bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing within household transmission of COVID-19: Is the provision of accommodation feasible and acceptable?
Authors: Denford Sarah , Morton Kate , Horwood Jeremy , Garang Rachel de , Yardley Lucy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWithin-household transmission of COVID-19 is responsible for a significant number of infections. The risk of within-household infection is greatly increased among those from Black Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) and low income communities. Efforts to protect these communities are urgently needed. The aim of this study is to explore the acceptability of the availability of accommodation to support isolation among at risk populations.MethodsOur study used a mixed methods design structured in two phases. In phase 1, we conducted a survey study of a sample of volunteers from our existing database of 300 individuals who had provided consent to be contacted about ongoing research projects into infection control. In phase 2, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 participants from BAME communities and low income communities recruited through social media.ResultsParticipants from the survey and interview phase of the study viewed the provision of accommodation as important and necessary. Factors influencing likely uptake of accommodation included perceived 1) vulnerability of household 2) exposure to the virus and 3) options for isolation at home. Barriers to accepting the offer of accommodation included 1) being able to isolate at home 2) wanting to be with family 3) caring responsibilities 4) concerns about mental wellbeing 5) upheaval of moving when ill and 6) concerns about infection control. Participants raised a series of issues that should be addressed before accommodation is offered. These included questions regarding who should use temporary accommodation and at what stage to effectively reduce transmission in the home, and how infection control in temporary accommodation would be managed.ConclusionThis research provides evidence that the provision of accommodation to prevent within household transmission of the virus is viewed as acceptable, feasible and necessary by many people who are concerned about infection transmission in the home. We explore ways in which accommodation might be offered. In particular, vulnerable members of the household could be protected if accommodation is offered to individuals who are informed through test trace and isolate that they have been in contact with the virus.
Problematic usage of the internet and eating disorders: a multifaceted, systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ioannidis Konstantinos , Taylor Charlotte , Holt Leah , Brown Kate , Lochner Christine , Fineberg Naomi A , Corazza Ornella , R Chamberlain Samuel , Roman-Urrestarazu Andres , Czabanowska Katarzyna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEating disorders are widespread illnesses with significant impact. There is growing concern about how those at risk of eating disorders overuse online resources to their detriment. We conducted a pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining Problematic Usage of the Internet (PUI) and eating disorders. The meta-analysis comprised n = 32,295 participants, in which PUI was correlated with significant eating disorder psychopathology Pearson r = 0.22 (s.e. = 0.04, p< 0.001), body dissatisfaction r = 0.16 (s.e. = 0.02, p< 0.001), drive-for-thinness r = 0.16 (s.e. = 0.04, p< 0.001) and dietary restraint r = 0.18 (s.e. = 0.03). Effects were not moderated by gender, PUI facet or study quality. Results are in support of PUI impacting significantly on vulnerable populations towards the development or maintenance of eating disorder psychopathology; males may be equally vulnerable to these potential effects. Prospective and experimental studies in the field suggest that small but significant effects exist and may have accumulative influence over time and across all age groups. Those findings are important to expand our understanding of PUI as a multifaceted concept and its impact on multiple levels of ascertainment of eating disorder psychopathology.
Left hemisphere lateralization of epileptic focus can be more frequent in temporal lobe epilepsy surgical patients with no consensus associated with depression lateralization
Authors: Radaelli Graciane , Majolo Fernanda , Leal-Conceição Eduardo , de Souza Santos Francisco , Escobar Vinícius , Zanirati Gabriele Goulart , Portuguez Mirna Wetters , Scorza Fulvio Alexandre , Costa Jaderson Costa da 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTTemporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is considered to be the most common form of epilepsy, and it has been seen that most patients are refractory to antiepileptic drugs. A strong association of this ailment has been established with psychiatric comorbidities, primarily mood and anxiety disorders. The side of epileptogenic may contribute to depressive and anxiety symptoms; thus, in this study, we performed a systematic review to evaluate the prevalence of depression in TLE in surgical patients. The literature search was performed using PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and PsycNET to gather data from inception until January 2019. The search strategy was related to temporal lobe epilepsy, depressive disorder and anxiety. After reading full texts, 14 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were screened. The main method utilized for psychiatric diagnosis was DSM/SCID. However, most studies failed to perform the neuropsychological evaluation. For those with lateralization of epileptic focus mostly occurred in the left hemisphere. For individual depressive diagnosis, nine studies were evaluated and five for anxiety. Therefore, from the data analyzed in both situations, no diagnosis was representative in preoperative and postoperative cases. In order to estimate the efficacy of surgery in the psychiatry episodes and its relation to seizure control, the risk of depression and anxiety symptoms in epileptic patients need to be determined before surgical procedures. Rigorous pre- and postoperative evaluation is essential for psychiatry conditions in patients with refractory epilepsy candidates for surgery.
Symptoms of depression can be more frequent in non-surgical patients with left lateralization of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A systematic review
Authors: Radaelli Graciane , Majolo Fernanda , Leal-Conceição Eduardo , Santos Francisco S. , Escobar Vinicius S. , Baroni Gislaine , Zanirati Gabriele G. , Portuguez Mirna W. , Scorza Fulvio A. , da Costa Jaderson C. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTConsidering that the side of epileptogenic focus is a factor that could contribute to depressive and anxiety symptoms, we propose a systematic review searching for the prevalence of depression in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in non-surgical patients. We performed a literature search in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and PsycNET for data from inception until January 2019. The terms “epilepsy, temporal lobe OR “epilepsy” AND “temporal” AND “lobe” OR “temporal lobe epilepsy” OR “temporal” AND “lobe” AND “epilepsy” AND “depressive disorder” OR “depressive” AND “disorder” OR “depressive disorder” OR “depression” OR “depression” OR “anxiety” OR “anxiety” were used in the search strategy. After screening titles and abstracts, only 32 articles met the inclusion criteria. DSM/SCID is the main method utilized to psychiatric diagnosis. The majority of the studies did not perform neuropsychological evaluation. From 24 studies, most clinic cases of lateralization of epileptic focus depression symptoms showed lateralization in the left hemisphere. Nine studies were evaluated for individual depressive diagnosis, therefore, the analyzed data does not present statistical significance between right and left hemispheres. This study shows mood disorders are prevalent in epileptic patients undergoing clinical treatment. However, to date there is no correlation between lateralization of epilepsy and the prevalence of mood disorders or cognitive impairment. Well-conducted studies are needed to establish the correlation between the epilepsy lateralization and mood disorders.
SARS-Cov-2 proliferation: an analytical aggregate-level model
Authors: Pitschel Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn intuitive mathematical model describing the virus proliferation is presented and its parameters estimated from time series of observed reported CoViD-19 cases in Germany. The model replicates the main essential characteristics of the proliferation in a stylized form, and thus can support the systematic reasoning about interventional measures (or their lifting) that were discussed during summer and which currently become relevant again in some countries. The model differs in form from elementary SIR models, but is contained in the general Kermack-McKendrick (1927) model. It is maintained that (compared to elementary SIR models) the model is more faithfully representing real proliferation at the instantaneous level, leading to overall more plausible association of model parameters to physical transmission and recovery parameters. The main policy-oriented results are that (1) mitigation measures imposed in March 2020 in Germany were absolutely necessary to avoid health care resource exhaustion, (2) fast response is key to containment in case of renewed outbreaks. Two model generalizations aiming to better represent the true infectiousness profile and aiming to incorporate recurring susceptibility are stated and numerical results for the latter are presented.
Lockdown, relaxation, and ACME period in COVID-19: A study of disease dynamics in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Tocto-Erazo Mayra R. , Espíndola-Zepeda Jorge A. , Montoya-Laos José A. , Acuña-Zegarra Manuel A. , Olmos-Liceaga Daniel , Reyes-Castro Pablo A. , Figueroa-Preciado Gudelia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLockdown and social distancing measures have been implemented for many countries to mitigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and prevent overwhelming of health services. However, success on this strategy depends not only on the timing of its implementation, but also on the relaxation measures adopted within each community. We developed a mathematical model to evaluate the impacts of the lockdown implemented in Hermosillo, Mexico. We compared this intervention with some hypothetical ones, varying the starting date and also the population proportion that is released, breaking the confinement. A Monte Carlo study was performed by considering three scenarios to define our baseline dynamics. Results showed that a hypothetical delay of two weeks, on the lockdown measures, would result in an early ACME around May 9 for hospitalization prevalence and an increase on cumulative deaths, 42 times higher by May 31, when compared to baseline. On the other hand, results concerning relaxation dynamics showed that the ACME levels depend on the proportion of people who gets back to daily activities as well as the individual behavior with respect to prevention measures. Analysis regarding different relaxing mitigation measures were provided to the Sonoran Health Ministry, as requested. It is important to stress that, according to information provided by health authorities, the ACME occurring time was closed to the one given by our model. Hence, we considered that our model resulted useful for the decision-making assessment, and that an extension of it can be used for the study of a potential second wave.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus in Kuwait
Authors: Alshukry Abdullah , Abbas Mohammad Bu , Ali Yaseen , Alahmad Barrak , Al-Shammari Abdullah A. , Alhamar Ghadeer , Abu-Farha Mohammad , AbuBaker Jehad , Devarajan Sriraman , Dashti Ali A. , Al-Mulla Fahd , Ali Hamad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 has a highly variable clinical presentation, ranging from asymptomatic to severe respiratory symptoms and death. Diabetes seems to be one of the main comorbidities contributing to a worse COVID-19 outcome.ObjectiveIn here we analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of diabetic COVID-19 patients Kuwait.MethodsIn this single-center, retrospective study of 417 consecutive COVID-19 patients, we analyze and compare disease severity, outcome, associated complications, and clinical laboratory findings between diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 patients.ResultsCOVID-19 patients with diabetes had more ICU admission than non-diabetic COVID-19 patients (20.1% vs. 16.8%, p<0.001). Diabetic COVID-19 patients also recorded higher mortality in comparison to non-diabetic COVID-19 patients (16.7% vs. 12.1%, p<0.001). Diabetic COVID-19 patients had significantly higher prevalence of comorbidities, such as hypertension. Laboratory investigations also highlighted notably higher levels of C-reactive protein in diabetic COVID019 patients and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. They also showed a higher incidence of complications. logistic regression analysis showed that every 1 mmol/L increase in fasting blood glucose in COVID-19 patients is associated with 1.52 (95% CI: 1.34 – 1.72, p<0.001) times the odds of dying from COVID-19.ConclusionDiabetes is a major contributor to worsening outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Understanding the pathophysiology underlining these findings could provide insight into better management and improved outcome of such cases.Highlights of the StudyA significantly higher proportion of COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus required admission to the ICU.Higher fasting blood glucose was associated with higher risk of COVID-19 associated mortality.COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus had significantly higher incidence of complications including sepsis, ARDS, cardiac failure and renal failure.
Effects of an urban sanitation intervention on childhood enteric infection and diarrhea in Maputo, Mozambique: a controlled before-and-after trial
Authors: Knee Jackie , Sumner Trent , Adriano Zaida , Anderson Claire , Bush Farran , Capone Drew , Casmo Veronica , Holcomb David , Kolsky Pete , Macdougall Amy , Molotkova Evgeniya , Braga Judite Monteiro , Russo Celina , Schmidt Wolf Peter , Stewart Jill , Zambrana Winnie , Zuin Valentina , Nalá Rassul , Cumming Oliver , Brown Joe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe conducted a controlled before-and-after trial to evaluate the impact of an onsite urban sanitation intervention on the prevalence of enteric infection, soil transmitted helminth re-infection, and diarrhea among children in Maputo, Mozambique. A non-governmental organization replaced existing poor-quality latrines with pour-flush toilets with septic tanks serving household clusters. We enrolled children aged 1-48 months at baseline and measured outcomes before and 12 and 24 months after the intervention, with concurrent measurement among children in a comparable control arm. Despite nearly exclusive use, we found no evidence that intervention affected the prevalence of any measured outcome after 12 or 24 months of exposure. Among children born into study sites after intervention, we observed a reduced prevalence of Trichuris and Shigella infection relative to the same age group at baseline (<2 years old). Protection from birth may be important to reduce exposure to and infection with enteric pathogens in this setting.
Feasibility of satellite image and GIS sampling for population representative surveys: A case study from rural Guatemala
Authors: Miller Ann C. , Rohloff Peter , Blake Alexandre , Dhaenens Eloin , Shaw Leah , Tuiz Eva , Grandesso Francesco , Montano Carlos Mendoza , Thomson Dana R 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPopulation-representative household survey methods require up-to-date sampling frames and sample designs that minimize time and cost of fieldwork especially in low- and middle-income countries. Traditional methods such as multi-stage cluster sampling, random-walk, or spatial sampling can be cumbersome, costly or inaccurate, leading to well-known biases. However, a new tool, Epicentre’s Geo-Sampler program, allows simple random sampling of structures, which can eliminate some of these biases. We describe the study design process, experiences and lessons learned using Geo-Sampler for selection of a population representative sample for a kidney disease survey in two sites in Guatemala.ResultsWe successfully used Epicentre’s Geo-sampler tool to sample 650 structures in two semi-urban Guatemalan communities. Overall, 82% of sampled structures were residential and could be approached for recruitment. Sample selection could be conducted by one person after 30 minutes of training. The process from sample selection to creating field maps took approximately 40 hours.ConclusionIn combination with our design protocols, the Epicentre Geo-Sampler tool provided a feasible, rapid and lower-cost alternative to select a representative population sample for a prevalence survey in our semi-urban Guatemalan setting. The tool may work less well in settings with heavy arboreal cover or densely populated urban settings with multiple living units per structure. Similarly, while the method is an efficient step forward for including non-traditional living arrangements (people residing permanently or temporarily in businesses, religious institutions or other structures), it does not account for some of the most marginalized and vulnerable people in a population—the unhoused, street dwellers or people living in vehicles.
Cohort profile: COVID-19 in a cohort of pregnant women and their descendants, the MOACC-19 study
Authors: Llorca Javier , Lechosa-Muñiz Carolina , Gortázar Pilar , Fernández-Ortiz María , Jubete Yolanda , Cabero María J. ,   the MOACC-19 group, Alonso-Molero Jéssica , Arozamena Bárbara , Conde-Gil Laura , del Río Elsa Cornejo , Cuesta-González Rocío , Dierssen-Sotos Trinidad , de Zulueta Pelayo Frank , Gómez-Acebo Inés , Llano-Ruiz Coral , Lasarte-Oria Lorena , López-Gómez Sonia , Mateo-Sota Sonia , Orallo Victoria , Pardo Rosa , Pérez González Daniel , de Adana Herrero María Sáez 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTPurposeThe Mother and Child Covid-19 study is a cohort recruiting pregnant women and their children in Cantabria, North of Spain, during COVID-19 pandemic in order to ascertain Consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant women and their descendants. This article reports the cohort profile and preliminary results as recruitment is still open.ParticipantsThree sub-cohorts can be identified at recruitment. Sub-cohort 1 includes women giving birth between 23rd March and 25th May 2020; they have been retrospectively recruited and could have been exposed to COVID-19 only in their third trimester of pregnancy. Sub-cohort 2 includes women giving birth from 26th May 2020 on; they are being prospectively recruited and could have been exposed to COVID-19 in both their second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Sub-cohort 3 includes women in their 12th week of pregnancy prospectively recruited from 26th May 2020 on; they could have been exposed to COVID-19 anytime in their pregnancy. All women are being tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection using both RT-PCR for RNA detection and ELISA for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. All neonates are being tested for antibodies using immunochemoluminiscency tests; if the mother is tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, a naso-pharyngeal swab is also obtained from the child for RT-PCR analysis.Findings to dateAs of 22nd October, 1167 women have been recruited (266, 354 and 547 for sub-cohorts 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Fourteen women tested positive to SARS-CoV-2 RNA by the day of delivery. All fourteen children born from these women tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.Future plansChildren from women included in sub-cohort 3 are expected to be recruited by the end of 2020. Children will be followed-up for one year in order to ascertain the effect that COVID-19 on their development.ARTICLE SUMMARYStrengths and limitationsStrengthsThis cohort would ascertain the effect of COVID-19 in both mother and children whatever the trimester of the infection.It would also compare health care provided to pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic with that provided in the same hospital before the emergence of COVID-19.The cohort is recruited in Spain, one of the developed countries earlier and more affected by COVID-19.LimitationsThe study could be underpowered according to the prevalence reported in a Spanish national study.Information regarding exposure to people infected by SARS-CoV-2 or risk activities is self-reported.
Automatic analysis system of COVID-19 radiographic lung images (XrayCoviDetector)
Authors: Schlotterbeck Nicolas , Montoya Carlos E. , Bitar Patricia , Fuentes Jorge A. , Dinamarca Victor , Rojas Gonzalo M. , Galvez Marcelo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 is a pandemic infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, having reached more than 210 countries and territories. It produces symptoms such as fever, dry cough, dyspnea, fatigue, pneumonia, and radiological manifestations.The most common reported RX and CT findings include lung consolidation and ground-glass opacities.In this paper, we describe a machine learning-based system (XrayCoviDetector; until the image has a size www.covidetector.net), that detects automatically, the probability that a thorax radiological image includes COVID-19 lung patterns.XrayCoviDetector has an accuracy of 0.93, a sensitivity of 0.96, and a specificity of 0.90.
COVID-19 Risk Perception Among U.S. Adults: Changes from February to May 2020
Authors: Malik Amyn A. , McFadden SarahAnn M. , Elharake Jad A. , Genevieve Aguolu Obianuju , Shafiq Mehr , Omer Saad B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to detrimentally impact the United States. Using a survey, we collected demographic and COVID-19 risk perception, behavior, knowledge, and attitude data from 672 adults across the U.S. in May 2020. These variables were compared with the results from a survey in February 2020. Participants who were older (55+ years; M = 6.3, SD = 2.0), identified as Native American/Alaska Native (M = 6.8, SD = 1.0) or Asian (M = 6.0, SD = 2.0), and those who had contracted (M = 6.8, SD = 2.0) or knew someone who had contracted COVID-19 (M = 6.2, SD = 1.7) reported higher perceived risk. Health behaviors, such as physical distancing, have shown to impact infectious disease trajectories. As the U.S. reopens its economy, public health officials and politicians must formulate culturally appropriate and evidence-based messaging and policies, based on the public’s COVID-19 risk perceptions, to encourage preventive behaviors.
Impact of Duration of Cessation of Mass BCG Vaccination Programs on COVID-19 Mortality
Authors: Raham Tareef Fadhil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBack groundBCG have heterogeneous immunity to certain pathogens other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis effect. At early times during COVID-19 pandemic heterogeneous immunity towards (SARS-CoV-2), was hypothesized and statistical correlation between of BCG vaccination practices and COVID-19 mortality variances among countries was statistically proved. These studies were criticized because of low evidence of such studies and possible confounding factors. For that reason, this study was designed to look for impact of duration of cessation of BCG programs on COVID-19 mortality looking for the hypotheses by different design and looking forward to support previous studies.MethodsTotal number of studied group is 14 countries which had stopped BCG vaccination programs.Through applying stem-leaf plot for exploring data screening behavior concerning COVID-19Mortality for obsolescence duration of cessation of mass BCG vaccination programs, as well as (nonlinear regression of compound model) for predicted shape behavior for that group.ResultsSlope value shows highly significant effectiveness of obsolescence of cessation of mass BCG vaccination programs on COVID-19 mortality at P-value<0.000. Obsolescence of duration of cessation of mass BCG vaccination programs has strong negative association with COVID-19 mortality in countries which stopped BCG vaccination programs.ConclusiaonThe longer the cessation duration of BCG programs, the higher the COVID-19mortality is, and vice versa.