bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corona children studies "Co-Ki": First results of a Germany-wide registry on mouth and nose covering (mask) in children
Authors: Schwarz Silke , Jenetzky Ekkehart , Krafft Hanno , Maurer Tobias , Martin David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background: Narratives about complaints in children and adolescents caused by wearing a mask are accumulating. There is, to date, no registry for side effects of masks.Methods: At the University of Witten/Herdecke an online registry has been set up where parents, doctors, pedagogues and others can enter their observations. On 20.10.2020, 363 doctors were asked to make entries and to make parents and teachers aware of the registry.Results: By 26.10.2020 the registry had been used by 20,353 people. In this publication we report the results from the parents, who entered data on a total of 25,930 children. The average wearing time of the mask was 270 minutes per day. Impairments caused by wearing the mask were reported by 68% of the parents. These included irritability (60%), headache (53%), difficulty concentrating (50%), less happiness (49%), reluctance to go to school/kindergarten (44%), malaise (42%) impaired learning (38%) and drowsiness or fatigue (37%).Discussion: This world's first registry for recording the effects of wearing masks in children is dedicated to a new research question. Bias with respect to preferential documentation of children who are particularly severely affected or who are fundamentally critical of protective measures cannot be dismissed. The frequency of the registry’s use and the spectrum of symptoms registryed indicate the importance of the topic and call for representative surveys, randomized controlled trials with various masks and a renewed risk-benefit assessment for the vulnerable group of children: adults need to collecticely reflect the circumstances under which they would be willing to take a residual risk upon themselves in favor of enabling children to have a higher quality of life without having to wear a mask.
Comparative Study of Children's' Blood Sugar in Fluid Therapy with Dextrose Saline, Ringer and Normal Saline 9.0% Serums and its Relationship with Depth of Anesthesia in Elective Surgery
Authors: nanaei Farhad , Moghadam Morteza Habibi , eslamifar Zahra , bahrami Hadi , Bigdeli Mohammad Hasan , sekhavatpour Zohreh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: This study was aimed to determine the children's' blood sugar level in fluid therapy with DSS, RSand NS 0.9% serums and its relationship with the depth of anesthesia in elective surgery.Method: This double-blind experimental study was performed with 90 children referred to the surgical ward, including: group A (receiving DSS), group B (receiving NS 0.9%) and group C (receiving RS) that the blood sugar of each group in 5 steps was measured: half an hour before induction of anesthesia, during induction of anesthesia, half and one hour after induction of anesthesia and after complete awakening in recovery. In addition, the monitoring the vital signs, measuring depth of anesthesia, pulse oximetry and electrocardiogram were performed for all groups.Results: The results showed that the mean blood sugar in the 5 steps measured had a significant difference in three groups under study (P <0.05). The mean blood sugar in the group receiving DSS was significantly higher than the two groups receiving RS and NS 0.9%. Also the mean depth of anesthesia in three groups did not show a significant difference.Conclusion: Finally, according to this study, the use of DSS from the beginning of anesthesia, RS half an hour after the start of anesthesia and NS 0.9% one hour after the start of anesthesia can increase blood sugar in children. Therefore, the use of DSS is not recommended due to the stressful nature of anesthesia and operating room and the possibility of hyperglycemia.
Modeling, Analysis, and Comparison of Nanotechnology System: A Graph-Theoretic Approach
Authors: Singh Tanvir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nanotechnology can create many new nanomaterials and nanodevices with a vast range of applications, such as in medicine, electronics, biomaterials, and energy production, etc. An attempt is made to develop an integrated systems model for the structure of the nanotechnology system in terms of its constituents and interactions between the constituents and processes, etc. using graph theory and matrix algebra. The nanotechnology system is first modeled with the help of graph theory, secondly by variable adjacency matrix and thirdly by multinomial (which is known as a permanent function). The permanent function provides an opportunity to carry out a structural analysis of nanotechnology system in terms of its strength, weakness, improvement, and optimization, by correlating the different systems with its structure. The physical meaning has been associated with each term of the permanent function. Different structural attributes of the nanotechnology system are identified concurrently to reduce cost, time for design and development, and also to develop a graph-theoretic model, matrix model, and multinomial permanent model of nanotechnology system. The top-down approach for a complete analysis of any nanotechnology systems is given. The general methodology is presented for the characterization and comparison of two nanotechnology systems.
Construction of Rice Under Dry Cultivation Dominant Population by Interaction of Seeding Rate and Nitrogen Rate
Authors: Jiang Hao , Thobakgale Tebogo , Li Yunzhe , Liu Liwei , Su Qingwang , Cang Baifeng , Bai Chenyang , Li Jiayi , Song Ze , Wu Meikang , Wang Dongchao , Cui Jingjing , Wei Xiaoshuang , Wu Zhihai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to construct the dominant population of rice under dry cultivation, the external characteristics of the population and the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of the upper three leaves were investigated. In this study, a double factor interaction method of seeding rate and nitrogen rate was used to construct the dominant population of rice under dry cultivation. We determined 195 kg·ha-1 seeding rate and 140 kg·ha-1 nitrogen rate as the appropriate configuration. To achieve high yield, high nitrogen utilization and moderate morphological characteristics by coordinating the comprehensive advantages of population spike number and spike grain number, and to increase the photosynthetic potential of the population by coordinating the reasonable distribution of light energy in the upper three leaves to construct the dominant population of rice under dry cultivation. Photosynthetic potential of 105.55m2·d/m2, light energy interception rate of 31.21% in the inverted second leaf and plant height of 101 cm at 10 days after flowering were important external characteristics of the dominant population of rice under dry cultivation. The ability of the inverted second leaf to intercept light energy is the basis for ensuring the photosynthesis of the population. The simultaneous coordination of photosynthetic enzyme activity, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content in the inverted second leaf is an important physiological characteristic of the photosynthetically dominant group. The variation of photosynthetic physiological indexes in the inverted second leaf was characterized by ‘from genes to enzyme activity to net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll, and the spatial variation was from the upper leaves to the lower leaves’. ‘ Protect the flag, promote the second, stabilize the third ’ (Maintaining photosynthetic capacity of the flag leaf , promoting photosynthetic enzyme activity in the inverted second leaf, and stabilizing photosynthetic gene expression in the inverted third leaf ) is an important tool to construct the dominant population of rice under dry cultivation. These studies have significant implications for the future construction of dominant rice under dry cultivation in different regions and provide an important basis for the study of the regulatory mechanisms of photosynthetic pathways in different leaf positions.
Exploiting Natural Variation in Crown Root Traits via Genome-Wide Association Studies in Maize
Authors: Wang Houmiao , Tang Xiao , Yang Xiaoyi , Fan Yingying , Xu Yang , Li Pengcheng , Xu Chenwu , Yang Zefeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Root system architecture (RSA), which is determined by the crown root angle (CRA), crown root diameter (CRD), and crown root number (CRN), is an important factor affecting the ability of plants to obtain nutrients and water from the soil. However, the genetic mechanisms regulating crown root traits in the field remain unclear. Methods: In this study, the CRA, CRD, and CRN of 348 diverse maize inbred lines were analysed in three field trials. Substantial phenotypic variations were observed for the three crown root traits in all environments. A genome-wide association study was conducted using three multi-locus methods (FarmCPU, FASTmrMLM, and FASTmrEMMA).Results: A total of 91, 116, and 117 marker–trait associations were identified for CRA, CRD, and CRN, respectively. Additionally, 683 candidate genes within 50 kb of the significant SNPs were identified. A combined analysis of gene annotations and expression profiles revealed 20 promising genes related to auxin synthesis and signal transduction, cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, and transcription factors. These candidate genes may be associated with crown root development. Moreover, GRMZM2G141205, encoding an AUX/IAA transcriptional regulator, was resequenced in all tested lines. Five variants were identified as significantly associated with CRN based on the data for 16SY and 17SY as well as the average values for the three environments. Four haplotypes were detected based on these significant variants, and Hap1 was the optimal haplotype for CRN. Conclusions: These findings may be useful for clarifying the genetic basis of maize root system architecture. Furthermore, the identified candidate genes and variants may be relevant for breeding new maize varieties with root traits suitable for diverse environmental conditions.
Postoperative Urinary Retention after Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery – Influence of Peri-operative Factors and Trial of Void Protocol
Authors: Anglim Breffini , Ramage Kaylee , Sandwith Emily , Brennand Erin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
PurposeTransient postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is common after pelvic floor surgery. We aimed to determine the association between peri-operative variables and POUR and to determine the number of voids required for post-void residuals (PVRs) to normalize postoperatively. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 992 patients undergoing pelvic floor surgery at a tertiary referral centre from January 2015-October 2017. Variables assessed included: age, BMI, ASA score, anaesthesia type, type of surgery, length of postoperative stay, surgeon, bladder protocol used, and number of PVRs required to “pass” the protocol. Results Significant risk factors for POUR included: placement of MUS during POP surgery, anterior repair and hysterectomy with concomitant sacrospinous vault suspension.A total of 25.1% were discharged requiring catheterization. Patients receiving a concomitant mid-urethral sling (MUS) were 2.2 (95% CI:1.6-2.9) and 2.3 (95% CI:1.8-3.1) times more likely to have elevated PVR after their second TOV and third TOV (P<0.0001), respectively, compared with those without concomitant MUS. Permitting a third TOV allowed an additional 10% of women to pass the voiding protocol before discharge. The median number of voids to pass protocol was 2. An ASA>2 and placement of MUS were associated with increasing number of voids needed to pass protocol. ConclusionsWhile many women passed protocol by the second void, using the 3rd void as a cut point to determine success would result in fewer women requiring catheterization after discharge. Prior to pelvic floor surgery, women should be counselled regarding POUR probability to allow for management of postoperative expectations.
Updated Analysis of Pediatric Clinical Trials Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, 2008-2019
Authors: Zhong Yang , Zhou Li-jun , Li Lei , Zhang Tao , Zhang Xingyu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Since the national clinical trials registry (ClinicalTrials.gov) launched in February 2000, more than 300,000 trials have been registered. However, little is known about the registered pediatric clinical trials with regarding to characteristics, trends and quality over time.Methods To describe patterns of the registered pediatric clinical trials, a dataset of trials involving children was downloaded from ClinicalTrials.gov on August 1st, 2020. To further trace the registration of pediatric disease types, we selected the top four infectious diseases to describe their trends over time. To examine reporting completion rate of clinical trial results, we identified completed studies and then observed the proportion of trials subject to reporting.Results Between 2000 and 2019, a total of 53,060 pediatric trials were registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, including 36,136 (68.1%) interventional trials and 6,692(31.5%) observational trials. The number of them increased significantly over time. Meanwhile, the number of missing data elements has generally declined.Most interventional pediatric trials were single center (61.4%), small-scale(58.9%), randomized (66.0%), and none masking(56.9%), with fewer drug trials being conducted over time.Many pediatric clinical trials were funded by other organizations.The proportion of trials complianced with reporting results varied by study type, trial phase and lead sponsor.Conclusion The pediatric clinical trial registration are on the rise, with significant changes in registration information such as trial type, main purpose, and intervention characteristics, which can help stakeholders inform the decision to conduct trials in children. Although the proportion of missing data was decreasing, the proportion of reporting results remained to be improved.
Antimonate Sequestration from Aqueous Solution Using Zirconium, Iron and Zirconium-iron Modified Biochars
Authors: Rahman Md. Aminur , Rahman Mohammad Mahmudur , Bahar Md. Mezbaul , Sanderson Peter , Lamb Dane 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is increasingly being recognized as an important contaminant due to its various industrial applications and mining operations. Environmental remediation approaches for Sb are still lacking, as is the understanding of Sb environmental chemistry. In this study, biosolid biochar (BSBC) was produced and utilized to remove antimonate (Sb(V)) from aqueous solution. Zirconium (Zr), Zirconium-iron (Zr-Fe) and Fe-O coated BSBC were synthesized for enhancing Sb(V) sorption capacities of BSBC. The combined results of specific surface area, FTIR, SEM-EDS, TEM-EDS, and XPS confirmed that Zr and/or Zr-Fe were successfully coated onto BSBC. The effects of reaction time, pH, initial Sb(V) concentration, adsorbate doses, ionic strength, temperature, and the influence of major competitive co-existing anions and cations on the adsorption of Sb(V) were investigated. The maximum sorption capacity of Zr-O, Zr-Fe, Zr-FeCl3, Fe-O, and FeCl3 coated BSBC were 66.67, 98.04, 85.47, 39.68, and 31.54 mg/g respectively under acidic conditions. The XPS results revealed redox transformation of Sb(V) species to Sb(III) occurred under oxic conditions, demonstrating the biochar’s ability to behave as an electron shuttle during sorption. The sorption study suggest that Zr-O and Zr-O-Fe coated BSBC could perform as favourable adsorbents for mitigating Sb(V) contaminated waters.
The Effect of Wechat-Based Training on Improving the Village Doctors’ Knowledge of Tuberculosis Management: A Pre-And-Post Intervention Study from China
Authors: Xin Henan , Zhang Haoran , Wang Dakuan , Zhang Bin , Cao Xuefang , Feng Boxuan , Quan Zhusheng , Du Ying , He Yijun , Guan Ling , Shen Fei , Liu Jianmin , Liu Zisen , Pan Shouguo , Jin Qi , Gao Lei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: In China, village doctors played a crucial role in TB cases referral and management. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of WeChat-based training program on improving the village doctors’ knowledge on TB management.Methods: A One-year WeChat-based training was conducted by means of releasing original contents (in forms of text, poster, video or cartoon), through WeChat subscription account (WeChat SA) once a week. Pre-and post-training offline tests were hold using the same self-administered questionnaire to evaluate the training effect.Results: A total of 467 village doctor were included in the study. During the training, sixty original articles were posted through WeChat SA. With respect to the two tests, the median score increased from 50 (40.0-60.0) to 60 (53.0-70.0) (p<0.001) after training. The median scores were always higher after training no matter what kind of article contents and forms. In addition, the effectiveness of such training was found to be influenced by gender and education level.Conclusions: Our results indicated that WeChat-based training could partly improve the knowledge of village doctors on TB management. It is worthy to explore more effective new media-based training methods that might promote TB control work in rural China.
Inhibition of TLR4&nbsp;Signaling Protects Mice From Sensory and Motor Dysfunction in an Animal Model of Autoimmune Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Oladiran Oladayo , Shi Xiang Qun , Yang Mu , Fournier Sylvie , Zhang Ji 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundWhile the etiology remains elusive, macrophages and T cells in peripheral nerves are considered as effector cells mediating autoimmune peripheral neuropathy (APN), such as Guillain Barre Syndrome. By recognizing both pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) signals, TLRs play a central role in the initiation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this study, we aimed to understand the involvement of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of APN and explore the potential of TLR4 as a drug target for therapeutic use. MethodsAPN was induced by a partial ligation on one of the sciatic nerves in B7.2 (L31) transgenic mice which possess a predisposed inflammatory background. APN pathology and neurological function were evaluated on the other non-injured sciatic nerve. ResultsTLR4 and its endogenous ligand HMGB1 were highly expressed in L31 mice, in circulating immune cells and in peripheral nerves. Enhanced TLR4 signaling was blocked with TAK 242, a selective TLR4 inhibitor, before and after disease onset. Intraperitoneal administration of TAK 242 not only inhibited monocyte, macrophage and CD8 + T cell activation, but also reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TAK 242 protected mice from severe myelin and axonal loss, resulting in a remarkable improvement in mouse motor and sensory functions. TAK 242 was effective in alleviating the disease in both preventive and reversal paradigms. ConclusionThe study identified the critical contribution of TLR4-mediated macrophage activation in disease course and provided strong evidence to support TLR4 as a useful drug target for treating inflammatory autoimmune neuropathy.
Optically Transparent Vertical Silicon Nanowire Arrays for Live-Cell Imaging
Authors: Elnathan Roey , Holle Andrew , Young Jennifer , George Marina , Heifler Omri , Goychuk Andriy , Frey Erwin , Kemkemer Ralf , Spatz Joachim , Kosloff Alon , Patolsky Fernando , Voelcker Nico 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Programmable nano-bio interfaces driven by tuneable vertically configured nanostructures have recently emerged as a powerful tool for cellular manipulations and interrogations. Such interfaces have strong potential for ground-breaking advances, particularly in cellular nanobiotechnology and mechanobiology. However, the opaque nature of many nanostructured surfaces makes non-destructive, live-cell characterization of cellular behavior on vertically aligned nanostructures challenging to observe. Here, a new nanofabrication route is proposed that enables harvesting of vertically aligned silicon (Si) nanowires and their subsequent transfer onto an optically transparent substrate, with high efficiency and without artefacts. We demonstrate the potential of this route for efficient live-cell phase contrast imaging and subsequent characterization of cells growing on vertically aligned Si nanowires. This approach provides the first opportunity to understand dynamic cellular responses to a cell-nanowire interface, and thus has the potential to inform the design of future nanoscale cellular manipulation technologies.
Reference Values of the Sleep-wake Cycle of Newborns During Hospitalization in the Neonatal ICU - a Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Sousa Bruna Ribeiro Carneiro , Bezerra Ruth Batista , Souza Jane Carla De , Bento Marcos Vinicius da Silva , Araújo John Fontenele , Pereira Silvana Alves 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Annually, approximately 15 million children are born prematurely (less than 37 weeks of gestation). These newborns are hospitalized from weeks to months in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU), undergoing painful invasive and non-invasive procedures, and various stimuli in an environment that contrasts with the maternal uterus, which may result in reduced sleep time or changes in the sleep-wake cycle. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe the reference values ​​of the sleep-wake cycle of neonates admitted to the NICU and summarize the main sleep assessment tools used during the neonatal hospitalization phase. Methods: Databases will be used systematically to search for studies that provide reference values ​​for the sleep-wake cycle of newborns admitted to the NICU. Two independent reviewers will search the articles, while a third reviewer will analyze the disagreements. Discussion: The results of the review will contribute to the planning of approaches that do not interfere with sleep time, maintaining an adequate sleep-wake pattern for the development of newborns in the NICU.Systematic review registration: submitted on 13. Dec. 2020 IN PROSPERO