bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Tasks and Hands-Off Time: A Descriptive Analysis Using Video Review
Authors: Taeb Mahsheed , Schwartz Jamie M. , Spaeder Michael C. , Levin Amanda B. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
To characterize tasks performed during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in association with hands-off time, using video recordings of resuscitation events.

Design:
Single-center, prospective, observational trial.

Setting:
Twenty-six bed cardiac ICU in a quaternary care free standing pediatric academic hospital.

Patients:
Patients admitted to the cardiac ICU with cardiopulmonary resuscitation events lasting greater than 2 minutes captured on video.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Videos of 17 cardiopulmonary resuscitation episodes comprising 264.5 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation were reviewed: 11 classic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (87.5 min) and six extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitations (177 min). A total of 209 tasks occurred in 178 discrete time periods including compressor change (36%), rhythm/pulse check (18%), surgical pause (18%), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation preparation/draping (9%), repositioning (7.5%), defibrillation (6%), backboard placement (3%), bagging (<1%), pacing (<1%), intubation (<1%). In 31 time periods, 62 tasks were clustered with 18 (58%) as compressor changes and pulse/rhythm check. In the 178 discrete time periods, 135 occurred with a pause in compressions for greater than or equal to 1 second; 43 tasks occurred without pause. After accounting for repeated measures from individual patients, providers were less likely to perform rhythm or pulse checks (p < 0.0001) or change compressors regularly (p = 0.02) during extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation as compared to classic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The frequency of tasks occurring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation interruptions in the classic cardiopulmonary resuscitation group was constant over the resuscitation but variable in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, peaking during activities required for cannulation.

Conclusions:
On video review of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, we found that resuscitation guidelines were not strictly followed in either cardiopulmonary resuscitation or extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients, but adherence was worse in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Clustering of resuscitation tasks occurred 23% of the time during chest compression pauses suggesting attempts at minimizing cardiopulmonary resuscitation interruptions. The frequency of cardiopulmonary resuscitation interruptions task events was relatively constant during classic cardiopulmonary resuscitation but variable in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Characterization of resuscitation tasks by video review may inform better cardiopulmonary resuscitation orchestration and efficiency.
DREIMT: a drug repositioning database and prioritization tool for immunomodulation
Authors: Troulé Kevin , López-Fernández Hugo , García-Martín Santiago , Reboiro-Jato Miguel , Carretero-Puche Carlos , Martorell-Marugán Jordi , Martín-Serrano Guillermo , Carmona-Sáez Pedro , González-Peña Daniel , Al-Shahrour Fátima , Gómez-López Gonzalo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMotivationDrug immunomodulation modifies the response of the immune system and can be therapeutically exploited in pathologies such as cancer and autoimmune diseases.ResultsDREIMT is a new hypothesis-generation web tool which performs drug prioritization analysis for immunomodulation. DREIMT provides significant immunomodulatory drugs targeting up to 70 immune cells subtypes through a curated database that integrates 4,960 drug profiles and ~2,6K immune gene expression signatures. The tool also suggests potential immunomodulatory drugs targeting user-supplied gene expression signatures. Final output includes drug-signature association scores, FDRs and downloadable plots and results tables.Availabilityhttp://www.dreimt.orgContactfalshahrour@cnio.es;ggomez@cnio.es
Structural basis for no spectral shift of heliorhodopsin by counterion mutation
Authors: Tanaka Tatsuki , Singh Manish , Shihoya Wataru , Yamashita Keitaro , Kandori Hideki , Nureki Osamu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicrobial rhodopsins comprise an opsin protein with seven transmembrane helices and a retinal as the chromophore. Anall-transretinal is covalently-bonded to a lysine residue through the retinal Schiff base (RSB) and stabilized by a negatively-charged counterion. The distance between the RSB and counterion is closely related to the light energy absorption. However, in heliorhodopsin-48C12 (HeR-48C12), while Glu107 acts as the counterion, E107D mutation exhibits an identical absorption spectrum to the wild-type, suggesting that the distance does not affect its absorption spectra. Here we present the 2.6 Å resolution crystal structure of theThermoplasmatalesarchaeon HeR E108D mutant, which also has an identical absorption spectrum to the wild-type. The structure revealed that D108 does not form a hydrogen bond with the RSB, and its counterion interaction becomes weaker. Alternatively, serine cluster, S78, S112, and S238 form a distinct interaction network around the RSB. The absorption spectra of the E to D and S to A double mutants suggested that S112 influences the spectral shift by compensating for the weaker counterion interaction. Our structural and spectral studies have revealed the unique spectral shift mechanism of HeR and clarified the physicochemical properties of HeRs.
Hidden heterogeneity and co-occurrence networks of soil prokaryotic communities revealed at the scale of individual soil aggregates
Authors: Szoboszlay Márton , Tebbe Christoph C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSequencing PCR-amplified gene fragments from metagenomic DNA is a widely applied method for studying the diversity and dynamics of soil microbial communities. Typically DNA is extracted from 0.25 to 1 g of soil. These amounts, however, neglect the heterogeneity of soil present at the scale of soil aggregates; and thus, ignore a crucial scale for understanding the structure and functionality of soil microbial communities. Here we show with a nitrogen-depleted agricultural soil the impact of reducing the amount of soil used for DNA extraction from 250 mg to approx. 1 mg in order to access spatial information on the prokaryotic community structure as indicated by 16S rRNA-gene amplicon analyses. Furthermore, we demonstrate that individual aggregates from the same soil differ in their prokaryotic communities. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences from individual soil aggregates allowed us, in contrast to 250 mg soil samples, to construct a co-occurrence network that provides insight into the structure of microbial associations in the studied soil. Two dense clusters were apparent in the network, one dominated byThaumarchaeota, known to be capable of ammonium oxidation at low N concentrations, and the other byAcidobacteriasubgroup 6 probably representing an oligotrophic lifestyle to obtain energy from SOC. Overall this study demonstrates that DNA obtained from individual soil aggregates provides new insights into how microbial communities are assembled.
Synthetic Heparan Sulfate Mimetic Pixatimod (PG545) Potently Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 By Disrupting The Spike-ACE2 interaction
Authors: Guimond Scott E. , Mycroft-West Courtney J. , Gandhi Neha S. , Tree Julia A. , Le Thuy T , Spalluto C. Mirella , Humbert Maria V. , Buttigieg Karen R. , Coombes Naomi , Elmore Michael J. , Nyström Kristina , Said Joanna , Setoh Yin Xiang , Amarilla Alberto A. , Modhiran Naphak , Sng Julian D.J. , Chhabra Mohit , Young Paul R. , Lima Marcelo A. , A.Yates Edwin , Karlsson Richard , Miller Rebecca L. , Chen Yen-Hsi , Bagdonaite Ieva , Yang Zhang , Stewart James , Hammond Edward , Dredge Keith , Wilkinson Tom M.A. , Watterson Daniel , Khromykh Alexander A. , Suhrbier Andreas , Carroll Miles W. , Trybala Edward , Bergström Tomas , Ferro Vito , Skidmore Mark A. , Turnbull Jeremy E. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryHeparan sulfate (HS) is a cell surface polysaccharide recently identified as a co-receptor with the ACE2 protein for recognition of the S1 spike protein on SARS-CoV-2 virus, providing a tractable new target for therapeutic intervention. Clinically-used heparins demonstrate inhibitory activity, but world supplies are limited, necessitating alternative solutions. Synthetic HS mimetic pixatimod is a drug candidate for cancer with immunomodulatory and heparanase-inhibiting properties. Here we show that pixatimod binds to and destabilizes the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (S1-RBD), and directly inhibits its binding to human ACE2, consistent with molecular modelling identification of multiple molecular contacts and overlapping pixatimod and ACE2 binding sites. Assays with multiple clinical isolates of live SARS-CoV-2 virus show that pixatimod potently inhibits infection of monkey Vero E6 and human bronchial epithelial cells at concentrations within its safe therapeutic dose range. Furthermore, in a K18-hACE2 mouse model pixatimod demonstrates that pixatimod markedly attenuates SARS-CoV-2 viral titer and COVID-19-like symptoms. This demonstration of potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity establishes proof-of-concept for targeting the HS-Spike protein-ACE2 axis with synthetic HS mimetics. Together with other known activities of pixatimod our data provides a strong rationale for its clinical investigation as a potential multimodal therapeutic to address the COVID-19 pandemic.
Succinate accumulation links mitochondrial MnSOD depletion to aberrant nuclear DNA methylation and altered cell fate
Authors: Cramer-Morales Kimberly L. , Heer Collin D. , Mapuskar Kranti A. , Domann Frederick E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrevious studies showed that human cell line HEK293 lacking mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) exhibited decreased succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and mice lacking MnSOD displayed significant reductions in SDH and aconitase activities. Since MnSOD has significant effects on SDH activity, and succinate is a key regulator of TET enzymes needed for proper differentiation, we hypothesized thatSOD2loss would lead to succinate accumulation, inhibition of TET activity, and impaired erythroid precursor differentiation. To test this hypothesis, we genetically disrupted theSOD2gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic strategy in a human erythroleukemia cell line (HEL 92.1.7) capable of induced differentiation toward an erythroid phenotype. Cells obtained in this manner displayed significant inhibition of SDH activity and ~10-fold increases in cellular succinate levels compared to their parent cell controls. Furthermore,SOD2−/−cells exhibited significantly reduced TET enzyme activity concomitant with decreases in genomic 5-hmC and corresponding increases in 5-mC. Finally, when stimulated with δ-aminolevulonic acid (δ-ALA),SOD2−/−HEL cells failed to properly differentiate toward an erythroid phenotype, likely due to failure to complete the necessary global DNA demethylation program required for erythroid maturation. Together, our findings support the model of an SDH/succinate/TET axis and a role for succinate as a retrograde signaling molecule of mitochondrial origin that significantly perturbs nuclear epigenetic reprogramming and introduce MnSOD as a governor of the SDH/succinate/TET axis.
Deciphering the regulatory logic of aDrosophilaenhancer through systematic sequence mutagenesis and quantitative image analysis
Authors: Le Poul Yann , Xin Yaqun , Ling Liucong , Mühling Bettina , Jaenichen Rita , Hörl David , Bunk David , Harz Hartmann , Leonhardt Heinrich , Wang Yingfei , Osipova Elena , Museridze Mariam , Dharmadhikari Deepak , Murphy Eamonn , Rohs Remo , Preibisch Stephan , Prud’homme Benjamin , Gompel Nicolas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTranscriptional enhancers are short DNA sequences controlling the spatial activity, timing and levels of eukaryotic gene transcription. Their quantitative transcriptional output is thought to result from the number and organization of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). Yet, how the various aspects of regulatory information are encoded in enhancer sequences remains elusive. We addressed this question by quantifying the spatial activity of theyellow spotenhancer active in developingDrosophilawings. To identify which enhancer DNA sequence contributes to enhancer activity, we introduced systematic mutations along the enhancer. We developed an analytic framework that uses comprehensive descriptors to quantify reporter assay in transgenic flies and measure spatial variations in activity levels across the wing. Our analysis highlights an unexpected density of regulatory information in thespotenhancer sequence. Furthermore, it reveals an unanticipated regulatory logic underlying the activity of this enhancer, and how it reads the wingtrans-regulatory landscape to encode a spatial pattern.
Strategies for Controlling the Spread of COVID-19
Authors: Forgoston Eric , Thorne Michael A.S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe consider a deterministic epidemiological compartmental model that includes age and social contact structure for the COVID-19 crisis and explore the consequences of different strategies for easing current lockdown measures that are in place in many countries. We apply the model to the specific circumstances in the state of New Jersey, in the United States of America. As expected, only a rigorous program of testing, tracing and isolation of cases will allow the state to ease its lockdown with a reduced number of deaths. We also find that a slightly earlier date of lockdown, while reducing the number of deaths in the short term, will only reduce the total number of deaths in the long run if the ensuing strategies in easing the lockdown are carried out with the aforementioned test, trace and isolation program. Otherwise, a slightly earlier lockdown will result in increased deaths as the expected second wave of infection sweeps through the state in the coming months.
Shear wave propagation in magneto poroelastic medium sandwiched between self-reinforced poroelastic medium and poroelastic half space
Authors: Ala Sindhuja , Gurijala Rajitha , Perati Malla Reddy 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of reinforcement, inhomogeneity and initial stress on the propagation of shear waves. The problem consists of magneto poroelastic medium sandwiched between self-reinforced medium and poroelastic half space. Using Biot’s theory of wave propagation, the frequency equation is obtained.Design/methodology/approachShear wave propagation in magneto poroelastic medium embedded between a self-reinforced medium and poroelastic half space is investigated. This particular setup is quite possible in the Earth crust. All the three media are assumed to be inhomogeneous under initial stress. The significant effects of initial stress and inhomogeneity parameters of individual media have been studied.FindingsPhase velocity is computed against wavenumber for various values of self-reinforcement, heterogeneity parameter and initial stress. Classical elasticity results are deduced as a particular case of the present study. Also in the absence of inhomogeneity and initial stress, frequency equation is discussed. Graphical representation is made to exhibit the results.Originality/valueShear wave propagation in magneto poroelastic medium embedded between a self-reinforced medium, and poroelastic half space are investigated in presence of initial stress, and inhomogeneity parameter. For heterogeneous poroelastic half space, the Whittaker’s solution is obtained. From the numerical results, it is observed that heterogeneity parameter, inhomogeneity parameter and reinforcement parameter have significant influences on the wave characteristics. In addition, frequency equation is discussed in absence of inhomogeneity and initial stress. For the validation purpose, numerical results are also computed for a particular case.
Gender segregation and wage differentials in India: the role of educational attainment and occupational choices
Authors: Agrawal Tushar 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the interrelation between two important dimensions of gender segregation: education and occupation. It further investigates the gender wage gap.Design/methodology/approachThe author uses a three-way additive decomposition of the mutual information index – an index based on the concept of entropy. A non-parametric wage decomposition method that uses matching comparisons is used for measuring the wage gap.FindingsThe results show that the extent of gender segregation in India is higher in urban areas than that in rural areas. Most of the observed segregation in rural labour markets originates from educational outcomes, whereas in urban markets it is due to occupational profile of individuals. The findings of the wage decomposition analysis suggest that education in rural areas also explains a sizeable part of the gender wage differential. Nevertheless, a large share of the wage gap remains unexplained in both rural and urban areas.Originality/valueWhile much research has looked at occupational segregation, less attention has been paid to educational segregation. The paper uses a unique approach to understand the joint effect of occupation and education in explaining gender segregation.
Determinants of green job creation: an empirical investigation
Authors: Rayan Eman Omar , Ragab Adla Mohamed , Anwar Ashraf Samir 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe twenty-first century manifests two of the challenging issues about achieving Sustainable Local Economic Development (SLED) and turning to environmental sustainability through Green Job Creation (GJC). The study examines that not only are both challenges are urgent, but they are also intimately linked and will have to be addressed together. It also finds out that further factors like Managerial Effectiveness (ME) and Public Policy Effectiveness (PPE) affect GJC.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses qualitative and quantitative methods by utilizing primary data collected through designing questionnaires answered by random executives and citizens of three governorates; Cairo, Alexandria and Beni-Suef. These governorates are chosen because they represent different Egyptian geographic areas, i.e. the capital of Egypt, lower and Upper Egypt, where there are numbers of industrial zones with many heavy polluting industrial activities that exist.FindingsThe study showed that there is a lack of effectiveness and efficiency in applying common international standards in GJC’s strategies in Cairo, Alexandria and Beni-Suef. Additionally, it is highly recommended that the three governorates enhance the exploitation of their economic resources. Quantitatively, the study showed a positive and statistically-significant connection between SLED and GJC, alongside with a positive and statistically-significant connection between ME and GJC.Originality/valueThe study provides empirical evidence about the main requirements in designing an efficient framework for achieving eco-friendly local economic activities and suggesting practical solutions to obstacles that face local strategies regarding the study’s variables.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-01-2020-0012
Does formal and business education expand the levels of financial education?
Authors: Paraboni Ana Luiza , Soares Fabricio Michell , Potrich Ani Caroline Grigion , Vieira Kelmara Mendes 
Published: June 2020

PurposeFinancial education has become an essential component of the economic balance for families, and much is being discussed about the methods, which raise the levels of financial education of the population. Thus, the overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of formal and business education on the level of financial education.Design/methodology/approachThis research is characterized as a quasi-experimental study, with undergraduate students. As a data collection technique, a structured questionnaire was used.FindingsThe results confirm the importance of formal and business education, as well as gender, for the financial education of individuals. More specifically, being male and having contact with a greater number of financial disciplines increase the level of financial education of the individual.Originality/valueThis article demonstrated that the trajectory of the knowledge traversed by individuals within the same level of schooling is of paramount importance. The results show that formal and business education can improve the levels of financial education and reinforce the relevance of strategic actions in this area.
SME credit constraints and access to informal credit markets in Vietnam
Authors: Archer Lan , Sharma Parmendra , Su Jen-Je 
Published: June 2020

PurposeA review of literature has documented that accessing formal credit and other banking services has always been a crucial challenge for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The alternative, therefore, tends to be informal channels. However, the credit constraint vis-à-vis informal channel link does not appear to be well documented in the literature. This study aims to investigate whether credit constraints significantly affect the probability of accessing informal credit, as well as the credit values of Vietnamese SMEs.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a trinary approach and correlated random-effects Probit and Tobit techniques to avoid the incidental coefficients problem.FindingsThe results suggest that relative to unconstrained and partially constrained firms, fully constrained firms tend to be more active in the informal credit markets, shown by their higher probability of informal credit access and larger credit values.Originality/valueTo the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on Vietnam that takes a different approach to credit constraints and examines their impact on informal credit access. Policy implications arise and are discussed.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-11-2017-0543
The effect of quality and leverage on the image transfer model: the moderating role of involvement
Authors: Alonso Dos Santos Manuel , Calabuig Moreno Ferran , Prado Gascó Vicente , Cuevas Lizama Jonathan 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe aim of this study is to examine the influence of perceived sponsorship leverage on perceived product quality and the image transfer model, under moderation by fan involvement.Design/methodology/approachA self-report online survey was carried out after the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Responses were received from 422 individuals in 21 countries. The leverage scale was validated using exploratory factor analysis. Then, partial least squares–structural equation modeling was employed to examine the validity and reliability of the scales and test the structural model. Finally, multigroup analysis was used to examine how involvement moderates the influence of leverage.FindingsAttitudes toward sponsorship and purchase intention are influenced by the perceived leverage and quality of the product. The multigroup analysis shows that perceived leverage does not influence the attitudes of individuals with low involvement. The influence of perceived leverage on perceived product quality is greater in individuals with high involvement.Research limitations/implicationsSponsors should use collateral marketing strategies to target specific segments of individuals with high and low involvement separately. Showcasing the sponsoring products of brands renowned for their high quality could positively influence the results of sponsorship.Originality/valueThis article contributes to the sponsorship literature by exploring how sponsors can capitalize on collateral marketing actions. It also contributes to the theory of image transfer by exploring how perceived product quality can influence the effectiveness of sponsorship.