bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation and evaluation of an oral health education programme for caregivers in nursing homes
Authors: Konstantopoulou Kalliopi , Kossioni Anastassia , Karkazis Hercules , Polyzois Gregory 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThe aim was the design, implementation, and evaluation of an oral health education program for nursing home caregivers.Methods and resultsFifty‐five formal caregivers working in the three units of a nursing home were allocated to either a control (n = 27) or an intervention group (n = 28). A knowledge and attitudes questionnaire about oral health was developed and completed by the caregivers. Then, an education program about oral heath in older people was applied to the intervention group, and the completion of the questionnaire was repeated by both the intervention and control groups. Two months after the intervention, the questionnaire was completed again by the intervention group. Within groups analyses revealed a statistically significant increase in knowledge and attitudes only in the intervention group after the implementation of the education program (P < .001). Between‐group analyses showed that the total knowledge and attitudes score in the intervention group were statistically significantly higher than in the control group (P < .001 and P = .02, respectively). In the intervention group, knowledge and attitudes were maintained in the measurement recorded 2 months later (P = .11 and P = .21, respectively).ConclusionThe education program was effective in improving the caregivers’ knowledge and attitudes toward nursing home residents’ oral health and maintaining them 2 months after implementation.
Reading tidal processes where their signature is cryptic: The Maastrichtian meandering channel deposits of the Tremp Formation (Southern Pyrenees, Spain)
Authors: Ghinassi Massimiliano , Oms Oriol , Cosma Marta , Finotello Alvise , Munari Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTidal currents can propagate tens of kilometres landward from the shoreline, forming dense networks of meandering channels, which drain vegetated areas and range in width from tens to hundreds of metres. Sedimentary products of these inland tidal channels are poorly documented in the stratigraphic record, as most studies on tidal processes occurring in inland areas are focused on fluvio‐tidal interaction. The present study contributes to filling this gap, investigating Late Maastrichtian meandering‐channel deposits of the Tremp‐Graus Basin (Southern Pyrenees, Spain). These deposits accumulated in a growth syncline, which allowed the development of a 20 to 30 km wide, 80 to 100 km long, tidal embayment. Sporadic occurrence of poorly‐developed rhythmites and bidirectional currents confirms the occurrence of tidal processes, whereas their local dominance is inferred from several pieces of evidence, including: (i) disproportion between depth of the larger channels and related catchment area; (ii) landward‐accretion of point‐bar bodies; (iii) landward fining of point‐bar bodies, and (iv) reconstruction of palaeo‐flow patterns at the meander bend scale. This work shows that three‐dimensional architectural modelling and reconstruction of bar planform transformation styles can provide a critical contribution to the understanding of tidal control on sedimentation in inland areas.
Applying a holistic hamstring injury prevention approach in elite football: 12 seasons, single club study
Authors: Suarez‐Arrones Luis , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo , Maldonado Rafael A. , Torreno Nacho , Di Salvo Valter , Mendez‐Villanueva Alberto 
Published: December 2020

The aim was to investigate the preventive effect of a complex training program based on holistic hamstring health understanding in elite professional soccer players. This study involved an elite club in Europe and was conducted over 12 seasons. The last 2 seasons were the intervention period, and the others were the control seasons. During the intervention period, players performed a complex program organized into different interventions throughout the week having as a priority the player health. Hamstring injuries, absenteeism, injury rates, and injury burden between the control and intervention seasons were compared using a rate ratio (RR) with 95% CI. Players had a mean exposure of 333.5 ± 18.6 hours per season with no significant differences between the intervention and control seasons. The overall injury rate was 3 times lower during the two intervention seasons than during the previous seasons (P < .01); the match injury rate was 2.7 times lower (P < .01) and the training rate 4.3 times (P < .01). Injury burden was almost 4 times lower during the two intervention seasons than during the previous seasons (P < .01), and recurrences in the control group were 10% vs 0% in the intervention group. Hamstring injuries were reduced ~3 times during the seasons in which elite football players were exposed to multicomponent, complex prevention training with individual approaches based on player needs, management of training load, individualized physiotherapy treatment, and planned staff communication, in comparison to the control seasons without a clearly defined and structured injury prevention intervention.
The correlations among the skin conductance features responding to physiological stress stimuli
Authors: Bari Dindar S. , Aldosky Haval Y. Yacoob , Tronstad Christian , Martinsen Ørjan G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground/aimThe skin conductance responses (SCRs) are a well‐accepted indicator of physiological arousal for both research purposes and clinical approaches. The shape of SCRs is analyzed by various features. However, the estimation of how much (in %) one feature can explain another is still an open issue. The aim of this study was to assess whether variation in one SCR feature predicts changes in other features.MethodsSkin conductance (SC) was measured during relaxation and mental stress in 40 subjects. SCRs were induced by three external stimuli, which were deep breath, a mental arithmetic, task and a visual task.ResultsThe findings of this study showed that about 55% (R2 = 0.55) of the variation in the half recovery time (SCRs_rec 50%) can be explained by the rise time (SCRs_ris), whereas variation in amplitude of the skin conductance responses (SCRs_amp) and the skin conductance level (SCL) is independent and cannot be explained by the other features, as R2 values obtained from all analyses among these SCR features in average were lower 0.19.ConclusionsThe study results suggest that the two timing phases (SCRs_rec and SCRs_ris) are not completely independent from each other, although they might be governed by different sweating mechanisms (secretion and reabsorption). However, SCRs_amp and SCL were independent. These findings can help in choosing the optimal set of features of an automated system for processing EDA, which reflect the alterations in the activation level generated during an emotional episode.
Knockout of sodium channel Nax delays re‐epithelializathion of splinted murine excisional wounds
Authors: Hou Chun , Dolivo David , Rodrigues Adrian , Li Yingxing , Leung Kai , Galiano Robert , Hong Seok Jong , Mustoe Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMammalian wound healing is a carefully orchestrated process in which many cellular and molecular effectors respond in concert to perturbed tissue homeostasis in order to close the wound and re‐establish the skin barrier. The roles of many of these molecular effectors, however, are not entirely understood. Our lab previously demonstrated that the atypical sodium channel Nax (encoded by Scn7a) responds to wound‐induced epidermal dehydration, resulting in molecular cascades that drive pro‐inflammatory signaling. Acute inhibition of Nax was sufficient to attenuate dermatopathological symptoms in models of hypertrophic scar and dermatitis. To date, however, the role of Nax in excisional wound healing has not been demonstrated. Here we report development of a knockout mouse that lacks expression of functional Nax, and we demonstrate that lack of functional Nax results in deficient wound healing in a murine splinted excisional wound healing model. This deficiency in wound healing was reflected in impaired re‐epithelialization and decreased keratinocyte proliferation, a finding which was further supported by decreased proliferation upon Nax knockdown in HaCaT cells in vitro. Defective wound healing was observed alongside increased expression of inflammatory genes in the wound epidermis of Nax−/− mice, suggesting that mice lacking functional Nax retain the ability to undergo skin inflammation. Our observations here motivate further investigation into the roles of Nax in wound healing and other skin processes.
Factors that sustain Indigenous youth mentoring programs: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Millerick Jade , Barton Elsa , Quinn Donna , Hines Sonia , Lim David 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This qualitative systematic review aims to identify the barriers and enablers to delivering and sustaining Indigenous youth mentoring programs for improving mental health and reducing suicide rates.

Introduction:
The United Nations has called for global action to address Indigenous youth suicide and suicidal behavior. Indigenous youth mentoring programs aimed at improving mental health and reducing suicide rates have been conducted at smaller scales at other sites. Mentoring is culturally appropriate as it empowers communities and aligns with the principles of community, teaching and learning, kinship, and holistic health. There is a gap in the understanding of what the barriers and enablers of mentoring are in addressing Indigenous youth mental health and, ultimately, Indigenous youth suicide.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that include mentoring programs specifically targeted at Indigenous youth mental health and well-being that are based within a community or organization setting.

Methods:
Databases to be searched include CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Embase, as well as grey literature within Trove, OpenGrey, Indigenous HealthInfoNet, and Informit Indigenous Collection. The search will be limited to articles written in English and published from 2007 to the present. Titles and abstracts will be screened by two independent reviewers; full-text studies will be retrieved and assessed against the inclusion criteria. Results will be recorded in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) diagram. Where possible, qualitative research findings will be pooled. Where textual pooling is not possible, the findings will be presented in narrative form.
Effectiveness of Structured Physical Activity Interventions Through the Evaluation of Physical Activity Levels, Adoption, Retention, Maintenance, and Adherence Rates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Willinger Nadja , Steele James , Atkinson Lou , Liguori Gary , Jimenez Alfonso , Mann Steve , Horton Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

Background: Structured physical activity (PA) interventions (ie, intentionally planned) can be implemented in a variety of facilities, and therefore can reach a large proportion of the population. The aim of the authors was to summarize the effectiveness of structured interventions upon PA outcomes, in addition to proportions of individuals adopting and maintaining PA, and adherence and retention rates. Methods: Systematic review with narrative synthesis and exploratory meta-analyses. Twelve studies were included. Results: Effectiveness on PA levels during adoption (pre- to first time point) showed a trivial standardized effect (0.15 [−0.06 to 0.36]); during maintenance (any time point after the first and >6 mo since initiation) the standardized effect was also trivial with a wide interval estimate (0.19 [−0.68 to 1.07]). Few studies reported adoption (k = 3) or maintenance rates (k = 2). Retention at follow-up did not differ between structured PA or controls (75.1% [65.0%–83.0%] vs 75.4% [67.0%–82.3%]), nor did intervention adherence (63.0% [55.6%–69.6%] vs 77.8% [19.4%–98.1%]). Conclusion: Structured PA interventions lack evidence for effectiveness in improving PA levels. Furthermore, though retention is often reported and is similar between interventions and controls, adoption, maintenance, and adherence rates were rarely reported rendering difficulty in interpreting results of effectiveness of structured PA interventions.
Searching for the erosion of empathy in medical undergraduate students: a longitudinal study
Authors: Blanco José Manuel , Caballero Fernando , Álvarez Santiago , Plans Mercedes , Monge Diana 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo analyse the trajectory of empathy throughout the degree programme of medicine in a Spanish school of medicine.DesignLongitudinal, prospective 5-year study, between October 2014 and June 2019.SettingStudents from a Spanish university of medicine.ParticipantsTwo voluntary cohorts of undergraduate medical students from two different school years were invited to participate (n=135 (cohort 1, C1) and 106 (cohort 2, C2) per school year). Finally, a total number of 174 students (102 (C1, 71.6% women) and 72 (C2, 70.8% women) students, respectively) were monitored for 5 years. Each cohort was divided in two subcohorts of paired and unpaired students that were analysed to check possible social desirability bias.Primary outcome measureThe Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE).ResultsThe cohort of 102 students (C1) monitored between their first and fifth years of study (71.6% women) showed an improvement among paired women of 2.15 points in total JSE score (p=0.01) and 2.39 points in cognitive empathy (p=0.01); in the unpaired female cohort the increase was of 2.32 points (cognitive empathy) (p=0.02). The cohort of 72 students (C2) monitored between their second and sixth years of study (70.8% women) displayed a cognitive empathy increase of 2.32 points (p=0.04) in the paired group of women. There were no significant differences between paired and unpaired results for either cohort. Empathy scores among men did not decrease.ConclusionsThe empathy of medical students at our school did not decline along grade years. In fact, it improved slightly, particularly cognitive empathy, among women. This paper contributes to enlarge data from Europe, where longitudinal studies are scarce. It supports the idea that there may be global geo-sociocultural differences; however, more studies comparing different school settings are needed.
Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline on the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension: a cross-sectional analysis of 10 799 individuals
Authors: Alyabsi Mesnad , Gaid Reham , Alqunaibet Ada , Alaskar Ahmed , Mahmud Azra , Alghamdi Jahad 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the effect of the 2017 American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) hypertension guideline on the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension and the initiation of antihypertensive treatment, as well as the level of adherence to the BP target in the Saudi population.DesignA cross-sectional study.ParticipantsA total of 10 799 adults (≥18 years old), with three BP readings during 2017–2020 from the Saudi Biobank was used.Primary outcomeHypertension was defined using three sources: the Joint National Committee 7 Blood Pressure Guideline (JNC-7) guideline (systolic BP (SBP)≥140 or diastolic BP (DBP)≥90 mm Hg), the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline (SBP≥130 or DBP≥80 mm Hg) and a self-reported hypertension diagnosis.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension, according to the JNC-7 guideline, was 14.49% (95% CI 14.37 to 14.61), and the 2017 ACC/AHA, 40.77% (95% CI 40.60 to 40.94), a difference of 26.28%. Antihypertensive medication was recommended for 24.84% (95% CI 24.69 to 24.98) based on the JNC-7 guideline and 27.67% (95% CI 27.52 to 27.82) using the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline. Lifestyle modification was recommended for 13.10% (95% CI 12.47 to 13.74) of patients with hypertension who were not eligible for a pharmacological intervention, based on the 2017 ACA/AHA guideline. For patients with prescribed antihypertensive medication, 49.56% (95% CI 45.50 to 53.64) and 27.81% (95% CI 24.31 to 31.59) presented with a BP reading above the treatment goal, based on the 2017 ACA/AHA and JNC-7 guidelines, respectively. Using the two definitions, the risk factors were older age, male gender, diabetes diagnosis, increased body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio.ConclusionsAccording to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, the prevalence of hypertension has increased significantly, but there was only a small increase in the proportion of patients recommended for antihypertensive treatment. A large proportion of patients with prescribed antihypertensive medication, had a BP above the target. Unless public health prevention efforts are adopted, the increased prevalence of elevated BP and hypertension will increase cardiovascular disease.
First-line treatment with infliximab versus conventional treatment in children with newly diagnosed moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease: an open-label multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jongsma Maria M E , Aardoom Martine A , Cozijnsen Martinus A , van Pieterson Merel , de Meij Tim , Groeneweg Michael , Norbruis Obbe F , Wolters Victorien M , van Wering Herbert M , Hojsak Iva , Kolho Kaija-Leena , Hummel Thalia , Stapelbroek Janneke , van der Feen Cathelijne , van Rheenen Patrick F , van Wijk Michiel P , Teklenburg-Roord Sarah T A , Schreurs Marco W J , Rizopoulos Dimitris , Doukas Michail , Escher Johanna C , Samsom Janneke N , de Ridder Lissy 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveIn newly diagnosed paediatric patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease (CD), infliximab (IFX) is initiated once exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), corticosteroid and immunomodulator therapies have failed. We aimed to investigate whether starting first-line IFX (FL-IFX) is more effective to achieve and maintain remission than conventional treatment.DesignIn this multicentre open-label randomised controlled trial, untreated patients with a new diagnosis of CD (3–17 years old, weighted Paediatric CD Activity Index score (wPCDAI) >40) were assigned to groups that received five infusions of 5 mg/kg IFX at weeks 0, 2, 6, 14 and 22 (FL-IFX), or EEN or oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg, maximum 40 mg) (conventional). The primary outcome was clinical remission on azathioprine, defined as a wPCDAI <12.5 at week 52, without need for treatment escalation, using intention-to-treat analysis.Results100 patients were included, 50 in the FL-IFX group and 50 in the conventional group. Four patients did not receive treatment as per protocol. At week 10, a higher proportion of patients in the FL-IFX group than in the conventional group achieved clinical (59% vs 34%, respectively, p=0.021) and endoscopic remission (59% vs 17%, respectively, p=0.001). At week 52, the proportion of patients in clinical remission was not significantly different (p=0.421). However, 19/46 (41%) patients in the FL-IFX group were in clinical remission on azathioprine monotherapy without need for treatment escalation vs 7/48 (15%) in the conventional group (p=0.004).ConclusionsFL-IFX was superior to conventional treatment in achieving short-term clinical and endoscopic remission, and had greater likelihood of maintaining clinical remission at week 52 on azathioprine monotherapy.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT02517684).
An Empirical Study of Developer Discussions in the Gitter Platform
Authors: Ehsan Osama , Hassan Safwat , Mezouar Mariam El , Zou Ying 
Published: December 2020

Developer chatrooms (e.g., the Gitter platform) are gaining popularity as a communication channel among developers. In developer chatrooms, a developer (
asker
) posts questions and other developers (
respondents
) respond to the posted questions. The interaction between askers and respondents results in a discussion
thread
. Recent studies show that developers use chatrooms to inquire about issues, discuss development ideas, and help each other. However, prior work focuses mainly on analyzing individual messages of a chatroom without analyzing the discussion thread in a chatroom. Developer chatroom discussions are context-sensitive, entangled, and include multiple participants that make it hard to accurately identify threads. Therefore, prior work has limited capability to show the interactions among developers within a chatroom by analyzing only individual messages.

In this article, we perform an in-depth analysis of the Gitter platform (i.e., developer chatrooms) by analyzing 6,605,248 messages of 709 chatrooms. To analyze the characteristics of the posted questions and the impact on the response behavior (e.g., whether the posted questions get responses), we propose an approach that identifies discussion threads in chatrooms with high precision (i.e., 0.81 F-score). Our results show that inactive members responded more often and unique questions take longer discussion time than simple questions. We also find that clear and concise questions are more likely to be responded to than poorly written questions.
We further manually analyze a randomly selected sample of 384 threads to examine how respondents resolve the raised questions. We observe that more than 80% of the studied threads are resolved. Advanced-level/beginner-level questions along with the edited questions are the mostly resolved questions. Our results can help the project maintainers understand the nature of the discussion threads (e.g., the topic trends). Project maintainers can also benefit from our thread identification approach to spot the common repeated threads and use these threads as frequently asked questions (FAQs) to improve the documentation of their projects.
Fladem Brasil: ações de resistência em meio à pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Domingues Glauber Resende , Batista Leonardo Moraes 
Published: December 2020

Este texto pretende apresentar algumas ações de resistência forjadas pela seção brasileira do FLADEM (Foro Latino Americano de Educación Musical), o Fladem Brasil, como medidas para atravessar e resistir à Pandemia de COVID-19 que tem assolado o mundo e, por conseguinte, o Brasil. Na introdução contextualizaremos o que é o FLADEM e como tem sido o enfrentamento à pandemia por intermédio do isolamento social. A primeira parte do texto pretende apresentar a constituição e a realização das lives Fladem Brasil. Já na seção posterior pretendemos explicitar questões acerca do processo de realização das lives pedagógicas e formativas. Na terceira parte traremos alguns desdobramentos destas duas ações que ocorreram no final do primeiro semestre de 2020 e que resultaram no curso “Das pedagogias abertas à práxis escancarada”. Na quarta e última seção discorreremos sobre a última ação do Fladem Brasil, que foi o Seminário Nacional. Ao final procuraremos apontar o que temos como instituição aprendido com este momento de isolamento físico e quais percepções temos em relação a ações futuras do Fladem Brasil acerca do pós-pandemia, que já é hoje.