bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One day is better than four days of ejaculatory abstinence for sperm function
Authors: Okada Fatima Kazue , Andretta Rhayza Roberta , Spaine Deborah Montagnini 
Published: September 2020

According to the World Health Organization guidelines, ejaculatory abstinence (EA) of 2–7 days is recommended for semen analysis. This study aimed to determine how seminal quality may be affected by two EA periods from the same man. Seminal samples from 65 men were evaluated by conventional semen analysis and qualitative characteristics after 1 and 4 days of EA (two samples/man). The semen was qualitatively analyzed by examining oxidative activity (intracellular and seminal plasma), sperm function (acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, and nuclear DNA integrity), and epididymal function. As expected, samples collected after 1 day of EA showed a decrease in volume and sperm total number compared to samples collected after 4 days of EA. The sperm motility of the samples collected after 1 day of EA was better compared to samples collected after 4 days of EA. Oxidative activity measured was lower after 1 day of EA compared with those measured after 4 days of EA. With regards to sperm function, samples collected after 1 day of EA showed an increase in acrosome integrity, mitochondrial activity, and nuclear DNA integrity compared with samples collected after 4 days of EA. Epididymal function showed no difference between the two-time points. Although samples collected after 4 days of EA showed better results for sperm quantity, samples collected after 1 day of EA showed better qualitative results, including motility, oxidative activity, and sperm function. Thus, it can be concluded that sperm storage at the epididymal tail may make spermatozoa more susceptible to oxidative damage.

Lay summary
According to the World Health Organization guidelines, stopping ejaculation for 2 to 7 days is recommended before sperm collection for semen analysis. However, the evidence that supports these recommendations is limited. Our study aimed to compare how sperm quality was affected in samples collected after stopping ejaculation for 1 day and 4 days (two samples per man) in a total of 65 men. Although sample collection after stopping ejaculation for 4 days showed better semen quantity (volume and sperm concentration), sample collection after stopping ejaculation for 1 day showed better sperm motility and function. If not ejaculated, sperm are stored in the epididymis tail located in the scrotum beside the testicles and our study suggests that longer sperm storage may damage sperm quality. The results from this study may be used to inform guidance for sperm collection for use in assisted reproduction techniques, and lead to an improvement in both fertilization and implantation rates.
Is Postoperative Pain a Mediator of Cancerous Mortality?
Authors: Wang Fuzhou 
Published: September 2020

Postoperative pain is considered as a risk factor for the mortality of cancerous patients. Are there convincing evidence demonstrating the causality between them? It is hard to draw a conclusion from the currently available data. Pain itself is an immune suppressor and functions as a tumor-promoting mediator, but it is strongly associated with the pain intensity. The mild-to-moderate pain is a favorable factor to the recovery for patients from surgeries. Everything possesses dual facets: yin and yang balance system. What we need to do is how to take advantage of the favorable from both sides rather than debate which is superior to the other. Yes, even overbalance there, the key necessary for it is to taking measures to keep them on balance.
Granulocyte Therapy for Cancer
Authors: Wang Dong 
Published: September 2020

GRANULOCYTE THERAPY FOR CANCER is the first book ever published dealing with the origin and development of the Granulocyte Therapy for Cancer. Dr. Zheng Cui has been regarded as “the father of cancer resistance super-mice”, made great contribution to the progress of Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. This book, based on his ten years’ research, intends to present a comprehensive overview from the serendipity discovery of the cancer complete resistant/ spontaneous regression (CR/SR) mice to the relevant cancer target killing mechanism mediated by leukocytes, as well as how the innovative therapeutic approach, Leukocyte Infusion Therapy (LIFT) applicable to human cancer.
Critical Review of Street Connectivity Between Tejgaon Industrial Area and Adjacent Hatirjheel Development
Authors: Sharif Tousif Hossain  
Published: September 2020

Tejgaon’s development process was initiated in the 1950s by the Department of Public Works (PWD) as an industrial zone and it was also indicate in the first master plan of Dhaka (1959). In1968, Tejgaon was designed as light industrial area by the Dhaka Improvement Trust (DIT). After Liberation war in 1971 Tejgaon become the most sought after place for industrial activity for not only its being on the outskirts of the than city center but also for the rising demand for the growing population of Dhaka. Several residential areas were developed beyond Tejgaon industrial areas (TIA) resulting in the rapid transformation of land use at this point into a mixed use development changing the physical characteristics of TIA. Responding to this transformation, the Government of Bangladesh has decided to develop Tejgaon industrial area as commercial cum residential hub. At the same time low lying areas i.e. Hatirjheel area on the south of TIA was developed to connect the northern residential areas (beyond TIA) with the older urban core. TIA thus came in between Hatirjheel development and Northern residential areas as such requiring rethinking of the street connectivity in the area. Transformation of TIA and the development of Hatirjheel provides an opportunity to rethink about the connectivity of road network. This study critically reviews the street connectivity between TIA and the adjacent new Hatirjheel development. It is identified that the new Hatirjheel development did not take note of the older TIA road network thus creating problem of urban mobility and integration. This study aims at identifying the street connectivity by quantitative and qualitative method using tools like Depthmapx10 to understand the new dynamics and suggest measures for better urban mobility.
THE SOCIAL ASPECT OF THE USAGE OF PUPILS' SELF-EXPRESSION SKILLS ACQUIRED WITHIN MUSIC EDUCATION
Authors: Kepule Iveta , STRODE AINA 
Published: September 2020

Aim. The aim of the research is to study the usage of primary school pupils’ self-expression skills acquired within music education in various social contexts.
Methods. Theoretical research method – the analysis of literature, empirical data acquisition method – questionnaire. Statistical data processing has been carried out in IBM SPSS 23 programme, using the following data processing methods: frequency analysis; Mann-Whitney U test for the comparison of two independent groups; Kruskal-Wallis test for the comparison of three or more independent groups; Kendall rank correlation coefficient for the assessment of associations between two variables.
Results. In the development of self-expression skills, an important aspect is the social performance criterion that is based on pupils’ need for self-expression in a social environment of practising music. Age and gender-based correlations in the assessment of a self-expression skill criterion "Social performance" indicate that with age pupils become more independent and engaged in music-related social activities. Girls are socially more active and emotional and engage in artistic activities more often. The research confirms the role of teachers in the development of pupils’ self-expression skills, promoting integration of formal and informal learning process and transformation in formal and informal learning environment.
Conclusions. The dynamics and interactions of self-expression skills’ development factors (social, emotional and intellectual) defines pupils’ individual self-expression skills and development tendencies. Self-expression is important for pupils in social aspect, as it is related to socialisation in microenvironment (family) and macroenvironment (friends) and affects cooperation and communication.
Smart learning environments in a contemporary museum: a case study
Authors: Kasperiuniene Judita , Tandzegolskiene Ilona 
Published: September 2020

Aim. The modern museum becomes an attractive learning place and space where the visitor, depending on age and competence, develops personal experience, and constructs the learning process based on personalized goals. The article aims to reveal how spaces in museums are exploited, in what ways visitors are involved in a narrative that connects the present and the past.
Concept. The research uses a case-study method to investigate the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews (Poland), Ruhr Museum (Germany), and Vienna Technical Museum (Austria). Within the smart learning environment context, this study explains how to encourage museum visitors to learn and seek answers.
Results and conclusion. Four main directions are emphasized: the construction of a narrative through the creation of spaces and places, the creation of a historical narrative through simulacra, the educational effect of smart solutions, and the edutainment. The findings show that change in the museum by combining design solutions, historical narrative, time experience, and smart technologies leads to cognitive, engaging learning, touching, feeling, and experiencing different emotions, encouraging a return to the museum, inviting to learn, and shaping one's personal experience.
Cognitive value. Contemporary museums invite visitors to a new experience combining artistic space design, storytelling, individual time management, and the use of smart learning environments. These challenges are shifting museum narratives and influencing non-formal learning programs. Authors raise a discussion of how, by exploiting museum spaces, the visitors are involved in the stories, and how the smart learning environment is created in a modern museum.
THE CONFRONTATION OF EDUCATION AND CUSTOMARY LAW AT SCHOOL: THE CASE OF ROMA GIRLS
Authors: ŽEMAITĖLYTĖ-IVANAVIČĖ INGRIDA 
Published: September 2020

Aim. The main goal of the article is to generalise and describe the aspects revealed during the ethnographic research conducted in 2018 that are related to the gender of Roma girls, as representatives of ethnic group, which have influence on the process of education in the context of school community.
Concept. During the ethnographic research conducted in one of the schools in Lithuania in 2018, the fragments of Romani customary law were revealed, which are directly related to the female gender and show how belonging to a certain gender can have impact on the process of education at school. The Roma students were observed in their daily learning and communication environment, i.e. at school. The ethnographic research helped to reveal the ways a Roma school student thinks (interview method) and behaves (observation method) in a basic school. The present research was based on anthropological methodology (Okely, 2002; Bhopal & Myers, 2008; Durst, 2010) and mainly focused on one case-study.
Conclusion. The Roma girls in the research acknowledged that life of Roma men is easier and that a heavy burden is placed on the shoulders of girls, what often hinders their successful learning. The burden mentioned by the Roma girls is related to responsibilities in housework and family. She is accompanied by the pressure of community to start a family early: to get married and to give birth to children and, thus, to emphasise and confirm own belonging to this ethnic group and continuation of traditions. The situation is exacerbated by the stereotypes in society and the Roma community, which in most cases are ruthless towards Roma girls and women.
Cognitive value. The patriarchate, as the basis of Romani culture, and the unwritten customary law accompanying it frequently become a source of ambiguity. The Roma people, as an ethic group, draw a very distinct boundary between the understanding of "we" and "they", i.e. "the Roma people" and "gadje". Being a non-Roma researcher, i.e. gadje, one faces a difficult challenge - not to make mistakes interpreting various aspects of Romani culture, especially such sensitive ones as gender, gender roles and inequality. However, it becomes easier evaluating indisputable facts: the Romani customary law has influence on the process of their children's education. Roma children (girls in particular) still abandon the system of education too early (from our, gadje, perspective). EU documents (European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights [FRA], 2014) indicate that more Roma girls than boys indicate the fact of marriage or pregnancy to be the reason for early school leaving. The academic discourse, feminist anthropology allows for particularly critical evaluation of processes.
Coronavirus Disease in Pakistan: Response and Challenges from Prevention to Care
Authors: Naqvi Syeda Ghadeer Zehra , Fatima Kainat , Jamal Kanwal , Sheroze Muhammad Waqaruddin 
Published: September 2020

Immensely contagious Coronavirus disease was imported in Pakistan and became health emergency concern in no time. Pakistan, being a resource limited nation has encountered worst transmission dynamics and received public, social, economic challenges. Pakistani officials responded sufficiently to outbreak. However, community transmission became an emergent threat and proportion of mortalities became exponential. Hence, Pakistan was scantily prepared to respond to an overhanging hazardous outbreak. This study comment on response of Pakistani government to Coronavirus disease, sheds light on challenges faced during the Covid-19 pandemic and concluded by highlighting concept of preparedness and providing some recommendations.
Molecular and pathological characterisation of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus on Egyptian chicken farms during 2016–2018
Authors: Mousa Mohamed R. , Mohammed Faten F. , El-deeb Ayman H. , Khalefa Hanan Saad , Ahmed Kawkab A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNewcastle disease virus (NDV) remains a constant threat to the poultry industry even with intensive vaccination programmes. In the present study, 40 samples were collected from farms showing high mortalities in some Egyptian governorates between 2016 and 2018. Tracheal samples were collected for virus isolation and confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Molecular characterisation was performed by sequencing, followed by phylogenetic analysis of the novel sequences. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed on different organs from NDV-infected broilers. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NDV isolates from different areas of Egypt were genetically closely related and all belonged to genotype VII. The histopathological hallmarks included haemorrhagic tracheitis, interstitial pneumonia with syncytia formation, haemorrhagic proventriculitis, necrotising pancreatitis, pan-lymphoid depletion, non-suppurative encephalitis and nephritis. Immunological detection of NDV antigen clarified the widespread presence of viral antigen in different organs with severe lesions. The present study confirmed that a virulent NDV of genotype VII became the predominant strain, causing severe outbreaks in poultry farms in Egypt. The presence of viral antigen in different organs indicates the pantropic nature of the virus. Immunohistochemistry was a very useful diagnostic tool for the detection of NDV antigen.
Aplikasi Analisis Hirarki Proses pada Model Internal Rating Credit Line Bagi Bank Syariah
Authors: Afrilia Astri 
Published: September 2020

Bank dalam menjalankan aktivitas bisnisnya senantiasa bersinggungan dengan risiko. Maka dari itu, diperlukan suatu sistem pemeringkatan internal sehingga bank dapat menyeleksi debitur maupun counterparty berdasarkan tingkat risikonya. Salah satu aktivitas bank adalah pemberian credit line bagi Bank Syariah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk merumuskan model pemeringkatan credit line bagi Bank Syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode Analisis Hirarki Proses. Temuan penting penelitian ini adalah diperolehnya suatu model internal rating credit line bagi Bank Syariah yang selanjutnya dapat digunakan untuk membantu bank dalam menentukan kelayakan suatu Bank Syariah menjadi mitra bank berdasarkan tingkat risikonya.
Cardiovascular Risk After Adjuvant Trastuzumab in Early Breast Cancer: An Italian Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Franchi Matteo , Trama Annalisa , Merlo Ivan , Minicozzi Pamela , Tarantini Luigi , Garau Donatella , Kirchmayer Ursula , Di Martino Mirko , Romero Marilena , De Carlo Ilenia , Scondotto Salvatore , Apolone Giovanni , Corrao Giovanni ,   on behalf of the FABIO working group
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Although trastuzumab (T) represents the standard of care for the adjuvant treatment of HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer, contrasting results are available about the cardiac toxicity associated to its use. We conducted a multiregional population-based cohort investigation aimed to assess both the short- and long-term cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in women with early breast cancer treated with T-based or standard adjuvant chemotherapy (CT).

Materials and Methods
We used health care use databases of six Italian regions, overall accounting for 42% of the Italian population. The study cohort was made by all women surgically treated for breast cancer who started a first-line adjuvant T-based or CT treatment. Patients treated with T were 1:2 matched to those treated with CT based on date of treatment start, age, and presence of CV risk factors. Short- and long-term CV outcomes (heart failure and cardiomyopathy) were measured, respectively, after 1 year and at the end of follow-up.

Results
Among 28,599 women who met the inclusion criteria, 6,208 T users were matched to 12,416 CT users. After a mean follow-up of 5.88 years, short- and long-term cumulative CV risk were 0.8% and 2.6% in patients treated with T and 0.2% and 2.8% in those treated with CT, respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios were 4.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6–8.0) for short-term and 1.2 (95% CI, 0.9–1.6) for long-term CV risk.

Discussion
In our large real-world investigation, T-associated cardiotoxicity was limited to the treatment period. The addition of T to adjuvant CT did not result in long-term worsening of CV events.
PARP Inhibitors and Prostate Cancer: To Infinity and BeyondBRCA
Authors: Risdon Emily N. , Chau Cindy H. , Price Douglas K. , Sartor Oliver , Figg William D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently approved two poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, olaparib and rucaparib, for treatment of biomarker-positive metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer. The benefits of PARP inhibition have been well characterized in patients who have BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in several forms of cancer. BRCA1 and BRCA2 occupy key roles in DNA damage repair, which is comprised of several different pathways with numerous participants. Patients with mutations in other key genes within the DNA damage repair pathway may also respond to treatment with PARP inhibitors, and identification of these alterations could significantly increase the percentage of patients that may benefit from PARP inhibition. This review focuses on the potential for synthetically lethal interactions between PARP inhibitors and non-BRCA DNA damage repair genes.Implications for PracticeThe treatment potential of PARP inhibition has been well characterized in patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, but there is compelling evidence for expanding the use of PARP inhibitors to mutations of other non-BRCA DNA damage repair (DDR) genes. This could increase the percentage of patients that may benefit from treatment with PARP inhibitors alone or in combination with other therapies. Understanding the significance of PARP inhibitor-sensitizing alterations in other common non-BRCA DDR genes will help guide clinical decisions to provide targeted treatment options to a wider population of patients.
A Phase I Trial of Trametinib in Combination with Sorafenib in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Cancer
Authors: Kim Richard , Tan Elaine , Wang Emily , Mahipal Amit , Chen Dung-Tsa , Cao Biwei , Masawi Fadzai , Machado Cindy , Yu James , Kim Dae Won 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Lessons Learned
The combination of trametinib and sorafenib has an acceptable safety profile, albeit at doses lower than approved for monotherapy. Maximum tolerated dose is trametinib 1.5 mg daily and sorafenib 200 mg twice daily. The limited anticancer activity observed in this unselected patient population does not support further exploration of trametinib plus sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background
The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is associated with proliferation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Preclinical data suggest that paradoxical activation of the MAPK pathway may be one of the resistance mechanisms of sorafenib; therefore, we evaluated trametinib plus sorafenib in HCC.

Methods
This was a phase I study with a 3+3 design in patients with treatment-naïve advanced HCC. The primary objective was safety and tolerability. The secondary objective was clinical efficacy.

Results
A total of 17 patients were treated with three different doses of trametinib and sorafenib. Two patients experienced dose-limiting toxicity, including grade 4 hypertension and grade 3 elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/bilirubin over 7 days. Maximum tolerated dose was trametinib 1.5 mg daily and sorafenib 200 mg twice a day. The most common grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events were elevated AST (37%) and hypertension (24%). Among 11 evaluable patients, 7 (63.6%) had stable disease with no objective response. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.7 and 7.8 months, respectively. Phosphorylated-ERK was evaluated as a pharmacodynamic marker, and sorafenib plus trametinib inhibited phosphorylated-ERK up to 98.1% (median: 81.2%) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Conclusion
Trametinib and sorafenib can be safely administered up to trametinib 1.5 mg daily and sorafenib 200 mg twice a day with limited anticancer activity in advanced HCC.