bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of PCBM in the Suppression of Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhong Yu , Hufnagel Martin , Thelakkat Mukundan , Li Cheng , Huettner Sven 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe power conversion efficiency of inorganic–organic hybrid lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is approaching that of those made from single crystalline silicon; however, they still experience problems such as hysteresis and photo/electrical‐field‐induced degradation. Evidences consistently show that ionic migration is critical for these detrimental behaviors, but direct in‐situ studies are still lacking to elucidate the respective kinetics. Three different PSCs incorporating phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and a polymerized form (PPCBM) is fabricated to clarify the function of fullerenes towards ionic migration in perovskites: 1) single perovskite layer, 2) perovskite/PCBM bilayer, 3) perovskite/PPCBM bilayer, where the fullerene molecules are covalently linked to a polymer backbone impeding fullerene inter‐diffusion. By employing wide‐field photoluminescence imaging microscopy, the migration of iodine ions/vacancies under an external electrical field is studied. The polymerized PPCBM layer barely suppresses ionic migration, whereas PCBM readily does. Temperature‐dependent chronoamperometric measurements demonstrate the reduction of activation energy with the aid of PCBM and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) measurements show that PCBM molecules are viable to diffuse into the perovskite layer and passivate iodine related defects. This passivation significantly reduces iodine ions/vacancies, leading to a reduction of built‐in field modulation and interfacial barriers.
All‐Perovskite Integrated X‐Ray Detector with Ultrahigh Sensitivity
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Meng Cuifang , Huang Bo , Yang Dandan , Xu Xiaobao , Zeng Haibo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecently, halide perovskites represent potential materials in X‐ray detection via both direct and indirect ways. Generally, thick active materials are necessary to completely absorb X‐ray photons while inefficient carrier collection leads to low device sensitivity. Besides, though perovskite nanocrystal (NC) scintillators can be used with silicon detectors, they suffer from strong reabsorption problem and the responsivity of silicon detectors is usually low. Herein, an effective strategy based on all‐perovskite integrated device is demonstrated to greatly improve the sensitivity of X‐ray detector. On one hand, efficient ultrafast exciton routing within CsPbBr3 NCs induces a large Stokes shift, and then greatly improved photoluminescence quantum yield (> 50%) and radioluminescence efficiency (> 3‐fold) are achieved. On the other hand, perovskite photodiode (PD) with responsivity higher than 0.4 A W−1 in a wide band is fabricated. The integrated detector takes full advantages of high X‐ray to emission efficiency of engineered CsPbBr3 NCs and high responsivity of perovskite PDs, respectively, and a record high sensitivity of 54684 µC Gy−1 cm−2 at the dose rate of 8.8 µGy s−1 is achieved. This work undoubtedly opens another window for perovskite X‐ray detectors with better performances or even higher spatial resolution.
Gold‐catalyzed [4+3]‐Annulations of Benzopyriliums with Vinyldiazo Carbonyls to Form Bicyclic Heptatriene Rings with Skeletal Rearrangement
Authors: Sekar Kulandai Raj Antony , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report gold catalyzed [4+3]‐annulations between benzopyriliums and 3‐alkyl‐2‐diazo‐3‐vinyl carbonyls, yielding 7H‐benzo[7]annulene products efficiently. Notably, the carbon skeletons of resulting 7H‐benzo[7]annulenes are structurally rearranged, accompanied by migrations of their alkyl and ketone motifs. Apart from applicable substrates over a wide scope, these annulatios are applicable to pyriliums and 3‐alkyl‐2‐diazo‐3‐vinyl esters to increase their reaction significance. We postulate a mechanism involving an initial [4+2]‐cycloaddition between benzopyriliums and 3‐alkyl‐2‐diazo‐3‐vinyl carbonyl species, followed by formation of gold carbenes to induce a ring expansion and group migrations.magnified image
Lipid profile changes after direct acting antiviral treatment in different genotypes of chronic hepatitis C virus‐infected patients
Authors: Lin Cheng‐Heng , Chen Jyh‐Jou , Lee Pei‐Lun , Tung Hung‐Da , Cheng Chun‐Ta , Kao Hsu‐Ju , Wu Yu‐Hsun , Pang Mai‐Gio , Chuang Tang‐Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe fact that chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus interacts with serum lipid metabolism is well‐known, and previous studies have demonstrated that hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication using direct acting antivirals (DAAs) or interferon‐based therapy, can cause lipid levels to increase during treatment. The current study focused on HCV patients with different genotypes who had a sustained virological response (SVR); their lipid levels and metabolism changes after DAA treatment were investigated. The current study retrospectively included 394 patients who received DAAs treatment for CHC with SVR in Liouying Chi‐Mei Medical Center. Patients who accepted lipid‐lowering therapy within 6 months prior to the start of DAA treatment were excluded. The patient's lipid profiles and homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) index were measured and evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. The SVR rate was 96.2% across all patients. The mean triglyceride level was not significantly increased after SVR. The mean total cholesterol level was significantly increased from baseline 165.2 ± 33.6 mg/dL to after SVR 184.5 ± 36.0 mg/dL (P < .0001). The mean high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) was significantly increased from baseline level 45.9 ± 12.3 mg/dL to after SVR 49.0 ± 12.4 mg/dL (P < .0001). The mean low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) was significantly increased from baseline 95.2 ± 28.3 mg/dL to after SVR 111.7 ± 31.3 (P < .0001). The HOMA‐IR had no significant change in the 294 patients without diabetes. The subgroups analysis of genotypes 1a, 1b, 2, and 6 revealed a significant increase in total cholesterol and LDLC levels following treatment. In conclusion, it was found that lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, HDLC, and LDLC levels, were significantly increased after DAA treatment for CHC patients who achieved SVR 12 with genotypes 1a, 1b, 2, and 6.
Initiation of symptomatic medication in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials: Hypothetical versus treatment policy approach
Authors: Donohue Michael C. , Model Fabian , Delmar Paul , Volye Nicola , Liu‐Seifert Hong , Rafii Michael S. , Aisen Paul S. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn clinical trials in populations with mild cognitive impairment, it is common for participants to initiate concurrent symptomatic medications for Alzheimer's disease after randomization to the experimental therapy. One strategy for addressing this occurrence is to exclude any observations that occur after the concurrent medication is initiated. The rationale for this approach is that these observations might reflect a symptomatic benefit of the concurrent medication that would adversely bias efficacy estimates for an effective experimental therapy. We interrogate the assumptions underlying such an approach by estimating the effect of newly prescribed concurrent medications in an observational study, the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.
The overnight reduction of amyloid β 1‐42 plasma levels is diminished by the extent of sleep fragmentation, sAPP‐β, and APOE ε4 in psychiatrists on call
Authors: Grimmer Timo , Laub Theresa , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Eisele Tamara , Fatke Bastian , Hölzle Patricia , Lüscher Sandra , Parchmann Anna‐Mareike , Rentrop Michael , Schwerthöffer Dirk , Müller‐Sarnowski Felix , Ortner Marion , Goldhardt Oliver , Kurz Alexander , Förstl Hans , Alexopoulos Panagiotis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn mice there might be an association between sleep deprivation and amyloid β plasma levels. Hence, we examined whether amyloid plasma levels are associated with sleep duration or fragmentation in 17 psychiatrists on‐call.MethodsAmyloid β (Aβ)42, Aβ40, and soluble amyloid precursor protein β (sAPP‐β) plasma concentrations were measured at the beginning and end of 90 on‐call nights, and analyzed using generalized linear models.ResultsIn on‐call nights, a 10.7% reduction of Aβ42 was revealed overnight. Every single short sleep interruption diminished this reduction by 5.4%, as well as every pg/mL of sAPP‐β by 1.2%, each copy of APOE ε4 by 10.6%, and each year of professional experience by 3.0%.DiscussionThe extent of sleep fragmentation diminishes the physiological overnight reduction of Aβ42 but not Aβ40 plasma levels in the same direction as the enzyme for Aβ42 production, the genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and on‐call experience. Might on‐call duty and sleep fragmentation in general alter the risk for AD?
Fenebrutinib Versus Placebo or Adalimumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Phase II Trial
Authors: Cohen Stanley , Tuckwell Katie , Katsumoto Tamiko R. , Zhao Rui , Galanter Joshua , Lee Chin , Rae Julie , Toth Balazs , Ramamoorthi Nandhini , Hackney Jason A. , Berman Alberto , Damjanov Nemanja , Fedkov Dmytro , Jeka Slawomir , Chinn Leslie W. , Townsend Michael J. , Morimoto Alyssa M. , Genovese Mark C. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate fenebrutinib, an oral and highly selective noncovalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsPatients with RA and an inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX) (cohort 1; n = 480) were randomized to receive fenebrutinib (50 mg once daily, 150 mg once daily, or 200 mg twice daily), adalimumab (40 mg every other week), or placebo. Patients with RA and an inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (cohort 2; n = 98) received fenebrutinib (200 mg twice daily) or placebo. Both cohorts continued MTX therapy.ResultsIn cohort 1, the percentages of patients in whom American College of Rheumatology 50% improvement criteria (ACR50) was achieved at week 12 were similar in the fenebrutinib 50 mg once daily and placebo groups, and were higher in the fenebrutinib 150 mg once daily group (28%) and 200 mg twice daily group (35%) than in the placebo group (15%) (P = 0.016 and P = 0.0003, respectively). Fenebrutinib 200 mg twice daily and adalimumab (36%) were comparable (P = 0.81). In cohort 2, ACR50 was achieved in more patients receiving fenebrutinib 200 mg twice daily (25%) than placebo (12%) (P = 0.072). The most common adverse events in the fenebrutinib groups included nausea, headache, anemia, and upper respiratory tract infections. Fenebrutinib had significant effects on myeloid and B cell biomarkers (CCL4 and rheumatoid factor). Fenebrutinib and adalimumab caused overlapping as well as distinct changes in B cell and myeloid biomarkers.ConclusionFenebrutinib demonstrates efficacy comparable to adalimumab in patients with an inadequate response to MTX, and safety consistent with existing immunomodulatory therapies for RA. These data support targeting both B and myeloid cells via this novel mechanism for potential efficacy in the treatment of RA.
Triazine‐based Organic Polymer‐catalysed Conversion of Epoxide to Cyclic Carbonate under Ambient CO2 Pressure
Authors: Biswas Tanmoy , Halder Arjun , Paliwal Khusboo S. , Mitra Antarip , Tudu Gouri , Banerjee Rahul , Mahalingam Venkataramanan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work we have achieved epoxide to cyclic carbonate conversion using a metal‐free polymeric catalyst under ambient CO2 pressure (1.02 atm) using a balloon setup. The triazine containing polymer (CYA‐ANIS) was prepared from cyanuric chloride (CYA−Cl) and o‐dianisidine (ANIS) in anhydrous DMF as solvent by refluxing under the N2 gas environment. The presence of triazine and amine functional groups in the polymer results in the adsorption of CO2 up to 7 cc/g at 273 K. This inspired us to utilize the polymer for the conversion of a series of functionalised epoxides into their corresponding cyclic carbonates in the presence of tetrabutyl ammonium iodide (TBAI) as co‐catalyst. The product has wide range of applications like solvent in lithium ion battery, precursor for polycarbonate, etc. The catalyst was efficient for the conversion of different mono and di‐epoxides into their corresponding cyclic carbonates under atmospheric pressure in the presence of TBAI as co‐catalyst. The study indicates that epoxide attached with electron withdrawing groups (like, CH2Cl, glycidyl ether, etc.) displayed better conversion compared to simple alkane chain attached epoxides. This is mainly due to the stabilization of electron rich intermediates produced during the reaction (e. g. epoxide ring opening or CO2 incorporation into the halo‐alkoxide anion). This catalyst mixture was capable to maintain its reactivity up to five cycles without losing its activity. Post catalytic characterization clearly supports the heterogeneous and recyclable nature of the catalyst.
Brandschutz in der Gebäudetechnik für den produktiven Holzbau
Authors: Artmann Hans‐Henning , Waldner Alexander 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDer mehrgeschossige Holzbau ist in Deutschland Realität und trotz baurechtlicher Einschränkungen bundesweit auf dem Vormarsch. Für Holzleichtbauweisen und hoch feuerhemmende Ausführungen gibt die Musterholzbaurichtlinie klare Vorgaben zur Abschottung von Haustechnikinstallationen. Trockene Abschottungslösungen bringen hier Vorteile gegenüber einem mineralischen Spaltverschluss. Im Massivholzbau und bei der Anforderung feuerbeständig sollten Fachplaner und Ausführende für einen reibungslosen Projektablauf auf geprüfte Lösungen zurückgreifen. Unabhängig von den Holzbauweisen ist eine frühzeitige Abstimmung aller Projektbeteiligten erforderlich, um die Produktivität des Holzbaus maximal auszuschöpfen.
Determining the overstrength factor based on statistical values of European steel grades
Authors: Gündel Max 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn dissipative seismic design concepts, capacity design rules must be applied to control the plastic mechanism. For this purpose, nondissipative structural elements require an overstrength with respect to dissipative zones. The scattering of the yield strength of structural steel is considered in DIN EN 1998‐1 by the material overstrength factor
γ
ov with a recommended value of 1.25. However, current measurement data often show significantly higher yield strengths, especially for steel grades of a low nominal strength. In this article, new yield strength data of European steel grades are evaluated and compared with statistical values from the literature. A steel grade‐dependent over strength factor was derived from a new probabilistic model for the yield strength, which has been included in the new German National Annex DIN EN 1998‐1/NA:2018.
Ventricular arrhythmias not meeting criteria for terminating cardiopulmonary exercise testing stratify prognosis and disease severity in heart failure of preserved, midrange, and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Popovic Dejana , Arena Ross , Jakovljevic Djordje , Ristic Arsen , Guazzi Marco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundContinued high mortality in heart failure patients indicates the need for additional methods of risk stratification and phenotyping.HypothesisWe hypothesized that ventricular arrhythmias that do not meet test‐termination criteria (non‐terminating ventricular arrhythmias [NTVA]) during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) may help in phenotyping disease severity and prognosis in heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) and midrange (HFmrEF)/preserved (HFpEF) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).MethodsAbout 319 patients with heart failure (199 HFrEF; 80 HFmrEF; 41 HFpEF) underwent CPET. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) were measured by echocardiography. B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) at rest and peak exercise was also determined. The patients were tracked for primary (cardiac death) and secondary composite outcomes (all‐cause death, heart transplantation/left ventricular assist device implantation, hospitalization for cardiac reasons).ResultsForty‐seven (15%) of the patients demonstrated NTVA during CPET, regardless of coronary artery disease prevalence. Patients without arrhythmias had a significantly higher LVEF (P < .05), TAPSE/PASP ratio (P < .001), peak oxygen consumption (P < .01), lower resting and peak BNP (P < .001), and the minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope (P < .001) compared to those with NTVA. Seventy‐one patients died during the tracking period, 54 for cardiac reasons. NTVA during CPET was a significant predictor of primary and secondary outcomes in the total heart failure cohort (HR: 5.3, 3.7; 95% CI: 3.1‐9.1, 2.4‐5.5; P < .001, respectively), as well as in subgroups categorized according to reduced and middle‐range/preserved LVEF (P < .001).ConclusionExercise‐induced ventricular arrhythmias that do not reach test‐termination criteria are nonetheless indicative of an advanced disease severity phenotype and worse prognosis.
Agronomic optimal plant density for yield improvement in the major maize regions of China
Authors: Luo Ning , Wang Xingya , Hou Jiamin , Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Pu , Meng Qingfeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIdentifying the agronomic optimal plant density (AOPD) for maximum grain yield is essential to develop enhanced management strategies for maize (Zea mays L.) production. In this study, we used a boundary‐line method to examine the yield response of maize to plant density in China, based on the metadata (2783 data points) gathered from 157 recent studies during 2000–2017. We found the AOPD was 8.5 × 104 plants ha−1 in Northeast China, 9.3 × 104 plants ha−1 on the North China Plain, 10.5 × 104 plants ha−1 in Northwest China, and 8.0 × 104 plants ha−1 in Southwest China. Compared with current practices, potential grain yield with these AOPDs was improved by 13–20% for these major maize regions of China. Across regions, AOPDs were similar for spring‐planted (9.2 × 104 plants ha−1) and summer‐planted maize (9.3 × 104 plants ha−1) systems, although grain yield at the AOPD was 7% greater for the spring‐planted maize system. For different productivity environments, we found that high‐yielding plots obtained a yield of 18.2 Mg ha−1 at an AOPD of 11.6 × 104 plants ha−1, whereas in general productivity plots, 39% lower grain yield was achieved with a 19% lower AOPD (9.4 × 104 plants ha−1). In summary, this study illustrated AOPDs with modern maize hybrids for different productivity environments, cropping systems, and regions. Further study is needed to investigate the possible influence of agronomic factors such as lodging risks by increasing plant density.
Metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma with high‐grade transformation (“dedifferentiation”) in pleural effusion and neck lymph node: A diagnostic challenge on cytology?
Authors: Pusztaszeri Marc P. , Brochu Victor 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh‐grade transformation (HGT) or “dedifferentiation” is an uncommon phenomenon among salivary gland carcinomas including adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), which is important to recognize because it is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness, with a high propensity for lymph node and distant metastases. ACC with HGT is histologically characterized by a distinct population of poorly differentiated cells with loss of the typical biphasic ductal and myoepithelial differentiation seen in conventional ACC, associated with pleomorphism, necrosis and increased mitotic activity. We report the cytologic features of a case of metastatic ACC‐HGT in cervical lymph node and effusion, which, to the best of our knowledge, have not been described previously. When ACC presents both in atypical locations and with HGT, the danger of misdiagnosis is increased if the clinical history is lacking, incomplete or inaccurate. Since ACC‐HGT are rare (and possibly underdiagnosed) and do not have a specific set of cytological and/or immunohistochemical features, it is important for practicing cytopathologists to be aware of the possibility of encountering them, especially in specimens from patients with a history of ACC, in order to render the correct diagnosis.
Academia‐dot‐edu sends me gifts, i mean, notifications!
Authors: Sargsyan Nelli 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis poem invites the reader to co‐meditate on the conflicting realities with which scholars have to grapple. Issues include scholarship that is driven by theorizing emerging from everyday experiences, making one's scholarship palatable for academic markets, and desiring to engage in scholarship in a way that does not squeeze the life out of it.
On empirically estimating bullwhip effects: Measurement, aggregation, and impact
Authors: Yao Yuliang , Duan Yongrui , Huo Jiazhen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEmpirical estimation of the bullwhip effect poses several challenges, although the bullwhip effect has been well studied in modeling papers. Using a dataset from a large supermarket chain, we estimate the product level bullwhip effect using various methods, analyze consequences of its different measurements and aggregations, and examine its impact on supply chain performance in terms of inventory ratio and stockouts. We have three major findings. (a) Bullwhip effect estimates exhibit different magnitudes dependent on how they are measured. The material bullwhip effect is greater in magnitude than the information bullwhip effect in our data, where demand correlations are sufficiently low. (b) The aggregated bullwhip effect ratios by store and by time are lower than the disaggregated bullwhip effect ratios, indicating that the aggregated bullwhip effect ratios underestimate the bullwhip effect. The aggregated bullwhip effect ratios by product are lower than the disaggregated bullwhip effect ratios, indicating the bullwhip effect is not as strong as theory predicts due to order pooling. (c) The bullwhip effect is associated with poor supply chain performance, as measured by elevated inventory ratio and stockouts. However, if the bullwhip effect is measured inaccurately, these benefits can be underestimated as much as 75% for inventory and 25% for stockouts.
A study of impairments in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
Authors: Brisson Jean‐Denis , Gagnon Cynthia , Brais Bernard , Côté Isabelle , Mathieu Jean 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn this study we aimed to document the prevalence and age of onset of motor impairments and other key symptoms in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD).MethodsRetrospective chart review of patients followed at the Saguenay Neuromuscular Clinic (Quebec, Canada).ResultsA total of 333 participants with the (GCN)13 mutation were included. Before the age of 75 years, 27% of them had walking limitations, 14% could not climb stairs independently, and 14% used a wheelchair for long distances or daily living. The median age of onset was 54 years for ptosis and dysphagia and 58 years for lower limb proximal weakness. Other frequent symptoms included fatigue, pharyngeal pooling of thickened secretions, and dysphonia. The median age at death was 77 years and the main cause was respiratory disease.DiscussionThis study provides important information to help anticipatory guidance for affected people and for the development of therapeutic trials in OPMD.