bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 in Australia: our national response to the first cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during the early biocontainment phase
Authors: Shaban Ramon Z. , Li Cecilia , O'Sullivan Matthew V. N. , Gerrard John , Stuart Rhonda L. , Teh Joanne , Gilroy Nicole , Sorrell Tania C. , White Elizabeth , Bag Shopna , Hackett Kate , Chen Sharon C. A. , Kok Jen , Dwyer Dominic E. , Iredell Jonathan R. , Maddocks Susan , Ferguson Patricia , Varshney Kavita , Carter Ian , Barratt Ruth , Robertson Mark , Baskar Sai R. , Friend Caren , Robosa Roselle S. , Sotomayor‐Castillo Cristina , Nahidi Shizar , Macbeth Deborough A. , Alcorn Kylie A. D. , Wattiaux Andre , Moore Frederick , McMahon Jamie , Naughton William , Korman Tony M. , Catton Mike , Kanapathipillai Rupa , Romanes Finn , Rowe Emily , Catford Jennifer , Kennedy Brendan , Qiao Ming , Shaw David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundOn 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization recognised clusters of pneumonia‐like cases due to a novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). COVID‐19 became a pandemic 71 days later.AimTo report the clinical and epidemiological features, laboratory data and outcomes of the first group of 11 returned travellers with COVID‐19 in Australia.MethodsThis is a retrospective, multi‐centre case series. All patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection were admitted to tertiary referral hospitals in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and South Australia.ResultsThe median age of the patient cohort was 42 years (interquartile range (IQR), 24–53 years) with six men and five women. Eight (72.7%) patients had returned from Wuhan, one from Shenzhen, one from Japan and one from Europe. Possible human‐to‐human transmission from close family contacts in gatherings overseas occurred in two cases. Symptoms on admission were fever, cough and sore throat (n = 9, 81.8%). Co‐morbidities included hypertension (n = 3, 27.3%) and hypercholesterolaemia (n = 2, 18.2%). No patients developed severe acute respiratory distress nor required intensive care unit admission or mechanical ventilation. After a median hospital stay of 14.5 days (IQR, 6.75–21), all patients were discharged.ConclusionsThis is a historical record of the first COVID‐19 cases in Australia during the early biocontainment phase of the national response. These findings were invaluable for establishing early inpatient and outpatient COVID‐19 models of care and informing the management of COVID‐19 over time as the outbreak evolved. Future research should extend this Australian case series to examine global epidemiological variation of this novel infection.
Corticosteroid exposure prior to admission and predicting need for rescue therapy in acute severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Barnes Alex , Spizzo Paul , Mountifield Réme 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSteroid exposure has been associated with poorer outcomes following colectomy in acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC).AimTo examine the effect of prolonged oral corticosteroid therapy immediately prior to admission on the likelihood of requiring rescue therapy along with predictors of intravenous corticosteroid failure on Day 1 of admission.MethodsA retrospective case note and electronic record review was conducted at a tertiary inflammatory bowel disease referral centre of admissions for ASUC meeting Truelove and Witts criteria from 2013 to 2019.The data was analysed for the effect of pre‐admission steroid exposure on need for rescue therapy and for predictors of intravenous corticosteroid failure.ResultsNinety‐two admissions were identified for ASUC meeting Truelove and Witts criteria. Over 1 week of steroid therapy prior to admission was associated with need for rescue therapy and trended to significance for colectomy at admission and at 12 months. A generalised linear model was constructed with multivariate regression significant for over 1 week of steroid therapy prior to admission, endoscopic Mayo score and albumin. The area under the receiver operator curve for this model was 0.86.ConclusionProlonged steroid use prior to ASUC admission is a significant predictor of need for rescue therapy. A generalised linear model incorporating steroid prior to admission, endoscopic Mayo score and albumin was highly accurate at predicting failure of corticosteroid. Consideration should be given for commencement of rescue therapy prior to Day 3, especially in those with prolonged steroid prior to admission.
Practice patterns and predictors of outpatient care following acute kidney injury in an Australian healthcare setting
Authors: See Emily J. , Ransley David G. , Polkinghorne Kevan R. , Toussaint Nigel D. , Bailey Michael , Johnson David W. , Robbins Ray , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurvivors of acute kidney injury (AKI) are at increased risk of major adverse kidney events and international guidelines recommend individuals be evaluated 3 months following AKI.AimWe describe practice patterns and predictors of post‐AKI care in an Australian tertiary hospital.MethodsA retrospective analysis was undertaken of adults with AKI (defined by KDIGO criteria) admitted to a single centre between 2012 and 2016. The primary outcome was outpatient nephrology review at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included inpatient nephrology review, and outpatient serum creatinine and urinary protein measurements. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic and competing risk regression.ResultsOnly 117 of 2111 (6%) patients with AKI were reviewed by a nephrologist at 3 months. Reviewed patients were more likely to have a higher discharge serum creatinine (odds ratio (OR) 1.20 per 10 μmol/L increase; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–1.25) or a history of peripheral vascular disease (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.00–3.14). They were less likely to be older (OR 0.66 per decade; 95% CI 0.57–0.76) or to have a history of liver (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.26–0.87) or ischaemic heart (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.27–0.94) disease. AKI stage did not predict follow up. The median time from discharge to outpatient serum creatinine testing was 12 days (interquartile range 4–47) and proteinuria was measured in 538 (25%) patients.ConclusionsA minority of admitted AKI patients receive recommended post‐AKI care. Studies in other Australian institutions are required to confirm or refute these concerning findings.
Evaluating the impact of grammar complexity in automatic algorithm design
Authors: Pagnozzi Federico , Stützle Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGrammar‐based automatic algorithm design has been shown to generate stochastic local search algorithms that compete with or outperform state‐of‐the‐art methods. In such systems, algorithms are divided in components and a grammar is used to describe how to properly combine the components to create a working algorithm. In our approach, the grammar is converted into parameters and an automatic parameter configuration tool is used to find the best configuration. This approach allows us to consider and hybridize different metaheuristic templates producing combinations never tested before, but this flexibility leads to a very large configuration space to explore. Is such complexity really needed to achieve state‐of‐the‐art performance? In this paper, we investigate this question by creating grammars that allow the hybridization of stochastic local search algorithms at most two, one, or zero times. We use these grammars to generate algorithms for the three most studied objectives of the permutation flowshop problem: makespan, total completion time, and total tardiness. The generated algorithms are compared using benchmark sets from the literature as well as a quantitative measure of algorithm complexity using a metric based on concept directed acyclic graphs. The experiments show that our system tends to generate hybridized algorithms only when they can provide a substantial performance improvement. On the contrary, when such algorithms do not improve performance, the system generates simpler algorithms regardless of the grammar used.
Efficient methods for stochastic joint replenishment and delivery problem
Authors: Wang Sirui , Wang Lin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the joint replenishment and delivery scheduling of the one‐warehouse, ‐retailer system with stochastic demand. In this distribution system, items are first jointly replenished and therefore can share a major ordering cost. Then a coordinated delivery scheduling is adopted to arrange the delivery plan. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear program. Subsequently, we introduce two algorithms to handle this complex problem: a Lipschitz optimization method and a modified RAND heuristic. Numerical experiments show that the proposed methods are quite efficient. Sensitivity analysis also shows some interesting findings in terms of management.
Does fiduciary duty to creditors reduce debt covenant violation avoidance behavior?
Authors: Levi Shai , Segal Benjamin , Segal Dan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFinancial reports should provide useful information to shareholders and creditors. Directors, however, normally owe fiduciary duties to equity holders and not creditors. We examine whether this slant in fiduciary duties affects the extent to which firms use financial engineering to circumvent debt covenant violation. By avoiding debt covenant violation, firms prevent creditors from taking actions to reduce bankruptcy risk and recover their investment, and allow the firm to continue operating for the benefit of equity holders. We find that a Delaware court ruling that imposed fiduciary duties toward creditors led to a decrease in financial engineering and debt covenant avoidance in Delaware firms. We also show that board quality lowers financial engineering and debt covenant avoidance by firms only when their directors owe a legal fiduciary duty to creditors. Collectively, our results suggest that unless directors are required to protect creditors’ interest, they are likely to take actions to circumvent debt covenant violations.
CX3CL1 promotes tumour cell by inducing tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin in lung cancer
Authors: Fan Mengtian , Wu Jinghong , Li Xian , Jiang Yingjiu , Wang Xiaowen , Bie Mengjun , Weng Yaguang , Chen Sicheng , Chen Bin , An Liqin , Zhang Menghao , Huang Gaigai , Zhu Mengying , Shi Qiong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt has been reported that chemokine CX3CL1 can regulate various tumours by binding to its unique receptor CX3CR1. However, the effect of CX3CL1‐CX3CR1 on the lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma is still unclear. Here, we showed that CX3CL1 can further invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma A549 and lung squamous cell carcinoma H520. In addition, Western blot and immunofluorescence test indicated CX3CL1 up‐regulated the phosphorylation level of cortactin, which is a marker of cell pseudopodium. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation levels of c‐Src and c‐Abl, which are closely related to the regulation of cortactin phosphorylation, are elevated. Nevertheless, the src/abl inhibitor bosutinib and mutations of cortactin phosphorylation site could inhibit the promotion effect of CX3CL1 on invasion and migration of A549 and H520. Moreover, these results of MTT, Hoechst staining and Western blot suggested that CX3CL1 had no effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of A549 and H520 in vitro. The effects of CX3CL1 were also verified by the subcutaneous tumour formation in nude mice, which showed that it could promote proliferation and invasion of A549 in vivo. In summary, our results indicated that CX3CL1 furthered invasion and migration in lung cancer cells partly via activating cortactin, and CX3CL1 may be a potential molecule in regulating the migration and invasion of lung cancer.
Site‐specific specimen preparation for SIMS analysis of radioactive samples
Authors: Liu Junliang , Li Kexue , Lozano‐Perez Sergio , Grovenor Chris R.M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSecondary Ion Mass Spectrometry is an important technique for the study of the composition of a wide range of materials because of the exceptionally high sensitivity that allows the study of trace elements and the ability to distinguish isotopes that can be used as markers for reactions and transport processes. However, when studying nuclear materials, it is often necessary to analyse highly radioactive samples, and only rather few SIMS facilities are available in active environments. In this paper, we present a methodology using focussed ion beam milling to prepare samples from radioactive specimens that are sufficiently large to undertake SIMS mapping experiments over microstructurally significant regions, but with overall activities small enough to be readily transported and analysed by a SIMS instrument in a normal laboratory environment. Radioactive samples prepared using this methodology can also be used for correlative SIMS analysis with other analytical microscopies. SIMS results showing the distributions of deuterium in oxides on in‐reactor corroded zirconium alloys are presented to demonstrate the potential of this sample preparation technique.
Recent developments in dermoscopy for dermatology
Authors: Chen Xi , Lu Quansheng , Chen Can , Jiang Guan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDermoscopy is considered to be a bridge between clinical observation and histopathological examination, allowing the in vivo examination of skin microstructures that are not visible to the naked eye, from the epidermis to the superficial dermis. Dermoscopy has undergone rapid development, witnessing the history from natural light to polarized light, from handheld dermoscopy to videodermoscopy, and from classic dermoscopy to digital dermoscopy. Its application extends from the initial differential diagnosis of pigmented skin diseases (melanocytic and nonmelanocytic) to general dermatology, including appendage (nail and hair) abnormalities and diseases related to infection and inflammation.AimsWe aimed to provide the latest developments in dermoscopy from the perspective of handheld dermoscopy, videodermoscopy, fluorescence‐advanced videodermatoscopy, polarized transilluminating dermoscopy, and digital dermoscopy.MethodsIn this review, we searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for reviews, case reports, and observational studies on dermoscopy.ResultsWe provided an updated review of dermoscopy based on published literature.ConclusionDermoscopy is an indispensable diagnostic tool in dermatology, and it is expected to be further developed in the future.
Structural equation modeling on the relationship between maternal characteristics and pregnancy complications: A study based on National Family Health Survey
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Dhillon Preeti 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to understand the complex relationship between maternal complications and women's characteristics in India.MethodsThe present study builds structural equation modeling (SEM) using the data from the National Family Health Survey round 4 (2015–16) and includes 190, 898 women who had given their last birth during 5 years preceding the survey. Based on eight questions related to maternal complications, the SEM constructed two latent variables – complications during pregnancy (PREGCOMP) and delivery (DELCOMP).ResultsResult shows that prolonged labor was highly prevalent (42%) among women, followed by vaginal bleeding (34%) and swelling in legs, body or face (32%). Women from affluent households (β = −0.02 for each‐middle, richer and richest quantile), with higher education (β = −0.02), timing when they received first ANC (β = −0.003) and women who received full ANC (β = −0.01) had a lower risk of PREGCOMP. However, consanguineous marriage (β = 0.01) was positively related to PREGCOMP. Further, women with PREGCOMP (β = 0.20), rural residents (β = 0.02), having exposure to mass media (β = 0.01), and who had facility delivery (β = 0.04) were at high risk of DELCOMP. Women with pregnancy complications are more likely to have delivery complications. [Correction added on 27 November, after first online publication: The statement “who received full antenatal care (ANC) (β = −0.05)” has been removed.]ConclusionSocioeconomic and demographic factors significantly affect both the latent variables. This study concludes that the use of intensive healthcare services reduces health complications. The paper recommends early visits and full ANC checkups to reduce pregnancy complications.
Improved Fluoroscopy and Time Efficiency with Radial Access for Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography
Authors: Kenawy Ahmed E. , Tekle Wondwossen , Hassan Ameer E. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSERadial artery catheterization has been newly incorporated into the field of endovascular surgical neuroradiology as a safer and more efficient method for Cerebral angiography as opposed to the femoral artery approach. The objective is to understand the relationship between cerebral angiography procedure times after an operator has converted to a radial first approach.METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted from January to August of 2019 to compare procedural times for femoral and radial artery approaches. This was conducted by comparing different procedural specifications, such as total procedural time, fluoroscopy time, and amount of contrast used.RESULTSThe average age of the 434 patients in the analysis was 63.9 years with a range of 19 and 96 years. One hundred eighty‐three patients (mean fluoroscopy time 7.55, 95% confidence interval 7.03‐8.08) underwent successful diagnostic cerebral angiographies through the radial artery and, 251 patients through the femoral approach. The first 2 months of the radial approach saw an average fluoroscopy time of 11.23 minutes. In the last 2 months of the study, the fluoroscopy time plateaued to an average of 6.73 minutes after 55 cases. Radial artery average procedural time was reduced from 33 to 21 minutes. Angiography utilizing the femoral approach averaged 16 minutes throughout the study period.CONCLUSIONTransradial procedural time and fluoroscopy time continued to improve until about 55 cases, but did not reach the peak efficiency of the femoral approach. Further advances in catheter technology are needed to continue to improve radial artery diagnostic cerebral angiography.
Computational Biomechanical Analysis of Engaging and Nonengaging Abutments for Implant Screw‐Retained Fixed Dental Prostheses
Authors: Savignano Roberto , Soltanzadeh Pooya , Suprono Montry S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the stress distribution, using 3‐dimensional finite element analysis (FEA), on different implant components of a mandibular screw‐retained fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) situation when using different combinations of engaging and nonengaging abutments.Material and MethodsA model of artificial bone was digitally designed. Dental implants were positioned in the lower right posterior area of teeth #’s 28 (premolar – pm) and 30 (molar – m). Restorative implant components were digitally designed and placed into the implant model. Four different implant abutment situations were simulated through FEA: (1) Both engaging abutments (mE‐pmE), (2) both nonengaging (mNE‐pmNE), (3) molar nonengaging and premolar engaging (mNE‐pmE), and (4) molar engaging and premolar nonengaging (mE‐pmNE). Thirty‐five (35) Ncm preload to the abutment screws and 160 N static load at 45° angle to the occlusal plane were applied in each group.ResultsThe equivalent Von Mises stress was measured on each component. Stress distribution changed among the different configurations and ranged from 516.0 to 1304.6 MPa in the implants, and from 554.6 to 994.5 MPa with the abutments. Higher stress was found for the mNE‐pmNE designs (1078.6‐1106.9 MPa). Engaging and nonengaging abutments had different stress distributions on the screw (698.8‐902.5 MPa). Peak stress areas were located on the upper part of the screws for the nonengaging configuration, and on the lower areas for the engaging abutments. The sum of the stress on both implants decreased in the following order: mNE‐pmNE > mE‐pmNE > mNE‐pmE > mE‐pmE.ConclusionUnder conditions of this study, abutment design produced different stress patterns to the implant components. The lowest and most balanced stress distribution was found for the mE‐pmE configuration followed by the mNE‐pmE configuration.
Do rapid diagnostic methods improve antibiotic prescribing in paediatric bacteraemia?
Authors: Faugno Amy K , Laidman Alexandra Y , Perez Martinez Jonathan D , Campbell Anita J , Blyth Christopher C 
Published: November 2020

AimRapid blood culture pathogen identification facilitated by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation time‐of‐flight and GeneXpert has the potential to improve antibiotic prescribing. This study investigates the impact of these rapid diagnostics on the timeliness of effective and optimal antibiotic prescribing in paediatric patients with bacteraemia.MethodsA single centre retrospective cohort study was performed comparing paediatric bacteraemia cases pre‐ and post‐rapid diagnostic implementation. Primary outcomes were the proportion of cases receiving, and median time to administration of effective and optimal antibiotics from blood culture collection. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, intensive care unit admissions, and all‐cause mortality.ResultsA total of 255 bacteraemia cases were subject to final data analysis, 129 in the control cohort (pre‐implementation of rapid diagnostics) and 126 in the rapid diagnostics cohort. The median time to effective (2.3 vs. 1.8 h, P = 0.20) and optimal therapy (44.4 vs. 39.1 h, P = 0.66) did not differ significantly between the cohorts. There was also no significant difference found in the number of cases reaching effective (120 vs. 116, P = 0.77) and optimal therapy (66 vs. 62, P = 0.76), length of stay (7 vs. 9 days), all‐cause mortality (1.6 vs. 1.6%) and number of intensive care unit admissions (20 vs. 15).ConclusionThe implementation of rapid diagnostics, when used in isolation, resulted in no improvement in antibiotic prescribing or patient clinical outcomes. To be effective, rapid diagnostics must be coupled with active real‐time antimicrobial stewardship promotion, de‐escalation or modification based on early laboratory results.