bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed filling under different temperatures improves the seed vigor of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) via starch accumulation and structure
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Zheng Huabin , Tang Qiyuan , Chen Qimin , Mo Wenwei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeed filling is crucial for seed vigor and starch accumulation and structure. Differences in hybrid rice seed vigor were evaluated in field experiments, conducted across two sites in 2017 and 2018, under different seed filling temperatures along with the underlying mechanisms related to the seed filling characteristics and starch accumulation and structure. Significant differences in the seed vigor parameters were revealed, with different seed filling characteristics observed under different temperatures. When averaged across cultivars, the seeds with a low seed filling rate and long seed filling duration obsessed 11.9% higher germination percentage (GP) and 22.7% higher vigor index (VI) than those with a high seed filling rate and short seed filling duration. Moreover, a high seed filling rate and short seed filling duration significantly decreased the total starch and amylose contents and increased the amylopectin content. Additionally, when averaged across cultivars, the relative crystallinity and starch granule diameter obtained with a high seed filling rate and short seed filling duration were 3.8% and 15.1% higher, respectively, than those with a low seed filling rate and long seed filling duration. In summary, it can be speculated that seed filling characteristics determine hybrid rice seed vigor by affecting starch accumulation and structure.
The association between oxidative stress and corneal hysteresis in patients with glaucoma
Authors: Uchida Keiko , Himori Noriko , Hashimoto Kazuki , Shiga Yukihiro , Tsuda Satoru , Omodaka Kazuko , Nakazawa Toru 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSystemic antioxidative status has been implicated in glaucoma pathogenesis. Additionally, corneal hysteresis (CH) may contribute to glaucoma progression. Here, we evaluated the relationship between biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and CH. This study included 103 patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). We used a free radical analyzer to measure BAP, and an ocular response analyzer to measure CH and corneal resistance factor (CRF). We evaluated the relationship between systemic oxidative stress and other clinical parameters with Spearman’s rank correlation test and a multi-regression analysis. BAP was not correlated to either CH or CRF in the male or female OAG patients. BAP was correlated to both CH and CRF in the female OAG patients older than 57 years (r = 0.51, P = 0.003; r = 0.49, P = 0.004), but uncorrelated in the female OAG patients younger than 57 years. Multiple regression analysis revealed that BAP independently contributed to CH (P = 0.025) and CRF (P = 0.015) in the older female OAG patients. Systemic oxidative stress may significantly affect the viscoelasticity of the cornea in older female OAG patients. Future studies are needed to confirm that low systemic antioxidative status and low corneal hysteresis contribute to glaucoma pathogenesis.
An implantable system for long-term assessment of atrial fibrillation substrate in unanesthetized rats exposed to underlying pathological conditions
Authors: Klapper-Goldstein Hadar , Murninkas Michael , Gillis Roni , Mulla Wesam , Levanon Eran , Elyagon Sigal , Schuster Ronen , Danan Dor , Cohen Hagit , Etzion Yoram 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a progressive arrhythmia with underlying mechanisms that are not fully elucidated, partially due to lack of reliable and affordable animal models. Here, we introduce a system for long-term assessment of AF susceptibility (substrate) in ambulatory rats implanted with miniature electrodes on the atrium. Rats were subjected to excessive aldosterone (Aldo) or solvent only (Sham). An additional group was exposed to myocardial infarction (MI). AF substrate was tested two- and four-weeks post implantation and was also compared with implanted rats early post-implantation (Base). Aldo and MI increased the AF substrate and atrial fibrosis. In the MI group only, AF duration was correlated with the level of atrial fibrosis and was inversely correlated with systolic function. Unexpectedly, Shams also developed progressive AF substrate relative to Base individuals. Further studies indicated that serum inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-alpha) were not elevated in the shams. In addition, we excluded anxiety\depression due to social-isolation as an AF promoting factor. Finally, enhanced biocompatibility of the atrial electrode did not inhibit the gradual development of AF substrate over a testing period of up to 8 weeks. Overall, we successfully validated the first system for long-term AF substrate testing in ambulatory rats.
Spin accumulation in photo-induced potential dimples generated in semiconductors
Authors: Sanada H. , Stramma A. M. , Kunihashi Y. , Tanaka Y. , Gotoh H. , Onomitsu K. , Tagarelli F. , Kohda M. , Nitta J. , Sogawa T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConventional ways of confining charges in semiconductors employ advanced lithographic and crystal-growth techniques. The construction of micro/nano-scale structures is also essential for manipulating spins. However, existing techniques are not always flexible enough to control spins in appropriate positions and timings. Here we report an alternative mechanism, which enables us to design temporal and reconfigurable low-dimensional potentials. The formation of photo-induced potential dimples is deduced from time and spatially-resolved Kerr rotation measurements performed on a GaAs quantum well. Two-dimensional images of spin distributions reveal that the photo-injected electron spins in a small area illuminated by a pump light survive for a time that is two orders of magnitude longer than typical recombination lifetimes. The Kerr rotation dependence on the pump laser conditions implies that the temporally generated dimple-shaped potential profile induced by remote charges effectively confines the electrons and enhances the spin lifetime determined by fluctuating spin-orbit effective magnetic fields.
Improved tight and effective two‐binary‐variable formulations for UC problems
Authors: Yang Linfeng , Fang Beihua , Zhang Chen , Li Wei 
Published: January 2020

This study presents two mixed‐integer programmings formulations for the unit commitment (UC) problem. First, the authors proposed a variable upper bound‐based UC formulation, which is simultaneously tight and compact. Moreover, the tighter and relatively compact multi‐period formulation is also presented. Both formulations (‘Multi_New’ and ‘Mult’) are tighter than the previous 2‐bin (Base) and the tighter characteristic largely reduces the computational time of the formulations. Compared to the ‘Base’ formulation, the proposed formulations reduced by at least 6.6%, even 42.1% in the average time of calculation. The proposed models were tested on 73 instances over a scheduling period of 24 and 48 h. Compared to the ‘Base’ formulation, the initial Gap of ‘New’ formulation is improved by at least 8.4%. Moreover, compared to ‘Multi’ formulation, the compactness of ‘Multi_New’ formulation is improved by at least 33%. In addition, the numeric experiments show dramatic improvements in computational time for their proposed models. They provide evidence that the proposed models have better performance than the previous models.
MCMCI: A code to fully characterise an exoplanetary system
Authors: Bonfanti A. , Gillon M. 
Published: January 2020

Context.Useful information can be retrieved by analysing the transit light curve of a planet-hosting star or induced radial velocity oscillations. However, inferring the physical parameters of the planet, such as mass, size, and semi-major axis, requires preliminary knowledge of some parameters of the host star, especially its mass or radius, which are generally inferred through theoretical evolutionary models.Aims.We seek to present and test a whole algorithm devoted to the complete characterisation of an exoplanetary system thanks to the global analysis of photometric or radial velocity time series combined with observational stellar parameters derived either from spectroscopy or photometry.Methods.We developed an integrated tool called MCMCI. This tool combines the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach of analysing photometric or radial velocity time series with a proper interpolation within stellar evolutionary isochrones and tracks, known as isochrone placement, to be performed at each chain step, to retrieve stellar theoretical parameters such as age, mass, and radius.Results.We tested the MCMCI on the HD 219134 multi-planetary system hosting two transiting rocky super Earths and on WASP-4, which hosts a bloated hot Jupiter. Even considering different input approaches, a final convergence was reached within the code, we found good agreement with the results already stated in the literature and we obtained more precise output parameters, especially concerning planetary masses.Conclusions.The MCMCI tool offers the opportunity to perform an integrated analysis of an exoplanetary system without splitting it into the preliminary stellar characterisation through theoretical models. Rather this approach favours a close interaction between light curve analysis and isochrones, so that the parameters recovered at each step of the MCMC enter as inputs for purposes of isochrone placement.
Ionized gas kinematics of massive elliptical galaxies in CALIFA and in cosmological zoom-in simulations
Authors: Florian Jan , Ziegler Bodo , Hirschmann Michaela , Papaderos Polychronis , Choi Ena , Frigo Matteo , Gomes Jean-Michel , Somerville Rachel S. 
Published: January 2020

Context.Powerful active galactic nuclei (AGN) are supposed to play a key regulatory role on the evolution of their host galaxies by shaping the thermodynamic properties of their gas component. However, little is known as to the nature and the visibility timescale of the kinematical imprints of AGN-driven feedback. Gaining theoretical and observational insights into this subject is indispensable for a thorough understanding of the AGN-galaxy coevolution and could yield empirical diagnostics for the identification of galaxies that have experienced a major AGN episode in the past.Aims.We present an investigation of kinematical imprints of AGN feedback on the warm ionized gas medium (WIM) of massive early-type galaxies (ETGs). To this end, we take a two-fold approach that involves a comparative analysis of Hαvelocity fields in 123 local ETGs from the CALIFA (Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey) integral field spectroscopy survey with 20 simulated galaxies from high-resolution hydrodynamic cosmological SPHgal simulations. The latter were resimulated for two modeling setups, one with and another without AGN feedback.Methods.In order to quantify the effects of AGN feedback on gas kinematics, we measured three parameters that probe deviations from simple regular rotation by using the kinemetry package. These indicators trace the possible presence of distinct kinematic components in Fourier space (k3, 5/k1), variations in the radial profile of the kinematic major axis (σPA), and offsets between the stellar and gas velocity fields (Δϕ). These quantities were monitored in the simulations from a redshift 3 to 0.2 to assess the connection between black hole accretion history, stellar mass growth, and the kinematical perturbation of the WIM.Results.Observed local massive galaxies show a broad range of irregularities, indicating disturbed warm gas motions, which is irrespective of being classified via diagnostic lines as AGN or not. Simulations of massive galaxies with AGN feedback generally exhibit higher irregularity parameters than without AGN feedback, which is more consistent with observations. Besides AGN feedback, other processes like major merger events or infalling gas clouds can lead to elevated irregularity parameters, but they are typically of shorter duration. More specifically,k3, 5/k1is most sensitive to AGN feedback, whereas Δϕis most strongly affected by gas infall.Conclusions.We conclude that even if the general disturbance of the WIM velocity is not a unique indicator for AGN feedback, irregularity parameters that are high enough to be consistent with observations can only be reproduced in simulations with AGN feedback. Specifically, an elevated value for the deviation from simple ordered motion is a strong sign for previous events of AGN activity and feedback.
HD 117214 debris disk: scattered-light images and constraints on the presence of planets
Authors: Engler N. , Lazzoni C. , Gratton R. , Milli J. , Schmid H. M. , Chauvin G. , Kral Q. , Pawellek N. , Thébault P. , Boccaletti A. , Bonnefoy M. , Brown S. , Buey T. , Cantalloube F. , Carle M. , Cheetham A. , Desidera S. , Feldt M. , Ginski C. , Gisler D. , Henning Th. , Hunziker S. , Lagrange A. M. , Langlois M. , Mesa D. , Meyer M. R. , Moeller-Nilsson O. , Olofsson J. , Petit C. , Petrus S. , Quanz S. P. , Rickman E. , Stadler E. , Stolker T. , Vigan A. , Wildi F. , Zurlo A. 
Published: January 2020

Context. Young stars with debris disks are the most promising targets for an exoplanet search because debris indicate a successful formation of planetary bodies. Debris disks can be shaped by planets into ring structures that give valuable indications on the presence and location of planets in the disk.
Aims. We performed observations of the Sco-Cen F star HD 117214 to search for planetary companions and to characterize the debris disk structure.
Methods. HD 117214 was observed with the SPHERE subsystems IRDIS, IFS, and ZIMPOL at optical and near-IR wavelengths using angular and polarimetric differential imaging techniques. This provided the first images of scattered light from the debris disk with the highest spatial resolution of 25 mas and an inner working angle <0.1″. With the observations with IRDIS and IFS we derived detection limits for substellar companions. The geometrical parameters of the detected disk were constrained by fitting 3D models for the scattering of an optically thin dust disk. Investigating the possible origin of the disk gap, we introduced putative planets therein and modeled the planet–disk and planet–planet dynamical interactions. The obtained planetary architectures were compared with the detection limit curves.
Results. The debris disk has an axisymmetric ring structure with a radius of 0.42(±0.01)″ or ~45 au and an inclination of 71(±2.5)° and exhibits a 0.4″ (~40 au) wide inner cavity. From the polarimetric data, we derive a polarized flux contrast for the disk of (Fpol)disk/F∗ = (3.1 ± 1.2) × 10−4 in the RI band.
Conclusions. The fractional scattered polarized flux of the disk is eight times lower than the fractional IR flux excess. This ratio is similar to the one obtained for the debris disk HIP 79977, indicating that dust radiation properties are similar for these two disks. Inside the disk cavity we achieve high-sensitivity limits on planetary companions with a mass down to ~4 MJ at projected radial separations between 0.2″ and 0.4″. We can exclude stellar companions at a radial separation larger than 75 mas from the star.
Peculiar emission line spectra of core extremely red BOSS quasars at z∼2–3: orientation and/or evolution?
Authors: Villar Martín M. , Perna M. , Humphrey A. , Castro Rodríguez N. , Binette L. , Pérez González P. G. , Mateos S. , Cabrera Lavers A. 
Published: January 2020

Context. Core extremely red quasars (core ERQ) have been proposed to represent an intermediate evolutionary phase in which a heavily obscured quasar blows out the circumnuclear interstellar medium with very energetic outflows before it becomes an optical quasar.
Aims. We investigate whether the properties of core ERQ fit the AGN orientation-based unification scenario.
Methods. We revised the general UV and optical emission line properties of core ERQ in the context of the orientation-based scenario. We used diagnostic diagrams based on UV emission line ratios and UV-to-optical line kinematic information to compare the physical and kinematic gas properties of core ERQ with those of other luminous narrow- and broad-line AGN. In particular, we provide a revised comparison of the [OIII] kinematics in 21 core ERQ (20 from Perrotta et al. 2019, MNRAS, 488, 4126 and SDSS J171420.38+414815.7, based on GTC EMIR near-infrared spectroscopy) with other samples of quasars with matching luminosity with the aim of evaluating whether core ERQ host the most extreme [OIII] outflows.
Results. The UV line ratios suggest that the physical properties (e.g., density and metallicity) of the ionised gas in core ERQ are similar to those observed in the broad-line region of blue nitrogen-loud quasars. The [OIII] outflow velocities of core ERQ are on average consistent with those of very luminous blue type 1 quasars, although extreme outflows are much more frequent in core ERQ. These similarities can be explained in the context of the AGN unification model under the assumption that core ERQ are viewed with an intermediate orientation between type 2 (edge-on) and type 1 (face-on) quasars.
Conclusions. We propose that core ERQ are very luminous but otherwise normal quasars viewed at an intermediate orientation. This orientation allows a direct view of the outer part of the large broad-line region from which core ERQ UV line emission originates; the extreme [OIII] outflow velocities are instead a consequence of the very high luminosity of core ERQ.
Using PC indices to predict violent GIC events threatening power grids
Authors: Stauning Peter 
Published: January 2020

The aim of the present contribution is to investigate the timing relations between enhancements in the Polar Cap (PC) indices and power grid disturbances related to geomagnetically induced currents (GIC). The polar cap indices, PCN (North) and PCS (South), are based on measurements of geomagnetic variations in the central polar caps. These variations are strongly related to the transpolar convection of plasma and magnetic fields driven by the solar wind. During cases of enhanced merging processes at the front of the magnetosphere and subsequent tailward convection of plasma and embedded magnetic fields, the magnetospheric tail configuration may accumulate excess energy, which upon release may cause violent substorm activity. Earlier reports have disclosed remarkably lengthy intervals, ranging up to several hours, of elevated PC index values preceding GIC-related power grid disruptions. The present investigation has shown that the delays of typically 3–4 h between increases in the PC indices and GIC-related power grid disturbances are related to displacements of the substorm processes responsible for strong GIC events to subauroral latitudes where vulnerable power grids reside. The results have shown that PC index values remaining above an “alert level” of 10 mV/m through more than 1 h indicate a high risk for violent GIC events that may threaten power grids and other vulnerable technical systems. These results support the application of real-time PC indices in space weather monitoring and forecast services.
Wenn Helfer Hilfe brauchen
Authors: Koch Sebastian 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungWenn irgendwo auf der Welt eine Epidemie ausbricht und viele Menschen erkranken, ist internationales Eingreifen von Hilfskräften nötig, darunter auch Ärzte und Pflegekräfte. Doch was geschieht, wenn diese Helfer sich selbst anstecken?
Schmerzhafte artifizielle Ekchymosen an Hals und Gesicht
Authors: Markovic A. , Simon J. C. , Kirsten H. L. , Kunz M. 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungEs wird über den Fall einer 13-jährigen Patientin mit neu aufgetretenen, auf Druck schmerzhaften Hautveränderungen beidseits am Hals und im Gesicht berichtet. Auf Nachfrage traten die Effloreszenzen episodisch im Rahmen von Stresssituationen auf. Im Verlauf kam es zu einer Spontanheilung mit Narbenbildung und mehreren Rezidiven. Nach erfolgter Probebiopsie wurde ein Gardner-Diamond-Syndrom ausgeschlossen und der Verdacht auf selbstinduzierte Hautläsionen geäußert.
Beurteilung und Nutzung der 2016 reformierten Psychotherapierichtlinie
Authors: Bangeow Petjo , Rapp Michael A. 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Dieser Artikel untersucht, inwiefern sich die 2016 reformierte Richtlinie im Stadt-Land- sowie im Ost-West-Vergleich auf die ambulante psychotherapeutische Arbeit und Versorgung auswirkt.
Methodik Eine Onlineumfrage unter vertragsärztlich tätigen TherapeutInnen wurde durchgeführt. Die Fragen bezogen sich auf verschiedene Neuerungen in der Richtlinie.
Ergebnisse Unabhängig von der Region schätzten die Befragten ein, dass die Reform zu keiner verbesserten Versorgung führte.Im Westen und in der Stadt tätige TherapeutInnen verwiesen PatientInnen nach der Sprechstunde öfter an andere Psychotherapiepraxen, im Osten und auf dem Land tätige hingegen öfter auf andere Hilfeangebote.
Schlussfolgerung Stärkere Anreize für die psychotherapeutische Tätigkeit auf dem Land sind zu schaffen. Abbaumaßnahmen der Ost-West-Ungleichheiten in der Versorgungsdichte scheinen nötig.
Medikolegale Aspekte des präklinischen Managements von „akuten Aortensyndromen“
Authors: Kurz Stephan D. , Falk Volkmar , Buschmann Claas T. , Peters Mike 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungAkute Aortensyndrome sind in der Versorgung äußerst zeitkritische Ereignisse, die letztendlich nur in einer hoch spezialisierten medizinischen Einrichtung definitiv versorgt werden können. Um Leben und Gesundheit der Notfallpatienten zu erhalten, steht der schnellstmögliche Transport unter Inanspruchnahme von Sonderrechten mit dem nächsten geeigneten Rettungsmittel im Vordergrund. Die Disposition eines erst später verfügbaren Intensivtransportwagens ist aus medizinrechtlicher Sicht als höchst bedenklich anzusehen.