bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience, frailty and outcomes in geriatric rehabilitation
Authors: Kohler Sabrina , Rametta Robert , Poulter Matthew , Vogrin Sara , Yates Paul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess relationships between resilience, frailty and outcomes in geriatric rehabilitation inpatients.MethodsEighty‐nine inpatients had Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) and frailty index (FI‐CGA) completed. Pearson's or Spearman's correlation was used to determine correlation between BRS, FI‐CGA and covariates. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine associations between resilience, frailty and covariates with functional independence measure gain, length of stay (LOS) > 21 days, mortality and discharge care requirements.ResultsThere was a negative correlation between BRS and premorbid FI‐CGA (r = −0.31, P = 0.03) and admission FI‐CGA (r = −0.26, P = 0.01) and between BRS and Mini‐Mental State Examination score (rho = −0.26, P = 0.02). BRS was not associated with observed outcomes. Premorbid FI‐CGA was associated with inpatient mortality, and greater increase in FI‐CGA during acute stay was associated with greater LOS. All patients who died were frail (FI‐CGA > 0.25).ConclusionResilience and frailty were inversely related. Frailty was an independent predictor of rehabilitation LOS and mortality.
Neonatal cortical perceptions of maternal breast odours: A fNIRS study
Authors: Frie Jakob , Bartocci Marco , Kuhn Pierre 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThe aim was to determine whether preterm and full‐term newborn infants could process maternal breast odour at a cortical level.MethodsNewborn infants were exposed to cloths containing their own mother's breast odour and freshly laundered control cloths for 10 seconds, while functional near‐infrared spectroscopy measured cortical activation in their olfactory processing areas. We studied 45 newborn infants born at 28‐41 weeks of gestation and divided them into three groups: full‐term (37‐41 weeks), late preterm (33‐36 weeks) and very preterm (28‐32 weeks). Cortical activation was defined as a regional increase of oxyhaemoglobin following maternal breast odour stimuli.ResultsFull‐term infants demonstrated bilateral activation of their olfactory cortices following exposure to maternal breast odour. Late preterm infants and very preterm boys exhibited unilateral cortical activation, unlike very preterm girls.ConclusionInfants born from 32 weeks, and possibly earlier, could process low concentration maternal odours at a cortical level, which suggests they were more aware of their environment. These findings could make a significant contribution to improving the sensory environment of preterm infants and improve bonding.
South Korea's Automotive Labour Regime, Hyundai Motors’ Global Production Network and Trade‐Based Integration with the European Union
Authors: Campling Liam , Harrison James , Richardson Ben , Smith Adrian , Barbu Mirela 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article explores the interrelationship between global production networks (GPNs) and free trade agreements (FTAs) in the South Korean auto industry and its employment relations. It focuses on the production network of the Hyundai Motor Group (HMG) — the third biggest automobile manufacturer in the world — and the FTA between the EU and South Korea. This was the first of the EU's ‘new generation’ FTAs, which among other things contained provisions designed to protect and promote labour standards. The article's argument is twofold. First, that HMG's production network and Korea's political economy (of which HMG is a crucial part) limited the possibilities for the FTA's labour provisions to take effect. Second, that the commercial provisions in this same FTA simultaneously eroded HMG's domestic market and corporate profitability, leading to adverse consequences for auto workers in the more insecure and low‐paid jobs. In making this argument, the article advances a multi‐scalar conceptualization of the labour regime as an analytical intermediary between GPNs and FTAs. It also provides one of the first empirical studies of the EU–South Korea FTA in terms of employment relations, drawing on 105 interviews with trade unions, employer associations, automobile companies and state officials across both parties.
Important components of a programme for children with medical complexity: An Australian perspective
Authors: D'Aprano Anita , Gibb Susie , Riess Suzi , Cooper Monica , Mountford Nicki , Meehan Elaine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren with medical complexity (CMC) have high care needs, often unmet by traditional healthcare models. In response to this need, the Complex Care Service (CCS) at The Royal Children's Hospital (RCH), Melbourne was created. Although preliminary parent satisfaction data were available, we lacked knowledge of how the various components of the expanded service were valued and contributed to overall caregiver satisfaction.AimThe aims of this study were to (a) determine what caregivers value most about the CCS and (b) explore caregiver perceptions of care.MethodsAll caregivers of children enrolled in the RCH CCS in April 2017 were invited to participate. A purposefully designed survey explored caregiver perceptions of care, including patient quality of care; the extent to which the CCS components added value and satisfaction; and frequency of contact. Participants were also invited to answer open‐ended questions and provide general comments.ResultsResponses were received from 53 families (51%). We found that 24‐hr phone advice, coordination of appointments, a key contact, and access to timely information were the most important components of the service. More than 90% of caregivers indicated that they were satisfied with care and that the CCS improved their child's quality of care. Coordination, communication, family‐centred care, quality care, and access were emergent themes within comments.ConclusionThis study provides important information regarding the design and operation of services for CMC throughout Australia and further afield. Our findings highlight the importance of the key contact and family‐centred care. This has implications for practice, as maintaining service quality, as the CCS expands and is implemented more widely, is a major sustainability challenge. It is crucial that we have a detailed understanding of what elements are required to support effective care coordination, to achieve successful implementation on a larger scale.
Family‐centred care in early intervention: Examining caregiver perceptions of family‐centred care and early intervention service use intensity
Authors: McManus Beth M. , Murphy Natalie J. , Richardson Zachary , Khetani Mary A. , Schenkman Margaret , Morrato Elaine H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundFamily‐centred care (FCC) is an approach to paediatric rehabilitation service delivery endorsing shared decision making and effective communication with families. There is great need to understand how early intervention (EI) programmes implement these processes, how EI caregivers perceive them, and how they relate to EI service use. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine (a) parent and provider perceptions about EI FCC processes and (b) the association between FCC perceptions and EI service intensity.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, parent perceptions of EI FCC were measured using the electronically administered Measures of Processes of Care (MPOC‐56 and MPOC‐SP; using 7‐point scales). Participants included EI parents (n = 29) and providers (n = 9) from one urban EI programme (1/1/18–6/1/18). We linked survey responses with child characteristics and service use ascertained through EI records. We estimated parent–provider MPOC score correlations and the association between EI service intensity (hr/month) and parent MPOC scores using adjusted linear regression accounting for child characteristics.ResultsParents (M = 4.2, SD = 1.1) and providers (M = 5.8, SD = 1.3) reported low involvement related to general information exchange. Parent and provider subscale scores were not correlated except that parent‐reported receipt of specific information was inversely associated with provider‐reported provision of general information (r = −0.4, P < .05). In adjusted models, parent perceptions related to respectful and supportive (b = 1.57, SE = 0.56) and enabling (b = 1.42, SE = 0.67) care were positively associated with EI intensity, whereas specific information exchange and general information exchange were not associated with intensity.ConclusionWe found that EI parents and providers reported high levels of investment in the family centredness of their EI care, with the exception of information sharing. Greater EI service intensity was associated with higher perception of involvement with some metrics of family centredness.
The role of theories in interventions targeting preteens with Type 1 diabetes: A critical literature review
Authors: Pals Regitze Anne Saurbrey , Skinner Timothy , Velasco Elena Rey , Grabowski Dan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundTheory‐based interventions have been recommended to target relevant issues and improve outcomes in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, the timing of interventions has been recognized as key to improving outcomes, suggesting a need to focus on preteens (9–12 years old) with Type 1 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to identify the theories that inform interventions targeting preteens with Type 1 diabetes and to analyse the studies for their understandings of theory.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review of intervention studies targeting preteens with Type 1 diabetes to identify the theoretical frameworks applied. Seven databases across different scientific disciplines were searched for papers published between 1995 and 2018.ResultsTwenty‐four studies were included in the review. Of these, 14 were categorized as theory‐inspired and 10 as theory‐related studies. Social cognitive theory appeared most frequently. Most studies did not provide a rationale for their choice and application of theory to inform interventions. The studies were characterized by use of adult‐centric theories and a focus on the relationships between children and their parents.ConclusionsThe present review shows variations and limitations in the description and application of theories across interventions targeting preteens with Type 1 diabetes. This emphasizes the need for future studies to address for what reason and how a certain theory or method is applied. We suggest that interventions might benefit from using theories that are centred on the needs and experiences of children, target family dynamics that include all important family members, and address the mutually constitutive relationship between interventions and the social context in which they are implemented.
Statistical matching for conservation science
Authors: Schleicher Judith , Eklund Johanna , D. Barnes Megan , Geldmann Jonas , Oldekop Johan A. , Jones Julia P. G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe awareness of the need for robust impact evaluations in conservation is growing and statistical matching techniques are increasingly being used to assess the impacts of conservation interventions. Used appropriately matching approaches are powerful tools, but they also pose potential pitfalls. We outlined important considerations and best practice when using matching in conservation science. We identified 3 steps in a matching analysis. First, develop a clear theory of change to inform selection of treatment and controls and that accounts for real‐world complexities and potential spillover effects. Second, select the appropriate covariates and matching approach. Third, assess the quality of the matching by carrying out a series of checks. The second and third steps can be repeated and should be finalized before outcomes are explored. Future conservation impact evaluations could be improved by increased planning of evaluations alongside the intervention, better integration of qualitative methods, considering spillover effects at larger spatial scales, and more publication of preanalysis plans. Implementing these improvements will require more serious engagement of conservation scientists, practitioners, and funders to mainstream robust impact evaluations into conservation. We hope this article will improve the quality of evaluations and help direct future research to continue to improve the approaches on offer.
Does preoperative enteral nutrition reduce the incidence of surgical complications in patients with Crohn’s disease? A case‐matched study
Authors: Yamamoto T. , Nakahigashi M. , Shimoyama T. , Umegae S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimCurrently, the notion that preoperative optimization with enteral nutrition (EN) reduces the incidence of complication after surgery in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients is being debated. This case‐matched study was to evaluate the impact of preoperative EN on surgical outcomes in patients with CD.MethodTwenty‐four patients received EN therapy with an elemental diet (1800–2400 kcal/day) for at least 2 weeks before the planned surgery (EN group). A further 24 patients who underwent surgery without receiving preoperative EN or parenteral nutrition formed a control group based on four matched criteria: age (≤/>40 years), the use of preoperative medications (corticosteroids/azathioprine/biologics), disease behaviour (inflammatory/stricturing/penetrating) and main surgical procedure (ileal resection/ileocolonic resection/colectomy). The incidence of complications observed within 30 days after surgery was compared between the two groups. Septic complications were defined as anastomotic leak, intra‐abdominal abscess, entero‐cutaneous fistula or wound infection.ResultsIn the EN group, the median serum albumin level significantly increased, while C‐reactive protein (CRP) significantly decreased during the preoperative EN (albumin, from 3.0 mg/dl to 3.1 mg/dl, P = 0.04; CRP, from 3.05 mg/dl to 2.52 mg/dl, P = 0.02). The incidence of postoperative septic complications was significantly lower in the EN group compared with the control group (4% vs 25%, P = 0.04). The occurrence rate of overall complications was lower in the EN group (21% vs 29%, P = 0.51), but not statistically significant.ConclusionIn patients with CD, preoperative optimization with EN reduced the overall rate of postoperative complications and significantly decreased postoperative septic complications.
Glycated haemoglobin as a screening test for abnormal glucose homeostasis in childhood obesity
Authors: Kumbhojkar A. , Saraff V. , Nightingale P. , Högler W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo estimate the proportion of type 2 diabetes mellitus and abnormal glucose homeostasis in childhood obesity and assess the predictive role of HbA1c as a diagnostic marker compared with oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT).MethodsA retrospective study in a tertiary paediatric hospital. Data were collected on all overweight or obese children who underwent routine OGTT between 2012 and 2016. Ethnicity, anthropometry, comorbidities and other risk factors associated with diabetes were recorded systematically. Fasting venous glucose, insulin and HbA1c values, along with 120‐min venous glucose were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to derive optimum thresholds of HbA1c for detection of type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Predictive HbA1c thresholds for the detection of abnormal glucose homeostasis in children with obesity were calculated.ResultsOf 156 children, 13 (8%, 10 female, 10 Asian) had type 2 diabetes, 95 (61%) had normal glucose tolerance, 18 (12%) had isolated IFG, 19 (12%) had isolated IGT, and another 11 (7%) had both IFG and IGT. The proportion of abnormal glucose homeostasis was 39%. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that HbA1c ≥ 42 mmol/mol (6.0%) predicted type 2 diabetes (specificity 95%, sensitivity 85%) but performed moderately for IFG (specificity 46%, sensitivity 78%) and IGT (specificity 78%, sensitivity 55%).ConclusionDespite HbA1c being a less‐sensitive diagnostic tool compared with OGTT for children with IFG and IGT, it is reliable in detecting type 2 diabetes in asymptomatic children with obesity, instead of the labour‐ and cost‐intensive OGTT.
Impact of mixed cryoglobulinemia on patients with spontaneous hepatitis C virus clearance: A 13‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Kuan‐Chieh , Cheng Ya‐Ting , Lin Cheng‐Yu , Kuo Chia‐Jung , Chien Rong‐Nan , Yeh Chau‐Ting , Chang Ming‐Ling 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence and associations of mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) in patients with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain elusive.Materials and methodsA 13‐year prospective cohort study of patients with spontaneous HCV clearance was conducted in a tertiary care centre. Baseline characteristics, incident cardiovascular and neurologic events and cancers were analysed.ResultsOf 104 consecutive patients (mean age: 54.08 years old; females: 71 [68%]), 37 (34.6%) had MC and 6 (5.8%) had cirrhosis. MC (+) patients were more female (86% vs 58%, P = .002), had higher rate of cirrhosis (14% vs 1.5%, P = .012), higher levels of Immunoglobulin G (IgG; P = .001), IgM (P = .002) and fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) (P = .004), but lower levels of complement C4 (P = .034) than the MC (−) patients. Female gender (95% confidence interval [CI] of odds ratio: 1.402‐26.715), levels of IgG (1.000‐1.004), IgM (1.009‐1.037) and FIB‐4 (1.217‐3.966) were independently associated with MC. Baseline rheumatoid factor (RF) levels were independently associated with incident cancer (95% CI hazard ratio [HR]: 1.001‐1.030 [HR: 1.015], P = .039). With a cut‐off value of 11.3 IU/mL, RF levels significantly predicted incident cancer (area under curve: 0.865, P = .002). No different cumulative incidences of cardiovascular and neurologic events, cancers or mortalities were identified between MC (+) and MC (−) patient.ConclusionsApproximately 1/3 of patients with spontaneous HCV clearance yielded MC, which harboured similar characteristics of MC in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Despite the negligible role of MC in the prognosis of patients with spontaneous HCV clearance, the connection between RF and incident cancer demands further investigation.
The influence of the volumetric composition of the intracranial space on neural activity in healthy subjects: a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance study
Authors: Porcu Michele , Wintermark Max , Suri Jasjit S. , Saba Luca 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBrain atrophy is a condition observed both with healthy aging and in association with neurologic pathological conditions. We investigated the role of the volumetric composition of the intracranial space (VOCICS) in terms of relative brain volume (BV%) and relative cerebrospinal fluid volume (CSFV%) on the neural activity measured by resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI). We performed a group rs‐fMRI analysis of a dataset of 192 healthy subjects derived by the publicly available Functional Connectome Project. Automatic volumetric analysis of structural data was performed in order to obtain BV% and CSFV% for every subject. Two fractional Amplitude of Low‐Frequency Fluctuations (fALFF) and two region of interest‐to‐region of interest (ROI‐to‐ROI) analyses were then performed using BV% and CSFV% as second‐level covariates, adopting a multiple regression statistic test in order to evaluate the effects of BV% and CSFV% on brain networks. The analyses revealed that VOCICS broadly influences brain networks. In conclusion, VOCICS significantly influences brain activity measured by rs‐fMRI, and this parameter could represent an easy marker of brain connectivity in healthy young subjects.
A new pest on soybean in Turkey: Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
Authors: Özgür O. , Bademci M. , Büyüköztürk H. D. 
Published: November 2019

Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner (Hemiptera: Agromyzidae) is known as a pest of several leguminous plants, especially Glycine max, soybean, in several countries worldwide. As a result of an alert raised by soybean producers in the province of Adana, which has a large share of soybean production in Turkey, plant samples in which pupae were observed were collected from two soybean fields in Çukurova in the production season in 2018. The samples were kept in the laboratory and the emerging adults were identified morphologically as M. sojae. Observations made in soybean fields in Turkey are presented. A review of the situation for this pest and its control methods are is presented. This is the first report of M. sojae in Turkey. It is therefore recommended to perform a close monitoring of this pest to investigate more in detail the extent of the damage caused by this pest in soybean crops in Turkey, to identify its variety preferences, other other hosts, natural enemies and control methods to be used.
Oral health‐related quality of life and associated factors among older people in short‐term care
Authors: Koistinen Susanne , Olai Lena , Ståhlnacke Katri , Fält Anna , Ehrenberg Anna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesIt is well known that oral health status is associated with oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in the general population. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse OHRQoL among older people in short‐term care and its associated factors.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 391 older people in 36 short‐term care units. Data were collected via clinical oral assessments, questions about self‐perceived oral and general health, Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living (Katz‐ADL) and the Revised Oral Assessment Guide (ROAG). OHRQoL was measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14). Multivariate logistic regression models were applied in the analysis.ResultsPoor OHRQoL was reported by 34% of the older people. Associated factors were swallowing problems according to ROAG; quite poor/poor self‐perceived physical, psychological and oral health; and being a woman.ConclusionsThere is an association between OHRQoL and older people's self‐perceived health according to the OHIP‐14. This indicates the importance of early detection of oral health problems in frail older people and to assess both oral health and swallowing problems among older people in short‐term care.
Formation of malondialdehyde, 4‐hydroxy‐hexenal and 4‐hydroxy‐nonenal during deep‐frying of potato sticks and chicken breast meat in vegetable oils
Authors: Ma Lukai , Liu Guoqin , Cheng Weiwei , Liu Xinqi , Liu Huifan , Wang Qin , Mao Guoxing , Cai Xintong , Brennan Charles , Brennan Margaret A. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe present work investigated the formation of three toxic aldehydes, malondialdehyde (MDA), 4‐hydroxy‐hexenal (HHE) and 4‐hydroxy‐nonenal (HNE), during deep‐frying of different foods in corn oil (CO), rapeseed oil (RO) and linseed oil (LO). Besides, their contents in French fries (FF) and fried chicken breast meat (FCBM) were also explored. Results showed that the MDA/HHE/HNE levels in frying groups were all lower than those in control, indicating the incorporation into the fried foods. Apart from the different levels, MDA/HHE/HNE in FF and FCBM possessed similar variation tendencies, revealing the matrix‐mediated distribution. The combined exposure assessment based on the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) levels was conducted, and risks of exceeding the limitation values (1.5 μg kg bw−1 day−1) for HNE in CO and HHE in LO were exhibited. The consumption of both FF and FCBM should be regulated, considering the levels of MDA, HHE and HNE these fried foods may contain.