bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution et dynamique de la flore ligneuse à la périphérie du Parc national de Waza (Cameroun)
Authors: Jiagho Evaliste Remi , Zapfack Louis , Choumele Kana Jumo Arnaud Ulrich 
Published: February 2020

L’objectif de la présente étude est de caractériser la distribution de la flore ligneuse et la dynamique spatio-temporelle de la couverture ligneuse à la périphérie du Parc National de Waza. L’étude a été organisée autour de deux principales méthodes complémentaires : (i) les inventaires botaniques qui ont permis de déceler l’organisation et la structure du peuplement ligneux ; (ii) le traitement et l’analyse des images satellites (Landsat) avec pour but de caractériser l’occupation du sol et son évolution entre 1987 et 2016. L’étude révèle que les espèces ligneuses menacées de disparition dans cette zone sont plus présentes à l’extérieur du parc et plus particulièrement dans les terroirs villageois et les jardins de case, où les populations protègent les rares individus restant, compte tenu de leur importance. En revanche, la distribution spatiale de la flore ligneuse est fonction du gradient de pression anthropique. Cependant, certains facteurs comme l’insuffisance des contrôles et la forte capacité de charge en bétail à la périphérie peuvent occasionner des incursions illégales dans le parc et la conséquence peut être l’inversion de ce gradient. L’étude montre également que le parc national de Waza et sa périphérie perdent en moyenne 478 ha de couvert ligneux chaque année depuis 1987, et que la superficie des sols nus augmente en moyenne de 319 ha par an. Enfin, elle propose une redéfinition du zonage non seulement pour le rendre conforme aux exigences des réserves de biosphère, mais également pour rendre plus efficace la stratégie d’aménagement du parc.
Epidemiology of multiple myeloma in Poland in the years 2008–2017
Authors: Waszczuk-Gajda Anna , Szafraniec-Buryło Sylwia , Kraj Leszek , Skwierawska Kamila , Aleksandrowicz Kinga , Basak Grzegorz , Brzozowska Melania , Wierzba Waldemar , Jędrzejczak Wiesław Wiktor , Śliwczyński Andrzej 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionMultiple myeloma is the third most common blood cancer in Europe and accounts for approx. 10–15% of these cancers. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, prevalence, mortality and survival in multiple myeloma (ICD code: C90.0) patients in Poland in the years 2008–2017.Material and methodsThe analysis used the data on healthcare services provided to patients with multiple myeloma defined with the ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) code C90.0 and reported by healthcare entities to the National Health Fund (NFZ).ResultsIn 2009, the C90.0 incidence per 100,000 inhabitants was 6.4, while in 2017 it was 8.3. The prevalence in the same period increased by 76%, from 13.6/100,000 to 23.9/100,000. The mortality to prevalence ratio gradually decreased from 78% in 2008 to 22.8% in 2017. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates in patients with this diagnosis made in the years 2009 and 2013 were 70.5%, 51.5% and 40.2% versus 78.4%, 60.3% and 48.3%, respectively.ConclusionsThe incidence and prevalence of multiple myeloma and survival rates in Poland were continuously increasing in the studied period. These trends may result from the aging of Polish society, better recognisability of multiple myeloma and/or improved access to increasingly more effective therapies in Poland. The impact of these factors on the epidemiology of multiple myeloma requires further studies.
CNTN-1 promotes docetaxel resistance and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Binshen , Zhang Yiming , Li Chaoming , Xu Peng , Gao Yubo , Xu Yawen 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionTherapy options for prostate cancer (PCa) typically are centered on docetaxel-based chemotherapy but are limited by the effects of multi-drug resistance. Recent advances have illustrated a role of contactin-1 (CNTN-1) in tumor chemoresistance, while the function and mechanism of CNTN-1 in the resistance of docetaxel in prostate cancer have not yet been elucidated.Material and methodsDocetaxel (Dox)-resistant PCa cell lines of PC3 (PC3-DR) and DU145 (DU145-DR) were established, and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs targeting CNTN-1 were generated to analyze the effect of knockdown of CNTN-1 on PCa progression. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, wound-healing, transwell and western blotting analysis were used to analyze cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and related protein expression levels, respectively.ResultsKnockdown of CNTN-1 in PC3-DR and DU145-DR cells attenuated cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT phenotype, and drug resistance, and increased cell apoptosis further reduced the tumorigenic phenotype. Knockdown of CNTN-1 resulted in an anti-tumor effect in the xenograft tumor model, and decreased activity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that downregulation of CNTN-1 may be an important mechanism to reverse chemoresistance in Dox-resistant PCa progression, thus shedding light on the development of novel anti-tumor therapeutics for the treatment of PCa.
Outcomes of transition from premixed and intensive insulin therapies to insulin aspart/degludec co-formulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a real-world experience
Authors: Özçelik Serhat , Çelik Mehmet , Vural Aşkı , Aydın Bünyamin , Özçelik Melike , Gozu Hulya 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of transition from premixed and intensive insulin to twice-daily insulin degludec/aspart (IDegAsp) co-formulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Material and methodsIn this 12-week study, patients receiving twice-daily premixed insulin therapy in group 1 (n = 55) were switched to twice-daily IDegAsp. In group 2 (n = 60), patients on intensive insulin therapy were switched to IDegAsp injected twice a day. Inter- and intragroup comparisons were made.ResultsA total of 115 patients were included in the study. There was a significant improvement in glycaemic control, median daily total insulin dose, body mass, body mass index, and hypoglycaemic events in group 1 and group 2 with the switch to IDegAsp (p < 0.05). The decrease in median daily total insulin dose requirement in group 2 was higher than that of group 1 (p = 0.001). There was no difference between groups in terms of other parameters (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe current analysis indicates that IDegAsp treatment improves outcomes, with the most notable differences observed in daily total insulin requirement, body mass, and hypoglycaemia.
Hedendaags dansonderwijs. Hiaten en ambities / Contemporary Dance Education. Gaps and Goals
Authors: Gordon Natalie , D’Haese Caroline 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Dansonderwijs staat vandaag de dag voor vele uitdagingen. Zowel onze samenleving als het veld van de hedendaagse dans zijn de voorbije jaren zodanig veranderd dat dansdocenten zich genoodzaakt zien om traditionele onderwijsmethoden kritisch onder de loep te nemen. Op basis van hun tweejarig onderzoeksproject ‘The Role of Vocabulary in Contemporary Dance’ identificeren Natalie Gordon en Caroline D’Haese in dit artikel enkele van de meest prangende hiaten en ambities in de huidige danseducatie. Vanuit hun praktijkgerichte expertise formuleren ze een constructief voorstel voor het hedendaagse dansonderwijs.
Eenmaal rond de schouwburg. Wandelen als choreografische praktijk / Once around the Theatre. Walking as Choreographic Practice
Authors: Nachbar Martin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Wandelen, stappen zetten, lopen – het zijn dagelijkse handelingen die iedereen vaak onbewust doet. Maar het zijn ook bewegingsvormen die het onderwerp van choreografisch onderzoek kunnen uitmaken. In dit artikel werpt choreograaf en artistiek onderzoeker Martin Nachbar licht op hoe hij een participatieve wandelpraktijk heeft ontwikkeld die kritisch nadenkt over beweging in de publieke ruimte. Via dit fysieke experiment laat hij eveneens zien hoe choreografie niet louter draait rond het lichaam in beweging, maar ook een vorm van luisteren wordt.
De natuur aan zet. Ontstaansgeschiedenis van Maria Lucia Cruz Correia’s performance Voice of Nature: The Trial
Authors: Roels Lieze 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
De artistieke praktijk van de Belgisch-Portugese kunstenares Maria Lucia Cruz Correia wordt gekenmerkt door een grondige aandacht voor de ecologische uitdagingen en wandaden die het hedendaagse antropoceen typeren. Correia gaat steevast op zoek naar de meest doeltreffende strategieën om haar toeschouwers in de milieuproblematiek te betrekken en hen aan te sporen tot actie. Gebaseerd op een interview met de kunstenares, wil dit artikel inzicht bieden in de strategieën die ze aanwendt en de ontstaansgeschiedenis van haar meest recente project Voice of Nature: The Trial.
An Equal Music. Experimenteren met pommers en sackbuts. Een interview met Luk Nielandt
Authors: Schreurs Eugeen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In het onderzoeksproject An Equal Music bestudeerdet hoboïst en docent Luk Nielandt de verbinding tussen oude instrumenten (pommers of schalmeien als voorlopers van de hobofamilie) en nieuwe instrumenten (de moderne hobo). De focus laigt op de professionele rietblazers die de oude instrumenten naar hun hand zetten. Tijdens het onderzoek leerde onder andere Fritz Heller, een gerenommeerd pommerbouwer, aan muzikanten om zelf een pommer te bouwen. Jan De Maeyer en Boudewijn Buckinx componeerden nieuwe muziek voor de oudere instrumenten, waarmeeen intens betrokken musici gaven concerten gavenmet de instrumenten. Het onderzoeksproject liep af in 2017, maar nog steeds exploreert Nielandt tal van nieuwe, onbekende wegen. Eugeen Schreurs, promotor van het onderzoeksproject, gaat in gesprek met Nielandt en trombonist Jan Smets.
Unexpected long-range transport of glyoxal and formaldehyde observed from the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite during the 2018 Canadian wildfires
Authors: Alvarado Leonardo M. A. , Richter Andreas , Vrekoussis Mihalis , Hilboll Andreas , Kalisz Hedegaard Anna B. , Schneising Oliver , Burrows John P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Glyoxal (CHOCHO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) are
intermediate products in the tropospheric oxidation of the majority of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). CHOCHO is also a precursor of secondary
organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere. CHOCHO and HCHO are released from
biogenic, anthropogenic, and pyrogenic sources. CHOCHO and HCHO
tropospheric lifetimes are typically considered to be short during the
daytime at mid-latitudes (e.g. several hours), as they are rapidly removed
from the atmosphere by their photolysis, oxidation by OH, and uptake on
particles or deposition. At night and at high latitudes, tropospheric
lifetimes increase to many hours or even days. Previous studies demonstrated
that CHOCHO and HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) are well retrieved
from space-borne observations using differential optical absorption
spectroscopy (DOAS). In this study, we present CHOCHO and HCHO VCDs
retrieved from measurements by TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument), launched on the
Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) platform in October 2017. We observe strongly
elevated amounts of CHOCHO and HCHO during the 2018 fire season in British
Columbia, Canada, where a large number of fires occurred in August. CHOCHO
and HCHO plumes from individual fire hot spots are observed in air masses
travelling over distances of up to 1500 km, i.e. much longer than expected
for the relatively short tropospheric lifetime expected for CHOCHO and
HCHO. Comparison with simulations by the particle dispersion model FLEXPART
(FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model)
indicates that effective lifetimes of 20 h and more are needed to
explain the observations of CHOCHO and HCHO if they decay in an effective
first-order process. FLEXPART used in the study calculates accurately the
transport. In addition an exponential decay, in our case assumed to be
photochemical, of a species along the trajectory is added. We have used this
simple approach to test our assumption that CHOCHO and HCHO are created
in the fires and then decay at a constant rate in the plume as it is
transported. This is clearly not the case and we infer that CHOCHO and HCHO
are either efficiently recycled during transport or continuously formed
from the oxidation of longer-lived precursors present in the plume, or
possibly a mixture of both. We consider the best explanation of the observed
CHOCHO and HCHO VCD in the plumes of the fire is that they are produced by
oxidation of longer-lived precursors, which were also released by the fire and present
in the plume.
Beyond binary baseflow separation: a delayed-flow index for multiple streamflow contributions
Authors: Stoelzle Michael , Schuetz Tobias , Weiler Markus , Stahl Kerstin , Tallaksen Lena M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Understanding components of the total streamflow is important to assess the ecological functioning of rivers. Binary or two-component separation of streamflow into a quick and a slow (often referred to as baseflow) component are often based on arbitrary choices of separation parameters and also merge different delayed components into one baseflow component and one baseflow index (BFI). As streamflow generation during dry weather often results from drainage of multiple sources, we propose to extend the BFI by a delayed-flow index (DFI) considering the dynamics of multiple delayed contributions to streamflow. The DFI is based on characteristic delay curves (CDCs) where the identification of breakpoint (BP) estimates helps to avoid rather subjective separation parameters and allows for distinguishing four types of delayed streamflow contributions. The methodology is demonstrated using streamflow records from a set of 60 mesoscale catchments in Germany and Switzerland covering a pronounced elevation gradient of roughly 3000 m. We found that the quickflow signal often diminishes earlier than assumed by two-component BFI analyses and distinguished a variety of additional flow contributions with delays shorter than 60 d. For streamflow contributions with delays longer than 60 d, we show that the method can be used to assess catchments' water sustainability during dry spells. Colwell's predictability (PT), a measure of streamflow periodicity and sustainability, was applied to attribute the identified delay patterns to dynamic catchment storage. The smallest dynamic storages were consistently found for catchments between approx. 800 and 1800 m a.s.l. Above an elevation of 1800 m the DFI suggests that seasonal snowpack provides the primary contribution, whereas below 800 m groundwater resources are most likely the major streamflow contributions. Our analysis also indicates that dynamic storage in high alpine catchments might be large and is overall not smaller than in lowland catchments. We conclude that the DFI can be used to assess the range of sources forming catchments' storages and to judge the long-term sustainability of streamflow.
On Generalized (Sigma,Tau)-Derivations in 3-Prime Near-Rings
Authors: Koç Emine 
Published: February 2020

Let N be a 3-prime left near-ring with multiplicative center Z, f be a generalized (σ,τ)- derivation on N with associated (σ,τ)-derivation d and I be a semigroup ideal of N. We proved that N must be a commutative ring if f(I)⊂Z or f act as a homomorphism or f act as an anti-homomorphism.
Evaluation of Phytochemical and Mineral Constituents of Piper guineense Schum. & Thonn. and Piper Umbellatum Linn: Implications for Ethnomedicine
Authors: Isikhuemen E. M. , Ogbomwan B. O. , Efenudu I. U. 
Published: February 2020

Aims: A significant number of tropical rainforest shrubs and lianes are inextricably linked to human use as food, spices and/or medicine. This study evaluates phytochemical and mineral constituents and ethnomedicinal uses of Piper guineense Schum. & Thonn and Piper umbellatum Linn.
Methods: Two phased investigations – ethnomedicinal uses and phytochemical/mineral constituents of P. guineense and P. umbellatum – were carried out in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Firstly, key informants’ interview and questionnaire were used to elicit reactions from respondents (vendors and end users) on ethnomedicinal and sundry uses of P. guineense and P. umbellatum in nine purposively selected markets out of 27. Secondly, samples of leaves and stems of P. guineense and P. umbellatum were collected and analysed in the laboratory for selected phytochemicals (alkaloid, cyanogenic glycosides, tannin, flavonoid, tannins, anthraquinones, saponin and phenol), and minerals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, Fe, Zn).
Results: Market survey revealed that vendor/end users (85%) were well-informed on the uses of the plants for food (spices, condiments) and ethnomedicine. Most respondents (80%) affirmed that the leaves were frequently used for flavouring; and for preparing traditional medicinal soups when combined with assorted vegetables. Respondents (80%) averred that the leaf was the most frequently used followed by stems (10.9%), roots (5.5%) and seeds (3.6%). P. guineense was considered best for stomach disorder/ulcer, respiratory/urinary tract infections; P. umbellatum most preferred for arthritis, fever and fertility/womb cleansing. Phytochemical analysis revealed P. umbellatum stem had more alkaloids, flavonoids and phenol; and anthraquinone in the leaf while P. guineense stem had more saponins and tannins. However, mineral analyses revealed more Ca and Mg in P. guineense leaf; and K, Na, Zn and P in P. umbellatum stem while Fe was higher in the leaf.
Conclusion: P. guineense and P. umbellatum are aromatic liane and shrub used for flavouring and spicing of food, and medicine. These fairly ubiquitous and underutilized plants can contribute significantly to food and health needs of forest dependent people in Nigeria and elsewhere in West Africa. The study has revealed that these aromatic plants are rich sources of phytomedicines and important minerals. Further investigation on the phytochemical/pharmacological potentials and ecological idiosyncrasies of these underutilized aromatic rainforest liane and shrub is recommended.
Interpretation of Depositional Environment of Rho Field Using Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis, Shallow Offshore Depobelt, Niger Delta
Authors: Austin Okoli Emeka , Edward Acra Jones , Ngozi Ehirim Chukwuemeka 
Published: February 2020

Candidate Maximum Flooding Surfaces (MFS) identified on Rho-1, Rho-2 and Rho-3 were the basis of correlation across the wells for sequence Stratigraphic analysis in the field. Three (3) candidate MFS which include MFS-1, MFS-2 and MFS-3 were identified using the method adopted by Okoli [1]. Erosional surfaces were also delineated in wells from the observed stacking pattern between a sequence from Galloway model (1989) leading to the correlation of SB-1 and SB-2 across the wells. Using the Galloway model, four (4) depositional sequences were inferred SEQ (1-4). In the first sequence (SEQ 1), deposition occurred in a transgressive episode. Depositional environment was interpreted from electrofacies and revealing stacked sequences of reservoirs predominantly composed of fluvial channels which incised the Upper and Lower Shorefaces on a delta front system. In SEQ 2, looking at the aggradational pattern of the sequence, the formed channels were under the influence of both tidal and fluvial systems. In SEQ 3 and 4, based on electro-facies, the stacked reservoir sands were deposited predominantly in a shoreface/delta front environment and channel incisions in a wave subjugated high energy deltaic setting.
The entire well section showed deposition in a regressive phase. Proposed conceptual models were generated using Petrel software and could be used as an input reconstruction of subsurface geological models. Indicating correct orientation of geo-bodies and facies belts (pinch outs of sands and shales), depositional dips and gross permeability architecture.
Highly variable rates of survival to metamorphosis in wild boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas)
Authors: Crockett John G. , Bailey Larissa L. , Muths Erin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLife history theory suggests that long‐lived, pond‐breeding amphibians should have low and highly variable early life‐stage survival rates, but this theoretical expectation is often untested and the causes of variation are usually unknown. We evaluated the impact of hydroperiod, presence of a pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis[Bd]), presence of a potential predator (cutthroat troutOncorhychus clarki stomias), and whether animals had been reintroduced into a site on survival of early life stages of boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas). We used a multistate mark‐recapture framework to estimate survival of boreal toad embryos from egg to metamorphosis at four sites over 5 years. We found substantial spatial and temporal variation in survival to metamorphosis and documented some evidence that monthly tadpole survival was lower in sites with Bd, without trout, and at permanent sites. Our results support theories of amphibian life history, aid in the management of this species of conservation concern, and contribute to our knowledge of the ecology of the species. Additionally, we present methodology that allows practitioners to account for different lengths of time between sampling periods when estimating survival probabilities which is especially applicable to organisms with distinct biological stages.
Mechanistic Insight into Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Remote meta‐C−H Arylation and Alkylation by Using Density Functional Theory (DFT) Calculations
Authors: Jia Feiyun , Luo Jiewei , Zhang Bo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSteric hindrance is usually the only determining factor in controlling the enantioselectivity of a reaction. Here, we disclose a different way in which steric hindrance and electronic properties cooperate to control the transformation enantioselectivity. In this study, palladium‐catalyzed enantioselective remote meta‐C−H arylation and alkylation via a chiral transient mediator was investigated to elucidate the mechanistic details and essence of the excellent enantioselectivity by using density functional theory methods. The calculations indicate that the deprotonation process is the rate‐determining step of the reaction, whereas norbornene insertion is most likely the enantioselectivity‐determining step. Although transition state structure analysis indicates that steric hindrance indeed contributes to this enantioselectivity, its individual action is insufficient to account for the excellent S‐configuration selectivity. The electronic nature of substituents on the C=C double bond of norbornene as a chiral transient mediator plays a crucial role in this enantioselective conversion. A weak electron‐withdrawing group is favorable for enantioselectivity, whereas strong electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating groups are exactly the opposite. Computations reveal that a weak electron‐withdrawing group slightly lowers the charge density of the chiral norbornene C=C double bond, resulting in a decrease in reactivity. Especially, for the R‐configuration, the insertion reaction energy barrier increases to approximately 29.3 kcal/mol. Such a high barrier is commensurate with that of the S‐configuration rate‐determining step (28.2 kcal/mol), thereby preventing the formation of R‐configuration products and ultimately determining the enantioselectivity of the protocol.magnified image