bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CYP4 and CYP6 gene variability in genome of Aphis fabae mordvilkoi Börner & Janisch, 1922
Authors: Voronova N. V. , Varabyova M. M. , Bondarenko Yu. V. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. To estimate the variability of genes of 4th and 6th families of CYP450, which were extracted from the whole genome data of Aphis fabae mordvilkoi collected from Philadelphus coronaries L. in Belarus. Methods. The whole genome sequencing was carried out in the University of Utah DNA Sequencing and Genomic Core Facilities (USA). CYP4 and CYP6 gene sequences were extracted from the whole genome data by sequential mapping the whole genome reads to CYP4 and CYP6 CDSs of three reference genomes (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, 1776, Myzus persicae (Sulžer, 1776) и Diuraphis noxia (MordvilkoexKurdjumov, 1913)). All found uniqueversion of assembling were taken as a single gene. Results. In A. fabae mordvilkoi genome we found out 31 CYP4 genes and 24 from them were copies of CYP4C1s. We also found out 19 CYP6 gene sand 8 from them were identified as CYP6A13s. Variability of nucleotide an damino acid sequences of CYP4 and CYP6 CDSs were high. Conclusions. In A. fabae mordvilkoi genome most CYP4genes were identified as CYP4C1 and most CYP6 genes were CYP6A13s. Other CYP4 and CYP6 were mostly presented as single copies of different genes.Keywords: aphids, cytochrome p450, Aphis fabae, trophic specialization, gene copies.
Electrophoretic spectra and activity of peroxidase in winter plants of different varieties
Authors: Mamenko T. P. , Sirant L. V. , Dikun M. O. , Pochinok V. M. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. To study electrophoretic spectra and activity of peroxidase in seedlings of wheat varieties, which differ in genetically determined characteristics. Methods. Biochemicals using a native gel-electrophoresis and a spectrophotometer. Results. Among the studied varieties, the highest peroxidase activity in seedlings varied winter wheat varieties of Astarta, spruce sparrows Polba Golikovskaya and high-amylose wheat HAW. When comparing the molecular forms of the enzyme, it was found that in the seedlings of the studied varieties there were 8–9 isoforms with peroxidase activity, which differed in relative electrophoretic mobility. Inactive isoforms and isoforms with relatively fast mobility were stable and recorded in all studied varieties. The revealed forms with average electrophoretic mobility were in 90 % of the studied varieties. Conclusions. Electrophoretic spectra of peroxidase in seedlings of the studied varieties differ significantly in number and mobility of its multiple molecular forms. Electrophoretic spectra and activity of peroxidase can be used as diagnostic features for comparative analysis of the studied plants in the early phases of ontogeny.
Keywords: peroxidase, electrophoretic spectra, varieties, wheat (Triticum L.).
The SMAD4 transcription factor shows cytoplasmic retention in B-cells of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Authors: Matvieieva A. S. , Kovalevska L. M. , Kashuba E. V. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. To illuminate the reason of inactivity of the TGFB-SMAD2/3 pathways in CLL cells. Methods. CLL cells were isolated from peripheral blood of CLL patients, using gradient centrifugation at the ficoll. Expression and cellular localization of SMAD2, 3 and 4 proteins were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy, using specific antibodies. Results. The SMAD2 protein was basically not expressed in CLL cells, in contrast to B cells, isolated from the peripheral blood of a healthy donor. Moreover, the SMAD3 and SMAD4 proteins were localized exclusively in the cytoplasm (a proportion of SMAD3 was detected in the membrane) of CLL cells. Conclusions. The TGFB-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway is not active in CLL cells. We have found that SMAD2 is not expressed. Also, the nuclear heterodimers that consisted of SMAD3 and SMAD4 proteins, were not detected.
Keywords: chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLA), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), peripheral blood B-cells, SMAD, the TGFB-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway.
Brahispina – hereditary anomaly reducing the fertility of cattle
Authors: Mikhailova M. E. , Kireeva A. I. , Romanishko E. L. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. Rigid selection for a limited number of signs of productivity and the use of artificial insemination of cows relatively small number of the best bulls-producers led to a decrease in genetic variability. The study of the genetic structure of the golshtinized cattle population for the FANCI gene, which determines the development of Brachispinal Syndrome (BY), is relevant for the development of livestock breeding in the Republic of Belarus. The negative influence of this recessive genetic defect in the homozygous state leads to embryonic death or calf death in the early postembryonic period. Therefore, the hereditary brachispinal anomaly refers to the haplotype of HHO fertility. Methods. The material is DNA extracted from biological samples of animal tissues (blood, pinch of an ear). The studies were carried out using molecular genetic methods: PCR, sequencing. Results. 325 cattle were screened for mutation сarriers (HH0 (BY) fertility haplotypes). The frequency of carriers of mutations of the FANCI gene associated with bovine fertility in Belarus (HH0 (BYC)) is 3.38 %. Conclusions. Animals-carriers of the mutation are excluded from the selection process. In the future, it is necessary to strictly control the quality of imported pedigree products (material) to the Republic of Belarus.Keywords: haplotypes, fertility, mutations carriers, Brachyspina.
Polymorphism of alpha-amylase of soft wheat
Authors: Radchenko O. M. , Sirant L. V. , Dykun M. O. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. Study of polymorphism of alpha amylase in winter wheat varieties. Methods. Isoenzymes of alpha-amylase were detected by electrophoretic protein separation in a polyacrylamide gel. The germination index (GI) was calculated by Walker-Simmons: GI = (7xn1 + 6xn2 + ... + 1xn7) / 7 x N, where n1, n2, ..., n7 is the number of seeds sprouted on the first, second, and further days to the seventh day, respectively, N – the total number of grains. Results. Varieties were explored: Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, The Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute – National Center of Seed and Cultivar Investigation of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine, Odesa and german varieties.The polymorphism of wheat grain alpha-amylase was detected by the method of electrophoretic protein separation. We searched associations between variants of alpha-amylase and resistance to pre-harvest germination, the germination index in the studied samples was determined. Conclusions. The frequency of the prevalence of variants for isoenzymes of alpha-amylase in soft wheat varieties was estimated. It was shown that genotypes containing the variant of the isoenzymes АbC are more resistant to pre-harvest germination. Among the studied varieties of PBGI NAAS and IPPG NAS of Ukraine, the variant of alpha-amylase AbC.
Keywords: α-amylase, soft wheat, electrophoresis, varieties.
Jacob’s ladder Polemonium caeruleum L. and black salsify Sсorzonera hispanica L. in vitro culture
Authors: Bulko O. V. , Lioshina L. G. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. Micropropagation of Jacob’s ladder Polemonium caeruleum L. and black salsify Scorzonera hispanica L., obtaining root culture and regenerated plants. Methods. In vitro plant cultivation, medium composition modification for micropropagation, inoculation of explants with agrobacterial strains. Results. In vitro cultures of Jacob’s ladder and black salsify have been obtained, the optimal medium composition has been determined for the effective plants multiplication, rooting and growth, root cultures and regenerated plants of studied species have been obtained. Conclusions. Obtained technology of in vitro culture establishment of P. caeruleum and S. hispanica can be used for plants microclonal propagation so as root culture and regenerated plants acquiring due to the agrobacterial transformation – for further studies of secondary metabolism of these plants.
Keywords: P. caeruleum L., S. hispanica L., micropropagation, phytohormones, root culture.
James Watson’s genius (dedicated to the 90th birth anniversary)
Authors: Humeniuk H. B. , Mosula M. Z. , Chen I. B. , Drobyk N. M. 
Published: March 2020

The scientific and organizational activities of the worldwide known scientist in the field of molecular biology James Dewey Watson were described in this article. 55 years ago James Watson and Francis Crick made one of the key discoveries of the twentieth century. They have found that DNA has a double helix structure. This discovery was based on the X-rays patterns obtained by Maurice Wilkson and Rosalind Franklin. Subsequently, this DNA model had been proved, and J. Watson and F. Crick were awarded with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962. Since, our knowledge of the main molecule of life has been greatly expanded. A significant flowering of molecular genetics has began: synthesis of RNA and DNA in vitro, decoding of genetic code, recombinant DNA technology, genetic engineering, sequencing of genomes and post genomic technologies. James Watson is one of the authors of the cell biology classic textbook “Molecular Biology of the Cell”. In addition, he has developed the current areas of molecular biology such as molecular oncology and molecular neurobiology. Today genomes of different animals and humans have been decoded and the functions of many genes have been determined. But at present still unknown how the DNA starts and how it affects the work of the organs and the organism as a system.
Keywords: James Watson, DNA structure, Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, Molecular Biology of the Cell.
Modern methodical approaches to evaluation of the state of park forest ecosystems
Authors: Miroshnyk N. V. , Tertychna O. V. , Teslenko I. K. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. The aim of the research is to improve the methodological bases of the integrated the assessment of park forest ecosystems under the conditions of anthropogenic loading and to determine the direction of processes occurring in them. Methods. The methodology is based on the methods of systematic, comparative analysis, statistics, analytical, mathematical and subsequent mapping of actual and stock materials related to the formation and development of park ecosystems within a large city. Results and conclusions. At an integrated assessment of the state of park forest ecosystems, it is proposed to apply systemic, structural approaches involving the inclusion of three vectors of organization of complex systems (structural-functional, organization of levels in the live, differentiation by ecological niches). The application of criteria of parks structural organization on the basis of the modified index of structural diversity of forest ecosystem is proposed.
Keywords: park forest ecosystem, structural and functional components.
Genotype reaction and stability of crop production of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in years of testing
Authors: Bushulian O. V. , Stelmakh A. F. , Lamari N. P. , Fait V. I. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. Plants due to the hard attachment to the place of life, the lack of a system of internal thermoregulation, essentially depend on the variety of environmental limits. The general adaptability of a specific sample in plants plays a predominant role in determining the actual yield compared with its genetic potential. Methods. The most universal approach for determining this indicator is the use of the widely used method for evaluating stability parameters by Eberhart and Russell, which uses an integrated assessment of the environmental yield taking into account the interaction of "genotype × environment". The yield of 13 varieties of chickpea was estimated and compared by these parameters for 14 seasons. Results. The results of the two-factor dispersion analysis showed unequivocally high reliable impact of the conditions of the years of the test on the difference in yield. Conclusions. In the case of a favorable weather forecast, it is desirable to recommend promising varieties for better conditions, and in anticipation of strong stress limits, cultivars that exhibit greater yield under worse conditions will be in a more favorable position. Similar recommendations also apply to farms with different levels of agrotechnology.
Keywords: reaction of varieties, productivity, stability, chickpea.
Increase of oil content as an urgent task for hemp breeding
Authors: Vyrovets V. H. , Layko I. M. , Kyrychenko H. I. , Vereshchahin I. V. , Mishchenko S. V. , Biriukova T. S. , Suprun O. H. , Lyutenko V. S. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. An unusually long stay in the shade outside the breeding was such an important economic feature as the content of oil in the hemp seed. Preliminary data attempts to start a study in this direction, under various circumstances, were postponed for some time until the healing properties of the oil were discovered, hidden in the hemp seed. Methods. The third attempt of such researches is based on new high-fibered and high-yield varieties stable on the sign of monoeciousness non-narcotic hemp, the method of research of which is based on traditional breeding developments. Also, on examples of local varieties of ranges of folk selection, samples of world selection of dioecious and monoecious hemp and breeding new varieties, it was established that this feature is subject to systematic selection against the background of improving other varietal features. Results. On the example of restoring breeding to preserve the content of oil, a new population with a high oil content was created, which became the result of changes in the genotype of the Hliana variety by selection. Glutinous oil is characterized by a good ratio of unsaturated linoleic and linolenic acids as 3:1, which opens the prospects for the creation of new medicines. Conclusions. The conducted researches give rise to the hope that, over time, hemp will be added to many traits, and the new varieties will be different by high oil content also.
Keywords: monoecious drug-free industrial hemp, breeding, oil content, fatty acid composition.
Temporal predictability does not impact attentional blink performance: effects of fixed vs. random inter-trial intervals
Authors: Shenfield Lucienne , Beanland Vanessa , Apthorp Deborah 
Published: March 2020

Background
Does the inclusion of a randomized inter-trial interval (ITI) impact performance on an Attentional Blink (AB) task? The AB phenomenon is often used as a test of transient attention (Dux & Marois, 2009); however, it is unclear whether incorporating aspects of sustained attention, by implementing a randomized ITI, would impact task performance. The current research sought to investigate this, by contrasting a standard version of the AB task with a random ITI version to determine whether performance changed, reflecting a change in difficulty, engagement, or motivation.

Method
Thirty university students (21 female; age range 18–57, Mage= 21.5, SD = 7.4) completed both versions of the task, in counterbalanced order.

Results
No significant difference in performance was found between the standard AB task and the AB task with the random ITI. Bayesian analyses suggested moderate evidence for the null.

Conclusion
Temporal unpredictability did not appear to impact task performance. This suggests that the standard AB task has cognitive properties with regards to task difficulty, engagement, and motivation, that are inherently similar to tasks that employ a randomized ITI to measure sustained attention (e.g., the Psychomotor Vigilance Task; PVT; Dinges & Powell, 1985). This finding provides important support for future research which may seek to obtain a more detailed understanding of attention through the comparison of performance on transient and sustained attention tasks.
Diversity of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda and their gut bacterial community in Kenya
Authors: Gichuhi Joseph , Sevgan Subramanian , Khamis Fathiya , Van den Berg Johnnie , du Plessis Hannalene , Ekesi Sunday , Herren Jeremy K. 
Published: March 2020

Background
The invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a polyphagous pest that causes widespread damage particularly to maize and sorghum in Africa. The microbiome associated with S. frugiperda could play a role in the insects’ success and adaptability. However, bacterial communities in S. frugiperda remain poorly studied.

Methods
We investigated the composition, abundance and diversity of microbiomes associated with larval and adult specimens of S. frugiperda collected from four maize growing regions in Kenya through high throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The population structure of S. frugiperda in Kenya was assessed through amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene.

Results
We identified Proteobacteria and Firmicutes as the most dominant bacterial phyla and lesser proportions of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. We also observed differences in bacterial microbiome diversity between larvae and adults that are a likely indication that some prominent larval bacterial groups are lost during metamorphosis. However, several bacterial groups were found in both adults and larvae suggesting that they are transmitted across developmental stages. Reads corresponding to several known entomopathogenic bacterial clades as well as the fungal entomopathogen, Metarhizium rileyi, were observed. Mitochondrial DNA haplotyping of the S. frugiperda population in Kenya indicated the presence of both “Rice” and “Corn” strains, with a higher prevalence of the “Rice” strain.
Application of a high-quality, high-volume trap–neuter–return model of community cats in Seoul, Korea
Authors: Cho Yoonju , Kim Kyunghee , Kim Min Su , Lee Inhyung 
Published: March 2020

Background
This study was performed to determine the characteristics of community cats that were admitted to trap–neuter–return(TNR) programs and the feasibility of the high-quality, high-volume spay/neuter (HQHVSN) model in Seoul, Korea.

Methods
TNR programs were performed eight times from 2017 to 2018, and a total of 375 community cats from the pilot areas were admitted. The pilot areas were selected regions wherein caregivers voluntarily participated in our TNR program. Each cat was anesthetized, assessed for health status, sterilized, vaccinated against feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus and panleukopenia (FVR-CP), and rabies, and treated with insecticide after surgery. The time from anesthesia to recovery was evaluated to verify the efficiency of surgical time of the program. The TNR program at a local animal hospital and the program in this study were compared to assess the veterinary treatment administered and the cost for each cat.

Results
A total of 375 cats were underwent TNR in this study, including 192 (51.2%) intact females, 180 (48%) intact males, and three (0.8%) sterilized cats. Following surgery, 372 cats (99.2%) were returned to their original locations. Three cats (0.8%) died postoperatively. On average, 21.9% of the cats were pregnant during the TNRs, and the highest percentage of cats (63.9%) were pregnant in March. All cats presented to the TNR program were considered healthy enough to be part of the program after examination. For neutering one animal at a time, similar to conventional TNR ($140), it took 53 ± 16 mins for females and 30 ± 9 mins for males from anesthesia to recovery. In contrast, the standardized procedure can neuter multiple cats simultaneously, similar to the conveyor system, at an estimated rate of 6.8 mins per cat ($45 per female cat, $30 per male cat).

Conclusions
The TNR strategy in Seoul should be implemented by establishing dedicated clinics to concentrate on HQHVSN surgeries of cats. Through this pilot study, we were able to demonstrate that it is possible to effectively apply HQHVSN clinics in Korea. Future studies that perform intensive sterilization in targeted areas are necessary to confirm the efficacy of the TNR strategy.
INFLUENCE OF OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS OF SCALDING IN THE QUALITY OF BROILER CARCASSES IN INDUSTRIAL SCALE
Authors: Anghinoni Edson , Hamann Daniele , Cansian Rogério Luis , Junges Alexander , Valduga Eunice , Steffens Clarice 
Published: March 2020

The processing steps as scalding and de-feathering in the poultry industry have a great impact in meat quality. In this sense, the aim of this work is to evaluate the temperature effect (52, 57 and 62ºC), broiler weight (2.4-2.6, 2.8-3.0 and 3.2- 3.4 kg) and broiler processing line speed (4.000, 6.500 and 9000 broilers/h) of the scalding and de-feathering in the meat quality. An experimental design 23 was employed to evaluate the physical characteristics (absence of torn breast skin, epidermis, feather on wing and uropygium), color (L*, a*, b*), texture profile (hardness, adhesiveness, elasticity, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience), and pH of broiler breast fillets. The pH did not suffer significant effect (p>0.05) of the variables between the ranges studied. In general, the better meat quality was obtained at 57°C scalding temperature, 3.0-3.2 kg weight and 6500 broilers/h processing line speed. In addition, these conditions are applicable to removal the epidermis, feather on wing and uropygium.
CsPbBr3 Nanocrystal Films: Deviations from Bulk Vibrational and Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Motti Silvia G. , Krieg Franziska , Ramadan Alexandra J. , Patel Jay B. , Snaith Henry J. , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Johnston Michael B. , Herz Laura M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMetal‐halide perovskites (MHP) are highly promising semiconductors for light‐emitting and photovoltaic applications. The colloidal synthesis of nanocrystals (NCs) is an effective approach for obtaining nearly defect‐free MHP that can be processed into inks for low‐cost, high‐performance device fabrication. However, disentangling the effects of surface ligands, morphology, and boundaries on charge‐carrier transport in thin films fabricated with these high‐quality NCs is inherently difficult. To overcome this fundamental challenge, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is employed to optically probe the photoconductivity of CsPbBr3 NC films. The vibrational and optoelectronic properties of the NCs are compared with those of the corresponding bulk polycrystalline perovskite and significant deviations are found. Charge‐carrier mobilities and recombination rates are demonstrated to vary significantly with the NC size. Such dependences derive from the localized nature of charge carriers within NCs, with local mobilities dominating over interparticle transport. It is further shown that the colloidally synthesized NCs have distinct vibrational properties with respect to the bulk perovskite, exhibiting blue‐shifted optical phonon modes with enhanced THz absorption strength that also manifest as strong modulations in the THz photoconductivity spectra. Such fundamental insights into NC versus bulk properties will guide the optimization of nanocrystalline perovskite thin films for optoelectronic applications.