bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial selection for host resistance to tumour growth and subsequent cancer cell adaptations: an evolutionary arms race
Authors: Ibrahim-Hashim Arig , Luddy Kimberly , Abrahams Dominique , Enriquez-Navas Pedro , Damgaci Sultan , Yao Jiqiang , Chen Tingan , Bui Marilyn M. , Gillies Robert J. , O’Farrelly Cliona , Richards Christina L. , Brown Joel S. , Gatenby Robert A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Cancer progression is governed by evolutionary dynamics in both the tumour population and its host. Since cancers die with the host, each new population of cancer cells must reinvent strategies to overcome the host’s heritable defences. In contrast, host species evolve defence strategies over generations if tumour development limits procreation.

Methods
We investigate this “evolutionary arms race” through intentional breeding of immunodeficient SCID and immunocompetent Black/6 mice to evolve increased tumour suppression. Over 10 generations, we injected Lewis lung mouse carcinoma cells [LL/2-Luc-M38] and selectively bred the two individuals with the slowest tumour growth at day 11. Their male progeny were hosts in the subsequent round.

Results
The evolved SCID mice suppressed tumour growth through biomechanical restriction from increased mesenchymal proliferation, and the evolved Black/6 mice suppressed tumour growth by increasing immune-mediated killing of cancer cells. However, transcriptomic changes of multicellular tissue organisation and function genes allowed LL/2-Luc-M38 cells to adapt through increased matrix remodelling in SCID mice, and reduced angiogenesis, increased energy utilisation and accelerated proliferation in Black/6 mice.

Conclusion
Host species can rapidly evolve both immunologic and non-immunologic tumour defences. However, cancer cell plasticity allows effective phenotypic and population-based counter strategies.
Evening types have social jet lag and metabolic alterations in school-age children
Authors: Martínez-Lozano Nuria , Barraco Gloria Maria , Rios Rafael , Ruiz Maria José , Tvarijonaviciute Asta , Fardy Paul , Madrid Juan Antonio , Garaulet Marta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChronotype has been mostly assessed with subjective scales. Objective assessment has been undertaken with actigraphy, although problems may occur in classifying chronotype. The aims of the study were to assess chronotype in school-age children using a novel integrative measurement (TAP) derived from non-invasive assessments of wrist temperature (T) physical activity (A) and body position (P) and to explore associations between chronotype, sleep disturbances, and metabolic components. Four-hundred-thirty-two children of 8–12 years were recruited from a Mediterranean area of Spain. Measurements were: (a) Chronotype objectively (7-day-rhythms of TAP) and subjectively measured (Munich-chronotype-self-reported questionnaire); (b) sleep rhythms and light exposition; (c) 7-day-diaries of food intake; (d) anthropometry and metabolic parameters; (e) academic scores. TAP acrophase was able to assess eveningness. As compared to more morning-types, more evening-types displayed lower amplitude in temperature rhythms, increased physical activity in the evening, delayed sleep and midpoint of intake and had more frequent social jet lag (P < 0.05). More evening-types had higher light intensity at 2 h before sleep and lower melatonin values (01:00 h). Eveningness associated with higher BMI and metabolic risk (higher values of insulin, glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol). Evening-types presented better grades in art. In conclusion, more evening-types, as objectively assessed, presented sleep alterations, social jet lag, obesity and higher metabolic risk.
Heterogeneous groups cooperate in public good problems despite normative disagreements about individual contribution levels
Authors: Otten Kasper , Buskens Vincent , Przepiorka Wojtek , Ellemers Naomi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNorms can promote human cooperation to provide public goods. Yet, the potential of norms to promote cooperation may be limited to homogeneous groups in which all members benefit equally from the public good. Individual heterogeneity in the benefits of public good provision is commonly conjectured to bring about normative disagreements that harm cooperation. However, the role of these normative disagreements remains unclear because they are rarely directly measured or manipulated. In a laboratory experiment, we first measure participants’ views on the appropriate way to contribute to a public good with heterogeneous returns. We then use this information to sort people into groups that either agree or disagree on these views, thereby manipulating group-level disagreement on normative views. Participants subsequently make several incentivized contribution decisions in a public goods game with peer punishment. We find that although there are considerable disagreements about individual contribution levels in heterogeneous groups, these disagreements do not impede cooperation. While cooperation is maintained because low contributors are punished, participants do not use punishment to impose their normative views on others. The contribution levels at which groups cooperate strongly relate to the average normative views of these groups.
Waist-to-height ratio and skipping breakfast are predictive factors for high blood pressure in adolescents
Authors: Aparicio-Cercós C. , Alacreu M. , Salar L. , Moreno Royo L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) in adolescents of the Valencian Autonomous Community (VC) in Spain. Besides, its association with other risk factors related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) or arterial hypertension (AHT) in order to increase our knowledge of public health and to provide advice about healthy diets. We conducted a multicentre, observational, cross-sectional, epidemiological study in a sample of 4402 adolescents from 15 schools during the 2015–2016 school year. The participants were aged between 11 and 18 years, and any individuals already diagnosed with AHT were excluded. In addition to the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), Evaluation of the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED), a lifestyle habits survey, the waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), and body mass index (BMI) were calculated for each participant. Informed Consent was obtained from Parents of the adolescents involved in the current study. The study received approval from the University ethics committee and all procedures were conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Chi-squared, Student t-tests, and ANOVA statistical analyses showed that 653 (14.8%) adolescents had previously undiagnosed HBP and that was significantly associated with male sex (p < 0.001), age over 15 years (p < 0.05), and height, weight, waist circumference, WtHR, BMI, and skipping breakfast. Based on the data we obtained in this study, the modifiable factors that influence HBP in adolescents were WtHR, BMI, and skipping breakfast.
Knotless seton for perianal fistulas: feasibility and effect on perianal disease activity
Authors: Stellingwerf Merel E. , Bak Michiel T. J. , de Groof E. Joline , Buskens Christianne J. , Molenaar Charlotte B. H. , Gecse Krisztina B. , Nerkens Willem , Horeman Tim , Bemelman Willem A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPatients with perianal fistulas are frequently treated by a knotted seton which is well-known for causing complaints. We aimed to assess the feasibility of the knotless SuperSeton and advantages with respect to perianal disease activity. In a prospective cohort study, we included all consecutive adult patients with a knotted seton in situ or a perianal fistula requiring new seton drainage. Primary endpoint was seton feasibility (maintenance of the connection for minimally three months). Secondary endpoints included improvement of the Perianal Disease Activity Index (PDAI), complications and re-interventions within three months of follow-up. PDAI scores of patients with a knotted seton were crossover compared to PDAI scores after knotless seton replacement. Sixty patients (42% male, mean age 42 (SD 13.15), 41 with Crohn’s disease) were included between August 2016 and April 2018. Of 79 knotless setons, 69 (87.3%) stayed connected for ≥ 3 months. Overall, the knotless seton significantly decreased discharge (P = 0.001), pain (P < 0.001) and induration (P < 0.001) measured by the PDAI when compared to baseline. In patients with a knotted seton, replacement by the knotless seton significantly decreased discharge (P = 0.005) and pain (P < 0.001) measured by the PDAI. Furthermore, 71% of patients reported fewer cleaning problems compared to the knotted seton. Ten patients developed a perianal abscess, and five patients required a re-intervention. This study supports the feasibility of the knotless seton with promising short-term results. The knotless seton might be preferred over the knotted seton in terms of perianal disease activity.
PROTAC Targeting BTK for the Treatment of Ibrutinib-resistant B-cell Malignancies
Authors: Sun Yonghui , Rao Yu 
Published: October 2020

This chapter covers the following sections – an introduction of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) signaling module, an introduction of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and the development of BTK inhibitors followed by drug resistance and side effects, and lastly the development and prospect of BTK PROTACs.
Targeting Translation Regulation for the Development of Novel Drugs
Authors: Alroy Iris , Mansour Wissam , Sheinberger Yoni 
Published: October 2020

Regulation of protein translation is not restricted to global coordination, but it is also highly specific as it is an important infliction point in the regulation of gene expression, because it offers a rapid and protein-selective response to environmental cues. For example, mRNA can be transported and stored in specific cellular compartments and rapidly produced in response to a signal. Indeed, selective and specific regulation of protein translation occurs at several levels: (1) mRNA is bound by proteins immediately at transcription, enabling mRNA processing, modification (epitranscriptomics), transport, cytoplasmic localization and availability for translation; (2) proteins regulate RNA-binding proteins occupancy on target mRNAs, thereby regulating mRNA half-life and translation initiation; (3) regulation of ribosome recruitment and processivity (i.e., rate of translation). This complex regulatory machinery offers multiple targets for therapeutic intervention in protein aggregation diseases and in targeting proteins which are considered hard targets, such as structural proteins, transcription factors and scaffold and assembly proteins. We have developed a method which visualizes specific or global protein translation inside mammalian cells by monitoring the activity of ribosomes. This uniquely enables the discovery of small molecules which specifically regulate translation and leads to the identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
MicroRNA124 and microRNA21-5p regulate migration, proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang Xiaofu , Gao Chao , Zhang Hang , Zhang Hongtao , Qu Jing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can be a useful source of cells for the treatment of many diseases, including neurologic diseases. The curative effect of MSCs relies mostly on cell’s capacity of migration, proliferation and differentiation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles on regulating various cell behaviors. Here, we report that miRNA-124 (miR124) and miRNA-21-5p (miR21-5p) display different regulatory roles on migration, proliferation and neuron differentiation of MSCs. MiR124 was shown greatly promoting MSCs migration and neuronal differentiation. MiR21-5p could significantly enhance the proliferation and neuronal differentiation ability of MSCs. MiR124 and miR21-5p synergistically promote differentiation of MSCs into neurons. Collectively, miR124 and miR21-5p can functionally regulate cell migration, proliferation and neuronal differentiation of MSCs. Therefore, miR124 and miR21-5p may be promising tools to improve transplantation efficiency for neural injury.
A persistent quiet-Sun small-scale tornado
Authors: Tziotziou K. , Tsiropoula G. , Kontogiannis I. 
Published: October 2020

Context. Vortex flows can foster a variety of wave modes. A recent oscillatory analysis of a persistent 1.7 h vortex flow with a significant substructure has suggested the existence of various types of waves within it.
Aims. We investigate the nature and characteristics of waves within this quiet-Sun vortex flow, over the course of an uninterrupted 48-min observing time interval, in order to better understand its physics and dynamics.
Methods. We used a cross-wavelet spectral analysis between pairs of Hα and Ca II 8542 Å intensity time series at different wavelengths and, hence, atmospheric heights, acquired with the CRisp Imaging SpectroPolarimeter at the Swedish Solar Telescope, as well as the derived Hα Doppler velocity and full width at half maximum time series. We constructed halftone frequency-phase difference plots and investigated the existence and propagation characteristics of different wave modes.
Results. Our analysis suggests the existence of Alfvénic type waves within the vortex flow that propagate upwards with phase speeds of ∼20–30 km s−1. The dominant wave mode seems to be the fast kink wave mode, however, our analysis also suggests the existence of localised Alfvénic torsional waves, which are related to the dynamics of individual chromospheric swirls that characterise the substructure of the vortex flow. The Hα V–I phase difference analysis seems to imply the existence of a standing wave pattern that is possibly arising from the interference of upwards propagating kink waves with downwards propagating ones that are reflected at the transition region or the corona. Moreover, the results provide further evidence that the central chromospheric swirl drives the dynamics of the vortex flow.
Conclusions. This is the first exhaustive phase difference analysis within a vortex flow that explores the nature and dynamics of different wave modes within it. The question, however, of whether, and how, the dissipation of the derived wave modes occurs remains open, and given that such structures are ubiquitous on the solar surface, it’s also important to investigate whether they might ultimately play a significant role in the energy budget of the upper layers of the solar atmosphere.
Regionale Einflüsse auf die Hausbesuchstätigkeit – Ist die ländliche Versorgung auf Dauer gesichert?
Authors: Lenz Fabian , Schübel Jeannine , Bergmann Antje , Voigt Karen 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Demografischer Wandel und Urbanisierung schreiten in Deutschland voran. Obwohl der Versorgungsbedarf durch eine wachsende ältere und multimorbide Generation steigt, sind die Hausbesuchszahlen der Hausärzte seit Jahren rückläufig. In vorangegangenen Studien ergaben sich Hinweise, dass gerade im ländlichen Raum die Arbeitsbelastung für Hausärzte zunimmt. Fragestellung Welche strukturellen Praxismerkmale beeinflussen die Häufigkeit hausärztlicher Hausbesuche? Welchen Einfluss hat die regionalen Lage der Hausarztpraxen?
Methoden Im Rahmen einer Studie unter Hausarztpraxen in Sachsen wurden von 303 teilnehmenden Praxen in einem Zeitraum von einem Jahr 4286 Hausbesuche mittels Fragebogen dokumentiert. Jede Praxis erhob die Hausbesuche innerhalb einer randomisiert zugewiesenen Woche. Zusätzlich zu den Merkmalen der Hausbesuche wurden auch Informationen über die Praxis, wie regionale Lage, Hausbesuchsorganisation und Patientenzahlen, erfasst. Die Hausbesuchszahlen beruhen auf Angaben der befragten Ärzte. Im Nachgang wurden die Daten anhand der Postleitzahl durch Strukturinformationen des Statistischen Landesamtes sowie Versorgungsdaten der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung (KV) ergänzt. Die Daten wurden zunächst bivariat getestet, anschließend ein multivariates Modell erstellt.
Ergebnisse Die befragten Hausärzte führten nach eigenen Angaben im Mittel 14,5 (SD 9,5) Hausbesuche pro Woche durch, was die Mitbetreuung von 32,0 (SD 30,0) Pflegeheimpatienten einschloss. Dabei korrelierte die Hausbesuchszahl bivariat signifikant negativ mit der Einwohnerzahl und signifikant positiv mit dem Altersdurchschnitt der Region. In der multivariaten Analyse zeigte sich jedoch das Alter des Arztes als größter Prädiktor für die Hausbesuche je Woche, wobei jüngere Ärzte signifikant weniger Hausbesuche durchführten.
Schlussfolgerung Die Hausbesuchszahl je Woche ist im Vergleich zu Vorstudien weiter rückläufig. Im Regressionsmodell fällt der große Einfluss des Arztalters auf die Hausbesuchsanzahl auf. Während regional-strukturelle Merkmale in den Hintergrund rücken, muss von einer veränderten Einstellung gegenüber Hausbesuchen ausgegangen werden, wobei mutmaßlich Telemedizin und Delegation in den Vordergrund treten.
Enantioselective Diels–Alder Reaction of 3-Nitrocoumarins Promoted by Chiral Organoammonium Salt Catalysts
Authors: Sakakura Akira , Fujii Yudai , Nakao Ryota , Sugihara Saki , Fujita Keita , Araki Yuya , Kudoh Takayuki , Hayakawa Ichiro , Mizoguchi Haruki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn enantioselective Diels–Alder reaction of 3-nitrocoumarins has been developed. A tryptophan-derived C
1-symmetric organoammonium thiourea catalyst promoted the reaction of 3-nitrocoumarins with Danishefsky’s diene to give the corresponding adducts with good enantioselectivity (up to 94% ee). One of the resulting adducts was converted into a chiral carbocyclic quaternary β-amino alcohol.
The value of a pragma-functional approach to intercultural conflict discourses
Authors: Lecompte-Van Poucke Margo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Systemic functional linguistics focuses on the study of language use within its registerial context of situation. The
theory offers a meaning-based approach for the analysis of discourses in generic and culture-specific settings. When it comes to the
analysis of conflict discourses across cultural boundaries, SFL may be integrated into a framework that relates language use to the notions
of power and ideology and the dimensions of culture and history to provide a broader picture to inform future political decision-making.
This paper presents a pragma-functional approach combining systemic functional linguistics, argumentation theory, critical theory and
postcolonial insights. The analytical tool is illustrated with reference to the New Caledonian independence debate through the analysis of
salient linguistic patterns and discursive moves in two open letters, published in April 1988 by Kanak independence leader Jean-Marie
Tjibaou and former French President François Mitterrand.
Gravitational wave signature of the fifth force for dark matter
Authors: Yue Xiao-Jun , Cao Zhoujian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Testing the equivalence principle (EP) is of great importance for fundamental physics. Whether the EP is held for dark matter (DM) is still unclear. Motivated by the recent discoveries of gravitational waves (GWs) by ground based detectors, we study the possibility of testing EP of DM by GW experiments. We consider a binary composed of a black hole (BH) and a neutron star (NS) with respect to the galactic DM as the attractor. Possibly, long-range fifth-force other than gravity between DM and ordinary matter may lead to the EP violation for DM, we investigate the effect of fifth-force acted by DM on the GW waveform of the BH-NS binary. The presence of the fifth-force will lead to a phase correction in the GW waveform which may be detectable, but the phase correction depends chaotically on the initial condition. We calculate the probability of detection for different initial conditions. The probability depends on the time interval of integration, the EP-violating driving force and the initial eccentricity. We find for appropriate conditions the probability can reach to a considerable value, and even approach to 1 in some extremal cases. For example, for most BH-NS binaries formed in the field locating as far as the solar system to the galactic center, the fifth force with the Eötvös parameter

η

DM

BH
,
NS

⩾
0.01

will result in the probability of detection >0.6 if the interval of integral time is from f = 1 Hz to the final state when the NS is disrupted by the BH. These predictions may be tested by future GW observations.
Force-free electrodynamics and foliations in an arbitrary spacetime
Authors: Menon Govind 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we formulate the relationship between force-free electrodynamics and foliations. The background metric is considered predetermined and electrically neutral, but otherwise arbitrary. As it turns out, solutions to force-free electrodynamics are intimately connected to the existence of foliations of spacetime with prescribed properties. We prove a local existence and uniqueness theorem concerning foliations when the field is non-null. In the null case, we show that there will always be a class of solutions with exactly two degrees of freedom for every admissible foliation. We are also able to also prove a singularity theorem for when non-null solutions approach the null limit. All new results are clarified with examples. For a variety in the discussion, we conclude with a solution to Maxwell’s equations in FRW cosmology.
From a central force to Kepler’s area law: student difficulties and preferences with two derivations
Authors: Oktarisa Yuvita , Karam Ricardo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In theorem 1 of his celebrated Principia, Newton showed that if one assumes a central force, Kepler’s area law follows. In this work, we report a study where two different ways of deriving this relationship, one geometrical (à la Newton) and the other analytical (using vector calculus), were presented to pre-service physics teachers. The participants were asked to formulate the essential arguments and to discuss issues that they did not understand. The findings consist of the participants’ main difficulties to understand the arguments, as well as indications of their preference for more geometrical or analytical derivations.
Giant exchange bias in micro-sized magnetic shape memory alloy particles
Authors: Liao Xiaoqi , Svedlindh Peter , Salazar-Alvarez German , Zeng Yu-Jia , Huang Rui , Yang Sen , Wang Yu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We report the effects of the magnetic ground sate and microstructure on exchange bias (EB) in ball milled Ni44Co6Mn39.5Sn10.5 alloys. A giant bias field of 1.49 T has been obtained for the micron-sized particles after 15 h milling, which is considerably larger than that of 2 h milled platelets (0.35 T) and that of the bulk alloy (0.12 T). This giant bias field is attributed to the increased volume fraction of antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic interface, the enhanced antiferromagnetic fraction and the formed agglomerates. Our results reveal the critical roles of the magnetic ground state and microstructure of milled alloys in determining EB.
Numerical study of the effect of atomic mass of the ambient gas on the expansion and the lateral interactions of LBO plumes
Authors: Yadav Sharad K , Singh R K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The characteristics of the lateral interaction of two LBO plasma plumes in argon Ar ambient gas at high pressures were reported in a recent publication (Yadav et al 2017 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.
50 355201). Further, we have investigated the interaction characteristics of plumes in He, Ne, Ar and Xe gases to see the effect of atomic mass on the interaction. The present work illustrates the applicability of the present model for theoretical understanding of dynamics, structure, density variation, shock wave formations and their interactions of two propagating plasma plumes in a wide range of ambient conditions. The formation of interaction region, geometrical shape and strength of the shock fronts and subsequent regular and Mach reflections in accordance with the nature and pressure of ambient gas are successfully captured in the simulations.