bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of Vision Rehabilitation Therapists in the 21st Century
Authors: Connors Elyse , Lee Helen 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Vision rehabilitation therapists (VRTs) carry out many specific job tasks. This study seeks to better understand the VRT profession by organizing many tasks into a few specific roles in which VRT practitioners are involved. Methods: Using the results of the 2017 online survey, a principle component analysis was carried out to extract clusters of specific job tasks. The reliability of the resulting job role constructs was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Results from this analysis are compared to a similar analysis of VRT job roles conducted 28 years ago. Results: Four job roles are extracted from the survey’s frequency data: (1) teaching activities, (2) case management, (3) technology, and (4) low vision and assessment. Seventy specific job tasks are retained under the four roles. Discussion: Extracted job roles of teaching and case management are similar to Leja’s (1990) findings, indicating that these roles remain important aspects of the VRT job. Two new roles have emerged since Leja’s examination, and they are related to technology and low vision and assessment. The advancement, availability, and affordability of technologies and low vision interventions has increased the need for teaching the use of access technologies across the daily living spectrum. The availability of low vision devices has expanded the role of the VRT in the provision of functional low vision assessments, strategies for reading and daily tasks, appropriate use of optical and nonoptical aids, and environmental assessment for safety and optimal visual performance. Implications for practitioners: VRT survey participants are performing additional job roles in technology and low vision and assessment. This presents challenges related to resources and training for practitioners who already provide instruction across a broad set of skill domains. Issues include access to new technologies, adequate time to learn new devices and software, and standardized assessment tools.
Discriminable Height Differences of Raised Lines
Authors: Toyoda Wataru , Miyamoto Ryo , Oouchi Susumu , Inoue Takenobu 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the discriminable height differences of raised lines printed on paper, as assessed by people who are blind, with or without years of tactile experience. Methods: Ten younger and 10 older tactile readers with blindness and with rich tactile experience; and 10 blindfolded, older, sighted participants with little tactile experience discriminated paired raised-line stimuli of different heights using the fingers of their preferred hand by active touch in a psychophysical experiment. Results: There was a significant main effect of the height of the stimulus, F(2, 54) = 56.446, MS = .060, p < .001, [Formula: see text] = .676, [Formula: see text] = .341, and participant group, F(2, 27) = 13.717, MS = .064, p < .001, [Formula: see text] = .504, [Formula: see text] = .357; however, there was no significant main effect of the width of the lines, or any interactions. The younger and older tactile readers had virtually similar thresholds and Weber fractions, and they could discriminate paired stimuli more accurately and efficiently than the older, sighted participants. We provided the discriminable height data of the raised lines based on the mean and 95th percentile values of the Weber fractions. Discussion: The results indicate the importance of tactile experiences for height discrimination in active touch. For older persons with recently developed blindness, raised lines with larger height differences should be used. Information for practitioners: These data will be helpful for developing new braille embossers that can print raised-line graphics for people with visual impairments, with or without years of tactile experience.
Laboratory work in Science for the Blind
Authors: Burke Emily A. 
Published: June 2020

Many schools, for various reasons, find it necessary to go to considerable expense to accumulate and maintain nature and museum exhibits for the use of their pupils in science and art classes. The Western Pennsylvania School for the Blind, being located only two blacks from the Carnegie Library and Museum in Pittsburgh, is availing itself of the many opportunities offered by this proximity, rather than attempting the accumulation of a collection of its own. The teachers are urged to co-ordinate and supplement their work by actual and consistent use of the Museum exhibits. This has been facilitated by the whole-hearted cooperation of Miss Jane White, Assistant Curator of Education, and Mrs. Emily A. Burke, Docent in the Department of Education at the Museum. We feel that the establishment of library and museum habits in our pupils is also important, and so encourage them to seek these sources of information on their own initiative as well as in assigned classes. The use of Carnegie Museum exhibits by the science classes, under the direction of Mr. Fred A. Hunt, has inspired Mrs. Burke to set forth in the following article the ways and means by which she is rendering to us this valuable but gratuitous service. B. S. Joice, Superintendent, Western Pennsylvania School for the Blind.
Lessons in Scholarship
Authors: Wilkie William L. 
Published: June 2020

This article pays tribute to Professor Robert Lusch and his fine career as a scholar of Marketing. One prime element of Bob’s career is that he took on some very fundamental issues in the field of Marketing. On several occasions I got involved in these issues as well, leading to wonderful intellectual explorations. I’ve organized this piece to share details of three such explorations: I. Bob as Editor II. Bob as Theorist III. Bob as Overseer of the Field IV. Bob as a Fine Individual I reflect on some lessons learned in scholarly pursuit, and close with some personal ruminations about him.
Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR findings in chemotherapy-induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Ding Ying , Rao Sheng-xiang , Wang Wen-tao , Chen Cai-zhong , Li Ren-chen , Zeng Mengsu 
Published: June 2020

Background We assessed the clinical presentations, biomarkers, and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI features that were associated with oxaliplatin-induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) to detect chemotherapy-associated SOS in a timely manner. Methods Fifty-seven patients who underwent oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI were included. Post-oxaliplatin heterogeneity in liver parenchyma was scored on a grading scale of 0 to 3. Abnormal clinical findings, including splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, gall bladder wall thickening, and hepatic vein narrowing, were also assessed. Additionally, alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and platelet counts were measured. Results For SOS, 21 patients were scored grade 0, 24 were grade 1, seven were grade 2, and five were grade 3. Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, gall bladder wall thickening, and hepatic vein narrowing were significantly correlated with the grade for non-tumorous hepatic parenchymal heterogeneity. For laboratory findings, ALT and AST levels, the AST-to-platelet ratio index score, and platelet counts were significantly associated with a high grade (≥2) of non-tumorous hepatic parenchymal heterogeneity. Conclusions We assessed the clinical presentations, biomarkers, and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI features that were associated with oxaliplatin-induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) to detect chemotherapy-associated SOS in a timely manner. Additionally, specific laboratory findings were significantly associated with a high grade (≥2).
Fatigue in adults with primary antiphospholipid syndrome: findings from a mixed-methods study
Authors: Bearne Lindsay M , Bieles Julie , Georgopoulou Sofia , Andrews Josie , Tully Amy , Stolarchuk-Prowting Katrine , Williamson Tom , Suarez Beatriz Santana , Nel Louise , D’Cruz David , Lempp Heidi 
Published: June 2020

Objective This study aimed to explore the experience and impact of fatigue in adults with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (pAPS). Methods This sequential, explanatory mixed-methods study enrolled adults with a six-month or more history of pAPS. Consenting participants completed the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue subscale (FS), Multi-Dimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQMETS). Relationships between FS and other variables were explored with multiple linear regression. Interviews were conducted with a subgroup of participants, and the data were analysed thematically. Results A total of 103 participants were recruited ( Mage = 50.3 years; standard deviation = 10.1 years; 18 males). Of these, 62% reported severe fatigue. Greater fatigue was associated with lower mood, physical inactivity, poorer sleep quality and lower perceived social support. The best-fit model explained 56% of the variance in FS (adjusted R2 = 0.560, F(3, 74) = 33.65, p > 0.001) and included PHQ9 and IPAQMETS as significant predictors, and PSQI as a non-significant predictor. Twenty participants completed interviews. Three key themes were identified: characteristics of fatigue, impact on life and coping strategies. Conclusion Fatigue was a common symptom of pAPS and challenging to manage. Other factors, particularly mood and physical activity, influenced fatigue. Evidence-based self-management interventions are needed.
Predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-neutrophil ratio, and neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio in lupus nephritis
Authors: Liu Peng , Li Peiyuan , Peng Zhong , Xiang Yazhou , Xia Chenqi , Wu Juan , Yang Bo , He Zhangxiu 
Published: June 2020

Objective To evaluate the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR), platelet-to-monocyte ratio (PMR), and neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR) as predictors for lupus nephritis (LN) patients without infection or as biomarkers for distinguishing between infection or flare with LN patients. Methods LN patients were divided into three groups: LN without infection, LN with infection, and LN with flare. A total of 57 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. The differentiation was analyzed between LN without infection and control group, and LN with infection and LN with flare. Correlations among variables were assessed in the LN group without infection. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed in two comparable groups. Results NLR, PLR, and MLR were increased significantly in the LN group without infection as compared with those in healthy controls. NLR (area under the curve (AUC): 0.75) and MLR (AUC: 0.79) were useful for distinguishing between LN patients without infection and healthy subjects. In differentiating LN patients without infection from the controls, optimal cutoffs of NLR and MLR were 3.43 (sensitivity: 45.6%, specificity: 96.5%, and overall accuracy: 68.8%) and 0.24 (sensitivity: 75.0%, specificity: 73.7%, and overall accuracy: 73.6%), respectively. In addition, NLR ( r = 0.322, p = 0.011) and PLR ( r = 0.283, p = 0.026) were positively correlated with CRP. Importantly, NLR and NMR were increased while PNR was decreased in the LN group with infection in comparison with those in the LN group with flare. NLR (AUC: 0.80), NMR (AUC: 0.78), and PNR (AUC: 0.74) were useful in differentiating LN patients with infection and flare, and their optimal cutoffs were 4.02 (sensitivity: 82.6%, specificity: 69.6%, and overall accuracy: 75.5%), 12.19 (sensitivity: 80.4%, specificity: 73.9%, and overall accuracy: 77.5%), and 28.26 (sensitivity: 65.2%, specificity: 76.8%, and overall accuracy: 71.6%), respectively. Conclusions We demonstrated, for the first time, that MLR or NMR had the best accuracy in differentiating LN patients without infection from healthy subjects, or differentiating infection from flare in LN patients, respectively. Our results implied that NLR, MLR, PNR, and NMR may be useful biomarkers in predicting LN.
Lifetime musical training and cognitive performance in a memory clinic population: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Fancourt Daisy , Geschke Katharina , Fellgiebel Andreas , Wuttke-Linnemann Alexandra 
Published: June 2020

Background: Music training has been found to be beneficial for young and healthy participants but the associations between musical training and the cognitive functioning of elderly participants have not been reported consistently. We examined whether lifetime musical training is associated with neuropsychological performance in a memory clinic population of older patients. Methods: A total of 478 patients (54.2% female, mean age 73.70 ± 6.22, mean Mini Mental State Examination score 25 ± 3) were included in the cross-sectional analyses. All patients were referred to the memory clinic due to cognitive impairments. During the course of diagnosis, all patients underwent neuropsychological tests using the CERAD neuropsychological assessment battery. Patients provided information on whether they ever learned to play an instrument for at least five years in their life. Results: Neuropsychological test results differed based on musical training ( p = .042). Overall, there were no differences in any domains of cognitive functioning, other than that patients with musical training performed worse on word list memory ( p = .008). However, this relationship varied based on the extent of cognitive impairments. Patients who were cognitively unimpaired (Mini Mental State Examination score 27–30) and had musical training showed better word list learning, whereas patients with cognitive impairments (Mini Mental State Examination score < 27) and musical training performed worse in word list learning ( p = .042) and word list recall ( p = .045). Discussion: Overall, there was little evidence of associations between specific neuropsychological test results and musical training. Only in cognitively unimpaired patients was there evidence that musical training had beneficial associations. In patients with cognitive impairment, there were suggestions of negative associations with verbal memory. Future research should longitudinally investigate the beneficial effects of musical training in people with and without cognitive impairments.
Temporary Bridge Plating vs Primary Arthrodesis of the First Tarsometatarsal Joint in Lisfranc Injuries: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Stødle Are H. , Hvaal Kjetil H. , Brøgger Helga M. , Madsen Jan Erik , Husebye Elisabeth Ellingsen 
Published: June 2020

Background: Unstable Lisfranc injuries are best treated with anatomic reduction and stable fixation. There are controversies regarding which type of stabilization is best. In the present study, we compared primary arthrodesis of the first tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint to temporary bridge plating in unstable Lisfranc injuries. Methods: Forty-eight patients with Lisfranc injuries were included and followed for 2 years. Twenty-four patients were randomized to primary arthrodesis (PA) of the medial 3 TMT joints, whereas 24 patients were randomized to temporary bridge plate (BP) over the first TMT joint and primary arthrodesis of the second and third TMT joints. The main outcome parameter was the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot scale and the secondary outcome parameters were the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and visual analog scale for pain (VAS pain). Computed tomography (CT) scans pre- and postoperatively were obtained. Radiographs were obtained at follow-ups. Pedobarographic examination was performed at the 2-year follow-up. Twenty-two of 24 patients in the PA and 23/24 in the BP group completed the 2-year follow-up. Results: The mean AOFAS midfoot score 2 years postoperatively was 89 (SD 9) in the PA group and 85 (SD 15) in the BP group ( P = .32). There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to SF-36 or VAS pain scores. The alignment of the first metatarsal was better in the BP group than in the PA group measured by the anteroposterior Meary angle ( P = .04). The PA group had a reduced peak pressure under the fifth metatarsal ( P = .047). In the BP group, 11/24 patients had radiologic signs of osteoarthritis in the first TMT joint. Conclusion: Both treatment groups had good outcome scores. The first metatarsal was better aligned in the BP group; however, there was a high incidence of radiographic osteoarthritis in this group. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic level I, prospective randomized controlled study.
Return to Sports and Activity After Total Ankle Arthroplasty and Arthrodesis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Johns William L. , Sowers Christopher B. , Walley Kempland C. , Ross Daniel , Thordarson David B. , Jackson J. Benjamin , Gonzalez Tyler A. 
Published: June 2020

Background: There is no consensus regarding participation in sports and recreational activities following total ankle replacement (TAR) and ankle arthrodesis (AA). This systematic review summarizes the evidence on return to sports and activity after operative management with either TAR or AA for ankle osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: A literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria. Included studies reported sport and activity outcomes in patients undergoing TAR and AA, with primary outcomes being the percentage of sports participation and level of sports participation. Results: Twelve studies met inclusion criteria for analysis. There were 1270 ankle procedures, of which 923 TAR and 347 AA were performed. The mean reported patient age was 59.2 years and the mean BMI was 28 kg/m2. The mean follow-up was 43 months. Fifty-four percent of patients were active in sports preoperatively compared with 63.7% postoperatively. The mean preoperative activity participation rate was 41% in the TAR cohort, but it improved to 59% after TAR, whereas the preoperative activity participation rate of 73% was similar to the postoperative rate of 70% in the AA cohort. The most common sports in the TAR and AA groups were swimming, hiking, cycling, and skiing. Conclusion: Participation in sports activity was nearly 10% improved after operative management of ankle OA with TAR and remains high after AA. The existing literature demonstrated a large improvement in pre- to postoperative activity levels after TAR, with minimal change in activity after AA; however, AA patients were more active at baseline. The most frequent postoperative sports activities after operative management of ankle OA were swimming, hiking, cycling, and skiing. Participation in high-impact sports such as tennis, soccer, and running was consistently limited after surgery. This review of the literature will allow patients and foot and ankle surgeons to set evidence-based goals and establish realistic expectations for postoperative physical activity after TAR and AA. Level of Evidence: Level III, systematic review.
Silicone Oil–Associated Extensive Intraocular Ossification: A case report
Authors: Wang Yinhao , Cui Wei , Liu Rongjun , Tian Yanjie , Ni Wei , Zhou Changlei 
Published: June 2020

Background: Intraocular ossification is an uncommon calcium deposition process associated with trauma, chronic inflammation, tumor, and long-standing retinal detachment. This is the first reported extensive intraocular bone formation associated with silicone oil. Case presentation: A 30-year-old Han Chinese man came to us with complaint of red, painful blind right eye. He had a history of ocular trauma, retinal detachment, and two failed retinal reattachment surgeries with silicone oil left in the eye. On examination, conjunctiva congestion, band keratopathy, silicone oil emulsification, and limbus neovascularization were found. B-scan ultrasound and computed tomography scanning demonstrated retinal detachment and calcification of the eyeball wall. Histopathological analysis indicated ossification overlying the choroid. Evisceration was finally operated to relieve the pain. Conclusion: The retention of silicone oil in the eye probably accelerates the ossification. Timely silicone oil removal and evisceration should be recommended if necessary for phthisis bulbi.
A novel CRYBB2 mutation causes autosomal dominant cataract: A report from a Chinese family
Authors: Xu Li Juan , Lv Zhi Gang , Liu Ying , Zhang Xiang Xiang , Cui Yu Xin , Li Xiao Chun , Zhu Yi Jun , He Jie 
Published: June 2020

Purpose This study aimed to examine pathogenic mutation within one Chinese family of five-generations suffering from autosomal dominant cataract. Methods Next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to find the pathogenic variants. Results A rare mutation, c.563G > A, in CRYBB2 gene was found in the proband that showed symptom of non-syndromic congenital autosomal dominant cataract. This mutation had been found in all affected individuals and in one healthy infant, but it did not exist between two individuals who did not develop such disease in that family, as well as in 100 healthy subjects who showed no relation with that family. Cataracts in this family varied with different severity of lens opacities and elongation of axial length. Conclusion One missense mutation c.563G > A is reported in the CRYBB2 gene among one Chinese family suffering from early-onset cataract, and associated novel phenotypes are the elongation of axial length and the types of cataract. Our results expand the spectrum of associated phenotypes of CRYBB2 mutation.
Efficacy of Smartphone-Based Secondary Preventive Strategies in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Murphy Alexandra C , Meehan Georgina , Koshy Anoop N , Kunniardy Phelia , Farouque Omar , Yudi Matias B 
Published: June 2020

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation programs provide a comprehensive framework for the institution of secondary preventive measures. Smartphone technology can provide a platform for the delivery of such programs and is a promising alternative to hospital-based services. However, there is limited evidence to date supporting this approach. Accordingly, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining smartphone-based secondary prevention programs to traditional cardiac rehabilitation in patients with established coronary artery disease to ascertain the feasibility and effectiveness of these interventions. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was conducted. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model with the outcomes of interest being 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and body mass index (BMI). Results: A total of 8 studies with 1120 patients across 5 countries were included in the quantitative analysis. Follow-up ranged from 6 weeks to 12 months. Five studies examined all patients post acute coronary syndrome, 2 studies examined only patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, and 1 study examined all patients with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease, independent of intervention. Exercise capacity, as measured by the 6MWT, was significantly greater in the smartphone group (20.10 meters, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.44-33.97; P < .001; I2 = 45.58). There was no significant difference in BMI reduction, systolic blood pressure, or LDL cholesterol levels between groups ( P value for all > .05). Conclusion: Publicly available smartphone-based cardiac rehabilitation programs are a convenient and easily disseminated intervention which show merit in exercise promotion in patients with established coronary artery disease. Further research is required to establish the clinical significance of recent findings favoring their use.