bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular detection and species identification of Plasmodium spp. infection in adults in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A population-based study
Authors: Kiyonga Aimeé Kahindo , Lengu Thierry Bobanga , Nsibu Célestin Ndosimao , Umesumbu Solange Efundu , Ngoyi Dieudonné Mumba , Chen Tie 
Published: November 2020

Background
In efforts to control malaria infection, the Democratic Republic of Congo has implemented several strategies. Studies assessing their efficiency mainly involved at-risk groups, especially children under five years of age. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with Plasmodium spp. infection.

Methods
From October 2014 to March 2015, individuals aged at least 15 years were selected randomly and enrolled in a cross-sectional study conducted throughout the country. Microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were used for the detection of Plasmodium ssp.

Results
From 2286 individuals recruited, 1870 with valid laboratory results were included in the study for further analysis. The prevalence of Plasmodium spp. infection assessed by microscopy (355/ 1870 (19%) was lower than that estimated by PCR (580/1870 (31%). In addition, the difference between the two results was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The most prevalent Plasmodium species was P. falciparum, either as mono-infection (96.3%; 95% C.I. 93.9–98.1) or combined with P. malariae (3.7%; 95% C.I. 2.8–5.9). The mean parasite density was 3272739 trophozoites/μL of blood. Women had higher risks of being infected than men (OR 2.03, 95% C.I.: 1.96. 2.62, P = 0.041)].

Conclusion
In this study, the molecular detection and species identification of Plasmodium spp. showed that, despite all efforts for malaria control, malaria remains a public health problem in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The high prevalence and parasite density of Plasmodium spp. in adults make this age group a potential parasitic infectious reservoir for the at-risk groups and supports the need to include this age group in further programs for malaria control.
A worldwide bibliometric analysis of published literature on workplace violence in healthcare personnel
Authors: Cebrino Jesús , Portero de la Cruz Silvia 
Published: November 2020

Background
Workplace violence in healthcare professionals has become a worldwide public health problem and has been the focus of numerous publications; however, currently, no macroscopic overviews of this research based on bibliometric analysis have been carried out. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyse the research trends focusing on workplace violence in healthcare personnel over the last 27 years.

Materials and methods
A bibliometric study was conducted from 1992 to 2019 in the field of workplace violence in healthcare personnel using the Scopus database. The author co-citation analysis was carried out using VOSviewer software. A worldwide map was created with Mapchart and word cloud image was created using Wordart. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied.

Findings
1791 records were analysed, 1376 of which (76.83%) were articles, with “Medicine” the most frequent subject category (58.91%). English was the predominant language (93.41%). From 2004 onwards, there was an exponential rise in the number of publications (R2 coefficient = 0.89; p < 0.0001) and the number of annual citations gradually increased from 1995 (R2 coefficient = 0.73; p < 0.0001). The University of Cincinnati (United States) was the institution (and country) with the highest number of publications (n = 30; n = 549), with D. M. Gates leading the ranking of the most productive authors (n = 21). Journal of Nursing Management was the most active journal publishing on the topic (n = 34) and the commonest keyword was “human/s” (16.43%).

Conclusion
From 1992 to 2019, worldwide research into the published literature on workplace violence in healthcare personnel has grown steadily year by year, both in the number of documents and the number of citations. United States and their institutions and researchers dominates this research output.
How do associations between sleep duration and metabolic health differ with age in the UK general population?
Authors: Arora Anmol , Pell David , van Sluijs Esther M. F. , Winpenny Eleanor M. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Despite a growing body of evidence suggesting that short sleep duration may be linked to adverse metabolic outcomes, how these associations differ between age groups remains unclear. We use eight years of data from the UK National Diet and Nutritional Survey (NDNS) (2008–2016) to analyse cross-sectional relationships between sleep duration and metabolic risk in participants aged 11–70 years.

Methods
Participants (n = 2008) who provided both metabolic risk and sleep duration data were included. Self-reported sleep duration was standardised by age, to account for differences in age-related sleep requirements. A standardised metabolic risk score was constructed, comprising: waist circumference, blood pressure, serum triglycerides, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose. Regression models were constructed across four age groups from adolescents to older adults.

Results
Overall, decreased sleep duration (hrs) was associated with an increased metabolic risk (standard deviations) with significant quadratic (B:0.028 [95%CI: 0.007, 0.050]) and linear (B:-0.061 [95%CI: -0.111, -0.011]) sleep duration coefficients. When separated by age group, stronger associations were seen among mid-aged adults (36-50y) (quadratic coefficient: 0.038 [95%CI: 0.002, 0.074]) compared to other age groups (e.g. adolescents (11-18y), quadratic coefficient: -0.009 [95%CI: -0.042, 0.025]). An increased difference between weekend and weekday sleep was only associated with increased metabolic risk in adults aged 51–70 years (B:0.18 [95%CI: 0.005, 0.348]).

Conclusions
Our results indicate that sleep duration is linked to adverse metabolic risk and suggest heterogeneity between age groups. Longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are required to explore long-term effects of abnormal sleep and potential remedial benefits.
A Companion to Federico Fellini, Frank Burke, Marguerite Waller and Marita Gubareva (eds) (2020)
Authors: Welle John P. 
Published: November 2020

Review of: A Companion to Federico Fellini, Frank Burke, Marguerite Waller and Marita Gubareva (eds) (2020)
Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 576 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-11943-153-4, h/bk, $89.29
Innovative Strategy to Disseminate Science Information to Policy Makers
Authors: Hassan Azmi 
Published: November 2020

<p>There exist a huge gap between science and technology discovery and the formulation of public policy mostly due to the poor understanding on how to disseminate the news not only to policy makers but also to the general public. There has been an outright explosion of new knowledge and no one person can know it all. To bring accurate, relevant information from the front lines of research to the policy makers, this paper will describe an innovative strategies that uses the media as the conduit. But with this approach, the critical pre-requisite is that the researcher and media must be able to work with each other and as the author found, this does not always come easily. This impasse will result in public policy formulated will not taking any account of new discoveries especially in science and technology field. It is hoped that by employing the ideas put forward, scientific and technology discoveries will be applied when formulating public policies in a more systematic ways.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: science discovery, public policy, dissemination.</p>
Evolutionary Path of Development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Patterns of Knowledge Convergence over the Second and Third AI Booms
Authors: Miyazaki Kumiko , Navaz Santiago Ruiz , Sato Ryusuke 
Published: November 2020

<p align="left">Although AI was coined by John McCarthy 60 years ago, AI has been confined to the academic and scientific research domain. AI has been through several booms and we have currently reached the 3rd AI boom which followed the 2nd AI boom centering mainly on expert systems. The current AI boom started around 2013 and AI is beginning to affect corporate management and operations. AI has been evolving over six decades but it seems that the current boom is different from the previous booms. </p><p align="left">In this paper, we attempt to elucidate the evolutionary path of development of AI and the structural patterns of knowledge convergence in the current and previous booms.</p><p align="left">For this purpose we have set 2 main objectives</p><p>1) To characterize the first (1B), second (2B) and the current, third (3B) AI boom</p><p>2) To analyze the structure of knowledge convergence around AI</p><p>RQ How have the key technologies and the applications of AI changed over time, in the 2B and the 3B?</p><p align="left"> An innovative method has been used to identify the characteristics of AI and the evolutionary path of knowledge convergence over the booms.</p>
Liver Cancer–Specific Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal Is a Potentially Novel Biomarker for the Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lu Felix , Shah Pir Ahmad , Rao Abhishek , Gifford-Hollingsworth Cynthia , Chen Anne , Trey Gary , Soryal Mina , Talat Arslan , Aslam Aysha , Nasir Bilal , Choudhry Saad , Ishtiaq Rizwan , Sanoff Hanna , Conteh Lanla F. , Noonan Anne , Hu Ke-Qin , Schmidt Carl , Fu Min , Civan Jesse , Xiao Gary , Lau Daryl T.-Y. , Lu Xuanyong 
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Liver cancer–secreted serine protease inhibitor Kazal (LC-SPIK) is a protein that is specifically elevated in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We assessed the performance of LC-SPIK in detecting HCC, including its early stages, in patients with cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV).

METHODS:
We enrolled 488 patients, including 164 HCC patients (81 early HCC) and 324 controls in a blinded, prospective, case–control study. Serum LC-SPIK levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based assay. The performance of serum LC-SPIK and α-fetoprotein (AFP), including area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity, are compared. The performance of LC-SPIK was evaluated in an independent validation cohort with 102 patients.

RESULTS:
In distinguishing all HCC patients from those with cirrhosis and chronic HBV/HCV, LC-SPIK had an AUC of 0.87, with 80% sensitivity and 90% specificity using a cutoff of 21.5 ng/mL. This is significantly higher than AFP, which had an AUC of 0.70 and 52% sensitivity and 86% specificity using a standard cutoff value of 20.0 ng/mL. For early-stage HCC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0 and A), LC-SPIK had an AUC of 0.85, with 72% sensitivity and 90% specificity, compared with AFP, which had an AUC of 0.61, with 42% sensitivity and 86% specificity. In addition, LC-SPIK accurately detected the presence of HCC in more than 70% of HCC patients with false-negative AFP results.

DISCUSSION:
The study provided strong evidence that LC-SPIK detects HCC, including early-stage HCC, with high sensitivity and specificity, and might be useful for surveillance in cirrhotic and chronic HBV/HCV patients, who are at an elevated risk of developing HCC.
Comunicação visual e protestantismo no Brasil: evidências iconoclastas na implantação do Cristo Redentor
Authors: Vieira Souza Priscila 
Published: November 2020

Estudo bibliográfico-documental no interstício da comunicação visual e da religiosidade no Brasil. Analisa eventos no entorno da implantação do Cristo Redentor, no Rio de Janeiro, momento em que a questão da imagem emerge nas dimensões social, política e religiosa. Tem como recorte específico os embates dos protestantes, que, naquele momento, reviveram aspectos do longo debate cristão sobre a imagem. Utiliza-se da análise contextual, ressaltando a conjuntura da República então recentemente inaugurada no país. A estratégia investigativa toma as construções argumentativas pró e contra a realização do monumento. Os argumentos analisados desvelam disputas religiosas na redefinição político social no país; e revelam a centralidade da questão da imagem na construção argumentativa de tais embates. A descrição da operação iconoclasta de David Morgan (2005) oferece o suporte teórico para a análise, que também incorpora reflexões de Alberto Klein, Norval Baitello e Malena Contrera, além de leituras da antropologia e sociologia da religião. A conclusão aponta para: a centralidade da comunicação visual nas práticas religiosas brasileiras; a confirmação de uma perspectiva iconoclasta no protestantismo nacional; a vigência de indefinições entre público e privado no período analisado.
Ankara’daki Üniversite ve Halk Kütüphanelerinde Çalışan Kütüphanecilerin İş Doyumları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Yılmaz Bülent , Korkut Şelale , Köse Eda 
Published: November 2020

Kişinin yaptığı işten hoşnut olması anlamına gelen iş doyumu genelde ve kütüphanecilik alanı açısından işteki başarı ve verimliliği etkileyen, aynı zamanda insanın yaşamdan doyum almasına önemli katkıda bulunan çok boyutlu bir olgudur. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle iş doyumu hakkında genel ve kütüphanecilik temelli kuramsal bilgi verilmiştir. Daha sonra yapılan araştırma sonuçları değerlendirilmiş ve konu ile ilgili öneriler sunulmuştur.
Bu çalışmaya konu olan araştırma Ankara’da bulunan üniversite ve halk kütüphanelerinde çalışan kütüphaneciler üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ankara’daki on üniversite kütüphanesinden 69, altı halk kütüphanesinden 20 olmak üzere toplam 89 kütüphaneciye Mayıs 2009 tarihinde anket uygulanmıştır. Anket için Spector’un “İş Doyumu Ölçeği” temel alınmıştır.
Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre, üniversite ve halk kütüphanelerinde çalışan kütüphanecilerin genelde iş doyumları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadığı, ancak, bazı unsurlar arasında anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu saptanmıştır.
Bilgi Politikası Konusundaki Uluslararası Çalışmalarda Kütüphane Kurumuna Yaklaşım: Avrupa Birliği Lizbon Stratejisi ile Birleşmiş Milletler Dünya Bilgi Toplumu Zirvesi
Authors: Yılmaz Bülent , Aydın Hakan 
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmada, Bilgi Politikası konusunda gerçekleştirilen uluslararası çalışmalardan Avrupa Birliği Lizbon Stratejisi (AB LS) ile Birleşmiş Milletler Dünya Bilgi Toplumu Zirvesi (BM DBTZ) çalışmalarında kütüphane kurumunun algılanış ve yer alış düzeyi ile niteliğinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede, konunun önce kuramsal çerçevesi çizilmiş, daha sonra konu ile ilgili temel belgeler olarak; “AB Lizbon Stratejisi” belgeleri ile BM DBTZ belgelerinden “İlkeler Bildirgesi”, “Eylem Planı”, “Tunus Taahhüdü”, “Bilgi Toplumu için Tunus Gündemi” ve “BM DBTZ Hedefl eri: Bir Dönem Ortası Değerlendirme” belgeleri irdelenmiştir.
Araştırma sonucunda, AB LS çalışmalarında Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri (BİT) alt yapısı ile kütüphane kurumununilişkilendirildiği belirlenmiştir. BM DBTZ çalışmalarında ise; kütüphanelerin bilgi toplumuna dönüşümün etkin araçları arasında görüldüğü; hükümetlerin, uluslararası kuruluşların, özel sektörün ve sivil toplumun politika ve tedbirlerinde kütüphane kurumuna Bilgi Toplumunun bir bileşeni olarak yer vermeleri gereği vurgulanmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, ulusal düzeydeki e-stratejilerde ve kalkınma politikalarında kütüphane kurumuna bilgi toplumunun bir bileşeni olarak bilgi politikaları kapsamında yer verilmesi önerilmiştir.
Rola Tradycji w Kościele. Między „archeologizmem” a „entuzjazmem”
Authors: Kałuża Krystian 
Published: November 2020

The article is an attempt to answer the question about the relation between tradition and the development of theological cognition. The church from the first centuries was aware that allegiance to the council tenets exceeds a technical repetition of council`s formulas. It is clear that a belief in dogma assumes openness to both the past and the future.In the article two approaches to tradition are criticized: archeological and enthusiastic. The first one is linked with attempt to end the possibility of adding to a developing tradition further at any point in history; the second one is a result of conviction that currents form of doctrine and church are exactly what is wanted by God.In reference to K. Rahner, J. Ratzinger and W. Kasper the typological­‑sacramental meaning of the tradition was proposed. It lets us – basing on the statements of the Vatican II – overcome a progressivist hermeneutic of rupture and go toward a hermeneutic of continuity and to the real reform of the church. In other words, it means that the process of reception and realization of Jesus` teaching and of the history of Christianity lives on and every epoch, every culture and every generation has a task to deepen and to better understand all revelation given to us by Christ. It must be done with a sensitivity to the historical, cultural and religious contexts of every period of history including the present.
Kontekst historyczno­‑kulturowy orzeczeń Soboru Efeskiego (431)
Authors: Szczepaniak Tobiasz Tomasz 
Published: November 2020

The article gives thorough environmental and historical background which are necessary for the understanding of the role of place, time and people taking part in the sessions of the Council of Ephesus. First, the environment of Ephesus was brought closer. A brief history of the city, geographical location, and political significance were described, along with temples and the cult of Artemis, for which Ephesus was famous. It is stated that this place and worship were a source of inspiration for the practices of ancient Christianity. The last part discusses the apostolic period and the Fathers of the Church in Ephesus.
Potato virus Y and Potato leafroll virus management under climate change in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Krüger Kerstin , Van der Waals Jacquie E. 
Published: November 2020

Potato has increased in importance as a staple food in sub-Saharan Africa, where its production is faced with a multitude of challenges, including plant disease development and spread under changing climatic conditions. The economically most important plant viruses affecting potatoes globally are Potato virus Y (PVY) and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). Disease management relies mostly on the use of insecticides, cultural control and seed certification schemes. A major obstacle in many sub-Saharan Africa countries is the availability of disease-free quality seed potatoes. Establishment and implementation of quality control through specialised seed production systems and certification schemes is critical to improve seed potato quality and reduce PVY and PLRV sources. Seed could be further improved by breeding virus-resistant varieties adapted to different environmental conditions combined with management measures tailored for smallholder or commercial farmers to specific agricultural requirements. Innovative technologies – including more sensitive testing, remote sensing, machine learning and predictive models – provide new tools for the management of PVY and PLRV, but require support for adoption and implementation in sub-Saharan Africa.
Significance:

Potato virus Y (PVY) and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) are the two major potato viruses threatening profitable seed potato production.
High-quality seed shortage in many sub-Saharan Africa countries has been identified as a constraint to increasing yield.
Specialised seed grower or seed certification programmes should be implemented to prevent virus transmission from seed to daughter tubers.
Sustainable PVY and PLRV management in seed potatoes requires specific regional approaches to growth, farming and climatic conditions.
Future research should include predictive models and new innovative technologies such as more sensitive testing, machine learning and remote sensing.
Larvas de Trichoptera en un gradiente altitudinal en un río neotropical
Authors: Oliveros-Villanueva Jorge D. , Tamaris-Turizo Cesar E. , Serna-Macias Daniel J. 
Published: November 2020

Se evaluó la diversidad de larvas de tricópteros en cuatro sitios establecidos a lo largo del río Gaira, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Se valoraron la diversidad y la abundancia de los ensamblajes y se examinaron características ambientales y su relación con la distribución de los taxones. La recolección de los organismos se hizo manualmente y con una red Surber. Se recolectaron 443 organismos de 10 familias y 21 géneros, 11 de los cuales constituyen los primeros registros en el río Gaira y uno de estos el primero en Colombia. Los géneros exclusivos en los tramos de mayor altitud (San Lorenzo y La Cascada) correspondieron a cf Amazonatolica, Cyrnellus, Nectopcyche y Polycentropus, con 97 en San Lorenzo y 112 en La Cascada. En la parte media del río fueron Ochotrichia, Cerasmatrichia y Metrichia, tramo donde se presentó la menor abundancia (69 individuos). Por último, en la estación ubicada en la parte baja se encontraron individuos de Protoptila, Mortoniella, Oecetis y Chimarra y, además, las mayores abundancias (165 individuos) y diversidad de géneros (13). En cuanto al gradiente de distribución altitudinal, los géneros que presentaron los rangos más amplios fueron Smicridea, Leptonema y Xiphocentron. Se registró un 51,1 % de los géneros de tricópteros descritos en diferentes ríos y altitudes del territorio nacional.
Nuevo registro de Oryctanthus grammatus (Loranthaceae), una planta parásita conocida únicamente en su colección tipo
Authors: Carmona-Gallego Isabel , Murillo-Serna Jhon Steven , Roldán-Palacio Francisco Javier , Alzate-Guarín Fernando 
Published: November 2020

Oryctanthus grammatus es una especie ya descrita en el 2011 en el área biogeográfica del río Magdalena, Colombia, de la cual se conoce únicamente su espécimen tipo, recolectado en 1916 en el departamento de Bolívar. En el presente estudio se reporta un espécimen adicional, encontrado en el departamento de Antioquia 71 años después de su primera recolección, y que constituye el segundo registro para la especie. Se discuten brevemente las afinidades taxonómicas de esta especie y se resalta la importancia de las colecciones históricas para el conocimiento de la biodiversidad.
Influencia de la consolidación secundaria en la rigidez dinámica de un suelo compresible (arcillas)
Authors: García-Quirós Jordi , Ossa-López Alexandra , Flores-Guzmán Mario , Solano-Aguilar Ivannia 
Published: November 2020

Con el objetivo de evaluar la influencia de la consolidación secundaria en la rigidez dinámica de un suelo compresible, se llevaron a cabo pruebas triaxiales dinámicas consolidadas no drenadas (CU), en probetas de suelo recuperadas en el antiguo lago de Texcoco, México, las cuales corresponden a un suelo arcilloso.
Las pruebas consistieron en dos etapas. Primero, las probetas se sometieron a un esfuerzo efectivo (σ’) definido; una vez concluida la consolidación primaria, etapa en la cual se disipa la presión de poro, se realizaron mediciones del módulo dinámico equivalente de Young (Eeq) y módulo resiliente (Mr) a distintos niveles de esfuerzo desviador, aplicando un pulso periódico senoidal y haversiano, respectivamente. Una vez determinados dichos módulos, se continuó consolidando el material con el mismo nivel de σ’, para así establecer la influencia del tiempo de consolidación en las magnitudes de estos. Por tanto, se realizaron dos mediciones adicionales a cada 24 horas, con lo cual se obtiene la variación de los módulos a lo largo del proceso de consolidación secundaria.
El procedimiento anterior se realizó a distintos niveles de esfuerzo efectivo o de consolidación, incluyendo etapas de carga y descarga de la curva de compresibilidad.