bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peak grain forecasts for the US High Plains amid withering waters
Authors: Mrad Assaad , Katul Gabriel G. , Levia Delphis F. , Guswa Andrew J. , Boyer Elizabeth W. , Bruen Michael , Carlyle-Moses Darryl E. , Coyte Rachel , Creed Irena F. , van de Giesen Nick , Grasso Domenico , Hannah David M. , Hudson Janice E. , Humphrey Vincent , Iida Shin’ichi , Jackson Robert B. , Kumagai Tomo’omi , Llorens Pilar , Michalzik Beate , Nanko Kazuki , Peters Catherine A. , Selker John S. , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Zalewski Maciej , Scanlon Bridget R. 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceRapid groundwater depletion represents a significant threat to food and water security because groundwater supplies more than 20% of global water use, especially for crop irrigation. A large swath of the US High Plains, which produces more than 50 million tons of grain yearly, depends on the Ogallala aquifer for more than 90% of its irrigation needs. A predator–prey-type model serves as a minimalist representation of groundwater use–crop production dynamics. It explains and predicts reductions in groundwater withdrawal on three High Plains states and subsequent declines in irrigated crop production. The model shows how recharge rates and the adoption of irrigation technologies control these trends. It also provides a general framework for assessing groundwater-based irrigation sustainability.
The transcription factor C/EBPβ orchestrates dendritic cell maturation and functionality under homeostatic and malignant conditions
Authors: Scholz Florian , Grau Michael , Menzel Lutz , Graband Annika , Zapukhlyak Myroslav , Leutz Achim , Janz Martin , Lenz Georg , Rehm Armin , Höpken Uta E. 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceComplex transcription factor networks regulate the development, maturation, and lineage commitment of dendritic cell (DC) subsets. Here, we demonstrate a previously unexpected role of the transcription factor C/EBPβ in murine DC maturation and immunogenic functionality under homeostatic and lymphoma-transformed conditions. Regulated expression of functional C/EBPβ isoforms enables a controlled maturation of DCs. In contrast, the presence of lymphoma cells leads to an up-regulation of C/EBPβ in DCs which transforms them into an immature and protumorigenic subtype. This study also shows that inhibition of the C/EBPβ/mTOR signaling axis abrogates the protumorigenic function of human DCs, suggesting that inhibitors regulating C/EBPβ activity can be used for blocking tumor-promoting functions of DCs in the treatment of hematological neoplasms.
Cryo-EM structures reveal distinct mechanisms of inhibition of the human multidrug transporter ABCB1
Authors: Nosol Kamil , Romane Ksenija , Irobalieva Rossitza N. , Alam Amer , Kowal Julia , Fujita Naoya , Locher Kaspar P. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
ABCB1 is a membrane transport protein that protects cells from toxic compounds. At the same time, it limits the uptake of orally administered drugs and contributes to multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Small-molecule inhibitors of ABCB1 could alleviate these negative effects, but their development requires detailed insight into how such compounds interfere with ABCB1-catalyzed drug extrusion. Our study shows how ABCB1 inhibitors bind in pairs and can block the function of the transporter by interacting with structural features that are important for its transport function. Our results therefore provide insight into the mechanism of ABCB1 and will be valuable for the development of more effective inhibitors.
The scale dependency of spatial crop species diversity and its relation to temporal diversity
Authors: Aramburu Merlos Fernando , Hijmans Robert J. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
There is considerable debate about the effect of changes in and the need to increase biodiversity in agriculture. The spatial scale dependency of crop diversity has not been formally addressed, and this complicates understanding and synthesis. Crop species diversity also has a temporal diversity component of fundamental importance that has been ignored in diversity assessments. To fill this gap, we develop a framework for understanding the scale dependency of spatial crop species diversity and its relation to temporal diversity using 30 m spatial resolution crop species distribution data for the United States. We show that aggregated diversity data can be downscaled to estimate spatial and temporal diversity at the farm scale. We use the results to discuss diversification strategies.
Decoy nanoparticles protect against COVID-19 by concurrently adsorbing viruses and inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Rao Lang , Xia Shuai , Xu Wei , Tian Rui , Yu Guocan , Gu Chenjian , Pan Pan , Meng Qian-Fang , Cai Xia , Qu Di , Lu Lu , Xie Youhua , Jiang Shibo , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: October 2020

Significance
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has led to more than 840,000 deaths worldwide as of August 31, 2020. Unfortunately, no licensed vaccine or specific treatment is available right now. Herein, we report a decoy nanoparticle against COVID-19. The decoy nanoparticles were constructed by fusing cell membrane nanovesicles derived from genetically engineered cells, which stably express SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2, and human monocytes, which display abundant cytokine receptors. By competing with host cells, these nanodecoys efficiently adsorb viruses and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and GM-CSF. These two functionalities allow effective intervention of viral infection and its associated immune disorder, presenting a promising therapeutic strategy for COVID-19 and other potential epidemics.
Primary and secondary motoneurons use different calcium channel types to control escape and swimming behaviors in zebrafish
Authors: Wen Hua , Eckenstein Kazumi , Weihrauch Vivien , Stigloher Christian , Brehm Paul 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Genetic manipulations, functional imaging, and patch-clamp electrophysiology provide new insights into the roles played by the P/Q and N calcium channel types in zebrafish neuromuscular transmission. These two channel types are the mainstay of synaptic transmission among vertebrates and their functional distinctions likely form the basis of their synapse-specific expression. We show that the primary and secondary motoneurons differ in these two calcium channel types, providing independent control over escape and rhythmic swimming behaviors. The control over separate behaviors occurs despite their sharing of the same synapses and postsynaptic receptors. This synapse sharing by presynaptic terminals with functionally distinct calcium channel types calls for investigations into similar processes at other synapses.
Vertical MoS2 on SiO2/Si and graphene: effect of surface morphology on photoelectrochemical properties
Authors: Rosman Nurul Nabila , Mohamad Yunus Rozan , Jeffery Minggu Lorna , Arifin Khuzaimah , Kassim Mohammad B , Mohamed Mohd Ambri 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have attracted intensive attention recently due to their unique optical and electronic properties and their promising applications in water splitting and solar cells. As a representative layer-structured of transition metal dichalcogenides, MoS2 has attracted considerable devotion owing to its exceptional photo and electro properties. Here, we show that the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) growth of MoS2 on Si photocathode and graphene/Si photocathode can be used to prepare photoelectrocatalysts for water splitting. We explore a bottom‐up method to grow vertical heterostructures of MoS2 and graphene by using the two‐step CVD. Graphene is first grown through ambient-pressure CVD on a Cu substrate and then transferred onto SiO2/Si substrate by using the chemical wet transfer followed by the second CVD method to grow MoS2 over the graphene/SiO2/Si. The effect of the growth temperatures of MoS2 is studied, and the optimum temperature is 800 °C. The MoS2 produced at 800 °C has the highest photocurrent density at −0.23 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M Na2SO4 and −0.51 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 at −0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl. The linear sweep voltammetry shows that MoS2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 has about 55% higher photocurrent density than MoS2 in Na2SO4 due to the higher concentration of protons (H+) in the H2SO4 electrolyte solution. Protons are reduced to H2 at lower overvoltage and hydrogen generation is thus enhanced at higher photocurrent density. MoS2/graphene/SiO2/Si (MGS) has −0.07 mA cm−2 at −0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl of photocurrent density, which is 70% lower than that of bare MoS2 because MGS is thicker compared with MoS2. Thus, MoS2 has potential as a photocatalyst in photoelectrochemical water splitting. The structure and the morphology of MoS2 play an important role in determining the photocurrent performance.
Efficient photon capture on germanium surfaces using industrially feasible nanostructure formation
Authors: Chen Kexun , Isometsä Joonas , Pasanen Toni P , Vähänissi Ville , Savin Hele 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nanostructured surfaces are known to provide excellent optical properties for various photonics devices. Fabrication of such nanoscale structures to germanium (Ge) surfaces by metal assisted chemical etching (MACE) is, however, challenging as Ge surface is highly reactive resulting often in micron-level rather than nanoscale structures. Here we show that by properly controlling the process, it is possible to confine the chemical reaction only to the vicinity of the metal nanoparticles and obtain nanostructures also in Ge. Furthermore, it is shown that controlling the density of the nanoparticles, concentration of oxidizing and dissolving agents as well as the etching time plays a crucial role in successful nanostructure formation. We also discuss the impact of high mobility of charge carriers on the chemical reactions taking place on Ge surfaces. As a result we propose a simple one-step MACE process that results in nanoscale structures with less than 10% surface reflectance in the wavelength region between 400 and 1600 nm. The method consumes only a small amount of Ge and is thus industrially viable and also applicable to thin Ge layers.
A 12-pole VHF band high selective high temperature superconducting filter
Authors: Yu Xiao , Xi Weibin , Wu Songtao , Yan Peiguang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A 12-pole VHF band high temperature superconducting (HTS) filter with a spiral quarter-wavelength resonator is introduced. The coupling characteristics of the proposed resonator, cross structure and external quality factor is analyzed in detail. The HTS filter is fabricated on a 3-inch-diameter double-sided DyBa2Cu3O7 HTS thin film with a LAO substrate and measured with a low-temperature test system at 77 K. The measured filter has a center frequency of 119.93 MHz and a 1-dB passband of 10.04 dB. Due to the introduction of transmission zeros, the rectangular coefficient (BW60dB/BW1dB) of the measured filter is about 1.20, which shows excellent selectivity. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.
Effect of impeller geometry on bubble breakage and the contributions of different breakage mechanisms in a stirred tank
Authors: Alabdly Hussein A , Majdi Hasan Sh , Hamad Muayad F , Hathal Mustafa M , Hasan Basim O 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The effect of impeller geometry on bubble breakage in a stirred tank was investigated for a range of impeller Reynolds number (Re) using a high speed imaging method. The bubble dynamic behavior and breakage mechanism were investigated for four different impeller geometries namely, two-flat blades impeller, four-flat blades impeller, four-twisted blades impeller, and two-pinned blades impeller. The performance of each geometry was investigated by determining the breakage probability and number of fragments (daughter bubbles) produced. The contributions of dominant breakage mechanisms for each geometry were specified and discussed by identifying the breakage locations relative to the impeller. Three main breakage mechanisms were observed, namely: bubble collision with the blade, bubble breakage by blade shear, and breakage by turbulent fluctuation away from the blade. The number of fragments by each breakage mechanism was specified for the entire range of Re. The four-flat blades impeller exhibited the highest breakage probability and produced the highest number of fragments. The Pinned blades gave a high performance compared to the smooth blades, especially at higher Re. This is considered to be due to the high turbulence level provided by this type of impeller. The twisted blades impeller showed low bubble breakage probability compared with the other geometries. Breakages by collision with the blades and by shearing effect resulted in a higher number of fragments compared to the breakages caused by turbulent fluctuations. The number of fragments produced by ‘collision with blade’ exhibited a higher dependence on Re than by ‘blade shear’ or by ‘turbulent fluctuations’.
Two-phase modeling of flow control of laminar Fe3O4-water nanofluid flow around the cylinder by Kelvin force of wire magnetic field using ferro hydrodynamics principles
Authors: Motlagh Saber Yekani , Tolouei Ehsan , Tolouei Iman 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Controlling the destructive behavior of the wake region and consequently drag reduction are great challenges in fluid mechanics and ocean engineering. In this paper, the effect of the non-uniform magnetic field on controlling the flow and consequently drag reduction has been studied in laminar flow of magnetic nanofluid around a circular cylinder. The source of the magnetic field is a single current-carrying wire located in the center of the cylinder. The nanofluid consists of Fe3O4 as nanoparticles and water as the base flow. The ranges of Reynolds number (Re), volume fraction (ϕ), and the diameters of nanoparticles are 1.6 < Re < 180, 0 < ϕ < 0.04 and 15 < dp < 25, respectively.
The modified Buongiorno model that contains the magnetophoresis term is utilized to perform two-phase modeling of magnetic nanofluid flow. Finite volume method and PISO (Pressure-implicit With Splitting Of Operators) algorithm are utilized for the discretization of the governing unsteady equations including conservation laws of mass, volume fraction transport, and momentum equations by considering the ferrohydrodynamics (FHD) force as the source term. The results showed a significant effect of magnetic field intensity and volume fraction on the flow parameters such as drag coefficient, strouhal number, wake length, etc. In general, increasing the magnetic field in various volume fractions and various nanoparticle diameters reduces the amount of drag coefficient. The effective parameters for flow controlling are ordered as follows regarding their effectiveness: magnetic field intensity, volume fraction and diameter of the nanoparticles, respectively.
Hybrid real- and reciprocal-space full-field imaging with coherent illumination
Authors: Li Po-Nan , Wakatsuki Soichi , Pianetta Piero A , Liu Yijin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present a novel diffractive imaging method that harnesses a low-resolution real-space image to guide the phase retrieval. A computational algorithm is developed to utilise such prior knowledge as a real-space constraint in the iterative phase retrieval procedure. Numerical simulations and proof-of-concept experiments are carried out, demonstrating our method’s capability of reconstructing high-resolution details that are otherwise inaccessible with traditional phasing algorithms. With the present method, we formulate a conceptual design for the coherent imaging experiments at a next-generation x-ray light source.
Influence of temperature on the creep behaviour by macroindentation of Cocos nucifera shells and Canarium schweinfurthii cores (bio-shellnut wastes in Cameroon)
Authors: Ganou Koungang Bernard Morino , Ndapeu Dieunedort , Tchuindjang Jerôme Tchoufang , Ntcheping Bernard Wenga , Tchemou Gilbert , Bistac Sophie , Njeugna Ebénézer , Courard Luc 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to show how temperature modifies the mechanical characteristics of the Cocos nucifera (CN) shells and the Canarium schweinfurthii (CS) cores. The test consisted in performing an instrumented macroindentation on prismatic specimens in an adiabatic chamber; the indentation carried out according to four temperature ranges (30 °C, 50 °C, 70 °C, 90 °C). The Oliver and Pharr method is used for the analysis of mechanical parameters in indentation: reduced Young’s modulus, hardness, creep coefficient. These parameters have enabled to estimate indirect characteristics such as toughness and ultimate mechanical stress to be obtained. The creep data are simulated to have the rheological model to these materials by considering the statistical criteria. As a global observation, when the temperature increases, the mechanical parameters decrease; although CN is more sensitive to the temperature gradient than CS, these 2 materials show performances that allow them to be classified as engineering polymer materials according to the Ashby diagram.
Development and optical characterization of an atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma jet for superhydrophobic surface fabrication
Authors: Khanikar Rakesh Ruchel , Boruah Palash Jyoti , Bailung H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma jets are becoming subject of great attention in various fields such as plasma processing and biomedical applications due to their ability to produce highly reactive species and good reaction chemistry at low gas temperatures. In the present study, a non-thermal plasma jet operating on argon gas at atmospheric pressure aimed mainly towards surface modification and thin film deposition applications has been developed. Optical emission spectroscopy is used to evaluate the plasma parameters. The gas temperature (800 ± 50 K) is estimated from OH(A-X) rotational band. The excitation temperature is measured using intensity ratio of two argon lines and is found to be 0.241–0.273 eV and the corresponding electron temperatures have been measured. Electron density of the order of 1014 cm−3 has been obtained from the Stark broadening of Balmer H
β
line. The plasma jet has been successfully employed to deposit a superhydrophobic thin film of SiwCxHyOz using hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) precursor monomer. The deposited film has been analyzed using XRD, FTIR, SEM, AFM, and contact angle analyzer. All the treated surfaces have shown superhydrophobic property with a contact angle greater than 150° showing numerous potential in various applications. This method is a relatively easy and environmental friendly way of fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces.
Minimal prezygotic isolation between ecologically divergent sibling species
Authors: Talavera Janelle B , Collosi Emma , Clark Meaghan I , Robertson Jeanne M , Gray David A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDivergence in mating signals typically accompanies speciation. We examine two ecologically divergent sibling species of crickets to assess the degree and timing of the evolution of prezygotic reproductive isolation. Gryllus saxatilis occurs in rocky habitats throughout western North America with long-winged individuals capable of long-distance dispersal; Gryllus navajo is endemic to red-rock sandstone areas of south-eastern Utah and north-eastern Arizona and has short-winged individuals only capable of limited dispersal. Previous genetic work suggested some degree of introgression and/or incomplete lineage sorting is likely. Here we: (1) use restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) genetic data to describe the degree of genetic divergence among species and populations; (2) examine the strength of prezygotic isolation by (i) quantifying differences among male mating songs, and (ii) testing whether females prefer G. saxatilis or G. navajo calling songs. Our results show that genetically distinct “pure” species populations and genetically intermediate populations exist. Male mating songs are statistically distinguishable, but the absolute differences are small. In playback experiments, females from pure populations had no preference based on song; however, females from a genetically intermediate population preferred G. navajo song. Together these results suggest that prezygotic isolation is minimal, and mediated by female behaviour in admixed populations.
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: what we do and do not know
Authors: Specchio Nicola , Curatolo Paolo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Developmental encephalopathies, including intellectual disability and autistic spectrum disorder, are frequently associated with infant epilepsy. Epileptic encephalopathy is used to describe an assumed causal relationship between epilepsy and developmental delay. Developmental encephalopathies pathogenesis more independent from epilepsy is supported by the identification of several gene variants associated with both developmental encephalopathies and epilepsy, the possibility for gene-associated developmental encephalopathies without epilepsy, and the continued development of developmental encephalopathies even when seizures are controlled. Hence, ‘developmental and epileptic encephalopathy’ may be a more appropriate term than epileptic encephalopathy. This update considers the best studied ‘developmental and epileptic encephalopathy’ gene variants for illustrative support for ‘developmental and epileptic encephalopathy’ over epileptic encephalopathy. Moreover, the interaction between epilepsy and developmental encephalopathies is considered with respect to influence on treatment decisions. Continued research in genetic testing will increase access to clinical tests, earlier diagnosis, better application of current treatments, and potentially provide new molecular-investigated treatments.
Intricacies of aetiology in intrafamilial degenerative disease
Authors: Lowry Jessica L , Ryan Éanna B , Esengul Y Taylan , Siddique Nailah , Siddique Teepu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The genetic underpinnings of late-onset degenerative disease have typically been determined by screening families for the segregation of genetic variants with the disease trait in affected, but not unaffected, individuals. However, instances of intrafamilial etiological heterogeneity, where pathogenic variants in a culprit gene are not shared among all affected family members, continue to emerge and confound gene-discovery and genetic counselling efforts. Discordant intrafamilial cases lacking a mutation shared by other affected family members are described as disease phenocopies. This description often results in an over-simplified acceptance of an environmental cause of disease in the phenocopy cases, while the role of intrafamilial genetic heterogeneity, shared de novo mutations or epigenetic aberrations in such families is often ignored. On a related note, it is now evident that the same disease-associated variant can be present in individuals exhibiting clinically distinct phenotypes, thereby genetically uniting seemingly unrelated syndromes to form a spectrum of disease. Herein, we discuss the intricacies of determining complex degenerative disease aetiology and suggest alternative mechanisms of disease transmission that may account for the apparent missing heritability of disease.