bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Dynamics and Determinants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmissions Among Healthcare Workers of Adult and Pediatric Settings in Central Paris
Authors: Contejean Adrien , Leporrier Jérémie , Canouï Etienne , Alby-Laurent Fanny , Lafont Emmanuel , Beaudeau Lauren , Parize Perrine , Lecieux Fabienne , Greffet Agnès , Chéron Gérard , Gauzit Rémy , Fourgeaud Jacques , L’Honneur Anne-Sophie , Tréluyer Jean-Marc , Charlier Caroline , Casetta Anne , Frange Pierre , Leruez-Ville Marianne , Rozenberg Flore , Lortholary Olivier , Kernéis Solen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) have paid a heavy toll during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Routes of transmission remain to be fully understood.MethodsThis prospective study compared a 1500-bed adult and 600-bed pediatric setting of a tertiary-care university hospital located in central Paris. From 24 February until 10 April 2020, all symptomatic HCWs were screened for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on a nasopharyngeal swab. HCWs screened positive were questioned on their profession, symptoms, and occupational and nonoccupational exposures to SARS-CoV-2.ResultsAmong 1344 HCWs tested, 373 were positive (28%) and 336 (90%) corresponding questionnaires were completed. Three hospitalizations and no deaths were reported. Most HCWs (70%) had patient-facing occupational activities (22% in COVID-19 dedicated units). The total number of HCW cases peaked on 23 March, then decreased slowly, concomitantly with a continuous increase of compliance to preventive measures (including universal medical masking and personal protective equipment [PPE] for direct care to COVID-19 patients). Attack rates were of 3.2% and 2.3% in the adult and pediatric settings, respectively (P = .0022). In the adult setting, HCWs more frequently reported exposure to COVID-19 patients without PPE (25% vs 15%, P = .046). Report of contacts with children attending out-of-home care facilities dramatically decreased over the study period.ConclusionsUniversal masking, reinforcement of hand hygiene, and PPE with medical masks for patients’ care allowed protection of HCWs and containment of the outbreak. Residual transmissions were related to persistent exposures with undiagnosed patients or colleagues and not to contacts with children attending out-of-home care facilities.
Welfare Chauvinism in the Face of Ethnic Diversity: A Vignette Experiment across Diverse and Homogenous Neighbourhoods on the Perceived Deservingness of Native and Foreign-Born Welfare Claimants
Authors: van der Meer Tom , Reeskens Tim 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The tenuous relationship between ethnic diversity and welfare solidarity has become a central focus in sociological and political inquiry. Yet, the question whether ethnic composition of the residential environment affects welfare chauvinism (favouring an encompassing welfare state that is preserved for ingroup members) has remained fundamentally unanswered. This article integrates extensive experimental data on welfare solidarity with hypothetical, unemployed persons from domestic and foreign origin among 23,015 native participants (to isolate welfare chauvinism), and detailed registry data (on the residential neighbourhood of these participants) from the Netherlands. This combination of contextual and experimental data allows us to test rivalling theoretical arguments on the relationship between ethnic diversity and welfare chauvinism, namely conflict, contact, and constrict theory. The outcomes of this enriched vignette survey experiment show that ethnic diversity has a specific and sizeable effect on welfare chauvinism under a range of model specifications. Diverse neighbourhoods drive down natives’ support for welfare distribution with migrants but not with natives. Ethnic diversity thereby stimulates the deservingness gap between natives and migrants, i.e., welfare chauvinism. We discuss the implications of these findings for conflict, contact, and constrict theory.
Glucuronyl C5-epimerase is crucial for epithelial cell maturation during embryonic lung development
Authors: Cui Hao , Cheng Xiaowen , Batool Tahira , Zhang Xiao , Li Jin-Ping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlucuronyl C5-epimerase (Hsepi) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate that is a sulfated polysaccharide expressed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix of alveolar walls and blood vessels. Targeted interruption of the Hsepi gene, Glce, in mice resulted in neonatal lethality, which is most likely due to lung atelectasis. In this study, we examined the potential mechanisms behind the defect in lung development. Histological analysis of the lungs from embryos revealed no difference in the morphology between wild-type and mutant animals up to E16.5. This suggests that the initial events leading to formation of the lung primordium and branching morphogenesis are not disturbed. However, the distal lung of E17.5–18.5 mutants is still populated by epithelial tubules, lacking the typical saccular structural characteristic of a normal E17.5 lung. Immunostaining revealed strong signals of surfactant protein-C, but a weaker signal of T1α in the mutant lungs in comparison to WT littermates, suggesting differentiation of type I alveolar epithelial cells (AT1) is impaired. One of the parameters contributed to the failure of AT1 maturation is reduced vascularization in the developing lungs.
Intercostal nerve cryoablation versus thoracic epidural for postoperative analgesia following pectus excavatum repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Daemen Jean H T , de Loos Erik R , Vissers Yvonne L J , Bakens Maikel J A M , Maessen Jos G , Hulsewé Karel W E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Minimally invasive pectus excavatum repair via the Nuss procedure is associated with significant postoperative pain that is considered as the dominant factor affecting the duration of hospitalization. Postoperative pain after the Nuss procedures is commonly controlled by thoracic epidural analgesia. Recently, intercostal nerve cryoablation has been proposed as an alternative method with long-acting pain control and shortened hospitalization. The subsequent objective was to systematically review the outcomes of intercostal nerve cryoablation in comparison to thoracic epidural after the Nuss procedure.

METHODS
Six scientific databases were searched. Data concerning the length of hospital stay, operative time and postoperative opioid usage were extracted. If possible, data were submitted to meta-analysis using the mean of differences, random-effects model with inverse variance method and I2 test for heterogeneity.

RESULTS
Four observational and 1 randomized study were included, enrolling a total of 196 patients. Meta-analyses demonstrated a significantly shortened length of hospital stay [mean difference −2.91 days; 95% confidence interval (CI) −3.68 to −2.15; P &lt; 0.001] and increased operative time (mean difference 40.91 min; 95% CI 14.42–67.40; P &lt; 0.001) for cryoablation. Both analyses demonstrated significant heterogeneity (both I2 = 91%; P &lt; 0.001). Qualitative analysis demonstrated the amount of postoperative opioid usage to be significantly lower for cryoablation in 3 out of 4 reporting studies.

CONCLUSIONS
Intercostal nerve cryoablation during the Nuss procedure may be an attractive alternative to thoracic epidural analgesia, resulting in shortened hospitalization. However, given the low quality and heterogeneity of studies, more randomized controlled trials are needed.
Assessment of Th1/Th2 cytokines among patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection
Authors: Alhetheel Abdulkarim , Albarrag Ahmed , Shakoor Zahid , Somily Ali , Barry Mazin , Altalhi Hifa , Bakhrebah Muhammed , Nassar Majed , Alfageeh Mohamed B , Assiri Ayed , Alfaraj Sarah H , Memish Ziad A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a member of the beta-coronavirus genus of zoonotic origin that emerged in the Arabian Peninsula and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to assess the plasma levels of cytokines to evaluate the Th1/Th2 status among 46 MERS-CoV-infected patients (19 asymptomatic and 27 symptomatic) and 52 normal healthy controls using a customized luminex kit. Comparative analysis of data between MERS-CoV-infected patients and normal healthy controls revealed that although no difference was observed between asymptomatic MERS-CoV patients and controls, the mean plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-10 (44.69 ± 40.04 pg ml−1 versus 14.84 ± 6.96 pg ml−1; P &lt; 0.0001), IL-4 (22.46 ± 8.02 pg ml−1 versus 16.01 ± 9.97 pg ml−1; P &lt; 0.0001), IL-5 (10.78 ± 2.86 pg ml−1 versus 8.06 ± 1.41 pg ml−1; P &lt; 0.0001) and IL-13 (14.51 ± 3.97 pg ml−1 versus 11.53 ± 4.16 pg ml−1; P &lt; 0.003) in MERS-CoV symptomatic patients were significantly higher than the normal controls. The mean plasma levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-12 were no different among the study groups. The cytokine profile among symptomatic MERS-CoV-infected patients was skewed to a Th2 type immune response.
Emergence of ciprofloxacin heteroresistance in foodborne Salmonella enterica serovar Agona
Authors: Zhang Chuan-Zhen , Zhang Yan , Ding Xiao-Min , Lin Xiao-Ling , Lian Xin-Lei , Trampari Eleftheria , Thomson Nicholas M , Ding Huan-Zhong , Webber Mark A , Jiang Hong-Xia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Bacterial heteroresistance has been increasingly identified as an important phenomenon for many antibiotic/bacterium combinations.

Objectives
To investigate ciprofloxacin heteroresistance in Salmonella and characterize mechanisms contributing to ciprofloxacin heteroresistance.

Methods
Ciprofloxacin-heteroresistant Salmonella were identified by population analysis profiling (PAP). Target mutations and the presence of PMQR genes were detected using PCR and sequencing. Expression of acrB, acrF and qnrS was conducted by quantitative RT–PCR. Competition ability and virulence were also compared using pyrosequencing, blue/white screening, adhesion and invasion assays and a Galleria model. Two subpopulations were whole-genome sequenced using Oxford Nanopore and Illumina platforms.

Results
PAP identified one Salmonella from food that yielded a subpopulation demonstrating heteroresistance to ciprofloxacin at a low frequency (10−9 to 10−7). WGS and PFGE analyses confirmed that the two subpopulations were isogenic, with six SNPs and two small deletions distinguishing the resistant from the susceptible. Both subpopulations possessed a T57S substitution in ParC and carried qnrS. The resistant subpopulation was distinguished by overexpression of acrB and acrF, a deletion within rsxC and altered expression of soxS. The resistant population had a competitive advantage against the parental population when grown in the presence of bile salts but was attenuated in the adhesion and invasion of human intestinal cells.

Conclusions
We determined that heteroresistance resulted from a combination of mutations in fluoroquinolone target genes and overexpression of efflux pumps associated with a deletion in rsxC. This study warns that ciprofloxacin heteroresistance exists in Salmonella in the food chain and highlights the necessity for careful interpretation of antibiotic susceptibility.
Antibiotic use in patients with COVID-19: a ‘snapshot’ Infectious Diseases International Research Initiative (ID-IRI) survey
Authors: Beović Bojana , Doušak May , Ferreira-Coimbra João , Nadrah Kristina , Rubulotta Francesca , Belliato Mirko , Berger-Estilita Joana , Ayoade Folusakin , Rello Jordi , Erdem Hakan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Antibiotics may be indicated in patients with COVID-19 due to suspected or confirmed bacterial superinfection.

Objectives
To investigate antibiotic prescribing practices in patients with COVID-19.

Methods
We performed an international web-based survey and investigated the pattern of antibiotic use as reported by physicians involved in treatment of COVID-19. SPSS Statistics version 25 was used for data analysis.

Results
The survey was completed by 166 participants from 23 countries and 82 different hospitals. Local guidelines for antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients were reported by 61.8% (n = 102) of participants and for 82.9% (n = 136) they did not differ from local community-acquired pneumonia guidelines. Clinical presentation was recognized as the most important reason for the start of antibiotics (mean score = 4.07 and SD = 1.095 on grading scale from 1 to 5). When antibiotics were started, most respondents rated as the highest the need for coverage of atypical pathogens (mean score = 2.8 and SD = 0.99), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (mean score = 2.67 and SD = 1.05 on bi-modal scale, with values 1 and 2 for disagreement and values 3 and 4 for agreement). In the patients on the ward, 29.1% of respondents chose not to prescribe any antibiotic. Combination of β-lactams and macrolides or fluoroquinolones was reported by 52.4% (n = 87) of respondents. In patients in the ICU, piperacillin/tazobactam was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic. The mean reported duration of antibiotic treatment was 7.12 (SD = 2.44) days.

Conclusions
The study revealed widespread broad-spectrum antibiotic use in patients with COVID-19. Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship principles is warranted to mitigate the negative consequences of antibiotic therapy.
The impact of sofosbuvir/daclatasvir or ribavirin in patients with severe COVID-19
Authors: Eslami Gholamali , Mousaviasl Sajedeh , Radmanesh Esmat , Jelvay Saeed , Bitaraf Saeid , Simmons Bryony , Wentzel Hannah , Hill Andrew , Sadeghi Anahita , Freeman James , Salmanzadeh Shokrollah , Esmaeilian Hani , Mobarak Morteza , Tabibi Ramin , Jafari Kashi Amir Hosein , Lotfi Zahra , Talebzadeh Seyed Mehdi , Wickramatillake Aseni , Momtazan Mahboobeh , Hajizadeh Farsani Majid , Marjani Sedigheh , Mobarak Sara 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Sofosbuvir and daclatasvir are direct-acting antivirals highly effective against hepatitis C virus. There is some in silico and in vitro evidence that suggests these agents may also be effective against SARS-CoV-2. This trial evaluated the effectiveness of sofosbuvir in combination with daclatasvir in treating patients with COVID-19.

Methods
Patients with a positive nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 on RT–PCR or bilateral multi-lobar ground-glass opacity on their chest CT and signs of severe COVID-19 were included. Subjects were divided into two arms with one arm receiving ribavirin and the other receiving sofosbuvir/daclatasvir. All participants also received the recommended national standard treatment which, at that time, was lopinavir/ritonavir and single-dose hydroxychloroquine. The primary endpoint was time from starting the medication until discharge from hospital with secondary endpoints of duration of ICU stay and mortality.

Results
Sixty-two subjects met the inclusion criteria, with 35 enrolled in the sofosbuvir/daclatasvir arm and 27 in the ribavirin arm. The median duration of stay was 5 days for the sofosbuvir/daclatasvir group and 9 days for the ribavirin group. The mortality in the sofosbuvir/daclatasvir group was 2/35 (6%) and 9/27 (33%) for the ribavirin group. The relative risk of death for patients treated with sofosbuvir/daclatasvir was 0.17 (95% CI 0.04–0.73, P = 0.02) and the number needed to treat for benefit was 3.6 (95% CI 2.1–12.1, P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
Given these encouraging initial results, and the current lack of treatments proven to decrease mortality in COVID-19, further investigation in larger-scale trials seems warranted.
Demand for Interpretation of a Urine Drug Testing Panel Reflects the Changing Landscape of Clinical Needs; Opportunities for the Laboratory to Provide Added Clinical Value
Authors: Yang Yifei K , Johnson-Davis Kamisha L , Kelly Brian N , McMillin Gwendolyn A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
The direct detection of drugs and metabolites in urine using a targeted panel offers sensitive and specific detection in comparison to the traditional approach to urine drug testing (screen with reflex of samples with positive results to confirmation testing). The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in clinical demand for the laboratory to provide interpretation of patient adherence and abstinence, based on reconciling laboratory results and individual patient medication information provided by the clinician. The shifts in toxicology testing likely reflect the inherent complexity of the data and associated interpretation.

Methods
Retrospective testing results associated with a targeted urine drug panel and its related interpretation were collected from our laboratory. We examined the associated testing volume and positivity rates of each reported analyte over 5 consecutive years (2015–2019). Requests from clinicians for consultation regarding this test and use of interpretive comments for the most recent year (2019), as well as access to publicly available educational resources over two years (2018–2019) were collected.

Results
The changes in test ordering patterns demonstrate shifting of clinical demands for toxicology testing, by increased adoption of a targeted panel for which laboratory-based interpretation is provided. Positivity rates reflect national shifts in controlled substance prescriptions. Several consultative services were accessed by clinicians suggesting interest and need.

Conclusion
The value of clinical urine drug testing is improved by providing laboratory-based result interpretation and consultative services.
The risk of medically uncontrolled secondary hyperparathyroidism depends on parathyroid hormone levels at haemodialysis initiation
Authors: Tabibzadeh Nahid , Karaboyas Angelo , Robinson Bruce M , Csomor Philipp A , Spiegel David M , Evenepoel Pieter , Jacobson Stefan H , Ureña-Torres Pablo-Antonio , Fukagawa Masafumi , Al Salmi Issa , Liang Xinling , Pisoni Ronald L , Young Eric W 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Optimal parathyroid hormone (PTH) control during non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD) might decrease the subsequent risk of parathyroid hyperplasia and uncontrolled secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) on dialysis. However, the evidence for recommending PTH targets and therapeutic strategies is weak for ND-CKD. We evaluated the patient characteristics, treatment patterns and PTH control over the first year of haemodialysis (HD) by PTH prior to HD initiation.

Methods
We studied 5683 incident HD patients from 21 countries in Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study Phases 4–6 (2009–18). We stratified by PTH measured immediately prior to HD initiation and reported the monthly prescription prevalence of active vitamin D and calcimimetics over the first year of HD and risk of PTH &gt;600 pg/mL after 9–12 months on HD.

Results
The 16% of patients with PTH &gt;600 pg/mL prior to HD initiation were more likely to be prescribed active vitamin D and calcimimetics during the first year of HD. The prevalence of PTH &gt;600 pg/mL 9–12 months after start of HD was greater for patients who initiated HD with PTH &gt;600 (29%) versus 150–300 (7%) pg/mL (adjusted risk difference: 19%; 95% confidence interval : 15%, 23%). The patients with sustained PTH &gt;600 pg/mL after 9–12 months on HD were younger, more likely to be black, and had higher serum phosphorus and estimated glomerular filtration rates at HD initiation.

Conclusions
Increased PTH before HD start predicted a higher PTH level 9–12 months later, despite greater use of active vitamin D and calcimimetics. More targeted PTH control during ND-CKD may influence outcomes during HD, raising the need for PTH target guidelines in these patients.
Language, Sexuality, History
Authors: Leap William L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Discussions of language and sexuality within history typically aim to produce a chronology tracing how language use related to sexuality at some previous time became language use related to sexuality in more recent settings. But there are “far more possibilities for living than time as measurement would lead us to believe” (Dinshaw 2012: 137), and historical inquiry needs to capture those possibilities. This chapter proposes that a queer historical linguistics offers a useful framework for exploring those possibilities. Applying “scavenger methodology” to examples from an ongoing project (Leap 2020), the chapter explores relationships between language and sexuality in the years preceding the so-called Stonewall rebellion (late June 1969).
Diasporic Sexual Citizenship: Queer Language, (Im)Possible Subjects, and Transfiliation
Authors: Provencher Denis M. , Peterson David 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter reviews scholarship on queer language in the diaspora through the lens of flexible accumulation and neoliberal citizenship. The relevance of these ideas to queer linguistic data is illustrated through an analysis of ethnographic fieldwork with 2Fik (pronounced “Toufik”), a French citizen of Moroccan descent and multidisciplinary artist living in Québec, Canada. Queer diasporic speakers like 2Fik stake claims of belonging to multiple spatiotemporalities, drawing on new intersectional possibilities involving families of origin, various local communities, and still wider diasporic terrains—for example, the Maghrebi homeland(s), French society and Francophone global cities, and the broader global and often queer North Atlantic. Yet the use of flexible language(s) associated with “queer diasporic citizenship” differs from previous examples in the extant scholarship. 2Fik’s use of performance and virtual-mediated spaces questions the response to his invitations to participate in a diasporic citizenry, highlighting elements of hypersubjectivity, dis-identification, transgressive filiation (transfiliation), and dissidence.
The Accuracy of Personality Trait Judgments
Authors: Spain Jana S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
How accurately can we judge the personality traits of ourselves and others? What are the factors that influence our ability to make correct judgments? How can we use this information to improve our social interactions and relationships? In this introduction to the Oxford Handbook of Accurate Personality Judgment, the reader is introduced to the study of personality trait accuracy. Foundations of this research are reviewed and an overview of the volume is provided. Chapters explore current judgment models and review empirical work on moderators of accuracy, including characteristics of judges, targets, traits, and information. They explain the challenges encountered when judging different types of targets and examine how different kinds of information contribute to the judgment process. The applications and implications of this work for relationships, workplace interactions, and evaluations of psychological health and functioning are discussed. Ways to improve accuracy and future directions for research on trait accuracy are offered.