bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malaria Parasites in Macaques in Thailand: Stump-Tailed Macaques (Macaca Arctoides) are New Natural Hosts for Plasmodium Knowlesi, P. Inui, P. Coatneyi and P. Fieldi.
Authors: Fungfuang Wirasak , Udom Chanya , Tongthainan Daraka , Kadir Khamisah Abdul , Singh Balbir 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:Certain species of macaques are natural hosts ofPlasmodium knowlesi and P. cynomolgi, which can both cause malaria in humans, and P. inui, which can be experimentally transmitted to humans. A significant number of zoonotic malaria cases have been reported in humans throughout Southeast Asia, including Thailand. There have been only two studies undertaken in Thailand to identify malaria parasites in non-human primates in 6 provinces. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui and P. fieldiin non-human primates from 4 new locations in Thailand. Methods:A total of 93 blood samples from Macaca fascicularis, M. leonina and M. arctoides were collected from four locations in Thailand: 32 were captive M. fascicularisfrom Chachoengsao Province (CHA), 4 were wild M. fascicularis from Ranong Province (RAN), 32 were wildM. arctoidesfromPrachuap Kiri Khan Province (PRA), and 25 were wild M. leoninafrom Nakornratchasima Province (NAK). DNA was extracted from these samples and analysed by nested PCR assays to detect Plasmodium, and subsequently to detectP. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui and P. fieldi.Results:Twenty-seven of the 93 (29%) samples were Plasmodium-positive by nested PCR assays. Among wild macaques, all 4 M. fascicularis at RAN were infected with malaria parasites followed by 50% of 32 M. arctoides at PRA and 20% of 25 M. leonina at NAK. Only 2 (6.3%) of the 32 captive M. fascicularisat CHA were malaria-positive. All 5 species of Plasmodium were detected and 16 (59.3%) of the 27 macaques had single infections, 9had double and 2 had triple infections.The composition of Plasmodium species in macaques at each sampling site was different. Macaca arctoides from PRA were infected with P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. cynomolgi, P. inui and P. fieldi. Conclusions:The prevalence and species of Plasmodiumvaried among the wild and captive macaques, and betweenmacaques at 4 sampling sites in Thailand. Macaca arctoidesis a new natural host for P. knowlesi, P. inui,P. coatneyi and P. fieldi.
Lack of knowledge and awareness on cervical cancer vaccination hinders the administration of HPV vaccination among the health care professionals.
Authors: Myneni Sindhura , Chellapandian Poongodi , Kumar Divya Ravi , Baluswamy Gayathri , Sivagnanam Poonguzhali , Balu Pandian , Chelladurai Udayakumari Meesala , James Kavin Mozhi , Kamineni Ravi Teja , Arokiasamy Christina Puthota , Padmanabhan Padmavathy , Surapaneni Krishna Mohan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among females in India. This study was conducted regarding current awareness about cervical cancer, which is helpful in designing educational programs and to overcome barriers associated for knowledge enhancement about cervical cancer and its screening & vaccination. Methods : This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 318 health care professionals working in tertiary hospitals across Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. A semi-structured questionnaire with 31 items was developed by the researchers to explore the knowledge and attitudes on cervical cancer, cervical cancer prevention and HPV(Human Papilloma Virus)vaccination. Results: Among the 318 respondents, 90.6% were aware of cervical cancer, but only 29.2% had done screening against cervical cancer and 19.8% got vaccinated. 94.7% of the study subjects heard of HPV and 86.2% knew that HPV causes cervical cancer. 83.3% people knew that PAP( Papanicolaou) smear test detects the cervical cancer. But, only 29.2% had PAP test. 68.2% of the study subjects knew that cancer cervix can be prevented by vaccination. But only 19.8% got vaccinated .Only 34.9% know that HPV vaccine can be given to boys. Most common reason for not getting vaccination was lack of awareness. 77.2% in our study are willing for vaccination and recommendation to their friends and family members. Conclusion: Lack of awareness with regard to the cervical cancer could be the possible hurdle for the HPV vaccination among the health professionals.
Challenges to effective governance in a low income healthcare system: a qualitative study of stakeholder perceptions in Malawi
Authors: Masefield Sarah C , Msosa Alan , Grugel Jean 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: All countries face challenging decisions about healthcare coverage. The scare resources of low income countries prevent improvements in equitable access and quality. Malawi, one of the poorest countries in the world, has committed to achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) by 2030. The health sector is highly dependent on donor contributions, but recent poor governance of government-funded healthcare saw donors withdraw funding, limiting services and resources. The 2017 updated National Health Plan II and accompanying Health Strategic Plan II identify the importance of improved governance and strategies to achieve it, including greater harmonisation with health stakeholders. This study explores health sector stakeholders’ perceptions of challenges to improving governance in the national health system. Methods: A qualitative study design was used. Interviews were conducted with 22 representatives of the major international and faith-based non-government organisations, civil society organisations, local government and government-funded organisations, and governance bodies operating in Malawi. Open questions were asked about experiences and perceptions of the functioning of the health system and healthcare decision-making. The transcripts and field notes were analysed using inductive content analysis.Results: Stakeholders view governance challenges as a barrier to achieving a more effective and equitable health system. Three types of challenges were identified: accountability (enforceability; answerability; stakeholder-led initiatives); health resource management (healthcare financing; drug supply); influence in decision-making (unequal power; stakeholder engagement).Conclusions: Health sector stakeholders see a range of serious challenges to improving governance in the national health system in Malawi which will impact on the government’s goal of achieving UHC by 2030. These can be categorised as political, structural, and financial challenges. Stakeholders identify the need for improved oversight, implementation, service delivery and social accountability of government-funded service providers to communities. Eighteen months after the introduction of the NHP II and HSSP II, they see little evidence of improved governance and have little or no confidence in the government’s ability to deliver UHC in the timeframe set out by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The difficulties stakeholders perceive in relation to building equitable and effective health governance in Malawi have relevance for other resource-limited countries which have also committed to the goal of UHC.
Perception of the healthcare professionals towards the current trauma and emergency care system in Kabul, Afghanistan: A mixed method study
Authors: Khudadad Umerdad , Aftab Wafa , Ali Asrar , Khan Nadeem Ullah , Razzak Junaid , Siddiqi Sameen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Trauma and injury contribute to 11% of the all-cause mortality in Afghanistan. We aimed to explore the perceptions of the stakeholders of the public and private health sectors to identify the challenges in the provision of an effective trauma care in Kabul, Afghanistan.Methods: We utilized a mixed method design, including key-informant interviews of the trauma management stakeholders (N=18) and subsequent structured emergency care system assessment questionnaire (N = 35). Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis and questionnaire data were descriptively analyzed. Results: We identified four themes that describe the challenges: 1) pre-hospital care, 2) cohesive trauma management system, 3) physical and human resources and 4) stewardship. We found some key challenges related to scene and transportation care, in-hospital care and emergency preparedness within the wider trauma care system. Less than 25% of the population is covered by the pre-hospital ambulance system (n=23, 65.7%) and no communication process between health care facilities to facilitate transfer (n=28, 80%). Less than 25% of patients with an injury requiring emergent surgery have access to surgical care in a staffed operating theatre within two hours of injury (n=19, 54.2%) and there is no regular assessment of the ability of the emergency care system to mobilize resources (human and physical) to respond to disasters, and other large-scale emergencies (n=28, 80%). Conclusion: This study highlighted major challenges in the delivery of trauma care services across Kabul, Afghanistan. Systematic improvement in the workforce training, structural organization of the trauma system and implementing externally validated clinical guidelines for trauma management could possibly enhance the functions of the existing trauma care services. However, an integrated state-run trauma care system will address the current burden of traumatic injury more effectively within the wider healthcare system of Afghanistan.
Effects of pre-emptive pregabalin and multimodal anesthesia on postoperative opioid requirements in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy
Authors: Sisa Katrin , Huoponen Saara , Ettala Otto , Antila Heikki , Saari Teijo I. , Uusalo Panu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Previous findings indicate that pre-emptive pregabalin as part of multimodal anesthesia reduces opioid requirements compared to conventional anesthesia in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). However, recent studies show contradictory evidence suggesting that pregabalin does not reduce postoperative pain or opioid consumption after surgeries. We conducted a register-based analysis on RALP patients treated over a five-year period to evaluate postoperative opioid consumption between two multimodal anesthesia protocols. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients undergoing RALP between years 2015 and 2019. Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists status 1-3, age between 30 and 80 years and treated with standard multimodal anesthesia were included in the study. Pregabalin (PG) group received 150 mg of oral pregabalin as premedication before anesthesia induction, while the control (CTRL) group was treated conventionally. Postoperative opioid requirements were calculated as intravenous morphine equivalent doses for both groups. The impact of pregabalin on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and length of stay (LOS) was evaluated.Results: We included 245 patients in the PG group and 103 in the CTRL group. Median (IQR) opioid consumption over 24 postoperative hours was 15 (8-24) and 17 (8-25) mg in PG and CTRL groups (p = 0.44). We found no difference in postoperative opioid requirement between the two groups in post anesthesia care unit, or within 12 hours postoperatively (p=0.16; p = 0.09). The length of post anesthesia care unit stay was same in each group and there was no difference in PONV Similarly, median postoperative LOS was 31 hours in both groups. Conclusion: Patients undergoing RALP and receiving multimodal analgesia do not need significant amount of opioids postoperatively and can be discharged soon after the procedure. Pre-emptive administration of oral pregabalin does not reduce postoperative opioid consumption, PONV or LOS in these patients.
Usefulness of Surgical Lung Biopsies after Cryobiopsies when Pathological Results Are Inconclusive or show a Pattern Suggestive of a Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia
Authors: Bondue Benjamin , Leduc Dimitri , Froidure Antoine , Pieters Thierry , Taton Olivier , Heinen Vincent , Alexander Patrick , Hoton Delphine , Dome Florence , Remmelink Myriam 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND The equivalence of transbronchial lung cryobiopsies (TBLCs) and surgical lung biopsy (SLB) in the diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs) is still debated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of SLBs performed in selected patients after TBLCs.METHOD We conducted a multicentric Belgian prospective trial in which SLBs were performed after TBLCs when the pathological diagnosis was uncertain or if a nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) pattern was observed hypothesizing that SLB could provide additional information and that a co-existent UIP pattern could be missed.RESULTS 81 patients with TBLCs performed for a DPLD were included in the study between April 2015 and December 2019. A specific histological diagnosis was obtained in 52 patients (64%) whereas no pathological diagnosis following TBLCs was obtained in 13 patients (16%) and a pattern suggestive of a NSIP observed in 16 patients (20%). 14 of these 29 patients had SLBs after TBLCs. SLBs showed a UIP pattern in 11 (79%), a pattern suggestive of a hypersensitivity pneumonitis in two and a NSIP pattern in one patient. Among the 16 patients with pathological NSIP following TBLCs, six benefited from SLBs showing a UIP in five and confirming a NSIP in only one patient. A retrospective pathological analysis of patients having both procedures showed lower diagnostic confidence and agreement among pathologists for TBLCs compared to SLBs. Major determinants underlying the added value of SLBs were, as expected, the bigger size and the subpleural localization of the biopsies.CONCLUSIONS TBLCs are useful in the setting of DPLDs with a good diagnostic yield. However, our study suggests that SLB provides critical additional information in case TBLCs are inconclusive or show a pattern suggestive of a NSIP, questioning the accuracy of TBLC to identify adequately this histological pattern.
Overexpression of CXCR7 Enhances Metastasis on Lung Cancer Cell
Authors: Huan Liu , Qian Cheng , sheng Xu Dong , Wen Wang , Zheng Fang , Dong Xue Dong , Ya Zheng , H Chang Alex , jun Lei Yan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Under physiological conditions, CXCL12 modulates cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and migration mainly through CXCR4. Interestingly, the newly discovered receptor CXCR7 for CXCL12 is highly expressed in many tumor cells as well as tumor-associated blood vessels, although the level of CXCR7 in normal cells is low. Recently, many studies have suggested that CXCR7 promotes cell growth and metastasis in more than 20 human malignancies, among which lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Thus, the mechanism of CXCR7 in the progression of lung cancer is urgently needed.
Methods
First, we explored CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression in human lung cancer specimens and cell lines by immunohistochemistry, western blot and flow cytometry. Then, we chose the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 that stably overexpressed CXCR7 through the way of lentivirus-mediated transduction. Next, “wound healing” assay and transwell assay were applied to compare the cell migration and invasion ability, and stripe assay was used to evaluate the cell polarization. Last, our team established a mouse xenograft model of human lung cancer and monitored tumor proliferation and metastasis by firefly luciferase bioluminescence imaging in SCID/Beige mice.
Results
In clinical lung cancer samples, CXCR7 were highly expressed in lung tumor tissue compared with normal tissue, and, CXCR4 highly expressed in both normal and tumor tissues. Furthermore, overexpression of CXCR7 enhanced A549 cell migration and polarization in vitro. Besides, mouse xenograft model of human lung cancer showed that CXCR7 promoted primary lung tumor’s growth and metastasis to the second organ, such as liver or bone marrow in SCID/Beige mice in vivo.
Conclusions
This study describes the multiple functions of CXCR7 in lung cancer. Thus, these results suggest that CXCR7 may be a malignancy marker and may provide a novel target for anticancer therapy.
Investigating the effect of TRPV4 inhibition on pulmonary-vascular barrier permeability following segmental endotoxin challenge
Authors: Mole Sarah , Harry Anya , Fowler Andrew , Hotee Sarah , Warburton Joseph , Waite Sarah , Beerahee Misba , Behm David J , Badorrek Philipp , Müller Meike , Faulenbach Cornelia , Lazaar Aili L , Hohlfeld Jens M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is associated with increased pulmonaryvascular permeability. In the lung, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a Ca2+-permeable cation channel, is a regulator of endothelial permeability and pulmonary edema. We performed a Phase I, placebocontrolled, doubleblind, randomized, parallel group, proofofmechanism study to investigate the effects of TRPV4 channel blocker, GSK2798745, on pulmonaryvascular barrier permeability using a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced lung inflammation.
Methods
Healthy participants were randomized 1:1 to receive 2 single doses of GSK2798745 or placebo, 12 hours apart. Two hours after the first dose, participants underwent bronchoscopy and segmental LPS instillation. Total protein concentration and neutrophil counts were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples collected before and 24 hours after LPS challenge, as markers of barrier permeability and inflammation, respectively. The primary endpoint was baseline adjusted total protein concentration in BAL at 24 hours after LPS challenge. A Bayesian framework was used to estimate the posterior probability of any percentage reduction (GSK2798745 relative to placebo). Safety endpoints included the incidence of adverse events (AEs), vital signs, 12-lead electrocardiogram, clinical laboratory and haematological evaluations, and spirometry.
Results
Forty-seven participants were dosed and 45 completed the study (22 on GSK2798745 and 23 on placebo). Overall, GSK2798745 was well tolerated. Small reductions in mean baseline adjusted BAL total protein (~ 9%) and neutrophils (~ 7%) in the LPS-challenged segment were observed in the GSK2798745 group compared with the placebo group; however, the reductions did not meet pre-specified success criteria of at least a 95% posterior probability that the percentage reduction in the mean 24hours post LPS BAL total protein level (GSK2798745 relative to placebo) exceeded zero. Median plasma concentrations of GSK2798745 were predicted to inhibit TRPV4 on lung vascular endothelial cells by ~ 7085% during the 24 hours after LPS challenge; median ureacorrected BAL concentrations of GSK2798745 were 3.0 to 8.7fold higher than those in plasma.
Conclusions
GSK2798745 did not affect segmental LPS-induced elevation of BAL total protein or neutrophils, despite blood and lung exposures that were predicted to be efficacious.
Risk of Transmission and Knowledge Gap for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) in Addis Ababa: Risk Estimation and Control Strategies
Authors: Begashaw Getnet Bogale , Yohannes Yordanos 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

A novel coronavirus disease 2019 is pandemic infectious disease. It is neither SARS nor influenza; rather it is a zoonotic virus that can be transmitted to humans. COVID-19 was emerged at the end of 2019 in China in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei China. Physical contact and respiratory routs are the two most important well established routs of transmission of the virus. This study is aimed to evaluate knowledge gap and risk activities against Covid-19 in Addis Ababa.
Methods

The study used a primary data collected from 431 individuals with analysis of descriptive statistics and multivariate binary logistic regression. Explanatory variables practicing health care service, age, sex, family size, working place, lock down, safe working environment, use transportation, contacting density population, health status and flight history; and knowledge gap and carefulness is response variable at 5% level of significance.
Results

In this work practicing health care service & physical distance, safe working environment and Contacting density population are statistically significant predictors in describing risk transmission of Covid-19. Intercept (OR = 1.429, 95% CI: 1.199, 1.659), Practicing health care service & Physical Distance (OR = 6.885, 95% CI: 6.765, 7.005), Working Place (OR = 1.206, 95% CI: 0.961, 1.451) and Safe working environment (OR = 4.013, 95% CI: 3.768, 4.258) were factors significantly associated with increased risk of Covid-19 transmission.
Conclusions

To control disease transmission in Addis Ababa we need to encourage inhabitants to practice health care service & physical distance, to work their jobs at home and preparing national guidelines to safe working environment and usage transportation.
Characterization of the belowground microbial community in a poplar-assisted bioremediation strategy for restoring a multi-contaminated soil
Authors: Caracciolo Anna Barra , Grenni Paola , Garbini Gian Luigi , Rolando Ludovica , Campanale Claudia , Aimola Giorgia , Fernandez-Lopez Manuel , Fernandez-Gonzalez Antonio José , Villadas Pablo José , Ancona Valeria 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Due to their widespread use in industrial applications in recent decades, Polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals (HMs) are the most common soil contaminants worldwide, posing a risk for both ecosystems and human health.Results: a poplar-assisted bioremediation strategy has been applied for more than four years to a historically contaminated area (PCBs and HMs) in Southern Italy using the Monviso poplar clone. This clone was effective in promoting a decrease in all contaminants and an increase in soil quality in terms of organic carbon and microbial abundance. Moreover, a significant shift in the structure and functioning of the belowground microbial community was also observed when analysing both DNA and cDNA sequencing. In fact, an increase in bacterial genera belonging to Proteobacteria and able to degrade PCBs and resist HMs was observed. Moreover, the functional profiling of the microbial community predicted by PICRUSt2 made it possible to identify several genes associated with PCB transformation (e.g. bphAa, bphAb, bphB, bphC), response to HM oxidative stress (e.g. catalase, superoxide reductase, peroxidase) and HM uptake and expulsion (e.g. ABC transporters).Conclusions: This work demonstrated the effectiveness of the poplar clone used in stimulating the natural belowground microbial community to remove contaminants (phyto-assisted bioremediation) and improve the overall soil quality. It is a practical example of a nature based solution involving synergic interactions between plants and the belowground microbial community.