bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Torsion
Authors: Handhal Mohammed M. , Jawad David A. M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work aims to investigate the behavior of rectangular-section of reinforced concrete beams subjected to torsion by using the finite element method. An analytical study is presented in the current work on thirty-four beam specimens divided into two series. Compressive strength of concrete is the main parameter for first series which contains sixteen specimens (high strength concrete HSC and normal strength concrete NSC), the spacing of the stirrups is also investigated in this series. Second series, includes eighteen beams investigated for the effect of some parameter on the torsional capacity. These parameters are amount of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement, yield strength of longitudinal and transverse steel, reinforcement stresses, and crack patterns of HSC and NSC beams.
The results showed that for RC beams, the transverse reinforcement is more effective in resisting the applied torque, it is preferable to use a higher ratio of transverse reinforcement for the NSC and HSC beams, where the increase in ultimate torque was about 94% for an increase in the ratio from 6% to 16%, the effect of yield strength of steel is about 4.1% by changing the yield strength by 13.6% from 440 MPa to 500 MPa. The increasing of transverse reinforcement spacing significantly improves and increases the ultimate twisting angle. The mode of failure for the RC beams is more affected by the reinforcement ratio and the typical mode of failure for rectangular section beams is diagonal tension failure for both concrete grades.
Image Processing Encryption
Authors: Shabeeb Dhulfiqar Mohammed Saad , Ahmed Saadaldeen Rashid Ahmed , Ibrahim Abdullahi Abdu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this research paper is to develop a new approach of image processing encryption using machine learning techniques in python So that the human cannot understand the images because it is in encrypted form and can be securely transfer to its destination. We also used the computer-generated Holography (CGH) technique to encrypt and decrypt images. We first implement an existing algorithm and verify the claims of the authors. We then investigate higher dimensional Baker maps for image encryption. For this, we first propose a new interpretation for the Baker map in terms of a path function S. We then apply the higher dimensional maps for image encryption and experimentally conclude that 3D Baker map suffices for encryption. That is, there is no perceptible performance gained when using higher dimensional Baker maps. Next, in an attempt to use chaotic maps for the diffusion mechanism in the encryption scheme, we embed the diffusion process into the confusion process. For this, we first propose an alternative view of a 2D image as a 3D structure using the binary representation of the image intensity values. We extend this scheme from grayscale images to color images and show its immense value in color image encryption. Lastly, we propose a Baker map based on random walk of the image. Here, we employ sparse decomposition of images as a method of generating the random paths. Random walk-based Baker maps would be more difficult to break than traditional Baker maps because of the chaotic behavior in the walk itself. The significance of images and their sharing is increasing day by day. Their security is becoming an important issue while transferring over a public network. To protect images from hacker’s secret sharing is one of the best techniques. The secret sharing is a way to share a secret with n participants and then setup is made for t or more number of participants who must contribute to revealing the secret. Here t < n is known as a threshold which must be achieved for secret reconstruction.
A Dimensional Analysis of Local Sandy Soil Erosion Induced By Leaky Sewer Pipes
Authors: Nile Basim Kh. , Al-Baidhani Jabbar H. , Ghulam Ali N. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Soil erosion is the most important reason that leads directly to the formation of sinkholes in the roads of urban areas. Soil erosion occurs due to the movement of water from and into the surrounding soil through defects in sewer pipes. In the present study, dimensional analysis of the erosion process was carried out and a dimensionless model was proposed to estimate the rate of erosion for local sandy soil. Model tests were conducted under a varying matrix of influencing parameters including: leak size, soil particle size, initial water content, water flow rate, height of water level above the defect in soil, and number of water flow cycle. The experimental model involved soil exposed to cyclic water flow through leaks located at the bottom of the model. Eroded soil is collected, dried, weighted and sieved for each cycle. From the results, it was found that the proposed dimensional analysis prediction model can reasonably estimate the rate of erosion for the local sandy soil.
Study the effect of different types impellers on the transfer coefficient in photobioreactor.
Authors: Thamer Abdulrahman A. , Issa Al haboubi Naseer A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this research, study the effect of different types of impellers on the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient, (determination of KLaO2 is very important for photobioreactor design and process analysis, Where through measuring KLaO2, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient of carbon dioxide is calculated based on the following relationship klaCO2 = 0.9 klaO2 Which is one of the most key factors that depend on it in the design of the photobioreactor )then make comparison between them, the impellers type which used in this research is 4-blade propeller, mixed flow impeller, 2-blade propeller(plastic), a hybrid photobioreactor type has been used in this research, which is a mixture of a bubble column and the stirred tank photobioreactor, The variables that studied in this research are the impeller speed (100-500) rpm, the rate of airflow into the reactor (1-4) L/min, and the type of impeller used. KLaO2 can be measured by static gassing out method. Through practical experiments, it was found that the highest value of KLaO2 in the 4 blade propeller was at a flow rate of 2 liters per minute and impeller speed 500 rpm, which equals 0.0091 (1 / s). As for the impeller (mixed flow impeller), the highest value of KLaO2 was at a speed of 500 rpm and a flow rate of 4 L / min which equals 0.0118 (1 / s). The highest value of KLaO2 in the impeller 2 blade propeller (plastic)) was at a flow rate of 4 liters per minute and impeller speed 500 rpm which was equal to 0.0101 (1 / s).A comparison is made between the three impellers on the basis of their efficiency in giving high values of KLaO2, where it was found that the mean value of the KLaO2 for the impeller (mixed flow impeller) is higher than the other impellers, where the average value of the KLaO2 at a speed of (100-500) rpm and the flow rate(1-4)L/min is 0.00806 (1 / s). This means that the type of impeller (mixed flow impeller) has a high efficiency of mixing and mass transfer between gas and liquid. In this study, correlation equations were developed for each impeller to see the correctness of the results according to specific exponents and constants within the range of previous studies and research, and it was found that theoretical volumetric mass transfer coefficient values are close to practical volumetric mass transfer coefficient values.
Study of Shallow Groundwater in Al-Diwaniya City / South Iraq
Authors: Hadi Saad H. , Alwan Husam H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Al-Diwaniya city suffers from shallow groundwater levels, which cause serious problems on the foundation of builds in the area and affect the general health of citizens in residential areas. For investigating this problem, four different paths perpendicular to Shatt Al- Diwaniya were selected, along 11 hand-dug wells in the city to observe groundwater levels during a whole year (2019-2020). The work included observation boreholes water levels and comparing results with water levels in the Shatt al-Diwaniya. Along each of the four selected paths (A, B, C, and D), two boreholes are observed on each side of the Shatt al-Diwaniya. Depths of boreholes are from 6 to 12 m. All boreholes paths that represent shallow groundwater within residential districts. The water level of Shatt Al-Diwaniya and groundwater levels is monitored twice-per-month, especially over high and low water conditions within Shatt Al-Diwaniya. Hydrometric results showed a relationship between shallow groundwater and Shatt Al-Diwaniya levels in track A. The nature of this interaction along with the track A due to many local factors such as depth of water in Shatt Al-Diwaniya, amount of rainfall, factors of high water levels, conditions and climatic changes, soil factors and the current state of the deterioration of the sewage network in Diwaniya city. Finally, the results of the rest tracks indicated that the city is flooded with shallow groundwater due to the large sewage leakage in addition to the rainwater and that Shatt Al-Diwaniya does not affect groundwater in the area. Still, it works discharge groundwater in the city.
Sustainable tourism planning (case study of Al-Manar City - Republic of Iraq) study of potentials and means of development
Authors: Razzaq Al-Adday Ahmed , Valentinovich Prokopenko Vyacheslav 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the possibility of investing in tourism components in the marshes, which, if optimally exploited, makes Iraq an advanced tourist country, especially after the return of water to it and its revival again, by choosing a model in the marshes of the city of Al-Manar to plan a typical tourist village in it and can be generalized In other marsh areas where different tourism components will be exploited and used because this village is similar to the residential villages in the region in terms of the structural form and the method of using transportation to reflect the image of the traditional village of the river, however, it is in line with the requirements of tourist resorts in terms of providing various tourism services that The tourist feels comfortable, and through this tourist village there will be a tourist movement in the region for Arabs and foreigners, which helps in the exchange of information, learn about the heritage of the region, learn about its civilizations and practice various activities, as well as its economic returns through tourism and commercial activity in the tourist village and the region in general, Villages will provide many job opportunities for residents of the region, which reduces the unemployment rate and contributes to social change Cultural in the marsh community.
Modified Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm for fast transmitted data protection
Authors: Ali Huda H , H Shaker Shaimaa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With the exponential growth of digital data exchange over the computer network in recent times, protection of information content is becoming a major concern. There are many security risks, which can easily compromise the data transmitted over the network. Cryptography plays an important role in ensuring the security of digital data transmission over these unsafe networks,so in order to ensure secure and fast data transmitted over the network, an enhanced modification for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is proposed and implemented using additional key which generated using linear feedback shift register(LFSR), which provide an efficient technique to pseudo random number generation,also rounds number are decreased . The proposed method give promised result comparing with original AES algorithm result for different data type text, image, and video.
Study of the influence of the unauthorized blocks number on the speed and RAM expenses during the data analysis process
Authors: Maxim Olegovich Tanygin , Vyacheslav Porfirevich Dobritsa , Yahya Alshaeaa Hyder 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to the proper operation of the hardware and software systems and for increase of the reliability of legal data, it is necessary for the hardware device to receive data only from the corresponding software. Otherwise, the data received from extraneous device can lead to errors in the operation of the device or even to a complete loss of its functionality or data. In order to identify the challenges of the transfer of blocks, this study focuses on the influence of the number of unauthorized blocks, on the speed and RAM expenses during the data analysis process. The described method allows to reduce the costs of hardware, which exchanges and analyzes blocks of information. This is done with the help of a buffer to store information and with a set of mathematical equations. And measure the extent of the effect of intensity of receiving unauthorized blocks and hash field length.
Real Time Sleep Onset Detection from Single Channel EEG Signal Using Block Sample Entropy
Authors: Zobaed Talha , Ahmed AHMED Saadaldeen Rashid , Musa Miah Abu Saleh , Masuda Binta Salma , Ahmed AHMED Mohammed Rashid , Rashid Mamunur 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In recent years, driver’s temporary state has been one in each of the foremost causes of road accidents and would possibly lead to severe physical damaging, mortality and necessary and noticeable economic losses. Maximum road accidents possible to avoided, if possible, to properly monitored driver’s drowsiness and a system are given warnings. In this work, a simple and inexpensive method has been offered to detect driver’s drowsiness or sleep onset detection with single channel EEG signal analysis. The key novelty of this work is to identify the sleep onset detection from a publicly available graph signal dataset by exploitation only one feature, simply implementable filter in any microcontroller device or smartphone and a threshold based mostly classification. Since, threshold-based classification techniques don’t need to train the classifier, hence, new subject adaptation is comparatively easier and real time implementation is more feasible. This novel approach can be easily implemented in smartphone to design and expand a drowsiness detection and alarming system for vehicle’s driver. On a variety of subjects, the experimental results show 95.68% accuracy.
Management of Mobile Knowledge Base
Authors: Salal Hasan Luma 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the past years, Most organization have been disconnected management technologies. Now a day, organization seeking to increase innovation with models of business that moving to out sourced solutions, improving processes.
Knowledge management process today is increasing especially the acquisition and discovery carried out in mobile environment by the customers houses out of ever or through the road, bus train as where the mobile device are used instead of computer device for accessing to the high band width the network. Mobile knowledge management (mkm) is understand as usage of mobile accessing for establishing knowledge and document management system with user interface design.
In this paper show how the knowledge will be managed for mobile environment. then describe the types of mobile knowledge database which differs on the basic of knowledge processes on database. Aslo, show how built the mobile management system. In addition, define the technical media that’s used in the mobile environment.
Android application to retrieve car details from car plate numbers
Authors: Rashid Ahmed Saadaldeen , Rashid Ahmed Mohammed , Abdulwahhab MAJEED Doaa , Hazim Hammed Azal , salam Daham Asayel , Hazim Hammed Elaf 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Computer vision is a field in computer science that has had great success due to the increasing popularity of machine learning. Instead of having a human look at images and decide what they depict, we are able to teach computers to recognize patterns of previous images and see the resemblance in new images. In this paper we will get car all information from his number plates through an Android Application which use image preprocessing and YOLO (You only look once) technique to detect the plates and then optimal character recognition to read the plates and Arabic numbers of the cars in Iraq and we have trained it using darkflow. Every Car has its unique Licensed number plate which will be scanned and give the details about the car. Computer vision can also be used to read alphanumeric characters in images and turn them into text. We have implemented API to detect the text and number in the plates. The purpose of this project is to develop a system for our Government and Police So that If police need details about any car he would easily access it. We have achieved the accuracy of 92.23% which means out of 3500 number plates 3220 read correctly.
Evaluation of Scheduling Algorithms for Multimedia Applications over Dual-Stack Network
Authors: Khaleel Jaber Faris 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This research has been dealing with a topic of dual-stack networks of issues providing Quality of Service (QoS) in (IPv4/IPv6) dual-stack environment and analysis of various applications such as FTP, voice and video of QoS in these networks.
The future IP networks are relied upon to utilize IPv6 instead of IPv4, in light of the fact that IPv6 has been intended to fulfill the future system QoS necessities and IPv6 arrange offers huge points of interest over the current IPv4 organize. It will require a certain investment to change from IPv4 to IPv6. So that IPv4 and IPv6 will exist together amid the change period. In this examination, we embrace the Dual-Stack Transition Mechanism (DSTM) to think about system execution with scheduling algorithms applied QoS methods on (IPv4/IPv6) dual-stack traffic has been executed testbed created specifically for this study, with a view to validate the methods and evaluate the router’s overall execution. This paper is considered three queuing systems which are First In First Out (FIFO), Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) and Priority Queuing (PQ) as a comparative study to investigate their effects on real-time applications in (IPv4/IPv6) dual-stack networks support. Meet the simulation environment OPNET Modeler where the simulation results are collected and analyzed.
The networks that have been styled consist of various pieces as a switch, device node, routers and servers. The performance metrics considered in this paperwork is jitter, end-to-end delay, traffic sent and received etc.
SDN-RA: An Optimized Reschedule Algorithm of SDN Load Balancer for Data Center Networks Based on QoS
Authors: N. Kadim Umniah , J. Mohammed Imad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With the development of cloud computing during the latest years, data center networks have become a great topic in both industrial and academic societies. Nevertheless, traditional methods based on manual and hardware devices are burdensome, expensive, and cannot completely utilize the ability of physical network infrastructure. Thus, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has been hyped as one of the best encouraging solutions for future Internet performance. SDN notable by two features; the separation of control plane from the data plane, and providing the network development by programmable capabilities instead of hardware solutions. Current paper introduces an SDN-based optimized Reschedule Algorithm (called SDN-RA) for cloud data center networks. The SDN-RA performance is validated and compared as results to other two corresponding SDN; ECMP and Hedera methods. The simulation environment of current work implemented using Fat-Tree topology over Mininet emulator which is connected to the Ryu-SDN controller. The performance evaluation of SDN-RA shows an increase in the network in terms of throughput and link utilization besides a reduction of RTT delay and loss rate.
CNC Software Control System Using Visual Basic
Authors: M. Basheer Nasseer , A. Abdulla Hasan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines are having a great industrial role in the progress of humanity to furnish an exactly crafted pieces for different tools and instruments. In the last decade their use had become more popular due to the cheap microcontrollers that emerged and still emerging. The 3D printers’ availability made manufacturing of CNC machines simpler. But the need for easing the means to program a CNC machine is still required. This paper gives a software which is intended to make dealing with G-code used with this type of machines easier. This software allows the user to execute manually any step he wants in predefined steps which can be changed on demand, return to origin of working palette, control the working head to any level demanded. Also, it can transform any G-code already prepared to the CNC machine. This software is built using the visual basic vb6.net. The microcontroller used is the Arduino uno, the mechanical set is locally prepared, and the presented application is for line drawing. CNC machines can do a variety of jobs including; drilling, plotting, engraving, laser cut, PCB drilling … etc. This software had been tested successfully for drawing with ability to show the G-code for each manual movement. Applying it to other CNC applications demands changing the operation head and care for each condition application circumstances.
An Effective Load Balancing Algorithm Based on Deadline Constraint Under Cloud Computing
Authors: Ibraheem Arif Khaldun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cloud computing is one of the attractive topics in distributed systems. It provides services on-demand based on pay-as-you-go basis. Task scheduling and load balancing are important research issues in cloud computing. Task scheduling means distributing tasks to resources (Virtual Machines) while load balancing refers to distribution tasks among resources to even workload. In this paper, we propose an Effective Load Balancing Algorithm with Deadline constraint (ELBAD). The ELBAD allocates nearest deadline tasks each time to the highest speed Virtual Machines (VMs) then it balances workload among VMs. The proposed algorithm is compared with other existing algorithms such as FCFS, SJF, Min-Min and EDF and experimental results show superiority of ELBAD over others with respect to minimizing makespan and maximizing resource utilization.
On Hollow acts
Authors: Abdul-Kareem Shaymaa Amer 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we complete an early result by R. Khosravi and M. Roueentan on the hollow act and obtained new properties and characterizations for this notion continues the account of hollow act for commutative monoids begun on 2019. This notion (hollow acts) represents a dual notion to the uniform acts which were submit by M. Roueentan and M. Sedaghatjoo on 2017. An S-act Ms is referred to as hollow act if every subact Ns of Ms is small where a subact Ns is called small (or superfluous) in Ms if for every subact Hs of MS, NS∪HS=MS implies Hs=Ms. Equally, we reformulate this definition in another words as follows: an S-act Ms is referred to as hollow if whenever N1,N2 are subacts of Ms and N1 ∪N2 = Ms implies either N1=Ms or N2= Ms. Conditions under which subacts are inheriting the property of the Hollow act have been examined. As well as the condition on the quotient subact to be Hollow act was studied. Other properties of the small subact differ from those properties which were early studied by the author are investigated. In the interests of simplicity, the relationship between hollow acts and cyclic act is considered. As a consequence, conditions to coincide those classes are shown. Ultimately, the notion of the Hollow act was used to study when the endomorphism monoid will be local.