bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of glucose and sodium chloride mouth rinses on neuromuscular fatigue: a preliminary study
Authors: Khong Teng Keen , Selvanayagam Victor , Yusof Ashril 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCarbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse has been shown to improve endurance performance and maintain the central drive of contracting muscles. Salt (NaCl) mouth rinse solution, often used in dentistry to desensitise the oral cavity to pain, could also activate cortical areas of the brain. Hence, the objective of this preliminary study was to investigate whether CHO (glucose) and NaCl mouth rinses could attenuate the reduction in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and sustained MVC (sMVC) following an endurance exercise (30‐minute cycling at 70% VO2max). Ten subjects (male, age: 22 ± 1 years, weight: 65.3 ± 12.4 kg, height: 164.5 ± 7.5 cm, VO2max: 48.3 ± 6.1 mL kg−1 min−1) completed three trials of 30‐minute cycling exercise. In a randomised cross‐over study, in each trial, the participants rinsed using either water, 6% glucose, or 6% NaCl solution for 5 s immediately prior to and every 10 min during the cycling exercise. The MVC and sMVC were measured pre and post cycling. Analysis of variance showed significant interaction and time effects for MVC, while for sMVC there was a significant interaction with time and group effects. Both MVC and sMVC were higher post cycling in the glucose and NaCl groups compared to the water group, which suggests that activation of glucose and NaCl oral receptors could better preserve post‐exercise force production. This is the first study to show that NaCl mouth rinse can produce a comparable effect on glucose. Hence, mouth rinses may be able to activate other distinct pathways that could attenuate fatigue.
Potency of diversity and utilization of rattan in Paru village forest, Sijunjung regency, West Sumatra
Authors: Octavia D , Nugroho NP 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe existence of forests for indigenous peoples in Paru Village (Nagari Paru) is very important as a source of livelihood. Paru Village Forest, which is under the management of Sijunjung Forest Management Unit, Sijunjung Regency has the potentials for economic value of both timber and non-timber forest products (NTFPs). In Paru Village Forest, various types of rattan were found which are the most common types of NTFPs found in this region. The purpose of this study was to determine the potency of rattan as one of a prime non-timber forest products and their utilization in Paru Village Forest, Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatra Province. Seventeen species of rattan were found based on observations on 98 sample plots with an area 0.1 hectares per plot. Sikai Rattan (Calamusspp.) was found in the highest number, namely 149 individuals, followed by Ant Rattan (Daemonorops verticilliaris(Griff.) Mart.) and Shrimp Rattan (Calamus spectabilisBl.) with 119 and 114 individuals respectively. Jernang rattan (Daemonorops dracoBl.) occupies the highest priority as NTFPs producers in Paru Village Forest which has the greatest variety of benefits, which were used for medicine, handicrafts, dyes and resin producers.
Enhancement the added value of sengon wood waste pulp as bioenergy raw material for bioethanol production
Authors: Winarni I , Bardant TB , Hendra D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Lignocellulosic are renewable and abundant, and estimate to be produced in10-50 billion tons/year as dry matter. Cellulose component in lignocelluloses can be converted into glucose as a feedstock for ethanol fermentation. This paper contains of research results of sengon waste pulp convertion became glucose and ethanol by enzymatic hydrolysis and the purpose of this study was to obtain information on the optimum conditions of treatment to produce high ethanol content of sengon waste pulp using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method and high loading substrate. Response surface methodology based on a three level, three variable Central Composite Rotable Design (CCRD) was used to evaluate the interactive effect of Tween 20 concentration (0-2%), cellulase concentration (10-15 FPU/g substrate-dw) and substrate loading (20-35% dw). The results showed the highest ethanol content (15.2%) with addition 35% of substrate; 15 FPU/g substrate of enzyme and 1% Tween 20 with equations : Y = -66, 551 + 0.491X1 + 10.794 X2 – 0.025 X12 - 0.472 X22 - 1, 549 X32 + 0.065 X1X2 + 0.234 X1X3 – 0.086 X2X3. So that the use of the RSM method can know quickly which combination of treatments can produce high ethanol levels through the resulting equation. Distinctive dosages of each variable within these ranges need to be matched to each other according to resulted mathematical formula from RSM to give optimum condition points. Several optimum condition points had been validated and ethanol concentration higher than 18%v in the fermentation broth had been achieved with acuration of equation (R2 ) 0.97.
Carboxylated-cellulose nanofibers from oil palm empty fruit bunches enhanced extractive fermentation in microbial biobutanol production
Authors: Hastuti N , Darmayanti R F , Hardiningtyas S D , Kanomata K , Sonomoto K , Goto M , Kitaoka T 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNanocellulose produced by 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-catalyzed oxidation, described as TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNs), has a high density of negative charges on its surface. Its use in microbial fermentation systems is expected to be beneficial. In particular, microbial stability is required in acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation. Here, TOCNs derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches pulp were added to extractive ABE fermentation media, followed by microbial fermentation. The results showed that the presence of TOCNs induced higher total butanol production in broth by improving the growth environment ofClostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicumN1-4, which was used as the butanol-producing strain. Electrostatic repulsion between anionic surface carboxylate groups of TOCNs and negatively-charged bacteria made a positive contribution to the microenvironment for bacterial growth. The addition of TOCNs to fermentation media had significant positive effects on the total butanol yield density cell weight (DCW).
Age-related hearing loss and provider-patient communication across primary and secondary care settings: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Smith Simon , Manan Nur Syifa Ilyani Abd , Toner Shannon , Al Refaie Amr , Müller Nicole , Henn Patrick , O’Tuathaigh Colm M P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) increases with age. Older adults are amongst the most dependent users of healthcare and most vulnerable to medical error. This study examined health professionals’ strategies, as well as level of formal training completed, for communication with older adults with ARHL, and their views on the contribution of ARHL to suboptimal quality of patient care.

Methods
A 17-item questionnaire was distributed to a sample of Irish primary care physicians, as well as hospital-based clinicians providing inpatient palliative care and geriatric services.

Results
A total of 172 primary care physicians and 100 secondary care providers completed the questionnaire. A total of 154 (90%) primary and 97 (97%) secondary care providers agreed that ARHL had a negative impact on quality of care. Across both settings, 10% of respondents reported that communication issues contributed to multiple medication error events each year. Although only 3.5% of secondary care providers and 13% of primary care physicians attended formal training on communication with hearing-impaired patients, 66.5% of respondents were confident in their capacity to communicate with these patients. Primary care physicians reported that they either never used assistive hearing technology (44%) or were unfamiliar with this technology (49%).

Conclusions
Primary and secondary care health providers reported that ARHL reduces patient care quality and may initiate errors leading to patient harm. Formal training addressing the communication needs of ARHL patients appears to be underdeveloped, and there is a limited familiarity with assistive hearing technology. This is both an error in health professional training and healthcare services.
The puzzle of virtual theft
Authors: Wildman Nathan , McDonnell Neil 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
How can you steal something that doesn’t exist? This question confronts those of us who (i) take an irrealist view of virtual objects and (ii) agree with the Supreme Court of the Netherlands that robbery took place when two boys used non-virtual violence to coerce a third boy into relinquishing his virtual amulet and mask. Here we outline this Puzzle of Virtual Theft, along with the closely related Puzzle of Virtual Value. After demonstrating how these puzzles are deeply problematic for the irrealist, we go on to sketch a solution that not only circumscribes the puzzles but also offers a framework by which legal scholars can make sense within existing legal codes of the new phenomenon of virtual theft.
Different from tracheophytes, liverworts commonly have mixed 35S and 5S arrays
Authors: Sousa Aretuza , Bechteler Julia , Temsch Eva M , Renner Susanne S 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsUnlike other nuclear genes in eukaryotes, rDNA genes (5S and 35S loci) are present in numerous copies per cell and, when stained, can therefore provide basic information about genome organization. In tracheophytes (vascular plants), they are usually located on separate chromosomes, the so-called S-type organization. An analysis of 1791 species of land plants suggested that S-type arrays might be ancestral in land plants, while linked (L-type) organization may be derived. However, no outgroup and only a handful of ferns and bryophytes were included.MethodsWe analysed genome sizes and the distribution of telomere, 5S and 35S rDNA FISH signals in up to 12 monoicous or dioicous species of liverworts from throughout a phylogeny that includes 287 of the 386 currently recognized genera. We also used the phylogeny to plot chromosome numbers and the occurrence of visibly distinct sex chromosomes.Key ResultsChromosome numbers are newly reported for the monoicous Lejeunea cavifolia and for females of the dioicous Scapania aequiloba. We detected sex-related differences in the number of rDNA signals in the dioicous Plagiochila asplenioides and Frullania dilatata. In the latter, the presence of two UU chromosomes in females and additional 5S-35S rDNA loci result in a haploid genome 0.2082 pg larger than the male genome; sex-specific genome differences in the other dioicous species were small. Four species have S-type rDNA, while five species have mixed L-S rDNA organization, and transitions may have occurred multiple times, as suggested by rDNA loci not being conserved among closely related species of Pellia. All species shared an Arabidopsis-like telomere motif, and its detection allowed verification of the chromosome number of Radula complanata and chromosome rearrangements in Aneura pinguis and P. asplenioides, the latter also showing sex-specific interstitial telomere repeats.ConclusionsThe S and L rDNA arrangements appear to have evolved repeatedly within liverworts, even in the same species. Evidence for differential accumulation of rDNA between the sexes so far is limited.
Kinematic integration during prey capture varies among individuals but not ecological contexts in bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus (Perciformes: Centrarchidae)
Authors: Kane Emily A , Higham Timothy E 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe general ability of components of an organism to work together to achieve a common goal has been termed integration and is often studied empirically by deconstructing organisms into component parts and quantifying covariation between them. Kinematic traits describing movement are useful for allowing organisms to respond to ecological contexts that vary over short time spans (milliseconds, minutes, etc.). Integration of these traits can contribute to the maintenance of the function of the whole organism, but it is unclear how modulation of component kinematic traits affects their integration. We examined the integration of swimming and feeding during capture of alternative prey types in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Despite the expected modulation of kinematics, integration within individuals was inflexible across prey types, suggesting functional redundancy for solving a broad constraint. However, integration was variable among individuals, suggesting that individuals vary in their solutions for achieving whole-organism function and that this solution acts as a ‘top-down’ regulator of component traits, which provides insight into why kinematic variation is observed. Additionally, variation in kinematic integration among individuals could serve as an understudied target of environmental selection on prey capture, which is a necessary first step towards the observed divergence in integration among populations and species.
Lessons learned from comparing spatially explicit models and the Partners in Flight approach to estimate population sizes of boreal birds in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Sólymos Péter , Toms Judith D , Matsuoka Steven M , Cumming Steven G , Barker Nicole K S , Thogmartin Wayne E , Stralberg Diana , Crosby Andrew D , Dénes Francisco V , Haché Samuel , Mahon C Lisa , Schmiegelow Fiona K A , Bayne Erin M 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEstimating the population abundance of landbirds is a challenging task complicated by the amount, type, and quality of available data. Avian conservationists have relied on population estimates from Partners in Flight (PIF), which primarily uses roadside data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). However, the BBS was not designed to estimate population sizes. Therefore, we set out to compare the PIF approach with spatially explicit models incorporating roadside and off-road point-count surveys. We calculated population estimates for 81 landbird species in Bird Conservation Region 6 in Alberta, Canada, using land cover and climate as predictors. We also developed a framework to evaluate how the differences between the detection distance, time-of-day, roadside count, and habitat representation adjustments explain discrepancies between the 2 estimators. We showed that the key assumptions of the PIF population estimator were commonly violated in this region, and that the 2 approaches provided different population estimates for most species. The average differences between estimators were explained by differences in the detection-distance and time-of-day components, but these adjustments left much unexplained variation among species. Differences in the roadside count and habitat representation components explained most of the among-species variation. The variation caused by these factors was large enough to change the population ranking of the species. The roadside count bias needs serious attention when roadside surveys are used to extrapolate over off-road areas. Habitat representation bias is likely prevalent in regions sparsely and non-representatively sampled by roadside surveys, such as the boreal region of North America, and thus population estimates for these regions need to be treated with caution for certain species. Additional sampling and integrated modeling of available data sources can contribute towards more accurate population estimates for conservation in remote areas of North America.
Prevalence and electrophysiological phenotype of rare SCN5A genetic variants identified in unexplained sudden cardiac arrest survivors
Authors: Giudicessi John R , Ye Dan , Stutzman Marissa J , Zhou Wei , Tester David J , Ackerman Michael J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Aims
To determine the prevalence and in vitro electrophysiological (EP) phenotype of ultra-rare SCN5A variants of uncertain significance (VUS) identified in unexplained sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) survivors.

Methods and results
Retrospective review of 73 unexplained SCA survivors was used to identify all patients that underwent a form of genetic testing that included comprehensive SCN5A analysis. Ultra-rare SCN5A variants (minor allele frequency &lt; 0.005) were adjudicated according to the 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Variants designated as VUS were expressed heterologously and characterized using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Overall, 60/73 (82%; the average age at SCA 28 ± 12 years) unexplained SCA survivors had received SCN5A genetic testing. Of these, 5/60 (8.3%) had an ultra-rare SCN5A variant. All SCN5A variants were classified as VUS. Whereas the single SCN5A VUS (p.Asp872Asn-SCN5A) identified in an unexplained SCA survivor with PR interval prolongation and inferior early repolarization conferred a loss-of-function phenotype (46.2% reduction in peak current density; 16 ms slower recovery from inactivation), the four other SCN5A VUS (p.Glu30Gly-SCN5A, p.Gln245Lys-SCN5A, p.Pro648Leu-SCN5A, and p.Glu1240Gln-SCN5A) identified in unexplained SCA survivors without early repolarization/conduction delay were indistinguishable from wild-type Nav1.5 channels.

Conclusion
In the absence of a phenotype(s) potentially attributable to sodium channel dysfunction, all SCN5A VUS identified in unexplained SCA survivors conferred a wild-type EP phenotype in vitro. As the background rate of SCN5A genetic variation is not trivial, great care must be taken to avoid prioritizing genotype over phenotype when attempting to ascertain the root cause of an individual's SCA.
Dietary Patterns, Ultra-processed Food, and the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in the NutriNet-Santé Cohort
Authors: Vasseur Pauline , Dugelay Emmanuelle , Benamouzig Robert , Savoye Guillaume , Lan Annaïg , Srour Bernard , Hercberg Serge , Touvier Mathilde , Hugot Jean-Pierre , Julia Chantal , Buscail Camille 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) tended to increase for several decades. Diet is suspected to be a major determinant of the occurrence of these diseases. This prospective study aimed to assess the associations among occurrence of IBD, dietary patterns, and ultra-processed food in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort.MethodsParticipants of the NutriNet-Santé cohort who completed at least three 24-hour dietary records were included. Incident IBD cases were identified from 3 questionnaires and confirmed by phone or email interview. Major dietary patterns (DPs) were computed using a principal component analysis (PCA) based on 29 food groups’ consumption, whereas proportions of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) were obtained using the NOVA classification. Multivariable Poisson models were performed to evaluate associations among DP quintiles, UPF proportion (UPFp) in the diet, and incident IBD.ResultsA total of 105,832 participants were included, contributing 238,924 person-years in a mean follow-up of 2.3 ± 2.2 years. Among them, 75 participants reported an incident IBD. Three major DPs were retained: “healthy,” “traditional,” and “western.” No significant association was found for DPs and UPFp after adjustments for covariates.ConclusionsIn this study, neither DPs nor UPF proportion in the diet were significantly associated with the risk of incident IBD after adjustments for covariates. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term association between diet and IBD.
A randomized trial comparing the effects of sternal band and plate fixation of the sternum with that of figure-of-8 wires on sternal edge motion and quality of recovery after cardiac surgery
Authors: Royse Alistair G , El-Ansary Doa , Hoang William , Lui Elaine , McCusker Mark , Tivendale Lynda , Yang Yang , Canty David J , Royse Colin F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We sought to compare the effects of conventional wire cerclage with that of the band and plate fixation of the sternum.

METHODS
A parallel randomized open-label trial with 1:1 allocation ratio compared healing after adult cardiac surgery using ‘figure-of-8’ stainless steel wire cerclage or a band and plate system (plates). The primary end point was maximal sternal edge displacement during active coughing of ≥2 mm in ≥2 of 4 sites measured with ultrasound by 2 assessors blinded to the other at 6 weeks postoperatively. Secondary end points at 12 weeks included ultrasound assessment, computed tomography (CT) scan and multidimensional assessment of quality of recovery using the Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale.

RESULTS
Of 50 patients, 26 received plates and 24 wires. Two patients died and 1 withdrew consent leaving 25 plates and 22 wires for primary end point analysis. Operations included 37 coronary, 5 valve and 8 combined coronary and valve procedures. At 6 weeks, less sternal movement was observed in patients with plates than those with wires, 4% (1/25) vs 32% (7/22), P = 0.018. Agreement between observers was high, kappa = 0.850. At 12 weeks, less ultrasound motion was seen in patients with plates, 0% (0/23) than those with wires, 25% (5/20), P = 0.014. Recovery from pain was higher for patients with plates 92% (22/24) than those with wires 67% (14/21), P = 0.004. CT bone edge separation was less for plates 38% (9/24) than wires 71% (15/21), P = 0.036. CT mild bone synthesis or greater was similar between patients with plates 21% (5/24) and wires 14% (3/21), P = 0.71.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients receiving the band and plate system had significantly less sternal edge motion than those receiving wires, 6 and 12 weeks after cardiac surgery and experienced less pain.

Clinical trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov NCT03282578.
Association of Viral Load With Disease Severity in Outpatient Children With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: Uusitupa Erika , Waris Matti , Heikkinen Terho 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
There are scarce data on whether viral load affects the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in outpatient children.

Methods
We analyzed the association between viral load and disease severity among children who participated in a prospective cohort study of respiratory infections. The children were examined and nasal swabs for the detection of RSV were obtained during each respiratory illness. Quantification of RSV load was based on the cycle threshold (Ct) value. For the primary analysis, the children were divided into 2 groups: higher (Ct &lt; 27) and lower viral load (Ct ≥ 27).

Results
Among 201 episodes of RSV infection, children with higher viral load had significantly longer median durations of rhinitis (8 vs 6 days; P = .0008), cough (8 vs 6 days; P = .034), fever (2 vs 1 days; P = .018), and any symptom (10 vs 8 days; P = .024) than those with lower viral load. There were statistically significant negative correlations between the Ct values and durations of all measured symptoms.

Conclusions
Our findings support the concept that viral load drives the severity of RSV disease in children. Reducing the viral load by RSV antivirals might provide substantial benefits to outpatient children.