bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fractal geometry of bronchial trees differs by strain in mice
Authors: Glenny Robb W. , Krueger Melissa , Bauer Christian , Beichel Reinhard R. 
Published: January 2020

Fractal biological structures are pervasive throughout the plant and animal kingdoms, with the mammalian lung being a quintessential example. The lung airway and vascular trees are generated during embryogenesis from a small set of building codes similar to Turing mechanisms that create robust trees ideally suited to their functions. Whereas the blood flow pattern generated by these fractal trees has been shown to be genetically determined, the geometry of the trees has not. We explored a newly established repository providing high-resolution bronchial trees from the four most commonly studied laboratory mice (B6C3F1, BALB/c, C57BL/6 and CD-1). The data fit a fractal model well for all animals with the fractal dimensions ranging from 1.54 to 1.67, indicating that the conducting airway of mice can be considered a self-similar and space-filling structure. We determined that the fractal dimensions of these airway trees differed by strain but not sex, reinforcing the concept that airway branching patterns are encoded within the DNA. The observations also highlight that future study design and interpretations may need to consider differences in airway geometry between mouse strains. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Similar to larger mammals such as humans, the geometries of the bronchial tree in mice are fractal structures that have repeating patterns from the trachea to the terminal branches. The airway geometries of the four most commonly studied mice are different and need to be considered when comparing results that employ different mouse strains. This variability in mouse airway geometries should be incorporated into computer models exploring toxicology and aerosol deposition in mouse models.
Mediated interaction in the digital age
Authors: Thompson John B. 
Published: January 2020

In The media and modernity, Thompson develops an interactional theory of communication media that distinguishes between three basic types of interaction: 1) face-to-face interaction, 2) mediated interaction, and 3) mediated quasi-interaction. In the light of the digital revolution and the growth of the internet, this paper introduces a fourth type: mediated online interaction. Drawing on Goffman’s distinction between front regions and back regions, Thompson shows how mediated quasi-interaction and mediated online interaction create new opportunities for the leakage of information and symbolic content from back regions into front regions, with consequences that can be embarrassing, damaging and, on occasion, hugely disruptive.
Em busca da emancipação dos brasileiros à mesa
Authors: Fonseca Gabrieli Aparecida da , Camoleze Jean Marcel Caum 
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho resulta de um recorte e união de duas pesquisas de doutorado intituladas O papel da informação no resgate da cultura alimentar brasileira: uma análise do catálogo Arca do Gosto e Movimentos sociais e Tipologia Documental: estudo de caso do acervo documental do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST). A partir da análise dos estudos de caso em questão, busca-se refletir aqui a respeito de um ponto comum a ambas pesquisas: a relação entre a defesa de políticas públicas voltadas para questão agrária, consumo e produção de alimentos por parte dos movimentos Slow Food e MST, valorizando a produção da agricultura familiar e o resgate de hábitos saudáveis e sustentáveis da alimentação brasileira.
Slow Food e MST atuam como importantes mediadores na área da alimentação, exercendo influência nos hábitos de consumo da população a partir do desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e uma agricultura sustentável. Trata-se de movimentos que pregam, entre outras coisas, a valorização da agricultura familiar para o desenvolvimento social e econômico do país. Nesse processo, o consumo se faz como um fator de extrema importância, pois é a partir dele que o circuito de produção se concretiza e integra diversos setores da sociedade. Contudo, na atualidade, os indivíduos se encontram presos às armadilhas da alienação da mídia e do agronegócio, que influenciam e regulamentam o mercado consumidor.
Em defesa da biodiversidade, da emancipação do consumidor e uma agricultura sustentável, o Slow Food trabalha com a Arca do Gosto, um catálogo promovido pelo movimento e que seleciona alimentos em risco de extinção a partir da indicação da população, com base em critérios pré-estabelecidos, e o MST realiza ações referentes a questões agrárias nacionais e da estruturação de políticas públicas para o uso social da terra. Nesse sentido, a Arca do Gosto trata de uma seleção de alimentos tradicionais em risco de desaparecer, que informa a população a respeito da importância desses alimentos, e o MST promove ações de acessibilidade universal a uma alimentação saudável. Dessa forma, ambos os movimentos fomentam a preservação da cultura local, a segurança alimentar, a salvaguarda da biodiversidade e estimulam o consumo dos mesmos e da agricultura familiar.
Em complemento ao alerta que a Arca do Gosto oferece à população em relação à neces- sidade de se consumir e proteger alimentos tradicionais, temos as ações do MST pela reforma agrária justa. O MST também age em direção à busca por um futuro onde cada um possa consumir o alimento de seu território. O respeito ao território tende a contribuir com a preservação dos hábitos alimentares, espécies e cultivares tradicionais, pois cada região possui seus modos de preparo e cada espécie/cultivar tem sua origem em um bioma distinto.
To Kitchen
Authors: Wajda Shirley Teresa 
Published: January 2020

The word kitchen has done as much work in the English language as the people who have toiled in the space the word names. The Bard himself, William Shakespeare, “verbed” the term in 1623, using kitchen to mean serving the food in the space in which it was prepared: “There is a fat friend at your master’s house, That kitchin’d me for you to day at dinner.” A century later, Scots used the term as a synonym for both pleasurable eating and frugality—for seasoning food and for budgeting and provisioning food beyond harvest. By the end of the nineteenth century, kitchening was interchangeable with cooking, food service, and the related work undertaken in this domestic production space.
Existing examinations of the American kitchen emphasize the architectural design of the space, often pointing to technological and energy innovations as factors for the space’s changing design over the centuries. Historians of women and labor also stress mechanization, arguing that the technologies touted as labor saving were, in reality, not—in many cases, new technology raised standards and increased women’s work. Understanding this, scholars have focused on women’s decisions about kitchen design and cookery, seeking evidence in diaries, letters, and recipes. Rising research interest in food studies has renewed scholarly attention to the kitchen and its contents and occupants, linking in interesting ways food, material culture, labor, and consumption.
In this presentation I discuss how attention to the material and visual evidence of American women’s kitchening, from making food to (re)modeling the workspace of the kitchen itself, improves our understanding of the history of the kitchen derived from prescriptive literature such as household manuals and home economics texts. I consider the related changes in domestic kitchens and American foodways in the United States since the 1840s, when the processes of industrialization shifted the ways Americans worked and ate. Last, I devote attention to the ways in which American museums have and continue to collect and display kitchen objects. Museums depicting preindustrial kitchens often feature cooking demonstrations utilizing the era’s tools and foodways or emphasize the dining experience, while museums with industrial and postindustrial collections display the kitchen and its mass-produced material culture as aesthetically delightful products of design divorced from the foods these objects help to prepare. I hope this presentation may elicit a discussion about what museums should be collecting to represent kitchening in the 21st century.
Investigation of Causal Effect of Atrial Fibrillation on Alzheimer Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Pan Yuesong , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun 
Published: January 2020

Background

Atrial fibrillation (
AF
) has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of dementia as well as Alzheimer disease in observational studies. Whether this association reflects causal association is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the causal association of
AF
with Alzheimer disease.

Methods and Results

We used a 2‐sample Mendelian randomization approach to evaluate the causal effect of
AF
on Alzheimer disease. Summary data on the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with
AF
were obtained from a recently published genome‐wide association study with up to 1 030 836 individuals and data on single nucleotide polymorphism‐Alzheimer disease association from another genome‐wide association study with up to 455 258 individuals.
AF
was mainly diagnosed according to
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision
(

ICD
‐9

or

ICD
‐10

) and Alzheimer disease was mainly diagnosed according to clinical criteria (eg, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association [
NINCDS
‐
ADRDA
] criteria). Effect estimates were calculated using the inverse‐variance weighted method. The Mendelian randomization analysis showed nonsignificant association of genetically predicted
AF
with risk of Alzheimer disease (odds ratio=1.002, 95% CI: 0.996–1.009,
P
=0.47) using 93 single nucleotide polymorphisms as the instruments. Mendelian randomization‐Egger indicated no evidence of genetic pleiotropy (intercept=0.0002, 95%
CI
: −0.001 to 0.001,
P
=0.70).

Conclusions
This Mendelian randomization analysis found no evidence to support causal association between AF and Alzheimer disease.
Brain Cleanup as a Potential Target for Poststroke Recovery
Authors: Ting Shun-Ming , Zhao Xiurong , Sun Guanghua , Obertas Lidiya , Ricote Mercedes , Aronowski Jaroslaw 
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose—
Phagocytic cells, such as microglia and blood-derived macrophages, are a key biological modality responsible for phagocytosis-mediated clearance of damaged, dead, or displaced cells that are compromised during senescence or pathological processes, including after stroke. This process of clearance is essential to eliminate the source of inflammation and to allow for optimal brain repair and functional recovery. Transcription factor, RXR (retinoic-X-receptor) is strongly implicated in phagocytic functions regulation, and as such could represent a novel target for brain recovery after stroke.

Methods—

Primary cultured microglia and bone marrow macrophages were used for phagocytic study. Mice with deleted RXR-α in myeloid phagocytes (Mac-RXR-α
−/−
) were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion to mimic ischemic stroke and then treated with RXR agonist bexarotene. RNA-sequencing and long-term recovery were evaluated.

Results—

Using cultured microglia, we demonstrated that the RXR-α promotes the phagocytic functions of microglia toward apoptotic neurons. Using mice with deleted RXR-α in myeloid phagocytes (Mac-RXR-α
−/−
), we have shown that despite behaving similarly to the control at early time points (up to 3 days, damage established histologically and behaviorally), these Mac-RXR-α
−/−
mice demonstrated worsened late functional recovery and developed brain atrophy that was larger in size than that seen in control mice. The RXR-α deficiency was associated with reduced expression of genes known to be under control of the prominent transcriptional RXR partner, PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor)-γ, as well as genes encoding for scavenger receptors and genes that signify microglia/macrophages polarization to a reparative phenotype. Finally, we demonstrated that the RXR agonist, bexarotene, administered as late as 1 day after middle cerebral artery occlusion, improved neurological recovery, and reduced the atrophy volume as assessed 28 days after stroke. Bexarotene did not improve outcome in Mac-RXR-α
−/−
mice.

Conclusions—
Altogether, these data suggest that phagocytic cells control poststroke recovery and that RXR in these cells represents an attractive target with exceptionally long therapeutic window.
Developing a real-time PCR assay for direct detection and quantification of Pratylenchus scribneri in field soil
Authors: Arora Deepika , Yan Guiping , Baidoo Richard 
Published: January 2020

Summary
The endomigratory root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus scribneri, is one of the major plant-parasitic nematodes infecting potato. Accurate identification and quantification of this nematode are essential to develop management strategies but microscopic observations are particularly challenging and time consuming. In this study, a SYBR Green I-based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed to detect and quantify P. scribneri from field soil DNA extracts. A primer set was designed from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the P. scribneri rDNA gene. Primer specificity to the target nematode was evaluated by both in silico analysis and qPCR and no detection or non-specific amplification was observed for other non-target nematode species/communities tested in this study. Standard curves were generated using DNA extracts from autoclaved soil infested with varying nematode numbers for calibration. The curves were supported by a high correlation between the P. scribneri numbers artificially added to soil or estimated from naturally infested field soils by traditional methods, and the numbers quantified using the qPCR assay. The assay was able to detect 1 out of 128 (0.0078) equivalents of the DNA of a single nematode in 0.5 g of soil. The qPCR assay developed in this study provides a specific and sensitive detection and quantification of P. scribneri from field soils and a rapid alternative to time-consuming traditional nematode identification and enumeration.
Eurasian Cooling Linked with Arctic Warming: Insights from PV Dynamics
Authors: Xie Yongkun , Wu Guoxiong , Liu Yimin , Huang Jianping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe three-dimensional connections between Eurasian cooling and Arctic warming since 1979 were investigated using potential vorticity (PV) dynamics. We found that Eurasian cooling can be regulated by Arctic warming through PV adaptation and PV advection. Here, PV adaptation refers to the adaptation of PV to forcing and coherent dynamic–thermodynamic adaptation to PV change. In a PV perspective, first, the anticyclonic circulation change over the Arctic is produced by a negative PV change through PV adaptation, in which the change means the linear trend from 1979 to 2017. The negative PV change is directly regulated by Arctic warming because the vertical structure of Arctic warming is stronger at lower levels, which generates a negative PV change through the diabatic heating effect. Second, the circulation change produces a change in horizontal PV advection due to the existence of climatological PV gradients. Thus, as a balanced result, both the circulation change and PV change extend to the midlatitudes through horizontal PV advection and PV adaptation. Eventually, Eurasian cooling at the surface and in the lower troposphere is dominated by PV changes at the surface through PV adaptation. Meanwhile, enhanced Eurasian cooling in the middle troposphere is dominated by top-down influences of upper-level PV change through PV adaptation. Nevertheless, the upper-level PV changes are still contributed to by horizontal PV advection associated with Arctic warming. Overall, the general dynamics connecting Eurasian cooling with Arctic warming are demonstrated in a PV view.
Teleconnection Processes Linking the Intensity of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability to the Climate Impacts over Europe in Boreal Winter
Authors: Qasmi Saïd , Cassou Christophe , Boé Julien 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe response of the European climate to the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) remains difficult to isolate in observations because of the presence of strong internal variability and anthropogenically forced signals. Using model sensitivity experiments proposed within the CMIP6/Decadal Climate Prediction Project Component C (DCPP-C) framework, the wintertime AMV–Europe teleconnection is here investigated in large ensembles of pacemaker-type simulations conducted with the CNRM-CM5 global circulation model. To evaluate the sensitivity of the model response to the AMV amplitude, twin experiments with the AMV forcing pattern multiplied by 2 and 3 (2xAMV and 3xAMV, respectively) are performed in complement to the reference ensemble (1xAMV). Based on a flow analog method, we show that the AMV-forced atmospheric circulation tends to cool down the European continent, whereas the residual signal, mostly including thermodynamical processes, contributes to warming. In 1xAMV, both terms cancel each other, explaining the overall weak AMV-forced atmospheric signal. In 2xAMV and 3xAMV, the thermodynamical contribution overcomes the dynamical cooling and is responsible for milder and wetter conditions found at large scale over Europe. The thermodynamical term includes the advection of warmer and more humid oceanic air penetrating inland and the modification of surface radiative fluxes linked to both altered cloudiness and snow-cover reduction acting as a positive feedback with the AMV amplitude. The dynamical anomalous circulation combines 1) a remote response to enhanced diabatic heating acting as a Rossby wave source in the western tropical Atlantic and 2) a local response associated with warmer SST over the subpolar gyre favoring an anomalous high. The extratropical influence is reinforced by polar amplification due to sea ice melting in all the subarctic seas. The weight between the tropical–extratropical processes and associated feedbacks is speculated to partly explain the nonlinear sensibility of the response to the AMV forcing amplitude, challenging thus the use of the so-called pattern-scaling technique to evaluate teleconnectivity and related impacts associated with decadal variability.
Revisiting Azimuthally Asymmetric Moist Instability in the Outer Core of Sheared Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Li Qingqing , Dai Yufan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study revisits the characteristics and physical processes of the azimuthally asymmetric distribution of moist instability in the outer core of vertically sheared tropical cyclones (TCs) using a numerical model. The results indicate that a downshear–upshear contrast in outer-core conditional instability occurs in the weakly sheared TCs, while an enhanced downshear-left–downshear-right difference is found in strongly sheared storms. Specifically, lower (higher) conditional instability arises downshear left (right) in the strongly sheared TCs. Downward transports of low-entropy air by convective and mesoscale downdrafts in principal rainbands reduce the equivalent potential temperature (θe) in the downshear-left boundary layer, contributing to lower convective available potential energy. Positive horizontal advection of both potential temperature and water vapor by the asymmetric outflow leads to a midlevel maximum of θe in the same quadrant. Hence, a positive θe vertical gradient (thus potential stability) is present in the downshear-left outer core. In the downshear-right quadrant, a lack of convective downdrafts, together with surface fluxes, leads to higher θe in the boundary layer. A dry intrusion is found at the middle to upper levels in the downshear-right outer core, and significant negative horizontal advection of water vapor produces low θe near the midtroposphere. A negative vertical gradient of θe (thus potential instability) in the outer core arises below the downshear-right midtroposphere. The presence of azimuthally asymmetric moist instability is expected to play an important role in fostering and maintaining azimuthally asymmetric convective activity in the outer core of TCs.
Wintertime Easterly and Southeasterly Airflow in the ‘Alenuihāhā Channel, Hawaii
Authors: Hitzl David Eugene , Chen Yi-Leng , Hsiao Feng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
During the wintertime, easterly (E) to southeasterly (SE) flow in the Hawaiian coastal waters is frequent. These wind regimes alter the location and magnitude of channel and tip jet accelerations and the orientation and horizontal extent of the wake zones from east-northeast (ENE) trade wind conditions. The differences are the result of changes in orographic blocking by the Big Island and Maui, with respect to the prevailing wind. During an E wind event, the fastest winds over the ‘Alenuihāhā Channel (&gt;9 m s−1) occur in the channel exit with sinking of the inversion, which rises again downstream. Although the upstream wind speed is similar to typical summer ENE trade winds (7–8 m s−1), the maximum channel wind speed is 3–4 m s−1 slower in the exit. The SE flow is characterized by maximum (~6 m s−1) northeasterly (NE) channel winds along Maui’s south shore and at the channel exit. These winds are the result of orographic blocking on the eastern end of Maui as the northwestern tail of a tip jet off the northeastern coast of the Big Island impinges on Mount Haleakalā. Channel wind speeds are modulated by the speed and direction of this tip jet, which itself varies diurnally and throughout the approach of a midlatitude cold front. Removal of the Big Island shows how the tip jet speed and orientation modulate the pressure gradients and winds in the ‘Alenuihāhā Channel. Removal of the Maui County terrain reveals the impact of orographic blocking on the occurrence of channel winds off Maui’s south shore.
Improved Predictability of the Indian Ocean Dipole Using a Stochastic Dynamical Model Compared to the North American Multimodel Ensemble Forecast
Authors: Zhao Sen , Stuecker Malte F. , Jin Fei-Fei , Feng Juan , Ren Hong-Li , Zhang Wenjun , Li Jianping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study assesses the predictive skill of eight North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) models in predicting the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). We find that the forecasted ensemble-mean IOD–El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) relationship deteriorates away from the observed relationship with increasing lead time, which might be one reason that limits the IOD predictive skill in coupled models. We are able to improve the IOD predictive skill using a recently developed stochastic dynamical model (SDM) forced by forecasted ENSO conditions. The results are consistent with the previous result that operational IOD predictability beyond persistence at lead times beyond one season is mostly controlled by ENSO predictability and the signal-to-noise ratio of the Indo-Pacific climate system. The multimodel ensemble (MME) investigated here is found to be of superior skill compared to each individual model at most lead times. Importantly, the skill of the SDM IOD predictions forced with forecasted ENSO conditions were either similar or better than those of the MME IOD forecasts. Moreover, the SDM forced with observed ENSO conditions exhibits significantly higher IOD prediction skill than the MME at longer lead times, suggesting the large potential skill increase that could be achieved by improving operational ENSO forecasts. We find that both cold and warm biases of the predicted Niño-3.4 index may cause false alarms of negative and positive IOD events, respectively, in NMME models. Many false alarms for IOD forecasts at lead times longer than one season in the original forecasts disappear or are significantly reduced in the SDM forced by forecasted ENSO conditions.