bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Gas-Phase Metallicity and Resolved Abundances in Star-forming Galaxies at z ≈ 0.6 – 1.8
Authors: Gillman S , Tiley A L , Swinbank A M , Dudzevičiūtė U , Sharples R M , Smail Ian , Harrison C M , Bunker Andrew J , Bureau Martin , Cirasuolo M , Magdis Georgios E , Mendel Trevor , Stott John P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present an analysis of the chemical abundance properties of ≈650 star-forming galaxies at z ≈ 0.6 – 1.8. Using integral-field observations from the K - band Multi-Object Spectrograph (KMOS), we quantify the [N ii]/Hα emission-line ratio, a proxy for the gas-phase Oxygen abundance within the interstellar medium. We define the stellar mass – metallicity relation at z ≈ 0.6 – 1.0 and z ≈ 1.2 – 1.8 and analyse the correlation between the scatter in the relation and fundamental galaxy properties (e.g. Hα star-formation rate, Hα specific star-formation rate, rotation dominance, stellar continuum half-light radius and Hubble-type morphology). We find that for a given stellar mass, more highly star-forming, larger and irregular galaxies have lower gas-phase metallicities, which may be attributable to their lower surface mass densities and the higher gas fractions of irregular systems. We measure the radial dependence of gas-phase metallicity in the galaxies, establishing a median, beam smearing-corrected, metallicity gradient of ΔZ/ΔR= 0.002 ± 0.004 dex kpc−1, indicating on average there is no significant dependence on radius. The metallicity gradient of a galaxy is independent of its rest-frame optical morphology, whilst correlating with its stellar mass and specific star-formation rate, in agreement with an inside-out model of galaxy evolution, as well as its rotation dominance. We quantify the evolution of metallicity gradients, comparing the distribution of ΔZ/ΔR in our sample with numerical simulations and observations at z ≈ 0 – 3. Galaxies in our sample exhibit flatter metallicity gradients than local star-forming galaxies, in agreement with numerical models in which stellar feedback plays a crucial role redistributing metals.
The distribution of neutral hydrogen in the colour–magnitude plane of galaxies
Authors: Dutta Saili , Khandai Nishikanta 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the conditional H i (neutral hydrogen) mass function (HIMF) conditioned on observed optical properties, Mr (r-band absolute magnitude), and Cur (u − r colour), for a sample of 7709 galaxies from Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (40 per cent data release – α.40) which overlaps with a common volume in SDSS DR7. Based on the conditional HIMF, we find that the luminous red, luminous blue, and faint blue populations dominate the total HIMF at the high-mass end, knee, and the low-mass end, respectively. We use the conditional HIMF to derive the underlying distribution function of ΩH i (H i density parameter), p(ΩH i), in the colour–magnitude plane of galaxies. The distribution, p(ΩH i), peaks in the blue cloud at $\mathit{ M_{{r}}}^{\text{max}}=-19.25, \mathit{ C_{{ur}}}^{\text{max}}=1.44$ but is skewed. It has a long tail towards faint blue galaxies, and luminous red galaxies. We argue that p(ΩH i) can be used to reveal the underlying relation between cold gas, stellar mass, and the star formation rate in an unbiased way, that is, the derived relation does not suffer from survey or sample selection.
The deubiquitinase USP36 Regulates DNA replication stress and confers therapeutic resistance through PrimPol stabilization
Authors: Yan Yuanliang , Xu Zhijie , Huang Jinzhou , Guo Guijie , Gao Ming , Kim Wootae , Zeng Xiangyu , Kloeber Jake A , Zhu Qian , Zhao Fei , Luo Kuntian , Lou Zhenkun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
PrimPol has been recently identified as a DNA damage tolerant polymerase that plays an important role in replication stress response. However, the regulatory mechanisms of PrimPol are not well defined. In this study, we identify that the deubiquitinase USP36 interferes with degradation of PrimPol to regulate the replication stress response. Mechanistically, USP36 is deubiquitinated following DNA replication stress, which in turn facilitates its upregulation and interaction with PrimPol. USP36 deubiquitinates K29-linked polyubiquitination of PrimPol and increases its protein stability. Depletion of USP36 results in replication stress-related defects and elevates cell sensitivity to DNA-damage agents, such as cisplatin and olaparib. Moreover, USP36 expression positively correlates with the level of PrimPol protein and poor prognosis in patient samples. These findings indicate that the regulation of PrimPol K29-linked ubiquitination by USP36 plays a critical role in DNA replication stress and chemotherapy response.
PANTHER version 16: a revised family classification, tree-based classification tool, enhancer regions and extensive API
Authors: Mi Huaiyu , Ebert Dustin , Muruganujan Anushya , Mills Caitlin , Albou Laurent-Philippe , Mushayamaha Tremayne , Thomas Paul D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
PANTHER (Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships, http://www.pantherdb.org) is a resource for the evolutionary and functional classification of protein-coding genes from all domains of life. The evolutionary classification is based on a library of over 15,000 phylogenetic trees, and the functional classifications include Gene Ontology terms and pathways. Here, we analyze the current coverage of genes from genomes in different taxonomic groups, so that users can better understand what to expect when analyzing a gene list using PANTHER tools. We also describe extensive improvements to PANTHER made in the past two years. The PANTHER Protein Class ontology has been completely refactored, and 6101 PANTHER families have been manually assigned to a Protein Class, providing a high level classification of protein families and their genes. Users can access the TreeGrafter tool to add their own protein sequences to the reference phylogenetic trees in PANTHER, to infer evolutionary context as well as fine-grained annotations. We have added human enhancer-gene links that associate non-coding regions with the annotated human genes in PANTHER. We have also expanded the available services for programmatic access to PANTHER tools and data via application programming interfaces (APIs). Other improvements include additional plant genomes and an updated PANTHER GO-slim.
Trade-off analysis of agri-food systems for sustainable research and development
Authors: Antle John M , Valdivia Roberto O 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTradeoff Analysis (TOA) is an approach to positive analysis that combines foresight analysis and simulation modeling tools from the relevant disciplines, including economics, in a participatory process designed to formulate and evaluate forward-looking, strategic decisions under high levels of uncertainty in complex systems. We motivate TOA with a prototype framework for the design and evaluation of public-good agricultural research for sustainable development. We discuss the advantages of TOA over conventional economic analysis-Benefit-Cost Analysis-for the design and evaluation of sustainable development pathways. The remainder of the paper describes the currently available modeling tools and their strengths and limitations for use in TOA, and illustrates recent applications with cross-scale case studies. We conclude with a discussion of the opportunities and challenges for the use of foresight analysis and TOA in research priority setting and management at global and project levels, using the case of the CGIAR to illustrate.
The effect of consumers’ supermarket competence on information search and shopping outcomes in two Balkan cities
Authors: Grunert Klaus G , Haas Rainer , Imami Drini , Miftari Iliriana 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Distribution systems for food can change quickly in emergent markets, requiring new competences for consumers, and even in some European countries we have seen considerable changes in the distribution system for food in recent decades, raising the question whether consumers have acquired corresponding competences. We take two Balkan countries, Albania and Kosovo, as a case in point and measure consumers’ competence in dealing with package and price information in supermarkets and how this affects their information search behavior and the outcome of their shopping trips in terms of shopping pleasure, shopping trip satisfaction, and perceived risk. Results from data collected in the two countries’ main cities, Pristina and Tirana, show that higher levels of competence lead to more information search and better shopping outcomes, but that information search in certain cases can also increase perceived risk and diminish pleasure and satisfaction. In addition, considerable differences in the two cities can be found, which can be linked to differences in their history.
“Positive discrimination doesn’t mean anything”: Understanding Black French Ambivalence toward Affirmative Action
Authors: Fleming Crystal M , Girma Hewan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing in-depth qualitative interviews with French Caribbeans of African descent (N=52) in the Paris region, this study examines minority perspectives on the possibility of racial or ethnic affirmative action in France. Through a narrative analysis of their justifications for supporting or criticizing affirmative action, we find that the majority of our respondents expressed reservations over the possibility of quotas and other affirmative action initiatives, with many describing ambivalent views and mixed emotions. In explaining their discomfort with the idea and implementation of affirmative action, respondents point to concerns over the efficacy and legitimacy of such policies, a moral defense of meritocracy, and their own reluctance to admit the failures of French Republicanism. Critics of affirmative action combine race-conscious and colorblind discourse, expressing both a challenge to colorblind notions of universalism and a nostalgic appeal to its rhetoric. With regard to migration status, we find that members of the second-generation express more ambivalent views, while members of the first generation are more emphatic in their opposition. Finally, we argue for greater attention to the dynamics of racial ambivalence in the study of anti-racism and affirmative action.
Genomic epidemiology of coxsackievirus A16 in mainland of China, 2000–18
Authors: Han Zhenzhi , Song Yang , Xiao Jinbo , Jiang Lili , Huang Wei , Wei Haiyan , Li Jie , Zeng Hanri , Yu Qiuli , Li Jiameng , Yu Deshan , Zhang Yanjun , Li Chonghai , Zhan Zhifei , Shi Yonglin , Xiong Ying , Wang Xianjun , Ji Tianjiao , Yang Qian , Zhu Shuangli , Yan Dongmei , Xu Wenbo , Zhang Yong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which is a frequently reported and concerning disease worldwide, is a severe burden on societies globally, especially in the countries of East and Southeast Asia. Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) is one of the most important causes of HFMD and a severe threat to human health, especially in children under 5 years of age. To investigate the epidemiological characteristics, spread dynamics, recombinant forms (RFs), and other features of CV-A16, we leveraged the continuous surveillance data of CV-A16-related HFMD cases collected over an 18-year period. With the advent of the EV-A71 vaccine since 2016, which targeted the EV-A71-related HFMD cases, EV-A71-related HFMD cases decreased dramatically, whereas the CV-A16-related HFMD cases showed an upward trend from 2017 to October 2019. The CV-A16 strains observed in this study were genetically related and widely distributed in the mainland of China. Our results show that three clusters (B1a–B1c) existed in the mainland of China and that the cluster of B1b dominates the diffusion of CV-A16 in China. We found that eastern China played a decisive role in seeding the diffusion of CV-A16 in China, with a more complex and variant transmission trend. Although EV-A71 vaccine was launched in China in 2016, it did not affect the genetic diversity of CV-A16, and its genetic diversity did not decline, which confirmed the epidemiological surveillance trend of CV-A16. Two discontinuous clusters (2000–13 and 2014–18) were observed in the full-length genome and arranged along the time gradient, which revealed the reason why the relative genetic diversity of CV-A16 increased and experienced more complex fluctuation model after 2014. In addition, the switch from RFs B (RF-B) and RF-C co-circulation to RF-D contributes to the prevalence of B1b cluster in China after 2008. The correlation between genotype and RFs partially explained the current prevalence of B1b. This study provides unprecedented full-length genomic sequences of CV-A16 in China, with a wider geographic distribution and a long-term time scale. The study presents valuable information about CV-A16, aimed at developing effective control strategies, as well as a call for a more robust surveillance system, especially in the Asia-Pacific region.
Role of Body Cast Application for Scoliosis Associated With Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: van Bosse Harold J.P. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic syndrome, with a prevalence of infantile scoliosis of ~23%. These curves are likely related to severe hypotonia. Approximately 15% of children with PWS will need surgical intervention for their scoliosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of curing or controlling moderate and severe infantile scoliosis curves in children with PWS.

Methods:
This single institution, retrospective study of patients with PWS and infantile scoliosis reviewed 34 consecutive children with >24 months follow-up from initiation of serial spinal casting. Cobb angle comparison measurements of radiographs taken precasting, during treatment, and at follow-up were performed. Rib-vertebral angle difference, Nash-Moe rotation, and space available for lung measurements were followed. Outcomes were stratified as “Cured,” “Braced,” and “Surgery.”

Results:
Average age for first cast for the entire study was 32 months (range, 14 to 64), undergoing 8 casts (range, 3 to 18) over 25 months (range, 9 to 57) for an initial curve of 54 degrees (range, 27 to 106 degrees), which improved to 27 degrees (range, 11 to 78 degrees). In total, 12 patients (35%) were in the Cured group, following 6 casts over 17 months, with an initial curve of 44±14 degrees improving to 17±5 degrees at the end of treatment, and 20±18 degrees at 68-month follow-up. In total, 18 patients were in the Braced group, with curves initially improving from 55±14 degrees to 35±14 degrees, but at 47±20 degrees at 51-month follow-up. Four patients needed surgery, with initial curves 85 degrees (range, 54 to 106 degrees), but surgery could be postponed 56 months (range, 40 to 73) by casting. Rib-vertebral angle difference was not prognostic.

Conclusions:
Serial spinal casting is effective in for treating infantile scoliosis in children with PWS. One third of patients had their curve resolved, at least temporarily, where they were braced and cast free. The others were able to delay surgery for a number of years. Initial curves <50 degrees in children <3 years of age seem to have the best prognosis.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
A Novel Small Deletion in the ATP2A2 Gene in a Patient with Sporadic Darier's Disease and Concomitant Depression: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Chong , Luan Jing , Niu Zhen-Min , Huang Qiong , Zhang Zheng-Hua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Darier's disease is a rare autosomal dominant skin disorder caused by mutations in ATP2A2. Recently, the high prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms is frequently reported in Darier's disease patients.
We present a case of patient with concurrence of Darier's disease and depression and detected the mutations in ATP2A2.

Case presentation:
A 29-year-old man presented with a 15-year history of brown, harsh keratotic papules on his scalp, face, neck, trunk, axilla, ingunia and upper limbs. Meanwhile, he had persistent depression. He was diagnosed as Darier's disease according to clinical manifestations and result of histological examination. We sequenced all coding regions of ATP2A2. The mutation c.2993_2994del (p. Val998Alafs∗33) in exon 20 of ATP2A2 was detected.

Discussion:
Darier's disease has been associated with several extracutaneous manifestations, in particular neuropsychiatric morbidity. Likely gene disrupting mutations in ATP2A2 was reported to have a close relationship to Darier's disease cases with reported co-occurring neuropsychiatric features. Consistent with the previous reports, an likely gene disrupting mutations was detected in our patient with concurrence of DD and depression.

Conclusion:
The psychiatric disorders in patients with Darier's disease should be well appreciated .The underlying mechanism in correlation between the mutation in ATP2A2 and neuropsychiatric phenotypes in Darier's disease remain unclarified and warrants further investigation.
Sex-Related Differences in the Risk of Silicosis Among Chinese Pottery Workers
Authors: Poinen-Rughooputh Satiavani , Rughooputh Mahesh Shumsher , Guo Yanjun , Lai Hanpeng , Sun Weiwei , Chen Weihong 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
To investigate the effect of sex on the risk of silicosis and to explore any interaction between cigarette smoking and sex in the development of silicosis.

Methods:
The cohort was selected from eight Chinese pottery factories. Diagnoses of silicosis were based on 1986 Chinese pneumoconiosis Roentgen diagnostic criteria. Data on cigarette smoking were collected by face-to-face interviews in 1989 and 2003.

Results:
Eight thousand eight hundred and eighty seven dust-exposed workers were included. Men had a 77% higher incidence of silicosis than women. At lower pack-years of smoking, men were 72% more at risk than women. The latency period was found to be longest in female never-smokers and shortest in female ever-smokers.

Conclusions:
Men had a higher risk of developing silicosis than women. Cigarette smoking increased the risk in both sexes, more so in women.
Exoscope-assisted Otologic Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tu Nathan , Bojrab Dennis , Sioshansi Pedrom , Lin Kenny , Hong Robert , Bojrab Dennis , Babu Seilesh 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has required careful reconsideration of safe operating room practices. We describe our initial experiences performing otologic surgery with the exoscope during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method:
The exoscope was used for several semiurgent otologic surgeries in combination with complete eye protection, a “tent” drape, a smoke evacuator with ultra-low particulate air filter, and betadine irrigation. These techniques are demonstrated in the accompanying video. This was compared with our experiences using the microscope.

Results:
The described modified goggles allowed complete eye protection while providing a fully three-dimensional view of the surgical site. The other safety measures described are simple and efficient techniques which can easily be adopted for otologic surgery using the microscope.

Conclusion:
Use of the exoscope for otologic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic allows full three-dimensional visualization of the surgical field while simultaneously providing complete eye protection. Use of the “tent” drape, ultra-low particulate air filter, and betadine irrigation are also options that otologic surgeons may consider for additional safety.
Effects of Quality Improvement Education in Diabetic Retinopathy on Routine Clinical Practice Patterns of Optometrists
Authors: Maatouk Christopher M. , Hentati Firas , Urbano Catherine A. , Greenlee Tyler E. , Conti Thais F. , Hom Grant L. , Immler Wes K. , Babiuch Amy S. , Singh Rishi P. 
Published: October 2020

SIGNIFICANCE
Optometrists play a preventive role in diabetic care by detecting early signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of blindness in adults. This study demonstrates that additional training can improve optometrists' ability to assess the presence and severity of DR in individuals with diabetes.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to determine the impact of a quality improvement intervention involving education, assessment, and feedback on improving the evaluation and referral patterns of optometrists with regard to their patients with diabetes.

METHODS
A pre-interventional and post-interventional analysis of optometrist practices was conducted through a retrospective chart review of diabetic patient encounters from July 2018 to March 2019. Dilated fundus examination (DFE) documentation, follow-up scheduling, referral practices, and usage of various imaging modalities were collected from patient records. Concordance of DR severity recordings between DFE findings, assessment and plan notes, and International Classification of Diseases codes was calculated.

RESULTS
After intervention, the proportion of optometrists who conducted a DFE significantly increased from 79.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.3 to 81.7%) to 84.4% (95% CI, 82.4 to 86.4%). In addition, the rate of improper follow-up instructions decreased from 13.8 (95% CI, 12.0 to 15.7%) to 10.8% (95% CI, 9.2 to 12.6%), and the decrease was significant (P = .02). Although overall referrals decreased from 19.8 (95% CI, 17.6 to 21.9%) to 14.6% (95% CI, 12.6 to 16.5%), optometrists were as likely to refer to retinal specialists. Finally, concordance between documented DFE findings, assessment and plan notes, and International Classification of Diseases codes significantly increased from 78.8 (95% CI, 76.5 to 81.0%) to 88.7% (95% CI, 86.9 to 90.4%).

CONCLUSIONS
Providing optometrists education in screening and assessing DR is effective in improving diabetic patient care.
Use of Cardiac Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Miller Andrew F. , Arichai Piyawat , Gravel Cynthia A. , Vieira Rebecca L. , Neal Jeffrey T. , Neuman Mark I. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Levy Jason A. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives
We sought to describe the test characteristics of cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) performed by pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians after structured cardiac POCUS training.

Methods
We evaluated the use of clinically indicated cardiac POCUS by PEM physicians in a single tertiary care pediatric emergency department after implementation of a focused cardiac POCUS training curriculum. The test characteristics of the sonologist interpretation were compared with expert POCUS review, by PEM physicians who have completed PEM POCUS fellowship training, for the assessment of both pericardial effusion and left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

Results
A total of 1241 cardiac POCUS examinations were performed between July 2015 and December 2017, of which 456 were clinically indicated and underwent expert POCUS review and comprised the study sample. These examinations were performed by 33 different PEM attending sonologists. Chest pain (52%), dyspnea (20%), and tachycardia (18%) were the most common indications for cardiac POCUS. Prevalence of pericardial effusion and global systolic dysfunction based on expert POCUS review were 11% (48/443) and 4% (16/435), respectively. Real-time cardiac POCUS interpretation had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 99.5%, respectively, for both pericardial effusion and left ventricular systolic dysfunction when compared with expert POCUS review.

Conclusions
Cardiac POCUS is both sensitive and specific for identifying pericardial effusion and left ventricular systolic dysfunction when performed by PEM attendings with focused training.