bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of Teneligliptin Stereoisomers by HPLC Using Cellulose Based Immobilized Polysaccharide Chiral Stationary Phase
Authors: Gunnam Srinivasu , Choppari Thirupathi , Lakshmi Narayana Chennuru , Cherla Parameswara Murthy , Siddiqui Sarah Imam 
Published: November 2020

Background:
There is no single chiral method for the quantitation of teneligliptin
stereoisomers by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hence, there is a need for the
quantification of teneligliptin (TNGP) and its stereoisomers.

Objective:
The main aim of the research work is to develop a novel simple, selective, precise and
accurate HPLC method for the separation of TNGP and its stereoisomers.

Methods:
Different screening trials were executed by changing the mobile phase compositions to
normal phase and polar mode and also by utilizing the different immobilized polysaccharide chiral
columns like CHIRALPAK IA, IC, ID, IE, IF and IG. All the stereoisomers were eluted with high
resolution, on CHIRALPAK IC-3 (4.6×250 mm), 3 μm chiral stationary phase (CSP) with a flow
rate of 0.7 mL/min. The chromatographic system was processed with isocratic mode comprising
ethanol: acetonitrile: ethanolamine in the proportion of 90:10:0.1% v/v/v with a column oven temperature
of 15°C and detection wavelength of 250 nm.

Results:
The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of TNGP(API),
R,S-isomer, S,R-isomer and R,R-isomer were found to be 0.036/0.11, 0.029/0.09, 0.038/0.011 and
0.020/0.06 μg/mL, respectively. The method was found to be precise, accurate and linear (R2 >
0.999).

Conclusion:
The developed method was successfully applied for the quantification of bulk drug
without any interference with the extraneous components. Hence, the method can be utilized successfully
in the pharmaceutical organizations for the separation and quantification of TNGP
isomers.
Development and Validation of HPLC Method for Five Gliptins in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms in Finished Marketed Products
Authors: Alkather Zainab , Hailat Mohammad , Al-Shdefat Ramadan , Abu Dayyih Wael 
Published: November 2020

Aim:
The aim is to develop and validate a single quantitative method for all DPP-IV inhibitors
(Alogliptin, Vildagliptin, Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, and Linagliptin).

Background:
Metformin is the most used antihyperglycemic drug in diabetes, therefore it is preferred
to be combined with other classes of antihyperglycemic drugs, specially gliptins. Formulating
these two drug classes in one pharmaceutical dosage form would be more efficacious to control
hyperglycemia than having either drug alone.

Objective:
This study was designed and performed to develop a new, simple, and reliable method
of analysis for assaying simultaneously five types of gliptins (Alogliptin, Linagliptin, Saxagliptin,
Sitagliptin, and Vildagliptin) and Metformin, which has not been documented before.

Methods:
The present method was carried out using a C18 column (250x4.6 mm), 5μm particle
size, mobile phase consisting of water to acetonitrile ratio 85:15% (v/v) and the pH was set by orthophosphoric
acid at 3, 10 μl injection volume, 0.5 ml flow rate, 25oC temperature, and the eluent
was monitored at 232 nm.

Results:
The assay's selectivity showed no interference with inactive ingredients in the formulation,
and the %recovery from each drug dosage forms at three different concentrations were within
the acceptable limits of the ICH guidelines. Although the method showed robustness towards the
flow rate, it showed significant change at 230 or 234 nm.

Conclusion:
The present analytical method is comprehensive and universal for measuring the five
drugs and Metformin. Such an analytical method can be applied to the present available combined
drug dosage forms of Metformin and one type of gliptins and the possible future of triple combinations
of two gliptins and Metformin.
Potential Therapeutic Targets of Curcumin, Most Abundant Active Compound of Turmeric Spice: Role in the Management of Various Types of Cancer
Authors: Almatroodi Saleh A. , Syed Mansoor Ali , Rahmani Arshad Husain 
Published: November 2020

Background::Curcumin, an active compound of turmeric spice, is one of the most-studied natural compounds and has been widely recognized as a chemopreventive agent. Several molecular mechanisms have proven that curcumin and its analogs play a role in cancer prevention through modulating various cell signaling pathways as well as in the inhibition of the carcinogenesis process.Objective::To study the potential role of curcumin in the management of various types of cancer through modulating cell signalling molecules based on available literature and recent patents.Methods::A wide-ranging literature survey was performed based on Scopus, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Google scholar for the implication of curcumin in cancer management, along with a special emphasis on human clinical trials. Moreover, patents were searched through www.google.com/patents, www.freepatentsonline.com, and www.freshpatents.com.Result::Recent studies based on cancer cells have proven that curcumin has potential effects against cancer cells as it prevents the growth of cancer and acts as a cancer therapeutic agent. Besides, curcumin exerted anti-cancer effects by inducing apoptosis, activating tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle arrest, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, initiation, promotion, and progression stages of tumor. It was established that co-treatment of curcumin and anti-cancer drugs could induce apoptosis and also play a significant role in the suppression of the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells.Conclusion::Accumulating evidences suggest that curcumin has the potential to inhibit cancer growth, induce apoptosis, and modulate various cell signaling pathway molecules. Well-designed clinical trials of curcumin based on human subjects are still needed to establish the bioavailability, mechanism of action, efficacy, and safe dose in the management of various cancers.
ESBLA: An Edge-Significance Based Modified Louvain Algorithm for
Event Detection from Tweets
Authors: Singh Jagrati , Singh Anil Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Social media is a platform where people shares various information. Twitter is the most popular platform to share information about real-world events. The relevant information for people based on their interest in an event, attracts more and more public attention. The shared information could pertain to either local events (such as natural disasters, protests, or accidents) or global events (such as political events, wars, or international news with high impact).

Objective:
Event detection via tweets saves a lot of time to read thousands of tweets and informs users about the major events.

Methods:
This article proposes a graph modeling approach, which automatically extracts important information from tweets concerning local or global events. The proposed approach consists of three major components. The first component selects the candidate terms for an event using a modified Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) weighting scheme, which is suitable for Twitter dynamics. The second component proposes an event detection algorithm - Edge-Significance Based modified Louvain Algorithm (ESBLA), which clusters the event terms using modified Louvain algorithm. ESBLA improvise Louvain 1 through the utilization of significant edges. The last component detects the location of an event using the content-based technique.

Results:
The proposed approach is compared with existing approaches for the detection of events from tweets. The experimental results on labeled and real-time data show that the proposed approach is better than the compared approaches.

Conclusion:
The proposed event detection approach extracts events with a high degree of quality and run-time performance over the existing methods used for the event detection.
Effect of the Pregnant+ Smartphone App on the Dietary Behavior of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Garnweidner-Holme Lisa , Henriksen Lena , Torheim Liv Elin , Lukasse Mirjam 
Published: November 2020

Background
The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing worldwide. A healthy diet and stable blood glucose levels during pregnancy can prevent adverse health outcomes for the mother and the newborn child. Mobile health may be a useful supplement to prenatal care, providing women with targeted dietary information concerning GDM.

Objective
We analyzed secondary data from a two-arm, multicentered, nonblinded randomized controlled trial to determine if a smartphone app with targeted dietary information and blood glucose monitoring had an effect on the dietary behavior of women with GDM.

Methods
Women with a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test level of ≥9 mmol/L were individually randomized to either the intervention group receiving the Pregnant+ app and usual care or the control group receiving usual care only. Eligible women were enrolled from 5 diabetes outpatient clinics in the Oslo region, Norway, between October 2015 and April 2017. The Pregnant+ app promoted 10 GDM-specific dietary recommendations. A healthy dietary score for Pregnant+ (HDS-P+) was constructed from a 41-item food frequency questionnaire and used to assess the intervention effect on the dietary behavior completed at trial entry and at around gestation week 36. Dietary changes from baseline to week 36 were examined by a paired sample two-tailed t test. Between-group dietary differences after the intervention were estimated with analysis of covariance, with adjustment for baseline diet.

Results
A total of 238 women participated: 115 were allocated to the intervention group and 123 to the control group. Of the 238 women, 193 (81.1%) completed the food frequency questionnaire both at baseline and around gestational week 36. All the participants showed improvements in their HDS-P+ from baseline. However, the Pregnant+ app did not have a significant effect on their HDS-P+. The control group reported a higher weekly frequency of choosing fish meals (P=.05). No other significant differences were found between the intervention and control groups. There were no significant demographic baseline differences between the groups, except that more women in the intervention group had a non-Norwegian language as their first language (61 vs 46; P=.02).

Conclusions
Our findings do not support the supplementation of face-to-face follow-up of women with GDM with a smartphone app in the presence of high-standard usual care, as the Pregnant+ app did not have a beneficial effect on pregnant women’s diet.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02588729; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02588729
Mitigating Health Risks to Reopen a Clinical Research Laboratory During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Framework
Authors: Walker Eloise M , Jasper Alice E , Davis Lauren , Yip Kay Por , Faniyi Aduragbemi A , Hughes Michael J , Crisford Helena A , Spittle Daniella A , Sapey Elizabeth , Belchamber Kylie B R , Scott Aaron 
Published: November 2020

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to many countries implementing lockdown procedures, resulting in the suspension of laboratory research. With lockdown measures now easing in some areas, many laboratories are preparing to reopen. This is particularly challenging for clinical research laboratories due to the dual risk of patient samples carrying the virus that causes COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and the risk to patients being exposed to research staff during clinical sampling. To date, no confirmed transmission of the virus has been confirmed within a laboratory setting; however, operating processes and procedures should be adapted to ensure safe working of samples of positive, negative, or unknown COVID-19 status.

Objective
In this paper, we propose a framework for reopening a clinical research laboratory and resuming operations with the aim to maximize research capacity while minimizing the risk to research participants and staff.

Methods
This framework was developed by consensus among experienced laboratory staff who have prepared to reopen a clinical research laboratory.

Results
Multiple aspects need to be considered to reopen a clinical laboratory. We describe our process to stratify projects by risk, including assessment of donor risk and COVID-19 clinical status, the COVID-19 status of the specific sample type, and how to safely process each sample type. We describe methods to prepare the laboratory for safe working including maintaining social distancing through signage, one-way systems and access arrangements for staff and patients, limiting staff numbers on site and encouraging home working for all nonlaboratory tasks including data analysis and writing. Shared equipment usage was made safe by adapting booking systems to allow for the deployment of cleaning protocols. All risk assessments and standard operating procedures were rewritten and approved by local committees, and staff training was initiated to ensure compliance.

Conclusions
Laboratories can adopt and adapt this framework to expedite reopening a clinical laboratory during the current COVID-19 pandemic while mitigating the risk to research participants and staff.
Association Between LGB Sexual Orientation and Depression Mediated by Negative Social Media Experiences: National Survey Study of US Young Adults
Authors: Escobar-Viera César G , Shensa Ariel , Sidani Jaime , Primack Brian , Marshal Michael P 
Published: November 2020

Background
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons are disproportionately affected by depression and have high social media use rates. Negative social media experiences may modify depressive symptoms among LGB persons. We sought to assess the potential influence of negative social media experiences on the association between LGB orientation and depression.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the potential influence of negative social media experiences on the association between LGB orientation and depression.

Methods
We performed a web-based survey of a national sample of US young adults aged 18-30 years. We assessed the respondents’ LGB orientation, negative social media experiences, and depression using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. We used generalized structural equation modeling to assess both the direct and indirect effects (via negative social media experiences) of LGB orientation on depression while controlling for relevant demographic and personal characteristics.

Results
We found a conditional indirect effect (ab path) of LGB orientation on depressive symptoms via negative social media experience (a: observed coefficient 0.229; P<.001; bias-corrected bootstrapped 95% CI 0.162-0.319, and b: observed coefficient 2.158; P<.001; bias-corrected bootstrapped 95% CI 1.840-2.494). The results show that among LGB respondents, for those who reported negative social media experiences in the past year, a 1 unit increase in these experiences was associated with a 0.494 unit increase in depressive symptomatology.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that higher rates of depression among LGB young adults are partially explained by negative social media experiences; these results could help inform future patient/provider conversations about mental health risk and protective factors related to social media use. Reducing these experiences and increasing positive social media experiences among LGB persons may mitigate depressive symptomatology in this population.
Entre la colaboración y el anclaje: Unidad IIMAS-UNAM en Mérida
Authors: Santos Corral María Josefa , De Gortari Rabiela Rebeca Nadia Ximena 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: analizar y documentar las estrategias de vinculación y posterior anclaje de la UNAM a las regiones donde han establecido sedes foráneas, tomando como ejemplo la Unidad Mérida del IIMAS.Método: revisión de la literatura acerca del anclaje y del sistema científico y tecnológico de Yucatán. Estancia de campo durante un mes en la ciudad de Mérida, en la sede del Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UNAM. Entrevistas a investigadores, técnicos académicos y estudiantes de esta sede, y a diferentes actores del sistema científico y tecnológico del estado de Yucatán; además, de la asistencia a reuniones de académicos y estudiantes.Resultados: análisis y documentación de las estrategias seguidas por los distintos grupos de investigación, y por autoridades universitarias, para anclar a la UNAM en el Estado de Yucatán. En algunos grupos éstas comienzan con la docencia (muy claramente en el IIMAS); mientras que otros, como el CEPCHIS, los laboratorios de la Facultad de Química, o el del Instituto de Ecología, incluyen actores y problemas locales en sus agendas de investigación.Limitaciones: completar el estudio documentando la opinión de los actores locales sobre los trabajos que la UNAM ha hecho en la región. Pues, aunque se hicieron entrevistas, faltó tiempo para conocer a detalle la perspectiva local.Principales hallazgos: documentar las oportunidades, limitaciones y retos a los que se enfrentan las universidades latinoamericanas en el proceso de legitimación, para anclarse en distintas regiones de los países de donde son originarias. El caso de la UNAM es especialmente relevante, porque muestra cómo una gran universidad de un país muy centralizado ha seguido estrategias formales de descentralización, que se complementan con los mecanismos informales que los investigadores encuentran para poder continuar con su trabajo en condiciones, a veces, muy distintas a las que se tienen en las sedes universitarias con mayores recursos.
Plasma Methylglyoxal Levels Are Associated With Amputations and Mortality in Severe Limb Ischemia Patients With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Hanssen Nordin M.J. , Teraa Martin , Scheijen Jean L.J.M. , Van de Waarenburg Marjo , Gremmels Hendrik , Stehouwer Coen D.A. , Verhaar Marianne C. , Schalkwijk Casper G. 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE
Diabetes is a risk factor for severe limb ischemia (SLI), a condition associated with high mortality, morbidity, and limb loss. The reactive glucose-derived dicarbonyl methylglyoxal (MGO) is a major precursor for advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and a potential driver of cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether plasma MGO levels are associated with poor outcomes in SLI.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We measured plasma levels of MGO, free AGEs, and d-lactate, the detoxification end product of MGO, with ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry at baseline in 160 patients (64.8 ± 13.3 years, 67.5% male, 37.5% with diabetes) with no-option SLI and recorded major adverse outcomes (n = 86, comprising n = 53 deaths and n = 49 amputations [first event counted]) over the 5-year follow-up. Data were analyzed with linear or Cox regression, after Ln-transformation of the independent variables, adjusted for sex, age, trial arm, diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and BMI. Associations are reported per 1 SD plasma marker.

RESULTS
Higher plasma MGO levels were associated with more adverse outcomes (relative risk 1.44; 95% CI 1.11–1.86) and amputations separately (1.55; 1.13–2.21). We observed a similar but weaker trend for mortality (1.28; 0.93–1.77). The MGO-derived AGE Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine was also associated with more adverse outcomes (1.46; 1.00–2.15) and amputations (1.71; 1.04–2.79). d-Lactate was not associated with adverse incident outcomes. Higher plasma MGO levels were also associated with more inflammation and white blood cells and fewer progenitor cells.

CONCLUSIONS
Plasma MGO levels are associated with adverse outcomes in SLI. Future studies should investigate whether MGO-targeting therapies improve outcomes in SLI.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR LITERASI SAINS SISWA MATA PELAJARAN IPA PADA MATERI ENERGI DALAM SISTEM KEHIDUPAN DENGAN METODE EKSPERIMEN DI KELAS VII-C SMP NEGERI 1 STABAT KAB. LANGKAT T.P. 2018/2019
Authors: Sari Linda 
Published: November 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah, mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar literasi sains siswa mata pelajaran IPA pada materi energi dalam sistem kehidupan dengan metode eksperimen di kelas VII-C SMP Negeri 1 Stabat Kab. Langkat T.P. 2018/2019. Penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) berupa kegiatan refleksi awal dan melakukan observasi untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan yang terjadi di kelas, perencanaan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Adapun temuan penelitian PTK ini adalah: 1) Pada Siklus I penerapan metode pembelajaran eksperimen memperoleh hasil belajar literasi sains siswa dari dari 31 orang siswa diperoleh 24 orang yang tuntas dengan 77,4% dan 7 orang yang tidak tuntas dengan 22,6% dengan rerata kelas 76,6. Dan hasil pengamatan aktivitas siswa dalam mengikuti praktikum dengan penerapan metode pembelajaran eksperimen yaitu: 1) aspek kepedulian lingkungan masuk kategori kurang dimana siswa masih belum memperhatikan kebersihan ruangan praktikum setelah praktikum selesai; 2) untuk aspek disiplin, kerjasama dan ketelitian masuk kategori cukup, pada tiga aspek ini memang perlu peningkatan lagi agar praktikum bisa berjalan dengan maksimal; 3) aspek mengikuti prosedur kerja masuk kategori baik; 2) Pada Siklus II diperoleh hasil belajar literasi sains siswa dari 31 orang siswa diperoleh 28 orang yang tuntas dengan 90,3% dan 3 orang yang tidak tuntas dengan 9,7% dengan rerata kelas 81,1. Dan hasil observasi aktivitas siswa dalam praktikum dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran ekperimen diperoleh hasilnya: 1) untuk aspek disiplin, kerjasama, mengikuti prosedur kerja, ketelitian sudah memenuhi ekspektasi dalam mengikuti praktikum dimana sudah memenuhi kategori baik; 2) untuk aspek kepedulian lingkungan masuk kategori cukup. Sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan penerapan metode eskperimen dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar literasi sains siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA pada materi energi dalam sistem kehidupan di kelas VII-C SMP Negeri 1 Stabat Kab. Langkat T.P. 2018/2019.
ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI HEWAN INVERTEBRATA DI KELAS X
Authors: Tamba Yusnita Renata , Napitupulu Martina Asiati , Sidabukke Merry 
Published: November 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kesulitan belajar siswa pada materi invertebrata yang ditinjau dari aspek kognitif, indikator pembelajaran dan faktor penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas X IPA SMA Negeri 11 Medan. Sampel penelitian diambil secara Purpossive Sampling sebanyak 90 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini tes pilihan berganda dan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) persentase tingkat kesulitan belajar siswa pada setiap aspek kognitif soal pengetahuan (C1) sebesar 47,22% (sedang); pemahaman (C2) sebesar 43,89% (sedang); aplikasi (C3) sebesar 60,67% (tinggi); analisis (C4) sebesar 65,00% ( tinggi); evaluasi (C5) sebesar 54,44% (sedang); dan kreasi (C6) sebesar 61,67% (tinggi). (2) Persentase kesulitan belajar setiap indikator soal pada materi sistem saraf manusia meliputi : indikator ciri-ciri umum Invertebrata 52,47% sedang, indikator dasar klasifikasi Invertebrata sebesar 64,07% (tinggi); indikator contoh spesies Invertebrata sebesar 53,70% (sedang); indikator siklus hidup Inverebrata sebesar 55,14% (sedang); indikator sistem metabolisme Invertebrata sebesar 35,56% (rendah), indikator peranan Invertebrata sebesar 51,11% (sedang). (3) Persentase pengaruh faktor internal penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa meliputi : faktor kesehatan 78,70% (cukup menghambat) ; faktor intelegensi 55,97% (menghambat) ; faktor minat 58,54% (menghambat) ; faktor motivasi 68,06% (cukup menghambat) ; faktor psikiatik 51,57 % (menghambat). Persentase pengaruh faktor eksternal penyebab kesulitan belajar meliputi : faktor keluarga sebesar 63,47% (cukup menghambat) ; faktor sekolah sebesar 68,17% (cukup menghambat) ; faktor guru sebesar 81,53% (tidak menghambat); faktor materi sebesar 48,94% (menghambat); faktor media sebesar 62,92% (cukup menghambat).