bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p110δ PI3K as a therapeutic target of solid tumours
Authors: Xenou Lydia , Papakonstanti Evangelia A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFrom the time of first characterization of PI3K as a heterodimer made up of a p110 catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit, a wealth of evidence have placed the class IA PI3Ks at the forefront of drug development for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. The p110α isoform was quickly brought at the centre of attention in the field of cancer research by the discovery of cancer-specific gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CA gene in a range of human solid tumours. In contrast, p110δ PI3K was placed into the spotlight of immunity, inflammation and haematologic malignancies because of the preferential expression of this isoform in leucocytes and the rare mutations in PIK3CD gene. The last decade, however, several studies have provided evidence showing that the correlation between the PIK3CA mutations and the response to PI3K inhibition is less clear than originally considered, whereas concurrently an unexpected role of p110δ PI3K in solid tumours has being emerging. While PIK3CD is mostly non-mutated in cancer, the expression levels of p110δ protein seem to act as an intrinsic cancer-causing driver in various solid tumours including breast, prostate, colorectal and liver cancer, Merkel-Cell carcinoma, glioblastoma and neurobalstoma. Furthermore, p110δ selective inhibitors are being studied as potential single agent treatments or as combination partners in attempt to improve cancer immunotherapy, with both strategies to shown great promise for the treatment of several solid tumours. In this review, we discuss the evidence implicating the p110δ PI3K in human solid tumours, their impact on the current state of the field and the potential of using p110δ-selective inhibitors as monotherapy or combined therapy in different cancer contexts.
Metformin alleviates hyperuricaemia-induced serum FFA elevation and insulin resistance by inhibiting adipocyte hypertrophy and reversing suppressed white adipose tissue beiging
Authors: Su Mengqi , Sun Li , Li Wenpeng , Liu He , Liu Yang , Wei Ying , Yuan Yue , Zheng Linqun , Yin Shuangli , Dai Chenguang , Zhao Chenyang , Pan Zhenwei , Li Yue 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hyperuricaemia (HUA) significantly increases the risk of metabolic syndrome and is strongly associated with the increased prevalence of high serum free fatty acids (FFAs) and insulin resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well established, especially the effect of uric acid (UA) on adipose tissue, a vital organ in regulating whole-body energy and FFA homeostasis. In the present study, we noticed that adipocytes from the white adipose tissue of patients with HUA were hypertrophied and had decreased UCP1 expression. To test the effects of UA on adipose tissue, we built both in vitro and in vivo HUA models and elucidated that a high level of UA could induce hypertrophy of adipocytes, inhibit their hyperplasia and reduce their beige-like characteristics. According to mRNA-sequencing analysis, UA significantly decreased the expression of leptin in adipocytes, which was closely related to fatty acid metabolism and the AMPK signalling pathway, as indicated by KEGG pathway analysis. Moreover, lowering UA using benzbromarone (a uricosuric agent) or metformin-induced activation of AMPK expression significantly attenuated UA-induced FFA metabolism impairment and adipose beiging suppression, which subsequently alleviated serum FFA elevation and insulin resistance in HUA mice. Taken together, these observations confirm that UA is involved in the aetiology of metabolic abnormalities in adipose tissue by regulating leptin-AMPK pathway, and metformin could lessen HUA-induced serum FFA elevation and insulin resistance by improving adipose tissue function via AMPK activation. Therefore, metformin could represent a novel treatment strategy for HUA-related metabolic disorders.
Measuring Global Coherence in People With Aphasia During Unstructured Conversation
Authors: Leaman Marion C. , Edmonds Lisa A. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Global coherence is an essential macrolinguistic discourse skill that speakers use to formulate discourse to convey meaning with maintenance to a topic. When global coherence is poor, the listener's ability to understand how the discourse makes sense as a whole is diminished. Measures exist to evaluate global coherence in people with aphasia during monologue tasks (e.g., picture description). The aim of the current research is to develop such a measure for unstructured conversation and to explore how global coherence is impacted by aphasia during conversation. A global coherence measure for conversation is required because markedly different cognitive and linguistic demands are made for production of different types of discourse. Thus, a structured monologue measure cannot be used with validity for unstructured conversation. To adequately evaluate global coherence during conversation, a measure specific to the demands of conversation is required.

Method
We adapted the 4-point Global Coherence Scale (Wright & Capilouto, 2012; Wright et al., 2013), a monologue-level measure of global coherence to conversation, resulting in the 4-point Global Coherence Scale in unstructured conversation (GCSconv). We conducted statistical evaluation of the reliability/stability of the 4-point GCSconv in 18 unstructured conversations held by nine people with aphasia. Utterances with low global coherence scores were classified following a recent methodology to describe how breakdown in these utterances contributed to diminished global coherence (Hazamy & Obermeyer, 2019).

Results
The 4-point GCSconv demonstrated excellent inter/intrarater reliability and test–retest stability. Nonspecific language and off-topic comments contributed most frequently to lowered global coherence.

Conclusions
Findings suggest the 4-point GCSconv may be a feasible and reliable measure of global coherence in conversation. This measure adds to a core of emerging reliable discourse measures for conversation. As such, it has potential to inform assessment and treatment of everyday conversation and to investigate the relationship of global coherence in structured monologue and unstructured conversation.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12469187
Field enhancement assisted graphene‐based microring modulator for high modulation depth
Authors: Joshi Swati , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar 
Published: June 2020

This study aims at optimising the graphene coverage in a microresonator for the design of an efficient modulator by using a combination of graphene induced losses and phase shift. The graphene integration in the ring can provide tunability by means of altering the loss and coupling coefficient by changing the graphene coverage or its chemical potential. The fundamental parameters of graphene integrated all‐pass ring resonator are extracted based on the transmission characteristics using finite‐difference time‐domain method. As compared to conventional graphene‐oxide‐semiconductor straight waveguide, graphene integrated on an all‐pass ring resonator shows enhanced optical absorption and phase shift due to field enhancement factor. A modulator based on graphene tunable loss and phase shift is investigated taking into account the field enhancement factor. For 1.55 μm radiation and ring radius of 3.75 μm with 22% graphene coverage, a maximum modulation depth of 12.6 dB is demonstrated based on electrostatic control of graphene chemical potential. The proposed modulator can feature operational speed in the range of 10 GHz that is useful in a variety of electro‐optic applications.
Uniform carrier‐based PWM method for three‐phase three‐level three‐wire and four‐wire converter system with neutral‐point balancing
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Zhu Zuhong , Hu Bihua , Tang Xiao , Liu Chang , Wang Zhiping 
Published: June 2020

In this study, a simple carrier‐based pulse‐width modulation (CBPWM) method is proposed for a three‐phase three‐level neutral‐point‐clamped converter with neutral‐point (NP) balancing, which can be applied to three‐phase three‐wire (TPTW) and three‐phase four‐wire (TPFW) converter systems simultaneously. First, the effect of each switching state for the NP potential in TPTW and TPFW systems is analysed in detail, and a newly NP control strategy by reconstructing the switching state and adjusting the corresponding duration time is deduced for all operation conditions, it only needs to add the offset voltage to the modulation reference voltage to guarantee the NP balance and is easy to implement. Then, under all operating conditions, the mathematical model of NP current is derived and analysed to evaluate the low‐frequency voltage oscillation in the NP. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed CBPWM strategy are verified by the experimental results based on a 12 kVA laboratory prototype.
Fundamental stellar parameters of benchmark stars from CHARA interferometry
Authors: Karovicova I. , White T. R. , Nordlander T. , Casagrande L. , Ireland M. , Huber D. , Jofré P. 
Published: June 2020

Context.Benchmark stars are crucial as validating standards for current as well as future large stellar surveys of the Milky Way. However, the number of suitable metal-poor benchmark stars is currently limited, owing to the difficulty in determining reliable effective temperatures (Teff) in this regime.Aims.We aim to construct a new set of metal-poor benchmark stars based on reliable interferometric effective temperature determinations and a homogeneous analysis. The aim is to reach a precision of 1% inTeff, as is crucial for sufficiently accurate determinations of the full set of fundamental parameters and abundances for the survey sources.Methods.We observed ten late-type metal-poor dwarfs and giants: HD 2665, HD 6755, HD 6833, HD 103095, HD 122563, HD 127243, HD 140283, HD 175305, HD 221170, and HD 224930. Only three of them (HD 103095, HD 122563, and HD 140283) have previously been used as benchmark stars. For the observations, we used the high-angular-resolution optical interferometric instrument PAVO at the CHARA array. We modelled angular diameters using 3D limb-darkening models and determined effective temperatures directly from the Stefan-Boltzmann relation, with an iterative procedure to interpolate over tables of bolometric corrections. Surface gravities (log(g)) were estimated from comparisons to Dartmouth stellar evolution model tracks. We collected spectroscopic observations from the ELODIE and FIES spectrographs and estimated metallicities ([Fe/H]) from a 1D non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) abundance analysis of unblended lines of neutral and singly ionised iron.Results.We inferredTeffto better than 1% for five of the stars (HD 103095, HD 122563, HD 127243, HD 140283, and HD 224930). The effective temperatures of the other five stars are reliable to between 2 and 3%; the higher uncertainty on theTefffor those stars is mainly due to their having a larger uncertainty in the bolometric fluxes. We also determined log(g) and [Fe/H] with median uncertainties of 0.03 dex and 0.09 dex, respectively.Conclusions.This study presents reliable and homogeneous fundamental stellar parameters for ten metal-poor stars that can be adopted as a new set of benchmarks. The parameters are based on our consistent approach of combining interferometric observations, 3D limb-darkening-modelling and spectroscopic observations. The next paper in this series will extend this approach to dwarfs and giants in the metal-rich regime.
Rehabilitation bei dermato-onkologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Veltmaat K. , Tsianakas A. 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDurch die in den letzten Jahren zunehmende Professionalisierung auf dem Gebiet der Dermato-Onkologie im Rahmen der Zertifizierung der Hauttumorzenten ist auch das Thema der Rehabilitation zunehmend in den Vordergrund gerückt. Im folgenden Artikel lernt der Leser, wie ein Rehabilitationsantrag zu stellen ist und was die Patienten während eines Rehabilitationsaufenthalts erwartet. Die Inhalte einer spezifisch dermato-onkologischen Rehabilitation reichen von einem breiten physiotherapeutischen Angebot mit Einzel- und Gruppensitzungen über die Lymphdrainage bis zu Entspannungsübungen und Massage. Dazu kommen wichtige Aspekte wie die Ernährungsberatung, aber auch die sozialmedizinische Beratung mit den Themen Wiedereinstieg ins Berufsleben oder auch die Beantragung eines Schwerbehindertenausweises. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit erfährt auch die psycho-onkologische Betreuung mit Einzel- und Gruppensitzungen. Hinzu kommen Patientenschulungsprogramme, in denen die Patienten Hintergründe zu ihrer onkologischen Erkrankung wie Genese, Risikofaktoren und Therapiemöglichkeiten in Patienten-gerechter Sprache erlernen. Zusammenfassend versucht eine spezifisch dermato-onkologische Rehabilitation, den betroffenen Patienten sowohl psychisch als auch physisch bestmöglich zu stärken und ihm dadurch beim Wiedereinstieg ins berufliche und soziale Leben zu helfen.
Die Blasenhernie: eine Fallserie und Review der Literatur
Authors: Trenti Emanuela , Palermo Salvatore , Huqi Dorjan , Ladurner Christian , Krause Philipp , Pycha Armin , Comploj Evi 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungInguinale Blasenhernien machen unter allen Leistenhernien nur 1 – 4 % aus. Die Diagnosestellung kann aufgrund der atypischen Symptome erschwert sein und wird oft erst intraoperativ diagnostiziert. Umso wichtiger ist, es die Diagnose präoperativ zu stellen, um evtl. iatrogene Komplikationen zu vermeiden.Wir berichten über eine Fallserie von 5 Patienten in den letzten 20 Jahren, welche mit der seltenen Pathologie einer Blasenhernie in unserer Abteilung therapiert wurden.
Abstract to Publication in Microsurgery: What Are the Discrepancies?
Authors: Maisner Rose S. , Ayyala Haripriya S. , Agag Richard L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery (ASRM) annual meeting is a forum to present new research abstracts prior to peer-reviewed publication. The aim of this study is to determine the conversion rate, discrepancies, and time between presentation and publication.
Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted cross-referencing ASRM abstracts presented between 2014 and 2018 with peer-reviewed manuscripts. The title and authors of the abstract and manuscript, the journal of manuscript publication, and time in months between presentation and publication were recorded. The conversion rate was calculated as the proportion of publications to abstracts. Major discrepancies were defined as changes in the purpose, study design, methods, sample size, statistical analysis, results, or conclusions. Minor discrepancies were defined as changes in the title or authorship.
Results Out of 667 oral abstract presentations, 361 (54%) resulted in publication. Of these abstracts, 53 were presented after their corresponding manuscripts were published. The mean conversion rate was 55.52 ± 10.17%. The mean time from presentation to publication was 13.83 months. Minor discrepancies were more frequent than major discrepancies (91 vs. 76%). The most common major and minor discrepancies involved changes in the results (63%) and authorship (79%), respectively. There was a significant association between the year of abstract presentation and whether the conclusion was changed (p = 0.001), but interyear relationships with all other discrepancies failed to reach statistical significance.
Conclusion Only around half of abstracts presented at the annual ASRM conference have reached full publication in peer-reviewed journals, and most are undergoing significant changes between presentation and publication. This may be due to panel discussions at meetings suggesting study modifications, as well as revisions after careful peer review. Altering surgical practices may not be recommended based on abstracts' content.
Central Apnea of Prematurity: Does Sex Matter?
Authors: Nagraj V. Peter , Lake Douglas E. , Kuhn Louise , Moorman J. Randall , Fairchild Karen D. 
Published: June 2020

Objective Apnea is common among infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Our group previously developed an automated algorithm to quantitate central apneas with associated bradycardia and desaturation (ABDs). Sex differences in lung disease are well described in preterm infants, but the influence of sex on apnea has not been established.
Study Design This study includes infants < 34 weeks' gestation admitted to the University of Virginia NICU from 2009 to 2014 with at least 1 day of bedside monitor data available when not on mechanical ventilation. Waveform and vital sign data were analyzed using a validated algorithm to detect ABD events of low variance in chest impedance signal lasting at least 10 seconds with associated drop in heart rate to < 100 beats/minute and drop in oxygen saturation to < 80%. Male and female infants were compared for prevalence of at least one ABD event during the NICU stay, treatment with caffeine, occurrence of ABDs at each week of postmenstrual age, and number of events per day.
Results Of 926 infants studied (median gestational age 30 weeks, 53% male), median days of data analyzed were 19 and 22 for males and females, respectively. There was no sex difference in prevalence of at least one ABD event during the NICU stay (males 62%, females 64%, p = 0.47) or in the percentage of infants treated with caffeine (males 64%, females 67%, p = 0.40). Cumulative prevalence of ABDs from postmenstrual ages 24 to 36 weeks was comparable between sexes. Males had 18% more ABDs per day of data, but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.16).
Conclusion In this large cohort of infants < 34 weeks' gestation, we did not detect a sex difference in prevalence of central ABD events. There was a nonsignificant trend toward a greater number of ABDs per day in male infants.
Key Points
Magnetic fluctuations and the spin–orbit interaction in Mott insulating CoO
Authors: Sarte P M , Wilson S D , Attfield J P , Stock C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Motivated by the presence of an unquenched orbital angular momentum in CoO, a team at Chalk River, including a recently hired research officer Roger Cowley, performed the first inelastic neutron scattering experiments on the classic Mott insulator [Sakurai et al 1968 Phys. Rev.
167 510]. Despite identifying two magnon modes at the zone boundary, the team was unable to parameterise the low energy magnetic excitation spectrum below T

N
using conventional pseudo-bosonic approaches, instead achieving only qualitative agreement. It would not be for another 40 years that Roger, now at Oxford and motivated by the discovery of the high-T
c cuprate superconductors [Bednorz and Muller 1986 Z. Phys. B
64 189], would make another attempt at the parameterisation of the magnetic excitation spectrum that had previously alluded him at the start of his career. Upon his return to CoO, Roger found a system embroiled in controversy, with some of its most fundamental parameters still remaining undetermined. Faced with such a formidable task, Roger performed a series of inelastic neutron scattering experiments in the early 2010s on both CoO and a magnetically dilute structural analogue Mg0.97Co0.03O. These experiments would prove instrumental in the determination of both single-ion [Cowley et al 2013 Phys. Rev. B
88 205117] and cooperative magnetic parameters [Sarte et al 2018 Phys. Rev. B
98 024415] for CoO. Both these sets of parameters would eventually be used in a spin–orbit exciton model [Sarte et al 2019 Phys. Rev. B
100 075143], developed by his longtime friend and collaborator Bill Buyers, to successfully parameterise the complex spectrum that both measured at Chalk River almost 50 years prior. The story of CoO is of one that has come full circle, one filled with both spectacular failures and intermittent, yet profound, little victories.
Generating mechanical and optomechanical entanglement via pulsed interaction and measurement
Authors: Clarke J , Sahium P , Khosla K E , Pikovski I , Kim M S , Vanner M R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Entanglement generation at a macroscopic scale offers an exciting avenue to develop new quantum technologies and study fundamental physics on a tabletop. Cavity quantum optomechanics provides an ideal platform to generate and exploit such phenomena owing to the precision of quantum optics combined with recent experimental advances in optomechanical devices. In this work, we propose schemes operating outside the resolved-sideband regime, to prepare and verify both optical–mechanical and mechanical–mechanical entanglement. Our schemes employ pulsed interactions with a duration much less than the mechanical period and, together with homodyne measurements, can both generate and characterize these types of entanglement. To improve the performance of our schemes, a precooling stage comprising prior pulses can be utilized to increase the amount of entanglement prepared, and local optical squeezers may be used to provide resilience against open-system dynamics. The entanglement generated by our schemes is quantified using the logarithmic negativity and is analysed with respect to the strength of the pulsed optomechanical interactions for realistic experimental scenarios including mechanical decoherence and optical loss. Two separate schemes for mechanical entanglement generation are introduced and compared: one scheme based on an optical interferometric design, and the other comprising sequential optomechanical interactions. The pulsed nature of our protocols provides more direct access to these quantum correlations in the time domain, with applications including quantum metrology and tests of quantum decoherence. By considering a parameter set based on recent experiments, the feasibility to generate significant entanglement with our schemes, even with large optical losses, is demonstrated.
Compact microstrip monopole antenna with Enhanced Gain using Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC)
Authors: Abu M. , Ali S. A. Md. , Asha’ri H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the performance of a microstrip monopole antenna with and without an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC). The antenna and AMC structures are designed at 2.45 GHz using Rogers RO3003 and RT5880 respectively. The thickness of the substrate of the antenna is 1.52 mm and the permittivity are 3. For the AMC, the thickness and the permittivity of the substrate are 3.18 mm and 2.2. The designed antenna has a hexagonal shape, and it is grounded by 3x3 AMC array. From the simulated results, it is found that integrating the AMC structure to the printed monopole antenna was significantly improved the gain and directivity of the antenna. With the AMC, the achieved gain is 6.54 dB, which exhibited 3.68 dB of increment. This antenna has high gain, as it has both high radiation efficiency and directivity. Its directivity increased from 3.01 dBi to 7.14 dBi. The measured results are in align with the simulated results. The antenna still operate at the desired frequency. The recorded measured gain is 5.33 dB, with 20.3 dB return loss at 2.4 GHz. Thus, the design of the monopole antenna with the AMC is suitable as a RFID tag, because it can improve the RFID reading distance.