bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crime, Corruption, and Political Order in Nigeria and India
Authors: Kale Sunila S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The subjects of crime and corruption remain perennially important for social scientists concerned with the nature of power, authority, and order. Steven Pierce's Moral Economies of Corruption: State Formation and Political Culture in Nigeria and Milan Vaishnav's When Crime Pays: Money and Muscle in Indian Politics present two very different approaches to the study of crime and corruption, both rich, complex, and lucidly conveyed. As a scholar of South Asia, Kale's approach in the essay is to use insights from Pierce to reflect on the methodological and theoretical choices in Vaishnav's account of India's criminal politicians. In discussing each author's contributions, rather than providing a comprehensive account, Kale focuses on the parts of their arguments that are useful for comparative discussion.
ER-associated degradation in health and disease – from substrate to organism
Authors: Bhattacharya Asmita , Qi Ling 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The recent literature has revolutionized our view on the vital importance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) in health and disease. Suppressor/enhancer of Lin-12-like (Sel1L)–HMG-coA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1)-mediated ERAD has emerged as a crucial determinant of normal physiology and as a sentinel against disease pathogenesis in the body, in a largely substrate- and cell type-specific manner. In this Review, we highlight three features of ERAD, constitutive versus inducible ERAD, quality versus quantity control of ERAD and ERAD-mediated regulation of nuclear gene transcription, through which ERAD exerts a profound impact on a number of physiological processes.
The Impact of Primary Tumor Location in Synchronous Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Differences in Metastatic Sites and Survival
Authors: Brouwer Nelleke P. M. , van der Kruijssen Dave E. W. , Hugen Niek , de Hingh Ignace H. J. T. , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Verhoeven Rob H. A. , Koopman Miriam , de Wilt Johannes H. W. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
We explored differences in survival between primary tumor locations, hereby focusing on the role of metastatic sites in synchronous metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Methods
Data for patients diagnosed with synchronous mCRC between 1989 and 2014 were retrieved from the Netherlands Cancer registry. Relative survival and relative excess risks (RER) were analyzed by primary tumor location (right colon (RCC), left colon (LCC), and rectum). Metastatic sites were reported per primary tumor location. Survival was analyzed for metastatic sites combined and for single metastatic sites.

Results
In total, 36,297 patients were included in this study. Metastatic sites differed significantly between primary tumor locations, with liver-only metastases in 43%, 54%, and 52% of RCC, LCC, and rectal cancer patients respectively (p < 0.001). Peritoneal metastases were most prevalent in RCC patients (33%), and lung metastases were most prevalent in rectal cancer patients (28%). Regardless of the location of metastases, patients with RCC had a worse survival compared with LCC (RER 0.81, 95% CI 0.78–0.83) and rectal cancer (RER 0.73, 95% CI 0.71–0.76). The survival disadvantage for RCC remained present, even in cases with metastasectomy for liver-only disease (LCC: RER 0.66, 95% CI 0.57–0.76; rectal cancer: RER 0.84, 95% CI 0.66–1.06).

Conclusions
This study showed significant differences in relative survival between primary tumor locations in synchronous mCRC, which can only be partially explained by distinct metastatic sites. Our findings support the concept that RCC, LCC and rectal cancer should be considered distinct entities in synchronous mCRC.
Peak expiratory flow rate and chronic respiratory symptoms among restaurant workers: a cross-sectional study from Thailand
Authors: Juntarawijit Chudchawal 
Published: December 2019

Background: Cooking fumes are a major source of indoor air pollution affecting millions of people worldwide. To date, there has been no epidemiological study to show the variation in health effects resulting from work at different kinds of restaurants in Thailand. This study determines lung function and chronic respiratory symptoms of workers in four types of eateries commonly found in Thailand. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 321 people working in four common types of restaurants in Thailand: ‘tamsang’ restaurants (from the Thai word ร้านอาหารตามสั่ง, a restaurant that makes a variety of foods to order) (170 people), papaya salad restaurants (51 people), noodle restaurants (50 people), and barbecue stalls (50 people). The restaurant workers’ demographic data as well as information on their working conditions was collected using a questionnaire administered in a face to face interview. Each worker’s peak expiratory flow rate was measured using a portable peak flow meter. Results: This study found that compared to the other three types of restaurants, working in a ‘tamsang’ restaurant has more adverse health effects. Participants from ‘tamsang’ restaurant were at greater of poor lung function (OR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.33–5.06) and moderate dyspnea symptoms (OR = 3.79, 95% CI 1.63–8.79) compared to participants from papaya salad restaurant. The study also found that each of the following were associated with poor lung function and/or chronic respiratory symptoms: cooking with palm oil, having irritated teary eyes while cooking, cooking without a ventilation hood, long past experience working at restaurants, and working in a small cooking area (1–6 m 2). Conclusions: Work in different kinds of restaurants with variations in cooking methods and work conditions produces diverse effects on airway and lung function. Regulatory organizations should pay careful attention to protecting the health of restaurant workers, especially those working in ‘tamsang’ restaurants.
Study of interaction energies between residues of the active site of Hsp90 and geldanamycin analogues using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods
Authors: Vivas-Reyes Ricardo , Morales-Bayuelo Alejando , Gueto Carlos , Drosos Juan C. , Márquez Lázaro Johana , Baldiris Rosa , Ahumedo Maicol , Vivas-Gomez Catalina , Aparicio Dilia 
Published: December 2019

Background:Heat shock protein (Hsp90KDa) is a molecular chaperone involved in the process of cellular oncogenesis, hence its importance as a therapeutic target in clinical trials. Geldanamycin is an inhibitor of Hsp90 chaperone activity, which binds to the ATP binding site in the N-terminal domain of Hsp90. However, geldanamycin has shown hepatotoxic damage in clinical trials; for this reason, its use is not recommended. Taking advantage that geldanamycin binds successfully to Hsp90, many efforts have focused on the search for similar analogues, which have the same or better biological response and reduce the side effects of its predecessor; 17-AAG and 17-DMAG are examples of these analogues.Methods:In order to know the chemical factors influencing the growth or decay of the biological activity of geldanamycin analogues, different computational techniques such as docking, 3DQSAR and quantum similarity were used. Moreover, the study quantified the interaction energy between amino acids residues of active side and geldanamycin analogues, through hybrid methodologies and density functional theory (DFT) indexes.Results:The evaluation of interaction energies showed that the interaction with Lys58 residue is essential for the union of the analogues to the active site of Hsp90, and improves its biological activity. This union is formed through a substituent on C-11 of the geldanamycin macrocycle. A small and attractor group was found as the main steric and electrostatic characteristic that substituents on C11 need in order to interact with Lys 58; behavior was observed with hydroxy and methoxy series of geldanamycin analogues, under study.Conclusion:These outcomes were supported with quantum similarity and reactivity indices calculations using DFT in order to understand the non-covalent stabilization in the active site of these compounds.
Cardiovascular risk prediction in India: Comparison of the original and recalibrated Framingham prognostic models in urban populations.
Authors: Gupta Priti , Prieto-Merino David , Ajay Vamadevan S. , Singh Kalpana , Roy Ambuj , Krishnan Anand , Narayan K.M. Venkat , Ali Mohammed K. , Tandon Nikhil , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Perel Pablo 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in India. The CVD risk approach is a cost-effective way to identify those at high risk, especially in a low resource setting. As there is no validated prognostic model for an Indian urban population, we have re-calibrated the original Framingham model using data from two urban Indian studies. Methods: We have estimated three risk score equations using three different models. The first model was based on Framingham original model; the second and third are the recalibrated models using risk factor prevalence from CARRS (Centre for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South-Asia) and ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) studies, and estimated survival from WHO 2012 data for India. We applied these three risk scores to the CARRS and ICMR participants and estimated the proportion of those at high-risk (>30% 10 years CVD risk) who would be eligible to receive preventive treatment such as statins. Results: In the CARRS study, the proportion of men with 10 years CVD risk > 30% (and therefore eligible for statin treatment) was 13.3%, 21%, and 13.6% using Framingham, CARRS and ICMR risk models, respectively. The corresponding proportions of women were 3.5%, 16.4%, and 11.6%. In the ICMR study the corresponding proportions of men were 16.3%, 24.2%, and 16.5% and for women, these were 5.6%, 20.5%, and 15.3%. Conclusion: Although the recalibrated model based on local population can improve the validity of CVD risk scores our study exemplifies the variation between recalibrated models using different data from the same country. Considering the growing burden of cardiovascular diseases in India, and the impact that the risk approach has on influencing cardiovascular prevention treatment, such as statins, it is essential to develop high quality and well powered local cohorts (with outcome data) to develop local prognostic models.
Is the Femoro-Epiphyseal Acetabular Roof (FEAR) index on MRI a relevant predictive factor of instability in a borderline dysplastic hip?
Authors: Batailler Cécile , Weidner Jan , Wyatt Michael , Pfluger Dominik , Beck Martin 
Published: December 2019

Aims A borderline dysplastic hip can behave as either stable or unstable and this makes surgical decision making challenging. While an unstable hip may be best treated by acetabular reorientation, stable hips can be treated arthroscopically. Several imaging parameters can help to identify the appropriate treatment, including the Femoro-Epiphyseal Acetabular Roof (FEAR) index, measured on plain radiographs. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and the sensitivity of FEAR index on MRI compared with its radiological measurement. Patients and Methods The technique of measuring the FEAR index on MRI was defined and its reliability validated. A retrospective study assessed three groups of 20 patients: an unstable group of ‘borderline dysplastic hips’ with lateral centre edge angle (LCEA) less than 25° treated successfully by periacetabular osteotomy; a stable group of ‘borderline dysplastic hips’ with LCEA less than 25° treated successfully by impingement surgery; and an asymptomatic control group with LCEA between 25° and 35°. The following measurements were performed on both standardized radiographs and on MRI: LCEA, acetabular index, femoral anteversion, and FEAR index. Results The FEAR index showed excellent intraobserver and interobserver reliability on both MRI and radiographs. The FEAR index was more reliable on radiographs than on MRI. The FEAR index on MRI was lower in the stable borderline group (mean -4.2° (sd 9.1°)) compared with the unstable borderline group (mean 7.9° (sd 6.8°)). With a FEAR index cut-off value of 2°, 90% of patients were correctly identified as stable or unstable using the radiological FEAR index, compared with 82.5% using the FEAR index on MRI. The FEAR index was a better predictor of instability on plain radiographs than on MRI. Conclusion The FEAR index measured on MRI is less reliable and less sensitive than the FEAR index measured on radiographs. The cut-off value of 2° for radiological FEAR index predicted hip stability with 90% probability. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1578–1584
Prognostic factors for unfavourable outcomes of patients with spinal tuberculosis in a country with an intermediate tuberculosis burden
Authors: Kim Jung Ho , Ahn Jin Young , Jeong Su Jin , Ku Nam Su , Choi Jun Yong , Kim Young Keun , Yeom Joon-Sup , Song Young Goo 
Published: December 2019

Aims Spinal tuberculosis (TB) remains an important concern. Although spinal TB often has sequelae such as myelopathy after treatment, the predictive factors affecting such unfavourable outcomes are not yet established. We investigated the clinical manifestations and predictors of unfavourable treatment outcomes in patients with spinal TB. Patients and Methods We performed a multicentre retrospective cohort study of patients with spinal TB. Unfavourable outcome was defined according to previous studies. The prognostic factors for unfavourable outcomes as the primary outcome were determined using multivariable logistic regression analysis and a linear mixed model was used to compare time course of inflammatory markers during treatment. A total of 185 patients were included, of whom 59 patients had unfavourable outcomes. Results In multivariate regression analysis, the factors associated with unfavourable outcome were old age (odds ratio (OR) 2.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07 to 5.86; p = 0.034), acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear positivity in specimens obtained through biopsy (OR 3.05; 95% CI 1.06 to 8.80; p = 0.039), and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at the end of treatment (OR 3.85; 95% CI 1.62 to 9.13; p = 0.002). Patients with unfavourable outcomes had a significant trend toward higher ESR during treatment compared with patients with favourable outcome (p = 0.009). Duration of anti-TB and surgical treatment did not affect prognosis. Conclusion Elevated ESR at the end of treatment could be used as a marker to identify spinal TB patients with a poor prognosis. Patients whose ESR is not normalized during treatment, as well as those with old age and AFB smear positivity, should be aware of unfavourable outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1542–1549
The Meaning of Social Inclusion to Players With and Without Intellectual Disability in Unified Sports Teams
Authors: McConkey Roy , Peng Cheryl , Merritt Marie , Shellard Amy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSport can be a means for promoting social inclusion but to date, the perspectives of participants have been rarely sought. Focus groups interviews were held with 6 Special Olympic, Unified Sports teams in the United States as well as one each in Germany and India. In all, 49 athletes with intellectual disability and 39 team-mates without disability participated. From a thematic content analysis, a core concept of togetherness emerged, with five subthemes of equality, friendships, participation, connections, and assistance. Four main feelings were associated with togetherness: happy, relaxed, confident, and cared for. The players gave specific examples of how these outcomes were realised in sport and community settings. Their insights could guide future attempts to promote social inclusion in sports and the wider community.
Flexible random lasers in dye-doped bio-degradable cellulose nanocrystalline needles
Authors: Germano Gleice C. M. , Machado Yan D. R. , Martinho Lucas , Fernandes Susete N. , Costa Antonio Mario L. M. , Pecoraro Edison , Gomes Anderson S. L. , Carvalho Isabel C. S. 
Published: December 2019

In this work, we developed and investigated a random laser based on
rhodamine6G (Rh6G) in ethylene glycol (EG) solution with varying
cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC) needles as scatterers in the lasing
media. Besides the suspension-in-cuvette scheme, an alternative
configuration was also employed: a dye-CNC flexible self-supported
thick-film (70 µm) random laser made by drop casting of the

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cellulose suspension. In relation to
conventional scatterers, the biodegradable cellulose nanocompounds
showed a comparable reduction in both the spectral full width at
half-maximum and the energy threshold values, with an optimal
concentration of 5 mg [CNC]/ml[EG] in suspension. Its performance was
also compared with other cellulose-based random lasers, presenting
advantages for some parameters. The flexible film configuration showed
similar results, but contained 10% less Rh6G than the suspension.
A importância da amostragem de solo de perfil completo (ASPC) para a investigação de alta resolução em áreas contaminadas
Authors: Riyis Marcos Tanaka , Arakaki Edson , Riyis Mauro Tanaka , Giacheti Heraldo Luiz 
Published: December 2019

A metodologia tradicional de investigação de áreas contaminadas no Brasil se baseia na instalação de poços de monitoramento não afogados com 3 m de seção filtrante e amostragem de solo somente na zona não saturada, realizada na mesma sondagem e com o mesmo equipamento utilizado para fazer a perfuração para a instalação do poço (normalmente trado manual ou helicoidal mecanizado). Essa metodologia não é capaz de fornecer informações suficientes para a elaboração de um modelo conceitual adequado para a área e é incompatível com as normas: NBR 16.434, NBR 15.495-1, ASTM D6282 e com a Decisão de Diretoria 038 (DD-038) da CETESB. Para que esses dispositivos sejam integralmente atingidos, é necessário que, durante a investigação, seja dada prioridade à execução de amostragens de solo de perfil completo (ASPC) que coletem amostras representativas de todo o perfil, inclusive na zona saturada. A ASPC deve permitir: a aquisição de amostras para análises químicas e físicas em laboratório; a realização de uma varredura vertical de contaminantes; e a identificação e caracterização das UH. Para isso, é preciso utilizar a técnica Direct Push, e dentro dessa técnica, as modalidades Dual Tube, Piston Sampler, ou em casos especiais, Single Tube revestida. Dessas, a que se mostrou mais eficiente para a execução da ASPC foi a Dual Tube.
SIMULASI KOMPUTER SEBAGAI ALAT PENENTU PENERANGAN ALAMI OPTIMAL PADA DESAIN SHADING DEVICE PADA RUANG ASET GEDUNG DEKANAT FT UNDIP
Authors: Ahfadz Ikhwanul , Setyowati Erni , Prianto Eddy 
Published: December 2019

Simulasi Komputer sebagai alat peminimalisir kesalahan pada desain kerap kali digunakan untuk memprediksi dalam penentuan keputusan desain. Selain Fungsi bangunan dan kebutuhan lainnya arsitek diwajibkan untuk faham akan konteks dan Kemampuan mengoptimalkan potensi iklim dari lokasi pembangunannya. Perolehan Sinar Matahari menjadi Faktor utamanya karena apabila sedikit sinar matahari yang masuk ruangannya akan kurang penerangan dan apabila terlalu banyak sinar matahari yang datang akan meningkatkan perolehan panas bangunan sehingga pengoptimalan daripada masalah tersebut merupakan kunci keberhasilan dalam sebuah perancangan. Penelitian Ini menggunakan Metode Experimental dengan mengidentifikasi lokasi, material, Fungsi ruang dan Hal-hal terkait lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mencari shading device yang optimal sebagi perisai luar ruangan aset gedung Dekanat FT kampus Universitas Diponegoro ini. Hasil dari penlitian ini menunjukan bahwasannya dengan ada satu desain shading device yang bisa menurunkan rata-rata 33% perolehan sinar matahari yang berpotensi besar menekan penggunaan energi Gedung Dekanat Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro Semarang.
The polymorphs of the Na+ion conductor Na3PS4viewed from the perspective of a group-subgroup scheme
Authors: Seidel Stefan , Zeier Wolfgang G. , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Na+solid state electrolyte Na3PS4is currently being investigated due to its high ionic conductivity and its synthesis-dependent crystal structure. Na3PS4adopts a tetragonal low-temperature modification with space groupP 4̅21cthat transforms to a cubic high-temperature modification with space groupI 4̅3m(Tl3VS4type). These two modifications are related by a group-subgroup scheme. The symmetry reduction proceeds via atranslationengleichetransition fromI 4̅3mtoI 4̅2mand subsequently via aklassengleichetransition toP 4̅21c. The tetragonal phase with space groupI 4̅2mcorresponds to the K2HgSnSe4type. The group-subgroup scheme of this tetragonal branch of the Bärnighausen tree is discussed along with the crystal chemical consequences and results of diffraction experiments. The structure of K3SbSe4(space groupR 3c) belongs to the rhombohedral branch of the aristotype Tl3VS4.
Improving Mechanical Effectiveness During Sprint Acceleration: Practical Recommendations and Guidelines
Authors: Hicks Dylan Shaun , Schuster Jake George , Samozino Pierre , Morin Jean-Benoit 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Sport scientists and strength and conditioning coaches are showing growing interest in the magnitude, orientation, and application of ground reaction force during acceleration actions in sport, as it can identify the key mechanical determinants of performance. Horizontal force-velocity profiling or sprint profiling helps practitioners understand the capacity of the mechanical force production during the acceleration phase of a sprint. This review examines the methods used in the field for determining horizontal force-velocity (sprint) profiles. It also includes recommendations for practical training methods to address individual force-velocity characteristics, mechanical effectiveness, thereby optimizing acceleration performance.