bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the risk of sarcopenia in elderly patients with patellar fracture: development and assessment of a new predictive nomogram
Authors: Chen Yi-sheng , Cai Yan-xian , Kang Xue-ran , Zhou Zi-hui , Qi Xin , Ying Chen-ting , Zhang Yun-peng , Tao Jie 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
To develop a risk prediction model for postoperative sarcopenia in elderly patients with patellar fractures in China.

Patients and methods
We conducted a community survey of patients aged ≥55 years who underwent surgery for patellar fractures between January 2013 and October 2018, through telephone interviews, community visits, and outpatient follow-up. We established a predictive model for assessing the risk of sarcopenia after patellar fractures. We developed the prediction model by combining multivariate logistic regression analysis with the least absolute shrinkage model and selection operator regression (lasso analysis) as well as the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. The predictive quality and clinical utility of the predictive model were determined using C-index, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis. We also conducted internal sampling methods for qualitative assessment.

Result
We recruited 137 participants (53 male; mean age, 65.7 years). Various risk factors were assessed, and low body mass index and advanced age were identified as the most important risk factor (P < 0.05). The prediction rate of the model was good (C-index: 0.88; 95% CI [0.80552–0.95448]), with a satisfactory correction effect. The C index is 0.97 in the validation queue and 0.894 in the entire cohort. Decision curve analysis suggested good clinical practicability.

Conclusion
Our prediction model shows promise as a cost-effective tool for predicting the risk of postoperative sarcopenia in elderly patients based on the following: advanced age, low body mass index, diabetes, less outdoor exercise, no postoperative rehabilitation, different surgical methods, diabetes, open fracture, and removal of internal fixation.
Disturbed neurovascular coupling in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Jin Mei , Wang Liyan , Wang Hao , Han Xue , Diao Zongli , Guo Wang , Yang Zhenghan , Ding Heyu , Wang Zheng , Zhang Peng , Zhao Pengfei , Lv Han , Liu Wenhu , Wang Zhenchang 
Published: April 2020

Background
Altered cerebral blood flow (CBF) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) have been reported in hemodialysis patients. However, neurovascular coupling impairments, which provide a novel insight into the human brain, have not been reported in hemodialysis patients.

Methods
We combined arterial spin labeling (ASL) and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) techniques to investigate neurovascular coupling alterations and its relationships with demographic and clinical data in 46 hemodialysis patients and 47 healthy controls. To explore regional neuronal activity, ALFF was obtained from resting-state functional MRI. To measure cerebral vascular response, CBF was calculated from ASL. The across-voxel CBF–ALFF correlations for global neurovascular coupling and CBF/ALFF ratio for regional neurovascular coupling were compared between hemodialysis patients and healthy controls. Two-sample t-tests were used to compare the intergroup differences in CBF and ALFF. Multiple comparisons were corrected using a voxel-wise false discovery rate (FDR) method (P < 0.05).

Results
All hemodialysis patients and healthy controls showed significant across-voxel correlations between CBF and ALFF. Hemodialysis patients showed a significantly reduced global CBF–ALFF coupling (P = 0.0011) compared to healthy controls at the voxel-level. Of note, decreased CBF/ALFF ratio was exclusively located in the bilateral amygdala involved in emotional regulation and cognitive processing in hemodialysis patients. In hemodialysis patients, the decreased CBF (right olfactory cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus and bilateral insula) and ALFF (bilateral precuneus and superior frontal gyrus) were mainly located in the default mode network and salience network-related regions as well as increased CBF in the bilateral thalamus.

Conclusions
These novel findings reveal that disrupted neurovascular coupling may be a potential neural mechanism in hemodialysis patients.
Data Mining in Cancer Diagnosis and Prediction: Review about Latest Ten Years
Authors: Weli Zahraa Naser Shah 
Published: April 2020

Data Mining [DM] has exceptional and prodigious potential for examining and analyzing the vague data of the medical domain. Where these data are used in clinical prognosis and diagnosis. Nevertheless, the unprocessed medical data are widely scattered, diverse in nature, and voluminous. These data should be accumulated in a sorted out structure. DM innovation and creativity give a customer a situated way to deal with new fashioned and hidden patterns in the data.
The advantages of using DM in medical approach are unbounded and it has abundant applications, the most important: it leads to better medical treatment with a lower cost. Consequently, DM algorithms have the main usage in cancer detection and treatment through providing a learning rich environment which can help to improve the quality of clinical decisions. Multi researches are published about the using of DM in different destinations in the medical field. This paper provides an elaborated study about utilization of DM in cancer prediction and classifying, in addition to the main features and challenges in these researches are introduced in this paper for helping apprentice and youthful scientists and showing for them the key principle issues that are still exist around there.
Efficacy of a Biliary Splint at the Anastomosis in Living Donor Liver Transplantation−With a Special Reference to Postoperative Endoscopic Treatment for Biliary Stricture
Authors: Okada Satomi , Soyama Akihiko , Hidaka Masaaki , Adachi Tomohiko , Ono Shinichiro , Natsuda Koji , Hara Takanobu , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Eguchi Susumu 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
For successful biliary anastomosis in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), the efficacy of a biliary splint at the anastomosis remains controversial. In the case of biliary anastomotic stricture (BAS), endoscopic intervention is mostly performed as the initial treatment. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of endoscopic treatment for BAS in patients with placement of splints.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted with 148 adult patients who underwent LDLT with duct-to-duct biliary anastomosis from 2005 to 2015. A biliary splint was placed in all cases; the splint was removed 3 months after the LDLT. Patients who postoperatively underwent endoscopic treatment for BAS were divided into successful and failed groups.

Results:
A total of 24 patients (16.2%) underwent endoscopic treatment postoperatively. The successful group included 14 patients (63.6%) and the failed group included 8 (36.4%). Comparison between the 2 groups in terms of demographic, pretransplant, intraoperative, and posttransplant data did not show any significant differences. Two patients developed BAS within 3 months after LDLT. In these 2 patients, the splint was dislocated, and endoscopic intervention was not successful. Twenty patients developed BAS later than 3 months after LDLT. In contrast to the success rate of endoscopic intervention of 73.3% in patients without splint dislocation (n = 15), it was 60% in the patient with dislocation of the splint (n = 5).

Conclusion:
The prevention of early biliary stricture by placing a splint may lead to an improved success rate of endoscopic intervention, since endoscopic intervention was difficult in the cases of early biliary stricture within 3 months.
Agent‐based modeling of super‐long‐term maintenance processes for RC building groups: Stochastic study of risks of building groups by super‐long‐term combined deterioration Part 2
Authors: Miyoshi Tetsushi , Kitagaki Ryoma , Noguchi Takafumi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the corrosion of reinforcements as indices of processes of the super‐long‐term combined deterioration of reinforced concrete building groups with finishing materials, pre‐induced cracks, and maintenance. Specifically, we systemize specifications for finishing materials by permeability, deterioration mechanisms, and demeanor after repairs, and adopt agent‐based modeling for decision‐making of specifications for structures, finishing materials, and repair methods whose characteristics are based on generic products. We calculate the corrosion of reinforcements in general parts by Yonezawa's method and in cracks by the corrosion speed of bare steel, and assume minimum corrosion amounts required to initiate new cracks by Morinaga's method in consideration of corrosion amounts to fill up voids around reinforcements. We analyze the deterioration processes of building groups by using three scenarios with several histories of preferences of building owners based on ISO 19208. It is confirmed that the averages of acceleration‐period arrival rates in the group vary in line with the characteristics of each scenario and are lower than the repair limits for each preference and half of the 3% upper‐confidence limits. Although this method is embryonic, we quantitatively and theoretically demonstrate the super‐long‐term combined deterioration processes of the building group.
Achievement of the 2019 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology/American College of Rheumatology Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Amount of Damage Accrual: Results From a Multiethnic Multicenter Cohort
Authors: Ugarte-Gil Manuel F. , Pons‐Estel Guillermo J. , Griffin Russell , Vilá Luis M. , Reveille John D. , Alarcón Graciela S. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the difference in outcomes in patients who achieved or did not achieve the 2019 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria.MethodsPatients from the LUpus in MInorities, NAture versus nurture (LUMINA) cohort were included. For these analyses, we compared those patients who achieved the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria any time during follow‐up to those who did not. The predefined outcomes were the last Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR Damage Index (SDI) scores and survival. Univariable and multivariable negative binomial regression models were performed; adjustment models were based on a forward selection process.ResultsIn total, 98 of 640 patients never achieved the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria. There was no difference in mean baseline SDI score among the patients who did not achieve the criteria compared to those who did. Conversely, the mean ± SD SDI score at last visit was lower for those who never achieved the criteria (1.2 ± 1.7 versus 2.0 ± 2.3, P = 0.0004). In the final adjusted model, the SDI score at last visit was 31% lower for those who never achieved the criteria (P = 0.0077). These patients were also more likely to survive, but this was not statistically significant.ConclusionIn our cohort, patients who did not achieve the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria accrued less damage, suggesting that these criteria could allow us to identify a subset of patients with more severe disease than allowed by previous criteria.
Benzylic C−H Functionalisation by [Et3SiH+KOtBu] leads to Radical Rearrangements in o‐tolyl Aryl Ethers, Amines and Sulfides
Authors: Arokianathar Jude N. , Kolodziejczak Krystian , Bugden Frances E. , Clark Kenneth F. , Tuttle Tell , Murphy John A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReaction of Et3SiH+KOtBu with diaryl ethers, sulfides and amines that feature an ortho alkyl group leads to rearrangement products. The rearrangements arise from formation of benzyl radicals, likely formed through hydrogen atom abstraction by triethylsilyl radicals. The rearrangements involve cyclisation of the benzyl radical onto the partner arene, which, from computation, is the rate determining step. In the case of diaryl ethers, Truce‐Smiles rearrangements arise from radical cyclisations to form 5‐membered rings, but for diarylamines, cyclisations to form dihydroacridines are observed.magnified image
Racist attitudes, out‐groups and the Australian experience
Authors: Forrest James , Blair Kathleen , Dunn Kevin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAustralia today is a culturally diverse nation with people from over 190 different countries claiming 300 different ancestries. But despite an official commitment to diversity, contemporary Australian society continues to experience tensions between multicultural policies and a legacy of Anglo privilege and cultural dominance. To assess this, the Challenging Racism Project conducted a national survey, commissioned by the Special Broadcasting Service, to gauge the nature and extent of racist attitudes and experience of racism across Australia during July–August 2015 and November 2015. Results show that sociodemographic characteristics show little contemporary relationship to racist attitudes. Age, once associated with “old” racist attitudes, is no longer significant. On the other hand, Anglo privilege is empirically linked to racism through notions of social dominance. We conclude that it is to the media, and to public discourse generally, to which future research attention, using critical discourse analysis, should turn in efforts to make Australia a fairer, more tolerant, multicultural society.
Unterscheidung von isomeren Sphingolipiden mittels kryogener Infrarotspektroskopie
Authors: Kirschbaum Carla , Saied Essa M. , Greis Kim , Mucha Eike , Gewinner Sandy , Schöllkopf Wieland , Meijer Gerard , von Helden Gert , Poad Berwyck L. J. , Blanksby Stephen J. , Arenz Christoph , Pagel Kevin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract1‐Deoxysphingolipide sind eine erst kürzlich beschriebene Klasse von Sphingolipiden, die in Zusammenhang mit verschiedenen Krankheiten wie diabetischer und erblicher Neuropathie gebracht werden. Die Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von 1‐Deoxysphingolipiden und deren Metaboliten ist in diesem Kontext sehr wichtig. Eine exakte Strukturbestimmung erfordert jedoch die Kombination von verschiedenen anspruchsvollen analytischen Techniken, da unterschiedliche Isomerentypen vorliegen können: Keton/Alkenol‐Isomere, Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐Doppelbindungs(C=C)‐Isomere und Hydroxyl‐Regioisomere. Wir zeigen, dass kryogene Gasphasen‐Infrarot(IR)‐Spektroskopie von ionisierten 1‐Deoxysphingolipiden die Identifizierung und Unterscheidung von Isomeren anhand ihres einzigartigen spektroskopischen Profils ermöglicht. Insbesondere die Position und Konfiguration von C=C‐Bindungen können aufgrund von spezifischen Interaktionen zwischen dem geladenen Amin und der Doppelbindung bestimmt werden. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen das Potential der Gasphasen‐IR‐Spektroskopie, die Herausforderungen der Isomerenunterscheidung in der konventionellen Massenspektrometrie zu überwinden und den Weg für eine umfangreiche Analyse des Lipidoms zu ebnen.
Micromanipulation of Mechanically Compliant Organic Single‐Crystal Optical Microwaveguides
Authors: Annadhasan Mari , Karothu Durga Prasad , Chinnasamy Ragaverthini , Catalano Luca , Ahmed Ejaz , Ghosh Soumyajit , Naumov Panče , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFlexible organic single crystals are evolving as new materials for optical waveguides that can be used for transfer of information in organic optoelectronic microcircuits. Integration in microelectronics of such crystalline waveguides requires downsizing and precise spatial control over their shape and size at the microscale, however that currently is not possible due to difficulties with manipulation of these small, brittle objects that are prone to cracking and disintegration. Here we demonstrate that atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to reshape, resize and relocate single‐crystal microwaveguides in order to attain spatial control over their light output. Using an AFM cantilever tip, mechanically compliant acicular microcrystals of three N‐benzylideneanilines were bent to an arbitrary angle, sliced out from a bundle into individual crystals, cut into shorter crystals of arbitrary length, and moved across and above a solid surface. When excited by using laser light, such bent microcrystals act as active optical microwaveguides that transduce their fluorescence, with the total intensity of transduced light being dependent on the optical path length. This micromanipulation of the crystal waveguides using AFM is non‐invasive, and after bending their emissive spectral output remains unaltered. The approach reported here effectively overcomes the difficulties that are commonly encountered with reshaping and positioning of small delicate objects (the “thick fingers” problem), and can be applied to mechanically reconfigure organic optical waveguides in order to attain spatial control over their output in two and three dimensions in optical microcircuits.
Extra Silver Atom Triggers Room‐Temperature Photoluminescence in Atomically Precise Radarlike Silver Clusters
Authors: Yang Jin‐Sen , Han Zhen , Dong Xi‐Yan , Luo Peng , Mo Hui‐Lin , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLuminescent metal clusters show promise for applications in imaging and sensing. However, promoting emission from metal clusters at room temperature is a challenging task owing to the lack of an efficient approach to suppress the nonradiative decay process in metal cores. We report herein that the addition of a silver atom into a metal interstice of the radarlike thiolated silver cluster [Ag27(StBu)14(S)2(CF3COO)9(DMAc)4]⋅DMAc (NC1, DMAc=dimethylacetamide), which is non‐emissive under ambient conditions, produced another silver cluster [Ag28(AdmS)14(S)2(CF3COO)10(H2O)4] (NC2) that displayed bright green room‐temperature photoluminescence aided by the new ligand 1‐adamantanethiol (AdmSH). The 28th Ag atom, which hardly affects the geometrical and electronic structures of the Ag–S skeleton, triggered the emission of green light as a result of the rigidity of the cluster structure.
What to Do with Spent Bleaching Earth? A Review
Authors: Dijkstra Albert J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnimal fats and cold‐pressed vegetable oils hardly need bleaching but when vegetable oils started to be produced by solvent extraction, the resulting oils were too dark to sell as such. That also holds for palm oil. Bleaching these oils with bleaching clay solved their color problems but led to the problem of spent earth disposal. Many ways of treating spent earth and ways of disposal have been suggested and/or developed in the past. They will be reviewed in this paper. Given the recent observation that slurrying spent bleaching earth with crude oil inhibits the deterioration of the residual oil in the earth, leads to the conclusion that, for an integrated oil mill‐cum‐refinery, the best way of spent bleaching earth disposal is the recycling of the earth to the solvent extractor, whereas stand‐alone refineries are advised to sell their spent earth to chicken feed manufacturers. In future, a high‐temperature hydrolysis process that can treat all kinds of fatty waste may become an attractive means of disposal as well.
Mechanistic investigation on moisture‐induced softening of poly(vinyl acetate)‐stiffened polyester fabrics
Authors: Li Yongxiang , Chen Dongzhi , Cheng Xiaoxia , Gao Feng , Yang Xiaobo , Mi Yifang , Zhou Qiubao , Lan Shuxian , Cao Zhihai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSoftening phenomenon of fabrics stiffened with eco‐friendly polymeric stiffening agents often occurs in service conditions, leading to a deteriorated stiffening style. It is highly desired to find the key factors that induce the softening of stiffened fabrics and to understand the softening mechanism. In this work, polyester fabrics and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)‐based stiffening agent were chosen as the typical fabrics and polymeric stiffening agent, respectively. The stiffness value, a sensitive style index for the stiffening effect of fabrics, was selected to evaluate the variation of fabric stiffening effect during storage. A phenomenon of rapid softening was observed in the fabrics stiffened with various amounts of PVAc‐based stiffening agent. The stiffness value of stiffened fabrics decreased with the increase of hygroscopic amount. According to the hygroscopic kinetic data, the moisture‐induced plasticization effect of stiffening agent film, and the detachment of stiffening agent film from the fibers caused by the moisture‐induced weakening of interfacial interaction between the film and fiber, a possible softening mechanism of polymer‐stiffened fabrics was proposed. The hygroscopic‐drying cyclic experiments showed that the softening of stiffened fabrics was induced by the reversible plasticization effect and the irreversible interfacial damage between the film and fiber.
Assessing the impact of population decline on mating system in the overexploited Mediterranean red coral
Authors: Ledoux Jean‐Baptiste , Frias‐Vidal Silvia , Montero‐Serra Ignasi , Antunes Agostinho , Casado Bueno Clara , Civit Sergi , Lopez‐Sendino Paula , Linares Cristina , Garrabou Joaquim 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Understanding the interactions among demographic parameters, mating system and population dynamics is key to predict the response of populations to global change. The Mediterranean red coral is a precious octocoral suffering from population decline due to overfishing and warming‐driven mass mortality events.
While the demographic consequences of these two pressures are well characterized, little is known regarding their impact on population dynamics and evolution of red coral populations. The main objective of this study was to fill this gap focusing more particularly on mating pattern and genetic drift.
Combining sibship and progeny arrays analyses, a genetic characterization of the red coral mating system was conducted. In addition, a synchronic approach was developed comparing mating patterns in two populations with contrasting demographic patterns: a pristine‐like population and a declining population.
The results show that polyandry is likely to be the norm in red coral. The similar patterns of genetic diversity between adults and larvae combined with the lack of differential reproductive success among putative fathers did not support significant sweepstakes effects during larval production. While instantaneous biparental inbreeding was detected, no long‐term inbreeding was observed even in the declining population. Mating patterns and effective population sizes in the two populations were not statistically different. Nevertheless, a trend towards a slightly higher inbreeding and a lower number of breeders was observed in the declining population.
Accordingly, we hypothesized that an increase in male gamete dispersal may buffer the increase of genetic drift expected in the declining population. This feedback between demographic decline and reproductive pattern may potentially take part in the long‐term persistence of red coral populations. However, the negative trend reported in the declining population unambiguously supports the need to maintain high densities of reproductive colonies to the functioning of red coral populations.