bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrate as a potential prebiotic for the oral microbiome
Authors: Rosier B. T. , Buetas E. , Moya-Gonzalvez E. M. , Artacho A. , Mira Alex 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe salivary glands actively concentrate plasma nitrate, leading to high salivary nitrate concentrations (5–8 mM) after a nitrate-rich vegetable meal. Nitrate is an ecological factor that can induce rapid changes in structure and function of polymicrobial communities, but the effects on the oral microbiota have not been clarified. To test this, saliva of 12 healthy donors was collected to grow in vitro biofilms with and without 6.5 mM nitrate. Samples were taken at 5 h (most nitrate reduced) and 9 h (all nitrate reduced) of biofilm formation for ammonium, lactate and pH measurements, as well as 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. Nitrate did not affect biofilm growth significantly, but reduced lactate production, while increasing the observed ammonium production and pH (all p < 0.01). Significantly higher levels of the oral health-associated nitrate-reducing genera Neisseria (3.1 ×) and Rothia (2.9 ×) were detected in the nitrate condition already after 5 h (both p < 0.01), while several caries-associated genera (Streptococcus, Veillonella and Oribacterium) and halitosis- and periodontitis-associated genera (Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Prevotella, and Alloprevotella) were significantly reduced (p < 0.05 at 5 h and/or 9 h). In conclusion, the addition of nitrate to oral communities led to rapid modulation of microbiome composition and activity that could be beneficial for the host (i.e., increasing eubiosis or decreasing dysbiosis). Nitrate should thus be investigated as a potential prebiotic for oral health.
Measuring Speech Perception Using the Wide-Range Acoustic Accuracy Scale: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Hitchcock Elaine R. , Cabbage Kathryn L. , Swartz Michelle T. , Carrell Thomas D. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Speech perception requires individuals to hear and differentiate acoustic signals integral to effective communication. Measuring speech perception in children is challenging because speech perception methodology typically requires lengthy experiments that may fatigue children, resulting in limited knowledge of developmental perceptual skills. In this study, we used an adaptive tracking measure along with a wide range of acoustic stimuli to explore how adults, typically developing (TD) children, and children with speech sound disorder (SSD) perceive small acoustic differences in synthetic speech stimuli.

Method
Twenty-four adults, 15 TD children, and 15 children with SSD between the ages of 7;0–14;0 (years;months) were administered a newly developed perceptual assessment, the Wide-Range Acoustic Accuracy Scale, to determine the just-noticeable difference in discrimination for three separate syllable contrasts. Each syllable contrast varied along a single acoustic parameter: formant transition duration for /bɑ/–/wɑ/, F3 onset frequency for /dɑ/–/ɡɑ/, and F3–F2 distance for /rɑ/–/wɑ/.

Results
Findings revealed that adults and TD children did not differ in their discrimination of any syllable contrast, but adults significantly differed from SSD children on all syllable contrasts. TD children and children with SSD differed only on the /rɑ/–/wɑ/ contrast.

Conclusions
Children with SSD demonstrate less accurate and more variable perception skills relative to adults and TD children for /bɑ/–/wɑ/, /dɑ/–/ɡɑ/, and /rɑ/–/wɑ/ syllable contrasts. Clinical implications of the utility of the Wide-Range Acoustic Accuracy Scale are discussed.
Adapting Vocal Function Exercises for Voice Masculinization
Authors: Myers Brett , Bell Trevor 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The aim of this clinical focus article is to discuss the role of gender-diverse vocal function exercises (VFEs) in the context of voice and communication therapy for transgender men. Current literature on behavioral intervention with this population is very limited, and we present gender-diverse VFEs as a reasonable intervention approach.

Method
We developed a protocol for VFEs specific to voice masculinization, and we present a case study in which this technique was used for a transmasculine client who had not undergone hormone replacement therapy.

Results
Clinical measurements (acoustic, perceptual, and client self-rating) were collected before and after a course of voice therapy. Findings demonstrate decreased habitual speaking pitch and improved voice-related quality of life at the end of therapy, indicating successful outcomes for voice masculinization.

Conclusions
The recommended protocol for gender-diverse VFEs allows the trans male client to efficiently strengthen and coordinate the subsystems of voice production, particularly in the lower limits of his range. This clinical focus article also describes the need for strong research evidence to support all treatment modalities for transmasculine therapy, and this protocol offers one avenue for future investigations.
COVID-19 aus Sicht der Pneumologie – Langzeitfolgen und Implikationen für die pneumologische Nachsorge
Authors: Leo Fabian , Wormanns Dag , Grohé Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe long-term sequelae of COVID-19 on are not yet predictable. Radiological and histopathological data on COVID-19 and observational studies after the SARS-CoV-1 pandemic 2003/2004 suggest that in a proportion of COVID-19 patients, functional limitations due to pulmonary fibrosis and other patterns of lung damage may persist. Systematic follow-up, based on prudent pulmonary function testing, is warranted for the correct diagnosis, graduation and treatment of the underlying pathology at an early stage. This review summarizes the potential spectrum of Post-COVID-19 pulmonary disease patterns and provides recommendations for the follow-up care of COVID-19 patients in the field of respiratory medicine.
COVID-19 aus Sicht der Praxen und Notaufnahmen
Authors: Herold Tobias , Wörnle Markus , Schelling Jörg 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 challenges GP practice and emergency rooms across Germany. In addition to hygiene, the correct assignment of patients to outpatient, inpatient or intensive care management is difficult. This article provides an overview of aspects of initial care, management and risk assessment in COVID-19 patients. The care of corona infected patients can be improved at the interface between outpatient and inpatient care. There can be no “business as usual” after the crisis! Age, male sex and overweight are among the most important risk factors for serious corona disease. Poor oxygen saturation (< 88 %) and increased signs of inflammation (CRP > 97 mg/l and/or IL-6 > 80 pg/ml) indicate a critical course and should be determined in symptomatic patients. Only through regular dialogue between hospital and practice can meaningful decisions be made to slowly move from individual cases to a basic care structure.
COVID-19 aus Sicht der Neurologie
Authors: Simon Ole J. , Timmermann Lars 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvidence of neurological complications and direct affection of neuronal structures in the course of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is actually emerging. Therefore adequate medical care for neurological patients must also be guaranteed as part of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Multiple, peripheral and central neurological affections have been described, such as particular headache, consciousness disorders, cranial nerve disorders, peripheral nerve damage, epileptic seizures and ischemic events. Since abundant information on COVID-19 is published on a daily basis, this article aims to summarize and evaluate the current literature on this topic.
COVID-19 aus der Sicht der Gastroenterologie
Authors: Schulz Christian , Mayerle Julia , Stubbe Hans Christian , Sirtl Simon , Lerch Markus M. , Malfertheiner Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCOVID 19, caused by SARS-CoV2, a new variant of coronaviruses, typically presents with respiratory symptoms. However, in a significat number of patients different organs are involved in the disease, often including gastrointestinal symptoms. These could include loss of appetite, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, with diarrhea being associated with a more severe course of COVID-19. Because viral RNA can be detected in fecal samples, some implications for clinical routine in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are grown. Until yet, no clear evidence is given regarding fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV2.
Revised FIGO Staging for Cervical Cancer – A New Role for MRI
Authors: Merz Johanna , Bossart Michaela , Bamberg Fabian , Eisenblaetter Michel 
Published: July 2020

Cervical cancer is still the fourth most common malignancy in women worldwide and has a high mortality rate. The prognosis as well as the therapy depends largely on the extent of the tumor at the time of initial diagnosis. This shows the importance of correct staging of cervical cancer. In order to promote a globally uniform approach, staging of cervical cancer in the past was based on widespread examinations such as exam under anesthesia, histology from cervical conization or biopsy, systematic lymphadenectomy, cystoscopy, proctoscopy, i. v.-pyelogram and chest X-ray. However, as the primary tumor stage was often underestimated, the 2018 revised FIGO classification now permits cross-sectional imaging techniques and pathological findings to be incorporated into disease staging or an already existing stage to be adapted based on radiological findings. Thanks to its excellent soft tissue contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method of choice for local-regional staging of cervical cancer, evaluating the response to treatment, detecting tumor recurrence and for follow-up examinations. It is important that radiologists interpreting pelvic MRI in case of suspected cervical cancer are familiar with the current FIGO staging system. This is the only way to determine the tumor stage as precisely as possible and thus lay the foundation for the success of therapy for patients. The aim of this review is to present the changes of the revised FIGO classification as well as to show the importance of MRI as the method of choice for local-regional tumor staging as a complement to clinical examination.
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Citation Format
Usefulness of Thrombin Generation
Authors: Tripodi Armando 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThrombin generation (TG) is a global coagulation procedure meant to continuously monitor thrombin formation and decay upon exposure of platelet-poor plasma to exogenous triggers such as tissue factor, phospholipids, and calcium chloride. The procedure can also be performed in platelet-rich plasma by omitting exogenous phospholipids. TG is thought to mimic more than other coagulation procedures the process that occurs in vivo. Over the years, TG has been used to investigate coagulation mechanisms, which were not completely understood, or to investigate hyper- or hypocoagulability in clinical conditions known to be at increased risk of thrombosis or hemorrhage, respectively. More recently, TG has been employed as a laboratory tool to assess the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism or to assess the risk of arterial thromboembolism in specific clinical settings or in the general population. The article reviews the value and limitations of TG.
Pubertät – Die eigene Mitte finden in stürmischen Zeiten
Authors: Schierl Sabine 
Published: July 2020

SummaryÜber ein so großes Thema wie die Pubertät werden ganze Bücher aus den verschiedensten Blickwinkeln geschrieben. In diesem Artikel möchte ich meinen konstitutionellen Blick mit über 30 Jahren Erfahrung in chinesischer und anthroposophischer Medizin und 12 Jahren Tätigkeit als Schulärztin beschreiben und Gedanken zum therapeutischen Ansatz in den Raum stellen.In diesem Lebensabschnitt geht darum, das Feuer des Lebens und damit die Liebe und Freude an der eigenen Person, dem Gegenüber und zur Welt bzw. etwas Größerem zu entwickeln. Ein Weg vom ICH zum DU und schließlich zum WIR. Den ganz eigenen, individuellen Weg zu finden, das Potenzial und die Möglichkeiten, die jedem zur Verfügung stehen, zu entdecken. Hier gibt es keine Standardrezepturen und wir als Therapeuten können nur individuell begleiten. Es gilt, das eigene Herz zu öffnen für das Wunder Mensch, das hier weiterentwickelt werden möchte.
Clinical Outcomes of Double-Screw Fixation with Autologous Bone Grafting for Unstable Scaphoid Delayed or Nonunions with Cavitary Bone Loss
Authors: Ek Eugene T. , Johnson Paul R. , Bohan Carmel M. , Padmasekara Gayan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective This study reports on the clinical outcomes of double screw fixation with autologous cancellous bone grafting and early active range of motion for delayed and nonunited scaphoid waist fractures with cavitary segmental bone loss.
Patients and Methods Twenty-one consecutive patients underwent fixation using two 2.2 mm antegrade headless compression screws with autologous distal radius cancellous bone graft. Postoperatively, patients were allowed early active motion with a resting splint until union was achieved. Patients were reviewed radiologically and clinically to assess for fracture union, complications, residual pain, wrist function, and return to work and recreational activities.
Results All but one patient was male, and the mean age was 23 years (range, 15–38 years). The average time from initial injury was 16 months (range, 3–144 months). Nineteen of 21 (90.5%) patients achieved union at a mean of 2.8 months (range, 1.4–9.2 months). Of the patients who failed, one underwent revision surgery with vascularized bone grafting at 10.6 months. The other patient refused further intervention as he was asymptomatic.
Conclusion Double-screw fixation with bone grafting and early active range of motion is a safe and effective technique for management of delayed and nonunited unstable scaphoid fractures with cavitary bone loss. This potentially allows for earlier return to function, without compromise to union rates.
Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, retrospective case series study.
Suspected Case of Drug-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome following Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Treatment
Authors: Natterer Julia , Rizzati Frida , Perez Marie-Hélène , Longchamp David , Amiet Vivianne , DeHalleux Quentin , Dao Kim , Ferry Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we reported the case of a child patient who was admitted to our PICU for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) while being treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for osteomyelitis. Based on the timing of exposure, lack of alternative explanations, and clinical course similar to previously described cases, we suspect that TMP-SMX may have triggered ARDS. Despite meeting criteria for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation, conservative management and lung recruitment with high-frequency percussive ventilation could avoid the latter.
Two sides of the same coin: political science as professional and civic education
Authors: Gatt Sabine , Hayek Lore , Huemer Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile the relevance of political science is often evaluated with respect to its scholarly impact, evaluations of the teaching impact are rare. This paper offers a step towards strengthening the societal relevance of a political science degree. We treat the societal relevance of political science as a matter of the (non-)academic career preparation and civic education of its graduates. We are therefore interested in the career paths and individual learning outcomes of Austrian political science graduates. Data from the Graduate Monitoring and semi-structured interviews show that most graduates work outside of academia, moreover, as our results show, many graduates state that they had to acquire additional skills for their professional careers. Consequently, future curricula might consider a stronger focus on non-academic career preparation. At the same time, however, graduates highly value the civic dimension of the programme and the impact it had on their political agency.
Towards model-driven reconstruction in atom probe tomography
Authors: Fletcher Charles , Moody Michael P , Haley Daniel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Reconstructions in atom probe tomography (APT) are plagued by image distortions arising from changes in the specimen geometry throughout the experiment. The simplistic and inaccurate geometrical assumptions that underpin the conventional reconstruction approach account for much of this distortion. Here we extend our previous work of modelling APT experiments using level set methods to three dimensions (3D). This model is used to generate and subsequently reconstruct synthetic APT datasets from electron tomography (ET) of an

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multiphase specimen. Finally, we apply our model to the reconstruction of an experimental field-effect transistor (finFET) dataset. This model-driven reconstruction successfully reduces density distortions compared to conventional methods. By combining prior knowledge about the specimen geometry from sources such as ET, such an approach promises new distortion correcting APT reconstruction applicable to complex specimen geometries.
Linear interband optical refraction and absorption in strained black phosphorene
Authors: Yarmohammadi M , Mortezaei Nobahari M , Tien T S , Phuong L T T 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Strain effects have been widely addressed in monolayer black phosphorus (MBP) due to its significant influence on the orbital hybridization of atoms. In this theoretical contribution, we use the tight-binding model, the Harrison rule and the Kubo formula to describe the optical refraction and absorption of MBP in detail. The analytical study of the band gap in strained MBP demonstrates electronic phase transitions from semiconductor-to-semimetal/metal and semiconductor-to-insulator, in which both the compressive and tensile strains act linearly on the band gap alterations. The critical strains corresponding to these phase transitions are fully characterized as well. Our calculations show that the variation of the refraction inflections and absorption peaks depends on the strained band gap, however; the band gap changes under out-of-plane strains are different than the in-plane ones. The conditions under which this discrepancy is significant and/or negligible are investigated. Moreover, the dedication of minimal/maximal optical refraction and/or absorption in MBP to both in-plane and out-of-plane strains are fully addressed. Our theoretical results clarify the strain-induced interplay between the band gap and optical properties to propose a wide range of applications in nano-optoelectronics.
Surface potential decay and DC surface flashover characteristics of DBD plasma-treated silicone rubber
Authors: Guan Honglu , Chen Xiangrong , Du Hao , Jiang Tie , Paramane Ashish , Zhou Hao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an investigation on DC flashover voltage of silicone rubber (SiR) improved by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatments under ambient atmospheric pressure air. DC surface conductivity, surface potential decay (SPD), DC surface flashover voltage, partial discharge magnitude, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrograms, and surface water contact angles are measured to analyze the influence of plasma treatment on the SiR. It is found that the speed of SPD increase consistently with the plasma modification time. The tendency of flashover voltage is increasing at first and then decreasing with the increased time of the plasma treatment. The magnitude and number of partial discharge pulses increase apparently with the increased plasma treatment time. Physicochemical measurements indicate that more amount of polar groups appear on surface after the DBD plasma modification, whereas the surface water contact angles decline continuously with the increased plasma modification time. However, the hydrophobicity is recovered after 30 d exposure in the air. It is demonstrated that the SPD is accelerated significantly due to the increased surface conductivities and density of shallow traps. However, the reduction of flashover voltage after longer time of the plasma treatment is attributed to the increased mobility of charge carriers on the sample surface.
Improvement of p-electrode structures for 280 nm AlGaN LED applications
Authors: Chang Kai-Ping , Jheng Jhih-Yuan , Huang Shih-Yung , Wang Wei-Kai , Horng Ray-Hua , Wuu Dong-Sing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An improvement of Ni/Au/p+-GaN p-electrode for AlGaN deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs) with the emission wavelength of 280 nm is proposed for both p-side-up and flip-chip structures. An interdigitated multi-finger Ni/Au was employed in p-side-up DUV LED, where the p-GaN contact layer was partially removed to improve the light extraction efficiency without a serious current-crowding effect. The 9- and 12-finger LEDs were determined to have higher thermal dissipation and lower surface temperatures and correlated well with the theoretical simulation. For the comparison of p-side-up emission LEDs, the output power of 9-finger LED is 172% higher than that of conventional LED at the current injection of 350 mA. The optimum p-electrode pattern was further applied to the flip-chip LED structure. It is determined that the output power of 9-finger flip-chip LED at 350 mA is still 14.6% higher than that of a conventional flip-chip LED. The higher output power of 9-finger flip-chip LED with a wall-plug efficiency of 1.05% is attributed to the combination of the improved current-spreading path and the higher reflection through the moderate removal of partial p+-GaN absorbing layer.
Reverse advance internal magnesium diffusion process to produce dense MgB2 bulks and high JC
wires through high pressure heat treatment
Authors: Bovone G , Capra M , Bernini C , Loria F , Cetner T , Gajda D , Morawski A , Ballarino A , Hopkins S C , Tropeano M , Grasso G , Putti M , Ferdeghini C , Siri A S , Vignolo M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Here we report a new versatile technique to manufacture MgB2 massive samples, called reverse advance internal magnesium diffusion (r-AIMI). The idea focuses on the goal of obtaining dense bulk or wire samples depending on synthesis conditions. In respect to the traditional AIMI procedure, in which a central Mg rod is covered with a B corona, here a Mg tube is filled with B powder and clad in a Ti external sheath, which is quite similar to the traditional (powder in tube) technique. After cold deformation, during which several intermediate low temperature heat treatments are necessary in order to relax the Ti sheath and Mg tube, samples are reacted at high temperature and ambient pressure to form a dense MgB2 core. The MgB2 phase results are totally disconnected from metallic sheath, and can be easily extracted and characterized. Critical current density measurements show values exceeding 106 A cm−2 below 1.5 T at 20 K.
In the last part of the paper, we show the effect of final heat-treatment performed under high pressure to eliminate the present void and connect the external sheath to the internal MgB2 core and so permitting the electric transfer necessary for power applications of wires.