bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering lifelong thermal niche using otolith δ18O thermometry within supplemented lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations
Authors: Morissette Olivier , Bernatchez Louis , Wiedenbeck Michael , Sirois Pascal 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The selection of thermal habitat by fish is strongly regulated by physiology and behaviour. However, delineation of a species lifelong thermal niche remains technically challenging. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) survival and productivity are recognised as being tightly linked to a somewhat restricted thermal habitat. The factors guiding temperature selection during each life stage remain poorly understood.

In this study, we tested the significant factors controlling the realised thermal niche of lake trout from two southern Quebec small boreal lakes that experienced supplementation stocking during the last 20 years. We used oxygen stable isotope (δ18O) thermometry of otolith calcium carbonates (aragonite) using secondary‐ion mass spectrometry to estimate experienced lifelong temperatures. We investigated the thermal habitat of lake trout with known genotypes (local, hybrid, and stocked).

Ontogeny and genetic origin influenced temperature selection in both studied lake trout populations. Young‐of‐the‐year consistently used warmer, shallower habitats (10.7 ± 2.6°C, 7.5 m depth) prior to a juvenile transition to colder and deeper waters (8.5 ± 3.3°C, 10 m depth). Stocked lake trout, originating from a genetically distinct ecotype, exhibited a more variable thermal niche, with some individuals consistently using warmer habitat (10.4 ± 1°C) than local fish. Their hybrid progeny also occupied a warmer thermal niche, intermediate to the parental strains. We propose that increased fat content and genetic origin are potential explanatory factors for warmer temperature use.

This study reiterates that high‐resolution otolith δ18O thermometry is a uniquely well‐suited approach for unravelling the multiple factors that influence lifelong temperature selection in fish. Our results illustrate that the realised thermal niche is influenced by a genetic–environment interaction.
The impact of exchange rate volatility on inflation targeting monetary policy in emerging and advanced economies
Authors: Keefe Helena Glebocki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExchange rate volatility is a stated concern for policymakers in many emerging market economies. This paper investigates whether exchange rate volatility impacts the commitment to inflation targeting monetary policy by analyzing thirteen emerging market economies and nine advanced economies from 2000 to 2016. Using a dynamic panel threshold regression model, the response of the domestic target interest rate to the inflation gap, output gap, and exchange rate condition is tested in scenarios of above‐threshold and below‐threshold exchange rate volatility. Both emerging and advanced economies adhere to their inflation targeting commitments when exchange rate volatility is below 1%, but are unable or unwilling to respond to deviations in the inflation gap when volatility is beyond this threshold value.
Effects of prior knowledge and joint attention on learning from eye movement modelling examples
Authors: Chisari Lucia B. , Mockevičiūtė Akvilė , Ruitenburg Sterre K. , van Vemde Lian , Kok Ellen M. , van Gog Tamara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEye movement modelling examples (EMMEs) are instructional videos of a model's demonstration and explanation of a task that also show where the model is looking. EMMEs are expected to synchronize students' visual attention with the model's, leading to better learning than regular video modelling examples (MEs). However, synchronization is seldom directly tested. Moreover, recent research suggests that EMMEs might be more effective than ME for low prior knowledge learners. We therefore used a 2 × 2 between‐subjects design to investigate if the effectiveness of EMMEs (EMMEs/ME) is moderated by prior knowledge (high/low, manipulated by pretraining), applying eye tracking to assess synchronization. Contrary to expectations, EMMEs did not lead to higher learning outcomes than ME, and no interaction with prior knowledge was found. Structural equation modelling shows the mechanism through which EMMEs affect learning: Seeing the model's eye movements helped learners to look faster at referenced information, which was associated with higher learning outcomes.
A case of self‐improving collodion ichthyosis in Vietnam
Authors: Diep Quang Minh , Luong Long Hoang , Tran Thinh Huy , Dinh Oanh Thi Lan , Nguyen Hung Quoc , Bui The‐Hung , Ta Thanh Van , Tran Van Khanh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAutosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis is a heterogeneous group of congenital disorders characterized by aberrant skin cornification and diffuse skin scaling. Some patients with this condition are born encased in a collodion membrane which is later shed, revealing the underlying skin disorder. Self‐healing collodion baby (SHCB) is a less common phenotype of this disorder, accounting for about 10% of the patients, in which the membrane peels after several weeks, leaving no underlying skin aberration. Here, we report and discuss the diagnosis and management of an infant with SHCB in Vietnam due to compound heterozygous pathogenic mutations in TGM1.
Summary of Japanese Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Guidelines 2015
Authors: Hosono Shigeharu , Tamura Masanori , Isayama Tetsuya , Sugiura Takahiro , Kusakawa Isao , Ibara Satoshi ,   on behalf of Neonatal Resuscitation Committee
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Japan Resuscitation Council joined the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) as a member of the Resuscitation Council of Asia in 2006. In 2007, the Japan Society of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine (JSPNM), which is a member of an affiliated body, launched the Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (NCPR) program as an authorized project to ensure that all staff involved in perinatal and neonatal medicine can learn and practice neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation based on the Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations developed by ILCOR. The content of courses in the NCPR program is based on the NCPR guidelines. These guidelines are revised by the Japan Resuscitation Council according to the Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations, which is updated by ILCOR every 5 years. The latest updated edition in Japanese was published in 2016 and we translated these Japanese guidelines to English in 2018. Here, we introduce a summary of the NCPR guidelines 2015 in Japan. The NCPR 2015 algorithm has two flows, “lifesaving flow” and “stabilization of breathing flow” at the first branching point after the initial step of resuscitation.
Photoinactivation of Moraxella catarrhalis Using 405‐nm Blue Light: Implications for the Treatment of Otitis Media
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Chang Qihang , Ferrer‐Espada Raquel , Leanse Leon G. , Goh Xueping Sharon , Wang Xiuli , Gelfand Jeffrey A. , Dai Tianhong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMoraxella catarrhalis is one of the major otopathogens of otitis media (OM) in childhood. M. catarrhalis tends to form biofilm, which contributes to the chronicity and recurrence of infections, as well as resistance to antibiotic treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of antimicrobial blue light (aBL; 405 nm), an innovative nonpharmacological approach, for the inactivation of M. catarrhalis OM. M. catarrhalis either in planktonic suspensions or 24‐h old biofilms were exposed to aBL at the irradiance of 60 mW cm−2. Under an aBL exposure of 216 J cm−2, a >4‐log10 colony‐forming units (CFU) reduction in planktonic suspensions and a >3‐log10 CFU reduction in biofilms were observed. Both transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed aBL‐induced morphological damage in M. catarrhalis. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography results indicated that protoporphyrin IX and coproporphyrin were the two most abundant species of endogenous photosensitizing porphyrins. No statistically significant reduction in the viability of HaCaT cells was observed after an aBL exposure of up to 216 J cm−2. Collectively, our results suggest that aBL is potentially an effective and safe alternative therapy for OM caused by M. catarrhalis. Further in vivo studies are warranted before this optical approach can be moved to the clinics.
Community Influences on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Comparison of Four Francophone West African Countries
Authors: Hayford Sarah R. , Garver Sarah , Soura Abdramane B. , Cheong Yuk Fai , Grose Rose Grace , Yount Kathryn M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite long‐term efforts to encourage abandonment of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGMC), the practice remains widespread globally. FGMC is situated in specific social and historical contexts, and both prevalence and rates of decline vary widely across practicing countries. However, cross‐national comparative research on the determinants of FGMC is sparse. This paper adds to the limited body of rigorous, theoretically grounded quantitative studies of FGMC and takes a step toward advancing cross‐national comparative research. We apply an integrated theoretical framework that brings together norms‐based and gender‐based explanations of community‐level influences on FGMC. We test this framework in four francophone West African countries, drawing on comparable nationally representative data from the Demographic and Health Surveys in Burkina Faso (2010), Côte d'Ivoire (2011–2012), Guinea (2012), and Mali (2012–2013). Results show that community‐level FGMC norms and community‐level gendered opportunities are associated with girls’ risk of FGMC, but that the direct and moderating associations vary qualitatively across countries. Our findings highlight the contribution of context‐specific social and institutional processes to the decline or persistence of FGMC.
A review of microalgae and other treatment methods of distillery wastewater
Authors: Amenorfenyo David Kwame , Huang Xianghu , Li Changling , Li Feng , Zeng Qitao , Zhang Ning , Xie Lishi , Wang Peiming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany industries including distilleries continue to contribute to environmental pollution due to significant release of organic and inorganic pollutants as wastewater. This wastewater contains heavy metals and other toxic chemicals that lead to health‐related problems. Despite the advancement in treatment technologies, major treatment methods such as conventional treatment methods are still battering with the many challenges including high treatment and operational cost, and extensive use of chemicals that may lead to ecological imbalance. In this study, various treatment methods and pollutants removal capabilities were comprehensively discussed. This article also takes a comprehensive look at the alcohol production process and its wastewater generation, chemical characteristics and the health dangers posed by the distillery wastewater (DW). The article also looked at the various available treatment methods, emerging treatment methods, microalgae treatment method as well as challenges associated with microalgae wastewater treatment.
Bionic women and men ‐ Part 4: Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and exercise responses among patients supported with left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Buchanan Cullen , Kanwar Manreet , Cockcroft John R. , McDonnell Barry , Stöhr Eric J. , Cornwell William K. 
Published: February 2020

New Findings
LVAD patients are predisposed to hypertension which may increase the risk of stroke. Hypertension may result from markedly elevated levels of sympathetic nerve activity, which occurs through a baroreceptor‐mediated pathway in response to chronic exposure to a non‐physiologic (and reduced) pulse.
Cerebral autoregulatory processes appear to be preserved in the absence of a physiologic pulse. Nevertheless, the rate of ischemic/embolic and hemorrhagic stroke is unacceptably high and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients.
Despite normalization of a resting cardiac output, LVAD patients suffer from persistent, severe reductions in functional capacity.

AbstractCurrent generation left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have led to significant improvements in survival compared to medical therapy alone, when used for management of patients with advanced heart failure. However, there are a number of side‐effects associated with LVAD use, including hypertension, gastrointestinal bleeding, stroke, as well as persistent and severe limitations in functional capacity despite normalization of a resting cardiac output. These issues are, in large part, related to chronic exposure to a non‐physiologic pulse, which contributes to a hyperadrenergic environment characterized by markedly elevated levels of sympathetic nerve activity through a baroreceptor‐mediated pathway. In addition, these machines are unable to participate in, or contribute to, normal cardiovascular/autonomic reflexes that attempt to modulate flow through the body. Efforts to advance device technology and develop biologically sensitive devices may resolve these issues, and lead to further improvements in quality‐of‐life, functional capacity, and ultimately, survival, for the patients they support.
Meibography guided intraductal meibomian gland probing using real-time infrared video feed
Authors: Maskin Steven L , Alluri Sreevardhan 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo evaluate use of infrared meibography video to visualise meibomian gland probing and correlate probe findings of intraductal space with meibography images.MethodsVideos were reviewed and probe findings recorded of 996 probed gland orifices from 38 lower lids.Results996/997 (99.9%) of gland orifices were successfully probed with 91.8% revealing probe location. There were no false passages. 14% (140/997) of all gland orifices showed whole gland atrophy (WGA) with 99.3% (139/140) probed to 1 mm. Cumulative probe findings for all WGA (not differ significantly from non-WGA) showed 106 (76%), 21 (15%) and 12 (9%) glands with fixed, non-fixed and no resistance (NR), respectively. Lids without WGA showed increased NR/total glands probed while lids with WGAs (≥5) showed increased NR/WGA compared with lids with only 1–4 WGAs (p=0.011, p=0.005, respectively, Mann-Whitney U test) suggesting bimodal NR profile. Visualisation of microtube placement was successfully obtained for therapeutic injections and retrieval of meibum specimens.ConclusionVideo confirmed intraductal location and safety of devices. For 73% of non-WGA and 76% of WGAs as well as proximal ducts of glands with proximal atrophy, probing released fixed resistance restoring ductal integrity. A bimodal profile of NR suggests it is found with less diseased gland ducts as well as more advanced atrophic gland disease. Gland and ducts appeared flexible but not distendable while periglandular tissue appeared spongy. Visualisation of devices enables whole or localised gland therapy and meibum specimen retrieval, elegantly raising future research, therapeutic and regenerative opportunities.
Reduced circulating levels of chemokine CXCL14 in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: normalization after insulin sensitization
Authors: García-Beltran Cristina , Cereijo Ruben , Quesada-López Tania , Malpique Rita , López-Bermejo Abel , de Zegher Francis , Ibáñez Lourdes , Villarroya Francesc 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveCXCL14 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-14) is a chemokine released by active brown fat, showing protective effects against insulin resistance in experimental models. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescent girls is usually related to hepato-visceral fat excess and insulin resistance, and associates with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes. Treatment with a low-dose combination of one antiandrogen and antimineralocorticoid drug (spironolactone) and two insulin sensitizers (pioglitazone/metformin) (SPIOMET) is particularly effective in improving these metabolic derangements. Adipose tissue may be involved in the metabolic alterations of PCOS, and it is a likely target of therapeutic action. We investigated the alterations in CXCL14 levels and the effects of drugs composing SPIOMET treatment on CXCL14 in human adipocytes.Research design and methodsWe studied 51 adolescent patients with PCOS and 21 age-matched healthy controls. Thirty-one adolescent patients with PCOS under SPIOMET or oral contraception-based treatment were also studied. For studies in vitro, Simpson Golabi Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) adipose cells were used. Gene expression for CXCL14 and other genes was quantified using quantitative real-time PCR. The levels of CXCL14 and adipokines in serum and cell culture media were determined by ELISA.ResultsSerum CXCL14 levels are reduced in patients with PCOS. One-year SPIOMET treatment normalized CXCL14 concentrations and improved the metabolic status of patients with PCOS. Pioglitazone induced CXCL14 expression in differentiating human SGBS adipocytes, in parallel with the induction of marker genes of brown adipogenesis. Spironolactone induced CXCL14 expression and release in differentiated human adipocytes.ConclusionInsulin sensitization with SPIOMET normalizes the abnormally low levels of CXCL14 in girls with PCOS. This is consistent with the effects of pioglitazone and spironolactone inducing CXCL14 expression and promoting a brown-like phenotype in adipocytes. CXCL14 may be a novel biomarker for PCOS as well as a potential mediator of the beneficial effects of the SPIOMET combination and may hold promise as a therapeutic modulator of the disorder.Trial registration numbersISRCTN29234515andISCRCTN11062950.
Clinical codes combined with procedure codes increase diagnostic accuracy of Crohn’s disease in a US military health record
Authors: Singla Manish , Hutfless Susan , Al Kazzi Elie , Rodriguez Benjamin , Betteridge John , Brant Steven R 
Published: February 2020

Background and aimsPrevious examinations of International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes to predict accuracy of diagnosis in inflammatory bowel disease have had limited chart review to confirm diagnosis. We aimed to evaluate using the ICD-9-CM for identifying Crohn’s disease (CD) in a large electronic health record (EHR) database.MethodsThis is a retrospective case-control study with a 3:1 allocation of EHRs of active duty service members diagnosed with CD from 1996 to 2012. Subjects were selected by having two ICD-9-CM codes for CD and none for ulcerative colitis during the study period. Gastroenterologists reviewed each chart and confirmed the diagnosis of CD by analysing medication history and clinical, endoscopic, histological, and radiographic exams.Results300 cases of CD were selected; 14 cases were discarded due to lack of data, limiting analysis to 284 subjects. Two diagnostic codes for CD had sensitivity and specificity of 1.0 and 0.53 respectively, for confirmed CD. If two or more encounters listing CD were with a gastroenterologist, the sensitivity and specificity was 0.71 and 0.87 respectively. If two encounters included a colonoscopy was performed at the same time as a CD code, sensitivity and specificity was 0.49 and 0.88 respectively.ConclusionsThe relatively poor specificity of ICD-9-CM codes in making the diagnosis of CD should be taken into consideration when interpreting results and when conducting research using such codes. Limiting these codes to patients given this diagnosis by a gastroenterologist, or to those who had a colonoscopy at the time of a diagnosis, increases the specificity, although at cost of sensitivity, especially for colonoscopy.
Criterion validity of two physical activity and one sedentary time questionnaire against accelerometry in a large cohort of adults and older adults
Authors: Sagelv Edvard H , Hopstock Laila A , Johansson Jonas , Hansen Bjørge H , Brage Soren , Horsch Alexander , Ekelund Ulf , Morseth Bente 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesWe compared the ability of physical activity and sitting time questionnaires (PAQ) for ranking individuals versus continuous volume calculations (physical activity level (PAL), metabolic equivalents of task (MET), sitting hours) against accelerometry measured physical activity as our criterion.MethodsParticipants in a cohort from the Tromsø Study completed three questionnaires; (1) The Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale (SGPALS) (n=4040); (2) The Physical Activity Frequency, Intensity and Duration (PAFID) questionnaire (n=5902)) calculated as MET-hours·week-1and (3) The International Physical Activity questionnaire (IPAQ) short-form sitting question (n=4896). We validated the questionnaires against the following accelerometry (Actigraph wGT3X-BT) estimates: vector magnitude counts per minute, steps∙day-1, time (minutes·day-1) in sedentary behaviour, light physical activity, moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) non-bouted and ≥10 min bouted MVPA.ResultsRanking of physical activity according to the SGPALS and quartiles (Q) of MET-hours∙week-1from the PAFID were both positively associated with accelerometry estimates of physical activity (p<0.001) but correlations with accelerometry estimates were weak (SGPALS (PAL): r=0.11 to 0.26, p<0.001) and weak-to-moderate (PAFID: r=0.39 to 0.44, p<0.01). There was 1 hour of accelerometry measured sedentary time from Q1 to Q4 in the IPAQ sitting question (p<0.001) and also weak correlations (r=0.22, p<0.01).ConclusionRanking of physical activity levels measured with PAQs appears to have higher validity than energy expenditure calculations. Self-reported sedentary time poorly reflects accelerometry measured sedentary time. These two PAQs can be used for ranking individuals into different physical activity categories supporting previous studies using these instruments when assessing associations with health outcomes.
Routes to the top: the developmental journeys of medical, clinical and managerial NHS chief executives
Authors: Till Alex , McGivern Gerry 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionLeadership, and the role of a Chief Executive in healthcare organisations, has never been more important. This review provides one of the first retrospective cross-sectional analyses of the developmental journeys of chief executives within the National Health Service (NHS).MethodsTwenty-eight semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with medical, clinical and non-clinical NHS chief executives from the Health Service Journal’s list of ‘Top Chief Executives’ 2014–2018. Through a thematic analysis of their narratives, lessons for the development of aspiring NHS chief executives emerge.ResultsFew proactively sought leadership opportunities and there was a lack of an active leadership development strategy. Yet the ‘seeds of leadership development’ took root early. Combined with a blended approach of formal leadership development and ‘on-the-job’ informal leadership development, emerging NHS chief executives were exposed to multiple ‘crucible moments’ that helped them develop into and excel at the top of their field.DiscussionTop NHS chief executives possess inherent values and a strong sense of social responsibility that underpin their developmental journeys, guide their behaviour, and strengthen their resilience. Capable, high quality leaders are needed from all professional backgrounds to support high quality care and much more needs to be done, particularly for medical and clinical professionals but for non-clinicians too, to maximise leadership potential within the NHS and develop a pipeline of aspiring NHS chief executives.