bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological Validation of MRI: A Review of Challenges in Registration of Imaging and Whole‐Mount Histopathology
Authors: Alyami Wadha , Kyme Andre , Bourne Roger 
Published: October 2020

Rigorous validation with ground truth information such as histology is needed to reliably assess the current and potential value of MRI techniques to characterize tissue and identify disease‐related tissue alterations. Commonly used methods that aim to directly correlate histology and MRI data generally fall short of this goal due to spatial errors that preclude direct matching. Errors result from tissue deformation, differences in spatial resolution and slice thickness, non‐coplanar and/or nonintersecting plane orientations, and different image contrast mechanisms. Some of these problems arise from limitations in standard protocols for clinical tissue processing and histology‐based pathology reporting, and to some extent can be addressed by modifications to standard protocols without compromising the clinical process. Typical modifications include ex vivo specimen MRI, block‐face photography, addition of fiducial markers, and 3D printed molds to constrain tissue deformation and guide sectioning. This review summarizes the advantages and limitations of MRI validation techniques based on coregistration of MRI with whole‐mount histology of tissue specimens.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage1
The prevalence of MERS‐CoV among military personnel and their families: A single‐center study
Authors: Alsharif Khalaf F. , Alzahrani Abdulwahab B. , Alharbi Abdulsamad O. , Algregri Tariq O. , Almuafa Badr H. , Alsulami Mishal O. , Alzahrani Khalid J. , Almuqati Malik S. , Abdel‐Moneim Ahmed S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) is aBetacoronavirusthat results in a severe fatal respiratory disease; however, it is also associated with mild inapparent infections. The western part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) contains the holy places where millions of Muslims gathered from all over the world, all year round, with a high probability of mass disease transmission. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of MERS‐CoV among military personnel and their families during the period 2014–2019, in the western part of the KSA. A total of 35,203 sputum samples collected from patients with respiratory distress were screened for the presence of MERS‐CoV using real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction in the examined patients. MERS‐CoV infections were detected at a very low percentage in the examined patients. Only 42 of the examined subjects (0.12%) were found positive for MERS‐CoV. Most infected cases (32/42) cases were detected in 2014, and the rest of the cases were reported in 2015–2019. The cases with fatal consequences (n = 20) were only detected in 2014. It was concluded that there is a very low prevalence of MERS‐CoV infections among the military personnel and their families.
Evaluation of transport media for laboratory detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in upper respiratory tract swab specimens
Authors: Penrod Yvonne , Garcia Denise , Dunn S. Terence 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe reduced availability of commercial swabs and transport media for testing and administrative demands for increased testing capacity during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) public health emergency has seriously challenged national laboratory testing programs, forcing many to use nontraditional collection devices, often without typical analytical assessment of their suitability in testing. Five common transport media (four commercial and one in‐house) were evaluated for their suitability in the collection of nasopharyngeal swab specimens for subsequent molecular detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐associated coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Results suggest that these transport media provide dependable temporal stability of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus without significant analytical interference of molecular assays. These findings are not only important for addressing critical laboratory supply chain shortages of transport media in the current COVID‐19 health crisis but also for future pandemic planning, when again supplies of commercially available transport media might be depleted.
A novel dual memristor hyperchaotic system and its application for secure communication based on three‐fold function projection synchronization
Authors: An Xiaoyu , Jiang Minghao , Deng Wei , Fang Jie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA novel simplest four‐dimensional hyperchaotic system with dual memristors is designed by using a charge‐controlled memristor and a generalized voltage‐controlled memristor. Based on the conventional dynamic analysis method and MATLAB simulation software, the dynamic characteristics of the dual memristor hyperchaotic system such as Lyapunov exponent spectrum, phase diagram, and bifurcation diagram are studied. The novel system is found to exhibit singular nonlinear phenomena, such as limit cycle, state transition and multiple scroll attractor with certain parameter values. Being different from most known chaotic systems, which contain only two isolated unstable equilibrium points, the novel system has an infinite number of unstable equilibriums points and a larger Lyapunov exponent. What is more, the three‐fold function projection synchronization of the dual memristor hyperchaotic system and its application for secure communication is studied. Based on Lyapunov stabilization theory and adaptive sliding mode control method, three driving systems and three response systems are synchronized according to the corresponding scaling function matrix, respectively. In the secure communication system, the message signal is separated into three parts loaded in the different drive systems with different initial conditions to increase the reliability. The corresponding numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the results obtained.
Zero‐fluoroscopy catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: a transitional period experience
Authors: Cha Myung‐Jin , Lee Euijae , Oh Seil 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRadiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) without using fluoroscopy has been getting popular. In this study, we reported the transition period experience of the zero‐fluoroscopy procedure by an experienced operator and shared our zero‐fluoroscopy protocol.MethodA total of consecutive 30 AF ablation cases attempted to be treated without fluoroscopy were investigated. Ten serial cases were grouped as fluoroscopy‐guided period, and period 1‐3 in chronological order. All zero‐fluoroscopy attempted cases were assisted with an intracardiac echocardiography device with a three‐dimensional electroanatomical system.ResultsComplete zero‐fluoroscopy procedure was achieved at the 6th case during the transitional period. During the first period, the total procedure time slightly increased in, but afterward, procedure time was continuously decreased, and it became significantly shorter in the third period than the previous fluoroscopy‐guided period. Any additional use of fluoroscopy during the transitional period was mainly for transseptal puncture and diagnostic catheter placement into the coronary sinus. Pulmonary vein isolation was achieved in all patients, and there was one case of hemodynamically insignificant moderate amount pericardial effusion.ConclusionFor an experienced operator, complete zero‐fluoroscopy AF ablation might be achieved safely and feasibly within 5‐10 cases. Fluoroscopy equipment backup might be useful during the learning period for beginners in the zero‐fluoroscopy procedure.
Medical Nutrition Reimbursement in Singapore: Who Are the Patients Receiving MediFund Assistance? An Audit of Clinical Outcomes and Issues Pertaining to Reimbursement in a Public Hospital in Singapore
Authors: Wong Alvin , Goh Qiu Le , Goh Soon Noi , Sowa Przemyslaw M. , Banks Merrilyn D. , Bauer Judith D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundFinancial reimbursement (MediFund) of medical nutrition products (MNPs) was recently implemented in some of the public hospitals in Singapore for patients with financial difficulties. This study aimed to investigate the sustainability of this policy and the benefits conferred.MethodsWe performed a 1‐year retrospective audit of patients in a tertiary hospital who received MediFund. Demographics, presupport and postsupport clinical outcomes, and cost of support were determined and analyzed.ResultsA total of 129 patients received MediFund for MNPs. The median length of financial support was 115 days (interquartile range, 37–269). Overall, body mass index increased after nutrition support (20.9 ± 5.1 vs 20.4 ± 5.3; P = .012). There was a significant decrease in the number of malnourished patients (final, 55.1% vs initial, 86.8%; P < .001) and a significant increase in 7‐point subjective global assessment scores (final, 4.9 ± 1.3 vs initial, 4.1 ± 1.3; P < .001) after MNP support. MNP adherence was high for 88.5% of patients who returned for follow‐up appointments. Patients who defaulted follow‐up appointments were more likely to have 30‐day readmission (50% vs 19.5%; P < .001) and had higher mortality rates (35.7% vs 10.3%; P < .001). Total reimbursement of S $108,960 was provided to subsidize MNPs over 1 year.ConclusionSupporting patients with financial difficulties led to an improvement in their nutrition status. Regular dietitian reviews of patients and monitoring compliance to consumption of MNPs are essential to ensure patients benefit from the support.
Residential Cognitive Processing Therapy Decreases Suicidality by Reducing Perceived Burdensomeness in Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Blain Rachel C. , Pukay‐Martin Nicole D. , Martin Colleen E. , Dutton‐Cox Courtney E. , Chard Kathleen M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe interpersonal theory of suicide (Joiner, 2005) may help explain high suicide rates among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It suggests that suicidal ideation results from believing that one is a burden on others (i.e., perceived burdensomeness) and does not belong among family, friends, or other social groups (i.e., thwarted belongingness). Evidence‐based PTSD treatments, including cognitive processing therapy (CPT), decrease suicidal ideation, potentially through changes in these two theory constructs. The current study examined whether (a) changes in PTSD severity and suicidal ideation and (b) changes in negative cognitions about self and suicidal ideation were indirectly associated through changes in perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness across PTSD treatment. Participants (N = 107) were veterans in a residential treatment program who were diagnosed with full or subthreshold PTSD and received CPT. Changes in PTSD symptom severity and negative cognitions about self predicted changes in suicidal ideation, B = 0.18, p < .001 and B = 0.50, p < .001, respectively. Changes in PTSD symptom severity and negative cognitions about self were indirectly associated with suicidal ideation through changes in perceived burdensomeness, B = 0.16, 95% CI [0.07, 0.25]; B = 0.27, 95% CI [0.05, 0.50], but not thwarted belongingness, B = −0.002; 95% CI [−0.06, 0.06]; B = 0.06, 95% CI [−0.12, 0.21] in separate models. These findings suggest that residential CPT may be uniquely equipped to decrease suicidality by restructuring negative beliefs, including perceptions of being a burden on others, and/or by alleviating the objective burden of PTSD.
Communication Chaos from Discrepancies in Personal Protective Equipment and Preoperative Guidelines
Authors: Wang Nancy , Xu Mary Jue , House Adrian E. , Strohl Madeleine P. , Goldberg Andrew N. , Murr Andrew H. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo compare personal protective equipment (PPE) guidelines, specifically respirator use, among international public health agencies, academic hospitals, and otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery (OHNS) departments in the United States for the care of coronavirus‐19 (COVID‐19) patients.Study DesignCross sectional survey.MethodsReview of publicly available public health and academic hospitals guidelines along with review of communication among otolaryngology departments.ResultsAmong 114 academic institutions affiliated with OHNS residencies, 20 (17.5%) institutions provided public access to some form of guidance on PPE and 73 (64%) provided information on screening or diagnostic testing. PPE guidelines were uniquely described based on several variables: location of care, COVID‐19 status, involvement of aerosol generating or high‐risk procedures, and physical distance from the patient. Six hospital guidelines were highlighted. Across these six institutions, there was agreement that N95 respirators were needed for high‐risk patients undergoing high‐risk procedures. Variations existed among institutions for scenarios with low‐risk patients. Definitions of the low‐risk patient and high‐risk procedures were inconsistent among institutions. Three of the highlighted institutions had OHNS departments recommending higher level of airway protection than the institution.ConclusionsOHNS departments typically had more stringent PPE guidance than their institution. Discrepancies in communicating PPE use were frequent and provide inconsistent information on how healthcare workers should protect themselves in the COVID‐19 pandemic. Identification of these inconsistencies serves as an opportunity to standardize communication and develop evidence‐based guidelines.Level of EvidenceV Laryngoscope, 131:E746–E754, 2021
Spatial scale drives diversity patterns of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in tropical estuaries
Authors: Medeiros Carlinda Raílly , Heino Jani , dos Santos Paulo Jorge Parreira , Molozzi Joseline , Ligeiro Raphael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIdentifying the hierarchical spatial levels that show the greatest dissimilarities between communities and how these patterns are generated is essential to provide insights into the monitoring and protection of biodiversity. In this study, we additively partitioned diversity of macroinvertebrates into alpha, beta, and gamma diversity across multiple scales in typical and semi‐arid tropical estuaries. We also determined which components of the total beta diversity, in terms of species replacement or richness difference (presence‐absence data) and abundance difference (relative abundance data), had the greatest relative importance in structuring the composition of benthic macrofauna. In typical and semi‐arid tropical estuaries, a non‐random spatial pattern was observed in additive partitioning of diversity, with higher values of beta diversity obtained at the largest scales analyzed. When considering the presence‐absence data, in general there was no clear trend which components of beta diversity had greater relative importance in typical estuaries. In the semi‐arid tropical estuaries, the richness difference component showed greater relative importance in the rainy season, whereas the species replacement presented greater proportions in the dry season. When considering abundance data, in general the abundance difference component showed greater relative importance in typical and semi‐arid tropical estuaries in the two seasonal periods. Therefore, approaches based on the presence/absence and on the relative abundance of species provided complementary answers about the distribution patterns of benthic macroinvertebrate communities. We demonstrated that environmental filtering and dispersal limitation may affect the patterns of distribution of benthic macrofauna in estuaries located in regions with different climatic conditions.
Circ0106714 inhibits tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer by sponging miR‐942‐5p and releasing DLG2 via Hippo‐YAP signaling
Authors: Li Shiquan , Yan Guoqiang , Liu Wei , Li Chenyao , Wang Xu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the role of circ0106714‐miR‐942‐5p‐discs large homolog 2 (DLG2), a novel interactome, in colorectal cancer (CRC). Circ0106714 was found to be the most significantly downregulated circular RNA in CRC using a bioinformatics method, and we researched whether the ability of circ0106714 to sponge miR‐942‐5p and release DLG2 could affect CRC development via Hippo‐YES‐associated protein (YAP) signaling. We first employed qRT‐PCR and immunoblotting to detect messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression, respectively. Live imaging of mice tumor xenografts was then conducted to study the effect of circ0106714 on tumor progression in vivo. Reporter gene assays were subsequently conducted to verify the predicted targeting relationship between circ0106714, miR‐942‐5p, and DLG2 mRNA in SW480 and HCT116 cell lines. As well as using flow cytometry for both apoptosis and cell cycle profile analyses, CCK‐8 and clone foci formation assays were performed to assess cell survival. Wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay were later carried out to evaluate the migration and invasion of the cell lines. Findings revealed that circ0106714 and DLG2 were significantly downregulated, while miR‐942‐5p was significantly upregulated in human CRC tissues and cell lines. However, circ0106714 upregulation significantly suppressed tumor progression in vivo and inhibited the malignancy phenotypes of tumor cells in vitro by targeting miR‐942‐5p. Also discovered in this research was that miR‐942‐5p could directly target DLG2 mRNA, thus enhancing the malignancy phenotypes of CRC cells. We even found that DLG2 overexpression resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of YAP, a critical downstream effector of DLG2. This downstream effector was demonstrated to have a tumor‐suppressive capacity in CRC cell lines. In sum, circ0106714 could suppress CRC by sponging miR‐942‐5p and releasing DLG2, thus promoting YAP phosphorylation.
Epidemiology, evolutionary origin, and malaria‐induced positive selection effects of G6PD‐deficient alleles in Chinese populations
Authors: Zheng Yuzhong , Wang Junli , Liang Xueyan , Huang Huiying , Ma Yanbo , Lin Liyun , Wang Chunfang , Zhan Xiaofen , Yang Liye , Zha Guangcai , Yang Peikui , Zou Xianghui , Chen Zikai , Chen Xinyao , Chen Weizhong , Liu Xiangzhi , Lin Min 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common inherited disorder in the Chinese population, there is scarce evidence regarding the epidemiology, evolutionary origin, and malaria‐induced positive selection effects of G6PD‐deficient alleles in various Chinese ethnic populations.MethodsWe performed a large population‐based screening (n = 15,690) to examine the impact of selection on human nucleotide diversity and to infer the evolutionary history of the most common deficiency alleles in Chinese populations.ResultsThe frequencies of G6PD deficiency ranged from 0% to 11.6% in 12 Chinese ethnic populations. A frequency map based on geographic information showed that G6PD deficiency was highly correlated with historical malaria prevalence in China and was affected by altitude and latitude. The five most frequently occurring G6PD gene variants were NM_001042351.3:c.1376G>T, NM_001042351.3:c.1388G>A, NM_001042351.3:c.95A>G, NM_001042351.3:c.1311T>C, and NM_001042351.3:c.1024C>T, which were distributed with ethnic features. A pathogenic but rarely reported variant site (NM_001042351.3:c.448G>A) was identified in this study. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a strong and recent positive selection targeting the NM_001042351.3:c.1376G>T allele that originated in the past 3125 to 3750 years and another selection targeting the NM_001042351.3:c.1388G>A allele that originated in the past 5000 to 6000 years. Additionally, both alleles originated from a single ancestor.ConclusionThese results indicate that malaria has had a major impact on the Chinese genome since the introduction of rice agriculture.
3D‐printed pumpkin‐shaped cavity resonator to determine the complex permittivity of liquids
Authors: Rocco Giulia Maria , Delmonte Nicolò , Schreurs Dominique , Marconi Stefania , Auricchio Ferdinando , Bozzi Maurizio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article presents a novel 3D‐printed cavity resonator, adopted for the extraction of complex dielectric permittivity of liquid chemicals. The proposed structure consists of a spherical cavity slightly compressed at the poles (similar to a pumpkin), which embeds a thin pipe, where the liquid material under test flows. When the liquid is injected into the pipe, the resonance frequency and the quality factor of the fundamental cavity mode change, and their measurement allows retrieving the complex dielectric permittivity of the liquid. The device is entirely realized by 3D‐printing and subsequently metalized by electroplating. The flexibility of the 3D‐printing technique allows to implement cavities with unconventional shapes. In this case, the shape is selected to achieve a high quality factor, and it permits to find a good compromise between high sensitivity and good accuracy in the determination of the complex dielectric permittivity. The device was tested with several liquids, and the results were compared to characterizations performed using a commercial coaxial probe.
Detection of urban underground cavities using seismic scattered waves: a case study along the Xuzhou Metro Line 1 in China
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Shengdong , Yang Cai , Liu Xue , Wang Bo 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTDuring metro construction, unidentified cavities pose a serious threat to the integrity of the tunnels and public safety. An efficient and accurate cavity‐detection method is needed, given the limited space and time constraints of urban construction. Equivalent offset migration is a high‐accuracy, seismic scattered‐wave imaging method that is effective in wavefield extraction, has the ability to derive the wavefield outside the range of the source–receiver points and can use imaging data for areas with poor signal‐to‐noise ratios. In this study, we consider a stratified subsurface structure and the geological conditions of a city and construct a typical urban cavity geological model to study the characteristics of cavity‐scattered waves. In numerical studies, equivalent offset migration is superior to Kirchhoff post‐stack migration in the case of seismic scattered‐wave imaging. A fast‐moving detection device for urban construction conditions is designed to meet the data‐acquisition requirements on the basis of the scattered‐wave characteristics and equivalent offset migration method. Efficient acquisition and accurate detection are confirmed, with the detected depth deviating by less than 1 m compared to the depth obtained from borehole checks along the Xuzhou Metro Line 1 in China. The results show that cavity detection using seismic scattered waves can meet urban engineering requirements. Further study on the design of a high‐performance detection device, reception and extraction of weakly scattered waves, and scattered‐wave recognition and interpretation techniques for different targets will be helpful in solving cavity‐detection problems in urban engineering.
A new convergence and positivity analysis of balanced Euler method for stochastic age‐dependent population equations
Authors: Tan Jianguo , Mayavel Pichamuthu , Rathinasamy Anandaraman , Cao Honglei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn a previous paper, a numerical method preserving positivity was constructed for stochastic age‐dependent population equations. However, only the local error of the balanced Euler method was verified. In this paper, we will give the global error of this numerical method in the mean square sense. Moreover, the strong convergence order is investigated which proves the convergence of the aforementioned method with strong orderin the mean of global error. At last, we give some numerical experiments to illustrate the efficiency of our method.