bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Okonkwo and David's Fall: A Social- Psychological Analysis
Authors: Haque Manfath Jabin 
Published: March 2020

Almost in every sphere of life social factors shape human thoughts and behaviors. This writing attempts to survey the social-psychological grounds accountable for the ‘fall’ of the black protagonist Okonkwo in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and of the white protagonist David Lurie in J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace. My intention behind picking up two opposite personalities of different social background is not to show the ‘comparative study’ in the sense of the term but to focus on the working of human inner truth and its cyclic response to particular social factors and imposition. An individual’s psychic crisis will arise if he has to receive any unexpected domination, interference or oppression. Likewise, the suppressed feelings of the ‘oppressed’ expose themselves if chance appears. Okonkwo, the Igbo hero of colonized Nigeria, cannot acclimate to the profound changes brought about by the British colonizers and is subjugated in the clash between two cultures and commits suicide to avoid humiliation from the colonizers. As a product of post-apartheid South Africa, David, along with his daughter, is severely assaulted by the newly powerful Blacks as a response of malevolence towards the former colonizers. With some exceptions, the parallel stories of the protagonists holding graceful positions in society and leading lives of free choice at the outset of the novels; going through the transitional period of wrongdoings resulted from individual faults and receiving punishment of facing harsh reality; and ultimately meeting their collapse as a consequence of the intrusive of external forces will ascertain that when panic and prejudice; hatred and resentment; lust for power and dominance come to the fore, effort at reconciliation is disregarded. If this state of affairs emerges, disintegration of human condition is unavoidable. ‘Role reversal’ may occur but ‘long-term peace’ is a concept like a mirage. Examination of psychological working and its relation to social condition can explore this state. This paper will endeavor to study the core causes regarding the inevitability of the fall of Okonkwo and David from social- psychological perspective.
“New People, New Style, Old Dance”: An Analysis of the Dominant Ideologies in Bate Besong’s Plays
Authors: Nchia Yimbu Emmanuel 
Published: March 2020

Borrowed from Ayi Kwei Armah’s The Beautiful Ones are Not Yet Born, the notion of ‘New People, New Style, Old Dance” is a perfect description of the kind and type of leadership that characterizes post independent Africa as exemplified in the plays of Bate Besong. This paper x-rays the parasitic nature of leadership politics in Besong’s plays and argues amongst other issues that the dreams of independence were all deferred with the accession to power by the neo-colonialist. It further stresses that the political transition of power from the colonial to the neo-colonial regime was a mere changed of political actors and tactics but the doctrine of oppression, exploitation, corruption and embezzlement amongst many other social vices still remained unchanged. Like their predecessors, these leaders perceived power as an opportunity for personal gains and not for the benefit of all and sundry.
From a Marxist critical paradigm, the analysis in this paper validates the Marxist dictum that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely (Emerich, 1887.1902). Besong’s plays in terms of ideology can rightly be considered as a dramatization of the excesses of autocratic leadership, conceived, spear headed and master minded by a group of beastlike (or Zombie) creatures with absolutely no concern for the suffering masses. Also, that his plays capture and dramatize the grimness and futility of the human condition in postcolonial Cameroon in particular and Africa at large. Furthermore, the analyses reveal that Africa’s leadership is responsible for the inability of the continent to emancipate itself from poverty, epidemics and persistent diseases. As a result, a continent rich in natural and human resources is continuously characterize by coup d’états, civil wars and social unrests because the wealth of the nation is at the mercy of a few elites while the rest of the citizenry suffer in abject poverty. Besong therefore as a ‘writer in postcolonial politics’ frowns at autocratic leadership and his plays suggest that Cameroon in particular and African as a whole need a new set of leaders with a decolonized mindset as conditions sine qua non for their emancipation from physical and mental oppression, corruption and exploitation.
Development of Integrated Economic Learning Materials Entrepreneurship Values for High School
Authors: Suryani Dhewi , Mulyani Endang 
Published: March 2020

This research objective is to develop integrated economic teaching in entrepreneurial values and find out eligibility for high school X-IPS1 students. They were using research and development (R&D) methods. The stages of the research include the initial research and information collecting, planning, develop preliminary form a product, preliminary field testing, leading product, operational product revision, and final product revision. The research Subjects used in this study include two validators, namely learning media experts, 37 class X-IPS1 students, and one economics teacher. The result achieved in the development of integrated economic teaching materials are entrepreneurial values, namely creative value, independence values, leadership values, risk-bearing values, and action-oriented values that were developed were categorized as useful from the aspects of content worthiness, language presentation was more than 75%. So the result of these studies can be entrepreneurial values are appropriate for use in learning in High School Class.
Time to Block: Early Regional Anesthesia Improves Pain Control in Geriatric Hip Fractures
Authors: Garlich John M. , Pujari Amit , Debbi Eytan M. , Yalamanchili Dheeraj R. , Moak Zachary B. , Stephenson Samuel K. , Stephan Stephen R. , Polakof Landon S. , Johnson Christopher R. , Noorzad Ali S. , Little Milton T.M. , Moon Charles N. , Black Jeanne T. , Anand Kapil K. , Lin Carol A. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Fascia iliaca nerve blocks (FIBs) anesthetize the thigh and provide opioid-sparing analgesia for geriatric patients with hip fracture awaiting a surgical procedure. FIBs are recommended for preoperative pain management; yet, block administration is often delayed for hours after admission, and delays in pain management lead to worse outcomes. Our objective was to determine whether opioid consumption and pain following a hip fracture are affected by the time to block (TTB). We also examined length of stay and opioid-related adverse events.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study included patients who were ≥60 years of age, presented with a hip fracture, and received a preoperative FIB from March 2017 to December 2017. Individualized care timelines, including the date and time of admission, block placement, and surgical procedure, were created to evaluate the effect that TTB and time to surgery (TTS) had on outcomes. Patterns among TTB, TTS, and morphine milligram equivalents (MME) were investigated using the Spearman rho correlation. For descriptive purposes, we divided patients into 2 groups based on the median TTB. Multivariable regression for preoperative MME and length of stay was performed to assess the effect of TTB.

Results:
There were 107 patients, with a mean age of 83.3 years, who received a preoperative FIB. The median TTB was 8.5 hours. Seventy-two percent of preoperative MME consumption occurred before block placement (pre-block MME). A longer TTB was most strongly correlated with pre-block MME (rho = 0.54; p < 0.001), and TTS was not correlated. Patients with a faster TTB consumed fewer opioids preoperatively (12.0 compared with 33.1 MME; p = 0.015), had lower visual analog scale scores for pain on postoperative day 1 (2.8 compared with 3.5 points; p = 0.046), and were discharged earlier (4.0 compared with 5.5 days; p = 0.039). There were no differences in preoperative pain scores, postoperative opioid consumption, delirium, or opioid-related adverse events. Multivariate regression showed that every hour of delay in TTB was associated with a 2.8% increase in preoperative MME and a 1.0% increase in the length of stay.

Conclusions:
Faster TTB in geriatric patients with hip fracture may reduce opioid use, pain, and length of stay.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Moving beyond individual barriers and identifying multi-level strategies to reduce anemia in Odisha India
Authors: Sedlander Erica , Long Michael , Mohanty Satyanarayan , Munjral Ashita , Bingenheimer Jeffrey B. , Yilma Hagere , Rimal Rajiv N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: To reduce the prevalence of anemia, the Indian government recommends daily iron and folic acid supplements (iron supplements) for pregnant women and weekly iron supplements for adolescents and all women of reproductive age. The government has distributed free iron supplements to adolescents and pregnant women for over four decades. However, initial uptake and adherence remain inadequate and non-pregnant women of reproductive age are largely ignored. The aim of this study is to examine the multilevel barriers to iron supplement use and to subsequently identify promising areas to intervene. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study in the state of Odisha, India. Data collection included key informant interviews, focus group discussions with women, husbands, and mothers-in-law, and direct observations in health centers, pharmacies and village health and nutrition days. Results: We found that at the individual level, participants knew that iron supplements prevent anemia but underestimated anemia prevalence and risk in their community. Participants also believed that taking too many iron supplements during pregnancy would “make your baby big” causing a painful birth and a costly cesarean section. At the interpersonal level, mothers-in-law were not supportive of their daughters-in-law taking regular iron supplements during pregnancy but husbands were more supportive. At the community level, participants reported that only pregnant women and adolescents are taking iron supplements, ignoring non-pregnant women altogether. Unequal gender norms are also an upstream barrier for non-pregnant women to prioritize their health to obtain iron supplements. At the policy level, frontline health workers distribute iron supplements to pregnant women only and do not follow up on adherence. Conclusions: Interventions should address multiple barriers to iron supplements use along the socio-ecological model. They should also be tailored to a woman’s reproductive life course stage: adolescents, pregnancy, and non-pregnant women of reproductive age because social norms and available services differ between the subpopulations.
Characterization of Visceral leishmaniasis Outbreak, Marsabit County, Kenya, 2014
Authors: Kanyina Evalyne Jaquelyne Wambui 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background : Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by protozoa of the Leishmania donovani complex. Annually, an estimated 500,000 cases of VL are reported globally posing a public health challenge. The objectives of our study were to confirm and determine the magnitude of VL outbreak, characterize the outbreak clinically and epidemiologically and evaluate the county preparedness and response in Marsabit County, Kenya. Methods : A retrospective review of laboratory registers and patients’ clinical notes was done at Marsabit County Hospital. Cases were persons with confirmed VL diagnosis either by microscopy, serology or molecular technique coming from Marsabit County from May to October 2014. Cases were interviewed using structured questionnaire to collect clinical and epidemiologic information. Blood samples were collected from cases for laboratory confirmation. Results : A total of 136 cases were confirmed of which 77% (105) were male with a median age of 17 (IQR: 22) years and 9.6% (13) case fatality rate. All cases were admitted at Marsabit County Referral Hospital, Kenya. Medical records of 133 cases were retrieved. Of the 133 cases, 102 (77%) presented with fever, 43 (32%) with splenomegaly, 26 (20%) with hepatomegaly and 96 (72%) were managed with Sodium stibogluconate (SSG) monotherapy. Thirty four cases (26%) received Full haemogram (FHG) test and none had more than one Liver Function Tests (LFTs) in a span of six months. No VL case management training had been conducted nor VL treatment guidelines distributed among health care workers (HCWs) in the last one year. Conclusions: VL cases were confirmed. Inadequate case monitoring and management was evident. VL case management sensitization training was conducted. The County health department should put in place one health VL surveillance and facilitate periodic case management trainings.
Strategy using a new antigenic test for rapid diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in respiratory samples from children consulting at hospital
Authors: Haddar Cyrille H , J Johan MD , Carricajo Anne , Verhoeven Paul O , Grattard Florence , Mory Olivier , Begaud Evelyne , Germani Yves , Cantais Aymeric , POZZETTO Bruno 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background. Despite vaccination programs, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains among the main microorganisms involved in bacterial pneumonia, notably in terms of severity. The prognosis of pneumococcal infections is conditioned in part by the precocity of the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) targeting cell wall polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae and performed directly in respiratory samples, on the strategy of diagnosis of respiratory pneumococcal infections in children. Results. Upper-respiratory tract samples from 196 children consulting at hospital for respiratory infection were tested for detecting S. pneumoniae using a newly-designed RDT (PneumoResp, Biospeedia), a semi-quantitative culture and two PCR assays. If positive on fluidized undiluted specimen, the RDT was repeated on 1:100-diluted sample. The RDT was found highly specific when tested on non-S. pneumoniae strains. By comparison to culture and PCR assays, the RDT on undiluted secretions exhibited a sensitivity (Se) and negative predictive value (NPV) of more than 98%. By comparison to criteria of S. pneumoniae pneumonia combining typical symptoms, X-ray image, and culture ≥ 107 CFU/ml, the Se and NPV of RDT on diluted specimens were 100% in both cases. Conclusions. In case of negative result, the excellent NPV of RDT on undiluted secretions allows excluding S. pneumoniae pneumonia. In case of positive result, the excellent sensitivity of RDT on diluted secretions for the diagnosis of S. pneumoniae pneumonia allows proposing a suitable antimicrobial treatment at day 0.
Comparison of health-related quality of life with different antitumor agents for advanced soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Suzuki Kayo , Yasuda Taketoshi , Watanabe Kenta , Kanamori Masahiko , Kawaguchi Yoshiharu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background During cancer treatment, maintenance and improvement of quality of life (QOL) are important, as is prolongation of overall survival. As the disease progresses, patients may experience a decline in QOL due to physical or mental changes. However, few studies have evaluated QOL longitudinally in advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients according to the antitumor agent. The purpose of this study was to compare health-related QOL (HRQOL) in patients with advanced STS receiving the combination regimen of doxorubicin and ifosfamide (AI) or three novel antitumor agents (pazopanib, trabectedin, eribulin). Methods Twelve patients diagnosed with advanced STS who started chemotherapy between 2010 and 2017 at our hospital were enrolled. HRQOL was assessed using the European Organization on Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Core Questionnaire-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) after three cycles of chemotherapy before assessing the effect of treatment. Global health status, a functional scale, and a symptomatic scale were compared for the AI regimen and the three novel antitumor agents. Results The mean global health status score of the patients treated with the AI regimen was significantly different from that of those treated with one of the three novel antitumor agents (37.9 and 56.8, respectively). No significant differences were found in the five functional scores. The nausea and vomiting score was significantly different between the AI regimen and eribulin. The constipation score was significantly higher with the AI regimen, and the diarrhea score was significantly higher with pazopanib. Conclusions Compared to the AI regimen, patients can continue treatment with one of the three innovative antitumor agents while maintaining QOL, even with progressive disease. In particular, of the three innovative antitumor agents compared to the AI regimen, patients treated with pazopanib were able to maintain social activities during treatment. In the second-line and subsequent treatments, we could not clearly show a different effect on maintenance of a better QOL among the three innovative drugs, so additional work in the future is needed. If we clarify which of the three drugs most affects QOL, recommendations can be made regarding treatment selection for the second-line and subsequent treatments.
Discovery and validation of immune- related long non-coding RNA biomarkers associated with prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Li , Tian She , Li Zhu , Gong Yongjun , Zhang Hao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common clinical malignant tumors, resulting in high mortality and poor prognosis. Studies have found that LncRNA plays an important role in the onset, metastasis and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. The immune system plays a vital role in the development, progression, metastasis and recurrence of cancer. Therefore, immune-related lncRNA can be used as a novel biomarker to predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods : The transcriptome data and clinical data of HCC patients were obtained by using The Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA‑LIHC), and immune-related genes were extracted from the Molecular Signatures Database (IMMUNE RESPONSE M19817 and IMMUNE SYSTEM PROCESS M13664). By constructing the co-expression network and Cox regression analysis, 13 immune-lncRNAs was identified to predict the prognosis of HCC patients. Patients were divided into high risk group and low risk group by using the risk score formula, and the difference in overall survival (OS) between the two groups was reflected by Kaplan-Meier survival curve. The time - dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to evaluate 13 immune -lncRNAs signature. Results : Through TCGA - LIHC extracted from 343 cases of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma RNA - Seq data and clinical data, 331 immune-related genes were extracted from the Molecular Signatures Database , co-expression networks and Cox regression analysis were constructed, 13 immune-lncRNAs signature was identified as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of patients. At the same time using the risk score median divided the patients into high risk and low risk groups, and through the Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis found that high-risk group of patients' overall survival (OS) less low risk group of patients. The AUC value of the ROC curve is 0.828, and principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that patients could be clearly divided into two parts by immune-lncRNAs, which provided evidence for the use of 13 immune-lncRNAs signature as prognostic markers. Conclusion : Our study identified 13 immune-lncRNAs signature that can effectively predict the prognosis of HCC patients, which may be a new prognostic indicator for predicting clinical outcomes.
A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of Current Research Trends in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Osteosarcoma
Authors: Yin Mengchen , Wang Hongshen , Xu Chongqing , Yan Yinjie , Mo Wen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma (OS), a most common malignant tumor arising from the bone, has a very high mortality and disability rate. Due to its multi-targeted and multi-biologically active natural components, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a good therapeutic efficacy and minimal side effects. So far, few analyses have summarized the researches of TCM treatment for OS. This study aimed to illustrate the research framework, overall knowledge structure, and development trends of TCM treatment for OS, using a bibliometric analysis and newly developed visualization tools. Methods: Research datasets were acquired from the Web of Science (WOS) database and the time span was defined as “all years”. Articles were tracked using the key words “osteosarcoma”, “Traditional Chinese Medicine”, “Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula”, “Chinese Herb Formula” and “Chinese herbal drug”. Moreover, VOS viewer and Citespace software was used to analyze the data and generate visualization knowledge maps. Annual trends of publications, distribution of institutes, distribution of journals, citation and H-Index status, co-authorship status, research hotspots and co-citation status were analyzed. Results: After reading the abstract or the full text, 223 publications in the WOS database met the requirement. The number of published articles showed a rise but the citation frequency and the H-index of China were relatively low. The cooperation between the countries, institutes and authors were relatively weak. Most publications were basic researches. Most previous researches focused on basic mechanisms of TCM in treating OS, and therapy and improvement of dosage form may become a frontier in this research field. Conclusion: Compared with other fields, this field is still in infancy. The distribution of researches is imbalanced and cooperation between countries, institutions and authors remains to be strengthened. Furthermore, basic research occupies an absolute dominant position, and the exploration of the molecular mechanism of TCM in preventing and treating OS may become a key point in the future.