bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection and validation of reference genes for quantitative gene expression
analyses in persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) using real-time quantitative PCR
Authors: Du Gaigai , Wang Liyuan , Li Huawei , Sun Peng , Fu Jianmin , Suo Yujing , Han Weijuan , Diao Songfeng , Mai Yini , Li Fangdong 
Published: September 2020

Background and aims
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is an economically
important fruit tree species with complex flowering characteristics. To obtain
accurate expression pattern analysis results, it is vital to select a reliable gene
for the normalization of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction data. The
aim of this study was to identify the optimal internal control gene among six
candidate genes for gene expression analysis in different persimmon organs and
developmental stages.

Materials and methods
This analysis was conducted using geNorm and NormFinder software to show
differences in the stability of the six reference genes among tissues and floral
developmental stages of the same plant.

Results
Although genes that exhibited moderate expression in NormFinder revealed
slightly different expression stabilities than those obtained by geNorm, both sets of
results showed that GAPDH was the best reference gene in
different organs and floral buds at different developmental stages, whereas
18SrRNA was the least stable gene.

Conclusions
Based on the overall ranking, GAPDH is the most
suitable reference gene and is highly recommended for gene expression studies in
different organs and different developmental stages of persimmon. This study provides
useful reference data for future gene expression studies and will contribute to
improving the accuracy of gene expression results in persimmon.
Characterization of potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from
sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Iran
Authors: Khezrinejad Nabi , Khodakaramian Gholam , Shahryari Fatemeh 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This study aims to characterize plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in
sunflowers growing in different locations at North West of Iran.

Materials and methods
Sunflower plants were collected from different regions of West Azarbaijan, and
rhizospheric bacterial strains were isolated and screened for PGP traits.
Identification and characterization of the PGPR were conducted based on 16s rDNA
sequences and phenotypic analysis, the strains clustered for genetic diversity by
rep-PCR method.

Results
Among the 80 bacterial isolates, 20 showed PGP traits and were selected for
other potentials. All the selected isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid at the rate
of 9.2–33.7 mg/ml. In addition, 13, 15, 12, and 16 were positive for phosphate
solubilization, siderephore, hydrogen cyanide, and ammonia production, respectively.
The results from a subsequent pot experiment indicated that PGPRs distinctly increased
sun flower shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight, as well as shoot and
root dry weight. Based on 16S rDNA sequences and biochemical and physiological
characteristics, 20 PGPRs were identified as Pseudomonas
fluorescens (five isolates), Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (four isolates), Pseudomonas
geniculata (one isolate), Bacillus subtilis
(four isolates), Bacillus pumilus (two isolates),
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (two isolates), and
Brevibacterium frigoritolerans (two isolates). In
rep-PCR, PGPR isolates were differentiated into seven clusters (A–G) at 65% similarity
level. These results demonstrated the existence of a considerable species richness and
genetic diversity among PGPRs isolated from different regions of North West of
Iran.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is first report for the identification and
characterization of B. frigoritolerans as PGPR in sunflower
plants.
Penggunaan Desain Plackett Burman untuk Seleksi Parameter Pemisahan Logam Tanah Jarang Kelompok Sedang dari Logam Tanah Jarang Kelompok Lainnya dengan Metode Pengendapan
Authors: Effendi Syulastri , Mutalib Abdul , Anggraeni Anni , Bahti Husein Hernandi 
Published: September 2020

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil timah terbesar di dunia dengan hasil sampingnya berupa mineral ikutan, salah satunya adalah monasit yang mengandung lebih dari 50% logam tanah jarang (LTJ). LTJ memiliki kegunaan penting dalam berbagai teknologi dan memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Banyaknya mineral monasit yang ditemukan di Indonesia, akibatnya Indonesia berpeluang dalam memproduksi dan memanfaatkan LTJ untuk penunjang kemajuan negara. Oleh karena itu diperlukan metode pemisahan yang tepat dan efisien untuk mendapatkan LTJ individu maupun campuran dalam bentuk murni, salah satunya yaitu metode pengendapan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh parameter pemisahan pada metode pengendapan yang berpengaruh terhadap respon yang berupa efisiensi pemisahan LTJ kelompok sedang dari kelompok LTJ lainnya berdasarkan desain eksperimen dari sampel LTJ hidroksida hasil olah monasit. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengendapan selektif LTJ kelompok berat, sedang, dan ringan berdasarkan desain eksperimen model Plackett Burman untuk menseleksi parameter-parameter yang memiliki relevansi terhadap respon LTJ kelompok sedang. Parameter yang digunakan yaitu konsentrasi pereaksi, suhu, kecepatan pengadukan dan pH. Parameter yang terseleksi kemudian dapat digunakan untuk pemisahan secara selektif kelompok LTJ dengan metode pengendapan skala besar. Parameter yang memiliki relevansi dengan respon berupa efisiensi pemisahan LTJ kelompok sedang dari kelompok LTJ lainnya yaitu konsentrasi asam oksalat (1,0N), suhu pengendapan dengan asam oksalat (25°C), pH pengendapan LTJ berat (4,00), pH pengendapan LTJ sedang (7,30) dan suhu pengendapan LTJ sedang (90°C). Efisiensi pemisahan sampel LTJ kelompok sedang dari sampel LTJ hidroksida yaitu 72,88%.
Penyiapan Arang Aktif Pelepah Kelapa Sawit sebagai Adsorben Asam Lemak Bebas dari CPO (Crude Palm Oil)
Authors: Muhdarina Muhdarina , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Pahlepi Mhd. Reza , Pujiana Zetria , Bahri Syaiful 
Published: September 2020

Limbah pelepah sawit (LPS) dihasilkan secara periodik dari perkebunan kelapa sawit. Keberadaan LPS ini berpeluang digunakan sebagai bahan baku adsorben. LPS telah diubah menjadi arang aktif pelepah sawit (APS) melalui langkah karbonisasi pada temperatur 600oC selama waktu bervariasi (30, 60, dan 120 menit). APS yang diperoleh dilakukan analisis kadar air, abu dan zat menguap. APS juga dikarakterisasi dengan FTIR untuk menentukan gugus fungsi, keasaman permukaan dengan tirasi Bhoem serta SEM untuk mendeteksi morfologi permukaan. Kemampuan APS untuk menjerap asam lemak bebas (ALB) dari CPO dipelajari pada waktu adsorpsi dan dosis adsorben yang bervariasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua APS memiliki kadar air, abu dan zat menguap yang sangat rendah, sehingga memenuhi SNI 06-3730-1995. Gugus fungsi yang dimiliki APS di antaranya C-O, O-H, C-O-C, C=O, C-C (aromatik) dan C-H. APS mengandung 14 mmolg-1 total asam dengan mayoritas asam fenolat sebanyak 12,3 mmolg-1, sisanya sebagai asam karboksilat dan laktonat. Morfologi permukaan arang aktif membentuk rongga-rongga dengan ukuran yang semakin besar dan tersusun rapat seiring dengan lamanya waktu karbonisasi. Hasil uji adsorpsi ALB yang paling baik ditunjukkan oleh APS60 yang mampu menjerap hingga 77,8% ALB pada waktu adsorpsi 60 menit dan 1 g dosis adsorben. Dengan demikian, LPS layak dikembangkan menjadi arang aktif dan digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk mengurangi kadar asam lemak bebas dalam CPO.
Pembuatan Biobaterai Berbasis Ampas Kelapa dan Tomat Busuk
Authors: Abidin Muhamad , Hafidh Ashary Fathul , Widyaningsih Mia , Yusuf Muhammad , Murniati Anceu 
Published: September 2020

Indonesia merupakan negara tropis dengan produksi kelapa dan tomat yang cukup tinggi. Pada tahun 2016, Indonesia menjadi negara penghasil kelapa terbesar di dunia dengan produksi kelapa sebanyak 18,3 juta ton. Beberapa produksi pengolahan kelapa menghasilkan produk samping berupa ampas kelapa. Disisi lain, dari 916.000 ton produksi tomat pertahun terdapat 80% yang mengalami kebusukan akibat serangan hama. Kedua limbah tersebut berpotensi untuk diolah menjadi baterai ramah lingkungan. Tomat busuk telah diketahui dapat dijadikan sebagai elektrolit ramah lingkungan pada baterai dengan menghasilkan beda potensial pada baterai sebesar 1,233 Volt. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini yaitu membuat baterai ramah lingkungan berbahan dasar ampas kelapa dan tomat busuk. Ampas kelapa ditambahkan karena emulsifying tepung kelapa secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan tepung kaya serat lainnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah mencampurkan tomat busuk dengan ampas kelapa dengan variasi komposisi 0, 25, 50, 75 dan 100% pada masing–masing konsentrasi. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah potensial, kapasitas, dan daya baterai. Hasilnya, baterai pada komposisi 0, 25, 50, 75 dan 100% menghasilkan rata-rata beda potensial masing-masing sebesar 1,27; 1,17; 1,45; 1,23; dan 0,02 Volt, arus listrik masing-masing sebesar 0,76; 1,13; 0,97; 0,24; dan 0 mA, dan daya masing-masing sebesar 0,97; 1,56; 1,43; 0,30; 0,00 miliwatt. Kondisi optimum baterai diperoleh pada baterai dengan konsentrasi 25% ampas kelapa berbanding tomat busuk dengan daya sebesar 1,56 miliwatt. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi pada pengembangan baterai ramah lingkungan untuk mengurangi limbah B3, seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan akan baterai di era revolusi industri 4.0.
Efektivitas Biokoagulan Cangkang Telur Ayam Ras dan Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa Balbisiana ABB) dalam Menurunkan Turbiditas, TDS, dan TSS dari Limbah Cair Industri Farmasi
Authors: Hanifah Hesty Nuur , Hadisoebroto Ginayanti , Turyati Turyati , Anggraeni Ineu Sintia 
Published: September 2020

Koagulasi merupakan tahap awal dalam proses pengolahan limbah cair. Salah satu industri yang berpotensi untuk menimbulkan pencemaran air bila limbah cairnya tidak dikelola dengan baik adalah industri farmasi. Cangkang telur ayam ras dan kulit pisang kepok merupakan limbah padat yang belum termanfaatkan, padahal kedua bahan tersebut mengandung zat-zat yang bisa membantu dalam proses koagulasi. Oleh karena itu, peneliti tertarik untuk mengembangkan biokoagulan dari cangkang telur ayam ras dan kulit pisang kepok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dari cangkang telur ayam ras dan kulit pisang kepok sebagai biokoagulan dalam menurunkan nilai turbiditas, TDS (Total Disolved Solid) dan TSS (Total Suspended Solid) dari limbah cair industri farmasi. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jartest. Sampel air limbah yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini yaitu sampel air limbah industri farmasi dari PT Sinkona Indonesia Lestari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biokoagulan cangkang telur ayam mempunyai dosis optimum yaitu 50 g/500 mL dan pada pH optimum 8 terjadi penurunan turbiditas sebesar 81,18%, TDS sebesar 24,3% dan TSS sebesar 82,05%. Sedangkan biokoagulan kulit pisang kepok mempunyai dosis optimum 5 g/500 ml dan pada pH optimum 2 terjadi penurunan turbiditas sebesar 94,9%, TDS 51,3% dan TSS 83,2%. Dari data tersebut bisa disimpulkan bahwa cangkang telur ayam ras dan kulit pisang kepok bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai biokoagulan untuk pengolahan limbah cair dari industri farmasi.
Pengamatan Karakteristik Schooling Ikan pada Area Bagan Tancap Sekitar Terumbu Karang dengan Teknologi Hidroakustik
Authors: Angreni Husni , Jumrawati Jumrawati , Malkan Hasbi Ibnu 
Published: September 2020

Teknologi penangkapan ikan selalu dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas penangkapan ikan dan lebih ramah lingkungan. Kajian karakteristik schooling ikan ini dilakukan pada bagan tancap dengan lampu LED menggunakan metode hidroakustik untuk mengetahui aktivitas renang ikan berdasarkan waktu pengamatan yaitu sebelum, saat tengah malam, dan setelah tengah malam. Metode experimental fishing dilakukan dengan mengikuti operasi penangkapan ikan di Perairan Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan pada April sampai Agustus 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pada saat sebelum tengah malam, ikan di areal bagan tancap cenderung berada pada kedalaman 3-6 meter di bawah permukaan air dan didominasi oleh kemunculan ikan kelompok gerombolan sedang dan kelompok gerombolan besar. Saat tengah malam ikan cenderung berada pada kedalaman 4-16 meter didominasi oleh kemunculan ikan kategori Kecil (individu atau soliter). Setelah tengah malam, ikan cenderung terdeteksi pada kedalaman 3-14 meter dan didominasi oleh kemunculan ikan kelompok sedang. Gerombolan sedang dan besar mengindikasikan adanya gerombolan ikan dalam jumlah besar. Hal ini dapat dimanfaatkan nelayan bagan untuk melakukan proses hauling sebelum dan setelah tengah malam.
Owicki-Gries Theory: A Possible Way of Relating Grammar Systems to Concurrent Programs
Authors: Grando María Adela 
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to show how grammar systems and concurrent programs might be viewed as related models for distributed and cooperating computation. We argue that it is possible to translate a grammar system into a concurrent program, where the Owicki-Gries theory and other tools available in the programming framework can be used. The converse translation is also possible and this turns out to be useful when we are looking for a grammar system that can generate a given language. In order to show this we use tools from concurrent programming theory to prove that Lcd = {anbmcndm | n,m ≥ 1} can be generated by a non-returning Parallel Communicating grammar system with three regular components. We show that this strategy can be helpful in the construction of grammar systems that generate strings in less time and more eciently. We also discuss the absence of strategies in the concurrent programming theory to prove that Lcd can be generated by any Parallel Communicating grammar system with two regular components.
The Comparison of Color Doppler Ultrasonography and Indirect Computer Tomography Venography for the Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Authors: GÜNEY Betül 
Published: September 2020

Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi 2002
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığına bağlı Sağlık Ocaklarında, Pratisyen Hekim 2002-2004
Tıpta uzmanlık:	Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Radyoloji Bölümü	2005-2010
Kayseri Eğitim Araştirma Hastanelerinde, Radyoloji Uzman Doktor 2010-2015
Özel Melikgazi Hastanesi, Radyoloji Uzman Doktor 2015-2018
Halil Bayraktar Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu, Dr. Öğretim Görevlisi 2019- halen devam ediyor
LATERAL EPİKONDİLİTTE FİZİK TEDAVİ VE STEROİD ENJEKSİYONUNUN ETKİNLİĞİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: MAZLUM MACİT Pınar , SAĞLAM Gonca , ERDAL Akın 
Published: September 2020

AMAÇ: Bu randomize kontrollü çalışmada lateral epikondilitte lokal steroid enjeksiyonu ile terapötik pulse ultrason ve parafin tedavisinin etkinliklerini karşılaştırma amaçlandı.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEMLER: Otuz altı lateral epikondilit teşhisi konulan hasta randomize olarak 18’er kişilik iki gruba ayrıldı. 1. gruba lokal steroid enjeksiyonu uygulanırken, 2. gruba pulse ultrason ve parafin tedavisi verildi. Hastalar başlangıçta, 3. haftada ve 6. haftada değerlendirildi. Başlangıçta ve takiplerdeki ağrı düzeyleri, istirahat ve aktivitede Vizüel Analog Skala ve Likert skalası ile sorgulandı. Kontrollerde; basınçla ve dirence karşı el bileği ekstansiyonu ile gelişen ağrı, elin sıkma gücü, hasta ve hekimin global değerlendirmesi kaydedildi.
BULGULAR: Tedavilerin sonunda her iki grupta da tüm ağrı parametlerinde azalma ve el kavrama gücünde artış izlendi. 3. ve 6. haftalardaki tespit edilen iyileşme bakımından gruplar arası anlamlı fark görülmedi.
SONUÇ: Lateral epikondilitte steroid enjeksiyonu ve ultrason ile parafin tedavileri etkin bir şekilde kullanılabilir. Ağrıda hızlı azalma için ucuz ve pratik olan steroid enjeksiyonu tercih edilebilir.
Biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in smokers and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Authors: Asimuddin Mohammed , Vijaylakshmi Gutta , Soheb Ansari Mohd , Jamil Kaiser 
Published: September 2020

Identification of biomarkers for the novel therapeutics targets of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important area of current research. In this study, the level of inflammatory cytokines was investigated and correlated these levels with erythrocytic antioxidant activities in COPD patients with smokers and without smokers and parameters of severity.Plasma levels of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 concentrations were assayed by means of Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and erythrocytic glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were estimated by spectrophotometric method.Both IL-6 and IL-8 plasma levels showed a statistically significantly higher in COPD patients as compared to healthy controls (p&#60;0.001; p&#60;0.05). In contrast, the IL-10 was lower in COPD patients as compared to control group (p&#60;0.05). FEV1 was significantly negatively correlated with plasma IL-6 (r= - 0.565, p&#60; 0.001) and IL-8 (r= -0.453, p &#60;0.05). Plasma IL-6 was found negative association with erythrocytic GST (r= - 0.018, p&#62;0.05) and GPx activities (r= - 0.080, p&#62;0.05). Similarly IL-8 was also found negative association with GST (r= - 0.260, p&#62;0.05) and GPx activities (r= - 0.268, p&#62;0.05). Whereas, a significant positive association was observed between IL-10 and erythrocytic GST (r= 0.494, p &#60;0.05) and GPx activities (r= 0.546, p &#60; 0.001).In conclusion, Plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 are related with severity of COPD and IL-10 and oxidative stress markers GST and GPx are co-dependent and strongly interrelated processes and may be used as a potential marker for the evaluation of COPD.
Checkmate to Bioethics?
Authors: Garzón Díaz Fabio Alberto 
Published: September 2020

Bioethics, as the first cousin of philosophy, suffers from what philosopher Hegel told us during his lifetime, “When philosophy paints lights and shadows, an aspect of life has grown old, and cannot be rejuvenated, but only understood. Minerva’s owl takes flight only during sundown”. The problem is how to fight an invisible opponent. What to do when your opponent enters your body and kills you from the inside? This pandemic has taken away out trust in the “Other,” even if they are our parents or children, since it turns a simple act of love —a kiss or a hug— into a deadly weapon. No one, not the richest nor the poorest country, was prepared for this. The covid-19 pandemic has put the world in check and proposes a new planetary order. Bioethics must take its most reflective streak, understand the phenomenon, and draw lessons from this heartbreaking experience so that we do not make the same mistakes again that are costing us so many bitter tears and deaths.
I will present in this editorial some points that may help us to continue the debate and possibly reach agreements on how to advance in a post-COVID-19 world. Readers will find too and editorial note on our journals' numeration system.
In the name of the editorial board of Revista Latinoamericana de Bioética and my own, we dedicate this issue to the heroes of this pandemic, the health professionals (doctors, nurses, para- medics, to name just a few) who have risked their lives for the most vulnerable and feeble, those who have suffered the agony of this utterly heartless coronavirus disease.
A An Update of Clinical Characteristics and Chest CT Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID- 19)
Authors: Sah Dr. Shambhu Kumar , Shah Sonali Kumari , Pandit Ram Naresh , Gang Chu Zhi , Li Yongmei 
Published: September 2020

Novel coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) is a highly infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This novel virus is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and close personal contact, causing recent global public health emergency. COVID- 19 high-risk groups include elderly and immunocompromised patients, patients with preexisting comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, respiratory disease, and oncological complications. Chest computed tomography (CT), especially high- resolution CT (HRCT) plays an important role in the early diagnosis, staging and monitoring of patients with COVID- 19 pneumonia. The clinical characteristics and chest CT findings of COVID- 19 are reviewed, including the time course of lung changes on chest CT during recovery and correlation of chest CT and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing in COVID- 19.
Böbrek transplant alıcılarında allograft biyopsisinin histopatolojik değerlendirilmesi ve komplikasyonları: Radyolojik görüntüleme açısından
Authors: ÇEVİK Belma 
Published: September 2020

Amaç: Böbrek nakli, son dönem böbrek yetmezliği olan hastaların çoğunda tercih edilen tedavi yöntemi haline gelmiştir. Renal allogreft biyopsisi böbrek nakli disfonksiyonunun tanısında en önemli tekniktir. Bu çalışmada, radyolojik görüntüleme ışığında renal transplant hastalarında histopatolojik değerlendirme ve komplikasyon tipleri ve sıklığının araştırılması amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmada, Ocak 2000 ve Aralık 2007 tarihleri arasında böbrek biyopsisi yapılan renal transplantasyonlu hastaların histopatolojik biyopsi sonuçları, kalsinörin inhibitörü ilaç düzeyi ile toksisite gelişimi arasındaki ilişki açısından değerlendirildi. Ayrıca biyopsi ile ilişkili komplikasyonlar araştırıldı.
Bulgular: Toplam 386 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi ve bu hastalara 843 biyopsi yapıldı. Doku miktarı 812 biyopside (% 96) yeterli, 6 biyopside (% 1) yetersiz ve 27 biyopside (% 3) sınırlı ancak histopatolojik değerlendirme için yeterli bulunmuştur. Akut ret, tübüler epitel hasarı ve kronik allogreft nefropati en sık konulan tanılardı. Biyopsilerin komplikasyonları 4 biyopside makroskopik hematüri (%0.57), 6 biyopside perirenal hematom (% 1) ve 1 biyopside arteriyovenöz fistül (% 0.15) idi.
Sonuç: Böbrek allogreft disfonksiyonunu değerlendirmek için nakil yapılan hastalarda böbrek biyopsisi çok düşük komplikasyon oranına sahip güvenli bir yöntemdir.
Statistical Analysis with Hedonic Pricing Models: Estimation of Real-Estate Values and Anticipation of Housing Price in Beijing, China
Authors: Lyu Haoxuan , Liu Zeyuan 
Published: September 2020

<p>On the basis of big data regarding the sold house price in Beijing from 2011 to 2017, this research aims to exhibit a comprehensive and rational deducing progress in character with the justified and formulated variables and visible results to be instrumental in the prediction of housing price in Beijing, and it attributes the dominated factors amongst all dependent variables. In this paper, the hedonic price model is the primary analyzing tool to cope with the intrinsic factors in real-estate estimation and prediction.</p>