bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wirebond Solution of Semiconductor IC Package through Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Gomez Frederick Ray I. , Moreno Anthony R. , Pulido Jonathan C. 
Published: October 2019

This technical paper presents a study of wirebond selection highlighting the package electrical modeling and simulation done for semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) leadframe package (hereinafter referred to as Device Z) with different wirebond configurations: Gold 2N 1.3 mil, Gold 4N 1.3 mil, Copper 1.3 mil, Copper 1.2 mil, Copper 1.1 mil and Copper 1.0 mil. Package design, modeling and simulation are essentially important in the early stage of the package development, particularly at the package feasibility phase.
As Device Z is previously assembled with Gold 4N 1.3 mil wirebond configuration, this technical paper focused in determining the best alternative for Gold 4N 1.3 mil in wirebonding through package modeling and simulation. Statistical analysis reinforced the study to verify the trend and to check if there is significant statistical difference in the resistance, inductance and capacitance (hereinafter referred to as RLC) performance of the device given the different wirebond configurations. Cost analysis was crucial to determine the cost impact of using different wires.
Prioritizing the wirebond thickness and cost without sacrificing the electrical performance, Copper 1.1 mil would be the most suitable replacement for Gold 4N 1.3 mil wirebond configuration. However, since Copper 1.1 mil is not yet available in the market, Copper 1.2 mil could be used, with better electrical parameters. In addition, Copper wire offered significant cost improvement over its Gold counterpart. Computed cost per unit of Copper 1.3 mil is just 6% of the total cost of the Gold 4N 1.3 mil – that is 94% cost savings. Ultimately, Copper wire technology offers significant cost savings and could pave the way for more businesses in the plant.
Improvement of Final Settling Tanks Performance by Using Chemical Additions
Authors: Halawa Mohamed A. E. , Fouad Hanan A. , Elhefny Rehab M. , Wail A. F. 
Published: October 2019

Biological treatment in wastewater treatment plants WWTPs consists of two main tanks, aeration tank and final settling tank. Aeration process using in return activated sludge system is very costly and it is required to operate WWTPs with low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in aeration process without risking poor effluent quality. To apply this study, a plant model for the addition of chemicals must be made with the necessary calibration of this model. Laboratory experiments were started between November 2017 and June 2018. This paper will discuss the impact of DO concentration on sludge properties by using a pilot plant model WWTP and find the optimum doses of Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 concentration with using low DO concentration to achieve good sedimentation. In this study the DO set-point was changed every 3 weeks between 0.5 mg/l and 4.5 mg/l for a few months. Experiments were carried out to The optimal ratio and dosage of H2O2 /Fe+2 was 5 as 30/6 mg/l. BOD, COD, TSS and VSS removal efficiency by using H2O2 /Fe+2 were 91%, 89% 90% & 89%, respectively with DO = 1.5 mg/l at an increased rates were 21.3%, 25.4%, 20% & 12.7%, respectively. Results of paper proves that the addition of optimum H2O2 will save 2 mg/l of DO concentration and providing a high cost of using electricity and mechanical equipment compared to the non-use of H2O2.
NCS‐1 expression is higher in basal breast cancers and regulates calcium influx and cytotoxic responses to doxorubicin
Authors: Bong Alice H. L. , Robitaille Mélanie , Milevskiy Michael J. G. , Roberts‐Thomson Sarah J. , Monteith Gregory R. 
Published: October 2019

Neuronal calcium sensor‐1 (NCS‐1) is a positive modulator of IP3 receptors and was recently associated with poorer survival in breast cancers. However, the association between NCS‐1 and breast cancer molecular subtypes and the effects of NCS‐1 silencing on calcium (Ca2+) signaling in breast cancer cells remain unexplored. Herein, we report for the first time an increased expression of NCS‐1 in breast cancers of the basal molecular subtype, a subtype associated with poor prognosis. Using MDA‐MB‐231 basal breast cancer cells expressing the GCaMP6m Ca2+ indicator, we showed that NCS‐1 silencing did not result in major changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ increases as a result of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store mobilization. However, NCS‐1 silencing suppressed unstimulated basal Ca2+ influx. NCS‐1 silencing in MDA‐MB‐231 cells also promoted necrotic cell death induced by the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (1 µm). The effect of NCS‐1 silencing on cell death was phenocopied by silencing of ORAI1, a Ca2+ store‐operated Ca2+ channel that maintains Ca2+ levels in the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store and whose expression was significantly positively correlated with NCS‐1 in clinical breast cancer samples. This newly identified association between NCS‐1 and basal breast cancers, together with the identification of the role of NCS‐1 in the regulation of the effects of doxorubicin in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells, suggests that NCS‐1 and/or pathways regulated by NCS‐1 may be important in the treatment of basal breast cancers in women.
A Periodic Deformation Mechanism of a Soft Actuator for Crawling and Grasping
Authors: Li Zhengjie , Huang Rong , Liu Zishun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPeriodic locomotion in nature has provided many inspirations for soft actuators. Compared with rigid actuators, soft actuators can transform into versatile shapes to adapt to different working environments and are able to interact with the human in a safer manner because of their compliance. However, soft actuators often suffer from complex structures designs and complicated sequences of stimuli to achieve periodic locomotion. To overcome this shortcoming, a periodic deformation mechanism based on strain energy storing is proposed in this paper. Guided by this mechanism, a simple soft actuator is designed without complicated control systems. The soft actuator involves shape memory alloy and silicon rubber. Crawling and grasping of the soft actuator are achieved by electrical heating methods. The proposed mechanism can provide inspiration for the design of soft actuators, smart wearable equipment, and medical devices.
Millisecond‐Timescale, High‐Efficiency Modulation of Upconversion Luminescence by Photochemically Derived Graphene
Authors: Lamon Simone , Wu Yiming , Zhang Qiming , Liu Xiaogang , Gu Min 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe millisecond‐timescale, high‐efficiency modulation of upconversion luminescence via ultraviolet laser‐induced photochemical reduction of graphene oxide is reported. The luminescence tuning is achieved by combining a thin film of graphene oxide with lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles. The recovery of the graphene‐like structure through the photochemical reduction of graphene oxide is accompanied by a variation in the absorption coefficient of the as‐synthesized nanocomposite, which enables super‐quenching of the luminescence emission from the upconversion nanoparticles under near‐infrared laser excitation with values of up to ≈90%. Further, the instantaneous reduction in the emission intensity upon ultraviolet laser irradiation allows a 106‐fold decrease of the time for fast modulation of upconversion luminescence from up to tens of minutes down to milliseconds at microwatt‐level laser power. Optical patterning is successfully produced in the nanocomposite and individual pixels are retrieved distinctly with high spatial resolution through upconversion luminescence emission quenching by reduced graphene oxide. This method offers a superior avenue for controlling upconversion luminescence with high contrast, fast reaction speed, and low power consumption.
Formation of Polarized, Functional Artificial Cells from Compartmentalized Droplet Networks and Nanomaterials, Using One‐Step, Dual‐Material 3D‐Printed Microfluidics
Authors: Li Jin , Baxani Divesh Kamal , Jamieson William David , Xu Wen , Rocha Victoria Garcia , Barrow David Anthony , Castell Oliver Kieran 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe bottom‐up construction of synthetic cells with user‐defined chemical organization holds considerable promise in the creation of bioinspired materials. Complex emulsions, droplet networks, and nested vesicles all represent platforms for the engineering of segregated chemistries with controlled communication, analogous to biological cells. Microfluidic manufacture of such droplet‐based materials typically results in radial or axisymmetric structures. In contrast, biological cells frequently display chemical polarity or gradients, which enable the determination of directionality, and inform higher‐order interactions. Here, a dual‐material, 3D‐printing methodology to produce microfluidic architectures that enable the construction of functional, asymmetric, hierarchical, emulsion‐based artificial cellular chassis is developed. These materials incorporate droplet networks, lipid membranes, and nanoparticle components. Microfluidic 3D‐channel arrangements enable symmetry‐breaking and the spatial patterning of droplet hierarchies. This approach can produce internal gradients and hemispherically patterned, multilayered shells alongside chemical compartmentalization. Such organization enables incorporation of organic and inorganic components, including lipid bilayers, within the same entity. In this way, functional polarization, that imparts individual and collective directionality on the resulting artificial cells, is demonstrated. This approach enables exploitation of polarity and asymmetry, in conjunction with compartmentalized and networked chemistry, in single and higher‐order organized structures, thereby increasing the palette of functionality in artificial cellular materials.
Visible Light–Driven Cascade Carbon–Carbon Bond Scission for Organic Transformations and Plastics Recycling
Authors: Gazi Sarifuddin , Đokić Miloš , Chin Kek Foo , Ng Pei Rou , Soo Han Sen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSignificant efforts are devoted to developing artificial photosynthetic systems to produce fuels and chemicals in order to cope with the exacerbating energy and environmental crises in the world now. Nonetheless, the large‐scale reactions that are the focus of the artificial photosynthesis community, such as water splitting, are thus far not economically viable, owing to the existing, cheaper alternatives to the gaseous hydrogen and oxygen products. As a potential substitute for water oxidation, here, a unique, visible light–driven oxygenation of carboncarbon bonds for the selective transformation of 32 unactivated alcohols, mediated by a vanadium photocatalyst under ambient, atmospheric conditions is presented. Furthermore, since the initial alcohol products remain as substrates, an unprecedented photodriven cascade carboncarbon bond cleavage of macromolecules can be performed. Accordingly, hydroxyl‐terminated polymers such as polyethylene glycol, its block co‐polymer with polycaprolactone, and even the non‐biodegradable polyethylene can be repurposed into fuels and chemical feedstocks, such as formic acid and methyl formate. Thus, a distinctive approach is presented to integrate the benefits of photoredox catalysis into environmental remediation and artificial photosynthesis.
Manganese exposure, parkinsonian signs, and quality of life in South African mine workers
Authors: Dlamini Wendy W. , Nelson Gill , Nielsen Susan Searles , Racette Brad A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundManganese (Mn) neurotoxicity is associated with parkinsonism; the associated motor deficits can affect individuals’ quality of life (QoL). We investigated associations between Mn exposure, parkinsonian signs, and QoL in Mn mine workers.MethodsWe assessed parkinsonian signs and QoL in 187 black South African Mn mine workers, using the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor subsection 3 (UPDRS3) and the Parkinson Disease Questionnaire (PDQ‐39), respectively. We estimated cumulative Mn exposure in mg Mn/m3‐years using complete occupational histories and a job‐exposure matrix. We investigated the cross‐sectional association between cumulative Mn exposure and UPDRS3 score, and the UPDRS3 score and PDQ‐39, adjusting for age, using linear regression.ResultsParticipants’ mean age was 41.8 years (range, 21‐67 years); 97.3% were male. Estimated mean cumulative Mn exposure at the time of examination was 5.4 mg Mn/m3‐years, with a mean of 14.0 years working in a Mn mine. The mean UPDRS3 score was 10.1 and 25.7% of the workers had a UPDRS3 score greater than or equal to 15. There was a U‐shaped dose‐response relation between cumulative Mn exposure and UPDRS3 score, with a positive association up to 15 mg Mn/m3‐years of exposure and an inverse association thereafter. Greater UPDRS3 scores were associated with poorer self‐reported QoL.ConclusionIn this cohort of employed Mn mine workers, parkinsonian signs were common and were associated with both estimated cumulative Mn exposure and poorer QoL.
Selected Topics in the Syntheses of Bicyclo[1.1.1]Pentane (BCP) Analogues
Authors: Ma Xiaoshen , Nhat Pham Luu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis Minireview focuses on selected topics in the syntheses of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) analogues. A brief historical introduction was included. The content covers various synthetic routes of 1‐substituted and 1,3‐disubstituted BCPs. Selective examples of synthetically useful building blocks are summarized for each category for synthetic organic chemists’ and medicinal chemists’ reference. A compare‐and‐contrast analysis is also applied to evaluate these routes and to demonstrate the progress of strategic functional group transformations using modern organic methodologies. By systematically analyzing the synthetic strategies to access these strained molecules, we also hope that this Minireview will provide inspirations for future developments in this area.
The half‐sandwich titanocene CpTiIIICl2 as efficient system for the preparation of 2,5‐dihydrofurans via α‐allenols
Authors: Torres‐García Irene , López‐Martínez Josefa L. , Martínez‐Martínez Raquel , Oltra J. Enrique , Muñoz‐Dorado Manuel , Rodríguez‐García Ignacio , Álvarez‐Corral Miriam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe half‐sandwich titanocene reagent CpTiIIICl2, obtained by in situ reduction of commercial CpTiCl3 with manganese, is an excellent system for the Barbier‐type reaction between aldehydes and propargylic halides, leading to homopropargylic alcohols and α‐allenols. An efficient and straightforward methodology for the conversion of aldehydes into 2,5‐dihydrofurans involving a two‐step sequence (TiIII addition‐AgI cyclization) is presented. The usefulness of the method is proved by the preparation of a Natural Product: a dihydrofuranic labdane, isolated from the leaves of Mikania sp. nov.
Big impacts from small abstractions: The effects of surface water abstraction on freshwater fish assemblages
Authors: Boddy Nixie C. , Fraley Kevin M. , Warburton Helen J. , Jellyman Phillip G. , Booker Doug J. , Kelly Dave , McIntosh Angus R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Abstractions and diversions are prevalent in river networks worldwide; however, specific mechanisms and measures reflecting changes in functional characteristics of aquatic assemblages in response to flow abstraction have not been well established. In particular, the influence of small takes on fish assemblages is poorly understood.
Field surveys and stable‐isotope analyses were used to evaluate the impact of differing levels of flow abstraction on fish assemblage structure, and native–non‐native patterns of coexistence, associated with small surface water abstractions in four streams in New Zealand. Study design accounted for longitudinal processes (spatial autocorrelation) to isolate the effects of abstractions on fish assemblages.
Reaches with reduced flows downstream of abstraction points had significantly lower fish abundances per metre of stream length, probably because of decreased habitat size, altered interspecific interactions and barriers to movement. The loss of larger fish in reaches with high abstraction resulted in shallower mass–abundance slopes and shorter stable isotope‐derived food‐chain lengths, likely to have been caused by fewer trophic links in the food web. The large fish absent from these reaches were flow‐sensitive introduced salmonids, resulting in higher relative abundances of small‐bodied native fish, probably as a result of predatory and competitive release.
Quantification of metrics designed to characterize ecosystem functioning as well as abundance and species composition indicated that small water abstractions can alter both the structure and composition of stream fish assemblages and modify the outcomes of native–non‐native species interactions. Thus, a better understanding of the effects of small abstractions could be used to improve the strategic management of fish in invaded riverscapes.
Intergenerational Transmission of Diet‐Induced Obesity, Metabolic Imbalance, and Osteoarthritis in Mice
Authors: Harasymowicz Natalia S. , Choi Yun‐Rak , Wu Chia‐Lung , Iannucci Leanne , Tang Ruhang , Guilak Farshid 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveObesity and osteoarthritis (OA) are 2 major public health issues affecting millions of people worldwide. Whereas parental obesity affects the predisposition to diseases such as cancer or diabetes in children, transgenerational influences on musculoskeletal conditions such as OA are poorly understood. This study was undertaken to assess the intergenerational effects of a parental/grandparental high‐fat diet on the metabolic and skeletal phenotype, systemic inflammation, and predisposition to OA in 2 generations of offspring in mice.MethodsMetabolic phenotype and predisposition to OA were investigated in the first and second (F1 and F2) generations of offspring (n = 10–16 mice per sex per diet) bred from mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) or a low‐fat control diet. OA was induced by destabilizing the medial meniscus. OA, synovitis, and adipose tissue inflammation were determined histologically, while bone changes were measured using micro–computed tomography. Serum and synovial cytokines were measured by multiplex assay.ResultsParental high‐fat feeding showed an intergenerational effect, with inheritance of increased weight gain (up to 19% in the F1 generation and 9% in F2), metabolic imbalance, and injury‐induced OA in at least 2 generations of mice, despite the fact that the offspring were fed the low‐fat diet. Strikingly, both F1 and F2 female mice showed an increased predisposition to injury‐induced OA (48% higher predisposition in F1 and 19% in F2 female mice fed the HFD) and developed bone microarchitectural changes that were attributable to parental and grandparental high‐fat feeding.ConclusionThe results of this study reveal a detrimental effect of parental HFD and obesity on the musculoskeletal integrity of 2 generations of offspring, indicating the importance of further investigation of these effects. An improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in the transmissibility of diet‐induced changes through multiple generations may help in the development of future therapies that would target the effects of obesity on OA and related conditions.
Use of 6‐Methylisoxanthopterin, a Fluorescent Guanine Analog, to Probe Fob1‐Mediated Dynamics at the Stalling Fork Barrier DNA Sequences
Authors: Mariam Jessy , Krishnamoorthy G. , Anand Ruchi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFluorescent nucleic acid base mimics serve as excellent site‐specific and real‐time reporters of the local and global dynamics. In this work, using the fluorescent guanine mimic 6‐methylisoxanthopterin (6‐MI), we unravel the differential dynamics of replication fork barrier/terminator sequences (RFB1 and RFB3) mediated by fork blocking protein (Fob1). By strategic and site‐specific incorporation of this probe, we show that 6‐MI is able to capture the changes in global dynamics exhibited by Fob1 and aids in distinguishing between varied architectural forms like double‐stranded DNA versus Holliday junctions (HJs). This is important as these barriers are hotspots for recombination. Fluorescence lifetime and anisotropy decay studies further revealed that Fob1 strongly dampens the dynamics in double‐stranded RFB1, and the sequence inherently possesses lesser flexibility in comparison to RFB3. We show that 6‐MI can probe the differential oligomeric status of Fob1 in response to various architectures, that is, double‐stranded versus HJs. This work highlights the unique advantages of 6‐MI as a probe when incorporated in nucleic acid frameworks.
Containment control of high‐order multi‐agent systems with heterogeneous uncertainties, dynamic leaders, and time delay
Authors: Parsa Mohsen , Danesh Mohammad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper deals with containment control of multi‐agent systems where high‐order canonical controllable linear systems with heterogeneous uncertainties are considered as the agents' dynamics. The leaders are dynamic with polynomial‐type trajectories. In this paper, the control protocol is smooth and it is constructed from a flexible combination of local state feedback controller and a PI‐type protocol. Utilizing this protocol, containment without suffering from chattering phenomena and consideration of any bound on the agents' states is achieved. In addition, the flexibility of this protocol helps the designer to reduce or even discard the inter‐agent communication. Recalling the significant effects of time delay on the performance and stability of multi‐agent systems, in this paper input time delay is also considered. Following a Lyapunov‐Krasovskii stability approach, two linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are derived, and then solving the LMIs' gains of the protocol are attained such that asymptotic stability of the multi‐agent system under switching graph topology is guaranteed. Finally, the feasibility of the LMIs and the validity of the theoretical results are demonstrated through some numerical examples.
Co−Ni Binary‐Metal Oxide Coated with Porous Carbon Derived from Metal‐Organic Framework as Host of Nano‐Sulfur for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Fan Yu , Khan Muhammad Arif , Zhao Hongbin , Ye Daixin , Wang Jiulin , Yue Baohua , Fang Jianhui , Xu Jiaqiang , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLithium‐sulfur battery is considered as a promising energy storage system because of its high energy density. The specific capacity and cycling stability of sulfur cathode, however, are impeded by intrinsic poor electrical conductivity of sulfur and dissolution of polysulfides intermediates. Herein, we demonstrate a novel strategy to overcome the two obstacles by designing a bimetallic‐organic‐framework‐derived nano‐sulfur host consisted of porous graphitic carbon and bimetallic cobalt‐nickel oxides (C/NiCo2O4), in which porous carbon and NiCo2O4 not only entrapping the polysulfides effectively through physical and chemical entrapment capability, but also serving as a highly conductive matrix for sulfur. With a sulfur content of 68.9 % in the composite, the composite cathode delivered a specific capacity of 977 mAh g−1 and maintained 673 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C over 500 cycles. Besides, the binding mechanism between NiCo2O4 and polysulfides has been explored by ex situ XRD and density functional theory(DFT)simulation. This work may provide a feasible strategy to improve the performance of lithium‐sulfur battery.