bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The whirlpool sign predicts cases of testicular torsion with the preserved flow: a case series
Authors: Xu Zhihua , Ni Shuangshuang , Wu Senmin , Zhu Hui , Chen Kai , Luo Hongxia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background To investigate the diagnostic characteristics of high-frequency ultrasound with color doppler flow signal in pediatric testicular torsion to increase the diagnostic accuracy.Methods Seven pediatric patients from October 2017 to August 2019 with preserved blood flow signal but surgically diagnosed as testicular torsion were retrospectively included into the study. The imaging manifestations of high-frequency ultrasonography were evaluated.Results Seven cases of testicular torsion with preserved blood flow aging from 49 days to 15 years old were included in the study. All the cases had preserved blood flow in testis, but the surgical findings showed various twist degrees from 90° to 540°. Preoperative ultrasound showed spermatic cord distortion in all cases, and the testicular long axis tilted in four cases.Conclusion In some testicular torsion cases, color doppler may show normal or increased blood flow signals in the testis. The “whirlpool sign” in the spermatic cord is an important indicator suggestive of testicular torsion.
Costs and Its Drivers for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients in France and Germany: A Systematic Review of Economic Studies
Authors: Stegbauer Constance , Falivena Camilla , Moreno Ariadna , Hentschel Anna , Rosenmöller Magda , Heise Tim , Szecsenyi Joachim , Schliess Freimut 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes represents an increasingly critical challenge for health policy worldwide. It absorbs massive resources for both patients and national economies to sustain direct and associated costs of treatment and indirect costs related to loss of work and wages. Last years are fuelling of innovations grounded on the remote control and personalised programs which are significantly improving the management of diabetes and the reduction of its related complications. In this view, this work attempts to update cost analysis reviews on type 2 diabetes, focusing on France and Germany, in order to explore most significant cost drivers and rooms for cost savings by technology advancement. Although characterized by different approaches in delivering care, France and Germany represent the primary European markets for diabetes technologies.
Methods
A systematic review of the literature was carried out in MEDLINE, Embase and EconLit for interventional, observational, and modelling studies on expenditures for type 2 diabetes management in France or Germany published since 2012. Included articles were analysed for annual direct, associated, and indirect costs of type 2 diabetes patients. An appraisal of study quality was performed. Results are summarised narratively.
Results
From 1.260 records, the final sample was composed of 24 papers selected according to predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Both France and Germany revealed a predominant focus on direct cost. Comparability was limited due to different study populations and cost categories used. Nevertheless, France seems to reimburse higher direct costs than Germany. Indirect costs were only available for Germany. According to prior literature, reported cost drivers are hospitalisation and prescriptions as well as higher HbA1c and BMI, treatment with insulin and complications all indicating the severity of the disease. Diversity in available data and in included costs limit the results and may explain differences found.
Conclusions
Preventing complications and glycaemic control are widely recognized as the most effective ways to govern the expenditure for the treatment of diabetes. The implementation of self-based supports, such as hybrid closed-loop metabolic, already implemented for type 1 diabetes management, are the key pillars for further debates and policymaking, involving the perspectives of both caregivers and patients.
Measuring capabilities in health and physical activity promotion: a systematic review.
Authors: Till Maike , Abu-Omar Karim , Ferschl Susanne , Reimers Anne Kerstin , Gelius Peter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The capability approach by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum has gained increasing attention in the field of public health. As it combines individual, social and structural factors and shifts the focus of attention from the actual behavior towards available options for health behaviors that people can actually choose from, it may help advance our understanding of complex health issues. Objectives: The aim of this article is to identify and describe tools available to measure capabilities within the context of health, with a specific focus on capabilities for health-enhancing physical activity. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review using 11 databases covering scientific journal articles published in English or German between the years 2000 and 2019 with a focus on capabilities for health or physical activity.Results: We found a total of 44 articles meeting our inclusion criteria. Four articles measured capabilities using qualitative methods, one combined qualitative and quantitative methods, while the rest used quantitative methods. We identified a total 11 different capability questionnaires, all showing moderate to good validity/reliability. Only one questionnaire and one interview-based tool specifically dealt with capabilities for health enhancing physical activity.Conclusion: Although we were able to identify measurement tools for capabilities in health, this review has shown that there is no generic tool available for the measurement across all population- and age-groups, and tools focusing on physical activity are scarce. However, our results can be used as guide for future projects that aim at measuring capabilities.
A Novel Methodology For Isolation and Primary Culture of Swine Gastric Epithelial Cells.
Authors: Bautista-Amorocho Henry , Silva-Sayago Jorge Alexander , Goyeneche-Patino Diego A. , Pérez-Cala Tania Liseth , Macías-Gómez Fabio , Arango-Viana Juan Carlos , Martínez Alonso 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Culture of primary epithelial cells has a great advantage over tumor-derived or immortal cells lines since functional phenotype and genetic makeup are preserved. Swine model has proved to be helpful and reliable as a surrogate model in human diseases. Several porcine cell lines have been established from a variety of tissues and shown to extensively contribute to the current understanding of several pathologies, including cancer. However, few protocols for the isolation and culture swine gastric epithelial cells with phenotype preservation have been described. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop a new methodology for establishing a primary cell culture from the fundic gland area of the porcine stomach.Results: Enzymatic disaggregation of gastric tissue by using a combination of collagenase type I and dispase II, protease inhibitors (soybean trypsin inhibitor and bovine serum albumin), and antioxidants (Dithiothreitol) allowed the isolation of gastric epithelial cells from the fundic gland area with viability > 90% during the incubation period. Gastric epithelial cells cultured in RPMI 1640, DMEM HG, and DMEM/F12 media did not lead to cell adhesion, cluster formation and cell proliferation. By contrast, Williams’ medium supplemented with growth factors supports the confluence and proliferation of a pure epithelial cell monolayer after 10 days of incubation at 37oC in a 5% CO2 incubator. Mucin-producing cell phenotype of primary isolates was confirmed by PAS staining as well as the expression of MUC1 and MUC20 genes by RT-PCR and DNAc sequencing. Swine Gastric epithelial cells also showed origin-specific markers such as epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin cocktail (AE1/AE3) and cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, respectively. Conclusions: A new methodology was successfully established for the isolation of primary gastric epithelial cells from the fundic gland area in a swine model, based on a combination of tissue specific proteases, protease inhibitors, and antioxidants. The formulation of Williams’ medium with growth factors for epithelial cells supports the adherence and maintains the functional phenotype of primary cells, which was confirmed by mucin production and expression of typical epithelial markers in the long term.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Dental Students in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Hashim Raghad , Salah Afraa , Mayahi Fatemeh , Haidary Saeedeh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The main purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of neck, shoulder, and low-back pains and to explore factors associated with musculoskeletal pain (MSP) among dental students at Ajman University and Ras Al Khaimah College of Dental Sciences in United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Method
This cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students using an online questionnaire; which was a modified version of the Standardized Nordic questionnaire, focused on neck, shoulder and low-back pain in the past week and the past year.
Results
Two hundred and two students responded to the questionnaire out of 368. The prevalence of MSP in at least one body site in the past week, and in the past year was 48.5% and 68.3% respectively. Factors significantly associated with MSP in at least one body site at any time were having history of trauma (P = 0.009), exercise (P = 0.001), being in the clinic for longer time (P = 0.000), and BMI (P = 0.010).
Conclusion
MSP among dental students in the UAE is high, particularly among those with history of trauma, not physically active, spending longer hours in the clinic, and those with higher Body Mass Index (BMI). Careful attention is required by the dental colleges to increase students’ awareness towards this problem.
Non-Timber Forest Products and Climate Change Adaptation / Forest Dependent Communities In Bamboko Forest Reserve, South West Region Of Cameroon
Authors: Nghogekeh Tieminie Robinson , Loh Chia Eugene , Chupezi Tieguhong Julius , Mayiadieh Nghobuoche Frankline , Mandiefe Piabuo Serge , Tieguhong Mamboh Rolland 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: This study to assess the role of Non-timber forest products was conducted to forest dependent communities around Bamkoko Forest Reserve in the South West Region of Cameroon as a strategy to cope with the impacts of climate change. Methods: Data were collected through household questionnaires, participatory rural appraisal techniques, transect walk and direct field observations. Results: A total of 16 plants species were identified to be harvested by residents around Bamkoko Forest Reserve as None Timber Forest Products. The majority of the respondents (88%) perceived that there has been a change in the climate patterns due to increased temperatures and unpredictable rainfalls. Eru was found to be the most affected livelihood activity (55%) by climate change around Bamboko Forest Reserve. Communities living around Bamboko Forest Reserve were found to use more than one strategy to cope with the adverse effects of climate change. Conclusion: The study concluded that NTFPs still play a safety net role to assist communities in adverse situation such as crop failure under the current change in climate. The need to emphasis sustainable harvesting, improve processing and access to NTFPs markets is crucial.
Genome-wide analysis of CrRLK1L genes and their expression profiling during fiber development in cotton
Authors: Zuo Dongyun , Ashraf Javaria , Cheng Hailiang , Liu Shang , Zhang Youping , Wang Qiaolian , Lv Limin , Xiaoxu Feng , Song Linlin , Liu Yuanyuan , Song Guoli 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1Ls) proteins play important roles in cell growth, plant morphogenesis, reproduction, hormone signaling, plant immunity and stress responses in Arabidopsis. However, not much information is available about their functions during cotton fiber development.Results: We identified a total of 125, 73 and 71 full-length putative CrRLK1L genes in G. hirsutum, G. arboreum and G. raimondii, which are much greater than that of the other plants. The phylogenetic and gene structure analysis divided the cotton CrRLK1L genes into six major groups, among which only group I and II contained AtCrRLK1Ls of Arabidopsis, suggesting that other groups (group III-VI) were expanded by gene duplication during cotton evolution. Genome collinearity analysis revealed that half of the At02 genes in G. hirsutum derived from A02 of G. arboreum, while the other half (GhCrRLK1L6 and GhCrRLK1L7) originated from Dt03 and Dt02 of G. raimondii, indicating segmental duplication between noncorresponding chromosomes during polyploidization of G. hirsutum. In addition, expression and cis-element analysis revealed that only 22 GhCrRLK1Ls showed specific expression pattern during fiber development which are mainly due to the presence of binding sites for NAC, MYB and WRKY transcription factors.Conclusions: This study provides a strong foundation to further explore the molecular mechanism of CrRLK1L genes during fiber development in upland cotton.
Early incidence of deep venous thrombosis and its risk factors after knee arthroscopic surgery in patients with anticoagulant and non-anticoagulant
Authors: Shu Lei , Ni Qubo , Chen Biao , He Hangyuan , Chen Liaobin , Yang Xu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To investigated the early incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and its risk factors after knee arthroscopic surgery in patients with anticoagulant and non-anticoagulant.Methods: 272 patients were reviewed who have undergone knee arthroscopic surgery in our hospital from January 2018 to October 2019. Color doppler ultrasound was performed for every patient at 24h preoperatively and three days after operation. On the first day after surgery, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was randomly administered to some patients and not in others. The following factors were recorded: gender, age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative platelet and D-dimer level, D-dimer level three days after surgery, anesthetic technique, tourniquet time, whether to use LMWH after operation, and type of surgical procedures. Chi-square test or Student t test was used to preliminarily screen out suspected risk factors. Then, multiple logistic regression analysis was utilized to further determine the risk factors of DVT after knee arthroscopic surgery.Results: The incidence of DVT in the postoperative anticoagulant group was 7.5%, and 7.4% in the non-anticoagulant group. An increased incidence was found among higher D-dimer level postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of DVT between use of LMWH and non-use of LMWH in three days after surgery.Conclusion: The early incidence of DVT in the group of patients without LMWH was 7.4%. The incidence of DVT in patients with knee arthroscopy surgery could not be reduced by using LMWH within three days, and high D-dimer level was a risk factor for DVT after knee arthroscopic surgery.
The Incidence of SARS-COV-2 Manifestations in the Central Nervous System: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mayr Verena , Anna Glechner , Gartlehner Gerald , Klerings Irma , Lackner Peter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 and presents itself mainly as a respiratory tract infection. However, reports of associated central nervous system (CNS) manifestations are increasing.Methods: We conducted this rapid review to determine the frequency of CNS manifestations of COVID-19 (CNS symptoms, acute cerebrovascular disease, and infectious/inflammatory CNS diseases) and to summarize the current evidence for direct invasion of the CNS by SARS-CoV-2. An information specialist searched Ovid MEDLINE, the CDC: COVID-19 Research Articles Downloadable and WHO COVID-19 Databases, CENTRAL, and Epistemonikos.org on May 13, 2020. Two reviewers screened abstracts and potentially relevant full-text publications independently. The data extraction, assessment of risk of bias,and certainty of evidence using GRADE was done by one reviewer and double-checked by another. If possible and reasonable, a meta-analysis was carried out.Results: We identified 13 relevant studies (four cohort studies, nine case studies) with a total of 866 COVID-19 patients.In a Chinese cohort, dizziness (16.8%; 36 of 214) and headache (13.1%; 28 of 214) were the most common CNS symptoms reported. A meta-analysis of four cohort studies including 851 COVID-19 patients showed an incidence of 3.3% (95% CI: 2.2–4.9) for ischemic stroke (follow-up: one to five weeks). In 13 of 15 encephalitis case studies, PCR testing of the cerebrospinal fluid did not detect any virus components.Conclusion: CNS manifestations occur frequently in patients with COVID-19. It is important to integrate neurologists into the multiprofessional COVID-19 treatment team to detect neurological complications early and to treat them correctly.
Clinical Characteristics of 107 Patients with COVID-19 in Ningbo, China: Single Center Experience Outside Hubei
Authors: Wu Boming , Li Junjie , Xuan Hongping , Zheng Nanhong , Ye Honghua , Hu Yaoren , Chen Tong’en , Ying Hao , Fan Lingyan , Xie Qing , Sheng Zike , Ying Yin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Since December 2019, there has be an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China. Nowadays, it rapidly spread across the country and then the worldwide. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19.Methods The patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted between January 25 and February 10, 2020, were enrolled. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological data, and antivirus therapies, were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The 90-day follow-up of these patients was also performed.Results A total of 107 patients were included. The median age was 55.0 years (range from 18.0 to 85.0 years), and 72 (67.3%) were female. Ninety-three (86.9%) of the patients had a history of contacting with residents from Wuhan (n=31), or contacting with confirmed COVID-19 patients (n=62) within 2 weeks. Fifty-eight (54.2%) had a family cluster onset. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms. Only two patients had diarrhea. The most common underlying disease was hypertension. Lymphopenia was observed in 26 patients. Fifty-two patients with an elevated level of IL-6. On admission, bilateral patchy shadowing and ground-glass opacity were the typical radiological findings on chest computed tomography. Six patients had an intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Antivirus therapy was performed to all patients. 105 patients discharged with an improved condition, and no death was occurred during our 90-day follow-up for these patients.Conclusions Patients with COVID-19 in our hospital had relatively mild symptoms, and good prognosis. This study also highlights the importance of human-to-human transmission in COVID-19.
Identification and Characterization of Heat-Responsive miRNAs and their Regulatory Network in Maize
Authors: Zhao Yang , Wei Qiye , Chen Tianci , Xu Lijuan , Liu Jing , Zhang Xingen , Han Guomin , Ma Qing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs, which have been demonstrated to play essential roles in plant growth and development, and in responses to abiotic stress. Heat stress is one of the most serious stresses that affecting crop yield and quality, however, the related regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs remains poorly understanding in maize. Results: In this study, a total of 340 miRNAs, including 215 known and 125 novel members, were identified from maize seedlings under heat stress (MH) and control conditions (MC) using high-throughput sequencing approach. The 215 known miRNAs can be further divided into 40 different families, and 21-nt miRNAs were found to be most abundant among the known miRNAs. Thirty-five miRNAs, including 26 known and 9 novel members, were significantly different expressed between MC and MH libraries. Furthermore, 174 target genes were predicted to be cleaved by 115 miRNAs using degradome sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed for these targets to explore the biological function and pathways involved. Based on the relationships of miRNAs, target genes and the enriched results, a regulatory network was constructed for the miRNAs and their respective target genes, and 16 significantly differently expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were involved in the network. Conclusions: The results revealed novel insights into the roles of miRNAs in heat stress response and provided a useful foundation for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of heat-responsive miRNAs in maize.
Guidelines are Needed for Studies of Pre-Treatment HIV Drug Resistance: A Methodological Study
Authors: Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Ongolo-Zogo Clémence , Mendoza Olivia C. , Zani Babalwa , Morfaw Frederick , Nyambi Agatha , Wang Annie , Kiflen Michel , El-Khechen Hussein , Leenus Alvin , Youssef Mark , Rehman Nadia , Hermans Lucas , MacDonald Virginia , Bertagnolio Silvia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The expansion of access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been accompanied by an increase in pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR). While it is critical to monitor the increasing prevalence of PDR across countries and populations to inform optimal regimen selection, the quality of reporting is often suboptimal, limiting the interpretation and generalizability of the results. Indeed, there is no formal guidance on how studies investigating the prevalence of drug resistance should be reported. Thus, we sought to determine the quality of reporting in studies of PDR and the factors associated with sub-optimal reporting.Methods: As part of a systematic review on the global prevalence of PDR in key populations (men who have sex with men, sex workers, transgender people, people who inject drugs and people in prisons), we searched 10 electronic databases until January 2019. We extracted information on selected study characteristics useful for interpreting prevalence data and used linear regression to determine the factors associated with reporting more items. Data were extracted in duplicate.Results: We found 650 studies of which 387 were screened as full text and 234 were deemed eligible. The included studies were published between 1997 and 2019 and included a median of 239 (quartile 1=101; quartile 3= 778) participants. Most studies originated from high-income countries (125/234; 53.0%). Of 23 relevant data items, including study design, setting, participant sociodemographic characteristics, HIV risk factors, type of resistance test conducted, definition of resistance, the mean (standard deviation) number of items reported was 13 (2.2). We found that more items were reported in studies published more recently (β=0.077; p=0.037) and in studies at low risk of bias (β= -0.599; p=0.004).Conclusions: The poor quality of reporting in studies on PDR makes characterising levels of PDR in subpopulations across countries challenging. Hence, guidelines are needed to define a minimum set of variables to be included in such studies.