bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of pre-operative chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury with in-hospital outcomes of emergency colorectal surgery: a cohort study
Authors: Miyake Katsunori , Iwagami Masao , Ohtake Takayasu , Moriya Hidekazu , Kume Nao , Murata Takaaki , Nishida Tomoki , Mochida Yasuhiro , Isogai Naoko , Ishioka Kunihiro , Shimoyama Rai , Hidaka Sumi , Kashiwagi Hiroyuki , Kawachi Jun , Ogino Hidemitsu , Kobayashi Shuzo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPre-operative kidney function is known to be associated with surgical outcomes. However, in emergency surgery, the pre-operative kidney function may reflect chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney injury (AKI). We examined the association of pre-operative CKD and/or AKI with in-hospital outcomes of emergency colorectal surgery.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study including adult patients undergoing emergency colorectal surgery in 38 Japanese hospitals between 2010 and 2017. We classified patients into five groups according to the pre-operative status of CKD (defined as baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2or recorded diagnosis of CKD), AKI (defined as admission serum creatinine value/baseline serum creatinine value ≥ 1.5), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD): (i) CKD(-)AKI(-), (ii) CKD(-)AKI(+), (iii) CKD(+)AKI(-), (iv) CKD(+)AKI(+), and (v) ESRD groups. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, while secondary outcomes included use of vasoactive drugs, mechanical ventilation, blood transfusion, post-operative renal replacement therapy, and length of hospital stay. We compared these outcomes among the five groups, followed by a multivariable logistic regression analysis for in-hospital mortality.ResultsWe identified 3002 patients with emergency colorectal surgery (mean age 70.3 ± 15.4 years, male 54.5%). The in-hospital mortality was 8.6% (169/1963), 23.8% (129/541), 15.3% (52/340), 28.8% (17/59), and 32.3% (32/99) for CKD(-)AKI(-), CKD(-)AKI(+), CKD(+)AKI(-), CKD(+)AKI(+), and ESRD, respectively. Other outcomes such as blood transfusion and post-operative renal replacement therapy showed similar trends. Compared to the CKD(-)AKI(-) group, the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for in-hospital mortality was 2.54 (1.90–3.40), 1.29 (0.90–1.85), 2.86 (1.54–5.32), and 2.76 (1.55–4.93) for CKD(-)AKI(+), CKD(+)AKI(-), CKD(+)AKI(+), and ESRD groups, respectively. Stratified by baseline eGFR (> 90, 60–89, 30–59, and < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2) and AKI status, the crude in-hospital mortality and adjusted odds ratio increased in patients with baseline eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2among patients without AKI, while these were constantly high regardless of baseline eGFR among patients with AKI. Additional analysis restricting to 2162 patients receiving the surgery on the day of hospital admission showed similar results.ConclusionsThe differentiation of pre-operative CKD and AKI, especially the identification of AKI, is useful for risk stratification in patients undergoing emergency colorectal surgery.
Concurrence of primary pulmonary malignant melanoma with invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Yang Luhuan , Lei Yunhong , Zhang Rong , Liu Yufei , Dai Wenli , Tian Fei , Liu Jinglan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Primary pulmonary malignant melanoma (PPMM) is an extreme rarity in clinic practice, accounting for only 0.01% of all primary pulmonary tumors. And its diagnosis should meet clinical and pathological diagnosis criteria in addition to excluding the possibility of metastatic melanoma. The mainstay of treatment is surgery. The concurrence of primary pulmonary malignant melanoma and invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma has not been reported before.

Case presentation
Herein we report the case of a 39-year-old woman who was asymptomatic and accidently found to have the concurrence of PPMM with invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Before considering the diagnosis of primary pulmonary malignant melanoma, a systemic positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) was done to excluding primary tumor metastasis from other sites. The pathological biopsy proved that two lesions in the right middle lobe were invasive pulmonary adenocarcinomas and the mass in the right lower lobe was malignant melanoma. She underwent right middle and lower lobectomy of the lung with mediastinal and hilar lymph dissection. She refused adjuvant chemotherapy, genetic molecular testing or immunotherapy. Fifteen months later she had brain metastasis. Then she received brain radiotherapy and underwent follow-up at the outpatient clinic regularly.

Conclusions
We experienced a case of concurrent PPMM and invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The patient reported here is the first case of primary pulmonary malignant melanoma combined with invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma. This patient remained disease-free 15 months after lung surgery.
Probing the operability regime of an engineered ribocomputing unit in terms of dynamic range maintenance with extracellular changes and time
Authors: Montagud-Martínez Roser , Ventura Jordi , Ballesteros-Garrido Rafael , Rosado Arantxa , Rodrigo Guillermo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSynthetic biology aims at engineering gene regulatory circuits to end with cells (re)programmed on purpose to implement novel functions or discover natural behaviors. However, one overlooked question is whether the resulting circuits perform as intended in variety of environments or with time. Here, we considered a recently engineered genetic system that allows programming the cell to work as a minimal computer (arithmetic logic unit) in order to analyze its operability regime. This system involves transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations. In particular, we studied the analog behavior of the system, the effect of physicochemical changes in the environment, the impact on cell growth rate of the heterologous expression, and the ability to maintain the arithmetic functioning over time. Conclusively, our results suggest 1) that there are wide input concentration ranges that the system can correctly process, the resulting outputs being predictable with a simple mathematical model, 2) that the engineered circuitry is quite sensitive to temperature effects, 3) that the expression of heterologous small RNAs is costly for the cell, not only of heterologous proteins, and 4) that a proper genetic reorganization of the system to reduce the amount of heterologous DNA in the cell can improve its evolutionary stability.
Ascending noradrenergic excitation from the locus coeruleus to the anterior cingulate cortex
Authors: Koga Kohei , Yamada Akihiro , Song Qian , Li Xu-Hui , Chen Qi-Yu , Liu Ren-Hao , Ge Jun , Zhan Cheng , Furue Hidemasa , Zhuo Min , Chen Tao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays important roles in sensory perception including pain and itch. Neurons in the ACC receive various neuromodulatory inputs from subcortical structures, including locus coeruleus noradrenaline (LC-NA) neurons. Few studies have been reported about synaptic and behavioral functions of LC-NA projections to the ACC. Using viral-genetic method (AAV-DIO-eYFP) on DBH-cre mice, we found that LC-NA formed synaptic connections to ACC pyramidal cells but not interneurons. This is further supported by the electron microscopic study showing NAergic fibers contact the presynaptic inputs and post-synaptic areas of the pyramidal cells. NA application produced both pre- and post-synaptic potentiation effects in ACC excitatory transmission in vivo and in vitro. Activation of LC-NA projection to the ACC by optogenetic method produced enhancement of excitatory transmission in vitro and induced scratching and behavioral sensitization for mechanical stimulation. Our results demonstrate that LC-NA projections enhance or facilitate brain responses to pain and itch by potentiating glutamatergic synaptic transmissions in the ACC.
Characterisation of genetic regulatory effects for osteoporosis risk variants in human osteoclasts
Authors: Mullin Benjamin H. , Tickner Jennifer , Zhu Kun , Kenny Jacob , Mullin Shelby , Brown Suzanne J. , Dudbridge Frank , Pavlos Nathan J. , Mocarski Edward S. , Walsh John P. , Xu Jiake , Wilson Scott G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundOsteoporosis is a complex disease with a strong genetic contribution. A recently published genome-wide association study (GWAS) for estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) identified 1103 independent genome-wide significant association signals. Most of these variants are non-coding, suggesting that regulatory effects may drive many of the associations. To identify genes with a role in osteoporosis, we integrate the eBMD GWAS association results with those from our previous osteoclast expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) dataset.ResultsWe identify sixty-nine significantcis-eQTL effects for eBMD GWAS variants after correction for multiple testing. We detect co-localisation of eBMD GWAS and osteoclast eQTL association signals for 21 of the 69 loci, implicating a number of genes includingCCR5,ZBTB38,CPE,GNA12,RIPK3,IQGAP1andFLCN. Summary-data-based Mendelian Randomisation analysis of the eBMD GWAS and osteoclast eQTL datasets identifies significant associations for 53 genes, withTULP4presenting as a strong candidate for pleiotropic effects on eBMD and gene expression in osteoclasts. By performing analysis using the GARFIELD software, we demonstrate significant enrichment of osteoporosis risk variants among high-confidence osteoclast eQTL across multiple GWASPvalue thresholds. Mice lacking one of the genes of interest, the apoptosis/necroptosis geneRIPK3, show disturbed bone micro-architecture and increased osteoclast number, highlighting a new biological pathway relevant to osteoporosis.ConclusionWe utilise a unique osteoclast eQTL dataset to identify a number of potential effector genes for osteoporosis risk variants, which will help focus functional studies in this area.
Kaempferol ameliorates Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis via ERK and NF-κB pathways
Authors: Wang Zhu , Sun Wansen , Sun Xi , Wang Ye , Zhou Meilan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnticancer drug like Cisplatin are associated with serious problem like nephrotoxicity. The effect of Kaempferol is a plant-derived flavonoid compound. The present work evaluated the effect of Kaempferol in mouse model of Cisplatin mediated nephrotoxicity also the involved mechanism. Oxidative stress, kidney function, histology, inflammation, apoptosis, level of proteins, Nrf2 translocation and its effect on cascades such as NF-κB and ERK were studied. It was observed that the pre-treatment of KPF reduced the Cisplatin mediated oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and ameliorated renal injury and its functioning. Kaempferol suppressed the Cisplatin induced infiltration of mononuclear cells, levels of TNF-α, iNOS, IL-12, activation of NF-κB, phosphorylation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of p65 in renal tissues. Also KPF attenuated Cisplatin mediated phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK in renal tissues. KPF also corrected the levels of renal antioxidants and elevated the nuclear levels of HO-1 and Nrf2 in renal tissues. KPF attenuated the Cisplatin mediated apoptosis via down-regulating the levels of TP53, Bax/Bcl2 imbalance, activating caspase-3/9 and PARP. The outcomes conclude that KPF ameliorates Cisplatin-mediated nephrotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis via ERK and NF-κB pathway.
Radon spectrogram-based approach for automatic IFs separation
Authors: Bruni Vittoria , Tartaglione Michela , Vitulano Domenico 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe separation of overlapping components is a well-known and difficult problem in multicomponent signals analysis and it is shared by applications dealing with radar, biosonar, seismic, and audio signals. In order to estimate the instantaneous frequencies of a multicomponent signal, it is necessary to disentangle signal modes in a proper domain. Unfortunately, if signal modes supports overlap both in time and frequency, separation is only possible through a parametric approach whenever the signal class is a priori fixed. In this work, time-frequency analysis and Radon transform are jointly used for the unsupervised separation of modes of a generic frequency modulated signal in noisy environment. The proposed method takes advantage of the ability of the Radon transform of a proper time-frequency distribution in separating overlapping modes. It consists of a blind segmentation of signal components in Radon domain by means of a near-to-optimal threshold operation. The inversion of the Radon transform on each detected region allows us to isolate the instantaneous frequency curves of each single mode in the time-frequency domain. Experimental results performed on constant amplitudes chirp signals confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, opening the way for its extension to more complex frequency modulated signals.
Existence and concentration of positive solutions for a class of discontinuous quasilinear Schrödinger problems in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$
Authors: Yuan Ziqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a class of quasilinear Schrödinger equations with discontinuous nonlinearity is considered. After changing variables, by using nonsmooth critical point theory, we obtain the existence and concentration of positive solutions for this problem under suitable conditions. Our results cover and extend some results for these differentiable quasilinear Schrödinger problems.
Association of epigenetics of the PDK4 gene in skeletal muscle and peripheral blood with exercise therapy following artificial knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kamo Tomohiro , Kurose Satoshi , Ohno Hiroshi , Murata Minoru , Saito Takanori , Kimura Yutaka 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Although exercise is a standard treatment for postoperative osteoarthritis, interindividual differences have been reported. Epigenetic modification (DNA methylation), a factor causing interindividual differences, is altered by the environment and may affect all tissues. Performing a tissue biopsy to investigate methylation of skeletal muscle fat metabolism genes is invasive, and less invasive and convenient alternatives such as blood testing are desired. However, the relationship between tissue and blood is still unclear. Here, we examined the relationship between DNA methylation of the PDK4 gene in skeletal muscle and peripheral blood.

Patients and methods
Five patients who underwent artificial knee arthroplasty between April 2017 and June 2018 at Kansai Medical University Hospital were included (2 men and 3 women; average age, 75.2 years; body mass index, 26.1 kg/m2). We measured the body composition of the patients using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Peripheral blood was collected at the time of hospitalization and 5 months after surgery; skeletal muscles were collected at the time of surgery and 5 months after surgery. Rehabilitation was performed according to the clinical procedure for 3 months after surgery. Patients performed resistance training and aerobic exercise using an ergometer for 20 min twice a week. Biopsy samples were treated with bisulfite after DNA extraction, and the methylation rate was calculated at different CpG islands downstream from the transcription initiation codon of the PDK4 gene.

Results
No significant change in body composition was observed before and after postoperative exercise therapy, and no significant change was noted in the methylation at each position in the promoter region of PDK4 in the skeletal muscle and peripheral blood. However, changes in the methylation rate at CpG1 in peripheral blood significantly correlated with those in skeletal muscle (P = 0.037). Furthermore, the amount of change in the methylation rate of CpG1 in the skeletal muscle was significantly correlated (P = 0.037) with the average methylation rate at the promoter region in peripheral blood.

Conclusions
Methylation rates at CpG1 in the skeletal muscle and peripheral blood were significantly correlated, suggesting that skeletal muscle methylation could be analyzed via peripheral blood rather than skeletal muscle biopsy.
Neuropathological correlates of parkinsonian disorders in a large Dutch autopsy series
Authors: Geut H. , Hepp D. H. , Foncke E. , Berendse H. W. , Rozemuller J. M. , Huitinga I. , van de Berg W. D. J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe clinical diagnosis in patients with parkinsonian disorders can be challenging, and a definite diagnosis requires neuropathological confirmation. The aim of this study was to examine whether a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian disorders predict the presence of Lewy pathology (LP) and concomitant neuropathological lesions.We included 293 donors with a history of parkinsonism without dementia at disease onset, collected by the Netherlands Brain Bank (NBB) from 1989 to 2015. We retrospectively categorized donors according the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society clinical diagnostic criteria for PD (MDS-PD criteria) as ‘not PD’, ‘probable PD’ or ‘established PD’. We compared the final clinical diagnosis to presence of neuropathological lesions as defined by BrainNet Europe and National Institute on Aging – Alzheimer's Association guidelines.LP was present in 150 out of 176 donors (85%) with a clinical diagnosis of PD, in 8 out of 101 donors (8%) with atypical parkinsonian disorders and in 4 out of 16 donors (25%) without a definite clinical diagnosis. Independent from age at death, stages of amyloid-β, but not neurofibrillary tau or neuritic plaques, were higher in donors with LP compared to other types of pathology (p = 0.009). The MDS-PD criteria at a certainty level of ‘probable PD’ predicted presence of LP with a diagnostic accuracy of 89.3%. Among donors with LP, ‘established PD’ donors showed similar Braak α-synuclein stages and stages of amyloid-β, neurofibrillary tau and neuritic plaques compared to ‘not PD’ or ‘probable PD’ donors.In conclusion, both a clinical diagnosis of PD as well as MDS-PD criteria accurately predicted presence of LP in NBB donors. LP was associated with more widespread amyloid-β pathology, suggesting a link between amyloid-β accumulation and LP formation.
Adolescent food insecurity in rural Sindh, Pakistan: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Sheikh Sana , Iqbal Romaina , Qureshi Rahat , Azam Iqbal , Barolia Rubina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Food insecurity (FI) is alarmingly high in developing countries including Pakistan. A quarter of Pakistan’s population consists of adolescents yet there is no information on their experience of FI. FI at adolescent age have long term effect on mental and physical health hence we aimed to determine the prevalence of food insecurity (FI) among adolescents and compare it with household FI, and assess social determinants of adolescent FI.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey on 799 households with unmarried adolescents was conducted from September 2015 to June 2016 in three union councils of Hyderabad, Pakistan. Unmarried 10–19 years old girls and boys were interviewed regarding their FI status using Household Food Insecurity Assessment Scale (HFIAS). Household-level FI was also assessed by interviewing mothers of adolescents, and it was compared with adolescent’s FI. Association of adolescent’s FI with socio-demographic determinants was explored through Cox regression using STATA version 14.0. and prevalence ratios were estimated.

Results
FI was found among 52.4% of the adolescents compared to 39% of the households. Thirty percent of the adolescents were food insecure within the food secure households. Female adolescents were found to be less food insecure (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (APR) 0.4 95% CI [0.3, 0.5]) compared to males. Social determinants like socioeconomic status (SES), crowding index or education of parents were not associated with adolescents’ FI.

Conclusion
Half of the adolescents were found to be food insecure which raises concerns regarding their health in the long run. Gender is an important social determinant of FI among adolescents which suggests an in-depth exploration of social dynamics of adolescent FI. We recommend the mixed-methods study to develop contextually relevant interventions to reduce FI among this group and improve their health status.
Characterization of breast masses: a comparative study between automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT)
Authors: Hashem Lamiaa Mohamed Bassam , Ali Reham Hussein Mohamed , Helal Maha Hussein , Gemeae Emad ELdin E. L. , Moustafa Amr Farouk Ibrahim 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Automated three-dimensional (3D) breast ultrasound (US) systems and breast tomosynthesis are promising breast imaging modalities. The study aims to compare the diagnostic indices of the 3D imaging techniques: digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) in the characterization of breast masses. This prospective study included 32 women with breast masses either detected by means of clinical examination or with the mammographic exam. All of them have been subjected to tomosynthesis and automatic breast ultrasound examinations. The images from both modalities were then analyzed one at a time by two experienced representative radiologists in consensus. Results were compared to each other and to pathology and follow-up of typically benign findings

Results
The masses statistically evaluated in this study were 37 in number, among which 16 were benign and 21 were malignant. The sensitivity and specificity of tomosynthesis in the characterization of breast masses were 100% and 81.25%, respectively, while automated breast ultrasound were 100% and 75%, respectively.

Conclusion
Tomosynthesis and automated breast ultrasound are two promising modalities in breast imaging. Their diagnostic indices in this study were very close to one another; therefore, they can be used as an adjunct modality to mammography for early diagnosis of breast cancer.