bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusually deep earthquakes in the central Sierra Nevada (California, USA): Foundering ultramafic lithosphere?
Authors: Ryan Jamie , Frassetto Andrew M. , Hurd Owen , Jones Craig H. , Unruh Jeffrey , Zandt George , Gilbert Hersh , Owens Thomas J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing a network of temporarily deployed broadband seismometers, we characterize an unusual region of crustal earthquakes in the west-central Sierra Nevada, California (USA). We locate 131 earthquakes, which occurred from 3.1 to 47.1 km deep during June 2005 to May 2006. We detect more events, at greater depths, than are present in the Northern California Seismic Network catalog during this period. Most of the events occur at depths of 20–35 km and cluster into two distinct groups. In addition, some of the events appear to be repeating due to the similarity of their waveforms and locations. We calculate focal mechanisms for 52 of these events, and about half exhibit reverse faulting, which represents a state of horizontal compressional stress that is distinct from the regional stress field. From first arrivals, we calculate a one-dimensional model of crustal P-wavespeeds, which resolves a gradational increase from 5.8 km/s near the surface to 6.7 km/s at 35 km depth. The events overlie a significant variation in the character of the Moho, and two long-period events occur near the seismically imaged Moho at nearly 40 km depth. We suggest that these earthquakes could be the seismogenic response of the crust to active foundering of mafic-ultramafic lithosphere and resultant asthenospheric upwelling beneath the central Sierra Nevada.
Higher oxygen saturation with hydroxyurea in paediatric sickle cell disease
Authors: van Geyzel Lisa , Arigliani Michele , Inusa Baba , Singh Bethany , Kozlowska Wanda , Chakravorty Subarna , Bossley Cara J , Ruiz Gary , Rees David , Gupta Atul 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionSickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common inherited diseases worldwide. It is associated with lifelong morbidity and reduced life expectancy. Hydroxyurea (HU) has been shown to reduce the frequency and severity of vaso-occlusive episodes in SCD. Hypoxaemia and intermittent nocturnal oxygen desaturations occur frequently in children with SCD and contribute to the associated morbidity, including risk of cerebrovascular disease.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of HU on oxygen saturation (SpO2) overnight and on daytime SpO2 spot checks in children with SCD.MethodsA retrospective review of children with SCD and respiratory problems who attended two UK tertiary sickle respiratory clinics and were treated with HU. Longitudinal data were collected from 2 years prior and up to 3 years after the commencement of HU.ResultsForty-three children, 23 males (53%) with a median age of 9 (range 1.8–18) years were included. In the 21 children who had comparable sleep studies before and after starting HU, mean SpO2 was higher (95.2% from 93.5%, p=0.01) and nadir SpO2 was higher (87.2% from 84.3%, p=0.009) when taking HU. In 32 of the children, spot daytime oxygen saturations were also higher (96.3% from 93.5%, p=0.001).ConclusionChildren with SCD had higher oxygen saturation overnight and on daytime spot checks after starting HU. These data suggest HU may be helpful for treating persistent hypoxaemia in children with SCD pending more evidence from a randomised clinical trial.
Long-term functional outcomes of different subtypes of primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Chaudhary Richard Sher , Gupta Amisha , Sharma Ajay , Gupta Shikha , Sofi Rayees Ahmad , Sundar Dheepak , Sihota Ramanjit , Somarajan Bindu I , Singh Abhishek , Sangwan Rahul , Gupta Viney 
Published: December 2019

Aim
To analyse long-term visual outcomes across different subtypes of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).

Methods
Patients with PCG with a minimum of 5-year follow-up post surgery were included in the study. Snellen visual acuity recordings taken at their last follow-up were analysed. We evaluated the results using Kaplan-Meier curves to predict the probability of maintaining good vision (as defined by a visual acuity of 6/18 or better) in our patients after 30-year follow-up. The results were also analysed to determine whether there were any differences in the long-term visual acuities with time between the neonatal and infantile PCG. We also analysed the reasons for poor visual outcomes.

Results
We assessed a cohort of 140 patients with PCG (235 eyes) with an average follow-up of 127±62.8 months (range 60–400 months). Overall, the proportion of eyes with good visual acuity was 89 (37.9%), those with fair visual acuity between 6/60 and 6/18 was 41 (17.4%), and those with poor visual acuity (≤6/60) was 105 (44.7%). We found a significant difference (p=0.047) between neonatal and infantile patients with PCG whereby the neonatal cohort fared worse off in terms of visual morbidity. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, the cumulative probability of survival of a visual acuity of 6/18 or better was more among the infantile PCG in comparison to the neonatal PCG (p=0.039) eyes, and more among the bilateral than the unilateral affected eyes (p=0.029). Amblyopia was the most important cause for poor visual acuity as shown on a Cox proportional-hazards regression model.

Conclusions
Long-term visual outcomes of infantile are better than neonatal PCG. Eyes with unilateral have worse visual outcomes compared with those with bilateral PCG because of the development of dense amblyopia.
Dry cupping in the treatment of individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain: a protocol for a placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind study
Authors: Silva Hugo Jário de Almeida , Saragiotto Bruno T , Silva Rodrigo Scattone , Lins Caio Alano de Almeida , de Souza Marcelo Cardoso 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundLow back pain is a very prevalent condition in the population and cupping therapy has been presented as a frequently used non-pharmacological treatment in this population. However, there is a lack of well-designed studies that evaluate the effects of this technique. This protocol describes a placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind study that aims to evaluate the effect of dry cupping therapy on pain, physical function, trunk range of motion, quality of life and psychological symptoms in individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain.Methods and analysisNinety individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain, aged from 18 to 59 years, will be randomised into two groups: intervention group, which will be submitted to dry cupping therapy application with two suctions; and placebo group which will undergo placebo dry cupping therapy. Both applications will occur bilaterally in parallel to the vertebrae from L1 to L5. The application will be performed once a week for 8 weeks. The volunteers will be evaluated before the treatment (T0), immediately after the first intervention (T1), after 4 weeks of intervention (T4) and after 8 weeks of intervention (T8). The primary outcome will be pain intensity, and secondary outcomes will be physical function, lumbar range of motion, patient expectation, overall perception of effect, quality of life and psychological factors.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of FACISA/UFRN (number: 3639814). The results of the study will be disseminated to participants through social networks and will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT03909672.
Effectiveness and acceptability of cognitive–behavioural therapy based interventions for maternal peripartum depression: a systematic review, meta-analysis and thematic synthesis protocol
Authors: Pettman Danelle , O'Mahen Heather , Skoog Svanberg Agneta , von Essen Louise , Axfors Cathrine , Blomberg Oscar , Woodford Joanne 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionPeripartum depression is a common mental health difficulty associated with a range of negative impacts for the mother, infant and wider family. This review will examine the effectiveness of cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) based interventions for peripartum depression. Secondary aims are to explore the effect of CBT-based interventions targeted at peripartum depression on novel secondary outcomes and moderators potentially associated with effectiveness. To date, there has been little examination of effect on important secondary outcomes (eg, anxiety, stress and parenting), nor clinical and methodological moderators. Further, this review aims to explore the acceptability of CBT-based interventions for women with peripartum depression and examine important adaptations for this population.Methods and analysisElectronic databases (e.g., MEDLINE; ISI Web of Science; CINAHL; CENTRAL; Prospero; EMBASE; ASSIA; PsychINFO; SCOPUS; And Swemed+) will be systematically searched. Database searches will be supplemented by expert contact, reference and citation checking, and grey literature. Primary outcomes of interest will be validated measures of symptoms of depression. A proposed meta-analysis will examine: (1) the overall effectiveness of psychological interventions in improving symptoms of depression (both self-reported and diagnosed major depression) in the peripartum period; (2) the impact of interventions on secondary outcomes (eg, anxiety, stress and parenting); (3) clinical and methodological moderators associated with effectiveness. A thematic synthesis will be conducted on qualitative data exploring the acceptability of CBT-based intervention for postpartum depression including participants’ experience and perspectives of the interventions, satisfaction, barriers and facilitators to intervention use, intervention relevance to mothers’ situations and suggestions for improvements to tailor interventions to the peripartum client group.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required by the National Ethical Review Board in Sweden as primary data will not be collected. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and inform the development of a new psychological intervention for peripartum depression. This study including protocol development will run from March 2019 to March 2020.
Comparison of the effects of static stretching on range of motion and jump height between quadriceps, hamstrings and triceps surae in collegiate basketball players
Authors: Takeuchi Kosuke , Tsukuda Fumiko 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of static stretching (SS) on the range of motion and vertical jump height between the quadriceps, hamstrings and triceps surae in collegiate basketball players.MethodsFourteen male collegiate basketball players (20.2±0.7 years, 179.0±5.0 cm, 71.9±8.3 kg) underwent 5 min of SS for the quadriceps, hamstrings and triceps surae, in random order. Before and after each stretch, the range of motion (ROM) and vertical jump height were measured.ResultsROM of the quadriceps, hamstrings and triceps surae were increased without any difference of relative change in the range. The vertical jump height showed no change after SS of the quadriceps and hamstrings, while it decreased after SS of the triceps surae (p<0.05).ConclusionThese results suggested that SS for the triceps surae may have a large impact on jump performance.
Sexually transmitted infection testing awareness, uptake and diagnosis among urban refugee and displaced youth living in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Logie Carmen Helen , Okumu Moses , Mwima Simon , Kyambadde Peter , Hakiza Robert , Kibathi Irungu Peter , Kironde Emmanuel 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundSexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention needs among urban refugee and displaced youth are understudied. The study objective was to explore factors associated with the STI prevention cascade (STI services awareness, testing, diagnosis) among urban refugee and displaced youth in Kampala, Uganda.MethodsWe implemented a cross-sectional survey with youth aged 16–24 years in informal settlements in Kampala. We conducted bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify social ecological (intrapersonal, interpersonal, community) level factors associated with STI testing services awareness, lifetime STI testing, and lifetime STI diagnosis.ResultsParticipants (n=445; mean age 19.3, SD 2.6, years) included young women (n=333, 74.8%) and young men (n=112, 25.2%). Less than half (43.8%) were aware of community STI services. One-quarter (26.1%) reported lifetime STI testing. Of these, 39.5% reported a lifetime STI diagnosis. In multivariable analyses among young women, age, lifetime sex partners, and lower adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH)-related stigma were associated with STI services awareness; and age, lower adolescent SRH-related stigma, and food security were associated with STI testing. Among young men, time in Uganda and lower HIV-related stigma were associated with STI services awareness; and age, condom self-efficacy, and increased adolescent SRH-related stigma were associated with testing. Lifetime sex partners, lower condom self-efficacy, and lower adolescent SRH-related stigma were associated with lifetime STI diagnosis.ConclusionsSocial ecological factors including stigma (adolescent SRH-related, HIV-related) were associated with STI testing and diagnosis among young urban refugees. Gender, age and stigma-tailored strategies can advance the STI prevention cascade among urban young refugees.
Assessing vulnerability to panic: a systematic review of psychological and physiological responses to biological challenges as prospective predictors of panic attacks and panic disorder
Authors: Robinaugh Donald J , Ward Meredith J , Toner Emma R , Brown Mackenzie L , Losiewicz Olivia M , Bui Eric , Orr Scott P 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundCognitive–behavioural theories of panic disorder posit that panic attacks arise from a positive feedback loop between arousal-related bodily sensations and perceived threat. In a recently developed computational model formalising these theories of panic attacks, it was observed that the response to a simulated perturbation to arousal provided a strong indicator of vulnerability to panic attacks and panic disorder. In this review, we evaluate whether this observation is borne out in the empirical literature that has examined responses to biological challenge (eg, CO2inhalation) and their relation to subsequent panic attacks and panic disorder.MethodWe searched PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO using keywords denoting provocation agents (eg, sodium lactate) and procedures (eg, infusion) combined with keywords relevant to panic disorder (eg, panic). Articles were eligible if they used response to a biological challenge paradigm to prospectively predict panic attacks or panic disorder.ResultsWe identified four eligible studies. Pooled effect sizes suggest that there is biological challenge response has a moderate prospective association with subsequent panic attacks, but no prospective relationship with panic disorder.ConclusionsThese findings provide support for the prediction derived from cognitive–behavioural theories and some preliminary evidence that response to a biological challenge may have clinical utility as a marker of vulnerability to panic attacks pending further research and development.Trial registration number135908.
Experiences with counselling to people who wish to be able to self-determine the timing and manner of one’s own end of life: a qualitative in-depth interview study
Authors: Hagens Martijn , Snijdewind Marianne C , Evenblij Kirsten , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje D , Pasman H Roeline W 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundIn the Netherlands, Foundation De Einder offers counselling to people who wish to be able to self-determine the timing and manner of their end of life.AimThis study explores the experiences with counselling that counselees receive(d) from counsellors facilitated by Foundation De Einder.MethodsOpen coding and inductive analysis of in-depth interviews with 17 counselees.ResultsCounselling ranged from solely receiving information about lethal medication to combining this with psychological counselling about matters of life and death, and the effects for close ones. Counselees appreciated the availability of the counsellor, their careful and open attitude, feeling respected and being reminded about their own responsibility. Some counselees felt dependent on the counsellor, or questioned their competency. Most counselees collected lethal medication. This gave them peace of mind and increased their quality of life, but also led to new concerns. Few were inclined to use their self-collected medication. Counselling contributed to thinking about if, when and how counselees would like to end their life.ConclusionHaving obtained means to end their lives can offer people feelings of reassurance, which can increase their quality of life, but can also give rise to new concerns. Next to providing information on (collecting) lethal medication, counsellors can play an important role by having an open non-judgemental attitude, providing trustworthy information and being available. These positively valued aspects of counselling are also relevant for physicians taking care of patients who wish to self-determine the timing and manner of their end of life.
Ependymoma arising from the third ventricle mimicking optic neuritis in a dog
Authors: Crawford Abbe Harper , Spiro Simon , Smith Kenneth C , Beltran Elsa 
Published: December 2019

Neurological examination of a 4.5‐year‐old female neutered labrador retriever was consistent with a lesion in the subcortical visual pathway (mainly affecting the left retina or optic nerve, and less likely the optic chiasm or right optic tract). Ophthalmic examination was unremarkable. MRI revealed enlargement of the left optic nerve and optic chiasm. A presumptive diagnosis of immune‐mediated optic neuritis was made and immunosuppressive therapy was commenced. The dog re‐presented 14 days later due to progressive deterioration and generalised seizure activity, and was euthanased. Postmortem examination revealed an anaplastic ependymoma extending from the rostral thalamus along the left optic nerve. Ependymoma can therefore mimic an optic neuropathy, such as immune‐mediated optic neuritis, and should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
Oxygen vacancies-contained SnO2 nanotubes with enhanced ethanol gas sensing properties
Authors: Chen Yifan , Ma Xiuling , Li Chen , Wu Qiuyu , Wang Yongbo , Huang Menjun , Liu Bitao , Li Lu 
Published: December 2019

[Formula: see text] porous nanotubes containing oxygen vacancies were prepared by electron spinning and H plasma treatment. The morphology and crystal structure of the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The ethanol-sensing properties of the [Formula: see text] sensor were tested. The results show that the samples treated with H plasma for 20 min have the best performance. Its working temperature is [Formula: see text]C lower than [Formula: see text]C of the original sample, with a sensitivity of 17 at 100 ppm, which is seven times higher than the original sample. It also shows good selectivity to some common interfering gases. This enhancement can be ascribed to the introduced oxygen vacancy. This work provides an efficient way to design high-performance gas sensor materials.
Facile Synthesis of Ni–Mn Layered Double Hydroxide Nanopetals on 3D Reduced Graphene Oxide/Ni Foam for High-Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Tang Qi , Ye Menghan , Ma Li , Zhou Tao , Gan Mengyu , Yan Fabing 
Published: December 2019

In this work, the Ni–Mn layered double hydroxide (Ni–Mn LDH) nanopetals are fabricated on three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide/Ni foam (RGO/NF) by one-step hydrothermal method, in which the suspension of graphene oxide (GO) is directly reduced by nickel foam (NF) to obtain NF/RGO. The composite, which consists of interconnected Ni–Mn LDH nanopetals, forms a macroporous structure. Such an open space can promote electrolyte dispersion and ion diffusion of active substances, thus enhancing capacitance performance. Remarkable, during crystal growth, RGO can not only provide active sites for Ni–Mn LDH nanopetals, but also effectively connect Ni–Mn LDH nanopetals to NF, further promoting the electrochemical behavior of composite material. Moreover, RGO possess reasonable chemical stability which can improve the mechanical properties of the composite to obtain good stability. The experimental results show that the NF/RGO electrode material with Ni–Mn LDH nanopetals has excellent specific capacitance of 2250[Formula: see text]F[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] at 1[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text], good rate performance (the capacitance retention rate is still 64.0% at 10[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] and excellent cycle life (45.1% at 10[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] after 5000 cycles). NR/NM–LDH is used as the positive electrode and activated carbon is used as the negative electrode to assemble the asymmetric supercapacitor, the proper power density and energy density indicates that the NR/NM–LDH composite has great potential as an electrode material for supercapacitors.
Distal colonic transit is linked to gut microbiota diversity and microbial fermentation in humans with slow colonic transit
Authors: Müller Mattea , Hermes Gerben D. A. , Canfora Emanuel E. , Smidt Hauke , Masclee Ad A. M. , Zoetendal Erwin G. , Blaak Ellen E. 
Published: December 2019

Longer colonic transit time and hard stools are associated with increased gut microbiota diversity. Here, we investigate to what extent quantitative measures of (segmental) colonic transit time were related to gut microbiota composition, microbial metabolites, and gut-related parameters in a human cross-sectional study. Using radiopaque markers, (segmental) colonic transit time (CTT) was measured in 48 lean/overweight participants with long colonic transit but without constipation. Fecal microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Associations between gastrointestinal transit (segmental CTT and stool frequency and consistency), microbiota diversity and composition, microbial metabolites [short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched-chain fatty acids, and breath hydrogen], habitual diet, and gut-related host parameters [lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and fecal calprotectin] were investigated using univariate and multivariate approaches. Long descending (i.e., distal) colonic transit was associated with increased microbial α-diversity but not with stool consistency. Using unweighted and weighted UniFrac distance, microbiota variation was not related to (segmental) CTT but to demographics, diet, plasma LBP, and fecal calprotectin. Bray–Curtis dissimilarity related only to stool consistency. Rectosigmoid and descending colonic transit were negatively associated with fecal SCFA and plasma acetate, respectively. This study suggests that the distal colon transit may affect not only microbiota diversity but also microbial metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We extend previous findings showing that long distal colonic transit time influences microbial diversification and fermentation, whereas stool consistency is related to microbiota composition in humans with a long colonic transit. This study puts the importance of the (distal) colonic site in microbiota ecology forward, which should be considered in future therapeutic studies targeting, for instance, short-chain fatty acid production to improve metabolic health.