bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Memory Screening as a Strategy for Recruiting Older Adults into Alzheimer’s Disease Research
Authors: Peavy Guerry M. , Jenkins Cecily W. , Little Emily A. , Gigliotti Christina , Calcetas Amanda , Edland Steven D. , Brewer James B. , Galasko Douglas , Salmon David P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Growing awareness of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has prompted a demand for quick and effective ways to screen for memory loss and cognitive decline in large numbers of individuals in the community. Periodic Memory Screening Day events provide free, brief cognitive screening aimed at those 65 years and older, and can serve as an opportunity to gauge participants’ attitudes towards AD research and recruit them into ongoing research projects. Methods: Over 6 single-day events in 2 years, more than 574 individuals were individually screened using the MoCA and a story recall task (immediate and delayed), given feedback about their performance, and introduced to AD research and opportunities to participate.Results: Screening classified 297 individuals (52.0%) as having “No Decline”, 192 (33.6%) as “Possible decline” and 82 (14.4%) as “Likely decline”. Those with “Likely decline” were older and less educated, had more memory concerns, were more likely to be men, and were less likely to have a positive family history of dementia than those with “No Decline”. Subsequent validation of screening procedures against a full clinical evaluation showed 72% classification accuracy with a skew towards over-calling Possible and Likely decline and thereby guiding questionable individuals to a more thorough evaluation. Of those screened, 378 (66%) agreed to additional research and consented to being listed in a research registry; and a majority (70-85%) of those consenting reported they were amenable to various AD research procedures including lumbar puncture, MRI and autopsy. Overall, 19.1% of those screened met inclusion criteria for ongoing studies and were successfully recruited into AD research. Conclusions: Conducting a few concentrated community memory screening events each year may help meet the public’s demand for brief assessment of memory concerns and can be a relatively effective and efficient recruitment strategy for AD research.
RAPGEF2 mediates oligomeric Aβ-induced synaptic loss and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Jang You-Na , Jang HoChung , Kim Gyu Hyun , Noh Jeong-Eun , Chang Keun-A , LEE KEA JOO 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Excessive neuronal activity promotes amyloid-β (Aβ) production in the brain. The Aβ oligomer triggers synaptic degeneration that precedes plaque and tangle pathology. However, the signaling molecules that link Aβ oligomers to synaptic pathology remain unclear. RAPGEF2, a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Rap, plays a role in activity-dependent synapse remodeling and is involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy commonly observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and mouse models. Thus, we postulated that the perturbation of the RAPGEF2 signal may contribute to Aβ oligomer-induced synaptopathy in AD. Methods: To investigate the potential role of RAPGEF2 in Aβ oligomer-induced synaptic and cognitive impairments in AD, we utilized a combination of approaches including biochemistry, molecular cell biology, light and electron microscopy, behavioral tests with primary neuron cultures, multiple AD mouse models and postmortem human AD brain tissue. Results: We observed significantly elevated RAPGEF2 levels in the postmortem human AD hippocampus. RAPGEF2 levels also increased in the transgenic AD mouse models, generating high levels of Aβ oligomers before exhibiting synaptic and cognitive impairment. RAPGEF2 upregulation activated its downstream effectors Rap2 and JNK. In cultured hippocampal neurons, oligomeric Aβ treatment increased the fluorescence intensity of RAPGEF2 and reduced the number of dendritic spines, while silencing RAPGEF2 expression blocked Aβ oligomer-induced spine loss. Additionally, the in vivo knockdown of RAPGEF2 expression in the AD hippocampus prevented cognitive deficits and the loss of excitatory synapses. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the upregulation of RAPGEF2 levels mediates Aβ oligomer-induced synaptic and cognitive disturbances in the AD hippocampus. We propose that early intervention regarding RAPGEF2 expression may have beneficial effects on early synaptic pathology and memory loss in AD.
ANÁLISE DA PRÓPRIA PRÁTICA NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS POR MEIO DE SEQUÊNCIAS INVESTIGATIVAS (SI) ENVOLVENDO NOÇÕES DE FÍSICA COM ALUNOS DOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Gerhardt Manfredo Elizabeth Cardoso , Lobato Sílvia Cristina da Costa 
Published: January 2020

Trata-se de uma pesquisa da própria prática na qual a professora considerou o processo de ensino- aprendizagem de seus alunos, tomando-o como objeto de estudo. Tem como objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento de duas Sequências Investigativas (SI) na construção de conhecimentos físicos de alunos sobre o fenômeno da flutuação de corpos na água, tecendo reflexões sobre essa prática. A pesquisa foi realizada com alunos do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola pública onde atua a professora-pesquisadora. Na mediação do processo, os alunos foram estimulados a questionar e apreender a realidade, com vistas à construção de seus conhecimentos nas SI. Nestas, foram desenvolvidas noções conceituais relativas ao fenômeno estudado através da experimentação e reflexão coletiva, sendo todo o processo registrado em vídeo e no diário de campo da professora. Como resultado relativo aos alunos evidenciou-se o exercício do pensamento reflexivo, levantamento e teste de hipóteses na resolução de problemas, com ampliação de conceitos cotidianos sobre o fenômeno da flutuação e desenvolvimento da autonomia relativa ao próprio processo de aprendizagem. No tocante às reflexões docentes, cabe destacar as aprendizagens aprimoradas por meio de análises, mediações e reflexões sistematizadas no processo investigativo da própria prática.
Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem. Conhecimentos físicos. Sequências Investigativas. Prática reflexiva
Risk Factor Identification, Classification and Prediction Summary of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Arulanthu Pramila , Perumal Eswaran 
Published: January 2020

:
The data generated by medical equipment is huge and humongous in size loaded with
valuable information. This data set requires an effective classification for accurate prediction. The
prediction of health issues is an extremely difficult task, especially Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
is one of the major unpredictable diseases in the medical field. Perhaps, certain medical experts do
not have identical awareness and skills to solve the issues of their patients. Most of the medical experts
may have unsubstantiated results on disease diagnosis of their patients. Sometimes, patients
may lose their life owing to disease severity. As per the Global Burden of Disease (GBD-2015) report,
death by CKD was ranked at 17th position whereas GBD-2010 reported the same at 27th among
the causes of death globally. Death by CKD constitutes 2.9% of all deaths between the years 2010
and 2013 among people in the age range of 15 to 69. As per the World Health Organization (WHO-
2005) report, CKD was the primary reason behind the death of 58 million people so far. Hence, this
article presents a state-of-the-art review of the classification and prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease
(CKD). Normally, advanced data mining techniques, fuzzy and machine learning algorithms
are used to classify medical data and disease diagnosis. This study reviews and summarizes many
classification techniques and disease diagnosis methods presented earlier. The main intention of this
review is to point out and address some of the issues and complications of the existing methods. It
also attempts to discuss the limitations and accuracy level of the existing CKD classification and
disease diagnosis methods.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES BY DPPH RADICAL SCAVENGER ACTIVITY OF RUELLIA BRITTONIANA FLOWER
Authors: TEJAPUTRI NADZILA ANINDYA , ARSIANTI ADE , QORINA FONA , FITHROTUNNISA QOTRUNNADA 
Published: January 2020

Objective: The genus Ruellia has been widely used in traditional and Ayurvedic medicine as an antioxidant. This study seeks to examine the antioxidant activity of the species Ruellia brittoniana.
Methods: In this study, Ruellia brittoniana flowers were acquired from Depok, West Java, Indonesia. The flowers were cleaned and ground to form a powder, then dissolved in hexane, ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents. These three extracts were then tested for phytochemicals and thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. Ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts were also analyzed for antioxidants using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.
Results: Phytochemical results from the three extracts proved that Ruellia brittoniana contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides and triterpenes. These results are comparable to the results from TLC analysis, which showed the samples contained 4–5 chemical components. Furthermore, the best antioxidant activity resulted from the ethyl acetate extract of the Ruellia brittoniana flower with an IC50 value of 68.42 ppm.
Conclusion: An ethyl acetate extract from the Ruellia brittoniana flower can be used as a natural source of additional antioxidants.
THE IMPACT OF COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY ON HEART FUNCTION; A STUDY ON ABNORMALITIES IN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY PATTERNS
Authors: SANTOSO DEWI IRAWATI SOERIA , MURTHI ADITYA K , YOLANDA SOPHIE , AMANI PATWA , SIANIPAR IMELDA ROSALYN 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Cobalamin deficiency may cause a lack of dietary methyl donors, which alter the heart metabolism. Cobalamin deficiency is common in patients with malnutrition, gastric ulcers, diabetes mellitus, and alcoholism. Most studies on cobalamin deficiency are focused on its relationship with oxidative stress and atherogenesis. Therefore, this study aims to find the correlation between cardiomyocyte’s energy metabolism in cobalamin deficiency and the risk of heart abnormalities through analysis of electrocardiography (ECG) patterns.
Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 24-28 w) were divided into 2 groups: the control group and cobalamin-deficient group. The control group was given standard diet while the treatment group received a modified diet, type AIN-93M (deficient in cobalamin), for a period of 16 w. ECG was performed in both groups on the last day of the 16-week period. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was also performed to evaluate plasma Hcy and B12 levels in each group at the end of the treatment period.
Results: At the end of the 16-week period, higher Hcy level and lower plasma B12 level were observed in the treatment group when compared to the control group. ECG patterns showed sinus rhythms in both groups, with a higher QRS amplitude and duration in the treatment group. Two of the seven rats in the treatment group developed cardiac arrhythmia.
Conclusions: Cobalamin deficiency impairs the heart’s energy metabolism with left ventricular enlargement and arrhythmia.
EFFECT OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA LINN METHANOLIC EXTRACT ON HEART HYPERTROPHY INDEX AND PGC-1α IN OVERTRAINED RAT
Authors: SANTOSO DEWI IRAWATI , QIBTIYAH MARIYAL , ANDRAINI TRINOVITA , BAYANI GULSHAN FAHMI EL , KARTINAH NENG TINE , N. NURUL PARAMITA , ILYAS ERMITA I. IBRAHIM 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Studies have shown that prolonged physical exercise increases ventricular wall mass. Physiologically, this increase is followed by an increase of mitochondrial biogenesis. However, increases of ventricular mass in some cardiovascular diseases are not followed by an increase of PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a marker of mitochondrial biogenesis. No data regarding cardiac PGC-1α during an excessive physical exercise program that causes pathological conditions (overtraining) are available. Thus, we aimed to determine the effect of overtraining on cardiac hypertrophy index and PGC-1α level. Furthermore, we aimed to elucidate the cardio protective effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (HSL) administration on these cardiac parameters.
Methods: Twenty-five male adult Wistar rats aged 8–10 w were randomly divided into five groups: control (C), control-HSL (C-HSL), aerobic training (A), overtraining (OT), and overtraining-HSL (OT-HSL). Treatments were conducted five times a week, for 11 w. Differences in heart mass were determined by measuring ratios of ventricular weight to body weight (hypertrophy index). PGC-1α levels were measured using an ELISA method.
Results: We found that overtraining increased ventricular wall mass; however, it did not increase cardiac PGC-1α levels, whereas mild-aerobic exercise robustly increased cardiac levels of PGC-1α. Furthermore, administration of a methanol extract of HSL did not show any significant effect on cardiac mass or PGC-1α level.
Conclusion: Thus, our study showed that ventricular hypertrophy elicited by overtraining conditions was not followed by an increase in cardiac PGC-1α, and administration of H. sabdariffa extract did not ameliorate this condition.
THE POTENCY OF SOURSOP LEAF WATER EXTRACT ON ACTIVATING GLP-1R, INHIBITING DPP4 AND FOXO1 PROTEIN BASED ON IN SILICO ANALYSIS
Authors: DAMAYANTI DINI SRI , NURDIANA  , KUSUMA M. CHANDRA , SOEADMADJI DJOKO WAHONO 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Soursop leaf contains alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, acetogenin, and phenolics. Soursop leaf decoction is usually consumed as an anti-obesity agent, even though its active compounds and its action mechanism are still unclear. Computational approaches have been developed to predict the ability of an active compound to bring about biological effects. This study was designed to predict the potency of soursop (Annona muricata Linn.) water extract for the activating of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor (GLP-1R), Inhibiting Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4), and Forkhead Box Protein O1 (FoxO1) protein using in silico analysis.
Methods: Identification of active compounds contained in soursop leaf water extract was carried out using physicochemical methods and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). They were then analyzed using computational analysis, i.e., potential analysis using the Way2drug web server. Protein interaction predictions of GLP-1R with the active compounds found in soursop leaf water extract using STITCH. The affinities of the active compounds of soursop leaf to the proteins DPP4 and FoxO1 were also analyzed using molecular docking.
Results: Active compounds of the soursop leaf water extract contain 5-isopropenyl-3,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,3A, 4,5,6,7-octa hydro azulene (22.17%) and 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester (phthalic acid) (57.30%). The active ingredients have not been shown to interact with GLP-1R. 5-isopropenyl-3,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,3A, 4,5,6,7-octa hydro azulene and phthalic acid both have a weak affinity for DPP4, and only phthalic acid has a weak affinity with the FoxO1 protein.
Conclusion: Phthalic acid has a weak potential as an inhibitor of the DDP4 and FoxO1 proteins.
ADVERSE REACTIONS TO FIRST-LINE ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS AS A RISK FACTOR OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT DEFAULT IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA
Authors: SETIAWAN STEFANUS IMANUEL , ASCOBAT PURWANTYASTUTI 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading fatal infectious diseases and remains a major health problem worldwide. Moreover, adverse effects of TB treatment can escalate treatment default. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between adverse reactions to anti-TB drugs and treatment default.
Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using medical record data of a total 172 adult patients with pulmonary TB who were treated with first-line anti-TB drugs at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia during 2014 and who experienced adverse reactions.
Results: Of the total, 127 patients (73.8%) had minor adverse reactions and 45 patients (26.2%) experienced major adverse reactions. Predominant adverse reactions included gastrointestinal disorders (34%) and drug-induced hepatitis (60%). There was a significant correlation between adverse reactions to anti-TB drugs and treatment default cases (odds ratio (OR), 9.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.20–20.72; p<0.001). The results of multivariate analysis showed that TB treatment outcome is affected by adverse drug reactions (OR, 10.91; 95% CI, 4.62–25.75; p<0.001), drug use in treating concomitant diseases (OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.30–7.05; p=0.010), and type of anti-TB drug used (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 0.99–5.83; p=0.045).
Conclusion: Based on these results, we showed that adverse reactions to anti-TB drugs can affect TB treatment outcome and can serve as a risk factor to treatment default.
SENSITIVITY OF BREAST CANCER STEM CELLS (CD24-/CD44+) TO DOXORUBICIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH OXIDATIVE STRESS STATUS
Authors: SYAHRANI RESDA A. , LOUISA MELVA , WANANDI SEPTELIA I. 
Published: January 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the sensitivity of BCSCs to doxorubicin and its association with oxidative stress.
Methods: BCSCs (CD24-/CD44+) were treated with doxorubicin every 2 d for 14 d. The determination of cell viability was performed using a trypan blue exclusion assay. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using a dihydroethidium (DHE) and a 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) probes. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA expression and specific activity were also analyzed. Glutathione (GSH) level was measured using Ellman’s method.
Results: The viability of the BCSCs decreased after 2 d of treatment with doxorubicin, but started to increase after 8 d. After 8 d of doxorubicin treatment, the ROS level in the BCSCs decreased, while the MnSOD specific activity increased. In addition, the MnSOD mRNA expression and GSH level were suppressed after 8 d of treatment.
Conclusion: Doxorubicin treatment induced cytotoxicity after 2 d by increasing the superoxide levels of the BCSCs. After 8 d of treatment, the sensitivity of BCSCs to doxorubicin decreased due to the suppressed oxidative stress from the enhanced antioxidant activity of the MnSOD.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF CURCUMA LONGA EXTRACT IN THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: FAHIRA ALESSA , SORAYA ALLYSA , ACHMADSYAH ARMAND , HAKIM RANI WARDANI 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease caused by inflammation of the tissue and bony structure of the joint, which affects more than 235 million people worldwide. Due to the adverse effects caused by the long-term use of standard treatment of OA, the attempt to find natural remedies to treat chronic diseases continues to rise. Curcuma longa is known to have anti-inflammatory effects, which may impact the pathophysiology of OA. While many randomized controlled trials show the efficacy of Curcuma longa extract in the treatment of OA, there has been no comprehensive review of this evidence.
Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and ScienceDirect for randomized controlled trials that evaluated Curcuma longa extract (CE extract) vs. control (placebo or other therapy). Three trials were identified. Data were then extracted from the studies and summarized descriptively.
Results: Across all trials, Curcuma longa therapy was proven to reduce Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores significantly compared to the control group. Adverse effects were less likely to appear in patients treated with Curcuma longa extract compared to other groups.
Conclusion: CL extract is beneficial as an alternative medication for OA treatment, shown by the reduced scores of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and WOMAC in all studies we reviewed.
ASSESSING THE RATIONALE OF FDC CONTAINING OFLOXACIN AND AZOLES: DISSOLUTION, PERMEATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES
Authors: PAWAR ATMARAM , KAMBLE AKSHAY , KORAKE SWATI , DHAPTE-PAWAR VIVIDHA 
Published: January 2020

Objective: To study fixed-dose combinations (FDC) of antibacterial and antiprotozoal products (ofloxacin and azoles), prescribed for the treatment of diarrhea.
Methods: Rationality of these FDC products was verified by assessing parameters such as drug content and release by assay and dissolution tests, respectively mentioned in the Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP). Amount of drug solubilized and permeated as per the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) was determined. Ex vivo permeation study was performed on the gut of goat using the everted gut sac technique. Antimicrobial efficacy in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed using agar well diffusion method against Shigella boydii, the causative agent for diarrhea. Comparative studies were performed on an individual as well as combination doses of antibacterial and antiprotozoal products for the synergistic effects to assess the rationale of these FDC.
Results: The BCS solubility of ciprofloxacin (CPX), norfloxacin (NFX) and tinidazole (TNZ) was high in acidic medium (pH 1-5) and decreased at pH above 5. The assay studies showed that the individual drug contents of FDC were within the IP limits. In vitro dissolution results for both, individual drugs and their combination illustrated 99 % drug release within 30 min in 0.01N HCl. Ex vivo permeation of TNZ was higher than CPX and NFX in individual drugs. No significant change in the permeation rate was observed for individual drugs and their FDC. CPX and NFX exhibited more antimicrobial activity in terms of inhibitory zones than their FDC with antiprotozoal TNZ, above 2.5 µg/ml MIC. The pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and antimicrobial evaluation study showed the similarity of FDC with the individual drugs.
Conclusion: The study showed no significant data to justify the therapeutic advantage of FDC over individual drugs.
CYTOTOXICITY STUDIES OF AN ETHNOBOTANICALLY SELECTED SOLANUM PUBESCENS WILLD. AGAINST SELECTED HUMAN CANCER CELL LINES
Authors: V. N. SUDHAMA , RAMAKRISHNAN M. 
Published: January 2020

Objective: The present study was aimed to determine the cytotoxicity concentration (CTC50) of different extracts made from the leaf and stem bark of an ethno botanically selected S. pubescens against Human liver carcinoma (Hep G2), Human colon carcinoma (CaCo2) and Human breast cancer (T-47 D) cell lines.
Methods: Ethnobotanical survey was done through interviewing traditional medicinal practitioners then a potential herbal plant was selected after a thorough literature survey and its identity was confirmed. The soxhlet extraction method was adopted using five different solvents from leaf and stem bark powders of the study plant and the CTC50 of all the extracts were determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method.
Results: Among the different extracts, CTC50 values were significant for stem bark extracts made from methanol (24.51±0.08 µg/ml) against Hep G2, while leaf chloroform extract was promising (57.15±1.75 µg/ml) against CaCo2 and n-hexane extract of leaf exhibited significant value (20.27±1.52 µg/ml) against T-47 D cancer cell lines.
Conclusion: The major findings of the present study clearly provides evidence that the leaf and stem bark of S. pubescens possesses the potential anticancer bioactive compound solasodine.