bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TOPICAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY HERBAL GEL
Authors: MAHENDRA A GIRI  , RASIKA D BHALKE  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present investigation aims at development and evaluation of herbal anti-inflammatory gel using of methanolic extract from Emblica officinalis fruits (MEEOF) and Aegle marmelos fruits (MEAMF).
Methods: The gels were prepared using Carbopol 934, various concentrations of MEEOF, MEAMF, propylene glycol 400, methylparaben, propylparaben, and required amount of distilled water. Then, skin pH (6.8-7) was maintained by dropwise addition of triethanolamine. Prepared formulations were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, viscosity and homogeneity, skin irritation on animal model (rabbit), and anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model on albino Wistar rats of either sex (150–200 g). Change in edema volume of the rat hind paw was measured, and percent inhibition was calculated. ICH guidelines have followed for stability studies.
Results: Results reveal that gel showed good appearance, homogeneity, and spreadability. Viscosity is ranging between 4200 and 4500 centipoises. All formulations have shown no skin irritation to animals. Formulations F4 and F5 significantly inhibited the inflammation to the extent of 56.66%, 61.66% at 3 h and 59.21%, 63.15% at 4 h, respectively, while the reference drug reduced the inflammation by 66.66% at 3 h and 76.31% at 4 h. The preparation was stable under normal storage conditions and did not produce any skin irritation, i.e., erythema and edema when applied over the skin on storage.
Conclusion: It was concluded that anti-inflammatory effect of F4 and F5 was comparable to standard.
AN AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OF DRUGS FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS IN A NORTH INDIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE
Authors: ASHWANI UMMAT  , RANJODH JEET SINGH  , SONIA KOCHHAR  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study is to analyze the prescription pattern of drugs for osteoarthritis (OA) in a north Indian medical college collaborated with a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: An observational study was conducted on 300 patients diagnosed with OA in the department of orthopedics in collaboration with the department of pharmacology, and thus, prescription was collected as in a cross-sectional manner for 6 months and the same were analyzed in the Department of Orthopedics in tertiary care hospital collaborated with medical college.
Results: The average age of patients participating in this present study was 56.46±7.4 years with affected age group of 46-60 years. 60 % of females were affected by osteoarthritis outnumbering male (40 %) patients in this present study. The most commonly involved joint was knee joint (87.33 %) in patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis followed by back (6.67 %) and hip joint (6%). The combination therapy (90 %) outweighed monotherapy (10 %) with preferred route of drug administration as oral route (90 %) followed by topical route (10 %). The average number of drugs prescribed for patients of osteoarthritis was 2.62±0.76. This present study concludes that NSAIDs (45.8%) were prescribed most commonly. However, the drug paracetamol was lesser prescribed and other drugs such as Diclofenac (27.22 %) and acetaminophen (34.44 %) most of all followed by Nimesulide (16.67 %), ibuprofen (13.33 %) and Rofecoxib/valdecoxib (8.33 %) were prescribed.
Conclusion: This present study concludes that NSAIDs were most commonly prescribed as p-drugs while paracetamol was undermined prescribed.
Development DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF NOVEL ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF DALFAMPRIDINE IN BULK AND IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Authors: VAIBHAV S KHODKE  , GAME MD  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study is to develop ultraviolet (UV)-spectroscopic method using pure drug and tablet dosage form that consistently produces a drug with a minimal variation that adheres to quality criteria of purity, identity, and potency.
Methods: UV-spectrophotometric method has been developed using a solvent composed of methanol:water (30:70) as a diluent to determine the dalfampridine (DFP) content in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form at predetermined λmax of 262 nm.
Results: It was proved linear in the range of 02–12 μg/ml and exhibited a good correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.9915) and excellent mean recovery (0.004136347%). This method was successfully applied to the determination of DFP content of marketed tablet Dalstep 10 mg (Sun Pharmaceutical Pvt. Ltd.,) from India; the results were in good agreement with the label claims.
Conclusion: The method proved to be simple, accurate, precise, specific, robust, and less time consuming and can be applied for the determination of DFP in bulk and marketed formulation.
EFFECTS OF A TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC AND THROMBOXANE A2 SYNTHASE INHIBITOR DRUG COMBINATION ON ALBUMIN AND TOTAL PROTEIN LEVEL WITH DIFFERENT DOSES IN RATS
Authors: MUHAMMAD IRFAN BASHIR  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the combined as well as individual effects of a typical antipsychotic and thromboxane A2 synthase inhibitor on albumin and total protein level with minimum and maximum dose comparison in rats.
Methods: This study consisted of 100 albino rats of 300 to 340 g from both gender, there were 10 groups, each contained 10 rats (n=10). Rats were treated with defined dose of zuclopenthixol (Zuclo) and ozagrel (Ozg) for 21 days (3 weeks). Blood samples were collected at 0, 7th, 14th, and 21st days of study. Albumin and total protein level were examined from blood samples using standard laboratory procedure. Results are extracted by applying statistical analysis on data and comparing percentage variation from 0-day value.
Results: A typical antipsychotic-treated group showed gradually significant increase in albumin and total protein level, TXA2 synthase inhibitor-treated group also showed significant gradually increase in albumin and total protein level in combination groups, they showed highly significant increase p<0.001 in both parameter with maximum dose.
Conclusion: Combination treatment with zuclopenthixol (Zuclo) and ozagrel (Ozg) can cause large increase on albumin and total protein level with maximum dose as compare to individual drug treatment.
CYTOGENETIC BIOMONITORING AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON CAR SPRAY PAINTERS IN ENUGU METROPOLIS, ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ANULIKA ONYEMELUKWE  , PETER ACHUKWU  , NKIRUKA AZUBUIKE  , UZOAMAKA MADUAKOR  , OKECHUKWU ONWUKWE  
Published: October 2019

Objective: This study assessed the cytogenetic damage associated with occupational exposure to paints by evaluating exfoliated buccal epithelial cells from car spray painters in Enugu metropolis using some biological markers.
Methods: A total of 352 apparently healthy males, comprising 200 car spray painters and a control group of 152 individuals, participated in the study. Buccal smears were obtained from each participant and were stained using hematoxylin and eosin technique. A total of 1000 cells per individual were scored under light microscopy to determine the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and binucleate cells (BNC). Structured questionnaires were used to obtain relevant participant information. Expression patterns of Ki-67and p53 genes on the buccal cells were determined by immunocytochemical methods.
Results: Car spray painters had significantly increased frequencies of MN and BNC (*p<0.05) when compared to the control subjects. Paint sprayers aged over 35 years had higher buccal cell MN frequency when compared to those <25 years. Furthermore, car spray painters who have worked for ≥15 years had higher frequencies of MN when compared to those who had worked for <5 years (*p<0.05). Smoking and alcohol consumption increased the MN frequency of the car spray painters (*p<0.05). There was no expression of p53 and Ki-67 genes in the buccal cells of both control and exposed subjects.
Conclusion: Car spray painters in Enugu metropolis may be occupationally exposed to substances capable of inducing genotoxic changes which manifested as increased frequency of MN in their buccal cells.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE OF GENERIC DRUGS AMONG DOCTORS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: PRASAD M  , CHAKRABORTY A  , DEEP N  
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Generic medicines constitute an important aspect of affordable health care. “JAN AUSHADHI” campaign was started by the Government of India in 2008 to support generic prescriptions. Recently, medical council of India had requested all clinicians for generic prescriptions. With this background, this study was undertaken to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of generic medicines among doctors.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional, prospective, questionnaire-based study. After obtaining institute permission, validated questionnaires were distributed to different clinical departments at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru. With gentle reminders in between, filled forms were collected after 7 days.
Results: Mean age of the participants was 29.05±17.81 years. Out of 250 questionnaires distributed, 156 were returned back without responding. The response rate was 62.4%. Out of 156, 35 (22.43%) were intern medical officers, 89 (57.05%) were post-graduates, and 32 (20.51%) were faculty members. Regarding knowledge, the mean score was 6.24±0.17. 52 (33.33%) participants had good knowledge, 73 (46.79%) had average knowledge, and 31 (19.87%) had poor knowledge about generic medicines. Generics were prescribed by 90 (57.69%) participants. Most of the clinicians (66.02%) felt that prescribing in generics is not a burden on them provided government ensured the quality control of drugs. 121 (77.56%) stated that the socioeconomic status of the patient is an important factor while prescribing generics. 136 (87.17%) felt that generics bring down the treatment costs.
Conclusion: This study shows that participants were well aware about generic drugs. As opined by the clinicians, a national level online reference must be made available.
Using New Means of Technology during the Penal Proceedings in Romania
Authors: Magherescu Delia 
Published: October 2019

The new legal framework created since 2014 while the new Code of penal procedure entered into force in Romania has opened a different way of approaching the justice in criminal matters. In such a legal context the judicial bodies are more accustomed with the idea of using the new means of technology in such a way not to infringe the parties' procedural rights during the penal trial knowing the fact that using illegal protocols signed by the prosecutor offices with the Romanian Intelligence Service was prohibited by the Constitutional Court of Romania. In the current paper, a qualitative research has been carried out on both legislative and jurisprudence items regarding the new means of technologies currently used in the penal justice. The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the effect of the new means of technology including the use of digital evidence which occur in the penal trial in Romania as well as to discuss the legal consequences they produce in practice. Some practical points of view have been highlighted taking into account the new means of technologies' efficiency. Moreover, in order to improve the penal procedure into force certain proposals of de lege ferenda have been provided.
Review: Rivera, Iñaki. Decarceration, principles for a public policy of reduction of the prison reduction (from a radical guarantism), Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch, 2017, 252 p.
Authors: Cuneo Silvio 
Published: October 2019

Resenha de Rivera, Iñaki.Decarceration, principles for a public policy of reduction of the prison reduction (from a radical guarantism), Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch, 2017, 252 p.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA, LOYALITAS, DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIR TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN YAYASAN RAUDLATUL QUR`AN BATAM
Authors: Marjanuardi Leti , Ratnasari Sri Langgeng 
Published: October 2019

<p><em>The purpose of this study is to study work motivation, increase loyalty to employee performance, improve career performance, and improve work discipline, loyalty, career development on the employee performance of the Batam Raudlatul Qurʻan Foundation. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. Techniques collect data using a questionnaire. The study population was 49 employees with a sample of 49 employees, all of whom were selected, using saturated samples. The results showed that work discipline value t count 2.043&gt; 1.679 tables with a significant value of 0.048 &lt;0.05, meaning that the work discipline is significant towards employee performance variables (Y), loyalty variables value t 0.410 &lt;1.679 t table with a significant 0.684&gt; 0, 05, means that the work discipline is of insignificant importance to variable employee performance (Y), career development variable value of t arithmetic 1.776&gt; 1.679 t table with a significant of 0.684&gt; 0.05, meaning career development is not significant towards employee performance variable (Y), and F test results (simultaneous) 2,722 (F count) &lt;2,81 (F table) and significant probability value of 0,055&gt; 0,05 means that work discipline, loyalty, and career development are simultaneously significant towards employee performance variables.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan, pengaruh loyalitas terhadap kinerja karyawan, pengaruh pengembangan karir terhadap kinerja karyawan, dan pengaruh disiplin kerja, loyalitas, pengembangan karir terhadap kinerja karyawan Yayasan Raudlatul Qur`an Batam. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Populasi penelitian ini 49 karyawan dengan sampel 49 karyawan, yang dipilih secara keseluruhan, memakai sampling jenuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan disiplin kerja nilai t hitung 2,043 &gt; 1,679 tabel dengan signifikan sebesar 0,048 &lt; 0,05, berarti disiplin kerja berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variabel kinerja karyawan (Y), variabel loyalitas nilai t hitung 0,410 &lt; 1,679 t tabel dengan signifikan sebesar 0,684 &gt; 0,05, berarti disiplin kerja berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap variabel kinerja karyawan (Y), variabel pengembangan karir nilai t hitung 1,776 &gt; 1,679 t tabel dengan signifikan sebesar 0,684&gt; 0,05, berarti pengembangan karir berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap variabel kinerja karyawan (Y), dan hasil uji F (simultan) 2,722 (F hitung) &lt; 2,81 (F tabel) dan nilai probalitas signifikan sebesar 0,055 &gt; 0,05 berarti disiplin kerja, loyalitas, dan pengembangan karir berpengaruh signifikan secara simultan terhadap variabel kinerja karyawan.</p><p><em><br /></em></p>
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, dan Growth Terhadap Kebijakan Deviden Pada Perusahaan Property, Real Estate, and Building Contruction yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Afriyeni Afriyeni , Deas Kartika 
Published: October 2019

<em>The purpose of this research is to test the influence of Profitability variable by using Return On Asset (ROA), Leverage by using Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Growth variable by using Asset Growth (AG), to the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) on companies Property, Real Estate, and Building Construction are listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2013-2017 periods. In this research, the data used was obtained from the official IDX website</em>. <em>This research was included in explanatory research using a quantitative approach. The data analysis method used is regression analysis in panel data with the help of application E-Views 8. Panel data regression can be estimated using three models, namely Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM). From the result of the estimation model, it is found that REM is the best model in this study. The result showed that the profitability has a positive and significant effect on Dividend Payout Ratio, Leverage has a positive and significant effect on Dividend Payout Ratio, while Growth has a negative and hasn’t significant effect on Dividend Payout Ratio</em><div><em><br /></em></div><div><em>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh variabel Profitabilitas dengan menggunakan <em>Return On Asset</em> (ROA), <em>Leverage</em> dengan menggunakan <em>Debt to Equity Ratio</em> (DER), dan variabel <em>Growth</em> dengan menggunakan <em>Asset Growth</em> (AG), terhadap Kebijakan Deviden dengan menggunakan <em>Dividend Payout Ratio</em> (DPR) pada perusahaan <em>Property, Real Estate, and Building Contruction</em> terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2013-2017. Dalam penelitian ini data yang digunakan diperoleh dari situs web resmi BEI. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian penjelasan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi data panel dengan bantuan aplikasi E-Views 8. Data panel regresi dapat diperkirakan menggunakan tiga model, yaitu <em>Common Effect Model</em> (CEM), <em>Fixed Effect Model</em> (FEM), dan <em>Random Effect Model</em> ( REM). Dari hasil model estimasi, ditemukan bahwa REM adalah model terbaik dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kebijakan Deviden, <em>leverage</em> berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap<em> </em>Kebijakan Deviden, sedangkan pertumbuhan berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap Kebijakan Deviden</em></div>
PENGARUH REKRUTMEN, SELEKSI, PENEMPATAN KERJA DAN KUALITAS SDM TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA (Studi Pada Karyawan Bank Syariah Mandiri Kantor Cabang Padang)
Authors: Syafitri Tari JN , Chairoel Lucy 
Published: October 2019

<p><em>This study aims to determine the effect of recruitment, selection, work placement and quality of human resources on work productivity on employees of Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Padang. The population and sample in this study are 80 employees, the sampling technique is called population research or census where if the population is smaller than 100 respondents, all of them should be taken as samples. The data analysis technique used is the multiple linear regression method using the SPSS 23.0 program. From the results of the study found partially the recruitment, selection and placement of work have a significant and positive effect on work productivity while the quality of human resources partially does not significantly influence work productivity. However, simultaneously recruitment, selection, work placement and quality of human resources have a significant effect on work productivity.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rekrutmen, seleksi, penempatan kerja dan kualitas SDM terhadap produktivitas kerja pada karyawan Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Padang. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian iniberjumlah 80 karyawan, teknik pengambilan sampelnya disebut penelitian populasi atau sensus, dimanaapabila populasi lebih kecil dari 100 responden hendaknya semuanya diambil sebagai sampel. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah metode Regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan program SPSS 23,0. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan secara parsial rekrutmen, seleksi dan penempatan kerja berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap produktivitas kerja sedangkan kualitas SDM secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas kerja. Namun, secara simultan rekrutmen, seleksi, penempatan kerja dan kualitas SDM berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas kerja.</em></p>
Limbah Tulang Ikan Tenggiri (Scomberomorus guttatus) Sebagai Sumber Kalsium Pada Pembuatan Hidroksiapatit
Authors: Anggresani Lia , Perawati Santi , Juni Rahayu Ica 
Published: October 2019

<p><em>Tulang ikan tenggiri (Scomberomorus guttatus) merupakan suatu bentuk sisa dari pengolahan ikan yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan, dimana tulang ikan memiliki kandungan kalsium dan fosfor. Tulang ikan dapat dibuat biomaterial hidroksiapatit. Hidroksiapatit banyak diaplikasikan untuk implan tulang dan gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pembuatan hidroksiapatit dari tulang ikan tenggiri (Scomberomorus guttatus) dengan metode sol-gel. Tulang ikan direndam menggunakan NaOH dan aseton lalu furnace suhu 8000C selama 3 jam untuk mendapatkan bubuk CaO. CaO ditambahkan HCl hingga didapatkan endapan. Endapan ditambahkan etanol dan H3PO4 sampai terbentuk gel yang kemudian dioven dan di furnace pada suhu 6000C, 7000C dan 8000C. Bubuk yang didapat diperiksa dengan Difraksi Sinar-X, Mikroskopi pemindaian elektron dan pemeriksaan ukuran partikel. Hasil difraksi Sinar-X pada suhu 6000C didapatkan senyawa hidroksiapatit yang sesuai dengan standar ICSD no 01-074-9780 dimana intensitas tinggi terletak pada sudut 2Ɵ 32,84o; 31,53o; 25,86o; dan 27,95o dengan bentuk kristal heksagonal. Pada suhu 7000C didapatkan senyawa tricalcium bis ortophosphate dan suhu 8000C senyawa β-TCP dengan bentuk rombohedral. Morfologi berupa bongkahan dengan pembesaran 150x. Hasil analisa PSA didapat ukuran partikel 1,394 µm. Kesimpulan penelitian ini tulang ikan tenggiri dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber kalsium pada pembuatan hidroksiapatit pada suhu 600oC.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em><em>Mackerel fish bones (Scomberomorus guttatus) is a residual form of fish processing that has not been widely used, where fish bones contain calcium and phosphorus. Fishbones can be made of hydroxyapatite biomaterial. Hydroxyapatite is widely applied for bone and dental implants. The purpose of this study was to determine the production of hydroxyapatite from mackerel fish bones (Scomberomorus guttatus) using the sol-gel method. Fishbones were soaked using NaOH and acetone and then furnace at 800oC for 3 hours to get CaO powder. CaO is added with HCl until a precipitate is obtained. The precipitate was added with ethanol and H3PO4 to form a gel which was then roasted and furnace at temperatures of 6000C, 7000C and 8000C. The obtained powder was examined by X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and particle size analyzer. X-ray diffraction results at a temperature of 6000C obtained hydroxyapatite compounds following ICSD standard No. 01-074-9780 where high intensity is located at an angle of 2Ɵ 32.84o; 31.53o; 25.86o; and 27.95 o with hexagonal crystal shape. At 7000C, tricalcium bis orthophosphate was obtained and at 8000C the β-TCP compound was in rhombohedral form. Morphology in the form of chunks with 150x magnification. The results of the PSA analysis obtained a particle size of 1.394 µm. This research concludes that mackerel fish bones can be used as a source of calcium in the synthesis hydroxyapatite at 600oC.</em></em></p>