bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispositional mindfulness is associated with heart rate reactivity and recovery in response to a lab stressor
Authors: Beshai Shadi , Hammond Brooklyn K. , Bjornson Sarah E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHeightened perceived stress is consistently associated with symptoms of psychopathology. Perceived stress can be reliably linked with physiological responses, such as increased heart rate. Even though dispositional mindfulness is associated with lower self‐reported stress, no studies to date have examined whether dispositional mindfulness can predict physiological responses to and recovery from stress. We recruited 142 student participants and administered a measure of dispositional mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire—Short Form/FFMQ‐SF) and a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Specifically, during the TSST, we instructed participants that they were about to deliver a presentation to a panel of judges, then informed them they no longer need to deliver this presentation, all while measuring their heart rate. We found that total FFMQ‐SF and non‐reactivity subscale scores were positively and significantly correlated with heart rate reactivity to the lab stressor. Further, we found that the FFMQ‐SF facet of non‐judgment was negatively and significantly correlated with the time it took for participants' heart rates to return to and stabilize at baseline. The results of this study elucidate potential mechanisms of mindfulness in stress. Specifically, mindfulness may not necessarily make people less reactive to stressors, but may operate through top‐down processes to enhance recovery and resilience during stress.
The relationship between bicultural identity, acculturative stress, and psychological well‐being in multicultural adolescents: Verification using multivariate latent growth modelling
Authors: Bae Sung Man 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to examine causal relationships between bicultural identity, acculturative stress, and subjective well‐being among multicultural adolescents. Secondary longitudinal data that were obtained from 1,635 multicultural adolescents were analysed. The results showed that bicultural identity had a positive effect on psychological well‐being and a negative impact on acculturative stress; in addition, greater acculturative stress was associated with lower psychological well‐being. Finally, bicultural identity indirectly affected psychological well‐being by mediating the effects of acculturative stress. These findings underscore the need to facilitate the adaptation of multicultural adolescents by reducing acculturative stress and promoting bicultural acceptance in educational institutions.
Cellular Stemness Maintenance of Human Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells on ZnO Nanorod Arrays
Authors: Kong Ying , Ma Baojin , Liu Feng , Chen Duo , Zhang Shan , Duan Jiazhi , Huang Yuan , Sang Yuanhua , Wang Jianjun , Li Dong , Liu Hong , Wang Shuhua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEver‐growing tissue regeneration and other stem cell therapies cause pressing need for large population of self‐renewable stem cells. However, stem cells gradually lose their stemness after long‐term in vitro cultivation. In this study, a ZnO nanorod (ZnO NR) array is used to maintain the stemness of human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs). The results prove that after culturing hADSCs on ZnO NRs for 3 weeks, the stemness genes and protein expression level are higher than that on culture plates and ZnO film. ZnO NRs can maintain stemness of hADSCs without inhibiting the cell proliferation and oriented differentiation capabilities. KLF4 (Kruppel‐like factor 4) is a Zn2+‐binding gene that plays a vital role in cell proliferation and differentiation. Sustained Zn2+ release and the increased expression of KLF4 can be detected, suggesting that ZnO NRs have efficiently released Zn2+ for stemness maintenance. Taken together, the nanotopography of ZnO NRs and the Zn2+ release synergistically facilitate stemness maintenance. This study has provided a powerful tool for directing cell fate, maintaining stemness, and realizing the expansion of stem cells in vitro, which will open a new route for the manufacture of large populations of stem cells and fulfilling the growing demand for the cell therapy market.
Stable Fe2P2S6 Nanocrystal Catalyst for High‐Efficiency Water Electrolysis
Authors: Chang Jinfa , Wang Guanzhi , Belharsa Anas , Ge Junjie , Xing Wei , Yang Yang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA crucial step toward clean hydrogen (H2) energy production through water electrolysis is to develop high‐stability catalysts, which can be reliably used at high current densities for a long time. So far, platinum group metals (PGM) and their oxides, for example, Pt and iridium oxide (IrO2) have been well‐regarded as the criterion for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) electrocatalysts. However, the PGM catalysts usually undergo severe performance decay during the long‐term operation. Herein, the in situ growth of iron phosphosulfate (Fe2P2S6) nanocrystals (NCs) catalysts on carbon paper synthesized by combing chemical vapor deposition with solvent‐thermal treatment is reported to show competitive performance and stability as compared to the state‐of‐the‐art PGM catalysts in a real water electrolyzer. A current density of 370 mA cm−2 is achieved at 1.8 V when using Fe2P2S6 NCs as bifunctional catalysts in an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer. The Fe2P2S6 NCs also show much better stability than the Pt‐IrO2 catalysts at 300 mA cm−2 for a continuous 24 h test. The surface generated FeOOH on Fe2P2S6 is the real active site for OER. These results indicate that the Fe2P2S6 NCs potentially can be used to replace PGM catalysts for practical water electrolyzers.
Ultrafine Bimetallic Pt–Ni Nanoparticles Achieved by Metal–Organic Framework Templated Zirconia/Porous Carbon/Reduced Graphene Oxide: Remarkable Catalytic Activity in Dehydrogenation of Hydrous Hydrazine
Authors: Song Fu‐Zhan , Yang Xinchun , Xu Qiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEmerging as a promising hydrogen carrier, hydrous hydrazine has attracted great attention in hydrogen storage and transportation. Herein, by using a wet‐chemical reduction method, ultrafine bimetallic PtNi nanoparticles (NPs) with an average size of 1.8 nm are immobilized on a metal–organic framework templated zirconia/porous carbon/reduced graphene oxide (ZrO2/C/rGO) support. Monometallic Pt and Ni NPs show no activities for the catalytic dehydrogenation of hydrous hydrazine. Surprisingly, the obtained bimetallic Pt–Ni NPs exhibits a significantly enhanced catalytic activity toward the hydrogen generation from hydrous hydrazine, with which an extremely high turnover frequency value can be afforded to 1920 h−1 at 323 K. The highly enhanced catalytic activity can be attributed to the small size effect, the strong synergistic effect between Pt and Ni atoms as well as the strong metal‐support interactions. The present work provides a new insight to developing high‐performance bimetallic catalysts for advanced catalytic and energy technologies.
Numerical study of isolation in the backfill zone of foundation pit method to reduce railway generated vibration in high‐rise buildings
Authors: Pan Peng , Zeng Yi , Yang Jun , Zhang Dongbin 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe conventional methods to reduce building vibration include isolation of vibration sources, isolation of buildings, and setting trenches in the propagation path. However, it is evidenced that these methods are not feasible for high‐rise buildings in crowded urban areas. This paper proposes a new method to reduce vibration for high‐rise buildings by using the existing construction backfill zone, the isolation in the backfill zone of foundation pit (IBF). Numerical analyses were first carried out to obtain a realistic excitation time history, and a finite element–infinite element model was developed and calibrated using test data from an actual building site. The contributions of the basement sidewalls and foundation slabs to floor vibration and the influence of infill material properties are investigated. Lastly, a composite isolation layer was suggested to provide both sufficient restraining effects to the building foundation and satisfactory vibration isolation. The analyses confirmed that the proposed IBF method reduces ground‐borne vibration in high‐rise buildings by up to 66% when railway is on the ground.
Cadmium transcriptionally regulates Scd1 expression in silver pomfret
Authors: Shi Peng , Meng Ran , Liao Kai , Li Shuang , Hu Jiabao , Xu Jilin , Zhang Lin , Cao Jiayi , Ran Zhaoshou , Wang Danli , Xu Shanliang , Wang Yajun , Yan Xiaojun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is one of the major contaminants in aquatic ecosystem. Stearoyl‐coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1) has been implicated in adaptive responses to environmental stressors. The objectives of this study are (a) to characterize scd1 mRNA from silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus); (b) to investigate the expression and activity of Scd1 in silver pomfret exposed to Cd; and (c) to investigate how Cd modifies scd1 gene transcription in silver pomfret. Results indicated that Scd1 was generally conserved across fish species and scd1 mRNA level was higher by far in the brain and liver, followed by the kidney and intestine. Exposure to Cd led to significant changes of the expression and activity of Scd1 in in the liver and intestine. The liver mRNA abundance of scd1 was significantly lower in the Cd‐treated groups than in the control group. The 10 days treatment with 1 mg/L Cd significantly upregulated the intestinal scd1 mRNA level, an approximately 9‐fold higher in the 1 mg/L Cd‐treated group as compared with the control group. Accordingly, Scd1 activity indices (18:1n‐9/18:0) in the liver were significantly decreased in the 0.5 mg/L group compared with the control group, while Scd1 activity indices in the intestine were significantly increased in the 1 mg/L group compared with the control group. Moreover, overexpression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (Srebp1) and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (Pparγ )in HEK 293T cells produced a 2‐fold increment in the activity of the scd1 promoter. Furthermore, srebp1 had a similar expression pattern to scd1 in the liver and intestine of silver pomfret exposed to Cd. These results indicated that Cd could regulate scd1 expression, possibly through the transcriptional factor Srebp1.
Synthesis of a novel Fe–Mn binary oxide‐modified lava adsorbent and its effect on ammonium removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhao Ziyi , He Shuang , Li Fayong , Jin Yingbing , Khan Sangar , Liu Feng , Liang Xinqiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAmmonium is strongly related to eutrophication and a key control of eutrophication in aquatic systems, especially in agricultural runoff. In this study, a novel Fe–Mn binary oxide‐modified lava (FMML) granular adsorbent was synthesized for ammonium removal from aqueous solutions by co‐precipitation method. The kinetic data were described by pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model well and intraparticle diffusion had effects on ammonium adsorption. For pH between 4.0 and 10.0, the adsorption efficiency was >80%, and its optimum was recorded at pH 7.0. FMML exhibited strong ammonium adsorption selectivity under the single presence of cations like Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. The optimum adsorbent dose and particle size were 4 g/L and 3–5 mm, respectively, for an aqueous solution containing 10 mg/L of ammonium under normal conditions (298 K and pH 7.0). Furthermore, the adsorption process was endothermic, following both the Langmuir (R2 > 0.98) and Freundlich (R2 > 0.96) models. Compared with other adsorbents, the FMML can be prepared following a simpler protocol. After 30 times of adsorption–regeneration cycle, the FMML also had a relatively high ammonium adsorption capacity; hence, we see it as a prospective adsorbent for ammonium adsorption from aqueous solutions.Practitioner points

Fe–Mn binary oxide‐modified lava with Fe/Mn ratio 3:1 was prepared using co‐precipitation method.

Adsorption maximum of modified lava was 20.8 mg/g (298 K and pH 7.0).

Adsorption was sensitive to changes in adsorbent dose, particle size, and pH.

Inorganic cations decreased ammonium adsorption in order of Na+ > K+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+.

Mechanisms for ammonium removal by FMML include diffusion, electrostatic attraction, oxidation, and complexation reaction.
Development of a high‐temperature superconducting magnet for use in a cryogen‐free electron beam ion trap
Authors: Tamai Toshihiro , Sakaue Hiroyuki A. , Terazaki Yoshiro , Yanagi Nagato , Nakamura Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2019

We present a design and test results of a high‐temperature superconducting magnet, which is under development for use in a new cryogen‐free electron beam ion trap. The magnet is designed to provide a magnetic field as high as about 3 T with a combination of six double‐pancake coils. In order to achieve such a high field, the critical current is increased by cooling the magnet down to 20 K with a refrigerator. Before the full development, a single‐pancake coil has been produced and tested.
Exploring Multiple Contexts and Shared Perspectives of Leadership Educators
Authors: GuramatunhuCooper Nyasha M. , McElravy L. J. , Hall Sadhana , Harvey Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThrough short narratives, this chapter explores how personal factors, environmental factors, and significant life choices have shaped the teaching and scholarly perspectives of four collegiate leadership educators in the United States and invites others to reflect on how their purpose and impact in leadership education have been similarly shaped.
Weigh and see—Body mass recordings versus body condition scoring in European zoo elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus)
Authors: Schiffmann Christian , Clauss Marcus , Hoby Stefan , Hatt Jean‐Michel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRegular body mass (BM) monitoring plays a key role in preventative health care of zoo animals. In some species, including African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), the process of weighing can be challenging, and alternative methods such as visual body condition scoring (BCS) have been developed. We investigated the temporal development of both parameters regarding correlation patterns between them, and their suitability as monitoring measures in dependence of an elephant's life stage. While BM is more suitable in calves and juveniles under the age of 8 years, both BM and BCS are considered equally reliable in adult elephants. In elephants over the age of 40 years, BCS might be more suitable for assessing the physical status. Independent of species and sex, juvenile zoo elephants grow in BM nearly linearly with age, and reach a higher BM at an earlier age compared with conspecifics of free‐ranging and semi‐captive populations in the countries of origin. The BCS typically remains constant during this life stage, seemingly unaffected by growth. In adult animals, breeding females have a lower BM and BCS than nonbreeders, and BM and BCS typically indicate fluctuations in the same direction. In geriatric elephants (>40 years) a drop in BCS occurs commonly, while BM may even increase in this life stage. We recommend regular body mass recording in zoo elephants to enhance our knowledge of body mass development and allow the formulation of objective practical recommendations. BCS presents a valuable and simple tool for complementary monitoring of an elephant's condition, especially in adult and geriatric individuals.
Envisioning the Dutch Imperial Nation-State in the Age of Revolutions
Authors: Koekkoek René 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter examines the neglected debates about the future political architecture of the Dutch empire in the late eighteenth-century Batavian Revolution. Koekkoek shows that it was in the turbulent context of Atlantic imperial revolutions, international warfare, and French Saint-Domingue’s massive slave revolt, that Batavian revolutionaries transformed the company-ruled empire into a state-ruled colonial empire. Informed by ideals of the new nation-state’s ‘unity and indivisibility’ but severely checked by an unpredictable geopolitical reality, Batavian revolutionaries had to negotiate their imperial ideals. The ideal of a constitutionally unified empire of equal citizens was qualified from the beginning and soon abandoned. Yet Batavian revolutionaries laid the conceptual and constitutional foundations of the state’s imperial sovereignty, although the immediate impact on actual colonial practices was initially limited.
Internet of Things
Authors: Granell Carlos , Kamilaris Andreas , Kotsev Alexander , Ostermann Frank O. , Trilles Sergio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Digital Earth was born with the aim of replicating the real world within the digital world. Many efforts have been made to observe and sense the Earth, both from space (remote sensing) and by using in situ sensors. Focusing on the latter, advances in Digital Earth have established vital bridges to exploit these sensors and their networks by taking location as a key element. The current era of connectivity envisions that everything is connected to everything. The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) emerged as a holistic proposal to enable an ecosystem of varied, heterogeneous networked objects and devices to speak to and interact with each other. To make the IoT ecosystem a reality, it is necessary to understand the electronic components, communication protocols, real-time analysis techniques, and the location of the objects and devices. The IoT ecosystem and the Digital Earth (DE) jointly form interrelated infrastructures for addressing today’s pressing issues and complex challenges. In this chapter, we explore the synergies and frictions in establishing an efficient and permanent collaboration between the two infrastructures, in order to adequately address multidisciplinary and increasingly complex real-world problems. Although there are still some pending issues, the identified synergies generate optimism for a true collaboration between the Internet of Things and the Digital Earth.
Digital City: An Urban Perspective on Digital Earth
Authors: Jackson Davina , Simpson Richard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDigital Earth and many other satellite and semiconductor-enabled cartography advances imply the need for a globally useful schema for more scientific and eco-ethical management of cities. How should we plan an internationally cohesive and locally effective system for understanding and managing urban stocks and flows around our planet? The answer to this question depends on new systems for managing geodata to underpin increasingly automated systems for evidence-based decision making. The current concept of Digital Earth as a “self-aware nervous system” is being advanced by urban proto-projects that are supported or followed by globally applicable initiatives including Singapore’s new Geospatial Masterplan, the International Standards Organization’s City Standards, Denmark’s Open Public Life Data Protocol, and the City-GML data model. These recent ventures are progressing a movement that extends far beyond the 1990s concepts of “smart cities” enabled by wireless telecommunications. In the Digital Earth science paradigm, cities must simulate their key situations and scenarios and analyze Earth observation data obtained via satellite-enabled devices that remotely detect and interpret all the light and radio waves of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Citizen Science in Support of Digital Earth
Authors: Brovelli Maria Antonia , Ponti Marisa , Schade Sven , Solís Patricia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Citizen science can be thought of as a tremendous catalyst for making Digital Earth a participation model of our world. This chapter presents a wide overview of the concept and practice of citizen science in terms of the technologies and social impact. Definitions of citizen science and various existing approaches to citizen involvement are described, from simple contributions to projects proposed by someone else to the design and planning of science as a bottom-up process. To illustrate these concepts, the relevant example of OpenStreetMap is described in detail, and other examples are mentioned and briefly discussed. Social innovation connected with citizen science is focused on to highlight different levels of direct citizen contributions to scientific research and indirect effects on academia, and studies driven by new questions that may support responsible research and innovation (RRI), governments and public administration in making better informed decisions. Despite its growth and success in relatively few years, citizen science has not fully overcome a number of persistent challenges related to quality, equity, inclusion, and governance. These themes and related complex facets are discussed in detail in the last section of the chapter.
Digital Earth in China
Authors: Bi Jiantao , Liu Yongwei , Li Ainong , Chen Min , Yang Ruixia , Cai Wenwen , Hong Yang , Wu Bingfang , Wang Cheng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the promotion of economic digitalization as an important force driving the realization of development through innovation, countries around the world have made forward-looking arrangements in frontier technology research and development, open data for sharing, privacy security protection, and personnel training. China also attaches great importance to the development of Digital Earth technologies and applications. In this chapter, we introduce the development of Digital Earth in China in recent years and provide readers a broad overview of Digital Earth technologies and applications in China.
Satellite Navigation for Digital Earth
Authors: Shi Chuang , Wei Na 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGlobal navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) have been widely used in navigation, positioning, and timing. China’s BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) would reach full operational capability with 24 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), 3 Geosynchronous Equatorial Orbit (GEO) and 3 Inclined Geosynchronous Satellite Orbit (IGSO) satellites by 2020 and would be an important technology for the construction of Digital Earth. This chapter overviews the system structure, signals and service performance of BDS, Global Positioning System (GPS), Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) and Galileo Navigation Satellite System (Galileo) system. Using a single GNSS, positions with an error of ~ 10 m can be obtained. To enhance the positioning accuracy, various differential techniques have been developed, and GNSS augmentation systems have been established. The typical augmentation systems, e.g., the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), the global differential GPS (GDGPS) system, are introduced in detail. The applications of GNSS technology and augmentation systems for space-time geodetic datum, high-precision positioning and location-based services (LBS) are summarized, providing a reference for GNSS engineers and users.