bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solving a backward problem for a distributed-order time fractional diffusion equation by a new adjoint technique
Authors: Yuan Lele , Cheng Xiaoliang , Liang Kewei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper studies a backward problem for a time fractional diffusion equation, with the distributed order Caputo derivative, of determining the initial condition from a noisy final datum.
The uniqueness, ill-posedness and a conditional stability for this backward problem are obtained.
The inverse problem is formulated into a minimization functional with Tikhonov regularization.
Based on the series representation of the regularized solution, we give convergence rates under an a-priori and an a-posteriori regularization parameter choice rule.
With a new adjoint technique to compute the gradient of the functional, the conjugate gradient method is applied to reconstruct the initial condition.
Numerical examples in one- and two-dimensional cases illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A novel etiologic factor of highly elevated cholestanol levels: progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis
Authors: Küçükçongar Yavaş Aynur , Çavdarlı Büşra , Ünal Uzun Özlem , Uncuoğlu Ayşen , Gündüz Mehmet 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundProgressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3) is an uncommon cholestatic liver disease caused by mutations in the ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 (ABCB4) gene. Although PFIC3 is frequently identified in childhood, ABCB4 disease-causing alleles have been described in adults affected by intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, hormone-induced cholestasis, low-phospholipid-associated cholelithiasis syndrome or juvenile cholelithiasis, cholangiocarcinoma and in sporadic forms of primary biliary cirrhosis. Cholestanol is a biomarker which is elevated especially in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis and rarely in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and Niemann Pick type C.Case presentationHere we report a Turkish patient with compound heterozygous mutations in the ABCB4 gene, who has hepatosplenomegaly, low level of high-density lipoprotein, cholestasis and high level of cholestanol.ConclusionThis is the first PFIC3 case with a high cholestanol level described in the literature. There are very few diseases linked to increased cholestanol levels, two of which are CTX and PBC. From this case, we can conclude that a high cholestanol level might be another indicator of PFIC type 3.
A new blow-up criterion for the N – abc family of Camassa-Holm type equation with both dissipation and dispersion
Authors: Zhang Zaiyun , Li Limei , Fang Chunhua , He Fan , Huang Chuangxia , Zhu Wen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the Cauchy problem for the N – abc family of Camassa-Holm type equation with both dissipation and dispersion. Furthermore, we establish the blow-up result of the positive solutions in finite time under certain conditions on the initial datum. This result complements the early one in the literature, such as [E. Novruzov, Blow-up phenomena for the weakly dissipative Dullin-Gottwald-Holm equation, J. Math. Phys. 54 (2013), no. 9, 092703, DOI 10.1063/1.4820786] and [Z.Y. Zhang, J.H. Huang, and M.B. Sun, Blow-up phenomena for the weakly dissipative Dullin-Gottwald-Holm equation revisited, J. Math. Phys. 56 (2015), no. 9, 092701, DOI 10.1063/1.4930198].
The hyperbolic polygons of type (ϵ, n) and Möbius transformations
Authors: Demirel Oğuzhan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
An n-sided hyperbolic polygon of type (ϵ, n) is a hyperbolic polygon with ordered interior angles
$\begin{array}{}
\frac{\pi}{2}
\end{array} $ + ϵ, θ1, θ2, …, θn−2,
$\begin{array}{}
\frac{\pi}{2}
\end{array} $ − ϵ, where 0 < ϵ <
$\begin{array}{}
\frac{\pi}{2}
\end{array} $ and 0 < θi < π satisfying

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle \sum_{i = 1}^{n-2} \theta_{i}+\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}+\epsilon\Big)+\Big(\frac{\pi}{2}-\epsilon\Big) \lt (n-2)\pi
\end{array} $$
and θi + θi+1 ≠ π (1 ≤ i ≤ n − 3), θ1 + (
$\begin{array}{}
\frac{\pi}{2}
\end{array} $ + ϵ) ≠ π, θn−2 + (
$\begin{array}{}
\frac{\pi}{2}
\end{array} $ − ϵ) ≠ π. In this paper, we present a new characterization of Möbius transformations by using n-sided hyperbolic polygons of type (ϵ, n). Our proofs are based on a geometric approach.
Tripled best proximity point in complete metric spaces
Authors: Rohen Yumnam , Mlaiki Nabil 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new type of contraction to seek the existence of tripled best proximity point results. Here, using the new contraction and P-property, we generalize and extend results of W. Shatanawi and A. Pitea and prove the existence and uniqueness of some tripled best proximity point results. Examples are also given to support our results.
Did the NSA and GCHQ Diminish Our Privacy? What the Control Account Should Say
Authors: Menges Leonhard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A standard account of privacy says that it is essentially a kind of control over personal information. Many privacy scholars have argued against this claim by relying on so-called threatened loss cases. In these cases, personal information about an agent is easily available to another person, but not accessed. Critics contend that control accounts have the implausible implication that the privacy of the relevant agent is diminished in threatened loss cases. Recently, threatened loss cases have become important because Edward Snowden’s revelation of how the NSA and GCHQ collected Internet and mobile phone data presents us with a gigantic, real-life threatened loss case. In this paper, I will defend the control account of privacy against the argument that is based on threatened loss cases. I will do so by developing a new version of the control account that implies that the agents’ privacy is not diminished in threatened loss cases.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-5-carboxybenzoato-κ
2
N:O)silver(I)], C15H8AgNO4S
Authors: Wang Jian-Ge. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
C15H8AgNO4S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.38373(15) Å, b = 14.5293(2) Å, c = 10.5147(2) Å, β = 101.0636(18)°, V = 1257.00(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0340, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0724, T = 290(1) K.
Crystal structure of [[Mo3Se7(S2CNEt2)3]2(μ-Se)] ⋅ 2(C6H4Cl2), C42H68Cl4Mo6N6S12Se15
Authors: Brakefield Kyra , Barnes Justin , Donahue James P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
C42H68Cl4Mo6N6S12Se15, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 13.0196(19) Å, b = 18.813(3) Å, c = 19.745(3) Å, α = 117.446(2)°, β = 99.775(2)°, γ = 98.233(2)°, V = 4091.7(10) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0557, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1618, T = 150 K.
Redetermination of the crystal structure of yttrium(III) trinitrate(V) pentahydrate, Y(NO3)3 ⋅ 5 H2O, H10N3O14Y
Authors: Klein Wilhelm 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
H10N3O14Y, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 6.5965(12) Å, b = 9.5374(17) Å, c = 10.5249(19) Å, α = 63.809(13)°, β = 84.677(15)°, γ = 76.397(19)°, V = 577.46(18) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0330, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0697, T = 223 K.
Crystal structure of (η6-1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene)-[5-bromo-2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-κ2
C,N]-chloro-ruthenium(II), C21H21BrClNRu
Authors: Xu Chen , Lou Xin-Hua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
C21H21BrClNRu, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.2185(4) Å, b = 10.1626(5) Å, c = 11.9356(6) Å, α = 100.399(4)°, β = 90.005(4)°, γ = 93.434(4)°, V = 978.68(9) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0353, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0676, T = 291(2) K.
Religious Welfare Organizations, Citizenship, and the State in Lebanon
Authors: Haddad Tania 
Published: March 2020

AbstractReligious welfare organizations (RWOs) are considered the leading providers of services in Lebanon, with annual budgets exceeding those of state service ministries. While the religious nature of Lebanese society contributes to one part of the story, other political factors have led to these organizations’ emergence: political motivations heavily influence RWOs’ development. Thus, the conceptual framework that analyzes RWOs as providing services solely based on religious obligations does not provide a full analysis of their dynamics and importance. Based on interviews conducted in the field, this paper argues that the historical composition of the state, the state’s paralysis during the civil war, and its present weakness have led to the growth of these organizations. Also, the locally-adapted and decentralized structure of RWOs has contributed to their development into organizations that have grown more powerful than the state.
Think Tank Soldiers in the Battle for Tax Reform
Authors: Irvin Renee , Sokolowski Jes 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContemporary scholars argue that high wealth donors in the U.S. influence political decision making through generous funding of nonprofit organizations like think tanks. In response to that potential influence, some endorse curbs on implicit subsidies that favor higher-income donors more than lower-income donors. To highlight the debate, this study selects a particular topic – tax policy – that generates highly partisan viewpoints and political agendas. The article first models predicted partisan operational differences, based on donors’ ideological differences. The study then explores the financial, staffing, and board resources of think tanks and associated advocacy organizations. The data were collected in the year immediately prior to the passage of the 2017 U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, providing a snapshot view of contrasting operations of left-, centrist, and right-leaning tax policy think tanks. Given the notably more generous resources utilized by right-leaning tax policy organizations, it is possible that donor wealth differences enabled right-leaning nonprofits to contribute their influence to get the historic tax reform package passed. However, the successful passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act could have resulted as well from the more targeted messaging and narrative framing employed by right-leaning think tanks and advocacy organizations.
Die Nationale Industriestrategie 2030: Eine kritische Diskussion
Authors: Schnellenbach Jan , Schwuchow Sören 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Wir analysieren die Nationale Industriestrategie 2030, die im Februar 2019 vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie veröffentlicht wurde. Bei dieser Strategie handelt es sich um einen Versuch, vertikale Industriepolitik in Deutschland zu stärken. Wir argumentieren, dass die theoretische und empirische Rechtfertigung für diese Strategie insgesamt schwach ist. Die vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) vorgeschlagenen Instrumente weisen meist nur eine sehr geringe Passgenauigkeit zur mittelständisch geprägten deutschen Unternehmenslandschaft auf. Sie stellen Anforderungen an die Fähigkeiten der staatlichen Entscheidungsträger, die in der Realität kaum vorzufinden sind. Eine sinnvolle Alternative würde in einer Rückbesinnung auf ordnungspolitische Prinzipien, insbesondere die Gewährleistung einer hohen Wettbewerbsintensität, bestehen.
Evidence Against Combined Effects of Stress and Brain Stimulation on Working Memory
Authors: Friehs Maximilian A. , Frings Christian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe effect of stress on working memory has been traced back to a modulation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We investigated the effects of neuromodulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) after exposure to psychosocial stress through the Socially Evaluated Cold Pressure Test (SECPT). The hypothesis was that neuromodulation interacts with the stress intervention, to either boost performance even under stressed conditions or compensate negative stress effects. Fifty-nine participants were randomly divided into two groups. One group received active, anodal, offline transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the lDLPFC while the other group received sham stimulation. Participants performed a lexical n-back task, before and after the SECPT and tDCS intervention. The first n-back task was used as a baseline measurement and the second n-back task was performed during recovery from stress when cortisol levels are at their peak, but still under the influence of tDCS aftereffects. Additionally, after the psychosocial stress phase participants were post-hoc divided into cortisol responders and nonresponders. Results showed that generally stress increased lexical n-back task performance as indicated by faster correct reaction times and higher accuracy but that this was not modulated by tDCS. Crucially, using Bayes analysis we obtained evidence against the influence of anodal tDCS on stressed individual’s working memory performance.
Opportunities for holistic waste stream valorization from food waste treatment facilities: a review
Authors: Giwa Abdulmoseen Segun , Ali Nasir , Vakili Mohammadtaghi , Guo Xiaogang , Liu Dongsheng , Wang Kaijun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Difficult-to-biodegrade fractions (DBFs) generated from the biological treatment of food waste (FW) account for approximately 30% of the actual waste. These wastes are difficult to degrade or are considered indigestible residues of the aerobic and anaerobic fermentation treatment of FW treatment facilities. The currently applied disposal routes for DBFs exert environmental pressure and underutilize waste as resources. Therefore, these challenges must be overcome. An innovative strategy for the enhancement of the energy value and beneficial products from FW and the associated DBFs is proposed in this review. We propose conceptual future optimization routes for FW and DBFs via three types of technology integration. Pyrolysis techniques thoroughly treat DBFs to produce various value-added bio-energy products, such as pyrogenic bio-char, syngas, and bio-oil. Anaerobic digestion treats FW while utilizing pyrolysis products for robust performance enhancement and bio-methane upgrade. This holistic route offers conceptual information and proper direction as crucial knowledge for real application to harness the inherent resources of waste streams generated from FW treatment facilities.
Die Dialoge des Lukian von Samosata im literarischen Kontext des tschechischen Klassizismus
Authors: Urválková Zuzana 
Published: March 2020

Summary
The study is focused on the reception of the then-popular Dialogues of the Dead / Conversations by Syrian philosopher and rhetorician Lucian of Samosata (120 AD-180 AD) in Czech literature on the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, with occasional insight into the intermediary French and German reception. Thanks to their linguistic refinement, Lucian’s dialogues quickly became a popular reading for the learning of Greek at the time, and in the 18th century, they contributed significantly to the development of journalism. This tendency was also present in the revivalist journal Hlasatel český during the period of 1806–1808 when it featured translations of several of Lucian’s dialogues alongside Jungmann’s conversation On the Czech Tongue (1808). The said conversations evoke the form of Lucianesque dialogues of the dead, which was to be the model of antiquity for the Czech classicism of the time, and they fill this form with thoughts of enlightenment and contemporary nationalism while capitalizing on the models of contemporary educational practices at Prague universities.
Data convergence in syntactic theory and the role of sentence pairs
Authors: Juzek Tom S. , Häussler Jana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMost acceptability judgments reported in the syntactic literature are obtained by linguists being their own informants. For well-represented languages like English, this method of data collection is best described as a process of community agreement, given that linguists typically discuss their judgments with colleagues. However, the process itself is comparably opaque, and the reliability of its output has been questioned. Recent studies looking into this criticism have shown that judgments reported in the literature for English can be replicated in quantitative experiments to a near-perfect degree. However, the focus of those studies has been on testing sentence pairs. We argue that replication of only contrasts is not sufficient, because theory building necessarily includes comparison across pairs and across papers. Thus, we test items at large, i. e. independent of counterparts. We created a corpus of grammaticality judgments on sequences of American English reported in articles published inLinguistic Inquiryand then collected experimental ratings for a random subset of them. Overall, expert ratings and experimental ratings converge to a good degree, but there are numerous instances in which ratings do not converge. Based on this, we argue that for theory-critical data, the process of community agreement should be accompanied by quantitative methods whenever possible.
Evidence for Distinct Forms of Compulsivity in the SAPAP3 Mutant-Mouse Model for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Ehmer I. , Crown L. , van Leeuwen W. , Feenstra M. , Willuhn I. , Denys D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe specific mechanisms underlying compulsive behavior in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are unknown. It has been suggested that such compulsivity may have its origin in cognitive dysfunction such as impaired processing of feedback information, received after the completion of goal-directed actions. The signal attenuation (SA) task models such a processing deficit in animals by attenuating the association strength between food reward and audiovisual feedback (signal) presented after performance of an operant response. The compulsive-like responding resulting from SA is well characterized in rats, but was so far not established in mice, a species for which powerful genetic OCD models exist. Thus, first, we demonstrate that the SA task can be implemented in mice and show that attenuation of reward-associated response feedback produces similar behavior in C57BL/6 mice as previously reported in rats. Second, we tested the hypothesis thatSAPAP3knock-out mice (SAPAP3-/-), prone to exhibit several OCD-like abnormalities including excessive grooming, show enhanced compulsive-like behavior in the SA task compared with their wild-type (WT) littermates. However, task-related compulsivity measures in SAPAP3-/-and WT did not yield significant differences, neither following SA nor during “regular” extinction of operant behavior. Thus, compulsive-like instrumental behavior following feedback distortion was not potentiated in compulsively grooming mice, implicating specifically that (1) a general deficit in feedback processing is not related to excessive grooming in SAPAP3-/-and (2) different manifestations of compulsivity may be driven by independent mechanisms.
Frezlerle Ve Sonik Uçlarla Basamaklı Kole Preparasyonu Yapılmış Dişlerin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğünün Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Araştırılması
Authors: TAMAÇ Ece , TOMAN Muhittin , TOKSAVUL Suna 
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Bu in
vitro çalışmanın amacı, sadece döner aletlerde kullanılan normal gren boyutlu
elmas frezlerle prepare edilen dişlerin yüzey pürüzlülüğü ile döner aletlerde
kullanılan normal gren boyutlu elmas frezler + özel ultra sonik uçlar
kullanılarak prepare edilen dişlerin yüzey pürüzlülüğünü karşılaştırmaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: 20 adet yeni çekilmiş, çürüksüz molar diş bu çalışma için
seçilerek döner aletlerde kullanılan normal gren boyutlu elmas frezlerle
prepare edilmiştir. Bu dişlerin içinden 10 tanesi seçilerek bu dişlerin
preparasyonları özel ultrasonik uçlarla bitirilmiş ve böylece ikinci bir grup
oluşturulmuştur. Bu işlemlerin ardından
yüzey pürüzlülüğünün kaydı yapılmıştır. Yüzey pürüzlüğü Ra (yüzey profilinin
aritmetik ortalaması) ve Rz (yüzey pürüzlülük profilinin en yüksek beş noktası
ve en düşük beş noktası arasındaki dikey mesafe) gibi farklı parametreler
kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular:
Ra parametre değerlerine göre, sadece döner aletlerde kullanılan normal gren
boyutlu elmas frezlerle prepare edilen
grup dişlerin yüzey pürüzlülüğü, sonik aletlerle preparasyonu düzeltilen
grupa göre istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0.002). Rz parametre
değerlerine göre ise, bu iki grubun yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri arasında
istatiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p&gt;0.05).

Sonuçlar: Bu
çalışmanın sınırları dahilinde diş preparasyonunun özel ultrasonik uçlarla
bitirilmesinin daha pürüzsüz diş yüzeylerinin elde edilmesinde etkili olduğu
tespit edilmiştir. Ancak yüzey profilindeki en yüksek 5 nokta ile en derin 5
nokta arasındaki ortalama mesafenin (Rz) her iki grup için de benzer olduğu
görülmüştür.

Anahtar kelimeler:
ultrasonikler, dental aletler, diş preparasyonu
Violencia de Género en Estudiantes Universitarias Madres de la Sede de Occidente- UCR, durante el periodo 2011-2012
Authors: Piñeiro Ruiz Doris 
Published: March 2020

Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación cualitativa, cuyo fin es exponer los tipos de violencia por género que las estudiantes madres afrontan en diferentes escenarios, como lo es el familiar, educativo y de pareja, y algunas estrategias de empoderamiento que deben asumir para poder cumplir con su derecho a la educación superior. Sobre estos tipos de violencia menos visibles, más aceptadas y menos cuestionadas, se va a reflexionar, especialmente en: la violencia física, psicológica, sexual, económica e institucional, vividas por parte de las estudiantes universitarias madres en el contexto familiar, de pareja, e institucional. Para ello se trabajó con una población de ocho estudiantes madres que recibieron los servicios de la Casa Infantil Universitaria de la Sede de Occidente (CIUSO), de la Universidad de Costa Rica, durante el periodo 2011- 2012. De ahí que, se consideró importante traer a colación un tema que estaba siendo invisibilizado y ausente en las investigaciones anteriores efectuadas por el área de Ciencias Sociales, en esta Sede Universitaria.
Para ello, se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo, porque fue de vital importancia en el proceso de recolección y análisis de la información, ya que con este se pudo comprender las diversas estrategias de empoderamiento, tanto a nivel individual como colectivas que las estudiantes universitarias madres desarrollaron para enfrentar la situación de violencia y poder iniciar o reanudar sus estudios superiores.
Los resultados obtenidos mostraron la presencia de violencia de género en sus distintas manifestaciones. logrando determinar, además, que en la población objeto de estudio estuvo presente tanto, el empoderamiento social como el político, pues existía una mezcla de capacidades individuales, talento y voluntad en cada una de ellas y fue gracias a esos atributos personales que lograron esfuerzos colectivos.