bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismotectonic model and probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Papua New Guinea
Authors: Ghasemi Hadi , Cummins Phil , Weatherill Graeme , McKee Chris , Hazelwood Martyn , Allen Trevor 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPapua New Guinea (PNG) lies in a belt of intense tectonic activity that experiences high levels of seismicity. Although this seismicity poses significant risks to society, the Building Code of PNG and its underpinning seismic loading requirements have not been revised since 1982. This study aims to partially address this gap by updating the seismic zoning map on which the earthquake loading component of the building code is based. We performed a new probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for PNG using the OpenQuake software developed by the Global Earthquake Model Foundation (Pagani et al. in Seism Res Lett 85(3):692–702, 2014). Among other enhancements, for the first time together with background sources, individual fault sources are implemented to represent active major and microplate boundaries in the region to better constrain the earthquake-rate and seismic-source models. The seismic-source model also models intraslab, Wadati–Benioff zone seismicity in a more realistic way using a continuous slab volume to constrain the finite ruptures of such events. The results suggest a high level of hazard in the coastal areas of the Huon Peninsula and the New Britain–Bougainville region, and a relatively low level of hazard in the southwestern part of mainland PNG. In comparison with the seismic zonation map in the current design standard, it can be noted that the spatial distribution of seismic hazard used for building design does not match the bedrock hazard distribution of this study. In particular, the high seismic hazard of the Huon Peninsula in the revised assessment is not captured in the current building code of PNG.
Developmental Paths to Anxiety in an Autism-Enriched Infant Cohort: The Role of Temperamental Reactivity and Regulation
Authors: Ersoy Mutluhan , Charman Tony , Pasco Greg , Carr Ewan , Johnson Mark H. , Jones Emily J. H. ,   The BASIS Team, Blasi Anna , Cheung Celeste , Davies Kim , Elsabbagh Mayada , Fernandes Janice , Gammer Isobel , Gliga Teodora , Guiraud Jeanne , Liew Michelle , Lloyd-Fox Sarah , Maris Helen , O’Hara Louise , Pickles Andrew , Ribeiro Helena , Salamone Erica , Tucker Leslie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the associations between temperamental reactivity and regulation and the emergence of anxiety traits in a longitudinal sample of infants enriched for later ASD. Parents of 143 infants who were at high- and low-risk for ASD rated their child’s temperament traits when they were 9, 15 and 24 months old; they rated anxiety and ASD traits when they were 36 months old. The findings suggest that behavioural inhibition may be an early predictor of later anxiety in children with and without ASD and that lower levels of effortful control in children who later develop ASD may contribute to the higher expression of anxiety within this population.
An Architecture for Creating Slices to Experiment on Wireless Networks
Authors: Valera-Muros Barbara , Panizo Laura , Rios Alvaro , Merino-Gomez Pedro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResearchers in mobile technologies and services are currently requesting testbeds to validate their proposals in a realistic large-scale and controlled environment. Such demands are some times satisfied with private ad-hoc deployments in a given area of coverage. However, given national regulations related to the use of the spectrum and the cost of deployments, these solutions are not feasible for most researchers. In this paper, we introduce the architecture of the research infrastructure developed in the EuWireless project. EuWireless’ objective is to provide private networks that can be dynamically created as slices with different levels of configuration and control, as a cost-effective way to access large-scale testbeds with a licensed spectrum even in different countries. The paper focuses on the architecture of the Point of Presence, the key element in the EuWireless project, and how it will work in practice. We also present a proof of concept implementation that satisfies some of the design objectives and demonstrates the feasibility of the proposal.
Die Low-Cost-Hypothese. Ein empirischer Test am Beispiel der Befürwortung einer City-Maut
Authors: Thiel Fabian 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Low-Cost-Hypothese (LCH) postuliert, dass der Effekt einer Einstellung auf einstellungskonformes Handeln mit steigenden Kosten sinkt. Tutić et al. (2017) formalisieren die theoretischen Implikationen der LCH mithilfe eines mikroökonomischen Modells. Sie veranschaulichen, dass sich die LCH anhand einer verbesserten Teststrategie bewährt, während sie, basierend auf der vormals üblichen Modellierung mittels der expliziten Aufnahme eines Interaktionsterms, scheitert. Die von ihnen präsentierten Beispiele erlauben jedoch nur einen eingeschränkten Test der LCH im weiteren Sinn eines Einkommenseffekts – nicht aber im engeren Sinn eines tatsächlichen Preiseffekts einstellungskonformen Handelns. Dieser Beitrag liefert eine wichtige Ergänzung, indem am Beispiel der Befürwortung einer City-Maut eine erste Prüfung der verbesserten Teststrategie der LCH im engeren Sinn vorgelegt wird. Datengrundlage ist ein faktorieller Survey (FS), in dem im Rahmen einer Bevölkerungsbefragung in München und vier Umlandgemeinden im Frühsommer 2018 mehr als 1300 Personen über 5300 fiktive Mautmodelle bewerteten. Kernbefund der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist, dass sich die LCH anhand der verbesserten Teststrategie für den betrachteten Anwendungsfall der Befürwortung einer City-Maut bewährt.
The Quantitative Effect of Blast Furnace Slag Composition and Temperature on the Kinetics of Potassium Evaporation
Authors: Andersson Anton , Ahmed Hesham , Sundqvist Ökvist Lena , Björkman Bo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Increased in-plant recycling and lower quality raw material in terms of alkali content drive the alkali load in the blast furnace (BF) to higher levels. Excessive load of alkalis, primarily potassium, has several negative effects on the BF operation, which necessitates means to control the removal of potassium from the BF. One method to improve the removal is by increasing the potassium retention in the slag, which is controlled by the evaporation kinetics of potassium. Although several authors have studied factors affecting the evaporation rate, none of these studies have quantitatively investigated the effect of these parameters and attempted to relate these effects to slags from the industry. In the present work, a full-factorial design of experiments with three factors (B2 basicity, MgO content, and temperature) was performed, studying the evaporation of potassium from synthetic BF slag. The results suggested that multiple linear regression is suitable to describe the evaporation kinetics of potassium within the boundaries of the design of experiments. However, extrapolating to industrial slags of different compositions and additional slag components is best performed utilizing the corrected optical basicity. The corrected optical basicity showed a linear relation to the evaporation kinetics of potassium, which was related to the correlation between diffusivity and corrected optical basicity.
Hull Girder Ultimate Strength Assessment Considering Local Corrosion
Authors: Vu Van Tuyen , Dong Duc Tuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe residual strength capacity of ship hull with full corrosion appearance in every structural member has been considered in a large number of research works; however, the influence of local corrosion on the ultimate strength and cross-section properties has not been taken into account and analyzed. Hence, this study aims to assess the effect of corrosion appearance in the flange section and web section on the ultimate vertical bending moment and several cross-section properties of a bulk carrier. To perform this task, a probabilistic corrosion rate estimation model and the common structural rule model are introduced and employed. The incremental-iterative method given by the International Association of Classification Societies-Common Structural Rules (IACS-CSR) is applied to determine the ultimate vertical bending moment, neutral axis position at the limit state, and other properties of the cross-section. The calculation results and discussions relative to the effect of corrosion on ship hull are presented.
Concentration-dependent Differences in Urinary Iodine Measurements Between Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and the Sandell-Kolthoff Method
Authors: Li Yongze , Ding Shuangning , Han Cheng , Liu Aihua , Shan Zhongyan , Teng Weiping , Mao Jinyuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA large amount of historical data regarding urinary iodine concentration (UIC) were measured with the Sandell-Kolthoff (S-K) method for iodine nutrition surveillance. The congruence in urinary iodine measurements between inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the S-K method has been debated. A total of 2064 adult urine samples were included in the present study. The UIC measurement results obtained simultaneously by standardized ICP-MS and the S-K method were analyzed. The UIC obtained with ICP-MS was significantly higher than that obtained with the S-K method (158 μg/L vs. 148 μg/L, p < 0.001). The Bland-Altman difference plot showed a small but significant mean difference of 6.12 μg/L between the two methods. The stratified analysis showed that the correlation coefficient was higher in the UIC < 300 μg/L group than the UIC ≥ 300 μg/L group (0.93 vs. 0.88, p = 0.0001). The mean difference between the S-K and ICP-MS methods was positively correlated with the UIC. The ICP-MS and S-K methods were comparable when the UIC was less than 300 μg/L; however, UIC values between 300 and 600 μg/L should be compared with caution after considering the research objective. We do not suggest comparing UICs obtained from the ICP-MS and S-K methods in iodine monitoring studies if the UIC is greater than 600 μg/L.
Low Shear Stress Upregulates CX3CR1 Expression by Inducing VCAM-1 via the NF-κB Pathway in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zhao Yiwei , Ren Peile , Li Qiufang , Umar Shafiu Adam , Yang Tan , Dong Yahui , Yu Fengxu , Nie Yongmei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. Studies suggest that the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 plays a critical role in atherogenesis. Shear stress is an important mechanical force that affects blood vessel function. In this study, we investigated the effect of shear stress on CX3CR1 expression in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). First, cells were exposed to different shear stress and then CX3CR1 mRNA and protein were measured by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. CX3CR1 gene silencing was used to analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying shear stress-mediated effects on CX3CR1 expression. CX3CR1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased with 4.14 dyne/cm2 of shear stress compared with other tested levels of shear stress. We observed a significant increase in CX3CR1 mRNA levels at 2 h and CX3CR1 protein expression at 4 h. CX3CR1-induced VCAM-1 expression in response to low shear stress by activating NF-κB signaling pathway in VECs. Our findings demonstrate that low shear stress increases CX3CR1 expression, which increases VCAM-1 expression due to elevated NF-κB activation. The current study provides evidence of the correlation between shear stress and atherosclerosis mediated by CX3CR1.
When algorithm selection meets Bi-linear Learning to Rank: accuracy and inference time trade off with candidates expansion
Authors: Yuan Jing , Geissler Christian , Shao Weijia , Lommatzsch Andreas , Jain Brijnesh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlgorithm selection (AS) tasks are dedicated to find the optimal algorithm for an unseen problem instance. With the knowledge of problem instances’ meta-features and algorithms’ landmark performances, Machine Learning (ML) approaches are applied to solve AS problems. However, the standard training process of benchmark ML approaches in AS either needs to train the models specifically for every algorithm or relies on the sparse one-hot encoding as the algorithms’ representation. To escape these intermediate steps and form the mapping function directly, we borrow the learning to rank framework from Recommender System (RS) and embed the bi-linear factorization to model the algorithms’ performances in AS. This Bi-linear Learning to Rank (BLR) has proven to work with competence in some AS scenarios and thus is also proposed as a benchmark approach. Thinking from the evaluation perspective in the modern AS challenges, precisely predicting the performance is usually the measuring goal. Though approaches’ inference time also needs to be counted for the running time cost calculation, it’s always overlooked in the evaluation process. The multi-objective evaluation metric Adjusted Ratio of Root Ratios (A3R) is therefore advocated in this paper to balance the trade-off between the accuracy and inference time in AS. Concerning A3R, BLR outperforms other benchmarks when expanding the candidates range to TOP3. The better effect of this candidates expansion results from the cumulative optimum performance during the AS process. We take the further step in the experimentation to represent the advantage of such TOPK expansion, and illustrate that such expansion can be considered as the supplement for the convention of TOP1 selection during the evaluation process.
Urban mobility and resilience: exploring Boston’s urban mobility network through twitter data
Authors: Mirzaee Sahar , Wang Qi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman mobility connects urban dwellers and neighborhoods and impacts social equity. An in-depth understanding of human mobility helps to enhance urban resilience. However, limited research has focused on mobility resilience. Building on previous research, this study looks at the neighborhood connectivity enabled by urban mobility. We analyze the aggregated mobility patterns in Boston through the coupling of network structure and social characteristics. Geocoded twitter data combined with socioeconomic datasets were used to create a mobility-based urban network. Through the quantitative analysis, we found that the social segregation in Boston shapes its mobility network. Network communities identified by the Louvain modularity algorithm are often self-containing, meaning that their residents are more likely to move within their communities. A multinomial regression reveals that spatial racial and income segregation has a strong impact on the dynamic segregation of the network. The beneficial network characteristics –e.g. higher density and well-connected motifs– are less present in areas with bolder presence of minorities. Thus, the resilience state is not equitable among neighborhoods of different income levels and races, indicating that the resilience measures of urban networks need to be adapted according to sociodemographic characteristics.
Police Unions and the Implementation of Body-Worn Cameras in a Small Island Developing State: The Case of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service
Authors: Wallace Wendell C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWithin the past two decades, body-worn cameras (BWCs) have developed as an evidentiary tool to determine the outcomes of contentious police–citizen contacts as well as a method of enhancing the accountability of both groups. While there have been numerous studies conducted on BWCs, the research has focused primarily on police officer perceptions and follow-up analyses of their usage subsequent to implementation and/or during controlled, randomized trials. However, there is a dearth of academic literature on police union members’ perceptions of BWC technology prior to implementation within their departments. This article contributes to the body of literature on BWCs by providing an analysis of data on the attitudes and perceptions towards the implementation of BWC technology into the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service that were collected from Central Committee representatives of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service Social and Welfare Association, the representative body for police officers of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service. The findings indicate that the respondents were generally amenable to the introduction and implementation of BWCs into the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service; however, this is premised on a phased implementation preceded by a controlled trial of the BWCs, as well as the creation of internal policies prior to implementation.
Does learner cognition count on modality? Working memory and L2 morphosyntactic achievement across oral and written tasks
Authors: Zalbidea Janire , Sanz Cristina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study investigates how working memory (WM) abilities are implicated in second language (L2) learners’ (a) morphosyntactic achievement and (b) perceptions of required mental effort and task difficulty under oral versus written task modality conditions. Beginning-level learners of L2 Spanish completed two computerized focused tasks in which they produced output and received feedback in oral form (Speaking group) or written form (Writing group). Two grammatical structures varying in their relative level of salience were targeted. After each task, participants rated their perceptions of mental effort required and task difficulty. Production and written and aural acceptability judgment tasks were employed to measure immediate and sustained L2 morphosyntactic achievement. Executive, phonological, and visuospatial WM abilities were gauged using automated operation span, nonword recognition, and forward Corsi block-tapping tasks, respectively. Regression analyses revealed that WM capacity was predictive of L2 morphosyntactic outcomes and task perception ratings in the Speaking group only. Specifically, phonological and visuospatial WM were associated with production and acceptability judgment performance accuracy, whereas executive WM was related to learners’ ratings of perceived mental effort. Differences were also observed based on the target structure.
THE EFFECTS OF IMMEDIATE AND DELAYED CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK ON L2 DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Fu Mengxia , Li Shaofeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article reports on a study exploring the differential effects of immediate and delayed corrective feedback (CF) on the acquisition of the English past tense. One hundred and forty-five seventh-grade EFL learners were assigned to four groups: Immediate CF, Delayed CF, Task Only, and Control. Each experimental group performed six focused communicative tasks, two each in three treatment sessions, eliciting the use of the English past tense. The Immediate CF group received feedback on their erroneous use of the target structure in the first session, the Delayed CF group received feedback in the final session, and the Task Only group performed the communicative tasks without receiving any feedback. The Control group only took the achievement tests. The effects of the feedback treatments were measured through an untimed grammaticality judgment test and an elicited imitation test. Mixed-effects analyses examining the influence of both fixed and random factors demonstrated that immediate CF was more facilitative of L2 development than delayed CF. The results suggest the importance of addressing linguistic errors before they are proceduralized in the interlanguage.
Cross-cultural differences in mother-preschooler book sharing practices in the United States and Thailand
Authors: ROCHANAVIBHATA Sirada , MARIAN Viorica 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCross-cultural differences in book sharing practices of American and Thai mother-preschooler dyads were examined. Twenty-one Thai monolingual and 21 American-English monolingual mothers and their four-year-olds completed a book sharing task. Results revealed narrative style differences between the American and Thai groups: American mothers adopted a high-elaborative story-builder style and used affirmations, descriptions, extensions, and recasting more than Thai mothers. Thai mothers adopted a low-elaborative story-teller style and used more attention directives and expansions than American mothers. American children produced longer narratives than their Thai peers, whereas Thai children repeated their mothers’ utterances more than their American counterparts. Maternal and child narrative styles were associated. These results suggest that maternal scaffolding styles differ across cultures and influence children's developing narrative skills.
Solidarity in the Time of COVID-19?
Authors: TOMASINI FLORIS 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article critically examines how solidarity has been enacted in the first 2 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly, but not exclusively, from a United Kingdom perspective.1 Solidaristic strategies are framed in two ways: aspirations to overcome COVID-19 (utopian anthropocentric solidarity); and those that are illusory, incompatible, contradictory, and disrupting of solidaristic ideals (heterotopian solidarity). Solidarity can also be understood more widely from a biocentric perspective (solidarity with all life). In the context of COVID-19 a lack of biocentric solidarity points to a probable cause of the pandemic; where COVID-19, harmless in bats, jumped species as a consequence of closer contact with humans. Solidarity, therefore, is not only expressed in a fight against a viral “enemy” but is also a reminder of human activity that has upset balances within ecosystems.
The sensitivity to context modulates executive control: Evidence from Malayalam–English bilinguals
Authors: Rafeekh Riya , Mishra Ramesh Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn two experiments, we examined the hypothesis that bilingual speakers modulate their cognitive control settings dynamically in the presence of different interlocutors, and this can be captured through performance on a non-linguistic attention task. We introduced Malayalam–English bilinguals to interlocutors with varying L2 dominance through a pre-experiment familiarisation and interaction phase. Later, participants did the Flanker task while the interlocutors appeared before each trial. While in experiment one participants did the Flanker task with equal distribution of trials, in experiment two we manipulated the monitoring demands by changing the frequency of trials. Results showed that high-L2 proficient bilinguals had lower conflict effect on the Flanker task in the presence of balanced interlocutors in both the experiments. The results provide strong evidence of dynamic adaptation of control settings in bilinguals with regard to different passively present interlocutors. The results further extend the predictions of the adaptive control hypothesis with novel manipulation.