bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN THE TIME OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Gayatri Maria 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: The study examined the implementation of early childhood education during the pandemic of COVID-19.
Methodology: A systematic review identified the implementation in early childhood education settings. Electronic databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and manual search on Google Scholar were explored with specific keywords from the inception of the pandemic COVID-19 to November 30, 2020.
Main Findings: Early childhood education has been influenced due to school closure. Most of the children experience online learning, to reduce the spread of the outbreak, especially when face-to-face learning cannot be conducted. Parents and teachers have significant roles in supporting the children to improve their cognitive and social development. However, the implementation of home learning causes some difficulties in relation to the self-regulation of very young children, the readiness to utilize digital technology and learning materials, parent’s beliefs and attitudes on online learning compared with traditional learning, and requirements of demanding time and knowledge to accompany the children. Therefore, it is important to have good communication between parents and teachers to support early childhood online learning during the outbreak.
Applications of this study: This article will provide evidence from some countries about the matter of early childhood education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study will be useful for improving the quality of early childhood education.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the early childhood education has changed from the traditional system to online education system to reduce the spread of the diseases. This article will show the various implementations of learning system during the outbreak and the lesson learned.
ВЛАСТЬ-СПЕЦЭФФЕКТ: ГЕНЕЗИС И ПОЛИТИКО-ИДЕОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ МИССИЯ ВИЗУАЛЬНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ТРАДИЦИИ АМЕРИКАНСКОГО ФИЛЬМА УЖАСОВ
Authors: Маленко Сергей Анатольевич , Некита Андрей Григорьевич 
Published: January 2021

Актуальность. Установление зависимости номенклатуры и характера художественных и технических приемов, применяемых в кинематографе, от социокультурного и политико-идеологического контекста представляет значимую научную проблему и позволяет сформировать новое, междисциплинарное предметное поле в современных культурологических исследованиях. Цель: проанализировать направленность эволюции визуальной и политической сущности кинематографических спецэффектов в контексте историко-культурных трансформаций западного общества в конце XIX – начале XXI вв., а также особенности их использования в традиции американских фильмов ужасов. Методы. В статье использован ряд методов, позволяющих осуществить компаративистский, семиотический и психоаналитический анализ сущности и художественной практики использования спецэффектов в голливудском кинематографе. Результаты. Формирование художественной практики американских фильмов ужасов напрямую связано с использованием технических приемов, позволяющих удерживать постоянный зрительский интерес к этой кинопродукции. Спецэффекты в различных киножанрах становятся результатом переосмысления опыта циркового, театрального и фотоискусства в процессе конструирования танатологической гиперреальности, вытесняющей образы предметного мира и замещающей их динамичными иллюзиями. Резкая эскалация применения этих технических приемов свидетельствует о появлении новых инструментальных возможностей создания и продвижения вторичной реальности. Непрерывно усугубляющийся разрыв между наличным и кинематографическим миром демонстрирует рост отчуждения публики от традиционных форм социальной практики, что обуславливает скачок симулятивных экспериментов в фильмах ужасов и всевозрастающий интерес власти к визуальным способам привлечения, удержания и бессознательного управления вниманием и поведением массового зрителя. Выводы. Спектр кинематографических спецэффектов создает визуальную технологию управления страхом, формирует особый хоррор-габитус, что представляет собой коммерчески прибыльную и наиболее востребованную политико-идеологическую задачу голливудского фильма ужасов.
DINAMIKA GERAKAN SOSIAL DALAM MENENTANG PEMBUANGAN LIMBAH PABRIK KULIT
Authors: Dharmawan Awan Setia 
Published: January 2021

Abstrak
Dinamika Gerakan Tersebut terjadi saat dilingkungan sekitar tempat tinggal masyarakat mengalami pencemaran limbah oleh perusahaan. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yang adalah bagaimana dinamika gerakan masyarakatnya?. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Untuk mendeskripsikan dinamika gerakan sosial dan faktor yang menyebabkan dinamika gerakan itu terjadi.Dalam penelitian ini, penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif., penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kota Malang, yaitu di Kelurahan Sukun, Kecamatan Ciptomulyo penentuan subyek penelitian menggunkan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori Gerakan Sosial Macionis.Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa, dinamika gerakan lingkungan tersebut terjadi dalam 2 tahap yang pertama pada tahun 2001 dan kedua pada tahun 2014, yang bagaimana penyebab dinamika gerakan sosial itu sendiri terjadi pada gerakan pertama dinamika dipengaruhi oleh bagaimana pemimpin gerakan tersebut menerima suap, ada anggota yang direkrut menjadi karyawan perusahaan itu sendiri, beberapa warga RW 2 diangkat juga menjadi pekerja di dalam perusahaan itu sendiri dan pada tahun 2014 itu sendiri dinamika gerakan dipengaruhi oleh adanya tekanan dari pihak dalam gerakan dan bagaimana gerakan tersebut digerogoti dan dipengaruhi
Siaran Layanan Publik Radio Mayangkara FM Kota Blitar
Authors: Kusumawijayanti Anita Reta , Harliantara Harliantara , Panuju Redi 
Published: January 2021

Program siaran interaktif mendorong keterbukaan komunikasi, sekaligus muncul harapan bagi masyarakat bisa berkomunikasi dengan perorangan dan lembaga yang bertanggungjawab terhadap pelayanan publik, terutama dalam suasana demokratisasi yang sedang berproses. Hal tersebut seperti disampaikan Jurgen Habermas dalam Teori Public Sphere bahwa ruang publik memberikan peran yang penting dalam proses demokrasi di setiap negara. Jenis penelitian yan digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Program siaran interaktif Lang Lang Kota merupakan ruang publik dengan tetap mengedepankan netralitas dalam siarannya. Peran serta, kepedulian masyarakat terhadap layanan publik dan timbal balik yang diberikan instansi atau lembaga penyedia layanan publik menjadi kekuatan utama dalam siaran interaktif Lang Lang Kota. Sesuai dengan slogannya kritis solutif , Lang Lang Kota menanggapi berbagai informasi dan kasus yang disampaikan dengan kritis dan mengupayakan adanya solusi.
PENYALAHGUNAAN NAPZA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Utomo Lukman Prasetyo 
Published: January 2021

Drug Abuse in the world consistently increases where almost 12% (15.5 million people up to 36.6 million people) of users are heavy addicts. According to the World Drug Report of 2012, the productions of drugs increased, one of which was opium production. It increased from 4,700 tons in 2010 to 7,000 tons in 2011. Drug abuse in Indonesia also increased from year to year proven according to BNN survey results with UI and other universities that in 2005 the prevalence percentage was 1.7% in Indonesia, in 2008 prevalence percentage was 1.99%, in 2012 prevalence percentage was 2.2%. Furthermore, the number of drug use according to Head of BNN actually increased significantly in the period of June to November 2015 that is 1.7 million people. In June 2015 the number of users was 4.2 million and in November 2015 the number of users was 5.9 million. Today the problem of drug abuse already becomes a national disaster. Drug abuse has been the concern of all people for several reasons; first, the use of drugs by various societies has been in critical condition. Second, the impacts are not only generated to the users but also damage the people’s lives and nation’s life. Thirdly, Indonesia is not only a consumer country but a producer country as well, so the Indonesian government firmly declares that Indonesia is Drug emergency or declares war on Drugs. The impact of drug abuse is very complex starting from victims, families, peer victims, until the community. So the view of Islam associated with the abuse of these drugs is that drugs are goods which damage the mind, memory, heart, soul, mental and physical health such as khomar. Therefore, drugs are also included in the category which is forbidden by Allah SWT and the scholars agree that drugs are illicit when people are not in an emergency situation. As a helping profession, social work has a fundamental mission to solve social problem whether it is a problem experienced by individuals, families, groups, or communities. In its development, social workers reflect relief efforts to vulnerable groups. Drug addicts are one part of Indonesian societies who has equal position, rights, obligations and roles with other Indonesian societies in all aspects of life and the life which in essence still has potential that can be developed through a special program, namely the social welfare effort program for the addicts of Drugs with social rehabilitation. Here social workers play a role in helping / assisting the recovery of victims in realizing their social function.
REKRUTMEN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PNS DALAM PERSPEKTIF GOOD GOVERNANCE DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH
Authors: Agus Agus 
Published: January 2021

The purposes of this research are to describe; the condition of civil servants (PNS), the implementation of recruitment and development of civil servants, also problems and policy solutions for good governance practices in the recruitment and development of civil servants in Central Lombok. The result of research, there is surplus (excess) of the number of civil servants who have to occupy the position on Echelon III, those are 4,241 people and echelon II are 73 people. The implication is unhealthy competition to obtain structural positions, which then disturbs the health of bureaucratic organizations. Recruitment of civil servants is guided by Government Regulation (PP) No. 98 of 2000 which constructs six stages of work; planning, announcement, application, screening, appointment of CPNS up to appointment to be civil servant. The position of Regent as the officer of the regional staffing authority gives him authority in the appointment of echelon IV to Echelon II without any sides’ consideration. As the result, practices of civil servant development policy create three conditions; the growth of spoils system practices, the improper use of the work of Baperjakat, and ultimately the practices disturb the independence of Baperjakat work. Good governance practice in civil servant recruitment has practiced aspects of efficiency, transparency and equity, but it has not been seen in the development aspect. Based on the above conditions, this research offers policy solutions to local governments.
CODE CHOICE USED IN YOUTUBE CONTENT “NEBENG BOY”
Authors: Angelia Caecilia Ivana 
Published: January 2021

<p>Nebeng Boy is one of the most popular YouTube content created by Indonesian YouTuber and an ex-Video Jockey from MTV, Boy William. This research aims to find out the code choices chosen by the participants of YouTube content “Nebeng Boy” and the reasons why the participants choose the different codes.</p><p>This research was a case study of sociolinguistics which employed a descriptive qualitative method. In collecting the data, the researcher has done a few techniques; taking notes from observing the conversation, transcribing the dialogues between participants, and classifying the data. The researcher used total sampling technique and took the whole part of dialogue from six videos of “Nebeng Boy”.</p><p>The results show that the code choices employed by the participants of Nebeng Boy are informal variety from Bahasa Indonesia and English. Each participant has different way in using the codes and also has different reason. The Host of the program uses informal codes to show solidarity, express emotions, show intimacy, changing topics, and including another person to the conversation. Meanwhile, the factors that the guests use the code choices are the background of the person, the profession, function of the conversation, topics, the situation of conversation, and to include another person.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
A PSYCHOANALYTICAL STUDY OF PAUL MOREL’S SEXUAL DESIRE IN D.H LAWRENCE’S SONS AND LOVERS
Authors: BAITUROHMAH EVI 
Published: January 2021

<p class="15"><strong>This research examines the</strong><strong> </strong><strong>sexual desire</strong><strong> of Paul Morel, a male main character in the D.H Lawrence’s novel Sons and Lovers. </strong><strong>It</strong><strong> is a descriptive qualitative library</strong><strong> research</strong><strong> </strong><strong>with the</strong><strong> main data are the narrative and dialogue</strong><strong>s taken from the respective</strong><strong> novel</strong><strong>.</strong><strong></strong></p><p class="15"><strong>Th</strong><strong>e</strong><strong> </strong><strong>study</strong><strong> aims to describe how Paul Morel’s </strong><strong>sexual desire</strong><strong> in the novel Sons and Lovers is constructed. It uses Freudian psychoanalysis approach to reveal the pattern of intimate relationships between Paul Morel and three most- significant women in his life: Gertrude Morel, Miriam Leviers, and Clara Dawes.</strong><strong> </strong><strong></strong></p><p class="15"><strong>The result of the study shows that Paul </strong><strong>sexual desire</strong><strong> is constructed by his relationship with three women characters that posit different effect</strong><strong>s</strong><strong> to him</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> Paul experiences Oedipus complex when he is a child. </strong><strong>T</strong><strong>he mother acts as the restraining force that restricts Paul from fulfilling his sexual desire with other women. Paul and Miriam</strong><strong>’s</strong><strong> relationship is the manifestation of the id versus the superego. There’s an endless battle between Paul’s raw desire and Miriam’s religiosity. Meanwhile Paul and Clara</strong><strong>’s</strong><strong> relationship is the realization of the id. The intimacy between them is solely based on pleasure principle and satisfaction pursuit. </strong><strong></strong></p><p align="justify"><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong><strong>id,</strong><strong> </strong><strong>ego</strong><strong>, </strong><strong>psychoanalysis, </strong><strong>sexual desire</strong><strong>, superego</strong></p>
Improving Students’ Performance by Using Science Process Skills in The High School’s Physics Curriculum Grade X in Indonesia
Authors: Diana Nasri , Khaldun Ibnu , Nur Syahrun 
Published: January 2021

Teaching physic in high schools is very challenging, especially where the teachers understanding of the concept and teaching methods is still limited. It needs an effort to make the teaching more exciting experience for students. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the application of Science Process Skills (SPS) as the scientific skills that can be used to develop and increase science process skills and understanding of physics subject through laboratory activity. This study utilizes experimental design by involving students grade X from Senior High School (SMA) 1 Banda Aceh academic year 2018/2019 as a sample. It follows the competency standard of 2013 Indonesian Curriculum. This study found that there is a positive correlation between the content of the physics syllabus and the science process skills. This condition has contributed positively to the learning achievements of students. The result of pre-and post-test shows the result of post-test has improved after applying this approach. Hence it is recommended that science Process Skills can be promoted as a tool to improve the ability of students in understanding the science concept within the physic, as well as other science subjects.
Advertisement call of a population of the nurse frog Leucostethus fraterdanieli (Anura: Dendrobatidae), with notes on its natural history
Authors: Rojas-Morales Julián Andrés , La Marca Enrique , Ramírez-Chaves Héctor 
Published: January 2021

We describe the advertisement call of seven males and observations on the natural history related to the parental attention by males, of a population of nurse frogs attributed to the Leucostethus fraterdanieli complex from the Central Cordillera in the Department of Caldas, Colombia. The advertisement call consists of a long sequence of repeated (x̅ = 143 notes.min-1) pulsed notes, which have an average duration of 79 ± 17 ms (range 63-122 ms), separated by time intervals between 187-413 ms (289 ± 67 ms). The dominant frequency values are in the range between 3209-3520 Hz. Our results suggest differences in temporal and spectral parameters between the population studied and other populations assigned to L. fraterdanieli, L. brachistriatus, and the recently described L. jota.
Assessment of Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis Diagnosis, Management and Outcomes in Patients with Solid Tumors over a Decade of Experience
Authors: Rinehardt Hannah , Kassem Mahmoud , Evan Morgan , Palettas Marilly , Stephens Julie A. , Suresh Anupama , Ganju Akansha , Lustberg Maryam , Wesolowski Robert , Sardesai Sagar , Stover Daniel , Vandeusen Jeffrey , Cherian Mathew , Eibl Maria del Pilar Guillermo Prieto , Miah Abdul , Alnahhas Iyad , Giglio Pierre , Puduvalli Vinay K. , Ramaswamy Bhuvaneswari , Williams Nicole , Noonan Anne 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
PurposeLeptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC), a common complication of advanced malignancies, is associated with high morbidity and mortality, yet diagnosis and treatment decisions remain challenging. This study describes the diagnostic and treatment modalities for LMC and identifies factors associated with overall survival (OS). MethodsWe performed a single-institution retrospective study of 153 patients diagnosed with LMC treated at The Ohio State University between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015. ResultsMedian age at diagnosis was 55.7 years, and 61% had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group baseline performance status ≤1. Most common primary tumors were breast (43%), lung (26%), and cutaneous melanoma (10%). At presentation, most patients were stage III-IV (71%) with higher grade tumors (grade III: 46%). Metastases to bone (36%), brain (33%), and lung (12%) were the most common sites with a median of 0.5 years (range, 0-14.9 years) between the diagnosis of first metastasis and of LMC. 153 (100%) patients had MRI evidence of LMC. Of the 67 (44%) who underwent lumbar puncture (LP), 33 (22%) had positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology. Most patients received radiotherapy for LMC (60%) and chemotherapy (93%) for either the primary disease or LMC. 28 patients received intrathecal chemotherapy, 22 of whom had a primary diagnosis of breast cancer. 98% died with median OS of all patients was 1.9 months (95% CI: 1.3-2.5 months). ConclusionDespite improved treatments and targeted therapies, outcomes of LMC remain extremely poor. Positive CSF cytology was associated with lower OS in patients who had cytology assessed and specifically in patients with breast cancer. CSF cytology serves as an important indicator for prognosis and helps aid in developing individualized therapeutic strategies for patients with LMC.
QTL Across Fruit Development in Red Raspberry, A Study of A Primocane X Biennial Raspberry Population.
Authors: Graham Julie , Smith Kay , MacKenzie Katrin , Milne Linda , Jennings Nikki , Hackett Christine Anne 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

The changing climate is altering timing of key fruit ripening processes and increasing the occurrence of fruit defects. This work aimed to expand our knowledge of the genetic control of the ripening process in raspberry by examining a biennial x primocane F1 population to determine if the progeny exhibited both primocane and biennial flowering modes, which if any was dominant, and to identify QTL and genome locations associated with fruit development to understand how developmental control in this population differs from a biennial x biennial F1 population previously studied.
Results

The progeny from this biennial x primocane population exhibited primocane fruiting completing their lifecycle in a single season and also fruiting on second-year wood not removed in season one. QTL associated with rate of fruit development were identified on both primocane and fruiting canes with both parents impacting.
Conclusions

Novel QTL associated with the developmental process of primocane fruiting were identified. These in the main, differed from developmental QTL for similar developmental stages on fruiting canes (second year canes) with only one significant overlap on linkage group 6. In general, the process of development on fruiting canes overall differed from that in a biennial x biennial population, with the differences being greatest on linkage groups 3 and 6 suggesting control of development differs in the different fruiting types. Further understanding will be achieved by examining genome regions linked to QTL to allow breeding to meet climate requirements for yield stability.
Redundant binary codes in genetic algorithms: multi-objective design optimization of water distribution networks
Authors: Tanyimboh Tiku T. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Genetic algorithms have been shown to be highly effective for optimization problems in various disciplines, and binary coding is generally adopted as it is straightforward to implement and lends itself to problems with discrete-valued decision variables. However, a difficulty associated with binary coding is the existence of redundant codes that do not correspond to any element in the finite discrete set that the encoded parameter belongs to. A common technique used to address redundant binary codes is to discard the chromosomes in which they occur. Effective alternatives to the outright removal of redundant codes are lacking in the literature. This article presents illustrative examples based on the problem of optimizing the design of water distribution networks. Two benchmark networks in the literature and two different multi-objective design optimization models were considered. Different fixed mapping schemes gave significantly different solutions in the search space. The main inference from the results is that mapping schemes that improved diversity in the population of solutions achieved better results, which may pave the way for the development of practical and effective mapping schemes.
Effect of influent ammonia nitrogen concentration on microbial community in MBBR reactor
Authors: Yuan Huizhou , Li Yong , Wang Kun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the nitrogen removal efficiency of the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) under different ammonia nitrogen concentrations (states P1–P5), especially the composition of various forms of nitrogen, related genes and microbial community structure and succession law in the effluent of the reactor. The results show that the average efficiency of MBBR effluent denitrification is 63.63%. The concentration dynamics of NO3−-N and NO2−-N in the effluent indicated a relatively short-range nitrification and denitrification reaction in the MBBR. The results of 16SrDNA sequencing of P1–P5 microbial samples found that changes in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the influent produced significant changes in the composition of the microbial community in the MBBR. The genera Ottowia and Flavobacterium played an important role in the nitrogen removal of the MBBR system.