bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanotechnology of diamondoids for the fabrication of nanostructured systems
Authors: Yeung Ka-Wai , Dong Yuqing , Chen Ling , Tang Chak-Yin , Law Wing-Cheung , Tsui Gary Chi-Pong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Diamondoids are cage-like hydrocarbon materials with unique characteristics such as low dielectric constants, negative electron affinity, large steric bulk, and electron-donating ability. They are widely used for advanced functional materials in nanocomposite science. Surface modification of diamondoids also produces functional derivatives that broaden its applications. This article provides a concise review of the fundamentals of diamondoids, including their origin and functionalization, electronic structure, optical properties, and vibrational characteristics. The recent advances of diamondoids and their derivatives in applications, such as nanocomposites and thin film coatings, are presented. The fabrication of diamondoid-based nanostructured devices, including electron emitters, catalyst sensors, and light-emitting diodes, are also reviewed. Finally, the future developments of this unique class of hydrocarbon materials in producing a novel nanostructure system using advanced nanotechnologies are discussed. This review is intended to provide a basic understanding of diamondoid properties, discuss the recent progress of its modifications and functionalization, and highlight its novel applications and future prospects.
Identifying best parameters of particleboard bonded with dextrin-based adhesives
Authors: Alamsyah Eka Mulya , Sutrisno  , Nuryawan Arif , Widyorini Ragil 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the best parameters of particleboard manufacturing throughout the physical and mechanical properties’ test under Japanese Industrial Standard. Particleboard panels were manufactured from veneer waste of sengon wood (Paraserianthes moluccana) bonded with dextrin-based adhesives (DAs) and urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesives at the density target of 0.70 g/cm2 under various manufacturing parameters of adhesives composition, load pressure and pressure temperatures. The results showed that an increase in the value of physical and mechanical properties occurred on particleboards which were glued with DAs added with UF. As the addition of UF adhesive increases, the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboard also gradually increase. This confirms that a good bonding occurs when adding UF adhesives compared to using only dextrin. The particleboard manufacturing parameters demonstrated the best properties when 40% DA was mixed with 60% UF adhesives (DA–UF = 40:60 pbw; P12) for the physical test and 20% DA mixed with 80% UF (DA–UF = 20:80; P13) for the mechanical test for both particleboards under the load pressurized at 40 kgf/cm2 for 30 min at a temperature of 105°C.
Method of biochar application affects growth, yield and nutrient uptake of cowpea
Authors: Yeboah Edward , Asamoah Gideon , Ofori Patrick , Amoah Ben , Agyeman Kwaku Osei Adu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Biochar produced from pyrolysis of organic materials has been found to improve plant growth by improving the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil as well as enhancing the sequestration of carbon dioxide that would release into the atmosphere through the decomposition of organic residues. However, there is scanty information on the methods used to apply biochar in order to optimize the benefits of biochar use for agricultural production. In view of this, a field study was carried out at the experimental field of CSIR – Soil Research Institute, Kumasi, to assess the effect of method of biochar application on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in a moderately acidic sandy Ferric Acrisol. The experiment was set up using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments imposed were as follows: control, broadcasting, spot and ring methods of application. The parameters assessed included growth and yield data as well as nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in shoots and grains. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using Genstat 12th edition. The results showed that the spot and ring methods of application significantly enhanced height, girth, nodule number and dry weight, shoot biomass and grain yield as well as nitrogen and phosphorus contents in shoots and grains when compared with the broadcasting method and control. This study therefore recommends the spot and ring methods of biochar application for adoption in cowpea production for enhanced growth, yield and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake.
Evaluation of consumer habits and knowledge about dietary fibre and fibre-rich products in Turkish population
Authors: Yalçın Erkan , Kösemeci Cem , Correia Paula , Karademir Ezgi , Ferreira Manuela , Florença Sofia G. , Guiné Raquel P. F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the Turkish consumers’ knowledge about dietary fibres and purchasing behaviours about fibre rich foods and also their attitudes towards food labelling with specific emphasis on dietary fibre. The survey consisted of a longitudinal study undertaken on a sample of 293 participants. For the analysis of the data, basic descriptive statistics was used, complemented with statistical tests (U-Mann Whitney [UMW] for comparisons between two groups and Kruskal–Wallis [KW] test for comparisons between three or more groups). Finally, a tree classification analysis was done to evaluate the relative importance of each of the possible influential variables on knowledge: age group, level of education, gender or living environment. The results revealed that both the level of knowledge about dietary fibre and foods and also the level of knowledge about dietary fibre and health effects were considered high for the general population. The classification analysis revealed that gender was the major discriminant for knowledge about dietary fibre and foods, while the most important discriminant for knowledge about dietary fibre and health effects was age. The importance of this study resided in the highlight of the pivotal factors that influence people’s knowledge about dietary fibre sources and the health benefits of its ingestion.
Monitoring with social media: Experiences from “integrating” WhatsApp in the M&E system under sweet potato value chain
Authors: Chesoli Rose Nakhaye , Mutiso Janet Mwende , Wamalwa Moses 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Dealing with multiple stakeholders in agriculture–nutrition projects often makes communication and the collection of quality, reliable, and low-cost data complex and challenging. Communication bureaucracies among stakeholders often lead to delay, distortion, or loss of information along the communication channel. Social networking platforms can facilitate communication and collection of real-time data useful for project monitoring. This article shares our experience in using the WhatsApp platform for communication and collection of additional monitoring data. A WhatsApp platform for project implementers from the ministries of health (100) and agriculture (52) from Bungoma, Busia, Homa Bay, and Migori counties Kenya was formed in September 2016 for sharing additional monitoring data in the form of photos, videos, and texts. Project monitoring-related costs reduced by 51% and collapsing reporting hierarchies reduced information delays, thereby saving time and communication challenges. A shared understanding among different actors on the project’s indicators, reporting timelines, and data collection guidelines improved the quality of continuous monitoring data. However, staff transfer and replacements called for the continuous induction of new entrants to the forum. WhatsApp is a compelling tool in project monitoring to mitigate communication challenges. It offers an opportunity to share information on one platform among different cadres, facilitating collective action in multisectoral approach projects.
The phase inversion mechanism of the pH-sensitive reversible invert emulsion from w/o to o/w
Authors: Liu Fei , Wang Yanling , Li Xiaqing , Zhang Zhaoxiang , Dai Xiaodong , Wang Xuewu , Xin Yanping , Liu Kun , Gao Liang , Du Dehui , Xing Chunyu , Jiang Hong , Liu Zhihua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlteration in the environmental conditions will cause a reversed reaction between o/w emulsion and w/o emulsion that has similar advantages of different liquids form on the reversible invert emulsion. The reversible phase inversion of the emulsion has a benefit of dealing with drilling cutting, so the reversible invert emulsion also can be thought used as a drilling fluid. The phase inversion from w/o emulsion to o/w emulsion can be divided into three stages. They are w/o emulsion, w/o/w emulsion, and o/w emulsion. In the w/o emulsion stage, the structure appeared among water droplets when the percentage of the HCl solution (5%) was less than 0.375%. In the w/o/w emulsion stage, the structure among water droplets existed at the beginning of this stage; however, the internal phase and the external phase can interchange their positions during the process. In the third stage, the structures among droplets of the emulsion would be broken and the degree of the dispersion of the oil droplet in the emulsion would increase. The changes in the microstructure, conductivity, electrical stability, standing stability, and the viscosity of the emulsion, which have edified among droplets in the process from w/o emulsion to o/w emulsion, were studied. The result of the microstructure microscopic observation agrees with the result of the electrical stability and viscosity experiments. Moreover, the internal phase and the external phase can interchange positions during the process.
Modeling and simulation of dynamic recrystallization behavior for Q890 steel plate based on plane strain compression tests
Authors: Yang Lei , He Yi-Zhu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn view that the traditional dynamic recrystallization (DRX) model cannot effectively predict the DRX process in the hot deformation process of sheet metal, DRX behavior modeling and simulation of q890 steel plate based on the plane strain compression test are designed. The plane strain thermal simulation tests were performed at 1,223–1,373 K and the strain rates of 1–50−1 on Gleeble-3500 thermal–mechanical simulator. The flow stress curves were well smoothed. The stress–strain data were investigated for the analysis of the dynamic recrystallization in the process of thermal deformation. The activation energy of DRX was calculated as Q = 394.53 kJ/mol by the simulation data. The equation of peak strain was developed with the flow stress data by the Zener–Hollomon parameter. The DRX transformation fraction of Q890 steel was studied, and the DRX kinetics equation was developed by the Avrami equation. The experimental data are in good agreement with the calculated values, which proves the reliability of the DRX model and can be widely used in real life.
“Intimate relationship” with “virtual humans” and the “socialification” of familyship
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, the author provides a new view on intimate relationships with “virtual humans” such as robots and AIs. Recent technological developments have enabled firms to create humanlike robots and AIs. It is likely that, in the near future, a growing number of people will want intimate relationships with these virtual humans. This may receive harsh criticism, for example, that such a move would indicate objectification of women or ethical wrongdoing. Instead, however, it should be viewed in light of quality of life (QOL) for sexual minorities and people with various difficulties. Aided by the discussion of the introduction of the Long Term Public Care Insurance (LTCI) system in Japan in the late 1990s, the author positions this trend as the “socialification” of familyship  –  that is, a phenomenon in which the virtual humans, as products or services offered by businesses, become partners/family members, and a change by which some parts of the intimate relationships within families are shared in society. Just as the LTCI system, which was introduced as a socialification of nursing care, reduced the burden of care on Japanese women and improved their QOL, adoption of virtual humans as a socialification of familyship is also likely to improve the QOL of people with difficulties worldwide.
The Earliest Cremation Burials in the South-Eastern Alpine Region from the Middle Bronze Age – Signs of Intercultural Connections with the Northern Carpathian Basin
Authors: Škvor Jernejčič Brina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article considers cremation graves from the site of Podsmreka near Višnja Gora (Slovenia). Based on the analysis of their pottery, it could be shown that the graves can be dated to the Middle Bronze Age period (Br B2/C1) and thus represent one of the oldest cremation burials of the Bronze Age in Slovenia. First, the ceramic finds from the radiocarbon dated settlement contexts are discussed in order to reach a more exact chronological framework for the vessel forms from graves. A synthesis of all Middle Bronze Age graves, both inhumations and cremations, from central and eastern Slovenia allows us to get a better understanding of when the change in burial practices occurred. Surprisingly, the best analogies for the vessels from graves at Podsmreka near Višnja Gora can be found in the northern Carpathian Basin, where we observe a long-standing tradition of cremation burials. The analysis of radiocarbon samples from two graves from Šafárikovo in Slovakia allowed us to verify the absolute chronology of urn amphorae vessels with particular form and decoration, which we can date between the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 15th century BC. Such astonishing correspondences in the pottery between the northern Carpathian Basin and the south-eastern Alpine region seem to indicate that the very area of the Upper Tisza river, and the territory of the Piliny Culture, played a crucial role in the transmission of new burial practices, not only to Slovenia, but also across wider areas along the Sava and Drava rivers on the distribution area of the Virovitica group.
Non-invasive temperature measurement of turbulent flows of aqueous solutions and gases in pipes
Authors: Gebhardt Jörg , Sosale Guruprasad , Dasgupta Subhashish 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Accurate and responsive non-invasive temperature measurements are enablers for process monitoring and plant optimization use cases in the context of Industry 4.0. If their performance is proven for large classes of applications, such measurement principles can replace traditional invasive measurements. In this paper we describe a two-step model to estimate the process temperature from a pipe surface temperature measurement. This static case model is compared to and enhanced by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) calculations to predict transient situations. The predictions of the approach are validated by means of controlled experiments in a laboratory environment. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the model, the responsiveness of the pipe surface temperature, and that state of the art industrial non-invasive sensors can achieve the performance of invasive thermowells. The non-invasive sensors are then used to demonstrate the performance of the model in industrial applications for cooling fluids and steam.
Transverse acoustic phonon excitations in liquid metals
Authors: Hosokawa Shinya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this article, transverse acoustic (TA) phonon excitations in various liquid metals are reviewed. Low-frequency TA phonon excitations were investigated on liquid Ga, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Bi, by using high energy resolution inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS). The current correlation functions obtained from the IXS spectra were analyzed by using two Gaussians to evaluate the excitation energies and widths of the longitudinal acoustic and TA excitation modes, which are consistent with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The lifetimes and propagating lengths of the TA modes were determined, and may respectively correspond to the lifetimes and sizes of cages instantaneously formed in each liquid metal. The microscopic elastic constants were estimated and characteristic differences from macroscopic polycrystalline values were found in Poisson’s ratios. Future experimental and analytical problems to be solved in the near future are addressed.
Developmental Changes in Dendritic Spine Morphology in the Striatum and Their Alteration in an A53T α-Synuclein Transgenic Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Parajuli Laxmi Kumar , Wako Ken , Maruo Suiki , Kakuta Soichiro , Taguchi Tomoyuki , Ikuno Masashi , Yamakado Hodaka , Takahashi Ryosuke , Koike Masato 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aging process is accompanied by various neurophysiological changes, and the severity of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) increases with aging. However, the precise neuroanatomical changes that accompany the aging process in both normal and pathologic conditions remain unknown. This is in part because there is a lack of high-resolution imaging tool that has the capacity to image a desired volume of neurons in a high-throughput and automated manner. In the present study, focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) was used to image striatal neuropil in both wild-type (WT) mice and an A53T bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) human α-synuclein (A53T-BAC-SNCA) transgenic (Tg) mouse model of PD, at 1, 3, 6, and 22 months of age. We demonstrated that spine density gradually decreases, and average spine head volume gradually increases with age in WT mice, suggesting a homeostatic balance between spine head volume and spine density. However, this inverse relationship between spine head volume and spine density was not observed in A53T-BAC-SNCATg mice. Taken together, our data suggest that PD is accompanied by an abnormality in the mechanisms that control synapse growth and maturity.
Early Life Experiences and Trajectories of Cognitive Development
Authors: McCormick Benjamin J. J. , Caulfield Laura E. , Richard Stephanie A. , Pendergast Laura , Seidman Jessica C. , Maphula Angelina , Koshy Beena , Blacy Ladislaus , Roshan Reeba , Nahar Baitun , Shrestha Rita , Rasheed Muneera , Svensen Erling , Rasmussen Zeba , Scharf Rebecca J. , Haque Sayma , Oria Reinaldo , Murray-Kolb Laura E. ,   MAL-ED NETWORK INVESTIGATORS
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:Multiple factors constrain the trajectories of child cognitive development, but the drivers that differentiate the trajectories are unknown. We examine how multiple early life experiences differentiate patterns of cognitive development over the first 5 years of life in low-and middle-income settings.METHODS:Cognitive development of 835 children from the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) multisite observational cohort study was assessed at 6, 15, 24 (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development), and 60 months (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence). Markers of socioeconomic status, infection, illness, dietary intake and status, anthropometry, and maternal factors were also assessed. Trajectories of development were determined by latent class-mixed models, and factors associated with class membership were examined by discriminant analysis.RESULTS:Five trajectory groups of cognitive development are described. The variables that best discriminated between trajectories included presence of stimulating and learning resources in the home, emotional or verbal responsivity of caregiver and the safety of the home environment (especially at 24 and 60 months), proportion of days (0–24 months) for which the child had diarrhea, acute lower respiratory infection, fever or vomiting, maternal reasoning ability, mean nutrient densities of zinc and phytate, and total energy from complementary foods (9–24 months).CONCLUSIONS:A supporting and nurturing environment was the variable most strongly differentiating the most and least preferable trajectories of cognitive development. In addition, a higher quality diet promoted cognitive development while prolonged illness was indicative of less favorable patterns of development.
The Landmarks of National Identity in S. Šalkauskis Philosophical Pedagogics
Authors: Jankevičius Stasys 
Published: August 2020

Modern challengers – the processes of globalization, economic crises, open frontiers, the movement of capital and people, mixing of different cultures and religion, and other factors become a threat to the national identity of small nations such as Lithuania. In case to preserve national identity it is useful to look over the thoughts of the past thinkers about the essence of identity, its maintenance and rendering to the new generations. A distinguished interwar Lithuanian thinker, philosopher and pedagogue S Šalkauskis had outlined the landmarks of the essence of existential identity and its maintenance.
Modern Lithuanian scientists confirm the vitality of S. Šalkauskis ideas, and the results of their research show the necessity to worry about the maintenance of national identity ant to follow S. Šalkauskis’ thoughts. To achieve this purpose it is necessary to join the efforts of family, social environment, educational organizations, government, society and youth organizations.
Expression of Cultural Competency within the Context of English Teacher Training (The Case of Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences)
Authors: Martišauskienė Elvyda , Mazlaveckienė Gerda 
Published: August 2020

Th article deals with the expression of cultural competency of pre-service teachers of English. It emphasizes the effcts of globalization on the training of foreign language teachers as well as highlights the necessity of raising their cultural competency. with this aim, a quantitative research has been conducted. The questionnaire consisted of several sections, which aimed at identifying pre-service teachers’ opinion about the relation between language and culture, the importance of the development of cultural competency, the current level of students’ cultural competency, and possibilities to develop it at university. The study included 119 respondents. They were 1–4-year students of English philology at Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences.The research has determined that almost all pre- service teachers of English observe a close link between language and culture, and distinguish two notions of the concept culture: culture as human relations with themselves, others and the surrounding environment (approx. 2/3 of respondents), and culture as human production (approx.1/3 of respondents). A greater half of students emphasize the ethnic nature of culture. About 90 % of pre-service teachers maintain that they develop their cultural competency during the classes at university, while travelling and communicating to foreign culture representatives. Besides, most students (80 %) assess their current level of cultural competency as very high or high. They state that the feel are able to communicate in different cultural contexts, and are able to initiate and keep a conversation with representatives of other cultures. Most students believe that they receive sufficient cultural education at university. Among the study subjects most significance is attached to the courses of Country Studies, Present-Day English and Literary Text Analysis. However, future teachers would prefer more classes and meetings with native speakers, more cultural events organized at university and more possibilities to participate in student exchange programmes.