bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint motion of bipolar hemiarthroplasty in routine hip functional movements: a dynamic motion study
Authors: Jiang Weizhou , Xiao Jun , Chen Bin , Jia Ming , Zhang Yang , Wang Jian , Shi Zhanjun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Many motion studies have shown that the inner bearing of bipolar prostheses moves less than expected under non-weight-bearing and static weight-bearing positions, which are not routine functional movements performed postoperatively. The aim of this study was to investigate the behaviours of bipolar prostheses during normal gait and simulative squatting.

Methods
Thirty-one femoral neck fracture patients were enrolled, and fluoroscopy examinations of walking on a treadmill, simulative squatting, and non-weight-bearing abduction-adduction and flexion-extension motions were performed at an average of 40 months postoperatively. The rate of acetabular cartilage degeneration was calculated. The ranges of motion of the outer bearing and inner bearing were determined, and the O/I ratios were calculated. Clinical efficacy was assessed by HHS and EQ-5D score.

Results
The inner bearing moved more than the outer bearing did, with an O/I ratio of 0.81, during the normal gait examination, while the motion of the outer bearing was obviously dominant during the simulative squatting and non-weight-bearing abduction-adduction and flexion-extension examinations. The mean acetabular cartilage degeneration rate was 0.82 ± 0.54 mm/year at the follow-up. In subgroup analyses, the motion of the outer bearing decreased to some extent with the increase in acetabular wear, and the corresponding O/I ratios among the groups showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The HHS and EQ-5D scores of the patients with osteolysis and femoral stem loosening were much worse than those with fixed implants.

Conclusion
Bipolar prostheses do function as originally intended during gait, but movement primarily occurs at the outer bearing during other examinations. The motion patterns of bipolar prostheses change with the increase in acetabular wear.
Efficacy and factors affecting the choice of enucleation and liver resection for giant hemangioma: a retrospective propensity score-matched study
Authors: Ju Mingguang , Xu Feng , Zhao Wenyan , Dai Chaoliu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Liver resection (LR) and enucleation (EN) are the main surgical treatment for giant hepatic hemangioma (HH), but how to choose the type of surgery is still controversial. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and the factors affecting the choice of open procedure for HH.

Methods
The data for patients with pathologically confirmed HH who underwent open surgery from April 2014 to August 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses with logistic regression were performed to disclose the factors associated with the choice of EN or LR. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to compare the efficacy of the two procedures.

Results
A total of 163 and 110 patients were enrolled in the EN and LR groups. Following 1:1 matching by PSM analysis, 66 patients were selected from each group. Centrally located lesions (OR: 0.131, 95% CI 0.070–0.244), tumors size > 12.1 cm (OR: 0.226, 95% CI 0.116–0.439) and multiple tumors (OR: 1.860, 95% CI 1.003–3.449) were independent factors affecting the choice of EN. There was no significant difference in the median operation time (156 vs. 195 min, P = 0.156), median blood loss (200 vs. 220 ml, P = 0.423), blood transfusion rate (33.3% vs. 33.3%, P = 1.000), mean postoperative feeding (3.1 vs. 3.3 d, P = 0.460), mean postoperative hospital stay (9.5 vs. 9.0 d, P = 0.206), or the major complication rates between the two groups.

Conclusions
Peripherally located lesions, tumors size ≤ 12.1 cm and multiple tumors were more inclined to receive EN. There was no significant difference in the efficacy of EN or LR.
Can thyroidectomy be considered safe in obese patients? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Canu Gian Luigi , Medas Fabio , Cappellacci Federico , Podda Michele Guido , Romano Giorgio , Erdas Enrico , Calò Pietro Giorgio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Obesity is a growing public health concern in most western countries. More and more patients with high body mass index (BMI) are undergoing surgical procedures of all kinds and, in this context, obese patients are undergoing thyroid surgery more than ever before.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether thyroidectomy can be considered safe in obese patients.

Methods
Patients undergoing thyroidectomy in our Unit between January 2014 and December 2018 were retrospectively analysed.
Patients were divided into two groups: those with BMI < 30 kg/m2 were included in Group A, while those with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 in Group B. Univariate analysis was performed to compare these two groups.
Moreover, multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate whether the BMI value (considered in this case as a continuous variable) had a significant role in the development of each individual postoperative complication.

Results
A total of 813 patients were included in this study: 31 (3.81%) were underweight, 361 (44.40%) normal-weight, 286 (35.18%) overweight, 94 (11.57%) obese and 41 (5.04%) morbidly obese. Six hundred and seventy-eight patients were included in Group A and 135 in Group B.
At univariate analysis, the comparison between the two groups, in terms of operative time and thyroid weight resulted in statistically significant results (P = 0.001, P = 0.008; respectively). These features were significantly higher in Group B than in Group A. About postoperative stay and complications, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups.
At multivariate analyses, only the development of cervical haematoma was statistically significantly correlated to the BMI value. Patients with high BMI had a lower risk of cervical haematoma (P = 0.045, OR 0.797, 95% CI 0.638–0.995).

Conclusions
This study showed that obesity, in the field of thyroid surgery, is not associated with any increase of postoperative complications. Thus, it is possible to conclude that thyroidectomy can be performed safely in obese patients. Our result about operative times had no clinical significance.
Health-related quality of life in the randomized phase 3 study of ramucirumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus docetaxel in platinum-refractory advanced urothelial carcinoma (RANGE)
Authors: Necchi Andrea , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Matsubara Nobuaki , Lee Jae-Lyun , Petrylak Daniel P. , de Wit Ronald , Drakaki Alexandra , Liepa Astra M. , Mao Huzhang , Bell-McGuinn Katherine , Powles Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate patient-reported outcomes with ramucirumab plus docetaxel, a regimen which improved progression-free survival in platinum-refractory advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC).MethodsRANGE—a randomized, double-blinded, phase 3 trial in patients with platinum-refractory aUC. Ramucirumab (10 mg/kg) plus docetaxel (75 mg/m2) or placebo plus docetaxel were administered every 21 days until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients received maximum 10 cycles of docetaxel. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EuroQoL five-dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) were administered at baseline, start of each cycle, and 30-day follow-up visit. A ≥ 10-point change in QLQ-C30 scores was considered meaningful. Rates of improved/stable scores were compared between treatment arms using Fisher’s exact test. Time to deterioration (TtD) was estimated and compared using Kaplan–Meier estimation and log-rank test.ResultsOf the 530 patients, ~ 97% patients in each arm provided baseline QLQ-C30 data. On-treatment compliance was ≥ 88% for first 8 cycles. Mean baseline QLQ-C30 scores were similar between arms, with global quality of life (QoL), fatigue, pain, and insomnia having greatest impairment. Postbaseline rates of improved/stable QLQ-C30 scores were similar between treatment arms except for greater improvement in pain score with ramucirumab. TtD of QLQ-C30 scales favored ramucirumab arm. Baseline EQ-5D-5L index and visual analogue scale scores were similar between arms, followed by relatively stable on-treatment scores. EQ-5D-5L scores worsened at post-discontinuation follow-up visit.ConclusionsRamucirumab plus docetaxel did not negatively impact QoL compared with docetaxel alone in platinum-refractory aUC. Improved TtD and tumor associated rates of pain favored ramucirumab treatment.Clinical trail registrationNCT02426125.https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02426125.Date of registration: April 24th 2015
Pharmacists’ background, interests, barriers, self-perceived competence and confidence to design and undertake pharmacy practice-based research in the GCC geographic area
Authors: Alhomoud Farah Kais 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The absence of ability and certainty to design and undertake pharmacy practice-based research (PPBR) was a major issue among pharmacists worldwide as reported in previous literature, despite them having an interest in conducting PPBR. Therefore, this study aimed at highlighting the research background of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) pharmacists which are the six Arab states of the Arabian Gulf, and examining barriers to conducting PPBR. In addition, to determine the self-perceived level of competence and confidence when planning and conducting PPBR.

Methods
This is a descriptive, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, performed among pharmacists working in the GCC countries (i.e. Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman and Qatar). A pre-validated questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample, via distribution of 500 research participation cards to conference attendees. These cards a quick response (QR) code, which should be scanned via mobile phone, to direct all readers to the online survey. All pharmacist delegates attending the conference (i.e. the Saudi International Pharmaceutical Sciences Annual National Conference (SIPHA) and Dubai International Pharmaceuticals and Technologies Conference and Exhibition (DUPHAT) in 2020 and who are working in one of the GCC co.
untries as pharmacists were considered. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel software.

Results
Two hundred and fourteen pharmacists were included. Seventy percent of the pharmacists had past PPBR background. Confidence and competence of pharmacists for research skills in regard to employing appropriate inferential statistical test, choosing software for statistical analysis, drafting a comprehensive plan for data analyses and determining appropriate sample size were weak. Highest competence and confidence were seen in preparing a presentation and searching the literature. Pharmacists with previous research experience (K-W: p = 0.001) and training (K-W: p = 0.003) had an overall ability to conduct PPBR. In addition, they had more interest in conducting PPBR (MWU = 3061.500, z = − 4.126, p = 0.000) and in learning about how to do so (MWU = 8698, z = − 1.898, p = 0.050).

Conclusions
Pharmacists practicing in the GCC geographic area realized the importance of planning and conducting PPBR and were more confident and competent to undertake and contribute to PPBR, except for skills related to statistical analysis. Therefore, training programmes especially for biostatistics and data analysis are mandatory to enhance pharmacists’ research capabilities.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of initial nonoperative management versus emergency laparoscopic appendectomy for acute complicated appendicitis
Authors: Sugiura Kiyoaki , Suzuki Keiichi , Umeyama Tomoshige , Omagari Kenshi , Hashimoto Takeo , Tamura Akihiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of nonoperative management is growing. However, the best treatment strategy for acute complicated appendicitis remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of treatment strategies for complicated appendicitis patients. This study sought to determine the most cost-effective strategy from the health care-payer’s perspective.MethodsThe primary outcome was an incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) using nonoperative management with or without interval laparoscopic appendectomy (ILA) as the intervention compared with operative management with emergency laparoscopic appendectomy (ELA) alone as the control. Model variables were abstracted from a literature review, and from data obtained from the hospital records of Tochigi Medical Center. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated using an ICER. We constructed a Markov model to compare treatment strategies for complicated appendicitis in otherwise-healthy adults, over a time horizon of a single year. Uncertainty surrounding model parameters was assessed via one-way- and probabilistic-sensitivity analyses. Threshold analysis was performed using the willingness-to-pay threshold set at the World Health Organization’s criterion of $107,690.ResultsThree meta-analysis were included in our analysis. Operative management cost $6075 per patient. Nonoperative management with interval laparoscopic appendectomy (ILA) cost $984 more than operative management and produced only 0.005 more QALYs, resulting in an ICER of $182,587. Nonoperative management without ILA cost $235 more than operative management, and also yielded only 0.005 additional QALYs resulting in an ICER of $45,123 per QALY. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis with 1000 draws resulted in average ICER of $172,992 in nonoperative management with ILA and $462,843 in Nonoperative management without ILA. The threshold analysis demonstrated that regardless of willingness-to-pay, nonoperative management without ILA would not be most cost-effective strategy.ConclusionsNonoperative management with ILA and Nonoperative management without ILA were not cost-effective strategies compared with operative management to treat complicated appendicitis. Based on our findings, operative management remains the standard of care and nonoperative management would be reconsidered as a treatment option in complicated appendicitis from economic perspective.
Interprofessional collaboration associated with frequency of life-saving links to HIV continuum of care services in the urban environment of Newark, New Jersey
Authors: Windsor Liliane Cambraia , Pinto Rogério Meireles , Lee Carol Ann 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHIV continuum of care has been used as a strategy to reduce HIV transmission rates, with timely engagement in HIV testing being the first and most critical step. This study examines interprofessional-collaboration (IPC) after controlling for agency/ provider demographics, provider training and self-efficacy as a significant predictor of how frequently HIV service providers link their clients to HIV testing.MethodsMultilevel binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the effects of IPC on links to HIV testing while controlling for demographic and agency information, provider training, and standardized measures of providers’ feelings, attitudes, and opinions about IPC. Cross-sectional data from 142 providers in 13 agencies offering treatment and prevention services for HIV and substance-use disorders were collected via a survey.ResultsThose who scored higher on the IPC scale reported significantly higher rates of linkages to HIV testing. Compared to the null model (i.e., no predictor model), the final multilevel binary logistic regression model showed a significantly improved likelihood of linkage to HIV testing by 11.4%, p. < .05. The final model correctly classified 90.2% of links to HIV testing. Providers in agencies with smaller budgets and in agencies offering substance use disorder services were more likely to link clients to HIV testing. Younger providers who received HIV training were also more likely to link clients to HIV testing.ConclusionsFindings suggest IPC training as a potential strategy to improve linkages to HIV testing for clients at risk for HIV infection. Future research is recommended to identify specific areas of IPC that might have differential effects on links to HIV testing.
Development of a multivariable prediction model to identify patients unlikely to complete a colonoscopy following an abnormal FIT test in community clinics
Authors: Petrik Amanda F. , Keast Erin , Johnson Eric S. , Smith David H. , Coronado Gloria D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd leading cancer killer among men and women in the US. The Strategies and Opportunities to STOP Colon Cancer in Priority Populations (STOP CRC) project aimed to increase CRC screening among patients in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) through a mailed fecal immunochemical test (FIT) outreach program. However, rates of completion of the follow-up colonoscopy following an abnormal FIT remain low. We developed a multivariable prediction model using data available in the electronic health record to assess the probability of patients obtaining a colonoscopy following an abnormal FIT test.

Methods
To assess the probability of obtaining a colonoscopy, we used Cox regression to develop a risk prediction model among a retrospective cohort of patients with an abnormal FIT result.

Results
Of 1596 patients with an abnormal FIT result, 556 (34.8%) had a recorded colonoscopy within 6 months. The model shows an adequate separation of patients across risk levels for non-adherence to follow-up colonoscopy (bootstrap-corrected C-statistic > 0.63). The refined model included 8 variables: age, race, insurance, GINI income inequality, long-term anticoagulant use, receipt of a flu vaccine in the past year, frequency of missed clinic appointments, and clinic site. The probability of obtaining a follow-up colonoscopy within 6 months varied across quintiles; patients in the lowest quintile had an estimated 18% chance, whereas patients in the top quintile had a greater than 55% chance of obtaining a follow-up colonoscopy.

Conclusions
Knowing who is unlikely to follow-up on an abnormal FIT test could help identify patients who need an early intervention aimed at completing a follow-up colonoscopy.

Trial registration
This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01742065) on December 5, 2012. The protocol is available.
Solitary tracheal B-cell lymphoma in an adult alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Marchionatti Emma , Van der Vekens Elke , Peters Laureen Michèle , Kaiponen Taina Susanna , Berenguer Veiga Inês , Zanolari Patrik 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
This report describes a case of solitary tracheal lymphoma in a 14-year-old alpaca mare.

Case presentation
The alpaca was referred for dyspnea and inspiratory noise. The clinical examination included complete blood cell count, blood chemistry, endoscopy, ultrasound, radiographs, and computed tomography (CT). A solitary tracheal intraluminal and juxtatracheal lymphoma was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA). The owner requested euthanasia due to the uncertain prognosis. At postmortem examination, the presence of solitary lymphoma without involvement of other organs was confirmed. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed a B-cell origin.

Conclusions
Although multicentric lymphoma is the most commonly described neoplasia affecting South American camelids (SAC), solitary forms of the disease may occur.
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium caprae in a camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Infantes-Lorenzo J. A. , Romero B. , Rodríguez-Bertos A. , Roy A. , Ortega J. , de Juan L. , Moreno I. , Domínguez M. , Domínguez L. , Bezos J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnimal tuberculosis (TB) is distributed worldwide and has a wide range of wild and domestic reservoirs. Few studies concerning TB in camelids have been published in the last decade, particularly as regards Old World Camelids (OWC), but the increase in reports of TB outbreaks in these species in recent years suggests a high susceptibility to the infection.Case presentationWe studied a dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) herd (n = 24) in which aMycobacterium capraeinfection was detected. The TB infection was confirmed in one animal at necropsy through the detection of TB lesions, mainly in the abdominal organs, and the subsequent isolation ofM. caprae(SB0157 spoligotype). The whole herd was additionally tested using cellular and humoral based diagnostic techniques. The intradermal tuberculin test results were compared with those obtained using P22 ELISA for the detection of specific antibodies against theM. tuberculosiscomplex. The TB infected animal was a positive reactor to both the intradermal tuberculin tests and P22 ELISA, while the others were negative to all the diagnostic tests.ConclusionThe present study foundM. capraeinfection in OWC. This is the first report ofM. capraeinfection in an OWC not living in a zoo. Since the animal was born in the herd and fed with goat’s milk, this practice was suspected to be the potential source of TB infection, which was not confirmed in the other animals present in the herd. Moreover, our results highlight that the intradermal tuberculin test and the P22 ELISA could be valuable tools for the diagnosis of TB in OWC.
CD4 T-cell immune stimulation of HER2 + breast cancer cells alters response to trastuzumab in vitro
Authors: Song Patrick N. , Mansur Ameer , Dugger Kari J. , Davis Tessa R. , Howard Grant , Yankeelov Thomas E. , Sorace Anna G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe HER2 + tumor immune microenvironment is composed of macrophages, natural killer cells, and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, which produce pro-inflammatory cytokines. Determining the effect of T-cells on HER2 + cancer cells during therapy could guide immunogenic therapies that trigger antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. This study utilized longitudinal in vitro time-resolved microscopy to measure T-cell influence on trastuzumab in HER2 + breast cancer.MethodsFluorescently-labeled breast cancer cells (BT474, SKBR3, MDA-MB-453, and MDA-MB-231) were co-cultured with CD4 + T-cells (Jurkat cell line) and longitudinally imaged to quantify cancer cell viability when treated with or without trastuzumab (10, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL). The presence and timing of T-cell co-culturing was manipulated to determine immune stimulation of trastuzumab-treated HER2 + breast cancer. HER2 and TNF-α expression were evaluated with western blot and ELISA, respectively. Significance was calculated using a two-tailed parametrict-test.ResultsThe viability of HER2 + cancer cells significantly decreased when exposed to 25 μg/mL trastuzumab and T-cells, compared to cancer cells exposed to trastuzumab without T-cells (p = 0.01). The presence of T-cells significantly increased TNF-α expression in trastuzumab-treated cancer cells (p = 0.02). Conversely, cancer cells treated with TNF-α and trastuzumab had a similar decrease in viability as trastuzumab-treated cancer cells co-cultured with T-cells (p = 0.32).ConclusionsThe presence of T-cells significantly increases the efficacy of targeted therapies and suggests trastuzumab may trigger immune mediated cytotoxicity. Increased TNF-α receptor expression suggest cytokines may interact with trastuzumab to create a state of enhanced response to therapy in HER2 + breast cancer, which has potential to reducing tumor burden.