bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognizing postoperative nutritional complications of bariatric surgery in the primary care patient: a narrative review
Authors: Chamberlain Carly , Terry Richard , Shtayyeh Tamer , Martinez Carlos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBariatric surgery is an effective treatment for patients with morbid obesity. However, as safe and common as bariatric procedures have become, multiple complications can still result. These complications vary depending on the type of procedure performed (malabsorptive or restrictive) and are often nutritional derangements from the altered malabsorptive surface of the gastrointestinal tract and decreased capacity of the stomach. Deficiencies in vitamin D after malabsorptive procedures such as the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass can result in subsequent hypocalcemia and bone demineralization, and anemias can also present after surgery from inadequate vitamin B12and iron absorption. Because of the prevalence of these deficiencies, baseline micronutrient testing and postoperative screening are recommended in many cases. Additionally, supplemental treatment often requires higher doses than those recommended for healthy adults. The purpose of this narrative review is to outline the various nutrient deficiencies that can result from bariatric procedures and report previously-published recommendations for screening and medical treatment of patients with these deficiencies. This review is directed toward primary care practitioners because of their unique position in delivering continuity of care and the frequency with which they will encounter patients who have undergone bariatric surgery and are seeking counseling regarding weight loss modalities.
The Evaluation of Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio as Predictors of Hypertension in Children
Authors: Amamilo Ifeyinwa B. , Sadoh Wilson E. , Iregbu Francis U. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Childhood hypertension is a public health concern because of associated cardio-metabolic morbidities in adulthood. Overweight and obesity are main drivers and predictors of childhood hypertension. There is paucity of studies on waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) – measures of central obesity - as predictors of hypertension in children. The study was done to determine if WC and WHR predicts hypertension in children.
Study Design: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Primary schools in Owerri Municipal Local Government Area (LGA), Imo State, Nigeria between September 2017 to April 2018.
Methodology: 809 school children aged 6-12 years were recruited from three public and six private primary schools using multi-staged sampling method. Their blood pressure (BP), weight, height, hip circumference and WC were measured using standard techniques. The BMI and WHR were then calculated. Central obesity was defined as WC ≥90th percentile. The data were analyzed with IBM-SPSS 21.
Results: The male female ratio was 1:1. The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension were 8.50% and 2.70% respectively. While those of overweight, obesity and central obesity were 5.10%, 5.90% and 10.10% respectively. WC significantly and positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) [r = 0.57, p = 0.0001] and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [r = 0.57, p = 0.0001]. WHR had a negative correlation with SBP and DBP [r = -0.33, p = 0.0001 in both cases]. Central obesity increased the odds of developing systolic and diastolic prehypertension/ hypertension by 9 and 8 folds respectively.
Conclusion: Central obesity predicted prehypertension/hypertension in primary school children in this study and therefore can be used as screening tool in programs to prevent childhood obesity and hypertension.
Methanolacinia
Authors: Shao Nana , Akinyemi Taiwo , Whitman William B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMe.tha.no.la.ci'ni.a. N.L. neut. n.methanummethane; L. fem. n.laciniaa lobe; N.L. fem. n.Methanolaciniaa lobed methane‐producing organism.Halobacterota / Methanomicrobia / Methanomicrobiales / Methanomicrobiaceae / MethanolaciniaSmall, irregular rods or disc‐shaped, occurring singly or in pairs. Endospores not formed. Stain Gram‐negative. Strictly anaerobic. Energy metabolism is by reduction of CO2to CH4with H2, 2‐propanol, other secondary alcohols, or formate (one species) as electron donor. Nonmotile or weakly motile, and one species is flagellated. Acetate is required for growth as a carbon source, and yeast extract or peptones are stimulatory. Optimal growth temperature is 35–40°C with no growth at 20°C or 45°C; optimal pH is 7.0. Optimal growth at NaCl concentrations of 10–30 g/l. Occurs in anaerobic marine sediments or oil reservoirs.DNA G+C content (mol%): 47.4–47.5 (Genome sequence).Type species:Methanolacinia paynteriZellner et al. 1989, VL35 (basonym:Methanomicrobium paynteriRivard et al. 1983, VL13).
Caldimicrobium
Authors: Kojima Hisaya , Umezawa Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCal.di.mi.cro'bi.um. L. masc. adj.caldushot; N.L. neut. n.microbiummicrobe; N.L. neut. n.Caldimicrobiummicrobe living in hot places.Thermodesulfobacteria / Thermodesulfobacteria / Thermodesulfobacteriales / Thermodesulfobacteriaceae / CaldimicrobiumSpecies of the genusCaldimicrobiumare Gram‐negative, oval or slightly curved short rods that are strictly anaerobic, thermophilic, and neutrophilic. They grow chemolithoautotrophically by hydrogen oxidation coupled to reduction of elemental sulfur or by disproportionation of sulfur compounds. Chemoorganotrophic growth of the type species occurs with ethanol, fumarate, succinate, and malate. The type strain of the type species utilizes elemental sulfur and thiosulfate as electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration. The genus belongs to the familyThermodesulfobacteriaceae. The type strains of the described species were isolated from terrestrial hot springs.DNA G + C content (mol%):35–38.Type species:Caldimicrobium rimaeMiroshnichenko et al. 2009.
Syntrophobacterium gen. nov
.
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Syn.tro.pho.bac.te'ri.um. Gr. adj.
syntrophos
, having grown up with one; L. neut. n.
bacterium
, rod; N.L. neut. n.
Syntrophobacterium
, rod which feeds together with (another species).

Desulfobacterota / Syntrophobacteria / Syntrophobacterales / Syntrophobacteraceae / Syntrophobacterium gen. nov.

Cells are lemon‐ or egg‐shaped rods, 1.0–1.6 × 1.8–3.0 μm, and occur singly and in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores not formed. Strictly anaerobic with a respiratory or fermentative metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic, using propionate and a few other simple organic compounds (only some species) as carbon sources and electron donors. Electron donors are incompletely oxidized to acetate. Growth occurs by syntrophic metabolism and sulfate reduction. Propionate oxidation to acetate and CO
2
requires the presence of either an H
2
or formate‐utilizing organism (methanogen or sulfate reducer) or sulfate as the electron acceptor. Sulfate and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide. Fermentative growth in pure culture occurs for most of species. Mesophilic, optimal growth temperature is 37°C. Neutrophilic, with optimal pH of 7.0–7.6. All species grow in freshwater media with 0.3–1.0 g/l of NaCl. Media containing a reductant are necessary for growth. Habitat is sludge from anaerobic waste treatment facilities and biogas plants.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 57.3–59.9 (LC, genome).

Type species
:
Syntrophobacterium sulfatireducens
comb. nov. (basonym.
Syntrophobacter sulfatireducens
Chen et al. 2005
VP
).
Emetine‐Loaded Black Phosphorus Hydrogel Sensitizes Tumor to Photothermal Therapy through Inhibition of Stress Granule Formation
Authors: Xie Jianlei , Fan Taojian , Kim Ji Hyeon , Xu Yunjie , Wang Yingwei , Liang Weiyuan , Qiao Lijun , Wu Zongze , Liu Quan , Hu Weibin , Yin Na , Yang Ling , Liu Liping , Kim Jong Seung , Zhang Han 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDuring photothermal therapy (PTT), hyperthermia up to 50 °C is required for efficient induction of tumor cell death. Additional increases in temperature can lead to severe damage to adjacent tissues. Conversely, insufficient heating of deep‐seated tumor tissues results in tumor recurrence. Sensitization of tumor cells to PTT may solve this problem. Stress granules (SGs) function in integration of various internal and external stresses to regulate cell viability. However, the role of SGs in PTT is currently unknown. Here, with black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets as photothermal agents, it is found that SGs are induced in tumor by PTT through eukaryotic initiation factor 2α‐dependent pathway and participate in tumor resistance to PTT. To modulate SG formation in tumor, a BP hydrogel is prepared for tumor‐specific delivery and near‐infrared (NIR) light‐controlled release of the SG inhibitor Emetine. Upon NIR‐light irradiation, photothermal conversion of BP nanosheets enables PTT of tumor. Meanwhile, light‐controlled release of Emetine in tumor tissues effectively inhibits PTT‐induced SG formation and sensitizes tumor to PTT, resulting in enhanced tumor inhibition. These results reveal the role of SGs in PTT and present a novel strategy for tumor sensitization to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the side effects of PTT.
Concentration Gradient‐Based Soft Robotics: Hydrogels Out of Water
Authors: López‐Díaz Antonio , Martín‐Pacheco Ana , Rodríguez Antonio M. , Herrero M. Antonia , Vázquez Andrés S. , Vázquez Ester 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHydrogels are biocompatible soft materials that resemble biological tissues more than any other material. However, the use of these systems in soft robotics has been limited to aqueous environments. In the work published to date, hydrogels have relied on external water to swell or shrink in response to stimuli and, therefore, to actuate macroscopically. In the work reported here, this limitation is overcome by synthesizing a novel type of electroactive hydrogels capable of actuating when a low electric field is applied, even outside water. The bending actuation of these materials is caused by the movement of solvated ions within the hydrogel, which generates a concentration gradient, making it possible to use them directly in ambient‐air conditions. A mathematical model for this behavior is proposed. Issues like resistive heating and material drying are addressed by preparing graphene hybrid hydrogels and by using hygroscopic salts. Two applications are presented as a demonstration of the capabilities of these hydrogels: a soft gripper with two continuum actuators and a soft fingertip capable of changing its volume and stiffness. In addition, the possibility of fabrication by 3D printing technologies enhances the applicability of these promising materials, thus paving the way for innovative developments.
Interface Chemistry on MXene‐Based Materials for Enhanced Energy Storage and Conversion Performance
Authors: Hui Xiaobin , Ge Xiaoli , Zhao Ruizheng , Li Zhaoqiang , Yin Longwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMXenes have attracted increasing attention due to their unique advantages, excellent electronic conductivity, tunable layer structure, and controllable interfacial chemistry. However, the practical applications of MXenes in energy storage devices are severely limited by the issues of torpid reaction kinetics, limited active sites, and poor material utilization efficiency. Herein, the most‐up‐to date advances in the rational microstructure design to enhance electrochemical reaction kinetics and energy storage performance of MXene‐based materials are comprehensively summarized. This review begins with the preparation and properties of MXenes, classified into fluorine‐containing acid etching and fluoride‐free etching approaches. Afterwards, the interlayer structure design and interfacial functionalization of MXenes with respect to interlayer spacing and porous structure, terminal groups, and surface defects are summarized. Then the focus turns to the construction of advanced MXene‐based heterojunctions based on in situ derivation and surface self‐assembly. Based on these microstructure modulating strategies, the state‐of‐the‐art progress of MXene‐based applications with respect to supercapacitors, alkali metal‐ion batteries, metal–sulfur batteries, and photo/electrocatalysis are highlighted. Finally, the critical challenges and perspectives for the future research of 2D MXene‐based nanostructures are highlighted, aiming to present a comprehensive reference for the design of MXene‐based electrodes for electrochemical energy storage.
Leveraging Deep Levels in Narrow Bandgap Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 for Record‐High zTave Near Room Temperature
Authors: Hu Lipeng , Meng Fanchen , Zhou Yanjie , Li Jibiao , Benton Allen , Li Junqin , Liu Fusheng , Zhang Chaohua , Xie Heping , He Jian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeep levels in a narrow bandgap semiconductors are considered detrimental to their electrical performance. Here the constructive role of Indium‐induced deep levels in regulating the majority and minority carriers for state‐of‐the‐art average thermoelectric figure‐of‐merit zTave between 300 and 500 K in narrow bandgap p‐type (Bi,Sb)2Te3 is reported. Two compositional series in the pseudo‐ternary Bi2Te3‐Sb2Te3‐In2Te3 phase diagram: Bi0.475−x Sb1.525InxTe3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) and Bi0.475Sb1.525−yInyTe3 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.10), namely, the x‐series and y‐series are explored. In the x‐series, the combined experimental and theoretical study shows that Indium doping induced donor‐like and acceptor‐like deep levels, enlarges the band gap, and flattens the conduction band edge, thereby weakening the temperature dependence of Seebeck coefficient and the bipolar heat conduction. Further doping the x‐series with copper (aka shallow acceptors) to optimize the majority carrier concentration leads to a state‐of‐the‐art zT ≈ 1.61 at 390 K and record‐high average zTave ≈ 1.47 between 300 and 500 K in p‐type Bi0.396Sb1.525In0.075Cu0.004Te3. These results attest to the efficacy of deep levels in narrow bandgap thermoelectrics for both power generation and solid‐state refrigeration near room temperature.
Artificial Skin Perception
Authors: Wang Ming , Luo Yifei , Wang Ting , Wan Changjin , Pan Liang , Pan Shaowu , He Ke , Neo Aden , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSkin is the largest organ, with the functionalities of protection, regulation, and sensation. The emulation of human skin via flexible and stretchable electronics gives rise to electronic skin (e‐skin), which has realized artificial sensation and other functions that cannot be achieved by conventional electronics. To date, tremendous progress has been made in data acquisition and transmission for e‐skin systems, while the implementation of perception within systems, that is, sensory data processing, is still in its infancy. Integrating the perception functionality into a flexible and stretchable sensing system, namely artificial skin perception, is critical to endow current e‐skin systems with higher intelligence. Here, recent progress in the design and fabrication of artificial skin perception devices and systems is summarized, and challenges and prospects are discussed. The strategies for implementing artificial skin perception utilize either conventional silicon‐based circuits or novel flexible computing devices such as memristive devices and synaptic transistors, which enable artificial skin to surpass human skin, with a distributed, low‐latency, and energy‐efficient information‐processing ability. In future, artificial skin perception would be a new enabling technology to construct next‐generation intelligent electronic devices and systems for advanced applications, such as robotic surgery, rehabilitation, and prosthetics.
Nanoliposomes as Multidrug Carrier of Gemcitabine/Paclitaxel for the Effective Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer Disease: A Comparison with Gemzar and Taxol
Authors: Celia Christian , Cristiano Maria Chiara , Froiio Francesca , Di Francesco Martina , d'Avanzo Nicola , Di Marzio Luisa , Fresta Massimo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral liposomal drugs have received clinical approval for the treatment of cancer due to the reduced side effects and/or improved therapeutic efficacy in comparison to their respective free drug counterparts. In this study, nanoliposomes are designed as multidrug carriers for codelivering gemcitabine hydrochloride (Gemzar) and paclitaxel (Taxol) and evaluating their anticancer activity in several triple negative human breast cancer cell lines and in a mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. The results demonstrate that the nanoliposomes significantly decrease the cell viability of breast cancer cells compared to combination treatment with the free drugs. Furthermore, the chemotherapeutics coloaded nanoliposomes dramatically decrease the tumor growth and improve survival times, while combination treatment with Gemzar and Taxol has a modest effect on cancer progression. Moreover, pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrates that nanoliposomes increase the half‐life of gemcitabine hydrochloride and paclitaxel 6.3‐fold and 1.7‐fold, respectively. Taken together, the findings indicate that gemcitabine hydrochloride and paclitaxel‐coloaded nanoliposomes can provide an effective treatment strategy for metastatic breast cancer.
A Cyclodextrin‐Stabilized Spermine‐Tagged Drug Triplex that Targets Theophylline to the Lungs Selectively in Respiratory Emergency
Authors: Sofian Zarif M. , Benaouda Faiza , Wang Julie Tzu‐Wen , Lu Yuan , Barlow David J. , Royall Paul G. , Farag Doaa B. , Rahman Khondaker Miraz , Al‐Jamal Khuloud T. , Forbes Ben , Jones Stuart A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIon‐pairing a lifesaving drug such as theophylline with a targeting moiety could have a significant impact on medical emergencies such as status asthmaticus or COVID‐19 induced pneumomediastinum. However, to achieve rapid drug targeting in vivo the ion‐pair must be protected against breakdown before the entry into the target tissue. This study aims to investigate if inserting theophylline, when ion‐paired to the polyamine transporter substrate spermine, into a cyclodextrin (CD), to form a triplex, could direct the bronchodilator to the lungs selectively after intravenous administration. NMR demonstrates that upon the formation of the triplex spermine protruded from the CD cavity and this results in energy‐dependent uptake in A549 cells (1.8‐fold enhancement), which persists for more than 20 min. In vivo, the triplex produces a 2.4‐fold and 2.2‐fold increase in theophylline in the lungs 20 min after injection in rats and mice, respectively (p < 0.05). The lung targeting is selective with no increase in uptake into the brain or the heart where the side‐effects of theophylline are treatment‐limiting. Selectively doubling the concentration of theophylline in the lungs could improve the benefit‐risk ratio of this narrow therapeutic index medicine, which continues to be important in critical care.
CD63+ Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts Confer Tamoxifen Resistance to Breast Cancer Cells through Exosomal miR‐22
Authors: Gao Yuan , Li Xiaoju , Zeng Cheng , Liu Chenlin , Hao Qiang , Li Weina , Zhang Kuo , Zhang Wangqian , Wang Shuning , Zhao Huadong , Fan Dong , Li Meng , Zhang Yingqi , Zhang Wei , Zhang Cun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTamoxifen remains the most effective treatment for estrogen receptor α (ERα)‐positive breast cancer. However, many patients still develop resistance to tamoxifen in association with metastatic recurrence, which presents a tremendous clinical challenge. To better understand tamoxifen resistance from the perspective of the tumor microenvironment, the whole microenvironment landscape is charted by single‐cell RNA sequencing and a new cancer‐associated fibroblast (CAF) subset, CD63+ CAFs, is identified that promotes tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Furthermore, it is discovered that CD63+ CAFs secrete exosomes rich in miR‐22, which can bind its targets, ERα and PTEN, to confer tamoxifen resistance on breast cancer cells. Additionally, it is found that the packaging of miR‐22 into CD63+ CAF‐derived exosomes is mediated by SFRS1. Furthermore, CD63 induces STAT3 activation to maintain the phenotype and function of CD63+ CAFs. Most importantly, the pharmacological blockade of CD63+ CAFs with a CD63‐neutralizing antibody or cRGD‐miR‐22‐sponge nanoparticles enhances the therapeutic effect of tamoxifen in breast cancer. In summary, the study reveals a novel subset of CD63+ CAFs that induces tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer via exosomal miR‐22, suggesting that CD63+ CAFs may be a novel therapeutic target to enhance tamoxifen sensitivity.
Ultrathin, Stretchable, and Breathable Epidermal Electronics Based on a Facile Bubble Blowing Method
Authors: Yang Xianqing , Li Lianhui , Wang Shuqi , Lu Qifeng , Bai Yuanyuan , Sun Fuqin , Li Tie , Li Yue , Wang Zihao , Zhao Yangyong , Shi Yixiang , Zhang Ting 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUltrathin, stretchable, and breathable epidermal electronics are of great significance for wearable and implantable health‐monitoring devices owing to their unique skin‐conformable and skin‐friendly capabilities. However, the poor gas permeability of planar substrates with thicknesses of microns to millimeters, in conjunction with the existing tedious and expensive fabrication methods, has severely limited the realization of high‐performance epidermal electronic devices. Here, a novel bubble blowing method is proposed to fabricate a 150‐nm‐thick, stretchable (62%), breathable (water vapor transmission rate = 580.18 g m−2 d−1), and transparent (83% at 550 nm) epidermal electrode based on a freestanding thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) nanomembrane. The ultrathin epidermal electrode can be conformably attached to human skin for high‐quality electromyogram signal recording. Moreover, the device is also demonstrated as a bionic electronic eardrum (vibration sensor) to detect sound with ultrahigh sensitivity (969.3 kPa−1) and high signal‐to‐noise ratios (51 dB at maximum) over the wide frequency range of 0–22 000 Hz. The proposed epidermal electronic device provides a novel avenue for future conformal wearable medical devices, human–computer interfaces, and implantable acoustic equipment.
Low‐Pressure Mechanical Switching of Ferroelectric Domains in PbZr0.48Ti0.52O3
Authors: Vats Gaurav , Ravikant  , Schoenherr Peggy , Kumar Ashok , Seidel Jan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLow‐energy switching of ferroelectrics is currently being investigated for energy‐efficient nanoelectronics. While conventional methods employ electrical fields to switch the polarization state, mechanical switching is investigated as an interesting alternative low‐energy switching concept, if low enough pressures could be achieved. Here, the thickness‐dependent mechanical and electrical switching behavior of ferroelectric PbZr0.48Ti0.52O3/YBa2Cu3O7−δ (PZT/YBCO) epitaxial heterostructures grown on single crystalline LaAlO3‐(001)pseudo‐cubic (LAO) substrate is reported. Mechanical switching is found under relatively low force (600 nN; estimated pressure ≈0.21 GPa) in atomic force microscopy‐based measurements. Mechanically switched domains can be erased by small electric fields and, interestingly, exhibit a surface potential change similar to electrically poled areas. The feasibility of switching these heterostructures with very low pressure makes them promising candidates for nanoscale electromechanical devices.