bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A global sea state dataset from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar wave mode data
Authors: Li Xiao-Ming , Huang BingQing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis dataset consists of integral sea state parameters of significant wave height (SWH) and mean wave period (zero-upcrossing mean wave period, MWP) data derived from the advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) onboard the ENVISAT satellite over its full life cycle (2002–2012) covering the global ocean. Both parameters are calibrated and validated against buoy data. A cross-validation between the ASAR SWH and radar altimeter (RA) data is also performed to ensure that the SAR-derived wave height data are of the same quality as the RA data. These data are stored in the standard NetCDF format, which are produced for each ASAR wave mode Level1B data provided by the European Space Agency. This is the first time that a full sea state product in terms of both the SWH and MWP has been derived from spaceborne SAR data over the global ocean for a decadal temporal scale.
Secondary extended mannan side chains and attachment of the arabinan in mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan
Authors: Angala Shiva K. , Li Wei , Boot Claudia M. , Jackson Mary , McNeil Michael R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is in an essential cell envelope lipopolysaccharide anchored both to the plasma and outer membranes. To understand critical biological questions such as the biosynthesis, spatial organization of LAM within the cell envelope, structural remodeling during growth, and display or lack of display of LAM-based antigenicity requires a basic understanding of the primary structure of the mannan, arabinan and how they are attached to each other. Herein, using enzymatic digestions and high-resolution mass spectrometry, we show that the arabinan component of LAM is attached at the non-reducing end of the mannan rather than to internal regions. Further, we show the presence of secondary extended mannan side chains attached to the internal mannan region. Such findings lead to a significant revision of the structure of LAM and lead to guidance of biosynthetic studies and to hypotheses of the role of LAM both in the periplasm and outside the cell as a fundamental part of the dynamic mycobacterial cell envelope.
NGC 2770: High supernova rate due to interaction
Authors: Michałowski Michał J. , Thöne Christina , de Ugarte Postigo Antonio , Hjorth Jens , Leśniewska Aleksandra , Gotkiewicz Natalia , Dimitrov Wojciech , Koprowski Maciej P. , Kamphuis Peter 
Published: August 2020

Context. Galaxies that hosted many core-collapse supernova (SN) explosions can be used to study the conditions necessary for the formation of massive stars. NGC 2770 was dubbed an SN factory because it hosted four core-collapse SNe in 20 years (three type Ib and one type IIn). Its star formation rate (SFR) was reported to not be enhanced and, therefore, not compatible with such a high SN rate.
Aims. We aim to explain the high SN rate of NGC 2770.
Methods. We used archival H I line data for NGC 2770 and reinterpreted the Hα and optical continuum data.
Results. Even though the continuum-based SFR indicators do not yield high values, the dust-corrected Hα luminosity implies a high SFR, consistent with the high SN rate. Such a disparity between the SFR estimators is an indication of recently enhanced star formation activity because the continuum indicators trace long timescales of the order of 100 Myr, unlike the line indicators, which trace timescales of the order of 10 Myr. Hence, the unique feature of NGC 2770 compared to other galaxies is the fact that it was observed very shortly after the enhancement of the SFR. It also has high dust extinction, E(B − V) above 1 mag. We provide support for the hypothesis that the increased SFR in NGC 2770 is due to the interaction with its companion galaxies. We report an H I bridge between NGC 2770 and its closest companion and the existence of a total of four companions within 100 kpc (one identified for the first time). There are no clear H I concentrations close to the positions of SNe in NGC 2770 such as those detected for hosts of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and broad-lined SNe type Ic (IcBL). This suggests that the progenitors of type Ib SNe are not born out of recently accreted atomic gas, as was suggested for GRB and IcBL SN progenitors.
Neue Erkenntnisse zur Pathogenese des SLE und ihre Auswirkungen auf
die Entwicklung neuer Therapie-Konzepte
Authors: Hiepe Falk 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungAutoantikörper sind essentiell in der Pathogenese des SLE. Sie sind das
Ergebnis einer Störung des erworbenen (adaptiven) Immunsystems mit
fehlender Toleranz gegen Selbst. Eine Typ-I Interferon-Signatur, die im
angeborenen (innaten) Immunsystem ihren Ursprung hat, ist ein wesentlicher
Treiber dieser Störung. Autoantikörper können sowohl von
kurzlebigen, proliferierenden Plasmablasten, die B-Zell-Hyperaktivität
widerspiegeln, als auch von langlebigen, nicht-proliferierenden
Gedächtnis-Plasmazellen sezerniert werden.
Gedächtnis-Plasmazellen, die in Nischen im Knochenmark und im
entzündeten Gewebe lokalisiert sind, lassen sich nicht durch
konventionelle Immunsuppressiva und Therapien mit B-Zellen als Target
eliminieren. Konzepte, die auf die Depletion von Gedächtnis-Plasmazellen
abzielen, können im Zusammenspiel mit Targets, die eine Aktivierung von
autoreaktiven B-Zellen verhindern, ein kuratives Potenzial haben.
A new neutron lifetime experiment with cold neutron beam decay in superfluid helium-4
Authors: Wei Wanchun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The puzzle remains in the large discrepancy between neutron lifetime measured by the two distinct experimental approaches—counts of beta decays in a neutron beam and storage of ultracold neutrons in a potential trap, namely, the beam method versus the bottle method. In this paper, we propose a new experiment to measure the neutron lifetime in a cold neutron (CN) beam with a sensitivity goal of 0.1% or sub-1 s. The neutron beta decays will be counted in a superfluid helium-4 scintillation detector at 0.5 K, and the neutron flux will be simultaneously monitored by the helium-3 captures in the same volume. The CN beam must be of wavelength λ > 16.5 Å to eliminate scattering with superfluid helium. A new precise measurement of neutron lifetime with the beam method of unique inherent systematic effects will greatly advance in resolving the puzzle.
Real time free fall investigation for educational purposes using
Arduino Uno board
Authors: El Hadi M , El Moussaouy A , Ouariach A , Essaadaoui R , Hachmi A , Laabidi K , Magrez H , Meziani Y M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The recent progress of intelligent electronic devices makes computer science,
electronic and information technology, highly related to teaching and learning
physics. The main question is how education can integrate this knowledge.
Methods and components of new technology are applicable for education also;
teachers and learners used the parts and tools which were manipulated only by
engineers. The popular Arduino board is a very good example that is practically
an industrial microcontroller whose pins are wired to easy-to-use connectors on
a printed circuit board. In this work, we have developed a simple Arduino-based
platform to support experimenting and understanding of some educational concepts
related to the free fall. The obtained data was automatically recorded using
Excel Data-Streamer. This platform is therefore useful as a learning tool which
offers students the possibility of verifying the value of the gravity intensity
‘g’, it can be also used in teaching/learning the concepts related
to free fall.
A distributed-parameter electromechanical coupling model for a piezoelectric energy harvester with variable curvature
Authors: Wang Biao , Li Zhongjie , Yang Zhengbao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Enabling technologies for harvesting ambient vibration energy have attracted considerable attention in research communities from different disciplines in the last decades. Among the various devices, straight cantilever-based energy harvesters have been widely investigated from the perspective of designs, modeling, simulation and experiments. In this study, we propose curved piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) with variable curvature to further broaden application scenarios. Within the framework of the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, we develop a distributed-parameter electromechanical coupling model for a curved segmented unimorph with variable curvature by Hamilton’s Principle and solve it using the Rayleigh–Ritz method. The convergence and accuracy of the model are validated by finite element simulation and experiments. Based on the proposed model, we perform a systematic parameter study and discuss the effects of the proof mass, Young’s modulus of the substrate, the thickness ratio of the substrate to the total thickness, the curvature of the substrate and the piezo patch on the mechanical and electrical responses of the structures. The theoretical model will help engineers to design and optimize new PEHs and serve as a benchmark solution for future research in this field.
Rules of non-superconducting phase particles on crack propagation in YBCO coated conductors fabricated by the IBAD-MOCVD
Authors: Shen Lei , Liu Cong , Zhang Xingyi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cracks caused by tensile stress in YBa2Cu3O7-x-coated conductors (YBCO-CCs) can cause irreversible degradation to their superconducting properties. Understanding the initiation and propagation modes of cracks can assist in preventing conductor failure and enhancing their mechanical properties in further. In this study, we used a chemical etching method and scanning electron microscopy to investigate crack morphology in the YBCO layer of conductors where the protective metal layer had been removed. For YBCO-CCs that experienced no deformation, many non-superconducting phase particles were observed and their grain size distribution corresponded to a Gaussian distribution. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy identified these as Y-Cu-O particles. For the YBCO-CCs that experienced axial tension at 77 K, different propagation modes of cracks in the YBCO layer, including transgranular fracture, branching, deflection and pinning were observed for the first time. Statistical analysis demonstrated that transgranular fracture occurred in ∼ 95% of the crack modes. We analysed the reason for this phenomenon considering the thermal stresses stored inside and around the non-superconducting phase particles. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the Y2Cu2O5 particles is less than that of the YBCO superconducting matrix, and therefore, the hoop tensile stress generated near the boundary of the Y2Cu2O5 particle accelerates the bottom-up propagation of the crack. The other crack propagation modes such as crack branching, deflection, pinning and bridging in the YBCO layer can be considered mechanisms of blocking crack propagation that can increase the fracture toughness of the YBCO layer.
Single-atom heat engine as a sensitive thermal probe
Authors: Levy Amikam , Göb Moritz , Deng Bo , Singer Kilian , Torrontegui E , Wang Daqing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We propose employing a quantum heat engine as a sensitive probe for thermal baths. In particular, we study a single-atom Otto engine operating in an open thermodynamic cycle. Owing to its cyclic nature, the engine is capable of translating small temperature differences between two baths into a macroscopic oscillation in a flywheel. We present analytical and numerical modeling of the quantum dynamics of the engine and estimate it to be capable of detecting temperature differences as small as 2 μK. This sensitivity can be further improved by utilizing quantum resources such as squeezing of the ion motion. The proposed scheme does not require quantum state initialization and is able to detect small temperature differences in a wide range of base temperatures.
Fabrication and validation of reference structures for the localization of subdural standard- and micro-electrodes in MRI
Authors: Erhardt Johannes B , Lottner Thomas , Pasluosta Cristian F , Gessner Isabel , Mathur Sanjay , Schuettler Martin , Bock Michael , Stieglitz Thomas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective. Report simple reference structure fabrication and validate the precise localization of subdural micro- and standard electrodes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in phantom experiments. Approach. Electrode contacts with diameters of 0.3 mm and 4 mm are localized in 1.5 T MRI using reference structures made of silicone and iron oxide nanoparticle doping. The precision of the localization procedure was assessed for several standard MRI sequences and implant orientations in phantom experiments and compared to common clinical localization procedures. Main results. A localization precision of 0.41 ± 0.20 mm could be achieved for both electrode diameters compared to 1.46 ± 0.69 mm that was achieved for 4 mm standard electrode contacts localized using a common clinical standard method. The new reference structures are intrinsically bio-compatible, and they can be detected with currently available feature detection software so that a clinical implementation of this technology should be feasible. Significance. Neuropathologies are increasingly diagnosed and treated with subdural electrodes, where the exact localization of the electrode contacts with respect to the patient’s cortical anatomy is a prerequisite for the procedure. Post-implantation electrode localization using MRI may be advantageous compared to the common alternative of CT-MRI image co-registration, as it avoids systematic localization errors associated with the co-registration itself, as well as brain shift and implant movement. Additionally, MRI provides superior soft tissue contrast for the identification of brain lesions without exposing the patient to ionizing radiation. Recent studies show that smaller electrodes and high-density electrode grids are ideal for clinical and research purposes, but the localization of these devices in MRI has not been demonstrated.
Analysis and statistical projection of vehicle occupancy using average annual daily traffic in the city
Authors: Prada Botía G C , Rojas-Suárez J P , Orjuela Abril M S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The excess of both private and public vehicles has hindered the mobility of large cities and, likewise, has begun to affect small cities, increasing environmental pollution, accidents, mortality, among others. The following research work includes the diagnosis and projection to the year 2021 of the traffic generated in the road corridor for future constructions in the adjacent area of the tennis club of the city of “San José de Cúcuta, Colombia”, through the collection of data by capacity of vehicles, traffic counts, surveys and vehicle registration, determining the present and future annual average daily traffic, within the main findings it was found that this sector is mostly traveled by cars, trucks and taxis. It was determined that the flow of vehicles will increase in the year 2021 by 24.62%, the constructions of shopping centers will be executed within the sector.
On the observed connection between Arctic sea ice and Eurasian snow in relation to the winter North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Santolaria-Otín María , García-Serrano Javier , Ménégoz Martin , Bech Joan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sea ice concentration (SIC) in the eastern Arctic and snow cover extent (SCE) over central Eurasia in late autumn have been proposed as potential predictors of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Here, maximum covariance analysis is used to further investigate the links between autumn SIC in the Barents-Kara Seas (BK) and SCE over Eurasia (EUR) with winter sea level pressure (SLP) in the North Atlantic-European region over 1979-2019. As shown by previous studies, the most significant covariability mode of SIC/BK is found for November. Similarly, the covariability with SCE/EUR is only statistically significant for November, not for October. Changes in temperature, specific humidity, SIC/BK and SCE/EUR in November are associated with a circulation anomaly over the Ural-Siberian region that appears as a precursor of the winter NAO; where the advection of climatological temperature/humidity by the anomalous flow is related to SCE/EUR and SIC/BK anomalies.
The effect of ginger oil extraction using Microwave Assisted Hydro-distillation (MAHD) method on zingiberene content
Authors: Argo B D , Hermanto M B , Andriani D W , Rosadhani J S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil has been produced using microwave assisted hydro-distillation extraction process and evaluated using GC-MS. The effects of different power of microwave (450, 600, 800 Watt) and material-solvent (w/v) ratio (1:8; 1:9; and 1:10) on the yield, density, and refraction index of ginger essential oil were investigated. The results indicated that microwave power and material-solvent ratio significantly affects yield, density, and zingiberene content of ginger essential oil. The highest yield was obtained in 600 Watt with 1:8 of material-solvent ratio (w/v), i.e., 1.71% w/w. The best density of ginger oil was obtained in 600 W with 1:10 of material-solvent ratio (b/v), i.e., 0.875 g/ml. The best refractive index value of ginger oil was obtained in 800 Watt with 1:8 of material-solvent ratio (b/v), i.e., 1.494. The refractive index of essential oils is influenced by the presence of carbon chains and double bonds in oil, free fatty acid levels, oxidation processes, and temperature. The best contents of ginger oil zingiberene were obtained in 600 Watt with 1:8 of material-solvent ratio (w/v), with 27.79%.
The Effect of Curing and Leaves Cutting in Longterm Storage of Shallot
Authors: Kusmali M , Ahmad U , Darmawati E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Shallot is important as one of the spices for cooking various foods, as raw materials for the food industry, and as one of the ingredients for Indonesian traditional herbs. Postharvest handling is needed to extend its shelf life and to maintain its quality during storage. The aims of this research are: 1) to evaluate the effect of curing and leaves cutting on the quality changes of shallots during storage, and 2) to get the best pre-storage procedure in maintaining the quality of shallots during storage. Shallots leaves were cut before drying while the others are stored with leaves as control. Then, half of the samples were cured for three days, and sundried for four days, while other samples were sundried directly for seven days without curing them first. Then samples were stored for 16 weeks in two different conditions. The results showed that the treatment of curing without leaves cutting and stored at 5°C with 65-70% RH gave the best quality than other treatments. It could minimize damage and weight loss, maintaining hardness, color, and important ingredients until 12 weeks of storage. However, there were drastic decreases in some quality parameters, 32.0% damage and 38.7% weight loss after 16 weeks of storage.
Physiological characteristics of postharvest Barangan banana based on harvest time differences
Authors: Wiranata M F , Darmawati E , Sutrisno  
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Barangan banana is a local variety, included in climacteric fruit. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum storage time based on the physiological characteristics of postharvest Barangan banana on harvest time differences. Samples are used 10 (P10), 11 (P11), 12 (P12) week after cutting banana heart, stored at room temperature (25±2°C), RH ±85% for 15 days. Measurements of respiration rate and ethylene were carried out for 6 days in a continuously closed chamber. Air samples in the chamber were taken every 3 hours through headspace as much 1 ml to be analyzed. Results showed that sample P12 was stimulated by ethylene earlier changed the respiration rate faster than another. The brightness level (L*), P11, and P12 get a peak value on the 6th day, while the P10 continues to increase until the 15th day. The hue value for P12 occurred the fastest yellow change, then approached black color after day 12th, whereas P10 and P11 turn yellow later than P12 but still maintain yellow until the 15th day. The level of firmness, all samples get a decrease in the level of firmness until the 15th day. TSS at P12 gets a change in peak on the 6th day, while P10 and P11 get a peak on the 12th day. The optimum storage time for P12 is 6 days, while P10 and P11 are 12 days after harvest.
Development of an electric hand tractor (e-Tractor) for agricultural operations
Authors: Amongo R M C , Quilloy E P , Ranches M A F , Larona M V L , Madlangbayan M S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The development of an e-Tractor for agricultural operations was conducted in response to innovative and environment-friendly technologies utilizing non-fossil fuel as a source of energy. Design considerations were taken from the Needs and Design Assessment (NADA) of the intended beneficiaries such as transport of agricultural product and/or for human mobility requirement and for plowing operations. The e-Tractor was designed with a 3-kW direct current electric motor as prime mover and 5.76 kWh battery system as the power source. The machine was tested for transport with trailer attachment using three speed settings (low-2 kph, medium-5 kph, high-7 kph) and three load settings (0 kg, 200 kg, and 400 kg). Test results showed that the e-Tractor can operate at an optimum setting of 7 kph with 287.8 kg load resulting in an operational time of 127.5 minutes and a travel distance of 14.33 km. The obtained field efficiency for the plowing operation using three trials was about 92.29% with a theoretical field capacity of 0.11 ha/h. The development of an operational electric hand tractor facilitates agricultural product mobility as an alternative RE Technology for plowing operation with minimal negative environmental impact.
Implementation of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for oil palm industry in Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Kiman , Ichwana  , Nasution Indra Sakti , Sholihati  , Sofiah Intan , Miharza Try 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a holistic environmental accounting procedure which quantifies and evaluates all wastes discharged to the environmental and raw materials consumed throughout the entire life cycle, beginning with sourcing raw materials from the earth through manufacturing and distribution to consumer use and disposal. Currently, environmental consideration becomes the most important issue in application oil palm industry in Indonesia. Scientific approach through LCA can be used as a tool to assess this issue. LCA can be used to ensure that all environmental impacts has been considered for deciding action, calculating environmental impact that might occur, comparing process performance and developing data base for further research. In this regard, LCA can be used as a tool to support decision making on environmental improvement conducted by enterprise or government. Other advantage taken from LCA is that it can be used for in comparing and evaluating products which have similar functions or uses. The target of LCA is to compare the whole environmental damage caused by product or particular activity and then select one option which have the least damage risk. In Indonesian case, the data access that can be used in this LCA study is very limited. Number of LCA study on Indonesian biodiesel production come up with different result. This difference could be due to data inconsistency and did not present the actual condition found in the field. According to those aforementioned situations, an effort to address this issue should be conducted by identifying and presenting actual condition of Indonesian palm oil estate. In this research, LCA will be used to analyze the prospect of oil palm industry in Aceh province Indonesia based on sustainability and environmental impact. This study is aimed to analyze implementation of life cycle assessment for oil palm industry (upstream to downstream) in Aceh Province Indonesia.