bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating a Key Parameter of Mammalian Mating Systems: The Chance of Siring Success for a Mated Male
Authors: Abebe Ash , Correia Hannah E. , Dobson F. Stephen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStudies of multiple paternity in mammals and other animal species generally report proportion of multiple paternity among litters, mean litter sizes, and mean number of sires per litter. It is shown how these variables can be used to produce an estimate of the probability of reproductive success for a male that has mated with a female. This estimate of male success is more informative about the mating system that alternative measures, like the proportion of litters with multiple paternity or the mean number of sires per litter. The probability of success for a mated male can be measured both theoretically and empirically, and gives an estimate of the intensity of sperm competition and of a male's “confidence of paternity” upon mating. The probability of success for mated males for ten “exemplar” species of mammals is estimated and they are compared for insights into the functioning of their mating systems.
Parametric modal regression with varying precision
Authors: Bourguignon Marcelo , Leão Jeremias , Gallardo Diego I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a simple parametric modal linear regression model where the response variable is gamma distributed using a new parameterization of this distribution that is indexed by mode and precision parameters, that is, in this new regression model, the modal and precision responses are related to a linear predictor through a link function and the linear predictor involves covariates and unknown regression parameters. The main advantage of our new parameterization is the straightforward interpretation of the regression coefficients in terms of the mode of the positive response variable, as is usual in the context of generalized linear models, and direct inference in parametric mode regression based on the likelihood paradigm. Furthermore, we discuss residuals and influence diagnostic tools. A Monte Carlo experiment is conducted to evaluate the performances of these estimators in finite samples with a discussion of the results. Finally, we illustrate the usefulness of the new model by two applications, to biology and demography.
N‐Hydroxysuccinimide‐Modified Ethynylphosphonamidates Enable the Synthesis of Configurationally Defined Protein Conjugates
Authors: Kasper Marc‐André , Gerlach Marcus , Schneider Anselm F. L. , Groneberg Christiane , Ochtrop Philipp , Boldt Stefanie , Schumacher Dominik , Helma Jonas , Leonhardt Heinrich , Christmann Mathias , Hackenberger Christian P. R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHerein, the application of N‐hydroxysuccinimide‐modified phosphonamidate building blocks for the incorporation of cysteine‐selective ethynylphosphonamidates into lysine residues of proteins, followed by thiol addition with small molecules and proteins, is reported. It is demonstrated that the building blocks significantly lower undesired homo‐crosslinking side products that can occur with commonly applied succinimidyl 4‐(N‐maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane‐1‐carboxylate (SMCC) under physiological pH. The previously demonstrated stability of the phosphonamidate moiety additionally solves the problem of premature maleimide hydrolysis, which can hamper the efficiency of subsequent thiol addition. Furthermore, a method to separate the phosphonamidate enantiomers to be able to synthesize protein conjugates in a defined configuration has been developed. Finally, the building blocks are applied to the construction of functional antibody–drug conjugates, analogously to FDA‐approved, SMCC‐linked Kadcyla, and to the synthesis of a functional antibody–protein conjugate.
Self‐reported emotion regulation difficulties in people with psychosis compared with non‐clinical controls: A systematic literature review
Authors: Lawlor Caroline , Hepworth Claire , Smallwood Jane , Carter Ben , Jolley Suzanne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEmotions play a key role in the development and experience of psychosis, yet there are important gaps in our understanding of how individuals with psychosis understand and respond to their emotions. This systematic review investigated self‐reported emotion regulation difficulties in individuals with psychosis compared with non‐clinical controls. An electronic database search was conducted in Medline, PsychINFO, and Embase and supplemented by searches of reference lists and citations. Seventeen studies were included. A narrative synthesis was conducted because contextual diversity was present across the studies and outcomes. Individuals with psychosis reported greater difficulties in (i) emotional clarity (specifically with identifying, describing, and understanding their emotions), (ii) emotional acceptance, (iii) engaging in goal‐directed behaviours when experiencing negative emotions, and (iv) willingness to experience emotional distress in the pursuit of meaningful activities in life. Evidence pertaining to other self‐reported emotion regulation difficulties was less clear. Effect sizes were generally large in magnitude but there were few studies on some self‐reported emotion regulation difficulties, and all studies were at moderate to high risk of bias. Further research is needed to clarify the nature of emotion regulation difficulties in individuals with psychosis to inform the provision of targeted clinical interventions.
Assessing the clinical significance of treatment outcomes for distressing voices in routine clinical practice
Authors: Badcock Johanna C. , Graham Madeleine E. , Paulik Georgie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDetermining reliable and clinically significant change is central to evidence‐based practice yet rarely used in routine clinical settings. This paper illustrates these methods in the context of an evaluation of cognitive behaviour therapy for distressing auditory hallucinations (“voices”). We used data from a clinical sample attending Perth Voices Clinic, a transdiagnostic outpatient service for distressing voices, and a previously published reference sample of healthy voice hearers. Our outcomes on the primary measure of voice distress, derived from a previous factor analysis of the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale‐Auditory Hallucinations subscale, showed that 62.9% of clients were classified as Recovered/Improved, 35.5% were classified as Unchanged, and 0.02% were classified as Deteriorated. Partial support for the validity of these classifications was obtained from the scores on the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) but not on the Social and Occupational Functional Assessment Scale (Goldman et al., 1992). Clients classified as Recovered showed better emotional functioning on the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales compared with those who did not make a clinically significant change in voice distress. A tool is provided to assist practitioners to evaluate whether individual clients have benefited from therapy for distressing voices or not, which can be used to guide future treatment decisions (https://osf.io/gd9e5/).
Fly‐derived DNA and camera traps are complementary tools for assessing mammalian biodiversity
Authors: Gogarten Jan F. , Hoffmann Constanze , Arandjelovic Mimi , Sachse Andreas , Merkel Kevin , Dieguez Paula , Agbor Anthony , Angedakin Samuel , Brazzola Gregory , Jones Sorrel , Langergraber Kevin E. , Lee Kevin , Marrocoli Sergio , Murai Mizuki , Sommer Volker , Kühl Hjalmar , Leendertz Fabian H. , Calvignac‐Spencer Sébastien 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMetabarcoding of vertebrate DNA found in invertebrates (iDNA) represents a potentially powerful tool for monitoring biodiversity. Preliminary evidence suggests fly iDNA biodiversity assessments compare favorably with established approaches such as camera trapping or line transects.Aims and MethodsTo assess whether fly‐derived iDNA is consistently useful for biodiversity monitoring across a diversity of ecosystems, we compared metabarcoding of the mitochondrial 16S gene of fly pool‐derived iDNA (range = 49–105 flies/site, N = 784 flies) with camera traps (range = 198–1,654 videos of mammals identified to the species level/site) at eight sites, representing different habitat types in five countries across tropical Africa.ResultsWe detected a similar number of mammal species using fly‐derived iDNA (range = 8–15 species/site) and camera traps (range = 8–27 species/site). However, the two approaches detected mostly different species (range = 6%–43% of species detected/site were detected with both methods), with fly‐derived iDNA detecting on average smaller‐bodied species than camera traps. Despite addressing different phylogenetic components of local mammalian communities, both methods resulted in similar beta‐diversity estimates across sites and habitats.ConclusionThese results support a growing body of evidence that fly‐derived iDNA is a cost‐ and time‐efficient tool that complements camera trapping in assessing mammalian biodiversity. Fly‐derived iDNA may facilitate biomonitoring in terrestrial ecosystems at broad spatial and temporal scales, in much the same way as water eDNA has improved biomonitoring across aquatic ecosystems.
High‐dose phenylephrine increases meningeal blood flow through TRPV1 receptor activation and release of calcitonin gene‐related peptide
Authors: Dux Mária , Babes Alexandru , Manchen Jessica , Sertel‐Nakajima Julika , Vogler Birgit , Schramm Jana , Messlinger Karl 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe α1‐adrenoceptor agonist, phenylephrine, is used at high concentrations as a mydriatic agent and for the treatment of nasal congestion. Among its adverse side‐effects transient burning sensations are reported indicating activation of the trigeminal nociceptive system.MethodsNeuropeptide release, calcium imaging and meningeal blood flow recordings were applied in rodent models of meningeal nociception to clarify possible receptor mechanisms underlying these pain phenomena.ResultsPhenylephrine above 10 mM dose‐dependently released calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) from the dura mater and isolated trigeminal ganglia, whereas hyperosmotic mannitol at 90 mM was ineffective. The phenylephrine‐evoked release was blocked by the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist BCTC and did not occur in trigeminal ganglia of TRPV1‐deficient mice. Phenylephrine at 30 mM caused calcium transients in cultured trigeminal ganglion neurons responding to the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin and in HEK293T cells expressing human TRPV1. Local application of phenylephrine at micromolar concentrations to the exposed rat dura mater reduced meningeal blood flow, whereas concentrations above 10 mM caused increased meningeal blood flow. The flow increase was abolished by pre‐application of the CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP8‐37 or the TRPV1 antagonist BCTC.ConclusionsPhenylephrine at high millimolar concentrations activates TRPV1 receptor channels of perivascular afferents and, upon calcium inflow, releases CGRP, which increases meningeal blood flow. Activation of TRPV1 receptors may underlie trigeminal nociception leading to cranial pain such as local burning sensations or headaches caused by administration of high doses of phenylephrine.SignificancePhenylephrine is used at high concentrations as a mydriaticum and for treating nasal congestion. As adverse side‐effects burning sensations and headaches have been described.Phenylephrine at high concentrations causes calcium transients in trigeminal afferents, CGRP release and increased meningeal blood flow upon activation of TRPV1 receptor channels, which is likely underlying the reported pain phenomena.
Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) stratifies possible and definite neuropathic pain after surgical peripheral nerve lesion
Authors: Aho Tommi , Mustonen Laura , Kalso Eija , Harno Hanna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundDouleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) is a screening questionnaire to help identify neuropathic pain (NP) in clinical practice and research. We tested the accuracy of the DN4 questionnaire in stratifying possible NP (pNP) and definite NP (dNP) in patients operated for breast cancer.MethodsWe studied 163 patients from a longitudinal cohort of breast cancer operated patients 4–9 years after surgery. pNP or dNP were classified according to the NP grading system. Surgeon‐verified intercostobrachial nerve resection was used as a confirmatory test for dNP. A receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to test the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) of the DN4. Additionally, we studied clinical factors that associated with a positive screening outcome in the interview part of the DN4 (DN4i).ResultsDN4i and DN4 showed significant accuracy in stratifying patients with pNP or dNP with cut‐off scores 3 and 4 resulting to sensitivity of 66.2% and 79.4% and specificity of 77.8% and 92.6%, respectively. pNP and dNP patients showed differences in sensory descriptors of pain according to DN4i items. Screening positive on DN4i associated with dNP and younger age.ConclusionsFull DN4 could stratify pNP and dNP patients in a chronic postsurgical NP patient group operated for breast cancer. Additionally, DN4i showed significant accuracy in stratifying pNP and dNP, but an examination is necessary to obtain proper accuracy. Demographic factors may have an impact on the screening outcome of DN4i.SignificanceDN4 stratifies possible and definite postsurgical peripheral neuropathic pain. DN4i may also show this, but full DN4 is more accurate. We confirm DN4i as a valid screening tool for NP.
Measurement of the real part of the Clausius–Mossotti factor of dielectrophoresis for Brownian particles
Authors: Lo Ying‐Jie , Lei U 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA method is proposed for measuring the real part of the Clausius–Mossotti factor () of dielectrophoresis for Brownian particles based on a solution of the Smoluchowski equation using a designed polydimethysilloxane microchannel with planar hyperbolic electrodes on its glass substrate. An approximate two‐dimensional spring‐like dielectrophoretic force is generated in the device, and the data necessarily measured is the time evolution of the in‐plane particle displacement undergoing confined Brownian motion. Validity of the measurement was checked against the zeta potentials in the literature based on the classical theory of surface conductance using polystyrene particles of size of one micron. As the dielectrophoretic force depends on, which is usually unknown for bio‐particles and some engineered particles, and is seldom measured; this study is important from the academic point of view and could be helpful for the manipulation and characterization of sub‐micron particles using dielectrophoresis. Extension of the method to the measurement of permanent dipole moment and total polarizability of particle was developed theoretically and discussed by incorporating an optical tweezer into the present device.
Correlates of hybridization in plants
Authors: Mitchell Nora , Campbell Lesley G. , Ahern Jeffrey R. , Paine Kellen C. , Giroldo Aelton B. , Whitney Kenneth D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHybridization is a biological phenomenon increasingly recognized as an important evolutionary process in both plants and animals, as it is linked to speciation, radiation, extinction, range expansion and invasion, and allows for increased trait diversity in agricultural and horticultural systems. Estimates of hybridization frequency vary across taxonomic groups, but causes of this variation are unknown. Here, we ask on a global scale whether hybridization is linked to any of 11 traits related to plant life history, reproduction, genetic predisposition, and environment or opportunity. Given that hybridization is not evenly distributed across the plant tree of life, we use phylogenetic generalized least squares regression models and phylogenetic path analysis to detect statistical associations between hybridization and plant traits at both the family and genus levels. We find that perenniality and woodiness are each weakly associated with an increased frequency of hybridization in univariate analyses, but path analysis suggests that the direct linkage is between perenniality and increased hybridization (with woodiness having only an indirect relationship with hybridization via perenniality). Weak associations between higher rates of hybridization and higher outcrossing rates, abiotic pollination syndromes, vegetative reproductive modes, larger genomes, and less variable genome sizes are detectable in some cases but not others. We argue that correlational evidence at the global scale, such as that presented here, provides a robust framework for forming hypotheses to examine and test drivers of hybridization at a more mechanistic level.
White matter tract myelin maturation and its association with general psychopathology in adolescence and early adulthood
Authors: Vanes Lucy D. , Moutoussis Michael , Ziegler Gabriel , Goodyer Ian M. , Fonagy Peter , Jones Peter B. , Bullmore Edward T. ,   NSPN Consortium, Dolan Raymond J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAdolescence is a time period associated with marked brain maturation that coincides with an enhanced risk for onset of psychiatric disorder. White matter tract myelination, a process that continues to unfold throughout adolescence, is reported to be abnormal in several psychiatric disorders. Here, we ask whether psychiatric vulnerability is linked to aberrant developmental myelination trajectories. We assessed a marker of myelin maturation, using magnetisation transfer (MT) imaging, in 10 major white matter tracts. We then investigated its relationship to the expression of a general psychopathology “p‐factor” in a longitudinal analysis of 293 healthy participants between the ages of 14 and 24. We observed significant longitudinal MT increase across the full age spectrum in anterior thalamic radiation, hippocampal cingulum, dorsal cingulum and superior longitudinal fasciculus. MT increase in the inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus was pronounced in younger participants but levelled off during the transition into young adulthood. Crucially, longitudinal MT increase in dorsal cingulum and uncinate fasciculus decelerated as a function of mean p‐factor scores over the study period. This suggests that an increased expression of psychopathology is closely linked to lower rates of myelin maturation in selective brain tracts over time. Impaired myelin growth in limbic association fibres may serve as a neural marker for emerging mental illness during the course of adolescence and early adulthood.
The impact of the Three Gorges Dam on summer streamflow in the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Su Zhenkuan , Ho Michelle , Hao Zhenchun , Lall Upmanu , Sun Xun , Chen Xi , Yan Longzeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Three Gorges Dam is the world's largest capacity hydropower station located in the Hubei province along the Yangtze River in China, which began operations in 2003. The dam also functions to store and regulate the downstream releases of water in order to provide flood control and navigational support in addition to hydropower generation. Flow regulation is particularly important for alleviating the impacts of low‐ and high‐flow events during the summer rainy season (June, July, and August). The impact of dam operations on summer flows is the focus of this work. Naturalized flows are modelled using a canonical correlation analysis and covariates of subbasin‐scale precipitation resulting in good model skill with an average correlation of 0.92. The model is then used to estimate natural flows in the period after dam operation. A comparison between modelled and gauged streamflow post 2003 is made and the impact of the dam on downstream flow is assessed. Streamflow variability is found to be strongly related to rainfall variability. An analysis of regional streamflow variability across the Yangtze River Basin showed a mode of spatially negatively correlated variability between the upper and lower basin areas. The Three Gorges Dam likely mitigated the occurrence of high‐flow events at Yichang station located near the dam. However, the high flow at the remaining stations in the lower reach is not noticeably alleviated due to the diminishing influence of the dam on distant downstream flows and the impact of the lakes downstream of the dam that act to attenuate flows. Three types of flow regime changes between naturalized and observed flows were defined and used to assess the changes in the occurrence of high‐ and low‐flow events resulting from dam operations.
Ameliorative effect of rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator gamma agonist on adriamycin‐induced cardio toxicity via suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Wu Ping , Zhang Luyan , SreeHarsha Nagaraja , Mishra Anurag , Su Xinyou 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigated the rosiglitazone (RSG) effect on adriamycin (ADM)‐induced cardio toxicity in experimental animals. Forty adult Wistar male rats were separated into four groups as follows: normal control; RSG (10 mg/kg)‐treated; ADM (10 mg/kg)‐administered; and ADM (10 mg/kg) + RSG (10 mg/kg)‐treated. Serum lipid level, different biochemical biomarkers, histological analysis, and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor/heme oxygenase‐1 (Nrf2/HO‐1), Caspase 3, B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2), and Bax gene expression were assessed in serum and cardiac tissue samples. Our results show that RSG treatment in ADM‐administered animals significantly diminished low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and total cholesterol, and increases high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c) in comparison with the ADM group. RSG treatment reduced the effect of ADM administration on cardiac dysfunction markers such as cardiac troponin T Creatine Kinase‐MB, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, showing the amelioration of cardio toxicity in ADM‐administered rats. Additionally, RSG treatment significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide in cardiovascular tissue. RSG‐treated rats in combination with ADM likewise showed a significant increase in reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase content, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as compared with ADM group. Moreover, RSG treatment in ADM rats significantly increased an Nrf2 and HO‐1 expression in comparison with ADM group. While in apoptosis parameters, RSG treatment in ADM rats significantly diminished a cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax expression as well as expanded Bcl‐2 expression when contrasted with ADM group of rats. In conclusion, RSG is capable of protecting heart toxicity in ADM‐treated animals through defensive effects on oxidative stress and biochemical markers.