bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modeling of Static and Rotordynamic Characteristics for Three Types of Helically Grooved Liquid Annular Seals
Authors: Li Zhigang , Fang Zhi , Li Jun , Feng Zhenping 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with numerical predictions of the leakage flowrates, drag power, and rotordynamic force coefficients for three types of helically grooved liquid annular seals, which include a liquid annular seal with helically grooved stator (GS/SR seal), one with helically grooved rotor (SS/GR seal), and one with helical grooves on stator and rotor (GS/GR seal). A novel transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based perturbation method was proposed for the predictions of the leakage flowrates, drag power, and rotordynamic force coefficients of helically grooved liquid annular seals. This method is based on the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solution with the mesh-deformation technique and the multiple reference frame theory. The time-varying fluid-induced forces acting on the rotor/stator surface were obtained as a response to the time-dependent perturbation of the seal stator surface with the periodic motion, based on the multiple-frequency elliptical-orbit stator whirling model. The frequency-independent rotordynamic force coefficients were determined using curve fit and fast Fourier transform (FFT) in the frequency domain. The CFD-based method was adequately validated by comparisons with the published experiment data of leakage flowrates and fluid response forces for three types of helically grooved liquid annular seals. Based on the transient CFD-based perturbation method, numerical results of the leakage flowrates, drag powers, and rotordynamic force coefficients were presented and compared for three types of helically grooved liquid annular seals at five rotational speeds (n = 0.5 krpm, 1.0 krpm, 2.0 krpm, 3.0 krpm, and 4.0 krpm), paying special attention to the effective stiffness coefficient and effective damping coefficient.
Assessing Sensorimotor Problems Via Bayesian Theory and Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Baca José , Martinez Juan , King Scott A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis work introduces a novel framework that combines Bayesian Statistics for motor control with a probabilistic graphical model to estimate sensorimotor problems. This problem is relevant because as we age, our motor skills tend to decay. A person with this type of problems finds difficult to perform even simple tasks such as walking, cooking, and driving. They become challenging activities due to the alterations to the motor control, which might lead to accidents or injuries. Therefore, the continuous assessment of the sensorimotor functions of a person could help in identifying potential problems at an early stage. This framework aims to provide a substantial estimation of the presence, or absence, of a sensorimotor problem over time. Our strategy is based on the integration of three main components, i.e., data collection during the execution of basic activities via mixed reality, estimation of coordination under uncertainty via Bayesian statistics, and the probability estimation of a sensorimotor problem at different instances of time via hidden Markov model (HMM).
A scenario-based assessment of the tsunami hazard in Palermo, northern Sicily, and the southern Tyrrhenian Sea
Authors: Dignan Jack , Micallef Aaron , Mueller Christof , Sulli Attilio , Zizzo Elisabetta , Spatola Daniele 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Palermo is a populous city situated on the northern coast of Sicily, bordered by the Tyrrhenian Sea. This central part of the Mediterranean Sea features dramatic bathymetry, numerous subaqueous landslides and is also the epicentre to many subaqueous earthquakes. As such, the region is an area prone to tsunamis. This investigation uses the Cornell Multi-Grid Coupled Tsunami (COMCOT) tsunami modelling package to simulate five near-field landslides, and five near-field earthquakes regarded as worst-case credible scenarios for Palermo. The seismic simulations produced waves on a very small scale, the largest being
c.
5 cm at its maximum height, and none of the earthquake-generated tsunami waves produced any measurable inundation. The landslide simulations produced larger waves ranging from 1.9 to 12 m in maximum height, two of which resulted in inundation in areas surrounding the Port of Palermo. Sensitivity analysis identified that fault width and dislocation as well as landslide-specific gravity did have significant influence over maximum wave height, inundation and maximum run-up wave height. There are methodological issues limiting the extent to which this study forms a comprehensive tsunami hazard assessment of Palermo, such as gaps in bathymetric data, computational restrictions and lack of a probabilistic element. These issues are counteracted by the fact that this study does serve as a robust first step in identifying that landslides in the region may produce larger tsunami waves than earthquakes, and that the directionality of mass movement is critical in landslide-driven tsunami propagation in the southern Tyrrhenian region.
Aeromagnetic modelling of Precambrian subsurface structures of the Tasiast area, NW Mauritania
Authors: Aïfa Tahar , Lo Khalidou 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The NW sector of Mauritania represents the Archaean province of the Reguibat Shield. It is mainly composed of the typical Archaean cratonic association of granitoid gneisses, greenstone belts and granites. The greenstone belts contain high mineral potential, mainly gold. This is particularly the case of the Chami Greenstone Belt, which hosts the large Tasiast gold mine. The gold deposits are hosted along a NS oriented shear zone with a surface of 70 × 15 km
2
.

In this study, a subsurface structural model is proposed based on the application of suitable computations on a high-resolution reduced-to-the-pole aeromagnetic anomaly map of the northern Chami area. Upward continuations, apparent magnetic susceptibility, directional derivatives, analytical signal, 3D Euler deconvolution and spectral analyses were performed to build this model. They were used to decipher the main evidenced structural features with the main NNE–SSW, NW–SE and ∼120° N directions, identified on most all computed maps combined with
in situ
measurements. They probably correspond to mafic dykes, faults and shears rooted up to 5 km in depth, particularly to the north, SW and NE, and southwards and westwards by spectral analyses and 3D Euler deconvolution, respectively. The basement is deeper towards the west and south and crops out towards the NE in agreement with the geological observations. In addition, the high values of magnetic susceptibility (

χ
m

) measured
in situ
on banded iron formations (25.7–35 × 10
−3
SI) SW of Akjoujt could be the origin of metallotect sources associated with magnetic minerals for exploration of gold-bearing and base metals.
Cobalt–nickel–copper arsenide, sulfarsenide and sulfide mineralization in the Bou Azzer window, Anti-Atlas, Morocco: one century of multi-disciplinary and geological investigations, mineral exploration and mining
Authors: Ikenne Moha , Souhassou Mustapha , Saintilan Nicolas J. , Karfal AbdelHaq , Hassani Abdelfattah E. L. , Moundi Younes , Ousbih Mehdi , Ezzghoudi Mohamed , Zouhir Mohamed , Maacha Lhou 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The Bou Azzer mining district in the central part of the Anti-Atlas belt, Morocco, is renowned worldwide for its serpentinized Neoproterozoic ophiolitic complex that hosts peculiar cobalt-dominated and nickel-rich Co–Ni–Fe arsenide and sulfarsenide deposits with significant credits of gold and copper. The Bou Azzer central mine and its satellite deposits, which are spatially associated with serpentinite bodies and tectonically controlled, generally form breccias at the contact between serpentinites and more competent rock types (e.g. diorite) but may also comprise anastomosing vein and tension gashes networks rooted in the serpentinites and breaching into the competent rocks. A consensus on a genetic model for Bou Azzer has not been reached given the most controversial and still highly debated topics dealing with the absolute age of mineralization, and the identification of the source(s) of metals and arsenic. Here, within the geological framework of the Bou Azzer window and the geodynamic history in the Anti-Atlas, we summarize the key features of ore mineralogy, textures, paragenetic sequence and district-scale metal zonation. Using knowledge based on the current state of research – until high-precision and robust geochronological data are produced and permit a refinement of the genetic model – the key parameters for the origin of the Bou Azzer ores are: (1) arsenides of Ni and Co, which are followed by Co–Ni-sulfarsenides and Cu-sulfides, initiating a sequence of mineralization with precipitation controlled by the parameters mentioned in (2)–(4); (2) hydrothermal high salinity fluids (>30 wt% total salt eq.) fostering leaching of Co and Ni from debated source rocks and their transport as highly soluble chloride complexes; (3) dilution and cooling of those fluids from <320 to <200°C; (4) variable redox conditions that would control the progressive oxidation of As from the arsenide stage (As
1−
) to the sulfarsenide stage (As
3+
); (5) unlike Neoproterozoic metalliferous and As-rich black shales, serpentinites fail to convincingly stand as a robust source of As despite being a reasonable source rock for Ni and Co; (6) the controversial U–Pb and Sm–Nd dates of brannerite and carbonate, respectively, although arguing in favour of an Hercynian timing of mineralization, do not preclude the possibility of a primary Pan-African mineralization (<615 Ma) and/or at
c.
540 Ma, followed by remobilization of a pre-existing mineralization during Hercynian events.
On the nature of high-amplitude propagating pressure waves in the human colon
Authors: Milkova Natalija , Parsons Sean P. , Ratcliffe Elyanne , Huizinga Jan D. , Chen Ji-Hong 
Published: February 2020

Characterization of high-amplitude propagating pressure waves (HAPWs or HAPCs) plays a key role in diagnosis of colon dysmotility using any type of colonic manometry. With the introduction of high-resolution manometry, more insight is gained into this most prominent propulsive motor pattern. Here, we use a water-perfused catheter with 84 sensors with intervals between measuring points of 1 cm throughout the colon, for 6–8 h, in 19 healthy subjects. The catheter contained a balloon to evoke distention. We explored as stimuli a meal, balloon distention, oral prucalopride, and bisacodyl injection, with a goal to optimally evoke HAPWs. We developed a quantitative measure of HAPW activity, the “HAPW Index.” Our protocol elicited 290 HAPWs. 21% of HAPWs were confined to the proximal colon with an average amplitude of 75.3 ± 3.3 mmHg and an average HAPW Index of 440 ± 58 mmHg·m·s. 29% of HAPWs started in the proximal colon and ended in the transverse or descending colon, with an average amplitude of 87.9 ± 3.1 mmHg and an average HAPW Index of 3,344 ± 356 mmHg·m·s. Forty-nine percent of HAPWs started and ended in the transverse or descending colon with an average amplitude of 109.3 ± 3.3 mmHg and an average HAPW Index of 2,071 ± 195 mmHg·m·s. HAPWs with and without simultaneous pressure waves (SPWs) initiated the colo-anal reflex, often abolishing 100% of anal sphincter pressure. Rectal bisacodyl and proximal balloon distention were the most optimal stimuli to evoke HAPWs. These measures now allow for a confident diagnosis of abnormal motility in patients with colonic motor dysfunction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY High-amplitude propagating pressure waves (HAPWs) were characterized using 84 sensors throughout the entire colon in healthy subjects, taking note of site of origin, site of termination, amplitude, and velocity, and to identify optimal stimuli to evoke HAPWs. Three categories of HAPWs were identified, including the associated colo-anal reflex. Proximal balloon distention and rectal bisacodyl were recognized as reliable stimuli for evoking HAPWs, and a HAPW Index was devised to quantify this essential colonic motor pattern.
Oral Microbiome Profiling in Smokers with and without Head and Neck Cancer Reveals Variations Between Health and Disease
Authors: Sharma Ashok Kumar , DeBusk William T. , Stepanov Irina , Gomez Andres , Khariwala Samir S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
While smoking is inextricably linked to oral/head and neck cancer (HNSCC), only a small fraction of smokers develop HNSCC. Thus, we have sought to identify other factors, which may influence the development of HNSCC in smokers including microbiology. To determine microbial associations with HNSCC among tobacco users, we characterized oral microbiome composition in smokers with and without HNSCC. 16S rRNA MiSeq sequencing was used to examine the oral mucosa microbiome of 27 smokers with (cases) and 24 without HNSCC (controls). In addition, we correlated previously reported levels of DNA damage with the microbiome data. Smokers with HNSCC showed lower microbiome richness compared with controls (q = 0.012). Beta-diversity analyses, assessed as UniFrac (weighted and unweighted) and Bray–Curtis distances, showed significant differences in oral mucosal microbiome signatures between cases and controls (r2 = 0.03; P = 0.03) and higher interindividual microbiome heterogeneity in the former (q ≤ 0.01). Higher relative abundance of Stenotrophomonas and Comamonadaceae and predicted bacterial pathways mainly involved in xenobiotic and amine degradation were found in cases compared with controls. The latter, in contrast, exhibited higher abundance of common oral commensals and predicted sugar degradation pathways. Finally, levels of DNA damage in the oral cavity were correlated with the microbiome profiles above. Oral microbiome traits differ in smokers with and without HNSCC, potentially informing the risk of eventual HNSCC and shedding light into possible microbially mediated mechanisms of disease. These findings present data that may be useful in screening efforts for HNSCC among smokers who are unable to quit.
A Systematic Review on Cost-effectiveness Studies Evaluating Ovarian Cancer Early Detection and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Sroczynski Gaby , Gogollari Artemisa , Kuehne Felicitas , Hallsson Lára R. , Widschwendter Martin , Pashayan Nora , Siebert Uwe 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Ovarian cancer imposes a substantial health and economic burden. We systematically reviewed current health-economic evidence for ovarian cancer early detection or prevention strategies. Accordingly, we searched relevant databases for cost-effectiveness studies evaluating ovarian cancer early detection or prevention strategies. Study characteristics and results including quality-adjusted life years (QALY), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were summarized in standardized evidence tables. Economic results were transformed into 2017 Euros. The included studies (N = 33) evaluated ovarian cancer screening, risk-reducing interventions in women with heterogeneous cancer risks and genetic testing followed by risk-reducing interventions for mutation carriers. Multimodal screening with a risk-adjusted algorithm in postmenopausal women achieved ICERs of 9,800–81,400 Euros/QALY, depending on assumptions on mortality data extrapolation, costs, test performance, and screening frequency. Cost-effectiveness of risk-reducing surgery in mutation carriers ranged from cost-saving to 59,000 Euros/QALY. Genetic testing plus risk-reducing interventions for mutation carriers ranged from cost-saving to 54,000 Euros/QALY in women at increased mutation risk. Our findings suggest that preventive surgery and genetic testing plus preventive surgery in women at high risk for ovarian cancer can be considered effective and cost-effective. In postmenopausal women from the general population, multimodal screening using a risk-adjusted algorithm may be cost-effective.
Recurrence and Progression of Head and Neck Paragangliomas after Treatment
Authors: Contrera Kevin J. , Yong Valeda , Reddy Chandana A. , Liu Sara W. , Lorenz Robert R. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo characterize the recurrence of head and neck paragangliomas and the factors associated with disease progression after treatment.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsIn total, 173 adults with 189 paragangliomas (41.3% carotid body, 29.1% glomus jugulare, 19.0% glomus tympanicum, and 10.6% glomus vagale) treated between 1990 and 2010 were evaluated to determine the incidence and risk of recurrence using Cox proportional hazards.ResultsThe mean (SD) follow‐up duration was 8.6 (9.1) years. The incidence was 2.92 recurrences per 100 person‐years. The rate of recurrence was 8.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7‐12.7) after 4 years and 17.1% (95% CI, 10.2‐24.0) after 10 years. Glomus jugulare tumors were more likely to recur (hazard ratio [HR], 3.69; 95% CI, 1.70‐8.01; P <. 001) while carotid body tumors were less likely (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.21‐0.97; P =. 041). Radiation had a lower risk of recurrence or progression compared to surgical excision (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.10‐.94; P =. 040). Recurrence was associated with right‐sided paragangliomas (HR, 3.60; 95% CI, 1.63‐7.75; P =. 001). The median time to recurrence was 18.4 years. Six (3.2%) patients developed metastasis, which was more common with local recurrence (9.5% vs 1.4%, P =. 015).ConclusionsRecurrence is more common with glomus jugulare tumors and less common with carotid body tumors. Radiation may have a lower risk of recurrence or progression than surgery for some paraganglioma types. Metastasis is rare but more likely with recurrent disease. Surveillance neck imaging is recommended every several years for decades after treatment.
Recurrent thrombosis followed by Lazarus response in ROS1 rearranged NSCLC treated with crizotinib: a case report
Authors: Beninato Teresa , Lo Russo Giuseppe , Garassino Marina Chiara , De Braud Filippo , Platania Marco 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Patients with cancer have higher risk of thrombosis compared to the general population and particularly lung adenocarcinoma is considered at high risk for venous thromboembolism. Some targetable oncogenic drivers are supposed to further increase this risk. Case description: A 35-year-old man who had developed a recurrent venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism (PE) was diagnosed with ROS1 rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While molecular examinations were ongoing, he developed progressive respiratory failure. For PE and thrombosis worsening with detection of right heart thrombus, he underwent therapy with unfractionated heparin. Despite initial good radiologic results, only with the start of crizotinib did the patient’s clinical condition significantly improve to configure a Lazarus response. Conclusions: Cancer diagnosis should always be considered in patients with unprovoked thrombosis and, if NSCLC is diagnosed, genetic alterations should be always sought after. A possible relation between venous thromboembolism and oncogenic drivers, particularly for ALK translocations, has been hypothesized. Similarly to ALK-positive NSCLC, ROS1 rearranged disease has been associated with an increased thromboembolic risk. Further studies are needed to better evaluate this relation and to evaluate the potential benefit of a prophylactic anticoagulating treatment in this subset of patients.
The Short Pet in Pediatrics
Authors: Warady Bradley A. , Jennings Janelle 
Published: February 2020

Background The peritoneal equilibration test (PET) is a 4-hour procedure that is recommended to be performed in children receiving peritoneal dialysis to assist in prescription management. While a shortened version of the PET has been used in adults and reliably characterizes peritoneal membrane transport capacity, no similar experience with children has been reported. Methods Retrospective evaluation of 2-hour and 4-hour PET data obtained from 20 children receiving chronic peritoneal dialysis in a single center. Characterization of membrane transport capacity was based on evaluation of serum and dialysate samples used to determine the dialysate-to-plasma ratio (D/P) of creatinine and the ratio of dialysate glucose to baseline dialysate glucose (D/D0). Patient values were compared to pediatric reference data. Results In all 20 patients, characterization of peritoneal membrane transport capacity using 2-hour D/P and D/D0 results was identical to that determined using 4-hour data for the same solute. While the creatinine- and glucose-based characterization was discrepant in 14 of 20 patients, in only 1 case was the discrepancy of more than a single transport category. Conclusion These results support the accuracy of a short PET in children, a procedure that should prove beneficial in terms of patient and staff time.
The Effects of Colchicine on the Progression and Regression of Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis
Authors: Bozkurt Devrim , Bicak Selahattin , Sipahi Savas , Taskin Huseyin , Hur Ender , Ertilav Muhittin , Şen Sait , Duman Soner 
Published: February 2020

Background Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is an infrequent but extremely serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis. Fibrosis of the submesothelial compact zone and neoangiogenesis underlie the pathophysiology of EPS. Colchicine is a well-known anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic agent that has been used for some fibrosing clinical states, such as liver fibrosis. Objective To determine the antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of colchicine in an EPS rat model in both progression (P) and regression (R). Methods 48 nonuremic albino Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control group, 2 mL isotonic saline intraperitoneally (IP) daily for 3 weeks; CG group, IP injection of 2 mL/200 g chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) (0.1%) and ethanol (15%) dissolved in saline, daily for 3 weeks; resting group, CG (0 – 3 weeks) + peritoneal resting (4 – 6 weeks); C-R group, CG (0 – 3 weeks) + 1 mg/L colchicine (4 – 6 weeks); C-P group, CG (0 – 3 weeks) + 1 mg/L colchicine in drinking water (0 – 3 weeks). At the end, a 1-hour peritoneal equilibration test was performed with 25 mL 3.86% peritoneal dialysis solution. Dialysate-to-plasma ratio of urea (D/P urea), dialysate WBC count, ultrafiltration volume, and morphological changes of parietal peritoneum were examined. Result Exposure to CG for 3 weeks resulted in alterations in peritoneal transport (increased D/P urea, decreased ultrafiltration volume; p < 0.05) and morphology (increased inflammation, neovascularization, fibrosis, and peritoneal thickness; p < 0.05). Resting had some beneficial effects on peritoneal derangements; however, once the peritoneum had been stimulated, resting alone was not enough to reverse these pathological changes. Colchicine had more pronounced effects on membrane integrity via decreased inflammation, cell infiltration, and vascularity compared to the resting group. Conclusion We suggest that colchicine may have therapeutic value in the management of EPS.