bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Other Roman Writers
Authors: Jillions John A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Other Roman writers add breadth to the range of attitudes toward divine guidance. Propertius became more pious toward the end of his life, but his early poems are cynical and depict Jupiter as self-centered, spiteful, and deaf to prayer. Even so he mentions numerous forms of divination: astrology, dreams, omens, necromancy, casting lots, throwing dice, offering incense at household shrines. Ovid prefers “simple truth” and rails against popular religion and morality in The Art of Love and Metamorphoses. Livy detested the immorality and cynicism of the new generation represented by Ovid and the Epicurean Petronius, who in Satyricon was biting in his mockery of merchant-class pieties. But in his History of Rome Livy believes more in the tradition of Rome than in poetic stories of divine guidance. Lucan too largely dismisses divine interventions in history yet has a warm attitude toward Delphi’s holiness and accessibility.
The Stoic Philosopher Posidonius
Authors: Jillions John A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Posidonius of Apamea (c. 135–c. 50/51 bce) was the thinker most influential in shaping the religious Stoicism that dominated the Greco-Roman world in the first century ce. He was a Greek philosopher teaching in Rome, and a mark of his influence was that his student Cicero later felt obliged to write a number of extended works debunking the thought of his teacher. Posidonius’s views were largely shaped by his reading of Plato (and to some extent Aristotle). His central affirmation is that communion and “sympathy” between the divine and created worlds is constant and permanent. This “cosmic sympathy” meant that any movement in one part of the universe affected others, like touching a cosmic mobile, thus making it possible to read divine signs in nature. Likewise, a spiritual force in every human soul—one’s daimon, like the famous daimon of Socrates—makes possible communion with the divine in numerous ways, especially through dreams.
The Jewish Community
Authors: Jillions John A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter introduces Jewish approaches to divine guidance. Corinth was a leading community of the Jewish diaspora and maintained close connections with Jews elsewhere, especially in Jerusalem and Rome. There was a variety of “Judaisms” in this period, but their common focus was on the written Torah and the oral tradition of interpretation. God’s guidance is therefore closely linked to the community’s understanding of how God speaks over time through the Hebrew Bible and the oral law. Most Jews did not see the scriptures as having a life independent of the community’s inspired guidance in the present. This allowed for a degree of fluidity and changing interpretation, as witnessed in the Greek Septuagint and the books of mixed canonical status that came to be known as the Apocrypha. Of these, Tobit, Judith, and Susanna give particular insight into Jewish understanding of divine guidance.
Epilogue
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This epilogue will highlight concerns that I and countless others have about where our nation is and is going regarding social justice. There is also a measure of hope by identifying the challenges before us, and identifying them is an essential step in addressing them as a profession. Only when there is a coming together of collective imagination with collective consciousness can we make significant progress as a nation and a profession. The nation is in the midst of a major political crisis that has immediate and far-reaching consequences for significant segments of its population, with consequences that will be felt worldwide and particularly in our own hemisphere. Questioning the legal system, including the legitimacy of judges when they do not agree with a presidential directive, is not your typical “law and order” stance in a democracy, but one more associated with totalitarian regimes.
Fatal Attraction
Authors: Furman Nelly 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Simply summarized the plot of Georges Bizet’s Carmen is that of a crime of passion. This banal plot does not by itself account for the extraordinary international success of the story in different media. The themes that explain the tragic end are imbedded in the libretto. Through a textual and structural analysis of the libretto, the themes of love, passion, gender, freedom, possessiveness, and responsibility, as well as the importance of language in human relations are given new emphasis. The chapter concludes with a discussion of personal trauma and political issues that may account for Georges Bizet’s interest in bringing this story to the operatic stage in 1870.
Social Geographies of Bombay’s Sex Trade, 1880–1920
Authors: Tambe Ashwini 
Published: February 2020

This chapter explores the relationship between spatial and social stratification in Bombay, focusing on the history of Kamathipura. With its heterogeneous racial makeup, this officially sanctioned red light zone was an exception to the orderly delineation of European and Indian spaces in the colonial city of Bombay. What did it mean that differently hailed social groups lived side by side in the same set of streets? Drawing on Jim Masselos’s call to examine, at a granular level, how social distinctions were drawn and maintained in proximity, this chapter focuses on struggles between Europeans and Indians to claim specific streets in Kamathipura. It recounts the history of migration of European and Indian sex workers and the conflicts that intensified in the early 1900s as the population of the city grew. It also reflects on how racial hierarchies were experienced by onlookers: even though Indian and European brothel workers lived side by side, social stratification was observed in ways that were felt deeply; class and caste enacted a clear grammar of difference. The story of how this part of Bombay emerged as the iconic center of its sex trade is a reminder of how intense social stratification can be experienced amidst the dense sharing of public space.
China’s Global Governance Interactions
Authors: Morton Katherine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In recent years the Chinese approach toward global governance has shifted beyond a traditional defensive stance and toward more active engagement. This new alignment in Chinese foreign policy suggests a growing confidence on the part of the CCP leadership in China’s domestic governing arrangements as well as its capacity to lead by example in international affairs. New shifts in Chinese discourses, diplomacy, and responses to key global challenges seem to reflect a new global leadership ambition on the part of the Xi Jinping administration. China’s deepening engagement in global governance is a reflection of its rising power and international status as well as a long-standing aspiration to contribute toward the making of international order on its own terms.
China’s Relations with Asia
Authors: Yahuda Michael 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
No region in the world is more important to China than Asia. The future of China’s diplomacy in the potentially volatile region of East Asia will involve a series of interrelated challenges. During the first decade of the twenty-first century, Beijing did well to manage these challenges, but entering the second decade its diplomacy has stumbled as its relations with several key players—most notably Japan, South Korea, and the United States—have all encountered new strains. China’s position in Southeast Asia is also mixed—it has cultivated a few client states (Cambodia and Myanmar), but its relations with the majority of Southeast Asian countries is mixed. Its position among the main southwest Pacific nations—Australia and New Zealand—is also mixed and strained. Similarly, Beijing has also encountered difficult relations with India and other South Asian states.
China’s Relations with Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East
Authors: Eisenman Joshua , Heginbotham Eric 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Over the last two decades, developing countries have become central to China’s increasingly ambitious foreign policy makers. This chapter begins by explaining China’s conceptualization of the developing world and its position in Beijing’s geostrategy. After describing the three characteristics of China’s approach—asymmetry, comprehensiveness, and its interlocking structure—the chapter then explains the various economic, political, and security policy tools that comprise it. China works to bring the separate strands of its foreign policy together in a comprehensive whole and to build synergies between component parts. Ultimately, the chapter concludes that Beijing’s primary objectives—regime survival and advancing China’s position in an increasingly multipolar world—are probably insufficient to engender widespread political support among developing countries for a China-led world order.
Introduction
Authors: Pitts Andrea J. , Medina José 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to the volume by outlining the structure of the collection, as well as the main content, themes, and approaches employed in the essays. The book is divided into the four following sections: “Decolonial Movidas: Gender, Community, and Liberation,” “Making Feminist Selves: Self-Authority, Affect, and Narrativity,” “Knowing Otherwise: Language, Translation, and Alternative Consciousness,” and “Aesthetic Longings: Latina Styles, Bodily Vulnerability, and Queer Desires.” Each section highlights a diverse range of issues and methods addressed by Latinx feminists, as well as an array of Latinx authors whose work has been pivotal in shaping the area of study.
Revisiting Gender
Authors: Lugones María 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter provides an analysis of the work of Rita Segato and María Lugones’s assessment of Segato’s approach to gender and questions of decoloniality. The chapter examines the concepts of “patriarchy” and “gender” from within several critical paradigms among communities of color, including, specifically, indigenous and Afro-descendant communities within Abya Yala (a Puna term for the geographic lands of the Americas). Lugones proposes that terms of analysis such as “patriarchy” and “gender” undermine the complexity of the relations of power constituted in and through coloniality, including specifically the racialization of gendered terms. European women were racialized, but colonized females were not. Retaining the use of gender as a category of analysis thereby leaves decolonial activists and scholars working toward coalitional struggle with indigenous and Afro-descedent communities unable to sufficiently affirm the embodied, erotic, intersubjective, and otherwise distinct modes of communal relations not bound by dimorphic gender categories that continue to exist among these communities. The conclusion of the chapter then traces Lugones’s contributions to decolonial feminism, responding to the concerns she raises in the previous sections.
Crossroads and In-Between Spaces
Authors: Schutte Ofelia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The essay focuses on Gloria Anzaldúa’s narrative of overcoming shame in Borderlands/La Frontera. It addresses the question of coming to terms with multiple conditions of oppression obstructing the creative agency of radical Latina subjects. The discussion occurs along two intersecting planes: (1) the existential question of self-knowledge as the self undergoes the difficult process of identifying and releasing the weight of past oppressions and (2) the situated character of Anzaldúa’s Chicana/Latina condition in light of the heteronormative and epistemic constraints she faces as a Latina writer whose work is intimately interlinked with her sense of self. Anzaldúa’s message of overcoming shame is shown to have some affinities with Friedrich Nietzsche’s reflections on freedom from shame as the ultimate seal of liberation. Considered as Anzaldúa’s companion in a journey in self-overcoming at the crossroads of indigenous and Chicana/Tejana cultures, her new mestiza takes on a new significance.
“Remaking Human Being”
Authors: Moya Paula M. L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In “Remaking Human Being,” the author enumerates the decolonial elements of Helena María Viramontes’s novel Their Dogs Come with Them to illustrate the importance of literature and literary criticism for a decolonial project. After defining decoloniality, the essay shows that Viramontes structures her narrative and personifies her characters to reveal the socioeconomic and ideological forces that keep Latinx and other people of color in conditions of subordination. Moreover, Viramontes’s pluralized and digressive narrative structure, together with a faithful witnessing of her characters’ daily actions and embodied subjectivities, demonstrates the importance for social justice projects of cultivating multiple and diverse perspectives on any given event. By enabling her characters—and her readers—to develop a kaleidoscopic consciousness, Viramontes effectively provides the imaginative resources to facilitate our ability to remake ourselves and their world(s) we share.
Latin America, Decoloniality, and Translation
Authors: Costa Claudia de Lima 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis chapter reflects on the feminist decolonial turn in Latin America by taking as its point of departure the debates on the coloniality of power and of gender. It analyzes how decolonial feminisms might unsettle hegemonic feminisms through the practice of translation—based not only on a linguistic paradigm, but more importantly, on an ontological one. In applying the notion of translation as equivocation, derived from Amerindian perspectivism, to discussions of the coloniality of gender, this chapter explores how some Latin American feminists were enacting a decolonial politics avant la lettre. It argues that translation becomes a key element in forging alternative feminist decolonial epistemologies, as well as a practice enabling partial connections among the various feminist formations in the Americas.
Vulnerable Bodies
Authors: Minich Julie Avril 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This essay examines how the Chicana feminist muralist Juana Alicia fosters environmental justice activism that values vulnerable lives in her two most famous murals, both painted at Twenty-Fourth and York Streets in San Francisco’s Mission District: Las Lechugueras (1983) and La Llorona’s Sacred Waters (2004). It explores how Juana Alicia gives visual form to an environmental ethics that prompts a politics of inclusion, equitable resource distribution, and bodily diversity. Juana Alicia’s murals remind us what antiracist, feminist, disability, environmental, and other social justice movements share: an investment in radical interdependence between different kinds of bodies and beings. They depict disabilities created by environmental hazards (including pollution, pesticide poisoning, and the privatization of water) without reducing disability to tragedy, prompting viewers to envision a world in which working-class communities of color are not forced to bear the brunt of environmental risk.
Introduction
Authors: Cubitt Sean 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Introduction introduces the concept of ecocritique as a radical form of environmentalism and ties it to the anecdote, where human and ecological forces combine to produce a unique event, whose telling is also an event. It establishes the idea of encounter between historical and natural agencies, and among teller, telling, and audience, lodging the claim that anecdotal evidence provides a key technique in the task of the humanities: to judge between the claims of different forms of the Good. It argues for the value of treating popular media as anecdotes, and asks how encounters might be possible in the age of digital distribution.
Rango and Appearance
Authors: Cubitt Sean 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Gore Verbinski’s computer-animated feature film Rango (2011) uses CGI (computer-generated imagery) to tell the story of a chameleon in the Wild West who learns to become a hero: a common narrative arc. The film also deals with drought. The relation between performance and self-presentation of its animated characters, Rango who pretends to be a hero, and Beans who suffers from spells when she is paralysed and mentally absent, poses ethical questions about the audience’s obligations to the characters. In the narrative, water has become a form of money, and the community is held in debt. The chapter establishes a major theme: the distinction between financial debt and moral obligation, against the background of Rango’s story, the search for someone to be.
Becoming Human
Authors: Cubitt Sean 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Iron Man 2 (John Favreau, 2010) focuses on a man isolated from his environment by a protective suit, and from his friends, family, and romantic interest by the conviction that he is dying as a result of the suit itself. While Tony Stark performs the role of billionaire playboy, Iron Man perceives the world in a doubled form, as perspectival image and as data diagrams in his heads-up display. The chapter gives a brief history of data visualisation, the most important visual language since perspective and now more dominant, to seek out the difficulty of being human in isolation, and at a moment when regimes for understanding the world are in flux. The chapter includes a discussion of the fictional inventor as a paragon of a mythical form of labour, and traces his construction to a new version of Hegel’s master-slave dialectic, engaging Stark in competition with his AI.
Otherwise than Human
Authors: Cubitt Sean 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Oblivion (Joseph Kosinski, 2013) is the story of a clone haunted by memories of a previous existence. In the opening sequence, this ambivalent existence is echoed in the mix of digital and physical effects. Discussion of this ambivalence leads into an analysis of nonidentity versus identity, especially in a critical sequence in which clone Jack watches and is observed by a fish. Themes of individualism raised in the chapter on Iron Man return here in more complex form as Jack oscillates among individuality, fidelity to a model, and species-being. This is the third film in a row which raises issues of debt and obligation through the trope of a character who is dead, dying, or reborn, a theme of posthumous existence in this case posed as the only alternative to an absent community.
Posthumous Media
Authors: Cubitt Sean 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The coincidence of the departure of the two Voyager spacecraft from the solar system with the Global Financial Crisis brought their mission and associated media back into prominence. The animations made by James Blinn, Charles Kohlhase, and colleagues at the time of their launches and the golden discs designed by Carl Sagan to carry sounds and images of Earth on a flight that will not conclude for a million years gives a new perspective on the idea of the posthumous. Drawing together themes of coded irreality, melancholia, obligation and debt, redemption, and the subjunctive mode of anecdotes, this chapter demonstrates how the critical moments observed in each of the previous films can be assembled into a collective vision of a period in history.
Anglo Nostalgia
Authors: Campanella Edoardo , Dassù Marta 
Published: February 2020

Nostalgia has become a major force in global politics. While Donald Trump hopes to ‘make America great again’, Xi Jinping calls for a ‘great rejuvenation of the Chinese people’, and a majority of Russians still mourn the Soviet Union. But it is Brexit, with its idealization of a bygone era of full sovereignty, that epitomizes nostalgic nationalism in its purest form. Despite its romantic flavor, nostalgia is a malaise—a combination of paranoia and melancholy that idealizes the past, while denigrating the present. This epidemic of mythicizing national history is shaping politics in risky ways, fueled by ageing populations, shifts in the global order, and technological disruption. When deployed in the political debate, collective nostalgia is used as an emotional weapon, capable of mobilizing a nation towards illusory goals. Drawing on psychology, political science, history and popular culture, Anglo Nostalgia analyses the rapid spread of this global phenomenon, before focusing on Brexit as a case study. With the detachment of informed outsiders, Campanella and Dassù expose nostalgia’s great danger: the oversimplification of reality, leading to unprecedented political miscalculations and rising geopolitical tensions.
Imperialism and the Developing World
Authors: Kohli Atul 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This book is a study of the causes and the consequences of modern imperialism, with a focus on British and US imperialism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, respectively. It analyzes the dynamics of both formal and informal empires. It shows that, time and again, the pursuit of national economic prosperity led hegemonic powers to expand into peripheral areas of the world. Limiting the sovereignty of states on the periphery was the main method of ensuring that peripheral economies stayed open and accessible to Anglo-American economic interests. Loss of sovereignty, however, greatly hurt the life chances of people living in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America. Sovereign states may not be sufficient to facilitate economic progress, but sovereignty is a precondition for the emergence of effective states. Effective states, in turn, are necessary to propel countries toward prosperous industrial societies. Some exceptions notwithstanding, imperialism—both formal and informal—has thus repeatedly undermined the prospects of steady economic progress in the global periphery.
Varieties of Colonialism
Authors: Kohli Atul 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
British colonialism in India was prolonged and deep. By contrast, British rule in Africa, including in Nigeria, was relatively short and superficial. This chapter analyzes the motives, mechanisms, and impact of British colonialism by comparing these two experiences. The economic importance of India to Britain was far greater than that of Nigeria. Crown rule over India was established with brutal force and sustained via despotic institutions of rule. The Scramble for Africa was sparked by growing competition among European powers, but the economic context was also important. The British left behind moderately well-functioning state institutions in India but an impoverished economy, in which the life expectancy of an average Indian was thirty-two years. In Nigeria both the state and the economy that the British left behind were seriously underdeveloped.
The King and the People
Authors: Kaicker Abhishek 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An unprecedented exploration of the relationship between the Mughal emperor and his subjects in the space of the Mughal empire’s capital, The King and The People overturns an axiomatic assumption in the history of premodern South Asia: that the urban masses were merely passive objects of rule and remained unable to express collective political aspirations until the coming of colonialism. Set in the Mughal capital of Shahjahanabad (Delhi) from its founding to Nadir Shah’s devastating invasion of 1739, this book instead shows how the trends and events in the second half of the seventeenth century inadvertently set the stage for the emergence of the people as actors in a regime which saw them only as the ruled.