bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Clinical comparison of bond failure rate between two types of mandibular canine-canine bonded orthodontic retainers- a randomized clinical trial”
Authors: Nagani Nasreen Iqbal , Ahmed Imtiaz , Tanveer Faiqa , Khursheed Hafiza Marium , Farooqui Waqas Ahmed 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Bonded retainers are widely used as they are esthetically pleasing, easily acceptable, provide greater stability, compliance free and causes no soft tissue irritation and speech problems. Though, fracture and bond failure are their shortcomings. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the number of bond failures and type of failure pattern between two types of mandibular canine-canine bonded retainers.

Methods
Total 60 subjects were recruited initially and were assessed for eligibility, out of which 6 were excluded and 2 were lost to follow up. They were randomly divided into two groups. Fiber reinforced composite (FRC) retainers were inserted in group 1 subjects while group 2 subjects received multistranded stainless steel (MSW) retainers. The subjects were recalled after every 3 months over a period of 1 year. Bond failure rate and failure pattern based on adhesive remnant index were evaluated at each visit. The bond failure rate and failure pattern were compared between the two retainers by using Chi-square test.

Results
The bond failure rates were 42.94% for FRC retainer and 31.41% for MSW retainer. Hence, total number of bond failures in both retainers were 37.17%. The difference of bond failure between two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.012). Type “0” failure pattern was detected commonly with both types of retainers (p <  0.001).

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that multistranded stainless steel wire retainer is a superior option to be used for fixed lingual retention in mandibular arch as it exhibited lower bond failure as compared to fiber reinforced composite retainer. Adhesive failure is the most common type of bond failure observed with both types of fixed retainers.

Trial registration
ID NCT03881813 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/); March 19, 2019, retrospective registration.
Efficacy and efficiency of indoor nighttime human external cargo mission simulation in a high-fidelity training Centre
Authors: Pietsch Urs , Lischke Volker , Sollid Stephen J. M. , Prückner Stephan , Theiler Lorenz , Greif Robert , Albrecht Roland 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The human external cargo (HEC) operations conducted by Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) rarely take place at night, making it difficult for crew members to attain and maintain the level of expertise needed to perform winch operations in the dark. As EASA requirements for training cannot currently be met, we evaluated whether simulation training could be an option.

Methods
This paper reports on a training concept using indoor simulation for the training of nighttime HEC operations. Participants’ experience and perceptions were evaluated with a survey and the procedural and economic advantages of the simulation approach were compared with those of the usual outdoor HEC training.

Results
Most participants had limited exposure to real-life nighttime HEC missions before undergoing the simulation-based training. The frequency of training cycles in simulation was much higher compared to conventional training (60 cycles indoors vs. 20 outdoors for HEMS-TC, 20 cycles indoors vs. 4 outdoors for MCM). Trainees perceived that their technical and non-technical skills (NTS) improved with the training. The estimated costs of standard outdoor-based nighttime HEC training (138€ per cycle) are at least 6.5 times higher than the costs of indoor simulated training (approximately 21€ per cycle). With a change to simulation, carbon dioxide emissions could potentially be reduced by more than 35 tons.

Conclusions
Indoor simulation training of night HEC operations has advantages with regard to cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and self-reported improvements in skills and knowledge. Its use is feasible and could improve crew and patient safety and fulfill regulatory demands for training intensity.
Reluctance to seek pediatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic and the risks of delayed diagnosis
Authors: Ciacchini Benedetta , Tonioli Francesco , Marciano Cinzia , Faticato Maria Grazia , Borali Elena , Pini Prato Alessio , Felici Enrico 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSince the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cases registered worldwide has risen to over 3 million. While COVID-19 per se does not seem to represent a significant threat to the pediatric population, which generally presents a benign course and a low lethality, the current emergency might negatively affect the care of pediatric patients and overall children welfare. In particular, the fear of contracting COVID-19 may determine a delayed access to pediatric emergency facilities. Present report focuses on the experience of The Children Hospital in Alessandria (northern Italy). The authors document a drop in the number of admissions to the emergency department (A&E) during the lock-down. They will also focus on four emblematic cases of pediatric patients who were seen to our A&E in severe conditions. All these cases share a significant diagnostic delay caused by the parents’ reluctance to seek medical attention, seen as a potential risk factor for COVID-19 contagion. None was found positive to all COVID-19 swab or immunologic testing. All in all, our data strongly support the importance of promoting a direct and timely interaction between patients and medical staff, to prevent the fear of COVID-19 from causing more harm than the virus itself.
Bioassay and molecular monitoring of insecticide resistance status in Aedes albopictus populations from Greece, to support evidence-based vector control
Authors: Balaska Sofia , Fotakis Emmanouil A. , Kioulos Ilias , Grigoraki Linda , Mpellou Spyridoula , Chaskopoulou Alexandra , Vontas John 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAedes albopictushas a well-established presence in southern European countries, associated with recent disease outbreaks (e.g. chikungunya). Development of insecticide resistance in the vector is a major concern as its control mainly relies on the use of biocides. Data on the species’ resistance status are essential for efficient and sustainable control. To date the insecticide resistance status ofAe. albopictuspopulations from Greece against major insecticides used in vector control remains largely unknown.MethodsWe investigated the insecticide resistance status of 19Ae. albopictuspopulations from 11 regions of Greece. Bioassays were performed against diflubenzuron (DFB),Bacillus thuringiensisvar.israelensis(Bti), deltamethrin and malathion. Known insecticide resistance loci were molecularly analysed, i.e. voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance; presence and frequency of carboxylesterases 3 (CCEae3a) and 6 (CCEae6a) gene amplification associated with organophosphate (OP) resistance and; chitin synthase-1 (CHS-1) for the possible presence of DFB resistance mutations.ResultsBioassays showed full susceptibility to DFB,Btiand deltamethrin, but resistance against the OP malathion (range of mortality: 55.30–91.40%).VGSCanalysis revealed a widespread distribution of the mutations F1534C (in all populations, with allelic frequencies between 6.6–68.3%), and I1532T (in 6 populations; allelic frequencies below 22.70%), but absence of V1016G.CCEgene amplifications were recorded in 8 out of 11 populations (overall frequency: 33%). Co-presence of the F1534C mutation andCCEae3aamplification was reported in 39 of the 156 samples analysed by both assays. No mutations at theCHS-1I1043 locus were detected.ConclusionsThe results indicate: (i) the suitability of larvicides DFB andBtiforAe. albopictuscontrol in Greece; (ii) possible incipient pyrethroid resistance due to the presence ofkdrmutations; and (iii) possible reduced efficacy of OPs, in a scenario of re-introducing them for vector control. The study highlights the need for systematic resistance monitoring for developing and implementing appropriate evidence-based control programmes.
Phylogenetic analysis of the Tc1/mariner superfamily reveals the unexplored diversity of pogo-like elements
Authors: Dupeyron Mathilde , Baril Tobias , Bass Chris , Hayward Alexander 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Tc1/mariner transposons are widespread DNA transposable elements (TEs) that have made important contributions to the evolution of host genomic complexity in metazoans. However, the evolution and diversity of the Tc1/mariner superfamily remains poorly understood. Following recent developments in genome sequencing and the availability of a wealth of new genomes, Tc1/mariner TEs have been identified in many new taxa across the eukaryotic tree of life. To date, the majority of studies focussing on Tc1/mariner elements have considered only a single host lineage or just a small number of host lineages. Thus, much remains to be learnt about the evolution of Tc1/mariner TEs by performing analyses that consider elements that originate from across host diversity.

Results
We mined the non-redundant database of NCBI using BLASTp searches, with transposase sequences from a diverse set of reference Tc1/mariner elements as queries. A total of 5158 Tc1/mariner elements were retrieved and used to reconstruct evolutionary relationships within the superfamily. The resulting phylogeny is well resolved and includes several new groups of Tc1/mariner elements. In particular, we identify a new family of plant-genome restricted Tc1/mariner elements, which we call PlantMar. We also show that the pogo family is much larger and more diverse than previously appreciated, and we review evidence for a potential revision of its status to become a separate superfamily.

Conclusions
Our study provides an overview of Tc1-mariner phylogeny and summarises the impressive diversity of Tc1-mariner TEs among sequenced eukaryotes. Tc1/mariner TEs are successful in a wide range of eukaryotes, especially unikonts (the taxonomic supergroup containing Amoebozoa, Opisthokonta, Breviatea, and Apusomonadida). In particular, ecdysozoa, and especially arthropods, emerge as important hosts for Tc1/mariner elements (except the PlantMar family). Meanwhile, the pogo family, which is by far the largest Tc1/mariner family, also includes many elements from fungal and chordate genomes. Moreover, there is evidence of the repeated exaptation of pogo elements in vertebrates, including humans, in addition to the well-known example of CENP-B. Collectively, our findings provide a considerable advancement in understanding of Tc1/mariner elements, and more generally they suggest that much work remains to improve understanding of the diversity and evolution of DNA TEs.
The feasibility of implementing high-intensity interval training in cardiac rehabilitation settings: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Way Kimberley L. , Vidal-Almela Sol , Keast Marja-Leena , Hans Harleen , Pipe Andrew L. , Reed Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Notwithstanding the well-known benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), adherence to CR remains low, particularly in women. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has received specific attention as an emerging exercise-training paradigm that addresses frequently cited barriers to CR (i.e. lack of motivation/enjoyment and time, perceiving exercise regime as tiring/boring) and improves cardiovascular risk factors. Previous studies have examined the safety of HIIT in CR; there is little evidence on the feasibility of HIIT in CR. The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of HIIT within a CR setting and examine the sex differences regarding the feasibility of such programming.

Methods
Patients attended an on-site HIIT CR program (10-min warm-up, 25 min of interspersed high-intensity [HI - 4 min at 85–95% HRpeak] and lower intensity [LO - 3 min at 60–70% HRpeak] intervals, 10-min cool-down) twice weekly for 10 weeks. Heart rate (HR) and the Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale (6–20 points) were recorded at each session. Feasibility was assessed by: [1] attendance and compliance: the number of sessions attended and the compliance to the prescribed HI and LO HR ranges; [2] the patient experience: patients’ perceived effort, program difficulty, if the program was challenging and satisfying; and, [3] safety. Descriptive statistics were used to report the means and their variations. Mann-Whitney U tests and Chi-square analyses were performed to examine sex-differences.

Results
A total of 151 patients (33% women, 57.5 ± 9.1 years) attended the HIIT program and completed 16 ± 5 classes with a low attrition rate (11.3%). Most patients met or exceeded the prescribed target HR for the HI (80%) and LO (84%) intervals, respectively. Patients reported a “somewhat hard” RPE for HI (14 ± 2 points) and “very light” for LO (10 ± 2 points) intervals. All patients were satisfied with the program and found it challenging. Most patients found HIIT to be difficult (7 ± 2 points, scale range 0–10 points), yet safe (97%). Three vasovagal episodes occurred and more women dropped-out of the program than men (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
HIIT is a feasible, safe and well-received exercise paradigm in a CR setting.
miR-132-3p priming enhances the effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes on ameliorating brain ischemic injury
Authors: Pan Qunwen , Kuang Xiaoli , Cai Shuyun , Wang Xiang , Du Donghui , Wang Jinju , Wang Yan , Chen Yanyu , Bihl Ji , Chen Yanfang , Zhao Bin , Ma Xiaotang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgrounds/aimsMesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXs) could exert protective effects on recipient cells by transferring the contained microRNAs (miRs), and miR-132-3p is one of angiogenic miRs. However, whether the combination of MSC-EXs and miR-132-3p has better effects in ischemic cerebrovascular disease remains unknown.MethodsMouse MSCs transfected with scrambler control or miR-132-3p mimics were used to generate MSC-EXs and miR-132-3p-overexpressed MSC-EXs (MSC-EXsmiR-132-3p). The effects of EXs on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-injured ECs in ROS generation, apoptosis, and barrier function were analyzed. The levels of RASA1, Ras, phosphorylations of PI3K, Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthesis (eNOS), and tight junction proteins (Claudin-5 and ZO-1) were measured. Ras and PI3K inhibitors were used for pathway analysis. In transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model, the effects of MSC-EXs on the cerebral vascular ROS production and apoptosis, cerebral vascular density (cMVD), Evans blue extravasation, brain water content, neurological deficit score (NDS), and infarct volume were determined.ResultsMSC-EXs could deliver their carried miR-132-3p into target ECs, which functionally downregulated the target protein RASA1, while upregulated the expression of Ras and the downstream PI3K phosphorylation. Compared to MSC-EXs, MSC-EXsmiR-132-3pwere more effective in decreasing ROS production, apoptosis, and tight junction disruption in H/R-injured ECs. These effects were associated with increased levels of phosphorylated Akt and eNOS, which could be abolished by PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) or Ras inhibitor (NSC 23766). In the tMCAO mouse model, the infusion of MSC-EXsmiR-132-3pwas more effective than MSC-EXs in reducing cerebral vascular ROS production, BBB dysfunction, and brain injury.ConclusionOur results suggest that miR-132-3p promotes the beneficial effects of MSC-EXs on brain ischemic injury through protecting cerebral EC functions.
The effect of multidrug exposure on neurological manifestations in carbamazepine intoxication: a nested case-control study
Authors: Hirsch Ayala , Wanounou Maor , Perlman Amichai , Hirsh-Raccah Bruria , Muszkat Mordechai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
In acute intoxication, carbamazepine concentration above 40 mcg/ml is associated with a risk of severe neurological consequences, including depressed consciousness, respiratory depression, cardiac conduction disorders, seizures, and death. Carbamazepine intoxication is often associated with the use of concomitant medications. However, the effect of exposure to other central-nervous-system (CNS) acting medications on the neurological manifestations of carbamazepine toxicity has not been evaluated.

Objective
To examine the effect of exposure to CNS-acting medications on the neurological effects of carbamazepine toxicity.

Methods
A retrospective nested case-control study of all patients > 18 years of age, with at least one test of carbamazepine levels > 18 mcg/ml recorded at the Hadassah Hospital Central Laboratory, between the years 2004–2016. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from the computerized medical records, and the characteristics of patients with and without severe neurological symptoms of carbamazepine intoxication were compared.

Results
Eighty patients were identified. In bivariate analyses, the odds of severe neurological symptoms was higher in patients with antidepressants use (odds ratio 8.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.8–41.2, p = 0.007), benzodiazepines use (8.6, 2.0–37.1, p = 0.004), and carbamazepine concentration above 30 mcg/ml (8.1, 1.9–33.3, p = 0.004).
Multivariate models demonstrated that antidepressants and benzodiazepines were associated with severe neurological manifestations during carbamazepine intoxication, independently of carbamazepine concentration over 30 mcg/ml.
ICU admission was associated in multivariate analysis with antidepressants (but not benzodiazepines) use, and with carbamazepine levels > 30 mcg/ml.

Conclusions
Among patients with carbamazepine intoxication, severe neurological symptoms are associated with exposure to benzodiazepines or antidepressants and with carbamazepine levels higher than 30 mcg/ml.
Ventricular apparent diffusion coefficient measurements in patients with neoplastic leptomeningeal disease
Authors: Debnam James M. , Said Ryan B. , Liu Heng-Hsiao , Sun Jia , Wang Jihong , Wei Wei , Suki Dima , Mayer Rory R. , Chi T. Linda , Ketonen Leena , Guha-Thakurta Nandita , Weinberg Jeffrey S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
To test the hypothesis that intraventricular ADC values can be used to determine the presence of neoplastic leptomeningeal disease (LMD).

Materials and methods
ADC values were measured at multiple sites in the ventricular system in 32 patients with cytologically-proven LMD and 40 control subjects. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the mean difference of ADCs between the LMD and control groups after adjusting for ventricle size and tumor type. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed and optimal ADC value cut-off point for predicting the presence of LMD. ADC was compared to T1 enhancement and FLAIR signal hyperintensity for determining the presence of LMD.

Results
After adjusting for ventricular volume and tumor type, the mid body of lateral ventricles showed no significant difference in ventricular volume and a significant difference in ADC values between the control and LMD groups (p > 0.05). In the mid-body of the right lateral ventricle the AUC was 0.69 (95% CI 0.57–0.81) with an optimal ADC cut off point of 3.22 × 10− 9 m2/s (sensitivity, specificity; 0.72, 0.68). In the mid-body of left lateral ventricle the AUC was 0.7 (95% CI 0.58–0.82) with an optimal cut-off point of 3.23 × 10− 9 m2/s (0.81, 0.62). Using an average value of HU measurements in the lateral ventricles the AUC was 0.73 (95% CI 0.61–0.84) with an optimal cut off point was 3.11 × 10− 9 m2/s (0.78, 0.65). Compared to the T1 post-contrast series, ADC was predictive of the presence of LMD in the mid-body of the left lateral ventricle (p = 0.036).

Conclusion
Complex interactions affect ADC measurements in patients with LMD. ADC values in the lateral ventricles may provide non-invasive clues to the presence of LMD.
Genetic diversity in Japanese populations of the Eurasian Collared Dove
Authors: Nagai Kazuya , Takahashi Yusuke , Tokita Ken-ichi , Anzai Tomomi , Uchida Kiyoshi , Nakayama Fumihito 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Eurasian Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) is a species distributed in the Eurasian continent and North Africa, and inhabiting mainly in Saitama Prefecture in Japan. Eurasian Collared Dove is one of the most prosperous invaders in the world, and Japanese Eurasian Collared Dove has also been introduced from overseas. The Japanese population has declined to one-hundredth over 30 years and is being protected. In this study, we analyzed its genetic diversity in order to understand the genetic differences between wild populations of Eurasian Collared Dove and those bred in zoos.

Methods
A sequence of about 1.9 kb mtDNA was determined for 20 wild Eurasian Collared Doves living in Saitama, Japan and 20 zoo-bred Eurasian Collared Doves, and population genetic analysis was performed.

Results
In the COI gene, 778 bp had the same sequence in all the 40 individuals examined, and no mutation sites could be confirmed. In the control region, two base substitution sites were confirmed in 1140 bp long sequence. Three haplotypes were detected in 20 individuals in wild, whereas all 20 zoo-bred individuals possessed the same haplotypes possessed in the wild population.

Conclusion
Haplotypes of zoo-bred individuals were also retained among the wild individuals, confirming that no genetic problems could occur if the zoo-bred individuals were released to the wild for the Japanese Eurasian Collared Dove propagation program.
Well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung: positron emission tomography features and diagnostic difficulties in frozen section analysis—a case report
Authors: Hakiri Shuhei , Fukui Takayuki , Tsubouchi Hideki , Sakakibara Ayako , Iwano Shingo , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi F. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma (WDFA) of the lung is a rare disease that resembles fetal lung tubules. Most of previous reports concerning WDFA have focused on histological features, while there are few reports describing radiological features. In addition, there are no reports evaluating the difficulty of intraoperative diagnosis of WDFA with frozen section. We report a case of WDFA and review the radiological features of WDFA including the findings of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and assess the difficulty of intraoperative diagnosis with frozen section.

Case presentation
A chest radiography performed in a 20-year-old female revealed a mass in the hilum of the right lung. Computed tomography revealed a well-defined mass measuring 3.5 × 3.0 cm in diameter in the right upper lobe, whereas PET showed a high accumulation of FDG. The most likely diagnosis was clinical T2aN0M0 stage 1B non-small cell lung cancer. A right S3 segmentectomy was performed via thoracotomy, and a benign tumor that was possibly an adenoma was intraoperatively diagnosed based on frozen section analysis. The mass was a solid tumor measuring 2.9 × 2.5 cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumor comprised abundant glands with single or double layers of nonciliated cells and bronchial structures resembling a fetal lung. Rounded morules of polygonal cells were frequently observed. Immunohistochemistry revealed that nuclei and cytoplasm of the tumor cell were positive for β-catenin. Finally, the postoperative pathological diagnosis was well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung, and completion right upper lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection were conducted 1 month after the initial segmentectomy. No residual tumor or lymph node metastasis was identified, and the final pathological stage was pT1cN0M0 stage 1A3. The patient did not wish to receive any adjuvant therapy. At the 1-year follow-up, no evidence of recurrence was noted.

Conclusions
Here, we report a rare case of well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung that was difficult to diagnose based on radiological evaluations including FDG-PET and intraoperative diagnosis using frozen section analysis.