bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Media Framing Of Abortion Content on Kenyan Television: A Qualitative Study Protocol
Authors: Kafu Catherine , Ligaga Dina , Wachira Juddy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Media framing of abortion messages is an emerging field of research. However, little is known about how the news media frames abortion messages aimed at influencing adolescents’ reproductive health choices. This study therefore seeks to investigate the framing of abortion in TV news items on three leading Kenyan TV outlets over a period of 3 years, understand Kenyan journalists’ perceptions and experiences with abortion coverage, and to examine adolescents’ perceptions and experiences with abortion coverage on Kenyan televised news media. Methods: This qualitative study which will be conducted in two sites-Nairobi and Uasin Gishu counties-in Kenya will purposively sample abortion news items from three leading media outlets aired between January 2016 to December 2019, for content analysis. Additionally, 12 journalists (9 reporters, 3 news editors) will be purposively sampled for Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) on journalist framing of abortion messages. Finally, convenience sampling will be used to select approximately 48 university-going adolescents for four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)-2 female, 2 male- aimed at examining adolescents’ perceptions and experiences with abortion coverage in the broadcast news media. The KIIs and FGDs will be audio-recorded, transcribed and translated. These data will be analyzed thematically.Discussion: This study moves beyond interrogating only media items to further exploring framing from the perspectives of media consumers and investigations in the process behind production of abortion messages. The study interrogates abortion messages aimed at younger demographics such as adolescents as well as the gendered differences of the effects of these abortion messages, an area barely explored. The study findings will be informative to those who wish to develop media that could be used to promote safe abortion as well as advocate for sexual reproductive health rights, especially among adolescents.
Transit Time Flow Measurement Predicts Graft Patency in Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Upon 5-Year Angiographic Follow-up
Authors: zeng caiwu , Li Xiaomi , Dai Yan , Zhou Ye , Li Chenglong , Liu Nan , Wang Jiangang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: This retrospective study sought to evaluate the efficacy of transit time flow measurement (TTFM) as a means of predicting bypass graft patency as assessed by coronary artery angiography (CAG) upon 5-year follow-up. Method: Of 311 patients undergone isolated off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery from January 2014 through December 2014, 202 (65%) underwent both intraoperative TTFM and angiography at follow-up. 610 grafts, 202 left internal mammary artery grafts and 408 saphenous vein grafts were checked. Any grafts that exhibited Fitzgibbon type B or O lesions upon angiographic evaluation were considered to be failing. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the optimal TTFM values for predicting graft patency. Results: A total of 610 grafts were included in this analysis, including 202 LIMA grafts and 408 SV grafts, of which 107, 129, 129, and 43 anastomosed to DIAG, OM, PDA, and PLA, respectively. LIMA, DIAG, OM, PDA, and PLA bypass grafts had overall patency rates of 95.0%, 74.8%, 73.6%, 71.5%, and 74.4%, respectively, upon 5-year follow up. No significant differences in TTFM values (MGF, PI, and DF) were observed when comparing outcomes associated with individual or sequential SV grafting. MGF was found to be predictive of graft failure regardless of the target vessel (P<0.05). While PI was found to predict LIMA, OM, and PDA graft failure (P<0.05), it was not associated with the failure of grafts associated with DIAG and PLA vessels. Similarly, DF was found to predict OM and PDA graft failure (P<0.05), but was not significantly associated with the failure of grafts associated with LIMA, DIAG, or PLA vessels.Conclusion: LIMA bypass grafts were associated with better 5-year graft patency relative to SV bypass grafts. Similar graft patency rates were observed for both individual and sequential bypass grafts. TTFM was able to predict bypass graft failure in patients that underwent off-pump CABG surgery, with MGF cut-off values for LIMA, DIAG, OM, PDA, and PLA grafts being 14.5 mL/min, 14.5 mL/min, 14.5 mL/min, 13.5 mL/min, and 16.5 mL/min, respectively.
Aberrant Feeding Artery Mutilation Treatment of Pulmonary Sequestration: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Yukang , Han Wei , Wang Ruoyao , Xiao Peng , Hu Yan , Yu Fenglei , Liu Wenliang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital pulmonary pulmonary malformation. In this study, we reported a case of PS treated with aberrant feeding artery mutilation in our center.Case Presentation: A 29 –year-old female patient presented to our center in March 2020 due to repeated hemoptysis for more than 15 years, she received CTA examination which showed an aberrant feeding artery from the thoracic aorta into the left lower lobe of the lung and was therefore diagnosed with left lower lung pulmonary sequestration. Given that she complained with no infectious symptoms, she was treated with thoracoscopic feeding artery mutilation in June 2020 . She and experienced an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged 2 days postoperatively. On the postoperative follow-up of 4 months, thise patient’s physical condition was excellent and free of any symptoms such as hemoptysis or cough.Conclusion: Surgery is still the first choose for the treatment of PS. When pulmonary lesion is small-sized,for PS patients with non-infectious symptoms, aberrant feeding artery mutilation can be attempted as an alternative to intravascular technology for the treatment of PS. Future large studies are required to further verify its long-term efficacy and scope of application.
Analysis of the Comparative Occurrence of Salmonella Typhimurium and Its Monophasic Variant (4,[5],12:i:-) in Healthy and Clinically Ill Pigs in Northern Italy
Authors: D'Incau Mario , Salogni Cristian , Giovannini Stefano , Ruggeri Jessica , Scali Federico , Tonni Matteo , Formenti Nicoletta , Guarneri Flavia , Pasquali Paolo , Alborali Giovanni Loris 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The serovar Typhimurium (4,[5],12:i:1,2), is the most frequently isolated serovar in case of illness in pigs in Europe and its monophasic variant (4,[5],12:i:-) has been increasingly responsible for Salmonella outbreaks in humans. A total of 29,549 samples were collected, during the years 2002–2017, from 1,359 pig farms located in Northern Italy. Samples were collected from different material sources including fecal samples, gut content and different organs.
Results
Salmonella was isolated in 16.94% of samples and, among the isolates, 733 were typed as Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) or its monophasic variant (MST). Over time, there was a progressive increase of isolation of MST which outnumbered ST. Most of the strains were isolated in animals during the weaning stage and the growing – fattening period whereas the clinical cases were mainly present in young pigs after weaning.
Conclusion
This study confirms the role of pig as a source of ST and its monophasic variant MST. In the last few years, ST has been progressively replaced by MST suggesting that MST has a competitive advantage over ST, probably due to its reduced virulence which renders the infection stealthier to recognize and control.
Space-making particle therapy for unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Hashimoto Yu , Komatsu Shohei , Terashima Kazuki , Tsugawa Daisuke , Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Suga Masaki , Demizu Yusuke , Tokumaru Sunao , Okimoto Tomoaki , Sasaki Ryohei , Ajiki Tetsuo , Fukumoto Takumi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Although the primary treatment option for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) has been surgical resection, most patients present with unresectable advanced tumors at the time of diagnosis. Particle therapy (PT) holds a great potential for HC, even though the anatomical proximity to the gastrointestinal tract prevents delivering a radical dose to the tumor. Space-making PT (SMPT), consisting of spacer placement surgery and subsequent PT, has been developed to minimize complications and maximize the therapeutic benefit of dose escalation for HC. This study aimed to conduct a dosimetric evaluation and examine the effectiveness of SMPT for the treatment of HC.
Methods
Between 2007 and 2018, 12 patients with unresectable HC treated with SMPT were enrolled. The treatment outcomes and effectiveness of spacer placement surgery were evaluated through analyses of pre- and post- surgical parameters of dose volume histograms.
Results
All patients completed the planned SMPT protocol. The median survival time was 29.6 months, and the 1- and 3-year overall survival rates were 82.5% and 45.8%, respectively. The mean V95% value (volume irradiated with 95% of the planned treatment dose) of the gross tumor volume and clinical target volume after spacer placement surgery improved to 98.5% and 96.6% from preoperative values of 85.6% and 78.1%, respectively (p = 0.0196 and p = 0.0053 respectively). Grade 3 or higher adverse events after SMPT were seen in 6 patients.
Conclusions
SMPT led to improvements in dosimetric parameters and showed good feasibility and excellent outcomes. SMPT can be a promising novel alternative for unresectable HC.
Radiation-induced heart energy metabolism dysfunction leads to heart fibrosis
Authors: Xu Peng , Yi Yali , Luo Yijing , Liu Zhicheng , Xu Yilin , Cai Jing , Huang Long , Zeng Zhimin , Liu Anwen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Thoracic radiotherapy increases the risk of radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD), but its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. We aimed to explore the effects of radiation on the mouse heart using high-throughput proteomics. An RIHD mouse model was established by exposing the whole heart to 16 Gy high-energy X-rays, and cardiac injuries were verified by cardiac echocardiogram, serum BNP, HE and Masson staining 5 months after irradiation. Proteomics experiments were performed using the whole heart tissue of the irradiated mice and the control mice not exposed to irradiation. The proteomics data were subjected to bioinformatics analysis, and they indicated that irradiated mouse hearts showed alterations in cardiac fibrosis and energy metabolism proteins. Then, we confirmed the cardiac fibrosis and energy metabolism changes by IHC staining and WB analysis. Extracellular matrix proteins such as Col1a1, Col3a1, Vimentin and CTGF, along with metabolism-related proteins such as Fans and Slc25a1, were overexpressed after exposure to ionizing radiation. Additionally, myocardial mitochondria inner membranes presented with injury, ATP declined and lactic acid accumulated in the irradiated heart tissues. This study suggests that high doses of ionizing radiation lead to structural remodeling, functional injury and fibrosis alterations in the mouse heart. Radiation-induced mitochondrial damage and metabolic alterations of the cardiac tissue may be one of the pathogenic mechanisms of RIHD.
Delphi consensus on strategies in the management of opioid-induced constipation in cancer patients
Authors: Sarrió Regina Gironés , Calsina-Berna Agnès , García Adoración Gozalvo , Esparza-Miñana José Miguel , Ferrer Esther Falcó , Porta-Sales Josep 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a frequent and bothersome adverse event related with opioid therapy in cancer patients. Despite the high prevalence, medical management of OIC is often uncertain. The current project aimed to investigate expert opinion on OIC management and provide practical recommendations to improve the clinical approach of OIC in cancer patient.Methods: A modified Delphi method was conducted involving 46 different physicians experts in OIC. Using a structured questionnaire of 67 items this project intended to seek consensus on aspects related to diagnosis, treatment, and quality of life of cancer patients suffering with OIC.Results: After two rounds, a consensus was reached in 91% of the items proposed, all in agreement. Agreement was obtained on OIC definition (95.7%). Objective and patient-reported outcomes included in that definition should be assessed routinely in clinical practice. Responsive to symptom changes and easy-to-use assessment tools were recommended (87.2%). Successful diagnosis of OIC requires increase clinicians awareness of OIC and proactivity to discuss symptoms with their patients (100%). Successful management of OIC requires individualization of the treatment (100%), regular revaluation once is established, and keeping it for the duration of opioid treatment (91.5%). Oral Peripherally Acting µ-Opioid Receptor Agonists (PAMORAs), were considered good alternatives for the treatment of OIC in cancer patients (97.9%). This drugs and laxatives can be co-prescribed if OIC coexist with functional constipation.Conclusions: The panelists, based on their expert clinical practice, presented a set of recommendations for the management of OIC in cancer patients.
Modified Talk Test: A randomised cross-over trial investigating the comparative utility of two “Talk Test” for determining aerobic training zones in overweight and obese patients
Authors: Orizola-Cáceres Ignacio , Cerda-Kohler Hugo , Burgos-Jara Carlos , Meneses-Valdes Roberto , Gutierrez-Pino Rafael , Sepulveda Carlos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: to validate the traditional talk test (TTT) and an alternative talk test (ATT; using a visual analog scale) in overweight/obese (OW-OB) patients and to establish its accuracy in determining the aerobic training zones.Methods: We recruited 19 subjects aged 34.9 ± 6.7 years, diagnosed with overweight/obesity (BMI 31.8 ± 5.7). Every subject underwent incremental cycloergometric tests for maximal oxygen consumption, and TTT in a randomized order. At the end of each stage during the TTT each subject read out loud a 40 words text and then had to identify the comfort to talk in two modalities: TTT which consisted in answering “Yes”, “I don’t know” or “No” to the question Was talking comfortable?, or ATT through a 1 to 10 numeric perception scale (visual scale analog: VAS). The magnitude of differences was interpreted in comparison to the smallest worthwhile change and was used to determine agreement.Results: Agreement between the power output at the VAS 2-3 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) (very likely equivalent; mean difference -1.3 Watts (W), 90 % confidence limit (CL) (-8.2; 5.6), % chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.7/99.1/0.2 %). Also, there was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 6-7 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2) (very likely equivalent; mean difference 11.1 W, 90 % CL (2.8; 19.2), % chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.0/97.6/2.4 %). Conclusions: ATT is a tool to determine exercise intensity and to establish aerobic training zones for exercise prescription in OW-OB patients.
Family achievements in struggling with schizophrenia: life experiences in a qualitative content analysis study in Iran
Authors: darban fatemeh , Mehdipour_Rabori Roghayeh , Farokhzadian Jamileh , Nouhi Esmat , Sabzevari Sakineh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The challenges of living with and taking care of a patient with schizophrenia can lead to positive changes depending on the experiences and reactions of family caregivers. Such changes may directly affect the family performance and the patient's recovery stage. Present study aimed to explain the positive experiences reported by family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.Methods: The present study is a qualitative study of content analysis. Data were collected using semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 15 family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia referring to one of the psychiatric hospitals in Zahedan, Southeast part of Iran. Purposive sampling method was applied and data analysis was conducted using conventional content analysis proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: Data analysis created a theme entitled “family achievements in struggling with schizophrenia”. This theme included four categories including Developing positive personality traits in family members, Strengthening family ties, developing insight into the life, and social mobility.Conclusions: The results provided insights that the experience of taking care of patients with schizophrenia led to positive consequences for family caregivers. Thus, it is recommended that psychiatrists or consultants help families rely on positive experiences and share these experiences with families with a newly-suffered patient.
The effect of atorvastatin on inflammatory markers in sulfur mustard gas induced bronchitis; a randomized double-blinded, placebo-control clinical trial
Authors: Momeni Behrooz , Nazer Saeed , Masoompour Seyed Masoom , Geramizadeh Bita , Sajadi Seyed Vahid 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: This study was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of atorvastatin in patients with chronic bronchitis, exposed to sulfur mustard gas. Methods: In this randomized double-blinded clinical trial we recruited patients with chronic bronchitis after exposure to sulfur mustard gas. Ninety men 45-75 years old diagnosed with chronic bronchitis after exposure to mustard gas during the Iran-Iraq war, were randomly assigned to receive either atorvastatin (40 mg) or placebo once a day for 3 months. The interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), procalcitonin, highly sensitive CRP and COPD assessment test (CAT) score was compared at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results: After consuming atorvastatin for 12 weeks, IL-6 level (mean difference [95%CI]; 0.2[-0.05, 0.5]), TNF-α(mean difference [95%CI]; -0.07[-0.2, 0.07]), high sensitive CRP(mean difference [95%CI] -0.1[-1.2, 0.9]), and procalcitonin (mean difference [95%CI]; 0.003[-0.02, 0.03]) did not change significantly. However, in the placebo group, only IL-6 (mean difference [95%CI]; 0.6[0.2, 1.05]) decreased significantly after 12 weeks, but levels of high sensitive CRP (mean difference [95%CI]; -0.3[-1.4, 0.8]) TNF-α (mean difference [95%CI]; -0.2[-0.34, -0.06]) and procalcitonin (mean difference [95%CI]; 0.02[-0.001, 0.04]) did not change significantly. After 12 weeks, the mean differences in TNF- α, IL-6 level, high sensitive CRP, procalcitonin, and CAT score did not significantly differ between the two groups. Conclusions: The administration of 40 mg atorvastatin for 3 months did not significantly change the inflammatory markers or the quality of life of patients exposed to mustard gas with chronic bronchitis.Trial registration: IRCT, IRCT138904144312N1. Registered 16 August 2014, https://en.irct.ir/trial/4577
A comparison of the bilateral decompression via unilateral approach versus conventional approach transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disease in the elderly
Authors: Huang Yifan , Chen Jian , Gao Peng , Gu Changjiang , Fan Jin , Hu Zhiyi , Cao Xiaojian , Yin Guoyong , Zhou Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Bilateral decompression via unilateral approach(BDUA) is an effective surgical approach for treating lumbar degenerative diseases.However, no studies of prognosis, especially the recovery of the soft tissue, have reported using BDUA in an elderly population.The aims of these research were to investigate the early efficacy of the bilateral decompression via unilateral approach versus conventional approach transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(TLIF)for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disease in the patients over 65 years of age, especially in the perioperative factors and the recovery of the soft tissue. Methods: The clinical data from 61 aging patients with lumbar degenerative disease who received surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed. 31 cases who received the lumbar interbody fusion surgery with bilateral decompression via unilateral approach (BDUA) were compared with 30 cases who received conventional approach transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. The radiographic parameters were measured using X-ray including lumbar lordosis angle and fusion rate. Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index（ODI）scores were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes at different time points. Fatty degeneration ratio and area of muscle/vertebral body were used to detect recovery of soft tissue. Results: The BDUA approach group was found to have significantly less intraoperative blood loss(p<0.05) and postoperative drainage(p<0.05) compared to conventional approach transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion group. Symptoms of spinal canal stenosis and nerve compression were significantly relieved postoperatively, as compared with the preoperative state. However, the opposite side had a lower rate of fatty degeneration (9.42±3.17%) comparing to decompression side (11.68±3.08%) (P<0.05) six months after surgery in the BDUA group. While there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in two sides of conventional transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion approach group six months after surgery. Conclusions: Bilateral decompression via unilateral approach (BDUA) is able to reduce the intraoperative and postoperative body fluid loss in the elderly. The opposite side of decompression in BDUA shows less fatty degeneration in 6 months, which indicates better recovery of the soft tissue of the aging patients.
Study on the derived based catalysts from Theobroma cacao pod husks for the conversion of beef tallow blend with waste used vegetable oil for fatty acid ethyl ester synthesis: burnt, submerged fermented, calcination, hybrid design, catalyst refining and reusability
Authors: F Adepoju T , A Ibeh M , O Babatunde E , Jackson Asuquo A , C Eloboka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Billions of dollars paid by industries on catalysts used as feedstocks to obtain their end products are increasing at a geometrical rate, the report revealed that the global marketplace price of catalysts stood at USD 26.1 billion in 2019, and is anticipated to increase by 4% in 2020, and 4.5% progress rate in 2025. To salvage the world from extravagance spending, there is an urgent need for biomass wastes consideration and utilization. In this paper, three novel CaO-based catalysts derived from Theobroma cacao pod husks were tested based on efficacy for the production of biodiesel (fatty acid ethyl ester: FAEE) from the blend of beef tallow oil (BTO)-waste used oil (WUO) in the ratio of 5:95 (BTO5),10:90 (BTO10),15:85 (BTO15), 20:80 (BTO20),….., 95:5 (BTO95), respectively. Process optimization of the transesterification reaction was carried out using a hybrid design to determine the effects of catalyst on the fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) yield. The efficiencies of the catalyst were tested via the refining and reusability test. Results revealed the oil blend ratio of BTO60: WUO40 sufficiently produced low viscous oil that was easily converted to biodiesel. Catalysts' characterization revealed the three catalysts produced high CaO-based of 68.20, 81.46, and 87.65 (wt.%), which accounted for the high yield of FAEEs. Mathematical optimization showed that the catalyst amount (F-value between 14159.69-3063.24 with P-value between 0.0053-0.0115), played the most significant role in oil conversion to biodiesel among the constraint factors considered (reaction time, catalyst amount, reaction temperature, and ethanol/oil molar ratio: EtOH/OMR). Based on Box-Cox transformation, the values of the lambda obtained indicated a normal data results with an inverse function of Y2 and Y3 and normal function of Y3 for polynomial model accuracy. Optimum validated FAEEs yields of 92.81, 93.02, and 99.64 (%wt.), respectively, with high R2. The qualities of the FAEEs were within the standard specification and the produced catalysts can serve as feedstocks for industrial application.