bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Set in Stone? Predicting Confederate Monument Removal
Authors: Benjamin Andrea , Block Ray , Clemons Jared , Laird Chryl , Wamble Julian 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTRecent events have led to a renewed conversation surrounding the relevance and potential removal of Confederate monuments around the country, and several monuments have already been removed. However, we have little insight to explain why some monuments have been removed while others remain. This article seeks to understand the social and political determinants that can better explain the recent removal of Confederate monuments throughout the United States. Analyzing results from an original dataset of Confederate monuments, we identify which local government structures and racial and civic characteristics best predict the removal of these monuments. Ultimately, although we find that other factors contribute to monument removal, the size of the black population, the presence of a National Association for the Advancement of Colored People chapter, and the percentage of Democrats in a county in which a monument exists—as well as whether the monument exists in a state that constrains removal by legislative decree—best predict whether a Confederate monument will be taken down. This project elucidates the interplay of race, partisanship, and local and statewide politics as it relates to the dismantling of Confederate monuments.
Segmented Thrust Faulting: Example From the Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lei Jinghao , Li Youli , Oskin Michael E. , Wang Yiran , Xiong Jianguo , Xin Weilin , Hu Xiu , Zhong Yuezhi , Liu Fei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeismogenic faults are commonly composed of a series of segments, revealed by geometric barriers and along‐strike gradients in fault activity. At the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the Minle‐Damaying Fault (MDF), bounding a portion of the eastern Qilian Shan, illustrates segmented paleoseismic behavior of a major seismogenic reverse fault. Field surveys, trench excavations, and drone‐surveyed topography along the MDF reveal scarps with diverse cumulative displacements. Multiple events, with timing constrained by radiocarbon dating, are identified by both trench exposures and analysis of deformed landforms. Both individual coseismic displacements and slip rates taper toward the ends, revealing repeated rupture of the western MDF segment. Not all events present at the center of this segment appear at sites closer to the fault tips, suggesting that some earthquakes did not everywhere rupture to the surface. Isolated rupture of the western segment would produce aMw7.0 earthquake. However, we cannot rule out correlation of some paleo‐earthquakes between two segments, corresponding to larger events. A cluster of two 7‐m slip events occurred on the eastern segment in the past 1,000 years, one of which may correspond to a multisegment event.
Risk-adjusted/neuroprotective care services in the NICU: the elemental role of the neonatal therapist (OT, PT, SLP)
Authors: Craig Jenene W. , Smith Catherine R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInfants admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) require carefully designed risk-adjusted management encompassing a broad spectrum of neonatal subgroups. Key components of an optimal neuroprotective healing NICU environment are presented to support consistent quality of care delivery across NICU settings and levels of care. This article presents a perspective on the role of neonatal therapists—occupational therapists, physical therapists, and speech–language pathologists—in the provision of elemental risk-adjusted neuroprotective care services. In alignment with professional organization competency recommendations from these disciplines, a broad overview of neonatal therapy services is described. Recognizing the staffing budget as one of the more difficult challenges hospital department leaders face, the authors present a formula-based approach to address staff allocations for neonatal therapists working in NICU settings. The article has been reviewed and endorsed by the National Association of Neonatal Therapists, National Association of Neonatal Nurses, and the National Perinatal Association.
Active sorting of orbital angular momentum states of light with a cascaded tunable resonator
Authors: Wei Shibiao , Earl Stuart K. , Lin Jiao , Kou Shan Shan , Yuan Xiao-Cong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has been shown to be useful in diverse fields ranging from astronomy and optical trapping to optical communications and data storage. However, one of the primary impediments preventing such applications from widespread adoption is the lack of a straightforward and dynamic method to sort incident OAM states without altering the states. Here, we report a technique that can dynamically filter individual OAM states and preserve the incident OAM states for subsequent processing. Although the working principle of this technique is based on resonance, the device operation is not limited to a particular wavelength. OAM states with different wavelengths can resonate in the resonator without any additional modulation other than changing the length of the cavity. Consequently, we are able to demonstrate a reconfigurable OAM sorter that is constructed by cascading such optical resonators. This approach does not require specially designed components and is readily amenable to integration into potential applications.
Large-area epitaxial growth of curvature-stabilized ABC trilayer graphene
Authors: Gao Zhaoli , Wang Sheng , Berry Joel , Zhang Qicheng , Gebhardt Julian , Parkin William M. , Avila Jose , Yi Hemian , Chen Chaoyu , Hurtado-Parra Sebastian , Drndić Marija , Rappe Andrew M. , Srolovitz David J. , Kikkawa James M. , Luo Zhengtang , Asensio Maria C. , Wang Feng , Johnson A. T. Charlie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe properties of van der Waals (vdW) materials often vary dramatically with the atomic stacking order between layers, but this order can be difficult to control. Trilayer graphene (TLG) stacks in either a semimetallic ABA or a semiconducting ABC configuration with a gate-tunable band gap, but the latter has only been produced by exfoliation. Here we present a chemical vapor deposition approach to TLG growth that yields greatly enhanced fraction and size of ABC domains. The key insight is that substrate curvature can stabilize ABC domains. Controllable ABC yields ~59% were achieved by tailoring substrate curvature levels. ABC fractions remained high after transfer to device substrates, as confirmed by transport measurements revealing the expected tunable ABC band gap. Substrate topography engineering provides a path to large-scale synthesis of epitaxial ABC-TLG and other vdW materials.
Formation of bridgmanite-enriched layer at the top lower-mantle during magma ocean solidification
Authors: Xie Longjian , Yoneda Akira , Yamazaki Daisuke , Manthilake Geeth , Higo Yuji , Tange Yoshinori , Guignot Nicolas , King Andrew , Scheel Mario , Andrault Denis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThermochemical heterogeneities detected today in the Earth’s mantle could arise from ongoing partial melting in different mantle regions. A major open question, however, is the level of chemical stratification inherited from an early magma-ocean (MO) solidification. Here we show that the MO crystallized homogeneously in the deep mantle, but with chemical fractionation at depths around 1000 km and in the upper mantle. Our arguments are based on accurate measurements of the viscosity of melts with forsterite, enstatite and diopside compositions up to ~30 GPa and more than 3000 K at synchrotron X-ray facilities. Fractional solidification would induce the formation of a bridgmanite-enriched layer at ~1000 km depth. This layer may have resisted to mantle mixing by convection and cause the reported viscosity peak and anomalous dynamic impedance. On the other hand, fractional solidification in the upper mantle would have favored the formation of the first crust.
Blood-triggered generation of platinum nanoparticle functions as an anti-cancer agent
Authors: Zeng Xin , Sun Jie , Li Suping , Shi Jiyun , Gao Han , Sun Leong Wei , Wu Yiqi , Li Minghui , Liu Chengxin , Li Ping , Kong Jing , Wu Yi-Zhou , Nie Guangjun , Fu Yuming , Zhang Gen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSince the discovery of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in the 1960s, unknown toxicity, cost and the ethical hurdles of research in humans have hindered the translation of these NPs to clinical use. In this work, we demonstrate that Pt NPs with protein coronas are generated in vivo in human blood when a patient is treated with cisplatin. These self-assembled Pt NPs form rapidly, accumulate in tumors, and remain in the body for an extended period of time. Additionally, the Pt NPs are safe for use in humans and can act as anti-cancer agents to inhibit chemotherapy-resistant tumor growth by consuming intracellular glutathione and activating apoptosis. The tumor inhibitory activity is greatly amplified when the Pt NPs are loaded in vitro with the chemotherapeutic drug, daunorubicin, and the formulation is effective even in daunorubicin-resistant models. These in vivo-generated metal NPs represent a biocompatible drug delivery platform for chemotherapy resistant tumor treatment.
An all-optical technique enables instantaneous single-shot demodulation of images at high frequency
Authors: Panigrahi Swapnesh , Fade Julien , Agaisse Romain , Ramachandran Hema , Alouini Mehdi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh-frequency demodulation of wide area optical signals in a snapshot manner remains a technological challenge. If solved, it could open tremendous perspectives in 3D imaging, vibrometry, free-space communications, automated vision, or ballistic photon imaging in scattering media with numerous applications in smart autonomous vehicles and medical diagnosis. We present here a snapshot quadrature demodulation imaging technique, capable of estimating the amplitude and phase from a single acquisition, without synchronization of emitter and receiver, and with the added capability of continuous frequency tuning. This all-optical optimized setup comprises an electro-optic crystal acting as a fast sinusoidal optical transmission gate, and allows four quadrature image channels to be recorded simultaneously with any conventional camera. We report the design, experimental validation and examples of applications of such wide-field quadrature demodulating system that allowed snapshot demodulation of images with good spatial resolution and continuous frequency selectivity up to a few 100s of kilohertz.
Fingerprint of rice paddies in spatial–temporal dynamics of atmospheric methane concentration in monsoon Asia
Authors: Zhang Geli , Xiao Xiangming , Dong Jinwei , Xin Fengfei , Zhang Yao , Qin Yuanwei , Doughty Russell B. , Moore Berrien 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAgriculture (e.g., rice paddies) has been considered one of the main emission sources responsible for the sudden rise of atmospheric methane concentration (XCH4) since 2007, but remains debated. Here we use satellite-based rice paddy and XCH4data to investigate the spatial–temporal relationships between rice paddy area, rice plant growth, and XCH4in monsoon Asia, which accounts for ~87% of the global rice area. We find strong spatial consistencies between rice paddy area and XCH4and seasonal consistencies between rice plant growth and XCH4. Our results also show a decreasing trend in rice paddy area in monsoon Asia since 2007, which suggests that the change in rice paddy area could not be one of the major drivers for the renewed XCH4growth, thus other sources and sinks should be further investigated. Our findings highlight the importance of satellite-based paddy rice datasets in understanding the spatial–temporal dynamics of XCH4in monsoon Asia.
Unprecedented Fe delivery from the Congo River margin to the South Atlantic Gyre
Authors: Vieira Lúcia H. , Krisch Stephan , Hopwood Mark J. , Beck Aaron J. , Scholten Jan , Liebetrau Volker , Achterberg Eric P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRivers are a major supplier of particulate and dissolved material to the ocean, but their role as sources of bio-essential dissolved iron (dFe) is thought to be limited due to rapid, efficient Fe removal during estuarine mixing. Here, we use trace element and radium isotope data to show that the influence of the Congo River margin on surface Fe concentrations is evident over 1000 km from the Congo outflow. Due to an unusual combination of high Fe input into the Congo-shelf-zone and rapid lateral transport, the Congo plume constitutes an exceptionally large offshore dFe flux of 6.8 ± 2.3 × 108 mol year−1. This corresponds to 40 ± 15% of atmospheric dFe input into the South Atlantic Ocean and makes a higher contribution to offshore Fe availability than any other river globally. The Congo River therefore contributes significantly to relieving Fe limitation of phytoplankton growth across much of the South Atlantic.
HSP90A inhibition promotes anti-tumor immunity by reversing multi-modal resistance and stem-like property of immune-refractory tumors
Authors: Song Kwon-Ho , Oh Se Jin , Kim Suyeon , Cho Hanbyoul , Lee Hyo-Jung , Song Joon Seon , Chung Joon-Yong , Cho Eunho , Lee Jaeyoon , Jeon Seunghyun , Yee Cassian , Lee Kyung-Mi , Hewitt Stephen M. , Kim Jae-Hoon , Woo Seon Rang , Kim Tae Woo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising cancer treatment. However, the presence of immune-refractory tumor cells limits its clinical success by blocking amplification of anti-tumor immunity. Previously, we found that immune selection by immunotherapy drives the evolution of tumors toward multi-modal resistant and stem-like phenotypes via transcription induction of AKT co-activator TCL1A by NANOG. Here, we report a crucial role of HSP90A at the crossroads between NANOG-TCL1A axis and multi-aggressive properties of immune-edited tumor cells by identifying HSP90AA1 as a NANOG transcriptional target. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HSP90A potentiates AKT activation through TCL1A-stabilization, thereby contributing to the multi-aggressive properties in NANOGhigh tumor cells. Importantly, HSP90 inhibition sensitized immune-refractory tumor to adoptive T cell transfer as well as PD-1 blockade, and re-invigorated the immune cycle of tumor-reactive T cells. Our findings implicate that the HSP90A-TCL1A-AKT pathway ignited by NANOG is a central molecular axis and a potential target for immune-refractory tumor.
Systemic infection facilitates transmission of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice
Authors: Bachta Kelly E. R. , Allen Jonathan P. , Cheung Bettina H. , Chiu Cheng-Hsun , Hauser Alan R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHealth care-associated infections such asPseudomonas aeruginosabacteremia pose a major clinical risk for hospitalized patients. However, these systemic infections are presumed to be a “dead-end” forP. aeruginosaand to have no impact on transmission. Here, we use a mouse infection model to show thatP. aeruginosacan spread from the bloodstream to the gallbladder, where it replicates to extremely high numbers. Bacteria in the gallbladder can then seed the intestines and feces, leading to transmission to uninfected cage-mate mice. Our work shows that the gallbladder is crucial for spread ofP. aeruginosafrom the bloodstream to the feces during bacteremia, a process that promotes transmission in this experimental system. Further research is needed to test to what extent these findings are relevant to infections in patients.
Physical and behavioral adaptations to prevent overheating of the living wings of butterflies
Authors: Tsai Cheng-Chia , Childers Richard A. , Nan Shi Norman , Ren Crystal , Pelaez Julianne N. , Bernard Gary D. , Pierce Naomi E. , Yu Nanfang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe wings of Lepidoptera contain a matrix of living cells whose function requires appropriate temperatures. However, given their small thermal capacity, wings can overheat rapidly in the sun. Here we analyze butterfly wings across a wide range of simulated environmental conditions, and find that regions containing living cells are maintained at cooler temperatures. Diverse scale nanostructures and non-uniform cuticle thicknesses create a heterogeneous distribution of radiative cooling that selectively reduces the temperature of structures such as wing veins and androconial organs. These tissues are supplied by circulatory, neural and tracheal systems throughout the adult lifetime, indicating that the insect wing is a dynamic, living structure. Behavioral assays show that butterflies use wings to sense visible and infrared radiation, responding with specialized behaviors to prevent overheating of their wings. Our work highlights the physiological importance of wing temperature and how it is exquisitely regulated by structural and behavioral adaptations.
RNA proximity sequencing data and analysis pipeline from a human neuroblastoma nuclear transcriptome
Authors: Wingett Steven W. , Andrews Simon , Fraser Peter , Morf Jörg 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe have previously developed and described a method for measuring RNA co-locations within cells, called Proximity RNA-seq, which promises insights into RNA expression, processing, storage and translation. Here, we describe transcriptome-wide proximity RNA-seq datasets obtained from human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell nuclei. To aid future users of this method, we also describe and release our analysis pipeline, CloseCall, which maps cDNA to a custom transcript annotation and allocates cDNA-linked barcodes to barcode groups. CloseCall then performs Monte Carlo simulations on the data to identify pairs of transcripts, which are co-barcoded more frequently than expected by chance. Furthermore, derived co-barcoding frequencies for individual transcripts, dubbed valency, serve as proxies for RNA density or connectivity for that given transcript. We outline how this pipeline was applied to these sequencing datasets and openly share the processed data outputs and access to a virtual machine that runs CloseCall. The resulting data specify the spatial organization of RNAs and builds hypotheses for potential regulatory relationships between RNAs.
The majority of autosomal recessive nanophthalmos and posterior microphthalmia can be attributed to biallelic sequence and structural variants in MFRP and PRSS56
Authors: Almoallem Basamat , Arno Gavin , De Zaeytijd Julie , Verdin Hannah , Balikova Irina , Casteels Ingele , de Ravel Thomy , Hull Sarah , Suzani Martina , Destrée Anne , Peng Michelle , Williams Denise , Ainsworth John R. , Webster Andrew R. , Leroy Bart P. , Moore Anthony T. , De Baere Elfride 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to genetically and clinically characterize a unique cohort of 25 individuals from 21 unrelated families with autosomal recessive nanophthalmos (NNO) and posterior microphthalmia (MCOP) from different ethnicities. An ophthalmological assessment in all families was followed by targeted MFRP and PRSS56 testing in 20 families and whole-genome sequencing in one family. Three families underwent homozygosity mapping using SNP arrays. Eight distinct MFRP mutations were found in 10/21 families (47.6%), five of which are novel including a deletion spanning the 5′ untranslated region and the first coding part of exon 1. Most cases harbored homozygous mutations (8/10), while a compound heterozygous and a monoallelic genotype were identified in the remaining ones (2/10). Six distinct PRSS56 mutations were found in 9/21 (42.9%) families, three of which are novel. Similarly, homozygous mutations were found in all but one, leaving 2/21 families (9.5%) without a molecular diagnosis. Clinically, all patients had reduced visual acuity, hyperopia, short axial length and crowded optic discs. Retinitis pigmentosa was observed in 5/10 (50%) of the MFRP group, papillomacular folds in 12/19 (63.2%) of MCOP and in 3/6 (50%) of NNO cases. A considerable phenotypic variability was observed, with no clear genotype-phenotype correlations. Overall, our study represents the largest NNO and MCOP cohort reported to date and provides a genetic diagnosis in 19/21 families (90.5%), including the first MFRP genomic rearrangement, offering opportunities for gene-based therapies in MFRP-associated disease. Finally, our study underscores the importance of sequence and copy number analysis of the MFRP and PRSS56 genes in MCOP and NNO.
Annealing of ion tracks in apatite under pressure characterized in situ by small angle x-ray scattering
Authors: Schauries Daniel , Afra Boshra , Mota-Santiago Pablo , Trautmann Christina , Lang Maik , Ewing Rodney C. , Kirby Nigel , Kluth Patrick 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFission track thermochronology is routinely used to investigate the thermal history of sedimentary basins, as well as tectonic uplift and denudation rates. While the effect of temperature on fission track annealing has been studied extensively to calibrate the application of the technique, the effect of pressure during annealing is generally considered to be negligible. However, a previous study suggested elevated pressure results in a significantly different annealing behaviour that was previously unknown. Here, we present a method to study track annealing in situ under high pressure by using synchrotron-based small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). To simulate fission tracks in a controlled environment, ion tracks were created in apatite from Durango, Mexico using 2 GeV Au or Bi ions provided by an ion accelerator facility. Samples were annealed at 250 °C at approximately 1 GPa pressure using diamond anvil cells (DACs) with heating capabilities. Additional in situ annealing experiments at ambient pressure and temperatures between 320 and 390 °C were performed for comparison. At elevated pressure a significantly accelerated annealing rate of the tracks was observed compared with annealing at ambient pressure. However, when extrapolated to geologically relevant temperatures and pressures, the effects become very small. The measurement methodology presented provides a new avenue to study materials behaviour in extreme environments.
EasyPrimer: user-friendly tool for pan-PCR/HRM primers design. Development of an HRM protocol on wzi gene for fast Klebsiella pneumoniae typing
Authors: Perini Matteo , Piazza Aurora , Panelli Simona , Di Carlo Domenico , Corbella Marta , Gona Floriana , Vailati Francesca , Marone Piero , Cirillo Daniela Maria , Farina Claudio , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Comandatore Francesco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work we present EasyPrimer, a user-friendly online tool developed to assist pan-PCR and High Resolution Melting (HRM) primer design. The tool finds the most suitable regions for primer design in a gene alignment and returns a clear graphical representation of their positions on the consensus sequence. EasyPrimer is particularly useful in difficult contexts, e.g. on gene alignments of hundreds of sequences and/or on highly variable genes. HRM analysis is an emerging method for fast and cost saving bacterial typing and an HRM scheme of six primer pairs on five Multi-Locus Sequence Type (MLST) genes is already available for Klebsiella pneumoniae. We validated the tool designing a scheme of two HRM primer pairs on the hypervariable gene wzi of Klebsiella pneumoniae and compared the two schemes. The wzi scheme resulted to have a discriminatory power comparable to the HRM MLST scheme, using only one third of primer pairs. Then we successfully used the wzi HRM primer scheme to reconstruct a Klebsiella pneumoniae nosocomial outbreak in few hours. The use of hypervariable genes reduces the number of HRM primer pairs required for bacterial typing allowing to perform cost saving, large-scale surveillance programs.