bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Campus Connections: Student and Course Networks in Higher Education
Authors: Israel Uriah , Koester Benjamin P. , McKay Timothy A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResidential higher education brings thousands of students together for multiple years and offers them an array of shared intellectual experiences and a network of social interactions. Many of these intellectual and social connections are formed during courses. Students are connected to students through courses they take together, and courses are connected to one another by students who take both. These courses and the students who take them form a bipartite network that encodes information about campus structures and student experiences. Because all institutions of higher education collect and maintain precise records of what courses students take, it is possible to assemble a student-course network that quantitatively describes the interactions among students and courses. We provide an example that demonstrates the identification of courses effective at creating unique connections among students and reveals how students and majors can be strongly connected or dispersed. We show how social network analysis can be used to improve our understanding of the learning environment at the University of Michigan, and we hope that this kind of analysis is of interest to persons at other institutions.
Thermal analysis of synovial fluids in different stages of osteoarthritis and after bacterial infections
Authors: Dandé Árpád , Kocsis Béla , Lőrinczy Dénes 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe analysis of synovial fluid is an important method in diagnosing and handling septic arthritis. To achieve a quick diagnosis could be a great advantage in the therapy. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) proved to be a useful technique in the differential diagnosis of tumors using blood plasma or sera. The aim of this paper is to show up some characteristic thermal parameters in the diagnosis of different grades of arthritis, which are in good agreement with the severity of disease checked by conventional X-ray supported grading. To follow the effect of different bacterial strains, the synovial fluids were inoculated by three types of bacterial strains (with 103–105 CFU mL−1 concentrations) at 37 °C and stored trough 24 h. After that, they were denatured in 20–90 °C temperature range with 0.3 K min−1 scanning rate. The change in the maximum denaturation temperature (Tm) and calorimetric enthalpy (∆H) monitored the severity of sepsis and depended on the type of bacteria. The proliferation characteristics of bacteria should be strain specific. The synovial fluid samples inoculated with the most frequently occurring bacteria were monitored in isotherm mode (isoperibol calorimeter) at 37 °C up to the end of the proliferation. The isoperibolic scans clearly demonstrated specific, concentration-dependent representative curves in case of each bacterium (duration of proliferation, maximum of proliferation rates, etc.). Therefore, thermal analysis of human synovial fluid samples by DSC or isoperibolic calorimetry could be a useful tool in the staging of osteoarthritis and the diagnostics of septic arthritis.
Understanding the gender gap in immigrant entrepreneurship: a multi-country study of immigrants’ embeddedness in economic, social, and institutional contexts
Authors: Brieger Steven A. , Gielnik Michael M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGiven the rising rate of migration across the globe, immigrant entrepreneurship is more than ever a topic of high theoretical and practical relevance. Immigrant entrepreneurship can offer host societies a win-win situation, generating incomes for immigrant entrepreneurs and contributing to knowledge transfer, innovativeness, and economic growth within the host economy. However, studies reveal that immigrant entrepreneurship is primarily male dominated and our understanding of the drivers and contextual factors that explain the gender gap is limited. Based on the mixed embeddedness approach, this multi-country study investigates the effects of immigrants’ embeddedness in supportive economic, social, and institutional environmental conditions on the gender gap in immigrant entrepreneurship. Our key findings are threefold: First, the results confirm that a gender gap in immigrant entrepreneurship exists. Female immigrants, compared with their male counterparts, are less likely to start and run their own business. Second, the results reveal that female immigrant entrepreneurship is encouraged by a supportive entrepreneurial environment, showing that policy can enhance female immigrant entrepreneurship through supportive conditions. Third, we find the same pattern of results for forced immigrants and opposite results for natives, suggesting that entrepreneurship is a “Plan A” employment strategy for (forced) female immigrants, whereas it is only a “Plan B” employment strategy for female natives.
Negligible senescence in naked mole rats may be a consequence of well-maintained splicing regulation
Authors: Lee B. P. , Smith M. , Buffenstein R. , Harries L. W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNaked mole-rats (NMRs) have amongst the longest lifespans relative to body size of any known, non-volant mammalian species. They also display an enhanced stress resistance phenotype, negligible senescence and very rarely are they burdened with chronic age-related diseases. Alternative splicing (AS) dysregulation is emerging as a potential driver of senescence and ageing. We hypothesised that the expression of splicing factors, important regulators of patterns of AS, may differ in NMRs when compared to other species with relatively shorter lifespans. We designed assays specific to NMR splicing regulatory factors and also to a panel of pre-selected brain-expressed genes known to demonstrate senescence-related alterations in AS in other species, and measured age-related changes in the transcript expression levels of these using embryonic and neonatal developmental stages through to extreme old age in NMR brain samples. We also compared splicing factor expression in both young mouse and NMR spleen and brain samples. Both NMR tissues showed approximately double the expression levels observed in tissues from similarly sized mice. Furthermore, contrary to observations in other species, following a brief period of labile expression in early life stages, adult NMR splicing factors and patterns of AS for functionally relevant brain genes remained remarkably stable for at least two decades. These findings are consistent with a model whereby the conservation of splicing regulation and stable patterns of AS may contribute to better molecular stress responses and the avoidance of senescence in NMRs, contributing to their exceptional lifespan and prolonged healthspan.
Field and CFD Study of Fuel Distribution in Pulverized Fuel (PF) Boilers
Authors: Ciukaj Szymon , Hernik Bartłomiej 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe article presents both field and CFD results of a new concept of a mechanical pulverized fuel (PF) distributor. The goal of the study was to improve the pulverized coal-air mixture separation in PF boilers where the fuel preparation and feeding system was operated in a combined coal and biomass grinding conditions. The numerical analysis was preceded after a field study, where measurements were carried out in a pulverized coal-fired (PC) boiler equipped with a technology of NOx reduction by means of primary methods. Proper distribution of a pulverized coal-air mixture to the individual burners is one of the fundamental tasks of the combustion systems where the primary methods are implemented to control the NOx emission. Problems maintaining the proper distribution of fuel to the burners related primarily to the boilers where the coal and biomass co-grinding is used. Changing the load of coal-mills and fuel type at the same time (i.e., different types of biomass) could result in less effective separation of pulverized fuel particles in PF distributors. Selection of an appropriate construction of a distributor will allow the better control of the combustion process which results in decreased NOx emission while keeping the proper combustion efficiency, i.e., less unburned carbon (UBC) in the fly ash. The results of the field measurements made it possible to create a CFD distribution base model, which was used for the analysis of a new splitter construction to be used in a PF distributor. Subsequent analysis of the numerical splitter enables precise analysis of its construction, including the efficiency of separation and the prediction of conveying of the coal and biomass particles.
Generating Substantially Complete Landslide Inventory using Multiple Data Sources: A Case Study in Northwest Himalayas, India
Authors: Ghosh T. , Bhowmik S. , Jaiswal P. , Ghosh S. , Kumar D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Landslide inventory contains basic information about landslides such as location, classification, morphometry, volume, run-out distance, activity, date of occurrence, damages caused etc. In most landslide inventory maps only spatio-temporal distribution of slope failures is shown. A complete portrayal of landslide inventory, both in number of landslides mapped and associated attributes such as morphometry, classification etc. is a must as it has bearing on the estimation of landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk. Despite of its enormous importance, landslide inventory is rarely found to be complete. This can be attributed to limited availability of requisite data and the inherent uncertainties in landslide inventory mapping from different sources and importantly the insufficient field inputs. In the present work in the Mandakini valley of Uttarakhand Himalayas attempts have been made to prepare a substantially complete landslide inventory, both in terms of number of landslides and attributes, using multifarious data sources substantiated with thorough field checks. Supplementary historical data sources along with the conventional data sources have been used to prepare the inventory. The approach followed includes pre-field mapping of landslides from different Earth Observation (EO) data followed by interpretation of archival records and detailed field surveys. The data available for the period 1962 to 2013 were used to build up the inventory database in GIS. A total of 644 landslides have been mapped and attributed using conventional EO data and also the different supplementary data sources for an area covering 400 sq. km. An inventory of 151 landslides prepared from EO data have been confirmed and updated during the field study. Finally, the detailed landslide inventory prepared during the course of this study was analysed to understand the behaviour of landslides and role of triggering factors in susceptibility mapping and the geo-environmental conditions governing the magnitude of the event.
Pedogenesis and Mineralogy of Alluvial Soils from Semi-arid Southeastern Part of Rajasthan in Aravalli Range, India
Authors: Sharma R. P. , Raja P. , Bhaskar B. P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Three representative alluvial soils were studied from Kothari river basin of Bhilwara district in southeast Rajasthan to assess degree of chemical weathering and pedogenesis. Morphological, geochemical, mineralogical and other analytical investigations were carried out. Soils were classified as Entisols and Inceptisols. These soils are mostly sandy with more than 50% of fine and medium sand fractions, silt to clay ratio more than 0.45 and little textural variation suggesting more uniform weathering. These soils are slight to strongly alkaline with high exchangeable sodium (&gt;15%) and cation exchange capacity less than 10 cmol(+)kg-1. Mineralogical investigations showed the dominance of micas and smectites in Pedon 1 (P1) and Pedon 2 (P2) and increase of smectites and micas in Bw3 horizon of P3 under strong alkalinity and high silica activity with limited lessivage. The low chemical index of alteration (CIA) in soils further indicated an incipient pedogenesis with a relative proportion of mica-smectite composition. The A-CNK-FM diagram shows abundance of CaO + Na2O + K2O as against Fe2O3+ MgO components under limited leaching environment and chemical weathering. The results of bivariate plot of SiO2 to (Al2O3 + K2O + Na2O) indicated the past weathering which influenced by prevailing arid climate in the region.
Prediction of local scour around bridge piers: artificial-intelligence-based modeling versus conventional regression methods
Authors: Abd El-Hady Rady Reda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the use of two artificial intelligence modeling methods, namely genetic programming (GP) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), to predict pier scour depth based on clear water conditions of 320 data sets of laboratory and field data measurements. The scour depth was modeled as a function of five main dimensionless parameters: pier width, approaching flow depth, Froude number, standard deviation of grain size distribution, and channel open ratio. A functional relationship was established using the trained GP model, and its performance was verified by comparing the results with those obtained by the ANFIS model and seven conventional regression-based formulas. Numerical tests indicated that the GP model yielded much superior agreement than the ANFIS model or any other empirical equation. The advantage of the GP model was confirmed by applying the derived GP equation to predict the scour depth around the piers of Imbaba Bridge, Egypt.
Co-spraying of carriers (mannitol-lactose) as a method to improve aerosolization performance of salbutamol sulfate dry powder inhaler
Authors: Ferdynand Mickey Socrates , Nokhodchi Ali 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough in dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations a single carrier is used, a single carrier is not able to provide an excellent aerosolization performance when it is used in DPI formulations. Thereby, the aim of this study was to engineer a suitable ternary mixture of mannitol-lactose-leucine to be used in a DPI formulation with enhanced aerosolization performance. To this end, binary mixtures of mannitol:lactose containing a constant amount of leucine (5% w/w of carriers) were spray-dried as a single solution. Spray-dried samples were blended with salbutamol sulfate to determine the efficiency of their aerosolization performance. Interestingly, note that lactose was in its amorphous state stabilized by the presence of mannitol in the samples. Spray-dried mannitol without lactose showed a combination of the α- and β-polymorphic forms which was the case in all other ratios of mannitol:lactose. It was shown that the highest fine particle fraction (FPF) was 62.42 ± 4.21% which was obtained for the distinct binary mixtures (1:3 mannitol:lactose) compared to a single carrier. This study opens a new window to investigate further the implementation of binary mixtures of sugar carriers containing leucine in DPI formulations to overcome poor aerosolization performance the mentioned DPI formulations.
UFLC-PDA-MS/MS Profiling of Seven Uncaria Species Integrated with Melatonin/5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptors Agonistic Assay
Authors: Zhang Jian-Gang , Huang Xiao-Yan , Ma Yun-Bao , Chen Ji-Jun , Geng Chang-An 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis (Gou-Teng), the dried hook-bearing stems of several Uncaria plants (Rubiaceae), is a well-known herbal medicine in China. The clinical application of Gou-Teng is bewildered for the morphological and chemical similarity between different species. In order to discern their chemical and biological difference, an ultra-fast liquid chromatography equipped with ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UFLC-IT/TOF-MS) combining with melatonin (MT1 and MT2) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT1A and 5-HT2C) receptors agonistic assay in vitro was conducted on seven Uncaria species. As a result, 57 compounds including 35 indole alkaloids, ten flavonoids, five triterpenoids, five chlorogenic analogues, and two other compounds were characterized based on their MS/MS patterns and UV absorptions. Specifically, cadambine-type and corynanthein-type alkaloids were exclusively present in U.rhynchophylla and U.scandens, whereas corynoxine-type alkaloids were commonly detected in all the seven Uncaria plants. Three Uncaria species, U. rhynchophylla, U. macrophylla, and U. yunnanensis showed obviously agnostic activity on four neurotransmitter receptors (MT1, MT2, 5-HT1A, and 5-HT2C). This first-time UFLCMS-IT-TOF analyses integrated with biological assay on seven Uncaria plants will provide scientific viewpoints for the clinical application of Gou-Teng.

Graphic Abstract
Evaluation of the cost of producing wind-generated electricity in Chad
Authors: Soulouknga Marcel Hamda , Oyedepo Sunday Olayinka , Doka Serge Yamigno , Kofane Timoleon Crépin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an economic analysis of the electricity produced by different types of wind turbines selected for Chad. Thus, the data considered for the analysis in this study are the average monthly wind speeds at selected locations, as well as the altitude value. Statistical analysis was performed using the Weibull distribution. The same energy factor allowed determining the Weibull parameters. The results obtained show that the average annual wind speed varies from 1 m/s in Am-Timan to 4.2 m/s in N'Djamena, at a height of 10 m from the ground. Weibull statistical parameters (k and c) were determined at 10, 30, 50, and 70 m. These were obtained by extrapolation using a power law based on Weibull parameters. Three models of wind turbines available on the market were used in this study: Bonus 300 kW/33, Bonus 1 MW/54, and Vestas 2 MW/V80. The performance of these wind turbines was evaluated using the calculation of the capacity factor and the annual energy produced by each type of wind turbine at 12 sites. The PVC (present value) method was used to perform an economic analysis. The lowest cost of wind power generation was obtained with the Vestas 2 MW/V80 model, with a cost per kilowatt-hour (kWh) of approximately $143.08/kWh/year in Moundou and 132343$89/kWh/year in Am-Timan. Therefore, it is recommended the use of a Vestas 2 MW/80 wind turbine in Chad.
Uncertainty Analysis in Life Cycle Assessments Applied to Biorefineries Systems: A Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Lima Richardson Silva , de Azevedo Caldeira-Pires Armando , Cardoso Alexandre Nunes 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present article was to investigate the relationship between uncertainty analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA) in scientific publications that address the application of LCA in biorefineries systems. Uncertainty analysis and its relationship with environmental impact assessment studies, especially those that address the application of LCA, is a research topic that requires attention because of its possible influence on results. A reference base was defined using a systematic approach and bibliometric analysis, with 64 scientific publications extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus® databases, which were analyzed using two computational tools: VOSviewer and SciMAT. This group of publications helped establish the correlation and evolution over the last 10 years of the three key themes: “uncertainty analysis,” “LCA,” and “biorefineries.” The results of bibliometric analysis for the established framework pointed to a close and important relationship among these themes. The results were presented quantitatively and qualitatively, and the latter were visualized using infographics, co-occurrence networks, and strategic keyword diagrams. Although the study confirmed the relevance of uncertainties analysis to support LCA studies, it was identified a secondary role for scientific studies analyzed. The study also presents the analysis and discussions of the main publications found in the scientific literature. Future studies should conduct a more in-depth analysis of advanced knowledge representation and reasoning strategies about uncertainty, such as probabilistic ontologies.
G-Networks and the Performance of ICT with Renewable Energy
Authors: Zhang Yunxiao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs a consequence of developing information and communication technology that is playing a significant role in our society and has changed our life dramatically, we witnessed a significant increase in energy consumption in computer systems and networks. Subsequently, energy harvesting technologies with renewable energy are of great interest in the field of computer systems and networks, and thus lead to abundant research which has been carried out to address energy harvesting from different aspects. However, the majority of them focuses on wireless or small-scale networks, which left wired networks with a general structure neglected. We first present a comprehensive systemic review of the trends of overall energy consumption, and energy and quality of service optimization in computer systems and networks. Then, this paper reviews the recent research progress in G-networks and energy packet networks with renewable and intermittent energy from both the system paradigms and the performance optimization and energy reduction algorithms for the wired networks.
Antidepressant Use During Development May Impair Women's Sexual Desire in Adulthood
Authors: Lorenz Tierney K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Although antidepressants are well known to cause sexual side effects in adults, the long-term effects of antidepressant use during development on adult sexual function is unknown.

Aim
To explore differences in sexual desire and sexual behavior between adults who did vs did not use antidepressants during childhood or adolescence.

Methods
An online survey of 610 young adults (66% women) assessed childhood and current mental health and use of antidepressants and other psychiatric medications before the age of 16 years and currently, partnered and solitary sexual desire, and frequency of masturbation and partnered sexual activity. Antidepressants were coded into either selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or non-SSRI antidepressants.

Main Outcome Measure
Scores on the Sexual Desire Inventory, and self-reported frequency of masturbation and partnered sexual activity.

Results
For women, childhood SSRI use was associated with significantly lower solitary sexual desire, desire for an attractive other, and frequency of masturbation. This was true even when controlling for childhood mental health concerns, current mental health, and current antidepressant use. However, there was no effect of childhood SSRI use on women's partnered sexual desire or partnered sexual activity. There was no significant effect of childhood antidepressant use on men's sexual desire or masturbation. However, in men, childhood use of non-SSRI antidepressants was associated with significantly higher frequency of partnered sexual activity. Childhood use of non-SSRI antidepressants, or nonantidepressant psychiatric medication, was not associated with adult sexual desire or behavior in either women or men.

Clinical Implications
It is possible that SSRI use during childhood interrupts the normal development of sexual reward systems, which may be a risk factor for sexual desire dysfunction in adult women.

Strengths & Limitations
Strengths include a large sample, use of attention checks and validated measures, and careful assessment of childhood mental health history; however, generalizability is limited by a predominantly white, young adult sample. These data are cross-sectional, and therefore, causal explanations for the association between childhood SSRI use and adult sexual well-being should be considered preliminary, warranting replication.

Conclusion
These findings point to a critical need for well-controlled, prospective research on possible long-term effects of antidepressant use, particularly SSRI use, on the development of adult sexual well-being.