bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of maternal mental health disorders on stillbirth and infant mortality risk: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adane Akilew A. , Bailey Helen D. , Marriott Rhonda , Farrant Brad M. , White Scott W. , Morgan Vera A. , Shepherd Carrington CJ. 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionMaternal mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression are major public health concerns. Evidence shows a link between maternal mental health disorders and preterm birth and low birth weight. However, the impacts of maternal mental health disorders on stillbirth and infant mortality have been less investigated and inconsistent findings have been reported. Thus, using the available literature, we plan to examine whether prenatal maternal mental health disorders impact the risk of stillbirth and infant mortality.Methods and analysisThis systematic review and meta-analysis will adhere to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and will be registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Systematic searches will be conducted (from database inception to December 2019) in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus for studies examining the association of prenatal mental health disorders and stillbirth and infant mortality. The search will be limited to studies published in English language and in humans only, with no restriction on the year of publication. Two independent reviewers will evaluate records and assess the quality of individual studies. The Newcastle–Ottawa scales and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) approach will be used to assess the methodological quality and bias of the included studies. In addition to a narrative synthesis, a random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted when sufficient data are available. I2 statistics will be used to assess between-study heterogeneity in the estimated effect size.Ethics and disseminationAs it will be a systematic review and meta-analysis based on previously published evidence, there will be no requirement for ethical approval. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at various conferences.PROSPERO registration number159834.
Exercise interventions for mental disorders in young people: a scoping review
Authors: Pascoe Michaela C , Bailey Alan P , Craike Melinda , Carter Tim , Patten Rhiannon , Stepto Nigel K , Parker Alexandra G 
Published: May 2020

AimsThis scoping review determines the breadth and outcomes of controlled trials testing the effect of physical activity/exercise interventions across mental health outcomes in young people with a mental disorder.MethodsThe literature search was conducted using the open-access ‘Evidence Finder’, a comprehensive youth mental health-specific database that is systematically populated from MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane CENTRAL databases.ResultsSixteen publications were identified after meeting the following eligibility criteria: (1) participants were young people (mean age 12–25.9 years) with a mental disorder diagnosed by a trained clinician or by reaching a predefined cut score on a symptom measure, (2) interventions were exercise, (3) designs were randomised or non-randomised controlled trials, (4) outcomes were mental health related. Eight studies included young people with depression, three included people with psychosis/schizophrenia, three included people with eating disorders and two included people with anxiety. The available evidence suggests that moderate-to-vigorous-intensity exercise may be beneficial, particularly for reducing depression. The available evidence for other intervention intensities, and for other mental disorders, is mixed.ConclusionsOverall, the evidence regarding the impact of exercise interventions on a range of mental health outcomes in clinical populations of young people with various mental disorders looks promising but requires further development. Findings from this scoping review can inform the development of future exercise interventions in the youth mental health field.
Limit of detection of troponin discharge strategy versus usual care: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Carlton Edward Watts , Ingram Jenny , Taylor Hazel , Glynn Joel , Kandiyali Rebecca , Campbell Sarah , Beasant Lucy , Aziz Shahid , Beresford Peter , Kendall Jason , Reuben Adam , Smith Jason E , Chapman Rebecca , Creanor Siobhan , Benger Jonathan Richard 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThe clinical effectiveness of a ‘rule-out’ acute coronary syndrome (ACS) strategy for emergency department patients with chest pain, incorporating a single undetectable high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) taken at presentation, together with a non-ischaemic ECG, remains unknown.MethodsA randomised controlled trial, across eight hospitals in the UK, aimed to establish the clinical effectiveness of an undetectable hs-cTn and ECG (limit of detection and ECG discharge (LoDED)) discharge strategy. Eligible adult patients presented with chest pain; the treating clinician intended to perform investigations to rule out an ACS; the initial ECG was non-ischaemic; and peak symptoms occurred <6 hours previously. Participants were randomised 1:1 to either the LoDED strategy or the usual rule-out strategy. The primary outcome was discharge from the hospital within 4 hours of arrival, without a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) within 30 days.ResultsBetween June 2018 and March 2019, 632 patients were randomised; 3 were later withdrawn. Of 629 patients (age 53.8 (SD 16.1) years, 41% women), 7% had a MACE within 30 days. For the LoDED strategy, 141 of 309 (46%) patients were discharged within 4 hours, without MACE within 30 days, and for usual care, 114 of 311 (37%); pooled adjusted OR 1.58 (95% CI 0.84 to 2.98). No patient with an initial undetectable hs-cTn had a MACE within 30 days.ConclusionThe LoDED strategy facilitates safe early discharge in >40% of patients with chest pain. Clinical effectiveness is variable when compared with existing rule-out strategies and influenced by wider system factors.Trial registration numberISRCTN86184521.
CCR5 blockade inflames antitumor immunity in BAP1-mutant clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Quan , Qi Yangyang , Wang Zewei , Zeng Han , Zhang Hongyu , Liu Zhaopei , Huang Qiuren , Xiong Ying , Wang Jiajun , Chang Yuan , Bai Qi , Xia Yu , Wang Yiwei , Liu Li , Xu Le , Dai Bo , Guo Jianming , Zhu Yu , Zhang Weijuan , Xu Jiejie 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundPatients with BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1)-mutant clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have worse prognosis. C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) plays an important role in ccRCC development and its expression is elevated in BAP1-mutant tumors.Methods533 patients with ccRCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort and 797 patients with ccRCC from the Shanghai cohort were enrolled. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted with human ccRCC tumors and murine tumor models. The association between BAP1 and CCR5 or its ligands was assessed by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, real-time PCR and ELISA. Survival was compared between different subpopulations of patients using Kaplan-Meier curve. Therapeutic effect of CCR5 blockade was validated using human ccRCC tumors and murine models.ResultsExpression of CCR5 and its ligands were elevated in BAP1-mutant patients with ccRCC. High CCR5 expression was indicative of poor prognosis in BAP1-low group of patients. CCR5 blockade prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice, resulting in enhanced cytotoxicity of T cells and antigen presentation of dendritic cells but repressed immune checkpoint expression. CCR5 ligands could recruit CCR5+regulatory T cells to the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, BAP1-mutant ccRCC tumor cells secreted CCR5 ligands, which increased programmed cell death ligand 1 expression. However, both processes could be inhibited by CCR5 blockade. Study limitations include the unclear impact of CCR5 expressed by other cell populations.ConclusionsCCR5 in BAP1-mutant ccRCC results in an immune-suppressive microenvironment. Targeting CCR5 could provide a potential therapeutic benefit for patients.Trial registration numberNCT01358721, CA209-009.
Withholding or withdrawing life support in long-term neurointensive care patients: a single-centre, prospective, observational pilot study
Authors: Stefanou Maria-Ioanna , Sulyok Mihaly , Koehnlein Martin , Scheibe Franziska , Fleischmann Robert , Hoffmann Sarah , Hotter Benjamin , Ziemann Ulf , Meisel Andreas , Mengel Annerose Maria 
Published: May 2020

PurposeScarce evidence exists regarding end-of-life decision (EOLD) in neurocritically ill patients. We investigated the factors associated with EOLD making, including the group and individual characteristics of involved healthcare professionals, in a multiprofessional neurointensive care unit (NICU) setting.Materials and methodsA prospective, observational pilot study was conducted between 2013 and 2014 in a 10-bed NICU. Factors associated with EOLD in long-term neurocritically ill patients were evaluated using an anonymised survey based on a standardised questionnaire.Results8 (25%) physicians and 24 (75%) nurses participated in the study by providing their ‘treatment decisions’ for 14 patients at several time points. EOLD was ‘made’ 44 (31%) times, while maintenance of life support 98 (69%) times. EOLD patterns were not significantly different between professional groups. The individual characteristics of the professionals (age, gender, religion, personal experience with death of family member and NICU experience) had no significant impact on decisions to forgo or maintain life-sustaining therapy. EOLD was patient-specific (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.861), with the presence of acute life-threatening disease (OR (95% CI): 18.199 (1.721 to 192.405), p=0.038) and low expected patient quality of life (OR (95% CI): 9.276 (1.131 to 76.099), p=0.016) being significant and independent determinants for withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that EOLD in NICU relies mainly on patient prognosis and not on the characteristics of the healthcare professionals.
Sex-specific risks and trends in lung cancer mortality across occupations and economic activities in Switzerland (1990–2014)
Authors: Bovio Nicolas , Richardson David B , Guseva Canu Irina 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo assess lung cancer mortality across occupations and economic activities/industries in Switzerland using three statistical estimates.MethodsAll Swiss residents aged 18–65 during the 1990 or 2000 censuses were followed through 2014 to ascertain information on date and cause of death. For every occupation and economic activity/industry, causal mortality ratios (CMR) and standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were computed using national cause-specific mortality rates. We also calculated relative SMR (rSMR) and conducted analyses stratified by socioeconomic variables, job skill level and calendar periods.ResultsThe study sample comprised 5 834 618 participants (111 162 348 person-years). SMR and CMR led to similar results, while rSMR were generally higher. We found 18 occupations in men, 10 occupations in women and 3 industries in each sex with an excess of lung cancer mortality. Among men, rubber and plastic products machine operators, and workers in mining and quarrying, and construction industries were at high risk. Among women, motor vehicle drivers and workers in trade, repair of motor vehicles and of domestic articles and manufacture of goods industries showed the highest risks. In both sexes, hotel and restaurant workers presented an excess of lung cancer mortality.ConclusionMost of the activities and occupations in which we observed excess lung cancer mortality have previously been observed to involve occupational exposure to lung carcinogens. These findings suggest that the number of occupational lung cancer is likely underestimated by the official Swiss statistics. Further research should address this question and the exposure–effect relationships in the most at-risk occupational groups.
Effects of waist to height ratio, waist circumference, body mass index on the risk of chronic diseases, all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality
Authors: Lo Kenneth , Huang Yu-Qing , Shen Geng , Huang Jia-Yi , Liu Lin , Yu Yu-Ling , Chen Chao-Lei , Feng Ying Qing 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundGiven the fat redistribution in later stages of life, how the associations between abdominal obesity and the risk of morbidity and mortality have changed with age have not been elucidated, especially for waist to height ratio (WHtR).ObjectiveTo compare the strength of association between obesity indices and chronic diseases at baseline, and the subsequent mortality risk among US adults.MethodsWe included 21 109 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2014. We performed logistic regression and receiver operating curve analysis to examine the discriminatory power of obesity indicators on cardiometabolic diseases and cancer at baseline. Sex-stratified and age-stratified Cox models were constructed to explore the prospective association between obesity indices and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality.ResultsElevated WHtR, elevated waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI)-classified obesity are associated with higher odds of hypertension (OR: 1.37-2.13), dyslipidemia (OR: 1.06 to 1.75, all p&lt;0.05) and diabetes (OR: 1.40-3.16, all p&lt;0.05). WHtR had significantly better discriminatory power to predict cardiometabolic health than BMI, especially for diabetes (area under the curve: 0.709 vs 0.654). After multivariable adjustment, all obesity indicators are associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality among females aged ≥65 years (HR: 0.64 to 0.85), but the association was only significant for BMI when obesity indicators were mutually adjusted (HR: 0.79).ConclusionsWHtR and WC appeared to be the better indicators for cardiometabolic health than BMI. However, BMI had a stronger and inverse association with a greater risk of all-cause mortality among older females.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the young population; a 6-year review of the Irish out-of-hospital cardiac arrest register
Authors: Tanner Richard , Masterson Siobhan , Galvin Joseph , Wright Peter , Hennelly David , Murphy Andrew , Bury Gerard , O'Donnell Cathal , Deasy Conor 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTStudy purposeOut-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) in the young population have only been examined in a limited number of regional studies. Hence, we sought to describe OHCA characteristics and predictors of survival to hospital discharge for the young Irish population.Study designAn observational analysis of the national Irish OHCA register for all OHCAs aged ≤35 years between January 2012 and December 2017 was performed. The young population was categorised into three age groups: ≤1 year, 1–15 years and 16–35 years. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the independent predictors of survival to hospital discharge.ResultsA total of 1295 OHCAs aged ≤35 years (26.9% female, median age 25 (IQR 17–31)) had resuscitation attempted. OHCAs in those aged ≥16 years (n=1005) were more likely to happen outside the home (38.5% vs 22.8%, p&lt;0.001) and be of non-medical aetiology (59% vs 27.6%, p&lt;0.001) compared with those aged &lt;16 years (n=290). Asphyxiation, trauma and drug overdoses accounted for over 90% of the non-medical OHCAs for those 16–35 years. Overall survival to hospital discharge for the cohort was 5.1%; survival was non-significantly higher for those aged 16–35 years compared with those aged 1–15 years (6.0%, vs 2.8% p=0.93). Independent predictors of survival to hospital discharge included bystander witnessed OHCA, a shockable initial rhythm and a bystander defibrillation attempt.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of non-medical OHCAs and the OHCA location need to be considered when developing OHCA care pathways and preventative strategies to reduce the burden of OHCAs in the young population.
A personal historical perspective of HIV
Authors: Welsby Philip D 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAll animal life on earth is thought to have a common origin and have common genetic mechanisms. Evolution has enabled differentiation of species. Pathogens likewise have evolved within various species and mostly come to a settled dynamic equilibrium such that co-existence results (pathogens ideally should not kill their hosts). Problems arise when pathogens jump species because the new host had not developed any resistance. These infections from related species are known as zoonoses. COVID-19 is the latest example of a virus entering another species but HIV (and various strains of influenza) were previous examples.
Long-term safety, immunogenicity and efficacy comparing FKB327 with the adalimumab reference product in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: data from randomised double-blind and open-label extension studies
Authors: Genovese Mark C , Kellner Herbert , Arai Yasumasa , Muniz Rafael , Alten Rieke 
Published: May 2020

Background/ObjectiveFKB327 is a biosimilar of the antitumour necrosis factor adalimumab reference product (RP). A randomised, double-blind (DB) phase 3 study compared the efficacy of FKB327 with the RP in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) inadequately controlled with methotrexate (MTX). A subsequent randomised open-label extension (OLE) study with treatment switching assessed long-term safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of FKB327 compared with the RP.MethodsPatients with moderate-to-severe, active RA on a stable dose of MTX were randomised 1:1 to receive FKB327 or the RP (40 mg subcutaneously every other week) for 24 weeks. Patients who completed the DB study were enrolled in the OLE and rerandomised 2:1 to receive FKB327 or the RP; two-thirds continued on the same treatment and one-third switched for 30 weeks. All patients received FKB327 through Week 76. Long-term efficacy, safety and immunogenicity were assessed.ResultsOf 728 patients in the DB study, 645 were enrolled in the FKB327-OLE study. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR)20 response rates for all treatment groups at Week 30 in the OLE ranged from 83.2% to 85.9%. ACR20 response rates remained stable for all patients regardless of single- or double-switching treatment and were similar for all treatment sequences through Week 76. The safety profile and incidence of antidrug antibodies were comparable across sequences.ConclusionEfficacy, safety and immunogenicity were similar among patients with RA treated with FKB327 or the RP for up to 2 years, and were not affected by single- or double-switching treatment.
The impact of certolizumab pegol treatment on the incidence of anterior uveitis flares in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: 48-week interim results from C-VIEW
Authors: van der Horst-Bruinsma Irene , van Bentum Rianne , Verbraak Frank D , Rath Thomas , Rosenbaum James T , Misterska-Skora Maria , Hoepken Bengt , Irvin-Sellers Oscar , VanLunen Brenda , Bauer Lars , Rudwaleit Martin 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAcute anterior uveitis (AAU) is the most common extra-articular manifestation in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). C-VIEW investigates the impact of the Fc-free TNF inhibitor certolizumab pegol (CZP) on AAU flares in patients with active axSpA at high risk of recurrent AAU.MethodsC-VIEW (NCT03020992) is a 96-week ongoing, multicentre, open-label, phase 4 study. Included patients had an axSpA diagnosis, a history of recurrent AAU (≥2 AAU flares, ≥1 flare in the year prior to study entry), HLA-B27 positivity, active disease, and failure of ≥2 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients received CZP 400 mg at Weeks 0/2/4, then 200 mg every 2 weeks up to 96 weeks. This 48-week pre-planned interim analysis compares AAU flare incidence in the 48 weeks before and after initiation of CZP treatment, using Poisson regression to account for possible within-patient correlations.ResultsIn total, 89 patients were included (male: 63%; radiographic/non-radiographic axSpA: 85%/15%; mean axSpA disease duration: 8.6 years). During 48 weeks’ CZP treatment, 13 (15%) patients experienced 15 AAU flares, representing an 87% reduction in AAU incidence rate (146.6 per 100 patient-years (PY) in the 48 weeks pre-baseline to 18.7 per 100 PY during CZP treatment). Poisson regression analysis showed that the incidence rate of AAU per patient reduced from 1.5 to 0.2 (p<0.001). No new safety signals were identified.ConclusionsThere was a significant reduction in the AAU flare rate during 48 weeks of CZP treatment, indicating that CZP is a suitable treatment option for patients with active axSpA and a history of recurrent AAU.
Use of thermography for the diagnosis of chronic proliferative rhinitis in sheep and its application in the differential diagnosis of the first case affecting the dorsal turbinate
Authors: López‐Tamayo Silvia , Rubira Ines , De las Heras Marcelo , Castells Enrique , Lacasta Delia 
Published: May 2020

Chronic proliferative rhinitis (CPR) is a fatal prognosis upper respiratory tract disease that affects sheep and is associated with Salmonella enterica subspecies diarizonae serotype 61:k:1, 5, (7). It may be unilateral or bilateral, and although minor changes have been seen in dorsal turbinate, the ventral turbinate is always affected, which makes it possible to observe the proliferative tissue emerging from the nares.The following publication describes the case of an ewe severely affected by a bilateral inflammatory process of the upper respiratory tract. S enterica subspecies diarizonae was isolated from nasal swabs; however, the hottest area observed by a thermal imaging camera was not the ventral area, as usually seen in this process, but the middle area, where the dorsal turbinate is located. In addition, no proliferative tissue was seen through the nostril. At postmortem examination, it was confirmed that CPR seriously affected, for the first time, the dorsal turbinate and ethmoidal areas. Thermographic cameras are useful tools for the diagnosis of upper respiratory tract diseases in sheep.
The prospect of charm quark magnetic moment determination
Authors: Fomin A. S. , Barsuk S. , Korchin A. Yu. , Kou E. , Kovalchuk V. A. , Liul M. , Natochii A. , Niel E. , Robbe P. , Stocchi A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the theoretical framework and the experimental measurements of the magnetic moment of the charmed baryons. We first review the theoretical predictions of the $$\varLambda _c^{+}$$Λc+ magnetic moment and show that the measurements of the magnetic moments of other charmed baryons, such as $$\varXi _{c}$$Ξc, allow to perform detailed spectroscopy studies. The magnetic moment of the charm quark can be determined using radiative charmonium decay, which can be compared to the $$\varLambda _c^{+}$$Λc+ magnetic moment within theoretical models. The present results show a tension with majority of theoretical predictions. The magnetic moment of the charmed baryons could potentially be measured directly, using bent-crystal experiments at LHC. The possibility to measure precisely the magnetic moments of charmed baryons needs precise measurement of their polarisation and weak decay parameters. In this paper, we revisit the formalism of the angular analysis needed for these measurements and make a detailed evaluation of initial polarisation of deflected $$\varLambda _c$$Λc baryons as a function of crystal orientation. We found a special orientation of the crystal that gives the opportunity to measure the $$\varLambda _c$$Λc dimensionless electric dipole moment almost with the same precision as its g-factor, which is more than an order of magnitude more efficient than suggested before.