bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of group composition and mineral supplementation during rearing on the behavior and welfare of replacement gilts
Authors: Hartnett Phoebe , Boyle Laura A , O’Driscoll Keelin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSow longevity supported by good health and reproductive performance is necessary to optimize sow lifetime performance. In some countries, replacement gilts are reared with finisher pigs destined for slaughter, so they are exposed to sexual and aggressive behaviors performed by males. This is associated with stress and injury. Moreover, diets formulated for finishers are not designed to meet the needs of replacement gilts and may not supply the necessary minerals to promote limb health, optimal reproduction, and, thus, sow longevity. In this 2 × 2 factorial design experiment with 384 animals (32 pens [12 animals per pen]), we investigated the effect of female-only (FEM) or mixed-sex (MIX) rearing, with (SUPP) or without (CON) supplementary minerals (copper, zinc, and manganese) on locomotion, salivary cortisol levels, behavior, body lesions (BL), and hoof health of gilts. The experimental period began at transfer to the finisher stage (day 81.3 ± 0.5 of age; day 0) until breeding age (day 196 ± 0.5 of age; day 115). Locomotion was scored (0–5) biweekly from day 0 until slaughter day 67 or breeding age day 115 for the remaining gilts. Saliva samples were taken monthly from four focal gilts per pen. All counts of aggressive, harmful, sexual, and play behavior were recorded by direct observation 1 d biweekly (5- × 5-min observations/pen/d). BL scores were recorded on focal pigs biweekly from day 1 until day 99 on the back, neck, shoulder, flank, and hind quarter on each side of the body. Hind hooves were scored for eight disorders (heel erosion [HE], heel sole separation [HSS], and white line separation [WLS], dew claw length and dew claw cracks, toe length and both vertical and horizontal toe cracks) by severity, and a total hoof lesion score was calculated by summing individual scores. General linear mixed models were used to analyze cortisol, behavior, BL, and total hoof scores. Generalized linear mixed models were used for locomotion, bursitis and individual hoof disorders. There was less aggression (P &lt; 0.05) and sexual behavior in the FEM compared to the MIX groups with more play behavior in MIX compared to FEM groups (P &lt; 0.01). Gilts in the MIX groups had higher BL scores than gilts in the FEM groups (P &lt; 0.001). Total hoof scores were higher in MIX (8.01 ± 0.15) than FEM (7.70 ± 0.12; P &lt; 0.02) gilts. CON diet gilts had higher HE scores than SUPP gilts (P &lt; 0.05). HSS (P &lt; 0.05) and WLS (P &lt; 0.05) scores were higher in MIX than FEM gilts. Rearing gilts in FEM groups had benefits for hoof health likely mediated through lower levels of activity due to male absence, and minerals helped reduce HE.
Comparative Effect of Mother's Hug and Massage on Neonatal Pain Behaviors Caused by Blood Sampling: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Roshanray Atefeh , Rayyani Masoud , Dehghan Mahlagha , Faghih Aref 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe early experience of pain can lead to complications such as tachycardia, tachypnea and increased metabolic needs of the body, thereby exacerbation of the behavioral and physiological responses to pain in neonates. The current study aimed to compare the effect of a mother's hug and massage on pain behaviors during and after blood sampling in neonates.MethodThis study was a randomized clinical trial. A total of 135 healthy full-term neonates were selected by convenience sampling method. Samples were randomly assigned to a mother's hug group, massage group or control group. In all three groups, the behavioral responses of the neonate were measured and recorded before, immediately and 5 min after blood sampling by Neonatal Infant Pain Scale. Heart rate, respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation were recorded with pulse oximetry, and the crying period was measured from start to silence using a stopwatch.ResultsThe results showed that after 5 min, the pain and heart rate in the mother's hug group decreased significantly compared to the massage and control groups (p &lt; 0.001). There were no significant changes in the respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation level in any of the newborns during blood sampling (p &gt; 0.05). The duration of crying in the mother's hug group had more reduction than that of the massage and control groups (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThe placement of the baby in the mother's hug during painful procedures is recommended due to the reduction of pain, the improvement of physiological symptoms and the promotion of neonatal health.
Examining Social Risk Factors in a Pressure Ulcer Quality Measure for Three Post-Acute Care Settings
Authors: Seibert Julie , Barch Daniel , Bernacet Amarilys , Kandilov Amy , Frank Jennifer , Free Lindsey , Roberts Quantesa , Reilly Karen , McMullen Tara , Levitt Alan , Mandl Stella , Smith Laura 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To describe and explore relationships between social demographic factors and incidence or worsening of pressure ulcer scores among post-acute care (PAC) settings.

DESIGN
The authors present the incidence of new or worsening pressure ulcers stratified by self-reported patient race and sex. Investigators used logistic regression modeling to examine relative risk of developing new or worsened pressure ulcers by sociodemographic status and multiple regression modeling to estimate the relative contribution of facility-level factors on rates of new or worsening pressure ulcers.

SETTING
Three PAC settings: long-term care hospitals, inpatient rehabilitation facilities, and skilled nursing facilities.

PARTICIPANTS
Medicare Part A residents and patients with complete stays in PAC facilities during 2015.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
The incidence of new or worsened pressure ulcers as calculated using the specifications of the National Quality Forum-endorsed pressure ulcer quality measure #0678.

MAIN RESULTS
The sample included 1,566,847 resident stays in 14,822 skilled nursing facilities, 478,292 patient stays in 1,132 inpatient rehabilitation facilities, and 121,834 patient stays in 397 long-term care hospitals. Significant differences in new or worsened pressure ulcer incidence rates by sociodemographic factors were found in all three settings. Black race, male sex, and advanced age were significant predictors of new or worsened ulcers, although controlling for health conditions reduced the racial disparity. The authors noted significant differences among facilities based on ownership type, urban/rural location, and sociodemographic makeup of facilities’ residents/patients.

CONCLUSIONS
There is evidence of disparities in the incidence of new or worsened pressure ulcers across PAC settings, suggesting publicly available quality data may be used to identify and ameliorate these problems.
Sagittally Balanced Degenerative Spondylolisthesis Patients With Increased Sacral Slope and Greater Lumbar Lordosis Experience Less Back Pain After Short-Segment Lumbar Fusion Surgery
Authors: Liow Ming Han Lincoln , Goh Graham Seow-Hng , Chua Jia Long , Ling Zhixing Marcus , Soh Reuben Chee Cheong , Guo Chang-Ming , Tan Seang-Beng , Chen John Li-Tat 
Published: January 2020

Study Design:
A retrospective review of prospectively collected registry data.

Objectives:
(1) Examine functional outcomes of patients with postoperative sacral slope (SS)<30 degrees versus SS≥30 degrees after single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS); (2) determine the factors associated with SS at the last follow-up.

Summary of Background Data:
Few studies have examined the relationship between spinopelvic parameters and functional outcomes in patients with DS undergoing short-segment TLIF. Although SS of 30 degrees has been proposed as the ideal spinopelvic parameter for eliminating residual pain and disability in adult spinal deformity, the ideal value for DS remains unknown.

Methods:
Prospectively collected registry data of 63 patients who underwent single-level L4–L5 open TLIF with sagittal realignment for DS were reviewed. Pelvic incidence, lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic tilt, SS, listhesis excursion, and Bridwell fusion grading were recorded. Patients were stratified into SS<30 degrees (n=26) or SS≥30 degrees (n=37) at the last follow-up. All patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at 2 years. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used to assess the relationship between expectation fulfillment and change in SS.

Results:
Patients with SS≥30 degrees had significantly lower back pain at 2 years (P<0.04). There were no differences in leg pain or outcome scores (Oswestry Disability Index, Short-Form 36 Physical, and Mental Component Summaries), although there was a trend towards better outcomes and higher satisfaction/expectation fulfillment in patients with SS≥30 degrees. The SS≥30 degrees group had a higher preoperative LL (P=0.04) and SS (P<0.01). Preoperative SS was correlated with SS (R=0.71, P<0.01) and LL (R=0.51, P<0.01) at the last follow-up. The area under the curve for change in SS was 0.680 (95% confidence interval, 0.453–0.907) for predicting expectation fulfillment at 2 years.

Conclusions:
Patients with increased SS (≥30 degrees) experienced less back pain after short-segment lumbar fusion surgery. This was associated with increased LL postoperatively, indicating better sagittal balance.
Complications Following Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Jenkins Nathaniel W. , Parrish James M. , Hrynewycz Nadia M. , Brundage Thomas S. , Singh Kern 
Published: January 2020

Study Design:
This was a retrospective study.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for postoperative complications following minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF).

Summary of Background Data:
The identification of independent risk factors that predispose patients to postoperative complications following MIS TLIF may allow for improved outcomes and the optimization of modifiable conditions before surgical intervention.

Materials and Methods:
Patients undergoing a single-level MIS TLIF were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic information and the presence of baseline medical conditions was recorded for all patients. Postsurgical complications that arose following the MIS TLIF procedure were recorded. The incidence of postoperative complications was tested for association with patient and surgical characteristics using bivariate Poisson regression. Independent risk factors for complications were identified through a backward stepwise regression model.

Results:
A total of 421 patients who underwent a primary, single-level MIS TLIF procedure were included in our analysis. The most common complication was urinary retention requiring catheterization (n=43, 10.2%), followed by pseudarthrosis (n=37, 8.8%), and then altered mental status (n=11, 2.6%). Multivariate analysis was conducted to determine the independent risk factors predictive of complications. The significant factors were obesity status (relative risk=2.2, P=0.001), the presence of diabetes (relative risk=2.6, P=0.002), and operative duration >105 minutes (relative risk=2.5, P=0.008).

Conclusions:
The present study provides the incidence of complications following MIS TLIF, as well as risk factors that are predictive of complications that may arise following the procedure. Independent variables for increased complication rates included extended operative duration, obesity, and diabetes status. The identification of these factors may be clinically useful to spine surgeons in terms of preoperative discussion and planning.
The Impact of Comorbidity Burden on Postoperative PROMIS Physical Function Following Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Parrish James M. , Jenkins Nathaniel W. , Hrynewycz Nadia M. , Brundage Thomas S. , Yoo Joon S. , Singh Kern 
Published: January 2020

Study Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
To assess the utility of Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS PF) in assessing postoperative recovery on the basis of the comorbidity burden after minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF).

Summary of Background Data:
Few studies have evaluated the effect of comorbidity burden in long-term clinical recovery after MIS TLIF.

Methods:
Patients undergoing primary, 1-level to 2-level MIS TLIF were retrospectively reviewed and stratified on the basis of Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score: 0 points (no comorbidities), 1–2 points (low CCI), ≥3 points (high CCI). CCI was tested for an association with demographic characteristics and perioperative variables using χ2 analysis and multivariate linear regression. Multivariate linear regression was utilized to determine the association between CCI cohorts and PROMIS PF.

Results:
A total of 187 1-level and 2-level MIS TLIF patients were included: 53 had no comorbidities, 78 had a low CCI, and 56 a high CCI. One patient in the high CCI group experienced nonunion. Patients reported similar PROMIS PF scores preoperatively and up to 1-year postoperatively. Each cohort experienced a similar improvement in PROMIS PF scores from baseline at each postoperative time point. For patients without comorbidities, the change in the postoperative PROMIS PF score from baseline was significant at every postoperative time point. However, for the patients with ≥1 comorbidities, the change in the postoperative PROMIS PF score from baseline was significant at the 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year time points, however, the change from baseline to 6 weeks was not significant.

Conclusions:
In this investigation, the authors compared the clinical recovery of patients with varying comorbidities undergoing an MIS TLIF using PROMIS PF. Regardless of comorbidity, patients reported similar preoperative PROMIS PF scores and had similar improvements throughout the 1-year follow-up. This study established that PROMIS PF is an effective tool to evaluate the recovery of patients with differing comorbidities after MIS TLIF.
Dosing Requirements of Extended-Release Tacrolimus (Astagraf XL) in African American Kidney Transplant Recipients Converted from Immediate-Release Tacrolimus (AAAKTRS)
Authors: Fleming James N. , Posadas Salas Maria A. , Taber David J. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The formal recommendation for converting twice-daily tacrolimus immediate release (IR) to once-daily tacrolimus extended release (ER) is a 1:1 dose conversion. However, more recent clinical analysis has shown that this may not be true; some patients may require a higher dose. In addition, de novo dosing tacrolimus ER has revealed that African Americans require approximately 20%–30% higher doses than Caucasians to achieve similar levels. As a result, this study sought to identify the appropriate dose conversion in the African American kidney transplant population, a population at high risk of rejection.

Methods:
This was a single-center, prospective, open-label study comparing the difference in dose-normalized trough and total daily dose necessary to reach steady-state therapeutic goal, after conversion from tacrolimus IR to tacrolimus ER, in 25 African American kidney transplant recipients.

Results:
After conversion to tacrolimus ER, there was a significant decrease in dose-normalized trough (C0) (0.44 versus 0.59, P = 0.03). Statistically significant differences were seen in both total daily and weight-based doses, when reported as actual values (15 versus 10 mg and 0.16 versus 0.11 mg/kg, respectively), as well as when standardized to achieve a target tacrolimus C0 of 8 ng/mL (18.1 versus 13.6 mg and 0.17 versus 0.15 mg/kg, respectively). The median standardized dose conversion required was 1.3 [1.0, 1.4], for the overall population. There were no instances of biopsy-proven acute rejection, allograft loss, or study drug discontinuation.

Conclusions:
This single-center, open-label conversion study demonstrated that there was a statistically and clinically significant decrease in dose-normalized trough after conversion from tacrolimus IR to tacrolimus ER in an African American kidney transplant population and that a 1:1 dose conversion is unlikely to meet therapeutic goals.
Estimation of External Contamination and Exposure Rates Due to Fission Product Release
Authors: Dewji S.A. , Bales K. , Asano E. , Veinot K. , Eckerman K. , Hart S. , Finklea L. , Ansari A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the event of a radiological incident, the release of fission products into the surrounding environment and the ensuing external contamination present a challenge for triage assessment by emergency response personnel. Reference exposure rate and skin dose rate calibration data for emergency response personnel are currently lacking for cases where receptors are externally contaminated with fission products. Simulations were conducted to compute reference exposure rate coefficients and skin dose rate coefficients from photon-emitting fission products of radiological concern. To accomplish this task, simplified mathematical skin phantoms were created using surface area and height specifications from International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 89. Simulations were conducted using Monte Carlo radiation transport code using newborn, 1-y-old, 5-y-old, 10-y-old, 15-y-old, and adult phantoms for 22 photon-emitting radionuclides. Exposure rate coefficient data were employed in a case study simulating the radionuclide inventory for a 17 × 17 Westinghouse pressurized water reactor, following three burn-up cycles at 14,600 MWd per metric ton of uranium. The decay times following the final cycle represent the relative activity fractions over a period of 0.5-30 d. The resulting data can be used as calibration standards for triage efforts in emergency response protocols.
Using Neuroscience to Augment Behavioral Interventions for Depression
Authors: Vinograd Meghan , Craske Michelle G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Depression is both prevalent and costly, and many individuals do not adequately respond to existing psychopharmacological and behavioral interventions. The current article describes the use of neuroscience in augmenting behavioral interventions for depression in two primary areas: anhedonia and cognitive deficits/biases. Neuroscience research has increased our understanding of the neural bases of reward processing and regulation of positive affect, and anhedonia among depressed samples can be related to deficits in each of these domains. Treatments that specifically target reward processing and regulation of positive affect in order to reduce anhedonia represent a recent advance in the field. Depression is also associated with aberrant processes relating to working memory, autobiographical memory, attentional bias, and interpretive bias. Neuroscience findings have increasingly been leveraged to augment the efficacy of cognitive-training and bias-modification interventions in these domains. The use of neuroscience to inform the development and augmentation of behavioral interventions for depression is a promising avenue of continued research.
Outcome of Surgical Management of Glaucoma Following Complex Retinal Detachment Repair With Silicone Oil Tamponade: Drainage Implant Versus Cyclophotocoagulation
Authors: Albahlal Abdullah , Alshamrani Abdulaziz , Khandekar Rajiv , Malik Rizwan 
Published: January 2020

Précis:
Glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs) are effective for the management of silicone oil-induced glaucoma. Although cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) has the advantage of shorter operative time and repeatability, it carries a higher risk of failure, blindness, and phthisis.

Background/Aims:
To compare the surgical outcome of GDD implantation and diode laser CPC in the management of refractory glaucoma following vitrectomy with silicone oil (SO) injection.

Materials and Methods:
In total, 56 eyes with refractory glaucoma after SO tamponade that underwent either CPC or GDD implantation were retrospectively evaluated. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement at baseline and 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The rates of complete success and qualified success (for IOP between ≥5 and ≤21 mm Hg) were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 17 eyes underwent GDD implantation and 39 eyes underwent CPC. The preoperative IOP was 35.7±7.9 mm Hg and 27.8±8.4 mm Hg for the CPC and GDD groups, respectively (P=0.001), with a worse baseline visual acuity (P=0.01) and a higher proportion of SO-filled eyes in the CPC group (P<0.01). The IOP at 1 year postoperatively was 23.5±11.5 mm Hg and 15.3±5.9 mm Hg for the CPC and GDD group, respectively (P=0.01). Both groups achieved a reduction in IOP and number of medications at 1 year (P<0.001). The success rate in the GDD group was 94.1% (16/17), and 53.8% (21/39) in the CPC group at 12 months (P<0.005). Five eyes and 1 eye lost light perception vision in the CPC and GDD groups, respectively.

Conclusions:
GDD implantation may carry a higher surgical success rate than CPC. However, CPC retains the advantage of being technically easier and repeatable.
Utility of the Modified Isolated-check Visual Evoked Potential Technique in Functional Glaucoma Assessment
Authors: Kolomeyer Natasha N. , Drinkwater Owen J. , Drivas Eleni , Zakik Amir , Zemon Vance , Sidoti Paul A. , Tsai James C. , Panarelli Joseph F. 
Published: January 2020

Précis:
Cortical response to low-contrast stimuli, as measured by isolated-check visual evoked potential (icVEP) technology, has the potential to provide functional assessment that may complement standard achromatic perimetry in assessing glaucomatous change.

Purpose:
To evaluate the utility of modified icVEP testing in detecting functional glaucomatous damage.

Materials and Methods:
Subjects who met predetermined criteria of controls, glaucoma suspects, preperimetric glaucoma, or glaucoma were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study from a single tertiary care center. Glaucoma patients were further categorized as early, moderate, advanced, or severe on the basis of Hodapp-Anderson-Parrish criteria. icVEP testing was performed with ten 2-second runs per qualified eye using the EvokeDx testing software. Multivariate statistics were used to calculate signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and perform outlier analysis.

Results:
In total, 140 eyes met criteria (mean±SD; age of 63±14 y; 49% male; logMAR visual acuity, 0.11±0.089). There was no significant difference in age, sex, or logMAR visual acuity among the groups. Controls had a significantly higher SNR than all other groups (P<0.003), including patients with preperimetric glaucoma. Among those with glaucoma, the early glaucoma patients had significantly higher SNR than the moderate, advanced, or severe glaucoma cohorts (P<0.04). The optimal SNR cutoff for differentiating between glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous eyes was 0.95, both with (sensitivity 82%, specificity 76%) and without (sensitivity 82%, specificity 100%) glaucoma suspects included in analysis.

Conclusions:
icVEP technology has the potential to complement standard achromatic perimetry in functional assessment of glaucomatous defects.
First Reported Case of Postneurosurgical Ventriculoperitonitis Due to Kocuria rhizophila Following a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement
Authors: Mathy Vincent , Chousterman Benjamin , Munier Anne-Lise , Cambau Emmanuelle , Jacquier Hervé , Péan de Ponfilly Gauthier 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Kocuria rhizophila, a Gram-positive coccus, is usually regarded as a contaminant. It has been described in catheter device–related infections in children, but never as being involved in central nervous system infections. We report here for the first time a case of ventriculoperitonitis due to K. rhizophila in adult, identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.