bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
I Know That I Do Not Know: Nicholas of Cusa’s Augustine
Authors: Dubbelman Samuel J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNicholas of Cusa read Augustine, like he read Dionysius the Areopagite, as teaching that God was best known and encountered in an understanding of one’s own ignorance of ultimate reality (learned ignorance). Cusa’s use of Augustine in Defense of Learned Ignorance, On the Vision of God, and On the Not-Other helps recover the importance of learned ignorance in Augustine’s own writings. This study tracks learned ignorance as an essential mechanism of Augustine’s pursuit of wisdom through his early writings, the Confessions, and the later anti-Pelagian treatises. Learned ignorance functioned as philosophical dialectic in his earliest treatises, a practice of prayer in the Confessions, and as both polemic and apophatic theodicy in his later writings. Augustine’s shifting conceptualization of learned ignorance, in turn, helps recover how Cusa often preached learned ignorance as the humility of faith. Thus, Cusa’s commitment to learned ignorance derived from both the Neoplatonic dilemma of knowing the unknowable and the Augustinian understanding of original sin as pride and redemption as humility.
The relation between social pensions and health among poor older individuals in Colombia: a qualitative study
Authors: Hessel Philipp , López Laura C. , Ordóñez-Monak Ivonne , González-Uribe Catalina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe assessed the relation between social pension benefits and health among poor older individuals in Colombia based on a qualitative case study (N = 51) using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Participants were beneficiaries of the Colombia Mayor social pension programme, recruited through snowball sampling in one rural and one urban area. Participants reported using cash benefits mainly for purchasing essential foods and medicines, as well as for paying for household utilities and satisfying personal needs. Beneficiaries of the programme view the latter as being positively associated with their health as it not only satisfies material needs but also increases their sense of autonomy, emotional wellbeing and also promotes a positive and cheerful attitude. Despite most beneficiaries perceiving the programme as positively associated with their health and wellbeing, results also highlight the importance of the various individual- as well as contextual-level factors in determining the relation between social pensions and health.
Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology recommendations for basic training in paediatric and congenital cardiology 2020
Authors: Heying Ruth , Albert Dimpna C. , Voges Inga , Sendzikaite Skaiste , Sarquella-Brugada Georgia , Pluchinotta Francesca , Brzezinska-Rajszys Grazyna , Stein Joerg I. , Milanesi Ornella ,   Contributors and reviewers of the AEPC council:,   Contributors of the AEPC working groups (current chairs and representative members):
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe recommendations of the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology for basic training in paediatric and congenital cardiology required to be recognised as a paediatric cardiologist by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology are described below. Those wishing to achieve more advanced training in particular areas of paediatric cardiology should consult the training recommendations of the different Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Working Groups available on the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology website (www.aepc.org) and the respective publications 1–6. The development of training requirements is the responsibility of the Educational Committee and the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Council in collaboration with the Working Groups of the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology. Trainees should be exposed to all aspects of general paediatric and congenital cardiology from fetal life to adolescence and adulthood. Centres performing generalised and specialised work in paediatric and congenital cardiology should be committed to deliver postgraduate training. At each training institute, trainers should be appointed to supervise and act as mentors to the trainees. Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology will provide basic teaching courses to supplement the training process.
Anatomic classification of the right aortic arch
Authors: Prabhu Sudesh , Mehra Siddhant , Kasturi Srikanth , Tiwari Rishi , Joshi Abhijit , John Colin , Karl Tom R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe term right aortic arch is used for an aorta that arches over the right bronchus. Right aortic arch was classified into two types by Felson et al, based on branching patterns, with a proposed embryological explanation, and into three types by Shuford et al. Other anatomical variants of right aortic arch were described later, including isolated left brachiocephalic artery and aberrant left brachiocephalic artery. We have classified right aortic arch anatomy into 10 variants, supported by radiological evidence, and with reference to possible embryology. This classification will help in understanding the morphological basis for the formation of different types of right aortic arch and the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in such cases.
YAP–TEAD1 control of cytoskeleton dynamics and intracellular tension guides human pluripotent stem cell mesoderm specification
Authors: Pagliari Stefania , Vinarsky Vladimir , Martino Fabiana , Perestrelo Ana Rubina , Oliver De La Cruz Jorge , Caluori Guido , Vrbsky Jan , Mozetic Pamela , Pompeiano Antonio , Zancla Andrea , Ranjani Sri Ganji , Skladal Petr , Kytyr Dan , Zdráhal Zbyněk , Grassi Gabriele , Sampaolesi Maurilio , Rainer Alberto , Forte Giancarlo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe tight regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics is required for a number of cellular processes, including migration, division and differentiation. YAP–TEAD respond to cell–cell interaction and to substrate mechanics and, among their downstream effects, prompt focal adhesion (FA) gene transcription, thus contributing to FA-cytoskeleton stability. This activity is key to the definition of adult cell mechanical properties and function. Its regulation and role in pluripotent stem cells are poorly understood. Human PSCs display a sustained basal YAP-driven transcriptional activity despite they grow in very dense colonies, indicating these cells are insensitive to contact inhibition. PSC inability to perceive cell–cell interactions can be restored by tampering with Tankyrase enzyme, thus favouring AMOT inhibition of YAP function. YAP–TEAD complex is promptly inactivated when germ layers are specified, and this event is needed to adjust PSC mechanical properties in response to physiological substrate stiffness. By providing evidence that YAP–TEAD1 complex targets key genes encoding for proteins involved in cytoskeleton dynamics, we suggest that substrate mechanics can direct PSC specification by influencing cytoskeleton arrangement and intracellular tension. We propose an aberrant activation of YAP–TEAD1 axis alters PSC potency by inhibiting cytoskeleton dynamics, thus paralyzing the changes in shape requested for the acquisition of the given phenotype.
Low-noise tunable deep-ultraviolet supercontinuum laser
Authors: Smith Callum R. , Moltke Asbjørn , Adamu Abubakar I. , Michieletto Mattia , Bowen Patrick , Moselund Peter M. , Markos Christos , Bang Ole 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe realization of a table-top tunable deep-ultraviolet (UV) laser source with excellent noise properties would significantly benefit the scientific community, particularly within imaging and spectroscopic applications, where source noise has a crucial role. Here we provide a thorough characterization of the pulse-to-pulse relative intensity noise (RIN) of such a deep-UV source based on an argon (Ar)-filled anti-resonant hollow-core (AR HC) fiber. Suitable pump pulses are produced using a compact commercially available laser centered at 1030 nm with a pulse duration of 400 fs, followed by a nonlinear compression stage that generates pulses with 30 fs duration, 24.2 μJ energy at 100 kHz repetition rate and a RIN of < 1%. Pump pulses coupled into the AR HC fiber undergo extreme spectral broadening creating a supercontinuum, leading to efficient energy transfer to a phase-matched resonant dispersive wave (RDW) in the deep-UV spectral region. The center wavelength of the RDW could be tuned between 236 and 377 nm by adjusting the Ar pressure in a 140 mm length of fiber. Under optimal pump conditions the RIN properties were demonstrated to be exceptionally good, with a value as low as 1.9% at ~ 282 nm. The RIN is resolved spectrally for the pump pulses, the generated RDW and the broadband supercontinuum. These results constitute the first broadband RIN characterization of such a deep-UV source and provide a significant step forward towards a stable, compact and tunable laser source for applications in the deep-UV spectral region.
Diagnostic accuracy of “sweeping” method compared to conventional sampling in rapid urease test for Helicobacter pylori detection in atrophic mucosa
Authors: Noh Choong-Kyun , Lee Gil Ho , Park Jin Woong , Roh Jin , Han Jae Ho , Lee Eunyoung , Park Bumhee , Lim Sun Gyo , Shin Sung Jae , Cheong Jae Youn , Kim Jin Hong , Lee Kee Myung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough the rapid urease test (RUT) is a simple method for detecting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, it requires sufficient biopsy samples and its sensitivity varies depending on the site and condition of H. pylori infection. We compared the diagnostic performance of a “sweeping method” for H. pylori detection with the conventional biopsy sampling method in atrophic gastric conditions which can reduce RUT accuracy. This prospective study included 279 patients who underwent upper endoscopy to determine the presence of H. pylori infection. Gastric mucosa of both the antrum and the corpus were swabbed, and we named this method the “sweeping method”. Biopsy sampling for the conventional method, histologic evaluation, and polymerase chain reaction were performed at the same time. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the sweeping method were 0.941, 0.826, and 0.903, respectively, compared to 0.685, 0.859, and 0.742, respectively, for the conventional biopsy method. The area under the receiver operating curve for the sweeping method was 0.884 versus 0.772 for the conventional method (P < 0.001). The sweeping method had a faster detection time than the conventional method. Compared to conventional biopsy sampling, the sweeping method with the RUT provided higher sensitivity and accuracy for the detection of H. pylori, with a faster detection time.
Research progress on applications of calcium derived from marine organisms
Authors: Xu Yangli , Ye Jian , Zhou Deqing , Su Laijin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCalcium is an important mineral that plays an integral role in human health, especially bone health. Marine biological calcium is an abundant resource that is generally accepted and has a complex active structure. This review evaluates research progress on marine biological calcium with regards to its sources, use of calcium supplements, calcium bioavailability, and novel applications of marine calcium. The potential for future development and the use of products incorporating marine biological calcium in biomedical research and the pharmaceutical, health care, and food industries are also reviewed. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive documentation on resource utilization and product development from marine organisms.
Relationship between job burnout and somatic diseases: a network analysis
Authors: von Känel Roland , Princip Mary , Holzgang Sarah A. , Fuchs Walther J. , van Nuffel Marc , Pazhenkottil Aju P. , Spiller Tobias R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractJob burnout, characterized by feelings of exhaustion, cynicism and reduced personal efficacy, has been defined as a risk state for the development of diseases, but its association with somatic diseases is underexplored. Study participants were 5671 respondents (mean age 44.1 years, range 18–70; 38.6% men) to an online survey of job burnout, using a mobile health web application. Respondents provided data on sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms of burnout, measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, depressive symptoms, measured with the Profile of Mood States, and 11 categories of somatic diseases. Adjusting for age, sex, educational level, depressive symptoms, and all disease categories included, network analysis showed a significant association of high exhaustion with “high blood pressure” and a category of “other chronic somatic diseases”. Low personal efficacy showed a significant association with “chronic lung diseases”. In network analysis, clinically relevant depressive symptoms were also significantly associated with “high blood pressure”, “other chronic somatic diseases” and “skin diseases”. Logistic regression analysis confirmed these associations. Burnout dimensions were significantly associated with an increased risk for somatic diseases, independently of sociodemographic factors and clinically relevant depressive symptoms. This relationship seems particularly evident for the exhaustion dimension of job burnout.
Recent Developments in Transition-Metal-Free Functionalization and Derivatization Reactions of Pyridines
Authors: Jiao Lei , Zhou Fei-Yu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPyridine is an important structural motif that is prevalent in natural products, drugs, and materials. Methods that functionalize and derivatize pyridines have gained significant attention. Recently, a large number of transition-metal-free reactions have been developed. In this review, we provide a brief summary of recent advances in transition-metal-free functionalization and derivatization reactions of pyridines, categorized according to their reaction modes.1	Introduction2	Metalated Pyridines as Nucleophiles2.1	Deprotonation2.2	Halogen–Metal exchange3	Activated Pyridines as Electrophiles3.1	Asymmetric 2-Allylation by Chiral Phosphite Catalysis3.2	Activation of Pyridines by a Bifunctional Activating Group3.3	Alkylation of Pyridines by 1,2-Migration3.4	Alkylation of Pyridines by [3+2] Addition3.5	Pyridine Derivatization by Catalytic In Situ Activation Strategies3.6	Reactions via Heterocyclic Phosphonium Salts4	Radical Reactions for Pyridine Functionalization4.1	Pyridine Functionalization through Radical Addition Reactions4.2	Pyridine Functionalization through Radical–Radical Coupling Reactions5	Derivatization of Pyridines through the Formation of Meisenheimer-Type Pyridyl Anions6	Conclusion
Postnatal Brain Growth Patterns in Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia
Authors: van Dijk Tessa , Barth Peter , Baas Frank , Reneman Liesbeth , Poll-The Bwee Tien 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) is a rare group of disorders mainly affecting the cerebellum and pons. Supratentorial structures are variably involved. We assessed brain growth patterns in patients with the most frequent forms of PCH, namely PCH1B (OMIM#614678) and PCH2A (OMIM#277470), since in these types of PCH, pre- and postnatal neurodegeneration is established by neuropathological profiling. To assess the influence of the different pathomechanisms on postnatal growth patterns, we included CASK-associated microcephaly and PCH (MICPCH, OMIM#300749) patients in our analyses, as MICPH mimics PCH on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but represents a developmental disorder including abnormal neuronal migration.
Methods A total of 66 patients were included: 9 patients with PCH1B, 18 patients with PCH2A, 6 patients with MICPCH, and 33 age- and gender-matched hospital-based controls. Segmentation of the vermis and cerebellum was performed manually, as were measurements of the thickness of the head of the caudate nucleus, the width of the anterior horn, and lateral ventricle size.
Results The cerebellum was severely hypoplastic at birth in all patients, and postnatal growth was nearly absent. In patients with PCH1B/2A, we found relative sparing of the vermis compared with the cerebellar hemispheres. In addition, PCH1B and PCH2A cases demonstrated thinning of the head of the caudate nucleus, an associated increase in anterior horn width, and an increase in lateral ventricle size. None of these features were seen in the MICPCH group.
Conclusions Our findings confirm the progressive nature including caudate nucleus atrophy in PCH1B and PCH2A. In MICPCH, the relative sparing of supratentorial structures confirms its different pathomechanism.
Effect of Demographic Factors on Quality of Life in Children with ADHD under Atomoxetine Treatment: 1-Year Follow-up
Authors: Ragab Moustafa M. , Eid Ehab M. , Badr Nahla H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder in children and adolescents. Symptoms of ADHD and its treatment can impact an individual's quality of life (QoL). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of atomoxetine treatment, demographic characteristics, and seasonal variation on QoL in children with a recent diagnosis of ADHD and their parents. The present study included a cohort of 200 children diagnosed with ADHD. In addition to the recruited children, one of their parents was included in the study. ADHD symptoms were assessed using Conners' Parent Rating Scale. QoL of the participants was assessed with the PedsQL, while parents' QoL was evaluated using the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref). There was significant improvement in pediatric and parental QoL after treatment with atomoxetine. Significant factors related to better QoL in the participants included spring season, above average Conner's score, male sex, and rural residence. However, after using multivariate regression analysis, only patients' sex and Conner's score were significant predictors of pediatric QoL at the end of treatment with atomoxetine. Medical treatment significantly improved QoL in children with ADHD and their parents. Level of improvement was affected by patients' sex and ADHD severity.
Evaluation of Safety and Medium-Term Functional Outcomes of a Medial Fixed-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty with Ultra-Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene
Authors: Richards Megan , Dobransky Johanna S. , Jane Alanna A. , Dervin Geoffrey F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo safety of a unicompartmental knee arthroplasty design with sequentially annealed cross-linked polyethylene by evaluating reoperation rate, in particular those related to excessive polyethylene wear or breakage. The secondary objective was to examine functional outcomes via standardized questionnaires. This was a 5-year institutional review board-approved prospective single-surgeon case series of the first 152 consecutive patients with symptomatic medial unicompartmental osteoarthritis implanted with a partial knee replacement between May 2010 and December 2014. Study participants were asked to complete the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthrtis Index (WOMAC) questionnaires at preoperation and 2 to 5 years postoperation. Major complications and all reoperations were recorded and we produced Kaplan–Meier survivorship curves with the end point of revision to TKA. Pre- and postoperative differences for KOOS and WOMAC were evaluated by paired t-tests. The median length of follow-up was 7.2 (0–9.72) years. Seven patients required revision surgery to TKA (4.9% of patients): four with progression of arthritis in other compartments, two for infection, and one for loosening of the femoral component and subsequent progression of pain. There were no failures of polyethylene. Survival of cohort was 99.3 and 97.9% at 2 and 5 years, respectively. Patients significantly improved (p-value < 0.001) between preoperative assessment and at 2 years, with no decline at 5 years postoperation. These preliminary midterm results with this fixed-bearing design and cross-linked polyethylene were encouraging with no catastrophic failures of polyethylene. Patient reported outcomes were significantly improved and revision rates were acceptable and lower than registry reported results.
COVID‐19 lockdown: Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in Italian medicine students
Authors: Luciano Francesco , Cenacchi Valentina , Vegro Valentina , Pavei Gaspare 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 pandemic led many countries to implement lockdown measures. Italy declared lockdown from 9th March to 3rd May 2020, and universities shifted to online classes. Home confinement could prevent students from achieving the physical activity and sleep levels recommended for their psychophysical health, and medicine students are already known to be at risk of inactivity and reduced sleep due to their time‐consuming curricula. This study aimed at describing medicine students’ behaviours during lockdown and comparing them with pre‐lockdown data and current recommendations. A cross‐sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 6th‐year Italian medicine students (n = 714; age=25 ± 2 y; female: 62%; male: 38%) in October–November 2019. The same survey was repeated in 6th‐year students during lockdown (n = 394; age=25 ± 2 y; female: 73%; male: 27%), and extended to 1st–5th year (total 1st–6th‐year sample during lockdown: n = 1471; age=23 ± 2 y; female: 70%; male: 30%). International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ) and selected questions from Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were administered to evaluate physical activity, sitting and sleep time. Decreased physical activity, and increased sitting and sleep time were observed from pre‐ to during lockdown in 6th‐year students (p<0.01). 1st–6th‐year students featured 10 [8–12] hours sitting (median [Q1–Q3]) and an IPAQ score of 1170 [400–2348] MET‐min/week. Even participants with higher physical activity featured high sitting time. Sleeping less than recommended (<7 h/night) was associated with more sitting time and less energies to perform daily activities. Strategies fostering compliance with current guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep should be implemented, especially in case of a repeated or intermittent lockdown.
Method for electromechanical modeling of Johnson noise in Advanced LIGO
Authors: Bonilla Edgard , Giuliani Pablo , Lantz Brian , Buikema Aaron 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We develop a complete framework for modeling general electromechanical systems in the quasi-electrostatic regime. The equations are applicable to a broad range of electrostatic problems and offer the advantage of being theoretically tractable for scaling arguments. Additionally, we show how the formalism can be used together with finite element simulations to obtain estimates for non-stationary effects such as charge accumulation in insulators. As a demonstration, we combined the formalism with measurements from Advanced LIGO to give an updated estimate for the Johnson noise coupling to the gravitational-wave channel. The induced signal was determined to be 10 times lower than the instrument’s design sensitivity in the detection band and scaling as f
−2.