bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances and Prospects in Gold‐Catalyzed C−H Activation
Authors: Meera Gopinadh , Rohit K. R. , Treesa G. S. Susan , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe omnipresent character of C−H bonds in organic molecules gives a wide variety of opportunities for the synthesis of a number of functionalized molecules by the activation of the C−H bonds. One of those methods is gold‐catalyzed C−H activation. Recent developments in the area of gold‐catalyzed C−H activation involves annulation reactions leading to the formation of heterocyclic compounds, Au‐catalyzed cross coupling reactions, and C−H functionalization reactions with high atom efficiency. In this short review we summarize the developments and studies carried out in gold‐catalyzed C−H activation over the past decade.
Aspirin desensitization therapy in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease: a systematic review
Authors: Larivée Natasha , Chin Christopher J. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundAspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) represents an aggressive form of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis that is notoriously challenging to treat. There is evidence to suggest desensitization to aspirin may improve symptomatology and disease control in these patients. The goal of our study was to critically appraise the literature on this topic and assess the effect of desensitization on sinonasal symptomatology.MethodsWe searched EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library for relevant literature. Studies were included if they were observational studies or randomized, controlled trials, had n > 1, and were published in English or French. Studies were excluded if they were systematic reviews. We assessed study for quality and presence of common sources of bias.ResultsTwenty‐four studies met the inclusion criteria. In general, polyp size, polyp recurrence, nasal symptom scores, sense of smell, number of acute rhinosinusitis episodes, and systemic steroid use improved when patients were desensitized. The vast majority of studies recommend desensitization.ConclusionThere is mounting evidence that aspirin desensitization is a valuable adjunct to treat sinonasal symptoms in the treatment of patients who have AERD.
Tuning Cellular Biological Functions Through the Controlled Release of NO from a Porous Ti‐MOF
Authors: Pinto Rosana V. , Wang Sujing , Tavares Sergio R. , Pires João , Antunes Fernando , Vimont Alexandre , Clet Guillaume , Daturi Marco , Maurin Guillaume , Serre Christian , Pinto Moisés L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMaterials for the controlled release of nitric oxide (NO) are of interest for therapeutic applications. However, to date, many suffer from toxicity and stability issues, as well as poor performance. Herein, we propose a new NO adsorption/release mechanism through the formation of nitrites on the skeleton of a titanium‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) that we named MIP‐177, featuring a suitable set of properties for such an application: (i) high NO storage capacity (3 μmol mg−1solid), (ii) excellent biocompatibility at therapeutic relevant concentrations (no cytotoxicity at 90 μg mL−1 for wound healing) due to its high stability in biological media (<9 % degradation in 72 hours) and (iii) slow NO release in biological media (≈2 hours for 90 % release). The prospective application of MIP‐177 is demonstrated through NO‐driven control of mitochondrial respiration in cells and stimulation of cell migration, paving the way for the design of new NO delivery systems for wound healing therapy.
The Crucial Role of Charge Accumulation and Spin Polarization in Activating Carbon‐Based Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Zhang Lifu , Hu Zhenpeng , Zheng Yao , Tang Cheng , Chen Ping , Wang Ruguang , Qiu Kangwen , Mao Jing , Ling Tao , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCost‐effective carbon‐based catalysts are promising for catalyzing the electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR). However, the activity origin of carbon‐based catalysts towards NRR remains unclear, and regularities and rules for the rational design of carbon‐based NRR electrocatalysts are still lacking. Based on a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental observations, chalcogen/oxygen group element (O, S, Se, Te) doped carbon materials were systematically evaluated as potential NRR catalysts. Heteroatom‐doping‐induced charge accumulation facilitates N2 adsorption on carbon atoms and spin polarization boosts the potential‐determining step of the first protonation to form *NNH. Te‐doped and Se‐doped C catalysts exhibited high intrinsic NRR activity that is superior to most metal‐based catalysts. Establishing the correlation between the electronic structure and NRR performance for carbon‐based materials paves the pathway for their NRR application.
Multivariate Modulation of the Zr MOF UiO‐66 for Defect‐Controlled Combination Anticancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Abánades Lázaro Isabel , Wells Connor J. R. , Forgan Ross S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as leading candidates for nanoscale drug delivery, as a consequence of their high drug capacities, ease of functionality, and the ability to carefully engineer key physical properties. Despite many anticancer treatment regimens consisting of a cocktail of different drugs, examples of delivery of multiple drugs from one MOF are rare, potentially hampered by difficulties in postsynthetic loading of more than one cargo molecule. Herein, we report a new strategy, multivariate modulation, which allows incorporation of up to three drugs in the Zr MOF UiO‐66 by defect‐loading. The drugs are added to one‐pot solvothermal synthesis and are distributed throughout the MOF at defect sites by coordination to the metal clusters. This tight binding comes with retention of crystallinity and porosity, allowing a fourth drug to be postsynthetically loaded into the MOFs to yield nanoparticles loaded with cocktails of drugs that show enhancements in selective anticancer cytotoxicity against MCF‐7 breast cancer cells in vitro. We believe that multivariate modulation is a significant advance in the application of MOFs in biomedicine, and anticipate the protocol will also be adopted in other areas of MOF chemistry, to easily produce defective MOFs with arrays of highly functionalised pores for potential application in gas separations and catalysis.
Continuous‐Flow Extraction of Adjacent Metals—A Disruptive Economic Window for In Situ Resource Utilization of Asteroids?
Authors: Hessel Volker , Tran Nam Nghiep , Orandi Sanaz , Asrami Mahdieh Razi , Goodsite Michael , Nguyen Hung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor the in situ resource utilization (ISRU) of asteroids, the cost–mass conundrum needs to be solved, and technologies may need to be conceptualised from first principals. By using this approach, this Review seeks to illustrate how chemical process intensification can help with the development of disruptive technologies and business matters, how this might influence space‐industry start‐ups, and even industrial transformations on Earth. The disruptive technology considered is continuous microflow solvent extraction and, as another disruptive element therein, the use of ionic liquids. The space business considered is asteroid mining, as it is probably the most challenging resource site, and the focus is on its last step: the purification of adjacent metals (cobalt versus nickel). The key economic barrier is defined as the reduction in the amount of water used in the asteroid mining process. This Review suggests a pathway toward water savings up to the technological limit of the best Earth‐based processes and their physical limits.
Highly Selective Separation of Minimum‐Boiling Azeotrope Toluene/Pyridine by Nonporous Adaptive Crystals of Cucurbit[6]uril
Authors: Li Qing , Jie Kecheng , Huang Feihe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe production of high purity toluene and pyridine is of significance in both industrial production and synthetic chemistry. The present protocols available to separate toluene/pyridine mixtures are several energy‐intensive distillation methods, which are not environmentally friendly and cost‐effective. Herein, we provide an energy‐efficient and simple adsorptive separation protocol using nonporous adaptive crystals of cucurbit[6]uril (Q[6]). Q[6] crystals separate pyridine from toluene/pyridine mixtures with nearly 100 % purity. Furthermore, removal of the guest from guest‐loaded Q[6] leads to the guest‐free cucurbit[6]uril, which can be recycled without losing performance.
Tridentate Schiff base and 4,4′‐bipyridine coordinated di/polynuclear Cu (II) complexes: Synthesis, crystal structure, DNA/protein binding and catecholase activity
Authors: Bhunia Apurba , Bertolasi Valerio , Manna Subal Chandra 
Published: January 2020

Abstract4,4′‐bipyridine bridged two Cu (II) complexes, [Cu2L12(4,4′‐bipy)(H2O)2](ClO4)2 (1) and [Cu2L22(4,4′‐bipy)]n·(2H2O)n (2) (where, HL1 = 2‐[(3‐methylamino‐propylimino)‐methyl]‐phenol, H2L2 = 3‐[(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐benzylidene)‐amino]‐propionic acid, and 4,4′‐bipy = 4,4′‐bipyridine) have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal structure determination, mass spectrometry, FT‐IR, electronic absorption, and emission spectroscopy. Complex 1 is dinuclear cationic compound and counter balanced by perchlorate anion, whereas complex 2 possesses 1D poly‐nuclear structure. Both the complexes crystallize in monoclinic system with P21/c space group and the copper centers possess square pyramidal geometry. H‐bonding, C‐H···π, π···π interactions results the formation of two dimentional supramolecular structure for both the complexes. Interactions of complexes with bovine serum albumins (BSA) and human serum albumins (HSA) have been studied by using electronic absorption and emission spectroscopic technique. The calculated values of binding constants (Kb) are (9.22 ± 0.26) × 105 L mol−1 (1‐BSA), (7.19 ± 0.16) × 105 L mol−1 (1‐HSA), (5.05 ± 0.20) × 105 L mol−1 (2‐BSA) and (3.56 ± 0.25) × 105 L mol−1 (2‐HSA). The mechanism of serum albumins‐complex interactions have been investigated by fluorescence lifetime measurement. Fluorescence spectroscopic studies indicate that both the complexes interact with calf thymas‐DNA. Catecholase activity of the complexes has been studied in methanol using 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol (3,5‐DTBC) as substrate and the result show that both the complexes are active for catalytic oxidation of 3,5‐DTBC to 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylquinone (3,5‐DTBQ) in presence of molecular oxygen. Calculated values of turnover numbers are 71.81 ± 1.04 h−1 and 69.45 ± 0.74 h−1 for 1 and 2, respectively.
Preparation of chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose‐based polyelectrolyte complex hydrogel via SD‐A‐SGT method and its adsorption of anionic and cationic dye
Authors: Zhao Jian , Xing Tao , Li Qin , Chen Yu , Yao Weishang , Jin Shaohua , Chen Shusen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe excellent properties of the polyelectrolyte complex hydrogels (PECHs) prepared with polysaccharides only, including polyampholyte, low toxicity, green, and clean production, have endowed them great application potentials as the adsorbents for dye‐containing wastewater treatments. In the current study, the PECH of chitosan (CTS) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was prepared by semi‐dissolution acidification sol–gel transition (SD‐A‐SGT) method. The hydrogel was formed by the strong electrostatic interaction of cationic NH3+ groups of CTS and the anionic COO− groups of CMC. This simple but efficient means exhibited great potentials in constructing PECHs with uniform composition and controllable sol–gel transitions. Molecular dynamics simulation was first employed to predict the formation process and the microstructure of PECHs prepared by SD‐A‐SGT method. The structure and properties of the CTS‐CMC PECHs were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, SS 13C‐NMR, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical tests, and rheological measurements, respectively. Taking the advantage of amphoteric polyelectrolyte properties, adsorption properties of anionic and cationic dyes were investigated using sunset yellow FCF and methylene blue as model dyes, respectively. The PECHs prepared in the present work had good adsorption capacity for both cationic and anionic dyes with maximum adsorption capacity of 212.83 mg/g for sunset yellow FCF and 167.35 mg/g for methylene blue. Therefore, this PECH would be a promising environmentally friendly adsorbent for the treatment of functional molecules with different charges.
Elevated eosinophil level predicted long time to next treatment in relapsed or refractory myeloma patients treated with lenalidomide
Authors: Suzuki Kazuhito , Nishiwaki Kaichi , Gunji Tadahiro , Katori Mitsuji , Masuoka Hidekazu , Yano Shingo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug that is administered commonly in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Eosinophils have immunological functions, for instance, in allergic diseases and asthma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of elevated eosinophil levels in patients with RRMM treated with lenalidomide. A total of 59 patients were included. Elevated eosinophil level was defined as an increase in the eosinophil count of ≥250/µL from the eosinophil count on day 1 during the first cycle. The percentage of patients with elevated eosinophil levels was 22.0%. The overall response ratio in the elevated eosinophil group and nonelevated eosinophil group was 84.6% and 63.0% (P = .189), respectively. The median time to next treatment (TTNT) in the elevated eosinophil group was significantly longer than that in the nonelevated group (40.3 months vs 8.4 months; P = .017). Additionally, TTNT in the elevated eosinophil group with partial response (PR) or better was significantly longer than that in the nonelevated eosinophil group with PR or better (40.3 months vs 11.9 months; P = .021). We concluded that elevated eosinophil levels were frequently observed and might predict a longer TTNT in patients with RRMM treated with lenalidomide.
BF12, a Novel Benzofuran, Exhibits Antitumor Activity by Inhibiting Microtubules and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Human Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Gao Yiting , Ma Cheng , Feng Xuezhao , Liu Yang , Haimiti Xiaohelaiti 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBF12 [(2E)‐3‐[6‐Methoxy‐2‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzoyl)‐1‐benzofuran‐5‐yl]prop‐2‐enoic acid], a novel derivative of combretastatin A‐4 (CA‐4), was previously found to inhibit tumor cell lines, with a particularly strong inhibitory effect on cervical cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the microtubule polymerization effects and apoptosis signaling mechanism of BF12. BF12 showed a potent efficiency against cervical cancer cells, SiHa and HeLa, with IC50 values of 1.10 and 1.06 μm, respectively. The cellular mechanism studies revealed that BF12 induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in SiHa and HeLa cells, which were associated with alterations in the expression of the cell G2/M cycle checkpoint‐related proteins (cyclin B1 and cdc2) and alterations in the levels of apoptosis‐related proteins (P53, caspase‐3, Bcl‐2, and Bax) of these cells, respectively. Western blot analysis showed that BF12 inhibited the PI3 K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and induced apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells. BF12 was identified as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, evidenced by the effective inhibition of tubulin polymerization and heavily disrupted microtubule networks in living SiHa and HeLa cells. By inhibiting the PI3 K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and inducing apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells, BF12 shows promise for use as a microtubule inhibitor.
Can ductus arteriosus morphology influence technique/outcome of stent treatment?
Authors: Roggen Mieke , Cools Bjorn , Brown Stephen , Boshoff Derize , Heying Ruth , Eyskens Benedicte , Gewillig Marc 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionResults and outcomes of ductus arteriosus stenting vary widely. The aim of this study was to determine whether ductus morphology is associated with different procedural outcome.MethodsOver an 18‐year period, 123 patients presented with ductal dependent pulmonary blood flow. Results were retrospectively assessed based on radiographic anatomic features of the ductus arteriosus: Group 1: “straight” ductus arteriosus, typically seen in patients with Pulmonary atresia with intact septum (PA‐IVS), Group 2: “intermediate” ductus arteriosus as seen in severe pulmonary stenosis (PS)‐single ventricle, Group 3: “vertical” ductus arteriosus typically seen in patients with pulmonary atresia‐ventricular septal defect, Group 4: ductus arteriosus arising from the aorta to a single lung, Group 5: ductus arteriosus arising from the innominate/subclavian artery to a single lung, Group 6: ductus arteriosus from innominate/subclavian artery to both lungs.ResultsDuctal stenting (DS) was attempted in 98 patients with 99 ducts. Successful stenting was possible in 83 patients. Success of DS was significantly different among the groups (p = .04, F = 5.41). Groups 1, 4, and 5 were “easy” with good success while Groups 2, 3, and 6 were complex and demanding. There were two deaths (after 5 and 7 days, respectively) that could be ascribed to DS. Elective re‐interventions were performed in 34 ductuses (40%). Fifty three percent (n = 44/83) of successful ductus stents proceeded to further surgery and 20 ducts closed spontaneously in asymptomatic patients over time.ConclusionsDuctus arteriosus morphology influences technique and determines complexity, safety, and final outcome of ductus arteriosus stenting.
Synergetic effect of C60/g‐C3N4 nanowire composites for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light irradiation
Authors: Long Dan , Chen Wenlan , Rao Xi , Zheng Shaohui , Zhang Yongping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractC60 functioned g‐C3N4 nanocomposites were prepared by calcining the mixture of urea and C60 nanorods formed via a liquid‐liquid interfacial precipitation method. The obtained C60/g‐C3N4 nanowire composites exhibit better utilization of solar energy, efficient transfer and separation of photoinduced charge carriers. The optimum photocatalytic H2 evolution rate for C60/g‐C3N4‐0.03 wt % containing 0.03 wt % C60 under visible light irradiation reaches 8.73 μmol/h (with quantum efficiency of 5.10 %), which is about 4.7 times as high as that of pure g‐C3N4. This remarkable enhanced photocatalytic performance of C60/g‐C3N4‐0.03 wt % is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of the interface formed between g‐C3N4 and C60 nanorods.
CO2‐Promoted Catalytic Process Forming Higher Alcohols with Tunable Nature at Record Productivity
Authors: Luk Ho Ting , Novak Gabrijel , Safonova Olga V. , Siol Sebastian , Stewart Joseph A. , Curulla Ferré Daniel , Mondelli Cecilia , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConverting syngas obtained from renewable or abundant feedstocks into higher alcohols (HA) is a potentially more sustainable route to these important chemicals and fuels than industrial technologies, but lacks a performing catalytic process to reach commercialization. Here, we show that moderate CO2 amounts (R=CO2/(CO+CO2)=0.12) in the feed raise the HA productivity over copper‐iron catalysts carried on carbon nanofibers and promoted by potassium to a 3‐fold higher level than the state of the art. CO2 promotes copper dispersion and thus the formation of activated CO species, as in traditional methanol synthesis. Still, since its vicinity to iron is boosted, CO insertion into growing hydrocarbon chains prevails on hydrogenation, translating positive effects to HA production. Cascade zeolite‐catalyzed upgrading of methanol and olefins byproducts generates a breakthrough process forming 2.42 gHA h−1 gcat−1, which is 4‐times superior to the best systems, and tuning the HA nature based on the aluminosilicate topology.
Flow Characteristics in a Honeycomb Structure to Design Nanobubble Generating Apparatus
Authors: Noda Nao-Aki , Zhai Hongfang , Takata Kakeru , Sano Yoshikazu , Takase Yasushi , Ren Fei , Kawano Ryo , Umekaga Toshihiko , Yonezawa Yuji , Tanaka Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA nanobubble generator with honeycomb structures producing a large amount of water including large nanobubble density in a short time is described. The nanobubble‐generating performance is investigated for large and small apparatus having different honeycomb cell dimensions by applying computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with a population balance model (PBM). The CFD simulation shows that a significant pressure drop and shear stress occur in the bubbly flow in the honeycomb cell. The numerical model is based on the Eulerian multiphase model and the PBM is used to calculate the bubble size distribution. The obtained CFD‐PBM results are compared with the experimental results for large and small apparatus. Bubble size distributions in the honeycomb structure under different inlet absolute pressure can be predicted by the PBM. The maximum shear stress is determined as the main controlling factor for nanobubble generation.
Synthesis and Structure of Uranium‐Silylene Complexes
Authors: Brackbill I. Joseph , Douair Iskander , Lussier Daniel J. , Boreen Michael A. , Maron Laurent , Arnold John 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile carbene complexes of uranium have been known for over a decade, there are no reported examples of complexes between an actinide and a „heavy carbene.“ Herein, we report the syntheses and structures of the first uranium‐heavy tetrylene complexes: (CpSiMe3)3U‐Si[PhC(NR)2]R’ (R=tBu, R’=NMe2 1; R=iPr, R’=PhC(NiPr)2 2). Complex 1 features a kinetically robust uranium‐silicon bonding interaction, while the uranium‐silicon bond in 2 is easily disrupted thermally or by competing ligands in solution. Calculations reveal polarized σ bonds, but depending on the substituents at silicon a substantial π‐bonding interaction is also present. The complexes possess relatively high bond orders which suggests primarily covalent bonding between uranium and silicon. These results comprise a new frontier in actinide‐heavy main‐group bonding.