bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociological conceptualizations of compassion fatigue: Expanding our understanding
Authors: Vaccaro Christian , Swauger Melissa , Morrison Shayna , Heckert Alex 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCompassion fatigue has been primarily studied at the micro level and framed as a psychological “personal trouble” that results from one's personality traits, demographic characteristics, or life and work stressors. In addition, compassion fatigue is used to predict other psychological outcomes such as burnout, depersonalization, and stress. This literature on compassion fatigue has been reviewed, in order to illustrate areas where sociologists can contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the phenomenon. In this article we conceptualize compassion fatigue as a sociological concept and overview the potential ways that sociological approaches can enhance our understanding. We draw on the literatures of emotion work, social exchange theory, and macrolevel sociological theories to facilitate the use of compassion fatigue from a sociological perspective. For example, we use concepts such as social integration and anomie to stimulate thinking about rates of compassion fatigue.
Effects of Intercept pathogen reduction treatment on extended cold storage of apheresis platelets
Authors: Agey Alisa , Reddoch‐Cardenas Kristin , McIntosh Colby , Sharma Umang , Cantu Carolina , Cap Andrew , Bynum James 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPlatelets pose the greatest transfusion‐transmitted infectious risk among blood products. Refrigeration of platelets can mitigate bacterial contamination and extend platelet shelf life. Implementation of pathogen reduction technologies (PRTs) at blood banks has become increasingly popular to protect against emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. In this study, we sought to evaluate the effects of Intercept PRT on platelets collected on different platforms and cold‐stored for up to 21 days in plasma and platelet additive solution (PAS).MethodsDouble‐dose apheresis platelets were collected with use of a Trima or Amicus system into either 100% plasma or 65% InterSol PAS/35% plasma and split equally between two bags. One bag served as control, while the other received Intercept PRT treatment. Bags were stored unagitated in the cold and evaluated on Days 1, 7, 14, and 21 to assess platelet metabolism, activation, aggregation, and clot formation and retraction.ResultsBy Day 14 of storage, lactate levels reached approximately 13 mmol/L for all samples irrespective of Intercept treatment. Mean clot firmness dropped from the 62.2‐ to 67.5‐mm range (Day 1) to the 28.4‐ to 51.3‐mm range (Day 21), with no differences observed between groups. Clot weights of Intercept‐treated Trima/plasma samples were significantly higher than control by Day 14 of storage (P = .004), indicating a reduced clot retraction function. Intercept treatment caused a higher incidence of plasma membrane breakdown in plasma‐stored platelets (P = .0013; Trima/plasma Day 14 Control vs Intercept).ConclusionsIntercept treatment of platelets and subsequent cold storage, in plasma or PAS, results in comparable platelet metabolism platelets for up to 14 days of storage but altered clotting dynamics. Pathogen‐reduced platelets with an extended shelf life would be beneficial for the deployed setting and would greatly impact transfusion practice among civilian transfusion centers.
Education from a Distance
Authors: González Carlos M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
When the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic caused schools across the country to close their classrooms, colleges and universities shifted to online education. Just as many professional spaces had to adjust to working from home, so did students and professors. Many higher education institutions had to find novel solutions to tackle the challenge of hands-on education and rethink what the classroom could be in a virtual and digital environment.
Dynamic and Static Properties of Aqueous NaCl Solutions at 25°C as a Function of NaCl Concentration: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Lee Song Hi 
Published: December 2020

We present the result of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to calculate the molar conductivity

Λ

m

=

λ

N

a

+

+

λ

C

l

−

of NaCl in SPC/E water at 25°C as a function of NaCl concentration (c) using Ewald sums employing a velocity Verlet algorithm. It is found that the MD result for Λm with Ewald sum parameter κ = 0.10 Å−1 gives the closest one to the experimental data and that the obtained radial distribution functions

g

i
i

(r) with κ = 0.10 Å−1 show a dramatic change with a very deep minimum of

g

NaCl

(r) and, as a result, sharp maxima of

g

NaNa

(r) and

g

ClCl

(r) at the distance 9.95 Å, which indicates a characteristic of ionic atmosphere, the basis of the Debye–Hückel theory of ionic solutions. The static and dynamic properties of NaCl (aq) solutions are analyzed in terms of radial distribution functions, hydration numbers, coordination numbers around Na+ and Cl−, residence times of water around Na+ and Cl−, water diffusion, and ion-ion electrostatic energies to explain the behavior of the molar conductivity Λm of NaCl obtained from our MD simulations.
Obese and Type 2 Diabetic Youth Have Increased Forward and Backward Wave Reflections
Authors: Tran Andrew H. , Kimball Thomas R. , Khoury Philip R. , Dolan Lawrence M. , Urbina Elaine M. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
Pulse wave analysis estimates arterial wave reflections relating to left ventricular dysfunction and cardiovascular event risk in adults. Forward and backward waves (Pf and Pb) may improve risk stratification for cardiovascular events. Data in youth are lacking. We hypothesized that a significant difference in wave reflections would be identified in young subjects with adverse cardiovascular risk factors.

Approach and Results:

Vital signs and labs were obtained in 551 patients aged 10 to 24 years who were lean (L=199), obese (O=173), or had type 2 diabetes (T=179). Wave separation was performed. Differences in cardiovascular risk factors and wave reflections were assessed using ANOVA. General linear models were constructed to elucidate independent predictors of wave reflections. O and T subjects had an adverse cardiovascular risk profile versus L. O and T subjects had higher Pf and Pb versus L (
P
≤0.05). When adjusted for adiposity and other cardiovascular risk factors, reflection magnitude increased from L to O to T with higher T versus L values (
P
≤0.05) and near-significant O versus L values (
P
=0.06). Adiposity and blood pressure were major determinants of wave reflections. Pb influenced log left ventricular mass index, log E/e′, and log composite carotid intima-media thickness.

Conclusions:
Adolescents and young adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes have altered forward and backward wave reflections versus lean controls related to adiposity, BP, and insulin levels. These parameters may help risk stratify patients with adverse cardiovascular risk factors.
Myocardial Injury After Balloon Predilatation Versus Direct Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Insights From the DIRECTAVI Trial
Authors: Akodad Mariama , Roubille François , Marin Gregory , Lattuca Benoit , Macia Jean‐Christophe , Delseny Delphine , Gandet Thomas , Robert Pierre , Schmutz Laurent , Piot Christophe , Maupas Eric , Robert Gabriel , Targosz Frederic , Albat Bernard , Cayla Guillaume , Leclercq Florence 
Published: December 2020

Background
Myocardial injury is associated with higher mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and might be increased by prior balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). We aimed to evaluate the impact of prior BAV versus direct prosthesis implantation on myocardial injury occurring after (TAVR) with balloon‐expandable prostheses.

Methods and Results

The DIRECTAVI (Direct Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) trial, an open‐label randomized study, demonstrated noninferiority of TAVR without BAV (direct TAVR group) compared with systematic BAV (BAV group) with the Edwards SAPIEN 3 valve. High‐sensitivity troponin was assessed before and the day after the procedure. Incidence of myocardial injury after the procedure (high‐sensitivity troponin elevation >15× the upper reference limit [14 ng/L]) was the main end point. Impact of myocardial injury on 1‐month adverse events (all‐cause mortality, stroke, major bleeding, major vascular complications, transfusion, acute kidney injury, heart failure, pacemaker implantation, and aortic regurgitation) was evaluated. Preprocedure and postprocedure high‐sensitivity troponin levels were available in 211 patients. The mean age of patients was 83 years (78–87 years), with 129 men (61.1%). Mean postprocedure high‐sensitivity troponin was 124.9±81.4 ng/L in the direct TAVR group versus 170.4±127.7 ng/L in the BAV group (
P
=0.007). Myocardial injury occurred in 42 patients (19.9%), including 13 patients (12.2%) in the direct TAVR group and 29 (27.9%) in the BAV group (
P
=0.004). BAV increased by 2.8‐fold (95% CI, 1.4–5.8) myocardial injury probability. Myocardial injury was associated with 1‐month adverse events (
P
=0.03).

Conclusions
BAV increased the incidence and magnitude of myocardial injury after TAVR with new‐generation balloon‐expandable valves. Myocardial injury was associated with 1‐month adverse events. These results argue in favor of direct SAPIEN 3 valve implantation.

Registration

URL:
https://www.Clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02729519.
From Lebensreform to Swadeshi
Authors: Alter Joseph S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As an institutionalized “indigenous” system of medicine in India, nature cure derives directly from ideas and practices developed within the rubric of Lebensreform, a radical, back-to-nature health reform movement that took shape in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century central Europe. Nature cure developed in twentieth-century India as a deeply embodied manifestation of Swadeshi, a social, cultural, and anticolonial political movement intimately concerned with independence and liberation. Significant parallels between Lebensreform and Swadeshi point toward an understanding of medicine based on the habitus of class and global countercultural practices. Using examples from the work of Adolf Just and other Germans writing at the turn of the nineteenth century and the case of Arogya Mandir, a nature cure hospital established by Vithal Das Modi in Gorakhpur in 1940, this essay examines how the radical, utopian ideals of Lebensreform were translated into institutionalized medical practice that facilitated the embodiment of Swadeshi as a political philosophy of health reform in colonial India.
Urbanization Effects on Estimates of Global Trends in Mean and Extreme Air Temperature
Authors: Zhang Panfeng , Ren Guoyu , Qin Yun , Zhai Yaqian , Zhai Tianlin , Tysa Suonam Kealdrup , Xue Xiaoying , Yang Guowei , Sun Xiubao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIdentifying and separating the signal of urbanization effects in current temperature data series is essential for accurately detecting, attributing, and projecting mean and extreme temperature change on varied spatial scales. This paper proposes a new method based on machine learning to classify the observational stations into rural stations and urban stations. Based on the classification of rural and urban stations, the global and regional land annual mean and extreme temperature indices series over 1951–2018 for all stations and rural stations were calculated, and the urbanization effects and the urbanization contribution of global land annual mean and extreme temperature indices series are quantitatively evaluated using the difference series between all stations and the rural stations. The results showed that the global land annual mean time series for mean temperature and most extreme temperature indices experienced statistically significant urbanization effects. The urbanization effects in the mean and extreme temperature indices series generally occurred after the mid-1980s, and there were significant differences of the magnitudes of urbanization effects among different regions. The urbanization effect on the trends of annual mean and extreme temperature indices series in East Asia is generally the strongest, which is consistent with the rapidly urbanization process in the region over the past decades, but it is generally small in Europe during the recent decades.
Downstream Suppression of Baroclinic Waves
Authors: Boljka Lina , Thompson David W. J. , Li Ying 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBaroclinic waves drive both regional variations in weather and large-scale variability in the extratropical general circulation. They generally do not exist in isolation, but rather often form into coherent wave packets that propagate to the east via a mechanism called downstream development. Downstream development has been widely documented and explored. Here we document a novel but also key aspect of baroclinic waves: the downstream suppression of baroclinic activity that occurs in the wake of eastward propagating disturbances. Downstream suppression is apparent not only in the Southern Hemisphere storm track as shown in previous work, but also in the North Pacific and North Atlantic storm tracks. It plays an essential role in driving subseasonal periodicity in extratropical eddy activity in both hemispheres, and gives rise to the observed quiescence of the North Atlantic storm track 1–2 weeks following pronounced eddy activity in the North Pacific sector. It is argued that downstream suppression results from the anomalously low baroclinicity that arises as eastward propagating wave packets convert potential to kinetic energy. In contrast to baroclinic wave packets, which propagate to the east at roughly the group velocity in the upper troposphere, the suppression of baroclinic activity propagates eastward at a slower rate that is comparable to that of the lower to midtropospheric flow. The results have implications for understanding subseasonal variability in the extratropical troposphere of both hemispheres.
A Conceptual Model of Polar Overturning Circulations
Authors: Haine Thomas W. N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe global ocean overturning circulation carries warm, salty water to high latitudes, both in the Arctic and Antarctic. Interaction with the atmosphere transforms this inflow into three distinct products: sea ice, surface Polar Water, and deep Overflow Water. The Polar Water and Overflow Water form estuarine and thermal overturning cells, stratified by salinity and temperature, respectively. A conceptual model specifies the characteristics of these water masses and cells given the inflow and air–sea–land fluxes of heat and freshwater. The model includes budgets of mass, salt, and heat, and parameterizations of Polar Water and Overflow Water formation, which include exchange with continental shelves. Model solutions are mainly controlled by a linear combination of air–sea–ice heat and freshwater fluxes and inflow heat flux that approximates the meteoric freshwater flux plus the sea ice export flux. The model shows that for the Arctic, the thermal overturning is likely robust, but the estuarine cell appears vulnerable to collapse via a so-called heat crisis that violates the budget equations. The system is pushed toward this crisis by increasing Atlantic Water inflow heat flux, increasing meteoric freshwater flux, and/or decreasing heat loss to the atmosphere. The Antarctic appears close to a so-called Overflow Water emergency with weak constraints on the strengths of the estuarine and thermal cells, uncertain sensitivity to parameters, and possibility of collapse of the thermal cell.
Assessment of Pain and Analgesic Use in Children Following Otologic Surgery
Authors: Benchetrit Liliya , Kwock Megan , Ronner Evette A. , Goldstein Sheli , Shu Edina , Lee Daniel J. , Mankarious Leila A. , Caloway Christen , Kempfle Judith , Cohen Michael S. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo compare postoperative pain and analgesic use in children following transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) vs non–transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (non‐TEES).Study DesignProspective case series.SettingTertiary care center.MethodsSurveys using the Wong‐Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale and recording the frequency and dosage of consumed analgesics were administered prospectively to caregivers of children undergoing otologic surgery between May 2018 to February 2020. Pain intensity and medication use were recorded twice daily for 6 days, starting on postoperative day 0. Mean pain scores and mean number of consumed analgesic doses were compared between groups.ResultsSurvey response rate was 57.9%. Among 53 patients who completed the survey, 35 (66.0%) underwent TEES and 18 (34.0%) underwent non‐TEES. Mean pain ratings on postoperative days 0 and 1 were significantly lower among children undergoing TEES (2.2 and 2.1) vs non‐TEES (4.0 and 4.1), P =. 045 and P =. 008, respectively (Mann‐Whitney U test). The mean pain ratings across the 6 days were similar in TEES (1.7) and non‐TEES (2.6) (P =. 140, Mann‐Whitney U test). The mean number of analgesic doses consumed per half‐day over the 6 days was significantly lower among children undergoing TEES (0.3) vs non‐TEES (0.6; P =. 049, Mann‐Whitney U test).ConclusionPostoperative pain following TEES and non‐TEES in children was overall low. Children undergoing TEES had a small but statistically significant decrease in pain on postoperative days 0 and 1 and decreased use of pain medications compared to non‐TEES.
From first symptoms to diagnosis: Initial clinical presentation of primary brain tumors
Authors: Alther B , Mylius V , Weller M , Gantenbein AR 
Published: December 2020

Background: Despite modern imaging methods, a long symptom-to-diagnosis interval can be observed in patients with primary brain tumors. Objective: The study evaluated the initial and subsequent clinical presentation of patients with brain tumors in the context of time to diagnosis, localization, histology, and tumor grading. Methods: In this retrospective analysis of 85 consecutive patients with primary brain tumors, we assessed the presenting symptoms and signs. The analyses were based on entries from medical records at the Department of Neurology of Zurich University Hospital between 2005 and 2010. Results: A total of 54 men and 31 women with a mean age at diagnosis of 48 years were included. 60% of the patients present with a malignant tumor (World Health Organization grading III–IV), 24.7% with a benign tumor (I–II), and 15.3% were not classified. The interval between symptom onset and diagnosis varied from 1 day to 96 months (median: 39 days). High-grade tumors (III–IV) were diagnosed significantly earlier than low-grade tumors (II) after the first symptoms occurred (median: 26 vs. 138 days; z = −3.847, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Symptoms with a short symptom-to-diagnosis interval such as nausea/vomiting, seizures, as well as of personality change are assumed to contribute to a faster diagnosis in high-grade tumors. Visual disturbances and headaches, although occurring relatively seldom, did not contribute to a decrease in time to diagnosis and should therefore be considered for further diagnostic workup.
Prognostic impact of complete remission with MRD negativity in patients with relapsed or refractory AML
Authors: Short Nicholas J. , Rafei Hind , Daver Naval , Hwang Hyunsoo , Ning Jing , Jorgensen Jeffrey L. , Kadia Tapan M. , DiNardo Courtney D. , Wang Sa A. , Jabbour Elias , Popat Uday , Oran Betul , Cortes Jorge , Konopleva Marina , Yilmaz Musa , Issa Ghayas C. , Kantarjian Hagop , Ravandi Farhad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the prognostic impact of complete remission (CR) and measurable residual disease (MRD) negativity is not well established. We retrospectively analyzed 141 patients with relapsed/refractory AML who received first salvage therapy and had MRD assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry at the time of response. Patients who achieved CR with full hematologic recovery as best response vs those with incomplete hematology recovery had lower cumulative incidence of relapse (P = .01) and better relapse-free survival (P = .004) but not overall survival (P = .15); a similar trend was observed in patients who achieved MRD negativity vs those who were MRD positive (P = .01, P = .05, and P = .21, respectively). By multivariate analysis, CR and MRD negativity were each independently associated with lower cumulative incidence of relapse (P = .001 and P = .003, respectively) and better relapse-free survival (P &lt; .001 and P = .02) but not overall survival. Patients who achieved CR with MRD negativity had the lowest rates of relapse and best survival (2-year overall survival rate, 37%), which was driven largely by lower rates of early relapse and an increased ability in this group to undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); however, post-HSCT outcomes were similar regardless of response to salvage chemotherapy. Overall, in patients with relapsed/refractory AML, CR with MRD negativity was associated with the best outcomes, supporting it as the optimal response in this setting.
Limited english proficiency and concordance of CKD awareness among primary care providers and patients
Authors: Velazquez Alexis F. , Velasquez Alexandra , Tuot Delphine S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Patient awareness of CKD and primary care provider (PCP) recognition of CKD are lower than for other chronic conditions. Understanding how patients may become aware of CKD is critical to their participation in healthy behaviors to slow CKD progression. We examined factors associated with the concordance of CKD awareness among patients and providers and hypothesized that concordance of CKD awareness would be influenced by social and demographic factors that impact communication, such as limited English proficiency (LEP) and health literacy.

Methods
Between July 2011 to July 2014, patients with CKD from three primary care clinics in a public healthcare delivery system were surveyed with questions regarding their health, including awareness of their CKD status. Chart review was performed to identify PCP recognition of CKD, defined as CKD listed anywhere in the problem list within nine months before patient enrollment into the study. We used logistic regression to determine the association between provider recognition and patient awareness of kidney disease among those patients with CKD, adjusting for patient demographics, co-morbidities, and provider training.

Results
The study population (n = 152) had a mean age of 57.4 (SD 13), was 48.7% male and was racially/ethnically and linguistically diverse: 89.5% self-identified as Black, Hispanic, or Asian and 32.2% had LEP. Most patients had hypertension (89.5%) and diabetes (77.6%); mean eGFR was 66.1 ml/min/1.73m2 (SD 32.8). Positive concordance of CKD awareness was 42% (n = 64). Odds of positive concordance with their providers were much higher among patients with LEP compared to English speaking patients (adjusted odds ratio = 11.07, 95%CI 1.60–76.39).

Conclusions
Concordance of CKD awareness among PCPs and their patients with CKD in one public delivery system was higher among patients with LEP. While speculative, this may be due to greater caution in provider communication about CKD with LEP patients.