bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary bypass duration is an independent predictor of adverse outcome in surgical repair for acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Zhang Kai , Pan Xu-Dong , Dong Song-Bo , Zhu Kai , Zheng Jun , Xu Shang-Dong , Sun Li-Zhong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a life-threatening condition that requires surgical intervention. This study investigated the relationship between cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration and stroke or early death in ATAAD patients receiving total aortic arch replacement with the frozen elephant trunk procedure (TAR with FET).
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Beijing Anzhen Hospital from December 2014 to June 2016. Patients receiving TAR with FET for ATAAD were included. CPB duration was recorded during the operation. Adverse outcome (AO) was defined as 30-day mortality or stroke. In total, 258 consecutive patients were ultimately analysed. In addition, as the primary outcome, AO was compared using propensity-matched scoring (PS).
Results
The incidence of AO was 13.6% (n = 35). The 30-day mortality rate was 10.8%, and the stroke rate was 9.3%. Patients were aged 47.9 ± 10.6 years old and were predominantly male (76.0%). The average CPB duration was 224.3 ± 58.7 min. The duration of CPB was an independent predictor of AO occurrence after adjusting for confounding factors through multivariable logistic regression analysis (OR 1.101, 95% CI 1.003–1.208; P = 0.042). After PS matching, 33 matched pairs were created. In the matched analysis, CPB duration remained an AO risk factor (OR 1.178, 95% CI 1.032–1.345; P = 0.015).
Conclusions
CPB duration is an independent predictor of adverse outcome in surgical repair for ATAAD. The underlying mechanisms of this association are key for the development of improved prevention strategies.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Depression in Postnatal Women in the Case of a Low-Income Country; Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Necho Mogesie , Abadisharew Merid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMaternal mental health in the postpartum period is essential for the optimal development of the newborn and appropriate breastfeeding practices. Despite this, a shortage of concrete evidence exists regarding the magnitude of postpartum depression and associated factors. This meta-analysis study was therefore done to fill such a gap.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE were investigated with no time limitation. A manual search for a reference list of articles was also done. Relevant data were extracted using Meta XL package and analysis was done Stata-11 meta-prop package. Heterogeneity was checked with Cochran's Q-statistics and the Higgs I2 test. Furthermore, sub-group and sensitivity analyses were done. Egger's test and funnel plots tests were engaged to identify publication bias.ResultsA total of 16 studies that assessed 11400 postpartum women in Ethiopia were included. The average estimated prevalence of postpartum depression was 21.9% (95% CI: 18.98, 24.77). The pooled prevalence of postpartum depression was higher in studies that used SRQ-20; 24.6% (95% CI: 18.42, 30.84) than studies that used PHQ-9; 18.9% (95% CI: 11.52, 26.28). Moreover, the pooled estimated prevalence of postpartum depression was slightly higher in the southern part of Ethiopia (22.6%) than Addis Ababa (21.2%). Poor marital relation (pooled aOR = 3.56) (95% CI: 2.50, 4.63), unplanned pregnancy (pooled aOR = 3.48) (95% CI: 2.18, 4.79), previous history of depression (pooled aOR = 4.33) (95% CI: 2.26, 6.59), poor social support (pooled aOR = 4.5) (95% CI: 3.34, 5.56), domestic violence (pooled aOR = 3.77) (95% CI: 2.62, 4.92), family history of mental illness (pooled aOR = 4) (95% CI:1.56, 6.56), use of substance (pooled aOR = 4.67) (95% CI:4.00, 5.34), low income (pooled aOR = 2.87) (95% CI: 1.59, 4.14), stressful life event (pooled aOR = 3.5) (95% CI: 1.39, 5.87) and perinatal complications (pooled aOR = 3.8)( 95% CI: 1.45, 6.15) were among the associated factors for postpartum depression in Ethiopia.ConclusionMore than one in five women was with postpartum depression and factors such as poor marital relations, history of depression, poor social support, domestic violence, unplanned pregnancy, family history of mental illness were related to it. Therefore, maternal postnatal care services should be geared to incorporate this public essential health concern.
Long-term Outcomes and Quality of Life Following Parotidectomy for Benign Disease: A Cohort Study
Authors: Plath Michaela , Sand Matthias Sand , Plinkert Peter K. , Baumann Ingo , Zaoui Karim 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Backround:Parotidectomy may be burdened by numerous complications that may worsen subjects' quality of life (QoL). So far, the literature still lacks of long-term data (> 10 years) answering to the question what impacted the patients the most on QOL after parotidectomy compared to well-published short-term data.Methods:A prospective long-term follow-up study was carried out. Participants were divided into three groups concerning the follow-up: short-term (ST; 6 postoperative weeks), long-term (LT; 13 years postoperative) and short- and long-term (SLT) on same patient collective. QOL was assessed by the Parotidectomy Outcome Inventory (POI-8). Demographic and clinical data were collected from all patients. Operative reports were used to classify all parotidectomies as great nerve auricular (GAN) “preserving” or GAN “sacrificing” surgical preparations.Results:74 LT, 57 ST and 33 SLT patients were enrolled in this study. Hypoesthesia posed the major short- and long-term problem whereas facial palsy posed the minor problem. Pain (p < 0.01) and hypoesthesia (p < 0.001) significantly improved from six weeks to 13 years after parotidectomy as well as the overall POI-8 score (p = 0.04). The disease-specific impairment rate decreased from short (≈ 70%) to long-term (≈ 30%) follow-up. Sacrifice of the auricular nerve was associated with hypoesthesia in the ST-cohort (p = 0.028).Conclusion:To our knowledge, this study represents the longest follow-up of patients undergoing parotidectomy. Hypoesthesia significantly improved but still remains on long-follow-up without impacting QOL. As part of the preoperative informed consent, prolonged or permanent hypoesthesia should be explicitly emphasized.Trial registration:This study was prospectively approved and registered by the local Ethics Committee (Project Trial No: S-300/2007 and S-443/2018).
Fertility variation, seed collection and gene diversity in natural stands of Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani)
Authors: Bilir Nebi , Kang Kyu-Suk 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Seed stand is one of the important seed sources that is essential for global seed production programs. The primary objective of seed stands is to produce seeds as fast as possible. Characteristics of seed stand seeds depend mainly on stand quality, fertility variation and mating system. Individual fertility is an ability to produce progeny to next generation. Prediction of fertility variation is useful for seed production, genetic resources management and gene conservation. In this study, we report how to estimate fertility variation and gene diversity, and discuss its effect on the management of natural stands of Taurus cedar.
Results
Fertility variation and gene diversity were estimated based on the differences of strobilus production in female and male parents from three seed stands of Taurus cedar. A total of 50 trees were randomly chosen from each seed stand, and the female and male strobili were counted for three consecutive years. The coefficients of variation for female and male strobilus production were subjected to estimation female and male fertility variation. The total fertility variation (Ψ) was then estimated from the female and male fertility variation. The effective number of parents (Np) was calculated based on the Ψ. The mean of female strobili ranged from 31 to 150, and that of male strobili ranged between 77 and 828. The Ψ in a good crop year was smaller than in a poor year and the Np varied from 34.7 to 44.2. The Ψ was improved and the Np was increased when strobilus productions were pooled across three years or populations. The equal cone harvest could mitigate the fertility variation among individuals but caused loss of seed production.
Conclusions
The effective number of parents could estimate gene diversity of seeds from natural stands, which was based on the function of correlated fertility variation between female and male parents. Mixing seeds from different years could improve the fertility variation among individuals and increase the gene diversity of seeds. However, a balancing between the effective number of parents and the number of mixed years or populations should be carefully considered for maintaining the gene diversity.
Community Engagement and Building Trust to Resolve Ethical Challenges during Humanitarian Crises: Experience from the CAGED Study in Ethiopia
Authors: Yimer Getnet , Gebreyes Wondwossen , Havelaar Arie , Yousuf Jemal , McKune Sarah , Mohammed Abdulmuen , O’Mathúna Dónal 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
According to data from the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre’s Global Report on Internal Displacement 2019, Ethiopia had the highest number of people newly displaced within their own country due to violence. Several regions in the country experience on-going ethnic tensions and violent tribal conflict, which leaves smallholder farmers suspicious and distrustful of any outside activities in their locale, fearing harm from other ethnic groups. Changes in the central Ethiopian government have also led to suspicion of non-local agencies. The Campylobacter Genomics and Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) research project’s objective is to improve the incomes, livelihoods and nutrition of smallholder farmers and was conducted during this period of increased tension and violence. The project aims to assess the impact of reducing exposure to chicken excreta on young children’s gut health and growth. To inform the study design, formative baseline field data was collected between March 2018 and February 2019 by a team of trained and experienced human and animal health professionals from the same region, who speak the local language.
Discussion
This research is important to determine whether Campylobacter infection in chickens contributes to illness and stunting in children. Stunting is widespread in humanitarian settings, with major implications for children’s well-being and social inequalities. During this research, violence against other researchers elsewhere in Ethiopia led to mistrust and lack of engagement by the community. Hostile reactions developed until the team was fearful about returning to certain households. The team designed mitigation strategies in response, including establishing two types of community advisory boards. One used pre-existing village elder structures and another included village youth. Data collection team members received training in principles of ethics, consent, and crisis management, and were provided on-going support from local and international principal investigators and the study’s ethics advisor.
Conclusion
Tension and conflict led to mistrust of outsiders which generated fear among the CAGED data collectors The resulting challenges were addressed by innovative strategies which also delayed the research process. The interventions resulted in successful completion of the field activities. The lessons learned are being implemented with other projects being conducted in various parts of Ethiopia.
Impact of Primary Headache Disorder on Quality of Life Among School students in Kuwait
Authors: Al-Hashel Jasem Yousef , Alroughani Raed , Shuaibi Sameera , AlAshqar Abdelrahman , AlHamdan Fajer , AlThufairi Hawraa , Owayed Shaikhah , Ahmed Samar Farouk 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Primary headache disorders have being increasingly reported in younger populations. They can have significant effects on their quality of life and academic achievement and may cause significant distress to their families. Aims and Objectives To assess the burden of primary headache disorder and its impact on the quality of life on school student in Kuwait. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among Kuwaiti primary and middle school students of both genders in randomly selected schools located in two governorates in 2018/2019 academic year. Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, Social Handicap and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) questionnaire for children and adolescents was used to assess the impact of primary headaches on the quality of life. Results 1091 questionnaires were completed by primary and middle school students of both genders; of whom 466 students (girls 321 (68.88%) were diagnosed with primary headache disorders with mean age 11.98 + 2.03 years. In the month prior to the survey, the effect of the headache was variable. The students lost a mean of 1.99 + 2.015 days of school while they could not perform their usual activities for a mean of 2.84 + 4.28 days. Their parents lost a mean of 2 + 2.03 days of work because of headaches of their children and parents prohibited 5.7% of the students to engage in any activity due to their headaches. Difficulties in concentrations were reported as never sometimes (39.1%), often (24.8%), and always (26%). Majority of the students (?%) experienced a feeling of sadness ranging from sometimes to always. Most of the students (?%) struggled to cope with the headache and 22.4% were never able to cope. Additionally, 19.4% of students reported they did not want others noticing their headache. Conclusion Primary headache disorder can have a significant impact on the quality of life in children. It can affect their engagement in activities and academic achievement. Implementing strategies to properly manage schoolchildren with primary headaches can have profound effects on their quality of life.
Effect of Hypertension on Outcomes of Adult Inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Propensity Score–matching Analysis
Authors: Yang Qing , Zhou Ying , Wang Xinrong , Gao Shan , Xiao Yang , Zhang Weimin , Hu Yi , Wang Yafei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with underlying comorbidities can have worse outcomes. However, the effect of hypertension on outcomes of COVID-19 patients remains unclear.Research Question: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of hypertension on the outcomes of patients with COVID-19 by using propensity score–matching (PSM) analysis.Study Design and Methods: Participants enrolled in this study were patients with COVID-19 who had been hospitalized at the Central Hospital of Wuhan, China. Chronic comorbidities and laboratory and radiological data were reviewed; patient outcomes and lengths of stay were obtained from discharge records. We used the Cox proportional-hazard model (CPHM) to analyze the effect of hypertension on these patients’ outcomes and PSM analysis to further validate the abovementioned effect.Results: A total of 226 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in this study, of whom 176 survived and 50 died. The proportion of patients with hypertension among non-survivors was higher than that among survivors (26.70% vs. 74.00%; P < 0.001). Results obtained via CPHM showed that hypertension could increase risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients (hazard ratio 3.317; 95% CI [1.709–6.440]; P < 0.001). Increased D-dimer levels and higher ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (N/L) were also found to increase these patients’ mortality risk. After matching on propensity score, we still came to similar conclusions. After we applied the same method in critically ill patients, we found that hypertension also increased risk of death in patients with severe COVID-19.Conclusion: Hypertension, increased D-dimer and the ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte increased mortality in patients with COVID-19, with hypertension in particular.
Exploring the Relationship between Adult Women’s Participation in Recreational Soccer and Self-Efficacy in Rural Kenya
Authors: Barchi Francis , Winter Samantha C. , Thomas Bendettah Methina , Mbogo Daniel , Ammerman Brittany 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Increases in non-communicable diseases in Kenya are attributed in part to a decrease in physical activity. Although, sports programs for girls and young adult women promote health, reduce risk behaviors and build self-efficacy, similar programs for adult women in Kenya are largely unavailable. The Nikumbuke Soccer League, a recreational soccer program for adult women in southeastern Kenya, is a notable exception.Methods Data for this analysis were taken from a 2018–2019 study of women’s experiences in an adult women’s soccer league coordinated by the Nikumbuke Project in ten communities in southeastern rural Kenya. 702 project members, 229 of whom play soccer, participated in semi-structured interviews containing questions on demographics, self-efficacy, and health. Frequencies were run for all variables with separate bivariate analyses examining socio-demographic attributes and two outcome variables of interest, general self-efficacy (GSE) and participation in soccer. Linear and logistic regressions were run to explore the relationship between women’s self-efficacy and participation in soccer, controlling for socio-demographic covariates.Results The average age of respondents was approximately 40 years with the majority of women being married with three or more children and living below the national poverty line. 40% of women had no formal education, and another 30% had some schooling but had not completed primary education. Results from the linear regression suggest that participation in recreational soccer, controlling for other demographic attributes, was associated with a 1.57 point increase on the GSE scale. Results from the logistic regression suggest that a single point increase on the GSE scale is associated with 8% higher odds of being a member of the soccer program at Nikumbuke, suggesting a bi-directional relationship between self-efficacy and participation in recreational soccer.Conclusion Programs such as the Nikumbuke Soccer League provide adult women with opportunities to engage in recreational physical activity outside of the highly gendered domestic world in which they live. Given its potential to improve women’s health, build self-efficacy, and expand social roles for women, programs like the Nikumbuke Soccer League should be expanded across Kenya and other countries in the region where similar opportunities for women do not currently exist.
Ginsenoside Rg1-Notoginsenoside R1-Protocatechuic aldehyde attenuates low shear stress-induced vascular endothelial cell dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Yuan , Ma Xin , Wang Xiaojie , Zhang Lingxiao , Li Yunlun , Yang Wenqing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

The Fufang Danshen formula is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the clinical treatment of coronary heart disease. However, there is no literature reporting the anti-atherosclerotic effect and mechanism of its combination of active ingredients, namely Ginsenoside Rg1-Notoginsenoside R1-Protocatechuic aldehyde (PPR). The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effects in ApoE−/− mice and potential mechanism of PPR in low shear stress-injured vascular endothelial cell.
Methods

In vivo assay, ApoE−/−mice were randomly divided into three groups: model group, Rosuvastatin group, and PPR group, with C57BL/6J mice as control group. A variety of staining methods were utilized for the observation of aortic plaque. The changes of the blood lipid indexes were observed by an automatic biochemistry analyzer. ET-1, eNOS, TAX2, and PGI2 were analyzed by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. In vitro, we used fluid shear system to induce cell injury and silenced Piezo1 expression in HUVECs by siRNA. We observed the morphological, proliferation, migration and tube formation activity changes of cells after PPR intervention. Quantitative Real-Time PCR and western blot analysis was applied to observe m RNA and protein expression.
Results

Results showed that PPR treatment reduced atherosclerotic area and lipid level and improved endothelial function in ApoE−/− mice. PPR significantly repaired cell morphology, reduced cell excessive proliferation and ameliorated migration and tube formation activity. In addition, we found that PPR could affect FAK-PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Importantly, Piezo1 siRNA abolished the protection effects of PPR.
Conclusions

In summary, our results suggested that PPR ameliorated atherosclerotic plaque formation and endothelial cell injury by intervening the FAK-PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Piezo1 is a possible target of PPR in the treatment of atherosclerosis. These results indicate that PPR may be apotential drug for atherosclerosis.
Overexpressing PLA2G6 mutations cause symptoms of young–onset dystonia–parkinsonism type 14 and reduction in DHA levels in zebrafish model
Authors: Yeh Tu-Hsueh , Liu Han-Fang , Cheng Mei-Ling , Huang Yin-Cheng , Huang Ying-Zu , Lu Chin-Song , Chiu Ching-Chi , Chen Hao-Yuan , Cheng Yi-Chuan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder, which is currently incurable. Mutations in many genes have been demonstrated to be the primary risk factors associated with the familial or idiopathic PD; however, the mechanisms underlying these genetic mutations resulting in parkinsonism remains unclear. Phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6) has been shown to regulate lipid metabolism and homeostasis in the nervous system. Previous studies have shown that point mutations in PLA2G6 might be the risk factors associated with the young–onset of dystonia–parkinsonism type 14 (PARK14). However, limited information is available regarding its pathogenic role and the mechanism underlying its function. Methods: To study the role of PLA2G6 mutations in zebrafish PARK14 models, we injected different mutation constructs of human PLA2G6 genes and zebrafish pla2g6 deletion constructs in the zebrafish larvae. We analyzed the locomotion behavior, performed immunohistochemistry to examine the formation of dopaminergic neurons, and identified the defective metabolites affected by PLA2G6 mutations through metabolomics analysis. Results: Injection of human PLA2G6 mutations and zebrafish pla2g6 deletion constructs induced symptoms such as motility defects and reduced number of dopaminergic neurons, and these symptoms resembled those observed in PARK14. These phenotypes could be rescued by treatment with L-dopa. Furthermore, the injection of two PLA2G6 mutation constructs, D331Y and T572I, led to a decrease in the phospholipase activity of PLA2G6 and its lipid metabolites, indicating that these two mutations are the loss-of-function mutations. We further performed metabolomics analysis to identify which lipids are majorly affected by the overexpression of PLA2G6 and PLA2G6 mutants. We found that injecting D331Y or T572I mutation constructs led to higher phospholipid and lower DHA levels. Conclusions: D331Y and T572I injections in zebrafish were sufficient to create a PD phenotypes. In addition, D331Y and T572I are loss of function mutations and cause defective phospholipase activity and reduced the level of DHA. These results have helped us elucidate the role of PLA2G6 mutations in PARK14 and further led to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PD. The results of this study may also facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for PD.