bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Velamentous cord insertion: results from a rapid review of incidence, risk factors, adverse outcomes and screening
Authors: Buchanan-Hughes Amy , Bobrowska Anna , Visintin Cristina , Attilakos George , Marshall John 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundVelamentous cord insertion (VCI) is an umbilical cord attachment to the membranes surrounding the placenta instead of the central mass. VCI is strongly associated with vasa praevia (VP), where umbilical vessels lie in close proximity to the internal cervical os. VP leaves the vessels vulnerable to rupture, which can lead to fatal fetal exsanguination. Screening for VP using second-trimester transabdominal sonography (TAS) to detect VCI has been proposed. We conducted a rapid review investigating the quality, quantity and direction of evidence available on the epidemiology, screening test accuracy and post-screening management pathways for VCI.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched on 5 July 2016 and again on 11 October 2019, using general search terms for VP and VCI. Only peer-reviewed articles reporting on the epidemiology of VCI, the accuracy of the screening test and/or downstream management pathways for VCI pregnancies were included. Quality and risk of bias of each included study were assessed using pre-specified tools.ResultsForty-one relevant publications were identified; all but one were based on non-UK pregnancy cohorts, and most included relatively few VCI cases. The estimated incidence of VCI was 0.4–11% in singleton pregnancies, with higher incidence in twin pregnancies (1.6–40%). VCI incidence was also increased among pregnancies with one or more other risk factors, including in vitro fertilisation pregnancies or nulliparity. VCI incidence among women without any known risk factors was unclear.VCI was associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, most notably pre-term birth and emergency caesarean section in singleton pregnancies, and perinatal mortality in twins; however, associations varied across studies and the increased risk was typically low or moderate compared with pregnancies without VCI.In studies on limited numbers of cases, screening for VCI using TAS had good overall accuracy, driven by high specificity. No studies on post-screening management of VCI were identified.ConclusionsLiterature on VCI epidemiology and outcomes is limited and low-quality. The accuracy of second-trimester TAS and the benefits and harms of screening cannot be determined without prospective studies in large cohorts. Modelling studies may indicate the feasibility and value of studying the epidemiology of VCI and the potential impact of detecting VCI as part of a population screening programme for VP.
Distribution and extent of heavy metal(loid) contamination in agricultural soils as affected by industrial activity
Authors: Kim Hyunuk , Lee Mina , Lee Jae-Hwang , Kim Kye-Hoon , Owens Gary , Kim Kwon-Rae 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn Korea, rapid industrialization has often caused severe soil and water pollution near industrial complexes. Particularly, heavy metal(loid) contamination of agricultural lands could induce serious long-term problems for crop safety and productivity, requiring continual safety assessment. This study investigated heavy metal(loid) contamination of agricultural lands near fifteen industrial complexes. At each of industrial sites in Gyeongsangbuk-do, topsoils and subsoils were collected at two different distances from each site (0–500 m and 500–1000 m). For comparison, at each site, non-polluted soils were also collected more than 1000 m away from each industrial complex. With the exception of one sample, heavy metal(loid) concentration of all soils were lower than the Korean guidelines for soil contamination. However, the difference between the heavy metal(loid) concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in topsoil and subsoil increased the closer the samples were the industrial complexes, which implied that these elements were being generated by industrial activities and were freshly loaded on to near surface soils. While the heavy metal(loid) concentration in the studied sites did not exceed the Korean guideline, the geoaccumulation index of each soil indicated that the degree of Cd, Cu, and Pb contamination was heavily or extremely serious in more than twenty of the examined soils. The elevation of specific metals associated with industrial activity in soils in close proximity to industrial sites is of some concern and should be taken into consideration for the future management of agricultural soils around such complexes as well as the industrial complex operation itself.
Altered levels of CSF proteins in patients with FTD, presymptomatic mutation carriers and non-carriers
Authors: Remnestål Julia , Öijerstedt Linn , Ullgren Abbe , Olofsson Jennie , Bergström Sofia , Kultima Kim , Ingelsson Martin , Kilander Lena , Uhlén Mathias , Månberg Anna , Graff Caroline , Nilsson Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical presentations of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are diverse and overlap with other neurological disorders. There are, as of today, no biomarkers in clinical practice for diagnosing the disorders. Here, we aimed to find protein markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with FTD, presymptomatic mutation carriers and non-carriers.MethodsAntibody suspension bead arrays were used to analyse 328 proteins in CSF from patients with behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD,n = 16) and progressive primary aphasia (PPA,n = 13), as well as presymptomatic mutation carriers (PMC,n = 16) and non-carriers (NC,n = 8). A total of 492 antibodies were used to measure protein levels by direct labelling of the CSF samples. The findings were further examined in an independent cohort including 13 FTD patients, 79 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 18 healthy controls.ResultsWe found significantly altered protein levels in CSF from FTD patients compared to unaffected individuals (PMC and NC) for 26 proteins. The analysis show patterns of separation between unaffected individuals and FTD patients, especially for those with a clinical diagnosis of bvFTD. The most statistically significant differences in protein levels were found for VGF, TN-R, NPTXR, TMEM132D, PDYN and NF-M. Patients with FTD were found to have higher levels of TN-R and NF-M, and lower levels of VGF, NPTXR, TMEM132D and PDYN, compared to unaffected individuals. The main findings were reproduced in the independent cohort.ConclusionIn this pilot study, we show a separation of FTD patients from unaffected individuals based on protein levels in CSF. Further investigation is required to explore the CSF profiles in larger cohorts, but the results presented here has the potential to enable future clinical utilization of these potential biomarkers within FTD.
Factors influencing adoption of improved structural soil and water conservation measures in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Wordofa Muluken G. , Okoyo Eric N. , Erkalo Eliso 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Agriculture remains to be the leading sector that contributes enormously to economic development in Ethiopia. Despite its significant contribution to livelihoods, the sector faces persistent challenges due to depletion of natural resources and soil erosion that resulted in diminishing crop and livestock productivity. In order to curb the effects of land degradation, the Government of Ethiopia has been taking serious measures to expand Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) practices throughout the country. Despite the efforts made, the adoption of new practices by farmers have been generally low. This study was aimed at assessing factors influencing smallholder farmers’ decision on the use of improved structural SWC practices in Haramaya district, eastern Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 120 farm households and 248 plots. A structured interview schedule was used to collect primary data. Descriptive and inferential statistics and Multinomial Logit (MNL) regression model were used to analyze the data.

Results
The key findings showed that a host of socio-demographic, economic and institutional factors significantly affected smallholders’ decision to adopt improved structural SWC. In this study, we found that education, farming experience, plot area, distance of the plot from dwelling unit, number of economically active household members, and extension contact were the significant predictors of using improved SWC structures.

Conclusions
Based on our findings, we concluded that improved SWC measures should be scaled up through a concerted effort of extension workers, local administration and other relevant non-state actors. In particular, the extension system should encourage rural communities on sustainable management and use of natural resources. Moreover, the need to create learning opportunities through facilitating appropriate educational and training programs for farmers and focusing on proper management of available economically active household members should be emphasized.
Routine activity effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on burglary in Detroit, March, 2020
Authors: Felson Marcus , Jiang Shanhe , Xu Yanqing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe spread of the coronavirus has led to containment policies in many places, with concomitant shifts in routine activities. Major declines in crime have been reported as a result. However, those declines depend on crime type and may differ by parts of a city and land uses. This paper examines burglary in Detroit, Michigan during the month of March, 2020, a period of considerable change in routine activities. We examine 879 block groups, separating those dominated by residential land use from those with more mixed land use. We divide the month into three periods: pre-containment, transition period, and post-containment. Burglaries increase in block groups with mixed land use, but not blocks dominated by residential land use. The impact of containment policies on burglary clarifies after taking land use into account.
High-resolution, non-invasive animal tracking and reconstruction of local environment in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Francisco Fritz A , Nührenberg Paul , Jordan Alex 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcquiring high resolution quantitative behavioural data underwater often involves installation of costly infrastructure, or capture and manipulation of animals. Aquatic movement ecology can therefore be limited in taxonomic range and ecological coverage.MethodsHere we present a novel deep-learning based, multi-individual tracking approach, which incorporates Structure-from-Motion in order to determine the 3D location, body position and the visual environment of every recorded individual. The application is based on low-cost cameras and does not require the animals to be confined, manipulated, or handled in any way.ResultsUsing this approach, single individuals, small heterospecific groups and schools of fish were tracked in freshwater and marine environments of varying complexity. Positional tracking errors as low as 1.09 ± 0.47 cm (RSME) in underwater areas up to 500 m2were recorded.ConclusionsThis cost-effective and open-source framework allows the analysis of animal behaviour in aquatic systems at an unprecedented resolution. Implementing this versatile approach, quantitative behavioural analysis can be employed in a wide range of natural contexts, vastly expanding our potential for examining non-model systems and species.
Intrafamilial phenotypic variation in spinocerebellar ataxia type 23
Authors: Satoh Shunichi , Kondo Yasufumi , Ohara Shinji , Yamaguchi Tomomi , Nakamura Katsuya , Yoshida Kunihiro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 23 (SCA23) is an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia caused by pathogenic variants in the prodynorphin gene (PDYN). The frequency of PDYN variants is reportedly very low (~ 0.1%) in several ataxia cohorts screened to date.

Case presentations
We found five cases of SCA23 in two families (mean age at onset: 37.8 ± 5.5 years; mean age at examination: 64.2 ± 12.3 years) with a novel PDYN variant (c.644G > A:p.R215H). We identified marked heterogeneity in the clinical features in Family 1: the proband showed clinical and neuroimaging features suggestive of multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P). Conversely, the proband’s mother with the PDYN p.R215H variant had no subjective symptoms; she had not come to medical attention before our survey, although she showed apparent cerebellar atrophy on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The other two patients in Family 1 and a patient in Family 2 showed slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia.

Conclusions
We here report two Japanese families with SCA23, one of which showed considerable phenotypic variation in affected members. Our findings support that SCA23 can phenotypically overlap with MSA.
Closed suction drainage offers no more clinical benefit than non-drainage after primary total knee arthroplasty with the administration of tranexamic acid in Chinese patients
Authors: Yang Dong , Liu Kaiyuan , Fan Lin , Xu Tianyang , Li Guodong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
If closed suction drainage (CSD) should be used after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), remains controversial. The current study aimed to explore whether CSD offers more clinical benefit with the administration of tranexamic acid in Chinese patients.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on 200 patients who had received TKA. One hundred patients were placed on drainage after TKA, whereas the rest of 100 patients were not. Multiple clinical parameters were dynamically monitored and compared between the two groups.

Results
The length of the hospitalization days was significantly shorter in patients who did not receive CSD (6.0 ± 0.8 vs. 7.0 ± 0.8 days, p < 0.001). The patients in the drainage group had more Hb drop on the first postoperative day (14.82 ± 6.58 vs. 11.27 ± 5.71 g/L, p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed in VAS score, ROM and thigh circumference at baseline during the follow-up between two groups.

Conclusions
Additional drainage after primary TKA had no clinical benefit after the tranexamic acid had already been administered during the treatment.
Views From Patients With Cancer in the Setting of Unplanned Acute Care: Informing Approaches to Reduce Health Care Utilization
Authors: Kaufmann Tara L. , Rendle Katharine A. , Aakhus Erin , Nimgaonkar Vivek , Shah Arnav , Bilger Andrea , Gabriel Peter E. , Trotta Rebecca , Braun Jennifer , Shulman Lawrence N. , Bekelman Justin E. , Barg Frances K. 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE: New oncology care delivery models that avoid preventable acute care are needed, yet it is unclear which interventions best meet the needs of patients and caregivers. Perspectives from patients who experienced unplanned acute care events may inform the successful development and implementation of care delivery models. METHODS: We performed a qualitative interview study of patients with solid tumors on active treatment who experienced the following 3 types of unplanned acute care events: emergency department visits, first hospitalizations, and multiple hospitalizations. Patients were prospectively recruited within a large academic health system from August 2018 to January 2019. Interviews followed a semi-structured guide developed from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. The constant comparative approach was used to identify themes. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients were interviewed; 51% were men, 75% were non-Hispanic White, and the mean age was 57.4 years (standard deviation, 1.9 years). Fifty-five percent of patients had metastatic disease, and 33% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 3-4. We identified the following key themes: drivers of the decision to seek acute care, patients’ emotional concerns that influence interactions with the oncology team, and strategies used to avoid acute care. Patients’ recommendations for interventions included anticipatory guidance, peer support, improved triage methods, and enhanced symptom management. Patients preferred options for virtual and home-based outpatient care. CONCLUSION: Patient-centered care models should focus on early delivery of supportive interventions that help patients and caregivers navigate the unexpected issues that come with cancer treatment. Patients advocate for proactive, multidisciplinary supportive interventions that enable home-based care and are led by the primary oncology team.
Endothelial protective factors BMP9 and BMP10 inhibit CCL2 release by human vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Upton Paul D. , Park John E. S. , De Souza Patricia M. , Davies Rachel J. , Griffiths Mark J. D. , Wort Stephen J. , Morrell Nicholas W. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) and BMP10 are circulating ligands that mediate endothelial cell (EC) protection via complexes of the type I receptor ALK1 and the type II receptors activin type-IIA receptor (ACTR-IIA) and bone morphogenetic type II receptor (BMPR-II). We previously demonstrated that BMP9 induces the expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and E-selectin in ECs and might influence their interactions with monocytes and neutrophils. We asked whether BMP9 and BMP10 regulate the expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), a key chemokine involved in monocyte–macrophage chemoattraction. Here, we show that BMP9 and BMP10 repress basal CCL2 expression and release from human pulmonary artery ECs and aortic ECs. The repression was dependent on ALK1 and co-dependent on ACTR-IIA and BMPR-II. Assessment of canonical Smad signalling indicated a reliance of this response on Smad4. Of note, Smad1/5 signalling contributed only at BMP9 concentrations similar to those in the circulation. In the context of inflammation, BMP9 did not alter the induction of CCL2 by TNF-α. As CCL2 promotes monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis and endothelial permeability, these data support the concept that BMP9 preserves basal endothelial integrity.
Cardiolipin is required for membrane docking of mitochondrial ribosomes and protein synthesis
Authors: Lee Richard G. , Gao Junjie , Siira Stefan J. , Shearwood Anne-Marie , Ermer Judith A. , Hofferek Vinzenz , Mathews James C. , Zheng Minghao , Reid Gavin E. , Rackham Oliver , Filipovska Aleksandra 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The mitochondrial inner membrane contains a unique phospholipid known as cardiolipin (CL), which stabilises the protein complexes embedded in the membrane and supports its overall structure. Recent evidence indicates that the mitochondrial ribosome may associate with the inner membrane to facilitate co-translational insertion of the hydrophobic oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins into the inner membrane. We generated three mutant knockout cell lines for the CL biosynthesis gene Crls1 to investigate the effects of CL loss on mitochondrial protein synthesis. Reduced CL levels caused altered mitochondrial morphology and transcriptome-wide changes that were accompanied by uncoordinated mitochondrial translation rates and impaired respiratory chain supercomplex formation. Aberrant protein synthesis was caused by impaired formation and distribution of mitochondrial ribosomes. Reduction or loss of CL resulted in divergent mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses. We show that CL is required to stabilise the interaction of the mitochondrial ribosome with the membrane via its association with OXA1 (also known as OXA1L) during active translation. This interaction facilitates insertion of newly synthesised mitochondrial proteins into the inner membrane and stabilises the respiratory supercomplexes.
Osmotic gradients induce stable dome morphogenesis on extracellular matrix
Authors: Ishida-Ishihara Sumire , Akiyama Masakazu , Furusawa Kazuya , Naguro Isao , Ryuno Hiroki , Sushida Takamichi , Ishihara Seiichiro , Haga Hisashi 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
One of the fundamental processes in morphogenesis is dome formation, but many of the mechanisms involved are unexplored. Previous in vitro studies showed that an osmotic gradient is the driving factor of dome formation. However, these investigations were performed without extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structural support to morphogenesis. With the use of ECM, we observed that basal hypertonic stress induced stable domes in vitro that have not been seen in previous studies. These domes developed as a result of ECM swelling via aquaporin water transport activity. Based on computer simulation, uneven swelling, with a positive feedback between cell stretching and enhanced water transport, was a cause of dome formation. These results indicate that osmotic gradients induce dome morphogenesis via both enhanced water transport activity and subsequent ECM swelling.
Staufen1 localizes to the mitotic spindle and controls the localization of RNA populations to the spindle
Authors: Hassine Sami , Bonnet-Magnaval Florence , Benoit Bouvrette Louis Philip , Doran Bellastrid , Ghram Mehdi , Bouthillette Mathieu , Lecuyer Eric , DesGroseillers Luc 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Staufen1 (STAU1) is an RNA-binding protein involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs. We report that a large fraction of STAU1 localizes to the mitotic spindle in colorectal cancer HCT116 cells and in non-transformed hTERT-RPE1 cells. Spindle-associated STAU1 partly co-localizes with ribosomes and active sites of translation. We mapped the molecular determinant required for STAU1–spindle association within the first 88 N-terminal amino acids, a domain that is not required for RNA binding. Interestingly, transcriptomic analysis of purified mitotic spindles revealed that 1054 mRNAs and the precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA), as well as the long non-coding RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs involved in ribonucleoprotein assembly and processing, are enriched on spindles compared with cell extracts. STAU1 knockout causes displacement of the pre-rRNA and of 154 mRNAs coding for proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton organization and cell growth, highlighting a role for STAU1 in mRNA trafficking to spindle. These data demonstrate that STAU1 controls the localization of subpopulations of RNAs during mitosis and suggests a novel role of STAU1 in pre-rRNA maintenance during mitosis, ribogenesis and/or nucleoli reassembly.