bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate Receptor Antibodies in Autoimmune Encephalopathy Alter Oligodendrocyte Function
Authors: Matute Carlos , Palma Ana , Serrano‐Regal María Paz , Maudes Estibaliz , Barman Sumanta , Sánchez‐Gómez María Victoria , Domercq María , Goebels Norbert , Dalmau Josep 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveAntibodies against neuronal N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis alter neuronal synaptic function and plasticity, but the effects on other cells of the nervous system are unknown.MethodsCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis (preabsorbed or not with GluN1) and a human NMDAR‐specific monoclonal antibody (SSM5) derived from plasma cells of a patient, along the corresponding controls, were used in the studies. To evaluate the activity of oligodendrocyte NMDARs and α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in vitro after exposure to patients' CSF antibodies or SSM5, we used a functional assay based on cytosolic Ca2+ imaging. Expression of the glucose transporter (GLUT1) in oligodendrocytes was assessed by immunocytochemistry.ResultsNMDAR agonist responses were robustly reduced after preincubation of oligodendrocytes with patients' CSF or SSM5 but remained largely unaltered with the corresponding controls. These effects were NMDAR specific, as patients' CSF did not alter responses to AMPA receptor agonists and was abrogated by preabsorption of CSF with HEK cells expressing GluN1 subunit. Patients' CSF also reduced oligodendrocyte expression of glucose transporter GLUT1 induced by NMDAR activity.InterpretationAntibodies from patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis specifically alter the function of NMDARs in oligodendrocytes, causing a decrease of expression of GLUT1. Considering that normal GLUT1 expression in oligodendrocytes and myelin is needed to metabolically support axonal function, the findings suggest a link between antibody‐mediated dysfunction of NMDARs in oligodendrocytes and the white matter alterations reported in patients with this disorder. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:670–676
Gravitational Lensing in a Model of Nonlinear Electrodynamics: The Case for Electrically and Magnetically Charged Compact Objects
Authors: Gurtug Ozay , Mangut Mert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe astrophysical applicability of the electrically and magnetically charged black hole solutions obtained in a model of nonlinear electrodynamics proposed by Kruglov is investigated. Theoretical calculations of the bending angles and gravitational redshifts from the theory of general relativity are studied numerically by using the stellar data of charged compact objects and a hypothetical quark star model. Calculations have revealed that although the theoretical outcomes differ from the linear Maxwell case, the plotted bending angles coincide with the linear case and it becomes hard to identify the effect of nonlinearity. However, the calculation of the redshift has shown that while the increase in the electric field leads to a decrease in the gravitational redshift,the presence of the strong magnetic field contributes to the gravitational redshift in an increasing manner.
Molecular Photochemistry: Recent Developments in Theory
Authors: Mai Sebastian , González Leticia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhotochemistry is a fascinating branch of chemistry that is concerned with molecules and light. However, the importance of simulating light‐induced processes is reflected also in fields as diverse as biology, material science, and medicine. This Minireview highlights recent progress achieved in theoretical chemistry to calculate electronically excited states of molecules and simulate their photoinduced dynamics, with the aim of reaching experimental accuracy. We focus on emergent methods and give selected examples that illustrate the progress in recent years towards predicting complex electronic structures with strong correlation, calculations on large molecules, describing multichromophoric systems, and simulating non‐adiabatic molecular dynamics over long time scales, for molecules in the gas phase or in complex biological environments.
MDM2‐Associated Clusterization‐Triggered Emission and Apoptosis Induction Effectuated by a Theranostic Spiropolymer
Authors: Liu Pai , Fu Weiqiang , Verwilst Peter , Won Miae , Shin Jinwoo , Cai Zhengxu , Tong Bin , Shi Jianbing , Dong Yuping , Kim Jong Seung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHeteroatom‐containing spiropolymers were constructed in a facile manner by a catalyst‐free multicomponent spiropolymerization route. P1a2b as the most potent of these spiropolymers, demonstrates cluster‐triggered emission resulting from strong interactions with the MDM2 protein. By preventing the anti‐apoptotic p53/MDM2 interaction, P1a2b triggers apoptosis in cancerous cells, while demonstrating a good biocompatibility and non‐toxicity in non‐cancerous cells. The combined results from solution and cell‐based cluster‐triggered emission studies, docking, protein expression experiments and cytotoxicity data strongly support the MDM2‐binding hypothesis and indicate a potential application as a fluorescent cancer marker as well as therapeutic for this spiropolymer.
Preparation of polyacrylamide–montmorillonite nanocomposite and its application in Cr(III) adsorption
Authors: Qiu Jinghong , Du Xiaosheng , Komarneni Sridhar , Wang Haibo , Cheng Xu , Du Zongliang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe polyacrylamide–montmorillonite “water in water” (PAM‐MMT W/W) emulsion was prepared by dispersion polymerization method in the presence of organo‐montmorillonite (OMMT). Based on the analysis of the polymerization process, the structure of material was investigated using thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy experiments. Here, the dispersion was determined to be a blend of PAM W/W emulsion and PAM network interspersed by MMT particles, this unique structure of the material was considered to provide better adsorption ability compared to PAM without MMT. Therefore, a PAM‐MMT adsorbent was made from the PAM‐MMT W/W emulsion, and its adsorption capacity toward Cr(III), one of the heavy metal pollutants from the tannery waste was investigated. The PAM‐MMT nanocomposite was demonstrated to have good Cr(III) removal performance, the maximum adsorption capacity of the nanocomposite was found to be 59.74 mg/g at a pH of 5.5 and temperature of 70°C. Results show that pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm were applicable for Cr(III) adsorption.
Lost but revived. Revisiting the medieval village of Nieuw‐Roeselare (Flanders) using large‐scale frequency‐domain multi‐receiver EMI and landscape archaeological prospection
Authors: Verbrugghe Gerben , Saey Timothy , De Clercq Wim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDuring the 10th to 13th centuries, the rural settlement landscapes of the County of Flanders underwent major changes. Complex interactions between urbanization, growing comital power, demographic changes and rural development formed the basis for intensified reclamations of the landscape. Based on historical research, the ab nihilo plantation of grouped rural settlements by the counts and other landlords played an important role in the organization and systematization of these reclamations. To date, however, archaeological attention for these grouped settlements is scarce, mainly due to Flanders' build‐up and urbanized character. This article describes the renewed cross‐disciplinary landscape archaeological research at the site of the lost village of Nieuw‐Roeselare (northern East Flanders), which was the first medieval village to be partly excavated in Flanders between 1967 and 1979. Believed to have been planted in 1241 and lost to floods in 1375, little is known historically about the site nor does the modern‐day polder landscape show any remnants of a former settlement. Now, a large‐scale cross‐disciplinary prospection comprising 35 ha of frequency‐domain multi‐receiver electromagnetic induction (EMI), oblique aerial photography, augering, pseudo‐two‐dimensional tomography and site specific artefact‐accurate field walking, allowed to define the settlement's full extent, clarify its geographical context and identify its morphology as a planted settlement in the context of the medieval landscape reclamations.
Fluorinated Phenanthrenes as Aryne Precursors: PAH Synthesis Based on Domino Ring Assembly Using 1,1‐Difluoroallenes
Authors: Fuchibe Kohei , Abe Masashi , Idate Hiroto , Ichikawa Junji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOn treatment with the catalyst InBr3, 1,1‐difluoroallenes that bear a cyclopentene moiety and an aryl group underwent domino ring assembly in the presence or absence of N‐bromosuccinimide or N‐iodosuccinimide to afford aryne precursors such as three‐ringed ortho‐fluoro(halo)phenanthrenes, four‐ringed ortho‐fluoro(halo)tetraphenes, ortho‐fluoro(halo)chrysenes and fluoro[4]helicenes. Metalation of the aryne precursors followed by elimination of the fluoride resulted in the unprecedented systematic generation of arynes bearing π‐extended systems. Diels−Alder reactions of these arynes with isobenzofurans afforded the corresponding cycloadducts whose reductive aromatisation in an SnCl2/HBr system furnished fully aromatised benzotriphenylenes. In addition, oxidative aryl−aryl coupling (the Scholl reaction) of these benzotriphenylenes facilitated the synthesis of ‘half HBCs’ (hexabenzocoronenes).
Association between body mass index and folate insufficiency indicative of neural tube defects risk among nonpregnant women of childbearing age in the United States, NHANES, 2007–2010
Authors: Manandhar Meryna , Beydoun Hind , Kancherla Vijaya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaternal folate status and obesity are known risk factors for neural tube defects (NTD) in the offspring. We examined the association between body mass index (BMI) categories and blood folate concentrations, specifically, red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations indicative of NTD risk among nonpregnant women of child‐bearing age (20–44 years) in the United States.MethodsWe used data from 2007 to 2010 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Overweight, obesity, and strata within obesity were examined. Serum and RBC folate concentrations were examined as continuous and categorical variables. RBC folate concentrations were grouped indicating high (≤585 nmol/L) and elevated risk (586–747 nmol/L) for NTDs. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence odds ratios (aPOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression.ResultsOf the 30,878 participants, 25.6% were overweight, 32.7% obese, and 32.3% had RBC folate concentration indicating NTD risk (<748 nmol/L). Overweight was not associated with RBC folate level for NTD risk; however, a marginally significant negative association was noted for overall obesity and RBC folate concentrations indicative of elevated NTD risk (aPOR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.45, 1.00). A significant protective association was noted between Class 3 obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m2) and folate concentration indicative of high NTD risk (≤585 nmol/L; aPOR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.24, 0.89).ConclusionsThe prevalence of RBC folate concentrations indicating elevated or high NTD risk varied by level of obesity among nonpregnant women of child‐bearing age. Further studies are needed to understand the folate pathway in overweight and obese women and subsequent NTD risk in their offspring.
How do corporate environmental policy and corporate reputation affect risk‐adjusted financial performance?
Authors: Gangi Francesco , Daniele Lucia Michela , Varrone Nicola 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe current study aims to answer dual, related questions: Does corporate environmental policy affect corporate reputation, and does this link also influence risk‐adjusted profitability and company's risk? With a comprehensive framework involving analyses of each question, among a sample of firms traced by the Reputation Institute, this study reveals several notable results, after correcting for endogeneity biases. First, environmental engagement and green product innovation are both antecedents of corporate reputation. Second, corporate reputation has a positive impact on risk‐adjusted profitability and Z score indicator of financial distress risk. Thus, corporate environmental responsibility and green practices represent cospecialized assets that enhances an intangible asset, namely, corporate reputation. The latter influence constitutes a missing link between sustainable development and the firm's financial performance. Overall, environmental engagement and corporate reputation act as insurance‐like protections of firm competitiveness.
Impact of delayed treatment in women diagnosed with breast cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Ho Peh Joo , Cook Alex R. , Binte Mohamed Ri Nur Khaliesah , Liu Jenny , Li Jingmei , Hartman Mikael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe impact of timely treatment on breast cancer‐specific survival may differ by tumor stage. We aim to study the impact of delayed first treatment on overall survival across different tumor stages. In addition, we studied the impact of delayed adjuvant treatments on survival in patients with invasive nonmetastatic breast cancer who had surgery ≤90 days postdiagnosis. This population‐based study includes 11 175 breast cancer patients, of whom, 2318 (20.7%) died (median overall survival = 7.9 years). To study the impact of delayed treatment on survival, hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional‐hazards models. The highest proportion of delayed first treatment (>30 days postdiagnosis) was in patients with noninvasive breast cancer (61%), followed by metastatic breast cancer (50%) and invasive nonmetastatic breast cancer (22%). Delayed first treatment (>90 vs ≤30 days postdiagnosis) was associated with worse overall survival in patients with invasive nonmetastatic (HR: 2.25, 95% CI 1.55‐3.28) and metastatic (HR: 2.09, 95% CI 1.66‐2.64) breast cancer. Delayed adjuvant treatment (>90 vs 31‐60 days postsurgery) was associated with worse survival in patients with invasive nonmetastatic (HR: 1.50, 95% CI 1.29‐1.74). Results for the Cox proportional‐hazards models were similar for breast cancer‐specific death. A longer time to first treatment (31‐90 days postdiagnosis) may be viable for more extensive diagnostic workup and patient‐doctor decision‐making process, without compromising survival. However, patients’ preference and anxiety status need to be considered.
RP11‐81H3.2 promotes gastric cancer progression through miR‐339‐HNRNPA1 interaction network
Authors: Chen Fen‐Rong , Sha Su‐Mei , Wang Shen‐Hao , Shi Hai‐Tao , Dong Lei , Liu Dong , Cheng Yan , An Miao , Wang Yan , Zhang Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that various long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the gastric cancer (GC) development and metastasis. Some lncRNAs exert their regulatory function by interacting with microRNAs. Here we identified a novel lncRNA RP11‐81H3.2 that was highly expressed in the GC tissue and cell lines. RP11‐81H3.2 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that RP11‐81H3.2 directly interacted with miR‐339 while miR‐339 regulated the HNRNPA1 expression by targeting HRRNPA1 3’‐UTR. RP11‐81H3.2‐miR‐339‐HNRNPA1 interaction network regulated the GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, our results confirmed that RP11‐81H3.2 knockdown suppressed the tumor growth of GC in a xenograft model in vivo. In summary, the results suggest that RP11‐81H3.2 functions as an oncogene in GC and could be utilized as a promising diagnosis and therapeutic marker for GC treatment.
The facilitative interpersonal skills method: Difficult psychotherapy moments and appropriate therapist responsiveness
Authors: Anderson Timothy , Finkelstein Joshua D. , Horvath Sarah A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Facilitative Interpersonal Skills (FIS) task is a performance test of therapists’ use of common relational skills (e.g. empathy, building expectations). The FIS method includes (a) materials that simulate difficult client moments on video, which are used to collect therapists’ responses to these situations; and (b) independent ratings of these responses. Many of the FIS items are informed by psychotherapy processes that have been linked to outcome and facilitative conditions that have been reframed as individual therapist skills (e.g. alliance bond capacity). Overall, the FIS has predicted psychotherapy outcome. A single study is described in which FIS predicted the therapist effect using multilevel modelling of a large sample of clients who were nested within therapists. We also summarise two additional outcome studies that used experimental designs. One future direction is to better understand how therapists form responses to these difficult moments. We conclude that forming an optimal therapeutic response during challenging, emergent in‐session situations involves responsiveness (Stiles et al., 1998), or finding a response that fits the clients’ needs within any moment.
Anthropometry‐based generation of personalized and population‐specific human airway models
Authors: Kannan Ravishekar , Chen ZJ , Przekwas Andrzej , Segars Paul , Martin Florian , Kuczaj Arkadiusz K. , Hoeng Julia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding aerosol deposition in the human lung is of great significance in pulmonary toxicology and inhalation pharmacology. Adverse effects of inhaled environmental aerosols and pharmacological efficacy of inhaled therapeutics are dependent on aerosol properties as well as person‐specific respiratory tract anatomy and physiology. Anatomical geometry and physiological function of human airways depend on age, gender, weight, fitness, health, and disease status. Tools for the generation of the population‐ and subject‐specific virtual airway anatomical geometry based on anthropometric data and physiological vitals are invaluable in respiratory diagnostics, personalized pulmonary pharmacology, and model‐based management of chronic respiratory diseases. Here we present a novel protocol and software framework for the generation of subject‐specific airways based on anthropometric measurements of the subject's body, using the anatomical input, and the conventional spirometry, providing the functional (physiological) data. This model can be used for subject‐specific simulations of respiration physiology, gas exchange, and aerosol inhalation and deposition.
Enhanced photosynthesis, carbohydrates, and energy metabolism associated with chitosan‐induced drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass
Authors: Liu Zhaoqiao , Liu Ting , Liang Linlin , Li Zhou , Hassan Muhammad Jawad , Peng Yan , Wang Duo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChitosan (CTS) is involved in regulating tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. The objectives of this study were to examine whether exogenous application of CTS could improve drought tolerance of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) and reveal CTS‐regulated mechanisms of drought tolerance. Antioxidant enzyme activities, photosynthesis, and metabolic pathways of amino acids, carbohydrates, and energy production were measured. Plants pretreated with or without 100 mg CTS L−1 were subjected to well‐watered or drought stress conditions for 14 d in growth chambers. The increase in endogenous CTS content by foliar spray of exogenous CTS significantly improved drought tolerance of creeping bentgrass as demonstrated by increased relative water content, cell membrane stability, photochemical efficiency, photosynthesis, and performance index on absorption basis under drought stress. The CTS application significantly reduced drought‐caused oxidative damage by enhancing total antioxidant capacity and activating superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. During drought stress, pretreatment with CTS promoted water use efficiency, carbohydrate (sucrose and glucose) accumulation, energy production, and metabolic homeostasis. Chitosan treatment did not have an effect on proline accumulation and metabolism. Improved γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation, pyruvic acid, and chlorophyll content in leaves were found due to CTS treatment under drought stress. Results indicate that the CTS plays a positive role in regulating drought tolerance of creeping bentgrass by altering antioxidant, energy supply, and metabolic homeostasis.
A counter‐narrative of curriculum enrichment in performative times
Authors: Livingston Kay , Doherty Catherine 
Published: February 2020

Political pressures to improve schooling outcomes have typically narrowed the curriculum to that which can be measured. We explore the counter‐narrative of efforts to enrich curriculum with learning, which is difficult to measure but nevertheless valued, through a study of British Council programmes offered in Scottish schools to support curricular internationalisation. These programmes exemplify a growing number of programmes provided by external organisations to enrich official school curriculum. However, the contemporary focus on performative targets means that such hosted programmes need to argue their relevance in terms of measurable curricular outcomes. We draw on an empirical project involving semi‐structured interviews with school leaders and focus groups with teachers in Scottish schools. The research is conceptualised through Bernstein’s theory of the classification and framing of knowledge, and distinction between visible and invisible pedagogies. Analysis of two schools’ enactment of such curricular enrichment explores how programmes ostensibly cultivating international education and global citizenship are ultimately assessed and defended through their contribution to other curricular outcomes. This counter‐narrative of curricular enrichment in performative times asks whether such efforts to measure the ineffable defeat the object of the exercise, to highlight how overly simplistic measures of curricular learning can distort what matters.
Variation of chemical compounds in wild Heliconiini reveals ecological factors involved in the evolution of chemical defenses in mimetic butterflies
Authors: Sculfort Ombeline , de Castro Erika C. P. , Kozak Krzysztof M. , Bak Søren , Elias Marianne , Nay Bastien , Llaurens Violaine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEvolutionary convergence of color pattern in mimetic species is tightly linked with the evolution of chemical defenses. Yet, the evolutionary forces involved in natural variations of chemical defenses in aposematic species are still understudied. Herein, we focus on the evolution of chemical defenses in the butterfly tribe Heliconiini. These neotropical butterflies contain large concentrations of cyanogenic glucosides, cyanide‐releasing compounds acting as predator deterrent. These compounds are either de novo synthesized or sequestered from their Passiflora host plant, so that their concentrations may depend on host plant specialization and host plant availability. We sampled 375 wild Heliconiini butterflies across Central and South America, covering 43% species of this clade, and quantify individual variations in the different CGs using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We detected new compounds and important variations in chemical defenses both within and among species. Based on the most recent and well‐studied phylogeny of Heliconiini, we show that ecological factors such as mimetic interactions and host plant specialization have a significant association with chemical profiles, but these effects are largely explained by phylogenetic relationships. Our results therefore suggest that shared ancestries largely contribute to chemical defense variation, pointing out at the interaction between historical and ecological factors in the evolution of Müllerian mimicry.