bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KETERAMPILAN MENGOBSERVASI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS
Authors: Hardi Ode Sofyan , Rumantir Kiki 
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to describe phenomena in thematic learning in elementary schools, where the ability to observe is included in the aspect of geographical skills. This research method uses descriptive method with a survey approach, by taking a sample of the school in SDN Rawamangun 12 Pagi, and taking a sample V class .The data analysis technique used is the description technique. Students who make observations can be seen from several activities below: Using various feelings to recognize an object; Record in detail the relevant facts of the object and everything around it; Identify similarities and differences; Using tools and materials to understand objects in detail. The results of this study basically students who study at SDN Rawamangun 12 Pagi have been able to observe social objects in social studies material using guided inquiry methods students experienced a significant increase. The use of models that prioritize aspects of high thinking in students, so that students experience good learning outcomes.
Keywords: Skills, Observations, Social Sciences
MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT PASKA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI 35: ANTARA REKOGNISI DAN MARGINALISASI
Authors: Wibowo L.R , Mulyawan M Budi , M Yustina Ambarini , Hakim Ismatul 
Published: February 2020

The Kandayan Dayak is one of the customary community (MHA) which has been hereditary living in the forest area of â€‹â€‹West Kalimantan province. The Kandayan has rules and local wisdom in managing natural resource that have long been inspired by the ancestors, but their legal status of their residence and customary land area overlaps with the area of â€‹â€‹forest timber forest product utilization (UPHHK-HTI) and oil palm plantations. The uncertainty of the ulayat rights made the Kandayan customary to move to areas outside the limited production forest controlled by UHHK-HTI. The limitations to access natural resources make these indigenous peoples have tocollaborate with local entrepreneur through profit-sharing mechanism. Along with this partnerships, they are losing the livelihood resources that have so far sustained their survival and they are also uprooted from the bonds of cultural relations with their land. In other words their sovereignty over the right of forest resources becomes eroded by excessive capitalization by the modern forest industry
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pemerkosaan Terhadap Anak Dibawah Umur Dan Sanksi Yang Diterapkan
Authors: Apriyansa Dwiki 
Published: February 2020

Sesuai dengan majunya dan perkembangnya zaman pada saat ini kerap terjadi banyak sekali kejahatan pemerkossan yang dilaukan oleh pelaku yang tidak bertanggung jawab yang dilakukan oleh para orang dewasa terhadap anak yang menjadi korbannya. Tindak pemerkosaan itu didasari oleh beberapa faktor antara lain karena tidak adanya pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh orang tua, terpengaruh oleh pergaulan lingkungan sekitar, pendidikan yang lemah, arus globalisasi di bidang komunikasi dan informasi, kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. didalam hal ini bagaimana kasus pemerkosaan ini dapat ditanggulangi dan mengurangi tindakan tersebut.
Tindak pidana perkosaan terhadap anak yang berada di bawah umur yang terjadi di masyarakat Indonesia termasuk perbuatan yang tidakbisa diterima akal sehat dan termasuk dalam bentuk pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dikarenakan merampas kehormatan orang lain dan dalam perbuatan itu dapat merusak moral dan mental korban. Dengan itu Harus diberlakukannya hukum yang tegas agar pelaku yang melakukannya tersebut diberikan sanksi dan hukuman yang sesuai dengan apa yang dilakukan. Didalam hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia sendiri telah ada dan telah dibuat, tetapi hukuman yang diberikan tidak sesuai dengan dengan peraturan yang ada, hukuman tersebut sudah diatur didalam KUHP Pasal 287 dan lebih khusus dalam UU No. 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak, Dalam kasus di Indonesia dalam keputusan hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana sering kali masih belum sesuai dengan dalam peraturan yang ada dan juga memiliki efek jera terhadap pelaku.
Sistem Pemesanan Parkir Berbasis Mobile
Authors: Lestari Uning , Fatkhiyah Erfanty , Rinaldi Muchamad Rizal 
Published: February 2020

Penggunaan ICT (Information Communication Technology) diberbagai bidang telah berkembang dengan pesat. Salah satunya adalah di bidang layanan perparkiran. Seiring dengan pertumbuhan jumlah kendaraan yang semakin pesat, menyebabkan pertumbuhan yang tidak seimbang antara jumlah kendaraan dengan lahan yang tersedia, hal ini terlihat semakin sempitnya lahan-lahan parkir di setiap tempat-tempat umum. Hal tersebut tersebut menyebabkan pengendara sulit menemukan tempat parkir atau untuk mengetahui ketersediaan ruang parkir (slot parkir) di suatu lahan parkir. Hal tersebut menyebabkan waktu yang tidak efektif karena pengendara memerlukan waktu yang lama untuk mencari lahan parkir yang masih kosong, sehingga kondisi jalan menjadi semrawut dan tak jarang hal ini menimbulkan kemacetan di jalan-jalan utama. Oleh karena itu informasi tentang ketersediaan ruang parkir menjadi sangat penting bagi pengendara yang akan memarkirkan kendaraannya. Pada aplikasi sistem pemesanan parkir berbasis mobile ini dilengkapi dengan fitur-fitur peta lokasi lahan parkir, informasi ketersediaan slot parkir yaitu Tersedia, Dipesan dan Terisi, pemesanan slot parkir dan fitur untuk administrator parkir yang meliputi monitoring status ketersediaan slot parkir. Dengan adanya sistem aplikasi ini dapat membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan parkir konvensional menjadi sistem parkir yang lebih efektif dan efesien dan menguntungkan banyak pihak yaitu dari pihak pengendara, pengelola parkir dan pengguna jalan yang lain.
POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN JAGUNG PULUT MENDUKUNG DIVERSIFIKASI PANGAN / Potency of Waxy Corn Development to Support Food Diversification
Authors: Suarni Suarni , Aqil Muh. , Subagio Herman 
Published: February 2020

<p>The success of staple food diversification can contribute to reduce rice consumption and encouraging national food self-sufficiency. Among food crops commodities, corn provide a potential to support local food based diversification. The type of corn that is preferable by consumer is white/waxy corn. Kernel color of waxy corn consists of white, yellow, purple, and black. Waxy corn can be harvest since the mild stage to anticipate food and malnutrition and make it more superior than other cereals. Corn processed into various products by using traditional, semi-traditional, and food industry products with specific superiority. Waxy corn is currently available in the market such as local varieties and newly released varieties such as Pulut URI-1 and Pulut URI-2. The market opportunity of waxy corn-based products in Indonesia has a more competitive advantage than before due to the change of lifestyle and food dietary. Promotion of waxy corn technologies needs to be done quickly to the related stakeholders including farmers, snacks producers, and businessman of waxy corn-based products to enhance the adoption of this commodity to support food diversification.</p><p>Keywords: Waxy corn, food diversification, development</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Keberhasilan diversifikasi pangan pokok berdampak terhadap pengurangan konsumsi beras sehingga mendorong keberlanjutan swasembada pangan. Salah satu komoditas yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk diversifikasi pangan adalah jagung. Di antara beberapa jenis jagung yang berkembang, jagung pulut disukai oleh banyak konsumen. Jagung pulut memiliki warna yang beragam mulai dari putih, kuning, ungu, hingga hitam. Jagung pulut dapat dipanen muda atau lebih awal sehingga dapat mengantisipasi kerawanan pangan dan gizi. Hal ini menjadikan jagung pulut lebih unggul dibanding komoditas serealia lainnya. Berbagai produk olahan pangan dapat dihasilkan dari jagung pulut, mulai dari tradisional, semi tradisional, dan hingga modern, masing-masing memiliki nilai tambah tersendiri. Varietas jagung pulut telah tersedia, baik lokal maupun varietas unggul baru (URI-1 dan URI-2). Peluang pasar pangan berbasis jagung pulut di Indonesia makin terbuka seiring dengan perubahan gaya hidup dan pola makan konsumen yang mengarah pada hidup sehat. Dalam upaya pengembangan diversifikasi pangan perlu disosialisasikan paket teknologi budi daya dan pengolahan jagung pulut kepada masyarakat luas, terutama petani, pengrajin makanan, dan pebisnis produk pangan.</p><p>Kata kunci: Jagung pulut, diversifikasi pangan, pengembangan</p>
PERSPEKTIF PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING CENGKEH MALUKU DENGAN INDEKS KEBERLANJUTAN SISTEM AGRIBISNIS / Perspective of Increasing Maluku Clove’s Competitiveness with Sustainable Index of Agribusiness System
Authors: Santoso Agung Budi 
Published: February 2020

<p>Clove is one of the main commodity which known since the 16th century and it was the main reason why imperialist found Maluku as clove resources. In Maluku, clove change society as from era of sultanate, colonialism, and independence era. This paper reviews the clove competitiveness compared to other clove producing provinces in Indonesia after severalepoch, especially reform era. Agribusiness system approach was used to enumerate the competitiveness index in the ten largest clove producing province in Indonesia. Sustainability index was calculated with multidimensional scaling. Clove Maluku occupies high-middle group, means Maluku is one of largest clove producing with sustainability index is middle. The others province in the same group are North Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, East Java, and West Java. South Sulawesi is the only one which occupies high-high group. Furthermore, the high-low group consist of Banten, Southeast Sulawesi, North Maluku, and Central Java. Clove competitiveness can increase with enlarging productive plant area and immature plant area, increase productivity and fertilizer distribution, and reduce damaged plant area.</p><p>Keywords: Cloves, competitiveness, agribusiness system, sustainability index, multidimensional scaling </p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Cengkeh merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan yang telah dikenal sejak abad 16 dan menjadi alasan utama mengapa kolonial menemukan Maluku sebagai asal tanaman tersebut. Cengkeh di Maluku mampu mengubah kondisi masyarakat sejak zaman kesultanan, era kolonial, dan era kemerdekaan. Tulisan ini mereview kembali posisi daya saing cengkeh di Maluku dibandingkan provinsi penghasil cengkeh lainnya di Indonesia setelah mengalami beberapa zaman khususnya era reformasi. Pendekatan sistem agribisnis digunakan untuk memberi nilai terhadap daya saing cengkeh di sepuluh provinsi penghasil cengkeh terbesar di Indonesia. Cengkeh di Maluku menempati kelompok tinggi–menengah, yakni kelompok produsen cengkeh tinggi dengan tingkat keberlanjutan sedang. Provinsi lainnya yang berada di kelompok yang sama adalah Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Tengah, Jawa Timur, dan Jawa Barat. Sulawesi Selatan sebagai satu-satunya provinsi yang berada di kelompok tinggi-tinggi. Sedangkan kelompok tinggi-rendah ditempati oleh Banten, Sulawesi Tenggara, Maluku Utara, dan Jawa Tengah. Peningkatan daya saing cengkeh dapat dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan luas tanaman menghasilkan, luas tanaman belum menghasilkan, meningkatkan produktivitas, peningkatan penyaluran pupuk, dan menekan luas tanaman rusak. Kata kunci: Cengkeh, daya saing, sistem agribisnis, indeks keberlanjutan, multidimensional scaling </p>
Phytochemical and comparative transcriptome analyses reveal different regulatory mechanisms in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathways between Matricaria recutita L. and Chamaemelum nobile L.
Authors: tai yuling , Hou Xiaojuan , Liu Chun , Sun Jiameng , Guo Chunxiao , Su Ling , Jiang Wei , Ling Chengcheng , Wang Chengxiang , Wang Huanhuan , Pan Guifang , Si Xiongyuan , Yuan Yi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Matricaria recutita (German chamomile) and Chamaemelum nobile (Roman chamomile) belong to the botanical family Asteraceae. These two herbs are not only morphologically distinguishable, but their secondary metabolites – especially the essential oils present in flowers are also different, especially the terpenoids. The aim of this project was to preliminarily identify regulatory mechanisms in the terpenoid biosynthetic pathways that differ between German and Roman chamomile by performing comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Results We determined the content of essential oils in disk florets and ray florets in these two chamomile species, and found that the terpenoid content in flowers of German chamomile is greater than that of Roman chamomile. In addition, a comparative RNA-seq analysis of German and Roman chamomile showed that 54% of genes shared >75% sequence identity between the two species. In particular, more highly expressed DEGs (differentially expressed genes) and TF (transcription factor) genes, different regulation of CYPs (cytochrome P450 enzymes), and rapid evolution of downstream genes in the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway of German chamomile could be the main reasons to explain the differences in the types and levels of terpenoid compounds in these two species. In addition, a phylogenetic tree constructed from single copy genes showed that German chamomile and Roman chamomile are closely related to Chrysanthemum nankingense. Conclusion This work provides the first insights into terpenoid biosynthesis in two species of chamomile. The candidate unigenes related to terpenoid biosynthesis will be important in molecular breeding approaches to modulate the essential oil composition of Matricaria recutita and Chamaemelum nobile.
Tumor Mutational Burden is Associated with Poor Outcomes in Diffuse Glioma.
Authors: Luo Tao , Wang Lihong , Ge Jia , Lan Yang , Shi Yu , Luo Ying , Tan Yuhuan , Liang Mei , Deng Song , Zhang Xia , Wang Wenying , Tan Yaoyao , Xu Yuanyuan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a potential biomarker for immune checkpoint therapy and prognosis. The impact of TMB on clinical outcomes and the correlation coefficient between exome sequencing and targeted sequencing in glioma have not yet been explored.
Methods: Somatic mutations in the coding regions of 897 primary gliomas and the clinical and RNA-seq data of 654 patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed as a training set, while another 286 patients in the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database were used for validation. Descriptive and correlational analyses were conducted with TMB. Enrichment map analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were also performed.
Results: TMB was higher for the group of mutant genes that are frequently mutated in glioblastomas (GBMs) and lower for the group of mutant genes that are frequently mutated in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs). Patients with a higher TMB exhibited shorter overall survival. TMB was associated with grade, age, subtype and mutations affecting genomic structure. Moreover, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that TMB was an independent prognostic factor for glioma. The signaling pathways of the cell cycle were enriched in the TMB High group. TMB was higher in the mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutant group than in the wild-type group, but the MMR pathway was enriched in the TMB High group of gliomas without mutations in classical MMR genes. The correlation between TMBs calculated through exome sequencing and targeted sequencing was moderate, and panel-based TMB was not correlated with prognosis.
Conclusions: TMB is associated with poor outcomes in diffuse glioma. The high proliferative activity in the TMB High group could account for the shorter survival of these patients. This association was not reflected by a pan-cancer targeted sequencing panel.
Risk factors for poor treatment outcomes of 2,266 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in Ho Chi Minh City: a retrospective study
Authors: Van Le Hong , Phu Phan Trieu , Vinh Dao Nguyen , Son Vo Thanh , Hanh Nguyen Thi , Nhat Le Thanh Hoang , Lan Nguyen Huu , Vinh Truong Van , Trang Nguyen Thi Mai , Ha Dang Thi Minh , Thwaites Guy , Thuong Nguyen Thuy Thuong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a serious public health problem with poor treatment outcomes. Predictors of poor outcomes vary in different regions. Vietnam is among the top 30 high burden of MDR-TB countries. We describe demographic characteristics and identify risk factors for poor outcome among patients with MDR-TB in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the most populous city in Vietnam.Methods: This retrospective study included 2,266 patients who initiated MDR-TB treatment between 2011-2015 in HCMC. Treatment outcomes were available for 2,240 patients. Data was collected from standardized paper-based treatment cards and electronic records. A Kruskal Wallis test was used to assess changes in median age and body mass index (BMI) over time, and a Wilcoxon test was used to compare the median BMI of patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Chi squared test was used to compare categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression with multiple imputation for missing data was used to identify risk factors for poor outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using R program.Results: Among 2,266 eligible cases, 60.2% had failed on a category I or II treatment regimen, 57.7% were underweight, 30.2% had diabetes mellitus and 9.6% were HIV positive. The notification rate increased 24.7% from 2011-2015. The treatment success rate was 73.3%. Risk factors for poor treatment outcome included HIV co-infection (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.94), advanced age (aOR: 1.45 for every increase of 5 years for patients 60 years or older), having history of MDR-TB treatment (aOR: 5.53), sputum smear grade scanty or 1+ (aOR: 1.47), smear grade 2+ or 3+ (aOR: 2.06), low BMI (aOR: 0.83 for every increase of 1kg/m2 of BMI for patients with BMI<21).Conclusion: The number of patients diagnosed with MDR-TB in HCMC increased by almost a quarter between 2011-2015. Patients with HIV, high smear grade, malnutrition or a history of previous MDR-TB treatment are at greatest risk of poor treatment outcome.
Effects of a vocational rehabilitation programme on return to work among sick-listed primary health care patients A population-based matched, case-control study
Authors: von Celsing Anna-Sophia , Kristiansson Per , Svärdsudd Kurt , Wallman Thorne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the efficacy of a multidisciplinary vocational programme in sick-listed, primary health care patients as compared to matched non-programme patients. Methods: The design was a 3-year prospective population-based, matched case-control study. It was set in a large primary healthcare centre in the city of Eskilstuna, Sweden. The subjects were 943 sickness-certified patients (482 women and 461 men). Intervention: 170 high-risk patients and a matched control group (n = 340) with similar risk for not returning to work within expected time, based on propensity score was created. The intervention group passed a multidisciplinary medical assessment and a coordinated vocational programme, while the control group received usual care by their general practitioner. Main outcome measures: Sick leave conclusion and the day when it occurred. Results: The follow-up time was subdivided into four periods. During the first two periods, days 1–14 and days 15–112 after baseline, the intervention group had a significantly lower sick leave conclusion rate than the control group (hazard ratios, (HR) 0.32, 95% CI 0.20–0.51, p < 0.0001 and 0.47, 95% CI 0.35–0.64). During the third period, days 113–365, the intervention group had an insignificantly lower conclusion rate (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.46–1.08, p = 0.10), and during the fourth follow-up period, days 366–1096, the intervention group had an insignificantly higher conclusion rate than the control group (HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.69–1.96, p = 0.58). Across the total follow-up period, the intervention group had a lower conclusion rate than the control group (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.45–0.66, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: No positive significant effects of the rehabilitation programme on time to sick leave conclusion were found.
Community perceptions about dementia in southwestern Uganda
Authors: Owokuhaisa Judith , Rukundo Godfrey Zari , Wakida Edith , Obua Celestino , Buss Stephanie S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background

With the increasing number of people surviving into older age in Africa, dementia is becoming a public health concern. Understanding the social dynamics of dementia in resource-limited settings is critical for developing effective interventions. We explored community perceptions about people with dementia in southwestern Uganda.

Methods

Fifty-nine individuals (aged 19-85 years, 56% female) participated in seven focus group discussions. In addition, 22 individual in-depth interviews were conducted among individuals (aged 22-84 years, 36% female). Both interviews and focus group discussions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and evaluated using a quantitative content analysis approach.

Results

Five themes were generated during content analysis: i) Labeling of the illness, ii) Presentation of the person with dementia, iii) Causation, iv) Impact of the disease on people with dementia and their caregivers and v) Views on how to address unmet needs in dementia care. Dementia was commonly referred to as “ okuhuga ” or “okwebwayebwa” (also, oruhuzyo/ empugye / akahuriko) which translates as “mental disorientation”. The participants reported that most people with dementia presented with forgetfulness, defecating and urinating on themselves, wandering away from home, going out naked, and picking up garbage. Some participants perceived memory problems as a normal part of the aging process, while others attributed the cause of dementia to syphilis, cancer, allergy, old age, satanic powers, witchcraft, poor nutrition, or life stress. Participants reported multiple sources of stress for caregivers of people with dementia, including financial, social, and emotional burdens. Finally, participants suggested that community and governmental organizations should be involved in meeting the needs of people with dementia and their caregivers.

Conclusions

Community members in southwestern Uganda largely identified dementia as a problem that comes with older age, and can identify key features of dementia presentation. Participants identified significant stressors affecting people with dementia and their caregivers, and reported that families and caregivers would benefit from education on the management of symptoms of dementia, and assistance in overcoming associated financial, social, and emotional burdens related to caretaking.