bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is a verb?
Authors: Smolka Eva , Ravid Dorit 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Verbs constitute one of the basic building blocks of a clause, setting the structure of arguments and expressing
the relationships among nouns in various thematic roles. In general terms, verbs are lexical items expressing verb-oriented
notions such as activities, processes, and states. In morphology-rich languages, the syntactic and lexical roles of verbs are
mediated by typologically-oriented morphological means. The current Special Issue contrasts the structure and functions of verbs
in languages from two morphologically rich, yet typologically different families. The articles in the Special Issue present spoken
and written aspects of verbs in usage and development in German (a Germanic language) on the one hand, in Hebrew, Neo-Aramaic, and
Arabic (Semitic languages), on the other. From a theoretical linguistic perspective, we ask how the different typological features
of these languages affect the function of verbs in sentences, and from a psycholinguistic perspective, we ask how typological
differences affect the processing of verbs in the mature minds of adults and in the developing minds of children.
Personal indices in the verbal system of the Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho
Authors: Gutman Ariel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Zakho is a highly endangered dialect of North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic which was
spoken by the Jews of Zakho (northern-Iraq) up to the 1950s, when virtually all of them left Iraq for Israel. Thanks to
documentation efforts which started in the ’40s at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, as well as the interest of native speakers,
we possess a rich textual documentation of this dialect today (Cohen, 2012; Y. Sabar, 2002; Avinery, 1988). These
resources, together with recently conducted fieldwork, are used in order to analyze the linguistic status of the verbal personal
indices in this dialect, following the concepts presented by Bresnan & Mchombo
(1987) as well as Corbett (2003). For each person marker, its status as a
pronominal affix or as an agreement marker is established. The synchronic situation is compared with the known historic situation
in older strata of Aramaic, such as Classical Syriac. The resulting analysis shows that the same apparent person marker may behave
differently in different syntactic environments. Another conclusion is that there is no clear-cut dichotomy between pronominal
affixes and agreement markers, as transitional cases exist.
Verbal patterns in Palestinian Arabic
Authors: Laks Lior , Hamad Ibrahim , Saiegh-Haddad Elinor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe study examines the distribution of verbal patterns and their semantic-syntactic functions as they are used in spoken narrative text production by adult native speakers of Palestinian Arabic. 30 native Palestinian Arabic adult speakers from Kufur Qareʕ, a village in Central Israel, were shown a clip demonstrating conflicts and were asked to produce an oral narrative text based on it. The verbs used in these narratives were examined according to root, pattern, transitivity and semantic class. The results revealed strong tendencies with regard to the distribution of the patterns that were used.CaCaCwas the most productive pattern by type and token counts. This stands in contradiction to the results for verb innovation, where theCaCCaCandtCaCCaCpatterns are selected almost exclusively, and it highlights the gap between productivity based on new formations and productivty based on basic forms in use. In addition, some verbal patterns were extermely rarely used. The results also show that there was no transparent form-function relation with respect to the semantic functions of verbal patterns. Most semantic functions were delivered in a small number of patterns (between 1–3) and the majority of them were in were found in one pattern,CaCaC. The results shed light on the actual usage of Arabic verbal patterns in text production and their semantic and syntactic features.
What do children know about German verb prefixes?
Authors: Mattes Veronika 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Not much is known about how children cope with the task of acquiring the complex, polyfunctional, and often
abstract and idiosyncratic system of German verbal prefixes. This paper presents an experimental study on children’s knowledge,
i.e. their morphological and semantic awareness, of the five verbal prefixes be‑, ent‑, er‑, ver‑, and
zer‑ in preschool age and early school age. The experiment combines a decision and a definition task
involving canonical and novel prefix verbs, and it examines the influence of context on the recognition of the verbs.
The results of the study show that, in general, the knowledge of prefix verbs increases significantly between 6
and 8 years. Preschoolers have preliminary, but still very labile representations of the five verbal prefixes, school children
have established much more independent representations, however, the lexical knowledge they have about prefixes and prefixed verbs
is still fragmentary. The five prefixes under investigation differ considerably with respect to their morpho-semantic
transparency. Higher transparency results in good passive knowledge of the prefixes, even when they are rarely
used by the children spontaneously, such as the infrequent, but semantically salient prefix ent-
(ent-kommen ‘escape’), that is much better known to children than spontaneous speech data would
suggest.
Aufhören (‘stop’) activates hören (‘hear’) but not Musik
(‘music’)
Authors: Smolka Eva 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study examines whether the lexical processing of German particle verbs differs from their processing in a
semantic network. To this end, we explored whether the processing of particle verbs induces access to the stem (Experiment 1) and
to a semantic associate of the stem (Experiment 2). In two cross-modal priming experiments, participants listened to particle
verbs that were (a) semantically transparent (e.g. anhören, ‘listen to’), (b) semantically opaque (e.g.
aufhören, ‘stop’), or (c) form-related (e.g. aushöhlen, ‘mold’) with respect to their stem
(e.g., hören, ‘hear’). Participants made lexical decisions about visually presented stems (e.g.,
hören, ‘hear’) and about semantic associates to the stem (e.g., Musik, ‘music’) in
Experiments 1 and 2, respectively.
Relative to form controls, semantically transparent and opaque particle verbs induced equivalent stem priming
(Experiment 1), indicating that the lexical processing of particle verbs occurs via the stem regardless of semantic transparency.
However, neither semantically transparent nor opaque particle verbs primed semantic associates of the stem (Experiment 2). These
findings indicate that stem access during lexical processing does not extend to a semantic level where the meaning of the stem is
processed. We discuss these findings regarding present models of lexical processing.
The Development of Textbook Based on Constructivism in the Basic Mathematical Concept Course
Authors: Mataheru Wilmintjie , Huwaa Novalin C , Matitaputty Christi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to know the validity of textbook in Basic Concepts of Mathematics course using constructivism approach. Subjects of this study were the Students Education Study Program of Primary School Teacher Education Pattimura University in the Academic Year 2019/2020. Type of the research was the develop using 4D development research design which includes four phases such as defining, design development, disseminate. The result show that the validity of textbook in basic concept of mathematics course on constructivism was very valid. By using the textbook, students become actively participate, independently learners, and active to develop their own knowledge.
Balancing security, resilience, and sustainability of urban water supply systems in a desirable operating space
Authors: Krueger Elisabeth H , Borchardt Dietrich , Jawitz James W , Rao P Suresh C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The security, resilience, and sustainability of urban water supply systems (UWSS) are challenged by global change pressures, including climate and land use changes, rapid urbanization, and population growth. Building on prior work on UWSS security and resilience, we quantify the sustainability of UWSS based on the performance of local sustainable governance and the size of global water and ecological footprints. We develop a new framework that integrates security, resilience, and sustainability to investigate trade-offs between these three distinct and inter-related dimensions. Security refers to the level of services, resilience is the system’s ability to respond to and recover from shocks, and sustainability refers to local and global impacts, and to the long-term viability of system services. Security and resilience are both relevant at local scale (city and surroundings), while for sustainability cross-scale and -sectoral feedbacks are important. We apply the new framework to seven cities selected from diverse hydro-climatic and socio-economic settings on four continents. We find that UWSS security, resilience, and local sustainability coevolve, while global sustainability correlates negatively with security. Approaching these interdependent goals requires governance strategies that balance the three dimensions within desirable and viable operating spaces. Cities outside these boundaries risk system failure in the short-term, due to lack of security and resilience, or face long-term consequences of unsustainable governance strategies. We discuss these risks in the context of poverty and rigidity traps. Our findings have strong implications for policy-making, strategic management, and for designing systems to operate sustainably at local and global scales.
Greenhouse gas implications of mobilizing agricultural biomass for energy: a reassessment of global potentials in 2050 under different food-system pathways
Authors: Kalt Gerald , Lauk Christian , Mayer Andreas , Theurl Michaela C , Kaltenegger Katrin , Winiwarter Wilfried , Erb Karl-Heinz , Matej Sarah , Haberl Helmut 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Global bioenergy potentials have been the subject of extensive research and continued controversy. Due to vast uncertainties regarding future yields, diets and other influencing parameters, estimates of future agricultural biomass potentials vary widely. Most scenarios compatible with ambitious climate targets foresee a large expansion of bioenergy, mainly from energy crops that needs to be kept consistent with projections of agriculture and food production. Using the global biomass balance model BioBaM, we here present an assessment of agricultural bioenergy potentials compatible with the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (2018) ‘Alternative pathways to 2050’ projections. Mobilizing biomass at larger scales may be associated with systemic feedbacks causing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, e.g. crop residue removal resulting in loss of soil carbon stocks and increased emissions from fertilization. To assess these effects, we derive ‘GHG cost supply-curves’, i.e. integrated representations of biomass potentials and their systemic GHG costs. Livestock manure is most favourable in terms of GHG costs, as anaerobic digestion yields reductions of GHG emissions from manure management. Global potentials from intensive livestock systems are about 5 EJ/yr. Crop residues can provide up to 20 EJ/yr at moderate GHG costs. For energy crops, we find that the medium range of literature estimates (∼40 to 90 EJ/yr) is only compatible with FAO yield and human diet projections if energy plantations expand into grazing areas (∼4–5 million km2) and grazing land is intensified globally. Direct carbon stock changes associated with perennial energy crops are beneficial for climate mitigation, yet there are—sometimes considerable—‘opportunity GHG costs’ if one accounts the foregone opportunity of afforestation. Our results indicate that the large potentials of energy crops foreseen in many energy scenarios are not freely and unconditionally available. Disregarding systemic effects in agriculture can result in misjudgement of GHG saving potentials and flawed climate mitigation strategies.
Modeling the carbon footprint of fresh produce: effects of transportation, localness, and seasonality on US orange markets
Authors: Bell Eric M , Horvath Arpad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Agriculture is one of the most impactful ways that we interact with the environment. Food demand is expected to increase 70% by 2050 as a result of population growth and the emergence of the global middle class. Meeting the expected demand in a sustainable manner will require an integrated systems-level approach to food production and supply. We present a conceptual framework for estimating the cradle-to-market life-cycle seasonal greenhouse gas emissions impact of fresh produce commodities, including the production, post-harvest processing, packaging, and transportation stages. Using oranges as a case study, we estimate the carbon footprint per kilogram of fruit delivered to wholesale market in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Atlanta and assess the relative importance of transportation mode, transportation distance (i.e. localness), and seasonality. We find that the cradle-to-market carbon footprint of oranges delivered to US cities can vary by more than a factor of two, depending on the production origin (e.g. 0.3 kgCO2e/kg for Californian oranges delivered to New York City versus 0.7 kgCO2e/kg for Mexican oranges delivered to New York City). The transportation mode was found to have a significant impact on the results; transportation-related greenhouse gas emissions associated with oranges trucked from Mexico to New York City were found to be six times higher than those transported by containership from Chile, in spite of traveling less than half the distance. Seasonality had a moderate impact on the results and varied depending on the destination city; based on our cradle-to-market analysis, the average carbon footprint of ‘out-of-season’ oranges relative to ‘in-season’ oranges increased by 51%, 46%, 14%, and 24% for Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City, respectively. This study highlights the value of regionally-specific carbon footprinting for fresh produce and the need for a consistent and standardized data reporting framework for agricultural systems.
Analysis of the Function of City Parks as Green Open Space and Education (Study in the City of Tasikmalaya, West Java Province, Indonesia)
Authors: Fadjarajani Siti , As’ari Ruli 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
City parks are an area that belongs to the urban Green Open Space which functions to balance ecosystems, social, cultural, economic, aesthetic, and as a protected area. The current factual condition is that there are some discrepancies/deviations in the function of the city park as a green open space so that it can harm the environment. The study was conducted with descriptive techniques carried out on 3 Park City areas in Tasikmalaya namely Alun-Alun Park, Dadaha City Park, and Tasikmalaya City Park. This study was conducted by reviewing city parks that discuss green open space (ecological, socio-cultural, economic and aesthetic functions) and education functions. The results showed that the condition of city parks as green open spaces in the City of Tasikmalaya namely ecological, socio-cultural and aesthetic functions had conformity value and in terms of their economic functions, city parks in Tasikmalaya had a high level of thinning by not having economic functions from production garden. The incompatibility of functions that are the result of observation is by using the area as a trading area. While the education function of the City Park can be used as an area for outdoor learning or field learning.
Study of Environmental Carrying Capacity for Settlement Development in Ranah Batahan District, Pasaman Barat Regency
Authors: Hasmita Lia , Sekarrini Cipta Estri , Septiana Khoirun Najmi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study aims to determine the evaluation of land suitability in the development of settlements, the carrying capacity and the capacity of the environment for settlements, as well as the direction of settlement development in Ranah Batahan District, West Pasaman Regency. Data collection techniques include observation data, remote sensing data, Bappeda, BPS, interviews, and documentation. The sampling technique of this study was Total Sampling. Data analysis techniques used GIS analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process. The results showed that: (1) land suitability for the development of settlement in Ranah Batahan District resulted in 4 classes of land suitability. Very suitable land consists of 9 land units, suitable land consists of 19 land units, land suitably consists of marginal land consists of 3 land units, unsuitable land consists of 8 land units. (2) the carrying capacity of land in the two Rural in Ranah Batahan District is very low. The carrying capacity of the land in Rural Desa Baru is 0.026 and in Rural Batahan 0.048, this means that the land here is less able to support livelihoods in the area. The capacity of the land obtained results of 0.555. The population of the region has exceeded the carrying capacity of the environment (beyond the threshold); (3) Direction for Settlement Development produces policy priorities. The results obtained are: a) developing settlement locations based on land suitability, b) tightening IMB, c) availability of land for settlements, d) suppressing population growth rates, e) managing settlement development effectively and efficiently.
Climate Change and Migration: A Case Study of Coastal Household in Delta Mahakam – Kalimantan
Authors: Hidayati Inayah , Setiadi Hafid 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Migration in response to climate change should not be seen as a failure to adapt, but as a strategy undertaken to maintains households resilience. Objective: This research aims to explain the migration decision-making process of Delta Mahakam household. In detail, this research will consider the impact of climate change in the migration decision-making process of household who emigrated from their village. The increasing number of household migrating from their village suggests the importance of understanding the reason underline their movements. Methods: The data collected included qualitative data from in-depth interviews. An interview guide was formulated to facilitate in-depth interviews and generate a better understanding of migration behavior. Expectation: Migration is one of the strategies undertaken to maintain the economic resilience of coastal households. Result: Rising seas is one of those climate change impacts in Delta Mahakam. The impact of climate change forces the household to abandon their hometown. Migration decisions of coastal household in Delta Mahakam are complex, involving both economic and non-economic considerations. These results provide an understanding of how climate change will reshape future population distributions. Keywords: environmental migration, household, coastal, decision-making process, climate change, sea-level rise
Construction of Krui Community Knowledge on Repong Damar Culture in Lampung’s West Coast
Authors: Istiawati Novia Fitri , Susilo Singgih , Budijanto  , Nyoman Ruja I , Widodo Sugeng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The research context with the theme of the social construction of repong damar culture has been carried out in various fields of science. The research was also conducted in a variety of different perspectives and focus to produce different findings and theorizations. This research is considered important because it is in line with the current shift in the local culture that is currently happening a lot. In many ways, local culture is often positioned opposite the thinking of the younger generation who consider it outdated. This research was motivated by the repong damar culture that existed in Lampung’s Saibatin community, Pesisir Barat District, Lampung. Resin cultivation in Lampung society Saibatin has become a hereditary practice and lasts for generations. The practice of resin which has been around for a long time eventually became a habit that was very attached to the Saibatin Lampung community. The purpose of this study was to find out how the damar cultivation practices can be formed and what kind of social construction then made the practice of resin cultivation to survive today. This study uses a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. Also, this study also uses the theory of Social Construction from Peter L. Berger. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study on the Social Construction of Repong Damar in Saibatin Lampung Community, Pesisir Barat District, Lampung showed that the practice of damar cultivation was formed around the beginning of the 1827s, which began with two main factors, namely after crop failure from cloves and pepper on the West Coast. Furthermore, the trigger for the emergence of this practice was also due to the actions of a trader who initially traded to Singapore while looking at market commodities that had high economic value. Upon returning the merchant to the West Coast, he recounted that gum resin had a high economic value which was sought after by traders from other countries as materials for making paints, cosmetics, and lighting. The Saibatin Lampung community then used the information and manifested the actions taken by traders by conducting large-scale resin cultivation. Subsequent developments, from the past until now several aspects make the practice of resin can continue to survive, including the existence of a process of habituation, legitimacy, and the process of socialization to the family and the environment.
Spatial Distribution of Marine Debris Pollution in Mangrove-Estuaries Ecosystem of Kendari Bay
Authors: Rahim Saban , Widayati Weka , Analuddin Kangkuso , Saleh Fitra , Alfirman  , Sahar Safruddin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Marine debris is a solid material that is either accidentally or accidentally disposed of in a river that empties into the sea or is left directly in the sea. The research on marine debris is carried out in the estuary and mangrove forest areas of Kendari Bay which is assumed to be accommodated garbage sites that enter the coastal area. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of composition and potential sources of marine waste contributors found in several river estuaries and mangrove forest areas, to know the density of marine debris and to mapping the distribution of marine debris from several river estuaries and mangrove forest in Kendari Bay. This research was conducted by survey method and using 5x5 quadratic plots in a random sampling. The data obtained were analyzed statistically and map overlays. The results showed that the composition of marine debris types in mangrove ecosystems and estuaries in Kendari bay generally consisted of plastic (plastic bottles, plastic bags, ropes, pipettes, plastic cups), metals (beverage cans), rubber, glass (glass bottles) and others (cloth, paper and others) with the dominant amount of plastic waste. The highest total density of waste types in the four locations in the mangrove ecosystem and river estuary in Kendari Bay is at station 1 (Lahundape Mangrove Tracking Area). The density of plastic waste dominates the four locations in the mangrove ecosystem with the highest value of 3,024 items/m2 in the mangrove ecosystem around the estuary of Mandonga and Lahundape. The high distribution of marine debris in the mangrove ecosystem is found at station 1 and station 2 because it is directly related to the river flow which contributes greatly to marine debris input in Kendari Bay.