bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Thermoregulation
Authors: Dixon Kristi Lynn , Carter Brigit , Harriman Tiffany , Doles Bradley , Sitton Barbara , Thompson Julie 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Premature infants are poor regulators of body temperature and are subjected to environmental factors that can lead to rapid heat loss, leaving them vulnerable to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from hypothermia. Thermoregulation protocols have proven to increase survival in preterm infants.

Purpose:
To evaluate a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle on a previously implemented Golden Hour protocol at a military medical care facility for infants born at less than 32 weeks of gestation and weighing less than1500 g. Specific aims included the use of increased delivery/operating room temperatures and proper use of thermoregulatory devices (polyethylene bags and thermal mattress).

Methods:
Outcomes were analyzed and compared using a pre/postdesign. The data was collected using the neonatal intensive care unit admission worksheet.

Results:
Although statistical analysis was not significant, clinical significance was illustrated by a decrease in hypothermia rates on admission and at 1 hour of life. There was a 100% compliance rate with increasing delivery room/operating room temperatures and thermal mattress use. Polyethylene bag use compliance was 50%.

Implications for Practice:
Golden Hour protocols have proven to be an effective tool. Thermoregulation is a significant component of these protocols, and it is imperative that every step is taken to manage the environmental temperature during the birth and admission process.

Implications for Research:
There is a need for continued research on the impacts of thermoregulatory devices and protocols, with resulting practice and device recommendations.
Technique for Removal of Broken InterTAN Integrated Cephalomedullary Screw
Authors: Burgesson Bernard N. , Coles Chad P. 
Published: December 2020

Summary:
Pertrochanteric femoral fractures are routinely treated with cephalomedullary nailing, with good success. In the event of nonunion, implant fatigue failure may occur. The Trigen InterTAN system (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN) features 2 integrated cephalomedullary screws for improved rotational stability of the proximal segment. The inferior compression screw prevents rotation of the larger, superior lag screw. In the event of inferior screw breakage, the retained portion will prevent the integrated lag screw from being rotated to permit extraction. We present a case of a broken nail as well as a broken integrated screw, and describe a technique for successful implant removal.
Intermittent Optogenetic Tachypacing of Atrial Engineered Heart Tissue Induces Only Limited Electrical Remodelling
Authors: Lemoine Marc D. , Lemme Marta , Ulmer Bärbel M. , Braren Ingke , Krasemann Susanne , Hansen Arne , Kirchhof Paulus , Meyer Christian , Eschenhagen Thomas , Christ Torsten 
Published: December 2020

Abstract:
Atrial tachypacing is an accepted model for atrial fibrillation (AF) in large animals and in cellular models. Human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) provide a novel human source to model cardiovascular diseases. Here, we investigated whether optogenetic tachypacing of atrial-like hiPSC-CMs grown into engineered heart tissue (aEHT) can induce AF-remodeling. After differentiation of atrial-like cardiomyocytes from hiPSCs using retinoic acid, aEHTs were generated from ∼1 million atrial-like hiPSC-CMs per aEHT. AEHTs were transduced with lentivirus expressing channelrhodopsin-2 to enable optogenetic stimulation by blue light pulses. AEHTs underwent optical tachypacing at 5 Hz for 15 seconds twice a minute over 3 weeks and compared with transduced spontaneously beating isogenic aEHTs (1.95 ± 0.07 Hz). Force and action potential duration did not differ between spontaneously beating and tachypaced aEHTs. Action potentials in tachypaced aEHTs showed higher upstroke velocity (138 ± 15 vs. 87 ± 11 V/s, n = 15–13/3; P = 0.018), possibly corresponding to a tendency for more negative diastolic potentials (73.0 ± 1.8 vs. 68.0 ± 1.9 mV; P = 0.07). Tachypaced aEHTs exhibited a more irregular spontaneous beating pattern (beat-to-beat scatter: 0.07 ± 0.01 vs. 0.03 ± 0.004 seconds, n = 15–13/3; P = 0.008). Targeted expression analysis showed higher RNA levels of KCNJ12 [Kir2.2, inward rectifier (IK1); 69 ± 7 vs. 44 ± 4, P = 0.014] and NPPB (NT-proBNP; 39,690 ± 4834 vs. 23,671 ± 3691; P = 0.024). Intermittent tachypacing in aEHTs induces some electrical alterations found in AF and induces an arrhythmic spontaneous beating pattern, but does not affect resting force. Further studies using longer, continuous, or more aggressive stimulation may clarify the contribution of different rate patterns on the changes in aEHT mimicking the remodeling process from paroxysmal to persistent atrial fibrillation.
Knockdown of Long Noncoding RNA SNHG14 Protects H9c2 Cells Against Hypoxia-induced Injury by Modulating miR-25-3p/KLF4 Axis in Vitro
Authors: Lu Guoqing , Cheng Zhaoyun , Wang Sheng , Chen Xianjie , Zhu Xiliang , Ge Zhenwei , Wang Baocai , Sun Junjie , Hu Junlong , Xuan Jizhong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract:
Cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) is the main cause of death in infants worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been pointed to exert crucial roles in development of CHD. The current research is designed to illuminate the impact and potential mechanism of lncRNA SNHG14 in CCHD in vitro. The embryonic rat ventricular myocardial cells (H9c2 cells) were exposed to hypoxia to establish the model of CCHD in vitro. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to examine relative expressions of SNHG14, miR-25-3p, and KLF4. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured by an LDH assay kit. Apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) and KLF4 were detected by Western Blot. The targets of SNHG14 and miR-25-3p were verified by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. SNHG14 and KLF4 were upregulated, whereas miR-25-3p was downregulated in hypoxia-induced H9c2 cells and cardiac tissues of patients with CCHD compared with their controls. Knockdown of SNHG14 or overexpression of miR-25-3p facilitated cell viability, while depressing cell apoptosis and release of LDH in hypoxia-induced H9c2 cells. MiR-25-3p was a target of SNHG14 and inversely modulated by SNHG14. MiR-25-3p could directly target KLF4 and negatively regulate expression of KLF4. Repression of miR-25-3p or overexpression of KLF4 reversed the suppression impacts of sh-SNHG14 on cell apoptosis and release of LDH as well as the promotion impact of sh-SNHG14 on cell viability in hypoxia-induced H9c2 cells. Sh-SNHG14 protected H9c2 cells against hypoxia-induced injury by modulating miR-25-3p/KLF4 axis in vitro.
The Overlap Syndrome: A Case Report of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease After the Development of a Pseudomembrane
Authors: Hayashi Shunsuke , Shimizu Eisuke , Uchino Miki , Yazu Hiroyuki , Aketa Naohiko , Tsubota Kazuo , Ogawa Yoko 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the most severe complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It manifests as an impairment of the ocular surface, such as severe dry eye disease, and deteriorates the recipient's visual function and quality of life. We encountered an “overlap syndrome” of ocular GVHD, which is characterized by the presence of both acute and chronic GVHD symptoms. In this report, we present the treatment progress of the overlap syndrome in a case with ocular GVHD.

Case Presentation:
A 57-year-old man with acute myeloblastic leukemia underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Six weeks after the treatment, the recipient complained of eye pain and discharge. He was diagnosed with the overlap syndrome due to low tear volume, severe corneal epithelitis, hyperemia, and a pseudomembrane on the conjunctiva. Immune cells infiltration, fibrinoid degeneration, fibroblastic and spindle-shaped cells, and fibrosis were observed in the pathology of the pseudomembrane. The recipient was treated with topical immunosuppression and pseudomembrane removal. One week after the initial treatment, ocular GVHD improved. Twelve weeks after the treatment, the topical steroid was discontinued due to the elevation of intraocular pressure.

Conclusions:
The assessment of conjunctival pseudomembrane in ocular GVHD is important to determine the stage of the case and to assess systemic GVHD. Furthermore, prompt removal of the pseudomembrane after diagnosis is an appropriate management to reduce the symptoms of ocular GVHD. The combination of topical steroids and immunosuppressive agents is suggested to be an effective treatment in management of overlap syndrome.
Effect of eyedrops and applanation tonometry on optical biometry
Authors: Nayer Zacharia , Bhat Amar , Sohal Preet K. , Murdock Braedon , Watson Shelly H. , Belyea David A. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To determine whether eyedrops (phenylephrine, tropicamide, and fluorescein–proparacaine) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) have an effect on optical biometry measurements for preoperative cataract surgery workup.

Setting:
George Washington University, Washington, DC.

Design:
Nonrandomized controlled trial.

Methods:
Participants older than 18 years with no contraindications to eyedrops or tonometry were recruited. Optical biometry measurements were obtained on a single eye using the Lenstar LS900. One drop each of phenylephrine, tropicamide, and fluorescein–proparacaine was applied to the same eye, and measurements were repeated. GAT was performed, and measurements were repeated. For controls, the contralateral eye was also measured at each interval.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference in mean predicted postoperative refraction (PPOR) keratometry (K) 1, K2, or axis postdrops and post-GAT 62 eyes (n = 62). After drops were applied, mean central corneal thickness increased from 540 to 542 µm (P = .0002), mean anterior chamber depth (ACD) increased from 3.68 to 3.70 mm (P < .0001), and lens thickness (LT) decreased from 3.66 to 3.65 (P = .001). After GAT, ACD increased to 3.76 mm (P < .0001), and LT increased to 3.60 mm (P < .0001). There was no statistically significant difference in PPOR or other parameters for the control eyes (n = 5).

Conclusions:
GAT and phenylephrine, tropicamide, and fluorescein–proparacaine drops did not affect the primary outcome of PPOR. This suggests that cataract surgery candidates do not need to return for a separate preoperative visit for optical biometry.
Outcomes of corneal transplantation in Europe: report by the European Cornea and Cell Transplantation Registry
Authors: Dunker Suryan L. , Armitage W. John , Armitage Margareta , Brocato Lucia , Figueiredo Francisco C. , Heemskerk Martin B.A. , Hjortdal Jesper , Jones Gary L.A. , Konijn Cynthia , Nuijts Rudy M.M.A. , Lundström Mats , Dickman Mor M. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To analyze real-world graft survival and visual acuity outcomes of corneal transplantation in Europe.

Setting:
Corneal clinics in 10 European Union member states, the United Kingdom, and Switzerland.

Design:
Multinational registry study.

Methods:
All corneal transplant procedures registered in the European Cornea and Cell Transplantation Registry (ECCTR) were identified. Graft survival of primary corneal transplants were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves with log-rank test and Cox regression. Corrected distance visual acuities (CDVAs) are reported at baseline and 2 years postoperatively using the Lundström distribution matrix.

Results:
A total of 12 913 corneal transplants were identified. Overall, 32-year graft survival of corneal transplants was high (89%) but differed between indications, ranging from 98% in keratoconus and 80% for trauma. Overall, CDVA improved postoperatively, but the risk for losing vision ranged from 7% (baseline vision ≤0.1 Snellen) to 58% (baseline vision ≥1.0 Snellen).

Conclusions:
This report provides a comprehensive overview of graft survival and visual outcomes of corneal transplantation in Europe. In addition, it provides real-world estimates of outcomes for a variety of indications and surgical techniques to support benchmarking and demonstrates the relationship between baseline and postoperative vision.
Immediate dental implant placement and restoration in the edentulous mandible in head and neck cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: in ‘t Veld Matthijs , Schulten Engelbert A.J.M. , Leusink Frank K.J. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Oral rehabilitation with dental implants in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients is challenging. After tooth removal prior to radiotherapy, immediate placement of dental implants during panendoscopy or surgery is thought to reduce the oral rehabilitation time improving patients’ quality of life.

Recent findings
There is lack of consensus on the timing of dental implant placement and loading protocols. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature regarding the performance and survival rate of immediately inserted dental implants placed prior to radiotherapy. Of 1003 articles, 10 were finally included comparing immediate vs. delayed placement of implants and comparing the effect of radiotherapy on immediately placed implants. Meta-analysis demonstrated a slightly higher survival of immediately placed implants compared with postponed placed implants [risk ratio: 0.92, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.48–1.78, P = 0.81, I

2
= 0%]. The other meta-analysis comparing radiotherapy vs. nonradiotherapy showed a clearly better survival of immediately placed implants not having received radiotherapy (risk ratio: 5.02, 95% CI: 0.92–27.38, P = 0.10, I
2
= 56%).

Summary
Guidelines are recommended for immediate dental implant placement in the edentulous mandible in HNC patients prior to radiotherapy to allow homogeneity regarding the treatment protocols and thus comparison of treatment outcomes.
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Moreno-Mateo Fernando , Perea Sofía Hidalgo , Onel Karen Brandt 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
The aim of this article is to review recent findings regarding the diagnosis and treatment of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO).

Recent findings
An adequate understanding of pathophysiology along with the new advances in MRI imaging make it possible to determine the extent of disease and establish early treatment. TNF-α inhibitors and bisphosphonates have shown to be a well-tolerated and efficient treatment for CRMO providing both symptomatic relief and normalization of bone morphology.

Summary
The results of recent studies suggest that a better knowledge of the genetic and molecular factors will allow early diagnosis and the development of more effective individualized treatments in the future.
Epidemiologic trends and characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections among children in the United States
Authors: Rankin Danielle A. , Talj Rana , Howard Leigh M. , Halasa Natasha B. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
To review the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among children in the United States.

Recent findings
In the United States, the majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children have been mild illnesses, with those 5–17 years of age having the highest frequency. Specifically, the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in children is two times higher in adolescents (12–17 years) than younger school-aged children (5–11 years). Despite the higher case counts in older children, 10% of pediatric hospitalizations have been in infants less than one year. In addition, severe respiratory and renal complications, hospitalization, and even death have been documented in children.

Summary
Clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children range from asymptomatic to severe respiratory distress, with mild nonspecific symptoms being the most commonly reported. The broad clinical presentation and the frequency of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic infections in children pose challenges for controlling and detecting SARS-CoV-2. However, severe disease has been noted in children with associated medical complications and death. Thus, additional active surveillance and research is needed to understand the burden children contribute to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United States.
The Course of Physical Capacity in Wheelchair Users During Training for the HandbikeBattle and at 1-Yr Follow-up
Authors: Kouwijzer Ingrid , Valent Linda J.M. , Post Marcel W.M. , Wilders Lise M. , Grootoonk Anneke ,   HandbikeBattle Group, van der Woude Lucas H.V. , de Groot Sonja 
Published: December 2020

Objective
The aims of this study were (1) to compare physical capacity at 1-yr follow-up with physical capacity before and after the training period for the HandbikeBattle event and (2) to identify determinants of the course of physical capacity during follow-up.

Design
This was a prospective observational study. Former rehabilitation patients (N = 33) with health conditions such as spinal cord injury or amputation were included. A handcycling/arm crank graded exercise test was performed before (January, T1) and after the training period (June, T2) and at 1-yr follow-up (June, T4). Outcomes were peak power output (W) and peak oxygen uptake (L/min). Determinants were sex (male/female); age (years); classification; physical capacity, musculoskeletal pain, exercise stage of change, and exercise self-efficacy at T1; and HandbikeBattle participation at T4.

Results
Multilevel regression analyses showed that peak power output and peak oxygen uptake increased during the training period and did not significantly change during follow-up (T1: 112 ± 37 W, 1.70 ± 0.48 L/min; T2: 130 ± 40 W, 2.07 ± 0.59 L/min; T4: 126 ± 42 W, 2.00 ± 0.57 L/min). Participants who competed again in the HandbikeBattle showed slight improvement in physical capacity during follow-up, whereas participants who did not compete again showed a decrease.

Conclusion
Physical capacity showed an increase during the training period and remained stable after 1-yr follow-up. Being (repeatedly) committed to a challenge might facilitate long-term exercise maintenance.
Implementation of the Stroke Action Plan for Europe 2018--2030 during coronavirus disease-2019
Authors: Christensen Hanne , Pezzella Francesca Romana 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
To describe the background, principles and implementation of the Stroke Action Plan for Europe 2018--2030 (SAP-E) in the perspective of the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Recent findings
SAP-E sets targets for the implementation of evidence-based preventive actions and stroke services to 2030. A recent mapping of stroke care in Europe has documented massive inequalities and even in high-income European countries access to reperfusion therapy and mortality after ischaemic stroke varies significantly. Organized stroke care providing stroke unit care and access to reperfusion therapies reduces mortality and long-term disability. Stroke prevention and care are highly cost-effective. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged organized care, diverged attention from stroke and necessitated a novel approach to the implementation program because of the continued need for social distancing and reduced travelling. Consequently, meetings, training and engagement will be handled by online resources.

Summary
Stroke can be prevented and treated but there remain massive inequalities in Europe. SAP-E has set targets for development of stroke care. COVID-19 pandemic has led to further challenges for stroke care and implementation of the Action Plan will rely on online meetings and resources as it is yet unforeseeable when things will return to normal.

Video abstract

http://links.lww.com/CONR/A53.
Optic neuropathy and diplopia from thyroid eye disease: update on pathophysiology and treatment
Authors: Johnson Brooke T. , Jameyfield Evan , Aakalu Vinay K. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a disfiguring disease that can lead to neuro-ophthalmic manifestations including diplopia and optic neuropathy. The aim of this review is to shed light on the diagnosis of TED based on clinical examination findings and diagnostic imaging. We will also discuss gold standard as well as newly emerging therapies for TED.

Recent findings
We discussed diagnostic criteria for TED and differentiating TED from other causes of binocular diplopia. We also reviewed the pathophysiology and differential diagnoses for dysthyroid optic neuropathy as well as recent developments on controversial causes. New imaging techniques are available for evaluation and prognosis of TED comorbidities. Most of the recent developments in TED have been focused on new treatment modalities that have thus far had promising results. We reviewed recently approved and novel potential therapies that are helpful in treating both diplopia and dysthyroid optic neuropathy.

Summary
TED is a complicated disorder with many clinical manifestations as well as treatment modalities. Our aim of this review was to outline new developments in the diagnosis and management of TED.
Objective and graded calibration of recovery of consciousness in experimental models
Authors: Calderon Diany P. , Schiff Nicholas D. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Experimental preclinical models of recovery of consciousness (ROC) and anesthesia emergence are crucial for understanding the neuronal circuits restoring arousal during coma emergence. Such models can also potentially help to better understand how events during coma emergence facilitate or hinder recovery from brain injury. Here we provide an overview of current methods used to assess ROC/level of arousal in animal models. This exposes the need for objective approaches to calibrate arousal levels. We outline how correlation of measured behaviors and their reestablishment at multiple stages with cellular, local and broader neuronal networks, gives a fuller understanding of ROC.

Recent findings
Animals emerging from diverse coma-like states share a dynamic process of cortical and behavioral recovery that reveals distinct states consistently sequenced from low-to-high arousal level and trackable in nonhuman primates and rodents. Neuronal activity modulation of layer V-pyramidal neurons and neuronal aggregates within the brainstem and thalamic nuclei play critical roles at specific stages to promote restoration of a conscious state.

Summary
A comprehensive, graded calibration of cortical, physiological, and behavioral changes in animal models is undoubtedly needed to establish an integrative framework. This approach reveals the contribution of local and systemic neuronal circuits to the underlying mechanisms for recovering consciousness.