bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of Two Commercial Lateral Flow Devices for the Detection of Peanut Proteins in Cookies: Interlaboratory Study
Authors: van Hengel Arjon J , Capelletti Claudia , Brohee Marcel , Anklam Elke , Baumgartner M-C S ,   Collaborators:, Abbott M , Baumgartner S , Bremer M , Clarke D , Cleroux C , Demeulemester C , Eckhart F , Gelencser E , Hefle S , Herrnegger H , Hörtner H , Kyriakidis S , Lowe R , Marx G , Mayer W , Paschke A , Robert M-C , Schneede K , Sherlock R , Suter D , Warner K , Werner M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Results are reported for an interlaboratory validation study of 2 commercially available lateral flow devices (dipstick tests) designed to detect peanut residues in food matrixes. The test samples used in this study were cookies containing peanuts at 7 different concentrations in the range of 030 mg peanuts/kg food matrix. The test samples with sufficient and proven homogeneity were prepared in our laboratory. The analyses of the samples (5 times per level by each laboratory) were performed by 18 laboratories worldwide, which submitted a total of 1260 analytical results. One laboratory was found to be an outlier for one of the test kits. In general, both test kits performed well. However, some false-negative results were reported for all matrixes containing &lt;21 mg peanuts/kg cookie. It must be stressed that the test kits were challenged beyond their cut-off limits (5 mg/kg, depending on the food matrix). One test kit showed fewer false-negative results, but it led to some false-positive results for the blank materials. The sensitivity of the dipstick tests approaches that achieved with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
The Use of Biosensor and Microarray Techniques in the Rapid Detection and Identification of Salmonellae
Authors: Goldschmidt Millicent C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The ever-present need for rapid and sensitive assay methods to detect foodborne pathogens, particularly the salmonellae, has led to increased incorporation of biosensor technology into microarray and other platforms. The use ofmimetics and aptamers has been added to these procedures. Nanoparticles, particularly incorporating fluorophores and quantum dots into various procedures, have decreased the size of instrumentation while increasing automation, sensitivity, and rapidity of results. This article will deal mainly with assays involving the salmonellae.
Alternative Methodology for the Analysis of Progesterone, Testosterone, and Epi-Testosterone in Bovine Liver and Veal Muscle
Authors: Fedeniuk Rick W , West Michelle , Gedir Ron , Mizuno Massey , Neiser Constance , MacNeil James D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Research has shown that traditional solvent extraction procedures used for the analysis of endogenous steroids often give inconsistent recoveries and results. However, a single-laboratory validation of a liquid chromatography/tandemmass specrometry method using 2 product ions per transition for progesterone, testosterone, and epi-testosterone in bovine liver and veal muscle showed accuracy and precision to within 23 at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 g/kg. Homogenized samples were pretreated with methanol to denature endogenous enzymes. Following removal of methanol, samples were treated overnight with Helix pomatia -glucuronidase to deconjugate glucuronide conjugates. Alkali digestion of the samples in KOH solutions was done under shaking at 37C for 30 min. The digestate was extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether, and the extracts were cleaned by partitioning between acetonitrilehexane, followed by solid-phase extraction cleanup on silica cartridges. In bovine liver, average recoveries exceeded 54 for all analytes, and the within-run assay coefficients of variations were &lt;6 and 13 for high (2.0 g/kg) and low (0.3 g/kg) analyte concentrations, respectively. In veal muscle, average recoveries exceeded 60, and the analysis of blind spikes gave accuracy estimates of over 85, with coefficients of variation (CVs) &lt;15 for all analytes. The CVs for the multiple reaction monitoring ion ratios for all compounds were &lt;22for all validation data. The method meets the requirements for confirmatory methods as outlined in 2002/657/EC. An analyst is capable of processing up to 20 samples within 5 days.
Detection of Genetic Modification in Cured Tobacco Leaf: Proficiency Testing Using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Methods
Authors: Gadani Ferruccio , Ward Martin , Black Sue , Harris Neil , McDowell David , Boley Nick 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA; Paris, France) Task Force Genetically Modified TobaccoDetection Methods investigated the performance of qualitative and quantitative methods based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection and quantitation of genetically modified (GM) tobacco. In the 4 successful rounds of proficiency testing, the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA promoter (CaMV 35S) and the Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase terminator (NOS) were selected as target sequences. Blind-coded reference materials containing from 0.1 to 5.0% and from 0.15 to 4% GM tobacco were used in 2 rounds of qualitative and quantitative PCR, respectively. Eighteen laboratories from 10 countries participated in this study. Considering all methods and 2 rounds, the different laboratories were able to detect GM tobacco at the 0.1% level in 46 out of 58 tests in qualitative assays. The results of the proficiency test indicate that both end point screening and real-time quantitative methods are suitable for the detection of genetically modified organisms in tobacco leaf samples having a GM content of 0.1% or higher. The CORESTA proficiency study represents a first step towards the interlaboratory evaluation of accuracy and precision of PCR-based GM tobacco detection, which may lead to the harmonization of analytical procedures and to the enhancement of comparability of testing results produced by different laboratories.
Determination of Semicarbazide in Baby Food by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Interlaboratory Validation Study
Authors: Ginn Richard , Wilson Lesley , De Souza Scheilla V C , Dela Calle Maria B ,   Collaborators:, Barbosa J , Berendsen B , Bockhorn I , Brandtner M , Delahaut P , Doering T , Fuerst P , Griffin C , Gude T , Janosi A , Jaus A , Kennedy G , Mandix M , Matencio Hilla E , Plonevez S , Posyniak A , Saari L , van Bruijnsvoort M , Verdon E , Wohlfarth R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An interlaboratory validation study funded by the European Commission, Directorate General for Health and Consumer Protection (DG SANCO), was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the determination of semicarbazide (SEM) in different types of baby food at a possible future European regulatory limit (10 ng/g). The test portion of the sample was extracted with hydrochloric acid, and the analyte was derivatized with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, with 1,2-[15N2, 13C] SEM as an internal standard. The extract was neutralized and then purified on a solid-phase extraction cartridge. The SEM was determined by reversed-phase LC with detection by MS/MS. Apple puree, rice pudding, and meat/vegetable meal baby food materials, spiked with SEM at levels of about 3, 10, and 30 ng/g, respectively, were sent to 20 laboratories in 12 different European countries, which submitted results from 17 participants. Recoveries ranged from 88.8 to 106.1%. Based on results for spiked samples (blind pairs at 3 levels), the relative standard deviations for repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 4.2 to 6.9% and the relative standard deviations for reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 16.6 to 24.3%. The method showed acceptable within- and between-laboratory precision for all 3 matrixes, as evidenced by HorRat values, at the target levels for the determination of SEM.
Quantification of Proteins in Dairy Products Using an Optical Biosensor
Authors: Dupont Didier , Muller-Renaud StÉphanie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Two recent techniques using optical immunosensor technology were developed for the quantification of milk proteins in dairy products. The first application is the simultaneous quantification of the 3 major caseins (αS1, β, and κ). This assay consists of a 2-step sandwich strategy, with 2 monoclonal antibodies directed against the N- and C-terminal extremities of each of the caseins, respectively. This strategy permits only intact caseins to be quantified, and not their degradation products. The technique is fast (10 min), sensitive (detection limit about 0.87 μg/mL), and has been applied successfully to raw and drinking milks. In the second application, the severity of the heat treatment sustained by a milk of unknown origin is determined by quantifying separately the native and heat-denatured forms of α-lactalbumin with specific monoclonal antibodies. The technique allows discrimination of the different heat treatments studied (pasteurization, direct and indirect ultra-high temperature, sterilization), is fast (4 min), repeatable, fully automated, and requires no pretreatment of the milk sample.
Determination of Minor Proteins of Bovine Milk and Colostrum by Optical Biosensor Analysis
Authors: Indyk Harvey E , Filonzi Enrico L , Gapper Leyton W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Automated, rapid, sensitive, and label-free biosensor-based immunoassays for immunoglobulin G (IgG), folate binding protein, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase in bovine milk using surface plasmon resonance optical detection with direct binding assay format are described. Samples are prepared for analysis by direct dilution into buffer. Analysis conditions, including ligand immobilization, flow rate, contact time, and regeneration are defined and nonspecific binding considerations evaluated. The technique has been applied to the measurement of these proteins in consumer milks, colostrum, milk products, and infant formulas, and their temporal change during early bovine lactation followed.
Determination of Moisture, Starch, Protein, and Fat in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Hermida MarÍa , Rodriguez Natalia , Rodriguez-Otero Jose L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The presence of moisture, starch, protein, and fat was determined in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy without any previous sample pretreatment except grinding. A set of 96 samples was used to calibrate the instrument by modified partial least-squares regression. The following statistical results were achieved: standard error of calibration (SEC) = 0.31 and square correlation coefficient (R2) = 0.96 for moisture; SEC = 0.76 and R2 = 0.92 for starch; SEC = 0.39 and R2 = 0.98 for protein; and SEC = 0.14 and R2 = 0.80 for fat. To validate the calibration, a set of 25 bean samples was used. Standard errors of prediction were 0.39, 0.90, 0.56, and 0.13 for moisture, starch, protein, and fat, respectively, and R2 for the regression of measurements by the reference method versus NIR analysis were 0.94, 0.88, 0.94, and 0.74 for moisture, starch, protein, and fat, respectively. To compare the results obtained for all 4 components of the validation set by NIR spectroscopy with those obtained by the reference methods, linear regression and paired t tests were applied, and the methods did not give significantly different results, P = 0.05.
Residue Determination of Captan and Folpet in Vegetable Samples by Gas Chromatography/Negative Chemical IonizationMass Spectrometry
Authors: Barreda Mercedes , LÓpez Francisco J , Villarroya Mercedes , Beltran Joaquim , García-Baudín Jose Mara , HernÁndez Felix 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas chromatography/negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (GC/NCI-MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of the fungicides captan and folpet in khaki (persimmon; flesh and peel) and cauliflower. Samples were extracted with acetone in the presence of 0.1 M zinc acetate solution in order to avoid degradation of fungicides and were purified using solid-phase extraction with divinylbenzene polymeric cartridges. Purified extracts were evaporated and dissolved in hexane prior to injection into the GC/NCI-MS system. Isotope-labeled captan and folpet were used as surrogate/internal standards, and quantification was performed using matrix-matched calibration. The method showed linear response in the concentration range tested (50-2500 ng/mL). The method was fully validated with untreated blank samples of khaki (flesh and peel) and cauliflower spiked at 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg. Satisfactory recoveries between 82 and 106% and relative standard deviations lower than 11% in all cases (n = 5) were obtained. The limit of detection for both compounds were estimated to be 0.01 mg/kg. The developed method has been applied to treated and untreated samples collected from residue trials.
Determination of Abamectin, Doramectin, Emamectin, Eprinomectin, Ivermectin, and Moxidectin in Milk by Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Tandem Mass Specrometry
Authors: Sheridan Robert , Desjardins Lucille 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The avermectin and milbemycin families of compounds are derived from naturally occurring yeasts. They have proven to be potent preventatives against a variety of pests such as insects and parasites. Only eprinomectin and moxidectin are currently approved for use on lactating cattle with tolerances in milk of 12 μg/kg for eprinomectin and 40 μg/kg for moxidectin. Detection of misuse or inadvertent contamination in milk requires a sensitive and definitive analytical method. A method has been developed for the determination of 5 avermectins and 1 milbemycin in milk using a simple liquidliquid extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. Ivermectin (IVR), doramectin (DOR), abamectin (ABA), eprinomectin (EPR), emamectin (EMA), and moxidectin (MOX) were extracted from whole milk by partitioning into acetonitrile with a subsequent solvent exchange into methanolwater. Simultaneous confirmation and quantification were achieved with LC separation, positive electrospray ionization (ESI+), and MS/MS. The limits of detection ranged from 16 pg/g (ppt) for EMA to 1.7 μg/g (ppb) for MOX.
Quantification of Tamoxifen and Metabolites and Soy Isoflavones in Human Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography with Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Williams Lee D , Twaddle Nathan C , Churchwell Mona I , Doerge Daniel R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Tamoxifen is an important estrogen receptor antagonist used successfully for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. The use of complementary and alternative medicines is an increasingly popular means for patients to participate in their own health care, and soy products, which contain phytoestrogens, have been widely promoted for possible beneficial effects on menopausal symptoms. The possibility that soy isoflavones could reduce tamoxifen efficacy has been demonstrated in animal models of post-menopausal breast cancer, but the occurrence of such an effect in women has not been explored. This paper describes the development and validation of a sensitive method using solid-phase extraction and isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring for the concurrent analysis of the major soy isoflavones (genistein and daidzein), an important metabolite of daidzein (equol), tamoxifen, and its important metabolites (4-hydroxytamoxifen, N-desmethyltamoxifen, and 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen or endoxifen) in the serum of rats and women. The limits of quantification achieved are sufficient to determine accurately and precisely the concentrations of all of these analytes in women consuming soy foods and/or therapeutic doses of tamoxifen at levels consistent with modulation of estrogen receptor-mediated functions. These procedures enable future investigations of the possible impact of diet on the outcome of breast cancer therapy.
Nuclear Receptors: Potential Biomarkers for Assessing Physiological Functions of Soy Proteins and Phytoestrogens
Authors: Xiao Chao Wu , Wood Carla , Gilani G Sarwar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Soy consumption is associated with decreased incidence of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetes, osteoporosis, and certain types of cancers. However, consumption of high amounts of soy isoflavones may adversely influence endocrine functions, such as thyroid function and reproductive performance, because of their structural similarity to endogenous estrogens. Nuclear receptors are a group of transcription factors that play critical roles in the regulation of gene expression and physiological functions through direct interaction with target genes. Modulation of the abundance of these receptors, such as changing their gene expression, alters the sensitivity of the target cells or tissues to the stimulation of ligands, and eventually affects the relevant physiological functions, such as growth, development, osteogenesis, immune response, lipogenesis, reproductive process, and anticarcinogenesis. A number of studies have shown that the bioactive components in soy can modify the expression of these receptors in various tissues and cancer cells, which is believed to be a key intracellular mechanism by which soy components affect physiological functions. This review summarizes the current understanding of the modulation of nuclear receptors by soy proteins and isoflavones, and focuses especially on the receptors for estrogens, progesterone, androgen, vitamin D, retinoic acid, and thyroid hormones as well as the potential impact on physiological functions.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Sennosides in Cassia angustifolia Leaves
Authors: Srivastava Alpana , Pandey Richa , Verma Ram K , Gupta Madan M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of sennosides B and A in leaves of Cassia angustifolia. These compounds were extracted from leaves with a mixture of methanolwater (70 + 30, v/v) after defatting with hexane. Analyte separation and quantitation were achieved by gradient reversed-phase liquid chromatography and UV absorbance at 270 nm using a photodiode array detector. The method involves the use of an RP-18 Lichrocart reversed-phase column (5 μm, 125 × 4.0 mm id) and a binary gradient mobile-phase profile. The various other aspects of analysis, namely, peak purity, similarity, recovery, repeatability, and robustness, were validated. Average recoveries of 98.5 and 98.6%, with a coefficient of variation of 0.8 and 0.3%, were obtained by spiking sample solution with 3 different concentration solutions of standards (60, 100, and 200 μg/mL). Detection limits were 10 μg/mL for sennoside B and 35 μg/ML for sennoside A, present in the sample solution. The quantitation limits were 28 and 100 μg/mL. The analytical method was applied to a large number of senna leaf samples. The new method provides a reliable tool for rapid screening of C. angustifolia samples in large numbers, which is needed in breeding/genetic engineering and genetic mapping experiments.
Stability-Indicating Methods for the Determination of Disopyramide Phosphate
Authors: Salem Maissa Y , Ramadan Nesrin K , Moustafa Azza A , El-Bardicy Mohamed G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Four methods were developed for the determination of intact disopyramide phosphate in the presence of its degradation product. In the first and second methods, third-derivative spectrophotometry and first derivative of the ratio spectra were used. For the third-derivative spectrophotometric method, the peak amplitude was measured at 272 nm, while for the derivative ratio spectrophotometric method, disopyramide phosphate was determined by measuring the peak amplitude at 248 and 273 nm. Both methods were used for the determination of disopyramide phosphate in the concentration range 12.587.5 μg/mL, with corresponding mean recovery 100.8 ± 0.7% for the first method and 99.9 ± 0.7% and 99.6 ± 0.7% for the second method at 248 and 273 nm, respectively. In the third method, an ion selective electrode (ISE) was fabricated using phosphotungstic acid as an anionic exchanger, PVC as the polymer matrix, and dibutylsebacate as a plasticizer. The ISE was used for the determination of disopyramide phosphate in pure powder form in the concentration range 10-210-5 M. The slope was found to be 58.5 (mV/decade), and the average recovery was 99.9 ± 1.6%. The fourth method depended on the quantitative densitometric determination of the drug in concentration range of 0.252.5 μg/spot using silica gel 60 F245 plates and ethyl acetatechloroformammonium hydroxide (85 + 10 + 5, v/v/v) as the mobile phase, with corresponding mean accuracy of 100.3 1.1%. The 4 proposed methods were found to be specific for disopyramide phosphate in presence of up to 80% of its degradation product for the spectrophotometric methods, 90% of its degradation for the densitometric method, and 40% for the ISE method. The 4 proposed procedures were successfully applied for the determination of disopyramide phosphate in Norpace capsules. Statistical comparison between the results obtained by these methods and the official method of the drug was done, and no significant differences were found.
Spectrofluorometric Determination of Citalopram in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Spiked Human Plasma Using Organized Media
Authors: El-Sherbiny Dina T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The native fluorescence of citalopram (CIT) was (obtained in citrate buffer of pH 6.5 with and without β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as fluorescence enhancers at 305 nm using 242 nm for excitation. Micellar systems of ionic and nonionic surfactants were investigated by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the analyte-surfactant system. In slightly acidic aqueous solution of pH 6.5, CIT was better incorporated in CDs and SDS micelles. The luminescence emission from CIT was found to be greatly enhanced by SDS micelles. The fluorescence intensity enhancements in CDs medium and in SDS as ionic surfactant relative to slightly acidic aqueous solution were 125 and 250%, respectively. Organized media-enhanced spectroflourometric methods were developed for the determination of CIT, in pure form as well as in pharmaceutical preparations. The fluorescence intensity-concentration plots were rectilinear over the ranges 0.06 to 0.64, 0.04 to 0.40, and 0.02 to 0.26 μg/mL with lower detection limits of 0.02, 0.01, and 0.007 μg/mL, either in citrate buffer only or in β-CD and SDS as organized media, respectively. Furthermore, the high sensitivity attained by using SDS as organized medium allowed in vitro spectrofluorometric determination of CIT in spiked human plasma. Interference from endogenous amino acids has been overcome by using the solid-phase extraction technique; the mean recovery (n = 5) was 100.1 ± 0.8%