bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward COVID-19 among Indian Residents during the Verge of Lockdown Restrictions: A Quick Online Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Ponnam Hima Bindu , Akondi Butchi Raju , Jagadabhi Santosh Kumar , Rompicherla Kiranmayee G.R. , Chakali Bharathi , Mohammed Irfan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction Prodigious restrictions and safety measures have been adopted by the government to control the spread of wildfire coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in India. However, the effective implementation of these measures depends upon the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the people. In this context, a cross-sectional online survey of a sample of Indian residents for assessing their KAP toward COVID-19 has been taken up during the verge of lockdown restrictions.
Methods A self-developed online KAP questionnaire consisted of 21 questions related to clinical treatment and prevention aspects of COVID-19 including the safety measures completed by the participants. Assessments on their attitudes and practices toward COVID-19 included the confidence of people to overcome this pandemic and adapting safety measures such as wearing mask while going out in recent days.
Results and Discussion A sample of 1,043 participants participated in this online survey. The overall correct rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 90%. More than half of the respondents (53.3%) had confidence that India can win the battle against COVID-19. All the participants believed that Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) systems of medicine that are the rich heritage of India would be helpful in combating the viral illness (95.4%). Nearly all the participants (99%) wore masks when going out in recent days. In multiple logistic regression analyses, the COVID-19 knowledge score was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of negative attitudes and preventive practices toward COVID-19.
Conclusion The Indian residents showed good knowledge toward COVID-19 and this in turn helped them to hold optimistic attitudes and have appropriate practices toward COVID-19. More community-based health education program strategies if aimed would help further. The limitation of sample representativeness restricts to generalize the findings to population of rural areas with low socioeconomic status.
A Comparative Retrospective Analysis of Tension Band Wiring and 3.5 mm Precontoured Plate Used for Fixation of Chevron Osteotomy in Type C Distal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Nayak Mayur , Yadav Rahul , Batra Sahil , Sharma Vijay , Farooque Kamran , Maredupaka Siddhartha 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction Complex distal humerus fractures are rare and difficult to treat and traditionally requires an open reduction and internal fixation via a transolecranon approach. However, controversy remains regarding the better method of fixation of the chevron osteotomy. The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical efficacy of tension band wiring (TBW) and 3.5 mm precontoured plate in treating the chevron osteotomy.
Materials and Methods A consecutive series of 49 patients who required olecranon osteotomy for type C distal humerus fractures were identified and grouped according to the construct used. Clinic–radiological evaluation was done at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. A total of 34 males and 15 females with a mean age of 36.9 ± 12.64 years (18–62 years) were included in the study. Surgical duration, range of motion, Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), and complications were noted at the follow-up.
Results The mean range of motion was initially lower in the plate group (105 degrees ± 9.9 in plate, 107 degrees ± 9.15 in TBW) that subsequently increased at 6 months. The forearm rotation was similar in both the groups. The mean MEPS was found to be higher in the plate group at 2 years (81.83 ± 5.85 in plate, 77.76 ± 8.02 in TBW). A significantly higher rate of complications, that is, nonunion (p = 0.03), loss of reduction (p = 0.03), and revision (p = 0.04) was observed in the TBW group. However, other complications such as symptomatic hardware, wound complication, and removal of hardware were found to be higher in the plate group.
Conclusion Both TBW and 3.5 mm precontoured plate provide comparable functional outcomes; however, the complication rate in terms of nonunion, loss of reduction, and revision is seen in the TBW, whereas wound complication and symptomatic hardware are more commonly seen in the plate.
Nonequilibrium models of optimal enhancer function
Authors: Grah Rok , Zoller Benjamin , Tkačik Gašper 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Simple biophysical models successfully describe bacterial regulatory code, by predicting gene expression from DNA sequences that bind specialized regulatory proteins. Analogous simple models fail in multicellular organisms, where regulatory proteins bind DNA very transiently, yet, nevertheless, effect precise control over gene expression. To date, the more general, “nonequilibrium” models have proven difficult to analyze and connect to data. Here, we reduce this complexity theoretically, by constructing simple nonequilibrium models which perform optimal gene regulation within known experimental constraints.
Unit-lapse versions of the Kerr spacetime
Authors: Baines Joshua , Berry Thomas , Simpson Alex , Visser Matt 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Kerr spacetime is perhaps the most astrophysically important of the currently known exact solutions to the Einstein field equations. Whenever spacetimes can be put in unit-lapse form it becomes possible to identify some very straightforward timelike geodesics, (the ‘rain’ geodesics), making the physical interpretation of these spacetimes particularly clean and elegant. The most well-known of these unit-lapse formulations is the Painlevé–Gullstrand form of the Schwarzschild spacetime, though there is also a Painlevé–Gullstrand form of the Lense–Thirring (slow rotation) spacetime. More radically there are also two known unit-lapse forms of the Kerr spacetime—the Doran and Natário metrics—though these are not precisely in Painlevé–Gullstrand form. Herein we shall seek to explicate the most general unit-lapse form of the Kerr spacetime. While at one level this is ‘merely’ a choice of coordinates, it is a strategically and tactically useful choice of coordinates, thereby making the technically challenging but astrophysically crucial Kerr spacetime somewhat easier to deal with. While in the current article we focus on the ‘rain’ geodesics, it should be noted that the explicit unit-lapse metrics we present are also useful for looking at other more complicated geodesics in the Kerr spacetime.
Micro-machined stent flow sensor for detecting breathing and heartbeat from airflow in airway of rat
Authors: Noma Hayato , Hasegawa Yoshihiro , Matsushima Miyoko , Kawabe Tsutomu , Shikida Mitsuhiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We developed a stent flow sensor using micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology in order to measure airflow in the airways of laboratory animals. An airflow waveform contains a respiration signal produced by lung motion and heartbeats as these functions are physically connected. This enables both respiration and heart functions to be evaluated under unrestrained and unanesthetized conditions during drug development. Using MEMS technology, we fabricated a tube flow sensor based on a thermal principle, and the stent structure was produced by photolithography and wet etching. The fabricated flow sensor and stent were integrated via a connection area on both elements. In the proof-of-concept trial, we verified that the flow sensor was placed in the center of the tube by expanding the stent. We evaluated the flow detection characteristics, sensor output vs flow rate and sensor response and used the developed stent flow sensor to measure the airflow in the airway of a rat. The respiration and heartbeat signals were successfully identified from the airflow waveform by applying Fourier transform analysis.
Influence of transition group elements on the stability of the γ″-phase in nickelbase alloys
Authors: Bäker Martin , Rösler Joachim 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alloy 718-type wrought nickel-based superalloys are the materials of choice for many high temperature applications. They are strengthened by the γ″-phase that forms small precipitates with a large lattice distortion. However, at temperatures above 650 °C, this phase may transform to the thermodynamically stable δ-phase. It is therefore important to understand the influence of alloying elements on the stability of these phases. In this paper, density functional theory calculations at 0 K are performed to determine the effect of aluminium and of the transition group elements on the stability and the lattice parameters of the γ″-phase. It is shown that the substitution energy is mainly determined by two parameters, the charge transfer and the change in the lattice constant. Solution energies are compared to those in the δ-phase and some conclusions for the design of 718-type alloys are drawn.
Optical quantum yield in plasmonic nanowaveguide
Authors: Singh Mahi R , Brassem Grant , Yastrebov Sergey 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We have developed a theory of the quantum yield for plasmonic nanowaveguide where the cladding layer is made of an ensemble of quantum dots and the core layer consists of an ensemble of metallic nanoparticles. The bound states of the confined probe photons in the plasmonic nanowaveguide are calculated using the transfer matrix method based on the Maxwell equations. It is shown that the number of bound states in the nanowaveguide depends on the dielectric properties of the core and cladding layers. The surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) produced by the metallic nanoparticles interacts with the excitons of the quantum dots. The radiative and nonradiative linewidths of excitons in the quantum yield are calculated using the quantum mechanical perturbation theory. We have found that the quantum yield decreases as the dipole–dipole interaction between metallic nanoparticles increases. We have also calculated the photoluminescence and found that the enhancement in photoluminescence is due to the SPPs coupling. On the other hand, the quenching in the photoluminescence is due to the quantum yield. We compared our theory with experiments of a nanowaveguide where the core is fabricated from Ag- nanoparticles and the cladding is fabricated from the perovskite quantum dots. A good agreement between theory and experiments is found. Our analytical expressions of the quantum yield and photoluminescence can be used by experimentalists to proforma new types of experiments and for inventing new types of nanosensors and nanoswitches.
Electron–optical-phonon scattering rates in cubic group III-nitride crystals: path-integral corrections to Fermi golden rule matrix elements
Authors: Singh Ramji , Dutta Mitra , Stroscio Michael A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
III-nitride semiconductors with a cubic crystal structure have shown promise in enhancing efficiency in photonic and optoelectronic applications. The recent interest in cubic III-nitrides has arisen due to the inability to realize enhanced efficiency in optoelectronic applications of the wurtzite phase due to spontaneous polarization effects, crystal defects due to growth on lattice mismatched substrates, and also due to the requirement to fabricate normally-off transistors for high-mobility transistors. Cubic III-nitride materials are characterized by the strong coupling of carriers to optical phonons in which the standard perturbative approach—based on first order perturbation theory—breaks down. In this paper we determine the necessary corrections to the Fermi golden rule electron–optical-phonon matrix elements for selected cubic III-nitrides via the nonperturbative Thornber–Feynman path-integral techniques. Specifically, we report electron transport parameters such as the threshold electric field, threshold velocity, mobility and runaway length for BN, AlN, GaN and InN. 72.10.Di, 72.15.Lh, 72.80.Ey.
Number-resolved preparation of mesoscopic atomic ensembles
Authors: Hüper A , Pür C , Hetzel M , Geng J , Peise J , Kruse I , Kristensen M , Ertmer W , Arlt J , Klempt C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The analysis of entangled atomic ensembles and their application for interferometry beyond the standard quantum limit requires an accurate determination of the number of atoms. We present an accurate fluorescence detection technique for atoms that is fully integrated into an experimental apparatus for the production of many-particle entangled quantum states. Number-resolved fluorescence measurements with single-atom accuracy for 1 up to 30 atoms are presented. According to our noise analysis, we extrapolate that the single-atom accuracy extends to a limiting atom number of 390(20) atoms. We utilize the accurate atom number detection for a number stabilization of the laser-cooled atomic ensemble. For a target ensemble size of 7 atoms prepared on demand, we achieve a 92(2)% preparation fidelity and reach number fluctuations 18(1) dB below the shot noise level using real-time feedback on the magneto-optical trap.
Linear instability of charged massless scalar perturbation in regularized 4D charged Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet anti de-Sitter black holes *
Authors: Liu Peng , Niu Chao , Zhang Cheng-Yong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study the linear instability of the charged massless scalar perturbation in regularized 4D charged Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-AdS black holes by exploring their quasinormal modes. We find that the linear instability is triggered by superradiance. The charged massless scalar perturbation becomes more unstable with increasing Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant or black hole charge. Decreasing the AdS radius, on the other hand, will make the charged massless scalar perturbation more stable. The stable region in parameter space (α, Q, Λ) is given. Moreover, we find that the charged massless scalar perturbation is more unstable for larger scalar charge. The modes of multipoles are more stable than that of the monopole.
Measurement of the 27Al+ and 87Sr absolute optical frequencies
Authors: Leopardi Holly , Beloy Kyle , Bothwell Tobias , Brewer Samuel M , Bromley Sarah L , Chen Jwo-Sy , Diddams Scott A , Fasano Robert J , Hassan Youssef S , Hume David B , Kedar Dhruv , Kennedy Colin J , Leibrandt David R , Ludlow Andrew D , McGrew William F , Milner William R , Nicolodi Daniele , Oelker Eric , Parker Thomas E , Robinson John M , Romisch Stefania , Sherman Jeff A , Sonderhouse Lindsay , Yao Jian , Ye Jun , Zhang Xiaogang , Fortier Tara M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We perform absolute measurement of the 27Al+ single-ion and 87Sr neutral lattice clock frequencies at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and JILA at the University of Colorado against a global ensemble of primary frequency standards. Over an eight month period multiple measurements yielded the mean optical atomic transition frequencies

ν

Al

+

=
1

121

015

393

207

859.50

(

0.36

)

Hz and ν
Sr = 429 228 004 229  873.19(0.15) Hz, where the stated uncertainties are dominated by statistical noise and gaps in the observation interval (‘dead-time’ uncertainty).
Search for exotic states in photoproduction at GlueX
Authors: Hamdi Abdennacer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Understanding the hadron spectrum is one of the primary goals of non-perturbative QCD. Many predictions have been experimentally confirmed, but others remain under experimental investigation. Of particular interest is how gluonic excitations give rise to states with constituent glue. One class of such states are hybrid mesons that are predicted by theoretical models and Lattice QCD calculations. Searching for and understanding the nature of these states is a primary physics goal of the GlueX experiment at the CEBAF accelerator at Jefferson Lab in the US. We will give an overview of the experiment, and present the status of the search for a hybrid meson candidate, Y(2175).
Model checking games and a genome sequence search
Authors: Staroletov S M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper is considered a concept of model checking games to solve algorithmic puzzles. We describe current approaches in this field and move to a game between a user and a software model checker with the goal to provide a solution to a problem, encoded in a transition system and an LTL formula with a requirement. We show how to encode and solve some problems using this approach. Then we move to the problem of searching a pattern in a genome sequence. We implement the Z-function search method in Promela, construct the model, provide the input of real viral data, and then play a model checking game with SPIN verifier. We created a fuzzy substring search method using the non-deterministic choice operator. Based on experiments we made, we discuss that the problem to find a pattern with some deviations is only solvable using the swarm verification and hash compact methods.
Design of PD-type second-order ILC law for PMSM servo position control
Authors: Riaz Saleem , Lin Hui , Bilal Anwar Muhammad , Ali Haider 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An iterative learning control method is better to control the high-order nonlinear strong coupling and external disturbances in the permanent magnet synchronous motor position servo system. This paper proposes a second-order P.D. type iterative learning control strategy, which can effectively achieve the optimal tracking control algorithm. By using the generalization of the Young inequality of convolution, the Lebesgue-p norm is obtained under the adequate condition that the tracking error converges monotonously. Furthermore, the convergence rate of second-order iterative learning control is compared, and it is proved by the mathematical knowledge that second-order iterative learning control is much better than a first-order iterative learning control under satisfactory conditions. Simulation results show that the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is better than that of the traditional method, and the error of the iterative learning control strategy is smaller but with higher accuracy.
Change of quantum correlation for two simultaneously accelerated observers
Authors: Li Yue , Pan Yongjie , Zhang Baocheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The influence of Unruh effect on the quantum and classical correlation of a quantum entangled state is investigated, when one or two of the observers are accelerated. It is found that the quantum and classical correlation would approach to a finite value with the increase of the acceleration when only one observer is accelerated, but they would decrease to zero quickly when two observers are accelerated. The latter result implies that the gravitational field would break the correlation obviously when the acceleration is caused by the gravitational field. Thus, when the two observers stay in the gravitational field, the quantum or classical correlation would not easy to be preserved for a long time.
Qualitative research on the relationship between spindle vibration characteristics and bearing thermal load
Authors: Zhang Leilei , Xuan Jianping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The dynamic performance of machine tool is one of the most important factors affecting the machining accuracy. As the core part of machine tool, the dynamic performance of spindle directly determines the performance of machine tool. In this paper, the spindle of machine tool is taken as the research object, and the change of fit clearance between bearing inner and outer rings, rotating shaft and bearing seat caused by spindle bearing heat, and its influence on the stiffness of spindle system are analyzed. Based on Timoshenko beam theory and finite element method, this paper qualitatively analyzes the variation characteristics of spindle stiffness caused by bearing overheating and grease lubrication failure during high-speed machining.
Design and test of porosity testing apparatus for granular materials
Authors: Mai Zhiwei , Wang Biying 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of porosity measurement of granular materials, on the basis of equation of state of ideal gas and gas displacement method, a rapid measurement apparatus for porosity of granular materials with constant volume was studied and an automatic detection control system was developed. Within measurement range of 0.1∼ 0.4 MPa, the standard stainless-steel spheres, plastic quadrangular prisms, cobblestones and fine gravels with different shapes accurately measurable were adopted, and it was found that the higher the inflation pressure of the system, the smaller the measurement error and the better the repeatability. Using standard stainless-steel sphere and cylinder with porosity of 16.02%, 25.14%, 35.57%, 49.05%, 58.42%, 67.79%, 76.57%, 85.36% and 94.14% respectively, the formula of compensation coefficient was given. The measurement error was 0.3%, which proved the reliability of the measurement results.
Research on influencing factors of injection capacity in cycle steam stimulation process with horizontal well in Bohai oilfield
Authors: Liu Quangang , Wang Hongshen , Ren Lei , Zhong Liguo , Liu Yigang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the proportion of heavy oil production has been increasing. Cycle steam stimulation (CSS in short) is the prevailing technology for the development of heavy oil reservoirs and has made a great contribution to the development of heavy oil. However, the current research on the factors affecting the steam injection capacity of CSS heavy oil reservoirs and the degree of influence of each factor is insufficient. Oil recovery and heat utilization efficiency are poor, especially in the oil fields with poor reservoir conditions and severe heterogeneity. In this paper, the reservoir geological model of the Bohai oilfield was established, and the CSS development was predicted. The problems in the development process of CSS in Bohai oilfield were pointed out. Then, laboratory experiments were carried out to study the steam absorption law of CSS heavy oil reservoirs in consideration of reservoir permeability, steam injection rate, steam injection temperature and crude oil viscosity. The result showed that higher formation permeability and steam injection temperature could improve oil displacement efficiency; higher steam injection rate would reduce oil displacement efficiency. Finally, the influence rules of different injection-production parameters were clarified to shed some lights on the efficient exploitation of heavy oil reservoirs.
Experimental investigation on the injection profile variation in the weak gel injection process
Authors: Zhao Peng , Han Yugui , Meng Xianghai , Yuan Yujing , Zhang Xiaoran , Zhong Liguo , Yu Zewen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the gel-forming performance and rheological properties of weak gel systems were studied through laboratory gel-forming experiments. The plugging behavior and mechanism of the weak gel system for sand-packed tubes with different permeability were evaluated. The results showed that intramolecular cross-linking was dominated when the polymer concentration was low and the viscosity increased litter after gelation. Intermolecular cross-linking plays a major role when the polymer concentration is high. The injection speed has a great influence on the resistant factor (RF in short) of the weak gel. During low-speed injection, the weak gel has a large amount of retention on the surface of the rock particles, resulting the high viscosity of the weak gel. The RF during low-speed injection is much higher than that in high-speed injection and it keeps increasing as the injection volume increase. The impact of the injection rate on RF of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is significantly lower than weak gels, because the retention of HPAM in the sand-packed tube reaches a stable level, the RF remains basically unchanged.