bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salmonid Biomass in Streams Around the World: A Quantitative Synthesis
Authors: Foote Kyleisha J. , Grant James W. A. , Biron Pascale M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSalmonid fishes are one of the best studied fish taxa, but little is known about their biomass distribution. We created a dataset using published material for over 1000 rivers with estimated salmonid biomass, covering 27 countries, and 11 species. The distribution of salmonid biomass and production across streams was skewed to the right with a mean biomass and production of 5.2 g/m2 (range = 0–70.3 g/m2) and 6.3 g/m2/year (range = 0.03–50.2 g/m2/year), respectively. The top 10% and 1% of salmonid streams in the world had a biomass > 11.9 and 36.5 g/m2, respectively, and a production > 13.9 and 25.6 g/m2/year, respectively. Salmonid production was positively correlated with biomass (r = 0.82, n = 194), with a mean production to biomass (P/B) ratio of 1.08, which differed among species. Mean biomass declined 38% over time, from 8.6 g/m2 before 1980 to 5.4 g/m2 in 2000–2020. Biomass was also higher in small streams (< 10 m wide) and in streams where smaller areas were sampled. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) streams represented a higher proportion of those with biomass > 10 g/m2 than many other species. In addition to the variables mentioned above, salmonid biomass in streams was affected by species, season, method of sampling, elevation, latitude, and migratory strategy. Expanding the list of variables would be useful for developing models to predict salmonid biomass and the conditions for an outstanding salmonid stream, defined as a stream which has a biomass estimate in the top 1% worldwide.
Exploring Perception Disparities in Agricultural Risk Management Process Training: An Analysis of Skill Transfer Perspectives Between Supervisors and Trainees
Authors: Mukasa Pontious Mubiru , Miiro Richard , Obaa Bernard , Mutebi Henry , Kizza James , Kiwanuka Joseph 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study explores the comprehensive examination of Agricultural Risk Management (ARM) process skill transfer dynamics between supervisors and trainees. The main points encompass understanding the details of the ARM process and identifying perceptual discrepancies in rating the level of transfer between trainees and supervisors. The investigation aims to contribute valuable insights into refining ARM process dissemination strategies for improved agricultural resilience. Employing a cross‐sectional mixed‐method approach, this research utilized independent t‐tests for quantitative data analysis, facilitated by SPSS software. Furthermore, qualitative data underwent meticulous thematic content analysis conducted through Atlas.ti. The participant demographic characteristics, showcasing a balanced gender distribution among trainees and supervisors, highlighted the cohort's diverse educational backgrounds and qualifications. Trainees exhibited varying educational levels, while supervisors mainly possess advanced degrees, signalling their potential sway in mentoring dynamics. The study uncovered notable gaps within the ARM process framework, notably the absence of comprehensive risk assessment, diversified strategies, formal monitoring mechanisms, and the incorporation of behavioural and financial elements. Emphasizing collaboration and proactive approaches toward addressing long‐term risks, particularly climate change adaptation, emerged as pivotal components. Significantly, the study revealed marked differences in perceptions between supervisors and trainees regarding ARM skill transfer, accentuating the necessity for tailor‐made training initiatives. The implications drawn from this study underline the critical necessity for customized training modules that consider the distinct needs and perceptions of supervisors and trainees. Furthermore, fostering enhanced collaboration and advocating for a comprehensive approach to mitigating long‐term agricultural risks, notably the impacts of climate change, emerge as imperative strategies. These implications carry profound significance in refining risk management practices, bolstering agricultural resilience and ensuring sustainable agricultural practices.
Green Alignment, Green Vocational Education and Training, Green Skills and Related Subjects: A Literature Review on Actors, Contents and Regional Contexts
Authors: Albertz Annabell , Pilz Matthias 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study conducts an exploratory and integrative literature review to investigate the discourse on various concepts and terms related to the green alignment of vocational education and training (VET). The study focuses on the key actors setting the discourse, the content within it and the regional contexts in which the discourse occurs. A review of 85 international publications reveals that the discourse is predominantly shaped by the perspectives of policy and research, with international organisations playing a prominent role in the policy strand. While green skills are primarily associated with green jobs in the labour market, green VET encompasses the process of greening VET providers. This discourse appears to be especially prevalent in the Asia‐Pacific region and in Africa. The results of the study provide policy and research actors with a nuanced understanding of the discourse, enabling policy actors to integrate scientific insights more effectively into their decision‐making processes and foster a more constructive dialogue between policy and research.
“We Only Escort Women to the Health Facility”: Traditional birth attendants and the performance of indicator‐driven care in rural Tanzania
Authors: Cogburn Megan D. , Yunus Rafiq Mohamed 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGlobal health regimes have reversed the role of traditional birth attendants (TBAs) from partners in the fight against maternal and child mortality to barriers to indicator‐driven care. In rural Tanzania, widespread fear of government surveillance and punishment for non‐compliant individuals and organizations that climaxed during the presidency of the late John Magufuli (2015–2021) put increased pressure on TBAs. To negotiate tensions, TBAs adopted the position that they only escort women to health facilities for birth. We argue that TBAs’ insistence on this only both occludes and protects their multiple caring roles and responsibilities in a context of harsher home birth penalties, yet limited efforts to improve systemic shortages in the rural health system. TBAs’ performance of “we only escort women” operates both as the sedimentation of policies, a way to resist them, and means to hold space for TBAs in the wake of ambiguous global and national health policies.
Rate of Interest and Intertemporal Preferences in Multisectoral Frameworks: A Critical View
Authors: Bellino Enrico , Brondino Gabriel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses a closure of Sraffa's price system found in some neoclassical literature, which involves equating the rate of interest with the rate of time preference. This closure aims to reconnect the rate of interest with individuals' intertemporal preferences. We identify two significant shortcomings of this approach: its reliance on the notion of capital as a single factor and the restrictions on individual preferences arising from intertemporal consumption choices. These limitations cast doubt on the plausibility of linking the interest rate to intertemporal preferences, particularly regarding the thriftiness of an economic system, thereby highlighting ongoing challenges in neoclassical capital theory.
Categorising Instrumental Playing Techniques in Terms of Gestures: the Case of Pression for One Cellist by Helmut Lachenmann
Authors: Féron François‐Xavier 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPression (1969–70; rev. 2010) for one cellist, by Helmut Lachenmann, features a wide variety of extended playing techniques. The goal of the composer was to develop his concept of musique concrète instrumentale based on the organisation of complex sound structures and to highlight the energy hidden behind sound production. The score, which is essentially prescriptive, indicates via detailed schemes and textual information the actions to be performed by the musician. The physical instrument itself is meticulously scrutinised by the cellist, who plays sometimes with the bow, sometimes directly with his/her hands on the strings, the bridge, the top, the tailpiece and even on the bow itself. Through various gestures, he/she reveals unexpected and extraordinary sounds. This article proposes a conceptual framework to describe and classify all of Pression’s instrumental techniques. To this end, I use notions developed by Claude Cadoz with respect to gestures in music, especially the distinction between excitation gestures and modification gestures. Excitation gestures produce the vibratory phenomenon, whereas modification gestures adjust the parameters of the vibrating object. Each extended technique can be decomposed into a combination of these two fundamental gestures. The framework I have designed aims to help musicians as well as musicologists to better understand this singular piece for cello solo.
Nutri‐Farming! Estimating the Impacts of a Nutritional Security Programme on Agricultural Productivity
Authors: Agarwal Sarthak , Chatterjee Somdeep 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWhile global efforts towards enhancing nutrition security have been accelerating through agricultural interventions, surprisingly little is known about the causal impacts of such targeted programmes on crop yields. Using longitudinal data from the ICRISAT‐DLD, we study India's flagship ‘Nutri‐Farms Scheme’ and find that the programme led to an increase in wheat yields to the tune of 6.4%. Our identification strategy relies on plausibly exogenous variation generated by the institutional features of implementation of the programme. As potential mechanisms for these effects, we find evidence of increased investments in inputs and changes in production technology. Our results are robust to various checks for threats to identification including event‐study analysis, alternate control group, test of randomisation, allowing for linear time trends and controlling for various potential confounders. Back‐of‐the‐envelope calculations suggest that these unintended spillovers can potentially recover approximately 2% of the costs of the programme annually.
Fetus in fetu: the importance of autopsy in uncovering hidden abnormalities
Authors: Gurusamy Umamaheswari , Goel Vartika , Devadasan Shyama 
Published: February 2025

Fetus in fetu (FIF) is a rare anomaly of embryogenesis in which a malformed parasitic twin is found within the body of the normally developed host twin. It has a reported incidence of 1 per 500 000 births with a 2:1 male predominance. The authors present a unique case of FIF, where autopsy investigation played a pivotal role in identifying this exceptionally rare anomaly, rarely documented in the literature. A primigravida woman in her early 20s was diagnosed with FIF at 13+3 weeks of gestation. She opted for medical termination of her pregnancy. The postmortem examination confirmed the diagnosis of FIF. Malformations in both fetuses, namely, partial urorectal septum malformation in the parasitic twin and heterotaxy syndrome in the host twin, were unmasked by fetal autopsy.The significance of autopsy examination in FIF cases is underscored by our case, as it facilitates the diagnosis of this rare entity and the reporting of congenital anomalies in the aforementioned.
How can we best manage ovarian sebaceous carcinomas arising from mature cystic teratomas?
Authors: Peng Hong Min Shaye , Chew Sung Hock , Ng Yang Huang Grace , Chin Felicia Hui Xian 
Published: February 2025

Sebaceous carcinoma arising from ovarian mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) is exceedingly rare, with only 19 cases reported in the literature. We present a novel case of a woman in her 60s who experienced lower abdominal pain and a large pelvic mass. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, lymph node dissection, omentectomy and peritoneal washings. Intraoperative frozen section analysis confirmed a malignant tumour, favouring squamous cell carcinoma, possibly arising from an MCT. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and she remains disease free after 28 months.Our review revealed that most cases presented at early International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages (70%), with unilateral tumours averaging 16.7 cm. Surgery was the mainstay of treatment, with salpingo-oophorectomy performed universally. Adjuvant chemotherapy was infrequent (20%), and mismatch repair deficiency was noted in 57.1% of tested cases. The median disease-free interval was 19 months. This case underscores the rarity of sebaceous carcinoma in MCTs and highlights the critical need for further research to establish evidence-based guidelines for optimal management and prognosis.
Early increase in carotid intima-media thickness in women with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes compared with healthy peers: the Norwegian Atherosclerosis and Childhood Diabetes study
Authors: Simeunovic Aida , Brunborg Cathrine , Heier Martin , Berg Tore Julsrud , Dahl-Jorgensen Knut , Margeirsdottir Hanna Dis 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe risk of cardiovascular disease is increased in individuals with type 1 diabetes, despite good glycemic control. This study aims to evaluate early signs of atherosclerosis and predisposing factors in individuals with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes compared with healthy controls.Research design and methodsThe Atherosclerosis and Childhood Diabetes study is a prospective population-based cohort study with follow-up every fifth year. The cohort consists of 329 subjects with type 1 diabetes and 173 controls. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was measured at baseline and 5 and 10 years of follow-up. Data from the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry were used in assessment of traditional risk factors.ResultsMean cIMT in young women with type 1 diabetes increased significantly over a 10-year period compared with healthy controls (∆0.019 mm (0.001–0.035), p=0.035). At the 10-year follow-up the group with type 1 diabetes had a mean age of 24.2±2.9 years (13.7±2.8 years at baseline), diabetes duration of 15.6±3.4 years (5.4±3.3 years at baseline) and HbA1c of 8.2±3.6% (66±16 mmol/mol) (8.4±3.4% (68±13 mmol/mol) at baseline). Women with type 1 diabetes had significantly higher mean weight, body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, while men with type 1 diabetes had significantly higher mean DBP and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio compared with the control group. Mean cIMT change over time was not associated with long-term HbA1c or LDL-cholesterol burden in childhood and adolescence.ConclusionYoung women with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes of relatively short diabetes duration had a higher mean cIMT over a 10-year period compared with their healthy female controls, with values similar to males.
Successful strategies that address gender-related barriers and promote bodily autonomy within efforts to scale up and sustain postpregnancy contraception: a scoping review
Authors: Castro Arachu , Kabra Rita , Coates Anna , Kiarie James 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionAcknowledging the integral role of bodily autonomy in advancing gender equality, our study aimed to assess the extent to which strategies used in postpartum and postabortion contraception have effectively equipped women, girls and gender-diverse individuals with the tools, knowledge and resources required to make autonomous decisions that align with their diverse life experiences.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review using the databases PubMed, EBSCOhost, EMBASE and SciSpace. We included implementation, evaluation and experimental studies published in any language between 2013 and 2023 and excluded studies not meeting these criteria. We used a WHO scale to determine the level of gender responsiveness.ResultsWe found 30 implementation, evaluation and experimental studies published in any language between 2013 and 2023. We categorised the strategies following the WHO scale as gender-transformative (4 studies), gender-specific (24 studies) and gender-sensitive (2 studies). None of the studies reported strategies hindering reproductive health and rights. All strategies involved women and girls, and none explicitly targeted gender-diverse people capable of childbearing.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of integrating gender-transformative activities into postpregnancy contraceptive strategies and underscores the necessity of understanding and addressing local gender norms and the broader health system context to promote bodily autonomy effectively. The findings suggest that success should not be solely measured by contraceptive uptake but also by how well interventions address gender-related barriers.
Exploration of trust in participatory health research partnerships across two timepoints: a network approach
Authors: Gilfoyle Meghan , Salsberg Jon , Macfarlane Anne , McCarthy Miriam , MacCarron Padraig 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe value of a participatory approach to the generation of evidence for health and social services from a moral, methodological and policy level continues to gain recognition globally. Trust is a crucial mechanism in the participatory health research (PHR) process and is strongly influenced by context. However, gaps remain in conceptualising and operationalising trust over time in PHR partnerships.ObjectiveThis case study seeks to address these gaps by exploring the evolution of trust multidimensionally across two timepoints.Setting and participantsParticipants in a PHR project called the Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) Ignite Network in Ireland (n=57 (T1); n=56 (T2)) were invited to complete a network survey at two timepoints. The PPI Ignite Network had local and national partners.Network measuresSeveral core social network measures were calculated at both timepoints to characterise the differences between trust dimensions and between local and national partners.ResultsSubtle changes were observed across most network measures over the two timepoints. While there was a slight decrease in the number of connections for each trust dimension throughout the PPI Ignite Network, connections that were consistently nominated in both timepoints increased slightly. Some trust dimensions, such as vulnerability and integrity, were more similar, while others, like integrity and shared values, visions and goals, differed greatly, where national partners consistently received more incoming connections compared with local partners.ConclusionThese findings (1) provide empirical support for using social network analysis to operationalise trust comprehensively and multidimensionally over time in a participatory partnership, (2) offer nuanced insights into the trust development process within the PPI Ignite Network and (3) enhance our understanding of trust in the community-based participatory research model.
Relationship between household food insecurity and minimum dietary diversity among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Fiche town, Oromia region, Central Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Lemi Tadese Bulto , Ababor Gali Nega , Abdulahi Misra 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundPregnant women experiencing food insecurity often compromise the quality of their nutrition by consuming a monotonous diet. Food insecurity and dietary monotony, defined as lack of variety in one’s diet, are two importan vt factors that cause undernutrition. Different studies focused on the factors associated with minimum dietary diversity, and there is limited evidence regarding the relationship between minimum dietary diversity and household food insecurity. Therefore, this study aims to assess the relationship between household food insecurity and minimum dietary diversity among pregnant women at health facilities in Fiche town.ObjectiveTo determine whether there was a relationship between the household food insecurity and minimum dietary diversity among pregnant women in Fiche town health facilities in Oromia region, Central Ethiopia.DesignA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2022, involving 422 pregnant women.SettingThe study was conducted in Fiche town, located in the North Showa Zone of Oromia region in Ethiopia. The town is home to one specialised hospital and two health centres.MethodsA structured questionnaire administered by an interviewer was used to collect data. Data were gathered using KoboToolbox V.2022.2.0 and analysed with SPSS V.23. A χ2test and binary logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the relationship between household food insecurity and minimum dietary diversity (defined as consuming at least 5 out of 10 specified food groups in the previous day or night). Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the predictors of minimum maternal dietary diversity.ResultsThe study found that only 34.6% of the participants met the minimum dietary diversity criteria. A significant relationship was identified between household food insecurity and minimum dietary diversity, χ2(2, n=32.43, p value=0.001). The variables that were found to be significant included being severely food-insecure (adjusted OR (AOR)=4.25, 95% CI: 1.26 to 14.38), having a history of illness in the last 2 weeks prior to assessment (AOR=2.14, 95% CI: 1.04 to 4.57) and lacking nutritional counselling during antenatal care (ANC) follow-up (AOR=9.24, 95% CI: 4.92 to 17.36). These factors were found to be significantly associated with both household food insecurity and minimum dietary diversity.ConclusionThe study underscores the importance of addressing household food insecurity and enhancing dietary diversity among pregnant women. It recommends interventions such as improving access to nutritious food, providing support during illness and offering comprehensive nutritional counselling during ANC visits.