bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polonia: el país que salvó Europa en la guerra Polaco-Bolchevique
Authors: Orella José Luis 
Published: November 2020

Polska: kraj, który uratował Europę w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej
Streszczenie: Wojna polsko-bolszewicka była ważnym wydarzeniem po I wojnie światowej i kluczowym dla obronienia niepodległości młodego państwa polskiego. Jednakże walki graniczne na wschodzie oznaczały też walkę z ekspansją bolszewików i uratowały Europę przed wojskami rewolucyjnymi. Hiszpanie dowiadywali się o tych wydarzeniach z kronik Sofíi Casanovy, która chciała zwrócić uwagę rodaków na wydarzenia w Polsce. Zwycięstwo zasiało jednak ziarna konfliktu, który przerodził się w II wojnę światową, w której secesjonistyczne mniejszości i potężni sąsiedzi, tacy jak ZSRR i nacjonalistyczne Niemcy, sięgnęli po polskie ziemie.
El centenario de la guerra polaco-bolchevique fue uno de los hechos importantes que se dieron después de la Primera Guerra Mundial y fue determinante en el proceso de salvar la soberanía del nuevo Estado polaco. Sin embargo, las luchas fronterizas en el este también supusieron su choque con la expansión de la revolución que pretendían los bolcheviques, y que significó la salvación de Europa, en la trinchera de Varsovia. Los españoles fuimos, en su tiempo, testigos de los acontecimientos a través de las crónicas de Sofía Casanova, quien pretendía llamar la atención de España de lo que sucedía en Polonia. Sin embargo, la victoria traerá la semilla de la violencia que estallará en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, con grandes minorías secesionistas y con vecinos poderosos, como la URSS y la Alemania nacionalista, que ambicionarán las tierras del llano polaco.
Marynarze w walce o granice i niepodległość Polski w latach 1918-1920
Authors: Nawrot Dariusz 
Published: November 2020

Miejsce i rola Polskiej Marynarki Wojennej w walce o granice i niepodległość w latach 1918-1920 to temat, który nie znalazł dotąd godnego miejsca w piśmiennictwie naukowym. Pomimo iż ukazało się wiele opracowań na temat narodzin Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej, to tylko nieznaczny ich procent traktuje o roli Polskiej Marynarki Wojennej w tym obszarze.
Tymczasem – moim zdaniem – nawet pobieżna analiza dokonań marynarzy w tym obszarze upoważnia nas do stwierdzenia, iż była ona znacząca zarówno w czasie pokoju, jak i w czasie wojny. Szczególnym tego wyrazem była rola Polskiej Marynarki Wojennej w rewindykacji Pomorza i udział marynarzy w wojnie polsko-rosyjskiej. Trzeba dodać, że marynarze w wojnie polsko-rosyjskiej walczyli nie tylko na wodzie (Flotylle Rzeczne: Pińska i Wiślana), ale także na lądzie w roli piechoty. Do tego bezprecedensowego w historii wojskowości zdarzenia, jakim było powołanie rozkazem Ministra Spraw Wojskowych Pułku Morskiego, doszło na wniosek ówczesnego dowódcy Polskiej Marynarki Wojennej, kontradmirała Kazimierza Porębskiego.
Tym intrygującym zagadnieniom związanym z genezą, rozwojem i działalnością Polskiej Marynarki Wojennej w okresie budowy zrębów II Rzeczypospolitej poświęcony jest niniejszy artykuł, opracowany na podstawie najnowszych przedmiotowych badań.
Górny Śląsk a wojna polsko-bolszewicka na łamach „Gwiazdki Cieszyńskiej”. Relacje i komentarze
Authors: Janeczek Zdzisław 
Published: November 2020

Autor na podstawie kwerendy prasy, głównie „Gwiazdki Cieszyńskiej” z lat 1920-1921, zaprezentował zależności, jakie łączyły Górny Śląsk i Rzeczpospolitą w okresie wojny polsko-bolszewickiej, a w szczególności latem 1920 r., gdy rozegrała się bitwa warszawska. Pokłosiem „cudu nad Wisłą” był „cud nad Odrą”.
Powodzenie militarne bitwy warszawskiej i trzeciego powstania śląskiego skutkowało włączeniem w granice II Rzeczypospolitej wschodniej części Górnego Śląska, która była drugim zagłębiem przemysłowym Europy. Wydarzenie to zmieniło w znaczący sposób strukturę gospodarczą rolniczej Polski, upodobniając stosunki polskie do krajów o kulturze kapitalistycznej. Przyłączenie części tej historycznej prowincji, którą Jan Długosz zaliczał do części „ciała Korony Polskiej”, ze względu na wielkość potencjału przemysłowego i wojskowego tego obszaru było dużym wydarzeniem nie tylko politycznym, ale i gospodarczym, a także wojskowym. Górny Śląsk był największym okręgiem przemysłowym w kraju. Fakt ten podkreślała „Gwiazdka Cieszyńska” w artykule O znaczeniu Górnego Śląska opublikowanym w numerze 215 z 1920 r.
Inter arma enim silent leges (In times of war, the laws fall silent). Violence in Medieval warfare
Authors: Niewiński Andrzej 
Published: November 2020

Inter arma enim silent leges (W czasie wojny milczą prawa). Przemoc w średniowiecznej wojnie
Niniejszy artykuł porusza temat przemocy podczas działań wojennych w wiekach średnich. Średniowieczni kronikarze i pisarze podają liczne przykłady okrucieństw i masakr dokonywanych podczas konfliktów zbrojnych na jeńcach i osobach niebiorących udziału w walkach. Już w XI wieku Kościół podejmował pierwsze próby nałożenia ograniczeń na sposób prowadzenia wojen. W przedstawionym tekście zbadano, czy wysiłki te (wraz z kodeksem rycerskim, rozporządzeniami królewskimi i pismami na temat ius in bello) wpłynęły na zachowanie żołnierzy i przyczyniły się do zmniejszania cierpień cywili. Ostatecznie stwierdzono, że zasadniczo nie przyniosły oczekiwanych rezultatów.
„Był daleki od nienawiści, także w stosunku do swoich oprawców...” Sprawa Adama Gajdka jako przykład zbrodni komunistycznej
Authors: Rzeczkowska Ewa 
Published: November 2020

Adam Gajdek brał udział w kampanii polskiej we wrześniu 1939 r., walcząc w 3 Pułku Strzelców Podhalańskich w Bielsku. W 1940 r., przybrawszy pseudonim „Olek”, wstąpił do Związku Walki Zbrojnej, a następnie Armii Krajowej. Po wkroczeniu do Polski wojsk sowieckich pozostał w konspiracji. Brał udział m.in. w nieudanej akcji na więzienie w rzeszowskim zamku przeprowadzonej 7-8 października 1944 r. Na początku 1947 r. wstąpił do Zrzeszenia „Wolność i Niezawisłość”. W kwietniu 1947 r. objął funkcję kierownika organizacyjnego powstałej pod koniec 1946 r. siatki wywiadowczej o kryptonimie „Instytut Bakteriologiczny”, podlegając bezpośrednio kierownikowi Wydziału Informacji IV Zarządu Głównego WiN Mieczysławowi Kawalcowi. Aresztowany 17 października 1947 r. przez funkcjonariuszy Wojewódzkiego Urzędu Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego w Krakowie, przeszedł w tym mieście wstępne śledztwo, a następnie został przewieziony do aresztu Ministerstwa Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego w Warszawie. Jesienią 1948 r. jego sprawę skierowano do stołecznego Wojskowego Sądu Rejonowego. Wyrokiem z 23 października 1948 r. Adam Gajdek skazany został na karę śmierci. Naczelny Sąd Wojskowy oddalił skargę rewizyjną, a prezydent Bolesław Bierut nie skorzystał z prawa łaski, wobec czego 14 stycznia 1949 r. Adama Gajdka stracono w więzieniu przy ulicy Rakowieckiej w Warszawie.
Listy więzienne Mieczysława Zajewskiego pseudonim „Turbacz” (1918-1988)
Authors: Zajewski Władysław 
Published: November 2020

Artykuł zawiera zbiór listów żołnierza Armii Krajowej i uczestnika operacji „Ostra Brama” Mieczysława Zajewskiego ps. „Turbacz”, napisanych w latach 1949-1951 z aresztu w Łodzi oraz więzienia w Rawiczu. Można powiedzieć, że jego losy to typowa historia oficera AK. Po „wyzwoleniu” przedostał się z Litwy do centralnej Polski, a tam oskarżony został przez komunistów o działalność antypaństwową i skazany na pobyt w więzieniu. Edycję listów poprzedza wprowadzenie prof. Władysława Zajewskiego, będące jednocześnie wspomnieniem o starszym bracie. Poznajemy dzięki niemu historię życia Mieczysława Zajewskiego i jego najbliższej rodziny.
OS DESAFIOS DOS PROCESSOS FORMATIVOS DOS PROFESSORES INCLUSIVOS: PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS DOS DOCENTES NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Ziesmann Cleusa Inês , Thomas Isabel Follman 
Published: November 2020

Sabemos que um dos grandes desafios das instituições de ensino é proporcionar o acesso e a permanência dos alunos, em todos os níveis de ensino, respeitando as suas especificidades e necessidades durante o seu processo de aprendizagem. Assim, o objetivo é perceber como os professores compreendem a inclusão a partir de suas práticas pedagógicas e suas concepções sobre como essas práticas podem afetar os sujeitos no processo de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento na sala de aula. A pesquisa contou com uma revisão bibliográfica completada pela pesquisa de campo qualitativa. Para a produção de dados utilizou-se a observação das atividades em sala de aula e entrevistas semiestruturadas com professoras do ensino fundamental, educadoras especiais e monitoras que atendem alunos incluídos em duas escolas municipais. Para a Análise de Conteúdo foi escolhida as concepções de Bardin (2011). Acreditamos que nossas inferências nos espaços investigados podem contribuir para fomentar as discussões e reflexões sobre o processo inclusivo, contribuindo para que as práticas pedagógicas venham ao encontro das necessidades dos educandos e aos direitos para uma educação de qualidade em todos os níveis de ensino.
Comparison of Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation with Bone Marrow or Peripheral Blood Derived Stem-Cell Transplantation in Transfusion Dependent Thalassemia Patients: A Single Center Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Rostami Tahereh , Kasaeian Amir , Kiumarsi Azadeh , Rad Soroush , Mohammadzadeh Elham , Mousavi Seied Asadollah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) could cure the hematological manifestations of transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT), but introduces risks of morbidity and mortality. Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) is considered as an acceptable strategy, by providing a condensed graft versus host disease (GvHD). This paper compares the outcomes of UCBT with HSCT from peripheral blood and bone marrow in TDT patients.Methods: Between 1998 and 2014, 10 patients with TDT underwent UCBT, which were matched with 20 patients undergone BMSCT and 20 patients undergone PBSCT, by using propensity score matching (PSM) for age, gender and thalassemia class. All patients received the same myeloablative conditioning regimen and were transplanted from a fully HLA matched sibling donor. Results: The median follow-up time after HSCT was 5.7 years. Rejection incidence was 70.0% (95% CI = 28.1%-90.4%) after UCBT, 25.6% (95% CI = 8.9%-46.4%) after BMSCT, and no rejection occurred in the PBSCT group. Acute GVHD incidence was 20.0% (95% CI = 2.6%-49.0%), 35.0% (95% CI = 15.1%-55.8%), and 40.0% (95% CI = 18.6%-60.6%) in patients undergone UCBT, BMSCT and PBSCT, respectively (P=0.62). The incidence of chronic GVHD was 7.2% (95% CI = 0.3%-28.7%), and 35.2% (95% CI = 13.7%-57.8%) in patients undergone BMSCT and PBSCT, respectively (P=0.026) and none of the patients in the UCBT group experienced chronic GvHD. Conclusions: Although the overall survival is not significantly influenced by the graft source, due to the high incidence of rejection after UCBT, the probability of thalassemia free survival is very low in these patients.
Correlation between the growth and development of extremely preterm infants in intensive care units and the intestinal microecology
Authors: Ding Ying-xue , Wang Shou-ni , Cui Hong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To study the association between the growth and development of extremely preterm infants at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and their intestinal microfloraMethods: Extremely low gestational age infants admitted to the NICU were included in this study. The subjects were divided into the extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) group and normal growth group, and the growth and development were evaluated at 2 and 4 weeks after birth. Meanwhile, the stool samples were taken to perform high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing of the intestinal microflora.Results: A total of 22 infants were included. There was no significant difference in the alpha diversity indexes the two groups at 2 weeks or 4 weeks after birth. The beta diversity analysis showed that the principal components of the intestinal microflora were similar between the two groups. LEfSe analysis showed that after 2 weeks of birth, the items with an absolute LDA higher than 4 included Streptococcaceae, Streptococcus, Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidales and Stenotrophomonas in the EUGR group and Enterococcaceae and Enterococcus in the control group. At the 4th week after birth, the items with an absolute LDA higher than 3 in the EUGR group included Clostriaceae, Eubacteriaceae and Eubacterium. The microbial community composition comparison showed significant differences in the principle components of Enterococcus and Streptococcus on the family and genus levels.Conclusion: The diversity and richness of the intestinal microflora in preterm infants at the NICU are significantly insufficient, and the establishment of intestinal homeostasis is obviously delayed, which may cause growth retardation.
Fabrication of New Generation of Nanocomposite Ceramic Coatings on Magnesium Alloys for Orthopedic Applications
Authors: Kolooshani Amin , Kolahdooz Amin , Khandan Amirsalar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
properties such as biocompatibility and proper bioactivity response. The aim of the present study was to investigate the bioactivity of wollastonite-hydroxyapatite (WS-HA) bio-nanocomposite for the treatment of orthopedic prosthesis coatings approaches by adding magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4; MNPs) and single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to the matrix. Bio-nanocomposite coated on AZ91 for 40 minutes at 40 volts using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and after that the heat treatment performed at 550-650°C for 1 hour. The coats were incubated in simulated body fluid (SBF) and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) for 28 days to detect and confirm apatite-like layer formation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to characterize the phase and morphology of the coated sample. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) tests were used to evaluate the concentrations of calcium and silicon ions. The finding from the present study showed the successful coating with 10 wt% MNPs added to the WS bio-nanocomposite with proper biological and chemical properties. Bio-nanocomposite coating can be considered as a suitable candidate for orthopedic coating applications due to its favorable bioactivity.
Endoscopic Ear Surgery for the Management of Traumatic Ossicular Disruption with Intact Tympanic Membrane
Authors: Zhang Chunlin , Long Dan , Deng Yuan , Ynag Mei , Guo Dandan , Liu Zhaohui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Traumatic ossicular disruption (TOD) usually had a severe conductive hearing loss, the exploratory tympanotomy is critical for the diagnosis and improve hearing. Endoscopic ear surgery (EES) is becoming popular in the last decade, we conducted a retrospective study to explore the efficacy of EES for management of TOD and the accompanied injuries.Methods A retrospective study was performed on 18 ears (16 patients) of TOD with intact TM from May 2017 to Jun 2019 in our department. EES was conducted to check the ossicular chain anomalies, and to perform the ossiculoplasty and facial nerve (FN) decompression depending on the intraoperative findings. Hearing outcomes and surgical complications were assessed at 6 months postoperatively. Results The incus injury was the most common type of TOD, which was observed in 14 ears (77.8%), stapes suprastructure fracture was observed in 4 ears (22.2%). FN injury was found in 4 out of 13 ears with temporal bone fracture (TBF), the injury sites were mainly located in the perigeniculate area and the tympanic segment of FN. It showed the postoperative average pure-tone average (PTA) gain was 22.9 ± 9.5 dB, and the average ABG closure was 22.2 ± 8.3 dB, ABG closure to 20 dB or less and ABG closure to 10 dB or less were achieved in 18 ears (100%) and 14 ears (77.8%), respectively. The facial function achieved favorable recovery of House-Brackmann (H-B) grade Ⅰ (3 ears) and grade Ⅱ (1 ear) in all the 4 cases in 6 months after surgery. No iatrogenic FN paralysis and significant sensorineural hearing loss were observed. Conclusions ESS was effective in diagnosis and management of TOD and the accompanied otologic injuries, such as FN paralysis, it showed favorable surgical outcomes. ESS provides an alternative method to manage TOD with the advantage of excellent vision and less invasion.
Clinical Retrospective Analysis of Critically Severe Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: YU XIAOPING , GUO ZHENG , LIU JUN , WU JIAN , ZHOU JUNLI 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundToexploretheclinicaldiagnosisandtreatmentoffatalnecrotizingfasciitis.MethodsRetrospective analysis of simple data from January 1, 2014 to November 1, 2019, on the clinical data of the Department of Burns, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, and the diagnosis and treatment methods were discussed.ResultsThe usual causes of necrosis and fasciitis are as follows. 1. Small trauma such as mosquito bites, pressure sores, and local trauma; 2. Patients suffering from minor trauma did not receive regular treatment in time, and only went to the hospital when local redness, pain, and dysfunction occurred, and were misdiagnosed as cellulitis;3. When a paraplegic patient has a Sacrococcygeal pressure ulcer and has whole-body fever or low-grade fever, and there is inflammation around the pressure ulcer, and redness and swelling spread to one lower limb or both lower limbs, necrotizing fasciitis should be highly suspected; 4. Patients’ wounds cannot be debrided in a timely and effective manner. Generally, inexperienced doctors have incomplete incision and drainage, which causes necrosis to continue to spread along the fascia to the distal limbs.Conclusion1. The diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis mainly depends on clinical manifestations, and early diagnosis is the key; 2. When the patient has local trauma with local inflammation, and fever or hypothermia throughout the body, necrotizing fasciitis should be highly suspected, and the differential diagnosis should be made with cellulitis. When it is difficult to distinguish, a diagnostic surgical incision can be performed; 3. The operation should be thorough, fully cut and drained to avoid necrosis spreading to the distal limbs along the fascial space; 4. Necrotizing fasciitis should be systemic comprehensive treatment, rational use of antibiotics, correction of water and electrolyte disorders, early active and thorough debridement, and effective sealing of the wound.
Prevalence of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain among Adult Diabetic Patients (T2DM) with Peripheral Neuropathy and Quality of Life of the Patients with Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Abu-Shennar Jawad Ahmad , Bayraktar Nurhan , Bebis Hatice 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) among adult patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) as well as to determine the quality of life of patients with DPNP.Materials and method: The study designed in cross-sectional research model was conducted at the Jordanian Ministry of Health in Jordan, Amman during the period from 15 June 2019 to 5 October 2019. A total of 400 adult T2DM patients with DNP were recruited for the study. Data were collected by way of an assessment tool package, including descriptive data (demographics, anthropometric measurements, laboratory measurements, and clinical data), the Douleur Neuropathique4 (DN4) questionnaire, physical exam, Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D), and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS). To analyze study data descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: Results of the current study showed that the prevalence of DPNP among adult T2DM patients with DPN was high (47.8%). About half of the participants had mild or moderate pain with the most frequently reported symptoms of tingling and burning. Uncontrolled diabetes was found to be the main predictor of DPNP among patients with DPN. Participants who had DPNP reported having problems in connection with mobility, self-care, routine activities, discomfort, and anxiety or/and depression, and they had a significantly lower quality of life with poorer self-rated health status than those without DPNP. Besides, the effect of pain on their quality of life was found to be significant. Conclusion: The study recommends, in accordance with the results, that strategies should be developed for an effective management of painful DPN with an integrated and interdisciplinary approach. Current clinical guideline recommendations should be followed to improve patient care and reduce the burden of the disease.
Work Productivity is Associated With Disease Activity and Functional Ability in Chinese Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis Using A Smart-Phone Management System: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Liu Xiaofei , Chen Wenji , Mo Shiyan , Ji Xiaojian , Tang Jun , Huang Feng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Axial spondyloarthritis usually affects young people and often leads to disability. We used the interactive mobile health tool to evaluate clinical characteristics and loss of work efficiency in China, and to analyze the association between the clinical characteristics and work disability in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.Methods: In total, 1187 patients with axial spondyloarthritis were included. Demographic properties, pharmacotherapy, disease activity, functionality and spinal mobility were studied and compared in both work disability and non- work disability patients. Logistic regressions were used to investigate the associations between the risk of work disability and clinical characteristics. The relationships between Work Productivity and Activity Impairment scores and clinical characteristics were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: Of the participants, 60 or 5.05% were unemployed. The predictive factors for the occurrence of work disability were suffering from inflammatory bowel disease, higher Physician’s global assessment and higher Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society health index (ASASHI) scores (OR value was 3.35, 1.32 and 1.45 respectively). Absenteeism, presenteeism, overall work impairment and activity impairment in all employed patients were 10.40%, 23.53%, 30.57% and 25.35% respectively. Factors significantly associated with higher presenteeism, overall work impairment and activity impairment loss were Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, ASASHI, nocturnal pain, total back pain, and Patient’s global assessment (r >0.5), while non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs treatment were significantly associated with a lower absenteeism loss. An increased ASDAS score was related to a decrease in work productivity.Conclusions: We used a Smart-Phone Management System to determine that axial spondyloarthritis had a significant influence on working conditions in China, and that the factors related to the disease had a significant correlation with the risk and severity of lost work productivity. SpAMS is found be a time- and cost-saving disease management tool which can help patients with AS independently manage their disease and provide valuable data to their clinicians.