bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydration Products and Mechanical Properties Investigations of Nanofiber Additives in Cement Wellbore Environments
Authors: McElroy Phillip D. , Emadi Hossein , Watson Marshall C. , Heinze Lloyd 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Complete zonal isolation along with wellbore integrity is paramount to oil field development which ensures environmental safety and favorable well economics. However, the complexity of wells today increases the wellbore architecture's susceptibility to unavoidable stress events. This research focuses on utilizing aluminum oxide nanofibers (ANF's) in oil well cements. ANF's are a relatively new type of composite nanomaterial that has the potential to provide significant mechanical performance.
A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of ANF's. Nanofibers were ultrasonicated in water and characterized quantitatively by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and qualitatively by transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. The results show ANF's have high dispersibility. Cement class "H" formulations containing different percentages of ANF's by weight of cement (BWOC) were mixed and cured with various additives for 24 hours at 76.7 °C with 24.13 MPa. Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests were performed which suggested the inclusion of ANF's increases the UCS when compared to cement samples without ANF's. Although, high concentrations of ANF's results in nanofiber agglomeration which weakens the mechanical properties of the cement samples. The elastic properties of the cement samples were measured under cyclic confining pressures. All cement samples experienced low inelastic deformation during confining pressure cycling. Samples containing 0.1% ANF's BWOC possessed the lowest Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and the highest Poisson's Ratio. This increases the cement sheath's chances of resisting deformation due to casing contraction/expansion. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted to determine the hydration products. All cement formulation experienced the same XRD pattern with only variations in the diffraction peaks. Cement samples containing ANF's contained increased amounts of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel due to the nucleation effect and the formation of tobermorite.
Machine Learning Assisted Closed-Loop Reservoir Management using Echo State Network
Authors: Deng Lichi , Pan Yuewei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClosed-loop reservoir management (CLRM) consists of continuous application of history matching and optimization of model-predictive control to maximize production or reservoir net present value in any given period. Traditional field-scale implementation of CLRM by using a large number of reservoir models, in particular when uncertainty is accounted for, is computationally impractical. This presented machine-learning assisted workflow uses the Echo State Network (ESN) coupled with an empirical water fractional flow relationship as a proxy to replace time-consuming simulations and improve the computational efficiency of the CLRM. The ESN, under the paradigm of reservoir computing, provides a specific architecture and supervised learning principle for recurrent neural networks (RNN). ESNs, with randomly generated and invariant input weights and recurrent weights, greatly minimize the computational load and solve potential problems during typical backpropagation through time in traditional RNNs while it still obtains the benefits of RNNs to memorize temporal dependencies. Also, the linear readout layer makes the training much faster by using analytical Ridge Regression. Field level well control and production response data are fed into the workflow to obtain a trained ESN and fitted fractional flow relationship, which will represent/reproduce the dynamics of the reservoir under various well control scenarios. Further production optimization is directly applied on the matched models to maximize reservoir net present value. Optimized well control scenario is applied and further observation is obtained to update the models. History matching and production optimization are performed again in a closed-loop fashion. The aforementioned advantages make ESN a very powerful tool for CLRM with both history matching and production optimization quickly accomplished and make near-real-time CLRM possible. In the research, two case studies will be presented to prove the effectiveness of the proposed workflow.
Clinical features and outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a low burden region.
Authors: Mylona Eleni , Margellou Evangelia , Kranidioti Eleftheria , Vlachakos Vasilios , Sypsa Vana , Sakka Vissaria , Balis Evangelos , Kalomenidis Ioannis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Data on the clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients from countries with low disease burden are rare. Greece, however, presented a low burden of COVID-19 disease during the first pandemic outbreak. This is a retrospective study of COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Greece. Clinical data were extracted from medical records using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess the factors associated with ICU admission and in-hospital death. Eighty five patients were included in this study, 49 (57.7%) male with median (25th-75th) age 60 (49-72) years old. Sixty-one (72%) of them had at least one comorbidity with hypertension being the most common (45,6%). More than half (56%) had severe or critical disease, 20% required ICU care (14% received invasive ventilation) and 10.7% died. Solid tumor (p=0.021) and NEWS score (p=0.048), thrombocytopenia (p=0.036) or involvement of all lung fields in chest x-ray (p=0.002) on admission were independent risk factors of ICU admission. Immunosuppression (p=0.032) and thrombocytopenia (p=0.049) were independent predictors of death. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a European country with a low burden of the disease, in which hospital capacities had not been overwhelmed, had lower mortality rate compared to those reported patients hospitalized in regions with a high burden of the disease.
Loneliness and Depression in College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Boredom and Repetitive Negative Thinking as Mediators
Authors: Hager Nathan M. , Judah Matt R. , Milam Alicia L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered increased rates of depression, especially among college students. Due to social distancing guidelines, loneliness has been suspected as a prominent factor in depression during the pandemic. Research is needed to identify possible mechanisms through which loneliness conveys risk for pandemic-era depression. Two potential mechanisms are boredom and repetitive negative thinking (RNT). This study examined cross-sectional associations between depression, loneliness, boredom, and RNT in a sample of college students (N =199) in April 2020 immediately following campus closure. Results showed a serial indirect effect of loneliness on depression through boredom then RNT. Moreover, specific indirect effects of loneliness on depression were found through boredom and RNT, individually. These data align with cognitive-behavioral theory and identify boredom and RNT as possible mechanisms of the association between loneliness and depression in college students. As such, boredom and RNT might be suitable treatment targets for depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Geographic Disparities In Access To Cancer Clinical Trials In India
Authors: Chakraborty Santam , Mallick Indranil , Luu Hung N , Bhattacharyya Tapesh , Moses Arunsingh , Achari Rimpa Basu , Chatterjee Sanjoy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction The current study was aimed at quantifying the disparity in geographic access to cancer clinical trials in India. Methods We collated data of cancer clinical trials from the clinical trial registry of India (CTRI) and data on state-wise cancer incidence from the Global Burden of Disease Study. The total sample size for each clinical trial was divided by the trial duration to get the sample size per year. This was then divided by the number of states in which accrual was planned to get the sample size per year per state (SSY). For interventional trials investigating a therapy, the SSY was divided by the number of incident cancers in the state to get the SSY per 1,000 incident cancer cases. The SSY data was then mapped to visualise the geographical disparity.Results We identified 181 ongoing studies, of whom 132 were interventional studies. There was a substantial inter-state disparity - with a median SSY of 1.55 per 1000 incident cancer cases (range 0.00 - 296.81 per 1,000 incident cases) for therapeutic interventional studies. Disparities were starker when cancer site-wise SSY was considered. Even in the state with the highest SSY, only 29.7 % of the newly diagnosed cancer cases have an available slot in a therapeutic cancer clinical trial. Disparities in access were also apparent between academic (range: 0.21 - 226.60) and industry-sponsored trials (range: 0.17 - 70.21).Conclusion There are significant geographic disparities in access to cancer clinical trials in India. Future investigations should evaluate the reasons and mitigation approaches for such disparities.
Short-term effectiveness of precise safety decompression via double percutaneous lumbar foraminoplasty and percutaneous endoscopic lumbar decompression for lateral lumbar spinal canal stenosis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Yu , Deng Mingyan , Wu Hao , Wu Ye , Guo Chuan , Zhang Dongfeng , Kong Qingquan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose This prospective cohort study reports on a new technique, namely precise safety decompression via double percutaneous lumbar foraminoplasty (DPLF) and percutaneous endoscopic lumbar decompression (PELD) for lateral lumbar spinal canal (LLSC) stenosis, and its short-term clinical outcomes.Methods The study analyzed 69 patients with single-level LLSC stenosis simultaneously occurring in both zones 1 and 2 (defined as retrodiscal space and upper bony lateral recess respectively by new LLSC classification) who underwent DPLF–PELD from November 2018 to April 2019. Clinical outcomes were evaluated according to preoperative, three months postoperatively, and last follow-up, via leg pain/low back pain (LBP) visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores, and the Macnab criteria. The postoperative MRI and CT were used to confirm the complete decompression, and flexion-extension x-rays at the last follow-up were used to observe lumbar stability.Results All patients successfully underwent DPLF–PELD, and the stenosis was completely decompressed, confirmed by postoperative MRI and CT. The mean follow-up duration was 13 months (range: 8–17 months). The mean preoperative leg pain VAS score is 7.05 ± 1.04 (range 5–9), which decreased to 1.03 ± 0.79(range: 0–3) at three months postoperatively and to 0.75 ± 0.63 (range: 0–2) by the last follow-up visit(p < 0.05). The mean preoperative ODI was 69.8 ± 9.05 (range: 52–85), which decreased to 20.3 ± 5.52 (range: 10–35) at the third month postoperatively and to 19.6 ± 5.21 (range: 10–34) by the final follow-up visit(p < 0.05). The satisfactory (excellent or good) results were 94.2%. There was one patient with aggravated symptoms, which were relieved after an open surgery. Two patients had a dural tear, and two patients suffered postoperative LBP. No recurrence or segmental instability was observed at the final follow-up.Conclusion DPLF–PELD could be a good alternative for the treatment of LLSC stenosis patients whose stenosis occurred in both zones 1 and 2.Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800019551). Registered 18 November 2018.
Estimating the potential reduction in future sickness absence from optimizing group-level psychosocial work characteristics: a prospective, multicenter cohort study in German industrial settings
Authors: Fischer Joachim E , Genser Bernd , Nauroth Peter , Litaker David , Mauss Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Absence from work due to sickness impairs organizational productivity and performance. Even in organizations with perfect work conditions, some inevitable baseline sickness absence exists amongst working populations. The excess sickness absence observed above this baseline rate has become the focus of traditional health promotion efforts, addressing preventable physical illness, health behavior and mental health at the personal level. However, a health and safety approach following the TOP-rule would consider work-group psychosocial work characteristics as a potential risk factor amenable to organizational measures. To date, there is a scarcity of studies relating psychosocial work characteristics to possible reduction of excess sickness-absence rates.Methods: We aimed to estimate the potentially avoidable excess fraction of absence attributable to work-group psychosocial characteristics. We considered work-group averaged perception of psychosocial work characteristics as a proxy to the methodologically elusive objective assessment of organizational characteristics. Participants were recruited from multiple sites of a German automotive manufacturer with individuals nested within work groups. We predicted 12-month follow-up work-group sickness absence rates using data from a baseline comprehensive health examination assessing work characteristics, health behavior, and biomedical risk factors. We considered the quartile of work-groups yielding favorable psychosocial work characteristics as a realistic existing benchmark. Using the population attributable fraction method we estimated the potentially amenable sickness absence from improving work-group psychosocial characteristics. Results: Data from 3992 eligible participants from 29 work groups were analyzed (39 percent participation rate, average age 41.4 years (SD = 10.3 years), 89.9% males and 49% manual workers.). Work-group absence rates at follow up varied from 2.1% to 8.9% (mean 5.1%, 11.7 missed days). A prediction model of seven psychosocial work characteristics at the work group level explained 70 percent of the variance of future absence rates. The estimated reduction from improving psychosocial work characteristics to the benchmark level amounted to 32% of all sickness absence, compared to a 31% reduction from eliminating health behavioral and medical risk factors to the benchmark target. Conclusions: Psychosocial characteristics at the work-group level account for a relevant proportion of all sickness absence. Health promotion interventions should therefore address psychosocial characteristics at the work group level.
Health variations among breast-cancer patients from different disease states: Evidence from China
Authors: Yang Qing , Yu Xuexin , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to obtain health utility parameters among Chinese breast cancer patients in different disease states for subsequent health economics model. In addition, we aimed to explore the feasibility of establishing a breast cancer health utility mapping model in China.Methods: Multiple patient-reported health attributes were assessed, including quality of life, which was measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) instrument; health utility and self-rated health, which were measured by the EuroQol-5 Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Multivariate regression models, including a linear regression model, an ordinal logistic regression model and a Tobit model, were employed to analyze health differences among 446 breast cancer patients. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine differences in multiple dimensions of health derived from the FACT-B and EQ-5D-5L instruments. A mapping function was used to estimate health utility from quality of life. Rank correlation analyses were employed to examine the correlation between estimated and observed health utility values.Results: A total of 446 breast cancer patients with different disease states were analyzed. The health utility values of breast cancer patients in the P state (without cancer recurrence and metastasis), R state (with cancer recurrence within a year), S state (with primary and recurrent breast cancer for the second year and above), and M state (metastatic cancer) were 0.81 (SD±0.23), 0.90 (SD±0.12), 0.78 (SD±0.31), and 0.74 (SD±0.27), respectively. There were positive correlations between all scores, including every domain of the FACT-B instrument (p<0.001). Results from multivariate analysis suggested that patients in the R and M states had lower scores for overall quality of life (R, β = -9.45, p< 0.01; M, β = -6.72, p<0.05). Patients in the M state had lower health utility values than patients in the P state (β = -0.11, p< 0.05). Estimated health utility values, which were derived from quality of life by using a mapping function, were significantly correlated with directly measured health utility values (p<0.001).Conclusions: We obtained the health utility and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores of Chinese breast cancer patients in different disease states. Mapping health utility values from quality of life using four disease states could be feasible in health economic modelling, but the mapping function may need further revision.
Opioid use disorder in pregnancy: Leveraging provider perceptions to inform comprehensive treatment
Authors: Titus-Glover Doris , Shaya Fadia T , Welsh Christopher , Qato Danya M , Shah Savyasachi , Gressler Laura E , Vivrette Rebecca 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Medication-assisted treatment is recommended for pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD), yet only 50% receive the treatment. Knowledge deficit, limited access to prescribing providers, and complex delivery models are known barriers to treatment. Strategies for improvement of medication-assisted treatment during pregnancy require multi-disciplinary provider input. The objective of this study is to explore provider perceptions and factors critical to medication-assisted treatment delivery for pregnant women with OUD. Methods: A qualitative research approach was used to gather data from individual provider and group semi-structured interviews. Providers (n=12) responded to questions in several domains related to perceptions of medication-assisted treatment, treatment delivery, access to resources, and challenges/barriers. Data were collected, transcribed, coded (by consensus) and emerging themes were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Results: Emerging themes in this pilot study, revealed persistent provider knowledge/training gaps, inadequate service coordination, inconsistent treatment guidelines, stigmatization, and lack of resources such as housing and transportation. Providers found medication-assisted treatment offered pregnant women with OUD, a “lifeline.” Conclusions: In this pilot study, we conclude that, MAT variances can be improved by leveraging healthcare provider perceptions, direct experiences and recommendations towards a team-based, patient-centered integrated approach.
Distraction by a cognitive task has a higher impact on electrophysiological measures compared with conditioned pain modulation
Authors: Do A. T. Lisa , Enax-Krumova Elena , Özgül Özüm , Eitner Lynn B. , Heba Stefanie , Tegenthoff Martin , Maier Christoph , Höffken Oliver 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) evaluates the effect of a painful conditioning stimulus (CS) on a painful test stimulus (TS). Using painful cutaneous electrical stimulation (PCES) as TS and painful cold water as CS, the pain relief was paralleled by a decrease in evoked potentials (PCES-EPs). We now aimed to compare the effect of CPM with cognitive distraction on PCES-induced pain and PCES-EP amplitudes. Methods PCES was performed using surface electrodes inducing a painful sensation of 60 (NRS 0-100) on one hand. In a crossover design healthy subjects (included: n=38, analyzed: n=23) immersed the contralateral hand into 10°C cold water (CS) for CPM evaluation and performed the 1-back task for cognitive distraction. Before and during the CS and 1-back task, respectively, subjects rated the pain intensity of PCES and simultaneously cortical evoked potentials were recorded. Results Both CPM and cognitive distraction significantly reduced PCES-EP amplitudes (CPM: 27.6±12.0μV to 20.2±9.5μV, cognitive distraction: 30.3±14.2µV to 13.6±5.2μV, p<0.001) and PCES-induced pain (on a 0–100 numerical rating scale: CPM: 58±4 to 41.1±12.3, cognitive distraction: 58.3±4.4 to 38.0±13.0, p<0.001), though the changes in pain intensity and PCES-amplitude did not correlate. The changes of the PCES-EP amplitudes during cognitive distraction were more pronounced than during CPM (p=0.001).Conclusions CPM and cognitive distraction reduced the PCES-induced pain to a similar extent. The more pronounced decrease of PCES-EP amplitudes after distraction by a cognitive task implies that both conditions might not represent the general pain modulatory capacity of individuals, but may underlie different neuronal mechanisms with the final common pathway of perceived pain reduction.
Complete genome analysis of a virulent Vibrio scophthalmi strain VSc190401 isolated from diseased marine fish half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis&nbsp;
Authors: zhang zheng , Yu Yong-xiang , Wang Yin-geng , Liu Xiao , Wang Lifang , Zhang Hao , Liao Mei-jie , Li Bin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Vibrio scophthalmi is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, which is widely distributed in the marine environment. Earlier studies have suggested that it is a normal microorganism in the turbot gut. However, recent studies have confirmed that this bacterial strain can cause diseases in many different marine animals. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate its whole genome for better understanding its physiological and pathogenic mechanisms.Results: In the present study, we obtained a pathogenic strain of V. scophthalmi from diseased half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) and sequenced its whole genome. Its genome contained two circular chromosomes and two plasmids with a total size of 3,541,838 bp, which harbored 3,185 coding genes. Among these genes, 2,648, 2,298, and 1,915 genes could be found through annotation information in COG, Blast2GO, and KEGG databases, respectively. Moreover, 10 genomic islands were predicted to exist in the chromosome I through IslandViewer online system. Comparison analysis in VFDB and PHI databases showed that this strain had 334 potential virulence-related genes and 518 pathogen-host interaction-related genes. Although it contained genes related to four secretion systems of T1SS, T2SS, T4SS, and T6SS, there was only one complete T2SS secretion system. Based on CARD database blast results, 180 drug resistance genes belonging to 27 antibiotic resistance categories were found in the whole genome of such strain. However, there were many differences between the phenotype and genotype of drug resistance. Conclusions: Based on the whole genome analysis, the pathogenic V. scophthalmi strain contained many types of genes related to pathogenicity and drug resistance. Moreover, it showed inconsistency between phenotype and genotype on drug resistance. These results suggested that the physiological mechanism seemed to be complex.