bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dealing with immune‐mediated haematological diseases in dogs and cats 2. Thrombocytopenia and Evan's syndrome
Authors: Whitley Nat 
Published: January 2020

Background: Immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT) is the most common cause of severe thrombocytopenia (<30000 platelets/µl) in dogs and at this level or below there is an increased risk of spontaneous body surface bleeding (cutaneous and mucosal). Despite this, some patients with IMT are asymptomatic with no evidence of bleeding, whereas others have fever, splenomegaly and other signs caused by bleeding. Signs of bleeding from thrombocytopenia can overlap with signs of platelet dysfunction, von Willebrand's disease and vascular disease. IMT is much rarer in cats than dogs, but the pathophysiology and diagnostic and therapeutic principles are very similar.Aim of the article: This article discusses the diagnosis and management of IMT and Evan's syndrome (combined immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia [IMHA] and IMT), and is the second in a two‐part series on immune‐mediated haematological diseases in dogs and cats. The first article, which was published in the December 2019 issue of In Practice (vol 41, pp 468‐477), focused on IMHA.
Supporting the intoxicated patient: toxicants affecting the neurological and cardiovascular systems
Authors: Tinson Erica , Cook Simon 
Published: January 2020

Background:Intoxication resulting in severe derangements in the neurological and cardiovascular systems can be life threatening and it is important to know how to stabilise and support affected patients.Aim of the article:This article is the second in a series of four. It discusses specific toxicants that affect the neurological and cardiovascular systems and outlines principles for managing patients presenting with the consequences of intoxication.
Successful use of percutaneous interspinous spacers and adjunctive spinoplasty in a 9 year cohort of patients
Authors: Manfre Luigi , De Vivo Aldo Eros , Al Qatami Hosam , Own Ahmed , Ventura Fausto , Zhou Kevin , Chandra Ronil V , Hirsch Joshua A 
Published: January 2020

PurposeLumbar spinal canal stenosis and lumbar spinal foraminal stenosis are common, degenerative pathologies which can result in neurogenic claudication and have a negative impact on function and quality of life. Percutaneous interspinous devices (PIDs) are a recently-developed, minimally-invasive, alternative treatment option. This study details a 9 year single-centre experience with PIDs and examines the complementary use of spinous process augmentation (spinoplasty) to reduce failure rates.MethodsA retrospective cohort assessment of 800 consecutive patients who presented to a specialized spine hospital was performed with 688 receiving treatment. Inclusion was based on high-grade stenosis, failure of conservative management and electromyography. 256 had a PID alone while 432 had concurrent polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) augmentation of the adjacent spinous processes. The patients were followed up at 3 and 12 months using the Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).ResultsBoth groups showed marked improvement in the patients’ ZCQ scores (3.2 to 1.3) and ODI scores (32 to 21), with strong satisfaction results (1.7). The symptom recurrence rate from complications for the group which received concurrent spinous process augmentation was reduced when compared with the PID alone cohort (<1% vs 11.3%).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the efficacy of percutaneous interspinous devices in treating lumbar spinal stenosis. It also provides evidence that concurrent spinous process augmentation reduces the rate of symptom recurrence.
Transradial versus transfemoral approaches for diagnostic cerebral angiography: a prospective, single-center, non-inferiority comparative effectiveness study
Authors: Stone Jeremy G , Zussman Benjamin M , Tonetti Daniel A , Brown Merritt , Desai Shashvat M , Gross Bradley A , Jadhav Ashutosh , Jovin Tudor G , Jankowitz Brian 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundInterventional cardiology produced level 1 evidence recommending radial artery-first for coronary angiography given lower vascular complications. Neuroendovascular surgeons have not widely adopted the transradial approach. This prospective, single center, non-inferiority comparative effectiveness study aims to compare the transradial and transfemoral approaches for diagnostic cerebral angiography with respect to efficacy, safety and patient satisfaction.MethodsConsecutive patients presenting for diagnostic cerebral angiography were selected to undergo right radial or femoral access based on date of presentation. Primary outcome was ability to answer the predefined diagnostic goal of the cerebral angiogram using the initial access site and was assessed with a non-inferiority design. Secondary outcomes included technical success per vessel, complications, procedure times and patient satisfaction.ResultsA total of 312 patients were enrolled, 158 and 154 for right radial and femoral access, respectively. The diagnostic goal of the angiogram was achieved in 152 of 154 (99%) patients who underwent attempted femoral access compared with 153 of 158 (97%) patients who underwent radial access, confirming non-inferiority of the transradial approach. Secondary outcomes showed equivalent technical success by vessel, no major complications, and similar frequency of minor complications between the two approaches. In-room time was similar between approaches, though post-procedure recovery room time was significantly shorter for transradial patients. Patient satisfaction results significantly favored the radial approach.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing diagnostic cerebral angiography, transfemoral and transradial access achieve procedural goals with similar effectiveness and safety, though patients strongly prefer the radial approach. Findings support consideration of adopting a radial-first strategy for diagnostic cerebral angiography.
Incident gonorrhoea and chlamydia among a prospective cohort of men who have sex with men in Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Otieno Fredrick , Ng'ety George , Okall Duncan , Aketch Carolyne , Obondi Eve , Graham Susan Marie , Nyunya Boaz O , Djomand Gaston , Bailey Robert C , Mehta Supriya D 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveSTIs disproportionately affect men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa. We identified factors associated with incidentChlamydia trachomatis(CT) andNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) infections among MSM in the Anza Mapema cohort study in Kisumu, Kenya.MethodsWe enrolled 711 MSM who underwent HIV testing and counselling, medical history and examination, and collection of demographic and behavioural information. They also provided urine and rectal swab specimens for CT and NG testing by qualitative PCR at baseline and at months 6 and 12. Separate multivariable Cox regression models identified factors associated with first incident urethral or rectal infection.ResultsAmong the 619 men aged 18–54 years included in this analysis, there were 83 first incident urethral CT/NG infections (14.4 cases per 100 person-years (PY)) and 40 first incident rectal infections (6.84 cases per 100 PY), and an overall incidence of 18.0 cases per 100 PY (95% CI 14.8 to 21.8). Most urethral (84%) and rectal (81%) infections were asymptomatic. In the adjusted model, the risk of first incident urethral CT/NG decreased by 4% for each 1-year increase in age and was 41% lower for men who reported their partner used condom at last sexual encounter. Men who were HIV-positive had a 68% less risk of urogenital CT/NG compared with those who were negative. Men who reported being usually receptive or versatile as compared with usually insertive had an 81% increased risk of incident urogenital CT/NG.ConclusionOur study demonstrated a high incidence of urethral CT/NG infection, with somewhat lower incidence of rectal CT/NG infection, despite repeated testing and treatment, highlighting the need for preventive interventions to decrease the burden of CT/NG among Kenyan MSM. Most infections were asymptomatic, and routine aetiological screening for STIs is recommended.
New physics in $$b\rightarrow s\ell \ell $$ transitions at one loop
Authors: Coy Rupert , Frigerio Michele , Mescia Federico , Sumensari Olcyr 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe investigate new-physics contributions to $$b\rightarrow s \ell \ell $$b→sℓℓ transitions in the context of an effective field theory extension of the Standard Model, including operator mixing at one loop. We identify the few scenarios where a single Wilson coefficient, $$C/\Lambda ^2 \sim 1/\mathrm{TeV}^2$$C/Λ2∼1/TeV2, induces a substantial shift in the lepton flavour universality ratios $$R_K$$RK and $$R_{K^*}$$RK∗ at one loop, while evading Z-pole precision tests, collider bounds, and other flavour constraints. Novel fits to the present data are achieved by a left-handed current operator with quark-flavour indices (2, 2) or (3, 3). Interestingly, the running of the Standard Model Yukawa matrices gives the dominant effect for these scenarios. We match the favoured effective-theory scenarios to minimal, single-mediator models, which are subject to additional stringent constraints. Notably, we recognise three viable instances of a leptoquark with one coupling to fermions only. If the anomalies were confirmed, it appears that one-loop explanations have good prospects of being directly tested at the LHC.
Reduction of the radiation in radioactive substances
Authors: Albertini Gianni , Cardone Fabio , Cherubini Giovanni , Guerriero Ettore , Rosada Alberto 
Published: January 2020

The radioactivity reduction of a system containing Ni-63 radioactive nuclei after an appropriate ultrasound treatment in an apparatus designed on purpose is reported. The application of ultrasounds for 200 s resulted in the partial disappearance of about 13% of the radioactive Ni-63 nuclei and the appearance of nonradioactive elements. The formation of new elements, not belonging to the decay chain of Nickel-63, is a strong issue where strong nuclear reactions transform Nickel into different elements rather than the usual weak interaction, responsible for the decay, which is accelerated. This way, the time necessary to halve the intensity is shortened by about 20 years, without altering the Ni-63 decay constant, which is [Formula: see text] years. Two cases producing similar effects in other radioactive systems after ultrasound treatment are described in the literature and support this finding, which is not forecast by the commonly accepted theories. A theory able to explain these and other results is also reported.
Algorithms for Online and Distributed Optimization and their Applications
Authors: Comden Joshua 
Published: January 2020

Brief Biography: Joshua Comden is currently a Ph.D. Candidate at Stony Brook University studying Operations Research in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics and is expected to graduate in December 2019. He received his M.S. in Operations Research from the Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics in 2015 from Stony Brook University and his B.E. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Delaware in 2009.
In the Summer of 2019, he was a Graduate Student Intern at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory using Matrix Completion techniques to improve Power System State Estimation which resulted in a publication. From 2017 to 2018, he was awarded a STRIDE Fellowship from the Institute for Advanced Computational Science to learn how to communicate research to policy makers so that they can make well informed decisions.
His research interests are in the design and analysis of online and distributed optimization algorithms with applications in computing and energy systems.
Arterial Stiffness Accelerates Within 1 Year of the Final Menstrual Period
Authors: Samargandy Saad , Matthews Karen A. , Brooks Maria M. , Barinas-Mitchell Emma , Magnani Jared W. , Janssen Imke , Hollenberg Steven M. , El Khoudary Samar R. 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
Menopause may augment age-dependent increases in arterial stiffness, with black women having greater progression in midlife compared with white women. We sought to determine whether and when women experience changes in arterial stiffness relative to the final menstrual period (FMP) and whether these changes differ between black and white midlife women.

Approach and Results:

We evaluated 339 participants from the SWAN (Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation) Heart Ancillary study (Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation). Women had ≤2 carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (cfPWV) exams over a mean±SD of 2.3±0.5 years of follow-up. Annual percentage changes in cfPWV were estimated in 3 time segments relative to FMP and compared using piecewise linear mixed-effects models. At baseline, women were 51.1±2.8 years of age and 36% black. Annual percentage change (95% CI) in cfPWV varied by time segments: 0.9% (−0.6% to 2.3%) for >1 year before FMP, 7.5% (4.1% to 11.1%) within 1 year of FMP, and −1.0% (−2.8% to 0.8%) for >1 year after FMP. Annual percentage change in cfPWV within 1 year of FMP was significantly greater than the other 2 time segments;
P
<0.05 for both comparisons. Adjusting for concurrent cardiovascular disease risk factors explained part of the change estimates but did not eliminate the difference. Black women had greater increase in cfPWV compared with white women in the first segment;
P
for interaction, 0.04.

Conclusions:
The interval within 1 year of FMP is a critical period for women when vascular functional alterations occur. These findings underscore the importance of more intensive lifestyle modifications in women transitioning through menopause.
Out of the Deep Woods and Into the Light: The Invention of Snegurochka as a Representation of Russian National Identity
Authors: Piters-Hofmann Ludmila 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The character of Snegurochka [Snow Maiden] has her origin in Russian folktales and is now part of an annual national tradition. The article considers her popularity as a result of different processes of inventing and reinventing national identity and the reflection on cultural heritage initiated through the Russian intelligentsia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Since her breakthrough as the main character of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov’s opera Snegurochka (1882), based on Alexander Ostrovsky’s play in verse of the same name (1873), the amalgamation of different artistic interpretations facilitated her transformation into a representation of national identity, perceived as a product of national community and therefore of the people.
Social Processes: What Determines Industrial Workers’ Intention to Use Exoskeletons?
Authors: Elprama Shirley A. , Vannieuwenhuyze Jorre T. A. , De Bock Sander , Vanderborght Bram , De Pauw Kevin , Meeusen Romain , Jacobs An 
Published: January 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to test the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model for explaining the intention to use exoskeletons among industrial workers. Background Exoskeletons could help reduce physical workload and risk for injuries among industrial workers. Therefore, it is crucial to understand which factors play a role in workers’ intention to use such exoskeletons. Method Industrial workers ( N = 124) completed a survey on their attitudes regarding the use of exoskeletons at their workplace. Using partial least squares (PLS) path modeling, the UTAUT model and a revised version of the UTAUT model were fitted to these data. Results The adapted UTAUT model of Dwivedi et al. (2017) was able to explain up to 75.6% of the variance in intention to use exoskeletons, suggesting a reasonable model fit. Conclusion The model fit suggests that effort expectancy (how easy it seems to use an exoskeleton) plays an important role in predicting the intention to use exoskeletons. Social influence (whether others think workers should use exoskeletons) and performance expectancy (how useful exoskeletons seem to be for work) play a smaller role in predicting the intention to use. Applications This research informs companies about the optimal implementation of exoskeletons by improving the determinants of acceptance among their workers.
Spiritual needs and communicating about death in nonreligious theistic families in pediatric palliative care: A qualitative study
Authors: Cai Siyu , Guo Qiaohong , Luo Yanhui , Zhou Yuchen , Abbas Ali , Zhou Xuan , Peng Xiaoxia 
Published: January 2020

Background: Spiritual support should be offered to all patients and their families regardless of their affiliated status with an organized religion. Aim: To understand nonreligious theistic parents’ spirituality and to explore how parents discuss death with their terminally ill children in mainland China. Design: Qualitative study. Setting/participants: This study was conducted in the hematology oncology center at Beijing Children’s Hospital. Participants in this study included 16 bereaved parents. Results: Participants described themselves as nonreligious but showed a tendency toward a particular religion. Parents sought religious support in the face of the life-threatening conditions that affected their child and regarded the religious belief as an important way to get psychological and spiritual comfort after experiencing the death of their child. Religious support could partially address parents’ spiritual needs. Parents’ spiritual needs still require other supports such as bereavement services, death education, and family support groups. Some parents stated that it was difficult to find a way to discuss death with their children. For patients who come from nonreligious theistic families, their understanding of death was more complex and may be related to atheism. Conclusion: Religious support could be an element of spiritual support for nonreligious theistic parents of terminally ill children. Multiple strategies including religious supports and nonreligious supports should be rationally integrated into spiritual support of nonreligious theistic family. Patient’s personal belief in death should be assessed before discussing death with them.
Accuracy of Preoperative MDCT in Patients With Penetrating Abdominal and Pelvic Trauma
Authors: Ghumman Zonia , Monteiro Sandra , Mellnick Vincent , Coates Angela , Engels Paul , Patlas Michael 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the overall diagnostic accuracy of preoperative multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in penetrating abdominal and pelvic injuries (PAPI). Method and Materials: We used our hospitals’ trauma registry to retrospectively identify patients with PAPI from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2016. Only patients who had a 64-MDCT scan at presentation and subsequently underwent laparotomy or laparoscopy were included in our study cohort. Each finding noted on MDCT was rated using a 5-point scale to indicate certainty of injury, with a score of 0 being definitive. Using surgical findings as the gold standard, the accuracy of radiology reports was analyzed in 2 ways. A κ statistic was calculated to evaluate each pair of values for absolute agreement, and ratings for all organ systems were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine whether radiology and surgical findings were similar enough to be clinically meaningful. Qualitative review of the radiology and surgical reports focused on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract was conducted. Results: Our cohort consisted of 38 males and 4 females with a median age of 29 years and a median injury severity score of 15.6. For this study, 12 different organ groups were categorized and analyzed. Of those organ groups, absolute agreement between MDCT and surgical findings was found only for liver and spleen (κ values ranging from 0.2 to 0.5). Additionally, the ANOVA revealed an interaction between finding type and organ system ( F 1, 33 = 7.4, P < .001). The most clinically significant discrepancies between MDCT and surgical findings were for gallbladder, bowel, mesenteric, and diaphragmatic injuries. Qualitative review of the GI tract revealed that radiologists can detect significant findings such as presence of injury, however, localization and extent of injury pose a challenge. Conclusion: The detection of clinically significant injuries to solid organs in trauma patients with PAPI on 64-MDCT is adequate. However, detection of injury to the remaining organ groups on MDCT, especially bowel, mesentery, and diaphragm, remains a challenge.
Initial experience with React 68 aspiration catheter
Authors: Raymond Scott B , Nasir-Moin Mehr , Koch Matthew J , Rabinov James D , Leslie-Mazwi Thabele , Patel Aman B 
Published: January 2020

Introduction We describe our initial experience with the React 68 catheter (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland), an FDA-approved catheter designed for aspiration in cases of emergent large vessel occlusion, as compared with the ACE 68 catheter (Penumbra, Alameda, CA). Methods This observational study followed consecutive patients treated with the React catheter over a seven-month period at a comprehensive stroke center. Use of the device was per discretion of the operator. Patient demographics, thrombectomy technique, reperfusion scoring, and disposition were assessed. Performance was compared with patients treated with the ACE 68 catheter over a comparable period. Results We treated 47 patients using the React 68 catheter using either aspiration alone or a combination of aspiration and stent retriever technique. The catheter was used in a variety of circumstances including proximal and distal occlusions involving the anterior and posterior circulation. Modified TICI 2b-3 was achieved in 45 of the 47 patients. The React 68 was comparable to the ACE 68 by all performance measures. Conclusion The React 68 catheter is a large-bore reperfusion catheter with trackability suitable for use in direct aspiration for recanalization of emergent large vessel occlusion.
The internal mechanisms of entrepreneurs’ social capital: A multi-network analysis
Authors: Hernández-Carrión Carlos , Camarero-Izquierdo Carmen , Gutiérrez-Cillán Jesús 
Published: January 2020

The present work addresses how and to what extent the personal and professional relationship networks of small-scale local entrepreneurs help improve their scarce resource endowments. Adopting a mechanistic and functioning oriented view of social capital, the paper suggests the existence of two different mechanisms which may explain the enrichment and entrepreneurial exploitation processes of social capital’s resources: (1) the resource mechanism, based on a network’s size and diversity, providing quantity and variety of social capital resources, and (2) the exchange mechanism, based on a network’s cohesion and relational quality, favouring the interchangeability of these resources among network members. The empirical study individually explores both the personal and professional networks of 958 Spanish entrepreneurs. Findings reveal how the two mechanisms are necessary and mutually complementary, although the resource mechanism proves more advantageous when exploiting personal networks, whereas the exchange mechanism prevails in the case of professional networks.JEL CLASSIFICATION L14; L26; M13; M14