bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Printing of a Biocompatible Double Network Elastomer with Digital Control of Mechanical Properties
Authors: Wang Pengrui , Berry David B. , Song Zhaoqiang , Kiratitanaporn Wisarut , Schimelman Jacob , Moran Amy , He Frank , Xi Brian , Cai Shengqiang , Chen Shaochen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe majority of 3D‐printed biodegradable biomaterials are brittle, limiting their application to compliant tissues. Poly(glycerol sebacate) acrylate (PGSA) is a synthetic biocompatible elastomer and compatible with light‐based 3D printing. In this article, digital‐light‐processing (DLP)‐based 3D printing is employed to create a complex PGSA network structure. Nature‐inspired double network (DN) structures consisting of interconnected segments with different mechanical properties are printed from the same material in a single shot. Such capability has not been demonstrated by any other fabrication techniques so far. The biocompatibility of PGSA is confirmed via cell‐viability analysis. Furthermore, a finite‐element analysis (FEA) model is used to predict the failure of the DN structure under uniaxial tension. FEA confirms that the DN structure absorbs 100% more energy before rupture by using the soft segments as sacrificial elements while the hard segments retain structural integrity. Using the FEA‐informed design, a new DN structure is printed and tensile test results agree with the simulation. This article demonstrates how geometrically‐optimized material design can be easily and rapidly constructed by DLP‐based 3D printing, where well‐defined patterns of different stiffnesses can be simultaneously formed using the same elastic biomaterial, and overall mechanical properties can be specifically optimized for different biomedical applications.
Asymmetric Lattice Disorder Induced at Oxide Interfaces
Authors: Spurgeon Steven R. , Kaspar Tiffany C. , Shutthanandan Vaithiyalingam , Gigax Jonathan , Shao Lin , Sassi Michel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractControl of order–disorder phase transitions is a fundamental materials science challenge, underpinning the development of energy storage technologies such as solid oxide fuel cells and batteries, ultra‐high temperature ceramics, and durable nuclear waste forms. At present, the development of promising complex oxides for these applications is hindered by a poor understanding of how interfaces affect lattice disordering processes and defect transport. Here, the evolution of local disorder in ion‐irradiated La2Ti2O7/SrTiO3 thin film heterostructures is explored using a combination of high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, position‐averaged convergent beam electron diffraction, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and ab initio simulations. Highly non‐uniform lattice disordering driven by asymmetric oxygen vacancy formation across the interface is observed. Theory calculations indicate that this asymmetry results from differences in the polyhedral connectivity and vacancy formation energies of the two interface components, suggesting ways to manipulate lattice disorder in functional oxide heterostructures.
Combined Infection Control and Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation Capacity on Additive Manufactured Ti‐6Al‐4V are Mediated via Titania Nanotube Delivery of Novel Biofilm Inhibitors
Authors: Li Jun , Mutreja Isha , Hooper Gary J. , Clinch Keith , Lim Khoon , Evans Gary , Woodfield TimB.F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) of titanium alloys offers the capacity to fabricate patient‐specific implants with defined porous architecture to enhance bone‐implant fixation. However, clinical challenges associated with orthopedic implants include inconsistent osseointegration and biofilm‐associated peri‐implant infection, leading to implant failure. Here, a strategy is developed to reduce infection and promote osteogenesis simultaneously on AM Ti‐6Al‐4V implants by delivering biofilm inhibitor molecules via titania nanotube surface modification. Electrochemical anodization is performed on polished and as‐manufactured Ti‐6Al‐4V to generate nanotubes, which are utilized for delivery of a novel methylthioadenosine nucleosidase inhibitor (MTANi) that targets MTAN—a key enzyme in bacterial metabolism involved in biofilm formation—thereby offering biofilm inhibition capacity combined with surface nano‐topography for promoting osteogenesis. Clinical isolates ofstaphylococcus cohniiformed firm biofilms on polished and AM Ti‐6Al‐4V controls whereas modified implants loaded with MTANi inhibit biofilm formation. Anodized AM Ti‐6Al‐4V nanotube substrates enhance alkaline phosphatase production, bone‐specific protein expression (osteocalcin, collagen I) and mineral deposition of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), compared to as‐manufactured controls. Importantly, no detrimental effects on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation are observed for MTANi‐loaded substrates. Application of novel MTANi and electrochemical anodization offers a promising strategy for titanium alloy implant surface modification.
Soil and terrain properties that predict differences in local ideal seeding rate for soybean
Authors: Matcham Emma G. , Hamman William P. , Hawkins Elizabeth M. , Fulton John P. , Subburayalu Sakthi , Lindsey Laura E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe agronomic optimum seeding rate (AOSR) of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varies based on environment. Understanding where AOSR varies within a field is useful for farmers utilizing variable rate seeding technology. An AOSR representing an area smaller than a whole field is referred to as local ideal seeding rate (LISR). The objective of this study was to identify soil and terrain properties that were most predictive of differences in LISR. Seeding rate trials were established at four fields in 2017 and three fields in 2018. Yield data were used to estimate LISR 33–68 times per field. Soil properties were estimated at the same scale as LISR using 0.2‐ha grid samples and terrain properties were calculated from 0.76‐m digital elevation model developed using light detection and ranging data. Random forest analysis was performed to identify which soil and terrain properties were predictive of LISR within each site‐year. At all site‐years, terrain properties were generally more predictive of LISR compared to soil properties. Valley depth and general curvature were in the top‐five most predictive properties at four of seven site‐years. Moving from the lowest valley to the highest ridge was associated with an increase in LISR of 76,000 seeds ha−1. Moving from the lowest relative slope position to the highest relative slope position was associated with a 38,000 seeds ha−1 increase in LISR. Terrain properties may be appealing to farmers because they relate to LISR, are publicly available data, and stable over time.
Minimum optimal seeding rate for indeterminate soybean cultivars grown in the tropics
Authors: Ferreira André S. , Zucareli Claudemir , Werner Flávia , Fonseca Inês C. de B. , Balbinot Junior Alvadi A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe minimum optimal seeding rate in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is the least seeds required to achieve optimal yield. This is a function of the crop phenotypic plasticity in response to plant density. However, the effect of seeding rate reduction on the seed composition and yield of cultivars with contrasting branching potentials needs to be better elucidated. The objectives were to evaluate the impacts of reducing the seeding rate on production and to quantify the minimum optimal seeding rate for seed, oil, and protein yield in soybean cultivars with contrasting plant architectures. The field experiment was conducted for two growing seasons in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme in a randomized complete block design with five replications. The treatments consisted of five seeding rates (100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% of the recommended seeding rate) and two indeterminate cultivars (BRS 1010IPRO and NS 5959IPRO). Both cultivars showed a minimum optimal seeding rate below the recommended rate. Pods per m2 and the number of seeds per pod were the yield components responsible for the compensatory effect in response to lowering the seeding rate. Thousand seed weight was the main yield component responsible for yield loss below the minimum optimal seeding rate. Both cultivars showed high branch yield in response to seeding rate reduction. BRS 1010IPRO has a higher potential for seeding rate reduction than NS 5959IPRO. The minimum optimal seeding rate for seed yield in NS 5959IPRO led to lower protein yield and higher oil yield.
Arduino‐based slider setup for gas–liquid mass transfer investigations: Experiments and CFD simulations
Authors: Krieger Waldemar , Bayraktar Evren , Mierka Otto , Kaiser Lutz , Dinter Robin , Hennekes Julian , Turek Stefan , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe implementation of traditional sensors is a drawback when investigating mass transfer phenomena within microstructured devices, since they disturb the flow and reactor characteristics. An Arduino based slider setup is developed, which is equipped with a computer‐vision system to track gas–liquid slug flow. This setup is combined with an optical analytical method allowing to compare experimental results against CFD simulations and investigate the entire lifetime of a single liquid slug with high spatial and temporal resolution. Volumetric mass transfer coefficients are measured and compared with data from literature and the mass transfer contribution of the liquid film is discussed.
Machine learning based position‐rendering algorithms for radioactive particle tracking experimentation
Authors: Yadav Ashutosh , Gaurav Tuntun Kumar , Pant Harish J. , Roy Shantanu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRadioactive particle tracking (RPT) is one of the most widely used non‐intrusive velocimetry technique for multiphase reactors. The large volume of interrogation and the presence of internals limit the application of RPT in large‐scale real‐world systems. The main challenge lies in having fast reconstruction algorithms applicable to conventional (i.e., bubble columns, fluidized beds, etc.) as well as new vessels. In this contribution, a reconstruction methodology is proposed based on machine learning. Three machine‐learning algorithms, namely, artificial neural network (ANN), support vector regression (SVR), and relevance vector regression (RVR), have been employed for RPT reconstruction. The results show that the position reconstruction accuracy of SVR was best for all cases and that the accuracy of RVR was comparable to SVR for large training datasets. Whereas, in terms of reconstruction speed, RVR outperforms SVR significantly, owing to sparser RVR model. SVR and RVR based reconstruction algorithms expedite the position reconstruction.
Getting started in paediatric emergency medicine point‐of‐care ultrasound: Five fundamental applications
Authors: Snelling Peter James 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPoint‐of‐care ultrasound is a valuable tool in the Paediatric Emergency Medicine department. It can be utilised at the patient bedside to augment the physical examination, improving clinical accuracy. Alternatively, it can safeguard needle guided procedures and improve their success rate. It allows real‐time information to be gathered without exposing the child to ionising radiation. This article outlines five fundamental applications and how it can be incorporated into clinical practice.
Abnormal Ionic Conductivities in Halide NaBi3O4Cl2 Induced by Absorbing Water and a Derived Oxhydryl Group
Authors: Sun Jianguo , Sun Qiaomei , Plewa Anna , Wang Yumei , He Linchun , Zheng Feng , Chen Chao , Zajac Wojciech , Molenda Janina , Zeng Kaiyang , Lu Li 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn hunting for safe and cost‐effective materials for post‐Li‐ion energy storage, the design and synthesis of high‐performance solid electrolytes (SEs) for all‐solid‐state batteries are bottlenecks. Many issues associated with chemical stability during processing and storage and use of the SEs in ambient conditions need to be addressed. Now, the effect of water as well as oxyhdryl group (.OH) on NaBi3O4Cl2 are investigated by evaluating ionic conductivity. The presence of water and .OH results in an increase in ionic conductivity of NaBi3O4Cl2 owing to diffusion of H2O into NaBi3O4Cl2, partially forming binding .OH through oxygen vacancy repairing. Ab initio calculations reveal that the electrons significantly accumulate around .OH and induce a more negative charge center, which can promote Na+ hopping. This finding is fundamental for understanding the essential role of H2O in halide‐based SEs and provides possible roles in designing water‐insensitive SEs through control of defects.
Magnetothermal Microfluidic‐Assisted Hierarchical Microfibers for Ultrahigh‐Energy‐Density Supercapacitors
Authors: Qiu Hui , Cheng Hengyang , Meng Jinku , Wu Guan , Chen Su 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChemical architectures with an ordered porous backbone and high charge transfer are significant for fiber‐shaped supercapacitors (FSCs). However, owing to the sluggish ion kinetic diffusion and storage in compacted fibers, achieving high energy density remains a challenge. An innovative magnetothermal microfluidic method is now proposed to design hierarchical carbon polyhedrons/holey graphene (CP/HG) core–shell microfibers. Owing to highly magnetothermal etching and microfluidic reactions, the CP/HG fibers maintain an open inner‐linked ionic pathway, large specific surface area, and moderate nitrogen active site, facilitating more rapid ionic dynamic transportation and accommodation. The CP/HG FSCs show an ultrahigh energy density (335.8 μWh cm−2) and large areal capacitance (2760 mF cm−2). A self‐powered endurance application with the integration of chip‐based FSCs is designed to profoundly drive the durable motions of an electric car and walking robot.
Surface‐Regulated Rhodium–Antimony Nanorods for Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Zhang Nan , Li Leigang , Wang Juan , Hu Zhiwei , Shao Qi , Xiao Xiangheng , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSurface regulation is an effective strategy to improve the performance of catalysts, but it has been rarely demonstrated for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to date. Now, surface‐rough Rh2Sb nanorod (RNR) and surface‐smooth Rh2Sb NR (SNR) were selectively created, and their performance for NRR was investigated. The high‐index‐facet bounded Rh2Sb RNRs/C exhibit a high NH3 yield rate of 228.85±12.96 μg h−1 mg−1Rh at −0.45 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), outperforming the Rh2Sb SNRs/C (63.07±4.45 μg h−1 mg−1Rh) and Rh nanoparticles/C (22.82±1.49 μg h−1 mg−1Rh), owing to the enhanced adsorption and activation of N2 on high‐index facets. Rh2Sb RNRs/C also show durable stability with negligible activity decay after 10 h of successive electrolysis. The present work demonstrates that surface regulation plays an important role in promoting NRR activity and provides a new strategy for creating efficient NRR electrocatalysts.
Primary Anion–π Catalysis of Epoxide‐Opening Ether Cyclization into Rings of Different Sizes: Access to New Reactivity
Authors: Paraja Miguel , Matile Stefan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe concept of anion–π catalysis focuses on the stabilization of anionic transition states on aromatic π surfaces. Recently, we demonstrated the occurrence of epoxide‐opening ether cyclizations on aromatic π surfaces. Although the reaction proceeded through unconventional mechanisms, the obtained products are the same as those from conventional Brønsted acid catalysis, and in agreement with the Baldwin selectivity rules. Different mechanisms, however, should ultimately lead to new products, a promise anion–π catalysis has been reluctant to live up to. Herein, we report non‐trivial reactions that work with anion–π catalysis, but not with Brønsted acids, under comparable conditions. Namely, we show that the anion–π templated autocatalysis and epoxide opening with alcoholate–π interactions can provide access to unconventional ring chemistry. For smaller rings, anion–π catalysis affords anti‐Baldwin oxolanes, 2‐oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes, and the expansion of Baldwin oxetanes by methyl migration. For larger rings, anion–π templated autocatalysis is thought to alleviate the entropic penalty of folding to enable disfavored anti‐Baldwin cyclizations into oxepanes and oxocanes.
Recycling of rigid polyurethane foam: Micro‐milled powder used as active filler in polyurethane adhesives
Authors: Beran Rudolf , Zarybnicka Lucie , Machova Dita 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRigid polyurethane (PUR) foams are widely used as heat insulation material in construction industry or for electronic appliances manufacturing. After finishing their life‐time, it is necessary to eliminate foam wastes. The aim of this study was to prepare a pair of industrial PUR adhesives of medium viscosity containing recycled rigid PUR foam. Three methods of milling were tested: knife‐milling, two‐roll milling, and ball‐milling. Only two‐roll milling gives the PUR micro‐powder usable for following adhesives modification. The micro‐powder was used as passive filler in PUR adhesives and potential reactivity for polyol pack replacement was studied. Hydroxyl and amine numbers were determined in mixture with virgin polyol. One‐component PUR prepolymer adhesive was prepared using various dosages of the micro powder and the tensile strength of bound wood was measured. As additional parameters, also free film adhesive mechanical parameters were tested and particle size distribution of the micro powder was analyzed. Two adhesive formulations were prepared for independent evaluation of the micro powder reactivity. The results showed growing of the mechanical strength of wood bonding with growing dosage of the micro powder.
Evaluation of cure characteristic, physico‐mechanical, and dielectric properties of calcium copper titanate filled acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber composites: Effect of calcium copper titanate loading
Authors: Luangchuang Piyawadee , Chueangchayaphan Narong , Sulaiman Muhammad Azwadi , Chueangchayaphan Wannarat 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCalcium copper titanate (CCTO) has been synthesized by high temperature solid‐state reaction from calcium carbonate, copper (II) oxide, and titanium dioxide as the starting materials. The formation and morphology of CCTO were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transformed infrared spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and particle size analysis. In order to develop flexible dielectric materials, acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR)‐based composites were prepared with CCTO content varied from 0 to 120 phr (parts per hundred rubber). The cure characteristics of composites were assessed. High‐dielectric constant CCTO particles were blended into NBR to make composites with improved dielectric constant. Results showed that the NBR/CCTO composites had a high dielectric constant (10–20) with low dielectric loss (<0.4) and low conductivity (<10−3μS/cm) at frequencies up to 106Hz. However, the higher CCTO loadings had agglomeration in the NBR matrix, and thus tensile strength and elongation at break sharply deteriorated due to poor rubber‐filler interactions. The results showed lower storage modulusE′ and a reduction inTgwith the incorporation of CCTO in NBR matrix. Moreover, improved thermal stability of the NBR/CCTO composites was achieved. SEM was used to observe the dispersion of CCTO particles in NBR matrix.
The teratogenic effects of sertraline in mice
Authors: Cabrera Robert M. , Linda Lin Ying , Law Elizabeth , Kim Jimi , Wlodarczyk Bogdan J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which include paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), fluoxetine (Prozac), citalopram (Celexa), and escitalopram (Lexapro), are the most common antidepressants prescribed to pregnant women. There is considerable debate in the literature regarding the developmental toxicities of SSRIs individually, and as a class.MethodsIt is considered unethical to perform developmental toxicity studies on pregnant women, but rodent and nonrodent species provide laboratory‐controlled experimental models to examine the toxicity of SSRI exposure during pregnancy. The Embryo‐Fetal Developmental Toxicity Study was conducted with sertraline in mice, Crl:CD1 (lCR), during the period of organogenesis.ResultsIncreased resorption rates, lower fetal weight, and increased percentage of fetuses with visceral and skeletal abnormalities were found in the intermediate and high sertraline dose groups. In addition to incomplete ossification of treated animals, eleven sertraline exposed fetuses, two in group 2 (5 mg/kg), five in group 3 (25 mg/kg), and four in group 4 (60 mg/kg), had cleft palate (CP). This malformation was not observed in any controls. Only the highest dose of sertraline was found to be maternally toxic, as evidenced by significantly lower weight gain during pregnancy.ConclusionThese data indicate that in utero exposure to sertraline at 25 and 60 mg/kg was embryotoxic, teratogenic, and fetotoxic in mice. The incidence of CP observed in groups 3 and 4 (2.99% and 2.5%, respectively) were higher than the maximum range value noted in historical controls and indicate sertraline is a teratogen in ICR mice.
Brain Ventricular System and Cerebrospinal Fluid Development and Function: Light at the End of the Tube
Authors: Fame Ryann M. , Cortés‐Campos Christian , Sive Hazel L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe brain ventricular system is a series of connected cavities, filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), that forms within the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS). The hollow neural tube is a hallmark of the chordate CNS, and a closed neural tube is essential for normal development. Development and function of the ventricular system is examined, emphasizing three interdigitating components that form a functional system: ventricle walls, CSF fluid properties, and activity of CSF constituent factors. The cellular lining of the ventricle both can produce and is responsive to CSF. Fluid properties and conserved CSF components contribute to normal CNS development. Anomalies of the CSF/ventricular system serve as diagnostics and may cause CNS disorders, further highlighting their importance. This review focuses on the evolution and development of the brain ventricular system, associated function, and connected pathologies. It is geared as an introduction for scholars with little background in the field.
Modeling different behaviors in disclosing risk perception
Authors: Colombi Roberto , Giordano Sabrina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn many fields, people are requested to express their level of awareness about some risk (mainly associated with health, environment, energy, etc.) by selecting a category in an ordered scale. We propose a model for such ordinal data by taking into account that the observed response does not necessarily reflect the respondent's true opinion since the final answer can be inaccurate or completely random. The proposed model hypothesizes three behaviors in the process of answering: accurate interviewees express their risk perception exactly, uncertain ones randomly select the response according to the uniform distribution, and inaccurate interviewees make evaluation errors but with high probability they choose a rating close to the true one. Statistical inference for the proposed models is addressed without assuming that the model, to be fitted, is correctly specified. Two real case studies on the awareness of geo‐hydrological risk and work‐related stress risk are considered using the proposed methodology.