bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fruit Quality and Storability of Some Asian Pear Cultivars Collected in the Gene Bank of the Research Institute of Horticulture, Central Poland
Authors: Skorupińska Anna , Kruczyńska Dorota E. , Konopacka Dorota , Kaczmarek Urszula , Rutkowski Krzysztof P. , Jóźwiak Zbigniew B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the fruit quality of 13 Asian pear cultivars grown in climatic conditions of central Poland. The following cultivars were tested: ‘Chojuro’, ‘Hayatama’, ‘Hosui’, ‘Kosui’, ‘Yuan Huang’, ‘Nijisseiki’, ‘Dżin Li’, ‘Er Shi Shinge’, ‘Er Jang Li’, ‘Golden 20th’, ‘Min Czi Li’, ‘San Li’, and ‘Shinseiki’. Pears were harvested in Experimental Orchard of Research Institute of Horticulture in Dąbrowice (near Skierniewice). Fruits were stored for 10 weeks at 0 °C in regular atmospheric conditions. Flesh firmness (FF), total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA) were measured at harvest and after the storage followed with 1 and 7 days of shelf life (SL) at 18 °C. After the storage, the sensory evaluation was also performed. Among the tested cultivars, ‘Min Czi Li’ and ‘San Li’ were the most firm (above 45 N) and ‘Kosui’ was the least firm (below 28 N) at harvest time. High amount of TSS (above 11% in both seasons and harvest dates) was observed in ‘Chojuro’, ‘Hayatama’, ‘Kosui’, ‘Yuan Huang’, and ‘Er Jang Li’ pears. Low TSS (not more than 10.6% at harvest) was observed in ‘Nijisseiki’, ‘Dżin Li’, and ‘Er Shi Shinge’ cultivars. The large differences among cultivars were observed in TA. High TA was observed in ‘Nijisseiki’ (above 0.32% in all terms of analyses) and low TA in ‘Hayatama’ and ‘Kosui’ (below 0.14%). All of the evaluated cultivars can be stored for 10 weeks at 0 °C in regular atmosphere without major negative impact on their quality characteristics. Fruits showed a slight (sometimes significant) decrease in FF after storage and a slight or no changes in TSS and TA. In sensory evaluations, ‘Chojuro’, ‘Hayatama’, ‘Hosui’, ‘Kosui’, ‘Yuan Huang’, ‘Er Jang Li’, ‘Er Shi Shinge’, and ‘Shinseiki’ (mostly cultivars characterized by high TSS) obtained highest scores for the overall quality (above 5.0 points in 10 points scale).
Combining Ability Analysis of Ear Characteristics of Sweet Corn Hybrids Suitable for Organic Crop Production
Authors: Chozin Mohammad , Sudjatmiko Sigit 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Good knowledge of genetic merits governing the inheritance of economic traits is of paramount importance to plant breeders for crop improvement. Objectives of the study were to investigate the genetic nature of ear traits in sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata var. rugosa) based on the general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) analysis, and to determine the breeding potential of eight promising inbred lines for the development of new hybrid cultivars well suited for organic production. Thirty-six genotypes (hybrid families) derived from a half diallel cross design were grown under organic crop management at three agro-ecological zones of the tropics. Although the genotypes varied significantly for all the observed ear traits, some of them showed clear inconsistencies in performing husked ear size (length, diameter, and weight), kernel row number, and kernel number per row across environments. The combining ability analysis showed that additive gene action was more preponderance than non-additive gene actions in governing the inheritance of the studied ear traits. The inbred lines: Caps 5, Caps 17A, Caps 17B, and Caps 22 showed their potential as good partners for the improvement of ear performances as to the development of superior sweet corn cultivars for organic production.
Influence of an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus and Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacterium Inoculation at Stem Cutting Stage on P Uptake and Growth of Impatiens walleriana Plants in an Unsterile Field Soil
Authors: Thangavelu Muthukumar , Arumugam Prabhu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Microorganisms play an important role in the propagation and growth of plants. Propagation of plants through stem cuttings is a popular method widely practiced in horticulture and forestry. As the information on the interactive role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in the regeneration and growth of clonally propagated plants is limited, we inoculated stem cuttings of Impatiens walleriana with Rhizophagus fasciculatus and Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum individually or in combination in an unsterile Alfisol field soil. The inoculated cuttings were harvested after 45 days of cultivation and various growth parameters and phosphorus (P) uptake were measured. Inoculation with the AM fungus or PSB individually improved plant growth parameters, whereas the dual inoculation did not give synergistic results. Plants inoculated at cutting stage with R. fasciculatus accumulated the highest plant biomass and showed maximum microbial inoculation effect and efficiency of P uptake. Inoculation with the PSB stimulated symbiosis with native AM fungi but a synergistic effect has not been found when both AM fungi and PSB were co-inoculated. It could be concluded that screening for compatibility between microorganisms is essential before selecting the bioinoculants for dual inoculation.
Haploid Induction via In Vitro Gynogenesis in Persian Shallot (Allium hirtifolium)
Authors: Panahandeh Jaber , Farhadi Nasrin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Haploid induction using in vitro cultures of unpollinated flowers has been recognized as an important tool to produce homozygous plants for genetic studies and breeding programs. In this study the potential of gynogenic haploid induction in four ecotypes of Allium hirtifolium under different combinations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), or α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was investigated. Unpollinated flower buds were excised from an umbel 5 to 3 days before anthesis, and cultured onto B5 medium containing 7.5% sucrose and 2 mg·dm−3 BAP with auxin. The experiments revealed that NAA increased the percentage of gynogenesis induction and number of gynogenic embryos per flower in all ecotypes. Somatic organogenesis from basal callus or other floral parts was most effective on the media containing 2,4-D. Plants obtained by gynogenesis were haploid in 70–77% and plants from somatic tissue were mostly diploid.
Economic Aspects in the Raspberry Production on the Example of Farms from Poland, Serbia and Ukraine
Authors: Wróblewska Wioletta , Pawlak Joanna , Paszko Dariusz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For many years Poland and Serbia have played the dominating roles in European raspberry production. However, the growing production in Ukraine might threaten the relative stability of the raspberry market for both countries. It is projected that in the coming years Ukraine will strengthen its competitive position in relation to the current industrial raspberry production leaders. This justifies the need to conduct comparative analyses of competitive power, and its contributory factors, including production costs in individual countries. The aim of this study was to compare economic viability and cost-effectiveness in raspberry production, using the examples of selected horticultural holdings in Poland, Serbia, and Ukraine. The production volumes of raspberries in Poland, Serbia and Ukraine were analysed. The levels of costs and the financial results generated in raspberry cultivation for processing purposes were also determined, using the example of horticultural holdings in this countries. The results indicated that the direct costs in Ukraine, were just over half lower those in Poland and Serbia. The raspberry crop yields in the three investigated countries were similar, and the sales prices in the analysed years made it possible to obtain a surplus of receipts over direct costs.
The Effect of Fragmentation and Packaging of Dried Parsley Leaves on Selected Chemical and Microbiological Parameters
Authors: Sikorska-Zimny Kalina , Wójcicka Karolina , Rochmińska Anita , Rutkowski Krzysztof P. , Szewczyk Eligia M. , Lisiecki Paweł 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Parsley leaves (Petroselinum crispum) have long been known for their organoleptic properties. They are widely used in cuisine all over the world in fresh and dried form and also as pharmaceutical raw material. The presented work assessed if the storage of parsley leaves (as whole leaves or leave pieces) and packaging with PE or Xtend® foils influence the content of selected chemical compounds and the microbiological quality of the product. For this purpose, the leaves were dried, packaged and analyzed after 3 weeks’ storage under room temperature. Neither the degree of fragmentation nor the type of packaging foil affected the content of vit. C and total sugars. Higher content of reducing sugars was obtained in the samples packed in PE foil. Number of detected bacteria did not exceed the safety border. Less bacterial colonies were detected in the material packed as fragmented in the PE foil. No fungal colonies were detected in the leaves packed in the Xtend® foil.
Geometrical Optimisation of a Wing Strut Joint. Part I
Authors: Rośkowicz Marek , Jasztal Michał , Leszczyński Piotr , Wszelaki Szymon 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper provides the result of the geometrical optimisation of a wing strut joint of an aircraft. The objective of the geometrical optimisation was to modify the geometry of the wing strut joint components to meet an optimisation criterion defined as yield strength determined by static tensile testing. The geometrical optimisation was processed on a computer model of the wing strut joint using FEM (finite element method). The design variables assumed in this geometrical optimisation were the load option and boundary conditions of interaction between the wing strut joint components. An analysis carried out as part of the geometrical optimisation was based on proposing modifications to the geometry of the joint features at their maximum stress levels. The geometry optimisation results will be applied in the preparation and performance of validation strength testing of the wing strut joint assembly.
Reliability Assessment of the Transport System, Addis Ababa Case Study
Authors: Gidebo Frehaileab Admasu , Szpytko Janusz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The subject of the article is the method of assessing the reliability of the transport system on the example of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia. The transport system and its technical condition, transport infrastructure, organization of the transport system, environment (users, environmental and climatic conditions), and legal provisions, have a significant impact on the reliability of the transport system. The most common means of transport in Addis Ababa is a car (including: taxis and minibuses). An important problem in public transport is the long waiting time for the vehicles, resulting from random events accompanying transportation processes in a defined infrastructure with limited resources. The article presents also the concept of a transport system availability model for developing countries on the example of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia.
Magnetic Metal Memory in the Assessment of the Technical Condition of Crane Girders for the Needs of Safety
Authors: Kosoń-Schab Agnieszka , Szpytko Janusz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With the passage of time of exploitation of means of technological transport, their degradation takes place and the threat to operational safety increases. The source of development of fatigue damages of gantry crane girders are areas of stress concentration caused by loads. The subject of the publication is to determine the possibility of diagnosing potential damage sites of the overhead travelling crane (girders) by magnetic metal memory (MPM). As a result of the test with the use of the TSC-7M-16 ferrite magnetometer, stress concentration areas were determined in which processes leading to the reduction of material strength or damage to the material structure may take place. Residual tangential magnetic field distributions and normal components of their gradients were determined. A magnetogram database for the needs of girder diagnostics was created.
New Technical Challenges for Operators
Authors: Woźniak Danuta A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The subject of the article are new challenges for operators of machines and technical devices, in particular in the digital industry. The present reality of the environment in which man lives and works is increasingly complex. This results in certain disorders. Combined with the health, lifestyle and development aspects of medicine, shaping the operator’s reliability, remains an extremely difficult challenge. Modern technologies have enabled older workers to function on the labor market, returning to work after successful treatment of illnesses, that have recently eliminated those group of man from labor market. The above results with the new set of requirements for the development of a reliable operator of various machines and devices. Significant dispersal of men health determinants from biological, environmental, social, cultural, economic and political causes with great difficulties in consolidating specific actions, which are also a challenge for years to come.
Influence of Operating Media on the Parameters of Cement Concrete Intended for Airfield Pavements
Authors: Linek Małgorzata , Nita Piotr , Żebrowski Wojciech , Wolka Paweł 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The article presents the influence of the suggested operating media on the modification of parameters of cement concrete intended for airfield pavements. Cement concrete contains cement CEM I 42,5, granite grit, fine washed aggregate, water and air entraining as well as plasticizing additive. Analyses included the assessment of changes in mechanical and physical parameters (weight absorbability and water capillary action) of hardened concrete. The observed changes were associated with the internal structure of concrete composite. Based on the obtained results, different influence of the applied operating media on mechanical parameters of hardened concrete was determined.
Application of the Transport Problem from the Criterion of Time to Optimize Supply Network with Products „Fast-Running”
Authors: Małachowski Jerzy , Żurek Józef , Ziółkowski Jarosław , Lęgas Aleksandra 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The article presents the application in practice of a transport problem with the criterion of time to optimize the supply of store chains. When transporting perishable goods (e.g. dairy products, fruits, vegetables) the most important goal is to minimize delivery time. Shortening the delivery time gives the opportunity to meet the expectations of potential customers, as well as to maintain the functional properties of transported goods.
The Need to Recognize Conditions for River Crossing Operations in the Polish Lowlands by Military Vehicles in the Light of NATO Regulations
Authors: Mądrzycki Przemysław , Burek Monika , Marcinkowska Maria , Rusewicz Marcin , Ostrowski Piotr 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the methods for obtaining the geomorphological information needed to determine the crossing conditions of river beds as well as requirements concerning its interpretation, both historical as well as currently binding and arising from NATO normative documents. The included procedures were analyzed in view of their usefulness in estimating the possibilities of crossing river beds in the Polish lowlands. Detecting the appropriate places to cross big rivers situated in the area of the so-called “eastern NATO flank” appears to be thoroughly essential, especially in the current geopolitical situation.
Neural Networks for Tested MG Artillery Fuses
Authors: Ampuła Dariusz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The article presents the information about the usage of artificial neural networks. The automation process of neural networks of the analysed evaluation data results is highlighted. The kinds of MG type artillery fuses are described and the kinds of cartridges’ calibres, in which they are used, are also specified. The way of preparation of databases of test results to computer simulation is described. Building of neural networks determining the main technical parameters and sizes of learning, test and validation sets is characterized. The summary for chosen active neural networks for individual kinds of the analysed MG type artillery fuses is presented. Graphs of learning, values of sensibility indicators and fragments of prediction sheets for the chosen neural networks were shown.
Selected Aspects of Phonoscopic Examinations of Aircraft Records. Part I
Authors: Michalak Sławomir , Malanowicz Alicja , Prusik Tomasz , Paszek Sławomir , Rogala Krzysztof , Stępień Grzegorz , Chybowski Maciej 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The article presents crucial aspects related to examinations of records from cockpit voice recorders (CVR) and the possible effects of the application of digital correction of these type of records. It also presents the resulting limitations concerning phonoscopic recognition examinations of speakers and determining the content of their utterances. A method for the real reduction of the described limitations was suggested. Part 1 of this paper provides a theoretical introduction to the subject matter under consideration.
Field of Work and Energy Efficiency of Hydrostatic Drives on the Example of Two Tested Systems with Proportional Control of the Cylinder’s Speed
Authors: Skorek Grzegorz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The presented test results are an example of simulating determination of the hydrostatic field of the drive system and the energy efficiency of the system as a dependence on the speed and load coefficients of the hydraulic motor used in the system. The issues related to the determination of energy losses and energy efficiency of the hydraulic motor or drive system, which should be determined as dependent on the physical quantities independent of these losses, were also discussed. A Paszota diagram of the power increase in the direction opposite to the direction of the power flow, replacing the Sankey diagram of the power decrease in the direction of the power flow in the hydraulic motor or in the drive system was analyzed.
The Use of Statistical Inference in the Water Supply Network Managing Operation Process
Authors: Piegdoń Izabela 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Based on operational data concerning the dates of failure of the water supply network, a mean time to failure was performed. The calculations were performed for the main network, distribution network and water supply connections. The hypothesis about exponential working time between failures was verified using the Pearson test (χ2). The presented analyses provide an attitude of further analyses related to modelling the work of renovation and repair teams, associated with the selection of their appropriate number, and also to ensure the required level of safety and reliability of water supply to the consumers.
Reliability as an Element of Process in Managing a Fleet of Railway Vehicles
Authors: Graboń-Chałupczak Marzena 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Safe and economical devices, which are constantly growing in demand, lead to improvement of operational strategies applied in railway enterprises. Economic analysis and safety, and hence reliability and readiness, are the most important parameters in the operation of railway vehicles. The article presents a strategy for maintaining railway vehicles based on reliability indicators. The strategy was verified based on empirical research in a transport company.
Diagnostics of the Internal Combustion Engines Operation by Measurement of Crankshaft Instantaneous Angular Speed
Authors: Dereszewski Mirosław , Sikora Grzegorz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Diagnostics based on measuring of crankshaft instantaneous rotational speed allows precise location of damage to the injection system and detection of external disturbances. Active measurement of instantaneous rotational speed requires use of equipment with high sensitivity, permanent assembly at the ends of the crankshaft and the analysis of a very large amount of data.
Presented method can be used for measurement of torsional vibration of crankshaft, indirectly through simultaneous measurement of the width of the pulses generated by the encoder disks. Momentary, relative displacement of both disks determines the angle of temporary crankshaft twisting. This paper presents first results of pulse width measurement, obtained by using described system.
Use of Data from Satellite Navigation System in Operational and Strategic Management of Transport in Cities
Authors: Oskarbski Jacek , Birr Krystian , Żarski Karol 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The article presents the possibilities of using data from the Global Positioning System for the development of traffic models and examples of use this data in the transport management. Traffic models are useful tools in planning and evaluation of transport solutions, but also can be used for current, operational transport management.
Commercial Vehicles Incapacity Risk Analysis in the Transport Company
Authors: Niewczas Andrzej , Mórawski Łukasz , Dębicka Ewa , Borucka Anna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A proposal was presented to assess the incapacity risk of commercial vehicles performing transport tasks under market conditions. The risk assessment model in the form of cost was used, which is based on the determination of operational efficiency, referring the probable costs of ensuring the reliability of the transport system to the estimated threshold income. It includes costs: incidental repairs, unplanned downtime and resulting from the presumed loss of client’s trust. Operational research were carried out on a group of several dozen vehicles, registering their operational states during several years of use. The results of the research confirmed the suitability of the incapacity risk model for predicting potential expenses for guarantee the vehicle’s continuity of running in the company and to verify the selection of the vehicle brand and the period of use.
Using Fuzzy Logic to Stabilize the Position of a Multi Rotor
Authors: Bęben Karol , Grzesik Norbert , Kuźma Konrad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The article is a continuation of research into a stabilization system for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle of vertical takeoff and landing. The stabilization system was designed on the basis of a fuzzy logic Mamdani type controller. In the framework of the research, the authors built a test stand with a Multi Rotor model, which allows “Hardware In The Loop” testing in real time. The control system was written in the Matlab/Simulink software and implemented to the Arduino microcontroller.
Analysis of the Operation Process of Vehicles Equipped with Telematic On-Board Systems
Authors: Siergiejczyk Mirosław , Rosiński Adam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Modern vehicles are equipped with telematic on-board systems, which connect electronic devices between them. The sent data are among others used to control systems and devices. They also have a certain operational potential. They can, indeed, also be used to rationalize the technical service of the vehicle fleet. This publication presents the author’s graph of the operation process, including the monitoring of the vehicle fleet. The application of the presented approach will contribute to the improvement of the value of certain vehicle reliability and operation indicators.