bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early-life nutrition interacts with developmental genes to shape the brain and sleep behavior inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Olivares Gonzalo H. , Núñez-Villegas Franco , Candia Noemi , Oróstica Karen , Vega-Macaya Franco , Zúñiga Nolberto , Molina Cristian , Mackay Trudy F. C. , Verdugo Ricardo A. , Olguín Patricio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms by which the genotype interacts with nutrition during development to contribute to the variation of complex behaviors and brain morphology of adults are not well understood. Here we use theDrosophilaGenetic Reference Panel to identify genes and pathways underlying these interactions in sleep behavior and mushroom body morphology. We show that early-life nutritional restriction has genotype-specific effects on variation in sleep behavior and brain morphology. We mapped genes associated with sleep sensitivity to early-life nutrition, which were enriched for protein-protein interactions responsible for translation, endocytosis regulation, ubiquitination, lipid metabolism, and neural development. By manipulating the expression of candidate genes in the mushroom bodies and all neurons, we confirm that genes regulating neural development, translation and insulin signaling contribute to the variable response of sleep and brain morphology to early-life nutrition. We show that the interaction between differential expression of candidate genes with nutritional restriction in early life resides in the mushroom bodies or other neurons, and that these effects are sex specific. Natural variation in genes that control the systemic response to nutrition and brain development and function interact with early-life nutrition in different types of neurons to contribute to the variation of brain morphology and adult sleep behavior.
The human vault RNA enhances tumorigenesis and chemoresistance through the lysosome
Authors: Ferro Iolanda , Gavini Jacopo , Bracher Lisamaria , Landolfo Marc , Candinas Daniel , Stroka Deborah , Polacek Norbert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe small non-coding vault RNA (vtRNA) 1-1 has been shown to confer apoptosis resistance in several malignant cell lines and also to modulate the autophagic flux in hepatocytes, thus highlighting its pro-survival role. Here we describe a new function of vtRNA1-1 in regulatingin vitroandin vivotumor cell proliferation, tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. By activating extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK 1/2), vtRNA1-1 knock-out (KO) inhibits transcription factor EB (TFEB), leading to a downregulation of the coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) network genes and lysosomal compartment dysfunction. Pro-tumorigenic pathways dysregulation and decreased lysosome functionality potentiate the anticancer effect of conventional targeted cancer drugs in the absence of vtRNA1-1. Finally, vtRNA1-1 KO-reduced lysosomotropism, together with a higher intracellular compound availability, significantly reduced tumor cell proliferationin vitroandin vivo. These findings reveal the role of vtRNA1-1 in ensuring intracellular catabolic compartment stability and functionality, suggesting its importance in lysosome-mediated chemotherapy resistance.
No Assembly Required: Using BTyper3 to Assess the Congruency of a Proposed Taxonomic Framework for the Bacillus cereus group with Historical Typing Methods
Authors: Carroll Laura M. , Cheng Rachel A. , Kovac Jasna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Bacillus cereus group, also known as B. cereus sensu lato (s.l.), is a species complex comprising numerous closely related lineages, which vary in their ability to cause illness in humans and animals. The classification of B. cereus s.l. isolates into species-level taxonomic units is essential for facilitating communication between and among microbiologists, clinicians, public health officials, and industry professionals, but is not always straightforward. A recently proposed genomospecies-subspecies-biovar taxonomic framework aims to provide a standardized nomenclature for this species complex but relies heavily on whole-genome sequencing (WGS), a technology with limited accessibility. It thus is unclear whether popular, low-cost typing methods (e.g., single- and multi-locus sequence typing) remain congruent with the proposed taxonomy. Here, we characterize 2,231 B. cereus s.l. genomes using a combination of in silico (i) average-nucleotide identity (ANI)-based genomospecies assignment, (ii) ANI-based subspecies assignment, (iii) seven-gene multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), (iv) panC group assignment, (v) rpoB allelic typing, and (vi) virulence factor detection. We show that sequence types (STs) assigned using MLST can be used for genomospecies assignment, and we provide a comprehensive list of ST/genomospecies associations. For panC group assignment, we show that an adjusted, eight-group framework is largely congruent with the proposed eight-genomospecies taxonomy and resolves incongruencies observed in the historical seven-group framework among isolates assigned to panC Groups II, III, and VI. We additionally provide a list of loci that capture the topology of the whole-genome B. cereus s.l. phylogeny that may be used in future sequence typing efforts. For researchers with access to WGS, MLST, and/or panC data, we showcase how our recently released software, BTyper3 (https://github.com/lmc297/BTyper3), can be used to assign B. cereus s.l. isolates to taxonomic units within this proposed framework with little-to-no user intervention or domain-specific knowledge of B. cereus s.l. taxonomy. We additionally outline a novel method for assigning B. cereus s.l. genomes to pseudo-gene flow units within proposed genomospecies. The results presented here highlight the backwards-compatibility and accessibility of the proposed taxonomic framework and illustrate that WGS is not a necessity for microbiologists who want to use the proposed taxonomy effectively.
Mps1 promotes poleward chromosome movements in meiotic pro-metaphase
Authors: Meyer Régis E , Tipton Aaron R , Gorbsky Gary J , Dawson Dean S 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIn prophase of meiosis I, homologous partner chromosomes pair and become connected by crossovers. Chiasmata, the connections formed between the partners enable the chromosome pair, called a bivalent, to attach as a single unit to the spindle. When the meiosis I spindle forms in prometaphase, most bivalents are associated with a single spindle pole and go through a series of oscillations on the spindle, attaching to and detaching from microtubules until the partners of the bivalent are bi-oriented, that is, attached to microtubules from opposite sides of the spindle, and prepared to be segregated at anaphase I. The conserved, kinetochore-associated kinase, Mps1, is essential for the bivalents to be pulled by microtubules across the spindle in prometaphase. Here we show thatMPS1is not required for kinetochores to attach microtubules but instead is necessary to trigger the migration of microtubule-attached kinetochores towards the poles. Our data support the model that Mps1 triggers depolymerization of microtubule ends once they attach to kinetochores in prometaphase. Thus, Mps1 acts at the kinetochore to co-ordinate the successful attachment of a microtubule and the triggering of microtubule depolymerization to move the chromosome.
Initial spindle positioning at the oocyte center protects against incorrect kinetochore-microtubule attachment and aneuploidy in mice
Authors: Kincade Jessica N. , Hlavacek Avery , Akera Takashi , Balboula Ahmed Z. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTSpindle positioning within the oocyte must be regulated tightly. Following nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), the spindle is predominantly assembled at the oocyte center prior to its migration towards the cortex to achieve the highly asymmetric division, a characteristic of female meiosis. The significance of the initial central positioning of the spindle is largely unknown. Here we show that the centered spindle in mouse oocytes is an insurance mechanism to avoid the premature exposure to cortical CDC42 signaling, which perturbs proper kinetochore-microtubule attachments, leading to the formation of aneuploid gametes. Because the spindle forms where NEBD occurs, nucleus position significantly influences the location of the initial spindle assembly. We also find that this nucleus positioning is a dynamic process that depends on maternal age. These findings will help in understanding why female gametes are notoriously associated with high rates of aneuploidy, the leading genetic cause of miscarriage and congenital abnormalities.
The fast and superprocessive KIF1A predominately resides in a vulnerable one-head-bound state during its chemomechanical cycle
Authors: Zaniewski Taylor M. , Gicking Allison M. , Fricks John , Hancock William O. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTKinesin-3 are the fastest and most processive motors of the three neuronal transport kinesin families, yet the sequence of states and rates of kinetic transitions that comprise the chemomechanical cycle are poorly understood. We used stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy and single-molecule motility assays to delineate the chemomechanical cycle of the kinesin-3, KIF1A. Our bacterially expressed KIF1A construct, dimerized via a kinesin-1 coiled-coil, exhibits fast velocity and superprocessivity behavior similar to wild-type KIF1A. We established that the KIF1A forward step is triggered by hydrolysis of ATP and not by ATP binding, meaning that KIF1A follows the same chemomechanical cycle as established for kinesin-1 and-2. The ATP-triggered half-site release rate of KIF1A was similar to the stepping rate, indicating that during stepping, rear-head detachment is an order of magnitude faster than in kinesin-1 and kinesin-2. Thus, KIF1A spends the majority of its hydrolysis cycle in a one-head-bound state. Both the ADP off-rate and the ATP on-rate at physiological ATP concentration were fast, eliminating these steps as possible rate limiting transitions. Based on the measured run length and the relatively slow off-rate in ADP, we conclude that attachment of the tethered head is the rate limiting transition in the KIF1A stepping cycle. The fast speed, superprocessivity and load sensitivity of KIF1A can be explained by a fast rear head detachment rate, a rate-limiting step of tethered head attachment that follows ATP hydrolysis, and a relatively strong electrostatic interaction with the microtubule in the weakly-bound post-hydrolysis state.
Exploring Bottom-Up Visual Processing and Visual Hallucinations in Parkinson’s Disease with Dementia
Authors: Murphy Nicholas , Killen Alison , Graziadio Sara , Rochester Lynn , Firbank Michael , Baker Mark R , Allan Charlotte , Collerton Daniel , Taylor John-Paul , Urwyler Prabitha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVisual hallucinations (VH) are a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD), affecting up to 65% of cases. Integrative models of their etiology posit that a decline in executive control of the visuo-perceptual system is a primary mechanism of VH generation. The role of bottom-up processing in the manifestation of VH in this condition is still not clear. Here we compared amplitude and latency patterns of reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in healthy controls (n=21) and PDD patients (n = 34) with a range of VH severities. PDD patients showed increased N2 latency relative to controls, but patients reporting complex VH (n=17) did not demonstrate any relationship between VEP measurements and their hallucination severity as measured on the neuropsychiatric inventory hallucinations subscale (NPIHal) score. Our VEP findings support previous reports of declining visual system physiology in PDD. However, no notable major relationships between the integrity of the visual pathway and VH were found.
Statistics associated with the lethality of COVID-19 by age group and gender in Mexico
Authors: Hernandez-Suarez Carlos , Murillo-Zamora Efren 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe analyzed outcomes of 102,985 SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases of patients attending the IMSS (Mexican Institute for National Insurance) from January 2 to August 3, 2020. We calculated relative IFR by age group and gender and introduced the concept of adjusted lethalities, that can be used to project the burden of the disease for a population with different demographic characteristics.
Endocannabinoid levels in patients with Parkinson’s disease with and without levodopa-induced dyskinesias
Authors: Marchioni Camila , Santos-Lobato Bruno Lopes , Queiroz Maria Eugênia Costa , Crippa José Alexandre S. , Tumas Vitor 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLevodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are frequent complications, and the endocannabinoid system has a role on its pathophysiology.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that the functioning of the endocannabinoid system would be altered in PD and in LID by measuring plasma and CSF levels of α-N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) in patients with PD with and without LID and in healthy controls.MethodsBlood and CSF samples were collected from 20 healthy controls, 23 patients with PD without LID, and 24 patients with PD with LID. The levels of AEA and 2-AG were measured using a highly sensitive column switching ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method.ResultsWhen pooled together, patients with PD had lower plasma and CSF levels of 2-AG and higher CSF levels of AEA compared to healthy controls (Mann-Whitney statistics = 303.0, p = 0.02). Patients with PD without LID had lower CSF levels of 2-AG (Kruskal-Wallis statistics = 7.76, p = 0.02) and higher CSF levels of AEA levels than healthy controls (Kruskal-Wallis statistics = 8.81, p = 0.01).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the endocannabinoid system participates in the pathophysiology of PD symptoms, but its role in the pathophysiology of LID is still unclear.
Evaluation of the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Assay
Authors: Lau CS , Hoo SP , Yew SF , Ong SK , Lum LT , Heng PY , Tan JG , Wong MS , Aw TC 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundLittle is known about the performance of the Roche novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody (anti-SARS-CoV-2) assay. We provide an extensive evaluation of this fully automated assay on the Cobas e801/e602 immunoassay analysers.MethodsWe assessed the linearity, precision, and throughput of the Roche anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. Sensitivity was calculated from 349 SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive samples; specificity was determined from 714 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-naive samples. We examined cross-reactivity against other antibody positive samples (syphilis, RF, ANA, ds-DNA, influenza, dengue, HBV, HCV) and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 kinetics.ResultsThe assay cut-off index (COI) was linear up to 90.7. The inter-assay precision was 2.9% for a negative control (COI=0.1) and 5.1% for a positive control (COI=3.0). Assay time is 18min and results are available 1 minute later; throughput for 300 samples was 76 minutes. No cross-reactivity was observed with other antibody positive samples; specificity was 100%. The assay has a sensitivity of 97.1% 14 days after PCR positivity (POS) and 100% at ≥21 days POS; 48.2% of cases had anti-SARS-CoV-2 within 6 days POS. In 11 subjects in whom serum was available prior to a positive antibody signal (COI ≥1.0) the interval between the last negative and first positive COI (time to “sero-conversion”) on average is 3 days (range 1-6 days) and 4 more days (range 1-7) for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 to plateau.ConclusionThe Roche anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay shows excellent performance with minimal cross-reactivity from other viral and confounding antibodies. Antibody development and sero-conversion appears quite early.
Temperature and Humidity Do Not Influence Global COVID-19 Incidence as Inferred from Causal Models
Authors: Awasthi Raghav , Nagori Aditya , Singh Pradeep , Pal Ridam , Joshi Vineet , Sethi Tavpritesh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe relationship between meteorological factors such as temperature and humidity with COVID-19 incidence is still unclear after 6 months of the beginning of the pandemic. Some literature confirms the association of temperature with disease transmission while some oppose the same. This work intends to determine whether there is a causal association between temperature, humidity and Covid-19 cases. Three different causal models were used to capture stochastic, chaotic and symbolic natured time-series data and to provide a robust & unbiased analysis by constructing networks of causal relationships between the variables. Granger-Causality method, Transfer Entropy method & Convergent Cross-Mapping (CCM) was done on data from regions with different temperatures and cases greater than 50,000 as of 13th May 2020. From the Granger-Causality test we found that in only Canada, the United Kingdom, temperature and daily new infections are causally linked. The same results were obtained from Convergent Cross Mapping for India. Again using Granger-Causality test, we found that in Russia only, relative humidity is causally linked to daily new cases. Thus, a Generalized Additive Model with a smoothing spline function was fitted for these countries to understand the directionality. Using the combined results of the said models, we were able to conclude that there is no evidence of a causal association between temperature, humidity and Covid-19 cases.
Reliability-based optimized design of hybrid tether
Authors: Agrawal Anil Kumar , Pratap Mahendra , Sati Subhash Chandra , Upadhyay Rajeev Kumar 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to optimize the design of a hybrid tether using probabilistic approach considering inherent random variation in the stress developed and the strength it has. The variation in strength is mostly because of variation in diameter of the tether and the properties of the material along the length of the tether. As a result, classical design approach for the tether may not serve the purpose. For this purpose, a reliability-based design of hybrid tether is discussed in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review was carried out on the design of tether and its operational reliability. It has been shown that the classical design approach does not serve the purpose, as the strategic operation has to be reliable enough, often requiring a measure of reliability required. A reliability-based approach has been presented to achieve the optimum design of a hybrid tether.

Findings
The optimization problem was carried out for different values of the safety factor to investigate the effect on the optimal design of tether. An analysis is carried out to show that one should not target a very high value of reliability or factor of safety, as it causes the self-weight of the tether to increase tremendously and its cost significantly.

Research limitations/implications
The present work has been carried out considering the limited data and can further be extended to determine more accurate reliability measures by considering more number of sample test data. The measured data is collected from limited required trials for demo; do not represent the exact population data.

Originality/value
Lab strength test and flight trials were conducted to acquire data for the present analysis. In field use, it was noticed that the tether degraded from top portion attached toward the balloon end because of maximum exposure and repeated usage.
Grey literature management in Iranian medical science libraries
Authors: Doulani Abbas , Ansari Nasim , Mirezati Seyedeh Zahra , Saberi Mohammad Karim 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The aim of this study is to identify the status of managing gray literature (GL) in medical science libraries in terms of three dimensions, collection development, organization and dissemination.

Design/methodology/approach
In this survey study, a structured questionnaire was used. The questionnaire consisted of 30 questions and consisted of six sections (demographic characteristics, the use of the term GL, types of GL, collection development, organization and dissemination). In total, 50 librarians from 15 medical science libraries participated in this study. The questionnaires were distributed manually to librarians by visiting libraries. All the librarians filled in the questionnaires. It should be noted that descriptive statistics and Excel and SPSS software were used for data analysis.

Findings
The results of using the term GL showed that 68 per cent of librarians use the source name itself. Most GL in libraries were theses (94 per cent). Moreover, a review of the status of GL collection showed that 60 per cent of libraries had written instructions for providing these resources. A total of 62 per cent of librarians stated that there is a GL selection committee in their library and the librarian is the most important member of the collection department. A total of 40 per cent of libraries were weeding GL. The most common way of obtaining GL was through deposition. The analysis of the status of GL organization indicated that 80 per cent of libraries had GL organization. A total of 90 per cent of libraries had digitized GL, and that librarians played a large role in organizing such resources. Evaluation of the dissemination of GL showed that all libraries have enabled users to access GL. In most libraries, users were only allowed to use GL in the library, and it was not possible to copy GL. Students and faculty members were the most important users of GL. Informing through the library website and the parent organization was the most important way of informing about these resources.

Originality/value
GL is one of the most important resources in medical and non-medical academic libraries. In this study, for the first time, the status of GL management in Iranian libraries of medical sciences was investigated. The results of this study can be useful for policymakers and managers of medical and non-medical libraries.
Developing virtue ethics in management: a case of an interdisciplinary educational approach
Authors: Mion Giorgio , Beghini Renzo 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to present and discuss an interdisciplinary educational approach to business ethics, based on a virtue ethics framework and the common good paradigm. This approach addresses the challenges that businesses face in building legitimacy and creating shared values.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents a case study of an experience of an interdisciplinary postgraduate course, discussing both the design of the program and its first results.

Findings
The paper focuses on the theoretical and practical reasons for the interdisciplinary nature of business ethics education and contributes to the literature on business ethics education as well as training and educational practices in academic and professional contexts.

Practical implications
This paper can positively influence business education practices by sharing a replicable educational model and fostering virtuous practices that contribute to renewing the perception of the purpose of firms.

Social implications
Improving business ethics education can positively affect the social performance of firms contributing to the common good.

Originality
The paper presents an innovative interdisciplinary educational program that, to the best of our knowledge of the current literature, can be consider an original contribution.