bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Localization of Integral Membrane Proteins in Human and Rabbit Vocal Folds
Authors: Gartling Gary J. , Sayce Lea , Kimball Emily E. , Sueyoshi Shintaro , Rousseau Bernard 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesThis study's objective was to identify and compare the localization of Aquaporin (AQP) 1, 4, 7, Na+/K + ‐ATPase, E‐cadherin, zona occludin (ZO)‐1, and occludin in human and rabbit vocal folds (VF)s to inform the design of future studies to explore the function of these proteins in the regulation of VF homeostasis.MethodsFour human larynges and five New Zealand white rabbit larynges were used. Samples were immunolabeled for primary antibodies against AQP1, AQP4, AQP7, the alpha subunit of Na+/K + ‐ATPase, E‐cadherin, and ZO‐1 and occludin and then captured digitally using a Nikon Eclipse 90i microscope and Hamamatsu C10600 Camera. Two raters familiar with human and rabbit VF histology identified positive labeling in tissue structures, including the apical epithelium, basal epithelium/basement membrane, and lamina propria (LP).ResultsSamples from both species showed positive labeling for AQP1 in the basal epithelium/basement membrane, superficial LP, and deep/intermediate LP. Aquaporin 4, Aquaporin 7, Na+/K + ‐ATPase, and E‐cadherin were primarily localized to the epithelium of both species. Zona occludin‐1 was primarily localized apical epithelium and the superficial LP of both species. Occludin was primarily present in the apical epithelium in rabbit samples but not human.ConclusionThese data provide evidence of the presence of key ion transport channels and cell adhesion proteins in human and rabbit VFs. Aquaporin 1, 4, 7, Na+/K + ‐ATPase, E‐cadherin, and ZO‐1 were similarly localized in both species. These findings will be useful to investigators interested in the exploration of VF homeostasis and barrier integrity in future studies.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 131:E1265–E1271, 2021
Spatiotemporal pattern of forest degradation and loss of ecosystem function associated with Rohingya influx: A geospatial approach
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Emran , Zhang Li , Dewan Ashraf , Guo Huadong , Mahmood Riffat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractViolence in Rakhine State of Myanmar forcibly displaced nearly one million Rohingya. They took refuge, from August 25, 2017 to the time of writing, in Cox's Bazar–Teknaf Peninsula of Bangladesh. Initially, nearly 2,000 ha of forested lands had to be cleared to accommodate them in one of the most ecologically critical areas (ECA) in the Peninsula. To support Rohingyas livelihoods, fuelwood collection and illegal logging have become widespread since their arrival, causing severe environmental degradation, including loss of a vast amount of forest cover. To devise conservation and protection strategies for a highly sensitive ecosystem, it is imperative to understand the degree of forest cover deterioration and associated impacts related to Rohingya emigration. This study employed satellite images and collateral data to monitor and model spatiotemporal patterns of forest cover degradation and loss of ecosystem function in Cox's Bazar–Teknaf Peninsula. Supervised classification method was used to derive multi‐date land use/cover data which was then utilized to monitor spatiotemporal pattern of forest cover change from 2017 to 2019. A projection of forest cover loss was also carried out using the Markov chain with cellular automata technique. Dynamic modeling was performed to predict changes in forest covers, assuming that displaced Rohingya continues to reside in this environmentally sensitive location. The result revealed that 3,130 ha of forested lands of different categories were transformed into either refugee camps or Rohingya influenced degraded forests between 2017 and 2019. Prediction showed that around 5,115 ha of forest cover may experience loss from 2019 to 2027. Furthermore, aboveground biomass and carbon stock estimation indicated a consistent and substantial loss during the study period, which is likely to swell if present deforestation rate continues. The findings have considerable implications in developing conservation decisions, priority interventions and public policies to save the ECA of Bangladesh.
Organic matter composition and heterotrophic bacterial activity at declining summer sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean
Authors: Piontek Judith , Galgani Luisa , Nöthig Eva‐Maria , Peeken Ilka , Engel Anja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean is highly susceptible to climate change as evidenced by rapid warming and the drastic loss of sea ice during summer. The consequences of these environmental changes for the microbial cycling of organic matter are largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the distribution and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) along with heterotrophic bacterial activity in seawater and sea ice of the Eurasian Basin at the time of the record ice minimum in 2012. Bacteria in seawater were highly responsive to fresh organic matter and remineralized on average 55% of primary production in the upper mixed layer. Correlation analysis showed that the accumulation of dissolved combined carbohydrates (DCCHO) and dissolved amino acids (DAA), two major components of fresh organic matter, was related to the drawdown of nitrate. Nitrate‐depleted surface waters at stations adjacent to the Laptev Sea showed about 25% higher concentrations of DAA than stations adjacent to the Barents Sea and in the central Arctic basin. Carbohydrate concentration was the best predictor of heterotrophic bacterial activity in sea ice. In contrast, variability in sea‐ice bacterial biomass was largely driven by differences in ice thickness. This decoupling of bacterial biomass and activity may mitigate the negative effects of biomass loss due to ice melting on heterotrophic bacterial functions. Overall, our results reveal that changes in DOM production and inventories induced by sea‐ice loss have a high potential to enhance the bacterial remineralization of organic matter in seawater and sea ice of the Arctic Ocean.
A topological approach to nonlocal elliptic partial differential equations on an annulus
Authors: Goodrich Christopher S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor we consider the nonlocal ordinary differential equation
subject to the Dirichlet boundary conditions . Due to the term appearing in the equation, this is a class of nonlocal differential equations. By using a novel order cone we are able to establish existence of a positive solution to this problem by means of topological fixed point theory. The preceding problem is really a special case of a more general problem that we consider – namely, the existence of a positive radially symmetric solution to the nonlocal elliptic partial differential equation
subject to , for , where Ω is an annular region when .
A Clinicopathologic Study of Movement Disorders in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Authors: de Pablo‐Fernández Eduardo , González‐Herrero Belén , Cerdán Santacruz Debora , Rossor Martin N. , Schott Jonathan M. , Lashley Tammaryn , Holton Janice L. , Fox Nick C. , Revesz Tamas , Warren Jason D. , Jaunmuktane Zane , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Warner Thomas T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite the considerable overlap with atypical parkinsonism, a systematic characterization of the movement disorders associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is lacking.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to provide a detailed description of the phenomenology and neuropathologic correlations of movement disorders in FTLD.MethodsIn this cohort study, movement disorder clinical data were retrospectively collected from medical records of consecutive patients with a postmortem diagnosis of FTLD from the Queen Square Brain Bank between January 2010 and December 2018. At postmortem, neurodegenerative pathologies were systematically evaluated following consensus criteria. Degeneration of the substantia nigra was assessed as a marker of presynaptic dopaminergic parkinsonism using semiquantitative methods.ResultsA total of 55 patients (35 men [64%]) were included with median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis of 58.8 (52.6–63.9) years and a disease duration of 9.6 (6.2–12.9) years. Movement disorders were present in 19 (35%) patients without differences among disease subtypes. The most common syndromes were parkinsonism (9 patients [16%]), usually as an additional late feature, and corticobasal syndrome (CBS, 7 patients [13%]), commonly as a presenting feature. Substantia nigra degeneration was present in 37 (67%) patients although it did not show a good clinical correlation with movement disorders. Those with Pick's disease showed milder substantia nigra degeneration and better response to levodopa.ConclusionsMovement disorders can present in all FTLD subtypes, more commonly as a late additional feature (parkinsonism) or as a presenting symptom (CBS). The underlying pathophysiology is complex and likely to involve structures outside the presynaptic striatonigral system. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The modern view on the role of glyprolines by metabolic syndrome
Authors: Myasoedov Nikolai F. , Lyapina Lyudmila A. , Andreeva Lyudmila A. , Grigorieva Marina E. , Obergan Tamara Y. , Shubina Tatiana A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe analysis of the literature data and own experimental studies on the effect of glyproline peptides on fat, carbohydrate metabolism, and hemostasis system when modeling metabolic syndrome in animals (rats) was carried out. Violations of fat and carbohydrate metabolism are characterized by hypercoagulation, increased glucose levels, dyslipidemia, and decreased rheological properties of blood. In this condition, the arginine‐ and lysine‐containing glyprolines (PGP, PRP, RPGP, KKRRPGP, RKKRPGP, and KRRKPGP) at multiple (7 days) intranasal introduction had a complex effect on the hemostatic parameters, increasing antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma. All the studied drugs also showed normoglycemic and normolipidemic effects and led to a slowdown or decrease in body weight growth. The analysis of the presented material allows us to speak about the prospects of using hit compounds as protective therapeutic agents. In the case of violations of fat and carbohydrate metabolism, regulatory glyprolines protect the body by displaying antithrombotic, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties.
Multiseason production planning under export quotas
Authors: Chen Tianxiao , Gong Xiting , Li Qing , Xu He 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn export quota is a direct restriction on the quantity of certain goods that can be exported and is an important instrument in international trade policy. In this study, we focus on an exporting firm and examine the implication of export quotas on its production and inventory policies. In particular, the firm applies for an exporting license every season (eg, year) and the amount it can sell is unknown for certainty in advance. The firm must determine its production quantity every period (eg, month) under a production capacity constraint. The presence of quotas decouples inventory from sales: the firm can sell its goods if and only if the quota permits, and this changes the way it manages its production and inventory. We show that the firm in general benefits from stockpiling—produce up to an inventory level higher than current quota. Stockpiling happens if and only if the remaining quota for the current season is smaller than a threshold value. It is more likely to happen when it is closer to the end of a season or when the quotas in future seasons are larger. Although the inventory in excess of current quota cannot be used to fill the demand in the current season, they will be needed in future seasons when new quotas are released and the firm cannot increase production quickly enough due to capacity constraints. Our numerical studies show that the cost of limiting production only to current quota can be substantial.
On solutions of time‐fractional advection–diffusion equation
Authors: Attia Nourhane , Akgül Ali , Seba Djamila , Nour Abdelkader 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present an attractive reliable numerical approach to find an approximate solution of the time‐fractional advection–diffusion equation (FADE) under the Atangana–Baleanu derivative in Caputo sense (ABC) with Mittag–Leffler kernel. The analytic and approximate solutions of FADE have been determined by using reproducing kernel Hilbert space method (RKHSM). The most valuable advantage of the RKHSM is its ease of use and its quick calculation to obtain the numerical solution of the FADE. Our main tools are reproducing kernel theory, some important Hilbert spaces, and a normal basis. The convergence analysis of the RKHSM is studied. The computational results are compared with other results of an appropriate iterative scheme and also by using specific examples, these results clearly show: On the one hand, the effect of the ABC‐fractional derivative with the Mittag–Leffler kernel in the obtained outcomes, and on the other hand, the superior performance of the RKHSM. From a numerical viewpoint, the RKHSM provides the solution's representation in a convergent series. Furthermore, the obtained results elucidate that the proposed approach gives highly accurate outcomes. It is worthy to observe that the numerical results of the specific examples show the efficiency and convenience of the RKHSM for dealing with various fractional problems emerging in the physical environment.
An improved two‐loop model predictive control design for nonlinear robust reference tracking with practical advantages
Authors: Farajzadeh‐D. Mohammad‐G. , Sani S. K. Hosseini 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn this paper, the nonlinear robust reference tracking problem is considered and an Improved Two‐Loop Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (ITL‐NMPC) design is proposed for a pre‐controlled system with bounded uncertainties subject to input and state constraints. In the industry, this scheme leads the lower design cost and fewer implementation risks since (i) it allows the existing controller to remain unchanged without any manipulation, (ii) it does not need the open‐loop model of the pre‐controlled system, and (iii) it does not require the terminal cost and constraint definition. For the proposed ITL‐NMPC, a practical parameter tuning algorithm is introduced and its robust exponential stability, as well as recursive feasibility, are guaranteed. Simulation results are used to better illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and show that the proposed method not only improves the control performance of the pre‐controlled system but also reduces the design cost while satisfying the constraints.
Evaluation of Co/SSZ‐13 Zeolite Catalysts Prepared by Solid‐Phase Reaction for NO‐SCR by Methane
Authors: Charrad Rania , Solt Hanna E. , Valyon József , Trif László , Ayari Faouzi , Mhamdi Mourad , Hancsók Jenő , Lónyi Ferenc 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCo/SSZ‐13 zeolites were prepared by heating the finely dispersed mixture of NH4‐SSZ‐13 and different cobalt salts up to 550 °C. Investigations by thermogravimetry – differential scanning calorimetry – mass spectrometry provided new insight into details of the solid‐state reaction. Formation of Co carrying hydrate melt or volatile species was shown to proceed from chloride, nitrate, or acetylacetonate Co precursor salts upon thermal treatment. This phase change allows the transport of the Co species into the zeolite pores. The reaction of the NH4+ or H+ zeolite cations and the mobile Co precursors generates vapor or gas products, readily leaving the zeolite pores, and cobalt ions in lattice positions suggesting that solid‐state ion‐exchange is the prevailing process. The obtained catalysts are of good activity and N2 selectivity in the CH4/NO‐SCR reaction. The thermal treatment of acetate or formate salts give solid intermediates that are unable to get in contact and react with the cations in the zeolite micropores. These catalysts contain mainly Co‐oxide clusters located on the outer surface of the zeolite crystallites and have poor catalytic performance.
Context and innovation in traditional bureaucracies: A Hong Kong study
Authors: Scott Ian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTraditional bureaucracies, defined in Weberian terms, are almost invariably seen as antithetical to innovation. Yet, although the academic literature presents an array of formidable structural barriers to the emergence and implementation of new ideas, innovation does occur in traditional bureaucracies. How can the structural impediments be overcome? What are the processes that enable innovation to take place? Based on a longitudinal study of the Hong Kong government's innovation policies and practices, it is argued that political context is a critical variable explaining how, even in rigid traditional bureaucracies, barriers may be avoided or temporarily suspended. Two contrasting case studies are used to illustrate, first, the importance of political commitment in gaining acceptance for new ideas and, second, the failure of agencies dedicated to innovation to achieve their objectives. It is postulated that circumventing structural barriers or working through political channels to reduce their impact may be a more constructive strategy than creating dedicated agencies to develop innovative measures. The study is grounded in a literature review, documentary evidence from the Hong Kong government's innovative agencies, and interviews with senior staff from those agencies.
The evolution of anti‐emetic prescriptions in primary care, between 2006 and 2016
Authors: De Bandt David , Safsaf Sarah , Bourrion Bastien , Francois Mathilde 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContextSerious adverse events related to the use of domperidone and metoclopramide have been consistently reported in the literature for many years. This led to a restriction of their use in the early 2010s.ObjectiveThe main objective was to analyse the evolution of antiemetic prescription rate in French general practise between 2006 and 2016. The secondary objectives were to highlight prescription transfers for metopimazine and to quantify the impact on health expenditures.MethodAll patients from a representative sample of a national administrative claims database, the French national health insurance database, were included between 2006 and 2016. Trends in annual anti‐emetic prescription rates by general practitioners were analysed using logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender and the existence of cancer. The cost of theses changing prescription habits was quantified via Médic'AM, a public drug expenditure database.ResultsAround 669 020 individuals were included with a mean 8‐year follow‐up; 48 634 patients received an anti‐emetic at least once between 2006 and 2016. Prescription rates for all antiemetics decreased significantly from 2.1% to 0.4%, especially for metoclopramide from 0.5% to 0.1%, for domperidone from 1.5% to 0.1% and for metopimazine from 0.4% to 0.2%, which is not in favour of prescription transfers. Expenses fell from 30 million euros in 2006 to 10 million in 2016.ConclusionDecreases in anti‐emetic prescription rates and public health expenditures preceded the publication of official recommendations to reduce the use of metoclopramide and domperidone, without prescription transfers for metopimazine.
PPKTP Applications: Quantum Encryption
Authors: Plaut Yehiel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQuantum encryption is also known as quantum cryptography, or quantum key distribution (QKD). It is an application in the field of communications, whereby quantum mechanics is used to encrypt messages on single photons, so that unintended recipients cannot read the messages. Quantum encryption allows two parties to establish private encryption keys in an extremely secure manner.
Why, When and How to Apply Active Alignment
Authors: Spoorendonk Wouter , Beusenberg Marc 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConsumers, and therefore industries, are asking for higher performance, more complex, and smaller devices and sensors, which in turn increases the demand for high quality imaging. This drives up the accuracy of manufacturing optical systems. As complexity and accuracy increase, so do manufacturing challenges. Many optical system production systems can no longer rely on only mechanical alignment of components but need active alignment.
Wire‐to‐Wire Victory
Authors: Nathala Chandra S. R. , Dini Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe demand for minimally invasive surgery is continuously growing. Especially when it comes to the treatment of peripheral vascular and coronary artery diseases high quality medical devices are the key for long‐term favorable outcomes. In the past years, shape‐memory alloys (SMA) known to exhibit superelasticity and shape memory behaviors, have revolutionized the medical device manufacturing market. Nitinol is one of the most successfully used SMA. But there are challenges in the industrial machining of the alloy.
The iterative synthesis of discrete dimethylsiloxane oligomers: A practical guide
Authors: Lamers Brigitte A. G. , de Waal Bas F. M. , Meijer E. W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiscrete dimethylsiloxane oligomers are interesting building blocks for the synthesis of high χ–low N block co‐oligomers (BCOs) forming highly organized nanostructures. Here, a practical guide to the synthesis of molecularly defined oligodimethylsiloxanes (oDMS) from 7‐mer to 40‐mer via a linear growth strategy is described. The iteration of a hydroxylation reaction and the condensation of mono‐ or bifunctional hydroxysiloxanes with chloro‐octamethyltetrasiloxane results in asymmetric and symmetric siloxanes, respectively. The synthesis contains critical washing and purification steps to remove minor amounts of low and high‐molecular weight byproducts, which are detected using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and size‐exclusion chromatography. The oligomers are obtained on a multigram scale in yields of 94–50% and in high purity with only one molar mass detected. The formation of the chloride, hydroxide or hydride functional groups is adequately analyzed using 29Si NMR spectroscopy. The hydride terminated siloxane oligomers are used in Karstedt catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions with alkene‐functional substrates to obtain oDMS‐based oligomers and BCOs. Byproduct formation as a result of isomerization and reduction are followed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and minimized using dry conditions and low‐catalyst loadings.
Conservative management of airway tear as a complication of silicone endobronchial stenting in bronchomalacia secondary to endobronchial tuberculosis
Authors: Huan Nai‐Chien , Ng Khai Lip , Nasaruddin Mona Zaria , Muhammad Noorul Afidza , Daut Ummi Nadira , Abdul Rahaman Jamalul Azizi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTracheobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis (TSTB) is a potentially debilitating complication of endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB). Endobronchial interventions including silicone stent insertion is an acceptable approach to improve quality of life among patients with TSTB. However, little is known about the optimal management strategy for patients with bronchomalacia secondary to EBTB (B‐EBTB) and whether stent‐related complication rates are higher among this group of patients. Herein, we report two patients with B‐EBTB who unfortunately developed bronchial tear related to silicone endobronchial stenting. Both patients were successfully managed conservatively without the need for emergency open surgery. We hypothesize that endobronchial intervention might be more beneficial for patients with pure TSTB and might be riskier in cases of bronchomalacia with reduced airway thickness and loss of airway cartilaginous support. More future studies are needed to bridge the current gap in knowledge regarding the optimal management and role of endobronchial interventions among patients with B‐EBTB.