bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The arboreal ants of a Neotropical rain forest show high species density and comprise one third of the ant fauna
Authors: Longino John T. , Colwell Robert K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn tropical rain forests, the ant community can be divided into ground and arboreal faunas. Here, we report a thorough sampling of the arboreal ant fauna of La Selva Biological Station, a Neotropical rain forest site. Forty‐five canopy fogging samples were centered around large trees. Individual samples harbored an average of 35 ant species, with up to 55 species in a single sample. The fogging samples yielded 163 observed species total, out of a statistically estimated 199 species. We found no relationship between within‐sample ant richness and focal tree species, nor were the ant faunas of nearby trees more similar to each other than the faunas of widely spaced trees. Species density was high, and beta diversity was low: A single column of vegetation typically harbors at least a fifth of the entire arboreal ant fauna. Considering the entire fauna, based on 23,326 species occurrence records using a wide variety of collecting methods, 182 of 539 observed species (196 of 605, estimated statistically) were entirely arboreal. The arboreal ant fauna is thus about a third of the total La Selva ant fauna, a robust result because inventory completeness was similar for ground and arboreal ants. The taxonomic history of discovery of the species that make up the La Selva fauna reveals no disproportionately large pool of undiscovered ant species in the canopy. The "last biotic frontier" for tropical ants has been the rotten wood, leaf litter, and soil of the forest floor.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Effort and wages: Evidence from the payroll tax
Authors: Lang Kevin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractI show that under a canonical efficiency‐wage model, a per capita employment tax levied on the employer raises the wage. In contrast, under market clearing, wages fall regardless of whether effort is contractible. I examine the effect of increases in the earnings base for the payroll tax in the United States on wages of high‐wage workers for whom the change represents an increase in a per capita tax. In most specifications, the results suggest that wages rose, consistent with the efficiency‐wage model, but they are generally too imprecise to rule out large effects of wages on non‐contractible productivity that are insufficient to prevent market clearing. Provided labour demand is inelastic, the results are inconsistent with a model of contractible effort.
Using visual analytics to develop human and machine‐centric models: A review of approaches and proposed information technology
Authors: Krak Iurii , Barmak Olexander , Manziuk Eduard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe use of a visual analytical system in machine learning is the basis for the integration of human and the use of his intellectual capabilities in the construction of models. At the same time, visual analytics is used to expand human knowledge and is used as a research tool. We investigate the forms and goals of using visual analytics workflow toward the formation of the final product. Workflow is divided into human‐oriented and machine‐oriented in order to build a model as an information processor and decision‐making mechanism. Models are built on the basis of the end user, which can be either a machine or a human. The concepts of model building and the role of machines and humans in these processes are investigated. A practical implementation of the classification information technology in the studied concept “using opposite model” in the machine‐oriented visual analytics workflow for using the machine model is proposed. The basis for this model is a model formed and used by human. To classify data, human intellectual abilities are used. The boundaries of classes are determined by a human and then projected into a hyperspace of attributes with the formation of a classification model that the machine uses. Information technology allows the machine to use a model built for humans.
Options for the treatment of intrahepatic recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: Salvage liver transplantation or rehepatectomy?
Authors: Fang Jiong‐Ze , Xiang Li , Hu Yang‐Ke , Yang Yong , Zhu Hong‐Da , Lu Cai‐De 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore prognostic factors by comparing the efficacy of salvage liver transplantation (sLT) and rehepatectomy (RH) for the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy.MethodsClinical data were collected for 124 patients treated at our center from January 2012 to August 2018. The median follow‐up time for the patients was 39 months. By analyzing the clinical data between the sLT group (46 cases) and RH group (78 cases), the factors affecting the prognosis of patients were compared.ResultsThe proportion of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) ≥ 100 µg/L in the recurrence group was significantly higher than that in the recurrence‐free group (70.0% vs 22.2%, P = .014). The postoperative overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were better in the sLT group than in the RH group (81.2% vs 36.9%, P < .01; 77.1% vs 55.6%, P = .019). In the sLT group, the OS and RFS in the AFP < 100 µg/L group were superior to those in the AFP ≥ 100 µg/L group (P = .046 and P = .002).ConclusionThe sLT group had achieved better efficacy than RH group, but when AFP ≥ 100 µg/L, sLT did not achieve better efficacy than RH.
The role of deceased donor liver biopsy: An analysis of 5449 liver transplant recipients
Authors: Patel Madhukar S. , Mohebali Jahan , Coe Taylor M. , Sally Mitchell , Groat Tahnee , Niemann Claus U. , Malinoski Darren J. , Vagefi Parsia A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundNo standard exists for the use of deceased donor liver biopsy during procurement. We sought to evaluate liver biopsy and the impact of findings on outcomes and graft utilization.MethodsA prospective observational study of donors after neurologic determination of death was conducted from 02/2012‐08/2017 (16 OPOs). Donor data were collected through the UNOS Donor Management Goals Registry Web Portal and linked to the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) for recipient outcomes. Recipients of biopsied donor livers (BxDL) were studied and a Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to identify independent predictors of 1‐year graft survival.ResultsData from 5449 liver transplant recipients were analyzed, of which 1791(33%) received a BxDL. There was no difference in graft or patient survival between the non‐BxDL and BxDL recipient groups. On adjusted analysis of BxDL recipients, macrosteatosis (21%‐30%[n = 148] and >30%[n = 92]) was not found to predict 1‐year graft survival, whereas increasing donor age (HR1.02), donor Hispanic ethnicity (HR1.62), donor INR (HR1.18), and recipient life support (HR2.29) were.ConclusionsExcellent graft and patient survival can be achieved in recipients of BxDL grafts. Notably, as demonstrated by the lack of effect of macrosteatosis on survival, donor to recipient matching may contribute to these outcomes.
Hypoperfusion intensity ratio correlates with angiographic collaterals in acute ischaemic stroke with M1 occlusion
Authors: Guenego A. , Fahed R. , Albers G. W. , Kuraitis G. , Sussman E. S. , Martin B. W. , Marcellus D. G. , Olivot J.‐M. , Marks M. P. , Lansberg M. G. , Wintermark M. , Heit J. J. 
Published: February 2020

Background and purposeAmong patients with an acute ischaemic stroke secondary to large‐vessel occlusion, the hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR) [time to maximum (TMax) > 10 volume/TMax > 6 volume] is a strong predictor of infarct growth. We studied the correlation between HIR and collaterals assessed with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) before thrombectomy.MethodsBetween January 2014 and March 2018, consecutive patients with an acute ischaemic stroke and an M1 middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion who underwent perfusion imaging and endovascular treatment at our center were screened. Ischaemic core (mL), HIR and perfusion mismatch (TMax > 6 s minus core volume) were assessed through magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography perfusion. Collaterals were assessed on pre‐intervention DSA using the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR) scale. Baseline clinical and perfusion characteristics were compared between patients with good (ASITN/SIR score 3–4) and those with poor (ASITN/SIR score 0–2) DSA collaterals. Correlation between HIR and ASITN/SIR scores was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the optimal HIR threshold for the prediction of good DSA collaterals.ResultsA total of 98 patients were included; 49% (48/98) had good DSA collaterals and these patients had significantly smaller hypoperfusion volumes (TMax > 6 s, 89 vs. 125 mL; P = 0.007) and perfusion mismatch volumes (72 vs. 89 mL; P = 0.016). HIR was significantly correlated with DSA collaterals (−0.327; 95% confidence interval, −0.494 to −0.138; P = 0.01). An HIR cut‐off of <0.4 best predicted good DSA collaterals with an odds ratio of 4.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.8–10.1) (sensitivity, 0.792; specificity, 0.560; area under curve, 0.708).ConclusionThe HIR is a robust indicator of angiographic collaterals and might be used as a surrogate of collateral assessment in patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. HIR <0.4 best predicted good DSA collaterals.
Predictors of focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures during long‐term video‐EEG monitoring
Authors: Pensel Max C. , Schnuerch Martin , Elger Christian E. , Surges Rainer 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine predictors of focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures (FBTCS) during video–electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring (VEM).MethodsAll adult patients undergoing presurgical VEM from 2014 to 2015 in the department of epileptology were eligible (N = 229). Those with refractory focal epilepsy and epileptic seizures recorded during VEM were analyzed (N = 188, Group 1). To assess the effects of antiepileptic drug (AED) taper, the total AED load was calculated as the sum of the ratios of prescribed daily dose and defined daily dose of all AEDs per VEM day and was correlated with the occurrence of focal seizures without bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures (FwoBTCS) and FBTCS. To validate the findings, data of patients undergoing VEM in 2004 and 2005 (Group 2, eligible N = 243, analyzed N = 203) were also investigated.ResultsIn Group 1, 53 patients had FBTCS and 135 patients had exclusively FwoBTCS during VEM. Reduced AED load at seizure onset was the most important modifiable risk factor for FBTCS (receiver‐operating characteristic [ROC]: area under the curve [AUC] = 0.78). Furthermore, the risk of FBTCS varied with the history and frequency of FBTCS prior to VEM. For instance, patients had a 50% risk of FBTCS by reducing the AED load to ~20% when no information about history of FBTCS was taken into account, to ~30% when a positive history of FBTCS was taken into account, and to ~50% when a high frequency of FBTCS prior to VEM was taken into account. These findings were largely replicated in Group 2 (59 patients with FBTCS and 144 exclusively with FwoBTCS).SignificanceThe risk of FTBCS during VEM depends on the history and frequency of FTBCS prior to VEM and is particularly associated with the extent of AED reduction. Our data underscore the need for appropriate tapering regimens in VEM units.
How Does Migraine Change After 10 Years? A Clinical Cohort Follow‐Up Analysis
Authors: Caronna Edoardo , Gallardo Victor José , Fonseca Elena , Gómez‐Galván Juan Bernardo , Alpuente Alicia , Torres‐Ferrus Marta , Pozo‐Rosich Patricia 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo describe the 10‐year evolution of a cohort of migraine patients, focusing on prognostic factors of improvement.BackgroundMigraine is one of the most prevalent and disabling diseases and migraineurs often want to know about the evolutionary timeline of their condition. Yet, data from longitudinal studies with a long‐term follow‐up is scarce.MethodsThis is a 10‐year longitudinal study. In 2008, we recruited 1109 consecutive migraine patients who answered an initial survey. In 2018, we did a follow‐up. We compared initial and final (after 10 years) data. A reduction ≥50% in Headache days/month was considered as improvement. A comparative study was carried out to identify predictors of improvement or no improvement.ResultsAfter 10 years, 380 patients completed the survey (34.3% of the initial cohort), 77.1% (293/380) were women; mean age 41.0 ± 10.6 years and 73.7% (280/380) had an initial diagnosis of episodic migraine (EM). After 10 years, 48.2% (183/380) of patients did not have a medical follow‐up of their migraine; 47.4% (180/380) decreased ≥50% in frequency, which increased the proportion of EM (73.7% vs 87.4%) (P < .001) as compared to the initial results. Factors independently associated with improvement were: a baseline frequency >10 days/month (OR[95%]: 3.04 [1.89, 4.89]; P < .001), nonsmoking (2.13 [1.23, 3.67]; P = .006) and a medical follow‐up for migraine (2.45 [1.54, 3.90]; P < .001). Additionally, after 10 years, we observed a reduction in the use of preventive treatment (48.7% vs 23.5%) and an increase in monotherapy (42.2% vs 72.7%) (P < .001).ConclusionAfter 10 years, in almost half of the patients who answered the survey, migraine improved. Other than the natural pathophysiology of migraine, having a medical follow‐up and healthy habits such as nonsmoking were independent factors associated with improvement.
Control of the near‐surface OH concentration of float glass by anodic proton injection
Authors: Miyasaka Satoshi , Ishiyama Tomohiro , Hayashi Yasuo , Omata Takahisa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractControlling the OH concentration near the float glass surface was investigated via anodic proton injection into a glass melt under conditions simulating the float glass process. A DC voltage of 1‐4 V was applied to the glass at 1000°C between the molten tin as an anode and graphite placed on the glass as a cathode. Although the OH concentration of the glass near the glass/tin interface was controlled to the same level as that in the interior of the glass when a DC voltage of 3 V was applied, the decrease in Na concentration, one order of magnitude greater than the amount of injected protons, was observed around the glass/tin interface. Therefore, the OH concentration by dehydration cannot be restored using anodic proton injection without substantial composition change. Tin was observed to be electrochemically injected into the glass when a DC voltage of >4 V was applied, and majority of the injected protons were released from the glass under the experimental conditions. Finally, the conditions that achieved an OH concentration near the glass/tin interface matching with that in the interior of the glass without substantial composition change around the anode are discussed and proposed.
A Framework for Measuring the Amount of Adaptation of Rasch‐based Computerized Adaptive Tests
Authors: Wyse Adam E. , McBride James R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA key consideration when giving any computerized adaptive test (CAT) is how much adaptation is present when the test is used in practice. This study introduces a new framework to measure the amount of adaptation of Rasch‐based CATs based on looking at the differences between the selected item locations (Rasch item difficulty parameters) of the administered items and target item locations determined from provisional ability estimates at the start of each item. Several new indices based on this framework are introduced and compared to previously suggested measures of adaptation using simulated and real test data. Results from the simulation indicate that some previously suggested indices are not as sensitive to changes in item pool size and the use of constraints as the new indices and may not work as well under different item selection rules. The simulation study and real data example also illustrate the utility of using the new indices to measure adaptation at both a group and individual level. Discussion is provided on how one may use several of the indices to measure adaptation of Rasch‐based CATs in practice.
GDSL esterase/lipases OsGELP34 and OsGELP110/OsGELP115 are essential for rice pollen development
Authors: Zhang Huihui , Wang Menglong , Li Yiqi , Yan Wei , Chang Zhenyi , Ni Haoling , Chen Zhufeng , Wu Jianxin , Xu Chunjue , Deng Xing Wang , Tang Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPollen exine contains complex biopolymers of aliphatic lipids and phenolics. Abnormal development of pollen exine often leads to plant sterility. Molecular mechanisms regulating exine formation have been studied extensively but remain ambiguous. Here we report the analyses of three GDSL esterase/lipase protein genes, OsGELP34, OsGELP110, and OsGELP115, for rice exine formation. OsGELP34 was identified by cloning of a male sterile mutant gene. OsGELP34 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum protein and was mainly expressed in anthers during pollen exine formation. osgelp34 mutant displayed abnormal exine and altered expression of a number of key genes required for pollen development. OsGELP110 was previously identified as a gene differentially expressed in meiotic anthers. OsGELP110 was most homologous to OsGELP115, and the two genes showed similar gene expression patterns. Both OsGELP110 and OsGELP115 proteins were localized in peroxisomes. Individual knockout of OsGELP110 and OsGELP115 did not affect the plant fertility, but double knockout of both genes altered the exine structure and rendered the plant male sterile. OsGELP34 is distant from OsGELP110 and OsGELP115 in sequence, and osgelp34 and osgelp110/osgelp115 mutants were different in anther morphology despite both were male sterile. These results suggested that OsGELP34 and OsGELP110/OsGELP115 catalyze different compounds for pollen exine development.
The Role of Butch versus Femme Identity in Body Image and Breast Health Among Lesbians in Taiwan: Results of an Online Survey
Authors: Wang Ya‐Ching , Chang Shiow‐Ru , Miao Nae‐Fang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeThe views of butch‐ and femme‐identified lesbians toward their own breasts, breast cancer, breast cancer screenings, and their behavior and intentions toward breast health care were examined and compared in this study.MethodsA total of 208 Taiwanese lesbians (134 butch‐identified lesbians and 78 femme‐identified lesbians) completed an online survey.ResultsButch‐identified lesbians were more likely to hold negative views regarding their own breasts, which were found to be significantly and negatively associated with their actions in performing breast self‐examinations when compared with femme‐identified lesbians.ConclusionsHealthcare providers should be aware of and provide culturally competent care to lesbians with different identities.Clinical RelevanceThe results can be employed as evidence for promoting lesbians’ breast health, particularly butch‐identified lesbians. Healthcare providers should provide a supportive environment in order to promote a positive body image and improve breast health among lesbians.
The Explanatory Power of the Soul
Authors: Friberg‐Fernros Henrik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLiberalism and naturalism are the reigning orthodoxies of most faculties today, while dualism is overwhelmingly rejected. The overarching claim defended in this paper is that liberals should consider dualism more seriously than what currently seems to be the case. This claim will be defended in two stages. First, I will argue that dualism provides better resources with which to defend foundational liberal commitments to human equality and human agency than those naturalism offers. Secondly, I will argue that dualism is plausible enough to be seriously considered by liberals granted that this view is friendlier to liberal commitments than naturalism is.
Judaism and the Contingency of Religious Law in Kant’s Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason
Authors: Haring James 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFor Kant’s moral universalism, contingent religious law is legitimate only when it serves as a means of fulfilling the moral law. Though Kant uses traditional theological resources to account for the possibility of “statutory ecclesiastical law” in historical religions, he denies this possibility to Jewish law. Something like Kant’s logic appears in the work of some of his intellectual successors who continue to define Christianity in terms of its moral superiority to Judaism while attempting to excise remaining “Jewish” elements from it. A more adequate account of the Hebrew Bible, Judaism, and the origins of Christianity exposes deficiencies in Kant’s universalizing logic which seems to deny any intrinsic value to historical religions. A possible alternative may lie in a modified account of the relationship between the moral law and religious law, perhaps nourished by Jewish thought, including the rabbinic tradition of the Noachide commandments.
Compression test of soft gellan gels using a soft machine equipped with a transparent artificial tongue
Authors: Kohyama Kaoru 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA soft machine system (texture analyzer equipped with an artificial tongue) was developed to analyze the occurrence of fractures in soft food gels compressed between the tongue and hard palate. Artificial tongues were newly designed with a modulus similar to that of a somewhat tense human tongue, using transparent urethane gels. A model of soft foods that are easy or difficult to crush with the tongue was prepared using gellan gums at different concentrations. A piece of gellan gum gel was uniaxially compressed on an artificial tongue with the flat probe of a texture analyzer. The food gel and artificial tongue were deformed, leading to the fracturing of food gels alone. During compression‐induced fracture, the softer food gels exhibited a lower force, lower displacement, and lower true stress than the harder gels on all artificial tongues. The fracture probability of gellan gels was lower for the combination of harder food gels and softer artificial tongues, as softer materials can deform to a larger extent. Fracture displacement of food gels was increased as the modulus of the artificial tongue decreased; however, the fracture force did not differ significantly. These results suggest that an artificial tongue with elastic modulus values similar to those of the actual human tongue is suitable for determining the fracture behavior of foods during compression between the tongue and hard palate.