bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I've got to do this in a Southern”: Stylized spoken literary quotation in the ELA classroom
Authors: LeBlanc Robert Jean 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article investigates whole‐class discussions of literature in the English classroom and the pragmatics of teacher interpretation in and through the voices of characters. In particular, it focuses on the whole‐class oral reading and discussion of the Tennessee Williams' playA Streetcar Named Desirein an ethnically and linguistically diverse rural Canadian classroom, and the teacher's stylized “Southern” oral performances of significant characters as part of her responses to student answers in whole‐class talk. Using extensive audio data from a 12th‐grade English class and drawing from the analytic tools of the linguistic anthropology of education, this article raises questions of the potential functions of stylized characters' voices in literary critical talk. This research contributes to ongoing conversations regarding the pragmatics of voicing, stylization, and the intersections of teacher talk and literacy learning in classroom discourse, with specific attention to the pedagogic work of enregistering bundles of linguistic features with particular teacher‐driven interpretive perspectives on literary characters.
The Use of Naturalistic Reading Corpora for the Study of Pronoun and Coreference Resolution
Authors: Seminck Olga 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNaturalistic reading corpora are collections of texts that were not designed to be used in specific linguistic studies and that were read by participants whose eye‐movements or reading time was measured. These resources are used to study the cognitive processing of linguistic phenomena naturally present in texts, and they encourage the development of robust models of cognitive linguistic processing. These properties make the use of natural text corpora interesting for the study of pronoun and coreference resolution. In the psycholinguistic literature, many linguistic factors that have an influence on pronoun and coreference resolution have been identified but there is still a lot unknown about the interaction of these factors in naturalistic data. In addition, items used in psycholinguistic studies are short; therefore, naturalistic reading corpora are a resource to study pronoun and coreference resolution in realistic discourse. In this survey, we discuss the models for pronoun and coreference resolution that have been developed so far. We explain the methodological challenges related to the use of naturalistic data and speculate how such data can be used to evaluate theories of pronoun and coreference resolution and so lead to the development of broad coverage models in which various linguistic levels (syntax, semantics and discourse) are integrated.
Multispecies models reveal that eDNA metabarcoding is more sensitive than backpack electrofishing for conducting fish surveys in freshwater streams
Authors: McColl‐Gausden Emily F. , Weeks Andrew R. , Coleman Rhys A. , Robinson Katie L. , Song Sue , Raadik Tarmo A. , Tingley Reid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) sampling can provide accurate, cost‐effective, landscape‐level data on species distributions. Previous studies have compared the sensitivity of eDNA sampling to traditional sampling methods for single species, but similar comparative studies on multispecies eDNA metabarcoding are rare. Using hierarchical site occupancy detection models, we examined whether key choices associated with eDNA metabarcoding (primer selection, low‐abundance read filtering and the number of positive water samples used to classify a species as present at a site) affect the sensitivity of metabarcoding, relative to backpack electrofishing for fish in freshwater streams. Under all scenarios (teleostei and vertebrate primers; 0%, 0.1% and 1% read filtering thresholds; one or two positive samples required to classify species as present), we found that eDNA metabarcoding is, on average, more sensitive than electrofishing. Combining vertebrate and teleostei markers resulted in higher detection probabilities relative to the use of either marker in isolation. Increasing the threshold used to filter low‐abundance reads decreased species detection probabilities but did not change our overall finding that eDNA metabarcoding was more sensitive than electrofishing. Using a threshold of two positive water samples (out of five) to classify a species as present typically had negligible effects on detection probabilities compared to using one positive water sample. Our findings demonstrate that eDNA metabarcoding is generally more sensitive than electrofishing for conducting fish surveys in freshwater streams, and that this outcome is not sensitive to methodological decisions associated with metabarcoding.
Epistemic Possibility and the Necessity of Origin
Authors: Maung Hane Htut 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe necessity of origin suggests that a person’s identity is determined by the particular pair of gametes from which the person originated. An implication is that speculative scenarios concerning how we might otherwise have been had our gametic origins been different are dismissed as being metaphysically impossible. Given, however, that many of these speculations are intelligible and commonplace in the discourses of competent speakers, it is overhasty to dismiss them as mistakes. This paper offers a way of understanding these speculations that does not commit them to incoherence but aims to make the best sense of what they are expressing. Using the philosophical framework of two‐dimensional semantics, it proposes that the speculative scenarios are best analysed as epistemic possibilities, rather than as metaphysical possibilities. It then explores some implications of this analysis for the ethical challenges associated with the non‐identity problem.
Ribosomal protein QM/RPL10 positively regulates defence and protein translation mechanisms during nonhost disease resistance
Authors: Ramu Vemanna S. , Dawane Akashata , Lee Seonghee , Oh Sunhee , Lee Hee‐Kyung , Sun Liang , Senthil‐Kumar Muthappa , Mysore Kirankumar S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRibosomes play an integral part in plant growth, development, and defence responses. We report here the role of ribosomal protein large (RPL) subunit QM/RPL10 in nonhost disease resistance. The RPL10‐silenced Nicotiana benthamiana plants showed compromised disease resistance against nonhost pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato T1. The RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that many genes involved in defence and protein translation mechanisms were differentially affected due to silencing of NbRPL10. Arabidopsis AtRPL10 RNAi and rpl10 mutant lines showed compromised nonhost disease resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato T1 and P. syringae pv. tabaci. Overexpression of AtRPL10A in Arabidopsis resulted in reduced susceptibility against host pathogen P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. RPL10 interacts with the RNA recognition motif protein and ribosomal proteins RPL30, RPL23, and RPS30 in the yeast two‐hybrid assay. Silencing or mutants of genes encoding these RPL10‐interacting proteins in N. benthamiana or Arabidopsis, respectively, also showed compromised disease resistance to nonhost pathogens. These results suggest that QM/RPL10 positively regulates the defence and translation‐associated genes during nonhost pathogen infection.
The Evolution of Income Risk and Consumption Insurance in South Korea over the Last Two Decades*
Authors: Ahn Taehyun , Chee Chung Gu , Kim Seonghoon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing data from the Korea Labor Income Panel Study, we study the evolution of income risk and consumption insurance against transitory and permanent income shocks in South Korea over the last two decades. We find a decreasing trend in both income and consumption risks. Furthermore, we estimate that 47.6% of permanent income shocks and 9.8% of transitory income shocks pass through to consumption. We also provide evidence of substantial improvements in consumption insurance among the less educated and the older cohort nearing retirement. Our results suggest that recent developments of social safety net and welfare system may have played an important role in insuring income shocks in South Korea.
The safety profile and effectiveness of propofol‐remifentanil mixtures for total intravenous anesthesia in children
Authors: Bagshaw Oliver , McCormack Jon , Brooks Peter , Marriott David , Baxter Alistair 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTotal intravenous anesthesia is used in less than 10% of operations in the UK. Many pediatric anesthetists in the UK and Ireland administer total intravenous anesthesia to children using a mixture of propofol and remifentanil in the same syringe. This unlicensed drug has not been studied clinically, because of lack of Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (UK) or Food and Drug Administration (US) approval to undertake such studies.AimThe aim of this service evaluation was to assess the safety profile and effectiveness of propofol‐remifentanil mixtures in the pediatric population undergoing a variety of surgical procedures.MethodsPediatric Anesthetists in the UK and Ireland who regularly used propofol‐remifentanil mixtures for total intravenous anesthesia were invited to submit data. This data were analyzed to assess the effectiveness of anesthesia and the incidence and nature of any complications that occurred.ResultsUsable data were collected from 873 patients. Mixtures were most commonly administered in gastroenterology and ear, nose, and throat procedures. Two‐thirds of patients were less than 10 years old, and their mean weight was 28.7 kg. Anesthesia using the mixture alone was successful in all but 3 patients. The commonest nonserious complication was coughing (4.6%), followed by movement (3.3%). The overall incidence of serious, related, unexpected adverse events requiring intervention was 1.7%. These included desaturation (5 patients), apnea (3), abdominal/chest rigidity (2), cough requiring paralysis (2), ventilatory problems (2), and hypotension (1). Most occurred at induction, were attributable to the properties of the drugs being administered and not directly related to the use of the mixture. No life‐threatening adverse events were recorded. Complications were less common if a ≤5 μg mL−1concentration of remifentanil was used.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that effective anesthesia can be administered to pediatric patients undergoing a wide range of procedures using mixtures of propofol and remifentanil. Serious, related, unexpected adverse events requiring intervention had a low incidence and were largely due to predictable effects of the drugs being administered. A ≤5 μg mL−1remifentanil concentration is associated with proportionately less complications.
Soybean sudden death syndrome: Fungal pathogenesis and plant response
Authors: Spampinato Claudia P. , Scandiani María M. , Luque Alicia G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) is a fungal disease caused by members of clade 2 of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC). These fungi are soilborne pathogens that infect soybean plants through the roots and produce toxins that translocate to aerial parts of the plant, inducing foliar chlorosis and necrosis followed by premature defoliation. Here, we first give the current state of knowledge of early pathogen detection and infection establishment for the SDS pathosystem. Subsequently, we discuss the nature and activity of secreted toxins, followed by an overview of changes in plant metabolism and factors that influence fungus–soybean interaction. Finally, we summarize the advances in plant disease resistance, symptom evaluation, and treatment.
Evaluation of candidate genotype of leptin gene associated with fertility and production traits in Hardhenu (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) cattle
Authors: Yadav Tejwanti , Magotra Ankit , Kumar Ramesh , Bangar Yogesh C. , Garg Asha Rani , Kumar Sunil , Jeet Vikram , Malik Baljit S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present study was conducted on Hardhenu cattle to screen genomic region of leptin gene with an objective to find the association of genotypes with fertility and production traits. The association analysis with traits under study was analysed by least squares analysis of variance by taking SNPs genotype as fixed effects in the statistical model. The genotypic frequencies with respect to targeted loci g.92450765 G > A indicated that AG (0.54) genotype was highest in Hardhenu cattle. Chi‐squared tests showed that g.92450765G > A SNP meet with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (p > .05).The association analysis revealed significant association of genotypes with total milk yield (TMY) and 305 days milk yield (MY) (p < .05). Service period (SP) and calving interval (CI) were also found significantly associated with genotypes (p < .05). Whereas, lactation length (LL), dry days (DD) and age at first calving (AFC) did not divulge any significant association with genotype. The AG and GG genotypes were associated with higher milk yields as compared to AA genotype, indicating that allele G was associated with superior milk performance. However, AA genotyped cattle found to be favourable with SP, CI and artificial insemination (AI) per conception compared to AG and GG genotyped cows. Chi‐square analysis revealed that genetic variants of g.92450765 G > A SNP of leptin gene differ significantly with regard to reproductive disorders incidence (p < .05). The frequency of GG genotype (88.89%) in the affected animal group was very high followed by AG. The animals with GG genotype were found to be more susceptible to reproductive disorders as suggested by the higher odd ratio value (16.00) in logistic model. These observations and their differential association with the fertility and production traits can be utilized as an aid to selection for genetic improvement of antagonistic traits in dairy cows.
Exploring Probabilistic Network‐Based Modeling of Multidimensional Factors Associated with Country Risk
Authors: Qazi Abroon , Khan M. Sajid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAssessment of country risk provides a vital source of information to organizations for expanding and globalizing their operations. Various rating agencies are involved in developing models for assessing country risk, which utilize different statistical techniques for establishing the overall impact of individual factors on country risk. The main limitation of existing studies on country risk is their limited focus on exploring the relative contribution of individual factors to country risk in a probabilistic network setting. Utilizing real data, we develop a probabilistic network model that captures dependencies among multidimensional factors associated with country risk. Further, we assess the network‐wide vulnerability and resilience potential of individual factors to identify critical factors. The findings of this study provide policy‐makers with some unique insights into prioritizing strategies to mitigate country risk. Further, this study provides the context for multinational enterprises to utilize the proposed methodology for prioritizing key factors associated with the relative variables of interest such as regional stability and business environment among others.
Prevalence and Correlates of Perceived Infertility in Ghana
Authors: Polis Chelsea B. , Otupiri Easmon , Hindin Michelle , Chiu Doris W. , Keogh Sarah C. , Aidoo Cara , Larsen‐Reindorf Roderick , Bell Suzanne O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPerceived infertility is an understudied phenomenon in low‐ and middle‐income countries, where biomedical infertility can have severe consequences, particularly for women. We conducted a nationally representative survey of Ghanaian women, estimated the prevalence of and reasons for perceived infertility, and assessed factors associated with higher levels of perceived infertility using a partial proportional odds model. Among 4,070 women, 13 percent believed they were “very likely” to have difficulty getting pregnant when they wanted to, 21 percent believed this was “somewhat likely,” and 66 percent believed this was “not at all likely.” Reasons for perceived infertility varied by whether the respondent was currently seeking pregnancy. In multivariable analysis, several factors were associated with higher levels of perceived infertility, while unexpectedly, women who reported ever using contraception were less likely to report perceived infertility. Acknowledging the need to address infertility globally and understanding the role of perceived infertility are important components in supporting people's ability to decide whether and when to have children.
Effect of fertilization of a biochar and compost amended technosol: Consequence on Ailanthus altissima growth and As‐ and Pb‐specific root sorption
Authors: Lebrun Manhattan , Alidou Arzika Ibrahim , Miard Florie , Nandillon Romain , Bayçu Gülriz , Bourgerie Sylvain , Morabito Domenico 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe remediation of metal(loid) polluted soil using plants (i.e. phytoremediation) often requires the application of amendments, as well as chemical fertilizer. However, such fertilizers can have negative effects when applied alone and can thus be applied together with other organic amendments to diminish this negative effect. Finally, plants to be used in phytoremediation should be selected based on their adaptive capacity and tolerance to poor and highly contaminated soils, characteristics that possesses Ailanthus altissima. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of osmocote fertilization on the amended mining technosol properties and plant growth parameters, as well as to study the accumulation pattern of As and Pb in plant roots. Results showed that osmocote ameliorated soil conditions, but increased Pb mobility. It also greatly improved plant growth. Finally, different behaviours of metal(loid) accumulation were observed in the roots: As was absorbed mainly in the roots because of its similarity with P, with very low amounts in the leaves, whereas Pb was adsorbed mainly on the root surface, with lesser proportion absorbed inside the root system.
Silvopastoral systems in dry Chaco, Argentina: Impact on soil chemical parameters and bacterial communities
Authors: Viruel Emilce , Fontana Cecilia A. , Bassi Daniela , Puglisi Edoardo , Radrizzani Alejandro , Martinez Calsina Luciana , Banegas Natalia R. , Cocconcelli Pier S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Dry Chaco region is a vast plain that extends throughout north‐western Argentina. This region concentrates about 13% of the total Argentine cattle national stock. Beef cattle systems in the north‐west of Argentina are highly varied including extensive pastoral systems, silvopastoral systems and intensive grazing systems. Little is known about the impact of these systems on microbial biodiversity and soil quality in this region. This study describes the relationship between soil parameters (FDA, MBC, SOC, CFU, pH, TN and MR) and bacterial communities in silvopastoral systems (SPS) of the Argentine Dry Chaco region. The bacterial composition, evaluated through Illumina MiSeq sequencing of ribosomal 16S amplicons, differed between SPS and pastoral systems, being also influenced byLeucaenaandProsopistree species. Higher diversity of bacterial populations was detected in SPS withProsopis. The phylum Firmicutes and Bacilli class were the most abundant in all the treatments. As indicated by Mantel tests, changes in soil bacteria community were related to soil parameters (e.g. SOC and pH). SPSs are viable alternatives for improving soil quality, supported by a significant increase in microbial biomass and activity in comparison with pastoral systems. Furthermore, the different livestock systems strongly affected microbiomes. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that soil bacterial populations are involved in nutrient cycling processes in SPSs of the Argentine Dry Chaco. Further, the composition of soil bacterial communities was related to the analysed soil parameters and tree species.
Beyond rupture: Christian culture in the Pacific
Authors: McDougall Debra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn its many forms, Christianity tends to focus adherents’ attention upon earlier religious traditions, compelling them to renew their faith, repent and seek redemption. This special issue takes up questions about Christianity’s temporal ‘secondarity’. Contributors move beyond increasingly futile theoretical debates about rupture and continuity by considering how Christians in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands conceptualise and enact their fraught relationships with prior religious traditions. By examining the place of culture within Christianity, contributors avoid the analytical pitfalls of assuming that Pacific culture is not already thoroughly Christian. Rather than taking up questions about initial Christian conversion, these articles focus on revival. The relentless campaigns of Christian renewal that have transformed religious landscapes more than a generation aim not only to overcome pre‐Christian powers, but also to supersede earlier versions of Christianity. In examining not only highly localised ethnotheologies, but also regional movements, this issue opens questions that should be of interest beyond the anthropology of Christianity.
Extent and potential determinants of resource misallocation: A cross‐sectional study for developing countries
Authors: Fossati Roman , Rachinger Heiko , Stivali Matheus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDistortions in the allocation of resources across establishments might account for significant differences in total factor productivity and output per capita across countries. This paper identifies and measures the effect of specific self‐reported firm‐level and objective country‐level distortions on resource misallocation and productivity in Latin America and Africa, using standardised data for several developing countries. The particular distortions we study were not considered in the previous empirical literature based on the Hsieh and Klenow (The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124, 1403–1448) methodology. In contrast to previous evidence, distortions affecting international trade are key factors generating resource misallocation. In particular, at firm level, an increase in the degree to which customs represent an obstacle increases the resource misallocation by 18.2%. At country level, an additional day it takes to export is associated with a 1.83% increase in the resource misallocation. Further, the median resource misallocation is 63% and 86% higher for Latin American and African countries, respectively, than the one for the United States. While most of the Latin American economies improved or maintained their situation in terms of resource misallocation, the opposite happened in the African economies. Finally, the median reallocation gain for the considered countries is 38.4% higher than the one of the US economy.