bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatocyte high-mobility group box 1 protects against steatosis and cellular stress during high fat diet feeding
Authors: Lin Minjie , Long Jungke , Li Wenbo , Yang Chenxuan , Loughran Patricia , O’Doherty Robert , Billiar Timothy R. , Deng Meihong , Scott Melanie J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCirculating high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays important roles in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Intracellular HMGB1 is critical for the biology of hepatocytes. However, the intracellular role of HMGB1 in hepatocellular steatosis is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of hepatocyte-specific HMGB1 (HC-HMGB1) in development of hepatic steatosis.MethodsWild type (WT) C57BL/6 and HC-HMGB1−/−mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) for up to 16 weeks.ResultsAs expected, HMGB1 translocated from nuclear into cytoplasm and released into circulation after HFD treatment. HC-HMGB1 deficiency significantly reduced circulating HMGB1, suggesting that hepatocyte is a major source of circulating HMGB1 during NAFLD. Unexpectedly, HC-HMGB1 deficiency promoted rapid weight gain with enhanced hepatic fat deposition compared with WT at as early as 4 weeks after HFD treatment. Furthermore, there was no difference between WT and HC-HMGB1−/−mice in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure, liver damage or systemic inflammation. Interestingly, hepatic gene expression related to free fatty acid (FFA) β-oxidation was significantly down-regulated in HC-HMGB1−/−mice compared with WT, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers were significantly higher in livers of HC-HMGB1−/−mice. In vitro experiments using primary mouse hepatocytes showed absence of HMGB1 increased FFA-induced intracellular lipid accumulation, accompanied by increased ER-stress, significant downregulation of FFA β-oxidation, and reduced oxidative phosphorylation.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that hepatocyte HMGB1 protects against dysregulated lipid metabolism via maintenance of β-oxidation and prevention of ER stress. This represents a novel mechanism for HMGB1-regulation of hepatocellular steatosis, and suggests that stabilizing HMGB1 in hepatocytes may be effective strategies for prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Research on the Preparation and Spectral Characteristics of Graphene/TMDs Hetero-structures
Authors: Han Tao , Liu Hongxia , Wang Shulong , Chen Shupeng , Yang Kun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Van der Waals (vdWs) hetero-structures consist of two-dimensional materials have received extensive attention, which is due to its attractive electrical and optoelectronic properties. In this paper, the high-quality large-size graphene film was first prepared by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method; then, graphene film was transferred to SiO2/Si substrate; next, the graphene/WS2 and graphene/MoS2 hetero-structures were prepared by the atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition method, which can be achieved by directly growing WS2 and MoS2 material on graphene/SiO2/Si substrate. Finally, the test characterization of graphene/TMDs hetero-structures was performed by AFM, SEM, EDX, Raman and PL spectroscopy to obtain and grasp the morphology and luminescence laws. The test results show that graphene/TMDs vdWs hetero-structures have the very excellent film quality and spectral characteristics. There is the built-in electric field at the interface of graphene/TMDs heterojunction, which can lead to the effective separation of photo-generated electron–hole pairs. Monolayer WS2 and MoS2 material have the strong broadband absorption capabilities, the photo-generated electrons from WS2 can transfer to the underlying p-type graphene when graphene/WS2 hetero-structures material is exposed to the light, and the remaining holes can induced the light gate effect, which is contrast to the ordinary semiconductor photoconductors. The research on spectral characteristics of graphene/TMDs hetero-structures can pave the way for the application of novel optoelectronic devices.
High frequency of HPV genotypes 59, 66, 52, 51, 39 and 56 in women from Western Mexico
Authors: Molina-Pineda Andrea , López-Cardona María Guadalupe , Limón-Toledo Laura Patricia , Cantón-Romero Juan Carlos , Martínez-Silva María Guadalupe , Ramos-Sánchez Holanda Vanesa , Flores-Miramontes María Guadalupe , de la Mata-González Pedro , Jave-Suárez Luis F. , Aguilar-Lemarroy Adriana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus infection is an important factor associated with cervical cancer (CC) development. The prevalence and genotype distribution vary greatly worldwide. Examining local epidemiological data constitutes an important step towards the development of vaccines to prevent CC. In this work, we studied the prevalence of HPV genotypes in women from Western Mexico with the COBAS 4800 and/or Linear Array Genotyping Test (LA).MethodsThe samples analysed in this study represent a population from Western Mexico, which includes six different states. Our approach was first to test for HPV in cervical samples from women who attended their health clinic for routine gynaecological studies (open-population,n = 3000) by utilizing COBAS 4800. Afterwards, 300 of the HPV-positive samples were randomly selected to be genotyped with LA; finally, we genotyped samples from women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN 1,n = 71) and CC (n = 96) with LA. Sociodemographic data of the diverse groups were also compared.ResultsThe overall HPV prevalence among the open-population of women as determined by COBAS 4800 was 12.1% (n = 364/3000). Among the HPV-positive samples, single infections (SI) with HPV16 were detected in 12.4% (n = 45/364), SI with HPV18 were detected in 1.4%, and infection with at least one of the genotypes included in the high-risk HPV pool was detected in 74.5% of the cases. LA analysis of the samples showed that in addition to HPV genotypes 16 and 18, there was a high prevalence of HPV genotypes 59, 66, 52, 51, 39 and 56 in women from Western Mexico. With respect to the sociodemographic data, we found statistically significant differences in the number of pregnancies, the use of hormonal contraceptives and tobacco intake.ConclusionsOur data indicate that there is a high prevalence of HPV genotypes which are not covered by the vaccines currently available in Mexico; therefore, it is necessary to include HPVs 59, 66, 51, 39 and 56 in the design of future vaccines to reduce the risk of CC development. It is also essential to emphasize that the use of hormonal contraceptives and tobacco smoking are risk factors for CC development in addition to the presence of HPV.
Validation of PET/MRI attenuation correction methodology in the study of brain tumours
Authors: De Luca Francesca , Bolin Martin , Blomqvist Lennart , Wassberg Cecilia , Martin Heather , Falk Delgado Anna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
This study aims to compare proton density weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) zero echo time (ZTE) and head atlas attenuation correction (AC) to the reference standard computed tomography (CT) based AC for 11C-methionine positron emission tomography (PET)/MRI.

Methods
A retrospective cohort of 14 patients with suspected or confirmed brain tumour and 11C-Methionine PET/MRI was included in the study. For each scan, three AC maps were generated: ZTE–AC, atlas-AC and reference standard CT-AC. Maximum and mean standardised uptake values (SUV) were measured in the hotspot, mirror region and frontal cortex. In postoperative patients (n = 8), SUV values were additionally obtained adjacent to the metal implant and mirror region. Standardised uptake ratios (SUR) hotspot/mirror, hotspot/cortex and metal/mirror were then calculated and analysed with Bland–Altman, Pearson correlation and intraclass correlation reliability in the overall group and subgroups.

Results
ZTE–AC demonstrated narrower SD and 95% CI (Bland–Altman) than atlas-AC in the hotspot analysis for all groups (ZTE overall ≤ 2.84, − 1.41 to 1.70; metal ≤ 1.67, − 3.00 to 2.20; non-metal ≤ 3.04, − 0.96 to 3.38; Atlas overall ≤ 4.56, − 1.05 to 3.83; metal ≤ 3.87, − 3.81 to 4.64; non-metal ≤ 4.90, − 1.68 to 5.86). The mean bias for both ZTE–AC and atlas-AC was ≤ 2.4% compared to CT-AC. In the metal region analysis, ZTE–AC demonstrated a narrower mean bias range—closer to zero—and narrower SD and 95% CI (ZTE 0.21–0.48, ≤ 2.50, − 1.70 to 2.57; Atlas 0.56–1.54, ≤ 4.01, − 1.81 to 4.89). The mean bias for both ZTE–AC and atlas-AC was within 1.6%. A perfect correlation (Pearson correlation) was found for both ZTE–AC and atlas-AC compared to CT-AC in the hotspot and metal analysis (ZTE ρ 1.00, p < 0.0001; atlas ρ 1.00, p < 0.0001). An almost perfect intraclass correlation coefficient for absolute agreement was found between Atlas-, ZTE and CT maps for maxSUR and meanSUR values in all the analyses (ICC > 0.99).

Conclusions
Both ZTE and atlas-AC showed a good performance against CT-AC in patients with brain tumour.
Determinants of uptake of first dose of intermittent preventive treatment among pregnant women in a secondary health Centre in Maiduguri, Nigeria
Authors: Balami Ahmed Dahiru , Md. Said Salmiah , Mohd. Zulkefli Nor Afiah , Bachok Norsa’adah , Audu Bala 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Studies on uptake of first dose of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) are lacking, despite it being a predictor of subsequent doses. This study aimed at assessing the determinants of uptake of first dose of IPTp among pregnant women at the State Specialist Hospital, Maiduguri.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which respondents were selected using a systematic random sampling method, and structured questionnaires were used to obtain information from them. Chi-squared test was used to determine factors associated with uptake of first IPTp dose, while a further multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine its predictors.

Results
Three hundred and eighty respondents answered the survey, whose ages ranged from 15 to 45 years, and 86.8% were multigravid. Sixty five percent of them were aware of IPTp, and 34.7% believed that IPTp could be harmful to their pregnancies. Over a half of the respondents (52.9%) believed that taking all their IPTp medicines was very good for their pregnancies, while 45.0% felt that taking their IPTp medicines was very pleasant. Only two respondents (0.5%) stated that it was very untrue that their significant others thought that they should take all their IPTp medicines. Half of the respondents said it was very easy for them to take all their IPTp medicines even if they were experiencing mild discomforts while taking them. Less than a half (42.37%) had received their first dose of IPTp. In bivariate as well as multivariate analysis, only higher level of knowledge was significantly associated with uptake of first IPTp dose. Those with better knowledge of IPTp were about twice more likely to have taken their first dose of IPTp, compared to those with lower knowledge of IPTp (AOR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.17–2.92).

Conclusions
Knowledge of IPTp as well as its uptake, were sub-optimal in this study. Since knowledge of IPTp significantly predicts uptake of the first dose of IPTp, there is the need to implement health education campaigns to raise the awareness of pregnant women and their families on the need to receive and comply with it.
The effectiveness of a collaborative infertility counseling (CIC) on pregnancy outcome in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a randomized trial
Authors: Rasoulzadeh Bidgoli Mahboobeh , Latifnejad Roudsari Robab , Montazeri Ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The optimal objective of infertility treatments is to increase pregnancy rate. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a collaborative counseling program on pregnancy rate in women undergoing in vitro treatment.

Methods
This was a parallel group randomized trial on a sample of 60 women attending to an infertility research center affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences for fertility treatment. Women were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. Then, a five-session program offered to the intervention group while the control group received nothing expect the usual care. The primary outcome for the study was positive pregnancy test at the end of study. Statistical analyses including independent samples t-test were performed to explore the data.

Results
The outcome analysis showed that there were no significant differences in pregnancy rate between the intervention and the control groups (P = 0.298). Also, there were no significant differences in follicle and embryo numbers between two groups. However, a significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of oocyte numbers where the intervention group had more oocyte (P = 0.014).

Conclusion
Overall the findings indicated that the collaborative infertility counseling did not improve treatment success in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization.

Trial registration
IRCT201110267915N1. Registered 2014.07.25-Retrospectively registered (http://en.irct.ir/trial/8359).
A 12-month, prospective, observational study of ranibizumab in treatment-naïve Taiwanese patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: the RACER study
Authors: Wu Wen-Chuan , Chen Jiann-Torng , Tsai Ching-Yao , Wu Chien-Liang , Cheng Cheng-Kuo , Shen Yun-Dun , Tsai Arslan , Wu Pei-Chang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The current National Health Insurance scheme in Taiwan reimburses 3 initial plus 4 additional injections of ranibizumab 0.5 mg for eligible patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). The Ranibizumab AMD Clinical Efficacy in Real-world practice (RACER) study aimed to observe the effectiveness of ranibizumab injections under this reimbursement system.

Methods
RACER was a 12-month, prospective, observational study conducted in treatment-naïve, adult Taiwanese patients with nAMD. Patients received intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg injections in adherence with local prescribing information.

Results
Of 161 patients enrolled, 114 (70.8%) completed the 12-month study. Overall, patients received a mean (standard deviation [SD]) of 4.3 (1.7) ranibizumab injections. The mean (SD, [95% confidence interval], P value) gain in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline at Month 3 was 5.2 (12.2, [3.1, 7.3] letters, P < 0.0001) and at Month 12 was 3.4 (15.4, [0.2–6.6] letters, P = 0.0352). Mean central retinal thickness also decreased from baseline at Months 3 and 12 (both P < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, better treatment outcomes at Months 3 and 12 were observed among patients who received a loading dose and those who had a shorter duration of nAMD at baseline. Adverse events were reported in 58.4% of patients; most (94.4%) were mild-to-moderate in severity and 98.8% were deemed unrelated to study treatment.

Conclusions
Treatment with ranibizumab 0.5 mg resulted in significant improvements in visual outcomes among treatment-naïve Taiwanese patients with nAMD. Early treatment and frequent dosing in the real-world setting may be the key to achieving better outcomes.
Functional acute acquired comitant esotropia: clinical characteristics and efficacy of single Botulinum toxin type A injection
Authors: Tong Luyao , Yu Xiaoning , Tang Xiajing , Zhang Yidong , Zheng Sifan , Sun Zhaohui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo examine the clinical features of acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a single injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) on binocular visual function (BVF).MethodsThis retrospective, observational case series study enrolled patients with AACE examined from October 2018–May 2019. BTXA was injected into the both medial rectus muscles. The refractive error, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), stereoacuity, vergence, accommodation, the horizontal angle of deviation, and the gradient accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio were measured pre- and post-BTXA injection. Data pre- and postinjection were compared by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to explore the relationships between demographic characteristics and BVF.ResultsTwenty-two AACE cases were included. Compared with preinjection deviation, the postinjection deviation in the primary position was smaller for near (p < 0.001) and distance (p < 0.001) fixation at 3 months after injection (BTXA). Furthermore, convergence was better for near (p = 0.003) and distance (p < 0.001) fixation, divergence was better for near (p = 0.021) and distance (p < 0.001) fixation, accommodation was better in the right (p = 0.011) and left (p = 0.004) eyes, and the gradient AC/A ratio was better at the third month after injection (p = 0.001). Stereoacuity was improved in 11 (50%), unchanged in 5 (22.73%) and decreased in 6 (27.27%) patients. The preinjection stereoacuity (p = 0.013,r = 0.522) and preinjection deviation for near (p = 0.015 r, = − 0.512) and distance (p = 0.009,r = − 0.541) were significantly associated with patient age.ConclusionsAACE is characterized by a high AC/A ratio and low accommodation. A single injection of BTXA is effective for AACE. Deviation, stereoacuity, and the therapeutic effect of BTXA may be correlated with patient age.
Using individual stated-preferences to optimize HIV self-testing service delivery among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Malaysia: results from a conjoint-based analysis
Authors: Shrestha Roman , Alias Haridah , Wong Li P. , Altice Frederick L. , Lim Sin H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
HIV self-testing (HIVST) has the potential to improve HIV testing uptake and frequency for key populations like MSM who experience multiple barriers accessing clinic-based HIV testing. In the absence of HIVST in Malaysia, there is no guidance to inform HIVST delivery. This study investigated the acceptability of HIVST and preferences about the HIVST service delivery approaches using a standardized stated preference method.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey conducted between January and April 2019 assessed the interest in HIVST in 544 MSM in Malaysia. Participants ranked eight hypothetical HIVST service delivery program elements with varied combinations of six, two-level HIVST service delivery program attributes (cost, privacy, accuracy, kit collection site, kit type, and testing support). SPSS conjoint procedure was used to estimate the relative importance of each attribute and preference across eight possible HIVST service delivery programs.

Results
Overall, 70.4% had previously tested for HIV, and of those, 64.0% had done so in the past 6 months (45.0% of all participants). Of all the participants, 25.2% reported having used HIVST previously. The acceptability for HIVST service delivery models ranged from 44.9 to 77.1%, with mean acceptability of 56.2% across the eight hypothetical HIVST distribution scenarios. The HIVST service delivery scenario with the highest acceptability had the following attributes: no cost (free), anonymity (name not required), 99–100% accuracy, home-delivered, fingerstick, and testing support using telephone hotline or texting. HIVST cost was the most important attribute (relative importance score: RIS = 19.30) associated with acceptability, followed by anonymity (RIS = 18.41), accuracy (RIS = 17.33), kit delivery (RIS = 16.99), fingerstick kit (RIS = 15.86), and support (RIS = 12.08).

Conclusions
Acceptability for HIVST in Malaysian MSM was high but differed markedly by a number of HIVST delivery scenarios and attributes. These findings could be relevant as the Malaysian Ministry of Health is in the process of developing a regulatory framework for ensuring the quality of kits, as well as policies supporting safe use while broader implementation under national AIDS programs.
Development and first application of an audit system for screening programs based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model: an experience with breast cancer screening in the region of Lombardy (Italy)
Authors:   Gruppo PRECEDE-PROCEED, Cereda Danilo , Federici Antonio , Guarino Angela , Serantoni Grazia , Coppola Liliana , Lemma Patrizia , Rossi Paolo Giorgi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
High participation and performance are necessary conditions for the effectiveness of breast cancer screening programs. Here we describe the process to define and test a planning software application and an audit cycle based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model applied to improving breast cancer screening.
We developed a planning software application following the phases of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. The application was co-designed by local cancer screening program coordinators. An audit model was also developed. The revised application and the audit model were tested by all the coordinators of 15 breast cancer screening programs in the region of Lombardy in a 3-day workshop. The project plans produced using the application were compared with those produced in the previous year for clarity and completeness.

Results
The 9 phases of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model were adapted to screening as follows: 1) identification of program goals (i.e., participation, sensitivity, false positive); 2) epidemiological issues; 3) best practices analysis; 4) evidence-based actions to be implemented in the screening center and the relationships with partners and stakeholders; 5) priority setting and identification of solutions for each issue; 6) definition of indicators; 7) monitoring; 8) evaluation; 9) impact assessment. The application automatically generated reports for each phase. During the audit cycle, the regional health authority negotiated the targets to be reached with local authorities and collected the improvement plans generated by the application. The plans produced after the application was adopted were more standardized and had clearer indicators for monitoring and evaluation compared to those produced in the previous year.

Conclusions
The software application helps standardize criteria for planning interventions to improve screening programs and facilitates the implementation of the audit cycle.