bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of cardiac tamponades in interventional electrophysiology
Authors: Fink Thomas , Sciacca Vanessa , Feickert Sebastian , Metzner Andreas , Lin Tina , Schlüter Michael , Tilz Roland Richard , Heeger Christian-Hendrik , Maurer Tilman , Reissmann Bruno , Rottner Laura , Mathew Shibu , Wohlmuth Peter , Ouyang Feifan , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Rillig Andreas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to analyse tamponades following electrophysiological procedures regarding frequency and mortality in a high-volume centre and to identify independent predictors for severe tamponades.

Methods and results
We performed a retrospective study on 34 982 consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic electrophysiological studies or catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. The combined endpoint was defined as severe tamponade. Criteria for severe tamponade included surgical repair, repeat pericardiocentesis, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intrahospital death or death during follow-up, and thrombo-embolic events or complications due to therapeutic management. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent predictors for severe tamponade. A total of 226 tamponades were identified. Overall frequency of tamponades was 0.6%. Procedures requiring epicardial approach had the highest rate of tamponades (9.4%). Twenty-nine patients with tamponade underwent surgery (12.8% of all tamponades and 21.4% of tamponades during epicardial procedures). Overall tamponade-related mortality was 0.03% (9 deaths). Fifty-six patients (24.8%) experienced severe tamponade. Independent risk factors for severe tamponades were endocardial ablation of ventricular tachycardia, epicardial approach, balloon device ablation, high aspiration volume during pericardiocentesis and structural heart disease.

Conclusion
The frequency of tamponades is strongly dependent on the type of procedure performed. Overall tamponade-related mortality was low but significantly higher in patients undergoing epicardial procedures. Surgical backup should be considered for patients undergoing complex ventricular tachycardia ablation and left atrial ablation procedures.
Academic spill-ins or spill-outs? Examining knowledge spillovers of university patents
Authors: Moreira Solon , Soares Thiago J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this article, we investigate whether academic technology-based knowledge crosses university boundaries or remains trapped inside the ivory tower. To do so, we rely on a matched sample approach to compare the spillovers generated by academic and firm patents using measures that take into account knowledge spilling-in and knowledge spilling-out of academia. Although it is true that knowledge exchanges among universities may inflate the overall spillovers of university patents vis-à-vis firm patents, our results indicate that university patents generate more spillovers than a comparable sample of matched corporate patents, even when knowledge flows among universities are not regarded as spillovers. This suggests that, in our sample, firm technologies more frequently rely on academic patents than on technologies from other corporations. In addition, we find that the gap between university and industry spillovers differs across industries, with industries where patents are important for appropriating returns from R&D (i.e. more economically valuable), such as drugs, presenting a smaller gap than in industries with complex technologies (where firms have strong incentives to patent aggressively), such as computers. Finally, we show that industry patents generate more spillovers locally and that academic knowledge spillovers are less geographically localized than those of corporate research.
Mathematically modelling inflammation as a promoter of tumour growth
Authors: Wilkie Kathleen P , Aktar Farjana 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Inflammation is now known to play a significant role in tumour growth and progression. It is also difficult to adequately quantify systemic inflammation and the resulting localized effects in cancer. Here, we use experimental data to infer the possible contributions of inflammation in a mouse model of cancer. The model is validated by predicting tumour growth under anti-inflammatory treatments, and combination cancer therapies are explored. We then extend the model to consider simultaneous tumour implants at two distinct sites, which experimentally was shown to result in one large and one small tumour. We use this model to examine the role inflammation may play in the growth rate separation. Finally, we use this predictive two-tumour model to explore implications of inflammation on metastases, surgical removal of the primary and adjuvant anti-inflammatory treatments. This work suggests that improved tumour control can be obtained by targeting both the cancer and host, through anti-inflammatory treatments, including reduced metastatic burden post-surgical removal of primary tumours.
Evaluation of faba beans as an ingredient in dog diets: apparent total tract digestibility of extruded diets with graded levels of dehulled faba beans (Vicia faba L.) by dogs
Authors: Corsato Alvarenga Isabella , Holt Dalton , Aldrich Charles G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The growing pet food market is continuously in search for novel ingredients. Legumes such as faba beans (FB) are increasing in popularity and are known to benefit human health, but little is known about their use in pet foods. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dehulled FB utilization by dogs. Experimental diets were extruded with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% FB inclusion (FB0, FB10, FB20, and FB30, respectively). Beagle dogs (n = 12) were fed the diets for 9-d adaptation with 5-d total fecal collection in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was determined by external marker Cr2O3. At the culmination of each period, blood samples were collected from brachial venipuncture for complete blood count and blood chemistry. Palatability was determined with a 2-bowl test (n = 20). Means of blood parameters were separated by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with the aid of statistical software (SAS v9.4). Contrasts and least square means of fecal parameters and ATTD were computed. Significance level was considered to be α = 0.05. Dogs ate all food on offer and maintained body weight. There was no difference (P &gt; 0.05) among treatments (FB10, FB20, and FB30) and the control (FB0) relative to food intake, fecal output (“as is” basis), and fecal score, but feces were softer when dogs were fed the treatments (P = 0.031) and there was a linear increase (P = 0.011) in defecation frequency (stools/day) when FB increased in the diets. Dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein digestibilities were slightly higher when dogs were fed the control diet (P &lt; 0.05) compared with the FB diets. All blood and serum chemistry parameters were similar among treatments and within the reference ranges. Dogs preferred the control diet relative to the 10% and 30% FB diets, but the 20% FB preference was similar to the control. Dogs remained healthy, maintained body weight and no adverse health events were observed during the study. Dehulled FB are a suitable ingredient for dog foods, but concentrations should not exceed 20% to avoid reduction in palatability and stool quality.
Presence of Clock genes in equine full-term placenta
Authors: Parsons Aubone Agata M , Bisiau Christian M , McCue Patrick M , Bouma Gerrit J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Mammals have a circadian rhythm that is synchronized by a master clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN regulates additional clocks located in peripheral tissues, including some involved in endocrine or reproductive functions. Studies in humans and mice report that molecular clocks also exist in the placenta. However, little is known about the presence of “Clock genes,” namely Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK), Brain and Muscle Arnt-Like 1 (BMAL1), Period 1 (PER1), Period 2 (PER2), Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), and Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2), in equine placenta. Pregnancy length in mares varies and shows fluctuations in hormone concentrations throughout pregnancy. We postulate that similar to humans and mice, Clock genes are present in the horse placentas. Our goal was to determine if relative levels of clock genes were different between placentas associated with males and female fetuses or correlated with gestational length. We used polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence to study the presence of CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, PER2, CRY1, and CRY2 in full-term mare placentas. Clock genes were present in all placentas, with significant lower levels of CRY2 and CLOCK in placentas that were associated with male fetuses. There was no association between relative levels of Clock genes and gestational length. These data provide the stage for future studies aimed at uncovering a function for Clock genes in the horse placenta.
Michael Skidmore v Led Zeppelin: Copyright infringement in music under US law
Authors: Bosher Hayleigh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Michael Skidmore v Led Zeppelin No 16-56057, DC No 2:15-cv-03462-RGK-AGR, 9 March 2020
The US Ninth Circuit Court of Appeal upheld that Led Zeppelin's song Stairway to Heaven did not infringe the copyright of the instrumental song ‘Taurus’ and overruled circuit precedent to reject the inverse ratio rule.
Factors Influencing Minority and Urban Students’ Interest in Natural Resources
Authors: Moreno Bianca , Crandall Chelsey , Monroe Martha C 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiversifying the student body of natural resources (NR) programs by increasing numbers of women and people of color is important. This study explored factors influencing undergraduate interest in NR, including forestry, and decision to enroll in an NR undergraduate program at a large 1862 land-grant institution in the southeastern United States. We looked at how their responses differ between gender, race/ethnicity, and the environment surrounding their home where they grew up, a variable we call the environment of influence. Overall, results confirm the importance of connection to nature. Interest in enrolling in an NR program and pursuing a career depend in large part on having a connection to nature and concern for the environment, and this is true for those who grew up in urban as well as rural environments. A notable difference between female and male respondents was when their interest in NR began: females reported early childhood age, and males reported in high school or later. Interest also occurred later in life for nonwhite/Hispanic students than for white/non-Hispanic students. Other racial/ethnic differences include the influence of guest speakers, family, and media in the interest and enrollment in NR. Media also played a strong role in NR enrollment and interest in the respondents from suburban and built environments. We conclude with recommendations for recruiting a more diverse undergraduate NR body and creating a more inclusive environment for people from different genders, races, and environments of influence.
Internet Disruptions in the Doctor–Patient Relationship
Authors: Freckelton Ian R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The ubiquitous access by patients to online information about health issues is disrupting the traditional doctor–patient relationship in fundamental ways. The knowledge imbalance has shifted and the last nails are being hammered into the coffin of medical paternalism. Ready access to Dr Google has many positive aspects but the risk of undiscerning acceptance by patients of unscientific, out-of-date or biased information for their decision-making remains. In turn this may feed into the content of the legal duty of care for doctors and contribute to a need for them to inquire sensitively into the sources of information that may be generating surprising or apparently illogical patient treatment choices. In addition, patients, those related to patients, and others have the potential to publish on the Internet incorrect and harmful information about doctors. A number of influential decisions by courts have now established the legitimacy of medical practitioners taking legal proceedings for defamation and injunctive relief to stop vituperative and vindictive online publications that are harming them personally, reputationally and commercially. Furthermore, disciplinary accountability has been imposed on doctors for intemperate, disrespectful online postings. All of these factors are contributing to a disruptive recalibration of the dynamics between doctors and their patients.
The intermediate nebular phase of SN 2014J: onset of clumping as the source of recombination
Authors: Mazzali P A , Bikmaev I , Sunyaev R , Ashall C , Prentice S , Tanaka M , Irtuganov E , Melnikov S , Zhuchkov R 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
At the age of about 1 yr, the spectra of most Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are dominated by strong forbidden nebular emission lines of Fe ii and Fe iii. Later observations (at about 2 yr) of the nearby SN 2011fe showed an unexpected shift of ionization to Fe i and Fe ii. Spectra of the very nearby SN Ia 2014J at an intermediate phase (1–1.5 yr) that are presented here show a progressive decline of Fe iii emission, while Fe i is not yet strong. The decrease in ionization can be explained if the degree of clumping in the ejecta increases significantly at ∼1.5 yr, at least in the Fe-dominated zone. Models suggest that clumps remain coherent after about one year, behaving like shrapnel. The high density in the clumps, combined with the decreasing heating rate, would then cause recombination. These data may witness the phase of transition from relatively smooth ejecta to the very clumpy morphology that is typical of SN remnants. The origin of the increased clumping may be the development of local magnetic fields.
Fast cloud–cloud collisions in a strongly barred galaxy: suppression of massive star formation
Authors: Fujimoto Yusuke , Maeda Fumiya , Habe Asao , Ohta Kouji 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent galaxy observations show that star formation activity changes depending on galactic environments. In order to understand the diversity of galactic-scale star formation, it is crucial to understand the formation and evolution of giant molecular clouds in an extreme environment. We focus on observational evidence that bars in strongly barred galaxies lack massive stars even though quantities of molecular gas are sufficient to form stars. In this paper, we present a hydrodynamical simulation of a strongly barred galaxy, using a stellar potential which is taken from observational results of NGC 1300, and we compare cloud properties between different galactic environments: bar, bar-end, and spiral arms. We find that the mean of cloud’s virial parameter is αvir ∼ 1 and that there is no environmental dependence, indicating that the gravitationally bound state of a cloud is not behind the observational evidence of the lack of massive stars in strong bars. Instead, we focus on cloud–cloud collisions, which have been proposed as a triggering mechanism for massive star formation. We find that the collision speed in the bar is faster than those in the other regions. We examine the collision frequency using clouds’ kinematics and conclude that the fast collisions in the bar could originate from random-like motion of clouds due to elliptical gas orbits shifted by the bar potential. These results suggest that the observed regions of lack of active star formation in the strong bar originate from the fast cloud–cloud collisions, which are inefficient in forming massive stars, due to the galactic-scale violent gas motion.
Extended lens reconstructions with grale: exploiting time-domain, substructural, and weak lensing information
Authors: Liesenborgs Jori , Williams Liliya L R , Wagner Jenny , De Rijcke Sven 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The information about the mass density of galaxy clusters provided by the gravitational lens effect has inspired many inversion techniques. In this article, updates to the previously introduced method in grale are described, and explored in a number of examples. The first looks into a different way of incorporating time delay information, not requiring the unknown source position. It is found that this avoids a possible bias that leads to ‘overfocusing’ the images, i.e. providing source position estimates that lie in a considerably smaller region than the true positions. The second is inspired by previous reconstructions of the cluster of galaxies MACS J1149.6+2223, where a multiply imaged background galaxy contained a supernova, SN Refsdal, of which four additional images were produced by the presence of a smaller cluster galaxy. The inversion for the cluster as a whole was not able to recover sufficient detail interior to this quad. We show how constraints on such different scales, from the entire cluster to a single member galaxy, can now be used, allowing such small-scale substructures to be resolved. Finally, the addition of weak lensing information to this method is investigated. While this clearly helps recover the environment around the strong lensing region, the mass sheet degeneracy may make a full strong and weak inversion difficult, depending on the quality of the ellipticity information at hand. We encounter ring-like structure at the boundary of the two regimes, argued to be the result of combining strong and weak lensing constraints, possibly affected by degeneracies.
The formation of ultradiffuse galaxies in clusters
Authors: Sales Laura V , Navarro Julio F , Peñafiel Louis , Peng Eric W , Lim Sungsoon , Hernquist Lars 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We use the IllustrisTNG cosmological hydrodynamical simulation to study the formation of ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) in galaxy clusters. We supplement the simulations with a realistic mass–size relation for galaxies at the time of infall into the cluster, as well as an analytical model to describe the tidally induced evolution of their stellar mass, velocity dispersion, and size. The model assumes ‘cuspy’ NFW haloes and, contrary to recent claims, has no difficulty reproducing the observed number of UDGs in clusters. Our results further suggest that the UDG population consists of a mixture of ‘normal’ low surface brightness galaxies such as those found in the field (‘born’ UDGs, or B-UDGs), as well as a distinct population that owe their large size and low surface brightness to the effects of cluster tides (‘tidal’, or T-UDGs). The simulations indicate that T-UDGs entered the cluster earlier and should be more prevalent than B-UDGs near the cluster centres. T-UDGs should also have, at given stellar mass, lower velocity dispersion, higher metallicities, and lower dark matter content than B-UDGs. Our results suggest that systems like DF-44 are consistent with having been born as UDGs, while others such as DF2, DF4, and VLSB-D are possibly extreme T-UDG examples.
Gravitational waves from magnetically induced thermal neutron star mountains
Authors: Osborne E L , Jones D I 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Many low-mass X-ray binary systems are observed to contain rapidly spinning neutron stars. The spin frequencies of these systems may be limited by the emission of gravitational waves. This can happen if their mass distribution is sufficiently non-axisymmetric. It has been suggested that such ‘mountains’ may be created via temperature non-axisymmetries, but estimates of the likely level of temperature asymmetry have been lacking. To remedy this, we examine a simple symmetry breaking mechanism, where an internal magnetic field perturbs the thermal conductivity tensor, making it direction-dependent. We find that the internal magnetic field strengths required to build mountains of the necessary size are very large, several orders of magnitude larger than the inferred external field strengths, pushing into the regime where our assumption of the magnetic field having a perturbative effect on the thermal conductivity breaks down. We also examine how non-axisymmetric surface temperature profiles, as might be caused by magnetic funnelling of the accretion flow, lead to internal temperature asymmetries, but find that for realistic parameters the induced non-axisymmetries are very small. We conclude that, in the context of this work at least, very large internal magnetic fields are required to generate mountains of the necessary size.
The nature of a primary jet within a circumbinary disc outflow in a young stellar system
Authors: Lynch Chris J R , Smith Michael D 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Most stars form in binaries, and both stars may grow by accreting material from a circumbinary disc on to their own discs. We suspect that in many cases a wide molecular wind will envelope a collimated atomic jet emanating from close to an orbiting young star. This so-called circumbinary scenario is explored here in order to find common identifiable properties. The dynamical set-up is studied with three-dimensional simulations with chemistry and cooling included. We extract the properties on scales of order 100 au and compare to the co-orbital scenario in which the wind and jet sources are in orbit. We find that the rapid orbital motion generates a wide ionized sheath around the jet core with a large opening angle at the base. This is independent of the presence of the surrounding molecular outflow. However, the atomic jet is recollimated beyond ∼55 au when the molecular outflow restricts the motion of the ambient medium which, in turn, confines the jet. These physical properties are related to the optical H α imaging, providing a means of distinguishing between models. The high excitation sheath and recollimation region can be explored on these scales through the next generation of instruments. However, in general, the amount and location of the ionized material, whether in the knots or the sheath, will depend on several parameters including the orbital period, axis alignment, and pulse amplitude.
Using variability and VLBI to measure cosmological distances
Authors: Hodgson Jeffrey A , L’Huillier Benjamin , Liodakis Ioannis , Lee Sang-Sung , Shafieloo Arman 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we propose a new approach to determining cosmological distances to active Galactic nuclei (AGNs) via light travel-time arguments, which can be extended from nearby sources to very high redshift sources. The key assumption is that the variability seen in AGNs is constrained by the speed of light and therefore provides an estimate of the linear size of an emitting region. This can then be compared with the angular size measured with very long baseline interferometryer to derive a distance. We demonstrate this approach on a specific well-studied low-redshift (z = 0.0178) source 3C 84 (NGC 1275), which is the bright radio core of the Perseus Cluster. We derive an angular diameter distance including statistical errors of $D_{\mathrm{ A}} = 72^{+5}_{-6}$ Mpc for this source, which is consistent with other distance measurements at this redshift. Possible sources of systematic errors and ways to correct for them are discussed.