bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-cost limit of classical communication with restricted quantum measurements
Authors: Kunz Ludwig , Jarzyna Marcin , Zwoliński Wojciech , Banaszek Konrad 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We consider a communication scenario where classical information is encoded in an ensemble of quantum states that admit a power series expansion in a cost parameter and converge to a single zero cost state with vanishing cost. For a given measurement scheme, we derive an approximate expression for mutual information in the leading order of the cost parameter. The general results are applied to selected problems in optical communication, where coherent states of light are used as input symbols and the cost is quantified as the average number of photons per symbol. We show that for an arbitrary individual measurement on phase shift keyed (PSK) symbols, the photon information efficiency is upper bounded by 2 nats of information per photon in the low-cost limit, which coincides with the conventional homodyne detection bound. The presented low-cost approximation facilitates a systematic analysis of few-symbol measurements that exhibit superadditivity of accessible information. For the binary PSK alphabet of coherent states, we present designs for two- and three-symbol measurement schemes based on linear optics, homodyning, and single photon detection that offer respectively 2.49% and 3.40% enhancement relative to individual measurements. We also show how designs for scalable superadditive measurement schemes emerge from the introduced low-cost formalism.
Power, Knowledge, and the Epistemic Contract on Age: The Case of Colonial India
Authors: Pande Ishita 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article scrutinizes the implementation of age-of-consent legislation in high courts across colonial India to foreground some of its quirky and unstudied effects, and to consider alternative juridical notions of consent conceptualized without the logic of chronological age. Breaking open the naturalized relationship between age and consent, it shows that the use of age standards to measure all humans can be traced to the history of liberal law and its colonial career, just as the standard measures of age are tied to its forensic technologies and rules of evidence. By drawing attention to the provincial—or liberal juridical—roots of age as a measure of legal capacity, this article questions the use of age as a way of accounting for human subjects, and for governing intimate relations, that is meaningful, necessary, or desirable in all historical contexts. Suggesting that a juridical understanding of age continues to circumscribe social-scientific analysis, this article calls for a more explicit, as well as a more cautious and reflexive, use of age as a category of analysis in writing histories for South Asia, and elsewhere.
Julius Scott’s Masterless Caribbean and the Force of Its Common Wind
Authors: Soriano Cristina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The 2018 publication of Julius S. Scott’s The Common Wind: Afro-American Currents in the Age of the Haitian Revolution inspired a renewed focus on the reverberations of the Haitian Revolution. Here, six scholars of the Atlantic World and the Age of Revolutions consider the historiographical implications of The Common Wind and remind us how the Haitian upheaval belongs at the very center of the ripples of modernity that spread across the globe from the revolutionary Atlantic.
Exploration profiles drive activity patterns and temporal niche specialization in a wild rodent
Authors: Gharnit Elouana , Bergeron Patrick , Garant Dany , Réale Denis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIndividual niche specialization can have important consequences for competition, fitness, and, ultimately, population dynamics and ecological speciation. The temporal window and the level of daily activity are niche components that may vary with sex, breeding season, food supply, population density, and predator’s circadian rhythm. More recently, ecologists emphasized that traits such as dispersal and space use could depend on personality differences. Boldness and exploration have been shown to correlate with variation in foraging patterns, habitat use, and home range. Here, we assessed the link between exploration, measured from repeated novel environment tests, activity patterns, and temporal niche specialization in wild eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus). Intrinsic differences in exploration should drive daily activity patterns through differences in energy requirements, space use, or the speed to access resources. We used collar-mounted accelerometers to assess whether individual exploration profiles predicted: 1) daily overall dynamic body acceleration, reflecting overall activity levels; 2) mean activity duration and the rate of activity sequences, reflecting the structure of daily activity; and 3) patterns of dawn and dusk activity, reflecting temporal niche differentiation. Exploration and overall activity levels were weakly related. However, both dawn activity and rate of activity sequences increased with the speed of exploration. Overall, activity patterns varied according to temporal variability in food conditions. This study emphasizes the role of intrinsic behavioral differences in activity patterns in a wild animal population. Future studies will help us understand how yearly seasonality in reproduction, food abundance, and population density modulate personality-dependent foraging patterns and temporal niche specialization.
Exploring Formal Care Providers’ Perspectives of the Support Needs of Older Male Spousal Care-givers: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Fee Anne , McIlfatrick Sonja , Ryan Assumpta 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Formal support comprises services provided by health, social care and community-based agencies (CBAs), including charities. Evidence indicates poor uptake of formal support by older male care-givers who often fail to accept help until a crisis point is reached. Given the growing recognition of caregiving as gendered, there is a need for an enhanced understanding of how support providers can assess and address the needs of this caregiving sub-group. The aim of this study was to explore formal care providers’ perspectives of support for older male spousal care-givers through focus group interviews. The study was conducted in a region in the United Kingdom (UK) with four CBAs (participants: n = 33), and five statutory healthcare providers (participants: n = 51). Thematic data analysis resulted in the identification of three themes: Service Priorities, Engaging Men, Assessment of Need. Findings revealed that service flexibility was key to providing support; difficulties in engaging men in support and low take-up of carers’ assessments were potential barriers to support. Social workers should have an in-depth understanding of how caregiving is gendered and how this may influence the support needs of older male spousal care-givers. Enhanced carers’ assessment training, which highlights collaboration in planning and delivery of tailored support, may result in support that enables older male care-givers to sustain their caregiving role.
Predictive Value of 3 Clinical Criteria for Sepsis (Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, and National Early Warning Score) With Respect to Short-term Mortality in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients With Suspected Infections
Authors: Lind Margaret L , Phipps Amanda I , Mooney Stephen , Liu Catherine , Fohner Alison , Patel Kevin , Ueda Masumi , Pergam Steven A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Sepsis disproportionately affects allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients and is challenging to define. Clinical criteria that predict mortality and intensive care unit end-points in patients with suspected infections (SIs) are used in sepsis definitions, but their predictive value among immunocompromised populations is largely unknown. Here, we evaluate 3 criteria among allogeneic HCT recipients with SIs.

Methods
We evaluated Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), and National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in relation to short-term mortality among recipients transplanted between September 2010 and July 2017. We used cut-points of ≥ 2 for qSOFA/SIRS and ≥ 7 for NEWS and restricted to first SI per hospital encounter during patients’ first 100 days posttransplant.

Results
Of the 880 recipients who experienced ≥ 1 SI, 58 (6.6%) died within 28 days and 22 (2.5%) within 10 days of an SI. In relation to 10-day mortality, SIRS was the most sensitive (91.3% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 72.0%–98.9%]) but least specific (35.0% [95% CI, 32.6%–37.5%]), whereas qSOFA was the most specific (90.5% [95% CI, 88.9%–91.9%]) but least sensitive (47.8% [95% CI, 26.8%–69.4%]). NEWS was moderately sensitive (78.3% [95% CI, 56.3%–92.5%]) and specific (70.2% [95% CI, 67.8%–72.4%]).

Conclusions
NEWS outperformed qSOFA and SIRS, but each criterion had low to moderate predictive accuracy, and the magnitude of the known limitations of qSOFA and SIRS was at least as large as in the general population. Our data suggest that population-specific criteria are needed for immunocompromised patients.
Effect of chronic exercise in healthy young male adults: a metabolomic analysis
Authors: Koay Yen Chin , Stanton Kelly , Kienzle Vivian , Li Mengbo , Yang Jean , Celermajer David S , O’Sullivan John F 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine the metabolic adaptation to an 80-day exercise intervention in healthy young male adults where lifestyle factors such as diet, sleep, and physical activities are controlled.Methods and resultsThis study involved cross-sectional analysis before and after an 80-day aerobic and strength exercise intervention in 52 young, adult, male, newly enlisted soldiers in 2015. Plasma metabolomic analyses were performed using liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry. Data analyses were performed between March and August 2019. We analysed changes in metabolomic profiles at the end of an 80-day exercise intervention compared to baseline, and the association of metabolite changes with changes in clinical parameters. Global metabolism was dramatically shifted after the exercise training programme. Fatty acids and ketone body substrates, key fuels used by exercising muscle, were dramatically decreased in plasma in response to increased aerobic fitness. There were highly significant changes across many classes of metabolic substrates including lipids, ketone bodies, arginine metabolites, endocannabinoids, nucleotides, markers of proteolysis, products of fatty acid oxidation, microbiome-derived metabolites, markers of redox stress, and substrates of coagulation. For statistical analyses, a paired t-test was used and Bonferroni-adjusted P-value of &lt;0.0004 was considered to be statistically significant. The metabolite dimethylguanidino valeric acid (DMGV) (recently shown to predict lack of metabolic response to exercise) tracked maladaptive metabolic changes to exercise; those with increases in DMGV levels had increases in several cardiovascular risk factors; changes in DMGV levels were significantly positively correlated with increases in body fat (P = 0.049), total and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.003 and P = 0.007), and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.006). This study was approved by the Departments of Defence and Veterans’ Affairs Human Research Ethics Committee and written informed consent was obtained from each subject.ConclusionFor the first time, the true magnitude and extent of metabolic adaptation to chronic exercise training are revealed in this carefully designed study, which can be leveraged for novel therapeutic strategies in cardiometabolic disease. Extending the recent report of DMGV’s predictive utility in sedentary, overweight individuals, we found that it is also a useful marker of poor metabolic response to exercise in young, healthy, fit males.
Resection of the irradiated esophagus: the impact of lymph node yield on survival
Authors: Esposito V R , Yerokun B A , Mulvihill M S , Cox M L , Andrew B Y , Yang C J , Choi A Y , Moore C , D’Amico T A , Tong B C , Hartwig M G 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARY
There is debate surrounding the appropriate threshold for lymph node harvest during esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer, specifically for those receiving preoperative radiation. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of lymph node yield on survival in patients receiving preoperative chemoradiation for esophageal cancer. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was utilized to identify patients with esophageal cancer that received preoperative radiation. The cohort was divided into patients undergoing minimal (&lt;9) or extensive (≥9) lymph node yield. Demographic, operative, and postoperative outcomes were compared between the groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis with the log rank test was used to compare survival between the yield groups. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the association between lymph node yield and survival. In total, 886 cases were included: 349 (39%) belonging to the minimal node group and 537 (61%) to the extensive group. Unadjusted 5-year survival was similar between the minimal and extensive groups, respectively (37.3% vs. 38.8%; P &gt; 0.05). After adjustment using Cox regression, extensive lymph node yield was associated with survival (hazard ratio 0.80, confidence interval 0.66–0.98, P = 0.03). This study suggests that extensive lymph node yield is advantageous for patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy following induction therapy. This most likely reflects improved diagnosis and staging with extensive yield.
Phase Transitions on C*-Algebras from Actions of Congruence Monoids on Rings of Algebraic Integers
Authors: Bruce Chris 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe compute the KMS (equilibrium) states for the canonical time evolution on C*-algebras from actions of congruence monoids on rings of algebraic integers. We show that for each $\beta \in [1,2]$, there is a unique KMS$_\beta $ state, and we prove that it is a factor state of type III$_1$. There are phase transitions at $\beta =2$ and $\beta =\infty $ involving a quotient of a ray class group. Our computation of KMS and ground states generalizes the results of Cuntz, Deninger, and Laca for the full $ax+b$-semigroup over a ring of integers, and our type classification generalizes a result of Laca and Neshveyev in the case of the rational numbers and a result of Neshveyev in the case of arbitrary number fields.
Development and evaluation of a national gentamicin and vancomycin quality improvement programme
Authors: Semple Yvonne , Bennie Marion , Sneddon Jacqueline , Cockburn Alison , Seaton R Andrew , Thomson Alison H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Scottish Antimicrobial Prescribing Group (SAPG) recommendations to reduce broad-spectrum antimicrobial use led to an increase in gentamicin and vancomycin prescribing. In 2009, SAPG introduced national guidance to standardize dosage regimens, reduce calculation errors and improve the monitoring of these antibiotics. Studies conducted in 2010 and 2011 identified limitations in guideline implementation.

Objectives
To develop, implement and assess the long-term impact of quality improvement (QI) resources to support gentamicin and vancomycin prescribing, administration and monitoring.

Methods
New resources, comprising revised guidelines, online and mobile app dose calculators, educational material and specialized prescribing and monitoring charts were developed in collaboration with antimicrobial specialists and implemented throughout Scotland during 2013–16. An online survey in 2017 evaluated the use of these resources and a before (2011) and after (2018) point prevalence study assessed their impact.

Results
All 12 boards who responded to the survey (80%) were using the guidance, electronic calculators and gentamicin prescription chart; 8 used a vancomycin chart. The percentage of patients who received the recommended gentamicin dose increased from 44% to 89% (OR 10.99, 95% CI = 6.37–18.95) between 2011 and 2018. For vancomycin, the correct loading dose increased from 50% to 85% (OR = 5.69, CI = 2.76–11.71) and the correct maintenance dose from 55% to 90% (OR = 7.17, CI = 3.01–17.07).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated improvements in the national prescribing of gentamicin and vancomycin through the development and coordinated implementation of a range of QI resources and engagement with local and national multidisciplinary teams.
Rice F-bZIP transcription factors regulate the zinc deficiency response
Authors: Lilay Grmay H , Castro Pedro Humberto , Guedes Joana G , Almeida Diego M , Campilho Ana , Azevedo Herlander , Aarts Mark G M , Saibo Nelson J M , Assunção Ana G L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The F-bZIP transcription factors bZIP19 and bZIP23 are the central regulators of the zinc deficiency response in Arabidopsis, and phylogenetic analysis of F-bZIP homologs across land plants indicates that the regulatory mechanism of the zinc deficiency response may be conserved. Here, we identified the rice F-bZIP homologs and investigated their function. OsbZIP48 and OsbZIP50, but not OsbZIP49, complement the zinc deficiency-hypersensitive Arabidopsis bzip19bzip23 double mutant. Ectopic expression of OsbZIP50 in Arabidopsis significantly increases plant zinc accumulation under control zinc supply, suggesting an altered Zn sensing in OsbZIP50. In addition, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of F-bZIP homologs from representative monocot species that supports the branching of plant F-bZIPs into Group 1 and Group 2. Our results suggest that regulation of the zinc deficiency response in rice is conserved, with OsbZIP48 being a functional homolog of AtbZIP19 and AtbZIP23. A better understanding of the mechanisms behind the Zn deficiency response in rice and other important crops will contribute to develop plant-based strategies to address the problems of Zn deficiency in soils, crops, and cereal-based human diets.
Pollen–stigma interactions in Brassicaceae: complex communication events regulating pollen hydration
Authors: Bosch Maurice , Wang Ludi 
Published: March 2020

This article comments on:Rozier F, Riglet L, Kodera C, Bayle V, Durand E, Schnabel J, Gaude T, Fobis-Loisy I. 2020. Live-cell imaging of early events following pollen perception in self-incompatible Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 2513–2526.
Cathelicidin-inspired antimicrobial peptides as novel antifungal compounds
Authors: van Eijk Martin , Boerefijn Stephanie , Cen Lida , Rosa Marisela , Morren Marnix J H , van der Ent Cornelis K , Kraak Bart , Dijksterhuis Jan , Valdes Ivan D , Haagsman Henk P , de Cock Hans 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFungal infections in humans are increasing worldwide and are currently mostly treated with a relative limited set of antifungals. Resistance to antifungals is increasing, for example, in Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida auris, and expected to increase for many medically relevant fungal species in the near future. We have developed and patented a set of cathelicidin-inspired antimicrobial peptides termed ‘PepBiotics’. These peptides were initially selected for their bactericidal activity against clinically relevant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus isolates derived from patients with cystic fibrosis and are active against a wide range of bacteria (ESKAPE pathogens). We now report results from studies that were designed to investigate the antifungal activity of PepBiotics against a set of medically relevant species encompassing species of Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Fusarium, Malassezia, and Talaromyces. We characterized a subset of PepBiotics and show that these peptides strongly affected metabolic activity and/or growth of a set of medically relevant fungal species, including azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates. PepBiotics showed a strong inhibitory activity against a large variety of filamentous fungi and yeasts species at low concentrations (≤1 μM) and were fungicidal for at least a subset of these fungal species. Interestingly, the concentration of PepBiotics required to interfere with growth or metabolic activity varied between different fungal species or even between isolates of the same fungal species. This study shows that PepBiotics display strong potential for use as novel antifungal compounds to fight a large variety of clinically relevant fungal species.
Ultrarelativistic astrophysics using multimessenger observations of double neutron stars with LISA and the SKA
Authors: Thrane Eric , Osłowski Stefan , Lasky Paul D 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTRecent work highlights that tens of Galactic double neutron stars are likely to be detectable in the millihertz band of the space-based gravitational-wave observatory, LISA, some of which might be detectable as radio pulsars using the Square Kilometer Array (SKA). We point out that the joint LISA + SKA detection of a fgw ≳ 1 mHz binary, corresponding to a binary period of ≲400 s, would enable precision measurements of ultrarelativistic phenomena. We show that, given plausible assumptions, multimessenger observations of ultrarelativistic binaries can be used to constrain the neutron star equation of state with remarkable fidelity. It may be possible to measure the mass–radius relation with a precision of ≈0.2 per cent after 10 yr of observations with the SKA. Such a measurement would be roughly an order of magnitude more precise than possible with other proposed observations. We summarize some of the other remarkable science made possible with multimessenger observations of millihertz binaries, and discuss the prospects for the detection of such objects.
The atomic hydrogen content of the post-reionization Universe
Authors: Spinelli Marta , Zoldan Anna , De Lucia Gabriella , Xie Lizhi , Viel Matteo 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive analysis of atomic hydrogen (H i) properties using a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation and N-body simulations covering a large cosmological volume at high resolution. We examine the H i mass function and the H i density, characterizing both their redshift evolution and their dependence on hosting halo mass. We analyse the H i content of dark matter haloes in the local Universe and up to redshift z = 5, discussing the contribution of different galaxy properties. We find that different assembly history plays a crucial role in the scatter of this relation. We propose new fitting functions useful for constructing mock H i maps with halo occupation distribution techniques. We investigate the H i clustering properties relevant for future 21 cm intensity mapping (IM) experiments, including the H i bias and the shot-noise level. The H i bias increases with redshift and it is roughly flat on the largest scales probed. The scale dependence is found at progressively larger scales with increasing redshift, apart from a dip feature at z = 0. The shot-noise values are consistent with the ones inferred by independent studies, confirming that shot noise will not be a limiting factor for IM experiments. We detail the contribution from various galaxy properties on the H i power spectrum and their relation to the halo bias. We find that H i poor satellite galaxies play an important role at the scales of the one-halo term. Finally, we present the 21 cm signal in redshift space, a fundamental prediction to be tested against data from future radio telescopes such as Square Kilometre Array.