bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting the Spinel Structure for Li‐ion Battery Applications: A Tribute to John B. Goodenough
Authors: Thackeray Michael M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis review provides a personal account of career‐long efforts, interwoven with the contributions of others, to exploit the [B2]O4 framework of an A[B2]O4 spinel structure for lithium‐ion battery applications, where A = Li, and B is one or more metal cations. The narrative starts at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in South Africa in the mid‐1970s when, in response to the Middle East oil crisis, worldwide efforts were turned to develop high‐temperature sodium and lithium batteries to power electric vehicles. In 1981, results in CSIR's program on a high‐temperature lithium battery led to a collaborative project on room‐temperature lithium cells with Prof. John B. Goodenough at Oxford University, where studies of Fe3O4, Mn3O4, and LiMn2O4 cathodes led to the recognition of the broad utility of the [B2]O4 spinel framework as an anode, cathode, or solid electrolyte for rechargeable lithium cells. This finding has had a profound and lasting impact, influencing further ideas and discoveries at the CSIR, Argonne National Laboratory, and elsewhere. The narrative emphasizes the compositional versatility of the spinel structure and the opportunities to tailor the electrochemical potential and stability of a Li‐ion cell.
Shade stress decreased maize grain yield, dry matter, and nitrogen accumulation
Authors: Gao Jia , Liu Zheng , Zhao Bin , Dong Shuting , Liu Peng , Zhang Jiwang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractShade stress severely limits plant growth and crop productivity. This study investigated the relationship between shade stress and nitrogen (N) accumulation in maize at different growth stages. Field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 with three shading treatments: from emergence stage (VE) to physiological maturity (R6) (whole‐season shade), from six‐leaf (V6) to tassel stage (VT) (midseason shade), and from VT to R6 (late‐season shade). Ambient sunlight was used as control (CK). Two hybrids, Zhengdan958 (ZD958) and Denghai 605 (DH605), were used. This study focused on accumulation and partition of dry matter (DM) and N based on the above treatments. Shading reduced DM and N accumulation of maize, which decreased yield. In addition, 15N stable isotope tracing revealed that shading disrupted N accumulation, partitioning, and remobilization in different organs. The contents of grain 15N in whole‐season shade, midseason shade, and late‐season shade from ZD958 decreased by 60, 28, and 50%, respectively, compared with those in CK, and DH605 decreased by 70, 32, and 51%, respectively. Our results indicate that yield decline can be mainly attributed to DM and that N accumulation and remobilization were disrupted by shading at different maize growth stages. Shading during the vegetative stage and reproductive stage reduced N accumulation, and shading during the reproductive stage mainly promoted N transport from other organs to grain, which mitigated some of the effects of reduced N absorption.
Seeding rate effects on organic rice growth, yield, and economic returns
Authors: Li Xiufen , Dou Fugen , Watkins Kenton B. , Wang Shu , Chen Kun , Zhou Xin‐Gen , McClung Anna , Storlien Joseph O. , Hons Frank M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeeding rate is an important factor in optimizing yield components and thus grain yield of conventional rice (Oryza sativa L.), yet limited information on its effect on organic rice production is available. A field study was conducted under organic management over 2 yr to comprehensively evaluate the effects of seeding rate (108, 161, 215, 269, 323, 376, and 431 seeds m−2) and rice cultivar (Presidio [inbred] and XP753 [hybrid]) on yield components, grain yield, milling quality, weed density, and economic returns. Seeding rate had significant effects on seedling stand density and dry biomass with positive linear correlations. Yield linearly increased with increasing seeding rate with the greatest yields of 3,462 kg ha−1 for Presidio and 7,508 kg ha−1 for XP753 at the highest seeding rate tested. Panicle number was positively correlated with seeding rate, while milling quality was not affected by seeding rate. The linear‐plateau (LP) model fit best for Presidio and the quadratic‐plateau (QP) model fit best for XP753 to estimate the ex ante economic optimum seeding rate (EOSR). The EOSR was 87 kg ha−1 (340 seeds m−2) for Presidio and 48 kg ha−1 (192 seeds m−2) for XP753. Using the EOSR, producers could expect a yield of 3053 kg ha−1 and an economic return of US$1,288−$1,346 ha−1 for Presidio, and a yield of 5,835−6,092 kg ha−1 and an economic return of $1,986−$2,686 ha−1 for XP753.
Synthesis of C1−C9 and C10−C21 Fragments of (−)‐Dolabriferol
Authors: Bandaru Anandaraju , Si Debjani , Kaliappan Krishna P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOur efforts on the synthesis of C1−C9 and C10−C21 subunits of dolabriferol, a non‐contiguous polypropionate marine natural product, from a common intermediate using two non‐aldol variants is reported. i) Shimizu reaction, a Pd(0) mediated stereoselective epoxy‐ring opening of alkenyl oxiranes, has been employed for the stereoselective installation of methyl groups at C4 and C13 and ii) Bode's protocol, a NHC‐mediated reaction on β‐epoxy aldehydes, has been utilized for stereoselective construction of methyl and hydroxyl groups in anti‐fashion at C6−C7 and C15−C16 in the natural product.
Redox‐Active Hybrid Polyoxometalate‐Stabilised Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Martin Carmen , Kastner Katharina , Cameron Jamie M. , Hampson Elizabeth , Alves Fernandes Jesum , Gibson Emma K. , Walsh Darren A. , Sans Victor , Newton Graham N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report the design and preparation of multifunctional hybrid nanomaterials through the stabilization of gold nanoparticles with thiol‐functionalised hybrid organic–inorganic polyoxometalates (POMs). The covalent attachment of the hybrid POM forms new nanocomposites that are stable at temperatures and pH values which destroy analogous electrostatically functionalised nanocomposites. Photoelectrochemical analysis revealed the unique photochemical and redox properties of these systems.
Emergence of a Radical‐Stabilizing Metal–Organic Framework as a Radio‐photoluminescence Dosimeter
Authors: Liu Hanzhou , Qin Haoming , Shen Nannan , Yan Siqi , Wang Yaxing , Yin Xuemiao , Chen Xinjian , Zhang Chao , Dai Xing , Zhou Ruhong , Ouyang Xiaoping , Chai Zhifang , Wang Shuao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRadio‐photoluminescence (RPL) materials display a distinct radiation‐induced permanent luminescence center, and therefore find application in the detection of ionizing radiation. The current inventory of RPL materials, which were discovered by serendipity, has been limited to a small number of metal‐ion‐doped inorganic materials. Here we document the RPL of a metal–organic framework (MOF) for the first time: X‐ray induced free radicals are accumulated on the organic linker and are subsequently stabilized in the conjugated fragment in the structure, while the metal center acts as the X‐ray attenuator. These radicals afford new emission features in both UV‐excited and X‐ray excited luminescence spectra, making it possible to establish linear relationships between the radiation dose and the normalized intensity of the new emission feature. The MOF‐based RPL materials exhibit advantages in terms of the dose detection range, reusability, emission stability, and energy threshold. Based on a comprehensive electronic structure and energy diagram study, the rational design and a substantial expansion of candidate RPL materials can be anticipated.
Free Fatty Acids in Commercial Krill Oils: Concentrations, Compositions, and Implications for Oxidative Stability
Authors: Fuller Ioan D. , Cumming Adam H. , Card Asli , Burgess Elaine J. , Barrow Colin J. , Perry Nigel B. , Killeen Daniel P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe concentrations and pro‐oxidative effects of free fatty acids in commercial krill oil are not well defined. We now report that krill oil free fatty acids account for 2–13% of total lipids in commercial krill oil (n = 8) that these compounds are enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (+7.1%) and docosahexaenoic acid (+6.3%) relative to whole oils; and that this composition make them highly pro‐oxidizing in marine triacylglycerol oils, but not in krill oil, which derives oxidative stability from both its phospholipids, and neutral lipids (the latter because of astaxanthin). Specific fatty acid esterification patterns showed that krill oil free fatty acids predominantly (88–93%) originated from phospholipids, mainly from the sn‐2 position, which was eight‐fold more hydrolyzed than the sn‐1 position. Lipolysis was not ongoing in stored oils. Adding small amounts of krill oil (1–5%) to marine triacylglycerol oils significantly increased their oxidative stability and also their resistance to free fatty acid‐mediated pro‐oxidative effects.
Synthesis of the C1‐C10 Fragment of Muamvatin
Authors: Bandaru Anandaraju , Kaliappan Krishna P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis report delineates our efforts towards the synthesis of a stereochemically well‐defined ketone, the C1−C10 fragment of muamvatin, the first example of a 2, 4, 6‐trioxaadamantane ring skeletal polypropionate marine natural product, using two non‐aldol variants. i) The Shimizu reaction, a Pd(0) mediated stereoselective epoxy‐ring opening of alkenyl oxiranes, was employed for the stereoselective installation of methyl groups in syn‐fashion and ii) Bode's protocol, a NHC‐mediated reaction on β‐epoxy aldehydes, was utilized for stereoselective construction of methyl and hydroxyl groups in anti‐fashion.
Techno‐economic evaluation of a natural deep eutectic solvent‐based biorefinery: Exploring different design scenarios
Authors: Kumar Adepu K. , Sharma Shaishav , Dixit Gaurav , Shah Ekta , Patel Aesha , Boczkaj Grzegorz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive techno‐economic evaluation of an integrated natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES)‐based biorefinery – a 1 ton day−1 capacity design plant. The key parameters include payback period, net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR). These were compared with the parameters of conventional biorefineries. The ‘nth plant’ results clearly revealed that the single product‐based biorefinery is not a sustainable approach. Hence, value‐added products viz., cellulose, lignin, xylan, silica, etc., play a vital role in the cost‐effectiveness of bio‐based biorefineries. Based on ‘base‐case’ experimental results, a pilot‐scale plant design scenario is most feasible, with a NPV of 1.4 million USD, >100% IRR, and a payback period of <2 years. Sensitivity analysis revealed that lignin has the greatest impact on revenue. This report proves that multi‐product biorefineries provide better sustainability. The concepts of solvent recycling and reuse, and key challenges to the commercialization of this design approach, were also discussed. The application of NADES in biorefineries, has several advantages, making the implementation of NADES a key feature for increased sustainability in this industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A systematic review of evidence for and against routine surveillance imaging after completing treatment for childhood extracranial solid tumors
Authors: Morgan Jessica E. , Walker Ruth , Harden Melissa , Phillips Robert S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRegular off‐treatment imaging is often used to assess for recurrence of disease after childhood cancer treatment. It is unclear if this increases survival, or what burden surveillance places on patients, families, or health‐care services. This systematic review examines the impact of routine surveillance imaging after treatment of pediatric extracranial solid tumors.MethodsCollaborative patient and public involvement informed the design and interpretation of this work. Thirteen electronic databases, conference proceedings, and trial registries were searched alongside reference list checking and forward citation searching from 1990 onwards. Studies were screened and data were extracted by two researchers. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified ROBINS‐I tool. Relevant outcomes were overall survival, psychological distress indicators, number of imaging tests, cost‐effectiveness, and qualitative data regarding experiences of surveillance programs. PROSPERO (CRD42018103764).ResultsOf 17 727 records identified, 55 studies of 10 207 patients were included. All studies used observational methods. Risk of bias for all except one study was moderate, serious, or critical. Data were too few to conduct meta‐analysis; however, narrative synthesis was performed. Surveillance strategies varied, and poorly reported, involving many scans and substantial radiation exposure (eg, neuroblastoma, median 133.5 mSv). For most diseases, surveillance imaging was not associated with increased overall survival, with the probable exception of Wilms tumor. No qualitative or psychological distress data were identified.ConclusionsAt present, there is insufficient evidence to evaluate the effects of routine surveillance imaging on survival in most pediatric extracranial solid tumors. More high‐quality data are required, preferably through randomized controlled trials with well‐conducted qualitative elements.
Impact of perceived value on casual mobile game loyalty: The moderating effect of intensity of playing
Authors: Molinillo Sebastian , Japutra Arnold , Liébana‐Cabanillas Francisco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe retention rate of mobile game players is one of the subjects that spark most interest in the industry, as many abandon the games only a few hours after downloading them. This study examines the antecedents of loyalty towards mobile games from the perspective of perceived value and explores the moderating effect of intensity of playing. The results revealed that hedonic value (i.e., perceived enjoyment and perceived attractiveness) and, to a lesser extent, utilitarian value (i.e., effort expectancy and perceived usefulness) are crucial in the loyalty that players feel towards mobile games. Intensity of playing weakens the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment and loyalty intention. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications are provided.
Nucleophilic RhI Catalyzed Selective Isomerization of Terminal Aziridines to Enamides
Authors: Tian Yingying , Kunz Doris 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe selective isomerization of various terminal N‐Boc protected aziridines to enamides was realized using the highly reactive nucleophilic rhodium catalyst C with the Lewis acid LiNTf2 as co‐catalyst under moderate conditions. The reaction proceeds smoothly with only 1 mol% catalyst loading and excellent yields were achieved. An intermediate containing an enamide with a non‐conjugated terminal C=C double bond was detected during the course of the reaction, which isomerizes to form the thermodynamically favored 2‐amido styrene. Mechanistic insight is gained based on these observations.
Chemical Functionalization of 2D Materials
Authors: Martín Nazario , Tagmatarchis Nikos , Wang Qing Hua , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis Special Issue of Chemistry–A European Journal is dedicated to the Chemical Functionalization of 2D Materials, and features some great contributions from experts in the field of 2D materials. This issue was originally assembled to support the Symposium G “Chemical Functionalization of 2D Materials” at the European Materials Research Society (E‐MRS) 2020 Spring Meeting, which was originally scheduled to be held in Strasbourg, France, from May 25th to 29th, 2020. Although the E‐MRS 2020 Spring Meeting has been cancelled due to the COVID‐19 outbreak, the publication of this Special Issue has proceeded and has become even more important as the contributors discuss diverse and timely research themes related to 2D materials. In this Editorial, a brief overview of the different types of 2D materials is given, together with the chemical functionalization schemes that can be applied to them to achieve new properties as well as enable improved performance in applications. Some of the articles featured in this Special Issue are also highlighted, with the hope that they will inspire readers and further advance the field.
The Underlying Chemistry to the Formation of PO2 Radicals from Organophosphorus Compounds: A Missing Puzzle Piece in Flame Chemistry
Authors: Liang Shuyu , Hemberger Patrick , Steglich Mathias , Simonetti Pietro , Levalois‐Grützmacher Joëlle , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Gaan Sabyasachi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReactive species, such as .PO2 and HOPO, are considered of upmost importance in flame inhibition and catalytic combustion processes of fuels. However, the underlying chemistry of their formation remains speculative due to the unavailability of suitable analytical techniques that can be used to identify the transient species which lead to their formation. This study elucidates the reaction mechanisms of the formation of phosphoryl species from dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) and dimethyl methyl phosphoramidate (DMPR) under well‐defined oxidative conditions. Photoelectron photoion coincidence techniques that utilized vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation were applied to isomer‐selectively detect the elusive key intermediates and stable products. With the help of in situ recorded spectral fingerprints, different transient species, such as PO2 and triplet O radicals, have been exclusively identified from their isomeric components, which has helped to piece together the formation mechanisms of phosphoryl species under various conditions. It was found that .PO2 formation required oxidative conditions above 1070 K. The combined presence of O2 and H2 led to significant changes in the decomposition chemistry of both model phosphorus compounds, leading to the formation of .PO2. The reaction .PO+O2→.PO2+O: was identified as the key step in the formation of .PO2. Interestingly, the presence of O2 in DMPR thermolysis suppresses the formation of PN‐containing species. In a previous study, PN species were identified as the major species formed during the pyrolysis of DMPR. Thus, the findings of this study has shed light onto the decomposition pathways of organophosphorus compounds, which are beneficial for their fuel additive and fire suppressant applications.
Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed General Petasis Allylation and Isoprenylation of Unactivated Ketones
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhao Zhen‐Ni , Zhang Yu‐Long , Liu Jun , Yuan Quan , Schneider Uwe , Huang Yi‐Yong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBrønsted acid‐catalyzed general Petasis allylation and isoprenylation of unactivated ketones were developed by using o‐hydroxyaniline and the corresponding pinacolyl boronic esters. This robust methodology provided access to a broad variety of quaternary homoallylic amines and dienyl amines in high yields, proved to be applicable to a gram‐scale synthesis, and allowed the synthesis of a potentially bioactive quaternary homoallylic aminodiol.
Anthranoxides as Highly Reactive Arynophiles for the Synthesis of Triptycenes
Authors: Iwata Takayuki , Hyodo Mizuki , Fukami Takuto , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Shindo Mitsuru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report herein an efficient method to synthesize triptycenes by the reaction of benzynes and anthranoxides, which are electron‐rich and readily prepared from the corresponding anthrones. Using this method, 1,9‐syn‐substituted triptycenes were regioselectively obtained employing 3‐methoxybenzynes. This method was also applied to synthesize pentiptycenes. A DFT study revealed that the cycloaddition of lithium anthranoxide and benzyne proceeds stepwise.
Hollow‐Structured Electrode Materials: Self‐Templated Synthesis and Their Potential in Secondary Batteries
Authors: Lu Si‐Qi , Sun Yong‐Gang , Xu Yan‐Song , Guo Si‐Jie , Cao An‐Min , Wan Li‐Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHollow‐structured electrode materials have found broad applications in secondary batteries. The built‐in cavity of the prepared materials shows favorable features such as structural stability against volumetric deformation, good reservoir for electrolyte, and fast charge transport kinetics, which are highly efficient to improve the electrochemical performance of the electrode materials, particularly their cycling stability and high rate capability. However, the full potential of hollow‐structured materials is restrained by their limited synthesis capability, which currently relies on template‐based protocols with well‐known challenges in both product yield and operational convenience. In this review, the recent progress on different synthetic methodologies for the creation of hollow structures without the use of extra templates is summarized. Starting from solid precursors, focus is laid on the formation mechanisms for the creation of a cavity inside the electrode materials, and subsequently different driving forces such as Ostwald ripening, Kirkendall effect, and selective etching of an inhomogeneous particle are discussed, highlighting the self‐templated processes as designable and scalable ones with good control on the key structural characters. Furthermore, the applications of hollow structures in different kinds of battery systems are discussed in terms of building up a clear structure‐performance relationship of the electrode materials. Finally, we provide a perspective on the development trends of self‐templated construction of hollow structures.
T Cell Receptor Engineered Lymphocytes for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Rollins Meagan R. , Spartz Ellen J. , Stromnes Ingunn M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractT lymphocytes are capable of specific recognition and elimination of target cells. Physiological antigen recognition is mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR), which is an alpha beta heterodimer comprising the products of randomly rearranged V, D, and J genes. The exquisite specificity and functionality of T cells can be leveraged for cancer therapy: specifically, the adoptive transfer of T cells that express tumor‐reactive TCRs can induce regression of solid tumors in patients with advanced cancer. However, the isolation and expression of a tumor antigen‐specific TCRs is a highly involved process that requires identifying an immunogenic epitope, ensuring human cells are of the correct haplotype, performing a laborious T cell expansion process, and carrying out downstream TCR sequencing and cloning. Recent advances in single‐cell sequencing have begun to streamline this process. This protocol synthesizes and expands upon methodologies to generate, isolate, and engineer human T cells with tumor‐reactive TCRs for adoptive cell therapy. Though this process is perhaps more arduous than the alternative strategy of using chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) for engineering, the ability to target intracellular proteins using TCRs substantially increases the types of antigens that can be safely targeted. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Generation of human autologous dendritic cells from monocytesBasic Protocol 2: In vitro priming and expansion of human antigen‐specific T cellsBasic Protocol 3: Cloning of antigen‐specific T cell receptors based on single‐cell VDJ sequencing dataBasic Protocol 4: Validation of T cell receptor expression and functionality in vitroBasic Protocol 5: Rapid expansion of T cell receptor–transduced T cells and human T cell clones