bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large scale analysis of violent death count in daily newspapers to quantify bias and censorship
Authors: Casolino Marco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work we develop a series of techniques and tools to determine and quantify the presence of bias and censorship in newspapers. These algorithms are tested analyzing the occurrence of keywords ‘killed’ and ‘suicide’ (‘morti’’, ‘suicidio’ in Italian) and their changes over time, gender and reported location on the complete online archives (42 million records) of the major US newspaper (The New York Times) and the three major Italian ones (Il Corriere della Sera, La Repubblica, La Stampa). Using these tools, since the Italian language distinguishes between the female and male cases, we find the presence of gender bias in all Italian newspapers, with reported single female deaths to be about one-third of those involving single men. Analyzing the historical trends, we show evidence of censorship in Italian newspapers both during World War 1 and during the Italian Fascist regime. Censorship in all countries during World Wars and in Italy during the Fascist period is a historically ascertained fact, but so far there was no estimate on the amount on censorship in newspaper reporting: in this work we estimate that about 75% of domestic deaths and suicides were not reported. This is also confirmed by statistical analysis of the distribution of the least significant digit of the number of reported deaths. We also find that the distribution function of the number of articles vs. the number of deaths reported in articles follows a power law, which is broken (with fewer articles being written) when reporting on few deaths occurring in foreign countries. The lack of articles is found to grow with geographical distance from the nation where the newspaper is being printed. Whereas the assessment of the truth of a single article or the debunking of what are now called ‘fake news’ requires specific fact-checking and becomes more difficult as time goes by, these methods can be used in historical analysis and to evaluate quantitatively the amount of bias and censorship present in other printed or online publication and can thus contribute to quantitatively assess the freedom of the press in a given country. Furthermore, they can be applied in wider contexts such as the evaluation of bias toward specific ethnic groups or specific accidents.
Occupational status, working conditions, and health: evidence from the 2012 China Labor Force Dynamics Survey
Authors: Qi Yaqiang , Liang Tongxin , Ye Hua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between occupational status and health inequality in the working population by analyzing data from the 2012 China Labor Force Dynamics Survey. The results show that individual health varies substantially by occupational status, including self-assessed health, work-related injury, and self-reported occupational disease. Low occupational status is associated with poorer self-assessed health and increased incidences of work-related injuries, while people with the high occupational status report more occupational diseases. Further analysis indicates that working condition is the main mediator between occupational status and individual health. Based on the results from the Karlson–Holm–Breen decomposition, the disparities in working conditions, including working overtime, environmental and occupational hazards, job demand and control, and perceived rewards, account for approximately half of the effects of occupation status on individual health.
Inability to obtain sperm for fresh IVF cycles: analysis and incidence of outcomes using a database from the United States
Authors: Berger Alexandra Joice , Raup Valary , Abou Ghayda Ramy , Lanes Andrea , Kathrins Martin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Azoospermia is present in 10% of men presenting with infertility and surgical sperm retrieval rates for men with azoospermia due to spermatogenic dysfunction remain low. We investigated the incidence of failed fresh IVF cycles due to inability to obtain sperm and describe predictors for subsequent IVF.

Methods
A national IVF database was used to identify fresh IVF cycles in which there was failure to obtain sperm. Patient linkage was utilized to determine outcomes of subsequent IVF.

Results
243,291 fresh IVF cycles were identified; 719 (0.3%) listed “inability to obtain sperm” as reason for embryo non-transfer. Male infertility was a factor in 537 (75%) and ejaculation was the most common anticipated sperm source (414, 57%). 713 (99.2%) cycles resulted in retrieved oocytes, but only 627 (87.2%) cryopreserved oocytes. 265 (37%) of couples underwent subsequent IVF. On multivariable analysis, lack of initial oocyte cryopreservation (OR 0.34, p = 0.01) and male infertility (OR 0.14, p = 0.01) were associated with having no subsequent cycles. Partner sperm was used in 213 (80%) second cycles and sperm retrieval method was largely conserved (181/213, 85%). Embryos were transferred in 186 (70%) second cycles. Failed embryo transfers were due to repeat inability to obtain sperm in 5 (6%) cycles.

Conclusions
Failure to obtain sperm during fresh IVF is rare, but most affected couples will not pursue further cycles of IVF after their initial failed attempt.
Extremely rare case of H-type gallbladder duplication coexistent with carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Furuhashi Takashi , Abe Toshihiko , Sakata Koichiro , Noda Mayaka , Fuchikami Tadafumi , Ishikawa Nobuhisa , Fujito Hiroyuki , Onari Norihiro , Hamada Tetsuo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Multiple gallbladders represent a rare congenital disorder, and coexistence with carcinoma is extremely rare, leading to a high possibility of misdiagnosis and surgical complications. In this study, a case was reported and the literature was reviewed.

Case presentation
An 80-year-old woman was diagnosed with acute cholecystitis via ultrasonography and was successfully treated with antibiotics. After the patient’s biliary colic relapsed, she was referred to our hospital. Multiple imaging modalities revealed duplication of her gallbladder (H-type) and suggested coexistence with carcinoma. According to preoperative evaluations, we assumed the patient had stage IIIA disease, and cholecystectomy, cholangiography using a near-infrared ray vision system, and sectionectomy of segments 4a and 5 were performed. Contrary to the high standardized uptake values obtained by 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography, gallbladder carcinoma was pathologically diagnosed as stage 0 mucosal cancer. Seven days after the operation, portal thrombosis of the posterior branch was revealed, and conservative therapy was indicated; satisfactory results were achieved. The patient was discharged 65 days after surgery. No recurrence was observed for 1 year after surgery.

Conclusions
An extremely rare case of malignancy in a duplicated gallbladder was reported, and the literature was reviewed. Accurate estimations are feasible for diagnoses of multiple gallbladders, where correct evaluations are vital, especially in malignant cases. Because of the possibility of malignancy, resected accessory gallbladders should be scrutinized pathologically.
Family planning practices of women working in the Cambodian garment industry: a qualitative study
Authors: Masuda Chisato , Oreglia Elisa , Ly Sokhey , McLaren Megan , Free Caroline , Tijamo Camille , Ou Amra , van Velthoven Michelle Helena , Williamson Amy , Smith Chris 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWomen working in Cambodian garment factories have unmet needs for family planning (contraception and safe abortion) services, because of their background and living conditions. This study describes their experiences regarding abortion and contraception as part of a larger project to develop an intervention to support comprehensive post-abortion care.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with women seeking abortion services at private health facilities. In addition, we interviewed the private providers of abortion and contraception services surrounding garment factories. Interviews lasted up to 60 min and were conducted in Khmer and later translated into English. A thematic analysis was undertaken, with medical abortion experiences coded according to the Cambodia comprehensive abortion care protocol.ResultsWe interviewed 16 women and 13 providers between August and November 2018. Most women reported being married and had at least one child. Among factory workers the major reported reasons for abortion were birth spacing and financial constraints. Family, friends, or co-workers were the major information resources regarding abortion and contraception, and their positive or negative experiences strongly influenced women’s attitude towards both. Medical abortion pills were not always provided with adequate instructions. Half of the participants had a manual vacuum aspiration procedure performed after medical abortion. While women knew the side effects of medical abortion, many did not know the adverse warning signs and the signs of abortion completion. Only three women started post abortion family planning, as most of the women expressed fear and hesitation due to concerns about side effects of modern contraception. Fear of infertility was particularly reported among young women without children.ConclusionThis research shows that in this setting not all women are receiving comprehensive abortion care and contraceptive counselling. Provision of accurate and adequate information about abortion methods and modern contraception was the dominant shortfall in abortion care. Future work to address this gap could involve the development of appropriate interventions and informative tools for women in the Cambodian garment industry such as through existing client contact-centres or social media, including creation of videos or posts on topics that come from clients questions.
Different selection processes, different outcomes? Comparing labor market integration of asylum refugees, resettled refugees and their reunited family members in Finland
Authors: Tervola Jussi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study compares the longitudinal dynamics of labor market integration between asylum refugees, resettled refugees and their reunited family members. The labor market integration of the three refugee groups are compared by using unique longitudinal register data of total refugee population in Finland during 2003–2015. The results show that among males, family reunion migrants integrate faster than asylum refugees and resettled refugees. Contrary to the previous results from Nordic countries, among females, resettled refugees integrate the fastest and family reunion migrants demonstrate the slowest integration. The overall small differences between admission categories are for the large part explained by discrepancies in observed factors such as fertility patterns among females and arrival during recession among males.
Ultrasound-assisted intrathecal injection of nusinersen in a patient with severe vertebral deformity: a case report
Authors: Nagano Takashi , Sakura Shinichi , Imamachi Noritaka , Saito Yoji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a mostly autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness from anterior horn degeneration. Nusinersen has recently been approved as a disease-modifying drug for SMA that needs to be administered intrathecally. Its injection is often associated with extreme difficulty since patients with SMA have severe vertebral deformity and may be with vertebral instrumentation.Case descriptionA 21-year-old female with type 2 SMA and spinal deformity underwent a series of intrathecal injections of nusinersen. The intrathecal injections have been safely and successfully done by using computed tomography imaging and ultrasonography-assisted technique.ConclusionThis the first report in which ultrasound-assisted technique has been used for the injection of nusinersen through a lumbar puncture in patients with severe spinal deformity. Use of preprocedural ultrasound imaging is highly recommended for treatments that repeatedly require intrathecal access.
Refractory ventricular arrhythmias during aortic valve replacement and cardiac artery bypass requiring 16 attempts of electrical cardioversion: a case report
Authors: Kodaka Mitsuharu , Mori Tetsu , Ichikawa Junko , Ando Kazuyoshi , Komori Makiko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
We report a patient in whom we failed to suppress ventricular fibrillation (VF) using nifekalant but succeeded using amiodarone during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Case presentation
A 65-year-old male with hemodialysis complained of dyspnea and was diagnosed with aortic valve stenosis and angina pectoris; he was opted for elective aortic valve replacement. When the aortic forceps were declamped during CPB, immediate VF was observed; several attempts of electrical cardioversion (EC) with lidocaine and landiolol and three administrations of nifekalant were temporarily effective. However, the rhythm subsequently changed to torsades de pointes. We administered 2 g of magnesium sulfate followed by three doses of amiodarone and initiated continuous infusion. Furthermore, we initiated the pacemaker and intra-aortic balloon pumping. These procedures seemed to be effective; the sinus rhythm was sustained until the end of the surgery.

Conclusion
We experienced a cardiac surgery requiring 16 EC attempts to terminate the life-threatening arrhythmias using amiodarone.
Larval feeding capacity and pollination efficiency of the aphidophagous syrphids, Eupeodes frequens (Matsmura) and Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer) (Diptera: Syrphidae) on the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on mustard crop
Authors: Singh Paramveer , Thakur Meena , Sharma Karishan Chander , Sharma Harish Kumar , Nayak Rohit Kumar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present investigation was carried out on in vitro mass multiplication, larval feeding capacity, and pollination efficiency of two aphidophagous syrphidsviz.,Eupeodes frequens(Matsmura) andEpisyrphus balteatus(De Geer) (Diptera: Syrphidae) on cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicaeL.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on mustard crop under mid hill conditions. The results revealed that the incubation, larval, and pupal periods were 3.5, 12.4, and 11.9 days, respectively forE. frequensand 3.8, 13.7, and 8.8 days, forE. balteatus. Longevity of male and female was 15.2 and 17.6 days forE. frequensand 10.6 and 12.6 days forE. balteatus, respectively. When the adults were fed on different diets, adult longevity and fecundity recorded significantly maximum on 10% honey solution + fresh pollen grains.E. frequensconsumed an average of 261.7 individuals of cabbage aphids per larva during total larval period, whereas the larva ofE. balteatusconsumed 393.6 cabbage aphids. The pollination efficiency of hoverflies on Indian mustard (Brassica junceaL.) was studied under caged conditions. It was observed that the plants pollinated byE. balteatusandE. frequensshowed 55.12 and 52.97% seed set. Among the different diets, fresh pollen grains + 10% honey solutions recorded to be the best diet for mass rearing of syrphids.
Study of serum pentraxin 3 level in patients with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Dawood Alaaeldin Abdelsalam , Kamel Mai Ashraf , Omar Thoria Ahmed , Agaba Ahmed Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a member of a superfamily of conserved proteins called pentraxins. PTX3 and C-reactive protein (CRP) are members of this family and play an important role in the innate immune system. PTX3 is classified as a long pentraxin, while CRP is a short pentraxin. PTX3 is reported to be a vascular inflammatory marker providing prognostic information of vasculopathy, such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between serum PTX3 concentrations and the development and/or progression of DN. A total number of 66 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 22 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Patients with T2DM were divided, according to the levels of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), into three groups: normoalbuminuric, microalbuminuric, and macroalbuminuric groups. Serum PTX3 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations were determined using ELISA kits.

Results
Serum PTX3 and hs-CRP concentrations were significantly higher in patients with T2DM compared with the controls. Furthermore, serum PTX3 concentrations were significantly higher in macroalbuminuric patients than in microalbuminuric patients (P < 0.001) and also were significantly higher in microalbuminuric patients than in normoalbuminuric patients (P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences between controls and T2DM patients with normoalbuminuria regarding serum PTX3 concentrations (P > 0.05). Moreover, like PTX3, hs-CRP concentrations were higher in microalbuminuric patients than in normoalbuminuric patients (P < 0.05), and also, there were no significant differences between controls and T2DM patients with normoalbuminuria regarding hs-CRP concentrations (P > 0.05). But, unlike PTX3, there were no significant differences between macroalbuminuric and microalbuminuric patients regarding hs-CRP concentrations (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Serum PTX3 is positively associated with DN development and progression, and may be a more accurate predictor of DN development than hs-CRP as it can discriminate between macroalbuminuric and microalbuminuric DN patients, while hs-CRP cannot.
Genesis of Quality Measurements to Improve the Care Delivered to Patients With Brain Metastases
Authors: Silvestre Julio , Gosse Tracey , Read Paul , Gentzler Ryan , Purow Benjamin , Asthagiri Ashok , Gaughan Elizabeth , Dillon Patrick M. , Larner James M. , Anderson Roger T. , Sheehan Jason P. , Fadul Camilo E. 
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE: High-value and high-quality health care requires outcome measurements to inform treatment decisions, but, to our knowledge, no standardized measurements exist to evaluate brain metastases (BMs) care. We propose a set of measurements and report on their implementation in the care of patients with BMs. METHODS: On the basis of a stakeholders’ needs assessment and review of the literature, we identified outcome and process measurements to assess the care of patients with BMs according to treatment modality. Retrospectively, we applied these indicators of care to all patients diagnosed and treated at our institution over 2 years. RESULTS: We ascertained 5 outcome and 6 process measurements of relevance in the care of BMs. When applied to 209 patients (89.7%) who received cancer treatment, 77% were alive > 90 days after diagnosis. The proportion alive at 90 days after surgery, whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was 82%, 59%, and 81%, respectively. Other performance measurements included 30-day postoperative readmission rate (6%), SRS within 30 days of surgery (79%), use of memantine with WBRT (41%), advance directives within 6 months of diagnosis (53%), and palliative care consultation for patients with poor prognosis or receiving WBRT (45%). Measurements for the 24 patients (10.3%) receiving best supportive care were advance directives documentation (67%) and referral to palliative or hospice care (83%). CONCLUSION: We propose a set of measurements to apprise quality improvement efforts, inform treatment decision-making, and to use in evaluation of the performance of interdisciplinary BMs programs. Their refinement can potentially enhance the quality and value of care delivered to patients with BMs.
Laparoscopic Gastric Resection for Gastric Cancer: Is Intracorporeal Anastomosis Necessary?
Authors: Ersen Ogun , Ünal Ali Ekrem , Yüksel Cemil , Çulcu Serdar , Başçeken Salim İlksen , Mercan Ümit , Demirci Salim 
Published: August 2020

Background and Objective: In surgical dissection, laparoscopic approach and open techniques do not differ significantly, but there is still no consensus on how anastomosis should be performed in both cardia and distal gastric tumors. Anastomosis can be performed by laparoscopy-assisted mini-laparotomy or by intracorporeal suture techniques. In this study, we aim to present our four years of clinical experience and short-term surgical results from 133 cases in order to evaluate the necessity of laparoscopic anastomosis.
Methods: This study was approved by Ethics Committee (No: 1-8-19, date: 14/01/2019). Patients who underwent curative resection with the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma between January 2014 and January 2018 in the Ankara University Surgical Oncology Department were included in the study.
Results: Of the 133 patients included in the study, 108 (81.2) were male and the mean age was 60.51 ± 12.0 years. The time of anastomosis was significantly longer in patients undergoing intracorporeal anastomosis (p = 0.021). The incidence of anastomotic leakage was significantly higher in the group undergoing intracorporeal anastomosis (p = 0.004).
Conclusions: We think that esophagojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy anastomoses in patients undergoing total gastrectomy should be performed with intracorporeal techniques in terms of benefit risk assessment. We believe that it is more feasible to continue the case with mini laparotomy when anastomosis is reached in patients who are planned to have gastrojejunostomy. In addition, in terms of intracorporeal anastomoses and advanced laparoscopic techniques, intracorporeal anastomoses performed in gastric cancer surgery for a laparoscopist who has completed the learning curve do not appear to be very different in terms of anastomosis safety.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.1915
How to cite this:Ogun E, Ekrem UA, Yuksel C, Serdar C, Basceken SI, Umit M, et al. Laparoscopic Gastric Resection for Gastric Cancer: Is Intracorporeal Anastomosis Necessary? Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1177-1182. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.1915
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Affective rating of audio and video clips using the EmojiGrid
Authors: Toet Alexander , van Erp Jan B. F. 
Published: August 2020

Background: In this study we measured the affective appraisal of sounds and video clips using a newly developed graphical self-report tool: the EmojiGrid. The EmojiGrid is a square grid, labeled with emoji that express different degrees of valence and arousal. Users rate the valence and arousal of a given stimulus by simply clicking on the grid. Methods: In Experiment I, observers (N=150, 74 males, mean age=25.2±3.5) used the EmojiGrid to rate their affective appraisal of 77 validated sound clips from nine different semantic categories, covering a large area of the affective space. In Experiment II, observers (N=60, 32 males, mean age=24.5±3.3) used the EmojiGrid to rate their affective appraisal of 50 validated film fragments varying in positive and negative affect (20 positive, 20 negative, 10 neutral). Results: The results of this study show that for both sound and video, the agreement between the mean ratings obtained with the EmojiGrid and those obtained with an alternative and validated affective rating tool in previous studies in the literature, is excellent for valence and good for arousal. Our results also show the typical universal U-shaped relation between mean valence and arousal that is commonly observed for affective sensory stimuli, both for sound and video. Conclusions: We conclude that the EmojiGrid can be used as an affective self-report tool for the assessment of sound and video-evoked emotions.