bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The value of hope: development and validation of a contextual measure of hope among people living with HIV in urban Tanzania a mixed methods exploratory sequential study
Authors: Siril Hellen , Smith Fawzi Mary C. , Todd Jim , Somba Magreat , Kaale Anna , Minja Anna , Killewo Japhet , Mugusi Ferdinand , Kaaya Sylvia F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundHope or hopefulness enhances coping and improves quality of life in persons with chronic or incurable illnesses. Lack of hope is associated with depression and anxiety, which impact negatively on quality of life. In Tanzania, where HIV prevalence is high, the rates of depression and anxiety are over four times higher among people living with HIV (PLH) compared to persons not infected and contribute annual mortality among PLH. Tanzania has a shortage of human resources for mental health, limiting access to mental health care. Evidence-based psychosocial interventions can complement existing services and improve access to quality mental health services in the midst of human resource shortages. Facilitating hope can be a critical element of non-pharmacological interventions which are underutilized, partly due to limited awareness and lack of hope measures, adapted to accommodate cultural context and perspectives of PLH. To address this gap, we developed and validated a local hope measure among PLH in Tanzania.MethodsTwo-phased mixed methods exploratory sequential study among PLH. Phase I was Hope-related items identification using deductive, inductive approaches and piloting. Phase II was an evaluation of psychometric properties at baseline and 24 months. Classical test theory, exploratory, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used.ResultsAmong 722 PLH, 59% were women, mean age was 39.3 years, and majority had primary school level of education. A total of 40 hope items were reduced to 10 in a three-factor solution, explaining 69% of variance at baseline, and 93% at follow-up. Internal consistency Cronbach's alpha was 0.869 at baseline and 0.958 at follow-up. The three-factor solution depicted: positive affect; cognition of effectiveness of HIV care; and goals/plans/ future optimism. Test-retest reliability was good (r= 0.797) and a number of indices were positive for CFA model fit, including Comparative Fit Index of 0.984.ConclusionThe developed local hope scale had good internal reliability, validity, and its dimensionality was confirmed against expectations. The fewer items for hope assessment argue well for its use in busy clinical settings to improve HIV care in Tanzania. Hope in this setting could be more than cognitive goal thinking, pathway and motivation warranting more research.Trial registrationThe intervention was registered in USAClinicalTrials.govon September 26, 2012, Registration number:NCT01693458.
Threshold concepts: designing a format for the flipped classroom as an active learning technique for crossing the threshold
Authors: Olaniyi Nkaepe E. E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is so-called troublesome knowledge in every subject. There is various subject-specific research available on what these particular concepts are, as well as some examples of how to help students cross those thresholds. There is, however, a gap in the area of implementation, a more practical format for addressing student learning when there are threshold concepts. As active learning encourages deep learning, this is key to any pedagogical method used. There is a need for a mix of teaching approaches to address the diverse learning styles that exist in any class. This paper seeks to provide a viable format that can be applied to any subject. This format is based on a flipped lesson in physics (in a higher education context) and the results from three cohorts across two academic years. The paper highlights the need for meta-learning when dealing with threshold concepts, as well as the use of interactive videos as a practical tool that contributes to self-efficacy.
Remarkable improvement of primary orthostatic tremor using perampanel
Authors: Grobe-Einsler Marcus , Kaut Oliver 
Published: January 2020

AbstractManagement of primary orthostatic tremor (POT) remains challenging, and medication is often ineffective.We report the case of a 53-year-old female with orthostatic tremor for 6 years who was refractory to gabapentin, clonazepam, primidone and propranolol. After treatment with 4 mg/day perampanel, she reported almost complete resolution of tremor. The diagnosis of POT was confirmed by tremor analysis using surface electromyography.Our report shows the potential use of the novel AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptor antagonist perampanel for the treatment of POT. To date, only two similar patients, one refractory to treatment and the other previously treated with clonazepam only, have been reported. We would like to note that our patient was refractory to all previous therapy and responded to a low dose of perampanel without side effects. The striking clinical improvement suggests a putative role of glutamate in the pathophysiology of orthostatic tremor.
Unlawful Acts or Strategies of Resistance?
Authors: Kalman Samuel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article examines anticolonial crime in interwar French Algeria. Faced with European attempts at political, economic, and cultural hegemony, and battered by poverty, legal discrimination, and official/police intransigence, Algerians often used criminal acts in an effort to destabilize and undermine French authority. This article examines the case study of the Department of Constantine, where Arab/Kabyle inhabitants regularly engaged in anticolonial crime and violence, including the robbery of arms and explosives from government buildings and mines, train derailments, and football hooliganism. More seriously, certain “criminals” engaged in the murder of settlers and attacked or killed police officers and administrative officials. In both city and countryside the official response was brutal: the violation of suspects' rights, excessive force in lieu of arrests, vigilante killings of suspects, and the forced removal of the families of anyone deemed outside the law. In this way, administrators and law enforcement tried to restore European predominance, yet the increasing prevalence of anticolonial crime effectively helped pave the way for popular nationalist movements in the post-1945 era and the 1954–62 Algerian War of Independence.Cet article examine la criminalité anticoloniale dans l'Algérie de l'entre-deux-guerres. Face aux efforts européens pour construire l'hégémonie politique, économique et culturelle, et touchés grièvement par la misère, un code juridique discriminatoire et l'intransigeance des fonctionnaires et policiers, les Algériens ont exploité la criminalité violente pour déstabiliser et saper le pouvoir colonial. Plus précisément, cet article analyse l'exemple de Constantine, le département où les habitants arabes et kabyles s'impliquent régulièrement dans la criminalité anticoloniale, y compris le vol des armements et explosifs dans les immeubles gouvernementaux et les mines, le déraillement des trains et le hooliganisme. Plus grave, certains « criminels » se sont engagés dans l'homicide volontaire contre les colons, et dans des attentats contre les commissaires de police et les administrateurs. Que ce soit dans le milieu urbain ou à la campagne, les pouvoirs ont répondu brutalement, par la violation des droits des suspects, l'usage excessif de la force, l'assassinat des « coupables » et la relocalisation forcée des hors-la-loi et de leurs familles. De cette façon, les administrateurs et la police ont essayé de soutenir la domination européenne en Algérie. Néanmoins, la croissance de la criminalité anticoloniale a ouvert la voie aux mouvements nationalistes populaires après 1945 et pendant la guerre d'indépendance (1954–62).
Other Geographies of Struggle: Afro-Brazilians and the American Civil War
Authors: Mota Isadora Moura 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article approaches Brazil as a forgotten Atlantic battleground of the American Civil War. I explore armed confrontations of Union and Confederate vessels along the Brazilian coast as well as slave flight to North American ships to understand how the war inspired slaves to imagine their captivity undone in Brazil. In the 1860s, Afro-Brazilians rebelled at the sight of warships like the CSS Sumter in Maranhão or ran away to New England whalers in Santa Catarina, believing either that North American ships carried troops ready to uphold the abolition of slavery or that they would allow the enslaved to claim the principle of free soil. Afro-Brazilian geopolitical literacy, therefore, points to the importance of Brazil as a cradle of antislavery as well as a sounding board for a war that reverberated in all corners of the African diaspora.
A Perverse Solution to Misplaced Distress
Authors: Wiggins Tobias B. D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTransgender people have long been associated with sexual perversion. For example, many early versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) infamously categorized any gender variance as sexual deviance or paraphilia. This article therefore investigates the taxonomical movement away from the transgender subject as perverse toward the current diagnosis of gender dysphoria, which instead consolidates the transgender subject as distressed and suffering. Through an unconventional use of psychoanalytic theories of perversion, I argue that DSM-5’s new diagnosis criteria work defensively, functioning as an antidote to the clinician's anxiety in the face of difference. When separated from stereotypical acts and identities, perversion proves to be quite valuable in understanding clinical transphobia. In particular, Freud's writings on fetishism and disavowal reveal some of the unconscious roles at play in the repeated medicalization of trans people and the restricting of transition-related resources. Through the donning of a fetish object, disavowal acts to ignore an upsetting reality while the traumatic truth remains intact. An analysis of Chase Joynt's video installation, Resisterectomy, provides grounded narratives of gendered surgery and illness that disrupt anticipated affects, temporalities, and curative measures.
Epic Stone Butch
Authors: Hammer K. Allison 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Through application of the contemporary term transmasculinity and the more historical stone butch, the author questions the critical tendency to perceive American writer Willa Cather only as lesbian while ignoring or undertheorizing a transgender longing at play in her fiction, short stories, and letters. While biographical evidence must not be approached as simply coterminous with literary production, as literature often exceeds or resists such alignments, Cather's letters in particular suggest a strong identification with her male fictional alliances. Analysis of her letters alongside two of her most treasured, and disparaged, novels, One of Ours (1922) and The Professor's House (1925), conveys Cather's wish for an idealized masculinity, both for herself and for Western culture, that would survive two coeval historical processes and events: the closing of the American frontier and the First World War. Through what the author calls a stone butch “armature,” she and her characters retained masculine dignity despite historical foreclosure of Cather's manly ideal, Winston Churchill's Great Man, who was for her the artistic and intellectual casualty of the period. Cather expressed the peculiar nostalgic longing present in stone butch, and in the explosion of new forms of transmasculinity in the present. This suggests that historical transgender styles don't disappear entirely, even as new categories emerge.
Chris Vargas's Consciousness Razing
Authors: Metzger Cyle 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chris Vargas's exhibition Consciousness Razing: The Stonewall Re-Memorialization Project commemorates the fiftieth anniversary of the Stonewall rebellion by smashing pervasive mythologies that erase transgender people from most retellings of the uprising and showcasing multiple artists' proposals for monuments that at least address if not remedy this absence. Stories of gay and lesbian civil rights victories that came out of Stonewall—like the dissolution of sodomy laws, the creation of employment nondiscrimination protections, and gay marriage—all tend to trace back to the rebellion, while the critical role that transgender women, many of color, played in these advances has slipped deep into unseen corners of historical memory. This forgetting is both a symptom and cause of the continued erasure of transgender people, especially transgender women of color, from contemporary LGBT activism, community, and discourse. As a gesture of amelioration, this monument implores us to reconstruct memories of Stonewall as a way of not merely supporting celebrating contemporary trans existence but ultimately shaping trans futurity.
Xenia the Servant of God, or Andrey Fyodorovich the Holy Fool
Authors: Bulgakovsky Dmitry , Mayhew Nick 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Xenia the Servant of God, or Andrey Fyodorovich the Holy Fool is a hagiography written by Russian Orthodox priest and publicist Dmitry Bulgakovsy (1843–ca. 1918). Published in Russia in 1890, it is one of the first full accounts of the life of a saint variably referred to by two names: one feminine, Xenia, and the other masculine, Andrey. The saint ostensibly lived in St. Petersburg in the eighteenth century. Identified female at birth and named Xenia, after the death of their husband Andrey, at the age of twenty-six the saint took on the identity of their deceased husband. The saint is popular in Russia today, and stories about their life are disseminated widely. Although they were canonized in 1988 as St. Xenia and are now venerated as a holy woman, accounts of their life always include the story of their gender transformation. In twenty-first-century narratives, this episode tends to be glossed over briefly as proof of the saint's extraordinary love for their husband, serving to embellish their role as a devoted wife. However, in the original nineteenth-century stories of the saint's life—such as the one translated below—there is greater ambiguity in the depiction of their gender.
Understanding and managing acute encephalitis
Authors: Kumar Rashmi 
Published: January 2020

Encephalitis is an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and permanent neurologic sequelae globally. Causes are diverse and include viral and non-viral infections of the brain as well as autoimmune processes. In the West, the autoimmune encephalitides are now more common than any single infectious cause, but, in Asia, infectious causes are still more common. In 2006, the World Health Organization coined the term “acute encephalitis syndrome”, which simply means acute onset of fever with convulsions or altered consciousness or both. In 2013, the International Encephalitis Consortium set criteria for diagnosis of encephalitis on basis of clinical and laboratory features. The most important infectious cause in the West is herpes simplex virus, but globally Japanese encephalitis (JE) remains the single largest cause. Etiologic diagnosis is difficult because of the large number of agents that can cause encephalitis. Also, the responsible virus may be detectable only in the brain and is either absent or transiently found in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Virological diagnosis is complex, expensive, and time-consuming. Different centres could make their own algorithms for investigation in accordance with the local etiologic scenarios. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography are specific for few agents. Clinically, severity may vary widely. A severe case may manifest with fever, convulsions, coma, neurologic deficits, and death. Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) includes two major categories: (i) classic paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (LE) with autoantibodies against intracellular neuronal antigens (Eg: Hu and Ma2) and (ii) new-type AIE with autoantibodies to neuronal surface or synaptic antigens (Eg: anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor). AIE has prominent psychiatric manifestations: psychosis, aggression, mutism, memory loss, euphoria, or fear. Seizures, cognitive decline, coma, and abnormal movements are common. Symptoms may fluctuate rapidly. Treatment is largely supportive. Specific treatment is available for herpesvirus group and non-viral infections. Various forms of immunotherapy are used for AIE.
All-fiber optic displacement sensing system for an Ilizarov transverse tibial bone transport device
Authors: Liang Haidong , Jiang Yuxuan , Wang Xianfan , Lewis Elfed , Wang Pengfei 
Published: January 2020

A single-mode–multimode–single-mode (SMS) optical fiber-based
displacement sensing system mounted on an Ilizarov transverse tibial
bone transport device for microcirculation reconstruction is reported.
Wide-range displacement is approximated as a uniform extension of a
spring that is connected to an SMS optical fiber structure acting as
the displacement sensor and allowing full displacement
characterization. Transmission spectrum changes are measured,
providing a displacement range of 24 mm with a sensitivity of

−

55.42

p
m

/

m
m

and a resolution of 45.2 µm. The
experimental results are characterized using a polynomial response
curve for measuring the displacement due to transverse distraction of
the Ilizarov device. The SMS fiber interrogation system is based on a
macrobending fiber edge filter-based ratiometric measurement system.
The use of SMS fibers together with the macrobending fiber-based
interrogation system eliminates the influence of temperature on the
displacement measurement. The implementation of the all-fiber sensing
system of this investigation has uniquely facilitated a smart clinical
device with a wide displacement range as well as operating in
real-time monitoring when attached to the Ilizarov transverse tibial
bone transport device. It also means that this fiber-optic sensing
device can be made more cost-effective, simpler in construction, and
more versatile while providing a high degree of measurement accuracy
and resolution.
Upconversion dark-field imaging with extended field of view at video frame rate
Authors: Junaid Saher , Tidemand-Lichtenberg Peter , Pedersen Christian , Rodrigo Peter John 
Published: January 2020

Dark-field imaging is a well-known optical method for obtaining edge-enhanced images of objects containing steep gradients in either amplitude or phase. Edge enhancement is commonly achieved by using a small physical obstruction in the center of the Fourier plane of a 4f imaging setup. By blocking the low spatial frequencies in the center of the Fourier plane, only the higher spatial frequencies from the object reach the image plane. In this work, simultaneous optical image processing (i.e., dark-field imaging) and sum-frequency generation are performed by placing a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal in the Fourier plane of a 4f setup and using a 1575 nm upconversion pump beam with a dark core. We demonstrate upconversion dark-field (UDF) imaging in which edge-enhanced images are obtained at the upconverted wavelength (

∼

630

n
m

) as a result of infrared object illumination (

∼
1

µ

m

). Furthermore, we experimentally confirm that UDF imaging can be extended from collinear to noncollinear interactions between the signal and pump. The presented system allows for adjustment of the spatial cutoff frequency while maximizing the power conversion efficiency. Simultaneous collinear and noncollinear upconversion imaging of phase objects is demonstrated using broadband 1 µm illumination with a spectral bandwidth of 6 nm—resulting in a UDF imaging system with an enhanced field of view at video frame rates.
Three-dimensional-printed Fabry–Perot interferometer on an optical fiber tip for a gas pressure sensor
Authors: Wei Heming , Chen Maoqing , Krishnaswamy Sridhar 
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate a three-dimensional (3D)-printed miniature optical fiber-based polymer Fabry–Perot (FP) interferometric pressure sensor based on direct femtosecond laser writing through two-photon polymerization. An unsealed cylinder column with a suspended polymer diaphragm is directly printed on a single-mode fiber tip to form an FP cavity. Here, two FP cavities with different lengths and the same diaphragm thickness (5 µm) are presented. The fabricated FP interferometer has a fringe contrast larger than 15 dB. The experimental results show that the fabricated device with a 140 µm cavity length has a linear response to the change of pressure with a sensitivity of 3.959 nm/MPa in a range of 0–1100 kPa, and the device with a 90 µm cavity length has a linear pressure sensitivity of 4.097 nm/MPa. The temperature sensitivity is measured to be about 160.2 pm/°C and 156.8 pm/°C, respectively, within the range from 20 to 70°C. The results demonstrate that 3D-printing techniques can be used for directly fabricating FP cavities on optical fiber tips for sensing applications.
Pears, pistachios, pencils and punctuation: Performative encounter and the art of conversation
Authors: Foster Karl , Foster Kimberley , Mitchell Victoria 
Published: January 2020

Words, utterance, gesture, mark-making, ink, nut shells, a peach or a stray button prompt material-discursive engagement. Nothing is taken for granted in terms of knowledge or experience other than a belief that such engagement is a practice, revealing of itself. This article proposes and exemplifies an ‘apparatus’ of such practice, in which the materially embedded and/or physically embodied production of speech, writing, objects and images are intermingled. This practice has evolved through collaboration, within and across successive performative encounters. Through the intra-acting agencies of performative encounter, the material and the verbal are in conversation, questioning the production of knowledge, critically and metaphorically determined as a ‘digestive tract of knowing’. A material engagement emerges that is continuously enmeshed, unravelled and revealed as an embodied tract that surfaces as diagram, apparatus or a conjunction of vertices.
In this context, words, whether written, spoken, uttered or as yet unsaid, are interior to the practice. Together and continuously, their shared and formative meanings are mobile, never settling, always productive. Whether critically informed or invented on the spur of the moment, words (including the writing of this article) act as material-discursive fabric. This research-in-action is evident both in the operative engagement and in the subsequent opening of the practice to others, whether as display, text, performance or dialogic example.