bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Less ready for adulthood?—Turner syndrome has an impact on transition readiness
Authors: Culen Caroline , Herle Marion , Ertl Diana‐Alexandra , Fröhlich‐Reiterer Elke , Blümel Peter , Wagner Gudrun , Häusler Gabriele 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveYoung women with Turner syndrome (TS) are known to be at risk for loss to medical follow‐up. Recent literature indicates that there are disparities regarding transition readiness between different chronic conditions. So far, studies in young women with TS investigating their transition readiness compared to youths with other chronic conditions with no or minor neurocognitive challenges have not been reported.MethodsPatients (n = 52), 26 patients with Turner syndrome (mean age 17.24 ± 2.10) and 26 controls with type 1 diabetes or a rheumatic disease (mean age 17.41 ± 2.44), were recruited from specialized paediatric endocrine outpatient clinics. The Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire TRAQ‐GV‐15 was used to compare transition readiness scores between TS and controls. In addition, information on individual handling of the questionnaire was obtained. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric methods were used to analyse the data.ResultsSignificant differences for transition readiness scores were found between the two study groups. The global TRAQ‐GV‐15 score was significantly lower for females with TS. In particular, subscale 1 ‘autonomy’ of the TRAQ‐GV‐15 showed lower scores in patients with TS. Patients with TS needed significantly more help and more time to complete the questionnaire.ConclusionSpecial attention should be given to young women with Turner syndrome in the preparation for the transitional phase. By incorporating the assessment of transition readiness specialists will find it easier to identify underdeveloped skills and knowledge gaps in their patients. Unless a multidisciplinary young adult clinic is established, an older age than 18 years at transfer to adult endocrine care might be beneficial.
Practical Product Path Guiding Using Linearly Transformed Cosines
Authors: Diolatzis Stavros , Gruson Adrien , Jakob Wenzel , Nowrouzezahrai Derek , Drettakis George 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPath tracing is now the standard method used to generate realistic imagery in many domains, e.g., film, special effects, architecture etc. Path guiding has recently emerged as a powerful strategy to counter the notoriously long computation times required to render such images. We present a practical path guiding algorithm that performs product sampling, i.e., samples proportional to the product of the bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) and incoming radiance. We use a spatial‐directional subdivision to represent incoming radiance, and introduce the use of Linearly Transformed Cosines (LTCs) to represent the BSDF during path guiding, thus enabling efficient product sampling. Despite the computational efficiency of LTCs, several optimizations are needed to make our method cost effective. In particular, we show how we can use vectorization, precomputation, as well as strategies to optimize multiple importance sampling and Russian roulette to improve performance. We evaluate our method on several scenes, demonstrating consistent improvement in efficiency compared to previous work, especially in scenes with significant glossy inter‐reflection.
Kaposi sarcoma misdiagnosed as granuloma annulare: A case of mistaken identity
Authors: Aghazadeh Nessa , Bridges Alina G. , Camilleri Michael J. , Peters Margot S. , Comfere Nneka I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe microscopic features of patch stage Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and interstitial granuloma annulare (GA) may be difficult to differentiate, because both may exhibit a subtle “busy” dermis due to infiltration of spindled cells between collagen bundles. The clinical distinction is particularly challenging in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐affected individuals, as the incidence of GA appears to be greater in the HIV‐infected population. KS is the most common neoplasm in this population. Despite the significant decrease in the incidence of KS since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), KS tends to occur with late onset and indolent progression in patients with preserved immune function and minimal viral load. We present a 47‐year‐old homosexual HIV‐positive man, under virologic and immunologic control on long‐term HAART therapy, with a 5‐year history of progressive red‐brown patches and plaques on the legs, feet, hands, and trunk. Prior skin biopsy specimens were interpreted as interstitial GA. Histopathology on new skin biopsy specimens along with review specimens supported the diagnosis of plaque and patch stages of KS, respectively, supported by immunohistochemical expression of human herpes virus‐8 (HHV‐8). This case underscores the importance of maintaining a high suspicion for KS in progressive, treatment‐recalcitrant skin lesions, particularly in HIV‐infected individuals.
Distribution of cetacean species at a large scale ‐ Connecting continents with the Macaronesian archipelagos in the eastern North Atlantic
Authors: Correia Ana Mafalda , Gil Ágatha , Valente Raul Fonseca , Rosso Massimiliano , Sousa‐Pinto Isabel , Pierce Graham John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo describe distribution patterns and species richness of cetaceans along a wide geographical range using occurrence data coupled with survey effort, from poorly studied oceanic areas. Specific objectives were to compare species richness and relative abundances among sub‐regions and to describe the distribution of each species.LocationEastern North Atlantic.Time period2012–2017.Major taxa studiedCetacea.MethodsCetacean monitoring was performed by dedicated observers from cargo ships, used as platforms of opportunity, along routes between Iberian Peninsula, Macaronesia and north‐western Africa. We mapped relative abundance (encounter rates), survey effort and species richness. We examined the dependence of the number of sightings and species richness on survey effort. The area was divided into sub‐regions (according to the Exclusive Economic Zones and international waters), and relative abundances of the eight most frequently sighted species, as well as species richness, were compared among them. In addition, we describe the distribution of each species in relation to sea depth, distance to coast, latitude and longitude.ResultsA total of 1,989 sightings were logged, and 26 cetacean species were identified. Species richness and relative abundances of the eight most common species differed substantially between sub‐regions. Common and bottlenose dolphins distributed in shallow coastal waters contrasting with the oceanic distribution ofStenelladolphins. Cuvier's beaked whale and minke whale had similar distributions. Pilot and sperm whales were distributed in southern waters.Main conclusionsA considerable amount of survey effort was needed to attain reliable estimates of species richness. In less surveyed areas, species richness and abundance are likely to be underestimated. The offshore waters presented high species richness and several hotspots of cetacean abundance. This work provides new knowledge on cetacean distribution at a large scale in the eastern North Atlantic, relevant to future conservation management.
Assessing the usefulness of citizen science data for habitat suitability modelling: Opportunistic reporting versus sampling based on a systematic protocol
Authors: Henckel Laura , Bradter Ute , Jönsson Mari , Isaac Nick J. B. , Snäll Tord 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the potential of models based on opportunistic reporting (OR) compared to models based on data from a systematic protocol (SP) for modelling species distributions. We compared model performance for eight forest bird species with contrasting spatial distributions, habitat requirements and rarity. Differences in the reporting of species were also assessed. Finally, we tested potential improvement of models when inferring high‐quality absences from OR based on questionnaires sent to observers.LocationBoth datasets cover the same large area (Sweden) and time period (2000–2013).MethodsSpecies distributions were modelled using logistic regression. Predictive performance of OR models to predict SP data was assessed based on AUC. We quantified the congruence in spatial predictions using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. We related these results to species characteristics and reporting behaviour of observers. We also assessed the gain in predictive performance of OR models by adding inferred absences. Finally, we investigated the potential impact of sampling bias in OR.ResultsFor all species, and despite the sampling biases, results from OR overall agreed well with those of SP, for the nationwide spatial congruence of habitat suitability maps and the selection and directions of species–environment relationships. The OR models also performed well in predicting the SP data. The predictive performance of the OR models increased with species rarity and even outperformed the SP model for the rarest species. No significant impact of observer behaviour was found.Main conclusionsRelatively simple analyses with inferred absences could produce reliable spatial predictions of habitat suitability. This was especially true for rare species. OR data should be seen as a complement to SP, as the weakness of one is the strength of the other, and OR may be especially useful at large spatial scales or where no systematic data collection protocols exist.
Hand–arm bimanual intensive therapy and daily functioning of children with bilateral cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Figueiredo Priscilla R P , Mancini Marisa C , Feitosa Aline M , Teixeira Claudia M M F , Guerzoni Vanessa P D , Elvrum Ann‐Kristin G , Ferre Claudio L , Gordon Andrew M , BrandÃo Marina B 
Published: July 2020

AimTo examine the efficacy of Hand–Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy (HABIT) on daily functioning, unimanual dexterity, and bimanual performance of children with bilateral cerebral palsy (CP) compared with customary care.MethodForty‐one children with bilateral CP, aged 4 to 16 years, classified in levels I to III of the Manual Ability Classification System, were randomly assigned to HABIT (90h) (n=21) or to customary care (4.5h) (n=20). Participants’ daily functioning (Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory [PEDI], Canadian Occupational Performance Measure [COPM]), unimanual dexterity (Jebsen–Taylor Test of Hand Function, Box and Blocks Test [BBT]), and bimanual performance (Both Hands Assessment) were assessed pre‐, post‐, and 6 months after the intervention. Linear mixed‐effects models were used for inferential analysis.ResultsChildren participating in HABIT showed greater improvements in daily functioning (COPMperformance: =9.50, p<0.01; COPMsatisfaction: =5.07, p<0.05; PEDIfunctional skills: =6.81, p<0.01; PEDIcaregiver assistance: =6.23, p<0.05) and in the dexterity of the dominant hand (BBT: =3.99, p<0.05) compared with children maintaining customary care. Group or time effects did not explain any variance in bimanual performance or in the dexterity of the non‐dominant hand.InterpretationHABIT may be beneficial for children with bilateral CP, with benefits evidenced for daily functioning outcomes.What this paper adds

Hand–Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy (HABIT) improved daily functioning of children with bilateral cerebral palsy (CP).

Bimanual performance, measured by the Both Hands Assessment, did not change after HABIT in children with bilateral CP.

Children with asymmetric and symmetric hand use exhibited similar improvements after HABIT.
Normal insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, gut incretin and pancreatic hormone responses in adults with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Gether Lise , Thyssen Jacob P. , Gyldenløve Mette , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens J. , Foghsgaard Signe , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo examine whether adults with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) had reduced insulin sensitivity and/or exhibited other gluco‐metabolic disturbances compared with carefully matched healthy controls.Materials and methodsSixteen adult, non‐obese, non‐diabetic patients with mild to moderate AD and 16 gender‐, age‐ and body mass index (BMI)‐matched healthy controls underwent a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp (insulin infusion rate: 40 mU/m2/minute) and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with frequent blood sampling for gut and pancreatic hormones.ResultsThe two groups were similar in age (33 ± 3 vs. 33 ± 3 years, mean ± standard error of the mean [SEM]), gender (56% women), BMI (24.5 ± 0.7 vs. 24.4 ± 0.7 kg/m2), physical activity level, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c. Patients with AD had a mean Eczema Area and Severity Index score of 8.5 ± 1.0 (moderate disease) and a mean AD duration of 28 ± 3 years. During the OGTT, circulating glucose, insulin, C‐peptide, glucagon and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, respectively, were similar in the two groups, except glucagon‐like peptide‐1, which was higher in patients with AD. The clamp showed no differences in insulin sensitivity between groups (M‐value 9.2 ± 0.6 vs. 9.8 ± 0.8, P = .541, 95% CI −1.51; 2.60), or circulating insulin, C‐peptide and glucagon levels.ConclusionsUsing OGTT and the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp technique, we found no difference in insulin sensitivity or other gluco‐metabolic characteristics between patients with mild to moderate AD and matched healthy controls, suggesting that the inflammatory skin disease AD has little or no influence on glucose metabolism.
Diastolic strain time as predictor for systolic dysfunction among patients with active breast cancer
Authors: Hochstadt Aviram , Arnold Joshua , Rosen Roni , Sherez Chen , Sherez Jack , Mor Liat , Derakhshesh Matthew , Moshkovits Yonatan , Merdler Ilan , Arbel Yaron , Kapusta Livia , Rozenbaum Zach , Topilsky Yan , Laufer‐Perl Michal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough diastolic dysfunction is common among patients treated with cancer therapy, no clear evidence has been shown that it predicts systolic dysfunction. This study evaluated the correlation of diastolic strain time (Dst) with the routine echocardiography diastolic parameters and estimated its role in the early detection of cardiotoxicity among patients with active breast cancer.MethodsData were collected as part of the Israel Cardio‐Oncology Registry (ICOR), a prospective registry enrolling all adult patients referred to the cardio‐oncology clinic. All patients with breast cancer, planned for Doxorubicin therapy, were included. Echocardiography, including global longitudinal systolic strain (GLS) and Dst, was assessed at baseline before chemotherapy (T1), during Doxorubicin therapy (T2) and after the completion of Doxorubicin therapy (T3). Cardiotoxicity was determined by GLS relative reduction of ≥15%. Dst was assessed as the time measured (ms) of the myocardium lengthening during diastole.ResultsAmong 69 patients, 67 (97.1%) were females with a mean age of 52 ± 13 years. Dst was significantly associated with the routine diastolic parameters. Significant GLS reduction was observed in 10 (20%) patients at T3. Both in a univariate and a multivariate analyses, the change in Ds basal time from T1 to T2 emerged to be significantly associated with GLS reduction at T3 (P < .04).ConclusionsAmong breast cancer patients, Dst showed high correlation to the routine diastolic echocardiography parameters. Change in Ds basal time emerged associated with clinically significant systolic dysfunction as measured by GLS reduction.
Nitric oxide increases gain in the ventral cochlear nucleus of guinea pigs with tinnitus
Authors: Hockley Adam , Berger Joel I. , Palmer Alan R. , Wallace Mark N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious work has led to the hypothesis that, during the production of noise‐induced tinnitus, higher levels of nitric oxide (NO), in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), increase the gain applied to a reduced input from the cochlea. To test this hypothesis, we noise‐exposed 26 guinea pigs, identified evidence of tinnitus in 12 of them and then compared the effects of an iontophoretically applied NO donor or production inhibitor on VCN single unit activity. We confirmed that the mean driven firing rate for the tinnitus and control groups was the same while it had fallen in the non‐tinnitus group. By contrast, the mean spontaneous rate had increased for the tinnitus group relative to the control group, while it remained the same for the non‐tinnitus group. A greater proportion of units responded to exogenously applied NO in the tinnitus (56%) and non‐tinnitus groups (71%) than a control population (24%). In the tinnitus group, endogenous NO facilitated the driven firing rate in 37% (7/19) of neurons and appeared to bring the mean driven rate back up to control levels by a mechanism involving N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. By contrast, in the non‐tinnitus group, endogenous NO only facilitated the driven firing rate in 5% (1/22) of neurons and there was no facilitation of driven rate in the control group. The effects of endogenous NO on spontaneous activity were unclear. These results suggest that NO is involved in increasing the gain applied to driven activity, but other factors are also involved in the increase in spontaneous activity.
Comparing two theories about the nature of soil phosphate
Authors: Barrow N. J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo theories about the nature of phosphate in soil are current. One holds that soil phosphate is mostly present as particles of iron, aluminium and calcium phosphates: the precipitate‐particulate theory. The other holds that phosphate is mostly adsorbed and penetrates heterogeneous, variable‐charge particles: the adsorption‐penetration theory. This is the only theory that is consistent with and can be deduced from observations. It is my contention that the persistence of the precipitate‐particulate theory leads to: wasted research effort in trying to identify the supposed phosphate fractions; failure to recognize the long‐term changes in soil phosphate due to repeated applications, and thus to over‐fertilisation; and misapprehension about the effects of pH on phosphate availability.
Internet‐Based Proctored Assessment: Security and Fairness Issues
Authors: Langenfeld Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has accelerated the shift toward online learning solutions necessitating the need for developing online assessment solutions. Vendors offer online assessment delivery systems with varying security levels designed to minimize unauthorized behaviors. Combating cheating and securing assessment content, however, is not solely the responsibility of the delivery system. Assessment design practices also effectively minimize cheating and protect content. In developing online assessment solutions, organizations also must strive to ensure that all students have the opportunity to test.
Parameter reductions in N‐soft sets and their applications in decision‐making
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Ali Ghous , Alcantud José C. R. , Fatimah Fatia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParameter reduction is an important operation for improving the performance of decision‐making processes in various uncertainty theories. The theory of N‐soft sets is emerging as a powerful mathematical tool for dealing with uncertainties beyond the standard formulation of the soft set theory. In this research article, we extend the notion of parameter reduction to N‐soft set theory, and we also justify its practical calculation. To this purpose, we define related theoretical concepts (e.g. N‐soft subset, reduct N‐soft set and redundant parameter) and examine some of their fundamental properties. Then, we argue that the idea of attributes reduction from the rough set theory cannot be employed in the N‐soft set theory in order to reduce the number of parameters. Consequently, we take an original position in order to adequately define and compute parameter reductions in N‐soft sets. Finally, we develop an application of parameter reduction of N‐soft sets.
Parent–Emerging‐Adult‐Child Attachment and Overparenting
Authors: Jiao Jian , Segrin Chris 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between parent–child attachment and overparenting during emerging adulthood.BackgroundOverparenting, a form of developmentally inappropriate parenting that features parental over‐involvement and autonomy‐constraining behavior, has been found to relate to a variety of negative child outcomes; however, there is currently a great need for research that attempts to explain why parents engage in overparenting.MethodCross‐sectional data were collected from 213 parent–emerging‐adult‐child dyads. Parents completed questionnaires assessing attachment toward their child and overparenting. Emerging‐adult children completed questionnaires assessing attachment toward their parent.ResultsMultiple regression results showed parents' attachment anxiety with their children positively predicted overparenting, and parents' attachment avoidance negatively predicted overparenting. Additionally, a positive association was observed between children's attachment avoidance with their parents and overparenting.ConclusionOverall, the results show that parents were practicing overparenting largely as a function of their own attachment needs rather than their child's attachment characteristics.ImplicationsThe results indicate that those who engage in overparenting may in fact be regulating their own affect as opposed to considering their emerging‐adult child's developmental needs.
Secondary School Success in Times of Parental Divorce
Authors: Baert Stijn , Van der Straeten Greet 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveWe investigated how educational performance during secondary education evolves in the years before, during, and after parental divorce.BackgroundTheoretical models predict different divorce effect patterns in the school year of the divorce and in the years around it. However, we are not aware of any existing studies attempting to measure this pattern.MethodThe study was based on unique panel data capturing parental divorce and school results for 2,685 Belgian pupils. We employed this panel to correct for time‐invariant, unobservable drivers of educational performance, as well as to take into account time‐variant unobserved drivers.ResultsThe results indicate that the divorce penalty peaks in the school year of the divorce. A zero treatment effect in the preceding and subsequent years cannot be rejected. Moreover, simpler econometric strategies tended to overestimate the divorce penalty.ConclusionOur findings are mostly in line with the parental adjustment and life stress theories. From a policy perspective, we suggest that it is essential to support children in the months before and after parental divorce, while special treatment in later years may be less necessary.
Thermodynamic entropy as a marker of high‐cycle fatigue damage accumulation: Example for normalized SAE 1045 steel
Authors: Teng Zhenjie , Wu Haoran , Boller Christian , Starke Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA nondestructive thermographic methodology is utilized to determine the fracture fatigue entropy for evaluating the fatigue damage in metals within the high‐cycle fatigue regime. Thermodynamic entropy is shown to play an important role in the fatigue process to trace the fatigue damage as an irreversible degradation of a metallic material being subjected to cyclic elastic‐plastic loading. This paper presents a method to evaluate fatigue damage in the normalized SAE 1045 steel being based on the concept of thermodynamic entropy and its nonlinearities. The procedure looks to be applicable to constant and load increase tests proven by experiments.