bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome evolution during bread wheat formation unveiled by the distribution dynamics of SSR sequences on chromosomes using FISH
Authors: Zhang Yingxin , Fan Chengming , Chen Yuhong , Wang Richard R.-C. , Zhang Xiangqi , Han Fangpu , Hu Zanmin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: During the bread wheat speciation by polyploidization, a series of genome rearrangement and sequence recombination occurred. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) sequences, predominately located in heterochromatic regions of chromosomes, are the effective marker for tracing the genomic DNA sequence variations. However, to date the distribution dynamics of SSRs on chromosomes of bread wheat and its donors, including diploid and tetraploid Triticum urartu, Aegilops speltoides, Ae. tauschii, T. turgidum ssp. dicocoides, reflecting the genome evolution events during bread wheat formation had not been comprehensively investigated.Results: The genome evolution was studied by comprehensively comparing the distribution patterns of (AAC)n, (AAG)n, (AGC)n and (AG)n in bread wheat Triticum aestivum var. Chinese Spring and its progenitors T. urartu, A. speltoides, Ae. tauschii, wild tetroploid emmer wheat T. dicocoides, and cultivated emmer wheat T. dicoccum. Results indicated that there are specific distribution patterns in different chromosomes from different species for each SSRs. They provided efficient visible markers for identification of some individual chromosomes and SSR sequence evolution tracing from the diploid progenitors to hexaploid wheat. During wheat speciation, the SSR sequence expansion occurred predominately in the centromeric and pericentromeric regions of B genome chromosomes accompanied by little expansion and elimination on other chromosomes. This result indicated that the B genome might be more sensitive to the “genome shock” and more changeable during wheat polyplodization.Conclusions: During the bread wheat evolution, SSRs including (AAC)n, (AAG)n, (AGC)n and (AG)n in B genome displayed the greatest changes (sequence expansion) especially in centromeric and pericentromeric regions during the polyploidization from Ae. speltoides S genome, the most likely donor of B genome. This work would enable a better understanding of the wheat genome formation and evolution and reinforce the viewpoint that B genome was originated from S genome.
Multi-State Analysis of the Impact of Childhood Starvation on the Healthy Life Expectancy of the Elderly in China
Authors: Dong huiling , Wu Bingyi , Wu Qunhong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Child malnutrition is not only common in developing countries, but also an important issue faced by developed countries. This study aimed to explore the influence and degree of childhood starvation on the health of the elderly, which providing a reference for formulating health-related policies under the concept of full-life cycle health. Methods: Based on Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2008, 2011 and 2014, this paper took a total of 13,185 elderly people aged 65-99 years as the target population. By IMaCH software, with age, gender, and income level as the control variables, and the average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy of the elderly was measured. The test was used to explore the differences in socio-economic status of elderly people with or without starvation in childhood. The paired t test was used to analyze the difference both average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Results: (1) Transition probabilities in health-disability, health-death, and disability-death all showed an upward trend with age(P<0.05), where the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood were higher than those without such an experience(P<0.05). However, the probability of disability-health recovery showed a downward trend with age(P<0.05), whereas the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood were lower than those without starvation(P<0.05).(2) For the elderly who experienced starvation in childhood, the health indicators of the average life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, and healthy life expectancy proportion accounted for the remaining life were lower than those of the elderly without childhood starvation (P<0.05). Conclusions: The negative impact of childhood starvation on health through the life course till old age, has a persistent negative cumulative effect on the quantity and quality of life for the elderly. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the nutritional status of children in poor families from the perspective of social policy-making.
Fingerprinting REE mineralization and hydrothermal remobilization history of the carbonatite-alkaline complexes, Central China: Constraints from in situ elemental and isotopic analyses of phosphate minerals
Authors: Su Jian-Hui , Zhao Xin-Fu , Li Xiao-Chun , Su Zhi-Kun , Liu Rui , Qin Zhi-Jun , Chen Mi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Carbonatites and related alkaline rocks host most REE resources. Phosphate minerals, e.g., apatite and monazite, commonly occur as the main REE-host in carbonatites and have been used for tracing magmatic and mineralization processes. Many carbonatite intrusions undergo metamorphic and/or metasomatic modification after emplacement; however, the effects of such secondary events are controversial. In this study, the Miaoya and Shaxiongdong carbonatite-alkaline complexes, in the South Qinling Belt of Central China, are selected to unravel their magmatic and hydrothermal remobilization histories. Both the complexes are accompanied by Nb-REE mineralization and contain apatite and monazite-(Ce) as the major REE carriers.
Apatite grains from the two complexes commonly show typical replacement textures related to fluid metasomatism, due to coupled dissolution-reprecipitation. The altered apatite domains, which contain abundant monazite-(Ce) inclusions or are locally surrounded by fine-grained monazite-(Ce), have average REE concentrations lower than primary apatite. These monazite-(Ce) inclusions and fine-grained monazite-(Ce) grains are proposed to have formed by the leaching REE from primary apatite grains during fluid metasomatism. A second type of monazite-(Ce), not spatially associated with apatite, shows porous textures and zoning under BSE imaging. Spot analyses of these monazite-(Ce) grains have variable U-Th-Pb ages of 210–410 Ma and show a peak age of 230 Ma, which is significantly younger than the emplacement age (440–430 Ma) but is roughly synchronous with a regionally metamorphic event related to the collision between the North China Craton and Yangtze Block along the Mianlue suture. However, in situ LA-MC-ICP-MS analyses of those grains show that they have initial Nd values same as those of magmatic apatite and whole rock. We suggest these monazite-(Ce) grains crystallized from the early Silurian carbonatites and have been partially or fully modified during a Triassic metamorphic event, partially resetting U-Pb ages over a wide range. Mass-balance calculations, based on mass proportions and the REE contents of monazite-(Ce) and apatite, demonstrate that the quantity of metasomatized early Silurian monazite-(Ce) is far higher than the proportion of monazite-(Ce) resulting from the metasomatic alteration of the apatite. Therefore, Triassic metamorphic events largely reset the U-Th-Pb isotopic system of the primary monazite-(Ce) and apatite but only had limited or local effects on REE remobilization in the carbonatite-alkaline complexes in the South Qinling Belt. Such scenarios may be widely applicable for other carbonatite and hydrothermal systems.
О протестантских влияниях действительных и мнимых: православные катехизисы от Стефана Зизания до Феофана Прокоповича
Authors: Корзо Маргарита А 
Published: December 2020

Feofan Prokopovich’s contemporaries believed that his catechetical works contained elements of Protestant
dogma. And in historiography it is commonly considered that Feofan’s theological treatises became the
channel for the penetration of Protestant dogma into Russian religious thought. Similar accusations were
addressed to some Orthodox authors of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the first half of the 17th
Century (Stefan Zizani and others), whose catechetical works received wide distribution in Russia and
determined the vector of development of the Russian catechetical tradition. This article analyses what specific
arguments were put forward by critics and from which theological position, and whether these accusations
testify to the actual presence of elements of Protestant dogma in the Orthodox literature of the era, or
whether we are dealing with a polemical argument.
French books of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, or “bibliothèque de cabinet” of Regent Anna Leopoldovna?
Authors: Speranskaya Natalia 
Published: December 2020

In 1745, some six hundred volumes of French books were transferred from the Summer Palace, in St.
Petersburg, to the Academy of Sciences, and in 1750 returned to the court. Here, we show that three
inventories of these books have been preserved to this day, two of which contain an indication that they
had belonged to Anna Leopoldovna (in 1740-41, regent during the reign of her underage son, Emperor
Ioann Antonovich), and were later donated by Empress Elizabeth Petrovna to Ivan Ivanovitch Shuvalov.
Thus, the books described in these catalogs are not the library of Elizabeth Petrovna, as was previously
assumed, but that of Anna Leopoldovna.
The Correlation of Online Health Information–Seeking Experience With Health-Related Quality of Life: Cross-Sectional Study Among Non–English-Speaking Female Students in a Religious Community
Authors: Kavosi Zahra , Vahedian Sara , Montazeralfaraj Razieh , Dehghani Tafti Arefeh , Bahrami Mohammad Amin 
Published: December 2020

Background
Given the increasing availability of the internet, it has become a common source of health information. However, the effect of this increased access on health needs to be further studied.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between online health information–seeking behavior and general health dimensions in a sample of high school students in Iran.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. A total of 295 female students participated in the study. The data were collected using two validated questionnaires: the e-Health Impact Questionnaire and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS version 23 (IBM Corp).

Results
The participants moderately used online information in their health-related decisions, and they thought that the internet helped people in health-related decision making. They also thought that the internet could be used to share health experiences with others. Participants had moderate confidence in online health information and stated that the information provided by health websites was moderately understandable and reliable and moderately encouraged and motivated them to play an active role in their health promotion. Nevertheless, the results showed that online health information–seeking experience had no significant correlation with health-related quality of life.

Conclusions
This study provides insights into the effect of using internet information on the health of adolescents. It has important implications for researchers and policy makers to build appropriate policies to maximize the benefit of internet access for health.
Merging and splitting flows in a tee: the Pavlovsky method
Authors: Petrichenko Mihail R. , Solov’yova Ol’ga A. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The Pavlovsky method is employed to consider the flows that merge and split inside a tee.
Materials and methods. The problem of flows, merging and splitting inside a simple straight tee, is reduced to the problem of limits in a theory of functions applied to the characteristic function of a flow. The influence of the geometric parameter of a tee (a module), head losses and an external power source, produced on the flow rate coefficient in a tee, is identified in the work.
Results. The co-authors identified a relation between the geometric parameters of a tee and its capacity in case of an isoenergetic flow and an external mechanical power supply.
Conclusions. As for practical tasks, it is sufficient to reproduce a pentagon, stylizing a simple straight tee, on a strip having a ledge, while preserving the correspondence of points of polygons. The following conclusions are made: dissipation does not reduce the flow rate coefficient when flows merge, neither does it reduce the flow rate coefficient when flows split; minimum values of flow rate coefficient q = Q0/Q1 in case of merging flows are attained in the absence of dissipation, and they do not exceed the maximum value of the flow rate coefficient in case of splitting flows is attained in the absence of dissipation and it is not less than dissipation in a tee is explained by the flow separation from the vertex of angle B when flows merge and by the flow separation from the vertex of angle C when flows merge. Hydraulic losses do not reduce flow rate coefficient q = q+ when flows merge and do not increase flow rate coefficient q = q– when flows split. flow rate coefficient q+ goes down if a source of external mechanical power (a pump) is connected to a tee when flows merge; if flows split, the flow rate coefficient goes up and varies within the 1 < q– < 2 interval, and it doesn’t go up if q– > 2.
KAJIAN TATA NIAGA KARET ALAM: UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI
Authors: Napitupulu Dompak 
Published: December 2020

Komoditas karet masih merupakan salah satu sumber pendapatan rumahtangga petani di Provinsi Jambi. Namun terlepas dari usaha perkebunan yang telah diwariskan secara turun temurun tersebut, secara umum dapat dikatakan bahwa petani karet rakyat identik dengan kemiskinan. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari sistem pemasaran karet rakyat di Provinsi Jambi, serta mengkaji peluang peningkatan pendapatan petani karet rakyat melalui perbaikan sistem pemasaran karet rakyat di Provinsi Jambi. Terdapat sejumlah 5 (lima) lembaga yang membentuk 12 kombinasi saluran pemasaran yang terlibat dalam pengaliran bokar dari titik produsen sampai ke pabrik crumb rubber dengan kualitas karet yang diperdagangkan masih rendah. Sementara itu, hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa pada dasarnya terdapat hubungan yang nyata antara kualitas bokar yang diperdagangkan dengan harga yang diterima oleh petani. Hal ini berarti seyogyanya petani menghasilkan bokar mutu baik agar pendapatan mereka dapat lebih tinggi. How to Cite : Napitupulu, D. (2011). Kajian tata niaga karet alam: upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan petani. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 29(1), 76-92. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/113
EVALUASI PENGUJIAN LANJUTAN KLON KARET IRR SERI 200 PADA MASA TANAMAN BELUM MENGHASILKAN
Authors: Daslin Aidi 
Published: December 2020

Kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman karet generasi keempat yang dimulai tahun 1985 telah menghasilkan klon IRR seri 200. Dari hasil uji plot promosi telah diseleksi beberapa klon harapan dengan daya hasil lateks tinggi, pertumbuhan jagur, resisten terhadap penyakit serta memiliki sifat-sifat sekunder penting yang baik. Untuk mendapatkan informasi yang lebih luas telah dilakukan uji lanjutan sebanyak 12 klon pada dua lokasi masing-masing di kebun Serbangan, PT. Bakrie Sumatra Plantation dan kebun Aek Pamienke, PT. Socfin Indonesia provinsi Sumatera Utara, yang dibangun tahun 2005 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok. Pengamatan pertumbuhan lilit batang dilakukan pada umur 2, 3, dan 4 tahun, tebal kulit, jumlah saluran, dan diameter pembuluh lateks masing-masing pada umur 5 tahun serta intensitas serangan penyakit gugur daun Colletotrichum, Oidium, dan Corynespora pada umur 3 dan 5 tahun. Dari pertumbuhan lilit batang pada umur empat tahun, IRR 220 dan IRR 211 tergolong klon yang jagur (masing-masing lilit batang 44,9 dan 51,0 cm). Klon IRR 220 tergolong stabil di dua lokasi pengujian, sedangkan IRR 211 adaptif di lokasi dengan iklim yang lebih basah. Berdasarkan ketebalan kulit dan pembuluh lateks, klon IRR 208, IRR 211, IRR 215, IRR 217 dan IRR 220 diprediksi berpotensi cukup baik sebagai penghasil lateks. Semua klon yang diuji tergolong agak resisten sampai dengan resisten terhadap penyakit gugur daun Colletotrichum, Oidium, dan Corynespora. Diterima : 2 Februari 2011; Disetujui : 3 Mei 2011How to Cite : Daslin, A. (2011). Evaluasi pengujian lanjutan klon karet IRR seri 200 pada masa tanaman belum menghasilkan. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 29(2), 93-101. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/241
KARAKTERISASI SIDIK JARI DNA ISOLAT Corynespora cassiicola YANG BERASAL DARI BERBAGAI SENTRA PERKEBUNAN KARET INDONESIA
Authors: Oktavia Fetrina , Munir Misbakhul , Suryaningtyas Heru , Kuswanhadi Kuswanhadi 
Published: December 2020

Salah satu tahapan penting untuk mendapatkan klon unggul yang tahan terhadap Penyakit Gugur Daun Corynespora (PGDC) adalah uji ketahanan klon-klon karet terhadap serangan jamur Corynespora cassiicola. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang tepat, diperlukan informasi genetik dari isolat C. cassiicola yang digunakan. Analisis sidik jari DNA dari tujuh isolat C. cassiicola sudah dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik RAPD. Isolat C. cassiicola diisolasi dari klon karet GT 1 di tujuh sentra perkebunan Karet di Indonesia yaitu Bengkulu (CBK), Lampung (CLP), Kalimantan Barat (CKB), Jawa Tengah (CJT), Sumatera Selatan (CSS), Jambi (CJB) dan Sumatera Utara (CSU). Hasil analisis RAPD menggunakan 15 primer menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik tujuh isolat C. cassiicola cukup tinggi (89,3%). Nilai kesamaan genetik antara isolat bervariasi, dimana kesamaan genetik tertinggi ditemukan antar isolat Sumatera Selatan dengan Jambi yaitu (68,49%) dan kesamaan terendah antara isolat Lampung dengan Sumatera Selatan (51,09%). Analisis UPGMA menunjukkan isolat terbagi ke dalam empat kelompok. Dari 15 primer yang digunakan, 10 primer yaitu OPN-04, OPN-05, OPN-11, OPN-12, OPN-19, OPN-20, OPH-04, OPH-09. OPH-12 dan OPH-16 mampu menghasilkan pola spesifik pada masing-masing isolat, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai metode identifikasi alternatif. Diterima : 19 September 2011; Disetujui : 15 Oktober 2011How to Cite : Oktavia, F., Munir, M., Suryaningtyas, H., & Kuswanhadi. (2011). Karakterisasi sidik jari DNA isolat Corynespora cassiicola yang berasal dari berbagai sentra perkebunan karet Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 29(2), 118-129. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/244
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN STIMULAN GAS TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN KARAKTER FISIOLOGI KLON BPM 24
Authors: Herlinawati Eva , Kuswanhadi Kuswanhadi 
Published: December 2020

Penggunaan stimulan seperti etefon atau gas etilen telah banyak diterapkan terutama pada perkebunan karet untuk meningkatkan produksi lateks. Mekanisme kerja stimulan yang berbahan aktif etefon dalam tanaman karet yakni terdekomposisi menjadi etilen, asam hidroklorit, dan asam fosfat. Stimulan dengan bahan aktif etefon berpengaruh tidak langsung, peningkatan produksi hanya mencapai kurang dari 50%. Sementara itu stimulan dengan bahan aktif berupa gas etilen diabsorbi langsung oleh batang tanaman karet dengan jumlah yang lebih banyak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi sistem stimulan gas terhadap produksi, karakter fisiologi, pertumbuhan vegetatif, dan kepekaan terhadap kering alur sadap. Frekuensi stimulan yang tepat dan optimum akan memberikan produksi tinggi, tanpa menimbulkan efek negatif terhadap metabolisme sel lateks. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Sembawa mulai Oktober 2010 sampai September 2011. Penelitian disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 5 perlakuan sistem sadap dan 4 ulangan, menggunakan klon BPM 24 tahun tanam 1997 berumur 13 tahun. Penyadapan telah dilakukan sejak 2002 dengan sistem sadap S/2 d3 ET2,5% 10/y(m). Perlakuan antara lain S/4 U d3 6d/7 ETG 40/y (w), S/4 U d3 6d/7 ETG 20/y (2w), S/4 U d3 6d/7 ETG 10/y (m), S/4 U d3 6d/7 ET2,5% 40/y (w), dan S/4 U d3 6d/7 ET2,5% 20/y (2w). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dengan frekuensi stimulan gas yang tepat diharapkan, produksi tanaman karet dapat ditingkatkan tanpa menimbulkan pengaruh yang negatif terhadap kesehatan tanaman. Stimulan gas dapat meningkatkan produksi sebesar 66,1-76,2% dibanding S/4 U d3 6d/7 ET2,5% 20/y (2w). Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan terhadap produksi, kondisi fisiologis, dan kesehatan tanaman, pengisian gas ke dalam aplikator dilakukan setiap 2 minggu dan panel dipindahkan setiap 3 bulan untuk menghindari menurunnya produksi akibat “kelelahan” panel sadap. Diterima : 17 Juli 2012; Disetujui : 20 September 2012 How to Cite : Herlinawati, E., & Kuswanhadi. (2012). Pengaruh penggunaan stimulan gas terhadap produksi dan karakter fisiologi klon BPM 24. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 30(2), 100-107. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/126
PENGUJIAN MUTU KRITEX SP SEBAGAI PENGGUMPAL LATEKS
Authors: Simanjuntak Mauritz , Bachtiar Bachtiar , Rachmawan Arief 
Published: December 2020

Hampir seluruh lateks kebun untuk produk karet ekspor harus digumpalkan sebelum diproses lanjut. Bahan penggumpal lateks yang selama ini dianjurkan adalah asam format. Dengan alasan harga yang relatif mahal dan ketersediaan yang sulit diperoleh, sebagian besar petani karet jarang menggunakan asam format dan lebih memilih menggunakan penggumpal yang tidak dianjurkan seperti pupuk SP dan TSP, berakibat menurunkan kualitas karet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengujian terhadap kualitas Kritex SP (penggumpal alternatif berbahan aktif asam anorganik) dalam menggumpalkan lateks dan membandingkannya dengan asam format sebagai kontrol. Percobaan dilakukan pada skala laboratorium untuk mengetahui mutu krep, dan pada skala pabrik untuk mengetahui pengolahan RSS menggunakan penggumpal Kritex SP. Parameter yang diamati meliputi waktu koagulasi, spesifikasi teknis, dan sifat fisika vulkanisat krep maupun RSS. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa lama penggumpalan lateks kebun dengan larutan 2,50% Kritex SP (25,00 menit) berbeda nyata dengan lama penggumpalan larutan 7,50% Kritex SP (18,00 menit), tetapi tidak berbeda secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan lama penggumpalan larutan 5% Kritex SP (20,33 menit) dan larutan kontrol (22,33 menit). Koagulum yang dihasilkan dengan penggumpal Kritex SP bersifat lebih lembut dan lunak dibandingkan koagulum dari asam format. Spesifikasi teknis dan sifat fisika vulkanisat krep dari Kritex SP tidak berbeda nyata dengan krep dari asam format. Dosis Kritex SP yang diperlukan dalam pengolahan RSS (2,35 ml/liter lateks) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dosis asam format (1,90 ml/liter lateks). Lembaran sit basah hasil penggumpalan Kritex SP berukuran lebih panjang, lebih tipis dan kurang lebar dibandingkan sit asam format. Spesifikasi teknis dan sifat fisika vulkanisat RSS dari Kritex SP tidak berbeda nyata dengan asam format, kecuali parameter PRI yang lebih rendah (83,50%) dibandingkan kontrol (86,00%). Diterima : 11 Juli 2012; Disetujui : 2 Oktober 2012 How to Cite : Simanjuntak, M., Bachtiar., & Rachmawan, A. (2012). Pengujian mutu kritex sp sebagai penggumpal lateks. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 30(2), 108-116. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/127