bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Hesperidin in Dry Matter of Citrus Tissues by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry Method
Authors: Goren R , Monselise S P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An ultraviolet spectrophotometric method was suggested in 1959 for the determination of hesperidin in juice and fresh extract of orange peel. This method, based on the differences in absorbance units of hesperidin between 290 and 300 mμ, has been adapted to the determination of hesperidin in dry matter of citrus tissues. Hesperidin is extracted from dry matter with 0.2N NaOH for 22 hours at 10°C, the pH is adjusted to 3.8 ± 0.25, and plant residues are separated by centrifugation. The solution is diluted with 99% isopropanol, proteins are precipitated, and the extract is read on a spectrophotometer. Results are calculated from the difference in absorbances between 290 and 300 mμ.
Use of Enzymes in the Determination of Added Lactose in Meat Products Containing Corn Sirup Solids
Authors: Hankin Lester , Wickroski Alphoxse F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An enzymatic method is proposed to overcome the difficulties encountered with the AOAC yeast method for the determination of lactose in prepared meat products which also contain corn sirup solids in addition to nonfat dry milk. The AOAC method does not allow for complete hydrolysis of the corn sirup solids, and, when reducing sugars are calculated as lactose, inflated values are obtained since some of the unhydrolyzed reducing material from the corn sirup solids is measured. In the enzyme method, a combination of crude maltase and glucose oxidase are used to remove all reducing sugars except lactose. Preliminary yeast treatment is included either routinely or to remove sucrose, if present. Comparative values obtained on prepared frankfort samples showed that the enzyme method was superior to the AOAC method.
Determination of Sodium and Potassium in Fish and Other Marine Products
Authors: Thompson Mary H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Wet-ash and dry-ash extraction methods for the flame photometric determination of sodium and potassium in fish and other marine products were studied collaboratively. The wet-ash method was more accurate primarily because potassium was lost during the dry-ashing procedure at 550°C. Statistical analyses of precision indicate that wetashing is equal to or superior to dryashing. The Associate Referee, using the wet-ash procedure, obtained 98% recoveries for sodium and 102% for potassium, and relative standard deviations of 1.3—2.2 for sodium, and 1.5—3.6 for potassium. Over-all average recoveries obtained by the collaborators were 112% for sodium and 96% for potassium. Collaborative study will be continued.
Determination of Esters in Whisky by Gas-Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Martin Glenn E , Schoeneman Robert L , Schlesinger Howard L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid and direct method has been developed for the determination of ethyl acetate in whisky by gas-liquid chromatography. Volatile esters are comprised mainly of ethyl acetate, but in addition, traces of methyl acetate are present.
A Simple Screening Procedure for the Detection of Traces of EDTA-Type Compounds in Beer
Authors: Stone Irwin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid and simple screening procedure is presented for detecting the presence of traces of EDTA-type compounds in beer. The procedure is based upon the color change of the red zinc dithizonate to the bluish-green of dithizone in the presence of strongly chelating compounds. The presence of a watermiscible organic solvent provides sufficient solubility to keep the colored aqueous-insoluble dithizonates dispersed and discernible.
Sodium and Potassium in Wines and Distilled Spirits
Authors: Meuron Herman J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Collaborative study of the official, first action flame photometric method of Pro and Mathers for sodium and potassium in wines and distilled spirits was continued and showed that this method is applicable also to sherry wine, fruit wines, and apple brandy. The sodium determination, using essentially simple dilution of wines and little or no dilution of distilled spirits, varied considerably among collaborators for concentrations below 100 ppm, but this is not considered objectionable for routine determinations of these products. Studies will continue to determine the applicability of the method to beer and related malt beverages.
Determination of Water in Silage by Fischer Titration of Concentrated Ethanolic Suspensions
Authors: Dubravčić Milan F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is described for rapid determination of water in ensiled fodder materials. The procedure is based on a brief homogenization of 10—20% suspensions of samples in ethanol followed by titration of gravimetric aliquots with Fischer reagent. It has been found that the concentration of water in the alcoholic phase quickly reaches an equilibrium that is linearly related to the proportion of sample in the mixture and, accordingly, equal to the concentration of water in the suspended tissue. The uniformity of distribution of water simplifies both the aliquoting and the calculation. No interfering reactions have been encountered and the recovery of added water is close to 100%. Ethanol as solvent gives less variable results than either methanol or ethylene glycol. Incorporation of a dry box in the titration apparatus considerably improves the precision of the titration. Coefficient of variation of the titration is about 0.2%.
Components of Vitamin B6 in Grains and Cereal Products
Authors: Polansky Marilyn Macarthur , Murphy Elizabeth W , Toepfer Edward W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Extracts of 56 grains and cereal products were chromatographically separated on Dowex-50 ion exchange columns into pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine fractions. These fractions were assayed microbiologically by using S. carlsbergensis. Procedures used and values obtained by the assays are presented, along with values for total vitamin B6 in unchromatographed extracts and proximate composition values for each sample.
Pesticide Residues in Total Diet Samples
Authors: Williams S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Total diet samples collected since August 1962 were analyzed for the presence of chlorinated organic pesticides, parathion, and 2,4-D types of herbicides and plant growth regulators. Chlorinated pesticide residues were identified by paper, gas-liquid, thinlayer, and microcoulometric gas chromatography. Parathion residues were identified by polarography and confirmed by paper chromatography. Organophosphate pesticide residues were noted in a few samples by paper chromatography. No herbicides were detected in any samples.
Radioactivity in Total Diet Samples
Authors: Laug Edwin P , Dimitroff James M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Data have been compiled on the presence of strontinum-90 and cesium-137 in total diet samples. Strontium-90 and cesium-137 contents in the total diet have shown a steady increase in the 1963 samples, with the highest values concentrated during the fall of 1963.
Total Diet Study: Carbohydrate Content and Methodology
Authors: Eheart James F , Mason Blanche S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Determinations were made of total and reducing sugars, sucrose, dextrin, and starch content of dry fat-free solids of the "total diet" samples previously reported by Food and Drug Administration. Samples represented differences in season, location, time of purchase, and store at which purchased. Mean dry fat-free solids contents did not differ significantly. Purchase periods and locations caused extreme variability of the sucrose content of the diets. Factor- effect variations among the other carbohydrate constituents were not considered nutritionally important. Reducing sugars, sucrose, and starch gave positive correlations with total sugars, while negative correlations were obtained for total sugars with dextrin and for reducing sugars with sucrose.
Gas Chromatography with Microcoulometric Detection for Pesticide Residue Analysis
Authors: Burke Jerry , Holswade Wendell 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Conditions are given for the most efficient operation of the microcoulometric gas chromatograph as a multiple detection technique for residues of chlorinated pesticides. Conditions are as follows: Column, aluminum, 6’ long by 4.5 mm i.d., packed with 10% DC 200 silicone fluid (12,500 est) on 80/90 mesh Anakrom ABS (conditioned 1—5 days at 250°C), 210°C column temperature, and 120 ml/min. N2 flow.
Chromatography of certain pesticides is improved by injection of cleaned up crop extracts. Columns with a minimum number of bends are superior to coiled columns. Chromatography is not improved by using glass columns. Relative retention times and instrument sensitivity are tabulated for 87 chlorinated and 26 thio pesticide chemicals. Theoretical chloride recoveries are given for 14 compounds and sulfur recoveries for 3 compounds. Theoretical recoveries indicate that the MCGC system is linear for a particular pesticide when it is present above some minimum quantity. Sample cleanup is essential for consistently accurate and reproducible results. The general level of "maximum sensitivity" of this multiple detection technique is approximately 0.01 ppm. The specificity of the detection system (for CI-, Br-, I- or sulfur) is the instrument's greatest virtue.
A New Colorimetric Method for Determination of Residues of Guthion and Ethyl Guthion and Their Oxygen Analogs
Authors: Miles J R W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new and rapid colorimetric method of analysis for residues of Guthion and Ethyl Guthion and their oxygen analogs is presented. It is based on the direct coupling of the Guthion series with N-(l-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride in the presence of acetic acid and hydrochloric acid to produce a purple solution with absorption maximum at 556 mμ. The reaction is complete in less than 5 min. and the method is sensitive to 5 μg of Guthion. The oxygen analogs are separated on a Florisil column, the parent insecticides are eluted by chloroform, and the oxygen analogs are then eluted with acetone-chloroform mixture and determined separately. Recoveries from crops ranged from 78 to 97%.
Rapid Procedure for Extraction of Anatoxin from Peanuts, Peanut Meal, and Peanut Butter for Bioassay
Authors: Campbell A D , Dorset Elizabeth , Eppley Robert M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Previously, bioassays for anatoxin have used the same extract as that for chemical assays. However, the development of suitable rapid procedures for chemical assay, requiring the processing of relatively small amounts of the test material, do not produce enough anatoxin for bioassays. A procedure has been developed for processing samples as large as 2 kg to obtain crude anatoxin extracts for bioassays.
Mycotoxins: Studies of the Rapid Procedure for Aflatoxins in Peanuts, Peanut Meal, and Peanut Butter
Authors: Nesheim Stanley 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The new rapid procedure for anatoxins has been collaboratively tested in 15 laboratories on samples of peanuts, peanut butter, and peanut meal distributed on three different occasions. For a semiquantitative method the results were in quite good agreement. It is recommended that the method be further studied.
Fluorometric Determination of Chlortetracycline in Low Level Mixed Feeds
Authors: Katz Stanley E , Spock Joseph 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The fluorometric determination of low levels of chlortetracycline in mixed feeds is based upon the separation of the chlortetracycline on a Decalso ion exchange column after extraction from the feed. The chlortetracycline is eluted from the resin after conversion to isochlortetracycline by hot aqueous sodium carbonate. The isochlortetracycline is measured fluorometrically. Results agree with microbial assays.
Threshold Radioactivity for Bulk Food Samples by Gamma Spectroscopy
Authors: Yakabe Harry M , Neilson Hiram 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the surveillance of bulk food produce by gamma ray spectroscopy for fission products, the activities of the commonly observed radionuclides are frequently in the magnitude of background inherent to the detection system. The problems of determining whether the sample is in fact contaminated, the lower limits of detecting the radionuclides, and the effect of compton smear on the lower limits are discussed. The discussions are based on the modified spectrum stripping method for quantitative analysis of gamma ray spectrum for the following radioisotopes: Cs-137, Zr-95/Nb-95, and K-40. A family of curves are shown for rapid determination of the minimum detectable true activity (AII) of Cs-137.
Evaluation of Four Stock Diets for Liver Lipid Research on Rats. I. Influence of Diet on Body Weight and Liver Composition
Authors: Sheppard A J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Four rations have been fed to weanling male albino rats for 14 and 21 days. The rations contained from 3.6 to 5.5% crude fat and ranged in fiber content from 0.1 to 6.0%. The rations were evaluated in terms of liver lipids, liver weight, feed efficiency, and average daily gains. The experiment was litter-mated across treatments. Significant ration effects on total lipids, phospholipids, free cholesterol, and average daily gain were observed after 21 days of feeding a low fiber, 19.1% crude protein, 5.1% crude fat, semisynthetic ration.
Microbiological Assay for Hygromycin B in Feed
Authors: Hilty W W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Two laboratories were evaluated with respect to hygromycin recovery in specially prepared rations. The inherent day-to-day variation was ± 14.9% of the mean value. The average per cent recovery in 30 determinations was 92.5%. Based upon the mass of data observed over the last 4 years and the confirmatory results of the limited collaborative study, it is recommended that a recovery factor of 1.1 be incorporated into method. 33.086.
Evaluation of the Assay of Penicillin in Animal Feed
Authors: Mayernik John J , Fiori Gloria Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Four extraction procedures were evaluated for the assay of penicillin in seven mixed feeds containing 1.5–35 g penicillin/ton. The average recovery was 101.4% for single aqueous acetone extraction. With the two AOAC extraction procedures, multiple aqueous acetone and multiple pH 6 buffer, average recoveries were 95 and 80%, respectively. Feeds containing very low levels of penicillin should be assayed against penicillin standard prepared in feed extract. The 95% confidence limits of a single three-plate assay for feed mixtures, with concentrations of 35–1.5 g penicillin/ton, ranged from ±10 to ±36%, respectively. Assay precision can be improved by milling the feed sample and by increasing assay replication.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T and Their Derivatives in Commercial Formulations
Authors: Pursley Patricia L , Schall E D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A solution of boron trichloride in methanol was employed for the complete transcsterification of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T esters to the corresponding methyl esters. Gas chromatographic analysis of the methyl esters permitted mixtures of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T esters in commercial formidations to be analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively with no sample cleanup. The method is highly specific and detected the presence of other contaminating isomers of dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Gas chromatography was also used to qualitatively analyze mixtures of various alkyl esters of 2,4-D.
Rapid Quantitative Vatside Check Test For Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Emulsions: Toxaphene and Lindane
Authors: Czech Fred P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple and rapid field test is described for the vatside determination of toxaphene and lindane in aqueous emulsions used for the eradication of ectoparasites in livestock. With appropriate modification, the test should also be useful for aqueous emulsions of other chlorinated hydrocarbons. The chlorinated hydrocarbon is “salted-out” of emulsion and extracted into an organic solvent, and the extract is reacted with sodium biphenyl, which strips the molecule of organic halogen. After solution of reaction products in a glycol-alcohol solvent and adjustment of pH, the resultant chloride is titrated with silver nitrate to a pink end point with 2″,7″-dichlorofluorescein. All procedures except extraction are carried out in one vessel and there is no need for special equipment. A field worker can perform an analysis in 15 minutes.
Extraction of Insecticides for Cleanup and Identification
Authors: Beroza Morton , Bowman Malcolm C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The extraction behavior of 25 insecticides in 19 binary solvent systems and the distribution of extractives from five representative foods in eleven of the solvent systems have been determined with a 5-pIate Craig countercurrent distribution apparatus. The insecticide p-value (fraction of total partitioning in upper phase) remains practically unchanged in the presence of food extractives and large amounts of pesticides. This value can be used to determine the amount of insecticide extracted in multiple extractions and in identifications of insecticides. Such identifications are possible at the nanogram level when electron affinity GLC is used for analysis. The data can be useful in the cleanup associated with insecticide analyses because the distribution of insecticides is predictable from the p-value. The 5-plate countercurrent apparatus may itself be useful in cleanup.
Evaluation of Four Stock Diets for Liver Lipid Research on Rats. II. Fatty Acid Patterns of Total Lipid Extracts
Authors: Sheppard A J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Fatty acid patterns of total liver lipid extracts were determined for groups of young rats fed ad libitum on four different diets. The diets were both of natural and semisynthetic composition in which fat content was 3.6–5.5%. Animals were supplied with diet at weaning and sacrificed after 3 weeks. The results indicate that the liver fatty acid patterns were independent of the dietary fatty acid patterns. However, significant differences in liver fatty acid patterns resulting from the feeding of the different diets were observed for hexadecanoate, 9-octadecenoate, 9,12-octadecadienoate, 9,12, 15-octadecatrienoate, eicosanoate, and decosanoate. No significant differences were observed for 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoate regardless of the diet fed.
A Chromatographic Method for Analysis of Strontium-90 in Foods
Authors: Ford Leonard A , Walton Mae S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The daughter, Y-90, can be separated from the parent nuclide, Sr-90, on a partition column with HDEHP as mobile phase on a Celite substrate. The ingrowth of yttrium and its subsequent removal and counting serves as a determination of strontium-90. The advantages and disadvantages of this system are contrasted with those of the shake-out method from which it was derived.
Activation Analysis of Physical Evidence Connected with Illicit Distilleries
Authors: Pro M , Schlesinger H , Cohan M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Neutron-activation analysis has been employed to compare “moonshine,” soil, and paint collected as physical evidence during the investigation of illicit distilleries. These materials were irradiated in a DASA-TRIGA nuclear reactor and the induced radionuclides were identified by nondestructive gamma-ray spectrometry. The results obtained indicate the technique can be employed to compare these materials. The findings have been accepted for use in court as evidence.
Qualitative Analysis of Propyl Gallate, Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid, Butylated Hydroxyanisole, and Butylated Hydroxytoluene in Fats and Oils
Authors: Schwien William G , Conroy Harry W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
collaborative study was made of qualitative tests for added antioxidants in oils and fats. Samples of corn oil, edible tallow, and lard to which 5, 5, 10, and 15 ppm of propyl gallate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid, respectively, had been added, plus blank samples of the oil and the fats were analyzed by 9 collaborators. The tests employed were previously described in This Journal, 45, 244 (1962). The present report includes an extraction procedure for separation of individual antioxidants, after which the qualitative tests are applied. All collaborators identified the added antioxidants correctly. (Four of the nine repeated the analyses of the samples, which were resubmitted to them in different sequence and with different identifications.) The procedure is considered suitable for routine screening, since oils and fats in commercial use contain a considerably higher level of antioxidants than were added to these collaborative samples.
Identification of Grape Varieties
Authors: Rice A C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The spectrophotometric characteristics of Concord grape juice have been found to vary greatly with season, growing area, and time of harvest. As a result, the spectral characteristics of the juice are not a suitable basis for a method to detect adulteration of the juice. The paper chromatographic separation of the anthocyanin pigments in Concord grape juice has been used successfully to obtain pure components, of which 10 have been identified. Quantitative data can now be obtained from the paper chromatograms by a Beckman Anatrol. A measure of the ratios of several of the anthocyanin pigments present in Concord juice is promising as a method of detecting adulteration.
Extraneous Materials in Egg Products
Authors: Thrasher Joel J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A pancreatin method has been developed to disperse and solubilize dried egg whites so that they may be filtered and examined for particles of extraneous materials. Collaborative results by the method were good, and the pancreatin method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
The methods for extraneous materials in other egg products, 36.039(a), (b), and (c), have been written in a more concise form. It is recommended that these changes be incorporated in the official method.
Comparison of AACC and AOAC Methods for Extraneous Materials in Flour
Authors: Kurtz O’Dean L , McCormack Thomas H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recovery of extraneous materials in flour by the AACC acid hydrolysis method is equal and perhaps superior to that obtained from the AOAC method (36.025(a)). There is no appreciable difference between the results obtained with the Wildman trap flask or a separatory funnel, although the latter requires less specialized technique. The.Kilborn funnel and the soil percolator have been found satisfactory. The AACC method is considerably less time-consuming and thus more suited to routine control procedure, is more easily standardized, and results in filter papers that are clean and easy to examine.
Antihistamines Combined with Phenylephrine Hydrochloride and Codeine Phosphate or Dihydrocodeinone Bitartrate in Elixirs
Authors: Hyatt Rupert 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The proposed method for combinations of antihistamines with phenylephrine.HCl uses three columns, HC1, NaOH, and H2SO4. Chlorpheniramine and codeine are removed from the columns with a chloroform solution of triethylamine. The chloroform eluates are evaporated and the residues taken up in dilute HCl. They are determined spectrophotometrically by comparison with the appropriate standard solutions. The phenylephrine is acetylated on the column with a chloroform solution of acetic anhydride. The acetylphenylephrine is then eluted with chloroform, and the solvent is evaporated and saponified with alcoholic-KOH. The reformed phenylephrine can then be determined spectrophotometrically in either an acid or alkaline aqueous solution and compared to the appropriate standard solution. The results of eight collaborators and the Associate Referee give the following average recoveries in the assay of an authentic elixir: codeine, 100.3%; phenylephrine.HCl, 97.4%; and chlorpheniramine maleate, 102.5%. The method was adopted as official, first action.