bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of HPV infections in surgical smoke exposed gynecologists
Authors: Hu Xiaoli , Zhou Qingfeng , Yu Jian , Wang Jing , Tu Quanmei , Zhu Xueqiong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been reported recently in surgical smoke generated by gynecological operations. The objective of this study was to investigate whether gynecologists who have performed electrosurgery including loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), are at risk of acquiring HPV DNA through surgical smoke.

Methods
A related questionnaire was designed and 700 gynecologist nasal swab samples were collected in 67 hospitals. In addition, the flow fluorescence hybridization technique was used to detect HPV DNA, and the Chi-square test was applied to analyze whether related risk factors including electrical surgery, were correlated with HPV infection in surgeons’ nasal epithelial cells.

Results
The HPV infection rate in the nasal epithelial cells of the participants who performed electrosurgery (8.96%, 42/469) or LEEP (10.11%, 36/356) was significantly higher than that in the remaining participants who did not perform electrosurgery (1.73%, 4/231) or LEEP (2.91%, 10/344), respectively. The most prevalent HPV genotype in the electrosurgery group was HPV16 (76.19%, 32/42). The HPV-positive rate was increased in the group that had a longer duration of electrosurgery (P = 0.016). Additionally, the HPV detection rate was significantly lower in electrosurgery operators who used surgical mask (7.64%, 33/432) than in those who did not use protective masks (24.32%, 9/37). Furthermore, the N95 mask (0%, 0/196) significantly reduced the risk for HPV infection compared to that with the general mask (13.98%, 33/236, P < 0.001). Furthermore, 46 participants infected with HPV were followed-up for 3–24 months, and approximately 43.48% (20/46) and 100% (41/41) became negative for HPV DNA, respectively.

Conclusions
Gynecologists who performed electrosurgery including LEEP were at risk of acquiring HPV infection. Surgical masks, especially the N95 mask, significantly decreased the hazard of HPV transmission from surgical smoke.
Development of a pro-arrhythmic ex vivo intact human and porcine model: cardiac electrophysiological changes associated with cellular uncoupling
Authors: Brook Joseph , Kim Min-young , Koutsoftidis Simos , Pitcher David , Agha-Jaffar Danya , Sufi Annam , Jenkins Catherine , Tzortzis Konstantinos , Ma Suofeiya , Jabbour Richard J. , Houston Charles , Handa Balvinder S. , Li Xinyang , Chow Ji-Jian , Jothidasan Anand , Bristow Poppy , Perkins Justin , Harding Sian , Bharath Anil A , Ng Fu Siong , Peters Nicholas S , Cantwell Chris D , Chowdhury Rasheda A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe describe a human and large animal Langendorff experimental apparatus for live electrophysiological studies and measure the electrophysiological changes due to gap junction uncoupling in human and porcine hearts. The resultant ex vivo intact human and porcine model can bridge the translational gap between smaller simple laboratory models and clinical research. In particular, electrophysiological models would benefit from the greater myocardial mass of a large heart due to its effects on far-field signal, electrode contact issues and motion artefacts, consequently more closely mimicking the clinical setting. Porcine (n = 9) and human (n = 4) donor hearts were perfused on a custom-designed Langendorff apparatus. Epicardial electrograms were collected at 16 sites across the left atrium and left ventricle. A total of 1 mM of carbenoxolone was administered at 5 ml/min to induce cellular uncoupling, and then recordings were repeated at the same sites. Changes in electrogram characteristics were analysed. We demonstrate the viability of a controlled ex vivo model of intact porcine and human hearts for electrophysiology with pharmacological modulation. Carbenoxolone reduces cellular coupling and changes contact electrogram features. The time from stimulus artefact to (-dV/dt)max increased between baseline and carbenoxolone (47.9 ± 4.1–67.2 ± 2.7 ms) indicating conduction slowing. The features with the largest percentage change between baseline and carbenoxolone were fractionation + 185.3%, endpoint amplitude − 106.9%, S-endpoint gradient + 54.9%, S point − 39.4%, RS ratio + 38.6% and (-dV/dt)max − 20.9%. The physiological relevance of this methodological tool is that it provides a model to further investigate pharmacologically induced pro-arrhythmic substrates.
Day case laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania
Authors: Cullen Imogen , Shaban Fadlo , Ali Oroog , Breckons Matthew , Chilonga Kondo , Wapalila Daudi , Suleiman Jamil , Elinisa Mercy , Woodburn Bronwyn , Walker Richard , Horgan Liam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery has promoted the case for safe, affordable surgical care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In 2017, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) in Tanzania introduced a day case laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DCLC) service, the first of its kind in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We aimed to evaluate this novel service in terms of safety, feasibility and acceptability by patients and staff.

Methods
This study used mixed methods and was split into two stages. In stage 1, we reviewed records of all laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LCs) comparing day cases and admissions. These patients were followed up with a telephone questionnaire to investigate complication rates and receive service feedback. Stage 2 consisted of semi-structured interviews with staff exploring the challenges KCMC faced in implementing DCLC.

Results
147 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were completed: 109 were planned for DCLC, 82 (75.2%) of which were successful, whilst 27 (24.8%) patients were admitted. No variables significantly predicted unplanned admission, the commonest causes for which were pain and nausea. In the DCLC group there was 1 readmission. 62 patients answered the follow up questionnaire, 60 (97%) of which were satisfied with the service. Stage 2 interviews suggested staff to be motivated for DCLC but revealed poor organisation of the day case pathway.

Conclusion
High rates of DCLC combined with low rates of complications and readmission suggests DCLC is feasible at KCMC. However, staff interviews alluded to administrative problems preventing KCMC from reaching its full DCLC potential. A dedicated day case surgery unit would address most of these problems.
Efficacy of warming systems in mountain rescue: an experimental manikin study
Authors: Podsiadło Paweł , Zender-Świercz Ewa , Strapazzon Giacomo , Kosiński Sylweriusz , Telejko Marek , Darocha Tomasz , Brugger Hermann 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMountain accident casualties are often exposed to cold and windy weather. This may induce post-traumatic hypothermia which increases mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of warming systems to compensate for the victim’s estimated heat loss in a simulated mountain rescue operation. We used thermal manikins and developed a thermodynamic model of a virtual patient. Manikins were placed on a mountain rescue stretcher and exposed to wind chill indices of 0 °C and − 20 °C in a climatic chamber. We calculated the heat balance for two simulated clinical scenarios with both a shivering and non-shivering victim and measured the heat gain from gel, electrical, and chemical warming systems for 3.5 h. The heat balance in the simulated shivering patient was positive. In the non-shivering patient, we found a negative heat balance for both simulated weather conditions (− 429.53 kJ at 0 °C and − 1469.78 kJ at − 20 °C). Each warming system delivered about 300 kJ. The efficacy of the gel and electrical systems was higher within the first hour than later (p < 0.001). We conclude that none of the tested warming systems is able to compensate for heat loss in a simulated model of a non-shivering patient whose physiological heat production is impaired during a prolonged mountain evacuation. Additional thermal insulation seems to be required in these settings.
Automatic Grading of Retinal Blood Vessel in Deep Retinal Image Diagnosis
Authors: Maji Debasis , Sekh Arif Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAutomatic grading of retinal blood vessels from fundus image can be a useful tool for diagnosis, planning and treatment of eye. Automatic diagnosis of retinal images for early detection of glaucoma, stroke, and blindness is emerging in intelligent health care system. The method primarily depends on various abnormal signs, such as area of hard exudates, area of blood vessels, bifurcation points, texture, and entropies. The development of an automated screening system based on vessel width, tortuosity, and vessel branching are also used for grading. However, the automated method that directly can come to a decision by taking the fundus images got less attention. Detecting eye problems based on the tortuosity of the vessel from fundus images is a complicated task for opthalmologists. So automated grading algorithm using deep learning can be most valuable for grading retinal health. The aim of this work is to develop an automatic computer aided diagnosis system to solve the problem. This work approaches to achieve an automatic grading method that is opted using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. In this work we have studied the state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms and proposed an attention network which can grade retinal images. The proposed method is validated on a public dataset EIARG1, which is only publicly available dataset for such task as per our knowledge.
How Good Is the Bipolar Approximation of Active Regions for Surface Flux Transport?
Authors: Yeates Anthony R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigate how representing active regions with bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs) affects the end-of-cycle polar field predicted by the surface flux transport model. Our study is based on a new database of BMRs derived from the SDO/HMI active region patch data between 2010 and 2020. An automated code is developed for fitting each active region patch with a BMR, matching both the magnetic flux and axial dipole moment of the region and removing repeat observations of the same region. By comparing the predicted evolution of each of the 1090 BMRs with the predicted evolution of their original active region patches, we show that the bipolar approximation leads to a 24% overestimate of the net axial dipole moment, given the same flow parameters. This is caused by neglecting the more complex multipolar and/or asymmetric magnetic structures of many of the real active regions, and may explain why previous flux transport models had to reduce BMR tilt angles to obtain realistic polar fields. Our BMR database and the Python code to extract it are freely available.
Drivers of Subjective Well-being in Spain: Are There Gender Differences?
Authors: Arrondo Rubén , Cárcaba Ana , González Eduardo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the main drivers of subjective well-being(SWB) in Spain. Following current descriptions of SWB, the influence of a set of sociodemographic, material conditions and quality of life variables is empirically tested. The data come from a survey covering around 13,000 households and 35,000 individuals. The results show a very strong influence of material conditions on perceived SWB. Namely, the variable “income and wealth” is found to be the single major driver of satisfaction with life in the sample. Social connections, housing, and health status also emerge as very relevant drivers. Regarding the gender implications of SWB, our results show a paradoxical reality. On average, women score significantly lower than men in material conditions and quality of life variables, but they obtain significantly higher levels of SWB. Knowing the relevance of the different drivers of SWB may be helpful for the construction of composite indicators. We find that a SWB construct that includes only the most relevant drivers identified is a better predictor of actual SWB than the one that includes all the information available.
Current practice of assessing students’ sustainability competencies: a review of tools
Authors: Redman Aaron , Wiek Arnim , Barth Matthias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile there is growing agreement on the competencies sustainability professionals should possess as well as the pedagogies to develop them, the practice of assessing students’ sustainability competencies is still in its infancy. Despite growing interest among researchers, there has not yet been a systematic review of how students’ sustainability competencies are currently assessed. This review article responds to this need by examining what tools are currently used for assessing students’ sustainability competencies to inform future practice. A systematic literature review was conducted for publications through the end of 2019, resulting in 75 relevant studies that detail the use of an assessment tool. We analyzed the described tools regarding their main features, strengths and weaknesses, as well as potential improvements. Based on this analysis, we first propose a typology of eight assessment tools, which fall into three meta-types: self-perceiving, observation, and test-based approaches, providing specific examples of practice for all tools. We then articulate strengths and weaknesses as well as potential improvements for each tool (type). This study structures the field of sustainability competency assessment, provides a criteria-based overview of the currently used tools, and highlights promising future developments. For the practice, it provides guidance to sustainability (science) instructors, researchers, and program directors who are interested in using competencies assessment tools in more informed ways.
A novel unified deep neural networks methodology for use by date recognition in retail food package image
Authors: Gong Liyun , Thota Mamatha , Yu Miao , Duan Wenting , Swainson Mark , Ye Xujiong , Kollias Stefanos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere exist various types of information on retail food packages, including use by date, food product name and so on. The correct coding of use by dates on food packages is vitally important for avoiding potential health risks to customers caused by erroneous mislabelling of use by dates. It is extremely tedious and laborious to check the use by dates coding manually by a human operator, which is prone to generate errors thus an automatic system for validating the correctness of the coding of use by dates is needed. In order to construct such a system, firstly it needs to correctly automatic recognize use by dates on food packages. In this work, we propose a novel dual deep neural networks-based methodology for automatic recognition of use by dates in food package photographs recorded by a camera, which is a combination of two networks: a fully convolutional network for use by date ROI detection and a convolutional recurrent neuron network for date character recognition. The proposed methodology is the first attempt to apply deep learning for automatic use by date recognition. From comprehensive experimental evaluations, it is shown that the proposed method can achieve high accuracies in use by date recognition (more than 95% on our testing dataset), given food package images with varying lighting conditions, poor printing quality and varied textual/pictorial contents collected from multiple real retailer sites.
Identifying English Language Use and Communication Challenges Facing “Entry-Level” Workplace Immigrants in Canada
Authors: Cheng Liying , Im Gwan-Hyeok , Doe Christine , Douglas Scott Roy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCanada has one of the world’s largest immigrant populations, with one in five people in Canada born outside the country. Among these immigrants, a great majority started their lives in Canada working in entry-level jobs. This study examined the English language use and communication challenges among these new Canadian immigrants in entry-level workplace settings. Fourteen participants were interviewed. The results showed four distinct patterns of categories: topical knowledge, language knowledge, personal attributes, and communication strategies. These patterns of language use and communication challenges were narrated in each workplace where these immigrants survive and thrive using English. This study addresses the research gap of entry-level workplace immigrants in Canada and provides a nuanced understanding through work and life stories in reference to their English language ability.
Simulation of transonic buffet with an automated zonal DES approach
Authors: Ehrle Maximilian , Waldmann Andreas , Lutz Thorsten , Krämer Ewald 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA study of transonic buffet on the NASA Common Research Model at flight Reynolds numbers is presented. The ability of two different hybrid RANS/LES models as well as the URANS approach for resolving three-dimensional buffet motion was evaluated by means of spectral analysis. Automated Zonal DES and URANS simulations show similar results in terms of buffet frequency and spanwise propagation of buffet cells, whereas the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation results indicate a strong interaction between flow separation and shock motion. The extracted characteristic frequencies which are associated with transonic buffet are located in a range of Sr = 0.2–0.65 for URANS and AZDES and are therefore in accordance with findings from related recent research. Furthermore, the simulation time series were investigated and a structure of spanwise moving buffet cells with varying convection speed and wavelength could be observed.
Harmonizing Artificial Intelligence for Social Good
Authors: Berberich Nicolas , Nishida Toyoaki , Suzuki Shoko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo become more broadly applicable, positions on AI ethics require perspectives from non-Western regions and cultures such as China and Japan. In this paper, we propose that the addition of the concept of harmony to the discussion on ethical AI would be highly beneficial due to its centrality in East Asian cultures and its applicability to the challenge of designing AI for social good. We first present a synopsis of different definitions of harmony in multiple contexts, such as music and society, which reveals that the concept is, at its core, about well-balanced relationships and appropriate actions which give rise to order, balance, and aesthetically pleasing phenomena. The mediator for these well-balanced relationships isTaktwhich is an ability to act thoughtfully and sensibly according to the specific situation and to put things into proportion and order. We propose that the central challenge of building harmonizing AI is to make intelligent systems tactful and also to design and use them tactfully. For an AI system to become tactful, it needs to be able to have an advanced sensitivity to the specific contexts which it is in and their social and ethical implications and have the capability of approximately inferring the emotional and cognitive states of people with whom it is interacting.
Proliposome powder or tablets for generating inhalable liposomes using a medical nebulizer
Authors: Khan Iftikhar , Yousaf Sakib , Najlah Mohammad , Ahmed Waqar , Elhissi Abdelbary 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to develop and compare proliposome powder and proliposome tablet formulations for drug delivery from a Pari-LC Sprint nebulizer.

Methods
Proliposome powders were prepared by the slurry method and sorbitol or mannitol carbohydrate carrier were used in a 1:10 and 1:15 w/w lipid phase to carrier ratio. Beclometasone dipropionate (BDP; 2 mol%) was incorporated in the lipid phase. Proliposome powders were compressed into tablets, and liposomes were generated from proliposome powders or tablets within the nebulizer reservoir for subsequent aerosolization.

Results
Comparatively, shorter sputtering times were reported for the tablet formulations (≈ < 2.7±0.45 min), indicating uniform aerosolization. Post-nebulization, liposomes size was larger in the nebulizer reservoir in the range of 7.79±0.48 µm–9.73±1.53 µm for both powder and tablet formulations as compared to freshly prepared liposomes (5.38±0.73 µm–5.85±0.86 µm), suggesting liposome aggregation/fusion in the nebulizer’s reservoir. All formulations exhibited more than 80% mass output regardless of formulation type, but greater BDP proportions (circa 50%) were delivered to the Two-stage Impinger when tablet formulations were used. Moreover, the nebulized droplet median size and size distribution were lower for all tablet formulations in comparison to the powder formulations. Proliposome tablet and powdered formulations demonstrated the ability to generate vesicles that sustained the release of BDP.

Conclusion
Overall, this study showed that proliposome tablets could be disintegrated within a Pari-LC Sprint nebulizer to generate inhalable aerosol, with high drug output and hence can be manufactured on large scale to overcome the storage problems associated with powder formulations.
Local mechanical properties of explosively welded AA2519-AA1050-Ti6Al4V layered material
Authors: Boroński Dariusz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe study presents the results of tests of local static and cyclic properties of an explosively welded AA2519-AA1050-Ti6Al4V layered material. In order to perform the analysis, tests were carried out with the use of microspecimens collected from 10 layers of AA2519-AA1050-Ti6Al4V material. Additionally, the determined static properties were compared with the results of an analysis based on microhardness measurement. Based on the test results, slight differences in static properties were found for particular layers of the material as well as a distinct softening of the AA2519 layer in relation to the base values. It was also found that the application of microhardness measurement for analysis of static properties can lead to their overestimation. Cyclic properties were described by the Ramberg-Osgood model. As in the case of static properties, the cyclic properties of particular layers of AA2519-AA1050-Ti6Al4V material differ insignificantly. The tests of cyclic properties showed that application for their description the Ramberg-Osgood model, based on parameters determined for whole range of plastic strains, can lead to significant errors in the modeling of a layered material. The cyclic instability of Ti6Al4V and AA2519 alloys has a significant influence on the parameters to be determined for material models of the analyzed material.