bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On‐line partitioning of the sample space in the regional adaptive algorithm
Authors: Grenon‐Godbout Nicolas , Bédard Mylène 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe regional adaptive (RAPT) algorithm is particularly useful in sampling from multimodal distributions. We propose an adaptive partitioning of the sample space, to be used in conjunction with the RAPT sampler and its variants. The adaptive partitioning consists in defining a hyperplane that is orthogonal to the line joining averaged coordinates in two separate regions and that goes through a point such that both averaged coordinates are equally Mahalanobis‐distant from this point. This yields an adaptive process that is robust to the choice of initial partition, stabilizes rapidly and is implemented at a marginal computational cost. The ergodicity of the sampler is verified through the simultaneous uniform ergodicity and diminishing adaptation
conditions. The approach is compared to the RAPT algorithm with fixed regions and to the RAPT with online recursion (RAPTOR) through various examples, including a real data application. In short, our main contribution is the development of an alternative version of RAPTOR that seems to have no obvious downside and runs 15–35% faster in the examples considered.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of N‐Aryl Amides from O‐Protected Hydroxamic Acids
Authors: Broumidis Emmanouil , Jones Mary C. , Vilela Filipe , Lloyd Gareth O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo robust and efficient mechanochemical protocols for the synthesis of an array of N‐arylamides have been developed. This was achieved by a C−N cross‐coupling between O‐pivaloyl hydroxamic acids and aryl iodides or aryl boronic acids, in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of a copper mediator. The effectiveness of this method is highlighted by the high‐yielding (up to 94 %), scalable (up to 8 mmol), and rapid (20 minutes) synthesis of N‐aryl amides (15 examples), using a variety of deactivated and sterically encumbered substrates, whilst employing mild conditions and in the absence of solvents. In addition, it was determined that whilst the O‐pivaloyl hydroxamic acid precursors can be synthesised mechanochemically, iron contamination originating from the steel jars was found to occur which can hinder the efficacy of this process. Furthermore, 3D printing was used to produce custom milling jars that could successfully accommodate a scaled‐up version of the two protocols.
Effects of alcohol consumption on maxillofacial fractures in simple falls
Authors: Hino Shunsuke , Yamada Miki , Iijima Yosuke , Araki Ryuichiro , Kaneko Takahiro , Horie Norio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effects of alcohol consumption (AC) on maxillofacial fractures caused by falls on a level surface (simple falls).Material and MethodsPatients with maxillofacial fractures caused by falls who visited the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic from January 2006 to December 2016 were evaluated. Patients with simple falls were subdivided into those who fell with AC (Falls with AC) and those who fell without AC (Falls without AC).ResultsOf 180 patients with falls with maxillofacial fractures, 155 had simple falls, and 25 patients had falls from a height. Of the simple falls, 52 were Falls with AC, and 102 were Falls without AC. Falls with AC were significantly more frequent in males (p = .0005). The average number of fracture lines in the mandible was significantly higher in Falls with AC (2.13 ± 0.99 [mean ± SD]) than in Falls without AC (1.76 ± 0.91) (p = .011). The average Facial Injury Severity Scale was significantly higher in Falls with AC (3.08 ± 1.43) than in Falls without AC (2.43 ± 1.29) (p = .007).ConclusionsFalls with AC were associated with more severe maxillofacial fractures than Falls without AC.
How are service employees' perceptions of corporate social responsibility related to their performance? Prosocial motivation and emotional labor as underlying mechanisms
Authors: Shin Inyong , Hur Won‐Moo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough interest in employees' perceptions of and their responses to corporate social responsibility (CSR) has grown up, it has been suggested that further research is necessary on how employees' perceptions of CSR are related to their performance. This study aimed to address this call for research with a focus on service employees. We anticipated that service employees' perceptions of their organizations' social responsibility activities would encourage them to become prosocially motivated, which would lead them to engage more in deep acting and less in surface acting, eventually resulting in superior service performance. This study used a sample of hotel employees to test the sequential links between perceived CSR, prosocial motivation, deep/surface acting, and service performance. This study, which yields results largely consistent with our expectations, contributes to the microlevel CSR literature and offers practical guidelines for managers.
Polarity of Cationic Lignin Polymers: Physicochemical Behavior in Aqueous Solutions and Suspensions
Authors: Sabaghi Sanaz , Fatehi Pedram 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe structure of cationic monomers can significantly impact the polarity of lignin after polymerization. Cationic hydrolysis lignin (CHL) polymers were produced by polymerizing hydrolysis lignin (HL) with [3‐(methacryloylamino)propyl] trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC) or [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride (METAC). The METAC monomer has an oxygen atom, with larger electronegativity, in its molecular structure, whereas the MAPTAC monomer contains a nitrogen atom, as well as an extra nonpolar CH2 group, facilitating investigation into the effects of the polarity of CHLs on their physicochemical performance in an aqueous system. CHL polymers are analyzed and their interactions with clay particles are determined in colloidal systems. CHLs are designed to have similar charge densities (2.1–2.2 mmol g−1) and molecular weights (55000–60000 g mol−1 ). The hydrodynamic radius (Hy) and radius of gyration, (Rg) of HL‐METAC are larger than those of HL‐MAPTAC, implying a more 3‐dimensional structure of HL‐METAC in aqueous solution. The stability ratio of kaolin particles affirms the better performance of HL‐METAC in comparison to HL‐MAPTAC, which reflects the better flocculation efficiency of HL‐METAC. The results also reveal that salt and urea aqueous solutions affect the Hy, Rg, and configuration of CHL polymers, which alters the flocculation efficiency of HL‐METAC and HL‐MAPTAC polymers in kaolin suspensions.
Associations of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) shedding patterns with clinical illness and immune responses in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection
Authors: Lee Pei Hua , Tay Woo Chiao , Sutjipto Stephanie , Fong Siew‐Wai , Ong Sean Wei Xiang , Wei Wycliff Enli , Chan Yi‐Hao , Ling Li Min , Young Barnaby E , Toh Matthias Paul HS , Renia Laurent , Ng Lisa FP , Leo Yee‐Sin , Lye David C , Lee Tau Hong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesA wide range of duration of viral RNA shedding in patients infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has been observed. We aimed to investigate factors associated with prolonged and intermittent viral RNA shedding in a retrospective cohort of symptomatic COVID‐19 patients.MethodsDemographic, clinical and laboratory data from hospitalised COVID‐19 patients from a single centre with two consecutive negative respiratory reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) results were extracted from electronic medical records. Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis was used to assess the effect of clinical characteristics on the duration and pattern of shedding. Plasma levels of immune mediators were measured using Luminex multiplex microbead‐based immunoassay.ResultsThere were 201 symptomatic patients included. Median age was 49 years (interquartile range 16–61), and 52.2% were male. Median RNA shedding was 14 days (IQR 9–18). Intermittent shedding was observed in 77 (38.3%). We did not identify any factor associated with prolonged or intermittent viral RNA shedding. Duration of shedding was inversely correlated with plasma levels of T‐cell cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐17A at the initial phase of infection, and patients had lower levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines during intermittent shedding.ConclusionsLess active T‐cell responses at the initial phase of infection were associated with prolonged viral RNA shedding, suggesting that early immune responses are beneficial to control viral load and prevent viral RNA shedding. Intermittent shedding is common and may explain re‐detection of viral RNA in recovered patients.
Prevalence and incidence of intra‐ventricular conduction delays and outcomes in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: insights from PARADIGM‐HF and ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Kristensen Søren Lund , Castagno Davide , Shen Li , Jhund Pardeep S. , Docherty Kieran F. , Rørth Rasmus , Abraham William T. , Desai Akshay S. , Dickstein Kenneth , Rouleau Jean L. , Zile Michael R. , Swedberg Karl , Packer Milton , Solomon Scott D. , Køber Lars , McMurray John J.V. ,   PARADIGM‐HF and ATMOSPHERE Committees and Investigators.
Published: July 2020

AimsThe importance of intra‐ventricular conduction delay (IVCD), the incidence of new IVCD and its relationship to outcomes in heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are not well studied. We addressed these questions in the PARADIGM‐HF and ATMOSPHERE trials.Methods and resultsThe risk of the primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization and all‐cause mortality were estimated by use of Cox regression according to baseline QRS duration and morphology in 11 861 patients without an intracardiac device. At baseline, 1789 (15.1%) patients had left bundle branch block (LBBB), 524 (4.4%) right bundle branch block (RBBB), 454 (3.8%) non‐specific IVCD, 2588 (21.8%) ‘mildly abnormal’ QRS (110–129 ms) and 6506 (54.9%) QRS <110 ms. During a median follow‐up of 2.5 years, the risk of the primary composite endpoint was higher among those with a wide QRS, irrespective of morphology: hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) LBBB 1.36 (1.23–1.50), RBBB 1.54 (1.31–1.79), non‐specific IVCD 1.65 (1.40–1.94) and QRS 110–129 ms 1.35 (1.23–1.47), compared with QRS duration <110 ms. A total of 1234 (15.6%) patients developed new‐onset QRS widening ≥130 ms (6.1 per 100 patient‐years). Incident LBBB occurred in 495 (6.3%) patients (2.4 per 100 patient‐years) and was associated with a higher risk of the primary composite outcome [hazard ratio 1.42 (1.12–1.82)].ConclusionIn patients with HFrEF, a wide QRS was associated with worse clinical outcomes irrespective of morphology. The annual incidence of new‐onset LBBB was around 2.5%, and associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes, highlighting the importance of repeat electrocardiogram review.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT0083658 (ATMOSPHERE) and NCT01035255 (PARADIGM‐HF).
Fabricating Flexibly Resistive Humidity Sensors with Ultra‐high Sensitivity Using Carbonized Lignin and Sodium Alginate
Authors: Yun Xiaojing , Zhang Qingtong , Luo Bin , Jiang Hongrui , Chen Changzhou , Wang Shuangfei , Min Douyong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLignin, an abundant and environmentally friendly renewable polymer, was used to attain the carbonized lignin in current study. Then, a highly humidity sensitive composite composite film was prepared by carbonized lignin (CL) applied as the conductive particles and sodium alginate (SA). The repeatability, hysteresis, stability and response‐recovery of the CL/SA composite film sensor were investigated in the range of 11 to 97 % relative humidity at room temperature. The results showed the maximum responsivity of CL/SA composite film is 502,895.40 % under 97 % relative humidity. In addition, CL/SA composite film can be used as humidity sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity, low hysteresis, and stable repeatability in a wide relative humidity range of 11–97 %. Finally, the humidity mechanism of the CL/SA sensor and its monitoring application in human respiration were analyzed. The research revealed that CL/SA composite is an excellent humidity sensitive material.
Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity of Methanol and Ethanol Oxidation in Alkaline Medium at Bimetallic Nanoparticles Electrochemically Decorated Fullerene‐C60 Nanocomposite Electrocatalyst: An Efficient Anode Material for Alcohol Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Bhavani K. Sai , Anusha T. , Kumar J. V. Shanmukha , Brahman Pradeep Kumar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDirect alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) have been recently playing a pivotal role in electrochemical energy sources and portable electronics. Research in DAFCs has proceeded to engage major attention due to their high catalytic activity, long‐term stability, portability, and low cost. Herein, we present a facile surfactant‐free route to anchor bimetallic Pd−W nanoparticles supported fullerene‐C60 catalyst (Pd‐W@Fullerene‐C60) for high‐performance electrooxidation of alcohols (methanol & ethanol) for DAFCs applications. Structural, elemental composition, and morphological analysis of the proposed catalyst were carried out using UV‐Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). Electrochemical properties such as electrochemical activity, electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), and long‐term stability of the Pd‐W@Fullerene‐C60 catalyst for ethanol and methanol oxidation in the alkaline medium were explored by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronoamperometry (CA). Results revealed that the proposed catalyst showed enlarged ECSA, tremendous electrocatalytic activity, high poison tolerance limit, good reproducibility, and enhanced long‐term stability as compared to the monometallic catalyst and commercially available catalyst (Pt/C) towards ethanol and methanol oxidation reaction. This enhanced potentiality of the Pd‐W@Fullerene‐C60 catalyst is due to the synergistic effect of W−Pd nanoparticles and excellent electron kinetic from fullerene support material. These findings strongly suggest the Pd‐W@Fullerene‐C60 catalyst as potential anode material for the alcohol oxidation reaction.
Kinetic Spectroelectrochemical Assay for Uric Acid in Human Urine
Authors: Flowers Paul A. , Dong Xin , Bounds Jackson G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA spectroelectrochemical (SEC) assay for uric acid in human urine has been developed that is essentially reagent‐free and involves relatively short analysis times of ∼12 min per specimen using a single‐point standard addition approach. The SEC method was demonstrated to be selective for uric acid in human urine, avoiding interference through both the usual control parameters (electrolysis potential and measurement wavelength) and the relatively slow kinetics of a post‐electrolysis reaction involving the oxidation product. Results from the SEC analysis of a split set of human urine specimens were well correlated to those obtained using a standard high‐performance liquid chromatography method, suggesting the feasibility of clinical applications.
Performance evaluation of microbial fuel cell with sewage wastewater and RO concentrate using composite anode made of Luffa aegyptiaca
Authors: Thakur Somil , Das Bhaskar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicrobial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are capable of producing bioelectricity using bacteria as catalysts that break down the organic matter present in wastewater (WW). The present work demonstrates the synergistic effect of Luffa aegyptiaca (LA) combined with graphite plate as anode material on voltage generation as well as pollution removal as chemical oxygen demand (COD). Three different feed combinations of WW and Reverse Osmosis (RO) concentrate that is ‐ Experiment‐1 (75:25), Experiment‐2 (50:50), and Experiment‐3 (25:75) have been considered and their performances are compared with the system without LA in the anode. The result shows that low organic loading rate (OLR) and more RO concentration in feed inlet led to more voltage and normalized energy recovery (NER) that is – 530 mV and 19.51 Whkg−1 COD−1, respectively.
Steam reforming of tar from raw coke oven gas over bifunctional catalysts: Effects of preparation parameters on CO2 adsorption performance
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Xie Huaqing , Wang Panlei , Li Rongquan , Yu Zhenyu , Yu Qingbo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFrom the thermodynamic analysis of the steam reforming process of raw coke oven gas, the H2 amplification factor after the reforming can reach the highest (over 3.5) in the temperature range between 650 and 800°C, where the bifunctional catalysts to be prepared should have the best CO2 adsorption performances as well as the excellent reforming catalytic performances. In this article, the bifunctional NiO/CaO@C12A7 catalysts were prepared at different preparation parameters, and among them, the catalyst sample prepared at the calcination temperature of 1,000°C and the calcination time of 4 h with co‐precipitation (CP) method showed the best CO2 adsorption capacity as well as the best characterizations. And, in the steam reforming experiments of tar component from RCOG (Raw coke oven gas), under the effect of the bifunctional catalyst, the higher H2 yield was obtained than that over the mixture of the independent reforming catalyst and CO2 sorbent.
Heat and mass transfer in MHD Casson nanofluid flow past a stretching sheet with thermophoresis and Brownian motion
Authors: Venkata Ramudu Ankalagiri Chinna , Anantha Kumar Kempannagari , Sugunamma Vangala , Sandeep Naramgari 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe foremost objective of the current article is to explore the impact of Brownian motion on magnetohydrodynamic Casson nanofluid flow toward a stretching sheet in the attendance of nonlinear thermal radiation. The combined heat and mass transfer characteristics are investigated. The influence of chemical reaction, nonuniform heat source/sink, Soret, and Dufour is deemed. The convective boundary condition is taken. The appropriate transformations are utilized to transform the flow regulating partial differential equations into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (coupled). The numerical outcomes of the converted nonlinear system are solved by the Runge‐Kutta based Shooting procedure. Results indicate that the temperature is an increasing function of both thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters. The concentration of the fluid and the corresponding boundary layer thickness reduces with an enhancement in Lewis number.
Using stable isotopes to estimate young water fractions in a heavily regulated, tropical lowland river basin
Authors: Trinh Anh Duc , Do Thu Nga , Panizzo Virginia N. , McGowan Suzanne , Leng Melanie J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe young water fraction of streamflow (Fyw), an important hydrological variable, has been calculated for the first time, for a monsoon‐fed coastal catchment in northern Vietnam. Oxygen stable isotopes (δ18O) from six river sites in the Day River Basin (DRB) were analysed monthly, between January 2015 and December 2018. River δ18O signatures showed sine wave variability, reflecting the amount effect and tropical (dry‐rainy) seasonality of the region. The δ18O composition of precipitation ranged from −12.67 to +1.68‰, with a mean value of −5.14‰, and in‐streamflow signatures ranged from −11.63 to −1.37‰ with a mean of −5.02‰. Fractions of young water (Fyw) were calculated from the unweighted and flow‐weighted δ18O composition of samples. Unweighted Fyw ranged between 29 ± 8% and 82 ± 21% with a mean value of 51 ± 19%, and was not significantly different from flow‐weighted Fyw (range between 33 ± 25% and 92 ± 73%, mean 52 ± 36%). Both unweighted and flow‐weighted Fyw were highest in the middle of stream and lowest in downstream sites, capturing the impacts of landuse changes, hydrology and human activities in the catchment. Our calculations imply that more than a half of rainwater reaches the DRB river mainstream within the first 3 months. The Fyw is much higher than the global average (of one‐third) and insensitive to discharge due to the combination of a humid catchment with high rainfall, low storage capacity, flat landscape and an intensive drainage system in the DRB. Also the low discharge sensitivity of Fyw in the DRB implies that the regional hydrology is severely altered by humans.
Dynamics between disaggregates of governance and stock market performance in selected South Asia countries
Authors: Ahmed Khalid , Khan Bareerah , Ozturk Ilhan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study explores the dynamics between disaggregated factors of governance and stock market development for the panel of selected South Asian countries (i.e., Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). Using newly developed data for disaggregates of governance with annual frequency between 1996 and 2014, this study pioneers in South Asian context. Doing so, this study incorporates dynamic panel data technique pool mean group estimation for robust and policy oriented outcomes. The empirical results show that three indicators of governance (control of corruption, accountability and rule of law) have a positive and statistically significant impact on stock market development. The results of long‐run estimations are homogenous across the countries but, the short‐run estimates, and the speed of adjustment towards the long‐run equilibrium are found to be heterogeneous. It could be due to volatility effect of governance in each cross section country. From the policy perspective, the study concludes that the institutional quality and governance are the significant factors on market capitalization in the panel countries. The institutional factors (i.e., control of corruption, accountability and rule of law) support stock market development through high market capitalization, strengthens investor's confidence for long term investment in the countries.
The impact of tunnelling on financial distress and resolution: Evidence from listed firms in China
Authors: He Yu , Xu Lei , Yang Minhua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe examine the impact of tunnelling on financial distress in Chinese stock markets, where the agency problem is common due to the weak legal system protecting minority shareholders' interests. Investigating the widespread financial distress among listed firms during the time period 1999–2015, we find that tunnelling is a determinant of financial distress–tunnelling not only leading to financial distress but also prohibiting distress recovery. Regulatory improvements aiming to reduce tunnelling behaviour contribute to the resolution of financial distress, but there is still room to improve. Our results show that state ownership has limited influence on firm operation before financial distress but tends to benefit recovery from periods of distress, which depicts the market economy mechanism in China. Our findings are robust to the potential endogeneity issue and various measures of financial distress.