bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic performances of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio in acute ischemic stroke caused by cervicocranial arterial dissection
Authors: Yang Yi , Sun Guangbi , Diao Shanshan , Yang Le , Dong Wanli 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundInflammation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cervicocranial arterial dissection (CCAD). New inflammatory indices derived from full cell blood count may be associated with increased risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by CCAD. The goal of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performances of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) in CCAD.MethodWe retrospectively analyzed 52 patients with AIS caused by CCAD from emergency room (group I), 51 patients with CCAD from emergency room or clinic(group II) and 52 controls (group III), age and sex matched. Data were collected on the admission including NLR and LMR.ResultsNeutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and LMR have significant differences among three groups, especially in group I vs both groups II and III (P < .001). There was a negative correlation between admission NLR and LMR. Low LMR level and high NLR level may be associated with severity of AIS caused by CCAD and significantly predict AIS in CCAD. The area under the curve of NLR and LMR were 0.77 and 0.71, respectively, on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The optimal cutoff values of NLR and LMR that best discriminated AIS were 2.35 (81% sensitivity and 63% specificity) and 3.67 (64% sensitivity and 77% specificity).ConclusionsNeutrophil to lymphocyte ratio neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and LMR may contribute to the diagnostic evaluation and prompt immediate therapy in patients with CCAD.
Influence of etching mode and composite resin type on bond strength to dentin using universal adhesive system
Authors: Dačić Stefan , Miljković Milan , Mitić Aleksandar , Radenković Goran , Anđelković‐Apostolović Marija , Jovanović Milica 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdhesive bond strength at the composite/dentin interface is influenced by various factors, including the etching mode and composite resin type. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the total‐etch and self‐etch mode on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of conventional and bulk‐fill composite to dentin, using the universal adhesive system. Sixty non‐carious human teeth were sectioned parallel to their longitudinal axis, using a low‐speed diamond saw to obtain a flat dentin surface. According to the etching technique and composite resin type used, teeth were randomly divided into four different groups (n = 15): TC (total‐etch/conventional composite), TB (total‐etch/bulk‐fill composite), SC (self‐etch/conventional composite), and SB (self‐etch/bulk‐fill composite). Cylindric composite build‐ups were made with 3M Filtek Z250 and 3M Filtek Bulkfill Posterior, using a plastic mold, 4 mm in diameter and 4 mm in height. The specimens were subjected to the μTBS test in a universal testing machine and failure force was recorded. Failure modes were determined using stereoscopic and scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed using the two‐way ANOVA and Student's t test. The μTBS was significantly affected by the etching technique. A significant statistical difference was determined between total‐etch and self‐etch groups, irrespective of the composite resin type used. Higher bond strength was obtained in total‐etch groups. The μTBS was not affected by the composite resin type. No significant statistical difference was determined between the conventional and bulk‐fill groups, irrespective of the etching‐mode.
Pseudo‐four‐component synthesis and in silico studies of 5‐(5‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐substituted 5H‐chromeno[2,3‐b]pyridines
Authors: Ryzhkov Fedor V. , Elinson Michail N. , Ryzhkova Yuliya E. , Vereshchagin Anatoly N. , Korolev Victor A. , Egorov Mikhail P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMulticomponent reactions (MCRs) are important processes, in which more than three different reactants directly get converted into one new structure bearing most of the atoms of these reactants. It is a very powerful tool in drug discovery and combinational chemistry. A new pseudo‐four‐component synthetic approach to 5‐(5‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐substituted 5H‐chromeno[2,3‐b]pyridines with 68%–95% yields is reported. This MCR opens an efficient and convenient way to substituted 5H‐chromeno[2,3‐b]pyridines, which are promising compounds in medicinal chemistry and for the treatment of lung cancer through inhibition of aldo‐keto reductase 1B10. A new consensus approach of molecular docking and molecular dynamics was applied for the investigation of interaction of synthesized 5H‐chromeno[2,3‐b]pyridines and aldo‐keto reductase 1B10.
Could we predict the prognosis of the COVID‐19 disease?
Authors: Tahtasakal Ceren A. , Oncul Ahsen , Sevgi Dilek Yıldız , Celik Emine , Ocal Murat , Turkkan Hakkı M. , Bayraktar Banu , Oba Sibel , Dokmetas Ilyas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesCoronavirus 2019 disease (COVID‐19) lead to one of the pandemics of the last century. We aimed to predict poor prognosis among severe patients to lead early intervention.MethodsThe data of 534 hospitalized patients were assessed retrospectively. Risk factors and laboratory tests that might enable the prediction of prognosis defined as being transferred to the intensive care unit and/or exitus have been investigated.ResultsAt the admission, 398 of 534 patients (74.5%) were mild‐moderate ill. It was determined that the male gender, advanced age, and comorbidity were risk factors for severity. To estimate the severity of the disease, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the areas under the curve which were determined based on the optimal cut off values that were calculated for the variables of values of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR > 3.69), C‐reactive protein (CRP > 46 mg/L), troponin I ( > 5.3 ng/L), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH > 325 U/L), ferritin ( > 303 ug/L), d‐dimer ( > 574 μg/L), neutrophil NE ( > 4.99 × 109/L), lymphocyte (LE < 1.04 × 109/L), SO2 ( < %92) were 0.762, 0.757,0.742, 0.705, 0.698, 0.694,0.688, 0.678, and 0.66, respectively. To predict mortality, AUC of values for optimal cutoff troponin I ( > 7.4 ng/L), age ( > 62), SO2 ( < %89), urea ( > 40 mg/dL), procalcitonin ( > 0.21 ug/L), CKMB ( > 2.6 ng/L) were 0.715, 0.685, 0.644, 0.632, 0.627, and 0.617, respectively.ConclusionsThe clinical progress could be severe if the baseline values of NLR, CRP, troponin I, LDH, are above, and LE is below the specified cut‐off point. We found that the troponin I, elder age, and SO2 values could predict mortality.
COVID‐19 pathogenesis, prognostic factors, and treatment strategy: Urgent recommendations
Authors: Zhou Bin , Kojima Shinsuke , Kawamoto Atsuhiko , Fukushima Masanori 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe pandemic of novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is not yet close to being over, more than 8 months after the first cases, but researchers are making great progress in fighting the disease. We have conducted a brief review of the geographic differences in the prevalence of COVID‐19, the updated pathological findings, prognostic factors, and treatments for disease prevention and improvement of prognosis. Although hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab have been recommended by some researchers, many clinical trials have failed to confirm any beneficial effect of these and other drugs on COVID‐19, in terms of improved clinical status or reduced patient mortality. Currently, glucocorticoid is the only drug that reduces the mortality of COVID‐19 in a randomized controlled trial; however, it is still necessary to establish the optimal timing of administration. It is also urgent to set up an international or national cohort to address the risk factors associated with infection, the natural history of COVID‐19, including the disease type, surrogate markers for critically ill, long‐term sequelae, and reinfection after exposure, identify responders to glucocorticoid, and establish optimal treatment strategies for disease control.
Cropping diversity with rice influences soil aggregate formation and nutrient storage under different tillage systems
Authors: Jahangir Mohammad M. R. , Jahiruddin Muhammad , Akter Hasina , Pervin Rahana , Islam Khandakar Rafiq 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground: The soils under continuous rice monocropping are currently facing a serious threat of accelerated soil and environmental quality degradation.Aims: Examining the impact of tillage and cropping diversity on soil aggregate stability and associated nutrients in a sub‐tropical rice ecosystem.Methods: A split‐plot experiment with tillage (minimum, MT vs. conventional, CT) as a main plot and cropping diversity [mustard (Brassica napus)–rice (Oryza sativa)–rice (M–R–R), wheat (Triticum aestivum)–rice–rice (W–R–R), and lentil (Lens esculenta)–rice–rice (L–R–R)] as a sub‐plot was repeated for four years. Soil aggregate properties were measured using wet sieving techniques. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrients were measured in different aggregate size groups as well as in the bulk soil samples.Results: Results show that all the aggregate size groups were similar in both MT and CT, except in 0.85–0.30 mm. Likewise, cropping diversities increased soil aggregation, being higher aggregate size of < 0.053 mm in M–R–R relative to the W–R–R and L–R–R, where the latter two were alike. By contrast, > 2 mm aggregates were higher in L–R–R than in M–R–R and W–R–R, where the latter two were similar. The MT increased aggregate mean weight diameter (MWD) by 14% in W–R–R, and by 29% in L–R–R. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (TN), and available P were higher in MT than in CT, while it was alike for exchangeable K and available S. While W–R–R had a higher aggregate‐associated SOC, available P, and available S, L–R–R had a higher TN, and M–R–R had a higher exchangeable K. While SOC, TN, and exchangeable K accumulated more in the > 0.85 mm size aggregates, the available P, in contrast, accumulated more in < 0.85 mm size aggregates.Conclusion: Wheat–rice–rice diversity, coupled with minimum tillage, has a higher potential for soil fertility sustenance and crop productivity through better nutrient protection.
Efficient Resonance Management in Ultrahigh‐Q 1D Photonic Crystal Nanocavities Fabricated on 300 mm SOI CMOS Platform
Authors: Xie Weiqiang , Verheyen Peter , Pantouvaki Marianna , Van Campenhout Joris , Van Thourhout Dries 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhotonic crystal (PhC) nanocavities have demonstrated unique capabilities in terms of light confinement and manipulation. As such, they are becoming attractive for developing novel resonance‐based photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Here two essential challenges arise however—how to realize ultrahigh quality factor (Q) PhC cavities using standard fabrication processes compatible with large volume fabrication, and how to efficiently integrate them with existing building blocks. In this work, ultrahigh‐Q one‐dimensional (1D) PhC nanocavities fabricated on a 300 mm silicon‐on‐insulator wafer are demonstrated by optical lithography, with a record Q factor of up to 0.84 million. Moreover, efficient mode management in those cavities is shown by coupling them with an access waveguide, realizing two critical components: notch filters and narrow‐band reflectors. In particular, they allow both single‐wavelength and multi‐wavelength operation, at the desired resonant wavelengths, over a broad wavelength range (>100 nm). Compared to traditional cavities, this offers a fantastic strategy for implementing resonances precisely in PIC designs with more freedom in terms of wavelength selectivity and the control of mode number. Given their compatibility with optical lithography and compact footprint, the realized 1D PhC nanocavities will be of profound significance for designing compact and novel resonance‐based photonic components on large scale.
Self‐Cleaning Titanium Dioxide Metasurfaces with UV Irradiation
Authors: Wu Yunkai , Wang Yujie , Yang Wenhong , Song Qinghai , Chen Qinmiao , Qu Geyang , Han Jiecai , Xiao Shumin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe delicate nature of optical components requires very special handling and storage procedures to maximize their performance and lifetime. In the optical field, a long‐standing challenge is the cleaning of unavoidable contaminants during the daily use, especially for the coated elements and the biomedical diagnostic devices. Herein, the authors tackle this problem and experimentally demonstrate TiO2 based self‐cleaning optical meta‐devices with the illuminating of UV light. By arranging TiO2 nanopillars into different patterns, high‐efficiency TiO2 meta‐devices have been realized for the visible spectrum, for example, color nano‐printings, metalenses, and meta‐holograms. The TiO2 meta‐devices become hydrophilic and photoactive under UV irradiation. Consequently, the contaminants, such as, stearic acid or fingerprints have been completely cleaned. Owing to the stability of TiO2, the self‐cleaning effect and the internal nanostructures of meta‐devices are well preserved for many rounds of contamination. This research shall bring new opportunities to TiO2 metasurfaces for extreme applications.
Study on comprehensive degradation stability of special and nonspecific motor oils
Authors: Wei Lei , Chen Song , Sun Xianming , Jin Yongliang , Jia Dan , Li Jian , Duan Haitao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn order to study the degradation characteristics of special and nonspecific motor oil, two experimental vehicles carried out eight road tests with four types of oils, which two types of oils were special oils for its engines recommended by OEM (original equipment manufacturer) and the other two types of nonspecific oil were bought from market. Total acid number, oxidation stability, oxidation, nitration and sulfation values of experimental oils were analysed. The interpolation method and Euclidean distance were used to evaluate the similarity of change curves of oil properties. The results show that the oxidation onset temperature had good similarity both in special oils and nonspecific oils. The sulfation value of nonspecific oils had highest change rate of Euclidean distance. The change rate of Euclidean distance of two special oils were less than 8.48%, which had more stability than that of the nonspecific oils. This work can serve as a reference for end users to select motor oils and oil developers to improve the oil stability.
The deactivation of acidic sites of NiMo/B2O3–Al2O3 catalysts during vegetable oil hydrodeoxygenation studied by EPR spectroscopy
Authors: Yurpalov Vyacheslav L. , Neponiashchii Aleksandr A. , Drozdov Vladimir A. , Antonicheva Nina V. , Buluchevskiy Evgeniy A. , Lavrenov Aleksandr V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the study results of NiMo/B2O3–Al2O3 (0–30% wt. of B2O3) catalysts for vegetable oil hydrodeoxygenation before and after catalytic tests by different electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methodologies. For the initial catalysts, the concentration of Brønsted acidic sites (BAS) determined by probe EPR with perylene increases linearly with an increase in the modifier (B2O3) content in the samples. It was found that the isomerization activity of the catalysts increases with increasing the concentration of determined BAS. As for the spent catalysts, linear correlation of paramagnetic species concentration with the content of carbon deposits (determined by thermogravimetric analysis [TGA]/differential thermal analysis [DTA]) was found. The main reasons for the NiMo/B2O3–Al2O3 catalysts deactivation over the formation of carbon deposits related to the participation of acidic sites (both Lewis and Brønsted) in the polycondensation of hydrocarbons via radical species are also proposed.
Age and gender dependence of liver diffusion parameters and the possibility that intravoxel incoherent motion modeling of the perfusion component is constrained by the diffusion component
Authors: Huang Hua , Zheng Cun‐Jing , Wang Li‐Fei , Che‐Nordin Nazmi , Wáng Yì Xiáng J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to establish reference values for middle‐aged subjects and to investigate the age and gender dependence of liver diffusion MRI parameters. The IVIM type of liver diffusion scan was based on a single‐shot spin‐echo–type echo‐planar sequence using a 1.5 T magnet with 16 b‐values. Diffusion‐derived vessel density (DDVD)(b0b2) or DDVD(b0b10) was the signal difference between b = 0 and b = 2 (or b = 10) s/mm2 images after removing visible vessels. IVIM analysis was performed with full fitting and segmented fitting, and with a threshold b‐value of 60 or 200 s/mm2, and fitting started from b = 2 s/mm2. Thirty‐one men (age range: 25‐71 years) and 26 men (age: 22‐69 years) had DDVD and IVIM analysis, respectively, while 37 women (age: 20‐71 years) and 36 women (age: 20‐71 years) had DDVD and IVIM analysis, respectively. DDVD results showed a significant age‐related reduction for women. IVIM results for full fitting showed excellent agreement with those for segmented fitting using a threshold b of 60 s/mm2, but this was less good for results with a threshold b of 200 s/mm2. As age increased, female subjects' Dslow measure showed a significant reduction, while their PF and Dfast measures showed a significant increase. For the age group of 40‐55 years, DDVD(b0b2), DDVD(b0b10), Dslow, PF and Dfast were 12.26 ± 3.90 au/pixel, 16.95 ± 5.45 au/pixel, 1.072 ± 0.067 (10−3 mm2/s), 0.141 ± 0.025 and 61.0 ± 14.0 (10−3 mm2/s) for men, and 13.35 ± 3.6 au/pixel, 17.20 ± 3.62 au/pixel, 1.069 ± 0.074 (10−3 mm2/s), 0.119 ± 0.014 and 57.1 ± 13.2 (10−3 mm2/s) for women, respectively. DDVD measure of this study suggest that aging is associated with a reduction in liver perfusion. There is a possibility that a lower Dslow measure is associated with artificially higher PF and Dfast measures, and that IVIM modeling of the perfusion component is constrained by the diffusion component.
Association Between Low Zinc Levels and Severity of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by New Coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Gonçalves Thiago Jose Martins , Gonçalves Sandra Elisa Adami Batista , Guarnieri Andreia , Risegato Rodrigo Cristovão , Guimarães Maysa Penteado , de Freitas Daniella Cabral , Razuk‐Filho Alvaro , Junior Pedro Batista Benedito , Parrillo Eduardo Fagundes 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe verify the prevalence of low zinc levels among critically ill patients infected by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in the intensive care unit (ICU) who required invasive mechanical ventilation, as well as its association with severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).MethodsThis is an observational study composed of patients admitted to the ICU. Demographics, anthropometric data for calculating body mass index (BMI), and laboratory data were obtained at admission: blood count, ferritin, arterial blood gas, serum zinc levels, and C‐reactive protein. Also, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) divided by fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) was calculated by the first arterial blood gas after intubation. A diagnosis of severe ARDS was determined if the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was ≤100 mm Hg. Low zinc levels were established if zinc levels were <70 μg/dL.ResultsA total of 269 patients met inclusion criteria; 51.3% were men; median age was 74 (66–81) years; 91.1% (245 of 269) were elderly. The median BMI was 30.1 (24.7–32.1) kg/m2, with 59.9% (161 of 269) of patients having overweight and obesity. The prevalence of low zinc levels was 79.6% (214 of 269) and severe ARDS was 56.5% (152 of 269). There was an association of low zinc levels and severe ARDS (odds ratio [OR], 14.4; 95% CI, 6.2–33.5; P < .001), even after adjusting for baseline variables (OR, 15.4; 95% CI, 6.5–36.3; P < .001).ConclusionCritically ill patients infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 with severe ARDS have a high prevalence of low serum zinc levels.
A level set model for stress‐dependent corrosion pit propagation
Authors: Dekker Richard , van der Meer Frans P. , Maljaars Johan , Sluys Lambertus J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA numerical model for corrosion pit propagation under mechanical loading is presented. The level set method is used for corrosion front tracking and also enables the domain to be split into a solid and a pit domain. In the pit the diffusion of atoms originating from the dissolution process occurring at the pit front is simulated. The model is capable of automatically capturing lacy cover formation due to the inclusion of activation control, diffusion control, and passivation. In the solid static equilibrium is solved to obtain strains and stresses. A parameter, dependent on the signs of the plastic strain increment and the back stress, is introduced to define the influence of plasticity on the corrosion rate. The model is used to study pit growth under electrochemical and mechanical loading. Under activation control combined with an elastic material response, pits propagate faster under constant loading than under cyclic loading. When plastic deformation occurs, cyclic loading can significantly increase the pit growth rate. Increasing the cyclic load frequency results in faster propagation due to kinematic hardening. Under diffusion control, mechanical loading does not influence the pit growth rate, given that the salt layer leading to diffusion control remains intact.
Quality indicators in telephone nursing – An integrative review
Authors: Rysst Gustafsson Silje , Eriksson Irene 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify factors that indicate quality in telephone nursing.DesignAn integrative literature review.MethodA literature search was performed in October 2018, in the PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Academic Search, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science databases. A total of 30 included were included and data that corresponded to the study's aim were extracted and categorized along the three areas of quality as described by Donabedian (Milbank Quarterly, 83, 691), namely structure, process and outcome.ResultsThe analysis revealed ten factors indicating quality in telephone nursing (TN): availability and simplicity of the service, sustainable working conditions, specialist education and TN experience, healthcare resources and organization, good communication, person‐centredness, competence, correct and safe care, efficiency and satisfaction. TN services need to target all ten factors to ensure that the care given is of high quality and able to meet today's requirements for the service.