bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spirooxazine dyes
Authors: Towns Andrew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article provides an introductory overview of a class of colorant that underpinned the establishment of the most industrially important application of photochromic dyes. It outlines the properties that led to the rise (and subsequent decline) in commercial significance of spirooxazine colorants, and which attract researchers seeking to put them to work in new technologies. Within this survey, the chief means of synthesising such dyes and adjusting their photochromism are briefly discussed. The reader is directed to useful sources of information concerning not only these aspects, but also potential applications for spirooxazine-based photochromism.
Possibilities and limitations of pXRF as a tool for analysing ancient pottery: a case study of Late Bronze and Early Iron Age pottery (1100–600 BC) from the northern Black Sea region
Authors: Daszkiewicz Malgorzata , Gavrylyuk Nadezhda , Hellström Kirsten , Kaiser Elke , Kashuba Maya , Kulkova Marianna , Nykonenko Dmytro , Schneider Gerwulf , Winger Katja 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn an archaeometric research project supported by the Volkswagen Foundation (Project 90216 [https://earlynomads.wordpress.com/]), working groups consisting of chemists, geologists and archaeologists in Berlin, Kiev and Saint Petersburg collaborated on analysing pottery recovered from Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age burials and settlements from sites of different archaeological cultures in the steppes and forest steppes north of the Black Sea. The article presents the results of the classification of 201 samples using energy-dispersive X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF) compared to the results of MGR-analysis and WD-XRF of these samples. Fingerprints for the seven sites studied could be defined.
Determination of crystallinity of Chinese handmade papers by means of X-ray diffraction
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhang Hongbin , Wang Sinong , Yu Hui , Lu Bingjie , Li Xinran , Wang Chun , Yan Yueer , Tang Yi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe crystallinity indices (CrI) of Chinese handmade papers were investigated using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Four Chinese handmade papers, Yingchun, Zhuma, Yuanshu and Longxucao papers were used as model substrates of mulberry bark, ramie, bamboo and Eulaliopsis binata papers, respectively. Two forms of the paper samples, paper sheets and their comminuted powders, were used in this study. The results showed that their XRD patterns belong to the cellulose-I type and Iβ dominates the cellulose microstructure of these paper samples. Moreover, it was found that the microstructures and CrIs of cellulose of these papers were changed by the grinding treatment. This work suggested that the sheet form of the handmade papers is suitable to determine CrI by XRD, despite the contribution of non-cellulosic components in the papers. The order of CrIs for these paper sheet samples was Yingchun, Zhuma, Longxucao and Yuanshu papers. Besides CrIs, differences in cross-sectional areas of the crystalline zone of cellulose can be used for comparing different types of handmade papers. It was also found that the CrIs and crystallite size of paper cellulose varied between the sheet samples and the powder samples, illustrating that the pulverisation has a negative influence on the microstructure of the handmade papers.
Numerical steady state analysis of the Marchuk–Petrov model of antiviral immune response
Authors: Sklyarova Ekaterina V. , Nechepurenko Yuri M. , Bocharov Gennady A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The problem of guaranteed computation of all steady states of the Marchuk–Petrov model with fixed values of parameters and analysis of their stability are considered. It is shown that the system of ten nonlinear equations, nonnegative solutions of which are steady states, can be reduced to a system of two equations. The region of possible nonnegative solutions is analytically localized. An effective technology for computing all nonnegative solutions and analyzing their stability is proposed. The obtained results provide a computational basis for the study of chronic forms of viral infections using the Marchuk–Petrov model.
L'énonciation invisible. Un pas vers l'imaginaire
Authors: Beyaert-Geslin Anne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFocused on manifestation, semiotics has nevertheless constantly considered its surroundings, the imaginary that makes the image and gives it meaning. The article tries to problematize this relationship. It separates the picture from its imaginary share, the image, and seeks to support its general propositions on plastic analyzes, a painting by Francis Bacon, an installation by Abdelkader Benchamma and another installation by Adrien M and Claire B. It focuses on reductions and the tipping points of the picture, where the “opening” occurs, striving for a structuring of its proposals. It thus instructs both sides of the enunciation, an enunciation centered on the visible and an invisible enunciation still premeditated by the enunciation.
Rethinking the phonological process of /s/ voicing assimilation in Spanish: An acoustic comparison of three regional varieties
Authors: Sedó Beatriz , Schmidt Lauren B. , Willis Erik W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpanish is described as having an /s/ regressive voicing assimilation process by which the sibilant is voiced when followed by a voiced consonant. However, experimental studies documenting the nature of the process – including variation in its realization across speech varieties – are limited. The current study presents an acoustic analysis of the phonetic nature of the process, including an analysis of the linguistic and social factors which influence voicing of the /s/. Using an identical controlled phrase elicitation task, rates and location of voicing within the /s/ segment were compared across three varieties of Spanish: Mexican Spanish (Mexico City) and two Peninsular varieties (León and Vitoria). Different voicing rates and different linguistic voicing predictors were found across dialects. The data suggest that /s/ voicing before a voiced consonant is far from a categorical process in Spanish, with variable rates of application between 43% and 63%. We propose that, based on the data, /s/ voicing in Spanish is, in fact, better understood as a progressive voicing process (i. e. continuation of voicing from the previous vowel), and that the linguistic factors that condition voicing can be explained in part through articulatory and aerodynamic mechanisms. We also discuss the phonetics and phonology of the process.
“No one wants you” – a qualitative study on the experiences of receiving rejection from tertiary care pain centres
Authors: Nøst Torunn Hatlen , Stedenfeldt Mona , Steinsbekk Aslak 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background and aims
Four out of 10 referrals to tertiary care pain centres in Norway are not granted pain centre treatment, confirming earlier research on that this group of patients struggle to access the highest standard of care. Still, no study investigating how people with chronic pain experience rejections from pain centres was found. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate how people with chronic pain experience receiving a rejection from tertiary care pain centres after being referred by their general practitioners (GPs).

Methods
This was a qualitative study with semi-structured individual interviews with 12 persons, seven men and five women, rejected from the four different pain centres in Norway. The data were analysed thematically using systematic text condensation.

Results
The pain centre rejection created strong reactions, partly because the rejection was perceived as a refusal from the health care system as a whole. This was especially so because the pain centre was regarded as the last remaining treatment option, and given the rejection, they were now declined help by the experts in the field. Even though some informants had received an explanation for why they had not been granted pain centre treatment, a prominent experience was that the informants found it difficult to understand why their referral had been rejected given the severity of their pain. The incomprehensibility of the rejection together with a feeling of lack of future treatment options, increased the hopelessness and frustration of their situation and made it challenging to move on and search for help elsewhere.

Conclusions
The experiences with the pain centre rejections indicate that the rejection can have grave consequences for each individual in the following months. An improved system for how to handle expectations towards referrals, including prepare for the possibility of rejection and how to follow up a rejection, seems warranted.

Implications
Because a pain centre rejection most likely is received by persons in a vulnerable position, there should be available health care services to help them understand the rejections. And furthermore, help them to move from disappointment and hopelessness, towards an experience of empowerment and reorientation, by for instance planning further actions and interventions, and thereby, acknowledge their need for help.
A Strategy for the Use of the Cross Recurrence Quantification Analysis
Authors: Aparicio Teresa , Pozo Eduardo F. , Saura Dulce 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this work, our goal is to analyze the use of the Cross Recurrence Plot (CRP) and its quantification (CRQA) as tools to detect the possible existence of a relationship between two systems. To do that, we define three tests that are a bivariate extension of those proposed by Aparicio et al. (Aparicio, T., E. Pozo, and D. Saura. 2008. “Detecting Determinism Using Recurrence Quantification Analysis: Three Test Procedures.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 65: 768–787, Aparicio, T., E. F. Pozo, and D. Saura. 2011. “Detecting Determinism Using Recurrence Quantification Analysis: A Solution to the Problem of Embedding.” Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics and Econometrics 15: 1–10) within the context of the Recurrence Quantification Analysis. These tests, based on the diagonal lines of the CRP, are applied to a large number of simulated pairs of series. The results obtained are not always satisfactory, with problems being detected specifically when the series have a high degree of laminarity. We study the identified problems and we implement a strategy that we consider adequate for the use of these tools. Finally, as an example, we apply this strategy to several economic series.
The Berlin Process. Bringing the Western Balkan Region Closer to the European Union
Authors: Griessler Christina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
For the countries of the Western Balkans, the path to membership in the European Union (EU) has been particularly tortuous. Its slow progress has created frustration among applicant countries. In 2014 Germany, stepping into the political void that had formed, inaugurated what has come to be known as the Berlin Process, an initiative aimed at injecting new energy into the dormant EU enlargement process. The author examines the political activities initiated between 2014 and 2019, analysing the official documentation of the Berlin Process along with publications such as policy papers and media commentaries. She concludes that although meaningful and proactive measures have been taken, such efforts have not been successful in persuading or enabling the Western Balkan states to implement the political and economic reforms required for EU accession.
Retracing Labor in Yugoslav Socialism . Reflections on Research and Archival Approaches
Authors: Vukliš Vladan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study merges two perspectives, the historiographical and the archival, in order to capture and analyze key elements relating to issues encountered in records-based research into the labor history of Yugoslav socialism. In combining ongoing historiographical (social and labor history) and theoretical (archival science) research with auto-ethnographic, practice-based reflections, the author outlines several observations, facts, and propositions, which may be of help to both researchers and archivists. The essay accepts the recent resurgence of Yugoslav labor history as a premise upon which it discusses key problems relating to fieldwork, local and historical case study research, obstacles relating to communication and information, as well as pressing issues in the field of the archival profession, upon which it elaborates possible strategies and practical solutions to remedy the current conditions.
Assessment of two different methods of calculating a heating demand
Authors: Turcsányi Peter , Sedláková Anna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Phenomenon of today′s era is lowering overall energy performance and greenhouse gas emissions. European Union and its members came from an “uncontrollable” fossil fuel usage to an era of dependence reduction from fossil fuel usage. EU industry is now in era of utilizing renewable energy sources. Construction industry is responsible for 40% of total energy performance of EU; hence the great emphasis on energy effective design on new buildings as well as importance on energy effective renovation of already constructed buildings. Effort on lowering total energy performance in construction industry has signed on research on new project solutions, new insulation materials and new building services technologies which are maximizing energy gain from renewable energy sources. Simulation software and different engines are more than helpful tool when predicting building thermal behaviour. That is why simulation software is used more often in the process of designing energy efficient buildings or in the process of energy performance optimization of existing buildings. simulation and analytics itself, is dealing with simulation of chosen buildings (family houses) on heating demand based on the newest knowledge of constructions and materials. Results of heating demands of different family houses were confronted against heating demands calculated according national standards – using non-variable conditions. Next, the differences between two calculation approaches were characterized in percentages.
Real time executable model for dynamic heat flow analysis of a solar hydrogen reactor
Authors: Menz Steffen , Lampe Jörg , Tröltzsch Uwe , Weiler Philipp , Pahl Arne , Fend Thomas , Seeger Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A real time executable model developed for dynamic heat analysis of a solar hydrogen reactor is described and characterized. To calculate the local distribution of radiation caused by multiple reflection inside the solar receiver the radiosity method is used. Significant optical characteristics including reflectance, transmittance and absorption are investigated related to the used materials and operating conditions. Furthermore, the influence on the model behavior is presented by variation of optical parameters. Simulation results are presented, which show good agreement with experimental data.
Finite volume analysis of the temperature distribution during transurethral resection of the prostate
Authors: Morgenstern Tino , Richter Daniel , Himmel Jörg , Kanoun Olfa , Klöckner Stephan , Wang Dinan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In prostate surgery the transurethral resection (TURP) represents the gold standard which is based on monopolar (M-TURP) and bipolar techniques (TURis). The investigation of the thermal behavior is one of the most important research topics in this type of surgery procedures. Here monopolar systems have been well investigated. The research on electrical and thermal behavior of bipolar systems was initiated about two decades ago. Previous studies focused on thermal behavior according to Joule heating, but did not gain information about the temperature distribution close to the active electrode of the resectoscope. Therefore, the numerical simulations on the temperature distribution near the active electrode of the resectoscope with a finite volume method are presented in this study, which takes blood perfusion into account. The results have shown that the influence of the blood perfusion process can be ignored for regions which are more than 0.4 mm away from the active electrode. This is based on two different blood perfusion models.
The passive voice in scientific writing through the ages: A diachronic study
Authors: Leong Alvin Ping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDiachronic studies on scientific writing have indicated an increase in the use of passives from the seventeenth to the twentieth century. With the current shift in focus towards making scientific writing more accessible, there is less certainty on the extent of passive use in the modern era. Although the use of the active voice is presently encouraged, the findings from available studies are mixed. There are also few diachronic studies involving recent articles. This present study investigated the trend in passive use from the nineteenth century to the present day using 80 articles from a multidisciplinary science journal covering four time periods (1880, 1930, 1980, and 2017). The study found that the extent of passive use was stable from 1880 to 1980 (occurring in about 29–36% of all clauses) but declined in 2017 (averaging below 25%). The study also found a decline in the use of finite passives to describe methodological actions and a corresponding increase in the use of first-person pronouns in the 2017 articles. Further work involving a larger corpus and an understanding of writer decisions in the composing process is needed.
English at the periphery: Evidence from Indonesian popular novels
Authors: Martin-Anatias Nelly 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the symbolic power of English in contemporary Indonesia as represented by Indonesian popular texts published following the New Order era (1966–1998) (popularly known as theReformasiera). English, a language that entered the Indonesian linguistic landscape quite late, is still treated as a foreign language by many Indonesians but has been increasingly visible in popular texts since theReformasi. This era has witnessed a political and societal turmoil that has resulted in expanded freedom of speech including more linguistic freedom overall. Using interpretive textual analysis, this study investigates how the popular narratives9 Summers, 10 Autumnsand theMs. B series,published in theReformasiera, maneuver English in their texts. The findings suggest that popular texts function as effective sociolinguistic sites to reveal the power of English and its societal entrenchment in contemporary Indonesia. They also show that English has been granted a special spotlight and status by many writers and characters in their novels, highlighting its significance in contemporary Indonesian popular texts.
Plasma cholesterol in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Wang Pan , Zhang Huihong , Wang Yan , Zhang Miao , Zhou Yuying 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The relationship between the apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 allele, triglyceride (TG) level, and cholesterol level and an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been well established, but their relationship with behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is not well-known.

Methodology
The levels of TGs, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein were measured in bvFTD and AD patients and in normal controls (NCs). DNA was extracted, and APOE was genotyped.

Results
The APOE-ε4 allele frequency was higher in the AD group than in the NC group, but no difference was found between the AD and the bvFTD groups. The bvFTD group had higher LDL than the AD group, and significant differences were also found for the cholesterol level in the dementia groups compared with the NC group. Elevated LDL level was positively correlated with appetite and eating score in the bvFTD group. Compared with the AD patients and NCs without the APOE-ε4 allele, those with the APOE-ε4 allele had higher TC, but its correlation with the bvFTD group was absent.

Conclusions
The bvFTD and the AD groups had higher cholesterol levels. The APOE-ε4 allele and eating behavior might modify lipid metabolism in dementia. TG and cholesterol analyses may offer a new opportunity for targeted treatments.
Universalism vs. “All Under Heaven” (Tianxia / 天下) – Kant in China
Authors: Feger Hans 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The discourse on freedom that Kant unfolds in his writings on the history of philosophy, especially in his essay Idea for a Universal History with Cosmopolitan Intent (1784), is a constitutive component of the moral perspective whose key concept is the notion of freedom. This is why critical philosophy, as Kant says, has its own “chiliastic expectation”, and the critical philosopher is a prophet who himself “occasions und produces the events he predicts”. Questions concerning the proper use of freedom – how does freedom position itself in the individual ethics of each person when he/she wants to act morally, how does it position the community in legal ethics when it merges in a liberal state through the peacemaking function of the law, or how does the community of states position itself in international law when, with cosmopolitan intent, freedom devotes itself to a utopian peace mission – these are always questions concerning the concept of freedom which has emerged from a critical process of arbitration.
Hinduistische Tempel im südasiatischen Stil in deutschen Städten
Authors: Luchesi Brigitte 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
In Deutschland heimisch gewordene Hindus aus Südasien, die für ihre Götterverehrung bisher Räumlichkeiten in vorhandenen Gebäuden benutzten, haben begonnen, eigene Tempel zu errichten. Bisher wurden drei derartige Verehrungsstätten fertiggestellt, zwei weitere befinden sich im Bau. Die äußere Gestaltung orientiert sich in allen Fällen an traditionellen hinduistischen Sakralbauten, wie sie vor allem auf Sri Lanka und in Südindien begegnen. Dieser Stil zeichnet sich vor allem durch Aufbauten auf den Tempeldächern und über dem Eingang aus, an denen vielfältige Skulpturen göttlicher Wesen angebracht sind. Gründe für die Entscheidung für solche aufwendigen und kostspieligen Projekte sind im Wunsch nach Gebäuden zu suchen, Bezüge zur ehemaligen Heimat herzustellen und eigene kunstvolle Baukunst zu demonstrieren. Sie speisen sich aber auch aus dem Bedürfnis, die Gottheiten in Gebäuden verehren zu können, die überkommenen hinduistischen Vorstellungen von sakralen und sakralisierbaren Götterbehausungen entsprechen.
Cultural Tourism Routes as Incubators for Innovation and Economic Diversification: A Potential Analysis in the Framework of the New Silk Road Initiative in Azerbaijan
Authors: Schuhbert Arne , Thees Hannes , Herbold Valentin , Weinreiter Johanna , Kantsperger Markus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCultural routes are today a widespread phenomenon throughout the Industrialized Countries (IC) and have become more and more prominent as a tool for tourism development in recent years (Flognfeldt, 2005:37; Meyer, 2004:5). For countries in the Southern Caucasus, who profit from their bridging position between Europe and Asia, the planned revival of the Ancient Silk Road (ASR) in form of the New Silk Road (NSR) offers substantial potentials for economic diversification by means of tourism as a catalyzing industry. On the case of Azerbaijan, this study analyzes the potential to trigger regional economic diversification within the existing national destination-system in a framework of route development. To this end, the methodological approach builds upon a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to diagnose the current degree of cluster maturity in the system, following the question of how Azerbaijan as a system of regional destination can access the transnational route system of the NSR.