bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caloric restriction induces anabolic resistance to resistance exercise
Authors: Murphy Chaise , Koehler Karsten 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Weight loss can result in the loss of muscle mass and bone mineral density. Resistance exercise is commonly prescribed to attenuate these effects. However, the anabolic endocrine response to resistance exercise during caloric restriction has not been characterized.

Methods
Participants underwent 3-day conditions of caloric restriction (15 kcal kg FFM−1) with post-exercise carbohydrate (CRC) and with post-exercise protein (CRP), and an energy balance control (40 kcal kg FFM−1) with post-exercise carbohydrate (CON). Serial blood draws were taken following five sets of five repetitions of the barbell back squat exercise on day 3 of each condition.

Results
In CRC and CRP, respectively, growth hormone peaked at 2.6 ± 0.4 and 2.5 ± 0.9 times the peak concentrations observed during CON. Despite this, insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations declined 18.3 ± 3.4% in CRC and 27.2 ± 3.8% in CRP, which was greater than the 7.6 ± 3.6% decline in CON, over the subsequent 24 h. Sclerostin increased over the first 2 days of each intervention by 19.2 ± 5.6% in CRC, 21.8 ± 6.2% in CRP and 13.4 ± 5.9% in CON, but following the resistance exercise bout, these increases were attenuated and no longer significant.

Conclusion
During caloric restriction, there is considerable endocrine anabolic resistance to a single bout of resistance exercise which persists in the presence of post-exercise whey protein supplementation. Alternative strategies to restore the sensitivity of insulin-like growth factor-1 to growth hormone need to be explored.
Role of hyaluronan in regulating self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells and pre-osteoblasts
Authors: Asparuhova Maria B. , Chappuis Vivianne , Stähli Alexandra , Buser Daniel , Sculean Anton 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of two hyaluronan (HA) formulations on the osteogenic potential of osteoblast precursors.

Materials and methods
Proliferation rates of HA-treated mesenchymal stromal ST2 and pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were determined by 5-bromo-20-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. Expression of genes encoding osteogenic differentiation markers, critical growth, and stemness factors as well as activation of downstream signaling pathways in the HA-treated cells were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblot techniques.

Results
The investigated HAs strongly stimulated the growth of the osteoprogenitor lines and enhanced the expression of genes encoding bone matrix proteins. However, expression of late osteogenic differentiation markers was significantly inhibited, accompanied by decreased bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. The expression of genes encoding transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) as well as the phosphorylation of the downstream signaling molecules Smad2 and Erk1/2 were enhanced upon HA treatment. We observed significant upregulation of the transcription factor Sox2 and its direct transcription targets and critical stemness genes, Yap1 and Bmi1, in HA-treated cells. Moreover, prominent targets of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway showed reduced expression, whereas inhibitors of the pathway were considerably upregulated. We detected decrease of active β-catenin levels in HA-treated cells due to β-catenin being phosphorylated and, thus, targeted for degradation.

Conclusions
HA strongly induces the growth of osteoprogenitors and maintains their stemness, thus potentially regulating the balance between self-renewal and differentiation during bone regeneration following reconstructive oral surgeries.

Clinical relevance
Addition of HA to deficient bone or bony defects during implant or reconstructive periodontal surgeries may be a viable approach for expanding adult stem cells without losing their replicative and differentiation capabilities.
Relationship between serum calcium or phosphate levels and mortality stratified by parathyroid hormone level: an analysis from the MBD-5D study
Authors: Asada Shinji , Yokoyama Keitaro , Miyakoshi Chisato , Fukuma Shingo , Endo Yuichi , Wada Michihito , Nomura Takanobu , Onishi Yoshihiro , Fukagawa Masafumi , Fukuhara Shunichi , Akizawa Tadao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction
There is limited evidence about the association between calcium and phosphate levels and mortality stratified by intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level.

Methods
We investigated whether differences in iPTH level affect the relationship between calcium and phosphate levels and all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Calcium and phosphate levels were categorized as low (< 8.5 mg/dL, < 4.0 mg/dL), medium (≥ 8.5–< 9.5 mg/dL, ≥ 4.0–< 7.0 mg/dL), and high (≥ 9.5 mg/dL, ≥ 7.0 mg/dL), respectively. iPTH levels were grouped into < 300 or ≥ 300 pg/mL. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) were analyzed by weighted Poisson regression.

Results
For calcium, patients with higher iPTH (≥ 300 pg/mL) had significantly higher all-cause mortality rates in the high than in the medium category (aIRR 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–3.42), and tended to have a higher mortality rate in the low category (aIRR 2.04, 95% CI 0.94–4.42). Patients with lower iPTH (< 300 pg/mL) had higher mortality rates in the high than in the medium category (aIRR 1.65, 95% CI 1.39–1.96). For phosphate, the mortality rate was significantly higher in the high than in the medium category in patients with higher and lower iPTH (aIRR 3.23, 95% CI 1.63–6.39 for iPTH ≥ 300 pg/mL; aIRR 1.58, 95% CI 1.06–2.36 for iPTH < 300 pg/mL).

Conclusion
High calcium and phosphate levels were associated with increased risk of mortality irrespective of iPTH level.
Nonproteinuric diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Yamanouchi Masayuki , Furuichi Kengo , Hoshino Junichi , Ubara Yoshifumi , Wada Takashi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProteinuria has been considered to be the hallmark of diabetic kidney disease and to precede renal function loss. However, it has become clear that a substantial proportion of patients either with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes have renal function loss without proteinuria, known as nonproteinuric diabetic kidney disease. Despite increasing recognition of the prevalence of nonproteinuric diabetic kidney disease, data on this phenotype of diabetic kidney disease is sparse. This review describes ever known clinical and pathological manifestations, renal prognosis, and mortality in patient with nonproteinuric diabetic kidney disease.
The Melatonin Receptor Agonist Ramelteon Induces Cardioprotection that Requires MT2 Receptor Activation and Release of Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Stroethoff Martin , Goetze Lukas , Torregroza Carolin , Bunte Sebastian , Raupach Annika , Heinen André , Mathes Alexander , Hollmann Markus W. , Huhn Ragnar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeThe melatonin receptor (MT) agonist ramelteon has a higher affinity to MT1 than for MT2 receptors and induces cardioprotection by involvement of mitochondrial potassium channels. Activation of mitochondrial potassium channels leads to release of free radicals. We investigated whether (1) ramelteon-induced cardioprotection is MT2 receptor specific and (2) if free radicals are involved in ramelteon-induced cardioprotection.MethodsHearts of male Wistar rats were randomized, placed on a Langendorff system, and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer at a constant pressure of 80 mmHg. All hearts were subjected to 33 min of global ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. Before ischemia hearts were perfused with ramelteon (Ram) with or without the MT2 receptor inhibitor 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin (4P-PDOT+Ram, 4P-PDOT). In subsequent experiments, ramelteon was administered together with the radical oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG+Ram). To determine whether the blockade of ramelteon-induced cardioprotection can be restored, we combined ramelteon and MPG with mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) at different time points. Infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.ResultsRamelteon-induced infarct size reduction was completely blocked by 4P-PDOT and MPG. Ramelteon and MPG combined with CsA before ischemia were not cardioprotective but CsA at the onset of reperfusion could restore infarct size reduction.ConclusionsThis study shows for the first time that despite the higher affinity to MT1 receptors, (1) ramelteon-induced cardioprotection involves MT2 receptors, (2) cardioprotection requires ROS release, and (3) inhibition of the mPTP can restore infarct size reduction.
Distributed multi-munition cooperative guidance based on clock synchronization for switching and noisy networks
Authors: Yi Sheng , She Xiaoyu , Guo Dong , Zhao Tong , Yang Chengwei , Li Jie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel three-dimensional guidance method based on clock synchronization algorithms, creatively solving the problems of randomized change, non-connection and even communication outage caused by packet loss and delay in the co-guidance of loitering munitions. The proposed method is characterized by fast convergence of the aspect angle rate in the longitudinal plane, and the attack time constrains in the lateral plane. Normal accelerations on the two sub-planes are thereby calculated, so as to control the munitions’ co-attack. Simulation experiments show that the proposed method can ensure reliable and stable asymptotic agreement of attack time expectation for the cooperative multiple munitions under the switching and noisy networks.
Isolation and structural analysis of the Bx6 and Bx7 genes controlling the biosynthesis of benzoxazinoids in rye (Secale cereale L.)
Authors: Bakera Beata , Rakoczy-Trojanowska Monika 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBenzoxazinoids (BXs) are plant secondary metabolites, first discovered in the 1950s, which are synthesized in many monocotyledonous species from the Poaceae family and in several dicotyledonous plants. They constitute a significant element of the plant’s defence mechanism against both biotic (pests and diseases) and abiotic (elevated salinity, heavy metals) stresses. The aim of this research was to gain more information on the genetic background of BXs biosynthesis in rye (Secale cerealeL.) by isolating and sequencing theScBx6L318andScBx7L318genes encoding 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase and 7-O-methyltransferase, respectively. Using the modified Amplicon Express method, BAC clones containing theScBx6L318andScBx7L318genes were isolated and sequenced. The similarity between theScBx6L318andZmBx6genes were, correspondingly, 78% and 68% in the coding sequence (cds) and the amino acid sequence (AA). A lesser similarity was found between theScBx7L318andZmBx7genes (72% and 45% at thecdsand AA levels, respectively).
Die Relevanz eines kohärenten forensischen Beurteilungs- und Behandlungsprozesses
Authors: Borchard Bernd , Gerth Juliane 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Ziel einer therapeutischen Maßnahme bei Straftätern ist gemäß Gesetzesgrundlage die Reduktion der Gefahr erneuter „erheblicher rechtswidriger Taten“ (§§ 63 und 64 StGB, Deutschland) bzw. mit dem „Zustand des Täters in Zusammenhang stehender Taten“ (Art. 59 und 63 bzw. Art. 60 für Abhängigkeiten StGB, Schweiz). Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, ist ein kohärenter Prozess notwendig, der die Fallkonzeption (inkl. Diagnostik und Hypothese zum Deliktmechanismus), Behandlungsplanung und -Behandlungsevaluation umfasst. Im Rahmen des ersten Schrittes muss herausgearbeitet werden, ob überhaupt eine Behandlungsbedürftigkeit des Straftäters vorliegt. Diese ergibt sich aus dem Risiko für erneute schwerwiegende Taten sowie aus den Behandlungsmöglichkeiten der damit zusammenhängenden forensisch relevanten Auffälligkeiten des Straftäters. Aus einer breiten wissenschaftlichen Befundlage geht hervor, dass solch eine Behandlungsbedürftigkeit mitnichten nur im allgemeinpsychiatrischen Sinne psychisch Kranke und schon gar nicht ausschließlich schuldunfähige Straftäter aufweisen. Vielmehr können weitere deliktrelevante persönlichkeitsnahe Risikofaktoren, die einer wirksamen Behandlung grundsätzlich zugänglich sind, kausal im Zusammenhang mit Delinquenz und Rückfälligkeit stehen.In der aktuellen Rechtsprechung in Deutschland und der Schweiz spiegelt sich diese Erkenntnis nicht wider. Im Gegenteil: Voraussetzung für die Anordnung einer therapeutischen Maßnahme ist das Vorliegen einer „schweren psychischen Störung“ gemäß ICD/DSM und in Deutschland zusätzlich die verminderte Schuldfähigkeit oder Schuldunfähigkeit.Diese Eingrenzung blendet die Behandlungsbedürftigkeit eines bedeutsamen Teils der Straftäterpopulation aus und untergräbt damit, was die Forensik zu leisten im Stande wäre: differenziert deliktorientiert zu therapieren. Verfahren wie das Forensische Operationalisierte Therapie-Risiko-Evaluationssystem (FOTRES 3) können gegenüber allgemeinpsychiatrischen Kriterienkatalogen einen inkrementellen Beitrag zur dafür notwendigen forensischen Diagnostik liefern. Erste empirische Befunde dazu werden im Artikel vorgestellt.
Impact of wind speed and apartment ventilation on indoor concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in Kraków, Poland
Authors: Ścibor Monika , Bokwa Anita , Balcerzak Bartosz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the period 2013–2015, PM2.5 and PM10 outdoor and indoor concentrations were measured on 23 days in cold half-year periods, in Kraków, Poland. Air pollution is still a serious health hazard for the inhabitants as Kraków is located in a concave landform and smog episodes occur often in the city during the heating periods, due to poor natural ventilation and frequent air temperature inversions. The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were studied for very good and very poor weather conditions concerning air pollution. Each subgroup was further divided into cases when the apartments’ windows were kept open or closed. Daily courses of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were very dynamic. Weather pattern, in particular wind speed and atmospheric stability, largely determined the concentrations of PM10 in ambient air. The share of PM2.5 in PM10 indoor concentrations reached around 70% for both types of weather conditions. The share of indoor PM10 and PM2.5 mean concentrations in the outdoor values was higher during good than during poor weather conditions by about 10%.
Evaluation of test results and ranking criteria for Varestraint testing of an austenitic high-temperature alloy
Authors: Johansson Mikael M. , Stenvall Peter , Karlsson Leif , Andersson Joel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVarestraint testing is commonly used to evaluate hot cracking susceptibility of materials. In this paper, the dependence of operators and evaluation technique on test results is studied for a high-temperature austenitic stainless steel (UNS S31035). Samples were tested at six different strain levels ranging from 0.7 to 3.8%. Four different operators evaluated the same samples following the same instructions on how to measure the cracks manually in an optical microscope at × 25 magnification. The largest variation among operators evaluation was found for low strain levels where small and few cracks were found. In addition, one of the four operators used image analysis to evaluate the samples at × 50 magnification. The average total crack length and total number of cracks in fusion zone and heat-affected zone were approximately 1.5 times higher when using image analysis compared with manual evaluation. Image analysis at × 50 made it possible to detect smaller cracks compared with manual evaluation at × 25 magnification, contributing to an increased number of cracks detected.The maximum crack length using image analysis at × 50 was similar to manual evaluation made at × 25 magnification and was the criterion that showed the least variation in this study. However, further comparisons using other magnifications are needed to verify the agreement between manual evaluation and image analysis found in this study. An advantage with evaluation using image analysis is that it provides traceable results. A harmonized standard for Varestraint testing, and especially for evaluation, would decrease the variation among operators and laboratories.
Quality of life for older patients with cancer: a review of the evidence supporting melatonin use
Authors: Ginzac Angeline , Dubois Sophie , Hager Marie-Odile , Kwiatkowski Fabrice , Passildas Judith , Biau Julian , Abrial Catherine , Mouret-Reynier Marie-Ange , Thivat Emilie , Durando Xavier 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The proportion of older populations living with cancer is on the increase. Maintaining or improving their quality of life (QoL) has become an important goal in the treatment of cancer and has become an endpoint in clinical trials. Melatonin regulates a wide variety of physiological functions and is involved in the initiation of sleep and the improvement of QoL. With age, the secretion of melatonin decreases and could lead to a deterioration in QoL.

Methods
Literature searches were conducted using the PubMed database. The search terms and derivatives of “metastatic cancer”, “older patients”, “quality of life” and “melatonin” were used. Titles and abstracts were screened to identify whether studies were relevant for full-text screening.

Results
There is major concern about the symptoms older cancer patients encounter during treatment because they can impact their QoL. Melatonin supplementation presents several benefits for older patients: improvement in survival, decrease in symptoms induced by cancer and cancer treatment, and also improvements in quality of life.

Conclusion
It therefore seems appropriate to study the impact of melatonin supplementation during cytotoxic therapy on QoL among elderly patients with metastatic cancer. The use of melatonin as a therapeutic strategy seems particularly suitable for elderly patients, a population known to secrete significantly less melatonin. However, to date, no studies have been conducted in this population.
Improving ant colony optimization algorithm with epsilon greedy and Levy flight
Authors: Liu Yahui , Cao Buyang , Li Hehua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnt colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is a meta-heuristic and reinforcement learning algorithm, which has been widely applied to solve various optimization problems. The key to improving the performance of ACO is to effectively resolve the exploration/exploitation dilemma. Epsilon greedy is an important and widely applied policy-based exploration method in reinforcement learning and has also been employed to improve ACO algorithms as the pseudo-stochastic mechanism. Levy flight is based on Levy distribution and helps to balance searching space and speed for global optimization. Taking advantage of both epsilon greedy and Levy flight, a greedy–Levy ACO incorporating these two approaches is proposed to solve complicated combinatorial optimization problems. Specifically, it is implemented on the top of max–min ACO to solve the traveling salesman problem (TSP) problems. According to the computational experiments using standard TSPLIB instances, greedy–Levy ACO outperforms max–min ACO and other latest TSP solvers, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Multiplex networks reveal geographic constraints on illicit wildlife trafficking
Authors: Arroyave Felber J. , Petersen Alexander M. , Jenkins Jeffrey , Hurtado Rafael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIllicit wildlife trafficking poses a threat to the conservation of species and ecosystems, and represents a fundamental source of biodiversity loss, alongside climate change and large-scale land degradation. Despite the seriousness of this issue, little is known about various socio-cultural demand sources underlying trafficking networks, for example the forthright consumption of endangered species on different cultural contexts. Our study illustrates how wildlife trafficking represents a wicked problem at the intersection of criminal enforcement, cultural heritage and environmental systems management. As with similar network-based crimes, institutions are frequently ineffective at curbing wildlife trafficking, partly due to the lack of information detailing activities within illicit trading networks. To address this shortcoming, we leverage official government records documenting the illegal trade of reptiles in Colombia. As such, our study contributes to the understanding of how and why wildlife trafficking persists across robust trafficking networks, which are conduits for a broader range of black-market goods. Leveraging geo-spatial data, we construct a multiplex representation of wildlife trafficking networks, which facilitates identifying network properties that are signatures of strategic trafficker behavior. In particular, our results indicate that traffickers’ actions are constrained by spatial and market customs, a result which is apparent only within an integrated multiplex representation. Characteristic levels of sub-network coupling further indicate that traffickers strategically leverage knowledge of the entire system. We argue that this multiplex representation is essential for prioritizing crime enforcement strategies aimed at disrupting robust trade networks, thereby enhancing the effectiveness and resources allocation of institutions charged with curbing illicit trafficking. We develop a generalizable model of multiplex criminal trade networks suitable for communicating with policy makers and practitioners, thereby facilitating rapid translation into public policy and environmental conservation efforts.