bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive factors for sepsis by carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli in adult critical patients in Rio de Janeiro: a case-case-control design in a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lima Elisangela M. , Cid Patrícia A. , Beck Debora S. , Pinheiro Luiz Henrique Z. , Tonhá João Pedro S. , Alves Marcio Z. O. , Lourenço Newton D. , Santos Roberto Q. , Asensi Marise D. , Marques José Aurélio , Bandeira Carolina S. , Rodrigues Caio Augusto S. , Gomes Junior Saint Clair S. , Gomes Marisa Z. R. ,   the Nucleus of Hospital Research study collaborators, Magalhães Glória Regina A. A. , Silva Priscila P. , Reis Di Chiara Scyla Maria S. A. S. , Machado Amanda Aparecida S. , Tozo Thaisa M. , Rosas Lucas Lameirão P. A. , Barros Paulo C. M. , de Freitas Wania V. , Assef Ana Paula D. C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies have investigated risk factors for infections by specific species of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB), but few considered the group of GNB species and most of them were performed in the setting of bacteremia or hospital infection. This study was implemented to identify risk factors for sepsis by CR- and carbapenem-susceptible (CS) GNB in intensive care unit (ICU) patients to improve management strategies for CR-GNB sepsis.MethodsWe developed a case-case-control study from a prospective cohort of patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis-2 or sepsis-3 criteria in which blood and other sample cultures were collected and antimicrobial therapy was instituted, in an adult clinical-surgical ICU, at tertiary public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, from August 2015 through March 2017.ResultsAmong the total of 629 ICU admissions followed by 7797 patient-days, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria we identified 184 patients who developed recurrent or single hospital-acquired sepsis. More than 90% of all evaluable cases of sepsis and 87% of control group fulfilled the modified sepsis-3 definition. Non-fermenting bacilli and ventilator-associated pneumonia predominated as etiology and source of CR-GNB sepsis. While Enterobacteriaceae and intra-abdominal surgical site plus urinary-tract infections prevailed in CS-GNB than CR-GNB sepsis. Carbapenemase production was estimated in 76% of CR-GNB isolates. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed previous infection (mostly hospital-acquired bacterial infection or sepsis) (OR = 4.28; 95% CI 1.77–10.35), mechanical ventilation (OR = 4.21; 95% CI 1.17–15.18), carbapenem use (OR = 3.42; 95% CI 1.37–8.52) and length of hospital stay (OR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.01–1.05) as independent risk factors for sepsis by CR-GNB. While ICU readmission (OR = 6.92; 95% CI 1.72–27.78) and nosocomial diarrhea (OR = 5.32; 95% CI 1.07–26.45) were factors associated with CS-GNB sepsis.ConclusionsThe investigation of recurrent and not only bacteremic episodes of sepsis was the differential of this study. The results are in agreement with the basic information in the literature. This may help improve management strategies and future studies on sepsis by CR-GNB.
Effect of persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki) on goblet cell density and inflammation in experimental dry eye model
Authors: Kim Kyung-A , Lee Chung Hyun , Kang Tae Kyeom , Yang Sung Jae , Lee Chang Yong , Lee Wook-Bin , Jung Sang Hoon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe efficacy of ethanol extract ofDiospyros kaki(EEDK) on dry eye (DE) was determined using an experimental mouse model. Experimental groups included three treated with various amounts of EEDK and one treated with omega-3 for 2 weeks. Damage to the ocular surface was evaluated, and the presence of conjunctival goblet cells was determined. Moreover, the inflammatory response was analyzed via RT-PCR analysis and a reporter gene assay. Fluorescein staining intensity decreased in the EEDK treatment group, and goblet cell density increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were upregulated in human corneal epithelial cells treated with Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)-4. However, pro-inflammatory cytokines were downregulated at the mRNA level upon treatment with EEDK. Furthermore, EEDK regulated Pam3CSK4-induced gene expression through interferon regulatory factors. EEDK effectively improves the conjunctival goblet cell density and reduces the inflammatory response by reducing interferon regulatory factor activation downstream of Toll-like receptors in DE. Therefore, EEDK could be beneficial agents for preventing and treating DE.
Microfinance services for smallholder farmers: an assessment from rice farmers’ expectations in Central Benin
Authors: Dossou Smith A. R. , Aoudji Augustin K. N. , Houessou Albertine M. , Kaki Rodrigue S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study analyzed the adequacy between credit supply and the expectations of rice farmers in Central Benin to define policies for improved agricultural-oriented financial services. A survey was conducted in October 2016 among 120 rice farmers randomly selected from six rice-farming villages. Data collected through structured and semi-structured interviews included the financial services offered by Microfinance Institutions, socio-demographic characteristics of rice farmers, their expectations and perception. Multivariate analysis combining hierarchical ascending cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to define the distinct groups of rice farmers according to their credit expectations. The unmet expectations of rice farmers for a credit scheme that suits their needs were identified based on the gaps between their expectations and perception. There were three rice farmers’ clusters with distinct characteristics based on their expectations. These farmers were not satisfied with all the attributes of the current credit scheme. Pending the effectiveness of the agricultural bank, the approaches such as the inventory credit system are useful in facilitating credit access to smallholder farmers. It is also essential to combine credit supply with financial education and technical support in a system such as contract farming.
Lipid-specific IgMs induce antiviral responses in the CNS: implications for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hayden Lorna , Semenoff Tiia , Schultz Verena , Merz Simon F. , Chapple Katie J. , Rodriguez Moses , Warrington Arthur E. , Shi Xiaohong , McKimmie Clive S. , Edgar Julia M. , Thümmler Katja , Linington Chris , Pingen Marieke 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProgressive multi-focal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a potentially fatal encephalitis caused by JC polyomavirus (JCV). PML principally affects people with a compromised immune system, such as patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving treatment with natalizumab. However, intrathecal synthesis of lipid-reactive IgM in MS patients is associated with a markedly lower incidence of natalizumab-associated PML compared to those without this antibody repertoire. Here we demonstrate that a subset of lipid-reactive human and murine IgMs induce a functional anti-viral response that inhibits replication of encephalitic Alpha and Orthobunyaviruses in multi-cellular central nervous system cultures. These lipid-specific IgMs trigger microglia to produce IFN-β in a cGAS-STING-dependent manner, which induces an IFN-α/β-receptor 1-dependent antiviral response in glia and neurons. These data identify lipid-reactive IgM as a mediator of anti-viral activity in the nervous system and provide a rational explanation why intrathecal synthesis of lipid-reactive IgM correlates with a reduced incidence of iatrogenic PML in MS.
Characterization of anti-plasmodial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory fraction of Maytenus senegalensis (lam.) Exell leaf extract in mice
Authors: Jigam Ali A. , Musa Rachael , Abdullahi Abdulkadir , Lawal Bashir 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment inadequacy and toxicity associated with conventional anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs has called for the search of alternatives from medicinal plants, particularly, their phytochemicals with inherent pharmacological properties. In the present study, purified fraction ofM. senegalensisleaf was evaluated for antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.MethodAntimalarial study was conducted againstPlasmodium chabaudiandPlasmodium bergheiusing 4 days suppressive test, while anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies were conducted using egg albumin induced paw oedema and acetic acid induced pain model respectively. Sub-acute toxicity was assessed using serum biochemical parameters following 3 weeks administrations of the purified fraction.ResultsThe purified fraction ofM. senegalensisleaf shows dose dependent antiplasmodial activity with percentage curative effects of 15.24 ± 0.89, 45.70 ± 3.43 and 48.50 ± 4.56 at 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg bw againstPlasmodium chabaudiand % curative effects of 44.25 ± 3.21, 72.74 ± 6.54 and 76.30 ± 8.32 respectively againstPlasmodium berghei.The purified fraction exhibited 53.16 ± 4.09 and 60.76 ± 7.54 anti-inflammatory effect, 43.35 ± 4.98% and 44.83 ± 3.86% analgesic effect at 75 and 150 mg/kg bw respectively. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of 20α)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-24-nor-friedela-1(10),3,5,7-tetraen-carboxylic acid-(29)-methylester, 2(4H)-Benzofuranone, 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro- and 3-hydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-ol and a terpenes (phytol) as the major antimalarial compounds in the fraction. The purified fraction increases the serum total proteins and transaminases concentrations but had no effect on serum levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride and glucose in the mice.ConclusionThe purified fraction ofM. senegalensisleaf exhibited promising antimalarial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, could serve as a template for the synthesis of new drug.
Anti-diabetic effects of pomegranate extracts in long-term high fructose-fat fed rats
Authors: Amri Zahra , Ben Khedher Mohamed Raâfet , Zaibi Mohamed Sghaier , Kharroubi Wafa , Turki Mouna , Ayadi Fatma , Hammami Mohamed 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundA high-sugar or/and high-fat diets is a major risk factors for obesity. However, increased fruit and vegetable intake has been recently linked to obesity prevention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive effects of pomegranate leaves (PL), juice (PJ) and peel (PP) extracts, on insulin resistance and oxidative stress in high fat and high fructose diet-induced obese rats.MethodsObesity in rats was induced by consumption of diet high in saturated fat and fructose (HFD) for a long period (12 weeks).ResultsCompared to the control group (CG) fed chow died, the high fat and high fructose diet (HFD) group showed a significant increase in the fasted plasma levels of glucose (29.8%), insulin (45%), amylase (70%) and lipase (54%). Moreover, HFD feeding has increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation and decreased antioxidant enzymes levels. However, PL, PJ and PP treatment markedly prevents glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and oxidative stress and decrease amylase and lipase levels.ConclusionThese findings highlight that a long-term intake of pomegranate extracts might be a potential alternative strategy for the prevention of a HFD induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress.
3D-printed titanium implant with pre-mounted dental implants for mandible reconstruction: a case report
Authors: Park Jung-Hyun , Odkhuu Michidgerel , Cho Sura , Li Jingwen , Park Bo-Young , Kim Jin-Woo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
This clinical case presented a novel method of segmental mandible reconstruction using 3D-printed titanium implant with pre-mounted dental implants that was planned to rehabilitate occlusion.

Case presentation
A 53-year-old male who suffered osteoradionecrosis due to the radiation after squamous cell carcinoma resection. The 3D-printed titanium implant with pre-mounted dental implant fixtures was simulated and fabricated with selective laser melting method. The implant was successfully inserted, and the discontinuous mandible defect was rehabilitated without postoperative infection or foreign body reaction during follow-ups, until a year.

Conclusions
The 3D-printed titanium implant would be the one of the suitable treatment modalities for mandible reconstruction considering all the aspect of mandibular functions.
Image-based biomechanical models of the musculoskeletal system
Authors: Galbusera Fabio , Cina Andrea , Panico Matteo , Albano Domenico , Messina Carmelo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFinite element modeling is a precious tool for the investigation of the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. A key element for the development of anatomically accurate, state-of-the art finite element models is medical imaging. Indeed, the workflow for the generation of a finite element model includes steps which require the availability of medical images of the subject of interest: segmentation, which is the assignment of each voxel of the images to a specific material such as bone and cartilage, allowing for a three-dimensional reconstruction of the anatomy; meshing, which is the creation of the computational mesh necessary for the approximation of the equations describing the physics of the problem; assignment of the material properties to the various parts of the model, which can be estimated for example from quantitative computed tomography for the bone tissue and with other techniques (elastography, T1rho, and T2 mapping from magnetic resonance imaging) for soft tissues. This paper presents a brief overview of the techniques used for image segmentation, meshing, and assessing the mechanical properties of biological tissues, with focus on finite element models of the musculoskeletal system. Both consolidated methods and recent advances such as those based on artificial intelligence are described.
Wheat root transcriptional responses against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yan Haixia , Xia Mingcong , Han Xiaoyun , Xie Lihua , Goodwin Paul H. , Quan Xin , Sun Runhong , Wu Chao , Yang Lirong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWheat root rot caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) results in severe yield losses in wheat production worldwide. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism that regulates systemic symptom development in infected wheat. Fluorescent microscopy observation of the stained wheat roots infected by Ggt showed that lesions were visible when the fungus could be detected in the endodermis, pericycle and phloem at 5 days post inoculation (dpi), and rust symptoms were visible when there was extensive fungal colonization in the root cortex at 6 dpi. Transcriptome sequencing of Ggt-inoculated wheat roots and healthy control root samples was performed at 5 dpi to identify Ggt-induced gene expression changes in wheat roots at the time of lesion formation. A total of 3973 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 1004 (25.27%) were up-regulated and 2969 (74.73%) were down-regulated in Ggt-inoculated wheat roots compared with those in control roots. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis of these DEGs revealed that many of them were associated with pathogen resistance, such as those involved in oxidation-reduction process, tryptophan biosynthesis process, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis process. Analysis of DEGs revealed that 15 DEGs were involved in cellular regulation, 57 DEGs in signal transduction pathways, and 75 DEGs in cell wall reorganization, and 23 DEGs are pathogenesis-related proteins. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) of 13 of those DEGs showed that these genes may play roles in wheat resistance against Ggt. Overall, this study represents the first transcriptional profiling of wheat roots in response to Ggt infection and further characterization of DEGs identified in this study may lead to better understanding of resistance against take-all in wheat.
The quality of work life and turnover intentions among Malaysian nurses: the mediating role of organizational commitment
Authors: Ibrahim Alzamel Luma Ghazi , Abdullah Khatijah Lim , Chong Mei Chan , Chua Yan Piaw 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the factors influencing nurses’ turnover intention, particularly the work life quality and commitment to organization, is important to all countries suffering from nursing shortage. The study aims to determine the mediating role of commitment to organization on work life quality and its relationship with turnover intention among Malaysian nurses.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional design, using a self-report survey was conducted on 430 nurses from a teaching hospital from February to April 2019. A structural equation model version 3 was used for testing study hypotheses.ResultsThe mediating effect (indirect effect) of organizational commitment on the relationship between work life quality and turnover intention (QWL→OC→IT) was negative with path coefficient − 0.234, whereas the direct effect of work life quality on turnover intention (QWL→IT) was negative with smaller path coefficient − 0.228. This means that the relationship between work life quality and turnover intention was partially mediated by the organizational commitment (P< 0.001).ConclusionOrganizational commitment has a negative partial mediating effect between work life quality of nurses and intention of turnover in teaching hospitals where the organizational commitment significantly reduced the nurses’ intention to leave. The study findings can guide nursing managers to be carefully attended to the levels of nurses’ commitment to their organization.
Two base pair deletion in IL2 receptor γ gene in NOD/SCID mice induces a highly severe immunodeficiency
Authors: Bak Inseon , Kim Doo-Jin , Kim Hyoung-Chin , Shin Hye-Jun , Yu Eunhye , Yoo Kyeong-Won , Yu Dae-Yeul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGenome editing has recently emerged as a powerful tool for generating mutant mice. Small deletions of nucleotides in the target genes are frequently found in CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutant mice. However, there are very few reports analyzing the phenotypes in small deleted mutant mice generated by CRISPR/Cas9. In this study, we generated a mutant by microinjecting sgRNAs targeting the IL2 receptor γ gene and Cas9 protein, into the cytoplasm of IVF-derived NOD.CB17/Prkdcscid/JKrb (NOD/SCID) mice embryos, and further investigated whether a 2 bp deletion of the IL2 receptor γ gene affects severe deficiency of immune cells as seen in NOD/LtSz-scid IL2 receptor γ−/−(NSG) mice. Our results show that the thymus weight of mutant mice is significantly less than that of NOD/SCID mice, whereas the spleen weight was marginally less. T and B cells in the mutant mice were severely deficient, and NK cells were almost absent. In addition, tumor growth was exceedingly increased in the mutant mice transplanted with HepG2, Raji and A549 cells, but not in nude and NOD/SCID mice. These results suggest that the NOD/SCID mice with deletion of 2 bp in the IL2 receptor γ gene shows same phenotype as NSG mice. Taken together, our data indicates that small deletions by genome editing is sufficient to generate null mutant mice.
Understanding increasing rates of psychiatric hospital detentions in England: development and preliminary testing of an explanatory model
Authors: Sheridan Rains Luke , Weich Scott , Maddock Clementine , Smith Shubulade , Keown Patrick , Crepaz-Keay David , Singh Swaran P. , Jones Rebecca , Kirkbride James , Millett Lottie , Lyons Natasha , Branthonne-Foster Stella , Johnson Sonia , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor 
Published: August 2020

Background
The steep rise in the rate of psychiatric hospital detentions in England is poorly understood.

Aims
To identify explanations for the rise in detentions in England since 1983; to test their plausibility and support from evidence; to develop an explanatory model for the rise in detentions.

Method
Hypotheses to explain the rise in detentions were identified from previous literature and stakeholder consultation. We explored associations between national indicators for potential explanatory variables and detention rates in an ecological study. Relevant research was scoped and the plausibility of each hypothesis was rated. Finally, a logic model was developed to illustrate likely contributory factors and pathways to the increase in detentions.

Results
Seventeen hypotheses related to social, service, legal and data-quality factors. Hypotheses supported by available evidence were: changes in legal approaches to patients without decision-making capacity but not actively objecting to admission; demographic changes; increasing psychiatric morbidity. Reductions in the availability or quality of community mental health services and changes in police practice may have contributed to the rise in detentions. Hypothesised factors not supported by evidence were: changes in community crisis care, compulsory community treatment and prescribing practice. Evidence was ambiguous or lacking for other explanations, including the impact of austerity measures and reductions in National Health Service in-patient bed numbers.

Conclusions
Better data are needed about the characteristics and service contexts of those detained. Our logic model highlights likely contributory factors to the rise in detentions in England, priorities for future research and potential policy targets for reducing detentions.
Silent myelin-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wood Tobias C. , Damestani Nikou L. , Lawrence Andrew J. , Ljungberg Emil , Barker Gareth J. , Solana Ana Beatriz , Wiesinger Florian , Williams Steven C.R. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Inhomogeneous Magnetization Transfer (ihMT) is an emerging, uniquely myelin-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast. Current ihMT acquisitions utilise fast Gradient Echo sequences which are among the most acoustically noisy MRI sequences, reducing patient comfort during acquisition. We sought to address this by modifying a near silent MRI sequence to include ihMT contrast. Methods: A Magnetization Transfer preparation module was incorporated into a radial Zero Echo-Time sequence. Repeatability of the ihMT ratio and inverse ihMT ratio were assessed in a cohort of healthy subjects. We also investigated how head orientation affects ihMT across subjects, as a previous study in a single subject suggests this as a potential confound. Results: We demonstrated that ihMT ratios comparable to existing, acoustically loud, implementations could be obtained with the silent sequence. We observed a small but significant effect of head orientation on inverse ihMTR. Conclusions: Silent ihMT imaging is a comparable alternative to conventional, noisy, alternatives. For all future ihMT studies we recommend careful positioning of the subject within the scanner.