bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positivity of the CM line bundle for families of K-stable klt Fano varieties
Authors: Codogni Giulio , Patakfalvi Zsolt 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Chow–Mumford (CM) line bundle is a functorial line bundle on the base of any family of klt Fano varieties. It is conjectured that it yields a polarization on the moduli space ofK-poly-stable klt Fano varieties. Proving ampleness of the CM line bundle boils down to showing semi-positivity/positivity statements about the CM-line bundle for families withK-semi-stable/K-polystable fibers. We prove the necessary semi-positivity statements in theK-semi-stable situation, and the necessary positivity statements in the uniformK-stable situation, including in both cases variants assumingK-stability only for general fibers. Our statements work in the most general singular situation (klt singularities), and the proofs are algebraic, except the computation of the limit of a sequence of real numbers via the central limit theorem of probability theory. We also present an application to the classification of Fano varieties. Additionally, our semi-positivity statements work in general for log-Fano pairs.
Inborn errors of thymic stromal cell development and function
Authors: Kreins Alexandra Y. , Maio Stefano , Dhalla Fatima 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs the primary site for T cell development, the thymus is responsible for the production and selection of a functional, yet self-tolerant T cell repertoire. This critically depends on thymic stromal cells, derived from the pharyngeal apparatus during embryogenesis. Thymic epithelial cells, mesenchymal and vascular elements together form the unique and highly specialised microenvironment required to support all aspects of thymopoiesis and T cell central tolerance induction. Although rare, inborn errors of thymic stromal cells constitute a clinically important group of conditions because their immunological consequences, which include autoimmune disease and T cell immunodeficiency, can be life-threatening if unrecognised and untreated. In this review, we describe the molecular and environmental aetiologies of the thymic stromal cell defects known to cause disease in humans, placing particular emphasis on those with a propensity to cause thymic hypoplasia or aplasia and consequently severe congenital immunodeficiency. We discuss the principles underpinning their diagnosis and management, including the use of novel tools to aid in their identification and strategies for curative treatment, principally transplantation of allogeneic thymus tissue.
Cardiogenic shock: incidence, survival and mechanical circulatory support usage 2007–2017-insights from a national registry
Authors: Lang Corinna N. , Kaier Klaus , Zotzmann Viviane , Stachon Peter , Pottgiesser Torben , von zur Muehlen Constantin , Zehender Manfred , Duerschmied Daniel , Schmid Bonaventura , Bode Christoph , Wengenmayer Tobias , Staudacher Dawid L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundA central element in the management of cardiogenic shock (CS) comprises mechanical circulatory support (MCS) systems to maintain cardiac output (CO). This study aims to quantify incidence, outcome and influence of MCS in CS over the last decade.MethodsAll patients hospitalized with CS in a tertiary university hospital in Germany between 2007 and 2017 were identified utilizing the international coding system ICD-10 with code R57.0. Application of MCS was identified via German procedure classification codes (OPS).Results383,983 cases of cardiogenic shock were reported from 2007 to 2017. Patients had a mean age of 71 years and 38.5% were female. The incidence of CS rose by 65.6% from 26,828 cases in 2007 (33.1 per 100,000 person-years, hospital survival 39.2%) to 44,425 cases in 2017 (53.7 per 100,000 person-years, survival 41.2%). In 2007, 16.0% of patients with CS received MCS (4.6 per 100,000 person-years, survival 46.6%), dropping to 13.9% in 2017 (6.6 per 100,000 person-years, survival 38.6%). Type of MCS changed over the years, with decreasing use of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), an increase in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and percutaneous ventricular assist device (pVAD) usage. Significant differences regarding in-hospital survival were observed between the devices (survival: overall: 40.2%; medical treatment = 39.5%; IABP = 49.5%; pVAD = 36.2%; VA-ECMO = 30.5%;p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe incidence of CS is increasing, but hospital survival remains low. MCS was used in a minority of patients, and the percentage of MCS usage in CS has decreased. The use rates of the competing devices change over time.Graphical Abstract
Mouse models of atherosclerosis and their suitability for the study of myocardial infarction
Authors: Golforoush Pelin , Yellon Derek M. , Davidson Sean M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAtherosclerotic plaques impair vascular function and can lead to arterial obstruction and tissue ischaemia. Rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque within a coronary artery can result in an acute myocardial infarction, which is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prompt reperfusion can salvage some of the ischaemic territory, but ischaemia and reperfusion (IR) still causes substantial injury and is, therefore, a therapeutic target for further infarct limitation. Numerous cardioprotective strategies have been identified that can limit IR injury in animal models, but none have yet been translated effectively to patients. This disconnect prompts an urgent re-examination of the experimental models used to study IR. Since coronary atherosclerosis is the most prevalent morbidity in this patient population, and impairs coronary vessel function, it is potentially a major confounder in cardioprotective studies. Surprisingly, most studies suggest that atherosclerosis does not have a major impact on cardioprotection in mouse models. However, a major limitation of atherosclerotic animal models is that the plaques usually manifest in the aorta and proximal great vessels, and rarely in the coronary vessels. In this review, we examine the commonly used mouse models of atherosclerosis and their effect on coronary artery function and infarct size. We conclude that none of the commonly used strains of mice are ideal for this purpose; however, more recently developed mouse models of atherosclerosis fulfil the requirement for coronary artery lesions, plaque rupture and lipoprotein patterns resembling the human profile, and may enable the identification of therapeutic interventions more applicable in the clinical setting.
Comparative analyses of angiosperm secretomes identify apoplastic pollen tube functions and novel secreted peptides
Authors: Flores-Tornero María , Wang Lele , Potěšil David , Hafidh Said , Vogler Frank , Zdráhal Zbyněk , Honys David , Sprunck Stefanie , Dresselhaus Thomas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Key message
Analyses of secretomes of in vitro grown pollen tubes from Amborella, maize and tobacco identified many components of processes associated with the cell wall, signaling and metabolism as well as novel small secreted peptides.

Abstract
Flowering plants (angiosperms) generate pollen grains that germinate on the stigma and produce tubes to transport their sperm cells cargo deep into the maternal reproductive tissues toward the ovules for a double fertilization process. During their journey, pollen tubes secrete many proteins (secreted proteome or secretome) required, for example, for communication with the maternal reproductive tissues, to build a solid own cell wall that withstands their high turgor pressure while softening simultaneously maternal cell wall tissue. The composition and species specificity or family specificity of the pollen tube secretome is poorly understood. Here, we provide a suitable method to obtain the pollen tube secretome from in vitro grown pollen tubes of the basal angiosperm Amborella trichopoda (Amborella) and the Poaceae model maize. The previously published secretome of tobacco pollen tubes was used as an example of eudicotyledonous plants in this comparative study. The secretome of the three species is each strongly different compared to the respective protein composition of pollen grains and tubes. In Amborella and maize, about 40% proteins are secreted by the conventional “classic” pathway and 30% by unconventional pathways. The latter pathway is expanded in tobacco. Proteins enriched in the secretome are especially involved in functions associated with the cell wall, cell surface, energy and lipid metabolism, proteolysis and redox processes. Expansins, pectin methylesterase inhibitors and RALFs are enriched in maize, while tobacco secretes many proteins involved, for example, in proteolysis and signaling. While the majority of proteins detected in the secretome occur also in pollen grains and pollen tubes, and correlate in the number of mapped peptides with relative gene expression levels, some novel secreted small proteins were identified. Moreover, the identification of secreted proteins containing pro-peptides indicates that these are processed in the apoplast. In conclusion, we provide a proteome resource from three distinct angiosperm clades that can be utilized among others to study the localization, abundance and processing of known secreted proteins and help to identify novel pollen tube secreted proteins for functional studies.
Identification of Chaboche–Lemaitre combined isotropic–kinematic hardening model parameters assisted by the fuzzy logic analysis
Authors: Wójcik M. , Skrzat A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA very good knowledge of material properties is required in the analysis of severe plastic deformation problems in which the classical material processing methods are accelerated by the application of the additional cyclic load. A general fuzzy logic-based approach is proposed for the analysis of experimental and numerical data in this paper. As an application of the fuzzy analysis, the calibration of Chaboche–Lemaitre model hardening parameters of PA6 aluminum is considered here. The experimental data obtained in a symmetrical strain-controlled cyclic tension–compression test were used to estimate the material’s hardening parameters. The numerically generated curves were compared to the experimental ones. For better fitting of numerical and experimental results, the optimization approach using the least-square method was applied. Unfortunately, commonly accepted calibration methods can provide various sets of hardening parameters. In order to choose the most reliable set, the fuzzy analysis was used. Primarily selected values of hardening parameters were assumed to be fuzzy input parameters. The error of the hysteresis loop approximation for each set was used to compute its membership function. The discrete value of this error was obtained in the defuzzification step. The correct selections of hardening parameters were verified in ratcheting and mean stress relaxation tests. The application of the fuzzy analysis has improved the convergence between experimental and numerical stress–strain curves. The fuzzy logic allows analyzing the variation of elastic–plastic material response when some imprecisions or uncertainties of input parameters are taken into consideration.
Kreislauftherapie bei Sepsis – wann, wie und wie viel?
Authors: Kochanek Matthias , Shimabukuro-Vornhagen Alexander , Eichenauer Dennis A. , Böll Boris 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Management der hämodynamischen Instabilität im Rahmen einer Sepsis bzw. eines septischen Schocks steht in der Notfallversorgung und auf der Intensivstation ganz im Vordergrund. Kreislaufinstabilität hat einen dramatischen Einfluss auf die Rate an Organkomplikationen und die Mortalität bei Sepsis. Nach der Leitlinie zur Therapie der Sepsis soll ein mittlerer arterieller Druck von 65 mm Hg nicht unterschritten werden. Kristalloide balancierte Flüssigkeit und Katecholamine sind die Eckpfeiler des therapeutischen Managements der septischen Kreislaufinstabilität. In diesem Beitrag sollen die wichtigsten Punkte – das Was, Wann und Wieviel – der Kreislauftherapie präsentiert und kritisch diskutiert werden.
Open educational resources: undertheorized research and untapped potential
Authors: Wiley David A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper is in response to the manuscript entitled “Open educational resources and college textbook choices: a review of research on efficacy and perceptions” (Hilton in Educ Technol Res Dev 64(4): 573–590, 2016) from a theoretical perspective. The response describes the way many of the papers reviewed by Hilton were undertheorized, limiting their potential for impact. A brief summary of more recent research shows one current direction toward stronger theorization of OER research. Over the short-term, including during the rapid shift to digital learning catalyzed by the COVID-19 pandemic, OER adoption can be expected to save college students money and close the achievement gap between Pell-eligible students and their wealthier peers. Over the longer term, this benefit will likely disappear, and faculty will need to more fully explore the affordances of the 5Rs in order to create dramatic improvements in success for all students.
Material Hardship and Contraceptive Use During the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Field Elly 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDecades of research have attempted to understand the paradox of stubbornly high unintended pregnancy rates despite widespread use of contraception. Much of this research has focused on socioeconomic disparities in rates of unintended pregnancy, finding that economically disadvantaged women tend to use less effective contraceptive methods and use them less consistently. Building on this research, this study examines how material hardship is associated with less consistent contraceptive use among women who do not desire to become pregnant. Using the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life (RDSL) Study, a weekly longitudinal survey, I find lower levels of contraceptive use and less consistent use of contraception among women experiencing material hardship, relative to those without hardship experiences. I also investigate the extent to which this association is explained by access barriers and lower contraceptive efficacy among women experiencing hardship. Using structural equation modeling, I find that these mediators significantly explain the relationship between hardship and risky contraceptive behaviors, suggesting that hardship creates mental and resource constraints that impede successful implementation of contraception. However, net of these mediators, material hardship remains associated with riskier contraceptive behaviors among young women, calling for further research on how hardship exposes women to greater risk of unintended pregnancies.
Kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Versorgung 2019 in Österreich – Stufen der Versorgung, Ist-Stand und Ausblick
Authors: Fliedl Rainer , Ecker Berenike , Karwautz A. 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Störungen sind häufig, die Versorgung in Österreich ist erst im Aufbau.

Methoden
Wir untersuchten, ob sich die fachärztliche Versorgungslage seit Etablierung des Sonderfaches verbessert hat.

Ergebnisse
Es besteht weiter eine große Heterogenität der Versorgungslage zwischen den Bundesländern, Die Mangelfachregelung in der derzeitigen Form ist nicht ausreichend, um die Ausbildung im Sonderfach zu konsolidieren und eine Vollversorgung in absehbarer Zeit zu erreichen.

Conclusion
Es werden Anregungen erarbeitet, wie die Versorgungssituation in der Zukunft verbessert werden könnte.
Randomized numerical linear algebra: Foundations and algorithms
Authors: Martinsson Per-Gunnar , Tropp Joel A. 
Published: November 2020

This survey describes probabilistic algorithms for linear algebraic computations, such as factorizing matrices and solving linear systems. It focuses on techniques that have a proven track record for real-world problems. The paper treats both the theoretical foundations of the subject and practical computational issues.Topics include norm estimation, matrix approximation by sampling, structured and unstructured random embeddings, linear regression problems, low-rank approximation, subspace iteration and Krylov methods, error estimation and adaptivity, interpolatory and CUR factorizations, Nyström approximation of positive semidefinite matrices, single-view (‘streaming’) algorithms, full rank-revealing factorizations, solvers for linear systems, and approximation of kernel matrices that arise in machine learning and in scientific computing.
Understanding Barriers to Transition From Pediatric to Adult Care Among Young Adults With Sickle Cell Disease to Develop a Transition Mentor Program
Authors: Viola Adrienne S. , Levonyan-Radloff Kristine , Drachtman Richard , Porter Jerlym , Savage Beth , Kaveney Amanda , Sridharan Ashwin , Delnevo Cristine D. , Coups Elliot J. , Devine Katie A. 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Patients with sickle cell disease require lifelong comprehensive care, necessitating patient compliance with primary care appointments, specialty clinical visits, medications, transfusions, and regular health maintenance. As patients transition from pediatric care to adult care, they are at risk for lapses in care that can result in serious complications, making the period of transition a medically vulnerable time. The goal of this study was to use formative interviews to identify targets for a mentoring intervention to improve transition outcomes. Methods: Ten young adults preparing to transition and 10 young adults within 10 years of their transition (ages 18–30 years) completed a semistructured interview. Interviews were analyzed using template thematic analysis, with the Social-Ecological Model of Adolescent and Young Adult Readiness to Transition (SMART) framework as the a priori thematic framework. Results: Themes were consistent with the SMART framework components. Young adults identified self-advocacy, provider communication, and disease knowledge as important targets for intervention. Participants were receptive to having a medical student as a mentor and also viewed it as an opportunity to educate health professionals. Conclusions: The SMART framework and patient interviews were useful in designing a transition mentor program to meet the needs of patients with sickle cell disease. Future research will evaluate the feasibility of this program. Implications for Impact Statement This study describes the development of a transition mentor program for young adults with sickle cell disease informed by a formative needs assessment and the Social-Ecological Model of Adolescent and Young Adult Readiness to Transition framework. These methods are generalizable to future transition intervention development in pediatric psychology.
Macrophage-derived small extracellular vesicles promote biomimetic mineralized collagen-mediated endogenous bone regeneration
Authors: Liu Anqi , Jin Shanshan , Fu Cuicui , Cui Shengji , Zhang Ting , Zhu Lisha , Wang Yu , Shen Steve G. F. , Jiang Nan , Liu Yan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMacrophages play an important role in material-related immune responses and bone formation, but the functionality of macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in material-mediated bone regeneration is still unclear. Here, we evaluated intracellular communication through small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its effects on endogenous bone regeneration mediated by biomimetic intrafibrillarly mineralized collagen (IMC). After implantation in the bone defect area, IMC generated more neobone and recruited more mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) than did extrafibrillarly mineralized collagen (EMC). More CD63+CD90+ and CD63+CD163+ cells were detected in the defect area in the IMC group than in the EMC group. To determine the functional roles of sEVs, extracellular vesicles from macrophages cultured on different mineralized collagen were isolated, and they showed no morphological differences. However, macrophage-derived sEVs in the IMC group showed an enhanced Young’s modulus and exerted beneficial effects on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow MSCs by increasing the expression of the osteoblastic differentiation markers BMP2, BGLAP, COL1, and OSX and calcium nodule formation. Mechanistically, sEVs from IMC-treated macrophages facilitated MSC osteogenesis through the BMP2/Smad5 pathway, and blocking sEV secretion with GW4869 significantly impaired MSC proliferative, immunomodulative and osteogenic potential. Taken together, these findings show that macrophage-derived sEVs may serve as an emerging functional tool in biomaterial-mediated endogenous bone regeneration.
Design of freeform geometries in a MEMS accelerometer with a mechanical motion preamplifier based on a genetic algorithm
Authors: Wang Chen , Song Xiaoxiao , Fang Weidong , Chen Fang , Zeimpekis Ioannis , Wang Yuan , Quan Aojie , Bai Jian , Liu Huafeng , Schropfer Gerold , Welham Chris , Kraft Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper describes a novel, semiautomated design methodology based on a genetic algorithm (GA) using freeform geometries for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. The proposed method can design MEMS devices comprising freeform geometries and optimize such MEMS devices to provide high sensitivity, large bandwidth, and large fabrication tolerances. The proposed method does not require much computation time or memory. The use of freeform geometries allows more degrees of freedom in the design process, improving the diversity and performance of MEMS devices. A MEMS accelerometer comprising a mechanical motion amplifier is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design approach. Experimental results show an improvement in the product of sensitivity and bandwidth by 100% and a sensitivity improvement by 141% compared to the case of a device designed with conventional orthogonal shapes. Furthermore, excellent immunities to fabrication tolerance and parameter mismatch are achieved.
Gradient wettability induced by deterministically patterned nanostructures
Authors: Min Siyi , Li Shijie , Zhu Zhouyang , Li Wei , Tang Xin , Liang Chuwei , Wang Liqiu , Cheng Xing , Li Wen-Di 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report a large-scale surface with continuously varying wettability induced by ordered gradient nanostructures. The gradient pattern is generated from nonuniform interference lithography by utilizing the Gaussian-shaped intensity distribution of two coherent laser beams. We also develop a facile fabrication method to directly transfer a photoresist pattern into an ultraviolet (UV)-cured high-strength replication molding material, which eliminates the need for high-cost reactive ion etching and e-beam evaporation during the mold fabrication process. This facile mold is then used for the reproducible production of surfaces with gradient wettability using thermal-nanoimprint lithography (NIL). In addition, the wetting behavior of water droplets on the surface with the gradient nanostructures and therefore gradient wettability is investigated. A hybrid wetting model is proposed and theoretically captures the contact angle measurement results, shedding light on the wetting behavior of a liquid on structures patterned at the nanoscale.