bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong coupling expansion of circular Wilson loops and string theories in AdS5 × S5 and AdS4 × CP3
Authors: Giombi Simone , Tseytlin Arkady A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe revisit the problem of matching the strong coupling expansion of the$$ \frac{1}{2} $$12BPS circular Wilson loops in$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 SYM and ABJM gauge theories with their string theory duals in AdS5× S5and AdS4× CP3, at the first subleading (one-loop) order of the expansion around the minimal surface. We observe that, including the overall factor 1/gsof the inverse string coupling constant, as appropriate for the open string partition function with disk topology, and a universal prefactor proportional to the square root of the string tensionT, both the SYM and ABJM results precisely match the string theory prediction. We provide an explanation of the origin of the$$ \sqrt{T} $$Tprefactor based on special features of the combination of one-loop determinants appearing in the string partition function. The latter also implies a natural generalizationZχ∼ ($$ \sqrt{T}/{g}_{\mathrm{s}} $$T/gs)χto higher genus contributions with the Euler numberχ, which is consistent with the structure of the 1/Ncorrections found on the gauge theory side.
On the impact of non-factorisable corrections in VBF single and double Higgs production
Authors: Dreyer Frédéric A. , Karlberg Alexander , Tancredi Lorenzo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We study the non-factorisable QCD corrections, computed in the eikonal approximation, to Vector-Boson Fusion single and double Higgs production and show the combined factorisable and non-factorisable corrections for both processes at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^2\right) $$
O

α
s
2

. We investigate the validity of the eikonal approximation with and without selection cuts, and carry out an in-depth study of the relative size of the non-factorisable next-to-next-to-leading order corrections compared to the factorisable ones. In the case of single Higgs production, after selection cuts are applied, the non-factorisable corrections are found to be mostly contained within the factorisable scale uncertainty bands. When no cuts are applied, instead, the non-factorisable corrections are slightly outside the scale uncertainty band. Interestingly, for double Higgs production, we find that both before and after applying cuts, non-factorisable corrections are enhanced compared to the single Higgs case. We trace this enhancement to the existence of delicate cancellations between the various leading-order Feynman diagrams, which are partly spoiled by radiative corrections. All contributions studied here have been implemented in proVBFH v1.2.0 and proVBFHH v1.1.0.
Verletzung des vorderen Kreuzbandes beim Erwachsenen
Authors: Kohn L. , Rembeck E. , Rauch A. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDas vordere Kreuzband (VKB) ist gemeinsam mit dem hinteren Kreuzband ein zentraler Stabilisator des Kniegelenkes. Es stabilisiert die Tibia gegen eine vermehrte Translation nach ventral sowie gegen eine vermehrte Innenrotation. Mit einer Inzidenz von 46/100.000 zählen Risse des vorderen Kreuzbandes zu den häufigsten Sportverletzungen in Deutschland. Neue Präventionsprogramme können das Risiko einer Kreuzbandverletzung verringern. Bei jungen und sportlich aktiven Patienten wird die operative Behandlung empfohlen, wodurch auch das Risiko von relevanten Meniskus- und Knorpelverletzungen in der Folge verringert werden kann. Standard der operativen Therapie in Deutschland ist die vordere Kreuzbandersatzbandplastik mittels autologer Sehne. In ausgewählten Fällen zeigt der operative Erhalt des vorderen Kreuzbandes durch arthroskopische Refixation gute Ergebnisse. Anstelle der bisherigen rein zeitbasierten Rehabilitation werden zunehmend funktionsbasierte Kriterien in die Nachbehandlung mit einbezogen.
Barley-sorghum craft beer production with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Metschnikowia pulcherrima yeast strains
Authors: Einfalt Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe use of different yeast strains contributes to obtain insights into beer products with diverse sensory characteristics. In this study, three yeast species of different genera were selected to evaluate their fermentation performance and sensory profile for barley-sorghum beer production. Baley-sorghum wort was produced with 12.5°P and fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Metschnikowia pulcherrima yeast strains. Differences were observed in terms of fermentation time and ability to ferment maltose. S. cerevisiae attenuated initial maltose concentration within 72 h, while M. pulcherrima and T. delbrueckii performed fermentation within 120 and 192 h, respectively. Both yeast strains simultaneously produced 11% and 23% lower ethanol concentrations, compared to S. cerevisiae with 37.9 g/L. Wort fermented with T. delbrueckii showed residual maltose concentration of 19.7 ± 4.1 g/L, resulting in significantly enhanced beer sweetness. S. cerevisiae produced significantly increased levels of higher alcohols, and obtained the highest scores for the sensory attribute body perception. Beer produced with T. delbrueckii contained significantly lower fermentative 2,3-butanediol and 2-methyl-1-butanol volatiles; this beer also showed reduced body perception. Beer conditioned with T. delbrueckii was significantly preferred over M. pulcherrima. Besides S. cerevisiae with high fermentative power, T. delbrueckii and M. pulcherrima were found to have reduced maltose fermenting abilities and provide significantly different sensory attributes to barley-sorghum beers.
Splenic Artery Angioembolization is Associated with Increased Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Lewis M. , Piccinini A. , Benjamin E. , Demetriades D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAngioembolization has become an increasingly utilized adjunct for splenic preservation after trauma. Embolization of the splenic artery may produce a transient systemic hypercoagulable state. This study was designed to determine the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in blunt trauma patients managed nonoperatively with splenic angioembolization, relative to those managed without.MethodRetrospective review of the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Performance (TQIP) Database from 2013 to 2016. Adult (>16 years) patients with isolated, severe (Grades III–V) blunt splenic injuries managed nonoperatively who received pharmacological VTE prophylaxis formed the study population. Outcomes included deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), or any VTE.ResultsA total of 2643 patients met inclusion criteria (69.1% Grade III, 26.5% Grade IV, 4.5% Grade V). The incidence of DVT was 4.5% in patients who underwent angioembolization, compared to 1.4% in patients who did not (p<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that angioembolization was an independent risk factor for both DVT (OR 2.65, p = 0.006) and any VTE (OR 2.04, p = 0.01). Analysis according to splenic injury Grades showed that angioembolization remained an independent risk factor for DVT (p = 0.004) in the Grade IV‐V injury group, and for VTE (p<0.01) in the Grade III injury group. Initiation of pharmacological VTE prophylaxis 48 h after admission was associated with increased VTE rates in comparison to early initiation (OR 1.75, p = 0.02)ConclusionsSplenic artery angioembolization may be an independent risk factor for VTE events in isolated, severe blunt splenic trauma managed nonoperatively. Early prophylaxis with LMWH after intervention should be strongly considered.
Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease After Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yoshikawa Takahiro , Nomi Takeo , Hokuto Daisuke , Kamitani Naoki , Matsuo Yasuko , Sho Masayuki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to clarify the feasibility of liver resection in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsIn all, 204 patients who underwent primary liver resection for HCC between 2011 and 2019 were analyzed. Short‐term and long‐term outcomes were compared between the CKD and control groups. The CKD group was defined by a preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 and chronic kidney disease Stage 3B or higher.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients (13.7%) had CKD. No significant differences were observed in the overall complication rates between the groups (46.4% vs. 34.7% p = 0.229). The incidence of bile leakage was significantly higher in the CKD group than in the control group (14.3% vs. 4.0% p = 0.048), and the median postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in the CKD group (11 vs. 9 days p = 0.031). No significant differences were found in the disease‐free survival between the two groups (p = 0.763), but overall survival (OS) was significantly worse in the CKD group than in the control group (p = 0.022). In the multivariable analysis, a CKD diagnosis (hazard ratio, 2.261; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.139–4.486 p = 0.020) was identified as an independent poor prognostic factor for OS. The percentage of patients who died from cardiovascular disease was significantly higher in the CKD group (27.3% vs. 2.3% p = 0.023).ConclusionsLiver resection for HCC in CKD patients is associated with acceptable perioperative outcomes. However, cardiovascular disease may negatively affect the OS of CKD patients after liver resection.
Increasing cancer risk over calendar year in people with multiple sclerosis: a case–control study
Authors: Zecca Chiara , Disanto Giulio , Sacco Rosaria , MacLachlan Sharon , Kuhle Jens , Ramagopalan Sreeram V. , Gobbi Claudio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Data on cancer prevalence and incidence in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are controversial. This study is aimed at estimating cancer risk in MS patients.

Methods
Nested case–control study using data collected between 01/01/1987 and 28/02/2016 from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Cancer diagnoses after first MS code (index date) was counted in 10,204 MS patients and 39,448 controls matched by sex, age, general practitioner, and registration year. Cancer rates were compared using multivariable Cox regression models. Ethics approval was not required.

Results
Cancer was reported in 433 (4.41%) MS patients and 2014 (5.31%) controls after index date. Cancer risk was associated with gender (HR for female = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81–0.96, p = 0.004), age at index date (HR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.06–1.07, p < 0.001), and index year (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00–1.02, p = 0.016), but not with MS status (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.86–1.05, p = 0.323). A significant interaction between MS status and index year was found (HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.00–1.04, p = 0.022). Cancer risk was positively associated with index year among MS patients (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.05; p = 0.010), but not controls (HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.99–1.02; p = 0.144). MS patients compared to controls had no increased risk for any specific cancer type.

Conclusions
Overall cancer risk was similar in multiple sclerosis patients and matched controls. The frequency of cancer diagnoses has increased over time among MS patients but not in controls.
Mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies: blood perfusion with arterial spin labelling
Authors: Firbank Michael J. , O’Brien John T. , Durcan Rory , Allan Louise M. , Barker Sally , Ciafone Joanna , Donaghy Paul C. , Hamilton Calum A. , Lawley Sarah , Lloyd Jim , Roberts Gemma , Taylor John-Paul , Thomas Alan J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective
To use arterial spin labelling to investigate differences in perfusion in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) compared to Alzheimer type MCI (MCI-AD) and healthy controls.

Methods
We obtained perfusion images on 32 MCI-LB, 30 MCI-AD and 28 healthy subjects of similar age. Perfusion relative to cerebellum was calculated, and we aimed to examine differences in relative perfusion between MCI-LB and the other groups. This included whole brain voxelwise comparisons, as well as using predefined region-of-interest ratios of medial occipital to medial temporal, and posterior cingulate to precuneus. Differences in occipital perfusion in eyes open vs eyes closed conditions were also examined.

Results
Compared to controls, the MCI-LB showed reduced perfusion in the precuneus, parietal, occipital and fusiform gyrus regions. In our predefined regions, the ratio of perfusion in occipital/medial temporal was significantly lower, and the posterior cingulate/precuneus ratio was significantly higher in MCI-LB compared to controls. Overall, the occipital perfusion was greater in the eyes open vs closed condition, but this did not differ between groups.

Conclusion
We found patterns of altered perfusion in MCI-LB which are similar to those seen in dementia with Lewy bodies, with reduction in posterior parietal and occipital regions, but relatively preserved posterior cingulate.
Expression profiles of metallothionein-I/II and megalin/LRP-2 in uterine cervical squamous lesions
Authors: Jakovac Hrvoje , Stašić Nikola , Krašević Maja , Jonjić Nives , Radošević-Stašić Biserka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetallothioneins (MTs) are phylogenetically old cysteine-rich proteins, which are implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Their growth-regulating, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory functions have been attributed not only to intracellular free radical scavenging and to zinc and copper regulation but also to the ability of secreted MT to bind on surface lipoprotein receptor-megalin/LRP2, which enables the endocytosis of MT-I/II and a wide range of other functionally distinct ligands. In the present study, we analysed the expression pattern of both proteins in 55 cases of premalignant transformation of cervical squamous cells, i.e. in low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL and HSIL). The data showed that in LSIL (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN1; N = 25) MTs were present only in basal and parabasal cells and that megalin was only weakly expressed. In HSIL (CIN2; N = 15 and CIN 3/carcinoma in situ; N = 15), however, overexpression and co-localization of MT with megalin were found in the entire hyperplastic epithelium. Moreover, megalin immunoreactivity appeared on the glandular epithelium and vascular endothelium, as well as on lymphatic cells in stroma. Besides, multiple megalin-positive cells expressed phosphorylated Akt1, implying that MT- and/or megalin-dependent prosurvival signal transduction pathways might contribute to the development of severe cervical dysplasia. The data emphasize the diagnostic power of combined MT/megalin analysis in pre-cancer screening.
Uniqueness of minimal projections in smooth expanded matrix spaces
Authors: Kozdęba Michał 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLet us consider the space M(n, m) of all real or complex matrices on n rows and m columns. In 2000 Lesław Skrzypek proved the uniqueness of minimal projection of this space onto its subspace $$M(n,1)+M(1,m)$$

M
(
n
,
1
)
+
M
(
1
,
m
)

which consists of all sums of matrices with constant rows and matrices with constant columns. We generalize this result using some new methods proved by Lewicki and Skrzypek (J Approx Theory 148:71–91, 2007). Let S be a space of all functions from $$X\times Y \times Z$$

X
×
Y
×
Z

into $${\mathbb {R}}$$
R
or $${\mathbb {C}}$$
C
, where X, Y, Z are finite sets. It could be interpreted as a space of three-dimensional matrices M(n, m, r). Let T be a subspace of S consisting of all sums of functions which depend on one variable. Let S be equipped with a smooth norm $$\Vert .\Vert $$

‖
.
‖

. We show that there exists the unique minimal projection of S onto its subspace T.
Evolving behaviour trees for supervisory control of robot swarms
Authors: Hogg Elliott , Hauert Sabine , Harvey David , Richards Arthur 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSupervisory control of swarms is essential to their deployment in real-world scenarios to both monitor their operation and provide guidance. We explore mechanisms by which humans can provide supervisory control to swarms to improve their performance. Rather than have humans guess the correct form of supervisory control, we use artificial evolution to learn effective human-readable strategies. Behaviour trees are applied to represent human-readable decision strategies which are produced through evolution. These strategies can be thoroughly tested and can provide knowledge to be used in the future in a variety of scenarios. A simulated set of scenarios are investigated where a swarm of robots have to explore varying environments and reach sets of objectives. Effective supervisory control strategies are evolved to explore each environment using different local swarm behaviours. The evolved behaviour trees are examined in detail alongside swarm simulations to enable clear understanding of the supervisory strategies. We conclude by identifying the strengths in accelerated testing and the benefits of this approach for scenario exploration and training of human operators.
Displacement of surrounding rock in a deep circular hole considering double moduli and strength-stiffness degradation
Authors: Zhao Zenghui , Sun Wei , Chen Shaojie , Feng Yuanhui , Wang Weiming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe problem of cavity stability widely exists in deep underground engineering and energy exploitation. First, the stress field of the surrounding rock under the uniform stress field is deduced based on a post-peak strength drop model considering the rock’s characteristics of constant modulus and double moduli. Then, the orthogonal non-associative flow rule is used to establish the displacement of the surrounding rock under constant modulus and double moduli, respectively, considering the stiffness degradation and dilatancy effects in the plastic region and assuming that the elastic strain in the plastic region satisfies the elastic constitutive relationship. Finally, the evolution of the displacement in the surrounding rock is analyzed under the effects of the double moduli characteristics, the strength drop, the stiffness degradation, and the dilatancy. The results show that the displacement solutions of the surrounding rock under constant modulus and double moduli have a unified expression. The coefficients of the expression are related to the stress field of the original rock, the elastic constant of the surrounding rock, the strength parameters, and the dilatancy angle. The strength drop, the stiffness degradation, and the dilatancy effects all have effects on the displacement. The effects can be characterized by quantitative relationships.
Pupillary Responses Obey Emmert’s Law and Co-vary with Autistic Traits
Authors: Tortelli Chiara , Turi Marco , Burr David C. , Binda Paola 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe measured the pupil response to a light stimulus subject to a size illusion and found that stimuli perceived as larger evoke a stronger pupillary response. The size illusion depends on combining retinal signals with contextual 3D information; contextual processing is thought to vary across individuals, being weaker in individuals with stronger autistic traits. Consistent with this theory, autistic traits correlated negatively with the magnitude of pupil modulations in our sample of neurotypical adults; however, psychophysical measurements of the illusion did not correlate with autistic traits, or with the pupil modulations. This shows that pupillometry provides an accurate objective index of complex perceptual processes, particularly useful for quantifying interindividual differences, and potentially more informative than standard psychophysical measures.
Tuning the electronic properties of C12A7 via Sn doping and encapsulation
Authors: Kuganathan Navaratnarajah , Chroneos Alexander 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCation doping in electride materials has been recently considered as a viable engineering strategy to enhance the electron concentration. Here we apply density functional theory-based energy minimisation techniques to investigate the thermodynamical stability and the electronic structures of Sn-doped and Sn-encapsulated in stoichiometric and electride forms of C12A7. The present calculations reveal that encapsulation is exoergic and doping is endoergic. The electride form is more energetically favourable than the stoichiometric form for both encapsulation and doping. Encapsulation in the electride results a significant electron transfer (1.52 |e|) from the cages consisting of extra-framework electrons to the Sn atom. The Sn forms almost + 4 state in the doped configuration in the stoichiometric form as reported for the electride form in the experiment. Similar charge state for the Sn is expected for the electride form though the extra-framework electrons localised on the Sn. Resultant complexes of both forms are magnetic. Whilst significant Fermi energy shift is noted for the doping in C12A7:O2− (by 1.60 eV) towards the conduction band, there is a very small shift (0.04 eV) is observed in C12A7:e−. Future experimental study on the encapsulation of Sn in both forms of C12A7 and doping of Sn in the stoichiometric form can use this information to interpret their experimental data.
Preserving surface area and porosity during fabrication of silicon aerocrystal particles from anodized wafers
Authors: Storey C. J. , Nekovic E. , Kaplan A. , Theis W. , Canham L. T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPorous silicon layers on wafers are commonly converted into particles by mechanical milling or ultrasonic fragmentation. The former technique can rapidly generate large batches of microparticles. The latter technique is commonly used for making nanoparticles but processing times are very long and yields, where reported, are often very low. With both processing techniques, the porosity and surface area of the particles generated are often assumed to be similar to those of the parent film. We demonstrate that this is rarely the case, using air-dried high porosity and supercritically dried aerocrystals as examples. We show that whereas ball milling can more quickly generate much higher yields of particles, it is much more damaging to the nanostructures than ultrasonic fragmentation. The latter technique is particularly promising for silicon aerocrystals since processing times are reduced whilst yields are simultaneously raised with ultrahigh porosity structures. Not only that, but very high surface areas (> 500 m2/g) can be completely preserved with ultrasonic fragmentation.