bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitioning to age inclusive early intervention for psychosis
Authors: O'Driscoll Ciarán , Free Katherine , Attard Angelica , Carter Peter , Mason Jemma , Shaikh Madiha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimEarly Intervention in psychosis Services (EIS) have previously restricted access based on age. However, there is now a move to age inclusive service. We aimed to examine differences between early and late onset (>35 years) psychosis to see if a threshold was valid. We also investigated the potential of a statistical modelling method to identify group characteristics which may be missed using a descriptive approach.MethodsRoutine clinical data (n = 343), from an EIS, comprising socio‐demographic, clinical, physical and treatment variables, were examined using descriptive and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis.ResultsThe findings suggest that age differences were best explained by social factors. There was no emerging evidence that the differences exhibited had a fundamental impact on the clinical outcomes of the clients in terms of support beyond EIS (ie, hospitalization and home treatment team involvement) and pharmacological and psychological interventions. CART analysis revealed distinct service user characteristics associated with the clinical outcomes.ConclusionThere was no evidence to support a clinical cut off based on age providing support for age inclusive services. However, in the transition to age inclusive service delivery, EIS need to consider social/life stage variables, adapting provision where service delivery may operate a youth focused model. Routine analysis of clinical data should employ methods to identify groups of service users who may require adjusted service provision.
Responses of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea and bacteria to nitrogen and phosphorus amendments in an alpine steppe
Authors: Dong Junfu , Che Rongxiao , Jia Shugang , Wang Fang , Zhang Biao , Cui Xiaoyong , Wang Shiping , Wang Shuping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith the increasing demands of livestock production, grasslands are under pressure from over‐intensified grazing. Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) fertilization is widely employed to meet the nutrient demands of heavy grazing. Although soil ammonia‐oxidizers play a critical role in determining N dynamics after fertilizer application, their responses to fertilization are still not well understood in steppe grassland systems. Here, the individual and combined effects of N (0, 7.5 and 15 g N m−2year−1) and P (0, 3.27, 6.55 and 13.09 g P m−2year−1) applications on soil ammonia‐oxidizers were explored in the Tibetan alpine steppe. Ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) abundance and community composition were examined using qPCR, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and clone libraries. Results showed that AOB diversity was significantly increased by N fertilization and decreased by P fertilization. The abundance of AOB was significantly increased by N fertilization and its interactive effects with P application. In contrast, AOA community diversity and abundance remained unaffected by either N or P application. The AOB abundance and diversity were affected by the direct effects of N fertilization, as well as its indirect effects of N application through available N and ammonium (NH4+), and further analysis showed that NH4+and pH were the main factors. The changes to the ammonia‐oxidizing community altered the total N content of plants and the N:P ratio ofGramineae. Plant P properties were influenced by P addition, which also interacted with soil pH and available N to indirectly affect AOB. Overall, AOB exhibited stronger responses to N and P fertilization of alpine steppe grassland than AOA, and appear to play a critical role in plant nutrient absorption under fertilization management.HighlightsEffects of N and P application on AOA and AOB communities were evaluated.AOB, not AOA, responded to N or P, and their interaction, and NH4+and pH were regulators of AOB.N application affected AOB community, resulting in changes to plant nutrient absorption.P addition affected plant tissue stoichiometry, and thus affected AOB community.
Experiences of Family Belonging among Two Generations of Sexually Diverse Australians
Authors: Newman Christy E. , Persson Asha , Prankumar Sujith , Lea Toby , Aggleton Peter 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo extend knowledge about how lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans+, and queer (LGBTQ+) people relate to their families of origin by paying particular attention to their experiences of belonging within this context.BackgroundAlthough the impact of family rejection on young LGBTQ+ people is well established, circumstances and expressions of family belonging are less well understood.MethodTaking a qualitative, social generational approach, we asked two groups of Australians, born in the 1970s (n = 14) and 1990s (n = 18), about their experiences of family relationships when they were growing up sexually and/or gender diverse.ResultsA subset of participants described feeling accepted by families of origin, although very few were gender diverse. The 1970s cohort described these experiences as culturally exceptional, and the 1990s cohort as a birthright. Examples from both demonstrate how family belonging can remain conditional.ConclusionExperiences of family belonging reveal both the importance of family to the well‐being and flourishing of LGBTQ+ people, and the entanglement between individual and social understandings of what family acceptance comprises.ImplicationsScholars and support service providers may benefit from recognizing that some sexual minorities experience belonging in their families of origin, but work remains in understanding and challenging the conditions that some families continue to impose.
The potential and pitfalls of narrative elicitation in person‐centred care
Authors: Naldemirci Öncel , Britten Nicky , Lloyd Helen , Wolf Axel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundRevitalized interest in narrative has informed some recent models of patient and person‐centred care. Yet, scarce attention has been paid to how narrative elicitation is actually used in person‐centred care practice and in which ways it is incorporated into clinical routine.AimWe aimed to identify facilitators and barriers for narrative elicitation and setting goals in a particular example of person‐centred care practice (University of Gothenburg Centre for Person‐centred Care, GPCC) where narrative elicitation is considered as a method of setting goals for the patient.MethodsObservation of 14 admission interviews including narrative elicitation on an internal medicine ward in Sweden where person‐centred care was implemented. Five focus group vignette‐based interviews with nurses (n = 53) were conducted to assess confirmation of the emerging themes.ResultsThe inductive analysis resulted in three themes about the strategies to elicit patients' narratives: (a) Preparing for narrative elicitation, (b) Lingering in the patient's narrative, and (c) Co‐creating, that is, the practitioner's and third parties' engagement in the patient's narration. Even though there were obstacles to eliciting narratives and setting lifeworld goals in a medical setting, narrative elicitation was often useful to turn general and medical goals into more specific and personal goals.ConclusionsNarrative elicitation is neither a simple transition from traditional medical history taking nor a type of structured interview. It entails skills and strategies to be practiced. On the one hand, it revitalizes ethical considerations about clinical relationship building. On the other hand, it can help patients articulate lifeworld goals that are meaningful and important for themselves.
Immigration Detention under the Global Compacts in the Light of Refugee and Human Rights Law Standards
Authors: Majcher Izabella 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe article explores how immigration detention is addressed in the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) and Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) and investigates the potential implications of the compacts on the existing legal framework regulating the use of immigration detention. While Objective 13 of the GCM largely reflects detention‐related standards under international human rights law, the GCR makes only scarce references to detention in §60. Overall, the compacts risk inhibiting gradual endorsement of the norm of non‐detention of children. On the other hand, they rightly restate the priority for alternatives to detention for adults. States should implement the provisions of the compacts in line with their obligations under international human rights and refugee law. The compacts cannot be used as a pretext to lower domestic detention‐related standards or to diminish the validity of the existing framework governing immigration detention.
Thermal niche traits of high alpine plant species and communities across the tropical Andes and their vulnerability to global warming
Authors: Cuesta Francisco , Tovar Carolina , Llambí Luis D. , Gosling William D. , Halloy Stephan , Carilla Julieta , Muriel Priscilla , Meneses Rosa I. , Beck Stephan , Ulloa Ulloa Carmen , Yager Karina , Aguirre Nikolay , Viñas Paul , Jácome Jorge , Suárez‐Duque David , Buytaert Wouter , Pauli Harald 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThe climate variability hypothesis (CVH) predicts that locations with reduced seasonal temperature variation select for species with narrower thermal ranges. Here we (a) test the CVH by assessing the effect of latitude and elevation on the thermal ranges of Andean vascular plant species and communities, and (b) assess tropical alpine plants vulnerability to warming based on their thermal traits.LocationHigh tropical Andes.TaxonVascular plants.MethodsTemperature data for 505 vascular plant species from alpine communities on 49 summits, were extracted from 29,627 georeferenced occurrences. Species thermal niche traits (TNTs) were estimated using bootstrapping for: minimum temperature, optimum (mean) temperature and breadth (maximum‐minimum). Plant community‐weighted scores were estimated using the TNTs of their constituent species. CVH was tested for species, biogeographical species groups and communities. Vulnerability to global warming was assessed for species, biogeographical species groups and communities.ResultsSpecies restricted to the equator showed narrower thermal niche breadth than species whose ranges stretch far from the equator, however, no difference in niche breadth was found across summits’ elevation. Biogeographical species groups distributed close to the equator and restricted to alpine regions showed narrower niche breadth than those with broader ranges. Community‐weighted scores of thermal niche breadth were positively related to distance from equator but not to elevation. Based on their TNTs, species restricted to equatorial latitudes and plant communities dominated by these species were identified as the most vulnerable to the projected 1.5°C warming, due to a potentially higher risk of losing thermal niche space.Main conclusionsOur study confirms that the CVH applies to high tropical Andean plant species and communities, where latitude has a strong effect on the thermal niche breadth. TNTs are identified as suitable indicators of species’ vulnerability to warming and are suggested to be included in long‐term biodiversity monitoring in the Andes.
Effects of the ARCS‐V‐based motivational strategies on online learners' academic performance, motivation, volition, and course interest
Authors: Ucar Hasan , Kumtepe Alper Tolga 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis exploratory experimental study investigates the impact of motivational strategies based on the Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction, and Volition (ARCS‐V) model on online learners' academic performance, motivation, volition, and course interest. The research was conducted over an 11‐week semester with 122 undergraduate online learners within two groups. One group received a traditional e‐course, while the other group was offered the course with extra motivational strategies derived from the ARCS‐V model. The results revealed that the group who used motivational strategies showed significantly higher gains in motivation, academic performance, and course interest scores. However, there were no significant differences between the groups regarding the volition. Furthermore, the motivation and interest variables were measured with Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction subscales of the ARCS‐V model. In terms of interest variable, there was only a statistically significant difference on the Attention subscale. Regarding motivation variable, the results also showed a statistically significant difference on the attention, confidence, and satisfaction subsections of the ARCS‐V model. The findings of the present study offer insights into ARCSV model‐based research by examining the effects of the model as a valid and reliable framework for online learning environments. The implications and directions for future research are then discussed.
TPD7 inhibits the growth of cutaneous T cell lymphoma H9 cell through regulating IL‐2R signalling pathway
Authors: Zhu Man , Yang Liu , Shi Xianpeng , Gong Zhengyan , Yu Runze , Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Yanmin , Ma Weina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIL‐2R pathway is a key regulator in the development of immune cells and has emerged as a promising drug target in cancer treatment, but there is a scarcity of related inhibitors. TPD7 is a novel biphenyl urea taspine derivate, which has been shown anti‐cancer effect. Here, we demonstrated the anti‐cancer activity of TPD7 in cutaneous T cell lymphoma and investigated the underlying mechanism of TPD7 through IL‐2R signalling. The inhibitory effect of TPD7 on cell viability exhibited a strong correlation with the expression level of IL‐2R, and cutaneous T cell lymphoma H9 and HUT78 cells were most sensitive to TPD7. TPD7 was nicely bound to IL‐2R and down‐regulated the mRNA and protein levels of IL‐2R. Furthermore, TPD7 suppressed the downstream cascades of IL‐2R including JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and PLCγ/Raf/MAPK signalling, resulting in Bcl‐2 mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and cell cycle proteins CDK/Cyclins regulation. And, these were verified by flow cytometry analysis that TPD7 facilitated cell apoptosis in H9 cells via mitochondrial pathway and impeded cell cycle progression at G2/M phase. TPD7 is a novel anti‐cancer agent and may be a potential candidate for cutaneous T cell lymphoma treatment by regulating IL‐2R signalling pathway.
Long‐term (52‐week) efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin add‐on therapy to insulin in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: An uncontrolled, open‐label extension of a phase III study
Authors: Kaku Kohei , Isaka Hiroyuki , Sakatani Taishi , Toyoshima Junko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the present study was to assess the long‐term (52‐week) efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in insulin‐treated Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and inadequate glycemic control.Materials and MethodsIn this 28‐week, open‐label extension of a multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled, 24‐week phase III study, ipragliflozin recipients continued treatment (50 mg, once daily), and placebo recipients were switched to once‐daily 50 mg ipragliflozin at the start of the extension period. The ipragliflozin dose could be increased to 100 mg if warranted. The primary end‐point was change in glycated hemoglobin; secondary end‐points were change in insulin dose and bodyweight. Safety outcomes were monitored as treatment‐emergent adverse events.ResultsA total of 53 (placebo switched to ipragliflozin) and 108 (ipragliflozin) patients completed the open‐label extension (treatment period 2), with 24 and 44 patients, respectively, receiving dose increases. From baseline to end of treatment, the overall mean change (standard deviation [SD]) in glycated hemoglobin was −0.33% (0.72; −3.7 mmol/mol [7.9]), with changes in basal, bolus and total insulin doses of −3.76 IU (SD 3.85 IU), −2.51 IU (SD 7.08 IU) and −6.27 IU (SD 8.16 IU), respectively. No serious drug‐related treatment‐emergent adverse events or deaths were reported. Treatment‐emergent adverse events leading to study discontinuation occurred in zero and three (2.6%) patients in the placebo switched to ipragliflozin and ipragliflozin groups, respectively; all were considered drug‐related. There were no cases of severe hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis, and no safety concerns related to dose increase.ConclusionsThe efficacy and safety of 50 mg, once‐daily ipragliflozin in insulin‐treated type 1 diabetes mellitus patients were confirmed in this long‐term, open‐label extension study. No safety concerns were attributed to a dose increase to 100 mg.
Safe and effective use of alitretinoin in children with recalcitrant hand eczema and other dermatoses – a retrospective analysis
Authors: Luchsinger I. , Vogler T. , Schwieger‐Briel A. , Knöpfel N. , Wälchli R. , Weibel L. , Theiler M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlitretinoin is a systemic retinoid licensed for use in adult patients suffering from chronic hand eczema recalcitrant to potent topical steroids. Experience with its use in childhood is lacking.ObjectivesTo report on the efficacy and safety of alitretinoin treatment in a cohort of children and adolescents with chronic hand eczema (CHE) and other inflammatory skin diseases.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of all consecutive patients under the age of 18 years treated with alitretinoin at our paediatric skin centre. Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) was used as the primary outcome measure.ResultsThirteen children (9 girls and 4 boys) were enrolled in this study. The median age at start of treatment with alitretinoin was 11.5 years (range 5.8–15.8 years). Nine children were diagnosed with CHE, two with severe atopic dermatitis (AD), and two with inherited ichthyosis [netherton syndrome (NS), autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI)]. Moderate to excellent response (PGA decrease of ≥1 point) was observed in 7 (78%) of the nine patients with CHE, one of the two patients with extensive AD and in the one patient with ARCI. In the remaining four subjects, no convincing effect was documented. Tolerability was overall very good. The most common adverse event was headache in 10 patients (77%) during the initiation of treatment, leading to interruption of therapy in one subject.ConclusionsAlitretinoin seems to be highly effective and safe for the treatment of paediatric CHE and should thus be considered in children with refractory disease under topical therapy. Larger studies are required to corroborate these findings.
Pressurized hot water extraction of phenolic compounds from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana: An UPLC‐ESI‐MSMS study
Authors: Sandra Pedisić , Zorić Zoran , Bursać Kovačević Danijela , Elez Garofulić Ivona , Dragović‐Uzelac Verica 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBioactive polyphenolic compounds are present in Stevia rebaudiana leaves and pressurized hot water was applied for their extraction. The extraction was carried out at a constant pressure of 10.34 MPa and the effects of extraction parameters, temperature (100–160°C), time (5 and 10 min), and cycles (1–3) on the polyphenolic composition and content were determined [Correction added on 6 January 2020, after first online publication: the preceding sentence has been updated to reflect the correct temperature from “(10–160°C)” to “(100–160°C)”.]. A total of 33 polyphenolic compounds of four major categories namely phenolic acids, flavonols, flavones, and flavanols were determined in stevia extracts using UPLC‐ESI‐MS2, but the main polyphenolics were mono‐ and diacyl caffeoylquinic acids and quercetin glycosides. The observed pressurized hot water extraction parameters had a statistically significant effect on extraction yield of all analyzed stevia polyphenol subclasses. Cumulative effects of temperature and cycle number did not cause a significant difference in the extraction yield of flavan‐3‐ols. There was no difference in phenolic acids and flavonols with prolonged static extraction time at the highest temperature. Increasing the cycle number minimizes the effect of static time prolongation. The most suitable extraction conditions of stevia phenolic acids and flavanols were found to be at the 130°C and for flavonols and flavones at 160°C at the same extraction time of 10 min and 3 cycles.Practical ApplicationsThe major application of stevia extracts and stevioside is their use as a sweetener and dietary supplement. Apart from the sweet content, Stevia rebaudiana has numerous compounds with bioactive potential such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, sterols, triterpenoids, chlorophylls, alkaloids, lipids, essential oils, and trace elements. Past few years, stevia has attracted significant scientific interest as a natural antioxidant agent. Therefore, in this study, pressurized hot water extraction was optimized using water as generally recognized as safe solvent in order to establish an effective method for the production of stevia leaf extract rich in polyphenols. UPLC‐MS/MS analysis showed 33 different phenolic compounds belonging to the classes of phenolic acids, flavonols, flavones, and flavanols with mono‐ and diacyl caffeoylquinic acids and quercetin glycosides in the highest concentrations, indicating high potential of stevia leaves' extract for use in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Antipsychotics and the Risk of Mortality or Cardiopulmonary Arrest in Hospitalized Adults
Authors: Basciotta Matthew , Zhou Wenxiao , Ngo Long , Donnino Michael , Marcantonio Edward R. , Herzig Shoshana J. 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVESPrior studies in outpatient and long‐term care settings demonstrated increased risk for sudden death with typical and atypical antipsychotics. To date, no studies have investigated this association in a general hospitalized population. We sought to evaluate the risk of death or nonfatal cardiopulmonary arrest in hospitalized adults exposed to antipsychotics.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGLarge academic medical center in Boston, Massachusetts.PARTICIPANTSAll hospitalizations between 2010 and 2016 were eligible for inclusion. We excluded those admitted directly to the intensive care unit (ICU), obstetric and gynecologic or psychiatric services, or with a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder.INTERVENTIONTypical and atypical antipsychotic administration, defined by pharmacy charges.MEASUREMENTSThe primary outcome was death or nonfatal cardiopulmonary arrest during hospitalization (composite).RESULTSOf 150 948 hospitalizations in our cohort, there were 691 total events (515 deaths, 176 cardiopulmonary arrests). After controlling for comorbidities, ICU time, demographics, admission type, and other medication exposures, typical antipsychotics were associated with the primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1‐2.4; P = .02), whereas atypical antipsychotics were not (HR = 1.1; 95% CI = .8‐1.4; P = .5). When focusing on adults age 65 years and older, however, both typical and atypical antipsychotics were associated with increased risk of death or cardiopulmonary arrest (HR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.1‐2.9; and HR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1‐2.0, respectively). Sensitivity analyses using a propensity score approach and a cohort of only patients with delirium both yielded similar results.CONCLUSIONIn hospitalized adults, typical antipsychotics were associated with increased mortality or cardiopulmonary arrest, whereas atypical antipsychotics were only associated with increased risk among adults age 65 years and older. Providers should be thoughtful when prescribing antipsychotic medications, especially to older adults in settings where data regarding benefit are lacking. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:544–550, 2020