bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Trends of Women Surgeon Speakers at National Trauma Surgery Conferences: The Trauma House Is Improving
Authors: Shaikh Saamia , Malik Ameena , Boneva Dessy , Hai Shaikh , McKenney Mark , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: June 2020

Background An invitation to speak at a national meeting represents the advancement of one’s career and indicates acceptance and the attention of the scientific community. Studies have revealed gender disparities across medical and surgical society meetings. The purpose of our study was to assess the current trend of women surgeon speakers at major national trauma surgery conferences during the last 4 years (ie, 2016-2019). Methods A retrospective analysis of conference programs of major trauma surgery association annual meetings including the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST), the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST), and the Western Trauma Association (WTA) was conducted. Our primary outcome was the number and proportion of women surgeon speakers at each conference each year. Results Twelve conference programs from three national trauma surgery association annual meetings were reviewed. A total of 2029 speakers were included; 608 (30%) of which were female and 1421 (70%) of which were male. The proportion of women speakers ranged from 22.3% to 41.4%. The number of women speakers increased each year from 2016 to 2019: (EAST: 25.2%-39.8%, P = .049; AAST: 27.1%-41.4%, P < .00001, and WTA: 27.8%-33.3%, P = . 0.573). Conclusion The number of women surgeon speakers at national trauma surgery conferences significantly increased from 2016 to 2019. The increase in women trauma surgeon speakers is encouraging and should be celebrated, but organizational leadership should take this information into account while extending invitations to surgeons for speaking opportunities and continue to promote diversity and inclusivity.
Relationship between interleukin-13 rs20541 single nucleotide polymorphisms and therapeutic efficacy in children with asthma
Authors: Liu Lixiao , Yue Dongmei , Hu Lan , Wang Fei , Huang Ying , Liao Yang 
Published: June 2020

Objective To investigate the relationship between therapeutic efficacy in children with asthma and interleukin-13 (IL-13) rs20541 polymorphisms. Methods Fifty children with moderate-to-severe asthma were assigned to the GG, GA, and AA groups according to the IL-13 gene locus rs20541 polymorphism. The patients received budesonide inhalation suspension 1 mg twice daily combined with fluticasone propionate 80 µg/inhalation. The improvement of clinical symptoms (gasping, coughing, and wheezing), improvement of lung function, and adverse reactions were observed. Results Lung function did not significantly differ among three groups before treatment. After treatment, the time to symptom relief was significantly shorter in the GG group than that in the other two groups. The forced expiratory volume in one second and percent predicted peak expiratory flow were also significantly better in the GG group than in the other two groups. Conclusion Budesonide inhalation suspension combined with fluticasone propionate is an effective treatment regimen for moderate-to-severe asthma. Polymorphism of the IL-13 rs20541 locus may be correlated with therapeutic efficacy. Patients carrying the GG allele were more responsive than their counterparts with the GA or AA allele.
Decreased expression of autophagy markers in culture-positive patients with chronic otitis media
Authors: Jung Junyang , Park Dong Choon , Kim Young Il , Lee Eun Hye , Park Myung Jin , Kim Sang Hoon , Yeo Seung Geun 
Published: June 2020

Objective Abnormal autophagy plays a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This study aimed to evaluate associations between the clinical manifestations of chronic otitis media (COM) and expression of autophagy markers. Methods Associations between presence of bacteria, otorrhea, and conductive and sensorineural hearing loss and levels of autophagy-related mRNAs were investigated in 47 patients with COM. Results Autophagy-related mRNAs were detected in all inflammatory tissues of COM patients. LC3-II showed the highest level of expression, followed by Beclin-1, P13KC3, Rubicon, and mTOR. Beclin-1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in culture-positive than in culture-negative patients. Conclusion Autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of COM. The finding that expression of autophagy markers, especially Beclin-1, was lower in culture-positive than in culture-negative patients suggested that these markers are closely associated with the clinical features of COM.
Can we define reliable risk factors for anastomotic strictures following radical prostatectomy?
Authors: Spek Annabel , Buchner Alexander , Khury Farouk , Khoder Wael , Tritschler Stefan , Stief Christian 
Published: June 2020

Background: To identify risk factors for anastomotic strictures in patients after radical prostatectomy. Methods: In all, 140 prostate cancer patients with one or more postoperative anastomotic strictures after radical prostatectomy were included. All patients underwent transurethral anastomotic resection at the University Hospital of Munich between January 2009 and May 2016. Clinical data and follow-up information were retrieved from patients’ records. Statistical analysis was done using Kaplan-Meier curves and log rank-test with time to first transurethral anastomotic resection as endpoint, Chi-square-test, and Mann–Whitney-U test. Results: In all, 140 patients with a median age of 67 years (IQR: 61–71 years) underwent radical prostatectomy. Median age at time of transurethral anastomotic resection was 68 years (IQR: 62–72). Patients needed 2 surgical interventions in median (range: 1–15). Median time from radical prostatectomy to transurethral anastomotic resection was 6 months (IQR: 3.9–17.4). Median duration of catheterization after radical prostatectomy was 10 days (IQR: 8–13). In all, 26% (36/140) received additional radiotherapy. Regarding time to first transurethral anastomotic resection, age and longer duration of catheterization after radical prostatectomy with a cutoff of 7 days showed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.392 and p = 0.141, respectively). Tumor stage was no predictor for development of anastomotic strictures (p = 0.892), and neither was prior adjuvant radiation (p = 0.162). Potential risk factors were compared between patients with up to 2 strictures (low-risk) and patients developing > 2 strictures (high-risk): high-risk patients had more often injection of cortisone during surgery (14% vs 0%, p < 0.001) and more frequently advanced tumor stage pT > 2 (54% vs 38%, p = 0.055), respectively. Other risk factors did not show any significant difference compared to number of prior transurethral anastomotic strictures. Conclusions: We could not identify a reliable risk factor to predict development of anastomotic strictures following radical prostatectomy.
Lumateperone: A Novel Antipsychotic for Schizophrenia
Authors: Greenwood Jessica , Acharya Rucha B. , Marcellus Valerie , Rey Jose A. 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To provide a concise review of the new Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antipsychotic, lumateperone, for use in schizophrenia. Data Sources: A literature search of PubMed was performed (January 2000 to May 2020) using the following key terms: lumateperone, Caplyta, and ITI-007. Abstracts from conferences, review articles, clinical trials, and drug monographs were reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant English-language monographs and studies conducted in humans were considered. Data Synthesis: Lumateperone was FDA approved for the treatment of schizophrenia in December 2019 based on 2 published randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Lumateperone’s pharmacology is consistent with that of other second-generation antipsychotics in that it has a higher affinity for the serotonin (5-HT2A) receptors compared with dopamine (D2) receptors but with lower affinities for α-1 and histaminergic receptors. In addition, it serves as a presynaptic dopamine partial agonist, serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and an indirect modulator of glutamatergic systems. Based on the 4-week clinical trials, lumateperone was well tolerated. Most common treatment-emergent adverse events were headache, somnolence, and dizziness. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: At this time, lumateperone had a statistically significant reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale when compared with placebo and was not significantly associated with the extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and metabolic adverse effects commonly seen with other antipsychotics. Conclusions: Lumateperone has the potential to benefit individuals with schizophrenia who are intolerant to the EPSs or metabolic adverse effects of other antipsychotics. However, further head-to-head trials with commercially available antipsychotics are still required to assist in establishing its role in treatment.
Percutaneous creation of proximal radio-radial arteriovenous hemodialysis fistula before secondary brachial vein elevation
Authors: Mallios Alexandros , Bourquelot Pierre , Harika Ghazi , Boura Benoit , Jennings William C 
Published: June 2020

Objective: We evaluate the creation of a percutaneous proximal radial artery–radial vein arteriovenous fistula with Ellipsys® instead of the usual first-stage brachial artery fistula prior to a second-stage brachial vein elevation, in patients with inadequate cephalic and basilic veins. Methods: Single center study of eight patients (six males, mean = 54 years) who underwent a two-stage brachial vein elevation procedure between May 2017 and October 2019. Inclusion criteria were life expectancy > 6 months, patent brachial and proximal radial artery (>2 mm in diameter) absent/inadequate cephalic and basilic veins, existence of a brachial vein >3 mm in diameter, and in continuity with a proximal radial vein > 2 mm in diameter. Results: Technical success was 100%. Four patients required angioplasty of a juxta-anastomotic stenosis, accounting for a 6-month primary and secondary patency rates were 68% and 100%, respectively. Access flow averaged 982 mL/min (range 768–1586) at final follow-up evaluation. There were no significant adverse events related to the procedures. All fistulae were elevated at 4–12 (mean: 8) weeks post creation and were successfully cannulated with two needles after healing was completed (2–4 weeks after elevation). No patients developed hand ischemia or arm edema. Conclusions: Percutaneous creation of a proximal radial artery–radial vein fistula followed by brachial vein elevation is a safe and reliable option for autogenous access creation in patients with inadequate cephalic or basilic veins. Minimally invasive radial artery inflow and longer available length of the targeted brachial vein available for elevation are the main advantages in skilled hands.
Do ‘Videos’ sections of Internet search engines provide accurate and adequate information about totally implantable venous access ports?
Authors: Depboylu Burak Can , Yazman Serkan 
Published: June 2020

Objective: After cancer diagnosis, patients often look to Internet to learn more about totally implantable venous access ports which improve compliance with systemic anticancer therapy, as they do not get enough information from healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the video quality on Internet about totally implantable venous access ports using the most used three Internet search engines worldwide. Methods: ‘Videos’ sections of the most used three Internet search engines were queried using ‘Chemotherapy Port’, ‘Port Catheter’ and ‘Totally Implantable Venous Access Ports’ keywords. First, 50 results of each keyword in each search engine were analysed and evaluated according to a novel scoring system created by authors (totally implantable venous access port video evaluation score), Journal of the American Medical Association score and modified DISCERN score by independent reviewers. Obtained data were analysed by descriptive statistics, Kruskal–Wallis and chi-square tests. Results: Of the 450 videos, 229 were evaluated. The total video length was 1394.38 min. The mean video length was 6.08 ± 5.39 min, and the mean video view count was 32,553.71 ± 83,524.23. Mean Journal of the American Medical Association score, modified DISCERN score and totally implantable venous access port video evaluation score were 2.33 ± 0.90, 2.43 ± 1.59 and 3.54 ± 3.47, respectively. According to totally implantable venous access port video evaluation score, of the videos, 1.3% were remarkable, 5.2% were useful, 25.8% were poor and 67.7% were useless. Of the videos, 36.7% have been presented by healthcare professionals. Mean Journal of the American Medical Association score, modified DISCERN score and totally implantable venous access port video evaluation score of these videos were 3.11 ± 0.68, 3.97 ± 0.93 and 4.69 ± 4.25, respectively (p = 0.000, p = 0.000 and p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: Internet search engines’ ‘Videos’ sections have the potential of providing information about totally implantable venous access ports. However, they are vulnerable to providing unreliable information. This study has showed that videos about totally implantable venous access ports are insufficient in terms of reliability and integrity and may mislead patients.
The Role of Hyponatraemia Before Surgery in Patients With Radical Resected Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Berardi Rossana , Rinaldi Silvia , Belfiori Giulio , Partelli Stefano , Crippa Stefano , Torniai Mariangela , Falconi Massimo 
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Hyponatraemia represents a negative prognostic factor in patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to assess, for the first time, the role of hyponatraemia in patients undergoing radical surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Methods: A total of 89 patients with stage I-III pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma underwent radical surgery between November 2012 and October 2014. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. A Cox regression model was carried out for univariate and multivariate analyses. Fisher exact test was used to estimate correlation between variables. Results: In total, 12 patients (14%) presented with hyponatraemia at diagnosis. The median DSS was 20 months in patients with hyponatraemia and not reached in patients with eunatraemia ( P < .1073), while a statistical significant difference was observed in terms of median RFS (10 months vs 17 months, respectively; P = .0233). Considering clinical features (hyponatraemia, smoke and alcoholic habit, diabetes, pain, and jaundice), patients with 4 or more of these factors had a worse prognosis (mDSS: 30 months vs not reached; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.16-0.80; P = .0120). Conclusions: The presence of hyponatraemia and its prompt correction at the diagnosis time should be considered for the correct management of patients with pancreatic carcinoma.
Household paired design reduces variance and increases power in multi-city gut microbiome study in multiple sclerosis
Authors:   The iMSMS Consortium, Zhou Xiaoyuan , Singh Sneha , Baumann Ryan , Barba Patrick , Landefeld James , Casaccia Patrizia , Sand Ilana Katz , Xia Zongqi , Weiner Howard , Chitnis Tanuja , Chandran Siddharthan , Connick Peter , Otaegui David , Castillo-Triviño Tamara , Caillier Stacy J. , Santaniello Adam , Ackermann Gail , Humphrey Greg , Negrotto Laura , Farez Mauricio , Hohlfeld Reinhard , Pröbstel Anne-Katrin , Jia Xiaoming , Graves Jennifer , Bar-or Amit , Oksenberg Jorge R. , Gelfand Jeffery , Wilson Michael R. , Crabtree Elizabeth , Zamvil Scott S , Correale Jorge , Cree Bruce A.C. , Hauser Stephen L. , Knight Rob , Baranzini Sergio E. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Evidence for a role of human gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis (MS) risk is mounting, yet large variability is seen across studies. This is, in part, due to the lack of standardization of study protocols, sample collection methods, and sequencing approaches. Objective: This study aims to address the effect of a household experimental design, sample collection, and sequencing approaches in a gut microbiome study in MS subjects from a multi-city study population. Methods: We analyzed 128 MS patient and cohabiting healthy control pairs from the International MS Microbiome Study (iMSMS). A total of 1005 snap-frozen or desiccated Q-tip stool samples were collected and evaluated using 16S and shallow whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing. Results: The intra-individual variance observed by different collection strategies was dramatically lower than inter-individual variance. Shallow shotgun highly correlated with 16S sequencing. Participant house and recruitment site accounted for the two largest sources of microbial variance, while higher microbial similarity was seen in household-matched participants as hypothesized. A significant proportion of the variance in dietary intake was also dominated by geographic distance. Conclusion: A household pair study largely overcomes common inherent limitations and increases statistical power in population-based microbiome studies.
Mindfulness, Education, and Exercise for age-related cognitive decline: Study protocol, pilot study results, and description of the baseline sample
Authors: Wetherell Julie Loebach , Ripperger Hayley S , Voegtle Michelle , Ances Beau M , Balota David , Bower Emily S , Depp Colin , Eyler Lisa , Foster Erin R , Head Denise , Hershey Tamara , Hickman Steven , Kamantigue Noralinda , Klein Samuel , Miller J Philip , Yingling Michael D , Nichols Jeanne , Nicol Ginger E , Patterson Bruce W , Rodebaugh Thomas L , Shimony Joshua S , Snyder Abraham , Stephens Mary , Tate Susan , Uhrich Mary L , Wing David , Wu Gregory F , Lenze Eric J ,   On Behalf of the MEDEX Research Group
Published: June 2020

Background/Aims Age-related cognitive decline is a pervasive problem in our aging population. To date, no pharmacological treatments to halt or reverse cognitive decline are available. Behavioral interventions, such as physical exercise and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, may reduce or reverse cognitive decline, but rigorously designed randomized controlled trials are needed to test the efficacy of such interventions. Methods Here, we describe the design of the Mindfulness, Education, and Exercise study, an 18-month randomized controlled trial that will assess the effect of two interventions—mindfulness training plus moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise or moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise alone—compared with a health education control group on cognitive function in older adults. An extensive battery of biobehavioral assessments will be used to understand the mechanisms of cognitive remediation, by using structural and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and metabolic and behavioral assessments. Results We provide the results from a preliminary study (n = 29) of non-randomized pilot participants who received both the exercise and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction interventions. We also provide details on the recruitment and baseline characteristics of the randomized controlled trial sample (n = 585). Conclusion When complete, the Mindfulness, Education, and Exercise study will inform the research community on the efficacy of these widely available interventions improve cognitive functioning in older adults.
Evaluation of Opportunities and Limitations of Mid-Infrared Skin Spectroscopy for Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Delbeck Sven , Heise H. Michael 
Published: June 2020

Background: A wide range of optical techniques has recently been presented for the development of noninvasive methods for blood glucose sensing based on multivariate skin spectrum analysis, and most recent studies are reviewed in short by us. The vibrational spectral fingerprints of glucose, as especially found in the mid-infrared or Raman spectrum, have been suggested for achieving largest selectivity for the development of noninvasive blood glucose methods. Methods: Here, the different aspects on integral skin measurements are presented, which are much dependent on the absorption characteristics of water as the main skin constituent. In particular, different mid-infrared measurement techniques as realized recently are discussed. The limitations of the use of the attenuated total reflection technique in particular are elaborated, and confounding skin or saliva spectral features are illustrated and discussed in the light of recently published works, claiming that the attenuated total reflection technique can be utilized for noninvasive measurements. Results: It will be shown that the penetration depth of the infrared radiation with wavelengths around 10 µm is the essential parameter, which can be modulated by different measurement techniques as with photothermal or diffuse reflection. However, the law of physics is limiting the option of using the attenuated total reflection technique with waveguides from diamond or similar optical materials. Conclusions: There are confounding features from mucosa, stratum corneum, or saliva, which have been misinterpreted for glucose measurements. Results of an earlier study with multivariate evaluation based on glucose fingerprint features are again referred to as a negative experimental proof.
Skin Prick Test Versus Phadiatop as a Tool for Diagnosis of Allergic Rhinitis in Children
Authors: Traiyan Sasiwimon , Manuyakorn Wiparat , Kanchongkittiphon Watcharoot , Sasisakulporn Cherapat , Jotikasthira Wanlapa , Kiewngam Potjanee , Kamchaisatian Wasu , Benjaponpitak Suwat 
Published: June 2020

Background Skin prick test (SPT) or Phadiatop, a multi-allergen IgE screening test, was used as a tool for detecting aeroallergen sensitization. Objective To compare SPT and Phadiatop as a tool for diagnosis allergic rhinitis (AR) using the nasal provocation test (NPT) as a comparative standard. Methods Children aged 5-18 years with rhinitis symptoms more than 6 times in the past year were enrolled. SPT to 13 common aeroallergens, serum for Phadiatop, and NPT to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) were performed. NPT to mixed cockroach (CR) were performed in children who had CR sensitization and negative NPT to Der p. Children who had a disagreement between the result of SPT and Phadiatop or having negative results were evaluated for specific IgE (sIgE) to common aeroallergens. Results One hundred-forty children were enrolled with the mean age of 9.8 ± 3 years, 56% were male. Of 92 children (65.7%) with positive SPT to any aeroallergens, 88 children (95.6%) were sensitized to house dust mite (HDM). NPT showed positive results in 97 children (69.3%). Of 48 children who showed negative SPT, 4 children (8.3%) had sIgE to aeroallergens but NPT was positive in 1 child. Eighty-eight children (62.9%) had positive tests for Phadiatop and 4 (4.5%) of them had negative results for NPT to Der p. Among 52 children who had negative results for Phadiatop, 4 children (7.6%) had sIgE to aeroallergens but NPT was positive in 2 children (3.8%). SPT and Phadiatop showed 94.2% agreement: with Kappa 0.876, p < 0.001. Using NPT as a comparative standard for diagnosis for AR, SPT showed a sensitivity of 89.6% and specificity of 88.3% and Phadiatop provided the sensitivity of 88.6% and specificity of 95.3%. Conclusions SPT to aeroallergen and Phadiatop have good and comparable sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of AR in children.