translational relevance of our studies. Importantly, dexamethasone induced differentiation of OC patient-derived cells ex vivo according to their molecular subtype and the phenotypic expression of cell differentiation markers. High-throughput drug testing with 528 emerging and clinical oncology compounds of OC cell lines and patient-derived cells revealed that dexamethasone treatment increased the sensitivity to several AKT/PI3K targeted kinase inhibitors, while significantly decreasing the efficacy of chemotherapeutics such as taxanes, as well as anti-apoptotic compounds such as SMAC mimetics. On the other hand, targeting ROR1 expression increased the efficacy of taxane drugs and SMAC mimetics, suggesting new combinatorial targeted treatments for patients with OC.
Gut microbiota patterns associated with somatostatin in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy: a prospective study
Authors: Li Guan-Qun , Zhang Tao , Yang Wei-Guang , Zhong Hao-Liang , Xiao Peng , Liu Li-Wei , Wang Yong-Wei , Chen Hua , Kong Rui , Wang Gang , Tan Hong-Tao , Bai Xue-Wei , Li Yi-Long , Li Le , Sun Bei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPostoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a common and dreaded complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The gut microbiota has been considered as an crucial mediator of postoperative complications, however, the precise roles of gut microbiota in POPF are unclear. A prospective study was developed to explore the effects of somatostatin on gut microbiota and we aim to identify the microbial alterations in the process of POPF. A total of 45 patients were randomly divided into PD group or additional somatostatin therapy group. The fecal sample of each patient was collected preoperatively and postoperatively and the gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Our study found that somatostatin therapy was independent risk factor for the occurrence of POPF, and it reduced the microbial diversity and richness in patients. At genus level, somatostatin therapy led to a decreased abundance in Bifidobacterium, Subdoligranulum and Dubosiella, whereas the abundance of Akkermansia, Enterococcus and Enterobacter were increased. The abundance levels of certain bacteria in the gut microbiota have significantly shifted in patients with POPF. The LEfSe analysis revealed that Ruminococcaceae could be used as microbial markers for distinguishing patients with high risk of POPF. Furthermore, Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia could be used as preoperative biomarkers for identifying patients without POPF. Our prospective study highlights the specific communities related with somatostatin therapy and discovers POPF-associated microbial marker, which suggests that gut microbiota may become a diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for POPF.
STAT5 promotes accessibility and is required for BATF-mediated plasticity at the Il9 locus
Authors: Fu Yongyao , Wang Jocelyn , Panangipalli Gayathri , Ulrich Benjamin J. , Koh Byunghee , Xu Chengxian , Kharwadkar Rakshin , Chu Xiaona , Wang Yue , Gao Hongyu , Wu Wenting , Sun Jie , Tepper Robert S. , Zhou Baohua , Janga Sarath Chandra , Yang Kai , Kaplan Mark H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractT helper cell differentiation requires lineage-defining transcription factors and factors that have shared expression among multiple subsets. BATF is required for development of multiple Th subsets but functions in a lineage-specific manner. BATF is required for IL-9 production in Th9 cells but in contrast to its function as a pioneer factor in Th17 cells, BATF is neither sufficient nor required for accessibility at the Il9 locus. Here we show that STAT5 is the earliest factor binding and remodeling the Il9 locus to allow BATF binding in both mouse and human Th9 cultures. The ability of STAT5 to mediate accessibility for BATF is observed in other Th lineages and allows acquisition of the IL-9-secreting phenotype. STAT5 and BATF convert Th17 cells into cells that mediate IL-9-dependent effects in allergic airway inflammation and anti-tumor immunity. Thus, BATF requires the STAT5 signal to mediate plasticity at the Il9 locus.