bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Describing variability in pig genes involved in coronavirus infections: towards a One Health perspective in conservation of animal genetic resources
Authors: Bovo Samuele , Schiavo Giuseppina , Ribani Anisa , Utzeri Valerio Joe , Taurisano Valeria , Ballan Mohamad , Muñoz Maria , Alves Estefania , Araujo Jose P. , Bozzi Riccardo , Charneca Rui , Palma Federica Di , Djurkin Ivona , Etherington Graham , Fernandez Ana I. , García Fabián , García-Casco Juan , Karolyi Danijel , Gallo Maurizio , Martins José Manuel , Mercat Marie-José , Núñez Yolanda , Quintanilla Raquel , Radović Čedomir , Razmaite Violeta , Riquet Juliette , Savić Radomir , Škrlep Martin , Usai Grazioano , Zimmer Christoph , Ovilo Cristina , Fontanesi Luca 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Coronaviruses silently circulate in human and animal populations, causing mild to severe diseases. Therefore, livestock are important components of a “One Health” perspective aimed to control these viral infections. However, at present there is no example that considers pig genetic resources in this context. In this study, we investigated the variability of four genes (ACE2, ANPEP and DPP4 encoding for host receptors of the viral spike proteins and TMPRSS2 encoding for a host proteinase) in 23 European (19 autochthonous and three commercial breeds and one wild boar population) and two Asian Sus scrofa populations. A total of 2229 variants were identified in the four candidate genes: 26% of them were not previously described; 29 variants affected the protein sequence and might potentially interact with the infection mechanisms. The results coming from this work are a first step towards a “One Health” perspective that should consider conservation programmes of pig genetic resources with twofold objectives: i) genetic resources could be reservoirs of host gene variability useful to design selection programmes to increase resistance to coronaviruses; ii) the described variability in genes involved in coronavirus infections across many different pig populations might be part of a risk assessment including pig genetic resources.
Phase I Trial of Intra-arterial Administration of Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients with Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Chung Seok Jong , Lee Tae Yong , Lee Yang Hyun , Baik KyoungWon , Jung Jin Ho , Yoo Han Soo , Shim Chang Jae , Eom Hyojin , Hong Ji-Yeon , Kim Dong Joon , Sohn Young H. , Lee Phil Hyu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the safety and tolerability of the intra-arterial administration of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA)-cerebellar type (MSA-C).Methods: This was a single-center, open-label phase I clinical trial in patients with MSA-C. A three-stage dose escalation scheme (low-dose, 3.0 × 105 cells/kg; medium-dose, 6.0 × 105 cells/kg; high-dose, 9.0 × 105 cells/kg) was applied to determine the maximum tolerated dose of intra-arterial administration of BM-MSCs based on the no-observed-adverse-effect level derived from the toxicity study. The occurrence of adverse events was evaluated 1 day before and 1, 14, and 28 days after BM-MSC therapy. Additionally, we assessed changes in the Unified MSA Rating Scale (UMSARS) score 3 months after BM-MSC treatment.Results: One serious adverse drug reaction (ADR) of leptomeningeal enhancement following the intra-arterial BM-MSC administration occurred in one patient in the low-dose group. The safety review of the Internal Monitoring Committee interpreted this as radiological evidence of the blood-brain barrier permeability for MSCs. No other ADRs were observed in the medium- or high-dose groups. In particular, no ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted images were observed in any of the study participants. Additionally, the medium- and high-dose groups tended to show a slower increase in UMSARS scores than the low-dose group during the 3-month follow-up.Conclusions: The present study confirmed that a single intra-arterial administration of autologous BM-MSCs is a safe and promising neuroprotective strategy in patients with MSA-C.Trial registration: This trial was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03265444. Registered 29 August 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03265444?term=NCT03265444.&draw=2&rank=1.
Significance of placental swab in diagnosing vertical transmission in SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers.
Authors: Sweeney Isabelle , Khan Rizwan , Assaf Niazy Al 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
AimsCurrently, there is limited date on the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy and neonatal outcome. This literature review aims to investigate the possibility of fetal vertical transmission in COVID-19 positive pregnant mothers by diagnosing through placental swabs.MethodsThe search terms ‘pregnant COVID-19 positive mothers’, ‘fetal vertical transmission’ and ‘placental swabs’ were used. 11 papers were selected for this review.ResultsThis literature review comprises 45 COVID-19 positive pregnant women whose placentas and neonates were also analysed by RT-PCR for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. 43 neonates were successfully delivered primarily via caesarean section out of 45 expectant mothers (96%). 2 mothers did not deliver due to severe preeclampsia and a miscarriage both occurring in the second trimester. 3 neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (7%). We report no neonatal mortality after birth and no maternal mortality. 8 female’s placentas tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 out of a total of 45 tested (18%). Of these 8, 2 cases of SARS-CoV-2 were identified in the maternal, neonatal and placental tissue.ConclusionAfter reviewing multiple studies and investigating the nature of placental physiology in SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers we conclude that there is no concrete evidence of vertical transmission occurring between mother and infant. However, there are inconsistencies across the different papers used for this review and further research investigating the effects of COVID-19 on pregnant women by using RT-PCR to test the mother, placenta, vaginal fluid, breast milk and infant for SARS-CoV-2 at various stages of transmission is urgently needed.
Multi-scale update on precipitation characteristics at Jinan, East China
Authors: Chen Shufen , Liu Le , Xu Shuaishuai , Ma Meihong , Wang Dacheng , Wang Feng , Liu Jing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Extreme precipitation triggered by climate change is a hot issue of global concern. This study investigates changes in temporal trends of precipitation at Jinan City, Shandong Province over the last six decades. It first constructs a long series of measured daily precipitation data (1951–2017) and then exploits the relative variability, Mann–Kendall, and rescaled range analysis (R/S analysis) methods to update precipitation characteristics. Results indicate that: (1) annual precipitation varies over 116%, with 74.1% of total precipitation concentrated from June to September, especially for heavy rains and storm days; (2) at the 95% confidence level, the annual rainfall does not increase significantly (U = 1.15), but there is a significant upward trend in the spring (U = 2.08), whereas there is no significant downward trend in the fall (U = −1.03); (3) precipitation sequence mutates in 1990, consistent with spring precipitation series, while there are two to four mutations in summer, autumn, and winter. The above results will provide the theoretical basis and data support for the rational development of water resources in Jinan; meanwhile, studying the law of precipitation changes in Jinan City has important practical significance for flood disaster prevention.
A Comprehensive Review on Nanotechnology-Based Innovations in Topical Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Skin Cancer
Authors: Lalotra Arun Singh , Singh Vishesh , Khurana Bharat , Agrawal Shelly , Shrestha Shubham , Arora Daisy 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Skin is the largest organ of the body and helps to regulate several physiological functions.
It acts as a barrier that protects the body against UV-radiation, toxic substances, infections, etc. The abnormal
growth of the skin cells is called skin cancer. Different types of skin cancer can be classified as Basal
Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC); which mainly occur due to chronic exposure to
UV- sunlight and pollution.

Methods:
The conventional topical treatments of skin cancer such as cream, gel, ointment, etc., are more occlusive
and thus they do not penetrate deep into the skin (dermal layer) and remain at the upper part of the skin
(epidermal layer). The stratum corneum acts as a physiological barrier for the drug-loaded in the conventional
formulation. The novel carrier systems have the potential to facilitate the penetration of the drug deep into the
skin (dermal layer) because these have less size and higher flexibility than conventional treatment.

Conclusion:
In the present review, we have discussed various novel carrier systems being investigated for the
topical application of chemotherapeutic agents for efficient skin targeting and better dermatological as well as
therapeutic benefits with minimal systemic exposure and toxicity.
Insight into Mechanism of Action of Anticancer Benzazoles
Authors: Ozturk Ozum , Aki-Yalcin Esin , Yalcin Ismail , Grifitth Renate 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Targeting the DNA topoisomerase II enzyme (topo II) is a promising anticancer
treatment approach. TopoII controls and modifies the topological states of DNA and plays key roles in
DNA replication, transcription, and chromosome segregation. The DNA binding and cleavage domain is
one of the active sites of this enzyme. It is known that topoisomerase inhibitors, also known as topoisomerase
poisons, bind to the transient enzyme-DNA complex and inhibit the religation of DNA, generating
single- and double-stranded breaks that harm the integrity of the genome. This ultimately leads to
the accumulation of DNA strand breaks and cell death.

Methods:
Our previously synthesized benzazole derivatives were tested for their eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase
II inhibitory activity in a cell-free system. Their interactions with the enzyme were studied by
carrying out molecular docking studies using and comparing two different docking programs.

Results:
The results of the docking studies clarified binding modes of these compounds to the topoisomerase
II enzyme.

Conclusion:
This study also provides guidelines to design novel and more potent antitumor agents functioning
as human topoisomerase II enzyme inhibitors.
N-Terminal-Dependent Protein Degradation and Targeting Cancer Cells
Authors: Eldeeb Mohamed A. 
Published: August 2020

:
Intracellular protein degradation is mediated selectively by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS)
and autophagic-lysosomal system in mammalian cells. Many cellular and physiological processes, such as cell
division, cell differentiation, and cellular demise, are fine-tuned via the UPS-mediated protein degradation.
Notably, impairment of UPS contributes to human disorders, including cancer and neurodegeneration. The proteasome-
dependent N-degron pathways mediate the degradation of proteins through their destabilizing aminoterminal
residues. Recent advances unveiled that targeting N-degron proteolytic pathways can aid in sensitizing
some cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Furthermore, interestingly, exploiting the N-degron feature, the
simplest degradation signal in mammals, and fusing it to a ligand specific for Estrogen-Related Receptor alpha
(ERRa) has demonstrated its utility in ERRa knockdown, via N-terminal dependent degradation, and also
its efficiency in the inhibition of growth of breast cancer cells. These recent advances uncover the therapeutic
implications of targeting and exploiting N-degron proteolytic pathways to curb growth and migration of
cancer cells.
Comparison of Radiographic and Ultrasonographic Findings of Medial Elbow Laxity in High School Baseball Players
Authors: Harada Mikio , Takahara Masatoshi , Maruyama Masahiro , Sasaki Junya , Satake Hiroshi , Uno Tomohiro , Mura Nariyuki , Takagi Michiaki 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Although ultrasonography has been used to assess medial elbow laxity, its usefulness has not yet been confirmed.

objective:
The aim of this study were to assess medial elbow laxity in high school baseball players based on measurements of the medial joint space (MJS) of the elbow using ultrasonography and radiography and to investigate the correlation between these assessments.

Methods:
Thirty-two high school baseball players participated in this study. Fourteen players (44%) were diagnosed with Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) injury. Valgus stress was applied to the elbow by gravity during ultrasonographic and radiographic assessments, and the MJS was measured. The MJS of the throwing side was compared with that of the non-throwing side, and the increase in the MJS of the throwing side was determined. The correlation between ultrasonographic and radiographic assessments was investigated and the usefulness of these assessments for the diagnosis of UCL injury was evaluated.

Results:
A moderate correlation was found between the ultrasonographic and radiographic assessments of the MJS of the throwing side (correlation coefficient=0.547, P=0.0009). Furthermore, a weak correlation was found for the increase in MJS (correlation coefficient=0.348, P=0.0505), although it was not significant. The comparisons of the radiographic assessments between the UCL injury and non-UCL injury groups showed a significant difference in both the MJS of the throwing side (P=0.0068) and the increase in the MJS (P=0.02), although no difference was found using ultrasonography.

Conclusion:
Ultrasonography, similar to radiography, is useful for assessing medial elbow laxity. While radiography is useful for diagnosing UCL injury.
Description of New American Carduelis/Spinus Bird Species in La Paz (Bolivia): C./S. lapazensis.
Authors: Arnaiz-Villena Antonio , Ruiz-del-Valle Valentín , Suarez-Trujillo Fabio , Lopez-Nares Adrian , Callado Alvaro , Gomez-Casado Eduardo , Crespo-Yuste Estefania , Campos Cristina 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
South American siskins (Genus Carduelis/Spinus) are the outcome of regional evolutionary radiation from an extant (or other extinct) species: C. notata, a North America siskin, which thrives in Mexico subtropical areas and is parental of one of the three described North American siskin radiations.

Methods:
Speciation and/or subspeciation of this South American siskin radiation have probably occurred during Pleistocene Epoch. In the present paper, a new species/subspecies akin to C./S. atrata is described by genetic and phenotypic parameters: this new species/subspecies was previously considered a subspecies of C./S. xanthogastra, which thrives further North and is separated about 1,762 km, 1,094 miles, from this described subspecies, Carduelis/ Spinus xanthogastra stejnegeri.

Results:
Our genetic study using mt cyt b, phenotypic and behavior observations show that this putative C./S. xanthogastra subspecies is either a different species or a C./S. atrata subspecies; we have proposed a provisional name for this finch, C./S. lapazensis, instead of C./S. x. stejnegeri.

Conclusion:
Species definition is movable and controversial, and it is uncertain in South American siskins, which all show a close genetic and phenotypical relationship, which may be still immersed in speciation processes since Pleistocene Epoch.
Structural and Thermal Study of Mg2TiO4 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying Method
Authors: Bhuyan Ranjan K. , Pamu D. , Sahoo Basanta K. , Sarangi Ashish K. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Mg2TiO4 – based ceramics have proven their potentiality in the field of wireless
communication systems. In the past, Mg2TiO4 ceramics was considered a quite optical response
material in thin film form. Moreover, there is very few studies have been done whatever the proposed
work in the present study.

Objective:
To prepare Mg2TiO4 nano-powders with the help of High Energy Ball Mill (HEBM) and
intend to investigate its effect on crystal structure, microstructure and on thermodynamic behavior of
MgO-TiO2 system.

Methods:
Mg2TiO4 ceramics were synthesized using Mechanical alloying method from high- purity
oxides MgO and TiO2 (99.99%) of Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).

Results:
From the experimental studies it is observed that the powder’s particle size decreases with an
increase of milling time. XRD analysis is carried out for phase confirmation of the mixed Mg2TiO4
powder. Further, the result also showed that there is structural changes occurred in the sample by high
energy ball milling process, milled at different times. The nanocrystalline nature Mg2TiO4 powder was
confirmed from microstructure taken by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Further, differential thermal gravimetric analysis has been
carried out to investigate the thermal behavior of milled Mg2TiO4 -powder (35 hours).

Conclusion:
In work, the effect of mechanical alloying on structural, microstructural and thermal properties
of nanocrystalline Mg2TiO4 powders has been investigated systematically. The effect of milling time
on particle size, crystal structure and the microstructure was studied using XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and
DSC/TGA analysis. The microstructural analysis (FE-SEM and TEM) reveals the nanocrystallinity nature
of MTO ceramics prepared by mechanical alloying method. The thermal decomposition behavior of
the milled powders was examined by a Thermo-Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) in argon atmosphere.
Laser Beam Melting of Complexly Shaped Honeycomb Structures
Authors: Illgner Matthias , Binder Maximilian , Schlick Georg , Seidel Christian , Reinhart Gunther 
Published: August 2020

Laser beam melting (LBM) offers the opportunity to manufacture highly complex structures and geometries and thus provides a big potential to produce lightweight parts. In previous research projects, a software tool has been developed that achieves the placement of hexagonal honeycombs (of any size and wall thickness) on free formed surfaces in a load-oriented manner and thus offers entirely new possibilities for designing lightweight components in CAD (e.g. [1–2]).
This work examines the production of metal hexagonal honeycombs from the material AlSi10Mg with the LBM-process. By adapting the exposure and process parameters, it was possible to manufacture overhanging structures with an overhang angel < 30° (relative to build platform) without support structures, while still achieving an acceptable surface roughness (in the context of this study: Ra = 45 µm). Conventional complex and time consuming post-processing steps can thus be avoided and a higher utilization of building space can be achieved. Furthermore, since the critical size for a lightweight structure is the minimum possible density, it was investigated to which minimum values the wall thicknesses of the hexagonal structures can be reduced using LBM. Apart from that, the stability of the manufactured honeycombs was analyzed in as-built condition and heat treated by pressure test and related to the honeycomb density. This has been used to compare additively manufactured honeycombs with conventionally manufactured ones.
Association Between Public Knowledge About COVID-19, Trust in Information Sources, and Adherence to Social Distancing: Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Fridman Ilona , Lucas Nicole , Henke Debra , Zigler Christina K 
Published: August 2020

Background
The success of behavioral interventions and policies designed to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic depends on how well individuals are informed about both the consequences of infection and the steps that should be taken to reduce the impact of the disease.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate associations between public knowledge about COVID-19, adherence to social distancing, and public trust in government information sources (eg, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), private sources (eg, FOX and CNN), and social networks (eg, Facebook and Twitter) to inform future policies related to critical information distribution.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey (N=1243) between April 10 and 14, 2020. Data collection was stratified by US region and other demographics to ensure representativeness of the sample.

Results
Government information sources were the most trusted among the public. However, we observed trends in the data that suggested variations in trust by age and gender. White and older populations generally expressed higher trust in government sources, while non-White and younger populations expressed higher trust in private sources (eg, CNN) and social networks (eg, Twitter). Trust in government sources was positively associated with accurate knowledge about COVID-19 and adherence to social distancing. However, trust in private sources (eg, FOX and CNN) was negatively associated with knowledge about COVID-19. Similarly, trust in social networks (eg, Facebook and Twitter) was negatively associated with both knowledge and adherence to social distancing.

Conclusions
During pandemics such as the COVID-19 outbreak, policy makers should carefully consider the quality of information disseminated through private sources and social networks. Furthermore, when disseminating urgent health information, a variety of information sources should be used to ensure that diverse populations have timely access to critical knowledge.
Aplikasi Mobile WEB Map Service Pada Mobile Device Dengan SVGT
Authors: Priyanta Sigit , Imanuddin Ghulam , Prilistya Suci Karunia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract— Teknologi informasi geografi berkembang sangat pesat dalam beberapa dekade terakhir ini. Sekarang ini, WMS (Web Map Services) tidak hanya dapat menghasilkan gambar raster tetapi juga gambar vektor. Contohnya adalah SVGT (Scalable Vector Graphics Tiny) yang merupakan bagian dari SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) yang digunakan pada piranti mobile device. Mahalnya biaya komunikasi antara handheld device dengan jaringan internet melalui GPRS (Global Pocket Radio System) menimbulkan sebuah masalah dalam penerapan aplikasi mobile mapping. Untuk mengeliminasi masalah tersebut, harus dibuat sebuah aplikasi mobile mapping yang dapat mentransfer data sekecil mungkin. Didalam penelitian ini, dicoba untuk dibuat sebuah server pemetaan yang memanfaatkan teknologi SVGT dan XML. Kedua format data tersebut digunakan untuk menghasilkan data sekecil mungkin agar dapat menghemat biaya komunikasi antara klien dan server. Pada akhirnya, aplikasi yang dibangun akan menjadi sebuah server yang memiliki klien berupa handheld / mobile device.Aplikasi ini dibangun dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan memanfaatkan database PostgreSQL beserta ekstensi PostGIS-nya pada sisi server dan J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition) pada sisi mobile client. Aplikasi yang telah dibangun mampu untuk menampung peta jalan dari sebuah daerah, menampilkannya dalam format SVGT kepada klien, serta mencari rute terpendek antara dua buah jalan dengan menggunakan algoritma Floyd-Warshall. Mobile device sebagai client mempunyai beberapa fungsi utama, yaitu download map dengan format SVGT dari server, menyimpan map ke dalam record store, menampilkan map dan juga melakukan fungsi pan dan zoom terhadap map. Fungsi lainnya adalah searching atau mencari titik tertentu pada map sesuai dengan permintaan user, request path ke server untuk mendapatkan jalur terpendek antara dua titik, dan set mark atau menyimpan titik-titik pada peta yang telah diberi tanda oleh user.Keywords— SVG, SVGT, Mobile Mapping, Web Map Services, J2ME, Java 2 Micro Editon.