bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrepancies in digital hematopathology diagnoses for consultation and expert panel analysis
Authors: van den Brand Michiel , Nooijen Peet T. G. A. , van der Laan Kimberly D. , de Bruin Peter C. , van Leeuwen A. M. , Leeuwis Jan Willem , Meijer Jos W. , Otte-Höller Irene , Hebeda Konnie M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDigital pathology with whole-slide imaging (WSI) has a large potential to make the process of expert consultation and expert panel diagnosis more rapid and more efficient. However, comparison with the current methods is necessary for validation of the technique. In this study, we determined if digital assessment of whole-slide images of hematopathology specimens with a focus on the assessment of lymphoma can be used for consultation and panel diagnostics. Ninety-three histological specimens with a suspicion for lymphoma were assessed both with conventional microscopy and digital microscopy with a wash out period between assessments. A consensus diagnosis was based on full concordance between the pathologists or, in case of discordances, was reached at a joint session at a multi-headed microscope. In 81% of the cases, there was a full concordance between digital and light microscopical assessment for all three pathologists. Discordances between conventional microscopy and digital pathology were present in 3% of assessments. In comparison with the consensus diagnosis, discordant diagnoses were made in 5 cases with digital microscopy and in 3 cases with light microscopy. The reported level of confidence and need for additional investigations were similar between assessment by conventional and by digital microscopy. In conclusion, the performance of assessment by digital pathology is in general comparable with that of conventional light microscopy and pathologists feel confident using digital pathology for this subspecialty.
Stable C and N isotope natural abundances of intraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Klink Saskia , Giesemann Philipp , Hubmann Timo , Pausch Johanna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractData for stable C and N isotope natural abundances of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are currently sparse, as fungal material is difficult to access for analysis. So far, isotope analyses have been limited to lipid compounds associated with fungal membranes or storage structures (biomarkers), fungal spores and soil hyphae. However, it remains unclear whether any of these components are an ideal substitute for intraradical AM hyphae as the functional nutrient trading organ. Thus, we isolated intraradical hyphae of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis from roots of the grass Festuca ovina and the legume Medicago sativa via an enzymatic and a mechanical approach. In addition, extraradical hyphae were isolated from a sand-soil mix associated with each plant. All three approaches revealed comparable isotope signatures of R. irregularis hyphae. The hyphae were 13C- and 15N-enriched relative to leaves and roots irrespective of the plant partner, while they were enriched only in 15N compared with soil. The 13C enrichment of AM hyphae implies a plant carbohydrate source, whereby the enrichment was likely reduced by an additional plant lipid source. The 15N enrichment indicates the potential of AM fungi to gain nitrogen from an organic source. Our isotope signatures of the investigated AM fungus support recent findings for mycoheterotrophic plants which are suggested to mirror the associated AM fungi isotope composition. Stable isotope natural abundances of intraradical AM hyphae as the functional trading organ for bi-directional carbon-for-mineral nutrient exchanges complement data on spores and membrane biomarkers.
Cerebral nitric oxide and mitochondrial function in patients suffering aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage—a translational approach
Authors: Hosmann Arthur , Milivojev Nadja , Dumitrescu Sergiu , Reinprecht Andrea , Weidinger Adelheid , Kozlov Andrey V. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Cerebral ischemia and neuroinflammation following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are major contributors to poor neurological outcome. Our study set out to investigate in an exploratory approach the interaction between NO and energy metabolism following SAH as both hypoxia and inflammation are known to affect nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and NO in turn affects mitochondria.

Methods
In seven patients under continuous multimodality neuromonitoring suffering poor-grade aneurysmal SAH, cerebral metabolism and NO levels (determined as a sum of nitrite plus nitrate) were determined in cerebral microdialysate for 14 days following SAH. In additional ex vivo experiments, rat cortex homogenate was subjected to the NO concentrations determined in SAH patients to test whether these NO concentrations impair mitochondrial function (determined by means of high-resolution respirometry).

Results
NO levels showed biphasic kinetics with drastically increased levels during the first 7 days (74.5 ± 29.9 μM) and significantly lower levels thereafter (47.5 ± 18.7 μM; p = 0.02). Only during the first 7 days, NO levels showed a strong negative correlation with brain tissue oxygen tension (r = − 0.78; p < 0.001) and a positive correlation with cerebral lactate (r = 0.79; p < 0.001), pyruvate (r = 0.68; p < 0.001), glutamate (r = 0.65; p < 0.001), as well as the lactate-pyruvate ratio (r = 0.48; p = 0.01), suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. Ex vivo experiments confirmed that the increase in NO levels determined in patients during the acute phase is sufficient to impair mitochondrial function (p < 0.001). Mitochondrial respiration was inhibited irrespectively of whether glutamate (substrate of complex I) or succinate (substrate of complex II) was used as mitochondrial substrate suggesting the inhibition of mitochondrial complex IV. The latter was confirmed by direct determination of complex IV activity.

Conclusions
Exploratory analysis of our data suggests that during the acute phase of SAH, NO plays a key role in the neuronal damage impairing mitochondrial function and facilitating accumulation of mitochondrial substrate; further studies are required to understand mechanisms underlying this observation.
Do different cone beam computed tomography exposure protocols influence subjective image quality prior to and after root canal treatment?
Authors: Yeung Andy Wai Kan , Harper Basak , Zhang Chengfei , Neelakantan Prasanna , Bornstein Michael M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The current study aimed to evaluate different CBCT exposure protocols and influencing factors affecting the subjective image quality of scans taken for endodontic indications.

Materials and methods
Twelve extracted teeth, comprising of two sets of maxillary molars, premolars, canines and incisors, mandibular premolars, and molars, were endodontically treated, and either received a fiber or metal post. The teeth were scanned by CBCT imaging before and after root canal treatment, and after post insertion. Each scan was performed thrice, using an ultra low dose (ULD), standard (SM), and high-resolution mode (HR), respectively. Twelve observers—4 endodontists, 4 periodontists, and 4 radiologists—assessed the subjective image quality using visual analogue scales (VAS). Potential influencing factors were evaluated including acquisition mode, observer specialty, stage of treatment, type of post, and type of tooth, using one-way ANOVA and T test.

Results
Teeth scanned with the ULD had the highest average VAS score (72.5), followed by HR (70.2), and SM (69.0) for values pooled from all teeth and observers. CBCT acquisition mode was not a significant influencing factor on the VAS scores. Observer specialty, stage of treatment, type of post, and type of tooth were significant influencing factors.

Conclusions
Based on the present in vitro data, a low-dose CBCT mode seems not to negatively affect the perception of image quality.

Clinical relevance
The findings from this in vitro study demonstrate that a low-dose CBCT mode might have potential for diagnostics prior to or following endodontic treatment.
Long-term complications and implant survival rates after cranioplastic surgery: a single-center study of 392 patients
Authors: Giese Henrik , Meyer Jennifer , Unterberg Andreas , Beynon Christopher 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCranioplasty (CP) is a standard procedure in neurosurgical practice for patients after (decompressive) craniectomy. However, CP surgery is not standardized, is carried out in different ways, and is associated with considerable complication rates. Here, we report our experiences with the use of different CP materials and analyze long-term complications and implant survival rates. We retrospectively studied patients who underwent CP surgery at our institution between 2004 and 2014. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed in order to identify risk factors for the development of complications. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate implant survival rates. A total of 392 patients (182 females, 210 males) with a mean age of 48 years were included. These patients underwent a total of 508 CP surgeries. The overall complication rate of primary CP was 33.2%, due to bone resorption/loosening (14.6%) and graft infection (7.9%) with a mean implant survival of 120 ± 5 months. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that young age (< 30 years) (p = 0.026, OR 3.150), the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria (p = 0.045, OR 2.273), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt (p = 0.001, OR 3.137) were risk factors for postoperative complications. The use of titanium miniplates for CP fixation was associated with reduced complication rates and bone flap osteolysis as well as longer implant survival rates. The present study highlights the risk profile of CP surgery. Young age (< 30 years) and shunt-dependent hydrocephalus are associated with postoperative complications especially due to bone flap autolysis. Furthermore, a rigid CP fixation seems to play a crucial role in reducing complication rates.
What You Get is What You See: Other-Rated but not Self-Rated Leaders’ Narcissistic Rivalry Affects Followers Negatively
Authors: Fehn Theresa , Schütz Astrid 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIndividuals with high levels of narcissism often ascend to leadership positions. Whereas there is evidence that narcissism is linked to unethical behavior and negative social outcomes, the effects of leader narcissism on an organization’s most important resource—its employees—have not yet been studied thoroughly. Using theoretical assumptions of the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Concept (NARC) and social exchange theories, we examined how leaders’ narcissistic rivalry was related to follower outcomes in a sample of matched leaders and followers. Followers of leaders high in narcissistic rivalry reported less perceived supervisor support, lower quality leader-member relationships, lower performance-based self-esteem, and lower job engagement. These effects were only found when follower-rated leaders’ narcissistic rivalry was used in the model but not when self-rated leaders’ narcissistic rivalry was used as a predictor. This implies that the negative effects of leaders’ narcissistic rivalry on followers are driven by the expression of narcissistic tendencies (i.e., destructive leader behavior). Leader development should thus focus on changing destructive leader behavior. We propose that leaders high in narcissistic rivalry can be motivated to make such changes by showing them that by hurting their followers, they will eventually undermine their own reputation and status. Furthermore, selection and promotion practices should incorporate objective measures to weaken the effects of narcissists’ self-promotional tactics in these contexts and thus prevent people high in narcissistic rivalry from rising to leadership positions.
The PAX Good Behavior Game: One Model for Evolving a More Nurturing Society
Authors: Johansson Magnus , Biglan Anthony , Embry Dennis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the culture and components of the PAX Good Behavior Game and offers it as one model for how to enhance the well-being of populations through the diffusion of nurturing practices into several venues of society. The PAX components, also known as evidence-based kernels, are proposed to be useful in classrooms, families, organizations, criminal justice, and in improving public discussion and government. Kernels affect behavior in the short- and long-term through combinations of antecedents, reinforcers, relational networks, and physiological effects. Identifying common strategies, tools, and clear targets of change is suggested as a way to work towards evolving freely available evidence-based tools that can be combined to improve social conditions in multiple contexts.
From laboratory to field: applying the Fo47 biocontrol strain in potato fields
Authors: Constantin Maria E. , de Lamo Francisco J. , Rep Martijn , Takken Frank L. W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEndophytic microbes conferring biocontrol are an eco-friendly alternative to control diseases in crops. Unfortunately, the use of endophytes to control diseases is not yet widespread as their application in agricultural settings is challenging and the outcome variable. Translating strains that perform well under laboratory conditions to the field poses several challenges. One is large scale inoculum production in a cost-effective manner. Here, we developed a framework to scale up inoculum production of Fusarium oxysporum 47 (Fo47), assess inoculum viability and its performance in the field and effects on potato yield and performance. The Fo47 endophyte is a well-described biocontrol agent, isolated from disease suppressive soils in the 1980’s. Using mung bean medium, we could routinely produce ≈7 × 108 spores/mL. Using 60 mL of 107 spores/mL per tuber we could re-isolate the fungus 79 days after application from 60 to 70% of the inoculated plants in a large-scale potato field trial (Clenze, Germany). Furthermore, this protocol can be used to assess Fo47 biocontrol potential under field conditions. The presence of the fungus did not negatively affect plant yield or starch production and did not increase susceptibility to endemic pathogens.
Interaction Analysis as an Embodied and Interactive Process: Multimodal, Co-operative, and Intercorporeal Ways of Seeing Video Data as Complementary Professional Visions
Authors: Katila Julia , Raudaskoski Sanna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe analysis of video-recorded interaction consists of various professionalized ways of seeing participant behavior through multimodal, co-operative, or intercorporeal lenses. While these perspectives are often adopted simultaneously, each creates a different view of the human body and interaction. Moreover, microanalysis is often produced through local practices of sense-making that involve the researchers’ bodies. It has not been fully elaborated by previous research how adopting these different ways of seeing human behavior influences both what is seen from a video and how it is seen, as well as the way the interpretation of the data ultimately unfolds in the interaction between researchers. In this article, we provide a theoretical-methodological discussion of the microanalytic research process. We explore how it differs from “seeing” affect in interaction either as a co-operative and multimodal action or as an intercorporeal experience. First, we introduce the multimodal conversation analytic, co-operative, and intercorporeal approaches to microanalysis. Second, we apply and compare these practices to a video-recorded interaction of a romantic couple. Furthermore, we examine a video-recorded episode of us, the researchers, reflecting on our analytic observations about this interaction. We suggest that adopting a multimodal and co-operative perspective constructs affect as co-produced and displayed through observable action, while an intercorporeal perspective produces affect as an embodied and experienced phenomenon. While the former enables locating affect in a specific moment and identifiable body parts, the latter facilitates recognizing the experienced side of affect. These different modes of professional vision complement one another in capturing affect in interaction while being fundamentally used in local interactions between the researchers.
On Solvability of Integro-Differential Equations
Authors: De León-Contreras Marta , Gyöngy István , Wu Sizhou 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA class of (possibly) degenerate integro-differential equations of parabolic type is considered, which includes the Kolmogorov equations for jump diffusions. Existence and uniqueness of the solutions are established in Bessel potential spaces and in Sobolev-Slobodeckij spaces. Generalisations to stochastic integro-differential equations, arising in filtering theory of jump diffusions, will be given in a forthcoming paper.
How to run a sustainability science research group sustainably?
Authors: Plieninger Tobias , Fagerholm Nora , Bieling Claudia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRigorous sustainability science includes addressing pressing real-world problems, weaving multiple knowledge systems, and striving for transformative change. However, these key attributes of sustainability science often conflict with university structures and established academic work practices, for instance with regard to frequent long-distance travel. Such contradictions between key principles of sustainability and everyday practices are experienced by many researchers not only at university level, but also in their individual behaviors. To help resolve this widespread divergence, we present ten principles to foster the sustainability of a research group working in sustainability science, based on our personal experiences and experiments as research group leaders. These principles comprise: (1) monitor the environmental footprint, (2) foster learning and innovation, (3) reduce the environmental footprint, (4) nurture campus sustainability, (5) embrace sustainability in private life, (6) constructively deal with environmental anxiety, (7) design research projects for sustainability impact, (8) engage with stakeholders, (9) capitalize on sustainability teaching, and (10) recognize biases and limits. Applying sustainability principles in everyday research practices can provide important social tipping points that may trigger the spreading of new social norms and behaviors.
Applying a Precautionary Approach to Mobile Contact Tracing for COVID-19: The Value of Reversibility
Authors: Nijsingh Niels , van Bergen Anne , Wild Verina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic presents unprecedented challenges to public health decision-making. Specifically, the lack of evidence and the urgency with which a response is called for, raise the ethical challenge of assessing how much (and what kind of) evidence is required for the justification of interventions in response to the various threats we face. Here we discuss the intervention of introducing technology that aims to trace and alert contacts of infected persons—contact tracing (CT) technology. Determining whether such an intervention is proportional is complicated by complex trade-offs and feedback loops. We suggest that the resulting uncertainties necessitate a precautionary approach. On the one hand, precautionary reasons support CT technology as a means to contribute to the prevention of harms caused by alternative interventions, or COVID-19 itself. On the other hand, however, both the extent to which such technology itself present risks of serious harm, as well as its effectiveness, remain unclear. We therefore argue that a precautionary approach should put reversibility of CT technology at the forefront. We outline several practical implications.
COVID-19 and Contact Tracing Apps: Ethical Challenges for a Social Experiment on a Global Scale
Authors: Lucivero Federica , Hallowell Nina , Johnson Stephanie , Prainsack Barbara , Samuel Gabrielle , Sharon Tamar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMobile applications are increasingly regarded as important tools for an integrated strategy of infection containment in post-lockdown societies around the globe. This paper discusses a number of questions that should be addressed when assessing the ethical challenges of mobile applications for digital contact-tracing of COVID-19: Which safeguards should be designed in the technology? Who should access data? What is a legitimate role for “Big Tech” companies in the development and implementation of these systems? How should cultural and behavioural issues be accounted for in the design of these apps? Should use of these apps be compulsory? What does transparency and ethical oversight mean in this context? We demonstrate that responses to these questions are complex and contingent and argue that if digital contract-tracing is used, then it should be clear that this is on a trial basis and its use should be subject to independent monitoring and evaluation.
Pandemic Surveillance and Racialized Subpopulations: Mitigating Vulnerabilities in COVID-19 Apps
Authors: Hendl Tereza , Chung Ryoa , Wild Verina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDebates about effective responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have emphasized the paramount importance of digital tracing technology in suppressing the disease. So far, discussions about the ethics of this technology have focused on privacy concerns, efficacy, and uptake. However, important issues regarding power imbalances and vulnerability also warrant attention. As demonstrated in other forms of digital surveillance, vulnerable subpopulations pay a higher price for surveillance measures. There is reason to worry that some types of COVID-19 technology might lead to the employment of disproportionate profiling, policing, and criminalization of marginalized groups. It is, thus, of crucial importance to interrogate vulnerability in COVID-19 apps and ensure that the development, implementation, and data use of this surveillance technology avoids exacerbating vulnerability and the risk of harm to surveilled subpopulations, while maintaining the benefits of data collection across the whole population. This paper outlines the major challenges and a set of values that should be taken into account when implementing disease surveillance technology in the pandemic response.
Comparison of diffusion tube–measured nitrogen dioxide concentrations at child and adult breathing heights: who are we monitoring for?
Authors: Rowell Alex , Terry Michael E. , Deary Michael E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany towns and cities use passive samplers (diffusion tubes) to monitor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration. However, literature studies have shown large horizontal and vertical concentration gradients for diffusion tubes placed over short distances, raising concerns over the representativeness of monitoring locations. This study examines variations in NO2 concentrations with height at two roadside locations along a busy urban road in Newcastle upon Tyne (UK) over an 8-month period. NO2 concentrations were passively monitored at building facades (approximately 7.0 m from the roadside) at heights of 0.7 m, 1.7 m and 2.7 m to replicate child breathing height in prams and buggies, adult breathing height and the Newcastle City Council sampling height (for 2017), respectively. Paired t tests indicated that NO2 concentrations were significantly lower at 2.7 m (4.7% lower, n = 16, p = 0.001) and 1.7 m (7.1% lower, n = 14, p = 0.007) compared with those at 0.7 m. There was no statistically significant difference between NO2 concentrations measured at 2.7 m and 1.7 m, indicating that UK local authority practice of placing diffusion tubes at higher than adult breathing height does not result in underreporting of NO2 concentrations for regulatory purposes. The results have clear public health implications as they provide evidence that young children, in an urban setting and close to busy roadways, may be exposed to higher NO2 concentrations compared with adults in the same location. We have shown that such differences might not be adequately reflected in the monitoring data from municipal authorities.