bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PAY GERİ ALIM DUYURULARININ PAY GETİRİLERİ ÜZERİNE KISA DÖNEM ETKİSİ: BIST İMALAT SEKTÖRÜ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: TAŞDEMİR Ahmet , ALSU Erkan 
Published: October 2019

Pay geri alım işlemi şirketlerin arz edilmiş toplam pay miktarının bir kısmını satın alarak ve bu sayede pay miktarını azaltıp, geri kalan payların gelecekteki nakit akışı üzerindeki etkisini arttırması yoluyla yatırımcıya dolaylı olarak kar dağıtımını ifade etmektedir. Ülkemizde son yıllarda kullanılmaya başlanan pay geri alımı, dünya genelinde on yıllardır kullanılmaktadır. Pay geri alımı araştırmacılarında dikkatini çekmiş ve bu konu hakkında birçok çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma da ise BIST İmalat sektöründe faaliyet gösteren şirketlerin pay geri alımları ele alınmış ve 2011 ve 2018 yılları arasında gerçekleştirmiş oldukları pay geri alım duyuruları ve bu duyuruların pay getirilerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada olay çalışması (Event Study) metodu kullanılmıştır. Şirketlerin gerçekleştirmiş oldukları geri alım duyurularını takip eden kısa dönem içerisinde pay getiri performansının ölçülebilmesi amacıyla farklı pencerelerde AAR ve CAAR değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Bu kapsamda elde edilen bulgular İmalat sektöründe faaliyet gösteren şirketlerin gerçekleştirmiş oldukları hisse senedi geri alım duyuru tarihleri civarında pozitif anormal getirilerin elde edilebildiğini göstermektedir. Buna ek olarak, çalışma kapsamında pay geri alım duyurularının getiriler üzerindeki etkisi firma bazında da incelenmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir.
A ZERO-SUM GAME: CUSTOMERS’ SWITCHING BEHAVIOR IN THE TURKISH GSM MARKET - A NEUROMARKETING ANALYSIS
Authors: BOZ Hakan , KOÇ Erdoğan 
Published: October 2019

This
study aims to measure the emotional responses of existing customers to their
GSM operators after exposed to the other GSM operators’ sales promotion
campaigns aimed at attracting new customers.
The study also aims to measure customers’ brand loyalty towards their
GSM operators before and after the exposure to these sales’ promotion
campaigns. The emotions of the customers towards GSM operators’ promotions were
measured by using a Facial Recognition Software, an eye tracker device and a questionnaire.
The results of this study show that even if the customers are satisfied with
their GSM operators, they can switch from their current operators when they
encounter an attractive offer. Practitioners should focus more on customer
retention as opposed to acquiring new customers. Findings indicate that GSM
operators should consider their current customers in the long-term in
accordance with the damage that targeted promotions may have on them.
Predictive Impact of Contextual Objects during Action Observation: Evidence from Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: El-Sourani Nadiya , Trempler Ima , Wurm Moritz F. , Fink Gereon R. , Schubotz Ricarda I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The processing of congruent stimuli, such as an object or action in its typical location, is usually associated with reduced neural activity, probably due to facilitated recognition. However, in some situations, congruency increases neural activity—for example, when objects next to observed actions are likely versus unlikely to be involved in forthcoming action steps. Here, we investigated using fMRI whether the processing of contextual cues during action perception is driven by their (in)congruency and, thus, informative value to make sense of an observed scene. Specifically, we tested whether both highly congruent contextual objects (COs), which strongly indicate a future action step, and highly incongruent COs, which require updating predictions about possible forthcoming action steps, provide more anticipatory information about the action course than moderately congruent COs. In line with our hypothesis that especially the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) subserves the integration of the additional information into the predictive model of the action, we found highly congruent and incongruent COs to increase bilateral activity in action observation nodes, that is, the IFG, the occipitotemporal cortex, and the intraparietal sulcus. Intriguingly, BA 47 was significantly stronger engaged for incongruent COs reflecting the updating of prediction in response to conflicting information. Our findings imply that the IFG reflects the informative impact of COs on observed actions by using contextual information to supply and update the currently operating predictive model. In the case of an incongruent CO, this model has to be reconsidered and extended toward a new overarching action goal.
Perturbing Neural Representations of Working Memory with Task-irrelevant Interruption
Authors: Hakim Nicole , Feldmann-Wüstefeld Tobias , Awh Edward , Vogel Edward K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Working memory maintains information so that it can be used in complex cognitive tasks. A key challenge for this system is to maintain relevant information in the face of task-irrelevant perturbations. Across two experiments, we investigated the impact of task-irrelevant interruptions on neural representations of working memory. We recorded EEG activity in humans while they performed a working memory task. On a subset of trials, we interrupted participants with salient but task-irrelevant objects. To track the impact of these task-irrelevant interruptions on neural representations of working memory, we measured two well-characterized, temporally sensitive EEG markers that reflect active, prioritized working memory representations: the contralateral delay activity and lateralized alpha power (8–12 Hz). After interruption, we found that contralateral delay activity amplitude momentarily sustained but was gone by the end of the trial. Lateralized alpha power was immediately influenced by the interrupters but recovered by the end of the trial. This suggests that dissociable neural processes contribute to the maintenance of working memory information and that brief irrelevant onsets disrupt two distinct online aspects of working memory. In addition, we found that task expectancy modulated the timing and magnitude of how these two neural signals responded to task-irrelevant interruptions, suggesting that the brain's response to task-irrelevant interruption is shaped by task context.
Marx, the “Asiatic Mode of Production,” and “Oriental Despotism” as “True” Socialism
Authors: Shlapentokh Dmitry 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Marx believed that socialist revolution, i.e., the end of the private ownership of the “means of production”, would make the state weak in the long run: the state would “wither away”. He also believed that the despotic state is related to Oriental despotism, marked by general ossification. Here Marx followed the views of his contemporaries. The socialist revolutions in Russia and China demonstrate that Marx was wrong: the end of private ownership of the “means of production” creates a state similar to Oriental despotism, but it is a quite dynamic and economically viable regime. The USSR’s collapse was due to Gorbachev alone; at the same time, totalitarian socialist China would become an economic and geopolitical global force in the future.
Evaluating the Ability of Remote Sensing Observations to Identify Significantly Severe and Potentially Tornadic Storms
Authors: Sandmæl Thea N. , Homeyer Cameron R. , Bedka Kristopher M. , Apke Jason M. , Mecikalski John R. , Khlopenkov Konstantin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRemote sensing observations, especially those from ground-based radars, have been used extensively to discriminate between severe and nonsevere storms. Recent upgrades to operational remote sensing networks in the United States have provided unprecedented spatial and temporal sampling to study such storms. These networks help forecasters subjectively identify storms capable of producing severe weather at the ground; however, uncertainties remain in how to objectively identify severe thunderstorms using the same data. Here, three large-area datasets (geostationary satellite, ground-based radar, and ground-based lightning detection) are used over 28 recent events in an attempt to objectively discriminate between severe and nonsevere storms, with an additional focus on severe storms that produce tornadoes. Among these datasets, radar observations, specifically those at mid- and upper levels (altitudes at and above 4 km), are shown to provide the greatest objective discrimination. Physical and kinematic storm characteristics from all analyzed datasets imply that significantly severe [≥2-in. (5.08 cm) hail and/or ≥65-kt (33.4 m s−1) straight-line winds] and tornadic storms have stronger upward motion and rotation than nonsevere and less severe storms. In addition, these metrics are greatest in tornadic storms during the time in which tornadoes occur.
The Impact of Preceding Spring Antarctic Oscillation on the Variations of Lake Ice Phenology over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Yong , Chen Huopo , Li Huixin , Wang Huijun 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe lake ice phenology response to climate change has been receiving growing concern in recent years. However, most studies have put emphasis on the spatial and temporal variability of lake ice phenology, and relatively few studies have been devoted to investigating the physical mechanisms of changes in lake ice phenology from the perspective of climatic dynamics. This study investigates the possible impact of the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) on the variations in lake ice phenology over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The results show that there is an intimate relationship between the AAO and the variations in break-up/ice duration during the period 2003–15. Further analysis indicates that the preceding boreal spring AAO-induced atmospheric circulation anomalies are favorable for generating tropical South Atlantic Ocean SST anomalies through air–sea interaction. Then the tropical SST anomalies strengthen the anomalous local-scale meridional–vertical circulation that projects into the Azores high and further induce the extratropical portion of the North Atlantic SST tripole. The anomalous warm core in the North Atlantic serves as the source of wave activity flux and stimulates a stationary wave train along the Eurasian continent to change the downstream atmospheric circulation. As a response, an abnormal cyclone and enhanced updraft are triggered over the TP, which are favorable for the formation of snowfall and then lower the surface air temperature according to the snow-albedo feedback mechanism, and thus result in the prolonged lake ice duration events. This study provides a new insight to link the AAO influence and climate over the TP and is helpful to understand the changes in lake ice phenology in response to climate change in recent years.
Interdecadal Variations of the East Asian Winter Monsoon in CMIP5 Preindustrial Simulations
Authors: Miao Jiapeng , Wang Tao , Wang Huijun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, focusing on the interdecadal time scale, we investigate the internal variability of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) using output from 19 coupled models’ long-term preindustrial control (piControl) simulations within phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Program (CMIP5). In total, we identify 53 cases of significant interdecadal weakening of the EAWM from these 19 piControl simulations. In most weakening cases, both the Siberian high and the East Asian trough are significantly weakened. The East Asian jet stream in the upper troposphere shifts poleward. Southerly wind anomalies are evident over East Asia in the lower troposphere. At the same time, both the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the North Pacific Oscillation are in their positive phases. Associated anomalous anticyclonic circulation can be found over the North Pacific. Additionally, the North Pacific shows negative Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO)-like sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. In contrast, we also analyzed 49 cases of significant strengthening of the EAWM, and the atmospheric and oceanic anomalies show opposite signals with the weakening cases. This suggests that internal variabilities of the climate system can also cause interdecadal variations of the EAWM. In addition, the phase shifting of the AO is likely the main reason for the EAWM’s interdecadal variations in the unforced long-term simulations. Further numerical experiments using the Community Atmosphere Model, version 4 (CAM4), deny the causal relationship between the interdecadal variations of EAWM and PDO-like SST anomalies. This study also implies that the internal variabilities of the climate system could contribute to the observed interdecadal weakening of the EAWM around the mid-1980s.
Parents’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to children’s beverage consumption in youth soccer: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Bolter Nicole D , Gao Yong , Conger Scott A , Spear Caile E , Radin Anna K , Flint Hilary 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To explore parents’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs, e.g. soft drinks, juice drinks, sports drinks) and other beverages provided by parents at youth sports events. Design: Qualitative analysis of focus group discussions. Setting: Ada County, Idaho, USA. Method: A total of 3 focus groups were conducted with 24 parents of 6- to 11-year-old children participating in one community recreational soccer league. Parents were asked how they selected beverages for their children at soccer practices and games, and shared ideas for improving healthy beverage consumption in this setting. Two coders performed an inductive content analysis of the focus group transcripts, and an external reviewer established the trustworthiness of the data. Results: Parents expressed uncertainty about which beverages other than water were best for children’s health and performance. Beverage choices were affected by factors such as cost, convenience, the weather, the level of competition and children’s ages. Parents also noted the influence of coaches, other parents, their children’s preferences, their beverage habits at home and the media. Parents desired evidence-based guidance on optimal beverages for youth athletes and recommended specific interventions to reduce consumption of SSBs in the context of youth sport events. Conclusion: Results indicate the need for developmentally appropriate expert recommendations for healthy beverage consumption in recreational youth sport, and reinforce findings from existing research which suggest that parents desire support to ensure healthy beverages are offered at youth sports events.
The Role and Value of Ongoing and Peer Support in Diabetes Care and Education
Authors: Warshaw Hope , Hodgson Lisa , Heyman Mark , Oser Tamara K. , Walker Heather R. , Deroze Phyllisa , Rinker Joanne , Litchman Michelle L. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose Increasing attention is being given to the challenges and emotional toll of managing diabetes. This Perspectives in Practice details the specialty’s guiding documents for initial and ongoing support. It also defines various types of social support, including peer support, for optimal diabetes care. Focusing on peer support, this paper provides a review of the body of evidence demonstrating the value of peer support to improve clinical and behavioral outcomes. To achieve positive outcomes, it is optimal for people with diabetes to have access to ongoing support from their health care provider, including diabetes care and education specialists. They should also be made aware of, and given referral to options and opportunities for peer support. This Perspectives in Practice concludes with a call to action for diabetes care and education specialists to deliver to integrate and promote the value of peer support in the care they provide. Conclusion Managing diabetes during the stages and ages of life is chronically challenging and complex. Various types of support offered by health care providers, including diabetes care and education specialists and others in the person’s social support milieu, can positively affect emotional well-being. Health care providers should routinely assess their client’s social supports and refer the person with diabetes and/or their caregivers to evidence-based types of peer support mutually determined to be of most value. Diabetes care and education specialists should increase their awareness of opportunities to integrate the value of and referral to peer support in their counseling and to gain greater insight into the diabetes-lived experience.
GSTA3 regulates TGF-β1-induced renal interstitial fibrosis in NRK-52E cells as a component of the PI3K–Keap1/Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Xiao Yun , Zhang Zhiwei , Fu Yingyu , Shan Huizhi , Cui Sini , Wu Jun 
Published: October 2019

Objective To evaluate the effect of GSTA3 within the PI3K–Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). Methods An in vitro RIF model with TGF-β1 stimulation in NRK-52E cells was established to identify potential signaling pathways that modulate GSTA3. Changes in GSTA3 expression were observed in the RIF model after silencing or enhancing Nrf2 expression. Changes in GSTA3, Keap1, and Nrf2 expression were detected after blocking the upstream of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway (including MAPK and PI3K/Akt). The effect of Nrf2 on GSTA3 expression was evaluated by overexpressing Nrf2. Results Protein and mRNA levels of GSTA3, FN, Nrf2, and Keap1 were significantly increased after TGF-β1 stimulation. GSTA3 was also upregulated following overexpression of Nrf2. TGF-β1 activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, leading to RIF. After blocking this pathway, the production of superoxide dismutase, reactive oxygen species, and fibronectin were reduced. The MAPK pathway was not involved in the development of RIF via regulating GSTA3 expression. Conclusions The PI3K–KEAP1/Nrf2–GSTA3 signaling pathway is a possible mechanism of resisting external stimulation of renal fibrosis factors, regulating oxidative stress, and preventing RIF.
Therapeutic effect of one-time root canal treatment for irreversible pulpitis
Authors: Lu Yu , Liu Zhongjun , Huang Jinyu , Liu Chengxia 
Published: October 2019

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of one-time root canal treatment versus two-time treatment in patients with irreversible pulpitis. Methods We classified 130 patients into a one-time treatment group (group A; n = 68) and a two-time treatment group (group B; n = 62) according to the number of patient visits. Clinical efficacy at 6 months and 1 year follow-ups as well as serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein before and 1 week after endodontic treatment were observed. Additionally, the level of treatment satisfaction between the two groups was compared, and the degree of pain was evaluated using the visual analogue scale. Result One week after treatment, serum interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were significantly decreased in the two groups; however, levels in group B were significantly lower than those in group A. Additionally, visual analogue scale scores of patients in group A were significantly higher than those of patients in group B. Conclusion One-time root canal therapy can effectively improve postoperative pain and the expression of inflammatory factors in the serum of patients undergoing treatment.
Association of MTHFR and RFC1 gene polymorphisms with methotrexate efficacy and toxicity in Chinese Han patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wang Shengli , Zuo Shuguang , Liu Zhigang , Ji Xinying , Yao Zhenqiang , Wang Xinchun 
Published: October 2019

Objective The objective was to explore the association of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR) C667T and A1298C and reduced folate carrier 1 ( RFC-1) A80G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and efficacy and toxicity of methotrexate (MTX) treatment in Chinese Han patients in Henan, China. Methods Two hundred ninety-six patients with RA were enrolled (cases) and 120 healthy individuals served as controls. The genotypes of MTHFR C667T and A1298C SNP and RFC-1 A80G SNP were detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR and compared between cases and controls. We analyzed correlations of clinical effect, toxicity, and SNPs after 6 months of MTX treatment. Results We detected no significant differences in MTHFR C677T and A1298C and RFC-1 A80G SNPs between cases and controls. The RFC-1 A80G SNP differed between RA patients with good and poor efficacy after 6 months of MTX, and was an independent factor of MTX efficacy. The MTHFR C677T SNP was differently distributed in the adverse drug reaction (ADR) and non-ADR groups and was an independent factor of MTX toxicity. Conclusions In Chinese Han patients with RA, the MTHFR C667T SNP may correlate with MTX toxicity, whereas the RFC-1 A80G SNP may correlate with MTX efficacy rather than toxicity.
Comparison of FRAX in postmenopausal Asian women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Wang Chen , Liu Jun , Xiao Li , Liu Dan , Yan Wenjing , Hu Ting , Li Kunhong , Hua Xiaociao , Zeng Xianshang 
Published: October 2019

Objective To compare the fracture risk in postmenopausal Asian women with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The study cohort comprised data from consecutive postmenopausal women with T2DM that were retrieved from a prospectively maintained institutional database from 2001 to 2009. Postmenopausal women without DM from the Medical Examination Center from 2001 to 2009 formed the control cohort. The primary endpoint was the World Health Organization Fracture Risk Algorithm (FRAX, revised 2013) score. The secondary endpoint was bone mineral density (BMD). Results There were 1014 individuals included for the assessment (T2DM, n=500 and non-DM, n=514). Based on the FRAX model, the risk of major osteoporotic fractures and hip fractures over the next 10 years was higher in the T2DM group compared with the non-DM group. Compared with the T2DM group, the non-DM group had a lower BMD. After adjusting for age, gender, history of alcohol consumption, smoking status, body mass index, and low-density lipoprotein, the differences were statistically significant. Conclusions Compared with postmenopausal women without DM, postmenopausal women with T2DM had a significantly higher fracture risk calculated using the FRAX model. Early intervention for postmenopausal women with T2DM may be necessary, although T2DM is associated with a high BMD.