bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Creative Thinking, and Trait Resilience among Chinese Adolescents Exposed to the Lushan Earthquake
Authors: Liang Yiming , Zheng Hao , Cheng Jin , Zhou Yueyue , Liu Zhengkui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTrauma has been shown to have a detrimental impact on individuals; however, it may also provide an opportunity for individual growth. The present study investigated the relationship between post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and creative thinking and examined the role of trait resilience as a potential moderator of the relationship. A longitudinal study was conducted 1.5 months after the Lushan earthquake (T1: June 2013), and 102 students who experienced the earthquake were surveyed. PTSS were measured at T1 (June 2013), trait resilience was measured at T2 (October 2013), and creative thinking was measured at T3 (April 2014). PTSS and trait resilience were measured by self‐reported questionnaires, and creative thinking was assessed by the Practical Creative Thinking Test. Overall, PTSS were negatively associated with creative thinking, and trait resilience moderated this relationship. Further analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between PTSS and creative thinking for individuals with high trait resilience. The current study highlights the moderating effect of trait resilience on the relationship between PTSS and creative thinking and identifies a positive association between PTSS and creative thinking among early adolescents with high trait resilience. Our findings suggest that increased creative thinking may be a manifestation of post‐traumatic growth in the cognitive process.
Ultrasound Surveillance of Abnormal Cervical Lymph Nodes in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma After Surgery
Authors: Hu Minxia , Xia Chunxia , Zhou Yajing , Yu Fengxia , Zhu Qiang , Zhao Hanxue 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo document the changing trends of abnormal cervical lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) who had serial follow‐up ultrasound (US) scans after surgery and to determine how these node abnormalities progress in real time.MethodsUltrasound findings from 568 consecutive patients with PTC who were monitored postoperatively were reviewed. Abnormal LNs were classified as either suspicious or indeterminate according to the European Thyroid Association guidelines. Outcomes from US monitoring of the LNs were recorded and analyzed.ResultsSeventy‐six (13.4%) of 568 patients were identified with abnormal LNs. Among them, 55 (72.4%) were initially found to have suspicious LNs, and the other 21 (27.6%) had indeterminate lesions. Of the 55 suspicious LNs, final scans showed that 38 (69.1%) lesions were still suspicious, whereas the remaining 17 (30.9%) nodes were shown to have resolved after a median follow‐up of 36 months. Of the 21 indeterminate node abnormalities, final scans showed that 16 (76.2%) LNs remained indeterminate, whereas the other 5 (23.8%) nodes had developed into suspicious LNs after a median follow‐up of 44 months. Loss of the fatty hilum and peripheral or diffusedly increased vascularity were more likely to be linked to persistent suspicious LNs (P = .02 and .04, respectively). Suspicious LNs with echogenic foci but a lack of other abnormal features were more frequently found to have resolved thereafter (P = .03).ConclusionsAbnormal LNs detected after PTC surgery can often remain indolent during US surveillance, and a small portion of the nodes would have resolved over time.
Superfast Self‐Healing and Photothermal Active Hydrogel with Nondefective Graphene as Effective Additive
Authors: Du Lina , Cao Shuai , Zheng Xiaoli , Jiang Lei , Ren Zhiyong , Chen Jun , Xu Qun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract2D graphene with high quality holds great promise in improving the performance of the hydrogels owing to its exceptional electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties. However, the structure defects existed in graphene restrict its further applications. Herein, a simple and green method of fabricating defect‐free graphene nanosheets with the assistance of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) is designed. The graphene nanosheets directly assemble with acrylic acid monomer and clay, and a flexible semitransparent hydrogel is fabricated. Benefiting from the excellent properties of the defect‐free graphene, the hydrogel exhibits the high mechanical performance, superfast self‐healing capability, excellent conductivity, and super photothermal conversion efficiency. According to the advantages above, the graphene/poly(acrylic acid)/clay hydrogels can be used for intelligent sensors for disease diagnosis, artificial electronic skin, and military stealth materials in the near future.
Laser‐made 3D Auxetic Metamaterial Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Flamourakis George , Spanos Ioannis , Vangelatos Zacharias , Manganas Phanee , Papadimitriou Lina , Grigoropoulos Costas , Ranella Anthi , Farsari Maria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExploiting the unique properties of three‐dimensional (3D) auxetic scaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications provides new impetus to these fields. Herein, the results on the fabrication and characterization of 3D auxetic scaffolds for tissue engineering applications are presented. The scaffolds are based on the well‐known re‐entrant hexagonal geometry (bowtie) and they are fabricated by multiphoton lithography using the organic−inorganic photopolymer SZ2080. In situ scanning electron microscopy–microindentations and nanoindention experiments are employed to characterize the photocurable resin SZ2080 and the scaffolds fabricated with it. Despite SZ2080 being a stiff material with a positive Poisson’s ratio, the scaffolds exhibit a negative Poisson’s ratio and high elasticity due to their architecture. Next, mouse fibroblasts are used to seed the scaffolds, showing that they can readily penetrate them and proliferate in them, adapting the scaffold shape to suit the cells’ requirements. Moreover, the scaffold architecture provides the cells with a predilection to specific directions, an imperative parameter for regenerative medicine in many cell‐based applications. This research paves the way for the utility of 3D auxetic metamaterials as the next‐generation adaptable scaffolds for tissue engineering.
Facile Synthesis and In‐Depth Characterization of Polymethacrylimides with Tunable Properties
Authors: Jovic Kristina , De Bruycker Kevin , Richter Thomas , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Blinco James P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigh‐performance polymers such as polymethacrylimides have outstanding properties, for example, a unique strength‐to‐weight ratio and a high thermal stability, usually coupled to a high glass transition temperature. However, the requirement of high processing temperatures caused by these high glass‐transition temperatures is often not desired for melt extrusion processes. Herein, a novel and straightforward imidization process of poly(methacrylic anhydrides) is presented with different ratios of ammonia and N‐isopropylamine that is induced by thermal treatment. Therefore, polymethacrylimides with a varying degree of N‐substitution, and thus a varying number of hydrogen‐bond‐donating moieties, are synthesized under facile reaction conditions. An in‐depth investigation into the structures obtained with this new methodology is undertaken via a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Additionally, thermal properties of the materials are investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. These latter measurements highlight the key opportunity available with this novel synthesis to tailor the thermal properties of the polymer by providing a clear correlation between hydrogen bond formation, as observed by FT‐IR, and the glass transition temperature.
Preparation of Poly(Ionic Liquid) Particles with Anionic Side Chain by Dispersion Polymerization
Authors: Nakano Takanori , Yamane Mitsuyoshi , Kurozuka Aya , Suzuki Toyoko , Minami Hideto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicrometer‐sized poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) particles with an anionic side chain, poly(1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium 3‐sulfopropyl methacrylate) (poly([Bmim][SPMT])), are successfully prepared by dispersion polymerization at 60 °C in ethanol/ethyl acetate (2/8, w/w) with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) as a stabilizer. However, the obtained particles do not maintain the particulate state during drying at room temperature due to poly([Bmim][SPMT])’s low glass‐transition temperature, below room temperature. In order to prevent coalescence and maintain particle shape, a cross‐linking monomer is added after the nucleation stage of dispersion polymerization. Moreover, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) demonstrates cation exchange between the obtained particles and metal cations (Ag+).
A 3 dB E‐plane waveguide directional coupler employing micromachining technique for terahertz application
Authors: Deng Jiang‐Yu , Duan Jun‐Ping , Liu Rui , Zhang Bin‐Zhen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, 3 dB branch‐line waveguide in the range of 335‐415 GHz directional coupler is proposed, where the insertion loss is less than 0.9 dB and the directionality is better than 20 dB. The coupler is composed of three “crossing”‐shaped structures, which can effectively enhance the directionality and coupling, based on a certain broad bandwidth. The designed coupler has been modeled and optimized, using commercial full‐wave simulation software HFSS, fabricated by the UV‐LIGA process. In addition, its deformation was theoretically analyzed at different pressures by ANSYS software to test its practicability. Both of the test and simulated results have a nice correlation. We conclude that our proposed coupler has excellent performance and can be used for the investigation of submillimeter wave components in terahertz applications.
Characterizing a PTW microDiamond detector in kilovoltage radiation beams
Authors: Khan Ahtesham Ullah , Culberson Wesley S. , DeWerd Larry A. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe aim of this work was to characterize the dosimetric properties of the PTW microDiamond (60019) single crystal synthetic diamond detector (DD) in kilovoltage x‐ray beams. The following characteristics were addressed in this study: required preirradiation dose, dose‐rate linearity, energy dependence, and percent depth dose response of the DD.MethodsUWADCL x‐ray beams, characterized by NIST‐traceable ionization chambers, were used in this study. Preirradiation dose required by the DD, in order to stabilize the detector’s response to within 0.1%, was quantitated. Dose‐rate dependence was also investigated using the UW250‐M and UW50‐M beams, where the dose rate was varied by changing the tube current.

and

calibration coefficients for all the available M series beams at UWADCL were obtained to determine the energy dependence of the DD, Diode E, Diode P, and P11 parallel‐plate ionization chamber. A custom‐built water tank was utilized to measure the percent depth dose (PDD) response of the DD, Diode E, Diode P, and P11 chamber in UW250‐M, UW100‐M, and UW50‐M beams. The measured PDD response of the detectors was compared with the simulated PDD data using EGSnrc Monte Carlo code.ResultsA 1.5 Gy dose‐to‐water or air‐kerma was found to be sufficient for the given DD’s response to stabilize to within 0.1% in all of the beams used in this study. The dose‐rate dependence parameter, Δ, was found to be 1.00 ± 0.02 and 1.016 ± 0.05 for the UW250‐M and UW50‐M beams, respectively. Relative to the

Co calibration coefficients, the DD was found to under‐respond relative to calculated absorbed dose to water response and over‐respond relative to the calculated air‐kerma response in the M‐series beams. Agreement of 1.5% was found between the measured PDD values and Monte Carlo simulated PDD values for UW250‐M, UW100‐M, and UW50‐M beams.ConclusionsIn order to stabilize the response, the DD needs a preirradiation dose, which is unique to every DD. A linear relationship between detector response and dose rate was found within the evaluated uncertainty. An energy dependence of the DD was studied, which is more pronounced in the low‐energy beams and can be partially attributed to the metal contact material around the sensitive volume of the DD. Overall, the DD was found to be suitable for kilovoltage x‐ray dosimetry.
A biological effect‐guided optimization approach using beam distal‐edge avoidance for intensity‐modulated proton therapy
Authors: Bai Xuemin , Lim Gino , Grosshans David , Mohan Radhe , Cao Wenhua 
Published: June 2020

PurposeLinear energy transfer (LET)‐guided methods have been applied to intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) to improve its biological effect. However, using LET as a surrogate for biological effect ignores the topological relationship of the scanning spot to different structures of interest. In this study, we developed an optimization method that takes advantage of the continuing increase in LET beyond the physical dose Bragg peak. This method avoids placing high biological effect values in critical structures and increases biological effect in the tumor area without compromising target coverage.MethodsWe selected the cases of two patients with brain tumors and two patients with head and neck tumors who had been treated with proton therapy at our institution. Three plans were created for each case: a plan based on conventional dose‐based optimization (DoseOpt), one based on LET‐incorporating optimization (LETOpt), and one based on the proposed distal‐edge avoidance‐guided optimization method (DEAOpt). In DEAOpt, an L1‐norm sparsity term, in which the penalty of each scanning spot was set according to the topological relationship between the organ positions and the location of the peak scaled LET‐weighted dose (c LETxD) was added to a conventional dose‐based optimization objective function. All plans were normalized to give the same target dose coverage. Dose (assuming a constant relative biological effectiveness value of 1.1, as in clinical practice), biological effect (c LETxD), and computing time consumption were evaluated and compared among the three optimization approaches for each patient case.ResultsFor all four cases, all three optimization methods generated comparable dose coverage in both target and critical structures. The LETOpt plans and DEAOpt plans reduced biological effect hot spots in critical structures and increased biological effect in the target volumes to a similar extent. For the target, the c LETxD98% and c LETxD2% in the DEAOpt plans were on average 7.2% and 11.74% higher than in the DoseOpt plans, respectively. For the brainstem, the c LETxDmean in the DEAOpt plans was on average 33.38% lower than in the DoseOpt plans. In addition, the DEAOpt method saved 30.37% of the computation cost over the LETOpt method.ConclusionsDEAOpt is an alternative IMPT optimization approach that correlates the location of scanning spots with biological effect distribution. IMPT could benefit from the use of DEAOpt because this method not only delivers comparable biological effects to LETOpt plans, but also is faster.
Short‐ and long‐term outcomes of gestational diabetes and its treatment on fetal development
Authors: Murray Sarah R. , Reynolds Rebecca M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlobally the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is rising mainly due to the increase in maternal obesity. A number of different methods to screen for and diagnose GDM have been described although consensus on the preferred methods does not yet exist. GDM has significant short‐ and long‐term health risks for the mother, developing fetus and the children born to mothers with GDM. Short‐term risks for the fetus include macrosomia (excessive birthweight), shoulder dystocia, birth trauma, and hypoglycaemia in the immediate postpartum period. Long‐term risks for offspring born to mothers with GDM include increased rates of childhood and adulthood obesity and an increased cardiometabolic risk. A number of pharmacological treatments for GDM have been identified, these include insulin and oral glucose‐lowering drugs metformin and glibenclamide. Whilst these oral glucose‐lowering drugs show similar short‐term childhood outcomes to insulin there is increasing evidence that these drugs may have adverse long‐term outcomes on children and adults exposed to the drugs in utero. Future research on treatments for GDM should include long‐term follow‐ up of children exposed to glucose lowering medication in utero to determine the long‐term cardiometabolic risk in the offspring born to mothers with GDM.
Design of ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer foam and its double‐layer composite for improving sound absorption properties via experimental method and theoretical verification
Authors: Wang Xiting , Wang Yansong , Ma Lifeng , Guo Hui , Yang Chao , Liu Ningning , Wang Jincheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, the ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM) foam was fabricated via 4‐4′‐oxobisbenzenesulfonyl hydrazide (OBSH) and phenolic resin (PF) in an effort to prepare the sound‐absorbing composite which has excellent sound absorption at the medium and low frequency. For single‐layer EPDM foams, cell morphology showed a certain pattern, causing the peak of the sound absorption coefficient move to a higher frequency and the peak value reached a maximum of about 0.75 as the OBSH content increased. In addition, with the foaming temperature increasing, the cell morphology had a different tendency and the peak of the sound absorption coefficient moved first to the higher frequency and then to the lower frequency due to the vulcanization reaction. Compared with the single‐layer EPDM foams, the sound absorption curve of the double‐layer composite made of the single‐layer EPDM foam and pure EPDM sheet with cavities moved to a lower frequency by about 400 Hz. The theoretical calculation method was used to verify the accuracy of the experimental results. This work provided a simple approach to control the sound absorption property of EPDM foamed material and its double‐layer composite through from an experimental and theoretical perspective.
Chain conformation and dynamics in ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene melts undergoing extensional–shear coupled flow: insight from dissipative particle dynamics simulation
Authors: Wang Junxia , Chen Xiaochuan , Cao Changlin , Yu Dingshan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA first attempt is made to present a detailed mesoscopic‐level description of the conformation and equilibrium dynamic properties of macromolecular chains in ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/polypropylene blends driven by extension‐dominated coupled flow, in comparison with shear‐dominated coupled flow. Extension‐dominated coupled flow can be defined as = 0.005, ≥ 0.1 and shear‐dominated coupled flow as = 0.1, ≥ 1, as verified by the time‐dependent evolution tendency of cell parameters and velocity profiles along the x, y, z directions. In the case of extension‐dominated coupled flow, the chains are greatly elongated and prefer to align along the flow direction, where the polypropylene chains appear to form a somewhat uniform layer. By comparison, the macromolecular chains assume a highly collapsed conformation and have a greater preference to align themselves perpendicular to the flow direction under shear‐dominated coupled flow, which can be ascribed to the rapid diffusion of polymer chains and a minor role of the weak van de Waals interaction in structural transitions. Analyses of conformational behavior derived from dissipative particle dynamics trajectories can, in general, serve as a useful guideline for experimental investigations of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene based materials prepared by eccentric rotor extrusion. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Elementary Laser‐Less Quantum Logic Operations with (Anti‐)Protons in Penning Traps
Authors: Nitzschke Diana , Schulte Marius , Niemann Malte , Cornejo Juan M. , Ulmer Stefan , Lehnert Ralf , Ospelkaus Christian , Hammerer Klemens 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStatic magnetic field gradients superimposed on the electromagnetic trapping potential of a Penning trap can be used to implement laser‐less spin–motion couplings that allow the realization of elementary quantum logic operations in the radio‐frequency regime. An important scenario of practical interest is the application to g‐factor measurements with single (anti‐)protons to test the fundamental charge, parity, time reversal (CPT) invariance as pursued in the Baryon Antibaryon Symmetry Experiment (BASE) collaboration. The classical and quantum behavior of a charged particle in a Penning trap with a superimposed magnetic field gradient is discussed. Using analytic and numerical calculations, it is found that it is possible to carry out a SWAP gate between the spin and the motional qubit of a single (anti‐)proton with high fidelity, provided the particle has been initialized in the motional ground state. The implications of the findings for the realization of quantum logic spectroscopy in this system are discussed.
Isotropic Scalar Quantum Sensing of Magnetic Fields for Industrial Application
Authors: Staacke Robert , John Roger , Wunderlich Ralf , Horsthemke Ludwig , Knolle Wolfgang , Laube Christian , Glösekötter Peter , Burchard Bernd , Abel Bernd , Meijer Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMagnetic field sensors based on quantum mechanic effects are often susceptible to misalignments of the magnetic field or need advanced procedures to compensate for these. Also, the record breaking sensitivities reported for superconducting quantum interference devices and alkali vapor magnetometers come along with large and complex experimental setups. The nitrogen vacancy center in diamond can be used to design a simple, small, and robust sensor without employing microwave radiation. By using compressed nanodiamond particles, it is possible to eliminate the need of an alignment of the magnetic field and still obtain the absolute magnetic flux density in a single measurement. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of this approach, a centimeter‐sized modified automotive demo board is employed as a complete sensor with a sensitivity of 78 T/.
Stability analysis and saturation control for nonlinear positive Markovian jump systems with randomly occurring actuator faults
Authors: Zhang Junfeng , Yang Haoyue , Raïssi Tarek 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the stability analysis and control design of a class of nonlinear positive Markovian jump systems with randomly occurring actuator faults and saturation. It is assumed that the actuator faults of each subsystem are varying and governed by a Markovian process. The nonlinear term is located in a sector. First, sufficient conditions for stochastic stability of the underlying systems are established using a stochastic copositive Lyapunov function. Then, a family of reliableL1‐gain controller is proposed for nonlinear positive Markovian jump systems with actuator faults and saturation in terms of a matrix decomposition technique. Under the designed controllers, the closed‐loop systems are positive and stochastically stable with anL1‐gain performance. An optimization method is presented to estimate the maximum domain of attraction. Furthermore, the obtained results are developed for general Markovian jump systems. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.