bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, optimization, and evaluation of hydrogel of primaquine loaded nanoemulsion for malaria therapy
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Tailang Mukul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The present study aimed to design, optimize, and evaluate primaquine loaded nanoemulgel for malaria treatment. Nanoemulgel was prepared with the help of different components such as castor oil, Tween 80:Transcutol P (Smix ratio), and polymers. Pseudoternary phase diagram was constructed to optimize Smix ratio. Response surface methodology was used for the optimization of nanoemulsion preparation based on characterization parameters such as droplet size (nm), zeta potential (mv), polydispersity index (PDI), viscosity (mPa·S), conductivity (mS/cm), and percent drug release. Based on these parameter results, F5 formulation was selected as an optimized formulation. F5 formulation was loaded in hydrogel preparation which was developed by using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K15M) 1-2% concentrations. The prepared nanoemulgel was evaluated with the following parameters: percent drug content, in vitro drug release, ex vivo skin permeation, pH determination, spreadability determination, and viscosity measurement.

Results
The droplets of primaquine loaded nanoemulsion were nanosized (10–200 nm) in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. Zeta potential for all formulations (F1-F9) was observed as − 0.7 ± 0.02 to 2.12 ± 0.04 mv. Response surface curves were plotted for optimization of perfect nanoemulsion preparation. Nanoemulgels (F5, F5a, F5b, and F5c) were evaluated for their different parameters such as pH (F5, 5.2 ± 0.2; F5a, 5.3 ± 0.1; F5b, 5.3 ± 0.1; and F5c, 5.4 ± 0.1), viscosity (mPa·S) (F5, 9876 ± 0.61; F5a, 14,564.6 ± 0.42; F5b, 14,841.9 ± 0.82; and F5c, 16,872.1 ± 0.921), spreadability (g.cm/s) (F5, 7.89 ± 0.10; F5a, 5.09 ± 0.03; F5b, 4.30 ± 0.02; and F5c, 3.13 ± 0.01), and percent drug content (F5, 100 ± 0.46; F5a, 98.10 ± 0.38; F5b, 99.70 ± 0.41; and F5c, 97.34 ± 0.51), and ex vivo skin flux of F5b was evaluated for 24 h. Ex vivo skin permeability was found ~ 70% within 12 h and ~ 86% within 24 h.

Conclusion
The nanoemulsion loaded hydrogel of primaquine with optimum viscosity was prepared for transdermal application. Nanoemulgel was prepared by using HPMC K15M into nanoemulsion because HPMC K15M was responsible for significant viscosity. The permeation rate of nanoemulgel was greater than other drug solutions. The great permeation rate was achieved by the incorporation of Transcutol P (cosurfactant). The optimized formulation was justified by using statistics. Stability studies confirmed that nanoemulgel is a promising carrier for the delivery of primaquine.
Is cognitive dysfunction involved in difficult-to-treat depression? Characterizing resistance from a cognitive perspective
Authors: López-Solà Clara , Subirà Marta , Serra-Blasco Maria , Vicent-Gil Muriel , Navarra-Ventura Guillem , Aguilar Eva , Acebillo Siddarta , Palao Diego J. , Cardoner Narcís 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background.
This study aimed to identify clinical and cognitive factors associated with increased risk for difficult-to-treat depression (DTD) or treatment-resistant depression (TRD).

Methods.
A total of 229 adult outpatients with major depression were recruited from the mental health unit at a public hospital. Participants were subdivided into resistant and nonresistant groups according to their Maudsley Staging Model score. Sociodemographic, clinical, and cognitive (objective and subjective measures) variables were compared between groups, and a logistic regression model was used to identify the factors most associated with TRD risk.

Results.
TRD group patients present higher verbal memory impairment than the nonresistant group irrespective of pharmacological treatment or depressive symptom severity. Logistic regression analysis showed that low verbal memory scores (odds ratio [OR]: 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38–2.95) together with high depressive symptom severity (OR: 1.29; CI95%: 1.01–1.65) were associated with TRD risk.

Conclusions.
Our findings align with neuroprogression models of depression, in which more severe patients, defined by greater verbal memory impairment and depressive symptoms, develop a more resistant profile as a result of increasingly detrimental neuronal changes. Moreover, our results support a more comprehensive approach in the evaluation and treatment of DTD in order to improve illness course. Longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm the predictive value of verbal memory and depression severity in the development of TRD.
E-cigarette use and onset of first cigarette smoking among adolescents: An empirical test of the ‘common liability’ theory
Authors: Cheng Hui G. , Largo Edward G. , Gogova Maria 
Published: June 2020

Background: E-cigarettes have become the most commonly used tobacco products among youth in the United States (US) recently. It is not clear whether there is a causal relationship between e-cigarette use and the onset of cigarette smoking. The “common liability” theory postulates that the association between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking can be attributed to a common risk construct of using tobacco products. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ever e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking onset in the US using a structural equation modeling approach guided by the “common liability” theory. Methods: The study population is non-institutionalized civilian adolescents living in the US, sampled in the longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. Information about tobacco product use was obtained via confidential self-report. A structural equation modeling approach was used to estimate the relationship between e-cigarette use at wave 1 and the onset of cigarette smoking at wave 2 after controlling for a latent construct representing a “common liability to use tobacco products.” Results: After controlling for a latent construct representing a “common liability to use tobacco products”, ever e-cigarette use does not predict the onset of cigarette smoking (β=0.13, 95% CI= -0.07, 0.32, p=0.204). The latent “common liability to use tobacco products” is a robust predictor for the onset of cigarette smoking (β=0.38; 95% CI=0.07, 0.69; p=0.015). Conclusions: Findings from this study provide supportive evidence for the ‘common liability’ underlying observed associations between e-cigarette use and smoking onset.
Visualizing participant experiences in maternal and child nutrition studies using timeline mapping
Authors: Sankaran Deepa , Sharma Priyanshu , Lazarus Lisa , Swain Tapaswini , Pilli Bhanu , Kumar P. Manish , Namasivayam Vasanthakumar , Blanchard James , Moses Stephen 
Published: June 2020

Iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation is one of the most cost-effective interventions to prevent and treat anemia during pregnancy. Despite having the highest global burden of anemia among pregnant women, rates of IFA uptake in pregnancy in India are still very low, particularly in the state of Uttar Pradesh. While there have been several studies that explored challenges around IFA consumption and adherence, there is a paucity of studies that have synthesized this information into a single visual tool that can help program implementers understand the challenges and identify potential areas of intervention. Timeline maps were developed as a visual qualitative tool to explore the nuances of health behaviors among pregnant women with respect to antenatal care (ANC) services, including IFA consumption. Timeline maps were used to visually document critical events pertaining to ANC services chronologically, including details on contact points with the health system and events specific to IFA distribution, consumption and counselling. Six research assistants (RAs) were trained on how to use timeline maps and record participant narratives. The RAs later participated in a focus group discussion to gain insight about their experiences using the tool. RAs reported that the timeline maps were easy-to-use and facilitated in-depth conversations with participants. RAs shared that they were able to actively engage the participants in co-creating the maps. The visual nature of the tool prompted participants’ recall of key pregnancy events and reflexivity. Challenges reported with the tool/process included recollection of past events and potential misrepresentation of information. These highlight a need to restructure training processes. Our findings indicate that timeline maps have the potential to be used in a variety of other program contexts, and merit further exploration.
Facilitators and barriers to stakeholder engagement in advance care planning for older adults in community settings: a hybrid systematic review protocol
Authors: Pilch Monika , Lunt Victoria , May Peter , Mockler David , Thomas Stephen , Doyle Frank 
Published: June 2020

Background:Poor stakeholder engagement in advance care planning (ACP) poses national and international challenges, preventing maximisation of its potential benefits. Conceptualisation of advance care planning as a health behaviour highlights the need to design innovative, evidence-based strategies that will facilitate meaningful end-of-life care decision-making.Aim:To review systematically and synthesise quantitative and qualitative evidence on barriers and facilitators to stakeholders` engagement in ACP for older adults (≥ 50 years old) in a community setting.Methods:A hybrid systematic review will be conducted, identifying studies for consideration in two phases. First, databases will be searched from inception to identify relevant prior systematic reviews, and assess all studies included in those reviews against eligibility criteria (Phase 1). Second, databases will be searched systematically for individual studies falling outside the timeframe of those reviews (Phase 2). A modified SPIDER framework informed eligibility criteria. A study will be considered if it (a) included relevant adult stakeholders; (b) explored engagement in ACP among older adults (≥50 years old); (c) employed any type of design; (d) identified enablers and/or barriers to events specified in the Organising Framework of ACP Outcomes; (e) used either quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods methodology; and (f) evaluated phenomena of interest in a community setting (e.g., primary care or community healthcare centres). Screening, selection, bias assessment, and data extraction will be completed independently by two reviewers. Integrated methodologies will be employed and quantitative and qualitative data will be combined into a single mixed method synthesis. The Behaviour Change Wheel will be used as an overarching analytical framework and to facilitate interpretation of findings. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers` Manual and PRISMA-P guidelines have been used to inform this protocol development.Registration:This protocol has been submitted for registration on PROSPERO and is awaiting review.
Production of ceramic tiles by combining Moroccan phosphate mine tailings with abundant local clays
Authors: Boutaleb Fatima Zahra , Boutaleb Nadia , Bahlaouan Bouchaib , Sanaa Deblij , El Antri Said 
Published: June 2020

<p class="Mabstract">This study offers an easy, economical, and ecological solution to manufacture a ceramic faience product with excellent mechanical properties by combining Moroccan phosphate mine tailings and two abundant local clays. The use of these clays alone was inconceivable because they do not generate a material that meets the mechanical requirements.</p><p class="Mabstract">A mixture design strategy conducted the optimization of the formulation. Therefore, ten tests were carried out. The ceramic tiles produced are characterized by their physical properties (water absorption, shrinkage), mechanical properties (flexural strength), and surface properties (observation by scanning electron microscopy).</p><p class="Mabstract">The results show that phosphate mine tailings improve the mechanical properties of ceramic tiles. Industrial use at a rate of 33% in formulas based on abundant local clays could, therefore, be envisaged to design faience products, conforming to the mechanical and technical requirements. This mode of production contributes to saving non-renewable natural resources, preserving the environment, and aligns with the principle of sustainable development.</p><div><div><p> </p><p> </p></div></div>
Confocal chromatic sensor with an actively tilted lens for 3D measurement
Authors: Fuerst Martin E. , Csencsics Ernst , Haider Christian , Schitter Georg 
Published: June 2020

Confocal chromatic displacement sensors are versatile and precise sensors for measuring the distance to a single point. In order to obtain a 3D measurement device, this paper presents an integrated scanning sensor design that employs a tilting lens mechanism for manipulating the light path of the sensor. The optical implications of the design are analytically modeled and simulated. An experimental setup is constructed to evaluate the system design and to test its performance on a variety of samples. Results show good agreement with the simulations and modeling; with maximal tip/tilt angles of

±

2.5
∘

, the setup is capable of measuring a volume of

1.7
×
1.7
×
1

m
m

3

with a lateral resolution of 24.8 µm and an axial resolution of 3 µm.
Terahertz phase retrieval imaging in reflection
Authors: Petrov Nikolay V. , Perraud Jean-Baptiste , Chopard Adrien , Guillet Jean-Paul , Smolyanskaya Olga A. , Mounaix Patrick 
Published: June 2020

Terahertz phase retrieval is a promising technique able to assess the complex diffracted wave properties through an iterative processing algorithm. In this Letter, we demonstrate the implementation of this technique in reflection geometry with a continuous wave acquisition system working at 0.287 THz. To ensure a high signal-to-noise ratio in the measured dataset, we proposed a double parallel recording scheme with one detector and two lock-in amplifiers operating with the complimentary sensitivity setting. This provided a higher numerical aperture than conventional raster-scanning focal plane imaging. A specialized digital interferometric postprocessing procedure was applied to obtain a surface height map from the reconstructed phase distribution in the object’s irradiated area.
High-responsivity, self-driven photodetectors based on monolayer WS2/GaAs heterojunction
Authors: Li Kuilong , Wang Wenjia , Li Jianfei , Jiang Wenxin , Feng Min , He Yang 
Published: June 2020

Constructing two-dimensional (2D) layered materials with traditional three-dimensional (3D) semiconductors into complex heterostructures has opened a new platform for the development of optoelectronic devices. Herein, large-area high performance self-driven photodetectors based on monolayer

WS
2

/
GaAs

heterostructures were successfully fabricated with a wide response spectrum band ranging from the ultraviolet to near-infrared region. The detector exhibits an overall high performance, including high photoresponsivity of 65.58 A/W at 365 nm and 28.50 A/W at 880 nm, low noise equivalent power of

1.97
×

10

−
15

W
/

Hz

1
/
2

, high detectivity of

4.47
×

10
12

Jones

, and fast response speed of 30/10 ms. This work suggests that the

WS
2

/
GaAs

heterostructure is promising in future novel optoelectronic device applications, and also provides a low-cost, easy-to-process method for the preparation of 2D/3D heterojunction-based devices.
Apetamin Hepatotoxicity: Potential Consequences of Purchasing a Body Enhancement Drug Off the Internet
Authors: Garland Victoria , Kumar Anita , Theisen Brian , Borum Marie L. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We report Apetamin (cyproheptadine lysine and vitamin syrup), a non-US Food and Drug Administration-approved weight gain supplement, causing drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis. A 40-year-old previously healthy woman presented with fatigue, right-sided abdominal discomfort, and jaundice 6 weeks after starting Apetamin, which she learned from social media for figure augmentation. Labs were significant for elevated transaminases, positive smooth muscle antibody, and increased immunoglobulins. Biopsy indicated drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis. Symptoms improved with prednisone, azathioprine, and stopping Apetamin which contains cyproheptadine, a known hepatotoxin. The case reveals the influence of social media and its impact on health and the importance of a complete drug history.
Massive Gastrointestinal Bleeding From a Jejunal Dieulafoy's Lesion
Authors: Jaiswal Palashkumar , Joseph-Talreja Mairin , Teotico John Anthony , Grossman Evan 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Dieulafoy's lesion is a histologically normal arteriole that has failed to progressively narrow as it navigates through the submucosa. It is a rare cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding, occurring most often in the stomach, with only 1% of lesions occurring in the jejunum. We present the case of a 21-year-old man who presented with massive hematochezia ultimately attributed to a distal jejunal Dieulafoy's lesion, identified via an intraoperative surgically assisted deep enteroscopy. This case is unique not only regarding the unusual location of the lesion but also regarding the multidisciplinary approach necessitated for the management of this catastrophic hemorrhage that avoided surgical resection.
Distribución anatómica de Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto (Acari: Ixodidae) sobre caninos domésticos
Authors: ORCELLET Viviana , NAVA Santiago 
Published: June 2020

En este trabajo se realizó el estudio de la distribución anatómica de los diferentes estadios de Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto sobre sus hospedadores principales, los caninos. El mismo se basó en muestreos mensuales durante tres años en la ciudad de Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina. Para determinar la distribución de los diferentes estadios parasitarios se dividió el cuerpo en regiones y se colectaron todos los especímenes en cada una de ellas. Las larvas tuvieron como preferencia las zonas de cabeza seguido de los espacios interdigitales, orejas y abdomen; las ninfas tuvieron preferencia por las orejas y abdomen, y otras zonas de preferencia fueron cabeza y espacios interdigitales; los adultos (machos y hembras) prefirieron localizarse en las orejas, cuello y lomo.
Advanced glycation end product levels were correlated with inflammation and carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Li Jie , Shangguan Haiyan , Chen Xiaoqian , Ye Xiao , Zhong Bin , Chen Pen , Wang Yamei , Xin Bin , Bi Yan , Zhu Dalong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDiabetes mellitus with atherosclerosis (AS) adds to the social burden. This study aimed to investigate whether advanced glycation end product (AGE) levels were correlated with inflammation and carotid AS (CAS) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. A total of 50 elderly T2DM patients and 50 age-matched senior healthy subjects were recruited in this study. T2DM patients were classified into two groups based on the intima–media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery from color Doppler ultrasonography. Patients with IMT > 1 mm were classified into the T2DM + CAS group (n = 28), and patients with IMT < 1 mm were assigned as the T2DM + non-atherosclerosis (NAS) group (n = 22). The plasma levels of AGEs, receptor for AGE (RAGE), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) of all subjects were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The T-lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by a flow detector. T2DM + CAS patients showed significantly higher concentrations of AGEs, RAGE, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the peripheral blood. The highest levels of CD4+ T cells were observed in the T2DM + CAS group. The AGE level was positively correlated with the concentrations of RAGE, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and CD4+. In summary, the results showed that the levels of AGEs may be correlated with the inflammatory status in T2DM patients with CAS.
Ultra high birefringent dispersion flattened fiber in terahertz regime
Authors: Reza Md. Selim , Habib Md. Ahasan , Mehedi Ibrahim Mustafa , Alam Md. Mottahir , Latif Shaikh Abdul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the current study, a novel Zeonex based porous core photonic crystal fiber (PC-PCF) is presented for polarization-maintaining and dispersion flattened in the terahertz (THz) region. For minimizing the Effective Material Loss (EML), an array of three rectangular and six triangular air holes are surrounded by hexagonal-shaped cladding. Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed through Comsol V5.3a software to design and examine the essential features of the proposed porous core fiber which revealed that it has an extremely small EML of 0.04 cm−1 at 1.2 THz and has almost zero flattened dispersion of 0.8 ± 0.08 ps/THz/cm in 1.0–1.4 THz frequency spectrum. Moreover, the optimum designing parameters offer an extremely high value of birefringence (0.043 at 1.2 THz). Besides, other major features notably bending loss, effective area, and confinement loss are also found to be precise and relatively low. For effective, adaptable and fitting transmission characteristics, this type of design would lay the foundations for broadband THz radiation wide variety of usage in the THz regime.
New crystal structures of alkali metal tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borates
Authors: Duvinage Daniel , Schröder Artem , Lork Enno , Beckmann Jens 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The crystal structures of the salts [Li(1,2-F2C6H4)] [B(C6F5)4] (1) and Cs[B(C6F5)4] (2) comprise six Li···F contacts (1.965(3) − 2.312(3) Å) and twelve Cs···F contacts (3.0312(1) − 3.7397(2) Å), respectively, which are significantly shorter than the sum of van der Waals radii (3.29 and 4.90 Å).
Ownership Structure and Earnings Management: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam Real Estate Sector
Authors: Nguyen Anh Huu , Nguyen Linh Ha , Doan Duong Thuy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe young real estate market in Vietnam, an emerging country in Asia, has been growing remarkably. This is an attractive channel for investors, but it seems to be an unstable market and have high potential source of earnings management while investing in real estate companies listed in Vietnamese stock market. The research has been conducted to investigate the impact of the ownership structure on the earnings management of Vietnamese listed real estate companies. The research methodology includes four statistical approaches OLS, FEM, REM and REM (robust) that are employed to address econometric issues and to improve the accuracy of the regression coefficients. The research sample consists of 180 firm-year observations for 36 real estate companies listed on Vietnamese stock market over a period of five years, i.e. from 2014 to 2018. The results show that, while state ownership showed a positive influence, managerial ownership played negative significant roles in relation to earnings management. This research has implications for designing a better ownership structure in the Vietnamese real estate sector and enhancing information quality to protect investors.