bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal neuroimaging and suicidality in a US population-based sample of school-aged children
Authors: Vidal-Ribas Pablo , Janiri Delfina , Doucet Gaelle E. , Pornpattananangkul Narun , Nielson Dylan M. , Frangou Sophia , Stringaris Argyris 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImportanceSuicide deaths and suicidality are considered a public health emergency, yet their brain underpinnings remain elusive.ObjectiveTo examine individual, environmental, and clinical characteristics, as well as multimodal brain imaging correlates of suicidality in a US population-based sample of school-aged children.DesignCross-sectional analysis of the first wave of data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development studySettingMulticenter population-based studyParticipantsChildren aged 9-10 years from unreferred, community samples with suicidality data available (n=7,994). Following quality control, we examined structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) (n=6,238), resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) (n=4,134), and task-based fMRI (range n=4,075 to 4,608).ExposureLifetime suicidality, defined as suicidal ideation, plans and attempts reported by children or/and caregivers.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMultimodal neuroimaging analyses examined differences with Welch’s t-test and Equivalence Tests, with observed effect sizes (ES, Cohen’s d) and their 90% confidence interval (CI) < |0.15|. Predictive values were examined using the area under precision-recall curves (AUPRC). Measures included, cortical volume and thickness, large-scale network connectivity and task-based MRI of reward processing, inhibitory control and working memory.ResultsAmong the 7,994 unrelated children (3,757 females [47.0%]), those will lifetime suicidality based on children (n=684 [8.6%]; 276 females [40.4%]), caregiver (n=654 [8.2%]; 233 females [35.6%]) or concordant reports (n=198 [2.5%]; 67 females [33.8%]), presented higher levels of social adversity and psychopathology on themselves and their caregivers compared to never-suicidal children (n=6,854 [85.7%]; 3,315 females [48.3%]). A wide range of brain areas was associated with suicidality, but only one test (0.06%) survived statistical correction: children with caregiver-reported suicidality had a thinner left bank of the superior temporal sulcus compared to never-suicidal children (ES=-0.17, 95%CI -0.26, -0.08, pFDR=0.019). Based on the prespecified bounds of |0.15|, ∼48% of the group mean differences for child-reported suicidality comparisons and a ∼22% for parent-reported suicidality comparisons were considered equivalent. All observed ES were relatively small (d≤|0.20|) and with low predictive value (AUPRC≤0.10).Conclusion and RelevanceUsing commonly-applied neuroimaging measures, we were unable to find a discrete brain signature related to suicidality in youth. There is a great need for improved approaches to the neurobiology of suicide.
Current practice and challenges in screening for visual perception deficits after stroke: a qualitative study
Authors: Vancleef Kathleen , Colwell Michael J , Hewitt Olivia , Demeyere Nele 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAIMWe aimed to document current clinical practice and needs in screening for visual perception problems after stroke to inform development of new screening tools.METHODSWe interviewed 25 health care professionals (12 occupational therapists, 13 orthoptists) from 16 organisations in England. Interviews were transcribed and coded in NVivo Software. Data were thematically analysed using the Value Proposition Canvas, a model which establishes what people want to achieve, the challenges they face and what facilitates their jobs.RESULTSParticipants’ understanding of visual perception varied and often included sensory and cognitive deficits. Occupational therapists commonly screened for visual field deficits and hemispatial neglect, while other aspects of visual cognition were rarely assessed. They decided on referrals to orthoptists for further assessment. Screening generally occurred during functional assessments and/or with in-house developed tools. Challenges to practice were: lack of time, lack of training, environmental and stroke survivor factors (e.g. aphasia), insufficient continuation of care, and test characteristics (e.g. not evidence-based). Facilitators to practice were: quick and practical tools, experienced staff or tools with minimal training requirements, a streamlined care pathway between a stroke unit and eye hospital supported by occupational therapists and orthoptists.CONCLUSIONScreening employs non-standardised assessments and rarely covers visual perceptual deficits in higher order perception. Our service evaluation demonstrates the need for a standardised visual perception screen, which should ideally be 15 minutes or less, be portable, and require minimal equipment. The screen should be suitable for bedside testing in noisy environments, inclusive for participants with aphasia and evidence-based.
Schizophrenia polygenic risk score and cannabis use modify psychosis expression in first episode psychosis patients and population controls
Authors: Quattrone Diego , Reininghaus Ulrich , Richards Alex L. , Tripoli Giada , Ferraro Laura , Marino Paolo , Rodriguez Victoria ,   EU-GEI group, Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Jongsma Hannah E. , Jones Peter B. , La Cascia Caterina , La Barbera Daniele , Tarricone Ilaria , Bonora Elena , Tosato Sarah , Lasalvia Antonio , Szöke Andrei , Arango Celso , Bernardo Miquel , Bobes Julio , Del Ben Cristina Marta , Menezes Paulo Rossi , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Santos Jose Luis , Sanjuán Julio , Tortelli Andrea , Velthorst Eva , de Haan Lieuwe , Rutten Bart P.F. , Lynskey Michael T. , Freeman Tom P. , Kirkbride James B. , Sham Pak C. , O’Donovan Michael C. , Cardno Alastair , Vassos Evangelos , van Os Jim , Morgan Craig , Murray Robin M. , Lewis Cathryn M. , Di Forti Marta 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic categories within the psychosis spectrum are widely used in clinical practice, however psychosis may occur on a continuum. Therefore, we explored whether the continuous distribution of psychotic symptoms across categories is a function of genetic as well as environmental risk factors, such as polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and cannabis use.MethodsAs part of the EU-GEI study, we genotyped first episode psychosis patients (FEP) and population controls, for whom transdiagnostic dimensions of psychotic symptoms or experiences were generated using item response bi-factor modelling. Linear regression was used, separately in patients and controls, to test the associations between these dimensions and schizophrenia (SZ) PRSs, as well as the combined effect of SZ-PRS and cannabis use on the positive symptom/experience dimensions.ResultsSZ-PRS was associated with negative (B=0.18; 95%CI 0.03 to 0.34) and positive (B=0.19; 95%CI 0.03 to 0.36) symptom dimensions in 617 FEP, and with all the psychotic experience dimensions in 979 controls. The putative effect of SZ-PRS on either symptom or experience dimensions was of a small magnitude. Cannabis use was additionally associated with the positive dimensions both in FEP (B=0.31; 95%CI 0.11 to 0.52) and in controls (B=0.26; 95%CI 0.06 to 0.46), independently from SZ-PRS.ConclusionsWe report two validators to the latent dimensional structure of psychosis. SZ risk variants and cannabis use independently map onto specific dimensions, contributing to variation across the psychosis continuum. Findings support the hypothesis that psychotic experiences have similar biological substrates as clinical disorders.
Social and Health Seeking Determinants of Antibiotic Use in Vietnamese Children Under 5: Analysis of National Household Survey Data
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Viet Thanh Le , Son Tung Trinh , van Doorn Rogier , Zheng Charlotte , Makuka Gerald Jamberi , Lewycka Sonia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic resistance is an important global public health issue, perpetuated by increases in antibiotic use. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), tackling antibiotic resistance bacteria is especially challenging. Due to high rates of infectious disease and continuing high mortality from untreated bacterial infections, policy must balance tackling both antibiotic access and antibiotic overuse. This paper investigates the social and health-seeking determinants that impact appropriate and inappropriate antibiotic use in Vietnamese children under 5 for Acute Respiratory Illness (ARI).MethodsDescriptive analyses and logistic regression models were performed on country-wide household data from UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys in 2006, 2011, 2014.ResultsResults show that antibiotic overuse is higher in those who sought care from a healthcare provider than those who self-treated. In 2014, children who sought care at private facilities and government facilities were more likely to overuse antibiotics for mild respiratory infections (OR 6.1 and OR 3.8 respectively) than those who did not seek care at private and government facilities respectively. Furthermore, higher socioeconomic level was associated with both appropriate antibiotic use for pneumonia and inappropriate for mild ARI. Children in the poorest households in 2011 and 2014 were less likely to appropriately use antibiotics than those from other socioeconomic levels (OR 0.37 and 0.025 respectively). And children in the poorest households in 2014 were less likely to inappropriately use antibiotics for mild ARI than all other socioeconomic levels (OR 0.36).ConclusionsThese findings support, challenge, and broaden current understandings of antibiotic usage in Vietnam. Our results suggest that inappropriate antibiotic use arises from the provider and institutional level. Consequently, we argue that community education efforts and enforcing antibiotics as prescription-only is insufficient. Instead, more focus should be made on reducing financial incentives and infrastructural weaknesses at hospitals and health centres. Furthermore, our results show the need to provide the poorest households with sufficient access to antibiotics. Health policy should tackle the issue of inappropriate use of antibiotics for mild ARI among higher socioeconomic groups.
Quantitative Analysis of Ablation Technique Predicts Arrhythmia Recurrence Following Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: Jankelson Lior , Dai Matthew , Bernstein Scott , Park David , Holmes Douglas , Aizer Anthony , Chinitz Larry , Barbhaiya Chirag 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundOptimal ablation technique, including catheter-tissue contact during atrial fibrillation (AF) radiofrequency (RF) ablation is associated with improved procedural outcomes. We used a custom developed software to analyze high frequency catheter position data to study the interaction between catheter excursion during lesion placement, lesion-set sequentiality and arrhythmia recurrence.Methods100 consecutive patients undergoing first time RF ablation for paroxysmal AF were analyzed. Spatial positioning of the ablation catheter sampled at 60 Hz during RF application was extracted from the CARTO3 system (Biosense Webster Inc., USA) and analyzed using custom developed MATLAB software to determine precise catheter spatial 3D excursion during RF ablation. The primary end point was freedom from atrial arrhythmia lasting longer than 30 seconds after a single ablation procedure.ResultsAt one year, 86% of patients were free from recurrent arrhythmia. There was no significant difference in clinical, echocardiographic or ablation characteristics between patients with and without recurrent arrhythmia. Analyzing 15,356,998 position data-points revealed that lesion-set sequentiality and mean lesion catheter excursion were predictors of arrhythmia recurrence. Analyzing arrhythmia recurrence by mean single-lesion catheter excursion (excursion > 2.81mm) and by sequentiality (using 46% of lesions with inter-lesion distance >6mm as cutoff) revealed significantly increased arrhythmia recurrence in the higher excursion group (23% vs. 6%, p=0.03) and in the less sequential group (24% vs. 4%, p=0.02).ConclusionAblation lesion sequentiality measured by catheter inter-lesion distance and catheter stability measured by catheter excursion during lesion placement are potentially modifiable factors affecting arrhythmia recurrence after RF ablation for AF.
The care of older adults with extreme obesity in nursing homes: A collective case study
Authors: Hales Caz , Amankwaa Isaac , Gray Lesley , Rook Helen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the preparedness of nursing homes to deliver high quality, safe and equitable bariatric care for older adults with extreme obesity.Design and methodsA collective case study approach was used. Data collection included observational and interview data from three nursing homes, and a review of 224,200 resident admissions over a 3-year period in New Zealand.ParticipantsTwenty eight health care workers from three nursing homes in the North Island of New Zealand.ResultsDespite a willingness by healthcare staff to care for older adults with extreme obesity, nursing homes were not well equipped to provide safe equitable care for this resident population. Key areas of concern for nursing homes related to limitations in the infrastructure, and financial barriers relating to government funded contracted care services which incorporated equipment procurement and safe staffing ratios.ConclusionNursing homes are unprepared to accommodate the existing and increasing number of older adults with extreme obesity who will require bariatric specific care. Government agencies and policy makers will need to consider the financial implications of the increasing need for bariatric level support within aged care, as well as the impact on individual nursing home resources and quality of care provided. Considerable sector and government attention is needed in relation to infrastructure and funding, to allow for the provision of high quality, safe and equitable care for this population group.
Predicting dengue importation into Europe, using machine learning and model-agnostic methods
Authors: Salami Donald , Sousa Carla Alexandra , Martins Maria do Rosário Oliveira , Capinha César 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe geographical spread of dengue is a global public health concern. This is largely mediated by the importation of dengue from endemic to non-endemic areas via the increasing connectivity of the global air transport network. The dynamic nature and intrinsic heterogeneity of the air transport network make it challenging to predict dengue importation.Here, we explore the capabilities of state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms to predict dengue importation. We trained four machine learning classifiers algorithms, using a 6-year historical dengue importation data for 21 countries in Europe and connectivity indices mediating importation and air transport network centrality measures. Predictive performance for the classifiers was evaluated using the area under the receiving operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity measures. Finally, we applied practical model-agnostic methods, to provide an in-depth explanation of our optimal model’s predictions on a global and local scale.Our best performing model achieved high predictive accuracy, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic score of 0.94 and a maximized sensitivity score of 0.88. The predictor variables identified as most important were the source country’s dengue incidence rate, population size, and volume of air passengers. Network centrality measures, describing the positioning of European countries within the air travel network, were also influential to the predictions.We demonstrated the high predictive performance of a machine learning model in predicting dengue importation and the utility of the model-agnostic methods to offer a comprehensive understanding of the reasons behind the predictions. Similar approaches can be utilized in the development of an operational early warning surveillance system for dengue importation.
The significance of microRNA genes expression in ovarian cancer cell lines resistant to cytotoxic drugs
Authors: Kazmierczak Dominika , Jopek Karol , Sterzynska Karolina , Rucinski Marcin , Januchowski Radoslaw 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTOvarian cancer is the most fatal type of gynecological cancer. The main reason for high mortality is the development of drug resistance. It can be related to increased expression of drug transporters and increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. miRNA is a short noncoding RNA that regulates expression of about 60% of genes in the human genome and plays a crucial role in developing cancer, including resistance to chemotherapy.Our foremost aim was to exhibit alterations in the miRNA expression levels in the cisplatin (CIS), paclitaxel (PAC), doxorubicin (DOX), and topotecan (TOP) - resistant variants of W1 sensitive ovarian cancer cell line using miRNA microarray. The second goal was to identify miRNAs responsible for the regulation of drug-resistant genes.According to our observation, alterations in the expression of 40 miRNA genes. The level of expression of 21 genes was upregulated in at least one drug-resistant cell line. The expression of 19 genes was downregulated in at least one drug-resistant cell line. We identified target genes for 22 miRNAs. Target analysis showed that miRNA regulates key genes responsible for drug resistance. Among others, we observed regulation of the ABCB1 (MDR1) gene in the W1PR1 cell line by miR-363 and regulation of the COL3A1 gene in the W1TR cell line by miR-29a.Hence, on the basis of our findings, results indicate that genes responsible for drug resistance development in ovarian cancer can be regulated by miRNA.
Enhancer regulation for induced WNT3A expression during neuronal regeneration
Authors: Chang Chu-Yuan , Hung Jui-Hung , Wu Ching-Chih , Liang Min-Zong , Huang Pei-Yuan , Li Joye , Chen Hong-I , Yet Shaw-Fang , Fung Ka Shing , Kao Cheng-Fu , Chen Linyi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is limited by a lack of knowledge about the mechanisms underlying neuronal regeneration. WNT family members have been implicated in neurogenesis and aberrant WNT signaling has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The current study compared the expression of WNT genes during regeneration of injured cortical neurons. Recombinant WNT3A showed positive effect in promoting neuronal regeneration via in vitro and in vivo TBI models. Intranasal administration of WNT3A protein to TBI mice increased NeuN+ cells compared to control mice as well as retained motor function based on behavior analysis. Since TBI is known to reprogram the epigenome, chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing of histone H3K27ac and H3K4me3 was performed to address the transcriptional regulation of WNT3A during neuronal regeneration. We predicted, characterized and proposed that a histone H3K4me1-marked enhancer may undergo topological transformation to regulate the WNT3A gene expression.
Deep learning-based methods for individual recognition in small birds
Authors: Ferreira André C. , Silva Liliana R. , Renna Francesco , Brandl Hanja B. , Renoult Julien P. , Farine Damien R. , Covas Rita , Doutrelant Claire 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIndividual identification is a crucial step to answer many questions in evolutionary biology and is mostly performed by marking animals with tags. Such methods are well established but often make data collection and analyses time consuming and consequently are not suited for collecting very large datasets.Recent technological and analytical advances, such as deep learning, can help overcome these limitations by automatizing data collection and analysis. Currently one of the bottlenecks preventing the application of deep learning for individual identification is the need of hundreds to thousands of labelled pictures required for training convolutional neural networks (CNNs).Here, we describe procedures that improve data collection and allow individual identification in captive and wild birds and we apply it to three small bird species, the sociable weaver Philetairus socius, the great tit Parus major and the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata.First, we present an automated method that allows the collection of large samples of individually labelled images. Second, we describe how to train a CNN to identify individuals. Third, we illustrate the general applicability of CNN for individual identification in animal studies by showing that the trained CNN can predict the identity of birds from images collected in contexts that differ from the ones originally used to train the CNNs. Fourth, we present a potential solution to solve the issues of new incoming individuals.Overall our work demonstrates the feasibility of applying state-of-the-art deep learning tools for individual identification of birds, both in the lab and in the wild. These techniques are made possible by our approaches that allow efficient collection of training data. The ability to conduct individual identification of birds without requiring external markers that can be visually identified by human observers represents a major advance over current methods.
Comparing the prioritisation of items and feature-dimensions in visual working memory
Authors: Hajonides Jasper E. , van Ede Freek , Stokes Mark G. , Nobre Anna C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSelective attention can be directed not only to external sensory inputs, but also to internal sensory representations held within visual working memory (VWM). To date, this has been studied predominantly following retrospective cues directing attention to particular items, or their locations in memory. In addition to item-level attentional prioritisation, recent studies have shown that selectively attending to feature dimensions in VWM can also improve memory recall performance. However, no study to date has directly compared item-based and feature-based attention in VWM, nor their neural bases. Here, we compared the benefits of retrospective cues (retro-cues) that were directed either at a multi-feature item or at a feature-dimension that was shared between two spatially segregated items. Behavioural results revealed qualitatively similar attentional benefits in both recall accuracy and response time, but also showed that cueing benefits were larger following item cues. Concurrent EEG measurements further revealed a similar attenuation of posterior alpha oscillations following both item and feature retro-cues when compared to non-informative, neutral retro-cues. We argue that attention can act flexibly to prioritise the most relevant information – at either the item or the feature-level – to optimise ensuing memory-based task performance, and we discuss the implications of the observed commonalities and differences between item-level and feature-level prioritisation in VWM.