bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host-seeking behavior and hourly biting rhythm of vectors in malaria endemic district of Arba Minch area, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Zeru Melkam Abiye , Shibru Simon , Massebo Fekadu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The early and outdoor biting behaviors of malaria vectors are among the key challenges in malaria control. Hence, understanding the host-seeking behavior and the peak biting time of malaria vectors is important in malaria vector control programs. This study assessed the host-seeking behavior and hourly biting activity of malaria mosquitoes in Chano Mille village in Arba Minch district, southwest Ethiopia. Methods The first trial was done by keeping cattle together with human that collects the entered mosquitoes in tent, while the other was done by keeping cattle outside a 1 m distance from human collector inside a tent. In both trials, mosquito collation was done inside tents baited by cattle and human using human landing catches (HLC) techniques. Four human volunteers’ were recruited and trained to collect mosquitoes in the four tents from 18:00-24:00 for three months. Two tents were selected randomly for human alone and two for cattle baited collections in the first night and then rotated to minimize the variation due to location of tents and collectors skill. The tent trial was done close to the shore of the Lake Abaya to minimize the interference of other animals on mosquito movement. The peak biting hour of malaria vectors was assessed within a Chano village from 18:00-6:00. Mosquito collation was done both indoor and outdoor by HLC. Morphological speciation of Anopheles mosquitoes was done. The sporozoite infectivity status of Anopheles pharoensis was examined using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay technique. The data was analyzed using a Generalized Estimating Equations with a negative binomial distribution. Results An. pharoensis, An. gambiae complex and An. tenebrosus were the three species documented during the trial. Keeping cattle together with human collector inside the tent attracted 42% ( P < 0.001) more An. pharoensis compared to human alone tent. Also, keeping cattle outside near to a tent with human at 1 m distance, attracted the entering An. pharoensis into the tent inside with human by 46% ( P = 0.002) than human in a tent with no cattle outside the same tent. The impact was not significant for An. gambiae complex and An. tenebrosus. Anopheles pharoensis and An. gambiae complex showed early night biting activity with peak biting from 19.00-20:00 which was significant for both An. gambiae complex ( P < 0.001) and An. pharoensis ( P = 0.015). Anopheles gambiae complex was mainly biting humans outdoor in the village. Conclusions Finally, keeping cattle within and close to human dwellings could increase malaria vectors bite exposure particularly to the zoophilic malaria vector An. pharoensis and, hence deployment of cattle far from human residence could be recommended to reduce the human exposure. The outdoor and early hours biting behavior of the An. gambiae complex could be a threat for success of current indoor based interventions and hence, tools could be designed to reduce this threat.
Cerebral Stroke Lesion Location and the Risk of Post-Stroke Pain A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yuan Sheng , Wang Jiaxin , Yu Jia , Wang Xiaojiao , Li Qiang , Zhang Yufen , Ma Sehui , Yi Yao , Yu Hongyan , Yu Dian , Lv Fei , Li Shaojun , Feng Dan , Pei Lei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Post-stroke pain (PSP) is generally a severe complication in stroke rehabilitation. It is always associated with allodynia and hyperalgesia to nociceptive stimuli. Previous studies believed that PSP was related with tissue injury at certain brain territory, possibly thalamic lesion. However, there is very little evidence that the risk of PSP has a salient association with the side of lesion location (left or right hemisphere). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the occurrence of PSP and the lesion location of stroke.Methods We selected relevant literatures by searching EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and systematically reviewed available publications according to predetermined inclusion criterion. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the subtype of PSP. The pooled risk estimates were calculated by using a randomized-effects model.Results A total of 19 studies involving 2038 patients suffered from cerebral stroke were included. Meta-analysis showed no significant relationship between brain lesion location and the risk of PSP (OR=0.95 95% CI 0.74–1.23). Subgroups analyses showed that the incidence of post-stroke shoulder pain (PSSP) or central post-stroke pain (CPSP) was also not associated with the side of brain lesion (PSSP: OR=0.91, 95% CI 0.57–1.46; CPSP: OR=0.99, 95% CI 0.70–1.40). The pooled result of prospective studies had similar result (RR=1.02, 95% CI 0.84-1.25). Evidence of publication bias has not been found using visual inspection of a funnel plot and Begg’s and Egger’s tests.Conclusions Our systematic meta-analysis suggests that the lesion location of stroke has no significant association with the incidence of post-stroke pain. Further studies are needed to detect the risk factors for PSP, which may contribute to the prevention, identification and management of PSP.
Health-Related Quality of Life Among Children With Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Malaysia
Authors: Shafie Asrul Akmal , Chhabra Irwinder Kaur , Yi Jacqueline Wong Hui , Mohammed Noor Syahireen , Ibrahim Hishamshah Mohd , Alias Hamidah 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The treatment of children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) in Malaysia has progressed since 2005. This study provides an updated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment for children with the disorder and the factors affecting the HRQoL.Methods A cross-sectional HRQoL survey of Malaysian children with TDT was conducted using the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Patients with non-transfusion dependent thalassemia and other haemoglobinopathies were excluded. Parent-proxy and self-reported HRQoL scores were obtained using a multi-stage convenient sampling. The relationship between HRQoL scores and demographic factors were tested using association, correlation and regression analysis.Results A total of 368 patients were recruited. The mean (SD) Total Summary Score (TSS) was 80.12(13.87) with increasing age and use of dual chelating agents being predictors for a lower score (R 2 = 0.057, F (4, 359) = 5.40, p = <0.001). The mean (SD) Physical Health Summary Score (PHSS) was 82.21 (16.82). Predictors of a higher PHSS score was being male, while increasing age and parent-proxy reports were predictors of a lower score (R 2 = 0.067, F (3,360) = 8.57, p = <0.001). The mean (SD) Psychosocial Health Summary Score (PCHS) was 79.39 (14.81), with the use of dual chelating agents being predictors for a lower score (R 2 = 0.041, F (1, 362) = 15.60, p = <0.001). The school functioning score had the lowest mean (SD) score of 69.52(20.92) in the psychosocial dimension.Conclusion The HRQoL of TDT children in Malaysia has improved over the last decade owing to the better access in treatment. However, further effort is needed to improve the school functioning dimension.
Chromatin run-on sequencing analysis finds that ECM remodeling plays an important role in canine hemangiosarcoma pathogenesis
Authors: Author) Chinatsu Mukai(New Corresponding , Choi Eunju , Sams Kelly L. , Zu Klampen Elena , Anguish Lynne , Marks Brooke A. , Rice Edward J. , Wang Zhong , Choate Lauren A. , Chou Shao-Pei , Kato Yukinari , Miller Andrew , Danko Charles G. , Author) Scott A. Coonrod(Former Corresponding 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Canine visceral hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a highly aggressive cancer of endothelial origin that closely resembles human visceral angiosarcoma, both clinically and histopathologically. Currently there is an unmet need for new diagnostics and therapies for both forms of this disease. The goal of this study was to utilize ChRO-seq and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify gene and protein expression signatures that may be important drivers of HSA progression. Methods Chromatin run-on sequencing (ChRO-seq) was performed on tissue isolated from 17 HSA samples and 4 normal splenic samples. Computational analysis was then used to identify differentially expressed genes and these factors were subjected to gene ontology analysis. Next, RT-PCR was performed on a subset of candidate genes to validate the ChRO-seq data. We then performed Masson’s trichrome, H&E, and IHC staining on these tissues to investigate the morphological features of HSA tumor tissue as well as the expression patterns of several proteins identified in our ChRO-seq analysis. Results ChRO-seq analysis revealed over a thousand differentially expressed genes in HSA tissue compared with normal splenic tissue (FDR <0.005). Interestingly the majority of genes overexpressed in HSA tumor tissue were associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. This observation correlated well with our histological analysis, which found that HSA tumors contain a rich and complex collagen network. Additionally, we characterized the protein expression patterns of two highly overexpressed molecules identified in ChRO-seq analysis, podoplanin (PDPN) and laminin alpha 4 (LAMA4). We found that the expression of these two ECM-associated factors appeared to be largely limited to transformed endothelial cells within the HSA lesions. Conclusion Outcomes from this study suggest that ECM remodeling has an important role in HSA progression. Additionally, our study identified two potential novel biomarkers of HSA, PDPN and LAMA4. Interestingly, given that function-blocking anti-PDPN have shown anti-tumor effects in mouse models of canine melanoma, our studies raise the possibility that these types of therapeutic strategies could potentially be developed for treating canine HSA.
Medical infrared thermal imaging of syringomyelia in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Authors: Larkin Michael , Loughin Catherine , Marino Dominic , Dewey Curtis , Umbaugh Scott , Sackman Joseph 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Medical infrared thermal imaging (MITI) is a non-invasive imaging modality gaining popularity in the veterinary field. An infrared camera captures emission of heat and creates a color map in the form of a thermogram. Topical heat emission is influenced by localized disease processes as a result of autonomic nervous system imbalance. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of using thermography to identify changes in thermographic patterns associated with syringomyelia (SM) presence or absence in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with Chiari-like Malformation (CLM).Results In CKCS with CLM, MITI was most accurate at a texture distance of 6. Optimizing imaging feature sets produced a highest accuracy of 69.9% (95% CI: 59.5-79.0%), with 81.3% sensitivity and 57.8% specificity for identifying the presence of syringomyelia.Conclusion Thermographic image analysis is a successful non-invasive, diagnostic test that can be used to screen for syringomyelia presence in a CKCS with CLM.
A Five Year Trend Malaria Surveillance Data Analysis in Central, North and West Gondar Zones, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Lankir Damtie , Solomn Samrawit , Gize Addisu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Trend analysis of malaria surveillance data is essential to inform stakeholders on progress towards malaria control. From the total 387,096 cases of malaria reported in Amhara region in 2017 G.C, 167,079 (43.2%) cases were in Central, North and West Gondar zones. From this total figure of zones, 15,445 (9.2%) were ≤5 years which contributes 4 % of cases in the region. So, the purpose of this study was to analyze trends of malaria parasite and districts of Central, North and West Gondar zones, Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A Retrospective study was conducted in Central, North and West Gondar zones from July 1- 30/ 2018. Data were collected, entered, cleaned, analyzed and interpreted using Microsoft Excel-2010. Different tables, figures and maps were used to present results. Result: A total of 2,827,722 cases have been received a diagnostic test of; Microscopy 1,712,193(60.56%) and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) 1,115,529(39.44%). Trends of total patients treated as confirmed and clinical malaria cases in July 2017- June 2018 were decreased to 139297 (14%) as compared from July 2015- June 2016, 249571(25%). From total cases received diagnostic tests only 1,003,391 (36%) were confirmed and clinical cases treated with antimalaria. Of these Plasmodium falciparum and vivax malaria cases were confirmed to be 1,002,946 (99.96%) and clinical malaria cases were 445(0.04%), respectively. Conclusion: Risk of infection and diagnostic effort were high in West Gondar Zone. The Amhara public health institute including health Bureau, stakeholders and all responsible bodies should give special standing to highest malaria districts of West Gondar zone.
Cross-cultural analysis of medicinal plant use practice in four (Gurage, Mareqo, Qebena and Silti) ethnic communities in south central Ethiopia
Authors: Teka Alemtshay , Asfaw Zemede , Demissew Sebsebe , Damme Patrick Van 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Ethnic groups throughout the world have developed their own cultures expressed in the form of customs, taboos and traditional healthcare systems. Traditional medicine system is one of the widespread cultures known throughout the world which is very much tied to cultural practices of the community or ethnic group. Medicinal plant treasure found in Gurage and Silti Zones remained poorly characterized and understood. Therefore, this study was conducted in four ethnic groups (viz. Gurage, Qebena, Mareqo and Silti) which have lived in close proximity and contact for many centuries in the two Zones. In the present study unique and shared cultural elements in connection to traditional herbal medicine were examined through investigation of the diversity of medicinal plants. Moreover, attempts have been made to determine similarities among the society in the medicinal plants they have used in general and in medicinal plant species considered culturally most important.Methods: In a study that involved 320 randomly samples informants semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation were used and qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Descriptive statistics, rank order priority (ROP), Jaccard similarity coefficient and clustering were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 244 medicinal plant species and a fungal species used to treat human and/or livestock ailments were documented. The number of plants (80 plants, 33 %) with ROP value greater than 50% is considerably smaller than that of plants with ROP < 50% (164, 67 %). Jaccard similarity index and clustering analysis for all cited plants, among the respective studied districts, indicated that grouping generally followed the existing ethnic origin. On the contrary, clustering based on culturally important medicinal plant species (80 plant species, score ROP ≥ 50%) showed the influence of proximity and geographical orientation rather than ethnic relation. Conclusions: Culturally most important plants (80 spp.) are widely used and best shared with nearby communities and this could imply current (new) knowledge being practiced in the community. This knowledge must be documented and better utilized in a modern way including modernized use of traditional medicinal plants.
Type 1 Diabetes and Physical Exercise: Moving (forward) as an Adjuvant Therapy
Authors: Moser Othmar , Eckstein Max L. , West Daniel J. , Goswami Nandu , Sourij Harald , Hofmann Peter 
Published: January 2020

:
ype 1 diabetes is characterized by an autoimmune β-cell destruction resulting in endogenous insulin
deficiency, potentially leading to micro- and macrovascular complications. Besides an exogenous insulin therapy
and continuous glucose monitoring, physical exercise is recommended in adults with type 1 diabetes to improve
overall health. The close relationship between physical exercise, inflammation, muscle contraction, and macronutrient
intake has never been discussed in detail about type 1 diabetes. The aim of this narrative review was to
detail the role of physical exercise in improving clinical outcomes, physiological responses to exercise and different
nutrition and therapy strategies around exercise.

:
Physical exercise has several positive effects on glucose uptake and systemic inflammation in adults with type 1
diabetes. A new approach via personalized therapy adaptations must be applied to target beneficial effects on
complications as well as on body weight management. In combination with pre-defined macronutrient intake
around exercise, adults with type 1 diabetes can expect similar physiological responses to physical exercise, as
seen in their healthy counterparts.

:
This review highlights interesting findings from recent studies related to exercise and type 1 diabetes. However,
there is limited research available accompanied by a proper number of participants in the cohort of type 1 diabetes.
Especially for this group of patients, an increased understanding of the impact of physical exercise can improve
its effectiveness as an adjuvant therapy to move (forward).
Sulphonamide: Distribution, Toxicology, Environmental Characteristics, and Analysis - A Review
Authors: Pavithra Kirubanandam Grace , Jaikumar Vasudevan , Kumar Ponnusamy Senthil , Sundar Rajan Panneer Selvam 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Many antibiotics were widely used as medication based on their distinctive
features. Among them, sulphonamides were commonly and mainly used for bacterial treatment,
however, the recalcitrant nature makes them difficult to dispose of. Hence, their interaction with the
environment and analytic technique requires considerable attention globally.

Objective:
Therefore, this review aimed to provide detailed discussion about environmental as well as human health behaviour and analytic techniques corresponding to sulphonamides.

Methods:
Various results and discussion were extracted from technical journals and books published by different researchers from all over the world. The cited bibliographic references were intentionally investigated in order to extract relevant information related to proposed work.

Results:
In this review, the determination techniques such as UV-spectroscopy, Enthalpimetry, Immunosensor, Chromatography, Chemiluminescence, Photoinduced fluorometric determination, Capillary electrophoresis for sulphonamide determination were discussed in detail. Among them, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-spectroscopy was effective and extensively used for screening sulphonamide.

Conclusion:
Knowing the quantification and behaviour of sulphonamide in aqueous solution is mandatory to opt the suitable wastewater treatment required. Hence, choosing appropriate high precision and feasible screening techniques is necessary, which can be attained with this review.
Anti-Inflammatory and Gastroprotective Properties of Aspirin - Entrapped Solid Lipid Microparticles
Authors: Chime Salome A. , Akpa Paul A. , Ugwuanyi Cosmas C. , Attama Anthony A. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is very effective in the
treatment of inflammation and other health conditions, however, it causes gastric irritation. Recently,
researchers have developed patents (US9757529, 2019) of inhalable aspirin for rapid absorption and
circumvention of gastric irritation.

Objective:
The aim of this work was to formulate aspirin-loaded lipid based formulation in order to
enhance oral bioavailability and inhibit gastric irritation.

Methods:
This solid lipid microparticles loaded with aspirin (SLM) was formulated by a modified cold
homogenization-solvent evaporation method. In vitro studies such as in vitro drug release, particle size,
Encapsulation Efficiency (EE), micromeritic properties and loading capacity were carried out. Pharmacodynamics
studies such as anti-inflammatory and ulcerative properties of the SLM were also carried
out in Wistar rats.

Results:
The results showed that aspirin entrapped SLM exhibited the highest EE of 72% and particle
size range of 7.60 + 0.141µm to 20.25 + 0.070µm. Formulations had about 55% drug release at 6h in
simulated intestinal fluid pH 6.8. The formulations had good flowability that could facilitate filling into
hard gelatin capsule shells. The SLM exhibited 100% gastroprotection against aspirin-induced ulcers (p
< 0.05). The percentage of anti-inflammatory activities also showed that aspirin-entrapped SLM had
78% oedema inhibition at 7h, while the reference had 68% inhibition at 7h.

Conclusion:
Aspirin-entrapped SLM showed good sustained-release properties, enhanced antiinflammatory
properties and total gastric protection from aspirin-induced ulcers and could be used as
once-daily oral aspirin.
The Polymorphism at the microRNA-155 Binding Site in the AGTR1 Gene is not Significantly Associated with Rheumatic Heart Disease in Saudi Arabia Population
Authors: Carlus S. Justin , Carlus Fiona Hannah , Al-Harbi Mazen Khalid , Al-Mazroea Abdulhadi H. , Al-Harbi Khalid M. , Abdallah Atiyeh M. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) remains a major cause of cardiovascular
diseases and the most devastating effects are shown on children and young adults. RHD is caused
due to the interaction between microbial, environmental, immunologic, and genetic factors. The Renin-
Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) has been strongly implicated as the susceptibility pathway
in the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease.

Objective:
The present study investigated the modulating effect of Angiotensin II type 1 receptor
(AGTR1) 1166A>C polymorphism on the RHD and its clinical features in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
AGTR1 1166A>C polymorphism was genotyped in 96 echocardiographically confirmed
RHD patients and 142 ethnically matched controls by the TaqMan allelic discrimination method.

Results:
Genotype distribution of the AGTR1 1166A>C polymorphism was not significantly different
between RHD and control groups. Furthermore, AGTR1 1166A>C genotypes are not associated
with the clinical features of RHD. These data support that there was no evidence for an association
between AGTR1 1166A>C polymorphism and RHD in Saudi Arabia.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has investigated the possible association
between AGTR1 1166A>C polymorphism and susceptibility to RHD and its clinical features.
Even though the AGTR1 gene, 1166A>C (rs5186), was reported to be associated with hypertension,
left ventricular hypertrophy and coronary heart disease. The present study did not find any
association between AGTR1 1166A>C polymorphism and RHD in Saudi Arabia. Further studies are
needed to confirm our findings.