bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Half‐Heusler Thermoelectric Module with High Conversion Efficiency and High Power Density
Authors: Yu Junjie , Xing Yunfei , Hu Chaoliang , Huang Zhijie , Qiu Qinyi , Wang Chao , Xia Kaiyang , Wang Zhenyi , Bai Shengqiang , Zhao Xinbing , Chen Lidong , Zhu Tiejun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHalf‐Heusler (HH) compounds have shown great potential in waste heat recovery. Among them, p‐type NbFeSb and n‐type ZrNiSn based alloys have exhibited the best thermoelectric (TE) performance. However, TE devices based on NbFeSb‐based HH compounds are rarely studied. In this work, bulk volumes of p‐type (Nb0.8Ta0.2)0.8Ti0.2FeSb and n‐type Hf0.5Zr0.5NiSn0.98Sb0.02 compounds are successfully prepared with good phase purity, compositional homogeneity, and matchable TE performance. The peak zTs are higher than 1.0 at 973 K for Hf0.5Zr0.5NiSn0.98Sb0.02 and at 1200 K for (Nb0.8Ta0.2)0.8Ti0.2FeSb. Based on an optimal design by a full‐parameters 3D finite element model, a single stage TE module with 8 n‐p HH couples is assembled. A high conversion efficiency of 8.3% and high power density of 2.11 W cm−2 are obtained when hot and cold side temperatures are 997 and 342 K, respectively. Compared to the previous TE module assembled by the same materials, the conversion efficiency is enhanced by 33%, while the power density is almost the same. Given the excellent mechanical robustness and thermal stability, matchable thermal expansion coefficient and TE properties of NbFeSb and ZrNiSn based HH alloys, this work demonstrates their great promise for power generation with both high conversion efficiency and high power density.
Diversity, distribution, development, and evolution of medullary bundles in Nyctaginaceae
Authors: da Cunha Neto Israel L. , Pace Marcelo R. , Douglas Norman A. , Nee Michael H. , de Sá Cyl Farney C. , Moore Michael J. , Angyalossy Veronica 
Published: May 2020

PremiseMedullary bundles, i.e., vascular units in the pith, have evolved multiple times in vascular plants. However, no study has ever explored their anatomical diversity and evolution within a phylogenetic framework. Here, we investigated the development of the primary vascular system within Nyctaginaceae showing how medullary bundles diversified within the family.MethodsDevelopment of 62 species from 25 of the 31 genera of Nyctaginaceae in stem samples was thoroughly studied with light microscopy and micro‐computed tomography. Ancestral states were reconstructed using a maximum likelihood approach.ResultsTwo subtypes of eusteles were found, the regular eustele, lacking medullary bundles, observed exclusively in representatives of Leucastereae, and the polycyclic eustele, containing medullary bundles, found in all the remaining taxa. Medullary bundles had the same origin and development, but the organization was variable and independent of phyllotaxy. Within the polycyclic eustele, medullary bundles developed first, followed by the formation of a continuous concentric procambium, which forms a ring of vascular bundles enclosing the initially formed medullary bundles. The regular eustele emerged as a synapomorphy of Leucastereae, while the medullary bundles were shown to be a symplesiomorphy for Nyctaginaceae.ConclusionsMedullary bundles in Nyctaginaceae developed by a single shared pathway, that involved the departure of vascular traces from lateral organs toward the pith. These medullary bundles were encircled by a continuous concentric procambium that also constituted the polycyclic eustele, which was likely a symplesiomorphy for Nyctaginaceae with one single reversion to the regular eustele.
The behavioral profile of children aged 1–5 years with sex chromosome trisomy (47,XXX, 47,XXY, 47,XYY)
Authors: Urbanus Evelien , Swaab Hanna , Tartaglia Nicole , Cordeiro Lisa , van Rijn Sophie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChildren with SCT have an increased risk of suboptimal neurodevelopment. Previous studies have shown an elevated risk for neurobehavioral problems in individuals with SCT. However, not much is known about neurobehavioral problems in very young children; knowledge that could help with early identification of children at risk for suboptimal development, and that could help establish targets for early intervention. This study addressed the question of what the behavioral profile of children with SCT aged 1–5 years looks like. In total, 182 children aged 1–5 years participated in this study (NSCT=87, Nnonclinical controls = 95). Recruitment and assessment took place in the Netherlands and the United States. The SCT group was recruited through prospective follow‐up (50%), information seeking parents (31%), and clinical referral (18%). Behavioral profiles were assessed with the child behavior checklist and the ages‐and‐stages social–emotional questionnaire.Levels of parent‐rated problem behavior were higher in children with SCT. Difficulties with overall social–emotional functioning were already present in 1‐year‐olds, and elevated scores were persistent across the full age range. Affective and pervasive developmental behaviors were seen in late toddlerhood and prominent at preschool age. Anxiety, attention deficit, and oppositional defiant behaviors were seen in preschool‐aged children. Within this cross‐sectional study, the developmental trajectory of affective, pervasive developmental, and oppositional defiant behaviors seemed to be different for SCT children than nonclinical controls.Collectively, these results demonstrate the importance of behavioral screening for behavioral problems in routine clinical care for children with SCT from a young age. Social–emotional problems may require special attention, as these problems seem most prominent, showing increased risk across the full age range, and with these problems occurring regardless of the timing of diagnosis, and across all three SCT karyotypes.
Construction of Liposomes Mimicking Cell Membrane Structure through Frame‐Guided Assembly
Authors: Wang Chao , Piao Jiafang , Li Yujie , Tian Xiancheng , Dong Yuanchen , Liu Dongsheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe shape of eukaryotic cells is determined by the cytoskeleton associated with membrane proteins; however, the detailed mechanism of how the integral morphologies with structural stability is generated and maintained is still not fully understood. Here, based on the Frame‐Guided Assembly (FGA) strategy, we successfully prepared hetero‐liposomes with structural composition similar to that of eukaryotic cells by screening a series of transmembrane peptides as the leading hydrophobic groups (LHGs). It was demonstrated that the conformation and transmembrane mode of the LHGs played dominant roles during the FGA process. The FGA liposomes were formed with excellent stability, which may further provide evidence for the cytoskeleton–membrane protein–lipid bilayer model. Taking advantage of the biocompatibility and stability, the FGA liposomes were also applied to prepare novel drug delivery vehicles, which is promising in diagnostic imaging and cancer therapy applications.
Innovative Verfahren zur Synthese von Luminogenen mit aggregationsinduzierter Emission
Authors: Yan Dingyuan , Wu Qian , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWegen ihrer Vorteile haben Luminogene mit aggregationsinduzierter Emission (AIEgene) in einer Reihe von Anwendungsbereichen weltweit wachsendes Interesse auf sich gezogen. Während allgemeine Verfahren zur Synthese von AIEgenen im Wesentlichen auf schwierigen Abläufen und eingeschränkten Reaktionstypen beruhen, haben sich in diesem Zusammenhang verschiedene innovative Syntheseverfahren als ergänzende oder sogar alternative Strategien herausgebildet. In diesem Aufsatz zeigen wir systematisch die neuesten Fortschritte bei der metallkatalysierten Funktionalisierung und den nicht metallgeförderten Wegen zum Aufbau von AIEgenen der letzten fünf Jahre auf und erläutern kurz neue Perspektiven auf diesem Gebiet. Die Entwicklung innovativer Verfahren ist vielversprechend für die zukünftige Herstellung von AIEgenen, wobei eine einfache Synthese, eine große Strukturvielfalt und multifunktionale Anwendungen ermöglicht werden sollen.
Femtosecond Polarization Switching in the Crystal of a [CrCo] Dinuclear Complex
Authors: Kuramochi Hikaru , Aoyama Genki , Okajima Hajime , Sakamoto Akira , Kanegawa Shinji , Sato Osamu , Takeuchi Satoshi , Tahara Tahei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCapability to control macroscopic molecular properties with external stimuli offers the possibility to exploit molecules as switching devices of various types. However, application of such molecular‐level switching has often been limited by its speed and thus efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate ultrafast, photoinduced polarization switching in the crystal of a [CrCo] dinuclear complex by ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy in the visible and mid‐infrared regions. The photoinduced polarization switching was found to have a time constant of 280 fs, which makes the [CrCo] complex crystal the fastest polarization‐switching material realized using the metastable state. Moreover, the pump–probe data in the visible region reveal the pronounced appearance of coherent nuclear wavepacket motion with a frequency as low as 22 cm−1, which we attribute to a lattice vibrational mode. The pronounced non‐Condon effect for its resonance Raman enhancement implies that this mode couples the relevant electronic states, thereby facilitating the ultrafast polarization switching.
Heteroatom Dopants Promote Two‐Electron O2 Reduction for Photocatalytic Production of H2O2 on Polymeric Carbon Nitride
Authors: Zhang Peng , Tong Yawen , Liu Yong , Vequizo Junie Jhon M. , Sun Hongwei , Yang Can , Yamakata Akira , Fan Fengtao , Lin Wei , Wang Xinchen , Choi Wonyong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolymeric carbon nitride modified with selected heteroatom dopants was prepared and used as a model photocatalyst to identify and understand the key mechanisms required for efficient photoproduction of H2O2 via selective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The photochemical production of H2O2 was achieved at a millimolar level per hour under visible‐light irradiation along with 100 % apparent quantum yield (in 360–450 nm region) and 96 % selectivity in an electrochemical system (0.1 V vs. RHE). Spectroscopic analysis in spatiotemporal resolution and theoretical calculations revealed that the synergistic association of alkali and sulfur dopants in the polymeric matrix promoted the interlayer charge separation and polarization of trapped electrons for preferable oxygen capture and reduction in ORR kinetics. This work highlights the key features that are responsible for controlling the photocatalytic activity and selectivity toward the two‐electron ORR, which should be the basis of further development of solar H2O2 production.
“To protect my health or to protect my health privacy?” A mixed‐methods investigation of the privacy paradox
Authors: Fox Grace 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the role of privacy in the health context by investigating the influence of privacy concerns and perceived benefits on individuals' acceptance of health technologies used by healthcare providers and their own adoption of mobile health technologies. The study adopts a two‐stage sequential mixed‐methods design. The first stage is a quantitative survey of 447 citizens from two countries. The second stage involves 50 qualitative interviews which further untangle the roles of privacy concern and benefits. The integrated findings provide evidence that a privacy paradox exists. While individuals continue to express a high desire for privacy, their consideration of the benefits and privacy concerns prior to adoption is largely skewed toward the benefits, due to a lack of privacy knowledge, emphasis on immediate gratification, overestimation of the benefits, and underestimation of the risks. The study further extends the privacy calculus theory to the health context and acknowledges the factors impacting this comparison of benefits and privacy concerns prior to and postadoption of a new technology. The study provides actionable insights for practice, highlighting the importance of privacy education to foster awareness and control mechanisms to negate the potential negative effects of privacy concern.
Alteration in faecal bile acids, gut microbial composition and diversity after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Ikeda T , Aida M , Yoshida Y , Matsumoto S , Tanaka M , Nakayama J , Nagao Y , Nakata R , Oki E , Akahoshi T , Okano S , Nomura M , Hashizume M , Maehara Y 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a well established treatment for severe obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although the gut microbiota is linked to the efficacy of LSG, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The effect of LSG for morbid obesity on the gut microbiota and bile acids was assessed here.

Methods
Severely obese subjects who were candidates for LSG were included and followed until 6 months after surgery. The composition and abundance of the microbiota and bile acids in faeces were assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.

Results
In total, 28 patients with a mean(s.d.) BMI of 44·2(6·6) kg/m2 were enrolled. These patients had achieved excess weight loss of 53·2(19·0) per cent and showed improvement in metabolic diseases by 6 months after LSG, accompanied by an alteration in the faecal microbial community. The increase in α-diversity and abundance of specific taxa, such as Rikenellaceae and Christensenellaceae, was strongly associated with reduced faecal bile acid levels. These changes had a significant positive association with excess weight loss and metabolic alterations. However, the total number of faecal bacteria was lower in patients before (mean(s.d.) 10·26(0·36) log10 cells per g faeces) and after (10·39(0·29) log10 cells per g faeces) operation than in healthy subjects (10·83(0·27) log10 cells per g faeces).

Conclusion
LSG is associated with a reduction in faecal bile acids and greater abundance of specific bacterial taxa and α-diversity that may contribute to the metabolic changes.
Effects of different graphene‐based nanomaterials as elicitors on growth and ganoderic acid production by Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Darzian Rostami Arash , Yazdian Fatemeh , Mirjani Rohallah , Soleimani Mohammad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGraphene‐based nanomaterials (GBNs) have attracted considerable interest nowadays due to their wide range of applications. However, very little attention has been paid to the application of nanomaterials as potential elicitors for production of valuable metabolites. Herein, aiming to earn insight into effects of nanomaterials on secondary metabolite biosynthesis by medicinal fungi, we evaluated the influence of GBNs on growth and production of ganoderic acid (GA) by Ganoderma lucidum in submerged culture. Graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and rGO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite were synthesized successfully and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The prepared nanomaterials were added to the culture of G. lucidum at final concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg/L on Day 5. The results showed that the elicitation of G. lucidum with GO and rGO decreased the cell dry weight and GA production slightly, especially in higher concentrations. However, rGO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite not negatively affected cell growth and improved GA production. G. lucidum growth rate responded to elicitation experiments differently and depended on the type of nanomaterials and their concentrations, but almost all GBNs caused an increase in GA content (mg/100 mg dry weight). Also, field emission scanning electron microscopy morphological study showed that under elicitation, mycelia were more condensed and tightly stacked together. The findings from this study may suggest that GBNs in low concentrations could be applied as elicitors to secondary metabolites production from higher fungus, but further environmental, physiological, and biological studies required.
Chemistry and Bioactivities of Secondary Metabolites from the Genus Talaromyces
Authors: Lan Donghe , Wu Bin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFungi have especially captured the interest and fascination of natural product chemists in that they produce a dizzying array of natural organic molecules with many unique functional groups and atom arrangements. In this review, we focus on the genus Talaromyces (Trichocomaceae) which has been a hot spot of natural product studies over the last three decades. This review summarized the discovery, structures, and bioactivities of various classes of 151 compounds isolated from both terrestrial and marine derived fungal strains of the genus Talaromyces reported from 1994 to 2019.
Robotic‐assisted percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID‐19 patient
Authors: Tabaza Luai , Virk Hafeez ul Hassan , Janzer Sean , George Jon C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is the biggest global health threat in the 21st century. We describe a case of a patient with suspected COVID‐19 who needed urgent coronary artery interrogation, in which we utilized robotic assistance to minimize the risk of exposure to COVID‐19 and reduced personal protective equipment needed by the procedural team.
Successful treatment of HIV‐associated lupus‐like glomerulonephritis with mycophenolic acid
Authors: Tiong Mark , Wilson Scott , Pham Alan , Chrysostomou Anastasia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHIV‐associated lupus‐like glomerulonephritis is an uncommon but well‐described entity. Treatment has traditionally focused on control of HIV viremia with some using adjuvant steroids. Mycophenolic acid may prove to be a novel, nonsteroid, therapy in patients with active glomerulonephritis despite control of the underlying infection.
Cyclization from Higher Excited States of Diarylethenes Having a Substituted Azulene Ring
Authors: Hattori Yohei , Maejima Tatsuya , Sawae Yumi , Kitai Jun‐ichiro , Morimoto Masakazu , Toyoda Ryojun , Nishihara Hiroshi , Yokojima Satoshi , Nakamura Shinichiro , Uchida Kingo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe cyclization reaction of diarylethenes having an azulene ring occurs only via higher excited states. Novel diarylethenes having an azulene ring with a strong donor or acceptor were synthesized and examined in these reactions. A derivative having an electron‐donating 1,3‐benzodithiol‐2‐ylidenemethyl group at the 1‐position of the azulene ring showed photochromism, whereas neither a derivative having a π‐conjugated electron‐donating group at the 3‐position of the azulene ring nor derivatives having a π‐conjugated electron‐withdrawing group at the 1‐ or 3‐position of the azulene ring showed any photochromism. The photoreactivities of these compounds were explained by calculating forces and bond orders on the excited states using density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent (TD)‐DFT.
Synthetic cultivar parent number impacts on genetic drift and disease resistance in alfalfa
Authors: Steinmetz Olivia J. , Huset David E. , Rouse Douglas I. , Raasch John A. , Gutiérrez Lucia , Riday Heathcliffe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) varieties are generally bred as synthetics. The number of selected parents to create a variety is important during breeding, as alfalfa suffers from severe inbreeding depression. In this study, we tested if there was more genetic drift in synthetic populations with fewer parents (i.e., narrow‐based synthetics) as measured by two parameters: a loss of allelic richness and changes in disease resistance. Out of five base germplasms, parents were selected based on plant field vigor to create derived narrow‐based (six‐parent) and broad‐based (56‐ to 86‐parent) synthetics in order to test the new synthetics compared with their base populations for resistance to four diseases: anthracnose, Phytophthora root rot (PRR), Aphanomyces root rot (ARR), and Fusarium wilt (FW). Using simple sequence repeat (SSR) DNA markers, we also calculated allele frequency changes and allele richness for the original populations and the selected parents of the derived synthetics. Based on the DNA markers, we saw strong evidence of greater genetic drift in the narrow‐based selections compared with the broad‐based selections. The narrow selections had greater allele frequency changes and had fewer (11.5–33.9% fewer) alleles compared with the broad selections and original populations. There was only moderate evidence of genetic drift affecting disease resistance. Within some populations, parent number had an effect on anthracnose and FW resistance, but not PRR or ARR resistance. We suspect that because disease resistance is a complex, often multigenic trait in alfalfa, disease resistance is less influenced by genetic drift, particularly compared with neutral DNA markers.
DNA content abnormality in oral submucous fibrosis concomitant leukoplakia: A preliminary evaluation of the diagnostic and clinical implications
Authors: Xiao Xuan , Hu Yuhua , Li Chenxi , Shi Linjun , Liu Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is an insidious chronic oral and oropharyngeal potentially malignant disorder. Our previously studies reported that DNA image cytometry (ICM) using brushing added in the diagnosis of high‐grade dysplasia and staging of oral leukoplakia (OLK). This preliminary study aimed to investigate the abnormal rate of DNA content in 30 cases of OSF including three cases of OSF concomitant OLK and evaluate their the diagnostic and clinical implications with special emphasis on the OSF concomitant OLK. Brushing and biopsy sample form each patient was processed by DNA‐ICM and histological examination, respectively. The results of DNA‐ICM analysis showed that all the lesions from the 27 patients with OSF only were identified as normal DNA content. Strikingly, two of three cases of OSF concomitant OLK were identified as abnormal DNA content, and one case of whom progressed to early oral squamous cell carcinoma at the follow‐up of 31 months. Collectively, this preliminary evaluation revealed that DNA content abnormality was hardly observed in OSF only; however, it may be usually observed in OSF concomitant OLK, whom should be monitored on a priority basis for early detection of carcinoma. Multicenter large studies are needed to validate the findings of the current study.
Expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 in imprint smears of endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Kosmas Konstantinos , Mitropoulou Georgia , Stamoulas Marios , Marouga Anna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundWorldwide, endometrial carcinoma is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers among women and a considerable cause of death. The aims of this study were to determine the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in endometrial adenocarcinoma in imprint smears as an alternative technique and to correlate the results with clinicopathologic parameters of primary untreated endometrial cancer patients.MethodsOne hundred twenty‐six patients with endometrial carcinoma were evaluated with samples freshly resected after a total abdominal hysterectomy during a 29‐month period. The cytologic imprint smears were obtained by touching the cut surface of cancer tissues and the expression of COX‐2 was assessed by immunocytochemistry.ResultsThe positive expression of COX‐2 in malignant cells, was accompanied by morphologic features of more aggressiveness (pathogenetic type II, advanced clinical stage, mainly high grade, deep myometrial involvement >1/2) tumors and the affected from the disease lymph nodes cases showed higher positivity (41.2%) than the non‐affected (13.4%).ConclusionImmunocytochemical findings from COX‐2 stain in cancer cells could be a predictor of prognosis in most cases in endometrial cytology with imprint smears. Furthermore, positive expression of COX‐2 in cancer cells was related to morphologic features of more aggressiveness tumors.