bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ultrasound‐irradiation combined pretreatment on the foamability of liquid egg white
Authors: Yu Yali , Zhang Hui , Zhu Jing , Liu Jingbo , Zhang Ting 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aims to optimize the ultrasound‐irradiation combined pretreatment conditions to enhance the liquid egg white (LEW) foamability and investigate the changing mechanism about the physical and structural properties of LEW during the processing. Results indicated that the foamability of the LEW was increased by ultrasound‐irradiation combined pretreatment to the highest value of 92.6% (irradiation dose = 33 kGy, ultrasound time = 6 min, and ultrasound power = 300 W). Three significant proteins in LEW (ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, and lysozyme) were chosen to explore the change law on their physical and structural properties. Results indicated that ultrasound‐irradiation combined pretreatment increased the solubility and reduced the pH and particle size of ovalbumin and lysozyme, thus enhancing the foamability of LEW. Furthermore, the fluorescence spectra changes implied the un‐folding and destruction of ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, and lysozyme during the ultrasound‐irradiation combined pretreatment. Moreover, circular dichroism spectroscopy analysis revealed that the pretreatment decreased α‐helix and β‐sheet of the ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, and lysozyme, which bring out the improvement of LEW foamability. The present study indicated that ultrasound‐irradiation combined pretreatment had the potential to be implemented to enhance the foamability of LEW.
Optimizing extraction method of aroma compounds from grape pomace
Authors: Liang Zijian , Pai Ahalya , Liu Di , Luo Jiaqiang , Wu Jihong , Fang Zhongxiang , Zhang Pangzhen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGrape pomace is a major wine industry byproduct. Extraction of volatile compounds from grape pomace is rarely explored. A cost‐effective method was developed in this study for aroma compounds extraction from grape pomace with the potential for industrial application. Based on the solvent extraction procedure, experimental factors including pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis time, solvent concentration and distillation time were investigated to optimize the extraction process. Volatile compounds of the pomace extract were analyzed using headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas‐chromatography mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS) method. Results revealed that enzymatic hydrolysis was the optimal pretreatment method. A maximum extraction efficiency was achieved under 48 hr of enzymatic hydrolysis, 70% of ethanol concentration and 20 min of distillation. A total of 65 volatile compounds were identified in the extract, including 16 alcohols, 1 alkane, 1 aldehyde, 9 esters, 3 ketones, 4 phenols, 6 terpenes, and 1 furan, of which 15 volatiles were determined as odor‐active compounds. This study developed a feasible extraction technique to recycle the underutilized byproducts from wine industry to produce aroma/flavor food additives.Practical ApplicationThis study develops a cost‐effective method for aroma compounds extraction from grape pomace with the potential for industrial application as food additives.
The Local Spillover Effect of Corporate Accounting Misconduct: Evidence from City Crime Rates*
Authors: Holzman Eric R. , Miller Brian P. , Williams Brian M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThis study documents a spillover effect of accounting fraud by showing that after the revelation of accounting misconduct, there is an increase in financially motivated neighborhood crime (robberies, thefts, etc.) in the cities where these misconduct firms are located. We find that more visible accounting frauds (e.g., greater media attention and larger stock price declines) are more strongly associated with a future increase in financially motivated neighborhood crime. We also find that the association between fraud revelation and increased future financially motivated crime is strongest when local job markets are shallower and where local income inequality is high, consistent with adverse shocks from fraud putting pressure on local communities. Combined, our study provides evidence that the societal ramifications of corporate accounting misconduct extend beyond adversely impacting a firm's capital providers and industry peers to negatively influence the daily life of the residents in the firm's local community.
Deploying Narrative Economics to Understand Financial Market Dynamics: An Analysis of Activist Short Sellers' Rhetoric*
Authors: Paugam Luc , Stolowy Hervé , Gendron Yves 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTWe investigate how activist short sellers (AShSs) expose publicly listed firms in an increasingly popular form of “research reports” openly denouncing alleged frauds, flawed business models, accounting irregularities, and wrongdoings. We focus on six AShSs that issued research reports that often led to a strong negative market reaction. Our empirical analysis exploits both qualitative and quantitative methods for a comprehensive data set of 383 research reports targeting 171 unique firms, and 3 firsthand interviews with AShSs. Drawing on Aristotle's rhetoric, we first examine how AShSs use narratives in striving to convince other investors that the target firms are overvalued. Specifically, we search the documents produced by AShSs for stylized narratives related to credibility‐based (ethos), emotions‐based (pathos), and logic‐based (logos) rhetorical strategies. To assess the impact of these strategies, we examine the extent to which the AShSs' rhetorical strategies resonate in 3,665 press articles. As expected, the press often refers to logos‐based arguments. Interestingly, the press also frequently brings up pathos‐based and ethos‐based statements. Considering the importance of the press in shaping investors' opinions, our study points to AShSs' narratives playing a major role in policing financial markets. Theoretically, we show that AShSs, as dissenting market participants, produce narratives that go beyond the language of formal rationality—as they strive to reveal new information and frame it persuasively, in order to destabilize the extent of trustworthiness surrounding target firms.
COVID‐19 patients in intensive care develop predominantly oliguric acute kidney injury
Authors: Luther Tomas , Bülow‐Anderberg Sara , Larsson Anders , Rubertsson Sten , Lipcsey Miklos , Frithiof Robert , Hultström Michael 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome of reduced glomerular filtration rate and/or reduced urine flow associated with mortality in corona virus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). AKI is often associated with renal tissue damage, which may lead to chronic kidney disease. Biomarkers of tissue damage may identify patients of particular risk.MethodsIn a prospective observational study of 57 patients admitted to intensive care, AKI incidence and characteristics was evaluated according to KDIGO criteria and related to days after admission. Urinary albumin, Neutrophil Gelatinase‐Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM‐1) and Plasma Tissue Inhibitor of MetalloProteinase 2 (TIMP‐2) were analysed in 52 patients at admission.The majority (n = 51, 89%) of patients developed AKI, and 27 (47%) patients had predominantly oliguric AKI where oliguria was more severe than plasma Creatinine increase. Severe oliguria within first 2 days after admission was common (n = 37, 65%), whereas stage 2 and 3 AKI due to Creatinine occurred later than day 2 in 67% (12/18) of cases. Renal replacement therapy was started in 9 (16%) patients, and 30‐day mortality was 28%. Urinary biomarkers were increased in a majority of patients, but did not robustly predict KDIGO stage. Most patients had microalbuminuria, and severe albuminuria (albumin Creatinine ratio > 30 mg/mmol) was found in n = 9 (17%) patients.ConclusionsA majority of patients with COVID‐19 admitted to the ICU develop AKI. The functional deficit is often low urinary volume, and initial levels of biomarkers are generally increased without clear relation to final AKI stage.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Biomarkers of Alcohol Use in Patients With Liver Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Arnts Janique , Vanlerberghe Benedict T. K. , Roozen Sylvia , Crunelle Cleo L. , Masclee Ad A. M. , Olde‐Damink Steven W. M. , Heeren Ron M. A. , van Nuijs Alexander , Neels Hugo , Nevens Frederik , Verbeek Jef 
Published: November 2020

Background and AimsAlcohol‐related liver disease is the most frequent cause of cirrhosis and a major indication for liver transplantation. Several alcohol use biomarkers have been developed in recent years and are already in use in several centers. However, in patients with liver disease their diagnostic performance might be influenced by altered biomarker formation by hepatic damage, altered excretion by kidney dysfunction and diuretics use, and altered deposition in hair and nails. We systematically reviewed studies on the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers of alcohol use in patients with liver disease and performed a detailed study quality assessment.MethodsA structured search in PubMed/Medline/Embase databases was performed for relevant studies, published until April 28, 2019. The risk of bias and applicability concerns was assessed according to the adapted quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies‐2 (QUADAS‐2) checklist.ResultsTwelve out of 6,449 studies met inclusion criteria. Urinary ethyl glucuronide and urinary ethyl sulfate showed high sensitivity (70 to 89 and 73 to 82%, respectively) and specificity (93 to 99 and 86 to 89%, respectively) for assessing any amount of alcohol use in the past days. Serum carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin showed low sensitivity but higher specificity (40 to 79 and 57 to 99%, respectively) to detect excessive alcohol use in the past weeks. Whole blood phosphatidylethanol showed high sensitivity and specificity (73 to 100 and 90 to 96%, respectively) to detect any amount of alcohol use in the previous weeks. Scalp hair ethyl glucuronide showed high sensitivity (85 to 100%) and specificity (97 to 100%) for detecting chronic excessive alcohol use in the past 3 to 6 months. Main limitations of the current evidence are the lack of an absolute gold standard to assess alcohol use, heterogeneous study populations, and the paucity of studies.ConclusionsUrinary and scalp hair ethyl glucuronide are currently the most validated alcohol use biomarkers in patients with liver disease with good diagnostic accuracies. Phosphatidylethanol is a highly promising alcohol use biomarker, but so far less validated in liver patients. Alcohol use biomarkers can complement each other regarding diagnostic time window. More validation studies on alcohol use biomarkers in patients with liver disease are needed.
Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial of Naltrexone Among Women Living With HIV: Correlations Between Reductions in Self‐Reported Alcohol Use and Changes in Phosphatidylethanol
Authors: Richards Veronica L. , Sajdeya Ruba , Villalba Karina , Wang Yan , Bryant Vaughn , Brumback Babette , Bryant Kendall , Hahn Judith A. , Cook Robert L. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundDirect biomarkers such as phosphatidylethanol (PEth) have the capability to detect heavy alcohol use, but it is unclear how strongly self‐reported reduction in alcohol use correlates with reduction in PEth. We sought to explore the strength of correlation between reductions in self‐reported alcohol use and change in PEth among a sample of women living with HIV (WLWH) who participated in a clinical trial to reduce heavy alcohol use. We also sought to determine whether this correlation was stronger in women with lower body mass index (BMI) and women without an alcohol use disorder (AUD).Methods81 WLWH (mean age = 48.7, 80% Black) engaging in a randomized trial of naltrexone versus placebo with a positive baseline PEth (≥8 ng/ml), and alcohol use data at baseline, 2, and 7 months were included in this analysis. Spearman correlation coefficients were compared to measure the correlation between baseline PEth and number of drinks per week by demographic, biological, and alcohol use factors. Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to screen for AUD. Further analyses were stratified by BMI and AUD. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for the change in PEth and the change in number of drinks per week over 7 months, including 3 time‐points: baseline, 2, and 7 months.ResultsAt baseline, the correlation between baseline PEth and the number of drinks per week was significantly stronger for those with a BMI ≤25 compared to those with a BMI > 25 (r = 0.66; r = 0.26, respectively). Similarly, the correlation between baseline PEth and number of drinks was stronger for those who did not screen positive for AUD compared with those who did (r = 0.66; r = 0.25, respectively). When stratifying by BMI, a low‐to‐moderate correlation (r = 0.32, p = 0.02) was present for persons with a BMI > 25; when stratifying by AUD, a moderate correlation (r = 0.50, p < 0.01) was present for persons without an AUD between 0 and 2 months only.ConclusionsIn this sample of WLWH, BMI and AUD affected the strength of correlation between PEth and drinks per week. Future work examining changes in PEth over time in broader populations is needed, particularly to understand the sex differences in PEth levels.
Meta‐analysis of sleep deprivation in the acute treatment of bipolar depression
Authors: Gottlieb John F. , Goel Namni , Chen Shenghao , Young Michael A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSleep deprivation (SD) is an antidepressant intervention with multiple administration formats that has been investigated primarily with uncontrolled clinical trials and qualitative reviews of the literature. The validity and applicability of these findings to the treatment of bipolar depression (BPD) is uncertain.MethodsA PRISMA‐based systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis were conducted to determine the efficacy of SD in the treatment of BPD and to identify moderator variables that influence response rate.ResultsFrom a sample of 15 studies covering 384 patients, the overall, mean response rate to SD was 47.6% (CI 36.0%, 59.5%). This response rate compared post‐SD to pre‐SD depression scores, and not to a placebo control condition. Of several potential moderating variables examined, the use of adjunctive pharmacotherapy achieved statistical significance with response rates of 59.4% [CI 48.5, 69.5] for patients using adjunctive medication vs 27.4% [CI 17.8, 39.8] for patients not using adjunctive medication.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis of SD in the treatment of BPD found an overall, response rate of almost 50%, reinforcing earlier estimates of efficacy. The use of adjunctive pharmacotherapy had a statistically significant moderating effect on SD response suggesting that clinical practice should routinely pair these interventions. These findings provide a higher level of evidence supporting the use of SD, especially when used with medication, and should inform future management guidelines for the treatment of BPD.
Brain‐specific monoallelic expression of bovine UBE3A is associated with genomic position
Authors: Li J. , Zhang C. , Si H. , Gu S. , Liu X. , Li D. , Meng S. , Yang X. , Li S. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryGenomic imprinting is a rare epigenetic process in mammalian cells that leads to monoallelic expression of a gene with a parent‐specific pattern. The UBE3A (ubiquitin protein ligase E3A) gene is imprinted with maternal allelic expression in the brain but biallelically expressed in all other tissues in humans. The silencing of the paternal UBE3A allele is thought to be caused by the paternally expressed antisense RNA transcript of UBE3A‐ATS. The aberrant imprinted expression of the UBE3A is associated with several neurodevelopmental syndromes and psychological disorders. Cattle are a valuable model species in determining the genetic etiology of sporadic human disorder, and maternal expression of UEB3A has been revealed by next‐generation sequencing study in the bovine conceptus. In this study, we investigated the allelic expression of UBE3A and UBE3A‐ATS in adult bovine somatic tissues. To confirm the splicing pattern of bovine UBE3A, five 5′ alternative transcripts (MT210534–MT210538) were first obtained from bovine brain tissue by RT‐PCR. Based on 10 SNP genotypes, we found that the brain‐specific monoallelic expression of bovine UBE3A did not occur along the entire locus, and there was a shift from biallelic expression to monoallelic expression in exon 14 of the UBE3A gene. However, the brain‐specific monoallelic expression of bovine UBE3A‐ATS occurred in the entire gene. These observations demonstrated that the monoallelic expression did not occur along the bovine UBE3A entire locus and was associated with the genomic position.
Continuous renal replacement therapy with the addition of CytoSorb cartridge in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 plus acute kidney injury: A case‐series
Authors: Alharthy Abdulrahman , Faqihi Fahad , Memish Ziad A. , Balhamar Abdullah , Nasim Nasir , Shahzad Ahmad , Tamim Hani , Alqahtani Saleh A. , Brindley Peter G. , Karakitsos Dimitrios 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur aim was to investigate continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with CytoSorb cartridge for patients with life‐threatening COVID‐19 plus acute kidney injury (AKI), sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Of 492 COVID‐19 patients admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU), 50 had AKI necessitating CRRT (10.16%) and were enrolled in the study. Upon ICU admission, all had AKI, ARDS, septic shock, and CRS. In addition to CRRT with CytoSorb, all received ARDS‐net ventilation, prone positioning, plus empiric ribavirin, interferon beta‐1b, antibiotics, hydrocortisone, and prophylactic anticoagulation. We retrospectively analyzed inflammatory biomarkers, oxygenation, organ function, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length‐of‐stay, and mortality on day‐28 post‐ICU admission. Patients were 49.64 ± 8.90 years old (78% male) with body mass index of 26.70 ± 2.76 kg/m2. On ICU admission, mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II was 22.52 ± 1.1. Sequential Organ Function Assessment (SOFA) score was 9.36 ± 2.068 and the ratio of partial arterial pressure of oxygen to fractional inspired concentration of oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) was 117.46 ± 36.92. Duration of mechanical ventilation was 17.38 ± 7.39 days, ICU length‐of‐stay was 20.70 ± 8.83 days, and mortality 28 days post‐ICU admission was 30%. Nonsurvivors had higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and more unresolved shock, ARDS, AKI, and pulmonary emboli (8% vs. 4%, P < .05) compared to survivors. After 2 ± 1 CRRT sessions with CytoSorb, survivors had decreased SOFA scores, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, D‐dimers, C‐reactive protein, and interleukin‐6; and increased PaO2/FiO2 ratios, and lymphocyte counts (all P < .05). Receiver‐operator‐curve analysis showed that posttherapy values of interleukin‐6 (cutoff point >620 pg/mL) predicted in‐hospital mortality for critically ill COVID‐19 patients (area‐under‐the‐curve: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81‐0.93; P = .001). No side effects of therapy were recorded. In this retrospective case‐series, CRRT with the CytoSorb cartridge provided a safe rescue therapy in life‐threatening COVID‐19 with associated AKI, ARDS, sepsis, and hyperinflammation.
miR‐340‐5p inhibits sheep adipocyte differentiation by targeting ATF7
Authors: Liu Haodong , Li Baojun , Qiao Liying , Liu Jianhua , Ren Duanyang , Liu Wenzhong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSeveral microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to play roles in adipocyte differentiation. However, little is known about their involvement in the differentiation of ovine intramuscular adipocytes. Here, the role of one such miRNA, miR‐340‐5p, in ovine adipocyte differentiation was investigated. Stromal vascular (SV) cells were isolated from skeletal muscle tissues of 1‐month‐old lambs and induced to differentiate into mature adipocytes. miRNA mimics and inhibitors were used for miR‐340‐5p overexpression and knockdown assays. For overexpression and knockdown of activating transcription factor 7 (ATF7), lentivirus infection was performed. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the relationship between miR‐340‐5p and ATF7. The expression of adipogenesis marker genes, PPARγ, C/EBPα, FABP4, ADIPOQ, and ACC, and formation of lipid droplets were detected after the overexpression and inhibition of miR‐340‐5p, or upon overexpression or knockdown of ATF7. miR‐340‐5p inhibited the expression of the marker genes and the formation of lipid droplets. ATF7 positively regulated the expression of the marker genes and the formation of lipids. Thus, ATF7 is the target of miR‐340‐5p in sheep. Overall, these findings indicate that miR‐340‐5p acts as an inhibitor of the differentiation of intramuscular adipocytes by targeting ATF7. Our study provides a new theoretical basis for improving sheep meat quality.
Salsalate reverses metabolic disorders in a mouse model of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease through AMPK activation and caspase‐6 activity inhibition
Authors: Li Jingjing , Chen Changmai , Zhang Wei , Bi Jing'ai , Yang Guang , Li Erguang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSalsalate, an ester formed by 2 salicylic acid molecules, has beneficial effect against metabolic disorders in clinical trials and in animal studies. This study focused on the mechanistic aspects of salsalate activity against non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Using high‐fat diet (HFD) fed mice, we showed that salsalate treatment decreased body‐weight gains, reduced white adipose tissue mass and improved glycaemic control. Mice in salsalate‐treated group also had reduced obese adipose tissue and hepatic macrophage infiltration and inflammation and adipogenesis gene expression. Histology analysis revealed predominant decreases in hepatosteatosis, including both macrovesicular and microvesicular steatoses. The treatment reversed AMPK activity repression that was accompanied by reduced caspase‐6 activity and cleavage. Enzymatic assay and cell culture studies showed that salsalate promoted AMPK activation by directly activating AMPK. This study links salsalate effect against metabolic disorders to its activity on reversion of AMPK repression in NAFLD mice and on suppression of adipogenic gene induction.
Spatiotemporal metabolic dynamics of the photosensitizer talaporfin sodium in carcinoma and sarcoma
Authors: Saito Takuma , Tsukahara Tomohide , Suzuki Takeshi , Nojima Iyori , Tadano Hiroki , Kawai Noriko , Kubo Terufumi , Hirohashi Yoshihiko , Kanaseki Takayuki , Torigoe Toshihiko , Li Liming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) using the photosensitizer talaporfin sodium (talaporfin) is a new mode of treatment for cancer. However, the metabolic mechanism of talaporfin has not been clarified. Thus, we investigated the uptake, transportation, and elimination mechanisms of talaporfin in carcinoma and sarcoma. The results showed that talaporfin co‐localized in early endosomes and lysosomes. Talaporfin uptake was via clathrin‐ and caveolae‐dependent endocytosis and a high amount of intracellular ATP was essential. Inhibition of lysosomal enzymes maintained intracellular talaporfin levels. Inhibition of K‐Ras signaling reduced talaporfin uptake in carcinoma and sarcoma cell lines. Talaporfin was taken up by clathrin‐ and caveolae‐dependent endocytosis, translocated from early endosomes to lysosomes, and finally degraded by lysosomes. We also demonstrated that ATP is essential for the uptake of talaporfin and that activation of K‐Ras is involved as a regulatory mechanism. These results provide new insights into the metabolism of talaporfin in cancer cells for the enhancement of PDT for carcinoma and sarcoma.