bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of a Baculovirus Derivative to Produce Linearized Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Multicapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus Genomic DNA
Authors: Zhao Zhenjun , Ye Bo , Yue Dongmei , Li Peipei , Zhang Bo , Wang Linmei , Fan Qi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the Antheraea pernyi multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AnpeNPV)-based expression vector system, the frequency of homologous recombination events between wild-type AnpeNPV DNA and the transfer vector is low, resulting in a small amount of recombinant virus. Previous reports have indicated that linearized baculovirus DNA can increase the proportion of recombinant virus relative to the total progeny. To improve the recombination efficiency, we constructed a linearized derivative of AnpeNPV, referred to as AnpeNPVPhEGFP-AvrII, in which egfp flanked by AvrII restriction sites was located at the polyhedrin locus and driven by the polyhedrin promoter. Linear AnpeNPV DNA was obtained by the treatment of AnpeNPVPhEGFP-AvrII genomic DNA with AvrII endonuclease. The infectivity and recombinogenic activity between the linearized and circular viral DNA were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. We demonstrated that the linearized AnpeNPV DNA produced only small numbers of infectious budded viruses, accounting for approximately 4.5% of the budded virus production of wild-type AnpeNPV DNA in A. pernyi pupae. However, the linearized AnpeNPV DNA substantially increased recombinant virus production after cotransfection with an appropriate transfer vector; relative abundance of the recombinant virus was approximately 5.5-fold higher than that of the wild-type AnpeNPV DNA in A. pernyi pupae. The linearization of AnpeNPV DNA will facilitate the purification of recombinant viruses using the AnpeNPV-based expression vector system and the construction of an AnpeNPV-based bacmid system.
Ruminations on Economic Decision Modeling of Managing Forest Resources with a Focus on Family Forest Landowners
Authors: Wagner John E 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAbstractThe classic wealth maximization modeling of forest landowners may not be useful when examining the behavior of family forest landowners in particular. My challenge to the forestry community is to think more broadly with respect to the economic modeling of management decisions by these landowners. I would propose that forest structure (e.g., trees per unit area versus diameter class/distribution) versus time, as opposed to volume versus time, is a superior and practical approach to model forest dynamics given these landowners’ well-published preferences. I would also propose that a cost-minimization/least-cost model is also more consistent with their well-published preferences. These proposals, however, are not without their advantages and disadvantages that are examined briefly. Nonetheless, my conclusions are that scholarship based on a least-cost approach could provide insights that the classical wealth maximization modeling may not, given landownership trends.
WISE mid-infrared properties of compact active galactic nuclei selected from the high radio frequency AT20G survey
Authors: Chhetri R , Kimball A , Ekers R D , Mahony E K , Sadler E M , Jarrett T 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Past studies of compact active galactic nuclei (AGNs), the dominant population at high radio frequencies, selected them using flat spectral index criteria. This biases the sample due to the steepening of AGN spectra at high radio frequencies. We improve upon this by selecting 3610 compact AGNs using their angular size information ($\lesssim$0.15 arcsec scale) from the Australia Telescope 20 GHz (AT20G) high-angular resolution catalogue. We cross-match these against the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer AllWISE catalogue and present a catalogue with 3300 (91 per cent) matches, 91 (3 per cent) rejects, and 219 (6 per cent) non-detections that are excellent high-redshift candidates. Of the matched compact AGNs, 92 per cent exhibit QSO mid-infrared colours (W1−W2 &gt; 0.5). Therefore, our sample of high frequency compact sources has a very high rate of identification with mid-infrared QSOs. We find counterparts for 88 per cent of 387 compact steep-spectrum (CSS) sources in the AT20G survey, 82 ± 5 per cent of which exhibit QSO mid-infrared colours and have moderate redshifts (zmedian = 0.82), while those dominated by host galaxy colours in mid-infrared have lower redshifts (zmedian = 0.13). The latter classified into late- and early-type galaxies using their mid-infrared colours shows a majority (68 ± 4 per cent) have colours characteristic of late-type galaxies. Thus, we find that a larger fraction of these CSS sources are embedded in hosts with higher gas densities than average early-type galaxies. We compare mid-infrared colours of our AGNs against those reported for AGNs primarily selected using non-radio techniques. This shows that mid-infrared SED of high frequency selected compact radio AGN is comparatively less red, possibly due to contributions from their hosts.
Pushing point-spread function reconstruction to the next level: application to SPHERE/ZIMPOL
Authors: Beltramo-Martin O , Marasco A , Fusco T , Massari D , Milli J , Fiorentino G , Neichel B 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Point-spread function (PSF) reconstruction (PSF-R) is a well-established technique to determine the PSF reliably and accurately from adaptive optics (AO) control-loop data. We have successfully applied this technique to improve the precision of photometry and astrometry for observations of NGC 6121 obtained with the Spectro Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE)/Zurich IMaging POLarimeter (ZIMPOL), which will be presented in a forthcoming Letter. First, we present the methodology we followed to reconstruct the PSF by combining pupil-plane and focal-plane measurements using our PSF-R method PRIME (PSF Reconstruction and Identification for Multiple-source characterization Enhancement), with upgrades of both the model and best-fitting steps compared with previous articles. Secondly, we highlight that PRIME allows us to maintain the PSF fitting residual below 0.2 per cent over 2 hours of observation and using only 30 s of AO telemetry, which may have important consequences for telemetry storage for PSF-R purposes on future 30–40 m class telescopes. Finally, we deploy PRIME in a more realistic regime using faint stars, so as to identify the precision needed on the initial-guess parameters to ensure convergence towards the optimal solution.
The excitation of OH by H2 revisited – II. Hyperfine resolved rate coefficients
Authors: Kłos J , Dagdigian P J , Alexander M H , Faure A , Lique F 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Observations of hyperfine resolved transitions of the hydroxyl radical (OH) are unique probes of the physical conditions in molecular clouds. In particular, hyperfine intensities can be used as an effective thermometer over a wide range of molecular densities. Accurate modelling of the OH emission spectra requires the calculation of collisional rate coefficients for the excitation of OH by H2, the most abundant collisional partner in the molecular clouds. Here, we determine hyperfine resolved rate coefficients for the excitation of OH by H2 using a recently developed highly accurate potential energy surface. State-to-state rate coefficients between the lower hyperfine levels were calculated using recoupling techniques for temperature ranging from 10 to 150 K. Significant differences were found with the earlier values currently used in astrophysical models, the new rate coefficients being larger than the previous ones. Finally, we compute the excitation of the OH radical in cold molecular clouds and star-forming regions. The new rate coefficients were found to increase the hyperfine intensities by a factor of ∼1–2. Consequently, we recommend using this new set of data in any astrophysical model of OH excitation.
An extended Pal 5 stream in Gaia DR2
Authors: Starkman Nathaniel , Bovy Jo , Webb Jeremy J 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a detailed search for members of the Pal 5 tidal tail system in Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2). Tidal tails provide a sensitive method for measuring the current and past gravitational potential of their host galaxy as well as for testing predictions for the abundance of dark matter subhaloes. The Pal 5 globular cluster and its associated tails are an excellent candidate for such analysis; however, only ∼23° of arc are currently known, with in particular the leading tail much shorter than the trailing. Using Gaia DR2 and its precise astrometry, we extend the known extent of the Pal 5 tail to ∼30°, 7° of which are newly detected along the leading arm. The detected leading and trailing arms are symmetric in length and remain near constant width. This detection constrains proposed models in which the Galactic bar truncates Pal 5’s leading arm. Follow-up spectroscopic observations are necessary to verify the candidate stream stars are consistent with the known tidal tails. If confirmed, this Pal 5 stream extension opens up new possibilities to constrain the Galactic potential.
Expanding a Music Therapy Business Using AMTA’s Aspirational Code of Ethics
Authors: Pizzi Meredith Roman 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
While all music therapists look to the Code of Ethics as a guiding document, music therapists who are self-employed or managing teams rely heavily on this document to create sound business and administrative policies. This article articulates how the 2019 Code of Ethics informs the music therapy entrepreneur or manager to make thoughtful, accountable, and ethical decisions, decreases confusion about specific business practices, and addresses significant concerns related to aspects of the previous AMTA Code of Ethics that were in conflict with federal anti-trust regulations in the United States, including the Sherman Anti-Trust Law. To address the legal and ethical issues inherent in expanding a service business, a discussion guided by the 2019 Code of Ethics and the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics (2009) model is provided as a way to think through potential ethical dilemmas when considering subcontracting music therapy services.
Structure specific recognition of telomeric repeats containing RNA by the RGG-box of hnRNPA1
Authors: Ghosh Meenakshi , Singh Mahavir 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The telomere repeats containing RNA (TERRA) is transcribed from the C-rich strand of telomere DNA and comprises of UUAGGG nucleotides repeats in humans. The TERRA RNA repeats can exist in single stranded, RNA-DNA hybrid and G-quadruplex forms in the cell. Interaction of TERRA RNA with hnRNPA1 has been proposed to play critical roles in maintenance of telomere DNA. hnRNPA1 contains an N-terminal UP1 domain followed by an RGG-box containing C-terminal region. RGG-motifs are emerging as key protein motifs that recognize the higher order nucleic acid structures as well as are known to promote liquid-liquid phase separation of proteins. In this study, we have shown that the RGG-box of hnRNPA1 specifically recognizes the TERRA RNA G-quadruplexes that have loops in their topology, whereas it does not interact with the single-stranded RNA. Our results show that the N-terminal UP1 domain in the presence of the RGG-box destabilizes the loop containing TERRA RNA G-quadruplex efficiently compared to the RNA G-quadruplex that lacks loops, suggesting that unfolding of G-quadruplex structures by UP1 is structure dependent. Furthermore, we have compared the telomere DNA and TERRA RNA G-quadruplex binding by the RGG-box of hnRNPA1 and discussed its implications in telomere DNA maintenance.
Living in a World of Change: Bridging the Gap From Competency-Based Medical Education Theory to Practice in Canada
Authors: Dagnone Jeffrey Damon , Chan Ming-Ka , Meschino Diane , Bandiera Glen , den Rooyen Corry , Matlow Anne , McEwen Laura , Scheele Fedde , St. Croix Rhonda 
Published: February 2020

Within graduate medical education, many educators are experiencing a climate of significant change. One transformation, competency-based medical education (CBME), is occurring simultaneously across much of the world, and implementation will require navigating numerous tensions and paradoxes. Successful transformation requires many types of power and is most likely to happen when the medical education community of professionals is engaged in designing, experimenting, acting, and sensemaking together.
In this complex climate, the craft of change facilitators and community leaders is needed more than ever. National top-down policies and structures, while important, are not sufficient. The operationalization of new advances is best done when local leaders are afforded room to shape their local context. An evidence-based approach to thinking about the transformative change associated with CBME needs to be adopted. In this age of entrustment, 3 priorities are paramount: (1) engage, entrust, and empower professionals with increasing shared ownership of the innovation; (2) better prepare education professionals in leadership and transformational change techniques in the complex system of medical education; and (3) leverage the wider community of practice to maximize local CBME customization. These recommendations, although based largely on the Canadian experience, are intended to inform CBME transformation in any context.
Effect on Opioids Requirement of Early Administration of Intranasal Ketamine for Acute Traumatic Pain
Authors: Bouida Wahid , Bel Haj Ali Khaoula , Ben Soltane Houda , Msolli Mohamed Amine , Boubaker Hamdi , Sekma Adel , Beltaief Kaouthar , Grissa Mohamed Habib , Methamem Mehdi , Boukef Riadh , Belguith Asma , Nouira Semir 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of early administration of low-dose intranasal ketamine on reducing the need for opioid and nonopioid analgesic agents in emergency department (ED) patients with acute moderate to severe acute limbs’ trauma pain.

Patients and Methods:
This is a double-blind, randomized, prospective, controlled study conducted in the ED. The included patients were randomly assigned to intranasal pulverization of ketamine or placebo. Protocol treatment was given at the triage. The primary outcome is the need for opioids during ED stay. Secondary outcome included the requirement of nonopioid analgesic agents and the percentage of patients discharged from the ED with a visual analog scale (VAS) <30. A combined outcome score including the 3 outcome items was constructed.

Results:
The authors included 1102 patients, 550 patients in the placebo group, and 552 in the intranasal ketamine group. The groups were similar regarding demographics, clinical characteristics, and baseline VAS. The need for opioids was decreased in the intranasal ketamine group compared with the placebo group (17.2% vs. 26.5%; P<0.001). The need for nonopioid analgesics was significantly lower in the intranasal ketamine group compared with the placebo group (31.1% vs. 39.6%; P=0.003). The percentage of patients discharged with a VAS score <30 was significantly higher in the intranasal ketamine group (P<0.001). The mean combined outcome score was 0.97 in the placebo group and 0.67 in the intranasal ketamine group (P<0.001).

Conclusion:
Intranasal ketamine administered early in the triage was associated with a decrease in opioids and nonopioid analgesics need in patients with acute limb trauma-related pain.
Locking Screws With a Threaded Degradable Polymer Collar Reduce Construct Stiffness Over Time
Authors: Schultz Blake J. , Amin Nirav H. , Mattison Braden J. , Mir Hassan R. , Shah Anjan R. , Cerynik Douglas L. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
The stiffness of locking plates provide increased stability for early fracture healing but may limit late interfragmentary motion (IFM) necessary for secondary bone healing. An ideal plating construct would provide early rigidity and late flexibility to optimize bone healing. A novel screw plate construct utilizing locking screws with a degradable polymer locking mechanism is a dynamic option.

Methods:
Conventional locked plating constructs (group A) were compared with locking screws with a threaded degradable polymer collar before (group B) and after polymer dissolution (group C). Monotonic axial compression, monotonic torsion, cyclic axial load to failure, and IFM at the near and far cortices were tested on synthetic bone models.

Results:
One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey–Kramer testing demonstrated similar axial stiffness in group A (873 ± 146 N/mm) and B (694 ± 314 N/mm) but significantly less stiffness in group C (379 ± 59 N/mm; F(2,15) = 9.12, P = 0.003). Groups A and B also had similar IFM, but group C had significantly increased IFM at both the near (F(2, 15) = 48.66, P = 2.76E-07) and far (F(2, 15) = 11.78, P = 0.0008) cortices. In cyclic axial load to failure, group A (1593 ± 233 N) and B (1277 ± 141 N) were again similar, but group C was significantly less (912 ± 256 N; F(2, 15) = 15.00, P = 0.0003). All failures were above the 500-N threshold seen in typical weight-bearing restrictions for fracture care. Torsional stiffness demonstrated significant differences between all groups (F(2, 15) = 106.64, P = 1.4E-09).

Conclusions:
Use of locking plates with a degradable polymer collar show potential for in vitro construct dynamization. Future in vivo studies are warranted to assess performance under combined loading and the effects of decreasing construct stiffness during the course of bony healing.
The Effectiveness of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Versus Conventional Dressing in the Treatment of Open Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Grant-Freemantle Marc C. , Ryan Éanna J. , Flynn Sean O. , Moloney Darren P. , Kelly Michael A. , Coveney Eamonn I. , O'Daly Brendan J. , Quinlan John F. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
To compare the efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) versus conventional dressings (CD) in the management of open fractures.

Data Sources:
A systematic search of English articles in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library through April 2019 comparing NPWT versus CD in the management of open fractures.

Study Selection:
Inclusion criteria were articles in English language, comparing NPWT with CD in skeletally mature individuals who had sustained an open fracture at any anatomical site, reporting on rates of deep infection, flap frequency, flap failure, nonunion, amputation, length of hospital, or intensive care unit stay.

Data Extraction:
Two authors independently extracted data from selected studies, and the data collected were compared with verify agreement.

Data Synthesis:
Pooled odds ratios were calculated for dichotomous outcomes, whereas continuous data were analyzed using the standard weighted mean difference. A random or fixed effect model was used depending on the level of heterogeneity between the studies.

Conclusions:
NPWT results in decreased likelihood of deep infection and flap failure compared with CD in the management of open fractures not directly amenable to early closure.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The NuVasive MAGEC Rod Urgent Field Safety Notice Concerning Locking Pin Fracture
Authors: Joyce Thomas J. , Smith Simon L. , Kandemir Goksu , Rushton Paul R. P. , Fender David , Bowey Andrew J. , Gibson Michael J. 
Published: February 2020

Study Design.
Analysis of explanted MAGnetic Expansion Control (MAGEC) growing rods.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to quantify the rate of locking pin breakage in explanted MAGEC rods and compare with the manufacturer's data.

Summary of Background Data.
On June 25, 2019, NuVasive released an Urgent Field Safety Notice stating that MAGEC rods manufactured before March 26, 2015 had a higher than expected locking pin breakage rate of 5%. For rods made on or after that date, no pin breakages had occurred.

Methods.
From our independent explant database of 139 explanted MAGEC rods supplied from 10 UK spinal centers (Belfast, Bristol, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Exeter, Leeds, Newcastle, Nottingham, Oxford, and Sheffield) and one Danish center (Aarhus), we divided the rods into those manufactured before March 26, 2015, and those manufactured on or after that date. MAGEC rods were cut open to fully assess internal components including locking pins. From each of the two cohorts, 10 locking pins were selected at random and their diameters were measured using a micrometer.

Results.
One hundred and five explanted MAGEC rods were made before March 26, 2015 and could be disassembled to allow the locking pin to be examined. Fifty-nine percent (62/105) of these locking pins had fractured. For the MAGEC rods manufactured on or after March 26, 2015, 21% (6/29) were found to have fractured locking pins. Locking pins in MAGEC rods made on or after March 26, 2015 were of a stronger material and a larger diameter.

Conclusion.
Fifty-nine percent of the locking pins in MAGEC rods manufactured before March 26, 2015 had fractured, far greater than the 5% stated in the Urgent Field Safety Notice. Locking pin fracture still occurred in MAGEC rods manufactured on or after that date, in 21% of cases. This contrasted with the 0% reported by the manufacturer.

Level of Evidence: 4
A Long-Term Follow-up, Multicenter, Comparative Study of the Radiologic, and Clinical Results Between a CaO-SiO2-P2O5-B2O3 Bioactive Glass Ceramics (BGS-7) Intervertebral Spacer and Titanium Cage in 1-Level Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Lee Jae Hyup , Kim Sun Ki , Kang Sung Shik , Han Seung Jung , Lee Choon-Ki , Chang Bong-Soon 
Published: February 2020

Study Design:
This is a prospective, stratified randomized, multicenter, 4-year follow-up study.

Objective:
The authors aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical efficacy and safety of CaO-SiO2-P2O5-B2O3 glass ceramics (BGS-7) spacers in 1-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) at a 4-year follow-up.

Summary of Background Data:
According to 1-year follow-up results, BGS-7 spacer showed similar fusion rates and clinical outcomes compared with titanium cage. A long-term follow-up study beyond 2 years is necessary to investigate the status of intervertebral bone graft volumes. Moreover, longer follow-up is mandatory to also evaluate the safety and efficacy of BGS-7 spacers, because they remain in the intervertebral space for a long time.

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective, randomized, multicenter, 4-year follow-up study, we evaluated 62 of the 74 patients who underwent 1-level PLIF. During 1-level PLIF, titanium cages filled with autologous local bone were inserted into the control group patients and BGS-7 spacers were inserted to the experimental group patients. Bone fusion was evaluated by plain radiography and thin-section computed tomography. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), and evaluation of safety were conducted after 48 months.

Results:
Computed tomography scan showed a bone fusion rate of 90.6% in the BGS-7 spacer group and 93.3% in the control group, with no significant differences between groups. The BGS-7 spacer group showed a significantly larger area directly fused to the endplate than the control group (P<0.001). The BGS-7 spacer group showed a significant increase in the fused area compared with the titanium group at 1- and 4-year follow-up. The ODI, SF-36, back pain, and lower limb pain in both groups showed significant improvement after surgery, and no significant differences were observed between the groups. Both groups showed no additional adverse events.

Conclusions:
The 4-year follow-up study showed similar fusion rates and clinical outcomes in both the BGS-7 spacer and autologous bone with a titanium cage in 1-level PLIF. However, the BGS-7 spacer implants showed a larger area of fusion with the endplates than that of autologous bone with a titanium cage. Therefore, the results demonstrated that the BGS-7 spacer can be considered as a novel intervertebral spacer to achieve successful spinal fusion without safety concerns for long-term use.