bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nonlinear relationship between marsh size and sediment trapping capacity compromises salt marshes’ stability
Authors: Donatelli Carmine , Zhang Xiaohe , Ganju Neil K. , Aretxabaleta Alfredo L. , Fagherazzi Sergio , Leonardi Nicoletta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlobal assessments predict the impact of sea-level rise on salt marshes with present-day levels of sediment supply from rivers and the coastal ocean. However, these assessments do not consider that variations in marsh extent and the related reconfiguration of intertidal area affect local sediment dynamics, ultimately controlling the fate of the marshes themselves. We conducted a meta-analysis of six bays along the United States East Coast to show that a reduction in the current salt marsh area decreases the sediment availability in estuarine systems through changes in regional-scale hydrodynamics. This positive feedback between marsh disappearance and the ability of coastal bays to retain sediments reduces the trapping capacity of the whole tidal system and jeopardizes the survival of the remaining marshes. We show that on marsh platforms, the sediment deposition per unit area decreases exponentially with marsh loss. Marsh erosion enlarges tidal prism values and enhances the tendency toward ebb dominance, thus decreasing the overall sediment availability of the system. Our findings highlight that marsh deterioration reduces the sediment stock in back-barrier basins and therefore compromises the resilience of salt marshes.
Long-term effects of socioeconomic status on the incidence of decreased glomerular filtration rate in a Southeast Asian cohort
Authors: Kitiyakara Chagriya , Saranburut Krittika , Thongmung Nisakorn , Chittamma Anchalee , Vanavanan Somlak , Donsakul Kobkiat , Sritara Piyamitr , Vathesatogkit Prin 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThere is limited information on the role of low socioeconomic status (SES) in the development of new chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population, especially from developing countries. This study will test the hypothesis that low SES increases the risk of incidence of decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR, used as an estimate for CKD) in a Thai worker cohort.MethodIn this prospective, longitudinal observational study, we evaluated the association of income and educational attainment on incident decreased GFR (iGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2) over a 27-year period in employees of Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand. In 1985, subjects participated in a health survey and were re-examined in 1997, 2002, 2007 and 2012. Education was classified into three categories: low, 0–8th grade; medium, 9–12th grade; and high, >12th grade. Income was categorised as follows: low <10 000 Thai Baht (THB)/month; medium, 10 000–20 000 THB/month; and high, >20 000 THB/month. HRs ofiGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2were estimated using Cox interval-censored models with high income or education as the reference groups after adjustments for clinical risk factors.ResultsParticipants (n=3334) were followed for 23 (15, 27) years. When evaluated separately, both education and income were risk factors foriGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2(adjusted HR education: medium—1.26 (95% CI 1.13 to1.42) and low—1.57 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.81) and adjusted HR income: medium—1.21 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.50) and low—1.47 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.82)). When both income and education were included together, low and medium education remained independently associated withiGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2.ConclusionsLow education was independently associated with increased risk of decreased GFR in a Thai worker population. Strategies to identify risk factors among low SES may be useful to prevent early CKD.
Childhood socio-economic conditions and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from a pooled sample of 14 011 adults from India
Authors: Mallinson Poppy Alice Carson , Lieber Judith , Bhogadi Santhi , Kinra Sanjay 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundSouth Asians are at an increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease, but the reasons for this are unclear. Poor socio-economic conditions in childhood are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in many high-income countries and may be particularly relevant to South Asia, where socio-economic deprivation is more prevalent and severe. However, evidence from South Asia is limited.MethodsWe pooled data from two large population-based studies in India to provide a geographically representative and adequately powered sample of Indian adults. We used multilevel linear regression models to assess associations between standard of living index (SLI) in childhood (measured by recalled household assets at age 10–12 years) and major cardiovascular risk factors including adiposity, blood pressure, and fasting blood lipids, glucose and insulin.ResultsData on 14 011 adults (median age 39 years, 56% men) were analysed. SLI in childhood was inversely associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, independent of socio-economic conditions in adulthood, with beta coefficients (95% CIs) of −0.70 mmHg (−1.17 to −0.23) and −0.56 mmHg (−0.91 to −0.22), respectively, per SD increase in SLI in childhood. There was no strong evidence for an association between SLI in childhood and other risk factors of cardiovascular disease.ConclusionsPoor socio-economic conditions in childhood may contribute to the increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease among South Asians by raising their blood pressure. Elucidating the mechanisms and improving socio-economic conditions for children in South Asia could provide major reductions in the burden of cardiovascular disease.
Kerr-MOG black holes with stationary scalar clouds
Authors: Qiao Xiongying , Wang Mengjie , Pan Qiyuan , Jing Jiliang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe establish the existence of stationary clouds of massive test scalar fields around Kerr-MOG black holes. By solving the Klein–Gordon equation numerically, we present the existence lines of the clouds in the parameter space of the Kerr-MOG black holes, and investigate the effect of the MOG parameter on the rich structure of scalar clouds. We observe that the MOG parameter leads to the split of the existence lines for the scalar clouds, and the larger MOG parameter makes it possible for the clouds to exist in the case of the lower background angular velocity. Numerical results are compared with the analytical formula obtained by an asymptotic matching method, and we find that both results are consistent with each other. In particular, it is shown that the larger MOG parameter, the better agreement between analytical and numerical results. This implies that the matching method is a powerful analytical tool to investigate the scalar clouds existing in the Kerr-MOG black holes. Moreover, we obtain the location of the existence lines and show that the clouds are concentrated at the larger radial position for the Kerr-MOG black holes when compared to the Kerr black holes.
Covering Small Independent Sets and Separators with Applications to Parameterized Algorithms
Authors: Lokshtanov Daniel , Panolan Fahad , Saurabh Saket , Sharma Roohani , Zehavi Meirav 
Published: June 2020

We present two new combinatorial tools for the design of parameterized algorithms. The first is a simple linear time randomized algorithm that given as input a
d
-degenerate graph
G
and an integer
k
, outputs an independent set
Y
, such that for every independent set
X
in
G
of size at most
k
, the probability that
X
is a subset of
Y
is at least ((
(d+1)k
k
) .
k
(d+1))
-1
. The second is a new (deterministic) polynomial time graph sparsification procedure that given a graph
G
, a set
T
= {s_1, t_1} , {s_2, t_2}, …. , {s_ℓ , t_ℓ} of terminal pairs, and an integer
k
, returns an induced subgraph
G*
of
G
that maintains
all
the inclusion minimal multicuts of
G
of size at most
k
and does not contain any (
k
+2)-vertex connected set of size 2
O(k)
. In particular,
G*
excludes a clique of size 2
O(k)
as a topological minor. Put together, our new tools yield new randomized fixed parameter tractable (FPT) algorithms for S
TABLE
s-t
S
EPARATOR
, S
TABLE
O
DD
C
YCLE
T
RANSVERSAL
, and S
TABLE
M
ULTICUT
on general graphs, and for S
TABLE
D
IRECTED
F
EEDBACK
V
ERTEX
S
ET
on
d
-degenerate graphs, resolving two problems left open by Marx et al. [
ACM Transactions on Algorithms,
2013{. All of our algorithms can be derandomized at the cost of a small overhead in the running time.
Structure Learning of H-Colorings
Authors: Blanca Antonio , Chen Zongchen , Štefankoviè Daniel , Vigoda Eric 
Published: June 2020

We study the following structure learning problem forH-colorings. For a fixed (and known) constraint graphHwithqcolors, given access to uniformly randomH-colorings of an unknown graphG=(V,E), how many samples are required to learn the edges of G? We give a characterization of the constraint graphs Hfor which the problem is identifiable for every Gand show that there are identifiable constraint graphs for which one cannot hope to learn every graph Gefficiently. We provide refined results for the case of proper vertexq-colorings of graphs of maximum degree d. In particular, we prove that in the tree uniqueness region (i.e., whenq≤ d), the problem is identifiable and we can learnGin poly(d,q)× O(n2logn) time. In the tree non-uniqueness region (i.e., when q≤ d), we show that the problem is not identifiable and thusGcannot be learned. Moreover, whenq ≤ d- √d + Θ (1), we establish that even learning an equivalent graph (any graph with the same set ofH-colorings) is computationally hard—sample complexity is exponential innin the worst case. We further explore the connection between the efficiency/hardness of the structure learning problem and the uniqueness/non-uniqueness phase transition for generalH-colorings and prove that under a well-known uniqueness condition in statistical physics, we can learnGin poly(d,q)× O(n2logn) time.
Improved Dynamic Graph Coloring
Authors: Solomon Shay , Wein Nicole 
Published: June 2020

This article studies the fundamental problem of graph coloring in fully dynamic graphs. Since the problem of computing an optimal coloring, or even approximating it to within n1-εfor any ε > 0, is NP-hard in static graphs, there is no hope to achieve any meaningful computational results for general graphs in the dynamic setting. It is therefore only natural to consider the combinatorial aspects of dynamic coloring or alternatively, study restricted families of graphs.Toward understanding the combinatorial aspects of this problem, one may assume a black-box access to a static algorithm forC-coloring any subgraph of the dynamic graph, and investigate the trade-off between the number of colors and the number of recolorings per update step. Optimizing the number of recolorings, sometimes referred to as the recourse bound, is important for various practical applications. In WADS ’17, Barba et al. devised two complementary algorithms: for any β > 0, the first (respectively, second) maintains anO(Cβn1/β)(respectively,O(Cβ)-coloring while recoloring O(β) (respectively, O(βn1/β)) vertices per update. Barba et al. also showed that the second trade-off appears to exhibit the right behavior, at least for β = O(1): any algorithm that maintains aC-coloring of ann-vertex dynamic forest must recolor Ω (n2C(C-1)) vertices per update, for any constant C ≥ 2. Our contribution is twofold:• We devise a new algorithm for general graphs that improves significantly upon the first trade-off in a wide range of parameters: for any β > 0, we get a Ô (Cβlog2n)-coloring with O(β) recolorings per update, where the Ô notation suppressespolyloglog(n)factors. In particular, for β = O(1), we get constant recolorings withpolylog(n)colors; not only is this an exponential improvement over the previous bound but also it unveils a rather surprising phenomenon: the trade-off between the number of colors and recolorings is highly non-symmetric.• For uniformly sparse graphs, we use low out-degree orientations to strengthen the preceding result by bounding the update time of the algorithm rather than the number of recolorings. Then, we further improve this result by introducing a new data structure that refines bounded out-degree edge orientations and is of independent interest. From this data structure, we get a deterministic algorithm for graphs of arboricity ɑ that maintains an O(ɑ log2n)-coloring in amortized O(1) time.
The role of social media in reshaping the academic activities of vocational and technical education lecturers in Nigeria
Authors: Jebba Adamu Muhammaed 
Published: June 2020

<span lang="EN-US">The use of social media is one of the predominant features in the average daily life of students and lecturers across tertiary institutions in Nigeria. It was against this backdrop that this study was carried out to determine the role of social media in reshaping the future of academic activities among lecturers of Vocational and Technical education in Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. A structured questionnaire consisting of 40- items was developed by the researcher for data collection. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Kuder Richardson (KR20) formula which yielded 0.85. The population of the study comprised lecturers from the two Colleges of Education in Niger State. Four research questions guided the study. The findings revealed among others that social media is a technological tool that can reshape the future of teaching Vocational and Technical education as it brings with it new opportunities which is capable of promoting collaborative teaching and learning as well as the potential to promote and reshape the future of higher education in institutions of learning. Furthermore, the trend according to the findings of this study revealed that the overwhelming patronage is in terms of making new friends (online), playing games, exchange of affectionate/love messages, online chatting, sharing selfies, spreading false information, hate speeches, and even quarrelling with virtual friends. On the basis of these findings, some recommendations were made which among others include the need for the college management to mount capacity building programmes to retrain the lecturers to understand the concept of social learning and to keep them abreast with innovative teaching and learning platform such as social media.</span>
The opinions of students, professors and practice teachers on the teaching practice course
Authors: Töre Esra 
Published: June 2020

<span>The goal of this study was the evaluation of the teaching practice course in the Psychological Counseling and Guidance (PCG) department by students, professors and practice teachers. It was a pneumology study designed with qualitative research method. The study group consists of seven students, five professors and five practice teachers from 3 different schools and 3 different universities in İstanbul. Study data were analyzed with content analysis. It was found that the communication and collaboration between the professors and practice teachers of the teaching practice course were low, and the applications within the scope of the course were inadequate. Additionally, the study has revealed that it is necessary to inform the practice teachers about the previous courses and internships the students have taken, to ensure the attendance of students to full-day practice courses on different days and that a detailed teaching practice course guide is prepared. This study is thought to benefit the literature in the sense that it shows how PCG teaching practice course differs from other teaching practice courses, in addition to suggestions to the decision makers and practitioners for improving the course.</span>
Lifelong learning tendencies of trainers in adult education
Authors: Şentürk Şener , Duran Volkan 
Published: June 2020

<span>Life-long learning competencies, skills and attitudes are of having significance for education processes. The study was designed based on the correlational survey model. Population consists of 354 trainers in Public Education Centers in Samsun. In terms gender, there was a significant difference in lack of regulation and lack of curiosity dimension in favour of females in terms of lifelong learning tendencies. It was found that as the age level increases, the tendency to persistence which is the sub-factor of lifelong tendencies increases. It was found that as the level of education increases, persistence level decreases and regulation skill increases. No statistically significant difference was found between the mean scores of lifelong learning tendencies in terms of professional seniority variable and mode of their work. It was seen that the trainers who did not receive pedagodical formation had higher tendency in the fields of motivation and persistence. It was found that there was a significant difference in the sub-dimension of lack of regulation of learning according to the existance of any curriculum related to their field of study in favour of saying “no”.</span>
Active learning education in Museum
Authors: Namli Altintas İrem , Kozaner Yenigül Çiğdem 
Published: June 2020

<p>In this study, it was aimed to determine social studies candidates how to practice about make of use museums as a learning environment. It was tried to discuss a case, for this purpose ıt was used case study. The study group consisted of 19 students (12 females, 7 males) studying social studies at a public university. Participants were given museum training lasting 7 weeks and the process started with the visit of the Antalya Archeology Museum. In this study, Museum Evaluation Forms were used as data collection tools. These forms were used at two-stage. The first stage was the Pre-Museum Evaluation Form and the second stage was the Activity Evaluation Forms. Content analysis technique was used in data analysis, and the forms were examined separately and themes and categories were created. In the categories, the statements of some of the participants were given with direct quotations. As a result of the research, the expectations of the students before the museum training are divided into the categories of Learning about the use of the Museum, Historical awareness and Embodiment in the theme of Cognitive Field. In the affective main theme, it was determined that it was divided into the categories of Group Work, Contribution to Professional Knowledge and Being an Effective Citizen. In the Cognitive Field theme, the students' experiences after museum training are divided into the categories of Field Knowledge, Museum Use Learning and Creativity. In the affective Thinking, Contribution to Professional Knowledge, Permanent Learning, and Role-Playing are the categories of the affective categories. Participants stated that to make use of museum to effect on the cognitive area more effective than affective area. </p>
Why some religious individuals are not emotionally smart? The explanatory role of spirituality
Authors: Ng Hui Wen , Prihadi Kususanto Ditto 
Published: June 2020

<p align="left">In two studies, we intend to investigate whether spirituality can explain the relationship between intrinsic religious orientation (IRO) and emotional intelligence (EI). Seventy-three worshipping houses-going adults, aged 18-56, had participated in the study. Data was collected by employing Intrinsic Scale of Religious Orientation Scale, Spirituality Assessment Scale, and the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test. Our first study discovered that IRO is not a significant predictor of EI. Nevertheless, Bootstrap analysis with 5000 samples and 95% interval confidence indicated that spirituality fully mediated the link between intrinsic religious orientation and emotional intelligence in our second study. In other words, without high level of spirituality one’s religious orientation does not significantly predict their emotional intelligence. Limitation and suggestion are discussed at the end of the paper. </p>
Preservice Turkish language teachers’ attitudes toward Anatolian dialects
Authors: Şeref İzzet 
Published: June 2020

<p><span>This study aimed to reveal preservice Turkish Language teachers' attitudes toward the use of Anatolian dialects in education in terms of their genders and years at university. The participants of the study are 201 preservice teachers who are 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th-year students studying at Turkish Language Teaching undergraduate program at Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University in the 2017-2018 academic year. The study is a correlational survey employing a descriptive research method. The data of the study were collected employing a scale named Attitude Scale Toward Anatolian Dialects. Using SPSS 22.0, t-Test for independent samples and One-Way ANOVA for independent samples were employed to analyze the data. As a result of the study, it is found out that there is a significant difference between the attitudes toward Anatolian dialects in favor of males; and being only between 2nd and 4th-year students, there is a significant difference between the attitudes in favor of 2nd-year students.</span></p>
Semantic category and situation aspect in the Biblical Hebrew Niphal and Hitpael
Authors: Benton Richard C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A clear distinction between the Niphal and Hitpael derivational morphology in Biblical Hebrew has eluded scholars. Traditionally, they have been distinguished according to voice (passive and middle) and reflexivity, where the Niphal tends more to express the former and the Hitpael, the latter. These categories result in significant overlap between these verbal forms, however. To fill attempt to fill this gap, the present study examines the complex relationship between the situation aspect, namely, State, Activity, and Accomplishment, of these verbal forms and the semantic category of verbal roots, both of which contribute to the meaning of a given verb. The Niphal tends consistently towards the situation aspect of State, and the Hitpael towards Activity, as I showed previously (Benton 2009). This paper delves additionally into Accomplishments as a compound aspect of an Activity followed by a State, and it shows that the Hitpael expresses the first phase and the Niphal, the second. The semantic categories in this study include denominal, deadjectival, and motion verbs. The verbal forms consistently follow their situation aspect in all the semantic categories of this study, but, significantly, the semantic category of these verbs imposes an additional dimension of meaning, further distinguishing between the two verbal forms. Authors can combine roots and derivational morphology for stylistic effect. Finally, the article suggests areas where the intersection of morphology, situation aspect, and semantic category can aid linguistic analysis in Biblical Hebrew and other Semitic languages.
Making the Best of Austin’s Goldfinch
Authors: Gustafsson Martin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses Austin’s goldfinch example from “Other Minds,” which plays a central role in Kaplan’s Austin’s Way with Skepticism. The paper aims to clarify the obscure distinction Austin makes in connection with this example, between cases in which we know and can prove and cases in which we know but can’t prove. By discussing a couple of remarks that Austin makes in passing, a view is extracted from his text that stands in conflict with Kaplan’s reading at a fundamental point. The view proposed emphasizes the role of law-like generics in our practice of knowledge attribution, and brings out the disjunctivist elements in Austin’s conception. It is argued that the response to skepticism that Kaplan ascribes to Austin is not fully satisfactory, since it fails to tell us what makes some challenges to our knowledge claims appropriate and others outrageous. The alternative view proposed in this paper can handle this problem without postulating the sort of general external criterion that Kaplan’s Austin rightly rejects.