bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor- and chemotherapy-induced large-vessel vasculitis: six patient cases and a systematic literature review
Authors: Taimen Kirsi , Heino Samu , Kohonen Ia , Relas Heikki , Huovinen Riikka , Hänninen Arno , Pirilä Laura 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
Patients receiving chemotherapy are prone to neutropoenic infections, presenting with non-specific symptoms such as a high fever and elevated inflammatory parameters. Large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) may have a similar clinical presentation and should be included in differential diagnostics. A few published case reports and adverse event reports suggest a causal association between LVV and the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and chemotherapy. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between LVV, G-CSF and chemotherapy.

Methods
Between 2016 and 2018, we identified six patients in Finland with probable drug-induced LVV associated with G-CSF and chemotherapy. All six patients had breast cancer. A systematic literature review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines using comprehensive search terms for cancer, chemotherapy, G-CSF and LVV.

Results
The literature search identified 18 similar published case reports, of which most were published after 2014. In all patients combined (n = 24), the time delay from the last drug administration to the LVV symptoms was on average 5 days with G-CSF (range = 1–8 days) and 9 days with chemotherapy (range = 1–21 days). Common symptoms were fever (88%), neck pain (50%) and chest pain (42%). Based on imaging, 17/24 (71%) had vascular inflammation in the thoracic aorta and supra-aortic vessels, but 5/24 (21%) reportedly had inflammation limited to the carotid area.

Conclusion
This review suggests that LVV may be a possible serious adverse event associated with G-CSF and chemotherapy. Successful management of drug-induced LVV requires early identification, through diagnostic imaging, and discontinuation of the drug.
Prognostic factors of pulmonary hypertension associated with connective tissue disease: pulmonary artery size measured by chest CT
Authors: Li Xiaodi , Zhang Chunfang , Sun Xiaoxuan , Yang Xiaoman , Zhang Miaojia , Wang Qiang , Zhu Yinsu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
Pulmonary artery enlargement is a common manifestation of chest CT in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The exact clinical significance of this phenomenon has not been clarified in connective tissue disease (CTD)-associated PAH (CTD-PAH). We aimed to explore the association between the dilatation of pulmonary artery and prognosis of CTD-PAH patients.

Methods
We retrospectively investigated 140 CTD-PAH patients diagnosed by echocardiography from 2009 to 2018. A chest multi-slice CT was performed on all the patients. Main pulmonary artery (MPA), right pulmonary artery (RPA), left pulmonary artery (LPA), ascending aorta (AAo) and descending aorta (DAo) diameters were measured. The ratios MPA/AAo and MPA/DAo were also calculated. The primary end point was all-cause mortality.

Results
During the observational period of 3.44 (0.23) years, 36 patients were followed to death. Cox univariate proportional hazard analysis showed that age, gender, MPA diameter, LPA diameter and RPA diameter were related to the risk of 5-year all-cause mortality in patients with CTD-PAH. In Cox multivariate proportional hazard analysis, MPA diameter and gender were predictors of all-cause mortality in CTD-PAH patients. An all-cause mortality risk prediction model revealed that baseline MPA diameter has the ability to predict 5-year all-cause mortality in CTD-PAH patients. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in patients with MPA ≥37.70 mm (P ≤ 0.00012) compared with MPA ≤ 37.70 mm.

Conclusion
MPA diameter ≥37.70 mm measured by chest multi-slice CT was a potential independent risk factor of the poor long-term prognosis in Chinese CTD-PAH patients.
Genome-wide Association Study of Creativity Reveals Genetic Overlap With Psychiatric Disorders, Risk Tolerance, and Risky Behaviors
Authors: Li Huijuan , Zhang Chuyi , Cai Xin , Wang Lu , Luo Fang , Ma Yina , Li Ming , Xiao Xiao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Creativity represents one of the most important and partially heritable human characteristics, yet little is known about its genetic basis. Epidemiological studies reveal associations between creativity and psychiatric disorders as well as multiple personality and behavioral traits. To test whether creativity and these disorders or traits share genetic basis, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) followed by polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses. Two cohorts of Han Chinese subjects (4,834 individuals in total) aged 18–45 were recruited for creativity measurement using typical performance test. After exclusion of the outliers with significantly deviated creativity scores and low-quality genotyping results, 4,664 participants were proceeded for GWAS. We conducted PRS analyses using both the classical pruning and thresholding (P+T) method and the LDpred method. The extent of polygenic risk was estimated through linear regression adjusting for the top 3 genotyping principal components. R2 was used as a measurement of the explained variance. PRS analyses demonstrated significantly positive genetic overlap, respectively, between creativity with schizophrenia ((P+T) method: R2(max) ~ .196%, P = .00245; LDpred method: R2(max) ~ .226%, P = .00114), depression ((P+T) method: R2(max) ~ .178%, P = .00389; LDpred method: R2(max) ~ .093%, P = .03675), general risk tolerance ((P+T) method: R2(max) ~ .177%, P = .00399; LDpred method: R2(max) ~ .305%, P = .00016), and risky behaviors ((P+T) method: R2(max) ~ .187%, P = .00307; LDpred method: R2(max) ~ .155%, P = .00715). Our results suggest that human creativity is probably a polygenic trait affected by numerous variations with tiny effects. Genetic variations that predispose to psychiatric disorders and risky behaviors may underlie part of the genetic basis of creativity, confirming the epidemiological associations between creativity and these traits.
Inflammatory response in trauma patients: are there ways to decrease the inflammatory reaction?
Authors: Schlömmer Christine , Meier Jens 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of review
Trauma patients are considered a complex population of patients in emergency medicine and need extensive, specialized therapy. One major part is the prevention and treatment of the inflammatory response, which occurs in patients after severe injury resulting in complications like endotheliopathy. Likely as a consequence, coagulopathy occurs. Sterile inflammation is hard to address, especially because of the lack of a single activator. Moreover, it is a complex composition of factors that lead to a pathologic immune response. Our understanding of these patterns is increasing, but the complete pathophysiologic changes have yet to be investigated. Therefore, there is no specific target to treat inflammatory response in trauma patients at the moment.

Recent findings
There is increasing knowledge of the pathways and mediators that are responsible for the inflammatory response in patients after severe trauma. The endothelial glycocalyx has been identified to be an integral part of these mechanisms. There have been several new therapeutic approaches to diminish the inflammatory response.

Summary
Our increasing understanding of the immune system have led to new potential therapeutic perspectives. All of these approaches need further research to be validated. As the current therapies are based on empirical strategies and have not changed much over the years, new treatment options would be an important progress.
A Diagnostic Approach to Myelopathy Based on Prognostic Factors in Patients With Lower Extremity Symptoms
Authors: Tsukamoto Manabu , Nakamura Eiichiro , Narusawa Kenichiro , Shimizu Kenji , Otomo Hajime , Yamane Hirotoshi , Muramoto Teppei , Yamada Shinji , Sakai Akinori 
Published: February 2020

Study Design.
Case-control study.

Objective.
We aimed to identify predictors for latent myelopathy and to develop a diagnostic protocol based on these factors.

Summary of Background data.
There is no diagnostic protocol for latent myelopathy to avoid misdiagnosis in patients complaining only of lower extremity symptoms.

Methods.
This case-control study identified 791 patients discussed at conferences from April 2006 to August 2012. Overall, 460 patients complaining only of lower extremity symptoms and who underwent spine surgery were included as participants; 54 underwent surgery involving the cervical and thoracic vertebrae and were assigned to the cervical-thoracic group (C-T group); 406 underwent lumbar surgery and were assigned to the lumbar group (L group).

Results.
By univariate analysis, age ≥67 years, patellar tendon (PT) hyperreflexia, Achilles tendon (AT) hyperreflexia, spastic gait, and gait inability were more common in the C-T group than in the L group. By multivariate analysis, age ≥67 years (OR, 8; P = 0.001), AT hyperreflexia (OR, 20.5; P < 0.001), spastic gait (OR, 225; P < 0.001), and gait inability (OR, 64; P < 0.001) were significant predictive factors. In patients with age ≥67 years, PT hyperreflexia, and/or AT hyperreflexia, the sensitivity for myelopathy diagnosis was 98%. In patients with spastic gait or gait inability, the specificity of myelopathy diagnosis was 96%.

Conclusions.
We analyzed factors that predict latent myelopathy in patients complaining only of lower extremity symptoms. We believe a diagnostic protocol based on the predictors shown in this study would contribute to the accurate diagnosis of latent myelopathy.

Level of Evidence: 4
Additional Magnetic Resonance or Nuclear Scintigraphy Imaging Influences Approach to Vertebral Augmentation
Authors: Martin Jonathan G. , Goldman Daryl T. , Dabrowiecki Alexander M. , Newsome Janice , Bercu Zachary L. , Gilliland Charles 
Published: February 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective review.

Objective.
To ascertain impact of preprocedural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or nuclear medicine Tc99m-DMP scintigraphy on the treatment plan when compared with plain films and/or computed tomography prior to vertebral augmentation procedures.

Summary of Background Data.
Over 1 million vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) occur in the United States annually with over 150,000 individuals hospitalized each year. Physical examination and history are essential to the workup of VCFs, but imaging remains necessary for confirming the diagnosis. VCFs can be imaged with various modalities and there is limited data on the comparative effectiveness of different imaging modalities.

Methods.
Six hundred fifty consecutive patients treated with vertebral augmentation at a single institution between May of 2013 and April of 2018 were reviewed. Preprocedure imaging of the spine obtained within 30 days prior to the procedure were reviewed. Preprocedure imaging results were cross-referenced against the levels treated by vertebral augmentation to determine whether there was a change in the levels treated after receiving an MRI or NM imaging study.

Results.
Three hundred sixty-three patients had adequate imaging for inclusion. One hundred fifty-four of these 363 patients (42.4%) had an alteration of their treatment plan based upon the MR or NM imaging. Fewer vertebral levels were treated in 33, different levels were treated in 41, and more levels were treated in 80 patients.

Conclusion.
MRI or nuclear medicine bone scan imaging prior to vertebral augmentation altered the location and number of levels treated in a large percentage of patients, adding specificity to treatment over findings on radiographs or computed tomography alone.

Level of Evidence: 3
Is Bone Nonunion, Vertebral Deformity, or Spinopelvic Malalignment the Best Therapeutic Target for Amelioration of Low Back Pain After Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture?
Authors: Iwata Akira , Kanayama Masahiro , Oha Fumihiro , Shimamura Yukitoshi , Hashimoto Tomoyuki , Takahata Masahiko , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: February 2020

Study Design.
Cohort study (level 3).

Objective.
The aim of this study was to identify independent risk factors for residual low back pain (LBP) following osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF).

Summary of Background Data.
Nonunion has been proposed as the primary cause of residual LBP following OVF. However, LBP can occur even when union is maintained. Other reported causes of LBP after OVF include vertebral deformities and spinopelvic malalignment.

Methods.
Sixty-seven patients with single-level thoracolumbar OVF who had not received previous osteoporotic treatment were enrolled. Conservative treatment was conducted using a soft lumbosacral orthosis plus osteoporosis drugs, either weekly alendronate (bisphosphonate) or daily teriparatide. Pain scores, kyphosis angle of fractured vertebra (VKA), and spinopelvic alignment, including pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis (PI–LL), were assessed periodically during treatment. Radiographic union was evaluated independently by three specialists at 24 weeks post-admission. Patients were divided by pain scores >40% at 24 weeks into the LBP (n = 36) and non-LBP (n = 31) groups. Temporal changes and statistical associations were examined to identify risk factors for LBP at 24 weeks.

Results.
At 24 weeks, 25% of OVFs failed to achieve union. The LBP group consisted of 71% of nonunion and 48% of union cases. Stepwise multinomial regression analysis showed VKA at 24 weeks >25° was significant risk factor for the LBP group (odds ratio: 6.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.77–22.02, P = 0.004). Significant differences in VKA emerged during treatment in the LBP group, but PI-LL showed the tendency not to change throughout the treatment period. Non-union was correlated with VKA (area under the curve: 0.864).

Conclusion.
Although spinopelvic malalignment is considered as a preexisting factor for LBP, VKA exacerbated by nonunion predominantly led to LBP after a new OVF. Each incidence of OVF should be treated to limit further morphological changes to the fractured vertebra.

Level of Evidence: 3
Traumatic Atlanto-occipital Dislocation
Authors: Chang Dong-Gune , Park Jong-Beom , Song Kyung-Jin , Park Heui-Jeon , Kim Whoan Jeang , Heu Jun Young 
Published: February 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective case analyses.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of associated upper cervical spine injuries in 15 survival cases of traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD).

Summary of Background Data.
Traumatic AOD is a rare and generally fatal injury. Information regarding associated upper cervical spine injuries that may affect treatment methods, outcomes, and prognosis is limited.

Methods.
Fifteen patients (11 patients with posterior-type AOD and four patients with vertical-type AOD) who survived traumatic AOD were included in this study. Plain radiographs, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and medical records were reviewed. The incidence and characteristics of associated upper and lower cervical spine and thoracolumbar spine injuries and brain injuries were evaluated.

Results.
Thirteen patients with traumatic AOD (11 patients with posterior-type AOD and two patients with vertical-type AOD) showed associated upper cervical spine injuries; the overall incidence was 87% (100% in posterior-type AOD and 50% in vertical-type AOD). In posterior-type AOD, eight (72.7%) patients had C1 fractures (four patients had three-part fracture, three patients had two-part fracture, and one patient had four-part fracture), four (36.4%) patients had C1 lateral mass fractures, two (18.2%) patients had transverse atlantal ligament injuries. In vertical-type AOD, two (50%) patients had C1-C2 vertical subluxation with C1 anterior arch horizontal and sagittal split fractures. In posterior-type AOD, two (18%) patients had lower cervical spine injuries and one (9%) patient had brain injury. In vertical-type AOD, one (25%) patient had thoracic spine injury, and three (75%) patients had brain injuries additionally.

Conclusion.
Survival cases with traumatic AOD showed a high incidence of associated upper cervical spine injuries and brain injuries. High index of suspicion and careful radiologic examination are needed to investigate the presence of associated upper cervical spine injuries and brain injuries in traumatic AOD, which affects treatment, outcome, and prognosis.

Level of Evidence: 4
Weekly Teriparatide Versus Bisphosphonate for Bone Union During 6 Months After Multi-Level Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Osteoporotic Patients
Authors: Oba Hiroki , Takahashi Jun , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Ebata Shigeto , Mukaiyama Keijiro , Ohba Tetsuro , Ushirozako Hiroki , Kuraishi Shugo , Ikegami Shota , Uehara Masashi , Takizawa Takashi , Munakata Ryo , Hatakenaka Terue , Matsuyama Yukihiro , Haro Hirotaka 
Published: February 2020

Study Design.
Multicenter, prospective randomized study.

Objective.
Evaluate the impact of weekly teriparatide (WT) and bone contact (BC) status of grafted bone in patients recovering from multilevel lumbar interbody fusion (M-LIF).

Summary of Background Data.
WT has been reported to significantly improve bone fusion following posterior or transforaminal interbody fusion in osteoporosis patients.

Methods.
Patients older than 50 years and osteoporotic were recruited. We defined the fusion of two or more consecutive intervertebral levels as M-LIF. All patients were instrumented with pedicle, iliac, or S-2 alar iliac screws after transplanting cages and autogenous bone between vertebral bodies. After surgical indication for M-LIF, the subjects were randomly allocated to receive either subcutaneous WT from 1 week to 6 months postoperatively (WT arm, N = 50) or a bisphosphonate (BP; BP arm, N = 54). Blinded radiological evaluations were performed using computed tomography (CT). Evaluation of bone fusion was performed at the intervertebral disc located at the bottom of the fixed range. The degree of bone fusion was calculated as a score from 2 to 6 points, with 2 defined as complete fusion. Bone fusion rate was also compared at 6 months postoperatively based on BC status of the grafted bone on CT immediately after surgery.

Results.
Mean bone fusion score at 6 months postoperatively was 3.9 points in the WT group and 4.2 points in the BP group. The bone fusion rate at 6 months postoperatively tended to be higher in the WT group (46.8% vs. 32.7% in the BP group). The 6-month postoperative fusion rate of immediately postoperative of BC+ patients was significantly higher than that of BC– patients (47.4% vs. 9.5%).

Conclusion.
In M-LIF, there were no significant differences in bone fusion score between WT- and BP-treated patients. In contrast, BC status immediately postoperatively had a major impact on 6-month bone fusion.

Level of Evidence: 1
Functional changes of the lateral pterygoid muscle in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a pilot magnetic resonance images texture study
Authors: Liu Meng-Qi , Zhang Xing-Wen , Fan Wen-Ping , He Shi-Lin , Wang Yan-Yi , Chen Zhi-Ye 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background:
Texture features were the intrinsic properties of the human tissues and could efficiently detect the subtle functional changes of involved tissue. The pathologic changes of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) were significantly correlated with the temporomandibular disc displacement. However, the occult functional changes of LPM could not be detected by the naked eye on the medical images. The current study was aimed to evaluate the functional changes of the LPM in the patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) using texture analysis.

Methods:
Twenty-nine patients with TMD were performed with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging on a 3.0T MR scanner, who were consecutively recruited from the TMD clinic of Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from February 2019 to September 2019. The patients were classified into three groups according to the disc displacement: disc without displacement (DWoD), disc displacement with reduction (DDWR) and disc displacement without reduction (DDWoR). The gray-level co-occurrence matrix method was applied with the texture analysis of LPM on the axial T2-weighted imaging. The texture features included angular second moment, contrast, correlation, inverse different moment, and entropy. One-way analysis of variance was used for grouped comparisons and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was applied to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the texture parameters.

Results:
Texture contrast of LPM presented significantly lower in DDWoR (46.30 [35.03, 94.48]) than that in DWoD (123.85 [105.06, 143.23]; test statistic = 23.05; P < 0.001). Texture entropy of LPM showed significant differences among DWoD (7.62 ± 0.33), DDWR (6.76 ± 0.35), and DDWoR (6.46 ± 0.39) (P
DWoD-DDWR < 0.001, P
DWoD-DDWoR < 0.001, and P
DDWR-DDWoR = 0.014). Area under the ROC curve (AUC) demonstrated that texture entropy had an excellent diagnostic accuracy for DWoD-DDWR (AUC = 0.96) and DWoD-DDWoR (AUC = 0.98).

Conclusion:
The texture contrast and entropy could identify the altered functional status of LPM in patients with TMD and could be considered as the effective imaging biomarker to evaluate the functional changes of LPM in TMD.
Systematic Review of Complications and Recurrences After Surgical Interventions in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Bouazzi Dorra , Chafranska Lana , Saunte Ditte Marie Lindhardt , Jemec Gregor Borut Ernst 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND
The possible connection between hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) patients undergoing surgery and higher complications/recurrences has been implied, but inconsistent results reported.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the complication and recurrence rates for HS patients undergoing surgery and to evaluate whether known HS comorbidities and habits (smoking, obesity and diabetes) have an effect on the complication and recurrence rates.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review was conducted by 2 reviewers. PubMed and Embase were searched using a predefined search string created in collaboration between the authors and a librarian on January 23, 2019.

RESULTS
Of the 271 references in the original search, 54 relevant articles were identified. This systematic review indicates an overall mean complication rate of 24% and a mean recurrence rate of 20.1% for HS patients undergoing surgery.

CONCLUSION
No significant association between the known surgical risk factors and surgical complications—or recurrence rates in this patient group was found. This review revealed a lack of quality and quantity data in studying the complications/recurrences. The heterogeneity of the studies created limitations, and the presented mean complication/recurrence rates should be interpreted with the consequences thereof. It elucidates the need for better studies and a necessity for a standardized definition of postsurgical HS recurrence.