bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycemic control and use of glucose-lowering medications in hospital-admitted type 2 diabetes patients over 80 years
Authors: Gotfredsen Ditte Resendal , Vinther Siri , Petersen Tonny Studsgaard , Cortes Rikke , Jensen Thomas Bo , Jimenez-Solem Espen , Christensen Mikkel Bring 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTreatment guidelines for type 2 diabetes (T2D) recommend avoidance of hypoglycemia and less stringent glycemic control in older patients. We examined the relation of glycemic control to glucose-lowering medications use in a cohort of patients aged>80 years with a diagnosis of T2D and a hospital admission in the Capital Region of Denmark in 2012–2016. We extracted data on medication use, diagnoses, and biochemistry from the hospitals’ records. We identified 5,172 T2D patients with high degree of co-morbidity and where 17% had an HbA1c in the range recommended for frail, comorbid, older patients with type 2 diabetes (58–75 mmol/mol (7.5–9%)). Half of the patients (n = 2,575) had an HbA1c <48 mmol/mol (<6.5%), and a majority of these (36% of all patients) did not meet the diagnostic criteria for T2D. Of patients treated with one or more glucose-lowering medications (n = 1,758), 20% had HbA1c-values <42 mmol/mol (<6%), and 1% had critically low Hba1c values <30 mmol/mol (<4.9%), In conclusion, among these hospitalized T2D patients, few had an HbA1c within the generally recommended glycemic targets. One third of patients did not meet the diagnostic criteria for T2D, and of the patients who were treated with glucose-lowering medications, one-fifth had HbA1c-values suggesting overtreatment.
Analysis of risk factors associated with acute pancreatitis after endoscopic papillectomy
Authors: Taglieri Eloy , Micelli-Neto Otávio , Bonin Eduardo Aimoré , Goldman Suzan Menasce , Kemp Rafael , dos Santos José Sebastião , Ardengh José Celso 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a common adverse event (AE) of endoscopic papillectomy (EP). Prophylactic plastic pancreatic stent (PPS) placement appears to prevent AP. We evaluated factors associated with post-EP AP by a retrospective analysis of patients with tumors of the duodenal papilla who underwent EP from January 2008 to November 2016 at 2 tertiary care centers. Clinical, laboratory, endoscopic ultrasound parameters, and PPS placement were evaluated. Seventy-two patients underwent EP (37 men), with mean age of 60.3 (31–88) years. Mean main pancreatic duct (MPD) diameter was 0.44 (0.18–1.8) cm. Mean tumor size was 1.8 (0.5–9.6) cm. Tumors were staged as uT1N0, uT2N0, and uT1N1 in 87.5%, 11.1%, and 1.4%. Thirty-eight AEs occurred in 33 (45.8%) patients, with no mortality. Total bilirubin, tumor size, MPD diameter, and PPS placement had odds ratios (ORs) of 0.82, 0.14, 0.00, and 6.43 for AP. Multivariate analysis (PPS placement × MPD diameter) showed ORs of 4.62 (95%CI, 1.03–21.32; p = 0.049) and 0.000 (95%CI, 0.00–0.74; p = 0.042) for AP. In conclusion, patients with jaundice, large tumors, and dilated MPD seem less likely to have post-EP AP. PPS placement was associated with a higher risk of AP, which may question its use.
Kinetic study of the metal-dipeptide complex with ninhydrin facilitated by gemini (m-s-m) surfactant micelles
Authors: Azum Naved , Kumar Dileep 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe three Gemini (m-s-m; m (head group) = 16 and s (spacer) = 4, 5, 6) surfactants have been synthesized and their impact on reaction of zinc(II)-glycylleucine complex ([Zn(II)-Gly-Leu]+) and ninhydrin were studied at temperature (343 K) and pH (5.0) using spectroscopic method. Influence of several factors, viz., [Zn(II)-Gly-Leu]+, [ninhydrin], temperature and pH were also carried out on title reaction in geminis. Rates of reaction are the first-order path in concentration of [Zn(II)-Gly-Leu]+complex and fractional order path in concentration of ninhydrin. The catalysis of gemini 16-s-16 surfactant micelles was investigated below and above their critical micelle concentration (cmc) value and detailed elaboration were provided in the text. In the present case, rate constants, kψ, increased on increasing geminis ([gemini] are below their cmc, region I) and stayed nearly constant (region II). The shape of (region I and II) surfactants ([gemini] = 0 to 400 × 10−5mol dm−3) are similar to a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB (single hydrophilic head group and hydrophobic part). Later, a sharp increment in rate was observed with higher [gemini] (region III, (Fig. 5). The study was catalyzed and accelerated quite enough by geminis (at concentrations below their cmc) compared to aqueous. An appropriate mechanism has been proposed for accounting for the distribution of reactants between aqueous and micellar pseudo phases. Resulting kinetic data were used to determine the binding constants of micelle-substrate (KB) and micelle-ninhydrin (KNin).
De novo transcriptome of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium identifies genes involved in the metabolism of anti-inflammatory compounds
Authors: Elagoz Ali M. , Ambrosino Luca , Lauritano Chiara 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiatoms are the most diverse and abundant group of phytoplankton species and represent a huge reservoir of marine natural products with possible application for human health. Several diatoms are known to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-microbial properties, but the compounds responsible of these activities are often still unknown. The diatom Cylindrotheca closterium showed anti-inflammatory properties inhibiting TNFα release in human monocytic leukemia cells. In this study, we present the full transcriptome of C. closterium, and used an -omic approach to identify transcripts coding enzymes that can be involved in the synthesis/degradation of anti-inflammatory compounds. This approach allowed to identify phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3, phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase and violaxanthin de-epoxidase, which are known to be involved in anti-inflammatory compound metabolism. When C. closterium was cultured in silica-starvation conditions, selected as stress condition to potentially trigger the synthesis of bioactive metabolites, anti-inflammatory activity was lost and expression levels of the analyzed transcripts were reduced. These data suggested that the control culturing condition was the most active. This study used for the first time a transcriptomic-guided approach to identify enzymes involved in anti-inflammatory compound metabolism, directing future discoveries of marine natural products in microalgae.
Identification of Novel Human Monocyte Subsets and Evidence for Phenotypic Groups Defined by Interindividual Variations of Expression of Adhesion Molecules
Authors: Merah-Mourah F. , Cohen S. O. , Charron D. , Mooney N. , Haziot A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMonocytes contribute to immune responses as a source for subsets of dendritic cells and macrophages. Human blood monocytes are classified as classical, non-classical and intermediate cells. However, the particular functions of these subsets have been hard to define, with conflicting results and significant overlaps. One likely reason for these ambiguities is in the heterogeneity of these monocyte subsets regrouping cells with divergent functions. To better define monocyte populations, we have analysed expression of 17 markers by multicolour flow cytometry in samples obtained from 28 control donors. Data acquisition was tailored to detect populations present at low frequencies. Our results reveal the existence of novel monocyte subsets detected as larger CD14+ cells that were CD16+ or CD16neg. These large monocytes differed from regular, smaller monocytes with respect to expression of various cell surface molecules, such as FcR, chemokine receptors, and adhesion molecules. Unsupervised multidimensional analysis confirmed the existence of large monocytes and revealed interindividual variations that were grouped according to unique patterns of expression of adhesion molecules CD62L, CD49d, and CD43. Distinct inflammatory responses to TLR agonists were found in small and large monocytes. Overall, refining the definition of monocyte subsets should lead to the identification of populations with specific functions.
A highly conserved complete accessory Escherichia coli type III secretion system 2 is widespread in bloodstream isolates of the ST69 lineage
Authors: Fox Stephen , Goswami Cosmika , Holden Matthew , Connolly James P. R. , Mordue James , O’Boyle Nicky , Roe Andrew , Connor Martin , Leanord Alistair , Evans Tom J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBacterial type III secretion systems (T3SSs) play an important role in pathogenesis of Gram-negative infections. Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli contain a well-defined T3SS but in addition a second T3SS termed E. coli T3SS 2 (ETT2) has been described in a number of strains of E. coli. The majority of pathogenic E. coli contain elements of a genetic locus encoding ETT2, but which has undergone significant mutational attrition rendering it without predicted function. Only a very few strains have been reported to contain an intact ETT2 locus. To investigate the occurrence of the ETT2 locus in strains of human pathogenic E. coli, we carried out genomic sequencing of 162 isolates obtained from patient blood cultures in Scotland. We found that 22 of 26 sequence type (ST) 69 isolates from this collection contained an intact ETT2 together with an associated eip locus which encodes putative secreted ETT2 effectors as well as eilA, a gene encoding a putative transcriptional regulator of ETT2 associated genes. Using a reporter gene for eilA activation, we defined conditions under which this gene was differentially activated. Analysis of published E. coli genomes with worldwide representation showed that ST69 contained an intact ETT2 in these strains as well. The conservation of the genes encoding ETT2 in human pathogenic ST69 strains strongly suggests it has importance in infection, although its exact functional role remains obscure.
Both higher fitness level and higher current physical activity level may be required for intramyocellular lipid accumulation in non-athlete men
Authors: Yamasaki Nozomu , Tamura Yoshifumi , Takeno Kageumi , Kakehi Saori , Someya Yuki , Funayama Takashi , Furukawa Yasuhiko , Kaga Hideyoshi , Suzuki Ruriko , Sugimoto Daisuke , Kadowaki Satoshi , Sato Motonori , Nakagata Takashi , Nishitani-Yokoyama Miho , Shimada Kazunori , Daida Hiroyuki , Aoki Shigeki , Satoh Hiroaki , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccumulation of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) is observed in individuals with insulin resistance as well as insulin-sensitive endurance athletes with high peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), which is called the athlete’s paradox. It remains unclear whether non-athletes with higher fitness levels have IMCL accumulation and higher insulin sensitivity in general. In this study, we investigated the association between IMCL accumulation and muscle insulin sensitivity (M-IS) in subjects with high or low VO2peak. We studied 61 nonobese (BMI, 23 to 25 kg/m2), non-athlete Japanese men. We divided the subjects into four groups based on the median value of VO2peak and IMCL in the soleus muscle. We evaluated M-IS using a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Among subjects with higher VO2peak (n = 32), half of those (n = 16) had lower IMCL levels. Both High-VO2peak groups had higher M-IS than the Low-VO2peak groups. On the other hand, M-IS was comparable between the High-VO2peak/High-IMCL and High-VO2peak/Low-IMCL groups, whereas the High-VO2peak/High-IMCL group had IMCL levels that were twice as high as those in the High-VO2peak/Low-IMCL group. On the other hand, the High-VO2peak/High-IMCL group had significantly higher physical activity levels (approximately 1.8-fold) than the other three groups. In conclusion, in nonobese, non-athlete Japanese men, subjects with higher VO2peak and higher IMCL had higher physical activity levels. IMCL accumulation is not associated with insulin resistance in individuals with higher or lower fitness levels.
Cryptochromes modulate E2F family transcription factors
Authors: Chan Alanna B. , Huber Anne-Laure , Lamia Katja A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEarly 2 factor (E2F) family transcription factors participate in myriad cell biological processes including: the cell cycle, DNA repair, apoptosis, development, differentiation, and metabolism. Circadian rhythms influence many of these phenomena. Here we find that a mammalian circadian rhythm component, Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2), regulates E2F family members. Furthermore, CRY1 and CRY2 cooperate with the E3 ligase complex SKP-CULLIN-FBXL3 (SCFFBXL3) to reduce E2F steady state protein levels. These findings reveal an unrecognized molecular connection between circadian clocks and cell cycle regulation and highlight another mechanism to maintain appropriate E2F protein levels for proper cell growth.
Ecological Risks Arising from the Impact of Large-scale Afforestation on the Regional Water Supply Balance in Southwest China
Authors: Xiao Yang , Xiao Qiang , Sun Xuefeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEcological degradation impedes sustainable development in Southwest China, and artificial afforestation has been a key strategy of the Government of China to effectively curb it. However, the water consumed by large-scale afforestation has a huge impact on water supply in Southwest China, which also arise a new challenge causing severe drought here recently. In order to determine the impact of artificial afforestation on the region, this study conducts spatiotemporal, abrupt change, and correlation and regression analyses. Results show that although water resources fluctuate, they exhibit a general declining trend. Especially after 2000, water resources showed a significant downward trend. In terms of spatial tendency, there has been an obvious decrease in water resources in the Sichuan Basin, the mountainous region of eastern Chongqing, and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau. Due to extensive afforestation and vegetation cover growth, there has been an increase in most trends of forest-shrub ecosystems, resulting in substantially enhanced evapotranspiration effects. The uptake of water by afforestation in Southwest China could reach 40.42 billion m3, which is equivalent to 10.69% of its annul available water supply (1980–2015). Generally, afforestation disrupts the water balance of the region. This study recommends substituting afforestation for natural restoration or, at the very least, selecting vegetation that requires less water for the restoration of the ecological environment of Southwest China, which provide scientific method for regional sustainable development.
Investigating the Muscular and Kinematic Responses to Sudden Wrist Perturbations During a Dynamic Tracking Task
Authors: Forman Garrick N. , Forman Davis A. , Avila-Mireles Edwin J. , Zenzeri Jacopo , Holmes Michael W. R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSudden disturbances (perturbations) to the hand and wrist are commonplace in daily activities and workplaces when interacting with tools and the environment. It is important to understand how perturbations influence forearm musculature and task performance when identifying injury mechanisms. The purpose of this work was to evaluate changes in forearm muscle activity and co-contraction caused by wrist perturbations during a dynamic wrist tracking task. Surface electromyography was recorded from eight muscles of the upper-limb. Participants performed trials consisting of 17 repetitions of ±40° of wrist flexion/extension using a robotic device. During trials, participants received radial or ulnar perturbations that were delivered during flexion or extension, and with known or unknown timing. Co-contraction ratios for all muscle pairs showed significantly greater extensor activity across all experimental conditions. Of all antagonistic muscle pairs, the flexor carpi radialis (FCR)-extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscle pair had the greatest change in co-contraction, producing 1602% greater co-contraction during flexion trials than during extensions trials. Expected perturbations produced greater anticipatory (immediately prior to the perturbation) muscle activity than unexpected, resulting in a 30% decrease in wrist displacement. While improving performance, this increase in anticipatory muscle activity may leave muscles susceptible to early-onset fatigue, which could lead to chronic overuse injuries in the workplace.
Long-term metal exposure changes gut microbiota of residents surrounding a mining and smelting area
Authors: Shao Mengmeng , Zhu Yi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this epidemiologic study, 16 S rRNA sequencing was used to investigate the changes of diversity and composition profile of gut microbiota resulting from long-term exposure to multiple metals, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cuprum (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). Due to long-term exposure to various metals, the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Eubacterium eligens, Ruminococcaceae UGG-014, Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003, Tyzzerella 3, Bacteroides, Slackia, italics, and Roseburia were found to become much higher, whereas the abundance of Prevotella 9 presented an opposite trend. Additionally, differences between males and female groups were found, such as the greater richness and evenness of bacteria for men subjected to long-term metal exposure in polluted areas. The changes of men’s microbiomes were more significant as a result of higher daily intake, mining and smelting activity, and living habits. This research presents a new theoretical basis for the correlation between long-term metal exposure and gut health for people living in contaminated areas.
Transarterial chemoembolization with medium-sized doxorubicin-eluting Callisphere is safe and effective for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Cao-ye , Xia Jin-guo , Yang Zheng-qiang , Zhou Wei-zhong , Chen Wen-hua , Qi Chun-jian , Gu Jian-ping , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe study aimed to compare the tumor response to and complications of doxorubicin-eluting CalliSphere bead-transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) using small- and medium-sized beads in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent multiple rounds of oncology therapies. Sixty patients with intermediate stage HCC who had previously received multiple oncology therapies underwent DEB-TACE with CalliSpheres of 100–300 μm (small bead group, n = 34) or 300–500 μm (medium bead group, n = 26) in diameter between October 2016 and December 2018. Adverse events and the response rate of the index tumor based on the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors at 3 months post-TACE were compared between the groups. The rates of complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease were 35.4%, 29.4%, 17.6%, and 17.6%, respectively, for the small bead group and 33.1%, 23.1%, 20.8%, and 23.0%, respectively, for the medium bead group, showing no significant between-group differences (P > 0.05). Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 grade 3/4 adverse events were reported in 8 patients in the small bead group and in no patients in the medium bead group, showing a significant group difference (P < 0.01). Major complications included 8 events of ischemic hepatitis, 2 of biloma, and 2 of severe liver abscess. DEB-TACE using CalliSpheres of 300–500 μm was associated with a comparable rate of tumor response but lower rate of complications compared with that using CalliSpheres of 100–300 μm for HCC treatment in patients who had already undergone multiple rounds of oncology therapies.
Serum metabolite profiles as potential biochemical markers in young adults with community-acquired pneumonia cured by moxifloxacin therapy
Authors: Zhou Bo , Lou Bowen , Liu Junhui , She Jianqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite the utilization of various biochemical markers and probability calculation algorithms based on clinical studies of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), more specific and practical biochemical markers remain to be found for improved diagnosis and prognosis. In this study, we aimed to detect the alteration of metabolite profiles, explore the correlation between serum metabolites and inflammatory markers, and seek potential biomarkers for young adults with CAP. 13 Eligible young mild CAP patients between the ages of 18 and 30 years old with CURB65 = 0 admitted to the respiratory medical department were enrolled, along with 36 healthy participants as control. Untargeted metabolomics profiling was performed and metabolites including alcohols, amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, etc. were detected. A total of 227 serum metabolites were detected. L-Alanine, 2-Hydroxybutyric acid, Methylcysteine, L-Phenylalanine, Aminoadipic acid, L-Tryptophan, Rhamnose, Palmitoleic acid, Decanoylcarnitine, 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid and Oxoglutaric acid were found to be significantly altered, which were enriched mainly in propanoate and tryptophan metabolism, as well as antibiotic-associated pathways. Aminoadipic acid was found to be significantly correlated with CRP levels and 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid and Palmitoleic acid with PCT levels. The top 3 metabolites of diagnostic values are 2-Hydroxybutyric acid(AUC = 0.90), Methylcysteine(AUC = 0.85), and L-Alanine(AUC = 0.84). The AUC for CRP and PCT are 0.93 and 0.91 respectively. Altered metabolites were correlated with inflammation severity and were of great diagnostic value for CAP.
Risk Factors of Clostridium Difficile Infection After Spinal Surgery: National Health Insurance Database
Authors: Sung Sahyun , Kwon Ji-Won , Lee Soo-Bin , Lee Hwan-Mo , Moon Seong-Hwan , Lee Byung Ho 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors of Clostridium Difficile infection (CDI) after spinal surgery using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) data. The incidence of postoperative CDI was investigated using HIRA data from 2012 to 2016. Cases involving CDI that occurred within a 30-day postoperative period were identified. Risk factors, including age, sex, comorbidities, postoperative infection, spinal surgery procedure, type of antibiotic, and duration of antibiotic use, were evaluated. Duration of hospital stay, medical cost, and mortality were also evaluated. In total, 71,322 patients were included. Presumed cases of CDI were identified in 57 patients, with CDI rate of 0.54 per 10,000 patient days. Advanced age, staged operation, postoperative infection, and the use of multiple antibiotics were significant risk factors. First-generation cephalosporins were shown to be associated with a lower incidence of CDI. CDI was also associated with longer hospital stays and increased medical cost, and it was an independent risk factor for increased mortality. Extra attention should be paid to patients at high risk for the development of postoperative CDI, and unnecessary use of multiple antibiotics should be avoided. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study