bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges of making healthy lifestyle changes for families in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Wild Cervantée EK , Rawiri Ngauru T , Willing Esther J , Hofman Paul L , Anderson Yvonne C 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:The objective of the current study was to identify challenges of making and sustaining healthy lifestyle changes for families with children/adolescents affected by obesity, who were referred to a multicomponent healthy lifestyle assessment and intervention programme in Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ).Design:Secondary qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews.Setting:Taranaki region of Aotearoa/NZ.Participants:Thirty-eight interviews with parents/caregivers (n 42) of children/adolescents who had previously been referred to a family-focused multidisciplinary programme for childhood obesity intervention, who identified challenges of making healthy lifestyle changes. Participants had varying levels of engagement, including those who declined contact after their referral.Results:Participant-identified challenges included financial cost, impact of the food environment, time pressures, stress, maintaining consistency across households, independence in adolescence, concern for mental health and frustration when not seeing changes in weight status.Conclusions:Participants recognised a range of factors that contributed towards their ability to make and sustain change, including factors at the wider socio-environmental level beyond their immediate control. Even with the support of a multidisciplinary healthy lifestyle programme, participants found it difficult to make sustained changes within an obesogenic environment. Healthy lifestyle intervention programmes and families’ abilities to make and sustain changes require alignment of prevention efforts, focusing on policy changes to improve the food environment and eliminate structural inequities.
THE INDUCTIVE BLOCKWISE ALPERIN WEIGHT CONDITION FOR TYPE AND THE PRIME
Authors: FENG ZHICHENG , MALLE GUNTER 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe establish the inductive blockwise Alperin weight condition for simple groups of Lie type$\mathsf C$and the bad prime$2$. As a main step, we derive a labelling set for the irreducible$2$-Brauer characters of the finite symplectic groups$\operatorname {Sp}_{2n}(q)$(with oddq), together with the action of automorphisms. As a further important ingredient, we prove a Jordan decomposition for weights.
Pandemics and the politics of difference: rewriting the history of internationalism through nineteenth-century cholera
Authors: Huber Valeska 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article revisits the origins of internationalism in the field of health and shows how the cholera epidemics of the nineteenth century, much like the current coronavirus crisis, brought global differences such as social inequalities, political hierarchies, and scientific conflicts to the fore. Beyond drawing parallels between the cholera epidemics and the current crisis, the article argues for combining imperial and social histories in order to write richer and more grounded histories of internationalism. It explores this historiographical and methodological challenge by analysing the boardrooms of the international sanitary conferences, Middle Eastern quarantine stations catering for Mecca pilgrims, and ocean steamships aiming to move without delay during a worldwide health crisis.
Ebola and COVID-19 in Sierra Leone: comparative lessons of epidemics for society
Authors: Richards Paul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis case study focuses on two epidemic diseases in Sierra Leone. Ebola in 2014–15 drew international response, but was contained within the Upper West African region. COVID-19 reached Sierra Leone in April 2020 as part of a global pandemic. Local social knowledge has been an important factor in shaping responses to both diseases. In the case of Ebola, infection was concentrated in families, and responders needed a good knowledge of family interactional dynamics. COVID-19 is a more public disease. Responders have to assess risk factors in workplaces, markets, and places of worship. Comparing and contrasting the two cases also draws attention to different aspects of the historical context. Ebola response indexes Sierra Leone’s history as a humanitarian project associated with the abolition of the slave trade. The pandemic challenge of COVID-19 draws attention to Sierra Leone’s nodal position within a global diaspora rooted in Atlantic slavery and emancipation. Responders are forced to consider the ways in which the two infections articulate different aspects of calls for global social justice.
COLOR AND CONSTRAINT
Authors: Campbell Mary E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImmigrants to the United States are assigned to ethnic and racial categories that often make little sense in an international context or are actively resisted by new arrivals. This study uses a large, nationally representative sample to test how skin color constrains and patterns that resistance, and how individual characteristics shape identification choices. Using the 2003 New Immigrant Survey, I find that skin tone has significant relationships with ethnic and racial self-identification choices for immigrants, even after controlling for characteristics like country of origin, with higher rates of Latinx identification among light-skinned immigrants than dark-skinned respondents, and especially high rates of refusing the “standard” racial categories for those near the middle of the skin tone scale. The racial categories selected by immigrants reflect not only their region of origin, but also their education level and their age, controlling for a range of demographic predictors. I discuss the implications for the racialization of immigrants to the United States.
Computed tomography venography versus intravascular ultrasound in the diagnosis of iliofemoral vein stenosis
Authors: Toh Ming Ren , Damodharan Karthikeyan , Lim Han Hui Mervin Nathan , Tang Tjun Yip 
Published: November 2020

Summary: Background: Iliofemoral vein stenosis can cause debilitating chronic venous disease. Diagnostic tools include both computed tomography venography (CTV) and intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS). We aim to compare the diagnostic performance of CTV and IVUS. Patients and methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients with chronic venous disease presenting with iliac vein compression or post-thrombotic limb symptoms, excluding those with acute deep vein thrombosis, high anaesthesia risk, or who had contrast allergy. All patients received CTV before IVUS, as part of the diagnostic work-up and intervention. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of iliofemoral vein segments obtained from both studies were compared against reference CSAs to derive percentage stenosis. A 50% reduction in CSA was considered significant. Results: We studied 50 patients between May 2018 and April 2019. 58% of patients had severe disease CEAP C5-6. 48% of patients had at least one vein segment with significant stenosis. The left proximal common iliac vein was the most commonly stenosed vein segment (n = 12, 24% on IVUS). CSA measurements from CTV were greater than those of IVUS, with a correlation coefficient of 0.57 (p < 0.005). Conversely, percentage stenosis measured on CTV was lower than on IVUS, with approximately one-third of significant stenosis missed on CTV (58 veins from CTV vs. 78 from IVUS, p < 0.005). With IVUS as the gold standard, CTV has low sensitivity (37.2%, 95% CI 26.5–48.9) and high specificity (92.5%, 95% CI 89.3–94.9) in detecting significant stenosis. Conclusions: CTV has limited diagnostic performance in identifying iliofemoral vein stenosis. Patients with normal CTV findings should proceed with IVUS imaging if the clinical features are supportive of iliofemoral vein stenosis.
Kinematics and Dynamics of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Elazig, Turkey Earthquake
Authors: Chen Kejie , Zhang Zhenguo , Liang Cunren , Xue Changhu , Liu Peng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe determine rupture kinematics of the 2020 Mw 6.7 Elazig, Turkey earthquake from joint inversion of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements, regional 1 Hz Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), strong motion, and teleseismic waveforms, and we also use dynamic modeling to assess the faulting properties to explain the observed kinematics. Our work shows that this event predominantly ruptured unilaterally toward the SW along the East Anatolian Fault Zone at a speed as slow as 2.0 km/s for ~20 s, and three main asperities are formed with a depth ranging from 20 km to the surface, but the surface rupture seems negligible. Besides, the dynamic model reveals an initial heterogeneous stress distribution with variations up to 30 MPa, which has been probably built up during the interseismic period. While this event does not seem to promote the failure of Pazarcık seismic gap, it remains elusive to evaluate the disturbed seismic potential between Elazig and Bingol regions.
Poly(I:C) preconditioning protects the heart against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through TLR3/PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway
Authors: Chen Erya , Chen Chan , Niu Zhendong , Gan Lu , Wang Qiao , Li Ming , Cai XingWei , Gao Rui , Katakam Sruthi , Chen Hai , Zhang Shu , Zhou Ronghua , Cheng Xu , Qiu Yanhua , Yu Hai , Zhu Tao , Liu Jin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) ligands pretreatment may play a vital role in the progress of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. As the ligand of TLR3, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a synthetic double-stranded RNA, whether its preconditioning can exhibit a cardioprotective phenotype remains unknown. Here, we report the protective effect of poly(I:C) pretreatment in acute myocardial I/R injury by activating TLR3/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Poly(I:C) pretreatment leads to a significant reduction of infarct size, improvement of cardiac function, and downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic molecules compared with controls. Subsequently, our data demonstrate that phosphorylation of TLR3 tyrosine residue and its interaction with PI3K is enhanced, and protein levels of phospho-PI3K and phospho-Akt are both increased after poly(I:C) pretreatment, while knock out of TLR3 suppresses the cardioprotection of poly(I:C) preconditioning through a decreased activation of PI3K/Akt signaling. Moreover, inhibition of p85 PI3K by the administration of LY294002 in vivo and knockdown of Akt by siRNA in vitro significantly abolish poly(I:C) preconditioning-induced cardioprotective effect. In conclusion, our results reveal that poly(I:C) preconditioning exhibits essential protection in myocardial I/R injury via its modulation of TLR3, and the downstream PI3K/Akt signaling, which may provide a potential pharmacologic target for perioperative cardioprotection.
circ-CBFB upregulates p66Shc to perturb mitochondrial dynamics in APAP-induced liver injury
Authors: Wang Zhecheng , Zhao Yan , Sun Ruimin , Sun Yu , Liu Deshun , Lin Musen , Chen Zhao , Zhou Junjun , Lv Li , Tian Xiaofeng , Yao Jihong 
Published: November 2020

Abstractp66Shc, a master regulator of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), is a crucial mediator of hepatocyte oxidative stress. However, its functional contribution to acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury and the mechanism by which it is modulated remain unknown. Here, we aimed to assess the effect of p66Shc on APAP-induced liver injury and to evaluate if circular RNA (circRNA) functions as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to mediate p66Shc in APAP-induced liver injury. p66Shc-, miR-185-5p-, and circ-CBFB-silenced mice were injected with APAP. AML12 cells were transfected with p66Shc, miR-185-5p, and circ-CBFB silencing or overexpression plasmids or siRNAs prior to APAP stimulation. p66Shc was upregulated in liver tissues in response to APAP, and p66Shc silencing in vivo protected mice from APAP-induced mitochondrial dynamics perturbation and liver injury. p66Shc knockdown in vitro attenuated mitochondrial dynamics and APAP-induced hepatocyte injury. Mechanically, p66Shc perturbs mitochondrial dynamics partially by inhibiting OMA1 ubiquitination. miR-185-5p, which directly suppressed p66Shc translation, was identified by microarray and bioinformatics analyses, and its overexpression attenuated mitochondrial dynamics and hepatocyte injury in vitro. Furthermore, luciferase, pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that circ-CBFB acts as a miRNA sponge of miR-185-5p to mediate p66Shc in APAP-induced liver injury. circ-CBFB knockdown also alleviated APAP-induced mitochondrial dynamics perturbation and hepatocyte injury. More importantly, we found that the protective effects of circ-CBFB knockdown on p66Shc, mitochondrial dynamics and liver injury were abolished by miR-185-5p inhibition both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, p66Shc is a key regulator of APAP-induced liver injury that acts by triggering mitochondrial dynamics perturbation. circ-CBFB functions as a ceRNA to regulate p66Shc during APAP-induced liver injury, which may provide a potential therapeutic target.
Neutrophils in liver diseases: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets
Authors: Liu Kai , Wang Fu-Sheng , Xu Ruonan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPreviously, it was assumed that peripheral neutrophils are a homogeneous population that displays antimicrobial functions. However, recent data have revealed that neutrophils are heterogeneous and are additionally involved in tissue damage and immune regulation. The phenotypic and functional plasticity of neutrophils has been identified in patients with cancer, inflammatory disorders, infections, and other diseases. Currently, neutrophils, with their autocrine, paracrine, and immune modulation functions, have been shown to be involved in liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. Accordingly, this review summarizes the role of neutrophils in liver diseases.
Single-particle tracking of the formation of a pseudoequilibrium state prior to charged microgel cluster formation at interfaces
Authors: Bi Wuguo , Yeow Edwin K. L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe correlation between micron-sized particles and their self-assembly at fluid interfaces is important in several applications, including the stabilization of Pickering emulsions and creation of colloidosomes. In this study, through real-time visualization of the diffusion of microgel particles at the air–water interface of an aqueous pendant drop, the formation of a pseudoequilibrium state is observed prior to cluster formation. It is shown here that at the microscopic level, a pendant drop surface has nonuniform principal curvatures and exhibits positive deviatoric curvature (+∆c) gradients. The +∆c gradients confer superdiffusive motion to single ionic microgel particles and are responsible for bringing particles that are initially far apart to common sites on the interface with high curvatures. Prior to two-particle cluster formation, the balance between pairwise repulsion, capillary attraction and +∆c-induced energy that pushes the pair of particles to a high curvature creates a pseudoequilibrium state where the interparticle distance remains relatively invariant for a long period of time. This observation is also noted during higher-order cluster formation. Thereafter, a sufficiently strong long-range attraction potential is activated to facilitate cluster formation. Real-time tracking of the evolution of cluster formation provides useful insights into the interplay between various interactions experienced by ionic microgels.
Epidemiological hypothesis testing using a phylogeographic and phylodynamic framework
Authors: Dellicour Simon , Lequime Sebastian , Vrancken Bram , Gill Mandev S. , Bastide Paul , Gangavarapu Karthik , Matteson Nathaniel L. , Tan Yi , du Plessis Louis , Fisher Alexander A. , Nelson Martha I. , Gilbert Marius , Suchard Marc A. , Andersen Kristian G. , Grubaugh Nathan D. , Pybus Oliver G. , Lemey Philippe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractComputational analyses of pathogen genomes are increasingly used to unravel the dispersal history and transmission dynamics of epidemics. Here, we show how to go beyond historical reconstructions and use spatially-explicit phylogeographic and phylodynamic approaches to formally test epidemiological hypotheses. We illustrate our approach by focusing on the West Nile virus (WNV) spread in North America that has substantially impacted public, veterinary, and wildlife health. We apply an analytical workflow to a comprehensive WNV genome collection to test the impact of environmental factors on the dispersal of viral lineages and on viral population genetic diversity through time. We find that WNV lineages tend to disperse faster in areas with higher temperatures and we identify temporal variation in temperature as a main predictor of viral genetic diversity through time. By contrasting inference with simulation, we find no evidence for viral lineages to preferentially circulate within the same migratory bird flyway, suggesting a substantial role for non-migratory birds or mosquito dispersal along the longitudinal gradient.
LSH mediates gene repression through macroH2A deposition
Authors: Ni Kai , Ren Jianke , Xu Xiaoping , He Yafeng , Finney Richard , Braun Simon M. G. , Hathaway Nathaniel A. , Crabtree Gerald R. , Muegge Kathrin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe human Immunodeficiency Centromeric Instability Facial Anomalies (ICF) 4 syndrome is a severe disease with increased mortality caused by mutation in the LSH gene. Although LSH belongs to a family of chromatin remodeling proteins, it remains unknown how LSH mediates its function on chromatin in vivo. Here, we use chemical-induced proximity to rapidly recruit LSH to an engineered locus and find that LSH specifically induces macroH2A1.2 and macroH2A2 deposition in an ATP-dependent manner. Tethering of LSH induces transcriptional repression and silencing is dependent on macroH2A deposition. Loss of LSH decreases macroH2A enrichment at repeat sequences and results in transcriptional reactivation. Likewise, reduction of macroH2A by siRNA interference mimicks transcriptional reactivation. ChIP-seq analysis confirmed that LSH is a major regulator of genome-wide macroH2A distribution. Tethering of ICF4 mutations fails to induce macroH2A deposition and ICF4 patient cells display reduced macroH2A deposition and transcriptional reactivation supporting a pathogenic role for altered marcoH2A deposition. We propose that LSH is a major chromatin modulator of the histone variant macroH2A and that its ability to insert marcoH2A into chromatin and transcriptionally silence is disturbed in the ICF4 syndrome.
Establishment of Neurospora crassa as a model organism for fungal virology
Authors: Honda Shinji , Eusebio-Cope Ana , Miyashita Shuhei , Yokoyama Ayumi , Aulia Annisa , Shahi Sabitree , Kondo Hideki , Suzuki Nobuhiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe filamentous fungusNeurospora crassais used as a model organism for genetics, developmental biology and molecular biology. Remarkably, it is not known to host or to be susceptible to infection with any viruses. Here, we identify diverse RNA viruses inN. crassaand otherNeurosporaspecies, and show thatN. crassasupports the replication of these viruses as well as some viruses from other fungi. Several encapsidated double-stranded RNA viruses and capsid-less positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses can be experimentally introduced intoN. crassaprotoplasts or spheroplasts. This allowed us to examine viral replication and RNAi-mediated antiviral responses in this organism. We show that viral infection upregulates the transcription of RNAi components, and that Dicer proteins (DCL-1, DCL-2) and an Argonaute (QDE-2) participate in suppression of viral replication. Our study thus establishesN. crassaas a model system for the study of host-virus interactions.
A single-cell atlas and lineage analysis of the adult Drosophila ovary
Authors: Rust Katja , Byrnes Lauren E. , Yu Kevin Shengyang , Park Jason S. , Sneddon Julie B. , Tward Aaron D. , Nystul Todd G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTheDrosophilaovary is a widely used model for germ cell and somatic tissue biology. Here we use single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to build a comprehensive cell atlas of the adultDrosophilaovary that contains transcriptional profiles for every major cell type in the ovary, including the germline stem cells and their niche cells, follicle stem cells, and previously undescribed subpopulations of escort cells. In addition, we identifyGal4lines with specific expression patterns and perform lineage tracing of subpopulations of escort cells and follicle cells. We discover that a distinct subpopulation of escort cells is able to convert to follicle stem cells in response to starvation or upon genetic manipulation, including knockdown ofescargot, or overactivation of mTor or Toll signalling.
Evidence of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase in a frustrated magnet
Authors: Hu Ze , Ma Zhen , Liao Yuan-Da , Li Han , Ma Chunsheng , Cui Yi , Shangguan Yanyan , Huang Zhentao , Qi Yang , Li Wei , Meng Zi Yang , Wen Jinsheng , Yu Weiqiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) mechanism, building upon proliferation of topological defects in 2D systems, is the first example of phase transition beyond the Landau-Ginzburg paradigm of symmetry breaking. Such a topological phase transition has long been sought yet undiscovered directly in magnetic materials. Here, we pin down two transitions that bound a BKT phase in an ideal 2D frustrated magnet TmMgGaO4, via nuclear magnetic resonance under in-plane magnetic fields, which do not disturb the low-energy electronic states and allow BKT fluctuations to be detected sensitively. Moreover, by applying out-of-plane fields, we find a critical scaling behavior of the magnetic susceptibility expected for the BKT transition. The experimental findings can be explained by quantum Monte Carlo simulations applied on an accurate triangular-lattice Ising model of the compound which hosts a BKT phase. These results provide a concrete example for the BKT phase and offer an ideal platform for future investigations on the BKT physics in magnetic materials.
How Rh surface breaks CO2 molecules under ambient pressure
Authors: Kim Jeongjin , Ha Hyunwoo , Doh Won Hui , Ueda Kohei , Mase Kazuhiko , Kondoh Hiroshi , Mun Bongjin Simon , Kim Hyun You , Park Jeong Young 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUtilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules leads to increased interest in the sustainable synthesis of methane (CH4) or methanol (CH3OH). The representative reaction intermediate consisting of a carbonyl or formate group determines yields of the fuel source during catalytic reactions. However, their selective initial surface reaction processes have been assumed without a fundamental understanding at the molecular level. Here, we report direct observations of spontaneous CO2 dissociation over the model rhodium (Rh) catalyst at 0.1 mbar CO2. The linear geometry of CO2 gas molecules turns into a chemically active bent-structure at the interface, which allows non-uniform charge transfers between chemisorbed CO2 and surface Rh atoms. By combining scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at near-ambient pressure, and computational calculations, we reveal strong evidence for chemical bond cleavage of O‒CO* with ordered intermediates structure formation of (2 × 2)-CO on an atomically flat Rh(111) surface at room temperature.