bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of a nonlinear bath: experiments, theory, and a stochastic Prandtl–Tomlinson model
Authors: Müller Boris , Berner Johannes , Bechinger Clemens , Krüger Matthias 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A colloidal particle is a prominent example of a stochastic system, and, if suspended in a simple viscous liquid, very closely resembles the case of an ideal random walker. A variety of new phenomena have been observed when such colloid is suspended in a viscoelastic fluid instead, for example pronounced nonlinear responses when the viscoelastic bath is driven out of equilibrium. Here, using a micron-sized particle in a micellar solution, we investigate in detail, how these nonlinear bath properties leave their fingerprints already in equilibrium measurements, for the cases where the particle is unconfined or trapped in a harmonic potential. We find that the coefficients in an effective linear (generalized) Langevin equation show intriguing inter-dependencies, which can be shown to arise only in nonlinear baths: for example, the friction memory can depend on the external potential that acts only on the colloidal particle (as recently noted in simulations of molecular tracers in water in (2017 Phys. Rev. X
7 041065)), it can depend on the mass of the colloid, or, in an overdamped setting, on its bare diffusivity. These inter-dependencies, caused by so-called fluctuation renormalizations, are seen in an exact small time expansion of the friction memory based on microscopic starting points. Using linear response theory, they can be interpreted in terms of microrheological modes of force-controlled or velocity-controlled driving. The mentioned nonlinear markers are observed in our experiments, which are astonishingly well reproduced by a stochastic Prandtl–Tomlinson model mimicking the nonlinear viscoelastic bath. The pronounced nonlinearities seen in our experiments together with the good understanding in a simple theoretical model make this system a promising candidate for exploration of colloidal motion in nonlinear stochastic environments.
Retracted: Design and fabrication of electrospun SBA-15-incorporated PVA with curcumin: a biomimetic nanoscaffold for skin tissue engineering
Authors: Rathinavel Saranya , Ekambaram Shoba , Korrapati Purna Sai , Sangeetha Dharmalingam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Fabricating and designing a scaffold is a complex and highly challenging process in the current scenario. The present study deals with the design and fabrication of electrospun Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA)-15-incorporated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with curcumin, which can be used as a biomimetic nanoscaffold for skin tissue engineering. Curcumin was selected due to its effective anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. SBA-15 was selected for its characteristic drug-carrying potential. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction characterizations of the fabricated nanofiber demonstrated the interaction of PVA, SBA-15 and curcumin. The scanning electron microscopy results depicted that the nanofiber was highly interconnected with a porous structure mimicking the extracellular matrix. The nanofibrous scaffold showed a higher percentage of cell migration, proliferation, cytocompatibility and biocompatibility with absence of cytotoxicity which was evidenced from the results of MTT assay, cell adhesion and live/dead assay using HaCaT cells. The results of the anti-bacterial test depicted that the synthesized nanofiber forms a potent material for skin wound-healing therapeutics. The in vitro drug release study performed over a period of 80 h revealed a sustained release pattern of curcumin from the SBA-15-incorporated PVA nanofiber. Finally, the in vivo results confirmed that SBA-15-incorporated PVA nanofiber with curcumin showed efficient wound-healing activities.
Aboveground carbon emissions from gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Csillik Ovidiu , Asner Gregory P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the Peruvian Amazon, high biodiversity tropical forest is underlain by gold-enriched subsurface alluvium deposited from the Andes, which has generated a clash between short-term earnings for miners and long-term environmental damage. Tropical forests sequester important amounts of carbon, but deforestation and forest degradation continue to spread in Madre de Dios, releasing carbon to the atmosphere. Updated spatially explicit quantification of aboveground carbon emissions caused by gold mining is needed to further motivate conservation efforts and to understand the effects of illegal mining on greenhouse gases. We used satellite remote sensing, airborne LiDAR, and deep learning models to create high-resolution, spatially explicit estimates of aboveground carbon stocks and emissions from gold mining in 2017 and 2018. For an area of ∼750 000 ha, we found high variations in aboveground carbon density (ACD) with mean ACD of 84.6 (±36.4 standard deviation) Mg C ha−1 and 83.9 (±36.0) Mg C ha−1 for 2017 and 2018, respectively. An alarming 1.12 Tg C of emissions occurred in a single year affecting 23,613 hectares, including in protected zones and their ecological buffers. Our methods and findings are preparatory steps for the creation of an automated, high-resolution forest carbon emission monitoring system that will track near real-time changes and will support actions to reduce the environmental impacts of gold mining and other destructive forest activities.
Detailed quantification of glacier elevation and mass changes in South Georgia
Authors: Farías-Barahona David , Sommer Christian , Sauter Tobias , Bannister Daniel , Seehaus Thorsten C , Malz Philipp , Casassa Gino , Mayewski Paul A , Turton Jenny V , Braun Matthias H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Most glaciers in South America and on the Antarctic Peninsula are retreating and thinning. They are considered strong contributors to global sea level rise. However, there is a lack of glacier mass balance studies in other areas of the Southern Hemisphere, such as the surrounding Antarctic Islands. Here, we present a detailed quantification of the 21st century glacier elevation and mass changes for the entire South Georgia Island using bi-static synthetic aperture radar interferometry between 2000 and 2013. The results suggest a significant mass loss since the beginning of the present century. We calculate an average glacier mass balance of −1.04 ± 0.09 m w.e.a−1 and a mass loss rate of 2.28 ± 0.19 Gt a−1 (2000–2013), contributing 0.006 ± 0.001 mm a−1 to sea-level rise. Additionally, we calculate a subaqueous mass loss of 0.77 ± 0.04 Gt a−1 (2003–2016), with an area change at the marine and lake-terminating glacier fronts of −6.58 ± 0.33 km2 a−1, corresponding to ∼4% of the total glacier area. Overall, we observe negative mass balance rates in South Georgia, with the highest thinning and retreat rates at the large outlet glaciers located at the north-east coast. Although the spaceborne remote sensing dataset analysed in this research is a key contribution to better understanding of the glacier changes in South Georgia, more detailed field measurements, glacier dynamics studies or further long-term analysis with high-resolution regional climate models are required to precisely identify the forcing factors.
Projected near-term changes of temperature extremes in Europe and China under different aerosol emissions
Authors: Luo Feifei , Wilcox Laura , Dong Buwen , Su Qin , Chen Wei , Dunstone Nick , Li Shuanglin , Gao Yongqi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study assesses near-term future changes in temperature extremes over China and Europe in scenarios with two very different anthropogenic aerosol (AA) pathways from 2016 to 2049: a maximum technically feasible aerosol reduction (MTFR), and a current legislation aerosol scenario (CLE), both with greenhouses gas forcing following RCP 4.5. Simulations with a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean model HadGEM3-GC2 show that there is an increase in hot extremes and a decrease in cold extremes relative to the present day (1995–2014) over China and Europe in both scenarios. However, the magnitude of the changes in both hot and cold extremes depends strongly on the AA pathway. The AA reduction in MTFR amplifies the changes in temperature extremes relative to CLE, and accounts for 40% and 30% of the projected changes in temperature extremes relative to present day over China and Europe, respectively. Thus, this study suggests that future and current policy decisions about AA emissions have the potential for a large near-term impact on temperature extremes.
Agriculture is the main driver of deforestation in Tanzania
Authors: Doggart Nike , Morgan-Brown Theron , Lyimo Emmanuel , Mbilinyi Boniface , Meshack Charles K , Sallu Susannah M , Spracklen Dominick V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Reducing deforestation can generate multiple economic, social and ecological benefits by safeguarding the climate and other ecosystem services provided by forests. Understanding the relative contribution of different drivers of deforestation is needed to guide policies seeking to maintain natural forest cover. We assessed 119 randomly selected plots from areas deforested between 2010 and 2017, in Tanzania. Through ground surveys and stakeholder interviews we assessed the proximate deforestation drivers at each point. Crop cultivation was the most commonly observed driver occurring in 89% of plots, compared to livestock grazing (69%) and charcoal (35%). There was evidence of fire in 77% of plots. Most deforestation events involved multiple drivers, with 83% of plots showing signs of two or more drivers. Stakeholder interviews identified agriculture as the primary deforestation driver in 81% of plots, substantially more than charcoal production (12%), timber harvesting (1%) and livestock (1%). Policy-makers in Tanzania have sought to reduce deforestation by reducing demand for charcoal. However, our work demonstrates that agriculture, not charcoal, is the main driver of deforestation in Tanzania. Beyond protected areas, there is no clear policy limiting the conversion of forests to agricultural land. Reducing deforestation in Tanzania requires greater inter-sectoral coordination between the agriculture, livestock, land, energy and forest sectors.
Evaluating current satellite capability to observe diurnal change in nitrogen oxides in preparation for geostationary satellite missions
Authors: Penn Elise , Holloway Tracey 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study characterizes the degree to which current polar-orbiting satellites can evaluate the daytime change in NO2 vertical column density (VCD) in urban, suburban, and rural areas. We examine these issues by considering the diurnal cycle of NO2 over the United States, using the large NO2 monitoring network supported by states, tribes, and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Through this analysis, we identify the potential opportunities and limitations of current space-based NO2 data in capturing diurnal change. Ground-based monitoring data from the US EPA are compared with satellite retrievals of NO2 from the KNMI Tropospheric Emissions Monitoring Internet Service (TEMIS) for two instruments: GOME-2 with a mid-morning overpass, and OMI with an early afternoon overpass. Satellite data show evidence of higher morning NO2 in the vicinity of large urban areas. Both satellites and ground monitors show ∼1.5–2x greater NO2 abundance between morning and afternoon in urban areas. Despite differences in horizontal resolution and overpass time, the two satellite retrievals show similar agreement with ground-based NO2 measurements. When analyzed on a pixel-by-pixel basis, we find evidence for spatial structure in the diurnal change in NO2 between city center and surrounding areas in Southern California. Wider analysis of urban-suburban structure in diurnal NO2 change is hindered by resolution differences in the two satellite instruments, which have the potential to create data artefacts. This study highlights the value of future geostationary instruments to provide comparable satellite retrievals for NO2 over the course of a day, and research needs related to the effective utilization of NO2 satellite data for air quality applications.
Sustainable transformation of the global energy system: Natural gas in focus
Authors: Bessel V V , Koshelev V N , Kutcherov V G , Lopatin A S , Morgunova M O 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The global energy system is experiencing a transformation. An analysis of the dynamics of global energy production and consumption indicates that a paradigm shift is occurring toward more reliable and sustainable energy sources with the dominance of natural gas. Even though the reserves-to-production ratio for hydrocarbons is declining, it is natural gas that can ensure the sustainable development of the energy system to meet the growing energy needs of humankind. Natural gas can also significantly reduce the environmental burden. In the medium term, it will be the main source of energy along a gradual transition to renewable energy. Natural gas can serve as a transition fuel within a broader deployment of hybrid energy technologies. Hybridization—the generation of energy using both fossil fuels and renewable energy sources—is one of the most promising areas of energy system development, contributing to a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In our opinion, hybridization based on natural gas is a “bridge to the future” for the world energy system.
Mathematical model for calculating solar radiation on horizontal and inclined surfaces for the conditions of Yakutsk
Authors: Krivoshein Y O , Tolstykh A V , Tsvetkov N A , Khutornoy A N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to develop a simple calculation technique for solar flux density on horizontal and inclined surfaces to allow estimation of the amount of heat energy entering a hybrid system of solar heat supply at any time. Based on the suggested method corresponding software is developed for defining solar flux on horizontal and inclined surfaces using measurement data of maximum daily solar radiation. Hourly values of total and diffuse solar radiation on horizontal surface are defined, as well as average daily, monthly and annual values of total solar radiation. The obtained calculation results are compared to the existing reference, experimental and calculation data on total solar radiation falling on horizontal surface in the city of Yakutsk. The calculated solar flux values show sufficient consistency with the reference materials and NASA SSE database. The paper provides description of the method for calculating specific solar heat flux on inclined surface with known heat fluxes of direct and diffuse solar radiation falling on horizontal surface.
Intelligent lighting system: Energy management technical measure
Authors: Lyubov V K , Lyubova O A , Elukova J A , Potoshina L E , Kholopova A A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Intelligent lighting System Project is a program at the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov that provides research and analysis within the framework of the NArFU digitization. This paper deals with the implementation of the project as an integrated element of the digitization process at the NArFU. Real-life objects of the NArFU are presented to demonstrate performance of the experiment titled “Smart Campus” that is considered as the partial program of the project. The intelligent lighting system is unwired and it is based on the SunRise on-line service that results in monitoring and controlling energy consumption providing energy saving. In order to perform the measures the energy service contract as a specific form of agreement between the consumer and the energy service company has to be implemented. The contract implementing aiming at operating costs saving by increasing energy efficiency was analyzed and explained in the present paper.
The design of responsible details of an axial piston hydraulic machine improving
Authors: Nikolenko I V , Khomyak Yu M , Zheglova V M. , Kibakov O G , Medvedev S O 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Methods of improving the designs of the most complex details of the axial piston hydraulic machine (APHM), cylinder block (CB) and face distributor (FD) are proposed in order to increase their strength. The possibility of modernization is demonstrated by the example of APHM 210.25 with a CB inclined. For samples of CB material, bronze CuSn12, tests were performed and fatigue curves are constructed. Based on the results of these tests, the endurance limit of the CB is determined using the theory of similarity fatigue fracture. The calculation of the BC by the finite element method showed that maximum stresses arise in its inter-cylinder wall (jumper). With conserved CB dimensions, a decrease in the maximum stress level by 30% is achieved if the axial cylinders are shifted in the peripheral direction by 2 … 3 mm. In the proposed design of the CB the calculated stresses became lower than its endurance limit. For FD an increase in the thickness of its peripheral zone was proposed, which also made it possible to reduce stresses by 12%. As a result, the level of acting stresses turned out to be 5.3% lower than the FD endurance limit. The achieved reduction in stress level for the considered details and an increase in their durability is a factor that growing the environmental safety of APHM.
Operation mode optimization of centrifugal pumps of a water supply system booster pumping station with a reserve tank
Authors: Nikolenko I V , Ryzhakov A N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A technique of the optimal selection of power units and their operation mode in the booster pumping station of the water supply system with a reserve tank is proposed. The optimization mathematical model of pumping station in the form of a non-linear, multi-criteria, partially integral mathematical programming problem is developed. Necessary data for optimization problem definition: the structure of daily water consumption by consumers and resistance of the water-supply system were found on the base of a full-scale experiment results. The adopted approach has provided both mathematical rigor of the problem formulation and solution, and real data recording of consumer behavior and water supply system conditions. The processing of the full-scale experiment data was carried out by statistical methods of analysis of non-stationary random processes. The optimization procedure was realized with the help of genetic algorithm method. Comparison of booster pumping station operation optimal plans on the base of different centrifugal pumps has allowed choosing such a type of pump, that when using it, maximum energy efficiency of the water supply system is achieved and operation of pumping station with minimum number of pumps with maximum possible efficiency is provided. Minimum essential dimensions of a reserve tank, optimal operation speed of the centrifugal pumps are determined.
Investigation of feasibilities of heat pipe using in recuperation systems with heat excess of paper industry enterprises
Authors: Pospelova I , Filatov V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The investigation was aimed to increase the energy efficiency of ventilation systems for the pulp and paper industry with an excess of heat in the technological process. The economic and thermal effect is achieved through the use of heat recovery systems based on the principle of phase transition and heat pipe. The study concluded that it will also help to solve environmental problems of piper industry.
Efficiency of dual hot water systems with the use of solar evacuated tube collectors in the Northern territories
Authors: Krivoshein Y O , Tolstykh A V , Tsvetkov N A , Khutornoy A N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This research is aimed at studying efficiency of using solar energy in dual hot water systems with the use of solar evacuated tube collectors and central heating network in Siberian climatic conditions. The paper includes results of actual implementation of dual hot water systems with solar evacuated tube collectors and water heat up till the required temperature with the help of a gas boiler for 3-storey residential buildings or a central heating network (for “Vasilyok” kindergarten) in Zhatay city district in Yakutia. The research demonstrates that the amount of heat energy produced by solar collectors makes up over 50 % of the total consumption of hot water system of “Vasilyok” kindergarten.
Accumulated ecological damage to the health of workers in the production of vinyl chloride
Authors: Bodienkova G.M. , Timofeeva S S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With prolonged exposure of workers in the production of VC to adverse factors, an increase in immunity stress (over time after 5 years) in healthy workers and an imbalance in the system of pro-anti-inflammatory cytokines in individuals with initial manifestations of neurointoxication with VC were recorded. Reduction in the degree of manifestation of compensatory and protective reactions that do not allow for the full implementation of protective mechanisms under the continuing chronic exposure to VC, contributes to the accumulation of ecological damage to the health of workers. The results obtained necessitate the timely detection of initial functional changes, indicate high informative value of biomarkers (IL-1β, TNFα, INFγ, IL-4, S-100, NF-200, MBP) and the possibility of using them to monitor the degree of manifestation of the pathological process. Identification of the leading immunopathogenetic factors of neurological deficit increase can be the basis for developing a method for predicting the individual risk of developing occupational neurointoxication.
Electronic information model for regulation of solid municipal waste management in the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Authors: Galyautdinov I I , Shchadov G I , Konyukhov V Yu , Tomshin O L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The article provides an analysis of the problem of pollution with solid municipal waste (hereinafter - MSW) and suggests a solution to this problem using the example of the city of Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk Territory. To achieve this goal, the study examined the introduction of an electronic model of the existing territorial scheme. This model can be an effective tool for a new waste management system. The object of the study is the municipal solid waste management system in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The subject is regional regulation in the field of MSW management in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. As a result of the research, the article presents the result of the analysis of the regulatory framework, infrastructure, statistics in the field of solid municipal waste management in Russia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory in particular, identifies problematic issues, which in turn made it possible to develop the necessary additional measures and recommendations that contribute to improving the efficiency of activities in the field of MSW management.
Ensuring safety of labor on the basis of the method “Curve of Badles”
Authors: Serdyuk V S , Kuleshov V V , Kovalkovskaya N O 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The analysis of the safety management method - the Bradley Curve method, as one of the effective tools in improving safety culture in the engineering industry, was carried out. The stages of the “Bradley’s Curve” method are considered: natural instincts, supervision, one’s own consciousness and one team. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of the “Curve Bradley” method. The level of safety culture at the enterprises of the engineering industry has been determined. It has been confirmed that microtraumas are used as indicators (predecessors) when identifying sources of occupational risks. Substantiated the consideration of microtraumas to improve efficiency in the fight against injuries.