bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La construcción de sujetos en torno a la institucionalización de políticas públicas de género en Chile.
Authors: Orellana Paulina 
Published: February 2020

Este artículo analiza cómo se construyen sujetos por parte del Estado en torno a la institucionalización de políticas de género en un contexto neoliberal, sustentada en mi investigación de maestría “La paradoja entre los discursos de igualdad y las prácticas desiguales. La construcción de sujetos en torno al género en Chile: El caso del Servicio Nacional de la Mujer”. Se hace revisión a los condicionamientos estructurales del neoliberalismo y las relaciones entre Estado y política pública en el contexto de institucionalización de las demandas del movimiento feminista “Concertación Nacional de Mujeres por la Democracia”[1] en la creación del Servicio Nacional de la Mujer en 1991.
[1] A lo largo del texto se utilizará la sigla “CNMD”.
This article analyzes how is the State’s subject construction on gender policies institutionalization on a neoliberal context. It’s based on my master's thesis research called “The paradox between equality discourses and unequal practices. Subject’s construction around gender in Chile: The case of the National Women's Service”. It reviews neoliberalism structural conditionings, the relationship between State and public policy on the context of institutionalization of feminist movement “Women`s National Concentration for Democracy” demands on the creation of the National Women's Service on 1991.
Víctimas de Trata de seres humanos, madres de seres humanos: protegiendo derechos.
Authors: García Sedano Tania 
Published: February 2020

España es un país de tránsito y destino de víctimas de trata de seres humanos. El principal reto al que se enfrenta España, muy especialmente dada su condición de única frontera terrestre europea con el continente africano, es sin duda la importancia de identificación de las víctimas de trata.
Los menores de edad son especialmente vulnerables a la trata de seres humanos. Así la Organización de Naciones Unidas contra la droga y el delito ha señalado que una de cada tres víctimas del delito de trata son niños y, sobre todo, niñas. Menores que, por lo que a este artículo se refiere, son en ocasiones hijos de víctimas de trata extorsionadas por las redes de trata.
La ausencia de identificación, rápida y precisa, de las víctimas de trata menores de edad, hace que sus derechos sean puramente teóricos e ilusorios.
Ese contexto plantea numerosos desafíos en torno a la adecuación del sistema de protección a la infancia y de protección a las víctimas de trata. Pretender la protección a partir de la aplicación de normas generales: infancia y extranjería, no constituye, como se está constatando, una solución adecuada para la flagrante violación de derechos humanos a la que nos enfrentamos.
Association between HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes among African American Undergraduate Students in Jackson, Mississippi
Authors: Andrew Prince Onyekachi , Bhuiyan Azad R. , Sung Jung Hye , Mawson Anthony , Shahbazi Mohammad 
Published: February 2020

Objective: This study aimed to determine HIV/AIDS knowledge level, attitudes toward individuals living with HIV/AIDS and to explore the relationship between HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes among African American undergraduates in Jackson, Mississippi.
Methods: A cross-sectional method was used in this study. A total of 400 students were randomly selected from Jackson State University undergraduate students. Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire on HIV/AIDS knowledge and their attitudes toward individuals living with HIV and AIDS.
Results: Most of the students (96.5%) had good knowledge about HIV/AIDS, while some students had some misconceptions about HIV infection transmission. There was no significant difference between male and female students on HIV/AIDS knowledge in this study (χ2 = 3.05; P = 0.08). Most of the study participants (87.8%) showed positive attitudes toward individuals living with HIV/AIDS. However, there were some negative attitudes toward individuals living with HIV/AIDS among participants of this study. Male participants expressed more negative attitudes compared to female participants (19.1% vs. 8.5%, χ2 = 9.6; P < 0.002). HIV/AIDS knowledge was significantly associated with positive attitudes toward people living with the disease (p= 0.019, Pearson’s χ2 = 7.431).
Conclusions: In general, we concluded that most students (96.5%) in this study demonstrated high levels of HIV/AIDS knowledge and positive attitudes (87.8%). There was an association between knowledge of the disease and positive attitudes toward HIV/AIDS patients. However, there were HIV/AIDS knowledge gaps, misconceptions, and intolerant attitudes toward HIV positive patients also identified in this study. Hence, this study calls for more robust and age-appropriate HIV/AIDS awareness education programs geared towards reducing the impacts of negative attitudes toward individuals living with the disease, eliminating the gaps in HIV/AIDS knowledge and misconceptions identified in this study.
Solid‐State Lithium–Sulfur Battery Enabled by Thio‐LiSICON/Polymer Composite Electrolyte and Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Cathode
Authors: Li Meirong , Frerichs Joop Enno , Kolek Martin , Sun Wei , Zhou Dong , Huang Chen Jui , Hwang Bing Joe , Hansen Michael Ryan , Winter Martin , Bieker Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSolid‐state lithium–sulfur battery (SSLSB) is attractive due to its potential for providing high energy density. However, the cell chemistry of SSLSB still faces challenges such as sluggish electrochemical kinetics and prominent “chemomechanical” failure. Herein, a high‐performance SSLSB is demonstrated by using the thio‐LiSICON/polymer composite electrolyte in combination with sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (S/PAN) cathode. Thio‐LiSICON/polymer composite electrolyte, which processes high ionic conductivity and wettability, is fabricated to enhance the interfacial contact and the performance of lithium metal anodes. S/PAN is utilized due to its unique electrochemical characteristics: electrochemical and structural studies combined with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance characterizations reveal the charge/discharge mechanism of S/PAN, which is the radical‐mediated redox reaction within the sulfur grafted conjugated polymer framework. This characteristic of S/PAN can support alleviating the volume change in the cathode and maintaining fast redox kinetics. The assembled SSLSB full cell exhibits excellent rate performance with 1183 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and 719 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C, respectively, and can accomplish 50 cycles at 0.1 C with the capacity retention of 588 mAh g−1. The superior performance of the SSLSB cell rationalizes the construction concept and leads to considerations for the innovative design of SSLSB.
2D/2D 1T‐MoS2/Ti3C2 MXene Heterostructure with Excellent Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Han , Li Hui , Lin Shuai , Ding Wei , Zhu Xiaoguang , Sheng Zhigao , Wang Hai , Zhu Xuebin , Sun Yuping 
Published: February 2020

Abstract2D/2D heterostructures can combine the collective advantages of each 2D material and even show improved properties from synergistic effects. 2D Transition metal carbide Ti3C2 MXene and 2D 1T‐MoS2 have emerged as attractive prototypes in electrochemistry due to their rich properties. Construction of these two 2D materials, as well as investigation about synergistic effects, is absent due to the instability of 1T‐MoS2. Here, 3D interconnected networks of 1T‐MoS2/Ti3C2 MXene heterostructure are constructed by magneto‐hydrothermal synthesis, and the electrochemical storage mechanisms are investigated. Improved extra capacitance is observed due to enlarged ion storage space from a synergistically interplayed effect in 3D interconnected networks. Outstanding rate performance is realized because of ultrafast electron transport originating from Ti3C2 MXene. This work provides an archetype to realize excellent electrochemical properties in 2D/2D heterostructures.
Near‐Infrared Photodriven Self‐Sustained Oscillation of Liquid‐Crystalline Network Film with Predesignated Polydopamine Coating
Authors: Lan Ruochen , Sun Jian , Shen Chen , Huang Rui , Zhang Zhongping , Zhang Lanying , Wang Ling , Yang Huai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMovement is one of the vital features of living systems, and remote control of bioinspired soft robotic systems in a precise, contactless and harmless way is extremely desirable but challenging. A near‐infrared (NIR) photodriven polymeric oscillator is designed and fabricated by selectively coating a mussel‐inspired polydopamine (PDA) polymer layer on the surface of splay‐aligned liquid crystalline network (LCN) film. The oscillating motions of the LCN oscillators can be facilely manipulated by tuning light intensity and film thickness. More importantly, the programmability of the PDA coating enables the oscillating behaviors of LCN film to be predesignated and finely adjusted by coating the film with PDA locally and repeatedly. The self‐oscillating movement mechanism can be attributed to the temperature oscillation at the PDA‐coated LCN film since it is alternatively exposed and sheltered to the NIR‐light irradiations. Owing to over 50% NIR irradiation in solar spectrum, PDA‐coated film is found to oscillate upon exposure of focused sunlight, presenting great potential in fabrication of solar power generation devices. This provides a versatile strategy to fabricate NIR‐light‐actuated polymeric oscillators, providing inspirations in the development of biological soft robots and advanced biomimetic devices.
An Adhesive Surface Enables High‐Performance Mechanical Energy Harvesting with Unique Frequency‐Insensitive and Pressure‐Enhanced Output Characteristics
Authors: Gong Jianliang , Xu Bingang , Yang Yujue , Wu Mengjie , Yang Bao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractViscoelastic polymer adhesives (VPAs) are common materials broadly used in adhesive tapes for bonding objects tightly in daily life. This work presents a conceptually new strategy of using contact electrification (rather than strong adhesion) of VPAs to directly convert mechanical energy to electric energy, generally showing 202–419% of the electric energy generated by conventional mechanical energy harvesters under the same triggering conditions. More notably, the VPA‐based generators (VPAGs) possess unique frequency‐insensitive and pressure‐enhanced output characteristics. The output power of a VPAG not only does not show regular degradation of performance with the decrease of triggering frequency, but also can be further enhanced by simple introduction of a second VPA layer with a smaller area to increase the applied pressure without the requirement of rising applied force. The average output power density of a VPAG with a second layer of 0.5 cm × 0.5 cm can reach 216.7 µW cm−2, which is ≈150% larger than that of a VPAG without a second VPA layer. This research is of significance to harvesting the random, irregular, and low‐frequency (bio‐)mechanical energy that widely exists but is wasted in the environment for both stable electric energy generation and electronic device operation.
Helicity‐Dependent Multifunctional Metasurfaces for Full‐Space Wave Control
Authors: Zhang Chiben , Wang Guangming , Xu He‐Xiu , Zhang Xin , Li Hai‐Peng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFull‐space manipulation of electromagnetic waves with a thin flat plate is particularly intriguing for large‐angle scanning, functionality integration, and data capacity applications. However, majority of the designs to date are confined to linearly‐polarized wave operations; these render the versatile full‐space device operating under circularly‐polarized waves unaddressed due to the critical issue of the geometric phase being hardly decoupled among reflections and transmissions. Herein, a strategy for a helicity‐dependent multifunctional design by sandwiching dual‐layer geometric phase metasurfaces with a bandpass frequency selective surface is reported. The top and bottom metasurfaces are composed of two different types of meta‐structures, split ring resonators (SRRs) and a modified H‐shaped structure, which enable triple‐independent wavefronts at lower and upper frequencies (f1 and f2). At f1, the top and bottom SRRs operate under reflection mode on both sides, and two distinctive wavefronts can be modulated by individually rotating the orientations of SRRs. However, at f2, the modified H‐shaped structure operates in transmission geometry, and additional functionality can be independently modulated by changing their orientations. As a proof of concept, a multifunctional meta‐device is constructed with triple‐versatile functionalities. The approach followed in this study sets up a solid platform for arbitrary helicity‐dependent full‐space integrated devices.
Geometrically Tunable Beamed Light Emission from a Quantum‐Dot Ensemble Near a Gradient Metasurface
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Li Yuyu , Toufanian Reyhaneh , Kogos Leonard C. , Dennis Allison M. , Paiella Roberto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOptical metasurfaces have been widely investigated in recent years as a means to tailor the wavefronts of externally incident light for passive device applications. At the same time, their use in active optoelectronic devices such as light emitters is far less established. This work explores their ability to control the radiation properties of a nearby continuous ensemble of randomly oriented incoherent dipole sources via near‐field interactions. Specifically, a film of colloidal quantum dots is deposited on a plasmonic metasurface consisting of a 1D array of metallic nanoantennas on a metal film. The array is designed to introduce a linear phase profile upon reflection, and a bi‐periodic nanoparticle arrangement is introduced to ensure adequate sampling of the desired phase gradient. Highly directional radiation patterns are correspondingly obtained from the quantum dots at an enhanced emission rate. The underlying radiation mechanism involves the near‐field excitation of surface plasmon polaritons at the metal film, and their selective diffractive scattering by the metasurface into well‐collimated beams along predetermined geometrically tunable directions. These results underscore the distinctive ability of metasurfaces to control radiation properties directly at the source level, which is technologically significant for the continued miniaturization and large‐scale integration of optoelectronic devices.
Biocatalytic Asymmetric Reduction of γ‐Keto Esters to Access Optically Active γ‐Aryl‐γ‐butyrolactones
Authors: Borowiecki Paweł , Telatycka Natalia , Tataruch Mateusz , Żądło‐Dobrowolska Anna , Reiter Tamara , Schühle Karola , Heider Johann , Szaleniec Maciej , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn efficient stereoselective syntheses of a series of functionalized optically active γ‐aryl‐γ‐butyrolactones is achieved by enzymatic asymmetric reduction of the corresponding sterically demanding γ‐keto esters employing wild‐type and recombinant alcohol dehydrogenases. The best stereoselectivities for the reduction via hydrogen transfer was obtained with two short chain dehydrogenases (SDRs) of complementary stereospecificity from Aromatoleum aromaticum, namely the Prelog‐specific NADH‐dependent (S)‐1‐phenylethanol dehydrogenase [(S)‐PED] and the anti‐Prelog‐specific (R)‐1‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐ethanol dehydrogenase [(R)‐HPED], respectively.	Biotransformations catalyzed by both enzymes, followed by TFA‐catalyzed cyclization of the resulting γ‐hydroxy esters, furnished the respective (S)‐ and (R)‐configured products with exquisite optical purity (up to >99% ee). The synthetic value was demonstrated on preparative scale for the asymmetric bioreduction of the model compound, methyl 4‐oxo‐4‐phenylbutanoate, affording optically pure (S)‐γ‐phenyl‐γ‐butyrolactone (>99% ee) in 67–74% isolated yield at 89–95% conversion depending on the applied scale.magnified image
Nanotechnology Promotes Genetic and Functional Modifications of Therapeutic T Cells Against Cancer
Authors: Abdalla Ahmed M. E. , Xiao Lin , Miao Yu , Huang Lixia , Fadlallah Gendeal M. , Gauthier Mario , Ouyang Chenxi , Yang Guang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGrowing experience with engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cells has revealed some of the challenges associated with developing patient‐specific therapy. The promising clinical results obtained with CAR‐T therapy nevertheless demonstrate the urgency of advancements to promote and expand its uses. There is indeed a need to devise novel methods to generate potent CARs, and to confer them and track their anti‐tumor efficacy in CAR‐T therapy. A potentially effective approach to improve the efficacy of CAR‐T cell therapy would be to exploit the benefits of nanotechnology. This report highlights the current limitations of CAR‐T immunotherapy and pinpoints potential opportunities and tremendous advantages of using nanotechnology to 1) introduce CAR transgene cassettes into primary T cells, 2) stimulate T cell expansion and persistence, 3) improve T cell trafficking, 4) stimulate the intrinsic T cell activity, 5) reprogram the immunosuppressive cellular and vascular microenvironments, and 6) monitor the therapeutic efficacy of CAR‐T cell therapy. Therefore, genetic and functional modifications promoted by nanotechnology enable the generation of robust CAR‐T cell therapy and offer precision treatments against cancer.
Local adaptation mediates floral responses to water limitation in an annual wildflower
Authors: Suni Sevan S. , Ainsworth Benjamin , Hopkins Robin 
Published: February 2020

PremiseUnderstanding how environmental stress affects the strength of mutualisms is critically important given observed and projected environmental changes. In particular, the frequency and duration of drought have been increasing worldwide. We investigated how water availability affects plant traits that mediate a pollination mutualism.MethodsFor butterfly‐pollinated Phlox drummondii, we determined how moisture availability affects flower size, nectar volume, and nectar sugar amount. Furthermore, we explored the role that local adaptation may play in responses to moisture availability by including plants collected from regions that differ in aridity. Finally, we determined whether responses of plant populations to selection may differ under drought by calculating heritability of traits under control and dry conditions.ResultsFlower size was generally smaller in dry plants than in control plants. Early in the treatment period, nectar volume and sugar were higher in dry plants than in control plants for plants from both arid and wetter regions. With prolonged dry treatment, nectar volume and sugar remained higher only in plants from the arid region. Heritability of floral traits was lower for water‐limited plants than for control plants.ConclusionsPlant investment into pollination mutualisms under environmental stress may depend on the extent to which populations are already locally adapted to such conditions, suggesting that mutualism may remain strong, at least in arid regions. However, decreases in heritability under water‐limitation suggest that responses to selection imposed by pollinators may be low, even if drought‐adapted plants maintain production of rewards to pollinators.
Genetic variants in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Muhamed Babu , Shaboodien Gasnat , Engel Mark E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGenetic association studies in rheumatic heart disease (RHD) have the potential to contribute toward our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanism, and may shed light on controversies about RHD etiology. Furthermore, genetic association studies may uncover biomarkers that can be used to identify susceptible individuals, and contribute toward developing vaccine and novel therapeutic targets. Genetic predisposition to rheumatic fever and RHD has been hypothesized by findings from familial studies and observed associations between genes located in the human leukocyte antigens on chromosome 6p21.3 and elsewhere in the genome. We sought to summarize, from published Genetic association studies in RHD, evidence on genetic variants implicated in RHD susceptibility. Using HuGENet™ systematic review methods, we evaluated 66 studies reporting on 42 genes. Existing meta‐analyses of candidate gene studies suggest that TGF‐β1 [rs1800469], and IL‐1β [rs2853550] single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to susceptibility to RHD, whereas the TNF‐α [rs1800629 and rs361525], TGF‐β1 [rs1800470 and rs4803457], IL‐6 [rs1800795], IL‐10 [rs1800896] were not associated with RHD. However, candidate gene studies in RF/RHD are relatively small, thus lacking statistical power to identify reliable and reproducible findings, emphasizing the need for large‐scale multicenter studies with different populations.
Organic Donor‐Acceptor Cocrystals for Multiferroic Applications
Authors: Wang Zongrui , Zhang Qichun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe cocrystallization strategy has provided an efficient route to fulfill room temperature magnetoelectricity in single phase owing to the long‐range ordered π‐π stacking (donor‐acceptor assembled) network, long‐lived excitons (with μs lifetime), spin orders (±1/2 s pin) and charge transfer (CT) dipoles in the assembled crystal lattice. Together with the superiorities in cost‐effectiveness, easy tailoring, light weight, mechanical flexibility and large‐scale integration of organic materials, research direction on organic CT multiferroics has become a rising star. In this minireview, we present the recent progress in the fundamental understanding and designing of multiferroics and highlight the advance of organic CT compounds in exploring the magnetoelectronic (ME) coupling effect ranging from experimental to theoretical investigations. Moreover, the challenges existing in this area are also put forward as well as some perspectives for the future development.
Frontiers in Radical Fluoromethylation by Visible‐Light Organic Photocatalysis
Authors: Koike Takashi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFluoromethyl groups, including tri‐, di‐, and mono‐fluoromethyl (CF3, CF2H, and CH2F, respectively) groups, are important structural motifs in medicinal chemistry. Radical fluoromethylation has attracted significant interest for the late‐stage functionalization of complex bioactive molecules. Recently, light energy has been used for radical reactions in synthesis of various valuable products. Strategies using organic photocatalysts (OPCs) are beneficial for synthetic radical chemistry and various aspects of “sustainable development goals (SDGs)”. Particularly, over the past several years, considerable progress has been made in the field of photoinduced radical fluoromethylation by OPCs. In this minireview, the concepts of representative reaction systems for fluoromethyl radical generation will be discussed.
Genomic Encryption of Digital Data Stored in Synthetic DNA
Authors: Grass Robert N. , Heckel Reinhard , Dessimoz Christophe , Stark Wendelin J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractToday, we can read human genomes and store digital data robustly in synthetic DNA. Herein, we report a strategy to intertwine these two technologies to enable the secure storage of valuable information in synthetic DNA, protected with personalized keys. We show that genetic short tandem repeats (STRs) contain sufficient entropy to generate strong encryption keys, and that only one technology, DNA sequencing, is required to simultaneously read the key and the data. Using this approach, we experimentally generated 80 bit strong keys from human DNA, and used such a key to encrypt 17 kB of digital information stored in synthetic DNA. Finally, the decrypted information was recovered perfectly from a single massively parallel sequencing run.