bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cartilage Regeneration with a Cell-free Collagen Type 1 Matrix (Part 2 – Experimental Aspects)
Authors: Roessler Philip Peter , Mueller-Rath Ralf , Wirtz Dieter Christian , Schildberg Frank Alexander 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCartilage regeneration with cell-free matrices has developed from matrix-associated autologous cartilage cell transplantation (MACT) over ten years ago. Adjustments to the legal framework and higher hurdles for cell therapy have led to the procedures being established as an independent alternative to MACT. These procedures, which can be classified as matrix-induced autologous cartilage regeneration (MACR), all rely on the chemotactic stimulus of a cross-linked matrix, which mostly consists of collagens. Given the example of a commercially available type I collagen hydrogel, the physicochemical properties of such a matrix are explained and the available experimental data highlighted in more detail. The interaction between different cell types and the chemotactic properties of the collagen has been investigated extensively and, from a clinical point of view, today offers various reference points for a smart modification of the described method to further improve clinical
outcomes. Since the origin of the cells in the ultimately formed repair tissue is still unrevealed, further investigations to clarify the exact mechanism are crucially needed.
Modular Approaches to Cyclopentanoids and their Heteroanalogs
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Tangella Yellaiah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCyclopentanoids and their derivatives are interesting targets in synthetic organic chemistry due to their extensive applications in various branches of chemical sciences like pharmaceuticals, natural and non-natural products. In view of these applications, several synthetic strategies have been developed in the past three to four decades. In this article, we describe our work towards the synthesis of cyclopentanoids and their heteroanalogs involving diverse synthetic strategies during the past two decades. Among these, photo-thermal olefin metathesis, ring-closing metathesis, ring-rearrangement metathesis, cyclopentane annulation, [2+2+2] cycloaddition and Diels–Alder reactions have been used to assemble cyclopentane rings of diverse architecture. 1	Introduction 2	Synthesis of Spiro[4.4]nonane (A1) Derivatives 3	Synthesis of Octahydropentalene (A2) Derivatives 4	Synthesis of Linear Triquinanes (A3) 5	Synthesis Spiro Triquinanes (A4) 6	Synthesis of Angular Triquinane (A5) Systems 7	Synthesis of Hexahydro-2′H-spiro[cyclopentane-1,1′-pentalene] (A6) Ring System 8	Synthesis of Dispiro[4.1.47.25]tridecane (A7) Ring System 9	Synthesis of Hexahydro-1H-3a,7a-propanoindene Ring System10	Synthesis of Linear Tetraquinanes (A11 and A12)11	Synthesis of Tetrahydro-1′H,3′H-dispiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-pentalene-5′,1′′-cyclopentane] (A13) Ring System12	Synthesis of Decahydro-1H,8H-dicyclopenta[a,h]pentalene (A14) Ring System13	Synthesis of Dodecahydro-1H-dicyclopenta[a,d]pentalene (A15) Ring System14	Synthesis of Octahydro-1′H-spiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-cyclopenta[c]pentalene] (A16) Ring System15	Synthesis of Decahydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,7′-cyclopenta-[a]pentalene] (A17) Ring System16	Synthesis of Compact Tetraquinane (A18)17	Synthesis of Higher Polyquinanes18	Conclusions19	Acronyms
Synthesis of Hydrazinylpyridines via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution and Further Transformation to Bicyclo[2.2.2]octenes Fused with Two N-Aminosuccinimide Moieties
Authors: Kranjc Krištof , Ekar Jernej 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEfficient and reliable synthesis of substituted hydrazinylpyridines in thick-wall ACE tubes via nucleophilic substitution of a chlorine substituent in different chloropyridines is presented. Hydrazine hydrate and alkylhydrazines were used as nucleophiles and simple alcohols and diethyl ether were the only organic solvents necessary, making the process environmentally and user friendly, potentially reaching 100% atomic efficiency. In the next step, transformations of succinic anhydride moieties fused to the bicyclo[2.2.2]octene framework into succinimide moieties via nucleophilic substitution of oxygens were conducted. As nucleophiles two of the synthesized hydrazinylpyridines (2-hydrazinyl-3-nitropyridine and 2-hydrazinyl-5-nitropyridine) and also hydrazine hydrate, phenylhydrazine, and 4-nitrophenylhydrazine were used. Reactions were again carried out in ACE tubes and only simple alcohols, diethyl ether, and acetone were needed as solvents. One of the prepared bicyclo[2.2.2]octene adducts displayed water solubility thus being a promising candidate for future studies as a novel bidentate ligand for various metal cations in aqueous solutions or acting as an unprecedented halogen bond acceptor.
Straightforward Synthesis of 3-Selenocyanato-Substituted Chromones through Electrophilic Selenocyanation of Enaminones under Grinding Conditions
Authors: Xiao Jun-An , Ren Ji-Wei , Huang Yan-Min , Cheng Xiu-Liang , Meng Ru-Fang , Qin Xiao-Shi , Peng Hai , Xie Zhen-Zhen , Cui Jian-Guo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA metal- and oxidant-free method for preparing 3-selenocyanato-substituted chromones from 2-hydroxyphenyl enaminones by using a newly developed electrophilic selenocyanating reagent is reported­. A series of 3-selenocyanato- or 3-thiocyanato-substituted chromones, as well as 3-selenocyanato- or 3-thiocyanato-substituted quinolinones was obtained in good to excellent yields under grinding reaction conditions. The generality and utility of this approach were demonstrated by a scale-up reaction and transformations of one of the products.
Potassium tert-Butoxide Promoted Synthesis of 4,5-Diaryl-2H-1,2,3-triazoles from Tosylhydrazones and Nitriles
Authors: Wu Luyong , Qiu Shanguang , Chen Yuxue , Song Xinming , Liu Li , Liu Xi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntermolecular cycloaddition of tosylhydrazones with nitriles was investigated. t-BuOK was shown to be an excellent base for increasing the effectiveness of the reaction in this protocol, and homocoupling of the tosylhydrazones was significantly inhibited by using xylene as a solvent. Through this transformation, a variety of 4,5-diaryl-2H-1,2,3-triazoles were prepared in good to excellent yields and with high purities. The process is azide-free and transition-metal-free.
Designing the Secondary Coordination Sphere in Small-Molecule Catalysis
Authors: Zak Inbal L. , Gadekar Santosh C. , Milo Anat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe application of secondary-sphere interactions in catalysis was inspired by the hierarchical arrangement of the microenvironment of metalloprotein active sites and has been adopted mainly in organometallic catalysis. The study of such interactions has enabled the deliberate orientation of reaction components, leading to control over reactivity and selectivity by design. Although not as common, such interaction can play a decisive role in organocatalysis. Herein, we present several examples of small-molecule organometallic- and organocatalysis, highlighting the advantages offered by carefully designing the secondary sphere.1	Introduction2	Secondary-Sphere Design in Organometallic Catalysis3	Secondary-Sphere Modification in Organocatalysis4	Using Statistical Analysis to Systematically Tune and Probe Secondary-Sphere Interactions5	Conclusion
Successful Treatment of Driveline Infection with Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy and Instillation Therapy
Authors: Kilo Juliane , Dumfarth Julia , Höfer Daniel , Grimm Michael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Driveline infection is a serious complication in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients. We report the case of a patient who was successfully treated by combining instillation and vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy.
Case Description A 65-year-old LVAD patient presented with recurrent driveline infection. Local therapy with VAC therapy in combination with instillation of polyhexanide was performed for 2 weeks. The patient remains free from infection for twelve months by now.
Conclusion This case is the first to present the combination of polyhexanide instillation with VAC as treatment for driveline infection. This therapy may thus be an option for patients who lack any other surgical option.
A Morphometric Study of Stylomastoid Foramen with Its Clinical Applications
Authors: Tewari Siddharth , Gupta Chandni , Palimar Vikram 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective To prevent damage to the facial nerve while doing surgery and to give facial nerve block by anesthetics near the stylomastoid foramen we should know its distance from the important anatomical landmarks. So, this study aims to study the location of stylomastoid with respect to nearby anatomical landmarks.
Materials and Methods The study was performed on 58 dry skulls. Measurements of stylomastoid foramen were taken from various anatomical landmarks on both sides of the skull. Data analysis was done by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 19 version.
Results The mean distance of the center of the stylomastoid foramen (CSMF) to the tip of the mastoid process was 1.60, 1.57 cm on the right and left side, respectively. The mean distance of CSMF to the upper end of the anterior border of the mastoid process was 1.42, 1.39 cm on the right and left side, respectively. The mean angle between CSMF and tip of the mastoid process was 51.6 degrees, 53.5 degrees on right and left side, respectively. The mean distance of CSMF to the center of jugular foramen was 1.27, 1.26 cm on the right and left side, respectively. The position of the stylomastoid foramen in relation to a transverse line passing through the upper end of the anterior border of both mastoid processes was anterior in 82.7%, 94.8% of cases on the right and left side, respectively.
Conclusion These measurements will aid neurosurgeons in doing surgeries near the stylomastoid foramen or anesthetics to give facial nerve block near the foramen.
Effects of Preoperative Embolization on Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Surgical Outcomes: A Study of the Kids' Inpatient Database
Authors: Choi Jonathan S. , Yu Justin , Lovin Benjamin D. , Chapel Alyssa C. , Patel Akash J. , Gallagher K. Kelly 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of preoperative vascular embolization (PVE) on juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) surgical outcomes using a national pediatric hospitalization database.
Methods The health care cost and utilization project Kids' Inpatient Database was queried for all cases of operative management of JNA between the years of 1997 and 2016. Cases were stratified based on whether the patient received PVE. A multiple linear regression was used to predict the effect of PVE on hospital length of stay (LOS) and total cost while controlling for patient demographic factors and comorbidities. The odds ratio (OR) of receiving a perioperative blood transfusion was computed using a binary logistic regression for PVE patients.
Results A total of 473 patients who underwent JNA surgical resection in this time period were identified. The use of PVE has increased from 0% in 1997 to 66% of all cases by 2016. PVE was found to decrease LOS by 1 day (p = 0.036) and decrease the odds of needing a perioperative blood transfusion (OR = 0.511, p = 0.041). Patients receiving PVE were charged an additional $35,600 (p < 0.001), but recent data in 2016 indicate that hospital costs for PVE are decreasing.
Conclusion PVE of JNA is becoming increasingly prevalent. Embolization results in decreased hospital LOS and lower odds of needing blood transfusions. While embolization increases the cost of management, this trend should be re-evaluated as this procedure is becoming more widespread.
Advancement of PI3 Kinase Inhibitor Combination Therapies for PI3K-Aberrant Chordoma
Authors: Heft Neal Molly E. , Michmerhuizen Nicole L. , Prince Mark E.P. , Kovatch Kevin J. , Owen John Henry J. , Zhai Jingyi , Jiang Hui , McKean Erin L. , Brenner J. Chad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectives Targeted inhibitors of the PI3 kinase (PI3K) pathway have shown promising but incomplete antitumor activity in preclinical chordoma models. The aim of this study is to advance methodology for a high-throughput drug screen using chordoma models to identify new combination therapies for chordoma.Study Design Present work is an in vitro study.Setting The study conducted at an academic research laboratory.Materials and Methods An in vitro study on automated high-throughput screening of chordoma cells was performed using a library of 1,406 drugs as both mono- and combination therapies with PI3K inhibitors. Combination indices were determined for dual therapies and synergistic outliers were identified as potential therapeutic agents. T (brachyury) siRNA knockdown in combination with PI3K pathway inhibition was also assessed.Results Fifty-nine combination therapies were identified as having potential therapeutic efficacy. Effective combinations included PI3K inhibitors with GSK1838705A (ALK/IGF-1R inhibitor), LY2874455 (VEGFR/FGFR inhibitor), El1 (selective Ezh2 inhibitor), and (-)-p-bromotetramisole oxalate (alkaline phosphatase inhibitor). The top ranking targets identified included ALK, PDGFR, VEGFR, aurora kinase, and BCL-2. T (brachyury) inhibition produced significant reduction in cell viability and growth; however PI3K inhibition in combination with T (brachyury) knockdown did not result in further reduction in growth and viability in vitro.Conclusion High throughput with in vitro combination screening is feasible with chordoma cells and allows for rapid identification of synergistic dual-therapies. Potential combination therapies and targetable pathways were identified. T (brachyury) knockdown produced significant reduction in cell viability, but did not show additional benefit with PI3K pathway inhibition in this model. Further in vitro and in vivo validation of these therapeutic combinations is warranted.
The Interaction of Private and Public Governance: The Case of Sustainability Standards for Palm Oil
Authors: Brandi Clara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBy providing insights into the interaction between private-driven and public-driven governance initiatives in the context of the “Roundtable of Sustainable Palm Oil” (RSPO) and the “Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil” (ISPO), this article sheds new light the interaction between private and public governance. It investigates how the relationship between the RSPO and the ISPO evolves over time and who and what drives this evolution. While the interaction between these standard schemes has initially largely been characterized by competition, it has become more collaborative and also coordinated in nature. This article argues that the experimentalist architecture of palm oil governance has fostered mechanisms for coordination across public and private certification schemes and has helped to join up the separate components of the regime complex through productive interactions. At the same time, several gaps and challenges remain, especially in light of the different interests of the multiple public and private actors involved in palm oil.
Input processing in second language acquisition
Authors: Leeser Michael J. , Keating Gregory D. , Wong Wynne 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, we highlight Bill VanPatten’s numerous contributions to the fields of second language acquisition (SLA) and instructed second language acquisition (ISLA), and to the language teaching profession. We begin with an overview of his major professional achievements, followed by an exploration of his early work and the origins of his model of input processing. We underscore the significant contribution that his model of input processing makes to theory building in SLA and subsequently discuss his pioneering instructional innovation, processing instruction, along with the prolific body of research it has inspired. After briefly noting the importance of his work on acquisition and processing more broadly, we conclude with an overview of the individual chapters included in the volume.
The processing of subject shifts in L2 Spanish
Authors: Johnston Suzanne 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A vital part of understanding language is linking referring expressions to the appropriate antecedents. In null subject languages like Spanish, person-number inflections on verbs are essential to ensuring the appropriate connections are made. However, second language (L2) learners have limited processing capabilities (VanPatten, 1996, 2015), and may rely on strategies that steer them away from inflections. The current study examines whether first language English/L2 Spanish learners process verb inflections that signal subject shifts or if they prefer to process lexical items (i.e., overt subjects) as predicted by VanPatten’s lexical preference principle. The results of this study indicate that non-natives do not rely on inflections to link antecedents and referring expressions, and that L2 processing is facilitated by overt subject pronouns.
When more is better
Authors: Sagarra Nuria 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter investigates the role of first language (L1) transfer, second language (L2) proficiency, and working memory (WM) on processing subject-verb number agreement in Spanish. Intermediate and advanced English and Romanian learners of Spanish and Spanish monolinguals completed a WM test and a reading eye-tracking task with sentences with adjacent subject-verb number agreement/disagreement. Results revealed that all groups were sensitive to violations but processed them differently, depending on their L1 (the less morphologically rich, the more reliance on subjects), proficiency (the more advanced, the more reliance on verbs), and WM (the higher the span, the more sensitivity to violations). These findings indicate that higher L1/L2 similarity, L2 proficiency, and WM facilitate L2 verbal morphosyntactic processing.
Increases in motor unit action potential amplitudes are related to muscle hypertrophy following eight weeks of high‐intensity exercise training in females
Authors: Jenkins Nathaniel D. M. , Rogers Emily. M. , Banks Nile F. , Muddle Tyler W. D. , Colquhoun Ryan J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe examined the motor unit action potential amplitude versus recruitment threshold relationship (MUAPAMP‐RT) as an indicator of MU‐specific hypertrophy following high‐intensity exercise training in females. Participants were assigned to either a high‐intensity exercise (EX, n = 9) or control (CON, n = 18) condition and completed pre‐ (PRE) and post‐testing (POST) during which maximal voluntary isometric leg extension strength (MVIT), vastus lateralis (VL) muscle cross sectional area (mCSA), whole leg skeletal muscle mass (SMMRL), and high‐density surface EMG (HD‐sEMG) signals were recorded from the VL during an isometric ramp contraction at 70% MVIT. The HD‐sEMG signals were decomposed and yielded a MUAPAMP and an absolute (ABS; Nm) and normalized (NORM; %MVIC) RT for each MU. Individual MUAPAMP‐RT slopes and intercepts were calculated for each subject. Changes in the pooled MUAPAMP‐RT relationships for each group were also examined. Finally, relationships among individual changes in slopes of MUAPAMP‐RT and individual changes in mCSA and SMMRL were examined. Training elicited increases in MVIT (+18%), mCSA (+12%), and mean and pooled slopes of MUAPAMP‐RTNORM. The individual changes in slopes of both the MUAPAMP‐RT relationships were moderately to strongly (r = 0.48–0.68) related to changes in mCSA and SMMRL. Eight‐weeks of high‐intensity exercise elicited increases in MUAPAMP‐RT slope in females. Further, the observed change in slope was related to both VL mCSA and SMM of the tested leg. However, changes in slope for the MUAPAMP‐RT relationship were more subdued when MUAPAMP was expressed relative to the absolute versus relative RT.
Effect of carrier drift-diffusion transport process on thermal quenching of photoluminescence in GaN
Authors: Matys M , Adamowicz B , Kachi T , Hashizume T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Thermal quenching of the defect-related photoluminescence (PL) has been widely used to determine the fundamental properties of point defects in GaN such as the activation energy (E

t
) and capture cross section. However, in the present work, we have shown using drift-diffusion modeling and experimental analysis that the thermal quenching of defect-related PL from GaN does not only depend of the defect parameters but also is strongly governed by the carrier drift and diffusion in the depletion region. In particular, we have found that these processes significantly influence the slope of PL thermal quenching and temperature T
0 at which the quenching begins. As a result, E

t
obtained from the Arrhenius plot of the defect-related PL intensity in GaN provides the correct values of the defect activation energy only in the case of low surface state density (

D

0

<

10

11

cm−2eV−1) corresponding to the weak surface band bending. However, in the case of high D
0 giving rise to the significant surface band bending, the E

t
value should be cautiously interpreted because it may not correspond entirely to the real defect activation energy due to the drift-diffusion process. Finally, we have shown that our finding can explain in a coherent manner various anomalous behaviors of PL thermal quenching reported in the literature, such as tunable, abrupt or sample dependent thermal quenching. We believe that our findings can be very interesting for nitride growth technology community and optoelectronic device applications.
Aspects on numerical integration of dislocation surface traction fields for discrete dislocation dynamics FEM coupling: the case of emerging dislocations
Authors: El-Achkar T , Weygand D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In discrete dislocation dynamics frameworks for finite samples, the evaluation of surface tractions caused by dislocations requires special attention to capture the contributions of dislocations piercing through the surface. Here we focus on this aspect only, and the convergence of an empirically improved Gauss integration and the Duffy and Duffy distance integration schemes commonly used for 1/r singularities, is investigated for a finite element surface area. It is found, that traction from a dislocation, using singular segment stress fields, can be integrated with an error smaller than 1% with the distance Duffy integration using a total of 48 integration points only. This scheme was tested for a wide range of dislocation Burgers vectors and glide plane orientations with respect to the surface. Furthermore the FEM nodal forces behave smoothly during the motion of exit point of the dislocation (the singular point) to a neighbouring surface element in the mesh.