bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ОРИЕНТИРЫ ГРУЗИНО-ОСЕТИНСКОГО ЭТНИЧЕСКОГО ПРОТИВОСТОЯНИЯ В ПЕРВОЙ ДЕМОКРАТИЧЕСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ
Authors: MGHEBRISHVILI Aleksandre 
Published: November 2019

После революции 1917 года
Грузия оказалась перед абсолютно новой реальностью. На протяжении вековой
неволи одним единственным пунктом Георгиевского трактата, которого Российская
Империя соблюдала - было укрепление
границ и защита Грузии от внешних врагов. Хотя было очевидно, что проводимая
Российской Империей политика по защите границ была обусловлена не
обязательством России по соблюдении данного артикуля трактата, а диктовалась ее
собственными государственными интересами. Факт нарушения в постреволюционной
России и этого, единственно выполняемого пункта соглашения являлся важнейшим по своей значимости и ставил
территориальную целостность Грузии перед реальной опасностью, идущей с одной
стороны – от Турции, проявляющей
активность, а сдругой стороны от возникшим на севере
большевизмом.Грузинский
народ, в сознании которого напрочь засела и не давала покоя мысль о
восстановлении утерянной, насилу отобранной независимости, оказался перед
необходимостью принятия важнейших решений. Естественно, идея эта не являлась
новой. Идущий от “Тергдалеулни” национально-освободительный заряд способствовал рождению в Париже в 1903
году периодического, носившего национально-революционный характер издания “Сакартвело”. Оно первым официально выдвинуло требование о государственности Грузии с форматом национально-территориальной
автономии, и более того, вынесло эту мысль за пределы, поставив в Европе вопрос
о национальной свободе грузинского народа.

Несмотря на
то, что Георгиевский трактат явился по сути лишь соглашением между союзниками,
и никак не подразумевал лишения независимости и суверенитета Грузии, он с
момента появления на свет служил только
имперским интересам России и на век своего существования с каждым днем все
дороже обходился грузинскому обществу.
THE IDEOLOGY OF THE INVESTMENT LAW REFORM IN CHINA
Authors: Skvortsov O. Yu. 
Published: November 2019

The paper considers the reform of the Chinese legislation regulating foreign investments carried out in 2019. The author aims to identify the principles on which the reform was based, which took the form of the law on foreign investment. The methods of comparative analysis of accepted norms and those norms that have been audited were used. The revealed principles were analyzed from the point of view of their system. As a result of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion about the fundamental principle underlying the reform — the principle of openness. However, the specification of this principle is possible through the formation of legal mechanisms that ensure its implementation. Thus, the Chinese legislator establishes equality of the Chinese and foreign investors, uses the receptions of legal writing worked out in the previous period, forms the system for ensuring administrative-legal and judicial protection of the rights of foreign investors. At the same time, the emerging regulation is largely focused on those standards of investment regulation that have developed in international practice. This suggests that the Chinese authorities are "denationalizing" investment regimes. In general, the paper concludes that, despite the progressive nature of the adopted Law, it is largely based on the legal and technical methods developed in the previous period. In addition, a significant part of the norms is declarative and requires the adoption of additional regulations establishing the mechanism of implementation of the Law. At the same time, the paper predicts the problems that will manifest themselves in the process of applying the Law and which, most likely, will be overcome by judicial practice.
A Compreensão do Humano Alicerçada na Percepção de Nussbaum
Authors: Deggerone Rosmari , Cenci Ângelo Vitório 
Published: November 2019

Neste estudo tem-se a pretensão de fazer uma tentativa de a partir da percepção da pesquisadora Nussbaum, responder, ao menos em parte, como a emoção expressa a condição e a vulnerabilidade humana que constitui o ser humano ao longo da trajetória e da finitude da vida. O artigo é delimitado por três subtítulos: o primeiro enfoca o ser humano e a condição humana. A seguir, aborda a vulnerabilidade e o ser humano. E, no terceiro, tematiza as emoções e o argumento ético. As obras como: El cultivo de la humanidade: Una defesa clásica de la reforma en la educación liberal (2005), El ocultamiento de lo humano: repugnancia, vergȕenza y ley (2006), Paisajes del pensamiento: la inteligencia de las emociones (2012), Educação e Justiça Social (2014) e Sem fins lucrativos: por que a democracia precisa das humanidades (2015) são o embasamento teórico para o estudo.
"A escola é o corre pra você ir embora”:
Authors: Valério de Carvalho Valéria Regina , De Oliviera Penna Marieta Gouvêa 
Published: November 2019

Esta pesquisa tem como tema a relação do aluno que cumpre medida socioeducativa de internação com os processos de escolarização. A pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender o sentido do trabalho escolar desenvolvido na Fundação CASA, a partir da perspectiva do adolescente autor de ato infracional em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação. Problematizou-se sobre a relação que estes adolescentes estabelecem com a escola, por meio da análise de suas trajetórias anteriores até a atual situação escolar, vivenciada na referida Fundação. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com seis adolescentes internados. A análise foi realizada com base nos conceitos ofício de aluno, sentido do trabalho escolar e relação com o saber, oriundos do referencial teórico dos autores Perrenoud (1995) e Charlot (2005). Como resultados da pesquisa, percebeu-se, a existência de uma relação truncada destes jovens com a escola, anterior à internação, pois vivenciaram trajetórias permeadas por situações de abandono, reprovações e expulsões. Contraditoriamente, foi possível evidenciar que, de algum modo, no ambiente de internação, estabelecem uma nova relação com a escola, que se mostra positiva, conforme seus relatos, embora também seja utilitarista e estratégica, pois está atrelada à questão de sua desinternação.
Palavras-chave: Escolarização. Trabalho escolar. Saber escolar. Adolescente em conflito com a lei.
The problem of improving the quality of seriously issued certified reference materials of the composition of gas mixtures
Authors: Konopelko L. A. , Kolobova A. V. , Fatina O. V. 
Published: November 2019

Currently, in the Russian Federation, the metrological traceability of certified reference materials of the composition of gas mixtures in cylinders under pressure produced by manufacturers of certified reference materials is carried out in accordance with GOST 8.578-2014. Considering that certified reference materials of the composition of gas mixtures in cylinders under pressure are used for testing to approye the type of measuring instruments, verification, calibration, and graduation of gas-analytical measuring instruments used to control explosive gases and vapors, harmful components in the atmospheric air and the air of the working area, emissions from vehicles and enterprises, to control technological processes, the quality of hydrocarbon products, etc., the issue of ensuring the quality of seriously produced certified reference materials (about 100.000 cylinders with gas mixtures per year) is important. To ensure the quality of certified reference materials of gas mixtures in cylinders under pressure, mass-produced by manufacturers of certified reference materials, we offer the following actions:– manufacturers of certified reference materials’ passing of mandatory accreditation for compliance with the requirements of GOST ISO Guide 34–2014 and GOST ISO Guide 35–2015;– manufacturers of certified reference materials’ constant participation in the proficiency testing programs through interlaboratory tests;– actualizing and refining the existing set of standards defining the requirements for the entire life cycle of a certified reference material of a gas mixture in a cylinder under pressure;– improving the method of certification of a reference material by calculating the value of the expanded uncertainty of the reference material and the introducting a new coefficient «technological reserve».
Strategi Penerapan Sistem Keamanan Pada Desain Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II Di Surakarta
Authors: Yanarsya Reysa , Nugroho Rachmadi , Wahyuwibowo Agung Kumoro 
Published: November 2019

<p class="AbstractTitle"><em><span>The role of level II prison in Surakarta as a supporter of the correctional system is based on three aspects. The first aspect is to overcome the problem of prisoners' excess capacity in Indonesia by building prisons in every district or city so that the handling and placement of prisoners are at their place of origin. Second, Surakarta is a city that contributes to the second highest crime rate in Central Java and the lack of optimal correctional facilities that already exist. Third, the security aspects are the most important factor in establishing prison buildings, because in this era, security is not only done manually but also electronically. The combination of the two security systems can provide the concept of a more modern prison design. The discussion method applied from the beginning to the completion of the design is through the stages of problem identification and exploration, stages of data collection through precedent studies, interviews, observations, and security system theory literature. Then the analysis stages that combine data obtained with theories related to prison buildings. The results of the overall analysis include five concepts of designing prison security system design concepts in the form of deter, detect, delay, halt, and minimize.</span></em></p>
A Model of Oil-Water Coning for 2-D Areal Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Chappelear J. E. , Hirasaki G. J. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
A model for oil-water coning in a partially perforated well has been developed and tested by comparison with numerical simulations. The effect of oil-water coning, including down coning of oil, on field production is demonstrated by studying a small water-drive reservoir whose complete production data is known.
The coning model is derived by assuming vertical equilibrium and segregated flow. A necessary correction for departure from vertical equilibrium in the immediate neighborhood of the well is developed. The coning model is suitable for single well studies or for inclusion in a reservoir simulator for two-dimensional areal studies.
Non-uinform gut microbiota alteration patterns associated with therapeutic outcomes in an Alzheimer's disease animal model
Authors: Wang Min , Amakye William Kwame , Cao Jianing , Gong Congcong , Sun Xiaoyu , Yao Maojin , Ren Jiaoyan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with the progression of beta-amyloid (Aβ) pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We aimed to identify uniform Aβ-responsible gut microbiota status as possible guideline for gut microbiota manipulation and the prediction of outcomes of microbiota targeted treatments. Six months old APP/PS1 mice from the same genetic background, housing and feeding conditions were then daily gavage with Metformin, peptides WN5 or PW5 to manipulate the gut microbiota for 12 weeks. Aβ pathology and gut microbiota were then explored and compared.
Results: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from a 16 month old APP/PS1 mouse reconstituted the gut microbiota towards the donor and increased Aβ pathology in APP/PS1 mouse model. Metformin, peptides WN5 and PW5 all attenuated Aβ-plaque formation in APP/PS1 mouse model but each was associated with distinct gut microbiota status. No uniform gut microbiota pattern associated with Aβ pathology was found among different gut microbiota-targeted treatments.
Conclusion: We found no uniform gut microbiota status associated with Aβ pathology suggesting gut microbiota status is not a suitable biomarker for AD diagnosis and treatment predictions. Alteration of gut microbiota in itself may not be sufficiently directly related to functional outcomes and might only be a shadow of deeper molecular mechanisms not fully understood. The findings here strongly suggested that the significance of gut microbiota alteration in disease pathology and treatment may have so far been over claimed and that interpretation of gut microbiota data should be done with utmost caution.
Protein kinase A is involved in neuropathic pain by activating the p38MAPK pathway to mediate spinal cord cell apoptosis
Authors: Deng Yajun , Yang Liang , Xie Qiqi , Yang Fengbiao , Li Guoqiang , Zhang Guangzhi , Li Shaoping , Wu Zuolong , Wang Jing , Kang Xuewen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Neuropathic pain is a serious clinical problem to be solved. Protein kinase A (PKA) is widely distributed in the central nervous system and participates in various signal transduction pathways to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, it is unclear whether PKA is involved in neuropathic pain. This study aimed to investigate PKA expression in neuropathic pain and its possible mechanisms of involvement. Methods: The mRNA expression dataset of neuropathic pain (GSE24982) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the R software. DEGs were subjected to Gene Ontology term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING database, and the Cytoscape plug-in cytoHubba was used to screen for hub genes. A spared nerve injury (SNI) rat model was established and the paw withdrawal threshold was determined using von Frey filaments. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression and cellular localization of key proteins in the spinal cord, respectively. Western blotting, ELISA, and TUNEL assays were used to detect cell signal transduction, inflammation, and apoptosis, respectively. Results: Among 449 DEGs and 20 hub genes, PKA was identified as a key gene involved in neuropathic pain. After SNI, mechanical allodynia occurred, PKA expression in the spinal cord increased, the p38MAPK pathway was activated, and spinal cord inflammation and apoptosis occurred in rats. Immunofluorescence staining showed that PKA colocalized with neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, and TUNEL with GFAP, Iba-1, Neun double labeling showed that apoptotic cells were mainly neurons. Intrathecal injection of a PKA inhibitor not only relieved mechanical hyperalgesia, inflammatory reaction, and apoptosis in SNI rats, but also inhibited p38MAPK pathway activation. Intrathecal injection of a p38MAPK inhibitor attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia, inflammatory reaction, and apoptosis, but did not affect PKA expression. Conclusions: PKA is involved in neuropathic pain by activating the p38MAPK pathway to mediate spinal cord cell apoptosis. This study provides novel insights that my aid in the elucidation of the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain.
Argon reduces microglia activation and ramification dependent inflammatory cytokine expression in the retina
Authors: Goebel Ulrich , Scheid Stefanie , Spassov Sashko , Schallner Nils , Wollborn Jakob , Buerkle Hartmut , Ulbrich Felix 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Perioperative damage of neuronal tissue due to insufficient cerebral circulation as a result of hypotension or stroke, lead to permanent destruction and functional impairment via apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. Recently, the noble gas argon has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. Despite intensive research, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Methods: In-vitro, after injury of human neuroblastoma cells with rotenone over a period of four hours, postconditioning with argon 75 Vol% was performed for 2. In-vivo, retinal ischemia reperfusion injury in the rat was induced by increasing intraocular pressure for 1 hour (h). Upon reperfusion, argon was administered by inhalation for 2 h. Results: In summary, argon reduced binding activity of transcription factors involved in regulation of neuronal damage such as STAT3 (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), NF-kB (Nuclear factor `kappa-light-chain-enhancer´ of activated B-cells), AP-1 (Activator protein 1) and Nrf-2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). Flow cytometry analysis showed that argon down-regulated the Fas-Ligand. Since some of these transcription factors were regulated via toll-like receptors (TLR), their effects could be eliminated - at least in part - by OxPAPC (TLR2 and -4 inhibitor). Argon was able to reduce the quantity and the activity of neuronal microglia after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Consecutively, qPCR (quantitative Polymerase chain reaction) showed a reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α (Interleukin-1α), IL-1ß (Interleukin-1ß), IL-6 (Interleukin 6), TNFα (Tumor necrosis factor alpha) and iNOS (inducible Nitric oxide synthase). Conclusion: Argon reduced the extent of inflammation after neuronal injury by suppression of transcription factors crucial for microglia activation. The therapeutic use of the noble gas would be ideal for treating in the context of neuronal damage due to the lack of known side effects and narcotic properties with preservation of neurological assessability. Although preclinical studies are promising, further investigations are required before argon can be approved for use in patients.
Diazotroph diversity associated with scleractinian corals and its relationships with environmental variables in the South China Sea
Authors: Liang Jiayuan , Yu Kefu , Wang Yinghui , Huang Xueyong , Huang Wen , Qin Zhenjun , Wang Guanghua , Su Hongfei , Chen Biao , Wu Zhengchao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Coral reef ecosystems cannot operate normally without an effective nitrogen cycle. For oligotrophic coral reef areas, coral-associated diazotrophs are indispensable participants in the nitrogen cycle. How coral-associated diazotrophs will change in order to adapt to environmental changes resulting from global warming and human activities is a topic of concern for researchers. To this end, 68 colonies of scleractinian coral were collected from 6 coral reefs areas with different environmental variables in the South China Sea to investigate the composition of associated diazotrophs based on nifH gene amplification using high-throughput sequencing. The six coral reefs can be clearly divided into two types (fringing reefs and island reefs), are affected by varying degrees of human activities and are located at different latitudes from 9°20′06′′N to 22°34′55′′N with different seawater temperatures. Results: Alpha- and beta-diversity analyses showed that the distribution of diazotrophs among coral reefs exhibited greater geographical fluctuations than interspecific fluctuations. The predominant bacterial phyla included Proteobacteria, Chlorobi, Cyanobacteria, and two unclassified phyla. Chlorobi exhibited an abundance of 47–96% in coral samples from the high-latitude Daya Bay fringing reef affected by eutrophication. Unclassified bacteria II, with an abundance of 28–87%, was found in all coral samples from the midlatitude Luhuitou fringing reef affected by eutrophication. However, unclassified bacteria I and Proteobacteria dominated (> 80% abundance) in most of the coral samples from the Weizhou Island fringing reef, which is far from land, and three island reefs (Huangyan Island, Xinyi Reef, and Sanjiao Reef) at relatively low latitudes. At the genus level, some core diazotrophs were found in different coral sample groups. In addition, the correlation analysis with various environmental variables revealed that the variables correlated positively or negatively with different diazotrophic genera. Conclusions: We found that coral-associated diazotrophs were common among coral individuals. The presence of these diazotrophs was not affected by the external environment, but their population abundances were closely related to the different environmental variables. These results provide insights into the ecological characteristics of coral-associated diazotrophs and their relationships with critical environmental variables in the South China Sea.
Clinical Stewardship of Genomic Information in Pediatric Critical Care: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Char Danton , Lee Sandra Soo-Jin , Magnus David 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: As clinical use of genomic sequencing (GS) increases within pediatric critical care, a model of clinical stewardship of genomic information is needed. To better understand in depth the responsibilities and ethical considerations around clinicians’ use of GS in the pediatric critical care context, we undertook this study. Methods: We conducted semi-structured, in-person and telephone interviews of clinicians involved in the care of critically ill children at a high-volume pediatric heart center. We conducted qualitative analysis of transcribed interviews. Results: 35 clinicians were interviewed. Three areas of concern emerged: 1) the costs of acquiring the GS information; 2) resource allocation decisions (medical and financial) that already exist but can be informed by GS findings; and, 3) patient privacy and protecting the genomic information itself in a healthcare context. Conclusions: Three key elements are needed for a model of clinical stewardship of GS in pediatric critical care. First, clinicians using GS need to negotiate the cost burdens and non-financial costs to families and society from GS testing. Second, clinicians need to define how GS improves or alters decision making around scarce resources. Third, clinicians are entrusted with protecting the privacy and sensitivity of their patient’s GS revealed information.
The importance of patient's experience and its impact on healthcare system for people received Chinese medicine
Authors: Chiou Shang-Jyh , Lee Pei-Chen , Lee Li-Hui , Chang Yu-Hsuan , Chen Chen-Hui , Kuo Chen-yin , Lin Kuan-Chia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Health system responsiveness is a complicated issue that guides researchers in determining an efficient methodology to enhance understanding of healthcare systems’ perspectives. Latent class analysis (LCA) helps healthcare professionals to understand discrepancies in patient experience profiles in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and maintain measurability in observational settings. This study examined the relationship between patients’ experience profiles and their satisfaction with medical outcomes.Methods The study focused on an annual National Health Insurance survey examining patients’ experiences with medical services in TCM in 2015. We used 11 items from the LCA to develop patients’ experience profiles. A logistic regression model was developed to explore differences in patients’ satisfaction with their treatment outcome across 4 groups identified via the LCA, with adjustment for demographic factors.Results Participants (N=2012) were divided into four groups. Regardless of gender and age, Group 2 (nall) held the lowest satisfaction with treatment outcome relative to those reported by the other 3 groups (odds ratios with p-value: Group 1 (pall): 7.40, Group 3 (nComm): 1.37, Group 4 (Skip): 2.20, p<0.001). Respondents with a more favorable patient experience reported higher satisfaction with treatment outcome.Conclusions More satisfied patients are more likely to engage in healthy behaviors by complying with treatment recommendations and thus produce better outcomes. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that traditional medicine integrated with Western medicine (WM) can play an important role in achieving the goal of “Health for All.” Health authorities should develop strategies aimed at enhancing patients’ experiences in TCM to contribute to a positive care process.