bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint speaker localization and array calibration using expectation-maximization
Authors: Dorfan Yuval , Schwartz Ofer , Gannot Sharon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAd hoc acoustic networks comprising multiple nodes, each of which consists of several microphones, are addressed. From the ad hoc nature of the node constellation, microphone positions are unknown. Hence, typical tasks, such as localization, tracking, and beamforming, cannot be directly applied. To tackle this challenging joint multiple speaker localization and array calibration task, we propose a novel variant of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The coordinates of multiple arrays relative to an anchor array are blindly estimated using naturally uttered speech signals of multiple concurrent speakers. The speakers’ locations, relative to the anchor array, are also estimated. The inter-distances of the microphones in each array, as well their orientations, are assumed known, which is a reasonable assumption for many modern mobile devices (in outdoor and in a several indoor scenarios). The well-known initialization problem of the batch EM algorithm is circumvented by an incremental procedure, also derived here. The proposed algorithm is tested by an extensive simulation study.
Variation in breeding practices and geographic isolation drive subpopulation differentiation, contributing to the loss of genetic diversity within dog breed lineages
Authors: Lampi Sara , Donner Jonas , Anderson Heidi , Pohjoismäki Jaakko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiscrete breed ideals are not restricted to delimiting dog breeds from another, but also are key drivers of subpopulation differentiation. As genetic differentiation due to population fragmentation results in increased rates of inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity, detecting and alleviating the reasons of population fragmentation can provide effective tools for the maintenance of healthy dog breeds.ResultsUsing a genome-wide SNP array, we detected genetic differentiation to subpopulations in six breeds, Belgian Shepherd, English Greyhound, Finnish Lapphund, Italian Greyhound, Labrador Retriever and Shetland Sheepdog, either due to geographical isolation or as a result of differential breeding strategies. The subpopulation differentiation was strongest in show dog lineages.ConclusionsBesides geographical differentiation caused by founder effect and lack of gene flow, selection on champion looks or restricted pedigrees is a strong driver of population fragmentation. Artificial barriers for gene flow between the different subpopulations should be recognized, their necessity evaluated critically and perhaps abolished in order to maintain genetic diversity within a breed. Subpopulation differentiation might also result in false positive signals in genome-wide association studies of different traits.Lay summaryPurebred dogs are, by definition, reproductively isolated from other breeds. However, similar isolation can also occur within a breed due to conflicting breeder ideals and geographic distances between the dog populations. We show here that both of these examples can contribute to breed division, with subsequent loss of genetic variation in the resulting breed lineages. Breeders should avoid creating unnecessary boundaries between breed lineages and facilitate the exchange of dogs between countries.
Dynamics of dead wood decay in Swiss forests
Authors: Hararuk Oleksandra , Kurz Werner A. , Didion Markus 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Forests are an important component of the global carbon (C) cycle and can be net sources or sinks of CO2, thus mitigating or exacerbating the effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. While forest productivity is often inferred from national-scale yield tables or from satellite products, forest C emissions resulting from dead organic matter decay are usually simulated, therefore it is important to ensure the accuracy and reliability of a model used to simulate organic matter decay at an appropriate scale. National Forest Inventories (NFIs) provide a record of carbon pools in ecosystem components, and these measurements are essential for evaluating rates and controls of C dynamics in forest ecosystems. In this study we combine the observations from the Swiss NFIs and machine learning techniques to quantify the decay rates of the standing snags and downed logs and identify the main controls of dead wood decay.

Results
We found that wood decay rate was affected by tree species, temperature, and precipitation. Dead wood originating from Fagus sylvatica decayed the fastest, with the residence times ranging from 27 to 54 years at the warmest and coldest Swiss sites, respectively. Hardwoods at wetter sites tended to decompose faster compared to hardwoods at drier sites, with residence times 45–92 and 62–95 years for the wetter and drier sites, respectively. Dead wood originating from softwood species had the longest residence times ranging from 58 to 191 years at wetter sites and from 78 to 286 years at drier sites.

Conclusions
This study illustrates how long-term dead wood observations collected and remeasured during several NFI campaigns can be used to estimate dead wood decay parameters, as well as gain understanding about controls of dead wood dynamics. The wood decay parameters quantified in this study can be used in carbon budget models to simulate the decay dynamics of dead wood, however more measurements (e.g. of soil C dynamics at the same plots) are needed to estimate what fraction of dead wood is converted to CO2, and what fraction is incorporated into soil.
Role of different imaging modalities in the evaluation of normal and diseased thymus
Authors: Hussein S. A. , Sabri Y. Y. , Fouad M. A. , Al-Zawam H. H. , Mohamed N. M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The appearance of the thymus on imaging studies showed great variability. Thymus imaging is a great challenge. This cross-sectional prospective study investigated the diagnostic value of different imaging modalities in the evaluation of normal and diseased thymus. Chest X-ray was done as a primary survey. Chest computed tomography (CT) was done for 82 patients, chest magnetic resonant imaging (MRI) was done for 40 patients, and 18 flurodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography (18 FDG-PET) was done for 2 patients. Ultrasonography (US) of the anterior mediastinum was done for 2 pediatric patients. Histopathological assessment was done for all cases with diseased thymus.

Results
The study included 158 patients divided into 2 groups: group A, 79 patients with normal thymus for age and group B, 79 patients with thymic lesions detected by one or more of the used modalities. The large-sized thymus was in 79 patients, who were subcategorized to patients with myasthenia gravis (12 patients) and patients with mediastinal masses (67 patients). Imaging findings in normal and diseased thymus gland were compared and lesion analysis by various modalities displayed with histopathological correlation.

Conclusion
There are different imaging modalities for thymus gland evaluation. CT is beneficial for primary assessment giving the morphology and density, and MRI is the imaging modality of choice in diseased thymus owing to functional assessment of the gland; however, X-ray may be helpful as a primary survey tool before CT and MRI. Chest ultrasound could be a suitable primary assessment tool in pediatrics before MRI because it is an easy bedside test.
Electroconvulsive therapy for severe depression, psychosis and chorea in a patient with Huntington's disease: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mowafi Walied , Millard Jon 
Published: June 2020

Aims and methodThe psychiatric manifestations of Huntington's disease are myriad and difficult to control. The use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is not commonly considered for this condition. We describe a patient with severe depression, psychomotor retardation, delusions and weight loss who responded to ECT with good control of her symptoms.ResultsBoth our case and the literature appear to confirm the efficacy of ECT in the treatment of depression in Huntington's disease and suggest that other psychiatric manifestations of Huntington's are also responsive.Clinical implicationsECT is an effective and safe treatment that should be considered earlier in the course of the disease in cases that show limited response to pharmacological therapy. It should also be considered as an adjunct to medical therapy that may simplify polypharmacy and allow better control in patients with debilitating psychiatric manifestations of the disease. There is limited and conflicting evidence for its efficacy in chorea.
Remission of Type 2 Diabetes Following a Short-term Intervention With Insulin Glargine, Metformin, and Dapagliflozin
Authors: McInnes Natalia , Hall Stephanie , Sultan Farah , Aronson Ronnie , Hramiak Irene , Harris Stewart , Sigal Ronald J , Woo Vincent , Liu Yan Yun , Gerstein Hertzel C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
To examine diabetes remission following a short-term intensive metabolic intervention combining lifestyle and glucose-lowering approaches.

Methods
We conducted an open-label, randomized controlled trial in 154 patients with type 2 diabetes up to 8 years in duration on 0 to 2 glucose-lowering medications. Participants were randomized to (a) a 12-week intensive intervention comprising lifestyle approaches and treatment with insulin glargine, metformin, and dapagliflozin or (b) standard diabetes care. At 12 weeks, diabetes medications were discontinued in participants with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) &lt; 7.3% (56 mmol/mol). Participants were then followed for diabetes relapse until 64 weeks. The primary outcome was complete or partial diabetes remission (HbA1C &lt; 6.5% [48 mmol/mol] off chronic diabetes drugs) at 24 weeks. Main secondary outcomes were complete or partial diabetes remission at 36, 48, and 64 weeks.

Results
The primary outcome was achieved in 19 (24.7%) intervention group participants and 13 (16.9%) control group participants at 24 weeks (relative risk [RR] 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8-2.7). The relative risks of remission at 36, 48, and 64 weeks were 2.4 (95% CI, 1.2-5.0), 2.1 (95% CI, 1.0-4.4), and 1.8 (95% CI, 0.7-4.7), respectively. In an exploratory analysis, the intervention reduced the hazard of diabetes relapse with overt hyperglycemia by 43% (hazard ratio 0.57; 95% CI, 0.39-0.81).

Conclusions
Our primary outcome of diabetes remission at 24 weeks was not statistically significantly different. However, our overall results suggest that some patients with early type 2 diabetes are able to achieve sustained diabetes remission following a short-term intensive intervention. Further studies are needed to optimize the combined therapeutic approach used.
Do Pragmatismo Ao Universalismo: A Mudança De Estratégia Da Política Externa Brasileira Para A América Latina No Governo Figueiredo (1979-1985)
Authors: Morais Pinto da Silva Nathan , Vicente Costa Silva Álvaro 
Published: June 2020

Este artigo busca identificar e qualificar as mudanças da política externa brasileira para a América Latina no governo de João Figueiredo (1979-1985) em relação ao governo de Ernesto Geisel (1974-1979). O artigo é baseado no modelo proposto por Charles Hermann para mudanças em política externa. Serão considerados os quatro níveis graduados de mudança – ajuste, programa, objetivo e orientação internacional – e as quatro fontes de mudança – guiada pelo líder, burocracia, reestruturação doméstica, e choques externos – propostos pelo autor. Testaremos o modelo a partir de uma revisão de literatura que versa sobre as linhas gerais e específicas da política “universalista”. Os dados indicam que ocorreu uma mudança de ajuste nas linhas gerais da política externa, mas, nas relações com a América Latina, houve uma mudança de objetivo. Argumenta-se também que tais mudanças foram impulsionadas pelo processo de redemocratização e gradual substituição do modelo de desenvolvimento econômico; além do impacto de choques externos.Palavras-chave: Política externa brasileira; Mudanças em Política Externa; Governo Figueiredo. ABSTRACTThis paper aims to identify and qualify the changes that occurred in the Brazilian Foreign Policy in João Figueiredo’s presidency (1979-1985) in comparison to Ernesto Geisel’s tenure as president (1979-1985). Our analysis is based upon Charles Hermann’s framework to analyze changes in foreign policy. We consider his four graduated levels of change – adjustment, program, problem/goal, and international orientation – and his four sources of change – leader driven, bureaucratic advocacy, domestic restructuring, and external shocks. We test his framework through a literature revision about the “universalismo” general and specific lines. Our analysis points to adjustment changes in the foreign policy’s general lines, but objective changes towards Latin America. We also argue that the sources of such changes were twofold: the domestic re-democratization process and the gradual replacement of the national economic development strategy; and external shocks impact.Keywords: Brazilian foreign policy; changes in foreign policy; Figueiredo government.
Developing and sustaining nurses' service improvement capability: a phenomenological study
Authors: Craig Lynn , Machin Alison 
Published: June 2020

Background: Service improvement to enhance care quality is a key nursing responsibility and developing sustainable skills and knowledge to become confident, capable service improvement practitioners is important for nurses in order to continually improve practice. How this happens is an under-researched area. Aim: A hermeneutic, longitudinal study in Northern England aimed to better understand the service improvement lived experiences of participants as they progressed from undergraduate adult nursing students to registrants. Method: Twenty year 3 student adult nurses were purposively selected to participate in individual semi-structured interviews just prior to graduation and up to 12 months post-registration. Hermeneutic circle data analysis were used. Findings: Themes identified were service improvement learning in nursing; socialisation in nursing practice; power and powerlessness in the clinical setting; and overcoming service improvement challenges. At the end of the study, participants developed seven positive adaptive behaviours to support their service improvement practice and the ‘model of self-efficacy in service improvement enablement’ was developed. Conclusion: This study provides a model to enable student and registered nurses to develop and sustain service improvement capability.
Peran intellectual capital terhadap market to book value dan return on assets dengan research and development sebagai pemoderasi
Authors: Baskoro Pandu Alvi , Suratno Suratno , Djaddang Syahril 
Published: June 2020

This study aims to support the role of Research and Development on Intellectual Capital on market value (MtBV) and corporate financial performance (ROA). Using the Pulic model - Intellectual Value Coefficient (VAIC), this study examines the relationship between value added (VAIC) of the three main corporate resources (ie Physical Capital, Human Capital and Structural Capital), the company's market value (MtBV) and corporate finance ( ROA), and also Research and Development (R&D). The data is gathered from 43 selected banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017. Data analysis uses multiple regression. The results show that Intellectual Capital (VAIC) does not affect to market value (MtBV), but the compilation of Intellectual Capital (VAIC) developed by Research and Development (R&D) as full moderation can support market value. Intellectual Capital (VAIC) affects financial performance (ROA), as well as Intellectual Capital (VAIC) supported by Research and Development (R & D) as a quasi-moderation which also strengthening the financial performance (ROA).Keyword : Intellectual Capital (IC), Market to Book Value (MtBV), Financial Performance (ROA), Research and Development (R&D).
KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL, MANAJEMEN KONFLIK, DAN TRUST: PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN MUHAMMADIYAH CABANG PRINGSEWU LAMPUNG
Authors: Jauhari Tontowi 
Published: June 2020

Tujuan dari peneltian ini untuk memahami pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional, manajemen konflik, dan trust terhadap efektivitas pengelolaan cabang Muhammadiyah Pringsewu Lampung, sampel dalam penelitian berjumlah 87 pimpinan, sampel diambil dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel probability sampling (random sampling). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan metode survei dan analisis jalur (path analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan transformasional, manajemen konflik dan trust berpengaruh langsung positif terhadap efektivitas pengelolaan cabang Muhammadiyah, serta ditemukan bahwa kepemimpinan transformasional dan manajemen konflik berpengaruh langsung positif terhadap trust. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan perlunya meningkatkan penanganan kepemimpinan transformasional, manajemen konflik, dan trust agar Pimpinan cabang Muhammadiyah Pringsewu Lampung lebih efektif.
DIALEKTIKA DAKWAH DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK PERSPEKTIF UMAR BIN ABDUL AZIZ
Authors: Fikri Husnul 
Published: June 2020

Dinasti Umaiyah selama pemerintahannya memiliki empat belas orang khalifah, salah satu khalifah yang gemilang prestasinya adalah khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz, ia merupakan khalifah ke delapan dalam urutan para khalifah yang memerintah Dinasti Umaiyah. ia sosok pemimpin yang menjadi primadona dalam sejarah Islam, bukan hanya berkat kepemimpinannya menyandang dua peran bersamaan yakni umara dan ulama (aktor dakwah), melainkan kepiawaian ia dalam menggunakan metode dakwah dan menyusun kebijakan yang tepat guna. Tulisan ini mencoba menguraikan metode dakwah dan kebijakan-kebijakan yang ia implementasikan selama menjalankan roda pemerintahan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif melalui riset pustaka, dalam pelaksanaannya di awali dengan mengumpulkan data pustaka, membaca dan menganalisis data yang berkaitan dengan data yang dibutuhkan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode dakwah yang diimplementasikan Umar bin Abdul Aziz adalah metode uswatun hasanah, al-hikmah dan al-mujadalah. Adapun kebijakan yang diterapkan meliputi kebijakan dalam bidang administrasi pemerintahan, ekonomi, hukum dan kebijakan penunjang lainnya
EKSISTENSI ULAMA DALAM PERGULATAN DAKWAH DAN POLITIK DI INDONESIA: STUDI FENOMENOLOGI DALAM ISU SYARA
Authors: Darmawan Candra 
Published: June 2020

Islam tidak menyetujui penyekatan antara agama dan politik. Islam ingin melaksanakan politik selaras dengan tuntunan yang diberikan agama dan menggunakan negara sebagai pelayan Tuhan. Islam menggunakan kekuatan politik untuk mereformasi masyarakat agar tidak terjatuh ke dalam tempat yang paling buruk. Namun Seiring berjalannya waktu Umat Islam mulai menyadari bahwa perjuangan mereka tidak akan berhasil kalau melanjutkan cara-cara tradisional. Oleh karena itu perlu diadakan perubahan perubahan yang walaupun berasal dari pengaruh kolonial sendiri, yaitu berjuang melalui organisasi-organisasi , baik bidang sosial pendidikan ataupun di bidang pergerakan politik. Kehadiran ulama dalam bidang politik seharusnya memiliki dampak positif, dalam pengertian memberikan sumbangan bagi terciptanya bangunan struktur politik yang bermoral, karena ulama adalah simbol moral. Namun ketika Ulama sudah terpolarisasi sedemikian rupa, sehingga sering antara seorang ulama dengan ulama lain saling berhadapan dan membela partainya masing masing. Kondisi ini akan menimbulkan perpecahan dan dampaknya membingungkan rakyat, sehingga akan memperlemah kekuatan umat Islam sendiri yang akhirnya sering di manfaatkan oleh golongan partai lain.
OPTIMALISASI POTENSI ZAKAT: SEBUAH UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN UMMAT
Authors: Bastomi Hasan 
Published: June 2020

Zakat merupakan potensi dan sumber perekonomian masyarakat Islam. Badan Amil Zakat Nasional mencatat, potensi penerimaan zakat di Indonesia pada tahun 2010 mencapai 217 Triliun. Pengelolaan zakat yang optimal akan menjadi potensi dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dapat dilakukan dengan langkah-langkah berikut; (1) Perlu dilakukan terobosan batasan kewajiban zakat yang dipermudah dan diperjelas dengan menggunakan pendekatan pemahaman yang khas Indonesai serta diperlukan keteladanan dari para tokoh. (2) Adanya revolusi cara berpikir dan penyadaran kepada umat bahwa setiap harta yang kita miliki itu ada hak dari para fakir miskin. (3) Zakat berfungsi strategis dalam pemerataan kekayaan, tidak hanya menggunakan pendekatan santunan yang masih lebih fokus pada delapan kelompok. (4) Penyadaran penyalurkan lewat lembaga pengelola yang amanah dan mempunyai program pemberdayaan umat yang jelas. (5) Muzaki, pengelola zakat, dan pengawas mesti jalan beriringan. (6) Dilakukan kontrol dan sistem pelaporan sehingga penggunaan zakat dapat dirasakan umat. (7) Peningkatan sinergi keluarga dengan badan amil zakat yang sudah ada. Kalau persoalan tersebut tuntas, maka potensi besar zakat akan dapat dimaksimalkan. Dengan begitu kesejahteraan umat dan fasilitas umat akan dapat terpenuhi.
MENGELOLA HIBRIDASI IDENTITAS ANAK MUDA ISLAM: STUDI PADA LEMBAGA TERAS DAKWAH DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Triantoro Dony Arung , Saputra Eko , Wahyuni Tri 
Published: June 2020

Berangkat dari fenomena anak-anak muda yang beragam identitasnya berkumpul dalam salah satu forum kajian dakwah di Yogyakarta, tulisan ini mencoba menelisik tentang bagaimana hibridasi identitas keislaman anak-anak muda itu dikelola dalam gerakan dakwah tertentu. Untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang komprehensif terkait permasalahan tersebut, artikel ini mengambil studi kasus pada lembaga Teras Dakwah di Yogyakarta yang secara masif menggelar kajian-kajian dakwah di kalangan anak muda. Data artikel ini diperoleh melalui kerja etnografi berupa observasi partisipan, komunikasi pribadi dan didukung dengan data-data online atau netnografi. Dari data yang diperoleh, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa konsekuensi dari hibridasi identitas anak muda Islam pada gilirannya juga mengarah pada pengelolaan dakwah yang hybrid. Teras dakwah, misalnya, mereka mengelola dakwah dengan mengkolaborasikan antara Islam dan budaya populer.Kata Kunci: Hibridtitas, Anak Muda, Dakwah