bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus Seasonality, Respiratory Infections and Weather
Authors: Nichols Gordon L. , Gillingham Emma , Macintyre Helen , Vardoulakis Sotiris , Hajat Shakoor , Sarran Christophe , Amankwaah David , Phalkey Revati 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The survival of coronaviruses are influenced by weather conditions and seasonal coronaviruses are more common in winter months. We examine the seasonality of respiratory infections in England and Wales and the associations between weather parameters and seasonal coronavirus cases.Results: The seasonal distribution of 985,524 respiratory infections in England and Wales (1989-2019) showed coronavirus infections had a similar seasonal distribution to influenza A and bocavirus, with a winter peak between weeks 2-8. Seasonal coronaviruses from 2012 to 2019 were compared to weather parameters for the 28-day average before the patient’s specimen date. Ninety percent of infections occurred where the daily mean ambient temperatures were below 10oC; where daily average global radiation exceeded 500kJ/m2/hour; where sunshine was less than 5 hours per day; or where relative humidity was above 80%. Coronavirus infections were significantly more common where daily average global radiation was under 300 kJ/m2/hour (OR 4.3; CI 3.9-4.6; p<0.001); where average relative humidity was over 84% (OR 1.9; CI 3.9-4.6; p<0.001); where average air temperature was below 10oC (OR 6.7; CI 6.1-7.3; p<0.001) or where sunshine was below 4 hours (OR 2.4; CI 2.2-2.6; p<0.001) when compared to the distribution of weather values for the same time period. Seasonal coronavirus infections in children under three years old were more frequent at the start of an annual epidemic than at the end, suggesting that the size of the susceptible child population may be important in the annual cycle. Conclusions: The dynamics of seasonal coronaviruses reflect immunological, weather, social and travel drivers of infection. Evidence from studies on different coronaviruses suggest that low temperature and low radiation/sunlight favour survival. This implies a seasonal increase in SARS-CoV-2 may occur in the UK and countries with a similar climate as a result of an increase in the R0 associated with reduced temperatures and solar radiation. Increased measures to reduce transmission will need to be introduced in winter months for COVID-19.
COVID-19 may Exacerbate the Clinical, Structural and Psychological Barriers to Retention in Care Among Women Living with HIV in Rural and Peri-Urban Settings in Uganda
Authors: Nalubega Sylivia , Kyenkya Joshua , Bagaya Irene , Nabukenya Sylvia , Ssewankambo Nelson , Nakanjako Damalie , Kiragga Agnes. N. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Retention of pregnant and breastfeeding women and their infants in HIV care still remains low in Uganda yet it is critical in achieving elimination of mother to child transmission of HIV. A research program was undertaken to locate disengaged HIV positive women on Option B+ and supported them to reengage in care. A one year follow up done following the tracing revealed that some women still disengaged from care. We aimed to establish the barriers to and facilitators for reengagement in care among previously traced women on option B+, and how these could have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a cross sectional qualitative study using individual interviews conducted in June and July, 2020, a period when the COVID-19 response measures such as lockdown and restrictions on transport were being observed in Uganda. Study participants were drawn from nine peri-urban and rural public healthcare facilities. Purposive sampling was used to select women still engaged in and those who disengaged from care approximately after one year since they were last contacted. Data was analysed using the content analysis approach. Results: Seventeen participants were included. Women reported various barriers that affected their reengagement and retention in care during the COVID-19 pandemic. These included structural barriers such as transport difficulties and financial constraints; clinical barriers which included unsupportive healthcare workers, short supply of drugs, clinic delays, lack of privacy and medicine side effects; and psychosocial barriers such as perceived or experienced stigma and non-disclosure of HIV sero-status. Supportive structures such as family, community-based medicine distribution models, and a friendly healthcare environment were key facilitators to retention in care among this group. The COVID-19 pandemic was reported to exacerbate the barriers to retention in care. Conclusions: Women previously at risk of disengagement may have more chances of dropping out from care during the COVID-19. We recommend community-based models such as drop out centres, peer facilitated distribution and community outreaches as alternative measures for access to ART during the COVID-19 and other pandemics that spread through close contact.
The Role of Pirfenidone in the Treatment of Interstitial Pneumonia With Autoimmune Features
Authors: Chen Tao , Li Qiu-Hong , Zhang Yuan , Yin Cheng-Sheng , Weng Dong , Zhou Ying , Hu Yang , Shi Jing-Yun , Chen Ya-Nan , Ye Shuang , Wang Xiao-Dong , Wu Chun-Yan , Huang Yan , Zhang Ai-Hong , Li Huiping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Rationale: No approved pharmacotherapies are available for patients with interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF). Objective: In the present work, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone for the treatment of IPAF.Methods: A retrospective cohort study consisting of patients who met diagnostic criteria for IPAF was performed after a multidisciplinary review, and the patients receiving pirfenidone were compared with those in the non-pirfenidone group. The baseline data and diagnostic characteristics of patients were assessed. Pulmonary function and prednisone dose were analyzed by a mix-effects model.Results: A total of 184 patients, who met the diagnostic criteria of IPAF, were divided into two groups: pirfenidone group (n=81) and non-pirfenidone group (n=103). Patients in the pirfenidone group had a lower forced vital capacity (FVC%, P< 0.001) and a lower diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO%, P=0.003). The pirfenidone group exhibited a greater increase of FVC% at 6 (P=0.003), 12 (P=0.013), and 24 (P=0.003) months. After adjustment for sex, age, UIP pattern, baseline FVC% and DLCO%, patients in the pirfenidone group continued to show a greater improvement in FVC% (χ2 (1) =4.59, P=0.032). Subgroup analysis identified superior therapeutic effects of pirfenidone in patients with dosage > 600 mg/day (P = 0.010) and medication course > 12 months (P = 0.007). Besides, the pirfenidone group had a lower prednisone dose than the non-pirfenidone group after 12 months of treatment (P=0.002). Moreover, 17 patients (19.32%) experienced side effects after taking pirfenidone, including one case of anaphylactic shock.Conclusions: Pirfenidone (600-1,800 mg/day) might help improve FVC, with an acceptable safety and tolerability profile in IPAF patients.
Postoperative Air Leaks with Prompt Improvement of Low Suction on Digital Drainage Devices: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mitsui Suguru , Tauchi Shunsuke , Uchida Takahiro , Ohnishi Hisashi , Shimokawa Toshio , Tobe Satoshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The aim was to investigate the most effective suction pressure for preventing or promptly improving postoperative air leaks.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the postoperative data of 242 patients who were monitored with a digital drainage system after pulmonary resection between December 2017 and June 2020. We divided the patients into 3 of group by suction pressure, A (Low-pressure suction group: -5 cm H₂O), B (Intermediate-pressure group: -10 cm H₂O), C (High-pressure suction group: -20 cm H₂O). Duration of air leaks, duration of chest tube replacement, the amount of postoperative air leak, fluid volume drained before chest tube removal, and the maximum amount of air leaks during drainage were evaluated.Results: A total 217 patients were included. In the order of A, B, and C groups, duration of air leaks gradually decreased and significant trend was observed (p=0.019). Duration of chest tube replacement did not significantly differ among the three groups (p=0.126). The amount of postoperative air leak just after surgery did not significantly differ among the three groups (p=0.175), however, the amount of postoperative day 1 air leak gradually decreased with statistical significance in order of A, B, and C groups (p=0.033). The maximum amount of air leaks during drainage gradually decreased in order of A, B and C groups (p=0.036). Fluid volume drained before chest tube removal did not significantly differ among the three groups (p=0.986).Conclusion: Low-pressure suction after pulmonary resection would be useful for preventing or promptly improving postoperative air leaks.
The Effect of Early Vasopressin Use on Patients With Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Haijun , Wu Chenxia , Shen Qinkang , Xu Hua , Fang Yixin , Mao Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The effect of early vasopressin initiation on clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock is uncertain. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of early start of vasopressin support within 6 hours after the diagnosis on clinical outcomes in septic shock patients.Methods: We searched the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies from inception to the 1st of October 2020. We included studies involving adult patients (> 16 years)with septic shock. All authors reported our primary outcome of short-term mortality and in the experimental group patients in the studies receiving vasopressin infusion within 6 hours after diagnosis of septic shock and in the control group patients in the studies receiving no vasopressin infusion or vasopressin infusion 6 hours after diagnosis of septic shock, clearly comparing with clinically relevant secondary outcomes(use of renal replacement therapy(RRT),new onset arrhythmias, ICU length of stay and length of hospitalization). Results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with accompanying 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: Five studies including 788 patients were included. The primary outcome of this meta-analysis showed that short-term mortality between the two groups was no difference (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.8 to 1.48; P =0.6; χ2 =0.83; I2 = 0%). Secondary outcomes demonstrated that the use of RRT was less in the experimental group than that of the control group (OR =0.63; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.88; P =0.007; χ2 =3.15; I2 =36%).The new onset arrhythmias between the two groups was no statistically significant difference (OR =0.59; 95% CI, 0.31 to 1.1; P =0.10; χ2 =4.7; I2 =36%). There was no statistically significant difference in the ICU length of stay(mean difference = 0.16; 95% CI, - 0.91 to 1.22; P = 0.77; χ2 = 6.08; I2 =34%) and length of hospitalization (mean difference = -2.41; 95% CI, -6.61 to 1.78; P = 0.26; χ2 = 8.57; I2 =53%) between the two groups.Conclusions: Early initiation of vasopressin in patients within 6 hours of septic shock onset was not associated with decreased short-term mortality, new onset arrhythmias, shorter ICU length of stay and length of hospitalization, but can reduce the use of RRT. Further large-scale RCTs are still needed to evaluate the benefit of starting vasopressin in the early phase of septic shock.
Nebulization Therapy for COVID-19 Pneumonia with Embryonic Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosomes
Authors: Chu Meiping , Wang Hao , Bian Linjie , Huang Jiehui , Wu Danping , Fei Fangli , Zhang Ruiting , Chen Yigang , Xia Jiazeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Scientist have been facing numerous challenges in the development of an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. Several studies have suggested that improving patient immunity and reducing lung injury induced by COVID -19 could be effective in treating the patients with COVID-19. Methods: A pilot trial of nebulization therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia with exosomes of MSCs was performed on seven patients with COVID-19 infected pneumonia. Exosomes were collected and purified from secretion of MSCs using multiple ultrafiltration. All patients was treated with nebulization of MSC-derived exosomes. The primary safety and efficacy outcome were observed.Results: Our clinical study demonstrated that nebulization mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)-derived exosomes is a novel method that could be utilized in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. Nebulization of MSC-derived exosomes did not induce acute allergic and secondary allergic reactions. It could promote the absorption of pulmonary lesions, and reduce the time of hospitalization for minor cases of COVID-19 pneumonia.Conclusions: Nebulization of MSC-derived exosomes is a safe, effective, and simple method. Nebulization of MSC-derived exosomes from the beginning of the treatment could be more beneficial to the patients. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000030261. Registered on 26 February 2020.
Addressing the Liver Progenitor Cell Response and Hepatic Oxidative Stress in Experimental Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Using Amniotic Epithelial Cells
Authors: Goonetilleke Mihiri , Kuk Nathan , Correia Jeanne , Hodge Alex , Moore Gregory , Gantier Michael , Yeoh George , Sievert William , Lim Rebecca 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most common liver disease globally and can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, patient education and lifestyle changes are the major tools to prevent the continuous progression of NASH. Emerging therapies in NASH target known pathological processes involved in the progression of the disease including inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) were previously shown to be beneficial in experimental models of chronic liver injury, reducing hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that the interaction between liver progenitor cells (LPCs) plays a significant role in the development of fibrosis and HCC in mouse models of fatty liver disease. In this study, we examined the effect hAECs have on the LPC response and hepatic oxidative stress in an experimental model of NASH.Methods: Experimental NASH was induced in C57BL/6J male mice using a high-fat, high fructose diet for 42 weeks. Mice received either a single intraperitoneal injection of 2 × 106 hAECs at week 34 or an additional hAEC dose at week 38. Changes to the LPC response and oxidative stress regulators were measured.Results: hAEC administration significantly reduced the expansion of LPCs and their mitogens, IL-6, IFNγ and TWEAK. hAEC administration also reduced neutrophil infiltration and myeloperoxidase production with a concurrent increase in heme oxygenase-1 production. These observations were accompanied by a significant increase in total levels of anti-fibrotic IFNb in mice treated with a single dose of hAECs, which appeared to be independent of c-GAS-STING activation.Conclusions: Expansion of liver progenitor cells, hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress associated with experimental NASH were attenuated by hAEC administration. Given that repeated doses did not significantly increase efficacy, future studies assessing the impact of dose escalation and/or timing of dose may provide insights into clinical translation.
Acute methadone poisoning in children: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Udaltsov M. A. , Pshenisnov K. V. , Аleksandrovich Yu. S. , Kaziakhmedov V. A. 
Published: November 2020

Methadone poisoning is one of the most common causes of unfavorable outcomes in children.The objective is to identify specific parameters of the course and intensive care for methadone poisoning in children.Subjects and methods. 30 children were examined. The average age made 16 (15‒17) years. The duration of treatment in ICU was 3 (1.5‒4.0) days.Results. The most frequent clinical manifestations of methadone poisoning included coma (40%), acute respiratory failure (70%), low body temperature (57%), and myosis (100%). By the admission, the oxygenation index was 4.5 r.u. 37% of patients had pronounced lactate acidosis. On day 1, the volemic support made 143 (124‒165)% of the estimated fluid demand. 21 (70%) children needed artificial pulmonary ventilation. The negative correlation was established between treatment duration in ICU, Glasgow coma scale (R = -0.41; p < 0.05), Glasgow-Pittsburgh coma scale (R = -0.52; p < 0.05) and urea concentration in blood within the first 24 hours (R = 0.44; p < 0.05).Conclusion. The main criteria determining the severity of the state of patients with acute methadone poisoning include the level of depression of consciousness, the presence of acute respiratory and renal failure.
SURVEI EFIKASI DIRI MAHASISWA PRODI PENDIDIKAN AKUNTANSI PADA MASA PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH
Authors: Septiana Yolandaru 
Published: November 2020

Abstrak: Pembelajaran jarak jauh di era pandemi Covid-19 memberikan kesempatan untuk belajar mandiri dan hasil belajar mahasiswa tetap meningkat. Hasil belajar dapat ditingkatkan salah satunya melalui peningkatan efikasi diri. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efikasi diri mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Akuntansi pada masa pembelajaran jarak jauh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei. Responden penelitian ini adalah 134 mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Akuntansi angkatan 2017-2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian ini adalah proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket yang dikembangkan oleh S Schmitz (2013), terdiri dari 4 komponen yaitu kinerja akademik, pengembangan pengetahuan dan keterampilan, interaksi sosial dengan fakultas, dan mengatasi stres akademik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa efikasi diri mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Akuntansi pada masa pembelajaran jarak jauh adalah baik.Abstract: Distance learning in the Covid-19 pandemic era provides opportunities for independent study and increase learning outcomes. One of the learning outcomes can be improved by increasing self-efficacy. This study aims to determine the self-efficacy of Accounting Education Study Program students during distance learning. This research is survey research. The respondents of this study were 134 students of the Accounting Education Study Program class of 2017-2019. The sampling technique for this research was a proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The instrument used was a questionnaire developed by S Schmitz (2013), consists of 4 components, namely academic performance, development of knowledge and skills, social interaction with faculty, and coping with academic stress. The results of this study indicate that the self-efficacy of the Accounting Education Study Program students during distance learning is good.
Total maxillary arch distalization by using headgear in an adult patient:
Authors: Li Chenshuang , Sfogliano Luca , Jiang Wenlu , Lee Haofu , Zheng Zhong , Chung Chun-Hsi , Jones John 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Although headgear is rarely used in adult patients, its use in adults is mainly for anchorage control. In the current case report, a 24-year-old patient had a skeletal Class I relationship with a Class II tendency, brachyfacial pattern, significant facial asymmetry, and dental 3/4 cusp Class II molar and canine relationships on both sides. The patient declined surgery, and facial asymmetry was not his concern. The final treatment goal was to achieve a stable Class I dental relationship and normal occlusion without significantly compromising the patient's profile. The patient was compliant with the use of cervical-pull headgear after he refused the options of orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment, maxillary premolar extraction, or temporary skeletal anchorage mini-implants. A 5-mm maxillary arch distal movement was accomplished without significant distal tipping of the molar crowns. The active treatment duration was 31 months. Proper overbite and overjet, balanced occlusion, and an acceptable facial profile were achieved. The treatment results inspire reconsideration of the possibility of using headgear in dental Class II correction in adult patients.
Vitamin and mineral levels in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Palaz Mehmet , Civan Hasret AyyÄ±ldÄ±z , YÄ±lmaz Semra 
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the vitamin and mineral values of the patients followed up in the Child Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic with the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder to healthy controls in the same age group and to investigate whether vitamin-mineral values were related to autism weight (CARS score).Between September 2017 and September 2018, we worked at Bak?rköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital Children and Adolescent Mental Health and Diseases outpatient clinic with autism spectrum disorder patients with childhood autism assessment scale (CARS) was weighted. Age, gender, height, weight, blood Iron, Vitamin B12, Folate and 25 (OH) Vitamin D levels of all patients included in the study were recorded. Mann-Whitney U, Pearson chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the data. In this study, 108 patients with ASD were compared with 115 normal cases. There was no statistically significant decrease in Vitamin B12, Folate, Iron and Vitamin D levels in patients with ASD compared to normal patients. According to CARS score, there was no statistically significant difference in vitamin B12, Folate, Iron and Vitamin D levels in children with mild and severe ASD. In our study, it was concluded that vitamin B12, Folate, Iron and Vitamin D levels in children with ASD were not lower than healthy children, and there was no difference between mild and severe cases according to CARS score.