bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Nutrient Supply by a Tidal Jet in the Northern Strait of Georgia Based on a Biogeochemical Model
Authors: Olson Elise M. , Allen Susan E. , Do Vy , Dunphy Michael , Ianson Debby 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a coupled three‐dimensional biological‐physical model for the Salish Sea and evaluate it by comparison to nitrate, silicate, and chlorophyll observations. It accurately reproduces nitrate concentrations with Willmott skill scores, root‐mean‐square error, and bias ranging from 0.84–0.95, 4.02–6.5 μM, and −2.33–1.84 μM, respectively, compared to three independent discrete sample data sets. A prominent feature of the model output is a tidal jet emanating from Discovery Passage producing a downstream plume of elevated surface nitrate. The signal is present from April to September, when surface nitrate is otherwise drawn down. It has a weak but statistically significant correlation to Discovery Passage tidal velocity (R=0.37, p<0.01). Within the turbulent jet and associated plume, the average rate of vertical nitrate supply due to mixing and advection across a depth of roughly 6 m is 0.46 μmol m−2 s−1 between 15 May and 20 August 2015, compared to 0.10 μmol m−2 s−1 for the northern Strait of Georgia as a whole. Close to Discovery Passage, where velocities and shear are strongest, the majority of the vertical nitrate flux is due to mixing. As velocities weaken downstream, vertical advection becomes more important relative to mixing, but vertical velocities also decrease. The tidal pulses out of Discovery Passage drive waves that contribute net upward nitrate flux as far south as Cape Lazo, 40 km away. The nitrate supply drives new production, consistent with existing observations. Similar dynamics have been described in many other tidally influenced coastal systems.
The Silver Lining of COVID‐19: Estimation of Short‐Term Health Impacts Due to Lockdown in the Yangtze River Delta Region, China
Authors: Huang Ling , Liu Ziyi , Li Hongli , Wang Yangjun , Li Yumin , Zhu Yonghui , Ooi Maggie Chel Gee , An Jing , Shang Yu , Zhang Dongping , Chan Andy , Li Li 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID‐19 in China has led to massive lockdowns in order to reduce the spread of the epidemic and control human‐to‐human transmission. Subsequent reductions in various anthropogenic activities have led to improved air quality during the lockdown. In this study, we apply a widely used exposure‐response function to estimate the short‐term health impacts associated with PM2.5 changes over the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region due to COVID‐19 lockdown. Concentrations of PM2.5 during lockdown period reduced by 22.9% to 54.0% compared to pre‐lockdown level. Estimated PM2.5‐related daily premature mortality during lockdown period is 895 (95% confidential interval: 637–1,081), which is 43.3% lower than pre‐lockdown period and 46.5% lower compared with averages of 2017–2019. According to our calculation, total number of avoided premature death aassociated with PM2.5 reduction during the lockdown is estimated to be 42.4 thousand over the YRD region, with Shanghai, Wenzhou, Suzhou (Jiangsu province), Nanjing, and Nantong being the top five cities with largest health benefits. Avoided premature mortality is mostly contributed by reduced death associated with stroke (16.9 thousand, accounting for 40.0%), ischemic heart disease (14.0 thousand, 33.2%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (7.6 thousand, 18.0%). Our calculations do not support or advocate any idea that pandemics produce a positive note to community health. We simply present health benefits from air pollution improvement due to large emission reductions from lowered human and industrial activities. Our results show that continuous efforts to improve air quality are essential to protect public health, especially over city‐clusters with dense population.
Optical and Chemical Analysis of Absorption Enhancement by Mixed Carbonaceous Aerosols in the 2019 Woodbury, AZ, Fire Plume
Authors: Lee James E. , Dubey Manvendra K. , Aiken Allison C. , Chylek Petr , Carrico Christian M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWildfires emit mixtures of light‐absorbing aerosols (including black and brown carbon, BC and BrC, respectively) and more purely scattering organic aerosol (OA). BC, BrC, and OA interactions are complex and dynamic and evolve with aging in the atmosphere resulting in large uncertainties in their radiative forcing. We report microphysical, optical, and chemical measurements of multiple plumes from the Woodbury Fire (AZ, USA) observed at Los Alamos, NM, after 11–18 hr of atmospheric transit. This includes periods where the plumes exhibited little entrainment as well as periods that had become more dilute after mixing with background aerosol. Aerosol mass absorption cross sections (MAC) were enhanced by a factor of 1.5–2.2 greater than bare BC at 870 nm, suggesting lensing by nonabsorbing coatings following a core‐shell morphology. Larger MAC enhancement factors of 1.9–5.1 at 450 nm are greater than core‐shell morphology can explain and are attributed to BrC. MAC of OA (MACOrg) at 450 nm was largest in intact portions of the plumes (peak value bounded between 0.6 and 0.9 m2/g [Org]) and decreased with plume dilution. We report a strong correlation between MACOrg(450 nm) with the fC2H4O2 (a tracer for levoglucosan‐like species) of coatings and of bulk OA indicating that BrC in the Woodbury Fire was coemitted with levoglucosan, a primary aerosol. fC2H4O2 and MACOrg(450 nm) are shown to vary between the edge and the core of plumes, demonstrating enhanced oxidation of OA and BrC bleaching near plume edges. Our process‐level finding can inform parameterizations of mixed BC, BrC, and OA properties for wildfire plumes in climate models.
Designing m-Health interventions for precision mental health support
Authors: Bidargaddi N. , Schrader G. , Klasnja P. , Licinio J. , Murphy S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMobile health (m-Health) resources are emerging as a significant tool to overcome mental health support access barriers due to their ability to rapidly reach and provide support to individuals in need of mental health support. m-Health provides an approach to adapt and initiate mental health support at precise moments, when they are most likely to be effective for the individual. However, poor adoption of mental health apps in the real world suggests that new approaches to optimising the quality of m-Health interventions are critically needed in order to realise the potential translational benefits for mental health support. The micro-randomised trial is an experimental approach for optimising and adapting m-Health resources. This trial design provides data to construct and optimise m-Health interventions. The data can be used to inform when and what type of m-Health interventions should be initiated, and thus serve to integrate interventions into daily routines with precision. Here, we illustrate this approach in a case study, review implementation issues that need to be considered while conducting an MRT, and provide a checklist for mental health m-Health intervention developers.
Early life metal exposure dysregulates cellular bioenergetics in children with regressive autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Frye Richard E. , Cakir Janet , Rose Shannon , Delhey Leanna , Bennuri Sirish C. , Tippett Marie , Palmer Raymond F. , Austin Christine , Curtin Paul , Arora Manish 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeurodevelopmental regression (NDR) is a subtype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that manifests as loss of previously acquired developmental milestones. Early life dysregulation of nutritional metals and/or exposure to toxic metals have been associated with ASD, but the underlying biological mechanisms by which metals influence neurodevelopment remain unclear. We hypothesize that metals influences neurodevelopment through dysregulation of bioenergetics. Prenatal and early postnatal metal exposures were measured using validated tooth-matrix biomarkers in 27 ASD cases (13 with NDR) and 7 typically-developing (TD) controls. Mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using the Seahorse XF96. Children with ASD demonstrated lower prenatal and postnatal Copper (Cu) and prenatal Nickel concentrations and Copper-to-Zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio as compared with TD children. Children with ASD and NDR showed greater metal-related disruption of cellular bioenergetics than children with ASD without NDR. For children with ASD and NDR mitochondrial respiration decreased as prenatal Manganese concentration increased and increased as prenatal Zinc concentration increased; glycolysis decreased with increased exposure to prenatal Manganese and Lead and postnatal Manganese. For children with ASD without a history of NDR, glycolysis increased with increased postnatal exposure to Tin. Language and communication scores in children with ASD were positively related to prenatal Cu exposure and Cu/Zn ratio. This study suggests that prenatal nutritional metals may be important for neurodevelopment in children with ASD, and that exposure to toxic metals and differences in nutritional metal exposures is associated with dysregulation of cellular bioenergetics, particularly in the NDR subtype of ASD.
Adult mouse hippocampal transcriptome changes associated with long-term behavioral and metabolic effects of gestational air pollution toxicity
Authors: Haghani Amin , Johnson Richard G. , Woodward Nicholas C. , Feinberg Jason I. , Lewis Kristy , Ladd-Acosta Christine , Safi Nikoo , Jaffe Andrew E. , Sioutas Constantinos , Allayee Hooman , Campbell Daniel B. , Volk Heather E. , Finch Caleb E. , Morgan Todd E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGestational exposure to air pollution increases the risk of autism spectrum disorder and cognitive impairments with unresolved molecular mechanisms. This study exposed C57BL/6J mice throughout gestation to urban-derived nanosized particulate matter (nPM). Young adult male and female offspring were studied for behavioral and metabolic changes using forced swim test, fat gain, glucose tolerance, and hippocampal transcriptome. Gestational nPM exposure caused increased depressive behaviors, decreased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, and increased glucose tolerance in adult male offspring. Both sexes gained fat and body weight. Gestational nPM exposure induced 29 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in adult hippocampus related to cytokine production, IL17a signaling, and dopamine degradation in both sexes. Stratification by sex showed twofold more DEGs in males than females (69 vs 37), as well as male-specific enrichment of DEGs mediating serotonin signaling, endocytosis, Gαi, and cAMP signaling. Gene co-expression analysis (WCGNA) identified a module of 43 genes with divergent responses to nPM between the sexes. Chronic changes in 14 DEGs (e.g., microRNA9-1) were associated with depressive behaviors, adiposity and glucose intolerance. These genes enriched neuroimmune pathways such as HMGB1 and TLR4. Based on cerebral cortex transcriptome data of neonates, we traced the initial nPM responses of HMGB1 pathway. In vitro, mixed glia responded to 24 h nPM with lower HMGB1 protein and increased proinflammatory cytokines. This response was ameliorated by TLR4 knockdown. In sum, we identified transcriptional changes that could be associated with air pollution-mediated behavioral and phenotypic changes. These identified genes merit further mechanistic studies for therapeutic intervention development.
Magnetic-gateable valley exciton emission
Authors: Bragança Helena , Zeng Hao , Dias Alexandre Cavalheiro , Correa Jorge Huamani , Qu Fanyao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe use of valley excitonic states of transition metal dichalcogenides to store and manipulate information is hampered by fast carrier recombination and short valley lifetime. We propose theoretically a scheme to overcome such an obstacle, by applying a tilted exchange field through the magnetic proximity effect on monolayer MoS2. While the in-plane component of the exchange field brightens the dark exciton by spin mixing, the out-of-plane field can effectively gate the emission with an ON/OFF ratio of 2700. Importantly, the brightening is valley selective, leading to nearly 100% valley and spin polarization at room temperature. The resulting strongly gateable dark-exciton emission with long lifetime and near unity valley polarization makes it convenient to manipulate the valley degree of freedom, which may offer new paradigm for information processing and transmission.
Systems biology of acidophile biofilms for efficient metal extraction
Authors: Buetti-Dinh Antoine , Herold Malte , Christel Stephan , Hajjami Mohamed El , Bellenberg Sören , Ilie Olga , Wilmes Paul , Poetsch Ansgar , Sand Wolfgang , Vera Mario , Pivkin Igor V. , Dopson Mark 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSociety’s demand for metals is ever increasing while stocks of high-grade minerals are being depleted. Biomining, for example of chalcopyrite for copper recovery, is a more sustainable biotechnological process that exploits the capacity of acidophilic microbes to catalyze solid metal sulfide dissolution to soluble metal sulfates. A key early stage in biomining is cell attachment and biofilm formation on the mineral surface that results in elevated mineral oxidation rates. Industrial biomining of chalcopyrite is typically carried out in large scale heaps that suffer from the downsides of slow and poor metal recoveries. In an effort to mitigate these drawbacks, this study investigated planktonic and biofilm cells of acidophilic (optimal growth pH < 3) biomining bacteria. RNA and proteins were extracted, and high throughput “omics” performed from a total of 80 biomining experiments. In addition, micrographs of biofilm formation on the chalcopyrite mineral surface over time were generated from eight separate experiments. The dataset generated in this project will be of great use to microbiologists, biotechnologists, and industrial researchers.
Innovation of EUS-guided transmural gallbladder drainage using a novel self-expanding metal stent
Authors: Huh Gunn , Choi Jin Ho , Lee Sang Hyub , Paik Woo Hyun , Ryu Ji Kon , Kim Yong-Tae , Jeong Seok , Lee Don Haeng , Kim Gyeong Hwan , Kang Sung Gwon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEndoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided transmural drainage has been accepted as a modality of choice in peripancreatic fluid collection and acute cholecystitis. Each type of stent, including double-pigtail plastic stents, tubular self-expandable metal stents (SEMS), and lumen-apposing metal stents, for these procedure has its own advantages and disadvantages. To overcome their disadvantages, this animal study evaluated the feasibility of a newly designed twisted fully covered SEMS with spiral coiled ends. We performed the EUS-guided cholecystogastrostomy with a newly developed metal stent in eight mini pigs with surgically induced gallbladder distension. This novel stent is a twisted fully covered SEMS with spiral coiled ends, a diameter of 8 mm, and a length of 6 cm. The stent has been maintained for four to seven weeks after EUS-guided cholecystogastrostomy. The primary outcome was the technical success rate, and the secondary outcomes were adverse events, stent dysfunction, stent removability, and fistula formation. The stent was placed successfully between the gallbladder and the stomach in all cases without any adverse event. We observed neither stent migration nor dysfunction during the study period, and all the stents were removed easily as scheduled. We confirmed successful cholecysto-gastric fistula formation at endoscopic and histologic level in all cases. EUS-guided transmural drainage and fistula formation using a new twisted fully covered metal stent with spiral coiled ends was technically feasible without any adverse event in this animal study. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate its efficacy and safety in real practice.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Mct8 reveals a functional involvement of Mct8 in testis and sperm development in a rat
Authors: Bae Hee Sook , Jin Yun-Kyeong , Ham Sangwoo , Kim Hee Kyoung , Shin Hyejung , Cho Gyu-bon , Lee Kyu Jun , Lee Hohyeon , Kim Kyeong-Min , Koo Ok-Jae , Jang Goo , Lee Jung Min , Lee Jae Young 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThyroid hormone (TH) has long been believed to play a minor role in male reproduction. However, evidences from experimental model of thyrotoxicosis or hypothyroidism suggests its role in spermatogenesis. Cellular action of TH requires membrane transport via specific transporters such as monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). SLC16A2 (encodes for MCT8) inactivating mutation in humans can lead to Allan-Herndon Dudley-syndrome, a X-linked psychomotor and growth retardation. These patients present cryptorchidism which suggests a role of MCT8 during spermatogenesis. In this study, we found that Mct8 is highly expressed during early postnatal development and decreases its expression in the adulthood of testis of wild-type male rats. Histological analysis revealed that spermatogonia largely lacks MCT8 expression while spermatocytes and maturing spermatids highly express MCT8. To further understand the role of Mct8 during spermatogenesis, we generated Slc16a2 (encodes MCT8) knockout rats using CRISPR/Cas9. Serum THs (T3 and T4) level were significantly altered in Slc16a2 knockout rats when compared to wild-type littermates during early to late postnatal development. Unlike Slc16a2 knockout mice, Slc16a2 knockout rats showed growth delay during early to late postnatal development. In adult Slc16a2 knockout rats, we observed reduced sperm motility and viability. Collectively, our data unveil a functional involvement of MCT8 in spermatogenesis, underscoring the importance of TH signaling and action during spermatogenesis.
Fluorescence-guided resection of tumors in mouse models of oral cancer
Authors: Demétrio de Souza França Paula , Guru Navjot , Roberts Sheryl , Kossatz Susanne , Mason Christian , Abrahão Marcio , Ghossein Ronald A. , Patel Snehal G. , Reiner Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractComplete removal and negative margins are the goal of any surgical resection of primary oral cavity carcinoma. Current approaches to determine tumor boundaries rely heavily on surgeons’ expertise, and final histopathological reports are usually only available days after surgery, precluding contemporaneous re-assessment of positive margins. Intraoperative optical imaging could address this unmet clinical need. Using mouse models of oral cavity carcinoma, we demonstrated that PARPi-FL, a fluorescent PARP inhibitor targeting the enzyme PARP1/2, can delineate oral cancer and accurately identify positive margins, both macroscopically and at cellular resolution. PARPi-FL also allowed identification of compromised margins based on fluorescence hotspots, which were not seen in margin-negative resections and control tongues. PARPi-FL was further able to differentiate tumor from low-grade dysplasia. Intravenous injection of PARPi-FL has significant potential for clinical translation and could aid surgeons in assessing oral cancer margins in vivo.
Toxicology of tramadol following chronic exposure based on metabolomics of the cerebrum in mice
Authors: Xia Wei , Liu Guojie , Shao Ziyi , Xu Enyu , Yuan Huiya , Liu Junting , Gao Lina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTramadol is an opioid used as an analgesic for treating moderate or severe pain. The long-term use of tramadol can induce several adverse effects. The toxicological mechanism of tramadol abuse is unclear. Metabolomics is a very useful method for investigating the toxicology of drug abuse. We investigated the impact of chronic tramadol administration on the cerebrum of mice, focusing on the metabolites after tramadol administration. The mice received 20 or 50 mg/kg body weight tramadol dissolved in physiological saline daily for 5 weeks via oral gavage. Compared with the control group, the low dose tramadol group showed seven potential biomarkers, including gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, succinate semialdehyde, and methylmalonic acid, which were either up- or down-regulated. Compared with the control group, the high dose tramadol group showed ten potential biomarkers, including gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, glutamine, and O-phosphorylethanolamine, which were either up- or down-regulated. The up-regulated gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and the down-regulated succinate semialdehyde revealed that the neurotransmitter system was disrupted after tramadol abuse. Compared with the low dose tramadol group, there were twenty-nine potential biomarkers in the high dose tramadol group, mainly related to the pentose phosphate pathway and glycerophospholipid metabolism. In conclusion, metabolomics in the tramadol abuse group demonstrated that long-term tramadol abuse can result in oxidative damage, inflammation, and disruption of the GABA neurotransmitter system, which will help to elucidate the toxicology of tramadol abuse.
Optimization of process parameters for preparation of polystyrene PM2.5 particles by supercritical antisolvent method using BBD-RSM
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Li Qingling , Guo Bo , Zhang Shouzhong , Zhang Sen , Hu Dedong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to optimize the process parameters for preparing polystyrene (PS) PM2.5 particles by supercritical antisolvent (SAS) method. Toluene was selected as the solvent and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was used as the antisolvent. The Box–Behnken design-response surface method was applied to investigate the effect of crystallizer pressure, PS massic concentration, flow ratio of CO2/solution and crystallizer temperature on the size and the distribution of PS particles, systematically. It is found that crystallizer temperature is the most significant variable on the size and the distribution of PS particles, followed by flow ratio of CO2/solution and PS massic concentration, and crystallizer pressure is the slightest significant factor. The particle size increases with the increase of crystallizer temperature. The optimum conditions are obtained as crystallizer pressure 9.8 MPa, PS massic concentration 1.6 wt%, flow ratio of CO2/solution 140 g/g and crystallizer temperature 309 K. Under these conditions, the PS particle with the size of 2.78 μm and a narrow size distribution has been prepared, meeting PM2.5 standard aerosols. The results suggest that it is feasible to produce PM2.5 standard aerosols by SAS.
Tactile perception of pleasantness in relation to perceived softness
Authors: Pasqualotto Achille , Ng Megan , Tan Zheng Yee , Kitada Ryo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe sense of touch allows us to infer objects’ physical properties, while the same input also produces affective sensations. These affective sensations are important for interpersonal relationships and personal well-being, which raises the possibility that tactile preferences are adapted to the characteristics of the skin. Previous studies examined how physical properties such as surface roughness and temperature influence affective sensations; however, little is known about the effect of compliance (physical correlate of softness) on pleasantness. Thus, we investigated the psychophysical link between softness and pleasantness. Pieces of human skin-like rubber with different compliances were pressed against participants’ fingers. Two groups of participants numerically estimated the perceived magnitude of either pleasantness or softness. The perceived magnitude of pleasantness and softness both increased monotonically as a function of increasing object compliance, levelling off at around the end of the stimulus range. However, inter-subject variability was greater for pleasantness than for perceived softness, whereas the slope of the linear function fit to the magnitude estimates was steeper for softness than for pleasantness. These results indicate that object compliance is a critical physical determinant for pleasantness, whereas the effect of compliance on pleasantness was more variable among individuals than the effect on softness was.