bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Electrochemistry Decorated By Andrzej Wieckowski
Authors: Stamenkovic Vojislav R. , Markovic Nenad M , Strmcnik Dusan 
Published: May 2020

Surface electrochemistry aimed towards materials with advanced catalytic processes will be thoroughly discussed in a view of footprint, contributions and approach that was pursued by Prof. Andrzej Wieckowski. A number of well-defined single crystalline surfaces will be brought to the audience to recall past time when many groups were focused on CO electrochemistry and design of new real world catalysts that would meet strict CO-tolerant requirements.
Andrzej was pioneering a difficult pathway in executing the most complex in-situ measurements and he was always challenging others in order to push the field towards new frontiers. That time created a number of highly visible articles and research groups were competing who would be the first in proposing the new reaction mechanism, novel material or to dispute work of others who made questionable claims. That time is known as golden era of electrochemistry, where scientific knowledge did not have alternative in front highly critical audience. This field is missing those times, and for that reason, this symposium is an outstanding opportunity to recall past, and to remember Prof. Wieckowski as a pillar who was setting the new limits.
Detection of Intermediate in Ammonia Oxidation Reaction Using Aggregation-Induced Emission Phenomenon
Authors: Siddharth Kumar , Alam Parvej , Tang Ben Zhong , Shao Minhua 
Published: May 2020

Ammonia electro-oxidation reaction (AOR) is a vital reaction for solving energy and environment problems as it is the anodic reaction in direct ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs), ammonia electrolyzer and in the remediation of wastewater containing ammonia.1-2 Designing high-performance electrocatalysts for AOR requires thorough understanding of mechanism and intermediates produced. Techniques like in-situ FTIR have provided information about intermediates produced during AOR in aqueous alkaline media.3-4 However, the mechanism is still not well understood and more proof of exact intermediates are needed. Furthermore, these in-situ methods are complex with multiple procedures requiring extreme precision.
N2Hx is an important intermediate in the dimerization step according to Gerischer and Mauerer mechanism. In this work, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) phenomenon was used for the first time to target and detect hydrazine (N2H4) as an intermediate during AOR using commercial Pt/C as electrocatalyst. Tetraphenylethene-CHO (TPE-CHO) molecule as AIEgen was used for this purpose. Combination of photoluminescence (PL) spectra showing turn-off fluorescence along with the electrochemistry results illustrated the presence of hydrazine as an intermediate. In Figure 1, fluorescence spectra in THF/water mixture with 90% of water fractions for different electrocatalyst loading keeping the AIE concentration same is depicted. It was observed that with increase in catalyst concentration, PL spectra intensity decreased considerably indicating towards the desired reaction of intermediate produced during reaction with the already present AIE on GC electrode.
Control experiments using graphene and TPE were performed to elucidate the results further. Mass spectra of the product formed after reaction between hydrazine hydrate and TPE-CHO was obtained and compared with the one obtained during electrochemical reaction. A very simple and novel method for detection of an intermediate, hydrazine in AOR using AIE phenomenon is demonstrated opening new strategy for mechanism understanding of an electrochemical reaction.

Figure 1. Fluorescence spectra in THF/water mixture with 90% of water fractions for different electrocatalyst loading keeping the AIE concentration same.

References

1. Zhong, C., Hu ,W. B., and Cheng Y. F., Journal of Materials Chemistry A
2013, 10, 3216-3238.
2. Siddharth, Kumar, Yattung Chan, Lu Wang, and Minhua Shao, Current Opinion in Electrochemistry
2018, Vol 9, 151-157.
3. Matsui, T., Suzuki, S., Katayama, Y., Yamauchi, K., Okanishi, T., Muroyama, H., and Eguchi, K. Langmuir
2015, 31, 11717-11723.
4. Katayama, Y., Okanishi, T., Muroyama, H., Matsui, T., and Eguchi, K., ACS Catalysis
2016, 3, 2026-2034.

Figure 1
2D Semi-Metallic TiS2 Electrocatalyst for CO2 Conversion
Authors: Aljabour Abdalaziz 
Published: May 2020

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are the most efficient and selective electrocatalysts for the heterogenous CO2 reduction to CO, along with MoS2, WS2, and their diselenides.[1, 2] Here we show CO electrosynthesis using atomic layer deposited TiS2 with a maximum Faraday yield of 64 % at an overpotential of less than 0.4V at 5 mA cm-2. We provide mechanistic insights on the electrosynthesis of C=O by the insitu ATR-FTIR spectroelectrochemistry. Operando studies reveal that the reason of high CO selectivity is due to the CO2 binding on active disulfide planes. Paired with mild synthesis protocol, reasonable stability and low-cost production, semi-metallic TiS2 promises satisfying applicability in CO2 electroreduction and utilization technology.
[1] P. Abbasi, M. Asadi, C. Liu, S. Sharifi-Asl, B. Sayahpour, A. Behranginia, P. Zapol, R. Shahbazian-Yassar, L.A. Curtiss, A. Salehi-Khojin, Tailoring the edge structure of molybdenum disulfide toward electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, ACS nano, 11 (2016) 453-460.
[2] M. Asadi, K. Kim, C. Liu, A.V. Addepalli, P. Abbasi, P. Yasaei, P. Phillips, A. Behranginia, J.M. Cerrato, R. Haasch, P. Zapol, B. Kumar, R.F. Klie, J. Abiade, L.A. Curtiss, A. Salehi-Khojin, Nanostructured transition metal dichalcogenide electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction in ionic liquid, Science, 353 (2016) 467-470.
Mimicking Noble Metals Using Hydrogen-Bonded Conducting Polymers for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Coskun Halime , Aljabour Abdalaziz , Yoshida Tsukasa , Stadler Philipp 
Published: May 2020

The most active and efficient catalysts for the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction rely on noble metals, a fact that increases the cost of producing hydrogen and thereby limits the widespread adoption of this fuel. Here we present metal-free polydopamine and polyguanine as selective organic hydrogen electrocatalysts1–3. The conducting functional polymers incorporate selective hydrogen-affine hydrogen bonds that possess a similar hydrogen binding energies and work function as e.g. platinum. We report the synthesis of hydrogen-selective electrocatalytic polyguanine and polydopamine and demonstrate the enhancement of the rate-determining step in the proton reduction. We further present mechanistic spectral IR-operando studies on the catalytic hydrogen bonded motifs as well as the continuous electrolysis to molecular hydrogen using polyguanine and polydopamine electrodes for several 100 hours without notable degradation.
(1) Coskun, H.; Aljabour, A.; Schöfberger, W.; Hinterreiter, A.; Stifter, D.; Sariciftci, N. S.; Stadler, P. Cofunction of Protons as Dopant and Reactant Activate the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Emeraldine‐Polyguanine. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 1901364 DOI: 10.1002/admi.201901364.
(2) Coskun, H.; Aljabour, A.; Uiberlacker, L.; Strobel, M.; Hild, S.; Cobet, C.; Farka, D.; Stadler, P.; Sariciftci, N. S. Chemical Vapor Deposition - Based Synthesis of Conductive Polydopamine Thin-Films. Thin Solid Films 2018, 645 (August 2017), 320–325 DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2017.10.063.
(3) Coskun, H.; Aljabour, A.; Luna, P. De; Sun, H.; Nishiumi, N.; Yoshida, T.; Koller, G.; Ramsey, M. G.; Greunz, T.; Stifter, D.; Hassel, A. W.; Sariciftci, N. S.; Sargent, E. H.; Stadler, P. Hydrogen-Bonded Polymers Mimic Noble Metal Electrocatalysts. Adv. Mater., submitted.
Atomically Thin Film Platinum Supported Sub-Stoichiometric Titania: A Tunable Electrocatalyst for Fuel Cell Reactions
Authors: Bell Crystal , Drexler Matthew N , Yang Stella , Sasaki Kotaro , Alamgir Faisal M. 
Published: May 2020

Designing efficient catalyst for fuel cell devices has gained an increasing amount of attention over the last decade for chemical to electrical energy conversion. The widespread commercialization of fuel cells, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells, are hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction, the costly platinum catalyst employed within the cell, along with long-term catalyst degradation. One approach aimed at simultaneously addressing these drawbacks is to synthesize atomically thin film platinum on a robust support. While many catalysts are being investigated for fuel cell reactions, Pt based catalysts are in high demand due to stability, high activity, and low overpotential. We demonstrate an unprecedented electrochemical deposition of Pt on graphene/sub-stoichiometric titania supports (Ti2O3 and Ti3O5).
Ti2O3 and Ti3O5 films were deposited on silicon wafers via pulsed laser deposition. Four-point probe measurements, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the chemical, electrical, and morphological properties of the sub-stoichiometric supports. Chemical vapor deposited graphene on copper foil was transferred through a series of etchants to produce the Gr/TixO2x-1
(x=1 or 2) support. Incorporating a graphene interfacial layer between Pt and TixO2x-1 served as a platform for large-area, fully wetted growth of two-dimensional Pt films. Pt thin films were electrochemically co-deposited on Gr/TixO2x-1 supports in an aqueous solution consisting of Pt2+ and Cu2+.The chemical and morphological properties of the electrochemically deposited Pt films were investigated using XPS and SEM, respectively. Pt films were found to exist in a metallic state. The functionality of the synthesized catalyst was tested using major fuel cell reactions including, oxygen reduction, methanol oxidation, and ammonia oxidation reactions. Overall, varying the stoichiometry of the TixO2x-1 supports leads to reaction overpotential tunability as predicted by fluctuations in the work-function of the support. This study provides insights on the preparation of a novel Pt/Gr/TixO2x-1 catalyst aimed at developing clean energy devices.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity and Durability of Pt-Ni Catalysts Synthesized By a Continuous Flow Reactor
Authors: Fujine Keisuke , Wang Liang , Nagai Tomoyuki , Zhang Ying , Jia Hongfei 
Published: May 2020

In recent years, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology has attracted much attention and enabled the successful commercialization of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). However, the continuation of FCEV deployment still faces various hurdles, of which one major challenge is related to the high cost of platinum-based catalysts.[1] Substantial efforts have been dedicated for improving catalyst structure and composition to enhance their performance and thus lower the loadings for cost reduction. For example, shape-controlled catalysts such as octahedral PtNi and PtCo alloy nanoparticles showed much higher activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than the conventional Pt/C catalyst. [2-5] However, those advanced catalysts were typically prepared by batch synthesis with quantities often as little as a few milligrams, making it difficult for validation and further development of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for commercial application. Attempt in increasing the catalyst amount by multiple batches can be time-consuming and sometimes challenging to maintain the consistency.
We recently designed a flow reactor (FR) to explore the continuous synthesis of Pt alloy nanoparticles (Fig. 1.) under elevated temperature and pressure (up to 350 °C and 1000 psi). It has several advantages including fast heat-exchange, fast mixing, uniform concentration and uniform temperature as compared to batch synthesis. These features made it possible to accurately control the reaction parameters to produce monodisperse Pt alloy catalysts up to 10 grams per day with high reproducibility. In this study, systematic investigation was conducted on the FR synthetic conditions for highly active catalyst. We were able to control the size and composition of resulting PtNi nanoparticles to achieve much higher ORR activity than commercial catalysts by optimizing synthesis conditions. As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, octahedral PtNi alloy catalysts synthesized by the FR showed much higher mass activity and specific activity compared to commercial benchmark. Attempts were also made to use machine learning tools to assist experimental design and data analysis for process optimization. It is expected that the combination of the latest development of data science and the inherent features of such flow reactors can substantially accelerate future FC catalyst R&D.

Figure 1
Doped-Graphene Based Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Isopi Jacopo , Tuci Giulia , Giambastiani Giuliano , Marcaccio Massimo 
Published: May 2020

The Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) is a fundamental process for sustaining life as well as it is utilized in the field of energy conversion and biosensing analysis. The process, exploited in fuel cells and metal-air based batteries, proceeds at a very slow kinetic rate requiring a catalyst to reduce the activation barrier. Platinum is an ideal catalyst but it is neither cheap nor environmentally friendly. The prospect of an alternative to Platinum is intriguing and has yielded considerable research in the past decade. Amongst the most promising materials as catalysts, carbon-based systems, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene derivatives, are particularly intriguing. Synthetic strategies allow to produce tunable graphene-based materials, starting from graphene oxide (GO) and reducing the oxidized groups of GO, in presence of compounds capable of adding functional groups or heteroatoms to the carbon lattice.
We were particularly interested in the material obtained by doping GO with nitrogen and boron through its reduction in presence of idrazine and borazine. Such doped reduced graphene oxides (rGO) show almost the same electronic properties as graphene, with some X-C (X= N or B) regions within the graphene lattice that have a useful dipole moment which helps the interaction between the oxygen molecule and the catalytic substrate; thus, such sites represent those active for the ORR catalysis. We report here the investigation of the electrochemical behavior of a selection of such material and their electrocatalytic activity for the ORR.
Design of Optimized PEDOT-Based Electrodes for Enhancing Performance of Living Photovoltaics Based on Phototropic Bacteria
Authors: Reggente Melania , Politi Sara , Antonucci Alessandra , Tamburri Emanuela , Boghossian Ardemis Anoush 
Published: May 2020

Living photovoltaics represent a growing class of microbial devices that are based on whole cell-electrode interactions [1-3]. The limited charge transfer at the cell-electrode interface represents a significant bottleneck in realizing an efficient technology [4]. This study focuses on the development of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based electrodes with enhanced charge transfer properties at the interface [5,6]. This is accomplished by the electrosynthesis of PEDOT layers from aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions. Potentiodynamic and potentiostatic electrochemical techniques, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, and theoretical modelling of the electropolymerization transient, were employed to assembly and characterize PEDOT electrodes under various conditions. The produced electrodes are able to capture photosynthetically derived current under multiple light-dark cycles when interfaced with Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. In the presence of the Synechocystis, the PEDOT electrodes show a six-fold and two-fold enhancement over conventional graphite electrodes for both mediatorless and K3Fe(CN)6 mediated conditions, respectively. The ability of these electrodes to enhance extracted photocurrent for both direct and indirect electron transfer mechanisms provides a versatile platform for improving various microbial devices.
[1] Zou, Y., Pisciotta, J., Billmyre, R. B., & Baskakov, I. V. (2009). Photosynthetic microbial fuel cells with positive light response. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 104(5), 939-946.
[2] Pisciotta, J. M., Zou, Y., & Baskakov, I. V. (2010). Light-dependent electrogenic activity of cyanobacteria. PloS one, 5(5), e10821.
[3] Schuergers, N., Werlang, C., Ajo-Franklin, C. M., & Boghossian, A. A. (2017). A synthetic biology approach to engineering living photovoltaics. Energy & environmental science, 10(5), 1102-1115.
[4] Mouhib, M., Antonucci, A., Reggente, M., Amirjani, A., Gillen, A. J., & Boghossian, A. A. (2019). Enhancing bioelectricity generation in microbial fuel cells and biophotovoltaics using nanomaterials. Nano Research, 1-16.
[5] Tamburri, E., Orlanducci, S., Toschi, F., Terranova, M. L., & Passeri, D. (2009). Growth mechanisms, morphology, and electroactivity of PEDOT layers produced by electrochemical routes in aqueous medium. Synthetic metals, 159(5-6), 406-414.
[6] Zajdel, T. J., Baruch, M., Méhes, G., Stavrinidou, E., Berggren, M., Maharbiz, M. M., ... & Ajo-Franklin, C. M. (2018). PEDOT: PSS-based multilayer bacterial-composite films for bioelectronics. Scientific reports, 8(1), 15293.
Metal Ions Influence on Shewanella Oneidensis MR-1 Adhesion to ITO Electrode and Enhancement Current Output
Authors: Alshahrani Aisha , Fitch Alanah , Al-Bazi John 
Published: May 2020

The goal in this study is to enhance the eﬃciency of bacterial extracellular electron transfer (EET) in Shewanella.
oneidensis MR-1 by enhancing adhesion to the electrode. Our results clearly show a major difference in attachment and behavior of S. oneidensis MR-1 for Ca2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Mg2+
compared to the control. The final microbial coverage, as measured by confocal microscopy and cathodic peak charge in cyclic voltammetry (Qpc), increases with increasing metal ion concentrations. We found the cells attached to the electrode increased more with the addition of metal ion concentrations in the following order of metals: Ca2+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Mg2+ compared to the control.
Riboflavin production and glucose consumption mirrored the same order as the electrochemical results.
Bioelectrochemical Microfluidic Platform for Cultivation and Integrated Characterization of Exoelectrogenic Biofilms
Authors: Rehnlund David , Klein Edina , Edel Miriam , Weiler Janek , Lim Guiyeoul , Sturm-Richter Katrin , Gescher Johannes 
Published: May 2020

Microbial cultivation with the aid of microfluidic flow chambers has a great potential to form biofilms on an easy to handle laboratory scale. Our microfluidic cultivation platform with a modular design offers versatility and precision in terms of simulating different environments to study multiple growth conditions1. Thus, a long-term cultivation of biofilms can easily be obtained with the possibility of integrated on-line optical analysis. In this paper we will present our recent development of a bioelectrochemical microfluidic platform that allows cultivation and characterization of exoelectrogenic biofilms under anoxic conditions.
Electroactive biofilms will be cultivated and characterized in the microfluidic bioelectrochemical system focusing on electroactive microorganisms such as Shewanella oneidensis. The conductive intracellular protein chain of these microbes enables extracellular electron transfer (EET) from the cytoplasm through the cell membranes to an insoluble electron acceptor, such as an anode 2. Different deletion strains were cultivated and could be examined and compared with each other by chronoamperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Genetically engineered strains focus on probing key genes that affect the biofilm forming properties of Shewanella oneidensis
3. In-situ fluorescence microscopy studies of biofilm formation and interaction will also be presented based on our modular microfluidic bioelectrochemical platform. We will also present our ongoing research on artificial electroactive biofilms that integrate electrodeposited nanostructures with a biocompatible hydrogel to form an artificial biofilm matrix.
In summary, electroactive biofilm growth under anoxic conditions using an anode as electron sink can be studied using our microfluidic flow technology. Examples of the versatility of the system as well as future outlooks on further biofilm growth conditions will be presented.

References

1. Hansen, S. H. et al. Machine-assisted cultivation and analysis of biofilms. Sci. Rep.
9, 8933 (2019).
2. Richter, K., Schicklberger, M. & Gescher, J. Dissimilatory Reduction of Extracellular Electron Acceptors in Anaerobic Respiration. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 913–921 (2012). doi:10.1128/AEM.06803-11
3. Arinda, T. et al. Addition of Riboflavin-Coupled Magnetic Beads Increases Current Production in Bioelectrochemical Systems via the Increased Formation of Anode-Biofilms. Front. Microbiol.
10, 1–8 (2019).
Biological Fuel Cells
Authors: Safari Tahereh 
Published: May 2020

A biofuel cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy through electro-biochemical reactions. In this type of cell, biocatalysts, which can be both enzymes and microorganisms or cells, are used to generate electrical energy. Biocatalysts are used in biofuel cells in two ways: 1) Biocatalysts can produce the fuel substrates required for fuel cells by biocatalytic reactions or metabolic processes.2) Biocatalysts can participate in the electron transport chain between the fuel substrate and the electrode surface. Accordingly, biofuel cells can be divided into two groups: microbial basic cells and enzymatic basic cells.
This article reviews the enzymatic fuel cell. These topics are reviewed:
1. Function of enzymatic biofuel cells
2. Investigation of methanol / oxygen enzymatic biofuel cell
3. Investigation of surface replacement of apoglucose oxidase on a gold electrode layered with PQQFAD
4. Investigation of bioelectrocatalytic cathodes made of cyt / cox
5. Examination of samples made of biodiesel based on enzymes layered by enzymes
6. Investigation of biofuel cell implants in animals