bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytochrome P450 phenotyping using the Geneva cocktail improves metabolic capacity prediction in a hospitalized patient population
Authors: Gloor Yvonne S. , Mouterde Médéric , Terrier Jean , Lenoir Camille , Gosselin Pauline , Rollason Victoria , Reny Jean‐Luc , Boukouvala Sotiria , Al‐Yahyaee Said , Yimer Getnet , Černý Viktor , Poloni Estella S. , Samer Caroline F. , Daali Youssef 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsLiver cytochromes (CYPs) play an important role in drug metabolism but display a large interindividual variability resulting both from genetic and environmental factors. Most drug dose adjustment guidelines are based on genetics performed in healthy volunteers. However, hospitalized patients are not only more likely to be the target of new prescriptions and drug treatment modifications than healthy volunteers, but will also be more subject to polypharmacy, drug–drug interactions, or to suffer from disease or inflammation affecting CYP activities.MethodsWe compared predicted phenotype based on genetic data and measured phenotype using the Geneva cocktail to determine the extent of drug metabolizing enzyme variability in a large population of hospitalized patients (>500) and healthy young volunteers (>300). We aimed to assess the correlation between predicted and measured phenotype in the two populations.ResultsWe found that, even in cases where the genetically predicted metabolizer group correlates well with measured CYP activity at group level, this prediction lacks accuracy for the determination of individual metabolizer capacities. Drugs can have a profound impact on CYP activity, but even after combining genetic and drug treatment information, the activity of a significant proportion of extreme metabolizers could not be explained.ConclusionsOur results support the use of measured metabolic ratios in addition to genotyping for accurate determination of individual metabolic capacities to guide personalized drug prescription.
Does Voice Gap Influence Workers’ Job Attitudes and Well‐Being? Measuring Voice as a Dimension of Job Quality
Authors: Díaz‐Linhart Yaminette , Kochan Thomas , Minster Arrow , Park Dongwoo , Yang Duanyi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article investigates worker voice as a dimension of job quality and examines its link with job‐related outcomes. We refine and test a multi‐measure concept of the ‘voice gap’ to capture how much influence workers expect to have compared to what they actually have on a set of work‐related issues. Analysing a survey of 1307 American workers, we find that workers distinguish between a voice gap on issues related to their own interests (‘worker‐issues voice gap’) and those related to their employing organization's interests (‘organizational‐strategy voice gap’). Even after controlling for other dimensions of job quality, a larger voice gap is statistically associated with lower job satisfaction and well‐being, as well as higher levels of burnout and turnover intention. Additionally, we find that worker‐issues voice gap has a stronger and more significant effect than an organizational‐strategy voice gap. Based on these results, we recommend incorporating the voice gap measure in future worker voice research and as a practical tool for evaluating voice as a dimension of job quality.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection versus endoscopic mucosal resection for laterally spreading rectal tumours
Authors: Alric Hadrien , Barret Maximilien , Becar Alix , Perez Cuadrado Robles Enrique , Belle Arthur , Perrod Guillaume , Corre Félix , Chaussade Stanislas , Cellier Christophe , Rahmi Gabriel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimEndoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are the two main techniques used for endoscopic resection of superficial rectal tumours. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of ESD and EMR in treating superficial rectal tumours.MethodA retrospective observational study was conducted at two French centres including all patients treated with ESD or EMR for superficial rectal tumours. The primary outcome was the rate of local recurrence at the first follow‐up endoscopy after endoscopic resection. Secondary outcomes included the curative resection rate, procedure duration, length of hospital stay, complication rates and the need for additional surgery.ResultsA total of 254 patients were included, 159 treated with ESD and 95 treated with EMR. The local recurrence rate at the first follow‐up endoscopy was 8.6% and was significantly lower in the ESD group than in the EMR group (4.3% vs. 16.9%; p = 0.005). The rates of en bloc and histologically complete resections were higher in the ESD group (88.1% vs. 42.7% and 85.5% vs. 38.9%, respectively; p < 0.001), while the curative resection rate was 90.6% in the EMR group and 92.5% in the ESD group (p = 0.59). Mostly due to poor histoprognostical criteria, 6.0% of patients underwent additional surgery (6.3% vs. 5.2% in the ESD vs. EMR group, respectively; p = 0.73).ConclusionESD demonstrated higher rates of en bloc, R0 resection than EMR, translating into significantly lower rates of local recurrence at the first follow‐up endoscopy.
Multimodal Integration of Mel Spectrograms and Text Transcripts for Enhanced Automatic Speech Recognition: Leveraging Extractive Transformer‐Based Approaches and Late Fusion Strategies
Authors: Mehra Sunakshi , Ranga Virender , Agarwal Ritu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis research endeavor aims to advance the field of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) by innovatively integrating multimodal data, specifically textual transcripts and Mel Spectrograms (2D images) obtained from raw audio. This study explores the less‐explored potential of spectrograms and linguistic information in enhancing spoken word recognition accuracy. To elevate ASR performance, we propose two distinct transformer‐based approaches: First, for the audio‐centric approach, we leverage RegNet and ConvNeXt architectures, initially trained on a massive dataset of 14 million annotated images from ImageNet, to process Mel Spectrograms as image inputs. Second, we harness the Speech2Text transformer to decouple text transcript acquisition from raw audio. We pre‐process Mel Spectrogram images, resizing them to 224 × 224 pixels to create two‐dimensional audio representations. ImageNet, RegNet, and ConvNeXt individually categorize these images. The first channel generates the embeddings for visual modalities (RegNet and ConvNeXt) on 2D Mel Spectrograms. Additionally, we employ Sentence‐BERT embeddings via Siamese BERT networks to transform Speech2Text transcripts into vectors. These image embeddings, along with Sentence‐BERT embeddings from speech transcription, are subsequently fine‐tuned within a deep dense model with five layers and batch normalization for spoken word classification. Our experiments focus on the Google Speech Command Dataset (GSCD) version 2, encompassing 35‐word categories. To gauge the impact of spectrograms and linguistic features, we conducted an ablation analysis. Our novel late fusion strategy unites word embeddings and image embeddings, resulting in remarkable test accuracy rates of 95.87% for ConvNeXt, 99.95% for RegNet, and 85.93% for text transcripts across the 35‐word categories, as processed by the deep dense layered model with Batch Normalization. We obtained a test accuracy of 99.96% for 35‐word categories after using the late fusion of ConvNeXt + RegNet + SBERT, demonstrating superior results compared to other state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Psychometric evaluation of the PROMIS parent proxy mobility item bank for use in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Lowes Linda Pax , Le Reun Corinne M. , Alfano Lindsay N. , Reash Natalie F. , Iammarino Megan A. , Patel Shivangi , Audhya Ivana F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the psychometric properties and measurement quality of the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Parent Proxy (PROMIS PP) Mobility item bank (v1.0, 23 items) for children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), through Rasch statistical analysis.MethodDe‐identified PROMIS PP Mobility items were completed by the caregivers of male patients with DMD, aged 4 to 12 years, as part of standard clinical care at the Nationwide Children's Hospital clinic; data were mined retrospectively from electronic health records. Rasch analysis was used to assess the internal functioning of the measure and items.ResultsOverall, 151 observations were available for the Rasch analysis, equally split between patients aged 4 to 7 years and 8 to 12 years. After removing clinically irrelevant items and regrouping response options for specific items, the resulting 19‐item measure demonstrated overall good fit to Rasch model expectations and the ability to discriminate between respondents with different mobility levels (Person Separation Index = 0.95, excellent reliability).InterpretationThe customized PROMIS PP Mobility measure demonstrated good fit and may be a reliable option for mobility assessment in children with DMD. Rasch analysis can be used by other researchers to improve the sensitivity of patient‐reported outcomes in their field of interest.
Study on Mode I Fracture Characteristics and Fracture Surface Morphology of Concrete–Sandstone Under Different Loading Rates
Authors: Deng Xiaojiang , Shen Mingxuan , Zhao Yu , Bi Jing , Wang Chaolin , Zhang Yongfa , Li Yang , Ning Lin , Zheng Kun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the effect of various loading rates (0.02, 0.05, 0.5, and 1 mm/min) on the fracture characteristics of Mode I concrete–rock composites. Digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE) techniques are used to analyze cracked straight‐through Brazilian discs (CSTBD). Significant changes in Shannon entropy were observed before fracture failure, suggesting it as a reliable precursor indicator. The study found that as loading rates increased, the time for CSTBD to undergo plastic deformation decreased, leading to more transgranular and intergranular fractures. Surface morphology analysis revealed that fractal dimensions and surface roughness (Rrms) increased with higher loading rates. A MATLAB program, using power spectral density (PSD) to evaluate the joint roughness coefficient (JRC), demonstrated greater efficiency and accuracy compared with traditional visual assessment methods. This highlights the PSD method's superior performance in determining JRC values.
Effect of Network Structure Morphology on Fatigue Crack Propagation in Sintered Compact Composed of High‐Entropy Alloy CrMnFeCoNi and 304SS
Authors: Ito Arisa , Fujita Keisuke , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Kikuchi Shoichi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, high‐entropy alloy (HEA; CrMnFeCoNi) and austenitic stainless steel (SS; AISI304L) powders were consolidated to fabricate sintered compacts having a network structure composed of a coarse‐grained SS structure surrounded by an interconnected fine‐grained HEA structure. A small‐particle‐size HEA powder and large‐particle‐size SS powder were mixed at various volume ratios and then consolidated by spark plasma sintering. The threshold stress intensity factor range, ΔKth, for the sintered compacts with a HEA network structure did not depend on the volume fractions of HEA and SS, whereas ΔKth for the sintered compacts with the opposite SS network structure tended to decrease with increasing HEA content. The effective threshold stress intensity factor range, ΔKeff,th, for the HEA network structure was higher than that for the opposite SS network series because fatigue cracks preferentially propagated through the coarse‐grained SS structure with a high ΔKeff,th in the HEA network structure.
Mineral and Microbial Properties Drive the Formation of Mineral‐Associated Organic Matter and Its Response to Increased Temperature
Authors: Zhao Jianing , Feng Xuehui , Hu Jie , He Mei , Wang Siyu , Yang Yuanhe , Chen Leiyi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA comprehensive understanding of the formation of mineral‐associated organic matter (MAOM) is a prerequisite for the sustainable management of soil carbon (C) and the development of effective long‐term strategies for C sequestration in soils. Nevertheless, the precise manner by which microbial and mineral properties drive MAOM formation efficiency and its subsequent response to elevated temperature at the regional scale remains unclear. Here, we employed isotopically labelled laboratory incubations (at 15°C and 25°C) with soil samples from a ~3000 km transect across the Tibetan Plateau to elucidate the mechanisms underlying MAOM formation and its temperature response. The results indicated that both mineral protection and microbial properties were critical predictors of MAOM formation across the geographic gradient. The efficiency of MAOM formation was found to increase with the content of iron (Fe) oxides and their reactivity [i.e., the ratio of poorly crystalline Fe oxides to total Fe oxides (Feo:Fed)] but to decrease with the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria across the plateau. Moreover, a notable decline in MAOM formation efficiency was observed under elevated temperatures, which was concomitant with a reduction in the content and reactivity of Fe oxides, as well as the microbial assimilation of the labelled substrate. The attenuation of mineral–organic associations was identified as the primary factor contributing to the warming‐induced reduction in MAOM formation. These findings highlight the necessity of incorporating organo–mineral associations and microbial properties into Earth System Models to accurately project soil C dynamics under changing climate.
The Value of Clinical Prediction Models in General Practice: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Perspectives of People With Lived Experience of Depression and General Practitioners
Authors: Moriarty Andrew S. , Castleton Joanne , McMillan Dean , Riley Richard D. , Snell Kym I. E. , Archer Lucinda , Paton Lewis W. , Gilbody Simon , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPrediction models are increasingly being used to guide clinical decision making in primary care. There is a lack of evidence exploring the views of patients and general practitioners (GPs) in primary care around their use and implementation. We aimed to better understand the perspectives of GPs and people with lived experience of depression around the use of prediction models and communication of risk in primary care.MethodsQualitative methods were used. Data were generated over 6 months (April to October 2022) through semi‐structured interviews with 23 people with lived experience of depression and 22 GPs. A multidisciplinary research team and Patient Advisory Group were involved throughout the study. Data were analysed inductively using thematic analysis.ResultsGPs describe using prediction models in consultations only when the models are either perceived to be useful (e.g., because they help address an important clinical problem) or if GPs feel compelled to use them to meet financial or contractual targets. These two situations are not mutually exclusive, but if neither criterion is met, a model is unlikely to be used in practice. People with lived experience of depression and GPs reported that communication of model outputs should involve a combination of risk categories, numerical information and visualisations, with discussions being tailored to the individual patients involved. Risk prediction in a mental health context was perceived to be more challenging than for physical health conditions.ConclusionClinical prediction models are used in practice but thought must be given at the study development stage to how results will be presented and discussed with patients. Meaningful, embedded public and patient involvement and engagement are recommended when developing or implementing clinical prediction models.Patient or Public ContributionWe used a combination of embedded consultation and collaboration/co‐production in our approach to public and patient involvement in this study. A Patient Advisory Group made up of people with lived experience of depression were involved from study conception and contributed to study design, participant recruitment, interpretation of findings and dissemination (including in the preparation of this manuscript).
Prevalence of heart failure pharmacotherapy utilisation, frailty and adverse drug events among hospitalised adults older than 75 years: a multicentre cross‐sectional study
Authors: Duong Mai H. , Gnjidic Danijela , McLachlan Andrew J. , Winardi Kevin , Bennett Alexandra A. , Blyth Fiona , Le Couteur David , Hilmer Sarah N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundOptimal heart failure (HF) pharmacotherapy (guideline‐directed medical therapy and diuretics) in older people with frailty is uncertain due to limited evidence.AimsTo evaluate utilisation of HF pharmacotherapy and prevalence of polypharmacy, adverse drug events (ADEs), falls, delirium, renal impairment and duration of hospitalisation in older inpatients, according to frailty.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study of the TO HOME cohort of 2000 inpatients ≥75 years admitted for ≥48 h to rehabilitation, geriatric or general medicine from 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017 across six hospitals in Sydney, Australia. Data were collected from electronic medical records. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification identified HF diagnosis, ADEs and frailty using hospital frailty risk score. Outcomes included utilisation of HF pharmacotherapy; polypharmacy; ADEs, falls, delirium, renal and impairment; and duration of hospitalisation.ResultsAmong 439 (22.0% of TO HOME cohort) patients with undifferentiated HF, 284 (69.5%) had intermediate or high risk of frailty, and 412 (94%) took ≥1 HF pharmacotherapy, with 357 (81.3%) patients on loop diuretics. Patients with high frailty risk frequently continued beta‐blockers (70%) and discontinued renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors (57%). Most patients experienced polypharmacy (n = 426, 97.0%). Renal impairment prevalence was 67%–76% across frailty groups. Increasing frailty risk (low, intermediate and high) was associated with increasing prevalence of ADEs (31%, 56% and 84%), falls (12%, 25% and 46%) and delirium (8%, 27% and 49%) and longer hospitalisation.ConclusionsFrailty, HF‐pharmacotherapy changes in hospital and ADEs were common among older inpatients with HF. The association of adverse outcomes according to frailty needs further investigation. Poor documentation of HF phenotype may be a barrier to medication optimisation in older inpatients.
Tetracarpidium conophorum nuts (African walnuts) up‐regulated adiponectin and PPAR‐γ expressions with reciprocal suppression of TNF‐α gene in obesity
Authors: Umoru Grace Ufedo , Atangwho Item Justin , David‐Oku Esien , Uti Daniel Ejim , Agwupuye Eyuwa Ignatius , Obeten Uket Nta , Maitra Swastika , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan , Wong Ling Shing , Aljarba Nada H. , Kumarasamy Vinoth 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTetracarpidium conophorum nuts are nutrient‐dense Nigerian snacks associated with weight regulation. This study explores the nuts' impact on adipose tissue gene expression associated with low‐grade inflammation. Ethanol whole extract (EWE), ethyl‐acetate fraction (EAF) and the resulting residue (RES) were orally administered once daily to MSG‐induced obese rats for 6 weeks (n = 6). Afterward, the RNA synthesis of inflammation‐associated genes was measured, and GC–MS ligands in the extract and fractions were docked against their protein products in silico. The study found that in obese animals, PPAR‐γ and Adiponectin expressions were down‐regulated, while TNF‐α was up‐regulated, indicating an increased low‐grade inflammatory process in adipose tissue. After 6‐week oral treatments with EWE, EAF and RES, PPAR‐γ and Adiponectin expressions increased significantly, while TNF‐α expression decreased, suggesting the modulation of obesity‐induced inflammation in adipose tissue. The in silico molecular docking analysis identified four lead compounds likely responsible for the observed effect, namely 6‐Isopropenyl‐4,8a‐dimethyl‐4a,5,67,8,8a‐hexahydro‐1H‐naphthalen‐2‐one, 9,12,15‐Octadecatrienoic methyl ester (Z,Z,Z), 9,12,15‐Octadecatrienoic acid and Hexanedioic acid, bis(2‐ethylhexyl). Of these compounds, 6‐Isopropenyl‐4,8a‐dimethyl‐4a,5,67,8,8a‐hexahydro‐1H‐naphthalen‐2‐one demonstrated the strongest affinity to the binding cavities of PPARγ (−7.3 kcal/mol), Leptin (−5.2 kcal/mol), Adiponectin (−7.1 kcal/mol) and TNF‐α (−6.3 kcal/mol) and was better than the standard drug, Orlistat (−6.7, −4.4, −6.8 and − 4.5 kcal/mol, respectively). The study reveals that T. conophorum nuts possess bioactive compounds/drug candidates that can exert positive modulation, at the molecular level, the low‐grade inflammatory process associated with obesity, which normally facilitates the outset of complications.
Multi‐Omics Profiling and Experimental Verification of Lysosomes‐Related Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Wang Guoliang , Zhao Peng , Sun Ping 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLysosomes play a crucial role in regulating the growth, invasion and metastasis of different tumour types. However, the specific function of lysosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncertain. We retrieved gene expression and clinical data from the TCGA and GEO databases for HCC samples and established a new lysosome‐associated prognostic therapeutic index (LAPTI) based on lysosome‐related genes through machine learning. We then systematically analysed clinical characteristics, functional enrichment, tumour immune microenvironment, molecular docking, chemotherapy response and immunotherapy response in HCC. LAPTI, composed of four lysosome‐related genes (CTSV, LAPTM4B, DNAJC6, AP1M2), is a reliable prognostic indicator for hepatocellular carcinoma patients and is validated in external data sets. Compared with the low LAPTI group, the high LAPTI group showed poorer prognosis and higher immune cell infiltration levels. We also observed that knocking down CTSV in vitro inhibited the proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma. This study provides valuable insights into the future clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by accurately assessing the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
All in this Together? Communities of Practice in UK–EU Cybersecurity Relations Post‐Brexit and Differentiated Re‐engagement
Authors: Farrand Carrapico Helena , Christou George 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhilst formative work on characterising UK‐EU cybersecurity cooperation points to re‐engagement rather than disengagement, we seek to take this as our starting point in order to build a more complex picture on how Brexit has impacted practitioners at policy and operational levels. The article argues that while UK‐EU collaboration in cybersecurity has historically been robust, the politics of withdrawal/ Brexit have had varying effects on engagement at the level of the everyday: (1) business as usual in the domain of national security and information sharing; (2) re‐engagement in the law enforcement realm; and (3) a formal partial disengagement in the policy and institutional realm. We therefore highlight in this article a more nuanced and differentiated impact relating to Brexit and cybersecurity cooepration and show how established communities of practice have been able to uilise mechanisms of resistance to achieve their goals in a time of political turbulence.