bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air versus water chilling of chicken: a pilot study of quality, shelf-life, microbial ecology, and economics
Authors: Belk Aeriel D , Duarte Toni L , Quinn Casey , Coil David A , Belk Keith E , Eisen Jonathan A , Quinn Jason C , Martin Jennifer N , Yang Xiang , Metcalf Jessica L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background. The United States’ large-scale poultry meat industry is energy and water intensive, and opportunities may exist to improve sustainability during the broiler chilling process. After harvest, the internal temperature of the chicken is rapidly cooled to inhibit bacterial growth that would otherwise compromise the safety of the product. This step is accomplished most commonly by water immersion chilling in the United States, while air chilling methods dominate other global markets. A comprehensive understanding of the differences between these chilling methods is lacking. Therefore, we assessed the meat quality, shelf-life, microbial ecology, and technoeconomic impacts of chilling methods on chicken broilers in a university meat laboratory setting. Results. We discovered that air-chilling (AC) methods resulted in superior chicken odor and shelf-life, especially prior to 14 days of dark storage. Moreover, we demonstrated that AC resulted in a more diverse microbiome that we hypothesize may delay the dominance of the spoilage organism Pseudomonas. Finally, a technoeconomic analysis highlighted potential economic advantages to AC when compared to water-chilling (WC) in facility locations where water costs are a more significant factor than energy costs. Conclusions. In this pilot study, AC chilling methods resulted in a superior product compared to WC methods and may have economic advantages in regions of the U.S. where water is expensive. As a next step, a similar experiment should be done in an industrial setting to confirm these results generated in a small-scale university lab facility.
Persistent SARS-COV-2 RNA positivity in a patient for 92 days after disease onset
Authors: Wang Junxue , Hang Xiaofeng , Wei Bo , Li Dingchen , Chen Fangyan , Liu Wei , Yang Chaojie , Miao Xiaohui , Han Li 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Recently, patients with COVID-19 who showed persistently positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results despite resolved clinical symptoms have attracted a lot of attention. We report the case of a patient with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), who achieved clinical recovery but showed persistently positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results until Day 92 after disease onset.Case presentation: The patient is a 50-year-old man with mild symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). He was quarantined for 105 days. Of these, inpatient quarantine lasted for 75 days. When the nucleic acid test results were negative for 3 consecutive days, the patient was discharged at Day 75 after disease onset. During this period, multiple samples were collected from the patient’s body surface, the surrounding environment, and physical surfaces, but none of these tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. These samples included those from anal swabs, hands, inner surface of mask, cell phone, bed rails, floor around the bed, and toilet bowl surface. However, nucleic acid retest results on Day 80 and Day 92 after disease onset were positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids. The patient continued with quarantine and observation at home. After the test results on Days 101 and 105 after disease onset were negative, quarantine was terminated at last.Conclusion: Per our knowledge, this is the longest known time that a patient has tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids. No symptoms were observed during follow-up. During hospitalization, the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positivity was not observed in samples from the body surface and surrounding environment, and no verified transmission event occurred during the quarantine at home. After undergoing clinical recovery a minority of patients with COVID-19 have shown long-term positive results for the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. This has provided new understanding and research directions for coronavirus infection. Long-term follow-up and quarantine measures have been employed for such patients. Further studies are required to analyze potential infectivity in such patients and determine whether more effective antiviral drugs or regimens to enable these patients to completely clear viral infection should be researched.
Barriers to disclosure of violence against women in health services in Palestine: qualitative interview-based study
Authors: evans maggie , Shaheen Amira , feder gene , bacchus loraine , colombini manuela , ashkar suzy , alkaiyat abdulsalam 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Violence against women (VAW) damages health and requires a global public health response and engagement of clinical services. Recent surveys show that 27% of married Palestinian women experienced some form of violence from their husbands over a 12 month’s period, but only 5% had sought formal help, and rarely from health services. Across the globe, barriers to disclosure of VAW have been recorded, including self-blame, fear of the consequences and lack of knowledge of services. This is the first qualitative study to address barriers to disclosure within health services for Palestinian women.
Methods
In-depth interviews were carried out with 20 women who had experienced violence from their husbands. They were recruited from a non-governmental organisation offering social and legal support. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and translated into English and the data were analysed thematically.
Results
Women encountered barriers at individual, health care service and societal levels. Lack of knowledge of available services, concern about the health care primary focus on physical issues, lack of privacy in health consultations, lack of trust in confidentiality, fear of being labelled ‘mentally ill’ and losing access to their children were all highlighted. Women wished for health professionals to take the initiative in enquiring about VAW. Wider issues concerned women’s social and economic dependency on their husbands which led to fears about transgressing social and cultural norms by speaking out. Women feared being blamed and ostracised by family members and others, or experiencing an escalation of violence.
Conclusions
Palestinian women’s agency to be proactive in help-seeking for VAW is clearly limited. Our findings can inform training of health professionals in Palestine to address these barriers, to increase awareness of the link between VAW and many common presentations such as depression, to ask sensitively about VAW in private, reassure women about confidentiality, and increase awareness among women of the role that health services can play in VAW.
Assessment of the risk of permanent stoma after low anterior resection in rectal cancer patients
Authors: Zeman Marcin , Czarnecki Marek , Chmielarz Andrzej , Idasiak Adam , Grajek Maciej , Czarniecka Agnieszka 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundOne of the most severe complications of low anterior resection is anastomotic leakage (AL). The creation of a loop ileostomy (LI) reduces the frequency of AL requiring surgical intervention, but up to one-third of temporary stomas may never be closed.The first aim of the study is to perform a retrospective assessment of the impact of LI on the risk of permanent stoma (PS) and symptomatic AL. The second aim of the study is to assess preoperative PS risk factors in patients with LI.MethodsA total of 286 consecutive patients who underwent low anterior resection were subjected to retrospective analysis. In 101 (35.3%) patients, diverting LI was performed due to low anastomosis, while in the remaining 185 (64.7%) patients, no ileostomy was performed. LIs were reversed after adjuvant treatment. Analyses of the effect of LI on symptomatic AL and PS were performed. Among the potential risk factors for PS, clinical factors and values ​​of selected peripheral blood parameters were analysed.ResultsPS occurred in 37.6% and 21.1% of the patients with LI and without LI, respectively (p <0.01). Symptomatic ALs were significantly more common in patients without LI. In this group, symptomatic ALs occurred in 23.8% of patients, while in the LI group, they occurred in 5% of patients (p <0.001). In the LI group, the only significant risk factor for PS in multivariate analysis was preoperative plasma fibrinogen concentration (OR = 1.008, 97.5% CI 1.003-1.014, p = 0.003).ConclusionsProtective LI significantly reduces the incidence of symptomatic AL, but a higher risk of PS is observed in this group of patients. The preoperative serum fibrinogen concentration is a risk factor for PS in LI patients and may be a helpful variable in decision models.
Effect of Bacillus Subtilis Protease on Growth, Production Performance and Feed Efficiency of Silkworm, Bombyx Mori L
Authors: Sun Linghong , Khalid Anam , Khalid Fatima , Wang Zaigui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:The effects of Bacillus subtilis protease on the silkworm (Bombyxmori L) production performance and feed efficiency were investigated. 2250 silkworms were randomly divided into two groups, the test group and the control group, each group had three replicates. A certain concentration of protease was sprayed to the mulberry leaves of the test group, while equal volume of deionized water was sprayed to the control group. Test diets were fed in three phases: 3rd instar, 4th instar and 5th instar larval stage.Results: The results demonstrated that: (i) final weight (FW), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake(ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in 4th and 5th larval instar, (ii) midgut protease activity, crude protein digestibility (CPD), crude fiber digestibility (CFD) and cocoon shell conversion rate (CSCR) (iii) the total number of bad cocoons,coarse cocoon, average pupa weight (APW), average cocoon shell weight (ACSW) and average cocoon weight (ACW) were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01) in test group as compared to control group. While, (i) the digestibility of crude lipid (EED) and (ii) the fly larvae cocoons in test group were higher significantly (P<0.05) than that of the control group. Conclusion:These results indicated that the B. subtilis protease could enhance the silkworm growth performance, feed efficiency and the cocoon quality of silkworm.
Two case reports of rare diseases occurring in rare parts: Splenic vein solitary fibrous tumor and Liver solitary fibrous tumor
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Bao Banghe , Hu Anbin , Zhu Xiaofeng , Chen Qing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare soft tissue tumor originating from mesenchyme. Two cases of SFT we report right now occurred in the splenic vein and liver respectively, this primary splenic vein SFT may be the first report case, and also the first report of liver recurrence SFT cured by orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).
Case presentation
One case was a 37-year-old female patient whose primary tumor site was located in the splenic vein, which resulted in splenomegaly and hypersplenism; its recurrence again and again after surgical resection and eventually transferred to the liver, during 10 years of follow-up, 4 operations were performed, and he is in a good condition right now. The second case was a 54-year-old male patient whose primary tumor site was located in the liver, spleen and left side of the chest wall; however, he had no uncomfortable symptoms. Surgeons performed two operations to remove these tumors, totally. 6 years later, SFT recurrence in the liver, and given that the tumor was so large that it could not be completely surgical resected, we chose orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), and no tumor recurrence during 12-month follow-up.
Conclusion
The reports of these two cases of SFT are very rare, especially the splenic vein SFT, which expand the understanding of SFT. The main treatment of SFT is still surgical resection, right now, and liver transplantation may be a new option treatment for the huge liver SFT.
A Randomized Clinical Trial on Acupuncture Versus Best Medical Therapy in Episodic Migraine Prophylaxis: The Acumigran Study
Authors: Giannini Giulia , Favoni Valentina , Merli Elena , Nicodemo Marianna , Torelli Paola , Matrà Annunzio , Giovanardi Carlo Maria , Cortelli Pietro , Pierangeli Giulia , Cevoli Sabina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundA large corpus of evidence has reported encouraging results for acupuncture as a prophylaxis therapy of migraine. However, trails investigated the efficacy of acupuncture in comparison to pharmacological treatment in episodic migraine showed conflicting results. The aim of the study was to evaluate if acupuncture is as effective as evidence based pharmacological drugs in episodic migraine prophylaxis. MethodsThis is a randomized controlled clinical study. Patient suffering from migraine without preventive treatment in the past three months were recruited. After the run-in period, episodic migraineurs were assigned randomly to two groups: the acupuncture group (A) was treated with 12 sessions of acupuncture and the pharmacological group (B) was treated with the most appropriate medication for each patient. Headache frequency was compared at baseline and at the end of treatment. Both groups were evaluated 3- and 6-months after treatment.ResultsA total of 148 patients (24 males and 124 females) were enrolled in the study. Out of these, 69 were randomized to A and 66 to B. At baseline no significantly differences were found between the two groups. The 15.5% of patients (21/135) interrupted the treatment, especially those randomized to B. After 4 months, the migraine frequency decreased from 8.58 ± 3.21 to 6.43 ± 3.45 in A and from 8.29 ± 2.72 to 6.27 ± 4.01 in B. Headache frequency decreased significantly after treatment without differences between the two groups (time-effect: p<0.001; group effect: p=0.332; interaction time-group effects: p=0.556). About 34% of patients showed a reduction of headache days by at least 50% after the treatment. The improvements observed at the end of treatment persisted in 57.3% (59/103) after 3 months and in 38.8% (40/103) after 6 months, especially in patients randomized to A.ConclusionsOur trial is the first one comparing acupuncture with the more appropriate pharmacological treatment for migraine prophylaxis. Data suggested that acupuncture could be adopted as a migraine prophylaxis and seem to be slightly superior to pharmacological treatment in compliance and rate of adverse events.
Genome-wide Transcriptome Study in Skin Biopsies Reveals an Association of E2F4 With Cadasil and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Muiño Elena , Maisterra Olga , Jiménez-Balado Joan , Cullell Natalia , Carrera Caty , Torres-Aguila Nuria P , Cárcel-Márquez Jara , Gallego-Fábrega Cristina , Lledós Miquel , González-Sánchez Jonathan , Olmos-Alpiste Ferran , Espejo Eva , March Álvaro , Pujol Ramón , Rodríguez-Campello Ana , Romeral Gemma , Krupinski Jurek , Martí-Fábregas Joan , Montaner Joan , Roquer Jaume , Fernández-Cadenas Israel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:CADASIL is a small vessel disease caused by mutations in NOTCH3 that lead to an odd number of cysteines in the receptor, causing protein misfolding and aggregation. The main symptoms are migraine, psychiatric disturbances, recurrent strokes and dementia, as executive function is characteristically impaired. The molecular pathways altered by this receptor aggregation need to be studied further.Methods:Agenome-wide transcriptome study(four casespaired with three healthysiblings)was carried out,in addition toa qRT-PCR for validation purposes(ten new cases and eight new controls).Neuropsychological tests were performedto evaluateverbal memory, attention and information processing speed (IPS), motor speed and dexterity, executive function and visuoconstructional skills. The Single-nuclei Brain RNA-seq expression browser (SNBREB) and the GTExPortalwere used to study brain expressionof the significant mRNAs found.Results: The two most significant differentially expressed mRNAs (BANP,p-value=7.23x10-4 and PDCD6IP, p-value=8.36x10-4) were selected for the validation study by qRT-PCR. Additionally, we selectedtwo more mRNAs(CAMK2G,p-value=4.52x10-3 and E2F4, p-value=4.77x10-3) due to their association with ischemic neuronal death. E2F4showed differential expression in the genome-wide transcriptome study and in the qRT-PCR (p=1.23x10-3), and it was upregulated in CADASIL cases. Furthermore, higher E2F4 expressionwas associated with worseexecutive function (p=2.04x10-2) and attention and IPS (p=8.73x10-2).In silico studies indicated that E2F4 is expressed in brain endothelial cells. Conclusions:Skin biopsies of CADASIL patients presented higher mRNA levels of E2F4and these higher levels have a significant correlation with worseexecutive function and IPS.
Analysis of key genes and pathways associated with pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Hu Shiyu , Fu Yucheng , Yan Bin , Shen Zhe , Lan Tao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is widely known as a main contributor to low back pain which has a negative socioeconomic impact worldwide. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study is to analyze the dataset GSE23130 using bioinformatics methods to identify the pivotal genes and pathways associated with IDD.
Material/Methods: The gene expression data of GSE23130 was downloaded and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted from 8 samples and 15 controls. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed. In addition, Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and visualized, followed by identification of hub genes and key module.
Results: A total of 30 downregulated and 79 upregulated genes were identified. The DEGs mainly enriched in regulation of protein catabolic process, extracellular matrix organization, collagen fibril organization, and extracellular structure organization. Meanwhile, we found that most of DEGs were primarily enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The top 10 hub genes were FN1, COL1A2, SPARC, COL3A1, CTGF, LUM, TIMP1, THBS2, COL5A2, and TGFB1.
Conclusions: In summary, key candidate genes and pathway were identified by using integrated bioinformatics analysis, which may provide insights into underlying mechanisms and offer potential target genes for the treatment of IDD.
Role of Temporal Discounting in a Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Intervention to Improve Engagement in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Cascade
Authors: Saleska Jessica Londeree , Turner Abigail Norris , Gallo Maria F. , Shoben Abigail , Kawende Bienvenu , Ravelomanana Noro Lantoniaina Rosa , Thirumurthy Harsha , Yotebieng Marcel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Temporal discounting (TD), the tendency of individuals to discount future costs and benefits relative to the present, is often associated with greater engagement in risky behaviors. Incentives such as conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have the potential to counter the effects of TD on health behaviors. We hypothesized that CCTs work by mitigating the effects of high TD, measured using a delay-discounting task.Methods: We conducted an interaction analysis using data from a randomized trial of a CCT intervention among 434 HIV-positive pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The analysis focused on two outcomes: 1) retention in HIV care, and 2) uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services.Results: The effect of TD on retention was small, and we did not observe evidence of interaction between TD and CCT on retention. However, our findings suggest that CCT may mitigate the negative effect of high TD on uptake of PMTCT services (interaction contrast (IC): 0.18, 95% CI: -0.09, 0.44).Conclusions: Our findings support the continued use of small, frequent incentives, to motivate improved uptake of PMTCT services, especially among women exhibiting high TD.CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE LITERATURE· Conditional cash transfer (CCT) interventions demonstrate varying degrees of effectiveness in improving engagement in HIV care. Understanding how these interventions work allow for better adaptation in different contexts, though few studies have explored the underlying mechanisms of CCT.· We assessed whether CCT works by mitigating the effect of temporal discounting on disengagement from care, a major posited mechanism of the intervention, among HIV infected pregnant and breastfeeding women in the Democratic Republic of Congo. · Our findings contribute to gaps in literature surrounding the role of temporal discounting, and its mitigation by CCT, on engagement in HIV care.
Hierarchy in the Avidity and Cross-reactivity of Anti-citrullinated Protein Antibodies in the Serum of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Haraguchi Akihisa , Yamada Hisakata , Sakuragi Takahide , Tsuru Tomomi , Kondo Masakazu , Nakashima Yasuharu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundFine specificity of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), in which cross-reactivity exists, varies among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but it is unclear whether the mechanism of ACPA production is same or different among individuals. Since avidity of serum antibody reflects the direction of immune response, we compared the levels of avidity and cross-reactivity between various ACPAs in a cohort of RA patient.MethodsSera from 180 RA patients positive for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) 2 antibody were screened for positivity of antibodies against CCP1, and citrullnated fibrinogen (cFib), enolase (cEno), and vimentin (cVim) peptides. Avidity of the four ACPAs, and some autoantibodies and antibodies against foreign antigens was determined by an elution assay using sodium thiocyanate solution. Cross-reactivity between different ACPAs was estimated by measuring the inhibition of binding by competitor peptides. ResultsThe prevalence of anti-CCP1, anti-cFib, anti-cEno, and anti-cVim antibodies in the anti-CCP2-positive RA cohort were 37.7%, 38.3%, 15.6%, and 23.9%, respectively. The avidity of ACPAs, except for anti-cVim antibody, was significantly lower than that of antibodies against foreign antigens, while there was a large variety in the avidity of other autoantibodies. At individual levels, the avidity of anti-cVim was significantly higher than that of other ACPAs, and there was a significant correlation in the avidity of anti-CCP and anti-cFib antibodies. Substantial extent of cross-reactivity was seen between different ACPAs, which also showed a fixed hierarchy.ConclusionThe fixed hierarchy in the avidity and cross-reactivity between different ACPAs suggests that the mechanism underlying ACPA production is common to all RA patients. Presence of a dominant antigen that induces whole ACPA response is speculated.