bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetus in Fetu: Lessons Learned from a Large Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Taher Heba M. A. , Abdellatif Mostafa , Wishahy Ahmed Mohamed Kadry , Waheeb Saber , Saadeldin Yasser , Kaddah Sherif , Abdulsattar Ayman Hussein , Osman Mohamed Abdulkader , El Tagy Gamal Hassan , Elbarbary Mohamed M. , Khairi Ahmad , Tawfik Sherifa , Anis Shady , Anis Elia , Farouk Moemn , Abdelfattah Ahmed Hamdy , Muensterer Oliver J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction Fetus in fetu (FIF) is an extremely rare condition of abnormal twinning during embryogenesis. Most publications are single case reports. We describe the combined experience of four large tertiary referral centers with FIF which were not previously reported or published, and thereby draw conclusions to establish criteria for the workup, diagnosis, and management including intraoperative risk.
Materials and Methods A survey was forwarded to a national pediatric surgery group which includes members from all pediatric surgery centers in the country enquiring about unpublished cases of FIF encountered over a 20-year interval. The cohort was analyzed for age of presentation, type of presentation, diagnostic workup, surgical management, and outcome.
Results From 1998 to 2018, a total of 10 FIF cases were included in the study. Mean age of presentation was 4 months. Computed tomography and ultrasound were the main preoperative diagnostic modality in our cohort. Resection of the mass was curative in nine cases. Two cases in which the FIF was in direct topographic proximity to the biliary tree suffered severe intraoperative or lethal postoperative complications.
Conclusion Complete excision of FIF is the treatment of choice and generally results in excellent long-term quality of life. Mortality is rare and may be associated with biliary involvement and retroperitoneal right upper quadrant location of the FIF tends to be associated with increased risk in excision, and there is also a possible association with the presence of immature elements in the pathology report.
Intrauterine Pressure Catheter Use Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Postcesarean Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Gee Stephen E. , Ma'ayeh Marwan , Ward Calvin , Buhimschi Catalin , Klebanoff Mark , Rood Kara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine if intrapartum placement of an intrauterine pressure catheter (IUPC) is associated with an increased rate of surgical site infections in women undergoing a cesarean delivery.
Study Design This was a secondary analysis of the prospective observational Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units Network Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Registry. We compared patients with and without IUPC use. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate for an association between IUPC use and postcesarean surgical site infections.
Results The study included 16,887 women: 7,441 with IUPC use and 9,446 without IUPC use. After adjustment for potential cofounders, IUPC use was associated with an increased risk of postcesarean infections compared with those without IUPC use (adjusted odds ratio: 1.28; 95% confidence interval: 1.10–1.50; p = 0.002).
Conclusion IUPC use is associated with an increased risk of postcesarean surgical site infections. This supports the judicious use of IUPC for limited clinical indications and provides a potential area of focus for reduction in postcesarean infections.
The Way to Man's Heart Is through the Stomach
Authors: Grossman Rebecca , Francis Rohin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrgan systems do not exist in a vacuum. However, in an era of increasingly specialized medicine, the focus is often on the organ system alone. Many symptoms are associated with differential diagnoses from upper gastrointestinal (GI) and cardiovascular medical and surgical specialties. Furthermore, a large number of rare but deadly conditions cross paths between the upper GI tract and cardiovascular system; a significant proportion of these are iatrogenic injuries from a parallel specialty. These include unusual fistulae, herniae, and embolisms that transcend specialties. This review highlights these conditions and the shared anatomy and embryology of the two organ systems.
Intravesical Oxybutynin for Urgent Bladder Rescue in a Newborn with Posterior Urethral Valves
Authors: Molina Caballero Ada , Pérez Martínez Alberto , Goñi Orayen Concepción , Sierra Colomina Gemma , Lavilla Oiz Ana , Armendariz Cuevas Yolanda 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPosterior urethral valves are the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in male newborns. Initial catheter drainage alleviates the urethral obstruction before definitive management by valve ablation. Newborns with posterior urethral valves often present with hypercontractile bladders that may inhibit upper tract drainage despite bladder catheterization. Anticholinergic agents are commonly used to treat detrusor hyperactivity, with oxybutynin being the most commonly used. We report the first case of a newborn with posterior urethral valves and ureterovesical junction obstruction caused by detrusor hypertrophy who underwent urgent intravesical instillation of oxybutynin at high doses in an attempt to avoid a diversion procedure.
Comparison of Insall–Salvati Index and Its Modification in Normal Dogs from Four Different Body Weight Groups
Authors: Ocal Mehmet K. , Seyrek-Intas Deniz , Cagatay Soner 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective The objectives of this study were to record the values of Insall-Salvati (IS) index and its modification in dogs classified into four different body weight groups and to determine whether these index values were influenced by sex.
Study Design Bilateral mediolateral radiographs of 86 dogs were obtained. The dogs were classified into four different body weight groups: small, medium, large and giant. The patellar length (PL), caudal and cranial patellar ligament lengths (LLca and LLcr), stifle angle and superimposition of the femoral condyles were measured on the radiographs. The IS index and its modification (LLcr:PL) were calculated by dividing LLca or LLcr by the PL respectively. Spearman's correlation test and analysis of variance were used for statistical analyses.
Results The sex of the dog and the presence of enthesophytes at the apex of the patella were two influential factors for the IS and LLcr:PL values. The mean IS values were 1.60 ± 0.28 in small dogs, 1.73 ± 0.27 in medium dogs, 1.82 ± 0.21 in large dogs and 1.97 ± 0.13 in giant dogs. The mean LLcr:PL for the same groups were 2.05 ± 0.23, 2.13 ± 0.19, 2.23 ± 0.21 and 2.27 ± 0.16 respectively.
Conclusion The reference intervals for the IS index were 1.04 to 2.16 in the small dogs, 1.19 to 2.27 in the medium dogs, 1.40 to 2.24 in the large dogs and 1.71 to 2.23 in the giant dogs. The reference intervals for the LLcr:PL index were 1.59 to 2.51 in the small dogs, 1.75 to 2.51 in the medium dogs, 1.81 to 2.65 in the large dogs and 1.95 to 2.59 in the giant dogs. Dogs with values exceeding these reference intervals have patella alta and those with values below these intervals have patella baja.
Antenatal Fetal Adrenal Measurements at 22 to 30 Weeks' Gestation, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Perinatal Morbidity
Authors: Blue Nathan R. , Hoffman Matthew , Allshouse Amanda A. , Grobman William A. , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Turan Ozhan M. , Parry Samuel , Chung Judith H. , Reddy Uma , Haas David M. , Myers Stephen , Mercer Brian , Saade George R. , Silver Robert M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective Our objective was to test the association of fetal adrenal size with perinatal morbidity among fetuses with fetal growth restriction (FGR; estimated fetal weight [EFW] < 10th percentile).
Study Design This was a secondary analysis of the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-be (nuMoM2b) adrenal study, which measured fetal adrenal gland size at 22 to 30 weeks' gestation. We analyzed the transverse adrenal area (TAA) and fetal zone area (absolute measurements and corrected for fetal size) and the ratio of the fetal zone area to the total transverse area using a composite perinatal outcome of stillbirth, neonatal intensive care unit admission, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, sepsis, mechanical ventilation, seizure, or death. Among fetuses with FGR, adrenal measurements were compared between those that did and did not experience the composite perinatal outcome.
Results There were 1,709 eligible neonates. Seven percent (n = 120) were diagnosed with FGR at the time of adrenal measurement, and 14.7% (n = 251) experienced perinatal morbidity. EFW-corrected and absolute adrenal measurements were similar among fetuses with and without FGR as well as among those who did and did not experience morbidity. The area under the curve for corrected TAA was 0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.38–0.67).
Conclusion In our cohort, adrenal size was not associated with risk of morbidity among fetuses with FGR.
A New Scoring System for the Assessment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Kocherlakota Prabhakar , Qian Edward C. , Patel Vishwas C. , Mandru Cosmina , Vilar Rolando E. , Alpan Gad , La Gamma Edmund F. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the concordance of a new scoring system for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and NAS scores to the traditional Modified Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring Tool (M-FNAST) score. The NAS score is based on the physiology of withdrawal, with equal emphasis on behavior, and neurological signs.
Study Design The NAS scores for a control group of 202 healthy, term neonates were compared with those for 45 term neonates with NAS. The NAS and M-FNAST scores obtained simultaneously in 45 term neonates with NAS were compared using correlation, linear regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine the validity, reliability, and specificity of the NAS scores.
Results The association between the NAS and M-FNAST scores was high (Spearman's correlation, 83%; linear regression, 83%), with an area under the curve of the NAS score of 1.00 (p < 0.01). A cut-off NAS score ≥4 identified NAS neonates with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96%. The values of intraclass correlation, interrater agreement, and Cronbach's α were 0.63, 0.88, and 0.63, respectively.
Conclusion The new NAS scoring system is valid, reliable, physiologically based, and correlates closely with the M-FNAST score. The NAS scores may require further validation before its use in clinical practice.
The Effect of Intramuscular 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone in Women Screened for Shortened Cervical Length
Authors: Wood S. Lindsay , Williams Bria N. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Owen John 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective This article assesses the effect of weekly intramuscular 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P) on midtrimester cervical length (CL) in patients with prior spontaneous preterm birth.
Study Design Retrospective cohort study of all singletons that underwent CL screening at a single institution from 2011 to 2016. The timing of 17P exposure was assessed. The primary outcome was shortest midtrimester CL. Secondary outcomes included gestational age at delivery, rate of short cervix, cerclage, preterm labor admission, and preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PROM). Multivariable regression analysis was used to model the relationship between 17P exposure and shortest CL, controlling for selected covariates.
Results Of 409 women who underwent screening, 211 received and 198 did not receive 17P prior to the last CL. Rates of short cervix and cerclage were similar between groups. After adjusting for covariates, the shortest CL was significantly shorter in the 17P group. In a secondary analysis, those who received any 17P (n = 293) versus those who did not (n = 116) had higher rates of preterm PROM, preterm labor admission, and cerclage. After controlling for covariates, gestational age at delivery was significantly lower in those receiving 17P.
Conclusion In high-risk patients undergoing CL screening for ultrasound-indicated cerclage, 17P did not prevent midtrimester cervical shortening or prolong gestation.
Can a contemporary dietary assessment tool or wearable technology accurately assess the energy intake of professional young rugby league players? A doubly labelled water validation study
Authors: Costello Nessan , Deighton Kevin , Dalton‐Barron Nick , Whitehead Sarah , Preston Thomas , Jones Ben 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAccurate quantification of energy intake is imperative in athletes; however traditional dietary assessment tools are frequently inaccurate. Therefore, this study investigated the validity of a contemporary dietary assessment tool or wearable technology to determine the total energy intake (TEI) of professional young athletes. The TEI of eight professional young male rugby league players was determined by three methods; Snap‐N‐Send, SenseWear Armbands (SWA) combined with metabolic power and doubly labelled water (DLW; intake‐balance method; criterion) across a combined ten‐day pre‐season and seven‐day in‐season period. Changes in fasted body mass were recorded, alongside changes in body composition via isotopic dilution and a validated energy density equation. Energy intake was calculated via the intake‐balance method. Snap‐N‐Send non‐significantly over‐reported pre‐season and in‐season energy intake by 0.21 (2.37) MJ.day−1(p= 0.833) and 0.51 (1.73) MJ.day−1(p= 0.464), respectively. This represented atrivialandsmallstandardised mean bias, andvery largeandlargetypical error. SenseWear Armbands and metabolic power significantly under‐reported pre‐season and in‐season TEI by 3.51 (2.42) MJ.day−1(p= 0.017) and 2.18 (1.85) MJ.day−1(p= 0.021), respectively. This represents alargeandmoderatestandardised mean bias, andvery largeandvery largetypical error. There was amost likelylarger daily error reported by SWA and metabolic power than Snap‐N‐Send across pre‐season (3.30 (2.45) MJ.day−1; ES = 1.26 ± 0.68;p= 0.014) and in‐season periods (1.67 (2.00) MJ.day−1; ES = 1.27 ± 0.70;p= 0.012). This study demonstrates the enhanced validity of Snap‐N‐Send for assessing athlete TEI over combined wearable technology, although caution is required when determining the individual TEIs of athletes via Snap‐N‐Send.
An entropic Landweber method for linear ill-posed problems
Authors: Burger M , Resmerita E , Benning M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the use of a Landweber-type method involving the Shannon entropy for the regularization of linear ill-posed problems. We derive a closed form solution for the iterates and analyze their convergence behaviour both in a case of reconstructing general nonnegative unknowns as well as for the sake of recovering probability distributions. Moreover, we discuss several variants of the algorithm and relations to other methods in the literature. The effectiveness of the approach is studied numerically in several examples.
Ultra-intense laser pulse characterization using ponderomotive electron scattering
Authors: Mackenroth Felix , Holkundkar Amol R , Schlenvoigt Hans-Peter 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present a new analytical solution for the equation of motion of relativistic electrons in the focus of a high-intensity laser pulse. We approximate the electron’s transverse dynamics in the averaged field of a long laser pulse focused to a Gaussian transverse profile. The resultant ponderomotive scattering is found to feature an upper boundary of the electrons’ scattering angles, depending on the laser parameters and the electrons’ initial state of motion. In particular, we demonstrate the angles into which the electrons are scattered by the laser scale as a simple relation of their initial energy to the laser’s amplitude. We find two regimes to be distinguished in which either the laser’s focusing or peak power are the main drivers of ponderomotive scattering. Based on this result, we demonstrate how the intensity of a laser pulse can be determined from a ring-shaped pattern in the spatial distribution of a high-energy electron beam scattered from the laser. We confirm our analysis by means of detailed relativistic test particle simulations of the electrons’ averaged ponderomotive dynamics in the full electromagnetic fields of the focused laser pulse.
Adaptive Bayesian phase estimation for quantum error correcting codes
Authors: Martínez-García F , Vodola D , Müller M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Realisation of experiments even on small and medium-scale quantum computers requires an optimisation of several parameters to achieve high-fidelity operations. As the size of the quantum register increases, the characterisation of quantum states becomes more difficult since the number of parameters to be measured grows as well and finding efficient observables in order to estimate the parameters of the model becomes a crucial task. Here we propose a method relying on application of Bayesian inference that can be used to determine systematic, unknown phase shifts of multi-qubit states. This method offers important advantages as compared to Ramsey-type protocols. First, application of Bayesian inference allows the selection of an adaptive basis for the measurements which yields the optimal amount of information about the phase shifts of the state. Secondly, this method can process the outcomes of different observables at the same time. This leads to a substantial decrease in the resources needed for the estimation of phases, speeding up the state characterisation and optimisation in experimental implementations. The proposed Bayesian inference method can be applied in various physical platforms that are currently used as quantum processors.
Magnetic tunnel junctions consisting of a periodic grating barrier and two half-metallic electrodes
Authors: Fang Henan , Xiao Mingwen , Zhong Yuanyuan , Rui Wenbin , Du Jun , Tao Zhikuo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We have developed a spintronic theory for magnetic tunnel junctions consisting of a single-crystal barrier and two half-metallic ferromagnetic electrodes. Radically different from the conventional theories, the barrier is now regarded as an optical diffraction grating, and treated by the traditional optical scattering method, i.e. Bethe theory and two-beam approximation. After tunneling, the electrons can thus possess high coherence. In the case that the electrodes are both half-metallic, the conventional theories give an infinite tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR). By contrast, in the Bethe theory and two-beam approximation, there can exist the scattering channels of nonconservation of energy. Therefore, the TMR can still be far away from infinity, which is in accordance with experiments. Also, we find that, due to the half-metallicity of the electrodes, the parallel conductance oscillates with temperature whereas the antiparallel conductance will increase other than oscillate with temperature. That is in agreement with experiments, too. Finally, two applications of the present theory are discussed with regard to the material design and engineering: one is how to choose appropriate materials for the barrier to realize infinite TMR; the other is a criterion for judging whether a material is half-metallic or not.
Time-dependent spectral properties of a photoexcited one-dimensional ionic Hubbard model: an exact diagonalization study
Authors: Okamoto Junichi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Motivated by the recent progress in time-resolved nonequilibrium spectroscopy in condensed matter, we study an optically excited one-dimensional ionic Hubbard model by exact diagonalization. The model is relevant to organic crystals, transition metal oxides, or ultracold atoms in optical lattices. We implement numerical pump-probe measurements to calculate time-dependent conductivity and single-particle spectral functions. In general, short optical excitation induces a metallic behavior imprinted as a Drude peak in conductivity or an in-gap density of states. In a Mott insulator, we find that the induced Drude peak oscillates at the pump frequency and its second harmonic. The former comes from the oscillation of currents, and the latter from the interference of single- and three-photon excited states. In a band insulator, the Drude peak oscillates only at the pump frequency, and quantities such as the double occupancy do not oscillate. The absence of the second harmonic oscillation is due to the degeneracy of multi-photon excited states. The in-gap density of states in both insulators correlates with the Drude weight and the energy absorption for weak pumping. Strong pumping leads to saturation of the in-gap density of states and to suppression of the Drude weight in the Mott regime. We have also checked that the above features are robust for insulators in the intermediate parameter range. Our study demonstrates the distinct natures of the multi-photon excited states in two different insulators.
Domestication of Rasbora argyrotaenia from the Musi river waters
Authors: Mutiara D , Harris H , Arsyad N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The domestication of Seluang fish (Rasbora argyrotaenia) has been carried out from the waters of the Musi river in the province of South Sumatra. The aim of determining the original domestication technique as a basic for further research on reproduction or spawning of Seluang fish in bulk and planned and restocking in public waters as an effort to preserve Seluang fish resources. The sampling location was used the Purposive Random Sampling method in 3 locations where there are usually many Seluang fish. Whereas the domestication method used the Experimental method with environmental manipulation treatment in cement tubs measuring 3 × 4 m deep 0.75 m. Fish are given natural and artificial feed for approximately 1 month (week 0 to week 4). The results showed that the domestication process of Seluang Fish (Rasbora argyrotaenia) can be done by maintenance in ponds that have been manipulated to resemble their natural habitat with artificial feed. The results showed an increase in weight of 0.0114 grams / day, an increase in length of 0.036 cm / day and survival of 79.01%.
The research of gold processing from tailings of iron sand processing from South Kalimantan by using amalgamation methods in West Java
Authors: Pulungan L , Pramusanto P , Hermana F A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this activity was to determine the characteristics of gold contained in iron sand mining tailings based on mineragraphic parameters, gold recovery by amalgamation method, and Hg used and wasted with tailings in the amalgamation process. The results showed the characteristics of gold based on mineragraphic parameters had a bright yellow gold colour, irregular shape, isotropic crystals, low relief, not yet liberated, measuring between 0.04 - 0.25 mm, mostly tied to minerals contains Fe and some binds to non-metallic minerals. The recovery of a pure sample is 90.83%, with the use of mercury 5.6 grams, and the mercury lost with its tailings as much as 6.4 grams. As for the samples that have been recovered, the recovery was 25.5% with the use of 1.4 grams of mercury, and 6.6 grams of mercury lost with tailings.