bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of water purification system based on deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes and a multi-pass geometry reactor
Authors: Pramanik Pallabi , Das Shaswati , Adhikary Arghya , Chaudhuri Chirasree Roy , Bhattacharyya Anirban 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A novel reactor was designed and implemented for water purification using deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LEDs). The focus was on minimizing the number of LEDs required for effective germicidal action. Simulation studies were carried out on the flow of water as well as the irradiance of UV. Variation was made in the beam divergence of the UV sources and reflectivity of optical coatings used for photon recycling. Based on optimized reactor designs, water purification was carried out both in the static and flow-through configuration. Water from various sources was spiked with a known bacterial strain, exposure studies were carried out and germicidal effect was determined. Our results indicate that under optimal design, a 3 mL volume of water shows a three order inactivation using a single UV-LED in a static reactor in 180 s. For a flow-through geometry, only three LEDs were used in the reactor implementation, and a multi-pass procedure was used to purify 150 mL of water from an Escherichia coli CFU count of 4.3 × 104/mL to 12/mL. While slow, this process requires less than 2 W, and can be powered from rechargeable sources. Faster processes can be implanted using multiple such reactor units in parallel, and can be optimized to the requirement and power levels.
Legal pluralism and unofficial law in Lebanon: evolution and sustainable development of water
Authors: Gharios Georges 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn Lebanon, the organization of the water legislation dates back to as far as antiquity. While customs and habits used to govern water in the past, codified laws and their associated legal infrastructure are present nowadays, and cohabitate with persisting unofficial law. Mesopotamian, Roman, Ottoman, and French water laws were superimposed on Muslim customs and practices and traditional Arab social water arrangements in Lebanon, throughout a long history of conquests or mandates. Traditional customs and practices of water use that evolved into lore are still prevailing today, and go hand in hand with a palimpsest of water laws. Through a review of the co-evolution of thousands of years of written and unwritten water-related texts, the unique features of a hydro-palimpsest that combines formal and informal systems are put into value in an effort to explore their future potential in the sound and efficient management of water, in light of rapid global changes affecting the resource.
Ultrafiltration, a cost-effective solution for treating surface water to potable standard
Authors: Cuartucci Mariela 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Ultrafiltration is increasingly popular in many types of water and effluent treatment, and has been developed substantially since the turn of the century, especially for waters that are difficult to treat – e.g. surface-, waste- and sea-waters, among others. This paper is a case of study of the San Juan Reservoir Water Treatment Plant in Chongon, Ecuador, which uses ultrafiltration for water treatment. The treatment process is described with special focus on the use of ultrafiltration as a cost-effective surface water treatment. San Juan Reservoir suffers from high bacterial loads, turbidity levels and color, and the seasonal presence of algae (cyanobacteria). The advantages of ultrafiltration over conventional treatment are highlighted, as well as the technology's potential for micro-plastics removal. Micro-plastics are an emerging pollutant that has recently gained importance in drinking water treatment.
The efficacy of a recovered wash water plant in removing cyanobacteria cells and associated organic compounds
Authors: Mkhonto S. , Ewerts H. , Swanepoel A. , Snow G. C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The treatment works under investigation uses a recovered wash water plant (RWWP) to remove impurities prior to recycling filter backwash water. Filter backwash water (raw water) is characterized by high quantities of cyanobacteria cells and associated organic compounds; a potential threat when recovered water is recycled. The aim of this study is to identify the cyanobacteria cells and associated organic compounds in the filter backwash water and to subsequently evaluate the effectiveness of the RWWP in removing these organic impurities during the following periods; autumn-winter and spring-summer. Results showed that at least six major phytoplankton groups were present in the filter backwash water with turbidity levels (59 and 46 NTU; autumn-winter and spring-summer, respectively) being much higher than the drinking water productions standard of ≤5 NTU. Cyanobacteria were a dominant group (mean of 80% and above) in the total phytoplankton composition of the raw water and consisted of three genera (Anabaena sp., Microcystis sp. and Oscillatoria sp.), which were effectively removed by the RWWP (up to 99%). However, associated organic compounds such as geosmin, total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microcystin were not effectively removed during the different seasonal periods but were of such low concentrations that they posed no major risk to the drinking water quality, meeting the RWWP water quality standard.
Resolusi konflik berbasis budaya Tionghoa dan Jawa di Surakarta
Authors: Istiqomah Annisa , Widiyanto Delfiyan 
Published: May 2020

Upaya resolusi konflik dibangun untuk mencegah timbulnya konflik komunal di antara warga etnis Tionghoa dan etnis Jawa. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menguraikan upaya dalam membangun kerukunan antara etnis Tionghoa dan etnis Jawa di Kampung Pecinan, Sudiroprajan, melalui resolusi konflik berbasis budaya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi kasus dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa resolusi konflik berbasis budaya di Kampung Pecinan, Sudiroprajan meliputi: 1) proses perkawinan silang antara etnis Tionghoa dan Jawa; 2) prinsip “kumpul ra kumpul mangan” yang selanjutnya memberikan motivasi kepada masyarakat dari etnis Jawa; 3) Bangunan yang mengolaborasikan motif dan ukiran Cina dan Jawa; 4) Berbagai upacara keagamaan yang melibatkan seluruh partisipasi etnis; 5) Pertunjukkan wayang potehi dan barongsai yang dimainkan secara bersama-sama baik oleh etnis Tionghoa maupun etnis Jawa.-----Conflict resolution efforts were built to prevent communal conflict between ethnic Tionghoa and ethnic Javanese. The purpose of this study is to describe the efforts in building harmony between Tionghoa and Javanese ethnic groups in Kampung Pecinan, Sudiroprajan, through cultural-based conflict resolution. This research is a case study research using a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that cultural-based conflict resolution in Kampung Pecinan, Sudiroprajan included: 1) the process of cross-marriages between ethnic Tionghoa and Javanese; 2) the principle of "gathering together manganese gathering" which further provides motivation to the people of ethnic Javanese; 3) Buildings collaborating on Tionghoa and Javanese motifs and engravings; 4) Various religious ceremonies involving all ethnic participation; 5) Puppet potehi and barongsai performances that are played together both by ethnic Tionghoa and Javanese.
The effect of mutual cooperation values towards people’s lifestyle in the form of maps
Authors: Febriani Febriani , Tessa Adhis , Utami Ridho , Dwandaru Wipsar Sunu Brams 
Published: May 2020

Gotong-royong merupakan nilai budaya yang menjadi identitas dan dasar dari bangsa Indonesia. Akan tetapi, saat ini gotong-royong mengalami pergeseran yang berpengaruh terhadap pola hidup masyarakat Indonesia, khususnya dalam hal ini sifat individualis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh nilai gotong-royong terhadap pola hidup masyarakat di Kelurahan Tamanan, Banguntapan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) dalam bentuk peta dan pengaruhnya terhadap sifat individualis masyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif (metode campuran). Metode campuran dilakukan melalui wawancara dan survei dengan warga desa Tamanan di sembilan padukuhan. Berdasarkan peta gotong-royong diperoleh hasil bahwa padukuhan yang paling kuat nilai gotong-royong adalah Kragilan, Kerobokan, dan Glagah Kidul. Sedangkan padukuhan dengan nilai gotong-royong yang paling lemah ada di Rejokusuman dan Tamanan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kuat-lemahnya nilai gotong-royong tidak bergantung pada jauh-dekatnya letak padukuhan tersebut dari Kota Yogyakarta. Selanjutnya, peta gotong-royong ini berbanding terbalik dengan peta sifat individualis dalam masyarakat, yakni semakin kuat nilai gotong-royong dalam masyarakat semakin lemah sifat individualis dalam masyarakat.-----The Effect of Mutual Cooperation Values Towards People’s Lifestyle in the Form of Maps. Mutual cooperation is a cultural value that becomes the identity and basis of the Indonesian nation. However, currently mutual cooperation underwent a shift that may affect the lifestyle of the Indonesian people, especially in this case individual behavior. The objective of this research is to study the effect of mutual cooperation towards people’s individual behavior in Tamanan village, Banguntapan, Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) in the form of maps and its effect towards the individual behavior of the community. The research method used is qualitative and quantitative methods (mixed method). Qualitative and quantitative methods have been carried out through interviews and surveys with villagers in nine hamlets of Tamanan village. Based on the mutual cooperation map the results obtained from this study show that Kragilan, Kerobokan, and Glagah Kidul hamlets have the strongest mutual cooperation values, whereas Rejokusuman and Tamanan hamlets have the weakest mutual cooperation values. This shows that the strength of mutual cooperation does not depend on the proximity of the hamlets from the city of Yogyakarta. Moreover, the mutual cooperation map is reciprocal to the individual behavior of the people in the hamlets, i.e.: the stronger the mutual cooperation values the weaker the individual behavior.
Optimalisasi peran internet dalam mewujudkan digital citizenship dan implikasinya terhadap ketahanan pribadi siswa
Authors: Armawi Armaidy , Wahidin Darto 
Published: May 2020

Individu usia sekolah merupakan salah satu pengakses internet dengan menggunakan media sosial paling aktif. Akses internet menjadi sangat yang rawan, mengingat penggunaannya di dominasi oleh kalangan usia sekolah. Beredarnya isu hoax, fitnah, bahkan menghujat melalui media sosial yang dengan mudahnya di akses melalui internet, menunjukkan belum dewasanya dalam penggunaan internet. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini mengetahui proses optimalisasi peran internet dalam mewujudkan digital citizenship di Kota Semarang dan mengkaji implikasi dari optimalisasi peran internet terhadap ketahanan pribadi siswa di Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses optimalisasi peran internet dalam mewujudkan digital citizenship di SMA Negeri 1 Semarang dan SMK Negeri 1 Semarang dilakukan dengan mengoptimalkan akses digital, digital literacy, dan perdagangan digital. Implikasi dari optimalisasi peran internet terhadap ketahanan pribadi siswa dengan adanya hukum digital dan mewujudkan digital citizenship. Sembilan kriteria dalam mewujudkan digital citizenship telah terpenuhi, namun masih harus ada perbaikan untuk mengoptimalkannya.-----School-age is the most active social media. Internet access is very vulnerable, considering that school-age groups dominate its use. Circulation of hoax, slander, and even blasphemy through social media easily accessed via the internet shows not yet mature in using the internet. The purpose of this study is to determine the process of optimizing the role of the internet in realizing digital citizenship in Semarang City and examining the implications of optimizing the role of the internet for the personal endurance of students in the city of Semarang. This research uses a qualitative approach. The research findings that the process of optimizing the role of the internet in realizing digital citizenship in SMA (Senior High Scholl) Negeri 1 Semarang and SMK (Vocational High School) Negeri 1 Semarang carried out by optimizing digital access, digital literacy, and digital commerce. Implications of optimizing the role of the internet on students' personal resilience in the presence of digital laws and realizing digital citizenship. Nine criteria in realizing digital citizenship have met, but there must still be improvements to optimize it.
Internalisasi pendidikan moral pada perguruan tinggi di Jepang
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui konsep pembelajaran pendidikan moral di perguruan tinggi di Jepang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Tokyo Gakugei University. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa Pendidikan moral pada perguruan tinggi di Jepang bertujuan untuk membangun karakter warga negara muda untuk berpikir bagaimana caranya hidup dan bertindak atas dasar penilaian otonom dan hidup sebagai orang yang proaktif bersama dengan orang lain. Pendidikan moral menjadi alat dan media untuk mentrasformasikan nilai-nilai dasar filosofis masyarakat Jepang. Pendidikan moral dapat tercermin pada karakter keseharian masyarakat Jepang yang memiliki etos dan semangat kerja tinggi dalam menjalankan setiap profesinya-----This study aims to determine the concept of learning moral education in universities in Japan. This research is a qualitative research. The study was conducted at Tokyo Gakugei University. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Data collection methods obtained by observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study explain that moral education at universities in Japan aims to build the character of young citizens to think how to live and act on the basis of autonomous judgment and life as people who are proactive together with others. Moral education is a tool and media for transforming the basic philosophical values of Japanese society. Moral education can be reflected in the daily character of Japanese people who have high ethos and work spirit in carrying out every profession
Keterampilan meneliti yang dimiliki mahasiswa prodi pendidikan biologi se-wilayah III Cirebon
Authors: Maknun Djohar , Gloria Ria Yulia , Muzakki Jajang Aisyul 
Published: May 2020

Keterampilan meneliti meliputi keterampilan dasar, yaitu observasi, mengukur, klasifikasi, komunikasi, membuat inferensi, membuat prediksi, dan keterampilan terintegrasi berupa menafsirkan data, mengendalikan variabel, membuat definisi operasional, dan merumuskan hipotesis, dan melaksanakan eksperimen. Secara umum keterampilan meneliti meliputi keterampilan merancang, melaksanakan, dan melaporkan hasil penelitian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan keterampilan meneliti mahasiswa S-1 Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Se-wilayah III Cirebon. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan tes dan kuesioner. Sampel diambil secara acak sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini adalah rataan tingkat penguasaan keterampilan meneliti merancang tercapai sebesar 51,3%, melaksanakan penelitian sebesar 55,21%, dan melaporkan hasil penelitian 62,82%. Keterampilan meneliti kurang diberikan pelatihan pada saat pembelajaran, hanya 43,8% dosen pembimbing praktikum yang memberikan pembekalan keterampilan meneliti. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan meneliti mahasiswa S-1 Prodi Pendidikan Biologi Se-wilayah III Cirebon masih tergolong dalam kategori kurang. Research skills held by biology education study program students in region III Cirebon AbstractResearch skills include basic skills, namely observation, measuring, classification, communication, making inferences, making predictions, and integrated skills in the form of interpreting data, controlling variables, making operational definitions, and formulating hypotheses, and carrying out experiments. In general, research skills include the skills of designing, implementing, and reporting the results of research. The purpose of this study was to improve the research skills of undergraduate students in the Biology Education Study Program in Region III Cirebon. This research uses quantitative descriptive methods. Data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics. Research instruments using tests and questionnaires. Samples are taken at random. The results of this study are the average mastery level of researching design skills reached 51.3%, carrying out research amounting to 55.21%, and reporting research results of 62.82%. Research skills were not given training while learning, only 43.8% of practicum supervisors provided research skills. The conclusion of the study shows that the research skills of undergraduate students of Biology Education Study Program in Region III Cirebon are still classified in the inadequate category.
Acceptance, Usage, and Barriers of Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes Among German Rheumatologists: Survey Study
Authors: Krusche Martin , Klemm Philipp , Grahammer Manuel , Mucke Johanna , Vossen Diana , Kleyer Arnd , Sewerin Philipp , Knitza Johannes 
Published: May 2020

Background
The use of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) allows for patient-centered, measurable, and transparent care. Electronic PROs (ePROs) have many benefits and hold great potential to improve current usage of PROs, yet limited evidence exists regarding their acceptance, usage, and barriers among rheumatologists.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the current level of acceptance, usage, and barriers among German rheumatologists regarding the use of ePROs. The importance of different ePRO features for rheumatologists was investigated. Additionally, the most frequently used PROs for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were identified.

Methods
Data were collected via an online survey consisting of 18 questions. The survey was completed by members of the Working Group Young Rheumatology of the German Society for Rheumatology (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Junge Rheumatologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie [DGRh]) at the 2019 annual DGRh conference. Only members currently working in clinical adult rheumatology were eligible to complete the survey.

Results
A total of 119 rheumatologists completed the survey, of which 107 (89.9%) reported collecting PROs in routine practice and 28 (25.5%) already used ePROs. Additionally, 44% (43/97) were planning to switch to ePROs in the near future. The most commonly cited reason for not switching was the unawareness of suitable software solutions. Respondents were asked to rate the features of ePROs on a scale of 0 to 100 (0=unimportant, 100=important). The most important features were automatic score calculation and display (mean 77.50) and simple data transfer to medical reports (mean 76.90). When asked about PROs in RA, the respondents listed pain, morning stiffness, and patient global assessment as the most frequently used PROs.

Conclusions
The potential of ePROs is widely seen and there is great interest in them. Despite this, only a minority of physicians use ePROs, and the main reason for not implementing them was cited as the unawareness of suitable software solutions. Developers, patients, and rheumatologists should work closely together to help realize the full potential of ePROs and ensure a seamless integration into clinical practice.
Machine Learning–Based Signal Quality Evaluation of Single-Period Radial Artery Pulse Waves: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Ding Xiaodong , Cheng Feng , Morris Robert , Chen Cong , Wang Yiqin 
Published: May 2020

Background
The radial artery pulse wave is a widely used physiological signal for disease diagnosis and personal health monitoring because it provides insight into the overall health of the heart and blood vessels. Periodic radial artery pulse signals are subsequently decomposed into single pulse wave periods (segments) for physiological parameter evaluations. However, abnormal periods frequently arise due to external interference, the inherent imperfections of current segmentation methods, and the quality of the pulse wave signals.

Objective
The objective of this paper was to develop a machine learning model to detect abnormal pulse periods in real clinical data.

Methods
Various machine learning models, such as k-nearest neighbor, logistic regression, and support vector machines, were applied to classify the normal and abnormal periods in 8561 segments extracted from the radial pulse waves of 390 outpatients. The recursive feature elimination method was used to simplify the classifier.

Results
It was found that a logistic regression model with only four input features can achieve a satisfactory result. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve from the test set was 0.9920. In addition, these classifiers can be easily interpreted.

Conclusions
We expect that this model can be applied in smart sport watches and watchbands to accurately evaluate human health status.
Global Sentiments Surrounding the COVID-19 Pandemic on Twitter: Analysis of Twitter Trends
Authors: Lwin May Oo , Lu Jiahui , Sheldenkar Anita , Schulz Peter Johannes , Shin Wonsun , Gupta Raj , Yang Yinping 
Published: May 2020

Background
With the World Health Organization’s pandemic declaration and government-initiated actions against coronavirus disease (COVID-19), sentiments surrounding COVID-19 have evolved rapidly.

Objective
This study aimed to examine worldwide trends of four emotions—fear, anger, sadness, and joy—and the narratives underlying those emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Over 20 million social media twitter posts made during the early phases of the COVID-19 outbreak from January 28 to April 9, 2020, were collected using “wuhan,” “corona,” “nCov,” and “covid” as search keywords.

Results
Public emotions shifted strongly from fear to anger over the course of the pandemic, while sadness and joy also surfaced. Findings from word clouds suggest that fears around shortages of COVID-19 tests and medical supplies became increasingly widespread discussion points. Anger shifted from xenophobia at the beginning of the pandemic to discourse around the stay-at-home notices. Sadness was highlighted by the topics of losing friends and family members, while topics related to joy included words of gratitude and good health.

Conclusions
Overall, global COVID-19 sentiments have shown rapid evolutions within just the span of a few weeks. Findings suggest that emotion-driven collective issues around shared public distress experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic are developing and include large-scale social isolation and the loss of human lives. The steady rise of societal concerns indicated by negative emotions needs to be monitored and controlled by complementing regular crisis communication with strategic public health communication that aims to balance public psychological wellbeing.