bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Model Assumptions on the Dynamic Impedance Functions of Shallow Foundations
Authors: Lind Östlund Johan , Andersson Andreas , Ülker-Kaustell Mahir , Battini Jean-Marc 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe influence of model assumptions on the dynamic impedance functions of shallow foundations is investigated using finite elements in two studies. The first investigates the effects of model assumptions in different combinations including embedment of the foundation, variation of modulus with depth, and permanent load acting on the foundation. The second study is a parametric analysis investigating the effects of permanent load at varying soil depths and with different soil modulus coefficients. Shallow foundations in strata of frictional soil on top of bedrock are considered. Small-strain modulus and modulus reduction relationships are used in an iterative process to update the modulus due to the permanent load. The results show that model assumptions can have a large influence on impedance functions. The static stiffness coefficients differ, in some instances by more than 100%. The impedance functions, normalized with the static stiffness coefficients match each other well in the pre-resonance frequency range. However, in the frequency range above the fundamental frequency, the normalized impedance functions show a large variation. Further, the results show that the influence of the permanent load is largest in the case of shallow and stiff soil strata, both regarding normalized impedance functions as well as the static stiffness coefficient, which can be increased up to 67%. The change in fundamental frequency was however minimal.
WAS CAMILLUS RIGHT? ROMAN HISTORY AND NARRATOLOGICAL STRATEGY IN LIVY 5.49.2
Authors: Roth Ulrike 
Published: June 2020

This article deals with one particular aspect of Livy's narrative of the Gallic Sack of Rome, told in Book 5, and traditionally placed in 390b.c.—namely the issue over the validity of the ransom agreement struck by the Romans with the Gauls. The broader context is well known—and needs only brief reiteration here. When the Gauls march on Rome, the Romans give battle at the river Allia, leading to a resounding Gallic victory. Most of the Romans flee the battlefield and then the city, except for a small group of both old and young, male and female, who hold out on the Capitoline Hill. That hill is subsequently put under siege by the Gauls. Following several months of beleaguerment, both sides are depicted as severely worn out by hunger and fighting. It is important for present purposes to stress that, when the Gauls stood at the gates and besieged the city, one of Rome's greatest heroes, Marcus Furius Camillus, was noticeably absent. Camillus was in neighbouring Ardea, some fifty miles south of Rome, training an army of Roman soldiers to challenge the Gallic invaders after his recent recall from exile and appointment to the dictatorship. But before Camillus’ return to Rome, the besieged Romans surrendered and agreed a ransom with the Gauls in order to liberate their city. The continuation of the story as given in Livy is equally well known. Camillus arrives in the middle of the ransom exchange, asking for the exchange to be stopped. Unsurprisingly, the Gauls are not keen on following Camillus’ orders, and insist on the ransom. Consequently, Camillus challenges the agreement between Romans and Gauls on a constitutional basis; the agreement was reached with a lesser magistrate after Camillus’ appointment to the dictatorship (5.49.2):cum illi renitentes pactos dicerent sese, negat eam pactionem ratam esse quae postquam ipse dictator creatus esset iniussu suo ab inferioris iuris magistratu facta esset, denuntiatque Gallis ut se ad proelium expediant.When they, resisting, said that they had come to an agreement, he [Camillus] denied that an agreement was valid which, after he himself had been made dictator, had been concluded by a magistrate of lower status without his instructions, and he announced to the Gauls that they should prepare themselves for battle.The constitutional argument has often been repeated by modern scholars. Ogilvie comments that ‘(t)he dictatorship was held to put all other magistracies into suspension.’ Feldherr notes similarly that, ‘(o)nce Camillus has been appointed dictator, hisimperiumsupersedes that of the lesser magistrates who negotiated the surrender.’ And to explain why the Gauls nevertheless entered into negotiations in Camillus’ absence, Ross observes that ‘the Gauls, of course, could hardly have known either of Camillus’ appointment as dictator or of the fact that the dictatorship superseded all other magistracies.’
The fundamental Coase of development: property rights foundations of the effective state
Authors: Piano Ennio E. , Salter Alexander W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper identifiespolitical property rightsandjurisdictional rivalryas two important mechanisms that drive political and economic development. After developing a general framework to explain relative performance in the ‘market for governance’, we argue that Western Europe during the High Middle Ages presented initial conditions conducive to the development of effective states. We extend the framework by analyzing city-state governance in Renaissance Italy, as well as public finance practices in early modern Germany. We conclude by discussing the implications of our argument for the literature on state capacity and economic development. The takeaway is that well-aligned political property rights and competition in the provision of governance services can promote the protective and productive state while forestalling the predatory state.
Individual vs. Group Administration of Tablet-Based Working Memory	Tasks – Does Setting Matter?
Authors: Oesterlen Eva , Seitz-Stein Katja 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Working memory (WM) is a key determinant of academic success. Therefore, standardized assessment tools are needed. In the past, WM assessment has been time-consuming and costly, especially in children, as WM instruments could only be used in one-to-one settings. The development of automatized, self-reliant WM tasks such as the tablet-based application EI-MAG ( Oesterlen, Gade, & Seitz-Stein, 2016 ) allows for a more economic assessment of WM in groups. However, so far, only few studies have empirically validated the comparability of WM scores obtained in individual and group setting. To close this gap, N = 89 children between 7 and 10 years of age ( M = 8.8 years, SD = 0.6 years) were administered four WM tasks of EI-MAG individually as well as in groups. The analyses show that independent of WM task, there are no mean score differences between individual and group setting. It can be concluded that automatized WM assessment with EI-MAG leads to comparable results in individual and group setting.
A Rubik’s microfluidic cube
Authors: Lai Xiaochen , Shi Zhi , Pu Zhihua , Zhang Penghao , Zhang Xingguo , Yu Haixia , Li Dachao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA Rubik’s cube as a reconfigurable microfluidic system is presented in this work. Composed of physically interlocking microfluidic blocks, the microfluidic cube enables the on-site design and configuration of custom microfluidics by twisting the faces of the cube. The reconfiguration of the microfluidics could be done by solving an ordinary Rubik’s cube with the help of Rubik’s cube algorithms and computer programs. An O-ring-aided strategy is used to enable self-sealing and the automatic alignment of the microfluidic cube blocks. Owing to the interlocking mechanics of cube blocks, the proposed microfluidic cube exhibits good reconfigurability and robustness in versatile applications and proves to be a promising candidate for the rapid deployment of microfluidic systems in resource-limited settings.
A reusable PMMA/paper hybrid plug-and-play microfluidic device for an ultrasensitive immunoassay with a wide dynamic range
Authors: Sanjay Sharma T. , Li Meihan , Zhou Wan , Li Xiaochun , Li XiuJun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConventional colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a time-consuming laboratory assay that is not very sensitive and consumes a large amount of samples. Herein, the development of a reusable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/paper hybrid plug-and-play (PnP) device for high-sensitivity immunoassay by analyte enrichment and efficient passing-through washing has been reported. The PMMA device has multiple slots where a pre-patterned paper substrate can be inserted. The sample flows back-and-forth through a low-cost, 3D paper substrate within the PMMA channels, thereby enhancing the amount of analyte adsorbed and dramatically increasing the sensitivity while decreasing the assay time. After the enrichment assay, the paper substrate can simply be pulled out of the device, and the results can be qualitatively viewed with the naked eye or scanned through a simple desktop scanner for quantitative analysis. The paper substrate can be replaced with a new substrate so that the device can be reused. The limits of detection (LODs) of 200 pg/mL for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and 270 pg/mL for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were obtained. This IgG assay is at least 10 times more sensitive than commercial ELISA kits. In addition, the PnP ELISA exhibited a significant increase in the linear dynamic range from 3 orders of magnitude in a common paper-based device to a wide range of six orders of magnitude in the PnP hybrid device. This reusable PnP device has great potential for the low-cost yet high-sensitivity detection of infectious diseases, cancers, and other important biomolecules.
Low motional impedance distributed Lamé mode resonators for high frequency timing applications
Authors: Daruwalla Anosh , Wen Haoran , Liu Chang-Shun , Ayazi Farrokh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel high-Q silicon distributed Lamé mode resonator (DLR) for VHF timing reference applications. The DLR employs the nature of shear wave propagation to enable a cascade of small square Lamé modes in beam or frame configurations with increased transduction area. Combined with high efficiency nano-gap capacitive transduction, it enables low motional impedances while scaling the frequency to VHF range. The DLR designs are robust against common process variations and demonstrate high manufacturability across different silicon substrates and process specifications. Fabricated DLRs in beam and frame configurations demonstrate high performance scalability with high Q-factors ranging from 50 to 250 k, motional impedances <1 kΩ, and high-temperature frequency turnover points >90 °C in the VHF range, and are fabricated using a wafer-level-packaged HARPSS process. Packaged devices show excellent robustness against temperature cycling, device thinning, and aging effects, which makes them a great candidate for stable high frequency references in size-sensitive and power-sensitive 5 G and other IoT applications.
Dysfunction of ventral tegmental area GABA neurons causes mania-like behavior
Authors: Yu Xiao , Ba Wei , Zhao Guangchao , Ma Ying , Harding Edward C. , Yin Lu , Wang Dan , Li Huiming , Zhang Peng , Shi Youran , Yustos Raquel , Vyssotski Alexei L. , Dong Hailong , Franks Nicholas P. , Wisden William 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ventral tegmental area (VTA), an important source of dopamine, regulates goal- and reward-directed and social behaviors, wakefulness, and sleep. Hyperactivation of dopamine neurons generates behavioral pathologies. But any roles of non-dopamine VTA neurons in psychiatric illness have been little explored. Lesioning or chemogenetically inhibiting VTA GABAergic (VTAVgat) neurons generated persistent wakefulness with mania-like qualities: locomotor activity was increased; sensitivity to D-amphetamine was heightened; immobility times decreased on the tail suspension and forced swim tests; and sucrose preference increased. Furthermore, after sleep deprivation, mice with lesioned VTAVgat neurons did not catch up on lost sleep, even though they were starting from a sleep-deprived baseline, suggesting that sleep homeostasis was bypassed. The mania-like behaviors, including the sleep loss, were reversed by valproate, and re-emerged when treatment was stopped. Lithium salts and lamotrigine, however, had no effect. Low doses of diazepam partially reduced the hyperlocomotion and fully recovered the immobility time during tail suspension. The mania like-behaviors mostly depended on dopamine, because giving D1/D2/D3 receptor antagonists reduced these behaviors, but also partially on VTAVgat projections to the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Optically or chemogenetically inhibiting VTAVgat terminals in the LH elevated locomotion and decreased immobility time during the tail suspension and forced swimming tests. VTAVgat neurons help set an animal’s (and perhaps human’s) mental and physical activity levels. Inputs inhibiting VTAVgat neurons intensify wakefulness (increased activity, enhanced alertness and motivation), qualities useful for acute survival. In the extreme, however, decreased or failed inhibition from VTAVgat neurons produces mania-like qualities (hyperactivity, hedonia, decreased sleep).
Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy with proton therapy: reduced toxicity with comparable oncological outcomes vs photon chemo-radiotherapy
Authors: Baumann Brian C. , Hallahan Dennis E. , Michalski Jeff M. , Perez Carlos A. , Metz James M. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryConcurrent chemo-radiotherapy is a commonly employed curative treatment approach for locally advanced cancers but is associated with considerable morbidity. Chemo-radiotherapy using proton therapy may be able to reduce side effects of treatment and improve efficacy, but this remains an area of controversy and data are relatively limited. We comment on recently published studies and discuss future directions for proton therapy.
Examining treatment responses of diagnostic marrow in murine xenografts to predict relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Alruwetei Abdulmohsen M. , Bendak Katerina , Yadav Babasaheb D. , Carol Hernan , Evans Kathryn , Mayoh Chelsea , Sutton Rosemary , Marshall Glenn M. , Lock Richard B. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
While current chemotherapy has increased cure rates for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), the largest number of relapsing patients are still stratified as medium risk (MR) at diagnosis (50–60%). This highlights an opportunity to develop improved relapse-prediction models for MR patients. We hypothesised that bone marrow from MR patients who eventually relapsed would regrow faster in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model after induction chemotherapy than samples from patients in long-term remission.

Methods
Diagnostic bone marrow aspirates from 30 paediatric MR-ALL patients (19 who relapsed, 11 who experienced remission) were inoculated into immune-deficient (NSG) mice and subsequently treated with either control or an induction-type regimen of vincristine, dexamethasone, and L-asparaginase (VXL). Engraftment was monitored by enumeration of the proportion of human CD45+ cells (%huCD45+) in the murine peripheral blood, and events were defined a priori as the time to reach 1% huCD45+, 25% huCD45+ (TT25%) or clinical manifestations of leukaemia (TTL).

Results
The TT25% value significantly predicted MR patient relapse. Mutational profiles of PDXs matched their tumours of origin, with a clonal shift towards relapse observed in one set of VXL-treated PDXs.

Conclusions
In conclusion, establishing PDXs at diagnosis and subsequently applying chemotherapy has the potential to improve relapse prediction in paediatric MR-ALL.
Contrasting DCIS and invasive breast cancer by subtype suggests basal-like DCIS as distinct lesions
Authors: Bergholtz Helga , Lien Tonje G. , Swanson David M. , Frigessi Arnoldo ,   Oslo Breast Cancer Research Consortium (OSBREAC), Bathen Tone F. , Borgen Elin , Børresen-Dale Anne Lise , Engebråten Olav , Garred Øystein , Geisler Jürgen , Geitvik Gry Aarum , Hartmann-Johnsen Olaf Johan , Hofvind Solveig , Kristensen Vessela N. , Langerød Anita , Lingjærde Ole Christian , Mælandsmo Gunhild Mari , Naume Bjørn , Russnes Hege , Sauer Torill , Schlichting Ellen , Skjerven Helle Kristine , Daidone Maria Grazia , Tost Jörg , Wärnberg Fredrik , Sørlie Therese 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive type of breast cancer with highly variable potential of becoming invasive and affecting mortality. Currently, many patients with DCIS are overtreated due to the lack of specific biomarkers that distinguish low risk lesions from those with a higher risk of progression. In this study, we analyzed 57 pure DCIS and 313 invasive breast cancers (IBC) from different patients. Three levels of genomic data were obtained; gene expression, DNA methylation, and DNA copy number. We performed subtype stratified analyses and identified key differences between DCIS and IBC that suggest subtype specific progression. Prominent differences were found in tumors of the basal-like subtype: Basal-like DCIS were less proliferative and showed a higher degree of differentiation than basal-like IBC. Also, core basal tumors (characterized by high correlation to the basal-like centroid) were not identified amongst DCIS as opposed to IBC. At the copy number level, basal-like DCIS exhibited fewer copy number aberrations compared with basal-like IBC. An intriguing finding through analysis of the methylome was hypermethylation of multiple protocadherin genes in basal-like IBC compared with basal-like DCIS and normal tissue, possibly caused by long range epigenetic silencing. This points to silencing of cell adhesion-related genes specifically in IBC of the basal-like subtype. Our work confirms that subtype stratification is essential when studying progression from DCIS to IBC, and we provide evidence that basal-like DCIS show less aggressive characteristics and question the assumption that basal-like DCIS is a direct precursor of basal-like invasive breast cancer.
Multicellular 3D Neurovascular Unit Model for Assessing Hypoxia and Neuroinflammation Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction
Authors: Nzou Goodwell , Wicks Robert T. , VanOstrand Nicole R. , Mekky Gehad A. , Seale Stephanie A. , EL-Taibany Aya , Wicks Elizabeth E. , Nechtman Carl M. , Marrotte Eric J. , Makani Vishruti S. , Murphy Sean V. , Seeds M. C. , Jackson John D. , Atala Anthony J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic component of the brain-vascular interface that maintains brain homeostasis and regulates solute permeability into brain tissue. The expression of tight junction proteins between adjacent endothelial cells and the presence of efflux proteins prevents entry of foreign substances into the brain parenchyma. BBB dysfunction, however, is evident in many neurological disorders including ischemic stroke, trauma, and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, major contributors to BBB dysfunction are not well understood. Here, we employed a multicellular 3D neurovascular unit organoid containing human brain microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and neurons to model the effects of hypoxia and neuroinflammation on BBB function. Organoids were cultured in hypoxic chamber with 0.1% O2 for 24 hours. Organoids cultured under this hypoxic condition showed increased permeability, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and increased oxidative stress. The anti-inflammatory agents, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, demonstrated protection by reducing inflammatory cytokine levels in the organoids under hypoxic conditions. Through the assessment of a free radical scavenger and an anti-inflammatory endocannabinoid, we hereby report the utility of the model in drug development for drug candidates that may reduce the effects of ROS and inflammation under disease conditions. This 3D organoid model recapitulates characteristics of BBB dysfunction under hypoxic physiological conditions and when exposed to exogenous neuroinflammatory mediators and hence may have potential in disease modeling and therapeutic development.
Simultaneous label-free live imaging of cell nucleus and luminescent nanodiamonds
Authors: Gulka Michal , Salehi Hamideh , Varga Bela , Middendorp Elodie , Pall Orsolya , Raabova Helena , Cloitre Thierry , Cuisinier Frederic J. G. , Cigler Petr , Nesladek Milos , Gergely Csilla 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn recent years, fluorescent nanodiamond (fND) particles containing nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers gained recognition as an attractive probe for nanoscale cellular imaging and quantum sensing. For these applications, precise localization of fNDs inside of a living cell is essential. Here we propose such a method by simultaneous detection of the signal from the NV centers and the spectroscopic Raman signal from the cells to visualize the nucleus of living cells. However, we show that the commonly used Raman cell signal from the fingerprint region is not suitable for organelle imaging in this case. Therefore, we develop a method for nucleus visualization exploiting the region-specific shape of C-H stretching mode and further use k-means cluster analysis to chemically distinguish the vicinity of fNDs. Our technique enables, within a single scan, to detect fNDs, distinguish by chemical localization whether they have been internalized into cell and simultaneously visualize cell nucleus without any labeling or cell-fixation. We show for the first time spectral colocalization of unmodified high-pressure high-temperature fND probes with the cell nucleus. Our methodology can be, in principle, extended to any red- and near-infrared-luminescent cell-probes and is fully compatible with quantum sensing measurements in living cells.
Differential effects of high fat diet-induced obesity on oocyte mitochondrial functions in inbred and outbred mice
Authors: Marei Waleed F. A. , Smits Anouk , Mohey-Elsaeed Omnia , Pintelon Isabel , Ginneberge Daisy , Bols Peter E. J. , Moerloose Katrien , Leroy Jo L. M. R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMaternal obesity can cause reduced oocyte quality and subfertility. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role here, and most often inbred mouse models are used to study these pathways. We hypothesized that the mouse genetic background can influence the impact of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on oocyte quality. We compared the inbred C57BL/6 (B6) and the outbred Swiss strains after feeding a HFD for 13w. HFD-mice had increased body weight gain, hypercholesterolemia, and increased oocyte lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in both strains. LD distribution was strain-dependent. In Swiss mouse oocytes, HFD significantly increased mitochondrial inner membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species concentrations, mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities (by 46.4%), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swelling, and decreased mtDNA copy numbers compared with Swiss controls (P < 0.05). Surprisingly, B6-control oocytes exhibited signs of cellular stress compared to the Swiss controls (P < 0.05); upregulated gene expression of ER- and oxidative stress markers, high mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities (48.6%) and ER swelling. Consequently, the HFD impact on B6 oocyte quality was less obvious, with 9% higher mitochondrial abnormalities, and no additive effect on MMP and stress marks compared to B6 control (P > 0.1). Interestingly, mtDNA in B6-HFD oocytes was increased suggesting defective mitophagy. In conclusion, we show evidence that the genetic background or inbreeding can affect mitochondrial functions in oocytes and may influence the impact of HFD on oocyte quality. These results should create awareness when choosing and interpreting data obtained from different mouse models before extrapolating to human applications.