bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POSTERIOR TRACTIONAL MEMBRANES FOLLOWING ANTI–VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR FOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
Authors: Al-Khaled Tala , Cole Emily , Valikodath Nita G. , Khanifar Aziz A. , Johnson Dina , Scripsema Nicole K. , Chau Felix Y. , Capone Antonio , Chan Robison Vernon Paul 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To report two cases of tractional membrane formation following treatment with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in infants with Stage-3 retinopathy of prematurity.

Methods:
Retrospective review of electronic medical record for historical information, clinical examination documentation, and imaging from fundus photography, retinal ultrasonography, and fluorescein angiography.

Results:
Two patients with Stage-3 retinopathy of prematurity, previously treated with laser therapy and intravitreal bevacizumab, were referred to our institution for tractional membranes. The first case is of a male infant with Zone-II disease that progressed to Stage 4A with evidence of inferotemporal tractional retinal detachment only in the left eye. The second case is of a male infant with stable Zone-I disease with an epiretinal membrane in the left eye.
Pars plicata vitrectomy and membranectomy were required for both cases because of the concern for subsequent tractional retinal detachment.

Conclusion:
Formation of tractional retinal membranes has been associated with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. These cases describe the formation of posterior tractional membranes after anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. This potential ocular outcome should be considered when determining treatment plans for retinopathy of prematurity.
Incorporating a virtual curriculum into ophthalmology education in the coronavirus disease-2019 era
Authors: Mishra Kapil , Boland Michael V. , Woreta Fasika A. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to describe the transition of ophthalmology education to a virtual curriculum during the COVID-19 pandemic. We highlight innovative solutions ophthalmic educators implemented for medical students, residents, and fellows.

Recent findings
Clinical and surgical ophthalmology volume abruptly decreased in March 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 public health crisis. All didactics, grand rounds, and journal clubs shifted to an online format. Ophthalmic educators collaborated with other institutions in the United States and abroad on shared virtual curricula and seminars, and simulation-based training tools were better emphasized for surgical skill acquisition. We share the latest literature written by ophthalmic educators on successful adaptation of these new instructional strategies.

Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic transformed ophthalmology education overnight and accelerated the adoption of innovative e-virtual learning resources for trainees. These changes will undoubtedly remain part of the new paradigm of medical education in the post-COVID era.
Assessing Postvoid Residual to Identify Risk for Urinary Complications Post Stroke
Authors: Smith Carolyn E. , Schneider Melissa A. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: After a stroke, urinary dysfunction and urinary tract infection are estimated to be approximately 20%. Increased postvoid residual (PVR) is a risk factor for urinary dysfunction and urinary tract infections. These complications can negatively impact recovery weeks after the initial hospitalization. Early identification of risks and patient education are important. PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This project was initiated for those patients admitted for a diagnosis of stroke on a 55-bed neuroscience unit in an acute care hospital. Patients were scanned after the initial void post stroke. Nurses followed a specific bladder scanning algorithm for subsequent scanning if the PVR volume was greater than 100 mL. RESULTS: Seventy-eight patients were scanned in the original phase of the project, and 41 (53%) had PVR volumes greater than 100 mL after the initial void/scan. Of those, 22 patients still had a volume of greater than 100 mL after the second void/scan, and 12 had PVR volumes greater than 100 mL after a third scan. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Patients admitted with stroke have demonstrated increased PVR volumes. Portable ultrasound bladder scanning is a safe, noninvasive method to measure residual urinary volumes. The use of a bladder scanning algorithm encourages nurses' autonomy in assessing and identifying patients at a higher risk for urinary complications. CONCLUSION: Identifying the risk for urinary complications post stroke can lead to early interventions that can improve recovery. This also allows for specific patient education related to preventative measures to reduce risk of urinary complications. The use of a specific bladder scanning protocol is recommended as standard practice for all patients admitted with stroke.
Dose Augmentation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors is Frequently Performed in Persons With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Absence of Objective Evidence of Active Inflammation
Authors: Elias Evan D. , Bernstein Charles N. , Singh Harminder , Oketola Adebanke , Krishnan Sandeep , Targownik Laura E. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) dose augmentation is frequently utilized in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet the extent to which clinicians assess for objective markers of inflammation before using the strategy is unknown.

Aims:
To determine the incidence of anti-TNF dose augmentation and the frequency with which it is preceded by the objective assessment of IBD activity.

Materials and Methods:
All 23 prescribers of anti-TNF for IBD in Manitoba facilitated chart review of their adult anti-TNF users from 2005 to 2016. Time from anti-TNF initiation to dose augmentation was recorded for all previously biologic-naïve patients. The practices of 11 of 23 prescribers were audited in greater detail and the biochemical, imaging, and endoscopic investigations conducted in the 90-day preceding dose augmentation extracted.

Results:
A total of 838 patients met inclusion criteria; 70.4% had Crohn’s disease, whereas 29.6% had ulcerative colitis or IBD unclassified. The median duration of follow-up was 22.6 [interquartile range (IQR), 10.3-43.2] months for adalimumab and 28.4 (IQR, 10.2-59.9) months for infliximab (P=0.01). The cumulative incidence of dose augmentation at 12 months was 32.9%. Dose augmentation occurred more often in ulcerative colitis than in Crohn’s disease (hazard ratio, 1.83; IQR, 1.36-2.47). Overall, 70.7% of patients underwent some form of testing to assess the inflammatory burden before dose augmentation. Objective evidence of inflammation supporting dose augmentation was documented in only 24.7% of cases.

Conclusions:
One third of previously biologic-naïve patients had anti-TNF doses increased within the first 12 months of treatment. Dose augmentation frequently occurred in the absence of objective evidence of inflammatory disease activity.
The efficacy and safety of Banxia-Houpo-Tang for chronic pharyngitis
Authors: Xu Chenyi , Yue Rensong , Lv Xuelian , Wu Tingchao , Yang Maoyi , Chen Yuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Chronic pharyngitis is a common disease with a dry throat, sore throat, pharyngeal itching, dry cough, and difficulty in swallowing, bringing inconvenience to patients’ daily life. Banxia-Houpo-Tang (BHT) has proven to be effective in the treatment of chronic pharyngitis, yet its real extent is not well understood. To prove this point, we will perform a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of BHT for chronic pharyngitis.

Methods/design:
We will search for electronic databases both English and Chinese from inception to December 2019. Two experienced researchers select the qualified articles from: The Cochrane Library, EBM Reviews, OVID, Web of Science, PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database (CAJD), China Biomedical Literature database (CBM), VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP). Journal Integration Platform and WAN FANG Database. We select the appropriate searching language. The primary outcome was remission rate, and the secondary outcomes include clinical symptoms, clinical examination, adverse event. Data extraction and quality assessment will be conducted by 2 experienced researchers independently. Data analysis and the risk of bias assessment will be determined by RevMan 5.3 software.

Results:
Based on the current proofs, we will get the exact evidence about the safety and effectiveness of BHT in the treatment of chronic pharyngitis.

Conclusion:
Our study is the first meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BHT in the treatment of chronic pharyngitis, and it will provide evidence for alternative treatment for the management of chronic pharyngitis.

OSF Registration number:
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/QNF6X
Early mobilization for children in intensive therapy
Authors: Gomes Samantha Guerra Cabó Nunes , Nakano Luis Carlos Uta , Pinto Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes , Avila Rafael Bernardes de , Santos Felipe Kenzo Yadoya , Areias Libnah Leal , Trevisani Virginia Fernandes Mo�a , Guedes Neto Henrique Jorge , Flumignan Ronald Luiz Gomes 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Intensive care units focus primarily on life support and treatment of critically ill patients, but there are many survivors with complications, such as generalized muscle disorders, functional disability and reduced quality of life after hospital discharge, resulting from prolonged stays in these units. The current evidence suggests that early mobilization-based rehabilitation (exercise initiated immediately after the patient's significant physiological changes have stabilized) in critically ill adults can alleviate these complications from immobility and critical illness. However, there are a lack of practice guidelines, conflicting perceptions about safety, and knowledge gaps about benefits in the critically ill paediatric population. Therefore, we aim to assess the effects of early mobilization for children in intensive therapy.

Methods and analysis:
Systematic searches will be carried out in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Latin American and Caribbean Centre on Health Sciences Information, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature and physiotherapy evidence database databases at a minimum without date or language restrictions for relevant individual parallel, cross-over and cluster randomized controlled trials. In addition, a search will also be carried out in the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and in the clinical trial registries of ClinicalTrials.gov, looking for any on-going randomised controlled trials that compare early mobilization with any other type of intervention. Two review authors will independently perform data extraction and quality assessments of data from included studies, and any disagreements will be resolved by discussion or by arbitration. The primary outcomes will be mortality and adverse events. Secondary outcomes will include duration of critical care (days), duration of mechanical ventilation support, muscle strength, pain and neuropsychomotor development. The Cochrane handbook will be used for guidance. If the results are not appropriate for a meta-analysis in RevMan 5 software (e.g., if the data have considerable heterogeneity and are drawn from different comparisons), a descriptive analysis will be performed.

Ethics and dissemination:
This protocol was prospectively registered at Open Science Framework and approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Federal University of Sao Paulo (8543210519). We intend to update the public registry used in this review, report any important protocol amendments and publish the results in a widely accessible journal.

Registration:
osf.io/ebju9.
Primary ovarian small cell carcinoma of hypercalcemic type in a pregnant woman
Authors: Feng Min , Yang Kaixuan , Xu Lian , Zhang Yan , Zou Juan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Ovarian small cell carcinoma of hypercalcemic type (OSCCHT) is a relatively rare and highly fatal gynecological malignancy of unknown histogenesis, affecting mainly girls and young women. OSCCHT occurring during pregnancy is an uncommon event, and preoperative diagnosis of this malignancy is much more difficult in pregnant than non-pregnant women. The aim of this study was to describe a rare case of primary OSCCHT in a pregnant woman and to review the current literature.

Patient concerns:
Here we present a case of OSCCHT in a 21-year-old patient in the 32nd week of gestation, who had abdominal pain and irregular vaginal bleeding for 5 hours. Because placental abruption, stillbirth, and hemorrhagic shock were suspected, she subsequently underwent diagnostic laparotomy. During the hysterotomy delivery and exploratory laparotomy, we found a dead fetus in the uterus and a large tumor mass arising from her left ovary. Plasma-based detection showed that the patient had a slightly elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) level and normal serum calcium. After surgery, her serum PTH levels returned to normal.

Diagnosis and interventions:
The patient was initially treated with surgery. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, as well as the following additional procedures: appendectomy, sigmoidectomy, debulking of extra-ovarian tumor, lymph node dissection, and peritoneal biopsies. The patient, who was in the third trimester of pregnancy, was diagnosed with OSCCHT that was confirmed to be Stage III. She was recommended chemotherapy after surgery, but she declined chemotherapy.

Outcomes:
Unfortunately, the patient died 5 months after surgery.

Lessons:
OSCCHT is a very rare and highly aggressive tumor type. The clinical symptoms of this tumor are nonspecific, and pathological examination remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced stage disease and do not respond to chemotherapy. The prognosis of OSCCHT is generally poor, and no treatment guidelines are available as yet. For pregnant woman, OSCCHT is especially harmful to the mother and may indirectly lead to the death of the fetus.
Effects of inositol and alpha lipoic acid combination for polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Lei Wenwen , Gao Yang , Hu Shiruo , Liu Dongying , Chen Qiu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an intricate and multifactorial disease, has characteristics of diverse clinical, metabolic and endocrine disorder. It represents a primary cause of infertility in reproductive women, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. Several small studies have indicated that inositol and alpha lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation can ameliorate the outcomes in terms of menstrual cyclicity, ovulation and hyperinsulinemia in PCOS women. However, there is a lack of sufficient evidence to affirm this practice. Consequently, we aim to objectively review and estimate the efficacy and safety of inositol plus ALA in adult women suffering from PCOS.

Methods and analysis:
We will retrieve PubMed, EMBASE, The Web of Science, The Cochrane Library of Controlled Trials, Clinical Trials.gov, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP database), Wan-Fang database with no specific limitations on language. Simultaneously we will manually retrieve reference lists and grey literature to acquire potential eligibility. We will restrict our search to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of inositol in combination with ALA for PCOS. Researchers will separately identify studies, extract data and evaluate the quality of studies. We will conduct risk of bias estimates, data synthesis and analysis using Review Manager 5.3 software.

Results and conclusion:
The study will comprehensively determine the effectiveness and safety of inositol conjunct with ALA therapy for PCOS. Meanwhile we intend to disseminate the final findings in a peer-reviewed journal to help patients, clinicians and health policymakers select treatment strategy of PCOS by providing high-quality evidence.
The effect of acupuncture on the quality of life of patients recovering from COVID-19
Authors: Wen Dengpeng , Wu Liu , Dong Yuting , Huang Ju , Ren Kuiyu , Jiang Jianzhen , Dai Shunxin , Zhao Wei , Xu Xinwei , Peng Dezhong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Assessing the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapy for treating patients with COVID-19 is the main purpose of this systematic review protocol.

Methods:
The following electronic databases will be searched from inception to May 2020: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wan-Fang Database, and Chinese Scientific Journal Database. All published randomized controlled trials in English or Chinese related to acupuncture for COVID-19 will be included. Primary outcomes are timing of the disappearance of the main symptoms (including fever, asthenia, cough disappearance rate, and temperature recovery time), and serum cytokine levels. Secondary outcomes are timing of the disappearance of accompanying symptoms (such as myalgia, expectoration, stuffiness, runny nose, pharyngalgia, anhelation, chest distress, dyspnea, crackles, headache, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea), negative COVID-19 results rates on two consecutive occasions (not on the same day), CT image improvement, average hospitalization time, occurrence rate of common type to severe form, clinical cure rate, and mortality.

Results:
The results will provide a high-quality synthesis of current evidence for researchers in this subject area.

Conclusion:
The conclusion of our study will provide an evidence to judge whether acupuncture is an effective intervention for patients suffered from COVID-19.

Ethics and dissemination:
Formal ethical approval is not necessary as the data cannot be individualized. The results of this protocol will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal or presented at relevant conferences.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42020183736.
A case report of pediatric neurotrophic keratopathy in pontine tegmental cap dysplasia treated with cenegermin eye drops
Authors: Fausto Riccardo , Ceccuzzi Roberto , Micheletti Eleonora , Clerici Riccardo , Riva Ivano , Katsanos Andreas , Oddone Francesco , Quaranta Luciano 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
To report the management of recalcitrant neurotrophic keratopathy in a pediatric patient affected by pontine tegmental cap dysplasia (PTCD) using topical human recombinant nerve growth factor (hrNGF, Cenegermin 20 μg/ml). To the best of our knowledge the present case is one of the few described in patients with congenital NK treated with Cenegermin, and the first in a patient affected by PTCD.

Patient Concerns:
A 9-year-old patient, affected by PTCD with bilateral cranial nerve V1 and VIII palsies, was referred to our hospital for visual disturbances and redness of the right eye due to persistent neurotrophic epithelial defect. The patient presented marked developmental delay, ataxia, bilateral hypoacusia, and bilateral corneal severe hypoaesthesia. Ocular history revealed multiple treatments in order to treat neurotrophic ulcer in the left eye. Four years later, he developed a persistent epithelial defect with corneal anesthesia in the right eye.

Diagnoses:
The impaired trigeminal nerve function, due to the underlying congenital disease, led to the development of moderate NK (stage II) in the right eye and a mild NK (stage I) in the left eye.

Interventions:
Cenegermin 20 μg/ml eye-drop was administered in both eyes. Treatment was continued for 8 weeks. The patient was assessed after 4 and 8 week of treatment. At each follow-up visit, treatment efficacy and adverse events were evaluated.

Outcomes:
The use of Cenegermin eye drops facilitated the remarkable resolution of the neurotrophic keratopathy and the improvement of corneal sensitivity in both eyes. No local or systemic adverse events were observed.

Lessons:
Topical Cenegermin 20 μg/ml was well-tolerated and may represent a valuable therapeutic option in the management of pediatric neurotrophic keratopathy.
Meta-analysis of multiple hematological biomarkers as prognostic predictors of survival in bladder cancer
Authors: Zhang Lianghao , Li Longqing , Liu Junxiao , Wang Jiange , Fan Yafeng , Dong Biao , Zhu Zhaowei , Zhang Xuepei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Accumulating emerging studies have demonstrated that systemic inflammation can obviously affect tumor occurrence and progression. Nevertheless, the prognostic value of hematological inflammation biomarkers in bladder cancer is controversial. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the key hematological biomarkers with various clinical outcomes in bladder cancer.

Methods:
We used online databases PUBMED and EMBASE to search relevant studies published prior to August 2019. After collecting the basic characteristics and prognostic data from the studies included, overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were used as primary results. Subgroup analyses were performed according to ethnicity, the number of samples, survival outcomes, the value of cut-off, follow-up time and metastasis stage.

Results:
Thirty-three independent studies with 17,087 bladder cancer patients were added in the present analysis. The collected results showed that the increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was associated with a poor OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32–1.67, P < .00001), CSS (HR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.35–2.18, P < .0001) and PFS (HR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.38–1.83, P < .00001). Additionally, the elevated platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was related to a poor OS (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.07–1.54, P = .007), CSS (HR = 1.14, 95%CI = 0.98–1.34, P = .02) and PFS (HR = 1.2, 95%CI: 1.08–1.34, P = .0008). Moreover, a decreased lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio was associated with a poor OS (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.70–0.84, P = .001), CSS (HR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.70–0.84). An elevated modified Glasgow prognostic score was also associated with a poor OS (HR = 2.71, 95%CI: 1.08–2.82, P = .003), CSS (HR = 1.50, 95%CI: 0.56–4.05) and PFS (HR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.23–1.88, P = .001).

Conclusions:
Our study indicated that the pretreatment hematological biomarkers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, and modified Glasgow prognostic score) were predicative biomarkers of prognosis in bladder cancer patients. Further research is needed to conduct further prospective and multicenter studies to confirm our findings.