bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Immune Priming, Vaccination, and Infection on Influenza A(H3N2) Antibody Landscapes in Children
Authors: Hinojosa Michael , Shepard Samuel S , Chung Jessie R , King Jennifer P , McLean Huong Q , Flannery Brendan , Belongia Edward A , Levine Min Z 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Preexisting antibodies to influenza, shaped by early infection and subsequent exposures, may impact responses to influenza vaccination.

Methods
We enrolled 72 children (aged 7–17 years) in 2015–2016; all received inactivated influenza vaccines. Forty-one were also vaccinated in 2014–2015, with 12 becoming infected with A(H3N2) in 2014–2015. Thirty-one children did not have documented influenza exposures in the prior 5 seasons. Sera were collected pre- and postvaccination in both seasons. We constructed antibody landscapes using hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers against 16 A(H3N2) viruses representative of major antigenic clusters that circulated between 1968 and 2015.

Results
The breadth of the antibody landscapes increased with age. Vaccine-induced antibody responses correlated with boosting of titers to previously encountered antigens. Postvaccination titers were the highest against vaccine antigens rather than the historic A(H3N2) viruses previously encountered. Prevaccination titers to the vaccine were the strongest predictors of postvaccination titers. Responses to vaccine antigens did not differ by likely priming virus. Influenza A(H3N2)-infected children in 2014–2015 had narrower antibody landscapes than those uninfected, but prior season infection status had little effect on antibody landscapes following 2015–2016 vaccination.

Conclusions
A(H3N2) antibody landscapes in children were largely determined by age-related immune priming, rather than recent vaccination or infection.
A low-density SNP genotyping panel for the accurate prediction of cattle breeds
Authors: Reverter Antonio , Hudson Nicholas J , McWilliam Sean , Alexandre Pamela A , Li Yutao , Barlow Robert , Welti Nina , Daetwyler Hans , Porto-Neto Laercio R , Dominik Sonja 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Genomic tools to better define breed composition in agriculturally important species have sparked scientific and commercial industry interest. Knowledge of breed composition can inform multiple scientifically important decisions of industry application including DNA marker-assisted selection, identification of signatures of selection, and inference of product provenance to improve supply chain integrity. Genomic tools are expensive but can be economized by deploying a relatively small number of highly informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) scattered evenly across the genome. Using resources from the 1000 Bull Genomes Project we established calibration (more stringent quality criteria; N = 1,243 cattle) and validation (less stringent; N = 864) data sets representing 17 breeds derived from both taurine and indicine bovine subspecies. Fifteen successively smaller panels (from 500,000 to 50 SNP) were built from those SNP in the calibration data that increasingly satisfied 2 criteria, high differential allele frequencies across the breeds as measured by average Euclidean distance (AED) and high uniformity (even spacing) across the physical genome. Those SNP awarded the highest AED were in or near genes previously identified as important signatures of selection in cattle such as LCORL, NCAPG, KITLG, and PLAG1. For each panel, the genomic breed composition (GBC) of each animal in the validation dataset was estimated using a linear regression model. A systematic exploration of the predictive accuracy of the various sized panels was then undertaken on the validation population using 3 benchmarking approaches: (1) % error (expressed relative to the estimated GBC made from over 1 million SNP), (2) % breed misassignment (expressed relative to each individual’s breed recorded), and (3) Shannon’s entropy of estimated GBC across the 17 target breeds. Our analyses suggest that a panel of just 250 SNP represents an adequate balance between accuracy and cost—only modest gains in accuracy are made as one increases panel density beyond this point.
A unique presentation of perforated duodenal ulcer in a postpartum woman: a case report
Authors: Jain Ashali , Azzolini Anthony , Kipnis Seth 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Gallbladder disease and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) can present very similarly, and misdiagnosis can often result because of conflicting symptoms. PUD in pregnancy is relatively rare, in part due to the changes in estrogen and progesterone levels. We present a case of a postpartum female, post operation Day 5, with signs/symptoms, physical exam and laboratory work consistent with acute cholecystitis that was found to have a perforated duodenal ulcer intraoperatively. The authors suggest that a fistula would have resulted with ongoing disease. Bilio-enteric fistulas can often form due to ongoing cholelithiasis disease. Cholecystoduodenal fistulas (CDFs) are the most common fistulas to present. It is possible that the incidence of CDF formation secondary to perforated duodenal ulcers is underestimated due to signs and symptoms not presenting until gallstone ileus is diagnosed.
On the significance of relativistically hot pairs in the jets of FR II radio galaxies
Authors: Sikora Marek , Nalewajko Krzysztof , Madejski Greg M 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The energetic composition of radio lobes in the FR II galaxies – estimated by comparing their radio luminosities with the powers required to inflate cavities in the external medium – seems to exclude the possibility of their energetic domination by protons. Furthermore, if the jets were dominated by the kinetic energy of cold protons, it would be difficult to efficiently accelerate leptons in the jets’ terminal shocks. Assuming that the relative energy contents of leptons, protons, and magnetic fields are preserved across the shocks, the above implies that the large-scale jets should also be energetically dominated by leptons: Pe,j ≳ Pp,j. On the other hand, previous studies of small-scale jets in blazars and radio cores suggest a pair content (number of electrons and positrons per proton) of the order of ne/np ∼ 20. Assuming further that the particle composition of jets does not evolve beyond the blazar scales, we show that this implies an average random Lorentz factor of leptons in large-scale jets of $\bar{\gamma }_{\rm e,j} \gtrsim 70(1+\chi _{\rm p})(20n_{\rm p}/n_{\rm e})$, and that the protons should be mildly relativistic with χp ≡ (ϵp + pp)/ρpc2 ≲ 2, pp the pressure of protons, ϵp the internal energy density of protons, and ρpc2 the rest-mass energy density of protons. We derive the necessary conditions for loading the inner jets by electron–positron pairs and proton–electron plasma, and provide arguments that heating of leptons in jets is dominated by magnetic reconnection.
Soft gamma-ray selected giant radio galaxies: an update
Authors: Bassani L , Ursini F , Malizia A , Bruni G , Panessa F , Masetti N , Saviane I , Monaco L , Venturi T , Dallacasa D , Bazzano A , Ubertini P 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We present an update on the sample of soft gamma-ray selected giant radio galaxies (GRGs) extracted from INTEGRAL/IBIS and Swift/BAT surveys; it includes eight new sources and one candidate object. In the new sample, all but one source display FR II radio morphologies; the only exception is B21144+35B, which is an FR I. The objects belong to both type 1 and type 2 active galactic nucleus (AGN) optical classes and have redshifts in the range 0.06–0.35, while the radio sizes span from 0.7 to 1 Mpc. In this study, we present for the first time two objects that were never discussed as GRGs before and propose a new candidate GRG. We confirm the correlation between the X-ray luminosity and the radio core luminosity found for other soft gamma-ray selected GRGs and expected for AGNs powered by efficient accretion. We also corroborate previous results that indicate that the luminosity of the radio lobes is relatively low compared with the nuclear X-ray emission. This supports the idea that the nucleus of these GRGs is now more powerful than in the past, consistent with a restarting activity scenario.
INDEL detection, the ‘Achilles heel’ of precise genome editing: a survey of methods for accurate profiling of gene editing induced indels
Authors: Bennett Eric Paul , Petersen Bent Larsen , Johansen Ida Elisabeth , Niu Yiyuan , Yang Zhang , Chamberlain Christopher Aled , Met Özcan , Wandall Hans H , Frödin Morten 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdvances in genome editing technologies have enabled manipulation of genomes at the single base level. These technologies are based on programmable nucleases (PNs) that include meganucleases, zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) nucleases and have given researchers the ability to delete, insert or replace genomic DNA in cells, tissues and whole organisms. The great flexibility in re-designing the genomic target specificity of PNs has vastly expanded the scope of gene editing applications in life science, and shows great promise for development of the next generation gene therapies. PN technologies share the principle of inducing a DNA double-strand break (DSB) at a user-specified site in the genome, followed by cellular repair of the induced DSB. PN-elicited DSBs are mainly repaired by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and the microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) pathways, which can elicit a variety of small insertion or deletion (indel) mutations. If indels are elicited in a protein coding sequence and shift the reading frame, targeted gene knock out (KO) can readily be achieved using either of the available PNs. Despite the ease by which gene inactivation in principle can be achieved, in practice, successful KO is not only determined by the efficiency of NHEJ and MMEJ repair; it also depends on the design and properties of the PN utilized, delivery format chosen, the preferred indel repair outcomes at the targeted site, the chromatin state of the target site and the relative activities of the repair pathways in the edited cells. These variables preclude accurate prediction of the nature and frequency of PN induced indels. A key step of any gene KO experiment therefore becomes the detection, characterization and quantification of the indel(s) induced at the targeted genomic site in cells, tissues or whole organisms. In this survey, we briefly review naturally occurring indels and their detection. Next, we review the methods that have been developed for detection of PN-induced indels. We briefly outline the experimental steps and describe the pros and cons of the various methods to help users decide a suitable method for their editing application. We highlight recent advances that enable accurate and sensitive quantification of indel events in cells regardless of their genome complexity, turning a complex pool of different indel events into informative indel profiles. Finally, we review what has been learned about PN-elicited indel formation through the use of the new methods and how this insight is helping to further advance the genome editing field.
Association of lactate dehydrogenase with mortality in incident hemodialysis patients
Authors: Ryu Soh Young , Kleine Carola-Ellen , Hsiung Jui-Ting , Park Christina , Rhee Connie M , Moradi Hamid , Hanna Ramy , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Streja Elani 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) plays a role in the glucose metabolism of the human body. Higher LDH levels have been linked to mortality in various cancer types; however, the relationship between LDH and survival in incident hemodialysis (HD) patients has not yet been examined. We hypothesized that higher LDH level is associated with higher death risk in these patients.

Methods
We examined the association of baseline and time-varying serum LDH with all-cause, cardiovascular and infection-related mortality among 109 632 adult incident HD patients receiving care from a large dialysis organization in the USA during January 2007 to December 2011. Baseline and time-varying survival models were adjusted for demographic variables and available clinical and laboratory surrogates of malnutrition–inflammation complex syndrome.

Results
There was a linear association between baseline serum LDH levels and all-cause, cardiovascular and infection-related mortality in both baseline and time-varying models, except for time-varying infection-related mortality. Adjustment for markers of inflammation and malnutrition attenuated the association in all models. In fully adjusted models, baseline LDH levels ≥360 U/L were associated with the highest risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratios = 1.19, 95% confidence interval 1.14–1.25). In time-varying models, LDH &gt;280 U/L was associated with higher death risk in all three hierarchical models for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

Conclusions
Higher LDH level &gt;280 U/L was incrementally associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in incident dialysis patients, whereas LDH &lt;240 U/L was associated with better survival. These findings suggest that the assessment of metabolic functions and monitoring for comorbidities may confer survival benefit to dialysis patients.
Heart failure in chronic kidney disease: the emerging role of myocardial fibrosis
Authors: Romero-González Gregorio , González Arantxa , López Begoña , Ravassa Susana , Díez Javier 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Decreased glomerular filtration rate is associated with diffuse deposition of fibrotic tissue in the myocardial interstitium [i.e. myocardial interstitial fibrosis (MIF)] and loss of cardiac function. MIF results from cardiac fibroblast-mediated alterations in the turnover of fibrillary collagen that lead to the excessive synthesis and deposition of collagen fibres. The accumulation of stiff fibrotic tissue alters the mechanical properties of the myocardium, thus contributing to the development of HF. Accumulating evidence suggests that several mechanisms are operative along the different stages of CKD that may converge to alter fibroblasts and collagen turnover in the heart. Therefore, focusing on MIF might enable the identification of fibrosis-related biomarkers and targets that could potentially lead to a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of HF in patients with CKD. This article summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms and detrimental consequences of MIF in CKD and discusses the validity and usefulness of available biomarkers to recognize the clinical–pathological variability of MIF and track its clinical evolution in CKD patients. Finally, the currently available and potential future therapeutic strategies aimed at personalizing prevention and reversal of MIF in CKD patients, especially those with HF, will be also discussed.
Can the assessment of ultrasound lung water in haemodialysis patients be simplified?
Authors: Torino Claudia , Tripepi Rocco , Loutradis Charalampos , Sarafidis Pantelis , Tripepi Giovanni , Mallamaci Francesca , Zoccali Carmine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Lung ultrasound (US) reliably estimates lung water and it is increasingly applied in clinical practice in dialysis patients. A semi-quantitative US score summing up the US-B lines (an equivalent of B lines in the standard chest X-ray) at 28 sites in the intercostal spaces (Jambrik et al. Usefulness of ultrasound lung comets as a non-radiologic sign of extravascular lung water. Am J Cardiol 2004; 93: 1265–1270) is the most used score.

Methods
We compared the prognostic performance for death, and cardiovascular (CV) events of the 28-sites US score with a score restricted to eight sites in a cohort of 303 haemodialysis (HD) patients.

Results
The 8- and the 28-sites scores were highly inter-related (Spearman’s ρ = 0.93, P &lt; 0.001), and their concordance index was fairly good (k = 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.74–0.84). During a mean follow-up of 3 years, 112 patients died, and 129 experienced a CV event. At univariate and multivariate analysis, both scores were associated with mortality (P ≤ 0.01) and CV events (P ≤ 0.05). The explained variances (R2) for death and CV events of the 28-sites score in multivariate models including major risk factors for these outcomes in the end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) population were 3.9 and 2.2%, and those of the 8-sites score were 3.1 and 2.4%, respectively. The median time needed to perform the examination was 3.05 min [interquartile range (IQR) 2.22–5.00 min] for the 28-sites score and 1.35 min (IQR 1.16–2.00 min) for the 8-sites score.

Conclusion
The 8-sites score is tightly related to the classical Jambrik 28-sites score and this score holds an almost identical predictive power to the reference score. Even though the 28-sites score can be completed just in ∼3 min, the 8-sites score requires only ∼1.30 min, and it is, therefore, better suited for application in everyday clinical practice in HD units.
Combination MEK and mTOR inhibitor therapy is active in models of glioblastoma
Authors: Schreck Karisa C , Allen Amy N , Wang Jiawan , Pratilas Christine A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
RAS effector signaling pathways such as PI3K/mTOR and ERK are frequently dysregulated in glioblastoma. While small molecule targeted therapies against these pathways have appeared promising in preclinical studies, they have been disappointing in clinical trials due to toxicity and de novo and adaptive resistance. To identify predictors of glioblastoma sensitivity to dual pathway inhibition with mTORC1/2 and MEK inhibitors, we tested these agents, alone and in combination, in a cohort of genomically characterized glioblastoma cell lines.

Methods
Seven genomically characterized, patient-derived glioblastoma neurosphere cell lines were evaluated for their sensitivity to the dual mTORC1/2 kinase inhibitor sapanisertib (MLN0128, TAK-228) alone or in combination with the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib (GSK1120212), using assessment of proliferation and evaluation of the downstream signaling consequences of these inhibitors.

Results
Sapanisertib inhibited cell growth in neurosphere lines, but induced apoptosis only in a subset of lines, and did not completely inhibit downstream mTOR signaling via ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6). Growth sensitivity to MEK inhibitor monotherapy was observed in a subset of lines defined by loss of NF1, was predicted by an ERK-dependent expression signature, and was associated with effective phospho-RPS6 inhibition. In these lines, combined MEK/mTOR treatment further inhibited growth and induced apoptosis. Combined MEK and mTOR inhibition also led to modest antiproliferative effects in lines with intact NF1 and insensitivity to MEK inhibitor monotherapy.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate that combined MEK/mTOR inhibition is synergistic in glioblastoma cell lines and may be more potent in NF1-deficient glioblastoma.
A House but Not a Home: How Surveillance in Subsidized Housing Exacerbates Poverty and Reinforces Marginalization
Authors: Hughes Cayce C 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA robust literature has shown that surveillance disproportionately targets poor people of color through the criminal justice and welfare systems. However, little empirical research traces the mechanisms through which surveillance reproduces inequality in other domains, such as subsidized housing, where private actors including property owners and landlords do the work of surveilling tenants. In this article, I apply the theoretical lens of surveillance to the case of subsidized housing to explore the symbolic and material consequences of being monitored at home. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 67 low-income Black mothers in the Sunnyside neighborhood in Houston, Texas, I argue that the scrutiny mothers face in and around their homes reproduces inequality through two key mechanisms. First, surveillance creates a home environment devoid of privacy, that mothers liken to being in prison. Mothers interpret this scrutiny as an effort to control and contain them because of their race, reinforcing racialized notions of presumptive Black criminality. Second, surveillance heightens the material risk for mothers of being caught breaking rules, which paves the way for eventual eviction and exacerbates poverty. Although mothers develop strategies to counter and at times resist disciplinary monitoring, these efforts come with drawbacks that can make surviving poverty harder. Taken together, these findings suggest that being surveilled at home not only diminishes low-income Black mothers’ status in society, but also pushes them into deeper economic precarity. This research extends our understanding of the reach of surveillance into the lives of the poor even in spaces considered to be private.
Beneficial effects of polyherbal formulation (Bronco-T) on formaldehyde-induced lung toxicity in male Wistar rats
Authors: Sholapuri Payani , Chintha Venkataramaiah , Matcha Bhaskar , Pradeepkiran JangampalliAdi 
Published: October 2020

AbstarctPolyherbal compound (Bronco-T) has been extensively used as a traditional medicine for various therapies. However, very few report studies on anti-inflammatory and lung regeneration properties are evidenced. In the present study, we evaluated the beneficial actions and anti-inflammatory properties of polyherbal medicine, Bronco-T, exhibited by treating the lungs of rats exposed to formaldehyde to evaluate the beneficial properties. For this study, we divided into five groups’: i.e. Group-I served as a control and the other four groups such as II, III, IV, and V are experimental. All animals maintained by regular feed and water ad libitum during the study. Formaldehyde vapors exposure at a single period of time (1 hour) daily (40%formaldehyde at room temperature) for 21 days period exposed all groups. The Bronco-T extracts about 50 mg/kg BW administered to experimental groups and group IV rats treated with 500μ grams/Kg BW salbutamol. To understand the impact of formaldehyde exposure on the beneficial effects of Bronco-T, we evaluated hematological parameters, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), histamine levels, and histological alterations of lung architecture. Formaldehyde-induced adverse effects in lung and increased histamine levels in BAL compared to Bronco-T-treated rats act as a preventive immunological role in blood toxicity and recovery of lung architecture in Bronco-T-treated rats. This study showed the evaluation of antihistamine levels through HPLC analysis. Bronco-T has antioxidant and anti-histamine properties as the widest therapeutic window, and we continue to evaluate the pharmacological evaluations needed in our further studies.