bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stellenwert der Telemedizin in Pandemiezeiten
Authors: Keuthage Winfried 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19-Pandemie hat die Arbeit in unserer Schwerpunktpraxis für Diabetes und Ernährungsmedizin verändert. In Zeiten des Lockdowns im Frühjahr dieses Jahres war die Durchführung von Videosprechstunden für Mitarbeiter und Patienten eine wichtige Option. Parallel zu den Lockerungen im Laufe der Sommermonate nahm das Interesse an Videosprechstunden wieder ab. Die Durchführung von DMP-Gruppenschulungen bleibt durch die mangelnde Akzeptanz in vielen KV-Bezirken sowie durch technische Hemmnisse erschwert. Doch gerade in der Ernährungsmedizin ergeben sich aktuell Möglichkeiten durch den Einsatz von Videokonferenzsystemen bei Einzel- wie in Gruppenschulungen. Auch bei Teamsitzungen und Fortbildungen sind Videokonferenzsysteme sehr hilfreich und werden voraussichtlich auch nach Ende der Pandemie bedeutsam bleiben. Zusätzliche Dynamik wird die Telemedizin in der Ernährungsmedizin durch die Einführung von digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) in diesem Jahr erhalten.
Digital Ophthalmology in the UK – Diabetic Retinopathy Screening and Virtual Glaucoma Clinics in the National Health Service
Authors: Heimann Heinrich , Broadbent Deborah , Cheeseman Robert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe customary doctor and patient interactions are currently undergoing significant changes through technological advances in imaging and data processing and the need for reducing person-to person contacts during the COVID-19 crisis. There is a trend away from face-to-face examinations to virtual assessments and decision making. Ophthalmology is particularly amenable to such changes, as a high proportion of clinical decisions are based on routine tests and imaging results, which can be assessed remotely. The uptake of digital ophthalmology varies significantly between countries. Due to financial constraints within the National Health Service, specialized ophthalmology units in the UK have been early adopters of digital technology. For more than a decade, patients have been managed remotely in the diabetic retinopathy screening service and virtual glaucoma clinics. We describe the day-to-day running of such services and the doctor and patient experiences with digital
ophthalmology in daily practice.
Synthesis of Nitrogen- and Oxygen-Containing Heterocycles by Prins Cyclization in Continuous Flow
Authors: Talavera-Alemán Armando , Dagousset Guillaume , Thomassigny Christine , Marrot Jérome 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAza-silyl-Prins and oxa-Prins cyclization reactions in continuous-flow chemistry are described for the synthesis of the corresponding tetrahydropyridines and pyran derivatives, respectively. In particular, the use of pyridine-carboxaldehydes for aza-silyl-Prins reaction led to either a symmetrical triarylmethane or two new bicyclic compounds. 4-Fluorinated-2-substituted tetrahydropyran derivatives were also obtained in the oxa-Prins cyclization with good selectivity in favor of the anti-isomer.
Epidemiological Investigation on the Current Practice of Umbilical Cord Clamping in China
Authors: Zhu Juanjuan , Xie Yujie , Wang Bei , Wang Yiwen , Akinbi Henry , Xie Lijuan 
Published: December 2020

Objective Despite known benefits, the timing of and method used for umbilical cord clamping (UCC) in neonates remain controversial in China, as well as internationally. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practice of UCC amongst health care providers in China, as recommended by medical professional organizations.
Study Design A web-based questionnaire on cord clamping practices was administered to midwives, obstetricians, and neonatologists in 126 hospitals from 16 provinces. The provinces were selected from seven different regions of China.
Results A total of 5,005 (60.5% of eligible respondents) health care providers returned completed questionnaires. The awareness rates for immediate cord clamping (ICC) and delayed cord clamping (DCC) were over 85%, but the implementation rate for DCC was relatively low (ICC 58.3% vs. DCC 41.6%). Most neonates were placed below the introitus (92.8%) during cord clamping and this correlated with the route of delivery. The choice of UCC was impelled by different factors. Benefits for neonates influenced the choice of ICC (50%) and promoting a larger blood volume to stabilize systemic circulation influenced the choice of DCC (92.3%). Majority (91.5%) of respondents acquiesced that it was necessary to develop national clinical guidelines for UCC.
Conclusion The majority of obstetricians, neonatologists, and midwives who participated in this study had a positive perception of DCC. However, this did not translate to daily practice. The practice of UCC is variable and there are no standard guidelines.
Key Points
Timing of Antenatal Steroid Administration and Effects on the Newborn Infant: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Taleghani Afshin A. , Bhriguvanshi Arpita , Kamath-Rayne Beena D. , Liu Chunyan , Narendran Vivek 
Published: December 2020

Objective The timing of antenatal steroids (ANS) on short- and long-term effects on newborn infants was evaluated.
Study Design This study was conducted at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center Level-III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit by reviewing the medical records of all women with history of ANS exposure from January 2015 to December 2018. We compared outcomes of newborns delivered within the ideal therapeutic window of 24 hours to 7 days (within window [WW]) after administration to those exposed and delivered outside the therapeutic window (outside window primary group [OWP]). Outcomes included anthropometrics, blood sugars, thyroid hormone profile, and neonatal morbidities.
Results A total of 669 patients were identified as having received at least two doses of ANS. Two-thirds of them delivered within the ideal therapeutic window. Significant differences were found in anthroprometrics including lower birth weight, shorter length, and smaller head circumferences in those born within the window compared with those outside the window. Derangements in glucose homeostasis requiring treatment and elevations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were seen in infants born outside the ideal therapeutic window compared with those born within the therapeutic window. No differences were found in neonatal morbidities including severe intraventricular hemorrhage (sIVH), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), need for resuscitation, exogenous surfactant administration, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), mechanical ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). After controlling for selected covariates, only birth length was different between the groups.
Conclusion Effects on anthropometrics, glucose homeostasis, and thyroid function support the need to develop new or refine existing risk stratification systems to time the administration of antenatal steroids. Better targeting of women and fetuses may confer the benefits of systemic corticosteroids while mitigating the risks of adverse effects.
Key Points
The transformative power of values-enacted scholarship
Authors: Agate Nicky , Kennison Rebecca , Konkiel Stacy , Long Christopher P. , Rhody Jason , Sacchi Simone , Weber Penelope 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe current mechanisms by which scholars and their work are evaluated across higher education are unsustainable and, we argue, increasingly corrosive. Relying on a limited set of proxy measures, current systems of evaluation fail to recognize and reward the many dependencies upon which a healthy scholarly ecosystem relies. Drawing on the work of the HuMetricsHSS Initiative, this essay argues that by aligning values with practices, recognizing the vital processes that enrich the work produced, and grounding our indicators of quality in the degree to which we in the academy live up to the values for which we advocate, a values-enacted approach to research production and evaluation has the capacity to reshape the culture of higher education.
Communication hubs of an asocial cat are the source of a human–carnivore conflict and key to its solution
Authors: Melzheimer Joerg , Heinrich Sonja K. , Wasiolka Bernd , Mueller Rebekka , Thalwitzer Susanne , Palmegiani Ivan , Weigold Annika , Portas Ruben , Roeder Ralf , Krofel Miha , Hofer Heribert , Wachter Bettina 
Published: December 2020

Significance
The cheetah is a prominent example for human–carnivore conflicts and mitigation challenges. Its global population suffered a substantial decline throughout its range. Here, we present an in-depth and new understanding of the socio-spatial organization of the cheetah. We show that cheetahs maintain a network of communication hubs distributed in a regular pattern across the landscape, not contiguous with each other and separated by a surrounding matrix. Cheetahs spend a substantial amount of their time in these hubs, resulting in high local cheetah activity, which represents a high local predation risk for livestock. Implementing this knowledge, farmers were able to reduce livestock losses by 86%.
Stable maintenance of multiple representational formats in human visual short-term memory
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhang Hui , Yu Tao , Ni Duanyu , Ren Liankun , Yang Qinhao , Lu Baoqing , Wang Di , Heinen Rebekka , Axmacher Nikolai , Xue Gui 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Visual short-term memory (VSTM) is the ability to actively maintain visual information for a short period of time. Classical models posit that VSTM is achieved via persistent firing of neurons in prefrontal cortex. Leveraging the unique spatiotemporal resolution of intracranial EEG recordings and analytical power of deep neural network models in uncovering the neural code of visual processing, our results suggest that visual information is first dynamically extracted in multiple representational formats, including higher-order visual format and abstract semantic format. Both formats are stably maintained across an extended period via coupling to phases of hippocampal low-frequency activity. These results suggest human VSTM is highly dynamic and involves rich and multifaceted representations, which contribute to a mechanistic understanding of VSTM.
The V2 loop of HIV gp120 delivers costimulatory signals to CD4+T cells through Integrin α4β7and promotes cellular activation and infection
Authors: Goes Livia R. , Sajani Alia , Sivro Aida , Olowojesiku Ronke , Ray Jocelyn C. , Perrone Ian , Yolitz Jason , Girard Alexandre , Leyre Louise , Wibmer Constantinos Kurt , Morris Lynn , Gorini Giacomo , Franchini Genoveffa , Mason Rosemarie D. , Roederer Mario , Mehandru Saurabh , Soares Marcelo A. , Cicala Claudia , Fauci Anthony S. , Arthos James 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceUnderstanding the early events in HIV transmission will aid in the development of an efficacious HIV vaccine. Productive infection requires that virions access metabolically activated CD4+T cells. These cells are, in general, limited in number, which contributes to inefficient viral transmission. This report describes a mechanism whereby the HIV gp120 envelope protein can deliver activating signals to CD4+T cells. This activity may increase both productive infection in mucosal tissues around the time of transmission and the formation of viral reservoirs. gp120 mediates activating signals by binding to integrin α4β7. Antibodies specific to the V2 domain of gp120 block this interaction and may contribute to the efficacy of an HIV vaccine.
A Middle Eocene lowland humid subtropical “Shangri-La” ecosystem in central Tibet
Authors: Su Tao , Spicer Robert A. , Wu Fei-Xiang , Farnsworth Alexander , Huang Jian , Del Rio Cédric , Deng Tao , Ding Lin , Deng Wei-Yu-Dong , Huang Yong-Jiang , Hughes Alice , Jia Lin-Bo , Jin Jian-Hua , Li Shu-Feng , Liang Shui-Qing , Liu Jia , Liu Xiao-Yan , Sherlock Sarah , Spicer Teresa , Srivastava Gaurav , Tang He , Valdes Paul , Wang Teng-Xiang , Widdowson Mike , Wu Meng-Xiao , Xing Yao-Wu , Xu Cong-Li , Yang Jian , Zhang Cong , Zhang Shi-Tao , Zhang Xin-Wen , Zhao Fan , Zhou Zhe-Kun 
Published: December 2020

Significance
The ancient topography of the Tibetan Plateau and its role in biotic evolution are still poorly understood, mostly due to a lack of fossil evidence. Our discovery of ∼47-Mya plant fossils from a present elevation of 4,850 m in central Tibet, diminishes, significantly, that lack of knowledge. The fossils represent a humid subtropical vegetation and some of the 70 different plant forms show affinity to Early-Middle Eocene floras in both North America and Europe. Using leaf architecture, we calculate that the forest grew at ∼1,500-m elevation within an east–west trending valley under a monsoonal climate. Our findings highlight the complexity of Tibet’s ancient landscape and emphasize the importance of Tibet in the history of global biodiversity.
Dissociating antibacterial from ototoxic effects of gentamicin C-subtypes
Authors: O’Sullivan Mary E. , Song Yohan , Greenhouse Robert , Lin Randy , Perez Adela , Atkinson Patrick J. , MacDonald Jacob P. , Siddiqui Zehra , Lagasca Dennis , Comstock Kate , Huth Markus E. , Cheng Alan G. , Ricci Anthony J. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Gentamicin is a potent aminoglycoside antibiotic with significant ototoxic side-effects. Although it is administered as a mixture of five main C-subtypes and <10% impurities, the significance of mixture is unclear, partly because of the difficulty in chemically separating the individual components. We established methods purifying gentamicin C-subtypes, and found C2b to be the least and sisomicin the most ototoxic, with both antimicrobial comparable to the gentamicin mixture. Ototoxicity varies among C-subtypes and impurities and highly correlates with their affinity for cochlear hair cell mechanotransducer channels, representing a mechanism to alleviate aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Finally, reconstituted mixtures consisting of only C-subtypes remained antimicrobial but were less ototoxic. Our study reveals structure–activity relationships that dissociate ototoxicity from antimicrobial actions of aminoglycosides.
TCRα reporter mice reveal contribution of dual TCRα expression to T cell repertoire and function
Authors: Yang Letitia , Jama Burhan , Wang Huawei , Labarta-Bajo Lara , Zúñiga Elina I. , Morris Gerald P. 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceThis study utilizes novel transgenic reporter mice to definitively evaluate T cells coexpressing two T cell antigen receptors. These experiments demonstrate that T lymphocytes naturally coexpressing two different antigen receptors are significantly more abundant than previous estimates and that these cells have a previously unappreciated role in physiologic immune responses.
Reconstructing orogens without biostratigraphy: The Saharides and continental growth during the final assembly of Gondwana-Land
Authors: Şengör A. M. Celâl , Lom Nalan , Zabcı Cengiz , Sunal Gürsel , Öner Tayfun 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceA method without biostratigraphy is employed to delineate a hitherto unknown, major orogenic system of Neoproterozoic age in North Africa and Arabia in which some 5 million km2of juvenile continental crust may have been generated in some 400 Ma, i.e., 0.44 km3/a assuming a minimum thickness of 35 km for the generated crust, thus slightly less than the 1/3 of the annual average crustal growth rate globally and similar to the crustal growth rate in the Altaids of Asia between 600 and 140 Ma, supporting the idea that the formation of the continental crust has been continuous throughout earth history, albeit with fluctuating intensity. Our method can be applied to reconstruct other complex Precambrian orogenic systems.
Fluid interfaces with very sharp tips in viscous flow
Authors: Courrech du Pont Sylvain , Eggers Jens 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Turn a shampoo bottle upside down, and the rising bubble develops a very sharp tip at its rear. Similar conical structures have been observed placing a drop in an electrical field. Owing to the significance of such structures in chemical processing or in geophysics, they have been studied for almost a century. Here we present a consistent analysis of the shape near the tip in flow. We show that the size of the tip always remains finite, but decreases so rapidly in size with the flow strength that it may be considered zero for practical purposes.
Political discourse analysis in operation
Authors: Liu Nancy Xiuzhi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
After implementing of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) for four years, the Chinese government convened the BRI Summits
in Beijing in 2017 and 2019, respectively. This article will address the questions of how the summits were covered in translated news by
using empirical data from news published on the Reference News, a state-owned newspaper that publishes translated news, in
comparison to news carried in People’s Daily, an authoritative national newspaper in China. Situated in the framework of
political discourse analysis (PDA) within critical discourse analysis (CDA) and using the method of qualitative thematic analysis, the study
shows that translated news is a platform where contentious ideologies are at play and where dominant ones leave little room for the
confrontational. In this process, translators are submissive actors whose work is navigated by the agenda set by the authorities in either
legitimizing or representing frames in mainstream media.
Creaming off commodity profits: Europe’s re-export boom and Africa’s earnings crisis in the coffee and cocoa sectors
Authors: Elsby Angus 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY
This briefing uses historical export data and a combination of institutional sources to track how mark-ups on African coffee and cocoa exports have changed relative to European coffee and cocoa re-exports in recent decades. It finds that African coffee is now re-exported from Europe at an average mark-up of over 300%, compared to just over 50% in the 1970s and 1980s. These trends have prompted a crisis for producers, and reflect the growth, expansion and extended control over production of European agribusiness, which European governments have encouraged through the implementation of competition, corporate tax and regulatory policies favourable to agribusiness, in addition to the suppression of national and international initiatives to manage global supply.
First-principles electronic structure, phonon properties, lattice thermal conductivity and prediction of figure of merit of FeVSb half-Heusler
Authors: Shastri Shivprasad S , Pandey Sudhir K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work, we have studied the electronic structure of a promising thermoelectric half-Heusler FeVSb using FP-LAPW method and SCAN meta-GGA including spin–orbit coupling. Using the obtained electronic structure and transport calculations we try to address the experimental Seebeck coefficient S of FeVSb samples. The good agreement between the experimental and calculated S suggests the band gap could be ∼0.7 eV. This is supported by the obtained mBJ band gap of ∼0.7 eV. Further, we study and report the phonon dispersion, density of states and thermodynamic properties. The effect of long range Coulomb interactions on phonon frequencies are also included by nonanalytical term correction. Under quasi-harmonic approximation, the thermal expansion behaviour up to 1200 K is calculated. Using the first-principles anharmonic phonon calculations, the lattice thermal conductivity κ
ph of FeVSb is obtained under single-mode relaxation time approximation considering the phonon-phonon interaction. At 300 K, the calculated κ
ph is ∼18.6 W m−1 K−1 which is higher compared to experimental value. But, above 500 K the calculated κ
ph is in good agreement with experiment. A prediction of figure of merit ZT and efficiency for p-type and n-type FeVSb is made by finding out optimal carrier concentration. At 1200 K, a maximum ZT of ∼0.66 and ∼0.44 is expected for p-type and n-type FeVSb, respectively. For p-type and n-type materials, maximum efficiency of ∼12.2% and ∼6.0% are estimated for hot and cold temperature of 1200 K and 300 K, respectively. A possibility of achieving n-type and p-type FeVSb by elemental doping/vacancy is also discussed. Our study is expected to help in further exploring the thermoelectric material FeVSb.
A wearable contact lens sensor for noninvasive in-situ monitoring of intraocular pressure
Authors: Fan Yanyan , Tu Hailing , Zhao Hongbin , Wei Feng , Yang Yi , Ren Tianling 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a primary indicator of glaucoma which can be measured for the treatment of the disease. This paper presents a piezo-resistive principle pressure sensor to monitor IOP continuously and non-invasively. The sensor is designed based on the Wheatstone bridge circuit and fabricated by the spray-coating method. The hybrid nanomaterials of graphene and carbon nanotubes are introduced as sensing layers which are embedded inside the soft contact lens substrate composed of flexible polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) and parylene. The sensing performance is discussed followed by a brief description of our sensor design and fabrication. Tests on a PDMS eyeball model indicate that it has a high sensitivity of 36.01 μV mmHg−1. Also, the frequency response and the ability to track dynamic pressure change cycles are demonstrated in normal IOP variation range from 9 to 34 mmHg. It shows good repeatability and linearity, and can accurately track fluctuating IOP. Thus, this sensor, with its ease of fabrication and simple design, as well as allowance for continuous pressure measurement, offers a promising approach for IOP monitoring in clinical diagnosis of glaucoma.
Electron acceleration and electromagnetic emission in the field of intersecting Gaussian pulses
Authors: Borovskiy A V , Galkin A L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Numerical simulations of the acceleration of an electron by a pair of phased intersecting Gaussian laser beams and of the electromagnetic emissions by the electrons are carried out. The study is based on solving equations of the relativistic electron dynamic with the corresponding Lorentz force. The electron emissions are calculated with the help of the Lienard–Wiechert potentials, taking into account the retardation of the propagating fields. Differences between the electron acceleration and emissions in intersecting laser beams and in a single Gaussian beam are examined. It is shown that the integral emission energy is maximal for the symmetric trajectory and that the acceleration and emission are competing processes.
Multiscale characteristics of pool boiling in vacuum
Authors: Serdyukov V , Malakhov I , Surtaev A , Pavlenko A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper the results of comprehensive study on the multiscale characteristics and heat transfer rate during water boiling in the pressure range from 8.8 to 103 kPa are presented. The experimental data are obtained using the modern experimental techniques, including high-speed video recording and infrared thermography. The usage of the special design of a transparent heating surface allows gaining a full set of major multiscale pool boiling characteristics. In particular, new data have been revealed on the vapor bubble growth rate and departure diameter, bubble emission frequency and nucleation site density during pool boiling in vacuum. The simple expression to predict the effect of pressure reduction on nucleation site density value is also presented.