bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keystone‐designed perforator island flaps for reconstruction after chest keloid excision: A retrospective case series
Authors: Huang Jiuzuo , Dong Ruijia , Wang Xiaojun , Yu Nanze , Zhao Ru , Bai Ming , Zhang Hailin , Wang Yang , Long Xiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of keystone‐designed perforator island flaps for chest keloid reconstruction.MethodsWe reviewed consecutive patients who received keystone flap reconstruction after chest keloid resection between January 2017 and February 2018. The patient demographic data, defect size, flap size, complications, and recurrence were recorded.ResultsThirty‐eight patients were evaluated in this retrospective case series. After keloid resection, dimension of wound defects was 5.5‐9.5 cm × 9.5‐12.5 cm, with an average dimension of 7.3 cm × 10.7 cm. The dimension of keystone flaps was between 6‐10 cm × 20‐34.5 cm, with an average dimension of 7.5 cm × 25.5 cm. The flaps healed smoothly without any complication. There was no keloid recurrence with 15 months of follow‐up. 89.4% of the patients had good outcome with no apparent scarring, and 10.6% patients had satisfactory outcome with localized scarring.ConclusionsKeystone‐designed perforator island flap is an effective and reliable method for reconstruction following chest keloid resection.
Green consumers and environmental policy
Authors: Constantatos Christos , Pargianas Christos , Sartzetakis Eftichios S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present paper examines how improvements in consumers' environmental awareness influence the choice between output and emission taxes, within a framework of imperfect competition and endogenous choice of abatement level. We first show that in the absence of policy intervention, there exists a level of environmental awareness beyond which welfare is decreasing as market imperfections become more prominent relative to environmental concerns. We also confirm that both output and emission taxes are welfare superior to the free‐market case. What is surprising, however, is that the welfare performance of an optimally chosen emissions tax is monotonically decreasing in consumers' environmental sensitivity, while the opposite is true for an output tax up to a certain level. At low levels of consumers' environmental awareness an emissions tax is welfare superior, but eventually, there is a level of environmental awareness beyond which an output‐tax welfare dominates an emissions tax. Therefore, an emissions tax is better suited to societies that have not yet developed high levels of environmental awareness, while societies characterized by high levels of environmental awareness should prefer an output tax.
Sleep duration trajectories from adolescence to emerging adulthood: Findings from a population‐based birth cohort
Authors: Kramer Fiala Machado Adriana , Wendt Andrea , Baptista Menezes Ana Maria , Gonçalves Helen , Wehrmeister Fernando César 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to describe longitudinal trajectories of sleep duration, among adolescents and adults from the Pelotas (Brazil) 1993 Birth Cohort, as well as characterize different trajectories groups according to socioeconomic, demographic and behavior characteristics. Sleep duration, hours per day (from Monday to Friday), bedtime and wake‐up time were self‐reported by participants at ages 11, 18 and 22 years. Covariables included socioeconomic, demographic, health and behavior characteristics. Trajectory analysis was performed using a semi‐parametric, group‐based modelling approach. Prevalence and 95% confidence interval were obtained to describe covariables and sleep trajectory groups. Chi‐square test was employed in statistical analysis and all analyses were stratified by sex. A total of 3.395 individuals were included in the analysis. In both sexes, bedtime became later across years, while wake‐up time presented little variation. Differences according sex were more pronounced from 18 years onwards. Three trajectories of sleep duration from 11 to 22 years were identified for males: “increase and maintenance” (3.4%), “fast reduction and maintenance” (45.0%) and “constant reduction” (51.6%). While in females the trajectories identified were: “increase and decrease” (2.4%), “fast reduction and maintenance” (25.6%) and “constant reduction” (72.0%). Men and women who belong to trajectories with longer sleep durations were more likely to present higher percentages of some risk behaviors and poor socioeconomic condition. Our results have provided longitudinal information regarding sleep duration trajectories in a medium‐sized city in Brazil, aiming at filling an existing gap in literature from low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Innovative procedures for micro‐elimination of HCV infection in persons who use drugs
Authors: Messina Vincenzo , Russo Antonio , Parente Enrico , Russo Giovanni , Raimondo Tiziana , Salzillo Angela , Simeone Filomena , Onorato Lorenzo , Di Caprio Giovanni , Pisaturo Mariantonietta , Coppola Nicola 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPeople who use drugs are a key population in global HCV control. We evaluated the efficacy of an innovative model to eliminate HCV infection in a high‐risk population of PWUD in a service for substance use disorder (SUD). Between January 2018 and December 2018, we conducted a prospective, interventional, before and after study, based on audits performed by Infectious Diseases physicians in a SUD facility in Piedimonte Matese, in southern Italy, to improve the knowledge about HCV infection; a shared protocol for screening and linkage to care of patients was implemented. The pre‐intervention period was defined as January‐December 2017 and the post‐intervention period as January‐December 2018. The subjects followed up at SUD facility in the pre‐intervention and post‐intervention periods were 318 and 275, respectively. Compared with the pre‐intervention period, the number of anti‐HCV–positive subjects tested for HCV RNA was higher in the post‐intervention period (91% vs 27%, P < .0001), as was the number who started directly acting antivirals (DAAs). Of the 18 HCV RNA–positive subjects in the pre‐intervention period, only 3 (16.6%) started DAA, a percentage decisively lower than that observed after the start of the programme, 63 (84%) of 75 subjects (P < .0001), and all obtained SVR. The data were similar for people who inject drugs (PWID) and non‐PWID sub‐populations. The use of our innovative model with close interaction between the Infectious Disease Unit and the SUD facility determined a significant increase in HCV RNA testing, linkage to care and the start of DAA in the PWUD population.
Life after hepatitis C cure in HIV‐infected people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men treated with direct‐acting antivirals in France: Health perceptions and experiences from qualitative and quantitative findings (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH)
Authors: Mora Marion , Goodyear Trevor , Marcellin Fabienne , Shoveller Jeannie , Di Beo Vincent , Calzolaio Chiara , Sogni Philippe , Wittkop Linda , Zucman David , Poizot‐Martin Isabelle , Lacombe Karine , Salmon‐Céron Dominique , Knight Rod , Carrieri Patrizia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere remains a substantial gap in our understandings of the life experiences of patients following HCV cure among HIV‐HCV–co‐infected people who inject drugs (PWID) and men who have sex with men (MSM), two key populations targeted for HCV elimination. We described the experiences and perspectives of HIV‐positive PWID and MSM, HCV‐cured following treatment with direct‐acting antivirals (DAA). We used an exploratory sequential mixed approach using both qualitative data (semi‐structured interviews with 27 PWID and 20 MSM) and quantitative data (self‐administered questionnaires with 89 PWID) via the prospective ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort. PWID reported improvements in physical health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and self‐reported symptoms following treatment, but no significant change in mental HRQL. During interviews, several MSM, more recently diagnosed with HCV, expressed less concern regarding HCV than HIV infection and interpreted improvements in their overall well‐being after HCV cure to be more related to a closer connection with healthcare providers than with viral elimination. By contrast, PWID, particularly those previously exposed to interferon‐based treatments, described major improvements in their physical HRQL. Both MSM and PWID reported improvements in cognitive or psychological wellbeing, and a majority of them reported some degree of concern over potential HCV reinfection. To conclude, though health benefits of HCV cure concern both groups, HIV‐infected PWID and MSM may have different representations and experiences following DAA treatment, related to their history with HCV. They are thus likely to benefit from holistic, post‐treatment follow‐up care that is responsive to their evolving health and social contexts.
Learning‐based image scale estimation using surface textures for quantitative visual inspection of regions‐of‐interest
Authors: Park Ju An , Yeum Chul Min , Hrynyk Trevor D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA major shortfall of vision‐based inspection solutions is the lack of scale information, required to resolve inspection regions to a physical scale. To address this challenge, a learning‐based scale estimation technique is proposed. The underlying assumption is that the surface texture of structures, captured in images, contains enough information to estimate scale for each corresponding image (e.g., pixel/mm). This permits the training of a regression model to establish the relationship between surface textures, captured in images, and scales. A convolutional neural network is trained to extract scale‐related features from textures captured in images. Then, the trained model can be exploited to estimate scales for all images that are captured from a structure's surfaces with similar textures. The capability of the proposed technique is demonstrated using data collected from surface textures of three different structures. An average scale estimation error, from images of each structure, is less than 15%.
Mutations in enterobacterial common antigen biosynthesis restore outer membrane barrier function in Escherichia coli tol‐pal mutants
Authors: Jiang Xiang’Er , Tan Wee Boon , Shrivastava Rahul , Seow Deborah Chwee San , Chen Swaine Lin , Guan Xue Li , Chng Shu‐Sin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe outer membrane (OM) is an essential component of the Gram‐negative bacterial envelope that protects the cells against external threats. To maintain a functional OM, cells require distinct mechanisms to ensure balance of proteins and lipids in the membrane. Mutations in OM biogenesis and/or homeostasis pathways often result in permeability defects, but how molecular changes in the OM affect barrier function is unclear. Here, we seek potential mechanism(s) that can alleviate permeability defects in Escherichia coli cells lacking the Tol‐Pal complex, which accumulate excess PLs in the OM. We identify mutations in enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) biosynthesis that re‐establish OM barrier function against large hydrophilic molecules, yet did not restore lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that build‐up of biosynthetic intermediates, but not loss of ECA itself, contributes to the rescue. This suppression of OM phenotypes is unrelated to known effects that accumulation of ECA intermediates have on the cell wall. Finally, we reveal that an unusual diacylglycerol pyrophosphoryl‐linked lipid species also accumulates in ECA mutants, and might play a role in the rescue phenotype. Our work provides insights into how OM barrier function can be restored independent of lipid homeostasis, and highlights previously unappreciated effects of ECA‐related species in OM biology.
Orientation to Language Learning Over Time: A Case Analysis on the Repertoire Addition of a Lexical Item
Authors: KOTILAINEN LARI , KURHILA SALLA 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article explores language learning as the speakers’ microlongitudinal project in interaction. Using conversation analysis (CA) as a method, we present a single‐case analysis on how a change occurs in the linguistic repertoire of 2 learners of Finnish. We discuss the challenges that the temporal aspect in learning poses within CA, such as the difficulty in documenting a change on the one hand, and on the other hand, the risk of losing the emic perspective of the participants if they do not orient to the change. By illustrating a complete learning project, which begins when the participants encounter a need to use a certain (for them, unknown) word and ends when they use the word independently in interaction, we will demonstrate how a change in the linguistic repertoire of the participants occurs, as a result of their own actions and orientations, without compromising CA's emic perspective. It will be argued that the unique capacity of CA to recover the participants’ sense‐making practices in interaction gives us a lens to not only document change but also to understand its internal dynamics.
Performance of a pre‐procedural Mehran score to predict acute kidney injury after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Blanco Anamarys , Rahim Faisal , Nguyen Michelle , Quach Steven , Guduru Sai , Makadia Shraddha , Abusaada Khalid 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a known complication of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization or percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).The Mehran score was developed to identify patients at risk for AKI after cardiac catheterization or PCI, but its use of contrast volume as part of the score calculation limits its application prior to the procedure. In this study, we evaluated the utility of a modified Mehran score that utilizes only pre‐procedural data by excluding contrast volume.MethodsThis was done in a retrospective fashion using data from patients who received PCI at our institution between July 2015 and December 2017 by evaluating the discriminative ability of the scoring systems for predicting outcomes through a receiver‐operator characteristic curve analysis.ResultsOne thousand five hundred and seven patients were included in the study. A total of 70 (4.6%) patients developed AKI. The removal of contrast volume from the Mehran score resulted in a small loss of discrimination with AUROC 0.73 vs 0.74, P = .01 for the pre‐procedural Mehran and the original Mehran, respectively. When compared to the original score, the pre‐procedural Mehran score had a four‐category net discrimination index (NRI) of ‑0.10 and an integrated discrimination index (IDI) for of −0.12.ConclusionDespite a small loss in discrimination, there was no difference in the four‐category net discrimination index between the two scores. The pre‐procedural modified Mehran score is a useful clinical predictor of the risk of AKI in patients undergoing PCI.
Anesthesia management of laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity. A retrospective review of perioperative adverse events
Authors: Kaur Balvindar , Carden Susan M. , Wong Jonathan , Frawley Geoff 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to report the incidence of perioperative adverse events occurring in infants undergoing diode laser photocoagulation of retinopathy of prematurity and to identify clinical risk factors that may affect the incidence.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of anesthetic and medical records of premature infants who were treated in the neonatal intensive care unit or an operating theater with laser photocoagulation in our institution between January 2014 and December 2019. Infants less than 38 weeks post‐menstrual age or less than 2000 grams were considered high risk for complications. Electronic medical records were evaluated for clinical and demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and perioperative complications of anesthesia.ResultsSixty‐one infants (39 males, 22 females) underwent 72 laser treatments. The mean gestational age was 25.3 weeks (SD 1.6), and mean birth weight was 730 grams (SD 202). At treatment, the mean postmenstrual age was 37.5 weeks (SD 2.7) and weight was 2320 g (SD 610). Laser therapy was performed in an operating theater in 66 procedures (91.7%) and in the neonatal unit in 6 cases (8.3%). Twenty‐nine (40.3%) laser surgeries occurred outside normal week‐day daytime operating hours. Intraoperative hypotension occurred in 12 procedures (16.7%) but was not significantly different in high‐risk infants (16.1% vs 16.7% OR 0.94 P = .94) or in procedures performed in‐hours (16.3% vs 17.2% OR 0.93 P = .91). Post‐extubation apnea occurred in 21 procedures (29%) but was not significantly different in high‐risk infants (29.0% vs 27.3% OR 0.98 P = .34) or in procedures performed in‐hours (27.9% vs 31.1% OR 0.86 P = .77). Infants remained intubated at the end of the procedure in 58 (80.5%) cases and 29 (40.3%) remained ventilated more than 24 hours after the procedure.ConclusionThe incidence of perioperative adverse events was not associated with patient's age, current weight, timing, or location of the procedure. Extubating infants at the end of the procedure is however associated with a high rate of apneas and bradycardia, and consideration should be given to keeping low weight infants undergoing prolonged procedures out‐of‐hours intubated.
Gun Ownership and Life Satisfaction in the United States
Authors: Hill Terrence D. , Dowd‐Arrow Benjamin , Burdette Amy M. , Warner Tara D. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveAlthough there is little empirical evidence linking gun ownership with personal well‐being, speculation is widespread in gun culture. In this article, we test whether people who own guns are more or less satisfied with their lives than people who do not own guns.MethodsWe employ data collected from three national surveys, the Baylor Religion Survey (2014), the Chapman University Survey on American Fears (2014), and the General Social Survey (2018) to formally assess this understudied association.ResultsIn adjusted models, gun ownership was unrelated to life satisfaction. This general pattern was consistent across surveys, different measures and specifications of life satisfaction, and a wide range of subgroups.ConclusionOur analyses contribute to the growing study of gun ownership and personal well‐being and challenge theoretical perspectives and cultural narratives about how owning a gun can contribute favorably to one's quality of life.
Dorsal offset rhinoplasty for treatment of stenotic nares in 34 brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Dickerson Vanna M. , Dillard Corinne M. B. , Grimes Janet A. , Wallace Mandy L. , McAnulty Jonathan F. , Schmiedt Chad W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the technique, outcome, and owner satisfaction associated with dorsal offset rhinoplasty (DOR) to treat stenotic nares in brachycephalic dogs.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsThirty‐four client‐owned dogs.MethodsMedical records of dogs treated with DOR at a veterinary teaching hospital over a 6‐year period were identified. Dorsal offset rhinoplasty was defined as removal of a dorsal wedge of nasal planum from each naris with apposition of the rostral abaxial tissue to the caudal axial tissue, resulting in translocation of the alar cartilage in both median and dorsal planes. Immediate and postoperative complications were recorded. Owners were asked to report any complications with healing of the nares and to score their satisfaction with the appearance of the nares.ResultsThirty‐four dogs met the inclusion criteria. Twenty‐nine (85%) dogs were examined a median of 402.5 days (range, 23‐2042) postoperatively, with no major complications related to the rhinoplasty recorded. Eighteen owners responded a median of 701 days (range, 37‐1622) postoperatively. One owner reported that self‐trauma led to collapse of one naris. One owner reported collapse of both nares within 4 years; timing and cause were unknown. Sixteen of 17 responding owners reported that they were very satisfied with the outcome of the rhinoplasty. The owner of the dog with the collapsed naris was very unsatisfied. One owner did not provide a satisfaction score.ConclusionOwners were generally highly satisfied with DOR, and complications were uncommon.Clinical significanceThis report describes an alternate technique to treat stenotic nares.
BRIP1 rs10744996C>A variant increases the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Mongolian population of northern China
Authors: Wang Jing , Sun Dejun , Lu Wenju , Zhang Zili , Zhang Chenting , Hu Ke 
Published: August 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the role of breast cancer type 1 interacting protein C‐terminal helicase 1 (BRIP1) polymorphism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Variant rs10744996C>A of BRIP1 increases the susceptibility of the Mongolian population to COPD. The expression of BRIP1 was significantly reduced in cigarette smoke extract‐treated airway epithelial cells.
AbstractCigarette smoke is a major environmental pollutant that can induce DNA damage in humans. The development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are known to be related to the impairment of DNA repair. Breast cancer type 1 interacting protein C‐terminal helicase 1 (BRIP1) plays an important role in DNA interstrand crosslink repair and double‐strand break repair. However, the role of BRIP1 polymorphisms in COPD has not been previously described. In this study, whole genome sequencing was used to identify mutations, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was used to verify the selected SNPs. In addition the BRIP1 expression levels in 16HBE and A549 airway epithelial cells treated with or without cigarette smoke extract (CSE) were measured using western blotting and RT‐qPCR. Rs10744996C>A in the 3′‐untranslated region (3′UTR) of BRIP1 was then genotyped in 1296 COPD cases and 988 healthy control subjects from a Mongolian population in northern China. Significant differences in the distribution of rs10744996C>A variants between COPD and control groups (P = 0.001) were identified. Rs10744996C>A was found to be associated with significantly increased COPD risk (adjusted odds ratio = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.30–1.98, P < 0.0001). Additionally, rs10744996A genotype was found to interact with a family history of cancer and a history of x‐ray exposure (P = 0.028 and 0.009, respectively). BRIP1 expression levels in 16HBE and A549 cells treated with CSE were significantly lower compared to the control treated cells. The rs10744996C>A variant of BRIP1 increased the COPD susceptibility of the Mongolian population cohort. BRIP1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly reduced in conjunction with CSE‐induced DNA damage in 16HBE and A549 cells.