bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced design considerations on the buckling and dynamics of Gannet-inspired systems during water entry
Authors: Zimmerman S , Abdelkefi A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To provide a more complete analysis of Gannet birds and Gannet-inspired drones during diving, this work considers an improved beam model to describe the static and dynamic characteristics of Gannet and Gannet-like drones at impact. The beam model consists of two different geometric and material property beams under continuity conditions to better understand the geometrical and material parameters’ influence on the structural statics and dynamics of these kinds of systems. Using Hamilton’s principle, the equations of motion, continuity, and boundary conditions considering Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko theories are derived. Then, applying the continuity and boundary conditions, the static and dynamic analyses are conducted to examine the impact buckling speeds, the buckled shapes, the natural frequencies at different impact velocities for bioinspired drone design, and the post-buckled mode shapes. The buckled configurations suggest that the body of the Gannet most likely has a different bending and torsional stiffness than the neck. The results indicate that the amount of softening in the joints contributes significantly to not only the speed at which the bird will buckle, but also the buckling profile of the bird. To obtain a physical buckling profile of the Gannet, a stiffer boundary condition at the end of the bird body model is needed due to the increased bending stiffness properties of the body compared to the neck as well as the position of the wings and feet surpassing the end of the body. The results also demonstrate that to build a bioinspired diving drone that falls within a smaller air-vehicle range, the amount of error between theories in predicting the static and dynamic buckling behavior of the system becomes significantly more evident. The dynamic characteristics and mode shapes of the Gannet-like systems are provided for further drone design insight on the impact speeds the drone can achieve without responding to an external excitation frequency from a propeller or actuator.
Common but differentiated leadership: strategies and challenges for carbon neutrality by 2050 across industrialized economies
Authors: Schreyer Felix , Luderer Gunnar , Rodrigues Renato , Pietzcker Robert C , Baumstark Lavinia , Sugiyama Masahiro , Brecha Robert J , Ueckerdt Falko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Given their historic emissions and economic capability, we analyze a leadership role for representative industrialized regions (EU, US, Japan, and Australia) in the global climate mitigation effort. Using the global integrated assessment model REMIND, we systematically compare region-specific mitigation strategies and challenges of reaching domestic net-zero carbon emissions in 2050. Embarking from different emission profiles and trends, we find that all of the regions have technological options and mitigation strategies to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Regional characteristics are mostly related to different land availability, population density and population trends: While Japan is resource limited with respect to onshore wind and solar power and has constrained options for carbon dioxide removal (CDR), their declining population significantly decreases future energy demand. In contrast, Australia and the US benefit from abundant renewable resources, but face challenges to curb industry and transport emissions given increasing populations and high per-capita energy use. In the EU, lack of social acceptance or EU-wide cooperation might endanger the ongoing transition to a renewable-based power system. CDR technologies are necessary for all regions, as residual emissions cannot be fully avoided by 2050. For Australia and the US, in particular, CDR could reduce the required transition pace, depth and costs. At the same time, this creates the risk of a carbon lock-in, if decarbonization ambition is scaled down in anticipation of CDR technologies that fail to deliver. Our results suggest that industrialized economies can benefit from cooperation based on common themes and complementary strengths. This may include trade of electricity-based fuels and materials as well as the exchange of regional experience on technology scale-up and policy implementation.
Assessing the effectiveness and pathways of planned shelters in protecting mental health of flood victims in China
Authors: Zhong Shuang , Pang Minghui , Ho Hung Chak , Jegasothy Edward , Clayton Susan , Wang Zhe , Huang Cunrui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background. Evacuation and sheltering are commonly used strategies for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, but may negatively affect mental health of internally displaced persons (IDPs). Recently, Chinese governments have developed planned settlements providing integrated and intensive health services and environmental interventions to reduce immediate disastrous impacts and support the mental health of IDPs. Methods. Here we selected 69 planned shelters by stratified sampling to describe the implemented interventions conducted in Anhui Province of China after the 2016 severe floods, and we used standardized psychological scales to survey the intervention group (IDP who lived in these planned shelters) and the matched control group (victims living in their homes). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between social-demographic characteristics, flooding exposure, environmental conditions and the psychological diseases. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to compare their prevalence of psychological diseases, and to identify its influencing factors though comparing multiple interventions. Finally, the structural equation modeling was used to identify their influencing pathways. Results. Compared with the control group, the intervention group had a significantly lower risk of anxiety (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.18–0.71), depression (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.19–0.68) and post-traumatic stress disorder (OR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.15–0.56). Environmental interventions providing clean water, safe food, environmental hygiene, risk communication and sufficient accommodation had a protective effect (standardized indirect effect = −0.153, p < 0.01) on the risk of psychological problems, mediating the negative effect caused by displacement and sheltering. Conclusions. How planned shelters were used to achieve better mental health outcomes in Anhui could inform other flood-prone areas to mitigate psychological vulnerability of IDPs.
Nitrogen loss to the environment due to various nitrogen-use efficiencies during milk and beef production in Japan
Authors: Mori Akinori , Eguchi Sadao , Higuchi Mikito , Shibata Hideaki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Reactive nitrogen (Nr) is essential to livestock production, but its excess use can become a source of environment pollution, the extent of which can be evaluated by using a nitrogen (N) footprint model. Such a model provides a useful indicator linking consumers’ activity with Nr loss to the environment. To reduce Nr losses, it is crucial to reduce the use of ‘new-Nr,’ namely Nr chemically (synthetic-Nr) and biologically (BNF-Nr) fixed from the atmosphere, by recycling manure-Nr for crop production. When estimating the N footprint associated with the N use efficiency (NUE) of animal products and virtual N factor (VNF), namely the ratio of Nr released to the environment during the food production and consumption processes per unit Nr consumed, Nr flows from feed production in fields to milk and beef consumption by humans should be quantified. Here, we estimated the national-scale NUE of milk and beef production in Japan and quantified the VNF and N footprint, namely Nr losses to the environment per capita through milk and beef consumption by humans. Crop NUE (i.e. feed-Nr/(new-Nr + manure-Nr)) was greater in paddy fields and grassland than in upland fields. Milk NUE (i.e. consumed-Nr/new-Nr) and milk VNF were 15% and 5.6, respectively. Beef NUEs (i.e. consumed-Nr/new-Nr) and beef VNFs were 4.0% and 24.2 for dairy bullocks, 3.2% and 29.8 for crossbred cattle, and 2.4% and 41.5 for beef breeds, respectively. The length of the fattening period was an important determinant of beef NUE and beef VNF. When the components of slaughtered cattle (the three types previously mentioned + culled cattle) in Japan were considered, beef NUE and beef VNF were 3.7% and 26.3, respectively. We hope that providing consumers with this information will prompt them to choose more environmentally sustainable animal products and thus substantially reduce the worldwide N footprint.
Constructions of locally distinguishable sets of maximally entangled states which require two-way LOCC
Authors: Yuan Jiang-Tao , Yang Ying-Hui , Wang Cai-Hong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Most of known locally distinguishable sets of maximally entangled states (MESs) can be perfectly distinguished with one-way local operations and classical communication (1-LOCC), and there are not many known locally distinguishable sets which require two-way LOCC (2-LOCC). Recently some such sets of MESs have been built, that is, they can be locally distinguished only with 2-LOCC. In this work, we show that there exist a lot of locally distinguishable MESs which require 2-LOCC (denote such sets by 2-LOCC sets). Firstly generalized Bell states are employed to construct lots of 1-LOCC indistinguishable sets of MESs in the quantum systems

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Limit properties of Lévy walks
Authors: Magdziarz Marcin , Zorawik Tomasz 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper we study properties of the diffusion limits of three different models of Lévy walks (LW). Exact asymptotic behavior of their trajectories is found using LePage series representation. We also prove an existing conjecture about total variation of LW sample paths. Based on this conjecture we verify martingale properties of the limit processes for LW. We also calculate their probability density functions and apply this result to determine the potential density of the associated non-symmetric α-stable processes. The obtained theoretical results for continuous LW can be used to recognize and verify this type of processes from anomalous diffusion experimental data. In particular they can be used to estimate parameters from experimental data using maximum likelihood methods.
Factor Validity of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) Using Robust Estimations in Ecuadorian Adolescents
Authors: Moreta-Herrera Rodrigo , Rodas Jose A , Lara-Salazar Mariela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveConfirm the three correlated factors model of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) using robust estimations and evaluate its internal consistency with a sample of Ecuadorian adolescents.MethodDescriptive and instrumental analysis that includes confirmatory factor analysis with robust estimation and the calculation of its internal consistency.ParticipantsA total of 1113 adolescents in which 56.1% are men and 43.9% are women), and they were between 11 and 19 years old ($\overline{X} $= 14.9 years; s = 1.67). Students from eight educational centres in Cotopaxi (54.1%) and Tungurahua (45.9%) in Ecuador were also included.ResultsThe three correlated factors model from the AUDIT is confirmed with χ2 = 95.67; P &lt; 0.001; df = 32; χ2/df = 2.98; comparative adjustment index = 0.93; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.90; standardized root mean square residual = 0.046; root mean square error of approximation = 0.042; 95% confidence interval [0.033–0.052].ConclusionsThe three correlated factors model from the AUDIT using robust estimations has an adequate fit and is also reliable in a sample of Ecuadorian adolescents.
Stomatal rings: structure, functions and origin
Authors: Pautov Anatoly , Bauer Svetlana , Ivanova Olga , Krylova Elena , Yakovleva Olga , Sapach Yulia , Pautova Irina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Stomatal rings are structural elements of stomata of some flowering plants, being found in various groups of eudicots. The presence of a stomatal ring on a stoma does not depend on stomatal complex types, dimensions of stomata or their density. The guard cells of these stomata lie on the subsidiary cells. The location of the outer ledges on the outer tangential walls of the guard cells and the position of the stomatal rings on the guard cell walls around the outer ledges or on the outer ledges themselves are also among the characteristic features of these stomata. To elucidate the role of the stomatal rings we applied modelling using the finite-element method. The modelling has shown that the outer ledges prevent movements of the outer tangential walls of the guard cells and stimulate movements of the inner tangential walls and the immersion of the opening stomatal pore in the epidermis. Stomatal rings can enhance this effect. They also prevent the movements of the outer ledges and the widening of the stomatal aperture between them during stoma opening. This type of stomata occurs in evergreen plants growing in diverse conditions.
Distinct Laminar and Cellular Patterns of GABA Neuron Transcript Expression in Monkey Prefrontal and Visual Cortices
Authors: Dienel Samuel J , Ciesielski Andrew J , Bazmi Holly H , Profozich Elizabeth A , Fish Kenneth N , Lewis David A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe functional output of a cortical region is shaped by its complement of GABA neuron subtypes. GABA-related transcript expression differs substantially between the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and primary visual (V1) cortices in gray matter homogenates, but the laminar and cellular bases for these differences are unknown. Quantification of levels of GABA-related transcripts in layers 2 and 4 of monkey DLPFC and V1 revealed three distinct expression patterns: 1) transcripts with higher levels in DLPFC and layer 2 [e.g., somatostatin (SST)]; 2) transcripts with higher levels in V1 and layer 4 [e.g., parvalbumin (PV)], and 3) transcripts with similar levels across layers and regions [e.g., glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67)]. At the cellular level, these patterns reflected transcript- and cell type-specific differences: the SST pattern primarily reflected differences in the relative proportions of SST mRNA-positive neurons, the PV pattern primarily reflected differences in PV mRNA expression per neuron, and the GAD67 pattern reflected opposed patterns in the relative proportions of GAD67 mRNA-positive neurons and in GAD67 mRNA expression per neuron. These findings suggest that differences in the complement of GABA neuron subtypes and in gene expression levels per neuron contribute to the specialization of inhibitory neurotransmission across cortical circuits.
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Emergency Use Authorization: Glass Half Full or Glass Half Empty?
Authors: Guharoy Roy , Krenzelok Edward P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued emergency use authorization (EUA) for convalescent plasma (CP) for the treatment of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 based on a non–peer-reviewed, open-label, observational study. Issuance of an EUA without a proven randomized, controlled trial (RCT) sets a dangerous precedent since the premature action drives healthcare providers and patients away from RCTs that are essential for determining the efficacy and safety of CP. More caution should have been taken based on what was learned from the recent debacle related to the rescinded EUA of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, which were approved initially based on an anecdotal report. The FDA process for determining efficacy and safety must be based solely on data from RCTs in order to sustain public and professional trust for future treatment and vaccine efforts to be successful.
Late Negotiations: Ecopoetry and Kathleen Jamie
Authors: Gillis Alan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This essay explores Kathleen Jamie’s ecopoetry, expanding upon previous discussions of her work in this context. Through close readings of key poems, a broader exploration of lyric poetry and ecopoetics is developed. The opening section discusses current debates. While there is agreement with a critical consensus that our environmental catastrophe necessitates new ways of thinking, it is queried whether this, regarding lyric poetry, necessitates rejection of all convention and previous approaches. The main section of the essay then reexamines the work of Jamie, a well-known ecopoet, to scrutinize ways in which an emphasis on close reading and attention to matters of form might allow for a richer understanding than is allowed for in current ecocritical debates.
NCOA3identified as a new candidate to explain autosomal dominant progressive hearing loss
Authors: Salazar-Silva R , Dantas Vitor Lima Goes , Alves Leandro Ucela , Batissoco Ana Carla , Oiticica Jeanne , Lawrence Elizabeth A , Kawafi Abdelwahab , Yang Yushi , Nicastro Fernanda Stávale , Novaes Beatriz Caiuby , Hammond Chrissy , Kague Erika , Mingroni-Netto R C 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHearing loss is a frequent sensory impairment in humans and genetic factors account for an elevated fraction of the cases. We have investigated a large family of five generations, with 15 reported individuals presenting non-syndromic, sensorineural, bilateral and progressive hearing loss, segregating as an autosomal dominant condition. Linkage analysis, using SNP-array and selected microsatellites, identified a region of near 13 cM in chromosome 20 as the best candidate to harbour the causative mutation. After exome sequencing and filtering of variants, only one predicted deleterious variant in the NCOA3 gene (NM_181659, c.2810C &gt; G; p.Ser937Cys) fit in with our linkage data. RT-PCR, immunostaining and in situ hybridization showed expression of ncoa3 in the inner ear of mice and zebrafish. We generated a stable homozygous zebrafish mutant line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. ncoa3−/− did not display any major morphological abnormalities in the ear, however, anterior macular hair cells showed altered orientation. Surprisingly, chondrocytes forming the ear cartilage showed abnormal behaviour in ncoa3−/−, detaching from their location, invading the ear canal and blocking the cristae. Adult mutants displayed accumulation of denser material wrapping the otoliths of ncoa3−/− and increased bone mineral density. Altered zebrafish swimming behaviour corroborates a potential role of ncoa3 in hearing loss. In conclusion, we identified a potential candidate gene to explain hereditary hearing loss, and our functional analyses suggest subtle and abnormal skeletal behaviour as mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of progressive sensory function impairment.
A Decolonial Theory of Religion: Race, Coloniality, and Secularity in the Americas
Authors: Yountae An 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article offers a transatlantic, decolonial theory (or method for the study) of religion by insisting on the need to resituate the Americas and the transatlantic historical experience as primary sites for theorizing modern religion. Despite the surging interest in decolonial theory, its concrete connection with key topics and issues in the field of religious studies has not been systematically theorized, while decolonial theorists working outside the field of religious studies show little or no interest in the formative role of religion in the constitution of the system of modernity/coloniality. This article seeks to build a cohesive framework for a decolonial theory of religion in conversation with various decolonial, anti-racist thinkers writing from Latin American, Caribbean, and US contexts. By pointing at secularity as a key element of modernity/coloniality, the medium through which religion enacts coloniality, it raises critical questions regarding method and theory in the study of Latin American/Caribbean religions.
Progressive emergence of an S153F plus R263K combination of integrase mutations in the proviral DNA of one individual successfully treated with dolutegravir
Authors: Pham Hanh T , Alves Brunna M , Yoo Sunbin , Xiao Meng A , Leng Jing , Quashie Peter K , Soares Esmeralda A , Routy Jean-Pierre , Soares Marcelo A , Mesplède Thibault 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The development of HIV drug resistance against the integrase strand transfer inhibitor dolutegravir is rare. We report here the transient detection, by near full-genome ultradeep sequencing, of minority HIV-1 subtype B variants bearing the S153F and R263K integrase substitutions in the proviral DNA from blood cells of one patient who successfully initiated dolutegravir-based ART, over 24 weeks. Our objective was to study the effects of these substitutions.

Methods
Strand transfer and DNA-binding activities of recombinant integrase proteins were measured in cell-free assays. Cell-based resistance, infectivity and replicative capacities were measured using molecular clones. Structural modelling was performed to understand experimental results.

Results
R263K emerged first, followed by the addition of S153F at Week 12. By Week 24, both mutations remained present, but at lower prevalence. We confirmed the coexistence of S153F and R263K on single viral genomes. Combining S153F or S153Y with R263K decreased integration and viral replicative capacity and conferred high levels of drug resistance against all integrase inhibitors. Alone, S153Y and S153F did little to infectivity or dolutegravir resistance. We identified altered DNA binding as a mechanism of resistance. The patient remained with undetectable viral loads at all timepoints.

Conclusions
Drug-resistant minority variants have often been reported under suppressive ART. Our study adds to these observations by unravelling a progression towards higher levels of resistance through a novel pathway despite continuous undetectable viral loads. Poorly replicative HIV drug-resistant minority proviral variants did not compromise viral suppression in one individual treated with dolutegravir.
Fourteen ways of looking back at the Treaty of Versailles†
Authors: Kritsiotis Dino 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:
This article examines the idea of the Treaty of Versailles as a readily quantifiable corpus of provisions as set down in a readily identifiable document that was signed at the Palace of Versailles on 28 June 1919. It does so by recalling the pre-history to that peace that stretches as far back as US President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points of January 1918, for the German Government accepted these Fourteen Points as well as subsequent pronouncements of President Wilson as the basis for the peace that ended the Great War. Through a close engagement with diplomatic correspondence from October and November 1918, the article considers how impressions came to form that a ‘contract’ had been made with the enemy (John Maynard Keynes) by the time of the Armistice of Compiègne of November 1918—an apparent ‘charter for our future activity’ (Harold Nicolson) or a localized lex pacificatoria for its time. The article explores the amenability of each of the Fourteen Points to international normativity and, in its final section, it provides a broader account of how this set of positions shaped Germany’s official response to the draft treaty (‘Observations of the German Delegation on the Conditions of Peace’) that was released in May 1919.