bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of association between angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers and pain improvement in patients with oral cancer
Authors: Du K.N. , Shepherd A.J. , Ma I.V. , Roldan C.J. , Amit M. , Feng L. , Desai S. , Cata Juan P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing body of literature implicating angiotensin II in the modulation of tumor associated inflammation and pain. However, the impact of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) on this pathway has not yet been studied in oral cancers. Our objective is to investigate the role of ACEi and ARB pharmacotherapy on preoperative pain and inflammatory biomarkers, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), in patients with oral cancer.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study on patients who underwent oral cancer surgery. Wilcoxon rank sum test or Kruskal-Wallis analysis were used to evaluate differences in demographic, tumor-related, and preoperative characteristics and among patients using ARBs, ACEis, and no treatment. Multivariable analysis was fitted to estimate the effects of important covariates on severe preoperative pain.Results162 patients with oral malignancies were included in the study. After adjusting for significant covariates, patients with perineural invasion were found to have higher levels of pain (p = 0.0278). Likewise, patients taking ARBs were found to have lower levels of perineural invasion (p = 0.035). Our analysis did not demonstrate a significant difference in pain levels when comparing ARBs or ACEis to the no treatment group (p= 0.250). Furthermore, ARB or ACEi use did not significantly alter preoperative NLR (p = 0.701) or MLR (p = 0.869).ConclusionsWhen compared to no treatment, ARBs and ACEis are not associated with significant analgesic effect or decreased inflammatory scores (NLR, MLR).
Mental Health Impact of COVID-19: A global study of risk and resilience factors
Authors: Płomecka Martyna Beata , Gobbi Susanna , Neckels Rachael , Radziński Piotr , Skórko Beata , Lazzeri Samuel , Almazidou Kristina , Dedić Alisa , Bakalović Asja , Hrustić Lejla , Ashraf Zainab , Es haghi Sarvin , Rodríguez-Pino Luis , Waller Verena , Jabeen Hafsa , Alp A. Beyza , Behnam Mehdi A , Shibli Dana , Barańczuk-Turska Zofia , Haq Zeeshan , Qureshi Salah U , Strutt Adriana M. , Jawaid Ali 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study anonymously screened 13,332 individuals worldwide for psychological symptoms related to Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from March 29th to April 14th, 2020. A total of n=12,817 responses were considered valid with responses from 12 featured countries and five WHO regions. Female gender, pre-existing psychiatric condition, and prior exposure to trauma were identified as notable risk factors, whereas optimism, ability to share concerns with family and friends like usual, positive prediction about COVID-19, and daily exercise predicted fewer psychological symptoms. These results could aid in dynamic optimization of mental health services during and following COVID-19 pandemic.
Indian community’s Knowledge, Attitude & Practice towards COVID-19
Authors: Tomar Balvir Singh , Singh Pratima , Suman Supriya , Raj Preeti , Nathiya Deepak , Tripathi Sandeep , Chauhan Dushyant Singh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented human health consequences. Knowledge, attitude, perception of general population of India towards the transmission and prevention plays vital role for effective control measures. The study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the general public of India on COVID-19. In this study, a web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between 10th March to 18th April 2020. A 19-item questionnaire was generated, Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure the internal consistency of the questionnaire & randomly distributed among the public using Google forms through social media networks. The chi-square test or Fischer exact test was used to compare categorical data and multiple linear regression was used to identify factor influencing KAP. Among 7978 participants, the overall knowledge, attitude and practice score was 80.64%, 97.33% and 93.8% consecutively. Majority of Indian population demonstrated preceded good knowledge, positive attitude and good practice regarding COVID-19 pandemic.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Breast Cancer Survivors (MBSR (BC)): Evaluating Mediators of Psychological and Physical Outcomes in a Large Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lengacher Cecile A. , Gruss L. Forest , Kip Kevin E. , Reich Richard R. , Moscoso Manolete S. , Chauca Katterine G. , Joshi Anisha , Shani Pinky Budhrani , Cousin Lakeshia , Khan Carly Paterson , Goodman Matthew , Park Jong Y. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTMBSR(BC) is known to have a positive impact on psychological and physical symptoms among breast cancer survivors (BCS). However, the cognitive mechanisms of “how” MBSR(BC) works are unknown. The purpose of this study, as part of a larger R01 trial, was to test whether positive effects achieved from the MBSR(BC) program were mediated through changes in increased mindfulness, decreased fear of breast cancer recurrence, and perceived stress. Female BCS >21 years diagnosed with Stage 0-III breast cancer were randomly assigned to a 6-week MBSR(BC) or a Usual Care(UC) regimen. Potential outcome mediators were identified by use of an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), comparing mean values of outcome variables and potential mediating variables followed by mediational and bootstrap analyses. Among 322 BCS (167 MBSR(BC) and 155 UC), fear of recurrence and perceived stress, but not mindfulness, mediated reductions in anxiety and fatigue at weeks 6 and 12, partially supporting our hypothesis of cognitive mechanisms of MBSR(BC).Support:This study was supported by the National Cancer Institute (Award Number 1R01 CA131080-01A2). This work also has been supported in part by the Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, an NCI designated Comprehensive Cancer Center (P30-CA076292). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute or the National Institutes of Health. This study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of South Florida to ensure the ethical treatment of participants.Conflict of Interest:The authors have no conflicts to report.Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.govRegistration Number:NCT01177124
County-level factors influence the trajectory of Covid-19 incidence
Authors: Kranjac Ashley Wendell , Kranjac Dinko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith new cases of Covid-19 surging in the United States, we need to better understand how the spread of novel coronavirus varies across all segments of the population. We use hierarchical exponential growth curve modeling techniques to examine whether community social and economic characteristics uniquely influence the incidence of Covid-19 cases in the urban built environment. We show that, as of May 3, 2020, confirmed coronavirus infections are concentrated along demographic and socioeconomic lines in New York City and surrounding areas, the epicenter of the Covid-19 pandemic in the United States. Furthermore, we see evidence that, after the onset of the pandemic, timely enactment of physical distancing measures such as school closures is imperative in order to limit the extent of the coronavirus spread in the population. Public health authorities must impose nonpharmaceutical measures early on in the pandemic and consider community-level factors that associate with a greater risk of viral transmission.
Are Vapers More Susceptible to COVID-19 Infection?
Authors: Li Dongmei , Croft Daniel P. , Ossip Deborah J. , Xie Zidian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a global pandemic in March 2020. Electronic cigarette use (vaping) rapidly gained popularity in the US in recent years. Whether electronic cigarette users (vapers) are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection is unknown.MethodsUsing integrated data in each US state from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), United States Census Bureau and the 1Point3Acres.com website, generalized estimating equation (GEE) models with negative binomial distribution assumption and log link functions were used to examine the association of weighted proportions of vapers with number of COVID-19 infections and deaths in the US.ResultsThe weighted proportion of vapers who used e-cigarettes every day or some days ranged from 2.86% to 6.42% for US states. Statistically significant associations were observed between the weighted proportion of vapers and number of COVID-19 infected cases as well as COVID-19 deaths in the US after adjusting for the weighted proportion of smokers and other significant covariates in the GEE models. With every one percent increase in weighted proportion of vapers in each state, the number of COVID-19 infected cases increase by 0.3139 (95% CI: 0.0554 –0.5723) and the number of COVID-19 deaths increase by 0.3705 (95% CI: 0.0623 – 0.6786) in log scale in each US state.ConclusionsThe positive associations between the proportion of vapers and the number of COVID-19 infected cases and deaths in each US state suggest an increased susceptibility of vapers to COVID-19 infections and deaths.
Studies of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Global Analysis of Literature
Authors: Tran Bach Xuan , Ha Giang Hai , Nguyen Long Hoang , Vu Giang Thu , Phan Hai Thanh , Le Huong Thi , Latkin Carl A. , Ho Cyrus S.H. , Ho Roger C.M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn exponential growth of literature about novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been observed in the last few months. This textual analysis of 5,780 publications extracted from the Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus databases was performed to explore the current research focuses and propose further research agenda. The Latent Dirichlet allocation was used for topic modeling. Regression analysis was conducted to examine country variations in the research focuses. Results indicated that publications were mainly contributed by the United States, China, and European countries. Guidelines for emergency care and surgical, viral pathogenesis, and global responses in the COVID-19 pandemic were the most common topics. There was variation in the research approaches to mitigate COVID-19 problems in countries with different income and transmission levels. Findings highlighted the need for global research collaboration among high- and low/middle-income countries in the different stages of prevention and control the pandemic.
SARS-CoV-2 proteins exploit host’s genetic and epigenetic mediators for the annexation of key host signaling pathways that confers its immune evasion and disease pathophysiology
Authors: Khan Md. Abdullah-Al-Kamran , Islam Abul Bashar Mir Md. Khademul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe constant rise of the death toll and cases of COVID-19 has made this pandemic a serious threat to human civilization. Understanding of host-SARS-CoV-2 interaction in viral pathogenesis is still in its infancy. In this study we aimed to correlate how SARS-CoV-2 utilizes its proteins for tackling the host immune response; parallelly, how host epigenetic factors might play a role in this pathogenesis was also investigated. We have utilized a blend of computational and knowledgebase approach to elucidate the interplay between host and SARS-CoV-2. Integrating the experimentally validated host interactome proteins and differentially expressed host genes due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we have taken a blend of computational and knowledgebase approach to delineate the interplay between host and SARS-CoV-2 in various signaling pathways. Also, we have shown how host epigenetic factors are involved in the deregulation of gene expression. Strikingly, we have found that several transcription factors and other epigenetic factors can modulate some immune signaling pathways, helping both host and virus. We have identified miRNA hsa-miR-429 whose transcription factor was also upregulated and targets were downregulated and this miRNA can have pivotal role in suppression of host immune responses. While searching for the pathways in which viral proteins interact with host proteins, we have found pathways like-HIF-1 signaling, autophagy, RIG-I signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, Fatty acid oxidation/degradation, Il-17 signaling etc significantly associated. We observed that these pathways can be either hijacked or suppressed by the viral proteins, leading to the improved viral survival and life-cycle. Moreover, pathways like-Relaxin signaling in lungs suggests aberration by the viral proteins might lead to the lung pathophysiology found in COVID-19. Also, enrichment analyses suggest that deregulated genes in SARS-CoV-2 infection are involved in heart development, kidney development, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications etc. might suggest why patients with comorbidities are becoming more prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 integrates its proteins in different immune signaling pathway and other cellular signaling pathways for developing efficient immune evasion mechanisms, while leading the host to more complicated disease condition. Our findings would help in designing more targeted therapeutic interventions against SARS-CoV-2.
The transcriptomic profiling of COVID-19 compared to SARS, MERS, Ebola, and H1N1
Authors: Alsamman Alsamman M. , Zayed Hatem 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis that threatens our way of life. As of April 29, 2020, COVID-19 has claimed more than 200,000 lives, with a global mortality rate of ~7% and recovery rate of ~30%. Understanding the interaction of cellular targets to the SARS-CoV2 infection is crucial for therapeutic development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of transcriptomic signatures of infection of COVID-19 compared to different respiratory viruses (Ebola, H1N1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV), to determine unique anti-COVID1-19 gene signature. We identified for the first time molecular pathways for Heparin-binding, RAGE, miRNA, and PLA2 inhibitors, to be associated with SARS-CoV2 infection. TheNRCAMandSAA2that are involved in severe inflammatory response, andFGF1andFOXO1genes, which are associated with immune regulation, were found to be associated with a cellular gene response to COVID-19 infection. Moreover, several cytokines, most significantly theIL-8,IL-6, demonstrated key associations with COVID-19 infection. Interestingly, the only response gene that was shared between the five viral infections wasSERPINB1. The PPI study sheds light on genes with high interaction activity that COVID-19 shares with other viral infections. The findings showed that the genetic pathways associated with Rheumatoid arthritis, AGE-RAGE signaling system, Malaria, Hepatitis B, and Influenza A were of high significance. We found that the virogenomic transcriptome of infection, gene modulation of host antiviral responses, and GO terms of both COVID-19 and Ebola are more similar compared to SARS, H1N1, and MERS. This work compares the virogenomic signatures of highly pathogenic viruses and provides valid targets for potential therapy against COVID-19.
Myocardial characteristics as the prognosis for COVID-19 patients
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Ding Daoyin , Cao Can , Zhang Jinhui , Huang Xing , Fu Peiwen , Liang Guoxin , Xu Wenrong , Tao Zhimin 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundAmid the crisis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), front-line clinicians in collaboration with backstage medical researchers analyzed clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients and reported the prognosis using myocardial data records upon hospitalization.MethodsWe reported 135 cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted in The First People’s Hospital of Jiangxia District in Wuhan, China. Demographic data, medical history, and laboratory parameters were taken from inpatient records and compared between patients at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and non-ICU isolation wards for prognosis on disease severity. In particular, survivors and non-survivors upon ICU admission were compared for prognosis on disease mortality.ResultsFor COVID-19 patients, blood test results showed more significantly deranged values in the ICU group than those in non-ICU. Among those parameters for ICU patients, myocardial variables including troponin T, creatine kinase isoenzymes, myoglobin, were found significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors.ConclusionsUpon hospitalization abnormal myocardial metabolism in COVID-19 patients could be prognostic indicators of a worsened outcome for disease severity and mortality.
Optimal upper respiratory tract sampling time for novel coronavirus pneumonia suspects
Authors: Zhou Jing , Chen Lin , Zhang Dehe , Chen Haijun , Sheng Qiyue , Deng Hongsheng , Zhang Yang , Ni Shunlan , Luo Shengnan , Ren Binbin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveExplore best upper respiratory tract sampling time of suspected novel coronavirus pneumonia cases.MethodsWe collected dates of patients from Hangzhou, Shenzhen, Jinhua city and so on who had the clear exposure history of a novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19). We retrospected demographic data, exposure time, onset time, visiting time and positive time for novel coronavirus nucleic acid detection in respiratory specimens. There were 256 patients from January 20,2020-February 12,2020 from eight cities included in our study. 106 cases appeared symptoms before January 25th and 150 after.ResultsThere were 136(53.1%)male infected cases. The mean age of all patients was 43.80±14.85. The median time from exposure to onset was 5(3,8) days. The median time of the first time of positive nucleic acid detection was 11(9,14)days and mode number was 13. The median time from onset to the first time of positive nucleic acid detection was 6(4,8)days and mode number was 5. The time from onset to definite diagnosis was 5(3,7) days before January 25th while it was 7.5(5,10)days after which was significantly shorter before January 25th(U=3885.5,P<0.001). The time from exposure to definite diagnosis was 11(9,14)days and 11(9,14)days before January 25th and after and without significant difference. The time from exposure to definite diagnosis was 11(9,13)days in first-tier cities and 13(11,15)days in second and third-tier cities. The difference was significantly shorter of first-tier cities(U=1355.5, P=0.039). And also the time was short from visiting to definite diagnosis which was 2(2,3)days in first-tier cities and 3(2,4)days in second and third-tier cities but without significant difference(U=842.5, P=0.054).ConclusionsFrom our study we found that the best upper respiratory tract sampling time for novel coronavirus pneumonia suspects was 13days after exposure. The time from onset to definite diagnosis was shorter after January 25th. The patients were diagnosed faster in the first-tier cities after exposure.
PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR CLINICAL COURSE OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: PROTOCOL FOR A RAPID LIVING SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Rocha-Filho César Ramos , Pinto Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes , Rocha Aline Pereira da , Milby Keilla Martins , de Assis Reis Felipe Sebastião , Civile Vinicius Tassoni , Junior Nelson Carvas , Santos Rodolfo Rodrigo Pereira , Ramalho Gabriel Sodré , Trevisani Giulia Fernandes Moça , Ferla Laura Jantsch , Puga Maria Eduarda dos Santos , Trevisani Virgínia Fernandes Moça , Atallah Alvaro Nagib 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTCONTEXT AND OBJECTIVEDetermining prognostic factors in a context of health crises such as the COVID-19 scenario may provide the best possible care for patients and optimize the management and the resource utilization of the health system. Thus, we aim to systematically review the prognostic factors for different outcomes of patients with COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING: Protocol for a rapid living systematic review methodology following the recommendations proposed by the Cochrane Handbook. METHODS: We will include cohorts and case-control studies. We will search Medline via PubMed, Embase via Elsevier, Cochrane Library - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Portal Regional BVS-LILACS, Scopus and WebofScience to identify studies. No language restrictions will be applied. We will perform the critical appraisal of included studies with the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool and the certainty of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).
Preexisting Comorbidities Predicting Severe Covid-19 in Older Adults in the UK Biobank Community Cohort
Authors: Atkins Janice L , Masoli Jane AH , Delgado Joao , Pilling Luke C , Kuo Chia-Ling , Kuchel George A , Melzer David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundOlder COVID-19 hospitalized patients frequently have hypertension, diabetes or coronary heart disease (CHD), but whether these are more common than in the population is unclear. During the initial epidemic in England, virus testing for older adults was restricted to symptomatic hospitalized patients. We aimed to estimate associations between pre-existing diagnoses and COVID-19 status, in a large community cohort.MethodsUK Biobank (England) participants assessed 2006 to 2010, followed in hospital discharge records to 2017. Demographic and pre-existing common diagnoses association tested with COVID-19 status (16th March to 14th April 2020) in logistic models, adjusted for demographics, study site and other diagnoses.ResultsThere were 274,356 participants aged 65+, including 448 (0.16%) hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Common co-morbidities in patients were hypertension (58.5%), coronary heart disease (CHD, 21.1%), history of fall or fragility fractures (30.6%), and type 2 diabetes (19.6%). However, in adjusted models, COVID-19 patients were more likely than other participants to have pre-existing dementia (OR=3.07 95% CI 1.71 to 5.50), COPD (OR= 1.82 CI 1.33 to 2.49), depression (OR=1.81 CI 1.36 to 2.40), type 2 diabetes (OR=1.70 CI 1.30 to 2.21), chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation. Hypertension was modestly associated (OR=1.29 CI 1.04 to 1.59), but CHD (OR=0.92 CI 0.71 to 1.20) prevalence was similar in COVID-19 patients and other participants.ConclusionSpecific co-morbidities are disproportionally common in older adults who develop severe COVID-19. Tailored interventions may be needed, as these results do not support simple age-based targeting to prevent severe COVID-19 infection.