bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analyses of the Pan lineage reveal selection on gene pathways associated with diet and sociality in bonobos
Authors: Kovalaskas Sarah , Rilling James K. , Lindo John 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) diverged into distinct species approximately 1.7 million years ago when the ancestors of modern‐day bonobo populations were separated by the Congo River. This geographic boundary separates the two species today and the associated ecological factors, including resource distribution and feeding competition, have likely shaped the divergent social behavior of both species. The most striking behavioral differences pertain to between group interactions in which chimpanzees behave aggressively towards unfamiliar conspecifics, while bonobos display remarkable tolerance. Several hypotheses attempt to explain how different patterns of social behavior have come to exist in the two species, some with specific genetic predictions, likening the evolution of bonobos to a process of domestication. Here, we utilize 73 ape genomes and apply linkage haplotype homozygosity and structure informed allele frequency differentiation methods to identify positively selected regions in bonobos since their split from a common pan ancestor to better understand the environment and processes that resulted in the behavioral differences observed today. We find novel evidence of selection in genetic regions that aid in starch digestion (AMY2) along with support for two genetic predictions related to self‐domestication processes hypothesized to have occurred in the bonobo. We also find evidence for selection on neuroendocrine pathways associated with social behavior including the oxytocin, serotonin, and gonadotropin releasing hormone pathways.
Integrating carbon emission, accumulation and transport in inland waters to understand their role in the global carbon cycle
Authors: Vachon Dominic , Sponseller Ryan A. , Karlsson Jan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInland waters receive a significant quantity of carbon (C) from land. The fate of this C during transit, whether it is emitted to the atmosphere, accumulated in sediments or transported to the ocean, can considerably reshape the landscape C balance. However, these different fates of terrestrial C are not independent but are instead linked via several catchment and aquatic processes. Thus, according to mass conservation, any environmental change inducing a shift in a particular C fate should come at the expense of at least one other fate. Nonetheless, studies that have investigated C emission, accumulation and transport concertedly are scarce, resulting in fragmented knowledge of the role of inland waters in the global C cycle. Here, we propose a framework to understand how different C fates in aquatic systems are interlinked and covary under environmental changes. First, to explore how C fates are currently distributed in streams, rivers, reservoirs and lakes, we compiled data from the literature and show that ‘C fate allocation’ varies widely both within and among inland water systems types. Secondly, we developed a framework that integrates C fates in any inland water system by identifying the key processes underlying their linkages. Our framework places the partitioning between the different C forms, and how this is controlled by export from land, internal transformations and hydrology, as central to understanding C fate allocation. We argue that, by focusing on a single fate, studies could risk drawing misleading conclusions regarding how environmental changes will alter the role of inland waters in the global C cycle. Our framework thus allows us to holistically assess the consequences of such changes on coupled C fluxes, setting a foundation for understanding the contemporary and future fate of land‐derived C in inland water systems.
Does biochar improve all soil ecosystem services?
Authors: Blanco‐Canqui Humberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiochar is considered to sequester C and deliver other soil ecosystem services, but an overview that synthesizes the current knowledge of biochar implications on all essential soil ecosystem services is difficult to find in the ample biochar literature. Most previous research and review articles on this topic focused on a single ecosystem service and did not integrate all essential soil ecosystem services. This overview paper (1) synthesizes the impacts of biochar on water and wind erosion, C sequestration, soil water, nutrient leaching, soil fertility, crop yields, and other soil ecosystem services based on published literature and (2) highlights remaining research areas. Literature indicates that, in addition to sequestering C, biochar can reduce N2O emissions, nitrate leaching, and runoff; increase soil microbial biomass, plant available water, and crop yields (particularly in tropical regions), and CO2 emissions; and have small or no effects on water and wind erosion. Biochar benefits can be in this order: C sequestration > N2O emissions > Nitrate leaching > Available water > Soil biology > Soil fertility > Crop yields > Runoff. However, literature also indicates that biochar does not always improve all ecosystem services. Its benefits depend on biochar feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, application rate, biochar properties, soil properties, climate, and other factors. For example, biochar can enhance crop yields more in degraded and low fertility soils than in highly fertile and fine‐textured soils. Long‐term (>3 years) field‐scale studies under different soil types, management conditions, and climates are needed for a determination of optimum levels of application, comprehensive life‐cycle analysis, and assessment of agronomic and environmental tradeoffs. Overall, biochar can improve most soil ecosystem services, but the extent of such improvement is highly dependent on biochar properties and soil and climatic conditions.
Smartphone‐Delivered Progressive Muscle Relaxation for the Treatment of Migraine in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Minen Mia T. , Adhikari Samrachana , Padikkala Jane , Tasneem Sumaiya , Bagheri Ashley , Goldberg Eric , Powers Scott , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveScalable, accessible forms of behavioral therapy for migraine prevention are needed. We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) delivered by a smartphone application (app) in the Primary Care setting.MethodsThis pilot study was a non‐blinded, randomized, parallel‐arm controlled trial of adults with migraine and 4+ headache days/month. Eligible participants spoke English and owned a smartphone. All participants were given the RELAXaHEAD app which includes an electronic headache diary. Participants were randomized to receive 1 of the 2 versions of the app‐one with PMR and the other without PMR. The primary outcomes were measures of feasibility (adherence to the intervention and diary entries during the 90‐day interval) and acceptability (satisfaction levels). We conducted exploratory analyses to determine whether there was a change in Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) scores or a change in headache days.ResultsOf 139 participants (77 PMR, 62 control), 116 (83%) were female, mean age was 41.7 ± 12.8 years. Most patients 108/139 (78%) had moderate‐severe disability. Using a 1‐5 Likert scale, participants found the app easy to use (mean 4.2 ± 0.7) and stated that they would be happy to engage in the PMR intervention again (mean 4.3 ± 0.6). For the first 6 weeks, participants practiced PMR 2‐4 days/week. Mean per session duration was 11.1 ± 8.3 minutes. Relative to the diary‐only group, the PMR group showed a greater non‐significant decline in mean MIDAS scores (−8.7 vs −22.7, P = .100) corresponding to a small‐moderate mean effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.38).ConclusionSmartphone‐delivered PMR may be an acceptable, accessible form of therapy for migraine. Mean effects show a small‐moderate mean effect size in disability scores.
Rehabilitating Probation: Strategies for Re‐legitimation after Policy Failure
Authors: ROBINSON GWEN 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article draws on insights from the organisational studies literature to make sense of the recent history of probation in England & Wales in the aftermath of the failed Transforming Rehabilitation (TR) reform programme. It considers that recent history as a crisis of legitimacy, necessitating active strategies of re‐legitimation aimed at recovering from reputational damage. It argues that top‐down plans to restructure the service will only go so far in this endeavour: the expanded National Probation Service must also be prepared to engage in legitimation work on its own behalf. However, this is likely to be challenging for a number of reasons that include the mixed constituency of external stakeholders whom probation seeks to satisfy, and important questions of identity, agency, and voice.
Testing and validation of the CIC‐cgQ and CIC‐childQ in paediatric patients and their caregivers
Authors: Wickham Azadeh , McElroy Susan F. , Bowlin Paul , Koenig Joel , Carrasco Alonso , Gatti John 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAre the clean intermittent catheterization (CIC)‐cgQ and the CIC‐childQ feasible and generate valid measures of success performing CIC? CIC is the primary treatment for neurogenic bladder. However, instituting CIC with children can be challenging. Currently there are no validated instruments to measure the abilities of paediatric patients and their caregivers to perform CIC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a modified version of the Intermittent Self Catheterization Questionnaire (ISC‐Q) in children with neurogenic bladder and their caregivers performing CIC. Children with spinal dysraphism, such as myelomeningocele (MMC) may face urologic challenges related to neurogenic bladder including renal compromise, recurrent urinary tract infections, and urinary incontinence due to bladder deterioration. CIC is an important intervention in the management of patients with neurogenic bladder. There are no valid tools currently available to measure the success of CIC in paediatric patients or their caregivers. A non‐experimental, psychometric research design was employed for this pilot study. Data collection was performed using online and paper surveys. The ISC‐Q was modified into two versions for use in the United States, one for caregivers of children on CIC (CIC‐cgQ) and one for paediatric patients on CIC (CIC‐childQ). A convenience sample of subjects was recruited from Spinal Differences Clinic and the local spina bifida support group. Informed consent was embedded in the invitation letter/email with survey completion indicating consent to participate. Criterion related validity was described using known group sum scores along with Cronbach's α for internal reliability. The tools were pilot tested on 15 caregivers and four children. Cronbach's alphas were .84 and .83 for the caregivers and children, respectively. Subjects identified a priori as successful with CIC scored higher than those identified as unsuccessful. The CIC‐cgQ and the CIC‐childQ are valid and reliable measures of the impact of CIC on the lives of caregivers and children. Future studies with larger sample sizes will allow further psychometric testing. This instrument gives researchers the ability to measure the impact of CIC on the lives of children and caregivers.
Effect of music therapy on preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yue Wei , Han Xinrui , Luo Jianghe , Zeng Zhumei , Yang Ming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo systematically examine the effectiveness of music therapy on preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit.BackgroundIn recent years, the application of music therapy for preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit has attracted more and more attention because of its clinical effects. However, there still exist disputes among different studies.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data sourcesEleven databases were searched over the period from 1910 ‐4 November 2019.Review methodsPapers were selected for analysis in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The meta‐analysis was carried out by using Review Manager 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 13 trials involving 1,093 participants were included. Meta‐analysis showed music therapy had a significant influence on preterm infant's heart rate, respiratory rate, oral feeding volume, stress level, and maternal anxiety with moderate‐to‐high heterogeneity among studies. Also, music therapy had no influences on oxygen saturation and behavioural state.ConclusionsMusic therapy can not only effectively improve preterm infant's heart rate, stable respiratory rate, and attenuate stress level but also exert positive impact on oral feeding volume. In addition, music therapy also plays a role in reducing maternal anxiety. However, due to the heterogeneity across studies in some outcomes, further studies with larger sample size and more stringent design should be conducted before recommendation.ImpactMusic therapy can significantly improve preterm infant's heart rate, respiratory rate, and stress level, as well as increase oral feeding volume. These results may exert a positive impact on well‐being and quality of life in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Hospitals can apply music therapy which has been considered a non‐pharmacological and no‐invasive treatment to preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Mixed‐lineage leukaemia 1 contributes to endometrial stromal cells progesterone responsiveness during decidualization
Authors: Xiong Yao , Wang Yan , Ma Ling , Zhang Ying , Qu Xinlan , Huang Lei , Wen Xue , Liu Huimin , Zhang Ming , Zhang Yuanzhen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudies have reported that non‐receptive endometrium or abnormal decidualization was closely related to recurrent implantation failure (RIF). MLL1 is a histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) transferase that regulates the transcriptional activation of target genes. The role of MLL1 has been underexplored during decidualization. In our research, we found the expression of MLL1 was closely related to endometrial receptivity, and it was responsible to hormone stimulation. Inhibiting the function of MLL1 by MM102 reduced the transformation of HESCs. Furthermore, down‐regulation of MLL1 by siRNA transfection significantly decreased PGR and its target genes expression. MLL1 act as a co‐activator of ERα, and both of them were recruited to PGR regulatory regions, thus promote PGR transcription. Our study showed that MLL1 plays a key role in promoting progesterone signalling transmission.
circ‐AKT3 aggravates renal ischaemia‐reperfusion injury via regulating miR‐144‐5p /Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and oxidative stress
Authors: Xu Yong , Jiang Wei , Zhong Lili , Li Hailun , Bai Lin , Chen Xiaoling , Lin Yongtao , Zheng Donghui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRenal ischaemia‐reperfusion (RI/R) injury is one major pathological state of acute kidney injury (AKI) with a mortality rate ranking 50% to 80%. MiR‐144‐5p acts as a molecular trigger in various diseases. We presumed that miR‐144‐5p might be involved RI/R injury progression. We found that RI/R injury decreased miR‐144‐5p expression in rat models. MiR‐144‐5p downregulation promoted cell apoptosis rate and activated Wnt/β‐catenin signal in RI/R injury rats. By performing bioinformatic analysis, RIP, RNA pull‐down, luciferase reporter experiments, we found that circ‐AKT3 sponged to miR‐144‐5p and decreased its expression in RI/R injury rats. Moreover, we found that circ‐AKT3 promoted cell apoptosis rate and activated Wnt/β‐catenin signal, and miR‐144‐5p mimic reversed the promotive effect of circ‐AKT3 in rat models. We also found that circ‐AKT3 increased the oxidative stress level in rat models. In conclusion, our study suggests that the circAKT3 is involved RI/R injury progression through regulating miR‐144‐5p/Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and oxidative stress.
Small molecules restore the function of mutant CLC5 associated with Dent disease
Authors: Liu Jingshu , Sadeh Tal T. , Lippiat Jonathan D. , Thakker Rajesh V. , Black Graeme C. , Manson Forbes 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDent disease type 1 is caused by mutations in the CLCN5 gene that encodes CLC5, a 2Cl−/H+ exchanger. The CLC5 mutants that have been functionally analysed constitute three major classes based on protein expression, cellular localization and channel function. We tested two small molecules, 4‐phenylbutyrate (4PBA) and its analogue 2‐naphthoxyacetic acid (2‐NOAA), for their effect on mutant CLC5 function and expression by whole‐cell patch‐clamp and Western blot, respectively. The expression and function of non‐Class I CLC5 mutants that have reduced function could be restored by either treatment. Cell viability was reduced in cells treated with 2‐NOAA. 4PBA is a FDA‐approved drug for the treatment of urea cycle disorders and offers a potential therapy for Dent disease.
Serum progesterone and retinopathy in male patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sun Shengnan , Wang Yahao , Zhou Yue , Ma Wenru , Huang Yajing , Hu Jianxia , Wang Yangang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum progesterone (P) and retinopathy in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to investigate whether P is associated with its progression.Materials and methodsA total of 1,376 male participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University (Qingdao, China). Through logistic regression analysis after adjusting the potential confounding variation, the odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval related to the quartiles of progesterone were obtained.ResultsAccording to the quartiles of P levels, the prevalence rate of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the last quartile is obviously greater to other quartiles (52.5–34.9%, 31.9%, 37.5%, P < 0.001). Compared with those in the first quartile, the prevalence of DR for the last quartile had an OR of 1.85 in the non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy group, while the OR was 8.35 in the proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (P < 0.001, unadjusted model). When adjusted for age, body mass index, duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure and other variables, the ORs for DR in the fourth quartile were 2.13 (95% confidence interval 1.49–3.06) in the non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy group and 8.44 (95% confidence interval 2.69–26.43) in the proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (P < 0.001). The positive association between P and DR risk was independent in adjusted logistic regression.ConclusionsHigh levels of serum progesterone are significantly associated with DR in male hospitalized patients. This could mean that a higher P level in men is a potential clinical factor to identify DR, and the causality remains to be further explored.
Analysis of correlation between carcass and viscera for chicken eviscerating based on machine vision technology
Authors: Chen Yan , Ai Hui , Li Shuo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the poultry evisceration, the inconsistent position of visible carcass and invisible viscera may be one of the most neglected problems, which increase the level of visceral damage by gripping manipulator. In order to detect the position of the chicken carcass and viscera, a computer vision‐based automation system is developed to extract the region of interest from each chicken in the image acquisition system. The segmentation method of carcass is proposed by applying the color space transformation and the threshold segmentation. This method combines with several operations of morphology and reconstruction to remove the other regions such as wings and legs. After a midline abdominal incision of the chicken, the viscera is segmented using the active contour algorithm. Following data analysis, the change trend of relative position is presented between carcass and viscera. The average longitudinal deviation value of weighting 1,000–1,500 g and 1,500–2000 g chickens were 22.9 and 32.4 mm, separately. These results indicate that the relative position is significantly changed between carcass and viscera with chicken size in the longitudinal direction. In this study, machine vision technology can be satisfactorily applied to predict the position of chicken viscera, which can provide technical support for poultry processing.Practical applicationsFor a long time, avian influenza virus and various pathogenic microorganism have been threatening the breeding and slaughtering of poultry, which can easily damage the health of people and cause widespread transmission of the virus. Therefore, automated evisceration technology by intelligent robot will become the development trend of the poultry slaughtering. However, due to the invisibility of the poultry viscera, it will easily cause damage of the internal organs during the manipulator evisceration. In this study, in order to avoid repetitive and boring work and manual operation errors, machine vision technology was introduced to automatically obtain the relative position between the visible carcass and the invisible viscera of individual chicken based on image segmentation algorithms. Thus, the position of the viscera can be predicted based on the data analysis and the carcass location, which provide useful information to guide the robot for evisceration, and it is also helpful to conduct further research in the slaughtering and processing of other poultry.
The association between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (with or without metabolic syndrome) and extrahepatic cancer development
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuki , Ikeya Takashi , Okuyama Shuhei , Fukuda Katsuyuki , Kobayashi Daiki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThis study was designed to determine whether non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS), is a risk factor for cancer development.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective longitudinal study at the Center for Preventive Medicine, St. Luke's International Hospital. Among all participants who underwent a health checkup between 2005 and 2019, cancer development tendencies were compared between those who were diagnosed with NAFLD and those who were not. Further evaluation was conducted among NAFLD‐diagnosed participants with versus without MetS in the same manner. Those with a history of a specific liver disease, any type of cancer, or alcohol consumption in any amount at the time of the initial visit were excluded from the study.ResultsData were collected from 30 172 participants who underwent health checkups, among whom 4394 (14.6%) had NAFLD. Over the 14‐year follow‐up period, 2086 participants (6.9%) developed cancer. Participants with NAFLD had a higher incidence of digestive organ neoplasms (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.67), especially in the stomach (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02–1.94) and small intestine (OR: 2.80, 95% CI: 0.87–8.96), than did those without NAFLD. Participants with NAFLD and MetS had significantly lower rates of neoplasms in respiratory and intrathoracic organs (OR: 0.35 95% CI: 0.14–0.88) and male genital organs (OR: 0.46 95% CI: 0.24–0.87) than did individuals without NAFLD.ConclusionsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with the development of gastrointestinal malignancies, while MetS is a negative risk factor for lung and prostate cancer.