bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The utility of fused airborne laser scanning and multispectral data for improved wind damage risk assessment over a managed forest landscape in Finland
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Ranjith , Packalen Petteri , Ikonen Veli-Pekka , Räty Janne , Venäläinen Ari , Laapas Mikko , Pirinen Pentti , Peltola Heli 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Key message
The potential of airborne laser scanning (ALS) and multispectral remote sensing data to aid in generating improved wind damage risk maps over large forested areas is demonstrated. This article outlines a framework to generate such maps, primarily utilizing the horizontal structural information contained in the ALS data. Validation was done over an area in Eastern Finland that had experienced sporadic wind damage.

Context
Wind is the most prominent disturbance element for Finnish forests. Hence, tools are needed to generate wind damage risk maps for large forested areas, and their possible changes under planned silvicultural operations.

Aims
(1) How effective are ALS-based forest variables (e.g. distance to upwind forest stand edge, gap size) for identifying high wind damage risk areas? (2) Can robust estimates of predicted critical wind speeds for uprooting of trees be derived from these variables? (3) Can these critical wind speed estimates be improved using wind multipliers, which factor in topography and terrain roughness effects?

Methods
We first outline a framework to generate several wind damage risk–related parameters from remote sensing data (ALS + multispectral). Then, we assess if such parameters have predictive power. That is, whether they help differentiate between damaged and background points. This verification exercise used 42 wind damaged points spread over a large area.

Results
Parameters derived from remote sensing data are shown to have predictive power. Risk models based on critical wind speeds are not that robust, but show potential for improvement.

Conclusion
Overall, this work described a framework to get several wind risk–related parameters from remote sensing data. These parameters are shown to have potential in generating wind damage risk maps over large forested areas.
Anticancer Activities and Mechanism of Action of Nagilactones, a Group of Terpenoid Lactones Isolated from Podocarpus Species
Authors: Bailly Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNagilactones are tetracyclic natural products isolated from various Podocarpus species. These lactone-based compounds display a range of pharmacological effects, including antifungal, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities reviewed here. The most active derivatives, such as nagilactones C, E and F, exhibit potent anticancer activities against different cancer cell lines and tumor models. A comprehensive analysis of their mechanism of action indicates that their anticancer activity mainly derives from three complementary action: (i) a drug-induced inhibition of cell proliferation coupled with a cell cycle perturbation and induction of apoptosis, (ii) a blockade of the epithelial to mesenchymal cell transition contributing to an inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion and (iii) a capacity to modulate the PD-L1 immune checkpoint. Different molecular effectors have been implicated in the antitumor activity, chiefly the AP-1 pathway blocked upon activation of the JNK/c-Jun axis. Nag-C is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis binding to eukaryotic ribosomes and inhibition of different protein kinases, such as RIOK2 and JAK2, has been postulated with Nag-E. The literature survey on nagilactones highlights the therapeutic potential of these little-known terpenoids. The mechanistic analysis also provides useful information for structurally related compounds (podolactones, oidiolactones, inumakilactones) isolated from Podocarpus plants.
Germline multigene panel testing revealed a BRCA2 pathogenic variant in a patient with suspected Lynch syndrome
Authors: Yoshihama Tomoko , Hirasawa Akira , Sugano Kokichi , Yoshida Teruhiko , Ushiama Mineko , Ueki Arisa , Akahane Tomoko , Nanki Yoshiko , Sakai Kensuke , Makabe Takeshi , Yamagami Wataru , Susumu Nobuyuki , Kameyama Kaori , Kosaki Kenjiro , Aoki Daisuke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere has been a rapid advance in germline multigene panel testing by next-generation sequencing, and it is being widely used in clinical settings. A 56-year-old woman suspected of having Lynch syndrome was identified as a BRCA2 pathogenic variant carrier by multigene panel testing. The patient was diagnosed with endometrial cancer at the age of 39 years, and total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy were performed at the age of 49 years; however, bilateral oophorectomy was not performed at that time. As she had a family history of colorectal cancer and a history of endometrial cancer, Lynch syndrome was suspected. However, germline multigene panel testing revealed a pathogenic BRCA2 variant rather than pathogenic variants in mismatch repair genes. In this case, with conventional genetic risk assessment, we were unable to determine whether the patient had a high risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer; thus, germline multigene panel testing may provide valuable information to improve disease management strategies for patients in clinical settings. Particularly, germline multigene panel testing may be useful for detecting hereditary tumor syndromes if a patient does not present with a typical family history of cancer.
Chlorpyrifos removal: Nb/boron-doped diamond anode coupled with solid polymer electrolyte and ultrasound irradiation
Authors: Tasca Andrea Luca , Clematis Davide , Panizza Marco , Vitolo Sandra , Puccini Monica 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChlorpyrifos is an organophosphorus insecticide, acaricide and miticide used worldwide for the control of soil-borne insect pests. It must be considered as a substance of growing concern, given its use, toxicity, environmental occurrence, and potential for regional to long-range atmospheric transport. Considering the incomplete removal attained by conventional water treatment processes, we investigated the efficiency of electrolytic radicals production and sonoelectrolysis on the degradation of the pesticide. The treatment has been conducted in a novel electrochemical reactor, equipped with a boron-doped diamond anode and a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). Different current intensity and times have been tested and coupled with sonication at 40 kHz. Up to 69% of chlorpyrifos was completely removed in 10 min by electrolysis operated at 0.1 mA, while 12.5% and 5.4% was converted into the treatment intermediates 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) and diethyl (3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl) phosphate, respectively. Ultrasound irradiation did not enhance the removal efficiency, likely due to mass transport limitations, while the energy consumption increased from 8.68∙10− 6 to 9.34∙10− 4 kWh µg− 1 removed. Further research is encouraged, given the promising processing by the SPE technology of low conductivity solutions, as pharmaceuticals streams, as well as the potential for water and in-situ groundwater remediation from different emerging pollutants as phytosanitary and personal care products.
Downhill Running: What Are The Effects and How Can We Adapt? A Narrative Review
Authors: Bontemps Bastien , Vercruyssen Fabrice , Gruet Mathieu , Louis Julien 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDownhill running (DR) is a whole-body exercise model that is used to investigate the physiological consequences of eccentric muscle actions and/or exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). In a sporting context, DR sections can be part of running disciplines (off-road and road running) and can accentuate EIMD, leading to a reduction in performance. The purpose of this narrative review is to: (1) better inform on the acute and delayed physiological effects of DR; (2) identify and discuss, using a comprehensive approach, the DR characteristics that affect the physiological responses to DR and their potential interactions; (3) provide the current state of evidence on preventive and in-situ strategies to better adapt to DR. Key findings of this review show that DR may have an impact on exercise performance by altering muscle structure and function due to EIMD. In the majority of studies, EIMD are assessed through isometric maximal voluntary contraction, blood creatine kinase and delayed onset muscle soreness, with DR characteristics (slope, exercise duration, and running speed) acting as the main influencing factors. In previous studies, the median (25th percentile, Q1; 75th percentile, Q3) slope, exercise duration, and running speed were − 12% (− 15%; − 10%), 40 min (30 min; 45 min) and 11.3 km h−1 (9.8 km h−1; 12.9 km h−1), respectively. Regardless of DR characteristics, people the least accustomed to DR generally experienced the most EIMD. There is growing evidence to suggest that preventive strategies that consist of prior exposure to DR are the most effective to better tolerate DR. The effectiveness of in-situ strategies such as lower limb compression garments and specific footwear remains to be confirmed. Our review finally highlights important discrepancies between studies in the assessment of EIMD, DR protocols and populations, which prevent drawing firm conclusions on factors that most influence the response to DR, and adaptive strategies to DR.
The application of inter-satellite links connectivity schemes in various satellite navigation systems for orbit and clock corrections determination: simulation study
Authors: Kur Tomasz , Liwosz Tomasz , Kalarus Maciej 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInter-Satellite Links (ISLs) are intended to improve precision of orbit determination and satellite clock estimation. The ISLs provide a precise pseudorange measurements between satellites in a specific constellation. The study is a preparatory assessment of exploitation of seven connectivity schemes in the terms of the precise orbit determination for three types of constellations—Galileo-like with 24 satellites on three orbital planes, GPS-like with 24 satellites on six orbital planes, and GPS with real positions. The first part of the study focused on detailed analysis of the various ISL connectivity schemes, considering the geometry of ISL observations. The selected results of ranging were examined in the context of the precise orbit determination based on weighted least squares adjustment. The second part of the analysis was based on simulated measurements with two approaches. First approach focuses on geometrical dependencies and the second is performed with ISL measurement biases estimation. It was found that the use of the ISL technique with GNSS measurements in orbit determination improves the results by reducing the RMS error in the along-track and cross-track components. Choice of connectivity schemes does not have a significant impact on the total results of orbit determination, but give different contribution to particular components. Introducing constant bias in ISL measurements occurs in slightly worse estimation results. However, the relations between connectivity schemes is very similar to approach without simulation of ISL bias, the differences are at the level of 10%. Satellite and station clock estimation errors are almost equal for all used connectivity schemes. Results of clocks are also not influenced by ISL bias. This study showed that the ISL technique is a highly promising addition for future generations of satellite navigation systems and that sequential and ring connectivity schemes can be recommended for use in future navigation constellations.
The ferrocenium/ferrocene couple: a versatile redox switch
Authors: Fabbrizzi Luigi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Woodward and co-workers in 1952 characterised the unique structural features of ferrocene (the first sandwich compound), demonstrated its aromatic nature and observed that on treatment with mild oxidising agents (aqueous Ag2SO4, p-benzoquinone in organic solvents) the orange solution of ferrocene (Fc) turned blue due to the formation of ferrocenium (Fc+). A few months later, the one-electron Fc/Fc+ redox change was characterised polarographically by Page and Wilkinson with E1/2 = 0.31 V vs SCE (0.56 V vs NHE) in ethanol/water 9:1. Since then ferrocene has become an icon of organometallic electrochemistry. Owing to the stability of its molecular framework, to the ease of functionalisation at the cyclopentadienyl rings and to the fast, reversible and kinetically uncomplicated Fc/Fc+ redox change, ferrocene has been used as a building block for the design of switchable functional systems. In this review, we will consider (1) electrochemical sensors for metal ions, anions and metal–anion pairs operating through the Fc/Fc+ redox change, (2) ferrocene-based redox switches of fluorescence and (3) cross-transport of electrons and anions through a liquid membrane mediated by lipophilic ferrocene derivatives.

Graphic abstract
Modal analysis of dielectric barrier discharge-based argon cold plasma jet
Authors: Deepak G. Divya , Joshi N. K. , Prakash Ram 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge-based argon plasma jet has been modeled using COMSOL Multiphysics, which is based on the finite element method. The fluid dynamics and plasma modules of COMSOL Multiphysics code have been used for the modeling of the plasma jet. The plasma parameters, such as electron density, electron temperature, and electrical potential, have been examined by varying the electrical parameters, that is, supply voltage and supply frequency for both cases of static and with the flow of argon gas. The argon gas flow rate was fixed at 1 l/min. Ring electrode arrangement is subjected to a range of supply frequencies (10–25 kHz) and supply voltages (3.5–6 kV). The experimental results of the ring electrode configuration have been compared with the simulation analysis results. These results help in establishing an optimized operating range of the dielectric barrier discharge-based cold plasma jet in the glow discharge regime without arcing phenomenon. For the applied voltage and supply frequency parameters examined in this work, the discharge was found to be consistently homogeneous and displayed the characteristics of atmospheric pressure glow discharge.
Numerical investigation of radiation ablation and acceleration of high-density carbon foils
Authors: Chen Peng , Hu Ronghao , Zhou Hao , Tao Zhihao , Gao Guilong , He Kai , Wang Tao , Tian Jinshou , Yi Tao , Lv Meng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ablation and acceleration of diamond-like high-density carbon foils irradiated by thermal X-ray radiations are investigated with radiation hydrodynamics simulations. The time-dependent front of the ablation wave is given numerically for radiation temperatures in the range of 100–300 eV. The mass ablation rates and ablation pressures can be derived or implied from the coordinates of ablation fronts, which agree well with reported experiment results of high-density carbon with radiation temperatures Trad in the range of 160–260 eV. It is also found that the $T_{{\rm rad}}^3$ scaling law for ablation rates does not apply to Trad above 260 eV. The trajectories of targets and hydrodynamic efficiencies for different target thicknesses can be derived from the coordinates of ablation fronts using a rocket model and the results agree well with simulations. The peak hydrodynamic efficiencies of the acceleration process are investigated for different foil thicknesses and radiation temperatures. Higher radiation temperatures and target thicknesses result in higher hydrodynamic efficiencies. The simulation results are useful for the design of fusion capsules.
Dietary patterns and glycaemic control among Qatari adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Alaradi Marwa , Ouagueni Asma , Khatib Rim , Attieh Grace , Bawadi Hiba , Shi Zumin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:To assess the association between dietary patterns and glycaemic control among Qatari adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Design:Cross-sectional analysis using data from the Qatar Biobank Study. Poor glycaemic control was defined as HbA1c ≥7·0 %. Dietary patterns were constructed using factor analysis based on habitual food intake assessed by a FFQ. Medication use was based on self-report. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association.Setting:Qatar.Participants:Adults aged ≥18 years (n 1000) with known diabetes.Result:The mean age of the participants was 52·3 (sd 11·5) years. Overall, the prevalence of poor glycaemic control was 57·6 %, and 27·7 % of the participants were insulin users. Three dietary patterns were identified. The modern dietary pattern (high intake of fast food, croissants, white bread and cheese) was inversely associated with poor glycaemic control. The sd increments of the modern pattern had OR for poor glycaemic control of 0·86 (95 % CI 0·68, 1·08) in men and 0·76 (95 % CI 0·61, 0·95) in women. There was a significant interaction between the modern pattern and diabetes medication in men but not in women. In men without diabetes medication, the modern pattern was positively associated with poor glycaemic control with an OR of 2·35 (95 % CI 1·13, 4·87).Conclusions:Male diabetes patients took medication to control diabetes but ate more unhealthy food. In men who were not taking diabetes medication, modern dietary pattern was associated with poor glycaemic control. Promoting healthy eating should be encouraged especially among those under diabetes medication.
Sodium menu labelling: priorities for research and policy
Authors: Alexander Eleanore , Rutkow Lainie , Gudzune Kimberly A , Cohen Joanna E , McGinty Emma E 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:To understand the different Na menu labelling approaches that have been considered by state and local policymakers in the USA and to summarise the evidence on the relationship between Na menu labelling and Na content of menu items offered by restaurants or purchased by consumers.Design:Proposed and enacted Na menu labelling laws at the state and local levels were reviewed using legal databases and an online search, and a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted on the relationship between Na menu labelling and Na content of menu items offered by restaurants or purchased by consumers.Setting:Local and state jurisdictions in the USAParticipants:Not applicable.Results:Between 2000 and 2020, thirty-eight laws – eleven at the local level and twenty-seven at the state level – were proposed to require Na labelling of restaurant menu items. By 2020, eight laws were enacted requiring chain restaurants to label the Na content of menu items. Five studies were identified that evaluated the impact of Na menu labelling on Na content of menu items offered by restaurants or purchased by consumers in the USA. The studies had mixed results: two studies showed a statistically significant association between Na menu labelling and reduced Na content of menu items; three showed no effects.Conclusion:Data suggest that Na menu labelling may reduce Na in restaurant menu items, but further rigorous research evaluating Na menu labelling effects on Na content of menu items, as well as on the Na content in menu items purchased by consumers, is needed.
The spectral evolution of cool white dwarfs
Authors: Blouin Simon , Dufour Patrick 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEmpirically characterizing the spectral evolution of cool white dwarfs is a prerequisite to understanding the physical processes that shape the evolution of these old objects. However, the high photospheric densities of cool helium-rich atmospheres seriously complicate the study of those stars. We have recently developed an updated atmosphere code that is appropriate for high densities and that can model any cool white dwarf (including DZs and DQpecs). Here, we present recent advances in our understanding of the spectral evolution of cool white dwarfs that were made possible thanks to these improved models. We discuss in particular the evolution of the hydrogen-rich to helium-rich ratio at low effective temperatures as well as the DQ→ DQpec transition.
The completeness of Gaia-selected samples of white dwarfs
Authors: Oswalt Terry D. , Holberg Jay B. , Sion Edward M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Gaia DR2 has dramatically increased the ability to detect faint nearby white dwarfs. The census of the local white dwarf population has recently been extended from 25 pc to 50 pc, effectively increasing the sample by roughly an order of magnitude. Here we examine the completeness of this new sample as a function of variables such as apparent magnitude, distance, proper motion, photometric color index, unresolved components, etc.
Continuous gravitational waves from magnetized white dwarfs
Authors: Kalita Surajit , Mukhopadhyay Banibrata 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent evidence of super-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs (WDs), from the observations of over-luminous type Ia supernovae (SNeIa), has been a great astrophysical discovery. However, no such massive WDs have so far been observed directly as their luminosities are generally quite low. Hence it immediately raises the question of whether there is any possibility of detecting them directly. The search for super-Chandrasekhar WDs is very important as SNeIa are used as standard candles in cosmology. In this article, we show that continuous gravitational wave can allow us to detect such super-Chandrasekhar WDs directly.
Near-infrared observations of dusty white dwarfs
Authors: Rogers Laura K. , Xu Siyi , Bonsor Amy , Hodgkin Simon , Su Kate Y. L. , von Hippel Ted , Jura Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstarctPlanetary material in the atmospheres of white dwarfs is thought to be scattered inwards from outer planetary systems. Dusty emission in the infrared traces the accretion. As the scattering of many small asteroids is a stochastic process, variability in the infrared emission is predicted. We report a 3 year near-infrared (J, H and K) monitoring campaign of 34 dusty, polluted white dwarfs which aims to search for dust emission variability. We find all white dwarfs have consistent near-infrared fluxes, implying the excess emission is stable. This suggests tidal disruption events which lead to large variabilities are rare and quick (<1 year) and become stable within a few years. For WD 0408–041, the system that shows both increases and decreases in dust emission over 11 years, our K band data suggest a potential colour change associated with the dust emission that needs further confirmation.