bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rotation on Leakage and Windage Heating in Labyrinth Seals With Honeycomb Lands
Authors: Nayak Kali Charan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
One of the basic assumptions of the traditional labyrinth seal leakage calculation is that rotation has minimal or no effect on seal leakage. With the advancement of gas turbine technology, to achieve high performance, seals are run at tight clearances and very high rotational speeds. Due to tight clearances and high speeds, the temperature rise across the seal can be very significant in reducing the seal flow due to the Raleigh line effect. The influence of rotation on the flow dynamics inside the seal region has not previously been studied in detail. In this study the effect of rotation is studied for smooth and honeycomb cells at various seal clearances and rotational speeds. The main objective of this study is to understand the influence of rotation on seal leakage. However, the effect of rotation on swirl and windage heating is also investigated. For this study, the author leveraged the validated 3D computational fluid dynamics methodology for a stationary and rotating labyrinth from previous studies. However, before performing studies on rotation, the numerical modeling approach is benchmarked against experimental data on rotation with smooth stator lands by Waschka et al. The numerical predictions show good agreement with the experimental data. As the rotational speed increases, seal discharge coefficient remains constant until a critical rotational speed is reached. This critical speed is shown to depend non-dimensionally on the ratio of Taylor number to Reynolds number (Ta/Re). As Ta/Re increases above 0.1, seal discharge coefficient can reduce by up to 25% depending on the seal clearance, fin tip speed, and honeycomb cell size.
Maternal and newborn outcomes of antenatal breastmilk expression: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Foudil-Bey Imane , Murphy Malia SQ , Keely Erin J , El-Chaâr Darine 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionMothers with diabetes face unique challenges associated with breastfeeding initiation and maintenance. Antenatal breastmilk expression (BME) may be suggested to mothers, including mothers with diabetes, to improve breastfeeding, maternal, and infant outcomes postpartum. However, there have been few evaluations of the potential harms and benefits of this practice. The objective of our scoping review will be to broadly examine the literature describing maternal and infant outcomes of antenatal BME.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will address the research question: ‘Among women who engaged in antenatal BME, what maternal and infant outcomes have been evaluated?’ A search of published and unpublished studies available in English will be conducted in February 2020 using the following databases: Medline (OVID), Embase (OVID), CINAHL (EBSCOHost), and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (OVID). A search of the British Library E-Theses Online Services (EThOS) database and OpenGrey will be conducted to identify relevant grey literature. This scoping review will use a five-step framework to guide the selection, extraction, and analysis of eligible studies. Clinical consultation will be included as a sixth step to our methodology. Literature reporting on the effect of antenatal BME on maternal and infant outcomes, breastfeeding initiation and duration, and the experiences of women who have engaged in the practice will be considered. The data will be summarised with attention paid to high-risk obstetrical populations such as women with diabetes. Our results will be reported as outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics board approval will not be required due to the nature of the study’s methodology. The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and presentation at relevant conferences.Trail registration numberOpen Science Framework (osf.io/gfp2q).
Taking stock of vaccine hesitancy among migrants: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Tankwanchi Akhenaten Siankam , Jaca Anelisa , Larson Heidi J , Wiysonge Charles S , Vermund Sten H 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionAt the 72nd World Health Assembly of May 2019, WHO member states prioritised a global action plan to promote migrant and refugee health. Five months earlier, WHO had declared vaccine hesitancy—the reluctance to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccination services—as one of the top 10 threats to global health. Although vaccination is often a requirement for immigration, repeated outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases within certain immigrant communities in some host nations suggest that vaccine hesitancy could be a factor in their susceptibility to vaccine-preventable diseases. Studies of the prevalence and determinants of vaccine hesitancy among migrants globally seem to be lacking. This scoping review will (1) identify articles on vaccine hesitancy among migrants; (2) examine the extent and nature of the extant evidence; and (3) determine the value of undertaking a full systematic review.Methods and analysisThe framework for the scoping review proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute will be used. The reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Studies published in English or French between January 1999 and December 2019 will be drawn from most or all of the following multidisciplinary databases: Africa-Wide Information, Allied and Complementary Medicine, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, International Bibliography of Social Sciences, Literature in the Health Sciences in Latin America and the Caribbean, Medline, Proquest Theses/Dissertations, PsycInfo and Web of Science. The search will include an extensive list of keywords to capture multiple dimensions of confidence and hesitancy vis-à-vis vaccines among migrants. Findings will be reported through summary narratives, tables, flowcharts and evidence maps.Ethics and disseminationThis review is exempted from ethical approval and will be published in a peer-reviewed open-access journal to ensure wide dissemination.
Prediction of childhood brain outcomes in infants born preterm using neonatal MRI and concurrent clinical biomarkers (PREBO-6): study protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: George Joanne M , Pagnozzi Alex M , Bora Samudragupta , Boyd Roslyn N , Colditz Paul B , Rose Stephen E , Ware Robert S , Pannek Kerstin , Bursle Jane E , Fripp Jurgen , Barlow Karen , Iyer Kartik , Leishman Shaneen J , Jendra Rebecca L 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionInfants born very preterm are at risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including cognitive deficits, motor impairments and cerebral palsy. Earlier identification enables targeted early interventions to be implemented with the aim of improving outcomes.Methods and analysisProtocol for 6-year follow-up of two cohorts of infants born <31 weeks gestational age (PPREMO: Prediction of Preterm Motor Outcomes; PREBO: Prediction of Preterm Brain Outcomes) and a small term-born reference sample in Brisbane, Australia. Both preterm cohorts underwent very early MRI and concurrent clinical assessment at 32 and 40 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) and were followed up at 3, 12 and 24 months corrected age (CA). This study will perform MRI and electroencephalography (EEG). Primary outcomes include the Movement Assessment Battery for Children second edition and Full-Scale IQ score from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children fifth edition (WISC-V). Secondary outcomes include the Gross Motor Function Classification System for children with cerebral palsy; executive function (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function second edition, WISC-V Digit Span and Picture Span, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 64 Card Version); attention (Test of Everyday Attention for Children second edition); language (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals fifth edition), academic achievement (Woodcock Johnson IV Tests of Achievement); mental health and quality of life (Development and Well-Being Assessment, Autism Spectrum Quotient-10 Items Child version and Child Health Utility-9D).AimsExamine the ability of early neonatal MRI, EEG and concurrent clinical measures at 32 weeks PMA to predict motor, cognitive, language, academic achievement and mental health outcomes at 6 years CA.Determine if early brain abnormalities persist and are evident on brain MRI at 6 years CA and the relationship to EEG and concurrent motor, cognitive, language, academic achievement and mental health outcomes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from Human Research Ethics Committees at Children’s Health Queensland (HREC/19/QCHQ/49800) and The University of Queensland (2019000426). Study findings will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000155190p.Web address of trialhttp://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12619000155190p
What are the links between evidence-based medicine and shared decision-making in training programs for junior doctors? A scoping review protocol
Authors: Simons Mary , Rapport Frances , Zurynski Yvonne , Cullis Jeremy , Davidson Andrew 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionPatient-centred care is pivotal to clinical practice and medical education. The practice of evidence-based medicine (EBM) and shared decision-making (SDM) are complementary aspects of patient-centred care, but they are frequently taught and reported as independent entities. To effectively perform all steps of EBM, clinicians need to include patients in SDM conversations, however, the uptake of this has been slow and inconsistent. A solution may be the incorporation of SDM into EBM training programmes, but such programmes do not routinely include SDM skills development. This scoping review will survey the literature on the kinds of EBM and SDM educational programmes that exist for recently qualified doctors, programmes that incorporate the teaching of both EBM and SDM skills, as well as identifying research gaps in the literature.Methods and analysisLiterature searches will be conducted in the databases Medline, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library. Bibliographies of key articles and their citing references will also be hand-searched and assessed for inclusion. Selected grey literature will be included. Papers must be written in English, or provide English abstracts, and date from 1996 to the present day.Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, check full texts of selected papers for eligibility and extract the data. Any disagreement will be resolved, and consensus reached, if necessary, with the assistance of a third reviewer. Qualitative and quantitative studies that address educational interventions for either EBM, SDM or both will be included. Data extraction tables will present bibliographic information, populations, interventions, context and outcomes. Data will be summarised using tables and figures and a description of findings.Ethics and disseminationThis review will synthesise information from publicly available publications and does not require ethics approval. The results will be disseminated via conference presentations and publications in medical journals.
Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) versus standard of care (SoC) in people with peritoneal metastases from colorectal, ovarian or gastric origin: protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness
Authors: Gurusamy Kurinchi , Vale Claire L , Pizzo Elena , Bhanot R , Davidson Brian R , Mould Tim , Mughal Muntzer , Saunders Mark , Aziz Omer , O'Dwyer Sarah 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThere is uncertainty about whether cytoreductive surgery (CRS)+hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) improves survival and/or quality of life compared with standard of care (SoC) in people with peritoneal metastases who can withstand major surgery.Primary objectivesTo compare the relative benefits and harms of CRS+HIPEC versus SoC in people with peritoneal metastases from colorectal, ovarian or gastric cancers eligible to undergo CRS+HIPEC by a systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis.Secondary objectivesTo compare the cost-effectiveness of CRS+HIPEC versus SoC from a National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services perspective using a model-based cost–utility analysis.Methods and analysisWe will perform a systematic review of literature by updating the searches from MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane library, Science Citation Index as well as trial registers. Two members of our team will independently screen the search results and identify randomised controlled trials comparing CRS+HIPEC versus SoC for inclusion based on full texts for articles shortlisted during screening. We will assess the risk of bias in the trials and obtain data related to baseline prognostic characteristics, details of intervention and control, and outcome data related to overall survival, disease progression, health-related quality of life, treatment related complications and resource utilisation data. Using IPD, we will perform a two-step IPD, that is, calculate the adjusted effect estimate from each included study and then perform a random-effects model meta-analysis. We will perform various subgroup analyses, meta-regression and sensitivity analyses. We will also perform a model-based cost–utility analysis to assess whether CRS+HIPEC is cost-effective in the NHS setting.Ethics and disseminationThis project was approved by the UCL Research Ethics Committee (Ethics number: 16023/001). We aim to present the findings at appropriate international meetings and publish the review, irrespective of the findings, in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019130504.
Use of the King-Devick Variable Color Contrast Sensitivity Chart to differentiate stages of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Ittiara Shaun , Hariprasad Anya S , Messner Leonard V , Tresley David J , Leong Danielle , Schechet Sidney A 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine which colour contrast sensitivity differences exist in early to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and examine the potential utility of the King-Devick Variable Color Contrast Sensitivity Chart in detecting AMD severity.Methods and analysisA total of 85 participants (144 total eyes) were recruited from multiple clinical practices and enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 57 healthy eyes. The non-exudative AMD (NE-AMD) group consisted of 45 eyes. The exudative AMD (E-AMD) group consisted of 42 eyes. In a single study visit, monocular best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 40 cm with 100% black contrast was determined for each eye. Using the BCVA line, the number of letters correctly identified (out of 10) was recorded for various colour presentations (red, green, blue and yellow) and at decreasing contrast levels (100%, 75%, 50% and 25%).ResultsOur results show worse visual performance under various colour contrast settings in E-AMD patients compared with healthy controls and NE-AMD. Colour contrast performance using blue and yellow differentiated more advanced stages of disease in E-AMD from earlier NE-AMD disease. Blue and black colour contrast performance more accurately identified the E-AMD group from healthy controls and the NE-AMD group.ConclusionThe findings of this study demonstrate that colour contrast, particularly with black, blue and yellow, is impaired in E-AMD suggesting the potential for colour contrast measures to serve as an adjunctive clinical tool in identifying subtle altered visual function as well as the potential for detecting disease severity.
Real-world evaluation of an intravenous iron service for the treatment of iron deficiency in patients with gastroenterological disorders
Authors: Kearns Jackie , Jacob Sudheer George 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundIn gastroenterological disorders, iron deficiency (ID) is often treated with intravenous iron. This real-world study assessed the effectiveness and safety of iron isomaltoside (IIM), a high-dose intravenous iron, for the treatment of ID in patients with gastroenterological disorders, as part of a service evaluation and improvement process.MethodsMedical records of 117 patients with gastroenterological disorders, who received IIM, were examined retrospectively. Study outcomes included dose of IIM (estimated iron need versus actual dose received), number of appointments required to deliver the dose and changes in haemoglobin (Hb) and ferritin at ~1 month and ~6 months post-treatment. Safety was assessed through adverse drug reactions (ADRs).ResultsOverall, 76.1% of patients received their estimated iron need; 23.9% were underdosed. The mean (SD) iron dose was 1317 (409.7) mg; 62.4% of patients received their dose in one appointment. From baseline, mean (SD) Hb increased by 20.9 (15.4) g/L at 1 month post-treatment (p<0.0001) and by 22.0 (17.9) g/L at 6 months post-treatment (p<0.0001). Mean (SD) baseline ferritin was 26.6 (37.8) μg/L, which increased to 234.6 (142.9) μg/L at 1 month post-treatment (p<0.0001), and remained increased at 6 months post-treatment (122.8 (99.2) μg/L; p<0.0001). A substantial proportion of patients were non-anaemic at 1 month (57.5%) and 6 months (61.8%) post-treatment. At both post-treatment timepoints, the proportion of non-anaemic patients was higher in those receiving their total iron need versus those who were underdosed. No serious ADRs were reported.ConclusionIIM was efficacious and well tolerated in patients with gastroenterological disorders. This real-world study highlights the importance of administering the full iron need to maximise treatment response.
Maternal cardiovascular risk after hypertensive disorder of pregnancy
Authors: Arnott Clare , Nelson Michael , Alfaro Ramirez Maria , Hyett Jon , Gale Marianne , Henry Amanda , Celermajer David S , Taylor Lee , Woodward Mark 
Published: May 2020

Background and objectiveHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) affect 5%–10% of pregnancies and have been associated with excess maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The primary aim of this study was to reliably estimate absolute and relative risks of CVD after HDP.MethodsA retrospective cohort of women who had singleton pregnancies in New South Wales, Australia, between 2002 and 2016 and identified using linked population health administrative databases. The primary exposure was new-onset HDP (pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and gestational hypertension), and the endpoint was hospitalisation or death due to ischaemic or hypertensive heart disease, or stroke. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated risks among mothers following their first birth, and multivariable time-dependent Cox regression estimated the association between HDP and CVD.ResultsAmong 528 106 women, 10.3% experienced HDP in their first pregnancy. The 10-year estimated risk of CVD was 2.1 per 1000 if no HDP and 5.5 per 1000 following HDP. Adjusting for demographics, gestational diabetes, small for gestational age and preterm birth, we found that there was an interaction between smoking and HDP, and a larger effect of early-onset (<34 weeks) HDP, compared with late-onset HDP. The HR for women with early-onset HDP who did not smoke was 4.90 (95% CI 3.00 to 7.80) and the HR for those who did smoke was 23.5 (95% CI 13.5 to 40.5), each compared with women without HDP who did not smoke.ConclusionIn this nationally representative Australian cohort, HDP, especially early onset, conferred a clear increase in the risk of CVD, with amplification by smoking. Targeted preventive health, during and after pregnancy, could prevent a substantial burden of CVD among childbearing women.
Sharing leadership: current attitudes, barriers and needs of clinical and non-clinical managers in UK’s integrated care system
Authors: Aufegger Lisa , Alabi Monica , Darzi Ara , Bicknell Colin 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAs systems become more complex, shared leadership (SL) has been suggested to have a dominant role in improving cross-functional working tailored to organisational needs. Little, however, is known about the benefits of SL in healthcare management, especially for UK’s recently formed integrated care system (ICS). The aim of this study was to understand current attitudes, barriers and needs of clinical and non-clinical managers sharing leadership responsibilities in the ICS.MethodTwenty clinical and non-clinical leaders in 15 organisations were interviewed to understand current cross-functional leadership collaborations, and the potential SL may have on the recently established ICS in the National Health Service (NHS). The data were transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsFindings showed perceptions and experiences of clinical and non-clinical healthcare management in relation to: (1) motivation to execute a leadership position, including the need to step up and a sense of duty; (2) attitudes towards interdisciplinary working, which is reflected in conflicts due to different values and expertise; (3) SL skills and behaviours, including the need for mutual understanding and cooperative attitudes by means of effective communication and collaboration; and (4) barriers to achieve SL in the ICS, such as bureaucracy, and a lack of time and support.ConclusionsSL may help improve current leadership cultures within the NHS; however, for SL to have a tangible impact, it needs to be delivered as part of leadership development for doctors in postgraduate training, and development programmes for aspiring, emerging and established leaders, with clear lines of communication.
All two-loop scalar self-energies and tadpoles in general renormalisable field theories
Authors: Goodsell Mark D. , Paßehr Sebastian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe calculate the complete tadpoles and self-energies at the two-loop order for scalars in general renormalisable theories, a crucial component for calculating two-loop electroweak corrections to Higgs-boson masses or for any scalar beyond the Standard Model. We renormalise the amplitudes using mass-independent renormalisation schemes, based on both dimensional regularisation and dimensional reduction. The results are presented here in Feynman gauge, with expressions for all 121 self-energy and 25 tadpole diagrams given in terms of scalar and tensor integrals with the complete set of rules to reduce them to a minimal basis of scalar integrals for any physical kinematic configuration. In addition, we simplify the results to a set of only 16 tadpole and 58 self-energy topologies using relations in order to substitute the ghost and Goldstone-boson couplings that we derive. To facilitate their application, we also provide our results in electronic form as a new code . We test our results by applying them to the Standard Model and compare with analytic expressions in the literature.