bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial wound dressing nanofibrous mats composed of cellulose acetate loaded with chitosan/erythromycin nanoparticles
Authors: Doostan Maryam , Maleki Hassan , Doostan Mahtab , Khoshnevisan Kamyar , Faridi-Majidi Reza , Arkan Elham 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study attempts to fabricate the antibacterial nanofibrous mats composed of cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers loaded with erythromycin-chitosan nanoparticles (Ery-CS NPs) intended for infected wound dressing. The Ery-loaded CS NPs were prepared by ionic gelation process and then incorporated into the CA electrospun nanofibers (NFs). The characterization of the NPs and mats were investigated by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) to show the size distribution, morphology and surface chemistry along with other physiochemical properties including hydrophilicity property, porosity, and water absorption capacity. The antimicrobial activity and cell viability of fibroblast cells were also evaluated. The results indicated that Ery was loaded into CS NPs with high encapsulation efficiency (95%). The CA NFs (17%) incorporated with the Ery-CS NPs (12 wt%) displayed smooth homogenous morphology with 141.7 ± 91.7 nm average diameter. The relevant analyses revealed that the NPs incorporated in NFs and provided high water holding capacity with high porosity. Finally, Ery-CS NPs/CA mats were able to inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as showed no cytotoxic effect on the human dermal fibroblast cells. Overall, our findings concluded that the proposed system could be potentially applied as the proper antibacterial mats for infected wound dressing applications.
Integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses responses to altitude stress in oat (Avena sativa L.)
Authors: Jinqiu YU , Bing Li , Guowen Cui , Tingting Song , Wenhua He , Lu Lian , Jinglei He , zelai KongLing , Yajun Chen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background The oat is an annual gramineous forage grass with the remarkable ability to survive under various stressful environments. However, understanding the effects of high altitude stresses on oats is poor. Therefore, the physiological and the transcriptomic changes were analyzed at two sites with different altitudes, low (ca. 2,080 m) or high (ca. 2,918 m) respectively.Results It was indicated that oats at high altitude showed higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities and significant decreases in the non-photochemical quenching coefficient,chlorophyll content and stomatal density. Furthermore, oat yields were severely suppressed at the high altitude. RNA-seq results showed that 11,639 differentially expressed genes were detected at both the low and the high altitudesin which 5,203 up-regulated and 6,436 down-regulated. GO and KEGG annotations suggested that many differentially expressed genes be involved in pathways of cellular processes, metabolic processes and plant-pathogen interactions. Furthermore, 125 differentially expressed genes encoding TFs were involved in signal transductions by regulating the resistance genes in oats at high altitude. Some differentially expressed genes related to pigment metabolisms and photosyntheses were differentially expressed suggesting that these genes probably play responsive and regulatory roles in oats under the high altitude stress. Meanwhile, 273 differentially expressed genes related to hormone signaling pathways were significantly enriched in gibberellin, auxin, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid pathways indicating that these genes participated in the processes of oats responding to high altitude stresses.Conclusion In summary, our study generated genome-wide transcript profile and may be useful for understanding the molecular mechanisms of Avena sativa L. in response to high altitude stresses.These new findings contribute to our deeper relevant researches on altitude stresses and further exploring new candidategenes for adapting plateau environment oat molecular breeding.
Comparison of Frontal Alpha Asymmetry Among Schizophrenia Patients, Major Depressive Disorder, and Healthy Controls
Authors: Jang Kuk-In , Lee Chany , Lee Sangmin , Huh Seung , Chae Jeong-Ho 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Electroencephalography (EEG) frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) has been observed in several psychiatric disorders. However, dominance in left or right frontal alpha activity remains inconsistent in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), patients with schizophrenia, and healthy controls. This study compared FAA among patients with MDD, schizophrenia, and healthy control.
Methods
We recruited 20 patients with MDD, 18 patients with schizophrenia, and 16 healthy individuals. The EEG alpha frequency ranged from 8.0 to 12.0 Hz. FAA was expressed as the difference between absolute power values in both the right and left electrodes in the alpha frequency range (common-log-transformed F4–F3 and F8–F7). Hamilton depression and anxiety rating scales were evaluated in patients with MDD. Positive and negative syndrome scales were evaluated in patients with schizophrenia.
Results
Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly lower left frontal lobe activity than healthy controls (FAA, schizophrenia vs. healthy: -0.10 ± 0.05 vs. -0.05 ± 0.05). There were no significant differences in FAA between patients with schizophrenia and MDD as well as between patients with MDD and healthy controls.
Conclusions
The present study suggests that frontal alpha asymmetry indicates a breaking neural activity in schizophrenia. Breaking rhythmic activity as a left-lateralized FAA can be a neuropathological attribute in patients with schizophrenia but lack of sample size and information such as medication and duration of illness, all of which could make it difficult generalize finding.
Distilling Nanoscale Heterogeneity of Amorphous Silicon using Tip-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) via Multiresolution Manifold Learning
Authors: Yang Guang , Li Xin , Cheng Yongqiang , Wang Mingchao , Ma Dong , Sokolov Alexei , Kalinin Sergei , Veith Gabriel , Nanda Jagjit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Accurately identifying the local structural heterogeneity of complex, disordered amorphous materials such as amorphous silicon (a-Si) is crucial for accelerating technology development. However, short-range atomic ordering quantification and nanoscale spatial resolution over a large area on a-Si have remained major challenges and practically unexplored. We resolve phonon vibrational modes of a-Si at a lateral resolution of 20 nm by tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). To project the high dimensional TERS imaging to a low dimensional (i.e. 2D) manifold space and categorize a-Si structure, we developed a multiresolution manifold learning (MML) algorithm. It allows for quantifying average Si-Si distortion angle and the strain free energy at nanoscale without a human-specified threshold. The MML multiresolution feature allows for distilling local defects of ultra-low abundance (< 0.3%), presenting a new Raman mode at finer resolution grids. This work promises a general paradigm of resolving nanoscale structural heterogeneity and updating domain knowledge for highly disordered materials.
Skeletal Reorganization Divergence of N-Sulfonyl Ynamides
Authors: Zeng Linwei , Lin Yuxin , Li Jiaming , Sajiki Hironao , Cui Sunliang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Skeletal reorganization is a type of intriguing processes for their interesting mechanism, high atom-economy and synthetic versatility. Herein, we describe an unusual skeletal reorganization divergence of N-sulfonyl ynamides. Upon treatment with lithium diisopropylamine (LDA), the N-sulfonyl ynamides could undergo a skeletal reorganization to deliver thiete sulfones, while the additional use of DMPU would shift the process to furnish propargyl sulfonamides. Mechanistically, these processes are proposed to initiate from a lithiation/cyclization cascade, and the following ligand-dependent 1,3-sulfonyl migration or β-elimination would constitute the divergence. Therefore, this protocol not only represents a new skeletal reorganization mode, but also provides a facile access to privileged molecules from the easily accessible ynamides.
Complex lifestyle intervention among inactive older adults with elevated cardiovascular disease risk and obesity. A mixed-method, single-arm feasibility study for RESTART- a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Deraas Trygve , Hopstock Laila , Henriksen André , Morseth Bente , Sand Anne Sofie , Njølstad Inger , Pedersen Sigurd , Sagelv Edvard , Johansson Jonas , Grimsgaard Sameline 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Physical inactivity and obesity are global public health challenges. Older adults are important to target for prevention and management of disease and chronic conditions. However, many individuals struggle with maintaining increased physical activity (PA) and improved diet. This feasibility study provides the foundation for the RESTART trial, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test a complex intervention to facilitate favourable lifestyle changes older adults can sustain. The primary objective of this study was to investigate study feasibility (recruitment, adherence, side-effects and logistics) using an interdisciplinary approach.Methods: This mixed-method one-year prospective single-arm feasibility study was conducted in Tromsø, Norway from September 2017. We invited by mail randomly selected participants from the 7 th survey of the Tromsø Study (2015-16) aged 55-75 years with sedentary lifestyle, obesity and elevated cardiovascular risk. Participants attended a six-month complex lifestyle intervention program, comprising instructor-led high-intensive exercise and nutritionist- and psychologist-led counselling, followed by a six-month follow-up. All participants used a Polar activity tracker for daily activity monitoring during the intervention. Participants were interviewed three times throughout the study. Primary outcome was study feasibility measures.Results: We invited potential participants (n=75) by mail of which 27 % (n=20) agreed to participate. Telephone screening excluded four participants, and altogether 16 participants completed baseline screening.The intervention and test procedures of primary and secondary outcomes were feasible and acceptable for the participants. There were no exercise-induced injuries, indicating that the intervention program is safe. Participants experienced that the dietary and psychological counselling were delivered too early in the intervention and in too close proximity to the start of the exercise program. Minor logistic improvements were implemented throughout the intervention period.Conclusion: This study indicates that it is feasible to conduct a full-scale RCT of a multi- component randomised intervention trial, based on the model of the present study. No drop-outs due to exercise-induced injury indicates that the exercises were safe. While minor improvements in logistics were implemented during the intervention, we will improve recruitment and adherence strategies, rearrange schedule of intervention contents (exercise, diet and psychology) as well as improving the content of the dietary and behavioural counselling to maximize outcome effects in the RESTART protocol.
How Does Globalisation Affect COVID-19 Responses?
Authors: Bickley Steve J. , Chan Ho Fai , Skali Ahmed , Stadelmann David , Torgler Benno 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose

This paper examines the effects of globalisation on the pace of governments implementing international travel restrictions during the recent coronavirus pandemic.

Results

We find that more globalised countries experienced a longer delay in implementing international travel restriction policies with respect to the date of the first confirmed COVID-19 case. We also find that informational (a subcomponent of social globalisation) and political globalisation have the strongest effects on the observed delays in implementing international travel restriction policies in more globalised countries. Lastly, we do not find evidence that more globalised countries are more likely to adopt a more restrictive international travel policy as the first response to the pandemic.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the dynamic relationship between globalisation and protectionism when governments respond to significant global events such as a public health crisis.
Efficacy and Safety of CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies for the Prevention of Migraine Compared with Placebo: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yi Xiaojing , Chen Yun , Chen Kun , Liu Mo , Yi Jiale , Hu Xiongwei , Wang Guibin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAbs) are a novel class of drugs for migraine that includes erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab and eptinezumab. In clinical trials, CGRP mAbs have been reported to show good efficacy in the prevention of episodic migraines or chronic migraines. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CGRP monoclonal antibodies in this study.Methods: We systematically searched for randomized controlled trials in the PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library databases. The primary outcome was overall mean change from baseline to end of treatment in the number of monthly migraine headache days (MMHDs). The secondary outcomes included 50% response rate, in the number of monthly headache days (MHDs), in the number of monthly headache hours (MHHs), and in the number of monthly acute migraine-specific medication days (MSMDs). The safety outcomes were evaluated in terms of reported adverse events. Results: Eighteen studies including 11,099 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that CGRP mAbs exhibited a significant benefit in reducing the number of MMHDs compared to placebo (Episodic migraine: Std. MD -0.42, 95% CI -0.47 to -0.36; Chronic migraine: Std. MD -0.28, 95% CI -0.35 to -0.21). Similarly, CGRP mAbs were superior to placebo in the secondary outcomes of 50% response rate, MHDs, MHHs, and MSMDs. With respect to safety, serious adverse events and withdrawal due to adverse events were not significantly associated with CGRP mAbs. Fremanezumab was associated with a significantly higher incidence of any adverse event compared with placebo (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.17). Galcanezumab was associated with significantly higher treatment-emergent adverse events compared with placebo (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.17). Constipation and injection site pain were significantly higher with erenumab than placebo. Injection site erythema and injection site induration were significantly higher with fremanezumab than placebo. Upper respiratory tract infection, injection site erythema, injection site pruritus and injection site reaction were significantly higher with galcanezumab than placebo. Conclusions: This study confirms that CGRP mAbs are effective as preventive treatments for episodic migraines and chronic migraines. Adverse reactions at the injection site were associated with erenumab, fremanezumab and galcanezumab therapy. Constipation was more common with erenumab. The risk of upper respiratory tract infection was higher with galcanezumab.Systematic review registration: Our PROSPERO protocol registration number: CRD42019125928. Registered 26 November 2019.
Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients treated with Convalescent Plasma in a Mid-size City in the Midwest
Authors: Hartman William R , Hess Aaron S , Connor Joseph P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease, COVID-19, has infected over seven million people world-wide, including two million people in the United States. While many people recover from the virus uneventfully, a subset of patients will require hospital admission, some with intensive care needs including intubation, and mechanical ventilation. To date there is no cure and no vaccine is available. Passive immunotherapy by the transfusion of convalescent plasma donated by COVID-19 recovered patients might be an effective option to combat the virus, especially if used early in the course of disease. Here we report our experience of using convalescent plasma at a tertiary care center in a mid-size, midwestern city that did not experience an overwhelming patient surge.Methods: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients categorized as having Severe or Life-Threatening disease according to the Mayo Clinic Emergency Access Protocol were screened, consented, and treated with convalescent plasma collected from local donors recovered from COVID-19 infection. Clinical data and outcomes were collected retrospectively.Results: 31 patients were treated, 16 severe patients and 15 life-threatened patients. Overall mortality was 27% (4/31) but only patients with life-threatening disease died. 94% of transfused patients with severe disease avoided escalation to ICU care and mechanical ventilation. 67% of patients with life-threatening disease were able to be extubated. Most transfused patients had a rapid decrease in their respiratory support requirements on or about day 7 following convalescent plasma transfusion.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that convalescent plasma is associated with reducing ventilatory requirements in patients with both severe and life-threatening disease, but appears to be most beneficial when administered early in the course of disease when patients meet the criteria for severe illness.
An evaluation of the effectiveness, facilitators and barriers of HIV Teen Clubs in achieving successful transition from teen to adult care in Blantyre, Malawi using the RE‐AIM Framework.
Authors: Galagade Jerome , Mwapasa Victor 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: High attrition is a major problem for Adolescent Living with HIV (ALHIV) transitioning from pediatric to adult care. Although the HIV Teen Club model has been shown to promote antiretroviral (ARV) adherence and viral suppression among ALHIV, its effect on promoting transitioning ALHIV from pediatric to adult care has not been formally evaluated. We sought to estimate the proportion of ALHIV enrolled in HIV Teen Clubs who successfully transitioned to adult care within six months of the expected transition time and assess health facilities’ fidelity in implementing HIV Teen Clubs’ adult care transition protocols and factors associated with successful transition to adult Care. Methods: From September 2018 to June 2019, we conducted a retrospective cohort study involving ALHIV attending HIV Teen Clubs in 14 primary health facilities in Blantyre, Malawi who had reached the recommended transition age of 18/19 years between July - December 2017. After obtaining consent, we reviewed their records to assess the proportion who successfully transitioned and also factors associated with transitioning. Checklist was used to ascertain fidelity of implementation of HIV Teen Club transition protocols. In-depth interviews were conducted with service providers (SP) in health facilities providing HIV Teen Club to get their perspectives on reasons for successful or unsuccessful transition.Results: Of the 131 eligible ALHIV enrolled in the study, only 6.9% (n=9) successfully transitioned to adult care within six months of the expected transition time. The overall fidelity in implementing adult care transition protocols in health facilities was medium. There was an association between implementation fidelity and ALHIV successful transition with 2 out of 3 health facilities with high implementation fidelity also successfully transitioning ALHIV into adult care. Successful ALHIV transitioning was associated with urban location of health facilities and ownership of the facilities by NGOs. SPs reported that lack of training in transitioning ALHIV, lack of clear guidelines, inadequate human resource and refusal of ALHIV to transition were some of the health system factors negatively influencing successful transition. Conclusions: Training and mentorship of SP in implementing transitioning protocols and adequately resourcing HIV teen clubs may improve their operations and facilitate successful transitioning.
Good clinical outcomes of patellofemoral arthroplasty for isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis: a case-matched cohort comparative study of PFA with TKA
Authors: Wang Fei , Lin Wei , Chen Jia , Dai Yike , Niu Jinghui , Fan Chong Yi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Severe isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis is usually treated by total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the majority of the world but patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) has been a viable alternative for many years although there have been concerns about implant longevity. The purpose of this research was to compare the clinical outcome of patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis who received PFA or TKA. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2017, 42 patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis who received PFA were included in the PFA group. In this period, a matched cohort of 42 patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis who received TKA (TKA group) was chosen for comparison. The results of the two groups were compared before surgery and at last follow-up using Tegner Activity Scale, Range of motion of the knee, Oxford Knee Score and Short Form 36 Health Survey. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.Results: The mean follow-up time was 3.5 ± 0.3 and 3.4 ± 0.3 years in the PFA and TKA groups (p = 0.13), respectively. No significant difference in preoperative knee scores were found between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, postoperative, compared with Tegner Activity Scale, Range of motion, Oxford Knee Score and Short Form 36 Health Survey, the PFA group performed significantly better results (p < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier implant survivorship with 95% confidence intervals was 94.12 % in the PFA group and 94.74% in the TKA group (p = 0.49).Conclusions: The patients with isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis who underwent PFA had shown better clinical outcomes and higher quality of life. We believed that for the treatment of isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis, the PFA was a less invasive procedure with improved patient satisfaction and range of motion at medium term follow-up.