bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TP53 p.Arg337His geographic distribution correlates with adrenocortical tumor occurrence
Authors: Seidinger Ana L. , Caminha Isabel P. , Mastellaro Maria J. , Gabetta Carmen S. , Nowill Alexandre E. , Pinheiro Vitória R. P. , Yunes José A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe p.Arg337His mutation of the TP53 is the most frequent germline missense variant associated with cancer described so far in this gene. It is mainly found in the South and Southeastern regions of Brazil, where it has been associated with a high incidence of pediatric adrenocortical (ACT) and choroid plexus tumors. The frequency and geographic distribution of this mutation is largely unknown, except for the Parana State, where a mean prevalence of 0.27% was reported. In the present study, we developed a high‐throughput method for p.Arg337His genotyping, what allowed us to determine the frequency and geographic distribution of this mutation in a cohort from the most populous state in Brazil.MethodsConsecutive samples from 31,612 newborns from São Paulo State were screened for p.Arg337His. The allelic discrimination was done by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the presence of haplotype A3 in carriers was examined by using allele‐specific oligonucleotide PCR, followed by nested‐PCR to detect the SNP rs9894946.ResultsWe found 67 (0.21%) samples positive for this mutation. The highest p.Arg337His frequencies were found in the cities close to the boundary between São Paulo and Minas Gerais State. No association could be found between p.Arg337His and gender, ethnicity, premature birth or twinning. Remarkably, a trend was found between the geographic distribution of p.Arg337His carriers and occurrence of ACT.ConclusionWe presented for the first time the p.Arg337His frequency among individuals unselected for any disease from a subset of the São Paulo State, the most populous in Brazil. The allele discrimination assay we presented here has proven to be a reliable and efficient method for high‐throughput genotyping. ACT was found to be a good sentinel cancer to suppose p.Arg337His presence in our region.
Identification of TMCO2 as an acrosome‐associated protein during rat spermiogenesis
Authors: Kaneko Takane , Toh Saori , Mochida Izumi , Iwamori Naoki , Inai Tetsuichiro , Iida Hiroshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe isolated the transmembrane and coiled‐coil domains 2 (Tmco2) gene using a polymerase chain reaction‐based subtraction technique. Tmco2 is predominantly expressed in rat testes starting from 4 weeks of age. Rat TMCO2 consists of 187 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 20.6 kDa. When expressed in COS7 cells, TMCO2 was found as vesicle‐like structures in the cytoplasm, whereas TMCO2ΔTM lacking the transmembrane (TM) region was found diffused in the cytoplasm. These results suggest that the TM region in TMCO2 is essential for its specificity of localization. Immunocytochemical analyzes indicated that rat TMCO2 was localized as small semiluminate bodies or cap‐like structures in the vicinity of round spermatid nuclei and as curved lines associated with nuclei of elongated spermatids and caput epididymal spermatozoa. However, it was detected in only a small part of cauda epididymal spermatozoa. Double immunolabeling of the spermatids and spermatozoa with the anti‐TMCO2 antibody and the monoclonal anti‐MN7 antibody showed that TMCO2 was predominantly associated with the inner acrosomal membrane in spermatids and caput epididymal spermatozoa. Our findings suggest that TMCO2 might be involved in the process of acrosome biogenesis, especially binding of acrosome to a nucleus, during spermiogenesis.
Manganese‐based layered oxide cathodes for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Liu Huanqing , Deng Wentao , Gao Xu , Chen Jun , Yin Shouyi , Yang Li , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted enormous interests and considered to be an alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of the abundant natural resource and low‐cost of sodium. Layered transition metal oxides appear to be potential cathode candidates for SIBs due to their plentiful structural diversity, fast diffusion of Na ions and feasibility for commercialization. In particular, Mn‐based compounds have the advantages of low cost and high theoretical capacities. In this review, the recent progress of Mn‐based layered oxides as cathode materials for SIBs are reviewed and summarized. A deep understanding of the relationship of the structural transition and electrochemical performance in layered oxide cathodes is provided. Moreover, the existing drawbacks are discussed, and several strategies are proposed to help mitigate these issues. Future perspectives are discussed to pave the way for the commercialization of such systems.
Improvement in Protein Delivery for Critically Ill Patients Requiring High‐Dose Propofol Therapy and Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Buckley Christopher T. , Van Matre Edward T. , Fischer Peter E. , Minard Gayle , Dickerson Roland N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with traumatic brain (TBI) injury often require a high dosage of propofol, which can provide an excessive caloric intake. We evaluated our strategy of using liquid protein supplement boluses concurrently with high protein–containing enteral nutrition (EN) formulas and formula rate reduction to avoid caloric overfeeding and inadequate protein intake.MethodsAdult patients (aged >17 years) with TBI admitted to the trauma intensive care unit (TICU) who received concurrent propofol and EN were retrospectively reviewed. Caloric intakes from propofol and EN were obtained. Actual protein intake was compared with projected protein intakes from high protein content and standard protein content enteral formulas when given at an isocaloric intake.ResultsFifty‐one patients were enrolled. Average caloric intake from propofol was 356 ± 243 kcal/d or 5 ± 3 kcal/kg/d (range, <1–15 kcal/kg/d). Daily EN caloric intake ranged from 7 ± 4 kcal/kg/d (day 2) to 16 ± 9 kcal/kg/d (day 5; P < .001). Average protein intake ranged from 0.6 ± 0.4 g/kg/d (day 2) to 1.5 ± 0.7 g/kg/d (day 5; P < .001). The modified EN strategy resulted in daily delivery of 24%–38% more protein than an isocaloric regimen with a high protein–content formula and twice as much protein than the standard protein–content formula (P < .001).ConclusionThe strategy of providing an EN regimen comprised liquid protein boluses, and high and very high protein–containing EN formulas at a reduced rate improved protein delivery without caloric overfeeding.
Why oral palliative care takes a backseat? A national focus group study on experiences of palliative doctors, nurses and dentists
Authors: Venkatasalu Munikumar Ramasamy , Murang Zaidah Rizidah , Husaini Hajah Asmah binti Haji , Idris Deeni Rudita , Dhaliwal Jagjit Singh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimPoor oral care among frail older people at the end of life endangers quality of life. However, only few dying people have access to oral palliative care services. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate oral palliative care practices and referral patterns for palliative patients in the Brunei healthcare settings.DesignAn exploratory qualitative study.MethodsFive focus groups were conducted among palliative care nurses (N = 7), palliative medicine doctors (N = 4), dentists (N = 6), oncologists (N = 4) and oncology nurses (N = 4). Verbatim was analysed using qualitative thematic analysis.ResultsAnalyses revealed four distinct themes emerging as current oral palliative care assessment and referral practice in the Brunei healthcare settings: “taking a back seat,” “opportunistic oral care,” “they refused and refused” and “challenging healthcare resources and oral palliative care.”
Burning by numbers: A pilot study using quantitative petrography in the analysis of heat‐induced alteration in burned bone
Authors: Carroll Emily L. , Squires Kirsty E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the past, experimental research into the histomorphological examination of burned human bone has led to the creation of a criterion for assessing burning intensity, which can be used to infer firing conditions in both archaeological and forensic contexts. Current methods visually compare the microscopic alterations in burned bone with modern bone samples fired at known temperatures and durations. Despite the benefits of this approach, it is hindered by the use of qualitative analysis, which is subject to the expertise of the examiner. This paper reviews previous histomorphological studies of burned bone and presents a new protocol for producing burned bone thin sections. It also introduces quantitative petrography as an alternative statistical method for categorising burning intensity. Four categories of burning intensity were calculated based on the quantified heat‐induced changes identified in a pilot study examining burned porcine bone. These categories were consistent with those produced using more traditional qualitative methods, demonstrating that the results produced in this pilot study are reliable. An interobserver study showed the repeatability of this new method by both anthropologists and non‐anthropologists.
Development, implementation and early results of a 12‐week web‐based intervention targeting 51 children age 5–13 years and their families
Authors: Thorén Annelie , Janson Annika , Englund Erling , Silfverdal Sven‐Arne 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundInternet‐based treatments have proven effective for various health issues. There is a need to scale up interventions targeting children with obesity, also in less densely populated areas where the prevalence in many countries is higher than in urban areas. The aim of this study was to design and implement an internet‐based program as an add‐on to standard treatment for childhood obesity.MethodsWeb‐Childhood Obesity Prevention (Web‐COP) was a prospective feasibility study with a pre‐ post‐ design. The intervention consisted of four group‐based education sessions at the clinic, physical activity on prescription, and a new 12‐week internet‐based program. Web‐COP was offered to children with obesity (International Obesity Task Force Body Mass Index (IOTF‐BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) and their parents in two counties in Northern Sweden from August 2018 to June 2019. The primary outcome was change in BMI standard deviation score (BMI‐SDS).ResultsThe study included 55 children 5–13 years of age. The internet‐based component was well received, and retention rate was 51/55 (92.7%). Data was analysed for 51 children. Mean BMI‐SDS was 3.3 at start and decreased by 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 at two, four, and six months from baseline. Using a continuous algorithm, 42/51 (81%), children lowered their BMI‐SDS and 33/51 (65%) lowered their BMI.ConclusionAdding group sessions and an internet‐based program to standard care was feasible and two thirds of included children with obesity reduced their BMI.
Addressing global challenges with unconventional insect ecosystem services: Why should humanity care about insect larvae?
Authors: Morimoto Juliano 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Ecosystem services are essential for the health of current and future generations and key to the sustainable development of our societies. The role of insects in providing ecosystem services has been increasingly recognized, becoming the focus of several management and conservation initiatives world‐wide.

However, ecosystem services framework traditionally overlooks the full range of services that can be provided by insects, largely because services provided by life stages other than the insect adult are often neglected.

In this paper, I first review the traditional ecosystem services primarily attributed to insects, namely edible insects and mass‐rearing for biological control. Next, I provide a collection of unconventional ecosystem services provided by insect larvae which highlights the importance of considering life stage‐specific services in a holistic view of the ecosystem services framework.

In particular, I discuss recent advances that revealed how insect larvae can degrade plastic, which is one of humanity's greatest environmental pollutants, and how larvae can be used to produce biofuel to help overcome the increasing contribution of the fossil fuel industry to climate change. I then discuss how toxic compounds produced by the larvae of some insects provide potential new medicines for clinical treatment and lastly, I discuss a unique example of how the larval stage of insects is entrenched into the cultural values of Aboriginal communities in Australia.

In conclusion, by acknowledging life stage‐specific ecosystem services provided by insects, this paper raises awareness of unconventional services that can underpin innovative solutions to contemporary global challenges, which can ultimately help create more sustainable and culturally diverse societies.
The role of diffusion tensor imaging metrics in the discrimination between cerebellar medulloblastoma and brainstem glioma
Authors: Duc Nguyen Minh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiation between cerebellar medulloblastoma and brainstem glioma is necessary for certain clinical circumstances. We aimed to evaluate the function of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics in the differentiation between cerebellar medulloblastomas and brainstem gliomas in children.ProcedureThe institutional review board approved this prospective study. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including DTI, was assessed in 40 patients, who were divided into two groups: a medulloblastoma group (group 1, n = 25) and a brainstem glioma group (group 2, n = 15). The Mann‐Whitney U test was utilized to compare tumoral fractional anisotropy (FA) and diffusivity (MD) values and tumor‐to‐parenchyma ratios for these values (rFA and rMD, respectively) between the two groups. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the Youden index were exploited to calculate the cutoff value, along with the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity.ResultsThe FA value for medulloblastomas was significantly higher than that for brainstem gliomas (P < 0.05). In contrast, the MD and rMD values for medulloblastoma were significantly lower than those for brainstem gliomas (P < 0.05). A cutoff MD value of 0.97 was identified as the most effective factor for the differential diagnosis between medulloblastomas and brainstem gliomas, which reached a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 100%, and an AUC of 99.5%.ConclusionDTI metrics play a significant role in the differentiation between medulloblastoma and brainstem glioma in pediatric patients.
A single‐arm study of systemic and sub‐Tenon chemotherapy for Groups C and D intraocular retinoblastoma: A Children's Oncology Group study (ARET 0231)
Authors: Jubran Rima F. , Villablanca Judith G. , Krailo Mark , Piao Jin , Huang Li , Murphree A. Linn , O'Brien Joan , Gombos Dan , Shields Carol L. , Meadows Anna , Chintagumpala Murali 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundEyes with Group D intraocular retinoblastoma have low salvage rates. A pilot study showed safety and efficacy of sub‐Tenon's fascia carboplatin with systemic chemotherapy supporting further study.MethodsChildren with newly diagnosed bilateral intraocular retinoblastoma with at least one remaining Group C or D eye were treated with six courses of carboplatin/etoposide/vincristine (CEV) with sub‐Tenon's fascia carboplatin for Group C/D eyes during courses 2‐4. Local ophthalmic therapy started at course 3. The primary study objective was to determine the 1‐year failure rate of Group D eyes.ResultsThe study closed prematurely due to poor accrual and 22 of 30 patients were evaluable for failure rate, contributing 25 Group D and four Group C eyes. Among the 25 Group D eyes, there were 13 failures within the first year of study enrollment including eight needing external beam radiotherapy (EBR) and five needing enucleation, resulting in 1‐year failure rate of 52%. The failure rate was significantly lower than the historical rate of 70% (P = .039). The 1‐year eye preservation rate for Group D eyes was 80% (20/25). One‐year failure rate for Group C eyes was 25% (1/4); 1‐year preservation rate was 100% without need for EBR. Systemic toxicity included Grade 3 hearing loss in two subjects, infections, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Ocular toxicities included periorbital fat atrophy (13/29 = 45% eyes), optic nerve atrophy (1/29 = 3% eyes), and restrictive fibrosis (1/29 = 3% eyes).ConclusionsSub‐Tenon's fascia carboplatin plus CEV was partially effective in Group D intraocular retinoblastoma but had unacceptable ocular toxicities.
Feasibility of FitSurvivor: A technology‐enhanced group‐based fitness intervention for adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Devine Katie A. , Viola Adrienne , Levonyan‐Radloff Kristine , Mackowski Nicholas , Bozzini Brittany , Chandler Alexa , Xu Baichen , Ohman‐Strickland Pamela , Mayans Sherri , Farrar‐Anton Anne , Sahler Olle Jane Z. , Masterson Margaret , Manne Sharon , Arent Shawn 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the feasibility of a technology‐enhanced group‐based fitness intervention for adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of childhood cancer.ProcedureAYA survivors ages 13‐25 years were randomized to the intervention (eight in‐person group sessions with mobile app and FitBit followed by 4 weeks of app and FitBit only) or waitlist control. Assessments were at 0, 2, 3, 6, and 9 months. Feasibility was evaluated by enrollment, retention, attendance, app engagement, and satisfaction. Secondary outcomes included physical activity, muscular strength/endurance, cardiorespiratory fitness, health‐related quality of life, and fatigue.ResultsA total of 354 survivors were mailed participation letters; 68 (19%) were screened, of which 56 were eligible and 49 enrolled (88% of those screened eligible, 14% of total potentially eligible). Forty‐nine survivors (Mage = 18.5 years, 49% female) completed baseline assessments and were randomized (25 intervention, 24 waitlist). Thirty‐seven (76%) completed the postintervention assessment and 32 (65%) completed the final assessment. On average, participants attended 5.7 of eight sessions (range 1‐8). Overall intervention satisfaction was high (M = 4.3, SD = 0.58 on 1‐5 scale). Satisfaction with the companion app was moderately high (M = 3.4, SD = 0.97). The intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in lower body muscle strength compared to the waitlist postintervention, and small but not statistically significant changes in other secondary measures.ConclusionsA group‐based intervention with a mobile app and fitness tracker was acceptable but has limited reach due to geographical barriers and competing demands experienced by AYA survivors.
Synthesis of polyamide‐hydroxyapatite nanocomposites
Authors: Okumura Tomoyo , Sonobe Kenya , Ohashi Asami , Watanabe Harumi , Watanabe Katsushi , Oyamada Hiroshi , Aramaki Masaaki , Ougizawa Toshiaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSimultaneous one‐pot syntheses of PA66 and HAp were carried out by extracting H2O and CO2 from PA66 monomers and HAp raw materials, respectively, resulting in the formation of a polyamide (PA) 66‐hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocomposite. During the process, a spherical nano‐sized HAp particle was precipitated following dissolution of micro‐sized CaHPO4・2H2O. The PA66 monomers were subsequently adsorbed onto the generated HAp product. Some of the adsorbed PA66 monomers formed a bound polymer on HAp, and an increase in the adhesiveness of the PA66‐HAp interface was observed as the polymerization progressed. During this process, the synthesis of a nanocomposite from a micro‐sized raw material and creation of an autonomous strong interface between the matrix and filler was achieved. In addition, the shape of the resultant HAp was controllable and could be modified to needle shape by the addition of F− and Mg2+ ions to the raw material. HAp could also be changed to plate shape via octa‐calcium phosphate (OCP). Notably, during the synthesis, the filler shape of the nanocomposite could be controlled to 0D (particle), 1D (needle), and 2D (plate).
Exergaming for Quality of Life in Persons Living with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Cugusi Lucia , Prosperini Luca , Mura Gioia 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the evidence of effectiveness of exergame‐based rehabilitative interventions on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in persons with chronic diseases.TypeSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Literature surveyRandomized and nonrandomized controlled trials of exergame rehabilitation interventions in populations with chronic diseases reporting HRQoL outcomes were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar, using keywords and MeSH terms for papers published between January 2005 and March 2019.MethodologyRisk of bias was assessed by using the PEDro scale. The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to score the quality of evidence. Pooled effects were reported as standardized mean differences (SMDs) or weighted mean difference (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using a random‐effects model. Heterogeneity was weighted by inconsistency I2 tests.SynthesisThirty‐four trials were identified (1594 participants). Overall, the evidence was low quality. Exergames significantly improved HRQoL in populations with chronic diseases, with a small effect size (32 studies; 1544 participants; SMD 0.24; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.4; I2 = 27%) and specifically in people with neurological disorders (20 studies, 956 participants, SMD 0.22; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.4; I2 = 49%), rheumatologic diseases (four studies, 210 participants, SMD 0.39; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.7; I2 = 4%), and cardiorespiratory and chronic metabolic conditions (five studies, 309 participants, SMD 0.23; 95% CI 0.0 to 0.5; I2 = 0%). Exergaming interventions in health care settings demonstrated similarly small but positive effects (22 studies, 905 participants, SMD 0.30; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.5; I2 = 41%), whereas those carried out in home‐based contexts did not.ConclusionsExergame‐based rehabilitative interventions performed in health care settings led to small but statistically significant improvements in HRQoL in persons with chronic diseases.