bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide diversity and habitat underlie fine‐scale phenotypic differentiation in the rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum)
Authors: Oliveira Daniel R. , Reid Brendan N. , Fitzpatrick Sarah W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdaptation to environmental change requires that populations harbor the necessary genetic variation to respond to selection. However, dispersal‐limited species with fragmented populations and reduced genetic diversity may lack this variation and are at an increased risk of local extinction. In freshwater fish species, environmental change in the form of increased stream temperatures places many cold‐water species at‐risk. We present a study of rainbow darters (Etheostoma caeruleum) in which we evaluated the importance of genetic variation on adaptive potential and determined responses to extreme thermal stress. We compared fine‐scale patterns of morphological and thermal tolerance differentiation across eight sites, including a unique lake habitat. We also inferred contemporary population structure using genomic data and characterized the relationship between individual genetic diversity and stress tolerance. We found site‐specific variation in thermal tolerance that generally matched local conditions and morphological differences associated with lake‐stream divergence. We detected patterns of population structure on a highly local spatial scale that could not be explained by isolation by distance or stream connectivity. Finally, we showed that individual thermal tolerance was positively correlated with genetic variation, suggesting that sites with increased genetic diversity may be better at tolerating novel stress. Our results highlight the importance of considering intraspecific variation in understanding population vulnerability and stress response.
An argo‐based experiment providing near‐real‐time subsurface oceanic environmental information for fishery data
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Ling , Wang Zhen‐Feng , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA better understanding of the relationships between oceanic environments and fishing conditions could make the utilization of fish more efficient, profitable, and sustainable. The current lack of high‐precision subsurface seawater information has long been a constraint on fishery research. Using near‐real‐time Argo observations, this paper presents a new approach called gradient‐dependent optimal interpolation. This approach provides daily subsurface oceanic environmental information according to fishery dates and locations. An experiment was conducted in the western and central Pacific Ocean using yellowfin tuna (YFT) catch data in August 2017. The results of seawater temperature and salinity represented differences of less than ±0.5°C and ±0.05, respectively, according to verification of error analysis and truth‐finding comparisons. After applying the constructed temperature and salinity profiles, we described the relationship between subsurface information and yellowfin tuna catch distribution. Statistical analysis revealed that yellowfin tuna were more adapted to warmer and saltier seawater. At the near‐surface (<5 m), the most suitable temperature was 28–29°C, although yellowfin tuna can endure a temperature range from 11 to 12°C at a depth of 300 m. The corresponding upper boundary of the thermocline was approximately 75 m, with a mean strength of 0.074°C/m, and the most suitable salinity for yellowfin tuna was 34.5–36.0 at depths shallower than 300 m. These results indicated that the constructed subsurface information was very close to the true values and they had high spatial and temporal accuracy.
Disentangling the multiple effects of stream drying and riparian canopy cover on the trophic ecology of a highly threatened fish
Authors: Meijer Christopher G. , Warburton Helen J. , McIntosh Angus R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Understanding risks to aquatic systems posed by changing drought regimes is particularly important for the conservation of already threatened taxa. However, little is known about how local environmental conditions, especially those in heavily human‐influenced situations, interact with regional shifts such as droughts to alter realised impacts on aquatic communities, including threatened top predators.

Here, we investigated the combined effects of stream drying intensity and riparian canopy cover on the trophic interactions of critically endangered kōwaro, or Canterbury mudfish (Neochanna burrowsius) in an agricultural area of New Zealand. Fish populations and their potential prey, both terrestrial and aquatic, as well as environmental variables, including riparian canopy cover and drying measured with stage loggers, were sampled over eight visits to 24 sites spanning orthogonal drying and canopy gradients. Stable isotope ratios, 13C/12C and 15N/14N, were used to investigate trophic links between mudfish and their terrestrial and aquatic prey across these gradients.

When non‐native willows (predominantly Salix fragilis) dominated the riparian canopy, increased tree cover led to elevated drying intensity, probably driven by their relatively high water demands compared to other trees. However, in the absence of willows, canopy cover had no effect on drying intensity. Although this was the only direct link between these two environmental factors, they had opposing effects on kōwaro populations, which will be important for management under drought.

Increased drying intensity contributed to elevated abundance of microcrustacea and aquatic Diptera larvae, and an increase in the relative abundance of kōwaro juveniles. However, drying‐affected kōwaro populations also had fewer large reproductive adults and elevated δ15N values, probably driven by physiological limitations and an increase in kōwaro cannibalism, respectively.

By comparison, increased canopy cover enhanced input of terrestrial invertebrates, a food resource for larger kōwaro, leading to elevated kōwaro δ13C values, no effects on δ15N values, and higher relative abundance of large kōwaro in shaded streams compared to unshaded streams. Thus, the riparian canopy cover was able to offset some of the effects of drying.

Overall, we found no interactions between drying intensity and canopy cover affecting kōwaro. However, their opposing effect highlights the important role local conditions such as riparian canopies play on aquatic communities and their potential role as a restoration tool to mitigate the effects of large‐scale shifts such as drought.
Immunohistochemical detection of citrullinated histone H3‐positive neutrophils is useful for identifying active glomerular and interstitial lesions in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis
Authors: Kimura Hidehito , Mii Akiko , Shoji Jun , Arakawa Yusuke , Shimizu Akira 
Published: September 2020

AimsActivated neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), resulting in a form of cell death called NETosis. NET formation is reportedly involved in the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis (AAV). Citrullination of histones is a key step in NET formation, and the presence of citrullinated histones in neutrophils may be associated with disease induction and activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between infiltrating citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit)‐positive neutrophils and disease specificity and activity in various glomerulonephritides.Methods and resultsWe selected 32 kidney biopsies with glomerulonephritides, including AAV, lupus nephritis (LN), Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN), and poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN). We examined the presence of H3Cit in infiltrating neutrophils and their association with necrotising, crescentic lesions and tubulointerstitial lesions. In PSAGN and HSPN, we found many myeloperoxidase (MPO)+ neutrophils in glomeruli; however, only a few were H3Cit+. In LN, MPO+ neutrophils mainly existed in the margins of glomerular tufts forming wire‐loop lesions, and some of these were noted to be H3Cit+ neutrophils. In contrast, we found a significantly higher frequency of H3Cit+ neutrophils, despite the small number of MPO+ neutrophils, in microscopic polyangiitis in AAV. In particular, H3Cit+ neutrophils were prominent in necrotising lesions along the glomerular capillaries. Moreover, we also found H3Cit+ neutrophils in the interstitium, with marked peritubular capillaritis in AAV.ConclusionsH3Cit immunostaining is a useful tool for identifying activated neutrophils. The frequency of H3Cit+ neutrophils is not only a disease‐specific marker but also a potential marker for disease activity in AAV.
Driver mutations occur frequently in metastases of well‐differentiated small intestine neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Samsom Kris G , Levy Sonja , van Veenendaal Linde M , Roepman Paul , Kodach Liudmila L , Steeghs Neeltje , Valk Gerlof D , Wouter Dercksen M , Kuhlmann Koert F D , Verbeek Wieke H M , Meijer Gerrit A , Tesselaar Margot E T , van den Berg José G 
Published: September 2020

AimsTo investigate the clinicopathological significance of driver mutations in metastatic well‐differentiated small intestine neuroendocrine tumours (SI‐NETs).Methods and resultsWhole genome sequencing (WGS) of 35 metastatic SI‐NETs and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of eight metastatic SI‐NETs were performed. Biopsies were obtained between 2015 and 2019. Tumours were classified according to the 2019 World Health Organization classification. WGS included assessment of somatic mutations in all cancer‐related driver genes, the tumour mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite status. NGS entailed a cancer hotspot panel of 58 genes. Our cohort consisted of 21% grade 1, 60% grade 2 and 19% grade 3 SI‐NETs. Driver mutations were identified in ~50% of SI‐NETs. In total, 27 driver mutations were identified, of which 74% were in tumour suppressor genes (e.g. TP53, RB1, and CDKN1B) and 22% were in proto‐oncogenes (e.g. KRAS, NRAS, and MET). Allelic loss of chromosome 18 (63%), complete loss of CDKN2A and CDKN1B (both 6%) and CDKN1B mutations (9%) were most common. Potential targetable genetic alterations were detected in 21% of metastasised SI‐NETs. All tumours were microsatellite‐stable and showed low TMBs (median 1.10; interquartile range 0.87–1.35). The Ki67 proliferation index was significantly associated with the presence of driver mutations (P = 0.015).ConclusionDriver mutations occur in 50% of metastasised SI‐NETs, and their presence is associated with a high Ki67 proliferation index. The identification of targetable mutations make these patients potentially eligible for targeted therapy.
Effect of dominant parabioticAnt‐Gardenants on the understory and ground‐dwelling ant assemblage in the Amazon rainforest
Authors: Vicente Ricardo Eduardo , Izzo Thiago Junqueira 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTCamponotus femoratus(Fabricius, 1804) andCrematogaster leviorLongino, 2003 are Amazonian ants that jointly live in a parabiotic association in arboreal nests that are known as Ant‐Gardens (AGs). Both species are locally abundant and aggressive, which forage on the ground and on the vegetation.We evaluated, with extensive sampling, the effect ofCa. femoratusandCr. levioron the ground and the understory dwelling of ant assemblages in the southern Amazon using pit‐fall traps, beating‐tray sampling, and baiting.We found thatCa. femoratusandCr. leviorcaused a decrease in both the abundance and the species richness of the ground ants, changing the assemblage composition, and causing a nestedness pattern. Yet, AG ants seem to not promote significant changes in the assemblage of ants in the understory, with the exception of canopy openness and region, indicating a spatial resource partitioning.Our results showed that the frequency of these parabiotic AG ant pairs can modify the regional assemblage of the ground‐dwelling ants. As ants are ecological engineers and interact with numerous organisms in tropical habitats, the effect of the parabiotic ants can be extended to other organisms that inhabit the gaps along succession.
The effects of perceived regulatory efficacy, ethnocentrism and food safety concern on the demand for organic food
Authors: Shahabi Ahangarkolaee Saeed , Gorton Matthew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCertified organic products hold a niche but growing share of global food markets with considerable interest in the factors affecting consumers’ Willingness To Pay (WTP) for organic food. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of perceived regulatory efficiency, food safety concern and ethnocentrism on demand for organic food. In total, 450 Iranian food shoppers took part in a choice experiment for organic rice, with the attributes: price, retail outlet, product type and country of origin. Mixed logit model results suggest that perceived regulatory efficacy and food safety concerns enhance WTP for organic food, while ethnocentrism enhances consumers’ WTP for domestically produced food but not organic food per se. In emerging economies, the growth of the organic market will depend on the perceived robustness of regulatory systems while ethnocentrism will curtail the potential for export‐based models of development.
Covid‐19 pandemic and the skin
Authors: Drenovska Kossara , Schmidt Enno , Vassileva Snejina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the beginning of the COVID‐19 outbreak, skin manifestations, if present, were not paid enough attention. Then, the focus moved toward the impact of the prolonged use of personal protective measures in both healthcare workers and patients. In the meantime, attention is increasingly paid to dermatology as a result of the concern for certain groups of dermatologic patients, including those whose condition may worsen by the thorough disinfection measures and those treated with immunosuppressants or immunomodulators. Following patients with psoriasis on biological therapy, as well as other inflammatory and autoimmune cutaneous disorders such as atopic dermatitis, pemphigus, pemphigoid diseases, and skin cancer provoked the interest of dermatologists. Finally, an intriguing question to the dermatologic society was whether skin changes during COVID‐19 infection exist and what could be their diagnostic or prognostic value. Here, we summarize skin conditions during the COVID‐19 pandemic, patient information, and expert recommendations and give an overview about the registries launched to document skin changes during COVID‐19, as well as details about certain patient groups infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, for example, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and autoimmune bullous diseases.
A study to compare Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell count determined on a next‐generation automated cell counter with flow cytometric CD34 count in peripheral blood and the harvested peripheral blood stem cell graft from autologous and allogenic donors
Authors: Mishra Shruti , Kulkarni Uday , Mathews Nitty , V Ramya , Ch. Nair Sukesh , George Biju , Mammen Joy J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionA successful bone marrow transplant requires a minimum of 2‐4 × 106 cells/kg patient body weight of CD 34+ cells to be transfused, where peripheral blood CD34+ cell count being and ideal predictor. We compared the correlation and predictive capacity of both hematopoietic progenitor cell count (HPC) determined on the Sysmex XN‐9000 and flow cytometric CD34 in autologous and allogenic donors.MethodsAutologous and allogenic donors were taken as per criteria. TLC (Total Leukocyte Count), MNC (Mononuclear cell count), HPC, and CD34 assay were done in both the peripheral blood prior to apheresis, and the harvest product postapheresis. Sysmex XN‐9000 was used for TLC, MNC, and HPC tests, and a modified ISH‐AGE protocol was used to enumerate CD34 by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16.0.ResultsSixty‐seven allogenic and 35 autologous donors were enrolled. 45% were females, and 55% were males. Correlation between HPC and CD34 was found to be 0.887 with P value < .01 in peripheral blood and 0.847 with P value < .01 in the harvested product. On the other hand, TLC had a correlation of 0.424 and 0.520 in peripheral blood and harvested, respectively. MNC had a weak association. The cutoff value for a target dose of 2 × 106 CD34 cells/kg was 37 × 106/L for pre‐HPC. For a target of 4 × 106 CD34 cells/kg, the cutoff value calculated to be 54 × 106/L (Sensitivity: 85%, Specificity: 89%) for peripheral blood HPC.ConclusionWe conclude that HPC is comparable to CD34 in predicting harvest product's adequacy.
Presence of constipation predicts the therapeutic efficacy of pembrolizumab in metastatic urothelial cancer patients
Authors: Inoue Satoshi , Sassa Naoto , Kato Takashi , Yamauchi Yushi , Hirabayashi Tsuyoki , Yuguchi Yuri , Maeda Motohiro , Soeda Yuya , Hattori Ryohei , Gotoh Momokazu 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo study bowel function in urothelial cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab and to assess its association with treatment efficacy.MethodsThis retrospective study was analyzed for patients with metastatic urothelial cancer who received immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment between December 2017 and June 2019 at Nagoya University and affiliated hospitals in Japan. The association between bowel dysfunction (defined as constipation or need for laxatives) and treatment efficacy was investigated.ResultsWe retrospectively enrolled 73 patients with metastatic urothelial cancer who received immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. All patients received pembrolizumab at 200 mg per bodyweight administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Performance status was 0–1 in 58 patients (79.5%), and liver metastasis was detected in 22 patients (30.1%). The median age was 72 years (range 40–89 years). A total of 45 patients had constipation. The median progression‐free survival and overall survival from the start of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment was 4.0 months (95% confidence interval 1.0–17.3) and 6.6 months (95% confidence interval 1.0–18.0), respectively. Patients with constipation had a significantly higher risk of disease progression (P = 0.005). There was no significant association between constipation and overall survival (P = 0.131). However, complete response was observed among two patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor, both of whom did not present constipation.ConclusionThe presence of constipation might be a prognostic factor for urothelial cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment.
Adhesion molecule cross‐linking and cytokine exposure modulate IgE‐ and non‐IgE‐dependent basophil activation
Authors: Kalm Frida , Mansouri Ladan , Russom Aman , Lundahl Joachim , Nopp Anna 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBasophils are known for their role in allergic inflammation, which makes them suitable targets in allergy diagnostics such as the basophil activation test (BAT) and the microfluidic immunoaffinity basophil activation test (miBAT). Beside their role in allergy, basophils have an immune modulatory role in both innate immunity and adaptive immunity. To accomplish this mission, basophils depend on the capability to migrate from blood to extravascular tissues, which includes interactions with endothelial cells, extracellular matrix and soluble mediators. Their receptor repertoire is well known, but less is known how these receptor–ligand interactions impact the degranulation process and the responsiveness to subsequent activation. As the consequences of these interactions are crucial to fully appreciate the role of basophils in immune modulation and to enable optimization of the miBAT, we explored how basophil activation status is regulated by cytokines and cross‐linking of adhesion molecules. The expression of adhesion molecules and activation markers on basophils from healthy blood donors was analysed by flow cytometry. Cross‐linking of CD203c, CD62L, CD11b and CD49d induced a significant upregulation of CD63 and CD203c. To mimic in vivo conditions, valid also for miBAT, CD62L and CD49d were cross‐linked followed by IgE‐dependent activation (anti‐IgE), which caused a reduced CD63 expression compared with anti‐IgE activation only. IL‐3 and IL‐33 priming caused increased CD63 expression after IgE‐independent activation (fMLP). Together, our data suggest that mechanisms operational both in the microfluidic chip and in vivo during basophil adhesion may impact basophil anaphylactic and piecemeal degranulation procedures and hence their immune regulatory function.
Full color white light, temperature self‐monitor, and thermochromatic effect of Cu+ and Tm3+ codoped germanate glasses
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Chen Baojiu , Zhang Xizhen , Li Xiangping , Zhang Jinsu , Xu Sai , Wang Xin , Zhang Yanqiu , Wang Li , Li Desheng , Lin Hai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLighting sources with full‐color visible output are widely preferred in practical applications. In addition, modern lighting sources also tend to be intelligentized, and the intelligentization asks for smart luminescence materials. In this work, we attempt to develop novel full‐color emitting material with temperature sensing and thermochromatic ability. To this end, the Cu2+ is successfully reduced to Cu+ which is incorporated into the germanate glasses. The glasses are prepared via a melt‐quenching technique using graphite powders as reducing reagent. The supper‐broadening of the excitation and the emission spectra of Cu+ in the germanate glasses are observed. Full‐color emission is realized by introducing Tm3+ as co‐dopant to provide the blue component in the spectra. The energy transfer behavior between Cu+ and Tm3+ is investigated, and it is found that these two luminescence centers are independently existent without energy transfer between them. The chromatic properties of the Cu+/Tm3+ co‐doped glasses are tuned by Tm3+ concentration and excitation wavelength. The temperature sensing based on the fluorescence intensity ratio technique is demonstrated, and a constant sensitivity for the temperature detection is obtained. Moreover the thermochromatic property is also investigated, and it is found that the studied Cu+/Tm3+‐doped glasses exhibit excellent thermochromatic performance.
Mediating effects of family functioning on the relationship between care burden and family quality of life of caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities in Mongolia
Authors: Kim Jinhee , Kim Hyunlye , Park Seojin , Yoo Jaeyong , Gelegjamts Delgersuren 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundIntellectual disabilities are characterized by constant and complex needs for care that place a heavy burden on the families of affected individuals and affect their overall quality of life. We evaluated the mediating effects of family functioning on the relationship between care burden and the family quality of life of caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities in Mongolia.MethodsData were collected from a sample of 150 caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities from October 2017 to November 2017. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the mediating effects of family functioning.ResultsFamily functioning had a partial mediating effect (β = .702, p < .001) on the relationship between care burden and family quality of life.ConclusionFamily functioning should be considered when developing a social support intervention to improve family quality of life among caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities.