bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerable risk of work-related injury and illnesses among seasonal and migrant farm workers in Ethiopia: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gelaye Kasahun Alemu , Debalke Getu , Ayele Tadesse Awoke , Wami Sintayehu Daba , Wolde Hailab Fekadu , Sisay Malede Mequanent , Fetene Destaw , Akalu Temesgen Yihunie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Migrant and seasonal farm workers are at increased risk for occupational fatalities and injuries. However, there is limited evidence about the risk of occupational injury in those who move within the country to take up work in Ethiopia, although in recent years such employment-related geographical mobility is receiving increasing attention. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate work-related injuries, illnesses and the associated risk factors among seasonal and migrant farm workers in Ethiopia.Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study design was employed from October to November 2019 among seasonal and migrant farm workers. The study was carried out in two sites of Amhara regional state, northwest Ethiopia. A cluster sampling technique was used to select 990 study participants. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 20 to identify predictors. The significance level was obtained at 95% CI and p- value ≤ 0.05.Results: In this study, the period prevalence of work-related injury among seasonal and migrant farm workers was 32.5% (95% CI: 29.7, 35.9). Above half (60.9%) of study participants have shown three or more heat-related illness symptoms. Extreme weakness (56.8%), skin rash (45.1%), headache (40.4%), profuse sweating (42.9%) and fatigue (45.1%) were the commonest heat-related symptoms reported by the seasonal and migrant farm workers. Moreover, the prevalence of work-related stress among seasonal and migrant farm workers was 67.6% (95% CI: 64.6, 70.7). Being unemployed before migration (AOR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.91), working for > 8 h/day (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.27), stress (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.88) and thermal discomfort (AOR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.98) were the significant risk factors for work-related injury.Conclusion: In this study, heat-related illness, work-related injury and stress among seasonal and migrant farm workers in northwest Ethiopia remain a major public health problem. Employment history, average working hours and stress were among the risk factors associated with a work-related injury. Hence, provision of ongoing safety training, personal protective equipments, improving working hours and stress management could be given attention to minimize the problem.
PM2.5 exposure on daily cardio-respiratory mortality in Lima, Peru, from 2010 to 2016.
Authors: Tapia Vilma , Steenland Kyle , Vu Bryan , Liu Yang , Vasquez Vanessa , Gonzales Gustavo Francisco 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: There have been no studies of air pollution and mortality in Lima, Peru. We evaluate whether daily environmental PM2.5 exposure is associated to respiratory and cardiovascular mortality in Lima during 2010 to 2016.Methods: We analyzed 86,970 deaths from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Lima from 2010-2016. Estimated daily PM2.5 was assigned based on district of residence. Poisson regression was used to estimate associations between daily district-level PM2.5 exposures and daily counts of deaths. Results: An increase in one interquartile range in PM2.5 (6.2 ug/m3) on the day before was significantly associated with daily all-cause mortality (RR 1.018; CI 95%: 1.005 – 1.032) across all ages and in the age group over 65 (RR 1.034; CI 95%: 1.003 – 1.057) which included 74% of all deaths. We also observed associations with circulatory deaths for all age groups (RR 1.037; CI 95%: 1.005 – 1.069), and those over 65 (RR 1.038; IC 95% 1.001 - 1.077). A borderline significant trend was seen (RR 1.029; IC 95% 0.99 – 1.06; p= 0.06) for respiratory deaths in persons aged over 65. Trends were driven by the highest quintile of exposure.Conclusions: PM2.5 exposure is associated with daily all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in Lima, especially for older people. Our data suggest that the existing limits on air pollution exposure are too high.
A Dynamic Taint Tracking Optimized Fuzz Testing Method based on Multi-modal Sensor Data Fusion
Authors: Li Qianmu , Meng Shunmei , Zhang Hanrui , Liu Yaozong , Shen Haiyuan , Long Huaqiu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The safety of Industrial Internet Control Systems has been a hotspot in the information security. To meet needs of communication, a large variety of proprietary protocols have emerged in the field of industrial control. The protocol field is often trusted in the implementation of industrial control terminal code. If attackers modify the data of these fields using the protocol defect, the operation of the program can be controlled and the entire system will be affected. To cope with such security threats, academia and industry generally adopt fuzzy test methods. However, the current industrial control protocol fuzzy test methods generally have low code coverage, where unified description models are missing and test cases are not targeted. A method of fuzzification processing combined with dynamic multi-modal sensor communication data is proposed. To track the program execution, the dynamic pollution analysis is used to search for the input fields that affect the execution of the conditional branch, and capture the dependencies between the conditional branches to guide the grammar generation of test cases, which can increase the chances of executing deep code. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the validity and code coverage of test cases to a certain extent, and greatly increases the probability of anomaly detection in the protocol implementation
Structured reporting has the potential to reduce reporting times of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry exams
Authors: Kim Su Hwan , Sobez Lara M. , Spiro Judith E. , Curta Adrian , Ceelen Felix , Kampmann Eric , Goepfert Martin , Bodensohn Raphael , Meinel Felix G. , Sommer Wieland H. , Sommer Nora N. , Galiè Franziska 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background In recent years, structured reporting has been shown to be beneficial with regard to report completeness and clinical decision-making as compared to free-text reports (FTR). However, the impact of structured reporting on reporting efficiency has not been thoroughly evaluted yet. The aim of this study was to compare reporting times and report quality of structured reports (SR) to conventional free-text reports of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry exams (DXA). Methods FTRs and SRs of DXA were retrospectively generated by 2 radiology residents and 2 final-year medical students. Time was measured from the first view of the exam until the report was saved. A random sample of DXA reports was selected and sent to 2 referring physicians for further evaluation of report quality. Results A total of 104 DXA reports (both FTRs and SRs) were generated and 48 randomly selected reports were evaluated by referring physicians. Reporting times were shorter for SRs in both radiology residents and medical students with median reporting times of 2.7 min (residents: 2.7, medical students: 2.7) for SRs and 6.1 min (residents: 5.0, medical students: 7.5) for FTRs. Information extraction was perceived to be significantly easier from SRs vs FTRs (P<0.001). SRs were rated to answer the clinical question significantly better than FTRs (P<0.007). Overall report quality was rated significantly higher for SRs compared to FTRs (P<0.001) with 96% of SRs vs 79% of FTRs receiving high or very high-quality ratings. All readers except for one resident preferred structured reporting over free-text reporting and both referring clinicians preferred SRs over FTRs for DXA. Conclusions Template-based structured reporting of DXA might lead to shorter reporting times and increased report quality.
Brief Evidence-Based Interventions for Universal Child Health Services: a restricted evidence assessment of the literature
Authors: Newham James J , McLean Karen , Ginja Samuel , Hurt Lisa , Molloy Carly , Lingam Raghu , Goldfeld Sharon 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Universal child health services (UCHS) provide an important pragmatic platform for the delivery of universal and targeted interventions to support families and optimize child health outcomes. We aimed to identify brief, evidence-based interventions for common health and developmental problems that could be potentially implemented in UCHS.Methods: A restricted evidence assessment (REA) of electronic databases and grey literature was undertaken covering January 2006 to August 2019. Studies were eligible if (i) outcomes related to one or more of four areas: child social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB), infant sleep, home learning environment or parent mental health, (ii) a comparison group was used, (iii) universal or targeted intervention were delivered in non-tertiary settings, (iv) interventions did not last more than 4 sessions, and (v) children were aged between 2 weeks postpartum and 5 years at baseline.Results: Seventeen studies met the eligibility criteria. Of these, three interventions could possibly be implemented at scale within UCHS platforms: (1) a universal child behavioural intervention which did not affect its primary outcome of infant sleep but improved parental mental health, (2) a universal screening programme which improved maternal mental health, and (3) a targeted child behavioural intervention which improved parent-reported infant sleep problems and parental mental health. Key lessons learnt include: (1) Interventions should impart the maximal amount of information within an initial session with future sessions reinforcing key messages, (2) Child SEWB Interventions should see the family as a holistic unit by considering the needs of parents with an emphasis on identification, triage and referral, and (3) Brief interventions may be more acceptable for stigmatized topics, but still entail considerable barriers that deter the most vulnerable.Conclusions: Delivery and evaluation of brief evidence-based interventions from a UCHS could lead to improved maternal and child health outcomes through a more responsive and equitable service. We recommend three interventions that meet our criteria of “best bet” interventions.
Secure Hash Algorithm-3(SHA-3) implementation on Xilinx FPGAs, Suitable for IoT Applications
Authors: Rao Muzaffar , Newe Thomas , Grout Ian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Data integrity is a term used when referring to the accuracy and reliability of data. It ensures that data is not altered during operations, such as transfer, storage, or retrieval. Any changes to the data for example malicious intention, unpredicted hardware failure or human error would results in failure of data integrity. Cryptographic hash functions are generally used for the verification of data integrity. For many Internet of Things (IoT) applications, hardware implementations of cryptographic hash functions are needed to provide near real time data integrity checking. The IoT is a world where billions of objects can sense, share information and communicate over interconnected public or private Internet Protocol (IP) networks. This paper provides an implementation of a newly selected cryptographic hash algorithm called Secure Hash Algorithm – 3 (SHA-3) on Xilinx FPGAs (Spartan, Virtex, Kintex and Artix) and also provides the power analysis of the implemented design. An FPGA is the best leading platform of the modern era in terms of flexibility, reliability and re-configurability. In this implementation the core functionality of SHA-3 is implemented using LUT-6 primitives and then these primitives are instantiated for the complete implementation of SHA-3. The Xilinx Xpower tool is used for power analysis of the implemented design. This implementation can be used with IoT applications to provide near real time data integrity checks.
Monitoring of the lung fluid movement and estimation of lung area using Electrical Impedance Tomography: A Simulation Study
Authors: Chakraborty Deborshi , Chattopadhyay Madhurima 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Patients suffering from the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requires thoracic electrical impedance tomography (EIT) for the monitoring their conditions ranging from dynamic shifting of body fluids to lung aeration right at the bedside. More objectively, EIT-derived numeric parameters would help the physician to evaluate the state of the lung. Thus, here we have performed a Finite Element Method based simulation study for monitoring the condition of lungs and heart of ARDS patients. Therefore, a finite element method (FEM)- model of a human thorax in 3 dimensional platform of FEM Multiphysics software is created and is tested with new ventilation indices regarding their ability to quantitatively describe structural changes in the lung due to the gravitationally dependent lung collapse. Additionally, analysis is made to find the electrode pairs capable of separating the lung and heart activity when a particular amount of constant current is injected through them are also carried out. Finally, a real time of the EIT system using 16 Ag-AgCl electrodes were developed for real time imaging of the human thorax. The data were collected using the adjacent current injection technique and are plotted using FEM Multiphysics software. The reconstructed FEM images using the forward solver of EIT shows the approximate area of the thorax (lungs, heart etc.) under observation.
The use of neuromonitoring in descending and thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery Literature Review
Authors: Fok Matthew , Bashir Mohamad , Kennedy Thomas , Field Mark , Masno Alex 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Without surgical repair thoracic aortic aneurysms are a lethal disease with poor prognosis. An extensive major operation is required to correct an aneurysm that involves the descending or thoracoabdominal aorta. Particular considerations must be made to protection of all abdominal organs, the brain and the spinal cord which are all at risk. Consequently there is a risk that these patients post operatively wake up paraplegic from spinal cord ischaemia due to the nature of the surgery. Certain techniques have evolved that have considerably reduced this risk. Neuromonitoring is a technique that can provide an intraoperative assessment of the integrity of the spinal cord through stimulation of nervous pathways and detection in either peripheral muscles or the brain cortex. In theory this can alert the surgical team to impending spinal cord ischaemia and change the management of this patient to prevent paraplegia. However, there is much ambiguity surrounding its use, with no conclusive evidence to prove this technique effectively reduces the rates of paraplegia. This literature review will assess the current methods of neuromonitoring in thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair.
Time Domain Reflectometry Measurements of Road Basecourse Moisture Content
Authors: Platt Ian G. , Woodhead Ian , Richards Sean , Tan Adrian , Hagedorn Michael , Herrington Phil , Cook Shaun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper describes an empirical transform between the propagation time (tp) data obtained from a non invasive Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) sensor to the percentage moisture content θv within two different road making basecourse aggregate material. Results show that a simple quadratic fit between tp and θv can be given leading to a maximum error in the estimate of 0.55%. It is also shown that the dielectric model underlying each of the basecourses is different enough to warrant the use of a unique quadratic function (i.e. different quadratic coefficients) for each.
A method to determine the parameters of the double layer of a planar interdigital sensor
Authors: Ngo Thanh-Tuan , Shirzadfar Hamidreza , Bourjilat Ayoub , Kourtiche Djilali , Nadi Mustapha 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this work, we present a new method for a planar interdigital transducer to determine the electrical parameters (relative permittivity, capacitance and thickness) of the double layer (DL) on the surface of the electrode loaded by a biological medium. A theoretical approach has been proposed to define these parameters. The CoventorWare software was used to simulate the model design of interdigital transducer. The simulation results show that the method can determine the parameters of double layers of a planar interdigital sensor. These results are consistent with the theoretical analysis.
Microfluidic biosensor for single cell high speed flow impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Claudel J. , Nadi M. , Elmazria O. , Kourtiche D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a micro-biosensor based on Electrical Bio-Impedance Spectroscopy (EBIS), applied to blood cells characterization and diagnosis. This sensor uses microfluidic flow, coupled to EBIS system to perform cell by cell measurements at high flow rate, up to several hundred cells per second. Two devices were realized with different materials, SU_8 resin and polydimethylsyloxane PDMS to structure the microchannel. PDMS device stand higher pressure than SU_8, permitting to improve sensor reliability and the possibility to clean it. Measurements confirm it ability to detect and characterize each cell and particle in less than 1ms during their passage in a microchannel, allowing high speed diagnosis of a large amount of cells. Calibrated particles were used to check the proper functioning of the sensor and the possibility to detect and measure few variation induce by the passage of cells.
An Improved Capacitance-Based Intentionally Imperfect Sensor for Measuring Mechanical Parameters
Authors: Cyril Baby K. , Norbert Schwesinger 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, details of an improved imperfect sensor for measuring mechanical parameters is presented. A PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) membrane filled with randomly distributed conductive balls is the sensing element. The random distribution of the balls make the sensor imperfect and unique, like sensors in nature. Mechanical forces such as pressure, tilt and acceleration deform the membrane. Capacitive electrodes transform the movement of the membrane filled with conductive balls into change in capacitance. As all the conductive balls are randomly distributed, an Interdigitated Electrode (IDE) structure offers less sensitivity. An improved electrode structure is also proposed. The performance of the improved electrode is compared with IDE for pressure, tilt and acceleration. Simulation and test results showed that the improved electrode offers higher sensitivity compared to the IDE. Further more, the improved electrode also improves the directional sensitivity. A ground plane is provided to to reduce the fixed offset capacitance and minimize the effect of noise. The sensor is simple, robust and easy to fabricate.
Theoretical models and simulation of optoelectronic properties of a-Si-H PIN photosensors
Authors: Mohammed Wagah F. , Al-Tikriti Munther N. , Aldabag Alhan M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
this research aims to study and discuss the theoretical models and simulation of optoelectronic properties of a-Si-H PIN photosensors based on Shockley–Read-Hall assumptions. The variation of carrier life time, recombination and generation rates as a function of the intrinsic layer (I-layer) thickness will be simulated using MATLAB program. The effects of intrinsic layer thickness on electrons and holes concentration, collection efficiency and short circuit current density have been studied and analyzed. It has been found that as the thickness increased, the parameters: recombination rate, generation rate, internal electric field, electrons and holes concentration, carriers’ life times, and short circuit current density, were subjected to some variations.
Investigations on the Leakage Effect in Capacitive Sensing
Authors: Schlegl Thomas , Bretterklieber Thomas , Mühlbacher-Karrer Stephan , Zangl Hubert 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the measurement of mutual capacitance between electrodes both the coupling and the leakage effect contribute to the measurement result whereas the leakage mode is dominant in the self capacitance mode. While the coupling effect is mainly defined by the geometry and material distribution close to the electrodes, the root cause or modulation of the leakage effect may be far away from the electrode. It is shown that utilizing both effects may lead to an improvement of an ECT-like scenario reconstruction performance in open environments (e.g. pretouch applications).
On Evolution of CMOS Image Sensors
Authors: Gouveia Luiz Carlos Paiva , Choubey Bhaskar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
CMOS Image Sensors have become the principal technology in majority of digital cameras. They started replacing the film and Charge Coupled Devices in the last decade with the promise of lower cost, lower power requirement, higher integration and the potential of focal plane processing. However, the principal factor behind their success has been the ability to utilise the shrinkage in CMOS technology to make smaller pixels, and thereby have more resolution without increasing the cost. With the market of image sensors exploding courtesy their inte- gration with communication and computation devices, technology developers improved the CMOS processes to have better optical performance. Nevertheless, the promises of focal plane processing as well as on-chip integration have not been fulfilled. The market is still being pushed by the desire of having higher number of pixels and better image quality, however, differentiation is being difficult for any image sensor manufacturer. In the paper, we will explore potential disruptive growth directions for CMOS Image sensors and ways to achieve the same.
Load-Balancing Enhancement by a Mobile Data Collector in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Patooghy Ahmad , Kamarei Meisam , Farajzadeh Ali , Tavakoli Fatemeh , Saeidmanesh Mehdi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Decrease in the time interval between the first node death and the last node death, due to the completion of their energy supply, is the main goal of load-balancing methods in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). This paper proposes a Load-Balancing Enhancement (LBE) method, in WSN. LBE method uses a mobile data collector to data gathering from sensor nodes. The mobile data collector can directly communicate with the base station. Indeed, the mobile data collector acts as an interface between sensor nodes and the base station. LBE method divides WSN to four logical partitions. Then, LBE method directs the mobile data collector to the center of each logical partition of the network with considering the density and the mean residual energy of the desired partition, i.e., the more the partition density and the mean residual energy, the more the obtaining chance of the desired partition. Simulation results that have been implemented with NS-2 software show LBE method achieves load-balancing in energy consumption for all logical partitions. LBE method also balances logical partitions density and it increases the network coverage efficiency.