bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wave cancellation conditions for the double impact of finite duration in an arbitrary structure
Authors: Konyukhov Alexander 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResonance phenomena in impacting systems can be defined as an amplitude increasing during periodically applied impacts. The wave cancellation phenomenon is defined as application of certain conditions to cancel the wave fully. The double impact system is defined as the application of the first impact with a certain duration $$\tau $$τ and then the application of a counter impact in a certain time $$\tau _1$$τ1 such that the vibrations caused by the first impact are fully disappearing. In the current contribution this phenomenon is first studied for the simplest 1D bar vibration. The response function is introduced as a characteristic for such a phenomenon and, by studying its properties, it is possible to find both an impact duration time $$\tau $$τ and an application time $$\tau _1$$τ1 for the counter impact leading to the wave cancellation. The result is generalized for any arbitrary homogeneous linear non-dissipative mechanical structure described by a semi-elliptic operator Lu. The counter impact can be determined in the same way as in the opposite direction. This general result is numerically illustrated for various operators Lu possessing relatively simple analytical solutions: for a simply supported and a clamped Bernoulli beam, for a fixed membrane and for a Kirchhoff plate. Three potential applications are discussed at the end: a set of verification examples for further analysis of time integration numerical schemes with the energy conservation property; straightforward transfer of cancellation conditions for the double impact to any convenient numerical method in mechanics, e.g. finite element method, iso-geometric method etc.; application of the result in engineering design of impacting devices (hammering etc.) in order to prevent recoil.
Necrotizing periodontitis or medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in a patient receiving Bemcentinib—a case report
Authors: Bumm Caspar V. , Folwaczny Matthias , Wölfle Uta C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBemcentinib is a newly developed AXL inhibitor that is currently under investigation in phase II trails for the treatment of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Clinical and radiographic findings in this case were very similar to cases of MRONJ in patients receiving Sunitinib or other anti-angiogenetic substances, assuming that Bemcentinib may cause similar oral side effects. We present a male 81-year-old patient with a manifestation of alveolar bone necrosis at the central upper incisors following a 2-month regimen with the AXL-inhibitor Bemcentinib, administered for the treatment of secondary acute myeloblastic leukemia (sAML). Due to the duration of less than 8 weeks, the osteonecrosis was diagnosed as necrotizing periodontitis, but the intraoral clinical and radiographic findings were also compatible with the differential diagnosis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ, stage II). Following to discontinuation of Bemcentinib, the affected bone was surgically revised including the removal of a demarcated bone sequester under preventive antibiotic treatment (metronidazole 400 mg t.i.d.). We hypothesize that Bemcentinib might increase the susceptibility for osteonecrosis of the jaw, probably related to its antiangiogenic effects and the resulting modulation of host immune response. Based on the current observations, it can be assumed that oro-dental health might be significant also prior and during treatment with Bemcentinib for the prevention of MRONJ.
A regionally-adaptable ground-motion model for shallow crustal earthquakes in Europe
Authors: Kotha Sreeram Reddy , Weatherill Graeme , Bindi Dino , Cotton Fabrice 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo complement the new European Strong-Motion dataset and the ongoing efforts to update the seismic hazard and risk assessment of Europe and Mediterranean regions, we propose a new regionally adaptable ground-motion model (GMM). We present here the GMM capable of predicting the 5% dampedRotD50 ofPGA,PGV, and$$ SA\left( {T = 0.01 - 8\,{\text{s}}} \right) $$SAT=0.01-8sfrom shallow crustal earthquakes of$$ 3 \le M_{W} \le 7.4 $$3≤MW≤7.4occurring$$ 0 < R_{JB} \le 545\,{\text{km}} $$0<RJB≤545kmaway from sites with$$ 90 \le V_{s30} \le 3000\,{\text{m}}\,{\text{s}}^{ - 1} $$90≤Vs30≤3000ms-1or$$ 0.001 \le slope \le 1\,{\text{m}}\,{\text{m}}^{ - 1} $$0.001≤slope≤1mm-1. The extended applicability derived from thousands of new recordings, however, comes with an apparent increase in the aleatory variability (σ). Firstly, anticipating contaminations and peculiarities in the dataset, we employed robust mixed-effect regressions to down weigh only, and not eliminate entirely, the influence of outliers on the GMM median andσ. Secondly, we regionalised the attenuating path and localised the earthquake sources using the most recent models, to quantify region-specific anelastic attenuation and locality-specific earthquake characteristics as random-effects, respectively. Thirdly, using the mixed-effect variance–covariance structure, the GMM can be adapted to new regions, localities, and sites with specific datasets. Consequently, theσis curtailed to a 7% increase atT < 0.3 s, and a substantial 15% decrease atT ≥ 0.3 s, compared to the RESORCE based partially non-ergodic GMM. We provide the 46 attenuating region-, 56 earthquake localities-, and 1829 site-specific adjustments, demonstrate their usage, and present their robustness through a 10-fold cross-validation exercise.
Linear two-pool models are insufficient to infer soil organic matter decomposition temperature sensitivity from incubations
Authors: Tang Jinyun , Riley William J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTerrestrial carbon (C)-climate feedbacks depend strongly on how soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition responds to temperature. This dependency is often represented in land models by the parameter Q10, which quantifies the relative increase of microbial soil respiration per 10 °C temperature increase. Many studies have conducted paired laboratory soil incubations and inferred “active” and “slow” pool Q10 values by fitting linear two-pool models to measured respiration time series. Using a recently published incubation study (Qin et al. in Sci Adv 5(7):eaau1218, 2019) as an example, here we first show that the very high parametric equifinality of the linear two-pool models may render such incubation-based Q10 estimates unreliable. In particular, we show that, accompanied by the uncertain initial active pool size, the slow pool Q10 can span a very wide range, including values as high as 100, although all parameter combinations are producing almost equally good model fit with respect to the observations. This result is robust whether or not interactions between the active and slow pools are considered (typically these interactions are not considered when interpreting incubation data, but are part of the predictive soil carbon models). This very large parametric equifinality in the context of interpreting incubation data is consistent with the poor temporal extrapolation capability of linear multi-pool models identified in recent studies. Next, using a microbe-explicit SOM model (RESOM), we show that the inferred two pools and their associated parameters (e.g., Q10) could be artificial constructs and are therefore unreliable concepts for integration into predictive models. We finally discuss uncertainties in applying linear two-pool (or more generally multiple-pool) models to estimate SOM decomposition parameters such as temperature sensitivities from laboratory incubations. We also propose new observations and model structures that could enable better process understanding and more robust predictive capabilities of soil carbon dynamics.
Projected changes to wind loads coinciding with rainfall for building design in Canada based on an ensemble of Canadian regional climate model simulations
Authors: Jeong Dae Il , Cannon Alex J. , Morris Robert J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStrong wind coinciding with rainfall is an important weather phenomenon in many science and engineering fields. This study investigates changes in hourly extreme driving rain wind pressure (DRWP)—a climatic variable used in building design in Canada—for future periods of specified global mean temperature change using an ensemble of a Canadian regional climate model (CanRCM4) driven by the Canadian Earth system model (CanESM2) under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. Evaluation of the model shows that the CanRCM4 ensemble reproduces hourly extreme wind speeds and rainfall (> 1.8 mm/h) occurrence frequency and the associated design (5-year return level) DRWP across Canada well when compared with 130 meteorological stations. Significant increases in future design DRWP are projected over western, eastern, and northern Canada, with the areal extent and relative magnitude of the increases scaling approximately linearly with the amount of global warming. Increases in future rainfall occurrence frequency are driven by the combined effect of increases in precipitation amount and changes in precipitation type from solid to liquid due to increases in air temperature; these are identified as the main factors leading to increases in future design DRWP. Future risk ratios of the design DRWP are highly dependent on those of the rainfall occurrence, which shows large increases over the three regions, while they are partly affected by the increases in future extreme wind speeds over western and northeastern Canada. Increases in DRWP can be an emerging risk for existing buildings, particularly in western, eastern, and northern Canada, and a consideration for managing and designing buildings across Canada.
The Variability of Critical Mass Loss Rate at Auto-Extinction
Authors: Arnórsson Snorri Már , Hadden Rory M. , Law Angus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe conditions under which auto-extinction of timber can occur are of particular importance for mass timber structures where elements of structural timber are exposed, or become exposed, during a fire. Using experiments on 95 mm cubes of timber, the sensitivity of auto-extinction to sample orientation, and an imposed flow across the surface of the sample was investigated. It was found that the variation in burning rate between the vertical and horizontal orientation was 8% but that, for samples in a vertical orientation, auto-extinction occurred at a higher value of mass loss. It was found that while the critical mass loss rate for extinction was relatively consistent in a given orientation (coefficient of variation, 16%), the variability in the time to extinction, and thus the total mass of timber consumed, was significant (coefficient of variation, 40%). Critical mass loss for extinction was linked to the square of the flow velocity at the surface of the sample.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring as a Matter of Justice
Authors: Kraaijeveld Steven R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic illness that requires intensive lifelong management of blood glucose concentrations by means of external insulin administration. There have been substantial developments in the ways of measuring glucose levels, which is crucial to T1D self-management. Recently, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has allowed people with T1D to keep track of their blood glucose levels in near real-time. These devices have alarms that warn users about potentially dangerous blood glucose trends, which can often be shared with ther people. CGM is consistently associated with improved glycemic control and reduced hypoglycemia and is currently recommended by doctors. However, due to the costs of CGM, only those who qualify for hospital provision or those who can personally afford it are able to use it, which excludes many people. In this paper, I argue that unequal access to CGM results in: (1) unjust health inequalities, (2) relational injustice, (3) injustice with regard to agency and autonomy, and (4) epistemic injustice. These considerations provide prima facie moral reasons why all people with T1D should have access to CGM technology. I discuss the specific case of CGM policy in the Netherlands, which currently only provides coverage for a small group of people with T1D, and argue that, especially with additional considerations of cost-effectiveness, the Dutch government ought to include CGM in basic health care insurance for all people with T1D.
Apoptosis triggers the release of microRNA miR-294 in spent culture media of blastocysts
Authors: Makri Dimitra , Efstathiou Panagiota , Michailidou Eftychia , Maalouf Walid E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To study whether members of the miR-290-295 cluster in spent culture medium (SCM) of embryos are correlated with morphokinetics and apoptosis.

Methods
Cryopreserved 1-cell stage mouse embryos were cultured to the blastocyst stage, development was monitored by time-lapse, 59 SCM were collected, and miR-291a and miR-294 were detected with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blastocysts were immuno-stained for sexing (H2AK119ub) and for apoptosis (TUNEL). Each embryo and SCM were individually processed. Correlations were run between the miRNAs and developmental events (t2, t3, t4, t5, t8, tSB, tB, ECC2, ECC3, s2, s3, dB) and apoptosis (apoptotic cells/total cell number %). MiR-294 SCM and cell levels were compared in 40 blastocysts. Apoptosis was induced in 15 blastocysts with UV radiation and SCM samples were analyzed for miR-294.

Results
MiR-291a and miR-294 are released in variable levels by mouse blastocysts. Their release is similar between male and female embryos. No significant correlations were found between these miRNAs and development. MiR-294 was significantly positively correlated with apoptosis (r = 0.560, p < 0.001). Cellular expression was lower in blastocysts that released miR-294 in high levels compared with null, low, and medium release embryos (p < 0.01). UV radiation caused apoptosis which triggered higher secretion of miR-294 in 15 blastocysts versus 13 control embryos (p < 0.01).

Conclusion(s)
MicroRNAs are important regulators of preimplantation development. Apoptosis triggers the release of miR-294 by blastocysts which possibly serves a secretory role for embryo-maternal communication. SCM miRNA analysis is possible for individually cultured embryos and future studies can investigate miRNAs as noninvasive markers of embryo quality.
Contact force sensing in ablation of ventricular arrhythmias using a 56-hole open-irrigation catheter: a propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Elbatran Ahmed I. , Li Anthony , Gallagher Mark M. , Kaba Riyaz , Norman Mark , Behr Elijah R. , Sohal Manav , Bajpai Abhay , Zuberi Zia , Saba Magdi M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The effect of adding contact force (CF) sensing to 56-hole tip irrigation in ventricular arrhythmia (VA) ablation has not been previously studied. We aimed to compare outcomes with and without CF sensing in VA ablation using a 56-hole radiofrequency (RF) catheter.

Methods
A total of 164 patients who underwent first-time VA ablation using Thermocool SmartTouch Surround Flow (TC-STSF) catheter (Biosense-Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA) were propensity-matched in a 1:1 fashion to 164 patients who had first-time ablation using Thermocool Surround Flow (TC-SF) catheter. Patients were matched for age, gender, cardiac aetiology, ejection fraction and approach. Acute success, complications and long-term follow-up were compared.

Results
There was no difference between procedures utilising either TC-SF or TC-STSF in acute success (TC-SF: 134/164 (82%), TC-STSF: 141/164 (86%), p = 0.3), complications (TC-SF: 11/164 (6.7%), TC-STSF: 11/164 (6.7%), p = 1.0) or VA-free survival (TC-SF: mean arrhythmia-free survival time = 5.9 years, 95% CI = 5.4–6.4, TC-STSF: mean = 3.2 years, 95% CI = 3–3.5, log-rank p = 0.74). Fluoroscopy time was longer in normal hearts with TC-SF (19 min, IQR: 14–30) than TC-STSF (14 min, IQR: 8–25; p = 0.04).

Conclusion
Both TC-SF and TC-STSF catheters are safe and effective in treating VAs. The use of CF sensing catheters did not improve safety or acute and long-term outcomes, but reduced fluoroscopy time in normal heart VA.
Do corruption and regulations matter for home country nascent international entrepreneurship?
Authors: Chowdhury Farzana , Audretsch David B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe examine the influence of corruption and regulatory environment on the home country entrepreneurship level. Using data from 54 countries from 2005 to 2011, we find that corruption does not have a consistent negative influence on home country nascent international entrepreneurship. With regards to regulations, administrative regulations have different influence than regulations that have financial implications. Tax related regulations do not have any significant influence in high corrupt countries. The results of our study also show that regulation and corruption interact uniquely with nascent internationals in the home country. The results of our study hold several robustness checks.
Quantification of Radiation Injury on Neutropenia and the Link between Absolute Neutrophil Count Time Course and Overall Survival in Nonhuman Primates Treated with G-CSF
Authors: Harrold John , Gisleskog Per Olsson , Delor Isabelle , Jacqmin Philippe , Perez-Ruixo Juan Jose , Narayanan Adimoolam , Doshi Sameer , Chow Andrew , Yang Bing-Bing , Melhem Murad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To model absolute neutrophil count (ANC) suppression in response to acute radiation (AR) exposure and evaluate ANC time course as a predictor of overall survival (OS) in response to AR exposure with or without treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in nonhuman primates.

Methods
Source data were obtained from two pivotal studies conducted in rhesus macaques exposed to 750 cGy of whole body irradiation on day 0 that received either placebo, daily filgrastim, or pegfilgrastim (days 1 and 8 after irradiation). Animals were observed for 60 days with ANC measured every 1 to 2 days. The population model of ANC response to AR and the link between observed ANC time course and OS consisted of three submodels characterizing injury due to radiation, granulopoiesis, and a time-to-event model of OS.

Results
The ANC response model accurately described the effects of AR exposure on the duration of neutropenia. ANC was a valid surrogate for survival because it explained 76% (95% CI, 41%–97%) and 73.2% (95% CI, 38.7%–99.9%) of the treatment effect for filgrastim and pegfilgrastim, respectively.

Conclusion
The current model linking radiation injury to neutropenia and ANC time course to OS can be used as a basis for translating these effects to humans.
Translation Approaches in Constitutional Hermeneutics
Authors: Lind Hans , Mulligan Christina , Douma Michael , Quinn Brian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article, we suggest an alternate approach to interpreting the US Constitution, using founding-era translations. We demonstrate how both symmetries and asymmetries in structure and vocabulary of the languages involved can help in deciding nowadays’ problems of constitutional interpretation. We select seven controversial passages of the US constitution to illustrate our approach: Art. I, § 8, cl. 3 (“to regulate commerce”); Art. II, § 1, cl. 5 (“natural born citizen”); Art. II, § 2, cl. 3 (“recess”); Art. I, § 6, cl. 1/Art. I, § 8, cl. 10/Art. IV, § 2 (“felony”); and Art. IV, § 2, cl. 1 (“privileges and immunities”). Since these passages have recently been debated by constitutional scholars, reassessing them using our method can establish the additional value of our approach to constitutional practice. We presume that our approach is not limited to interpreting the US constitution, but suggest that constitutional hermeneutics in general could profit from adding a translation approach to the toolkit.
Diketopiperazines from Batnamyces globulariicola, gen. & sp. nov. (Chaetomiaceae), a fungus associated with roots of the medicinal plant Globularia alypum in Algeria
Authors: Noumeur Sara R. , Teponno Rémy B. , Helaly Soleiman E. , Wang Xue-Wei , Harzallah Daoud , Houbraken Jos , Crous Pedro W. , Stadler Marc 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEight diketopiperazines including five previously unreported derivatives were isolated from an endophytic fungus cultured from the medicinal plant Globularia alypum collected in Algeria. The strain was characterised by means of morphological studies and molecular phylogenetic methods and was found to represent a species of a new genus in the Chaetomiaceae, for which we propose the name Batnamyces globulariicola. The taxonomic position of the new genus, which appears phylogenetically related to Stolonocarpus and Madurella, was evaluated by a multi-locus genealogy and by morphological studies in comparison to DNA sequence data reported in the recent monographs of the family. The culture remained sterile on several culture media despite repeated attempts to induce sporulation, and only some chlamydospores were formed. After fermentation in submerged culture and extraction of the cultures with organic solvents, the major secondary metabolites of B. globulariicola were isolated and their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectral analysis including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) measurements. The isolated compounds were tested for their biological activities against various bacteria, fungi, and two mammalian cell lines, but only three of them exhibited weak cytotoxicity against KB3.1 cells, but no antimicrobial effects were observed.
Gastrointestinal Peptides as Therapeutic Targets to Mitigate Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Alexiadou Kleopatra , Tan Tricia M-M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Obesity affects over than 600 million adults worldwide resulting in multi-organ complications and major socioeconomic impact. The purpose of this review is to summarise the physiological effects as well as the therapeutic implications of the gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), oxyntomodulin, peptide YY (PYY), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Recent Findings
Clinical trials have proven that the widely used GLP-1 analogues have pleotropic effects beyond those on weight and glucose metabolism and appear to confer favourable cardiovascular and renal outcomes. However, GLP-1 analogues alone do not deliver sufficient efficacy for the treatment of obesity, being limited by their dose-dependent gastrointestinal side effects. Novel dual agonists for GLP-1/glucagon and GLP-1/GIP are being developed by the pharmaceutical industry and have demonstrated some promising results for weight loss and improvement in glycaemia over and above GLP-1 analogues. Triagonists (for example GLP-1/GIP/glucagon) are currently in pre-clinical or early clinical development.

Summary
Gastrointestinal hormones possess complementary effects on appetite, energy expenditure, and glucose metabolism. We highlight the idea that combinations of these hormones may represent the way forward in obesity and diabetes therapeutics.