bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus: Overcoming the strong inhibitory effect of manganese
Authors: Saha Badal C. , Kennedy Gregory J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractItaconic acid (IA), a building block platform chemical, is produced industrially by Aspergillus terreus utilizing glucose. Lignocellulosic biomass can serve as a low cost source of sugars for IA production. However, the fungus could not produce IA from dilute acid pretreated and enzymatically saccharified wheat straw hydrolyzate even at 100‐fold dilution. Furfural, hydroxymethyl furfural and acetic acid were inhibitory, as is typical, but Mn2+ was particularly problematic for IA production. It was present in the hydrolyzate at a level that was 230 times over the inhibitory limit (50 ppb). Recently, it was found that PO43− limitation decreased the inhibitory effect of Mn2+ on IA production. In the present study, a novel medium was developed for production of IA by varying PO43−, Fe3+ and Cu2+ concentrations using response surface methodology, which alleviated the strong inhibitory effect of Mn2+. The new medium contained 0.08 g KH2PO4, 3 g NH4NO3, 1 g MgSO4·7H2O, 5 g CaCl2·2 H2O, 0.83 mg FeCl3·6H2O, 8 mg ZnSO4·7H2O, and 45 mg CuSO4·5H2O per liter. The fungus was able to produce IA very well in the presence of Mn2+ up to 100 ppm in the medium. This medium will be extremely useful for IA production in the presence of Mn2+. This is the first report on the development of Mn2+ tolerant medium for IA production by A. terreus.
Block Copolymer‐Derived Recessed Nanodisk‐Array Electrodes as Platforms for Folding‐Based Electrochemical DNA Sensors
Authors: Harandizadeh Zeinab , Ito Takashi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper reports the characteristics of folding‐based electrochemical DNA sensors fabricated on recessed nanodisk‐array electrodes (RNEs). The RNEs were based on gold substrates coated with polystyrene‐block‐poly(methylmethacrylate)‐derived thin films (30 nm thick) comprising vertically‐oriented cylindrical nanopores (14, 20 or 30 nm in diameter). RNE‐based sensors were fabricated by modifying the underlying gold surface with a stem‐loop DNA probe with a terminal methylene blue (MB) tag. The electrochemical responses of such RNE‐based sensors to complementary single‐stranded 17‐mer DNA were compared with those of film‐free counterparts using cyclic voltammetry. RNE‐based sensors exhibited signal suppression at a significantly lower target DNA concentration than film‐free sensors, possibly due to the manipulated dynamic properties of the MB tag as suggested by its apparent electron transfer rate constant and/or enhanced hybridization within the nanopores. These results indicate that RNEs provide unique platforms for developing folding‐based electrochemical sensors with improved sensitivity.
Nano/Micromotors for Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases
Authors: Yuan Kaisong , Jiang Zhengjin , Jurado‐Sánchez Beatriz , Escarpa Alberto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMicromotors are man‐made nano/microscale devices capable of transforming energy into mechanical motion. The accessibility and force offered by micromotors hold great promise to solve complex biomedical challenges. This Review highlights current progress and prospects in the use of nano and micromotors for diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. Motion‐based sensing and fluorescence switching detection strategies along with therapeutic approaches based on direct cell capture; killing by direct contact or specific drug delivery to the affected site, will be comprehensively covered. Future challenges to translate the potential of nano/micromotors into practical applications will be described in the conclusions.
Light‐Induced Formation of Thymine‐Containing Mercury(II)‐Mediated Base Pairs
Authors: Naskar Shuvankar , Müller Jens 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBy applying caged thymidine residues, DNA duplexes were created in which HgII‐mediated base pair formation can be triggered by irradiation with light. When a bidentate ligand was used as the complementary nucleobase, an unprecedented stepwise formation of different metal‐mediated base pairs was achieved.
Alfred Werner: Overlooked Genius of the Periodic System
Authors: Kurushkin Mikhail V. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract2019, which was proclaimed by the United Nations as the International Year of the Periodic Table, sees one hundred years since Alfred Werner, the first Swiss to receive a Nobel Prize in chemistry, passed away. The undoubted father of coordination chemistry, he is also well‐known for influencing many other fields of chemistry, including organic, inorganic, organometallic, bioinorganic, and stereochemistry. However, one of his more rare and unique contributions to chemistry, his 1905 version of the periodic system, to this day remains overlooked. The simple and elegant idea which he used to construct his periodic table has not been communicated to the English‐speaking world, because Alfred Werner published his only original paper on the periodic table in German. Werner's simple mathematical approach lead to overwhelming success with anticipating the future f‐block. He managed to predict almost perfectly the number of lanthanides, which was hotly debated at that time. Werner's genius vision was considerably ahead of its time. It was not until the 1940s and the discovery of actinide series when the idea of representing the elements as a 32‐column periodic table finally became justified.
Consequences of Curvature on Induced Magnetic Field: The Case of Helicenes
Authors: Orozco‐Ic Mesías , Barroso Jorge , Charistos Nickolas D. , Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro , Merino Gabriel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHelicenes consist of several fused rings twisted around an axis, forming a cylindrical helix, with π‐delocalized electrons in the non‐planar rings. Induced magnetic fields dissecting the orbital contributions of [6]‐, [7]‐, and [14]helicene are discussed. Computations show a deshielding cone produced by the π‐electrons along the helical axis. Unexpectedly, the response of the core electrons produces a shielding cone, which is cumulative and sensitive to the curvature of the systems owing to the overlap of the other ring responses. A warning is provided regarding the evaluation of the delocalization in curved systems in which the x‐ and y‐components of the induced magnetic field become relevant.
Gapmer Antisense Oligonucleotides Containing 2′,3′‐Dideoxy‐2′‐fluoro‐3′‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐β‐d‐lyxofuranosyl Nucleotides Display Site‐Specific RNase H Cleavage and Induce Gene Silencing
Authors: Danielsen Mathias B. , Lou Chenguang , Lisowiec‐Wachnicka Jolanta , Pasternak Anna , Jørgensen Per T. , Wengel Jesper 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOff‐target effects remain a significant challenge in the therapeutic use of gapmer antisense oligonucleotides (AONs). Over the years various modifications have been synthesized and incorporated into AONs, however, precise control of RNase H‐induced cleavage and target sequence selectivity has yet to be realized. Herein, the synthesis of the uracil and cytosine derivatives of a novel class of 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐fluoro‐3′‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐β‐d‐lyxo‐configured nucleotides has been accomplished and the target molecules have been incorporated into AONs. Experiments on exonuclease degradation showed improved nucleolytic stability relative to the unmodified control. Upon the introduction of one or two of the novel 2′‐fluoro‐3′‐C‐hydroxymethyl nucleotides as modifications in the gap region of a gapmer AON was associated with efficient RNase H‐mediated cleavage of the RNA strand of the corresponding AON:RNA duplex. Notably, a tailored single cleavage event could be engineered depending on the positioning of a single modification. The effect of single mismatched base pairs was scanned along the full gap region demonstrating that the modification enables a remarkable specificity of RNase H cleavage. A cell‐based model system was used to demonstrate the potential of gapmer AONs containing the novel modification to mediate gene silencing.
Mild, Selective Ru‐Catalyzed Deuteration Using D2O as a Deuterium Source
Authors: Eisele Pascal , Ullwer Franziska , Scholz Sven , Plietker Bernd 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA method for the selective deuteration of polyfunctional organic molecules using catalytic amounts of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] and D2O as a deuterium source is presented. Through variation of additives like CuI, KOH, and various amounts of zinc powder, orthogonal chemoselectivities in the deuteration process are observed. Mechanistic investigation indicates the presence of different, defined Ru‐complexes under the given specific conditions.
Performance evaluation of surgical techniques for treatment of scapholunate instability in a type II wrist
Authors: Leonardo‐Diaz Roberto , Alonso‐Rasgado Teresa , Jimenez‐Cruz David , Bailey Colin G. , Talwalkar Sumedh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe investigated the performance of three tenodesis techniques, modified Brunelli, Corella, and scapholunate axis (SLAM) methods in repairing scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) disruption for a type II wrist using finite element–based virtual surgery and compared the results with those of a previous investigation for a type I wrist. In addition, a comparison of the carpal mechanics of type I and type II wrists was undertaken in order to elucidate the difference between the two types. For the type II wrist, following simulated SLIL disruption, the Corella reconstruction technique provided a superior outcome, restoring dorsal gap, volar gap, and SL angle to within 3.5%, 7.1%, and 8.4%, respectively, of the intact wrist. Moreover, application of the ligament reconstruction techniques did not significantly alter the motion pattern of the type II and type I wrists. For the type I wrist, SLIL disruption resulted in no contact between scaphoid‐lunate cartilage articulation, whereas for the type II wrist, some contact was maintained. We conclude that the Corella ligamentous reconstruction technique is best able to restore SL gap, angle, and stability following SL ligament injury for both type II and type I wrists and is able to do so without altering wrist kinematics. Our findings also support the view that type I wrists exhibit row behaviour and type II wrists column behaviour. In addition, our analysis suggests that the extra articulation between the lunate and hamate in a type II wrist may help improve stability following SL ligament injury.
Study of the lightfastness properties of prints on blister foils by spectral reflectance
Authors: Mandal Mahasweta , Bandyopadhyay Swati 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study describes the lightfastness properties of printed foil samples due to long‐time exposure. Lightfastness is an important property for any kind of print products to assess their print stability. The fastness properties of prints can be described in terms of print durability and image stability. It may also be used for verification of printed expiry date and authenticity or validity of the product. Moreover, any kind of deterioration in package print quality will affect the product's sale adversely. Little work has been conducted to study the fastness properties of printed films and foils. In this work, blister foils printed in the gravure printing process have been taken as the sample as they have extensive usage in food and medicine packaging. An artificial lightfastness tester BGD 865/A Bench Xenon Test Chamber (B‐SUN) is used to study the light fastness of Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black inks on the foil. The spectral curves and colorimetric values are measured using an Ocean Optics Spectroradiometer (DH2000BAL) before and after exposure. A kinetic model is proposed to predict the fading rate of the printed foil. The optimal model has given excellent prediction with a correlation coefficient of 0.90 to 0.93 for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black prints, respectively. The largest color difference ΔE00is achieved for Yellow print followed by Magenta. Cyan and Black prints have shown small changes with time when the gravure prints are exposed to the artificial aging chamber.
Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Using an Effective Chelate‐Assisted Defect Passivation Strategy
Authors: Jiang Jun , Fang Xiang , Xu Yibo , Jia Xuguang , Chen Yu , Chen Yiqi , Hu Hongwei , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPerovskite solar cells are sensitive to subtle changes in atmospheric conditions, resulting in problems such as the collapse of the perovskite structure and sharp drops in efficiency. Internal defects are also a big obstacle for high‐quality polycrystalline perovskites. At present, it is difficult to control the density of the trapping sites. By using the bidentate chelating agent thenoyltrifluoroacetone (ttfa), the crystallization kinetics, grain sizes, and crystal defect of Cs‐, methylammonium‐, and formamidinium‐based perovskite materials can be to effectively controlled through a nucleation and growth process for the preparation of perovskite crystals. Crystalline‐state tuning during the crystallization process to obtain better quality perovskite thin films can be achieved with no additional operation, which is suitable for the needs of modern industrial production and management. The chelating agent can effectively passivate the defects in perovskite films, leading to a low defect density and a long charge carrier lifetime. As a result, the ttfa‐passivated perovskite solar cell demonstrated a high power conversion efficiency of 19.70 % with superior stability retention of 64 % of the initial power conversion efficiency after two weeks unencapsulated storage in an adverse atmosphere with approximately 50 % relative humidity.
Alternate Restacking of 2 D CoNi Hydroxide and Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Energetic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Jia Lulu , Wan Hao , Liu Xiaohe , Chen Gen , Zhang Ning , Li Junhui , Zhou Wei , Cao Yijun , Ma Renzhi , Qiu Guanzhou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMorphology and composition tuning of layered materials is evaluated to influence their electrochemical performance for energy storage and conversion applications. Layered Co1−xNix hydroxides (x=0, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1) of three different morphologies—nanocones, 2 D nanosheets obtained by the rapid exfoliation of nanoconical counterparts, and 2 D superlattice‐like nanostructures alternately restacked by the oppositely charged hydroxide and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets—have been systematically investigated for electrocatalytic oxygen oxidation. High activity is obtained with the 2 D Co2/3Ni1/3 hydroxide nanosheets/GO superlattice (Co2/3Ni1/3NS–GO), achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 259 mV accompanied by a small Tafel slope of 35.7 mV dec−1, surpassing nanocones and 2 D nanosheets, as well as the congeneric heterostructured Co1−xNix hydroxide nanosheets/GO nanoarchitectures (Co1−xNixNS–GO; x=0, 1/2, 1/4, 1) and the commercial RuO2 electrocatalyst. The outstanding activity of Co2/3Ni1/3NS–GO superlattice uncovers the combined merits of 2 D superlattice‐like structure and composition optimization for electrocatalysis, providing a strategy for developing high‐performance electrochemical materials by rational morphology and composition design.
CD20‐positive primary nasal peripheral T‐cell lymphoma: An analysis of one case and review of the literature
Authors: Li Yan‐Li , Wang Hui‐Ping , Zhang Cui , Zhai Zhi‐Min 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCD20‐positive T‐cell lymphoma (TCL) is a very rare disease entity that is associated with the co‐expressions of a range of T cell lineage makers, such as, CD2, CD3, CD5, or CD7, and CD20. The biological and clinical significance of CD20 antigen expressed in TCL has been unclear. Here, we are reporting an unusual case of CD20‐positive primary nasal peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS) in a 62‐year‐old female with both peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) involvement. Flow cytometry (FC) analysis revealed CD20+ lymphoma cells in PB, BM, and lymph node (LN) and was consistent with pathological findings. FC immunophenotyping was proved of great diagnostic contribution.
Estimating carrying capacity and stocking rates of rangelands in Harshin District, Eastern Somali Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Meshesha Derege Tsegaye , Moahmmed Muhyadin , Yosuf Dahir 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe conducted a quantitative assessment of forage biomass in Harshin district to determine its annual productive potential, carrying capacity, and stocking rates. The dominant Land Use and Land Cover include woodland (35.5%), shrubs (28.3%), grassland (10.6%), and bare land (25.5%). The region has browse‐rich shrubland that is edible to dromedary and goats, as well as massive grassland plains for sheep and cattle. The interannual rainfall variation is 16.5% which implies that the rangeland is a subsistence equilibrium system. The range of forage production is between 105 and 2,310 kg/ha, whereas the average productivity of the district is 742.6 kg/ha. The result indicates that the average carrying capacity of the district is 0.3 TLU ha−1 year−1 (4.9 ha TLU−1 year−1) while the existing stocking rate is 5.4 TLU ha−1 year−1 (0.18 ha TLU−1 year−1). This implies that the grazing intensity in the district is much higher than its carrying capacity (recommended rate), which has seen overstocking or grazing pressure excesses of 5.1 TLU/ha (7.2 cattle/ha). Thus, it clearly signals the risk of overgrazing in the district. If this trend continues, the grazing will not be sustainable and there will be shortage of forage as well as expansion of land degradation (due to overgrazing) in the near future.
Food quantity–quality interactions and their impact on consumer behavior and trophic transfer
Authors: Burian Alfred , Nielsen Jens M. , Winder Monika 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFood quantity–quality interactions determine growth rates and reproductive success of consumers and thereby regulate community dynamics and food web structure. Predator–prey models that shape our conceptual understanding of foraging ecology typically rely on the parametrization of fixed consumer responses to either food quantity or food quality. In nature, however, consumers optimize their fitness by responding simultaneously to changes in food quantity and quality. Therefore, we assessed consumer responses to changing food environments using a new fitness optimization model that accounted for food quality–quantity interactions to better capture the regulatory flexibility of consumers. Our simulations demonstrated that the impact of food quality on important consumer traits can be altered or even reversed by changes in food quality. Low food quality, for example, affected feeding rates negatively at low food concentrations but triggered surplus feeding at high food concentrations. The scope of surplus feeding was thereby mainly dependent on dynamics of nutrient digestion and in contrast to previous assumptions, energy costs of feeding played a minor role. Further, the regulation of digestive enzyme production, a crucial factor determining assimilation efficiencies, was strongly dependent on whether nonessential or essential nutrients were limiting growth. Consequently, not only the degree but also the type of nutrient limitation mediated the impact of the food environment on consumers’ fitness. At the community level, food quality was key in shaping predator–prey biomass ratios. High food qualities resulted in top‐heavy systems with larger consumer than prey biomass. Decreases of prey digestibility or the availability of essential nutrients, however, triggered a switch from inverted to classical pyramid shapes of bi‐trophic systems. The impact of food quantity on trophic transfer and emerging structural ecosystem properties thus critically hinges on behavioral and physiological responses of consumers. The inclusion of the regulatory flexibility of consumers is therefore an essential next step to improve predator–prey models and our conceptual understanding of trophic interactions.
Comparing the facets of the big two in global evaluation of self versus other people
Authors: Abele Andrea E. , Hauke Nicole 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Big Two of agency and communion can be divided into the facets of agency‐assertiveness, agency‐competence, communion‐morality, and communion‐warmth. The present research studies how these facets are related to global evaluation of self versus others. In five studies we tested whether self‐evaluation is reliably related to agency‐assertiveness (H1), and evaluation of others to communion‐morality (H2). Participants had to describe themselves (or a specific other person) on the facets and later to rate their self‐evaluation (or other‐evaluation). Supporting hypotheses, Studies 1, 3, and 4 showed that agency‐assertiveness was reliably related to self‐evaluation (Study 4: also agency‐competence). Studies 2–5 showed that communion‐morality was reliably related to evaluation of an acquaintance, but agency‐competence (Studies 3 and 5) and communion‐warmth (Study 2) were also important. We conclude that supporting H1, agency‐assertiveness is particularly important for self‐evaluation, whereas partly supporting H2, evaluation of others is associated with communion‐morality, but also agency‐competence and communion‐warmth.
Urea Biosensor Based on Electrochromic Properties of Prussian Blue
Authors: Valiūnienė Aušra , Virbickas Povilas , Medvikytė Giedrė , Ramanavičius Arūnas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrussian blue (PB) is an electrochromic material, which can be used as a signal transducer in the formation of optical urea biosensors. The previous researches in electrochromic properties of PB demonstrated the optical PB response to ammonium ions, which occurs when ammonium ions are interacting with PB layer at a constant 0.2 V vs Ag|AgCl|KClsat potential. In this work PB optical dependence on ammonium ions concentration was applied in the formation of electrochromic urea biosensor. Biosensor was formed by modifying the optically transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass electrode (glass/ITO) with Prussian blue layer and immobilizing urease (glass/ITO/PB‐urease). Calibration curve showed the linear dependency (R2=0.995) between the change of maximal absorbance (ΔA) and urea concentration in concentration range varying from 3 mM to 30 mM. The highest sensitivity (4 ΔA M−1) of glass/ITO/PB‐urease biosensor is in the concentration range from 7 mM to 30 mM. It was determined that working principle of the glass/ITO/PB‐urease biosensor is not related to pH changes occurring during enzymatic hydrolysis of urea.
Development of Reasonably Stable Chitosan Based Proton Exchange Membranes for a Glucose Oxidase Based Enzymatic Biofuel Cell
Authors: Bahar Tahsin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChitosan based reasonably stable membranes were prepared as polymeric electrolyte and separator for enzymatic fuel cell applications. Glucose oxidase (GOx) bioanode centered biofuel cell with the developed chitosan membranes performed much better in stability with high current densities than that of the biofuel cell utilizing a 125 μ‐thick perfluorosulfonic acid‐type membrane (i. e. Nafion® 115). Proposed chitosan membrane structural stability was enhanced by employing cellulosic support materials and chemical crosslinking. The effects of pH, buffer type, buffer concentration, temperature on the manufactured chitosan membranes along with the biofuel cell system were investigated. The biofuel cell operation parameters were optimized for the current density and stability aspects and more than 3 mA cm−2 current density was acquired from the cell at optimum conditions. Operational half‐life of the chitosan membrane was found as higher than the half‐life of the GOx immobilized bioanode. Therefore, this result indicates that chitosan membrane structural stability was not a limiting issue for the biofuel cell lifespan.