bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with the perceived barriers of health care access among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: a secondary data analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Tamirat Koku Sisay , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Kebede Fentahun Bikale 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Health care access is the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best health outcomes. Problems in accessing health care among reproductive-age may lead to various adverse health outcomes like death and disabilities. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors associated with the perceived barriers of health care access among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Method: This study was based on secondary data sources from the 2016 Ethiopia Demography and Health Survey. From the largest dataset, individual women record (IR) file was used to extract about 15, 683 women for the final analysis. A composite variable of health care access was created from four questions used to rate health care access problems among women of reproductive age. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model fitted to identify factors associated with perceived barriers of health care access. Crude and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) computed to assess the strength of association between independent and outcome variables.Result: This study revealed that the magnitude of perceived barriers of health care access among reproductive-age women found to be 69.9% with 95%CI (69.3 to 70.7) to at least one or more of the four reasons. Rural resident (AOR= 2.13, 95%CI: 1.79 to 2.53), age 35-49 years (AOR= 1.24, 95%CI: 1.09 to 1.40), divorced/separated (AOR= 1.34, 95%CI: 1.17 to 1.54), had no health insurance coverage (AOR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.01 to 1.45), poorer (AOR=2.09,95%CI: 1.86 to 2.35) and middle wealth (AOR=1.57,95%CI:1.38 to 1.79), no education (AOR=2.30, 95%CI:1.95 to 2.72), primary education (AOR= 1.84, 95%CI :1.58 to 2.15) and secondary education (AOR= 1.31, 95%CI: 1.13 to 1.51) were factors associated with the perceived barriers of health care access.Conclusion: A significant proportion of women of reproductive age faced barriers to health care access, of which money and distance were the most frequently perceived barriers. Divorced/separated marital status, old age, rural dwelling, no health insurance coverage, low economic situation, and level of education were factors associated with perceived barriers. These findings suggest further strengthening and improving health care access to those women with low socio-economic status for the realization of universal health coverage.
Motives of contributing personal data for health research: (Non-)participation in a Dutch biobank
Authors: Broekstra Reinder , Maeckelberghe Els , Aris-Meijer Judith , Stolk Ronald , Otten Sabine 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Large-scale, centralized data repositories are playing a critical and unprecedented role in fostering innovative health research, leading to new opportunities as well as dilemmas for the medical sciences. Uncovering the reasons as to why citizens do or do not contribute to such repositories, for example, to population-based biobanks, is therefore crucial. We investigated and compared the views of existing participants and non-participants on contributing to large-scale, centralized health research data repositories with those of ex-participants regarding the decision to end their participation. This comparison could yield new insights into motives of participation and non-participation, in particular the behavioural change of withdrawal. Methods: We conducted 36 in-depth interviews with ex-participants, participants, and non-participants of a three-generation, population-based biobank in the Netherlands. The interviews focused on the respondents’ decision-making processes relating to their participation in a large-scale, centralized repository for health research data. Results: The decision of participants and non-participants to contribute to the biobank was motivated by a desire to help others. Whereas participants perceived only benefits relating to their participation and were unconcerned about potential risks, non­-participants and ex-participants raised concerns about the threat of large-scale, centralized public data repositories and public institutes, such as social exclusion or commercialization. Our analysis of ex-participants’ perceptions suggests that intrapersonal characteristics, such as levels of trust in society and public goods, participation conceived as a social norm, and basic societal values account for differences between participants and non-participants.Conclusions: Our findings indicate the fluidity of motives centring on helping others in decisions to participate in large-scale, centralized health research data repositories. Efforts to improve participation should focus on enhancing the trustworthiness of such data repositories and developing layered strategies for communication with participants and with the public. Accordingly, personalized approaches for recruiting participants and transmitting information along with appropriate regulatory frameworks are required, which have important implications for current data management and informed consent procedures.
Inferring An Animal's Environment Through Biologging: Quantifying the Environmental Contribution to Animal Movement
Authors: Eikelboom Jasper A.J. , de Knegt Henrik J. , Klaver Maayke , Langevelde Frank van , Wal Tamme van der , Prins Herbert H.T. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Animals respond to environmental variation by changing their movement in a multifaceted way. Recent advancements in biologging increasingly allow for detailed measurements of the multifaceted nature of movement, from descriptors of animal movement trajectories (e.g., using GPS) to descriptors of body part movements (e.g., using tri-axial accelerometers). Because this multivariate richness of movement data complicates inference on the environmental contribution to animal movement, studies generally use simplified movement descriptors in statistical analyses. However, doing so limits the inference on the environmental contribution to movement, as this requires that the multivariate richness of movement data can be fully considered in an analysis. Methods: We propose a data-driven analytic framework to quantify the environmental contribution to animal movement that can accommodate the multifaceted nature of animal movement. Instead of fitting the response of a simplified movement descriptor to a suite of environmental variables, our proposed framework centres on predicting an environmental variable from the full set of multivariate movement data, i.e., the reverse of the route of causal inference. The measure of fit of this prediction is taken to be the metric that quantifies how much of the environmental variation relates to the multivariate variation in animal movement. We demonstrate the usefulness of this framework through a case study about the contribution of grass availability and time since milking to cow movements using machine learning algorithms. Results: We show that on a one-hour timescale 37% of the variation in grass availability and 33% of time since milking contributed to cow movements. Grass availability contributed mostly to the cows’ neck movement during grazing, while time since milking contributed mostly to the movement through the landscape and the shared variation of accelerometer and GPS data (e.g., activity patterns). Furthermore, this framework proved to be insensitive to spurious correlations between environmental variables in quantifying the contribution to animal movement. Conclusions: Not only is our proposed framework well-suited to study the environmental contribution to animal movement; we argue that it can also be applied in any field that uses multivariate biologging data, e.g., animal physiology, to study the relationships between animals and their environment.
Factors contributing to diagnostic delay of Caroli syndrome: a single-center, retrospective study
Authors: Shi Wen , Huang Xiao-ming , Feng Yun-lu , Wang Feng-dan , Gao Xiao-xing , Jiao Yang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Caroli syndrome (CS) is a rare congenital disorder without pathognomonic clinical symptoms or laboratory findings; therefore, the diagnosis is often delayed. The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic delay and associated risk factors in CS patients. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 16 CS patients admitted to a single tertiary medical center on mainland China. The diagnostic timelines of CS patients were reviewed to demonstrate the initial findings of CS at diagnosis, the risk factors associated with diagnostic delay, and potential clues leading to early diagnosis. Results: The median diagnostic delay was 1.75 years (range: 1 month to 29 years, interquartile range: 6.2 years) in 16 enrolled CS patients. Sex, age, and initial symptoms were not associated with diagnostic delay. 87.5% of CS patients were diagnosed by imaging, and the accuracies of ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography were 25%, 69.2%, and 83.3%, respectively. The median diagnostic delays for patients with or without CT performed at the first hospital visited according to physician and radiologist suspicion of the diagnosis were 7.4 months and 6 years, respectively (p=0.021). Hepatic cysts with splenomegaly were detected by ultrasound in over half of CS patients. Conclusions: The majority of CS patients were not diagnosed until complications of portal hypertension had already developed. Recognition and early suspicion of the disease were important factors influencing diagnostic delay of CS. Hepatic cysts plus splenomegaly detected by US might raise the clinical suspicion to include CS in the differential diagnosis.
The relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality in the older people: an updated and dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: He Mengyang , Deng Xiangling , Zhu Yuqing , Huan Luyao , Niu Wenquan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Short or long sleep duration is proposed as a potential risk factor for all-cause mortality in the older people, yet the results of published studies are not often reproducible. Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether short or long sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in the older people via a comprehensive meta-analysis. Methods: Literature retrieval, study selection and data extraction were completed independently and in duplicate. Effect-size estimates are expressed as relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Summary data from 35 articles, involving a total of 106990 older people, were meta-analyzed. Overall analyses revealed a significant association between long sleep duration and all-cause mortality (RR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.19-1.35, P <.001), whereas marginal significance was observed for short sleep duration (RR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.00-1.09; P =.045). There was a low probability of publication bias as indicated by Egger’s test for the association between sleep duration and all-cause mortality. In subgroup analyses, the association between long sleep duration and all-cause mortality was relatively strong in women (RR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.18-1.85, P =.002) relative to men (RR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.10-1.50, P =.001) (Two-sample Z test P = .219). Further dose-response regression analyses showed that trend estimation was not obvious for short sleep duration ( P = .016) compared with long sleep duration ( P < .001), indicating a J-shaped relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a J-shaped relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality in the older people, with long sleep duration significantly associating with all-cause mortality, especially in women.
Transcriptome-based Selection and Validation of Optimal House-keeping Genes for Skin Research in Goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: Zhang Jipan , Deng Chengchen , Li Jialu , Zhao Yong-Ju 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: In Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments, accurate and reliable target gene expression data is dependent on optimal amplification of house-keeping genes (HKGs). RNA-seq technology offers a novel approach to detect new HKGs with improved stability. Goat (Capra hircus) is an economically important livestock species and plays an indispensable role in the world animal fiber and meat industry. Unfortunately, uniform and reliable HKGs for use in goat skin research have not been identified. Therefore, this study seeks to identify a set of stable HKGs for the skin tissue of C. hircus using high-throughput sequencing technology.Results: Based on the transcriptome dataset of 39 goat skin tissue samples, 8 genes (SRP68, NCBP3, RRAGA, EIF4H, CTBP2, PTPRA, CNBP, and EEF2) with relatively stable expression levels were identified and selected as new candidate HKGs. Commonly used HKGs including SDHA and YWHAZ from a previous study, and 2 conventional genes (ACTB and GAPDH) were also examined. Four different experimental variables: (1) different development stages, (2) hair follicle cycle stages, (3) breeds and (4) sampling sites, were used for determination and validation. Four algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ΔCt method) and a comprehensive algorithm (ComprFinder, developed in-house) were used to assess the stability of each HKG. It was shown that NCBP3+SDHA+PTPRA were more stably expressed than previously used genes in all conditions analyzed, and that this combination was effective at normalizing target gene expression. Moreover, a new algorithm for comprehensive analysis, ComprFinder, was developed and released.Conclusion: This study presents the first data of candidate HKGs for C. hircus skin tissues based on an RNA-seq dataset. We propose that the NCBP3+SDHA+PTPRA combination be used as a triplet set of HKGs in skin molecular biology experiments in C. hircus and other closely related species to standardize analyses across studies. In addition, we also encourage researchers who perform candidate HKG evaluations and who have the need for comprehensive analysis to adopt our new algorithm, ComprFinder.
Administration of Saccharomyces boulardii mafic-1701 improves feed conversion ratio, promotes antioxidant capacity, alleviates intestinal inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in weaned piglets
Authors: Zhang Wenxiu , Bao Chengling , Wang Jian , Zang Jianjun , Cao Yunhe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Probiotics for are used as a means to improve animal health and intestinal development. Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) is a well-known probiotic, however, few studies have examined the effects of S. boulardii on weaned piglet performance. Therefore, this 28-day study compared the effects of S. boulardii mafic-1701 and aureomycin in weaned piglet diets on growth performance, antioxidant parameters, inflammation and intestinal microbiota. One hundred and eight weaned piglets were randomly divided into three dietary treatment groups: (1) basal diet (CON); (2) basal diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg aureomycin (ANT); (3) basal diet supplemented with 1 × 108 CFU/kg S. boulardii mafic-1701 (SB). Results: Compared to CON group, SB group improved feed efficiency over the entire 28 days (P < 0.01) and decreased the rate of diarrhea during the first two weeks (P < 0.05). Total superoxide dismutase concentration was markedly increased in SB group (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with CON group, SB group decreased the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (P < 0.01) and tumor necrosis factor (P < 0.05) in jejunum. Supplementation with S boulardii mafic-1701 increased abundance of Bacillus and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.05), whereas abundance of Clostridiaceae was decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, S boulardii mafic-1701 administration increased cecal concentration of microbial metabolites, isobutyrate and valerate (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The improvement in feed conversion ratio, reduction in diarrhea rate during the first two weeks in weaned piglets provided diets supplemented with S. boulardii mafic-1701 may be associated with enhanced antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory responses and intestinal microbial ecology.
Mechanical wear analysis helps understand a mechanism of failure in retrieved magnetically controlled growing rods: a retrieval study
Authors: Wei Jack Z. , Hothi Harry S. , Morganti Holly , Bergiers Sean , Gal Elisabetta Dal , Likcani Doris , Henckel Johann , Hart Alister J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background To assess the relationship between mechanical wear and the failure of the internal lengthening mechanism in retrieved MAGnetic Expansion Control (MAGEC) growing rods. Methods This study included 34 MAGEC rods retrieved from 20 patients. The state of the internal mechanism and mechanical wear were assessed in all the rods using plain radiographs and visual inspection. Metrology was then performed to assess the topography and mechanical wear of the telescopic bars, using a Talyrond 365 (Taylor Hobson, Leicester, UK) roundness measuring machine. Results Plain radiographs showed evidence of a broken internal mechanism in 29% of retrieved rods. Single-side wear marks were found in 97% of retrieved rods. Material loss was found to significantly increase in rods with a damaged internal mechanism (p<0.05) and rods with longer time in situ (r=0.692, p<0.05). Conclusion We found an association between damage to the internal mechanism of the rods and (1) patterns of single-side longitudinal wear marks and (2) increased material loss. As the material loss was also found to increase over time of rod in situ, we emphasise the importance of early detection and revision of failed MAGEC rods in clinical practice.
Risk perception and Emotion evaluation of Health care workers varied during different periods of COVID-19: a repeated cross-sectional research
Authors: Yin Qianlan , Hou Tianya , Liu Ying , Chen Aibin , Song Xiangrui , Cai Wenpeng , Deng Guanghui , Dong Wei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Health care workers (HCWs) on the front line of the COVID-19 were facing greater risks than usual, and their perception of these risks could also be an important part of their anti-epidemic work. This study aimed to examine risk perception and negative emotions of during two periods of the COVID-19 and emphasized emotional intervention management of HCWs impacting the risk perceptions and self-protection and would provide plausible intervention points for the psychological aid under a stressful condition.Methods The current study was adapted a repeated cross-sectional research participated by 504 Chinese HCWs who were assigned to work at the current disease resistance line. The demographic information about gender, profession, and location were collected in the demographic questionnaire. Risk perception questionnaire was adapted for COVID-19 to assess risk perception and the Chinese version of emotional self-rating scale (PANAS) was used to evaluate HCWs’ negative emotions.Results Findings revealed the risk perception and negative emotions of HCWs varied in different gender, profession and the location, as well as in different periods of COVID-19. Besides, the levels of tension, fear, worry and risk perception were higher during Period 1 than they were during Periods 2 of COVID-19. Over the different periods, the predominated negative emotions of HCWs presented varied, but the positive relations to risk perception were consisted and could be a significant predictor of risk perception. Worry was found to be closely related to and a significant predictor of high-level risk perception in the period 1; whereas in the period 2 the predictive type of negative emotion was tension.Conclusion The significance of this research lies in its examination of risk perception and negative emotions of HCWs combating the COVID-19 during two periods of the pandemic. The findings showed both risk perception and negative emotions of HCWs were affected by the COVID-19 and underscored the importance of negative emotions as a significant factor for risk perception of Chinese HCWs enduring the great challenge of pandemic. To ensure safety and prevent the return of the pandemics, it would be better to monitor the risk perception and negative emotions of HCWs and emphasize the risk protection behaviors.
Analysis of Sagittal Profile and Radiographic Parameters in Symptomatic Thoracolumbar Disc Herniation Patients
Authors: Gao Ang , Wang Yongqiang , Yu Miao , Liu Xiaoguang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Few studies describe thoracolumbar disc herniation (TLDH) as an isolated category, it is frequently classified as the lower thoracic spine or upper lumbar spine. Thus, less is known about the morphology and aetiology of TLDH compared to lumbar disc herniation (LDH)The aim of study is to investigate sagittal alignment in TLDH, and analyze sagittal profile with radiographic parameters.Methods Data from 70 patients diagnosed with TLDH were retrospectively reviewed. The thoracic-lumbar alignment was depicted by description of curvatures (the apex of lumbar curvature, the apex of thoracic curvature, and inflexion point of the two curvatures) and radiographic parameters from complete standing long-cassette spine radiographs. The rank sum test was utilised to compare radiographic parameters values in each subtype. Results We found two subtypes differentiated by the apex of thoracic kyphotic curves. The apex of the thoracic kyphotic curve located in the middle thoracic spine in type I, and the apex of the thoracic kyphotic curve located in the thoracolumbar region in type II patients. Thirty-six patients were classified as type I, and 34 patients were classified as type II. The mean sagittal vertical axis, T1 pelvic angle and L1 pelvic angle were 27.9±24.8°, 8.2±7.3° and 6.2±4.9°, respectively. There was significant difference (p<0.001) of thoracolumbar angle between type I patients (14.9±7.9°) and type II patients (29.1±13.7°).Conclusions We presented two distinctive sagittal profiles in TLDH patients, and a regional kyphotic deformity with a balanced spine was validated in both subtypes. In view of the different curvatures, different aetiologies were discovered in each subtype. Mismatch between shape and SS value was observed, and better agreement was found in Type II patients.