bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of measures to reduce water consumption for own needs of waterworks
Authors: Vasiliev A L , Vorobyeva E V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article presents the designs developed by the authors: a tubular drainage distribution device and a device for water-air washing quick filters. As a result of studies carried out in real conditions at Sludinsk water supply station in N. Novgorod during 2017-2018, the effectiveness of the developed devices is proved which is achieved by increasing the degree of distribution of washing water in the filter as well as by reducing the number of washes which leads to decrease in the flow rate of wash water at the station. The proposed measures to reduce water consumption for its own needs are relevant for any water treatment plant, since they will improve environmental situation and reduce the amount of river water supplied for treatment, which will lead to energy savings in the pumps of the first lift pumping station.
Issues of municipal wastes utilization in urban territories
Authors: Zakirova M N , Chuprina E V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In present work the analysis of the solid municipal waste management system of the city of Samara was carried out. The utility garbage generated by the city district of Samara and its handling methods were assessed. The experimental studies were carried out to determine the morphological composition of SMW formed from the activity of different age groups of the population. Ii was found that municipal waste composition was dominated by food, plastic and paper wastes which could be easily used as secondary raw materials. The lack of primary sorting was found to impede waste recycling processes. The measures to change the existing garbage disposal system in Samara were proposed.
Applied temperature analysis for designing technology of composite materials: parameter determination of aluminium alloys rolling
Authors: Doroshko G P , Mikheev V A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The solution of the problems for designing new materials by methods of applied temperature analysis of ATA provides the conversion of experimental data to a digitized form. Their application in the development of mass compositions of a new series of products with an aluminosilicate matrix, dispersion-hardened composites and conglomerates, in all cases it turned out to be useful and effective, the optimization of composition and structure was greatly simplified. In the presented work, ATA is used to determine the parameters of rolling sheet blanks of layered composites to a thickness providing the necessary strength of work in the composition. The correspondence to the principle of periodicity of temperature analysis - T
m
A of the number of passes of rolling the alloy of the {Al – Mg – Li} system, changes in sheet thickness, strain resistance and microhardness is established. A linear correlation of the parameters of the deformation process with a decrease in elasticity due to local contact integration of volume particles characteristic of Li compounds with respect to temperature is noted. Structural transformations by T
m
A microhardness are precisely limited by stationary temperatures of 171°C and 514°C mesh isothermal discrete scanning IDS. The obtained T
m
A diagrams were used to determine the parameters of the technology for overcoming the known limit of plastic deformation. It is experimentally proved that the optimum deformation range belongs to this temperature range by characteristic bends of the lines in the microhardness-temperature diagram at various penetration rates and hardening times.
Unsteady thermoelasticity problem for rigidly fixed round plate
Authors: Shlyakhtin D A , Dauletmuratova ZH M , Kalmova M A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A new closed form solution of the axisymmetric dynamic problem of the classical thermoelasticity theory is made for a rigidly fixed circular isotropic plate under temperature change on its front surfaces. The mathematical formulation of the problem under consideration includes linear equations of heat conduction and equilibrium in the spatial formulation on the assumption that the structures under study may neglect their inertia elastic characteristics. When constructing a common solution finite biorthogonal transformations are used. The given calculation ratios make it possible to determine the stress – strain state and the distribution nature of the temperature field in a rigidly fixed circular isotropic plate with an external temperature influence that is arbitrary in time.
Optimal size of an axisymmetric perfectly flexible membrane with a rigid centre loaded with a concentrated static force
Authors: Khapin A V , Abdeev B M , Makhiyev B E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper considers a physically linear mathematical model of an isotropic circular plate-membrane with a non-deformable central disk, concentrated load and zero bending stiffness with the account for finite displacements. On this basis, the extreme problem of determining the rational geometric parameters of an elastic element from the condition of the target sensitivity function maximum with the equation of constraint in the form of the Huber- Hencky-Mises strength energy hypothesis is solved. The analytical study of the influence of the Poisson’s ratio on the basic optimal dimensionless characteristic of the membrane, which is the ratio of radii, in comparison with the known calculation by the formulas of the classical linear theory of transverse bending of rigid plates is presented. The results of the work can be used in the process of design of high-precision capacitive, inductive and strain gauges of membrane type, widely used in mechanical engineering, aviation, instrument engineering and construction when designing pressure tanks with controlled overpressure of gas or liquid.
Stress condition of the elements of support blocks of fixed offshore platforms and resource evaluation of them
Authors: Starokon I V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article analyzes the factors causing the stress state of the support blocks of fixed offshore platforms (FOPs). The data on the wind-wave regime of the Subbotinsky field of the Black Sea are analyzed, the parameters are determined and the cycles of wind-wave loads acting on the platform are systematized. Using the StructureCAD software package, the values of the effective equivalent stresses were determined from the weight of the structural elements of the FOP, the installed technological equipment, the floating forces of the aquatic environment and wind-wave loads under various conditions of the orientation of the wave beam with respect to the support block. Various design options for FOPs are analyzed and the problem of finding “zero elements” is solved. The proposed solutions will allow developing a comprehensive methodology for assessing the stress state of the support block of the FOP. Besides, for the purpose of determining the resource of the elements, the values of the equivalent stresses of the columns, horizontal belts and braces of the support block of the FOP are determined. The example of calculating the resource of platform elements is given.
Sagacity in antibody humanization for therapeutics, diagnostics and research purposes: considerations of antibody elements and their roles
Authors: Ling Wei-Li , Lua Wai-Heng , Gan Samuel Ken-En 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe humanization of antibodies for therapeutics is a critical process that can determine the success of antibody drug development. However, the science underpinning this process remains elusive with different laboratories having very different methods. Well-funded laboratories can afford automated high-throughput screening methods to derive their best binder utilizing a very expensive initial set of equipment affordable only to a few. Often within these high-throughput processes, only standard key parameters, such as production, binding and aggregation are analyzed. Given the lack of suitable animal models, it is only at clinical trials that immunogenicity and allergy adverse effects are detected through anti-human antibodies as per FDA guidelines. While some occurrences that slip through can be mitigated by additional desensitization protocols, such adverse reactions to grafted humanized antibodies can be prevented at the humanization step. Considerations such as better antibody localization, avoidance of unspecific interactions to superantigens and the tailoring of antibody dependent triggering of immune responses, the antibody persistence on cells, can all be preemptively considered through a holistic sagacious approach, allowing for better outcomes in therapy and for research and diagnostic purposes.
Contribution of a joint Bayesian inversion of VLBI and gravimetric data to the estimation of the free inner core nutation and free core nutation resonance parameters
Authors: Ziegler Yann , Lambert Sébastien B , Nurul Huda Ibnu , Bizouard Christian , Rosat Séverine 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYThe rotational motions of the internal Earth layers induce resonances in the Earth nutations and tidal gravimetric response to external luni-solar gravitational forcings. The characterization of these resonances is a mean of investigating the deep Earth properties since their amplitudes and frequencies depend on a few fundamental geophysical parameters. In this work, we focus on the determination of the free core nutation and free inner core nutation periods and quality factors from the Bayesian inversion of VLBI and gravimetric data. We make a joint inversion of data from both techniques and show that, even if the results are only slightly different from the inversion of VLBI data alone, such approach may be valuable in the future if the accuracy of gravimetric data increases. We also briefly discuss the polar motion resonance, which is related to the Chandler Wobble as seen from the diurnal frequency band. Our overall estimates of the FCN period and quality factor, TFCN = (−430.2, −429.8) solar days and QFCN = (15 700, 16 700), respectively, are in good agreement with other studies, albeit slightly different for unclear reasons. Despite some concerns about the detection and characterization of the FICN, it seems that we could also successfully estimate its period, TFICN = (+600, +1300) solar days, and give a loose estimate of the upper bound on its quality factor.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease–associated GP2 Autoantibodies Inhibit Mucosal Immune Response to Adherent-invasive Bacteria
Authors: Derer Stefanie , Brethack Ann-Kathrin , Pietsch Carlotta , Jendrek Sebastian T , Nitzsche Thomas , Bokemeyer Arne , Hov Johannes R , Schäffler Holger , Bettenworth Dominik , Grassl Guntram A , Sina Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAdherent-invasive Escherichia coli have been suggested to play a pivotal role within the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Autoantibodies against distinct splicing variants of glycoprotein 2 (GP2), an intestinal receptor of the bacterial adhesin FimH, frequently occur in IBD patients. Hence, we aimed to functionally characterize GP2-directed autoantibodies as a putative part of IBD’s pathophysiology.Ex vivo, GP2-splicing variant 4 (GP2#4) but not variant 2 was expressed on intestinal M or L cells with elevated expression patterns in IBD patients. The GP2#4 expression was induced in vitro by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The IBD-associated GP2 autoantibodies inhibited FimH binding to GP2#4 and were decreased in anti-TNFα-treated Crohn’s disease patients with ileocolonic disease manifestation. In vivo, mice immunized against GP2 before infection with adherent-invasive bacteria displayed exacerbated intestinal inflammation. In summary, autoimmunity against intestinal expressed GP2#4 results in enhanced attachment of flagellated bacteria to the intestinal epithelium and thereby may drive IBD’s pathophysiology.
Phenotypic Comparability from Genotypic Variability among Physically Structured Microbial Consortia
Authors: Hoffman Stephanie K , Seitz Kiley W , Havird Justin C , Weese David A , Santos Scott R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Microbiomes represent the collective bacteria, archaea, protist, fungi, and virus communities living in or on individual organisms that are typically multicellular eukaryotes. Such consortia have become recognized as having significant impacts on the development, health, and disease status of their hosts. Since understanding the mechanistic connections between an individual’s genetic makeup and their complete set of traits (i.e., genome to phenome) requires consideration at different levels of biological organization, this should include interactions with, and the organization of, microbial consortia. To understand microbial consortia organization, we elucidated the genetic constituents among phenotypically similar (and hypothesized functionally-analogous) layers (i.e., top orange, second orange, pink, and green layers) in the unique laminated orange cyanobacterial–bacterial crusts endemic to Hawaii’s anchialine ecosystem. High-throughput amplicon sequencing of ribosomal RNA hypervariable regions (i.e., Bacteria-specific V6 and Eukarya-biased V9) revealed microbial richness increasing by crust layer depth, with samples of a given layer more similar to different layers from the same geographic site than to their phenotypically-analogous layer from different sites. Furthermore, samples from sites on the same island were more similar to each other, regardless of which layer they originated from, than to analogous layers from another island. However, cyanobacterial and algal taxa were abundant in all surface and bottom layers, with anaerobic and chemoautotrophic taxa concentrated in the middle two layers, suggesting crust oxygenation from both above and below. Thus, the arrangement of oxygenated vs. anoxygenated niches in these orange crusts is functionally distinct relative to other laminated cyanobacterial–bacterial communities examined to date, with convergent evolution due to similar environmental conditions a likely driver for these phenotypically comparable but genetically distinct microbial consortia.
Rapid Epigenetic Adaptation in Animals and Its Role in Invasiveness
Authors: Carneiro Vitor Coutinho , Lyko Frank 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInvasive species represent a serious ecological threat for many ecosystems worldwide and provide a unique opportunity to investigate rapid adaptation and evolution. Genetic variation allows populations of organisms to be both robust and adaptable to different environmental conditions over evolutionary timeframes. In contrast, invasive animals can rapidly adapt to new environments, with minimal genetic diversity. Thus, the extent to which environmental effects can trigger epigenetic responses is particularly interesting for understanding the role of epigenetics in rapid adaptation. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the different epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression, and emphasize the importance of epigenetics for environmental adaptation. We also discuss recent publications that provide important examples for the role of epigenetic mechanisms in environmental adaptation. Furthermore, we present an overview of the current knowledge about epigenetic modulation as an adaptive strategy for invasive species. A particularly interesting example is provided by the marbled crayfish, a novel, monoclonal freshwater crayfish species that has colonized diverse habitats within a few years. Finally, we address important limitations of current approaches and highlight the potential importance of less well-known mechanisms for non-genetic organismal adaptation.
Earrings, Sutures, and Pointed Links
Authors: Xie Yi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe prove a rank inequality on the instanton knot homology and the Khovanov homology of a link in $S^3$. The key step of the proof is to construct a spectral sequence relating Baldwin–Levine–Sarkar’s pointed Khovanov homology to a singular instanton invariant for pointed links.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Levels Can Be Used to Rule Out Cirrhosis in Hepatitis B e Antigen-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B: Results From the SONIC-B Study
Authors: Sonneveld Milan J , Hansen Bettina E , Brouwer Willem P , Chan Henry L-Y , Piratvisuth Teerha , Jia Ji-Dong , Zeuzem Stefan , Chien Rong-Nan , de Knegt Robert J , Wat Cynthia , Pavlovic Vedran , Gaggar Anuj , Xie Qing , Buti Maria , de Man Robert A , Janssen Harry L A ,   SONIC-B Study Group
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels correlate with the duration of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and may predict the extent of hepatic fibrosis.

Methods
We analyzed data from the SONIC-B database, which contains data from 8 global randomized trials and 2 large hepatology centers. Relationship between HBsAg levels and presence of significant fibrosis (Ishak 3–4) or cirrhosis (Ishak 5–6) were explored, and clinically relevant cutoffs were identified to rule out cirrhosis.

Results
The dataset included 2779 patients: 1866 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive; 322 with cirrhosis. Among HBeAg-positive patients, lower HBsAg levels were associated with higher rates of significant fibrosis (odds ratio [OR], 0.419; P &lt; .001) and cirrhosis (OR, 0.435; P &lt; .001). No relationship was observed among HBeAg-negative patients. Among HBeAg-positive patients, genotype-specific HBsAg cutoffs had excellent negative predictive values (&gt;97%) and low misclassification rates (≤7.1%) and may therefore have utility in ruling out cirrhosis. Diagnostic performance of the HBsAg cutoffs was comparable among patients in whom cirrhosis could not be ruled out with fibrosis 4 (FIB-4).

Conclusions
Hepatitis B virus genotype-specific HBsAg cutoffs may have utility in ruling out presence of cirrhosis in HBeAg-positive patients with genotypes B, C, and D and can be an adjunct to FIB-4 to reduce the need for further testing.
The My Cancer Genome clinical trial data model and trial curation workflow
Authors: Jain Neha , Mittendorf Kathleen F , Holt Marilyn , Lenoue-Newton Michele , Maurer Ian , Miller Clinton , Stachowiak Matthew , Botyrius Michelle , Cole James , Micheel Christine , Levy Mia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
As clinical trials evolve in complexity, clinical trial data models that can capture relevant trial data in meaningful, structured annotations and computable forms are needed to support accrual.

Material and Methods
We have developed a clinical trial information model, curation information system, and a standard operating procedure for consistent and accurate annotation of cancer clinical trials. Clinical trial documents are pulled into the curation system from publicly available sources. Using a web-based interface, a curator creates structured assertions related to disease-biomarker eligibility criteria, therapeutic context, and treatment cohorts by leveraging our data model features. These structured assertions are published on the My Cancer Genome (MCG) website.

Results
To date, over 5000 oncology trials have been manually curated. All trial assertion data are available for public view on the MCG website. Querying our structured knowledge base, we performed a landscape analysis to assess the top diseases, biomarker alterations, and drugs featured across all cancer trials.

Discussion
Beyond curating commonly captured elements, such as disease and biomarker eligibility criteria, we have expanded our model to support the curation of trial interventions and therapeutic context (ie, neoadjuvant, metastatic, etc.), and the respective biomarker-disease treatment cohorts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort to capture these fields in a structured format.

Conclusion
This paper makes a significant contribution to the field of biomedical informatics and knowledge dissemination for precision oncology via the MCG website.

Key words
knowledge representation, My Cancer Genome, precision oncology, knowledge curation, cancer informatics, clinical trial data model
Pain Management for Pediatric Burns in the Outpatient Setting: A Changing Paradigm?
Authors: Shahi Niti , Meier Maxene , Phillips Ryan , Shirek Gabrielle , Goldsmith Adam , Recicar John , Zuk Jeannie , Bielsky Alan , Yaster Myron , Moulton Steven 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChildhood burns are common and distressing for children and their parents. Pain is the most common complaint and often thought to be undertreated, which can negatively influence the child’s care and increase the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder. There is limited literature on the role of opioids and multimodal therapy in the treatment of pediatric outpatient burns. We sought to evaluate the current use of opioids (including the use of multimodal therapies), storage, and disposal of opioids in this patient population. Parents of burn-injured children 8 months to 18 years old, who were seen in an outpatient setting within 2 weeks of their burn injury, were queried from April to December 2019 regarding their child’s pain control, opioid medication use, over-the-counter pain medication use, opioid storage, and disposal. A total of 142 parents of burn-injured children and their parents were surveyed. The median age of the burn-injured children was 2.7 years old and the majority (54.2%; 77/142) were male. The mean total body surface area (TBSA) was 1.8% and half sustained burn injuries to one or both hands. The most frequently used regimens for constant and/or breakthrough pain control were acetaminophen (62.7%) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; 68.3%). Less than one fifth (26/142;18%) of patients were prescribed opioids and 88% filled their prescription. The median number of doses of opioids prescribed was eight doses, with a median of four doses of opioids unused. Only three patients used all of their prescribed opioids and no patient ≥12 years old used their entire prescription. Burns greater than 3% TBSA, irrespective of burn injury location, were associated with opioid prescription (P = .003). Approximately 40% (10/26) of parents who filled their child’s opioid prescription stored the opioid in a locked area. Fewer than one third (7/26) of patients were educated on how to dispose of excess opioid pain medication. Overall, most pediatric outpatient burn injuries can be successfully managed with over-the-counter medications. Providers, who care for burn-injured children ≤ 12 years old with burns that cover ≥3% TBSA in the outpatient setting, should consider no more than four opioid doses for initial pain control. This guideline, coupled with family and provider-centered education on multimodal therapy at the time of initial presentation and safe use of opioids, are important first steps to minimizing the use of opioids in the management of small area burns in children.