bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Fly-Height Modulation and Contact Forces in Ultra-Low Flying Head-Disk Interfaces Using a Tri-State Switching Dynamic Contact Model
Authors: Lee Sung-Chang , Polycarpou Andreas A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to achieve higher recording densities up to 1 Tbit/In2 using conventional recording technologies, the recording slider will need to “fly” within 5 nm or less from the rotating disk. In such ultra-low flying height regimes, intermittent head/disk contact is unavoidable. Head/disk contact can cause large vibrations of the recording slider in the normal and lateral (off-track) directions as well as damage the disk due to large dynamic contact forces. This paper describes a simple continuum mechanics-based model that includes the dynamics of a flying head/disk interface (HDI) as well as the contact dynamics. Specifically, a lumped parameter one degree-of-freedom, three state nonlinear dynamic model representing the normal dynamics of the HDI and an asperity-based contact model are developed. The effects of realistic (dynamic microwaviness) and harmonic input excitations, contact stiffness (surface roughness) and air-bearing force during contact on fly-height modulation (FHM) and contact force are investigated. Based on the tri-state model predictions, design guidelines for reduced FHM and dynamic contact force are suggested.
Polydispersity Effects in Evaporation of Perfluoropolyether Thin Films
Authors: Stirniman Michael , Gui Jing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The evaporation rates of bulk liquid and thin films of an alcohol-derivatized perfluoropolyether have been studied experimentally and computationally. We find that the time dependence of the evaporation rate in both cases is dominated by the polydispersity, and can be described very well by a model that incorporates the molecular weight distribution, molecular-weight-dependent Arrhenius parameters of evaporation, and Raoult’s law of vapor pressures. Minor corrections to the model that account for surface interactions are necessary in the case of thin film evaporation.
Ultrathin CNx Overcoats for 1 Tb/in2 Hard Disk Drive Systems
Authors: Li De-Jun , Guruz Murat U. , Chung Yip-Wah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Carbon nitride films were grown on silicon and hard disk substrates using pulsed dc magnetron sputtering in a single cathode deposition system. Substrates were mounted on a specially designed rotating holder that allowed 45° tilt angle and substrate rotation about the surface normal up to 20 rpm. AFM scans over 10×10 μm2 showed that 50 nm thick CNx films prepared under optimum substrate bias conditions have r.m.s. surface roughness almost four times lower than those prepared without substrate tilt and rotation. We observed a two-fold reduction in corrosion damage for hard disk substrates with 1 nm CNx overcoats deposited with substrate tilt and rotation. This improved performance is likely a result of more efficient and uniform momentum transfer parallel to the surface during deposition in this configuration.
Tribology of High Density Tape Storage Systems
Authors: Osaki Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Decreasing track width and tape thickness to increase the volumetric recording density of tape drive systems will result in the failure of tracking. The decrease in the tape thickness causes the vertical displacement of the tape forwarding position, which is controlled by pressing the lower tape edge against the lead of a stationary drum. The position of the upper tape edge is controlled by the height of the flanges of the roller guides beside the drum. The displacement of tape forwarding position causes the failure of tracking, especially with narrow track. The reduction of the static friction coefficient between the tape and the roller guides in a drive was found to be effective to reduce the excessive force with which the tape edges are pressed to the flanges or the lead, which will cause the displacement of the tape forwarding position.
Autism spectrum disorder and unintentional fatal drowning of children and adolescents in Australia: an epidemiological analysis
Authors: Peden Amy E , Willcox-Pidgeon Stacey 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesThis study explored unintentional fatal drowning among children and adolescents (0–19 years) diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Australia.DesignThis total population, cross-sectional audit used data from the Royal Life Saving National Fatal Drowning Database to explore demographic and causal factors in ASD drowning cases between 1 July 2002 and 30 June 2018. Rates and relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for drowning cases with and without ASD, using estimated population-level prevalence data.ResultsOf the 667 cases of drowning among 0–19 year olds with known medical history, 27 children and adolescents (4.0%) who drowned had an ASD diagnosis. Children and adolescents with ASD were three times more likely to drown than those without ASD (RR=2.85; CI 0.61 to 13.24). Among those with ASD, 0–4 year olds record the highest rate (11.60/100 000 diagnosed). Children and adolescents with ASD were significantly more likely to drown when compared with those without ASD: if aged 5–9 years (44.4% of ASD-yes cases; 13.3% of ASD-no cases); in a lake or dam (25.9% vs 10.0%) and during winter (37.0% vs 13.1%).ConclusionHeightened awareness of drowning risk for children and adolescents with ASD is required, including adult supervision and barriers restricting water access. Further evaluation of the effectiveness of personal alarms to alert caregivers to an unsupervised child is warranted. Challenges exist regarding accurate estimates of population-level ASD prevalence and identification of ASD in coronial files. As the diagnosis of ASD does not often occur until age five, results may be an underestimate.
Sex differences in the efficacy of antihypertensive treatment in preventing cardiovascular outcomes and reducing blood pressure: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gasbarrino Karina , Labos Christopher , Mastropietro Victoria , Hales Lindsay , Khan Nadia , Rabi Doreen , Daskalopoulou Stella S 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionHypertension is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and its prevalence is expected to rise over the next decade. Sex differences exist in the epidemiology and pathophysiology of hypertension. It is well established that antihypertensive treatment can significantly reduce the risk for stroke and other cardiovascular disease events. However, it remains unclear whether this effect is dependent on sex. In this protocol, we outlined a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of antihypertensive therapy in (1) reducing blood pressure and (2) preventing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality outcomes for each sex separately.Methods and analysisThe following electronic databases will be searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus, Web of Science, grey literature (Google Scholar) and several trial registries. Search strategies will be designed to identify human adult (≥18) randomised (and non-randomised) controlled trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, and case–control studies concerning ‘sex-specific differences associated with the efficacy of antihypertensive treatment’. A preliminary search strategy was developed for Medline (1946—16 September 2019). Two investigators will independently review each article included in the final analysis. Primary outcomes investigated are cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Pooled analyses will be conducted using the random-effects model. Publication bias will be assessed by visual inspection of funnel plots and by Begg’s and Egger’s statistical tests. Between-studies heterogeneity will be measured using the I2test (p<0.10). Sources of heterogeneity will be explored by sensitivity, subgroup and metaregression analyses.Ethics and disseminationThis is the first meta-analysis that will comprehensively compare the efficacy of antihypertensive treatment regimens between men and women. Findings will be shared through scientific conferences and societies, social media and consumer advocacy groups. Results will be used to inform the current guidelines for management of hypertension in men and women by demonstrating the importance of implementing sex-specific recommendations. Ethical considerations are not applicable for this protocol.
A purified membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila or the pasteurised bacterium blunts colitis associated tumourigenesis by modulation of CD8+ T cells in mice
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Tang Lei , Feng Yiming , Zhao Suying , Han Mei , Zhang Chuan , Yuan Gehui , Zhu Jun , Cao Shuyuan , Wu Qian , Li Lei , Zhang Zhan 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveGut microbiota have been linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that is selectively decreased in the faecal microbiota of patients with IBD, but its causative role and molecular mechanism in blunting colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) remain inconclusive. This study investigates how A. muciniphila engages the immune response in CAC.DesignMice were given dextran sulfate sodium to induce colitis, followed by azoxymethane to establish CAC with or without pasteurised A. muciniphila or a specific outer membrane protein (Amuc_1100) treatment. Faeces from mice and patients with IBD or CRC were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. The effects of A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 on the immune response in acute colitis and CAC were investigated.ResultsA. muciniphila was significantly reduced in patients with IBD and mice with colitis or CAC. A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 could improve colitis, with a reduction in infiltrating macrophages and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the colon. Their treatment also decreased CD16/32+ macrophages in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of colitis mice. Amuc_1100 elevated PD-1+ CTLs in the spleen. Moreover, A. muciniphila and Amuc_1100 blunted tumourigenesis by expanding CTLs in the colon and MLN. Remarkably, they activated CTLs in the MLN, as indicated by TNF-α induction and PD-1downregulation. Amuc_1100 could stimulate and activate CTLs from splenocytes in CT26 cell conditioned medium.ConclusionsThese data indicate that pasteurised A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 can blunt colitis and CAC through the modulation of CTLs.
Use of health services by preschool-aged children who are developmentally vulnerable and socioeconomically disadvantaged: testing the inverse care law
Authors: Woolfenden Sue , Galea Claire , Badland Hannah , Smithers Sheedy Hayley , Williams Katrina , Kavanagh Anne M , Reddihough Dinah , Goldfeld Sharon , Lingam Raghu , Badawi Nadia , O'Connor Meredith 
Published: March 2020

AimThe inverse care law suggests that those with the greatest need for services are least likely to receive them. Our aim of this study was to test the inverse care law in relation to the use of health services by children aged 4–5 years in Australia who were developmentally vulnerable and socioeconomically disadvantaged.MethodCross-sectional data were collected from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children birth cohort when the children were aged 4–5 years. Children were grouped according to the combination of developmental vulnerability (yes, no) and socioeconomic disadvantage (lower, higher), resulting in four groups (reference group: developmentally vulnerable and disadvantaged). Multivariate regression was used to examine the impact of the combination of developmental vulnerability and disadvantage on health service use, adjusting for other sociodemographic characteristics.Results3967 (90%) of children had data on developmental vulnerability at 4–5 years. A third of children (32.6%) were classified as developmentally vulnerable, and 10%–25% of these children had used health services. Non-disadvantaged children who were developmentally vulnerable (middle need) had 1.4–2.0 times greater odds of using primary healthcare, specialist and hospital services; and non-disadvantaged children who were not developmentally vulnerable (lowest need) had 1.6–1.8 times greater odds of using primary healthcare services, compared with children who were developmentally vulnerable and disadvantaged (highest need).ConclusionWe found some evidence of the inverse care law. Equity in service delivery remains a challenge that is critically important to tackle in ensuring a healthy start for children.
Peripheral blood markers of sepsis in foals born from mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis
Authors: Borba Luciana de Araujo , Nogueira Carlos Eduardo Wayne , Bruhn Fábio Raphael Pascoti , da Silva Gabriela Castro , Feijó Lorena Soares , Canisso Igor F. , Curcio Bruna da Rosa 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundNeonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal death during the first‐week postfoaling. Despite recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis in the newborn foal, the non‐specific clinical signs and subtle nature of this disease may result in delayed diagnosis until severe progression of the disease; thus, early detection of sepsis remains critical for a favourable outcome. This study aimed to identify early blood markers as predictive of sepsis on foals.MethodsThirty‐five foals were allocated into three groups: healthy control foals (n=7) and foals born from mares with placentitis: septic foals (n=9) and non‐septic foals (n=19). Blood samples were obtained immediately after foaling and at 12, 24 and 48 hours. All samples were assessed for glucose, lactate, triglycerides, total cholesterol, urea, creatinine, total solids, fibrinogen, gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), serum amyloid A (SAA) and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations.ResultsAt foaling, glucose and GGT concentrations were lower in septic foals (P<0.001). Of interest, SAA, AFP, creatinine and total cholesterol were higher in septic foals at parturition (P<0.05). At 12 hours, lactate, triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations were higher in septic foals. When evaluated at 24 and 48 hours, higher concentrations of SAA and AFP were found in placentitis foals than in the control group.ConclusionsTotal cholesterol and lactate appear to be suitable markers for sepsis during the first 24 hours postpartum. Septic foals displayed altered energy metabolisms as determined by increased triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations, hypoglycaemia at birth and reduced activity of the GGT and increased lactate and urea concentrations. Sepsis was associated with high concentrations of SAA and AFP.
Novel insights into cardiac regeneration based on differential fetal and adult ovine heart transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Locatelli Paola , Belaich Mariano N. , López Ayelén E. , Olea Fernanda D. , Uranga Vega Martín , Giménez Carlos S. , Simonin Jorge Alejandro , Bauzá María del Rosario , Castillo Marta G. , Cuniberti Luis A. , Crottogini Alberto , Cerrudo Carolina S. , Ghiringhelli Pablo D. 
Published: March 2020

The adult mammalian cardiomyocyte has a very limited capacity to reenter the cell cycle and advance into mitosis. Therefore, diseases characterized by lost contractile tissue usually evolve into myocardial remodeling and heart failure. Analyzing the cardiac transcriptome at different developmental stages in a large mammal closer to the human than laboratory rodents may serve to disclose positive and negative cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulators potentially targetable to induce cardiac regeneration in the clinical setting. Thus we aimed at characterizing the transcriptomic profiles of the early fetal, late fetal, and adult sheep heart by employing RNA-seq technique and bioinformatic analysis to detect protein-encoding genes that in some of the stages were turned off, turned on, or differentially expressed. Genes earlier proposed as positive cell cycle regulators such as cyclin A, cdk2, meis2, meis3, and PCNA showed higher expression in fetal hearts and lower in AH, as expected. In contrast, genes previously proposed as cell cycle inhibitors, such as meis1, p16, and sav1, tended to be higher in fetal than in adult hearts, suggesting that these genes are involved in cell processes other than cell cycle regulation. Additionally, we described Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment of different sets of genes. GO analysis revealed that differentially expressed gene sets were mainly associated with metabolic and cellular processes. The cell cycle-related genes fam64a, cdc20, and cdk1, and the metabolism-related genes pitx and adipoq showed strong differential expression between fetal and adult hearts, thus being potent candidates to be targeted in human cardiac regeneration strategies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We characterized the transcriptomic profiles of the fetal and adult sheep hearts employing RNAseq technique and bioinformatic analyses to provide sets of transcripts whose variation in expression level may link them to a specific role in cell cycle regulation. It is important to remark that this study was performed in a large mammal closer to humans than laboratory rodents. In consequence, the results can be used for further translational studies in cardiac regeneration.
Flow profile characteristics in Fontan circulation are associated with the single ventricle dilation and function: principal component analysis study
Authors: Schäfer Michal , Frank Benjamin S. , Humphries Stephen M. , Hunter Kendall S. , Carmody Katherine L. , Jacobsen Roni , Mitchell Max B. , Jaggers James , Stone Matthew L. , Morgan Gareth J. , Barker Alex J. , Browne Lorna P. , Ivy D. Dunbar , Younoszai Adel , Di Maria Michael V. 
Published: March 2020

The Fontan circulation is characterized as a nonpulsatile flow propagation without a pressure-generating ventricle. However, flow through the Fontan circulation still exhibits oscillatory waves as a result of pressure changes generated by the systemic single ventricle. Identification of discrete flow patterns through the Fontan circuit may be important to understand single ventricle performance. Ninety-seven patients with Fontan circulation underwent phase-contrast MRI of the right pulmonary artery, yielding subject-specific flow waveforms. Principal component (PC) analysis was performed on preprocessed flow waveforms. Principal components were then correlated with standard MRI indices of function, volume, and aortopulmonary collateral flow. The first principal component (PC) described systolic versus diastolic-dominant flow through the Fontan circulation, accounting for 31.3% of the variance in all waveforms. The first PC correlated with end-diastolic volume ( R = 0.34, P = 0.001), and end-systolic volume ( R = 0.30, P = 0.003), cardiac index ( R = 0.51, P < 0.001), and the amount of aortopulmonary collateral flow ( R = 0.25, P = 0.027)—lower ventricular volumes and a smaller volume of collateral flow—were associated with diastolic-dominant cavopulmonary flow. The second PC accounted for 19.5% of variance and described late diastolic acceleration versus deceleration and correlated with ejection fraction—diastolic deceleration was associated with higher ejection fraction. Principal components describing the diastolic flow variations in pulmonary arteries are related to the single ventricle function and volumes. Particularly, diastolic-dominant flow without late acceleration appears to be related to preserved ventricular volume and function, respectively. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The exact physiological significance of flow oscillations of phasic and temporal flow variations in Fontan circulation is unknown. With the use of principal component analysis, we discovered that flow variations in the right pulmonary artery of Fontan patients are related to the single ventricle function and volumes. Particularly, diastolic-dominant flow without late acceleration appears to be related to more ideal ventricular volume and systolic function, respectively.
A Novel Micropeptide Encoded by Y-Linked LINC00278 Links Cigarette Smoking and AR Signaling in Male Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Siqi , Zhang Liyuan , Deng Jieqiong , Guo Binbin , Li Fang , Wang Yirong , Wu Rui , Zhang Shenghua , Lu Jiachun , Zhou Yifeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been shown to play critical roles in many diseases, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Recent studies have reported that some lncRNA encode functional micropeptides. However, the association between ESCC and micropeptides encoded by lncRNA remains largely unknown. In this study, we characterized a Y-linked lncRNA, LINC00278, which was downregulated in male ESCC. LINC00278 encoded a Yin Yang 1 (YY1)-binding micropeptide, designated YY1BM. YY1BM was involved in the ESCC progression and inhibited the interaction between YY1 and androgen receptor (AR), which in turn decreased expression of eEF2K through the AR signaling pathway. Downregulation of YY1BM significantly upregulated eEF2K expression and inhibited apoptosis, thus conferring ESCC cells more adaptive to nutrient deprivation. Cigarette smoking decreased m6A modification of LINC00278 and YY1BM translation. In conclusion, these results provide a novel mechanistic link between cigarette smoking and AR signaling in male ESCC progression.

Significance:
Posttranscriptional modification of a micropeptide-encoding lncRNA is negatively impacted by cigarette smoking, disrupting negative regulation of the AR signaling pathway in male ESCC.
Renal and Cardiovascular Effects of Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Perspectives on the Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation Trial Results
Authors: Weir Matthew R. , McCullough Peter A. , Buse John B. , Anderson John 
Published: March 2020

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk is elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Disease management in these patients has been generally focused on glycemic control and controlling other renal and cardiac risk factors as, historically, few protective therapies have been available. The Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation ­(CREDENCE) trial of canagliflozin was the first study to demonstrate renal protection with a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor in patients with T2DM and CKD, and these results could have important implications for clinical practice. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> In CREDENCE, participants with T2DM and estimated glomerular filtration rate 30–&#x3c;90 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio &#x3e;300–5,000 mg/g who were treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker for ≥4 weeks prior to randomization at either the maximum labeled or tolerated dose were randomized to receive either canagliflozin 100 mg or placebo. Canagliflozin significantly reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of doubling of serum creatinine, end-stage kidney disease, or renal or cardiovascular (CV) death compared with placebo (hazard ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.59–0.82; <i>p</i> = 0.00001). Canagliflozin also reduced the risk of secondary renal and CV outcomes. The safety profile of canagliflozin in CREDENCE was generally similar to previous studies of canagliflozin. No imbalances were observed between canagliflozin and placebo in the risk of amputation or fracture in the CREDENCE population. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> The positive renal and CV effects of canagliflozin observed in the ­CREDENCE trial could have a substantial impact on improving outcomes for patients with T2DM and CKD.