bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is child weight status correctly reported to parents? Cross-sectional analysis of National Child Measurement Programme data using ethnic-specific BMI adjustments
Authors: Firman Nicola , Boomla Kambiz , Hudda Mohammed T , Robson John , Whincup Peter , Dezateux Carol 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
BMI underestimates and overestimates body fat in children from South Asian and Black ethnic groups, respectively.

Methods
We used cross-sectional NCMP data (2015–17) for 38 270 children in three inner-London local authorities: City & Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets (41% South Asian, 18.8% Black): 20 439 4–5 year-olds (48.9% girls) and 17 831 10–11 year-olds (49.1% girls). We estimated the proportion of parents who would have received different information about their child’s weight status, and the area-level prevalence of obesity—defined as ≥98th centile—had ethnic-specific BMI adjustments been employed in the English National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP).

Results
Had ethnic-specific adjustment been employed, 19.7% (3112/15 830) of parents of children from South Asian backgrounds would have been informed that their child was in a heavier weight category, and 19.1% (1381/7217) of parents of children from Black backgrounds would have been informed that their child was in a lighter weight category. Ethnic-specific adjustment increased obesity prevalence from 7.9% (95% CI: 7.6, 8.3) to 9.1% (8.7, 9.5) amongst 4–5 year-olds and from 17.5% (16.9, 18.1) to 18.8% (18.2, 19.4) amongst 10–11 year-olds.

Conclusions
Ethnic-specific adjustment in the NCMP would ensure equitable categorization of weight status, provide correct information to parents and support local service provision for families.
A participatory method to assess the contribution of agricultural research to societal changes in developing countries
Authors: Faure Guy , Blundo-Canto Genowefa , Devaux-Spatarakis Agathe , Le Guerroué Jean Louis , Mathé Syndhia , Temple Ludovic , Toillier Aurélie , Triomphe Bernard , Hainzelin Etienne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOver the last decade, societal pressure has increased on public research agencies to provide evidence that their research contributes to achieve development goals. To address this challenge, the French Agricultural Research Center for International Development (Cirad), developed an ex-post impact assessment method based on the impact pathway approach, called Impact of Research in the South (ImpresS). The reconstruction of the impact pathway identifies and assesses research outputs, outcomes, and impacts on development over long-time spans, taking into account the contribution of other stakeholders, projects, and contextual factors. By applying mixed methods and participatory approaches, ImpresS involves key actors in assessing the contribution of research to impacts in innovation processes. Such a participatory approach raises, however, questions about the advantages and disadvantages of participation in impact assessment. This article examines whether and how participation affects the results of an evaluation and the methodological challenges this poses. The analysis is based on 13 case studies covering different innovation processes, countries, and time spans. The main results show that participation, combined with triangulation of information including quantitative and qualitative data, strengthens the explanation of the causal relationships among outputs, outcomes, and impacts. It helps reveal a large and diversified list of impacts based on the perception of actors, especially uncovering positive and negative impacts unexpected by researchers. However, participation may render other impacts less visible, especially those related to environmental and political issues. Furthermore, participatory evaluation entangles challenges linked to expectations, divergent perceptions, power dynamics, and social inequality, which must be carefully addressed to provide robust and transparent evaluation results.
RADIOMETRIC SURVEY OF THE TYAA RIVER SAND MINE IN KITUI, KENYA
Authors: Matsitsi S M , Linturi J M , Kebwaro J M , Kirago L M 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGamma spectroscopic analyses of sand and rock samples from Tyaa River report an average activity concentration of 33 ± 1, 55 ± 2.8 and 812 ± 40.46 Bqkg−1 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively in the sand. A similar analysis of rock samples reveals a mean of 21 ± 2.47, 49 ± 2.47 and 782 ± 39.13 Bqkg−1 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. The absorbed dose rate in rocks averaged 75 ± 3.78 nGyh−1, while in the sand was 86.2 ± 4.31 nGyh−1. The ranges and mean radiological hazard indices (radium equivalent, internal and external) were within the permissible limits and the use of sand and rocks from this mine as construction material pose no health risks. Correlation analysis between the radioactivity in the sand and rocks reveals weak non-linear positive relationships suggesting that they might be from different bedrocks.
Self-Care in an Interprofessional Setting Providing Services to Detained Immigrants with Serious Mental Health Conditions
Authors: Cartwright Hannah C , Hope Megan E , Pleasants Gregory L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The authors are social workers and lawyers in an interprofessional setting providing legal and social services to detained immigrants in deportation proceedings who have serious mental health conditions. Drawing on direct experience working in the setting, as well as survey responses and feedback from other involved providers, the authors (a) identify barriers to self-care for social workers and lawyers that prevent them from effectively addressing the effects of secondary trauma; (b) propose a relationship-centered framework that, as an alternative to individualized practices of self-care, serves as a way to overcome those barriers; and (c) apply that framework to a case example from their interprofessional setting. The authors advocate for a relationship-centered, recovery-based approach to self-care to manage trauma exposure responses for social workers and lawyers in their specific interprofessional setting and for those working together in similar settings.
Congenital Malaria in Newborns Delivered to Mothers with Malaria-Infected Placenta in Blue Nile State, Sudan
Authors: Omer Samia A , Adam Ishag , Noureldien Ali , Elhaj Hadeel , Guerrero-Latorre Laura , Silgado Aroa , Sulleiro Elena , Molina Israel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDiagnosis of congenital malaria is complicated by the low density of the parasite circulating in the cord blood and/or the peripheral blood of the newborns. Molecular techniques are significantly more sensitive than blood smears in detecting low-level parasitemia. This study investigated the prevalence of congenital malaria by the use of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) in 102 babies born to mothers with microscopically confirmed infected placenta from Blue Nile state, Sudan. At delivery time, placental, maternal peripheral and cord blood samples in addition to samples collected from the newborns’ peripheral blood were examined for malaria infection using Giemsa-stained thick smear and parasite DNA detection by real-time PCR. The overall prevalence of congenital malaria includes the total babies with cord blood parasitaemia and peripheral blood parasitaemia was 18.6 and 56.8% using microscopy and real-time PCR, respectively. Even though all the neonates were aparasitaemic by microscopy, 19 (18.6%) of the babies had congenital malaria detected by real-time PCR, 15 (25.9%) of the babies with congenital malaria were born to mothers with both placental and peripheral blood malaria infections detected using the two techniques. Congenital malaria was significantly associated with cord blood malaria infections, maternal age and maternal haemoglobin level (p &lt; 0.001). This first study investigating congenital malaria in Blue Nile state, Sudan shows that malaria-infected placenta resulted in infant and cord blood infections.
Subnational operationalization of One Health: lessons from the establishment of One Health rapid response teams in Tanzania
Authors: Mtui-Malamsha Niwael , Assenga Justine , Swai Emmanuel , Msemwa Faraja , Makungu Selemani , Chinyuka Harrison , Bernard Jubilate , Sallu Raphael , OleNeselle Moses , Ponsiano Elias , Kazwala Rudovick , Kimera Sharadhuli , Nonga Hezron , Folorunso Fasina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In 2018, Tanzania launched the One Health Coordination Desk (OHCD) in a country that operates a centralized public health system with limited privatization. In contrast, the animal health system is decentralized, with huge reliance on privatization. Subnational level implementation of health services are sometimes at odds with national-level planning due to inherent challenges. To bridge these gaps, One Health rapid response teams (OHRRTs) were set up and pilot tested in selected districts and regions of Tanzania. These teams serve the community directly through the delivery of community-oriented One Health activities. We discuss the OHRRT set-up process as an example of good practice for adoption in developing economies.
Symptom relief and palliative care in gynecologic oncology
Authors: Roy Mohana , Ramchandran Kavitha 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
Patients with gynecologic malignancies experience varied and often difficult-to-manage symptoms through their disease course, along with decisions surrounding preferences for advance care planning. This review focuses on evidence-based symptom management for these patients and offers a framework for conversations regarding goals of therapy.

Recent findings
There is increasing literature on palliative care specifically in gynecologic oncology, including barriers and possible solutions for early palliative care use, along with updated guidelines on postoperative pain management and tools for communication.

Summary
Integration of early palliative care and focus on symptom management is an important and multidisciplinary approach to help patients with gynecologic malignancies.
Aldosterone-potassium ratio predicts primary aldosteronism subtype
Authors: Puar Troy H. , Loh Wann J. , Lim Dawn ST , Loh Lih M. , Zhang Meifen , Foo Roger S. , Lee Lynette , Swee Du S. , Khoo Joan , Tay Donovan , Kam Jia W. , Dekkers Tanja , Velema Marieke , Deinum Jaap , Kek Peng C. 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
Prediction models have been developed to predict either unilateral or bilateral primary aldosteronism, and these have not been validated externally. We aimed to develop a simplified score to predict both subtypes and validate this externally.

Methods:
Our development cohort was taken from 165 patients who underwent adrenal vein sampling (AVS) in two Asian tertiary centres. Unilateral disease was determined using both AVS and postoperative outcome. Multivariable analysis was used to construct prediction models. We validated our tool in a European cohort of 97 patients enrolled in the SPARTACUS trial who underwent AVS. Previously published prediction models were also tested in our cohorts.

Results:
Backward stepwise logistic regression analysis yielded a final tool using baseline aldosterone-to-lowest-potassium ratio (APR, ng/dl/mmol/l), with an area under receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.80 (95% CI 0.70–0.89). In the Asian development cohort, probability of bilateral disease was 90.0% (with APR <5) and probability of unilateral disease was 91.4% (with APR >15). Similar results were seen in the European validation cohort. Combining both cohorts, probability of bilateral disease was 76.7% (with APR <5), and probability for unilateral was 91.7% (with APR >15). Other models had similar predictive ability but required more variables, and were less sensitive for identifying bilateral PA.

Conclusion:
The novel aldosterone-to-lowest-potassium ratio is a convenient score to guide clinicians and patients of various ethnicities on the probability of primary aldosteronism subtype. Using APR to identify patients more likely to benefit from AVS may be a cost-effective strategy to manage this common condition.
Analysis of Risk Factors in Occupational Accidents in Brazil
Authors: Monteiro Ferreira Marcelo José , Silveira Correa Francisco Gustavo , Lacerda Eliana Mattos , Hajat Shakoor , de Araújo Larissa Fortunato 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
To investigate the association of occupational risks factors, including specific work characteristics with the occurrence of accidents at workplace and on the way to work in Brazil.

Methods:
We used a cross-sectional study design with comparison groups, to inquire data from 47,629 participants of the Brazilian National Health Survey. Logistic regression analysis was performed for distinct multivariate models.

Results:
Exposure to intense noise, biological materials, work experience of 40 years or more, and intense physical exertion were significantly associated with accidents at work. Regarding to accidents on the way to work, exposure to intense noise and performing work activities that require intense physical exertion remained associated.

Conclusion:
This study contributes to highlight the effects of multiple work-related risk factors on the occurrence of occupational accidents at the workplace and on the way to work in Brazil.
The Impact of Oral Health on Work Performance of Japanese Workers
Authors: Zaitsu Takashi , Saito Tomoya , Oshiro Akiko , Fujiwara Takeo , Kawaguchi Yoko 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between oral health and work performance measured as absenteeism and presenteeism.

Methods:
Study participants were employees (mean age: 42.7 ± 11.4 years) of 11 companies in Japan. Oral examination and self-administered questionnaires provided information on industrial category, work schedule, work performance (absenteeism and presenteeism), and smoking status.

Results:
The proportion of absenteeism (2.7%) or presenteeism (6.8%) of workers caused by oral health problems was low. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of absenteeism due to oral health problems was not significantly related to occupation or oral health status. However, the risk of presenteeism caused by oral health problems was 2.01 (95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 3.92) times higher among participants with periodontitis.

Conclusions:
Periodontal disease is associated with presenteeism of workers. It is considered that the periodontal disease countermeasure in the workplace should be provided.
Toward Easy and Rapid Bronchial Occlusion With an Endobronchial Watanabe Spigot
Authors: Mizumori Yasuyuki , Nakahara Yasuharu , Hirata Nobuya , Hiraoka Ryota , Kominami Ryota , Hirano Katsuya , Hanaoka Kenji , Katsuda Rinko , Miyake Kohei , Kawamura Tetsuji 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Bronchial occlusion using an endobronchial Watanabe spigot (EWS) is reportedly effective for intractable bronchopleural fistula. Here, we describe a rapid and easy method for bronchial occlusion using a guide sheath (GS) and curette.

Methods:
Thirty consecutive patients who underwent bronchial occlusion under mild sedation between October 2014 and February 2018 were enrolled. The devices used were a flexible bronchoscope (BF-1T260 or BF-1TQ290), GS (SG-201C; with 30 mm of the proximal end cutaway), and a CC-4CR-1 curette (all supplied by Olympus Ltd). The curette was inserted into the GS with the tip of the curette exposed outside the GS. The curette and GS were inserted into the bronchoscope. The EWS attached to the curette tip was inserted into the target bronchus and left in position by pulling the curette back through the GS while pushing the EWS with the GS under the bronchoscopic view. The success rate and procedure time were recorded.

Results:
Bronchial occlusion with an EWS was performed on 143 target bronchi (2 to 9 bronchi/patient). The bronchial occlusion success rate was 98.6%. The median procedure time for bronchial occlusion per EWS on video recordings of the 10 most recent procedures was 110 (range, 40 to 521) seconds. The target bronchial occlusion success rate was 100%. This method enabled easy insertion of the EWS, even in the sharply branching upper lobe bronchus. No complications were observed.

Conclusion:
Bronchial occlusion using a GS and curette is a rapid and easy technique even in a sharply branching target bronchus.
Preoperative biometric measurements with anterior segment optical coherence tomography and prediction of postoperative intraocular lens position
Authors: Yoo Young-Sik , Whang Woong-Joo , Kim Hyun-Seung , Joo Choun-Ki , Yoon Geunyoung 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biometric parameters of crystalline lens components and to find effective factors for predicting postoperative intraocular lens (IOL) position. This retrospective study included 97 eyes from 97 patients with a mean age of 63.00 ± 12.38 (SD) years. The biometric measurements were performed by means of a 3-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT) device. Specifically, anterior chamber depth (ACD), aqueous depth (AD), lens thickness (LT), lens meridian parameter (LMP), white-to-white diameters (WTW), anterior segment length (ASL), the anterior part of lens (aLT), and the posterior part of lens (pLT) were measured. Additionally, axial length (AL) and corneal radius (CR) were measured by the partial coherence interferometry. Ninety-seven eyes were divided into thin lens group (LT < 4.5 mm) and thick lens group (LT ≥ 4.5 mm). The differences between the above two groups were also analyzed. Postoperative IOL position was measured by 3D-OCT at 3 months postoperatively and regression formulas for predicting postoperative IOL position were developed by various combinations of preoperative factors. As lens thickened, ACD and AD became shallow (all P < .001). AD, ACD, ASL, aLT, and pLT showed statistically significant differences between two subgroups classified on the basis of LT (all P < .001). Meanwhile, the value obtained by subtracting aLT from pLT did not show any association with the other biometric measurements. The combination of ACD, aLT, pLT, AL, CR, and WTW showed the highest correlation with postoperative IOL position (R
2 = 0.536, P < .001). In conclusion, pLT–aLT was an independent factor not affected by any other variables and did not show significant difference between thin lens group and thick lens group. The subdivision of the lens structure using 3D-OCT helps to predict postoperative IOL position.
McCune Albright syndrome is a genetic predisposition to intraductal papillary and mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas associated pancreatic cancer in relation with GNAS somatic mutation – a case report
Authors: Gaujoux Sébastien , Pasmant Eric , Silve Caroline , Mehsen-Cetre Nadia , Coriat Romain , Rouquette Alexandre , Douset Bertrand , Prat Frédéric , Leroy Karen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Intraductal papillary and mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMN) are preneoplastic lesions diagnosed with an increasing incidence. Recently, several groups have described, in up to 70% of IPMN, activating mutations of the G-protein alpha stimulatory sub-unit (Gsα subunit) gene (GNAS). GNAS-activating somatic, post-zygotic, mutations are also associated with McCune-Albright syndrome (MCAS) characterized by fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, and café-au-lait spots.

Patient concerns:
We herein report a patient with McCune Albright Syndrome that presented with malignant IPMN and underwent pancreatic resection.

Diagnoses and interventions:
Leucocyte and duodenum juice DNA analysis, endoscopically collected from secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice revealed the same (GNAS) activating mutation also found in the invasive pancreatic colloid adenocarcinoma arising from intestinal subtype IPMN.

Outcomes:
Thirty months after surgery, the patient was alive with recurrence (bone only metastasis).

Lessons:
In this observation, we show that MCAS should be view as a new genetic predisposition to IPMN associated pancreatic cancer, and consequently a targeted screening in this high-risk population might be proposed.
Two case reports
Authors: Niu Zihan , Meng Hua , Zhang Xiaoyan , Ouyang Yunshu , Zhang Yixiu , Wu Xining 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
The significant ultrasonic characteristics of amniotic band syndrome (ABS) are the malformations of fetal affected parts and the band—like echoes in amniotic cavity. This article first suggests that the fetal hand adhered to umbilical cord with restricted movement provides some values in the diagnosis of ABS in early gestational weeks especially when the fetal malformation is not obvious and amniotic band is thin and fine.

Patient concerns:
Two pregnant women had no discomfort and underwent routine ultrasound examination at 11 to 14 gestational weeks.

Diagnosis:
Only the fetal hand adhered to umbilical cord with restricted movement was detected during the first ultrasound examination at 11∼14 gestational weeks, and the floating band-like echos were detected in the amniotic cavity with follow-up examinations 2 to 3 weeks later. Both of the 2 fetus were diagnosed as ABS by ultrasound

Interventions:
The two pregnant women underwent the prenatal counseling and were recommended closely follow-up and further examination.

Outcomes:
Two fetuses died in utero between 17 and 19 weeks. After induction of labor, it was found that the hands and umbilical cord of the fetuses were wrapped by amniotic bands, which was proved pathologically as ABS.

Lessons:
The adhesion of the fetal hand and umbilical cord is an important ultrasonic sign suggesting ABS with poor prognosis in early pregnancy. We hope that this study can provide some guidance for the early diagnosis of ABS during 11 to 14 week's ultrasound examination.
Concomitant lung adenocarcinoma and pulmonary cryptococcosis confirmed by pathologic examinations
Authors: Huang Jinbao , Lan Changqing , Li Hongyan , Chen Shuxing , Lin Qinghua , Weng Heng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To describe the characteristics of concomitant lung cancer and pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) cases.
A total of 8 patients with lung cancer and coexisting PC, who were admitted to Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital of Fujian from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2015 and whose diagnoses were confirmed by pathological examinations, were studied.
One patient had a history of diabetes mellitus and 1 had a history of treated with surgery. The lesions in 7 cases manifested as nodular shadows; only 1 case showed the lesion of the 2 diseases mergedmixed together, and it manifested as a large flake-like infiltrated shadow in the same lobe. The histological type in all of the patients was lung adenocarcinoma. Lung cancer stage was advanced (III–IV) in 25.0% of the cases. The 5 patients who received surgery and drug treatment are presently healthy following resection. Recurrence and metastasis of lung cancer following surgery occurred in 2 patients in whom the tumor was controlled again after anti-tumor treatment. One patient with advanced lung cancer and PC was treated with antifungal therapy in combination with antineoplastic chemotherapy, but she failed to improve and died 10 months after symptom onset during the follow-up period.
PC coexisting with pulmonary carcinoma is rare. PC can manifest as pulmonary nodules and mimic malignant lesions, so it must be considered during a differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules, especially in immunosuppressed patients.