bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmosphere Models of Brown Dwarfs Irradiated by White Dwarfs: Analogs for Hot and Ultrahot Jupiters
Authors: Lothringer Joshua D. , Casewell Sarah L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Irradiated brown dwarfs (BDs) provide natural laboratories to test our understanding of substellar and irradiated atmospheres. A handful of short-period BDs around white dwarfs (WDs) have been observed, but the uniquely intense UV-dominated irradiation presents a modeling challenge. Here, we present the first fully self-consistent 1D atmosphere models that take into account the UV irradiation’s effect on the object's temperature structure. We explore two BD–WD systems, namely WD-0137-349 and EPIC-212235321. WD-0137-349B has an equilibrium temperature that would place it in the transition between hot and ultra-hot Jupiters, while EPIC-212235321B has an equilibrium temperature higher than all ultra-hot Jupiters except KELT-9b. We explore some peculiar aspects of irradiated BD atmospheres and show that existing photometry can be well-fit with our models. Additionally, the detections of atomic emission lines from these BDs can be explained by a strong irradiation-induced temperature inversion, similar to inversions recently explored in ultra-hot Jupiters. Our models of WD-0137-349B can reproduce the observed equivalent width of many but not all of these atomic lines. We use the observed photometry of these objects to retrieve the temperature structure using the PHOENIX ExoplaneT Retrieval Algorithm and demonstrate that the structures are consistent with our models, albeit somewhat cooler at low pressures. We then discuss the similarities and differences between this class of irradiated brown dwarf and the lower-mass ultra-hot Jupiters. Lastly, we describe the behavior of irradiated BDs in color–magnitude space to show the difficulty in using otherwise well-tested methods for isolated objects to classify irradiated BDs.
Deterministic Aspect of the γ-Ray Variability in Blazars
Authors: Bhatta Gopal , Pánis Radim , Stuchlík Zdeněk 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Linear time series analysis, mainly the Fourier transform-based methods, has been quite successful in extracting information contained in the ever-modulating light curves of active galactic nuclei, and thereby contribute in characterizing the general features of supermassive black hole systems. In particular, the statistical properties of γ-ray variability of blazars are found to be fairly represented by flicker noise in the temporal frequency domain. However, these conventional methods have not been able to fully encapsulate the richness and the complexity displayed in the light curves of the sources. In this work, to complement our previous study on a similar topic, we perform nonlinear time series analysis of the decade-long Fermi/LAT observations of 20 γ-ray bright blazars. The study is motivated to address one of the most relevant queries: whether the dominant dynamical processes leading to the observed γ-ray variability are of deterministic or stochastic nature. For the purpose, we perform recurrence quantification analysis of the blazars and directly measure the quantities, which suggest that the dynamical processes in blazars could be a combination of deterministic and stochastic processes, while some of the source light curves revealed significant deterministic content. The result, with possible implication of strong disk-jet connection in blazars, could prove to be significantly useful in constructing models that can explain the rich and complex multiwavelength observational features in active galactic nuclei. In addition, we estimate the dynamical timescales, so-called trapping timescales, in the order of a few weeks.
Nonuniversal Interstellar Density Spectra Probed by Pulsars
Authors: Xu Siyao , Zhang Bing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Galactic interstellar turbulence affects density distribution and star formation. We introduce a new method of measuring interstellar turbulent density spectra by using the dispersion measures (DMs) of a large sample of pulsars. Without the need of invoking multiple tracers, we obtain nonuniversal density spectra in the multiphase interstellar medium over different ranges of length scales. By comparing the analytical structure function of DMs with the observationally measured one in different areas of sky, we find a shallow density spectrum arising from the supersonic turbulence in cold interstellar phases, and a Kolmogorov-like density spectrum in the diffuse warm ionized medium (WIM). Both spectra extend up to hundreds of parsecs. On larger scales, we identify, for the first time, a steep density spectrum in the diffuse WIM extending up to several kiloparsecs. Our results show that the DMs of pulsars can provide unique new information on the interstellar turbulence.
Quelle biodiversité dans l’océan ?
Authors: Boeuf Gilles 
Published: December 2020

Nous avons ouvert, dans le numéro 437 de la revue (juillet-août), une série consacrée à l’océan, la mer, les littoraux et les diverses activités qui en dépendent. Denis Lacroix, qui coordonne cette série, y alertait sur les conséquences du changement climatique sur le niveau de la mer. Cette fois, c’est le biologiste Gilles Boeuf qui vient confirmer la nécessité de revoir au plus vite nos comportements pour éviter que ne s’aggrave la boucle infernale qui s’est mise en place entre changement climatique et pertes de biodiversité marine, modifications océaniques…, ces pertes et modifications ayant elles-mêmes un impact sur le climat. Après avoir présenté le rôle déterminant de l’océan dans l’apparition et l’évolution de la vie sur notre planète, Gilles Boeuf souligne ici les spécificités de la biodiversité marine et la richesse qu’elle abrite. Il montre aussi combien les activités humaines (surpêche, pollution, tourisme de masse…) altèrent cette biodiversité, et comment les transformations qu’elles induisent dans les océans jouent un rôle sur le changement climatique (la fameuse boucle). Alors que la plupart des espèces marines ont développé au fil des siècles de formidables capacités d’adaptation, de coopération, de symbiose, l’être humain semble avoir basculé dans l’attitude inverse, avec un risque désormais non négligeable d’autodestruction. Puisse cet article l’inciter, nous inciter, à inverser la tendance… S.D.
Introduction : les répertoires d’action répressifs en régime autoritaire
Authors: Cormier Paul , Erdinç Isil 
Published: December 2020

Le but de ce dossier est de croiser deux domaines de recherche en plein renouvellement : d’un côté, l’analyse de la répression politique et de ses acteurs et, de l’autre, la sociologie des régimes autoritaires. Malgré l’abondance de la littérature sur les régimes politiques, le maintien de l’ordre et les mobilisations en contexte autoritaire, le croisement de ces objets de recherche reste négligé. Il s’agit donc de conduire une sociologie au plus près d’un pan entier des pratiques des régimes autoritaires. Après avoir dressé un état de l’art de la littérature sur ces deux questions en esquissant des pistes de croisement, cette introduction propose de prendre appui sur la notion de « répertoire d’action » forgée par Charles Tilly et de la déplacer des protestataires vers les autorités pour analyser les répertoires d’action répressifs en régime autoritaire. Cette notion est en effet à même de rassembler et de donner un cadre commun à l’étude des dispositifs répressifs dans les différents contextes qui constituent les cas d’étude de ce dossier.
Les rapports socialement différenciés des publics jeunes à la participation politique en ligne
Authors: Boyadjian Julien 
Published: December 2020

Dans les travaux sur la participation politique en ligne, les jeunes apparaissent comme la catégorie la plus nombreuse et la plus active. Tout laisse ainsi à penser que le numérique constituerait un levier à l’engagement politique des jeunes, qui trouveraient avec les médias sociaux des outils ajustés à leurs engagements. Cet article propose de questionner cette hypothèse, à partir d’une enquête multiméthodes réalisée auprès de 1 370 jeunes, aux origines sociales diversifiées. Il apparaît que les jeunes qui participent politiquement en ligne ne constituent qu’une petite minorité, dont l’activisme dissimule des rapports plus contrariés et distants à la participation politique.
Le Credit agricole de la Côte-d’Or et sa permanente quête d’autonomie de 1914 à 1940
Authors: Guillemin Jean 
Published: December 2020

Le Crédit agricole de la Côte-d’Or nait à la fin du XIX e siècle à la suite d’initiatives locales, de l’action décisive du conseil général et d’un appui massif de l’Etat. Le pouvoir des dirigeants de ce nouvel organisme paraît bien contraint, pourtant ils s’affranchissent de l’assemblée du département et se montrent distants de la Caisse nationale de Crédit agricole qui représente l’Etat. Echappant aux vicissitudes financières des organisations agricoles durant les crises de l’entre-deux-guerres, l’entreprise est saine à l’issue des années 1930. Elle le doit à la forte personnalité de son président fondateur qui s’entoure de responsables du monde des affaires et applique une politique particulièrement rigoureuse qui lui permet de protéger la mutuelle, d’affirmer sa compétence et d’assurer son autonomie.
Les entreprises en campagne : Le capitalisme de connivence à l’aune du financement des campagnes électorales à l’île Maurice
Authors: Puygrenier Lucas 
Published: December 2020

Quelles factions du monde des affaires investissent – dans les deux sens du terme – la politique dans un pays en développement rapide comme l’île Maurice ? À travers l’étude du financement des campagnes électorales mauriciennes par les grandes entreprises, cet article s’oppose au modèle de l’État développemental et au postulat d’une autonomie du champ politique pour démontrer la présence de connivences spécifiques entre personnel politique et certains secteurs productifs de l’île. L’argument est que ces proximités différentielles entre élites s’expliquent d’une part par la constitution de relations État-entreprises dans le temps long, au sein d’un capitalisme « sédimenté », d’autre part par le besoin de certains groupes d’intérêt d’obtenir de l’État une distorsion du marché en leur faveur.
L’informatisation du dossier patient, une mise à l’épreuve du design collaboratif : résultats d’une étude de terrain menée entre 2013 et 2016
Authors: Gravereaux Clément 
Published: December 2020

Le présent article propose la restitution d’une étude de terrain conduite sur trois ans au sein de plusieurs établissements de santé privés dans un contexte de déploiement d’un outil métier numérique : le dossier patient informatisé. À partir des résultats obtenus de plusieurs matériaux d’enquête, nous analysons des phénomènes structurels, comportementaux et communicationnels qui œuvrent à la structuration collaborative de nouvelles formes d’organisation du travail alors perturbées par une « numérisation » des logiques d’actions. Ces processus de recomposition, de remise en forme de l’organisation, semblent produire de nouvelles modalités de construction de sens et de mise en forme du quotidien des acteurs. Le prisme du design collaboratif est alors utilisé pour appréhender les mécanismes de ces processus à travers des recompositions organisationnelles situées.
Van Neck–Odelberg disease: A rare cause of pain in pediatric pelvis
Authors: Camacho Daniel , Bernal Patricia , Cifuentes Luisa , Rivero Oscar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVan Neck-Odelberg disease or ischiopubic osteochondritis, is a rare cause of pain in the pediatric pelvis due to late closure in synchondrosis ischiopubic, whose main symptom is an asymmetric pain that can cause a limitation in movement or limp. The different characteristics by images from simple radiography, computed tomography, MRI and bone scintigraphy scan will increase certainty diagnosis and will allow the correct differential diagnosis with fractures, posttraumatic osteolysis, infections or tumors, that leads to unnecessary invasive procedures, this being a benign disease with an evolution and improvement that occurs in weeks or months with conservative treatment. A case of a 15-year-old boy who consulted our hospital with an extra-institutional diagnosis of right ischiopubic fracture. After being evaluated by different imaging methods, a diagnosis of Van Neck-Odelberg or ischiopubic osteochondritis was made.
Het papieren paleis
Authors: Barendrecht J.M. (Maurits) , Chabot M. (Maurits) 
Published: December 2020

Het papieren paleis
In Het Papieren Paleis laten wij zien dat het strafrecht volgens de spelregels van de wetboeken vaak niet doet wat nodig is. De zoektocht naar betere manieren om de strafdoelen te bereiken is volop aan de gang. Hier een voorproefje van waar het volgens het boek heen gaat.
Plasmodium falciparum Parasitaemia during Pregnancy and the Use of Malaria Prevention Methods by Women Attending Antenatal Consultation at the Regional Hospital Bamenda, Northwest Cameroon
Authors: Ebai Calvin Bisong , Ebongue Felicite Natacha Etindele , Lum Odelia Kwende-Tanjong , Musoro Jammbe Z. , Yamssi Cedric , Kimbi Helen Kuokuo 
Published: December 2020

Aims: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia in pregnant women and to identify the prevention methods used by pregnant women attending antenatal consultation (ANC) in the Regional Hospital Bamenda (RHB).
Study Design: This was a hospital based cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Regional Hospital Bamenda between April and May 2020.
Methodology: A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, history of pregnancy and the use of malaria prevention methods. Capillary blood was collected through finger prick and used to prepare thick and thin blood smears that were Giemsa-stained for the detection of malaria parasite by microscopy.
Results: A total of 250 pregnant women took part in this study. The mean age ±SD was 27.71 ±5.47 years. The mean pregnancy age ±SD was 24.04 ±8.59 weeks. The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia was 18.0%. The most used malaria prevention method was LLINs (190/211, 91.0%). There was a statistically significant difference in MP prevalence between women who used IPTp (13.9%) and those who didn’t (26.5%) (χ2 =5.87, P= .02); between women who used bed nets and IPT (12.9%) in combination and those who didn’t (24.0%) (χ2 = 5.12, P= .03) as well as between participants who used at least one method (16.4%) and their counterparts who didn’t use any malaria prevention method (38.9%) (χ2=5.73, P=.01). Living in a house with plank or mud walls (13; 29.0%) was surprisingly more protective than living in a cement brick or mud brick house (30; 71.0%) (OR: 2.34; 95%CI: 1.10-4.97; P=.03).
Conclusion: Malaria remains a health preoccupation among pregnant women attending ANC consultation in the RHB. Use of bed nets and IPTp as well as the use of at least one prevention method could be protective.
Phase Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Domenico Albanese , Michele Penso 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhase transfer catalysis (PTC) is a powerful tool to carry out organic reactions in a practical fashion, both in laboratory and industrial scale. Significant cost savings and major process improvements can be achieved in reactions performed in water–organic solvent mixtures under PTC conditions. Accordingly, the market of phase transfer catalysts has continuously grown in the past few years reaching 1000 USD Million size.Particularly advantageous is the possibility to replace expensive solvents and dangerous bases such as sodium hydride, requiring strictly anhydrous conditions, with aqueous bases and apolar, environmentally friendly, and easily recyclable solvents.During the last decade, notable results have been obtained in stereoselective reactions performed in the presence of chiral, non‐racemic quaternary ammonium salts. In addition, new avenues have been opened by the use of bulky chiral phosphate anions to generate lipophilic ion pairs enabling the stereoselective construction of important building blocks. Large scale industrial applications of asymmetric PTC have also been described.
Pervaporation
Authors: Pangarkar Vishwas G. , Ray Samit Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPervaporation is a process that employs dense membrane to separates liquid mixtures. Various types of membranes: polymeric, ceramic, or composite can be used. In recent years there has been significant academic as well as industrial advancement in this attractive membrane process. Novel types of membranes have been reported. These include nanocomposite including nano‐sized metal, metal oxide, and graphene/graphene oxide incorporated ceramic/polymer membranes, polyamine‐based thin film composite membranes (earlier commercialized for reverse osmosis membranes), copolymer/interpenetrating network types membranes, template type membranes, polyelectrolyte complex, gold and silver nanoparticle‐based membranes for plasmon PV, and so on. In the application area, besides the well‐known alcohol dehydration PV has been investigated for recovery of aroma and flavor in the food and beverage industries, desulfurization of gasoline, intensification of chemical reactions, and so on. Further, PV is being extensively used as a low‐temperature environment friendly “green technology” for safe removal of volatile organic compounds using highly selective organophilic membranes. The advent of metal–organic framework membranes has resulted in significantly higher selectivities as compared to conventional membranes. PV is also being investigated for desalination with hydrophilic membranes. This article provides a state of the art discussion on PV that includes basic principles, types of membranes/modules, and important industrial applications.
Prescribed performance adaptive fuzzy control for nonstrict‐feedback nonlinear systems with dead zone outputs
Authors: Su Hang , Zhao Xiaoyu , Zhang Weihai 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThis paper presents an adaptive fuzzy control scheme for a class of nonstrict‐feedback nonlinear systems with dead zone outputs and prescribed performance. By utilizing the monotonically increasing property of system bounding functions and the Nussbaum function, the design difficulties caused by the nonstrict‐feedback structure and dead zone output are overcome. Combining backstepping technique with prescribed performance algorithm, a feasible adaptive fuzzy controller is designed to guarantee the boundedness of all signals of the closed‐loop system and the prescribed tracking performance of the system. Finally, simulation results are depicted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Graphene/MoS2/Graphene Vertical Heterostructure‐Based Broadband Photodetector with High Performance
Authors: Gao Shan , Wang Ziqian , Wang Huide , Meng Fanxu , Wang Pengfei , Chen Si , Zeng Yonghong , Zhao Jinlai , Hu Haiguo , Cao Rui , Xu Zhongquan , Guo Zhinan , Zhang Han 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is considered as a promising 2D material for optoelectronic applications due to its excellent electrical and optical properties. A semimetal material with zero bandgap, like graphene, can extend response range of MoS2‐based photodetectors to wider spectral region. Here, a graphene/MoS2/graphene vertical heterostructure is demonstrated, where Schottky barriers are formed between MoS2 and graphenes. The introduction of graphene can effectively widen the working wavelength of the device from visible to IR range. Simultaneously, the shortened transmit distance for the photogenerated carriers between the source and drain electrodes in the vertical heterostructure leads to faster response speed compared with MoS2‐based photodetectors. Besides, the graphene/MoS2/graphene photodetector shows excellent performance with an enhanced responsivity of 414 A W−1 at 532 nm and 376 A W−1 at 2000 nm, and a broad working wavelength ranging from 405 to 2000 nm. These excellent performances prove that the design of graphene based vertical heterostructure can provide new ideas for the development of high‐performance photodetectors in future.
From Cyclopentasilane to Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Gerwig Maik , Ali Abid Shaukat , Neubert David , Polster Sebastian , Böhme Uwe , Franze Georg , Rosenkranz Marco , Popov Alexey , Ponomarev Ilia , Jank Michael P. M. , Viehweger Christine , Brendler Erica , Frey Lothar , Kroll Peter , Kroke Edwin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCyclopentasilane (CPS) has been studied as an liquid precursor for the deposition of thin silicon films for printed electronics and related applications. The processing involves a UV‐induced prepolymerization of CPS followed by liquid deposition and low‐temperature thermolysis. An insight into the oligomer and polymer formation including crosslinking in solution using 29Si NMR spectroscopy and electron spin resonance spectroscopy is reported. Formation of SiH (T‐units) and SiH3 (M‐units) is observed as well as short‐lived paramagnetic species. Additionally, the polymerization is followed by Raman spectroscopy. Reactive molecular dynamics simulations are applied to develop a theoretical model for the CPS‐ring‐opening and crosslinking steps. The experimental and computational data correspond well to each other and allow insight into the mechanism of polymer formation. The processing steps include spin‐coating, thermal drying, and conversion to amorphous silicon, H‐passivation, and fabrication of a CPS‐derived thin‐film transistor (TFT), without intermediate silicon crystallization. Further improvement is gained by using tetralene as a solvent, leading to a reduction of the time‐consuming polymerization step by one order of magnitude compared to cyclooctane. The overall quality and characteristics of the CPS‐derived spin‐coated silicon thin films correspond to standard plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition‐derived devices with respect to performance levels.
Fertilizer nitrogen recovery of irrigated spring malt barley
Authors: Rogers Christopher W. , Loomis Grant 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWell‐defined nitrogen (N) management in irrigated two‐row malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is critical for yield and quality and to minimize environmental impacts. Data on fertilizer N recovery efficiency (FNRE) and the fate of fertilizer‐N in the soil are lacking. The study objective was to determine uptake and partitioning of 15N‐labeled urea in the plant and soil. Urea was either surface applied or incorporated at a total N rate (inorganic‐N + applied N) of 214 kg N ha–1 at planting. Three malt cultivars were grown, and samples were collected four times during the growing season (Feekes growth stages 4/5, 10.0, 11.2, and 11.4). Barley plants at Feekes 11.2 and 11.4 were separated into vegetative tissue and spikes. Plant N accumulation was lowest at Feekes 4/5 and reached a maximum at Feekes 11.2, whereas FNRE was greatest at Feekes 10.0. Nitrogen was redistributed from vegetative tissue to the spike from Feekes 11.2 to 11.4. Plant FNRE averaged 43% at Feekes 11.4. Total plant–soil FNRE for the surface application was 66%, which was less than the incorporated FNRE of 77%. Results provide evidence of the increased plant–soil system FNRE of incorporated applications in high‐input barley production systems compared with surface applications despite no yield difference. Similar FNRE as compared to previous work with lower yields was measured, and modern cultivars out‐yielded an older cultivar with no reduction in FNRE. Results of the study indicate that a relatively high plant–soil system FNRE of irrigated malting barley was achieved under high‐input, irrigated conditions common in southern Idaho.