bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The politics of implementation of the judicial council model in Europe
Authors: Castillo-Ortiz Pablo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCurrently, at least three approaches to judicial governance coexist in the European continent: the judicial council model, the courts service model, and the Ministry of Justice model. Although doctrinal and case-specific literatures abound on this topic, examples of cross-country studies explaining choices on these models of judicial governance are rather scarce. More particularly, we lack so far knowledge on how different factors interact in leading to the implementation of the judicial council model. This is striking, given the importance of judicial councils for the operation of the rule of law. Furthermore, explanations on the choices of models of judicial governance are essential to understanding the intricate issue of the political rationalities underlying macrolevel design of judicial institutions. Using qualitative comparative analysis and focusing on European liberal democracies, this article contributes to the literature in the field. It is shown that judicial councils are created when postauthoritarian countries implement new constitutions either in romanistic law countries or in countries subject to Europeanizing pressures.
MGeND: an integrated database for Japanese clinical and genomic information
Authors: Kamada Mayumi , Nakatsui Masahiko , Kojima Ryosuke , Nohara Sachio , Uchino Eiichiro , Tanishima Shigeki , Sugiyama Masaya , Kosaki Kenjiro , Tokunaga Katsushi , Mizokami Masashi , Okuno Yasushi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo promote the implementation of genomic medicine, we developed an integrated database, the Medical Genomics Japan Variant Database (MGeND). In its first release, MGeND provides data regarding genomic variations in Japanese individuals, collected by research groups in five disease fields. These variations consist of curated SNV/INDEL variants and susceptibility variants for diseases established by genome-wide association study analysis. Furthermore, we recorded the frequencies of HLA alleles in infectious disease populations.
Exploring multistability in prismatic metamaterials through local actuation
Authors: Iniguez-Rabago Agustin , Li Yun , Overvelde Johannes T. B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMetamaterials are artificial materials that derive their unusual properties from their periodic architecture. Some metamaterials can deform their internal structure to switch between different properties. However, the precise control of these deformations remains a challenge, as these structures often exhibit non-linear mechanical behavior. We introduce a computational and experimental strategy to explore the folding behavior of a range of 3D prismatic building blocks that exhibit controllable multifunctionality. By applying local actuation patterns, we are able to explore and visualize their complex mechanical behavior. We find a vast and discrete set of mechanically stable configurations, that arise from local minima in their elastic energy. Additionally these building blocks can be assembled into metamaterials that exhibit similar behavior. The mechanical principles on which the multistable behavior is based are scale-independent, making our designs candidates for e.g., reconfigurable acoustic wave guides, microelectronic mechanical systems and energy storage systems.
Structural basis of ligand selectivity and disease mutations in cysteinyl leukotriene receptors
Authors: Gusach Anastasiia , Luginina Aleksandra , Marin Egor , Brouillette Rebecca L. , Besserer-Offroy Élie , Longpré Jean-Michel , Ishchenko Andrii , Popov Petr , Patel Nilkanth , Fujimoto Taku , Maruyama Toru , Stauch Benjamin , Ergasheva Margarita , Romanovskaia Daria , Stepko Anastasiia , Kovalev Kirill , Shevtsov Mikhail , Gordeliy Valentin , Han Gye Won , Katritch Vsevolod , Borshchevskiy Valentin , Sarret Philippe , Mishin Alexey , Cherezov Vadim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCysteinyl leukotriene G protein-coupled receptors CysLT1 and CysLT2 regulate pro-inflammatory responses associated with allergic disorders. While selective inhibition of CysLT1R has been used for treating asthma and associated diseases for over two decades, CysLT2R has recently started to emerge as a potential drug target against atopic asthma, brain injury and central nervous system disorders, as well as several types of cancer. Here, we describe four crystal structures of CysLT2R in complex with three dual CysLT1R/CysLT2R antagonists. The reported structures together with the results of comprehensive mutagenesis and computer modeling studies shed light on molecular determinants of CysLTR ligand selectivity and specific effects of disease-related single nucleotide variants.
Muscleblind acts as a modifier of FUS toxicity by modulating stress granule dynamics and SMN localization
Authors: Casci Ian , Krishnamurthy Karthik , Kour Sukhleen , Tripathy Vadreenath , Ramesh Nandini , Anderson Eric N. , Marrone Lara , Grant Rogan A. , Oliver Stacie , Gochenaur Lauren , Patel Krishani , Sterneckert Jared , Gleixner Amanda M. , Donnelly Christopher J. , Ruepp Marc-David , Sini Antonella M. , Zuccaro Emanuela , Pennuto Maria , Pasinelli Piera , Pandey Udai Bhan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMutations in fused in sarcoma (FUS) lead to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with varying ages of onset, progression and severity. This suggests that unknown genetic factors contribute to disease pathogenesis. Here we show the identification of muscleblind as a novel modifier of FUS-mediated neurodegeneration in vivo. Muscleblind regulates cytoplasmic mislocalization of mutant FUS and subsequent accumulation in stress granules, dendritic morphology and toxicity in mammalian neuronal and human iPSC-derived neurons. Interestingly, genetic modulation of endogenous muscleblind was sufficient to restore survival motor neuron (SMN) protein localization in neurons expressing pathogenic mutations in FUS, suggesting a potential mode of suppression of FUS toxicity. Upregulation of SMN suppressed FUS toxicity in Drosophila and primary cortical neurons, indicating a link between FUS and SMN. Our data provide in vivo evidence that muscleblind is a dominant modifier of FUS-mediated neurodegeneration by regulating FUS-mediated ALS pathogenesis.
In silico prediction of high-resolution Hi-C interaction matrices
Authors: Zhang Shilu , Chasman Deborah , Knaack Sara , Roy Sushmita 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe three-dimensional (3D) organization of the genome plays an important role in gene regulation bringing distal sequence elements in 3D proximity to genes hundreds of kilobases away. Hi-C is a powerful genome-wide technique to study 3D genome organization. Owing to experimental costs, high resolution Hi-C datasets are limited to a few cell lines. Computational prediction of Hi-C counts can offer a scalable and inexpensive approach to examine 3D genome organization across multiple cellular contexts. Here we present HiC-Reg, an approach to predict contact counts from one-dimensional regulatory signals. HiC-Reg predictions identify topologically associating domains and significant interactions that are enriched for CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) bidirectional motifs and interactions identified from complementary sources. CTCF and chromatin marks, especially repressive and elongation marks, are most important for HiC-Reg’s predictive performance. Taken together, HiC-Reg provides a powerful framework to generate high-resolution profiles of contact counts that can be used to study individual locus level interactions and higher-order organizational units of the genome.
3D extruded composite thermoelectric threads for flexible energy harvesting
Authors: Peng J. , Witting I. , Geisendorfer N. , Wang M. , Chang M. , Jakus A. , Kenel C. , Yan X. , Shah R. , Snyder G. J. , Grayson M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhereas the rigid nature of standard thermoelectrics limits their use, flexible thermoelectric platforms can find much broader applications, for example, in low-power, wearable energy harvesting for internet-of-things applications. Here we realize continuous, flexible thermoelectric threads via a rapid extrusion of 3D-printable composite inks (Bi2Te3n-orp-type micrograins within a non-conducting polymer as a binder) followed by compression through a roller-pair, and we demonstrate their applications in flexible, low-power energy harvesting. The thermoelectric power factors of these threads are enhanced up to 7 orders-of-magnitude after lateral compression, principally due to improved conductivity resulting from reduced void volume fraction and partial alignment of thermoelectric micrograins. This dependence is quantified using a conductivity/Seebeck vise for pressure-controlled studies. The resulting grain-to-grain conductivity is well explained with a modified percolation theory to model a pressure-dependent conductivity. Flexible thermoelectric modules are demonstrated to utilize thermal gradients either parallel or transverse to the thread direction.
The ultrathin limit of improper ferroelectricity
Authors: Nordlander J. , Campanini M. , Rossell M. D. , Erni R. , Meier Q. N. , Cano A. , Spaldin N. A. , Fiebig M. , Trassin M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe secondary nature of polarization in improper ferroelectrics promotes functional properties beyond those of conventional ferroelectrics. In technologically relevant ultrathin films, however, the improper ferroelectric behavior remains largely unexplored. Here, we probe the emergence of the coupled improper polarization and primary distortive order parameter in thin films of hexagonal YMnO3. Combining state-of-the-art in situ characterization techniques separately addressing the improper ferroelectric state and its distortive driving force, we reveal a pronounced thickness dependence of the improper polarization, which we show to originate from the strong modification of the primary order at epitaxial interfaces. Nanoscale confinement effects on the primary order parameter reduce the temperature of the phase transition, which we exploit to visualize its order-disorder character with atomic resolution. Our results advance the understanding of the evolution of improper ferroelectricity within the confinement of ultrathin films, which is essential for their successful implementation in nanoscale applications.
The visual word form area (VWFA) is part of both language and attention circuitry
Authors: Chen Lang , Wassermann Demian , Abrams Daniel A. , Kochalka John , Gallardo-Diez Guillermo , Menon Vinod 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhile predominant models of visual word form area (VWFA) function argue for its specific role in decoding written language, other accounts propose a more general role of VWFA in complex visual processing. However, a comprehensive examination of structural and functional VWFA circuits and their relationship to behavior has been missing. Here, using high-resolution multimodal imaging data from a large Human Connectome Project cohort (N = 313), we demonstrate robust patterns of VWFA connectivity with both canonical language and attentional networks. Brain-behavior relationships revealed a striking pattern of double dissociation: structural connectivity of VWFA with lateral temporal language network predicted language, but not visuo-spatial attention abilities, while VWFA connectivity with dorsal fronto-parietal attention network predicted visuo-spatial attention, but not language abilities. Our findings support a multiplex model of VWFA function characterized by distinct circuits for integrating language and attention, and point to connectivity-constrained cognition as a key principle of human brain organization.
Human kinematic, kinetic and EMG data during different walking and stair ascending and descending tasks
Authors: Lencioni Tiziana , Carpinella Ilaria , Rabuffetti Marco , Marzegan Alberto , Ferrarin Maurizio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper reports the kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic (EMG) dataset of human locomotion during level walking at different velocities, toe- and heel-walking, stairs ascending and descending. A sample of 50 healthy subjects, with an age between 6 and 72 years, is included. For each task, both raw data and computed variables are reported including: the 3D coordinates of external markers, the joint angles of lower limb in the sagittal, transversal and horizontal anatomical planes, the ground reaction forces and torques, the center of pressure, the lower limb joint mechanical moments and power, the displacement of the whole body center of mass, and the surface EMG signals of the main lower limb muscles. The data reported in the present study, acquired from subjects with different ages, represents a valuable dataset useful for future studies on locomotor function in humans, particularly as normative reference to analyze pathological gait, to test the performance of simulation models of bipedal locomotion, and to develop control algorithms for bipedal robots or active lower limb exoskeletons for rehabilitation.
Determination of Heavy Metals in Herbal Food Supplements using Bismuth/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes/Nafion modified Graphite Electrodes sourced from Waste Batteries
Authors: Palisoc Shirley , Vitto Remuel Isaac M. , Natividad Michelle 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn electrochemical sensor based on graphite electrode extracted from waste zinc-carbon battery is developed. The graphite electrode was modified with bismuth nanoparticles (BiNP), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and Nafion via the drop coating method. The bare and modified graphite electrodes were used as the working electrode in anodic stripping voltammetry for the determination of trace amounts of cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+). The modified electrode exhibited excellent electroanalytical performance for heavy metal detection in comparison with the bare graphite electrode. The linear concentration range from 5 parts per billion (ppb) to 1000 ppb (R2 = 0.996), as well as detection limits of 1.06 ppb for Cd2+and 0.72 ppb for Pb2+were obtained at optimized experimental conditions and parameters. The sensor was successfully utilized for the quantification of Cd2+and Pb2+in herbal food supplement samples with good agreement to the results obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Thus, the BiNP/MWCNT/Nafion modified graphite electrode is a cost-effective and environment-friendly sensor for monitoring heavy metal contamination.
Subsoil microbial community responses to air exposure and legume growth depend on soil properties across different depths
Authors: Yan Hongmei , Yang Fan , Gao Jiamin , Peng Ziheng , Chen Weimin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic disturbance, such as agricultural and architectural activities, can greatly influence belowground soil microbes, and thus soil formation and nutrient cycling. The objective of this study was to investigate microbial community variation in deep soils affected by strong disturbances. In present study, twelve soil samples were collected from different depths (0–300 cm) and placed onto the surface. We investigated the structure variation of the microbial community down through the soil profiles in response to disturbance originated by legume plants (robinia and clover) cultivation vs. plant-free controls. The high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed that microbial α-diversity decreased with depth, and that growing both plants significantly impacted the diversity in the topsoil. The soil profile was clustered into three layers: I (0–40 cm), II (40–120 cm), and III (120–300 cm); with significantly different taxa found among them. Soil properties explained a large amount of the variation (23.5%) in the microbial community, and distinct factors affected microbial assembly in the different layers, e.g., available potassium in layer I, pH and total nitrogen in layer II, pH and organic matter in layer III. The prediction of metabolic functions and oxygen requirements indicated that the number of aerobic bacteria increased with more air exposure, which may further accelerate the transformation of nitrogen, sulfur, carbon, and pesticides in the soil. The diversity of soil microorganisms followed a depth-decay pattern, but became higher following legume growth and air exposure, with notable abundance variation of several important bacterial species, mainly belonging to Nitrospira, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes, and soil properties occurring across the soil profiles.
Non‐metallic printed circuit board waste derived carbon for the supercapacitor electrode material
Authors: Qin Hengfei , Pan Junli , Zhou Yue , Zhu Binglong , Huang Jizhong , Huang Hongying , Wang Liangbiao , Hou Yanbiao , Zhou Quanfa 
Published: December 2019

Highly specific surface area carbon materials derived from the waste printed circuit board (WPCB) for supercapacitor electrode material are feasibly prepared via microwave carbonisation and KOH activation process with controlled activation temperature. The effect of activation temperature on the pore structure and the electrochemical performance of the products are studied. The results demonstrate that the appropriate pore structure plays an important role in the application of supercapacitor. The electrochemical performance tests show that the specific capacitance of WPCB‐800 can reach 134.2 F g−1 at current density of 200 mA g−1, and the capacity retention rate is 96.2% after 2000 cycles.
ALMA and NACO observations towards the young exoring transit system J1407 (V1400 Cen)
Authors: Kenworthy M. A. , Klaassen P. D. , Min M. , van der Marel N. , Bohn A. J. , Kama M. , Triaud A. , Hales A. , Monkiewicz J. , Scott E. , Mamajek E. E. 
Published: December 2019

Aims. Our aim was to directly detect the thermal emission of the putative exoring system responsible for the complex deep transits observed in the light curve for the young Sco-Cen star 1SWASP J140747.93-394542.6 (V1400 Cen, hereafter J1407), confirming it as the occulter seen in May 2007, and to determine its orbital parameters with respect to the star.
Methods. We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to observe the field centred on J1407 in the 340 GHz (Band 7) continuum in order to determine the flux and astrometric location of the ring system relative to the star. We used the VLT/NACO camera to observe the J1407 system in March 2019 and to search for the central planetary mass object at thermal infrared wavelengths.
Results. We detect no point source at the expected location of J1407, and derive an upper limit 3σ level of 57.6 μJy. There is a point source detected at an angular separation consistent with the expected location for a free-floating ring system that occulted J1407 in May 2007, with a flux of 89 μJy consistent with optically thin dust surrounding a massive substellar companion. At 3.8 μm with the NACO camera, we detect the star J1407 but no other additional point sources within 1.3 arcsec of the star, with a lower bound on the sensitivity of 6 MJup at the location of the ALMA source, and down to 4 MJup in the sky background limit.
Conclusions. The ALMA upper limit at the location of J1407 implies that a hypothesised bound ring system is composed of dust smaller than 1 mm in size, implying a young ring structure. The detected ALMA source has multiple interpretations, including: (i) it is an unbound substellar object surrounded by warm dust in Sco-Cen with an upper mass limit of 6 MJup, or (ii) it is a background galaxy.
The importance of special relativistic effects in modelling ultra-fast outflows
Authors: Luminari A. , Tombesi F. , Piconcelli E. , Nicastro F. , Fukumura K. , Kazanas D. , Fiore F. , Zappacosta L. 
Published: December 2019

Context. Outflows are observed in a variety of astrophysical sources. Remarkably, ultra-fast (v ≥ 0.1c), highly ionised outflows in the UV and X-ray bands are often seen in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Depending on their kinetic power and mass outflow rate, Ėout and Ṁout, respectively, these outflows may play a key role in regulating the AGN–host galaxy co-evolution process through cosmic time and metal-feeding the surrounding circum-/inter-galactic medium. It is therefore crucial to provide accurate estimates of the wind properties, including Ṁout and Ėout.
Aims. Here we concentrate on special relativistic effects concerning the interaction of light with matter moving at relativistic speed relatively to the source of radiation. Our aim is to assess the impact of these effects on the observed properties of the outflows and implement a correction for these effects in the existing spectral modelling routines.
Methods. We define a simple procedure to incorporate relativistic effects in radiative transfer codes. Following this procedure, we run a series of simulations to explore the impact of relativistic effects for different outflow velocities and column densities.
Results. The observed optical depth of the wind is usually considered a proxy for its column density NH, independently of the velocity of the outflow. However, our simulations show that the observed optical depth of an outflow with a given NH decreases rapidly as the velocity of the wind approaches relativistic values. This, in turn, implies that when estimating NH from the optical depth, it is necessary to include a velocity-dependent correction, already for moderate velocities (e.g. vout ≳ 0.05c). This correction linearly propagates to the derived quantities Ṁout and Ėout.
Conclusions. We demonstrate that special relativistic effects must be considered in order to obtain correct estimates of Ṁout and Ėout for an outflow moving at a mildly relativistic speed relative to the illuminating source of radiation. As an example, we calculate the relativistically corrected values of Ṁout and Ėout for a sample of ∼30 ultra-fast outflows (UFOs) taken from the literature and find correction factors of 20 − 120% within the observed range of outflowing velocities (vout ≈ 0.1 − 0.3c). This brings the ratio between Ṁout and the disc accretion rate close or even above unity for the vast majority of the sources of the sample, highlighting the importance of the reported relativistic corrections to understand the growth of the most massive black holes. The next generation of high-sensitivity X-ray telescopes such as XRISM and Athena will provide a much more complete census of UFOs, especially in the fastest velocity regime where the relativistic corrections are increasingly important.