bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Garrett Greg 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Films about race—like other cultural monuments—offer us the chance to wrestle with past and present constructs of racism, power, and oppression. By paying attention to the depiction of racism and prejudice, we can call attention to these features, express our contrition for past mistakes, and attempt to find a way forward through continued conversation. Films can make those conversations possible, since we enter them through story, not through our own experience. Thus, films enter into the cultural moment when we find monuments, stained glass, and other elements of culture to be at the forefront of these cultural conversations.
Instruction Modeling
Authors: Khachatryan George A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Blended learning, which is instruction that combines online with face-to-face components, is becoming increasingly popular in American schools. However, few first-hand accounts have been provided by program creators concerning the design, use, and experiences of widely used blended learning programs. This book fills this gap. Written by a leading program designer, it describes the creation and implementation of the blended learning programs of Reasoning Mind, a non-profit organization which has served hundreds of thousands of elementary and middle school students. Besides general insights into blended learning design and implementation, the book offers a detailed discussion of instruction modeling, a blended learning design approach used by Reasoning Mind. A wide range of methods can be used in designing instructional technology programs: some rely on research in cognitive psychology, others on gaming, and still others on modern statistical methods such as “big data.” By contrast, instruction modeling relies on the careful analysis of existing instructional traditions. The idea of instruction modeling is to study high-quality offline instruction and use blended learning to recreate it on a larger scale. The aim is to give students equivalent educational experiences to those of children in the world’s best classrooms. This book describes the instruction modeling technique in detail and makes the case for its broader use. The book will be relevant to anyone interested in the practical design and evolution of blended learning, including researchers, instructional designers, teachers, and students of education.
Unfair Subordination
Authors: Moreau Sophia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter Two, “Unfair Subordination,” develops a theory of unfair subordination and then uses this theory to help explain why discrimination wrongs people. The author explains why, in this context, it is important to think of subordination as “social subordination”—that is, as something that happens to a person by virtue of her membership in a certain social group. The author argues that social subordination involves not only differences in the power, authority, and deference given to particular social groups, but also, crucially, the presence of what the author calls “structural accommodations.” These are practices that normalize the needs of the superior groups and render invisible the needs of inferior groups. The author then uses this account of subordination to explain a variety of ways in which direct and indirect discrimination contribute to unfair subordination. Both forms of discrimination perpetuate differences in power, authority, and deference. Direct discrimination also subordinates by marking out certain people or groups as inferior, constituting an expression of censure. And indirect discrimination contributes to unfair subordination when it leaves in place problematic structural accommodations, rendering certain groups invisible, and thereby marking them out as inferior, in certain contexts.
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the Temple Mount/Haram esh-Sharif (Jerusalem)
Authors: Jobani Yuval , Perez Nahshon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 explores two contested sacred sites—the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the Haram esh-Sharif/Temple Mount—and two models of governance of contested sacred sites—status quo and closure. Section A describes the status quo at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem to facilitate, in section B, a critical discussion of the structure, justifications, advantages, and disadvantages of the status quo model. Section C describes the Temple Mount/Haram esh-Sharif case study with an emphasis on the period of 1967 to the present. Section D defines, explores, and criticizes closure as a model of governance for contested sacred sites.
Conclusion
Authors: Jobani Yuval , Perez Nahshon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this conclusion we offer an overview of the novel typology of five models for governing contested sacred sites developed in this monograph: “non-interference,” “separation and division,” “preference,” “status-quo,” and “closure.” As we have a full exploration of the five models of governance for contested sacred sites in front of us, we can offer a demonstration of the core structure of the models through their applicability to one contested sacred site—the Western Wall in Jerusalem—to facilitate direct comparison of each models’ practical value. Furthermore, we explain the pluralist grounds of the multi-model structure of this study that led us away from a “one model to govern them all” approach.
A Lineal Temple
Authors: Patterson Sara M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The end of the twentieth century saw an emphasis on more spiritual or metaphorical interpretations of Mormon historic sites, yet that spiritual turn included an affective, experiential element as well. Thus, the late twentieth-century activities made of the Mormon Trail a museum, a playground, and a temple: a “lineal temple,” a sacred space, where members could come to experience their history and theology under the umbrella of authenticity.
Why College Is Worth It
Authors: Patricia Herzog 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 addresses the ways that social class, economic resources, and family backgrounds affect students’ experiences of college. Students learn about the value of college: that college is important to earn a degree for specific skills and credentials, while it also teaches the “rules of the game,” referred to in scholarship as acquiring cultural capital. This chapter also addresses how students’ social class backgrounds affect how easy, hard, or different from high school they find the college experience to be, and how these experiences can shape the kinds of skills and talents that students gravitate to and build during college.
A Change is Gonna Come
Authors: Harrison Brian F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Get your head out of your @*&. Snowflake. You’re an idiot. Stupid liberal. Ignorant conservative. It can feel good to use a disparaging name and dismiss a divergent belief or opinion but it turns people off from genuine engagement. At best, feelings are hurt and family and friends decide to avoid political discussions altogether. Often social groups break apart. How can deliberative democracy survive if we can’t even speak to people with whom we disagree? The conventional wisdom to avoid talking about politics has to change. We need to talk to each other about American politics more, especially to those with whom we disagree. We just need to do it better. The antecedents of bitter political disagreements are well documented but less attention is paid to ways to improve things. Public opinion doesn’t change quickly on average but it does change: how people think and feel about LGBT rights, for example, saw a meteoric change over the last few decades. Supportive people from many different social and identity groups had conversations in ways that got people out of their echo chambers to see issues in new ways. The unprecedented attitude change toward marriage equality and LGBT rights is a compelling public opinion phenomenon and a roadmap for how to talk about other contentious issues. Relying on research spanning academic disciplines, A Change is Gonna Come identifies and explains where conversations fail and how we can start to dig out of our opinion silos to make reasonable changes in everyday, interpersonal political conversations.
The Virtue of Uncomfortable Conversations
Authors: Harrison Brian F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 discusses persuasion and attitude change as well as barriers to attitude change. It introduces some core concepts and addresses key questions: whether people hold attitudes at all and if they do, under what conditions they are likely to change. Research on persuasion often suggests that the first step down the road to successful attitude change is the motivation to process information—in other words, the willingness to listen. A person must create realistic goals for an interpersonal conversation before it starts; decide whether the person with whom they are speaking is reasonably able to have a meaningful conversation; and listen as much (if not more) than they speak, at least at first. Theories of information bias suggest that biases such as selective exposure, partisan bias, and motivated reasoning are barriers to the free exchange of ideas and need to be considered when engaging with those who disagree.
Don’t Know How I Feel About That
Authors: Harrison Brian F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 investigates the importance of emotion and how it can be harnessed for good. We are not purely rational thinkers when it comes to politics, particularly as partisanship has become a more significant aspect of core concepts and identities. Chapter 5 focuses on how we often feel about politics and their emotional reactions to conversations. Common negative emotions— fear, anxiety, anger, and disgust—can be difficult to navigate but chapter 5 provides suggestions on how to approach emotionally charged situations to diffuse or to neutralize the negative emotions that can surround political discussions. The chapter also identifies positive emotions like hope and enthusiasm and strategies like moral elevation that can help to break through emotional barriers and to reframe discussions in ways that are more productive and respectful.
People Like Us Have Got to Stick Together
Authors: Harrison Brian F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 6 focuses on the power of shared identity and values. Social psychology shows that we like to feel like we belong in social groups because it boosts self-confidence and helps to make sense of the world. Each person has more than one identity and maintaining social group membership is a powerful driver of political behavior. Highlighting groups and identities that we share is a vital strategy to relate to others and to encourage them to listen to political conversations they may otherwise ignore or avoid. Advocacy campaigns and persuasive communication about LGBT rights have been focused on shared, strongly held identities and values to shift opinions. This chapter discusses the benefits of focusing on commonalities rather than differences or things that are unknown, including shared identities as members of the same community or state, ethnoracial group, or political party, and of appealing to common values like fairness, equality, and patriotism.
Strategic Climate Research
Authors: Schneider Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The chapter summarizes the conceptual and empirical writing and research on organizational climate surveys that have strategic foci. Strategic foci means that such surveys contain items descriptive of organizational policies, practices, procedures, and behaviors that get rewarded, supported, and expected and that link directly with important strategic organizational outcomes like service and safety. The conceptual logic for such surveys was stimulated by an early emphasis on the need for organizational climate surveys to “focus on something” and not be abstract or undefined. The chapter reviews the theory and the resultant convincing evidence that supports this climate for something approach, focusing especially on the climate for service and the climate for safety. Examples of foci-specific climate survey items are also provided.
The Unique Role of Corporate Culture in Employee Listening Systems
Authors: Denison Daniel , Dickson Marcus W. , Mullins Michelle W. , Sanchez Jessie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter gives an overview of the organizational culture perspective and considers the range of contributions that it can make to the design of contemporary employee listening systems. The authors begin by tracing the origins of the culture literature and its evolution as a key element of the systems perspective in organizational studies. In addition to its focus on the organizational level, the culture perspective offers a unique application of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, an extensive literature on predicting organizational performance, and a unique perspective on how cultures are created, which is useful for driving action and inclusion. The chapter also offers a brief overview of seven frameworks for assessing organizational cultures that are useful resources for practitioners and researchers to draw upon. The authors conclude by making a set of recommendations about how to build greater depth and impact to employee listening systems.
Open-Ended Questions
Authors: Dutta Subhadra , O’Rourke Eric M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Natural language processing (NLP) is the field of decoding human written language. This chapter responds to the growing interest in using machine learning–based NLP approaches for analyzing open-ended employee survey responses. These techniques address scalability and the ability to provide real-time insights to make qualitative data collection equally or more desirable in organizations. The chapter walks through the evolution of text analytics in industrial–organizational psychology and discusses relevant supervised and unsupervised machine learning NLP methods for survey text data, such as latent Dirichlet allocation, latent semantic analysis, sentiment analysis, word relatedness methods, and so on. The chapter also lays out preprocessing techniques and the trade-offs of growing NLP capabilities internally versus externally, points the readers to available resources, and ends with discussing implications and future directions of these approaches.
Linkage Analysis
Authors: Del Duco Shawn M. , Hyland Patrick K. , Reeves David W. , Caputo Anthony W. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Linkage analysis is a framework for determining the impact that employee attitudes, as measured by organizational surveys, have on business outcomes. Linking employee attitudes to outcomes such as employee turnover and performance provides a compelling business case for executives to invest both emotionally and financially in employee surveys. The current chapter reviews the large body of research supporting the linkage analysis framework, as well as common approaches and challenges. Three case studies from the field are also presented, along with practical recommendations for translating linkage results into meaningful actions that organizations can take. The authors conclude by sharing the implications of linkage analysis in an era of big data.
Optimizing Differences Between Groups Is Important
Authors: Bliese Paul D. , Wicher Eliza W. , Abdulsalam Dhuha 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Firms rely on aggregate responses from engagement survey data in order to differentiate between teams of direct reports under specific managers, divisions, business units, etc. In this chapter, the authors show that items vary with respect to being able to differentiate groups and provide concrete and practical information relevant to selecting items used in engagement surveys. Specifically, the authors show how item-level intraclass correlation coefficient type 1 (ICC[1]) values can provide useful information to optimize group differentiation beyond traditional psychometrics. Using multiple examples from applied settings, they provide insights regarding interpreting ICC(1) values, wording of survey items, stability of ICC(1) values, and the difference between ICC(1) values and traditional psychometric values.
Rediscovering the Art of Surveys for Organization Change
Authors: Church Allan H. , Waclawski Janine 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
While many practitioners continue to promote the use of good strategic survey practice and measurement constructs, fewer highlight the use of surveys specifically for transformational interventions. In this chapter, the authors outline the use of a specific type of survey approach (i.e., surveys for change). Although surveys for change share many of the same elements as other types of organizational survey programs, there are key differences as well. The chapter begins with an overview of these types of surveys as a key organization development intervention and how recent technology trends and the democratization of survey methodology have negatively impacted their application over time. The differentiating characteristics of surveys for change are then discussed, followed by a case example that highlights their use in building an agile marketing function in a global consumer products organization. The chapter concludes with a call for building greater capability in this important survey practice.
Employee Surveys Move into the Future
Authors: Kraut Allen I. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter looks at how employee surveys have changed in recent decades and points to likely uses in the future. Surveys fulfill various purposes for different organizations over time, ranging from pure assessment to driving change. Generally, there has been a beneficial evolution in their form and use. Surveys focus less now on assessing employee satisfaction than on predicting work performance. More attention is put on employee engagement and on using survey findings for meaningful responses and change. At the same time, a technological revolution in computing has made surveys cheaper, faster, easier, and more tailored to various purposes. These shifts have also created speed bumps for practitioners, as when employee-identified surveys run into new privacy laws. The concept of employee engagement is seen as a major challenge in coming years as scientist-practitioners seek to better understand just why higher engagement is linked to better individual and organizational performance.
African Economies and Their Challenges
Authors: Rotberg Robert I. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Population numbers throughout most of Africa will continue to increase severely in most parts of Africa for the next thirty years. Unless women in sub-Saharan Africa suddenly cease having more than two and sometimes as many as seven children, the gross labor force, unskilled and skilled, in almost every country will continue to grow despite existing, alarming, formal unemployment rates of 40% or more. To meet the minimum income needs of their citizens, to create a more robust consumer society, to grow the tax base on which governments fund their provisions of services and welfare, and to attract more and more external investment, sub-Saharan nation-states hence need to create jobs—the smarter, the more enduring, and the more capable of contributing a beneficial multiplying boost the better. New jobs are the key to sub-Saharan Africa’s future—to its increased prosperity, to its fuller integration into world trading systems, and to winning its several internal battles against fundamentalist insurgents and other supposed revolutionaries.
Schooling for Growth
Authors: Rotberg Robert I. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Africans want to learn. They seek educational advancement. They scramble for places in primary, secondary, and tertiary schools. They know, to a person, that as more and more are born and crowd relentlessly on the continent, educational accomplishments will separate those who get ahead and live well , from those who are left behind, scratching the soil or seeking unskilled ways to earn daily bread, posho, ugali, matoke, and the rest. The key to being selected for a formal sector job, and keeping it, is success in primary school, completing secondary school, and—if possible—receiving a university degree. Furthermore, to advance and prosper—to have any hope of rushing ahead of one’s fellow nationals—increasingly depends on schooling achievements and on gaining formal degrees, but also on amassing either professional or vocational knowledge and skills. This scramble will not be for the faint-hearted, nor for those who are less persistent and resourceful than their fellows.
Technology Advances Africa
Authors: Rotberg Robert I. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Africa’s technological revolution is well underway, is transformative for human and economic development and greatly influences the conduct of politics. Where Africans were once relatively uninformed about the alternatives available to them in the spheres of political participation, economic path dependency, and social progress, now the glories of the World Wide Web, Google, Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and straightforward SMS have brought the globe’s myriad opportunities and experiences to their urban and village dwellings. Amazon, Microsoft, and Huawei are all rolling out major data centers (cloud computing hubs) in South Africa and East Africa. The emergence of Africa’s middle class is facilitated by this new technologically enabled knowledge. Even remote villagers are able to feel a part of something all-encompassing. Technology has expanded horizons, enlarged existing vistas, and provided a solid foundation for further innovative embraces of the global village in the decades ahead—when there will be many more young Africans to build upon such existing edifices. Things no longer fall apart.
Teachers and “Legitimate” Tamil in a Multilingual School
Authors: Davis Christina P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChapter 3 focuses on how the Girls’ College Tamil-medium teachers negotiated and contested sociolinguistic hierarchies in relation to power shifts that followed the outbreak of the civil war in 1983. Consistent with language-based models of identity, the teachers mapped the differences between Jaffna Tamils (Tamils from the Jaffna Peninsula); Batticaloa Tamils (Tamils from the eastern coastal region); Up-country Tamils (descendants of plantation laborers); and Muslims onto Tamil sociolinguistic varieties. This chapter investigates teachers’ discussions and debates about which Tamil varieties are the best, as well as how they acted on those ideologies in different contexts, including subject-area classrooms, language classrooms, and Tamil oratorical performances. The incongruities within and across the teachers’ ideological assertions and practices reveal subtle dynamics in the configuration of social inequality.
What Matters for Individuals in Later Life?
Authors: Jecker Nancy S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 introduces the idea of dignity as species integrity. For human beings, respecting dignity requires making reasonable efforts to support human capabilities at a basic floor level. Human capabilities include the central kinds of things we can do and be as human beings, including capacities for a life narrative; health; bodily integrity; senses, imagination, and thought; emotions; practical reason; affiliation; relating to nature; play; and participating in the environment. Contrary to what “healthy aging” advocates claim, medical progress will not eliminate threats to these human capabilities. Chapter 2 compares dignity as species integrity with sub-Saharan African conceptions of Ubuntu, the Nguni word for “humanness.” Ubuntu prizes relational values and human capacities for harmonious relationship. The chapter concludes that to have global traction, capability lists must be balanced, life stage informed, and provisional.