bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal binding past the Libet clock: testing design factors for an auditory timer
Authors: Muth Felicitas V. , Wirth Robert , Kunde Wilfried 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVoluntary actions and causally linked sensory stimuli are perceived to be shifted towards each other in time. This so-called temporal binding is commonly assessed in paradigms using the Libet Clock. In such experiments, participants have to estimate the timing of actions performed or ensuing sensory stimuli (usually tones) by means of a rotating clock hand presented on a screen. The aforementioned task setup is however ill-suited for many conceivable setups, especially when they involve visual effects. To address this shortcoming, the line of research presented here establishes an alternative measure for temporal binding by using a sequence of timed sounds. This method uses an auditory timer, a sequence of letters presented during task execution, which serve as anchors for temporal judgments. In four experiments, we manipulated four design factors of this auditory timer, namely interval length, interval filling, sequence predictability, and sequence length, to determine the most effective and economic method for measuring temporal binding with an auditory timer.
The Сoncept of an Advanced Training Сourse in Information Culture for Students of Economic Spesialties
Authors: Panshin N. A. 
Published: October 2020

Based on the analysis of the theory and practice of modern digital transformation, approaches and the concept of the content of an advanced training course in information culture (in modern conditions - digital culture) are offered for students of economic specialties. The place and role of the general culture and information culture, as its component, in the modern digital economy are determined and the conceptual structure of the training course on information culture for economic specialties is proposed, taking into account the features of the digital economy and new opportunities to improve the efficiency of the use of information systems and the formation of information resources.Unlike existing courses, when digital culture is understood as “creating an environment in which managers recognize the important role of technology for business, ensure the availability of information and train employees for the most comfortable and efficient use of technological tools”, the article substantiates the need to understand the natural harmony of complex self-organization information systems.In relation to economic specialties, the essence of the proposed concept of the training course is in-depth Understanding by students of the essence of modern information (digital) culture as an institution of creating conditions for economic agents to use the capabilities of modern information (digital) ecosystems for the effective interaction of individuals and enterprises and their accelerated adaptation to technological innovations.Based on the concept, the structure of the course is proposed, which includes four blocks of topics studied: the nature and role of culture in the economy; digital transformation and digital economy; the basics of website content generation and data visualization; approaches to assessing the effectiveness of information and digital culture.
A Featureless Infrared Transmission Spectrum for the Super-puff Planet Kepler-79d
Authors: Chachan Yayaati , Jontof-Hutter Daniel , Knutson Heather A. , Adams Danica , Gao Peter , Benneke Björn , Berta-Thompson Zachory , Dai Fei , Deming Drake , Ford Eric B. , Lee Eve J. , Libby-Roberts Jessica E. , Madhusudhan Nikku , Wakeford Hannah R. , Wong Ian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Extremely low-density planets (“super-puffs”) are a small but intriguing subset of the transiting planet population. With masses in the super-Earth range (1 − 10

) and radii akin to those of giant planets (> 4

), their large envelopes may have been accreted beyond the water snow line and many appear to be susceptible to catastrophic mass loss. Both the presence of water and the importance of mass loss can be explored using transmission spectroscopy. Here, we present new Hubble space telescope WFC3 spectroscopy and updated Kepler transit depth measurements for the super-puff Kepler-79d. We do not detect any molecular absorption features in the 1.1 − 1.7 μm WFC3 bandpass, and the combined Kepler and WFC3 data are consistent with a flat-line model, indicating the presence of aerosols in the atmosphere. We compare the shape of Kepler-79d’s transmission spectrum to predictions from a microphysical haze model that incorporates an outward particle flux due to ongoing mass loss. We find that photochemical hazes offer an attractive explanation for the observed properties of super-puffs like Kepler-79d, as they simultaneously render the near-infrared spectrum featureless and reduce the inferred envelope mass-loss rate by moving the measured radius (optical depth unity surface during transit) to lower pressures. We revisit the broader question of mass-loss rates for super-puffs and find that the age estimates and mass-loss rates for the majority of super-puffs can be reconciled if hazes move the photosphere from the typically assumed pressure of ∼10 mbar to

bar.
Reliability Correction is Key for Robust Kepler Occurrence Rates
Authors: Bryson Steve , Coughlin Jeffrey L. , Kunimoto Michelle , Mullally Susan E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Kepler DR25 planet candidate catalog was produced using an automated method of planet candidate identification based on various tests. These tests were tuned to obtain a reasonable but arbitrary balance between catalog completeness and reliability. We produce new catalogs with differing balances of completeness and reliability by varying these tests, and study the impact of these alternative catalogs on occurrence rates. We find that if there is no correction for reliability, different catalogs give statistically inconsistent occurrence rates, while if we correct for both completeness and reliability, we get statistically consistent occurrence rates. This is a strong indication that correction for completeness and reliability is critical for the accurate computation of occurrence rates. Additionally, we find that this result is the same whether using Bayesian Poisson-likelihood Markov Chain Monte Carlo or Approximate Bayesian Computation methods. We also examine the use of a Robovetter disposition score cut as an alternative to reliability correction, and find that while a score cut does increase the reliability of the catalog, it is not as accurate as performing a full reliability correction. We get the same result when performing a reliability correction with and without a score cut. Therefore removing low-score planets removes data without providing any advantage, and should be avoided when possible. We make our alternative catalogs publicly available, and propose that these should be used as a test of occurrence rate methods, with the requirement that a method should provide statistically consistent occurrence rates for all these catalogs.
On the Orbital Elements of the Two-body Problem with Slowly Decreasing Mass: The Gyldén–Mestchersky Cases
Authors: Abad Alberto , Calvo Manuel , Docobo José A. , Elipe Antonio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We study the dynamics of two-body problems with gravitational parameters μ = μ(t) decreasing with the time. In particular we focus our attention on the behavior of the orbital elements in the first two Gyldén–Mestchersky cases: in the first case (GM-I)

, where μ
0 is the constant initial value of the parameter and α a small positive constant. In the second case (GM-II)

. In the GM-I problem, using a suitable transformation of the radius vector and the physical time, which reduces the original problem to a pure Kepler problem, we are able to obtain explicit analytical expressions of the orbital elements that hold true for all

and therefore derive their asymptotic behavior. Moreover using the alternative scaled time these expressions show clearly their periodic and secular terms. For the GM-II problem a similar transformation to the GM-I problem leads to a perturbed Kepler problem with a radial direction perturbation. Although exact solutions in terms of elliptic functions may be obtained, the use of some integrals leads to analytical expressions of orbital elements that allow us to study their behavior. Finally, some comparisons between the time evolution of elements in both problems are also included.
Hydrodynamical Modeling of the Light Curves of Core-collapse Supernovae with HYPERION. I. The Mass Range 13–25 M⊙, the Metallicities −3 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0, and the Case of SN 1999em
Authors: Limongi Marco , Chieffi Alessandro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present the last version of HYdrodynamic Ppm Explosion with Radiation diffusION (Hyperion), a hydrodynamic code designed to calculate the explosive nucleosynthesis, remnant mass, and light curve associated with the explosion of a massive star. By means of this code, we compute the explosion of a subset of red supergiant models taken from the database published by Limongi & Chieffi for various explosion energies in the range ∼0.20–2.00 × 1051 erg. The main outcomes of these simulations, i.e., remnant mass, synthesized 56Ni, luminosity, and length of the plateau of the bolometric light curve, are analyzed as a function of the initial parameters of the star (mass and metallicity) and the explosion energy. As a first application of Hyperion, we estimated the mass and metallicity of the progenitor star of SN 1999em, a well-studied Type IIP supernova, by means of the light-curve fitting. In particular, if the adopted distance to the host galaxy NGC 1637 is 7.83 Mpc, the properties of the light curve point toward a progenitor with an initial mass of 13 M
⊙ and a metallicity [Fe/H] = −1. If, on the contrary, the adopted distance modulus is 11.7 Mpc, all models with initial mass 13 ≤ M/M
⊙ ≤ 15 and metallicities −1 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0 are compatible with the progenitor of SN 1999em.
Exploring the Chemistry Induced by Energetic Processing of the H2-bearing, CO-rich Apolar Ice Layer
Authors: Martín-Doménech Rafael , Maksiutenko Pavlo , Öberg Karin I. , Rajappan Mahesh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Interstellar ice mantles on the surfaces of dust grains are thought to have a bilayered structure, with a H2O-rich polar layer, covered by a CO-rich apolar layer that probably harbors H2 and other volatiles such as N2. In this work, we explore the chemistry induced by 2 keV electrons and Lyα photons in H2:CO:15N2 ice analogs of the CO-rich layer when exposed to similar fluences to those expected from the cosmic-ray-induced secondary electrons and UV photons during the typical lifetime of dense clouds. Six products were identified upon 2 keV electron irradiation: CO2, C2O (and other carbon chain oxides), CH4, H2CO, H2C2O, and H15NCO. The total product abundances corresponded to 5%−10% of the initial CO molecules exposed to electron irradiation. Lyα photon irradiation delivered one to two orders of magnitude lower yields with a similar product branching ratio, which may be due to the low UV-photon absorption cross section of the ice sample at this wavelength. Formation of additional N-bearing species, namely C2
15N2 and 15NH3, was only observed in the absence of H2 and CO molecules, respectively, suggesting that reactants derived from H2 and CO molecules preferentially react with each other instead of with 15N2 and its dissociation products. In summary, ice chemistry induced by energetic processing of the CO-rich apolar ice layer provides alternative formation pathways for several species detected in the interstellar medium, including some related to the complex organic molecule chemistry. Further quantification of these pathways will help astrochemical models constrain their relative contribution to the interstellar budget of, especially, the organic species H2CO and HNCO.
The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey Large Program: The Infrared Excess of z = 1.5–10 UV-selected Galaxies and the Implied High-redshift Star Formation History
Authors: Bouwens Rychard , González-López Jorge , Aravena Manuel , Decarli Roberto , Novak Mladen , Stefanon Mauro , Walter Fabian , Boogaard Leindert , Carilli Chris , Dudzevičiūtė Ugnė , Smail Ian , Daddi Emanuele , da Cunha Elisabete , Ivison Rob , Nanayakkara Themiya , Cortes Paulo , Cox Pierre , Inami Hanae , Oesch Pascal , Popping Gergö , Riechers Dominik , van der Werf Paul , Weiss Axel , Fudamoto Yoshi , Wagg Jeff 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We make use of sensitive (9.3 μJy beam−1 rms) 1.2 mm continuum observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (ASPECS) large program to probe dust-enshrouded star formation from 1362 Lyman-break galaxies spanning the redshift range z = 1.5–10 (to ∼7–28 M
⊙ yr−1 at 4σ over the entire range). We find that the fraction of ALMA-detected galaxies in our z = 1.5–10 samples increases steeply with stellar mass, with the detection fraction rising from 0% at 109.0
M
⊙ to

% at >1010
M
⊙. Moreover, on stacking all 1253 low-mass (<109.25
M
⊙) galaxies over the ASPECS footprint, we find a mean continuum flux of −0.1 ± 0.4 μJy beam−1, implying a hard upper limit on the obscured star formation rate of <0.6 M
⊙ yr−1 (4σ) in a typical low-mass galaxy. The correlation between the infrared excess (IRX) of UV-selected galaxies (L
IR/L
UV) and the UV-continuum slope is also seen in our ASPECS data and shows consistency with a Calzetti-like relation at >

and an SMC-like relation at lower masses. Using stellar mass and β measurements for z ∼ 2 galaxies over the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey, we derive a new empirical relation between β and stellar mass and then use this correlation to show that our IRX–β and IRX–stellar mass relations are consistent with each other. We then use these constraints to express the IRX as a bivariate function of β and stellar mass. Finally, we present updated estimates of star formation rate density determinations at z > 3, leveraging present improvements in the measured IRX and recent probes of ultraluminous far-IR galaxies at z > 2.
Relationship Between Genetic Risk and Age of Diagnosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Dominguez Daniela , Kamphuis Sylvia , Beyene Joseph , Wither Joan , Harley John B. , Blanco Irene , Vila-Inda Catarina , Brunner Hermine , Klein-Gitleman Marissa , McCurdy Deborah , Wahezi Dawn M. , Lehman Thomas , Jelusic Marija , Peschken Christine A. , Pope Janet E. , Gladman Dafna D. , Hanly John G. , Clarke Ann E. , Bernatsky Sasha , Pineau Christian , Smith C. Douglas , Barr Susan , Boire Gilles , Rich Eric , Silverman Earl D. 
Published: October 2020

Objective.Specific risk alleles for childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus SLE (cSLE) vs adult-onset SLE (aSLE) patients have not been identified. The aims of this study were to determine if there is an association (1) between non-HLA–related genetic risk score (GRS) and age of SLE diagnosis, and (2) between HLA-related GRS and age of SLE diagnosis.Methods.Genomic DNA was obtained from 2001 multiethnic patients and genotyped using the Immunochip. Following quality control, genetic risk counting (GRCS), weighted (GRWS), standardized counting (GRSCS), and standardized weighted (GRSWS) scores were calculated based on independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms from validated SLE loci. Scores were analyzed in a regression model and adjusted by sex and ancestral population.Results.The analyzed cohort consisted of 1540 patients: 1351 females and 189 males (675 cSLE and 865 aSLE). There were significant negative associations between all non-HLA GRS and age of SLE diagnosis: P = 0.011 and r2 = 0.175 for GRWS; P = 0.008 and r2 = 0.178 for GRSCS; P = 0.002 and r2 = 0.176 for GRSWS (higher GRS correlated with lower age of diagnosis.) All HLA GRS showed significant positive associations with age of diagnosis: P = 0.049 and r2 = 0.176 for GRCS; P = 0.022 and r2 = 0.176 for GRWS; P = 0.022 and r2 = 0.176 for GRSCS; P = 0.011 and r2 = 0.177 for GRSWS (higher GRS correlated with higher age of diagnosis).Conclusion.Our data suggest that there is a linear relationship between genetic risk and age of SLE diagnosis and that HLA and non-HLA GRS are associated with age of diagnosis in opposite directions.
Giant Cell Arteritis and COVID-19: Similarities and Discriminators. A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Mehta Puja , Sattui Sebastian E. , van der Geest Kornelis S.M. , Brouwer Elisabeth , Conway Richard , Putman Michael S. , Robinson Philip C. , Mackie Sarah L. 
Published: October 2020

Objective.To identify shared and distinct features of giant cell arteritis (GCA) and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) to reduce diagnostic errors that could cause delays in correct treatment.Methods.Two systematic literature reviews determined the frequency of clinical features of GCA and COVID-19 in published reports. Frequencies in each disease were summarized using medians and ranges.Results.Headache was common in GCA but was also observed in COVID-19 (GCA 66%, COVID-19 10%). Jaw claudication or visual loss (43% and 26% in GCA, respectively) generally were not reported in COVID-19. Both diseases featured fatigue (GCA 38%, COVID-19 43%) and elevated inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] elevated in 100% of GCA, 66% of COVID-19), but platelet count was elevated in 47% of GCA but only 4% of COVID-19 cases. Cough and fever were commonly reported in COVID-19 and less frequently in GCA (cough, 63% for COVID-19 vs 12% for GCA; fever, 83% for COVID-19 vs 27% for GCA). Gastrointestinal upset was occasionally reported in COVID-19 (8%), rarely in GCA (4%). Lymphopenia was more common in COVID-19 than GCA (53% in COVID-19, 2% in GCA). Alteration of smell and taste have been described in GCA but their frequency is unclear.Conclusion.Overlapping features of GCA and COVID-19 include headache, fever, elevated CRP and cough. Jaw claudication, visual loss, platelet count and lymphocyte count may be more discriminatory. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of diagnostic confusion. We have designed a simple checklist to aid evidence-based evaluation of patients with suspected GCA.
Cooperative Methods and Development of Social Competence in Training of Technical Teachers
Authors: Tomory Ibolya 
Published: October 2020

The requirements of job market nowdays put emphasys on the importance of emotional intelligence and social behaviour. This fact determines the educational requirements of future teachers. One offthe efficient ways for this is to use imp-roving and student focused methods.
In this particular study we introduce a small part of the results of an experi-mental program that helped to acknowledge some of the cooperative methods and the improvement of soical skills among the participants.
From 2015, by the ivolvement of more and more new students groups the students experienced using the methods, the effects of them and the individual use fo them during the pedagogy program. According to the results and feed-backs we can that we got the following result like the imporvement of social skills,the usage of these skills in the future, the need of getting to know new methods and the deeper connection towards students.
Prior methodological knowledge and the measurement of participants' social skills are the subject of another study. Here, attitudes and opinions about joint work and changes, as well as some aspects of the development of social compe-tence, are summarized.
Assessing Primary Health Care Nurses’ Knowledge toward Immunizations: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Abdulla Ebtesam , Johnson Jessie , Munir Sadia , O'Dwyer Robin 
Published: October 2020

Background The current nursing workforce needs to be skilled, confident, and competent to address the rapid change in Primary Health Care services, to align with the National Vision of Qatar. This is emphasized in the Primary Health Care Strategy 2018-2023. This strategy outlines the need of having a skilled nursing workforce to administer and educate the public about the importance of immunizations. Primary Health Care nurses emanate from several nationalities and hence possess various level of knowledge and background related to immunization administration. Design and methods To assess Primary Health Care nurses’ knowledge before and after the delivered immunization education program in Qatar. The study was part of a Sequential mixed method research study that aimed to assess the Primary Health Care nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of nurses before and after the conducted training program. A self-administered survey, specifically developed for the research project was loaded in Qualtrics and sent to participants of the immunization education program before and after training. Participants were trained in two cohorts from October to December, 2018 in Qatar. For the purposes of this paper, data about the immunization knowledge was statistically analyzed using the SPSS Software version 25 and Microsoft Excel. Results Specific areas were identified as knowledge gaps among the participants of the two cohorts. Moreover, the developed education program showed overall improvement in the participants’ knowledge. Conclusions The study results have demonstrated that the delivered immunization education program significantly increases the participants’ knowledge about immunization in certain areas of the primary healthcare clinics they work, including vaccine safety, efficiency, and contraindications in the delivery of vaccines to the public.