bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Diameter Measurements Using Echocardiography in Newborn Infants
Authors: Pereira Sujith S. 
Published: June 2020

Objective This study aimed to compare left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) diameter measurements using two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography at the sino-tubular junction (STJ) and at the aortic valve (AV) hinges in newborn infants.
Study Design This is a retrospective study in a tertiary neonatal unit where infants underwent echocardiography for evaluation of murmur or as part of cardiovascular assessment. Three consecutive cardiac cycles were chosen to measure the LVOT diameter in end systole at the STJ and at the AV hinges. Bias and levels of agreement were examined using Bland–Altman plot. Intraobserver variability was examined using intraclass correlation.
Results A total of 366 measurements were obtained from 61 infants with a mean (standard deviation) gestation and birth weight of 33.4 (6.9) weeks and 2,181 (1369) g, respectively. There was good correlation between the LVOT diameter measurements using the STJ and AV hinges (r = 0.958, p < 0.001). The mean (standard deviation and 95% confidence interval) bias between LVOT diameter measurements using STJ and AV hinges were 0.93 (0.45 and 0.06–1.81) mm. There was good intraobserver variability between the measurements using both methods.
Conclusion Using 2D echocardiography, LVOT measurements using the STJ tend to be higher when compared with LVOT measurements using the AV hinges.
Key Points
Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Prone Position: An Anesthetic Challenge
Authors: Hooda Bhavna , Sud Saurabh , Dwivedi Deepak , Yadav Sanjay K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe anesthetic management of a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) for noncardiac surgery is challenging due to associated congestive heart failure, malignant dysrhythmias, sudden cardiac arrest, implanted rhythm devices, and thromboembolism. We report successful conduct of a case of DCM on cardiac resynchronization device with Cauda equina syndrome (CES) under general anesthesia in prone position. The anesthetic concerns specific to the pathophysiology of DCM are also discussed.
Experimental realization of a reconfigurable electroacoustic topological insulator
Authors: Darabi Amir , Collet Manuel , Leamy Michael J. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
We present a demonstration of topologically protected states using reconfigurable electroacoustic TIs whose design is simple, effective, and straightforward to fabricate. Numerical simulations and experimental measurements illustrate topologically protected wave propagation, free of back-scattering, along edges and interfaces. We anticipate these materials will have broad implications for devices capable of mechanical logic and circuitry, which may have advantages over electronic equivalents in harsh operating conditions, or in replacing wireless systems near propagation dead zones. Due to their dynamic reconfigurability, they may also lead to small-scale multiplexing and demultiplexing devices for use in communication devices, similar to the ubiquitous surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices used to filter electromagnetic energy.
On the enigmatic disappearance of Rauber’s layer
Authors: van Leeuwen Jessica , Rawson Pisana , Berg Debra K. , Wells David N. , Pfeffer Peter L. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Trophoblast contributes to mammalian placenta formation, but it also has an earlier function in gastrulation induction within the embryonic epiblast. We show here that gastrulation induction occurs ectopically if the central area of the epiblast disc contacts the trophoblast for too long. Hence the central epiblast must be shielded from trophoblast influence. We propose that this novel “shielding” principle holds for all mammals and is achieved either through the removal of the trophoblast (Rauber’s layer) overlaying the epiblast or by the formation of a cavity within the epiblast (the proamniotic cavity) thereby distancing the central epiblast from the trophoblast.
Immunity to commensal skin fungi promotes psoriasiform skin inflammation
Authors: Hurabielle Charlotte , Link Verena M. , Bouladoux Nicolas , Han Seong-Ji , Merrill Eric Dean , Lightfoot Yaima L. , Seto Nickie , Bleck Christopher K. E. , Smelkinson Margery , Harrison Oliver J. , Linehan Jonathan L. , Tamoutounour Samira , Lionakis Michail S. , Kaplan Mariana J. , Nakajima Saeko , Belkaid Yasmine 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceTissues exposed to the environment are sites of exposure to symbiotic microbes including fungi that are continuously sensed by the immune system. Here, we show that immunity to commensal skin fungi can significantly aggravate tissue inflammation. Enhanced pathology caused by fungi preexposure depends on lymphocytes able to produce the cytokine IL-17 and the formation of extracellular traps by neutrophils. We also found that fungal exposure prior to experimental modeling of psoriasis recapitulates features of the transcriptional landscape of human lesional psoriatic skin. Together, our results propose that recall responses directed to skin fungi can directly promote skin inflammation and that exploration of tissue inflammation should be assessed in the context of recall responses to the microbiota.
Disruption of evolutionarily correlated tRNA elements impairs accurate decoding
Authors: Nguyen Ha An , Sunita S. , Dunham Christine M. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Accurate gene expression relies on enzymes distinguishing correct from incorrect substrates that are chemically and structurally similar. During protein synthesis, correct base pairing between the tRNA anticodon and the mRNA codon is essential for accurate translation. Other tRNA elements outside of the anticodon also contribute to correct selection by the ribosome, but the structural basis for their contribution to selectivity is unknown. Here, we determine structures of the bacterial ribosome containing tRNAs with altered nucleotide pairings in the anticodon loop that are known to prevent the ribosome from distinguishing correct from incorrect tRNAs. Collectively, these structures reveal a previously unappreciated role for a ribosomal decoding site nucleotide in sensing the integrity of the tRNA that contributes to decoding fidelity.
IL-38 inhibits microglial inflammatory mediators and is decreased in amygdala of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Tsilioni Irene , Pantazopoulos Harry , Conti Pio , Leeman Susan E. , Theoharides Theoharis C. 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceThese findings indicate the important role of IL-38 in the inihibition of neurotensin-stimulated activation of microglia and the resulting release of proinflammatory molecules. Moreover, the reduced expression of IL-38 in the amygdala indicates that it may not be sufficient to prevent inflammation, and that its administration could serve as a novel treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder.
Observation of backscattering induced by magnetism in a topological edge state
Authors: Jäck Berthold , Xie Yonglong , Andrei Bernevig B. , Yazdani Ali 
Published: June 2020

Significance
One of the predicted characteristics of helical topological boundary modes is the absence of backscattering when time-reversal symmetry (TRS) is preserved. While previous experiments have provided evidence for this topological protection, inducing backscattering by breaking TRS has yet to be demonstrated. We test this fundamental property by investigating quasiparticle scattering in the one-dimensional topological edge state of bismuth bilayers, coupled to ferromagnetic iron clusters, using a scanning tunneling microscope. Our experimental observations demonstrate that backscattering is induced by magnetism of iron clusters in these topological edge modes.
Language rights and groups of immigrant origin
Authors: Erdocia Iker 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this article, I aim to analyse language rights in relation to groups of immigrant origin. Liberal democracies
are reluctant to consider immigrant groups as subjects entitled to the same set of language and cultural rights enjoyed by
national minorities. However, the trend towards increasing levels of immigration is configuring new cultural and language
correlations within territorial boundaries that provoke responses that problematise a fixed conception of language rights. Drawing
on theories of liberal multiculturalism, I examine the case of claims for language recognition in the Spanish autonomous cities of
Ceuta and Melilla and its normative implications. In these territories, factors such as size, concentration, and the historical
ties of Arabic- and Berber-speaking communities challenge conventional approaches to minority groups’ rights based on a national
versus immigrant minority distinction. I argue that these approaches are not satisfactory for language claims in these two cities
and that a contextual approach is better suited to conceptualising the recognition of language rights.
Understanding the multi-dimensional nature of informational language in health care interactions
Authors: Staples Shelley , Venetis Maria K. , Robinson Jeffrey D. , Dultz Rachel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMuch of the corpus-based research on medical discourse has focused on “involved” language (e.g., 1st person pronouns, discourse markers) and its importance in creating patient rapport (Adolphs, Brown, Carter, Crawford, & Sahota, 2004;Skelton & Hobbes, 1999;Staples, 2016). However, in the broader literature on health care interactions, providers’ information provision is equally important in patient-centered care (Ong, de Haes, Joos, & Lammes, 1995). This paper investigates the ways in which providers and patients use informational language in medical discourse using multidimensional analysis (MDA;Biber, 1988). We first examine three corpora of medical interactions and then focus a new MDA on one type of interaction that requires more informational language use: discussions of disease and treatment options. The analysis revealed multifaceted aspects of information provision that differ depending on the nature of the information, including providers’ procedural information for medical treatment and impersonal information provision for explaining the disease.
Blackcurrant extract does not affect the speed–duration relationship during high‐intensity running
Authors: Pastellidou Eleni , Gillespie Eric , McGrotty Anton , Spence Joshua , McCloskey William , Johnston Lynsey , Wilson John , Kemi Ole J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnthocyanin‐rich blackcurrant extract (BC) has been shown to ergogenically aid high‐intensity exercise. Capacity for such exercise is evaluated by the hyperbolic speed–tolerable duration (S–Dtol) relationship. Therefore, in double‐blinded and cross‐over randomised controlled trials, 15 males underwent treadmill running incremental exercise testing and were assessed for S–Dtol, quantified by critical speed (CS) and D’ (distance), and assessments of time to exhaustion performance to empirically test the limits of the S–Dtol relationship, after daily supplementation of 300 mg/d BC (105 mg/d anthocyanin) or placebo. Supplementation with BC did not change CS (placebo 12.1 ± 1.0 km/h vs BC 11.9 ± 1.0 km/h, p > .05) or D’ (placebo 918.6 ± 223.2 m vs BC 965.2 ± 231.2 m, p > .05), although further analysis indicated D’ increased in 60% of subject (p = .08), indicating a trend toward cohorts potentially benefiting from BC supplementation. BC supplementation did not change time to exhaustion at or above CS, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), lactate threshold (LT), submaximal running economy (CR), or substrate utilisation during exercise (all p > .05). In conclusion, we could not detect any beneficial effect of BC supplementation during high‐intensity running exercise, including the determining factors S–Dtol relationship, VO2max, LT or CR. Hence, no ergogenic effect was observed.
Predicting children's energy expenditure during physical activity using deep learning and wearable sensor data
Authors: Hamid Abdul , Duncan Michael J. , Eyre Emma L. J. , Jing Yanguo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examined a series of machine learning models, evaluating their effectiveness in assessing children's energy expenditure, in terms of the metabolic equivalents (MET) of physical activity (PA), from triaxial accelerometery. The study also determined the impact of the sensor placement (waist, ankle or wrist) on the machine learning model's predictive performance. Twenty‐eight healthy Caucasian children aged 8–11years (13 girls, 15 boys) undertook a series of activities reflective of different levels of PA (lying supine, seated and playing with Lego, slow walking, medium walking, and a medium paced run, instep passing a football, overarm throwing and catching and stationary cycling). Energy expenditure and physical activity were assessed during all activities using accelerometers (GENEActiv monitor) worn on four locations (i.e. non‐dominant wrist, dominant wrist, dominant waist, dominant ankle) and breath‐by‐breath calorimetry data. MET values ranged from 1.2 ± 0.2 for seated playing with Lego to 4.1 ± 0.8 for running at 6.5 kmph−1. Machine learning models were used to determine the MET values from the accelerometer data and to determine which placement location performed more effectively in predicting the PA data. The study identified that novel machine learning models can be used to accurately predict METs, with 90% accuracy. The models showed a preference towards the dominant wrist or ankle as the movement in those positions were more consistent during PA. It was evident that machine learning models using these locations can be effectively used to accurately predict METs for PA in children.
Progress of the 4 K-class Vuilleumier type cryocooler and its further applications
Authors: Wang J , Pan C Z , Zhang T , Luo K Q , Xi X T , Chen L B , Zhou Y , Wang J J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Vuilleumier cycle was first patented in 1918. It was usually regard as the thermal-driven Stirling refrigeration cycle, which combined the low-frequency working pattern like Giffod-Mcmahon (GM) cryocooler and the compactness of Stirling-type cryocooler. With the continuous development in the past 100 years, the Vuilleumier-type (VM-type) cryocoolers have to been proved to generate cooling power from ambient temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature and even to liquid helium temperature. In recent decades, some efforts were made on traditional displacer-type VM cryocooler, Vuilleumier hybrid pulse tube cryocooler (VM-HPTC) and the VM-type pulse tube cryocooler (VM-type PTC) to obtain the liquid helium temperature. Successfully, not only the 4 K was obtained, but also the limit temperature of oscillating cryocooler by He4 was hit. This paper presents the progress of the 4 K-class VM-type cryocooler and analyzed the possible applications of 4 K class VM-type cryocooler.
Application of sub-cooled superfluid helium for cavity cooling at linac-based free electron lasers, energy recovery and proton linacs
Authors: Putselyk S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In order to build a compact linear accelerator, high acceleration gradients of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities have to be achieved. In many large accelerators, e.g. XFEL, CEBAF or SNS, operational limitations are caused either by a limit on available overall cooling power of refrigerators or on cooling capabilities of sc cavities. So, for the further improving of sc cavity cooling, it is possible to increase either a quality factor (Q
0) or to improve a heat transfer at the cavity surfaces. Application of a sub-cooled superfluid helium gives several advantages, e.g. higher heat flux densities, longer time for onset of a film boiling regime and shorter recovery time, reduced Kapitza resistances, etc. In the present paper, application of sub-cooled superfluid (sf) helium for linac-based Free Electron Lasers, Energy Recovery and Proton Linacs is considered. In order to limit the present discussion, its application to CEBAF/SNS-style cryomodules is discussed in detail. For operation at higher RF power levels, further cooling improvements of a fundamental power coupler are needed and design modifications also presented.
Use of technological tool for the consolidation of mathematical pre-knowledge in higher education
Authors: Diaz D. , Rueda K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Currently, information and communication Technologies (ICT) have permeated the different educational, political, economic and sociocultural contexts, contributing to the inclusion and development of society by optimizing time, efforts and resources. On the other hand, (ICT) are considered powerful facilitators of the teaching-learning process at all training levels because they visibly improve the way of acquiring knowledge, becoming essential tools for educational transformation and innovation. Therefore, the purpose of this present study is to analyze the results of the first implementation of the PREIN - UTS virtual course developed in the web Khan-Academy tool. The sample was formed by new students who entered the first semester of the technological level in the academic period 2018-II of a higher education institution located in Bucaramanga Santander (N=801). The methodological approach was quantitative of exploratory type, with the use of descriptive statistics and SPSS software for data analysis. Among the research results it was evidenced that the PREIN course is an innovative and easily accessible strategy, that contributes to the assurance of mathematical skills of the upcoming students that will enter proximally.
Characterization of the current electric energy needs in subsidized residential users
Authors: Umaña-Ibáñez S F , Silva-Ortega J I , Gomez-Charris Y , Berdugo-Sarmiento K M , Carbonell-Navarro S J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper it is considered the characterization and behaviour of the residential energy demand of users located in socioeconomic sectors of the Department of Atlántico, also, the participation of communities to declare the typical energy consumption at the residential level. The results are based on direct measurement sources which allows the development of energy efficiency projects, renewable energies that respond to the needs of the communities and seek to encourage the proliferation of renewable energy projects by adequately sizing the installed capacities of the resources, with the possibility of establishing grid connection as well as systems for energy management in residential users.
Approach to professional practice from simulators and virtual laboratories
Authors: Peña C J , Vargas L , Murcia J C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The professional practice and student experimentation have undergone changes in the mode of the instruction processes, which has had an impact not only on the adaptation of business processes but also in the reorientation of academic dynamics around the use of simulators, due to the development of new learning technologies and their high influence in educational environments. Therefore, higher education institutions are responsible for designing complementary learning situations to the future professionals’ training of the disciplinary area through qualified practices. That is why, through this research and the use of mixed methods, the perception of students and teachers of the support that new technologies have been providing just as a teaching resource for the transfer of knowledge, boosting the experimental classroom and its implementation in the professional practice; Simulators and virtual reality have allowed the improvement of science as an active part of academic processes and business development. The results highlight the importance of continuing to work on the implementation and familiarization with these tools.
Adhesive properties of water-soluble and biodegradable hot-melt adhesive based on partially saponified poly(vinyl acetate)
Authors: Kim Yong-Ho , Om Chol-Yi , Hwang Yong-Su , Hong Yong-Bom 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Partially saponified low molecular weight (LMW) PVAc was synthesized and blended with a tackifier for use as hot-melt adhesive with water-solubility and biodegradibility. The water-solubility of the partially saponified LMW PVAc was determined as a function of the degree of saponification. PVAc prepared in this study had good water-solubility because its molecular weight was very small and it had lots of hydroxy groups in the polymer chain. As the degree of saponification increased, the solubility of PVAc in water increased. The glass transition temperature and viscoelastic properties of partially saponified PVAc were measured and analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). As the temperature increased and the degree of saponification decreased, melt viscosity decreased. The single lap-shear strength and biodegradability of the hot-melt adhesive on based PVAc were systematically evaluated. As the degree of saponification of the polymer increased, the single lap-shear strength of the hot-melt adhesive and the tendency for cohesive failure to occur decreased. The higher the degree of saponification, the faster the rate of biodegradation of the adhesive in natural water.
The dilution of interim anti-arbitration injunctions in Devi Resources: pro-enforcement approach gone too far?
Authors: Jain Saarthak , Makkar Kashish 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Keeping in line with India’s ‘pro-arbitration’ approach, the Calcutta High Court in Devi Resources Ltd v Ambo Exports Ltd recently refused an application seeking to restrain the enforcement of an arbitral award on the ground that the award was passed in violation of an interim anti-arbitration injunction. The Court based its reasoning on the fact that the injunction was ultimately vacated at a later stage (after the award had already been passed), and once such interim injunction has been set aside, it would imply that the injunction had never been passed. On the face of it, this decision seems to be an illustration of Indian courts’ awareness of the importance of minimal intervention in the scheme of promoting international commercial arbitrations. However, on a closer look, one finds that the court’s decision does more harm than good by legitimizing the violation of an anti-arbitration injunction without any consequences. The present article examines the ruling in Devi Resources. It also explores the policy implications of the Court’s decision on the efficacy of anti-arbitration injunctions.
Applied potential of task-free event-related paradigms for assessing neurocognitive functions in disorders of consciousness
Authors: Møller Marie Louise Holm , Højlund Andreas , Jensen Mads , Gansonre Christelle , Shtyrov Yury 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Diagnosing patients with disorders of consciousness is immensely difficult and often results in misdiagnoses, which can have fatal consequences. Despite the severity of this well-known issue, a reliable assessment tool has not yet been developed and implemented in the clinic. The main aim of this focused review is to evaluate the various event-related potential paradigms, recorded using EEG, which may be used to improve the assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness; we also provide a brief comparison of these paradigms with other measures. Notably, most event-related potential studies on the topic have focused on testing a small set of components, or even just a single component. However, to be of practical use, we argue that an assessment should probe a range of cognitive and linguistic functions at once. We suggest a novel approach that combines a set of well-tested auditory event-related potential components: N100, mismatch negativity, P3a, N400, early left anterior negativity and lexical response enhancement. Combining these components in a single, task-free design will provide a multidimensional assessment of cognitive and linguistic processes, which may help physicians make a more precise diagnosis.