bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of dust destruction and dust growth in the evolution of the interstellar medium
Authors: Osman Omima , Bekki Kenji , Cortese Luca 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We use Milky Way-like chemodynamical simulations with a new treatment for dust destruction and growth to investigate how these two processes affect the properties of the interstellar medium in galaxies. We focus on the role of two specific parameters, namely fdes (a new parameter that determines the fraction of dust destroyed in a single gas particle vicinity of a supernova) and Cs (the probability that a metal atom or ion sticks to the dust grain after colliding, i.e. the sticking coefficient), in regulating the amount and distribution of dust, cold gas and metals in galaxies. We find that simulated galaxies with low fdes and/or high Cs values not only produce more dust, but they also have a shallower correlation between the dust surface density and the total gas surface density, and a steeper correlation between the dust-to-gas ratio and the metallicity. Only for values of fdes between 0.01 and 0.02, and of Cs between 0.5 and 1 do our simulations produce an average slope of the dust-to-gas ratio versus metallicity relationship that is consistent with observations. fdes values correspond to a total fraction of dust destroyed by a single supernova ranging between 0.42 and 0.44. Finally, we compare predictions of several simulations (with different star formation recipes, gas fractions, central metallicities, and metallicity gradients) with the spatially resolved M101 galaxy, and conclude that metallicity is the primary driver of the spatial distribution of dust, while the dust-to-gas ratio controls the cold gas distribution, as it regulates the atomc-to-molecular hydrogen conversion rate.
Wavefront prediction using artificial neural networks for open-loop adaptive optics
Authors: Liu Xuewen , Morris Tim , Saunter Chris , de Cos Juez Francisco Javier , González-Gutiérrez Carlos , Bardou Lisa 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Latency in the control loop of adaptive optics (AO) systems can severely limit performance. Under the frozen flow hypothesis linear predictive control techniques can overcome this; however, identification and tracking of relevant turbulent parameters (such as wind speeds) is required for such parametric techniques. This can complicate practical implementations and introduce stability issues when encountering variable conditions. Here, we present a non-linear wavefront predictor using a long short-term memory (LSTM) artificial neural network (ANN) that assumes no prior knowledge of the atmosphere and thus requires no user input. The ANN is designed to predict the open-loop wavefront slope measurements of a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SH-WFS) one frame in advance to compensate for a single-frame delay in a simulated 7 × 7 single-conjugate adaptive optics system operating at 150 Hz. We describe how the training regime of the LSTM ANN affects prediction performance and show how the performance of the predictor varies under various guide star magnitudes. We show that the prediction remains stable when both wind speed and direction are varying. We then extend our approach to a more realistic two-frame latency system. AO system performance when using the LSTM predictor is enhanced for all simulated conditions with prediction errors within 19.9–40.0 nm RMS of a latency-free system operating under the same conditions compared to a bandwidth error of 78.3 ± 4.4 nm RMS.
Suppression of luminosity and mass–radius relation of highly magnetized white dwarfs
Authors: Gupta Abhay , Mukhopadhyay Banibrata , Tout Christopher A 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We explore the luminosity L of magnetized white dwarfs and its effect on the mass–radius relation. We self-consistently obtain the interface between the electron degenerate-gas dominated inner core and the outer ideal gas surface layer or envelope by incorporating both the components of gas throughout the model white dwarf. This is obtained by solving the set of magnetostatic equilibrium, photon diffusion, and mass conservation equations in the Newtonian framework, for different sets of luminosity and magnetic field. We appropriately use magnetic opacity, instead of Kramer’s opacity, wherever required. We show that the Chandrasekhar limit is retained, even at high luminosity up to about $10^{-2}\, L_\odot$ but without magnetic field, if the temperature is set constant inside the interface. However, there is an increased mass for large-radius white dwarfs, an effect of photon diffusion. Nevertheless, in the presence of strong magnetic fields, with central strength of about 1014 G, super-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs, with masses of about $1.9\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$, are obtained even when the temperature inside the interface is kept constant. Most interestingly, small-radius magnetic white dwarfs remain super-Chandrasekhar even if their luminosity decreases to as low as about $10^{-20}\, L_{\odot }$. However, their large-radius counterparts in the same mass–radius relation merge with Chandrasekhar’s result at low L. Hence, we argue for the possibility of highly magnetized, low luminous super-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs that, owing to their faintness, can be practically hidden.
Short-term Peginterferon-Induced High Functional Cure Rate in Inactive Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Carriers With Low Surface Antigen Levels
Authors: Zeng Qing-Lei , Yu Zu-Jiang , Shang Jia , Xu Guang-Hua , Sun Chang-Yu , Liu Na , Li Chun-Xia , Lv Jun , Liu Yan-Min , Liang Hong-Xia , Li Zhi-Qin , Pan Ya-Jie , Hu Qiu-Yue , Li Wei , Zhang Da-Wei , Wang Fu-Sheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNone of the current guidelines recommend antiviral therapy for inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers (IHCs).MethodsIn this real-world, multicenter, nonrandomized study, 32 participants meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled 1:1 for treatment with peginterferon α-2b or monitoring without treatment based on participant preference. The expected treatment duration was 48 weeks. The primary end point was hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss. The HBV vaccine could be injected after HBsAg loss.ResultsAll patients had HBsAg levels of &lt;20 IU/mL. The mean baseline HBsAg levels were 6.6 IU/mL and 5.8 IU/mL in the treated and untreated groups, respectively. Fifteen (93.8%) participants achieved HBsAg loss, 5 obtained HBsAg seroconversion after undergoing a mean of 19.7 weeks of therapy in the treated group, and no one in the follow-up group achieved HBsAg loss during a mean follow-up time of 12.6 months (P &lt; .0001). Generally, the therapy was well tolerated. Nine of 11 individuals who exhibited HBsAg loss benefited from receiving the HBV vaccine.ConclusionsThis study provides justification for further studies of short-course peginterferon α-2b for the functional cure of IHCs with low HBsAg levels. Additionally, HBV vaccine injection is beneficial after interferon-induced HBsAg loss.
Association of delayed time in the emergency department with the clinical outcomes for critically ill patients
Authors: Lin S , Ge S , He W , Zeng M 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundPrevious studies have shown the association of waiting time in the emergency department with the prognosis of critically ill patients, but these studies linking the waiting time to clinical outcomes have been inconsistent and limited by small sample size.AimTo determine the relationship between the waiting time in the emergency department and the clinical outcomes for critically ill patients in a large sample population.DesignA retrospective cohort study of 13 634 patients.MethodsWe used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the independent relationships of the in-hospital mortality rate with the delayed time and different groups. Interaction and stratified analysis were conducted to test whether the effect of delayed time differed across various subgroups.ResultsAfter adjustments, the in-hospital mortality in the ≥6 h group increased by 38.1% (OR 1.381, 95% CI 1.221–1.562). Moreover, each delayed hour was associated independently with a 1.0% increase in the risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 1.010, 95% CI 1.008–1.010). In the stratified analysis, intensive care unit (ICU) types, length of hospital stay, length of ICU stay, simplified acute physiology score II and diagnostic category were found to have interactions with ≥6 h group in in-hospital mortality.ConclusionsIn this large retrospective cohort study, every delayed hour was associated with an increase in mortality. Furthermore, clinicians should be cautious of patients diagnosed with sepsis, liver/renal/metabolic diseases, internal hemorrhage and cardiovascular disease, and if conditions permit, they should give priority to transferring to the corresponding ICUs.
Revisiting 35 and 94 GHZ Millimeter Wave Exposure to the Non-Human Primate Eye
Authors: Parker James E. , Beason Charles W. , Sturgeon Stephen P. , Voorhees William B. , Johnson Samuel S. , Nelson Kaitlin S. , Johnson Leland R. , Whitmore Jeffrey N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A previous study reported thermal effects resulting from millimeter wave exposures at 35 and 94 GHz on non-human primates, specifically rhesus monkeys’ (Macaca mulatta) corneas, but the data exhibited large variations in the observed temperatures and uncertainties in the millimeter wave dosimetry. By incorporating improvements in models and dosimetry, a non-human primate experiment was conducted involving corneal exposures that agreed well with a three-layer, one-dimensional, thermodynamic model to predict the expected surface temperature rise. The new data indicated that the originally reported safety margins for eye exposures were underestimated by 41 ± 20% over the power densities explored. As a result, the expected minimal visible lesion thresholds should be raised to 10.6 ± 1.5 and 7.1 ± 1.0 J cm−2 at 35 and 94 GHz, respectively, provided that the power density is less than 6 W cm−2 for subjects that are unable to blink. If the blink reflex was active, a power density threshold of 20 W cm−2 could be used to protect the eye, although the eyelid could be burned if the exposure was long enough.
Acupuncture therapy on postoperative nausea and vomiting in abdominal operation
Authors: Fu Chengwei , Wu Tong , Shu Qing , Song Aiqun , Jiao Yang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground:Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication after surgery. However, drugs cannot prevent it completely, and acupuncture therapy shows the potential in preventing PONV, yet the best choice hasn’t been demonstrated.Objective:This network meta analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different acupuncture therapies used for preventing PONV in abdominal operation.Methods:Authors searched articles from PubMed/Medline, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Ebsco and Ovid/Embase, and established database from setup time to June 2019. Quality evaluation of included studies was performed with Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROB 2.0). Pairwise and network meta analysis were conducted by RevMan and Addis respectively.Results:Twenty studies with 2862 patients were included in this research. Pairwise meta analysis shows that compared with placebo, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation had lower risk of postoperative nausea (PON) (odds ratio (OR) = 0.42, 95%confidence interval (CI): 0.30–0.60), postoperative vomiting (POV) (OR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.36–0.78), PONVs (OR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.31–0.68), and postoperative rescue (POR) (OR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.41–0.90), Capsicum had lower risk of PON (OR = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.09–0.28), PONVs (OR = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.12–0.45), Acupressure had lower risk of POV (OR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.25–0.70), POR (OR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.27–0.64). In network meta analysis, compared with usual care, the probability rank suggested that Acupoint Injection showed lowest risk of PON (OR = 0.02, 95%CI: 0.00–0.11), POV (OR = 0.06, 95%CI: 0.01–0.49), Usual care for PONVs (OR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.13–0.75), and Capsicum for POR (OR = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.07–2.33). Further study should be carried out to verify this result.Conclusion:Both pairwise and network meta analysis showed acupuncture therapy was superior to placebo and usual care. Different acupuncture therapy regimens may have advantages in different aspects. And compared with POV, PON seems easier to control. Research results may provide guidance for the prevention of PONV.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019147556.
Effect of vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy
Authors: Chen Peng , Hao Mei-mei , Zhu Jiang , Yang Zeng-ye 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground:Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is a very tricky disorder, which greatly affects quality of life in such patients. Relevant studies suggested that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has potential benefits for DRE. However, there are inconsistent conclusions. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether VNS is effective and safety for DRE.Methods:To collect comprehensive randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the following electronic databases will be retrieved: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AMED, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from the commencement of each electronic database up to the present with no language restrictions. Two authors will independently carry out all procedures of literature selection, information collection, and risk of bias assessment. Any objections will be worked out by a third author through consultation. The risk of bias for each included trial will be identified using Cochrane risk of bias tool, and statistical analysis will be performed utilizing RevMan 5.3 software.Results:This study will synthesize the data from the present eligible high quality RCTs to assess whether VNS is effective and safety for DRE.Conclusion:This study will provide systematic evidence of VNS for the treatment of patients with DRE.Systematic review registration:INPLASY202040086.
Effect of advanced nursing care on psychological condition in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Lin Yang , Su Zhi-qiang , Yu Shan-shan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
This study will appraise the effect and safety of advanced nursing care (ANC) on psychological condition (PC) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

Methods:
The following databases will be sought from the beginning up to the February 29, 2020: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. There are not language and publication status limitations related to any electronic databases. In addition, we will also identify conference proceedings, reference lists of included studies, and websites of clinical trials registry. Two reviewers will separately carry out study selection, data extraction, and study quality evaluation. Any inconsistencies will be solved by a third reviewer through discussion. RevMan 5.3 software will be utilized to carry out statistical analysis.

Results:
This study will comprehensively summarize all potential evidence to systematically address the effects and safety of ANC on PC in patients with CHF.

Conclusion:
The findings of the present study will help to determine whether ANC is effective or not on PC in patients with CHF.

Study registration number:
INPLASY202040077.
Effect of Tai Chi on psychological disorder in college students
Authors: Jiang Li-Li , Meng Yang , Zhang Qian , Pan Wei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
This study will explore the effect of Tai Chi on psychological disorder (PD) in college students (CS).

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search of relevant randomized controlled trials will be carried out in electronic databases from inception to the February 29, 2020: PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. There are not limitations related to the language and publication time. Study quality will be assessed by Cochrane risk of bias tool, and evidence quality will be appraised by the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation approach. RevMan 5.3 software will be exploited to perform statistical analysis.

Results:
The protocol of this proposed study will investigate the effect of Tai Chi on PD in CS.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study will provide helpful evidence for clinical practice, and health related policy maker to develop a better intervention plan for PD in CS.

Study registration number:
INPLASY202040140.
Effect of cinnamaldehyde on Cav-1 and Survivin expression in epilepsy
Authors: Yu Jia-Nan , Yue Cai-Fang , Wang Ke-Jian , Chi Nan-Nan , Li Xin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
This systematic review aims to assess the effect of cinnamaldehyde on Cav-1 and Survivin expression in epilepsy.

Methods:
We will search Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, WANGFANG, VIP, CBM, and CNKI from their inceptions to the March 31, 2020, without language restrictions. Two authors will independently carry out searching literature records, scanning titles and abstracts, full texts, collecting data, and assessing risk of bias. RevMan 5.3 software will be used for statistical analysis.

Results:
This systematic review will investigate whether cinnamaldehyde is effective on Cav-1 and Survivin expression in epilepsy.

Conclusion:
Its findings will provide helpful evidence for the effect of cinnamaldehyde on Cav-1 and Survivin expression in epilepsy.
Systematic review registration: INPLASY202040152.
Acute compartment syndrome in children; beware of “silent” compartment syndrome
Authors: Frei Benjamin , Sommer-Joergensen Vivienne , Holland-Cunz Stefan , Mayr Johannes 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is a feared complication following traumatic injuries. We describe the occurrence of silent ACS of the hand in a 2-year old patient with atypical symptoms.

Patient concerns:
Our patient experienced massive swelling but minimal pain of the hand after a heavy bistro table with a stone tabletop had fallen on the right hand.

Diagnosis:
After monitoring the development of ACS for 1 night, we noted increased firmness of the swelling and impaired perfusion of the skin covering the palm and dorsum of the hand. Notably, the patient held the hand in an intrinsic minus position but did not complain of pain after administration of only a single (weight-matched) dose of ibuprofen. Our suspicion of ACS was confirmed intraoperatively because of the elevated intramuscular pressure (up to 60 mm Hg) in several hand compartments.

Interventions:
We performed surgical fasciotomy of all hand compartments, followed by temporary coverage of the wounds with Epigard synthetic skin substitute. The wounds were closed stepwise after 2 and 7 days, and occupational therapy was initiated after 3 weeks.

Outcomes:
At the 1-year follow-up, we noted unrestricted wrist and finger functions of the patient. The parents reported that there was no difference in the use of the 2 hands during daily activities.

Lessons:
The possible development of ACS should be borne in mind even in the absence of marked pain. Although the 3 A's (i.e., anxiety, agitation, and increased analgesic requirements) in the diagnosis of ACS in children are well established, some patients may experience only minimal pain. This challenges the correct and timely diagnosis of ACS in children, particularly if they are very young.
The prognostic and diagnostic values of MicroRNA-10b in gastric cancer
Authors: Mei Lina , Lu Zhouxiang , Shen Zhangguo , Xu Sumei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We conducted a study to evaluate the prognostic and diagnostic values of microRNA-10b (miR-10b) in gastric cancer (GC) based on meta-analysis and TCGA database. Relevant studies were searched in English and Chinese database and meta-analysis was conducted on Stata 12.0. The expression value of miR-10b and clinical parameters of GC patients were downloaded from TCGA database, and relevant analyses were conducted on SPSS. High expression of miR-10b was linked with unfavorable overall survival (OS) in GC (HR = 1.572, 95% CI: 1.240–1.992, P < .001). However, the meta-analysis was significant for patients in early stage, but not for patients in advanced stage. The expression of miR-10b-3p was significantly lower in cancer tissue compared with adjacent tissue (P < .001). Meanwhile, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) value was 0.652 (0.562–0.742), P = .001. Disease-free survival analysis showed increasing miR-10b-5p was correlated with worse survival outcome (HR = 2.366, 95% CI: 1.414–3.959, P = .001). In conclusion, miR-10b acts as a tumor suppressor with prognostic and diagnostic values for GC.
Silver acupuncture for myofascitis
Authors: Zhang Guilong , Lin Yanming , Zhou Qun , Gao Liang , Zhang Leixiao , Yu Yang , Shen Yuquan , Huang Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground:This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of silver acupuncture in treatment of myofascitis.Methods:Electronic databases of all silver acupuncture for myofascitis will be searched at PubMed, Cochrane Library, Springer, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Chinese Biological Medical disc from inception to March 31, 2020, with language restricted in Chinese and English. The primary outcome is visual analog scale, a short pain scale with sensitivity and comparability. Secondary outcomes included Clinical Assessment Scale for Cervical Spondylosis, Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores, Oswestry dysfunction index, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society-Ankle Hindfoot scale, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure, The Cumberland ankle instability tool, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, self-rating anxiety scale, self-depression rating scale, and follow-up relapse rate. The systematic review and searches for randomized controlled trials of this therapy for myofascitis. The Cochrane RevMan V5.3 bias assessment tool is implemented to assess bias risk, data integration risk, meta-analysis risk, and subgroup analysis risk (if conditions are met). Mean difference, standard mean deviation, and binary data will be used to represent continuous results.Results:This study will provide a comprehensive review and evaluation of the available evidence for the treatment of myofascitis with this therapy.Conclusion:This study will provide new evidence to evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of silver acupuncture for myofascitis. Due to the data are not personalized, no formal ethical approval is required.Ethics and dissemination:There is no requirement of ethical approval and it will be in print or disseminated by electronic copies.PROSPERO registration number:CRD42020151476