bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Du « je » au « nous ». Le Théâtre de l’opprimé comme grammaire d’une parole collective
Authors: Coudray Sophie 
Published: September 2020

Le Théâtre de l’opprimé se présente comme une pédagogie théâtrale destinée à des « non-acteurs » – des sujets opprimés, vulnérables –, dont la finalité militante implique la construction d’un sujet politique collectif. Sa méthode prévoit ainsi un dépassement du récit individuel afin de tendre vers une mise en commun, nécessaire à la réflexion critique ainsi qu’à l’élaboration d’un discours politique que chacun peut ensuite porter sur scène, au nom de tous. Cet article entend explorer la démarche d’Augusto Boal et le fonctionnement de sa pédagogie théâtrale. Il s’agira de mettre au jour les ressorts de la grammaire du Théâtre de l’opprimé, en montrant les étapes de la construction du sujet politique, tout en tenant compte de la singularité du langage théâtral. Ce faisant, nous interrogerons également la manière dont l’ancrage du Théâtre de l’opprimé dans l’éducation à la citoyenneté vient troubler la définition du sujet politique et faire émerger les contradictions qui traversent cette grammaire théâtrale et ses usages.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among People in Saudi Arabia regarding Covid-19: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alhazmi Amani , Ali Maha Hamed Mohamed , Mohieldin Ali , Aziz Farah , Osman Osman Babiker , Ahmed Waled AM 
Published: September 2020

Background The general population's compliance with preventive measures and legislation is mainly influenced by their knowledge level, attitude, and practices. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices of public residents towards corona virus disease-2019 preventive measures in Saudi Arabia. Design and methods This is a cross-sectional study; it used a validated cross-sectional online survey that received responses from 13 Saudi administrative regions. Results There were 1513 participants who completed the study (55% females; 77.7%, university education). Knowledge level, attitude, and practices towards corona virus disease-2019 were 81.3%, 86.6%, and 81.9%, respectively. The knowledge subscales showed that 1496 (98.9%) participants knew the system targeted by the virus, 96.2% and 97.3% knew the causative agent and symptoms, 783 (52.2%) participants knew the transmission modes, and 696 (46.0%) participants knew about the complications. The attitude subscales included 1465 (96.5%) participants who had dealt with an infected person, 1451 (95.9%) participants who isolated in a health facility, 1195 (97.0%) participants who knew about hand washing, and 1387 (91.7%) participants who thought the virus spread through home delivery. The practice subscales included 1505 (99.5%) participants who properly disposed of gloves and tissues and 1347 (89.0%) participants who reported safe practices when coughing or sneezing. Conclusions This study showed satisfactory knowledge, attitude, and practice towards corona virus disease-2019 in Saudi Arabia. The educational level is a dominant influencing factor for knowledge, attitude, and practice.
Nursing Education during COVID-19 Pandemic: Way Forward for Teaching Hospitals in Nepal
Authors: Singh Babita , Singh Rakesh 
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 pandemic has affected nursing education globally, with more impact in nations like Nepal with limited resources. Although, the use of technology and virtual platforms has long history in nursing education, it is relatively very new for teaching hospitals in Nepal where the health system is fragile. The challenges seen in nursing education have depicted an urgent need to address nation’s gaps in educational infrastructure including capacity building of faculties and enabling nursing students to utilize technology effectively. In fact, the pandemic has unveiled underlying structural vulnerabilities and existing disparities in educational settings between nations, particularly in nursing education.
Keywords: nursing education, COVID-19, pandemic, teaching hospitals, Nepal
GOVERNMENT REGULATION AND SUSTAINABILITY OF KENYA’S INSURANCE COMPANIES
Authors: Kitaka Johannes Mwangangi , Kiragu Dr. David , Marwa Prof. Simmy M. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The study investigated government regulation and sustainability of Kenya’s insurance companies.
Methodology: The study adopted the positivist research philosophy and employed a descriptive research design. The target population of the study was the 51 insurance companies registered by the Insurance Regulatory Authority (IRA) of Kenya as at 31st December 2016. The study took a proportionate sample of 30 companies from 10 life, 15 general and 5 composite companies. The primary data collection was through a structured questionnaire with closed questions. A pilot study was carried out before questionnaire distribution, which ensured the research instrument validity and reliability, before distribution through both hand delivery and email, followed by a telephone call to the respondents and a research assistant later visiting the respondents to collect the filled questionnaires. The raw data was cleaned, edited, coded and analyzed to generate descriptive statistics of ANOVA and T-test and inferential statistics of mean, standard deviation and frequencies, while secondary data was collected using data collection sheets.
Study Findings: The findings showed that there is a moderating effect of government regulation on drivers of sustainability of insurance companies in Kenya. While there was positive and significant effect of government regulation on capital adequacy, management capability and sensitivity to risk, government regulation had no moderation on asset quality as management of other variables of management quality, capital adequacy and risk sensitivity would address the quality of capital.
Unique Contribution: The study recommends that IRA opens up the RBC measurement tool to bring in sustainability and management indices. Further, IRA should review regulation to support the insurance companies to enhance innovation and customer service delivery, which are key for growth, and sustainability of the various insurance companies in the country.
ELECTRONIC BANKING ADOPTION AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA, NAIROBI CITY COUNTY
Authors: Jepchumba Priscah , Simiyu Dr.Eddie 
Published: September 2020

ELECTRONIC BANKING ADOPTION AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA, NAIROBI CITY COUNTY

1*Priscah Jepchumba
1Post Graduate Student: Kenyatta University
*Corresponding Author’s Email: prjumbaa@gmail.com
2 Dr.Eddie Simiyu
Lecturer: Kenyatta University

Abstract
Purpose: This research was done to establish how e- banking adoption has improved the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya.
Methods: The study used descriptive research design and structured questionnaires to collect data.The target population was all the 41 commercial banks in Nairobi. The sampling design was census where general managers and credit managers were targeted in Nairobi headquarters. The source of data was primary and secondary data; Primary data was collected from source through questionnaires while secondary data was sourced from annual central bank reports, bank financial statements as well as periodical journals and reports.
Results: The findings of the study has indicated that most of the respondents had served the banking industry for a period of at least five years and education level of at least a college diploma. The study also rejected all the null hypotheses and concluded that electronic banking has positive effect on financial performance of commercial banks. The study has contributed to knowledge through provision of scholarly literature on electronic banking and financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study’s recommendation to management is to implement strategies which: increase Speed in Electronic Services, increase investments in Electronic banking, promote training programs to employees and adopt suitable techniques to reduce threats to e-banking. The study’s recommendation is that a similar research should be conducted with a moderating or mediating variable in the same industry.
Harmala Alkaloids as Bee Signaling Chemicals
Authors: Harrington Natalie 
Published: September 2020

Harmala alkaloids are pharmaceutically active molecules that can be found in various plants. These alkaloids are fluorescent molecules in the range of 300-700nm. Coincidently, bees have a similar visible range of 300-600nm. This study takes these observations and interweaves them into a hypothesis: since bees use their sight to find flowers to pollinate, then these flowers contain harmala alkaloids that would be visible to bees. It can then be inferred harmala alkaloids attract bees. In other words, harmala alkaloids are functional components of plants. In order to determine harmala alkaloids content, standard solutions of harmine, harmaline, harmane, harmol, and harmalol will be compared with extractions from plant samples using high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence.A variety of plants were chosen to represent three categories. The first is plants that are found to be insect pollinated, these include lemon balm (Melissa officinali), common rue (Ruta graveolens), meadow rue (Thalictrum aquilegifolium), hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens), spirea (Spirea japonica), forget-me-not (Myosotis scorpioides), blue star grass (Sisyrinchium augustifolium), common rue (Ruta graveolens) and meadow rue (Thalictrum aquilegifolium). The second category represents wind pollinated plants, including sugar maple (Acer saccharum), white velvet (Tradescantia sillamontana), meadow rue (Thalictrum ichangense), rhoeo (Rhoeo spathacea). Finally, a control was also analyzed. The lady fern (Athyrium felix-femina) was chosen because it is not genetically related to the plants in categories one or two and is not insect or wind pollinated.Following chemical analysis, each of the insect pollinated plants was found to contain harmala alkaloids. The lady fern (Athyrium felix-femina) contained no harmala alkaloids, as well as the wind pollinated plants. Due to these results as well as a study of bee behavior, we were able to conclude that harmala alkaloids are present in plants that attract bees. This study both contributes to an understanding of factors involved in pollination and can be used as a guide for further investigation into a natural source of harmala alkaloids.
Characterization of Rhodobacter sphaeroides Gene RSP1977
Authors: Green Arlie Joe , Setterdahl Aaron 
Published: September 2020

Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a purple, non-sulfur, photosynthetic bacterium whose entire genomic DNA has been sequenced, however, many of the genes in its genome have not been characterized in order to determine their function in the bacterium. Furthermore, many of the genes in R. sphaeroides are very similar to gene sequences in other organisms. Therefore, upon determining the functions of R. sphaeroides genes, it will help lead to a better understanding of the functions of genes in other organisms. This research is an attempt to isolate, purify and characterize proteins from R. sphaeroides using techniques in biochemistry, molecular biology, informatics, and genetics. To date, the gene RSP1977 has been successfully isolate, cloned, and analyzed. It has been attempted to insert the gene into the pSC-B-amp/kan cloning vector, to transform the vector into competent cells, then re-isolate the vector and confirm the insertion of RSP1977. However, confirmation has not yet been obtained of successful insertion and re-purification. The next steps, after confirmation would be to insert the gene into the pET-21b(+) expression vector and express the protein. Once the protein is expressed, its functions will be studied and determined.
Speed Suits and Swimming t's
Authors: Ha Alyssa J. , Sommers Paul M. 
Published: September 2020

The authors examine the impact of high-tech suits on swimmers in the New England Small College Athletic Conference championships in 2009. The effect these high-tech suits had on drop times (that is, the difference between a swimmer's best in-season time prior to the championships and their best time in the preliminaries or finals of the championships) in the backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly was far greater for men than for women when compared to their drop times in 2010 (the first year of the speed suit ban) and 2008 (one year before the introduction of the speed suits to collegiate swimming).
Assessing Indicators of Central Obesity as Hypertensive Risk Factors
Authors: Stamatikos Alexis Dimitrios , Deyhim Farzad 
Published: September 2020

Hypertension, colloquially known as high blood pressure, is a severe public health concern in the United States. Nearly one in three American adults aged 20 or over suffers from hypertension. Hypertension may lead to left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, myocardial infarction, cerebral vascular accident, retinopathy, and renal failure. Risk factors for hypertension are numerous and include age, gender, ethnicity, sedentary lifestyle, excessive sodium intake, smoking, diabetes, heavy alcohol consumption, and recreational drug abuse. One of the most familiar markers used as a risk factor for hypertension is obesity based on body mass index. However, while body mass index is easy and inexpensive to apply, it has disadvantages and may not be the best suited marker for certain populations. A better predicting marker for hypertension instead of body mass index may be to measure or estimate intra-abdominal adiposity, commonly known as visceral fat. The clinical name of excessive amounts of adipose tissue around the midsection is central obesity. There are many techniques and procedures to evaluate central obesity, ranging from taking simple measurements and performing straightforward calculations, to utilizing high technologically advanced and expensive equipment. The purpose of this review is to thoroughly assess the rationality of employing central obesity as a risk factor for hypertension and to analyze which diagnostic tests and criteria, if any, are superior compared to others during the testing of both general and special populations.
Factors Influencing Length of Stay in 2007 National Hospital Discharge Survey of Individuals Diagnosed with Type II Diabetes
Authors: Torres Loren Nicole , Blanchard Steve 
Published: September 2020

Type II diabetes has become a topic of overwhelming interest in our society. Using the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) from 2007, we examine diabetes in relation to hospital care. The NHDS includes a sample of persons discharged with the diagnosis of diabetes. The sample size is approximately 36,000 persons. We filter the sample from the NHDS aggregate with the ICD-9-CM codes: 250.00 and/or 250.02. Our study focuses on the length of days of care in the hospital as our dependent variable and in relation to our predictive variables: sex, age, marital status, method of payment and type of admission. We examine this data by conducting descriptive, explanatory and predictive analyses. The latter set of analyses is by linear and by logistic regression. Our hypotheses are that women, persons who are older, persons admitted by emergency, and persons for whom the payment is public are more likely to have a longer stay in the hospital than those who do not fit these criteria. We found, for example, that, within 95% confidence intervals, women who are single, older, admitted as emergent, and for whom payment is public are more likely to have a longer length of stay than men with similar characteristics. The significance of this study is that it enables hospitals to better prepare for the care of individuals admitted with the diagnosis of type II diabetes.
Human Nature and Confinement in Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights
Authors: Muller Jessica L 
Published: September 2020

Catherine Earnshaw’s famous statement, “I am Heathcliff” in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, has often been thought to signify the depth of the passionate love between Catherine and Heathcliff (73). It seems, however, that Heathcliff and Catherine’s relationship may have more to do with symbolic possession and control than romance. In their famous feminist work, The Madwoman in the Attic, Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar make a well-known assertion about the relationship between the characters of Jane Eyre, a novel written by Emily Bronte’s sister, Charlotte Bronte. They suggest that Bertha, the deranged and malicious wife of Edward Rochester, can be considered as a symbol of the rebellious spirit that rages inside the seemingly quiet female protagonist, Jane Eyre, against the constraints of her class and gender role in society (356-367). I suggest that, similarly, Heathcliff is not a “devil” that possesses Catherine and inflicts misery on her, but that like Jane Eyre’s Bertha, Heathcliff is a symbolic manifestation of the raging spirit trapped inside Wuthering Height’s socially confined protagonist—Catherine Earnshaw. Catherine’s statement, “I am Heathcliff” could be said to signify, not a passionate relationship of love, but rather a literal truth. After Edgar forces Heathcliff to leave Thrushcross Grange, Catherine confines herself to her room for 3 days without food or water, bringing on an illness which eventually becomes fatal. Catherine is unable to unite herself with her true nature in life, and she therefore seeks unity with him in death. Though she cannot be united with Heathcliff while she remains the civilized wife of Edgar Linton, she can achieve unity with him in death by imprisoning and then eradicating the symbol of her civilized identity—her physical body.
Interaction of Methylphenidate and External Cue in an ADHD Behavioral Training Model
Authors: Kimmick Erica , McGovern Robin , Gittis Alan 
Published: September 2020

Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) include hyperactivity, inattentiveness, and impulsivity, which are caused by dopamine dysfunction in the medial prefrontal cortex. A six-hydroxydopamine lesion model of ADHD was used to examine response accuracy on an attentional task under one of three conditions: cue only, methylphenidate only (MPH), and MPH with cue. Results indicated rats injected with methylphenidate and exposed to an external cue showed a significant increase in response accuracy compared to the MPH and cue only groups. Also, the results indicate animals in the cue only condition had an increase performance in response accuracy compared to just methylphenidate group. This study provides evidence that combination of a stimulant and external cue would have a stronger affect than a stimulant or external cue was given alone. Keywords: dopamine, hyperactivity, methylphenidate, external cue, medial prefrontal cortex
The Role of Apoptosis in Sepsis-Induced Kidney Dysfunction
Authors: Crum Jo A. , Del Gaizo Moore Victoria 
Published: September 2020

Sepsis is a system-wide inflammatory response to infection in the blood, which can be caused by any type of pathogen such as bacteria or fungi. During severe sepsis, end-organs often shut down as the body goes into shock, causing irreparable damage and eventual fatality. Even though sepsis is the third highest cause of death in the world, only one third of Americans have heard of the condition. Such unawareness reflects the deficit in knowledge about of how end-organ damage that results from sepsis. Consequently, most current treatments for sepsis address symptoms rather than the cause. While the effects of sepsis on immune cells have been thoroughly examined, the effect on other organs, such as the kidneys, has not been elucidated. In septic patients, a condition caused by excessive cell death resulting in massive tissue damage called acute kidney injury (AKI), becomes considerably more dangerous in septic patients, doubling the mortality rate of AKI. Programmed cell death, otherwise known as apoptosis, is a natural form of cell death, and is only damaging when it behaves in an irregular manner such as not being triggered in cancer cells or excessively occurring after ischemia-reperfusion. Apoptosis is one mechanism that is thought to be responsible for AKI during sepsis, and therefore studying apoptotic regulatory proteins may provide insight into how renal cell death occurs during sepsis-induced AKI (SI-AKI). Furthermore, unraveling the molecular mechanism of kidney cell death could lead to the development of more effective treatments or preventative measures for this widespread condition.
Michael Vick’s Pit Bulls & Dogfighting: Ramifications of Media Coverage
Authors: Pickens Rebecca Crinean 
Published: September 2020

According to The Humane Society of the United States from 2006 to 2008 there were more than 3,000 pit bulls removed from dogfighting rings. The majority of surviving dogs were euthanized upon confiscation by authorities. The purpose of this research was to examine the possible impact of Michael Vick’s dogfighting case on print media coverage of pit bull-type dogs. The research questions were whether the extensive coverage of his dogfighting charges would change how media portray these dogs, and whether the issue of dogfighting would become a more widely-covered topic. The research process included a literature review of scholarly works written about pit bulls, and a qualitative analysis of articles from The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and USA Today published one year before and after the Vick case broke, using “pit bull” as the key phrase. Articles were divided into different categories depending on the contextual use of the term “pit bull.” Findings were based on the analysis of those categories. The results indicated positive portrayals of pit bulls and discussions of dogfighting were primarily isolated to the coverage of Vick’s case and dogs. The more than 200 other recorded raids on dogfighting rings that same year went unmentioned, but six stories about aggressive pit bull-type dogs were covered. This indicates media coverage of pit bulls did not change. Media can learn there is more to cover than limiting the focus on celebrity dogfighters and the cliché of pit bulls as vicious. These changes in coverage could lead to an overall positive change in the public’s perception of pit bull-type dogs.
Who Was z-Best Olympian in 2008 and 2012?
Authors: MacKay Ian Douglas , Markusen John Woodward , Sommers Paul M. 
Published: September 2020

The authors use z-scores (i.e., the number of standard deviations above the mean) to gauge the dominance of gold medalists in individual swimming, track, and gymnastic events at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympic Games. Since a last place finisher’s time or score could dramatically skew the results, the ninety-six z-scores (forty-eight for each Olympics) are recalculated for the women’s and men’s other seven finalists in each of twenty-six individual swimming events, twelve track events, and four (six) gymnastic events for women (men). Surprisingly, using these standardized scores (and recalculated z-scores), the most dominant Olympic champion was neither swimmer Michael Phelps nor sprinter Usain Bolt.
Development of a Tetracycline Resistant Strain of E. coli Sensitive to Ultraviolet Radiation
Authors: Reesor Meredith Joy , King Isaac Joseph , Copeland Jeffrey 
Published: September 2020

Multidrug resistance bacteria pose a significant threat to human health and the efforts of the medical community. Given our reliance on antibiotics for therapeutic treatment of bacterial infections it is imperative to understand the mechanism by which bacteria develop antibiotic resistance. In the present report we develop a strain of Escherichia coli capable of resisting high levels of tetracycline and other protein synthesis inhibitors. Furthermore the tetracycline resistant strain is approximately 1/3rd in length and is sensitive to UV radiation.