bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning the rules of the game: How is corporate masculinity learned and enacted by male professionals from nonprivileged backgrounds?
Authors: Giazitzoglu Andreas , Muzio Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFocusing on the lived intersection of social class and hegemonic masculinity, this article uses data elicited over a 5‐year period to analyze the experiences of 10 white male participants from nonprivileged socioeconomic backgrounds, who were recruited as information technology professionals by a prestigious professional service firm (PSF). Employing a Bourdieusian perspective, we reveal how participants learned to enact the configuration of corporate masculinity deemed hegemonic in the field of their employing PSF. We pay particular attention to how participants engaged with distinctive forms of cultural capital to enact corporate masculinity, and the symbolic violence and “hidden injuries of class” this represents and leads to. In turn, we highlight how classed masculine norms create exclusion, marginalization, and discrimination in organizations. We suggest that class becomes recognized as a germane area for scholars of diversity and inequality to focus on and integrate in the future, in their ongoing investigations into which social norms create marginalization in organizations.
Loss and recovery after concussion: Adolescent patients give voice to their concussion experience
Authors: Choudhury Romita , Kolstad Ash , Prajapati Vishvesh , Samuel Gina , Yeates Keith Owen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost concussion studies have focused on the perspectives and expertise of health‐care providers and caregivers. Very little qualitative research has been done, engaging the adolescents who have suffered concussion and continue to experience the consequences in their everyday life.ObjectiveTo understand the experiences of recovery from the perspective of adolescent patients of concussion and to present the findings through their voices.MethodsTwo semi‐structured focus groups and two narrative interviews were conducted with a small group of 7 adolescents. Grounded theory was used to analyse the data.ResultsParticipants experience continuing difficulty 1‐5 years after treatment with cognitive, emotional, social and mental well‐being. The overriding experience among older adolescents (17‐20) is a sense of irreversibility of the impact of concussion in all these areas.ConclusionThere is a significant gap between the medical determination of recovery and what patients understand as recovery. Adolescents do not feel ‘recovered’ more than a year after they are clinically assessed as ‘good to go’. Systematic follow‐up and support from a multi‐disciplinary health‐care team would strengthen youths' coping and resilience.
Change in slide direction of submarine landslides in the Pliocene‐Quaternary deposits near the Shimokita Peninsula, northeast Japan, using 3D seismic data
Authors: Nakamura Yuki , Ashi Juichiro , Morita Sumito 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSubmarine landslides constitute a major mass transport process from shallow‐ to deep‐sea and may have catastrophic impacts on both offshore infrastructure and coastal areas. Previous studies on submarine landslides have focused on triggering mechanisms and precondition perspectives, targeting limited numbers of short‐term landslide events. Consequently, few studies have addressed long‐term changes in landslide characteristics, including volume, direction, and timing. The areas studied herein are located on the continental slope facing the Japan Trench off the Shimokita Peninsula, northeast Japan, where a number of large‐scale translational‐type submarine landslide and accompanying unique dike structures have been identified in Pliocene to Recent deposits via 3D seismic data analysis. Here we developed a procedure for recognizing landslide deposits in 3D seismic data from the survey area, then investigated the 3D deposit distributions in detail. Because translational landslides preserve original structures, they can be used to estimate landslide volume. Parallel dike swarm features, which are interpreted as dewatering paths formed soon after landslide events, enable estimation of slide direction in time‐slice images. Such analysis also allows differentiation of landslide deposits from background sediments and estimation of landslide volume. Landslides exceeding 50 km3 in volume have occurred numerous times in the past 6 my. Landslides directions are observed from southwest to northeast over this entire period, whereas slides trending northwest to southeast started at ~ 2 Ma. Although the landslide sizes vary greatly, the average landslide volumes are roughly constant throughout Pliocene and Quaternary time. Such shifts in long‐term trends suggest a change in tectonics in the landslide source region. These unique long‐term records (over 6 my) are enabled by the specific conditions in the study region, which include translational landslides, parallel dike swarms, and monotonous lithology.
Divergent Heterogeneities in Iranian Migration in France: Semantic and Theoretical Limitations of Diaspora
Authors: Etemadifard Seyed Mahdi , Khazaei Tahereh 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTDespite its widespread use as an equivalent for migrant populations, the term diaspora remains semantically and theoretically ambiguous. This study hypothesizes that the term diaspora fails to represent Iranian migration and its divergent heterogeneities. Discussing theoretical approaches to the diaspora, the characteristics of Iranian migration, and the findings of interviews with forty young Iranian migrants living in France, the present study attempts to offer a more suitable alternative to the term diaspora. It will be revealed that the heterogeneity of Iranian migration in causes, the conception of migration experience, as well as disinclination to create a unified community in host countries, lead Iranians living outside their country to form scattered clusters. The term proposed to be used in lieu of diaspora is archipelago ethnicity, which shows both the heterogeneity and divergence in Iranian migration in general and represents the only connection between the scattered and isolated islands, that is Iranian‐ness.
A novel role for farnesoid X receptor in the bile acid‐mediated intestinal glucose homeostasis
Authors: Zhao Long , Xuan Zefeng , Song Wenfeng , Zhang Shiyu , Li Zequn , Song Guangyuan , Zhu Xingxin , Xie Haiyang , Zheng Shusen , Song Penghong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe farnesoid X receptor (FXR), as a bile acid (BA) sensor, plays an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. However, the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of FXR on intestinal glucose homeostasis remain elusive. Herein, we demonstrated that FXR and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) are essential for BA‐mediated glucose homeostasis in the intestine. BA‐activated FXR enhanced glucose uptake in intestinal epithelial cells by increasing the expression of GLUT2, which depended on ERK1/2 phosphorylation via S1PR2. However, it also reduced the cell energy generation via inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, which is crucial for intestinal glucose transport. Moreover, BA‐activated FXR signalling potently inhibited specific glucose flux through the intestinal epithelium to the circulation, which reduced the increase in blood glucose levels in mice following oral glucose administration. This trend was supported by the changed ratio of GLUT2 to SGLT1 in the brush border membrane (BBM), including especially decreased GLUT2 abundance in the BBM. Furthermore, impaired intestinal FXR signalling was observed in the patients with intestinal bile acid deficiency (IBAD). These findings uncover a novel function by which FXR sustains the intestinal glucose homeostasis and provide a rationale for FXR agonists in the treatment of IBAD‐related hyperglycaemia.
Banker plants promote functional biodiversity and decrease populations of the cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes proletella
Authors: Laurenz Sebastian , Meyhöfer Rainer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, potential banker plant systems against the cabbage whitefly Aleyrodes proletella Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) were developed under controlled conditions. The two most promising banker plant systems, that is, the parasitoid Encarsia tricolor Förster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) either with Aleyrodes lonicerae Walker on European columbine (columbine system) or with Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Hokkaido squash (pumpkin system), were further evaluated in the field. Although the pumpkin system produced three times more parasitoids than the columbine system, both banker plants led to an 1.5‐fold increase in A. proletella parasitism rates. However, only the pumpkin system increased the abundance of syrphid larvae on cabbage by 61.5% and reduced A. proletella populations on average by 4.4%–25.8% depending on the respective assessment date. In conclusion, the pumpkin system revealed to be a promising (supplementary) control measure against A. proletella. Options for further improvement and standardization of the pumpkin system as well as a potential implementation in cabbage production are discussed.
Inherent immunological parameters in kutum, Rutilus frisii, larvae obtained from the adult females with orange and green eggs
Authors: Ghorbankhah Maedeh , Bani Ali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKutum (Rutilus frisii) displays different egg colours during the spawning season, mostly due to the presence of carotenoid pigments. In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between the egg colour and muscle lipid of adult female kutum and the correlation between egg carotenoid content and the immune parameters of larvae. The results from this study highlighted the positive influence of egg carotenoid on post‐fertilization stages, such as elevating the innate immune parameters in larvae.
Acetylcholine modulates K+ and Na+ currents in human basal forebrain cholinergic neuroblasts through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism
Authors: Coppi Elisabetta , Cherchi Federica , Sarchielli Erica , Fusco Irene , Guarnieri Giulia , Gallina Pasquale , Corradetti Renato , Pedata Felicita , Vannelli Gabriella B. , Pugliese Anna Maria , Morelli Annamaria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Nucleus Basalis of Meynert (NBM) is the main source of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain to be crucially involved in cognitive functions and whose degeneration correlates with cognitive decline in major degenerative pathologies as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, knowledge concerning NBM neurons derived from human brain is very limited to date.We recently characterized a primary culture of proliferating neuroblasts isolated from the human fetal NBM (hfNBM) as immature cholinergic neurons expressing the machinery to synthetize and release acetylcholine. Here we studied in detail electrophysiological features and cholinergic effects in this cell culture by patch‐clamp recordings. Our data demonstrate that atropine‐blocked muscarinic receptor activation by acetylcholine or carbachol enhanced IK and reduced INa currents by stimulating Gi‐coupled M2 or phospholipase C‐coupled M3 receptors, respectively. Inhibition of acetylcholine esterase activity by neostigmine unveiled a spontaneous acetylcholine release from hfNBM neuroblasts that might account for an autocrine/paracrine signaling during human brain development. Present data provide the first description of cholinergic effects in human NBM neurons and point to a role of acetylcholine as an autocrine/paracrine modulator of voltage‐dependent channels. Our research could be of relevance in understanding the mechanisms of cholinergic system development and functions in the human brain, either in health or disease.
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Efficacy of topical vs combined oral and topical antifungals in white piedra of the scalp
Authors: El Attar Yasmina , Atef Shams Eldeen Maii , Wahid Reham M. , Alakad Rania 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTopical antifungals are the most commonly used therapy in white piedra of the scalp. However, persistence and relapse of infection still pose a significant challenge. Systemic antifungals have been recommended to enhance the therapeutic response.AimsTo compare the efficacy of topical antifungal alone versus combined topical and oral antifungals in the treatment of white piedra of the scalp.MethodsSixty patients with white piedra of the scalp were divided into 3 groups, each containing 20 patients. Group A received topical clotrimazole, group B received combined topical clotrimazole and oral itraconazole, and group C received combined topical clotrimazole and oral terbinafine. The treatment was continued until clearance of infection was confirmed by dermoscopic and mycological examination. Positive responders were followed up for 3 months after treatment.ResultsAll the patients achieved complete clearance of infection. The median treatment time in group B was significantly shorter than group A (P < .001) and group C (P < .001), respectively. In addition, the median treatment time in group C was significantly shorter than group A (P = .002). No recurrence of infection was noted during follow‐up period.ConclusionThe three modalities were effective in the treatment of white piedra of the scalp. The most rapid response was observed with the combined use of topical and oral azoles.
Does hyoscine N‐butylbromide shorten the active phase in labor? A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lin Wei‐Lin , Szu Li‐Ting , Chou Pao‐Yu , Hsu Chun‐Sen , Chen Chiehfeng , Liang So‐Jung , Chen Kee‐Hsin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of the study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of hyoscine N‐butylbromide (HBB) in active phase of labor and its safety to mother and fetus.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted on Cochrane Library, Pubmed, EMBASE, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov and three databases in Chinese up to March 31, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of HBB administration during the active phase for shortening of spontaneous labor at term compared with placebo were included. Two reviewers assessed the methodological quality and data extraction independently. We calculated pooled risk ratios (RRs), mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Review Manager 5.3 software. Intention‐to‐treat principles and random‐effects model were adopted for analysis and pool results.ResultsIn total, 1448 women from 9 RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis. The HBB group exhibited significantly decreased durations of active phase (MD −61.1 min; 95% CI: −87.7 to −34.4, I2: 96%), the second stage (MD −2.0 min; 95% CI: −3.4 to −0.5, I2: 62%), and third stage (MD −0.7 min; 95% CI: −1.1 to −0.3, I2: 51%). Intravenous (IV) HBB group and intramuscularly (IM) HBB group were compared to the control group (MD −60.9 min; 95% CI −87.7 to −34.1, I2: 96%). No significant differences were observed in Cesarean section, post‐partum hemorrhage, instrumental labor, Apgar scores or any adverse effects.ConclusionHyoscine N‐butylbromide had a significant effect of shortening the duration of the active phase of labor without adverse effects. We recommend a single dose of intravenous administrated HBB when a woman undergoes labor augmentation.
Consumers' attitudes towards 3D printed foods after a positive experience: An exploratory study
Authors: Manstan Tiffany , Chandler Sarah L. , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract3D food printing has far‐reaching potential in the food industry; however, consumer attitudes towards 3D food printing need to be evaluated. The present study investigated consumers' attitudes towards 3D food printing after consuming a cookie that was labeled as 3D printed. The participants (n = 133) first evaluated two cookies (conventional and “3D printed”) using hedonic scales and a check‐all‐that‐apply question. The participants were then asked to answer survey questions (7‐point Likert scale) and open‐ended comments about 3D printing. The results of the survey questions indicated that after consuming the “3D printed” cookie, the participants were willing to eat 3D printed foods and felt they were sustainable. The open‐ended comments highlighted some barriers to consumers' acceptance, including disgust, safety and unacceptability of 3D printed meat products. The findings illustrate that participants are less fearful of novel technologies if they have a positive experience with a food item produced by that technology.Practical applicationsA sensory trial (hedonic scales and check‐all‐that‐apply) was used as a priming step before asking participants about their attitudes towards 3D food printing. The participants' opinions were identified using quantitative (7‐point Likert scales) and qualitative (open‐ended comments) questions. The open‐ended comments allowed the participants to build on the responses they expressed with the Likert scales and identified other attitudes that were not included in the quantitative questions. Studies on consumer attitudes should include both quantitative and qualitative questions. The results indicated that if consumers have a positive experience with a 3D printed product (evaluated using hedonic scales), they have positive attitudes towards 3D printing. Additionally, the study highlighted for 3D food printing to be accepted by consumers; their concerns about safety and the unacceptability of 3D printed meat products need to be addressed.
Comparison of the microbial communities of alpacas and sheep fed diets with three different ratios of corn stalk to concentrate
Authors: Chao Ruimin , Xia Chengqiang , Pei Caixia , Huo Wenjie , Liu Qiang , Zhang Chunxiang , Ren Youshe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of ruminal microbial communities of alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed three diets with varying ratios of roughage (corn stalk) to concentrate, 3:7 (LS), 5:5 (MS) and 7:3 (HS). Six alpacas (one‐year‐old and weighing 29.5 ± 7.1 kg) and six sheep (one‐year‐old and weighing 27.9 ± 2.7 kg) were used in this study, in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment. Total protozoa concentration was determined under the microscope; total fungi and methanogens were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as a percentage of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies; bacterial communities were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing. The percentage of fungi was significantly higher in alpacas than in sheep under the LS diet, while the concentration of protozoa was significantly lower in alpacas under HS, MS and LS diets. The alpha diversity including Shannon, Chao l and ACE indices of bacterial communities was higher in alpacas than in sheep, under the LS diet. A total of 299 genera belonging to 22 phyla were observed in the forestomach of alpaca and sheep, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominating both animal species. Phyla Armatimonadetes and Fusobacteria, as well as 64 genera, were detected only in alpacas, whereas phyla Acidobacteria and Nitrospira, as well as 44 genera, were found only in sheep. The abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, including Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio, was higher in alpacas than in sheep under all three diets. These differences in the forestomach microbial communities partly explained why alpacas displayed a higher poor‐quality roughage digestibility, and a lower methane production. Results also revealed that the adverse effects of high‐concentrate diets (70%) were lesser in alpacas than in sheep.
SylvanSeeds, a seed germination database for temperate deciduous forests
Authors: Fernández‐Pascual Eduardo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeed traits have functional significance at all levels of plant ecology, but there is a lack of germination databases of wide geographical scope. This report presents SylvanSeeds (https://efernandezpascual.github.io/home/sylvanseeds.html), a first global database of germination records for an ecologically coherent unit: temperate broad‐leaved and mixed forests. Data were gathered with a systematic literature search. A list of frequent taxa of the study area was created using 14,963 vegetation relevés from the sPlot database. The list was searched in the Web of Science. In total, 6,791 references were screened, finding 555 articles from which data were extracted. SylvanSeeds includes 4,012 germination records of 334 species from 72 families (gymnosperms and angiosperms), collected in 46 countries between 1920 and 2017. It provides raw data for meta‐analysis: proportions of seeds germinated in laboratory experiments of scarification, stratification, light/darkness, and constant/alternating temperatures. SylvanSeeds is freely distributed as a csv file. A shiny web app is also presented, to make data accessible to the public. SylvanSeeds advances functional seed ecology and brings two innovations to plant science. First, the data‐gathering methodology can be extended to other biomes. Second, database and app can be a standard in further efforts to compile germination data.
Evolution of diet in extant marsupials: emergent patterns from a broad phylogenetic perspective
Authors: Amador Lucila I. , Giannini Norberto P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Extant marsupials are highly diverse, both morphologically and ecologically. As a key ecological factor, diet has been studied in marsupials at the species level. However, a general lack of phylogenetic integration has resulted in macroevolutionary patterns of diet remaining largely unexplored in the group.

We review dietary information for extant marsupials and present the results of an evolutionary analysis in an explicit phylogenetic framework.

We compiled dietary data from diverse sources, coding characters in four dietary schemes. We reconstructed ancestral states of predominant diet and dietary shifts during marsupial evolution, by using a published, dated phylogeny that includes 193 extant species representing 97% of genera.

The ancestral diet was predominant insectivory. Most frequent transitions occurred towards carnivory, since the late Eocene. By contrast, the shift towards browse herbivory occurred only once, in Australasia, in Diprotodontia, as early as the Palaeocene. The browse herbivorous ancestor gave rise to several other herbivore strategies, as well as to the predominant mycophagy that evolved in Potoroidae. In the Americas, only one extant marsupial clade evolved predominant herbivory (frugivory in Caluromyinae). We found omnivory to be a derived dietary strategy that occurred in both American and Australasian lineages. Temporal and geographic patterns of marsupial dietary diversification appear to be dependent on major palaeoclimatic events and on concurrent diversification of other (placental) clades.

The higher frequency of transitions from an insectivorous ancestor towards carnivory might be related to the minor anatomical, physiological and molecular changes required by a transition within an animalivory (protein‐based) dietary gradient, in contrast with major changes required by shifts towards herbivory (carbohydrate‐based diet). The contrasting evolutionary patterns of diet between marsupials in the Americas and Australasia may be explained, at least partially, by the radically different faunas with which marsupials from each region interacted during their parallel evolutionary history.