bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CCL5 mediates target‐kinase independent resistance to FLT3 inhibitors in FLT3‐ITD‐positive AML
Authors: Waldeck Silvia , Rassner Michael , Keye Philip , Follo Marie , Herchenbach Dieter , Endres Cornelia , Charlet Anne , Andrieux Geoffroy , Salzer Ulrich , Boerries Melanie , Duyster Justus , von Bubnoff Nikolas 
Published: January 2020

FLT3‐ITD tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) show limited clinical activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) due to emerging resistance. TKI resistance is mediated by secondary FLT3‐ITD mutations only in a minority of cases. We hypothesize that the cytokine CCL5 protects AML cells from TKI‐mediated cell death and contributes to treatment resistance. We generated PKC412‐ and sorafenib‐resistant MOLM‐13 cell lines as an in vitro model to study TKI resistance in AML. Increased CCL5 levels were detected in supernatants from PKC412‐resistant cell lines compared to TKI‐sensitive cells. Moreover, CCL5 treatment of TKI‐sensitive cells induced resistance to PKC412. In resistant cell lines with high CCL5 release, we observed a significant downregulation of the CCL5‐receptor CCR5 and CXCR4. In these cell lines, TKI resistance could be partly overcome by addition of the CXCR4‐receptor antagonist plerixafor. Microarray and intracellular flow cytometry analyses revealed increased p‐Akt or p‐Stat5 levels in PKC412‐resistant cell lines releasing high amounts of CCL5. Treatment with the CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor, αCCL5, or CCR5‐targeting siRNA led to a decrease of p‐Akt‐positive cells. Transient transfection of sensitive MOLM‐13 cells with a CCL5‐encoding vector mediated resistance against PKC412 and led to an increase in p‐Akt‐positive and p‐Stat5‐positive cells. Isolated AML blasts from patients treated with PKC412 revealed that CCL5 transcript levels increase significantly at relapse. Taken together, our findings indicate that CCL5 mediates resistance to FLT3‐TKIs in FLT3‐ITD‐mutated AML and could possibly serve as a biomarker to predict drug resistance.
Unraveling Temperature‐Dependent Contact Electrification between Sliding‐Mode Triboelectric Pairs
Authors: Wang Aurelia C. , Zhang Binbin , Xu Cheng , Zou Haiyang , Lin Zhiqun , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe underlying mechanism on contact electrification (CE) has remained a topic of debate over centuries, and it is argued to be due to electron transfer, ion transfer, and/or even material species transfer. Recently, a previous study shows that CE is dominated by electrons, at least for solid–solid cases. Herein, by using a model detailing the charge transfer between triboelectric surfaces and thermionic emission of electrons via employing a sliding mode Ti–SiO2 triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), surface charge decay behavior is scrutinized in lateral‐sliding mode during operation at high temperature. The temperature dependence of TENG electric output contributes to characteristic metal–dielectric and dielectric–dielectric CEs, thereby providing further evidence that electrons are the dominating transferred charges in CE. The total surface charge output of the TENG is rationalized as a direct consequence of the coupling of the rate of electron thermionic emission, the charge transfer rate of CE, and the changing rate of the contacted area between the two materials. When the contacting area is larger than the displaced area, the CE between the two materials is the major contributor to measured surface charge. Conversely, the thermionic emission of the exposed surfaces dictates when the contacting area is smaller.
Targeted Delivery of Secretory Promelittin via Novel Poly(lactone‐co‐β‐amino ester) Nanoparticles for Treatment of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Zhou Yu , Zhang Shenqi , Chen Zeming , Bao Youmei , Chen Ann T. , Sheu Wendy C. , Liu Fuyao , Jiang Zhaozhong , Zhou Jiangbing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBreast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) is a devastating disease with dismal prognosis. Although chemotherapy is widely used for clinical management of most tumors, it is often ineffective for BCBM. Therefore, alternative approaches for improved treatment of BCBM are in great demand. Here, an innovative gene therapy regimen is reported that is designed for effective treatment of BCBM. First, poly(lactone‐co‐β‐amino ester) nanoparticles that are capable of efficient gene delivery are synthesized and are engineered for targeted delivery to BCBM through surface conjugation of AMD3100, which interacts with CXCR4 enriched in the tumor microenvironment. Next, an artificial gene, proMel, is designed for the expression of secretory promelittin protein, which has limited toxicity on its own but releases cytolytic melittin after activation by MMP‐2 accumulated in tumors. It is demonstrated that delivery of the proMel via the AMD3100‐conjugated nanoparticles effectively inhibits tumor progression in a BCBM mouse model. This study suggests a new direction to treat BCBM through targeted delivery of promelittin‐mediated gene therapy.
Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of sunlight‐responsive BiOBr–CoWO4 heterostructured nanocomposites
Authors: Paul Chowdhury Arpita , Shambharkar Baban H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEfficient sunlight‐responsive BiOBr–CoWO4 heterostructured nanocomposite photocatalysts were prepared via a chemical precipitation route at 100°C in 4 hours. The prepared BiOBr–CoWO4 heterostructures were characterized for phase identification, chemical composition, surface morphology, optical properties and surface area using various techniques. The X‐ray diffraction pattern of the BiOBr–CoWO4 nanocomposite was composed of diffraction peaks equivalent to both the tetragonal phase of BiOBr and the monoclinic phase of CoWO4 nanoparticles. X‐ray photoelectron spectral study of the BiOBr–CoWO4 nanocomposite revealed orbitals of both BiOBr and CoWO4 compounds. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that spherical particles of CoWO4 (20–25 nm) were dispersed on the surface of BiOBr. UV–visible–near‐infrared spectral study of the BiOBr–CoWO4 nanocomposite showed good visible‐light absorption. Among the manufactured materials, BiOBr–CoWO4‐2 nanocomposite showed better charge carrier separation efficiency, as demonstrated by photoluminescence and time‐resolved fluorescence. To study the practical utility of the prepared materials, their photocatalytic capability was examined for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution under sunlight irradiation. The photodegradation results showed that BiOBr–CoWO4‐2 nanocomposite degraded 98.69% RhB solution and the degradation constant was 0.067 min−1, which was 5.6 and 22.5 times larger than that of pure BiOBr and CoWO4 nanoparticles, respectively, after 60 minutes of sunlight irradiation. The superior photoactivity was facilitated by electron–hole pair separation and transfer driven by the heterostructure interface between BiOBr particles and CoWO4 nanoparticles. The removal of RhB was initiated by photogenerated h+, O2•−and •OH reactive species based on the scavenger effect.
Polymer hydrogel cross‐linked by inorganic nanoparticles for removing trace metal ions
Authors: Lv Qingyun , Hu Xiaosai , Shen Yong , Sun Guoxing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHydrogels for absorbing metal ions in wastewater have attracted more attentions in the environmental field especially for recent years. The removal efficiency of hydrogel adsorbents for eliminating metal ions is highly related with the effective contact between adsorbents and adsorbates. However, poor water absorption capacity of the hydrogel adsorbents would restrict on the expose of adsorption sites to the targeted subjects, causing undesirable removal ratio (RR) especially for metal ions at trace level. Thereby, the reported hydrogel adsorbents mainly focus on the removal of high content but not the trace level of metal ions so far. In this work, poly(acrylamide) (PAM)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/Ca(OH)2 composite hydrogel is applied to adsorb trace metal ions. Swelling ratio of such PAM/PAA/Ca(OH)2 gel reaches 2,530 g/g, resulting in effective exposure of active sites and further expected RR for trace metal ions. The RRs of such adsorbent for Cu2+ (initial concentration C0 = 0.064 mg/L), Al3+ (C0 = 0.27 mg/L), Co2+ (C0 = 0.59 mg/L), Cr6+ (C0 = 0.52 mg/L), Mn2+ (C0 = 0.55 mg/L), Ni2+ (C0 = 0.59 mg/L), Zn2+ (C0 = 0.65 mg/L), Ag+ (C0 = 1.08 mg/L), and La3+ (C0 = 1.39 mg/L) are 56.6, 80.8, 41.3, 29.3, 34.6, 44.6, 55.9, 45.8, and 35.5%, respectively. This work broadens the application of hydrogel adsorbent for eliminating trace metal ions from polluted water.
On a razor's edge: Status and prospects of the critically endangered Bellinger River snapping turtle, Myuchelys georgesi
Authors: Chessman Bruce C. , McGilvray Gerry , Ruming Shane , Jones Hugh A. , Petrov Kristen , Fielder Darren P. , Spencer Ricky‐John , Georges Arthur 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

In the summer and autumn of 2015, the Bellinger River snapping turtle (Myuchelys georgesi), a narrow‐range endemic of eastern New South Wales, Australia, suffered mass mortality from epidemic disease, apparently caused by a previously unknown virus. Information on the current population size and structure of M. georgesi, and the body condition and growth of the surviving individuals, is needed to support planning of conservation actions. Population estimates are also needed for a sympatric population of the widely distributed Macquarie turtle (Emydura macquarii), which has probably been introduced to the Bellinger River and may threaten the persistence of M. georgesi through hybridization, competition, and disease transmission.
Data from five turtle surveys between November 2015 and November 2018 were used to estimate populations of the two species in the Bellinger River by an analysis based on habitat extent and turtle detectability. Changes in the body condition of M. georgesi and the body growth of both species were also assessed.
Current populations of ~150 M. georgesi and ~500 E. macquarii are indicated, although the uncertainty of these estimates is high. The estimate for M. georgesi represents a decline of >90% from the historical population. Moreover, about 88% of the surviving M. georgesi are immature, and only about 5% are mature females. However, the body condition of the survivors has improved recently. Growth models suggest that M. georgesi matures later than E. macquarii, which may provide the latter with a competitive advantage.
Evidence presented here does not support a previous hypothesis that M. georgesi were predisposed to disease through malnutrition and consequently reduced immune competence caused by high water temperatures and low river flows. Continuing disease, hybridization, and interspecific competition are probably the greatest threats to the persistence of the species.
Implementing Change in Neuroanatomy Education: Organization, Evolution, and Assessment of a Near‐Peer Teaching Program in an Undergraduate Medical School in Greece
Authors: Karamaroudis Stefanos , Poulogiannopoulou Eleni , Sotiropoulos Marinos G. , Kalantzis Thomas , Johnson Elizabeth O. 
Published: January 2020

In light of the current shifts in medical education from traditional lectures to more active teaching modalities, a peer‐teaching program was introduced to a compulsory, second‐year neuroanatomy course. A cross‐sectional survey of 527 medical students in the six‐year medical program of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens was administered. The primary aim of the survey, which was distributed to second‐ through sixth‐year medical students, who had completed the neuroanatomy course, was to assess student perception of peer teachers (PTs). Across the five years assessed, students increasingly acknowledged the contribution of PTs to their learning (P < 0.001). Attributes of PTs (e.g., contribution to learning, motivation, effective usage of material, and team environment) were significantly related to the student's opinion of the importance of laboratory activities (P < 0.001). Students who received “average” final grades scored the importance of laboratory exercises, and by inference PTs, significantly lower than students who received “excellent” final grades (P < 0.05). The amount of training that PTs had received was also significantly related to student perceptions of a PT's contribution. Better trained PTs were associated with significantly higher scores regarding learning, motivation, and positive environment compared to less trained PTs (P < 0.05). The results of the present study show that peer‐teaching was well received by students attending the neuroanatomy course. While the results express the evolution of the program across the years, the findings also show that learners believed that PTs and the laboratory program contributed significantly to their understanding of neuroanatomy.
Synthesis, modelling, and solvatochromic properties of a phenothiazine derivative
Authors: Al‐Zahrani Fatimah A.M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new A–π–D–π–A phenothiazine derivative, 2,2′‐((10‐octyl‐10H‐phenothiazine‐3,7‐diyl)bis (ethene‐2,1‐diyl))bis(1‐ethyl‐3,3‐dimethyl‐3H‐indol‐1‐ium)iodide (PTZ‐BEI) was prepared and fully characterized using infra‐red (IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, ultraviolet–visible light and mass spectra. Electronic spectra of PTZ‐BEI solutions in solvents with different polarities displayed absorption bands (λmax) related to intramolecular charge transfer. In addition, the emission spectra of PTZ‐BEI solutions were strongly solvent dependent for both wavelength and intensity. Stokes’ shift (
increased with increasing solvent polarity up to 4105 cm−1 in the most polar solvent, dimethylformamide. The linear solvation‐energy relationship was utilized to investigate solvent dependency of the Stokes’ shifts. Relative quantum yield (φ) of PTZ‐BEI was calculated. Finally, density functional theory was employed at the B3LYP level for geometrical optimization and simulation of electron spectra for the PTZ derivative in gaseous and solvated states to explore the solvent effect.
Zig‐Zag Diphosphene Oligomers Linked by Silver(I) Cation
Authors: Pan Xiaobo , Zhang Li , Zhao Yue , Tan Gengwen , Ruan Huapeng , Wang Xinping 
Published: January 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionThe coordination of silver cation to diphosphene Mes*P=PMes* (1, Mes* = tBu3C6H2) was investigated in detail. The reaction of 1 with Ag[Al(ORF)4] (ORF = OC(CF3)3) in the ratios of 2 : 1, 3 : 2 and 1 : 2 led to the formation of the first cationic silver linked diphosphene complexes 2—4. Complexes 2 and 3 contain two and three diphosphene molecules linked by the linear Ag(I) cation, respectively, and they feature unusual zig‐zag topologies. Complex 4 is a dinuclear silver complex, and each Ag(I) center features a tetrahedral geometry, coordinated by one phosphorus atom of diphosphene 1 and three chloro atoms of two CH2Cl2 molecules.
A Salt Controlled Scalable Approach for Formation of Polyelectrolyte Complex Fiber†
Authors: Huang Wentao , Liu Dezhong , Zhu Liping , Yang Shuguang 
Published: January 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionA new scalable approach is reported here for producing the polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) fiber of alginate (ALG) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). Salt (LiBr, NaBr, or KBr) is used to restrict the complexation of negatively charged ALG and positively charged PDDA in solution to obtain spinnable fluid that can be directly extruded into the coagulation bath to form nascent fiber. A water washing step is adopted right after the formation of nascent fiber to eliminate the defects in fiber. Morphology and mechanical properties of the as‐prepared ALG/PDDA complex fiber are found to be greatly affected by the water washing, as well as the amount and the type of salt used. As the reported approach is similar to the wet‐spinning process which is a commonly used method for industrial production of fibers, it is promising to be applied in larger scale production of PEC fibers.
Quick test: How to detect lactose in 60 seconds?
Authors: Ruppersberg Klaus , Klemeyer Horst 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMit einer Inverter‐Mikrowelle ist es möglich, eine geringe Leistung (400 W) kontinuierlich und präzise auf wässrige Lösungen in Bechergläsern einwirken zu lassen, ohne dass es dabei zu einem Siedeverzug kommt. Auf diese Weise lässt sich Lactose in Milchprodukten in 60 Sekunden durch eine Rotfärbung nachweisen, die durch eine Reaktion mit Methylamin oder 1,6‐Diaminohexan (Hexamethylendiamin) in alkalischer Lösung zu Stande kommt. Letzteres ist in vielen Schulsammlungen schon vorhanden, da es für den bekannten „Nylon‐Seil‐Trick“ beschafft wurde.
Identifying spinal afferent (sensory) nerve endings that innervate the marrow cavity and periosteum using anterograde tracing
Authors: Thai Jenny , Kyloh Melinda , Travis Lee , Spencer Nick J. , Ivanusic Jason J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile sensory and sympathetic neurons are known to innervate bone, previous studies have found it difficult to unequivocally identify and characterize only those that are of sensory origin. In this study, we have utilized an in vivo anterograde tracing technique to selectively label spinal afferent (sensory) nerve endings that innervate the periosteum and marrow cavity of murine long bones. Unilateral injections of dextran–biotin (anterograde tracer; 20% in saline, 50–100 nl) were made into L3–L5 dorsal root ganglia. After a 10‐day recovery period to allow sufficient time for selective anterograde transport of the tracer to nerve terminal endings in bone, the periosteum (whole‐mount) and underlying bone were collected, processed to reveal anterograde labeling, and immuno‐labeled with antibodies directed against protein gene product (pan‐neuronal marker; PGP9.5), tyrosine hydroxylase (sympathetic neuron marker; TH), calcitonin gene‐related protein (peptidergic nociceptor marker; CGRP), and/or neurofilament 200 (myelinated axon marker; NF200). Anterograde‐labeled nerve endings were dispersed throughout the periosteum and marrow cavity and could be identified in close apposition to blood vessels and at sites distant from them. The periosteum and the marrow cavity were each innervated by myelinated (NF200+) sensory neurons, and unmyelinated (NF200‑) sensory neurons that were either peptidergic (CGRP+) or nonpeptidergic (CGRP‑). Spinal afferent nerve endings did not express TH, and lacked the cylindrical morphology around blood vessels characteristic of sympathetic innervation. This approach to selective labeling of sensory nerve terminal endings will help to better identify how different sub‐populations of sensory neurons, and their peripheral nerve terminal endings, interact with bone.
Efficient estimation of load‐free left ventricular geometry and passive myocardial properties using principal component analysis
Authors: Wang Zhinuo J. , Wang Vicky Y. , Babarenda Gamage Thiranja P. , Rajagopal Vijayaraghavan , Cao J. Jane , Nielsen Poul M. F. , Bradley Chris P. , Young Alistair A. , Nash Martyn P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractModels of cardiac mechanics require a well‐defined reference geometry from which deformations and hence myocardial strain and stress can be calculated. In the in vivo beating heart, the load‐free (LF) geometry generally cannot be measured directly, since, in many cases, there is no stage at which the lumen pressures and contractile state are all zero. Therefore, there is a need for an efficient method to estimate the LF geometry, which is essential for an accurate mechanical simulation of left ventricular (LV) mechanics, and for estimations of passive and contractile constitutive parameters of the heart muscle. In this paper, we present a novel method for estimating both the LF geometry and the passive stiffness of the myocardium. A linear combination of principal components from a population of diastolic displacements is used to construct the LF geometry. For each estimate of the LF geometry and tissue stiffness, LV inflation is simulated, and the model predictions are compared with surface data at multiple stages during passive diastolic filling. The feasibility of this method was demonstrated using synthetically deformation data that were generated using LV models derived from clinical magnetic resonance image data, and the identifiability of the LF geometry and passive stiffness parameters were analysed using Hessian metrics. Applications of this method to clinical data would improve the accuracy of constitutive parameter estimation and allow a better simulation of LV wall strains and stresses.
Conceptual compatibility of recycle bin color: From a cross‐cultural perspective
Authors: Chang Eva 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIncreased waste production is a by‐product of economic growth, and that is why countries worldwide are working on turning waste into useful resources and enhancing recycling effectiveness. Aside from using symbols and words for identifying which recycle bins for which types of recyclable materials, color is also a useful code and visual element in recycle bin design. This study conducted questionnaire survey (n = 418) among participants from Taiwan and from East Asia and the Pacific (EAP) to explore the current condition of resource recycling and determine the best color‐material pairings. This study's result suggests that the most frequently recycled material by participants from Taiwan and from EAP were paper and plastic. The study participants sorted and recycled materials as frequently as five to six days a week. From analyzing the pairings of four colors (red, green, blue, and yellow) with four recyclable materials (paper, glass, plastic, and metal), differences were found between participants from Taiwan and those from EAP. Because resource classification and color coding are different from country to country, this study found that color provides limited information of recycle bins.
Ability of Primary Care Health Databases to Assess Medicinal Products Discussed by the European Union Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee
Authors: Flynn Robert , Hedenmalm Karin , Murray‐Thomas Tarita , Pacurariu Alexandra , Arlett Peter , Shepherd Hilary , Myles Puja , Kurz Xavier 
Published: January 2020

This study measured the exposure to different categories of medicinal products discussed by the European Union (EU) Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee from September to November 2018 in four electronic primary care health databases: IQVIA Medical Research Data‐UK, IQVIA Medical Research Data‐France, IQVIA Medical Research Data‐Germany, and Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum, in the entire lifespan of each database until August 31, 2018. The assessment of 83 centrally authorized products and 45 nationally authorized products showed that coverage was better for products marketed for longer duration and worse for orphan drugs. The ability to detect associations against hypothetical comparators was better for more common events and for larger effect sizes. Coverage of advanced therapies was worse for those typically administered in a specialized rather than primary care setting. This study shows that to enable better informed regulatory decisions there is a need to access complementary data sources, particularly capturing secondary care prescribing.