bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling low-dose radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia in male CBA/H mice
Authors: Stouten Sjors , Verduyn Lunel Sjoerd , Finnon Rosemary , Badie Christophe , Dekkers Fieke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effect of low-dose ionizing radiation exposure on leukemia incidence remains poorly understood. Possible dose-response curves for various forms of leukemia are largely based on cohorts of atomic bomb survivors. Animal studies can contribute to an improved understanding of radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia (rAML) in humans. In male CBA/H mice, incidence of rAML can be described by a two-hit model involving a radiation-induced deletion with Sfpi1 gene copy loss and a point mutation in the remaining Sfpi1 allele. In the present study (historical) mouse data were used and these processes were translated into a mathematical model to study photon-induced low-dose AML incidence in male CBA/H mice following acute exposure. Numerical model solutions for low-dose rAML incidence and diagnosis times could respectively be approximated with a model linear-quadratic in radiation dose and a normal cumulative distribution function. Interestingly, the low-dose incidence was found to be proportional to the modeled number of cells carrying the Sfpi1 deletion present per mouse following exposure. After making only model-derived high-dose rAML estimates available to extrapolate from, the linear-quadratic model could be used to approximate low-dose rAML incidence calculated with our mouse model. The accuracy in estimating low-dose rAML incidence when extrapolating from a linear model using a low-dose effectiveness factor was found to depend on whether a data transformation was used in the curve fitting procedure.
The relationship between the gut microbiome and host gene expression: a review
Authors: Nichols Robert G. , Davenport Emily R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite the growing knowledge surrounding host–microbiome interactions, we are just beginning to understand how the gut microbiome influences—and is influenced by—host gene expression. Here, we review recent literature that intersects these two fields, summarizing themes across studies. Work in model organisms, human biopsies, and cell culture demonstrate that the gut microbiome is an important regulator of several host pathways relevant for disease, including immune development and energy metabolism, and vice versa. The gut microbiome remodels host chromatin, causes differential splicing, alters the epigenetic landscape, and directly interrupts host signaling cascades. Emerging techniques like single-cell RNA sequencing and organoid generation have the potential to refine our understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiome and host gene expression in the future. By intersecting microbiome and host gene expression, we gain a window into the physiological processes important for fostering the extensive cross-kingdom interactions and ultimately our health.
In-season weather data provide reliable yield estimates of maize and soybean in the US central Corn Belt
Authors: Joshi Vijaya R. , Kazula Maciej J. , Coulter Jeffrey A. , Naeve Seth L. , Garcia y Garcia Axel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWeather conditions regulate the growth and yield of crops, especially in rain-fed agricultural systems. This study evaluated the use and relative importance of readily available weather data to develop yield estimation models for maize and soybean in the US central Corn Belt. Total rainfall (Rain), average air temperature (Tavg), and the difference between maximum and minimum air temperature (Tdiff) at weekly, biweekly, and monthly timescales from May to August were used to estimate county-level maize and soybean grain yields for Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and Minnesota. Step-wise multiple linear regression (MLR), general additive (GAM), and support vector machine (SVM) models were trained with Rain, Tavg, and with/without Tdiff. For the total study area and at individual state level, SVM outperformed other models at all temporal levels for both maize and soybean. For maize, Tavg and Tdiff during July and August, and Rain during June and July, were relatively more important whereas for soybean, Tavg in June and Tdiff and Rain during August were more important. The SVM model with weekly Rain and Tavg estimated the overall maize yield with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 591 kg ha−1(4.9%nRMSE) and soybean yield with a RMSE of 205 kg ha−1(5.5%nRMSE). Inclusion of Tdiff in the model considerably improved yield estimation for both crops; however, the magnitude of improvement varied with the model and temporal level of weather data. This study shows the relative importance of weather variables and reliable yield estimation of maize and soybean from readily available weather data to develop a decision support tool in the US central Corn Belt.
Intraoperative mapping of executive function using electrocorticography for patients with low-grade gliomas
Authors: Erez Yaara , Assem Moataz , Coelho Pedro , Romero-Garcia Rafael , Owen Mallory , McDonald Alexa , Woodberry Emma , Morris Robert C. , Price Stephen J. , Suckling John , Duncan John , Hart Michael G. , Santarius Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative functional mapping with direct electrical stimulation during awake surgery for patients with diffuse low-grade glioma has been used in recent years to optimize the balance between surgical resection and quality of life following surgery. Mapping of executive functions is particularly challenging because of their complex nature, with only a handful of reports published so far. Here, we propose the recording of neural activity directly from the surface of the brain using electrocorticography to map executive functions and demonstrate its feasibility and potential utility.MethodsTo track a neural signature of executive function, we recorded neural activity using electrocorticography during awake surgery from the frontal cortex of three patients judged to have an appearance of diffuse low-grade glioma. Based on existing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evidence from healthy participants for the recruitment of areas associated with executive function with increased task demands, we employed a task difficulty manipulation in two counting tasks performed intraoperatively. Following surgery, the data were extracted and analyzed offline to identify increases in broadband high-gamma power with increased task difficulty, equivalent to fMRI findings, as a signature of activity related to executive function.ResultsAll three patients performed the tasks well. Data were recorded from five electrode strips, resulting in data from 15 channels overall. Eleven out of the 15 channels (73.3%) showed significant increases in high-gamma power with increased task difficulty, 26.6% of the channels (4/15) showed no change in power, and none of the channels showed power decrease. High-gamma power increases with increased task difficulty were more likely in areas that are within the canonical frontoparietal network template.ConclusionsThese results are the first step toward developing electrocorticography as a tool for mapping of executive function complementarily to direct electrical stimulation to guide resection. Further studies are required to establish this approach for clinical use.
The network boundary specification problem in the global and world city research: investigation of the reliability of empirical results from sampled networks
Authors: Pažitka Vladimír , Wójcik Dariusz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite the well-known dependence of vertex and network structural parameters on network boundary specification employed by researchers, there has so far been effectively no discussion of this methodological caveat in the global and world city literature. Given the reliance of empirical studies of urban networks on the sampling of underlying actors that form these networks by their interactions, we consider it of key importance to examine the dependence of network centralities of cities on network boundary specification. We consider three distinctive modelling approaches based on: (a) office networks, (b) ownership ties and (c) inter-organisational projects. Our results indicate that city network centralities obtained from sampled networks are highly consistent with those obtained from whole network analysis for samples featuring as little as 4% (office networks), 10% (ownership ties) and 25% (inter-organisational projects) of the underlying actors.
Numerical modelling of intra-wave sediment transport on sandy beaches using a non-hydrostatic, wave-resolving model
Authors: Mancini Giulia , Briganti Riccardo , McCall Robert , Dodd Nicholas , Zhu Fangfang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe mutual feedback between the swash zone and the surf zone is known to affect large-scale morphodynamic processes such as breaker bar migration on sandy beaches. To fully resolve this feedback in a process-based manner, the morphodynamics in the swash zone and due to swash-swash interactions must be explicitly solved, e.g., by means of a wave-resolving numerical model. Currently, few existing models are able to fully resolve the complex morphodynamics in the swash zone, and none is practically applicable for engineering purposes. This work aims at improving the numerical modelling of the intra-wave sediment transport on sandy beaches in an open-source wave-resolving hydro-morphodynamic framework (e.g., non-hydrostatic XBeach). A transport equation for the intra-wave suspended sediment concentration, including an erosion and a deposition rate, is newly implemented in the model. Two laboratory experiments involving isolated waves and wave trains are simulated to analyse the performance of the model. Numerical results show overall better performance in simulating single waves rather than wave trains. For the latter, the modelling of the morphodynamic response improves in the swash zone compared with the existing sediment transport modelling approach within non-hydrostatic XBeach, while the need of including additional physical processes to better capture sediment transport and bed evolution in the surf zone is highlighted in the paper.
Recent advances in carbon capture storage and utilisation technologies: a review
Authors: Osman Ahmed I. , Hefny Mahmoud , Abdel Maksoud M. I. A. , Elgarahy Ahmed M. , Rooney David W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuman activities have led to a massive increase in $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

emissions as a primary greenhouse gas that is contributing to climate change with higher than $$1\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$

1

∘

C

global warming than that of the pre-industrial level. We evaluate the three major technologies that are utilised for carbon capture: pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxyfuel combustion. We review the advances in carbon capture, storage and utilisation. We compare carbon uptake technologies with techniques of carbon dioxide separation. Monoethanolamine is the most common carbon sorbent; yet it requires a high regeneration energy of 3.5 GJ per tonne of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

. Alternatively, recent advances in sorbent technology reveal novel solvents such as a modulated amine blend with lower regeneration energy of 2.17 GJ per tonne of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

. Graphene-type materials show $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

adsorption capacity of 0.07 mol/g, which is 10 times higher than that of specific types of activated carbon, zeolites and metal–organic frameworks. $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

geosequestration provides an efficient and long-term strategy for storing the captured $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

in geological formations with a global storage capacity factor at a Gt-scale within operational timescales. Regarding the utilisation route, currently, the gross global utilisation of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

is lower than 200 million tonnes per year, which is roughly negligible compared with the extent of global anthropogenic $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

emissions, which is higher than 32,000 million tonnes per year. Herein, we review different $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

utilisation methods such as direct routes, i.e. beverage carbonation, food packaging and oil recovery, chemical industries and fuels. Moreover, we investigated additional $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

utilisation for base-load power generation, seasonal energy storage, and district cooling and cryogenic direct air $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

capture using geothermal energy. Through bibliometric mapping, we identified the research gap in the literature within this field which requires future investigations, for instance, designing new and stable ionic liquids, pore size and selectivity of metal–organic frameworks and enhancing the adsorption capacity of novel solvents. Moreover, areas such as techno-economic evaluation of novel solvents, process design and dynamic simulation require further effort as well as research and development before pilot- and commercial-scale trials.
Different environmental variables predict distribution and cover of the introduced red seaweed Eucheuma denticulatum in two geographical locations
Authors: Eggertsen M. , Tano S. A. , Chacin D. H. , Eklöf J. S. , Larsson J. , Berkström C. , Buriyo A. S. , Halling C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study we examined abiotic and biotic factors that could potentially influence the presence of a non-indigenous seaweed, Eucheuma denticulatum, in two locations, one outside (Kane’ohe Bay, Hawai’i, USA) and one within (Mafia Island, Tanzania) its natural geographical range. We hypothesized that the availability of hard substrate and the amount of wave exposure would explain distribution patterns, and that higher abundance of herbivorous fishes in Tanzania would exert stronger top–down control than in Hawai’i. To address these hypotheses, we surveyed E. denticulatum in sites subjected to different environmental conditions and used generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to identify predictors of E. denticulatum presence. We also estimated grazing intensity on E. denticulatum by surveying the type and the amount of grazing scars. Finally, we used molecular tools to distinguish between indigenous and non-indigenous strains of E. denticulatum on Mafia Island. In Kane’ohe Bay, the likelihood of finding E. denticulatum increased with wave exposure, whereas on Mafia Island, the likelihood increased with cover of coral rubble, and decreased with distance from areas of introduction (AOI), but this decrease was less pronounced in the presence of coral rubble. Grazing intensity was higher in Kane’ohe Bay than on Mafia Island. However, we still suggest that efforts to reduce non-indigenous E. denticulatum should include protection of important herbivores in both sites because of the high levels of grazing close to AOI. Moreover, we recommend that areas with hard substrate and high structural complexity should be avoided when farming non-indigenous strains of E. denticulatum.
Manure recycling from urban livestock farms for closing the urban–rural nutrient loops
Authors: Tadesse Solomon Tulu , Oenema Oene , van Beek Christy , Ocho Fikre Lemessa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRapid urbanization in developing countries is attracting urban livestock farming, which is associated with feed nutrient imports and manure nutrient accumulations. Here, we report on manure nutrients (N, P and K) production on urban livestock farms in Addis Ababa and Jimma in Ethiopia, and estimate manure recovery on these farms and its recycling in urban, peri-urban and rural crop farms. Estimates were based on data from farm surveys, statistics, literature and model calculations. Urban livestock farms had on average 13 tropical livestock units and positive N, P and K balances. Urban crop farms had negative N and K balances, and did not use manure from urban livestock farms. We estimated that 0.5–2.6 Gg N, 0.2–0.8 Gg P and 0.9–3.7 Gg K can be collected in manure from the 5,200 urban livestock farms in Addis Ababa year−1, and can be recycled in crop land. Two manure allocation strategies were explored: balanced P fertilization and balanced N fertilization. The former allowed greater precision in matching nutrient supply to demand, and was associated with greater manure transport and distribution, up to rural areas. Manure recycling has several benefits: synthetic fertilizer savings (75–300 million Ethiopian Birr year−1 for Addis Ababa), soil fertility replenishment, and reductions in water pollution. However, there are various cultural, educational and institutional barriers for manure recycling. We argue that more quantitative data and scenario analyses are needed for deliberative decision making and for exploring more sustainable development pathways of urban livestock farms, re-connected to crop farms via manure recycling.
Learning environments preferred by university students: a shift toward informal and flexible learning environments
Authors: Valtonen Teemu , Leppänen Ulla , Hyypiä Mareena , Kokko Anna , Manninen Jyri , Vartiainen Henriikka , Sointu Erkko , Hirsto Laura 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUniversities are facing new challenges that pose various demands for developing learning environments. These challenges are related to different pedagogical approaches, the use of information and communications technology (ICT), the diversification of student populations, and new expectations related to working life. This study focused on university students’ perceptions of preferred learning environments and their thoughts about the best learning environments for the higher-education level. The main data consisted of answers to open questions from 230 students. Additionally, a questionnaire was used to gain an overall picture of students’ experiences in the current learning environment. Five main themes emerged: characteristics of the campus; available resources; flexibility of learning opportunities; pedagogy; and implementation of ICT in education. Further, two larger perspectives were highlighted. One was the need for informal learning environments (where students can study alone or with peers or just hang out). The second perspective pertains to the flexibility of learning, demonstrating the need for learning environments that allow participation without the need to come to the campus for face-to-face meetings. The need for resources (particularly ICT and the support and availability of teaching personnel) was also highlighted. The study provides important perspectives for developing appropriate learning environments for higher education.
The Role of Future Time Perspective, Body Awareness, and Social Connectedness in the Relationship Between Self-efficacy and Resilience
Authors: O’Neill Ellsy , Clarke Philip , Fido Dean , Vione Katia Correa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDefined as the successful adaptation to dynamic environments, resilience is considered a cornerstone of mental health. However, with the underpinnings of resilience not yet fully understood, this manuscript tests the potential contribution of self-efficacy and embeddedness on resilience (explored through validated measures of future time perspective, body awareness, and social connectedness). The convenience sample of 18-to-77-year-old adults included 297 individuals, of which 36 were men and 171 were female. Participants completed online surveys composed of fifty-two questions in total, measuring self-efficacy, resilience, social connectedness, FTP, and body awareness. Resilience was positively related to self-efficacy, future time perspective, and social connectedness—but not to body awareness—and self-efficacy was positively associated with indices of embeddedness. Considering these correlations, and that only self-efficacy significantly predicted resilience, an exploratory model was proposed to test whether embeddedness directly predicted self-efficacy, and whether self-efficacy directly predicted resilience. Structural Equation Modelling suggested a good fit of this model, elucidating the interplay of psychological mechanisms underlying resilience. Thus, we identify potential variables of interest for clinical interventions aimed at increasing resilience and self-efficacy. Theoretical implications and future research are suggested based on these findings.
Kultur in fachdidaktischen Lehrbüchern – eine diskursanalytische Perspektive auf Kultur in der Lehrerbildung
Authors: Kühn Claudia , Lindner Konstantin , Scheunpflug Annette 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungLehrkräfte tradieren Kultur. Mit der dargestellten empirischen Studie wird die Frage, wie „Kultur“ in fachdidaktischen Lehrbüchern der universitären Lehrkräftebildung präsentiert wird, bearbeitet. Lehrbücher der Englisch‑, Geschichts- und Musikdidaktik wurden über ein mehrschrittiges Verfahren identifiziert und hinsichtlich kulturbezogener Vorstellungen diskursanalytisch ausgewertet. Die Befunde zeigen, dass der Kontingenz des Kulturellen im Rekurs auf bedeutungsorientierte kulturtheoretische Konzepte begegnet wird, Differenz setzende Aspekte in Bezug auf Praxisvorschläge implizit präsent sind und nur wenige metatheoretische sowie die Lehrkräfte zur Selbstreflexion einladende kulturbezogene Reflexionsangebote gemacht werden.
Enhancement of the interface of friction welded steel-aluminium joints
Authors: Behrens Bernd-Arno , Duran Deniz , Matthias Tim , Ross Ingo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLightweight multi-material components are of great importance for the transport industry. Not only the component’s weight can be decreased, but also its local properties can be adapted to different loading profiles. Tailored Forming is a novel concept for producing multi-material components. By using a joining process, the creation of a bond between different materials takes place in the first step of the process chain. In the subsequent steps, multi-material workpieces are processed in their joined state while maintaining or improving the joint strength. This study focuses on steel-aluminium joints, which were created by friction welding and further processed by induction heating and impact extrusion. A counter pressure superposition mechanism was implemented in the extrusion tooling to control the stress state during plastic deformation. Flow behaviours of steel and aluminium are largely different at a given temperature, which necessitates a near step-function temperature distribution in the hybrid billet to obtain matching flow stresses. An inductive heating strategy was developed which led to a temperature gradient in the billets before extrusion. Extruded billets were analysed by destructive testing methods and metallography. The bond could be maintained after extrusion when counter pressure superposition was used; but no improvement could be obtained. Without counter force superposition, however, cracks were observed in the joining interface and the joint strength decreased. This paper discusses the aforementioned findings in the current process design and makes suggestions on how the involved processes should be reconfigured to improve the joint strength.