bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rippled scales in a geothermal facility in the Bavarian Molasse Basin: a key to understand the calcite scaling process
Authors: Köhl Bernhard , Grundy James , Baumann Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMineral precipitates, scales, are wide-spread in geothermal facilities and hamper technical and economic efficiency. Scales reported from earlier studies in the Bavarian Molasse Basin consisted mostly of calcite, appeared rather homogeneous, grew flat and perpendicular to the surface, and showed little or no internal macrostructure apart from small gradients in crystal size and chemical composition. In this study, we investigated extraordinary calcite scales collected from the inlet chamber of a heat exchanger. These scales showed current ripples and a sequence of coarse and dense layers. By an extensive investigation of the ripples, the hydrochemistry, and by the application of existing empirical equations, the formation of the ripple scales could be reconstructed: Due to degassing of$${\text {CO}}_{2}$$CO2in the geothermal pump calcite scales precipitated on the pipes of the ground-level facilities. During maintenance works, these scales were partially dissolved, and remobilized as individual mobile grains. These particles subsequently settled again, and solidified as ripple scales in the horizontal pipes at surface level. For this ripple forming process, flow had to be small, because otherwise the ripples would have been altered or washed away. After deposition of the ripple structure, a dense new calcite layer precipitated on top of the ripples, and stabilized it due to transitory supersaturation. This sequence of ripples and a dense calcite cover layer is repeated two times. Finally, during start-up of regular plant operation, the whole composite scale was remobilized and got washed into the inlet chamber of a heat exchanger. The investigation presented here indicates that this type of calcite scale only forms in geothermal facilities in the Bavarian Molasse Basin if certain flow and hydrochemical conditions are present during the maintenance procedure.
Finding counterfeited banknotes: the roles of vision and touch
Authors: van der Horst Frank , Snell Joshua , Theeuwes Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCentral banks incorporate various security features in their banknotes to enable themselves, the general public, retailers and professional cash handlers to detect counterfeits. In two field experiments, we tested central bank counterfeit experts and non-experts (the general public) in their ability to detect counterfeited euro banknotes. We varied exposure duration and perceptual modality (sight, touch or both). The counterfeit banknotes were actual counterfeits taken out of circulation. Experiment 1, in which participants only viewed the banknotes, showed that experts did reasonably well in detecting counterfeits even when exposure duration was limited to 500 ms. Non-experts did not reach the criterion for decent performance, marked by d’ = 1.25, although they did perform above chance. In Experiment 2, participants could both see and touch the banknotes, which resulted in better performance especially with longer exposure durations. The main finding of the current study is that visual information mostly impacts the decision-making process during the first glance, whereas tactile information increasingly aids performance as it continues to be accrued over time. Implications for the design of security features of new banknotes are discussed.
Vitamin D serum level in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Okasha Tarek A. , Sabry Walaa M. , Hashim Mostafa A. , Abdeen Mai S. , Abdelhamid Abdelhamid M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Vitamin D is involved in many brain processes including neurological immune process, regulation of neurological factors, and neuroplasticity. Some studies have linked low serum vitamin D to major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia, while others have not shown any relationship. The study aimed to assess vitamin D level in patients with depression and those with schizophrenia. Sixty participants were recruited from outpatient clinics of the Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. The sample was divided into three groups: group A, 20 patients with MDD; group B, 20 patients with schizophrenia, and group C, 20 healthy control subjects. Ain Shams Psychiatry Clinical Interview was used to gather demographic data, and Structured Clinical interview (SCID-I) and laboratory vitamin D serum levels (ELISA) were applied to subjects.

Results
Eighty-five percent of patients with MDD and 80% of patients with schizophrenia had below normal vitamin D serum level. Compared to controls, vitamin D serum concentration in patients with MDD was statistically significantly lower than controls, while schizophrenia had vitamin D level lower than did control group but higher level than patients with MDD. However, vitamin D level failed to differentiate between patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and those with MDD.

Conclusions
Patients with MDD and those with schizophrenia demonstrated lower vitamin D level compared with health controls. There was no statistically significant difference in vitamin D level between patients with MDD and those with schizophrenia.
Temporalities and the conservation of cultural relic protection units: legislative, economic and citizen times of the Bugaoli community in globalising Shanghai
Authors: Zhu Kaiyi , Hein Carola M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince the establishment of treaty ports in the mid-19th century, the urban development of many Chinese cities, and notably of Shanghai, has been heavily influenced by global economic flows and global urban and architectural practices. In Shanghai, extensive lilong neighbourhoods stand as remnants of the treaty port era. Many of these historic districts are in close proximity to rapidly transforming areas of the city, creating civic tension around demolition, conservation and the redevelopment of colonial heritage. Examining the listed Bugaoli community in Shanghai’s old French Concession, the heritage strategies applied under the particular Cultural Relics Protection System (CRPS), and the discourse of local residents interviewed in the context of this project, this paper reveals the paradoxes around urban heritage conservation and urban development by considering three different temporalities: legislative time, economic time and citizen time. The paper argues that actors involved in heritage practices should consider both space and time related issues in urban heritage conservation. Historic communities such as Bugaoli experience conflicts between conservation and the demands of everyday life. They underline and require a heritage strategy that acknowledges diverse temporalities and balances legal norms, economic interests and the public’s demands.
Donor-Acceptor Triads Composed of Tetrathiafulvalene and Benzoquinone Fused by Benzene-Spacers: Application to the Positive Electrode Materials for Use in Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Yamauchi Tomokazu , Hirabayashi Wataru , Yoshimura Aya , Yao Masaru , Misaki Yohji 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Donor-acceptor triads composed of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and benzoquinone (BQ) fused by a benzene-spacer (3, 4) were successfully synthesized. In the cyclic voltammetry, the bis[(2-ethyl)hexylthio]-4 (4e) exhibited five-pairs of one-electron transfer waves corresponding to the formation of both reduction and oxidation states from −1 to +4. The 3/Li cell exhibited high discharge energy density exceeding 700 mWh g−1.
Design of Porous Coordination Materials with Dynamic Properties
Authors: Hosono Nobuhiko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Incorporating soft and dynamic elements into crystalline porous materials with hard and static structures can be of immense utility. To this end, herein, the design of functional porous materials and their dynamic properties are described. Dynamic molecular elements were incorporated in porous coordination polymers (PCPs)/metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to realize responsive and high-performance porous systems. The dynamic nature of the PCPs/MOFs was directly visualized in real-time via atomic-force microscopy. Additionally, by combining the concepts of soft matter dynamics and porous material chemistry, a new class of porous materials, possessing both fluidity and porosity, could be fabricated. By focusing on the dynamic properties of materials, functional nanoporous systems could be designed, leading to the development of next-generation porous materials.
Μαθαίνοντας διασκεδαστικά συνδυάζοντας Φυσική και Φυσική Αγωγή
Authors: Ζερβάκη Ε. , Eλευθερίου Μ. 
Published: August 2020

Σε αυτήν την εργασία παρουσιάζουμε πώς μπορούμε να κατανοήσουμε καλύτερα έννοιες της Φυσικής οι οποίες συναντώνται στον αθλητισμό και στη Φυσική Αγωγή. Τα μαθήματα πραγματοποιήθηκαν κατά τη διάρκεια της Α Γυμνασίου και κατά τη διάρκεια της επόμενης χρονιάς, στη Β Γυμνασίου στο Πρότυπο Πειραματικό Γυμνάσιο Ηρακλείου. Την πρώτη χρονιά κάναμε σωματομετρήσεις και μετρήσεις αθλητικών ικανοτήτων, ενώ στη Β Γυμνασίου κάναμε μετρήσεις χρόνου ώστε να βρούμε την ταχύτητά μας. Η ανάλυση των μετρήσεών μας έγινε με τη βοήθεια προγράμματος Πληροφορικής ενώ η επεξήγησή τους έγινε με τη βοήθεια του μαθήματος της Φυσικής αλλά και της Βιολογίας. Οι διδασκαλίες αυτές ήταν διαθεματικές, βιωματικές και ταυτόχρονα διασκεδαστικές.
Performance monitoring and accountability: The Agile Project’s protocol, record and experience
Authors: Tsui Amy , Anglewicz Philip , Akinlose Titilope , Srivatsan Varsha , Akilimali Pierre , Alzouma Souleymane , Bazie Fiacre , Gichangi Peter , Guiella Georges , Kayembe Patrick , Mehrotra Anupam , OlaOlorun Funmilola , Omoluabi Elizabeth , Oumarou Sani , Sodani P. R. , Thiongo Mary , Byrne Meagan , Dreger Kurt , Decker Michele , Cardona Carolina , Muhoza Pierre , Combs Carolyn , Koffi Alain K. , Radloff Scott 
Published: August 2020

The Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 (PMA2020) project implemented a multi-country sub-project called PMA Agile, a system of continuous data collection for a probability sample of urban public and private health facilities and their clients that began November 2017 and concluded December 2019. The objective was to monitor the supply, quality and consumption of family planning services. In total, across 14 urban settings, nearly 2300 health facilities were surveyed three to six times in two years and a total sample of 48,610 female and male clients of childbearing age were interviewed in Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Kenya, Niger and Nigeria. Consenting female clients with access to a cellphone were re-interviewed by telephone after four months; two rounds of the client exit, and follow-up interviews were conducted in nearly all settings. This paper reports on the PMA Agile data system protocols, coverage and early experiences. An online dashboard is publicly accessible, analyses of measured trends are underway, and the data are publicly available.
Pharmaceutical industry, academia and people with experience of mental illness as partners in research: a need for ethical guidance
Authors: Lignou Sapfo , Singh Ilina 
Published: August 2020

Background: Several social and policy developments have led to research partnerships in mental health research, which depart from traditional research models. One form of such partnerships is among research institutions, industry (pharmaceutical and biotech) and people with lived experience of mental illness (RIPs). There are several benefits but also ethical challenges in RIPs. An ethics-based approach to anticipating and addressing such ethical issues in mental health research is lacking. Given the expansion of RIPs in treatment development for mental health illness, guidance to support ethical and trustworthy collaborative mental health research projects is essential. Methods: To develop a moral framework for evaluating the ethics of RIPs, we systematically searched PubMed for peer-reviewed literature discussing good practices in research partnerships. Searches were also conducted in websites of known organizations supporting patient engagement with industry in mental health research and in the references of short-listed articles. Following application of exclusion criteria, remaining articles were critically examined and summarised to synthesise principles for ethically acceptable RIPs and inform clear guidance and practices. Results: Critical analysis and synthesis of the short-listed articles highlighted the need for two sets of principles to guide ethical RIPs: principles for (a) RIPs as a trustworthy enterprise (e.g. public accountability, transparency) and (b) fair RIPs (e.g. effective governance, respect). We discuss the application of these principles in problem-solving strategies that can support best practice in establishing fair and successful mental health research partnerships among research institutions, industry and people with lived experience of mental illness. Conclusions: Ethical guidance is needed to prevent and address challenges in RIPs and to promote the scientific and social benefits of these new research partnership models in mental health research. We show how the proposed moral framework can guide research partners in designing, sustaining and assessing ethical and trustworthy collaborative mental health research projects.
Contornos da prosa modernista em The Waves
Authors: Marouvo Fagundes Patricia 
Published: August 2020

Este artigo busca investigar a maneira como a forma do romance The Waves (1931), de Virginia Woolf, se instaura como expressão de sua prosa modernista, política e feminista. As diferentes vozes das seis personagens principais são atravessadas pelo tempo, da infância à velhice, e entre elas são inseridos interlúdios que, reunidos, apresentam o decorrer de um dia, instâncias paralelas que se interpenetram na complementaridade entre ser humano e natureza de que faz parte. A enorme importância que a autora sempre deu para a forma de seus textos é inegável, em especial ao explorá-la ao máximo, a ponto de esgarçar as fronteiras entre os gêneros literários e não-literários. Por meio de um apanhado de seus ensaios e passagens de seus diários, além da contribuição de textos seminais da crítica woolfiana, propõe-se que uma forma significante se avulta à maneira de recorte e colagem de cores e brilhos, luzes e sombras que encerrem a multiplicidade una que o todo de um mosaico compõe.
CULTURA MAKER NA EDUCAÇÃO ATRAVÉS DO SCRATCH VISANDO O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO PENSAMENTO COMPUTACIONAL DOS ESTUDANTES DO 5° ANO DE UMA ESCOLA DO CAMPO DA CIDADE DE OLINDA-PE
Authors: Vieira Sebastiao da Silva , Sabbatini Marcelo 
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho aborda a criação de uma cultura maker no espaço escolar através do uso do software Scratch como uma ferramenta educacional no Ensino Fundamental inicias visando o desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional, como o ensino de lógica, programação, com um grupo de alunos do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental anos iniciais de uma Escola Municipal, promovendo nos estudantes a criatividade, ludicidade, produção de conteúdos e o trabalho colaborativo. O objetivo é analisar como o Scratch potencializa o desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional nos estudantes do Ensino Fundamental anos iniciais de uma Escola Rural da cidade de Olinda -PE. Através da criação de Espaço Maker, como uma proposta de inserção da cultura Maker em sala de aula. Visando a participação dos estudantes de forma crítica, lúdica e colaborativa. Os resultados mostram que o uso do software Scratch promoveu nos estudantes um estímulo e curiosidade em aprender a criação de jogos digitais, a lógica e programação e o desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional. A metodologia utilizada de caráter qualitativo, empregando entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante, mediada por desafios, questionamentos e problemas. Eles eram desafiados a criar jogos digitais e histórias interativas, com os personagens dos jogos criados. Os estudantes mostraram interesse, curiosidade e espontaneidade ao resolver os problemas propostos. Observou-se que o Scratch é um importante aliado no processo de uma aprendizagem criativa fazendo com que o estudante participe ativamente, visto que trabalha no aprendiz algo tido como primordial na aprendizagem, que é a motivação. O uso do Scratch acerca do pensamento computacional é fundamental para que a escola possa criar espaços de desenvolvimento de programas como Scratch que desperte nos estudantes a cultura maker “o fazer com as próprias mãos” colocando a mão na massa e sendo criadores de conhecimento, ao invés de consumidores passiv
Maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain and birth outcome among puerperal women in the Tamale metropolis of Ghana
Authors: Puotege Sheila k , Seidu Mariama , Kangkpi Louisa , Yussif Abdul Rauf Mariam , Yakong Vida Nyagre , Mumuni Abdul Nashirudeen 
Published: August 2020

Background/Aims Maternal, fetal and child health are of key public health concerns, globally. Both pregestational body mass index and gestational weight gain are critical players in maternal health, fetal development and delivery outcome. This study investigated the association between maternal assumed pregestational body mass index, gestational weight gain and outcomes of deliveries among puerperal mothers in the Tamale metropolis of Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional randomised descriptive study was conducted at the postnatal and neonatal intensive care units of the state-owned hospitals in the Tamale metropolis. The mothers' body mass index at their first antenatal care clinic was assumed to be their pregestational body mass index. Maternal gestational weight gain was calculated using the last gestational weight before onset of labour. Participants also responded to structured questionnaires with questions on their sociodemographic characteristics and intra-pregnancy behaviours. Additionally, information on their obstetric and gynaecological history, and their delivery outcome were collected. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests, with significance set at P<0.05. Results A total of 450 puerperal mothers were involved in this study with a mean age of 29±1.79 years. Maternal body mass indexes at first antenatal clinic visit were predominantly typical (41.8%) or overweight (42.0%). At delivery, 46.4% of mothers had typical gestational weight gain, while the majority (53.6%, P=0.0387) had anomalous gestational weight gain. Strikingly, 72.9% of mothers who had a healthy body mass index at the first antenatal clinic visit experienced anomalous gestational weight gain. Caesarean section delivery was significantly prevalent among pregnant women who had typical gestational weight gain (P=0.0014). Also, episiotomy was significantly linked to typical gestational weight gain (P=0.0448), but not mothers who were overweight before conception (P=0.2692), irrespective of their gestational weight status. Conclusions Anomalous gestational weight gain is high among puerperal mothers in the Tamale metropolis, and suggests contributory roles in adverse maternal and fetal health. A comprehensive gestational weight management education programme for women in the metropolis could help curb the burden of anomalous gestational weight gain.
Inverse Association of Coffee with Liver Cancer Development: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bhurwal Abhishek , Ratta Puru , Yoshitake Sho , Pioppo Lauren , Reja Debashish , Dellatore Peter , Rustgi Vinod 
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims: Coffee consumption has been suggested to reduce the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While several studies report inverse correlation with coffee drinking, others have suggested more than 2 cups of coffee every day decrease the risk of liver cancer or HCC. However, controversy exists about the exact dose that would provide protective benefit. Therefore, we aimed to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of all studies that investigated the association of coffee consumption and risk of HCC and/or liver cancer. Our outcomes were the evaluation of the association of coffee with HCC or liver cancer development along with the amount of coffee needed to prevent HCC or liver cancer.
Methods: We performed a PubMed/MEDLINE/EMBASE/Ovid/Google Scholar search of original articles published in English from 1996 to June 2019, on case-control or cohort or prospective studies that associated coffee with liver cancer or HCC. We calculated the relative risk (RR) of the two conditions for coffee drinking and then stratified this into increments of one cup of coffee per day. Twenty studies were identified. The analysis was performed using random effects models from the methods of DerSimonian and Laird with inverse variance weighting. The Cochrane Q and the I 2 statistics were calculated to assess heterogeneity between studies. A p<0.10 value for chi-square test and I 2 <20% were interpreted as low-level heterogeneity. Probability of publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and with the Egger’s test.
Results: The overall RR was 0.69 (95%CI 0.56-0.85; p<0.001) with significant heterogeneity between the studies. We performed subgroup analysis over the increments of 1 cup of coffee. Higher doses of coffee consumption were associated with a significant decrease in the risks of developing HCC or liver cancer. The funnel plot did not show significant publication bias.
Conclusions: Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that drinking coffee provides benefits with a reduction in the risk of HCC or liver cancer. Higher doses of coffee have higher benefits in terms of risk reduction. However, further biological and epidemiological studies are required to determine the exact mechanism and to study specific subgroups such as viral hepatitis B or C related HCC.
Communication in Pediatric Oncology: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sisk Bryan A. , Friedrich Annie , Blazin Lindsay J. , Baker Justin N. , Mack Jennifer W. , DuBois James 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:
When children are seriously ill, parents rely on communication with their clinicians. However, in previous research, researchers have not defined how this communication should function in pediatric oncology. We aimed to identify these communication functions from parental perspectives.

METHODS:
Semistructured interviews with 78 parents of children with cancer from 3 academic medical centers at 1 of 3 time points: treatment, survivorship, or bereavement. We analyzed interview transcripts using inductive and deductive coding.

RESULTS:
We identified 8 distinct functions of communication in pediatric oncology. Six of these functions are similar to previous findings from adult oncology: (1) building relationships, (2) exchanging information, (3) enabling family self-management, (4) making decisions, (5) managing uncertainty, and (6) responding to emotions. We also identified 2 functions not previously described in the adult literature: (7) providing validation and (8) supporting hope. Supporting hope manifested as emphasizing the positives, avoiding false hopes, demonstrating the intent to cure, and redirecting toward hope beyond survival. Validation manifested as reinforcing “good parenting” beliefs, empowering parents as partners and advocates, and validating concerns. Although all functions seemed to interact, building relationships appeared to provide a relational context in which all other interpersonal communication occurred.

CONCLUSIONS:
Parent interviews provided evidence for 8 distinct communication functions in pediatric oncology. Clinicians can use this framework to better understand and fulfill the communication needs of parents whose children have serious illness. Future work should be focused on measuring whether clinical teams are fulfilling these functions in various settings and developing interventions targeting these functions.