bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
M -strings and AdS3 solutions to M-theory with small $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (0, 4) supersymmetry
Authors: Lozano Yolanda , Nunez Carlos , Ramirez Anayeli , Speziali Stefano 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We construct a general class of (small) $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (0, 4) superconformal solutions in M-theory of the form AdS3× S3/ℤk× CY2, foliated over an interval. These solutions describe M-strings in M5-brane intersections. The M -strings support (0, 4) quiver CFTs that are in correspondence with our backgrounds. We compute the central charge and show that it scales linearly with the total number of M -strings. We introduce momentum charge, thus allowing for a description in terms of M(atrix) theory. Upon reduction to Type IIA, we find a new class of solutions with four Poincaré supercharges of the form AdS2× S3× CY2× ℐ , that we extend to the massive IIA case. We generalise our constructions to provide a complete class of AdS3 solutions to M-theory with (0,4) supersymmetry and SU(2) structure. We also construct new AdS2× S3× M4× ℐ solutions to massive IIA, with M4 a 4d Kähler manifold and four Poincaré supercharges.
Anomalous decay rate of quasinormal modes in Schwarzschild-dS and Schwarzschild-AdS black holes
Authors: Aragón Almendra , González P.A. , Papantonopoulos Eleftherios , Vásquez Yerko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Recently an anomalous decay rate of the quasinormal modes of a massive scalar field in Schwarzschild black holes backgrounds was reported in which the longest-lived modes are the ones with higher angular number, for a scalar field mass smaller than a critical value, while that beyond this value the behaviour is inverted. In this work, we extend the study to other asymptotic geometries, such as, Schwarzschild-de Sitter and Schwarzschild-AdS black holes. Mainly, we found that such behaviour and the critical mass are present in the Schwarzschild-de Sitter background. Also, we found that the value of the critical mass increases when the cosmological constant increases and also when the overtone number is increasing. On the other hand, despite the critical mass is not present in Schwarzschild-AdS black holes backgrounds, the decay rate of the quasinormal modes always exhibits an anomalous behaviour.
Correlations in geometric states
Authors: Guo Wu-zhong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper we explore the correlations in the geometric states. Here the geometric state means the state in CFTs that can be effectively described by classical geometry in the bulk in the semi-classical limit G → 0. By using the upper bound of Holevo information we show the convex combination of geometric states cannot be a geometric state. To understand the duality between thermofield double state and eternal black hle, we construct several correlated states of two CFTs. In all the examples we show their correlations are too weak to produce the a connected spacetime. Then we review the measure named quantum discord and use it to characterize the classical and quantum correlations in quantum field theories. Finally, we discuss the correlations between two intervals A and B with distance d in the vacuum state of 2D CFTs with large central charge c. The feature is the phase transition of the mutual information I (ρAB). We analyse the quasi-product state of ρAB for large d. By using the Koashi-Winter relation of tripartite states the quantum and classical correlations between A and B can expressed as Holevo information, which provides a new understanding of the correlations as accessible information.
Strengthening the de Sitter swampland conjecture in warm inflation
Authors: Brandenberger Robert , Kamali Vahid , Ramos Rudnei O. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The de Sitter constraint on the space of effective scalar field theories consistent with superstring theory provides a lower bound on the slope of the potential of a scalar field which dominates the evolution of the Universe, e.g., a hypothetical inflaton field. Whereas models of single scalar field inflation with a canonically normalized field do not obey this constraint, it has been claimed recently in the literature that models of warm inflation can be made compatible with it in the case of large dissipation. The de Sitter constraint is known to be derived from entropy considerations. Since warm inflation necessary involves entropy production, it becomes necessary to determine how this entropy production will affect the constraints imposed by the swampland conditions. Here, we generalize these entropy considerations to the case of warm inflation and show that the condition on the slope of the potential remains essentially unchanged and is, hence, robust even in the warm inflation dynamics. We are then able to conclude that models of warm inflation indeed can be made consistent with the swampland criteria.
Superior properties of the PRESB preconditioner for operators on two-by-two block form with square blocks
Authors: Axelsson Owe , Karátson János 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMatrices or operators in two-by-two block form with square blocks arise in numerous important applications, such as in optimal control problems for PDEs. The problems are normally of very large scale so iterative solution methods must be used. Thereby the choice of an efficient and robust preconditioner is of crucial importance. Since some time a very efficient preconditioner, the preconditioned square block, PRESB method has been used by the authors and coauthors in various applications, in particular for optimal control problems for PDEs. It has been shown to have excellent properties, such as a very fast and robust rate of convergence that outperforms other methods. In this paper the fundamental and most important properties of the method are stressed and presented with new and extended proofs. Under certain conditions, the condition number of the preconditioned matrix is bounded by 2 or even smaller. Furthermore, under certain assumptions the rate of convergence is superlinear.
Quantitative Flow Visualization of Slightly Underexpanded Microjets by Mach–Zehnder Interferometers
Authors: Sugawara Sotaro , Nakao Shinichiro , Miyazato Yoshiaki , Ishino Yojiro , Miki Kenji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Mach–Zehnder interferometer with the finite fringe setting is applied for a shock-containing microjet issued from an axisymmetric convergent nozzle with an inner diameter of 1.0 mm at the exit. Experiments are performed at a nozzle pressure ratio of 3.0 to produce a slightly underexpanded sonic jet where the Reynolds number, based upon the diameter and flow properties at the nozzle exit, is $$4.45 \times 10^4$$

4.45
×

10
4

. The reconstruction of the jet density field is performed using the Abel inversion method under the assumption of an axisymmetric flow as well as the Fourier transform method for the phase shift analyses of interferograms. The three-dimensional density field of a shock-containing microjet can be captured with a spatial resolution of 4 $$\upmu$$
μ
m, and the near-field shock structure inside the jet plume is shown in the density contour plot at the cross-section including the jet centerline. In addition, the density field of the microjet is illustrated with various techniques, including representation such as the vertical-knife-edge schlieren, the horizontal-knife-edge schlieren, the bright-field schlieren, and the shadowgraphy. In addition to experiments, the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulation with the SST k–$$\omega$$
ω
turbulence model is carried out to model the microjets, and a quantitative comparison with the experiments is performed. The jet centerline density profile obtained by the present experiment is quantitatively compared with those from the previous Mach–Zehnder interferometer, the background oriented schlieren, as well as the RANS simulation.
Rethinking the interplay between affluence and vulnerability to aid climate change adaptive capacity
Authors: Eriksen Christine , Simon Gregory L. , Roth Florian , Lakhina Shefali Juneja , Wisner Ben , Adler Carolina , Thomalla Frank , Scolobig Anna , Brady Kate , Bründl Michael , Neisser Florian , Grenfell Maree , Maduz Linda , Prior Timothy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAffluence and vulnerability are often seen as opposite sides of a coin—with affluence generally understood as reducing forms of vulnerability through increased resilience and adaptive capacity. However, in the context of climate change and an increase in associated hazards and disasters, we suggest the need to re-examine this dynamic relationship—a complex association we define here as the Affluence–Vulnerability Interface (AVI). We review research in different national contexts to show how a more nuanced understanding of the AVI can (a) problematize the notion that increasing material affluence necessarily has a mitigating influence on social vulnerability, (b) extend our analysis of social vulnerability beyond low-income regions to include affluent contexts and (c) improve our understanding of how psychosocial characteristics influence people’s vulnerability. Finally, we briefly outline three methodological approaches that we believe will assist future engagement with the AVI.
Food security under high bioenergy demand toward long-term climate goals
Authors: Hasegawa Tomoko , Sands Ronald D. , Brunelle Thierry , Cui Yiyun , Frank Stefan , Fujimori Shinichiro , Popp Alexander 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBioenergy is expected to play an important role in the achievement of stringent climate-change mitigation targets requiring the application of negative emissions technology. Using a multi-model framework, we assess the effects of high bioenergy demand on global food production, food security, and competition for agricultural land. Various scenarios simulate global bioenergy demands of 100, 200, 300, and 400 exajoules (EJ) by 2100, with and without a carbon price. Six global energy-economy-agriculture models contribute to this study, with different methodologies and technologies used for bioenergy supply and greenhouse-gas mitigation options for agriculture. We find that the large-scale use of bioenergy, if not implemented properly, would raise food prices and increase the number of people at risk of hunger in many areas of the world. For example, an increase in global bioenergy demand from 200 to 300 EJ causes a − 11% to + 40% change in food crop prices and decreases food consumption from − 45 to − 2 kcal person−1 day−1, leading to an additional 0 to 25 million people at risk of hunger compared with the case of no bioenergy demand (90th percentile range across models). This risk does not rule out the intensive use of bioenergy but shows the importance of its careful implementation, potentially including regulations that protect cropland for food production or for the use of bioenergy feedstock on land that is not competitive with food production.
Effect of Green Oxidizing Agent on Inhibition of Escherichia coli Present in Livestock Wastes
Authors: Więckol-Ryk Angelika , Białecka Barbara , Thomas Maciej 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe optimisation tests of sodium percarbonate (biocide) with the formula 2Na2CO3·3H2O2, as a green oxidizing agent for biological deactivation of chicken manure, were carried out. The microbiological analysis of fresh manure which consisted of the enumeration of bacteria, fungi and eggs of intestinal parasites showed that the number of bacteria Enterobacteriaceae, i.e. 8.3 log10CFU/g, and the bacteria E. coli, i.e. 6.96 log10CFU/g, exceeded the required level in organic fertilizers. The Response Surface Methodology for three input parameters (biocide concentration, temperature and time) on the value of E. coli bacteria was applied. The obtained values of the coefficient of the multiple correlation R2 and the adjusted coefficient Radj2 were 0.90 and 0.75, respectively, which indicate a good fit of the data obtained with the model and the experimental data. It was concluded that a decrease in the count of the analysed microorganisms followed an increase in the sodium percarbonate concentration, an increase in the temperature and a longer time of contact of the manure sample with the biocide. The content of bioavailable macronutrients (P, N, Ca, Mg, K) in water extracts of fresh chicken manure before and after its biological deactivation was determined with the ICP-OES method. The concentration of phosphorous in fresh manure extract was 310 mg/l and decreased after addition of one of the following agents: 7.5 wt.% of sodium percarbonate to 66.9 mg/l or 3.0 wt.% of traditional hygienizing agent, i.e. calcium hydroxide to 5.7 mg/l.. The results of the concentration of N in chicken manure with sodium percarbonate was also higher than in sample with calcium hydroxide, i.e. 1040.0 mg/l and 860.0 mg/l, respectively. While the addition of 2Na2CO3·3H2O2 decreased the content of Ca, Mg and K in fresh chicken manure.
Long-lasting effects of unplanned logging on the seed rain of mixed conifer-hardwood forests in southern South America
Authors: Souza Alexandre F. , de Ávila Angela Luciana , Araújo Maristela M. , Longhi Solon Jonas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of disturbance on seed rain is critical to predict changes in forest species composition and diversity. Logging effects on seed rain in a mixed conifer-hardwood forest complex in southern Brazil were evaluated. One year of seed rain data were collected from a large-scale observational experiment in logged and protected forests and quantity and average seed size weighted by species abundance (CWM) were compared between old-growth and logged stands 55 years after logging activities. Using these data, variations in frequency of functional groups of species in the seed rain were examined to see if they could be attributed to logging. Results show that the number of seeds per trap was highly right-skewed, ranging from 13 to 12,788 seeds per trap in one year. Seed rain was affected by logging history, with seed traps in old-growth plots receiving significantly less seeds than traps in logged plots. All species included mean seed size weighted by species abundance were significantly smaller in logged than in old-growth forests. This difference persisted after the exclusion ofAraucaria angustifolia, a large-seeded pioneer which was intensively logged,although the difference of seed size between the two forest classes was greatly reduced. Species abundance in the seed rain differed significantly from the established tree community, between logged and old-growth stands. The composition of the seed rain was much more variable than the composition of the established tree community and its points more scattered over the ordination space than the points corresponding to the protected forests. The number of collected seeds across different functional groups of species significantly differed between logged and old-growth plots. The seed rain of logged forests reflects their arrested succession as indicated by reduced abundance of functional groups such as pioneers, large seeded pioneers andAraucaria, as well as reduced functional diversity. Seed rain differences between logged and old- growth stands reflect the intensive logging ofA. angustifolia.
Stability and stable production limit of an oil production well
Authors: Yadua Asekhame U. , Lawal Kazeem A. , Okoh Oluchukwu M. , Ovuru Mathilda I. , Eyitayo Stella I. , Matemilola Saka , Obi Chinyere C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnstable well flow is detrimental to the technical and economic performances of an integrated production system. To mitigate this problem, it is imperative to understand the stability limits and predict the onset of unstable production of an oil well. Taking advantage of the phenomenon of slug flow and the onset of unstable equilibrium from inflow performance and vertical lift curves of a producing well, this paper presents a new method for evaluating the stability of an oil production well on the one hand and estimating its stable production limits in terms of wellhead flowing pressure and flow rate on the other hand. A novelty of this work is the introduction and quantitative characterization of three distinct stability phases in the performance of a production well. These phases are uniquely identified as stable, transition and unstable flows. Practical examples and field cases demonstrate the robustness of the new method. When compared against results from a commercial wellbore simulator for the same set of problems, the new method yields an average absolute deviation of 5.3%. Additional validation tests against a common, but more computationally demanding method of stability analysis yield satisfactory results. Several parametric tests conducted with the proposed model and method provide additional insights into some of the major factors that control well stability, highlighting scope for production optimization in practice. Overall, this work should find applications in the design and management of production wells.
Prostaatspecifiek membraanantigeengestuurde chirurgie voor prostaatkanker
Authors: van Leeuwen Pim J. , van Oosterom Matthias N. , de Barros Hilda , Donswijk Maarten L. , van der Poel Henk G. , van Leeuwen Fijs W. B. 
Published: August 2020

SamenvattingReal-time intraoperatieve begeleiding tijdens prostaatkankerchirurgie kan helpen bij de realisatie van een volledige en veilige resectie van de primaire tumor en/of de lymfekliermetastasen. Radio- en fluorescentiegeleide chirurgie zijn veelbelovend voor chirurgen die complexe chirurgische interventies uitvoeren. Dit soort begeleiding kan gerealiseerd worden met behulp van receptorgebonden tracers. De introductie van positronemissietomografie (PET) radiofarmaca die zijn gericht op het prostaatspecifieke membraanantigeen (PSMA) heeft geleid tot verbeterde stadiëring, vooral bij mannen met een recidief prostaatkanker en relatief lage PSA-waarden. Deze PSMA-receptor kan ook als target dienen voor het betrouwbaar peroperatief identificeren van kleine en/of atypisch gelokaliseerde laesies en/of tumorresiduen na primaire resectie. In dit overzicht bespreken we de huidige inzichten van op PSMA gebaseerde radio- en fluorescentiegeleide chirurgie.
Metabolic diversification of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea in a deep-sea cold seep
Authors: Li Wen-Li , Wu Yu-Zhi , Zhou Guo-wei , Huang Hui , Wang Yong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) can assimilate methane and govern the greenhouse effect of deep-sea cold seeps. In this study, a total of 13 ANME draft genomes representing five ANME types (ANME-1a, ANME-1b, ANME-2a, ANME-2b and ANME-2c), in size between 0.8 and 1.8 Mbp, were obtained from the Jiaolong cold seep in the South China Sea. The small metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) contained all the essential pathways for methane oxidization and carbon dioxide fixation. All genes related to nitrate and sulfate reduction were absent from the MAGs, indicating their syntrophic dependence on partner organisms. Aside from acetate secretion and sugar storage, propanoate synthesis pathway, as an alternative novel carbon flow, was identified in all the MAGs and transcriptionally active. Regarding type-specific features of the MAGs, the genes encoding archaellum and bacteria-derived chemotaxis were specific to ANME-2, perhaps for fitness under fluctuation of methane and sulfate concentration flux. Our genomic and transcriptomic results strongly suggested that ANME could carry out simple carbon metabolism from C1 assimilation to C3 biosynthesis in the SCS cold seep, which casts light on a novel approach for synthetic biology.
Internet (Un)Immunity: Where Does China Stand?
Authors: HUANG Jie (Jeanne) 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on Internet intermediaries’ civil liabilities for contents produced by third parties. By comparing Chinese law with the laws of the US and EU, it argues that the US law grants broad civil immunity to Internet intermediaries, and the EU and China restrict civil immunity to intermediaries but in different ways. This is on account of how, in the US, Internet intermediaries enjoy civil immunity as long as they do not become content providers. In the EU, aside from mere conduit intermediaries, all other intermediaries are subject to the notice-and-take-down mechanism before enjoying civil immunity. In contrast, in China, even after an intermediary properly follows the notice-and-take-down mechanism, it may still be subject to civil liability under the Chinese Consumer Law. Further, this paper argues that the policy priority for the law for Internet intermediaries varies fundamentally in the three jurisdictions. The US law for intermediaries’ liability focuses on protecting freedom of speech. The EU emphasizes the protection of personal information as a fundamental human right. Contrastingly, Chinese policy priority is unclear. Consumer protection has boomed in public popularity and increasingly attracted the attentions of the legislature and judiciary in China. However, it is doubtable that the protection of consumers can provide a prevailing policy support for Chinese law in the same way as freedom of speech and the protection of personal information do under the laws of the US and the EU, respectively.
Chain of Survival in Industrial Emergencies and Industrial Disasters
Authors: Kaliaperumal Punidha , Kole Tamorish 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Chain of Survival in Industrial Emergencies and Disasters is similar to the cardiac arrest chain of survival of the American Heart Association (AHA) and the trauma chain of survival. It is a sequence of five inter-linked rings, which when practiced, decreases the mortality and morbidity in the concerned population. The first ring is Early Prevention, which should be a combined effort of healthcare professionals and industrial authorities. The second ring is Early Recognition. Industrial workers and surrounding communities should be equally trained in hazard and risk analysis along with vulnerability assessment. The third ring is Access to Care by the Early Response System, involving a universal emergency response number and early intervention by on-site trained medical professionals. This ring emphasizes the importance of a link with the surrounding communities, as they are the first responders and the front-line victims. The fourth ring is Early Advanced Care by EMS for transportation to hospitals or by Emergency Department personnel in referral hospitals. The fifth and the last ring is Early Rehabilitation, which includes integrated post emergency care, overall rehabilitation and early return to work. The key to successful implementation of Chain of Survival is to have identified components of care, training and quality monitoring. When practiced diligently, this could help prevent industrial disasters, and mitigate their harmful effects on occurrence.