bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of monochorionicity on perinatal outcome and growth discordance in triplet pregnancy: collaborative multicenter study in England, 2000–2013
Authors: Glinianaia S. V. , Rankin J. , Khalil A. , Binder J. , Waring G. , Curado J. , Pateisky P. , Thilaganathan B. , Sturgiss S. N. , Hannon T. ,   NorSTAMP collaborators
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo compare perinatal outcome and growth discordance between trichorionic triamniotic (TCTA) and dichorionic triamniotic (DCTA) or monochorionic triamniotic (MCTA) triplet pregnancies.MethodsThis was a multicenter cohort study using population‐based data on triplet pregnancies from 11 Northern Survey of Twin and Multiple Pregnancy (NorSTAMP) maternity units and the Southwest Thames Region of London Obstetric Research Collaborative (STORK) multiple pregnancy cohort, for 2000–2013. Perinatal outcomes (from ≥ 24 weeks' gestation to 28 days of age), intertriplet fetal growth and birth‐weight (BW) discordance and neonatal morbidity were analyzed in TCTA compared with DCTA/MCTA pregnancies.ResultsMonochorionic placentation of a pair or trio in triplet pregnancy (n = 72) was associated with a significantly increased risk of perinatal mortality (risk ratio, 2.7 (95% CI, 1.3–5.5)) compared with that in TCTA pregnancies (n = 68), due mainly to a much higher risk of stillbirth (risk ratio, 5.4 (95% CI, 1.6–18.2)), with 57% of all stillbirth cases resulting from fetofetal transfusion syndrome, while there was no significant difference in neonatal mortality (P = 0.60). The associations with perinatal mortality and stillbirth persisted when considering only pregnancies not affected by a major congenital anomaly. DCTA/MCTA triplets had lower BW and demonstrated greater BW discordance than did TCTA triplets (P = 0.049). Severe BW discordance of > 35% was 2.5‐fold higher in DCTA/MCTA compared with TCTA pregnancies (26.1% vs 10.4%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.06), presumably due to low numbers. Triplets in both groups were delivered by Cesarean section in over 95% of cases, at a similar gestational age (median, 33 weeks' gestation). The rate of respiratory (P = 0.28) or infectious (P = 0.08) neonatal morbidity was similar between the groups.ConclusionsDespite close antenatal surveillance, monochorionic placentation of a pair or trio in triamniotic triplet pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased stillbirth risk, mainly due to fetofetal transfusion syndrome, and with greater size discordance. In liveborn triplets, there was no adverse effect of monochorionicity on neonatal outcome. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The role of physical activity in metabolic homeostasis before and after the onset of type 2 diabetes: an IMI DIRECT study
Authors:   for the IMI DIRECT Consortium, Koivula Robert W. , Atabaki-Pasdar Naeimeh , Giordano Giuseppe N. , White Tom , Adamski Jerzy , Bell Jimmy D. , Beulens Joline , Brage Søren , Brunak Søren , De Masi Federico , Dermitzakis Emmanouil T. , Forgie Ian M. , Frost Gary , Hansen Torben , Hansen Tue H. , Hattersley Andrew , Kokkola Tarja , Kurbasic Azra , Laakso Markku , Mari Andrea , McDonald Timothy J. , Pedersen Oluf , Rutters Femke , Schwenk Jochen M. , Teare Harriet J. A. , Thomas E. Louise , Vinuela Ana , Mahajan Anubha , McCarthy Mark I. , Ruetten Hartmut , Walker Mark , Pearson Ewan , Pavo Imre , Franks Paul W. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
It is well established that physical activity, abdominal ectopic fat and glycaemic regulation are related but the underlying structure of these relationships is unclear. The previously proposed twin-cycle hypothesis (TC) provides a mechanistic basis for impairment in glycaemic control through the interactions of substrate availability, substrate metabolism and abdominal ectopic fat accumulation. Here, we hypothesise that the effect of physical activity in glucose regulation is mediated by the twin-cycle. We aimed to examine this notion in the Innovative Medicines Initiative Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (IMI DIRECT) Consortium cohorts comprised of participants with normal or impaired glucose regulation (cohort 1: N ≤ 920) or with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (cohort 2: N ≤ 435).

Methods
We defined a structural equation model that describes the TC and fitted this within the IMI DIRECT dataset. A second model, twin-cycle plus physical activity (TC-PA), to assess the extent to which the effects of physical activity in glycaemic regulation are mediated by components in the twin-cycle, was also fitted. Beta cell function, insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control were modelled from frequently sampled 75 g OGTTs (fsOGTTs) and mixed-meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) in participants without and with diabetes, respectively. Abdominal fat distribution was assessed using MRI, and physical activity through wrist-worn triaxial accelerometry. Results are presented as standardised beta coefficients, SE and p values, respectively.

Results
The TC and TC-PA models showed better fit than null models (TC: χ2 = 242, p = 0.004 and χ2 = 63, p = 0.001 in cohort 1 and 2, respectively; TC-PA: χ2 = 180, p = 0.041 and χ2 = 60, p = 0.008 in cohort 1 and 2, respectively). The association of physical activity with glycaemic control was primarily mediated by variables in the liver fat cycle.

Conclusions/interpretation
These analyses partially support the mechanisms proposed in the twin-cycle model and highlight mechanistic pathways through which insulin sensitivity and liver fat mediate the association between physical activity and glycaemic control.
The Obesity Paradox in the Trauma Patient: Normal May not Be Better
Authors: Dvorak J. E. , Lester E. L. W. , Maluso P. J. , Tatebe L. , Schlanser V. , Kaminsky M. , Messer T. , Dennis A. J. , Starr F. , Bokhari F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe obesity paradox is the association of increased survival for overweight and obese patients compared to normal and underweight patients, despite an increased risk of morbidity. The obesity paradox has been demonstrated in many disease states but has yet to be studied in trauma. The objective of this study is to elucidate the presence of the obesity paradox in trauma patients by evaluating the association between BMI and outcomes.MethodsUsing the 2014–2015 National Trauma Database (NTDB), adults were categorized by WHO BMI category. Logistic regression was used to assess the odds of mortality associated with each category, adjusting for statistically significant covariables. Length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS and ventilator days were also analyzed, adjusting for statistically significant covariables.ResultsA total of 415,807 patients were identified. Underweight patients had increased odds of mortality (OR 1.378, p < 0.001 95% CI 1.252–1.514), while being overweight had a protective effect (OR 0.916, p = 0.002 95% CI 0.867–0.968). Class I obesity was not associated with increased mortality compared to normal weight (OR 1.013, p = 0.707 95% CI 0.946–1.085). Class II and Class III obesity were associated with increased mortality risk (Class II OR 1.178, p = 0.001 95% CI 1.069–1.299; Class III OR 1.515, p < 0.001 95% CI 1.368–1.677). Hospital and ICU LOS increased with each successive increase in BMI category above normal weight. Obesity was associated with increased ventilator days; Class I obese patients had a 22% increase in ventilator days (IRR 1.217 95% CI 1.171–1.263), and Class III obese patients had a 54% increase (IRR 1.536 95% CI 1.450–1.627).ConclusionThe obesity paradox exists in trauma patients. Further investigation is needed to elucidate what specific phenotypic aspects confer this benefit and how these can enhance patient care.Level of evidenceLevel III, prognostic study
Preoperative CT-based radiomics combined with intraoperative frozen section is predictive of invasive adenocarcinoma in pulmonary nodules: a multicenter study
Authors: Wu Guangyao , Woodruff Henry C. , Sanduleanu Sebastian , Refaee Turkey , Jochems Arthur , Leijenaar Ralph , Gietema Hester , Shen Jing , Wang Rui , Xiong Jingtong , Bian Jie , Wu Jianlin , Lambin Philippe 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Develop a CT-based radiomics model and combine it with frozen section (FS) and clinical data to distinguish invasive adenocarcinomas (IA) from preinvasive lesions/minimally invasive adenocarcinomas (PM).

Methods
This multicenter study cohort of 623 lung adenocarcinomas was split into training (n = 331), testing (n = 143), and external validation dataset (n = 149). Random forest models were built using selected radiomics features, results from FS, lesion volume, clinical and semantic features, and combinations thereof. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUC) was used to evaluate model performances. The diagnosis accuracy, calibration, and decision curves of models were tested.

Results
The radiomics-based model shows good predictive performance and diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing IA from PM, with AUCs of 0.89, 0.89, and 0.88, in the training, testing, and validation datasets, respectively, and with corresponding accuracies of 0.82, 0.79, and 0.85. Adding lesion volume and FS significantly increases the performance of the model with AUCs of 0.96, 0.97, and 0.96, and with accuracies of 0.91, 0.94, and 0.93 in the three datasets. There is no significant difference in AUC between the FS model enriched with radiomics and volume against an FS model enriched with volume alone, while the former has higher accuracy. The model combining all available information shows minor non-significant improvements in AUC and accuracy compared with an FS model enriched with radiomics and volume.

Conclusions
Radiomics signatures are potential biomarkers for the risk of IA, especially in combination with FS, and could help guide surgical strategy for pulmonary nodules patients.

Key Points
• A CT-based radiomics model may be a valuable tool for preoperative prediction of invasive adenocarcinoma for patients with pulmonary nodules.
• Radiomics combined with frozen sections could help in guiding surgery strategy for patients with pulmonary nodules.
Functional neuroimaging in the acute phase of Takotsubo syndrome: volumetric and functional changes of the right insular cortex
Authors: Dichtl Wolfgang , Tuovinen Noora , Barbieri Fabian , Adukauskaite Agne , Senoner Thomas , Rubatscher Andrea , Hintringer Florian , Siedentopf Christian , Bauer Axel , Gizewski Elke R. , Steiger Ruth 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundA brain–heart interaction has been proposed in Takotsubo syndrome (TTS). Structural changes in the limbic system and hypoconnectivity between certain brain areas in the chronic phase of the disease have been reported, but little is known concerning functional neuroimaging in the acute phase. We hypothesized anatomical and functional changes in the central nervous system and investigated whole-brain volumetric and functional connectivity alterations in the acute phase TTS patients compared to controls.MethodsAnatomical and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were performed in postmenopausal females: thirteen in the acute TTS phase and thirteen healthy controls without evidence of coronary artery disease. Voxel-based morphometry and graph theoretical analysis were applied to identify anatomical and functional differences between patients and controls.ResultsSignificantly lower gray matter volumes were found in TTS patients in the right middle frontal gyrus (p = 0.004) and right subcallosal cortex (p = 0.009) compared to healthy controls. When lower threshold was applied, volumetric changes were noted in the right insular cortex (p = 0.0113), the right paracingulate cortex (p = 0.012), left amygdala (p = 0.018), left central opercular cortex (p = 0.017), right (p = 0.013) and left thalamus (p = 0.017), and left cerebral cortex (p = 0.017). Graph analysis revealed significantly (p < 0.01) lower functional connectivity in TTS patients compared to healthy controls, particularly in the connections originating from the right insular cortex, temporal lobes, and precuneus.ConclusionIn the acute phase of TTS volumetric changes in frontal regions and the central autonomic network (i.e. insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and amygdala) were noted. In particular, the right insula, associated with sympathetic autonomic tone, had both volumetric and functional changes.Graphic abstract
Individual preferences for task coordination strategies in multitasking: exploring the link between preferred modes of processing and strategies of response organization
Authors: Brüning Jovita , Reissland Jessika , Manzey Dietrich 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent investigation of individual differences in multitasking revealed evidence for individual preferences for modes of task processing (serial vs. overlapping) in a task switching with preview (TSWP) paradigm and different strategies of response organization (blocking, switching, and response grouping) in a free concurrent dual-tasking (FCDT) paradigm. However, this research on individual differences at the levels of cognitive task processing and behavioral response organization has been pursued separately, thus far, by testing independent samples of participants. In the current study, we investigated whether these two levels of task coordination were linked intra-individually. As individuals preferring an overlapping task processing mode can generate time gains particularly at task switches, we predicted that they prefer a switching strategy of response organization. In contrast, individuals preferring a serial processing mode are expected to prefer a blocking strategy to reduce dual-task demands. These predictions were confirmed in an experiment based on n = 70 participants. Indeed, most serial processors preferred a blocking strategy, whereas overlapping processors predominantly preferred to switch between the tasks. This finding suggests a strong correspondence between individual preferences emerging in both aspects of task coordination, which might reflect a common basic difference in the preferred style of cognitive control (flexible vs. persistent). Moreover, in case the preferred modes of task processing and strategies of response organization did not correspond to each other, the overall multitasking efficiency was comparably low. Thus, the distinction between the preferences for both aspects of multitasking seems to be an important aspect of understanding multitasking performance and should be considered in future studies.
Perforation of the Schneiderian membrane during sinus floor elevation: a risk factor for long-term success of dental implants?
Authors: Beck-Broichsitter Benedicta E. , Gerle Mirko , Wiltfang Jörg , Becker Stephan Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeIn cases of highly atrophic alveolar ridges, augmentation procedures became a frequent procedure to gain optimal conditions for dental implants. Especially in the maxilla sinus floor elevation procedures represent the gold standard pre-prosthetic and mainly successful procedure. The perforation of the Schneiderian is one of the most common complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the intraoperative perforation of the Schneiderian membrane has an impact on long-term implant success.MethodsThirty-four patients from a former study collective of the years 2005 and 2006 with a total of 41 perforations were invited for a follow-up examination to determine the long-term success rates after sinus floor elevation and subsequent implantation.ResultsTwenty-one patients with 25 perforations were subsequently re-evaluated. One implant was lost due to a of periimplant infection after 232 days, resulting in an implant survival rate of 98% within a mean follow-up period of 8.9 years (± 1.5 years).ConclusionRegarding the long-term success, there was no increased risk for implant failure or other persisting complications, e.g., sinusitis, after intraoperative perforation during sinus floor elevation in this study.
Associations between breast cancer subtype and neighborhood socioeconomic and racial composition among Black and White women
Authors: Linnenbringer Erin , Geronimus Arline T. , Davis Kia L. , Bound John , Ellis Libby , Gomez Scarlett L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Studies of Black–White differences in breast cancer subtype often emphasize potential ancestry-associated genetic or lifestyle risk factors without fully considering how the social or economic implications of race in the U.S. may influence risk. We assess whether neighborhood racial composition and/or socioeconomic status are associated with odds of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) diagnosis relative to the less-aggressive hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative subtype (HR+ /HER−), and whether the observed relationships vary across women’s race and age groups.

Methods
We use multilevel generalized estimating equation models to evaluate odds of TNBC vs. HR+ /HER2− subtypes in a population-based cohort of 7291 Black and 74,208 White women diagnosed with breast cancer from 2006 to 2014. Final models include both neighborhood-level variables, adjusting for individual demographics and tumor characteristics.

Results
Relative to the HR+ /HER− subtype, we found modestly lower odds of TNBC subtype among White women with higher neighborhood median household income (statistically significant within the 45–64 age group, OR = 0.981 per $10,000 increase). Among Black women, both higher neighborhood income and higher percentages of Black neighborhood residents were associated with lower odds of TNBC relative to HR+ /HER2−. The largest reduction was observed among Black women diagnosed at age ≥ 65 (OR = 0.938 per $10,000 increase; OR = 0.942 per 10% increase in Black residents).

Conclusion
The relationships between neighborhood composition, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and odds of TNBC differ by race and age. Racially patterned social factors warrant further exploration in breast cancer subtype disparities research.
When the Law Distinguishes Between the Enterprise and the Corporation: The Case of the New French Law on Corporate Purpose
Authors: Segrestin Blanche , Hatchuel Armand , Levillain Kevin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA recent French reform has revised the legal definition of the corporation. In essence, the law stipulates that the corporation must be run with due regard to the social and environmental impacts of its activity. It also introduces the notion ofraison d’êtreand affords the possibility for any corporation to assign social or environmental purposes to itself, defined in its by-laws. This reform is similar to recent reforms in the UK and the US, but is based on an original and distinctive theoretical argument. The aim of our article is to analyze the fundamental tenets of this reform and their implications for the theory of the corporation. It shows that the new law is based on a new positive definition of the enterprise as not only an economic organization or a productive entity, but more fundamentally a space for innovative collective action. We argue that this view of the enterprise challenges our conceptualization of the corporation in two important ways. First, it shows that the traditional theories overlook the activities of the enterprise and their related impacts, and that the corporation is not necessarily the appropriate legal vehicle for the innovative enterprise. Second, it suggests that the stipulation of the enterprise’s purpose orraison d’êtrein the corporate by-laws can provide new promising legal foundations for corporate responsibility.
Allergy, asthma, and the risk of breast and prostate cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors:   the PRACTICAL, CRUK, BPC3, CAPS and PEGASUS consortia, Jiang Xia , Dimou Niki L. , Zhu Zhaozhong , Bonilla Carolina , Lewis Sarah J. , Lindström Sara , Kraft Peter , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Martin Richard M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The relationship of allergic diseases, such as asthma, hay fever, and eczema, with cancer is under debate. Observational studies have reported conflicting findings, but such studies are susceptible to confounding and reverse causation. Understanding the potential role of allergy in carcinogenesis may shed new light on the biological mechanisms underpinning intrinsic immunity and cancer.

Methods
We conducted a Mendelian randomization study, using germline genetic variants as instrumental variables, to determine the causal relevance of allergic disease and on two most common malignancies: breast cancer and prostate cancer. We used the summary statistics from the largest ever genome-wide association studies conducted on allergic disease (ncase = 180,129), asthma (ncase = 14,085), breast (ncase = 122,977), and prostate cancer (ncase = 79,148) and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cancer for allergic disease.

Results
We did not observe any evidence to support a causal association between allergic disease and risk of breast cancer overall [OR 1.00 (95% CI 0.96–1.04), p = 0.95] or by subtype (estrogen receptor (ER)+ [0.99 (0.95–1.04), p = 0.71], ER− [1.05 (0.99–1.10), p = 0.11]). We also did not find any evidence for an association with prostate cancer [1.00 (0.94–1.05), p = 0.93] or advanced subtype [0.97 (0.90–1.05), p = 0.46]. Sensitivity analyses did not reveal directional pleiotropy.

Conclusion
Our study does not support a causal effect of allergic disease on the risk of breast or prostate cancer. Future studies may be conducted to focus on understanding the causal role of allergic disease in cancer prognosis or drug responses (e.g., immunotherapy).
Pathogenicity, host specificity and genetic diversity in Norwegian isolates of Microdochium nivale and Microdochium majus
Authors: Abdelhalim Mohamed , Brurberg May Bente , Hofgaard Ingerd Skow , Rognli Odd Arne , Tronsmo Anne Marte 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicrodochium majusandMicrodochium nivalecause serious disease problems in grasses and cereal crops in the temperate regions. Both fungi can infect the plants during winter (causing pink snow mould) as well as under cool humid conditions during spring and fall. We conducted a pathogenicity test of 15 M. nivaleisolates and twoM. majusisolates from Norway at low temperature on four different grass cultivars ofLolium perenneandFestuloliumhybrids. Significant differences betweenM. nivaleisolates in the ability to cause pink snow mould were detected. TheM. nivalestrains originally isolated from grasses were more pathogenic than isolates from cereals. The genetic diversity ofM. nivaleandM. majusisolates was studied by sequencing four genetic regions; Elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α), β-tubulin, RNA polymerase II (RPB2)and the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). Phylogenetic trees based on the sequences of these four genetic regions resolvedM. nivaleandM. majusisolates into separate clades. Higher genetic diversity was found amongM. nivaleisolates than amongM. majusisolates.M. nivaleisolates revealed genetic differences related to different host plants (grasses vs. cereals) and different geographic regions (Norway and UK vs. North America). Sequence results from theRPB2and β-tubulin genes were more informative than those from ITS andEF-1α. The genetic and phenotypic differences detected between NorwegianM. nivaleisolates from cereals and grasses support the assumption that host specialization exist withinM. nivaleisolates.