bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mTOR Inhibitor INK128 Promotes Wound Healing by Regulating MDSCs
Authors: Li Yi , Xu Yujun , Liu Xinghan , Yan Xin , Lin Yue , Tan Qian , Hou Yayi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Skin wounds in diabetic patients are hardly to recover. Accumulating evidence has shown that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are involved in inflammatory-related response. INK128 is a novel mTOR kinase inhibitor in clinical development. However, the exact roles of MDSCs and INK128 in healing wound of diabetic patients are unclear. Methods: Mice models of normal, diabetic, and diabetic+INK128 were constructed. Bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages and RAW264.7 cell line co-cultured with MDSCs, which were induced at different conditions. Flow cytometry, western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Results: Diabetic mice (DM) had a slower recovery rate, thinner epidermal and dermal, and less blood vessels than those of normal mice. MDSCs were abnormally accumulated in DM and mTOR was activated in MDSCs of DM and the cells treat with high glucose. Moreover, mTOR signaling inhibitor INK128 could promote wound healing through reducing the MDSCs. MDSCs function was disordered in DM and high glucose environments, while INK128 could help retrieve their function. Furthermore, high glucose and other factors in DM could promote M-MDSCs differentiation to M1 pro-inflammatory macrophage cells, thus inhibiting wound healing. The differentiation, which was dependent on mTOR signaling, could be reversed by INK128. Conclusion: INK128 is potential to be developed as a clinical strategy to promote wound healing of diabetic patients.
Analysis and Prediction of COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh by using Long short-term memory network (LSTM) and Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)
Authors: Chowdhury Anjir Ahmed , Hasan Khandaker Tabin , Hoque Khadija Kubra Shahjalal 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives: The dangerously contagious virus named \newline SARS-CoV-2 has hit the world hard that has locked downed billion people in their homes for stopping further spread. All the researchers and scientists in various fields are working around the clock to come up with a vaccine and prevention methods to save the world from this invisible pathogen. However, reliable prediction of the epidemic may help contain the contagion until cure becomes available. The machine learning techniques is one of the frontier in predicting the future trend and behavior of this outbreak. Our research is focused on finding a suitable machine learning model that can predict on small dataset with higher accuracy.Methods: In this research, we have used the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and the long short-term memory[LSTM] to foresee the newly infected cases in Bangladesh. We have compared both the results of the experiments and it can be forenamed that LSTM has shown more satisfactory results.Results: Upon study and testing on several models, we have showed that LSTM works better on scenario based model for Bangladesh with MAPE 4.51, RMSE 6.55 and Correlation Coefficient 0.75. Conclusion: This study is expected to shade light on Covid-19 prediction models for researchers working with machine learning techniques and help avoid proven failures specially for small imprecise dataset.
Genetic Disorders With Symptoms Mimicking Rheumatologic Diseases
Authors: Akca Ummusen Kaya , Kiper Pelin Ozlem Simsek , Demir Gizem Urel , Sag Erdal , Atalay Erdal , Utine Gulen Eda , Alikasifoglu Mehmet , Boduroglu Koray , Bilginer Yelda , Özen Seza 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMusculoskeletal symptoms may be due to non-inflammatory causes including genetic disorders. We aimed to examine the final genetic diagnosis in patients who had presented with musculoskeletal complaints to rheumatology department.MethodsPatients presenting to the department of pediatric rheumatology and consulted to the genetic department between January 2015 and May 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. ResultsA total of 60 patients, 19 boys (31.66%), with a mean age 12.46 ± 1.41 years were included in the study. Total consanguinity rate was 25%. The most common (29.5%) cause of referral to the genetic department was the presence of skeletal anomalies (such as camptodactyly, clinodactyly, and short stature) with accompanying joint findings. Approximately one third of the patients (n: 19) were diagnosed and followed up by the genetic department. The diagnoses of patients were as follows; CACP syndrome (n:3), trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (n:1), progressive pseudoromatoid dysplasia (n:2), LIG4 syndrome (n:1), H syndrome (n:1), SPENCD syndrome (n:3), and nonspecific connective tissue disease (n:8).ConclusionsIn the differential diagnosis of patients who are referred to the department of pediatric rheumatology with complaints of the musculoskeletal system, genetic disorders should also be taken into consideration.Clinical Trial Registration: Hacettepe University Ethics Commission (Approval number: GO 19/781)
Functioning of the multilinear lag-cascade flood routing model as a means of transporting pollutants in the river
Authors: Chabokpour Jafar , Chaplot Barkha , Dasineh Mehdi , Ghaderi Amir , Azamathulla Hazi Md 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to use the application of the multilinear lag cascade model as a contaminant transport model through river networks. Monocacy River and Antietam Creek data, which were collected by USGS with different reach lengths and discharge conditions, have been used in the current study. It was found that the multilinear discrete lag-cascade (MDLC) model is capable of reconstructing contaminant breakthrough curves. A complete study was performed to estimate the reach length for use in the accurate simulation, and it was concluded that by assuming a uniform flow through the reach, the length unit should be obtained by applying Pe = 12. Moreover, by using temporal moment matching, explicit relationships for MDLC model parameters (k, n, and τ) and based on conventional advection-dispersion equation (ADE) parameters (D, u, x) were extracted. MDLC parameters of the field breakthrough curves were extracted, and it was found that the increase of Pe number caused an increase in delay time and the number of cascades. However, the residence time was obtained to be fixed. Additionally, by assuming the dispersivity parameter (D/u) is constant, the changes in the MDLC parameters were investigated by velocity variation, and new relationships were proposed to estimate the parameters under different hydraulic conditions. Using presented equations provided in this study for residence time (k), cascade number (n), and delay time (τ), the sensitivity analysis was performed, and it was found that the parameters of velocity (u), dispersion coefficient (D), and velocity (u) have the most important effect in calculation of them, respectively.
The Mechanisms of Action of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Nociceptive and Neuropathic Pathways in Cancer Pain
Authors: Reyes-Long Samuel , Alfaro-Rodríguez Alfonso , Cortes-Altamirano Jose Luis , Lara-Padilla Eleazar , Herrera-Maria Elizabeth , Romero-Morelos Pablo , Salcedo Mauricio , Bandala Cindy 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is widely employed for cosmetic purposes
and in the treatment of certain diseases such as strabismus, hemifacial spasm and focal
dystonia among others. BoNT-A effect mainly acts at the muscular level by inhibiting the release
of acetylcholine at presynaptic levels consequently blocking the action potential in the neuromuscular
junction. Despite the great progress in approval and pharmaceutical usage, improvement in
displacing BoNT-A to other pathologies has remained very limited. Patients under diagnosis of
several types of cancer experience pain in a myriad of ways; it can be experienced as hyperalgesia
or allodynia, and the severity of the pain depends, to some degree, on the place where the tumor is
located. Pain relief in patients diagnosed with cancer is not always optimal, and as the disease progresses,
transition to more aggressive drugs, like opioids is sometimes unavoidable. In recent years
BoNT-A employment in cancer has been explored, as well as an antinociceptive drug; experiments
in neuropathic, inflammatory and acute pain have been carried out in animal models and humans.
Although its mechanism has not been fully known, evidence has shown that BoNT-A inhibits the
secretion of pain mediators (substance P, Glutamate, and calcitonin gene related protein) from the
nerve endings and dorsal root ganglion, impacting directly on the nociceptive transmission through
the anterolateral and trigeminothalamic systems.

Aim:
The study aimed to collect available literature regarding molecular, physiological and neurobiological
evidence of BoNT-A in cancer patients suffering from acute, neuropathic and inflammatory
pain in order to identify possible mechanisms of action in which the BoNT-A could impact
positively in pain treatment.

Conclusion:
BoNT-A could be an important neo-adjuvant and coadjuvant in the treatment of several
types of cancer, to diminish pro-tumor activity and secondary pain.
Withdrawal Notice: Recent Discovery for Inhibitors Targeting in SARS-CoV-2 and Developed anti-NCP
Authors: Faheem Mohd. , Singh Vinay K. 
Published: August 2020

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and editor of the journal Mini Reviews in Medicinal
Chemistry; due to incoherent content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

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Use of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2-Inhibitors (SGLT2-Is) and Risk of Lower Limb Amputation
Authors: Werkman Nikki C.C. , Nielen Johannes T.H. , van den Bergh Joop P.W. , Ejskjaer Niels , Røikjer Johan , Schaper Nicolaas C. , Rossi Bernardette , Klungel Olaf , Vestergaard Peter , de Vries Frank , Driessen Johanna H.M. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Treatment with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2-inhibitors (SGLT2-Is), such as
canagliflozin, has been associated with an increased risk of lower limb amputations (LLAs) in type 2
diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, conflicting results have been reported for different SGLT2-Is and
the underlying mechanism is unclear.

Objective:
To investigate the risk of LLA and diabetic foot ulcer with SGLT2-I use compared to other
anti-diabetic drugs and to explore hypovolemia as a potential underlying mechanism.

Methods:
A cohort study was conducted using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD
(2013-2019). The study population (N=51,847) consisted of T2DM patients over 18 years of age with at least
one prescription of a non-insulin anti-diabetic drug. Concomitant diuretic use and the presence of signs of
hypovolemia were determined to assess the potential underlying mechanism. Cox proportional hazard models
were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for LLA in current SGLT2-I use versus current sulphonylurea
(SU) use. Analyses were adjusted for lifestyle variables, comorbidities, and concomitant drug use.

Results:
Current SGLT2-I use was not associated with an increased risk of LLA compared to current SU
use (fully adjusted HR 0.70; 95% confidence interval 0.38-1.29). Concomitant use of diuretics and the
presence of signs of hypovolemia were not associated with an increased risk of LLA.

Conclusion:
Use of SGLT2-Is, with or without signs of hypovolemia, was not associated with an increased
risk of LLA or DFU versus current SU use. Future studies powered to detect potential differences
between individual SGLT2-Is are required to rule out a canagliflozin-specific effect..
Botanical Therapeutics (Part II): Antimicrobial and In Vitro Anticancer Activity against MCF7 Human Breast Cancer Cells of Chamomile, Parsley and Celery Alcoholic Extracts
Authors: Danciu Corina , Cioanca Oana , Watz (Farcaș) Claudia , Hancianu Monica , Racoviceanu Roxana , Muntean Delia , Zupko Istvan , Oprean Camelia , Tatu Calin , Paunescu Virgil , Proks Maria , Diaconeasa Zorita , Soica Codruta , Pinzaru Iulia , Dehelean Cristina 
Published: August 2020

Background:
This study was designed as a continuation of a complex investigation about the phytochemical
composition and biological activity of chamomile, parsley, and celery extracts against A375 human
melanoma and dendritic cells.

Objective:
The main aim was the evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of selected extracts as well as the in
vitro anticancer activity against MCF7 human breast cancer cells.

Methods:
In order to complete the picture regarding the phytochemical composition, molecular fingerprint was
sketched out by the help of FTIR spectroscopy. The activity of two enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase)
after incubation with the three extracts was spectrophotometrically assessed. The antimicrobial
potential was evaluated by disk diffusion method. The in vitro anticancer potential against MCF7 human breast
cancer cells was appraised by MTT, LDH, wound healing, cell cycle, DAPI, Annexin-V-PI assays.

Results:
The results showed variations between the investigated extracts in terms of inhibitory activity against
enzymes, such as acetyl- and butyrilcholinesterase. Chamomile and parsley extracts were active only against
tested Gram-positive cocci, while all tested extracts displayed antifungal effects. Among the screened samples at
the highest tested concentration, namely 60μg/mL, parsley was the most active extract in terms of reducing the
viability of MCF7 - human breast adenocarcinoma cell line and inducing the release of lactate dehydrogenase.
On the other hand, chamomile and celery extracts manifested potent anti-migratory effects. Furthermore, celery
extract was the most active in terms of total apoptotic events, while chamomile extract induced the highest necrosis
rate.

Conclusion:
The screened samples containing phytochemicals belonging in majority to the class of flavonoids
and polyphenols can represent candidates for antimicrobial and anticancer agents.
Revised Lewis Bending Stress Capacity Model
Authors: Osakue Edward. E. , Anetor Lucky 
Published: August 2020

Background:
During operation, cylindrical gearset experiences tangential, radial, and axial (helical gears only) force components that induce bending, compressive, and shear stresses at the root area of the gear tooth. Accurate estimation of the effective bending stress at the gear root is a challenge. Lewis was the first person who attempted estimating the root bending stress of spur gears with some reasonable accuracy. Various gear standards and codes in use today are modifications and improvements of the Lewis model.

Objective:
This research aims at revising the Lewis model by making adjustments for dynamic loads, shear stresses, axial bending stress for helical gears, and stress concentration factor that is independent on the moment arm of tangential or axial force component.

Methods:
An analytical approach is used in formulating a modified formula for the root bending stress in cylindrical gears starting with the original Lewis model. Intermediate expressions are developed in the process and works from many previous authors are reviewed and summarized. The new model developed is used to estimate the root bending stress in four example gearsets of 0o to 41.41o helix angle and the results are compared with those of AGMA (American Gear Manufacturers Association) formula.

Results:
Analysis from the examples shows that neglecting the radial compressive stress over-estimated the root bending stress by 5.27% on average. When shear stresses are ignored, the root bending stress is under-estimated by 7.49% on average. It is important, therefore, to account for both compressive and shear stresses in cylindrical gear root bending stress. When the root bending stress estimates from the revised Lewis model were compared with AGMA results, deviations in the range of -4.86% to 26.61% were observed. The stress estimates from the revised Lewis formulae were mostly higher than those of AGMA.

Conclusion:

The new root bending stress model uses stress concentration factors (normal and shear) that are independent of the point of load application on the gear tooth. This decoupling of stress concentration factor from the load moment arm distinguishes the new model from AGMA formula and brings bending stress analysis in gear design in line with classical bending stress analysis of straight and curved beams. The model can be used for both normal contact ratio and high contact ratio cylindrical gears.
Organocatalyzed Heterocyclic Transformations In Green Media: A Review
Authors: Demirbas Neslihan , Demirbas Ahmet 
Published: August 2020

Background:Since the discovery of metal-free catalysts or organocatalysts about twenty years ago, a number of small molecules with different structures have been used to accelerate organic transformations. With the development of environmental awareness, to obtain highly efficient scaffolds, scientists have directed their studies towards synthetic methodologies that minimize or preferably eliminate the formation of waste, avoid toxic solvents and reagents and use renewable starting materials as far as possible.Methods:In this connection, the organocatalytic reactions providing efficiency and selectivity for most of the transformations have become an endless topic in organic chemistry since several advantages from both practical and environmental standpoints. Organocatalysts contributing to the transformation of reactants into products with the least possible waste production, have been serving the concept of green chemistry.Results and Conclusion:Organocatalysts have been classified based on their binding capacity to the substrate with covalent or noncovalent interactions involving hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. Diverse types of small organic compounds including proline and its derivatives, phase-transfer catalysts, (thio)urease, phosphoric acids, sulfones, N-oxides, guanidines, cinchona derivatives, aminoindanol, and amino acids have been utilized as hydrogen bonding organocatalysts in different chemical transformations.
Challenges in Acceptance and Compliance in Digital Health Assessments During Pregnancy: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Brusniak Katharina , Arndt Hannah Maria , Feisst Manuel , Haßdenteufel Kathrin , Matthies Lina Maria , Deutsch Thomas Maximilian , Hudalla Hannes , Abele Harald , Wallwiener Markus , Wallwiener Stephanie 
Published: August 2020

Background
Pregnant women are increasingly using mobile apps to access health information during the antenatal period. Therefore, digital health solutions can potentially be used as monitoring instruments during pregnancy. However, a main factor of success is high user engagement.

Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze engagement and factors influencing compliance in a longitudinal study targeting pregnant women using a digital health app with self-tracking.

Methods
Digitally collected data concerning demographics, medical history, technical aspects, and mental health from 585 pregnant women were analyzed. Patients filling out ≥80% of items at every study visit were considered to be highly compliant. Factors associated with high compliance were identified using logistic regression. The effect of a change in mental and physical well-being on compliance was assessed using a one-sample t test.

Results
Only 25% of patients could be considered compliant. Overall, 63% left at least one visit blank. Influential variables for higher engagement included higher education, higher income, private health insurance, nonsmoking, and German origin. There was no relationship between a change in the number of physical complaints or depressive symptoms and study dropout.

Conclusions
Maintaining high engagement with digital monitoring devices over a long time remains challenging. As cultural and socioeconomic background factors had the strongest influence, more effort needs to be directed toward understanding the needs of patients from different demographic backgrounds to ensure high-quality care for all patients. More studies need to report on compliance to disclose potential demographic bias.
EKSEKUSI NAFKAH PERCERAIAN DI PENGADILAN AGAMA KOTA MALANG
Authors: Widyakso Rendra 
Published: August 2020

This article aims to answer to important questions in legal studies that how to implement the legal execution of earning the expenses caused by divorce based on Indonesian law? And, how do the perspective of Islamic legal schools deal with the execution? There are numbers of scholarly journals studying this specific issue. However, the preliminary study that specifically focuses on the Legal Verdict of the Religious Court of Malang No. 0957/Pdt.G/2014/PA.MLG is offered by this article. It finds that legally, the judge has authority to order the ex-husband to pay the expences of the divorce compensation (mut’ah), financial responsibility due to divorce (iddah) and financial claim (madiyah) and financial childcare (hadhanah) before the divorce pledge is pronounced. If the expences cannot be paid, the ex-wife has right to purpose the legal execution to the court. Due to the purpose the chief of justice is responsible for and has authority to remind the ex-husband (aanmaning) and doing the legal execution if he disrespectly avoided the court’s order. The concept of legal expenses due to divorce is ruled by the fiqh of Islamic legal schools, in spite of the fact that the details of execution remain no any explanation. This article argues that the execution has been done referring to the law. It purposes to fulfil justice, expediency and rule of law. Furthermore, these purposes are the beginning step in order to achieve the public order (mashlahah) and the higher objective of Islamic law (maqashid al-syari’ah).