bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary history and genetic diversity of apomictic allopolyploids in Hieracium s.str.: morphological versus genomic features
Authors: Chrtek Jindřich , Mráz Patrik , Belyayev Alexander , Paštová Ladislava , Mrázová Viera , Caklová Petra , Josefiová Jiřina , Zagorski Danijela , Hartmann Matthias , Jandová Michaela , Pinc Jan , Fehrer Judith 
Published: January 2020

PremiseThe origin of allopolyploids is believed to shape their evolutionary potential, ecology, and geographical ranges. Morphologically distinct apomictic types sharing the same parental species belong to the most challenging groups of polyploids. We evaluated the origins and variation of two triploid taxa (Hieracium pallidiflorum, H. picroides) presumably derived from the same diploid parental pair (H. intybaceum, H. prenanthoides).MethodsWe used a suite of approaches ranging from morphological, phylogenetic (three unlinked molecular markers), and cytogenetic analyses (in situ hybridization) to genome size screening and genome skimming.ResultsGenotyping proved the expected parentage of all analyzed accessions of H. pallidiflorum and H. picroides and revealed that nearly all of them originated independently. Genome sizes and genome dosage largely corresponded to morphology, whereas the maternal origin of the allopolyploids had no discernable effect. Polyploid accessions of both parental species usually contained genetic material from other species. Given the phylogenetic distance of the parents, their chromosomes appeared only weakly differentiated in genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), as well as in overall comparisons of the repetitive fraction of their genomes. Furthermore, the repeatome of a phylogenetically more closely related species (H. umbellatum) differed significantly more.ConclusionsWe proved (1) multiple origins of hybridogeneous apomicts from the same diploid parental taxa, and (2) allopolyploid origins of polyploid accessions of the parental species. We also showed that the evolutionary dynamics of very fast evolving markers such as satellite DNA or transposable elements does not necessarily follow patterns of speciation.
Biological diversity in an Islamic archaeological population: A radiogenic strontium isotope and craniometric analysis of affinity in Ottoman Romania
Authors: Allen Kathryn Grow , Mills Ryan D. , Knudson Kelly J. , von Cramon‐Taubadel Noreen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesWritten accounts, as well as a previous craniometric study, indicate that migrations of non‐Europeans and conversions of Europeans to Islam define Ottoman communities in Early Modern Europe. What is less clear are the roles of migration and admixture in generating intra‐communal variation. This study combines craniometric with strontium isotope data to compare the cranial affinities of locally born and immigrant individuals. We predict that locally born individuals are more likely than non‐locals to show evidence of admixture.Materials and MethodsRadiogenic strontium isotope data for 21 Ottomans were compared against archaeological faunal values. Sixteen individuals with intact crania were also measured and compared against two comparative source populations from Anatolia and Europe. Discriminant function analysis assigned unclassified Ottoans to either comparative group based on typicality probabilities, with potential admixture established via intermediate morphology between the two source populations.ResultsStrontium isotope values revealed relatively high proportions of non‐locals, consistent with high mobility documented historically. The sexes differed, with more males classifying as “typically Anatolian” than females. Locals and non‐locals also had different cranial affinity patterns, with most classifying either as “typically Anatolian” or “typically European.” Contrary to expectation, none of the locals were identified as intermediate, suggesting admixture rates were relatively low.ConclusionsConsistent with historical records, the results revealed high levels of extra‐regional migration, with most individuals identifiable as either typically Anatolian or European. Moreover, locals and non‐locals differed craniometrically, with no signs of admixture between Anatolian migrants and European converts in locals. This suggests intra‐communal divisions were maintained.
Catalytically Active Peptide–Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates: Prospecting for Artificial Enzymes
Authors: Mikolajczak Dorian J. , Berger Allison A. , Koksch Beate 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe self‐assembly of peptides onto the surface of gold nanoparticles has emerged as a promising strategy towards the creation of artificial enzymes. The resulting high local peptide density surrounding the nanoparticle leads to cooperative and synergistic effects, which result in rate accelerations and distinct catalytic properties compared to the unconjugated peptide. This Minireview summarizes contributions to and progress made in the field of catalytically active peptide–gold nanoparticle conjugates. The origin of distinct properties, as well as potential applications, are also discussed.
Regulation of ash fusion behaviors for high aluminum coal by high calcium coal addition
Authors: Xiao Huixia , Li Fenghai , Wang Yifei 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTTo meet the requirement of liquid slag tapping entrained‐flow gasification, two kinds of high ash fusion temperatures (AFTs) coals with significant difference in ash chemical composition (high aluminum coal: Al2O3 > 38%, Sunjiahao coal, and Shajuzi coal; high calcium coal: CaO > 35%, Hebi coal, and Xinjiang coal) were selected. The ash fusion behaviors of blending coal were investigated. The results showed that blending coal could significantly reduce the AFTs of high‐AFT coal. The formation of high melting point minerals led to the increase of AFTs (high aluminum coal: mullite, corundum, and cristobalite; high calcium coal: lime and periclase). Xinjiang coal reduced AFTs more obviously than that of Hebi coal because of the differences in the total amount of alkali oxides, Fe2O3 and MgO. The effect of CaO on AFTs was determined by the amount of CaO. CaO, Fe2O3, and MgO promoted the formation of low‐melting eutectic [anorthite, gehlenite, spinel, pyrope, and ringwoodite (Fe‐rich)] and made AFTs low when the mass ratios of high calcium coal were low. On the contrary, the high content of CaO increased AFTs. FactSage7.0 software is a very effective way to explore the effect of mineral transformation on AFTs.
Increased reliability of modified polyolefin backsheet over commonly used polyester backsheets for crystalline PV modules
Authors: Omazic Antonia , Oreski Gernot , Edler Michael , Eder Gabriele Christine , Hirschl Christina , Pinter Gerald , Erceg Matko 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe weathering stability of polymeric backsheets is very important for the reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules. In addition to reliability, cost reduction and sustainability are upcoming challenges the PV backsheet industry is facing with. The most commonly used material for PV backsheets is poly(ethylene‐terephthalate)‐PET. However, PET is in general very sensitive to hydrolysis, which leads to chain scission and causes embrittlement, cracking, delamination, and dimensional instability of the backsheet. Compared to that newly developed modified polyolefin backsheets have favorable selective permeation properties and high mechanical flexibility, which could be key properties for backsheets in terms of higher PV module reliability. In this work, the weathering stability of PET/fluoropolymer backsheet and an alternative coextruded polyolefin‐backsheet was investigated in terms of thermal and mechanical stability. Both materials were artificially aged and the changes caused by aging were investigated. The polyester‐based backsheet showed embrittlement and reduced elongation at break for 70%. The polyolefin‐based backsheet retained its mechanical flexibility even after 2000 h of aging under damp‐heat conditions, with no significant physical or chemical aging processes occurring. The comparison of the results of both backsheets suggests that the polyolefin backsheet is a promising candidate for the reduction of cracks and delamination in the field. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48899.
Decorating Au nanoparticles onto optimized P(tBA‐co‐DMAEMA) carriers for ameliorative catalytic capability
Authors: Shen Tong , Zhong Lina , Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Jiatian , Zhang Dandan , He Kaibin , Yuan Conghui , Xu Yiting , Dai Lizong 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTGold nanoparticles are increasingly being explored as novel catalytic nanomaterials due to their great reductive capacity. However, the van der Waals forces between them would bring poor stabilities as well as attenuated catalytic properties in solution. Therefore, it is significant to find carriers that could prevent catalytic gold nanoparticles from agglomerating. Herein, hydrophilic dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and hydrophobic tert‐butyl acrylate (tBA) were used as co‐monomers to synthesize copolymer P(tBA‐co‐DMAEMA) microspheres by one‐step emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization. Afterward, the self‐assembly behaviors of the amphiphilic polymers P(tBA‐co‐DMAEMA) under different conditions like molar ratio of DMAEMA/tBA and ethanol/water were explored to reveal an optimal condition for obtaining copolymer with appropriate size and morphology. These microspheres were used as carriers for gold nanoparticles, since HAuCl4 could be simply reduced and stabilized on their surface. Furthermore, various conditions such as HAuCl4 content, adding method of HAuCl4, protonation time and reducing conditions were filtered for the decoration of gold nanoparticles on the shell of that assembled copolymer. This composite was applied as an excellent catalyst for hydrogenation of hazardous chemicals (4‐nitrophenol and nitrobenzene). And it shows improved catalytic performance for both 4‐nitrophenol in the aqueous system and nitrobenzene in the oil system. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48920.
A Three‐Dimensional Print Model of the Pterygopalatine Fossa Significantly Enhances the Learning Experience
Authors: Tanner Jordan A. , Jethwa Beeran , Jackson Jeff , Bartanuszova Maria , King Thomas S. , Bhattacharya Arunabh , Sharma Ramaswamy 
Published: January 2020

The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is a bilateral space deep within the skull that serves as a major neurovascular junction. However, its small volume and poor accessibility make it a difficult space to comprehend using two‐dimensional illustrations and cadaveric dissections. A three‐dimensional (3D) printed model of the PPF was developed as a visual and kinesthetic learning tool for completely visualizing the fossa, its boundaries, its communicating channels, and its neurovascular structures. The model was evaluated by analyzing student performance on pre‐ and post‐quizzes and a student satisfaction survey based on the five‐point Likert scale. The first cohort comprised of 88 students who had never before studied the PPF. The second cohort consisted of 30 students who were previously taught the PPF. Each cohort was randomly divided into a control group who were provided with a half skull and an intervention group that were provided with the 3D printed model. The intervention group performed significantly better on the post‐quiz as compared to the control group in cohort I (P = 0.001); while not significant, it also improved learning in cohort II students (P = 0.124). Satisfaction surveys indicated that the intervention group found the 3D printed model to be significantly more useful (P < 0.05) as compared to the half skull used by the control group. Importantly, the effect sizes for cohorts I and II (0.504 and 0.581, respectively) validated the statistical results. Together, this study highlights the importance of 3D printed models as teaching tools in anatomy education.
Synthesis of Sulfamate‐Fused 2‐Aminopyrroles via an Isocyanide‐Based Three Component [1+2+2] Annulation
Authors: Wang Chuan‐Chuan , Ma Zhi‐Wei , Qu Ya‐Li , Liu Zhi‐Jing , Chen Xiao‐Pei , Zhou Jing , Chen Ya‐Jing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn efficient preparation of sulfamate‐fused 2‐aminopyrroles was achieved through an isocyanide‐based three‐component [1+2+2] annulation of isocyanides, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and sulfamate‐derived cyclic imines in good to excellent yields (up to 99 %). This reaction proceeds smoothly without any activation or modification of substances under neutral and metal‐free conditions. The reaction could also be conveniently performed on a gram scale.
Effect of detoxification methods on ABE production from corn stover hydrolysate by Clostridium acetobutylicum CICC 8016
Authors: Wang Fengqin , Dong Yuheng , Cheng Xiang , Xie Hui , Song Andong , Zhang Zhanying 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, effects of different single biomass derived inhibitors on acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) production by Clostridium acetobutylicum CICC 8016 were first investigated. The results showed that formic acid, coumaric acid, and furfural at 0.5 g/L (sodium formate equivalent) inhibited ABE production. Furthermore, corn stover hydrolysate media were prepared following dilute acid pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and detoxification with different methods. Among overliming, steam stripping, acetone–ethyl ether extraction, and ion exchange with five anion resins, adsorption with resin D301 showed the highest efficiency for inhibitor removal (99–100% of phenolics and 87–99% of sugar degradation products). Without detoxification, ABE production was lower than 1.0 g/L from 28.1 g/L sugars whereas ABE production with medium detoxified by D301 resin achieved higher ABE concentrations and yields than control with synthetic medium. Correlation analysis further revealed that formic acid, coumaric acid, and total phenolics were the major compounds inhibiting ABE production. The results also showed that the single detoxification method was sufficient to detoxify the hydrolysate for ABE production at the pretreatment conditions used in this study.
Meta-analysis of α-blockade versus no blockade before adrenalectomy for phaeochromocytoma
Authors: Schimmack S , Kaiser J , Probst P , Kalkum E , Diener M K , Strobel O 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Preoperative α-blockade in phaeochromocytoma surgery is recommended by all guidelines to prevent intraoperative cardiocirculatory events. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the benefit of such preoperative treatment compared with no treatment before adrenalectomy for phaeochromocytoma.

Methods
A systematic literature search was undertaken in MEDLINE, Web of Science and CENTRAL without language restrictions. Randomized and non-randomized comparative studies investigating preoperative α-blockade in phaeochromocytoma surgery were included. Data on perioperative safety, effectiveness and outcomes were extracted. Pooled results were calculated as an odds ratio or mean difference with 95 per cent confidence interval.

Results
A total of four retrospective comparative studies were included investigating 603 patients undergoing phaeochromocytoma surgery. Mortality, cardiovascular complications, mean maximal intraoperative systolic and diastolic BP, and mean maximal intraoperative heart rate did not differ between patients with or without α-blockade. The certainty of the evidence was very low owing to the inferior quality of studies.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis has shown a lack of evidence for preoperative α-blockade in surgery for phaeochromocytoma. RCTs are needed to evaluate whether preoperative α-blockade can be abandoned.
Network meta-analysis of local and regional analgesia following colorectal resection
Authors: Xu W , Varghese C , Bissett I P , O'Grady G , Wells C I 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pain management after colorectal surgery remains challenging. Systemic opiates delivered on demand or via a patient-controlled pump have traditionally been the mainstay of treatment. Opiate analgesia is associated with slower gastrointestinal recovery and unpleasant side-effects; many regional and local analgesic techniques have been developed as alternatives.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL databases were searched systematically for RCTs comparing analgesic techniques after major colorectal resection. A network meta-analysis was performed using a Bayesian random-effects framework with a non-informative prior. Primary outcomes included pain at rest and cumulative opiate consumption 24 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included pain at rest and cumulative opiate consumption at 48 h, pain on movement and cough at 24 and 48 h, time to first stool, time to tolerance of oral diet, duration of hospital stay, nausea and vomiting, and postoperative complications.ResultsSeventy-four RCTs, including 5101 patients and 11 different techniques, were included. Some inconsistency and heterogeneity was found. SUCRA scores showed that spinal analgesia was the best intervention for postoperative pain and opiate reduction at 24 h. Transversus abdominus plane blocks were effective in reducing pain and opiate consumption 24 h after surgery. Subgroup analysis showed similar results for open versus minimally invasive surgical approaches, and enhanced recovery after surgery programmes.ConclusionSpinal analgesia and transversus abdominus plane blocks best balanced pain control and opiate minimization in the immediate postoperative phase following colorectal resection. Multimodal analgesia reduces pain, minimizes systemic opiate use and optimizes postoperative recovery.
Perioperative fluid management for major elective surgery
Authors: Heming N , Moine P , Coscas R , Annane D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Adequate fluid balance before, during and after surgery may reduce morbidity. This review examines current concepts surrounding fluid management in major elective surgery.

Method
A narrative review was undertaken following a PubMed search for English language reports published before July 2019 using the terms ‘surgery’, ‘fluids’, ‘fluid therapy’, ‘colloids’, ‘crystalloids’, ‘albumin’, ‘starch’, ‘saline’, ‘gelatin’ and ‘goal directed therapy’. Additional reports were identified by examining the reference lists of selected articles.

Results
Fluid therapy is a cornerstone of the haemodynamic management of patients undergoing major elective surgery. Both fluid overload and hypovolaemia are deleterious during the perioperative phase. Zero-balance fluid therapy should be aimed for. In high-risk patients, individualized haemodynamic management should be titrated through the use of goal-directed therapy. The optimal type of fluid to be administered during major surgery remains to be determined.

Conclusion
Perioperative fluid management is a key challenge during major surgery. Individualized volume optimization by means of goal-directed therapy is warranted during high-risk surgery. In most patients, balanced crystalloids are the first choice of fluids to be used in the operating theatre. Additional research on the optimal type of fluid for use during major surgery is needed.
Associations between personality and whole‐brain functional connectivity at rest: Evidence across the adult lifespan
Authors: Simon Sharon S. , Varangis Eleanna , Stern Yaakov 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionPersonality is associated with cognitive, emotional, and social functioning, and can play a role in age‐related cognitive decline and dementia risk; however, little is known about the brain dynamics underlying personality characteristics, and whether they are moderated by age. MethodsWe investigated the associations between personality and resting‐state functional MRI data from 365 individuals across the adult lifespan (20–80 years). Participants completed the 50‐item International Personality Item Pool and a resting‐state imaging protocol on a 3T MRI scanner. Within‐network connectivity values were computed based on predefined networks. Regression analyzes were conducted in order to investigate personality–connectivity associations, as well as moderation by age. All models controlled for potential confounders (such as age, sex, education, IQ, and the other personality traits).ResultsWe found that openness was positively associated with connectivity in the default‐mode network, neuroticism was negatively associated with both the ventral and dorsal attention networks, and agreeableness was negatively associated with the dorsal attention network. In addition, age moderated the association between conscientiousness and the frontoparietal network, indicating that this association become stronger in older age.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that personality is associated with brain connectivity, which may contribute to identifying personality profiles that play a role in protection against or risk for age‐related brain changes and dementia.
Extracellular vesicle‐derived circ_SLC19A1 promotes prostate cancer cell growth and invasion through the miR‐497/septin 2 pathway
Authors: Zheng Yu , Li Jian‐xin , Chen Chao‐jiang , Lin Zhuo‐yuan , Liu Jia‐xuan , Lin Fu‐jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe occurrence and development of prostate cancer (PCa) is complex, and the related mechanism is not fully understood. Current studies have found that extracellular vesicles (EVs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have important functions in various tumours and other diseases. In this study, the detection of circRNAs in PCa showed that circ_SLC19A1 was increased in PCa cells and their secreted EVs. EVs with high expression of circ_SLC19A1 could be taken up by PCa cells, which promoted cell proliferation and invasion. The sequence of circ_SLC19A1 contained multiple binding sites for miR‐497, and circ_SLC19A1 could bind directly to miR‐497 in cells. The expression of miR‐497 was downregulated in PCa cells, while the expression of its target gene septin 2 (SEPT2) was upregulated significantly. Transfection of circ_SLC19A1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or miR‐497 mimics could significantly inhibit the expression of SEPT2 and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). After co‐transfection of circ_SLC19A1 siRNA and miR‐497 inhibitors or SEPT2 overexpression vector, the expression of SEPT2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels showed no significant changes. Similar results were obtained with co‐transfection of miR‐497 mimics and the SEPT2 overexpression vector. Therefore, cancer cells can regulate the expression of SEPT2 through miR‐497 by secreting EVs with high expression of circ_SLC19A1, thus affecting the activation of the downstream ERK1/2 pathway and ultimately regulating PCa cell growth and invasion. Therefore, EV‐derived circ_SLC19A1 plays an important regulatory role in PCa and may be an important target for PCa prevention and treatment.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of 1,6‐Enynes with Racemic Secondary Allylic Alcohols through Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Suzuki Shunsuke , Shibata Yu , Tanaka Ken 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt has been established that a cationic rhodium(I)/P‐phos complex catalyzes the asymmetric [2+2+2] cycloaddition of 1,6‐enynes with racemic secondary allylic alcohols to produce the corresponding chiral bicyclic cyclohexenes, possessing three stereogenic centers, as a single diastereomer with excellent ee values. Mechanistic experiments revealed that the present cycloaddition proceeds through the kinetic resolution of the racemic secondary allylic alcohols, in which one enantiomer preferentially reacts with the 1,6‐enyne.