bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interference of sanitizers, NaCl and curing salts on Listeria monocytogenes adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation
Authors: Silva D.A.L. , Tavares R.M. , Nero L.A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, a well-known foodborne pathogen and the causative agent of listeriosis, has the ability to persist in food processing environments due to its high adhesion ability in different surfaces, playing an important role in the food industry. The aim of this study was to assess how the main stressing conditions, usually observed in meat processing facilities (sanitizers, NaCl, curing salts), interfere in L. monocytogenes adhesion and biofilm formation. The isolates, representatives of different L. monocytogenes lineages (n = 6) were subjected to four different sanitizers (S1: quaternary ammonium; S2: peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide and glacial acetic acid, S3: biguanide polyhexamethylene hydrochloride, S4: hydrogen peroxide) to verify adhesion ability and susceptibility based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In addition, the isolates adhesion and biofilm were assessed up to 72 h under different conditions: sanitizers (MIC values), curing salts and NaCl (both at 5, 7·5, 10%), at different temperatures (4, 12 and 37°C). Despite the effectiveness of sanitizers, isolates presented higher biofilm development when compared to controls in the presence of quaternary ammonium (S1, 1: 1,024) at 4°C, over the tested time (P &lt; 0·05). Furthermore, different responses were observed for the different L. monocytogenes strains tested, providing a better understanding of the persistence of this pathogen in the food processing facilities.
Niche overlap and diet composition of three sympatric coastal dolphin species in the southwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Teixeira Clarissa R. , Botta Silvina , Daura‐Jorge Fábio G. , Pereira Luiza B. , Newsome Seth D. , Simões‐Lopes Paulo C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSympatric species are expected to differ in ecological requirements to minimize niche overlap and avoid competition. Here we assess the trophic interactions among three coexisting dolphin species from southern Brazil: the franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei), the Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis), and the Lahille's bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus gephyreus). We evaluated temporal variation in carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of bone collagen to examine potential dietary shifts resulting from increased fishing activity over the past three decades. We estimated the degree of niche overlap among these species and the contribution of potential prey sources to their diet. δ15N values were consistent among species and across years, while δ13C values increased for Guiana dolphins and decreased for bottlenose dolphins, suggesting changes in diet and/or foraging habitats through time. The similar δ13C and δ15N values and the high niche overlap between Guiana and bottlenose dolphins indicate that these species are primarily feeding on demersal prey. The franciscana diet is primarily composed of pelagic prey, resulting in a lower niche overlap in comparison with the other dolphin species. Our study provides further information about the foraging ecology of this unique dolphin community in southern Brazil with implications for its management and conservation.
Aetiology of superficial fungal infections of the foot in urban outpatients in mainland China: A multicentre, prospective case study
Authors: Yu Jin , Liu Wei‐Da , Tong Zhong‐Sheng , Yu Nan , Cao Cun‐Wei , Zhou Xun , Li Yu‐Zhen , Zhang Yu , Li Fu‐Qiu , Zhang Jun‐Min , Zhu Min , Yang Lian‐Juan , Abliz Palida , Wang Ai‐Ping , Ran Yu‐Ping , Li Ruo‐Yu 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundIn China, the prevalence of superficial fungal infections of the foot is high and recurrence is common. However, a prospective, large‐scale and multicentre study on the aetiology of superficial fungal infections of the foot is still lacking.ObjectivesTo study the epidemiology of aetiological agents of superficial fungal infections of the foot in urban outpatients in mainland China, as well as to understand the aetiology features of the pathogenic agent.MethodsThe study was designed as a multicentre, prospective epidemiological survey. A total of 1704 subjects were enrolled from seven geographical areas in mainland China. For each subject, one mycological sample and one bacterial sample were collected. KOH wet mount examination and culture were performed at local laboratories. The bacterial results were only reported in those with positive mycology. Further morphological identification and, if necessary, molecular biological identification were conducted in a central laboratory.ResultsOf 1704 enrolled subjects, 1327 (77.9%) subjects had positive fungal culture results. The incidence of dermatophytes, yeasts and moulds was 90.1%, 8.1% and 1.1%, respectively. The most frequently isolated aetiological agent (fungus) was Trichophyton rubrum. Moccasin form was the most commonly reported clinical diagnosis of superficial fungal infections. The most frequently isolated bacterial genus in patients was Staphylococcus.ConclusionThis study prospectively investigated the clinical and mycological features of human dermatophytosis in mainland China. T rubrum was the most frequently isolated fungus, and moccasin form was the most commonly reported clinical diagnosis of superficial fungal infections.
SarocladiumandAcremoniuminfections: New faces of an old opportunistic fungus
Authors: Pérez‐Cantero Alba , Guarro Josep 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe generaAcremoniumandSarocladiumcomprise a high diversity of morphologically and genetically related fungi generally found in the environment, although a few species, mainlySarocladium kilienseandAcremonium egyptiacum, can also be involved in many human infections. Clinical management of opportunistic infections caused by these fungi is very complex, since their correct identification is unreliable, and they generally show poor antifungal response. More than 300 clinical cases involving a broad range ofAcremonium/Sarocladiuminfections have so far been published, and with this review we aim to compile and provide a detailed overview of the current knowledge onAcremonium/Sarocladiumhuman infections in terms of presentation, diagnosis, treatments and prognoses. We also aim to summarise and discuss the data currently available on their antifungal susceptibility, emphasising the promising results obtained with voriconazole as well as their impact in terms of animal infections.
Interventions for impacted maxillary canines: A systematic review of the relationship between initial canine position and treatment outcome
Authors: Grisar Koenraad , Luyten Jonathan , Preda Flavia , Martin Catalina , Hoppenreijs Theo , Politis Constantinus , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this review was to critically assess the existing literature on the relationship between the initial position of impacted canines and treatment outcomes.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the available literature until February 2020 using the MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science and PubMed databases. Prospective and retrospective studies (randomized controlled trials [RCTs], cohort studies, longitudinal follow‐up studies) considering impacted maxillary canines that were orthodontically and/or surgically treated, and clearly reporting the initial position using 2D and/or 3D classifications, were included if they assessed at least one of the following: treatment success, treatment duration, number of treatment visits, radiographic outcome, periodontal health, esthetics and/or treatment complications. The included studies were assessed for risk of bias according to the Cochrane guidelines.ResultsSeventeen studies were reviewed (2 RCTs and 15 non‐RCTs). The included studies enrolled a total of 1247 patients with an average age of 14.1 years and a total of 1597 impacted canines. Various causal relationships were detected between the success of treatment modalities and the initial state of the impacted canine (bucco‐palatal position, vertical position, canine angulation, root development).DiscussionEvidence, though limited, suggests that a higher alpha angle, higher vertical position and more mesial sector of the impacted canine are related to less successful interceptive and active treatment solutions, prolonged treatment time and inferior outcomes.
Molecular, genomic and mutational landscape of oral leukoplakia
Authors: Farah Camile S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOral leukoplakia (OLK) and its more aggressive clinical variant proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) remain enigmatic disorders clinically and histopathologically. Despite decades of research into both, there has been only incremental advancement in our understanding of their aetiology and pathogenesis and only minimal improvement in effective management strategies. Currently, no specific prognostic genetic or molecular marker has been reported for leukoplakia. There is, however, an emerging body of evidence characterising the genomic and transcriptomic profile of OLK. Regardless of the significance of cellular and architectural features of OLK and PVL, it is clear from studies reported in this review that new emerging evidence points to the presence of premalignant molecular subtypes of leukoplakia which require further investigation. This up‐to‐date review explores the contemporary genomic, transcriptomic and mutational landscape of leukoplakia broadly, discusses concepts that may not be widely recognised or accepted and purposefully highlights studies with juxtaposed findings in an effort to challenge dogma. It also highlights the urgent need for a concerted international effort of original collaborative research which will only occur by pooling collective efforts, resources and intellect to define the molecular fingerprint of this enigmatic disorder, in the hope it will better inform diagnosis, stratification and treatment.
Care home staff's experiences and views of supporting the dietary management and choices of older residents with obesity
Authors: Thompson Juliana , Parkinson Mark , Collery Robyn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundRising numbers of older people with obesity living in care homes is an international phenomenon. Addressing dietary management of residents with obesity is a cause of debate and controversy. On one hand, the ‘obesity paradox’ suggests obesity protects against morbidity in frail older people. On the other hand, obesity reduces functional status and restricts activity for this group. This paper considers care home staff's experience and views of supporting dietary management and choice for residents with obesity within the context of this controversy.DesignIn this qualitative study, 33 staff from seven care homes in the North East England participated in focus groups, and data were analysed using Braun and Clarkes's (2006) six‐phase thematic analysis approach.FindingsFindings indicate that participants’ support of dietary management and choice for residents with obesity may be strongly influenced by the care home environment. Care priorities, dietary management approaches, care home life and family involvement in residents’ dietary intake facilitate and encourage weight gain, and as such, pose challenges for staff attempting to support weight management of residents with obesity.ConclusionFindings suggest that in the care home setting, nutrition policy, guidelines and service commissioning processes and staff nutrition education should include management of obesity. Furthermore, families should be supported to understand the implications of their own caring behaviours on residents’ nutritional status.
Counselling by general dental practitioners for coronectomy before referral – is it always appropriate?
Authors: Beaumont I. , Richards J.A. , Coyle M.J. , Finley B. , Beech A.N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsFor the general dental practitioner (GDP) coronectomy may be a treatment option that is discussed with a patient prior to referral to a specialist in primary or secondary care for management of problematic mandibular third molars. The purpose of this study was to examine the variance between coronectomy prescription between GDPs compared to specialist clinicians when assessing cases for coronectomy using plain view radiographs.MethodsAn online survey was completed by 50 GDPs across the UK. This survey had also been completed by 25 specialist oral and maxillofacial or oral surgery clinicians of varying levels of experience from six different units across the UK and the Republic of Ireland.ResultsResults were compared and, whilst agreement between GDPs was higher in coronectomies prescribed, there was a significantly larger number of coronectomies prescribed in the GDP group.ConclusionsThe increased number of coronectomies prescribed by the GDP group compared to the specialist group could reflect a lack of experience in the regular assessment of mandibular third molars or a clinician being more aware of the litigious climate of dentistry when based in primary dental care.
The evolution of pediatric sedation and anesthesia patient safety: An interview with Dr Charles J. “Charlie” Coté
Authors: Firth Paul G. , Mai Christine L. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe career of Dr Charles J. Coté covered a period of major advances in pediatric anesthesia patient safety. Dr Coté (1946 ‐‐), Professor Emeritus in Anaesthesia at Harvard Medical School, helped develop pediatric sedation guidelines, conducted influential clinical research, edited a major textbook, and promoted pediatric anesthesia training fellowships in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Based on a series of interviews with Dr Coté, this article reviews the career of this Robert M. Smith Award winner through the lens of improvements in pediatric sedation and anesthesia patient safety.
Moyamoya disease in children and its anesthetic implications: A review
Authors: Giustini Andrew J. , Stone Sarah A. , Ramamoorthy Chandra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMoyamoya disease is a rare, progressive cerebral vasculopathy which most commonly presents in the first and fourth decades of life. The mainstay of treatment is surgical revascularization; without treatment, most patients experience ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. This report reviews moyamoya disease, its associated conditions, surgical treatment techniques, and anesthetic management of patients with moyamoya disease.
High‐Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation at 10 kHz for the Treatment of Nonsurgical Refractory Back Pain: Design of a Pragmatic, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Patel Naresh , Calodney Aaron , Kapural Leonardo , Province‐Azalde Rose , Lad Shivanand P. , Pilitsis Julie , Wu Chengyuan , Cherry Taissa , Subbaroyan Jeyakumar , Gliner Bradford , Caraway David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been shown to provide pain relief for chronic back and leg pain due to failed back surgery syndrome. But many patients with chronic back pain have not had major back surgery or are not good candidates for surgery, and conventional medical management (CMM) provides limited relief. We have termed this condition nonsurgical refractory back pain (NSRBP). Level 1 evidence does not yet exist showing the therapeutic benefit of SCS for NSRBP.ObjectiveTo compare 10‐kHz SCS plus CMM (10‐kHz SCS + CMM) to CMM alone for treatment of NSRBP in terms of clinical and cost effectiveness.Study DesignMulticenter, randomized controlled trial (RCT), with subjects randomized 1:1 to either 10‐kHz SCS + CMM or CMM alone. Optional crossover occurs at 6 months if treatment does not achieve ≥50% pain relief.MethodsPatients with NSRBP as defined above may be enrolled if they are ineligible for surgery based on surgical consultation. Subjects randomized to 10‐kHz SCS + CMM will receive a permanent implant if sufficient pain relief is achieved in a temporary trial. Both groups will receive CMM per standard of care and will undergo assessments at baseline and at follow‐ups to 12 months. Self‐report outcomes include pain, disability, sleep, mental health, satisfaction, healthcare utilization, and quality of life.ResultsEnrollment was initiated on September 10, 2018. Prespecified independent interim analysis at 40% of the enrollment target indicated the sample size was sufficient to show superiority of treatment at the primary endpoint; therefore, enrollment was stopped at 211.ConclusionsThis large multicenter RCT will provide valuable evidence to guide clinical decisions in NSRBP.
The HY5 and MYB15 transcription factors positively regulate cold tolerance in tomato via the CBF pathway
Authors: Zhang Luyue , Jiang Xiaochun , Liu Qianying , Ahammed Golam Jalal , Lin Rui , Wang Lingyu , Shao Shujun , Yu Jingquan , Zhou Yanhong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe induction of C‐repeat binding factors (CBFs) is crucial for plant survival at low temperatures. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate CBF transcription is vital for the future development of crops with increased cold tolerance. Here, we provide evidence for the existence of a LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5)‐MYB15‐CBFs transcriptional cascade that plays a crucial role in the cold response in tomato. The exposure of tomato plants to cold (4°C) increased the levels of HY5, MYB15 and CBFs transcripts. Moreover, mutations in HY5 or MYB15 decreased the levels of CBF transcripts. In contrast, overexpression of HY5 or MYB15 increased CBF transcript abundance. Crucially, the HY5 transcription factor activated the expression of MYB15 by directly binding to the promoter region, while both HY5 and MYB15 activated the expression of CBF1, CBF2 and CBF3. Taken together, these data show that HY5 can directly regulate CBF transcript levels, and also influence CBF expression indirectly via MYB15. The coordinated action of HY5 and MYB15 allows precise regulation of CBF expression and subsequent cold tolerance. These findings provide an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms affording transcriptional regulation of CBFs, which can be exploited in the future to enhance cold tolerance in crops.
Anemia after kidney transplantation: Does its basis differ from anemia in chronic kidney disease?
Authors: Oruç Çiğdem , Canpolat Nur , Pehlivan Esra , Balcı Ekmekçi Özlem , Ağbaş Ayşe , Çalışkan Salim , Sever Fatma Lale 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough similar factors play a role in both PTA and anemia in patients with CKD, additional risk factors exist in the pathogenesis of PTA. The present study aimed at comparing anemia and inflammation‐related parameters between RTx recipients and CKD patients and elucidating the risk factors of PTA.MethodsThis single‐centered, cross‐sectional study consisted of 68 participants: 48 were in the RTx group and 20 were in the CKD group. The CKD patients were comparable to the RTx recipients in terms of age, gender, and eGFR. Serum levels of EPO, hepcidin, and IL‐6 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The ratio of EPO/Hb was calculated to estimate endogenous EPO resistance.ResultsThe prevalence of anemia was 46% in the RTx group and 30% in the CKD group (P = .23). RTx recipients had significantly lower Hb (P = .04), higher EPO (P < .001), and ferritin levels (P = .001), and higher EPO/Hb ratios (P < .001); however, CKD patients showed a higher frequency of absolute iron deficiency (P = .008). Neither hepcidin nor IL‐6 levels differed between the two groups. Hb level of RTx recipients was correlated with only eGFR (r = .437, P = .002) but not with any of the transplantation‐related factors, while Fe level was the only parameter to be correlated with Hb level of CKD patients (r = .622, P = .01).ConclusionIn the present study comparing GFR‐matched RTx and CKD patients, lower GFR level appears to be the factor most strongly associated with anemia, and endogenous EPO resistance is among the contributing factors to PTA.
Host‐parasite dynamics in Chagas disease from systemic to hyper‐local scales
Authors: Pérez‐Mazliah Damián , Ward Alexander I. , Lewis Michael D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi is a remarkably versatile parasite. It can parasitize almost any nucleated cell type and naturally infects hundreds of mammal species across much of the Americas. In humans, it is the cause of Chagas disease, a set of mainly chronic conditions predominantly affecting the heart and gastrointestinal tract, which can progress to become life threatening. Yet around two thirds of infected people are long‐term asymptomatic carriers. Clinical outcomes depend on many factors, but the central determinant is the nature of the host‐parasite interactions that play out over the years of chronic infection in diverse tissue environments. In this review, we aim to integrate recent developments in the understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of T. cruzi infections with established and emerging concepts in host immune responses in the corresponding phases and tissues.
Centralizing Government Communication? Evidence from Finland and Sweden
Authors: Johansson Karl Magnus , Raunio Tapio 
Published: August 2020

How governments manage their communication is one crucial indicator of the balance of power within the cabinet and inside the executive branch as a whole. Existing research offers few insights into the process by which governments come to choose one form of communication over another and about the factors driving centralization. This article addresses this gap through a comparison of two countries, Finland and Sweden, examining not only the organizational forms of government communication but also the causal mechanisms at work. Combining theoretical lessons from studies in political communication, political science, and public administration, it develops a centralization argument, focusing on the centripetal factors facilitating coordination and control. Drawing on over 40 interviews with journalists and political or media advisors in the two countries and on government documents, the article offers clear evidence of a trend toward centralization, particularly in Sweden. This trend should be understood as part of a broader process whereby prime ministers and their offices establish stronger control of the entire executive branch.Related ArticlesHankivsky, Olena. 2013. “Gender Mainstreaming: A Five‐Country Examination.” Politics & Policy 41 (5): 629‐655. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12037König, Pascal D., and Georg Wenzelburger. 2014. “Toward a Theory of Political Strategy in Policy Analysis.” Politics & Policy 42 (3): 400‐430. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12076Selling, Niels, and Stefan Svallfors. 2019. “The Lure of Power: Career Paths and Considerations among Policy Professionals in Sweden.” Politics & Policy 47 (5): 984‐1012. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12325