bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teacher Experience, Personal Health, and Dieting Status Is Associated With Classroom Health‐Related Practices and Modeling*
Authors: Hamilton Lindsay , Goodman Lynnel , Roberts Lindsey , Dial Lauren A. , Pratt Mercedes , Musher‐Eizenman Dara 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDEvidence suggests that schools play an important role in student health; however, little is known about variability in teachers' use of food‐related classroom practices. In this study, we examined associations between teacher demographic and individual factors and their food‐related practices and modeling in the classroom.METHODSWe had 239 teachers in the United States complete an online survey about their demographics (years of teaching experience, socioeconomic status of the school), personal health status, height and weight, and nutrition knowledge. Teachers also reported on the unhealthy food‐related practices they use in their classroom (eg, candy as a reward) and modeling (ie, engaging in unhealthy and healthy eating practices in front of students).RESULTSHierarchical linear regressions were computed for each outcome separately. After controlling for socioeconomic status, fewer years of teaching experience and lower perception of personal health were associated with the use of unhealthy practices in the classroom. Teachers who were dieting were more likely to endorse healthy modeling.CONCLUSIONSTeacher demographic and individual factors are associated with food‐related classroom behavior. These findings have implications for interventions to promote the health of teachers and their students.
Organization of peptidoglycan synthesis in nodes and separate rings at different stages of cell division of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Perez Amilcar J. , Boersma Michael J. , Bruce Kevin E. , Lamanna Melissa M. , Shaw Sidney L. , Tsui Ho‐Ching T. , Taguchi Atsushi , Carlson Erin E. , VanNieuwenhze Michael S. , Winkler Malcolm E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBacterial peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis requires strict spatiotemporal organization to reproduce specific cell shapes. In ovoid‐shaped Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), septal and peripheral (elongation) PG synthesis occur simultaneously at midcell. To uncover the organization of proteins and activities that carry out these two modes of PG synthesis, we examined Spn cells vertically oriented onto their poles to image the division plane at the high lateral resolution of 3D‐SIM (structured‐illumination microscopy). Labeling with fluorescent D‐amino acids (FDAA) showed that areas of new transpeptidase (TP) activity catalyzed by penicillin‐binding proteins (PBPs) separate into a pair of concentric rings early in division, representing peripheral PG (pPG) synthesis (outer ring) and the leading‐edge (inner ring) of septal PG (sPG) synthesis. Fluorescently tagged PBP2x or FtsZ locate primarily to the inner FDAA‐marked ring, whereas PBP2b and FtsX remain in the outer ring, suggesting roles in sPG or pPG synthesis, respectively. Pulses of FDAA labeling revealed an arrangement of separate regularly spaced “nodes” of TP activity around the division site of predivisional cells. Tagged PBP2x, PBP2b, and FtsX proteins also exhibited nodal patterns with spacing comparable to that of FDAA labeling. Together, these results reveal new aspects of spatially ordered PG synthesis in ovococcal bacteria during cell division.
The utility of ultrasonography in anesthesia management in 3 cases of caudal regression syndrome
Authors: Ponde Vrushali Chandrashekhar , Desai Ankit Pankaj , Puranik Kiran Amey , Bosenberg Adrian , Chavan Dilip Namdev 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCaudal regression syndrome is an extremely rare clinical entity. It is a challenge to anesthesiologist due to its multisystem involvement. Regional anesthesia literature on caudal regression syndrome is scarce. We report three cases where optimal use of ultrasonography aided in providing satisfactory peri‐operative pain relief. Furthermore, a cogent and a logical review of the decision‐making processes for the regional blockade in children with caudal regression syndrome are presented.
Medication interventions for African‐American adults: Practice‐based evidence from two nurse‐led clinics
Authors: Taani Murad H. , Ellis Julie L. , Zabler Bev , Kelber Sheryl T. , Tsai Pei‐Yun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted to describe and examine the impact of medication intervention practices among African‐American clients in two nurse‐led community nursing centers (CNCs).MethodsThis study used a retrospective‐descriptive design. Omaha System data from visits of 196 African‐American adults living with chronic disease and having two or more CNC visits in which medication regimen was an identified problem and the main reason for the visit was analyzed.ResultsThe sample had a mean age of 53.1 (6.67) and was primarily women (82%), uninsured, and with high school or less education. A total of 9,259 Medication regimen interventions were documented and implemented during 1,146 client CNC visits. A paired samples t test revealed statistically significant improvements in Knowledge (t = 2.434, p < .01). Behavior (t = 0.077, p = .94) and Status (t = 1.489, p = .14) remained unchanged, although the ratings trended toward improvement for each.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that the nursing center model of care does improve the knowledge of medications among African‐American clients. The study also demonstrated the Omaha System's utility to evaluate the impact of nursing interventions in community settings.
Short interpregnancy interval and pregnancy outcomes: How important is the timing of confounding variable ascertainment?
Authors: Schummers Laura , Hutcheon Jennifer A. , Norman Wendy V. , Liauw Jessica , Bolatova Talshyn , Ahrens Katherine A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEstimation of causal effects of short interpregnancy interval on pregnancy outcomes may be confounded by time‐varying factors. These confounders should be ascertained at or before delivery of the first (“index”) pregnancy, but are often only measured at the subsequent pregnancy.ObjectivesTo quantify bias induced by adjusting for time‐varying confounders ascertained at the subsequent (rather than the index) pregnancy in estimated effects of short interpregnancy interval on pregnancy outcomes.MethodsWe analysed linked records for births in British Columbia, Canada, 2004‐2014, to women with ≥2 singleton pregnancies (n = 121 151). We used log binomial regression to compare short (<6, 6‐11, 12‐17 months) to 18‐23‐month reference intervals for 5 outcomes: perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal death); small for gestational age (SGA) birth and preterm delivery (all, early, spontaneous). We calculated per cent differences between adjusted risk ratios (aRR) from two models with maternal age, low socio‐economic status, body mass index, and smoking ascertained in the index pregnancy and the subsequent pregnancy. We considered relative per cent differences <5% minimal, 5%‐9% modest, and ≥10% substantial.ResultsAdjustment for confounders measured at the subsequent pregnancy introduced modest bias towards the null for perinatal mortality aRRs for <6‐month interpregnancy intervals [−9.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] −15.3, −6.2). SGA aRRs were minimally biased towards the null (−1.1%, 95% CI −2.6, 0.8) for <6‐month intervals. While early preterm delivery aRRs were substantially biased towards the null (−10.4%, 95% CI −14.0, −6.6) for <6‐month interpregnancy intervals, bias was minimal for <6‐month intervals for all preterm deliveries (−0.6%, 95% CI −2.0, 0.8) and spontaneous preterm deliveries (−1.3%, 95% CI −3.1, 0.1). For all outcomes, bias was attenuated and minimal for 6‐11‐month and 12‐17‐month interpregnancy intervals.ConclusionThese findings suggest that maternally linked pregnancy data may not be needed for appropriate confounder adjustment when studying the effects of short interpregnancy interval on pregnancy outcomes.
Among CMV‐positive renal transplant patients receiving non‐T‐cell depleting induction, the absence of CMV disease prevention is a safe strategy: A retrospective cohort of 372 patients
Authors: Boulay Hugoline , Oger Emmanuel , Cantarovich Diego , Gatault Philippe , Thierry Antoine , Le Meur Yannick , Duveau Agnès , Vigneau Cécile , Lorcy Nolwenn 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common opportunistic pathogen affecting renal transplant recipients, especially in the first months. CMV‐seropositive renal transplant recipients (CMV R+) are at intermediate risk for CMV disease, but this risk is enhanced among CMV R+ receiving T‐cell depleting induction, compared to CMV R+ receiving non‐depleting induction. In this second group, data in favor of prophylactic antiviral treatment with valganciclovir to reduce CMV disease is sparse. In this retrospective and multicentric trial, we included 372 CMV R+ transplanted between January 2012 and April 2015 and receiving non‐depleting induction. During the first year following transplantation, CMV disease occurred in 5/222 patients (2.25%) in the prophylaxis group and 9/150 (6%) in the no‐prophylaxis group (difference +3.7; 95% CI: 0.5‐8; P = .002 for non‐inferiority). The incidence of allograft rejection and other infectious diseases was similar between the two groups. Graft and patient survival were similar at the end of follow‐up. In conclusion, the absence of prophylaxis did not appear to have a deleterious effect for CMV diseases among CMV R+ receiving non‐depleting induction.
A Methodology to Characterize Modal Damping in Vibrating Systems: Application to the Case of Gas Turbine Combustion Chambers
Authors: Amedei Andrea , Meli Enrico , Rindi Andrea , Pucci Egidio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present paper proposes a methodology to characterize the modal damping ratio as a function of frequency in vibrating systems, with a focus on gas turbine combustion chambers. Proposed methodology correlates the modal damping ratio to the system modal eigenfrequencies, accurately considering the damping physical effects on the system dynamics and goes beyond the standard proportional damping hypothesis and similar techniques present in the literature. The methodology has been compared under free-free conditions with standard damping ratio laws that can be found in the literature and which may lead sometimes to an overestimation of the real damping ratio values. Experimental data obtained through dedicated ping tests performed on two components of an industrial gas turbine annular combustion chamber have been used for the methodology validation: comparison between simulated and experimental results seems to be encouraging and the proposed methodology for modal damping ratio characterization turns out to be better, with respect to the standard ones, in reproducing not only the experimentally estimated damping law (as a function of the frequency), but also the typical Force Response Functions (FRFs) of the considered vibrating systems. Finally, since the adopted procedure is numerically efficient and based only on low cost experimental techniques, it can be used for describing modal damping in vibrating systems since the early phases of the design, by increasing the design accuracy and reducing times and costs.
Nairobi Early Childcare in Slums (NECS) Study Protocol: a mixed-methods exploration of paid early childcare in Mukuru slum, Nairobi
Authors: Hughes Robert C , Kitsao-Wekulo Patricia , Bhopal Sunil , Kimani-Murage Elizabeth W , Hill Zelee , Kirkwood Betty R 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe early years are critical. Early nurturing care can lay the foundation for human capital accumulation with lifelong benefits. Conversely, early adversity undermines brain development, learning and future earning.Slums are among the most challenging places to spend those early years and are difficult places to care for a child. Shifting family and work structures mean that paid, largely informal, childcare seems to be becoming the ‘new normal’ for many preschool children growing up in rapidly urbanising Africa. However, little is known about the quality of this childcare.AimsTo build a rigorous understanding what childcare strategies are used and why in a typical Nairobi slum, with a particular focus on provision and quality of paid childcare. Through this, to inform evaluation of quality and design and implementation of interventions with the potential to reach some of the most vulnerable children at the most critical time in the life course.Methods and analysisMixed methods will be employed. Qualitative research (in-depth interviews and focus group discussions) with parents/carers will explore need for and decision-making about childcare. A household survey (of 480 households) will estimate the use of different childcare strategies by parents/carers and associated parent/carer characteristics. Subsequently, childcare providers will be mapped and surveyed to document and assess quality of current paid childcare. Semistructured observations will augment self-reported quality with observable characteristics/practices. Finally, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with childcare providers will explore their behaviours and motivations. Qualitative data will be analysed through thematic analysis and triangulation across methods. Quantitative and spatial data will be analysed through epidemiological methods (random effects regression modelling and spatial statistics).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted in the UK and Kenya. Findings will be disseminated through journal publications, community and government stakeholder workshops, policy briefs and social media content.
Neurocognitive performance and mental health of retired female football players compared to non-contact sport athletes
Authors: Prien Annika , Feddermann-Demont Nina , Verhagen Evert , Twisk Jos , Junge Astrid 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundAdverse long-term effects of playing football due to repetitive head impact exposure on neurocognition and mental health are controversial. To date, no studies have evaluated such effects in women.AimsTo (1) compare neurocognitive performance, cognitive symptoms and mental health in retired elite female football players (FB) with retired elite female non-contact sport athletes (CON), and to (2) assess whether findings are related to history of concussion and/or heading exposure in FB.MethodsNeurocognitive performance, mental health and cognitive symptoms were assessed using computerised tests (CNS-vital signs), paper pen tests (Category fluency, Trail-Making Test, Digit Span, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test), questionnaires (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SF-36v2 Health Survey) and a symptom checklist. Heading exposure and concussion history were self-reported in an online survey and in a clinical interview, respectively. Linear regression was used to analyse the effect of football, concussion and heading exposure on outcomes adjusted for confounders.ResultsFB (n=66) performed similar to CON (n=45) on neurocognitive tests, except for significantly lower scores on verbal memory (mean difference (MD)=−7.038, 95% CI −12.98 to –0.08, p=0.038) and verbal fluency tests (MD=−7.534, 95% CI –13.75 to –0.46, p=0.016). Among FB weaker verbal fluency performance was significantly associated with ≥2 concussions (MD=−10.36, 95% CI –18.48 to –2.83, p=0.017), and weaker verbal memory performance with frequent heading (MD=−9.166, 95% CI –17.59 to –0.123, p=0.041). The depression score differed significantly between study populations, and was significantly associated with frequent heading but not with history of concussion in FB.ConclusionFurther studies should investigate the clinical relevance of our findings and whether the observed associations point to a causal link between repetitive head impacts and verbal memory/fluency or mental health.
Multifocal haematogenous osteomyelitis and septic physitis in a dog
Authors: Blondel Margaux , Gros Lucile , Lucas Marie‐Noelle , Delverdier Maxence , Palierne Sophie 
Published: December 2020

A 10‐month‐old male cane corso was evaluated for a four‐day history of lethargy and anorexia associated with right thoracic limb lameness. Physical examination, diagnostic imaging and cytological findings were suggestive of a pyothorax and a right antebrachium subperiosteal abscess, which were managed by surgical drainage of the abscess and placement of thoracostomy tubes. Following adapted antibiotic therapy and appropriate analgesia, the dog clinically improved. However, 10 days after admission, the patient became hyperthermic and presented a warm, generalised soft tissue swelling affecting both hindlimbs and painful metaphyseal regions. Radiographic findings were suggestive of multifocal haematogenous osteomyelitis and septic physitis. Blood culture came back positive with a multiresistant bacterium. Given the poor prognosis, the dog was euthanased. Postmortem examination confirmed the presence of severe multicentric osteomyelitis, physitis and arthritis, associated with infective endocarditis and chronic bacterial exudative pleuritis.
Comparison of Two Preparation Methods for Platelet-Rich Plasma Eye Drops for Release of Growth Factors and De-Epithelization Rabbit Model
Authors: Kobayashi Tatsuhiko , Suzuki Takashi , Saito Tomohiko , Itokawa Takashi , Hori Yuichi 
Published: December 2020

Purpose. To compare two platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparation methods (double spin (D-PRP) and TriCell PRP (T-PRP)) for eye drops, concentration yields of platelets and other cells, release of growth factors, and efficacy of the de-epithelization rabbit model. Methods. PRP was extracted by D-PRP and T-PRP from 30 ml blood from healthy adults. After extraction, platelets and leukocytes were counted. D-PRP and T-PRP were preserved during A: 1 h storage at room temperature, B: 1 h storage at −20°C, C: 24 h storage at 4°C, and D: 24 h storage at −20°C. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was measured. Freezing/thawing PRP eye drops and control were instilled in the de-epithelization rabbit model four times per day for 5 days. Histology was compared between eyes treated with control, D-PRP, and T-PRP. Results. 14 ml of D-PRP and 4 ml of T-PRP were extracted from 30 ml whole blood samples. D-PRP and T-PRP had 41.36 ± 8.43 × 104 and 67.02 ± 13.55 × 104 platelets and 0.41 ± 0.24 × 103/ml and 10.09 ± 4.29 × 103/ml leucocytes, respectively. In the four storage methods, PDGF concentrations in T-PRP were higher than those in D-PRP eye drops. Freezing/thawing D-PRP and T-PRP increased PDGF concentrations. Histology showed corneal epithelium thickness in T-PRP-treated eyes after healing (38.41 ± 9.10 μm) was significantly higher than that in control-treated (27.77 ± 4.76 μm) and D-PRP-treated eyes (18.32 ± 3.14 μm) (

P

< 0.05). There was no corneal damage with inflammation in corneal stroma and epithelium of all tested groups. Electron microscopy revealed strong adhesion between cell junctions in T-PRP-treated eyes. Conclusions. Freezing/thawing of PRP extracted with the T-PRP kit may result in high platelet and leukocyte concentration and produce high PDGF concentration. PRP eye drops including leucocytes could increase thickness of corneal epithelium without corneal inflammation.
A Randomized Phase IIb Study of Low-dose Tamoxifen in Chest-irradiated Cancer Survivors at Risk for Breast Cancer
Authors: Bhatia Smita , Palomares Melanie R. , Hageman Lindsey , Chen Yanjun , Landier Wendy , Smith Kandice , Umphrey Heidi , Reich Caroline A. , Zamora Kathryn W. , Armenian Saro H. , Bevers Therese B. , Blaes Anne , Henderson Tara , Hodgson David , Hudson Melissa M. , Korde Larissa A. , Melin Susan A. , Merajver Sofia D. , Overholser Linda , Pruthi Sandhya , Wong F. Lennie , Garber Judy E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Low-dose tamoxifen reduces breast cancer risk, but remains untested in chest-irradiated cancer survivors—a population with breast cancer risk comparable with BRCA mutation carriers. We hypothesized that low-dose tamoxifen would be safe and efficacious in reducing radiation-related breast cancer risk.

Patients and Methods:
We conducted an investigator-initiated, randomized, phase IIb, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial (FDA IND107367) between 2010 and 2016 at 15 U.S. sites. Eligibility included ≥12 Gy of chest radiation by age 40 years and age at enrollment ≥25 years. Patients were randomized 1:1 to low-dose tamoxifen (5 mg/day) or identical placebo tablets for 2 years. The primary endpoint was mammographic dense area at baseline, 1 and 2 years. IGF-1 plays a role in breast carcinogenesis; circulating IGF-1 and IGF-BP3 levels at baseline, 1 and 2 years served as secondary endpoints.

Results:
Seventy-two participants (low-dose tamoxifen: n = 34, placebo: n = 38) enrolled at a median age of 43.8 years (35–49) were evaluable. They had received chest radiation at a median dose of 30.3 Gy. Compared with the placebo arm, the low-dose tamoxifen arm participants had significantly lower mammographic dense area (P = 0.02) and IGF1 levels (P &lt; 0.0001), and higher IGFBP-3 levels (P = 0.02). There was no difference in toxicity biomarkers (serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, lipids, and antithrombin III; urine N-telopeptide cross-links) between the treatment arms. We did not identify any grade 3–4 adverse events related to low-dose tamoxifen.

Conclusions:
In this randomized trial in chest-irradiated cancer survivors, we find that low-dose tamoxifen is effective in reducing established biomarkers of breast cancer risk and could serve as a risk-reduction strategy.
An Anti–CD22-seco-CBI-Dimer Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) for the Treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma That Provides a Longer Duration of Response than Auristatin-Based ADCs in Preclinical Models
Authors: Yu Shang-Fan , Lee Donna W. , Zheng Bing , del Rosario Geoffrey , Leipold Douglas , Booler Helen , Zhong Fiona , Carrasco-Triguero Montserrat , Hong Kyu , Yan Peter , Rowntree Rebecca K. , Schutten Melissa M. , Pillow Thomas , Sadowsky Jack D. , Dragovich Peter S. , Polson Andrew G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We are interested in developing a second generation of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that could provide a longer duration of response and be more effective in indolent NHL than the microtubule-inhibiting ADCs pinatuzumab vedotin [anti–CD22-vc-monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE)] and polatuzumab vedotin (anti–CD79b-vc-MMAE). Pinatuzumab vedotin (anti–CD22-vc-MMAE) and polatuzumab vedotin (anti–CD79b-vc-MMAE) are ADCs that contain the microtubule inhibitor MMAE. Clinical trial data suggest that these ADCs have promising efficacy for the treatment of NHL; however, some patients do not respond or become resistant to the ADCs. We tested an anti-CD22 ADC with a seco-CBI-dimer payload, thio-Hu anti–CD22-(LC:K149C)-SN36248, and compared it with pinatuzumab vedotin for its efficacy and duration of response in xenograft models and its ability to deplete normal B cells in cynomolgus monkeys. We found that anti–CD22-(LC:K149C)-SN36248 was effective in xenograft models resistant to pinatuzumab vedotin, gave a longer duration of response, had a different mechanism of resistance, and was able to deplete normal B cells better than pinatuzumab vedotin. These studies provide evidence that anti–CD22-(LC:K149C)-SN36248 has the potential for longer duration of response and more efficacy in indolent NHL than MMAE ADCs and may provide the opportunity to improve outcomes for patients with NHL.