bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating miRNAs as molecular markers of occupational grain dust exposure
Authors: Straumfors Anne , Duale Nur , Foss Oda A. H. , Mollerup Steen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDust from grain and feed production may cause adverse health effects in exposed workers. In this study we explored circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers of occupational grain dust exposure. Twenty-two serum miRNAs were analyzed in 44 grain dust exposed workers and 22 controls. Exposed workers had significantly upregulated miR-18a-5p, miR-124-3p and miR-574-3p, and downregulated miR-19b-3p and miR-146a-5p, compared to controls. Putative target genes for the differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in a range of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathways, and ‘Pathways in cancer’ and ‘Wnt signaling pathway’ were common for all the five miRNAs. MiRNA-diseases association analysis showed a link between the five identified miRNAs and several lung diseases terms. A positive correlation between miR-124-3p, miR-18a-5p, and miR-574-3p and IL-6 protein level was shown, while miR-19b-3p was inversely correlated with CC-16 and sCD40L protein levels. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis of the five miRNA showed that three miRNAs (miR-574-3p, miR-124-3p and miR-18a-5p) could distinguish the grain dust exposed group from the control group, with miR-574-3p as the strongest predictor of grain dust exposure. In conclusion, this study identified five signature miRNAs as potential novel biomarkers of grain dust exposure that may have potential as early disease markers.
Cacao Bean Polyphenols Inhibit Cardiac Hypertrophy and Systolic Dysfunction in Pressure Overload-induced Heart Failure Model Mice
Authors: Sari Nurmila , Katanasaka Yasufumi , Honda Hiroki , Miyazaki Yusuke , Sunagawa Yoichi , Funamoto Masafumi , Shimizu Kana , Shimizu Satoshi , Wada Hiromichi , Hasegawa Koji , Morimoto Tatsuya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPathological stresses such as pressure overload and myocardial infarction induce cardiac hypertrophy, which increases the risk of heart failure. Cacao bean polyphenols have recently gained considerable attention for their beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the effect of cacao bean polyphenols on the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats were pre-treated with cacao bean polyphenols and then stimulated with 30 µM phenylephrine. C57BL/6j male mice were subjected to sham or transverse aortic constriction surgery and then orally administered with vehicle or cacao bean polyphenols. Cardiac hypertrophy and function were examined by echocardiography. In cardiomyocytes, cacao bean polyphenols significantly suppressed phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and hypertrophic gene transcription. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and GATA binding protein 4 phosphorylation induced by
phenylephrine was inhibited by cacao bean polyphenols treatment in the cardiomyocytes. Cacao bean polyphenols treatment at 1200 mg/kg significantly ameliorated left ventricular posterior wall thickness, fractional shortening, hypertrophic gene transcription, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation induced by pressure overload. In conclusion, these findings suggest that cacao bean polyphenols prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction by inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-GATA binding protein 4 pathway in cardiomyocytes. Thus, cacao bean polyphenols may be useful for heart failure therapy in humans.
Cytotoxic and Anti-inflammatory Terpenoids from the Whole Plant of Vaccinium emarginatum
Authors: Tu Ping-Chen , Liang Yu-Chia , Huang Guan-Jhong , Lin Ming-Kuem , Kao Ming-Ching , Lu Te-Ling , Sung Ping-Jyun , Kuo Yueh-Hsiung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo new Δ12 ursene-type triterpenoid coumaroyl esters (1 and 2), one new Δ7,15 isopimarane-type diterpenoid glycoside (20), and two new irido-δ-lactone-type iridoids (21 and 22), together with 17 known pentacyclic triterpenoids (3 – 19), were isolated during the phytochemical investigation of a methanol extract of the whole plant of Vaccinium emarginatum. Their structures were determined by detailed analysis of standard spectroscopic data (MS, IR, 1D, and 2D NMR) and comparison with data of known analogs. The isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against the PC-3 and Du145 prostate cancer cell lines (as assessed by an MTT cell proliferation assay), as well as for their anti-inflammatory activity via the inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Among the isolates, the triterpenoid coumaroyl and feruloyl esters (1, 3, and 4) exhibited strong cytotoxicity against PC-3 prostate cancer cells, with 85.6 – 90.2% inhibition at 10.0 µg/mL. The pomolic acid coumaroyl and feruloyl esters (1 and 3) also showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity against nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells, with 59.2 (± 1.0) and 47.1% (± 0.2) inhibition at 12.5 µg/mL, respectively.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection of large pedunculated polyps with wide stalks: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Chiba Hideyuki , Tachikawa Jun , Arimoto Jun , Ashikari Keiichi , Kuwabara Hiroki , Nakaoka Michiko , Goto Toru , Higurashi Takuma , Muramoto Takashi , Ohata Ken , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Endoscopic resection of large pedunculated colorectal polyps is technically difficult, especially when the polyp is large and has such a thick stalk that it is either too difficult or impossible to resect prophylactically by a conventional snare. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of ESD for large pedunculated polyps with wide stalks.
Methods 29 patients with large pedunculated polyps that were not resectable by polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection were enrolled in the study.
Results En bloc resection was achieved in 28/29 polyps. One suspended case was due to severe fibrosis with muscle retraction signs. The mean diameter of the 29 polyp heads was 39.7 (standard deviation 6.9) mm. Submucosal fibrosis was present in 16 polyps (9 mild; 7 severe). The stalks of severely fibrotic polyps were significantly thicker than those of polyps with no or mild fibrosis. The curative resection rate was 85.7 % without severe complications.
Conclusions ESD is feasible for the removal of large pedunculated polyps with wide stalks when conventional snare resection is difficult or impossible.
Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Helianthemum nummularium, a High-Altitude Growing Alpine Plant Overrepresented in Ungulates Diets
Authors: Hininger-Favier Isabelle , Marcourt Laurence , Boucherle Benjamin , Agostini Mathieu , Gao Bifeng , Hybertson Brooks M. , Bose Swapan K. , McCord Joe M. , Millery Annie , Rome Maxime , Ferreira Queiroz Emerson , Wolfender Jean-Luc , Gallet Christiane , Boumendjel Ahcène 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Helianthemum nummularium is a European shrub growing at high altitude where it copes with a high level of stress. It was found to be overexpressed in ungulates diets compared to more abundant surrounding plants. These elements combined with the fact that H. nummularium from the Alps has never been investigated prompted us to study the phytochemical composition of its aerial parts. The analysis of the polar extract allowed for the isolation of eight compounds: p-hydroxybenzoic acid, tiliroside, kaempferol, astragalin, quercetin, plantainoside B, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide. We investigated the effect of the polar extract and isolated compounds on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 transcription factor, which regulates the expression of a wide variety of cytoprotective genes. We found that the ethanolic extract activates the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in a dose-dependent
manner, whereas the pure compounds were much less active. The activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway by the plant extract could pave the way for studies to promote healthy aging through protection of cells against oxidative stress. Moreover, the isolated compounds could be investigated alone or in combination in the perspective of making the link between the ungulateʼs preference for this plant and possible use of it for self-medication.
Formation of Boron Enolates by Nucleophilic Substitution
Authors: Pattison Graham , Garratt George R. A. 
Published: July 2020

Enolates have proven to be one of the key building blocks available to the synthetic chemist. Here we summarize a novel strategy for their preparation, involving the addition of α-borylated nucleophiles to esters to yield boron enolates. The enolates prepared by the addition of lithiated geminal bis(boron) compounds to esters can be trapped with two equivalents of halogen and alkyl electrophiles to yield α,α-difunctionalized compounds.1	Introduction2	Ketone Difunctionalization3	Boron Enolates by Coupling4	Towards Sequential Trapping5	Summary and Outlook
Mismatch-tolerant, alignment-free sequence classification using multiple spaced seeds and multiindex Bloom filters
Authors: Chu Justin , Mohamadi Hamid , Erhan Emre , Tse Jeffery , Chiu Readman , Yeo Sarah , Birol Inanc 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceThe sustained growth in data throughput in DNA sequencing platforms surpasses the capacity growth in computing infrastructure. For many biological studies, faster alignment algorithms alleviated some of the computational burden, although not all genomics projects require alignments. Accordingly, recent alignment-free methods are enabling a range of tasks from transcript expression analysis, to metagenome characterization, to local de novo assembly. Although faster than alignment-based methods, these methods are often limited in their sensitivity and memory requirements. We demonstrate that by using spaced-seeds and probabilistic data structures, the sensitivity of alignment-free classification methods can be improved, with memory requirements independent of the seed design and linear to the indexed target size. Furthermore, we showcase the scalable parallelism of this approach.
Adaptation of plasticity to projected maximum temperatures and across climatically defined bioregions
Authors: Sandoval-Castillo Jonathan , Gates Katie , Brauer Chris J. , Smith Steve , Bernatchez Louis , Beheregaray Luciano B. 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceAdaptation to climate change is expected to be influenced by thermal conditions experienced by species during their evolutionary history. We studied plastic capacity as a target of climatic selection, hypothesizing that populations that evolved under warmer climates have greater plastic adaptive resilience to climate change. This was tested experimentally by comparing upper thermal tolerance and gene expression in fish populations from desert, temperate, and subtropical regions of Australia. Divergent adaptive plastic responses to future climates were found across different bioregions, including in key heat stress genes. The greatest adaptive resilience was shown by the subtropical ecotype, followed by the desert and temperate ecotypes. These results have implications for large-scale assessments of climate impacts and for predictions of species distribution changes.
Mixed-flow design for microfluidic printing of two-component polymer semiconductor systems
Authors: Wang Gang , Feng Liang-Wen , Huang Wei , Mukherjee Subhrangsu , Chen Yao , Shen Dengke , Wang Binghao , Strzalka Joseph , Zheng Ding , Melkonyan Ferdinand S. , Yan Jinhui , Stoddart J. Fraser , Fabiano Simone , DeLongchamp Dean M. , Zhu Meifang , Facchetti Antonio , Marks Tobin J. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Blade coating is a promising methodology for the large-scale printing of polymer electronics, affording nonnegligible microstructure control and properties enhancement. Nevertheless, in two-component systems, the optical/electrical/physical properties are largely dominated by phase separation and domain purity phenomena that are challenging to control. Here, we report a mixed-flow microfluidic printing approach to phase purity control, enabled by a printing blade design based on fluid flow simulations. The result is 50% efficiency enhancement for printed all-polymer solar cells vs. conventional printing and similar enhancements for polymer transistors. Mixed flow is a versatile approach to control domain purity in two-component polymeric semiconductor systems and offers a methodology for printing high-performance soft-matter electronics.
Cytoskeletal organization in isolated plant cells under geometry control
Authors: Durand-Smet Pauline , Spelman Tamsin A. , Meyerowitz Elliot M. , Jönsson Henrik 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceThe cytoskeleton, a network of polymers including microtubules and actin, supports many functions in cells. In plants, the cytoskeleton orientation is an important parameter dictating the direction of cell growth. While light, hormonal, or mechanical signals can affect the cytoskeleton organization, the role of cell geometry remains to be clarified. With a microwell-based approach, we confined plant cells lacking walls in different geometries and found that the cytoskeletons align with the long axis in cells in rectangular wells. Basic geometrical rules of the microtubules are computationally modeled in three dimensions and reveal the role of severing proteins in the shape response, which was observed experimentally. These findings demonstrate how cell geometry feeds back on cytoskeletal organization in plant cells.
Identification of the initial nucleocapsid recognition element in the HIV-1 RNA packaging signal
Authors: Ding Pengfei , Kharytonchyk Siarhei , Waller Alexis , Mbaekwe Ugonna , Basappa Sapna , Kuo Nansen , Frank Heather M. , Quasney Christina , Kidane Aaron , Swanson Canessa , Van Verna , Sarkar Mitali , Cannistraci Emily , Chaudhary Ridhi , Flores Hana , Telesnitsky Alice , Summers Michael F. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Understanding the molecular determinants of retroviral genome packaging is important for drug discovery and development of vectors for gene delivery. We show that the HIV-1 leader, which contains the RNA elements necessary for genome packaging, binds approximately two dozen copies of the cognate NC protein with affinities ranging from ∼40 nM to 1.4 µM. Binding to the four highest-affinity “initial” binding sites occurs with endothermic energetics attributed to NC-induced localized RNA melting. Mutations that stabilize these sites inhibit NC binding in vitro and RNA packaging in transfected cells. A small-molecule inhibitor of RNA packaging binds specifically to the initial NC binding sites and stabilizes the RNA structure. Our findings identify a potential RNA Achilles’ heel for HIV therapeutic development.
The Meaning of Murder: Family Members in the Lives of Juvenile Homicide Offenders
Authors: Deegan Simone Jessica 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article underscores the litany of problems that arise for significant others when a juvenile is convicted of murder. It focuses on how these individuals confront the precise nature of their child’s criminality while simultaneously defending themselves against a series of attacks from a variety of intra- and extra-familial sources. A major conclusion of the article is that murderers’ relatives disappear into an eternal vortex of guilt, shame and anger with little, if any, formal or informal support as a means to manage or recover from the debilitating stigma and strain.
Temperature Is Sufficient to Condition a Flavor Preference for a Cold-Paired Solution in Rats
Authors: Kay Kristen E , Martin Laura E , James Kimberly F , Haygood Sashel M , Torregrossa Ann-Marie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that stimulus temperature modifies taste signaling. However, understanding how temperature modifies taste-driven behavior is difficult to separate as we must first understand how temperature alone modifies behavior. Previous work has suggested that cold water is more rewarding and “satiating” than warm water, and water above orolingual temperature is avoided in brief-access testing. We explored the strength of cold water preference and warm water avoidance by asking: (1) if cold temperature alone was sufficient to condition a flavor preference and (2) if avoidance of warm stimuli is driven by novelty. We addressed these questions using custom-designed equipment that allows us to monitor and maintain solution temperatures. We conducted two-bottle preference tests, after pairing Kool-Aid flavors with 10 or 40 °C. Rats preferred the flavor paired with cold temperature, both while it was cold and for 1 day while solutions were presented at 22 °C. We then examined the role of novelty in avoidance of 40 °C. Rats were maintained on 10, 22, or 40 °C water in their home cage to increase familiarity with the temperatures. Rats were then subject to a series of brief-access taste tests to water or sucrose at 10 to 40 °C. Rats that had 40 °C experience licked more to 40 °C water, but not sucrose, during brief-access testing. In a series of two-bottle preference tests, rats maintained on 40 °C water had a decreased preference for 10 °C water when paired opposite 40 °C water. Together, these data contribute to our understanding of orosensory-driven behavior with water at different temperatures.
Search and Contain: Impact of an Integrated Genomic and Epidemiological Surveillance and Response Program for Control of Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales
Authors: Lane Courtney R , Brett Judith , Schultz Mark , Gorrie Claire L , Stevens Kerrie , Cameron Donna R M , St George Siobhan , van Diemen Annaliese , Easton Marion , Stuart Rhonda L , Sait Michelle , Peleg Anton Y , Stewardson Andrew J , Cheng Allen C , Spelman Denis W , Waters Mary Jo , Ballard Susan A , Sherry Norelle L , Williamson Deborah A , Romanes Finn , Sutton Brett , Kwong Jason C , Seemann Torsten , Goncalves da Silva Anders , Stephens Nicola , Howden Benjamin P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Multiresistant organisms (MROs) pose a critical threat to public health. Population-based programs for control of MROs such as carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) have emerged and evaluation is needed. We assessed the feasibility and impact of a statewide CPE surveillance and response program deployed across Victoria, Australia (population 6.5 million).

Methods
A prospective multimodal intervention including active screening, carrier isolation, centralized case investigation, and comparative pathogen genomics was implemented. We analyzed trends in CPE incidence and clinical presentation, risk factors, and local transmission over the program’s first 3 years (2016–2018).

Results
CPE case ascertainment increased over the study period to 1.42 cases/100 000 population, linked to increased screening without a concomitant rise in active clinical infections (0.45–0.60 infections/100 000 population, P = .640). KPC-2 infection decreased from 0.29 infections/100 000 population prior to intervention to 0.03 infections/100 000 population in 2018 (P = .003). Comprehensive case investigation identified instances of overseas community acquisition. Median time between isolate referral and genomic and epidemiological assessment for local transmission was 11 days (IQR, 9–14). Prospective surveillance identified numerous small transmission networks (median, 2; range, 1–19 cases), predominantly IMP and KPC, with median pairwise distance of 8 (IQR, 4–13) single nucleotide polymorphisms; low diversity between clusters of the same sequence type suggested genomic cluster definitions alone are insufficient for targeted response.

Conclusions
We demonstrate the value of centralized CPE control programs to increase case ascertainment, resolve risk factors, and identify local transmission through prospective genomic and epidemiological surveillance; methodologies are transferable to low-prevalence settings and MROs globally.
Adaptive capacity in the foundation tree species Populus fremontii: implications for resilience to climate change and non-native species invasion in the American Southwest
Authors: Hultine Kevin R , Allan Gerard J , Blasini Davis , Bothwell Helen M , Cadmus Abraham , Cooper Hillary F , Doughty Chris E , Gehring Catherine A , Gitlin Alicyn R , Grady Kevin C , Hull Julia B , Keith Arthur R , Koepke Dan F , Markovchick Lisa , Corbin Parker Jackie M , Sankey Temuulen T , Whitham Thomas G 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPopulus fremontii (Fremont cottonwood) is recognized as one of the most important foundation tree species in the southwestern USA and northern Mexico because of its ability to structure communities across multiple trophic levels, drive ecosystem processes and influence biodiversity via genetic-based functional trait variation. However, the areal extent of P. fremontii cover has declined dramatically over the last century due to the effects of surface water diversions, non-native species invasions and more recently climate change. Consequently, P. fremontii gallery forests are considered amongst the most threatened forest types in North America. In this paper, we unify four conceptual areas of genes to ecosystems research related to P. fremontii’s capacity to survive or even thrive under current and future environmental conditions: (i) hydraulic function related to canopy thermal regulation during heat waves; (ii) mycorrhizal mutualists in relation to resiliency to climate change and invasion by the non-native tree/shrub, Tamarix; (iii) phenotypic plasticity as a mechanism for coping with rapid changes in climate; and (iv) hybridization between P. fremontii and other closely related Populus species where enhanced vigour of hybrids may preserve the foundational capacity of Populus in the face of environmental change. We also discuss opportunities to scale these conceptual areas from genes to the ecosystem level via remote sensing. We anticipate that the exploration of these conceptual areas of research will facilitate solutions to climate change with a foundation species that is recognized as being critically important for biodiversity conservation and could serve as a model for adaptive management of arid regions in the southwestern USA and around the world.
Correlation based snapshot models of the archeomagnetic field
Authors: Mauerberger S , Schanner M , Korte M , Holschneider M 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARY
For the time stationary global geomagnetic field, a new modelling concept is presented. A Bayesian non-parametric approach provides realistic location dependent uncertainty estimates. Modelling related variabilities are dealt with systematically by making little subjective a priori assumptions. Rather than parametrizing the model by Gauss coefficients, a functional analytic approach is applied. The geomagnetic potential is assumed a Gaussian process to describe a distribution over functions. A priori correlations are given by an explicit kernel function with non-informative dipole contribution. A refined modelling strategy is proposed that accommodates non-linearities of archeomagnetic observables: First, a rough field estimate is obtained considering only sites that provide full field vector records. Subsequently, this estimate supports the linearization that incorporates the remaining incomplete records. The comparison of results for the archeomagnetic field over the past 1000 yr is in general agreement with previous models while improved model uncertainty estimates are provided.