bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERAN DAN POTENSI MUSUH ALAMI DALAM PENGENDALIAN HeUcoverpa armigera (HUBNER) PADA KAPAS
Authors: NURINDAH NURINDAH , SUNARTO DWI ADI , SUJAK SUJAK 
Published: July 2020

<p><strong>The role and potency of natural enemies in controlling HeUcoverpa armigera Hubner in cotton</strong></p><p><strong></strong>HeUcoverpa armigera. known as the cotton bollworm, is one of cotton productivity limiting factors. Efforts in controlling this pesl have been directed lo (he use of its natural enemies, viz. parasiloids. predator and insect pathogens in conservation techniques The study was conducted in two activities. The irst activity was the inventory of parasiloids and predators of// armigera. which was conducted from 1986 to 1999 in the cotton development area in Central Java (Rembang, Pati, and Grobogan). East Java (Situbondo, Banyuwangi, Tuban. and Lanongan), NIB (Menangabaris. Lokopriya, and Sandubaya), and NTF (Maumere, Wailiti. and Larantuka). The second activity was to sludy the potency of dominant parasiloids and predators in cotton, which was conducted in 1999/2000 in the Research Instalaiion for Tobacco and Fibre Crops, Asembagus. The objectives of the study were to evaluate Ihe diversity of natural enemies, particularly parasiloids and predators, and their role in controlling Ihe population of // armigera in cotton. The inventory of parasiloids and predators was conducted to 15 and 21 species, respectively. The predominant parasiloids were Trichogramma-loidea armigera Nagaraja (egg parasitoid) and Eriborus argenteopilosus Camreon (larval parasitoid). The predominant predators were Deraeocoris indianus Carvalho, Campylomma diversicornis Rcuter (Hemiptera Miridae). Paederus fasciatus Curtis (Coleoptera Staphylinidac) and Coccinellid beetles (Coleoptera Coccincllidac). These predators feed on eggs and small larvae of //. armigera. The potency of these parasiloids and predator, as mortality factors of the pesl, was quantitatively studied in insecticide sprayed and unsprayed cotton ields. The egg and larval parasiloids caused mortality of //. armigera eggs and larvae as high as 65% and 21%, respectively. The predators suppressed // armigera population by 82%, so that its population was lower than that of the plots treated with insecticide. These suppressions resulted in a significantly lower damage of cotton fruiting bodies (4.3-8.0% on sprayed plots vs.1.7-3.4% on unsprayed plots) and hence, a signiicantly higher production of seed cotton ( I 838 kg/ha on sprayed plots vs. 2 170 kg/ha on unsprayed plots). Thereore, // armigera population on collon basically could be managed by its natural enemies below its action threshold, when Hie natural enemies were allowed to build up their population.</p>
PARASITASI Aphanomerus sp. PADA WERENG PUCUK JAMBU MENTE Sanurus indecora JACOBI
Authors: PURNAYASA I GUSTI NYOMAN RAI 
Published: July 2020

<p>Penelitian lenlang pcranan parasitoid Aphanomerus sp. (Platygasleridac. Hymenoplera) terhadap telur wcreng pucuk jambu mente Sanurus indecora Jacobi telah dilaksanakan di Desa I.ckok Rangan, Kecamatan Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, Propinsi Nusa Tcnggara Barat, pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan bulan Oktobcr 2001. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mcngidenliikasi parasitoid yang keluar dari telur ,S' indecora. evaluasi pcranan parasitoid tersebut terhadap kelompok telur S indecora di lapangan dan terhadap telur yang belum tcrparasit di laboratorium Lima contoh lanaman dipilih untuk mengumpulkan kelompok telur. masing-masing 60 kelompok telur liap tanaman, sedangkan untuk parasilasinya di laboratorium digunakan 10 kelompok telur 2 ulangan dengan total telur setiap ulangan sebanyak 704 butir dan 876 butir Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa parasitoid tersebut berasal dari genus Aphanomerus dan tingkat parasitasi Aphanomerus sp terhadap kelompok S. indecora di lapangan rata-rata 93.2%, sedangkan terhadap telumya di laboratorium mencapai 83% dan 77.2%.</p><p>Kata kunci : Sanurus indecora. Aphanomerus sp.. Anacardium occidentale. parasitoid lelur</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Parasitoid of Aphonomcrus sp. on the insect pest of cashew leaves Sanurus indecora Jacobi</strong></p><p>Shoot sucking insect research on the parasitoid of Aphanomerus sp. (Platygastcridae, Hymenoplera) on Ihe eggs of insect pesl of cashew plant Sanurus indecora Jacobi was conducted in Lekok Rangan Village, Kayangan Subdistrict, lombok Barat Distict, West Nusa Tcnggara Province, in August lo October 2001 Ihe objective of the research were to identity (he parxsitoid mat came ou( from the eggs of S. indecora, to evaluate he role of Ore parasitoid on the eggs mass of S. indecora in the field and on (he eggs in (he lab (hat had not been parasitized. Five sample plants chosen to collect the eggs mass each plant 60 eggs mass While for the parasitized in (he lab used 10 eggs mass wi(h (he (o(al 704 eggs and 876 eggs. The results of (he research mdicaled (hat the parasitoid came from genus Aphanomerus, and the level of parasitized of Aphanomerus sp. on Sanurus indecora was 93 2% al the average, while on its eggs in the lab was 83% and 77 2%.</p><p>Keywords Sanurus indecora, Aphanomerus sp. Anacardium occidentale. egg parasitoid</p>
PERKIRAAN PELUANG HUJAN UNTUK MENENTUKAN WAKTU TANAM KAPAS DI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: RIAJAYA PRIMA D. , KADARWATI F. T. , MACHFUD MOCH. 
Published: July 2020

<p>Curah hujan merupakan salah salu unsur iklim yang sangal berpengaruh terhadap produksi kapas Variasi hujan di lahan tadah hujan sangat linggi. Waklu tanam yang telah dilentukan sebelumnya hanya berdasarkan data curah hujan selama 1 0 Uihun Untuk mcmpcrbaiki waktu tanam tersebut, perlu dilakukan analisis hujan berdasarkan data curah hujan selama lebih dari 20 tahun untuk mendapatkan angka peluang yang lebih stabil. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan data curah hujan lebih dari 20 tahun yang lerkumpul dari 16 slasiun hujan yang tersebar di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. lombok Tengah. Lombok Barat, Sumbawa, Bima, dan Dompu. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode peluang Markov Ordc Pertama dan perhilungan peluang sclang kering beturut-turut Waktu tanam kapas di sebagian besar I-ombok dan Sumbawa berkisar minggu pertama sampai minggu kedua Desember, minggu ketiga sampai keempal Desember di Kawo, Lombok Tengah dan Rasanae, Bima, dan minggu pertama Januari di Moyohilir, Sumbawa dan Bayan, Lombok Barat. Daerah yang beresiko linggi untuk pengembangan kapas adalah di wilayah sekilar Pringgabaya (Lombok Timur), Ulhan (Sumbawa), Donggo dan Wawo di Bima Daerah lainnya dengan kandungan air tersedia yang rendah dengan kandungan pasir lebih dari 50% seperti di 1-ape (Sumbawa) penanaman kapas hendaknya dilakukan lebih awal. Tipe iklim didominasi iklim kering dengan musim hujan yang sangat pendek sehingga tidak memungkinkan adanya pergiliran tanaman palawija-kapas Kapas hendaknya ditanam bersamaan dengan palawija mcngingal pendeknya periode hujan.</p><p>Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, waktu tanam. periode kering, masa tanam</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Prediction of rainfall probability for determination of cotton sowing times in West Nusa Tenggara</strong></p><p>Climatic elements paticularly rainfall strongly influences successful prediction of rainfed cotton yield. Rainfall vaiability varies amongst Ihe season The previous planting times were determined based on 10 years daily rainfall data. I-ongterm rainfall data arc required for rainfall analysis to get reliable probabilities. The rainfall analysis was done using Markov Chain First Order Probability and dryspell probability methods Ihe rainfall data were collected from 16 rainfall stations in West Nusa Tcnggara (Eas( Lombok, Central I-ombok, West Lombok, Sumbawa, Bima, and Dompu). Ihe planting times varied from the irst week to the second week of December for most areas of I-ombok and Sumbawa The planting limes in Kawo, Central Lombok and Rasanae, Bima were mid December: and early January in Moyohilir, Sumbawa and Bayan, West l.ombok The areas which high risk to drought are around Pringgabaya (Hast lombok), Uthan (Sumbawa), Donggo and Wawo (Bima). On sandy- areas such as I-ape (Sumbawa) cotton should be planted earlier Type of climate in most areas is dry with limited rainy season, thai relay-planting of these areas is not practiced.</p><p>Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, planting time, dryspcll, seasonal patern</p>
Demonstration of improved plant growth and biomass production by At1g73160 promoter-controlled root-preferential expression of the AtGA20ox gene
Authors: Ly Linh Khanh , Bui Thao Phuong , Do Phat Tien , Le Anh Van Thi , Nguyen Phong Van , Pham Ngoc Bich , Zhang Zhanyuan J. , Chu Ha Hoang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Overexpression of the GA20 oxidase gene has been a recent trend for improving plant growth and biomass. Constitutive expression of GA20ox has successfully improved plant growth and biomass in several plant species. However, the constitutive expression of this gene causes side-effects, such as reduced leaf size and stem diameters. To avoid these effects, different tissue-specific promoters were identified and employed for GA20ox overexpression. In this study, we demonstrated the potential of At1g, a root-preferential promoter, for GA20ox expression to enhance plant biomass in tobacco and Melia azedarach.Results: We examined the utility of the At1g promoter to drive the expression of a GUS (β-1,4-glucuronidase) reporter and the GA20ox gene in tobacco and Melia azedarach. Histochemical GUS assays in tobacco showed that At1g was a root-preferential promoter whose expression was particularly strong in root tips. The ectopic expression of the AtGA20ox gene under the control of the At1g promoter showed improved plant growth and biomass of both tobacco and M. azedarach transgenic plants compared to wild-type (WT) control plants. Stem length as well as stem and root fresh weights increased by up to 1.5-3 folds in transgenic tobacco and 2-fold in transgenic M. azedarach. Both tobacco and M. azedarach transgenic plants showed increases in the root xylem width and xylem over phloem ratio by 50%–100% compared to WT plants. Importantly, no significant differences in the leaf shape or size were observed between the At1g::AtGA20ox transgenic and WT plants. Moreover, transgenic M. azedarach showed a 135% increase in stem diameter although no change was found in transgenic tobacco.Conclusions: These results demonstrate the great utility of the At1g promoter for driving the AtGA20ox gene to induce growth and biomass improvements in woody plants and potentially some other plant species.
Early Cardiac Rehabilitation Improved Prognosis in Patients with Heart Failure Following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Cai He , Cao Pengyu , Sun Wanqing , Zhang Xinying , Li Rongyu , Shao Wangshu , Wang Lin , Zou Lin , Zheng Yang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been shown to improve exercise intolerance and QoL, and minimize re-hospitalizations in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). However, studies on early CR in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who developed CHF following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are rare. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of early CR on patients with CHF after AMI following PCI.Methods: Two hundred thirty-seven patients who developed heart failure after AMI following PCI were enrolled. Patients were divided into heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) group and heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) group. Of which, 78 patients who accepted a two-week CR were further divided into two subgroups based on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Key cardio-pulmonary exercise testing (CPX) variables that may affect the prognosis were identified through the comparison of the cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF).Results: Early CR significantly reduced cardiac death in patients with HFrEF, and reduced re-hospitalization in patients with HFmrEF after AMI (P <0.01). Serum potassium and CR ratio were independent risk factors for MACE in patients with both HFrEF and HFmrEF after AMI. In the CR group who developed MACE, there were more diabetics (P=0.035), with higher serum potassium (P=0.043), and lower PETCO2 at VT (P=0.016). PETCO2 at VT was an independent risk factor for re-hospitalization. The incidence of re-hospitalization was significantly lower when the PETCO2 at VT was greater than 33.5mmHg (P=0.03).Conclusions: Early CR reduced the incidence of MACE in patients with heart failure after AMI following PCI. The PETCO2 at VT is an independent risk factor for re-hospitalization, and could be used as a key evaluating hallmark for early CR in patients who developed heart failure after AMI.
Ocean temperature controls kelp decomposition and carbon sink potential
Authors: Filbee-Dexter Karen , Feehan Colette , Smale Dan , Krumhansl Kira , Augustine Skye , Bettignies Florian de , Burrows Michael T. , Byrnes Jarrett , Campbell Jillian , Davoult Dominique , Dunton Kenneth , Franco Joao , Garrido Ignacio , Grace Sean , Hancke Kasper , Johnson Ladd , Konar Brenda , Pedersen Morten , Moore Pippa , Norderhaug Kjell Magnus , O'Dell Alasdair , Salomon Anne , Sousa-Pinto Isabel , Yiu Dara , Wernberg Thomas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Compelling new evidence shows that kelp production contributes an important and underappreciated flux of carbon in the ocean. Major questions remain, however, about the controls on the cycling of this organic carbon in the coastal zone, and their implications for future carbon sequestration. Here we used field experiments distributed across 28° latitude, and the entire range of two dominant kelps in the northern hemisphere, to measure decomposition rates of kelp detritus on the seafloor in relation to environmental factors. Ocean temperature was the strongest control on detritus decomposition in both species, and it was positively related to decomposition. This suggests that decomposition could accelerate with ocean warming under climate change, increasing remineralization and reducing overall kelp carbon sequestration. However, we also demonstrate the potential for high kelp-carbon storage in cooler (northern) regions, which could be targeted by climate mitigation strategies to expand blue carbon sinks.
Uroguanylin-decorated Nanosystems Containing Etoposide, a Potential Targeted Combination Therapy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Bouzo Belén L. , Lores Sainza , Jatal Raneem , Alijas Sandra , Alonso María José , Conejos-Sánchez Inmaculada , Fuente María de la 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Guanylyl Cyclase C (GCC), a membrane receptor that is expressed in 95% of primary and metastatic colorectal cancer tumors is a promising target for the design of new drug delivery strategies. In this work we propose the use of Uroguanylin (UroG), a natural ligand for GCC, for the preparation of targeted sphingomyelin-based nanosystems (UroG-SNs). The results from in vitro cell culture studies showed that UroG-SNs have a specific interaction with the GCC receptor, resulting in an antiproliferative response. Subsequently, the anti-cancer drug etoposide (Etp) was encapsulated into the UroG-SNs. The evaluation of the resulting system showed a synergistic effect of the two drugs, thus highlighting the therapeutic potential of this strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Metagenomic Next-generation Nequencing Aids the Diagnosis of Co-infection In HIV-infected Patients
Authors: Chen Jiehua , Deng Guangying , Zhong Ruihua , Zhu Hongqiong , Li Xinghua , Xia Jinyu , Liu Xi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background HIV-infected patients are easy to combine with various opportunistic infections due to their low immunity. Improving microbiological diagnosis in these patients is of paramount clinical importance.Methods Thirty-six HIV-infected patients with suspected infection were retrospectively reviewed from April 2018 to December 2019. The diagnostic performance of pathogens was compared between traditional microbiological methodology and mNGS.Results The sensitivity of mNGS for diagnosing infectious disease was outperformed of culture, especially for virus (mNGS only; P < 0.001), fungus (odds ratio [OR], 1.1[95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.9–1.5]; P < 0.05), parasite (mNGS only; P < 0.01) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (OR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.0 − 2.8]; P < 0.05). Moreover, for mNGS-positive cases where the conventional method was inconclusive, 27 (69.2%) cases led to diagnosis modification.Conclusions mNGS was more sensitive and comprehensive for pathogen identification therefore a promising method for microbiological diagnosis in AIDS patients with infection.
The Level of Vitamin A and Selenium of Cystic Echinococcosis in Aba and Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture , Sichuan, China
Authors: Li Cheng , Bai Yongqi , Zeng Mingcai , Luo Yong , Luorong Chumu , Jin Chuan , Guo Qulian , Wang Qian , Liu Wenjun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Cystic echinococcus (CE), endemic in Asia, causes disease resulting in a high socioeconomic burden.
Methods

Eighty-nine echinococcosis patients and 274 controls from the Aba and Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan province in China were recruited. The serum levels of Selenium (Se) and vitamin A (VA) of the cases and controls were detected and stratified by age and gender.
Results

The results showed that the male to female ratio of the patients was 1:1.97. The echinococcosis patients were mainly adults. It was confirmed that the serum levels of VA and age were correlated. Compared with the healthy controls, the serum levels of Se and VA of the cases significantly declined in both children and adults.
Conclusions

It was confirmed that the serum levels of Se and VA were interrelated with the prevalence of echinococcosis.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 isoforms ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 are essential for myogenic differentiation
Authors: Rihani Laura , Franzmeier Sophie , Wu Wei , Schlegel Jürgen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Satellite cells (SC) constitute the stem cell population of skeletal muscle tissue and are determinants for myogenesis. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) enzymatic activity correlates with myogenic properties of SCs and, recently, we could show co-localization of its isoforms ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 in SCs of human skeletal muscle. ALDH1 is not only the pacemaker enzyme in retinoic acid signaling and differentiation, but also protecting cell maintenance against oxidative stress products. However, the molecular mechanism of ALDH1 in SC activation and regulation of myogenesis has not yet been characterized. Method Human RH30 and murine C2C12 myoblast cell lines were investigated in regard of ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A1 expression in myogenesis using Western Blot, Immunofluorescence and Aldefluor Assay.
Results

Here, we show, that isoforms ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 are pivotal factors in the process of myogenic differentiation, since ALDH1A1 knock-out and ALDH1A3 knock-out, respectively, impaired differentiation potential. Recombinant re-expression of ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3, respectively, in corresponding ALDH1-isoform knock-out cells recovered their differentiation potential. Most interestingly, the chemical inhibition of enzymatic activity by disulfiram leads to ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 protein upregulation and subsequent myogenic differentiation.
Conclusion

Our findings indicate that ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 proteins are important for myogenic differentiation and, therefore, seem to be essential activators and regulators of SCs.
Exploration of New Mutations for Resistance of Houseflies to Organophosphate Insecticides in Housefly Populations in Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Mou Rong , Yang Xi , Liang Qiuguo , Cheng Jinzhi , Mou Xiaohui , Shang Zhengling , Wang Gang , tan weilong , Wu Jiahong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background： The campaign to establish the national sanitary city has been launched across major places in Guizhou Province, which leads to the extensive use of insecticide to eradicate the disease-carrier Musca domestica found everywhere while keeping the cleanliness of environment.Methods: In order to perceive the resistance of houseflies to the commonly used organophosphate insecticides in 7 housefly populations belonging to Guizhou province (China), the susceptibility bioassays, detection of resistance-associated mutations, and the carboxylesterase activity assay were conducted.Results: The bioassays exhibited 142.16~303.54-fold to dichlorvos (DDVP) and 122.13~363.98-fold to temephos. The molecular analysis unveiled mutant ACE gene at loci of 260, 342 and 407 in all populations, which led to high frequencies at 27.4~73.8% of 260L, 59.1~76.7% of 342A, 23.7~40.9% of 342V, and 83.4~100.0% of 407Y, with inclusion of 8 genotypes and 10 mutant combinations. Further analysis of mutations showed a linkage disequilibrium of L/V+A+Y at locus 260 & 342, indicating a significant association with the DDVP resistance. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test demonstrated that the observed ACE heterozygosity mostly exceeded 0.5 and deviated from the equilibrium. In the fixation index, an insignificant differentiation was noted among the 7 housefly populations. Conclusions: However, further research should concentrate on the use of insecticides to avoid the abuse of insecticides, and to regularly monitor the resistance of houseflies using novel methods.
The Impact of Hospital Overcrowding on Quality of Care: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Chen , Song Jinglin , Zhao Shaoyang , Zhou Leming , Chen Hong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
This study examines the impact of healthcare staffing levels on the quality of healthcare services.

Methods
We use data from a 10% random sample of inpatients in a city in China from January 2014 to June 2019, and annual reports from healthcare providers to exclude disease types related to air pollution. The final analysis uses a sample of 1122 disease types and 862,722 cases from 517 hospitals. The impact of changes in hospital admissions on length of patients’ stay in hospitals (patient hospital days) and the mortality rate of patients is analyzed by building ordinary least squares and instrumental variable measurement models and comparing the differences in the impact of healthcare staffing levels on the quality of care between different levels of hospitals.

Results
The patient hospital days decrease and mortality rate increases with increased attendance. Using the instrumental variable method, for every one-unit increase in the number of visits to the hospital, there is a 5.87% decrease in patient hospital days and an increase in mortality of about 0.37%. Both results are significant at the 1% level. The impact of healthcare staffing level on the quality of care varies between different levels of hospitals. The quality of care in tertiary hospitals is most affected by the number of visits, with an average decrease of 4.36% in patient hospital days and an increase of 0.27% in mortality for every one-unit increase in visits, significant at the 1% level.

Conclusions
Currently, China is in the transition period of a healthcare reform, and faces a large shortage of medical resources, there is considerable variation in healthcare staffing across different tiers of hospital. Continued sole reliance by hospitals on increasing the working hours of medical staff to meet patients’ medical needs is not sustainable, and may even have a negative impact on the quality of medical services.