bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Sex on Outcomes With Femoral Artery Closure Devices Versus Manual Compression in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Anderson Wesley L. , Torabi Asad J. , O'leary Brian A. , Breall Jeffrey A. , Sinha Anjan K. , Jaradat Ziad A. , Morris Michelle C. , Frick Kyle A. , Romeh Ibrahim A. , Iqtidar Ali F. , von der Lohe Elisabeth , Kreutz Rolf P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsFemoral artery access is widely used despite recent increase in radial access for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Femoral artery closure devices are used to shorten vascular closure time and reduce bleeding. We sought to examine sex‐based outcomes of femoral artery vascular closure devices (VCD) in patients undergoing PCI.MethodsWe identified patients who had undergone PCI (n = 11,415) in the Indiana University Health Multicenter Cardiac Cath registry using femoral artery access. Clinical outcomes were compared between VCD and manual compression and analyzed according to sex. Patients with cardiogenic shock and left ventricular support devices were excluded.ResultsThe use of any vascular closure device as compared to femoral artery manual compression was associated with a reduction in 72‐h bleeding events (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46–0.87). With manual compression, women had higher rates of 72‐h bleeding as compared to men (4.5% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001). Women demonstrated greater absolute risk reduction in 72‐h bleeding events with use of VCD as compared to men (2.8% vs. 0.8%, p < 0.001). For women, VCD were associated with lower risk of access site bleeding (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.24–0.8), hematoma (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.2–0.63), and vascular complications (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09–0.72). Use of VCD was associated with lower risk of in‐hospital death (adjusted OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.28–0.58; p < 0.001) in multivariable regression analysis.ConclusionWomen derive more benefit from use of femoral artery VCD during PCI than men with greater reduction in bleeding rates, access site hematoma, and vascular complications.
Assessment of Breast Self‐Examination Knowledge, Attitude and Practice and Associated Factors Among Female Preparatory Students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: An Institutional Based Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Woldeselassie Fikirte , Jote Setusega , Tewelde Bisrat , Redae Gebru Hailu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimBreast cancer is becoming a major public health concern globally, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess factors related to knowledge, attitude regarding breast cancer, and breast self‐examination (BSE) practices among female preparatory students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 844 participants using a pretested self‐administered questionnaire in 2021 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with the outcome variables. A level of significance was declared based on the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval and p ≤ 0.05.ResultsOf the participants, 41.6% demonstrated good knowledge, and 47% have positive attitudes regarding breast cancer and BSE. Only, 21.9% practiced BSE regularly. Low family income (AOR = 1.791; 95% CI, 1.140–2.813) and lack of BSE awareness (AOR = 2.051; 95% CI, 1.511–2.784) were found to be associated with poor knowledge. Negative attitude was found to be significantly related to Poor knowledge (AOR = 0.713; 95% CI, 0.522–0.973) and lack of BSE awareness (AOR = 0.413; 95% CI, 0.300–0.568).ConclusionMore than half of the participants had inadequate knowledge and negative attitudes toward breast cancer and BSE, with poor BSE practice. School‐based health education programs are needed to improve the participants' knowledge and attitudes.
Evaluation of Demographic, Clinical, and Histological Characteristics of Spitz Nevus Among Iranian Patients: A Retrospective Study From 2016 to 2021
Authors: Aryanian Zeinab , Kamyab Kambiz , Shakoei Safoura , Etesami Ifa , Azhari Vahidehsadat , Hesami Sami , Khayyat Azadeh , Hatami Parvaneh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsSpitz nevus is a rare benign tumor classified among unusual melanocytic nevi. This study aimed to identify the demographic, clinical, and histopathological characteristics of Spitz nevus among Iranian patients.MethodsThis descriptive, retrospective study involved reviewing the records of patients diagnosed with Spitz nevus at a referral and academic hospital in Iran between 2016 and 2021. Data were extracted regarding demographic characteristics, including age, gender, location, clinical symptoms, disease duration, medical history, and medication history. Additionally, biopsied lesions were evaluated for histopathological features.ResultsA total of 86 patients were evaluated, comprising 37 males (43.5%) and 49 females (55.5%). The mean age was 15.6 years (SD ± 14.8). The most common sites of involvement were the upper extremities (23.3%) and face (17.4%). Disease durations of 1 and 2 years were the most prevalent, observed in 24 (27.9%) and 26 patients (30.2%), respectively. Notably, none of the patients had any underlying diseases. Histopathological evaluation revealed compound Spitz nevus in 25 patients (29.4%), junctional Spitz nevus in 14 patients (16.5%), and dermal Spitz nevus in 10 patients (11.8%).ConclusionThis study provides a comprehensive overview of the demographics, clinical presentation, and histopathological features of Spitz nevus among Iranian patients, highlighting the necessity for ongoing research and innovation in diagnostic techniques.
“Exploring the Link Between Oral Lichen Planus and Xerostomia: A Systematic Literature Review”
Authors: AghaHosseini Farzaneh , Tahmasebinasab Maryam , Vatanpour Mehdi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic disorder affecting the oral mucosa, potentially associated with xerostomia, either independently or concurrently. Research suggests that approximately 45% of patients with erythematous and ulcerative OLP may experience dry mouth sensations. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the current literature regarding the potential relationship or co‐occurrence of xerostomia with OLP. Understanding this association is imperative for the development of comprehensive management strategies and the improvement of patient outcomes.Method and MaterialThe study followed the PRISMA 2020 checklist and included human studies, specifically investigating xerostomia in patients with OLP. After screening 897 articles, 9 studies were selected based on predefined criteria Quality assessment was conducted using the Cochrane risk of bias tools: ROB 2 for RCTs and ROBINS‐I for non‐randomized studies Scale was conducted to evaluate potential biases in study design, selection, and outcomes.ResultA systematic review of nine studies (1960–2023) examining xerostomia in OLP patients found a significant reduction in unstimulated salivary flow rates in many cases. Although evidence links xerostomia with OLP, a definitive causal relationship remains unestablished. Some studies highlighted Candida infection, altered saliva protein expression, and inflammation‐related nerve damage as contributing factors to dry mouth in OLP patients.Discussion and ConclusionThis systematic review examines the potential relationship between OLP and xerostomia, focusing on factors such as salivary flow, histopathological changes, and immune‐related mechanisms. While some studies suggest a link between OLP and reduced saliva production, no definitive causal relationship has been established. The review identified significant research gaps, including inconsistent methodologies and a lack of standardized criteria. Future studies should explore different OLP forms, receptor interactions, immune responses, and neuropeptides to gain a better understanding of xerostomia's etiopathogenesis and improve management strategies for OLP patients.
Relation Explore Convolutional Block Attention Module for Skin Lesion Classification
Authors: Su Qichen , Hamed Haza Nuzly Abdull , Zhou Dazhuo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSkin cancer remains a significant global health concern, demanding accurate and efficient diagnostic solutions. Despite advances in convolutional neural networks for computer vision, automated skin lesion diagnosis remains challenging due to the small lesion region in images and limited inter‐class variation. Accurate classification depends on precise lesion localization and recognition of fine‐grained visual differences. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an enhancement to the Convolutional Block Attention Module, referred to as Relation Explore Convolutional Block Attention Module. This enhancement improves upon the existing module by utilizing multiple combinations of pooling‐based attentions, enabling the model to better learn and leverage complex interactions during training. Extensive experiments are conducted to investigate the performance of skin lesion diagnosis when integrating Relation Explore Convolutional Block Attention Module with ResNet50 at different stages. The best‐performing model achieves outstanding classification results on the publicly available HAM10000 dataset, with an Accuracy of 97.63%, Precision of 88.98%, Sensitivity of 82.86%, Specificity of 97.65%, and F1‐score of 85.46%, using fivefold cross‐validation. The high performance of this model, alongside the clear interpretability provided by its attention maps, builds trust in automated systems. This trust empowers clinicians to make well‐informed decisions, significantly enhancing the potential for improved patient outcomes.
Interactive Pulmonary Lobe Segmentation in CT Images Based on Oriented Derivative of Stick Filter and Surface Fitting Model
Authors: Peng Yuanyuan , Liao Jiawei , Xu Xuemei , Zhang Zixu , Zhu Siqiang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAutomated approaches for pulmonary lobe segmentation frequently encounter difficulties when applied to clinically significant cases, primarily stemming from factors such as incomplete and blurred pulmonary fissures, unpredictable pathological deformation, indistinguishable pulmonary arteries and veins, and severe damage to the lung trachea. To address these challenges, an interactive and intuitive approach utilizing an oriented derivative of stick (ODoS) filter and a surface fitting model is proposed to effectively extract and repair incomplete pulmonary fissures for accurate lung lobe segmentation in computed tomography (CT) images. First, an ODoS filter was employed in a two‐dimensional (2D) space to enhance the visibility of pulmonary fissures using a triple‐stick template to match the curvilinear structures across various orientations. Second, a three‐dimensional (3D) post‐processing pipeline based on a direction partition and integration approach was implemented for the initial detection of pulmonary fissures. Third, a coarse‐to‐fine segmentation strategy is utilized to eliminate extraneous clutter and rectify missed pulmonary fissures, thereby generating accurate pulmonary fissure segmentation. Finally, considering that pulmonary fissures serve as physical boundaries of the lung lobes, a multi‐projection technique and surface fitting model were combined to generate a comprehensive fissure surface for pulmonary lobe segmentation. To assess the effectiveness of our approach, we actively participated in an internationally recognized lung lobe segmentation challenge known as LObe and Lung Analysis 2011 (LOLA11), which encompasses 55 CT scans. The validity of the proposed methodology was confirmed by its successful application to a publicly accessible challenge dataset. Overall, our method achieved an average intersection over union (IoU) of 0.913 for lung lobe segmentation, ranking seventh among all participants so far. Furthermore, experimental outcomes demonstrated excellent performance compared with other methods, as evidenced by both visual examination and quantitative evaluation.
ACT for OCD: An Example of ACT and Values‐Based Exposures
Authors: Capel Leila K. , Twohig Michael P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTExposure exercises as seen in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure and response prevention (ERP) are standard in the treatment of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). In the last two decades, additional research has been conducted on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and the ways that exposure exercises are conducted from an ACT model. Empirical support for conducting exposures from an ACT model exists. Group level statistics suggest that ACT with ACT‐based exposures is as effective as traditional ERP or CBT. A key component of ACT and values‐based exposures is the focus on teaching psychological flexibility to allow for engagement with values‐based exposures. In this case study, we present an adult woman with OCD who completed 24 sessions of ACT+ values‐based exposures. Client scores on the Y‐BOCS decreased from severe levels to mild‐moderate levels through treatment. Additionally, the client was more actively engaged in her life and reported greater quality of life at the conclusion of treatment. The goal of this case study is to demonstrate how values‐based exposures can be used in the treatment of OCD.
Protecting Against Loneliness: The Mediating Role of Sense of Community
Authors: Samuels Hannah C. , Jeong Ansuk 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLoneliness is a growing public health concern that impacts individual's well‐being. However, mechanisms that protect against the effects of loneliness have not been examined widely. Guided by prior literature documenting that loneliness and a sense of community are related, this study sought to test the mediating role of a sense of community on loneliness and well‐being and the moderating role of gender. A sample of 2993 Korean adults completed an online survey regarding their sense of community, loneliness, and well‐being. We conducted mediation and moderated mediation analyses. The mediation analysis revealed that sense of community mediates the relationship between loneliness and well‐being suggesting that sense of community may be an important area for intervention. Analyses did not reveal gender differences in the relationship between loneliness and sense of community. The findings of this study may be important when considering the design of community‐based interventions to address loneliness.
Vesicovaginal Reflux: A Masquerader
Authors: Arora Sumedha , Solanki Anupama Bais , Singh Divya , Solanki Fanindra 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVesicovaginal reflux (VVR) is a functional disorder seen in girls and women. It may be asymptomatic or cause incontinence and dribbling symptoms. It is often associated with high body mass index (BMI) and infrequent voiding or abnormal voiding position. It is important to be aware of this entity as it can be mistaken for a vesicovaginal or urethrovaginal fistula or hydrocolpos on imaging all of which require surgical treatment. The fluid collecting in the vagina in VVR is urine which refluxes during micturition via the introitus from the urinary bladder into the vagina and can leak out later. In a typical case, urocolpos is seen as an anechoic fluid collection in the vagina during transabdominal sonography of the pelvis with a full bladder. It usually diminishes in size and can disappear when the patient is reassessed after voiding the urine completely. Knowledge of this entity in a patient with the classical body habitus is helpful in preventing an unnecessary imaging odyssey and causing anxiety to the patient. Treatment of VVR is by modification of toileting behavior and weight loss.
Predictors Based on the Radiologic Characteristics for Aggressiveness of Small (< 20 mm) Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Ren Shu‐Jie , Yang Fan , Tan Qing‐Quan , Liu Chang , Liu Xu‐Bao , Tan Chun‐Lu , Wang Xing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesTo find the association between preoperative computed tomography (CT) features combined with tumor marker and known high‐risk factors of small nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF‐PNETS), thereby selecting appropriate treatment strategy for these patients.MethodOne hundred fourteen patients with NF‐PNETs< 20 mm who underwent surgical operation were retrospectively analyzed from 2009 to 2023. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to find the relationship between preoperative clinical psychological and CT features and high‐risk factors. The overall survival (OS) rates with and without high‐risk factors were compared.ResultsOf 114 patients, 29(25%) had at least one of these high‐risk factors. Main pancreatic duct dilation (OR, 3.315; 95% CI, 1.079–10.184; p = 0.036), irregular tumor margin (OR, 2.955; 95% CI, 1.021–8.551; p = 0.046), positive tumor marker (OR, 6.047; 95% CI, 1.408–25.963; p = 0.015) were associated with increased odds of having any of these high‐risk factors. The time to death differed significantly between patients with and without high‐risk factors. Patients combining with high‐risk factors were associated with lower 3‐ and 5‐year OS (100% vs. 81.8%, 93.1% vs. 81.8%, respectively; p = 0.035 for both).ConclusionMain pancreatic duct dilation, irregular tumor margin and positive tumor marker could screen a subset of patients recommended for surgery.
Development and Validation of a Machine Learning Model for Detection and Classification of Vertigo
Authors: Tang Xiaowu , Ye Weijie , Ou Yongkang , Ye Hongsheng , Zhu Xiran , Huang Dong , Liu Jinming , Zhao Fei , Deng Wenting , Li Chenlong , Cai Weiwei , Zheng Yiqing , Zeng Junbo , Cai Yuexin 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThis study aims to investigate whether artificial intelligence can improve the diagnostic accuracy of vertigo related diseases.Experimental DesignBased on the clinical guidelines, clinical symptoms and laboratory test results were extracted from electronic medical records as variables. These variables were then input into a machine learning diagnostic model for classification and diagnosis. This study encompasses two primary objectives: Task 1 to distinguish between patients with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) and non‐BPPV. In Task 2, further classifying non‐BPPV patients into Ménière's Disease (MD), Vestibular Migraine (VM), and Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss accompanied by Vertigo (SSNHLV). The sensitivity, precision, and area under the curve (AUC) metric is primarily used to assess the performance of the machine learning model development phase in a prospective validation cohort.ResultsIn our study, 1789 patients were recruited as the training cohort and 1148 patients as the prospective validation cohort. The comprehensive diagnostic performance of the XGBoost model surpasses that of traditional models. The sensitivity, accuracy, and AUC in task 1 were 98.32%, 87.03%, and 0.947, respectively. In task 2, the sensitivity values for MD, SSNHLV, and VM were 89.00%, 100.0%, and 79.40%, respectively. The precision values were 88.80%, 100.0%, and 80.00%, respectively. The AUC values were 0.933, 1.000, and 0.931, respectively. The model can significantly improve the accuracy of diagnosing vertigo diseases.ConclusionsThis system may enhance the accuracy of classification and diagnosis of vertigo diseases. It offers initial therapy or referrals to clinical doctors, particularly in resource‐limited settings.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 2024
Lubrication Performance and Wear Mechanism of Double‐Circular‐Arc Spiral Bevel Gears for Nutation Drive in Mixed Lubrication
Authors: Lin Bin , Pan Ling , Tang Jiating , Tan Shiyang , Zhang Jun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication model is combined with a wear model under mixed lubrication to investigate the lubrication performance and wear characteristics of double‐circular‐arc spiral bevel gears for nutation drive. Moreover, the effects of operating conditions on the characteristic parameters of the film are analysed under the mixed lubrication point‐contact conditions. Furthermore, the characteristics of gears in terms of friction coefficient and wear depth are discussed. According to the results, the performance of lubrication and wear during the mutual meshing of the convex tooth surface of the external bevel gear and the concave tooth surface of the inner bevel gear is better than that during the mutual meshing of the other pair of tooth surfaces. The minimum film thickness of the whole meshing process occurs near the inner of the bevel gear due to the joint action of the load and the end edge effect. Moreover, an increase in torque at a certain rotational speed is favourable to the lubrication performance of the meshing process. The wear depth in the double‐circular‐arc spiral bevel gears' meshing process is heavily influenced by the roughness of the tooth surface.
The Effects of Avatar Human‐Likeness on Psychological Closeness in Virtual‐Reality
Authors: Chae Rebecca L. , Lee Hyojin , Kim Eunsoo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis research explores the impact of avatar human‐likeness on psychological closeness and its downstream consequences in virtual‐reality work and learning environments. Study 1 suggests that people feel greater psychological closeness to more (vs. less) humanlike avatars. Study 2 applies machine learning to virtual‐reality recordings and shows that people physically move closer to more (vs. less) humanlike avatars. Study 3 extends these findings by showing that avatar human‐likeness positively influences attitudes toward adopting virtual‐reality in education. Finally, Study 4 shows that enhanced psychological closeness to humanlike avatars promotes trust in instructors, leading to more favorable attitudes toward virtual experience. Two additional studies that conceptually replicate the main findings are reported in the Supporting Information. Results are consistent between hypothetical scenarios and real virtual‐reality experiences, controlled experiments using within‐ and between‐subjects designs, and self‐reported measures of closeness and actual physical closeness. These findings provide implications for designing effective virtual‐reality experiences in education and corporate settings, emphasizing the importance of humanlike avatars in fostering closeness and enhancing user experiences.