bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaping: Impact of Improving Screening Questioning in Adolescent Population: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Cano Rodriguez Zoila , Chen Yingying , Siegel Janet H. , Rousseau-Pierre Thaina 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
The use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) increased dramatically over the past decade, making them the most common tobacco product used among youth. While physicians often screen for the use of tobacco, very few screen for vaping product usage. This quality improvement project aimed to increase the screening rate of ENDS use among adolescents to 85% to match the Healthy People 2020 screening target of 83.3% for smoking.

Method:
We collected data from weekly chart reviews of all adolescent visits with a primary care provider by using keywords such as “vapor,” “e-cigs,” and “vaping” to document screening for ENDS use. The project consisted of 4 PDSA cycles: (1) education of the Adolescent Clinic staff about screening; (2) the addition of the specific question for e-cigarette use in the facility’s Electronic Health Record; (3) house staff lecture about the importance of screening; and (4) reinforcement about screening to adolescent physicians.

Results:
The percentage of screening for traditional tobacco use was consistently higher than ENDS use in all months. ENDS use assessment increased since the first intervention, going from 0% at baseline to 90% at the end. The addition of a specific question for ENDS use in EPIC was the most significant intervention and increased the screening percentage to 78%.

Conclusions:
To adequately assess for the use of ENDS, the nonspecific question, “do you smoke?” is not sufficient. A direct approach is necessary. A specific question in the EHR is the most significant way to increase screening for ENDS use.
HIV Care Prioritization Using Phylogenetic Branch Length
Authors: Moshiri Niema , Smith Davey M. , Mirarab Siavash 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The structure of the HIV transmission networks can be dictated by just a few individuals. Public health intervention, such as ensuring people living with HIV adhere to antiretroviral therapy and remain virally suppressed, can help control the spread of the virus. However, such intervention requires using limited public health resource allocations. Determining which individuals are most at risk of transmitting HIV could allow public health officials to focus their limited resources on these individuals.

Setting:
Molecular epidemiology can help prioritize people living with HIV by patterns of transmission inferred from their sampled viral sequences. Such prioritization has been previously suggested and performed by monitoring cluster growth. In this article, we introduce Prioritization using AnCesTral edge lengths (ProACT), a phylogenetic approach for prioritizing individuals living with HIV.

Methods:
ProACT starts from a phylogeny inferred from sequence data and orders individuals according to their terminal branch length, breaking ties using ancestral branch lengths. We evaluated ProACT on a real data set of 926 HIV-1 subtype B pol data obtained in San Diego between 2005 and 2014 and a simulation data set modeling the same epidemic. Prioritization methods are compared by their ability to predict individuals who transmit most after the prioritization.

Results:
Across all simulation conditions and most real data sampling conditions, ProACT outperformed monitoring cluster growth for multiple metrics of prioritization efficacy.

Conclusion:
The simple strategy used by ProACT improves the effectiveness of prioritization compared with state-of-the-art methods that rely on monitoring the growth of transmission clusters defined based on genetic distance.
Wheelchair Seated Posture and Health Outcomes of Older Veterans in Community Living Centers
Authors: Barks Lelia , Garvan Cynthia , Crane Barbara , Peterson Matthew , Brown Lisa M. , Powell-Cope Gail 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Nursing home residents sit in wheelchairs (WCs) for extended periods, often with slumped posture. They often experience pneumonia, pressure ulcers, and pain. This study described WC seated posture with its selected predictors and outcomes in the nursing home environment, throughout the daytime hours of 1 day.

Design and Methods
This observational study (n = 45) in two Veterans Administration Community Living Centers introduced a new measure of WC fit and described WC seated posture of older Veterans, with selected predictors and outcomes.

Findings
Wheelchair seated posture was predicted by cognitive status, WC fit, WC skills, and duration of sitting, but not by level of sitting ability. Poor posture measured by the Seated Posture Scale was associated with pain. Highest interface pressures measurable were seen in peak pressure index (PPI = 200 mm Hg), indicating risk of pressure injury. Veterans often denied discomfort, possibly lowering overall pain scores, while reporting severe pain in specific body parts.

Conclusions
Wheelchair seated posture was predicted by cognitive status, WC fit, WC skills, and duration of sitting. Poor posture was associated with pain, and poor posture was an outcome of poor WC fit. Poor WC fit in this study supported earlier findings in non-Veterans Administration nursing homes.
A Self-Efficacy Reinforcement Stretching Exercise Program for Community-Dwelling Older Women With Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cho Su-jin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose
This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Self-Efficacy Reinforcement Stretching Exercise Program to improve osteoarthritis (OA)-related symptoms in older women with OA.

Design
A quasi-experimental design was used in this study.

Methods
The experimental group participated in the Self-Efficacy Reinforcement Stretching Exercise Program, a 6-week program composed of stretching exercises and self-efficacy reinforcement strategies, whereas the control group did not. All participants were assessed on pain; joint stiffness; physical function disability; body mass index; depression; and quality of life at the beginning, end, and 4 weeks after the program ended.

Findings
After participation, the experimental group had significantly less joint stiffness, physical function disability, and depression scores and significantly higher self-efficacy and quality of life than the control group.

Conclusions
This intervention program led to an improvement in OA-related symptoms, self-efficacy, and quality of life in older women with OA.

Clinical Relevance
The sustained effects of acquired exercise behaviors that persisted up to 4 weeks after the program ended could be of interest to rehabilitation nurses and other healthcare professionals.
Quantitative Assessment of Intraoperative Laser Fluorescence Angiography With Indocyanine Green Predicts Early Graft Function After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Gerken Andreas L.H. , Nowak Kai , Meyer Alexander , Weiss Christel , Krüger Bernd , Nawroth Nina , Karampinis Ioannis , Heller Katharina , Apel Hendrik , Reissfelder Christoph , Schwenke Kay , Keese Michael , Lang Werner , Rother Ulrich 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
This study was designed to demonstrate the predictive ability of quantitative indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography for the short-term postoperative outcome, the occurrence of delayed graft function (DGF), and long-term graft survival.

Summary Background Data:
DGF is a relevant problem after kidney transplantation; sufficient microperfusion of the allograft is crucial for postoperative organ function. Fluorescence angiography with ICG can serve as an intraoperative quality control of microperfusion.

Methods:
This prospective diagnostic study, conducted in 2 German transplantation centers from November 2015 to October 2018, included 128 consecutive kidney transplantations. Intraoperative assessment of the allograft microperfusion was performed by near-infrared fluorescence angiography with ICG; a software was used for quantitative analysis. The associations between perfusion parameters (eg, ICG Ingress) and donor, recipient, peri-procedural, and postoperative characteristics were evaluated.

Results:
DGF occurred in 23 (24%) kidney recipients from deceased donors. ICG Ingress (P = 0.0027), donor age (P = 0.0452), recipient age (P = 0.0139), and recipient body mass index (P = 0.0017) were associated with DGF. ICG Ingress correlated significantly with recipient age (r = −0.27662, P = 0.0016), cold and warm ischemia time (r = −0.25204, P = 0.0082; r = −0.19778, P = 0.0283), operating time (r = −0.32208, P = 0.0002), eGFR on postoperative days 1 (r =+0.22674, P = 0.0104) and 7 (r = +0.33189, P = 0.0001). The cutoff value for ICG Ingress was 106.23 AU with sensitivity of 78.3% and specificity of 80.8% (P < 0.0001) for the prediction of DGF.

Conclusion:
Fluorescence angiography with ICG allows intraoperative quantitative assessment of microperfusion during kidney transplantation. The parameter ICG Ingress reflects recipient and procedure characteristics and is able to predict the incidence of DGF.

Trial registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT-02775838
Prediction of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Growth Using Geometric Assessment of Computerized Tomography Images Acquired During the Aneurysm Surveillance Period
Authors: Chandrashekar Anirudh , Handa Ashok , Lapolla Pierfrancesco , Shivakumar Natesh , Ngetich Elisha , Grau Vicente , Regent Lee  
Published: December 2020

Objective:
We investigated the utility of geometric features for future AAA growth prediction.

Background:
Novel methods for growth prediction of AAA are recognized as a research priority. Geometric feature have been used to predict cerebral aneurysm rupture, but not examined as predictor of AAA growth.

Methods:
Computerized tomography (CT) scans from patients with infra-renal AAAs were analyzed. Aortic volumes were segmented using an automated pipeline to extract AAA diameter (APD), undulation index (UI), and radius of curvature (RC). Using a prospectively recruited cohort, we first examined the relation between these geometric measurements to patients' demographic features (n = 102). A separate 192 AAA patients with serial CT scans during AAA surveillance were identified from an ongoing clinical database. Multinomial logistic and multiple linear regression models were trained and optimized to predict future AAA growth in these patients.

Results:
There was no correlation between the geometric measurements and patients' demographic features. APD (Spearman r = 0.25, P < 0.05), UI (Spearman r = 0.38, P < 0.001) and RC (Spearman r =–0.53, P < 0.001) significantly correlated with annual AAA growth. Using APD, UI, and RC as 3 input variables, the area under receiver operating characteristics curve for predicting slow growth (<2.5 mm/yr) or fast growth (>5 mm/yr) at 12 months are 0.80 and 0.79, respectively. The prediction or growth rate is within 2 mm error in 87% of cases.

Conclusions:
Geometric features of an AAA can predict its future growth. This method can be applied to routine clinical CT scans acquired from patients during their AAA surveillance pathway.
Prophylactic Mesh Reinforcement for Prevention of Midline Incisional Hernias
Authors: Olavarria Oscar A. , Dhanani Naila H. , Bernardi Karla , Holihan Julie L. , Bell Cynthia S. , Ko Tien C. , Liang Mike K. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To systematically review the published literature on the use of prophylactic mesh reinforcement of midline laparotomy closures for prevention of VIH

Summary of Background Data:
VIH are common complications of abdominal surgery. Prophylactic mesh has been proposed as an adjunct to prevent their occurrence.

Methods:
PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane were reviewed for RCTs that compared prophylactic mesh reinforcement versus conventional suture closure of midline abdominal surgery. Primary outcome was the incidence of VIH at postoperative follow-up ≥24 months. Secondary outcomes included surgical site infection and surgical site occurrence (SSO). Pooled risk ratios were obtained through random effect meta-analyses and adjusted for publication bias. Network meta-analyses were performed to compare mesh types and locations.

Results:
Of 1969 screened articles, 12 RCTs were included. On meta-analysis there was a lower incidence of VIH with prophylactic mesh [11.1% vs 21.3%, Relative risk (RR) = 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.19–0.55, P < 0.001), however, publication bias was highly likely. When adjusted for this bias, prophylactic mesh had a more conservative effect (RR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.39–0.70). There was no difference in risk of surgical site infection (9.1% vs 8.9%, RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.82–1.43; P = 0.118), however, prophylactic mesh increased the risk of SSO (14.2% vs 8.9%, RR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.19–2.05; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Current RCTs suggest that in mid-term follow-up prophylactic mesh prevents VIH with increased risk for SSO. There is limited long-term data and substantial publication bias.
Ethnicity-dependent effects of Zinc finger 804A variant on schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Dandan , Wang Yewei , Chen Yan , Yu Lingfang , Fang Xinyu , Liu Ruimei , Wu Zenan , Zhang Chen 
Published: December 2020

Objectives
Previous studies and meta-analysis indicated that rs1344706 was associated with schizophrenia in European population, whereas the conclusions in other populations were disputed. To further explore whether the allele A of rs1344706 would increase the risk of schizophrenia in different populations and update the original meta-analysis, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis worldwide.

Methods
A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Web of Science (up to 10 July 2019) according to the inclusion criteria.

Results
A total of 27 articles were included. Our meta-analysis showed an association between rs1344706 and schizophrenia in total populations [P = 0.000; odds ratio (OR) = 1.105; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.048–1.165], Europe population (P = 0.025; OR = 1.108; 95% CI, 1.013–1.222) and Asian population(P = 0.005; OR = 1.094; 95% CI, 1.027–1.164).

Conclusions
Our findings suggested that the risk of single nucleotide polymorphism rs1344706 A-allele may increase the risk of schizophrenia worldwide. Also, this ethnicity-dependent effects of ZNF804A variant on schizophrenia may be related to the opposite allele direction. But to elucidate the underlying biological mechanism, further studies with large participant populations are needed.
Acceptable Performance of the Abbott ID NOW Among Symptomatic Individuals with Confirmed COVID-19
Authors: Stokes William , Berenger Byron M. , Singh Takshveer , Adeghe Ifueko , Schneider Angela , Portnoy Danielle , King Teagan , Scott Brittney , Pabbaraju Kanti , Shokoples Sandy , Wong Anita A. , Gill Kara , Turnbull LeeAnn , Hu Jia , Tipples Graham 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTIONPoint of care diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2, such as the ID NOW, have great potential to help combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The ID NOW is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic individuals within the first 7 days of symptom onset for COVID-19 if tested within 1 hour of specimen collection. However, clinical data on the performance of the ID NOW is limited, with many studies deviating from the manufacturer’s instructions and/or having small sample size.METHODSAdults with COVID-19 in the community or hospital were recruited into the study. Paired throat swabs were collected, with one throat swab transported immediately in an empty sterile tube to the laboratory for ID NOW testing, and the other transported in universal transport media and tested by an in-house SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay targeting the E-gene. Positive percent agreement (PPA) was calculated.RESULTS133 individuals were included in the study. 129 samples were positive on either the ID NOW and/or RT-PCR. Assuming any positive result on either assay represents a true positive, PPA of the ID NOW compared to RT-PCR with 95% confidence intervals was 89.1% [82.0% - 94.1%] and 91.6% [85.1% - 95.9%], respectively. When analyzing individuals with symptoms ≤ 7 days and who had the ID NOW performed within an hour, ID NOW PPA increased to 98.2%.DISCUSSIONIn this study, SARS-CoV-2 results from the ID NOW were reliable, especially when testing was adhered to manufacturer’s recommendations.
Effects of climatic warming on spring phenology in subtropical trees: process-based modelling with experiments designed for model development
Authors: Zhang Rui , Lin Jianhong , Wang Fucheng , Hänninen Heikki , Wu Jiasheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo project the effects of climatic warming on the timing of spring leafout and flowering in trees, process-based tree phenology models are often used nowadays. Unfortunately, the biological realism of the models is often compromised because the model development has often been based on various assumptions and indirect methods. We developed process-based tree phenology models for four subtropical tree species, and for the first time for these trees, we based the model development on explicit experimental work particularly designed to address the processes being modelled. For all the four species, a model of seedling leafout was developed, and forTorreya grandis, a model for female flowering in adult trees was additionally developed. The models generally showed reasonable accuracy when tested against two sources of independent data: observational phenological records and leafout data from a whole-tree chamber warming experiment. In scenario simulations, the models projected an advanced spring phenology under climatic warming for 2020 – 2100. For the leafout of seedlings, the advancing rates varied between 4.7 and 5.9 days per one °C warming, with no major differences found between the climatic scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. ForTorreyaflowering, less advancing was projected, and the projected advancing per one °C warming was less for RCP8.5 (0.9 days / °C) than for RCP4.5 (2.3 days / °C). The low advancing rates ofTorreyaflowering were caused by reduced chilling under the warming climate and by the particular temperature responses found forTorreyaflowering. For instance, our results show that inTorreyaflower buds, no rest break (endodormancy release) is seen at +15 °C, whereas in the seedlings of all four species, +15 °C has a clear rest-breaking effect. These findings highlight the need to base the model development on explicit experiments particularly designed to address the process being modelled.
Direct measurement of B lymphocyte gene expression biomarkers in peripheral blood enables early prediction of seroconversion after vaccination
Authors: Huang Dan , Liu Alex YN , Leung K.S. , Tang Nelson LS 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVaccination is a common and efficient means to reduce the mortality and morbidity of emerging infectious diseases. Among responders, injected antigen induces acquired immunity pathways and leads to the final production of antigen-specific antibodies. The whole process may take weeks to months, depending on the antigen. Typically, seroconversion to influenza vaccine is expected after one month with a responder rate of ~50%.An early biomarker to predict response is desirable. Peripheral blood gene expression (or transcript abundance, TA) datasets in the public domain were analyzed for early biomarkers among responders. As peripheral blood samples (such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMC) are cell mixture samples containing various blood cell-types (leukocyte subpopulations, LS). We first develop a model that enables the determination of TA in B lymphocytes of certain genes directly in PBMC samples without the need of prior cell isolation. These genes are called B cell informative genes. Then a ratio of two B cell informative genes (a target gene and a stably expressed reference gene) measured in PBMC was used as a new biomarker to gauge the target gene expression in B lymphocytes. This method having an obvious advantage over conventional methods by eliminating the tedious procedure of cell sorting and enables directly determining TA of a leukocyte subpopulation in cell mixture samples is calledDirect LS-TA method.By using a B lymphocyte-specific gene such as TNFRSF17 or TXNDC5 as target genes with either TNFRSF13C or FCRLA as reference genes, the B cell biomarkers were determined directly in PBMC which was highly correlated with TA of target genes in purified B lymphocytes. These Direct LS-TA biomarkers in PBMC increased significantly early after vaccination in both the discovery dataset and a meta-analysis of 7 datasets. Responders had almost a 2-fold higher Direct LS-TA biomarker level of TNFRSF17 (SMD=0.84, 95% CI=0.47-1.21 after log2). And Direct LS-TA biomarkers of TNFRSF17 and TXNDC5 measured at day 7 predict responder with sensitivity values of higher than 0.7. The Area-under curves (AUC) in receiver operation curve (ROC) analysis were over 0.8.Here, we report a straightforward approach to directly analyses B lymphocyte gene expression in PBMC, which could be used in a routine clinical setting as it avoids the labor-intensive procedures of B lymphocyte isolation. And the method allows the practice of precision medicine in the prediction of vaccination response.Furthermore, response to vaccination could be predicted as early as on day 7. As vaccination response is based on the similar acquired immunology pathway in the upcoming worldwide vaccination campaign against COVID-19, these biomarkers could also be useful to predict seroconversion for individuals.
Integrating central and peripheral neurons in elongating multi-lineage-organized gastruloids
Authors: Olmsted Zachary T. , Paluh Janet L. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTHuman stem cell technologies including self-assembling 3D tissue models provide unprecedented access to early neurodevelopment and enable fundamental insights into neuropathologies. Gastruloid models have yet to be used to investigate the developing nervous system. Here we generate elongating multi-lineage-organized (EMLO) gastruloids with trunk identity that co-develop central and peripheral nervous system (CNS, PNS) correlates. We track migrating neural crest cells that differentiate to form peripheral neurons integrated with an upstream spinal cord region. This follows initial EMLO polarization events, and is coordinated with primitive gut tube elongation and cardiomyocyte differentiation. By immunofluorescence of multi-lineage and functional biomarkers, we evaluate EMLOs over a twenty-two day period, and apply them to investigate the impact of mu opioid receptor modulation on neuronal activity. This comprehensive study demonstrates a novel combined CNS-PNS model of early organogenesis and integration events in the trunk to benefit human biomedical research.
The Broad Role of Nkx3.2 in the Development of the Zebrafish Axial Skeleton
Authors: Waldmann Laura , Leyhr Jake , Zhang Hanqing , Öhman-Mägi Caroline , Allalou Amin , Haitina Tatjana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe transcription factor Nkx3.2 (Bapx1) is an important chondrocyte maturation inhibitor. PreviousNkx3.2knock-down and overexpression studies in non-mammalian gnathostomes have focused on its role in primary jaw joint development, while little is known about the function of this gene in broader skeletal development. We generated CRISPR/Cas9 knockout ofnkx3.2in zebrafish and applied a range of techniques to characterize skeletal phenotypes at developmental stages from larva to adult, revealing fusions in bones of the occiput, the loss or deformation of bony elements derived from basiventral cartilages of the vertebrae, and an increased length of the proximal radials of the dorsal and anal fins. These phenotypes are reminiscent ofNkx3.2knockout phenotypes in mammals, suggesting that the function of this gene in axial skeletal development is ancestral to osteichthyans. Our results highlight the broad role ofnkx3.2in zebrafish skeletal development and its context-specific functions in different skeletal elements.