bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head and neck cancer risk calculator (HaNC‐RC)—V.2. Adjustments and addition of symptoms and social history factors
Authors: Tikka Theofano , Kavanagh Kimberley , Lowit Anja , Jiafeng Pan , Burns Harry , Nixon Iain J. , Paleri Vinidh , MacKenzie Kenneth 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesHead and neck cancer (HNC) diagnosis through the 2‐week wait, urgent suspicion of cancer (USOC) pathway has failed to increase early cancer detection rates in the UK. A head and neck cancer risk calculator (HaNC‐RC) has previously been designed to aid referral of high‐risk patients to USOC clinics (predictive power: 77%). Our aim was to refine the HaNC‐RC to increase its prediction potential.DesignFollowing sample size calculation, prospective data collection and statistical analysis of referral criteria and outcomes.SettingLarge tertiary care cancer centre in Scotland.Participants3531 new patients seen in routine, urgent and USOC head and neck (HaN) clinics.Main outcome measuresData collected were as follows: demographics, social history, presenting symptoms and signs and HNC diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were performed to identify significant predictors of HNC. Internal validation was performed using 1000 sample bootstrapping to estimate model diagnostics included the area under the receiver operator curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity.ResultsThe updated version of the risk calculator (HaNC‐RC v.2) includes age, gender, unintentional weight loss, smoking, alcohol, positive and negative symptoms and signs of HNC. It has achieved an AUC of 88.6% with two recommended triage referral cut‐offs to USOC (cut‐off: 7.1%; sensitivity: 85%, specificity: 78.3%) or urgent clinics (cut‐off: 2.2%; sensitivity: 97.1%; specificity of 52.9%). This could redistribute cancer detection through USOC clinics from the current 60.9%–85.2%, without affecting total numbers seen in each clinical setting.ConclusionsThe use of the HaNC‐RC v.2 has a significant potential in both identifying patients at high risk of HNC early thought USOC clinics but also improving health service delivery practices by reducing the number of inappropriately urgent referrals.
Training in colorectal surgery in Europe and 20 years of the European Board of Surgical Qualification coloproctology examination
Authors: Teixeira Farinha H. , Matzel K. E. , Nicholls J. , Hetzer F. , Zimmerman D. D. E. , Warusavitarne J. , Hahnloser D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTraining in colorectal surgery across Europe is not yet standardized. The European Board of Surgical Qualification (EBSQ) coloproctology examination has been held annually since 1998. The aims of this study were to illustrate the current situation of coloproctology specialization in Europe and to analyse the EBSQ examinations held over the last 20 years.MethodA survey, focused on current training and education in colorectal surgery in Europe, was conducted among all national representatives of the European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) in 2018. Candidate demographics (1998–2018) and the results of the EBSQ examination (2007–2018) were analysed.ResultsIn Europe, there are currently 26 national colorectal societies, 27 national annual colorectal meetings, 16 national specialized training programmes and 13 national colorectal fellowships. Six countries have board certification in colorectal surgery and five a dedicated examination. During the last 20 years, 475 candidates from 29 countries, of whom 88 (19%) were women, passed the EBSQ examination. The pass rate was higher in younger applicants (< 42 years, P = 0.01). The success rate was higher for candidates with academic experience (more than five publications or presentations) and with an academic title (thesis) (P = 0.01).ConclusionColorectal surgical training is still not standardized in Europe, although efforts have been made to recognize colorectal surgery as an independent speciality. The number of holders of the EBSQ Diploma has increased over the years, demonstrating the acceptance of the examination among European surgeons. Young candidates with an academic profile are the most successful.
Reproducibility of a ramping protocol to measure cerebral vascular reactivity using functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Evanoff Nicholas G. , Mueller Bryon A. , Marlatt Kara L. , Geijer Justin R. , Lim Kelvin O. , Dengel Donald R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThough individual differences in arterial carbon dioxide and oxygen levels inherently exist, the degree of their influence on cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) is less clear. We examined the reproducibility of BOLD signal changes to an iso‐oxic ramping PetCO2 protocol. CVR changes were induced by altering PetCO2 while holding PetO2 constant using a computer‐controlled sequential gas delivery (SGD) device. Two MRI scans, each including a linear change in PetCO2, were performed using a 3‐Tesla (3T) scanner. This ramp sequence consisted of 1 min at 30 mmHg followed by 4 min period during where PetCO2 was linearly increased from 30 to 50 mmHg, 1 min at 51 mmHg, and concluded with 4 min at baseline. The protocol was repeated at a separate visit with 3 days between visits (minimum). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation (CV) were used to verify reproducibility. Eleven subjects (6 females; mean age 26.5 ± 5.7 years) completed the full testing protocol. Good reproducibility was observed for the within‐visit ramp sequence (Visit 1: ICC = 0.82, CV = 6.5%; Visit 2: ICC = 0.74, CV = 6.4%). Similarly, ramp sequence were reproducible between visits (Scan 1: ICC = 0.74, CV = 6.5%; Scan 2: ICC = 0.66, CV = 6.1%). Establishing reproducible methodologies for measuring BOLD signal changes in response to PetCO2 alterations using a ramp protocol will allow researchers to study CVR functionality. Finally, adding a ramping protocol to CVR studies could provide information about changes in CVR over a broad range of PetCO2.
Does stretch training induce muscle hypertrophy in humans? A review of the literature
Authors: Nunes João Pedro , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Nakamura Masatoshi , Ribeiro Alex S. , Cunha Paolo M. , Cyrino Edilson S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStretch training is widely used in a variety of fitness‐related capacities such as increasing joint range of motion, preventing contractures and alleviating injuries. Moreover, some researches indicate that stretch training may induce muscle hypertrophy; however, studies on the topic have been primarily relegated to animal and in vitro models. The purpose of this brief review was to evaluate whether stretch training is a viable strategy to induce muscle hypertrophy in humans. An extensive literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO and Scopus databases, using terms related to stretching and muscle hypertrophy. Only human trials that evaluated changes in measures of muscle size or architecture following training protocols that it was performed stretching exercises were selected for inclusion. Of the 10 studies identified, 3 observed some significantly positive effects of stretch training on muscle structure. Intriguingly, in these studies, the stretching was carried out with an apparatus that aided in its performance, or with an external overload. In all studies, the subjects performed stretching at their own self‐determined range of motion, and no effect was observed. Of the 5 available studies that integrated stretching into a resistance training programme, 2 applied the stretching in the interset rest period and were the ones that showed enhanced muscle growth. In conclusion, passive, low‐intensity stretch does not appear to confer beneficial changes in muscle size and architecture; alternatively, albeit limited evidence suggests that when stretching is done with a certain degree of tensile strain (particularly when loaded, or added between active muscle contractions) may elicit muscle hypertrophy.
Trending MCN: Fifty Years of Museum Computing Conferences and Community
Authors: Marty Paul F. , Kim Castle U. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEstablished in 1967, the Museum Computer Network (MCN) supports an international community of museum professionals who are interested in the design, development, and use of information technologies in museums. Since 1968, MCN has hosted regular conferences for its members, providing a space where museum professionals from around the world can assemble for professional development, networking, and educational opportunities related to museum computing. This paper presents an analysis of five decades of MCN conference programs to determine how the evolution of the MCN conference from 1968 to 2017 reflects a corresponding co‐evolution of MCN as a professional organization. The results document the historical development of MCN as a community of practice, and show how the MCN conference has informed, engaged, and inspired museum professionals over the last 50 years.
Telecytology rapid on‐site evaluation: Diagnostic challenges, technical issues and lessons learned
Authors: Xing Juan , Monaco Sara E. , Cuda Jacqueline , Pantanowitz Liron 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionRapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) has been widely used to improve diagnostic adequacy and facilitate specimen triage. Telecytology ROSE has gained popularity recently and shown high concordance with traditional ROSE. However, telecytology involves multiple personnel and technical devices that could introduce additional errors. The aim of this paper is to share errors encountered and lessons learned since employing telecytology for ROSE at our institution.MethodsThe laboratory information system was searched for all documented telecytology ROSE errors from 2017 to 2019. These errors were subclassified as technical errors, cytotechnologist‐related errors and pathologist‐related errors. The following details were recorded for each reported event: type of error, reason for error, ROSE diagnosis, final diagnosis and actions taken to avoid future errors.ResultsTelecytology ROSE errors were documented in 46 (1.3%) sessions. Ten (22%) had technical errors, 13 (28%) were owing to cytotechnologist errors and 23 (50%) were attributed to pathologist interpretation errors. The majority of the technical (90%) and cytotechnologist errors (85%) occurred within the first year of implementation of telecytology. Common ROSE misinterpretation errors included missing microorganisms, misclassifying neuroendocrine tumours as other neoplasms and overcalling malignancy on gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures.ConclusionsA variety of errors may occur during telecytology ROSE. While some errors are inevitable (eg, information technology downtime), certain telecytology errors can be reduced by increasing staff familiarity with the system, providing timely feedbacks and taking prompt corrective actions. We recommend establishing a mechanism to document and act upon recorded errors as part of a telecytology quality improvement programme.
Health‐care providers' concern regarding smoking cessation pharmacotherapies during pregnancy: Calls to a teratology information service
Authors: Lee Mei Lin , Tran Duong T. , Welsh Alec , Kennedy Debra , Havard Alys 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsFew smokers use smoking cessation pharmacotherapies during pregnancy. It is hypothesised that health‐care providers' reluctance due to safety concerns contributes to their low use. This study examined the extent of providers' concern regarding smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, relative to other medications in the same and other pregnancy risk categories. Calls made to a teratology information service (MotherSafe, Australia) were taken as a proxy indicator of concern regarding safety during pregnancy.Design and MethodsThe primary exposure discussed in 66 687 calls made to MotherSafe between 2001 and 2016 was categorised as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion, varenicline or category A (low risk), B1, B2, B3, C, D or X (teratogenic). Separate logistic regression models estimated the odds that calls regarding pharmacotherapies were from providers, relative to medications in the same and other risk categories. Models adjusted for caller remoteness and socio‐economic status.ResultsCalls regarding bupropion were more likely to be made by providers than calls regarding other medications in its corresponding risk category [B2, adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17, 6.59]. Calls about varenicline were also more likely to be from providers than calls regarding other category B3 medications (aOR 95% CI 2.33:1.30, 4.17). Calls regarding NRT were not more or less likely to be from providers than calls regarding other category D medications.Discussion and ConclusionsProviders were more concerned about bupropion and varenicline than other medications within the same pregnancy risk categories. As this overestimation of risk may limit cessation pharmacotherapy use during pregnancy, research investigating strategies for correcting this imbalance is warranted.
S2k‐Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie des Zoster und der Postzosterneuralgie
Authors: Gross Gerd E. , Eisert Lisa , Doerr Hans Wilhelm , Fickenscher Helmut , Knuf Markus , Maier Philip , Maschke Matthias , Müller Rainer , Pleyer Uwe , Schäfer Michael , Sunderkötter Cord , Werner Ricardo N. , Wutzler Peter , Nast Alexander 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDiese Leitlinie richtet sich an Dermatologen, Ophthalmologen, HNO‐Ärzte, Pädiater, Neurologen, Virologen sowie Infektiologen, Anästhesisten und Allgemeinmediziner in Klinik und Praxis und dient zur Information für andere medizinische Fachrichtungen, die an der Behandlung des Zoster beteiligt sind. Darüber hinaus soll die Leitlinie Kostenträgern und politischen Entscheidungsträgern zur Orientierung dienen. Die Leitlinie wurde im formellen Konsensusverfahren (S2k) von Dermatologen, Virologen/Infektiologen, Ophthalmologen, HNO‐Ärzten, Neurologen, Pädiatern und Anästhesisten/Schmerzmedizinern erstellt.Die Leitlinie stellt einen Überblick über die klinische und molekulare Diagnostik sowie den Antigennachweis, die Antikörperkultur und Viruskultur dar. Diagnostisch besondere Situationen und komplizierte Verläufe der Erkrankung finden ebenfalls Berücksichtigung. Die antivirale Therapie des Zoster und der Postzosterneuralgie wird im Allgemeinen und für besondere Situationen dargelegt. Detaillierte Angaben zur Schmerzbehandlung finden Erwähnung und sind in einer Übersicht dargestellt. Ebenso werden die lokaltherapeutischen Maßnahmen thematisiert.
Tsukushi is essential for proper maintenance and terminal differentiation of mouse hippocampal neural stem cells
Authors: Ahmad Shah Adil Ishtiyaq , Anam Mohammad Badrul , Istiaq Arif , Ito Naofumi , Ohta Kunimasa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSecreted proteoglycan molecule Tsukushi (TSK) regulates various developmental processes, such as early body patterning and neural plate formation by interacting with major signaling pathways like Wnt, BMP, Notch etc. In central nervous system, TSK inhibits Wnt signaling to control chick retinal development. It also plays important roles for axon guidance and anterior commissure formation in mouse brain. In the present study, we investigated the role of TSK for the development and proper functioning of mouse hippocampus. We found that TSK expression is prominent at hippocampal regions of early postnatal mouse until postnatal day 15 and gradually declines at later stages. Hippocampal dimensions are affected in TSK knockout mice (TSK‐KO) as shown by reduced size of hippocampus and dentate gyrus (DG). Interestingly, neural stem cell (NSC) density at the neural niche of DG was higher in TSK‐KO compared with wild‐type. The ratio of proliferating NSCs as well as the rate of overall cell proliferation was also higher in TSK‐KO hippocampus. Our in vitro study also suggests an increased number of neural stem/progenitor cells residing in TSK‐KO hippocampus. Finally, we found that the terminal differentiation of NSCs in TSK‐KO was disturbed as the differentiation to neuronal cell lineage was increased while the percentages of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were decreased. Overall, our study establishes the involvement of TSK in hippocampal development, NSC maintenance and terminal differentiation at perinatal stages.
Exposure–response relationships for the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor dapagliflozin with regard to renal risk markers
Authors: Kroonen Marjolein Y. A. M. , Koomen Jeroen V. , Petrykiv Sergei I. , Laverman Gozewijn D. , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. , Stevens Jasper 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsTo quantitate the consistency of an individual's plasma exposure to dapagliflozin upon re‐exposure, and to investigate whether the individual's systemic exposure to dapagliflozin explains inter‐individual variation in response to dapagliflozin with regard to multiple renal risk markers.MethodsData were used from a crossover randomized clinical trial that assessed the albuminuria‐lowering effect of dapagliflozin in 33 people with type 2 diabetes and elevated albuminuria. Fifteen participants were exposed twice to dapagliflozin. Trough plasma concentrations of dapagliflozin were measured for each participant at steady state. Dapagliflozin plasma concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic characteristics were simulated based on a population pharmacokinetic model. Linear mixed‐effects models were used to quantify the exposure–response relationships.ResultsThe median plasma concentration after first and second exposure to dapagliflozin was 5.3 ng/mL vs 4.6 ng/mL, respectively (P = 0.78). Lin's concordance correlation coefficient between occasions was 0.73 (P < 0.0021). Every 100 ng.h/mL increment in area under the dapagliflozin plasma concentration curve was associated with a decrease in log‐transformed urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (β = −5.9, P < 0.01), body weight (β = −0.3, P < 0.01) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (β = −0.7, P = 0.01) and an increase in urinary glucose excretion (β = 17.0, P < 0.001).ConclusionAn individual's exposure to dapagliflozin is consistent upon re‐exposure and correlates with pharmacodynamic response in renal risk markers.
Changes in the utilization of blood glucose test strips among patients using intermittent‐scanning continuous glucose monitoring in Germany
Authors: van den Boom Louisa , Kostev Karel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the daily consumption of blood glucose test strips (BGTSs) prior to and after the initiation of intermittent‐scanning continuous glucose monitoring (iscCGM).MethodsThis study included 1343 adults (≥18 years) with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D; mean age 51.4 years; 39.1% women) from the IMS Disease Analyzer database with an initial prescription of iscCGM in Germany between January 2015 and July 2018 (index date). We compared the average daily BGTS consumption after the index date versus prior to the index date. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate the association between predefined variables and the probability of no longer using BGTSs after the index date.ResultsThe mean (SD) daily BGTS consumption per patient decreased from 2.7 (3.0) prior to the index date to 1.4 (2.4) after the index date, and was similar in patients with T1D and those with T2D, in women and men, and across different age groups, as well in patients treated in diabetologist practices and those treated in general practices. In total, 40% of patients continued to use BGTSs, and 30% used them at least once daily. Male sex and glycated haemoglobin concentration (<6.5%), as well as less frequent use of BGTSs prior to the index date, were positively associated with non‐use of BGTS after the index date.ConclusionThe daily consumption of BGTS was greatly reduced after the initiation of iscCGM use in patients with diabetes. However, some patients still used BGTSs in addition to iscCGM.
Genetic variations in MicroRNA genes and cancer risk: A field synopsis and meta‐analysis
Authors: Park Jae Hyon , Jeong Gwang Hun , Lee Kwang Seob , Lee Keum Hwa , Suh Jin‐Soon , Eisenhut Michael , van der Vliet Hans J. , Kronbichler Andreas , Stubbs Brendon , Solmi Marco , Dragioti Elena , Koyanagi Ai , Shin Jae Il , Gamerith Gabriele 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCancer risk has been associated with certain gene variations in microRNA (miRNA), but conflicting evidence warrants re‐assessing of significant results in meta‐analyses. We summarized published meta‐analyses that assess the associations between miRNA polymorphism and cancers to show the validity of the findings.MethodWe searched PubMed and investigated the results of meta‐analyses published through November 2018. We re‐assessed the results based on false‐positive report probability (FPRP) to test the noteworthiness of the associations.ResultsSixty‐eight miRNA polymorphisms in 45 meta‐analyses associated with cancer were included. Four (7.4%) and sixteen (25.0%) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were noteworthy (FPRP < 0.2) at a prior probability of 0.001 for interesting candidate genes and a statistical power to detect an odds ratio (OR) of 1.1 and 1.5, respectively. The four miRNA SNPs noteworthy at an OR of 1.1 were as follows: miR‐146a/rs2910164 Cvs.G; miR‐27a/rs895819 Cvs.T; miR‐423/rs6505162 Cvs.A; and miR‐605/rs2043556 Cvs.T. The 16 SNPs noteworthy at an OR of 1.5 include the four genotype comparisons at an OR of 1.1, and the additional 12 genotype comparisons were as follows: miR‐196a2/rs11614913 Tvs.C; miR‐27a/rs895819 GGvs.AA + AG; miR‐196a2/rs11614913 C vs.T; miR‐146a/rs2910164 Gvs.C; miR‐196a2/rs11614913 Tvs.C; miR‐146a/rs2910164 Cvs.G; miR‐499/rs3746444 homozygous model; miR‐146a/rs2910164 CCvs.GG + GC; miR‐499/rs3746444 TCvs.TT; miR‐499/rs3746444 GAvs.AA; miR‐146a/rs2910164 CCvs.GG; and miR‐499/rs3746444 Gvs.A. No association was noteworthy at a prior probability of 0.000001.ConclusionOut of 68 published associations of miRNA polymorphisms with cancer, sixteen have shown noteworthiness in our re‐assessing meta‐analysis. Our findings summarize the results of meta‐analyses on the association of cancer with SNPs and underline the importance of interpreting results with caution.
Melatonin mitigates hippocampal and cognitive impairments caused by prenatal irradiation
Authors: Pipová Kokošová Natália , Kisková Terézia , Vilhanová Katarína , Štafuriková Andrea , Jendželovský Rastislav , Račeková Enikő , Šmajda Beňadik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFormation of new neurons and glial cells in the brain is taking place in mammals not only during prenatal embryogenesis but also during adult life. As an enhancer of oxidative stress, ionizing radiation represents a potent inhibitor of neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the brain. It is known that the pineal hormone melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and counteracts inflammation and apoptosis in brain injuries. The aim of our study was to establish the effects of melatonin on cells in the hippocampus and selected forms of behaviour in prenatally irradiated rats. The male progeny of irradiated (1 Gy of gamma rays; n = 38) and sham‐irradiated mothers (n = 19), aged 3 weeks or 2 months, were used in the experiment. Melatonin was administered daily in drinking water (4 mg/kg b. w.) to a subset of animals from each age group. Prenatal irradiation markedly suppressed proliferative activity in the dentate gyrus in both age groups. Melatonin significantly increased the number of proliferative BrdU‐positive cells in hilus of young irradiated animals, and the number of mature NeuN‐positive neurons in hilus and granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus in these rats and in CA1 region of adult irradiated rats. Moreover, melatonin significantly improved the spatial memory impaired by irradiation, assessed in Morris water maze. A significant correlation between the number of proliferative cells and cognitive performances was found, too. Our study indicates that melatonin may decrease the loss of hippocampal neurons in the CA1 region and improve cognitive abilities after irradiation.