bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferences and Expectations of Feedback of Individual Genetic Research Results in African Genomics: Views of South African Parents of Children With Neurodevelopmental Conditions
Authors: Matshabane Olivia Precious , Albertus Cleo A , Faure Marlyn C , Ralefala Dimpho , Donald Kirsten A , Wonkam Ambroise , de Vries Jantina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundGenomic medicine is expanding at an exponential pace across the globe and increased access to genome analysis has led to greater generations of genetic results with specific relevance to individuals. AimThis study aims to explore preferences and expectations of feedback of individual genetic research results among parents of children with neurodevelopmental conditions. MethodsFollowing a qualitative approach, we conducted four deliberative focus group discussions with (n=27) South African parents of children involved in genomics research on neurodevelopmental conditions. ResultsMost participants expressed a strong interest in receiving individual genetic results regardless of severity, actionability and preventability. These results were viewed as valuable because they could empower or emancipate individuals, families and communities. Receiving risk information was also believed to motivate healthier lifestyle choices. However, some participants were uncertain or articulated a desire not to receive results due to fears of anxiety or psychological harm. In addition, participants expected to receive results as a demonstration of respect from researchers and articulated it as an act to build trust between researchers and participants. ConclusionsInternationally, a debate continues around whether individual genetic results should or should not be fed back to participants of research studies. In Africa, there is scant literature which has investigated this question and no policies to guide researchers. This study provides a basis of empirical data on perspectives of African participants which could inform work on the development of a consolidated approach to the feedback of incidental findings in the continent.
Pharmacy Club: A Model for Organizing a Regular Forum for Science and Research Communication in Higher Education Institutions in Resource-Limited Settings.
Authors: Alrayah Sahar A , Mahjob Abdelrahim M , Abuelgasim Azza A , Osman Bashier , Ahmed Rehab 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundExtracurricular academic activities such as journal clubs are extremely important for research education, professional development, science communication and discussion. Yet, they are lacking in countries with short and limited resources such as Sudan. Pharmacy club is a platform set to meet some of the need to those activities. The aim of this work is to describe how this club came forth, the activities presented thus far in the club, present feedback from the participants and share some lessons drawn over the years.MethodsWe started Pharmacy Club late in 2012 as a platform where basic and clinical research and other topics related to the field of pharmacy are shared and discussed publicly with everyone interested. We analysed the Pharmacy Club data archive which contains details of the lectures and activities organized from 2012 to 2020. A questionnaire was designed and sent to the participants in November 2019. Analysis and description are performed using Microsoft office excel 2019.ResultsPharmacy Club has organized more than hundred extracurricular lectures through complete voluntary work. Analysis of Pharmacy Club’s archive revealed prominent diversities in many aspects related to the type of topics presented, and presenters’ background, nationalities (12% international presenters), affiliations, and academic qualifications. Questionnaire results highlight the importance of using different advertisement strategies to reach out to the people. Among other reasons that deter folks to participate regularly, timing of the events as expected is the main challenge.ConclusionThere is a need for fora in the third world academic institutions where research and scientific topics could be shared among the like-minded fellows. Pharmacy club is a model of this fora with almost 8 years of voluntary and free service and many lessons can be drawn from its experience.
Information and Communication Technology to enhance Continuing Professional Development (CPD) and Continuing Medical Education (CME) in Rwanda: A Scoping Review of Reviews
Authors: Lune NGENZI Joseph , Scott Richard E. , Mars Maurice 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Access to high quality continuing professional development (CPD) is one of the indicators that healthcare personnel retain competency within the ever-evolving worlds of medicine and health. Most low- and middle-income countries, including Rwanda, have a critical shortage of health personnel and limited access to CPD opportunities. This study scoped the literature using review articles related to the use of information communication technology (ICT) and video conferencing for the delivery of CPD to healthcare professionals. The goal was to inform decision-makers of relevant and suitable approaches for a low-income country such as Rwanda. Methods: PubMed and hand searching was used. Only review articles written in English, published between 2010 and 2019, and reporting the use of ICT for CPD were included. Results: Six review articles were included in this study. Various delivery modes (face to face, pure elearning and blended learning) and technology approaches (Internet-based and non-Internet based) were reported. All types of technology approach enhanced knowledge, skills and attitudes. Pure elearning is comparable to face-to-face delivery and better than ‘no intervention’, and blended learning showed mixed results compared to traditional face-to-face learning. Participant satisfaction was attributed to ease of use, easy access and interactive content. Conclusion: The use of technology to enhance CPD delivery is acceptable with most technology approaches improving knowledge, skills and attitude. For the intervention to work effectively, CPD courses must be well designed: needs-based, based on sound educational theories, interactive, easy to access, and affordable. Participants must possess the required devices and technological literacy.
Global Health Education For Medical Students In Italy&nbsp;
Authors: Civitelli Giulia , Tarsitani Gianfranco , Censi Veronica , Rinaldi Alessandro , Marceca Maurizio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Global health education (GHE) in Italy has spread since the first decade of 21st century. The presence of global health (GH) courses in Italy was monitored from 2007 to 2013. In 2019, a new survey was proposed to assess the availability of educational opportunities in Italian medical schools. Methods: An online survey was carried out using a questionnaire administered to a network of interested individuals, with different roles in the academic world: students, professors, and members of the Italian Network for Global Health Education. The features of courses were analysed through a score.Results: A total of 61 responses were received from affiliates of 33 of the 44 medical schools in Italy. The national mean of GH courses for each faculty was 1.2, reflecting an increase from 2007. The courses increased nationwide, resulting in a dispersed GHE presence in northern, central and southern Italy. One of the most critical points is related to the nature of “elective” courses, which are not mandatory in the curricula: enrollees tend to be students genuinely interested in GH issues. Some experiences of community and service-learning experiences, referred to as GH gyms, were also detected at national and international levels.Conclusions: GHE is spreading in Italy, coherently with the vision of the Italian Network for Global Health Education. Although progress has been made to disperse GH courses around the country, more academic commitment is needed to insert GH in the mandatory curricula of medical schools and other health faculties.
­Silent Existence of Eosinopenia in Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lin Yao , Rong Jiabing , Zhang Zhaocai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSepsis is a life-threatening and time-critical medical emergency; therefore, the early diagnosis of sepsis is essential to timely treatment and favorable outcomes for patients susceptible to sepsis. Eosinopenia has been identified as a potential biomarker of sepsis in the past decade. However, its clinical application progress is slow and its recognition is low. Recent studies have again focused on the potential association between Eosinopenia and severe infections. This study analyzed the efficacy of Eosinopenia as a biomarker for diagnosis of sepsis and its correlation with pathophysiology of sepsis.MethodWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL databases to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria. Two authors performed data extraction independently. The pooled outcomes were calculated by TP (true positive), FP (false positive), FN (false negative), TN (true negative) by using bivariate meta-analysis model in STATA 14.0 software. Meanwhile, possible mechanisms of sepsis induced Eosinopenia was also analyzed.ResultsSeven studies were included in the present study with a total number of 3842 subjects. The incidence of Eosinopenia based on the enrolled studies varied from 23.2% to 92.7%. For diagnosis of sepsis, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio of Eosinopenia were 0.66 (95%CI [0.53-0.77]), 0.68 (95%CI [0.56-0.79]), 2.09 (95%CI [1.44-3.02]), 0.49 (95%CI [0.34-0.71]) and 4.23 (95%CI [2.15-8.31]), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operator characteristic curve (SROC) was 0.73 (95%CI [0.68-0.76]). Meta-regression analysis revealed that no single parameter accounted for the heterogeneity of pooled outcomes. For each subgroup of different eosinopenia cutoff values (50, 40, ≤25, 100), the sensitivity was 0.61, 0.79, 0.57, 0.54, and the specificity was 0.61, 0.75, 0.83, 0.51, respectively. ConclusionsOur findings suggested that Eosinopenia has a high incidence in sepsis but has no superiority in comparison with conventional biomarkers for diagnosis of sepsis. However, eosinopenia can still be used in clinical diagnosis for sepsis as a simple, convenient, fast and inexpensive biomarker. Therefore, further large clinical trials are still needed to re-evaluate eosinopenia as a biomarker of sepsis.
Propensity Score-Matched Comparison of Stenting as Bridge to Surgery and Emergency Surgery for Acute Malignant Left-Sided Colonic Obstruction
Authors: Cao Yuepeng , Chen Qing , Ni Zhizhan , Wu Feng , Huang Chenshen , Zhou Jinzhe , Zhang Songze , Ge Bujun , Huang Qi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
PurposeBridge to elective surgery (BTS) using self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) is a common alternative to emergency surgery (ES) for acute malignant left-sided colonic obstruction (AMLCO). However, the study regarding long-term impact of BTS is limited and unclear.MethodsA multicenter observational study was performed at three hospitals from April 2012 to December 2019. Propensity score matching (PSM) was introduced to minimize selection bias. The primary endpoint was overall survival. The secondary endpoints included surgical approaches, primary resection types, total stent related adverse effects (AEs), surgical AEs, length of hospital stay, 30-day mortality and tumor recurrence.Results49 patients in both BTS and ES group were matched. Patients in the BTS group more often underwent laparoscopic resection (31 [63.3%] vs 8 [16.3%], p<0.001), less likely to have a primary stoma (13 [26.5%] vs 26 [53.1%], p=0.007) and more often had perineural invasion (25 [51.0%] vs 13 [26.5%], p=0.013). The median overall survival was significantly lower in patients with stent insertion (41 vs 65 months, p=0.041). 3-year overall survival (53.0% vs 77.2%, p=0.039) and 5-year overall survival (30.6% vs 55.0%, p=0.025) were significantly less favorable in the BTS group. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, stenting (hazard ratio(HR)= 2.309(1.052-5.066), p=0.037), surgical AEs (HR=1.394(1.053-1.845), p=0.020) and pTNM stage (HR=1.706(1.116-2.607), p=0.014) were positively correlated with overall survival in matched patients. ConclusionsSelf-expanding metal stents as “a bridge to surgery” is associated with more perineural invasion, higher recurrence rate and worse overall survival in patients with acute malignant left-sided colonic obstruction compared with emergency surgery.
Prevalence of anemia and associated risk factor among under-five children in Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Getahun Megersa , Ayalneh Shimelis Teshome , Waye Bekele Gutema 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Anemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood or both which results in a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen. According to a 2008 WHO report indicate that more than half of the world’s preschool-age children (56.3%) reside in countries where anemia is a severe public health problem. In sub-Saharan Africa, it is a severe public health problem among preschool-age children. In this region, much of the national prevalence is estimated to be above 40% among this age group. In Ethiopia, more than 44% of under-five children are anemic. Furthermore, a 2016 report national-level indicates even there was intervention the prevalence increased significantly to 72.3%. It means that the prevalence of anemia is still at the highest public health problem in Ethiopia. The Objectives of the study is to assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among under-five children attending the pediatrics outpatient department in Asella teaching and referral Hospital from June 2018 to October 30, 2018. An Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted by non-probability convenience sampling technique; 338 children were selected. The results of the study showed that the overall prevalence of anemia among under-five children was 36.7%, around 21(6.2%) of them were found to be severely anemic, whereas 37 (10.9%) were moderately anemic. Factors like child’s age [AOR=2.36, 95%CI (1.18, 3.74)] and birth intervals [AOR=3.31, 95%CI (1.17, 3.6)], were associated with anemia. Anemia remains a common health problem in the study area among under-five children and further studies are needed to focus on etiologies and interventions.
The Single-Cloud Star Formation Relation
Authors: Pokhrel Riwaj 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the most important and well-established empirical results in astronomy is the so-called Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relation between the density of interstellar gas and the rate at which that gas forms stars. While a tight correlation between these quantities has long been measured at galactic scales, the difficulty of measuring star formation rates and gas densities over a large dynamic range at sub-galactic scales has thus far precluded a definitive determination of whether the same relationship holds within individual star-forming clouds. In this article we use a new, high-accuracy catalogue of young stellar objects from Spitzer combined with new, high-dynamic range maps of twelve nearby ($<$1.5 kpc) molecular clouds from Herschel to re-examine the KS relation within individual molecular clouds. We find a tight, linear correlation between clouds' star formation rate per unit area and their gas surface density normalised by the gas free-fall time. The measured relation extends over more than two orders of magnitude within each cloud, and is nearly identical in each of the twelve clouds, implying a constant star formation efficiency per free-fall time eff≈0.026$. The finding of a universal correlation within individual molecular clouds, including clouds that contain no massive stars or massive stellar feedback, favours models in which star formation is regulated by local processes such as turbulence or protostellar outflows, and disfavours models in which star formation is regulated primarily by galaxy properties or supernova feedback on galactic scales.
Optimized anti-reflection core-shell microspheres for enhanced optical trapping by structured light beams
Authors: Shahabadi Vahid , Madadi Ebrahim , Abdollahpour Daryoush 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we study the optical trapping of anti-reflection core-shell microspheres by regular Gaussian beam and several structured beams including radially polarized Gaussian, petal, and hard-aperture-truncated circular Airy beams. We show that using an appropriate anti-reflection core-shell microsphere for the optical trapping by several structured light beams can dramatically enhance the strength of the trap compared to the trapping by the common Gaussian beam. The optimal core-shell thickness ratio that minimizes the scattering force is obtained for polystyrene-silica and anatase-amorphous titania microspheres, such that the core-shells act as anti-reflection coated microspheres. We show that the trapping strength of the anti-reflection coated microparticles trapped by the common Gaussian beam is enhanced up to 2-folds compared to that of trapped uncoated microparticles, while the trapping of anti-reflection coated microparticles, by the radially polarized beam, is strengthened up to 4-folds in comparison to that of the trapped uncoated microparticles by the Gaussian beam. Our results indicate that for anatase-amorphous titania microparticles highest trap strength is obtained by radially polarized beam, while for the polystyrene-silica microparticles, the strongest trapping is achieved by the petal beam.
WITHDRAWN: Regulatory T cells enhance stem-like characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Liu Chang , Pan Yan-yan , Ji Jun , Wu Yuan-yuan , Wang He-shuang , Gao Yan-yan , Zhang Li 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Tumor initiating cells (TICs) were confirmed to drive the therapeutic resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the mechanism by which tumor microenvironment maintains the HCC stemness is not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the effect of regulatory T cells (Tregs) on the TICs characteristics of HCC. Methods: Immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, real-time PCR, western blot, in vitro sphere-formation, and in vivo tumorigenesis assay were used to detect HCC TIC characteristics. Additionally, the association between FoxP3 expression, Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, and HCC stemness were analyzed by forced expression or inhibition of FoxP3. Results: It was showed Tregs enhanced the stemness of HCC cells by upregulation of TIC-related markers CD133, Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, Klf4, Nanog, CD13, EpCAM, and induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), increase of TICs ratio, as well as promotion of tumorigenic ability. Moreover, β-catenin and c-Myc were upregulated in HCC cells when co-cultured with Tregs. After Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition, HCC stemness was also inhibited. In addition, Tregs-derived exosomes played the same role as Tregs in enhancing HCC TIC properties, and exosome inhibition led to decreased TIC ratio as well as TIC markers expression. Furthermore, Tregs-derived exosomes down-regulate FoxP3 and GSK3β of HCC cells. Forced expression of FoxP3 resulted in increased GSK3β, decreased β-catenin and TIC ratio of HCC. In contrast, FoxP3 interference reduced GSK3β, increased β-catenin and TIC ratio. Conclusions: This study, for the first time, demonstrated Tregs enhanced HCC stemness through Wnt//β-catenin pathway by down-regulating FoxP3.
Clinical-MRI&nbsp;Radiomics Enables the Prediction of Preoperative Cerebral Spinal Fluid Dissemination in Children With Medulloblastoma&nbsp;
Authors: Zheng Hui , Li Jinning , Wu Chenqing , Gui Ting , Liu Huanhuan , Liu Ming , Zhang Yuzhen , Duan Shaofeng , Li Yuhua , Wang Dengbin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric embryonal tumor. Accurate identification of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) dissemination is important in prognosis prediction. Both MRI of the central nervous system (CNS) and CSF cytology will appear false positive and negative. Our objective was to investigate the added value of enhanced T1 weighted images-based radiomics features to clinical characteristics in predicting preoperative CSF dissemination for children with MB.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 84 children with histopathologically confirmed MB (60 children in the training cohort and 24 children in the validation cohort). The children with normal head and spine magnetic resonance images (MRI) and no subsequent dissemination in one year were diagnosed as non-CSF dissemination. The CSF dissemination was manifested as intra-cranial or -spinal nodular enhanced lesions. Clinical features and conventional MRI features were collected and evaluated. A total of 385 radiomics features were extracted from enhanced T1 weighted images. Minimum redundancy, maximum correlation and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were performed to select the features with the best performance in predicting preoperative CSF dissemination. A combined clinical-MRI radiomics prediction model was developed using multivariable logistic regression. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to validate the predictive performance. Nomogram and decision curve analysis (DCA) were developed to evaluate the clinical utility of combined model.Results: Thirty-one children were confirmed to have preoperative CSF dissemination. One clinical and nine radiomics features were selected for predicting preoperative CSF dissemination. The combined model incorporating clinical and radiomics features had best predictive performance both in the training and validation cohorts. In the validation cohort, a threshold of 0.311 yielded an area under the curve of 0.87, a sensitivity of 77.8%, a specificity of 86.7%, and an accuracy of 83.3%. The clinical utility of the model was confirmed by a clinical-MRI radiomics nomogram and DCA. Conclusions: The combined model incorporating clinical, conventional MRI and radiomics features could be applied to predict preoperative CSF dissemination for children with MB as a noninvasive biomarker, which could aid in risk evaluation.