bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A practical review of dermoscopy for pediatric dermatology part I: Melanocytic growths
Authors: Kaushik Anshika , Natsis Nicola , Gordon Samantha C. , Seiverling Elizabeth V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe value of dermoscopy in the detection of skin cancer is well established. Less is published on the utility of dermoscopy in the evaluation of pediatric skin disease. Our review (in two parts) aims to serve as an update on pediatric dermoscopy and to provide readers with a practical application for the use of dermoscopy in pediatric dermatology clinics. In part I, we propose a dermoscopy algorithm for pediatric skin disease and melanocytic growths, and in part II, we address vascular growths, common skin infections, and inflammatory conditions for which dermoscopy is valuable.
Theca cell‐conditioned medium enhances steroidogenesis competence of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) granulosa cells
Authors: Zhang Jun , Deng Yanfei , Li Jiaojiao , Zi Yonghong , Shi Deshun , Lu Fenghua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTheca cells (TCs) play a crucial role in follicular development and atresia. TCs synthesize androgens that act as substrate for granulosa cells (GCs) aromatization to oestrogens needed for follicular growth. However, the effects of TCs in the form of conditioned medium on steroidogenesis in buffalo GCs remain unclear. In the present study, the impacts of TC‐conditioned medium (TCCM) on oestrogen synthesis in buffalo GCs were examined. The results showed that TCs secreted principally testosterone, but almost no androstenedione or oestradiol into TCCM. TCs at passage 3 had a stronger secretion capacity of testosterone in TCCM. Furthermore, TCCM collected at 72 hr improved both the expression levels of oestrogen synthesis‐related genes (CYP11A1, CYP19A1, 3β‐HSD and 17β‐HSD) and the secretion levels of estradiol in GCs. The treatment of 72 hr in TCCM promoted both the expression levels of oestrogen synthesis‐related genes (CYP11A1, CYP19A1 and 3β‐HSD) and the secretion levels of estradiol in GCs. Besides, TCCM that was collected at 72 hr and applied to GCs for 72 hr (72 & 72 hr) improved the sensitivity of buffalo GCs to FSH. This study indicates that TCCM (72 & 72 hr) enhances the steroidogenesis competence of GCs mainly through facilitating the responsiveness of GCs to FSH in buffalo.
Barley beta‐Glucan and Zymosan induce Dectin‐1 and Toll‐like receptor 2 co‐localization and anti‐leishmanial immune response in Leishmania donovani‐infected BALB/c mice
Authors: Patidar Ashok , Mahanty Trishna , Raybarman Chandan , Sarode Aditya Y. , Basak Surajit , Saha Bhaskar , Bhattacharjee Surajit 
Published: August 2020

AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLRs), TLR2 in particular, are shown to recognize various glycans and glycolipid ligands resulting in various immune effector functions. As barley β‐glucan and zymosan are the glycans implicated in immunomodulation, we examined whether these ligands interact with Dectin‐1, a lectin‐type receptor for glycans, and TLR2 and induce immune responses that can be used against Leishmania infection in a susceptible host. The binding affinity of barley β‐glucan and zymosan with Dectin‐1 and TLR2 was studied in silico. Barley β‐glucan‐ and zymosan‐induced dectin‐1 and TLR2 co‐localization was studied by confocal microscopy and co‐immunoprecipitation. These ligands‐induced signalling and effector functions were assessed by Western blot analyses and various immunological assays. Finally, the anti‐leishmanial potential of barley β‐glucan and zymosan was tested in Leishmania donovani ‐infected macrophages and in L. donovani‐infected BALB/c mice. Both barley β‐glucan and zymosan interacted with TLR2 and dectin‐1, but with a much stronger binding affinity for the latter, and therefore induced co‐localization of these two receptors on BALB/c‐derived macrophages. Both ligandsactivated MyD88‐ and Syk‐mediated downstream pathways for heightened inflammatory responses in L. donovani‐infected macrophages. These two ligands induced T cell–dependent host protection in L. donovani‐infected BALB/c mice. These results establish a novel modus operandi of β‐glucans through dectin‐1 and TLR2 and suggest an immuno‐modulatory potential against infectious diseases.
The roles of social economic status and undernutrition in regional disparities of the under‐five mortality rate in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Chi M. , Nguyen Mai P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesFrom 2005 to 2017, the prevalence of mortality in Vietnamese children under five years old showed large regional disparities. In 2017, mortality in the wealthiest region was 12.6‰, whereas the most disadvantaged region it was three times as high, at 36‰. This study aims to identify factors affecting regional disparities of the under‐five mortality rate (U5MR) in Vietnam.MethodsWe applied Structural Equation Modelling to estimate the degree and the pathway through which undernutrition and socio‐economic status (SES) contributed to the under‐five mortality disparities.ResultsSES is estimated as a common latent factor of three socio‐economic measures, that is, education, poverty and income. The direct effect of SES on U5MR is at 2.16 through the underweight pathway, which is 5 times higher than the effect of underweight on U5MR. Through the stunting channel, this direct impact is 1.43, nearly twice as high as the impact of the stunting rate. SES also has an indirect effect on U5MR through these undernutrition pathways. In total, we estimate that an increase in SES index will make the U5MR increase by 2.73‰. Among the three indicators of SES, poverty conveys the strongest signal of a considerable change in SES, thus to a subsequent change in U5MR. Among two types of undernutrition, the effect of stunting on U5MR is dominant, more than 3 times as high as that of underweight.ConclusionThese findings have important implications for socio‐economic and health interventions: those that strongly focus on the reduction of regional poverty and stunting rates would be effective in bridging the regional gap in the U5MR in Vietnam.
Multiple insertions of COIN, a novel maize Foldback transposable element, in the Conring gene cause a spontaneous progressive cell death phenotype
Authors: Kim Saet‐Byul , Karre Shailesh , Wu Qingyu , Park Minkyu , Meyers Emily , Claeys Hannes , Wisser Randall , Jackson David , Balint‐Kurti Peter 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYSimilar progressive leaf lesion phenotypes, named conring for “concentric ring,” were identified in 10 independently derived maize lines. Complementation and mapping experiments indicated that the phenotype had the same genetic basis in each line – a single recessive gene located in a 1.1‐Mb region on chromosome 2. Among the 15 predicted genes in this interval, Zm00001d003866 (subsequently renamed Conring or Cnr) had insertions of four related 138 bp transposable element (TE) sequences at precisely the same site in exon 4 in nine of the 10 cnr alleles. The 10th cnr allele had a distinct insertion of 226 bp of in exon 3. Genetic evidence suggested that the 10 cnr alleles were independently derived, and arose during the derivation of each line. The four TEs, named COINa (for COnring INsertion) through COINd, have not been previously characterized and consist entirely of imperfect 69‐bp terminal inverted repeats characteristic of the Foldback class of TEs. They belong to three clades of a family of maize TEs comprising hundreds of sequences in the genome of the B73 maize line. COIN elements preferentially insert at TNA sequences with a preference for C and G nucleotides in the immediately flanking 5′ and 3′ regions, respectively. They produce a three‐base target site duplication and do not have homology to other characterized TEs. We propose that Cnr is an unstable gene that is mutated insertionally at high frequency, most commonly due to COIN element insertions at a specific site in the gene.
Analytical and Numerical Solutions of the Riccati Equation Using the Method of Variation of Parameters. Application to Population Dynamics
Authors: Tumbarell Aranda Orestes , Oliveira Fernando A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This work presents new approximate analytical solutions for the Riccati equation (RE) resulting from the application of the method of variation of parameters. The original equation is solved using another RE explicitly dependent on the independent variable. The solutions obtained are easy to implement and highly applicable, which is confirmed by solving several examples corresponding to REs whose solution is known, as well as optimizing the method to determine the density of the members that make up a population. In this way, new perspectives are open in the study of the phenomenon of pattern formation.
Using Virtual Reality in Biomedical Engineering Education
Authors: Singh Anita , Ferry Dawn , Ramakrishnan Arun , Balasubramanian Sriram 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study explored virtual reality (VR) as an educational tool to offer immersive and experiential learning environments to biomedical engineering (BME) students. VR and traditional two-dimensional (2D) videos were created and used to teach required communication skills to BME students' while working with clinical partners in healthcare settings. The videos of interdisciplinary teams (engineering and nursing students) tackling medical device-related problems, similar to those commonly observed in healthcare settings, were shown to BME students. Student surveys indicated that, through VR videos, they felt more immersed in real-world clinical scenarios while learning about the clinical problems, each team-member's areas of expertise, their roles and responsibilities, and how an interdisciplinary team operated collectively to solve a problem in the presented settings. Students with a prior in-person immersion experience, in the presented settings, reported VR videos to serve as a possible alternative to in-person immersion and a useful tool for their preparedness for real-world clinical immersion. We concluded that VR holds promise as an educational tool to offer simulated clinical scenarios that are effective in training BME students for interprofessional collaborations.
Exploring the factors that affect new graduates’ transition from students to health professionals: a systematic integrative review protocol
Authors: Opoku Eric Nkansah , Van Niekerk Lana , Jacobs-Nzuzi Khuabi Lee-Ann 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionTo become a competent health professional, the nature of new graduates’ transition plays a fundamental role. The systematic integrative review will aim to identify the existing literature pertaining to the barriers during transition, the facilitators and the evidence-based coping strategies that assist new graduate health professionals to successfully transition from students to health professionals.Methods and analysisThe integrative review will be conducted using Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review methodology. Boolean search terms have been developed in consultation with an experienced librarian, using Medical Subject Heading terms on Medline. The following electronic databases have been chosen to ensure that all relevant literature are captured for this review: PubMed, EBSCOhost (including Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, Academic Search Premier, Health Science: Nursing and Academic Edition), Scopus and Web of Science. A follow-up on the reference list of selected articles will be done to ensure that all relevant literature is included. The Covidence platform will be used to facilitate the process.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this integrative review since the existing literature will be synthesised. The integrative review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal once all the steps have been completed. The findings will also be presented at international and national conferences to ensure maximum dissemination.
Hospital referrals of patients with acute poisoning by the Belgian Poison Centre: analysis of characteristics, associated factors, compliance and costs
Authors: Descamps Anne-Marie Katrien , Vandijck Dominique , Buylaert Walter , Mostin Martine , De Paepe Peter 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveAims were (1) to assess the characteristics, associated factors and compliance of patients with acute poisoning advised by the Belgian Poison Centre (BPC) to go (conditionally) to the hospital, (2) to assess the compliance and potential health-economic impact.MethodsThree types of referrals to the hospital of patients who called the BPC between 1 January and 30 June 2018 were analysed: referrals in case of deterioration in the patient’s condition (Hosp-watchful-wait), referrals (Hosp-referral) or urgent referrals (Hosp-urgent-referral). Factors associated with type of recommendation were registered. A survey was conducted on a second dataset of patients who called the BPC between 1 March and 15 May 2019 and referred (conditionally) to the hospital.Results5476 referrals were included: 72.4% accidental poisoning, 25.3% intentional self-harm, 1.2% substance abuse and 1.1% unclear intentionality. There were 2368 (43.2%) Hosp-watchful-wait cases, 2677 (48.9%) Hosp-referrals and 431 (7.9%) Hosp-urgent-referrals. In Hosp-watchful-wait cases, soaps and detergents were represented most (20.5%). In Hosp-referrals and Hosp-urgent-referrals, benzodiazepines (12.7% and 15.1%, respectively) predominated. Factors associated with hospitalisation type were number of symptoms, intentionality, type of agent(s) involved and advising antidotes. The survey showed that 7.8% of Hosp-watchful-wait patients went to the hospital versus 57.3% of Hosp-referrals and 59.6% of Hosp-urgent-referrals. The mean cost for Hosp-watchful-wait patients, Hosp-referrals and Hosp-urgent-referrals was estimated at €127, €767 and €796, respectively.ConclusionOnly a small proportion of patients followed the advice of the BPC to go (conditionally) to the hospital. A systematic follow-up of cases is warranted to examine the appropriateness of referrals and the compliance of patients.
Does the physician in triage strategy improve door-to-balloon time for patients with STEMI?
Authors: Schwarzfuchs Dan , Shashar Sagi , Sagy Iftach , Novack Victor , Zeldetz Vladimir 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe physician in triage (PIT) strategy was implemented in the emergency department (ED) of the Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) to improve overcrowding and waiting time. Our objective in the current study was to assess the impact of the PIT strategy on door-to-balloon time for the treatment of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).MethodsThe PIT programme began on January 2016, working weekdays between 8:00 and 23:00 hours. We included patients who visited the ED and were diagnosed with STEMI, from November 2014 to February 2018. The primary outcome was improvement in door-to-balloon (D2B) time<90 min between the preintervention and postintervention period. The analysis included a comparison between the two time periods using univariate tests, a time trend analysis illustrated by the locally weighted scatterplot smoothing curves and a regression analysis using generalised estimating equation models. To determine the impact of the PIT, as opposed to other changes in the department, we stratified the population arriving after January 2016 to patients arriving during PIT hours versus patients arriving on weekends and at nights (23:00–8:00 hours).ResultsIn all, 415 patients met all the inclusion criteria of which 237 (57.1%) visited on weekdays 8:00–23:00 hours. The per cent of patients with D2B<90 min was 13.9% higher for postintervention versus preintervention visits (p=0.006). D2B time was significantly shorter by 9 min for postintervention visits (p=0.001). In the postintervention period, patients arriving between 8:00 and 23:00 hours on weekdays were more likely to have D2B <90 min than those arriving nights and weekends; 90/146 (61.6%) vs 47.2% (51/108), respectively, p=0.02. ORs for D2B<90 min was 2.04 (95% CI 1.06 to 3.91) for weekday visits, and 1.90 (0.88 to 4.12) for weekend and night visits.ConclusionThe PIT model in SUMC is associated with D2B reduction for patients with STEMI. To achieve further reduction, both targeted interventions should be performed and PIT strategy should be applied for full time, including nights and weekends.
Relaxin-expressing oncolytic adenovirus induces remodeling of physical and immunological aspects of cold tumor to potentiate PD-1 blockade
Authors: Jung Bo-Kyeong , Ko Hae Young , Kang Hyunji , Hong JinWoo , Ahn Hyo Min , Na Youjin , Kim Hyeongi , Kim Jin Su , Yun Chae-Ok 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundCurrently, several antibody (Ab)-based therapies have shown excellent therapeutic effects in the clinic. Nonetheless, Ab penetration into tumor tissues is limited due to abnormal vasculature, tumor interstitial pressure, and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, thus demanding novel strategies to overcome these barriers.MethodsThe intratumoral distribution of therapeutic Abs were detected by fluorescence microscopy or positron emission tomography in both human gastric xenograft and syngeneic pancreatic hamster tumor models. The antitumor efficacy by combination of oncolytic adenovirus (Ad), which coexpresses relaxin (RLX), interleukin (IL)-12, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (oAd/IL12/GM-RLX) and antibody against the programmed cell death protein 1 (αPD-1) was examined in hamster subcutaneous and orthotopic pancreatic tumor models. The immunological aspects of these combination therapy regimen were assessed by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry in subcutaneous hamster tumor models.ResultsRelaxin-expressing oncolytic Ad effectively degraded tumor ECM and enhanced the tumor penetration of trastuzumab in comparison with trastuzumab monotherapy. Based on these results, an oAd/IL12/GM-RLX was used to enhance the potency of immune checkpoint blockade. The combination of the oAd/IL12/GM-RLX and αPD-1 promoted a concomitant degradation of the tumor ECM and amelioration of the immunosuppressive tumor niches, ultimately enhanced intratumoral infiltration of both αPD-1 and activated T cells. Of note, the combination therapy was able to elicit a potent and durable antitumor immune response against cold tumors that were refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy.ConclusionsOur findings are the first to demonstrate that expression of four genes (IL-12p35, IL-12p40, GM-CSF, and RLX) mediated by a single oncolytic Ad vector can promote remodeling of both physical and immunological aspects of the tumor niches to overcome the major limitations of Ab-based therapies that have emerged in recent clinical trials.
Quality of life among ischemic stroke patients eligible for endovascular treatment: analysis of the DEFUSE 3 trial
Authors: Asaithambi Ganesh , Tipps Megan E 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe endovascular treatment (ET) for acute ischemic stroke is increasing among eligible patients. Assessing patients’ perspectives on quality of life (QOL) can supplement the use of formal outcome scales and enable the assessment of outcomes across multiple domains affected by stroke.MethodsWe analyzed publicly available data from the Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke (DEFUSE 3) trial. We evaluated patients who survived beyond the time of discharge from their acute hospitalizations and completed all Neuro-QOL short forms at 90-day follow-up.ResultsOur final analysis included 128 patients (median age 67 [range 23–90] years, 50.8% men). As modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores increased, there was a consistent increase in the severity of Neuro-QOL measures. T-scores for mobility, cognitive function, and the ability to participate in social roles declined significantly while depression T-scores increased significantly. We found that QOL T-scores for patients with mRS 3 did not differ significantly from T-scores for patients with mRS 2 in any domain.ConclusionsAmong ischemic stroke patients eligible for ET, QOL scores help validate and supplement quantitatively measured outcomes.
Vessel diameter and catheter-to-vessel ratio affect the success rate of clot aspiration
Authors: Kyselyova Anna Andriana , Fiehler Jens , Leischner Hannes , Flottmann Fabian , Buhk Jan Hendrik , Frölich Andreas Maximilian 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundA direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) is an efficient, safe, cost-effective, and fast thrombectomy technique.ObjectiveTo evaluate anatomical and clot characteristics associated with success of the aspiration component as part of ADAPT.Methods106 cases of acute carotid-T, basilar, and middle cerebral artery occlusion undergoing endovascular treatment with ADAPT were retrospectively assessed for successful catheter-clot contact and successful primary aspiration, defined as a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score ≥2b after primary aspiration with 5F or 6F aspiration catheters. Patient age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, time from symptom onset to groin puncture, time from groin puncture to revascularization, aortic arch type, access vessel tortuosity, vessel diameter at the proximal end of the thrombus, catheter-to-vessel ratio (CVR), clot density, length, and perviousness were determined.ResultsSuccessful clot contact with the aspiration catheter was achieved in 76 cases (72%); these patients were younger (67.7±15.2 vs 73.7±11.4 years; p=0.05) and had less tortuous access vessels (1 vs 2 reverse curves; p=0.004) than those in whom clot contact failed. Successful primary aspiration occurred in 36 of these cases (47%) and was associated with significantly smaller vessel diameter at the proximal thrombus end (2.5±0.7 mm vs 3.1±1.3 mm; p=0.01) and higher CVR (CVR outer diameter: 0.85±0.2 vs 0.68±0.2; p=0.01 and CVR inner diameter: 0.72±0.2 vs 0.58±0.2; p<0.001). No significant differences were seen in aortic arch type, radiographic clot features, and NIHSS score.ConclusionWith ADAPT, patient age and vessel tortuosity affect the ability to deliver the aspiration catheter and achieve clot contact, whereas vessel diameter and CVR at the aspiration site seem to affect the effectiveness of clot aspiration. Strategies aimed at improving catheter deliverability and increasing CVR may increase the efficacy of ADAPT.
Simulating lattice gauge theories within quantum technologies
Authors: Bañuls Mari Carmen , Blatt Rainer , Catani Jacopo , Celi Alessio , Cirac Juan Ignacio , Dalmonte Marcello , Fallani Leonardo , Jansen Karl , Lewenstein Maciej , Montangero Simone , Muschik Christine A. , Reznik Benni , Rico Enrique , Tagliacozzo Luca , Van Acoleyen Karel , Verstraete Frank , Wiese Uwe-Jens , Wingate Matthew , Zakrzewski Jakub , Zoller Peter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Lattice gauge theories, which originated from particle physics in the context of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), provide an important intellectual stimulus to further develop quantum information technologies. While one long-term goal is the reliable quantum simulation of currently intractable aspects of QCD itself, lattice gauge theories also play an important role in condensed matter physics and in quantum information science. In this way, lattice gauge theories provide both motivation and a framework for interdisciplinary research towards the development of special purpose digital and analog quantum simulators, and ultimately of scalable universal quantum computers. In this manuscript, recent results and new tools from a quantum science approach to study lattice gauge theories are reviewed. Two new complementary approaches are discussed: first, tensor network methods are presented – a classical simulation approach – applied to the study of lattice gauge theories together with some results on Abelian and non-Abelian lattice gauge theories. Then, recent proposals for the implementation of lattice gauge theory quantum simulators in different quantum hardware are reported, e.g., trapped ions, Rydberg atoms, and superconducting circuits. Finally, the first proof-of-principle trapped ions experimental quantum simulations of the Schwinger model are reviewed.

Graphical abstract