bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling an intrinsically safe and high‐energy‐density 4.5 V‐class Li‐ion battery with nonflammable electrolyte
Authors: Zeng Ziqi , Liu Xingwei , Jiang Xiaoyu , Liu Zhenjie , Peng Zhangquan , Feng Xiangming , Chen Weihua , Xia Dingguo , Ai Xinping , Yang Hanxi , Cao Yuliang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDeveloping nonflammable electrolyte with a wide electrochemical window has become an urgent demand for high‐energy‐density and high‐safe lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a fluorinated nonflammable phosphate electrolyte is developed to construct a safe 4.5 V‐class LIB (Si‐SiC‐C/0.35Li2MnO3·0.65LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2). The proposed fluorinated phosphate electrolyte, 0.8 M LiPF6/tris(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TFEP) + 5 vol% fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) + 5 vol% vinylene carbonate (VC), is not only completely nonflammable but also exhibits excellent oxidative/reductive stability on 0.35Li2MnO3·0.65LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 cathode and Si‐SiC‐C anode. The in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy proved that TFEP‐based electrolyte does not decompose into gases but forms a high‐quality electrode‐electrolyte interface on cathode surface at high working potential. The 4.5 V‐class LIBs using 0.8 M LiPF6 TFEP‐based nonflammable electrolyte shed some light on potential application for high‐safe and low‐cost larger‐scale energy storage.image
Quercetin radiosensitizes non‐small cell lung cancer cells through the regulation of miR‐16‐5p/WEE1 axis
Authors: Wang Qi , Chen Yaokun , Lu Haijun , Wang Haiji , Feng Hui , Xu Jinpeng , Zhang Biyuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundQuercetin, a widely distributed bioflavonoid, plays a role in combating diverse human cancers including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the role of quercetin in reversing the radioresistance of NSCLC cells and its underlying mechanism are far from being elucidated.MethodRadiation‐resistant NSCLC cell lines were established. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR‐16‐5p and WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase (WEE1) mRNA in radiation‐resistant cells. After being treated with different concentrations of quercetin and different doses of X‐ray, cell proliferation and apoptosis were monitored by CCK‐8 assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Ultimately, the targeting relationship between miR‐16‐5p and WEE1 was verified via a dual fluorescent reporter gene assay.ResultsThe expression of miR‐16‐5p was down‐regulated in radiation‐resistant cells, while the expression of WEE1 was up‐regulated. Quercetin enhanced the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Furthermore, quercetin treatment increased the expression of miR‐16‐5p and decreased the expression of WEE1. The function of quercetin was reversed by miR‐16‐5p inhibitors or the transfection of WEE1 overexpressing plasmids.ConclusionIn conclusion, quercetin enhanced the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells via modulating the expression of miR‐16‐5p and WEE1.
Continuous Production of l‐Alanine Using Pseudomonas dacunhae Immobilized with Carrageenan
Authors: Yamamoto Kozo , Tosa Tetsuya , Chibata Ichiro 
Published: February 2020

SummaryContinuous production of l‐alanine from l‐aspartic acid using immobilized Pseudomonas dacunhae was investigated. Pseudomonas dacunhae cells were immobilized with carrageenan gel. The l‐aspartate β‐decarboxylase activity of immobilized cells was enhanced by incubating the immobilized cells with a solution of 1M ammonium l‐aspartate (pH 5.5) containing 0.1mM pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate (PLP) at 37°C over 20 hr. The enzyme activity of immobilized cells was 59% that of intact cells. The pH profile of the enzyme reaction was broader in the immobilized cells than in the free cells. The enzyme activity of immobilized cells was maintained through repeated uses when a substrate solution containing 0.1mM PLP was used. Complete conversion of l‐aspartate to l‐alanine was attained when a solution of 2M ammonium l‐aspartate (pH 6.2) containing 0.1mM PLP was passed upward through the immobilized cell column at a retention time of 8 hr at 37°C. Glutaraldehyde treatment of the immobilized cells resulted in a slight decrease of the enzyme activity but a marked increase of the operational stability. The half‐life of enzyme activity was 46 days in glutaraldehyde‐treated immobilized cells.
Systematic microsolvation approach with a cluster‐continuum scheme and conformational sampling
Authors: Simm Gregor N. , Türtscher Paul L. , Reiher Markus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSolvation is a notoriously difficult and nagging problem for the rigorous theoretical description of chemistry in the liquid phase. Successes and failures of various approaches ranging from implicit solvation modeling through dielectric continuum embedding and microsolvated quantum chemical modeling to explicit molecular dynamics highlight this situation. Here, we focus on quantum chemical microsolvation and discuss an explicit conformational sampling ansatz to make this approach systematic. For this purpose, we introduce an algorithm for rolling and automated microsolvation of solutes. Our protocol takes conformational sampling and rearrangements in the solvent shell into account. Its reliability is assessed by monitoring the evolution of the spread and average of the observables of interest.
Intergroup fears and concerns among minority and majority groups: Implications for contact and attitudes
Authors: Stathi Sofia , Pavetich Melissa , Di Bernardo Gian Antonio , Cadamuro Alessia , Cocco Veronica Margherita , Vezzali Loris 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsDriven by the literature on pluralistic ignorance, our research investigates fear of appearing racist, being rejected, discriminated, and disinterest in intergroup contact as antecedents of contact and outgroup attitudes, focusing on attributional differences between the majority and minority group perspectives.MethodsQuestionnaires were distributed in schools in Northern Italy. Participants were 400 Italian and 141 immigrant high‐school students.ResultsThe results showed that the lack of interest in contact was the strongest predictor of contact for the majority group. For the minority group, fear of rejection emerged as the strongest predictor. The majority group attributed the minority to avoid contact most strongly due to the fear that they would be rejected, and the minority group perceived it was due to the majority not being interested in contact.ConclusionOur research contributes to understanding the divergent concerns the majority and minority groups have in relation to intergroup contact and discusses the importance of tackling these concerns.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure‐Response Modeling Analyses of Ustekinumab in Adults With Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Xu Yan , Hu Chuanpu , Chen Yang , Miao Xin , Adedokun Omoniyi J. , Xu Zhenhua , Sharma Amarnath , Zhou Honghui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) and exposure‐response (E‐R) relationship of ustekinumab, an anti‐interleukin‐12/interleukin‐23 (IL‐12/IL‐23) human monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC), population PK and E‐R modeling analyses were conducted based on the data from the pivotal phase 3 induction and maintenance studies in UC patients. The observed serum concentration‐time data of ustekinumab were adequately described by a 2‐compartment linear PK model with first‐order absorption and first‐order elimination. Body weight, baseline serum albumin, sex, and antibodies to ustekinumab were the covariates to influence ustekinumab PK, but the magnitudes of the effects of these covariates were not considered clinically relevant, and dose adjustment was not warranted. Positive E‐R relationships were demonstrated between ustekinumab exposure metrics and clinical endpoints (including clinical response, clinical remission, and endoscopic healing based on Mayo score) at induction week 8 and maintenance week 44, consistent with the effectiveness of ustekinumab in the induction and maintenance treatment of patients with UC. E‐R modeling results suggest that ustekinumab ∼6 mg/kg intravenous induction and 90‐mg subcutaneous every‐8‐week maintenance dose would produce greater efficacy than the 130 mg intravenous induction and the 90‐mg subcutaneous every‐12‐week maintenance regimen, respectively. Our work provides a comprehensive evaluation of ustekinumab PK and E‐R in a modeling framework to support ustekinumab dose recommendations in patients with UC.
Micromorphology, pharmacognosy, and bio‐elemental analysis of an important medicinal herb: Verbascum thapsus L.
Authors: Khan Shafqat Ali , Dastagir Ghulam , Uza Noor Ul , Muhammad Akhtar , Ullah Rahim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study was conducted on characterization of morpho‐anatomical, phytochemical, and bio‐elemental analysis of root, stem, and leaf of Verbascum thapsus. Morphologically Verbascum is a biennial plant that flowers for a month and a half in mid‐ to late summer. Various organoleptic features of root, leaf, and stem were recorded. Anatomically the T. S of the root, stem, and leaf showed a typical dicot histological differentiation. Leaf possessed anomocytic stomata, crescent shape vascular bundles, and covered with long and stellate type trichomes while, stem contained collateral type of vascular bundles and a well‐developed pith to store phytochemicals responsible for various pharmacological activities. The powder drug study through scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of various types of tissues. Branched, tree like and stellate trichomes in root and leaf help in absorption and reduce loss of water. These anatomical features are responsible for the survival of the plant as biennial. Four macro elements (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and seven microelements (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Cd) and their concentrations in ppm were also studied using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract showed existence of various secondary metabolites, while mucilage and anthraquinones was not detected. The present study helps to understand the taxonomic identification of the plant based on morpho‐anatomical features and throws the attention of the researchers to carry out the work for developing its various formulations, which can ultimately be beneficial for the human beings as well as animals.
Impact of hereditary pancreatitis on patients and their families
Authors: Shelton Celeste A. , Grubs Robin E. , Umapathy Chandraprakash , Yadav Dhiraj , Whitcomb David C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHereditary pancreatitis (HP), a highly penetrant (~80%) autosomal dominant disease associated with PRSS1 variants, causes acute pancreatitis in childhood and chronic pancreatitis by early adulthood. Other clinical features include pain, diabetes, and risk of pancreatic cancer. HP kindreds were prospectively recruited from 1995 to 2015. At enrollment, study participants completed medical and family history questionnaires, and provided samples for genotyping. Participants were recontacted between 2015 and 2017 and asked to complete a survey on concerns and experiences related to HP, PRSS1 testing, and genetic counseling. Data were analyzed with descriptive and thematic methods. Thirty‐nine affected participants with HP and 21 unaffected family members completed the survey. Among unaffected family members, ‘worry’ and ‘helplessness’ were frequently described as the most difficult problem in their family because of HP, particularly with regard to pain. Three participants described the impact of drug addiction on their family. ‘School or work limitations’ was the leading financial concern, with 65.5% (36/55) rating it as ‘moderately’ or ‘extremely important.’ Unexpectedly, only 62% (21/34) of affected PRSS1 carriers believed the chance for a parent to pass HP to his or her children was 50%, whereas 18% (6/34) believed the chance was 100%. The impact of HP on individuals and families varied, which may reflect the highly unpredictable nature of HP severity and outcomes. Based on current and previously reported findings, an overview of important issues for genetic counselors to consider for counseling HP families is included.
Wilson disease in Costa Rica: Pediatric phenotype and genotype characterization
Authors: Penon‐Portmann Monica , Lotz‐Esquivel Stephanie , Chavez Carrera Alejandra , Jiménez‐Hernández Mildred , Alvarado‐Romero Danny , Segura‐Cordero Sharon , Rimolo‐Donadio Fiorella , Hevia‐Urrutia Francisco , Mora‐Guevara Alfredo , Saborío‐Rocafort Manuel , Jiménez‐Arguedas Gabriela , Badilla‐Porras Ramsés 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of Wilson disease (WD) in Costa Rica is among the highest reported in the world, 4.9:100 000. Previous investigators have also described a burden of autosomal recessive conditions in this country. Genetic testing for WD began in 2010 as a strategy for earlier detection due to the country's high prevalence. Here we describe what we have learned about the genotype and phenotype of the Costa Rican pediatric population with WD.MethodsWe completed a retrospective review of medical records from pediatric individuals (<18 years of age) with molecular testing for ATP7B between 2010 and 2015. We documented phenotype and genotype for cases with WD as defined by the international scoring system.ResultsThirty‐four WD cases from 28 families were included, 15 female and 19 male patients. The most frequent pathogenic variant in ATP7B was NM_000053:c.3809A>G, p.Asn1270Ser, with 58.8% of affected individuals homozygous for this variant. Age of diagnosis ranged from 1 to 17 years, with an average of 8.8 ± 3.6 years. All individuals who presented with acute liver failure (n = 6) were homozygous for the p.Asn1270Ser variant (Chi‐squared, P < .05).DiscussionMolecular testing has facilitated the detection of presymptomatic patients with WD in Costa Rica. We hope that ongoing efforts in the delivery of clinical services lead to optimized molecular screening for WD and other genetic conditions in Costa Rica.
Understanding hormone and hormone therapies' impact on the auditory system
Authors: Williamson Tanika T. , Zhu Xiaoxia , Pineros Jennifer , Ding Bo , Frisina Robert D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and aldosterone all demonstrate vital roles in sustaining auditory function through either the maintenance of cochlear neurons, up/down regulation of critical molecules (i.e., IGF‐1, BDNF, etc.), or generation of the endocochlear potential. With disease and/or age, hormone expression begins to decline drastically, which ultimately affects cochlear structures and the integrity of cochlear cells. The following review explores the latest findings as well as realistic outcomes for hormone therapy treatment in the auditory system. This information could serve as a potential guide for patients considering hormone therapy as a medicinal choice to alleviate the signs of onset of presbycusis—age‐related hearing loss. Additional scientific investigations could also be carried out to further enhance recent findings.
GLIM Criteria at Hospital Admission Predict 8‐Year All‐Cause Mortality in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results From VIDA Study
Authors: Sanz‐París Alejandro , Martín‐Palmero Angela , Gomez‐Candela Carmen , García‐Almeida Jose M. , Burgos‐Pelaez Rosa , Sanz‐Arque Alejandro , Espina Silvia , Arbones‐Mainar Jose M. ,   Study VIDA group
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes and older age are associated with an increased risk of malnutrition and mortality. Recently, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) provided a 2‐step approach for the malnutrition diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to determine whether GLIM nutrition status at admission was associated with long‐term survival in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, we aimed to identify which GLIM criteria were more able to become prognostic indicators of early or late death.MethodsOur study included a convenience sample of 159 patients with T2DM older than 65 years and admitted to the internal medicine wards of different Spanish hospitals: the VIDA‐survival cohort. Nutrition status was retrospectively assessed with the new GLIM criteria. The main outcome was long‐term mortality in the cohort during an 8‐year follow‐up. Bivariate tables summarized the variables of interest. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and adjusted Cox regressions were also performed.ResultsAccording to the GLIM criteria, we observed that the 35.8% and 16.3% of the VIDA‐survival cohort were categorized as having moderate and severe malnutrition, respectively. Severe malnutrition was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.09; 95% CI, 1.29–3.38), compared with nonmalnourished participants. Moderate malnutrition had a neutral effect on all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.30; 95% CI, 0.88–1.92). Low plasma albumin levels, a surrogate marker of inflammation, were strongly associated with early mortality.ConclusionOur study provides evidence that severe malnutrition according to GLIM criteria is associated with increased long‐term all‐cause mortality among elderly individuals with T2DM.
Association Between AND‐ASPEN Malnutrition Criteria and Hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Trauma Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ceniccola Guilherme Duprat , Okamura Aline Bassetto , Sepúlveda Neta Jeane da Silva , Lima Fernanda Cintra , Santos de Deus Andressa Cristina , de Oliveira Jessica Amarante , dos Santos Sabrina Souza Martins , de Sousa Rildo Batista , de Brito‐Ashurst Ione 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is prevalent in trauma victims because of intense muscle wasting triggered by traumatic events and is a mortality risk. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics–American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (AND‐ASPEN) tool has the potential to diagnose malnutrition in this population. This study aims to evaluate this criterion as a malnutrition diagnostic tool and as a hospital mortality predictor in critically ill trauma patients.MethodsWe performed an observational prospective cohort study from April 2015 to February 2017 in a Brazilian hospital. Patients were >18 years old, remained in the intensive care unit (ICU) >48 hours, and had completed data regarding the recommended clinical characteristics (RCCs) for malnutrition. The main exposure of interest was malnutrition assessed by a specialist dietitian using AND‐ASPEN. The primary outcome was all causes of mortality during hospital stay. Secondary outcome was the RCCs assessment, to predict malnutrition and hospital mortality.ResultsIncluded were 414 trauma patients. Malnutrition prevalence was 26.8% at ICU admission. The main analysis showed that malnutrition increases mortality chances 1.96 times (95% CI, 1.13–3.30; P = .015). Secondary analysis showed that all 5 RCCs were significantly associated with malnutrition. The only RCC associated with mortality was energy intake (odds ratio 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1–2.0; P = .008).Conclusions
AND‐ASPEN criterion is a feasible and accurate method to recognize malnutrition and predict hospital mortality when applied by trained dietitians for the critical care trauma population. Further studies are needed considering patient subgroups such as obese and elderly.
UV surface‐enhanced Raman scattering properties of SnSe2 nanoflakes
Authors: Liu Mei , Shi Ying , Wu Meimei , Tian Yuan , Wei Haonan , Sun Qianqian , Shafi Muhammad , Man Baoyuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D)‐layered semiconductor materials have attracted considerable attention in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) technology owing to their high uniformity, excellent reproducibility, and ultra‐flat surfaces without dangling bonds. However, they are rarely used in the UV laser‐excited surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (UV–SERS) field. In this article, 2D‐layered tin diselenide (SnSe2) nanoflakes were investigated as a UV–SERS substrate for the first time. The strong absorption in the UV region of SnSe2 induces a pre‐resonance Raman (pre‐RR) effect and charge transfer (CT) between the substrate and the probe molecules. The UV–SERS signal of crystal violet (CV) molecules adsorbed on SnSe2 nanoflakes was obtained even though the concentration was low at 10−7 mol/L. The indirect band gap structure of the SnSe2 nanoflake plays a significant role in promoting the electrons excited by incident photons and the CT process. This is a new phenomenon for 2D semiconductor materials in the UV–SERS field. The results will be helpful to develop UV–SERS technology based on 2D‐layered materials and to provide a promising method to understand the chemical enhancement mechanism of UV–SERS.
Conversion of PATP to DMAB based on Ag+‐induced catalytic oxidation
Authors: Yu Long , Ma Liping , Liu Yu , Song Peng , Xia Lixin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the Ag+ is first adopted to oxidize PATP to DMAB, and the intermediate elementary Ag of the reaction is used to enhance the Raman signal, which acts as a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering substrate and overcomes the drawbacks of the traditional metal sol. The experimental repetition rate reached 100%; the Raman peak of the product dimercaptoazobenzene was clear and obvious. Compared with the traditional silver sol system, the intensity of the Raman peak is increased by 10 times. It is believed that the results will make a great contribution to the future research of the surface plasmon‐assisted coupling reaction.
Olfactory Cleft Width and Volume: Possible Risk Factors for Postinfectious Olfactory Dysfunction
Authors: Altundag Aytug , Temirbekov Dastan , Haci Cemal , Yildirim Duzgun , Cayonu Melih 
Published: February 2020

Objectives/HypothesisUpper respiratory tract infections are a common cause of temporary and permanent olfactory dysfunction in the general population. Postviral or postinfectious olfactory loss (PIOL) develops only in rare cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomical features of olfactory cleft (OC) in patients with PIOL to shed light on possible predisposing factors for PIOL.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) scan results of patients diagnosed with PIOL. A control group consisted of normosmic individuals who underwent paranasal sinus CT scans before septoplasty surgery. We compared the olfactory fossa depth, OC width, and volume on the CT scans of the PIOL and control groups.ResultsIn total, 71 individuals fulfilled the study criteria (PIOL group, n = 32; control group, n = 39). There was no statistically significant difference in the olfactory fossa depth in the two groups. The OC width and volume in the PIOL group was found to be significantly increased than that in the control group (P < .001 for both).ConclusionsPatients with PIOL had increased OC width and volume than the healthy controls. An extra‐wide olfactory cleft may be a predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of PIOL.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:5–9, 2021