bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passing the acid test? Evaluating the impact of national education initiatives to reduce proton pump inhibitor use in Australia
Authors: Bruno Claudia , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Daniels Benjamin , Buckley Nicholas A , Schaffer Andrea , Zoega Helga 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundProton pump inhibitor (PPI) use is widespread. There have been increasing concerns about overuse of high-dose PPIs for durations longer than clinically necessary.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of national education initiatives on reducing PPI use in Australia.DesignPopulation-based, controlled interrupted time series analysis of PPI dispensing claims data for Australian adults from July 2012 to June 2018; we used statin dispensing as a control.InterventionsA year-long educational initiative led by NPS MedicineWise (previously the National Prescribing Service) from April 2015. Simultaneously, Choosing Wisely released recommendations in April 2015 and May 2016. Both promoted review of prolonged PPI use and encouraged stepping down or ceasing treatment, where appropriate.MeasurementsWe examined monthly changes in PPI (and statin) dispensing (stratified by high, standard and low tablet strength), rates of switching from higher to lower strength PPIs and rates of PPI (and statin) discontinuation.ResultsWe observed 12 040 021 PPI dispensings to 579 594 people. We observed a sustained −1.7% (95% CI: −2.7 to −0.7%) decline in monthly dispensing of standard strength PPIs following the initiatives until the end of the study period. There were no significant changes in high or low strength PPI (or statin) dispensings, switching to lower strength PPIs, or PPI (and statin) treatment discontinuation.ConclusionOur findings suggest that these educational initiatives alone were insufficient in curbing overuse of PPIs on a national level. Concerted efforts with policy levers such as imposing tighter restrictions on subsidised use of PPIs may be more effective. Noting low strength esomeprazole is not publicly subsidised in Australia, availability of these preparations may also facilitate more appropriate practice
Randomised controlled trial in women with coronary artery disease investigating the effects of aerobic interval training versus moderate intensity continuous exercise in cardiac rehabilitation: CAT versus MICE study
Authors: Lee Leanna S , Tsai Ming-Chang , Brooks Dina , Oh Paul I 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of aerobic interval training (AIT) versus moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on aerobic exercise capacity (V̇O2peak), in women only, with coronary artery disease (CAD) and who were referred to a large, 24-week outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programme. Secondary objectives included comparing the effects of AIT versus MICE on cognition, cardiovascular risk profile, adherence and quality of life before and after the 24-week CR programme.MethodsThirty-one postmenopausal women with CAD (left ventricular ejection fraction >35%; 68.2±9.2 years of age; V̇O2peak: 19.1±3.5 mL kg-1min-1) were randomised to 24 weeks of usual care MICE (60%–80% of V̇O2peak, five times per week) or AIT (four 4-min intervals at 90%–95% of peak heart rate, three times per week+two times per week usual care MICE). Differences between and within groups were assessed using independent samples t-tests and paired samples t-tests, respectively. Treatment effect analysis of AIT on V̇O2peak and secondary outcomes was determined using analysis of covariance with baseline values as covariates.ResultsA randomised controlled trial study design was unfeasible in this female CAD population. Unanticipated challenges in recruitment availability and eligibility, in combination with a 59% and 50% attrition rate in the AIT and MICE group, respectively, rendered this study underpowered to detect differences between groups. The per protocol treatment effect analysis, however, unveiled a 0.95 mL kg-1min-1improvement in V̇O2peak in response to AIT over MICE (p<0.001).ConclusionsFurther research is necessary to elucidate the patient profile and circumstances under which the potential for the implementation of AIT may be individualised, and offered in clinical practice.Trial registrationNCT02966158.
Nimble evolution for pretzel Khovanov polynomials
Authors: Anokhina Aleksandra , Morozov Alexei , Popolitov Aleksandr 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We conjecture explicit evolution formulas for Khovanov polynomials, which for any particular knot are Laurent polynomials of complex variables q and T, for pretzel knots of genus g in some regions in the space of winding parameters $$n_0, \dots , n_g$$n0,⋯,ng. Our description is exhaustive for genera 1 and 2. As previously observed Anokhina and Morozov (2018), Dunin-Barkowski et al. (2019), evolution at $$T\ne -1$$T≠-1 is not fully smooth: it switches abruptly at the boundaries between different regions. We reveal that this happens also at the boundary between thin and thick knots, moreover, the thick-knot domain is further stratified. For thin knots the two eigenvalues 1 and $$\lambda = q^2 T$$λ=q2T, governing the evolution, are the standard T-deformation of the eigenvalues of the R-matrix 1 and $$-q^2$$-q2. However, in thick knots’ regions extra eigenvalues emerge, and they are powers of the “naive” $$\lambda $$λ, namely, they are equal to $$\lambda ^2, \dots , \lambda ^g$$λ2,⋯,λg. From point of view of frequencies, i.e. logarithms of eigenvalues, this is frequency doubling (more precisely, frequency multiplication) – a phenomenon typical for non-linear dynamics. Hence, our observation can signal a hidden non-linearity of superpolynomial evolution. To give this newly observed evolution a short name, note that when $$\lambda $$λ is pure phase the contributions of $$\lambda ^2, \dots , \lambda ^g$$λ2,⋯,λg oscillate “faster” than the one of $$\lambda $$λ. Hence, we call this type of evolution “nimble”.
The transverse momentum spectrum of weak gauge bosons at N$${}^3$$LL + NNLO
Authors: Bizoń Wojciech , Gehrmann-De Ridder Aude , Gehrmann Thomas , Glover Nigel , Huss Alexander , Monni Pier Francesco , Re Emanuele , Rottoli Luca , Walker Duncan M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present accurate QCD predictions for the transverse momentum ($$p_\perp $$

p
⊥

) spectrum of electroweak gauge bosons at the LHC for $$13~\mathrm {TeV} $$

13

TeV

collisions, based on a consistent combination of a NNLO calculation at large $$p_\perp $$

p
⊥

and N$$^3$$

3

LL resummation in the small $$p_\perp $$

p
⊥

limit. The inclusion of higher order corrections leads to substantial changes in the shape of the differential distributions, and the residual perturbative uncertainties are reduced to the few percent level across the whole transverse momentum spectrum. We examine the ratio of $$p_\perp $$

p
⊥

distributions in charged- and neutral-current Drell–Yan production, and study different prescriptions for the estimate of perturbative uncertainties that rely on different degrees of correlation between these processes. We observe an excellent stability of the ratios with respect to the perturbative order, indicating a strong correlation between the corresponding QCD corrections.
Large $$N_c$$ scaling of meson masses and decay constants
Authors: Hernández P. , Pena C. , Romero-López F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We perform an ab initio calculation of the $$N_c$$Nc scaling of the low-energy couplings of the chiral Lagrangian of low-energy strong interactions, extracted from the mass dependence of meson masses and decay constants. We compute these observables on the lattice with four degenerate fermions, $$N_f=4$$Nf=4, and varying number of colours, $$N_c=3$$Nc=3–6, at a lattice spacing of $$a\simeq 0.075$$a≃0.075 fm. We find good agreement with the expected $$N_c$$Nc scaling and measure the coefficients of the leading and subleading terms in the large $$N_c$$Nc expansion. From the subleading $$N_c$$Nc corrections, we can also infer the $$N_f$$Nf dependence, that we use to extract the value of the low-energy couplings for different values of $$N_f$$Nf. We find agreement with previous determinations at $$N_c=3$$Nc=3 and $$N_f=2, 3$$Nf=2,3 and also, our results support a strong paramagnetic suppression of the chiral condensate in moving from $$N_f=2$$Nf=2 to $$N_f=3$$Nf=3.
Approximation of Calcium Diffusion in Alzheimeric Cell
Authors: Jha Brajesh Kumar , Dave Devanshi D. 
Published: October 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia prevailing worldwide. It has been found that the higher level of cytosolic calcium leads to the pathological symptoms of AD and the two cytoplasmic calcium binding buffers have their roles in sustaining this dementia. However, the area of their functioning and working is found to be different. Calmodulin is found in CA1-hippocampus neurons, whereas calbindin-D28k is found in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Based on this physiology, in this research paper an attempt has been made to delineate the physiological phenomenon of calcium diffusion at cytosolic level. Taking into consideration the physiology of the neuron, a two-dimensional mathematical model is used and is solved using finite element method (FEM). The appropriate initial and boundary conditions are assumed in presence of suitable diffusion coefficient of calcium and association rate of the buffer. The approximate geometries for both the neurons are taken into consideration to get a better insight about the pathology behind calcium diffusion taking place in AD. The desired results are shown graphically for Alzheimeric and non-Alzheimeric cells. Thus, the obtained results clearly show the significant impact of buffers on cytosolic calcium which affect the normal condition of the cell and maintain the cell calcium.
Large deviations and a new sum rule for spectral matrix measures of the Jacobi ensemble
Authors: Gamboa Fabrice , Nagel Jan , Rouault Alain 
Published: October 2019

We continue to explore the connections between large deviations for objects coming from random matrix theory and sum rules. This connection was established in [Sum rules via large deviations, J. Funct. Anal. 270(2) (2016) 509–559] for spectral measures of classical ensembles (Gauss–Hermite, Laguerre, Jacobi) and it was extended to spectral matrix measures of the Hermite and Laguerre ensemble in [Sum rules and large deviations for spectral matrix measures, Bernoulli 25(1) (2018) 712–741]. In this paper, we consider the remaining case of spectral matrix measures of the Jacobi ensemble. Our main results are a large deviation principle for such measures and a sum rule for matrix measures with reference measure the Kesten–McKay law. As an important intermediate step, we derive the distribution of matricial canonical moments of the Jacobi ensemble.
Sidney David Drell (September 13, 1926–December 21, 2016): A Biographical Memoir
Authors: Jaffe Robert , Jeanloz Raymond 
Published: October 2019

Sidney David Drell, professor emeritus at Stanford University and senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, died shortly after his 90th birthday in Palo Alto, California. In a career spanning nearly 70 years, Sid—as he was universally known—achieved prominence as a theoretical physicist, public servant, and humanitarian. Sid contributed incisively to our understanding of the electromagnetic properties of matter. He created the theory group at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and led it through the most creative period in elementary particle physics. The Drell-Yan mechanism is the process through which many particles of the Standard Model, including the famous Higgs boson, were discovered. Sid advised Presidents and Cabinet Members on matters ranging from nuclear weapons to intelligence, speaking truth to power but with keen insight for offering politically effective advice. His special friendships with Wolfgang (Pief) Panofsky, Andrei Sakharov, and George Shultz highlighted his work at the interface between science and human affairs. He advocated widely for the intellectual freedom of scientists and in his later years campaigned tirelessly to rid the world of nuclear weapons.
Comprehensive Benchmarking and Integration of Tumor Microenvironment Cell Estimation Methods
Authors: Jiménez-Sánchez Alejandro , Cast Oliver , Miller Martin L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Various computational approaches have been developed for estimating the relative abundance of different cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME) using bulk tumor RNA data. However, a comprehensive comparison across diverse datasets that objectively evaluates the performance of these approaches has not been conducted. Here, we benchmarked seven widely used tools and gene sets and introduced ConsensusTME, a method that integrates gene sets from all the other methods for relative TME cell estimation of 18 cell types. We collected a comprehensive benchmark dataset consisting of pan-cancer data (DNA-derived purity, leukocyte methylation, and hematoxylin and eosin–derived lymphocyte counts) and cell-specific benchmark datasets (peripheral blood cells and tumor tissues). Although none of the methods outperformed others in every benchmark, ConsensusTME ranked top three in all cancer-related benchmarks and was the best performing tool overall. We provide a Web resource to interactively explore the benchmark results and an objective evaluation to help researchers select the most robust and accurate method to further investigate the role of the TME in cancer (www.consensusTME.org).

Significance:
This work shows an independent and comprehensive benchmarking of recently developed and widely used tumor microenvironment cell estimation methods based on bulk expression data and integrates the tools into a consensus approach.
A Model of Indirect Cell Death Caused by Tumor Vascular Damage after High-Dose Radiotherapy
Authors: Rodríguez-Barbeito Pedro , Díaz-Botana Pablo , Gago-Arias Araceli , Feijoo Manuel , Neira Sara , Guiu-Souto Jacobo , López-Pouso Óscar , Gómez-Caamaño Antonio , Pardo-Montero Juan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that high doses of radiotherapy, like those delivered in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), trigger indirect mechanisms of cell death. Such effect seems to be two-fold. High doses may trigger an immune response and may cause vascular damage, leading to cell starvation and death. Development of mathematical response models, including indirect death, may help clinicians to design SBRT optimal schedules. Despite increasing experimental literature on indirect tumor cell death caused by vascular damage, efforts on modeling this effect have been limited. In this work, we present a biomathematical model of this effect. In our model, tumor oxygenation is obtained by solving the reaction–diffusion equation; radiotherapy kills tumor cells according to the linear–quadratic model, and also endothelial cells (EC), which can trigger loss of functionality of capillaries. Capillary death will affect tumor oxygenation, driving nearby tumor cells into severe hypoxia. Capillaries can recover functionality due to EC proliferation. Tumor cells entering a predetermined severe hypoxia status die according to a hypoxia-death model. This model fits recently published experimental data showing the effect of vascular damage on surviving fractions. It fits surviving fraction curves and qualitatively reproduces experimental values of percentages of functional capillaries 48 hours postirradiation, and hypoxic cells pre- and 48 hours postirradiation. This model is useful for exploring aspects of tumor and EC response to radiotherapy and constitutes a stepping stone toward modeling indirect tumor cell death caused by vascular damage and accounting for this effect during SBRT planning.

Significance:
A novel biomathematical model of indirect tumor cell death caused by vascular radiation damage could potentially help clinicians interpret experimental data and design better radiotherapy schedules.
Testosterone Therapy in Relation to Prostate Cancer in a U.S. Commercial Insurance Claims Database
Authors: Cook Michael B. , Beachler Daniel C. , Parlett Lauren E. , Cochetti Philip T. , Finkle William D. , Lanes Stephan , Hoover Robert N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background:
We conducted a study to assess whether testosterone therapy (TT) alters prostate cancer risk using a large U.S. commercial insurance research database.

Methods:
From the HealthCore Integrated Research Database (HIRD), we selected men ages 30 years or greater who were new users of TT during 2007 to 2015. We selected two comparison groups: (i) unexposed (matched 10:1) and (ii) new users of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i). Incident prostate cancer was defined as diagnosis of prostate cancer within 4 weeks following prostate biopsy. Propensity scores and inverse probability of treatment weights were used in Poisson regression models to estimate adjusted incidence rates, incidence rate ratios (IRR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analyses included stratification by prostate cancer screening, hypogonadism, and follow-up time.

Results:
The adjusted prostate cancer IRR was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68–0.86) when comparing TT with the unexposed group and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.79–0.91) in comparison with the PDE5i group. Inverse associations between TT and prostate cancer were observed in a majority of subgroup analyses, although in both comparisons estimates generally attenuated with increasing time following initial exposure. Among TT users, duration of exposure was not associated with prostate cancer.

Conclusions:
Men who received TT did not have a higher rate of prostate cancer compared with the unexposed or PDE5i comparison groups. The inverse association between TT and prostate cancer could be the result of residual confounding, contraindication bias, or undefined biological effect.

Impact:
This study suggests that limited TT exposure does not increase risk of prostate cancer in the short term.
Beta-Blocker Use and Lung Cancer Mortality in a Nationwide Cohort Study of Patients with Primary Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Udumyan Ruzan , Montgomery Scott , Fang Fang , Valdimarsdottir Unnur , Hardardottir Hronn , Ekbom Anders , Smedby Karin E. , Fall Katja 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background:
β-Adrenergic receptor blockers have been associated with improved survival among patients with different types of malignancies, but available data for patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are contradictory and limited to small hospital-based studies. We therefore aimed to investigate whether β-blocker use at the time of cancer diagnosis is associated with lung cancer mortality in the largest general population-based cohort of patients with NSCLC to date.

Methods:
For this retrospectively defined nationwide cohort study, we used prospectively collected data from Swedish population and health registers. Through the Swedish Cancer Register, we identified 18,429 patients diagnosed with a primary NSCLC between 2006 and 2014 with follow-up to 2015. Cox regression was used to estimate the association between β-blocker use at time of cancer diagnosis ascertained from the Prescribed Drug Register and cancer-specific mortality identified from the Cause of Death Register.

Results:
Over a median follow-up of 10.2 months, 14,994 patients died (including 13,398 from lung cancer). Compared with nonuse, β-blocker use (predominantly prevalent use, 93%) was not associated with lung cancer mortality [HR (95% confidence interval): 1.01 (0.97–1.06)]. However, the possibility that diverging associations for specific β-blockers and some histopathologic subtypes exist cannot be excluded.

Conclusions:
In this nationwide cohort of patients with NSCLC, β-blocker use was not associated with lung cancer mortality when assessed in aggregate in the total cohort, but evidence for some β-blockers is less conclusive.

Impact:
Our results do not indicate that β-blocker use at lung cancer diagnosis reduces the cancer-specific mortality rate in patients with NSCLC.
Validation of the OncoMasTR Risk Score in Estrogen Receptor–Positive/HER2-Negative Patients: A TransATAC study
Authors: Buus Richard , Sestak Ivana , Barron Stephen , Loughman Tony , Fender Bozena , Ruiz Cesar Lopez , Dynoodt Peter , Wang Chan-Ju Angel , O'Leary Des , Gallagher William M. , Dowsett Mitch , Cuzick Jack 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
To test the validity of OncoMasTR Molecular Score (OMm), OMclin1, and OncoMasTR Risk Score (OMclin2) prognostic scores for prediction of distant recurrence (DR) in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer treated with 5 years' endocrine therapy only and compare their performance with the Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS).

Experimental Design:
OMm incorporates three master transcription regulator genes. OMclin1 combines OMm, tumor size, grade, and nodal status; OMclin2 incorporates OMm, tumor size, and nodal status. OMclin1 and OMclin2 were evaluated for 646 postmenopausal patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative primary breast cancer with 0–3 involved lymph nodes in TransATAC. Patients were randomized to 5 years' anastrozole or tamoxifen without chemotherapy. RS was available in all cases. We used likelihood ratio-χ2, C-index, and Kaplan–Meier analyses to assess prognostic information.

Results:
OMm, OMclin1, and OMclin2 were highly prognostic for prediction of DR in years 0–10 among all patients [likelihood ratio (LR)-χ2 = 25.4, 48.7, and 45.0, respectively, all P &lt; 0.001; C-index = 0.67, 0.71, and 0.71, respectively], compared with RS (LR-χ2 = 18.8; P &lt; 0.001; C-index = 0.63). All three scores provided significant additional prognostic value beyond clinical treatment score, Nottingham Prognostic Index, and Ki67. OMclin1 and OMclin2 categorized 190 and 267 node-negative patients as low risk (DR rates: 2.9% and 4.9%, respectively). In comparison, RS categorized 296 node-negative patients as low-risk and 128 patients as intermediate-risk (DR rate: 6.6% and 17.3%, respectively).

Conclusions:
OMm, OMclin1, and OMclin2 were highly prognostic for early and late DR in women with early-stage ER-positive breast cancer receiving 5 years' endocrine therapy. In TransATAC, OMclin1 and the OncoMasTR Risk Score (OMclin2) were superior to RS in identifying patients at increased risk of DR.
O debate literário e intelectual latino-americano na produção de José Carlos Mariátegui
Authors: Pereira Bernardo Soares 
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a obra de José Carlos Mariátegui, em especial sua reflexão acerca da questão nacional, através da contendas literárias e intelectuais em que autor esteve envolvido. Nesse sentido, serão valorizados não somente seus textos, como também o diálogo existente entre seus contemporâneos e, além disso, o debate existente na intelectualidade latino-americana que o precedeu, inserindo a obra do autor dentro de um contexto mais amplo do pensamento social latino-americano, afim de ressaltar tanto o caldo político e cultural no qual esteve submerso quanto identificar o impacto de sua contribuição naquela época.