bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What shapes adolescents’ diet and physical activity habits in rural Konkan, India? Adolescents’ and caregivers’ perspectives
Authors: Banavali Ulka , Patil Suvarna , Chavan Rupali , Sonawane Swati , Joglekar Charudatta , Fall Caroline , Weller Susie , Kehoe Sarah H , Barker Mary , Hardy-Johnson Polly 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:To explore, adolescents’ and caregivers’ perspectives, about shaping of diet and physical activity habits in rural Konkan, India.Design:Five focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted with adolescents and two with caregivers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.Setting:FGD were conducted in secondary schools located in remote rural villages in the Ratnagiri district, Konkan region, Maharashtra, India.Participants:Forty-eight adolescents were recruited including twenty younger (10–12 years) and twenty-eight older (15–17 years) adolescents. Sixteen caregivers (all mothers) were also recruited.Results:Three themes emerged from discussion: (i) adolescents’ and caregivers’ perceptions of the barriers to healthy diet and physical activity, (ii) acceptance of the status quo and (iii) salience of social and economic transition. Adolescents’ basic dietary and physical activity needs were rarely met by the resources available and infrastructure of the villages. There were few opportunities for physical activity, other than performing household chores and walking long distances to school. Adolescents and their caregivers accepted these limitations and their inability to change them. Increased use of digital media and availability of junk foods marked the beginning of a social and economic transition.Conclusion:FGD with adolescents and their caregivers provided insights into factors influencing adolescent diet and physical activity in rural India. Scarcity of basic resources limited adolescent diet and opportunities for physical activity. To achieve current nutritional and physical activity recommendations for adolescents requires improved infrastructure in these settings, changes which may accompany the current Indian social and economic transition.
Evaluation of Ionospheric Scintillation in GNSS Radio Occultation Measurements and Simulations
Authors: Ludwig‐Barbosa Vinícius , Sievert Thomas , Rasch Joel , Carlström Anders , Pettersson Mats I. , T. Vu Viet 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLike any other system relying on transionospheric propagation, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio Occultation (GNSS‐RO) is affected by ionospheric conditions during measurements. Regions of plasma irregularities in F region create abrupt gradients in the distribution of ionized particles. Radio signals propagated through such regions suffer from constructive and destructive contributions in phase and amplitude, known as scintillations. Different approaches have been proposed in order to model and reproduce the wave propagation through ionospheric irregularities. We present simulations considering single‐slope power law model of irregularities integrated with Multiple Phase Screen (MPS) propagation. In this work, the capability of the scintillation model to reproduce features in low‐latitude MetOp measurements in the early hours of DOY 76, 2015 is evaluated. Power spectral density (PSD) analysis, scintillation index, decorrelation time, and standard deviation of neutral bending angle are considered in the comparison between the simulations and RO measurements. The results demonstrate the capability of the simulator to replicate an equivalent error contribution to the neutral bending angle measurement in cases of moderate to strong scintillation.
An Increase in Specific Discharge With Catchment Area Implies That Bedrock Infiltration Feeds Large Rather Than Small Mountain Headwater Streams
Authors: Asano Yuko , Kawasaki Masatoshi , Saito Toshihiro , Haraguchi Ryusei , Takatoku Kae , Saiki Michio , Kimura Kota 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMountains are a source of water for downstream areas; thus, it is important to understand the storage and discharge characteristics of steep mountain catchments. Nested catchment studies have indicated that the relation between catchment area and specific discharge during baseflow can represent mesoscale storage and discharge characteristics, but this is poorly understood. We found that baseflow‐specific discharge increased with catchment size in the headwater of the Arakawa River and identified the processes responsible for this spatial pattern. Synoptic discharge measurements obtained in catchment areas of 0.05 to 93.58 km2 showed that specific discharge increased more than threefold with increasing drainage area. Analyses of the spatial variation in precipitation, hydrographs from three continuous gauging stations, and isotopic tracers implied that in this catchment, considerable amounts of water infiltrated in bedrock on hillslopes and did not discharge into small streams, but instead fed surface flow into a larger downstream catchment. A review of previous nested studies demonstrated three spatial patterns for specific discharge: Specific discharge may increase or decrease with catchment area, or it may be independent of area. An increase in specific discharge with area was observed only in catchments with permeable bedrock, which implies that such an increase is a useful indicator of the importance of the bedrock flow path to mountain watershed storage. The pattern of relationships between catchment area and specific discharge can be used to assess the storage and discharge properties of mesoscale catchments when the processes driving each pattern have been clarified.
Predicting Transverse Mixing Efficiency Downstream of a River Confluence
Authors: Pouchoulin S. , Le Coz J. , Mignot E. , Gond L. , Riviere N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPredicting mixing processes, especially transverse mixing, downstream of river confluences, is necessary for assessing and modeling the fate of pollutants transported in river networks, but it is still challenging. Typically, there is a lack of transverse mixing solutions implemented in 1‐D hydrodynamical models widely used in river engineering applications. To investigate the mixing processes developing downstream of a medium‐sized river confluence, three high‐resolution in situ surveys are conducted at the Rhône‐Saône confluence in France, based on geolocated specific conductivity and hydroacoustic measurements. Contrasting mixing situations are observed depending on hydrological conditions. In some cases, the two flows mix slowly due to turbulent shear at their vertical interface. This can be modeled by an analytical solution of the advection‐diffusion equation. In other cases, the waters from one of the two tributaries move under the waters of the other tributary. The induced local circulation enhances transverse mixing but not vertical mixing and the flow remains stratified vertically, which may be missed when surface or satellite images are analyzed qualitatively. Stratification may be predicted by comparing the time scales for shear and density‐driven adjustment. Shear‐dominated transverse mixing of depth‐averaged concentrations can be predicted analytically and implemented in 1‐D hydrodynamical models. However, the initiation of apparently rapid transverse mixing due to density‐driven circulation remains to be better understood and quantified.
Coastal Groundwater Flow at the Nearshore and Embayment Scales: A Field and Modeling Study
Authors: Evans Tyler B. , White Scott M. , Wilson Alicia M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKnowledge of coastal groundwater flow is critical for managing coastal groundwater resources and quantifying submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), but this flow occurs over multiple scales that can be difficult to study in an integrated way. We designed a field and modeling study to investigate groundwater flow and the distribution of salinity during sea level rise in a domain that included beaches, salt marshes and the first major confined aquifer, which reached 10–15 km offshore. Numerical models were based on the flat‐lying, passive margin coastline of North Inlet, SC, and were constrained by field studies including subsurface resistivity surveys and hydraulic head observations. Simulations that included tidal fluctuations showed that the salt marsh generated more than three times as much SGD as the beach and inner shelf, per unit length of coastline. Groundwater exchange between scales was small, suggesting that physical fluxes of groundwater can be considered independently at different scales. However, salinization of the first major confined aquifer occurred by downward transport from overlying aquifers rather than intrusion from the seaward end, suggesting that studies of aquifer salinization should consider multiscale flow. During simulated sea level rise, fresh‐to‐brackish groundwater persisted in the first confined aquifer as far as the seaward end of the overlying confining unit, 10–20 km offshore. Total fluxes of SGD decreased significantly with future sea level rise, dominated by declining SGD in the salt marsh, and portending a marked decline in the flux of nutrients and carbon to estuaries and the coastal ocean.
A New Inverse Modeling Approach for Hydraulic Conductivity Estimation Based on Gaussian Mixtures
Authors: Minutti Carlos , Illman Walter A. , Gomez Susana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study proposes a new inverse algorithm to estimate the hydraulic conductivity (K) distribution based on a Gaussian Mixture Model that significantly reduces the number of parameters to be estimated during the inversion process. Moreover, a new objective function that increases the sensitivity of parameters using the spatial derivatives of hydraulic heads is introduced, and the algorithm is further improved by including a Bayes estimator that takes advantage of different possible solutions. The developed approach is tested through multiple synthetic experiments consisting of 250 randomly generated K fields resulting in different levels of heterogeneity and the use of different number of pumping tests, with a total of 1,000 cases of two‐dimensional configuration. A large number of cases are considered to ensure that our findings and conclusions are not based on a single realization. Results revealed significant improvements to K estimates, computational time, and predictions of independently conducted tests not used in the calibration effort when compared to a geostatistical inverse approach. Overall, our results reveal that the Gaussian Mixture inversion approach is able to achieve similar or higher levels of accuracy using half of the pumping tests and 20% of the computational time compared to a geostatistical inversion approach.
Magnetospheric Multiscale Observation of an Electron Diffusion Region at High Latitudes
Authors: Burkholder B. L. , Nykyri K. , Ma X. , Rice R. , Fuselier S. A. , Trattner K. J. , Pritchard K. R. , Burch J. L. , Petrinec S. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOn 17 October 2016, Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) sampled an electron diffusion region (EDR) embedded in an electron‐scale current sheet within a mixed portion of the high‐latitude magnetosheath adjacent to the magnetopause. We analyze the generalized Ohm's law, dissipation, and electron velocity distributions inside the EDR. The velocities, magnetic fields, and densities observed in the magnetosheath and magnetosphere indicate the magnetopause was unstable to the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability, which can form electron‐scale current sheets. Alternatively, a current sheet was observed in the solar wind at L1 40 min before the MMS observations, which could have been compressed by the bow shock initiating reconnection. Hundreds of keV particles near the EDR may have been locally accelerated.
Comparison of Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity Estimates From Slab Ocean, 150‐Year, and Longer Simulations
Authors: Dunne John P. , Winton Michael , Bacmeister Julio , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Gettelman Andrew , Golaz Jean‐Christophe , Hannay Cecile , Schmidt Gavin A. , Krasting John P. , Leung L. Ruby , Nazarenko Larissa , Sentman Lori T. , Stouffer Ronald J. , Wolfe Jonathan D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe compare equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) estimates from pairs of long (≥800‐year) control and abruptly quadrupled CO2 simulations with shorter (150‐ and 300‐year) coupled atmosphere‐ocean simulations and slab ocean models (SOMs). Consistent with previous work, ECS estimates from shorter coupled simulations based on annual averages for years 1–150 underestimate those from SOM (−8% ± 13%) and long (−14% ± 8%) simulations. Analysis of only years 21–150 improved agreement with SOM (−2% ± 14%) and long (−8% ± 10%) estimates. Use of pentadal averages for years 51–150 results in improved agreement with long simulations (−4% ± 11%). While ECS estimates from current generation U.S. models based on SOM and coupled annual averages of years 1–150 range from 2.6°C to 5.3°C, estimates based longer simulations of the same models range from 3.2°C to 7.0°C. Such variations between methods argues for caution in comparison and interpretation of ECS estimates across models.
Estimating Satellite Orbital Drag During Historical Magnetic Superstorms
Authors: Oliveira Denny M. , Zesta Eftyhia , Hayakawa Hisashi , Bhaskar Ankush 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding extreme space weather events is of paramount importance in efforts to protect technological systems in space and on the ground. Particularly in the thermosphere, the subsequent extreme magnetic storms can pose serious threats to low Earth orbit (LEO) spacecraft by intensifying errors in orbit predictions. Extreme magnetic storms (minimum Dst ≤ −250 nT) are extremely rare: Only seven events occurred during the era of spacecraft with high‐level accelerometers such as CHAMP (CHAllenge Minisatellite Payload) and GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate experiment) and none with minimum Dst ≤ −500 nT, here termed magnetic superstorms. Therefore, current knowledge of thermospheric mass density response to superstorms is very limited. Thus, in order to advance this knowledge, four known magnetic superstorms in history, that is, events occurring before CHAMP's and GRACE's commission times, with complete data sets, are used to empirically estimate density enhancements and subsequent orbital drag. The November 2003 magnetic storm (minimum Dst = −422 nT), the most extreme event observed by both satellites, is used as the benchmark event. Results show that, as expected, orbital degradation is more severe for the most intense storms. Additionally, results clearly point out that the time duration of the storm is strongly associated with storm time orbital drag effects, being as important as or even more important than storm intensity itself. The most extreme storm time decays during CHAMP/GRACE‐like sample satellite orbits estimated for the March 1989 magnetic superstorm show that long‐lasting superstorms can have highly detrimental consequences for the orbital dynamics of satellites in LEO.
Poroelastic Solution for the Nonlinear Injectivity of Subsurface Rocks With Strain‐Induced Permeability Variations
Authors: Zhang Wei , Mehrabian Amin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFluid injection in porous rock occurs in a variety of hydrogeological operations including wastewater disposal, CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy extraction. Influx of fluid into the host rock is usually accompanied by induced permeability enhancement due to increased pore fluid pressure and consequent dilation of the pore volume. The effect would, in turn, enhance the well injectivity index. This paper presents an analytical solution to the nonlinear problem of underground fluid injection in a disk‐shaped reservoir while accounting for the induced permeability enhancement. The host rock permeability is considered to depend on the rock total stress and pore fluid pressure. For this purpose, the rock stress is formulated as a nonlocal function of disturbances in the pore fluid pressure using the fundamental solution for a nucleus of strain in an elastic half space. Alongside, the nonlinear fluid transport equation that incorporates stress‐sensitive rock permeability is analytically solved using a perturbation technique. The good match with finite difference solution to the same problem verifies the validity and accuracy of the perturbation solution. Parametric study on a test case problem is conducted to examine the influence of different parameters on well injectivity. Findings reveal the higher vulnerability of shallower host reservoirs to stress‐induced permeability variations. The effect of rock poroelastic properties on fluid transport process is discussed.
Advances in understanding of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Chiba Shigeru , Sakata-Yanagimoto Mamiko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt has been nearly half a century since angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) was characterized in the early 1970’s. Our understanding of the disease has dramatically changed due to multiple discoveries and insights. One of the key features of AITL is aberrant immune activity. Although AITL is now understood to be a neoplastic disease, pathologists appreciated that it was an inflammatory condition. The more we understand AITL at cellular and genetic levels, the more we view it as both a neoplastic and an inflammatory disease. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of AITL, focusing on as yet unsolved questions.
Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and gestational diabetes and dietary intakes among young adult offspring
Authors: Kaseva Nina , Vääräsmäki Marja , Matinolli Hanna-Maria , Sipola Marika , Tikanmäki Marjaana , Kanerva Noora , Heinonen Kati , Lano Aulikki , Wolke Dieter , Andersson Sture , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Räikkönen Katri , Eriksson Johan G. , Männistö Satu , Kajantie Eero 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and gestational diabetes (GDM) are associated with increased fat deposition in adult offspring. The purpose of this study was to identify if maternal pre-pregnancy overweight (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) or GDM are associated with dietary quality or intake in adult offspring.

Subjects/Methods
Participants (n = 882) from two longitudinal cohort studies (ESTER Maternal Pregnancy Disorders Study and the Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study) completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire at a mean age of 24.2 years (SD 1.3). Diet quality was evaluated by a Recommended Finnish Diet Index (RDI). The study sample included offspring of normoglycaemic mothers with pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity (ONO = 155), offspring of mothers with GDM regardless of BMI (OGDM = 190) and offspring of mothers with normal weight and no GDM (controls; n = 537).

Results
Among men, daily energy and macronutrient intakes were similar in ONO and controls. However, after adjusting for current offspring characteristics, including BMI, daily carbohydrate intake relative to total energy intake was higher in ONO-men [2.2 percentages of total energy intake (95% confidence interval 0.4, 4.0)]. In ONO-women, macronutrient intakes relative to total energy intake were similar with controls, while total daily energy intake seemed lower [−587.2 kJ/day (−1192.0, 4.4)]. After adjusting for confounders, this difference was attenuated. Adherence to a healthy diet, as measured by RDI, was similar in ONO and controls [mean difference: men 0.40 (−0.38, 1.18); women 0.25 (−0.50, 1.00)]. In OGDM vs. controls, total energy and macronutrient intakes were similar for both men and women. Also adherence to a healthy diet was similar [RDI: men 0.09 (−0.62, 0.80); women −0.17 (−0.93, 0.59)].

Conclusions
Our study suggested higher daily carbohydrate intake in male offspring exposed to maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, compared with controls. Prenatal exposure to GDM was not associated with adult offspring dietary intakes.
Phase 1 safety and pharmacodynamic study of lenalidomide combined with everolimus in patients with advanced solid malignancies with efficacy signal in adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Harvey R. Donald , Carthon Bradley C. , Lewis Colleen , Hossain Mohammad S. , Zhang Chao , Chen Zhengjia , Harris Wayne B. , Alese Olatunji B. , Shaib Walid , Bilen Mehmet A. , Lawson David H. , Wu Christina , Steuer Conor E. , El-Rayes Bassel F. , Khuri Fadlo R. , Lonial Sagar , Waller Edmund K. , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Owonikoko Taofeek K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Purpose: The combination of a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor and lenalidomide showed enhanced preclinical cytotoxicity. We conducted a phase 1 study in advanced solid tumour patients to assess safety, efficacy and pharmacodynamic (PD) outcomes.

Methods
We employed a 3+3 dose escalation design to establish the safety and recommended phase 2 doses (RP2D) of daily everolimus and lenalidomide in patients with advanced solid tumours. The starting doses were 5 and 10 mg, respectively, with planned escalation to maximum single-agent doses of 10 and 25 mg in the absence of dose-limiting toxicity. PD endpoints of lymphocyte subsets and immune cytokines were assessed in peripheral blood using multiparameter flow cytometry and LUMINEX assay. Efficacy was evaluated by cross-sectional imaging after every two cycles of treatment.

Results
The study enrolled 44 patients, median age of 58 years and 28 males (63.6%). The RP2D was established as 10 and 25 mg daily continuously for everolimus and lenalidomide. Common (>5%) grade ≥3 adverse events included rash (19%), neutropenia (19%), hypokalaemia (11%) and fatigue (9%). Best efficacy outcomes in 36 evaluable patients were partial response in 5 (13.8%), stable disease in 24 (55.8%) and progressive disease in 7 (19.4%) patients. PD assessment revealed significant association of cytokine levels (interleukin-2 (IL2), IL21 and IL17), baseline activated and total CD8+ lymphocytes and change in B cell lymphocytes and activated NK cells with clinical benefit.

Conclusions
The study demonstrated the safety of everolimus and lenalidomide with promising efficacy signal in thyroid and adenoid cystic cancers.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT01218555
Reflections on the upsurge of virtual cancer conferences during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Speirs Valerie 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the cancellation or postponement of traditional face-to-face scientific conferences, necessitating a rapid change in the way new discoveries in cancer were shared with the cancer research community. Here I present personal reflections on the upsurge of virtual cancer conferences, discussing their pros and cons in the context of traditional face-to-face deliveries.
Deacetylation of HSD17B10 by SIRT3 regulates cell growth and cell resistance under oxidative and starvation stresses
Authors: Liu Lu , Chen Shuaiyi , Yu Miao , Ge Chenxu , Ren Mengmeng , Liu Boya , Yang Xin , Christian Thomas W. , Hou Ya-Ming , Zou Junhua , Zhu Wei-Guo , Luo Jianyuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 10 (HSD17B10) plays an important role in mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism and is also involved in mitochondrial tRNA maturation. HSD17B10 missense mutations cause HSD10 mitochondrial disease (HSD10MD). HSD17B10 with mutations identified from cases of HSD10MD show loss of function in dehydrogenase activity and mitochondrial tRNA maturation, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. It has also been implicated to play roles in the development of Alzheimer disease (AD) and tumorigenesis. Here, we found that HSD17B10 is a new substrate of NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). HSD17B10 is acetylated at lysine residues K79, K99 and K105 by the acetyltransferase CBP, and the acetylation is reversed by SIRT3. HSD17B10 acetylation regulates its enzymatic activity and the formation of mitochondrial RNase P. Furthermore, HSD17B10 acetylation regulates the intracellular functions, affecting cell growth and cell resistance in response to stresses. Our results demonstrated that acetylation is an important regulation mechanism for HSD17B10 and may provide insight into interrupting the development of AD.