bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engagement in Different Sport Disciplines During University Years and Risk of Locomotive Syndrome in Older Age: J-Fit+ Study
Authors: Shen Shaoshuai , Suzuki Koya , Kohmura Yoshimitsu , Fuku Noriyuki , Someya Yuki , Naito Hisashi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Among former Olympic-level athletes, engagement in different sport disciplines is associated with reduced mortality risk in subsequent years. However, limited evidence is available on whether engagement in different sport disciplines at a young age is associated with locomotive syndrome (LS) risk later in life. This study examined the relationship between engagement in different sport disciplines during university years and LS risk in older age among former university athletes.Methods: Participants were 274 middle-aged and 294 older men alumni who graduated from a school of physical education in Japan. Data on university sports participation and club membership as well as LS risk were collected using questionnaires. University clubs were classified into three groups of cardiovascular intensity (low, moderate, high), following the classification system of sport disciplines by the American College of Cardiology. This classification considers the static and dynamic component of an activity, which correspond to the estimated percent of maximal voluntary contraction reached and to that of maximal oxygen uptake achieved, respectively. University clubs were grouped based on the risk of bodily collision (no, yes) and extent of physical contact (low, moderate, high). Relationships between engagement in different sport disciplines and LS risk were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for relative risks.Results: Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals associated with the low, moderate, and high cardiovascular intensity sports were 1.00 (reference), 0.48 (0.22-1.06, P = 0.07), and 0.44 (0.20-0.97, P = 0.04) in older men, respectively; however, there was no significant association between these parameters among middle-aged men. Engagement in sports associated with physical contact and collision did not affect LS risk in either group.Conclusions: Engagement in sports associated with high cardiovascular intensity during university years may reduce the risk of LS in later life. Encouraging young people to participate in such activities might help reduce LS prevalence among older populations.
Current State of Three-Dimensional Printing for Simulation Training of Interventional Radiology Trainees
Authors: Tenewitz Chase , Le Rebecca , Hernandez Mauricio , Baig Saif , Meyer Travis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this review was to assess the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing in interventional radiology (IR) simulation experiences.Materials and Methods: A literature query was conducted in April 2020 for articles discussing 3D printing for simulations in numerous library databases using various search terms.Results: While trainee feedback is generally supportive of 3D printing within the field of IR, current applications utilizing 3D printed models are heterogeneous, reflecting a lack of best practices standards in the realm of medical education.Conclusions: Presently available literature endorses the use of 3D printing within IR. 3D printing has the potential to expand within the field, as it offers a straightforward, sustainable, and reproducible means for hands-on training that ought to be standardized.
The Preconditioning of Lithium promotes Mesenchymal Stem Cell Based Therapy for the Degenerated Intervertebral Disc via Upregulating Cellular ROS
Authors: Zhu Zemin , Xing Hongyuan , Tang Ruofu , Qian Shengjun , He Shaoqi , Hu Qiang , Zhang Ning 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAdipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) is one of the most widely used candidate cell for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. However, the poor survival and low differentiation efficacy in stressed host microenvironment limit the therapeutic effects of cell therapy. The preconditioning has been found effective to boost the proliferation and the functioning of stem cells in varying pathological condition. Lithium is a common anti-depression drug and has been proved effective to enhance stem cell functioning. In this study, the effects of preconditioning using LiCl on the cellular behavior of ADSC was investigated, and specially in a degenerative IVD-like condition.MethodThe cellular toxicity on ADSC was assessed by detecting lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production after treatment with a varying concentration of lithium chloride (LiCl). The proliferative capacity of ADSC was determined by detecting Ki67 expression and the relative cell number of ADSC. Then, the preconditioned ADSC was challenged by a degenerative IVD-like condition. Meanwhile the cell viability and the nucleus pulpous (NP) cell differentiation efficacy of preconditioned ADSC were evaluated by detecting the major markers expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposit.ResultsA concentration range of 1-10 mmol/L of LiCl was applied in the following study, since a higher concentration of LiCl causes a major cell death (about 40%). The relative cell number was similar between preconditioned groups and the control group after preconditioning. The Ki67 expression was elevated after preconditioning. Consistently, the preconditioned ADSC showed stronger proliferation capacity. Besides, the preconditioned groups exhibit higher expression of NP markers than the control group after NP cell induction. Moreover, the preconditioning of LiCl reduced the cell death and promoted ECM deposits, when challenged with a degenerative IVD-like culture. Mechanically, the preconditioning of LiCl induced an increased cellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) level, which was found closely related to the enhanced cell survival and ECM deposits after preconditioning.ConclusionThese results suggest that the preconditioning with a medium level of LiCl boosts the cell proliferation and differentiation efficacy under a normal or hostile culture condition via upregulating cellular ROS level. It is a promising pre-treatment of ADSC to promote the cell functioning and the following regenerative capacity.
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment increases intestinal stem cell proliferation through mTORc1 signaling in Mus musculus
Authors: casanova ignacio , Peña-Villalobos Isaac , Arancibia-Altamirano David , Lois Pablo , Palma Verónica 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has been used for more than a decade to treat diverse diseases like diabetic foot ulcers and ischemic injuries. More recently, HBOT has been reported to modulate proliferation of neural and intestinal stem cell populations, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are not completely understood. Objective: In this study we aimed to determine HBOT stem cell modulation by evaluating in particular the role of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORc1), a key regulator of cell metabolism that modifies its activity depending on oxygen levels, as a potential mediator of HBOT in murine intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Methods: Mouse were exposed to 10 or 20 HBOT sessions and the proliferation of the ISCs were analyzed by immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry using the specific ISCs marker, Olfm4. The regulation of HBOT and mTORc1 pathway was analyzed through S6K1 phosphorylation by western-blot and through the inhibition by rapamycin. Results: We discovered that acute HBOT can increase proliferation of ISCs in a synchronous fashion without affecting the animal’s oxidative metabolism. Noteworthy, the mTORc1 inhibitor rapamycin also increases the proliferation of ISCs. This effect has been attributed to its capacity to mimic a caloric restriction (CR). Interestingly, the combination of HBOT and rapamycin does not have a synergic effect. Nevertheless, HBOT can recover rapamycin induced mTORc1 inhibition, possibly acting through a competitive modulation on mTORC1. Conclusions: Collectively, our results suggest that HBOT proliferative effect on ISCs is modulated by mTORc1 signaling representing a promising new approach to treat intestinal conditions.
Different Dosage Regimens of Eptinezumab for the Treatment of Migraine: A Meta-Analysis from Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yan Zeya , Xue Tao , Chen Shujun , Wu Xin , Yang Xingyu , Liu Guangjie , Gao Shan , Chen Zhouqing , Wang Zhong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMigraine is one of the most common neurological diseases around the world and calcitonin gene-related peptide（CGRP）plays an important role in its pathophysiology. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies blocking the CGRP ligand or receptor in episodic and chronic migraine. ObjectiveThe objective of our study is implementing a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of eptinezumab for the treatment of migraine compared with placebo.MethodWe searched the Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Clinicaltrials.gov for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which were performed to evaluate eptinezumab versus placebo for migraine up to September 2020. The data was assessed by Review Manager 5.3 software. The risk ratio (RR) and standard mean difference (SMD) were analyzed using dichotomous outcomes and continuous outcomes respectively with a random effect model.ResultWe collected 2,739 patients from 4 RCTs: the primary endpoint of efficacy was the change from baseline to week 12 in mean monthly migraine days (MMDs). We found that eptinezumab (30mg，100mg，300mg) led to a significant reduction in MMDs (P=0.0001,P < 0.00001, P < 0.00001) during 12 weeks compared with placebo, especially with 300mg. For the safety, we compared and concluded the treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) of the 4 RCTs. This indicated no evident statistical difference between eptinezumab and placebo.ConclusionsIn the present study, we found that eptinezumab is safe and has significant efficacy in the treatment of migraine, especially the dose of 300 mg.
Batch Extraction of Tree Stem From Natural Forest Based on Terrestrial Laser Scanning
Authors: Zhang Jianpeng , Wang Jinliang , Ma Weifeng , Liu Yicheng , Liu Qianwei , Zhang Zhiyan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Aiming at the problems of low accuracy of tree stem extraction from point cloud data of natural forest and poor universality, a method for batch extraction of tree stem from natural forest point cloud data based on terrestrial laser scanning is proposed.Methods: First, the principal component analysis method is used to calculate the point cloud eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and the information entropy is minimized as a constraint to achieve the best neighborhood scale selection; Then combined with the spatial distribution features of the three-dimensional forest, using the Z-axis component of normal vector as the feature variable, the threshold method is used to filter out a large number of non-stem point clouds, and the 3D features are used for rough extraction of tree stem point cloud; Finally, density clustering is used to realize the precise extraction of tree stem point cloud. Results: Select the two typical representative natural forest sample plots of Pinus densata Mast. and Picea asperata Mast. in Shangri-La as the experimental data to extract stem. All the stem of the two natural forest sample plots were detected and extracted. Using the extracted individual tree stem point cloud and the true tree stem point cloud for correlation analysis, the R2 of the Pinus densata Mast. sample plot was 0.990, and the R2 of the Picea asperata Mast. sample plot with a more complex growth environment was 0.982. Conclusions: The results show that this method can well achieve batch extraction of tree stem point cloud from natural forest, and has the characteristics of high extraction accuracy and strong adaptability.
COPD is not associated with a poor prognosis in COVID-19
Authors: An Tai Joon , Kim Youlim , Park Yong Bum , Kim Kyungjoo , Cho Do Yeon , Yoo Kwang-Ha , Rhee Chin Kook 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic. The effect of underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on COVID-19 is controversial. We set this study to examine the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 according to the underlying COPD.Methods: COVID-19 patients were assessed using nationwide health insurance data. COPD patients were operationally defined. Comorbidities were evaluated by using the modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (mCCI) which excluded the factors of COPD from conventional CCI scores. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19, such as mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission, were assessed. Subgroup analysis about the effect of inhaled corticosteroid of COPD patients on COVID-19 was performed.Results: COPD group were older (71.3±11.6 vs. 47.7±19.1, p < 0.001) and have higher CCI scores (2.6±1.9 vs. 0.8±1.3, p < 0.001) than non-COPD group. Mortality was higher in COPD groups than in non-COPD group (22.9% vs. 3.2%, p < 0.001). The ICU admission rate and hospital LOS were not significantly different between the two groups. In univariate analysis, ages, male sex, mCCI, socioeconomic status, and underlying COPD were associated with mortality. In multivariate analysis, underlying COPD was not associated with mortality after adjusted. On the other hand, other variables are still associated with mortality. Older ages (odds ratio [OR] 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.14; p < 0.001), male sex (OR 2.29; 95% CI 1.67–3.12; p < 0.001), higher mCCI (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.20–1.41; p < 0.001), and medical aid insurance (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.03–2.32; p = 0.035) were associated with mortality of COVID-19. Underlying COPD was also not associated with hospital LOS and ICU admission rates in the adjusted analyses. In the subgroup analysis, there was no significant difference between the ICS user and nonuser including mortality and hospital LOS. In the adjusted analyses, the use of ICS in COPD patients was not associated with mortality and hospital LOS in COVID-19.Conclusions: Mortality, hospital LOS, and ICU admission rate were not associated with underlying COPD in COVID-19.
The Role of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Outbreak Maps on the Internet in the Prediction and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Cao yufang , Qiu Rui , Ji Chao , Wu Zhidian , Yang Yijun , Zhang Yingai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundA novel coronavirus (2019-nCOV) has attracted worldwide attention since December 2019 when it appeared in Wuhan, China. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause respiratory distress syndrome or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and be life-threatening. Covid-19 incidence can be reduced by using an outbreak map based on Geoinformatics. MethodsThis article introduces geographic mapping on the Internet and uses epidemic maps such as rank circles, choropleth rendering, overlay analysis and animation and other technologies to guide people’s behavior, reduce entry into areas with severe epidemics, and prevent new crowd infections. ResultsBy using various epidemic maps, households can reduce the access of people to the epidemic area (especially travellers to potentially at-risk areas), reduce the possibility of COVID-19 infection, and facilitate the timely diagnosis and treatment of fevered patients or suspected COVID-19. In addition, public health managers can intuitively understand the dynamics of the epidemic and spatial analysis of trends in outbreak dynamics and COVID-19 patterns helped to assist the public health sector and to evaluate/revise current control measures. Conclusion﻿The purpose of these online epidemic data collect and visualize is to notify travellers and assist the public or to analyzing the spatial and current trends and patterns of COVID-19 for public health authorities in assessing/revising current control measures.
Effectiveness of Fiscal Federalism for Poverty Reduction in Nigeria: An Analysis of Federal and State Governments’ Expenditures
Authors: Megbowon Ebenezer Toyin , Aderoju Samuel , Sanusi Gbenga 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the sustained political and economic strategies that have been adopted by various countries over three decades to achieve the desired level of development is fiscal federalism. Through this economic development strategy, various levels of government within an economy have been involved in the pursuit of reducing poverty over the decades. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between government expenditure on poverty reduction with respect to federal and state government expenditures respectively. The study employed the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation technique to establish long-run relationship, and to examine the magnitude of the effect of federal and state government expenditures in both the short-run and long-run periods using time-series data for the period 1981 to 2018. Results obtained indicate that only state government expenditure has positive effect on poverty reduction in Nigeria. The findings of this study therefore support the need for greater decentralization and increase in fiscal expenditure responsibilities and strengthening revenue capability in favor of state governments, giving that achieving desired poverty reduction could be achieved through increased state government spending.JEL Classification: E62, H50, I30
Effect of metal decoration on sulfur-based gas molecules adsorption on phosphorene
Authors: Lei Shuangying , Gao Ran , Sun Xiaolong , Chen Jie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Using the first-principles calculation based on density functional theory (DFT), we systematically studied the adsorption of sulfur-based gas molecules (H2S, SO2, SO3) on various metal-decorated phosphorenes. To avoid the formation of metal clusters on the surface of phosphorene, eleven metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ni, La, Tl) with bulk cohesive energy less than the binding energy on the phosphorene are considered. Except for H2S on Tl-decorated phosphorene, all metal decorations can improve the adsorption strength of phosphorene to sulfur-based gas molecules, and Eads(H2S) < Eads(SO2) < Eads(SO3) for the same metal decoration case. In addition, some metal-decorated phosphorene systems exhibit interesting magnetic and electrical changes after sulfur-based gas molecule adsorptions, indicating that these metal-decorated phosphorene systems are promising to be used for the detection and removal of sulfur-based gas molecules.
Diarrhoeal diseases in Soweto, South Africa, 2020: a community survey
Authors: Johnstone Siobhan , Page Nicola , Madhi Shabir , Mutevedzi Portia , Myburgh Nellie , Herrera Carlos , Groome Michelle 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background In South Africa, there are limited data on the burden of diarrhoea at a community level, specifically in older children and adults. This community survey estimated rates of and risk factors for diarrhoea across all ages and determined the proportion of cases presenting to healthcare facilities. Methods Randomly sampled households were enrolled from an existing urban health and demographic surveillance site. A household representative was interviewed to determine risk factors and occurrence of diarrhoea in the household, for all household members, in the past two weeks (including symptoms and health seeking behaviour). Diarrhoeal rate of any severity was calculated for <5 years, 5-15 years and >15 years age groups. Risk factors for diarrhoea and factors associated with health seeking behaviour were investigated using binomial logistic regression. Results Diarrhoeal rate among respondents (2.5 episodes/person-year (95%CI, 1.8-3.5)) was significantly higher than for other household members (1.0 episodes/person-year (95%CI, 0.8-1.4); IRR=2.4 (95%CI, 1.5-3.7) p<0.001). Diarrhoeal rate was not significantly different between age groups, however younger children (<5 years) were more likely to present to healthcare facilities (OR=5.86 (95%CI, 1.09-31.37), p=0.039). Having a child between 5-15 years in the household was associated with diarrhoea (OR=2.26 (95% CI, 1.32-3.86), p=0.003). While 26.4% of cases sought healthcare, only 4.6% of cases were hospitalised and only 3.4% of cases had a stool specimen collected. Conclusion Diarrhoeal rate was high across all age groups in this community; however, older children and adults were less likely to present to healthcare, and are therefore underrepresented through facility-based clinical surveillance.
Telemedicine Use by Pediatric Rheumatologists during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pooni Rajdeep , Ronis Tova , Lee Tzielan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

To characterize various aspects of telemedicine use by pediatric rheumatology providers during the recent pandemic including provider acceptability of telehealth practices, clinical reliability, and clinical appropriateness.
Methods

An electronic survey was generated and disseminated amongst the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) listserv (n = 547). Survey items were analyzed via descriptive statistics by question and correlates amongst burnout and satisfaction with telemedicine were examined via ANOVA with appropriate statistical software.
Results

The survey response rate was 40.8% (n = 223) with the majority of respondents in an attending-level role. We observed that musculoskeletal components of the exam were rated as the most reliable components of a telemedicine exam and 85.6% of survey respondents reported engaging the patient or patient caregiver to help conduct the virtual exam. However, 63.5% of providers reported not being able to elicit the information needed from a telemedicine visit to make a complete clinical assessment. We also noted areas of disagreement regarding areas of patient engagement and confidentiality. We found that approximately one-third (33.5%) of those surveyed felt that their level of burnout was increased due to telemedicine.
Conclusion

In general, providers found exam reliability (specifically around focused musculoskeletal elements) in telemedicine visits but overall felt that they were unable to generate the information needed to generate a complete clinical assessment. Additionally, there were suggestions that patient engagement and confidentiality varied during telemedicine visits when compared to in-person clinical visits. Further qualitative work is needed to fully explore telemedicine use in pediatric rheumatology.