bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlucky at work, unlucky in love: job loss and marital stability
Authors: Keldenich Carina , Luecke Christine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses the relationship between a husband’s job loss and marital stability, focusing on involuntary employment terminations due to plant closures or dismissals. Using discrete survival analysis techniques on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we find plant closures and dismissals to be associated with a 54 and 74% higher risk of marital dissolution respectively, though the strength of association varies significantly by how long ago the change in employment status occurred. We extend the previous literature by considering heterogeneity in the relationship depending on whether new employment was found. Our analysis shows that the dissolution risk remains elevated even in couples where the husband has taken up a new position. Surprisingly, the relative risk of dissolution following the first period in a new job after a job loss is about the same as the relative risk of dissolution following the first period without employment. The relationship between finding a new job and marital dissolution appears to be mediated by changes in working hours as well as wages. In two extensions, we also consider the role of the wife’s employment status in moderating the relationship and show that a wife’s job loss is not associated with a similar increase in the probability of divorce as a husband’s.
„Die ersten drei Einträge …“
Authors: Dehn-Hindenberg Andrea , Saßmann Heike , Dierks Marie-Luise , Haack Marius , Meyer Antje , Walter Ulla , Lange Karin 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Frauen mit Gestationsdiabetes mellitus (GDM) haben ein erhöhtes Risiko, später an Typ-2-Diabetes (T2D) zu erkranken. Für die Entwicklung individualisierter Strategien zur Prävention von T2D in dieser Hochrisikogruppe sind Kenntnisse über deren Risikobewusstsein, Wissensstand und Präferenzen bei der Informationssuche notwendig.

Fragestellung
Welche Strategien verfolgen Frauen mit GDM bei der Suche nach Informationen zu gesundheitsbezogenen Themen und wie sind ihr Kenntnisstand und ihr Risikobewusstsein bezogen auf T2D?

Methodik
Es wurden 6 Fokusgruppen und 8 Einzelinterviews mit insgesamt 33 Schwangeren mit GDM durchgeführt und mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Die behandelnden Ärztinnen und Ärzte sind für die Befragten die vertrauenswürdigste Informationsquelle. Alle Teilnehmerinnen nutzen zusätzlich das Internet, um sich über gesundheitsbezogene Themen zu informieren, obwohl sie die Inhalte der Websites nur als bedingt vertrauenswürdig einschätzen. Sie geben einzelne Begriffe in die Suchmaschine ein und berücksichtigen oft nur die ersten Einträge. Systematische Suchstrategien oder das gezielte Aufsuchen institutioneller, qualitätsgesicherter Websites wenden die Teilnehmerinnen in der Regel nicht an, sie weisen erhebliche Wissensdefizite bzgl. T2D auf. Eine realistische Risikowahrnehmung ist nur in Ansätzen vorhanden und motiviert kaum zu einer Lebensstiländerung.

Schlussfolgerung
Die befragten Frauen haben nur wenige Kenntnisse über T2D und ihr individuelles Erkrankungsrisiko. Ihre Fähigkeit, systematisch nach Gesundheitsinformationen im Internet zu suchen, ist sehr begrenzt. Um die Motivation zur Prävention von T2D zu stärken, sollten das Risikobewusstsein sowie Strategien zur systematischen Informationssuche durch geeignete, zielgruppenspezifische Maßnahmen gefördert werden.
Dehydrozingerone protects temozolomide-induced cognitive impairment in normal and C6 glioma rats besides enhancing its anticancer potential
Authors: Pathak Nandini , Cheruku Sri Pragnya , Rao Vanishree , Vibhavari R. J. A. , Sumalatha Suhani , Gourishetti Karthik , Rao C. Mallikarjuna , Kumar Nitesh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConsidering the cognitive impairment induced by temozolomide (TMZ) in glioblastoma survivors, the present study was aimed to evaluate the protective effect of dehydrozingerone (DHZ) against TMZ-induced cognitive impairment (chemobrain) and C6 cell line-induced glioma in male Wistar rats. In both chemobrain and glioma models, TMZ was administered at a dose of 18 mg/kg i.v every 5th day and DHZ at a dose of 100 mg/kg p.o. daily. Additionally, glioma was induced by intracerebral injection of 5 × 104 C6 rat glioma cells in the cortex in the glioma model. Upon disease induction and treatment with TMZ + DHZ, spatial memory was assessed by the Morris water maze (MWM) test and episodic memory by the novel object recognition test (NORT). The induction of glioma was confirmed by histology of the cortex. Hippocampus and frontal cortex were subjected to antioxidant evaluation. Significant loss of spatial and episodic memory was observed with TMZ treatment which was significantly restored by DHZ. DHZ showed significant improvement in oxidative stress markers reversed the histopathological features in the cortex. TMZ-induced elevation of the glutathione level was also reversed by DHZ, indicating the role of DHZ in the reversal of TMZ resistance. In the glioma model, the improvement in cognition by DHZ correlated with the decrease in tumor volume. Altogether, the study results reveal the role of TMZ in worsening the memory and DHZ in reversing it, besides, improving its anticancer potential.
Estimating the Impact of Daily Weather on the Temporal Pattern of COVID-19 Outbreak in India
Authors: Gupta Amitesh , Pradhan Biswajeet , Maulud Khairul Nizam Abdul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has spread obstreperously in India. The increase in daily confirmed cases accelerated significantly from ~ 5 additional new cases (ANC)/day during early March up to ~ 249 ANC/day during early June. An abrupt change in this temporal pattern was noticed during mid-April, from which can be inferred a much reduced impact of the nationwide lockdown in India. Daily maximum (TMax), minimum (TMin), mean (TMean) and dew point temperature (TDew), wind speed (WS), relative humidity, and diurnal range in temperature and relative humidity during March 01 to June 04, 2020 over 9 major affected cities are analyzed to look into the impact of daily weather on COVID-19 infections on that day and 7, 10, 12, 14, 16 days before those cases were detected (i.e., on the likely transmission days). Spearman’s correlation exhibits significantly lower association with WS,TMax,TMin,TMean,TDew, but is comparatively better with a lag of 14 days. Support Vector regression successfully estimated the count of confirmed cases (R2 > 0.8) at a lag of 12–16 days, thus reflecting a probable incubation period of 14 ± 02 days in India. Approximately 75% of total cases were registered whenTMax,TMean,TMin,TDew, and WS at 12–16 days previously were varying within the range of 33.6–41.3 °C, 29.8–36.5 °C, 24.8–30.4 °C, 18.7–23.6 °C, and 4.2–5.75 m/s, respectively. Thus, we conclude that coronavirus transmission is not well correlated (linearly) with any individual weather parameter; rather, transmission is susceptible to a certain weather pattern. Hence multivariate non-linear approach must be employed instead.
Effect of Alkali Concentration on Swelling Characteristics of Transformed Kaolinitic Clays
Authors: Sruthi P. L. , Reddy P. H. P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoil–alkali interaction leads to abnormal soil behavior due to significant changes in mineralogy and morphology. The effect of alkali on the swelling behavior of natural clays has been explored in recent years, but the swelling behavior of alkali-transformed clay minerals is still unclear. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of alkali concentration on swelling characteristics of natural and alkali-transformed kaolinitic clays. The study was complemented further with micro-level investigations. Red earth and kaolin, which are regarded as non-swelling kaolinitic clays, were utilized. The results showed that alkalis induced greater swelling in natural clays than in alkali-transformed clays. The results revealed further that alkali-transformed clays exhibited decreases in swelling when exposed to increased alkali concentrations. Moreover, the degree of transformation played an important role in the swelling behavior of alkali-transformed kaolinitic clays when inundated with water and with various alkali concentrations. These variations may be attributed to the different extents of mineralogical and microstructural changes caused by alkali treatment.
Neuroinflammation and progressive myoclonus epilepsies: from basic science to therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Sanz Pascual , Serratosa José M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProgressive myoclonus epilepsies (PMEs) are a group of genetic neurological disorders characterised by the occurrence of epileptic seizures, myoclonus and progressive neurological deterioration including cerebellar involvement and dementia. The primary cause of PMEs is variable and alterations in the corresponding mutated genes determine the progression and severity of the disease. In most cases, they lead to the death of the patient after a period of prolonged disability. PMEs also share poor information on the pathophysiological bases and the lack of a specific treatment. Recent reports suggest that neuroinflammation is a common trait under all these conditions. Here, we review similarities and differences in neuroinflammatory response in several PMEs and discuss the window of opportunity of using anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of several of these conditions.
Policy statement from the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA): Only medical contraindications should be accepted as a reason for not receiving all routine immunizations as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Authors: Weber David J. , Talbot Thomas R. , Weinmann Allison , Mathew Trini , Heil Emily , Stenehjem Edward , Duncan Robert , Gross Alan , Stinchfield Patricia , Baliga Christopher , Wagner Jamie , Schaffner William , Echevarria Kelly , Drees Marci 
Published: September 2020

SummarySHEA endorses adhering to the recommendations by the CDC and ACIP for immunizations of all children and adults. All persons providing clinical care should be familiar with these recommendations and should routinely assess immunization compliance of their patients and strongly recommend all routine immunizations to patients. All healthcare personnel (HCP) should be immunized against vaccine-preventable diseases as recommended by the CDC/ACIP (unless immunity is demonstrated by another recommended method). SHEA endorses the policy that immunization should be a condition of employment or functioning (students, contract workers, volunteers, etc) at a healthcare facility. Only recognized medical contraindications should be accepted for not receiving recommended immunizations.
The association between body dysmorphic symptoms and suicidality among adolescents and young adults: a genetically informative study
Authors: Krebs Georgina , Fernández de la Cruz Lorena , Rijsdijk Frühling V. , Rautio Daniel , Enander Jesper , Rück Christian , Lichtenstein Paul , Lundström Sebastian , Larsson Henrik , Eley Thalia C. , Mataix-Cols David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research indicates that body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is associated with risk of suicidality. However, studies have relied on small and/or specialist samples and largely focussed on adults, despite these difficulties commonly emerging in youth. Furthermore, the aetiology of the relationship remains unknown.MethodsTwo independent twin samples were identified through the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, at ages 18 (N = 6027) and 24 (N = 3454). Participants completed a self-report measure of BDD symptom severity. Young people and parents completed items assessing suicidal ideation/behaviours. Logistic regression models tested the association of suicidality outcomes with: (a) probable BDD, classified using an empirically derived cut-off; and (b) continuous scores of BDD symptoms. Bivariate genetic models examined the aetiology of the association between BDD symptoms and suicidality at both ages.ResultsSuicidal ideation and behaviours were common among those with probable BDD at both ages. BDD symptoms, measured continuously, were linked with all aspects of suicidality, and associations generally remained significant after adjusting for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Genetic factors accounted for most of the covariance between BDD symptoms and suicidality (72.9 and 77.7% at ages 18 and 24, respectively), but with significant non-shared environmental influences (27.1 and 22.3% at ages 18 and 24, respectively).ConclusionsBDD symptoms are associated with a substantial risk of suicidal ideation and behaviours in late adolescence and early adulthood. This relationship is largely explained by common genetic liability, but non-shared environmental effects are also significant and could provide opportunities for prevention among those at high-risk.
Affording autism an early brain development re-definition
Authors: Klin Ami , Micheletti Megan , Klaiman Cheryl , Shultz Sarah , Constantino John N. , Jones Warren 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe national priority to advance early detection and intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not reduced the late age of ASD diagnosis in the US over several consecutive Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) surveillance cohorts, with traditionally under-served populations accessing diagnosis later still. In this review, we explore a potential perceptual barrier to this enterprise which views ASD in terms that are contradicted by current science, and which may have its origins in the current definition of the condition and in its historical associations. To address this perceptual barrier, we propose a re-definition of ASD in early brain development terms, with a view to revisit the world of opportunities afforded by current science to optimize children's outcomes despite the risks that they are born with. This view is presented here to counter outdated notions that potentially devastating disability is determined the moment a child is born, and that these burdens are inevitable, with opportunities for improvement being constrained to only alleviation of symptoms or limited improvements in adaptive skills. The impetus for this piece is the concern that such views of complex neurodevelopmental conditions, such as ASD, can become self-fulfilling science and policy, in ways that are diametrically opposed to what we currently know, and are learning every day, of how genetic risk becomes, or not, instantiated as lifetime disabilities.
Latent class trajectories of infant temperament and associations with problem behavior at two years of age
Authors: Giesbrecht Gerald F. , Letourneau Nicole , Dewey Deborah ,   the APrON Study Team
Published: September 2020

AbstractIndividual differences in temperament have been well-described, but individual differences in temperament trajectories require elaboration. Specifically, it is unknown if subgroups of infants display different developmental patterns and if these patterns relate to later behavioral problems. The aims were to identify distinct developmental patterns in broad dimensions of temperament among typically developing infants, to determine whether these developmental patterns differ by sex, to evaluate how developmental patterns within each dimension of temperament relate to developmental patterns within other dimensions of temperament, and to determine whether developmental patterns of infant temperament are associated with internalizing and externalizing behavior at 2 years of age. Data from the longitudinal Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition study (n= 1,819) were used to model latent class trajectories of parent-reported infant temperament at 3, 6, and 12 months. Four to five unique latent trajectories were identified within each temperament dimension. Sex was not associated with trajectory groups. Developmental coordination was observed between trajectories of negative emotionality and regulatory capacity, and between regulatory capacity and positive affect, but not between positive affect and negative emotionality. Negative emotionality and regulatory capacity predicted internalizing and externalizing behavior. Patterns of development in infant temperament, and not just intensity of temperament, contribute toward later problem behavior.
Unexpected increase of aortic stiffness in juvenile Spondyloarthropathies
Authors: Dedeoglu Reyhan , Yildiz Mehmet , Karagozlu Fatih , Oztunc Funda , Ulug Nujin , Akdeniz Beste , Adrovic Amra , Haslak Fatih , Sahin Sezgin , Barut Kenan , Kasapcopur Ozgur 
Published: September 2020

AbstractJuvenile spondyloarthropathy is an umbrella term for a group of childhood rheumatic diseases that can cause chronic arthritis extending to the axial skeleton before the age of 16. Although ankylosing spondylitis has aortic involvement as one of its most important effects, this relationship has not been extensively studied in children with juvenile spondyloarthropathy. Here, a cross-sectional study of the elastic properties of the aorta of 43 patients with juvenile spondyloarthropathy and 19 healthy controls is reported. Aortic stiffness assessed by echocardiography was used to predict the presence of aortitis, supplemented by pulsed-wave tissue Doppler indices. The right ventricular fractional area change was found to be significantly lower in the patients with juvenile spondyloarthropathy than in the healthy controls; aortic strain and distensibility were also significantly lower, and aortic stiffness index β was significantly higher; and the aortic root diameter change was significantly lower. According to HLA-B27 positivity, there was no difference in the stiffness parameters between the two groups. There was a significant correlation between juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and aortic diameter change, between juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and aortic stiffness. Thus, juvenile spondyloarthropathy is linked to high aortic stiffness parameters.
PRE- and POST-applied herbicide options for alfalfa interseeded with corn silage
Authors: Osterholz William R. , Dias José Luiz C. S. , Grabber John H. , Renz Mark J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEstablishment of alfalfa by interseeding it with corn planted for silage can enhance crop productivity but weed management is a challenge to adoption of the practice. Although a simple and effective approach to weed management would be to apply a glyphosate-based herbicide, concerns about herbicide resistance and limitations in available alfalfa varieties exist. Field experiments were conducted to compare the efficacy and selectivity of PRE, POST, and PRE followed by POST herbicide programs to a glyphosate-only strategy when interseeding alfalfa with corn. Experiment 1 compared PRE applications of acetochlor, mesotrione, S-metalochlor, metribuzin, and flumetsulam. Results indicate that acetochlor and metribuzin, and S-metalochlor used at a rate of 1.1 kg ai ha−1 were the most effective and selective PRE herbicides 4 wk after treatment (WAT), but each resulted in greater overall weed cover than glyphosate by 8 WAT. Experiment 2 evaluated applications of bentazon, bromoxynil, 2,4-DB, and mesotrione at early and late POST times. Several herbicides used POST exhibited similar effectiveness and selectivity as glyphosate, including early applications of bromoxynil (0.14 kg ai ha−1) and 2,4-DB (0.84 or 1.68 kg ai ha−1), as well as late applications of bromoxynil (0.42 kg ai ha−1), 2,4-DB (0.84 kg ai ha−1), and mesotrione (0.05 or 0.11 kg ai ha−1). A third experiment compared applications of acetochlor PRE, bromoxynil POST, and a combination of acetochlor PRE with bromoxynil POST. All treatments were effective and safe for use in this interseeded system, although interseeded alfalfa provided 65% to 70% weed suppression in corn planted for silage without any herbicide. Herbicide treatments had no observable impacts on corn and alfalfa yields, so weed management was likely of limited economic importance. However, weed competitiveness can vary based on several different factors including weed species, density, and site-specific factors, and so further investigations under different environments and conditions are needed.
Hydraulic Injection‐Induced Velocity Changes Revealed by Surface Wave Coda and Polarization Data at a Shale Play Site in Southwest China
Authors: Zhang Yan , Niu Fenglin , Tao Kai , Ning Jieyuan , Chen Haichao , Tang Youcai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigated temporal variations of seismic wave velocity associated with hydraulic fracturing using Green's functions computed from ambient noise data. In October and November of 2014, we set up a broadband array at a shale play site inside the Sichuan basin where a pilot horizontal drilling and hydraulic injections were conducted. We first computed cross‐correlation functions using continuous data recorded by 21 three‐component broadband sensors deployed around the treatment well. We then employed a running window correlation‐based coda wave interferometry technique to measure apparent velocity changes from the daily Green's functions of all the station pairs in the frequency range of 1 to 3 Hz. We found significant velocity changes right after the hydraulic fracturing, which exhibited a clear direction‐dependent pattern. S wave velocity along raypaths parallel to the well trajectory showed a clear increase while those perpendicular exhibited a small decrease. The anisotropic changes in seismic velocity observed here were also confirmed from surface wave horizontal particle motion data. By comparing our observations with normal stress changes calculated with a half‐space elastic model, we speculate that stress changes induced by the hydraulic fracturing were likely to be responsible for the observed anisotropic changes in seismic velocity. Our results suggest that time‐lapse seismic imaging with ambient noise data provides a promising probe for monitoring geomechanical changes related to exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources.
Characterization of Regional Drought Over Water and Energy Limited Zones of India Using Potential and Actual Evapotranspiration
Authors: Rehana S. , Monish N. T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the drought characteristics is critical for water resources management in water stressed countries such as India. Previous studies evaluating drought assessments over India considered precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) as drivers using standardized precipitation‐evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The suitability of actual evapotranspiration (AET), which accounts for both water and energy based evaporative demands, in drought characterization is limited. In this study, SPEI is restructured with AET to characterize the regional drought over water and energy limited regions as standardized precipitation actual evapotranspiration index (SPAEI). For this, AET estimated based on Budyko framework and remote sensing‐based AET data has been used. The original formulation of SPEI is limited toward capturing the seasonality present in P and PET. The SPEI is restructured to account for the water availability deficit in the drought assessment rather than the actual atmospheric water demand in a given period to capture the strong seasonality of rainfall. The study compared the drought characteristics with both PET and AET for various meteorological homogeneous zones of India, which are characterized as water‐limited (Central, North, West, South, and Jammu and Kashmir, J&K) and energy‐limited (Northeast and Northeast hills) zones. Overall, the proposed new drought index based on AET can be promising toward drought intensity, extreme drought areal extents, shorter‐time scale drought frequencies, and longer‐time scale drought durations for water‐limited zones. The proposed drought indices based on AET can be robust for the drought assessment under consideration of water energy along with land and vegetation variability and can provide more insights for water‐limited regions.