bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contraceptive nonuse among women in Uganda: a comparative assessment of predictors across regions
Authors: Otim Jude 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Contraceptive nonuse has diverse effects on women, such as unintended pregnancies and births that result in high fertility and poor maternal health outcomes. In Uganda, knowledge on contraceptive use is high, amidst undesirably high contraceptive nonuse and scarce literature on predictors of contraceptive nonuse across regions. This study assessed factors associated with contraceptive nonuse among women of reproductive age across regions in Uganda.

Method
This study used data from a cross-sectional 2016 Uganda demographic and health survey that had 18,506 women of reproductive age. The relationship between contraceptive nonuse and socio-economic and demographic factors across regions were assessed using a binary multivariable logistic regression model.

Results
In Uganda, contraceptive nonuse is estimated at 40%. Northern region (55%) had the highest prevalence of contraceptive nonuse compared to Central region (35%) with the lowest. Across regions, wealth index, number of living children, educational level, and children born in the last 5 years prior to the demographic survey differently predicted contraceptive nonuse. Conversely, age, religion, age at first marriage, sexual autonomy, age at first birth, desire for children, listening to radio, and employment status were only predictors of contraceptive nonuse in particular regions amidst variations. Residence, perception of distance to health facility, watching television, and reading newspapers or magazines did not predict contraceptive nonuse.

Conclusions
The study findings propose the need to appreciate regional-variations in effect of contraceptive nonuse predictors and therefore, efforts should be directed towards addressing regional-variations so as to attain high contraceptive usage across regions, and thus reduce on unwanted pregnancies and births.
Evaluation of helping babies breathe and essential care for every baby training in southern nations nationalities and people’s region, Ethiopia: applying a Kirkpatrick training evaluation model
Authors: Gamtessa Lalisa Chewaka , Tiyare Firew Tiruneh , Kebede Kindie Mitiku 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this evaluation was to assess the effectiveness of helping baby breathe (HBB) and essential care for every baby (ECEB) training program that has been implemented in southern nations nationalities and people’s region (SNNPR), Ethiopia.

Result
The mean trainees’ satisfaction score was 32.88 (SD ± 2.68). The majority (93.88%) of the trainees scored ≥ mean. All trainees expressed that all parts of the training were important but the updated parts of the training were most useful to them. The mean knowledge score of trainees for HBB training increased from 64.42 (SD ± 17.43) before the training to 80.71 (SD ± 14.36) after the training. The increment was statistically significant at p < 0.001. For ECEB training, the mean knowledge score of the trainees was increased from 59.10 (SD ± 13.18) before the training to 73.73 (SD ± 14.17) after the training. The improvement was statistically significant at p < 0.001.
Lesion-to-background ratio threshold value of SUVmax of simultaneous [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI imaging in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Zhao Jing , Hamm Bernd , Brenner Winfried , Makowski Marcus R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to calculate an applicable relative ratio threshold value instead of the absolute threshold value for simultaneous 68Ga prostate-specific membrane antigen/positron emission tomography ([68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa).

Materials and methods
Our study evaluated thirty-two patients and 170 focal prostate lesions. Lesions are classified into groups according to Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS). Standardized uptake values maximum (SUVmax), corresponding lesion-to-background ratios (LBRs) of SUVmax, and LBR distributions of each group were measured based on regions of interest (ROI). We examined LBR with receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine threshold values for differentiation between multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-positive and mpMRI-negative lesions.

Results
We analyzed a total of 170 focal prostate lesions. Lesions number of PI-RADS 2 to 5 was 70, 16, 46, and 38. LBR of SUVmax of each PI-RADS scores was 1.5 (0.9, 2.4), 2.5 (1.6, 3.4), 3.7 (2.6, 4.8), and 6.7 (3.5, 12.7). Based on an optimal threshold ratio of 2.5 to be exceeded, lesions could be classified into MRI-positive lesion on [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET with a sensitivity of 85.2%, a specificity of 72.0%, with the corresponding area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.83, p < 0.001. This value matches the imaging findings better.

Conclusion
The ratio threshold value of SUVmax, LBR, has improved clinical and research applicability compared with the absolute value of SUVmax. A higher threshold value than the background’s uptake can dovetail the imaging findings on MRI better. It reduces the bias from using absolute background uptake value as the threshold value.
Pretreatment with probiotics ameliorate gut health and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens, a substitute to antibiotics
Authors: Rajput Danish Sharafat , Zeng Dong , Khalique Abdul , Rajput Samia Sharafat , Wang Hesong , Zhao Ying , Sun Ning , Ni Xueqin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNecrotic enteritis (NE) is being considered as one of the most important intestinal diseases in the recent poultry production systems, which causes huge economic losses globally. NE is caused by Clostridium perfringens, a pathogenic bacterium, and normal resident of the intestinal microflora of healthy broiler chickens. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chicken is considered as the most integral part of pathogen’s entrance, their production and disease prevention. Interaction between C. perfringens and other pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella present in the small intestine may contribute to the development of NE in broiler chickens. The antibiotic therapy was used to treat the NE; however European Union has imposed a strict ban due to the negative implications of drug resistance. Moreover, antibiotic growth promoters cause adverse effects on human health as results of withdrawal of antibiotic residues in the chicken meat. After restriction on use of antibiotics, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the alternatives to antibiotics for controlling NE. Thus, possible alternatives to prevent NE are bio-therapeutic agents (Probiotics), prebiotics, organic acids and essential oils which help in nutrients digestion, immunity enhancement and overall broiler performance. Recently, probiotics are extensively used alternatives to antibiotics for improving host health status and making them efficient in production. The aim of review is to describe a replacement to antibiotics by using different microbial strains as probiotics such as bacteria and yeasts etc. having bacteriostatic properties which inhibit growth of pathogens and neutralize the toxins by different modes of action.
What evidence exists on conservation actions to conserve insects? A protocol for a systematic map of literature reviews
Authors: Haddaway Neal R. , Grames Eliza M. , Boyes Douglas H. , Saunders Manu E. , Taylor Nigel G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundInsects play a central role in the functioning of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and contribute to a multitude of ecosystem services in managed and unmanaged systems Even local declines of insect abundance and richness can have enormous ecological and economic consequences. Evidence-informed conservation actions are essential to prevent potential cascading consequences of insect declines, and to help declining populations recover. Policy-makers rely on syntheses of primary research, such as reviews and meta-analyses, when making decisions about which conservation actions to implement. These evidence reviews vary in their quality, and do not necessarily synthesise the full range of scientific evidence found in the primary literature, which hampers decision-making. This evidence review map will identify, catalogue, and describe evidence reviews that investigate actions and policies to conserve insect biodiversity. This will help policy makers identify relevant reviews and researchers to identify synthesis gaps. It will also generate a list of conservation actions which can feed into future synthesis projects. We will produce an interactive database of evidence reviews, acting as a bibliography for policy-makers, curate a list of insect conservation actions that have been reviewed, and identify synthesis gaps for conservation actions that have not been reviewed.MethodsWe will search for evidence reviews across seven large, generic bibliographic databases, a database of environmental reviews, and five grey literature resources using a search string consisting of an insect substring, a biodiversity or population response substring, an evidence synthesis substring, and a conservation substring. The results will be deduplicated and then screened at title and abstract (concurrently) and full text levels against predefined inclusion criteria. We will initially perform consistency checking on a subset of records at each level to ensure the inclusion criteria are sufficiently clear and understood by multiple reviewers. We will extract a suite of descriptive meta-data from relevant reviews, including a description of the action and information on each review’s focal taxa, biomes, and locations. If resources allow, we will apply the CEESAT critical appraisal tool for evidence reviews to assess validity of individual records and the evidence base as a whole. We will summarise our findings in an interactive database of reviews and other visualisations, including evidence atlases and heat maps (cross tabulations of the volume of evidence across two categorical variables). The findings of the evidence review map will support the identification of synthesis gaps and clusters that may warrant further attention through secondary research.
Poly-herbal tablet formulation by design expert tool and in vitro anti-lipase activity
Authors: Balekundri Amruta , Shahapuri Amit , Patil Mrityunjaya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Traditional medicine being ethnic is preferred worldwide even in these modern days. Obesity is a lifestyle disorder. Many chemically synthesized medicines are available. Poly-herbal medicines can be one of the safest alternatives with less side effects in treating obese patients.

Results
The in vitro anti-lipase activity was carried out for a different concentration. The formulation of the poly-herbal tablets was designed using the Design Expert software. The pre-compression and post-compression studies show that the formulation F6 showed better results of all the formulations designed. Stability study results showed that the poly-herbal tablets were stable throughout the studies.

Conclusion
The results show that F6 is the better formulation based on the tablet evaluation, and all the extracts showed inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase indicating its active role in the treatment of obesity.
Inter-site and interpersonal diversity of salivary and tongue microbiomes, and the effect of oral care tablets
Authors: Maruyama Hugo , Masago Ayako , Nambu Takayuki , Mashimo Chiho , Takahashi Kazuya , Okinaga Toshinori 
Published: December 2020

Background: Oral microbiota has been linked to both health and disease. Specifically, tongue-coating microbiota has been implicated in aspiration pneumonia and halitosis. Approaches altering one's oral microbiota have the potential to improve oral health and prevent diseases. Methods: Here, we designed a study that allows simultaneous monitoring of the salivary and tongue microbiomes during an intervention on the oral microbiota. We applied this study design to evaluate the effect of single-day use of oral care tablets on the oral microbiome of 10 healthy individuals. Tablets with or without actinidin, a protease that reduces biofilm formation in vitro, were tested. Results: Alpha diversity in the saliva was higher than that on the tongue without the intervention. The core operational taxonomic units (OTUs) common to both sites were identified. The salivary and tongue microbiomes of one individual tended to be more similar to one another than to those of other individuals. The tablets did not affect the alpha or beta diversity of the oral microbiome, nor the abundance of specific bacterial species. Conclusions: While the salivary and tongue microbiomes differ significantly in terms of bacterial composition, they show inter- rather than intra-individual diversity. A one-day usage of oral care tablets did not alter the salivary or tongue microbiomes of healthy adults. Whether the use of oral tablets for a longer period on healthy people or people with greater tongue coating accumulation shifts their oral microbiome needs to be investigated.
a captura será aquática, em cinco movimentos
Authors: Germano Mariane 
Published: December 2020

Série fotográfica de um movimento fragmentado. A decupagem da captura do pescador em metalinguagem com a captura fotográfica. Formam um par complementar a complexidade de aprisionar na água e a de capturar um fragmento de tempo através da fotografia. O movimento como dança, dividido em cinco movimentos, como uma composição musical clássica.
OS GERAIZEIROS E OS USOS DO TERRITÓRIO E A SOCIOBIODIVERSIDADE EM BURITIZEIRO-MG
Authors: Inácio Jaqueline Borges , Santos Rosselvelt José 
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar como ocorre nos lugares os diferentes usos do território no município de Buritizeiro na área delimitada para implantação da Reserva Extrativista Serra do Alemão. Ao tratarmos de processos amplos discutimos a importância da sociobiodiversidade do Cerrado na região Norte de Minas Gerais, principalmente em espaços comunitários. As informações foram obtidas a partir de trabalho de campo em duas comunidades rurais que estão situadas na área delimitada. Nas comunidades Gerais do Calixto e Lança 1 dialogamos demoradamente com os sujeitos locais obtendo descrições detalhadas das suas práticas sociais, das paisagens, dos seus modos de vida, de suas lutas e mobilizações para se manterem como populações tradicionais e extrativistas. A luta em defesa do território foi narrada como repleta de estratégias sociais para permanecerem dilatando suas experiências. O uso do território requisitado a ser RESEX pelos geraizeiros, além de ser uma forma de resistência é nos lugares que eles criam e também recriam ciências sobre formas, conteúdos e estruturas sociais objetivando garantir a vida em suas várias dimensões.
Linear In-Plane Elasticity of a Polygon Honeycomb Core with Zero Poisson’s Ratio
Authors: Feng Ning , Yan Jie , Feng Zhiyong , Lin Xinjian , Zhang Tong , Li Jian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper reports a zero Poisson’s ratio honeycomb core with a polygon shape. Compared with the traditional hexagonal honeycomb, a unit cell of the proposed polygon honeycomb core was modified. As it turns out, this variation results in great mechanical property diversity of variable in-plane elasticity as compared with the traditional hexagonal honeycomb. The elastic constants were investigated via theoretical approach, and finite element (FE) models were conducted to verify the theoretical results. The developed theoretical models for calculating the in-plane elastic modulus are based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theorem and energy principle. A topological analysis of the polygon honeycomb core was conducted to classify the changing geometry into three styles. The in-plane elastic modulus derived from the FE results showed a very high similarity to the theoretical calculation in the three changing geometry styles. The theoretical results of the in-plane elastic modulus are able to capture the changing trend in the whole geometry.
Queilitis actínica: protectores de rayos ultravioleta que previenen la progresión maligna. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Madrid Bellio Tomas , Jiménez Batista Elio , Harris Ricardo Jonathan , Carmona Lorduy Martha 
Published: December 2020

La queilitis actínica es considerada un desorden potencialmente maligno, originado por la exposición excesiva y prolongada al sol, afecta el borde bermellón y la semimucosa labial, siendo la pérdida de definición entre el borde bermellón y la porción cutánea del labio, una característica clínica comúnmente encontrada. Puede presentarse de diversas formas, como placa blanca, erosión y úlceras. El grupo de riesgo está representado por personas entre la cuarta y sexta década de vida, con fototipo I y II de Fitzpatrick, dedicadas a trabajar al aire libre como agricultores, obreros, pescadores, etc. Histológicamente, la queilitis actínica presenta alteraciones epiteliales que pueden dar origen a un carcinoma de células escamosas, si el diagnóstico y tratamiento no son oportunos. El odontólogo es un pilar importante en el diagnostico precoz y en la prevención de transformación maligna de esta patología, que cada vez es más común. Se presenta el reporte de un caso de un paciente masculino diagnosticado con queilitis actínica, se describen los aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos, factores de riesgo y manejo conservador con uso tópico de protector labial con factores de protección solar y evaluación clínica periódica para evitar la progresión maligna.
Performance of adsorptive heat-moisture regenerator
Authors: Belyanovskaya Elena , Lytovchenko Roman , Sukhyy Kostyantyn , Sukhyy Mikhaylo , Gubynskyi Mykhailo , Sykha Irina 
Published: December 2020

The performance of the adsorptive heat-moisture regenerators based on the composite materials ‘silica gel - sodium acetate’ and ‘silica gel – sodium sulphate’ have been studied. The mathematical model and algorithm for determining the basic operating parameters of adsorptive regenerator in the housing and communal services sector have been further developed. The proposed algorithm which involves calculating the air volume passed through the adsorbent layer, the final absolute humidity of air near the outlet from the regenerator, the adsorption and the heat of adsorption during inflow and outflow, the final temperature of the external cold air, the air temperature after mixing the cold external air and the internal warm air in the room near the warm end of the regenerator during inflow, the air temperature after mixing of the cold external air and the warm exhaust air from the premise near the cold end of regenerator during outflow, determining the temperature and moisture efficiency factors has been completed by computing the Reynolds criterion of the adsorbent layer, the coefficient of the hydraulic resistance, the pressure loss, the consumed power of ventilator, summarized adsorption and time to achieve maximal adsorption . The adequacy of suggested mathematical model is confirmed by sufficient correlation of experimental data and calculation results with the proposed algorithm. The performance of adsorptive regenerators based on the adsorbents ‘silica gel – CH3COONa’ and ‘silica gel – Na2SO4’ has been simulated in the conditions of the conventional ventilation system of living quarters. The efficiency of adsorptive regenerators has been compared when ‘silica gel – CH3COONa’ and ‘silica gel – Na2SO4’ used. The correlation of design and efficiency of adsorptive regenerators is shown.
Дослідження термодинаміки адсорбції ортофосфорної кислоти природним цеолітом у статичних умовах
Authors: Сабадаш Віра Василівна , Гумницький Ярослав Михайлович 
Published: December 2020

В роботі приведено результати досліджень термодинаміки процесу адсорбції фосфатів з модельного розчину ортофосфорної кислоти в статичних умовах. Досліджено зміну рН розчинів фосфатів у процесі адсорбції. Адсорбцію фосфатів було описано ізотермами Фрейндліха та Ленгмюра із R2>0.9. Встановлено, що ізотерму адсорбції ортофосфорної кислоти можна описати ізотермою БЕТ (Брунауера, Еммета і Теллера). Параметри рівняння БET для процесу адсорбції фосфату цеолітом наступні: 1/(amK)=0.0196; (K-1)/( amK)=0.3304; К=0.99352416; максимальне значення адсорбційної здатності на фосфатах у полімолекулярному шарі am = 51,35296. Термогравіметричним методом досліджено цеоліт до та після адсорбції фосфатів. В роботі представлено дериватограми досліджуваних зразків природного цеоліту та зразка після адсорбції ортофосфорної кислоти з 10% розчину. Нами проведено розрахунки термодинамічних параметрів реакцій які можливі під час адсорбції фосфатів з концентрованих розчинів ортофосфорної кислоти природним цеолітом. Постановка питання полягала у встановленні імовірності утворення поліфосфату, який було ідентифіковано за значенням температури фазового переходу на термограмі як натрію трифосфат. Приведено реакції взаємодії фосфатів з поверхнаю цеоліту. Приведено розрахунки термодинамічних параметрів для різних варіантів проходження реакцій взаємодії фосфатів з цеолітовою матрицею. Встановлено найбільш імовірну схему взаємодії згідно значень ізобарно-ізотермічного потенціалу. Розраховано термодинамічні параметри даних реакцій. Встановлено, що хемосорбція фосфатіону та утворення полі фосфату в порах сорбенту є спонтанною реакцією. Для даної реакції за температури t=298 ºK ізобарно-ізотермічний потенціал становив ΔG=-1202.91 , кДж / моль, зміна ентропії DS°298=0.397 кДж / (моль K), зміна ентальпії DH°298=-1084.6 кДж / моль.
Nephroprotective effect of soy (Glycine Max (L.) Merr.) flour against diazinon-induced renal toxicity in rats
Authors: Wisudanti Desie Dwi , Normasari Rena , Herdiyana Firman 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundDiazinon is a widely used pesticide to eradicate agricultural pests globally with the potential to cause harmful effects on humans by generating free radicals and depleting endogenous antioxidants. Soy flour possesses high antioxidant effect. This study evaluated the nephroprotective effect of soy flour on diazinon-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. MethodsAn experimental laboratory study was carried out involving 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of 6 rats. The normal control (Kn) and the negative control (K-) groups received normal saline, the treatment groups (K1, K2, K3) received 10%, 15%, and 20% soy flour in distilled water, respectively, on day 1 to day 28. Subsequently, for five days, all groups received diazinon 40 mg/kg, except for the normal control group. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were measured at the end of the study. The Kruskal Wallis test with the post hoc Mann Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. ResultsBlood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were lower in all treatment groups (K1, K2, K3) compared to the negative control group (K-), while the K3 level was the lowest (24.28 ± 1.56 mg/dL and 0.93 ± 0.14 mg/dL). There was a significant decrease in BUN and creatinine levels in the experimental rats of the 15% and 20% soy flour groups (K2, K3) compared to the negative control group (K-).ConclusionAdministration of soy flour (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) had a nephroprotective effect in preventing increases in BUN and creatinine levels of diazinon-induced nephrotoxic male Wistar rats.