bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ethical Constraint on War
Authors: Huaihong He 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In dealing with the problem of war, how should one seek a proper middle path between absolute pacifism and extreme realism? How can a proper ethics of war be adhered to? Is “just war”, when used as a term for the moral evaluation of war, somewhat vague and ambiguous? This paper argues that in the analysis of various types of war ethics, it is necessary to put forward an “ethical constraints of war”. Such constraints should be valid in wartime, including in the lead-up to war, during the war, and even post-war. Politicians and all the relevant agents are asked to consider not only the motives and intentions behind the war but also the actions and the means of warfare and even the long-term consequences. One should take into account not only the contents but also the grounds of the ethical constraints of war, which directly involves the basic principle of life.
Sheng-Sheng (生生) as Being-Between-Generations: On the Existential Structure of Confucian Ethics
Authors: Xiangcheng Sun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
On the level of existential structure, “Shengsheng Buxi” unfolds an existential structure different from Heidegger’s “being-in-the-world”. This paper calls it “being-between-the-generations”. Through this existential structure, it reveals many aspects which Heidegger ignored in his existential analysis. The existence of “I” between generations is, first of all, a conjunction of generations, “this body” has its own origin. Its original facing the Other is to love his/her parents, and showing the structure of “being-together-with-the-generations” in filial piety; family implements the existence of “inheritance”, thus gaining its ontological status in this structure. The state of mood in generations shows the “Enjoyment-at-home” of this-body; at the same time, being-between-the-generations also makes “learning” and “teaching” indispensable and essential moments in the existential structure, and makes the “Project” of “trans-generations” possible. The “historicity” formed by “generations” has an impact on this. Ultimately, in the memorial ceremony of “death of parents and ancestors”, it builds the structure of “being-together-with-the-generations” within a family, and maintains the dimension of transcendence, in the way of filial piety, whose nature is revealed in The Analects as “Tribute to the death of parents and keeping memory of ancestors” (慎終追遠).
Progress and Human Rights Justice as Evaluating Criteria for Global Developments
Authors: Lohmann Georg 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper clarifies first a critical understanding of “progress”. Progress implies a development for the better, the comprehensive definition of which must be a conception of justice if progress is to justify global developments and political rule. Therefore a somewhat minimal but complex definition of “human rights justice”, as formulated in the international human rights pacts since 1948, is explained. Through this, the different but systematically interrelated human rights (liberty rights, justice rights, political rights, economic, cultural and social rights) can allow for reflected and more comprehensive assessments of progress in different areas of development. But it is also necessary to integrate the specific progress developments into a comprehensive conception of human rights justice, the precise definition of which requires not only the observance of social but ultimately of all human rights, and in particular political participation rights. In the final section some problems of this approach will be discussed.
Towards a Transcultural Concept of Justice Based on Self-respect
Authors: Neuhäuser Christian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The idea of global justice faces a serious challenge. We live in one global society and many regional and local societies at the same time. The existing plurality of institutional as well as cultural levels of social connection leads to this general question: what is the right site for addressing different questions of justice? Some philosophers argue that the paramount place for thinking about justice is the global level, but other philosophers claim that questions of justice presuppose a certain institutional structure. It is therefore only at the local level, preferentially in the form of sovereign states, where questions of justice arise. I want to argue that it is possible to understand some issues of justice as global in an irreducible way, while other issues are best addressed on a local level not only for pragmatic reasons, but also for reasons that have to do with the normative significance of local institutions, cultural connections and social identities.
Moral Progress: Between Justification and Innovation
Authors: Brunozzi Philippe 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Current scholarship has widely neglected how moral progress is conceived of in contemporary Chinese moral theory. This article ventures into a first exploration of that topic, restricting itself to one conception of moral progress. Given that no fully-fledged Chinese accounts of moral progress are available, its first goal consists in showing how we can even approach and get a grip on the issue of moral progress in the first place. Having identified a specific conception of moral progress, it secondly sets out to problematize and assess that conception. It will become apparent that the emerging account of moral progress is fraught with a specific tension that threatens to undermine the cogency of the whole account. Instead of abandoning the account altogether, I suggest in the end that we have reason to follow its lead. How it is to be further developed will however not be further elaborated.
Forms of Injustice and Regression
Authors: Kreide Regina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Over the last years, the debate over global justice has moved beyond the divide between statist and cosmopolitan, as well as ideal and non-ideal approaches. Rather, a turn to empirical realities has taken place, claiming that normative political philosophy and theory need to address empirical facts about global poverty and wealth. The talk argues that some aspects of the earlier “Critical Theory” and its notions of negativity, praxis, and communicative power allow for a non-empiristic link between normative theory and a well-informed social science analysis that is based on experienced injustice. The analysis of border politics and housing politics will serve as an example for a critical theory of global injustice that addresses regressive as well as emancipative developments in society.
Zur Entwicklung der modalenverstehen-Konstruktion: Ein Konservierungseffekt im Zuge der Auxiliarisierung
Authors: Dekalo Volodymyr 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present paper deals with item- and feature-based changes of the modal semi-schematic construction withverstehenin written German during the 20th century. To understand this development, the century is divided into four equal periods. Applying a simple collexeme analysis for each time span, the study ascertains which lexical verbs appear as typical items in a schematic slot constituting its collostructional profile. Comparing the distributional behavior manually in a pairwise fashion, the analysis reveals that solely three verbs, namelymachen,umgehenandmeistern, stay constantly highly attracted within the top collexemes of theverstehen-construction during the 20th century. Using a dependency-based semantic space model, the study demonstrates that the collostructional profile of the fourth period differs considerably from the previous time span. Utilizing random forest of conditional inference trees, changes in terms of usage features of the modal construction are pinpointed. As a result, its grammaticality degree has not increased demonstrating solely minor changes in temporal functionality as well as in realization of subject forms.
Electronic band profiles and magneto-electronic properties of ternary XCu2P2 (X = Ca, Sr) compounds: insight from ab initio calculations
Authors: Zada Zeshan , Ullah Hayat , Bibi Robeen , Zada Sabeen , Mahmood Asif 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Full-potential augmented plane waves (FP-APW) method is applied to determine the electronic band profiles and magneto-electronic properties of XCu2P2 (X = Ca, Sr) compounds. We have adopted Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof's generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) along with GGA plus Hubbard U parameter method (GGA+U) as exchange correlation potentials. The physical properties of interest for XCu2P2 (X = Ca, Sr) compounds were analyzed for the first time in the Zintl phase of tetragonal structure with space group I4/mmm (No. 139). From the structural parameters we have found that ferromagnetic phase is more stable as compared to paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic phase. Electronic band profiles predict the metallic nature of these compounds in FM phase. The projected densities of states computed in this work recognize that the bonding is accomplished through hybridization of Cu-3d with P-p states. The evaluated magnetic moments support weak ferromagnetism in these compounds. The compounds of interest are thermodynamically stable. In addition, the cohesive energies and Curie temperatures of the studied compounds were also predicted. Metallic and ferromagnetic nature of XCu2P2 (X = Ca, Sr) compounds predict the important of these compounds in spintronic devices.
Coherent Transport in Periodically Driven Mesoscopic Conductors: From Scattering Amplitudes to Quantum Thermodynamics
Authors: Brandner Kay 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Scattering theory is a standard tool for the description of transport phenomena in mesoscopic systems. Here, we provide a detailed derivation of this method for nano-scale conductors that are driven by oscillating electric or magnetic fields. Our approach is based on an extension of the conventional Lippmann–Schwinger formalism to systems with a periodically time-dependent Hamiltonian. As a key result, we obtain a systematic perturbation scheme for the Floquet scattering amplitudes that describes the transition of a transport carrier through a periodically driven sample. Within a general multi-terminal setup, we derive microscopic expressions for the mean values and time-integrated correlation functions, or zero-frequency noise, of matter and energy currents, thus recovering the results of earlier studies in a unifying framework. We show that this framework is inherently consistent with the first and the second law of thermodynamics and prove that the mean rate of entropy production vanishes only if all currents in the system are zero. As an application, we derive a generalized Green–Kubo relation, which makes it possible to express the response of any mean currents to small variations of temperature and chemical potential gradients in terms of time integrated correlation functions between properly chosen currents. Finally, we discuss potential topics for future studies and further reaching applications of the Floquet scattering approach to quantum transport in stochastic and quantum thermodynamics.
Potential use of essential oils to enhance heat tolerance in plants
Authors: Hara Masakazu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Isothiocyanates, monoterpenes, and leaf volatiles that are components of essential oils induce the expression of heat shock protein genes in plant systems. Here, the modes of heat shock responses induced by the essential oil compounds and their heat-tolerance-enhancing activities are described. Traditionally, green manure produced from essential-oil-containing plants has been used because such manure is thought to have beneficial effects in fertilizing, allelopathic, antibacterial, and animal-repellent activities. In addition to these effects, stress (especially heat stress)-tolerance-enhancing activities can be expected. Biostimulants containing such essential oils may be able to maintain the yield and quality of crops under increasing ambient temperatures. In this review, chemicals that enhance the heat tolerance of plants are designated as heat tolerance enhancers (HTLEs). Some essential oil compounds can be categorized as HTLEs available for biostimulants.
Natural antioxidants in emulsions O/W
Authors: El-Guendouz Soukaina , Aazza Smail , Dandlen Susana Anahi , Majdoub Nessrine , Lyoussi Badiaa , Raposo Sara , Gomes Vera , Bankova Vassya , Popova Milena , Antunes Dulce , Miguel Maria Graça 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study compared the capacity of propolis extract (PE) and thyme waste extract (TWE) to prevent the oxidation of oil in water (O/W) emulsion, as well as their impact on emulsion apparent viscosity (AV) in the presence of wheat germ and almond oils as lipid phase. For this, central composite design (CCD) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. Oxidation process was monitored by evaluating the formation of primary and secondary lipid oxidation products, at the same time the AV behavior was determined evaluating consistency index and flow behavior index. The results revealed that the increase of PE% and TWE% decreases TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances) and hydroperoxides formation. Viscosity increases with the rise of TWE% over (0.04%), whereas lower concentrations of PE% decreases it. Those results have been confirmed in the PCA analysis. TWE showed higher resistance to oxidation, although PE was more effective as antioxidant than TWE.
Plasmons in Liquid Metals Studied by Inelastic X-ray Scattering
Authors: Kimura Koji , Hagiya Toru , Matsuda Kazuhiro , Hiraoka Nozomu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlasmon is a collective excitation of electrons in materials. Since plasmon can be observed in a wide range of the phase diagram including the solid, liquid, and classical plasma phases, the investigation of the electronic states through the plasmon is of great significance in order to obtain a unified insight into the electronic states in various phases of matter. Inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) is an ideal tool for such an investigation, because it can be applied to the samples in the liquid state and those in an extreme conditions. In this review, we discuss IXS results on the plasmons in liquid metals, and also describe a formulation to predict the plasmon energy and the lifetime in liquid metals. The formulation takes into account the effect of the ionic structure within the nearly free electron approximation, and reproduces well the experimental results.
Konfessionelle Kooperation – Plausibilität, Chancen und Grenzen aus kirchenhistorischer, Osnabrücker und persönlicher Perspektive
Authors: Jung Martin H. 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ausgehend von biographischen und beruflichen Ökumene-Erfahrungen werden gleichermaßen Notwendigkeit, Chancen und Probleme der konfessionellen Kooperation in der Lehramtsausbildung beleuchtet. Fünf unterschiedliche Formen und Stufen der Kooperation, von der bloßen Öffnung von Lehrveranstaltungen über das Teamteaching bis zu gemeinsamen Master- und Promotionsprogrammen, kommen in den Blick und werden an Beispielen aus dem Fach Kirchengeschichte erläutert. Die Erörterung der dafür notwendigen Rahmenbedingungen und Voraussetzungen zeigt jedoch die Probleme bei der praktischen Umsetzung des Kooperationsanliegens. Auf der Basis eigener Erfahrungen, die auch veranschaulichen, was Dozierende konkret machen können, werden ferner verschiedene spezifische Aspekte der Kooperation im Fach Kirchengeschichte diskutiert und abschließend noch einmal grundsätzliche, strukturell bedingte Schwierigkeiten thematisiert.
Religiöse Bildung – informell. Empirische Annäherungen am Beispiel von Großchorprojekten
Authors: Kühn Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Während informelles Lernen in der Religionspädagogik konzeptionell bereits umfassend behandelt wurde, ist diese Bildungsdimension forschungspraktisch bislang weitgehend vernachlässigt worden. Deshalb sind Interviewdaten einer aktuellen Studie zum Singen in christlichen Großchorprojekten auf Prozesse informeller religiöser Bildung hin befragt worden. Dabei zeigte sich, dass durch Projekte wie das Gospel-Musical „Amazing Grace“ individuelle Entwicklungsprozesse in hohem Maße befördert werden können; entsprechend vielversprechend erscheint es, künftig auch andere Teile des kirchlichen bzw. kirchlich verantworteten Lebens empirisch zu beforschen, um ihre informellen Bildungspotenziale zu eruieren.
Nutrition for Adolescent Female Team Sport Athletes: A Review
Authors: Sharples Alice , Baker Dane , Black Katherine 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Adequate nutrition generally promotes training adaptations and thus optimal performance. Adolescence is characterized by a pubescence growth spurt, increasing energy and nutrient needs. Most team sports literature focuses on male athletes, with little on adolescent female team sports. Adolescent female athletes are at an increased risk of inadequate energy, and micronutrient intakes because of the pursuit of high fitness levels, and society pressures. This may cause hormonal irregularities, delayed development, poor bone health, and increased risk of injury. This review synthesizes information on the nutritional needs of adolescent female team sport players for performance and health.
Ischiofemoral Impingement Syndrome: An Overview for Strength and Conditioning Professionals
Authors: Vogrin Matjaž , Ličen Teja , Kljaić Dujić Milka 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) is a hip condition associated with the entrapment of the quadratus femoris muscle between the ischiofemoral space and the lesser trochanter of the femur. As an overlooked cause of hip pain, it is often confused with other injuries (e.g., deep gluteal syndrome and proximal hamstring tendinitis), with S&C professionals and rehabilitation specialists being generally unaware of its existence. Therefore, the aim of this article is to present an overview of IFI, which includes diagnosis, injury mechanisms, and conservative treatment options.
Beteiligungstransparenz und Informationseffizienz – regulierungstheoretische und rechtsökonomische Reformvorschläge
Authors: Gumpp Tobias 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Beteiligungstransparenz nach §§ 33 ff. WpHG ist – nicht zuletzt durch die Konsultation des BMF zu einem etwaigen Änderungsbedarf des § 43 WpHG im September 2019 – erneut in der Diskussion. Umso mehr verwundert es, dass die Auseinandersetzungen mit der Beteiligungstransparenz hinsichtlich ihres Zwecks und ihrer regulatorischen Rechtfertigung zentrale Fragen unbeantwortet lassen: So verbleibt unklar, welches Problem die §§ 33 ff. WpHG zu lösen bezwecken, was hieraus für den Zweck abzuleiten ist und schließlich, ob das Problem gelöst wird (und wenn nicht, wie dies zumindest de lege ferenda zu bewerkstelligen wäre). Der vorliegende Beitrag geht diesen Fragen mittels einer rechtsökonomischen Analyse nach und leitet hieraus rechtspolitische Konsequenzen ab.
Acalypha wilkesiana ‘inferno’ hydroethanolic leaf extract has protective effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced subacute toxicity in animals
Authors: Larbie Christopher , Emikpe Benjamin O. , Oyagbemi Ademola A. , Nyarko Ruby A. , Jarikre Theophilus A. , Adjei Clement O. , Aseidu Emmanuel B. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Liver fibrosis is one of the most common clinical manifestations of hepatic diseases. However, though many synthetic drugs exist for the treatment and prevention of liver diseases, liver injuries still persist. The present study, therefore, sought to investigate the subacute protective effects of Acalphya wilkesiana against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity in animals.
Methodology: Liver injury was induced in experimental animals by administering CCl4 (1:1 v/v in olive oil, intraperitoneally (i.p.), twice weekly for 8 weeks) after pre-treatment with extract of A. wilkesiana (AWE). AWE (250 mg/kg) and Silymarin (120 mg/kg) were administered orally (daily for 8 weeks). The hepatoprotective effect was studied by assaying the activity of liver enzymes, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alpha-fetoprotein. The effect of the treatments on liver prooxidants (e.g. malondialdehyde [MDA]) and antioxidants (e.g. superoxide dismutase [SOD], reduced glutathione [GSH], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and glutathione transferase [GST]), as well as inflammatory cytokines (e.g. interleukin [IL]-17, IL-23, nuclear factor kappa beta [NF-kB], and cycloxygenase-1 [COX-1]) and the histology of the liver were also examined.
Results: The activity of liver function biomarkers changed significantly upon CCl4 administration; increases in ALT, total and direct bilirubin, and some fibrosis indices (e.g. alpha-fetoprotein and APRI [p<0.05-0.001, compared with normal]) were observed. Co-administration of AWE with CCl4 restored these to normal levels. The intensity of structural alterations revealed that the AWE treatment has protective potential against subacute liver injury. AWE treatment also reduced the expression of IL-17, 1L-23, NF-kB and COX-1, underscoring its antiinflammatory properties.
Conclusion: The results of the current study generally suggest that hydroethanolic leaf extracts of A. wilkesiana inferno possess some subacute protective activity by improving liver function and inhibition of inflammation, and could be developed as a potent antifibrotic agent.
Resistance Training for Children and Adolescents
Authors: Stricker Paul R. , Faigenbaum Avery D. , McCambridge Teri M. ,   COUNCIL ON SPORTS MEDICINE AND FITNESS, LaBella Cynthia R. , Brooks M. Alison , Canty Greg , Diamond Alex B. , Hennrikus William , Logan Kelsey , Moffatt Kody , Nemeth Blaise A. , Pengel K. Brooke , Peterson Andrew R. 
Published: May 2020

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed November 2024.
Resistance training is becoming more important as an integral part of comprehensive sport training regimens, school physical education classes, and after-school fitness programs. The increasing number of youth who are involved in sport activities, coupled with the health problems of inactivity and being overweight, have resulted in increased interest in resistance training. Secular declines in measures of muscular fitness in modern-day youth highlight the need for participation in youth resistance training for nonathletes as well as athletes. Parents often ask pediatricians to offer advice regarding the safety, benefits, and implementation of an effective resistance-training program. This report is a revision of the 2008 American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement and reviews current information and research on the benefits and risks of resistance training for children and adolescents.
Design, synthesis, and characterization of glycyrrhetinic acid-mediated multifunctional liver-targeting polymeric carrier materials
Authors: Guan Qingxia , Zhang Xue , Zhang Yue , Yu Xin , Zhang Weibing , Wang Liping , Sun Shuang , Li Xiuyan , Wang Yanhong , Lv Shaowa , Li Yongji 
Published: May 2020

Abstract