bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of exercise on systemic and bone concentrations of growth factors in rats
Authors: Bravenboer Nathalie , Engelbregt Mia J. T. , Visser Nanette A. , Popp‐Snijders Corrie , Lips Paul 
Published: July 2002

AbstractExercise can prevent bone loss and increase bone density. Growth factors such as insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) are thought to be involved in the local response to mechanical loading, resulting in bone remodelling. We tested the effect of additional weight bearing during exercise on the systemic response of IGF‐I and local bone response of IGF‐I and TGFβ.Thirty‐four female Wistar rats (aged 3 months, weight 226.9 ± 20.2 g) were randomly divided in four groups: group 1 baseline controls; group 2 sedentary controls; group 3 ran 15 min a day on a motor‐driven exercise belt; group 4 ran 15 min a day with a backpack containing 40 g. The animals ran 5 days a week, for 6 weeks, with an average velocity of 16.6 ± 4.4 m/min, and a slope of 5° uphill.The serum growth hormone (GH) concentration was significantly higher in the running rats (group 3, P = 0.009) than in the sedentary controls (group 2). The IGF‐I and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) levels in serum and the IGF‐I levels in liver were similar in all groups. In the tibia no significant differences were observed in IGF‐I, IGFBP3 and TGFβ concentration. In the humerus, the IGF‐I concentration was lower in the running rats (group 3) than in the sedentary controls (P = 0.04), but it was higher in the rats that ran with additional weight than in those without (P = 0.009). The TGFβ concentration in the humerus was lower in both group 3 (P = 0.001) and 4 (P = 0.03) than in the sedentary controls.The effects in bone caused by mechanical stimulation cannot be explained by changes in serum IGF‐I and IGF‐I produced in the liver. The concentrations of IGF‐I and TGFβ in bone appeared to be modulated by running exercise. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Punlished by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Domain Wall Motion in Magnetic Nanostrips
Authors: Alejos Oscar , Raposo Víctor , Martínez Eduardo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Domain walls (DWs) are the transition regions between two magnetic domains. These objects have been very relevant during the last decade, not only due to their intrinsic interest in the development of novel spintronic devices but also because of their fundamental interest. The study of DW has been linked to the research on novel spin–orbit coupling phenomena, such as the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and the spin Hall effect. DWs can be nucleated in ferromagnetic (FM) nanostrips and can be driven by conventional magnetic fields and spin currents due to the injection of electrical pulses, which make them very promising for technological applications of recording and logic devices. In this article, based on full micromagnetic simulations supported by extended one‐dimensional models, we describe the static and dynamic properties of DWs in thin FM and ferrimagnetic wires with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. This article aims to provide a fundamental theoretical description of the fundaments of DWs, and the numerical tools and models that allow describing the DW dynamics in previous and future experimental setups.
Polymers and Nanostructured Materials for Drug Nanoparticles, Bioimaging, and Cell Delivery
Authors: Fryer Claudia , Yang Yonghong , Wang Tom , Murray Patricia , Zhang Haifei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPolymers can be designed, synthesized, and modified for a wide range of applications. The use of biopolymers and nanostructured materials (either made of polymers or fabricated with polymers) has been extensively investigated for biomedical and biological applications. In this article, we describe the use of polymers for the preparation of poorly water‐soluble drug nanoparticles (covering top‐down and bottom‐up approaches, selection of stabilizers, and encapsulation materials), bioimaging (covering polymers, small molecules, nanoparticles for various imaging techniques including X‐ray radiography, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, fluorescent imaging, photoacoustic imaging, and multimodal imaging), and cell encapsulation and cell delivery (covering the basics, important parameters, and applications). We finish the article with perspectives in these exciting research areas. This article is written with the basics and recent progress in the relevant research areas and thus is suitable for a broad readership.
Continuous Intravenous Anakinra Infusion to Calm the Cytokine Storm in Macrophage Activation Syndrome
Authors: Monteagudo Luke Adam , Boothby Aaron , Gertner Elie 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to report the benefit of a therapeutic approach consisting of intravenous (IV) continuous anakinra (recombinant human interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist) infusions in treating severely ill adult patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis or macrophage activation syndrome (MAS).MethodsA retrospective chart review of five patients treated at Regions Hospital from 2016 to 2019 was conducted. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics and outcomes were recorded.ResultsContinuous IV anakinra infusions up to 2400 mg/d resulted in rapid serologic, then clinical response in 4 of 5 severely ill patients who were refractory to all other therapies, including subcutaneous anakinra. Subsequently, 3 of 5 patients have been maintained on anakinra or canakinumab, with no recurrence of MAS.ConclusionContinuous infusion of IV anakinra may result in rapid serologic and subsequent clinical improvement in adult patients with MAS. This method for treating cytokine storm should be considered in the current COVID‐19 pandemic in the subgroup of patients with severe disease who have a cytokine storm presentation.
Outcome of patients with Fanconi anemia developing myelodysplasia and acute leukemia who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A retrospective analysis on behalf of EBMT group
Authors: Giardino Stefano , de Latour Regis P. , Aljurf Mahmoud , Eikema Dirk‐Jan , Bosman Paul , Bertrand Yves , Tbakhi Abdelghani , Holter Wolfgang , Bornhäuser Martin , Rössig Claudia , Burkhardt Birgit , Zecca Marco , Afanasyev Boris , Michel Gerard , Ganser Arnold , Alseraihy Amal , Ayas Mouhab , Uckan‐Cetinkaya Duygu , Bruno Benedicte , Patrick Katharine , Bader Peter , Itälä‐Remes Maija , Rocha Vanderson , Jubert Charlotte , Diaz Miguel A. , Shaw Peter J. , Junior Luiz G. D. , Locatelli Franco , Kröger Nicolaus , Faraci Maura , Pierri Filomena , Lanino Edoardo , Miano Maurizio , Risitano Antonio , Robin Marie , Dufour Carlo ,   for the Severe Aplastic Anemia and Chronic Malignancies Working Parties of European Blood and Marrow Transplantation group
Published: April 2020

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is curative for bone marrow failure in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA), but the presence of a malignant transformation is associated with a poor prognosis and the management of these patients is still challenging. We analyzed outcome of 74 FA patients with a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 35), acute leukemia (n = 35) or with cytogenetic abnormalities (n = 4), who underwent allo‐HSCT from 1999 to 2016 in EBMT network. Type of diagnosis, pre‐HSCT cytoreductive therapies and related toxicities, disease status pre‐HSCT, donor type, and conditioning regimen were considered as main variables potentially influencing outcome. The 5‐year OS and EFS were 42% (30‐53%) and 39% (27‐51%), respectively. Patients transplanted in CR showed better OS compared with those transplanted in presence of an active malignant disease (OS:71%[48‐95] vs 37% [24‐50],P = .04), while none of the other variables considered had an impact. Twenty‐two patients received pre‐HSCT cytoreduction and 9/22 showed a grade 3‐4 toxicity, without any lethal event or negative influence on survival after HSCT(OS:toxicity pre‐HSCT 48% [20‐75%] vs no‐toxicity 51% [25‐78%],P = .98). The cumulative incidence of day‐100 grade II‐IV a‐GvHD and of 5‐year c‐GvHD were 38% (26‐50%) and 40% (28‐52%). Non‐relapse‐related mortality and incidence of relapse at 5‐years were 40% (29‐52%) and 21% (11‐30%) respectively, without any significant impact of the tested variables. Causes of death were transplant‐related events in most patients (34 out of the 42 deaths, 81%). This analysis confirms the poor outcome of transformed FA patients and identifies the importance of achieving CR pre‐HSCT, suggesting that, in a newly diagnosed transformed FA patient, a cytoreductive approach pre‐HSCT should be considered if a donor have been secured.
Oligosaccharyltransferase complex‐congenital disorders of glycosylation: A novel congenital disorder of glycosylation
Authors: Bryant Emily M. , Millichap John J. , Spinelli Egidio , Calhoun Jeffrey D. , Miller Christopher , Giannelli Jessica , Wolak Jacqueline , Sanders Victoria , Carvill Gemma L. , Charrow Joel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are metabolic disorders that affect the glycosylation of proteins and lipids. Since glycosylation affects all organs, CDG show a wide spectrum of phenotypes. We present a patient with microcephaly, dysmorphic facies, congenital heart defect, focal epilepsy, infantile spasms, skeletal dysplasia, and a type 1 serum transferrin isoelectrofocusing due to a novel CDG caused by a homozygous variant in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex noncatalytic subunit (OSTC) gene involved in glycosylation and confirmed by serum transferrin electrophoresis.
Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II: Additional nine patients with implications on phenotype and genotype correlation
Authors: Abdel‐Salam Ghada M. H. , Sayed Inas S. M. , Afifi Hanan H. , Abdel‐Ghafar Sherif F. , Abouzaid Maha R. , Ismail Samira I. , Aglan Mona S. , Issa Mahmoud Y. , EL‐Bassyouni Hala T. , El‐Kamah Ghada , Effat Laila K. , Eid Maha , Zaki Maha S. , Temtamy Samia A. , Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPCNT encodes a large coiled‐ protein localizing to pericentriolar material and is associated with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II syndrome (MOPD II). We report our experience of nine new patients from seven unrelated consanguineous Egyptian families with the distinctive clinical features of MOPD II in whom a customized NGS panel showed homozygous truncating variants of PCNT. The NGS panel results were validated thereafter using Sanger sequencing revealing three previously reported and three novel PCNT pathogenic variants. The core phenotype appeared homogeneous to what had been reported before although patients differed in the severity showing inter and intra familial variability. The orodental pattern showed atrophic alveolar ridge (five patients), rootless tooth (four patients), tooth agenesis (three patients), and malformed tooth (three patients). In addition, mesiodens was a novel finding found in one patient. The novel c.9394‐1G>T variant was found in two sibs who had tooth agenesis. CNS anomalies with possible vascular sequelae were documented in two male patients (22.2%). Simplified gyral pattern with poor development of the frontal horns of lateral ventricles was seen in four patients and mild thinning of the corpus callosum in two patients. Unilateral coronal craniosynstosis was noted in one patient and thick but short corpus callosum was an unusual finding noted in another. The later has not been reported before. Our results refine the clinical, neuroradiological, and orodental features and expand the molecular spectrum of MOPD II.
Real‐World Effectiveness of Initial Disease‐Modifying Therapies in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Krysko Kristen M. , Graves Jennifer S. , Rensel Mary , Weinstock‐Guttman Bianca , Rutatangwa Alice , Aaen Gregory , Belman Anita , Benson Leslie , Chitnis Tanuja , Gorman Mark , Goyal Manu S. , Harris Yolanda , Krupp Lauren , Lotze Timothy , Mar Soe , Moodley Manikum , Ness Jayne , Rodriguez Moses , Rose John , Schreiner Teri , Tillema Jan‐Mendelt , Waltz Michael , Casper T. Charles , Waubant Emmanuelle ,   the US Network of Pediatric MS Centers
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo assess real‐world effectiveness of initial treatment with newer compared to injectable disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) on disease activity in pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS).MethodsThis is a cohort study of children with MS/CIS followed at 12 clinics in the US Network of Pediatric MS Centers, who received initial therapy with newer (fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, natalizumab, rituximab, ocrelizumab) or injectable (interferon‐β, glatiramer acetate) DMTs. Propensity scores (PSs) were computed, including preidentified confounders. Relapse rate while on initial DMT was modeled with negative binomial regression, adjusted for PS‐quintile. Time to new/enlarging T2‐hyperintense and gadolinium‐enhancing lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging were modeled with midpoint survival analyses, adjusted for PS‐quintile.ResultsA total of 741 children began therapy before 18 years, 197 with newer and 544 with injectable DMTs. Those started on newer DMTs were older (15.2 vs injectable 14.4 years, p = 0.001) and less likely to have a monofocal presentation. In PS‐quintile–adjusted analysis, those on newer DMTs had a lower relapse rate than those on injectables (rate ratio = 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.29–0.70, p < 0.001; rate difference = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.14–0.40, p = 0.004). One would need to treat with newer rather than injectable DMTs for 3.7 person‐years to prevent 1 relapse. Those started on newer DMTs had a lower rate of new/enlarging T2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.36–0.72, p < 0.001) and gadolinium‐enhancing lesions (HR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.23–0.63, p < 0.001) than those on injectables.InterpretationInitial treatment of pediatric MS/CIS with newer DMTs led to better disease activity control compared to injectables, supporting greater effectiveness of newer therapies. Long‐term safety data for newer DMTs are required. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:42–55
Catalytic Coherence Transformation and Distillation for Special Mixed States
Authors: Xing Hai‐Bo , Yang Ming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe coherence transformation and distillation for a class of special mixed coherent states of rank‐2 under incoherent operations (IO) is discussed. Similar to the entanglement transformation for mixed entangled states, the catalytic coherence transformation for this class of special mixed coherent states is analyzed. On the one hand, it is found that some of the mixed coherent states can be converted into other mixed coherent states under IO. But for those mixed coherent states which fail in the coherence conversion under IO, the catalytic coherence manipulation can solve this problem. In this case, a mixed coherent state cannot be converted into another under IO, while the coherence transformation can be realized with the help of coherence‐assisted incoherent operations, that is, catalytic coherence transformation. On the other hand, these special mixed coherent states can be distilled into the maximally pure coherent states or mixed states of arbitrary dimensions by strictly incoherent operations with certain probabilities. Finally, the coherence transformation of this type of mixed states can be generalized to the case of higher rank in a similar way, which is discussed at the end of this paper.
Generation of Near‐Circularly Polarized Attosecond Pulse with Tunable Helicity by Unidirectionally Rotating Laser Field
Authors: Yuan Hua , He Lixin , Njoroge Stephen Maina , Wang Dian , Shao Renzhi , Lan Pengfei , Lu Peixiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA method to produce circularly polarized attosecond pulses with tunable helicity from CO molecule by using an unidirectionally rotating laser field is proposed. It is found that broadband harmonic supercontinuum with circular polarization can be generated from the oriented CO molecule. This enables the production sub‐100 attosecond isolated pulse with the ellipticity as high as 0.9 at the macroscopic level. Moreover, the helicity of the generated high‐order harmonics and the attosecond pulse can be tuned by adjusting the orientation of the CO molecule. This method will be beneficial for the studies on chiral‐specific dynamics and magnetic circular dichroism on an attosecond time scale.
Continuous‐Variable Entanglement and Wigner‐Function Negativity via Adding or Subtracting Photons
Authors: Meng Xiang‐Guo , Li Kai‐Cai , Wang Ji‐Suo , Zhang Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Zhen‐Tao , Yang Zhen‐Shan , Liang Bao‐Long 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe performance of adding or subtracting photons on two‐mode squeezed thermal states via examining the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) correlation, the Hillery–Zubairy (HZ) correlation, the fidelity of teleportation, and the negativity of Wigner function is theoretically investigated. The normalization factors and the teleportation fidelity are related to Jacobi polynomials, and the (evolved) Wigner functions are simply associated with two‐variable Hermite polynomials. Compared with the original squeezed thermal states, the EPR correlation and the teleportation fidelity can be enhanced by photon subtraction and basically weakened by photon addition symmetric operations, but they cannot be enhanced for both photon addition and subtraction asymmetric cases. Also, HZ correlation can provide a better option relative to the EPR correlation in detecting the entanglement, and the fidelity for teleporting a squeezed state with a large squeezing can also be enhanced via photon addition symmetric operations, in contrast to teleporting a coherent state. Additionally, the nonclassicality is discussed in terms of the negativity of the (evolved) Wigner functions, which shows that photon addition and subtraction and the squeezing cannot restrain the deteriorate of nonclassicality, and the evolved Wigner functions become Gaussian (corresponding to vacuum) with long decay times as a result of amplitude decay.
Surface organo‐modification of hydroxyapatites to improvePLA/HAcompatibility
Authors: Rocha Carmen R. , Chávez‐Flores David , Zuverza‐Mena Nubia , Duarte Alma , Rocha‐Gutiérrez Beatriz A. , Zaragoza‐Contreras Erasto Armando , Flores‐Gallardo Sergio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPolylactide/hydroxyapatite (PLA/HA) composites are promising tissue engineering materials because of the PLA biodegradability and HA as a natural bone component. PLA/HA composites without HA modification lead to mechanical failure due to the interfacial immiscibility. In this study, an effective chemical surface methodology is used to modify HA to obtain PLA/HA composites with superior mechanical properties. The HA particles are modified with fatty acids (adipic, sebacic, lauric, and linoleic) and incorporated into a PLA matrix by polymer solution casting, using chloroform as the solvent. After the HA modification, the films exhibited an improvement in tensile strength, elongation at break, and elastic modulus. Yet, the best results observed are by sebacic and adipic acid modification. These increments are attributed to a higher affinity of the organo‐modified HA particles within the PLA matrix. Therefore, the development of materials for osteo‐regeneration engineering based on these systems is quite promising.
Study on high‐temperature composite properties of fluorosilicone rubber with nano‐Sb2O3
Authors: Xu Zehua , Zhang Yanbin , Zhou Jin , Qi Ming , Shi Jianyong , Zhang Jiaqi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article studied the influence of nano‐Sb2O3 on the high‐temperature composite performance of fluorosilicone rubber (FVMQ). FVMQ with 4% mass of nano‐Sb2O3 content was prepared by mechanical blending method. The friction properties of FVMQ and Sb2O3/FVMQ composites at different temperatures were analyzed by means of three‐dimensional profilometer and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that nano‐Sb2O3 can enhance the matrix strength of FVMQ, and this effect was obvious at high temperature. The elongation of Sb2O3/FVMQ composites was increased by 10.7% at 25°C. The tear strength of Sb2O3/FVMQ composites was increased by 53.1%. While the friction coefficient and the wear amount, respectively, were decreased by 20 and 48.53% at 200°C. Sb2O3/FVMQ composite showed excellent anti‐wear, antifriction, anti‐tear, and other characteristics in the high‐temperature test. The enhancement of the cross‐linking density of matrix caused by adding Sb2O3 into FVMQ can lead to the softening of rubber, and the type of wear changed from abrasive wear to adhesive wear. Thus, the composite showed good wear resistance.
Metal‐Free Facile Synthesis of Multisubstituted 1‐Aminoisoquinoline Derivatives with Dual‐State Emissions
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Zhou Yibin , Wang Mengzhu , Chen Yating , Zhou Yunbing , Gao Wenxia , Liu Miaochang , Huang Xiaobo , Wu Huayue 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough isoquinoline is a good traditional fluorescent structural unit, most of its derivatives emit fluorescence in solution and a few of them can emit solid‐state fluorescence as well. Herein, a series of multisubstituted 1‐aminoisoquinoline derivatives were synthesized by a simple reaction of a readily available 4H‐pyran derivative and secondary amines. The reaction had advantages of metal‐free, mild conditions, simple operation, and good yields, which was realized by a ring‐opening and sequential ring‐closing mechanism. These 1‐aminoisoquinoline derivatives were found to exhibit interesting dual‐state emissions. In the solution, they emitted strong blue fluorescence at about 458 nm. In the solid state, they emitted solid‐state blue fluorescence at 444–468 nm with high fluorescence quantum yields of 40.3–98.1%. Crystal structural analyses indicated that solid‐state emissions of these compounds originated from twisted molecular conformations and the resultant loose stacking arrangements. Furthermore, their solid‐state fluorescence wavelengths were demonstrated to depend on molecular conformations rather than stacking arrangements. The discovery of these 1‐aminoisoquinolines with multiple reaction sites provides new possibilities for the development of solid‐state fluorescent materials based on the traditional isoquinoline skeleton.
Postsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum and flap necrosis in a head and neck cancer patient following neck dissection
Authors: Arebro Julia , Palmgren Björn 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPostsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum (PSPG) develops in the skin after surgery without known cause. Immunosuppression constitutes first‐line therapy and increases the likelihood of successful surgery when needed. PSPG should be considered when a flap necrosis occurs.
Computational Analysis of the Solid‐State and Solvation Properties of Carbamazepine in Relation to its Polymorphism
Authors: Rosbottom Ian , Cheng Thomas Nok Hin , Heng Jerry Y. Y. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe solvent‐dependent polymorphism of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) carbamazepine is interpreted from calculations of the solid‐state and API‐solvent intermolecular interactions. These simulations suggested that apolar solute‐solute interactions could be disrupted by apolar solvents. In contrast, the polar solute‐solute interactions were found to be easily disrupted by polar and protic solvents. This is consistent with experimental observations that the crystallization of the metastable form II is more dominant in apolar solvents. The Mercury program remains the gold standard in terms of usability; however, further expansion into more complex simulation techniques could make this package of even greater use in pharmaceutical manufacturing workflows.