bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive, multisource database for hydrometeorological modeling of 14,425 North American watersheds
Authors: Arsenault Richard , Brissette François , Martel Jean-Luc , Troin Magali , Lévesque Guillaume , Davidson-Chaput Jonathan , Gonzalez Mariana Castañeda , Ameli Ali , Poulin Annie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Hydrometeorological Sandbox - École de technologie supérieure (HYSETS) is a rich, comprehensive and large-scale database for hydrological modelling covering 14425 watersheds in North America. The database includes data covering the period 1950–2018 depending on the type and source of data. The data include a wide array of hydrometeorological data required to perform hydrological and climate change impact studies: (1) watershed properties including boundaries, area, elevation slope, land use and other physiographic information; (2) hydrometric gauging station discharge time-series; (3) precipitation, maximum and minimum daily air temperature time-series from weather station records and from (4) the SCDNA infilled gauge meteorological dataset; (5) the NRCan and Livneh gridded interpolated products’ meteorological data; (6) ERA5 and ERA5-Land reanalysis data; and (7) the SNODAS and ERA5-Land snow water equivalent estimates. All data have been processed and averaged at the watershed scale, and provides a solid basis for hydrological modelling, climate change impact studies, model calibration assessment, regionalization method evaluation and essentially any study requiring access to large amounts of spatiotemporally varied hydrometeorological data.
Neotectonics of the Sea of Galilee (northeast Israel): implication for geodynamics and seismicity along the Dead Sea Fault system
Authors: Gasperini Luca , Lazar Michael , Mazzini Adriano , Lupi Matteo , Haddad Antoine , Hensen Christian , Schmidt Mark , Caracausi Antonio , Ligi Marco , Polonia Alina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Sea of Galilee in northeast Israel is a freshwater lake filling a morphological depression along the Dead Sea Fault. It is located in a tectonically complex area, where a N-S main fault system intersects secondary fault patterns non-univocally interpreted by previous reconstructions. A set of multiscale geophysical, geochemical and seismological data, reprocessed or newly collected, was analysed to unravel the interplay between shallow tectonic deformations and geodynamic processes. The result is a neotectonic map highlighting major seismogenic faults in a key region at the boundary between the Africa/Sinai and Arabian plates. Most active seismogenic displacement occurs along NNW-SSE oriented transtensional faults. This results in a left-lateral bifurcation of the Dead Sea Fault forming a rhomb-shaped depression we named the Capharnaum Trough, located off-track relative to the alleged principal deformation zone. Low-magnitude (ML = 3–4) epicentres accurately located during a recent seismic sequence are aligned along this feature, whose activity, depth and regional importance is supported by geophysical and geochemical evidence. This case study, involving a multiscale/multidisciplinary approach, may serve as a reference for similar geodynamic settings in the world, where unravelling geometric and kinematic complexities is challenging but fundamental for reliable earthquake hazard assessments.
Inversion of high-amplitude magnetic total field anomaly: an application to the Mengku iron-ore deposit, northwest China
Authors: Yang Jianhua , Liu Shuang , Hu Xiangyun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn magnetic prospecting, the total field anomaly formula that represents the projection of the magnetic anomaly vector on the geomagnetic field is widely used because it simplifies the calculation of forward modelling and inversion of magnetic data. However, the projection anomaly yields errors relative to the true observed magnetic anomaly, especially for high-amplitude magnetic anomalies such as in iron orebody and unexploded ordnance prospecting. In this study, we analyse the difference between the projection anomaly and observed modulus difference anomaly with physical parameters, and propose to directly invert for the modulus difference anomaly by constructing a nonlinear matrix equation between the model corrections and data corrections. The inversion is then implemented using a preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm. Synthetic and field magnetic data were used to test the inversion method. Comparison of the two types of total field anomalies shows that the error of the projection anomaly increased with increasing total-field magnetic anomaly. When the total-field magnetic anomaly was < 5,000 nT, the difference between the projection anomaly and modulus difference anomaly results can be ignored. For high-amplitude magnetic anomalies, the modulus difference anomaly inversion produced more accurate representations of both the shape and location of the magnetic sources.
Dynamical Casimir–Polder force on a two-level atom with superposition state in a cavity comprising a dielectric
Authors: Long Yumei , Wang Wentao , Zhang Xue , Yang Hui , Zheng Taiyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study the dynamical Casimir–Polder force on a two-level atom with different initial states in the one-dimensional dielectric cavity with output coupling, and obtain the analytical expression of the expectation value of dynamical Casimir–Polder force. Results show that the expectation values of dynamical Casimir–Polder force may be affected by the initial states of the atom. Moreover, the expectation value of Casimir–Polder force may vanish at some special atomic positions by properly selecting the initial state of the system. The effects of different relative dielectric constants and the cavity size on the expectation value of Casimir–Polder force are also discussed.
Increasing endogenous activity of NMDARs on GABAergic neurons increases inhibition, alters sensory processing and prevents noise-induced tinnitus
Authors: Deng Di , Masri Samer , Yao Lulu , Ma Xiaoyan , Cao Xuebing , Yang Sungchil , Bao Shaowen , Zhou Qiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSelective enhancement of GABAergic inhibition is thought to impact many vital brain functions and interferes with the genesis and/or progression of numerous brain disorders. Here, we show that selectively increasing NMDA receptor activity in inhibitory neurons using an NMDAR positive allosteric modulator (PAM) elevates spiking activity of inhibitory neurons in vitro and in vivo. In vivo infusion of PAM increases spontaneous and sound-evoked spiking in inhibitory and decreases spiking in excitatory neurons, and increases signal-to-noise ratio in the primary auditory cortex. In addition, PAM infusion prior to noise trauma prevents the occurrence of tinnitus and reduction in GABAergic inhibition. These results reveal that selectively enhancing endogenous NMDAR activity on the GABAergic neurons can effectively enhance inhibitory activity and alter excitatory–inhibitory balance, and may be useful for preventing diseases that involve reduced inhibition as the major cause.
Mechanisms of cell damage due to mechanical impact: an in vitro investigation
Authors: Kang Wonmo , Robitaille Michael C. , Merrill Marriner , Teferra Kirubel , Kim Chunghwan , Raphael Marc P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe dynamic response of cells when subjected to mechanical impact has become increasingly relevant for accurate assessment of potential blunt injuries and elucidating underlying injury mechanisms. When exposed to mechanical impact, a biological system such as the human skin, brain, or liver is rapidly accelerated, which could result in blunt injuries. For this reason, an acceleration of greater than > 150 g is the most commonly used criteria for head injury. To understand the main mechanism(s) of blunt injury under such extreme dynamic threats, we have developed an innovative experimental method that applies a well-characterized and -controlled mechanical impact to live cells cultured in a custom-built in vitro setup compatible with live cell microscopy. Our studies using fibroblast cells as a model indicate that input acceleration ($${a}_{in}$$ain) alone, even when it is much greater than the typical injury criteria, e.g., $${a}_{in}>1{,}000$$ain>1,000 g, does not result in cell damage. On the contrary, we have observed a material-dependent critical pressure value above which a sudden decrease in cell population and cell membrane damage have been observed. We have unambiguously shown that (1) this critical pressure is associated with the onset of cavitation bubbles in a cell culture chamber and (2) the dynamics of cavitation bubbles in the chamber induces localized compressive/tensile pressure cycles, with an amplitude that is considerably greater than the acceleration-induced pressure, to cells. More importantly, the rate of pressure change with time for cavitation-induced pressure is significantly faster (more than ten times) than acceleration-induced pressure. Our in vitro study on the dynamic response of biological systems due to mechanical impact is a crucial step towards understanding potential mechanism(s) of blunt injury and implementing novel therapeutic strategies post-trauma.
MAF1 is a chronic repressor of RNA polymerase III transcription in the mouse
Authors: Bonhoure Nicolas , Praz Viviane , Moir Robyn D. , Willemin Gilles , Mange François , Moret Catherine , Willis Ian M. , Hernandez Nouria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMaf1−/− mice are lean, obesity-resistant and metabolically inefficient. Their increased energy expenditure is thought to be driven by a futile RNA cycle that reprograms metabolism to meet an increased demand for nucleotides stemming from the deregulation of RNA polymerase (pol) III transcription. Metabolic changes consistent with this model have been reported in both fasted and refed mice, however the impact of the fasting-refeeding-cycle on pol III function has not been examined. Here we show that changes in pol III occupancy in the liver of fasted versus refed wild-type mice are largely confined to low and intermediate occupancy genes; high occupancy genes are unchanged. However, in Maf1−/− mice, pol III occupancy of the vast majority of active loci in liver and the levels of specific precursor tRNAs in this tissue and other organs are higher than wild-type in both fasted and refed conditions. Thus, MAF1 functions as a chronic repressor of active pol III loci and can modulate transcription under different conditions. Our findings support the futile RNA cycle hypothesis, elaborate the mechanism of pol III repression by MAF1 and demonstrate a modest effect of MAF1 on global translation via reduced mRNA levels and translation efficiencies for several ribosomal proteins.
1.2 MV/cm pulsed electric fields promote transthyretin aggregate degradation
Authors: Urabe Gen , Sato Takashi , Nakamura Gomaru , Kobashigawa Yoshihiro , Morioka Hiroshi , Katsuki Sunao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNumerous theoretical studies have been conducted on the effects of high-voltage electric fields on proteins, but few have produced experimental evidence. To acquire experimental data for the amyloid disassemble theory, we exposed transthyretin aggregates to 1 ns 1.26 MV/cm pulsed electric fields (PEFs) to promote transthyretin degradation. The process produced no changes in pH, and the resulting temperature increases were < 1 °C. We conclude that the physical effects of PEFs, rather than thermal or chemical effects, facilitate aggregate degradation.
Albumin-derived perfluorocarbon-based artificial oxygen carriers can avoid hypoxic tissue damage in massive hemodilution
Authors: Wrobeln Anna , Jägers Johannes , Quinting Theresa , Schreiber Timm , Kirsch Michael , Fandrey Joachim , Ferenz Katja B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractArtificial blood for clinical use is not yet available therefore, we previously developed artificial oxygen carriers (capsules) and showed their functionality in vitro and biocompatibility in vivo. Herein, we assessed the functionality of the capsules in vivo in a normovolemic hemodilution rat-model. We stepwise exchanged the blood of male Wistar-rats with medium either in the presence of capsules (treatment) or in their absence (control). We investigated tissue hypoxia thoroughly through online biomonitoring, determination of enzyme activity and pancreatic hormones in plasma, histochemical and immunohistochemical staining of small intestine, heart, liver and spleen as well as in situ hybridization of kidneys. After hemodilution, treated animals show higher arterial blood pressure and have a stable body temperature. Additionally, they show a more stable pH, a higher oxygen partial pressure (pO2), and a lower carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2). Interestingly, blood-glucose-levels drop severely in treated animals, presumably due to glucose consumption. Creatine kinase values in these animals are increased and isoenzyme analysis indicates the spleen as origin. Moreover, the small intestine of treated animals show reduced hypoxic injury compared to controls and the kidneys have reduced expression of the hypoxia-inducible erythropoietin mRNA. In conclusion, our capsules can prevent hypoxic tissue damage. The results provide a proof of concept for capsules as adequate erythrocyte substitute.
Spin-Hall-effect-modulation skyrmion oscillator
Authors: Whang Hyun-Seok , Choe Sug-Bong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe electric-current-induced spin torque on local magnetization allows the electric control of magnetization, leading to numerous key concepts of spintronic devices. Utilizing the steady-state spin precession under spin-polarized current, a nanoscale spin-torque oscillator tunable over GHz range is one of those promising concepts. Albeit successful proof of principles to date, the spin-torque oscillators still suffer from issues regarding output power, linewidth and magnetic-field-free operation. Here we propose an entirely new concept of spin-torque oscillator, based on magnetic skyrmion dynamics subject to lateral modulation of the spin-Hall effect (SHE). In the oscillator, a skyrmion circulates around the modulation boundary between opposite SHE-torque regions, since the SHE pushes the skyrmion toward the modulation boundary in both regions. A micromagnetic simulation confirmed such oscillations with frequencies of up to 15 GHz in media composed of synthetic ferrimagnets. This fast and robust SHE-modulation-based skyrmion oscillator is expected to overcome the issues associated with conventional spin-torque oscillators.
Colorimetric and electrochemical detection of pathogens in water using silver ions as a unique probe
Authors: Kumar Virendra , Chopra Adity , Bisht Bhawana , Bhalla Vijayender 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe manuscript highlights the efficacy of silver ions to act as a unique probe for the detection of bacterial contamination in water samples. The bacterial cell membrane adherence property of the silver ions was employed to develop two different bacterial detection assays employing colorimetric and electrochemical techniques. In one of the schemes, silver ion was used directly as a detector of bacteria in a colorimetric assay format, and in the other scheme surface-functionalized antibodies were used as a primary capture for specific detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. The colorimetric detection is based on silver-induced inhibition of urease activity and silver ion utilization by bacteria for the rapid screening of enteric pathogens in water. The specific detection of bacteria uses an antibody-based electrochemical method that employs silver as an electrochemical probe. The ability of silver to act as an electrochemical probe was investigated by employing Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) for targeted detection of Salmonella Typhi. For further insights into the developed assays, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies were performed. The sensitivity of the developed assay was found to be 100 cfu mL−1 for colorimetric and 10 cfu mL−1 for electrochemical assay respectively.
Glyphosate and its formulation Roundup impair pig oocyte maturation
Authors: Spinaci Marcella , Nerozzi Chiara , Tamanini Car lo , Bucci Diego , Galeati Giovanna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlyphosate, formulated as glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) including the best-known formulation Roundup, is the world's most widely used herbicide. During the last years, the growing and widespread use of GBHs has raised a great concern about the impact of environmental contamination on animal and human health including potential effect on reproductive systems. Using an in vitro model of pig oocyte maturation, we examined the biological impact of both glyphosate and Roundup on female gamete evaluating nuclear maturation, cytoplasmic maturation and developmental competence of oocytes, steroidogenic activity of cumulus cells as well as intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH) and ROS of oocytes. Our results indicate that although exposure to glyphosate and Roundup during in vitro maturation does not affect nuclear maturation and embryo cleavage, it does impair oocyte developmental competence in terms of blastocyst rate and cellularity. Moreover, Roundup at the same glyphosate-equivalent concentrations was shown to be more toxic than pure glyphosate, altering steroidogenesis and increasing oocyte ROS levels, thus confirming that Roundup adjuvants enhance glyphosate toxic effects and/or are biologically active in their side-effect and therefore should be considered and tested as active ingredients.
Postural change for supine position does not disturb toddlers’ nap
Authors: Ohta Hidenobu , Oishi Yoshihisa , Hirose Takako , Nakaya Sachiko , Tsuchiya Keiji , Nakagawa Machiko , Gima Hirotaka , Kusakawa Isao , Yoda Hitoshi , Sato Toshihiro , Sasaki Toru , Nishida Hiroshi , Obonai Toshimasa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study examined whether forced postural change from prone to supine during toddlers’ nap, a preventative measure taken in Japan for sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC), disturbs toddlers’ sleep. When the "Back to Sleep" campaign (BSC) was introduced to Japan in 1996, its recommendations were also applied to infants aged 1 year old and over with the expectation that the BSC recommendations may also contribute to a decrease in the occurrence rate of SUDC. Since then, Japanese nurseries have routinely conducted sleeping position checks and positional adjustments of toddlers every 5–10 min during naps. A total of 52 toddlers (age 18.4 ± 3.3 months, means ± SD) were continuously monitored for 8 h during daytime at nursery schools for wake-sleep status and body position (prone, supine and lateral) with actigraphs and 3-orthogonal-axis accelerometers. Out of the 52 toddlers, 24 toddlers adopted prone positions during naps, which were adjusted by nursery staff back to supine. When nursery staff manually changed the toddlers position from prone to supine, the toddlers either did not wake or woke only briefly (3.1 ± 4.9 min) and returned to sleep soon after the positional change. Our study indicates that manual change of toddlers’ sleeping position from prone to supine, a potential SUDC prevention method, does not disturb toddlers’ sleep during their naps.
Modulation of non-bilayer lipid phases and the structure and functions of thylakoid membranes: effects on the water-soluble enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase
Authors: Dlouhý Ondřej , Kurasová Irena , Karlický Václav , Javornik Uroš , Šket Primož , Petrova Nia Z. , Krumova Sashka B. , Plavec Janez , Ughy Bettina , Špunda Vladimír , Garab Győző 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe role of non-bilayer lipids and non-lamellar lipid phases in biological membranes is an enigmatic problem of membrane biology. Non-bilayer lipids are present in large amounts in all membranes; in energy-converting membranes they constitute about half of their total lipid content—yet their functional state is a bilayer. In vitro experiments revealed that the functioning of the water-soluble violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) enzyme of plant thylakoids requires the presence of a non-bilayer lipid phase. 31P-NMR spectroscopy has provided evidence on lipid polymorphism in functional thylakoid membranes. Here we reveal reversible pH- and temperature-dependent changes of the lipid-phase behaviour, particularly the flexibility of isotropic non-lamellar phases, of isolated spinach thylakoids. These reorganizations are accompanied by changes in the permeability and thermodynamic parameters of the membranes and appear to control the activity of VDE and the photoprotective mechanism of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll-a fluorescence. The data demonstrate, for the first time in native membranes, the modulation of the activity of a water-soluble enzyme by a non-bilayer lipid phase.
Transgenerational transmission of behavioral phenotypes produced by exposure of male mice to saccharin and nicotine
Authors: McCarthy Deirdre M. , Lowe Sarah E. , Morgan Thomas J. , Cannon Elisa N. , Biederman Joseph , Spencer Thomas J. , Bhide Pradeep G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe use of non-nutritive sweeteners such as saccharin is widely prevalent. Although saccharin is considered safe for human consumption, it produces behavioral changes in experimental animals. We report that saccharin’s behavioral effects are much more pervasive than currently recognized. In a mouse model, saccharin exposure produced motor impulsivity not only in the saccharin-exposed males but also in their offspring. In addition, the offspring showed locomotor hyperactivity and working memory deficit not observed in fathers. Spermatazoal DNA was hypermethylated in the saccharin-exposed fathers, especially at dopamine receptor promoter regions, suggesting that epigenetic modification of germ cell DNA may mediate transgenerational transmission of behavioral phenotypes. Dopamine’s role in hyperactivity was further highlighted by the finding that the stimulant drug methylphenidate mitigated the hyperactivity. Nicotine is another substance that is widely used. Its use via smokeless tobacco products, some of which contain saccharin, is on the rise contributing to concerns about adverse outcomes of co-exposure to saccharin and nicotine. We found that co-exposure of male mice to saccharin and nicotine produced significant behavioral impairment in their offspring. Thus, our data point to potential adverse neurobehavioral consequences of exposure to saccharin alone or saccharin and nicotine for the exposed individuals and their descendants.