bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From pay‐out to participation: Indigenous mining employment as local development?
Authors: Holcombe Sarah , Kemp Deanna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnprecedented numbers of Indigenous peoples in Canada and Australia are working in the mining industry. This study explores the proposition that Indigenous mining employment is a form of local development for these peoples. We establish links between the literatures on Indigenous work in the mining industry with development theory. For employment to be considered a form of local development we maintain that it must be understood through the framework of self‐determination, as this applies within a colonial context. A range of potentially enabling requirements is identified, including effective regional governance, career progression, gender equity and equality, and free prior and informed consent. We argue that, where such conditions are not in place, Indigenous peoples in settler states, such as Australia and Canada, risk swapping one kind of dependency for another: the welfare state for the mining economy. It is important that future research test the legitimacy of these conditions, while exploring alternative value propositions when mining companies seek to negotiate access to Indigenous peoples land and resources.
Resource‐Efficient Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Microcrystalline Pb2B5O9X (X = Cl, Br) for Surfaces Studies by Optical Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Tan Deming , Kirbus Benjamin , Rüsing Michael , Pietsch Tobias , Ruck Michael , Eng Lukas M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOptically nonlinear Pb2B5O9X (X = Cl, Br) borate halides are an important group of materials for second harmonic generation (SHG). Additionally, they also possess excellent photocatalytic activity and stability in the process of dechlorination of chlorophenols, which are typical persistent organic pollutants. It would be of great interest to conduct in situ (photo‐) catalysis investigations during the whole photocatalytic process by SHG when considering them as photocatalytic materials. In order to get superior photocatalytic efficiency and maximum surface information, small particles are highly desired. Here, a low‐cost and fast synthesis route that allows growing microcrystalline optically nonlinear Pb2B5O9X borate halides at large quantities is introduced. When applying the ionothermal growth process at temperatures between 130 and 170 °C, microcrystallites with an average size of about 1 µm precipitate with an orthorhombic hilgardite‐like borate halide structure. Thorough examinations using powder X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, the Pb2B5O9X microcrystals are indicated to be chemically pure and single‐phased. Besides, the Pb2B5O9X borate halides' SHG efficiencies are confirmed using confocal SHG microscopy. The low‐temperature synthesis route thus makes these borate halides a highly desirable material for surface studies such as monitoring chemical reactions with picosecond time resolution and in situ (photo‐) catalysis investigations.
Long noncoding RNA MACC1‐AS1 promotes the stemness of nonsmall cell lung cancer cells through promoting UPF1‐mediated destabilization of LATS1/2
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Yu Xinnian , Wei Wei , Liu Yuanhua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe roles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MACC1‐AS1 have been revealed in various tumors. This work aims to explore the roles of lncRNA MACC1‐AS1 in the stemness of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and the underlying mechanism. We showed that overexpression of MACC1‐AS1 enhanced the stemness of NSCLC cells, which is evident as the increased expression of cancer stem cell transcription factors, ALDH1 activity, and sphere‐formation capacity, while knockdown of MACC1‐AS1 decreased it. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that the Hippo pathway was mostly enriched in NSCLC cell with MACC1‐AS1 overexpression. Further mRNA and western blot analysis showed that ectopic expression of MACC1‐AS1 regulated the expression LATS1/2, the critical regulator of Hippo pathway. Additionally, it was found that MACC1‐AS1 interacted with up‐frameshift 1 (UPF1) to modulate mRNA decay of LATS1/2. Overexpression of LAST1/2 attenuated the promoting effects of MACC1‐AS1 overexpression on the stemness of NSCLC cells. Therefore, our results demonstrate the effects of the novel MACC1‐AS1/UPF1/LATS1/2 axis in NSCLC cell stemness.
A Wavelet-Based Outlier Detection and Noise Component Analysis for GNSS Position Time Series
Authors: Ji Kunpu , Shen Yunzhong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVarious signals of crustal deformation and mass loading deformation are contained in a GNSS position time series. However, a GNSS position time series is also polluted by outliers and various colored noise, which must be reasonably modelled before estimating deformation signals. Since temporal signals of the GNSS position time series are non-linear and complicated, we propose a wavelet-based approach for outlier detection, which first retrieves the temporal signals from the GNSS position time series by using wavelet analysis, and then detect outliers in the residual position time series by using the interquartile range. After the detected outliers are eliminated from the residual time series, the noise components, including white noise and flicker noise, are estimated by using MINQUE approach. Our proposed approach is used to process the real GNSS position time series of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) over the period spanning 1999–2018. The results demonstrate that our approach can detect the outliers more efficiently than the traditional approach, which retrieves the temporal signals by using a functional model with trend and periodic variations. As a result, the noise components estimated with our proposed approach are smaller than those with the traditional approach for the GNSS position time series of all CMONOC stations.
Reversible Control of Robots
Authors: Schultz Ulrik Pagh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProgramming industrial robots is challenging due to the difficulty of precisely specifying general yet robust operations. As the complexity of these operations increases, so does the likelihood of errors. Certain classes of errors during industrial robot operations can however be addressed using reverse execution, allowing the robot to temporarily back out of an erroneous situation, after which the operation can be automatically retried. Moreover reverse execution permits automatically deriving programs that physically reverse the operations of an industrial robot. This can be useful in industrial assembly, where a disassembly program can be automatically derived from the assembly program.In this case study we investigate robotic assembly from the point of view of reversibility, investigating to what extent program inversion of a robotic assembly sequence for a given product can be considered to derive a robotic disassembly sequence for this same product, and investigating to what extent changing the execution direction at runtime (i.e., backtracking and retrying) using program inversion can be used as an automatic error handling procedure. The programming model used to reversibly control industrial robots is based on an abstract semantics-based model, extended with various features required for reversible control of industrial robots in real-world scenarios, and implemented as a domain-specific programming language.
Differences in psychiatric care utilisation among unaccompanied refugee minors, accompanied migrant minors, and Swedish-born minors
Authors: Axelsson Lovisa , Bäärnhielm Sofie , Dalman Christina , Hollander Anna-Clara 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To better understand underutilisation of psychiatric care among migrant children, we compared utilisation of psychiatric care among unaccompanied refugee minors and accompanied migrant minors, with Swedish-born minors.

Methods
Using a large longitudinal database of linked national registers, we established a retrospective cohort of 1,328,397 people born 1984–1988 comparing minors born in Sweden to 2 Swedish-born parents (95.4%) to minors who had been arriving in Sweden between 2002 and 2011 with a permanent resident permit and were either unaccompanied refugee minors (0.4%), or accompanied migrant minors (4.0%). The outcome measures were different measures of psychiatric care including in- and outpatient care, and prescribed psychotropic medication.

Result
Compared with the Swedish-born minors the unaccompanied refugee minors had a higher likelihood of utilisation of all psychiatric care except ADHD medication. However, compared with accompanied migrant minors, the Swedish-born minors had a higher likelihood of having utilised psychiatric care.

Conclusion
Our study shows that during the first years of living in Sweden, there seems to be fewer barriers to psychiatric care for unaccompanied refugee minors compared to the accompanied migrant minors. There are a number of possible reasons for this including stronger ties with the Swedish society.
A Novel Method of Outcome Assessment in Breast Reconstruction Surgery: Comparison of Autologous and Alloplastic Techniques Using Three-Dimensional Surface Imaging
Authors: Hartmann Robin , Weiherer Maximilian , Schiltz Daniel , Seitz Stephan , Lotter Luisa , Anker Alexandra , Palm Christoph , Prantl Lukas , Brébant Vanessa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Breast reconstruction is an important coping tool for patients undergoing a mastectomy. There are numerous surgical techniques in breast reconstruction surgery (BRS). Regardless of the technique used, creating a symmetric outcome is crucial for patients and plastic surgeons. Three-dimensional surface imaging enables surgeons and patients to assess the outcome’s symmetry in BRS. To discriminate between autologous and alloplastic techniques, we analyzed both techniques using objective optical computerized symmetry analysis. Software was developed that enables clinicians to assess optical breast symmetry using three-dimensional surface imaging.

Methods
Twenty-seven patients who had undergone autologous (n = 12) or alloplastic (n = 15) BRS received three-dimensional surface imaging. Anthropomorphic data were collected digitally using semiautomatic measurements and automatic measurements. Automatic measurements were taken using the newly developed software. To quantify symmetry, a Symmetry Index is proposed.

Results
Statistical analysis revealed that there is no difference in the outcome symmetry between the two groups (t test for independent samples; p = 0.48, two-tailed).

Conclusion
This study’s findings provide a foundation for qualitative symmetry assessment in BRS using automatized digital anthropometry. In the present trial, no difference in the outcomes’ optical symmetry was detected between autologous and alloplastic approaches. Level of evidence Level IV.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Phenolic metabolism in the hornwort Anthoceros agrestis: 4-coumarate CoA ligase and 4-hydroxybenzoate CoA ligase
Authors: Wohl Julia , Petersen Maike 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Key message
4-Coumarate coenzyme A ligase and 4-hydroxybenzoate coenzyme A ligase from the hornwort Anthoceros agrestis expressed in E. coli were characterized on biochemical and molecular levels and showed interesting substrate specificities.

Abstract
Acyl-activating enzymes are associated with the biosynthesis or degradation of various metabolic products such as lipids, amino acids, sugars, and natural compounds. In this work, cDNA sequences encoding 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL) and 4-hydroxybenzoate coenzyme A ligase (4HBCL) were amplified from the hornwort Anthoceros agrestis. The coding sequences were expressed in E. coli and purified by Ni-chelate chromatography. The CoA ligases exhibited different substrate specificities. 4CL catalyzed the activation of 4-coumaric acid, 3-coumaric acid, 2-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, isoferulic acid, ferulic acid, and cinnamic acid but lacked activities towards sinapic acid and benzoic acids. In contrast, 4HBCL preferred 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and benzoic acid, but also accepted other benzoic acid derivatives except salicylic acid and 3-aminosalicylic acid. Furthermore, 4HBCL also activated isoferulic acid, cinnamic acid, 2-coumaric acid, 3-coumaric acid, 4-coumaric acid and caffeic acid, but lacked affinity for ferulic acid and sinapic acid. These substrate specificities could be related to the phenolic compounds identified in Anthoceros agrestis.
Increased tortuosity of basilar artery might be associated with higher risk of aneurysm development
Authors: Kliś Kornelia M. , Krzyżewski Roger M. , Kwinta Borys M. , Łasocha Bartłomiej , Brzegowy Paweł , Stachura Krzysztof , Popiela Tadeusz J. , Borek Radosław , Gąsowski Jerzy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives
We analysed tortuosity of basilar artery (BA) to determine its relationship with the presence of aneurysm.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed 71 patients with BA aneurysms along with 71 age- and risk factors-matched control patients without BA aneurysm. From patients’ medical records, we obtained their history including previous and current diseases and medications. For each patient, we calculated relative length (RL), sum of angle metrics (SOAM), triangular index (TI), product of angle distance (PAD) and inflexion count metrics (ICM). We used t-test and Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and χ2 test for dichotomised variables. To find independent predictors of BA aneurysm, we employed logistic regression analysis.

Results
We found significant positive correlation between age and SOAM (R = 0.195, p = 0.02) and PAD (R = 0.199, p = 0.018). Our study also showed that patients with BA aneurysm had significantly higher SOAM (0.21 ± 0.16 vs. 0.11 ± 0.08; p < 0.01), PAD (0.30 ± 0.19 vs. 0.18 ± 0.11; p < 0.01), TI (0.23 ± 0.23 vs. 0.10 ± 0.16; p < 0.01) and ICM (0.20 ± 0.16 vs. 0.15 ± 0.11; p = 0.045). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for all possible confounders, SOAM (OR = 1.086; 95% CI 1.046–1.136; p < 0.01) and TI (OR = 1.004; 95%C: 1.002–1.006; p < 0.01) remained independently associated with higher risk of BA aneurysm.

Conclusions
Increased tortuosity of BA is associated with higher risk of its aneurysm development.

Key Points
• Basilar artery sum of angle metrics and product of angle distance are correlated with age.
• Basilar artery tortuosity is independently associated with higher risk of its aneurysm development.
• Basilar artery tortuosity is positively correlated with its diameter and bifurcation angle.
How do short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk vary with age?
Authors: Winpenny Eleanor M. , van Sluijs Esther M. F. , Forouhi Nita G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Poor diet quality is one of the key contributors to poor cardiovascular health and associated morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess how the short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk factors change with age.

Methods
This longitudinal, observational study used data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008–2016) (n = 2024). Diet quality was measured using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index, fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake, and a F&V biomarker score. We assessed associations between measures of diet quality and a metabolic risk z score (generated from five metabolic risk factors) among those aged 11–60 years, and then tested effect modification by age group (adolescents 11–18 years, young adults 19–35 years, mid-aged adults 36–60 years).

Results
Analysis across all age groups showed inverse associations between standardised DASH index and metabolic risk z score of − 0.19 (95% CI − 0.26, − 0.11). These associations were moderated by age group, with strong associations seen in mid-aged adults: − 0.27 (95% CI − 0.39, − 0.16), but associations were significantly attenuated in young adults [− 0.10 (95% CI − 0.22, 0.01)] and adolescents [0.03 (95% CI − 0.05, 0.11)]. Similar results were found for F&V intake and F&V biomarker score.

Conclusions
Short-term associations between diet quality and metabolic risk are not consistent across adolescent and young adult age groups, suggesting that mechanisms by which diet impacts on metabolic risk may be acting differently in younger age groups compared to adults. Further research is warranted using longitudinal study designs and replication in different populations to understand changes in determinants of cardiometabolic health with age.
Preclinical evaluation of the versius surgical system, a new robot-assisted surgical device for use in minimal access general and colorectal procedures
Authors: Morton Jonathan , Hardwick Richard H. , Tilney Henry S. , Gudgeon A. Mark , Jah Asif , Stevens Lewis , Marecik Slawomir , Slack Mark 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the utility of a new robot-assisted surgical system (the Versius Surgical System, CMR Surgical, Cambridge, UK) for use in minimal access general and colorectal surgery, in a preclinical setting.

Summary background data
Robot-assisted laparoscopy has been developed to overcome some of the important limitations of conventional laparoscopy. The new system is designed to assist surgeons in performing minimal access surgery and overcome some of the challenges associated with currently available surgical robots.

Methods
Cadaveric sessions were conducted to evaluate the ability of the system to provide adequate surgical access and reach required to complete a range of general and colorectal procedures. Port and bedside unit positions were recorded, and surgical access and reach were evaluated by the lead surgeon using a visual analogue scale. A live animal (porcine) model was used to assess the surgical device’s safety in performing cholecystectomy or small bowel enterotomy.

Results
Nine types of procedure were performed in cadavers by nine lead surgeons; 35/38 procedures were completed successfully. The positioning of ports and bedside units reflected the lead surgeons’ preferred laparoscopic set-up and enabled good surgical access and reach. Cholecystectomy (n = 6) and small bowel enterotomy (n = 5) procedures performed in pigs were all completed successfully by two surgeons. There were no device-related intra-operative complications.

Conclusions
This preclinical study of a new robot-assisted surgical system for minimal access general and colorectal surgery demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of the system in cadaver and porcine models. Further studies are required to assess its clinical utility.
Video trajectory analysis using unsupervised clustering and multi-criteria ranking
Authors: Sekh Arif Ahmed , Dogra Debi Prosad , Kar Samarjit , Roy Partha Pratim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSurveillance camera usage has increased significantly for visual surveillance. Manual analysis of large video data recorded by cameras may not be feasible on a larger scale. In various applications, deep learning-guided supervised systems are used to track and identify unusual patterns. However, such systems depend on learning which may not be possible. Unsupervised methods relay on suitable features and demand cluster analysis by experts. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised trajectory clustering method referred to as t-Cluster. Our proposed method prepares indexes of object trajectories by fusing high-level interpretable features such as origin, destination, path, and deviation. Next, the clusters are fused using multi-criteria decision making and trajectories are ranked accordingly. The method is able to place abnormal patterns on the top of the list. We have evaluated our algorithm and compared it against competent baseline trajectory clustering methods applied to videos taken from publicly available benchmark datasets. We have obtained higher clustering accuracies on public datasets with significantly lesser computation overhead.
Cooling rates of pyroclastic deposits inferred from mineral magnetic investigations: a case study from the Pleistocene Mýtina Maar (Czech Republic)
Authors: Lied Philipp , Kontny Agnes , Nowaczyk Norbert , Mrlina Jan , Kämpf Horst 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTephra layers of the Mýtina Maar, Czech Republic, contain ferrimagnetic Mg–Al-rich titanomagnetite, which is suggested to originate from a fractionated alkaline CO2-rich lithospheric mantle melt. We investigated the magnetic mineralogy and Curie temperature (TC) from tephra deposits of two drill cores (< 9 m depth). TC calculated (208 ± 14 °C) from chemical composition (Fe2+0.8Mg0.5Fe3+1.1Al0.3Ti0.3O4) is in accordance with TC retrieved from cooling curves of temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements (195–232 °C). However, thermomagnetic curves are irreversible either with lower (type I) or higher (type II) TC in the heating curve. All curves show transition temperatures above ca. 390 °C, indicating maghemitization. We interpret the irreversibility of TC (∆TC) in terms of different degrees of cation ordering, overprinted or masked by different degrees of maghemitization, which is a low-temperature phenomenon. Negative ∆TC indicates that original deposited titanomagnetite has cooled faster and, therefore, has stored a lower degree of cation ordering compared to heating/cooling rate of 11 °C/min in the Kappabridge. Type II with positive ∆TC indicates higher degree of cation ordering, and, therefore, slower cooling rate. The central part of this deposit shows most severe maghemitization, indicating rather wet emplacement. We, therefore, suggest different eruption styles for deposition of type I pyroclastics with more phreatomagmatic and type II pyroclastics with more phreato-Strombolian eruption styles. Our study is a new approach to discriminate different cooling histories in maar deposits using the Curie temperature of titanomagnetite. We suggest that this method has the potential to discriminate different emplacement modes resulting from different eruption styles.
Der familiäre Hintergrund „suchtbelastete Familie“ und dessen Auswirkung auf Mentalisierungsprozesse fremduntergebrachter Kinder
Authors: Springer Nadja , Lueger-Schuster Brigitte 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungStudien über Bindung weisen auf Schwierigkeiten drogenabhängiger Eltern hinsichtlich ihrer Reaktion auf die emotionalen Signale der Kinder und die daraus abzuleitenden Verhaltensweisen hin. Dies lässt auf eine reduzierte Mentalisierungsfähigkeit schließen. Mentalisieren bedeutet die grundlegende menschliche Fähigkeit, Verhalten in Bezug auf Gedanken und Gefühle zu verstehen.Um diese Fähigkeit bei fremduntergebrachten Kinder (6–12 Jahre) aus suchtbelasteten Familien und deren aktuellen Bezugspersonen zu untersuchen, wurde eine auf dem Konzept der Mentalisierung basierende Gruppenintervention entwickelt, die das Wissen über Drogenabhängigkeit erweitern und soziale und affektive Fähigkeiten verbessern soll.Erhebungsinstrumente: Skala des Reflective Functioning (RF-Score) für das Adult Attachment Interview und für das Child Attachment Interview, Inventar der Sozialkompetenzen (ISK), Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/6-18R), „Patte-Noire“-Test, Einstellungen zum Drogenkonsum (EBDD Bewertungsinstrument).An Hand zweier Fallbeispiele aus dieser laufenden Pilotstudie, werden der diagnostische Prozess sowie beobachtbare und messbare Veränderungen über den Untersuchungszeitraum von mehr als 12 Monaten exemplarisch dargestellt und diskutiert.