bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrate counting accuracy in adults with cystic fibrosis related diabetes
Authors: Stonestreet Jenna , AR Ashmitha , Herd Karen , Matson Angela , Bell Jack 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimPoorly controlled Cystic Fibrosis‐Related Diabetes (CFRD) is associated with adverse impacts on lung function and nutritional status. Insulin therapy is the only recommended medical treatment. Carbohydrate Counting (CC) is used to guide insulin doses and can assist in achieving optimal postprandial blood glucose levels. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of individuals with CFRD who carbohydrate count, explore barriers to its use and assess the accuracy of CC in hospitalised patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional, mixed‐methods, descriptive study recruited individuals with CFRD hospitalised at an Australian tertiary hospital. Consenting patients completed a questionnaire. Patients were asked to estimate the carbohydrate content of their ordered meals provided by hospital foodservices. The study dietitian assessed each meal's estimation against the actual content.Results17 individuals were recruited to this study and five declined. Seven had a fixed insulin regimen, and ten had a flexible insulin regimen and used CC. Patients in the fixed insulin group reported lower levels of confidence in their ability to carbohydrate count (P < .001) and placed less importance on CC (P < .001). 53% of the fixed insulin group's and 41.7% of the flexible insulin group's estimations of the carbohydrate content of the hospital food items were accurate.ConclusionOf those patients recruited to this study, 59% used CC as a tool to guide insulin dosing, and patients estimated accurate carbohydrate values in only 46% of meals. Further research is warranted to investigate the most suitable method to assist accurate carbohydrate content estimations in a hospital setting.
Early removal of senescent cells protects retinal ganglion cells loss in experimental ocular hypertension
Authors: Rocha Lorena Raquel , Nguyen Huu Viet Anh , Palomino La Torre Claudia , Xu Qianlan , Jabari Mary , Krawczyk Michal , Weinreb Robert N. , Skowronska‐Krawczyk Dorota 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExperimental ocular hypertension induces senescence of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that mimics events occurring in human glaucoma. Senescence‐related chromatin remodeling leads to profound transcriptional changes including the upregulation of a subset of genes that encode multiple proteins collectively referred to as the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Emerging evidence suggests that the presence of these proinflammatory and matrix‐degrading molecules has deleterious effects in a variety of tissues. In the current study, we demonstrated in a transgenic mouse model that early removal of senescent cells induced upon elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) protects unaffected RGCs from senescence and apoptosis. Visual evoked potential (VEP) analysis demonstrated that remaining RGCs are functional and that the treatment protected visual functions. Finally, removal of endogenous senescent retinal cells after IOP elevation by a treatment with senolytic drug dasatinib prevented loss of retinal functions and cellular structure. Senolytic drugs may have the potential to mitigate the deleterious impact of elevated IOP on RGC survival in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.
Foetal growth restriction has negative influence on narrative skills in 8–10‐year‐old children
Authors: Partanen Lea , Korkalainen Noora , Mäkikallio Kaarin , Olsén Päivi , Heikkinen Hanna , Yliherva Anneli 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe risk for neurocognitive difficulties is increased in children born with foetal growth restriction (FGR), but no data exist yet on their narrative skills. The narrative skills of 8‐ to 10‐year‐old children born with FGR between 24 and 40 weeks were compared with those of children born with appropriate growth for gestational age (AGA).MethodsA prospectively collected cohort of 36 children with FGR was recruited prenatally at a Finnish tertiary hospital from 1998‐2001, and 31 children with AGA served as controls. Narrative skills were assessed using a standardised test, and correlations between narrative, communication, reading and spelling skills were studied.ResultsChildren born with FGR produced significantly less information and shorter utterances in their narratives than the AGA group. Children born preterm with FGR performed significantly more poorly in their narratives than the preterm AGA group. Poor narrative skills correlated with poor communication, reading and spelling skills.ConclusionChildren born with FGR had poorer narrative skills compared with their AGA peers at the age of 8‐10 years, and narrative skills were linked to other language‐based skills, which underlines the importance of early detection and preventive measures to optimise the educational outcome of children born with FGR.
BOARD GOVERNANCE: DOES OWNERSHIP MATTER?
Authors: HIDETO DATO Muluneh , HUDON Marek , MERSLAND Roy 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTGood governance is crucial to achieving an organization's mission. Nevertheless, little is known about how the structure of governance is influenced by the nonprofit (NPO) or for‐profit ownership (FPO) structure of an organization, partly because they tend to be active in different sectors. In this paper we overcome this challenge by using data from a global sample of 392 microfinance institutions. The results show that the average NPO has a larger board, more female directors, and a higher number of board meetings than the average FPO. Moreover, where there are larger boards and more frequent board meetings, this has a positive effect on the financial performance of NPOs. It is thus confirmed that ownership structures influence boards’ characteristics and that some board mechanisms are more efficient in some ownership structures than in others. An effective board design should thus be based on a firm's ownership structure.
Incidence, cause, outcome and possible risk factors associated with facial nerve paralysis in dogs in a Sydney population (2001–2016): a retrospective study
Authors: Chan MK , Toribio J‐ALML , Podadera JM , Child G 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the incidence and causes of facial nerve paralysis (FNP) in dogs in the Sydney region. Its outcome and possible risk factors are investigated to prognosticate and aid design of diagnostic and treatment plans.DesignRetrospective case study.MethodsClient‐owned dogs presented to the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Sydney (UVTHS), between 2001 and 2016 with FNP were included (n = 122). The incidence of each cause of FNP was investigated. A reference population of noncases seen at the UVTHS during the same time period was used to study the association between idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (IFNP) and gender, age and breed.ResultsIFNP (29.5%) was the most common diagnosis. Male dogs (odds ratio [OR], 2.3) had increased odds of IFNP compared with female dogs. Age was a significant risk factor for both the occurrence of FNP and IFNP. There was higher occurrence of IFNP among middle‐aged dogs (5–13 years) and reduced risk in juvenile dogs (less than 2 years). Cavalier King Charles Spaniels were over‐represented for FNP (OR, 6.9) and IFNP (OR, 17.5). For IFNP, 6 of 16 dogs with known follow‐up showed definitive resolution within 3 years of diagnosis. Concurrent vestibular signs were common in dogs with middle/inner ear abnormality and intracranial disease; and were also seen in 50% of dogs with IFNP.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate statistical predilections in age, gender and breed for IFNP. Guarded prognosis for recovery should be given to dogs diagnosed with IFNP and supportive management instigated.
The efficacy and safety of fingolimod in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Ting , Tian Xin , Chen Chao‐Yang , Ma Ling‐Yun , Zhou Shuang , Li Min , Wu Ye , Zhou Ying , Cui Yi‐Min 
Published: December 2019

AimsThe aim of the present meta‐analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fingolimod in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS).MethodsPubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for relevant studies. Two authors independently selected the studies, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted the data. The meta‐analysis was performed in RevMan 5.3 provided by the Cochrane Collaboration.ResultsTen studies met the inclusion criteria. In patients with RMS, fingolimod demonstrated a significantly lower annualized relapse rate (0.5 mg/d: mean difference [95% confidence interval] = −0.22 [−0.29 to −0.14]; 1.25 mg/d: −0.26 [−0.36 to −0.16]; 5 mg/d: −0.41 [−0.72 to −0.10]) than placebo. Fingolimod also exhibited a favorable performance on other magnetic resonance imaging outcomes and improved the quality of life in patients. No significant difference was noted in the prevalence of adverse events between the fingolimod treatment group and the placebo/disease‐modifying therapy groups.ConclusionsFingolimod may offer benefits for RMS patients and presents an acceptable safety profile.
A unified evaluation of differential vaccine efficacy
Authors: Gabriel Erin E. , Sachs Michael C. , Follmann Dean A. , Andersson Therese M‐L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMany infectious diseases are well prevented by proper vaccination. However, when a vaccine is not completely efficacious, there is great interest in determining how the vaccine effect differs in subgroups conditional on measured immune responses postvaccination and also according to the type of infecting agent (eg, strain of a virus). The former is often called correlate of protection (CoP) analysis, while the latter has been called sieve analysis. We propose a unified framework for simultaneously assessing CoP and sieve effects of a vaccine in a large Phase III randomized trial. We use flexible parametric models treating times to infection from different agents as competing risks and estimated maximum likelihood to fit the models. The parametric models under competing risks allow for estimation of both cumulative incidence‐based contrasts and instantaneous rates. We outline the assumptions with which we can link the observable data to the causal contrasts of interest, propose hypothesis testing procedures, and evaluate our proposed methods in an extensive simulation study.
T cell reconstitution after lymphocyte depletion features a different pattern of inhibitory receptor expression in ABO- versus HLA-incompatible kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Del Bello A , Kamar N , Treiner E 
Published: December 2019

Summary
Chronic antigen stimulation can lead to immune exhaustion (a state of T cell dysfunction). Several phenotypical signatures of T cell exhaustion have been described in various pathological situations, characterized by aberrant expression of multiple inhibitory receptors (IR). This signature has been barely studied in the context of allogenic organ transplantation. We undertook a cross-sectional analysis of the expression of IR [CD244, CD279, T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin (Ig) and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) domains (TIGIT) and CD57] and their correlation with cytokine-producing functions in T cells reconstituting after lymphocyte depletion in patients transplanted from living donors, with preformed donor-specific antibodies. After ABO incompatible transplantation, T cells progressively acquired a phenotype similar to healthy donors and the expression of several IR marked cells with increased functions, with the exception of TIGIT, which was associated with decreased cytokine production. In stark contrast, T cell reconstitution in patients with anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies was characterized with an increased co-expression of IR by T cells, and specifically by an increased expression of TIGIT. Furthermore, expression of these receptors was no longer directly correlated to cytokine production. These results suggest that T cell alloreactivity in HLA-incompatible kidney transplantation drives an aberrant T cell reconstitution with respect to IR profile, which could have an impact on the transplantation outcome.
The influence of the gastrointestinal microbiome on colorectal metastasis: a narrative review
Authors: Stakelum A. , Zaborowski A. , Collins D. , Winter D. C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe gastrointestinal microbiome has been suggested to contribute to the development of both primary and secondary colorectal cancer. Despite advances in understanding the prognostic and predictive value of clinico‐pathological parameters, the underlying mechanisms that result in progression to metastatic disease have yet to be defined. The metastatic cascade involves a number of sequential steps, including detachment of tumour cells from the primary site, intravasation and dissemination within the circulatory and lymphatic systems, with extravasation and proliferation at a secondary site.ObjectiveAn analysis of the literature relating to the gastrointestinal microbiome and its role in colorectal metastasis was conducted. This review aims to examine the current evidence supporting a role for the microbiome in colorectal metastasis and to describe the mechanisms by which it may contribute to metastatic progression.ConclusionThe invasive pathways utilized by bacteria and how they may be manipulated by tumour cells for migration and metastasis are presented and the potential of the intestinal microbiome as a therapeutic target in colorectal carcinogenesis and metastasis is detailed here.
Human regular U‐500 insulin via continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections in adults with type 2 diabetes: The VIVID study
Authors: Grunberger George , Bhargava Anuj , Ly Trang , Zisser Howard , Ilag Liza L. , Malone James , Fan Ludi , Zhang Shuyu , Johnson Jennal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the safety and efficacy of U500‐R delivered by a novel, specifically designed U500‐R insulin pump with U‐500R delivered by multiple daily injections (MDI).MethodsThe phase 3 VIVID study randomized people with type 2 diabetes to U‐500R by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or MDI. Participants (aged 18–85 years) had HbA1c ≥7.5% and ≤12.0% and a total daily dose of insulin >200 and ≤600 U/day. After a 2‐week transition to three times daily injections of U‐500R, participants were treated for 24 weeks with U‐500R by CSII or MDI. Treatment arms were compared using mixed model repeated measures analysis.ResultsThe study randomized 420 participants (CSII: 209, MDI: 211) with 365 completers. Mean changes from baseline were: HbA1c, −1.27% (−13.9 mmol/mol) with CSII and −0.85% (−9.3 mmol/mol) with MDI (difference − 0.42% [−4.6 mmol/mol], P <0.001); fasting plasma glucose, −33.9 mg/dL (−1.9 mmol/L) with CSII and 1.7 mg/dL (0.09 mmol/L) with MDI (difference − 35.6 mg/dL [−2.0 mmol/L], P <0.001); total daily dose, 2.8 U with CSII and 51.3 U with MDI (P < 0.001). Weight changes and rates of documented symptomatic and severe hypoglycaemia were similar between groups; the CSII group had a higher rate of nocturnal hypoglycaemia.ConclusionsIn type 2 diabetes requiring high doses of insulin, both methods of U‐500R delivery lowered HbA1c. However, the CSII group attained greater HbA1c reduction with significantly less insulin. Individualized dose titration will be important to balance glycaemic control with hypoglycaemia risk.
Annexin A6 improves anti‐migratory and anti‐invasive properties of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR overexpressing human squamous epithelial cells
Authors: Hoque Monira , Elmaghrabi Yasmin A. , Köse Meryem , Beevi Syed S. , Jose Jaimy , Meneses‐Salas Elsa , Blanco‐Muñoz Patricia , Conway James R. W. , Swarbrick Alexander , Timpson Paul , Tebar Francesc , Enrich Carlos , Rentero Carles , Grewal Thomas 
Published: December 2019

Annexin A6 (AnxA6), a member of the calcium (Ca2+) and membrane binding annexins, is known to stabilize and establish the formation of multifactorial signaling complexes. At the plasma membrane, AnxA6 is a scaffold for protein kinase Cα (PKCα) and GTPase‐activating protein p120GAP to promote downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. In human squamous A431 epithelial carcinoma cells, which overexpress EGFR, but lack endogenous AnxA6, restoration of AnxA6 expression (A431‐A6) promotes PKCα‐mediated threonine 654 (T654)–EGFR phosphorylation, which inhibits EGFR tyrosine kinase activity. This is associated with reduced A431‐A6 cell growth, but also decreased migration and invasion in wound healing, matrigel, and organotypic matrices. Here, we show that A431‐A6 cells display reduced EGFR activity in vivo, with xenograft analysis identifying increased pT654‐EGFR levels, but reduced tyrosine EGFR phosphorylation compared to controls. In contrast, PKCα depletion in A431‐A6 tumors is associated with strongly reduced pT654 EGFR levels, yet increased EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation and MAPK activity. Moreover, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs; gefitinib, erlotinib) more effectively inhibit cell viability, clonogenic growth, and wound healing of A431‐A6 cells compared to controls. Likewise, the ability of AnxA6 to inhibit A431 motility and invasiveness strongly improves TKI efficacy in matrigel invasion assays. This correlates with a greatly reduced invasion of the surrounding matrix of TKI‐treated A431‐A6 when cultured in 3D spheroids. Altogether, these findings implicate that elevated AnxA6 scaffold levels contribute to improve TKI‐mediated inhibition of growth and migration, but also invasive properties in EGFR overexpressing human squamous epithelial carcinoma.
Oxidation and microstructure of SiCf/SiC composites in moist air up to 1600°C by X‐ray tomographic characterization
Authors: Lu Zilong , Bie Bixiong , Pang Aimin , Li Wei , Yue Jianling , Huang Xiaozhong , Yang Haitang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSiCf/SiC composites that possess PyC or BN interface layers were fabricated and then oxidized in moist air at 1000, 1200, 1400, and 1600°C. High‐resolution CT was used for capturing 3D images and quantifying the SiC phase, mesophase, and voids. The oxidation behavior and microstructural evolution of SiCf/SiC with PyC or BN interface are discussed in this study. The microstructure of the SiCf/SiC with a PyC layer was seriously damaged in moist air at high temperature, whereas the BN interface layer enhanced the oxidation resistance of the SiCf/SiC. These results are also confirmed by using XRD, oxidation mass gain, tensile testing, and SEM measurements. The results of the oxidation behavior and microstructural evolution for SiCf/SiC oxidized in dry air are also compared with the results of this study. Comparing the SiCf/SiC with a PyC interface layer, the composite with a BN interface layer oxidized in moist air exhibits a high void growth rate and a low SiO2 grain growth rate from 1000 to 1600°C. This work will provide guidance for predicting the service life of SiCf/SiC for multiscale damage rate models of materials at a local scale and will also provide guidance on the life service design of SiCf/SiC materials.
Developmental outcomes of infants adopted from foster care: Predictive associations from perinatal and preplacement risk factors
Authors: Tung Irene , Christian‐Brandt Allison S. , Langley Audra K. , Waterman Jill M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInfants adopted domestically from foster care often present with prenatal substance exposure and risky birth outcomes such as prematurity and low birthweight. Because few longitudinal studies of foster‐adoptive infants exist, it is unclear how these preplacement risk factors influence development over time. The present study examined associations between perinatal risk factors and developmental outcomes among an ethnically/racially diverse sample of 97 infants in foster care (56% boys) placed into adoptive homes at ages 0–19 months. Relative to population norms, foster‐adoptive infants showed comparable cognitive but lower language and motor functioning at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up. Age‐adjusted language scores significantly improved 1 year following placement, consistent with a developmental “catch‐up” effect. Low birthweight uniquely predicted lower language scores at baseline, but this association was no longer significant at follow‐up. Prenatal substance exposure was associated with lower baseline cognitive scores, but only for infants placed after 6 months of age. In contrast, infants with low birthweight and later placement age (>12 months) showed the most accelerated motor development. Sex differences emerged at follow‐up when predicting motor and language outcomes, suggesting potential sex‐specific pathways of risk. Overall, results support adoption as an early intervention that may buffer vulnerability to perinatal risk on development.
Comparison between haplotype‐based and individual snp‐based genomic predictions for beef fatty acid profile in Nelore cattle
Authors: Feitosa Fabieli Loise Braga , Pereira Angélica Simone Cravo , Amorim Sabrina Thaise , Peripolli Elisa , Silva Rafael Medeiros de Oliveira , Braz Camila Urbano , Ferrinho Adrielle Matias , Schenkel Flavio Schramm , Brito Luiz Fernando , Espigolan Rafael , de Albuquerque Lucia Galvão , Baldi Fernando 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the genomic predictions using the single‐step genomic best linear unbiased predictor (ssGBLUP) method based on SNPs and haplotype markers associated with beef fatty acids (FAs) profile in Nelore cattle. The data set contained records from 963 Nelore bulls finished in feedlot (±90 days) and slaughtered with approximately 24 months of age. Meat samples from the Longissimus dorsi muscle were taken for FAs profile measurement. FAs were quantified by gas chromatography using a SP‐2560 capillary column. Animals were genotyped with the high‐density SNP panel (BovineHD BeadChip assay) containing 777,962 markers. SNPs with a minor allele frequency and a call rate lower than 0.05 and 0.90, respectively, monomorphic, located on sex chromosomes, and with unknown position were removed from the data set. After genomic quality control, a total of 469,981 SNPs and 892 samples were available for subsequent analyses. Missing genotypes were imputed and phased using the FImpute software. Haplotype blocks were defined based on linkage disequilibrium using the Haploview software. The model to estimate variance components and genetic parameters and to predict the genomic values included the random genetic additive effects, fixed effects of the contemporary group and the age at slaughter as a linear covariate. Accuracies using the haplotype‐based approach ranged from 0.07 to 0.31, and those SNP‐based ranged from 0.06 to 0.33. Regression coefficients ranged from 0.07 to 0.74 and from 0.08 to 1.45 using the haplotype‐ and SNP‐based approaches, respectively. Despite the low to moderate accuracies for the genomic values, it is possible to obtain genetic progress trough selection using genomic information based either on SNPs or haplotype markers. The SNP‐based approach allows less biased genomic evaluations, and it is more feasible when taking into account the computational and operational cost underlying the haplotypes inference.