bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic Conductive Gels for Optically Manipulatable Microwave Stealth Structures
Authors: Song Wei‐Li , Zhang Ya‐Jing , Zhang Kai‐Lun , Wang Ke , Zhang Lu , Chen Li‐Li , Huang Yixing , Chen Mingji , Lei Hongshuai , Chen Haosen , Fang Daining 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSmart structures with manipulatable properties are highly demanded in many fields. However, there is a critical challenge in the pursuit of transparent windows that allow optical waves (wavelength of µm–nm) for transmitting while blocking microwave (wavelength of cm) in terms of absorbing electromagnetic energy, specifically for meeting the frequency requirement for the 5th generation (5G) mobile networks. For fundamentally establishing novel manipulatable microwave absorbing structures, here, new polymeric aqueous gels as both optically transparent materials and microwave absorbing materials are demonstrated, in which polar networks play significant roles in attenuating electromagnetic energy. By manipulating the hydrogen bonding networks, the resulting optically transparent solid‐state gels are able to offer the capabilities for absorbing microwaves. Interestingly, such gels can be switched into an optically opaque state via converting the amorphous state into a polycrystal state when the temperature is decreased. Such ionic conductive gels can endow the assembled sandwich windows with effective microwave absorbing capability in the range of 15–40 GHz, covering a branch of 5G frequency bands. The results highlight a new strategy for using ionic conductive gels to design and fabricate manipulatable microwave stealth structures for various applications.
Understanding Molecular Structures of Buried Interfaces in Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices Nondestructively with Sub‐Monolayer Sensitivity Using Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Xiao Minyu , Lu Tieyi , Lin Ting , Andre John S. , Chen Zhan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs performance of halide perovskite devices progresses, the device structure becomes more complex with more layers. Molecular interfacial structures between different layers play an increasingly important role in determining the overall performance in a halide perovskite device. However, current understanding of such interfacial structures at a molecular level nondestructively is limited, partially due to a lack of appropriate analytical tools to probe buried interfacial molecular structures in situ. Here, sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy, a state‐of‐the‐art nonlinear interface sensitive spectroscopy, is introduced to the halide perovskite research community and is presented as a powerful tool to understand molecule behavior at buried halide perovskite interfaces in situ. It is found that interfacial molecular orientations revealed by SFG can be directly correlated to halide perovskite device performance. Here how SFG can examine molecular structures (e.g., orientations) at the perovskite/hole transporting layer and perovskite/electron transporting layer interfaces is discussed. This will promote the use of SFG to investigate molecular structures of buried interfaces in various halide perovskite materials and devices in situ nondestructively with a sub‐monolayer interface sensitivity. Such research will help to elucidate structure–function relationships of buried interfaces, aiding in the rational design/development of halide perovskite materials/devices with improved performance.
Acute kidney injury and workload in a sample of California agricultural workers
Authors: Moyce Sally , Armitage Tracey , Mitchell Diane , Schenker Marc 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundKidney damage is associated with an increased workload in high ambient temperatures and may represent a pathway to chronic kidney disease of unknown origin in agricultural workers. We tested the associations of workload and heat with acute kidney dysfunction in California agricultural workers.MethodsWe recruited a convenience sample of 471 agricultural workers from 29 farms in California during two summer harvest seasons. The sustained 3‐minute maximum workload was estimated using accelerometer data collected from Actical monitors and individual heat load through elevations in core body temperature. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was defined by a change in serum creatinine of ≥0.3 mg/dL or ≥1.5 times the preshift creatinine over the course of the work shift. Associations between AKI and workload were modeled using logistic regression, controlling for demographic, physiologic, and occupational variables.ResultsOf the total, 357 workers (75.8%) had accelerometer readings in the moderate workload category, 93 (19.7%) had readings in the vigorous category. 177 (36%) had elevations of core body temperature ≥1°C; 72 workers (14.9%) demonstrated evidence of AKI after a single day of agricultural work. The workload category was associated with an increased adjusted odds of AKI (1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.05‐3.51). Piece‐rate work was also associated with increased adjusted odds of AKI (3.02; 95% CI, 1.44‐6.34).ConclusionsHeavy occupational workload and piece‐rate work were associated with acute effects on the renal health of agricultural workers. This indicates that occupations requiring high physical effort put workers at risk for AKI, possibly independent of ambient and core body temperature. Changes to agricultural practices may reduce the risk of renal disorders for these workers.
Solvent‐Vapor‐Induced Reversible Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Transformation of a Triphosphaazatriangulene‐Based Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Nakatsuka Soichiro , Watanabe Yusuke , Kamakura Yoshinobu , Horike Satoshi , Tanaka Daisuke , Hatakeyama Takuji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA triphosphaazatriangulene (H3L) was synthesized through an intramolecular triple phospha‐Friedel–Crafts reaction. The H3L triangulene contains three phosphinate groups and an extended π‐conjugated framework, which enables the stimuli‐responsive reversible transformation of [Cu(HL)(DMSO)⋅(MeOH)]n, a 3D‐MOF that exhibits reversible sorption characteristics, into (H3L⋅0.5 [Cu2(OH)4⋅6 H2O] ⋅4 H2O), a 1D‐columnar assembled proton‐conducting material. The hydrophilic nature of the latter resulted in a proton conductivity of 5.5×10−3 S cm−1 at 95 % relative humidity and 60 °C.
From Solid‐Solution Electrodes and the Rocking‐Chair Concept to Today's Batteries
Authors: Zhang Heng , Li Chunmei , Eshetu Gebrekidan Gebresilassie , Laruelle Stéphane , Grugeon Sylvie , Zaghib Karim , Julien Christian , Mauger Alain , Guyomard Dominique , Rojo Teófilo , Gisbert‐Trejo Nuria , Passerini Stefano , Huang Xuejie , Zhou Zhibin , Johansson Patrik , Forsyth Maria 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have become ubiquitous power sources for small electronic devices, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage systems. Despite the success of LIBs which is acknowledged by their increasing commodity market, the historical evolution of the chemistry behind the LIB technologies is laden with obstacles and yet to be unambiguously documented. This Viewpoint outlines chronologically the most essential findings related to today's LIBs, including commercial electrode and electrolyte materials, but furthermore also depicts how the today popular and widely emerging solid‐state batteries were instrumental at very early stages in the development of LIBs.
Pistacia atlantica leaf extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial effects under in vitro condition
Authors: Hamelian Mona , Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Shahmohammadi Azin , Varmira Kambiz , Veisi Hojat 
Published: November 2019

Recently, researchers have investigated the therapeutical properties of metal nanoparticles especially silver nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo conditions. The aim of the experiment was green synthesis and chemical characterization of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Pistacia atlantica leaf (Ag NPs) and evaluation of their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects under in vitro condition. Ag NPs were spherical with a size range of 40‐60 nm and characterized using various analysis techniques including UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy to determine the presence of Ag NP in the solution. We studied functional groups of Pistacia atlantica extract in the reduction and capping process of Ag NP by FT‐IR, crystallinity and FCC planes by XRD pattern, elemental analysis of the sample by EDS, and surface morphology, shapes, and size of Ag NPs by SEM, AFM, and TEM. Destroy initiation and termination temperatures of the Ag NPs were determined by TGA. DPPH free radical scavenging test was done to evaluate the antioxidant potentials, which indicated similar antioxidant potentials for Ag NPs and butylated hydroxytoluene. The synthesized Ag NPs had great cell viability dose‐dependently and indicated this method was nontoxic. Agar diffusion tests were done to determine the antibacterial characteristic. Ag NPs revealed similar antibacterial property to the standard antibiotic. Also, Ag NPs prevented the growth of all bacteria at 1‐7 μg/ml concentrations and removed them at 3‐15 μg/ml concentrations. Finally, synthesized Ag NPs revealed non‐cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antibacterial activities in a dose‐depended manner.
Nrf2 mediates the antinociceptive activity of dexmedetomidine in an acute inflammatory visceral pain rat model by activating the NF‐κB sensor
Authors: Lan Jiangli , Zheng Jianqiu , Feng Jifeng , Peng Wei 
Published: November 2019

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective α2 adrenoceptor agonist. In this study, we evaluated the antalgic effect of DEX on acetic acid–induced acute inflammatory visceral pain (AIVP) in rats. Additionally, we evaluated the role of Nrf2 signalling in antinociception. We administered acetic acid to male Sprague Dawley rats that were treated with DEX or saline. Twenty rats were randomly classified into the following groups: normal, model, vehicle, or DEX group. Both q‐RT PCR and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay data suggested that interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), tumour necrosis factor α, and IL‐6 were upregulated in the spinal cord. Western blotting and q‐RT PCR analyses were performed to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, Keap1, and HO‐1 in the spinal cord. The DEX group exhibited a significant downregulation in Nrf2/Keap1/HO‐1 signal activation compared with the model group. Furthermore, we used the Nrf2‐/‐ knockout AIVP rat model to determine the role of Nrf2 in the antinociceptive effect of DEX. We observed that the Nrf2 knockout blocked the Keap1/Nrf2/HO‐1 signal transduction and partially abated the antinociceptive and the anti‐inflammatory effects of DEX. Moreover, our data also indicated that DEX treatment decreased the activation and expression of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB. However, Nrf2 silencing restored the expression of NF‐κB and its phosphorylated form to physiological levels. In summary, our results suggested that Nrf2 signalling plays an important role in the antinociceptive effect of DEX in the AIVP rat model and that Nrf2 exerts its function by enhancing the activation of the NF‐κB sensor.Significance of the studyCurrently, using the behavioural parameters is not adequate for the diagnosis of AIVP, and there are no studies that have investigated the role and the mechanism of DEX in ameliorating visceral pain. In this study, we demonstrated that acetic acid stimulation in rats induces AIVP. Additionally, the administration of DEX inhibited the acute inflammation response and decreased the visceromotor reaction (behavioural) to algesia. Further, DEX inhibited the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, which was activated by acetic acid treatment. We suggest that suppressing the inflammatory response could partially regulate the antinociceptive effect of DEX through Nrf2‐mediated NF‐κB activation associated with AIVP.
Hybridization of ZSM‐5 with Spinel Oxides for Biomass Vapour Upgrading
Authors: Atanda Luqman , Batalha Nuno , Stark Terra , Tabulo Ben , Perkins Greg , Wang Zhiliang , Odedairo Taiwo , Wang Lianzhou , Konarova Muxina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, we report catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass using multifunctional hybrid spinel‐oxide@zeolite catalysts prepared by using the steam‐assisted crystallization (SAC) method to create the mesoporous zeolite followed by urea hydrolysis of metal nitrates to deposit spinel‐oxides. This hybrid catalyst was quite effective in the deoxygenation of pinewood sawdust pyrolysis vapours, while avoiding over cracking of the lignin precursors, which are already ideal as chemical and fuel precursors. In the first step, multiple spinel oxides MgB2O4 (where B=Fe, Al, Ce, Ga, Cr) were screened as catalysts for the pyrolysis of pinewood sawdust and the resultant bio‐oil (bio‐oil on the water‐free basis) was assessed in terms of carbon efficiency, oxygen content and chemical composition. While all the tested spinel oxides deoxygenated the pyrolysis vapour, MgAl2O4 and MgFe2O4 were found to provide a well‐balanced deoxygenation degree and producing bio‐oil with acceptable carbon efficiency. Catalytic activity and product distribution were affected by the density and strength of the acid sites of the spinel oxides. Subsequently, CFP over MgFe2O4@ZSM5 and MgAl2O4@ZSM5 was investigated under similar condition. The better performance of the hybrid catalyst was attributed to the deposition of small particles of MgFe2O4 in the external surface of the zeolite. The presence of this spinel oxide on the external surface depolymerized bulky oxygenates to lighter fractions that could easily access the active sites within the mesoporous structure of the zeolite, thus providing the catalytic function needed for the oxygen removal after aromatic ring saturation.
PNPN‐H in Comparison to other PNP, PNPN and NPNPN Ligands for the Chromium Catalyzed Selective Ethylene Oligomerization
Authors: Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMany examples exist for the chromium catalyzed selective ethylene oligomerization in which the influence of ligands is essential for the formation of products. Regarding the tri‐ and tetramerization to 1‐hexene or 1‐octene mostly PNP ligands are responsible for the tetra‐ and some of such modified ligands for the trimerization. A very special case in these reactions are PNPN−H ligands, showing in most cases highly selective trimerization of ethylene to 1‐hexene. In this review all existing published information about these PNPN−H ligands is accumulated and compared to some other related PNP, PNPN and NPNPN ligands in the chromium catalyzed selective ethylene oligomerization with respect to the switch from tetra‐ to trimerization and back by different substituent pattern of PNP ligand. Mechanistic information and arguments are collected to explain the switch from tetra‐ to trimerization and back by substitution of functional groups in classical PNP to PNPN−H ligands as a result of mono‐ and dinuclear catalytic species.
Coordination‐Cage‐Catalysed Hydrolysis of Organophosphates: Cavity‐ or Surface‐Based?
Authors: Taylor Christopher G. P. , Metherell Alexander J. , Argent Stephen P. , Ashour Fatma M. , Williams Nicholas H. , Ward Michael D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe hydrophobic central cavity of a water‐soluble M8L12 cubic coordination cage can accommodate a range of phospho‐diester and phospho‐triester guests such as the insecticide “dichlorvos” (2,2‐dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) and the chemical warfare agent analogue di(isopropyl) chlorophosphate. The accumulation of hydroxide ions around the cationic cage surface due to ion‐pairing in solution generates a high local pH around the cage, resulting in catalysed hydrolysis of the phospho‐triester guests. A series of control experiments unexpectedly demonstrates that—in marked contrast to previous cases—it is not necessary for the phospho‐triester substrates to be bound inside the cavity for catalysed hydrolysis to occur. This suggests that catalysis can occur on the exterior surface of the cage as well as the interior surface, with the exterior‐binding catalysis pathway dominating here because of the small binding constants for these phospho‐triester substrates in the cage cavity. These observations suggest that cationic but hydrophobic surfaces could act as quite general catalysts in water by bringing substrates into contact with the surface (via the hydrophobic effect) where there is also a high local concentration of anions (due to ion pairing/electrostatic effects).
Eu(O2C‐C≡C‐CO2): An EuII Containing Anhydrous Coordination Polymer with High Stability and Negative Thermal Expansion
Authors: Gramm Verena K. , Smets Daniel , Grzesiak Ireneus , Block Theresa , Pöttgen Rainer , Suta Markus , Wickleder Claudia , Lorenz Thomas , Ruschewitz Uwe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnhydrous EuII–acetylenedicarboxylate (EuADC; ADC2− = −O2C‐C≡C‐CO2−) was synthesized by reaction of EuBr2 with K2ADC or H2ADC in degassed water under oxygen‐free conditions. EuADC crystallizes in the SrADC type structure (I41/amd, Z=4) forming a 3D coordination polymer with a diamond‐like arrangement of Eu2+ nodes (msw topology including the connecting ADC2− linkers). Deep orange coloured EuADC is stable in air and starts decomposing upon heating in an argon atmosphere only at 440 °C. Measurements of the magnetic susceptibilities (μeff=7.76 μB) and 151Eu Mössbauer spectra (δ=−13.25 mm s−1 at 78 K) confirm the existence of Eu2+ cations. Diffuse reflectance spectra indicate a direct optical band gap of Eg=2.64 eV (470 nm), which is in accordance with the orange colour of the material. Surprisingly, EuADC does not show any photoluminescence under irradiation with UV light of different wavelengths. Similar to SrADC, EuADC exhibits a negative thermal volume expansion below room temperature with a volume expansion coefficient αV=−9.4(12)×10−6 K−1.
Adaptive cooperative sensing in cognitive radio networks with ensemble model for primary user detection
Authors: Prasad Venkata Vara , Rao Polipalli Trinatha 
Published: November 2019

SummaryOpportunistic spectrum sharing ability enables higher spectrum utilization in cognitive radio networks. Detecting the presence of primary user in the network is the most important functionality in cognitive radio network as the cognitive users cannot use the spectrum with interference to primary users. Most solutions proposed for primary user detection suffer from hidden terminal problem resulting from multipath fading and shadow effects. The work focus on Rayleigh and Nakagami fading channel with comparable nonfading AWGN channel in cognitive radio. An ensemble model to detect the presence of primary user with high confidence is proposed in this work. The approach is based on training machine learning models with energy vectors in presence and absence of primary users. The trained model is then used to predict the primary user based on the energy vector.
Investigating the environmental drivers of deep‐seafloor biodiversity: A case study of peracarid crustacean assemblages in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Ashford Oliver S. , Kenny Andrew J. , Barrio Froján Christopher R. S. , Horton Tammy , Rogers Alex D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe deep‐sea benthos covers over 90% of seafloor area and hosts a great diversity of species which contribute toward essential ecosystem services. Evidence suggests that deep‐seafloor assemblages are structured predominantly by their physical environment, yet knowledge of assemblage/environment relationships is limited. Here, we utilized a very large dataset of Northwest Atlantic Ocean continental slope peracarid crustacean assemblages as a case study to investigate the environmental drivers of deep‐seafloor macrofaunal biodiversity. We investigated biodiversity from a phylogenetic, functional, and taxonomic perspective, and found that a wide variety of environmental drivers, including food availability, physical disturbance (bottom trawling), current speed, sediment characteristics, topographic heterogeneity, and temperature (in order of relative importance), significantly influenced peracarid biodiversity. We also found deep‐water peracarid assemblages to vary seasonally and interannually. Contrary to prevailing theory on the drivers of deep‐seafloor diversity, we found high topographic heterogeneity (at the hundreds to thousands of meter scale) to negatively influence assemblage diversity, while broadscale sediment characteristics (i.e., percent sand content) were found to influence assemblages more than sediment particle‐size diversity. However, our results support other paradigms of deep‐seafloor biodiversity, including that assemblages may vary inter‐ and intra‐annually, and how assemblages respond to changes in current speed. We found that bottom trawling negatively affects the evenness and diversity of deep‐sea soft‐sediment peracarid assemblages, but that predicted changes in ocean temperature as a result of climate change may not strongly influence continental slope biodiversity over human timescales, although it may alter deep‐sea community biomass. Finally, we emphasize the value of analyzing multiple metrics of biodiversity and call for researchers to consider an expanded definition of biodiversity in future investigations of deep‐ocean life.
Environmental DNA for detecting Bulinus truncatus: A new environmental surveillance tool for schistosomiasis emergence risk assessment
Authors: Mulero Stephen , Boissier Jérôme , Allienne Jean‐François , Quilichini Yann , Foata Joséphine , Pointier Jean‐Pierre , Rey Olivier 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnder ongoing climate changes, the development of large‐scale monitoring tools for assessing the risk of disease emergence constitutes an urging challenge. This is particularly the case for snail‐borne diseases such as the urogenital bilharziasis that emerged in Corsica and threat European countries. The expansion of this tropical disease mainly relies on the local presence of competent snail hosts such as Bulinus truncatus. Unfortunately, very little is known about the actual repartition of freshwater snails worldwide which makes new emergences difficult to predict. In this study, we developed two ready‐to‐use environmental DNA‐based methods for assessing the distribution of B. truncatus from water samples collected in the field. We used two approaches, a quantitative PCR (qPCR) and a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) approach. We successfully detected B. truncatus in natural environments where the snail was previously visually reported. Our environmental DNA diagnostic methods showed a high sensitivity (≈60 DNA copy per mL of filtered water) and a high specificity to B. truncatus. Results obtained in qPCR and ddPCR were very similar. This study demonstrates that environmental DNA diagnostics tools enable a sensitive large‐scale monitoring of snail‐borne diseases hence allowing the delimitation of areas potentially threatened by urogenital schistosomiasis.