bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Judgment of Ultrasonic Detection for Solid Axle Inlaid Part
Authors: Yang Kai , Wu Dongdong , Xie Liming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ultrasonic detection is the most effective nondestructive method for axle inlaid part, which has high efficiency and wide coverage. In the process of rail vehicle running, the influence of the external environment and the interaction between wheel and axle cause uneven distribution of stress concentration and with fretting corrosion, which lead to the generation of fatigue crack, otherwise, the waveform of ultrasonic detection is complex, because the energy of non-defect is too high to identify the defect. In view of this phenomenon, the ultrasonic echo data is analyzed by wavelet transform method to extract the defect characteristic, which is used for automatically judgment. The results show that the fatigue defect can be identified effectively by using the defect characteristic that extracted by wavelet transform method.
Support Vector Machine Based Feature Extraction For Gender Recognition From Objects Using Lasso Classifier
Authors: Galla Damodara Krishna Kishore , Mukamalla BabuReddy , Chegireddy Rama Prakasha Reddy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Object detection and gender recognition were two different categories to be classified in a single section is a complicated task and this approach helps in supporting the blind people for an artificial vision. In this paper, our method to the betters vision sensation of blind persons by conversion of visualized data to audio data. Therefore this artificial intelligence model helps in detecting the objects as well as human face recognition with gender classification based on face recognition approach. This model processed with feature extraction and classification models. The feature extraction was comprised with multi scale-invariant feature transform(MSIFT), with feature optimization with support vector machine algorithm then classified using LASSO classifier. For better performance identification, three different classification models were implemented and tested too. Feature selection helps in making tests early to detect the objects and recognizing human actions using image processing approach. This approach can be applied for both offline and online modes. But in this scenario, an offline mode was implemented and was tested with a combination of different databases. For this process of classification ridge regression (RR), elastic net (EN), lasso regression(LR) and LASSO regression were implemented. The final classification results with accuracy are as follows for RR- 89.6%, EN- 93.5%, LR-93.2% and proposed approach(LRGS) with 98.4% accurate detection rate with prediction name of classes.
Association between self-reported walking speed and calcaneal stiffness index in postmenopausal Japanese women
Authors: Tomita Yoshihito , Arima Kazuhiko , Mizukami Satoshi , Tsujimoto Ritsu , Kawashiri Shin-ya , Nishimura Takayuki , Okabe Takuhiro , Tanaka Natsumi , Honda Yuzo , Nakahara Kazumi , Yamamoto Naoko , Ohmachi Izumi , Goto Hisashi , Hasegawa Maiko , Sou Youko , Horiguchi Itsuko , Kanagae Mitsuo , Abe Yasuyo , Nonaka Fumiaki , Tamai Mami , Yamanashi Hirotomo , Nagata Yasuhiro , Kawakami Atsushi , Maeda Takahiro , Aoyagi Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background; Osteoporosis and related fractures, a worldwide public health issue of growing concern, is characterized by compromised bone strength and an increased risk of fracture. Here we show an association between self-reported walking speed and bone mass among community-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women aged 50 years and older.Design; Cross-sectional study.Setting and Participants; The survey population included 1008 postmenopausal women 50–92 years of age residing in rural communities.Methods; Self-reported walking speed was ascertained by asking the participants: “Is your walking speed faster than others of the same age and sex?” to which participants responded “yes (faster)” or “no (moderate/slower).” Calcaneal stiffness index was measured.Results; Women with a faster self-reported walking speed were younger and had a lower BMI, higher stiffness index, and higher grip strength than women with a slower walking speed. Multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, BMI, grip strength, comorbidity, current smoking, and alcohol drinking status showed a significant association between faster self-reported walking speed and higher calcaneal stiffness index (p < 0.001).Conclusions; Our findings suggest that questionnaires of walking speed may be useful for predicting bone mass and that a fast self-reported walking may benefit bone health in postmenopausal women.
Minimally Invasive Versus open AbdominoThoracic Esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma (MIVATE) - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial DRKS00016773
Authors: Nickel Felix , Probst Pascal , Studier-Fischer Alexander , Nienhüser Henrik , Pauly Jana , Kowalewski Karl-Friedrich , Weiterer Sebastian , Knebel Philipp , Diener Markus K. , Weigand Markus A. , Büchler Markus W. , Schmidt Thomas , Müller-Stich Beat Peter 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background:The only curative treatment for most esophageal cancers is radical esophagectomy. Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) aims to reduce postoperative morbidity, but is not yet widely established. Linear stapled anastomosis is a promising technique for MIE because it is quite feasible even without robotic assistance. Aim of the present study is to compare total MIE with linear stapled anastomosis to open esophagectomy (OE) with circular stapled anastomosis with special regard to postoperative morbidity in an expertise-based randomized controlled trial (RCT).Methods/design:This superiority RCT compares MIE with linear stapled anastomosis (intervention) to OE with circular stapled anastomosis (control) for Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. It was initiated in February 2019 and recruitment is expected to last for 3 years. For inclusion, patients must be 18 years of age or more with a resectable primary malignancy in the distal esophagus. Participants with tumor localizations above the azygos vein, metastasis or infiltration into adjacent tissue will be excluded. In an expertise-based approach the allocated treatment will only be carried out by the single most experienced surgeon of the surgical center for each respective technique. The sample size was calculated with 20 participants per group for the primary endpoint postoperative morbidity according to comprehensive complication index (CCI) within 30 postoperative days. Secondary endpoints include anastomotic insufficiency, pulmonary complications, other intra- and postoperative outcome parameters such as estimated blood loss, operative time, length of stay, short-term oncologic endpoints, adherence to a standardized fast-track protocol, postoperative pain, and postoperative recovery (QoR-15). Quality of life (SF-36, CAT EORTC QLQ-C30, CAT EORTC QLQ-OES18) and oncological outcomes are evaluated with 60 months follow-up.Discussion:MIVATE is the first RCT to compare OE with circular stapled anastomosis to total MIE with linear stapled anastomosis exclusively for intrathoracic anastomosis. The expertise-based approach limits bias due to heterogeneity of surgical expertise. The use of a dedicated fast-track protocol in both OE and MIE will shed light on the role of the access strategy alone in this setting. The findings of this study will serve to define which approach has the best perioperative outcome for patients requiring esophagectomy.Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00016773. Registered on February 18th, 2019.
Determinants of Micro and Small Scale Enterprises’ financing preference in line with POH and Access to Credit: Empirical Evidence from Entrepreneurs in Ethiopia, Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State
Authors: Meressa Hayelom Abrha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine factors that determine micro and small scale enterprises’ financing preference in line with pecking order theory and access to credit in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State of Ethiopia. The study used primary data collected using cross sectional survey questionnaire. The sample of this study was 296 enterprises selected using proportional stratified random sampling technique. The data was analyzed using descriptive and logistic regression analysis. Accordingly, the results of logistic regression revealed that business experience, collateral, gender, motivation and enterprises’ sectoral engagement affect financing preference of enterprises in line with pecking order hypothesis. To investigate access to credit determinants, only enterprises that need to raise capital through credit were considered. As a result, the logistic regression output revealed that business experience, size, sectoral engagement, collateral, interest rate, loan repayment period, financial reporting, preparation of business plan, location and educational background of entrepreneurs affect access to credit of enterprises. However, more evidence is needed on enterprises’ financing preference and access to credit determinants before any generalization of the results can be made for the fact that the empirical tests were conducted only on 296 entrepreneurs since 2019. Therefore, the findings are valid and practicable only for the entrepreneurs under the study and the results cannot be assumed to extend beyond this group of entrepreneurs to different study periods. Despite its limitations, the study makes an original contribution to the literature of small business finance by investigating determinants of micro and small scale enterprises’ financing preference in line with pecking order hypothesis and access to credit in Benishangul Gumuz regional state of Ethiopia as a developing country.
Overexpression of HNF4α enhances umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell function to treat acute liver failure in mice through macrophage polarization
Authors: Yu Yeping , Zhang Qiqi , Wu Ning , Xia Lei , Cao Jie , Xia Qiang , Zhao Jie , Zhang Jianjun , Hang Hualian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and aim: Advances in research on stem cell therapy provide new feasible solutions for acute liver failure (ALF) treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated that the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) reset within the damaged hepatocytes can restore normal physiological function. This study aimed to determine the role of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSCs) overexpressing HNF4α in ALF treatment. Method: HuMSCs in vitro were isolated, cultured, and reprogrammed by the lentiviral expression of HNF4α (hereinafter referred to as HuMSC-HNF4α). HuMSC-HNF4α was intraperitoneally administered into the mice immediately after exposed to D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-galN/LPS). The liver histological and serum biochemical analyses were performed to investigate the effects of HuMSC-HNF4α in ALF. Macrophages differentiation and cytokines secretion by HuMSCs were evaluated to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Results: HuMSC-HNF4α had more obvious therapeutic effects on ALF compared with negative control virus-transfected the HuMSCs (HuMSC-CON). In vitro, HuMSC-HNF4α promoted the polarization of liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) to the M2 phenotype, inhibited the inflammatory response of macrophages, and reduced the levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β to reduce liver damage. Conclusions: This study confirmed that the therapeutic effect of HuMSC-HNF4α on ALF was not the same as the previous passive support but as active intervention on excessive inflammation in the body. The findings provided new ideas for research and clinical practice in the future.
Emission factor, relative ozone formation potential and relative carcinogenic risk assessment of VOCs emitted from manufacturing industries
Authors: Yang Hsi-Hsien , Gupta Sunil Kumar , Dhital Narayan Babu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Manufacturing industries are one of the important emission sectors of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, VOC emission factors, relative ozone formation potential (ROFP) and relative carcinogenic risk (RCR) were estimated for manufacturing industries (n=13) located in central Taiwan. Emission samples were collected in stainless steel canisters and were analyzed with a system of gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Higher emission factors of total VOCs (∑VOCs) were observed for stencil printing (423 mg-VOC kg-1) compared to other emission industries. Alkanes constituted the most prominent group of VOCs for steel foundry (42%), aluminum foundry (25%) and synthetic resin industries (25%). Oxygenated VOCs were the most abundant group in the organic solvent (80%), polyester resin (80%) and polyurethane (75%) industries. Moreover, emissions from acrylic resin manufacturing had a major contribution from aromatic compounds (> 95%). Toluene was the topmost compound in terms of its contribution to ∑VOCs in plastic tape manufacturing (44%), aluminum foundry (40%), steel foundry (12%), plastic coating (64%) and stencil printing (35%). Analysis of ozone formation potentials showed that the metal product and machinery acrylic resin manufacturing and stencil printing had a higher normalized relative ozone formation potential (ROFP) index and belonged to Level-I emission sources. However, in terms of the relative carcinogenic risk (RCR), integrated iron and steel manufacturing had the highest normalized RCR index that belonged to level-I emission sources. Level-I represents the most important VOC emission sources. This study provides a reactivity- and carcinogenicity-based approach to identify high-priority VOC emission sources. The results of this study would help formulate emission reduction policies and strategies for manufacturing industries.
An individually randomised controlled multi-centre pragmatic trial with embedded economic and process evaluations of early vocational rehabilitation compared with usual care for stroke survivors: study protocol for the RETurn to work After stroKE (RETAKE) trial
Authors: Radford Kathryn , King Kristelle , McLellan Vicki , Sach Tracey , Brindle Richard , Holloway Ivana , Hartley Suzanne , Bowen Audrey , O'Connor Rory , Stevens Judith , Phillips Julie , Walker Marion , Holmes Jain , McEvitt Christopher , Murray John , Watkins Caroline , Powers Katie , Shone Angela , Farrin Amanda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Return to work (RTW) is achieved by less than 50% of stroke survivors. The rising incidence of stroke among younger people, the UK economic forecast, and clinical drivers highlight the need for stroke survivors to receive support with RTW. However, evidence for this type of support is lacking. This randomised controlled trial (RCT) will investigate whether Early Stroke Specialist Vocational Rehabilitation (ESSVR) plus usual care (UC) (i.e., usual NHS rehabilitation) is more clinically and cost effective for supporting post-stroke RTW, than UC alone.Methods: 760 stroke survivors and their carers will be recruited from approximately 20 NHS stroke services. A 5:4 allocation ratio will be employed to randomise participants to receive ESSVR plus UC, or UC alone. The individually tailored ESSVR intervention will commence within 12 weeks of stroke onset and be delivered for up to 12 months as necessary by trained RETAKE occupational therapists in the community, participants’ homes or workplaces, outpatient/inpatient therapy settings, via telephone, email or SMS text message. Outcome data will be collected via self-report questionnaires administered by post or online at 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up. The primary outcome will be self-reported RTW and job retention at 12 months (minimum 2 hours/week). Secondary outcomes will include: mood; function; participation; health-related quality of life; confidence; intervention compliance; health and social care resource use; and mortality. An embedded economic evaluation will estimate cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses from National Health Service (NHS) and Personal Social Services (PSS) perspectives. An embedded process evaluation will employ a mixed methods approach to explore ESSVR implementation, contextual factors linked to outcome variation, and factors affecting NHS roll-out.Discussion: This article describes the protocol for a multi-centre RCT evaluating the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of an early vocational rehabilitation intervention aimed at supporting adults to return to work following a stroke. Evidence favouring the ESSVR intervention would support its roll-out in NHS settings.Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN12464275.Registered on 26th February 2018, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12464275.
Serum SP-A and KL-6 levels can predict the improvement and deterioration of patients with interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features
Authors: Wang jingxian , Zheng Peiyan , Huang Zhifeng , Huang Huimin , Xue Mingshan , Liao Chenxi , Zhong Nanshan , Sun Baoqing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Some patients with interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) showed a progressive course despite therapy. This study aimed to evaluate whether serial changes in the serum levels of surfactant protein-A (SP-A) and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) can predict disease progression. Methods: Sixty-four patients with IPAF and 41 patients with non-fibrotic lung disease (non-FLD) were examined. Based on long-term changes in lung function, 36 IPAF patients who were followed up for more than 3 months were divided into a progressive group (n=9), an improvement group (n=13), and a stable group (n=14). Serum KL-6 and SP-A levels were measured. The sensitivity, specificity, cut-off value, and area under the curve (AUC) value for each of the indices were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The expression differences in these biomarkers and their correlation with disease severity were analyzed. Results: Compared with non-FLD patients, serum SP-A and KL-6 levels in IPAF patients were increased significantly [SP-A: (p < 0.001); KL-6: (p < 0.001)] and negatively correlated with DLCO (SP-A: rS = -0.323, p = 0.018; KL-6: rS = -0.348, p = 0.0011). In patients with progressive disease, the posttreatment serum SP-A and KL-6 levels were increased significantly compared with pretreatment levels [SP-A: (p = 0.021); KL-6: (p = 0.008)]. In patients showing improvement, the levels were decreased significantly [SP-A (p = 0.007) and KL-6 (p = 0.002)]. Changes in serum biomarkers (Delta SP-A and Delta KL-6) were significantly negatively correlated with changes in lung function (Delta FVC, Delta DLCO and Delta FEV1) (rS = 0.482, p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between Delta SP-A and Delta KL-6 (rS = 0.482, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Serum SP-A and KL-6 offer high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of IPAF. The decrease in serum SP-A and/or KL-6 levels in patients with IPAF is related to the improvement in pulmonary function. SP-A and KL-6 may be important biomarkers for predicting disease progression in patients with IPAF.
The emotional and social burden of heart failure: integrating physicians’, patients’, and caregivers’ perspectives through Narrative Medicine.
Authors: Testa Marco , Cappuccio Antonietta , Latella Maura , Napolitano Silvia , Milli Massimo , Volpe Massimo , Marini Maria Giulia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The TRUST (The Roadmap Using Story Telling) project used a Narrative Medicine (NM) framework to assess the perspectives of people with heart failure (HF), their informal caregivers and HF specialists of the impact of heart failure (HF) on the daily life of patients and their carers. Methods: Italian HF specialists participated on a voluntary basis, completing their own narratives, and inviting patients and their caregivers to write anonymously about their experiences, all on a dedicated online platform. The narratives were analyzed according to standard NM methodology. Results: 82 narratives were collected from patients, 61 from caregivers, and 104 from HF specialists. Analysis of the three points of view revealed the extent of the burden of illness on the entire family, particularly that of the caregiver. The impact was mainly experienced as emotional and social limitations in patients’ and their caregivers’ daily lives. The analysis of all three points of view highlighted a strong difference between how HF is perceived by patients, caregivers, and HF specialists. Conclusions: This NM project illustrates the complex issues of living with HF and gave insights to integrate three different perspectives into the HF pathway of care.
New insights in the reproducibility of visual and electronic tooth color assessment for dental practice
Authors: Ratzmann Anja , Welk Alexander , Hoppe Stephanie , Fanghaenel Jochen , Schwahn Christian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to compare a 2D and 3D color system concerning a variety of statistical and graphical methods to assess validity and reliability of color measurements, and provide guidance on when to use which system and how to interpret color distance measures, including ΔE and d(0M1).Methods: The color of teeth 14 to 24 of 35 patients undergoing regular bleaching treatment was visually assessed and electronically measured with the spectrophotometer Shade Inspector™. Tooth color was recorded before bleaching treatment, after 14 days, and again after 6 months. VITAPAN® Classical (2D) and VITA-3D-Master® (3D) served as reference systems.Results: Concerning repeated measurements, the 2D system was superior to the 3D system, both visually and electronically in terms of ΔE and d(0M1), for statistics of agreement and reliability. All four methods showed strong patterns in Bland-Altman plots. In the 3D system, hue was less reliable than lightness and chroma, which was more pronounced visually than electronically. The smallest detectable color difference varied among the four methods used, and was most favorable in the electronic 2D system. Comparing the methods, the agreement between the 2D and 3D system in terms of ΔE was not good. The reliability of the visual and electronic method was essentially the same in the 2D and 3D systems; this comparability is fair to good.Clinical Relevance: The 3D system may confuse human raters and even electronic devices. The 2D system is the simple and best choice.