bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Electrode Materials Comprising of Structure‐Engineered Quantum Dots for High‐Performance Asymmetric Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Zhang Maiwen , Li Matthew , Li Brenda , Zhang Wenyao , Li Gaoran , Xiao Meiling , Zhu Jianbing , Yu Aiping , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) as a new class of energy storage devices have attracted great attention due to their unique merits. However, the narrow operating voltage, slow frequency response, and relatively low energy density of MSCs are still insufficient. Therefore, an effective strategy to improve their electrochemical performance by innovating upon the design from various aspects remains a huge challenge. Here, surface and structural engineering by downsizing to quantum dot scale, doping heteroatoms, creating more structural defects, and introducing rich functional groups to two dimensional (2D) materials is employed to tailor their physicochemical properties. The resulting nitrogen‐doped graphene quantum dots (N‐GQDs) and molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS2‐QDs) show outstanding electrochemical performance as negative and positive electrode materials, respectively. Importantly, the obtained N‐GQDs//MoS2‐QDs asymmetric MSCs device exhibits a large operating voltage up to 1.5 V (far exceeding that of most reported MSCs), an ultrafast frequency response (with a short time constant of 0.087 ms), a high energy density of 0.55 mWh cm−3, and long‐term cycling stability. This work not only provides a novel concept for the design of MSCs with enhanced performance but also may have broad application in other energy storage and conversion devices based on QDs materials.
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer, heading date, and pollination speed on the seed production of fifth‐generation rice
Authors: Huang Yifeng , Wu Pingfan , Zeng Hao , Du Longgang , Wang Meixing , Guo Shaoying , Xie Qingjun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProduction of hybrid seed is a crucial limiting factor for the commercial development of hybrid rice. Studies have shown that the seed production of japonica‐type or indica‐type hybrid rice is affected by many factors, Japonica‐type or indica‐type hybrid rice are considered as third‐generation rice. However, little is known about japonica‐indica hybrid rice, which is a fifth‐generation (5G) rice. We evaluated the effects of multiple cultivation approaches to improve seed production of 5G rice. Our results showed that application of 300 kg ha–1 resulted in the optimal seed setting ratio when compared with higher N rates. In addition, we found that the heading date of the two elite sterile lines accelerated under late sowing, which facilitated establishment of hybridization between the parent lines. Moreover, our results demonstrated that proper heading date is a crucial factor for seed setting of the test male sterile lines, Zhe 04A and Chunjiang 16A. We also found that the faster pollination speed, the more seeds of 5G rice were obtained. We propose that the combination of applications would significantly reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of producing 5G rice seed.
Mesoporous Co‐Al oxide nanosheets as highly efficient catalysts for CO oxidation
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Liang , Wu Zhiyi , Wang Hai , Zhang Bingsen , Xiao Feng‐Shou 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe report mesoporous Co‐Al oxide nanosheets (CoxAl‐Ns, where x denotes the Co/Al ratio in the samples) prepared by calcination of CoAl‐hydrotalcite and subsequent alkaline treatment. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that the prepared Co‐Al oxide nanosheets (CoxAl‐Ns) are very thin (10–15 nm) and exhibit high mesoporosity (3–5 nm). Catalytic CO oxidation tests reveal that the CoxAl‐Ns exhibit excellent catalytic performances at relatively low temperatures: for example, the Co2.5Al‐Ns catalyst could achieve 99% CO conversion at −98°C. Kinetic studies and experimental investigations indicate that the high activity of the Co2.5Al‐Ns sample is strongly related to the abundance of active sites associated with the large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area. The Co2.5Al‐Ns catalyst also achieves full conversion of CO in tests performed with a gas mixture simulating automobile exhaust gas at 200°C. After loading the Co2.5Al‐Ns on a porous ceramic substrate, the obtained Co2.5Al‐Ns/PC shows high activity and stability in CO oxidation process. These features are potentially important for future industrial applications of these catalysts.
Deactivation of hydrodesulfurization catalysts during reactor startup
Authors: Ho Teh C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMetal sulfide catalysts for ultra‐deep hydrodesulfurization of diesel generally lose a fraction of their catalytically active sites during reactor startup. The underlying mechanisms are discussed. A laboratory diagnostic tool consisting of three probe molecules is developed for testing metal sulfide catalysts' start‐of‐run (SOR) activity maintenance. It is found that a significant fraction of the active sites on a commercial supported catalyst are deactivated permanently, but this is not the case with a bulk metal sulfide catalyst. The SOR deactivation of the bulk catalyst is completely reversible, while that of the supported catalyst is partially reversible. The diagnostic tool may provide a basis for developing a high‐throughput approach for evaluating and enhancing catalyst SOR stability, thereby increasing plant productivity.
Model‐predictive safety optimal actions to detect and handle process operation hazards
Authors: Soroush Masoud , Masooleh Leila Samandari , Seider Warren D. , Oktem Ulku , Arbogast Jeffrey E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn 2016, we introduced the concept of model‐predictive safety (MPS; Ahooyi et al, AIChE J. 2016; 62:2024‐2042). MPS is a proposed innovation in functional safety systems to methodically account for process nonlinearities and variable interactions to enable predictive, prescriptive actions, while existing functional safety systems generally react when individual process variables exceed thresholds. MPS systematically utilizes a dynamic process model to detect imminent and potential future operation hazards in real time and to take optimal preventive and mitigative actions proactively. This work expands the concept of MPS and formulates two min–max optimization problems, offline solutions of which are the optimal proactive preventive and mitigating actions that MPS takes online, in response to predicted process operation hazards. A nested particle‐swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to solve the min–max optimization problems. The application and performance of the min–max optimization formulations, the PSO algorithm, and MPS, applied to two chemical process examples, are shown through numerical simulations.
A needle trap device packed with MIL‐100(Fe) metal organic frameworks for efficient headspace sampling and analysis of urinary BTEXs
Authors: Saedi Negar , Bahrami Abdulrahman , Ghorbani Shahna Farshid , Habibi Mohraz Majid , Farhadian Maryam , Alizadeh Saber 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a new method for the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (BTEXs) in urine samples. In this method, MIL‐100(Fe)@Fe3O4@SiO2 metal–organic framework was synthesized, characterized and packed inside a needle trap device (NTD) as a sorbent for headspace extraction of unmetabolized BTEXs from urine samples followed by gas chromatography (GC) analysis. The GC device was equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). The results showed that the optimal extraction time, extraction temperature and salt content were 60 min, 30°C and 5%, respectively. Also, the optimal desorption time and temperature were determined to be 1 min and 250°C, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification of the analytes of interest were in the ranges 0.0001–0.0005 and 0.0003–0.0014 μg ml−1, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day repeatability were <7.6%. The accuracy of the measurements in urine samples was in the range 7.1–11.4%. The results also demonstrated that the proposed NTD offered various advantages such as having high sensitivity and being inexpensive, reusable, user friendly, environmentally friendly and compatible for use with the GC device. Therefore, it can be efficiently used as a MIL–NTD for the extraction and analysis of unmetabolized BTEXs from urine samples.
Where do these cadavers come from?
Authors: Jayakumar Nithish , Athar Sajjad , Ashwood Neil 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCadaveric surgical courses are highly useful in developing operative skills, however, the provenance of the cadavers themselves remains opaque. Trade in cadaveric parts is an important source of material for courses, and this has spawned the unique service of body brokerage. Body brokers, however, operate in an unregulated market and obtain bodies by exploiting family members' altruistic instincts and financial concerns. Unethical and illegal sale of body parts has been well‐documented, while the use of cadavers for uses other than that consented by donors is also a key concern. Undoubtedly, cadaveric surgical courses would have used bodies sourced from brokers, and questions remain about the moral and ethical implications of this. We discuss this issue using an ethical and historical context as well as offering solutions to ensure the ethical sourcing of cadavers for surgical training.
Flammability and combustion hazard of preserved human tissues
Authors: Noël Geoffroy P. JC. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPreservation techniques have evolved over the years to respond to the need of longer dissection periods, with formaldehyde being widely used for this purpose. In recent years, efforts have been focusing on reducing the health hazards of this fixative and the rigidity of the tissues embalmed with it. With every embalming technique that they are either developing or resurrecting from various protocols, institutions need to assess the fire and health hazards of all the chemicals being used. Compliance with the storage and handling safeguards listed in the Material Safety Data Sheet of each chemical, needs to be accompanied by infrastructure changes. To reduce the health hazards of formaldehyde, institutions are taking appropriate countermeasures directed at the source itself, by using substitutes or injecting formaldehyde chelating agents, and are adopting high performance air extraction systems to protect the users. However, little is known about the flammability risk of embalmed human bodies. During a recent visit to McGill University morgue by architects and safety inspectors to expand it, we were asked about the flammability risk of the embalmed specimens, so we carried out a flashpoint test to evaluate the flammability potential of specimens embalmed with each of our three embalming techniques: formaldehyde‐based, Thiel, and phenol‐based. With the phenol‐based embalming showing the most risks, attention should be drawn to all institutions who are experimenting with various embalming techniques to evaluate the flammability potential of their embalmed specimens.
Effects of chronic low‐dose aspirin treatment on tumor prevention in three mouse models of intestinal tumorigenesis
Authors: Rohwer Nadine , Kühl Anja A. , Ostermann Annika I. , Hartung Nicole Marie , Schebb Nils Helge , Zopf Dieter , McDonald Fiona M. , Weylandt Karsten‐H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) have improved, it remains a significant health‐care problem with high morbidity and mortality. Data indicate that long‐term intake of low‐dose aspirin reduces the risk of CRC; however, the mechanisms underlying this chemopreventive effect are still unclear. Different mouse models for inflammation‐associated, sporadic, and hereditary CRC were applied to assess the efficacy and mechanism of low‐dose aspirin on tumor prevention. An initial dosing study performed in healthy mice indicates that aspirin at a dose of 25 mg/kg/d has a similar pharmacodynamic effect as low‐dose aspirin treatment in human subjects (100 mg/d). Chronic low‐dose aspirin treatment suppresses colitis‐associated and to a lesser extent spontaneous tumorigenesis in mice. Aspirin's antitumor effect is most pronounced in a preventive approach when aspirin administration starts before the tumor‐initiating genotoxic event and continues for the duration of the experiment. These effects are not associated with alterations in cell proliferation, apoptosis, or activation of signaling pathways involved in CRC. Aspirin‐induced reduction in tumor burden is accompanied by inhibition of thromboxane B2 formation, indicating reduced platelet activation. Aspirin treatment also results in decreased colonic prostaglandin E2 formation and tumor angiogenesis. With respect to colitis‐triggered tumorigenesis, aspirin administration is associated with a reduction in inflammatory activity in the colon, as indicated by decreased levels of pro‐inflammatory mediators, and tumor‐associated iNOS‐positive macrophages. Our results suggest that low‐dose aspirin represents an effective antitumor agent in the context of colon tumorigenesis primarily due to its well‐established cyclooxygenase inhibition effects.
Economics of alternative dosing strategies for pembrolizumab and nivolumab at a single academic cancer center
Authors: Hall Evan , Zhang Jenny , Kim Eun Jeong , Hwang Grace , Chu Gilbert , Bhatia Shailender , Reddy Sunil 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe FDA initially approved pembrolizumab and nivolumab for doses based on patient weight, but subsequently amended approval to fixed doses. We estimated savings from novel dosing strategies based on real‐world patient data from a single cancer center.MethodsWe analyzed all outpatient doses of pembrolizumab and nivolumab administered at three infusion centers affiliated with our academic hospital between July 1, 2018 and Oct 31, 2018. We estimated savings from several dosing strategies with and without vial sharing between patients.ResultsA total of 1029 doses of pembrolizumab or nivolumab were administered for multiple cancer types. For 77% of doses, the weight‐based dose was less than the fixed dose. “Dose‐minimization” (DM), defined as the lesser of weight‐based and fixed dose decreased nivolumab spending by 9% without affecting pembrolizumab spending. DM plus vial sharing decreased pembrolizumab spending by 19% without affecting nivolumab. The differences in savings were due to availability of multiple vial sizes for nivolumab but not pembrolizumab. DM plus vial sharing for both drugs would have saved $1.5 million USD over the 4‐month study period.ConclusionNew dosing strategies for pembrolizumab and nivolumab can generate large savings without anticipated decrease in efficacy. Barriers include FDA dosing labels, hospital policies against vial sharing, and inaccessibility of smaller vial sizes, which are currently available in other worldwide markets.
Learning about Enzyme Stability against Organic Cosolvents from Structural Insights by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sproß Jens , Yamashita Yasunobu , Gröger Harald 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIon mobility spectrometry (IMS) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) enables the investigation of protein folding in solution. Herein, a proof‐of‐concept for obtaining structural information about the folding of a protein in dependency of the amount of an organic cosolvent in the aqueous medium by means of this IMS‐MS method is presented. By analyzing the protein with native nano‐electrospray ionization IMS‐MS, the impact of acetonitrile as a representative organic cosolvent and/or pH values on the folding of an enzyme was successfully evaluated in a fast and straightforward fashion, as exemplified for an ene reductase from Gluconobacter oxydans. The IMS‐MS results are in agreement with findings from the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)‐based spectrophotometric enzyme activity tests under analogous conditions, and thus, also rationalizing these “wet” analytical data. For this ene reductase, a higher tolerance against CH3CN in the presence of a buffer was observed by both analytical methods. The results suggest that this IMS‐MS methodology could be a useful complementary tool to existing methods in process optimization and fine‐tuning of solvent conditions for biotransformations.
Development of Minimal Diguanosinyl Motif toward RNA G‐Quadruplex‐Like Structures in Solution
Authors: Pal Chandan , Chakraborty Tushar Kanti 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAmong the non‐canonical structures of B‐DNA, the G‐quadruplex is of particular interest because of its well‐defined conformation, high stability, and versatility. Herein we report our studies on the development of an amide‐linked minimal diguanosinyl motif that forms a G‐quadruplex‐like structure in solution in the presence of potassium cations; various linear guanosine amino acid dimers were synthesized with linkers of different chain lengths to investigate the optimum flexibility required to form such structures.
Sulfinyl‐Mediated Stereoselective Functionalization of Acyclic Conjugated Dienes
Authors: Colomer Ignacio , Ureña Mercedes , Viso Alma , Fernández de la Pradilla Roberto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe chemo‐ and stereocontrolled functionalization of conjugated sulfinyl dienes in a cascade process that involves a conjugate addition, diastereoselective protonation and a [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement is reported. Enantioenriched 1,4‐diol and 1,4‐aminoalcohol derivatives are obtained in a very straightforward manner. Further functionalization of these structures, including highly stereoselective epoxidation, dihydroxylation and the stereodivergent synthesis of several polyols in a controlled fashion is described.
Goodness‐of‐fit for regime‐switching copula models with application to option pricing
Authors: Nasri Bouchra R. , Rémillard Bruno N. , Thioub Mamadou Y. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe consider several time series, and for each of them, we fit an appropriate dynamic parametric model. This produces serially independent error terms for each time series. The dependence between these error terms is then modelled by a regime‐switching copula. The EM algorithm is used for estimating the parameters and a sequential goodness‐of‐fit procedure based on Cramér–von Mises statistics is proposed to select the appropriate number of regimes. Numerical experiments are performed to assess the validity of the proposed methodology. As an example of application, we evaluate a European put‐on‐max option on the returns of two assets. To facilitate the use of our methodology, we have built a R package HMMcopula available on CRAN.The Canadian Journal of Statistics48: 79–96; 2020 © 2020 Statistical Society of Canada
Corporate social responsibility and financial statement comparability: Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Fangjun , Zhang Zhichao , Xu Luying 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study examines the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and financial statement comparability. We use a sample of 7,462 firm‐year observations from firms listed on China's stock exchanges from 2007 to 2016 and find that to some extent, firms with more positive CSR performance exhibit higher financial statement comparability, supporting the notion that managers have ethical concerns for stakeholder engagement. By contrast, firms with inferior adverse CSR performance exhibit significantly much lower financial statement comparability. Results are robust to alternative variable measurements and tests for endogeneity. Findings also suggest that CSR performance can be indicative of managerial opportunistic behaviours and the compliance incentive to follow accounting standards.
Solvent‐ and Catalyst‐Free Carbon Dioxide Capture and Reduction to Formate with Borohydride Ionic Liquid
Authors: Lombardo Loris , Yang Heena , Zhao Kun , Dyson Paul J. , Züttel Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe metal‐ and solvent‐free capture and reduction of large amounts of CO2 to formate under ambient conditions is achieved by combining a pyrrolidinium‐based ionic liquid with a borohydride anion. This material demonstrates one of the highest CO2 capacities at room temperature and 1 bar with up to 1 g
g−1IL. CO2 gas reacts with the BH4− anion to give triformatoborohydride, [HB(OCHO)3]−. The reaction occurs without loss in capacity at low CO2 concentration (6 vol % diluted with N2). The thermodynamics and kinetics of the reaction were monitored by using a magnetic suspended balance. In addition, more than 1 mol
mol−1
is captured and reduced if air is used as a CO2 source. The product can be then treated with HCl to give formic acid and the corresponding ionic liquid chloride, which can be recycled. This ionic liquid borohydride demonstrates great potential as a CO2 absorber and reducer to produce alternative fuels.
A High‐Performance Primary Nanosheet Heterojunction Cathode Composed of Na0.44MnO2 Tunnels and Layered Na2Mn3O7 for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Peng , Su Jiaxin , Wang Yibing , Zhou Wei , Song Jiajia , Su Qinmei , Reeves‐McLaren Nik , Guo Shouwu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOwing to its large capacity and high average potential, the structure and reversible O‐redox compensation mechanism of Na2Mn3O7 have recently been analyzed. However, capacity fade and low coulombic efficiency over multiple cycles have also been found to be a problem, which result from oxygen evolution at high charge voltages. Herein, a Na0.44MnO2⋅Na2Mn3O7 heterojunction of primary nanosheets was prepared by a sol‐gel‐assisted high‐temperature sintering method. In the nanodomain regions, the close contact of Na0.44MnO2 not only supplies multidimensional channels to improve the rate performance of the composite, but also plays the role of pillars for enhancing the cycling stability and coulombic efficiency; this is accomplished by suppressing oxygen evolution, which is confirmed by high‐resolution (HR)TEM, cyclic voltammetry, and charge/discharge curves. As the cathode of a Na‐ion battery, at 200 mA g−1 after 100 cycles, the Na0.44MnO2⋅Na2Mn3O7 heterojunction retains an 88 % capacity and the coulombic efficiency approaches 100 % during the cycles. At 1000 mA g−1, the Na0.44MnO2⋅Na2Mn3O7 heterojunction has a discharge capacity of 72 mAh g−1. In addition, the average potential is as high as 2.7 V in the range 1.5–4.6 V. The above good performances indicate that heterojunctions are an effective strategy for addressing oxygen evolution by disturbing the long‐range order distribution of manganese vacancies in the Mn‐O layer.
Design and investigations on a compact, UWB, monopole antenna with reconfigurable band notches for 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN and 5.5 GHz Wi‐MAX bands
Authors: De Arnab , Roy Bappadittya , Bhattacharjee Anup Kumar 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis article represents a microstrip line–fed novel circular monopole antenna with ultra‐wideband (UWB) characteristics. The compact antenna provides reconfigurable notches at WLAN (5.2/5.8 GHz) and Wi‐MAX (5.5 GHz) frequency bands. The band rejection is achieved by etching an open‐ended L‐shaped slot in the ground plane, which effectively mitigates the interference between WLAN, Wi‐MAX, and UWB systems with an effective patch area of 36.26%. The proposed antenna operates from 3.05 to 12.11 GHz with VSWR
2 except at stopband (3.89‐5.93 GHz) to filter the WLAN and Wi‐MAX signals. The simulated return loss, gain, and radiation pattern of the proposed antenna has been experimentally verified with the fabricated one which holds a good agreement.