bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participation of Latinos in the Diabetes Self-Management Program and Programa de Manejo Personal de la Diabetes
Authors: Mendez-Luck Carolyn A , Govier Diana J , Luck Jeff , Julyan Esmeralda J , Mahakalanda Shyama , Herrera-Venson Angelica P 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe Diabetes Self-Management Program (DSMP) and Programa de Manejo Personal de la Diabetes (PMPD) have been shown to reduce complications from poorly controlled diabetes. Only a few research studies have examined Latino individuals’ participation in them. This study examines workshop completion among DSMP and PMPD participants and the effects of race/ethnicity, workshop language, workshop type, and workshop site on program completion rates by participants.Research Design and MethodsWe used data from the National Council on Aging’s data repository of individuals who participated in DSMP or PMPD between January 2010 and March 2019. Using a pooled cross-sectional study design, we examined workshop completion among 8,321 Latino and 23,537 non-Latino white (NLW) participants. We utilized linear probability models to estimate the effects of race/ethnicity and workshop language/type among the full sample; a stratified model estimated the separate effects of workshop language, type, and delivery site among Latinos. Participant characteristics included age, sex, education, number of chronic health conditions, living arrangement, health insurance status, and geographic location of workshop.ResultsCompared to NLW participants in DSMP English workshops, Latinos enrolled in any workshop had a higher probability of completing at least four workshop sessions, and Latinos enrolled in PMPD Spanish workshops had a higher probability of completing six of six sessions. Among the Latino subsample, participation in PMPD Spanish or English workshops was associated with completing at least four sessions or all six sessions compared with participation in DSMP Spanish or English workshops. Among Latino participants, the effects of workshop site on completion rates were mixed.Discussion and ImplicationsDiabetes self-management education programs tailored for Latino participants had higher completion rates. Further research is warranted to better understand the effect of workshop site and participant characteristics on completion of DSMP and PMPD programs.
The Humanities and Arts in The Gerontological Society of America
Authors: Achenbaum W Andrew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPerspectives from the humanities and arts (H&A) on old age have deep roots in history; they emerged over the centuries along with concurrent scientific investigations. Provisionally invited into the scientific ranks of The Gerontological Society of America (GSA) during the late 1970s, H&A prospered, but grew amid tensions. During 75th-anniversary celebrations, Society members will assess H&A’s role in GSA. How can H&A continue to enrich scientific research? How can H&A further advance its own meaningful contributions? Or, should H&A and GSA reconfigure its partnership?
Seismotectonics and 1-D velocity model of the Greater Geneva Basin, France–Switzerland
Authors: Antunes Verónica , Planès Thomas , Zahradník Jiří , Obermann Anne , Alvizuri Celso , Carrier Aurore , Lupi Matteo 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYThe Greater Geneva Basin (GGB), located in southwestern Switzerland and neighboring France, is enclosed by the rotating northwestern edge of the Alpine front and the Jura mountains chain. Recently, this basin has received increasing attention as a target for geothermal exploration. Historical and instrumental seismicity suggest that faults affecting the basin may still be active. Moderate-magnitude earthquakes have been located along the Vuache fault, a major strike-slip structure crossing the basin. Before geothermal exploration starts, it is key to evaluate the seismic rate in the region and identify possible seismogenic areas. In this context, we deployed a temporary seismic network of 20 broad-band stations (from September 2016 to January 2018) to investigate the ongoing seismic activity, its relationship with local tectonic structures, and the large-scale kinematics of the area. Our network lowered the magnitude of completeness of the permanent Swiss and French networks from 2.0 to a theoretical value of 0.5. Using a new coherence-based detector (LASSIE - particularly effective to detect microseismicity in noisy environments), we recorded scarce seismicity in the basin with local magnitudes ranging from 0.7 to 2.1 ML. No earthquakes were found in the Canton of Geneva where geothermal activities will take place. We constructed a local ’minimum 1-D P-wave velocity model’ adapted to the GGB using earthquakes from surrounding regions. We relocated the events of our catalogue obtaining deeper hypocentres compared to the locations obtained using the available regional velocity models. We also retrieved eight new focal mechanisms using a combination of polarities and waveform inversion techniques (CSPS). The stress inversion shows a pure strike-slip stress regime, which is in agreement with structural and geological data. Combining the background seismicity with our catalogue, we identified seismogenic areas offsetting the basin.
Serendipity and me
Authors: Waples Robin S 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHow much of your scientific career has unfolded as you planned, and how much has been shaped by blind luck? I suspect the latter has been more important than many of us realize, or at least acknowledge, but as Louis Pasteur said, “Chance favors only the prepared mind”—implying that we have at least some control over how random events affect our lives. Here, I discuss how large and small chance events have affected the trajectory of my scientific career.
The effects of dictionary use on second language vocabulary acquisition: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Songshan , Xu Hai , Zhang Xian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study reports on the results of a meta-analysis which investigates the effects of dictionary use on second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition, as well as the magnitude of the moderating effect of a number of moderator variables on the effectiveness of dictionary use in improving L2 vocabulary knowledge. A total of 125 effect sizes were gleaned from 44 studies, which represented 87 independent samples and included 3,475 participants. A random-effects model of the meta-analysis shows that the overall effect of dictionary use on L2 vocabulary acquisition is g = 2.10 (p &lt; .01) for within-group studies and g = 1.03 (p &lt; .01) for between-group studies respectively, which are both large in the domain of second language research. Subsequent moderator variable analysis reveals how treatment-related variables (timepoint, dictionary form, dictionary type, target lexical unit, vocabulary knowledge type, learning condition, and research setting), methodological variables (type of experimental design, presence of pretest, and assessment type), as well as learner-related variables (age and proficiency) might contribute to the variation across studies. Implications of the findings are discussed.
The ‘Range of Reasonable Responses’ Test: A Poor Substitution for the Statutory Language
Authors: Baker Aaron 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The ‘range of reasonable responses’ (RORR) test for assessing the fairness of a dismissal under section 98(4) ERA 1996 started life as a mistake and never recovered. Where the statute tells judges a dismissal is unfair if an employer acted ‘unreasonably’, the RORR tells them this refers to a special kind of ‘employer reasonableness’. In a setting where the only question is whether a dismissal is too harsh or not it is senseless to ask anyone, including a judge, to behave as if a dismissal they consider too harsh is nevertheless not too harsh. Yet this is what the RORR has always asked Employment Tribunal judges to do, with predictable results. Because they are told that they may not use their own idea of what counts as reasonable, they have no choice but to assume that ‘employer reasonableness’ tolerates more harshness than ‘reasonableness’. Lady Hale, possibly viewing the matter in the same light, appears to have invited a Supreme Court challenge to the RORR in Reilly v Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council. This article argues that the Supreme Court must do away with the RORR because it artificially makes it harder to succeed in an unfair dismissal claim, it is doctrinally confused, and incremental efforts by the lower courts to resolve these problems within the RORR framework inevitably fail. The answer must involve distinguishing between a ‘standard for decision’ and a ‘standard of review’. The RORR tried to perform both functions by distorting the standard for decision to address standard of review concerns. Recent Supreme Court case law on proportionality, however, has made it clear this is the wrong approach. What the Court should install, in place of the RORR, is (a) a clear standard for decision, not subject to modification over standard of review concerns, and (b) targeted guidance about how tribunals should focus their inquiry and where to give deference to employers.
Comparison and Refinement of Integrated Pest Management Tactics for Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Management in Apple Orchards
Authors: Leskey Tracy C , Short Brent D , Ludwick Dalton 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) has been managed primarily with broad-spectrum insecticides in orchard systems. Recently, IPM techniques have been developed specifically for managing H. halys in apple orchards to reduce insecticide inputs and take advantage of its perimeter-driven behavior. In 2015 and 2016, we compared these IPM tactics to one another and an untreated control to measure differences in overall crop protection and insecticide inputs. Tactics included trap-based threshold-triggered spray applications, perimeter-based attract-and-kill (AK) trees treated every 7- and 14-d, and perimeter spray applications applied every 7- and 14-d. All plots were monitored with baited black pyramid traps deployed in plot interiors. In both years, mean number of H. halys captured in untreated control plot traps was significantly greater than plots managed using IPM tactics. In 2015, significantly more insecticide applications were made in 7- and 14-d perimeter and AK plots compared with trap-based threshold plots. There was no significant difference in the percentage of injured fruit in plot interiors among IPM tactics; all were significantly lower than the control. In 2016, significantly more insecticide applications were made in 7-d perimeter spray and AK plots compared with all other treatments. Significantly less injury was detected in plot interiors for 7- and 14-d perimeter and trap-based threshold plots compared with the control and 7- and 14-d AK plots. Although all IPM tactics reduced H. halys injury in apples using a trap-based treatment threshold required fewer insecticide inputs and only during brief periods of the season, while all others required season-long maintenance.
Epidemiological Studies of Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation and Cancer: Rationale and Framework for the Monograph and Overview of Eligible Studies
Authors: Berrington de Gonzalez Amy , Daniels Robert D , Cardis Elisabeth , Cullings Harry M , Gilbert Ethel , Hauptmann Michael , Kendall Gerald , Laurier Dominique , Linet Martha S , Little Mark P , Lubin Jay H , Preston Dale L , Richardson David B , Stram Daniel , Thierry-Chef Isabelle , Schubauer-Berigan Mary K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Whether low-dose ionizing radiation can cause cancer is a critical and long-debated question in radiation protection. Since the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation report by the National Academies in 2006, new publications from large, well-powered epidemiological studies of low doses have reported positive dose-response relationships. It has been suggested, however, that biases could explain these findings. We conducted a systematic review of epidemiological studies with mean doses less than 100 mGy published 2006–2017. We required individualized doses and dose-response estimates with confidence intervals. We identified 26 eligible studies (eight environmental, four medical, and 14 occupational), including 91 000 solid cancers and 13 000 leukemias. Mean doses ranged from 0.1 to 82 mGy. The excess relative risk at 100 mGy was positive for 16 of 22 solid cancer studies and 17 of 20 leukemia studies. The aim of this monograph was to systematically review the potential biases in these studies (including dose uncertainty, confounding, and outcome misclassification) and to assess whether the subset of minimally biased studies provides evidence for cancer risks from low-dose radiation. Here, we describe the framework for the systematic bias review and provide an overview of the eligible studies.
Pathways by which Maternal Factors are Associated With Youth Spina Bifida-Related Responsibility
Authors: Driscoll Colleen F Bechtel , Ohanian Diana M , Ridosh Monique M , Stern Alexa , Wartman Elicia C , Starnes Meredith , Holmbeck Grayson N 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveAchieving condition-related autonomy is an important developmental milestone for youth with spina bifida (SB). However, the transfer of condition-related responsibility to these youth can be delayed due to parent factors. This study aimed to investigate two potential pathways by which maternal factors may be associated with condition-related responsibility among youth with SB: (a) Maternal adjustment → perception of child vulnerability (PPCV) → youth condition-related responsibility; and (b) Maternal PPCV → overprotection → youth condition-related responsibility.MethodsParticipating youth with SB (N = 140; Mage=11.4 years, range = 8–15 years) were recruited as part of a longitudinal study; data from three time points (each spaced 2 years apart) from the larger study were used. Mothers reported on personal adjustment factors, PPCV, and overprotection. An observational measure of overprotection was also included. Mothers, fathers, and youth with SB reported on youths’ degree of responsibility for condition-related tasks. Analyses included age, lesion level, IQ, and the dependent variables at the prior wave as covariates.ResultsBootstrapped mediation analyses revealed that PPCV significantly mediated the relationship between maternal distress and youth responsibility for medical tasks such that higher levels of distress at Time 1 predicted higher levels of PPCV at Time 2 and lower youth medical responsibility at Time 3. Furthermore, self-reported maternal overprotection significantly mediated the relationship between maternal PPCV and youth responsibility for medical tasks.ConclusionsMaternal personal distress, PPCV, and self-reported overprotection are interrelated and affect youth’s condition-related responsibility. Interventions for mothers of youth with SB that target these factors may improve both maternal and youth outcomes.
On monolithic supermassive stars
Authors: Woods Tyrone E , Heger Alexander , Haemmerlé Lionel 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Supermassive stars have been proposed as the progenitors of the massive ($\sim \!10^{9}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) quasars observed at z ∼ 7. Prospects for directly detecting supermassive stars with next-generation facilities depend critically on their intrinsic lifetimes, as well as their formation rates. We use the one-dimensional stellar evolution code kepler to explore the theoretical limiting case of zero-metallicity non-rotating stars, formed monolithically with initial masses between $10$ and $190\, \mathrm{kM}_{\odot }$. We find that stars born with masses between $\sim\! 60$ and $\sim\! 150\, \mathrm{kM}_{\odot }$ collapse at the end of the main sequence, burning stably for $\sim\! 1.5\, \mathrm{Myr}$. More massive stars collapse directly through the general relativistic instability after only a thermal time-scale of $\sim\! 3$–$4\, \mathrm{kyr}$. The expected difficulty in producing such massive thermally relaxed objects, together with recent results for currently preferred rapidly accreting formation models, suggests that such ‘truly direct’ or ‘dark’ collapses may not be typical for supermassive objects in the early Universe. We close by discussing the evolution of supermassive stars in the broader context of massive primordial stellar evolution and the possibility of supermassive stellar explosions.
Testing broad-line region models with reverberation mapping
Authors: Netzer Hagai 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
New reverberation mapping (RM) measurements, combined with accurate luminosities and line ratios, provide strong constraints on the location of the line emitting gas in the broad-line region (BLR) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In this paper, I present new calculations of radiation pressure and magnetic pressure confined clouds and apply them to a ‘generic AGN’ and to NGC 5548. The new calculations are in good agreement with the observed lags of all broad emission lines, and with the luminosities of Ly α, C iv 1549, O vi 1035, and He ii 1640. They are also in reasonable agreement with the luminosities of Mg ii 2798 and the 1990 Å blend of C iii] and Si iii] lines for high-metallicity gas. They explain the changes in time-lag following an increase in continuum luminosity and their dependencies on the inner and outer boundaries of the BLR. They also predict very strong Balmer and Paschen continua with important implications to continuum RM experiments. However, the calculated Balmer and Paschen line luminosities are too weak, by factors of 2–5. This ‘Balmer line crisis’ was noted in several earlier works and is now confirmed and constrained by RM measurements that were not available in the past. It seems that present photoionization codes that use the escape probability formalism fail to correctly compute the Balmer line luminosities in high-density, large optical depth gas.
Origin of giant stellar clumps in high-redshift galaxies
Authors: Meng Xi , Gnedin Oleg Y 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We examine the nature of kpc-scale clumps seen in high-redshift galaxies using a suite of cosmological simulations of galaxy formation. We identify rest-frame UV clumps in mock HST images smoothed to 500 pc resolution, and compare them with the intrinsic 3D clumps of young stars identified in the simulations with 100 pc resolution. According to this comparison for the progenitors of Milky Way-sized galaxies probed by our simulations, we expect that the stellar masses of the observed clumps are overestimated by as much as an order of magnitude, and that the sizes of these clumps are also overestimated by factor of several, due to a combination of spatial resolution and projection. The masses of young stars contributing most of the UV emission can also be overestimated by factor of a few. We find that most clumps of young stars present in a simulation at one time dissolve on a timescale shorter than ∼150 Myr. Some clumps with dense cores can last longer but eventually disperse. Most of the clumps are not bound structures, with virial parameter αvir &gt; 1. We find similar results for clumps identified in mock maps of H α emission measure. We examine the predictions for effective clump sizes from the linear theory of gravitational perturbations and conclude that they are inconsistent with being formed by global disc instabilities. Instead, the observed clumps represent random projections of multiple compact star-forming regions.
Jansky VLA observations of synchrotron emitting optical hotspots of 3C 227 and 3C 445 radio galaxies
Authors: Orienti M , Migliori G , Brunetti G , Nagai H , D’Ammando F , Mack K-H , Prieto M A 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We report results on deep Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) A-configuration observations at 22 GHz of the hotspots of the radio galaxies 3C 227 and 3C 445. Synchrotron emission in the optical on scales up to a few kpc was reported for the four hotspots. Our VLA observations point out the presence of unresolved regions with upper limit to their linear size of about 100 pc. This is the first time that such compact components in hotspots have been detected in a mini-sample, indicating that they are not a peculiar characteristic of a few individual hotspots. The polarization may reach values up to 70 per cent in compact (about 0.1 kpc scale) regions within the hotspot, indicating a highly ordered magnetic field with size up to a hundred parsecs. On larger scales, the average polarization of the hotspot component is about 30–45 per cent, suggesting the presence of a significant random field component, rather than an ordered magnetic field. This is further supported by the displacement between the peaks in polarized intensity and in total intensity images that is observed in all the four hotspots. The electric vector position angle is not constant, but changes arbitrarily in the central part of the hotspot regions, whereas it is usually perpendicular to the total intensity contours of the outermost edge of the hotspot structure, likely marking the large-scale shock front. The misalignment between X-ray and radio-to-optical emission suggests that the former is tracing the current particle acceleration, whereas the latter marks older shock fronts.
Pteronotus gymnonotus(Chiroptera: Mormoopidae)
Authors: Pavan Ana Carolina , da C. Tavares Valeria 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPteronotus gymnonotus (Wagner, 1843) is a medium-sized mormoopid commonly called the big naked-backed bat because of its wing membranes attached on the dorsal midline of the body, giving the appearance of a naked dorsum, and its large size in comparison to the other two species of naked-backed Pteronotus. The species is distributed across most of the Neotropical mainlands, ranging from southeastern Mexico through Central and South America south to northeastern Bolivia and central Brazil. P. gymnonotus has been considered as an uncommon species in most parts of its geographic distribution but there are some reports of more numerous local populations. It is an aerial insectivore that forages in open areas and gallery forests. Like other mormoopids P. gymnonotus usually forms large colonies roosting preferentially in hot and humid caves. It is currently listed as “Least Concern” according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List.
Are there alternatives to over-the-counter diabetes-care glucose-gels for transitional neonatal hypoglycemia?
Authors: Solimano Alfonso , Osiovich Horacio , Kwan Eddie , Metzger Daniel L , Everett Rob 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Transitional neonatal hypoglycemia is common in at-risk well newborns, requires immediate attention, interferes with breastfeeding, and frequently results in separation of mothers from their babies. Breastfeeding shortly after birth and screening at-risk newborns at 2 hours of age is standard practice in Canada. In the Sugar Babies Trial, a custom-made 40% glucose-gel massaged to the buccal mucosa in at-risk infants decreased intravenous glucose treatment, but not neonatal intensive care unit admission. It increased the rate of full breastfeeding after discharge but experts suggest that additional evidence is needed. Further, commercially available neonatal glucose-gels do not exist, so practitioners around the world have started using diabetes-care products, which do not meet standards for use in newborns. Here, we provide a condensed summary of the topic and of management alternatives.