bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflow Dynamics in Weakly Stratified Lakes Subject to Large Isopycnal Displacements
Authors: Ramón C. L. , Priet‐Mahéo M. C. , Rueda F. J. , Andradóttir H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe effect of large‐amplitude isopycnal displacements, frequently observed in deep medium‐size arctic lakes during the ice‐free period, on the near‐ and far‐field fate of negatively buoyant river inflows is explored in this work. A three‐dimensional transport and hydrodynamic model of sub‐arctic Lake Lagarfljót was used to simulate the fate of river inflows during the summer stratification period. The intrusion dynamics are strongly affected by the amplitude and direction (downwelling/upwelling) of the isopycnal displacements induced by the wind near the river inlet. These displacements control the distance of travel of the river plume until reaching the layers with maximum density gradients (pycnocline) and, thus, the mixing ratio between the river plume and the lake water. Specifically, strong upwelling near the inlet causes the river to flow to the bottom as an underflow. Under downwelling, river plumes tend to form metalimnetic intrusions. The influence of the isopycnal displacements on the initial river fate can be parameterized using a time‐varying density Richardson number, which needs to be smoothed to account for the effects of unsteadiness. Large amplitude internal motions, of up to 70 m in Lake Lagarfljót, move deep underflows upwards to shallower basins where they could be readily incorporated into the surface mixed layer and rapidly flushed out of the lake. Metalimnetic currents associated with the V2H1 internal circulation can also accelerate riverine transport out of the lake.
Tropical Indo‐Pacific Teleconnections to Southern Ocean Mixed Layer Variability
Authors: Li Qian , England Matthew H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Southern Ocean plays a fundamental role in the global energy and carbon budgets via the uptake of large quantities of heat and carbon in subantarctic mode water (SAMW). Even though SAMW variability is closely tied to variations in mixed layer depth (MLD) and properties, little is known about what controls interannual to multidecadal MLD variations. Here we use atmospheric observations combined with a global 1/10° ocean‐sea ice model to examine the mechanisms controlling Southern Ocean mixed layer variability. We find that tropical teleconnections from the Indo‐Pacific to the Amundsen Sea Low via El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean Dipole control mixed layer variability along the path of a Rossby wave train across the South Pacific during early winter. This suggests recent multidecadal variations in mixed layer properties are likely to have been significantly impacted by transitions in the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation.
Electron Diffusion by Coexisting Plasmaspheric Hiss and Chorus Waves: Multisatellite Observations and Simulations
Authors: Yu J. , Wang J. , Li L. Y. , Cui J. , Cao J. B. , He Z. G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report a rare event of intense plasmaspheric hiss and chorus waves simultaneously observed at the same L shell but different magnetic local times by Van Allen Probes and Magnetospheric Multiscale. Based on the measured waves and electron distributions, we calculate the bounce‐averaged diffusion coefficients and subsequently simulate the temporal evolution of electron distributions. The simulations show that the dynamics of tens to hundreds of keV electrons are jointly controlled by hiss and chorus. The dynamics of MeV electrons are dominantly controlled by hiss near the loss cone but by chorus at intermediate to large pitch angles. The simulated electron distributions driven by combined diffusion can reproduce the majority of the observations. Our results provide a direct observational evidence that hiss and chorus can simultaneously occur at the same electron drifting shells due to the irregular plasmasphere and highlight the importance of their combined effect on electron dynamics.
The Influence of Prescribed Fire on Fine Particulate Matter Pollution in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Afrin Sadia , Garcia‐Menendez Fernando 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrescribed fire is the largest source of fine particulate matter emissions in the Southeastern United States, yet its air quality impacts remain highly uncertain. Here, we assess the influence of prescribed fire on observed pollutant concentrations in the region using a unique fire data set compiled from multiyear digital burn permit records. There is a significant association between prescribed fire activity and concentrations recorded at Southeastern monitoring sites, with permitted burning explaining as much as 50% variability in daily PM2.5 concentrations. This relationship varies spatially and temporally across the region and as a function of burn type. At most locations, the association between PM2.5 concentration and permitted burning is stronger than that with satellite‐derived burn area or meteorological drivers of air quality. These results highlight the value of bottom‐up data in evaluating the contribution of prescribed fire to regional air pollution and reveal a need to develop more complete burn records.
Caltech Lab Experiments and the Insights They Provide Into Solar Corona Phenomena
Authors: Bellan Paul M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA comprehensive overview of two decades of Caltech experiments relevant to solar corona physics is presented. The extent to which the experiments scale to the solar corona, the basic configurations and operation, and the importance of the magnetic force J × B common to all the experiments is discussed. Summaries are given of the various configurations used, the main observations, and interpretations of these observations, including new models developed to provide these interpretations. Topics include observations and explanations for flux rope self‐collimation, axial flows along flux ropes, eruption of arched flux ropes, strapping magnetic fields that inhibit eruption, the torus instability, and effects such as X‐ray emission of a kink‐driven secondary Rayleigh‐Taylor instability.
Reduced Brd1 expression leads to reversible depression-like behaviors and gene-expression changes in female mice
Authors: Rajkumar Anto P. , Qvist Per , Donskov Julie G. , Lazarus Ross , Pallesen Jonatan , Nava Nicoletta , Winther Gudrun , Liebenberg Nico , Cour Sanne H. la , Paternoster Veerle , Fryland Tue , Palmfeldt Johan , Fejgin Kim , Mørk Arne , Nyegaard Mette , Pakkenberg Bente , Didriksen Michael , Nyengaard Jens R. , Wegener Gregers , Mors Ole , Christensen Jane H. , Børglum Anders D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe schizophrenia-associated gene, BRD1, encodes an epigenetic regulator in which chromatin interactome is enriched with genes implicated in mental health. Alterations in histone modifications and epigenetic regulation contribute to brain transcriptomic changes in affective disorders and preclinical data supports a role for BRD1 in psychopathology. However, the implication of BRD1 on affective pathology remains poorly understood. In this study, we assess affective behaviors and associated neurobiology in Brd1+/− mice along with their responses to Fluoxetine and Imipramine. This involves behavioral, neurostructural, and neurochemical characterizations along with regional cerebral gene expression profiling combined with integrative functional genomic analyses. We report behavioral changes in female Brd1+/− mice with translational value to depressive symptomatology that can be alleviated by the administration of antidepressant medications. Behavioral changes are accompanied by altered brain morphometry and imbalances in monoaminergic systems. In accordance, gene expression changes across brain tissues reveal altered neurotransmitter signaling and cluster in functional pathways associated with depression including ‘Adrenergic-, GPCR-, cAMP-, and CREB/CREM-signaling’. Integrative gene expression analysis specifically links changes in amygdaloid intracellular signaling activity to the behavioral treatment response in Brd1+/− mice. Collectively, our study highlights the importance of BRD1 as a modulator of affective pathology and adds to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying affective disorders and their treatment response.
Follicular lymphoma in the modern era: survival, treatment outcomes, and identification of high-risk subgroups
Authors: Batlevi Connie L. , Sha Fushen , Alperovich Anna , Ni Ai , Smith Katy , Ying Zhitao , Soumerai Jacob D. , Caron Philip C. , Falchi Lorenzo , Hamilton Audrey , Hamlin Paul A. , Horwitz Steven M. , Joffe Erel , Kumar Anita , Matasar Matthew J. , Moskowitz Alison J. , Moskowitz Craig H. , Noy Ariela , Owens Colette , Palomba Lia M. , Straus David , von Keudell Gottfried , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Seshan Venkatraman E. , Younes Anas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPatients with follicular lymphoma (FL) frequently require multiple treatments during their disease course; however, survival based on lines of treatment remains poorly described in the post-rituximab era. Also, the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) score was developed to predict survival at diagnosis, yet it remains unknown whether increase in FLIPI score following an initial observation period is associated with less-favorable outcomes. To address these knowledge gaps, we retrospectively studied 1088 patients with FL grade 1–3A managed between 1998 and 2009 at our institution. Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) after first-line treatment were not reached and 4.73 years, respectively. Following successive lines of treatment, years of median OS and PFS were, respectively: after second-line, 11.7 and 1.5; third-line, 8.8 and 1.1; fourth-line, 5.3 and 0.9; fifth-line, 3.1 and 0.6; sixth-line, 1.9 and 0.5. In initially observed, subsequently treated patients, FLIPI score increase after observation was associated with inferior survival following first-line treatment. The reduced survival we observed after second-line and later therapy supports the development of new treatments for relapsed patients and benchmarks historical targets for clinical endpoints. This study also highlights the utility of changes in FLIPI score at diagnosis and after observation in identifying patients likely to have worse outcomes.
ECRG2, a novel transcriptional target of p53, modulates cancer cell sensitivity to DNA damage
Authors: Patel Harsh , Sheikh M. Saeed , Huang Ying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEsophageal Cancer-Related Gene 2 (ECRG2) is a recently identified tumor suppressor, its regulation and involvement in DNA damage response are unknown. Here, we show that DNA damage-induced ECRG2 upregulation coincided with p53 activation and occurred in a p53-dependent manner. We identified two p53-binding sites within ECRG2 promoter and found the promoter activity, mRNA, and protein expression to be regulated by p53. We show that DNA damage significantly enhanced p53 binding to ECRG2 promoter at the anticipated p53-binding sites. We identified a novel natural ECRG2 promoter variant harboring a small deletion that exists in the genomes of ~38.5% of world population and showed this variant to be defective in responding to p53 and DNA-damage. ECRG2 overexpression induced cancer cell death; ECRG2 gene disruption enhanced cell survival following anticancer drug treatments even when p53 was induced. We showed that lower expression of ECRG2 in multiple human malignancies correlated with reduced disease-free survival in patients. Collectively, our novel findings indicate that ECRG2 is an important target of p53 during DNA damage-induced response and plays a critical role in influencing cancer cell sensitivity to DNA damage-inducing cancer therapeutics.
Piezoelectric domain walls in van der Waals antiferroelectric CuInP2Se6
Authors: Dziaugys Andrius , Kelley Kyle , Brehm John A. , Tao Lei , Puretzky Alexander , Feng Tianli , O’Hara Andrew , Neumayer Sabine , Chyasnavichyus Marius , Eliseev Eugene A. , Banys Juras , Vysochanskii Yulian , Ye Feng , Chakoumakos Bryan C. , Susner Michael A. , McGuire Michael A. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Ganesh Panchapakesan , Balke Nina , Pantelides Sokrates T. , Morozovska Anna N. , Maksymovych Petro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolar van der Waals chalcogenophosphates exhibit unique properties, such as negative electrostriction and multi-well ferrielectricity, and enable combining dielectric and 2D electronic materials. Using low temperature piezoresponse force microscopy, we revealed coexistence of piezoelectric and non-piezoelectric phases in CuInP2Se6, forming unusual domain walls with enhanced piezoelectric response. From systematic imaging experiments we have inferred the formation of a partially polarized antiferroelectric state, with inclusions of structurally distinct ferrielectric domains enclosed by the corresponding phase boundaries. The assignment is strongly supported by optical spectroscopies and density-functional-theory calculations. Enhanced piezoresponse at the ferrielectric/antiferroelectric phase boundary and the ability to manipulate this entity with electric field on the nanoscale expand the existing phenomenology of functional domain walls. At the same time, phase-coexistence in chalcogenophosphates may lead to rational strategies for incorporation of ferroic functionality into van der Waals heterostructures, with stronger resilience toward detrimental size-effects.
A solution to the learning dilemma for recurrent networks of spiking neurons
Authors: Bellec Guillaume , Scherr Franz , Subramoney Anand , Hajek Elias , Salaj Darjan , Legenstein Robert , Maass Wolfgang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecurrently connected networks of spiking neurons underlie the astounding information processing capabilities of the brain. Yet in spite of extensive research, how they can learn through synaptic plasticity to carry out complex network computations remains unclear. We argue that two pieces of this puzzle were provided by experimental data from neuroscience. A mathematical result tells us how these pieces need to be combined to enable biologically plausible online network learning through gradient descent, in particular deep reinforcement learning. This learning method–called e-prop–approaches the performance of backpropagation through time (BPTT), the best-known method for training recurrent neural networks in machine learning. In addition, it suggests a method for powerful on-chip learning in energy-efficient spike-based hardware for artificial intelligence.
Global translation during early development depends on the essential transcription factor PRDM10
Authors: Han Brenda Y. , Seah Michelle K. Y. , Brooks Imogen R. , Quek Delia H. P. , Huxley Dominic R. , Foo Chuan-Sheng , Lee Li Ting , Wollmann Heike , Guo Huili , Messerschmidt Daniel M. , Guccione Ernesto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMembers of the PR/SET domain-containing (PRDM) family of zinc finger transcriptional regulators play diverse developmental roles. PRDM10 is a yet uncharacterized family member, and its function in vivo is unknown. Here, we report an essential requirement for PRDM10 in pre-implantation embryos and embryonic stem cells (mESCs), where loss of PRDM10 results in severe cell growth inhibition. Detailed genomic and biochemical analyses reveal that PRDM10 functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor. We identify Eif3b, which encodes a core component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) complex, as a key downstream target, and demonstrate that growth inhibition in PRDM10-deficient mESCs is in part mediated through EIF3B-dependent effects on global translation. Our work elucidates the molecular function of PRDM10 in maintaining global translation, establishes its essential role in early embryonic development and mESC homeostasis, and offers insights into the functional repertoire of PRDMs as well as the transcriptional mechanisms regulating translation.
Preservation of microvascular barrier function requires CD31 receptor-induced metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Cheung Kenneth C. P. , Fanti Silvia , Mauro Claudio , Wang Guosu , Nair Anitha S. , Fu Hongmei , Angeletti Silvia , Spoto Silvia , Fogolari Marta , Romano Francesco , Aksentijevic Dunja , Liu Weiwei , Li Baiying , Cheng Lixin , Jiang Liwen , Vuononvirta Juho , Poobalasingam Thanushiyan R. , Smith David M. , Ciccozzi Massimo , Solito Egle , Marelli-Berg Federica M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEndothelial barrier (EB) breaching is a frequent event during inflammation, and it is followed by the rapid recovery of microvascular integrity. The molecular mechanisms of EB recovery are poorly understood. Triggering of MHC molecules by migrating T-cells is a minimal signal capable of inducing endothelial contraction and transient microvascular leakage. Using this model, we show that EB recovery requires a CD31 receptor-induced, robust glycolytic response sustaining junction re-annealing. Mechanistically, this response involves src-homology phosphatase activation leading to Akt-mediated nuclear exclusion of FoxO1 and concomitant β-catenin translocation to the nucleus, collectively leading tocMyctranscription. CD31 signals also sustain mitochondrial respiration, however this pathway does not contribute to junction remodeling. We further show that pathologic microvascular leakage in CD31-deficient mice can be corrected by enhancing the glycolytic flux via pharmacological Akt or AMPK activation, thus providing a molecular platform for the therapeutic control of EB response.
Dissecting the sequence determinants for dephosphorylation by the catalytic subunits of phosphatases PP1 and PP2A
Authors: Hoermann Bernhard , Kokot Thomas , Helm Dominic , Heinzlmeir Stephanie , Chojnacki Jeremy E. , Schubert Thomas , Ludwig Christina , Berteotti Anna , Kurzawa Nils , Kuster Bernhard , Savitski Mikhail M. , Köhn Maja 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe phosphatases PP1 and PP2A are responsible for the majority of dephosphorylation reactions on phosphoserine (pSer) and phosphothreonine (pThr), and are involved in virtually all cellular processes and numerous diseases. The catalytic subunits exist in cells in form of holoenzymes, which impart substrate specificity. The contribution of the catalytic subunits to the recognition of substrates is unclear. By developing a phosphopeptide library approach and a phosphoproteomic assay, we demonstrate that the specificity of PP1 and PP2A holoenzymes towards pThr and of PP1 for basic motifs adjacent to the phosphorylation site are due to intrinsic properties of the catalytic subunits. Thus, we dissect this amino acid specificity of the catalytic subunits from the contribution of regulatory proteins. Furthermore, our approach enables discovering a role for PP1 as regulator of the GRB-associated-binding protein 2 (GAB2)/14-3-3 complex. Beyond this, we expect that this approach is broadly applicable to detect enzyme-substrate recognition preferences.
Integrated molecular diode as 10 MHz half-wave rectifier based on an organic nanostructure heterojunction
Authors: Li Tianming , Bandari Vineeth Kumar , Hantusch Martin , Xin Jianhui , Kuhrt Robert , Ravishankar Rachappa , Xu Longqian , Zhang Jidong , Knupfer Martin , Zhu Feng , Yan Donghang , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConsiderable efforts have been made to realize nanoscale diodes based on single molecules or molecular ensembles for implementing the concept of molecular electronics. However, so far, functional molecular diodes have only been demonstrated in the very low alternating current frequency regime, which is partially due to their extremely low conductance and the poor degree of device integration. Here, we report about fully integrated rectifiers with microtubular soft-contacts, which are based on a molecularly thin organic heterojunction and are able to convert alternating current with a frequency of up to 10 MHz. The unidirectional current behavior of our devices originates mainly from the intrinsically different surfaces of the bottom planar and top microtubular Au electrodes while the excellent high frequency response benefits from the charge accumulation in the phthalocyanine molecular heterojunction, which not only improves the charge injection but also increases the carrier density.
Electric-field-driven non-volatile multi-state switching of individual skyrmions in a multiferroic heterostructure
Authors: Wang Yadong , Wang Lei , Xia Jing , Lai Zhengxun , Tian Guo , Zhang Xichao , Hou Zhipeng , Gao Xingsen , Mi Wenbo , Feng Chun , Zeng Min , Zhou Guofu , Yu Guanghua , Wu Guangheng , Zhou Yan , Wang Wenhong , Zhang Xi-xiang , Liu Junming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElectrical manipulation of skyrmions attracts considerable attention for its rich physics and promising applications. To date, such a manipulation is realized mainly via spin-polarized current based on spin-transfer torque or spin–orbital torque effect. However, this scheme is energy consuming and may produce massive Joule heating. To reduce energy dissipation and risk of heightened temperatures of skyrmion-based devices, an effective solution is to use electric field instead of current as stimulus. Here, we realize an electric-field manipulation of skyrmions in a nanostructured ferromagnetic/ferroelectrical heterostructure at room temperature via an inverse magneto-mechanical effect. Intriguingly, such a manipulation is non-volatile and exhibits a multistate feature. Numerical simulations indicate that the electric-field manipulation of skyrmions originates from strain-mediated modification of effective magnetic anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. Our results open a direction for constructing low-energy-dissipation, non-volatile, and multistate skyrmion-based spintronic devices.
Unprecedented switching endurance affords for high-resolution surface temperature mapping using a spin-crossover film
Authors: Ridier Karl , Bas Alin-Ciprian , Zhang Yuteng , Routaboul Lucie , Salmon Lionel , Molnár Gábor , Bergaud Christian , Bousseksou Azzedine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTemperature measurement at the nanoscale is of paramount importance in the fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology, and calls for the development of versatile, high-resolution thermometry techniques. Here, the working principle and quantitative performance of a cost-effective nanothermometer are experimentally demonstrated, using a molecular spin-crossover thin film as a surface temperature sensor, probed optically. We evidence highly reliable thermometric performance (diffraction-limited sub-µm spatial, µs temporal and 1 °C thermal resolution), which stems to a large extent from the unprecedented quality of the vacuum-deposited thin films of the molecular complex [Fe(HB(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)3)2] used in this work, in terms of fabrication and switching endurance (>107 thermal cycles in ambient air). As such, our results not only afford for a fully-fledged nanothermometry method, but set also a forthcoming stage in spin-crossover research, which has awaited, since the visionary ideas of Olivier Kahn in the 90’s, a real-world, technological application.