bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic engineering of the cellulolytic thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila to produce ethanol from cellobiose
Authors: Li Jinyang , Zhang Yongli , Li Jingen , Sun Tao , Tian Chaoguang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Cellulosic biomass is a promising resource for bioethanol production. However, various sugars in plant biomass hydrolysates including cellodextrins, cellobiose, glucose, xylose, and arabinose, are poorly fermented by microbes. The commonly used ethanol-producing microbe Saccharomyces cerevisiae can usually only utilize glucose, although metabolically engineered strains that utilize xylose have been developed. Direct fermentation of cellobiose could avoid glucose repression during biomass fermentation, but applications of an engineered cellobiose-utilizing S. cerevisiae are still limited because of its long lag phase. Bioethanol production from biomass-derived sugars by a cellulolytic filamentous fungus would have many advantages for the biorefinery industry.

Results
We selected Myceliophthora thermophila, a cellulolytic thermophilic filamentous fungus for metabolic engineering to produce ethanol from glucose and cellobiose. Ethanol production was increased by 57% from glucose but not cellobiose after introduction of ScADH1 into the wild-type (WT) strain. Further overexpression of a glucose transporter GLT-1 or the cellodextrin transport system (CDT-1/CDT-2) from N. crassa increased ethanol production by 131% from glucose or by 200% from cellobiose, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis of the engineered cellobiose-utilizing strain and WT when grown on cellobiose showed that genes involved in oxidation–reduction reactions and the stress response were downregulated, whereas those involved in protein biosynthesis were upregulated in this effective ethanol production strain. Turning down the expression of pyc gene results the final engineered strain with the ethanol production was further increased by 23%, reaching up to 11.3 g/L on cellobiose.

Conclusions
This is the first attempt to engineer the cellulolytic fungus M. thermophila to produce bioethanol from biomass-derived sugars such as glucose and cellobiose. The ethanol production can be improved about 4 times up to 11 grams per liter on cellobiose after a couple of genetic engineering. These results show that M. thermophila is a promising platform for bioethanol production from cellulosic materials in the future.
We need to think about data governance for dementia research in a digital era
Authors: Milne Richard , Brayne Carol 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Research into Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias increasingly involves large-scale data-sharing initiatives. The development of novel digital tools and assessments is likely to increase the need for these. This presents ethics and governance challenges to ensure the use of these data is able to maximise the benefit to patients and the public.

Discussion
We consider the challenges associated with informed consent and governance in the context of dementia research. We set out the potential of novel data governance approaches for the future of data sharing for dementia.

Summary
The data trust model proposed in discussions of data governance may have potentially valuable application for dementia research. Such inclusive approaches to trustworthy data governance should be considered as data-sharing initiatives are established and develop.
Protocol for the development of guidance for stakeholder engagement in health and healthcare guideline development and implementation
Authors: Petkovic Jennifer , Riddle Alison , Akl Elie A. , Khabsa Joanne , Lytvyn Lyubov , Atwere Pearl , Campbell Pauline , Chalkidou Kalipso , Chang Stephanie M. , Crowe Sally , Dans Leonila , Jardali Fadi El , Ghersi Davina , Graham Ian D. , Grant Sean , Greer-Smith Regina , Guise Jeanne-Marie , Hazlewood Glen , Jull Janet , Katikireddi S. Vittal , Langlois Etienne V. , Lyddiatt Anne , Maxwell Lara , Morley Richard , Mustafa Reem A. , Nonino Francesco , Pardo Jordi Pardo , Pollock Alex , Pottie Kevin , Riva John , Schünemann Holger , Simeon Rosiane , Smith Maureen , Stein Airton T. , Synnot Anneliese , Tufte Janice , White Howard , Welch Vivian , Concannon Thomas W. , Tugwell Peter 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Stakeholder engagement has become widely accepted as a necessary component of guideline development and implementation. While frameworks for developing guidelines express the need for those potentially affected by guideline recommendations to be involved in their development, there is a lack of consensus on how this should be done in practice. Further, there is a lack of guidance on how to equitably and meaningfully engage multiple stakeholders. We aim to develop guidance for the meaningful and equitable engagement of multiple stakeholders in guideline development and implementation.

Methods
This will be a multi-stage project. The first stage is to conduct a series of four systematic reviews. These will (1) describe existing guidance and methods for stakeholder engagement in guideline development and implementation, (2) characterize barriers and facilitators to stakeholder engagement in guideline development and implementation, (3) explore the impact of stakeholder engagement on guideline development and implementation, and (4) identify issues related to conflicts of interest when engaging multiple stakeholders in guideline development and implementation.

Discussion
We will collaborate with our multiple and diverse stakeholders to develop guidance for multi-stakeholder engagement in guideline development and implementation. We will use the results of the systematic reviews to develop a candidate list of draft guidance recommendations and will seek broad feedback on the draft guidance via an online survey of guideline developers and external stakeholders. An invited group of representatives from all stakeholder groups will discuss the results of the survey at a consensus meeting which will inform the development of the final guidance papers.
Our overall goal is to improve the development of guidelines through meaningful and equitable multi-stakeholder engagement, and subsequently to improve health outcomes and reduce inequities in health.
Proposal and testing goals-guided interaction for occasional users
Authors: Carrillo Antonio L. , Falgueras Juan A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe latest shifts in technology have brought about new kinds of users who occasionally access unfamiliar systems in new scenarios. This way of use should not request any learning curve. There have been many attempts to help this kind of users: agents, floating help, tooltips, direct video demonstrations, etc., elements that support the appealing direct manipulation style (DM), but add indeed an extra layer of supporting material over it. In this paper, we describe an analysegoals-guided Interaction, GGI, as the basis for a different approach. We do not expect the user to understand or use a metaphor but guide them throughout the whole interaction process. This help system is integrated in the interface. The user will be closely guided on the “what to do” and on the “how to do,” always according to their current goal. This no-previous-knowledge-required way of interaction shortens significantly the learning curve. In order to support this proposal, a complete study based on user testing is performed. The results show that, for non-expert occasional users, GGI is more efficient in time and less error prone than the classic Direct Manipulation. Participants also showed a strong preference for GGI. This research offers an alternative way of interaction for designers and developers of human-centric interactive systems who have occasional users as their main target users.
Thirlwall’s Law and uneven development under Global Value Chains: a multi-country input–output approach
Authors: Trigg Andrew B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA notable macroeconomic explanation of uneven development, with particular relevance to developing countries, has been the problem of balance of payments constraints, as captured by Thirlwall’s Law: where relative growth rates are explained by differences between income elasticities for exports and imports. Araujo and Lima have formulated a one-country multisectoral disaggregation of this hypothesis using a vertically integrated input–output framework, which is extended here in two main ways. First, international trade in intermediate inputs—the basis for Global Value Chains—is introduced; second, the model is extended to multiple countries. The main outcome of the paper is the development of a new multisectoral method for modelling balance of payments constraints: a Multi-Country Sectoral Thirlwall Law (MCSTL) under which key sector relationships are nested in intercountry trading relationships that encompass both intermediate and final goods. The identification of this input–output structure is developed in analytical stages, moving from a one-country vertically integrated system, to two, three and finally multi-country systems. In addition to its theoretical contribution to understanding the industrial structure of trade, an implication of this multi-country/multi-sector approach is that it can also be tested in future empirical work using the recently available World Input–Output Database of national tables.
Canadian practice guidelines for the treatment of children and adolescents with eating disorders
Authors: Couturier Jennifer , Isserlin Leanna , Norris Mark , Spettigue Wendy , Brouwers Melissa , Kimber Melissa , McVey Gail , Webb Cheryl , Findlay Sheri , Bhatnagar Neera , Snelgrove Natasha , Ritsma Amanda , Preskow Wendy , Miller Catherine , Coelho Jennifer , Boachie Ahmed , Steinegger Cathleen , Loewen Rachel , Loewen Techiya , Waite Elizabeth , Ford Catherine , Bourret Kerry , Gusella Joanne , Geller Josie , LaFrance Adele , LeClerc Anick , Scarborough Jennifer , Grewal Seena , Jericho Monique , Dimitropoulos Gina , Pilon David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesEating disorders are common and serious conditions affecting up to 4% of the population. The mortality rate is high. Despite the seriousness and prevalence of eating disorders in children and adolescents, no Canadian practice guidelines exist to facilitate treatment decisions. This leaves clinicians without any guidance as to which treatment they should use. Our objective was to produce such a guideline.MethodsUsing systematic review, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system, and the assembly of a panel of diverse stakeholders from across the country, we developed high quality treatment guidelines that are focused on interventions for children and adolescents with eating disorders.ResultsStrong recommendations were supported specifically in favour of Family-Based Treatment, and more generally in terms of least intensive treatment environment. Weak recommendations in favour of Multi-Family Therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Adolescent Focused Psychotherapy, adjunctive Yoga and atypical antipsychotics were confirmed.ConclusionsSeveral gaps for future work were identified including enhanced research efforts on new primary and adjunctive treatments in order to address severe eating disorders and complex co-morbidities.
There is poor accuracy in documenting the location of labral and chondral lesions observed during hip arthroscopy
Authors: Hariri Sanaz , Sochacki Kyle R. , Harris Alex S. , Safran Marc R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To determine and compare the accuracy and interobserver reliability of the different methods for localizing acetabular labral, acetabular chondral, and femoral head chondral lesions with hip arthroscopy .

Methods
Three cadaver hips were placed in the supine position. Three labral, three femoral chondral, and six acetabular chondral lesions were made in each cadaver using electrocautery. Six surgeons classified the lesions according to different classification systems (clock-face, geographic, Method-G) using hip arthroscopy and standardized portals. Identification of each lesion was performed after conclusion of the study through open dissection and surgical hip dislocation to be used as the “gold-standard.” Accuracy was calculated as the number of correct answers divided by total number of responses for a given system. The interobserver reliability was calculated using the kappa coefficient. The different classification methods were compared. All P values were reported with significance set at P < 0.05.

Results
The clock-face method had an accuracy of 74% (95% CI, 60%–85%) and interobserver reliability of 0.19 (95% CI, 0.11–0.26) while the geographic method had an accuracy of 50% (95% CI, 36%–64%) and interobserver reliability of 0.21 (95% CI, 0.05–0.31) for acetabular labral lesion identification (P > 0.05). The acetabular chondral lesion identification accuracy was 56% (95% CI, 46%–65%) for Method G, 66% (95% CI, 56%–75%) for Method G-simp, and 63% (95% CI, 53%–72%) for the geographic system (P > 0.05) with an interobserver reliability of 0.31 (95% CI, 0.27–0.35), 0.34 (95% CI, 0.28–0.40), and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.34–0.45), respectively (P > 0.05). Femoral chondral lesion identification accuracy was 74% (95% CI, 60%–85%) for Method G, 43% (95% CI, 29%–57%) for the geographic method, and 59% (95% CI, 45%–72%) for the geographic-simp system with interobserver reliability of 0.37 (95% CI, 0.27–0.47), 0.34 (95% CI, 0.28–0.40), and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.29–0.51), respectively (P > 0.05). Method G was significantly more accurate than the geographic system (P = 0.001).

Conclusions
There was poor to fair accuracy and interobserver reliability of the reporting systems for localization of labral, acetabular chondral, and femoral chondral lesions encountered during hip arthroscopy. The study suggests there is a need for a new method that is easy to use, reliable, reproducible and accurate.
Safety and efficacy outcomes of the Xen45 Gel Stent use for refractory glaucoma: a surgery series from surgeon trainees at a tertiary teaching hospital
Authors: Hong Karen , Lind John , Sheybani Arsham 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
To study the effect of an ab interno gelatin stent (XEN45 Gel Stent, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California, USA) on intraocular pressure (IOP) as placed by glaucoma fellowship trainees in eyes with refractory glaucoma.

Methods
A prospective noncomparative study at a tertiary training center on 28 unique eyes undergoing ab interno gelatin stent implantation by glaucoma fellowship trainees. Data was collected at baseline and postoperatively at day 1, week 1, and months 1, 3, 5, and 12. Primary outcome was mean IOP change. Secondary outcomes included change in number of glaucoma medication classes and visual acuity. Safety outcomes included needling rates. Surgical success was defined by achieving ≥20% reduction in IOP with the same or fewer classes of antiglaucoma medications from baseline without the need for secondary surgical intervention and/or stent removal.

Results
At baseline, 28.6% (8/28) of the subjects had prior failed incisional glaucoma surgery in a study population that was 54% African-American, with 78% with severe glaucoma (average mean deviation of − 14.58 dB). Thirteen subjects terminated their clinic visits before their 12-month postoperative visit, leaving 15 subjects for end point analysis. Average IOP went from 21.6 mmHg (range 12.0–31.0, SD 6.6) at baseline to 12.5 mmHg (range 7.0–19.0, SD 3.6), a 42.1% reduction (p < 0.007). All subjects decreased the number of medication classes they were taking with an average reduction of 3.8 (range 2–5, SD 0.9) to 1.3 (range 0–3, SD 1.0) classes, or a 65.8% decrease (p < 0.006). Crude surgical success was 80.0% for the 15 subjects that followed up at 12 months. The Kaplan-Meier cumulative probability of success for all 28 subjects at 12 months was 70.4% (95% CI: 44.7–85.8%). Regardless of the length of follow-up, 21.4% (6/28) met failure criteria: 3 subjects failed because they required secondary surgical intervention, and the other 3 did not have adequate IOP reduction. Initial bleb needling rate was 28.6% (8/28) and repeat was 17.9% (5/28).

Conclusions
Compared to the reported literature with experienced ocular surgeons, ab interno gel stent placements by glaucoma fellowship trainees have similar mean IOP, topical medication reduction, surgical success, and needling rates at 12-month follow-up.
Potential impact of 2018 Korean Society of Hypertension guidelines on Korean population: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Kwun Ju-Seung , Kim Sun-Hwa , Kang Si-Hyuck , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Lee Hae-Young , Kim Kwang-Il , Youn Tae-Jin , Chae In-Ho , Kim Cheol-Ho 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The Korean Society of Hypertension (KSH) revised the local guidelines for hypertension in 2018. The present study sought to evaluate the potential impact of the 2018 KSH guidelines on hypertension management status among the Korean population in terms of prevalence of hypertension, antihypertensive medical treatment recommendations, and control status in Korean adults.

Methods
We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to estimate the number and percentage of Korean adults who have hypertension according to blood pressure (BP) classification, are recommended to receive antihypertensive medical treatment, and are receiving medical treatment and have BP in the optimal range according to the new recommendations. Adults aged 30 years or older who participated in the survey between 2013 and 2015 were selected for this study.

Results
The prevalence of hypertension was 30.5% among Korean adults aged 30 years or older. The percentage of subjects who are recommended to be treated with antihypertensive medications substantially increased from 32.5 to 37.8%, which translates to 1.6 million adults. Among the hypertensive patients who were receiving medical treatment, 38.6% were shown to have adequate BP levels as recommended by the 2018 KSH guidelines compared with 51.8% according to the previous 2013 guidelines.

Conclusions
The present study reports the potential impact of the 2018 KSH guidelines on the prevalence of hypertension, antihypertensive medical treatment recommendations, and control status for Korean adults. The 2018 KSH guidelines recommend more intensive BP control compared with previous guidelines. This study suggests that there is large scope for improvement in hypertension management in the Korean population.
Comparison of urinary parameters, biomarkers, and outcome of childhood systemic lupus erythematosus early onset-lupus nephritis
Authors:   for the Brazilian Childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Group, Miguel Daniele Faria , Terreri Maria Teresa , Pereira Rosa Maria Rodrigues , Bonfá Eloisa , Silva Clovis Artur Almeida , Corrente José Eduardo , Magalhaes Claudia Saad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Urinary parameters, anti-dsDNA antibodies and complement tests were explored in patients with childhood-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (cSLE) early-onset lupus nephritis (ELN) from a large multicenter cohort study.

Methods
Clinical and laboratory features of cSLE cases with kidney involvement at presentation, were reviewed. Disease activity parameters including SLEDAI-2 K scores and major organ involvement at onset and follow up, with accrued damage scored by SLICC-DI, during last follow up, were compared with those without kidney involvement. Autoantibodies, renal function and complement tests were determined by standard methods. Subjects were grouped by presence or absence of ELN.

Results
Out of the 846 subjects enrolled, mean age 11.6 (SD 3.6) years; 427 (50.5%) had ELN. There was no significant difference in the ELN proportion, according to onset age, but ELN frequency was significantly higher in non-Caucasians (p = 0.03). Hematuria, pyuria, urine casts, 24-h proteinuria and arterial hypertension at baseline, all had significant association with ELN outcome (p < 0.001). With a similar follow up time, there were significantly higher SLICC-DI damage scores during last follow up visit (p = 0.004) and also higher death rates (p < 0.0001) in those with ELN. Low C3 (chi-square test, p = 0.01), but not C3 levels associated significantly with ELN. High anti-dsDNA antibody levels were associated with ELN (p < 0.0001), but anti-Sm, anti-RNP, anti-Ro, anti-La antibodies were not associated. Low C4, C4 levels, low CH50 and CH50 values had no significant association. High erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was associated with the absence of ELN (p = 0.02).

Conclusion
The frequency of ELN was 50%, resulting in higher morbidity and mortality compared to those without ELN. The urinary parameters, positive anti-dsDNA and low C3 are reliable for discriminating ELN.
Identification of QTLs and candidate genes for physiological traits associated with drought tolerance in cotton
Authors: MAGWANGA Richard Odongo , LU Pu , KIRUNGU Joy Nyangasi , CAI Xiaoyan , ZHOU Zhongli , AGONG Stephen Gaya , WANG Kunbo , LIU Fang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCotton is mainly grown for its natural fiber and edible oil. The fiber obtained from cotton is the indispensable raw material for the textile industries. The ever changing climatic condition, threatens cotton production due to a lack of sufficient water for its cultivation. Effects of drought stress are estimated to affect more than 50% of the cotton growing regions. To elucidate the drought tolerance phenomenon in cotton, a backcross population was developed fromG. tomentosum,a drought tolerant donor parent andG. hirsutumwhich is highly susceptible to drought stress.ResultsA genetic map of 10 888 SNP markers was developed from 200 BC2F2populations. The map spanned 4 191.3 centi-Morgan (cM), with an average distance of 0.104 7 cM, covering 51% and 49% of At and Dt sub genomes, respectively. Thirty stable Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected, in which more than a half were detected in the At subgenome. Eighty-nine candidate genes were mined within the QTL regions for three traits: cell membrane stability (CMS), saturated leaf weight (SLW) and chlorophyll content. The genes had varied physiochemical properties. A majority of the genes were interrupted by introns, and only 15 genes were intronless, accounting for 17% of the mined genes. The genes were found to be involved molecular function (MF), cellular component (CC) and biological process (BP), which are the main gene ontological (GO) functions. A number of miRNAs were detected, such as miR164, which is associated withNACandMYBgenes, with a profound role in enhancing drought tolerance in plants. Through RT-qPCR analysis, 5 genes were found to be the key genes involved in enhancing drought tolerance in cotton. Wild cotton harbors a number of favorable alleles, which can be exploited to aid in improving the narrow genetic base of the elite cotton cultivars. The detection of 30 stable QTLs and 89 candidate genes found to be contributed by the donor parent,G. tomentosum, showed the significant genes harbored by the wild progenitors which can be exploited in developing more robust cotton genotypes with diverse tolerance levels to various environmental stresses.ConclusionThis was the first study involving genome wide association mapping for drought tolerance traits in semi wild cotton genotypes. It offers an opportunity for future exploration of these genes in developing highly tolerant cotton cultivars to boost cotton production.