bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous Copper Sulfide Microflowers Grown In Situ on Commercial Copper Foils as Advanced Binder‐Free Electrodes with High Rate and Long Cycle Life for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tao Hongwei , Tang Yun , Zhou Min , Wang Ruxing , Wang Kangli , Li Haomiao , Jiang Kai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCopper sulfide (CuS) is considered as a promising sodium storage anode with its high theoretical capacity (558 mAh g−1), low cost and environmental friendliness. However, the development of applicable CuS anodes with high rate and long life is still greatly hindered by the sluggish electronic/ionic transport kinetics and huge volume change during repeated charge/discharge processes. In this work, a scalable and binder‐free 3D porous CuS microflower (CuS‐b) electrode was prepared via a simple method with in situ sulfur engraving on commercial copper foil. The as‐prepared CuS‐b delivers a high reversible capacity of 543 mAh g−1, excellent rate capability of 413 mAh g−1 at 60 A g−1 and remarkable long‐term cycling stability of 98.2 % capacity retention over 3600 cycles. The 3D self‐supporting porous structure can increase ionic transfer kinetics and provides enough space to buffer the volume expansion/contraction during repeated cycling, resulting in excellent Na storage performances. More importantly, the synthesis path is simple and efficient, which provides new insights for the design and development of high‐performance redox‐active electrodes for large‐scale energy storage applications.
Effectiveness of breeding selection for grain quality in common bean
Authors: Dias Polianna Alves Silva , Almeida Danilo Valente , Melo Patrícia Guimarães Santos , Pereira Helton Santos , Melo Leonardo Cunha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study were to investigate the genetic variability and the genotype × environment interaction for quality and yield traits in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), to evaluate the degree of informativeness of the evaluations of grain quality in only one environment, to estimate genetic parameters for grain quality traits, and to select lines with superior grain quality. We evaluated 81 carioca common bean lines in preliminary line trials in several environments for nutritional, technological, and commercial quality and selected the 20 superior lines, which were evaluated in validation trials in nine environments. Individual and combined ANOVAs were performed for all the traits. Correlations were estimated between Fe and Zn concentrations and yield; adaptability and phenotypic stability were analyzed; and superior genotypes were selected based on the Mulamba & Mock index. It is possible to increase the Fe, Zn, and crude protein concentrations and reduce cooking time; however, increasing crude fiber is a challenge. Preliminary evaluation of the quality traits in only one environment was effective and sufficient for selection of genotypes superior in Fe concentration, crude fiber, crude protein, and cooking time; and genetic gains can be obtained from selection for these traits. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were observed between Fe and Zn concentrations. The lines CNFC 16627, CNFC 16518, CNFC 16602, CNFC 16615, and CNFC 16520 are superior based on the selection index and are recommended for breeding for grain quality in carioca common bean.
Facilitating the Decision-Making Process After a Nuclear Accident: Case Studies in the Netherlands and Slovakia
Authors: Asselt Esther D , Twenhöfel Chris JW , Duranova Tatiana , Smetsers Ronald CGM , Bohunova Jarmila , Müller Tim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nuclear accidents do not occur frequently, but their biological, psychosocial, and/or economic consequences may be severe. Hence, a thorough preparation for nuclear emergencies is needed to provide appropriate actions. During the transition phase of an accident, it is vital to include stakeholders in the decision-making process in order to gain support for the recovery strategy to be implemented as well as to share different perspectives, knowledge, and views on the decision problem. Because nuclear accidents are complex, involving many relevant factors that range from technical aspects such as health effects and costs to nontechnical issues such as social acceptance, a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) may facilitate the decision-making process. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of MCDA in the transition phase of a nuclear accident. To this end, an MCDA tool, which uses the weighted sum of a set of normalized criteria, was explored in exercises carried out in panel meetings with a selected set of (largely) governmental stakeholders. The panel meetings were performed in the Netherlands and the Slovak Republic. The exercises were based on a fictitious case study that affected the urban environment of a small city. Prior to the meetings, a set of 8 possible recovery strategies was identified. The use of the MCDA tool showed that it facilitated the decision-making process because it allowed for a structured and transparent approach in which stakeholders with diverse backgrounds can express their opinions and perspectives and reach consensus on the most appropriate recovery strategy. As such, it could be applied to a broader field of research involving any chemical release that necessitates an extended recovery strategy. Future research is needed in order to incorporate psychosocial effects of a nuclear accident as well as a broader group of stakeholders in exercises. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:376–387. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
KEY POINTS
A multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) tool was evaluated in panel meetings in Slovakia and the Netherlands. The tool allowed for different representations of the outcome. The MCDA clearly facilitated decision making after a nuclear accident.
Microscopic anatomy and ultrastructure of the resin ducts of Ferula ferulaeoides (Steud.) Korov. in Xinjiang
Authors: Liu Meng‐meng , Zhang Si‐wei , Liu Qing‐guang , Guo Meng‐meng , Liang Sheng‐hui , Luo Li‐xia , Liu Wen‐xia , Zhu Yun , Liao Kai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFerula ferulaeoides (Steud.) Korov. is a perennial herb that belongs to Umbelliferae (Apiaceae). Its resin and roots have extensive commercial and medicinal value in the Xinjiang region. However, the resin‐secreting resin ducts (RDs) of F. ferulaeoides have not been studied in detail. This study used optical and transmission electron microscopy to explore the anatomical features, including the distribution, size, and structure, of the RDs among different organs of F. ferulaeoides. The microstructure data revealed that the RDs consisted of a round lumen, a layer of secretory cells, and multiple layers of sheath cells. Notably, the RDs in stem were arranged alternatively in a multilayered ring with vascular bundles of three distinct sizes. The ultrastructural analysis revealed that organelles in the secretory cells potentially play important roles in resin secretion. Those data may be of great significance to understanding the anatomy of the RDs in Ferula L. and Umbelliferae.
Can Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion Imaging be Used to Differentiate Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma From Nasopharyngeal Lymphoma?
Authors: Sun Zongqiong , Hu Shudong , Ge Yuxi , Jin Linfang , Huang Jianfeng , Dou Weiqiang 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundDifferentiating nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) from nasopharyngeal lymphoma (NPL) is useful for deciding the appropriate treatment. However, the diagnostic accuracy of current imaging methods is low.PurposeTo explore the feasibility of arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging in the qualitative and quantitative differentiation between NPC and NPL to improve the diagnosis of malignancies in the nasopharynx.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationNinety seven patients: NPC (65 cases) and NPL (32 cases), histologically confirmed.Field Strength/Sequence3T/3D fast spin echo pseudo‐continuous ASL imaging with spiral readout scheme, 3D inverse recovery–fast spoiled gradient recalled echo brain volume (BRAVO) imaging.AssessmentCerebral blood flow (CBF) images from ASL perfusion imaging were assessed by three radiologists. Each tumor was visually scored based on CBF images. Intratumoral CBF and intramuscular CBF values were obtained from intratumoral and lateral pterygoid muscle areas, respectively. Through dividing intratumoral CBF by intramuscular CBF, normalized CBF (nCBF) was further calculated.Statistical TestsFleiss's kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess interobserver agreement among the three readers. The Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to compare visual scoring, and an unpaired t‐test was performed to compare CBF value between the NPC and NPL groups. The area under the curve (AUC) value was used to quantify the diagnostic ability of each parameter.ResultsGood interobserver agreements were validated by high Fleiss's kappa and ICC values (all >0.80). NPCs showed significantly higher visual scores than NPLs (P < 0.05). Both intratumoral CBF and nCBF in NPC were significantly higher than those in NPL (both P < 0.05). Intratumoral CBF showed the highest AUC of 0.861 (P < 0.05) in differentiating NPC (n = 65) from NPL (n = 32), while the AUCs of nCBF and visual scoring were 0.847 and 0.753, respectively.Data ConclusionFor the diagnosis of distinguishing NPC from NPL, ASL perfusion imaging demonstrated high diagnostic efficiency.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2
Permanent pacemaker implantation in unexplained syncope patients with borderline sinus bradycardia and electrophysiology study‐proven sinus node disease
Authors: Doundoulakis Ioannis , Gatzoulis Konstantinos A. , Arsenos Petros , Dilaveris Polychronis , Skiadas Ioannis , Tsiachris Dimitrios , Antoniou Christos‐Konstantinos , Soulaidopoulos Stergios , Karystinos George , Pylarinou Voula , Drakopoulou Maria , Sideris Skevos , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Tousoulis Dimitrios 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSignificant sinus bradycardia (SB) in the context of sinus node dysfunction (SND) has been associated with neurological symptoms. The objective was to evaluate the effect of permanent pacing on the incidence of syncope in patients with rather mild degrees of SB, unexplained syncope, and “positive” invasive electrophysiologic testing.MethodsThis was an observational study based on a prospective registry of 122 consecutive mild SB patients (61.90 ± 18.28 years, 61.5% male, 57.88 ± 7.73 bpm) presenting with recurrent unexplained pre and syncope attacks admitted to our hospital for invasive electrophysiology study (EPS). Τhe implantation of a permanent antibradycardia pacemaker (ABP) was offered to all patients according to the results of the EPS. Eighty patients received the ABP, while 42 denied.ResultsThe mean of reported syncope episodes was 2.23 ± 1.29 (or presyncope 2.36 ± 1.20) in the last 12 months before they were referred for a combined EP guided diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Over a mean follow‐up of approximately 4 years (50.39 ± 32.40 months), the primary outcome event (syncope) occurred in 18 of 122 patients (14.8%), 6 of 80 (7.5%) in the ABP group as compared to 12 of 42 (28.6%) in the no pacemaker group (P = .002).ConclusionsAmong patients with mild degree of SB and a history of unexplained syncope, a set of positivity criteria for the presence of EPS defined SND after differentiating reflex syncope, identifies a subset of patients who will benefit from permanent pacing.
Methods for Determining the Effective Order of Absorption in Radical Multiphoton Photoresists: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Liaros Nikolaos , Fourkas John T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe accurate determination of the effective order of absorption (EOA) for multiphoton absorption polymerization in radical photoresists is critical for the development and characterization of new materials with improved sensitivity and/or resolution. However, reliable measurement of the EOA is a challenging problem. The accuracy of four techniques that have been developed to address this issue is analyzed in terms of the known kinetics of the radical polymerization of polyfunctional monomers. It is demonstrated that methods that are based upon full reciprocity, i.e., the concept that the chemical response of the photoresist depends on the exposure dose, but not on the period over which this dose is delivered, only enable reliable determination of the EOA under a highly constrained set of circumstances. Methods that depend on limited reciprocity, i.e., the concept that the chemical response of the photoresist is the same when the total exposure window is constant, even if the details of the exposure within that window are varied, can enable accurate determination of the EOA over a considerably broader range of operating conditions. This prediction is verified experimentally. The analysis presented here provides guidance for future experiments and a basis for clearer interpretation of previously published results.
Synthesis of Multi Amino Acid Chiral Polymeric Microparticles for Enantioselective Chemistry
Authors: Abuaf Meir , Mastai Yitzhak 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChiral polymeric particles have emerged as a new and exciting field of research and in the last years due to their possible use for many applications in chiral chemistry. In this article, an important question is focused upon that has not been explored in detail in the field of chiral polymeric particles. The main question is whether the chiral composition of the polymeric particles affects their chiral recognition. The hypothesis is that chiral polymeric particles with a variety of different chiral groups will improve chiral recognition and improve their use of enantioselectivity crystallization. Consequently, chiral microparticles based on one up to three different amino acids based monomers are prepared by precipitation polymerization. The chiral microspheres are characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscope (SEM), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and display a narrow size distribution in the range of 1–2 μm. The chiral discrimination ability of these chiral microspheres for enantioselective crystallization is studied in the crystallization of DL‐leucine crystallization, as a model system. Time‐resolved polarimetry, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are used to provide evidence for enantioselective crystallization. Surprisingly the results show that only particles composed of one amino acids monomers show the best results for enantioselective crystallization.
Recent Progress in Ionic Coassembly of Cationic Peptides and Anionic Species
Authors: Xie Xiaoming , Zheng Tingting , Li Wen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPeptide assembly has been extensively exploited as a promising platform for the creation of hierarchical nanostructures and tailor‐made bioactive materials. Ionic coassembly of cationic peptides and anionic species is paving the way to provide particularly important contribution to this topic. In this review, the recent progress of ionic coassembly soft materials derived from the electrostatic coupling between cationic peptides and anionic species in aqueous solution is systematically summarized. The presentation of this review starts from a brief background on the general importance and advantages of peptide‐based ionic coassembly. After that, diverse combinations of cationic peptides with small anions, macro‐ and/or oligo‐anions, anionic polymers, and inorganic polyoxometalates are described. Emphasis is placed on the hierarchical structures, value‐added properties, and applications. The molecular design of cationic peptides and the general principles behind the ionic coassembled structures are discussed. It is summarized that the combination of interesting and unique characteristics that arise both from the chemical diversity of peptides and the wide range of anionic species may contribute in a variety of output, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, gene transfection, and antibacterial activity. The emergent new phenomena and findings are illustrated. Finally, the outlook for the peptide‐based ionic coassembly systems is also presented.
The Role of Early and Later Response on Overall Outcomes in School‐Based Obesity Intervention
Authors: Arlinghaus Katherine R. , O’Connor Daniel P. , Ledoux Tracey A. , Hughes Sheryl O. , Johnston Craig A. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveEarly response to obesity intervention consistently predicts long‐term BMI reductions. However, little is known about how changes in weight at other times in an intervention may impact long‐term outcomes. This study examined the relationship between weight‐related changes that occurred early and later during an intervention and the association between these changes with overall outcomes.MethodsA secondary analysis of a school‐based obesity intervention with replicated efficacy among Hispanic middle school students was conducted (n = 174). Linear regression models were developed in which first and second semester changes in BMI represented as a percentage of the 95th BMI percentile (%BMIp95) were separately used to predict overall %BMIp95 outcomes. First semester changes in %BMIp95 were used to predict subsequent %BMIp95 change (i.e., second semester).ResultsChanges in %BMIp95 during both the first and second semesters were independently associated with overall changes from baseline (e.g., at 24 months: first semester, β = 0.59, P < 0.01; second semester, β = 1.02, P < 0.001). First semester %BMIp95 change was not associated with second semester change (β = −0.07, P = 0.32).ConclusionsChange at any point during the intervention was predictive of overall weight outcomes. Additional research is needed to understand patterns of weight changes throughout interventions to better understand long‐term outcomes.
A Multicenter Analysis of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as Adjuvant Therapy Following Treatment of Isolated Brain Metastasis
Authors: Randall Patrinely J. , Funck-Brentano Elisa , Nguyen Khang , Rapisuwon Suthee , Salem Joe-Elie , Gibney Geoffrey T. , Carlino Matteo , Johnson Douglas B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The objective of this work was to characterize outcomes of patients with isolated brain metastases managed with local therapy followed by immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.

Materials and Methods
Patients from four medical centers were included if they presented with isolated brain metastases treated with local therapy and received adjuvant treatment with ICIs.

Results
Eleven patients with median size of largest brain metastasis of 3.9 cm, treated with surgical resection (n = 8) and/or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS; n = 6), were included. Ipilimumab/nivolumab was the adjuvant ICI used in four patients, of whom one recurred (25%) and none died, compared with three of seven (43%) who recurred and two of seven (29%) who died following adjuvant treatment with ICI monotherapy. All recurrences were intracranial.

Conclusion
Patients with isolated brain metastases treated with surgery or SRS appeared to benefit from adjuvant ICI therapy, particularly with combination therapy. Recurrences in this setting appear to largely occur intracranially.
Untargeted metabolomic and molecular network approaches to reveal tomato root secondary metabolites
Authors: Messaili Souhila , Qu Yanyan , Fougère Laëtitia , Colas Cyril , Desneux Nicolas , Lavoir Anne‐Violette , Destandau Emilie , Michel Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe tomato plant, Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae), is one of the most widely consumed vegetables in the world and plays an important role in human diet. Tomato cultivars are hosts for diverse types of pests, implying diverse chemical defence strategies. Glycoalkaloids are the main specialised metabolites produced by tomato leaves and fruits to protect against pests. However, the roots have received little attention, leading to limited knowledge about their phytochemical content.ObjectiveThe main goal of the current study was the development of an untargeted ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐HRMS) based metabolomic approach to study phytochemical variations in tomato roots at two different development stages (i.e. 34th and 62nd day after sowing).MethodsUHPLC‐HRMS was used to establish the fingerprint of 24 batches of tomato roots. Statistical analyses were performed to highlight the compounds that discriminated between young and mature tomato roots. A dereplication strategy using molecular networking and HRMS/MS data was set up to identify the metabolites regulated during early root development.Key findingsThe main biomarkers were guanidine and adenosine derivatives associated with tryptophan. Secondary metabolites such as glycoalkaloids and steroidal alkaloids were also characterised. Most of the metabolites were up‐regulated in young tomato roots (34 days old) while tryptophan was up‐regulated in the older roots (62 days old).ConclusionThe metabolic changes observed in this work contribute to a deeper understanding of early‐stage root development and may help our understanding of the complex processes involved in the tomato root defence arsenal.
Tunable thermoresponsive β‐cyclodextrin‐based star polymers
Authors: Vrijsen Jeroen Hendrik , Van de Reydt Emma , Junkers Tanja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThermoresponsive star polymers were synthesized by copolymerization of water‐soluble acrylate monomers, di(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether acrylate (DEGA) and 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), in a core‐first approach using a modified β‐cyclodextrin multifunctional initiator and photo‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP). The controlled character of the polymerization, as well as the formation of statistical star copolymers, was demonstrated. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) is conveniently tuned by varying the ratio of the two hydrophilic monomers. The cyclodextrin core appears to lead to a lowering of the LCST, and introduction of a hydrophobic pocket via star block copolymer synthesis allowed for further tunability of the cloud point temperature. In the final step, we demonstrate that the star polymers made in here can be used as facile carriers and solubilizers for hydrophobic compounds, highlighting their applicability in the biomedical field.
Microwave‐Induced Structural Engineering and Pt Trapping in 6R‐TaS2 for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Najafi Leyla , Bellani Sebastiano , Oropesa‐Nuñez Reinier , Brescia Rosaria , Prato Mirko , Pasquale Lea , Demirci Cansunur , Drago Filippo , Martín‐García Beatriz , Luxa Jan , Manna Liberato , Sofer Zdeněk , Bonaccorso Francesco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe nanoengineering of the structure of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is widely pursued to develop viable catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) alternative to the precious metallic ones. Metallic group‐5 TMDs have been demonstrated to be effective catalysts for the HER in acidic media, making affordable real proton exchange membrane water electrolysers. Their key‐plus relies on the fact that both their basal planes and edges are catalytically active for the HER. In this work, the 6R phase of TaS2 is “rediscovered” and engineered. A liquid‐phase microwave treatment is used to modify the structural properties of the 6R‐TaS2 nanoflakes produced by liquid‐phase exfoliation. The fragmentation of the nanoflakes and their evolution from monocrystalline to partly polycrystalline structures improve the HER‐activity, lowering the overpotential at cathodic current of 10 mA cm−2 from 0.377 to 0.119 V. Furthermore, 6R‐TaS2 nanoflakes act as ideal support to firmly trap Pt species, which achieve a mass activity (MA) up 10 000 A gPt−1 at overpotential of 50 mV (20 000 A gPt−1 at overpotentials of 72 mV), representing a 20‐fold increase of the MA of Pt measured for the Pt/C reference, and approaching the state‐of‐the‐art of the Pt mass activity.