bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Researching Bears Ears: reference practice for civic engagement
Authors: Brunvand Amy 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to describe practical, generalizable competencies for reference librarians to promote civic engagement and social justice while assisting with politicized queries.

Design/methodology/approach
Working through an example of tension between land development and protection of an indigenous sacred place illustrates reference strategies that model an ideally inclusive community dialogue.

Findings
To promote civic engagement, librarians have a role to teach basic civics and to help identify opportunities for public comments and other “leverage points” in a system. An information trail for civic engagement is generated though an interaction between government planning, industry lobbying and citizen activism; it is supported by online and gray literature sources that typically fall outside of typical library collections and databases. A way to grapple with contentious and distorting political claims is to model ideal stakeholder inclusivity, a strategy that also helps to bring marginalized voices into the civic dialogue. Sources from the humanities express cultural and spiritual considerations that are absent from typical political discourse.

Research limitations/implications
Strategies are based on experience as a staff writer for a community magazine.

Practical implications
Specific strategies and competencies promote civic engagement during the time period allowed by a typical extended reference dialogue.

Social implications
An overly sunny view of community problem-solving glosses over some messy realities. To promote civic engagement, librarians must develop competencies to help citizens grapple with marginalization and distorting claims.

Originality/value
Calls to promote civic engagement and social justice in libraries require librarians to develop new competencies. Working through a case study illustrates specific knowledge and reference practices that support strong democracy.
Economic assessment of special events: a perspective article
Authors: Dwyer Larry 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to provide a perspective on the economic assessment of special events.

Design/methodology/approach
Three main approaches to the economic evaluation of special events are distinguished. These are: standard economic impact analysis, computable general equilibrium modelling, and cost benefit analysis. An historical account of the use of these approaches is given together with a discussion of the advantages and limitations of each.

Findings
An important conclusion is that the evaluation of special events should go beyond economic impact analysis in favour of a more comprehensive “hybrid” assessment.

Originality/value
The paper puts event evaluation into perspective and points to a promising future direction of study. An expected outcome of the use of hybrid models is a narrowing of the divide between practitioners and theorists regarding best practice event evaluation to the benefit of all stakeholders.
Turning off low and high currents in a transmitter loop used in the transient electromagnetic method
Authors: Kozhevnikov Nikolai O. , Sharlov Maxim V. , Stefanenko Sergei M. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIn near‐surface transient electromagnetic studies, it is desirable to measure the transient response starting from the earliest possible time. This requires the current in the transmitter loop to be switched off quickly, which necessitates working with a low transmitter current. As for deep‐target transient electromagnetic studies, the transmitter current is as high as possible. The transmitter current's turn‐off waveform and total duration affect the transient voltage response, especially at early times, which is to be accounted for when interpreting transient electromagnetic data. This article discusses the difference in switching off low and high current in a horizontal loop used as the source of the primary magnetic field in the transient electromagnetic method. Low and high currents are turned off in fundamentally different ways. When the current to be switched off is low, the loop can be represented as a symmetric combination of two transmission lines grounded at the middle of the loop perimeter. Such a representation of a loop allows calculating the current turn‐off waveform at any point of the loop. The waveform and total duration of switching off a low current does not depend on its magnitude, but is determined by the period of natural oscillations of the current in the loop and the resistance of a shunting resistor. Switching off a low current in a loop can be represented as the sum of stepped current waves travelling along the loop wire. As a consequence, the current at different points of the loop perimeter is turned off at different times. In contrast to a low current, a high current is switched off linearly in time and synchronously at all points of the loop perimeter. The wave phenomena appear only at the very beginning of the current shutdown for a time interval that is much less than the total current turn‐off duration. Presentation of the loop using a simple lumped‐circuit model predicts the waveform and duration of the high current turn‐off that coincide with the measured ones. There are two reasons why the article may be of interest to those engaged in the theory and/or practice of electromagnetic geophysical methods. First, it contributes to a general understanding of how the current in the transmitter loop is turned off. Second, the article shows how the parameters of a transmitter loop determine the current turn‐off duration and thus the minimum depth of the transient electromagnetic sounding method.
Intergenerational Transmission of Body Mass and Obesity Status in Australia
Authors: James Adrian , Mendolia Silvia , Paloyo Alfredo R. 
Published: February 2020

We estimate the intergenerational transmission of the body‐mass index (BMI) and obesity status using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. The intergenerational elasticity of BMI between mother and adolescent is 0.242, which is consistent with estimates from other countries. Controlling for adolescent‐specific fixed effects reduces the estimated elasticity to 0.043. This suggests that genetics and the permanent environment may explain much of the observed persistence of BMI across generations. Adolescents in Australia whose mothers are obese are expected to have an increased probability of being obese themselves by 0.094 percentage points, where the adolescent obesity prevalence rate is 7.70 per cent. This intergenerational persistence in obesity status is much stronger when the mother is morbidly obese. The degree of intergenerational persistence of BMI and obesity status exhibits a socioeconomic gradient: the transmission is stronger among disadvantaged households than better‐off households. When coupled with prevailing socioeconomic disparities in obesity rates specifically and health status generally, this dynamic feature of Australian society may further contribute to the inequity in health outcomes in the future.
Patient perceptions of participation in emergency medicine research projects
Authors: de Tonnerre Erik J , Smith Jesse L , Spencer William S , Date Patrick A , Taylor David McD 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if ED research reflects patient expectations.MethodA cross‐sectional ED patient survey.ResultsThree hundred and nine (98.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 95.7–99.2) of 315 patients believed that ED research was important. Two hundred and twelve (68.4%, 95% CI 62.9–73.5) would welcome involvement, only 26 (8.4%, 95% CI 5.7–12.3) felt pressured to do so. Two hundred and thirty‐one (75.7%, 95% CI 70.5–80.4) and 279 (91.5%, 95% CI 87.6–94.3) believed consent was necessary for observational and experimental studies, respectively. One hundred and one (32.4%, 95% CI 27.3–37.9) disagreed with medical records being accessed without consent.ConclusionPatient expectations are not always consistent with current practice. The expectation of consent prior to record access is worthy of further consideration.
Antioxidant activities of mamao luang (Antidesma thwaitesianum Müll. Arg.) fruit: Extraction and application in raw chicken patties
Authors: Chinprahast Ninnart , Boonying Jirapat , Popuang Nuntanut 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExtraction of mamao luang (hereafter called mamao) with different solvents and varying solid to liquid (S:L) ratio was conducted to verify its antioxidant activities. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content, total monomeric anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activities, namely, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the unrefined extracts, were analyzed. The extraction with 70% acetone and 70% methanol and the S:L ratio of 1:30 seemed to be more appropriate and gave significantly (P < 0.05) higher values of the previously mentioned properties. Whole ground fruits were then incorporated into the blended chicken patties to compare their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). During refrigeration storage of 20 days, the highest level (1,000 mg TPC/kg meat) could retard lipid oxidation relatively comparable to the efficiency of BHA (200 ppm). However, when microbiological aspect was considered together, a limited storage of 12 days was consequently suggested.Practical ApplicationMamao fruit is a splendid source of phenolic compounds. The antioxidant properties have been demonstrated using DPPH and FRAP assay. The suitable type of solvent and S:L ratio were provided for the extraction. Our findings have shown that addition of mamao, a source of natural antioxidants, especially at the highest level increased oxidative stability of chicken patties. The research outcomes identify the potential bioactive compound and provide beneficial information related to the feasibility of incorporation of mamao phenolics as antioxidant agents in suitable food matrices. However, further investigation is still required for successful application in meat and meat products.
An expanded CRISPRi toolbox for tunable control of gene expression in Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Batianis Christos , Kozaeva Ekaterina , Damalas Stamatios G. , Martín‐Pascual María , Volke Daniel C. , Nikel Pablo I. , Martins dos Santos Vitor A.P. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryOwing to its wide metabolic versatility and physiological robustness, together with amenability to genetic manipulations and high resistance to stressful conditions, Pseudomonas putida is increasingly becoming the organism of choice for a range of applications in both industrial and environmental applications. However, a range of applied synthetic biology and metabolic engineering approaches are still limited by the lack of specific genetic tools to effectively and efficiently regulate the expression of target genes. Here, we present a single‐plasmid CRISPR‐interference (CRISPRi) system expressing a nuclease‐deficient cas9 gene under the control of the inducible XylS/Pm expression system, along with the option of adopting constitutively expressed guide RNAs (either sgRNA or crRNA and tracrRNA). We showed that the system enables tunable, tightly controlled gene repression (up to 90%) of chromosomally expressed genes encoding fluorescent proteins, either individually or simultaneously. In addition, we demonstrate that this method allows for suppressing the expression of the essential genes pyrF and ftsZ, resulting in significantly low growth rates or morphological changes respectively. This versatile system expands the capabilities of the current CRISPRi toolbox for efficient, targeted and controllable manipulation of gene expression in P. putida.
The other side tells the story
Authors: Mathur Namit , Lau Kenneth K 
Published: February 2020

SummaryWe present a patient who presented to the emergency department with a bisphosphonate‐induced femoral fracture (BIFF). Clinical presentation, pathogenesis and management of BIFF are discussed. We also highlight the importance of imaging the contralateral femur, as these patients may need prophylactic surgical fixation of the contralateral femur.
Jurisdictional Competition in the International Financial System
Authors: Price Edward 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolicy makers, economic or otherwise, are increasingly interested in global trade. Largely, this is due to the advent of 21st century protectionism in the form of tariffs on goods, raw materials and concerns over proliferated intellectual property (IP). The same policy makers should, however, also study jurisdictional competition in the international financial system. This more subtle phenomenon entails examining how jurisdictions attempt a balancing act to gain positive net economic effects of financial capital via their financial regulation and economic policy.
Serum anti‐recoverin antibodies is found in elderly patients with retinitis pigmentosa and cancer
Authors: Sato Taimu , Nishiguchi Koji M. , Fujita Kosuke , Miya Fuyuki , Inoue Takashi , Sasaki Erika , Asano Toshifumi , Tsuda Satoru , Shiga Yukihiro , Kunikata Hiroshi , Nakazawa Mitsuru , Nakazawa Toru 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo screen for anti‐recoverin antibodies in elderly patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) with or without cancer and cross‐sectionally characterize the seropositive patients clinically.MethodsSerum from 75 RP patients who had been tested for mutations in a panel of 83 RP genes and 73 normal controls, all aged 50–80 years, were screened for anti‐recoverin antibodies by Western blot using recombinant recoverin, retinal lysate from a marmoset and commercial anti‐recoverin antibodies as a control.ResultsThree RP patients with typical pigmentary degeneration of the 75 (4.0%) were seropositive for anti‐recoverin antibody. Pathogenic mutations were identified in two seropositive RP patients. All three patients had visual impairment since childhood and were diagnosed as RP by the age of 30. The severity of the retinopathy varied greatly among these three patients, ranging in visual acuity from light perception OU to 20/30 OU. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients with a history of cancer were more likely to have anti‐recoverin antibodies (3/14; 21.4%) than those without (0/61; 0%; p = 0.005, Fischer exact test). All 73 healthy controls with no history of cancer were also seronegative.ConclusionOur results show that serum anti‐recoverin antibodies can be detected in typical RP patients with identified pathogenic mutations and that a history of cancer may increase the risk of developing anti‐recoverin antibodies.
Phospholipase Cζ (PLCζ) versus postacrosomal sheath WW domain‐binding protein (PAWP): Which molecule will survive as a sperm factor?
Authors: Nakai Michiko , Ito Junya , Suyama Ayumi , Kageyama Atsuko , Tobari Yasuko , Kashiwazaki Naomi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDuring mammalian fertilization, sperm is fused with the oocyte's membrane, triggering the resumption of meiosis from the metaphase II arrest, the extrusion of the second polar body, and the exocytosis of cortical granules; these events are collectively called 'oocyte activation.' In all species studied to date, the transient rise in the cytosolic level of calcium (in particular, the repeated calcium increases called 'calcium oscillations' in mammals) is required for these events. Researchers have focused on identifying the factor(s) that can induce calcium oscillations during fertilization. Sperm‐specific phospholipase C, i.e., PLC zeta (PLCζ), is a strong candidate of the factor(s), and several research groups using different species obtained evidence that PLCζ is a sperm factor that can induce calcium oscillations during fertilization. However, postacrosomal sheath Tryptophan‐Tryptophan (WW)—domain‐binding protein (PAWP) was recently shown to have a pivotal role in inducing calcium oscillations in some species. In this review, we focus on PLCζ and PAWP as sperm factors, and we discuss this controversy: Which of these two molecules survives as a sperm factor?
Deep learning computer vision algorithm for detecting kidney stone composition
Authors: Black Kristian M. , Law Hei , Aldoukhi Ali , Deng Jia , Ghani Khurshid R. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the recall of a deep learning (DL) method to automatically detect kidney stones composition from digital photographs of stones.Materials and MethodsA total of 63 human kidney stones of varied compositions were obtained from a stone laboratory including calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), uric acid (UA), magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MAPH/struvite), calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CHPD/brushite), and cystine stones. At least two images of the stones, both surface and inner core, were captured on a digital camera for all stones. A deep convolutional neural network (CNN), ResNet‐101 (ResNet, Microsoft), was applied as a multi‐class classification model, to each image. This model was assessed using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation with the primary outcome being network prediction recall.ResultsThe composition prediction recall for each composition was as follows: UA 94% (n = 17), COM 90% (n = 21), MAPH/struvite 86% (n = 7), cystine 75% (n = 4), CHPD/brushite 71% (n = 14). The overall weighted recall of the CNNs composition analysis was 85% for the entire cohort. Specificity and precision for each stone type were as follows: UA (97.83%, 94.12%), COM (97.62%, 95%), struvite (91.84%, 71.43%), cystine (98.31%, 75%), and brushite (96.43%, 75%).ConclusionDeep CNNs can be used to identify kidney stone composition from digital photographs with good recall. Future work is needed to see if DL can be used for detecting stone composition during digital endoscopy. This technology may enable integrated endoscopic and laser systems that automatically provide laser settings based on stone composition recognition with the goal to improve surgical efficiency.
Molecular characterization of Spanish patients with MECP2 duplication syndrome
Authors: Pascual‐Alonso Ainhoa , Blasco Laura , Vidal Silvia , Gean Esther , Rubio Patricia , O'Callaghan Mar , Martínez‐Monseny Antonio F. , Castells Alba Aina , Xiol Clara , Català Vicenç , Brandi Nuria , Pacheco Paola , Ros Carlota , del Campo Miguel , Guillén Encarna , Ibañez Salva , Sánchez María J. , Lapunzina Pablo , Nevado Julián , Santos Fernando , Lloveras Elisabet , Ortigoza‐Escobar Juan D. , Tejada María I. , Maortua Hiart , Martínez Francisco , Orellana Carmen , Roselló Mónica , Mesas María A. , Obón María , Plaja Alberto , Fernández‐Ramos Joaquín A. , Tizzano Eduardo , Marín Rosario , Peña‐Segura José L. , Alcántara Soledad , Armstrong Judith 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS) is an X‐linked neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a severe to profound intellectual disability, early onset hypotonia and diverse psycho‐motor and behavioural features. To date, fewer than 200 cases have been published. We report the clinical and molecular characterization of a Spanish MDS cohort that included 19 boys and 2 girls. Clinical suspicions were confirmed by array comparative genomic hybridization and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Using, a custom in‐house MLPA assay, we performed a thorough study of the minimal duplicated region, from which we concluded a complete duplication of both MECP2 and IRAK1 was necessary for a correct MDS diagnosis, as patients with partial MECP2 duplications lacked some typical clinical traits present in other MDS patients. In addition, the duplication location may be related to phenotypic severity. This observation may provide a new approach for genotype‐phenotype correlations, and thus more personalized genetic counselling.
Genetics of Wilson disease and Wilson‐like phenotype in a clinical series from eastern Spain
Authors: Sánchez‐Monteagudo Ana , Álvarez‐Sauco María , Sastre Isabel , Martínez‐Torres Irene , Lupo Vincenzo , Berenguer Marina , Espinós Carmen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by ATP7B mutations. Subjects with only one mutation may show clinical signs and individuals with biallelic changes may remain asymptomatic. We aimed to achieve a conclusive genetic diagnosis for 34 patients clinically diagnosed of WD. Genetic analysis comprised from analysis of exons to WES (whole exome sequencing), including promoter, introns, UTRs (untranslated regions), besides of study of large deletions/duplications by MLPA (multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification). Biallelic ATP7B mutations were identified in 30 patients, so that four patients were analyzed using WES. Two affected siblings resulted to be compound heterozygous for mutations in CCDC115, which is involved in a form of congenital disorder of glycosylation. In sum, the majority of patients with a WD phenotype carry ATP7B mutations. However, if genetic diagnosis is not achieved, additional genes should be considered because other disorders may mimic WD.
Natural history and genotype‐phenotype correlation of pantothenate kinase‐associated neurodegeneration
Authors: Chang Xuting , Zhang Jie , Jiang Yuwu , Wang Jingmin , Wu Ye 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate the natural history and genotype‐phenotype correlation of pantothenate kinase‐associated neurodegeneration.MethodsWe collected data of patients with PKAN by searching from available publications in English and Chinese. Patients diagnosed in our center (Peking University First Hospital) were also included. The difference in natural history and genotype between early‐onset (<10 year of age at onset) and late‐onset patients (≥10 year of age at onset) with PKAN was compared.ResultsA total of 248 patients were included. The median age at onset was 3.0 years in the early‐onset group and 18.0 years in the late‐onset group. Dystonia in lower limbs was the most common initial symptom in both groups. In the early‐onset group, the median interval between the disease onset and occurrence of oromandibular dystonia, generalized dystonia, loss of independent ambulance was 6.0 years, 5.0 years, and 5.0 years. The corresponding values in late‐onset group were 1.0 year, 4.0 years, and 6.0 years. About 20.0% died at median age of 12.5 years and 9.5 years after the onset in early‐onset group. About 2.0% of the late‐onset patients died during the follow‐up. A total of 176 mutations were identified. Patients carrying two null alleles in PANK2 showed significantly earlier age of disease onset and progressed more rapidly to loss of independent ambulance.ConclusionsThis study provided a comprehensive review on the natural history and genotype of 248 patients with PKAN. The results will serve as a historical control data for future clinical trial on PKAN.