bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of phosphorus and potassium to increase drought tolerance in Pereskia bleo (Kunt) DC with proline and antioxidant indicators
Authors: Sulandjari  , Sakya A T , Prahasto D H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The El Nino anomaly caused a decrease in rainfall and the occurrence of irrigation water drought. Pereskia bleo leaves contain high antioxidants. Proline in leaf tissue plays a role in reducing osmotic potential and maintaining cell turgor. Potassium can regulate the osmotic pressure and turgor, whereas Phosphate deficiency and drought will reduce the result of photosynthesis. This study aims to assess the role of Potassium and Phosphate in the tolerance and dynamics of secondary metabolites in P.bleo under drought conditions. The study was conducted from April to July 2018. The drought was artificially induced by controlling watering treatment for 30% and 60% field capacity once every 3 days after the plants are two months old. Using a Nested Randomized Complete Block Design. Fertilizing of KCl and SP36 are nested into 3 doses of each (0; 1.5 and 3 ) g/polybag at the beginning of planting. The results showed that the drought reducing plant growth but in contrast raising the levels of proline and antioxidants. There was an interaction between Potassium and Phosphate in the treatment of drought. Applying fertilizer Phosphate and Potassium could improve P.bleo tolerance to drought.
An institutional analysis of the trans-national marine waste: a case study of sludge oil in Bintan seawater, Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Yudiatmaja W E , Yudithia  , Samnuzulsari T , Suyito  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sludge oil has contaminated Kepulauan Riau seawater for a long time ago, but there is no apparent policy by the government to address the problem. The sludge oil has become a critical issue when the government seeks to prevent the effects of climate change. This paper aims to fill the gap in the recent literature of environmental policy by analyzing the issue in an institutional lens. By applying case study research, this paper sheds light on the institutional arrangement of sludge oil problem in Bintan seawater, in particular, organizational design, policy, and norms. Data were gathered by interviewing a dozen of related stakeholders, observing in the three villages, and collecting secondary sources. The results argue that sludge oil is affected by the obscurity of the authority among the governments, the absence of specific policy, and the lack of soft diplomacy with Singapore’s government. This paper contributes to not only the body of knowledge but also the practical point of view by providing several policy recommendations for policymakers to address the issue.
Gamma irradiation on generative growth of Raja Bulu banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) MV1
Authors: Nandariyah  , Hartati S , Khasanah U 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Musa paradisiaca L. or Raja Bulu banana are climate change-resistant plants, characterized by the ability of the stem to store water hence it can survive under drought conditions. Leaf size is wide and long and a large number then the banana leaf is a provider of oxygen through photosynthesis for human health. One of the weaknesses of Raja Bulu plantain is its long harvest live which is between 12-15 months making it less effective to meet market demand. The efforts to get a banana plant with superior quality can be improved the varieties through plant breeding programs using gamma-ray irradiation. Raja Bulu banana has been acclimatized to the land as the first generation (MV1). This research is an attempt to obtain short-lived banana cultivars in order to provide faster harvest time and increase the population of banana plants as a food source and a source of oxygen for human health. Early maturity of the harvest is one way of avoiding changes in the dry season. The results showed that the Raja Bulu banana with irradiation treatment 20 Gy, 25 Gy, and 20 Gy provide a diversity of character growth on the generative phase compared with Raja Bulu banana without irradiation treatment. Raja Bulu banana with irradiation treatment dose 20 Gy in sample R4 28 become individual selected that has character early maturity harvest 343 DAP (Days After Planting).
Fractional order PID optimal control in pH neutralization process
Authors: Tong L H , Li Y G , Zhu H Q , Li W T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper proposed an optimal control scheme for pH neutralization process based on fractional order PID (FOPID) controller. In order to enhance the stability of the outlet-pH as well as minimize the consumption of chemicals, the design of the controller is transformed into a discrete nonconvex optimization problem and solved by the state transition algorithm. Furthermore, a comparative study between the fractional order PID and PID controllers is carried out. And considering the practical application, the disturbance from the inlet-flow-rate change and inlet-pH change was also investigated. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed strategy.
Physicochemical features of Amazonian water typologies for water resources management
Authors: Ríos-Villamizar Eduardo A , Adeney J M , Junk W J , Piedade M T F 
Published: January 2020

AbstractToday, an increasing amount of hydrochemical data indicate that the chemical composition of Amazonian rivers varies much more than the traditional classification indicates. In this first comprehensive review of Amazonian river chemistry, we synthesized critical information from 400 scientific publications and distinguish the types: white, black, clear, intermediate type A and type B. We show the distribution of such rivers across the Amazon basin and the limitations of such approach. These insights into Amazonian river classification provide a new understanding of their baseline limnological conditions. They have implications for sustainable management of Amazonian freshwater systems.
Adsorption and desorption studies of Ni2+ ions on to coconut shell char
Authors: Abesekara M S , Kosvinna K N R , Amarasinghe B M W P K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Heavy metal discharge with wastewater (WW) is a major environmental concern, widely discussed today. Heavy metals in WW can be removed by several methods including adsorption. Activated carbon (AC) derived from coconut shells is widely used, but expensive adsorbent. In this study coconut shell char (CSC) was tested as an effective low-cost adsorbent for heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted using CSC as the adsorbent to remove Ni2+ from water. CSC has 12% removal efficiency for a solution of 25 mg Ni2+/L with a dose of 2 g adsorbent/200 mL solution. The isotherm results have shown that, equilibrium data best obey to Langmuir monolayer model. The adsorption kinetics studies revealed, that adsorption behave according to the pseudo-second order model. It was identified that adsorption process has two steps as external diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. Furthermore, desorption abilities of H2SO4, NaOH, NaCl and Distilled water as desorbing agents were analysed and found H2SO4 to be the most effective desorbing agent.
Study on Basic Analysis Method of Critical Heat Flux in Energy System
Authors: Xiangyu Li , Changhong Peng , Yun Guo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The parameters of molten salt heat storage power generation system are continuously improved. The boiling crisis caused by deterioration of heat transfer in such system is studied and the basic mechanism and influencing factors are explored. In traditional theory the dry area of the bubbles are the cause of sudden overburning. In this paper the physical phenomenon is simulated by a variable heat convection boundary condition. Based on Fluent, four factors, including growth rate of dry area, size of dry area, size of pipe and shape of pipe, are simulated and analysed numerically to figure out what effect they have on wall temperature rise. The calculation results show that if final size of dry area is consistent, the dry area’s expansion rate will have little influence on wall temperature because time for temperature to rise is much more than that for dry area to grow; The highest temperature rise is directly dependent on the size of dry area, and is also affected by the size of pipe, which is related to volume heat flux; Corner of square pipe is more likely to face the boiling crisis than centre region. In order to burn the pipe wall, there must be a large area of heat transfer deterioration lasting for quite a long time, so the most cases of the wall damage is due to thermal stress instead of traditional statement “burning”. This method provides a new analytical perspective and has guiding significance for experiment and theoretical analysis in the next research plan.
Photosynthetic and Yield Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Two Rounds of Irrigation during Spring
Authors: Li X S , Song N , Shen X J , Zheng C L , Cao C Y , Dang H K , Sun J S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To clarify the effect of photosynthetic and yield characteristics of winter wheat under 7500 kg/hm2 grain yield when irrigated twice in spring, field experiments were conducted in the low plain of Hebei Province, which is in the Helonggang Region, an area suffering from serious water scarcity. The photosynthetic and yield characteristics of winter wheat were studied by using 8 wheat varieties and by irrigating water twice during spring from 2018 to 2019 under the condition of 42.6 mm of precipitation during the wheat growing season. Results showed that the yield of wheat varieties was 7805.3–9435.0 kg·hm−2. Under the irrigation condition, the yield difference between strong gluten wheat and medium gluten wheat was irregular. In this study, both the average daily photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic potential were higher in Shinong 086 and lower in Shiluan 02-1, but the yield was higher in Shiluan 02-1. Varieties with high light efficiency need to be selected to obtain a high yield of wheat. Moreover, agronomic measures should be optimised, a reasonable population structure should be established and the contradiction between population development and ontogenesis must be addressed. The above conclusions can provide a theoretical basis for guiding wheat variety selection and supporting technology formulation.
Prediction of outdoor air temperature and humidity using Xgboost
Authors: Ma Xiaoming , Fang Cong , Ji Junping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Outdoor temperature and humidity prediction plays an important role in HVAC intelligent control with huge energy saving potential and identification of the urban heat island effect. The aim of this paper is to develop and evaluate a Xgboost model for the prediction of outdoor air temperature and humidity using acquired data from Shenzhen, China. Datasets fetched from sensor real-time collection and meteorological station interface are utilized as observations, through the construction of Xgboost to predict outdoor temperature and humidity in predictive horizon of 1-3 hours. The effectiveness of the prediction is verified by comparing the prediction with the measured outdoor air temperature and humidity. In addition, statistical tools such as R2 and root mean square error (rmse) are applied to evaluate the performance of the model. The results show the excellent performance of Xgboost in accurately predicting outdoor temperature and humidity by comparison between the measured and predicted outdoor air temperature (R2 > 0.73, rmse < 1.77) and air humidity (R2 > 0.81, rmse < 6.33).
Permeability Characteristics of Model Clay-Based Cutoff Wall Backfills
Authors: Xu Haoqing , Liu Songyu , Zhou Aizhao , Jiang Pengming , Sun Ke , Liu Yi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Clay-based cutoff walls have been widely applied in the landfills or site remediations. The factors that affect the hydraulic conductivity of cutoff walls formed by mixing formation with clays are still unclear. Aiming at the issue, the Fujian standard sand was used to simulate the formation and three kinds of clays were taken as the additive and slurry material for mixing and pouring. Then the hydraulic conductivity and pore size distributions were measured. The results indicated when the Clay C formed the cutoff walls with the model formation, there was a critical clay additive amount C
cr corresponding to the minimum porosity, and there would be great change in the descent velocity of the hydraulic conductivity k before and after critical clay additive amount C
cr. In regard to Clay A and Clay B, the critical clay additive amount C
cr of sand-clay specimens didn’t appear as the additive amount of Clay A and Clay B reached 25%. For Clay A and Clay B, the pore size distributions of sand-clay specimens were relatively identical, and their hydraulic conductivity k declined with decreasing porosity n. However, the pore size distributions of the mixture corresponding to Clay C gradually widened with the increasing additive amount, and they would develop towards the smaller pore size. Meanwhile, P
50 also declined correspondingly, and there was poor correlation between porosity n and hydraulic conductivity k. Comparatively speaking, the microscopic pore structure of the model formation improved by Clay C was the most obvious, and Clay C raising the sealing effectiveness of model formation was also best.
Microstructural and ablative properties of graphite nozzles with SiC coating deposited by CVD technique
Authors: Loureda Oswaldo B , Caliari Felipe Rocha , Regiani Inácio , de Souza Miranda Felipe , da Silva Roberson José , Filho Gilberto Petraconi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The development of efficient, reliable and affordable propulsion units is one of the main objectives in the development of aerospace technology. Typically the final cost of the vehicle is deeply affected by this subsystem. In this study, a hybrid combination of the ablative chamber is presented where graphite nozzles coated with chemical vapor deposited Silicon Carbide (CVD-SiC) is submitted to the ablative environment, generated by a DC plasma torch operating at a power of 35 kW and homogeneous heat flow of 0.75 MW m−2. The ablative properties of the samples were evaluated by measuring the weight loss as a function of the exposure time, weight loss of 0.11% after 70 s of exposition due to the formation of SiO gas was observed. The microstructure characteristics of SiC coating before and after ablation tests were carried out by SEM and XRD showing that it goes to scale oxidation to forming of SiO2 (β-quartz) and SiC (β to α) phase transformation. Whereas the ablation mechanism showed to be dependent on the initial coating thickness and exposure time.
Simultaneous enhanced electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties of α-Fe2O3/graphene by hydrogen annealing
Authors: Liu Yanyue , Guo Dongfang , Wu Kai , Guo Jinhang , Li Zijiong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive attention in various fields due to their good flexibility, high specific surface area and fast ion transfer rate. Herein, the α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles/graphene composites have been prepared through a hydrothermal method, which is followed by hydrogen annealing to produce oxygen vacancies. Electrochemical properties and photoelectrochemical properties are investigated. The results present a high specific capacitance and the electrochemical properties are improved ascribing to the synergistic effect of graphene’s large specific surface area and excellent electrical conductivity, as well as the pseudocapacitance of transition metal oxides. Moreover, it also promotes the photoelectric response performances in visible light. This work provides a basis for the development and application of transition metal oxide in electrochemical and photoelectric fields.
Green synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of cobalt chromite spinel nanoparticles
Authors: Taghavi Fardood Saeid , Forootan Reza , Moradnia Farzaneh , Afshari Zolfa , Ramazani Ali 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Eriochrome Black T, an azo dye, was degraded under visible light irradiation using CoCr2O4 nanoparticles as a photocatalyst. In this study, CoCr2O4 cubic-spinel nanoparticles were synthesized via a novel and green sol-gel method. The synthesized sample was characterized by EDX, XRD, TEM, FESEM, DRS, and FTIR. The CoCr2O4 NPs have good photocatalytic activity for degradation of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dye at room conditions so that 90% of EBT was degraded in 90 min under the visible light. The CoCr2O4 NPs reusability was scanned and confirmed that the nano-photocatalyst shows a few declines in its activity after the three runs.
High-temperature fatigue life prediction method for rubber bushing of new-energy vehicles based on modified fatigue damage theory
Authors: Yunzhou Fang , Honglei Zhang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Rubber bushing are important components in suspension of new-energy vehicles. It is of great practical engineering significance to conduct in-depth study of high temperature fatigue characteristics. On the high temperature fatigue test bench, the same batch of dumbbell rubber test pieces with the same material as rubber bushing and the same vulcanization process were subjected to fatigue test at different temperatures, then the arithmetic mean value of the fatigue life of each rubber test piece was taken as the fatigue life at given temperature. It was found that the fatigue life of the rubber test piece at each temperature can be well fitted when the peak of engineering strain is taken as the damage parameter. Moreover, on the basis of the fatigue damage theory, the Arrhenius high temperature aging factor was introduced to correct the fatigue damage formula considering the influence of temperature on fatigue life. The finite element analysis was used to determine the peak of engineering strain of the dangerous point of the rubber bushing at 70 °C, and the modified fatigue damage formula was employed. The prediction value of the rubber bushing fatigue life was calculated and compared with the bench test result. It is shown that the predicted fatigue life dispersion coefficient is less than 2, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed high temperature fatigue life prediction method. The research in this paper can provide reference for the durability design and fatigue life prediction of rubber parts in new-energy vehicles.
Enhancement of thermoelectric power factor of hydrothermally synthesised SrTiO3 nanostructures
Authors: Yalini Devi N , Rajasekaran P , Vijayakumar K , Alagar Nedunchezhian A S , Sidharth D , Anbalagan G , Arivanandhan M , Jayavel R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Strontium Titanate (SrTiO3) nanoparticles were synthesised by varying the hydrothermal growth period as 12, 24 and 48 h. The crystal structure, morphology, functional groups and elemental composition of the prepared SrTiO3 nanoparticles were studied using XRD, FESEM, Raman and XPS, respectively. XRD analysis shows that the intensity of the diffraction peaks of SrTiO3 increased with growth period due to high crystallinity of the hydrothermally grown samples. From the FESEM images, it was observed that the morphology of SrTiO3 was changed from spherical to cubic when the hydrothermal growth period increased from 12 to 24 h. The different modes of vibration of samples were studied using Raman spectroscopy. XPS substantiate the composition and binding states of each element in the sample. The Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity of the prepared SrTiO3 nanostructures were measured at various temperatures by pelletizing the samples. The Seebeck coefficient of the sample gradually increased with hydrothermal growth period. The electrical resistivity of the sample relatively decreased with growth period. The power factor of the samples was calculated from the obtained Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity. A power factor of the sample prepared at 24 h of hydrothermal growth (2.191 × 10−4 W.m−1.K−2 at 550 K) was two order higher than that of as prepared sample (0.012 × 10−4 W.m−1.K−2 at 550 K). The experimental results revealed that the increase in hydrothermal growth period has a potential effect on the morphology. The cubic morphology with high crystalline nature facilitated the electron transport thereby thermoelectric power factor was enhanced in SrTiO3 nanostructures.
Stainless steel coated with carbon nanofiber/PDMS composite as anodes in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Saadi Meriem , Pézard Julien , Haddour Naoufel , Erouel Mohsen , Vogel Timothy M , Khirouni Kamel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Modification of electrode surfaces is a promising strategy to improve microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance. Here we report a new functionalization process to improve interfacial electron transfer, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of stainless steel (SS) electrodes used as anodes in MFCs. SS anodes prepared by surface modification with a thin layer (200 μm) of conducting composite made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) doped with commercially available carbon nanofibers (CNF), are described. Electrochemical characterization showed that the corrosion rate of SS electrode in an acid solution decreased from 367 μm.y−1 to 31 μm.y−1 after CNF-PDMS coating. Electric characterization demonstrated that the maximum power density generated by MFCs after 16 days with SS/CNF-PDMS anodes (19 mW.m−2) is 5 times higher and more stable than that with unmodified SS (3.7 mW.m−2). The cyclic voltammetry analysis indicated that the electrochemical activity of the modified anode was enhanced significantly after 16 days and the electron transfer was facilitated by CNF-PDMS modification. Microscopic observations and electrochemical characterization showed that CNF-PDMS composite improved biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of the SS anode surfaces. These results confirmed that the CNF-PDMS modification is a promising approach to improve the properties of anode materials for MFC application.
Microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion resistance properties of Al0.8CrFeCoNiCux high-entropy alloy coatings on aluminum by laser cladding
Authors: Li Yanzhou , Shi Yan , Olugbade Emmanuel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) were used to improve the hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of steel surfaces by laser cladding due to their outstanding mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. However, there are only a few literary works on the improvement of wear resistance on the aluminum alloy surface by HEAs. In this work, the wear performance of laser cladded Al0.8CrFeNiCoAlCux HEA coating on aluminum alloy with different Cu contents was investigated in detail. Moreover, phase structure, microstructure, bonding shear strength, and corrosion resistance of HEA coatings were studied by XRD, SEM, tensile device, and electrochemical workstation. The result shows that with the increase of the Cu content, the structure of the coatings changed from BCC1 and BCC2 phases to BCC1, BCC2, and FCC1 phases. Evident cracks were observed in the Al0.8CrFeCoNi HEA coating. Meanwhile, when x = 0.25, the cracks disappeared, but the bonding shear strength was 79.6 MPa, only 34.7% of the substrate. At 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1, the bonding shear strength of the Al0.8CrFeCoNiCux HEA coatings went above 175.2 MPa. As Cu promotes the formation of FCC phase, the hardness of the Al0.8CrFeCoNiCux HEA coating decreased as the Cu content increased. The effect of Cu on wear resistance has the same trend as with hardness. The wear rate of Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5, Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.75, and Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu HEA alloys is only 3.4%, 4.02%, and 5.42%, respectively, of the substrate. The wear mechanisms of the substrate are that of delamination fracture and serious adhesion wear, while the wear mechanisms of Al0.8CrFeCoNiCux (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1) HEA coatings are that of adhesive and abrasive wear. The corrosion resistance of Al0.8CrFeCoNiCux (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1) HEA is better than that of the substrate in 1 mol l−1 H2SO4 solution. Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5 has the best corrosion resistance that is characterized by pitting and intergranular corrosion.