bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of postoperative infectious complications on adjuvant chemotherapy administration after gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Tsujimoto Hironori , Kouzu Keita , Sugasawa Hidekazu , Nomura Shinsuke , Ito Nozomi , Harada Manabu , Sugihara Takao , Ishibashi Yusuke , Kishi Yoji , Ueno Hideki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of postoperative infectious complications on adjuvant chemotherapy administration in patients with gastric cancer.

Methods
A retrospective review of 308 patients who underwent curative resection for gastric cancer was performed. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence (90 patients, 29.2%) or absence (218 patients, 70.8%) of postoperative infectious complications to analyze clinicopathological characteristics, treatment factors and survival.

Results
Fewer patients with postoperative infectious complication received adjuvant chemotherapy compared to those without postoperative infectious complication. The proportion of patients who started treatment within 6 weeks after surgery was significantly lower in patients with postoperative infectious complication. The treatment completion rate was significantly lower in patients with postoperative infectious complication. The number of treatment cycles and relative dose intensity was significantly lower in patients with postoperative infectious complication. In univariate analysis, only postoperative infectious complication was significantly associated with continuation of adjuvant chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis demonstrated tumor depth, nodal involvement, postoperative infectious complication and adjuvant chemotherapy were significantly associated with overall survival.

Conclusion
Postoperative infectious complications are significantly associated with the delay of adjuvant chemotherapy and predict adverse clinical outcome in patients with gastric cancer.
Do-It-Yourself Tick Control: Granular Gamma-Cyhalothrin Reduces Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Nymphs in Residential Backyards
Authors: Bron Gebbiena M , Lee Xia , Paskewitz Susan M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States with hotspots in the Northeast and Midwest. Integrated vector control for mosquito-borne disease prevention is often organized at the community level, but tick control is primarily coordinated at the household and individual level. Management of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis (Say), the vector of the causative agent of Lyme disease in the Midwest and eastern United States in peridomestic environments may be critical as many tick encounters are reported to occur in the yard. Therefore, we assessed the effectiveness of a widely available and low-cost pesticide that targets common lawn pests and is labeled for use against ticks. In June 2019, we evaluated a granular form of gamma-cyhalothrin in a placebo-controlled residential backyard study (n = 90) in two communities in Wisconsin. The product applied by the research team reduced nymphal blacklegged ticks in plots established in the lawn part of the ecotone by 97% one week after application at both communities and by 89–97% three to four weeks postapplication. The proportion of homes with at least one nymphal tick postapplication was significantly lower at acaricide-treated homes and ranged from 4.2 to 29.2% compared with placebo homes where at least one nymphal tick was found at 50–81.5% of homes. These results support the efficacy of a low-cost do-it-yourself strategy for homeowners seeking to reduce blacklegged ticks in the yard.
Refugee Children and Families During the COVID-19 Crisis: A Resilience Framework for Mental Health
Authors: Browne Dillon Thomas , Smith Jackson Andrew , Basabose Jean de Dieu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Children and families are undergoing unprecedented stress as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, in part, due to the disruption of daily life arising from mandated social distancing protocols. As such, the purpose of the present report is to raise awareness surrounding resilience-challenging and resilience-promoting factors for refugee children and families during the COVID-19 crisis. Issues surrounding family life, parenting, and potential for family conflict are described. Also, cultural and linguistic factors are discussed, which may limit access to information about the pandemic and, accordingly, uptake of public health recommendations. Throughout our analysis, a trauma-informed framework is utilized, whereby potential for pandemic-related disruption in triggering previous traumatic stress is considered. Furthermore, using a developmental resilience framework and building upon the inherent strengths of families and children, suggestions for developing evidence-based programming and policy are reviewed. Responses should be: (1) multilevel, (2) trauma informed, (3) family focused, (4) culturally and linguistically sensitive, and (5) access oriented. The present analysis can serve as a timely guide for informing program design and policy in the context of public health, social services, mental health, health care, resettlement services, and other refugee-serving organizations.
Auxin biosynthesis and cellular efflux act together to regulate leaf vein patterning
Authors: Kneuper Irina , Teale William , Dawson Jonathan Edward , Tsugeki Ryuji , Katifori Eleni , Palme Klaus , Ditengou Franck Anicet 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Our current understanding of vein development in leaves is based on canalization of the plant hormone auxin into self-reinforcing streams which determine the sites of vascular cell differentiation. By comparison, how auxin biosynthesis affects leaf vein patterning is less well understood. Here, after observing that inhibiting polar auxin transport rescues the sparse leaf vein phenotype in auxin biosynthesis mutants, we propose that the processes of auxin biosynthesis and cellular auxin efflux work in concert during vein development. By using computational modeling, we show that localized auxin maxima are able to interact with mechanical forces generated by the morphological constraints which are imposed during early primordium development. This interaction is able to explain four fundamental characteristics of midvein morphology in a growing leaf: (i) distal cell division; (ii) coordinated cell elongation; (iii) a midvein positioned in the center of the primordium; and (iv) a midvein which is distally branched. Domains of auxin biosynthetic enzyme expression are not positioned by auxin canalization, as they are observed before auxin efflux proteins polarize. This suggests that the site-specific accumulation of auxin, as regulated by the balanced action of cellular auxin efflux and local auxin biosynthesis, is crucial for leaf vein formation.
Facing COVID-19: Early Recognition and Triage Tool for Medical Treatment Facilities With Limited Resources
Authors: Jänig Christoph , Gurney Jennifer M , Froklage Roger , Groth Robin , Wirth Christine , van de Krol Hendrik , Schmidbauer Willi , Güsgen Christoph 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading all over the world. Health systems around the globe have to deal with decreased capabilities and exhausted resources because of the surge of patients. The need to identify COVID-19 patients to achieve a timely opportunity to treat and isolate them is an ongoing challenge for health care professionals everywhere. A lack of testing capabilities forces clinicians to make the crucial initial decision on the basis of clinical findings and routine diagnostic laboratory test. This article reviews the current literature and presents a new adapted protocol for diagnosing and triaging COVID-19 patients. A special emphasis lies on the stepwise approach guiding the medical provider to a triage decision that is suitable for the individual patient and the situation of the local medical treatment facility.

Materials and Methods
On March 30, 2020, a PubMed based literature research on COVID-19 following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines was performed. A diagnostic and triage tool for COVID-19 was designed based on the major findings in the reviewed literature.

Results
After a selection process, focusing on the topics “epidemiology,” “clinical characteristics,” and “diagnostic tools,” 119 out of a total amount of 1,241 publications were selected to get an overview of the growing evidence.

Conclusions
The designed Early Recognition and Triage Tool enables the medical provider to use the applicable modules of the protocol for capabilities of the local setting to get the most appropriate diagnostic and triage done. The tool should give guidance for the initial approach until specific testing for the COVID-19 virus is available.
Clinical and microbiological features of candiduria in critically ill adult patients in Shiraz, Iran (2016–2018): deviations from international guidelines and fluconazole therapeutic failure
Authors: Arastehfar Amir , Khanjari Sara , Zareshahrabadi Zahra , Fang Wenjie , Pan Weihua , Asadpour Elham , Daneshnia Farnaz , Ilkit Macit , Boekhout Teun , Perlin David S , Zand Farid , Zomorodian Kamiar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCandiduria is common among patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs); however, clinical and microbiological data are limited, which accounts for non-compliance with international guidelines, including over treatment of asymptomatic candiduria that promotes antifungal resistance. This prospective study included adult patients admitted to ICUs of five referral hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, during 2016–2018. Species were identified by MALDI-TOF MS, and antifungal susceptibility was assessed according to CLSI M27-A3/S4. Among 2086 patients, 162 and 293 developed candiduria and bacteriuria, respectively. In total, 174 yeast isolates were collected; 88.5% were Candida albicans (91/174; 52.2%), C. glabrata (38/174; 21.8%), and C. tropicalis (25/174; 14.3%). Antifungal resistance was rare; only two isolates (one C. tropicalis and one C. krusei) were fluconazole resistant. Symptomatic candiduria was noted in 31.4% of patients (51/162); only 37% (19/51) of them were treated and 36.82% (7/19) showed fluconazole therapeutic failure. Two symptomatic patients developed candidemia shortly after candiduria. Among asymptomatic patients, 31.5% (35/111) were overtreated with fluconazole. The mortality rate was 25.3% (41/162); it did not differ between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Our results indicate that deviation from standard-of-care treatment for candiduria is a matter of concern given the high rate of fluconazole therapeutic failure among patients with symptomatic candiduria.
Accessing Vaping Products When Underage: A Qualitative Study of Young Adults in Southern California
Authors: Schiff Sara J , Kechter Afton , Simpson Kelsey A , Ceasar Rachel C , Braymiller Jessica L , Barrington-Trimis Jessica L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
California implemented multiple strategies, such as a Tobacco 21 law and compliance checks, to reduce high rates of youth e-cigarette use. However, the prevalence of use among underage youth and young adults continues rising. Little is known about how underage individuals obtain e-cigarettes.

Aims and Methods
We conducted structured qualitative interviews with 61 young adult (18–25 years old) vapers in the Los Angeles, CA area between June 2018 and June 2019. Interviews were comprehensive and designed to elicit information on participants’ thoughts, feelings, and experiences related to vaping. We queried participants on where and how they obtained vaping products, and participants discussed their experiences accessing products while under the legal age for sale. Directed content analysis was used to analyze interviews.

Results
Four concepts emerged: (1) early experimentation of e-cigarettes with peers often occurred in a school setting, (2) continued use of e-cigarettes commonly obtained through peer sales, (3) inconsistent implementation of age restrictions at in-person retailers, and (4) at online retailers. Participants had peers purchase products on their behalf and frequented in-person and online retailers with few to no age verification processes. Few participants faced challenges when purchasing products from retailers.

Conclusions
The current study’s findings offer insight into where and how underage individuals obtain vaping products despite restrictions to prevent them from doing so. Participant accounts of mixed ease of underage purchasing in-person and online suggest retailer education is needed, along with additional research to inform more effective policies to reduce underage access to vaping products.

Implications
Despite legal age restrictions, e-cigarettes remain accessible to underage individuals, but specific strategies that underage youth utilize to evade legal age restrictions are largely unknown. We found that participants often accessed vaping products for the first time at school. Sales between peers were common, and participants also reported frequenting in-person retailers that inconsistently enforced age restrictions. Many participants reported little to no age verification online, though some believed online age verification measures were increasingly difficult to surpass. Knowledge of strategies underage youth utilize to access e-cigarettes can inform enforcement efforts.
Gut microbiome responses to dietary intake of grain-based fibers with the potential to modulate markers of metabolic disease: a systematic literature review
Authors: Williams Georgina M , Tapsell Linda C , O’Brien Claire L , Tosh Susan M , Barrett Eden M , Beck Eleanor J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractContextCereal fiber modulates the gut microbiome and benefits metabolic health. The potential link between these effects is of interest.0ObjectiveThe aim for this systematic review was to assess evidence surrounding the influence of cereal fiber intake on microbiome composition, microbiome diversity, short-chain fatty acid production, and risk factors for metabolic syndrome.Data Sources and ExtractionThe MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically, and quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Evidence relating to study design, dietary data collection, and outcomes was qualitatively synthesized on the basis of fiber type.Data AnalysisForty-six primary publications and 2 secondary analyses were included. Cereal fiber modulated the microbiome in most studies; however, taxonomic changes indicated high heterogeneity. Short-chain fatty acid production, microbiome diversity, and metabolic-related outcomes varied and did not always occur in parallel with microbiome changes. Poor dietary data were a further limitation.ConclusionsCereal fiber may modulate the gut microbiome; however, evidence of the link between this and metabolic outcomes is limited. Additional research is required with a focus on robust and consistent methodology.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration no. CRD42018107117
São Paulo
Authors: Rolnik Raquel , Marín-Toro Adriana , Accioly Moreira Fernanda , Kohler Harkot Marina 
Published: October 2020

With over twenty million inhabitants, the São Paulo metropolitan region covers 900 square kilometers of urbanized area through thirty-nine municipalities, but its reach goes far beyond its boundaries. Its tentacles are present in distant locations in Brazil, in the continent, and in the whole world. São Paulo’s size and vastness comprise heterogeneous territories and social groups. It is a city connected to both real and virtual worlds of trade; it is an economic power, as well as a cradle for social movements and for Brazilian political leadership. But it is also a divided city crimped by both visible and invisible walls that rip its social fabric into ghettos, fortresses, and slums and besiege its public spaces. To be in the city is to be permanently exposed to its contradictory image of greatness, opulence, and poverty, with carts and armored SUVs, mansions and shacks, shopping malls and street vendors, and fancy food trucks and traditional popcorn sellers. At first glance, São Paulo looks like a fragmented city that does not seem to have originated from any kind of order. The city is in fact a child of chaos, of the wildest and ungoverned competition among individual projects aiming for social rise or simply survival, a product of the dreams of many generations of migrants and immigrants that came to the city seeking opportunities far from home. Urban plans and policy decisions have guided the city’s expansion over time, from the network of trains and trams in the 19th and early 20th centuries to the car-oriented grid of expressways from the 1940s to the present day. The bibliography on São Paulo is vast and has been produced by historians, geographers, architects, sociologists, and political scientists, among other disciplines, but is available mostly in Portuguese. In this selection, an effort was made to choose texts in English (when available), but also to cover essential readings from different disciplines, books or articles that have influenced generations of scholars, studies and authors that are considered classic works, being frequently cited, or, in a very few cases, are opening new paths and visions for the city today. The bibliography is organized by topics, starting with the city’s general and economic history, moving on to the political economy of its process of urbanization, and then covering specific themes.
Management referral triaging process pilot study: a ‘telephone first’ approach
Authors: O’Reilly A , McDonnell C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In this Occupational Health Department (OHD), a ‘telephone first’ approach was introduced to triage management referrals with potential to convert to Telephone Independent Medical Assessment (TIMA). Telephone consultation has been widely used in the UK’s NHS in the occupational health setting.

Aims
To evaluate TIMA effectiveness and efficiency of OHD resources; comparing the outcome of a triage call compared to previous default allocation of next available appointment, percentage of telephone triage calls converted to TIMA and appointment waiting times. To assess use of OHD resources arising from TIMA. To evaluate service user satisfaction following TIMA. To examine service user characteristics.

Methods
As management referrals were received, service users were given a telephone contact. Data were collected and anonymized regarding service users, who also consented to receive feedback questionnaire. Cross-sectional analysis of this management referral cohort was carried out.

Results
Two hundred and sixty-one management referrals were received in the specified period. Eighty per cent had a TIMA carried out (n = 208); 64% of management referrals with TIMA had a report issued (n = 166). Response rate to feedback questionnaire was 38% (n = 70); 94% of survey participants found TIMA acceptable going forward for management referrals (n = 66).

Conclusions
Introduction of a ‘telephone first’ approach resulted in improved efficiency of this OHD, allowing maximum workforce planning, and positive service user feedback.
Safety Surveillance of Bivalent Meningococcal Group B Vaccine, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, 2014–2018
Authors: Duffy Jonathan , Marquez Paige , Dores Graça M , Ng Carmen , Su John , Cano Maria , Perez-Vilar Silvia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In October 2014, MenB-FHbp (Trumenba, Pfizer) became the first meningococcal group B vaccine licensed in the United States. It is approved for use in individuals aged 10–25 years. Our objective was to evaluate the safety of MenB-FHbp postlicensure.

Methods
The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is a national passive vaccine safety surveillance system. We analyzed US VAERS reports for MenB-FHbp received from the date of licensure in October 2014 through December 2018. We described the characteristics of the persons and adverse events (AEs) reported and calculated reporting rates using the number of doses distributed. We used empirical Bayesian data mining to identify AEs reported at least twice as often as expected compared with all other vaccines.

Results
VAERS received 2106 reports involving MenB-FHbp, representing 698 reports per million doses distributed. The median age of vaccinees was 17 years, and 55% were female. MenB-FHbp was given simultaneously with other vaccines in 37% of reports. Most reports (57%) described AEs that started on the day of or day after vaccination. The most common AEs reported were pyrexia (27%), headache (25%), and pain (16%). There were 44 serious reports (2% of all reports), among which 42 reported a hospitalization. Data mining identified disproportional reporting of headache, pyrexia, chills, and myalgia.

Conclusions
The AEs most commonly or disproportionately reported following MenB-FHbp were consistent with those identified in clinical trials as described in the US package insert. We did not identify any new safety issues.
Effects of Recent Use of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Mortality of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Bae Seongman , Kim Ju Hyeon , Kim Ye-Jee , Lim Joon Seo , Yun Sung-Cheol , Kim Young-Hak , Lee Sang-Oh , Kim Sung-Han 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
There is growing concern about the potential harmful effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between recent exposure to ACEIs/ARBs and in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19.

Methods
We used data from a nationwide cohort of patients with COVID-19 from the health insurance claims data of South Korea, which were released for research purposes for public health by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of South Korea. Patients with COVID-19 were identified using the relevant diagnostic code. Propensity score matching (1:1) was carried out among patients with CVD according to the type of medication (ACEIs/ARBs vs other), and the risk of death was assessed.

Results
A total of 4936 patients with COVID-19 were analyzed, of whom 1048 (21.2%) had CVD. Of the 1048 patients with CVD, 864 (82.4%) received at least 1 antihypertensive medication before the diagnosis of COVID-19, including 359 (41.6%) who received ACEIs/ARBs and 505 (58.4%) who received drugs other than ACEIs/ARBs. Using the propensity scores for ACEI/ARB use, we matched 305 pairs of patients receiving ACEIs/ARBs and patients receiving other drugs. Recent use of ACEIs/ARBs was not significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in unadjusted analysis (odds ratio [OR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.33–1.14) or propensity score matching analysis (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.46–2.16).

Conclusions
In patients with COVID-19 and underlying CVDs, the recent use of ACEIs/ARBs was not significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. These findings do not support stopping or modifying ACEIs/ARBs in patients during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Relationship of Telomere Length to Fat Redistribution in HIV
Authors: Iyengar Sanjna , Cȏté Hélène C F , Fitch Kathleen V , Torriani Martin , Feldpausch Meghan , Srinivasa Suman 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Persons with HIV demonstrate increased risk for aging-associated complications and have reduced telomere length (TL) compared with age-matched persons without HIV. Our data show that greater visceral fat is related to reduced TL in HIV, independent of age and smoking. Fat redistribution may be a relevant mediator of TL attrition in HIV.