bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School-going transgender youths’ experiences at health care facilities: a systematic scoping review protocol
Authors: Mulqueeny Delarise M. , Nkabini Senzelokuhle M. , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani P. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Globally, miniscule improvements have been implemented regarding equality, inclusion, access, and protection of people with diverse gender identities whilst accessing health care facilities of which transgender youth form part. Literature has highlighted that the care transgender youth receive at health care facilities can result in positive or negative outcomes. School-going transgender youth constitute a unique group whose experiences at health care facilities warrant ongoing research. Hence, the objective of this scoping review is to systematically map evidence of school-going transgender youths’ experiences at health care facilities regarding service delivery, support, and policies and to identify literature gaps that could inform future research.

Methods
We will conduct a scoping review, using peer-reviewed journal articles that present literature on school-going transgender youths’ experiences at health care facilities. Searches for relevant articles will be conducted on the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Campbell collaboration, Scopus, Embase, and MEDLINE. Additional searches will be conducted on institutional websites or web-based search portals. Two reviewers will independently extract data from all relevant search engines incorporating the study objective, research questions, and eligibility criteria. The inclusion criteria include published full-text qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method studies that address the topic with no language and publication year limitations to reflect a comprehensive range of literature that includes the implementation of the SDGs. All literature that does not meet the inclusion criteria will be excluded. The quality of included studies will be appraised using the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) – version 2018.

Discussion
We anticipate mapping the experiences of school-going transgender youth at health care facilities. Once summarized, the data could be useful to clinical educators, health workers, policy makers, and guide future research to ensure that the human and patients’ rights of transgender youth, are globally acknowledged, protected, and respected within health care facilities.
Human iPSCs derived astrocytes rescue rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in vitro by donating functional mitochondria
Authors: Cheng Xiao-Yu , Biswas Sangita , Li Juan , Mao Cheng-Jie , Chechneva Olga , Chen Jing , Li Kai , Li Jiao , Zhang Jin-Ru , Liu Chun-Feng , Deng Wen-Bin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the neurodegeneration diseases characterized by the gradual loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. Substantial evidence indicates that at the cellular level mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor leading to pathological features such as neuronal death and accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein aggregations. Autologous transplantation of healthy purified mitochondria has shown to attenuate phenotypes in vitro and in vivo models of PD. However, there are significant technical difficulties in obtaining large amounts of purified mitochondria with normal function. In addition, the half-life of mitochondria varies between days to a few weeks. Thus, identifying a continuous source of healthy mitochondria via intercellular mitochondrial transfer is an attractive option for therapeutic purposes. In this study, we asked whether iPSCs derived astrocytes can serve as a donor to provide functional mitochondria and rescue injured DA neurons after rotenone exposure in an in vitro model of PD.

Methods
We generated DA neurons and astrocytes from human iPSCs and hESCs. We established an astroglial-neuronal co-culture system to investigate the intercellular mitochondrial transfer, as well as the neuroprotective effect of mitochondrial transfer. We employed immunocytochemistry and FACS analysis to track mitochondria.

Results
We showed evidence that iPSCs-derived astrocytes or astrocytic conditioned media (ACM) can rescue DA neurons degeneration via intercellular mitochondrial transfer in a rotenone induced in vitro PD model. Specifically, we showed that iPSCs-derived astrocytes from health spontaneously release functional mitochondria into the media. Mito-Tracker Green tagged astrocytic mitochondria were detected in the ACM and were shown to be internalized by the injured neurons via a phospho-p38 depended pathway. Transferred mitochondria were able to significantly reverse DA neurodegeneration and axonal pruning following exposure to rotenone. When rotenone injured neurons were cultured in presence of ACM depleted of mitochondria (by ultrafiltration), the neuroprotective effects were abolished.

Conclusions
Our studies provide the proof of principle that iPSCs-derived astrocytes can act as mitochondria donor to the injured DA neurons and attenuate pathology. Using iPSCs derived astrocytes as a donor can provide a novel strategy that can be further developed for cellular therapy for PD.
False data injection attack (FDIA): an overview and new metrics for fair evaluation of its countermeasure
Authors: Ahmed Mohiuddin , Pathan Al-Sakib Khan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe concept of false data injection attack (FDIA) was introduced originally in the smart grid domain. While the term sounds common, it specifically means the case when an attacker compromises sensor readings in such tricky way that undetected errors are introduced into calculations of state variables and values. Due to the rapid growth of the Internet and associated complex adaptive systems, cyber attackers are interested in exploiting similar attacks in other application domains such as healthcare, finance, defense, governance, etc. In today’s increasingly perilous cyber world of complex adaptive systems, FDIA has become one of the top-priority issues to deal with. It is a necessity today for greater awareness and better mechanism to counter such attack in the cyberspace. Hence, this work presents an overview of the attack, identifies the impact of FDIA in critical domains, and talks about the countermeasures. A taxonomy of the existing countermeasures to defend against FDIA is provided. Unlike other works, we propose some evaluation metrics for FDIA detection and also highlight the scarcity of benchmark datasets to validate the performance of FDIA detection techniques.
Product experiences of clothing attachment in baby boomers in the United States
Authors: Ceballos Lina M. , Min Seoha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite the importance of the baby boomer generation, there is relatively scarce research focused on that consumer group. Based on the framework of product experience, this study explores the experiences of older baby boomers associated with consumer-clothing attachment. The interpretive approach utilized in-depth interviews with 18 older baby boomers born between 1946 and 1955 to enquire about their experiences with attached clothing. Participants were asked to bring to the interview photographs of the clothing they had become more attached to. Findings indicate that the experiences of older baby boomers with attached clothing are mainly created, developed, and maintained via all three dimensions of product experience; aesthetic properties of the product, positive emotions triggered by the product, and the symbolic and instrumental meanings associated with the product. However, the aesthetic properties and positive emotions related to those products were bound to its assigned meanings. Meaning varied and was classified as associations with: identity or the belief that the object is a self-extension; memories or the connection with the past; social standing or sense of status; and strong associations with utility. For all participants, the stronger the experience of meaning with a specific product, the stronger the level of attachment towards that product. This qualitative investigation extends the understanding of the framework of product experience and the concept of consumer-clothing attachment. Contributions offer opportunities to marketers and designers who seek to better understand the experiences behind baby boomers’ clothing attachment.
Multiresolution Application of Artificial Intelligence in Digital Pathology for Prediction of Positive Lymph Nodes From Primary Tumors in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Harmon Stephanie A. , Sanford Thomas H. , Brown G. Thomas , Yang Chris , Mehralivand Sherif , Jacob Joseph M. , Valera Vladimir A. , Shih Joanna H. , Agarwal Piyush K. , Choyke Peter L. , Turkbey Baris 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE To develop an artificial intelligence (AI)–based model for identifying patients with lymph node (LN) metastasis based on digital evaluation of primary tumors and train the model using cystectomy specimens available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Project; patients from our institution were included for validation of the leave-out test cohort. METHODS In all, 307 patients were identified for inclusion in the study (TCGA, n = 294; in-house, n = 13). Deep learning models were trained from image patches at 2.5×, 5×, 10×, and 20× magnifications, and spatially resolved prediction maps were combined with microenvironment (lymphocyte infiltration) features to derive a final patient-level AI score (probability of LN metastasis). Training and validation included 219 patients (training, n = 146; validation, n = 73); 89 patients (TCGA, n = 75; in-house, n = 13) were reserved as an independent testing set. Multivariable logistic regression models for predicting LN status based on clinicopathologic features alone and a combined model with AI score were fit to training and validation sets. RESULTS Several patients were determined to have positive LN metastasis in TCGA (n = 105; 35.7%) and in-house (n = 3; 23.1%) cohorts. A clinicopathologic model that considered using factors such as age, T stage, and lymphovascular invasion demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.755 (95% CI, 0.680 to 0.831) in the training and validation cohorts compared with the cross validation of the AI score (likelihood of positive LNs), which achieved an AUC of 0.866 (95% CI, 0.812 to 0.920; P = .021). Performance in the test cohort was similar, with a clinicopathologic model AUC of 0.678 (95% CI, 0.554 to 0.802) and an AI score of 0.784 (95% CI, 0.702 to 0.896; P = .21). In addition, the AI score remained significant after adjusting for clinicopathologic variables ( P = 1.08 × 10−9), and the combined model significantly outperformed clinicopathologic features alone in the test cohort with an AUC of 0.807 (95% CI, 0.702 to 0.912; P = .047). CONCLUSION Patients who are at higher risk of having positive LNs during cystectomy can be identified on primary tumor samples using novel AI-based methodologies applied to digital hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides.
Dynein-mediated microtubule translocation powering neurite outgrowth in chick and Aplysia neurons requires microtubule assembly
Authors: McElmurry Kristi , Stone Jessica E. , Ma Donghan , Lamoureux Phillip , Zhang Yueyun , Steidemann Michelle , Fix Lucas , Huang Fang , Miller Kyle E. , Suter Daniel M. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Previously, we have shown that bulk microtubule (MT) movement correlates with neurite elongation, and blocking either dynein activity or MT assembly inhibits both processes. However, whether the contributions of MT dynamics and dynein activity to neurite elongation are separate or interdependent is unclear. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanism by testing the roles of dynein and MT assembly in neurite elongation of Aplysia and chick neurites using time-lapse imaging, fluorescent speckle microscopy, super-resolution imaging and biophysical analysis. Pharmacologically inhibiting either dynein activity or MT assembly reduced neurite elongation rates as well as bulk and individual MT anterograde translocation. Simultaneously suppressing both processes did not have additive effects, suggesting a shared mechanism of action. Single-molecule switching nanoscopy revealed that inhibition of MT assembly decreased the association of dynein with MTs. Finally, inhibiting MT assembly prevented the rise in tension induced by dynein inhibition. Taken together, our results suggest that MT assembly is required for dynein-driven MT translocation and neurite outgrowth.
To the question of psychological features of formation of delinquent behavior of the minor
Authors: Teregulova Oxana 
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the main social and psychological factors affecting the formation of the personality of a minor offender, as well as delinquent behavior. The interrelation between different types of character accentuations and formation of delinquent behavior of minors is described. The basic prerequisites of delinquent behavior, such as neglect, impunity, shortcomings in the educational process and the social environment are also considered.
The article is based on the data of three focus groups, which discussed the causes and methods of preventing juvenile delinquency. The first focus group was held with the participation of the heads of the DSS Of different regions of Russia. The second was attended by the leaders of PD of different regions of Russia.
Respondents of these groups concluded that impunity, lack of fear and responsibility for their actions is the main factor contributing to the formation of delinquent behavior of minors. Also of great importance is the organization of leisure activities of minors and their involvement in socially useful activities.
Lack of control, a large amount of free time in minors, the lack of realization of their potential are dangerous factors that create the preconditions for the Commission of illegal acts. According to the respondents of both focus groups, it is necessary to pay special attention to the organization of leisure activities of minors, to ensure their employment in various sports, socially useful and creative activities that should be controlled by adults.
The media, especially the Internet, also have a detrimental impact. A detailed description of how and when crimes are committed, how "easy money "is a kind of" textbook of criminal activity» for minors.
In addition, as a prevention of illegal activities of minors, respondents indicated increased penalties.
The second focus group was held with minors aged 15-16 years.
The respondents of this focus group came to the conclusion that the main factor influencing the formation of delinquent behavior of minors is the social environment. They also expressed the opinion on the need for more preventive work and clarification of the law.
Thus, the article considers the main factors and reasons for the formation of delinquent behavior of minors, studied different points of view on this issue and identifies ways to combat this problem.
Professional reliability of engineering: correlation of research approaches
Authors: Balakshina Elena 
Published: April 2020

The article contains the results of theoretical analysis on the problem of determining psychological factors of reliability of professional activity of the engineer. This trend is due to the interest and popularity of modern technical professions in the educational and economic spheres, as well as the need to implement tasks to train specialists able to successfully integrate into the production process, to perform job duties qualitatively. The differences and peculiarities of engineering activity are specified on the example of professionals engaged in various labour spheres (industry, education), as well as the spectrum of modern engineering professions, whose activity has significant differences from "standard" technical directions, which require additional attention in the process of disclosure of its psychological content.
It is noted that despite the vast experience in the field of theoretical and practical research of professional activities of different specifications and psychological criteria of evaluation of its quality of development, revealing peculiarities of formation of professional reliability of the specialist very little. Most works pay special attention to the structure of professionally significant qualities or personal-professional qualities, ensuring the safety of activities on the example of professions with public order, public servants and teachers, but the aspects of reliability of engineering are insufficiently and generically represented, which made the developments of this direction relevant.
neurotic: Neuroscience Tool for Interactive Characterization
Authors: Gill Jeffrey P. , Garcia Samuel , Ting Lena H. , Wu Mengnan , Chiel Hillel J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA software tool for synchronization of video with signals would be of broad general use to behavioral neuroscientists. A new program, calledneurotic(NEUROscience Tool for Interactive Characterization), allows users to review and annotate signal data synchronized with video, performs simple initial analyses including signal filtering and spike detection, is easy to use, and supports a variety of file formats. The program also facilitates collaborations by using a portable specification for loading and processing data and retrieving data files from online sources. Two examples are shown in which the software is used to explore experimental datasets with extracellular nerve or muscle recordings and simultaneous video of behavior. The configuration specification for controlling how data are located, loaded, processed, and plotted is also summarized. Algorithms for spike detection and burst detection are demonstrated. This new program could be used in many applications in which behavior and signals need to be analyzed together.
Lateralized Expression of Cortical Perineuronal Nets during Maternal Experience is Dependent on MECP2
Authors: Lau Billy Y. B. , Layo Dana E. , Emery Brett , Everett Matthew , Kumar Anushree , Stevenson Parker , Reynolds Kristopher G. , Cherosky Andrew , Bowyer Sarah-Anne H. , Roth Sarah , Fisher Delaney G. , McCord Rachel P. , Krishnan Keerthi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCortical neuronal circuits along the sensorimotor pathways are shaped by experience during critical periods of heightened plasticity in early postnatal development. After closure of critical periods, measured histologically by the formation and maintenance of extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs), the adult mouse brain exhibits restricted plasticity and maturity. Mature PNNs are typically considered to be stable structures that restrict synaptic plasticity on cortical parvalbumin+ (PV+) GABAergic neurons. Changes in environment (i.e., novel behavioral training) or social contexts (i.e., motherhood) are known to elicit synaptic plasticity in relevant neural circuitry. However, little is known about concomitant changes in the PNNs surrounding the cortical PV+ GABAergic neurons. Here, we show novel changes in PNN density in the primary somatosensory cortex (SS1) of adult female mice after maternal experience [called surrogate (Sur)], using systematic microscopy analysis of a whole brain region. On average, PNNs were increased in the right barrel field and decreased in the left forelimb regions. Individual mice had left hemisphere dominance in PNN density. Using adult female mice deficient in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), an epigenetic regulator involved in regulating experience-dependent plasticity, we found that MECP2 is critical for this precise and dynamic expression of PNN. Adult naiveMecp2-heterozygous (Het) females had increased PNN density in specific subregions in both hemispheres before maternal experience, compared with wild-type (WT) littermate controls. The laterality in PNN expression seen in naive Het (NH) was lost after maternal experience in Sur Het (SH) mice, suggesting possible intact mechanisms for plasticity. Together, our results identify subregion and hemisphere-specific alterations in PNN expression in adult females, suggesting extracellular matrix plasticity as a possible neurobiological mechanism for adult behaviors in rodents.
GAD2 Expression Defines a Class of Excitatory Lateral Habenula Neurons in Mice that Project to the Raphe and Pontine Tegmentum
Authors: Quina Lely A. , Walker Andrew , Morton Glenn , Han Victor , Turner Eric. E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe lateral habenula (LHb) sends complex projections to several areas of the mesopontine tegmentum, the raphe, and the hypothalamus. However, few markers have been available to distinguish subsets of LHb neurons that may serve these pathways. In order to address this complexity, we examined the mouse and rat LHb for neurons that express the GABA biosynthesis enzymes glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) and GAD2, and the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT). The mouse LHb contains a population of neurons that express GAD2, while the rat LHb contains discrete populations of neurons that express GAD1 and VGAT. However, we could not detect single neurons in either species that co-express a GABA synthetic enzyme and VGAT, suggesting that these LHb neurons do not use GABA for conventional synaptic transmission. Instead, all of the neuronal types expressing a GABAergic marker in both species showed co-expression of the glutamate transporter VGluT2. Anterograde tract-tracing of the projections of GAD2-expressing LHb neurons inGad2Cremice, combined with retrograde tracing from selected downstream nuclei, show that LHb-GAD2 neurons project selectively to the midline structures in the mesopontine tegmentum, including the median raphe (MnR) and nucleus incertus (NI), and only sparsely innervate the hypothalamus, rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Postsynaptic recording of LHb-GAD2 neuronal input to tegmental neurons confirms that glutamate, not GABA, is the fast neurotransmitter in this circuit. Thus, GAD2 expression can serve as a marker for functional studies of excitatory neurons serving specific LHb output pathways in mice.