bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Textural Characteristics of Biopsy-proven Metastatic Axillary Nodes on Preoperative Breast MRI in Breast Cancer Patients: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Wahab Rifat A , Lewis Kyle , Vijapura Charmi , Zhang Bin , Lee Su-Ju , Brown Ann , Mahoney Mary C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
To determine the diagnostic accuracy of MRI textural analysis (TA) to differentiate malignant from benign axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer.

Methods
This was an institutional review board–approved retrospective study of axillary lymph nodes in women with breast cancer that underwent ultrasound-guided biopsy and contrast-enhanced (CE) breast MRI from January 2015 to December 2018. TA of axillary lymph nodes was performed on 3D dynamic CE T1-weighted fat-suppressed, 3D delayed CE T1-weighted fat-suppressed, and T2-weighted fat-suppressed MRI sequences. Quantitative parameters used to measure TA were compared with pathologic diagnoses. Areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to distinguish between malignant and benign lymph nodes.

Results
Twenty-three biopsy-proven malignant lymph nodes and 24 benign lymph nodes were analyzed. The delayed CE T1-weighted fat-suppressed sequence had the greatest ability to differentiate malignant from benign outcome at all spatial scaling factors, with the highest AUC (0.84–0.93), sensitivity (0.78 [18/23] to 0.87 [20/23]), and specificity (0.76 [18/24] to 0.88 [21/24]). Kurtosis on the 3D delayed CE T1-weighted fat-suppressed sequence was the most prominent TA parameter differentiating malignant from benign lymph nodes (P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
This study suggests that MRI TA could be helpful in distinguishing malignant from benign axillary lymph nodes. Kurtosis has the greatest potential on 3D delayed CE T1-weighted fat-suppressed sequences to distinguish malignant and benign lymph nodes.
Regulatory flexibility for COVID-19 research
Authors: Fernandez Lynch Holly , Dickert Neal W , Zettler Patricia J , Joffe Steven , Largent Emily A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Clinical research is critical to combatting COVID-19, but regulatory requirements for human subjects protection may sometimes pose a challenge in pandemic circumstances. Although regulators have offered some helpful guidance for research during the pandemic, we identify further compliance challenges regarding institutional review board (IRB) review and approval, informed consent, emergency research, and research involving incarcerated people. Our proposals for regulatory flexibility in these areas seek to satisfy the goals of protecting participants and promoting the development of high-quality evidence to improve patient care. These recommendations may have relevance beyond the COVID-19 pandemic to enhance the efficiency of research oversight and participant protection more broadly.
Concentric mastopexy for pubertal gynaecomastia in an African child
Authors: Michael Afieharo I , Olawoye Olayinka A , Oluwatosin Odunayo M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Gynaecomastia refers to the enlargement of the male breast. It can be psychologically disturbing for children and adolescents as well as adults. While in children watchful waiting is advised as the gynaecomastia could resolve, surgical intervention becomes necessary where there is significant psychosocial disturbance. We present a case of an African child whose quality of life improved after correcting the gynaecomastia. We highlight the concentric mastopexy method in the surgical management of gynaecomastia.
Differences in body composition between urban and rural Mallards, Anas platyrhynchos
Authors: Jarman Tyler E , Gartrell Brett D , Battley Phil F 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic feeding of wildlife provides a valuable opportunity for people to engage with animals, but such feeding has the potential to be detrimental to the species involved. Ducks are frequently fed at urban ponds globally, yet the health impacts of an urban lifestyle for birds are poorly documented. We studied urban and rural Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) in the Manawatū-Whanganui region (New Zealand). Mallards are opportunistic omnivores that have a phenotypically flexible gastrointestinal system. As urban Mallards consume considerable amounts of low-fibre, high carbohydrate foods via anthropogenic feeding, we predicted that urban Mallards would have smaller gastrointestinal tract organs and higher fat levels than rural ducks. We compared gross body composition of Mallards in a modified environment with high levels of feeding by humans and in rural habitats. We also evaluated other health-associated aspects including fat deposit size, liver fat content and haemosiderin (liver iron deposit) levels. Contrary to predictions, urban birds had larger gizzards and caeca and were no fatter than rural birds; rural birds additionally had larger pectoralis major muscles. These differences are probably associated with broader ecological and behavioural factors than with the provision of anthropogenic food per se [in particular the presence of hard foods (acorns and nuts) for urban birds, and higher flight activity of rural birds]. Longer caeca in urban birds could, however, relate to immunity rather than microbial fermentation of cellulose. Overall, while the nature of the local environment does affect Mallard physiology, no detrimental effects of urban living were evident in this study.
The Best Interests of the Child Principle in Residence Disputes after Parental Divorce in China
Authors: Xia Jianghao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article analyses how the best interests of the child principle have been implemented in residence disputes following a parental divorce in China. In doing so, it will analyse the Chinese Marriage Law 2001 and the Specific Opinions on Child-upbringing Issues after Parental Divorce, drawing on an empirical study conducted by the author involving 300 litigated cases over residence disputes in courts. This study shows that the continuity of circumstances and the abilities of each of the parents are used as the primary and secondary criteria for residence judgments, respectively. And it appears that Chinese judges prefer certain easily ascertainable factors, eg parents’ financial ability and the continuity of circumstances, to other internally emotional factors, eg children’s emotional needs and attachments. In addition, a considerable number (69 per cent) of the judges tend to simplify the decision-making process by only considering a single factor alone, or even no specific factor. In view of this, several legislative proposals for the statutory provision of residence disputes in the forthcoming Chinese Civil Code are put forward.
HFQPOs and discoseismic mode excitation in eccentric, relativistic discs. I. Hydrodynamic simulations
Authors: Dewberry Janosz W , Latter Henrik N , Ogilvie Gordon I , Fromang Sebastien 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
High-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HFQPOs) observed in the emission of black hole X-ray binary systems promise insight into strongly curved spacetime. ‘Discoseismic’ oscillations with frequencies set by the intrinsic properties of the central black hole, in particular ‘trapped inertial waves’ (r modes), offer an attractive explanation for HFQPOs. To produce an observable signature, however, such oscillations must be excited to sufficiently large amplitudes. Turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability fails to provide the necessary amplification, but r modes may still be excited via interaction with accretion disc warps or eccentricities. We present 3D global hydrodynamic simulations of relativistic accretion discs, which demonstrate for the first time the excitation of trapped inertial waves by an imposed eccentricity in the flow. While the r modes’ saturated state depends on the vertical boundary conditions used in our unstratified, cylindrical framework, their excitation is unambiguous in all runs with eccentricity ≳ 0.005 near the innermost stable circular orbit. These simulations provide a proof of concept, demonstrating the robustness of trapped inertial wave excitation in a non-magnetized context. In a companion paper, we explore the competition between this excitation, and damping by magnetohydrodynamic turbulence.
HFQPOs and discoseismic mode excitation in eccentric, relativistic discs. II. Magnetohydrodynamic simulations
Authors: Dewberry Janosz W , Latter Henrik N , Ogilvie Gordon I , Fromang Sebastien 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Trapped inertial oscillations (r modes) provide a promising explanation for high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HFQPOs) observed in the emission from black hole X-ray binary systems. An eccentricity (or warp) can excite r modes to large amplitudes, but concurrently, the oscillations are likely damped by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI). We force eccentricity in global, unstratified, zero-net-flux MHD simulations of relativistic accretion discs and find that a sufficiently strong disc distortion generates trapped inertial waves despite this damping. In our simulations, eccentricities above ∼0.03 in the inner disc excite trapped waves. In addition to the competition between r-mode damping and driving, we observe that larger amplitude eccentric structures modify and in some cases suppress MRI turbulence. Given the variety of distortions (warps as well as eccentricities) capable of amplifying r modes, the robustness of trapped inertial wave excitation in the face of MRI turbulence in our simulations provides support for a discoseismic explanation for HFQPOs.
Collision possibility analysis and collision avoidance for multi-object fibre-fed spectrographs with theta–phi positioners
Authors: Zhang Feifan , Wang Jianping , Liu Zhigang , Zhai Chao , Chu Jiaru 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Multi-object spectroscopy has become a valuable technique in numerous modern astronomical facilities. Most spectrographs have thousands of fibre positioners packed at a focal plane with shared working space. Therefore, positioners might collide with each other, which can lead to them being damaged. In this study, we first analysed the types of collisions between hexagonal patterned theta–phi positioners and the possibility of these collisions. Based on this, we proposed a motion planning method by deploying a proposed ‘safety zone’ within the positioner patrol area. Simulated experiments validated that our method could completely solve collisions between positioners with equal arms, such as the Large-sky-Area Multi-Object fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), or between positioners with unequal arms, such as the Multi-Object Optical and Near-infrared Spectrograph (MOONS).
Testing the accuracy of 3D-HST photometric redshift estimates as reference samples for deep weak lensing studies
Authors: Raihan S F , Schrabback T , Hildebrandt H , Applegate D , Mahler G 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Accurate weak lensing mass estimates of clusters are needed to calibrate mass proxies for the cosmological exploitation of galaxy cluster surveys. Such measurements require accurate knowledge of the redshift distribution of the weak lensing source galaxies. In this context, we investigate the accuracy of photometric redshifts (photo-zs) computed by the 3D-Hubble Space Telescope(HST) team for the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey fields, which provide a relevant photometric reference data set for deep weak lensing studies. Through the comparison to spectroscopic redshifts and photo-zs based on very deep data from the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, we identify catastrophic redshift outliers in the 3D-HST/CANDELS catalogue. These would significantly bias weak lensing results if not accounted for. We investigate the cause of these outliers and demonstrate that the interpolation of spectral energy distribution templates and a well-selected combination of photometric data can reduce the net impact for weak lensing studies.
Semi-analytic modelling of AGNs: autocorrelation function and halo occupation
Authors: Oogi Taira , Shirakata Hikari , Nagashima Masahiro , Nishimichi Takahiro , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Okamoto Takashi , Ishiyama Tomoaki , Enoki Motohiro 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The spatial clustering of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is considered to be one of the important diagnostics for the understanding of the underlying processes behind their activities complementary to measurements of the luminosity function (LF). We analyse the AGN clustering from a recent semi-analytic model performed on a large cosmological N-body simulation covering a cubic gigaparsec comoving volume. We have introduced a new time-scale of gas accretion on to the supermassive black holes to account for the loss of the angular momentum on small scales, which is required to match the faint end of the observed X-ray LF. The large simulation box allows us accurate determination of the autocorrelation function of the AGNs. The model prediction indicates that this time-scale plays a significant role in allowing massive haloes to host relatively faint population of AGNs, leading to a higher bias factor for those AGNs. The model predictions are in agreement with observations of X-ray selected AGNs in the luminosity range $10^{41.5}~\mathrm{erg} \ \mathrm{s}^{-1} \le L_{2{-}10\mathrm{keV}} \le 10^{44.5}~\mathrm{erg} \ \mathrm{s}^{-1}$, with the typical host halo mass of $10^{12.5-13.5} h^{-1}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ at $z \lesssim 1$. This result shows that the observational clustering measurements impose an independent constraint on the accretion time-scale complementary to the LF measurements. Moreover, we find that not only the effective halo mass corresponding to the overall bias factor, but the extended shape of the predicted AGN correlation function shows remarkable agreement with those from observations. Further observational efforts towards the low-luminosity end at $z$ ∼ 1 would give us stronger constraints on the triggering mechanisms of AGN activities through their clustering.
X-ray spectroscopy of newly identified ULXs associated with M87’s globular cluster population
Authors: Dage Kristen C , Zepf Stephen E , Thygesen Erica , Bahramian Arash , Kundu Arunav , Maccarone Thomas J , Peacock Mark B , Strader Jay 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We have identified seven ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) that are coincident with globular cluster candidates (GC) associated with M87. ULXs in the old GC environment represent a new population of ULXs, and ones likely to be black holes. In this study, we perform detailed X-ray spectroscopic follow-up to seven GC ULXs across a wealth of archival Chandra observations and long time baseline of 16 yr. This study brings the total known sample of GC ULXs to 17. Two of these sources show variability in their X-ray luminosity of an order of magnitude over many years, and one of these sources shows intra-observational variability on the scale of hours. While the X-ray spectra of the majority of GC ULXs are best fit by single-component models, one of the sources studied in this paper is the second GC ULX to be best fit by a two-component model. We compare this new sample of GC ULXs to the previously studied sample, and compare the X-ray and optical properties counterparts across the samples. We find that the clusters that host ULXs in M87 have metallicities from g − z = 1.01 to g − z = 1.70. The best-fitting power-law indices of the X-ray spectra range from Γ = 1.37 to 2.21, and the best-fitting inner blackbody disc temperatures range from kT = 0.56 to 1.90 keV.
Targeted DNA oxidation by LSD1–SMAD2/3 primes TGF-β1/ EMT genes for activation or repression
Authors: Pezone Antonio , Taddei Maria Letizia , Tramontano Alfonso , Dolcini Jacopo , Boffo Francesca Ludovica , De Rosa Mariarosaria , Parri Matteo , Stinziani Stefano , Comito Giuseppina , Porcellini Antonio , Raugei Giovanni , Gackowski Daniel , Zarakowska Ewelina , Olinski Ryszard , Gabrielli Armando , Chiarugi Paola , Avvedimento Enrico Vittorio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex transcriptional program induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has been recognized as a key mediator of EMT in cancer cells, but the precise mechanism that underlies the activation and repression of EMT genes still remains elusive. Here, we characterized the early events induced by TGF-β1 during EMT initiation and establishment. TGF-β1 triggered, 30–90 min post-treatment, a nuclear oxidative wave throughout the genome, documented by confocal microscopy and mass spectrometry, mediated by LSD1. LSD1 was recruited with phosphorylated SMAD2/3 to the promoters of prototypic genes activated and repressed by TGF-β1. After 90 min, phospho-SMAD2/3 downregulation reduced the complex and LSD1 was then recruited with the newly synthesized SNAI1 and repressors, NCoR1 and HDAC3, to the promoters of TGF-β1-repressed genes such as the Wnt soluble inhibitor factor 1 gene (WIF1), a change that induced a late oxidative burst. However, TGF-β1 early (90 min) repression of transcription also required synchronous signaling by reactive oxygen species and the stress-activated kinase c-Jun N-terminal kinase. These data elucidate the early events elicited by TGF-β1 and the priming role of DNA oxidation that marks TGF-β1-induced and -repressed genes involved in the EMT.
Anaplasmosis Presenting With Respiratory Symptoms and Pneumonitis
Authors: Rivera Jose E , Young Katelyn , Kwon Tae Sung , McKenzie Paula A , Grant Michelle A , McBride Darrell A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Anaplasmosis is a now common tick-borne illness that is characterized by the presence of fever, myalgias, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver function tests. We report 4 cases with an atypical presentation with pulmonary symptoms and imaging findings, along with the characteristics of each patient, clinical course, and response to therapy.
Acquainted Strangers: Thwarted Interaction in Digitally Mediated Urban Gay Bars
Authors: Baldor Tyler 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile some situations in sexual contexts facilitate interaction, others can make overtures difficult to negotiate. Furthermore, social media creates new challenges as individuals navigate sexualized spaces in an increasingly digital world. Drawing on fieldwork in Philadelphia gay bars and supplemental interviews with young gay club-goers, I find that men experience unexpected challenges that inhibit their ability to socialize with gay others and enact positive gay identities. I show how the social organization of particular bars, as well as the popularity of mobile dating applications, undermines the interactional accomplishment of positive outcomes such as identity affirmation and “having fun”: (1) men’s embodied work to evade effeminacy constrains their facial expressions, comportment, and speech; (2) gay bars’ multiple functions as sexual fields and community outposts render both social and sexual interaction difficult to initiate; (3) patrons struggle over whether and how to interact with other mobile dating app users, a novel social tie I conceptualize as acquainted strangers, in the bars. I discuss how these mechanisms—managing stigma corporeally, negotiating discrepant frames, and navigating ambiguous social ties—may thwart interactional achievements while reproducing inequalities in contexts beyond the gay bar.
Culex interfor and Culex saltanensis (Diptera: Culicidae) are susceptible and competent to transmit St. Louis encephalitis virus (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae) in central Argentina
Authors: Beranek Mauricio D , Quaglia Agustín I , Peralta Giovana C , Flores Fernando S , Stein Marina , Diaz Luis A , Almirón Walter R , Contigiani Marta S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is endemic and autochthonous on the American continent. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus is a vector of SLEV; however, Culex interfor and Culex saltanensis have also been found to be naturally infected with SLEV. The aim of this study was to determine the vector competence of C. interfor and C. saltanensis for SLEV from Argentina compared with C. p. quinquefasciatus.

Methods
Female of the Culex species were orally infected by feeding on viraemic chicks that had been inoculated with SLEV. Abdomens, legs and saliva blood-fed mosquitoes were analysed by viral plaque assay.

Results
Mosquitoes were susceptible to orally acquired infection, dissemination and transmission of SLEV in the saliva.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that C. saltanensis and C. interfor are susceptible to SLEV and competent for its transmission.
IV Chaucer
Authors: Simon-Jones Lindsey , Pitard Derrick , Twu Krista Sue-Lo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter has six sections: 1. General; 2. The Canterbury Tales; 3. Troilus and Criseyde; 4. Other Works; 5. Reception; 6. Pedagogy. Section 1(a) is by Krista Sue-Lo Twu and Lindsey Simon-Jones (additions); sections 1(b) and 1(c) are by Krista Sue-Lo Twu; section 1(d) is by Lindsey Simon-Jones; section 2 is by Krista Sue-Lo Twu; sections 3 and 4 are by Derrick Pitard; sections 5 and 6 are by Lindsey Simon-Jones.
Integrating deep learning with microfluidics for biophysical classification of sickle red blood cells
Authors: Praljak Niksa , Iram Shamreen , Goreke Utku , Singh Gundeep , Hill Ailis , Gurkan Umut A. , Hinczewski Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD), a group of inherited blood disorders with significant morbidity and early mortality, affects a sizeable global demographic largely of African and Indian descent. It is manifested in a mutated form of hemoglobin that distorts the red blood cells into a characteristic sickle shape with altered biophysical properties. Sickle red blood cells (sRBCs) show heightened adhesive interactions with inflamed endothelium, triggering obstruction of blood vessels and painful vaso-occlusive crisis events. Numerous studies have reported microfluidic-assay-based disease monitoring tools which rely on quantifying adhesion characteristics of adhered sRBCs from high resolution channel images. The current workflow for analyzing images from these assays relies on manual cell counting and detailed morphological characterization by a specially trained worker, which is time and labor intensive. Moreover manual counts by different individuals are prone to artifacts due to user bias. We present here a standardized and reproducible image analysis workflow designed to tackle these issues, using a two part deep neural network architecture that works in tandem for automatic, fast and reliable segmentation and classification into subtypes of adhered cell images. Our training utilized an exhaustive data set of images generated by the SCD BioChip, a microfluidic assay which injects clinical whole blood samples into protein-functionalized microchannels, mimicking physiological conditions in the microvasculature. The automated image analysis performs robustly in comparison to human classification: accuracies were similar to or better than those of the trained personnel, while the overall analysis time was improved by two orders of magnitude.