bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrolysis phenomena in electrophoresis
Authors: Novotný Tomáš , Gaš Bohuslav 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present a new theoretical approach for calculating changes in the physico‐chemical properties of BGEs for measurements by CZE due to the electrolysis in electrode vials (vessels). Electrolysis is an inevitable phenomenon in any measurement in CZE. Water electrolysis, which occurs in most measurements, can significantly alter the composition of the BGE in electrode vials and in the separation capillary and has a negative influence on the robustness and quality of separations. The ability to predict changes in the composition of the BGE is important for evaluation of the suitability of the BGEs for repeating electrophoretic runs. We compared theoretically calculated changes in the physico‐chemical properties (pH, conductivity) with those measured using pH‐microelectrode and contactless conductivity detection of the BGE after the electrophoretic run. We confirmed the validity of our theoretical approach with a common BGE composed of acid‐base pair, where one constituent is fully dissociated while the second constituent is dissociated by only half, and with Good's buffer. As predicted by theoretical approach, the changes in the physico‐chemical properties of the Good's buffer after the electrophoretic run were several times lower than in the case of a common BGE composed of a weak acid – strong base pair.
Design, modeling, prototyping, and comparison of a low‐cost, small‐size, and accurate sensorless driver for switched reluctance motor
Authors: Siadatan Alireza , Torkaman Hossein , Rafie Mehran 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA switched reluctance motor (SRM) is a low‐cost motor with a simple structure and variable speed industrial and home applications. This article presents the design, simulation, and development of a low‐cost, accurate, and small‐size sensorless driver for a 6/4 three‐phase SRM. In the algorithm, the (nonlinear) relation of the flux, current, and rotor (FCR) position is linearized to achieve a modified FCR model, in which the values of the most important points of the primary FCR are emphasized. The SRM parameters required for the design process are obtained using a 3D finite‐element method (FEM). The proposed method is simulated and then tested under different load and speed conditions. The results are compared with a conventional sensorless algorithm's results, and the reference data are obtained by a direct with‐sensor algorithm. The algorithm estimates the rotor position (error of 1.3%) between low to nominal speed of the selected SRM under both nominal and no‐load conditions. In comparison with the conventional algorithm, the proposed FCR model significantly reduces the calculation cost and memory demand by 66%. Finally, the proposed algorithm decreases the driver size and price by 64% and 85%, respectively.
Depressurizing boreholes for mitigating large deformation of the main entry
Authors: Wang Meng , Zheng Dongjie , Shen Wenlong , Wang Xiangyu , Li Wenfeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe main entries in longwall coal mine frequently encounter large deformation, depending on the stress environment. Depressurizing boreholes are applicable to reduce the large deformation; however, it is difficult to determine the proper parameters (diameter and spacing) for an effective implementation. This study aims to propose feasible design criteria for the quantification of those parameters. We first developed a rigorous numerical model, for a roadway in Zhangshuanglou coal mine, using the rock mechanical properties determined from extensive laboratory measurements and analyses. We then investigated the dependency of the stress transfer and roadway deformation on the ratio of borehole diameter and spacing (D/R and D/I). The symbols of D, R, and I represented the diameter, row spacing, and interspacing of the boreholes, respectively. We found that (a) D/R has to be between 1:6 and 1:2; and (b) D/I has to be between 1:6 and 1:4, for sufficient depressurization in the surrounding rocks. The optimized borehole diameter and spacing parameters were applied in the field where the deformation of roadway was significantly reduced. Finally, we proposed a criterion to determine those parameters of depressurization boreholes for application in other geological and mining conditions.
In Situ Reproductive Bioassay with Caged Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea): Part 2—Evaluating the Relevance of Using a Molt Cycle Temperature-Dependent Model as a Reference to Assess Toxicity in Freshwater Monitoring
Authors: Lopes Christelle , Chaumot Arnaud , Xuereb Benoit , Coulaud Romain , Jubeaux Guillaume , Quéau Hervé , François Adeline , Geffard Olivier 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Active biomonitoring approaches are now recognized as relevant for monitoring water contamination and toxicity. Nevertheless, due to the confounding influence of variable and uncontrolled environmental conditions such as temperature, biological markers measured on transplanted individuals to assess water quality are difficult to interpret. The purpose of the present study is to propose a methodology for adapting a laboratory test of chronic sublethal toxicity based on the molting cycle of Gammarus fossarum to in situ assays. To this end, we 1) adapted the molt cycle temperature-dependent model developed in Part 1 (Chaumot et al. 2020, this issue) to the fluctuating temperatures measured in the field; 2) assessed the predictive power of our approach as a “reference value” from gammarids caged in 9 nonimpacted sites at different seasons; and 3) tested the relevance of our tool to interpret in situ reproductive bioassays from 5 upstream/downstream studies and a large-scale deployment in 12 sites. Our approach based on modeling the progress of gammarid molting cycle as a function of temperature appeared to be a relevant and robust tool for interpreting in situ observations in different environmental contexts in time and space. By avoiding using a “reference” or upstream situation as a baseline from which water quality could be assessed, this approach provides a real added value to water quality diagnosis in biomonitoring programs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:678–691. © 2019 SETAC
Application of network security penetration technology in power internet of things security vulnerability detection
Authors: Chen Ze , Zuo Xiaojun , Dong Na , Hou Botao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe emergence of network penetration attacks makes network security problems more and more prominent. To better detect network penetration attacks, this article first proposes an attack detection method based on ant colony classification rules mining algorithm based on swarm intelligence theory. Classification rules perform pattern matching to detect attack behavior. Second, the quantitative problem in the evaluation mechanism of power internet security vulnerability is analyzed. The addition and deletion of power internet of things (IoT) security assessment elements introduces a probabilistic computing model, improves the vulnerability assessment mechanism of power object networks, and solves the problem of power object network security and quantitative computing. Finally, after performing a series of preprocessing on the dataset, using the above method to find the classification rule or classification center, respectively, perform pattern matching or similarity calculation, and finally obtain the attack detection result. A series of evaluation functions are established in the experiment, and the experimental results are compared with other related algorithms. The results show that the method can effectively detect network penetration attacks and IoT security vulnerabilities, and the effectiveness of attack detection methods is greatly improved.
Laparoscopic metroplasty for unicornuate uterus with a functional noncommunicating rudimentary horn
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Songping , Zhang Xuyin , Ding Yan , Hua Keqin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic metroplasty for the treatment of unicornuate uterus with a functional noncommunicating rudimentary horn.MethodsLaparoscopic metroplasty was performed in one patient using traditional laparoscopy and four patients using robot‐assisted laparoscopy from December 2013 to December 2017 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. The records of the five patients were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsIn all five patients the unicornuate uterus and functional noncommunicating rudimentary horn were unified into a single cavity without intraoperative or postoperative complications. Average operative time was 281 minutes (range, 204–330 minutes) and average blood loss was 180 mL (range, 100–300 mL). Postoperative hospital stay was 7 days (range, 5–11 days) and there was no re‐admission. All patients were relieved of pain and had regular menstruation after surgery. Average follow‐up time was 44 months (range, 22–70 months). One patient conceived by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer 2 years after the operation and delivered twins by cesarean at 33 weeks.ConclusionLaparoscopic metroplasty, with or without robotic assistance, is an acceptable alternative to resection for a noncommunicating rudimentary horn with a functional endometrium.
Breast cancer diagnosis based on a new improved Elman neural network optimized by meta‐heuristics
Authors: Zheng Lili , Wang Guoxiang , Zhang Fenglei , Zhao Qingxue , Dai Chunlai , Yousefi Nasser 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, a new optimized method for diagnosing and analyzing breast cancer from the mammography images is presented. In this regard, preprocessing is used to remove the Gaussian noises that are used to happen in the mammography images and also to remove the additional areas. Then, image segmentation is performed on the images to determine the areas where the contrast material is perceptible. Afterward, combined feature extraction based on a discrete wavelet transform and gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix is proposed for extracting the important information fromthe images. Finally, a new classification model based on an improved Elman neural network (ENN) has been proposed. The ENN is optimized by an improvedversion of the collective animal behavior algorithm. Simulation results areimplemented to the Mammographic Image Analysis Society database and the resultsare compared with three different methods.
Effects of subsurface pipe drainage on soil salinity in saline‐sodic soil under mulched drip irrigation
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Heng Tong , Li Wenhao , Zhang Jinzhu , Zhangzhong Lili 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of alkali‐saline soil is a major challenge to the sustainable development of agriculture. In this study, a subsurface pipe drainage experiment using different pipe spacing (10, 15, 20 and 25 m) was conducted to reduce soil salinity. The results indicated that the salt content of the 0–80 cm soil layer decreased from 35 to 15 g kg‾¹ after being treated with subsurface pipe drainage. In contrast, the control treatment of ditch drainage had a limited effect on decreasing the soil salinity, the salt content remaining at 25–35 g kg‾¹. In total, 2030 m3 water and 280 t salt were drained during the experiment. Of the subsurface drainage pipe treatments (i.e. spacing at 10, 15, 20 and 25 m) 365, 672, 514 and 479 m3 water were drained, respectively, as well as 66.4, 102, 59.2 and 52.3 t salt, respectively. In addition, the average drainage rate achieved by subsurface drainage pipes was 1.64 m3 h‾¹ and the salt leaching intensity was 46.3 t hm‾2. The optimal pipe spacing for reducing soil salinity was 15 m, with an effective desalination rate reaching 65.8%. At this spacing, the average drainage rate was 2.87 m3 h‾¹ and the salt leaching intensity was 150 t hm‾2. Moreover, the survival rate of cotton at 15 m spacing exceeded 60%. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicological study of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in zebrafish
Authors: Bai Changcun , Tang Meng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMetal and metal oxide nanoparticles have been widely used in catalytic, electronic and biomedical fields. It is necessary to investigate their toxicity and potential hazards to human and aquatic ecosystems. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), as a promising animal model, has been increasingly utilized to assess the toxicity of nanoparticles. Zebrafish has numerous characteristics for toxicity evaluation, such as short life cycle and high fecundity. This review describes the advantages of using zebrafish in the toxicity assessment of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Then we focus on the toxic effects, particularly the acute toxicity and the chronic ones, induced by nanoparticles in zebrafish. Target organ toxicities are also mentioned, including immunotoxicity, developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, cardiovascular toxicity and hepatotoxicity. The toxic effects of selected metal nanoparticles, including Au, Ag, Cu, and metal oxide nanoparticles such as TiO2, Al2O3, CuO, NiO and ZnO, as well as the underlying mechanisms of nanoparticles causing these effects, are also highlighted and described in detail. Furthermore, we introduce the general factors that affect nanoparticle‐induced toxicity in zebrafish. The drawbacks and advantages of using the zebrafish model in nanotoxicity studies are also argued. Finally, we suggest that the application of zebrafish to assess chronic toxicity of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and the joint toxicity of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and other pollutants could be hot topics in nanotoxicology.
Risk factors, changes in serum inflammatory factors, and clinical prevention and control measures for puerperal infection
Authors: Song Hongbi , Hu Keli , Du Xuyuan , Zhang Jiao , Zhao Shu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the risk factors and changes in serum inflammatory factors in puerperal infection, and propose clinical prevention measures.MethodsA total of 240 subjects with suspected puerperal infection treated in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were collected, among which puerperal infection was definitely diagnosed in 40 cases, and it was excluded in 40 cases. Levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) were compared between the two groups, and the change trends of IL‐6 and hs‐CRP were recorded.ResultsLevels of IL‐6, hs‐CRP, and TNF‐α in puerperal infection group were higher than those in non‐infection group (P < .05). Levels of IL‐6 and hs‐CRP at enrollment and 1‐3 days after enrollment in infection group were higher than those in non‐infection group (P < .05). The body mass index >25, placenta previa, placenta accreta, postpartum hemorrhage, premature rupture of membrane, gestational diabetes mellitus, and anemia during pregnancy were relevant and independent risk factors for puerperal infection. Puerperal infection occurred in uterine cavity, vagina, pelvic peritoneum, pelvic tissue, incision, urinary system, etc, and gram‐negative (G+) bacteria were dominated in pathogens.ConclusionThe inflammatory response of patients with puerperal infection is significantly enhanced.
The development of cephalic armor in the tokay gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Gekko gecko)
Authors: Laver Rebecca J. , Morales Cristian H. , Heinicke Matthew P. , Gamble Tony , Longoria Kristin , Bauer Aaron M. , Daza Juan D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractArmored skin resulting from the presence of bony dermal structures, osteoderms, is an exceptional phenotype in gekkotans (geckos and flap‐footed lizards) only known to occur in three genera: Geckolepis, Gekko, and Tarentola. The Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko LINNAEUS 1758) is among the best‐studied geckos due to its large size and wide range of occurrence, and although cranial dermal bone development has previously been investigated, details of osteoderm development along a size gradient remain less well‐known. Likewise, a comparative survey of additional species within the broader Gekko clade to determine the uniqueness of this trait has not yet been completed. Here, we studied a large sample of gekkotans (38 spp.), including 18 specimens of G. gecko, using X‐rays and high‐resolution computed tomography for visualizing and quantifying the dermal armor in situ. Results from this survey confirm the presence of osteoderms in a second species within this genus, Gekko reevesii GRAY 1831, which exhibits discordance in timing and pattern of osteoderm development when compared with its sister taxon, G. gecko. We discuss the developmental sequence of osteoderms in these two species and explore in detail the formation and functionality of these enigmatic dermal ossifications. Finally, we conducted a comparative analysis of endolymphatic sacs in a wide array of gekkotans to explore previous ideas regarding the role of osteoderms as calcium reservoirs. We found that G. gecko and other gecko species with osteoderms have highly enlarged endolymphatic sacs relative to their body size, when compared to species without osteoderms, which implies that these membranous structures might fulfill a major role of calcium storage even in species with osteoderms.
A novel framework for selecting general circulation models based on the spatial patterns of climate
Authors: Nashwan Mohamed Salem , Shahid Shamsuddin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGeneral circulation models (GCMs), used for climate change projections, should be able to simulate both the temporal variability and spatial patterns of the observed climate. However, the selection of GCMs in most previous studies was either based on temporal variability or mean spatial pattern of past climate. In this study, a framework is proposed for the selection of GCMs based on their ability to reproduce the spatial patterns for different climate variables. The Kling‐Gupta efficiency (KGE) was used to assess GCMs ability to simulate the annual spatial patterns of maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmx and Tmn, respectively) and rainfall depth. The mean and standard deviation of KGEs were used as performance indicators to present the GCMs' overall skill. Finally, the global performance indicator was used as a multi‐criteria decision‐making approach to integrate the results of different climate variables and seasons in order to rank the GCMs. Egypt was considered as a case study. The results revealed the better performance, in order, of the MRI‐CGCM3, followed by FGOALS‐g2, GFDL‐ESM2G, GFDL‐CM3 and lastly MPI‐ESM‐MR over Egypt. The final set of GCMs showed a similar spatial pattern for the projected change in temperature over Egypt. For different scenarios, Tmx was projected to increase in the range of 1.63–4.2°C while the increase in Tmn ranged between 1.28 and 4.43°C. A projected increase in temperature in winter is likely greater than in summer. The selected models also projected a 62% decrease in rainfall depth over the northern coastline where rain is currently most abundant while an increase in the dry southern zones. The rise in temperature and decrease in rainfall depth could have severe implications for a country with dwindling water resources.
In vitro evaluation of human myoblast function after exposure to cobalt and chromium ions
Authors: Laumonier Thomas , Ruffieux Etienne , Paccaud Joris , Kindler Vincent , Hannouche Didier 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe replacement of a native hip joint by a metal‐on‐metal prosthesis may induce deleterious inflammatory side effects that are associated with the release of wear particles and metal ions. These events are referred to the adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) and the adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR). While wear particles seem involved in ARMD, the role of metal ions in ALTR and their impact on myoblasts, located in the prosthesis vicinity, has not been fully identified. To clarify this issue we investigated, using an in vitro culture system, the effect of cobalt and/or chromium ions (Co2+ and/or Cr3+) on human myoblast proliferation, cellular differentiation, and inflammatory marker expression. Freshly isolated human myoblasts were cultured in media supplemented with graded concentrations of Co2+ and/or Cr3+. Co2+ induced a concentration‐dependent decrease of both myoblast viability and myogenic differentiation while Cr3+ did not. Co2+ or Co2+/Cr3+ also induced the upregulation of ICAM‐1, whereas HLA‐DR expression was unaffected. Moreover, allogenic monocytes induced the synergistic increase of Co2+‐induced ICAM‐1 expression. We also found that Co2+ stabilized HIF‐1α and increased TLR4, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) expression in a dose and time‐dependent manner in human myoblasts. This study showed that Co2+, but not Cr3+, was toxic toward myoblasts and induced, in the surviving cells, expression of inflammatory markers such as ICAM‐1, TLR4, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β. This suggests that Co2+, most efficiently in the presence of monocytes, may be a key inducer of ALTR, which may, if severe and long‐lasting, eventually result in prosthesis loosening.
Preparation and comparison of three zwitterionic stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography
Authors: Qiao Lizhen , Yu Chunmei , Sun Ruiting 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSurface‐bonded zwitterionic stationary phases have shown highlighted performances in separation of polar and hydrophilic compounds under hydrophilic interaction chromatography mode. So, it would be helpful to evaluate the characteristics of zwitterionic stationary phases with different arranged charged groups. The present work involved the preparation and comparison of three zwitterionic stationary phases. An imidazolium ionic liquid was designed and synthesized, and the cationic and anionic moieties respectively possessed positively charged imidazolium ring and negatively charged sulfonic groups. Then, the prepared ionic liquid, phosphorylcholine and an imidazolium‐based zwitterionic selector were bonded on the surface of silica to obtain three zwitterionic stationary phases. The selectivity properties were characterized and compared through the relative retention of selected solute pairs, and different kinds of hydrophilic solutes mixtures were used to evaluate the chromatographic performances. Moreover, the zwitterionic stationary phases were further characterized by the modified linear solvation energy relationship model to probe the multiple interactions. All the results indicated that the types and arrangement of charged groups in zwitterionic stationary phases mainly affect the retention and separation of ionic or ionizable compounds, and for interaction characteristics the contribution from n and π electrons and electrostatic interactions displayed certain differences.
Progressive Scalp Thinning Over Mesh Cranioplasty and the Role of Lipotransfer
Authors: Wang Weitao , Vincent Aurora , Bahrami Arash , Shokri Tom , Inman Jared , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the role of lipotransfer in progressive scalp thinning following titanium mesh cranioplasty.MethodsRetrospective review of single surgeon, single tertiary referral experience of all patients who underwent mesh cranioplasty. Patient demographics, prior radiotherapy, frequency and timing of scalp thinning, and treatment course data were obtained.ResultsA total of 144 patients were included, 77 male and 67 female with mean ages 58.2 and 54.8, respectively. One hundred four patients (72%) developed mesh exposure or impending exposure requiring reconstruction. Fifty‐six patients (54%) with scalp thinning were treated with lipotransfer, 40 of which were salvaged and the remainder of these patients definitively managed with cranioplasty and reconstruction. Prior radiotherapy was found to be associated with higher rates of mesh exposure (P = .0028), but not predictive of response to lipotransfer.ConclusionLipotransfer is a useful technique in managing moderate scalp thinning following mesh cranioplasty. Mesh exposure or severe thinning require definitive cranioplasty and reconstruction.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 130: 1926–1931, 2020