bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamical properties of nonlinear ion-acoustic waves based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in a multi-pair nonextensive plasma
Authors: Tamang Jharna , Saha Asit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Dynamical properties of nonlinear ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) in multi-pair plasmas (MPPs) constituting adiabatic ion fluids of positive and negative charges, and q-nonextensive electrons and positrons are examined. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is considered to study the dynamics of IAWs in a nonextensive MPP system. Bifurcation of the dynamical system obtained from the NLSE shows that the system supports various wave forms such as, nonlinear periodic wave, kink and anti-kink waves in different ranges of q. The analytical solutions for ion-acoustic nonlinear periodic wave, kink and anti-kink waves are obtained. The impacts of system parameters such as, nonextensive parameter (q), mass ratio of negative and positive ions (μ
1), number density ratio of positive and negative ions (μ
2), number density ratio of positrons and negative ions (μ
p), temperature ratio of positive ions and electrons (σ
2) and temperature ratio of electrons and positrons (δ) on IAW solutions are bestowed. The results of this study are applicable to understand different dynamical behaviors of nonlinear IAWs found in the Earth’s ionosphere, such as, D-region [H+,

O
2
−

${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{-}$

] and F-region [H+, H−] and multipair plasma system laboratory [C+, C−].
La5Ir1.73In4.27with Lu5Ni2In4-type structure
Authors: Dominyuk Nataliya , Zaremba Vasyl’ I. , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSingle crystals of La5Ir1.73In4.27were grown from a sample of the starting composition 47La: 17Ir: 36 In by arc-melting, followed by a long annealing sequence in a muffle furnace. La5Ir1.73In4.27crystallizes with the Lu5Ni2In4-type structure, space groupPbam, which was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data:a = 834.0(2),b = 1862.2(4),c = 385.31(8) pm,wR2 = 0.0278, 1165F2values and 37 variables. The 4hiridium site shows a small degree of Ir/In mixing. Geometrically one can describe the La5Ir1.73In4.27structure as a simple 4:1 intergrowth variant of CsCl and AlB2-related slabs. The iridium and indium atoms form a one-dimensional meandering [Ir1.73In4.27]δ–polyanion (292 pm Ir–In and 327 pm In–In) which is embedded in a lanthanum matrix.
Solid solutions EuAu4Cd2−x
Mg
x
with a remarkably stable ferromagnetic ground state
Authors: Reimann Maximilian K. , Bönnighausen Judith , Klenner Steffen , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Samples of the solid solutions EuAu4Cd2−x
Mg
x
were synthesized from the elements in sealed tantalum ampoules. The elements were reacted at a maximum temperature of 1273 K followed by slow cooling. For crystal growth, the polycrystalline samples were ground to powders, pressed to pellets and annealed again. All samples crystallize with the tetragonal YbAl4Mo2-type structure, space group I4/mmm. The solid solution extends up to x = 1 and the Cd/Mg substitution has only a minor influence on the lattice parameters. The samples have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and the structure of EuAu4Cd1.58(2)Mg0.42(2) was refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: a = 715.46(14), c = 549.96(11) pm, wR2 = 0.0334, 180 F
2 values and 11 variables. The striking crystal chemical motifs of the EuAu4Cd2−x
Mg
x
structures are Eu@Au12 and (Cd/Mg)@Au8(Cd/Mg)2 polyhedra and linear Cd/Mg chains in form of a tetragonal rod packing with distances of 275 pm for Cd/Mg–Cd/Mg. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements of all samples from the solid solutions EuAu4Cd2−x
Mg
x
revealed Curie–Weiss behavior and stable divalent europium. All samples are ordered ferromagnetically around T = 16 K, and magnetization isotherms at 3 K classify these materials as soft ferromagnets. It is remarkable that the structural Cd/Mg disorder within the chains does not influence the ferromagnetic ground state. The divalent nature of europium in these intermetallics was exemplarily studied for the EuAu4Cd1.4Mg0.6 sample by 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopy. At 6 K the isomer shift is −9.95(4) mm s−1 and one observes full magnetic hyperfine field splitting with B
hf = 27.1(1) T.
The theoretical investigation of the opto-electronic properties of designed molecules having 2-(2-Methylene-3-oxo-indane-1-ylidene)malononitrile as end-capped acceptors
Authors: Tariq Amina , Ramzan Hina , Ahmad Syed Waqas , Bhatti Ijaz Ahmad , Ajmal Maryam , Khalid Muhammad , Iqbal Javed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Five acceptor-donor-acceptor molecules having different core units with 2-(2-Methylene-3-oxo-indane-1-ylidene)malononitrile as end capped terminal acceptor unit were designed. The ground state geometries and electronic properties were calculated by using density functional theory (DFT) at MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The absorption spectra were computed by using time dependent DFT at MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The designed molecules have broad absorption range in visible region. M3 shows relatively lower band gap so that having high light harvesting efficiency (LHE). The molecules consider as better hole blocking materials in term of high ionization potentials. The reorganization energies calculation of M1, M2 and M4 manifests that these molecules are the optimal candidate for electron transportation. High value of Voc has been observed for molecules which would favorably contribute in power conversion efficiency. M1, M2, M4 and M5 are more stable in terms of absolute hardness and electrostatic potential surfaces. All molecules show good opto-electronic properties in the aspect of their use in photovoltaic application.
Mesenchymal stem cells derivatives as a novel and potential therapeutic approach to treat diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Becerra-Bayona Silvia M , Solarte-David Víctor Alfonso , Sossa Claudia L , Mateus Ligia C , Villamil Martha , Pereira Jorge , Arango-Rodríguez Martha L 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Diabetic foot ulcer morbidity and mortality are dramatically increasing worldwide, reinforcing the urgency to propose more effective interventions to treat such a devastating condition. Previously, using a diabetic mouse model, we demonstrated that administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derivatives is more effective than the use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells alone. Here, we used the aforementioned treatments on three patients with grade 2 diabetic foot ulcers and assessed their beneficial effects, relative to the conventional approach. In the present study, two doses of cell derivatives, one dose of mesenchymal stem cells or one dose of vehicle (saline solution with 5% of human albumin), were intradermally injected around wounds. Wound healing process and changes on re-epithelialization were macroscopically evaluated until complete closure of the ulcers. All ulcers were simultaneously treated with conventional treatment (PolyMen® dressing). Patients treated with either cell derivatives or mesenchymal stem cells achieved higher percentages of wound closure in shorter times, relative to the patient treated with the conventional treatment. The cell derivative and mesenchymal stem cells approaches resulted in complete wound closure and enhanced skin regeneration at some point between days 35 and 42, although no differences between these two treatments were observed. Moreover, wounds treated with the conventional treatment healed after 161 days. Intradermal administration of cell derivatives improved wound healing to a similar extent as mesenchymal stem cells. Thus, our results suggest that mesenchymal stem cell derivatives may serve as a novel and potential therapeutic approach to treat diabetic foot ulcers.

Learning points:

In diabetic mouse models, the administration of mesenchymal stem cells derivatives have been demonstrated to be more effective than the use of marrow mesenchymal stem cells alone.

Mesenchymal stem cells have been explored as an attractive therapeutic option to treat non-healing ulcers.

Mesenchymal stem cells derivatives accelerate the re-epithelialization on diabetic foot ulcers.
The Effects of Quantitative Trait Architecture on Detection Power in Short-Term Artificial Selection Experiments
Authors: Lou R Nicolas , Therkildsen Nina O , Messer Philipp W 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvolve and resequence (E&R) experiments, in which artificial selection is imposed on organisms in a controlled environment, are becoming an increasingly accessible tool for studying the genetic basis of adaptation. Previous work has assessed how different experimental design parameters affect the power to detect the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that underlie adaptive responses in such experiments, but so far there has been little exploration of how this power varies with the genetic architecture of the evolving traits. In this study, we use forward simulation to build a more realistic model of an E&R experiment in which a quantitative polygenic trait experiences a short, but strong, episode of truncation selection. We study the expected power for QTL detection in such an experiment and how this power is influenced by different aspects of trait architecture, including the number of QTL affecting the trait, their starting frequencies, effect sizes, clustering along a chromosome, dominance, and epistasis patterns. We show that all of these parameters can affect allele frequency dynamics at the QTL and linked loci in complex and often unintuitive ways, and thus influence our power to detect them. One consequence of this is that existing detection methods based on models of independent selective sweeps at individual QTL often have lower detection power than a simple measurement of allele frequency differences before and after selection. Our findings highlight the importance of taking trait architecture into account when designing and interpreting studies of molecular adaptation with temporal data. We provide a customizable modeling framework that will enable researchers to easily simulate E&R experiments with different trait architectures and parameters tuned to their specific study system, allowing for assessment of expected detection power and optimization of experimental design.
Communication after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Agrela Nicole , Santos Maria Emília , Guerreiro Sandra 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The present study intends to assess the effects of a Pragmatics rehabilitation programme on communication skills. Method: We have recruited 12 participants who had suffered from severe or moderate Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), with more than two years post-onset, who were randomly divided into two groups, an Experimental Group (EG) and a Control Group (CG). The EG followed a specific programme for the rehabilitation of Pragmatic Communication and the CG followed a programme of communication stimulation through group conversation. Each programme consisted of 24 one-hour, thirty-minute sessions, twice a week, for 12 weeks. In order to verify the efficacy of the programme, both groups were assessed before and after using the two equivalent forms of the same scale, Forms A and B, of The Assessment Battery of Communication (ABaCo). Results: Improvements were observed in both groups, although much more evident in the EG. Both groups obtained better results regarding Extralinguistic Comprehension and Production (questions, assertions, commands, requests and ironies by using gesticulation). In the EG there was also an improvement in Paralinguistic Production (facial expressions and intonation). Conclusion: The results demonstrate the effectiveness and relevance of establishing rehabilitation programmes for communicative pragmatic disorders after TBI. The study shows how a simple conversation intervention programme can be beneficial when more elaborated therapies cannot be executed.
Vaccination Coverage Under the Expanded Program on Immunization in South West Cameroon
Authors: Ewang Bestina Forkwa , Eyong Mathias Esum , Cumber Samuel Nambile , Nkfusai Claude Ngwayu , Yankam Brenda Mbouamba , Anye Cho Sabastine , Achu Jacintha Rebang , Suh Bih Moki , Nkeng Mildred Njoache , Nzoyom Rosette Boseme , Tsoka-Gwegweni Joyce Mahlako , Akum Eric Achidi 
Published: July 2020

Background: Inadequate vaccination coverage with increased risk of vaccine preventable disease outbreaks remain a problem in Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the vaccination coverage levels under the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in a health area and to identify factors that affect vaccination coverage in view of providing valuable data for disease prevention.
Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in August 2017 in the Mbonge health area, Southwest Cameroon. Clustered sampling technique was used to select study communities and a purposive sampling design was used to select households. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from consenting caregivers of children aged 9–23 months. Vaccination coverage was assessed by consulting the vaccination cards and parents’ recall. In households with more than one child aged 9-23months, the youngest was chosen.
Results: Overall, 300 caregivers were enrolled into the study. The average vaccination coverage for the past three years (2014-2016) was 34.0%. Two hundred and fifty-five (85%) children had vaccination cards. Amongst the children, 143 (47.7%) had taken all vaccines as recommended while 30 (10%) had not received a single dose. Factors significantly associated with incomplete vaccination status included: occupation (being a farmer) (p-value=0.011), marital status (married) (p-value=0.048), caregiver’s utilization of health facility (p-value=0.003), low levels of mothers’ utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services (p-value=0.000), and low knowledge on vaccination (p-value=0.000).
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Adequate vaccination coverage can be attained through good sensitization and health education for primary caregivers. Targeting families living far away from vaccination centers, using appropriate communication and vaccination strategies may improve vaccination coverage in the Mbonge Health Area of South West Region, Cameroon.
Key words: • Assessment • Vaccination Coverage Expanded Program on Immunization • Mbonge Health Area • Cameroon • EPI

Copyright © 2020 Ewang et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
Additional Primary Cancers in Veterans Surviving Colorectal Cancer – A Critical Analysis
Authors: Le Maithao , Nguyen Patrick , Ahn Nicholas , Backer Justin Van 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

There is evidence that colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors in the general population have a higher incidence of additional primary cancer (APC). In addition, distinct patterns of APC have been seen in survivors with right side colon cancer (RCC) versus those with left side colon and rectal cancer (LCRC). These findings may not be representative for veterans surviving colorectal cancer.
Methods

Retrospective chart review was done for 1540 veterans treated for sporadic CRC between July 1995 and December 2011 at three major Veteran Affairs Medical Centers. Sex, war period served, age and pathological stage at diagnosis, tumor laterality, and site/organs of APCs were collected.
Results

99% of our cohort were male. The average age of CRC surviving veterans was 70 as compared to 68 reported in the general population. 27.4% of our cohort had at least one APC as compared to less than 12% reported for the general population. CRC surviving veterans with one or two APCs were older than those without APC (71.2 or 72.5 respectively vs 69.4). The incident of APC was highest in Korean War veterans (27.8%), followed by World War II veterans (24.8%), and Vietnam War veterans (15.9%). Veterans with RCC were older than those with LCRC (71.7 vs 68.8). They also had a higher incidence of APC (32. 9% vs 22.9%). This difference remained unchanged after the cohorts were aged matched (32.9% vs 25.5%). There were more Lynch syndrome related APCs in veterans with RCC that veterans with LCRC (9.6% vs 6.4%). However, this difference did not remain statistically significant in the age-matched cohorts.
Conclusion

More than one in four veterans surviving CRC had APC. Veterans with APC were older, more likely to be Korean War or World War II veterans. There were distinct differences between veterans surviving RCC versus LCRC.
Engineering motile aqueous phase-separated droplets
via liposome stabilisation
Authors: Zhang Shaobin , Contini Claudia , Hindley James , Bolognesi Guido , Elani Yuval , Ces Oscar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There are increasing efforts to engineer functional compartments that mimic aspects of cellular behaviour in a drive to construct an artificial cell from the bottom-up. One behaviour that is receiving particular attention is motility, due to its biotechnological potential and the fact that movement of discrete cells is a ubiquitous feature of living systems. Many existing platforms make use of the Marangoni effect to achieve motion in water/oil (w/o) droplet systems. However, most of these systems are unsuitable for biological applications due to issues with biocompatibility caused by the presence of oil phases. Here we report a biocompatible all aqueous (w/w) PEG/dextran Pickering-like emulsion system consisting of liposome-stabilized cell-sized droplets, where the stability can be easily tuned by adjusting liposome composition and concentration. We demonstrate that the compartments are capable of negative chemotaxis: if water is introduced into the emulsion system, these droplets can respond through directional motion away from PEG in the continuous phase and down to the polymer gradient with a velocity change proportional to the rearrangement of liposome stabilisers in the PEG/dextran interface. The biocompatibility, motility and partitioning abilities of this novel droplet system offers new directions to pursue research in motion-related biological processes.
Genome-Wide Association Studies for Immunoglobulins in Colostrum and Serum in Chinese Holstein
Authors: Lin Shan , Ke Cuncun , Liu Lin , Gao Yahui , Xu Lingna , Han Bo , Zhao Yaofeng , Zhang Shengli , Sun Dongxiao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundImmunoglobulins (Igs) are important components of the innate immune system, and fight pathogens as a part of the first defense line. Newborn dairy calves get maternal antibodies from colostrum. Therefore, contents of immunoglobulins in colostrum and serum of cows are essential traits when estimating potential natural disease resistance of calves. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to identify candidate genes that are responsible for the observed genetic variation of immunoglobulins contents in colostrum and blood in Holstein cows.ResultsColostrum, blood and hair follicle samples were collected from the 620 Chinese Holstein cows within 24 hours after calving. The concentration of IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM in both colostrum and serum were detected via ELISA methods, respectively. Using GCTA software, GWASs were performed with 88,934 SNPs genotyped by using Illumina 50K (54,609 SNPs) and GeneSeek 150K (140,668 SNPs) chips in which 50K chip were imputed to 150K SNPs with BEAGLE 3.0.4 software. As a result, 20 and 5 SNPs were detected genome-wide significantly associated with contents of the IgG and IgM in colostrum and serum (P<3.16E–6). In addition, 57, 11 and 10 SNPs were suggestive significantly associated with IgG, IgA and IgM traits (P<6.32E–5). Next, a total of 1,083 functional genes were identified that included or adjacent to these significant SNPs with a distance less than 1 Mb. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these genes were involved in immune related pathways, such as immune response, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, negative regulation of immunoglobulin secretion, humoral immune response, Fc-epsilon receptor and NF-kappaB signaling pathways. By integrating analysis of the functional enrichment and the known QTL data, we identified 21 candidate genes associated with contents of immunoglobulins in colostrum and serum, including ABR, TIMM22, CRK, MYO1C, RILP, SERPINF2, AKT1, BCL11B, HHIPL1, DYNC1H1, HSP90AA1, TRAF3, KLC1, IL6, PYCARD, ITGAM, TGFB1I1, GUSB, CRCP, RABGEF1 and SBDS.ConclusionsIn this study, we identified 21 candidate genes associated with immunoglobulins level in colostrum and serum in dairy cattle. This founding demonstrated the possibility of increasing immunity through selective breeding and provided an important information for molecular breeding of dairy cattle.
Optimal water resource allocation based on stability – considering the correlation between water consumption and output value in different industries
Authors: Yao Liming , Zhao Lu , Pan Li , Chen Xudong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
When multiple industries share a river, they compete for available water resources. In order to settle conflicts and ensure industrial stability, it is important for river basin managers to develop a water allocation plan. In addition, there is a correlation between water demand and output in different industries, which affects water allocation plans. From the perspective of river basin government, this paper constructs a flow distribution model among the three major industries of industry, agriculture, and service. River basin government allocates water resources to the stability of the three major industries. The water consumption of various industrial sectors is centered on their own vital interests. Different industries have different characteristics and restrictions on water consumption. The study also considers transactions in different industries on the water market, using dynamic programming methods to simulate this water allocation. This allocation model is different from the traditional industrial water allocation model, and considers the correlation between the water demand and output value of different industries. The results show that a reasonable understanding of the interrelationships between industries will be more helpful to decision makers and a fundamental guarantee for sustainable use of water resources.
Evaluating Mortality Rate and Associated Parameters in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Gheini Alireza , Pooria Ali , Pourya Afsoun 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of mortality
worldwide and is characterized by unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this
study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients who died of ACS.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 1000 patients presenting ACS were included. Data and
records of these patients were evaluated for parameters such as; deceased status, age, gender,
diagnosis, ECG, common complaints, associated risk factors, Killip class, pulse, blood pressure,
geographic setup (urban or rural), complications and season in which the disease was presented.
Statistical analysis was performed on the data obtained using SPSS-win software.

Results:
The mortality rate among ACS patients in our study was 7.1%. Of these patients, AMI was
the most prevalent diagnosis and chest pain was the most common complaint. Furthermore, low
blood pressure, advanced age, increased pulse rate and fall/winter season were associated with the
increased risk of mortality. ST deviation was the most seen ECG finding and most of the mortalities
were within the 24 hours of admission.

Conclusion:
Our study reports risk factors associated with mortality in ACS patients. Advanced and
timely therapeutic measurements are likely to reduce the incidence of mortality in these patients.