bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The turning point and end of an expanding epidemic cannot be precisely forecast
Authors: Castro Mario , Ares Saúl , Cuesta José A. , Manrubia Susanna 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Susceptible–infected–removed (SIR) models and their extensions are widely used to describe the dynamics of infection spreading. Certain generic features of epidemics are well-illustrated by these models, which can be remarkably good at reproducing empirical data through suitably chosen parameters. However, this does not assure a good job anticipating the forthcoming stages of the process. To illustrate this point, we accurately describe the propagation of COVID-19 in Spain using one such model and show that predictions for its subsequent evolution are disparate, even contradictory. The future of ongoing epidemics is so sensitive to parameter values that predictions are only meaningful within a narrow time window and in probabilistic terms, much as what we are used to in weather forecasts.
Effective group dispersion of terahertz quantum-cascade lasers
Authors: Röben Benjamin , Lü Xiang , Biermann Klaus , Schrottke Lutz , Grahn Holger T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) are based on complex semiconductor heterostructures, in which the optical gain is generated by intersubband transitions. Using the spacing of the laser modes in the emission spectra, we have determined the effective group refractive index

n

g
,

e
f
f

for more than one hundred THz QCLs of the hybrid design with Fabry–Pérot resonators based on single-plasmon waveguides. The experimentally obtained values of

n

g
,

e
f
f

for emission frequencies between 2.5 and 5.6 THz generally follow the trend of

n

g
,

e
f
f

derived from electromagnetic simulations. However, for a certain number of QCLs, the experimental values of

n

g
,

e
f
f

exhibit a rather large deviation from the general trend and the simulation results. From a thorough analysis, we conclude that differences in the optical gain/loss spectra are responsible for this deviation, which lead to a modification of the dispersion in the active region and consequently to altered values of

n

g
,

e
f
f

. The analysis also provides evidence that these differences in the gain/loss spectra originate from both, the details of the design and the gain broadening due to interface roughness.
A high operating voltage micro-supercapacitor based on the interlamellar modulation type Ti3C2Tx MXene
Authors: Feng Xin , Ning Jing , Xia Maoyang , Guo Haibin , Zhou Yu , Wang Dong , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The increasing demand for miniaturized, wearable, and flexible electronics has promoted the development of micro power sources such as microsupercapacitors (MSCs). This work reports a high-performance MSC based on Ti3C2Tx-layer/MnO2-nanorod with an ionic liquid gel electrolyte, achieving a high areal capacitance of 24.7 mF cm−2 within a wide voltage window of 2.5 V. The specific layer–rod interlaced structure of Ti3C2Tx/MnO2 is designed to solve the inaccessibility of large-sized ions in ionic liquids into Ti3C2Tx layers. As a result, the structure modification provides an enhanced capacitance because the expanded interspace enables a sufficient number of large-sized ions to intercalate/deintercalate. This work provides insightful guidance for the interlaminar modification of Ti3C2Tx MXene to accommodate high operating voltage electrolyte with large-sized ions to obtain high-performance MSCs.
The effects of nonlinear thermal fluctuation and series junction array on high-T
c superconducting terahertz mixer performance
Authors: Gao Xiang , Du Jia , Zhang Ting , Bu Xiangyuan , An Jianping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sensitive high-T
c superconducting (HTS) heterodyne receivers are envisioned as promising technologies for terahertz (THz) communication and sensing applications due to the lack of power efficient sources in the band. HTS device properties, particularly the noise temperature, are dependent on complicated factors that include multiple noise sources as well as the interaction between Josephson junction and radio-frequency (RF) networks. We report investigations on the device properties of an HTS THz mixer in the presence of nonlinear thermal fluctuation and series junction array. By using the three-port analysis method, it is observed that the Planck and quantum noises representing nonlinear thermal fluctuation plays a significant role in the cases of smaller fluctuation parameters and higher signal frequencies. The influence of series junction array on mixer performance is also studied, which shows that there is an optimum junction number dependent on the normalized RF source impedance. The measured results of a broadband antenna-coupled HTS single-junction mixer agree well with that obtained by numerical simulation. The results predict that noise performance, conversion gain and operating bandwidth would be considerably improved if a series junction array with a suitable junction number is used for heterodyne mixing.
Microwave-assisted synthesized porous clay heterostructure-Zn/Si from montmorillonite for citronellal conversion into isopulegol
Authors: Rubiyanto Dwiarso , Prakoso Nurcahyo Iman , Khoirunnisa  , Citradewi Putwi Widya , Purwiandono Gani , Sagadevan Suresh , Fatimah Is 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Microwave-assisted synthesis method was applied for producing porous clay heterostructure-Zn/Si heterostructure from Indonesian natural montmorillonite. The porous montmorillonite heterostructure was prepared by previously intercalating cetyl trimethyl ammonium as templating agent and surfactant, and trimethyl ammonium hydroxide as co-surfactant, followed by the introducing Zn–Si precursor solution for the sol-gel reaction of porous formation. The comparison of the use of microwave-assisted synthesis and hydrothermal method for the porous formation was studied. Physicochemical characterization by using XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, gas sorption analysis, and FTIR method. Effect of the evolution of the surface characters on its catalytic activity in citronellal conversion into isopulegol was studied. The characterization by XRD informed the increasing basal spacing d001 from 1.57 nm into 3.71 nm by the microwave-assisted method, meanwhile the hydrothermal method produced 3.56 nm spacing. The increasing specific surface area from 98.82 m2 g−1 into 752.95 m2 g−1 and 409.95 m2 g−1 for microwave-assisted synthesized and hydrothermal synthesized composites, were obtained. These profiles are attributed to the increasing surface acidity determined by pyridine-adsorption method and n-butylamine titration method, and contributed to the significant increasing catalytic activity. The time-efficient synthesis method obtained by the microwave-assisted method is good alternative for the preparation of highly active montmorillonite heterostructure composite for acid-catalyzed organic reaction.
Effect of the Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blocker, Esaxerenone, on Nocturnal Hypertension: A Post Hoc Analysis of the ESAX-HTN Study
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Ito Sadayoshi , Itoh Hiroshi , Rakugi Hiromi , Okuda Yasuyuki , Yoshimura Motonobu , Yamakawa Satoru 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Nocturnal hypertension is an important phenotype of abnormal diurnal blood pressure (BP) variability and a known risk marker for target organ damage and cardiovascular events. This study aimed to assess the differential BP-lowering effects of esaxerenone vs. eplerenone on nocturnal BP in hypertensive patients with different nocturnal dipping patterns.

METHODS
This was a post hoc analysis of the “Esaxerenone (CS-3150) Compared to Eplerenone in Patients with Essential Hypertension” study (NCT02890173), which was a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel-group clinical study conducted in Japan. Ambulatory BP monitoring data were collected.

RESULTS
Patients (n = 1,001) were randomized to esaxerenone 2.5 mg/day (n = 331) or 5 mg/day (n = 338), or eplerenone 50 mg/day (n = 332). Reductions in nighttime systolic BP (95% confidence interval) were significantly greater with 2.5 and 5 mg/day esaxerenone vs. eplerenone (−2.6 [−5.0, −0.2] and −6.4 mm Hg [−8.8, −4.0], respectively). Esaxerenone significantly reduced nighttime BP from baseline compared with eplerenone in non-dippers with previously uncontrolled BP. In addition, esaxerenone did not markedly alter nighttime BP in extreme dipper patients. In the esaxerenone 5 mg/day group, esaxerenone-induced decreases in nighttime BP were greater than eplerenone-induced decreases in older patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Esaxerenone may be an effective treatment option for nocturnal hypertension, especially in older patients and those with a non-dipper pattern of nocturnal BP.
Pancreatic Microcirculation Profiles in the Progression of Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Liu Mingming , Song Xiaohong , Wang Bing , Li Yuan , Li Ailing , Zhang Jian , Zhang Honggang , Xiu Ruijuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Emerging evidence indicates that the pancreas serves as a major source of degrading protease activities and that uncontrolled proteolytic receptor cleavage occurs under hypertensive conditions, which leading to systemic dysfunction and end-organic damage. However, changes in pancreatic microcirculation profiles during the progression of hypertension remain unknown.

METHODS
Pancreatic microcirculatory blood distribution patterns and microvascular vasomotion of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive control Wistar Kyoto rats at 5, 8, 13, and 18 weeks of age were determined. Wavelet transform analysis was performed to convert pancreatic microhemodynamic signals into time–frequency domains and construct 3-dimensional spectral scalograms. The amplitudes of characteristic oscillators including endothelial, neurogenic, myogenic, respiratory, and cardiac oscillators were compared among groups. Plasma nitrite/nitrate levels were measured using a Griess reaction. Additionally, endothelin-1, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and interleukin-6 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS
SHRs exhibited a reduced blood distribution pattern with progressively decreased average blood perfusion, amplitude, and frequency of microvascular vasomotion. Wavelet transform spectral analysis revealed significantly reduced amplitudes of endothelial oscillators from 8- to 18-week-old SHRs. Additionally, the blood microcirculatory chemistry complements explained the microhemodynamic profiles partially, as demonstrated by an increase in plasma nitrite/nitrate, endothelin-1, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-6 levels and a decreased superoxide dismutase level in SHRs.

CONCLUSIONS
Pancreatic microcirculation profiles are abnormal in the progression of hypertension in SHRs, including a disarranged blood distribution pattern, impaired microvascular vasomotion, and reduced amplitudes of endothelial oscillators.
obaDIA: one-step biological analysis pipeline for data-independent acquisition and other quantitative proteomics data
Authors: Yan Jun , Zhai Hongning , Zhu Ling , Sa Sasha , Ding Xiaojun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Data mining and data quality evaluation are indispensable constituents of quantitative proteomics, but few integrated tools available.

Results
We introduced obaDIA, a one-step pipeline to generate visualizable and comprehensive results for quantitative proteomics data. obaDIA supports fragment-level, peptide-level and protein-level abundance matrices from DIA technique, as well as protein-level abundance matrices from other quantitative proteomic techniques. The result contains abundance matrix statistics, differential expression analysis, protein functional annotation and enrichment analysis. Additionally, enrichment strategies which use total proteins or expressed proteins as background are optional, and HTML based interactive visualization for differentially expressed proteins in the KEGG pathway is offered, which helps biological significance mining. In short, obaDIA is an automatic tool for bioinformatics analysis for quantitative proteomics.

Availability and implementation
obaDIA is freely available from https://github.com/yjthu/obaDIA.git.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Behavioral Causes, Ecological Consequences, and Management Challenges Associated with Wildlife Foraging in Human-Modified Landscapes
Authors: Fehlmann Gaelle , O'riain M Justin , FÜrtbauer Ines , King Andrew J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHumans have altered up to half of the world's land surface. Wildlife living within or close to these human-modified landscapes are presented with opportunities and risks associated with feeding on human-derived foods (e.g., agricultural crops and food waste). Understanding whether and how wildlife adapts to these landscapes is a major challenge, with thousands of studies published on the topic over the past 10 years. In the present article, we build on established theoretical frameworks to understand the behavioral causes of crop and urban foraging by wildlife. We then develop and extend this framework to describe the multifaceted ecological consequences of crop and urban foraging for the individuals and populations in which they arise, with emphasis on social species for which interactions with people are, on balance, negative (commonly referred to as raiding species). Finally, we discuss the management challenges faced by urban and rural land managers, businesses, and government organizations in mitigating human–wildlife conflicts and propose ways to improve the lives of both wildlife and humans living in human-modified landscapes and to promote coexistence.
Infectious Diseases/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Physician Ambassadors: Advancing Policy to Improve Health
Authors: Brito Maximo O , Dugdale Caitlin M , Collins-Ogle Michelle , Snowden Jessica , Wheeler David A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Infectious diseases/human immunodeficiency virus (ID/HIV) physicians and other healthcare professionals advocate within the healthcare system to ensure adults and children receive effective treatment. These advocacy skills can be used to inform domestic and global infectious diseases policies to improve healthcare systems and public health. ID/HIV physicians have a unique frontline perspective to share with federal policymakers regarding how programs and policies benefit patients and public health. Providing this input is critical to the enactment of legislation that will maximize the response to infectious diseases. This article discusses the advocacy of ID/HIV physicians and other healthcare professionals in federal health policy. Key issues include funding for ID/HIV programs; the protection of public health and access to healthcare; improving research opportunities; and advancing the field of ID/HIV, including supporting the next generation of ID/HIV clinicians. The article also describes best practices for advocacy and provides case studies illustrating the impact of ID/HIV physician advocacy.
Gut microbiota composition in obese and non-obese adult relatives from the highlands of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Jonduo Marinjho E , Wawae Lorry , Masiria Geraldine , Suda Wataru , Hattori Masahira , Takayasu Lena , Abdad Mohammad Y , Greenhill Andrew R , Horwood Paul F , Pomat William , Umezaki Masahiro 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Obesity is a condition that results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Recently, obesity has been linked to differences in the composition of gut microbiota. To examine this association in Papua New Guinea (PNG) highlanders, fecal samples were collected from 18 adults; nine obese participants were paired with their non-obese relative. Amplification of the 16S rRNA gene targeting the V1–V2 region was performed on DNA extracts for each participant, with high-quality sequences selected and used for operational taxonomic unit clustering. The data showed Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the two dominant phyla, while at genus level Prevotella was the most dominant genus in all of the samples. Nonetheless, statistical evaluation of potential association between nutritional status and bacterial abundance at both phyla and genus levels showed no significant difference. Further studies, ideally in both rural and urban areas, are needed to evaluate the role of the gut microbiome in the occurrence of obesity in PNG and other resource-limited settings.
The geometry and dynamics of Danish anchor seine ropes on the seabed
Authors: O’Neill F G , Noack T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present a two-dimensional kinematic description of the geometry and dynamics of the ropes of demersal seines during deployment, towing, and hauling, using piriform curves. Piriforms (which means pear shaped) are relatively simple analytical curves, which we parameterize, using basic positional and operational data from typical Danish anchor seine hauls. We then demonstrate how we can estimate the area fished, and the speed, direction and angle of attack of any part of the seine net rope, at any time during the fishing process. This sort of information is fundamental to a better understanding of the capture process of demersal seines, their whole gear selectivity, and their environmental impact.
The Impact of Internet and Social Media Use on Well-Being: A Longitudinal Analysis of Adolescents Across Nine Years
Authors: Schemer Christian , Masur Philipp K , Geiß Stefan , Müller Philipp , Schäfer Svenja 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The present research examines the longitudinal average impact of frequency of use of Internet and social networking sites (SNS) on subjective well-being of adolescents in Germany. Based on five-wave panel data that cover a period of nine years, we disentangle between-person and within-person effects of media use on depressive symptomatology and life satisfaction as indicators of subjective well-being. Additionally, we control for confounders such as TV use, self-esteem, and satisfaction with friends. We found that frequency of Internet use in general and use of SNS in particular is not substantially related subjective well-being. The explanatory power of general Internet use or SNS use to predict between-person differences or within-person change in subjective well-being is close to zero. TV use, a potentially confounding variable, is negatively related to satisfaction with life, but it does not affect depressive symptomatology. However, this effect is too small to be of practical relevance.
When Sharing Isn’t Caring: The Influence of Seeking The Best on Sharing Favorable Word of Mouth about Unsatisfactory Purchases
Authors: Olson Nicholas J , Ahluwalia Rohini 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPast research generally finds that if consumers share word of mouth about past purchases with others, the valence of the information tends to be congruent with actual perceptions. Thus, a negative purchase experience should elicit negative (vs. positive) word of mouth. We examine how a goal of attaining the best possible outcome, or maximizing, may alter this tendency. Drawing on prior work demonstrating that consumers may view their own personal failures more favorably through relative comparisons with others faring similarly or worse, we show that maximizing increases consumers’ propensity to share favorable word of mouth about unsatisfactory purchases, in an effort to encourage others to make the same poor choices, as they seek to enhance the perceived relative standing of and post-purchase feelings toward their own unsatisfying outcomes. We further show that consumers particularly exhibit this behavior when sharing with psychologically close (vs. distant) others, as comparisons with close others are especially relevant to relative standing. Finally, we consider the downstream consequences of such behavior, finding that when consumers successfully persuade close others to make the same bad decisions, they feel better about their own outcomes, but are also burdened with feelings of guilt that erode their overall wellbeing.
Living in the Shadow of Political Decisions: Former Refugees’ Experiences of Supporting Newly Arrived Refugee Minors
Authors: Randell Eva , Osman Fatumo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Intending to support the cultural integration of unaccompanied refugee minors into the Swedish society, the Save the Children charity organization arranged meeting places in 2018 in four municipalities in Sweden. The mentors for the activities at these meeting places were recruited among former refugees who themselves had arrived in Sweden as unaccompanied minors. The study aimed to explore the experiences of being a mentor offering peer support to unaccompanied minor refugees at the meeting places. In this study, four semi-structured group interviews were conducted at the meeting places with 14 mentors, also former refugees. Data were analysed using thematic network analysis. Although the respondents expressed frustration concerning the Swedish migration politics, they all perceived the helping role as of utmost importance and connected this to positive emotions. The study highlights the unique contributions of peer support to the integration process of refugee minors by mentors providing social support, sharing experience-based knowledge and helping minors to navigate an often confusing and complex welfare system.
Journeys to Health: The Case of Chilean Exiles in the UK
Authors: Gideon Jasmine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Taking the idea of refugee ‘journeys to health’ (Newbold and McKeary, 2018) as a point of departure this paper examines the case of Chilean exiles in the UK. Reflecting on interviews conducted with Chilean exiles the analysis highlights how the health-related challenges that many people have experienced change over time. For some the passing of time has enabled people to make sense of what happened to them following the military coup in Chile in 1979 and this has helped them to ‘move on’. For others, on-going challenges remain, for example a number of people still experienced PTSD. The paper also reflects on the difficulties encountered by refugees when dealing with formal health providers. While all of the respondents had full entitlements to NHS services the paper reflects on the informal barriers that continue to shape refugees’ engagement with health care providers and limit their ability to address health concerns.