bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON PROTOTYPING METHODS TO LEVERAGE NON-RIGID MATERIALS IN THE EARLY STAGES OF ENGINEERING DESIGN
Authors: Auflem M. , Boe H. H. , Erichsen J. F. , Steinert M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrototyping has been shown important to facilitate learning, inform decisions and to communicate ideas in engineering design. However, it is not evident which methods, tools and materials to use, as prototyping is practised differently across development contexts, and stages. In the early stages of design, different choices in prototyping methods, tools and materials all affect prototyping outcome. This paper is focused on prototyping methods in the context of early stages of design and attempts to highlight identified strengths and limitations of using non-rigid materials for prototyping.
INTEGRATING SALES AND DESIGN: APPLYING CAD CONFIGURATORS IN THE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Authors: Poot L. P. , Wehlin C. , Tarkian M. , Ölvander J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith industries striving towards increased customisation of complex products through engineer-to-order, methods are continuously sought to rationalise the product development process. To this end, a framework is proposed using CAD configurators, utilising design automation and knowledge-based engineering to integrate sales and design processes in product development. The application of this framework to the design of spiral staircases is described and analysed, with results showing decreased lead-times and a decreased risk for design errors.
GUIDING LOCAL DESIGN DECISIONS TOWARDS A FLEXIBLE AND CHANGEABLE PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Block L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFlexibility and changeability are crucial when it comes to the design of embedded automotive architectures. However, flexibility and changeability are concepts rooted in the overall product and its objectives, while architectural design decisions may affect local subsystems as well as the overall system. Axiomatic design is applied to bridge this gap: The architecture is decomposed into its entities and changeability is described through the design's information content. Five domains of actions to foster changeability are identified and generic action schemes are derived.
PARAMETERS ON SUPPORT STRUCTURE DESIGN FOR METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Authors: Weber S. , Montero J. , Bleckmann M. , Paetzold K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe topic of support structure design in the Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) field is not addressed with the same relevance as the topic of part design. Therefore, this contribution investigates parameters for both the manufacturing and support structure design for the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) process. Matrices for cause-effect-relations of manufacturing and design parameters on build properties as well as correlations of them are presented. Based on these, recommendations for actions for experimental procedures are derived following the Design of Experiments method.
EXPLORING THE APPLICABILITY OF SEMANTIC METRICS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DESIGN PROTOCOL DATA IN COLLABORATIVE DESIGN SESSIONS
Authors: Becattini N. , Georgiev G. V. , Barhoush Y. , Cascini G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe paper presents the application of non-specialized lexical database and semantic metrics on transcripts of co-design protocols. Three different and previously analyzed design protocols of co-creative sessions in the field of packaging design, carried out with different supporting tools, are used as test-bench to highlight the potential of this approach. The results show that metrics about the Information Content and the Similarity maps with sufficient precision the differences between ICT- and non-ICT-supported sessions so that it is possible to envision future refinement of the approach.
MAKING THE MOST OF MAKERS: AN EXPLORATION OF THE NEED FOR A PROTOTYPING TOOL FOR COMPANIES TO ENGAGE WITH THE MAKER MOVEMENT
Authors: Kimber A. J. E. , Hansen C. A. , Özkil A. G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMakers have proven to be skilled at prototyping and therefore present a unique opportunity for companies, who seek to improve their capabilities, to learn from them. In this study, a mixed methods approach was used to understand possible benefits to both companies and makers from collaborating in prototyping, and to identify a set of design considerations to guide the future development of a tool to facilitate such collaboration. Despite challenges to collaboration, a tool designed to help companies engage with makers in prototyping could be beneficial to both and should be developed.
ANALYSIS OF INTENT-DESIGN RELATIONSHIP FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DESIGN AGENT MODEL BASED ON PRODUCT PURCHASING PROCESS
Authors: Le M. , Jung E.-C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aims at proposing an AI-agent model that helps designers to understand and interpret clients’ intent and create customized design outcomes. We recorded and analysed the purchasing process of collecting product information, selecting alternative products and making decision to understand the influence of artefacts on the client's intent during the purchasing process and collect the basic data for proposing an AI-agent model. We analysed the process by Linkography and found the relationship between the decision-making patterns and the artefacts that presented by the AI-agent.
REVIEWING COMPLEXITY COSTS – WHAT PRACTICE NEEDS AND WHAT RESEARCH CONTRIBUTES
Authors: Meßerschmidt O. , Gumpinger T. , Meyer M. , Mertens K. G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroducing more customized products causes complexity costs, which are hard to estimate and measure. Researchers and practitioners have therefore developed approaches to measure these costs. This paper reviews the current approaches and reveals a lack of a holistic view on the underlying problem and, hence, deficits to certain economic questions. We therefore suggest using the Extended Axiomatic Design (EAD) framework as an interdisciplinary model that adresses the economic consequences of variety-induced complexity.
MANAGING DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION BY VALUE-ORIENTED PORTFOLIO PLANNING
Authors: Weinreich S. , Şahin T. , Inkermann D. , Huth T. , Vietor T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInnovation portfolio management (IPM) aims at selecting ideas with regard to their potential for innovation and measuring them considering customer and business value. The evaluation of benefits and risk is especially challenging for disruptive innovation (DI) due to their characteristics such as low comparability to existing technologies and uncertain customer reactions. This paper highlights the lack of approaches to managing DI in IPM and addresses it through a framework that expands the understanding of value-orientation in IPM, allowing for the inclusion of DI.
A DISCRETE-EVENT SIMULATION MODEL FOR DRIVER PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT: APPLICATION TO AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE COCKPIT DESIGN OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Iuskevich I. , Hein A. M. , Amokrane-Ferka K. , Doufene A. , Jankovic M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe latest advances in the design of vehicles with the adaptive level of automation pose new challenges in the vehicle-driver interaction. Safety requirements underline the need to explore optimal cockpit architectures with regard to driver cognitive and perceptual workload, eyes-off-the-road time and situation awareness. We propose to integrate existing task analysis approaches into system architecture evaluation for the early-stage design optimization. We built the discrete-event simulation tool and applied it within the multi-sensory (sight, sound, touch) cockpit design industrial project.
THE EVOLUTION OF VIRTUAL REALITY TOWARDS THE USAGE IN EARLY DESIGN PHASES
Authors: Balzerkiewitz H.-P. , Stechert C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present work is to show possibilities with which 3D models in virtual reality (VR) can be created and exported. First an overview of the existing hard- and software is given. Subsequently, existing solution concepts are analysed which, however, are not used in product development. Based on these knowledge a concept for the creation of 3D models in VR and the export of these models is developed.
COMBINING AGILE APPROACHES AND RISK MANAGEMENT FOR MECHATRONIC PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT – A CASE STUDY
Authors: Trauer J. , Schweigert-Recksiek S. , Gövert K. , Mörtl M. , Lindemann U. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs the benefits and potentials of agile approaches become increasingly clearer, also hardware product development seeks to apply those methods and procedures. However, mechatronic hardware products are often subject to stricter safety regulations so that a consequent risk management is essential. This paper presents a risk management method suitable for agile product development projects. The method together with an adapted agile procedure were applied and evaluated in a successful industrial case study. This lead to the extended application of agile approaches in other parts of the company.
IDENTIFYING GAPS IN AUTOMATING THE ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGY READINESS LEVELS
Authors: Faidi S. , Olechowski A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCrucial in the design process, Technology Readiness Levels are a common form of technology maturity assessment. Studies suggest that the TRL scale can be subjective and biased. Automating the assessment can reduce human bias. This paper highlights important challenges of automation by presenting data collected on 15 technologies from the nanotechnology sector. Our findings show that, contrary to claims from the literature, patent data exists for low maturity technologies and may be useful for automation. We also found that there exists unexpected trends in data publications at TRL 2, 3 and 4.
VOLUMETRIC CELLS: A FRAMEWORK FOR A BIO-INSPIRED GEOMETRIC MODELLING METHOD TO SUPPORT HETEROGENEOUS LATTICE STRUCTURES
Authors: Letov N. , Zhao Y. F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCurrent geometrical modelling approaches are unable to handle complex geometrical objects such as heterogeneous lattice structures. In this work, a framework for a novel bio-inspired geometric modelling method is proposed. The method can potentially support geometric modelling of heterogeneous lattice structures. The method utilises discretisation algorithms that are based on cell division processes encountered in nature. The method is verified on two 2D use-cases.
EXTENDED APPROACH TO OPTIMIZE MODULAR PRODUCTS THROUGH THE POTENTIALS OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Authors: Steffan K.-E. W. H. , Fett M. , Kirchner E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn modular products conflicting objectives may occur. This leads to characteristics as component-dependent oversizing and undersizing as well as increased complexity of the interfaces. These conflicts can be resolved using the potentials of AM processes. For the best use possible, the potentials are systematically considered in the early design phases as part of an extended procedure. The extended procedure improves the benefit-effort ratio of modular respectively individual products and a further optimization of the product architecture and consideration of synergy effects is achieved.
TRANS-EPISTEMIC DESIGN-(RESEARCH): THEORIZING DESIGN WITHIN INDUSTRY 4.0 AND COGNITIVE ASSISTIVE SYSTEMS
Authors: Keller A. , Weber S. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe paper suggests an innovative design research and intervention approach using a poststructuralist organizational education perspective. The potential of a high impact trans-epistemic design process is shown for the field of industry 4.0 and the specific context of cognitive assistive systems (CASs). The multi-layered approach addresses the design of technical, social and educational complexity to implement CASs sustainably on the shopfloor and exploit their potential in industry 4.0. Finally, we will shed light on how the approach can enhance deep organizational transformation in industry.
STRATEGIC PROTOTYPING TO LEARN IN STANFORD UNIVERSITY'S ME310 DESIGN INNOVATION COURSE
Authors: Domingo L. , Moore D. , Sirkin D. , Toye G. , Leifer L. , Cutkosky M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThrough a strategic learning process, prototypes unveil design directions. We provide a review of prototyping methods for novice designers to study and pedagogical practice for capstone design course faculty to juxtapose. Stanford University's ME310 graduate-level project-based learning course introduces students to various prototyping design techniques, such as Needfinding and Benchmarking, and prototyping methods, such as the Critical Experience Prototype, Critical Function Prototype, Dark Horse Prototype, Part-X is Finished, Funky System Prototype, and Functional System Prototype.
AN ANALYTICAL COST MODEL FOR INVESTMENT CASTING
Authors: Mandolini M. , Campi F. , Favi C. , Cicconi P. , Germani M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnalytical cost estimation of investment casted products during design phase is a complex task since the quantity of parameters to be evaluated. So far, there is a short literature on such cost estimation models. This paper attempts to improve the cost model presented by Boothroyd and Dewhurst. Improvements (mainly focused on cluster assembly and investment, sintering and melting phases) were defined and verified in cooperation with two foundries. Tested on eight components, deviation between estimated and actual costs is around 14% for manual production lines and 6% for automatic ones.
FROM BAUHAUS TO DESIGN THINKING AND BEYOND: A COMPARISON OF TWO DESIGN EDUCATIONAL SCHOOLS
Authors: Thoring K. , Mueller R. M. , Giegler S. , Badke-Schaub P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper compares two pioneering design educational approaches: the historic Bauhaus school founded in 1919 in Germany, and contemporary design thinking education, based on the example of the “HPI School of Design Thinking”. We compare both approaches according to six emerging categories: (1) curriculum, (2) multi-disciplinarity, (3) mind-set and culture, (4) study environment, (5) conditions for innovation, and (6) socio-economic context. We outline differences and similarities and discuss the possible impact for future design education.
DERIVATION OF STARTING SOLUTIONS BASED ON PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE FLEXIBILITY EVALUATION
Authors: Riesener M. , Dölle C. , Schuh G. , Mendl-Heinisch M. , Keuper A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractManufacturing companies nowadays face growing numbers of heterogeneous customer requirements. Due to that, internal and external complexity lead to an increase in the associated costs. Especially companies with a high Engineer-to-Order business are strongly affected. To reduce external and internal complexity, Starting Solutions are a suitable way to do that. Starting Solutions require on the one hand the evaluation of product flexibility, on the other hand the evaluation of customer requirements. These two requirements are compared to each other and Starting Solutions are thereby derived.
HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS DESIGN: A SANDBOX OF CURRENT RESEARCH THEMES PRESENTED AT AN INTERNATIONAL MEETING
Authors: Ciccone N. , Patou F. , Komashie A. , Lame G. , Clarkson P. J. , Maier A. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHealthcare systems are under strain, this creates a challenge for designers to develop solutions for better health and care delivery. This paper presents a sandbox of illustrative design themes used to improve health systems based on state of the art research projects. These were collated from presentations at The Second International Meeting on Healthcare Systems Design Research, held at DTU-Technical University of Denmark. Attending groups were mapped based on their research keywords, target journals and methodologies in order to gain insight on the communities research landscape.
EXTRAPOLATION OF DESIGN GUIDELINES DURING THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PHASE: A METHOD TO SUPPORT PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
Authors: Formentini G. , Favi C. , Bouissiere F. , Cuiller C. , Dereux P.-E. , Guillaume R. , Malchair C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe work aims at the definition of a design methodology able to drive designers in the definition of product architectures, starting from rough information available at the conceptual design. The methodology identifies design guidelines useful for the development of product architectures optimized for a given target (i.e. assembly, cost). The methodology is based on domains which combine attributes related to a specific aspect of the target. The exploratory application of the methodology was performed to address the equipment installation of a civil aircraft for assembly/installation target.
QUALITATIVE MODELLING IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN - INVESTIGATING THE CONTACT AND CHANNEL APPROACH THROUGH ANALYSIS OF PROJECTS
Authors: Grauberger P. , Bremer F. , Sturm C. , Hoelz K. , Wessels H. , Gwosch T. , Wagner R. , Lanza G. , Albers A. , Matthiesen S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeful qualitative modelling of embodiment function relations is a challenge in embodiment design. This contribution investigates the applicability and usefulness of the Contact and Channel Approach as a qualitative modelling approach in a survey study. From 23 development and research projects, advantages and challenges regarding applicability and usefulness are identified. A further result is that many different models are used additionally to the Contact and Channel Approach. Based on the findings, research potential for optimization and development of links to other models emerges.
METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF USER INVOLVEMENT RESEARCH: A CONTRIBUTION TO USER-CENTRED DESIGN THEORY
Authors: Wallisch A. , Paetzold K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe concept of involving user perspectives into product development processes has its roots in the early 1960s. Although this seems to be following a quite long tradition, as a design research field, it did not improve substantially and, so far, no consistent perception or even definition of the concept can be found. The paper points out where design research on user involvement still lacks methodological and theoretical foundation and makes the attempt of providing impulses for systemizing the existing body of knowledge within the Design Society as a research community.
RISK MANAGEMENT IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: RISK IDENTIFICATION, ASSESSMENT, AND MITIGATION – A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Oehmen J. , Guenther A. , Herrmann J. W. , Schulte J. , Willumsen P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper reviews the literature on risk management practices and methods in product design and development. Based on an expert workshop by the Risk Management Processes and Methods in Design Special Interest Group within the Design Society and literature review, three key areas are discussed: risk identification, assessment, and mitigation. In each area, researchers have described practices that are used in product development organizations, proposed new methods to support risk management processes and decision-making, and generated evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of these activities.
EVALUATING MBSE POTENTIAL USING PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS – A STATISTICAL INVESTIGATION
Authors: Schöberl M. , Rebentisch E. , Trauer J. , Mörtl M. , Fottner J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is evolving, the need for evaluating MBSE approaches grows. Literature shows that there is an untested assertion in the MBSE community that complexity drives the adoption of MBSE. To assess this assertion and support the evaluation of MBSE, a principal component analysis was carried out on eight product and development characteristics using data collected in an MBSE course, resulting in organizational complexity, product complexity and inertia. To conclude, the method developed in this paper enables organisations to evaluate their MBSE adoption potential.
CURRENT CHALLENGES AND SOLUTION APPROACHES IN EMPIRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN RESEARCH – A WORKSHOP FOR EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Üreten S. , Eisenmann M. , Nelius T. , Garrelts E. , Krause D. , Matthiesen S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe requirements on validity for studies in design research are very high. Therefore, this paper aims at identifying challenges that occur when setting up studies and suggests solution strategies to address them. Three different institutes combining their experience discussed several studies in a workshop. Resulting main challenges are to find a suitable task, to operationalise the variables and to deal with a high analysis effort per participant. Automation in data evaluation and a detailed practical guideline on studies in design research are considered necessary.
A FRAMEWORK FOR TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN DESIGN: CRITICALITY AND COMFORT ZONE FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Krus P. , Pereira L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes an analytical framework for estimating the domain where a type of technology can be used in a system. In order to achieve this aim, we have elaborated on the concepts of technology critical, technology sensitive, and the technology comfort zone, to analytically assess the impact of a new technology in the early phases of system design. The result is a general method to indicate the range of requirements that can result in valid designs. This tool can assist in the decision-making processes for technology portfolio selection based on sustainable principles.
E-LEARNING INFRASTRUCTURE PROTOTYPE FOR GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTRIBUTED PROJECT-BASED LEARNING
Authors: Becattini N. , Škec S. , Pavković N. , Cascini G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe paper presents the original integration of ICT tools and e-learning platform into an infrastructure to support Project-based learning for a design class that is geographically distributed across different countries. 30 Mechanical Engineering students from 4 European countries tested the infrastructure prototype for the development of an innovative solution in the field of white goods. The results produced evidence about the suitability of the proposal together with strong and weak points of the infrastructure, that can support further development and adaptation into different contexts.
A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL CONFIGURATION ALGORITHM FOR MODULAR PRODUCT ARCHITECTURES
Authors: Seiler F. M. , Krause D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith an increasing demand for product individualisation leading to increased product architecture complexity and -costs, modular kits are one common measure to cope with this issue. The management of such a modular kit as well as the methodical determination of a specific product variant is key to the manufacturer's success. As multiple influence factors need to be taken into account when configuring product variants, we propose a multi-dimensional geometric optimisation algorithm, allowing for prioritising varying customer demands and thereby determining the ideally balanced product variant.
SUPPORTING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH CONSTRAINT MODELLING IN EARLY CONCEPTUAL DESIGN: A SATELLITE PROPULSION CASE STUDY
Authors: Borgue O. , Valjak F. , Panarotto M. , Isaksson O. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFunction and constraints modelling are implemented to design two gridded ion thrusters for additive manufacturing (AM). One concept takes advantage of AM design freedom, disregarding AM limitations and is not feasible. The other concept considers AM limitations and is manufacturable and feasible. Constraints modelling highlights AM capabilities that can be improved, showing where future investment is needed. Constraints representation can also support the creation of technology development roadmaps able to identify areas of AM technologies that must be improved.