bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can we effectively predict the occurrence of cerebral edema in children with ketoacidosis in the course of type 1 diabetes? – case report and literature review
Authors: Jeziorny Krzysztof , Waszczykowska Arleta , Barańska Dobromiła , Szadkowska Agnieszka , Młynarski Wojciech , Zmysłowska Agnieszka 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Cerebral edema (CE) is one of the most serious complications of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and can result in central nervous system (CNS) disorders and even lead to death of the patient.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 11-year-old boy with severe DKA in the course of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D). The delay in the diagnosis of DKA and some therapeutic problems contributed to the development of CE and direct life-threatening conditions. Early diagnosis of CE development in the course of DKA using non-invasive methods such as pachymetry or transorbital ultrasound seems to be a very important prognostic factor.

Conclusions
This case highlights the importance of appropriate treatment according to the newest recommendations and presents the usefulness of new diagnostic methods to assess the risk of CE in children with newly diagnosed T1D.
Going deep: models for continuous-time within-play valuation of game outcomes in American football with tracking data
Authors: Yurko Ronald , Matano Francesca , Richardson Lee F. , Granered Nicholas , Pospisil Taylor , Pelechrinis Konstantinos , Ventura Samuel L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractContinuous-time assessments of game outcomes in sports have become increasingly common in the last decade. In American football, only discrete-time estimates of play value were possible, since the most advanced public football datasets were recorded at the play-by-play level. While measures such as expected points and win probability are useful for evaluating football plays and game situations, there has been no research into how these values change throughout the course of a play. In this work, we make two main contributions: First, we introduce a general framework for continuous-time within-play valuation in the National Football League using player-tracking data. Our modular framework incorporates several modular sub-models, to easily incorporate recent work involving player tracking data in football. Second, we use a long short-term memory recurrent neural network to construct a ball-carrier model to estimate how many yards the ball-carrier is expected to gain from their current position, conditional on the locations and trajectories of the ball-carrier, their teammates and opponents. Additionally, we demonstrate an extension with conditional density estimation so that the expectation of any measure of play value can be calculated in continuous-time, which was never before possible at such a granular level.
Healthcare, language and a free-trade agreement: Institutional logics of on-the-job Japanese language training for migrant healthcare workers
Authors: Otomo Ruriko 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Faced with a pressing demand for eldercare workers, Japan signed Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) to recruit workers from Southeast Asian countries. The EPA limits the employment period for migrant workers, unless they successfully pass the healthcare licensure examination in Japanese. Therefore, they receive on-the-job training and prepare for the examination, making their host institutions partly responsible for assisting the training and exam preparation. In this system, migrants’ Japanese ability, tested against a strict standard, is the key to their being successfully accepted as good workers. Migrant workers and their employers are thus important actors in a neoliberal logic in which mastering a specific language practice and demonstrating it on standardized tests is deemed important for one’s social mobility. To analyse how this logic is realised in a healthcare workplace, this paper draws on fieldwork data in an eldercare home employing EPA workers. The operation scheme of the EPA and institutional policy will be highlighted as underlying mechanisms for the creation of neoliberal subjects. I argue these measures primarily support the hierarchical relationships between Japanese and non-Japanese, and between employer and employee. I also discuss consequential ways in which on-the-job training has differentially impacted employment trajectories of the migrant workers.
Language regrets: mixed-ethnic children’s lost opportunity for minority language acquisition in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Janice 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Mixed-ethnic children in Japan do not usually acquire the language of their non-Japanese parent. This study looks at their lost opportunity to acquire their minority parent’s language through a retrospective investigation of their language experiences from childhood to young adulthood. Transcripts of interviews with ten mixed-ethnic children (ages 18 to 23) were analyzed based on the constructive grounded theory approach (Charmaz 2014Constructing grounded theory, 2nd edn. London: Sage). Analysis of codes which emerged from the interviews revealed that family relations, parents’ reluctance to speak the minority language and the prioritization of English were some of the factors perceived by the mixed-ethnic children to have contributed to the non-transmission of the minority language. Many of the children described their lost opportunity to acquire the minority language as regretful. Questions posed by Japanese people about their identity and language reminded some participants of their mixed-ethnicity and inability to speak the minority language. These findings suggest that the non-transmission of the minority language has long-term implications on the social and emotional well-being of mixed-ethnic children in Japan.
Transnational migrant students between inclusive discourses and exclusionary practices
Authors: Li Jia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Transnational migrant students have been found to experience marginalization in educational contexts around the world. This critical sociolinguistic ethnography explores the incorporation and learning outcomes of an as yet under-researched group: transnational migrant students from Myanmar in a border high school in China. This context is unique in that migrant students are celebrated as part of China’s soft power project to extend its international reach. Despite these welcoming discourses of diversity, transnational migrant students experience significant exclusion as a result of practices such as military-style school regulations, a Gaokao-centered curriculum, and streamed segregation. Overall, the paper highlights the necessity to pay attention to the ways in which schools reproduce social stratification of migrant students through implicit and explicit institutional practices despite celebratory diversity discourses.
Malaysia: country report on children’s environmental health
Authors: Abdullah Rozaini 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChildren’s environmental health (CEH) has become a main agenda in the National Environmental Health Action Plan (NEHAP) 2019 in Malaysia. Children are affected by exposure to many environmental hazards because they are uniquely vulnerable due to their immature immune systems and organs. This country report aims to review the environmental threats to CEH in Malaysia. There are a few key issues that have been identified, including air pollution, pesticides in food and water pollution. However, air pollution has been recognized as one of the major concerns in CEH, coming from both localized and transboundary sources. The localized sources include traffic-related air pollutants, industrial waste incinerators, land clearing and open burning. In addition, due to the tropical climate, children are exposed to fungal toxins, mycotoxins, endotoxins and allergens from classroom dust. Transboundary pollutants from neighboring countries result in recurring haze episodes in Malaysia, causing a negative impact on public health, especially in children. All in all, improving CEH in Malaysia requires all stakeholders and related agencies to recognize the issue as a problem, to develop a harmonized action plan and to work together to promote the protection of human health, specifically of children.
Botswana: country report on children’s environmental health
Authors: Erick Patience 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), 5.9 million children under age 5 died in 2015, and globally, the main causes of child deaths are pneumonia, prematurity, intrapartum-related complications, neonatal sepsis, congenital anomalies, diarrhoea, injuries and malaria. In 2012, it was reported that one quarter of childhood deaths and disease burden could have been prevented by reducing environmental risks. Children are vulnerable to environmental risks such as air pollution, inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene, hazardous chemicals and waste, radiation, climate change, as well as emerging threats like e-waste. They are particularly vulnerable to these threats due to their developing organs and immune systems, smaller bodies and airways. In 2010, there were 132,989 in-patient morbidities. This number represents a 5.2% increase from the 126,381 registered in 2009. The major causes of infant morbidity and morbidity in children under 5 years old were diarrhoea and pneumonia. Although morbidity cases increased in 2010, there was a 6% decline in in-patient mortality from 6952 registered deaths in 2009 to 6535 deaths in 2010. Pneumonia and diarrhoea were the major causes of both infant and child mortalities. In Botswana, various environmental risk factors such as contaminated water, air and soil pollution and poor waste management have been associated with children’s environmental health (CEH). The outbreaks of diarrhoea in the country have always been associated with contaminated water. In the recent outbreak of diarrhoea in August 2018, laboratory investigations attributed the outbreak of diarrhoea to rotavirus. Children (1–6 years) living in areas with high levels of traffic congestion (living near a busy road) had higher levels of lead in their blood than those who lived in areas with less traffic. Poor waste management may lead to contamination of air, soil and water. CEH has not been given the attention it deserves in Botswana. It is, therefore, time to raise awareness on the subject. Health care workers, for example, need to be trained on diseases affecting children that are due to environmental exposures. Communities as well need to be trained on environmental factors that are prevalent in their areas and the effects of those on children’s health. It is important that research should be conducted on CEH in Botswana. At the time of compiling this report, the author was not aware of any CEH network in the country or networks in the region. To raise awareness and advocacy of CEH, there is a need for the establishment of a CEH network in the country or to participate in networks in the regions.
The cultural semiotics of African encounters: Eighteenth-Century images of the Other
Authors: Dunér David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis a contribution to the cultural semiotics of African cultural encounters seen through the eyes of Swedish naturalists at the end of the eighteenth century. European travellers faced severe problems in understanding the alien African cultures they encountered; they even had difficulty understanding the other culture as a culture. They were not just other cultures that they could relate to, but often something completely different, belonging to the natural history of the human species. The Khoikhoi and other groups were believed by Europeans to be, from their perspective, the most distant culture. The Linnaean disciple Anders Sparrman and others, however, tried to transcend this cultural gap, and used their cognitive resources, such as empathy and intersubjectivity, in order to understand the alien culture they encountered.The aim of this paper is to unearth the cultural semiosis of African encounters and the intersubjective challenges that human interactions provoke. These encounters not only changed the view the travellers had of the Other, but also changed themselves and their self-perception. The encounter between the Ego and the Other is, however, not static, something predestined by the differences in their cultures, but dynamic, changing according to individual encounters and the actual intersubjective interplay that transform and change the perception of the Other. There are in particular four meaning-making processes and challenges within cultural encounters that are in focus: recognizing cultural complexity; invoking intersubjectivity; determining similarities and dissimilarities; and identifying the Other as a mirror of oneself.The triad of cultures – Ego, Alter, and Alius – can be understood as gradual and changing aspects depending on the actual situation of the encounter and the personal perspectives, interpretations, and behaviour of the thinking subjects involved. Using concrete examples from Southern and Western Africa in the 1770s and 1780s, this study aims to explore this dynamic semiosis. One of the conclusions is that the relation between the Ego and the Alter/Alius is not something only predetermined by the cultures involved and their ideologies, but also depends on the individual thinking subjects and how they use their specific cognitive and semiotic resources, not least their intersubjective abilities, within specific temporal and spatial contexts.
Mao’s Homeworld(s) – A comment on the use of propaganda posters in post-war China
Authors: Ranta Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWithin cognitive science, narratives are regarded as crucial and fundamental cognitive instruments or tools. As Roger Schank suggests, the identity of (sub-)cultures is to a considerable extent based upon the sharing of narrative structures (Schank. 1995.Tell me a story: Narrative and intelligence. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.). According to Schank, culturally shared stories, as do many other stories, occur frequently in highly abbreviated form, as “skeleton stories” or “gists.” Collective identities are conveyed in and between cultures not only through verbal discourse, but also by pictorial means. Many pictures and visual artworks have indeed been produced in order to establish and to consolidate a home-culture and to demarcate it from conceived extra-cultural counterparts.Some of my previous work on these lines has been concerned with demarcation efforts in visual media of “Jews” as extra-cultural, since the Middle Ages onwards, in the Third Reich’s iconography, as well as in modern, radicalized forms of anti-Semitic picturing in Arab media (Ranta. 2016. The (pictorial) construction of collective identities in the Third Reich.Language and Semiotic Studies2(3). 107–124, Ranta. 2017. Master narratives and the (pictorial) construction of otherness: Anti-semitic images in the Third Reich and beyond.Contemporary Aesthetics15.https://contempaesthetics.org/newvolume/pages/article.php?articleID=765(accessed 17 November 2019.). In building upon and extending this work, I shall focus in the current paper upon attempts of creating cultural and political cohesion by means of pictorial propaganda in post-war China from the early 1950’s onwards, as promoted by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) under the leadership by Mao Zedong. Some concrete pictorial examples indicating these attempts will be discussed from a narratological and cultural semiotic perspective.
The Determination of Electrochemical Active Surface Area and Specific Capacity Revisited for the System MnOx as an Oxygen Evolution Catalyst
Authors: Connor Paula , Schuch Jona , Kaiser Bernhard , Jaegermann Wolfram 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the last decades several different catalysts for the electrochemical water splitting reaction have been designed and tested. In so-called benchmark papers they are compared with respect to their efficiency and activity. In order to relate the different catalyst to each other the definition of well-defined procedures is required. Two different methods are mainly used: Either the normalization with respect to the geometric surface area or to the catalyst loading. Most often only one of these values is available for a sample and the other one cannot be estimated easily. One approach in electrocatalysis is to determine the Helmholtz double layer capacitance (DLC) and deduce the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA). The DLC can be obtained from two different methods, either using differential capacitance measurement (DCM) or impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The second value needed for the calculation of the ECSA is the specific capacitance, which is the capacitance for a perfectly flat surface of given catalyst material. Here, we present the determination of the different capacitance values using manganese oxide as the exemplary model for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We determine the capacitance by DCM and EIS to calculate the ECSA using literature values for the specific capacitance. The obtained values are comparable from the two methods, but are much larger than the surface areas obtained by atomic force microscopy. Therefore, we consider the possibility of using the measured AFM area together with the Helmholtz capacitance to determine the specific capacitances for this material class. The comparison of these results with literature values illustrates the actual limits of the ECSA method, which will be discussed in this paper.
Legal analysis of the content of the category «criminal law impact»
Authors: Lapshin Valery F. 
Published: January 2020

The category of criminal law impact is currently being actively studied in the domestic legal science for the relationship with the content of the categories of criminal punishment, other measures of a criminal law nature, criminal liability. In the presented study, the problem of determining the types of criminal law influence and the peculiarities of their implementation, depending on the presence or absence of certain legally significant features, is posed. Given the stated problems, the subject of the study is determined in the form of criminal law norms that enshrine deprivation and legal restrictions that apply to persons who have committed a socially dangerous act prohibited by criminal law.
The application in the process of research of a combination of general scientific and private scientific methods allowed us to formulate the final conclusion that the criminal legal effect is realized as a result of the application of criminal liability measures and other measures of a criminal legal nature. Criminal liability is realized on general and preferential terms. The basis for the use of the latter is the fact of positive post-criminal behavior, which significantly reduces the social danger of the perpetrator.
LEARNER STRATEGIES AND COMMUNICATIVE ACQUISITION: LEARNER’S AUTONOMY FROM THE INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Nath Keshav , Meena Neha 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To investigate the conscious strategies learners use in acquiring language skills, though the main focus of the investigation has been on communicative strategies used in the SLA environment coping with communication difficulties in the target language situation.
Methodology: A survey has been conducted of 100 BBA students (to understand the strategies adopted by them) with the help of questionnaires and follow up interviews which are used for observations in this study.
Main findings: Learners do indulge different kinds of learning strategies and the choice of these strategies depends on the aim, objective and situation. Also, this selection/choice vary from learner to learner.
Applications: This study will be useful for the teachers and students of ELT, EFL, and SLA to understand how learning strategies affect learning.
Novelty: The goal of this study is to monitor learner strategies and to develop the learners’ motivational or affective level, or methods of selecting, organizing, acquiring and integrating new knowledge of the students. (Chamot and O’Malley, 1990), then by providing them with the tools to self-regulate their learning autonomy will be functional.
Financial education and the level of basic financial knowledge and its usage among people with Asperger syndrome
Authors: Fraczek Bozena , Gagat Matula Anna 
Published: January 2020

We measured the fundamental financial knowledge and the level of using basic financial offers by persons with Asperger syndrome. It was pilot study. The method of diagnostic survey was used. The questionnaire used in the study was authorship, developed on the basis of S&P Global FinLit Survey, conducted by World Bank Development Research Group and GFLEC. The purposive sampling was used for this aim. 32 persons aged 16-22 with Asperger syndrome took part in the study. The results show that respondents are able to use theoretical knowledge acquired in the process of education and know the mechanism of simple and compound interest. Unfortunately, they have a significantly lower level of knowledge than an average citizen in the field of less standard issues, and reveal problems in practical use of the mentioned knowledge. It is recommended to expand the financial education and introduction of special programs for persons with communication disorders.
Keywords: Asperger syndrome, financial education, financial knowledge, financial inclusion
Study on the influence mechanism of underground mineral element Fe(II) on Cr(VI) transformation under subsurface and groundwater interaction zones
Authors: Zheng Yiru , Liu Shuguang , Dai Chaomeng , Duan Yanping , Makhinov Aleksei Nikolavich , Hon Leong Kah , Júnior José Tavares Araruna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : With the acceleration of urbanization, heavy metal contamination in subsurface water and groundwater is becoming more and more serious, and the interaction between surface water and underground water is an important factor that can't be ignored. Based on the change of oxygen content in surface water and groundwater environment, this research mainly studied the influencing factors and mechanism of underground mineral element Fe (II) on the morphological transformation of heavy metal Cr (VI) under the condition of surface groundwater interaction, and simulates the interaction process of subsurface groundwater by changing the dissolved oxygen content in the redox reaction system of dissolved Fe(II) and Cr(VI). The influence mechanism of pH, Fe (II): Cr (VI), groundwater hardness ion and humic acid on the morphological transformation of Cr (VI) was investigated. Results: The results showed that the content of DO did affect the conversion of Fe (II) to Cr (VI). pH had a great influence on the redox reaction: while pH=3~5,the reaction rate of Fe (II) and Cr (VI) and the removal rate of Cr (VI) decreased with the increase of pH; while pH=6~8, the reaction rate and the removal of Cr (VI) increased with the increase of pH. When Fe (II) : Cr (VI)=3:1, the reaction of Fe (II) and Cr (VI) is affected by DO；when Fe (II) : Cr (VI) is 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 and 5:1, DO has no obvious effect on the reaction. Groundwater hardness ions can greatly promote the redox reaction. When humic acid exists in the reaction system, the Fe (III) formed by the oxidation of Fe (II) by Cr (VI) will once again be converted into soluble Fe (II), the reduction of humic acid further promote the redox reaction between Fe (II) and Cr (VI), and promote the conversion of Cr (VI) by Fe (II) more effectively. Moreover, the higher the concentration of humic acid, the higher the removal rate of Cr (VI). Conclusions: The research results have practical guiding significance for groundwater contamination prediction, pollution control and remediation, integrated water resources management and the construction of sponge city in China.