bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between malnutrition and cognitive impairment in an elderly Chinese population: an analysis based on a 7‐year database
Authors: Yu Wuhan , Yu Weihua , Liu Xintong , Wan Tianchi , Chen Chenxi , Xiong Lei , Zhang Wenbo , Lü Yang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to elucidate whether malnutrition is associated with cognitive impairment in an older Chinese population.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 2365 participants aged 60 years or older from January 2013 to September 2019. Nutritional status was measured by using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA‐SF). Cognitive function was assessed with the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). The relationship between malnutrition or each Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form domain and cognitive impairment was examined with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of malnutrition, risk of malnutrition, and cognitive impairment was 5.54%, 33.45%, and 36.74%, respectively. The prevalence was higher in those 80 years and older: 7.88%, 40.75%, and 53.65%, respectively. The Mini‐Mental State Examination score was positively correlated with the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form score (r = 0.364, P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, gender, education, marital status, and living alone, malnutrition (odds ratio (OR) = 3.927, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.650–5.819), anorexia (OR = 1.454, 95%CI: 1.192–1.774), weight loss (OR = 1.697, 95%CI: 1.406–2.047), impaired mobility (OR = 4.156, 95%CI: 3.311–5.218), and psychological stress (OR = 1.414, 95%CI: 1.070–1.869) were significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the prevalence of malnutrition and cognitive impairment is relatively high and increases with age. Malnutrition, anorexia, weight loss, impaired mobility, and psychological stress are significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Therefore, clinicians should assess the nutritional and cognitive status of the elderly regularly to improve early detection and timely intervention.
On a New Nonlinear Reduced-Order Model for Capturing Internal Resonances in Intentionally Mistuned Cyclic Structures
Authors: Quaegebeur Samuel , Chouvion Benjamin , Thouverez Fabrice , Berthe Loic 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cyclic structures such as turbomachinery present material and geometrical variations between sectors. These discrepancies are called mistuning and break the cyclic symmetry of the structure. Computing the forced response of mistuned cyclic structures is thus a numerical challenge. The component nonlinear complex mode synthesis (CNCMS) is one of the few nonlinear reduced-order model (ROM) formulations that allow to compute the nonlinear response of tuned and mistuned structures. It has been validated successfully for friction problems. However, in the presence of geometric nonlinearities, internal resonances may arise and they cannot be captured correctly with the CNCMS method. The purpose of this work is therefore to present a new methodology for developing a nonlinear ROM that can successfully capture internal resonances for tuned and mistuned structures. This method, called component mode synthesis with nonlinear reevaluation (CMSNR), is based on a variation of the CNCMS approach. The final modal synthesis uses a multiharmonic procedure and a reevaluation of the nonlinear forces on each sector independently. The performance and limitations of the proposed approach are assessed using a simplified example of a blisk subject to polynomial nonlinearities. Different internal resonances are exhibited and studied depending on the type of excitation force and on the level of mistuning.
Comparison of Response Amplitude Operator Curve Generation Methods for Scaled Floating Renewable Energy Platforms in Ocean Wave Basin
Authors: O’Donnell Deirdre , Murphy Jimmy , Pakrashi Vikram 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResponse amplitude operator (RAO) curves are commonly employed to assess the dynamic behavior of floating offshore structures in the frequency domain. There are multiple methods used to obtain RAOs for numerical models, scaled physical models, and full-scale tests. While for numerical modeling many studies detail the precise methods used, the literature around experimental RAO curves often do not detail them or leave methodological information incomplete. There exists inadequate experimental evidence in assessing the differences in results obtained by following different RAO generation methods from scaled physical testing. This paper addresses this gap by comparing two most popular RAO generation methods: the energy spectra (ES) and the cross spectral auto spectra (CSAS) method. These are experimentally compared on scaled semisubmersible and spar-buoy platforms in an ocean wave basin. Differences of heave and pitch RAOs generated by different methods are investigated. A method for reasonably collating multiple tests to create a representative RAO is also presented. RAO amplitudes vary significantly and how they decay off beyond certain frequencies is dependent on the method adopted to create them. This variation can be a source of significant uncertainty for floating structures for further analysis, design, control, or repair. Some RAOs (e.g., pitch) are sensitive to scaling and should be considered when converting scaled tests to full-scale equivalent. Detailing methods of RAO generation and comparing approaches of developing them can be important for crucial decisions from scaled physical testing of floating structures at design/development stages.
Flow-Controlled Spray Cooling Approaches for Dynamic Thermal Management
Authors: Bostanci Huseyin , Yata Vishnu V. R. , Kaluvan Suresh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Two-phase spray cooling is considered as one of the most promising thermal management techniques characterized by high heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and critical heat flux (CHF), as well as near-uniform temperatures on target surface. Normally, spray cooling systems feature steady flow rate and continuous spray, and are designed to satisfy the maximum expected heat load. However, if the heat load varies due to operating conditions, such as cold starts and pulsing power cycles, a spray cooling system uses excessive coolant most of the time, and causes low cooling efficiencies because of lower utilization of phase-change heat transfer and higher pumping power. This study aimed to investigate variable and intermittent flow spray cooling characteristics for dynamic thermal management. Variable flow spray cooling scheme requires control of pump input voltage (or speed), and intermittent flow spray cooling scheme requires control of solenoid valve duty cycle and frequency. Tests were conducted on a closed-cycle system with HFE-7100 dielectric coolant at varying liquid flow rate and subcooling conditions, and using smooth and enhanced heat transfer surfaces. Results, compared to a baseline performance from steady flow case, indicated that the variable flow spray cooling conditions achieve similar cooling performance at low and moderate heat fluxes, while the intermittent flow spray conditions result in high temperature penalty and much lower CHF.
First line drug treatment for hypertension and reductions in blood pressure according to age and ethnicity: cohort study in UK primary care
Authors: Sinnott Sarah-Jo , Douglas Ian J , Smeeth Liam , Williamson Elizabeth , Tomlinson Laurie A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
To study whether treatment recommendations based on age and ethnicity according to United Kingdom (UK) clinical guidelines for hypertension translate to blood pressure reductions in current routine clinical care.

Design
Observational cohort study.

Setting
UK primary care, from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2017.

Participants
New users of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), and thiazides.

Main outcome measures

Change in systolic blood pressure in new users of ACEI/ARB versus CCB, stratified by age (<
v
≥55) and ethnicity (black
v
non-black), from baseline to 12, 26, and 52 week follow-up. Secondary analyses included comparisons of new users of CCB with those of thiazides. A negative outcome (herpes zoster) was used to detect residual confounding and a series of positive outcomes (expected drug effects) was used to determine whether the study design could identify expected associations.

Results
During one year of follow-up, 87 440 new users of ACEI/ARB, 67 274 new users of CCB, and 22 040 new users of thiazides were included (median 4 (interquartile range 2-6) blood pressure measurements per user). For non-black people who did not have diabetes and who were younger than 55, CCB use was associated with a larger reduction in systolic blood pressure of 1.69 mm Hg (99% confidence interval −2.52 to −0.86) relative to ACEI/ARB use at 12 weeks, and a reduction of 0.40 mm Hg (−0.98 to 0.18) in those aged 55 and older. In subgroup analyses using six finer age categories of non-black people who did not have diabetes, CCB use versus ACEI/ARB use was associated with a larger reduction in systolic blood pressure only in people aged 75 and older. Among people who did not have diabetes, systolic blood pressure decreased more with CCB use than with ACEI/ARB use in black people (reduction difference 2.15 mm Hg (−6.17 to 1.87)); the corresponding reduction difference was 0.98 mm Hg (−1.49 to −0.47) in non-black people.

Conclusions
Similar reductions in blood pressure were found to be associated with new use of CCB as with new use of ACEI/ARB in non-black people who did not have diabetes, both in those who were aged younger than 55 and those aged 55 and older. For black people without diabetes, CCB new use was associated with numerically greater reductions in blood pressure than ACEI/ARB compared with non-black people without diabetes, but the confidence intervals were overlapping for the two groups. These results suggest that the current UK algorithmic approach to first line antihypertensive treatment might not lead to greater reductions in blood pressure. Specific indications could be considered in treatment recommendations.
Association between behavioural risk factors for chronic liver disease and transient elastography measurements across the UK: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Oztumer Ceyhun Aksel , Chaudhry Rayhan Mehmood , Alrubaiy Laith 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveChronic liver disease (CLD) is a largely preventable condition with increasing burden on National Health Service resources. We aimed to determine the prevalence of behavioural risk factors for CLD and their association with liver stiffness and socioeconomic status in the UK.DesignIn this cross-sectional study, adults aged ≥18 years were invited to complete a liver health screener and have a liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography (TA) to screen for alcohol intake, obesity and viral hepatitis risk across different areas in the UK. Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) scores were used as a measure of socioeconomic status. We performed binary logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, alcohol consumption, body mass index, diet and viral hepatitis risk to determine the factors associated with LSM and IMD.ResultsWe analysed the data from 2150 individuals across 25 UK areas. Of those, 24.1% had high-risk alcohol consumption, 29.6% had high-risk diets, 24.7% were obese and 32.7% had risk factors for viral hepatitis. LSMs were available for 1043 participants, of which 16.2% were ≥7 kPa. Independent predictors of an LSM≥7 kPa were an age≥40 years (OR, 1.986; 95% CI, 1.280 to 3.081), male gender (OR, 1.599; 95% CI, 1.128 to 2.266), obesity (OR, 2.526; 95% CI, 1.383 to 4.614) and high-risk diet (OR, 2.197; 95% CI, 1.000 to 4.826). Five-unit increases in IMD score were an independent predictor of obesity (OR, 1.110; 95% CI, 1.028 to 1.200), but not high-risk alcohol consumption (p=0.88) or viral hepatitis risk (p=0.05).ConclusionsWe identified a high prevalence of risk factors for CLD, most of which are addressable through raising public awareness to inculcate healthy habits. More studies are needed to assess longitudinal outcomes of liver screening using TA, accounting for societal factors and comorbidities, to help inform resource allocation and policy-making in the future.
Plasmodium falciparum resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Africa: a systematic analysis of national trends
Authors: Amimo Floriano , Lambert Ben , Magit Anthony , Sacarlal Jahit , Hashizume Masahiro , Shibuya Kenji 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe rising burden of drug resistance is a major challenge to the global fight against malaria. We estimated national Plasmodium falciparum resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) across Africa, from 2000 to 2020.MethodsWe assembled molecular, clinical and endemicity data covering malaria-endemic African countries up to December 2018. Subsequently, we reconstructed georeferenced patient data, using pfdhps540E and pfdhps581G to measure mid-level and high-level SP resistance. Gaussian process regression was applied to model spatiotemporal standardised prevalence.ResultsIn eastern Africa, mid-level SP resistance increased by 64.0% (95% uncertainty interval, 30.7%–69.8%) in Tanzania, 55.4% (31.3%–65.2%) in Sudan, 45.7% (16.8%–54.3%) in Mozambique, 29.7% (10.0%–45.2%) in Kenya and 8.7% (1.4%–36.8%) in Malawi from 2000 to 2010. This was followed by a steady decline of 76.0% (39.6%–92.6%) in Sudan, 65.7% (25.5%–85.6%) in Kenya and 17.4% (2.6%–37.5%) in Tanzania from 2010 to 2020. In central Africa, the levels increased by 28.9% (7.2%–62.5%) in Equatorial Guinea and 85.3% (54.0%–95.9%) in the Congo from 2000 to 2020, while in the other countries remained largely unchanged. In western Africa, the levels have remained low from 2000 to 2020, except for Nigeria, with a reduction of 14.4% (0.7%–67.5%) and Mali, with an increase of 7.0% (0.8%–25.6%). High-level SP resistance increased by 5.5% (1.0%–20.0%) in Malawi, 4.7% (0.5%–25.4%) in Kenya and 2.0% (0.1%–39.2%) in Tanzania, from 2000 to 2020.ConclusionUnder the WHO protocols, SP is no longer effective for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy and infancy in most of eastern Africa and parts of central Africa. Strengthening health systems capacity to monitor drug resistance at subnational levels across the endemicity spectrum is critical to achieve the global target to end the epidemic.
What people share about the COVID-19 outbreak on Twitter? An exploratory analysis
Authors: Karmegam Dhivya , Mapillairaju Bagavandas 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe recent outbreak of respiratory illness caused by COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, has received global attention as it has infected thousands of individuals there, and later it has also been reported from other countries internationally. This study aims at performing an exploratory study on Twitter to understand the information shared among the community regarding the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsCOVID-19 related tweets were collected from Twitter using keywords from 18 January to 25 January 2020. Top-ranking tweets were taken as samples and then categorised based on the content. Expressions or opinion tweets were analysed qualitatively to understand the mindset of the people regarding the outbreak. Theme wise reachability evaluation of the messages was also performed.ResultsBased on the content of the tweets, five themes were evolved: (1) general information; (2) health information; (3) expressions; (4) humour and (5) others. 57.42% of messages are general information followed by expressive tweets (24.12%). Humorous messages were liked the most, whereas health information tweets were retweeted the maximum. Fear was the predominant emotion expressed in the messages.ConclusionThe results of the study would be useful to focus on the dissemination of the right information and effective communication on Twitter related to health and outbreak management.
Trajectories of fatigue in actively treated patients with established rheumatoid arthritis starting biologic DMARD therapy
Authors: Provan Sella Aarrestad , Michelsen Brigitte , Sexton Joseph , Uhlig Tillmann , Hammer Hilde Berner 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo define fatigue trajectories in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who initiate biological DMARD (bDMARD) treatment, and explore baseline predictors for a trajectory of continued fatigue.MethodsOne-hundred and eighty-four patients with RA initiating bDMARDs were assessed at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months. Swollen and tender joint counts, patient reported outcomes (PROMs), blood samples and ultrasound examinations were collected at each time point. Fatigue was assessed by the fatigue Numeric Rating Scale (0–10) from the Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of Disease (RAID) questionnaire. Clinically significant fatigue was predefined as fatigue ≥4. Three trajectories of interest were defined according to level of RAID fatigue: no fatigue (≤3 at 5/6 visits), improved fatigue (≥4 at start, but ≤3 at follow-up) and continued fatigue (≥4 at 5/6 visits). Baseline variables were compared between groups by bivariate analyses, and logistic regression models were used to explore baseline predictors of continued vs improved fatigue.ResultsThe majority of patients starting bDMARD therapy followed one of three fatigue trajectories, (no fatigue; n=61, improved; n=33 and continued fatigue; n=53). Patients with continued fatigue were more likely to be anti–citrullinated protein antibody and/or rheumatoid factor positive and had higher baseline PROMs compared to the other groups, while there were no differences between the groups for variables of inflammation including. Patient global, tender joint count and anxiety were predictors for the continued fatigue trajectory.DiscussionA trajectory of continued fatigue was determined by PROMs and not by inflammatory RA disease activity.
Testing Liquid Distribution in a Vane-Type Propellant Tank under Conditions of Microgravity Using a Drop Tower Test
Authors: Liu Jintao , Li Yong , Li Wen , Zhai Hua , Chen Lei 
Published: November 2020

Propellant management devices (PMDs) are a key component used to manage liquid propellant in a propellant tank under zero gravity conditions. A microgravity drop tower test system was established to investigate the performance of a PMD. A single module was used for the experiments, and the microgravity level was less than

3
×

10

−
3

g

. Anhydrous ethanol was used as the simulate liquid. Different volume fractions of liquid were used to study the influence of the PMD on performance management. Experiments were conducted with the position of the container oriented in different directions. Changes in the gas-liquid interface were studied during the test. This kind of vane transports liquid through the rectangular area between the vane and the wall. The velocity flows along the vane of different liquid volume fractions in the tank were different at the beginning (

t
<
0.8

s

) compared with the end of the test. The liquid relocation time was less than 0.8 s while the liquid volume fraction was larger than 25%. The liquid relocation time was prolonged when the liquid volume fraction was less than 25%. The liquid climbing height along the vane under microgravity increased as the volume fraction of liquid reduced. The climbing velocity of the liquid is half reduction when the liquid volume fraction is small. The time for the liquid transferred from the top of the tank to the liquid outlet can be obtained by climbing velocity. It shows that the maneuverability of the satellite decreases at the end of its life. The above results are applicable to all propellant tank with vertical vanes. These results provide a favorable reference for further optimized design of vertical vane-type propellant tanks.
Hmox1 (Heme Oxygenase-1) Protects Against Ischemia-Mediated Injury via Stabilization of HIF-1α (Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α)
Authors: Dunn Louise L. , Kong Stephanie M.Y. , Tumanov Sergey , Chen Weiyu , Cantley James , Ayer Anita , Maghzal Ghassan J. , Midwinter Robyn G. , Chan Kim H. , Ng Martin K.C. , Stocker Roland 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
Hmox1 (heme oxygenase-1) is a stress-induced enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme to carbon monoxide, iron, and biliverdin. Induction of Hmox1 and its products protect against cardiovascular disease, including ischemic injury. Hmox1 is also a downstream target of the transcription factor HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α), a key regulator of the body’s response to hypoxia. However, the mechanisms by which Hmox1 confers protection against ischemia-mediated injury remain to be fully understood.

Approach and Results:

Hmox1 deficient (
Hmox1
–/–
) mice had impaired blood flow recovery with severe tissue necrosis and autoamputation following unilateral hindlimb ischemia. Autoamputation preceded the return of blood flow, and bone marrow transfer from littermate wild-type mice failed to prevent tissue injury and autoamputation. In wild-type mice, ischemia-induced expression of Hmox1 in skeletal muscle occurred before stabilization of HIF-1α. Moreover, HIF-1α stabilization and glucose utilization were impaired in
Hmox1
–/–
mice compared with wild-type mice. Experiments exposing dermal fibroblasts to hypoxia (1% O
2
) recapitulated these key findings. Metabolomics analyses indicated a failure of
Hmox1
–/–
mice to adapt cellular energy reprogramming in response to ischemia. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibition stabilized HIF-1α in
Hmox1
–/–
fibroblasts and ischemic skeletal muscle, decreased tissue necrosis and autoamputation, and restored cellular metabolism to that of wild-type mice. Mechanistic studies showed that carbon monoxide stabilized HIF-1α in
Hmox1
–/–
fibroblasts in response to hypoxia.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that Hmox1 acts both downstream and upstream of HIF-1α, and that stabilization of HIF-1α contributes to Hmox1’s protection against ischemic injury independent of neovascularization.
Singapore Convention on Mediation: Should Iran Follow the Position of Qatar?
Authors: Abrishami Ali Moghaddam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Following the recent accession of Qatar, the United Nation Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation (Singapore Convention on Mediation) will come into force on 12 September 2020. As a Signatory State, Iran is assessing whether to ratify the Singapore Convention. This article illustrates and discusses the challenges and opportunities that Iran and Qatar may face in light of the Singapore Convention. The main focus of this article is on problems facing Iran in relation to the possible ratification of the Singapore Convention. Finally, it determines whether Iran would benefit from the possible implementation. It concludes that, while Qatar may benefit from joining the Singapore Convention, the possible ratification of the Convention in Iran will lead to more challenges than opportunities. For the purpose of developing international commercial mediation in Iran, the UNCITRAL Model Law on Mediation will be an appropriate alternative.
The Need to Re-examine the Route of Pre-emption Law in the Sudan: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Ismail Hafiz Gaffar Ibrahim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article examines the concept of pre-emption rights in the Sudan, in particular, the origin, nature and domain of the principle by making four key arguments. Firstly, it argues that, although the doctrine is maintained and applied as a part of Muslim law, it is also applied between Muslims and non-Muslims as equity and good conscience rule rather than as a part of Muslim personal law. Secondly, it presupposes that the doctrine of pre-emption has its roots in Islamic law, although it is not ‘exclusive’ to Islamic systems. Thirdly, it suggests that the tendency to adopt Islamic theory as a sole reason for implementing the doctrine, sometimes led to judicial debates; for example, the question arose to whether this right existed in favour of a lease holder. Finally, Islamic theory leaves the question open as to whether pre-emptive rights exist in the domain of movable property.