bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potassium intake, skeletal muscle mass, and effect modification by sex: data from the 2008–2011 KNHANES
Authors: Lee Yu-Ji , Lee Mirae , Wi Yu Mi , Cho Seong , Kim Sung Rok 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundA loss of muscle mass may be influenced by multiple factors. Insulin sensitivity and metabolic acidosis are associated with muscle wasting and may be improved with potassium intake. This study evaluated the association between dietary potassium intake and skeletal muscle mass.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study with data obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) (2008–2011). Participant’s daily food intake was assessed using a 24-h recall method. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was calculated as the sum of muscle mass in both arms and legs, measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated as ASM divided by height2(kg/m2). Low muscle mass was defined as a SMI < 7.0 kg/m2for men and < 5.4 kg/m2for women.ResultsData from 16,558 participants (age ≥ 19 years) were analyzed. Participants were categorized into quintiles according to their potassium intake. Sex-specific differences were found in the association between potassium intake and muscle mass (PInteraction < 0.001). In men, higher potassium intake was associated with lower odds for low muscle mass; the fully adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.78 (0.60–1.03), 0.71 (0.54–0.93), 0.68 (0.51–0.90), and 0.71 (0.51–0.98) for the top four quintiles (referenced against the lowest quintile), respectively. However, this association was attenuated in women after adjusting for total energy intake. Higher potassium intakes were also associated with a greater SMI.ConclusionsHigher dietary potassium intake decreased the odds of low muscle mass in men but not in women.
Involving systems thinking and implementation science in pharmacists’ emerging role to facilitate the safe and appropriate use of traditional and complementary medicines
Authors: Harnett Joanna E. , Desselle Shane P. , Hu Hao , Ung Carolina Oi Lam 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe use of traditional and complementary medicines (TM/CMs) has become an increasingly popular part of healthcare and self-care practices across the world. While the benefits and risks of many TM/CMs are yet to be fully evaluated, their prevalent use without consistent oversight has not been fully addressed by the public health sector. Pharmacists play an integral role in contributing to public health. Discussion about integrating TM/CMs into the professional practice of the pharmacist began over two decades ago. Nevertheless, TM/CMs are predominantly managed as “retail products” and are not integrated into pharmaceutical care and practice. While some isolated measures towards integration have been proposed, there remains no consensus on how to deliver pharmaceutical care in a coordinated, systematic manner. Systems thinking approaches are needed to formulate and implement strategies that change pharmacists’ practice related to TM/CMs. Such approaches will ultimately reduce risk, optimize patient care, and result in better health outcomes.
The association between recreational screen time and cancer risk: findings from the UK Biobank, a large prospective cohort study
Authors: Hunter Ruth F. , Murray Jennifer M. , Coleman Helen G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Evidence is suggestive of sedentary behaviour being associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, but the evidence base is too limited to draw any conclusions for other cancers. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between recreational screen time and site-specific cancer risk.

Methods
We analysed data from the prospective UK Biobank cohort study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between daily recreational screen time (including television (TV) viewing time, computer use time and total screen time) and site-specific cancer risk. Partition models and isotemporal substitution models investigated the impact of substituting recreational screen time with physical activity.

Results
During a mean follow-up of 7.6 years, 28,992 incident cancers were identified among 470,578 adults. A 1-h increase in daily TV viewing time was associated with higher risks of oropharyngeal, oesophago-gastric and colon cancer in fully adjusted models. Participants who reported ≤1, compared with 1- ≤ 3, hours/day of TV viewing time had lower risks of lung, breast, and oesophago-gastric cancer. Findings were inconsistent for daily recreational computer use and daily total recreational screen time. The majority of observed associations were small, and were attenuated after excluding cancers diagnosed within the first two years of follow-up, except for oesophago-gastric and colon cancers (HR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10; and HR 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.07 per 1-h increase in daily TV viewing time, respectively). However, isotemporal substitution models showed reduced risk of some site-specific (oropharyngeal, lung, breast and colorectal) cancers when replacing 1-h/day of TV viewing with 1-h of moderate-intensity physical activity or walking.

Conclusions
Our findings show that daily recreational screen time, particularly TV viewing, was associated with small increased risks of oesophago-gastric and colon cancer. Replacing 1-h/day of TV viewing with 1-h of moderate-intensity physical activity or walking was associated with lower risk of oropharyngeal, lung, breast and colorectal cancers. Further research from other large prospective cohort studies is required, while mechanistic research is warranted to enhance the biological plausibility of these findings.
Cutaneous impact location: a new tool to predict intracranial lesion among the elderly with mild traumatic brain injury?
Authors: Dubucs Xavier , Balen Frederic , Schmidt Eric , Houles Mathieu , Charpentier Sandrine , Houze-Cerfon Charles-Henri , Lauque Dominique 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Mild traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of arrivals to emergency department due to trauma in the 65-year-old population and over. Recent studies conducted in ED suggested a low intracranial lesion prevalence. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and risk factors of intracranial lesion in older patients admitted to emergency department for mild traumatic brain injury by reporting in the emergency department the precise anamnesis of injury and clinical findings.

Methods
Patients of 65 years old and over admitted in emergency department were prospectively included in this monocentric study. The primary outcome was the prevalence of intracranial lesion threw neuroimaging.

Results
Between January and June 2019, 365 patients were included and 66.8% were women. Mean age was 86.5 years old (SD = 8.5). Ground-level fall was the most common cause of mild traumatic brain injury and occurred in 335 patients (91.8%). Overall, 26 out of 365 (7.2%) patients had an intracranial lesion. Compared with cutaneous frontal impact (medium risk group), the relative risk of intracranial lesion was 2.54 (95% CI 1.20 to 5.42) for patients with temporoparietal or occipital impact (high risk group) and 0.12 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.93) for patients with facial impact or no cutaneous impact (low risk group). There was not statistical increase in risk of intracranial injury with patients receiving antiplatelets (RR = 1.43; 95% CI 0.68 to 2.99) or anticoagulants (RR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.45 to 2.14).

Conclusion
Among patients of 65 years old and over, the prevalence of intracranial lesion after a mild traumatic brain injury was similar to the younger adult population. The cutaneous impact location on clinical examination at the emergency department may identify older patients with low, medium and high risk for intracranial lesion.
The importance of airway and lung microbiome in the critically ill
Authors: Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Dickson Robert , Torres Antoni , Hanberger Håkan , Lipman Jeffrey , Antonelli Massimo , de Pascale Gennaro , Bozza Fernando , Vincent Jean Louis , Murthy Srinivas , Bauer Michael , Marshall John , Cilloniz Catia , Bos Lieuwe D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDuring critical illness, there are a multitude of forces such as antibiotic use, mechanical ventilation, diet changes and inflammatory responses that could bring the microbiome out of balance. This so-called dysbiosis of the microbiome seems to be involved in immunological responses and may influence outcomes even in individuals who are not as vulnerable as a critically ill ICU population. It is therefore probable that dysbiosis of the microbiome is a consequence of critical illness and may, subsequently, shape an inadequate response to these circumstances.Bronchoscopic studies have revealed that the carina represents the densest site of bacterial DNA along healthy airways, with a tapering density with further bifurcations. This likely reflects the influence of micro-aspiration as the primary route of microbial immigration in healthy adults. Though bacterial DNA density grows extremely sparse at smaller airways, bacterial signal is still consistently detectable in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, likely reflecting the fact that lavage via a wedged bronchoscope samples an enormous surface area of small airways and alveoli. The dogma of lung sterility also violated numerous observations that long predated culture-independent microbiology.The body’s resident microbial consortia (gut and/or respiratory microbiota) affect normal host inflammatory and immune response mechanisms. Disruptions in these host-pathogen interactions have been associated with infection and altered innate immunity.In this narrative review, we will focus on the rationale and current evidence for a pathogenic role of the lung microbiome in the exacerbation of complications of critical illness, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Efficacy of tailored second-line therapy of Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with clarithromycin-based treatment failure: a multicenter prospective study
Authors: Kong Siya , Huang Keting , Wang Jun , Wang Xiaoyong , Yang Ningmin , Dong Yu , Zhuang Ya , Dang Yini , Zhang Guoxin , Ye Feng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
After the failure of clarithromycin- and bismuth-based quadruple therapy (CBQT), levofloxacin- and bismuth-based quadruple therapy (LBQT) is recommended for Helicobacter pylori eradication. We compared the efficacies of second-line tailored bismuth-based quadruple therapy (TBQT) and empirical LBQT.

Methods
Patients with CBQT failure were randomly assigned to receive TBQT or LBQT for 14 days. All patients underwent endoscopy for culture-based antibiotic susceptibility testing. Patients in the TBQT group exhibiting levofloxacin susceptibility were randomized to receive amoxicillin, levofloxacin, esomeprazole, and colloidal bismuth pectin (ALEB) or amoxicillin, furazolidone, esomeprazole, and colloidal bismuth pectin (AFEB) for 14 days; patients with levofloxacin resistance received AFEB.

Results
From May 2016 to June 2019, 364 subjects were enrolled. Eradication rates were significantly higher in the TBQT group (n = 182) than in the LBQT group (n = 182) according to both intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis (89.6% vs. 64.8%, P < 0.001) and per protocol (PP) analysis (91.1% vs. 67.8%, P < 0.001). Among patients in the TBQT group with levofloxacin susceptibility, eradication rates were similar in the ALEB (n = 51) and AFEB (n = 50) subgroups according to both the ITT (86.3% vs. 90.0%, P = 0.56) and PP (88.0% vs. 90.0%, P = 0.75) analyses. Isolated clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance rates were 57.7% and 44.5%, respectively. The total clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance rate in strains with dual or triple resistance was 35.7%.

Conclusions
TBQT was more effective than LBQT as a second-line strategy after CBQT failure. In the absence of antibiotic susceptibility testing, AFEB therapy might be used as a rescue therapy to eradicate H. pylori and avoid levofloxacin resistance.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (www.chictr.org.cn): ChiCTR1900027743.
Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin values alone and combined with Prognostic Index predict septic AKI, DIC, and shock: a pilot study
Authors: Shimoyama Yuichiro , Umegaki Osamu , Kadono Noriko , Minami Toshiaki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
Sepsis is a syndrome involving life-threatening organ dysfunction. The present study aimed to determine whether septic AKI, ARDS, DIC, and shock can be predicted more readily by combining uNGAL values and inflammation-based prognostic scores, over the use of uNGAL values alone.

Results
ROC curve analyses yielded the following cut-off values: AKI: 438.5 (ng/ml) for uNGAL at Day 1 (AUC, 0.8), 476.9 (ng/ml) for uNGAL at Day 2 (AUC, 0.86), 123.8 (ng/ml) for uNGAL at Day 3 (AUC, 0.81), 133.6 (ng/ml) for uNGAL at Day 4 (AUC, 0.78), 1.0 for iNS NGAL-NLR (AUC, 0.75), 2.0 for iNS NGAL-PI (AUC, 0.77), DIC; 648.5 (ng/ml) for uNGAL at Day 1 (AUC, 0.77); shock; 123.8 (ng/ml) for uNGAL at Day 3 (AUC, 0.71) and 9 for SOFA (AUC, 0.71). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed iNS NGAL-PI to be a significant independent predictor of AKI (OR, 20.62; 95% CI, 1.03–412.3; p = 0.048).
Combined therapy with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and meglumine antimoniate controls lesion development and parasite load in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania amazonensis
Authors: Ramos Tadeu Diniz , Silva Johnatas Dutra , da Fonseca-Martins Alessandra Marcia , da Silveira Pratti Juliana Elena , Firmino-Cruz Luan , Maciel-Oliveira Diogo , Dos-Santos Julio Souza , Tenorio João Ivo Nunes , de Araujo Almair Ferreira , Freire-de-Lima Célio Geraldo , Diaz Bruno Lourenço , Cruz Fernanda Ferreira , Rocco Patricia Rieken Macedo , de Matos Guedes Herbert Leonel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused byLeishmaniaspp. One of its characteristics is an imbalance of host immune responses to foster parasite survival. In this setting, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may be a viable therapeutic alternative, given their well-established immunomodulatory potential. In this study, we compared the effects of therapy with bone marrow (BM)- and adipose tissue (AD)-derived MSCs in leishmaniasis caused byLeishmania amazonensisin C57BL/6 mice. After determining the most effective MSC source, we then combined these cells with meglumine antimoniate (a pentavalent antimonial commonly used for the treatment of leishmaniasis) to treat the infected mice.MethodsIn vitro, co-culture of AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs withLeishmania amazonensis-infected macrophages was performed to understand the influence of both MSC sources in infected cells. In vivo, infected C57BL/6 mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs, and then meglumine antimoniate was combined with MSCs from the most effective source.ResultsIn vitro, co-culture ofLeishmania amazonensis-infected macrophages with BM-MSCs, compared to AD-MSCs, led to a higher parasite load and lower production of nitric oxide. Fibroblasts grown in conditioned medium from co-cultures with AD-MSCs promoted faster wound healing. Despite a non-significant difference in the production of vascular endothelial growth factor, we observed higher production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-10 in the co-culture with AD-MSCs. In vivo, treatment of infected mice with BM-MSCs did not lead to disease control; however, the use of AD-MSCs was associated with partial control of lesion development, without significant differences in the parasite load. AD-MSCs combined with meglumine antimoniate reduced lesion size and parasite load when compared to PBS and AD-MSC groups. At the infection site, we detected a small production of IL-10, but we were unable to detect production of either IL-4 or interferon-γ, indicating resolution of infection without effect on the percentage of regulatory T cells.ConclusionCombination treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with AD-MSCs and meglumine antimoniate may be a viable alternative.
UWSNs positioning technology based on iterative optimization and data position correction
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Qin Danyang , Zhao Min , Guo Ruolin , Berhane Teklu Merhawit 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have played an increasingly important role in the fields of ocean exploration, underwater environment monitoring, underwater navigation target tracking, terrain-assisted navigation, and so on. However, UWSNs are a dynamic network, which are unlike terrestrial wireless sensor networks, and the complexity of underwater environment poses many challenges for the positioning of sensor nodes. Aiming at the difficulty of location update, this paper proposes a UWSN positioning technology based on iterative optimization and data position correction (IO-DPC). Firstly, particle swarm optimization technology is used to perform the rough positioning stage of sensor nodes, and iterative optimization is performed for many times. Then, data position correction work is carried out, and a scheme is designed for correcting underwater sensor data position when base station receives the data packet. An underwater ocean current model is established, and IO-DPC technology is simulated in various underwater simulation environments. Experimental results show that IO-DPC technology has higher positioning accuracy than other traditional technologies.
New investigation of bats-hosts-reservoir-people coronavirus model and application to 2019-nCoV system
Authors: Gao Wei , Baskonus Haci Mehmet , Shi Li 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAccording to the report presented by the World Health Organization, a new member of viruses, namely, coronavirus, shortly 2019-nCoV, which arised in Wuhan, China, on January 7, 2020, has been introduced to the literature. The main aim of this paper is investigating and finding the optimal values for better understanding the mathematical model of the transfer of 2019-nCoV from the reservoir to people. This model, named Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People coronavirus (BHRPC) model, is based on bats as essential animal beings. By using a powerful numerical method we obtain simulations of its spreading under suitably chosen parameters. Whereas the obtained results show the effectiveness of the theoretical method considered for the governing system, the results also present much light on the dynamic behavior of the Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People transmission network coronavirus model.
Time preference and personal value: a population-based cross-sectional study in Japan
Authors: Kawakami Norito , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Nishi Daisuke , Takagi Daisuke , Hashimoto Hideki , Tanaka Saori C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the association between time preference (i.e., time discounting and hyperbolic time discounting) and personal values (the areas of priority values and commitment to value) in a sample of adult community residents in Japan.

Methods
Data from respondents (N = 2787) who completed the wave 1 and 3 surveys of a three-wave panel study of adult community residents in municipalities in Tokyo and suburban areas spanning 2010–2017 were analysed. Time discount rate and hyperbolic discount were measured using a three-item choice-based scale at the wave 1. Areas of priority value at present and at age 15 were measured by 11 questions for different value areas at the wave 3; the commitment to value at present and age 15 was measured by the Personal Value Questionnaire-II (PVQ-II) at the wave 3. Linear regression analyses were conducted of priority areas of values and commitment to value on time preference indicators, adjusting for sociodemographic variables and childhood socioeconomic status.

Results
After excluding those with missing responses, data from 1880 and 1958 respondents were subject to analyses on time discounting and hyperbolic time discounting, respectively. Time discount rate was significantly and negatively associated with the value area of maintaining a stable life at present. Hyperbolic time discounting was significantly and negatively associated with the commitment to value at age 15.

Conclusion
There may be an association between time preference and personal values. Time discounting and hyperbolic time discounting may be associated with different aspects of personal values, i.e., area of priority values and commitment to value, respectively.
Definition and characteristics of acute exacerbation in adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review
Authors: Wu Dawei , Bleier Benjamin , Wei Yongxiang 
Published: August 2020

Background Acute exacerbations (AE) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have been increasingly recognized as an important clinical issue. The purpose of this study is to summarize the current definitions and evaluation parameters of AE and then identify and quantify the clinical and immunopathologic characteristics of AE in CRS. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed on PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases from January 1990 through August 2020 to identify studies relating to AE in CRS. Exclusion criteria included non-English and non-human studies, and case reports. Results The definitions of AE in CRS among all the studies were based on a description of short-term worsening sinonasal symptoms. Patient-reported sinus infection and exacerbation related medical treatment during the preceding 3 months to 1 year were used to evaluate the frequency of AE in CRS. The average decline in 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) score during an exacerbation was 7.83 points relative to baseline. Comorbid asthma, SNOT-22 scores ≥24, allergic rhinitis, eosinophil count ≥150/μL and autoimmune disease were positively associated with an exacerbation-prone CRS phenotype. AE in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) was associated with increased expression of mucus cytokines including myeloperoxidase (percentage increase [PI] = 101%), IL-5 (PI = 125%), and IL-6 (PI = 162%) and could be predicted by the increasing mucus cystatin and periostin. Conclusion The definition of AE in CRS is largely driven by patient-reported symptoms and is associated with several risk factors. Quantitative changes in mucus cytokines associated with AE in CRSwNP and may be used to predict events. The development of a consistent definition of AE in CRS is critical to help define disease control and treatment efficacy.