bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Thermostable and Alkalitolerant Arabinofuranosidase by Streptomyces lividus
Authors: Olajide Abimbola , Adesina Felicia C. , Onilude Abiodun A. 
Published: April 2020

Aim: The study aimed at producing and purifying thermostable and alkalitolerant microbial arabinofuranosidase using local Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) as substrate.
Study Design: This is an experimental design in which samples were collected thrice and subjected to laboratory analyses from which quantitative data were obtained and analysed.
Place and Duration of Study: Ibadan, Nigeria, Five months.
Methodology: Bacterial strains were isolated from degrading PKC by serial dilution and pour plate technique on formulated Modified Basal Salt Agar Medium and incubated at 50°C for enzyme activity screening. Plates were afterwards flooded with 1% congo red solution for visualization of hydrolysis zone. Its arabinofuranosidase activity was optimized in solid state fermentation in PKC. Production temperature, pH, moisture content, inoculum size and agitation were studied for optimization test. Optimal production temperature and pH for arabinofuranosidase by isolate was 45°C and pH 9. Produced arabinofuranosidase was purified to apparent homogeneity with ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis and column chromatography techniques. Stability of arabinofuranofuranosidase obtained to temperature, pH, substrate concentration and some ions was determined as well as its molecular weight using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
Results: Isolate with highest arabinofuranosidase activity was selected and identified as Streptomyces lividus. Purity level attained was 16.36 fold. Enzyme had a specific activity of 25.4 U/mg, and total enzyme activity of 13.2 U. Molecular weight of enzyme appeared as a band of 30 kDa. Purified arabinofuranosidase enzyme revealed optimum temperature and pH as 60oC and 9 respectively. Enzyme was stable over a broad pH range of 3-11, and temperature of 30-80oC. Residual activity after incubating for 1 hour at 70oC was 64%. Enzyme kinetics studies showed Km and Vmax values for P-nitrophenyl arabinofuranoside were 2.3mM and 0.7U/min respectively.
Conclusion: Apart from Solid State Fermentation (SSF) of PKC being a potential fermentation technique for production of arabinofuranosidase by Streptomyces lividus, the enzyme was highly stable.
Assessing the Potential of Elaeis guineensis Plantations for Carbon Sequestration and Fresh Fruit Bunch Yield in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Rakesh S. S. , Davamani V. , Banu K. Sara Parwin , Maragatham S. , Lakshmanan A. , Parameswari E. , Velmurugan M. 
Published: April 2020

Elaeis guineensis is one of the potential carbon sequestering perennial crop by biological means. It has helped in the mitigating global warming and climatic fluctuations. The main objective of our study is to evacuate the hidden potential treasure of oil palm in carbon sequestration and vegetable oil yield. In this study we selected Tenera hybrids oil palm plantations in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu with standard management practices. It had been selected in the year 2019 and assessed for carbon sequestration potential and Fresh fruit bunch yield by non-destructive carbon stock assessment methods and standard estate practices for harvest. In our study the carbon sequestration is higher in trunks found to be 15.3 t C/ha (tons carbon per hectare) in 5 years and 26.6 t C/ha in 10 years while roots sequestered carbon for about 4.0 t C/ha in 5 years and 6.93 t C/ha in 10 years plantations. The fronds sequesters about 1.39 t C/ha in 5 years and 2.1 t C/ha in 10 years oil palm plantations while the fresh fruit bunch yield in 5 years and 10 years plantations were found to be 7.60 t/ha/year (tons per hectare per year) and 12.31 t/ha/year respectively. The present study evidenced that the biomass production and fresh fruit bunch yield in oil palm proportionally increases with the age group.
This study holds that the higher biomass production which increases carbon sequestration and yields in oil palm helps in altering of the microclimate and to increase the economic benefits of farming communities.
The Role Water Content in the Forming of the Ecological Condition of the Rivers of Siverskyi Donets Basin
Authors: Loboda Natalia S. , Smalii Oksana V. 
Published: April 2020

Aims: The aim of the study is to determine the impact of the water content in the forming of the ecological condition of the rivers of Siverskyi Donets Basin (Ukraine) based on chemical and physico-chemical observations.
Study Design: The ecological condition of rivers is determined by their water contents and anthropogenic loading. Therefore, this study focused on the identification of the main trends in the changes of the quality of river water in the conditions of global warming impact.
Place and Duration of Study: The study addressed the industrial Chuhuiv, Zmiiv, Lysychansk cities located along the main river, the Udy River (discharges of municipal and industrial wastewater of the Kharkiv City), Kazennyi Torets, Kryvyi Torets, Bakhmutka (discharges of mine water from Donetsk coal basin) and Luhan (industrial and agricultural waste water) for 26 years from 1990 to 2015.
Methodology: Relationships between the indicators of water quality and the characteristics of water content were established from regression analysis. Determination of the ecological condition of the rivers was in the form estimated as a complex index of the ecological condition of their water, that based on the chemical and physico-chemical variations generated from many years of observations for them in the water.
Results: The study findings show that the indices of mineralization block and sanitary-toxicological block are increasing as the water content decreases, and the indices of toxicological and fishery blocks are increasing. The relationship between the indices of the ecological-sanitary block and water content was not found to be statistically significant. The overall index of the ecological condition of the rivers water steadily increases as the water content increases.
Conclusion: The water quality the rivers of the Siverskyi Donets Basin puts them into the categories of "polluted" and "very polluted" rivers. The analysis of the block indices of water quality generated in this study revealed that the substances of toxicological block (ammonium, nitrites, SSAS, heavy metals) and fishery block (petroleum products, phenols) are the most impacting on the water quality of the rivers of the Siverskyi Donets Catchment.
Reflexões sobre o dinheiro de crédito em Marx
Authors: Melo Ricardo Pereira de 
Published: April 2020

<p>O objetivo principal do artigo é desenvolver a exposição dialética de Marx sobre o dinheiro de crédito e desvelar as potencialidades dessa categoria para compreender as relações fetichizadas do modo de produção capitalista. Para isso, pretende-se acompanhar a <em>léxis</em> de Marx sobre o desenvolvimento da categoria a partir do crédito comercial até o seu desenvolvimento em crédito bancário que está presente na seção V do Livro III de <em>O Capital.</em> A seção V, como o próprio Engels afirma, foi a parte mais difícil de organizar e editar, pois muitos textos estavam inacabados e os capítulos não possuíam uma ordem expositiva clara. Dessa forma, o artigo busca organizar uma proposta de apresentação de uma leitura conceitual do dinheiro de crédito exposto nessa seção de <em>O Capital.</em> </p>
Das “armas e religião” nos cadernos do cárcere de Antonio Gramsci
Authors: Semeraro Giovanni 
Published: April 2020

<span>Inseparáveis na vida do Estado e na atuação da política, “armas e religião” passam a ser reinterpretadas nas reflexões carcerárias de A. Gramsci e adquirem significado de fecunda originalidade e atualidade. Partindo da interlocução crítica que Gramsci estabelece com F. Guicciardini e N. Maquiavel, este artigo percorre inúmeras notas esparsas nos <em>Cadernos do cárcere</em> relativas ao assunto e revela a complexidade e as controvérsias das questões implicadas. O surpreendente volume de anotações e a tradução que Gramsci opera a respeito do binômio “armas e religião” e, portanto, da relação dialética entre força e consenso, estrutura e superestrutura, esclarecem o conceito de hegemonia e da sua nova concepção de política e de Estado. Neste sentido, ao focalizar particularmente o desenho teórico desenvolvido por Gramsci em torno das “relações de força”, o artigo finaliza estabelecendo uma inevitável conexão com o emprego de “armas e religião” que as classes dominantes utilizam atualmente na política brasileira.</span>
Crise do capital, financeirização e educação
Authors: Fontes Virginia Maria Gomes de Mattos 
Published: April 2020

<p>Para este Volume 11, n. 3 de <em>Germinal: Marxismo e Educação em Debate</em> convidou Virginia Maria Gomes de Mattos Fontes, historiadora formada pela Universidade Federal Fluminense e com Doutorado em Filosofia pela Université de Paris X, Nanterre (1992). É docente da Escola Nacional Florestan Fernandes-MST e Coordenadora do GT <em>História e Marxismo</em> - Anpuh, tendo produzido obras de relevância para o reconhecimento da conjuntura com destaque para a inserção brasileira no capitalismo mundial. Entre estas, destacamos: <em>Reflexões Im-pertinentes</em> (2005); <em>O Brasil e o capital-imperialismo</em>: teoria e história (2010); ou os artigos “A incorporação subalterna brasileira ao capital-imperialismo” publicado na <em>Critica Marxista</em> (São Paulo, v. 36, p. 103-114, 2013); “Capitalismo, Crise e Conjuntura”, <em>Revista de Serviço Social</em> (n<strong>. </strong>130<strong>, </strong>São Paulo, set./dez.<strong> </strong>2017). Nos auxiliaram na produção do roteiro os Professores Elza Margarida de Mendonça Peixoto, Pedro Leão da Costa Neto, Maria de Fátima Rodrigues Pereira, José Claudinei Lombardi, Nivia de Moraes Bispo, Elson Moura Dias Junior, Otávio Aranha, Vania de Moraes Lopes e Itamar Sousa.</p>
Electro‐Photoluminescence Color Change for Deformable Visual Encryption
Authors: Lee Gilwoon , Kong Minsik , Park Doowon , Park Junho , Jeong Unyong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough structural coloring and photoluminescence (PL) have been investigated for radiation‐responsive color change, electroluminescence (EL) has not been used for the radiation‐responsive system. An electro‐photoluminescence (EPL) color change is presented here. The phosphors in the alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) act simultaneously as electro‐luminophores and photo‐luminophores. The EPL chromaticity is systematically investigated depending on the ACEL frequency and UV intensity. It is found that the PL variation depending on UV intensity is the mechanism of the EPL color change. It is revealed that EL and PL can be controlled independently in the low electric field so that the EPL chromaticity can be adjusted by a linear combination of the EL color and the PL color. The EPL color‐changing device is used as a deformable visual encryption system and a soft skin for a soft robotic rover, imitating the concealment and signaling functions in nature.
Modular Nanocomposite Films with Tunable Physical Organization of Cellulose Nanocrystals for Photonic Encryption
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Xiaojie , Huang Heqin , Cui Shiqiang , Chen Ye , Wang Xiaohui , Zhang Kai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReported herein is the novel achievement of uniform and tunable interference colors of nanocomposite films containing organized cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from dynamic hydrogel precursors. Homogeneous and amendable interference colors with broad range are obtained either by stacking the nanocomposite films to adjust the amount of CNCs in the propagation pathway of light or by regulating the rotation angles between the individual films to alter the relative organization of CNCs within the system. Moreover, the precise and controllable patterned CNC composite films with multicolors in one film are facilely fabricated for the first time from the patterned hydrogel precursors. Based on this stacking/rotation‐method, these patterned nanocomposite films with tunable interference colors can be further applied as fundamental elements for optical encryption by establishing a ternary‐coded decimal system with encoded decimal numerals, paving the way for the development of photonic functional materials based on CNCs.
Solution‐Processed Polymer Solar Cells with over 17% Efficiency Enabled by an Iridium Complexation Approach
Authors: Wang Tao , Sun Rui , Shi Mumin , Pan Fei , Hu Zhicheng , Huang Fei , Li Yongfang , Min Jie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe commercially available PM6 as donor materials are used widely in highly efficient nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this work, different concentrations of iridium (Ir) complexes (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 mol%) are incorporated carefully into the polymer conjugated backbone of PM6 (PM6‐Ir0), and a set of π‐conjugated polymer donors (named PM6‐Ir0.5, PM6‐Ir1, PM6‐Ir2.5, and PM6‐Ir5) are synthesized and characterized. It is demonstrated that the approach can rationally modify the molecular aggregations of polymer donors, effectively controlling the corresponding blend morphology and physical mechanisms, and finally improve the photovoltaic performance of the PM6‐Irx‐based PSCs. Among them, the best device based on PM6‐Ir1:Y6 (1:1.2, w/w) exhibits outstanding power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 17.24% tested at Wuhan University and 17.32% tested at Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences as well as a certified PCE of 16.70%, which are much higher than that of the control device based on the PM6‐Ir0:Y6 blend (15.39%). This work affords an effective approach for further break through the reported champion PCE of the binary PSCs.
Precursor Engineering for Ambient‐Compatible Antisolvent‐Free Fabrication of High‐Efficiency CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Duan Chenyang , Cui Jian , Zhang Miaomiao , Han Yu , Yang Shaomin , Zhao Huan , Bian Hongtao , Yao Jianxi , Zhao Kui , Liu Zhike , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh temperature stable inorganic CsPbX3 (X: I, Br, or mixed halides) perovskites with their bandgap tailored by tuning the halide composition offer promising opportunities in the design of ideal top cells for high‐efficiency tandem solar cells. Unfortunately, the current high‐efficiency CsPbX3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are prepared in vacuum, a moisture‐free glovebox or other low‐humidity conditions due to their poor moisture stability. Herein, a new precursor system (HCOOCs, HPbI3, and HPbBr3) is developed to replace the traditional precursors (CsI, PbI2, and PbBr2) commonly used for solar cells of this type. Both the experiments and calculations reveal that a new complex (HCOOH•Cs+) is generated in this precursor system. The new complex is not only stable against aging in humid air ambient at 91% relative humidity, but also effectively slows the perovskite crystallization, making it possible to eliminate the popular antisolvent used in the perovskite CsPbI2Br film deposition. The CsPbI2Br PSCs based on the new precursor system achieve a champion efficiency of 16.14%, the highest for inorganic PSCs prepared in ambient air conditions. Meanwhile, high air stability is demonstrated for an unencapsulated CsPbI2Br PSC with 92% of the original efficiency remaining after more than 800 h aging in ambient air.
The performance of spring wheat cultivar mixtures under conventional and organic management in Western Canada
Authors: Chen Hua , Nguyen Khang , Iqbal Muhammad , Beres Brian L. , Hucl Pierre J. , Spaner Dean 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar mixtures may stabilize yield across environments, control air‐borne diseases, and manage pest populations in both conventional and organically managed systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate agronomic and end‐use quality characteristics of wheat cultivar mixtures. Five Canada Western Red Spring wheat cultivars (‘Go Early’, ‘Carberry’, ‘Glenn’, ‘CDC Titanium’, and ‘Lillian’) differing in agronomic and quality traits were selected to compose 20 possible two‐way and three‐way combinations. Field experiments were conducted in four conventional and two organic environments in Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada in 2016 and 2017. Wheat cultivar mixtures out‐yielded their mid‐component averages in both conventional and organic environments. Averaged across locations, two mixtures, Glenn–Lillian and Go Early–Glenn–Lillian, significantly out‐yielded their mid‐components. The overall yield increase ranged from 3.3 to 14.1%, with a mean of 0.18 Mg ha–1 over different environments. Grain yield was negatively correlated with protein content (r = –.53) and falling number was negatively correlated with sedimentation volume (r = –.66) in conventional systems. Protein content was positively correlated with falling number in both conventional (r = .60) and organic (r = .40) systems. Days to maturity was positively correlated with yield (r = .40) and sedimentation volume (r = .40), but negatively correlated with falling number (r = –.80) in organic system. Sole cultivars were more stable under conventional, and mixtures were more stable under organic management. Our results suggest that wheat cultivar mixtures may provide yield advantage under abiotic stresses in conventional, whereas superior yield and grain quality in organic management.
The influence of socioeconomic status and age on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among 5 to 10‐year‐old children in Curitiba, Brazil
Authors: Hércules Emília , Peralta Miguel , Henriques‐Neto Duarte , Rodrigues Liziane , Galvão Maria Rosi , Cavichiolli Fernando , Marques Adilson 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the influence of the socioeconomic status (SES) and age on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among 5 to 10‐year‐old children from Brazil.MethodsThe sample consisted of 80 782 (41 063 boys) students aged 5 to 10‐year‐old. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. SES was self‐reported by parents when registering for school in the same year as the assessment.ResultsAn increasing trend in the prevalence of obesity, for boys and girls, and overweight, for girls, as they got older was observed. The prevalence of obesity was greater among medium SES boys, 18.1% (95% CI: 17.7, 18.6), and girls, 18.1% (95% CI: 17.7, 18.6), compared with low SES. For each year boys and girls get older their odds of being underweight, overweight and obese increase. Medium and high SES boys were 23% (95% CI: 1.14, 1.32) and 25% (95%CI: 1.03, 1.52) more likely to be obese than low SES boys. Girls with high SES were 20% (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.31) more likely of being obese than girls with low SES. Furthermore, age and being in the medium SES for both sexes and in the high SES for boys was positively related to the BMI z‐score.ConclusionBoth age and SES were factors associated with obesity among Brazilian children. For public health policies to be effective, it is necessary to understand why higher SES children and older children have higher risk and prevalence of obesity and overweight.
Differences in morbidity and mortality in Down syndrome are related to the type of congenital heart defect
Authors: Baban Anwar , Olivini Nicole , Cantarutti Nicoletta , Calì Federica , Vitello Carmen , Valentini Diletta , Adorisio Rachele , Calcagni Giulio , Alesi Viola , Di Mambro Corrado , Villani Alberto , Dallapiccola Bruno , Digilio Maria Cristina , Marino Bruno , Carotti Adriano , Drago Fabrizio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMorbidity and mortality in Down syndrome (DS) are mainly related to congenital heart defects (CHDs). While CHDs with high prevalence in DS (typical CHDs), such as endocardial cushion defects, have been extensively described, little is known about the impact of less common CHDs (atypical CHDs), such as aortic coarctation and univentricular hearts. In our single‐center study, we analyzed, in observational, retrospective manner, data regarding cardiac features, surgical management, and outcomes of a cohort of DS patients. Literature review was performed to investigate previously reported studies on atypical CHDs in DS. Patients with CHDs were subclassified as having typical or atypical CHDs. Statistical analysis was performed for comparison between the groups. The study population encompassed 859 DS patients, 72.2% with CHDs, of which 4.7% were atypical. Statistical analysis showed a significant excess in multiple surgeries, all‐cause mortality and cardiac mortality in patients with atypical CHDs (p = .0067, p = .0038, p = .0001, respectively). According to the Kaplan–Meier method, survival at 10 and 40 years was significantly higher in typical CHDs (99 and 98% vs. 91 and 84%, log rank <0.05). Among atypical CHDs, it seems that particularly multiple complex defects in univentricular physiology associate with a worse outcome. This may be due to the surgical difficulty in managing univentricular hearts with multiple defects concurring to the clinical picture or to the severity of associated defects themselves. Further studies need to address this specific issue, also considering the higher pulmonary pressures, infective complications, and potential comorbidities in DS patients.
Clinical findings of 21 previously unreported probands with HNRNPU‐related syndrome and comprehensive literature review
Authors: Durkin Anna , Albaba Shadi , Fry Andrew E. , Morton Jenny E. , Douglas Andrew , Beleza Ana , Williams Denise , Volker‐Touw Catharina M.L. , Lynch Sally A. , Canham Natalie , Clowes Virginia , Straub Volker , Lachlan Katherine , Gibbon Frances , El Gamal Mayy , Varghese Vinod , Parker Michael J. , Newbury‐Ecob Ruth , Turnpenny Peter D. , Gardham Alice , Ghali Neeti , Balasubramanian Meena 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith advances in genetic testing and improved access to such advances, whole exome sequencing is becoming a first‐line investigation in clinical work‐up of children with developmental delay/intellectual disability (ID). As a result, the need to understand the importance of genetic variants and its effect on the clinical phenotype is increasing. Here, we report on the largest cohort of patients with HNRNPU variants. These 21 patients follow on from the previous study published by Yates et al. in 2017 from our group predominantly identified from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study that reported seven patients with HNRNPU variants. All the probands reported here have a de novo loss‐of‐function variant. These probands have craniofacial dysmorphic features, in the majority including widely spaced teeth, microcephaly, high arched eyebrows, and palpebral fissure abnormalities. Many of the patients in the group also have moderate to severe ID and seizures that tend to start in early childhood. This series has allowed us to define a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome, with a likely mechanism of haploinsufficiency, and expand substantially on already published literature on HNRNPU‐related neurodevelopmental syndrome.