bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic and amyloid PET network reorganization in Alzheimer’s disease: differential patterns and partial volume effects
Authors:   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Gonzalez-Escamilla Gabriel , Miederer Isabelle , Grothe Michel J. , Schreckenberger Mathias , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Groppa Sergiu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, considered a disconnection syndrome with regional molecular pattern abnormalities quantifiable by the aid of PET imaging. Solutions for accurate quantification of network dysfunction are scarce. We evaluate the extent to which PET molecular markers reflect quantifiable network metrics derived through the graph theory framework and how partial volume effects (PVE)-correction (PVEc) affects these PET-derived metrics 75 AD patients and 126 cognitively normal older subjects (CN). Therefore our goal is twofold: 1) to evaluate the differential patterns of [18F]FDG- and [18F]AV45-PET data to depict AD pathology; and ii) to analyse the effects of PVEc on global uptake measures of [18F]FDG- and [18F]AV45-PET data and their derived covariance network reconstructions for differentiating between patients and normal older subjects. Network organization patterns were assessed using graph theory in terms of “degree”, “modularity”, and “efficiency”. PVEc evidenced effects on global uptake measures that are specific to either [18F]FDG- or [18F]AV45-PET, leading to increased statistical differences between the groups. PVEc was further shown to influence the topological characterization of PET-derived covariance brain networks, leading to an optimised characterization of network efficiency and modularisation. Partial-volume effects correction improves the interpretability of PET data in AD and leads to optimised characterization of network properties for organisation or disconnection.
Rheology of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons dispersed in a low-viscosity fluid
Authors: Claypole Andrew , Claypole James , Holder Alex , Claypole Tim C. , Kilduff Liam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrinting inks typically consist of a functional component dispersed within a low-viscosity resin/solvent system where interparticle interactions would be expected to play a significant role in dispersion, especially for the high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons such as the graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs). Rheology has been suggested as a method for assessing the dispersion of carbon nanomaterials in a fluid. The effects of phase volume of ammonia plasma-functionalized GNPs on a near-Newtonian low-viscosity thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) resin system have been studied using shear and quiescent oscillatory rheology. At low concentrations, the GNPs were well dispersed with a similar shear profile and viscoelastic behavior to the unfilled TPU resin, as viscous behavior prevailed indicating the absence of any long-range order within the fluid. Particle interactions increased rapidly as the phase volume tended toward maximum packing fraction, producing rapid increases in the relative viscosity, increased low shear rate shear thinning, and the elastic response becoming increasingly frequency independent. The nanoscale dimensions and high-aspect-ratio GNPs occupied a large volume within the flow, while small interparticle distances caused rapid increases in the particle–particle interactions to form flocculates that pack less effectively. Established rheological models were fitted to the experimental data to model the effect of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbon on the viscosity of a low-viscosity system. Using the intrinsic viscosity and the maximum packing fraction as fitting parameters, the Krieger–Dougherty (K–D) model provided the best fit with values. There was good agreement between the estimates of aspect ratio from the SEM images and the predictions of the aspect ratio from the rheological models. The fitting of the K–D model to measured viscosities at various phase volumes could be an effective method in characterizing the shape and dispersion of high-aspect-ratio nanocarbons.
Assessing metacognitive beliefs in test anxiety: Psychometric properties of the metacognitions questionnaire, 30 (MCQ-30) among university students
Authors: Huntley Christopher D. , Young Bridget , Smith Catrin Tudur , Jha Vikram , Fisher Peter L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) measures maladaptive metacognitive beliefs considered central to the metacognitive model of psychopathology. However, the psychometric properties of the MCQ-30 in test anxiety (TA) among university students are unknown. This study examined the MCQ-30 factor structure and concurrent validity in both trait and state TA. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses support the previously established five-factor structure of the MCQ-30 in both state and trait TA, with factors having good internal consistency. Structural equation modeling of the relationships between MCQ-30 subscales and TA found ‘Negative beliefs about uncontrollability and danger of worry’ to have the strongest association. The MCQ-30 appears a robust measure of metacognitive beliefs in TA and provides a basis for further testing of the validity of the metacognitive model in TA. Extending the reach of metacognitive therapy, which is based upon the metacognitive model, to TA could help to improve both student wellbeing and academic performance.
Embedded inertial measurement unit reveals pole lean angle for cross-country skiing
Authors: Bruzzo John , Perkins Noel C. , Mikkola Aki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study introduces an inertial measurement unit-based measurement system for resolving the dynamic lean angle of a ski pole during double poling while cross-country skiing. The measurement system estimates both the pole lean angle and pole–terrain contact events. Reported are results from 20 trials providing validated estimates of ski pole lean angle and the timing of pole plant and pole lift events. The pole lean angle is estimated from a complementary filter that fuses estimates of orientation from the embedded accelerometer and angular rate gyro. Validation follows from comparison with video capture measurements. Bland–Altman analysis showed agreement between the two measurement modalities with less than 5% bias in the mean differences (relative to the lean angle range of motion). Companion correlation analysis confirms strong correlation ($$r = 0.99$$

r
=
0.99

) between the inertial measurement unit and video-estimated lean angles and with mean root-mean-square errors below 4.5$$^{\circ }$$

∘

.
Long-term vigabatrin treatment modifies pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice: focused on GABA brain concentration
Authors: Świąder Mariusz J. , Świąder Katarzyna , Zakrocka Izabela , Krzyżanowski Maciej , Wróbel Andrzej , Łuszczki Jarogniew J. , Czuczwar Stanisław J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The goal of our study was to examine the long-term effect of vigabatrin (VGB), a γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT) inhibitor on clonazepam (CLO), ethosuximide (ETX) and valproate (VPA) anticonvulsive activity against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice.

Methods
VGB was administered for 3 and 7 days. Convulsions were evoked by PTZ at its CD97 (99 mg/kg). The influence of CLO, ETX and VPA alone or in combination with VGB on motor performance and long-term memory was analyzed. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration in mice brain and plasma as well as glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity was measured.

Results
After 3 days of treatment, VGB in doses up to 500 mg/kg increased PTZ-induced seizure threshold, whereas after 7 days VGB (at the dose of 125 mg/kg) inhibited clonic seizures in experimental mice. 7 days of VGB administration did not change the protective effect of CLO, ETX and VPA against PTZ-induced seizures. 7 days of VGB treatment at a subthreshold dose of 75 mg/kg decreased TD50 of ETX and CLO in the chimney test, but did not affect TD50 value for VPA. 7 days of VGB administration in combination with AEDs did not affect long-term memory in mice. VGB after 3 days or 7 days of administration increased brain GABA concentration. GAD activity was decreased after 3 and 7 days of VGB administration.

Conclusions
The presented results confirm anticonvulsive activity of VGB through GABA metabolism alteration and suggest care when combining VGB with ETX or CLO in the therapy.
Phosphodiesterase Type-5 Inhibitor Prescription Patterns in the United States Among Men with Erectile Dysfunction: An Update
Authors: Mulhall John P. , Chopra Ishveen , Patel Dipen , Hassan Tarek A. , Tang Wing Yu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
While phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) are highly effective for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) and well tolerated, updated data on prescription patterns have been limited in real-world settings.

Aim
To describe men in the United States who are prescribed PDE5Is for ED treatment and to evaluate patterns of initiation, switching, and treatment overlap.

Methods
This retrospective claims study used MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplement Databases from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015, to identify initial PDE5I claims (index date) for sildenafil, tadalafil, and/or vardenafil. Adults aged ≥18 years with ED were identified between July 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014, allowing for a 6-month preindex and 12-month follow-up period from the index date.

Outcomes
Outcomes included patient demographics and treatment-related patterns after treatment initiation.

Results
A total of 106,206 identified patients met all inclusion criteria. Of these, 51,694, 40,193, and 14,319 had initial claims for sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil, respectively. Mean age was 50.35 years, and comorbidities included dyslipidemia (44.17%), hypertension (43.09%), diabetes (15.32%), and depression (10.61%). More patients (48.67%) initiated on sildenafil than tadalafil (37.85%) or vardenafil (13.48%). Rate of switching was lower in the 60 days after the end of day supply of the initial prescription in the sildenafil cohort (2.71%) compared with the tadalafil (2.81%) and vardenafil (3.88%) cohorts (P &lt; .001 for sildenafil vs tadalafil or vardenafil). Treatment overlap was lower in the sildenafil cohort (0.35%) than in the tadalafil (0.75%) and vardenafil (0.62%) groups (P &lt; .001 for sildenafil vs tadalafil or vardenafil).

Clinical Implications
These findings provide insight into updated patterns of PDE5I prescriptions in the United States and may aid in clinical decision-making.

Strengths & Limitations
Strengths include the large sample size, long data coverage period, and the real-world nature of the study. Limitations include the retrospective study design, use of data collected with a primary focus of claims, and lack of further details regarding reasons that drive switching. Actual rates of ED and impact on prescription patterns may be underestimated because the claims database only captured patients electing to visit a health-care provider.

Conclusion
Among men with ED in the United States, rates of switching and treatment overlap were low for all PDE5Is but were found to be the lowest for sildenafil compared with tadalafil and vardenafil.
Offshore production's effect on Americans’ attitudes toward trade
Authors: Kerner Andrew , Sumner Jane , Richter Brian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAmerican discontent with offshore production features heavily in trade policy debates. But Americans more typically encounter offshore production in apolitical contexts as consumers. We argue that these ostensibly apolitical encounters with offshore production are, in fact, freighted with political consequences. This paper asks: When and for whom does consumer-based exposure to offshore production reduce support for free trade? This is an important in its own right, but also sheds light on the contexts in which more overtly political references to offshore production are likely to find the most fertile ground. We answer these questions using a survey experiment that embeds an offshoring “prime” into an advertisement for pet furniture, varying the location of production across different treatment groups. We find that our experimental exposure to offshore production depressed enthusiasm for free trade, but only when production occurred in China, and mainly among white men living near trade-related job loss. That heterogeneity resonates with work on the economic and social aspects of the decline in American manufacturing employment.
A Feasibility Study of the Translation of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychosis into an Australian Adult Mental Health Clinical Setting
Authors: Beames Lee , Strodl Esben , Dark Frances , Wilson Jennifer , Sheridan Judith , Kerswell Nicholas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is evidence that Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp) is an effective intervention for reducing psychotic symptoms. The recently updated Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines (RANZCP CPG) recommend CBTp for the therapeutic management of schizophrenia and related disorders. Translational research is required to examine how well CBTp can be applied into public mental health services. This feasibility study aimed to provide preliminary evidence on how acceptable, implementable, and adaptable individual or group CBTp may be within a public mental health service in Australia. Twenty-seven participants initially agreed to participate in the study with 16 participants being randomised to either group or individual therapy, 11 starting therapy and 7 completing therapy. The intervention involved approximately 20 h of manualised CBTp. Attendance was higher in the individual therapy. Subjective reports indicated that the therapy was acceptable to all completers. Participants who engaged in individual or group CBTp experienced a similar level of reduction in the severity of hallucinations and delusions. Individual CBTp may be a feasible, acceptable, and effective intervention to include in Australian public mental health services. A pilot trial is now required to provide further evidence for and guidance of how best to translate CBTp protocols to Australian mental health services.
Solid organ donation from the emergency department – missed donor opportunities
Authors: McCallum Jessica , Yip Ryan , Dhanani Sonny , Stiell Ian 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveA significant gap exists between people awaiting solid organ transplantation and solid organ donors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were missed donors in the emergency department (ED).MethodsWe performed a health records and organ donation database review of all patients dying in a large tertiary ED from November 1, 2014 to October 31, 2017 at two campuses with 160,000 visits per year. Demographic and donor suitability data were collected. The primary outcome was missed potential solid organ donors. Missed potential donors were intubated, had a pulse, and had no donation contraindications. The secondary outcome was cases where no notification was made to the organ donation organization at all.ResultsThere were 605 deaths in the ED. Patients had a mean age of 71.1 years, 58.3% were male, and 12.4% died of a traumatic cause. There were 10 missed potential donors. Missed potential donors had a mean age of 67.4 years, 70.0% were male, and 20.0% died from trauma. In all 10 cases, patients had withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy for medical futility, and referral for donation occurred after death. Missed ED donors could have increased hospital-wide donation up to 10.6%. No notification was made in 12 (2.0%) cases; however, none of these would have been successful solid organ donors.ConclusionThe ED is a source of missed organ donors. All potential donors were missed due to referral after withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy. ED physicians should consider the possibility of solid organ donation prior to the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy.
School connectedness and child anxiety
Authors: Pikulski Paige J. , Pella Jeffrey E. , Casline Elizabeth P. , Hale Amy E. , Drake Kelly , Ginsburg Golda S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPoor school connectedness (SC), defined as students’ feelings of belonging, safety, and fairness at school, is a risk factor for negative psychosocial outcomes. Few studies have examined the specific relationship between SC and anxiety. This study examined the relation between SC and anxiety within a group of 114 clinically anxious youth (mean age = 10.82;SD= 2.93; 48.2% female; 70.2% White, non-Hispanic); age differences were also examined. Results indicated that SC was significantly negatively associated with age but unrelated to gender, race/ethnicity, socio-economic status, parent education, or presence of a comorbid disorder. Findings generally revealed that low SC was associated with greater total and domain specific anxiety. SC may play a unique role in the maintenance of global and domain specific anxiety symptoms.
A large case series of temporal bone fractures at a UK major trauma centre with an evidence-based management protocol
Authors: Kanona H , Anderson C , Lambert A , Al-Abdulwahed R , O'Byrne L , Vakharia N , Motter D , Offiah C , Adams A , Seymour K , Wareing M J 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo review the management of temporal bone fractures at a major trauma centre and introduce an evidence-based protocol.MethodsA review of reports of head computed tomography performed for trauma from January 2012 to July 2018 was conducted. Recorded data fields included: mode of trauma, patient age, associated intracranial injury, mortality, temporal bone fracture pattern, symptoms and intervention.ResultsOf 815 temporal bone fracture cases, records for 165 patients met the inclusion criteria; detailed analysis was performed on the records of these patients.ConclusionTemporal bone fractures represent high-energy trauma. Initial management focuses on stabilisation of the patient and treatment of associated intracranial injury. Acute ENT intervention is directed towards the management of facial palsy and cerebrospinal fluid leak, and often requires multidisciplinary team input. The role of nerve conduction assessment for immediate facial palsy is variable across the UK. The administration of high-dose steroids in patients with temporal bone fracture and intracranial injury is not advised. A robust evidence-based approach is introduced for the management of significant ENT complications associated with temporal bone fractures.
Use of the KTP laser in totally endoscopic cholesteatoma surgery
Authors: Sharma S D , Swarup A , James A L 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis paper reviews our experience of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser in transcanal totally endoscopic cholesteatoma surgery.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary referral centre, involving a consecutive series of children with cholesteatoma who underwent totally endoscopic cholesteatoma surgery with a KTP laser.ResultsThe patients’ mean age was 10.5 years (range, 1.8–18 years). A KTP laser was used in 70 of the 83 cases (84 per cent). The laser was not used in 13 ‘clean’ cases, in which disease was removed more easily. Residual disease was detected in five cases (6 per cent), of which the KTP laser had been used in four (5 per cent). No complications were associated with KTP laser use.ConclusionThe combination of KTP laser use with endoscopic visualisation is effective for minimising the risk of residual disease using a minimally invasive surgical approach. The thin, semi-flexible fibre carrier of the KTP laser is ideally suited to work alongside the endoscope within the narrow confines of the ear canal.
Life stress and cortisol reactivity: An exploratory analysis of the effects of stress exposure across life on HPA-axis functioning
Authors: Young Ethan S. , Doom Jenalee R. , Farrell Allison K. , Carlson Elizabeth A. , Englund Michelle M. , Miller Gregory E. , Gunnar Megan R. , Roisman Glenn I. , Simpson Jeffry A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStressful experiences affect biological stress systems, such as the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Life stress can potentially alter regulation of the HPA axis and has been associated with poorer physical and mental health. Little, however, is known about the relative influence of stressors that are encountered at different developmental periods on acute stress reactions in adulthood. In this study, we explored three models of the influence of stress exposure on cortisol reactivity to a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) by leveraging 37 years of longitudinal data in a high-risk birth cohort (N = 112). The cumulative stress model suggests that accumulated stress across the lifespan leads to dysregulated reactivity, whereas the biological embedding model implicates early childhood as a critical period. The sensitization model assumes that dysregulation should only occur when stress is high in both early childhood and concurrently. All of the models predicted altered reactivity, but do not anticipate its exact form. We found support for both cumulative and biological embedding effects. However, when pitted against each other, early life stress predicted more blunted cortisol responses at age 37 over and above cumulative life stress. Additional analyses revealed that stress exposure in middle childhood also predicted more blunted cortisol reactivity.
Toward a transdiagnostic neurocircuitry-based biomarker model for pro-cognitive effects: challenges, opportunities, and next steps
Authors: Petersen Cecilia S. , Miskowiak Kamilla W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCognitive impairment has emerged as a key treatment priority in neuropsychiatric disorders. However, there is a lack of treatments with solid and lasting efficacy on cognition. A neurocircuitry-based biomarker model of pro-cognitive effects is critically needed to select among new candidate treatments. In a recent review of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in mood disorders, we found that cognitive impairments are consistently accompanied by aberrant (hypo- and hyper-) activity in the dorsal prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the default mode network (DMN), and that activity change in these regions commonly occurs with cognitive improvements. Here, we (i) review the putative model from our recent review article, which explains the discrepant findings regarding the direction of aberrant dorsal PFC activity and treatment-related activity change in mood disorders. Inspired by the Research Domain Criteria project, we do this in order to (ii) examine whether a similar pattern of activity change occurs across distinct neuropsychiatric disorders and thereby provides a common biomarker for pro-cognitive effects. Lastly, we (iii) discuss whether dorsal PFC and DMN target engagement is a putative transdiagnostic neurocircuitry-based biomarker model for pro-cognitive effects, and (iv) outline the necessary next steps to address this question.