bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental knowledge and attitudes regarding asthma in their children: Impact of an educational intervention in an Indian population
Authors: Divecha Chhaya A. , Tullu Milind S. , Jadhav Devika U. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesResearch shows positive effects of asthma education in improving parental knowledge, self‐management skills, and reducing healthcare costs. Such studies are lacking in resource‐limited countries. We studied the effectiveness of educational intervention in improving the knowledge and attitudes of parents/caregivers of asthmatic children.MethodsThe study was conducted in the pediatric chest clinic of tertiary hospital (India) over 21 months after ethics committee approval. Recruited parents were randomized into the interventional group (A) receiving education module and control group (B). Parents' asthma knowledge and attitudes were assessed at baseline and 5 months postenrollment using 25‐item questionnaire. Detailed demographic data, clinical data, and exacerbations during study were noted.ResultsA total of 75 parents/guardians fulfilling inclusion criteria were analyzed (cases/group A: 37 and controls/group B: 38). 8.3 percent of parents/caregivers were illiterate. Around 36.9% of patients had a family history of allergy/asthma. Mean knowledge scores at follow‐up were 12.24 and 9.89 for groups A and B, respectively (P < .05). Parents did better on knowledge items related to chronicity, family history, chronic cough, home administration of steroids in acute severe asthma, and maintaining records of clinical/medications for good control. Intervention group (A) showed significant improvement in most attitude‐based questions postintervention as compared with the nonintervention group (B). There was no statistically significant difference in asthma severity and control between the two groups at follow‐up.ConclusionsSmall group education on asthma in parents/caregivers improves their knowledge and attitudes. Healthcare plans should invest in pediatric asthma education and identify key personnel/opportunities to impart the same in routine care.
Analysis of Wnt7B and BMP4 expression patterns in congenital pulmonary airway malformation
Authors: Zhu Hao , Liu Dan , Jia Huimin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCongenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is a rare disorder characterized by aberrant overgrowth of terminal bronchioles. The objective of this study was to describe wingless‐type MMTV integration site family 7B (Wnt7B) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) expression patterns in human CPAM lesions and to explore the possible roles of Wnt7B and BMP4 in the pathogenesis of CPAM.MethodsFifteen tissue samples from patients with CPAM were obtained from the Pathology Department of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Samples representing CPAM lesions and adjacent normal lung tissues were collected and Wnt7B and BMP4 expression was detected through immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), and Western blotting.ResultsIHC revealed that Wnt7B immunopositive cells were only detected in epithelial cells, whereas BMP4 immunopositive cells were detected in epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Expression of Wnt7B and BMP4 immunopositive cells was higher in CPAM lesions than that in adjacent normal lung tissue. qRT‐PCR and Western blotting showed that Wnt7B and BMP4 mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in CPAM lesions than in adjacent normal lung tissue (P < .05). Overall, the level of BMP4 was higher than that of Wnt7B.ConclusionsIncreased expression of Wnt7B and BMP4 appear to be related to the pathogenesis of CPAM and abnormal pulmonary development. Upregulation of Wnt7B and BMP4 could play an important role in the development of the bronchial‐alveolar structures that characterize CPAM.
Modeling the Thermo‐Mechanical‐Chemical Behavior of Condensed Phase Reactive Materials
Authors: Stewart Donald Scott , Lee Kibaek 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEnergetic material condensed phase constituents come into contact, chemically react, and simultaneously undergo a phase change. Phase change in a given molecular material is often considered separately from the chemical reaction. We use a self‐consistent continuum, thermo‐mechanical model based on specified Gibbs potentials for all relevant component species that are present in a single material. A single stress tensor and a single temperature are assumed for the material.Physically‐based mass fractions of the components are used to describe composition and phase and chemical change and replace order parameters used in older phase‐field variable theories. Our formulation is entirely analogous to non‐equilibrium theories used for gas‐phase combustion but generalized to include condensed phases. We describe the formulation and illustrate its use with three examples. Example 1. considers the quasi‐static heating of an oxide‐coated aluminum particle, that is slowly heated so that the temperature within the particle can be considered a constant. We compute the stress and displacement within the particle by using the derived multicomponent equation of state. Example 2. shows how to model the melting and vaporization in a rapidly heated, confined slab of initially solid aluminum. The model treats multi‐phase transitions and illustrates how the multicomponent equation of state is used. Example 3. describes the modeling of mechanical thermo‐chemical ignition processes in a nano‐slab of HMX and considers six components: Two solid (beta and delta HMX), one liquid HMX component, and two gas components for vapor HMX and reacted products. We describe some possible next steps for further study and model improvements and how to interact with modern reactive molecular dynamics.
A qualitative transcriptional signature for predicting the biochemical recurrence risk of prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Li Xiang , Huang Haiyan , Zhang Jiahui , Jiang Fengle , Guo Yating , Shi Yidan , Guo Zheng , Ao Lu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe qualitative transcriptional characteristics, the within‐sample relative expression orderings (REOs) of genes, are highly robust against batch effects and sample quality variations. Hence, we develop a qualitative transcriptional signature based on REOs to predict the biochemical recurrence risk of prostate cancer (PCa) patients after radical prostatectomy.MethodsGene pairs with REOs significantly correlated with the biochemical recurrence‐free survival (BFS) were identified from 131 PCa samples in the training data set. From these gene pairs, we selected a qualitative transcriptional signature based on the within‐sample REOs of gene pairs which could predict the recurrence risk of PCa patients after radical prostatectomy.ResultsA signature consisting of 74 gene pairs, named 74‐GPS, was developed for predicting the recurrence risk of PCa patients after radical prostatectomy based on the majority voting rule that a sample was assigned as high risk when at least 37 gene pairs of the 74‐GPS voted for high risk; otherwise, low risk. The signature was validated in six independent datasets produced by different platforms. In each of the validation datasets, the Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed that the average BFS of the low‐risk group was significantly better than that of the high‐risk group. Analyses of multiomics data of PCa samples from TCGA suggested that both the epigenomic and genomic alternations could cause the reproducible transcriptional differences between the two different prognostic groups.ConclusionsThe proposed qualitative transcriptional signature can robustly stratify PCa patients after radical prostatectomy into two groups with different recurrence risk and distinct multiomics characteristics. Hence, 74‐GPS may serve as a helpful tool for guiding the management of PCa patients with radical prostatectomy at the individual level.
Hydrogen Evolution and Wastewater Treatment of Hydrangeal‐like Catalyst Decroatedby the NiS Nanosheet and PdNanoparticle
Authors: Shi Qingdan , Zhou Yan , Sun Wen , Wang Han , Li Shenghong , Zhang Xinyu , Wan Junmin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMultifunctional catalysts with photodegradation of organic contaminants and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution are extremely urgent. In this work, a unique MoS2 hollow microsphere with a diameter of 1.5 μm was fabricated without adding any spherical template by an improved hydrothermal process. Interestingly, the MoS2 hollow microspheres with introduction of the NiS and Pd nanoparticles greatly restrain recombination rates of electron‐hole pairs, resulting in the outstanding photocatalytic activity. The RhB removal rates of the MoS2 hollow microsphere and the NPMS composites were 7 and 10 times higher than that of pure MoS2, respectively, for the high concentration of macrocyclic contaminants under visible‐light illumination. Furthermore, the optimal robust NPMS hybrids exhibite a lower overpotential of 100 mV (at 10 mV cm−2) and a smaller Tafel slope of 50 mV dec−1. The unique structure composite catalysts possess more exposed active sites and defects to enhance the catalytic activity for HER and removal of organic pollution.
Quinoline‐1,3‐Oxazole Hybrids: Syntheses, Anticancer Activity and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Shah Shailesh R. , Katariya Kanubhai D. , Reddy Dushyanth 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn continuation of the synthesis of potent quinoline based anticancer agents, a series of novel quinoline‐1,3‐oxazole hybrids 15 a‐l were synthesized by the condensation reaction of 2‐aryl‐5‐methyl‐1,3‐oxazole‐4‐carbaldehydes 10 a‐f and 6‐bromo/6‐chloro‐2‐methyl‐quinolin‐4‐yl‐hydrazines 14 a/b in good yield. Out of twelve, ten of the synthesized compounds were selected by the National Cancer Institute, USA for anticancer activity screening against 60 different human cancer cell lines representing nine types of cancer. Nine compounds were displayed outstanding antiproliferative activity with GI50 values ranging from 0.26 to 25.6 μM and LC50 values ranging from 2.96 μM to >100 μM. The mean MG‐MID values of GI50, TGI, and LC50 were compared with the methotrexate and four compounds 15 b, 15 d, 15 e, 15 f emerged with important GI50 <2.0 μM. Among all compounds screened, 15 d displayed the highest potency as a cytotoxic molecule. Moreover, new hybrids were also studied for molecular docking into the active binding site of DNA topoisomerase I (htopoI) to understand the binding mode and favorable interactions of active compounds into binding sites of topoisomerase enzyme.
High Voltage, Flexible and Low Cost All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries with a Wide Working Temperature Range
Authors: Zhang Yuchan , Fei Huifang , An Yongling , Wei Chuanliang , Feng Jinkui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, a flexible 4 V all‐solid‐state lithium metal battery is reported. In this battery, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/Li6.40La3Zr1.40Ta0.60O12 (LLZTO) composite electrolyte is used as the electrolyte and low cost LiMn2O4 (LMO) is used as the cathode. It is found that this all‐solid‐state battery can work from room temperature to 80 °C. At 80 °C, a capacity retention of 78.8% is obtained after 50 cycles while battery with liquid electrolyte last only one cycle. Further researches discover that liquid electrolyte react continuously with LMO while the solid‐state electrolyte is stable with LMO at high temperature. These results may be useful for the developing of low cost, high energy and high safety batteries system.
Compact Fenwick trees for dynamic ranking and selection
Authors: Marchini Stefano , Vigna Sebastiano 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe Fenwick tree is a classical implicit data structure that stores an array in such a way that modifying an element, accessing an element, computing a prefix sum and performing a predecessor search on prefix sums all take logarithmic time. We introduce a number of variants which improve the classical implementation of the tree: in particular, we can reduce its size when an upper bound on the array element is known, and we can perform much faster predecessor searches. Our aim is to use our variants to implement an efficient dynamic bit vector: our structure is able to perform updates, ranking and selection in logarithmic time, with a space overhead in the order of a few percents, outperforming existing data structures with the same purpose. Along the way, we highlight the pernicious interplay between the arithmetic behind the Fenwick tree and the structure of current CPU caches, suggesting simple solutions that improve performance significantly.
Functional interrelationships between carbohydrate and lipid storage, and mitochondrial activity during sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Liu Yanjie , Wood N. Ezgi , Marchand Ashley J. , Arguello‐Miranda Orlando , Doncic Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn Saccharomyces cerevisiae under conditions of nutrient stress, meiosis precedes the formation of spores. Although the molecular mechanisms that regulate meiosis, such as meiotic recombination and nuclear divisions, have been extensively studied, the metabolic factors that determine the efficiency of sporulation are less understood. Here, we have directly assessed the relationship between metabolic stores and sporulation in S. cerevisiae by genetically disrupting the synthetic pathways for the carbohydrate stores, glycogen (gsy1/2Δ cells), trehalose (tps1Δ cells), or both (gsy1/2Δ and tps1Δ cells). We show that storage carbohydrate‐deficient strains are highly inefficient in sporulation. Although glycogen and trehalose stores can partially compensate for each other, they have differential effects on sporulation rate and spore number. Interestingly, deletion of the G1 cyclin, CLN3, which resulted in an increase in cell size, mitochondria and lipid stores, partially rescued meiosis progression and spore ascus formation but not spore number in storage carbohydrate‐deficient strains. Sporulation efficiency in the carbohydrate‐deficient strain exhibited a greater dependency on mitochondrial activity and lipid stores than wild‐type yeast. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the complex crosstalk between metabolic factors that support gametogenesis.
Ethische Fragen von Digital Public Health
Authors: Marckmann Georg 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDigitale Technologien in Public Health bieten durch die effiziente Erfassung, Speicherung und Verarbeitung großer Mengen an Gesundheitsdaten ein Potenzial für eine verbesserte Gesundheitsförderung und Krankheitsprävention. Digital Public Health wirft – wie viele andere technologische Entwicklungen – aber auch verschiedene ethische Fragen auf, die im vorliegenden Beitrag vorgestellt werden.Eine grundlegende Frage bei der ethischen Bewertung einer Digital-Public-Health-Intervention ist die nach ihrem eigentlichen Ziel. Primär sollte eine Intervention der öffentlichen Gesundheit dienen und nicht dem finanziellen Gewinn, um ein Nutzenpotenzial für die Gesundheit der Bevölkerung entwickeln zu können. Zudem sind insbesondere gerechtigkeitsethische Fragen relevant, da Digital Public Health einerseits gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten reduzieren, sie aber andererseits auch verstärken kann. Hinzu kommen Fragen des Schutzes der Privatsphäre und sensibler Gesundheitsdaten. Da sich Digital-Public-Health-Interventionen ganz erheblich unterscheiden, muss jede Anwendung für sich hinsichtlich ihrer ethischen Implikationen bewertet werden. Hierfür werden eine ethische Kriteriologie und ein methodisches Vorgehen vorgeschlagen. Durch die Formulierung ethisch begründeter Empfehlungen für die Entwicklung und Nutzung von digitalen Public-Health-Interventionen kann ein Beitrag zu einer ethisch gut begründeten Gestaltung von Digital Public Health geleistet werden.
Quantum Versus Classical Entanglement: Eliminating the Issue of Quantum Nonlocality
Authors: Khrennikov Andrei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe analyze the interrelation of quantum and classical entanglement. The latter notion is widely used in classical optic simulation of some quantum-like features of light. We criticize the common interpretation that “quantum nonlocality” is the basic factor differing quantum and classical realizations of entanglement. Instead, we point to the breakthrough Grangier et al. experiment on coincidence detection which was done in 1986 and played the crucial role in rejection of (semi-)classical field models in favor of quantum mechanics. Classical entanglement sources produce light beams with the coefficient of second order coherence$$g^{(2)}(0) \ge 1.$$g(2)(0)≥1.This feature of classical entanglement is obscured by using intensities of signals in different channels, instead of counting clicks of photo-detectors. The interplay between intensity and clicks counting is not just a technicality. We elevate this issue to the high foundational level.
Exploring Models for an International Legal Agreement on the Global Antimicrobial Commons: Lessons from Climate Agreements
Authors: Rogers Van Katwyk Susan , Giubilini Alberto , Kirchhelle Claas , Weldon Isaac , Harrison Mark , McLean Angela , Savulescu Julian , Hoffman Steven J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn international legal agreement governing the global antimicrobial commons would represent the strongest commitment mechanism for achieving collective action on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Since AMR has important similarities to climate change—both are common pool resource challenges that require massive, long-term political commitments—the first article in this special issue draws lessons from various climate agreements that could be applicable for developing a grand bargain on AMR. We consider the similarities and differences between the Paris Climate Agreement and current governance structures for AMR, and identify the merits and challenges associated with different international forums for developing a long-term international agreement on AMR. To be effective, fair, and feasible, an enduring legal agreement on AMR will require a combination of universal, differentiated, and individualized requirements, nationally determined contributions that are regularly reviewed and ratcheted up in level of ambition, a regular independent scientific stocktake to support evidence informed policymaking, and a concrete global goal to rally support.
Mapping the scattered field of research on higher education. A correlated topic model of 17,000 articles, 1991–2018
Authors: Daenekindt Stijn , Huisman Jeroen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractParallel to the increasing level of maturity of the field of research on higher education, an increasing number of scholarly works aims at synthesising and presenting overviews of the field. We identify three important pitfalls these previous studies struggle with, i.e. a limited scope, a lack of a content-related analysis, and/or a lack of an inductive approach. We take these limitations into account by analysing the abstracts of 16,928 articles on higher education between 1991 and 2018. To investigate this huge collection of texts, we apply topic models, which are a collection of automatic content analysis methods that allow to map the structure of large text data. After an in-depth discussion of the topics differentiated by our model, we study how these topics have evolved over time. In addition, we analyse which topics tend to co-occur in articles. This reveals remarkable gaps in the literature which provides interesting opportunities for future research. Furthermore, our analysis corroborates the claim that the field of research on higher education consists of isolated ‘islands’. Importantly, we find that these islands drift further apart because of a trend of specialisation. This is a bleak finding, suggesting the (further) disintegration of our field.
Electrodeposition of titanium–vanadium alloys from chloride-based molten salts: influence of electrolyte chemistry and deposition potential on composition, morphology and microstructure
Authors: Gussone Joachim , Vijay Chakradhar Reddy Yerragudi , Watermeyer Philipp , Milicevic Ksenija , Friedrich Bernd , Haubrich Jan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrate co-deposition of titanium and vanadium from a eutectic LiCl–KCl electrolyte enriched with VCl3 and TiCl2 at 700 K. While the addition of metallic titanium to the electrolyte caused vanadium depletion by a displacement reaction, metallic vanadium addition created and stabilized divalent vanadium ions in the melt, which are supposed to positively affect the deposition process. Various electrochemical experiments were carried out with different electrolyte concentrations, and a relationship between applied potential, electrolyte concentration and composition of the deposit was established. The composition and the morphology of the obtained deposits were strongly affected by the electrolysis conditions. Electrodeposited vanadium-rich Ti–V alloys were found to grow as dendrites, whereas the titanium-rich alloys exhibited a dense cauliflower-like surface morphology. In contrast to deposits of the single elements, which are composed of comparably large faceted crystals, the Ti–V alloys obtained in this study were very fine grained, especially those with vanadium contents around 10–15 at%. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that, depending on the composition of the deposit, either a biphasic α + β microstructure in the case of low vanadium contents or β-(V,Ti) with small amounts of ω phase for high vanadium contents were found.

Graphic abstract
The Gambling Consumption Mediation Model (GCMM): A Multiple Mediation Approach to Estimate the Association of Particular Game Types with Problem Gambling
Authors: Brosowski Tim , Olason Daniel Thor , Turowski Tobias , Hayer Tobias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBivariate associations of problem gambling with participation in particular game types often decrease when adjusting for demographics or consumption behavior (e.g., number of game types played). A summary of 14 peer-reviewed studies showed inconsistencies as well as conceptual and methodological challenges. The aim of this study was to expand previous research by a combination of (1) sophisticated feature-engineering, which disaggregates gambling intensity into facets within and beyond a game type of interest, and (2) the application of mediation models. Data comprised last year gamblers of three merged cross sectional Icelandic gambling surveys of 2007, 2011, and 2017 (N = 4422). For each of 15 game types (12-month time frame), a parallel multiple mediation model was applied to disaggregate bivariate associations of last year game type participation and problem gambling (Problem Gambling Severity Index) by six mediating mechanisms: (1) demographic problem gambling propensity, (2) number of game types played, (3) gambling frequency within the type, (4) maximum gambling frequency across all types beyond, (5) usual spending within the type, (6) maximum usual spending across all types beyond. Games showed two distinct profiles via which mediator they mostly impacted problem gambling: Electronic gaming machines offline, scratch cards offline, live betting online, and poker offline as well as online impacted problem gambling mostly via gambling frequency within, whereas all other types mostly impacted via the number of game types played. The applied mediation models answer the question by which mechanism game types impact problem gambling in a more exhaustive way than previous research.