bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from Pagellus erythrinus microplastics and public health
Authors: Laganà P , Fazio E , Spanò N , Bonsignore M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widespread in the aquatic environmental due to anthropogenic pollution and are ingested indifferently by fishes that confuse them with food. In aquatic environment, mechanical stress, UV radiations, chemical and biological actions cause a constant degradation and breakdown of plastic objects into smaller fragments. Mediterranean Sea is characterized by the highest densities of plastics in the world being a closed basin with a complex hydrodynamics.
The aim of this work is to evidence the occurrence of microbial adhesions on MPs found in edible Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) bought in local Sicilian supermarkets and therefore highlight the potential role of microplastics in conveying antibiotic resistance by ingestion of food by humans. The composition and structural-morphological properties of MPs found in the excised gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and gills are identified using different techniques. In particular, microparticles of different nature (plastics, organic components, cellulose-based materials) have been determined following specific Raman signals on a large spectral range (300-3500 cm-1).
The Pagellus was dissected, open longitudinally, within a sterile glass Petri dish. The components deemed exogenous to the normal structure of the gills and GIT were collected. Optical microscopy images showed that both the GIT and the gill of Pagellus erythrinus contain MPs of different colors (black, dark blu) and mainly with a fibrous shape. At the moment, microbial assays show the adhesion of Citrobacter and E. coli in some fibers extracted by gills while Vibrio spp was mainly detected in the fibers present in GIT. Bacterial isolates were screened for susceptibility to antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer test, choosing the molecules most used in human therapy.
The results obtained suggest that plastics may contribute to the spread of multiple antibiotic resistance in marine environments underline the relevance of future studies on this topic.

Key messages
Plastics can serve as vectors for the spread of multiple resistances to antibiotics across marine environments. Further studies on possible vehicles of multidrug-resistant germs carried by food of various kinds are desirable.
Zoonotic disease transmission risks in displacement
Authors: Braam D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The novel coronavirus pandemic reiterates the risk of zoonoses - diseases transmittable between animals and humans - to global health. Meanwhile, climate change and conflict increasingly cause human and animal movement, affecting interspecies, intrahuman and interhuman barriers to disease. The dynamics and risks of zoonotic diseases among naive (host) populations and displaced communities are not well understood. This study aims to determine how displacement affects the vulnerability of displaced populations to zoonotic disease transmission, to improve policy development and humanitarian responses.

Methods
Following a literature review, countries for fieldwork were selected and visited based on zoonotic disease risk, livestock dependency and population displacement. Expert interviews were conducted in Jordan and Pakistan with policy makers and responders in public health, livestock and disaster management, and household interviews conducted with displaced. Data was analyzed using a conceptual framework considering biological, environmental, technological, social and political processes at national, local and individual level.

Results
Poverty and low socio-economic status are considered main determinants of people's vulnerability to disease, while disasters affect health services and staff, as well as disease pathogen, vector and host environments. Displacement exacerbates these risks, including the availability of water and sanitation, shelter and population density. The formal or informal status of refugees and internal displaced people influences their access to services, further affecting their health. Meanwhile, zoonotic disease dynamics are not sufficiently understood among stakeholders, and animals remain an afterthought in many humanitarian responses.

Conclusions
Zoonoses in displacement settings need to be addressed using a transdisciplinary, multilevel approach, addressing disease as well as underlying political, social and economic risk factors.

Key messages
Zoonotic disease transmission depends on complex ecological, political and socio-economic drivers, therefore zoonotic disease risk in displacement requires a multilevel, transdisciplinary approach. Among rural populations dependent on livestock, the presence of endemic zoonotic pathogens is likely to be constant. Displacement may increase disease risk by affecting animal and human immunity.
Health needs assessment for elderly in primary health care in Zagreb
Authors: Polic-Vizintin M , Marić Bajs M , Portolan Pajić I , Tucak J , Šostar Z 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The purpose of any health system is to guarantee access to care for the entire population served. Zagreb population is 'very old', with 17.3% older than 65. The aim is to assess health care needs for elderly in primary health care (PHC).

Methods
Data on morbidity and visits are recorded in PHC facilities Variation in the mortality rate in 1971-2014 period is analyzing, using descriptive method.

Results
The highest index of PHC utilization (88.1%) is recorded for the +65 age, with 14.3 visits per capita (vs 7.7 for general population). Acute respiratory infections ranked first in all age groups; the rate per 100 was considerably lower in the ≥65 group than in the 0-19 group (27.82/100 vs 111.20/100). Hypertensive diseases ranked second most common (23.09 per 100) in the age group ≥65, followed by intervertebral disk diseases and other dorsopathies (15.10/100), and neuroses and affective disorders (6.63/100). The prevalence of hypertensive diseases and of intervertebral disk diseases and other dorsopathies was significantly higher in the ≥65 group (χ2=27.3 and χ2=13.43, respectively; p &lt; 0.05 both). Among mortality causes circulatory diseases and neoplasms showes a constant rise during the period 1971-2014 (circulatory diseases 26.4%; neoplasms 83.9%). The highest rise is recorded in group of endocrine and metabolic disease owing diabetes mellitus(159%).

Conclusions
Many of older people although independent, have multiple chronic conditions and meet criteria for fraility. The number of PHC visits is high, twice in comparison with general population. Health needs are very related to coping with appropriate organization and management of public health services, esspecially of senior- friendly primary care concept.

Key messages
The aging of the general population influences the type of morbidity and health care needs. The concept of senior-friendly primary care has to be promoted.
Tackling Sustainable Development Goals in Italian Regional Legislation: a Health in All Policies comparative analysis
Authors: Stirparo G , Rallo F , Gori D , Blandi L , Seidenari C , Bizzarro A , Gaetti G , Rossi D , Odone A , Signorelli C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The Health in All Policies approach has been increasingly used to assess public health impact of rules and regulations. In 2015, all UN member States adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) to achieve the 2030 Global Agenda. SDGs can be conceived in a practical way, as analytic tools to classify existing legislation. In the context of the ASPHER-ASPPH sponsored “This is Public Health in Italy” campaign, the Public Health Schools of University San Raffaele, University of Bologna, University of Pavia and University of Parma decided to monitor their own local governments' level of SDG compliance. The study aims at identifying a procotol for a Health in All Policies, SDG-driven analysis in two Northern Italy Regions: Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna. These two regions 4.45 millions and 10.04 million accounting for over 24% of national population.

Methods
Between November and December 2019, two teams were established for separate analyses of the 2 Regions. All laws were retrieved from the two Regional Council's offical websites. Exclusion criteria were set by ruling all healthcare-related laws out of the analysis. An agreement was reached to label each law with the most representatives SDG tackled. As a proxy for internal validity, results were double-blinded. Each Regional Group met collectively and double-checked the other group's anlysis. To minimise detection bias, results were sent anonymously to the Scientific Committee, who supervised the analytic process and solved disagreements.

Results
A total of 57 laws were examined, 26 issued by Lombardy Region and 31 by Emilia-Romagna Region. SDG-related laws number was: 11 (42%) in Lombardy Region, whereas in Emilia-Romagna Region the proportion was much higher (n = 22, 71%). The most addressed SGD in Lombardy Region was number 15 (Life on Land), while in Emilia-Romagna number 8 (Decent Work & Economic Growth).

Conclusions
SDGs can be considered an innovative indicator to measure governement's activities and monitor the progress towards achieving the 2030 Global Agenda.

Key messages
Sustainable Development Goals are useful tools for policy analysis. The “This is Public Health in Italy” campaign allowed for a survey of public health legislative initiatives.
Recent changes in smoking habits in France
Authors: Andler R , Guignard R , Richard J B , Pasquereau A , Quatremère G , Nguyen-Thanh V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In 2018, smoking rate among French adults was 32.0%. This rate has been slowly decreasing over the past years but remains high compared to other European countries. In addition, smoking habits have changed over time and for instance roll-your-own tobacco (RYO) is both cheaper and seen as less dangerous. It is crucial to keep an eye on these changes in order for public health actors to adapt their actions in the fight against smoking.

Methods
Data come from the Santé publique France health Barometer, a national representative phone survey. In the 2005, 2010, 2014, 2017 and 2018 editions, respectively 28,224, 25,034, 15,186, 25,319 and 9,074 adults where asked about their smoking habits.

Results
In 2018, three quarters of smokers smoked cigarettes, over a third smoked RYO and about ten percent smoked hookahs. The proportion of smokers using exclusively RYO tobacco has more than doubled in recent years (from 8.1% in 2010 to 20.5% in 2018). Since 2010, RYO tobacco is taking shares over traditional cigarettes especially among the poorest smokers. In 2018, RYO tobacco users were more often young men or deprived individuals.

Conclusions
The share of cigarette smokers switching to RYO has increased over the past years. It seems to be both a result of changes in trends and a way for deprived smoker to cope with higher prices for cigarettes.

Key messages
Public health actions need to take into account the recent increase of popularity of RYO tobacco in France. taxes need to be adjusted in order to level up RYO tobacco prices compared to traditional cigarettes.
Health inequalities during school-to-work transitions among young adults: Mapping the evidence
Authors: Matos Fialho P , Dragano N , Reuter M , Metzendorf M I , Richter B , Richter M , Spallek J , Diehl K , Lampert T , Pischke C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
School-to-work transition is a sensitive period that can have a substantial impact on health over the life course. Previous studies suggest pronounced health inequalities during this period but little is known about the determinants at the individual, meso- and macro-levels. We aim to further elucidate possible health inequalities during school-to-work transitions with a focus on multilevel determinants, e.g. evidence on potential effects of contextual and compositional factors of specific institutions involved.

Methods
We are currently conducting a scoping review (funded by the German Research Foundation) to map the evidence on the above mentioned topic among young adults (aged 16-24 years), following the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and ÓMalley and PRISMA. The literature search was performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, ILO and NIOSH, using sensitive search strategy developed by text-analysis. Only articles published between January 2000 - February 2020 and written in English or German are considered. The selection process is conducted following a two-step approach:1) screening of titles and abstracts 2) screening of full-texts by two independent reviewers. Any discrepancies in the selection process are resolved by a third researcher.

Preliminary Results
Following the five stages of the methodological framework, the scoping review is currently in stage 3 (study selection-screening phase). We found 25,069 potentially relevant articles in our primary search. 15,508 articles remained after the duplicates were removed. Up to now, 8,825 papers were screened of which 7,629 were excluded and 1,176 included which qualified for full-text reading. Complete results of the scoping review will be presented at the conference.

Conclusions
This scoping review will improve our knowledge about the emergence and development of health inequalities during school-to-work transitions by examining health of individuals in different institutional contexts.

Key messages
Improving our knowledge of health inequalities during school-to-work transitions. the role of determinants at the individual, meso- and macro-levels during this stage will also be examined.
Ageing and inequality: unintentional death in the elderly in Campinas in the 21st century
Authors: Komoda D S , Geronimo C , Bravo M , Cordeiro R C , Ruiz A M P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
According to WHO falls are the second leading cause of preventable unintentional death and people older than 65 years of age are more likely to suffer from fatal falls. Low and middle-income countries are most affected with 80% of fall related deaths. This study provides an overall view of fall-related deaths in the city of Campinas, Brazil, with special attention to the elderly in the last 2 decades. This study aims to highlight the unequal distribution of deaths related to fall, concerning the elderly in Campinas (total population of around 1,000,000), which in 2010 had a very high Human Develop Index (0.805), but also a very high inequality rate (Gini index of 0.56 in 2010).
This ecological study in Campinas evaluates fall-related deaths in the elderly between years 2000 and 2018. Trend analysis were applied to the specific mortality ratios related to falls obtained from Brazil's official databases. Specific mortality trends were also analyzed regarding Human Development Index by neighborhood. The number of deaths due to fall in the elderly throughout the period totaled 1700 (1 million of population). The annual average was 85 (minimum of 31 in 2000 and maximum of 157 in 2018). Although trend analysis of mortality in the elder due to “overall external causes” and of mortality due to “fall in the elderly” didn't show clear growing tendencies (R2=0.546 and R2=0.622), the ratio between “number of deaths due to fall in the elderly” and “total deaths due to fall” shows a reliable average of 1.17% increase per year (from 3.73% in 2000 to 26.03% in 2018, R2=0.93). Trend-analysis based on community HDI mortality rates additionally shows a tendency of increase both in “number of deaths” and “mortality rate” in low-HDI elder (with R2=0.85 and R2=0.786).
Despite decreasing violence levels in Campinas, fatal deaths due to fall seem to target low-HDI elder population. Effort must be taken in all levels of the healthcare system as well as in policies to soften inequality's effect.

Key messages
Violent, unintentional causes of death in the elderly population are increasing along with population ageing. Politicians and health managers must pay attention to inequality-related health problems and take into account population ageing for a sustainable universal health system coverage.
Health Literacy in people with intellectual disabilities – is there a need for an adapted concept?
Authors: Bruland D , Vetter N , Latteck ÄD 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Health literacy (HL) is a crucial factor in terms of health and health-related outcomes. HL refers to personal and social resources as well as the abilities to access, understand, appraise and apply health information to make self-determined health decisions. Due to reduced resources including cognitive abilities it is assumed that HL in people with intellectual disabilities (PWID) is low. Up to 3% of the general population have an ID (IQ &lt; 70).

Methods
Current state of the art is presented via a mixed-method literature review published in 2019. Against that, results from 5 target group orientated groups are presented (n = 50).

Results
Literature Review (12 studies incl.): HL does not go beyond a purely functional understanding. Studies assume that the HL level of PWID is very low, but fail to mention a reference source. Overall, studies are mainly from the health professionals' perspective and exceptions directly questioned or focused people with ID. People with ID still seems to be a 'hidden' population in HL research. Group discussions: An introducing quiz about health-related topics turns into a discussion within the group of PWID. Topics were physical activity, nutrition and health advices from health professionals like GPs. Instructions of physicians were discussed; a critical view of health advices were taken. Bassed on experiences own health decisions are described. Trained caregivers like nurses are stated as an own professional HL resource. Communicative and critical HL have been demonstrated.

Conclusions
There is only little knowledge about HL in PWID. Promoting HL could be highly beneficial for managing health information with a positive impact on PWID themselves (empowerment), their (family) caregivers, and the health care system (reducing health costs). A debate to conceptualize HL for PWID is mandatory. This must be based on valid data, consider the perspectives of PWID and have to respect the resources of PWID. Future directives will be discussed.

Key messages
People with ID communicative and critical health literacy is is available but not yet explored how it can be increased. A target-adapted health literacy of people with intellectual disabilities is beneficial, it it takes the perspectives of this target group into account.
Health and culture: National and individual drivers of preference for professional medical help
Authors: Leijen I , van Herk H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Preferences for professional medical healthcare in case of non-acute medical situations influence a major amount of healthcare use, and vary strongly across countries. Personal values and country culture have been shown to be important predictors of human preferences in many areas. We therefore investigated the impact of both individual and country-level characteristics across Europe on individual healthcare preferences related to non-acute medical conditions.

Methods
Data from 17,710 individuals from 16 European countries were analysed using a multi-level approach, simultaneously including individual- and country level predictors.

Results
Healthcare preferences were explained by both human values (Conservation γ = 0.097, p &lt; .01, Self Enhancement γ = 0.038, p &lt; .05) and trust in the doctor (γ 0.054, p &lt; .01). Socio-demographics played a minor role. Societal tightness-looseness (TL) strongly predicted healthcare use preferences on the country level (γ 0.109, p &lt; .05). Also TL enhanced the relation between conservation and preference (γ 0.024, p &lt;.05), and decreased the relation between self-enhancement and preference (γ -0.021, p &lt;.01).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that healthcare behavior is related to people's motivations and the extent to which the society they live in is more tight or loose. Stronger conservation values increase preference for professional medical care, while self-transcendence- and openness-to-change values decrease preference. Societal tightness is positively related to preference on the country level. Furthermore, in tight societies the effect of conservation is enhanced and the effect of self enhancement is suppressed, related to an additional higher preference for professional medical help. Our results may help key actors within the health system to predict and channel healthcare choice behavior across and within nations.

Key messages
Culture plays an important role in developing a preference for medical help, on both individual as well as country level. Personal values the as well as cultural tightness looseness are fruitful tools for the analysis of national and international health care research.
An example of involving lay people to enhance complex public health intervention evaluations
Authors: Southby K , Rushworth S , South J , Coan S , Woodward J , Bagnall A M , Button D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite growing interest in understanding complex systems and public health interventions, research methodologies that take account of system-wide action are relatively underdeveloped. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is steered and conducted by people with lived experience of the issues being researched. This paper explores the value of CBPR in complex public health intervention evaluations. The 'Local People' and 'Local Conversations' programmes use a community empowerment approach in 50 communities across the UK experiencing social disadvantage to increase social connections and collective control, improve health and wellbeing, and reduce inequalities (linked to SDG 3 and 11).

Methods
Evaluation of the programmes followed a mixed-methods design, including qualitative case studies, longitudinal survey, process appraisal, and CBPR. Residents from 10 communities across the programmes each undertook 2 rounds of CBPR. These projects resulted in written reports, which were analysed thematically alongside other data sources.

Results
There was some variation in the scope and design of the 20 completed CBPR projects. Whilst projects did not generally extend beyond the scope of the overall evaluation, peer research provided information from residents that were inaccessible to other data collection streams. Gathering community (lay) knowledge improved understanding of local priorities and actions within the programmes. However, the utility of CBPR was less consistent for community-researchers and local communities, often failing to support project development. Some community-researchers felt unprepared for the activity despite support from the academic team.

Conclusions
Conducted appropriately, CBPR can elicit data that would be less accessible through externally led research. This study highlights the value of CBPR in complex programme evaluations, enabling a deeper understanding of social context in which interventions occur.

Key messages
CBPR complements more traditional research methodologies in complex public health evaluation designs. CBPR can enable a deeper understanding of social processes necessary for the success of complex public health interventions that might be beyond the scope of other methodologies.