bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Technique to Retrieve Tropospheric Temperature Using Vibrational and Rotational Raman Backscattering
Authors: Su Jia , McCormick M. Patrick , Lei Liqiao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new technique is advanced to obtain tropospheric temperature profile using vibrational Raman (VR) and rotational Raman (RR) backscattering. The proposed technique can obtain tropospheric temperature and decrease retrieval errors caused by insufficient suppression of the Mie backscattering in the RR detection channels. The retrieval equations are obtained using VR and RR lidar equations. The feasibility of this technique is demonstrated by applying the algorithm to the Hampton University VR and RR lidar signals. Intercomparisons of these atmospheric temperature retrievals from the Hampton University lidar show good agreement with local radiosonde measurements. Moreover, the proposed technique is applied to a cloudy case and is further validated by showing the good agreements with radiosonde measurements of cloud temperature.
The Physics of Sediment Transport Initiation, Cessation, and Entrainment Across Aeolian and Fluvial Environments
Authors: Pähtz Thomas , Clark Abram H. , Valyrakis Manousos , Durán Orencio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPredicting the morphodynamics of sedimentary landscapes due to fluvial and aeolian flows requires answering the following questions: Is the flow strong enough to initiate sediment transport, is the flow strong enough to sustain sediment transport once initiated, and how much sediment is transported by the flow in the saturated state (i.e., what is the transport capacity)? In the geomorphological and related literature, the widespread consensus has been that the initiation, cessation, and capacity of fluvial transport, and the initiation of aeolian transport, are controlled by fluid entrainment of bed sediment caused by flow forces overcoming local resisting forces, whereas aeolian transport cessation and capacity are controlled by impact entrainment caused by the impacts of transported particles with the bed. Here the physics of sediment transport initiation, cessation, and capacity is reviewed with emphasis on recent consensus‐challenging developments in sediment transport experiments, two‐phase flow modeling, and the incorporation of granular physics' concepts. Highlighted are the similarities between dense granular flows and sediment transport, such as a superslow granular motion known as creeping (which occurs for arbitrarily weak driving flows) and system‐spanning force networks that resist bed sediment entrainment; the roles of the magnitude and duration of turbulent fluctuation events in fluid entrainment; the traditionally overlooked role of particle‐bed impacts in triggering entrainment events in fluvial transport; and the common physical underpinning of transport thresholds across aeolian and fluvial environments. This sheds a new light on the well‐known Shields diagram, where measurements of fluid entrainment thresholds could actually correspond to entrainment‐independent cessation thresholds.
Active‐C Realization of Multifunction Biquadratic Filter and Third‐Order Oscillator
Authors: Mohan J. , Chaturvedi B. , Kumar A. , Jitender  
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe paper introduces a new circuit of voltage‐mode multifunction biquadratic filter employing one fully differential second‐generation current conveyor, three active resistors, and two capacitors. The circuit uses metal oxide semiconductor‐based active resistors instead of passive resistors to make the circuit more suitable for monolithic integration as well as to provide additional feature of electronically controllable pole frequency. Low‐pass, high‐pass, band‐pass, and band‐reject filtering functions are simultaneously realizable without need of any component matching constraints from the proposed multifunction biquadratic filter. Additionally, the nonideal aspects of multifunction biquadratic filter circuit are studied. Furthermore, a third‐order dual‐mode quadrature oscillator is also derived from the low‐pass function of the proposed multifunction filter to check its applicability. The proposed oscillator structure makes the output current readily available from high‐impedance terminals. The performance of both multifunction biquadratic filter circuit and oscillator circuit is examined with the help of HSPICE simulations.
Radio propagation measurements and modeling for standardization of the site general path loss model in International Telecommunications Union recommendations for 5G wireless networks
Authors: Salous S. , Lee J. , Kim M. D. , Sasaki M. , Yamada W. , Raimundo X. , Cheema A. A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe International Telecommunications Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU‐R) Study Group 3 identified the need for a number of radio channel models in anticipation of the World Radiocommunications Conference in 2019 when the frequency allocation for 5G will be discussed. In response to the call for propagation path loss models, members of the study group carried out measurements in the frequency bands between 0.8 GHz up to 73 GHz in urban low‐rise and urban high‐rise as well as suburban environments. The data were subsequently merged to generate site general path loss models. The paper presents an overview of the radio channel measurements, the measured environments, the data analysis, and the approach for the derivation of the path loss model adopted in Recommendation ITU‐R P.1411‐10 (2019‐08).
OT-82, a novel anticancer drug candidate that targets the strong dependence of hematological malignancies on NAD biosynthesis
Authors: Korotchkina Lioubov , Kazyulkin Denis , Komarov Pavel G. , Polinsky Alex , Andrianova Ekaterina L. , Joshi Sangeeta , Gupta Mahima , Vujcic Slavoljub , Kononov Eugene , Toshkov Ilia , Tian Yuan , Krasnov Peter , Chernov Mikhail V. , Veith Jean , Antoch Marina P. , Middlemiss Shiloh , Somers Klaartje , Lock Richard B. , Norris Murray D. , Henderson Michelle J. , Haber Michelle , Chernova Olga B. , Gudkov Andrei V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEffective treatment of some types of cancer can be achieved by modulating cell lineage-specific rather than tumor-specific targets. We conducted a systematic search for novel agents selectively toxic to cells of hematopoietic origin. Chemical library screenings followed by hit-to-lead optimization identified OT-82, a small molecule with strong efficacy against hematopoietic malignancies including acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic adult and pediatric leukemias, erythroleukemia, multiple myeloma, and Burkitt’s lymphoma in vitro and in mouse xenograft models. OT-82 was also more toxic towards patients-derived leukemic cells versus healthy bone marrow-derived hematopoietic precursors. OT-82 was shown to induce cell death by inhibiting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage pathway of NAD synthesis. In mice, optimization of OT-82 dosing and dietary niacin further expanded the compound’s therapeutic index. In toxicological studies conducted in mice and nonhuman primates, OT-82 showed no cardiac, neurological or retinal toxicities observed with other NAMPT inhibitors and had no effect on mouse aging or longevity. Hematopoietic and lymphoid organs were identified as the primary targets for dose limiting toxicity of OT-82 in both species. These results reveal strong dependence of neoplastic cells of hematopoietic origin on NAMPT and introduce OT-82 as a promising candidate for the treatment of hematological malignancies.
Polygenic risk for Alzheimer's disease shapes hippocampal scene-selectivity
Authors: Chandler Hannah L. , Hodgetts Carl J. , Caseras Xavier , Murphy Kevin , Lancaster Thomas M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPreclinical models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) suggest APOE modulates brain function in structures vulnerable to AD pathophysiology. However, genome-wide association studies now demonstrate that AD risk is shaped by a broader polygenic architecture, estimated via polygenic risk scoring (AD-PRS). Despite this breakthrough, the effect of AD-PRS on brain function in young individuals remains unknown. In a large sample (N = 608) of young, asymptomatic individuals, we measure the impact of both (i) APOE and (ii) AD-PRS on a vulnerable cortico-limbic scene-processing network heavily implicated in AD pathophysiology. Integrity of this network, which includes the hippocampus (HC), is fundamental for maintaining cognitive function during ageing. We show that AD-PRS, not APOE, selectively influences activity within the HC in response to scenes, while other perceptual nodes remained intact. This work highlights the impact of polygenic contributions to brain function beyond APOE, which could aid potential therapeutic/interventional strategies in the detection and prevention of AD.
Dietary determinants of aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct in pregnant women consuming a rice-dominated diet in Nepal
Authors: Andrews-Trevino Johanna Y. , Webb Patrick , Shively Gerald , Rogers Beatrice , Baral Kedar , Davis Dale , Paudel Krishna , Pokharel Ashish , Shrestha Robin , Wang Jia-Sheng , Xue Kathy S. , Ghosh Shibani 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAflatoxins are found in diverse foods widely consumed worldwide. This study investigated the association between aflatoxin exposure and (a) consumption of specific foods, (b) dietary diversity (DD), and (c) seasonality.MethodsWomen enrolled in the AflaCohort Study in Banke, Nepal (n = 1648) were asked how often they ate certain food items in the past 7 days and 24 h. Serum aflatoxin B1-lysine (AFB1-lys) adduct levels, measured during pregnancy, were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Multivariable ordinary least squares and quantile regression models were used to examine incremental increases in AFB1-lys adduct levels per frequency of food consumption and the relationship between DD, seasonality, and increases in AFB1-lys adduct.ResultsRoughly 94% of women were exposed to aflatoxin (geometric mean 1.37 pg/mg). Women in the 30th, 50th, and 70th quantiles of aflatoxin exposure who reported one more occasion of maize consumption in the past week showed increases in AFB1-lys adduct levels: 0.094, 0.112, and 0.109 pg/mg (p < 0.05, all). Women in the 30th, 50th, 70th, and 90th quantiles of exposure who reported one more occasion of groundnut consumption in the past week also showed increases in AFB1-lys adduct levels: 0.058 (p < 0.001), 0.085 (p < 0.01), 0.133 (p < 0.001), and 0.133 (p < 0.001) pg/mg. Winter month recruitment was positively associated with AFB1-lys adduct levels at all quantiles of aflatoxin exposure (range: 0.313–1.101 pg/mg,p < 0.001). DD was not predictive of aflatoxin exposure.ConclusionsOur findings justify integrated approaches to aflatoxin reduction, including regulatory, agricultural, and food safety interventions across the value chain and at the household level.
Microfluidic control over topological states in channel-confined nematic flows
Authors: Čopar Simon , Kos Žiga , Emeršič Tadej , Tkalec Uroš 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCompared to isotropic liquids, orientational order of nematic liquid crystals makes their rheological properties more involved, and thus requires fine control of the flow parameters to govern the orientational patterns. In microfluidic channels with perpendicular surface alignment, nematics discontinuously transition from perpendicular structure at low flow rates to flow-aligned structure at high flow rates. Here we show how precise tuning of the driving pressure can be used to stabilize and manipulate a previously unresearched topologically protected chiral intermediate state which arises before the homeotropic to flow-aligned transition. We characterize the mechanisms underlying the transition and construct a phenomenological model to describe the critical behaviour and the phase diagram of the observed chiral flow state, and evaluate the effect of a forced symmetry breaking by introduction of a chiral dopant. Finally, we induce transitions on demand through channel geometry, application of laser tweezers, and careful control of the flow rate.
Early-exposure to new sex pheromone blends alters mate preference in female butterflies and in their offspring
Authors: Dion Emilie , Pui Li Xian , Weber Katie , Monteiro Antónia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile the diversity of sex pheromone communication systems across insects is well documented, the mechanisms that lead to such diversity are not well understood. Sex pheromones constitute a species-specific system of sexual communication that reinforces interspecific reproductive isolation. When odor blends evolve, the efficacy of male-female communication becomes compromised, unless preference for novel blends also evolves. We explore odor learning as a possible mechanism leading to changes in sex pheromone preferences in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Our experiments reveal mating patterns suggesting that mating bias for new blends can develop following a short learning experience, and that this maternal experience impacts the mating outcome of offspring without further exposure. We propose that odor learning can be a key factor in the evolution of sex pheromone blend recognition and in chemosensory speciation.
Direct observation of dynamic protein interactions involving human microtubules using solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Luo Yanzhang , Xiang ShengQi , Hooikaas Peter Jan , van Bezouwen Laura , Jijumon A. S. , Janke Carsten , Förster Friedrich , Akhmanova Anna , Baldus Marc 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicrotubules are important components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Their structural organization is regulated by nucleotide binding and many microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). While cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography have provided detailed views of interactions between MAPs with the microtubule lattice, little is known about how MAPs and their intrinsically disordered regions interact with the dynamic microtubule surface. NMR carries the potential to directly probe such interactions but so far has been precluded by the low tubulin yield. We present a protocol to produce [13C, 15N]-labeled, functional microtubules (MTs) from human cells for solid-state NMR studies. This approach allowed us to demonstrate that MAPs can differently modulate the fast time-scale dynamics of C-terminal tubulin tails, suggesting distinct interaction modes. Our results pave the way for in-depth NMR studies of protein dynamics involved in MT assembly and their interactions with other cellular components.
Giant Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenoma: Clinical Characteristics and Therapeutic Outcomes
Authors: Iglesias Pedro , Arcano Karina , Triviño Vanessa , Guerrero-Pérez Fernando , Rodríguez Berrocal Víctor , Vior Carlos , Cordido Fernando , Villabona Carles , Díez Juan J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Giant pituitary adenoma (≥4 cm) is a rare tumor whose clinical features and prognosis are not well known.
Aim To evaluate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of giant non-functioning PA (gNFPA).
Patients and Methods A retrospective multicenter study of gNFPA patients diagnosed in a 12-year period was performed. In each patient, clinical data and therapeutic outcomes were registered.
Results Forty patients (24 men, age 54.2 ± 16.2 years) were studied. The maximum tumor diameter [median (interquartile range)] was 4.6 cm (4.1–5.1). Women had larger tumors [4.8 cm (4.2–5.4) vs. 4.5 cm (4.0–4.9); p=0.048]. Hypopituitarism [partial (n=22, 55%) or complete (n=9, 22.5%)] at diagnosis was present in 77.5% of the patients. Visual field defects were found in 90.9%. The most used surgical technique was endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal (EET) surgery (n=31, 77.5%). Radiotherapy was used in 11 (27.5%) patients (median dose 50.4 Gy, range 50–54). Thirty-seven patients were followed for 36 months (10–67 months). Although more than half of these patients showed tumor persistence (n=25, 67.6%), tumor size was significantly reduced [0.8 cm (0–2.5); p<0.001]. At last visit, 12 patients (32.4%) showed absence of tumor on MRI. Hypopituitarism rate was similar (75.0%), although with significant changes (p<0.001) in the distribution of the type of hypopituitarism. The absence of tumor at the last visit was positively associated with positive immunohistochemical staining for FSH (p=0.01) and LH (p=0.006) and negatively with female sex (p=0.011), cavernous sinus invasion (p=0.005) and the presence of Knosp grade 4 (p=0.013).
Conclusion gNFPAs are more frequent in men but tumors are larger in women. Surgical treatment is followed by a complete tumor resection rate of approximately 30%. Positive immunostaining for gonadotropins is associated with tumor absence at last revision, while female sex and invasion of the cavernous sinuses with tumor persistence.
Organo-f-Complexes for Efficient and Selective Hydroborations
Authors: Liu Heng , Eisen Moris S. 
Published: January 2020

Organo-f-complexes catalyzing small molecule transformations have been a hot topic in the past few years. Compared to other transformations, the hydroboration of C=X (X = C, N, O) unsaturated bonds serves as an important strategy to prepare organoborane derivatives, which are important intermediates in organic synthesis. This review outlines recent advances in organolanthanide and organoactinide complexes promoting the hydroboration of C=X containing substrates. After a brief introduction, three types of hydroboration will be presented: alkene hydroboration, carbonyl hydroboration, and imine and nitrile hydroborations. The catalytic performance, mechanism, and kinetic studies are discussed in detail, aiming to emphasize the catalytic differences between the diverse organo-f-catalysts. Additionally, challenges and future directions of this field are also presented.1	Introduction2	Alkene Hydroboration3	Carbonyl Hydroboration4	Imine and Nitrile Hydroboration5	Conclusions and Outlook
Carbon monoxide in the process of uncontrolled combustion - occurrence, hazards and first aid
Authors: Majstorović A , Babić V , Todić M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a highly toxic gas, odorless and tasteless, belongs to the group of flammable and explosive gases, and is produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels in power plants, automobiles, households and various industrial processes. It is very active in chemistry, reacts with many metals, sulfur, chlorine, etc.
As it is flammable and explosive gas, it is a significant risk of its ignition if found near an open flame. Carbon dioxide, dry chemical or water is used for quenching, [1].
The concentration of 1 % carbon monoxide in the air is lethal. Carbon monoxide is toxic and indirectly contributes to global warming as a precursor to ozone. Carbon monoxide emissions from the atmosphere come from a number of sources, most of all traffic.The introduction of catalytic converters, and especially diesel vehicles, has significantly reduced carbon monoxide emissions in the EU and in countries in transition.
Influence of the thickness of the Tungsten Carbide (WC) coating deposited on martensitic stainless steel on corrosion resistance
Authors: Benea M L , Benea L P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
On the martensitic non-corrosive steel support (Z12CNDV12) it is deposited by plasma jet, tungsten carbide, in three different thicknesses. We determined the electrochemical potential of both the coating layer and the substrate for different concentrations of NaCl in a solution. The experimental results are mathematically processed. From each protective coating a 1, 2 and 3 degree polynomial fit were obtained. Also, the comparison between the three obtained thicknesses mathematical function is realized.
Modification of the average durability for CuSn12 bronze at cavitation erosion using volumetric treatments
Authors: Lazar I , Bordeasu I , Popoviciu M O , Hluscu M , Podoleanu C E , Duma S T , Pirvulescu L D , Sava M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The bronze CuSn is used sometimes for equipment components working in cavitation conditions, as for example ship propellers, bodies and other parts of valves. To increase the working time, in cavitation conditions, those elements can be subjected to volumetric thermal treatments. The present research is concerned with the increase of the mean durability

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, of the bronze CuSn12 by applying two volume treatments: quenching both at 700°C and 800°C, with tempering at 500°C. The cavitation erosion behavior was experimentally tested using the standard vibratory device of the Cavitation Laboratory of Timisoara Polytechnic University. Comparing the results we found that the durability, in both cases, is substantial increased, the better solution being the quenching with the lower temperature.
Mining exploitation forecasted effects caused by a hard coal extraction from a thick seam
Authors: Orwat J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Paper describes an example of underground mining exploitation which in a thick seam divided into a few layers has been conducted. It took place in the years 2013 – 2018 in the southern part of Poland, in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin and was carried out by the use of four, high longwalls with a roof rocks cave-in. In article a reprognosis of the mining exploitation impacts on a terrain surface has been done. For this purpose the EDN – OPN computer program was used. Extraction influences by the use of the Bialek’s formula for subsidence have been predicted. There the subsidence, inclinations and horizontal strains after the end of every exploitation stage have been calculated. Thanks to that it is possible to determine the expected range and size of exploitation impacts on a terrain surface and the objects located on it.
About the calculus of the relative frequency shifts for a beam with multiple cracks
Authors: Gillich G R , Nedelcu D , Hamat C O , Wahab M Abdel , Barbinta C I 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe propose in this paper a mathematical relationship to calculate the natural frequency shifts of beams due to multiple cracks. The relationship is based on the application of the superposition principle. A crack alters the frequencies for the bending vibration modes in a particular manner, with respect to the crack depth and location. We have shown that the affected beam have the same natural frequencies as a healthy beam with a smaller thickness; this thickness has to be calculated separately for each vibration mode. As a consequence, we can consider the next crack affects healthy beams, one different beam for each considered mode. Subsequent cracks affect a bigger number of beams. For the last crack, we have to calculate the frequencies for a number of beams that is the number of the considered vibration modes to the power equal with the number of cracks. To automate the process of calculating the resulted natural frequencies, we have written a program in Visual Basic for Excel Applications (VBEA), which permits finding the natural frequencies of a beam with up to nine cracks. This application can calculate the natural frequencies for four beam types: with fixed-free, fixed-fixed, simply supported and free-free restraints. The results obtained by calculating the frequencies for several damage scenarios and boundary conditions fit those obtained from simulations by involving the finite element method.