bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of arthropod pests associated with Brassica carinata and impact of defoliation on yield
Authors: Baldwin Jessica M. , Paula‐Moraes Silvana V. , Mulvaney Michael J. , Meagher Robert L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBrassica carinata has the potential to become an economical biofuel winter crop in the Southeast U.S. An IPM program is needed to provide management recommendations for B. carinata in the region. This study serves as the first steps in the developing IPM tactics documenting pest occurrence, pest position within the canopy, and the impact of defoliation on B. carinata yield. The study was performed in Jay, FL, during the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 winter/spring crop seasons. Pest species in B. carinata were documented by plant inspection within 16 genotypes of B. carinata, and the presence of insect pests in three canopy zones (upper, medium, and lower canopy) was documented. The defoliation impact on B. carinata was evaluated by artificial defoliation. Five levels of defoliation (2017–2018 crop season: 0%, 5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%; 2018–2019 crop season: 0%, 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100%) were artificially applied during vegetative, flowering, and pod formation stages of the commercial cultivar “Avanza64.” During the 2018–2019 crop season, two experiments were performed, a one‐time defoliation event and continuous defoliation. The plants were hand harvested and the average number of pods per plants, seeds per pod, thousand seed weight, and yield were estimated and correlated with defoliation levels. Results indicated the following species of pests associated with B. carinata: Microtheca ochroloma Stål (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Plutela xylostella larvae, Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), Diabrotica undecimpunctata Barber (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Lipaphis pseudobrassicae Davis (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Leptoglossus phyllopus L. (Hemiptera: Coreidae), and Chloridea virescens F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The insect distribution within the plant canopy was not uniform. Different levels of artificial B. carinata defoliation did not affect seed weight, the number of seeds per pod, or the oil content of the seeds. The number of pods per plants and estimated yield were negatively impacted by defoliation during the vegetative and flowering stages.
Report of the 21st Nationwide Follow‐up Survey of Primary Liver Cancer in Japan (2010–2011)
Authors: Kudo Masatoshi , Izumi Namiki , Kokudo Norihiro , Sakamoto Michiie , Shiina Shuichiro , Takayama Tadatoshi , Tateishi Ryosuke , Nakashima Osamu , Murakami Takamichi , Matsuyama Yutaka , Takahashi Arata , Miyata Hiroaki , Kubo Shoji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the 21st Nationwide Follow‐up Survey of Primary Liver Cancer in Japan, data from 22,134 new patients and 41,956 previously followed patients were compiled from 546 institutions over a 2‐year period from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2011. Basic statistics compiled for patients newly registered in the 21st survey were cause of death, medical history, clinical diagnosis, imaging diagnosis, treatment‐related factors, pathological diagnosis, recurrence status, and autopsy findings. Compared with the previous 20th survey, the population of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was older at the time of clinical diagnosis, had more female patients, had more patients with non‐B non‐C HCC, had smaller tumor diameter, and was more frequently treated with hepatectomy and with radiofrequency ablation. Cumulative survival rates were calculated for HCC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (combined HCC and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma) by treatment type and background characteristics for patients newly registered between 1998 and 2011 whose final outcome was survival or death (excluding unknown). Cumulative survival rates for HCC were calculated by dividing patients by combinations of background factors (number of tumors, tumor diameter, and Child–Pugh grade) and by treatment type (hepatectomy, local ablation therapy, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy). The same values were also calculated according to registration date by dividing patients newly registered between 1978 and 2011 into four time‐period groups. The data obtained from this nationwide follow‐up survey are expected to contribute to advancing clinical research and treatment of primary liver cancer.
Head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma with TFCP2 fusions and ALK overexpression: a clinicopathological and molecular analysis of 11 cases
Authors: Xu Bin , Suurmeijer Albert J H , Agaram Narasimhan P , Zhang Lei , Antonescu Cristina R 
Published: December 2020

AimsPrimary intraosseous rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare entity defined by EWSR1/FUS–TFCP2 or, less commonly, MEIS1–NCOA2 fusions. The lesions often show a hybrid spindle and epithelioid phenotype, frequently coexpress myogenic markers, ALK, and cytokeratin, and show a striking propensity for the pelvic and craniofacial bones. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological and molecular features of 11 head and neck RMSs (HNRMSs) characterised by the genetic alterations described in intraosseous RMS.Methods and resultsThe molecular abnormalities were analysed with fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation and/or targeted RNA/DNA sequencing. Seven cases had FUS–TFCP2 fusions, four had EWSR1–TFCP2 fusions, and none had MEIS1–NCOA2 fusions. All except one case were intraosseous, affecting the mandible (n = 4), maxilla (n = 3), and skull (n = 3). One case occurred in the superficial soft tissue of the neck. The median age was 29 years (range, 16–74 years), with an equal sex distribution. All tumours showed mixed epithelioid and spindle morphology. Immunohistochemical coexpression of desmin, myogenin, MyoD1, ALK, and cytokeratin was seen in most cases. An intragenic ALK deletion was seen in 43% of cases. Regional and distant spread were seen in three and four patients, respectively. Two patients died of their disease.ConclusionsWe herein present the largest series of HNRMSs with TFCP2 fusions to date. The findings show a strong predilection for the skeleton in young adults, although we also report an extraosseous case. The tumours are characterised by a distinctive spindle and epithelioid phenotype and a peculiar immunoprofile, with coexpression of myogenic markers, epithelial markers, and ALK. They are associated with a poor prognosis, including regional or distant spread and disease‐related death.
Infants’ abilities to respond to cues for joint attention vary by family socioeconomic status
Authors: Reilly Emily B. , Stallworthy Isabella C. , Mliner Shanna B. , Troy Michael F. , Elison Jed T. , Gunnar Megan R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe influence of socioeconomic variability on language and cognitive development is present from toddlerhood to adolescence and calls for investigating its earliest manifestation. Response to joint attention (RJA) abilities constitute a foundational developmental milestone that are associated with future language, cognitive, and social skills. How aspects of the family home environment shape RJA skills is relatively unknown. We investigated associations between family socioeconomic status (SES) —both parent education and family percentage of the federal poverty level (FPL)— parent depressive and anxiety symptoms and infant RJA performance in a cross‐sectional sample of 173 infants aged 8–18 months and their parents from a variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Results suggest that, correcting for age and receptive language, infants in families with greater economic resources respond to relatively less redundant, more sophisticated cues for joint attention. Although parent depressive and anxiety symptoms are negatively correlated with SES, parent depressive and anxiety symptoms were not associated with infant RJA. These findings provide evidence of SES‐related differences in social cognitive development as early as infancy, calling on policymakers to address the inequities in the current socioeconomic landscape of the United States.
Densities of liquid lanthanoid sesquioxides measured with the electrostatic levitation furnace in the ISS
Authors: Koyama Chihiro , Ishikawa Takehiko , Oda Hirohisa , Saruwatari Hideki , Ueno Saeko , Oshio Masato , Watanabe Yuki , Nakata Yui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe densities of several liquid lanthanoid sesquioxides (Ln2O3, Ln = Er, Ho, Tb, Gd) were measured over the temperature range from 2700 K (the approximate melting point of these materials) to 3200 K. These measurements were performed using the Electrostatic Levitation Furnace onboard the International Space Station (ISS‐ELF). Based on the Coulomb force between the charged samples and surrounding electrodes and employing a rapid feedback control process, specimens were stably levitated and subsequently melted by high power lasers. The molten oxides exhibited spherical morphologies and their volumes were readily calculated from magnified images. Subsequent weighing of the samples on Earth allowed the densities of the oxides to be determined. The densities of Er2O3, Ho2O3, Tb2O3, and Gd2O3 at their melting temperatures (Tm) were found to be 8170, 8035, 7451, and 7268 kg/m3, respectively, and these density values were shown to exhibit a linear correlation with temperature. The molar volumes of these oxides at their Tm values were calculated and compared with those of other sesquioxides (Al2O3, Ga2O3, and B2O3). The molar volumes of the nonglass‐forming sesquioxides (Er2O3, Ho2O3, Tb2O3, Gd2O3, Al2O3, and Ga2O3) showed linear correlations with the cubes of their cation radii, whereas those of the glass‐forming oxide (B2O3, As2O3, and Sb2O3) showed different correlations.
HPSD ablation for AF high‐power short‐duration RF ablation for atrial fibrillation: A review
Authors: Winkle Roger A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis manuscript reviews the literature for all in silico, ex vivo, in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies of high‐power short‐duration (HPSD) radiofrequency (RF) ablations. It reviews the biophysics of RF energy delivery applicable to HPSD and the use of surrogate endpoints to guide the duration of HPSD ablations. In silico modeling shows that a variety of settings in power, contact force and RF duration can result in the same surrogate endpoint value of ablation index and several HPSD combinations produce lesion volumes similar to a low‐power long‐duration (LPLD) RF application. HPSD lesions are broader with more endocardial effect and are slightly shallower but still transmural. The first 10 s of RF application is most important for lesion formation with diminishing effect beyond 20 s. The ideal contact force is 10–20 g with only a small effect beyond 30 g. In vitro and in vivo models confirm that HPSD makes transmural lesions that are often broader and shallower, and with proper settings, result in fewer steam pops than LPLD. One randomized trial shows better outcomes with HPSD and validates lesion size index as a surrogate endpoint. Clinical studies of HPSD using comparator groups of LPLD ablations uniformly show shorter procedure times and shorter total RF energy delivery for HPSD. HPSD generally has a higher first pass vein isolation rate and a lower acute vein reconnection rate than LPLD. Although not dramatically different from LPLD, long‐term freedom from atrial fibrillation and complication rates seem slightly better with HPSD.
Identification of biomarker panels as predictors of severity in coronary artery disease
Authors: Ben Braiek Assia , Chahed Hinda , Dumont Florent , Abdelhak Fodha , Hichem Denguir , Gamra Habib , Baudin Bruno 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in atherosclerotic plaque rupture and recondition. Specific tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) control MMP functions. Both MMPs and TIMPs are potential biomarkers of plaque instability. Elevated Apo‐CII and CIII and Apo‐E levels are recognized as cardiovascular disease risk factors. We aimed to establish the best blood biomarker panel to evaluate the coronary artery disease (CAD) severity. Plasma levels of MMP‐3 and MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2, Apo‐CII, Apo‐CIII and Apo‐E were measured in 472 patients with CAD evaluated by coronary angiography and electrocardiography, and in 285 healthy controls. MMP‐3 and MMP‐9 plasma levels in CAD patients were significantly increased (P < 0.001) compared to controls (3.54‐ and 3.81‐fold, respectively). Furthermore, these increments are modulated by CAD severity as well as for Apo‐CII and Apo‐CIII levels (P < 0.001). TIMPs levels were decreased in CAD versus controls (P < 0.001) and in inverse correlation to MMPs. Standard ROC curve approach showed the importance of panels of biomarkers, including MMP‐3, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, TIMP‐2, Apo‐CII and Apo‐CIII, for disease aggravation diagnosis. A high area under curve (AUC) value (0.995) was reached for the association of MMP‐9, TIMP‐2 and Apo‐CIII. The unbalance between MMPs and TIMPs in vascular wall and dyslipidaemia creates favourable conditions for plaque disruption. Our study suggests that the combination of MMP‐9, TIMP‐2 and Apo‐CIII values (‘CAD aggravation panel’) characterizes the severity of CAD, that is electrophysiological state, number of involved vessels, stent disposal and type of stent.
Leverage target and payout policy
Authors: Azim Khan Sharier 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDepending on whether the existing debt is below or above target debt level, some firms are more willing to raise debt (if needed) than others. In this article, I show that firms are more likely to both increase and smooth dividends when they have below‐target debt after controlling for access to debt. Additionally, I show that when firms have below‐target debt, they use a greater fraction of proceeds from net debt issues to finance dividends. I obtain similar results when repeating the tests with total payouts (dividends plus repurchases) instead of dividends only.
circBICD2 targets miR‐149‐5p/IGF2BP1 axis to regulate oral squamous cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Qiu Lehong , Zheng Linlin , Gan Chengwen , Deng Wei , Sun Ying , Wang Tao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are related to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression. circRNA bicaudal D cargo adaptor 2 (circBICD2) has been reported to be abnormally expressed in OSCC. However, the function and mechanism of this circRNA in OSCC progression remain largely unknown.MethodscircBICD2, microRNA‐149‐5p (miR‐149‐5p), and insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) abundances were examined via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. The function of circBICD2 was investigated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, transwell, specific kits, Western blot, and xenograft analyses. Dual‐luciferase reporter analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation were carried out to analyze the binding interaction.ResultscircBICD2 expression was enhanced in OSCC tissues and cells. circBICD2 silence suppressed OSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and glutaminolysis and facilitated apoptosis. miR‐149‐5p was targeted via circBICD2 and decreased in OSCC tissues and cells. miR‐149‐5p knockdown attenuated silence of circBICD2 on the influence of OSCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and glutaminolysis. IGF2BP1 was targeted via miR‐149‐5p, and circBICD2 could regulate IGF2BP1 via miR‐149‐5p. IGF2BP1 interference constrained OSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and glutaminolysis and promoted apoptosis. circBICD2 silence reduced OSCC cell growth in xenograft model.ConclusioncircBICD2 knockdown repressed OSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and glutaminolysis and increased apoptosis via modulating miR‐149‐5p/IGF2BP1 axis, which might act as a potential target for OSCC treatment.
Proton pump inhibitor usage reduces sustained viral response rates for veterans with HIV/HCV coinfection on ledipasvir/sofosbuvir: a real‐world study from a multicentre VA cohort
Authors: Lee Tzu‐Hao , Chan Austin , Bryan William , Park Lawrence , Hashem Mohamed , Townsend Mary , Moylan Cynthia , Britt Rachel , Choi Steve , Naggie Susanna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have reported an association of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and decreased sustained viral response rate (SVR) in patients taking ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF). The relationship between PPI usage and SVR is less clear in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection, where concomitant antiretrovirals may result in more complex drug interactions. This retrospective study evaluates the effects of acid suppression medications (PPI or H2‐receptor antagonist [H2B]) use and SVR rates in patients with HIV/HCV or HCV and taking LDV/SOF in a large multicentre veteran cohort. Patients in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System who received LDV/SOF ± ribavirin from 10/10/2014 to 12/31/2015 were included. The odds ratios (OR) of PPI or H2B use for SVR were adjusted for clinical factors and with inverse probability of treatment weighting for non‐random treatment selection for acid suppression medication use. There were 9703 veterans included in our final analysis. After adjustment of other clinical factors, PPI use is associated with a lower SVR in the overall cohort (95.0% vs. 96.1%, OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74–0.99, p = .03, number needed to harm 90.9) and HIV/HCV coinfection subgroup (93.4% vs. 96.9%, OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.26–0.85, p = .01, number needed to harm 28.6). This present study reveals PPI use is associated with reduced SVR after LDV/SOF treatment, with a more significant impact in the subgroup of patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. Precautions need to be taken when using PPI and LDV/SOF in this group of patients.
Psychosocial support for providers working high‐risk exposure settings during a pandemic: A critical discussion
Authors: Plasse Mechelle J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPsychological first aid is a form of support designed to lessen disaster‐related distress. In a pandemic, providers may need such support but with the high risk of exposure, such a program is offered only virtually. The research is scant for traditional post‐disaster support and non‐existent for virtual; therefore, by using related research this discussion considers the likelihood of providers accessing and benefiting from this program. The virtual platform is heralded as the responsible way to provide support in a pandemic but this standard may be ineffective and is inherently inequitable. As a global event, pandemics require containment strategies applicable on an international level; therefore, psychosocial support should also be developed with an international audience in mind. Online psychosocial support falls short of being such a strategy as it incorrectly assumes global internet access. Many low‐income areas such as Sub‐Saharan Africa will need support strategies which compliment local frontline staff and fit with community‐driven initiatives, whereas wealthier countries may use a combination of onsite and online support. Provider psychosocial support needs in a pandemic, if articulated, are globally similar but how this support is offered requires contextually sensitive considerations not yet found in the literature.
Neurons populating the rectal extrinsic nerves in humans express neuronal and Schwann cell markers
Authors: Woods Crystal , Kapur Raj P. , Bischoff Andrea , Lovell Mark , Arnold Michael , Peña Alberto , Flockton Amanda , Sharkey Keith A. , Belkind‐Gerson Jaime 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn mice, Schwann cell (SC) progenitors give rise to autonomic ganglion cells and migrate into the gut to become enteric neurons. It is unknown whether SC progenitors have a similar fate in humans. In search of evidence for human SC‐derived neurogenesis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, we studied the rectums from cadaveric controls and children with anorectal malformations (ARM).MethodsWe analyzed distal rectal tissue taken at autopsy from 10 children with normal GI tracts and resected rectal specimens in 48 cases of ARM. Of these specimens, 6 had neurons within the extrinsic rectal innervation. These were further investigated with immunohistochemistry for neuronal and SC/glial markers.Key ResultsPerirectal tissue from control and ARM contained GLUT1‐positive extrinsic nerves, many containing neurons. SC/glial markers (SOX10, CDH19, and PLP1) were expressed by glia in the enteric nervous system and perirectal nerves, while MPZ predominated only in glia of perirectal nerves, in both control and ARM. Neurons in perirectal nerves were 61% larger in ARM samples and co‐expressed SOX10 (81%), PLP1 (73%), and CDH19 (56%). In ARM, cytoplasmic SOX10 was co‐expressed with neuronal antigens in ~57% of submucosal and myenteric neurons, vs. ~3% in control. Furthermore, intrinsic gut neurons in ARM specimens co‐expressed PLP1 (18%) and CDH19 (18%); however, neuronal co‐expression of PLP1 and CDH19 was rarely (<2%) observed in controls.Conclusions & InferencesDual expression of glial and neuronal markers in rectal and perirectal neurons support a model of Schwann cell‐derived neurogenesis in the innervation of the human GI tract.
Periodontitis aggravates renal inflammatory response in a mouse model of renal fibrosis
Authors: Bi Chao , Han Xiao‐Lan , Li Xue‐Zhu , Sun Jian‐Yong , Liu Yan , Duan Sheng‐Zhong , Lu Hai‐Xia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the effects of periodontitis on renal interstitial fibrosis in a mouse model.Materials and MethodsThirty C57BL/6 male mice were divided into control, periodontitis (PD), unilateral ureteral ligation (UUO) and PD+UUO groups. Unilateral ureteral ligation was performed 6 days after periodontitis. After 2 weeks, all mice were sacrificed, and samples were collected for the assessment of gene expression, immune cells, biochemical indicators and renal pathology.ResultsExpression of tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, and Ly6G in the kidneys in the PD+UUO group was significantly greater than in the UUO group. The percentage of CD11b+Ly6G+ cells was significantly higher in the PD+UUO than in the UUO group. Fibrotic areas in the kidneys in the PD+UUO group were slightly, but not significantly, greater than those in the UUO group. Kidneys from the PD+UUO group showed markedly higher gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐9, but not α‐smooth muscle actin or collagen I, than those in the UUO group. There were no significant differences in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and uric acid between the PD+UUO and UUO groups.ConclusionsPeriodontitis increases the renal inflammatory response without showing a significant influence on renal interstitial fibrosis or renal function in the UUO mouse model.