bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory B cells with IL‐35 and IL‐10 expression in a normal and abortion‐prone murine pregnancy model
Authors: Slawek Anna , Lorek Daria , Kedzierska Anna Ewa , Chelmonska‐Soyta Anna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProblemInterleukin 35 is a relatively newly discovered cytokine that is produced by regulatory B cells (Bregs) and contributes to their suppressive function, which may contribute to fetal tolerance development and pregnancy maintenance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Bregs and expression of IL‐35 and IL‐10 in these cells in a normal and abortion‐prone murine pregnancy model.Methods of studyThe frequency of Bregs and expression level of IL‐35 and IL‐10 in these cells were measured in peripheral blood, uterine draining lymph nodes, uterus, and decidua using flow cytometry. The analysis was performed on days 3 and 14 of pregnancy in normal mice (CBA/JxBALB/c) and abortion‐prone (CBA/JxDBA/2J) murine pregnancy model.ResultsA decreased percentage of Breg cells expressing IL‐35 on day 3 of pregnancy in the uterine draining lymph nodes and in peripheral blood in mice from the abortion group compared with the normal pregnancy group was observed. A similar decrease was also observed in the Breg cells population producing IL‐10 in peripheral blood. In the uterus (3 dpc) and decidua (14 dpc), a lower percentage of CD19+IL‐35+ was also noted in the abortion‐prone model.ConclusionWe indicated that the early stages of abortion‐prone pregnancy (3 dpc) in mice were characterized by diminished frequency of B cells producing IL‐35 at both local and peripheral levels. These results and the observed lower level of IL‐35 in women suffering from recurrent spontaneous abortion suggest that IL‐35 may be involved in the maintenance of pregnancy.
Resilience and workplace stress in Australian and New Zealand obstetrics and gynaecology trainees: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Ryder Rebecca , Kearney Lauren , Kynn Mary , Weaver Edward 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundObstetrics and gynaecology training is a demanding vocation; there is a paucity of data on trainee resilience and well‐being in this field.AimTo investigate resilience, support and perceived levels of stress and burnout in Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) trainees.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of RANZCOG trainees in Australia and New Zealand (n = 638) was distributed electronically in May 2018.ResultsTwo‐hundred and thirty‐one (36%) valid responses were received. The mean resilience score was moderate (mean = 77; SD = 11). Resilience was significantly associated with general health (F = 7.5, P = 0.007), depression in the last two weeks (F = 4.4, P = 0.013) and seriously considering leaving the program at some point (F = 15.4, P < 0.001). Most participants (204; 88%) stated improvements could be made to the level of trainee support; with over half identifying the support they received from RANZCOG to be low or very low (132; 57%). One‐third of participants (76; 33%) rated the support from their direct supervisor as low to very low. Over half of all participants identified high to very high responses to: burnout (127; 55%); personal stress (134; 58%); workplace stress (143; 62%) and depression (103; 45%).ConclusionRANZCOG trainees exhibit moderate resilience levels, yet they report high levels of perceived stress, depression and burnout and low‐level support from direct supervisors. This may highlight the need for enhanced support and working conditions to allow trainees to remain resilient and thrive in their careers.
Infant neurobehavioural consequences of prenatal cigarette exposure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Froggatt Suzanne , Covey Judith , Reissland Nadja 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimPrenatal exposure to cigarettes leads to alterations in brain development during pregnancy. This has an impact on postnatal psychological and behavioural processes, affecting an infant's neurobehavioural profile with little known about which aspects are affected. The evidence was synthesised to assess the effects of prenatal cigarette smoke exposure on neurobehavioural outcomes within the first year of life.MethodsSix databases were searched (Web of Science Core Collections, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EBSCOhost eBook Collection and OpenGrey) in November 2018. Eligible studies (n = 17) had to include a measure of prenatal cigarette exposure and a neurobehavioural assessment ≤1 year of age.ResultsIn the first year of life, specific areas of neurobehavioural functioning are related to prenatal cigarette exposure with eight out of 10 areas of neurobehaviour having significant medium (negative affect, attention, excitability, irritability and orientation) or small (muscle tone, regulation and difficult temperament) pooled effect sizes. Only lethargy and stress did not show any significant pooled effects.ConclusionPrenatal cigarette exposure affects a significant range of behaviours during the first year of life.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: mortality in acute severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Dong Catherine , Metzger Marie , Holsbø Einar , Perduca Vittorio , Carbonnel Franck 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBackgroundAcute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a life‐threatening condition. Mortality in ASUC decreased in published series but there is uncertainty as to whether this also applies to the real‐life setting.AimTo perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of mortality in ASUC in studies from referral centres and in population‐based studies, separately and combined. A second aim was to identify risk factors of mortality in ASUC.MethodsWe searched pubmed and embase from 1998 to 2016, to identify studies that reported 3‐month or 12‐month mortalities of acute UC in adult patients treated in referral centres, and in population‐based studies.ResultsSix population‐based studies with 741 743 patients and 47 referral centre‐based studies with 2556 patients were included. The pooled 3‐month and 12‐month mortalities were respectively 0.84% and 1.01%. Advanced age was significantly associated with both 3 month and 12 month mortalities (OR = 1.15 per year, 95% CI: 1.10‐1.20 and OR = 1.19 per year, 95% CI: 1.15‐1.23 respectively). The pooled 3‐month and 12‐month mortalities were 0.78% and 0.85% in studies with median age of less than 50 and 2.81% and 4.17% in studies with median age of 50 or more, respectively. After adjustment for age, 3‐month and 12‐month mortalities did not differ between population‐based and referral centre‐based studies.ConclusionsMortality in acute severe ulcerative colitis is approximately 1%; it is higher in older patients. Efforts should be made to improve the care of elderly patients with severe UC.
Daratumumab in high‐risk relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients: adverse effect of chromosome 1q21 gain/amplification and GEP70 status on outcome
Authors: Mohan Meera , Weinhold Niels , Schinke Carolina , Thanedrarajan Sharmilan , Rasche Leo , Sawyer Jeffrey R. , Tian Erming , van Rhee Frits , Zangari Maurizio 
Published: December 2019

SummaryGain of chromosome 1q21 and the gene expression‐based GEP70 risk score are established prognostic markers for newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients. Here we addressed the prognostic impact of these two markers in 81 relapsed/refractory (RR) MM patients treated with the CD38‐antibody daratumumab. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for 1q21 was performed at initial presentation, while the GEP70 score was determined at initial presentation and prior to daratumumab treatment. While the GEP70 at initial presentation showed a trend for inferior survival, the GEP70 collected prior to daratumumab treatment was significantly associated with poor outcome (P < 0·05). The worst outcome was seen for patients who were positive for gain(1q) and classified as GEP70 high risk prior to daratumumab [progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of 0·3 years (95% CI: 0·15–1·4 years) and 0·8 years (95% CI: 0·5–1·9 years) respectively], while the median PFS and OS were not reached by patients without gain(1q) and GEP70 low‐risk status. In conclusion, gain(1q) and the GEP70 are powerful prognostic markers for RR MM patients treated with daratumumab, and patients classified as high risk according to these markers experience shorter treatment response.
Sertraline/ICG‐loaded liposome for dual‐modality imaging and effective chemo‐photothermal combination therapy against metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Lei Yuting , Zeng Li , Xie Shuqing , Fan Kui , Yu Yuan , Chen Jianwei , Zhang Siliang , Wang Zhigang , Zhong Ling 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA large number of chemotherapeutic drugs, utilized in the treatment of advanced metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma, are typically prone to poor biocompatibility, lack of targeting specificity, and high toxicity, which mostly leads to unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. As a new drug delivery pathway, nanoliposomes have the advantages of simplifying metabolism, reducing drug side‐effects, and providing specific targeting, which can potentially improve the therapeutic effect toward tumor therapy. In this study, a clinically integrated nanoliposome containing Sertraline Hydrochloride and indocyanine green (ICG), here named as Ser/ICG@Lip, was successfully synthesized by film‐dispersion and hydration–sonication methods. The photoacoustic imaging and near‐infrared fluorescence imaging capabilities of this novel nanoliposome were validated in vitro. The high encapsulation rate of Sertraline Hydrochloride and ICG ensured the safety and therapeutic efficacy of the particle. Moreover, our results suggest that chemo‐photothermal combination therapy can be more effective than single photothermal or chemotherapy treatments against malignant tumor cells. This is the first study introducing Sertraline Hydrochloride as a liposome‐encapsulated chemotherapeutic agent, containing photothermal capabilities, for the treatment of metastatic renal clear cell cancer cells. This novel drug system has potential to evolve into an alternate treatment method for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Time Points: A Gestural Study of the Development of Space–Time Mappings
Authors: Burns Patrick , McCormack Teresa , Jaroslawska Agnieszka J. , O'Connor Patrick A. , Caruso Eugene M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHuman languages typically employ a variety of spatial metaphors for time (e.g., “I'm looking forward to the weekend”). The metaphorical grounding of time in space is also evident in gesture. The gestures that are performed when talking about time bolster the view that people sometimes think about regions of time as if they were locations in space. However, almost nothing is known about the development of metaphorical gestures for time, despite keen interest in the origins of space–time metaphors. In this study, we examined the gestures that English‐speaking 6‐to‐7‐year‐olds, 9‐to‐11‐year‐olds, 13‐to‐15‐year‐olds, and adults produced when talking about time. Participants were asked to explain the difference between pairs of temporal adverbs (e.g., “tomorrow” versus “yesterday”) and to use their hands while doing so. There was a gradual increase across age groups in the propensity to produce spatial metaphorical gestures when talking about time. However, even a substantial majority of 6‐to‐7‐year‐old children produced a spatial gesture on at least one occasion. Overall, participants produced fewer gestures in the sagittal (front‐back) axis than in the lateral (left‐right) axis, and this was particularly true for the youngest children and adolescents. Gestures that were incongruent with the prevailing norms of space–time mappings among English speakers (leftward and backward for past; rightward and forward for future) gradually decreased with increasing age. This was true for both the lateral and sagittal axis. This study highlights the importance of metaphoricity in children's understanding of time. It also suggests that, by 6 to 7 years of age, culturally determined representations of time have a strong influence on children's spatial metaphorical gestures.
Hemoptysis from the perspective of people with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Romàn Christina M. , Loughlin Holly C. , Aliaj Enid , Fay Robert J. , Tran Quynh T. , Borowitz Drucy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionPeople with cystic fibrosis (CF) are living longer, thus complications associated with age, such as hemoptysis, are increasing. The Institute of Medicine has emphasized the importance of patient‐centeredness. Although guidelines about hemoptysis in people with CF are available, these focus on management of the complication and not the patient perspective.ObjectiveWe sought to understand hemoptysis from the point of view of those who have experienced it.MethodsWe fielded an 11‐question survey to adults with CF and asked those who had hemoptysis to respond. Four questions had open‐ended options: (1) the person’s first experience with hemoptysis, (2) how that experience affected the way they approach their CF, (3) how they deal with hemoptysis when it occurs outside the home and (4) a free text box for general comments.ResultsThirty‐one of 132 adults with CF who were sent a survey completed it (23% response rate); 63% F), indicated that they had experienced hemoptysis and described their triggers. In response to open questioning, 77% of respondents found their first experience with hemoptysis to be ‘scary,’ ‘frightening,’ ‘worrying’ or ‘jarring.’ Half of respondents reported quality of life being negatively affected by worsening stress or anxiety, fear of bleeding in public or other life impacts.ConclusionsFocusing on how to cope with future episodes of hemoptysis and the associated anxiety can be helpful to patients. Proactive communication and sensitivity to patient experience may deepen physician‐patient rapport, increase self‐efficacy to cope with future episodes and lead to more comprehensive care of hemoptysis.
Seasonal variation in environmental and behavioural drivers of annual‐cycle habitat selection in a nearshore seabird
Authors: Lamb Juliet S. , Satgé Yvan G. , Jodice Patrick G. R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimConservation of highly mobile species often requires identifying locations or time periods of elevated vulnerability. Since both extrinsic habitat conditions and intrinsic behavioural and energetic requirements contribute to habitat use at the landscape scale, identifying spatial or temporal foci for conservation intervention requires understanding how habitat needs and distributions vary across the annual cycle. Nearshore marine birds inhabit highly dynamic systems and have widely varying habitat needs among breeding, moult and non‐breeding seasons, making them a useful case study for testing the relative contributions of individual resource requirements and environmental conditions in driving annual variation in distribution patterns.LocationNorthern Gulf of Mexico (USA).MethodsWe tracked Brown Pelicans using bird‐borne GPS transmitters and used a combination of Hidden Markov Models and multivariate selectivity analysis to compare the characteristics of preferred resident habitats used throughout the annual cycle.ResultsHabitat selection was driven by dynamic oceanographic variables during all stages of the annual cycle. Key habitat characteristics varied between seasons, with particularly strong selection on high productivity, low temperature and low salinity during the breeding and post‐breeding moult periods. The post‐breeding moult also corresponded to a time of limited availability of preferred habitats, resulting in extensive overlap between breeding populations from different administrative planning areas.Main conclusionsBy incorporating seasonal variation in individual behaviour and resource requirements into our habitat models, we were able to identify the post‐breeding moult as a period of high selectivity and restricted availability of preferred habitats for Brown Pelicans. Locations meeting preferred habitat criteria during the post‐breeding period, particularly estuarine habitats with high productivity and low salinity, would therefore be high‐value targets for management and restoration. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of accounting for both intrinsic and extrinsic temporal variation in evaluating habitat selection.
Will FinTech make regional banks superfluous for small firm finance? Observations from soft information‐based lending in Germany
Authors: Flögel Franz , Beckamp Marius 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRegional banks have a competitive advantage in that short distances to clients enable the use of soft information for superior lending decisions. If the ambition of FinTech start‐ups to create superior screening and monitoring technologies materialises, this advantage would be diminished and regional banks would become superfluous for small firm finance. To explore this claim, the paper in hand analyses qualitative empirical data about the lending processes and rating system use of regional German savings banks. In essence, the results from participant observation and interviews clarify the importance of “real” soft information for critical lending decisions. The context specificity and limited verifiability of “real” soft information hamper it from being hardened through the use of rating systems and other bank‐ICT. Though FinTech's scoring technologies may overcome the first limitation, it appears likely that in the course of scoring development “real” soft information will be systematically crowded out due to the manipulation problem. The paper expects improved access to finance for SMEs if FinTech solutions overcome both limitations of “real” soft information use, or if peer‐to‐peer lending and regional banks coexist. Deteriorated access to finance is expected if FinTech companies displace the relationship banking of regional banks due to enhanced competition, without preserving the advantages of “real” soft information with superior screening and monitoring technologies. The paper concludes with recommendations on how to prevent deteriorated access to finance for small firms by promoting fair competition and FinTech innovations.
Ant assemblage composition explains high predation pressure on artificial caterpillars during early night
Authors: Liu Xiang , Wang Zhenghong , Huang Chenyu , Li Manru , Bibi Farkhanda , Zhou Shurong , Nakamura Akihiro 
Published: December 2019

1. Predator–prey interactions, especially those involving herbivorous insects, are of great importance in maintaining biodiversity. Predation pressure varies temporally in response to prey availability and activity. However, little is known about the patterns and drivers of fluctuations in predation pressure at fine temporal scales.2. Artificial caterpillars (placed on plant leaves at breast height) were used to assess changes in predation pressure across four time intervals of the day in a monsoonal tropical rainforest in south‐west China. The study examined how assemblage composition of arboreal ants, the dominant predators, changed across the same time intervals. The potential linkages between biotic (arboreal ants) and abiotic (temperature and light intensity) factors with predation rate were evaluated.3. Predation rate on caterpillars during the early part of the night (19.00–01.00 hours) was significantly higher than in the morning, afternoon, or late night. Ant assemblage composition, rather than species richness or total abundance, best explained the variations in predation rate on artificial caterpillars.4. The results help to strengthen understanding of trophic interactions by demonstrating that predation pressure fluctuates at finer timescales than previously tested, and that a particular set of ant species may play major roles in predation on caterpillars and possibly other organisms.
Increased mirror overflow movements in ADHD are associated with altered EEG alpha/beta band desynchronization
Authors: McAuliffe Danielle , Hirabayashi Kathryn , Adamek Jack H. , Luo Yu , Crocetti Deana , Pillai Ajay S. , Zhao Yi , Crone Nathan E. , Mostofsky Stewart H. , Ewen Joshua B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChildren with ADHD show developmentally abnormal levels of mirror overflow—unintentional movements occurring symmetrically opposite of intentional movements. Because mirror overflow correlates with ADHD behavioral symptoms, the study of disinhibition in motor control may shed light on physiologic mechanisms underlying impaired behavioral/cognitive control. This is a case–controlled study of EEG recording from 25 children with ADHD and 25 typically developing (TD) controls performing unilateral sequential finger tapping, with overflow movements measured using electronic goniometers. Consistent with previously published findings, children with ADHD showed increased mirror overflow as compared with TD peers. EEG findings revealed less lateralized alpha modulation (event‐related desynchronization; ERD) and decreased magnitude of beta ERD in ADHD; both alpha and beta ERD reflect cortical activation. Moderation analysis revealed a significant association between beta ERD and overflow, independent of diagnosis; and an equivocal (p = .08) effect of diagnosis on the relationship between alpha ERD and overflow, with a significant effect in children with ADHD but not TD children. These results suggest two mechanisms involved with mirror overflow: one reflected in beta ipsilateral to the intentional movement and relevant to both children with ADHD and controls, and the other seemingly more specific to ADHD (alpha, contralateral to movement).
Local anaesthetics for regional and intra‐articular analgesia in the horse
Authors: Schumacher J. , Boone L. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryDuring the course of a lameness examination, intra‐articular or perineural administration of a local anaesthetic is often necessary to isolate the source of pain causing lameness. Local anaesthetics are useful for intraoperative and post‐operative pain relief and may allow for elimination of, or a decrease in, general anaesthesia. Within recent years, new information has become available concerning the use of local anaesthetics for localisation of pain and for palliation of pain. New information indicates that

Lidocaine is less efficacious than mepivacaine or ropivacaine in ameliorating lameness caused by pain.
After administering a nerve block, loss of skin sensation may not correlate with loss of pain causing lameness.
Local anaesthetic solution must be deposited within the sheath of the neurovascular bundle to be effective.
The dose of a local anaesthetic, which is a factor of volume and concentration, affects potency and duration of a nerve block.
Local anaesthetics are toxic to chondrocytes and synoviocytes. Lidocaine and bupivacaine appear to be more toxic than mepivacaine or ropivacaine. The clinical significance of the toxic effect of a single intra‐articular injection of local anaesthetic is yet to be determined.
Sodium bicarbonate can be added to a local anaesthetic solution to increase its potency and speed of onset.
Epinephrine added to local anaesthetic solution prolongs and intensifies its analgesic effect.
Mixing quick‐acting, short‐duration and slow‐acting, long‐duration local anaesthetics will not result in a quick‐acting, long‐duration drug combination.