bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term changes in left and right systolic function following ferric carboxymaltose: a substudy of the Myocardial‐IRON trial
Authors: Santas Enrique , Miñana Gema , Cardells Ingrid , Palau Patricia , Llàcer Pau , Fácila Lorenzo , Almenar Luis , López‐Lereu Maria P. , Monmeneu Jose V. , Sanchis Juan , Maceira Alicia M. , Bayés‐Genís Antoni , Núñez Julio ,   Myocardial‐IRON Investigators
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsThe mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in patients with heart failure (HF) and iron deficiency (ID) have not been completely characterized. The Myocardial‐IRON trial was a double‐blind, randomized trial that evaluated myocardial iron repletion following FCM vs. placebo in 53 patients with HF and ID. In this post hoc analysis, we evaluated whether treatment with FCM was associated with cardiac magnetic resonance changes in left and right ventricular function (LVEF and RVEF, respectively) at different points of systolic dysfunction.Methods and resultsWe included patients from the Myocardial‐IRON trial with left and right ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD and RVSD, respectively) at enrolment. Linear mixed regression models were used to evaluate changes at 7 and 30 days on LVEF and RVEF at cardiac magnetic resonance. At enrolment, 27 (50.9%) and 38 (71.7%) patients had LVEF < 40% (LVSD1) or <45% (LVSD2), respectively, and 10 (18.9%) and 17 (32.1%) patients had RVEF < 45% (RVSD1) or <51% in women and <52% in men (RVSD2), respectively. Treatment with FCM was associated with a significant improvement in LVEF at 30 days (LVSD1: Δ2.3%, P < 0.001; LVSD2: Δ4.1, P = 0.014). FCM was also associated with a significant and early improvement in RVEF at 7 days (RVSD1: Δ6.9%, P = 0.003; RVSD2: Δ3.2%, P = 0.003) that persisted at 30 days (RVSD1: Δ8.1%, P < 0.001; RVSD2: Δ4.7%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn patients with HF and systolic dysfunction with ID, FCM was associated with short‐term improvement in LVEF and, especially, in RVEF.
Odd man out for everyone: The justification of ostracism to maximize the whole group’s benefits
Authors: Tamai Ryuichi , Igarashi Tasuku 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOstracism presents a paradox: ostracizing a member from a group has been considered anti‐normative yet has been applied in many societies. This study attempts to resolve this paradox through the idea that people ostracize an individual to maximize benefits to the whole group. A paired‐comparison paradigm was developed that forced participants to choose a target of ostracism from one of two members who provided different amounts of benefits to the other members. Participants then rated the degree of psychological pain caused by ostracizing. Four experiments revealed that participants tended to choose to ostracize a benefactor (who provided benefits only to the participant) rather than a utilitarian (who maximized the benefits to the whole group). Participants felt the strongest psychological pain when ostracizing a utilitarian rather than a benefactor.
Least‐squares finite element analysis of three‐dimensional natural convection of generalized Newtonian fluids
Authors: Kim Namhee , Reddy J. N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA mixed least‐squares finite element model with spectral/hp approximations was developed to analyze a three‐dimensional natural convection of non‐Newtonian fluid, which obeys the Carreau–Yasuda constitutive model. The finite element model consists of velocity, pressure, stress, temperature, and heat flux as the field variables. The least‐squares formulation provides a variational framework for the Navier–Stokes equations and no compatibility of the approximation spaces for field variables is imposed. Also, the use of spectral/hp elements in conjunction with the least‐squares formulation alleviates various forms of locking which often appear in low‐order least‐squares finite element models for incompressible viscous flows and yields accurate results with exponential convergence. To verify and validate the code for Newtonian fluids, the current results are compared with the numerical and experimental results in the literature. Then, the parametric effects of the Carreau–Yasuda model on the flow characteristics are studied.
Forming relationships through group art‐making: An exploration with neurodivergent people living in regional Australia
Authors: Gentle Emma , O’Brien Patricia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIssues AddressedNeurodivergent people have a strong history of raw creative expression in the arts, however they also have a history of being segregated from society. This segregation has obstructed pathways to building the connections that maintain both mental and physical health. This research sought to illuminate how group art‐making impacts relationship formation with neurodivergent people in regional Australia.MethodThe study included nine participants with intellectual disability and one with an acquired brain injury who regularly attend art‐making workshops, along with eight of their chosen arts advocates. A single iterative case‐study design was employed using participatory action research (PAR) methodology. Methods included: three participant think aloud (T/A) groups, nine researcher observations, and nine third‐party interviews. The data were thematically analysed then triangulated using three different sources.ResultsMaking art in a group can form enriched relationships with (a) the artwork; (b) the self; (c) others; and (d) community. Facilitation supported how these relationships formed. The relationships increased agency, belonging and wellbeing.ConclusionThese connections mitigate the numerous effects of marginalisation. Art‐making has the capacity to enrich the health and wellbeing of neurodivergent populations.So What?Art‐making groups can provide a space that interrupts the isolation and social exclusion experienced by neurodivergent people. Art workshops offer both an emancipatory space to create where sense of self and relationships with others are enhanced, and an opportunity to reach beyond the studio to connect with communities. These rich connections contribute to better health outcomes for neurodivergent people, thus enhance the wellbeing of their communities.
The impact of changing subcanopy radiation on snowmelt in a disturbed coniferous forest
Authors: Hotovy Ondrej , Jenicek Michal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the role of forests on snowmelt processes enables better estimates of snow storages at a catchment scale and contributes to a higher accuracy of spring flood forecasting. A coniferous forest modifies the snowpack energy balance by reducing the total amount of solar shortwave radiation (SWR) and enhancing the role of longwave radiation (LWR) emitted by trees. This study focuses on changes in SWR and LWR at three sites with different canopy structure (Bohemian Forest, Czechia), including one site affected by the bark beetle (Ips typographus). Measurements of incoming and outgoing SWR and LWR were performed at all sites equipped with CNR4 Net Radiometers for three cold seasons. In addition to SWR and LWR, sensible and latent heat, and ground heat and energy supplied by liquid precipitation were calculated. The results showed that net SWR at the healthy forest site represented only 7% of the amount at the open site due to the shading effect of trees. In contrast, net LWR represented a positive component of the snowpack energy balance at the healthy forest site and thus contributed the most to snowmelt. However, the modelled snowmelt rates were significantly lower in the forest than in the open area since the higher LWR in the forest did not compensated for the lower SWR. The progressive decay of disturbed forest caused the decrease in mean net LWR from −3.1 W/m2 to −12.9 W/m2 and the increase in mean net SWR from 31.6 W/m2 to 96.2 W/m2 during the study period. These changes caused an increase in modelled snowmelt rates by 50% in the disturbed forest, compared to the healthy forest site, during the study period. Our findings have important implications for runoff from areas affected by land cover changes due to either human activity or climate change.
Seasonal snow cover decreases young water fractions in high Alpine catchments
Authors: Ceperley Natalie , Zuecco Giulia , Beria Harsh , Carturan Luca , Michelon Anthony , Penna Daniele , Larsen Joshua , Schaefli Bettina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEstimation of young water fractions (Fyw), defined as the fraction of water in a stream younger than approximately 2–3 months, provides key information for water resource management in catchments where runoff is dominated by snowmelt. Knowing the average dependence of summer flow on winter precipitation is an essential context for comparing regional drought severity and provides the hydrological template for downstream water users and ecosystems. However, Fyw estimation based on seasonal signals of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen has not yet explicitly addressed how to parsimoniously include the seasonal shift of water input from snow. Using experimental data from three high‐elevation, Alpine catchments (one dominated by glacier and two by snow), we propose a framework to explicitly include the delays induced by snow storage into estimates of Fyw. Scrutinizing the key methodological choices when estimating Fyw from isotope data, we find that the methods used to construct precipitation input signals from sparse isotope samples can significantly impact Fyw. Given this sensitivity, our revised procedure estimates a distribution of Fyw values that incorporates a wide range of possible methodological choices and their uncertainties; it furthermore compares the commonly used amplitude ratio approach to a direct convolution approach, which circumvents the assumption that the isotopic signals have a sine curve shape, an assumption that is generally violated in snow‐dominated environments. Our new estimates confirm that high‐elevation Alpine catchments have low Fyw values, spanning from 8 to 11%. Such low values have previously been interpreted as the impact of seasonal snow storage alone, but our comparison of different Fyw estimation methods suggests that these low Fyw values result from a combination of both snow cover effects and longer storage in the subsurface. In contrast, in the highest elevation, glacier dominated catchment, Fyw is 3–4 times greater compared to the other two catchments, due to the lower storage and faster drainage processes. A future challenge, capturing spatio‐temporal snowmelt isotope signals during winter baseflow and the snowmelt period, remains to improve constraints on the Fyw estimation technique.
Comment on “Overland runoff erosion dynamics on steep slopes with forages under field simulated rainfall and inflow by C. Li and C. Pan”
Authors: Ferro Vito 
Published: October 2020

AbstractManaging sloping landscapes to control soil erosion processes due to rainfall and runoff is a relevant problem, especially when the vegetation is absent or sparse. The aim of this paper was to investigate the applicability of a theoretically resistance law for overland flow under simulated rainfall, based on a power‐velocity profile, using field measurements carried out by Li and Pan for three plots with planted forage species (Astragalus adsurgens, Medicago sativa and Cosmos bipinnatus).The relationship between the velocity profile parameter Γ, the flow Froude number and the rain Reynolds number was calibrated using the data by Li and Pan. The obtained overland flow resistance law was also verified by independent field measurements carried out by Li and Pan in the same plots with the same forage species subjected to three different treatments (intact grass control IG, no litter or leaves NLL (only the grass stems and roots were reserved) and only roots remaining OR).The theoretical approach and the measurements carried out in the investigated conditions allowed to state that a) the Darcy‐Weisbach friction factor can be accurately estimated using the proposed theoretical approach, b) the Darcy‐Weisbach friction factor varies with rainfall intensity and c) for the investigated forage species, the vegetation treatment (IG, NLL, OR) does not significantly affect the flow resistance in laminar regime.
Land‐use dominates climate controls on nitrogen and phosphorus export from managed and natural Nordic headwater catchments
Authors: de Wit Heleen A. , Lepistö Ahti , Marttila Hannu , Wenng Hannah , Bechmann Marianne , Blicher‐Mathiesen Gitte , Eklöf Karin , N. Futter Martyn , Kortelainen Pirkko , Kronvang Brian , Kyllmar Katarina , Rakovic Jelena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAgricultural, forestry‐impacted and natural catchments are all vectors of nutrient loading in the Nordic countries. Here, we present concentrations and fluxes of total nitrogen (totN) and phosphorus (totP) from 69 Nordic headwater catchments (Denmark: 12, Finland:18, Norway:17, Sweden:22) between 2000 and 2018. Catchments span the range of Nordic climatic and environmental conditions and include natural sites and sites impacted by agricultural and forest management. Concentrations and fluxes of totN and totP were highest in agricultural catchments, intermediate in forestry‐impacted and lowest in natural catchments, and were positively related %agricultural land cover and summer temperature. Summer temperature may be a proxy for terrestrial productivity, while %agricultural land cover might be a proxy for catchment nutrient inputs. A regional trend analysis showed significant declines in N concentrations and export across agricultural (−15 μg totN L−1 year−1) and natural (−0.4 μg NO3‐N L−1 year−1) catchments, but individual sites displayed few long‐term trends in concentrations (totN: 22%, totP: 25%) or export (totN: 6%, totP: 9%). Forestry‐impacted sites had a significant decline in totP (−0.1 μg P L−1 year−1). A small but significant increase in totP fluxes (+0.4 kg P km−2 year−1) from agricultural catchments was found, and countries showed contrasting patterns. Trends in annual concentrations and fluxes of totP and totN could not be explained in a straightforward way by changes in runoff or climate. Explanations for the totN decline include national mitigation measures in agriculture international policy to reduced air pollution and, possibly, large‐scale increases in forest growth. Mitigation to reduce phosphorus appears to be more challenging than for nitrogen. If the green shift entails intensification of agricultural and forest production, new challenges for protection of water quality will emerge possible exacerbated by climate change. Further analysis of headwater totN and totP export should include seasonal trends, aquatic nutrient species and a focus on catchment nutrient inputs.
The estradiol/oocyte ratio predicts the MII oocyte rate, but not live‐birth rate in a depot gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist long protocol
Authors: Ai Jihui , Jin Lei , Zheng Yu , Gong Jingji , Chen Biao , Dong Xiyuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether the estradiol/oocyte ratio (E2/O) can predict ovarian response and pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study on 1838 individuals undergoing in vitro fertilization with a depot gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRH‐a) long protocol. The patients were grouped by the quartiles of E2/O: <131.2, 131.2–178.0, 178.0–242.9, and >242.9 pg/mL. ANOVA and χ2 test with the Bonferroni adjustment were used for statistical analysis.ResultsWith the rise of E2/O, the MII oocyte rate increased, whereas the number of oocytes retrieved decreased. The number of MII oocytes, fertilization rate, and the number of high‐grade embryos were similar among the four groups. There were no differences in live‐birth rate, clinical pregnancy rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, and miscarriage rate, but there was a trend towards a higher miscarriage rate in the patients with E2/O between 131.2 and 242.9 pg/mL.ConclusionE2/O indicates the percentage of MII oocytes, but not the quality of an individual follicle. E2/O does not predict live birth in a depot GnRH‐a long protocol; however, there is a trend towards a higher risk for miscarriage in the patients with E2/O between 131.2 and 242.9 pg/mL.
Impact of mode of delivery on perinatal outcome in moderately and late preterm twin birth
Authors: Ylilehto Elina , Palomäki Outi , Korhonen Päivi , Huhtala Heini , Uotila Jukka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the impact of the mode of delivery on neonatal and maternal outcomes in moderately and late preterm twin birth.MethodsThis single‐center cohort study included 275 live diamniotic moderately and late preterm twin deliveries at 32+0–36+6 weeks of gestation. These twin deliveries were divided into two groups according to the planned mode of delivery: trial of labor (TOL) (N=199, 72.4%) and planned cesarean section (CS) (N=76, 27.6%). The primary outcome was neonatal morbidity. Maternal outcome and the effects of gestational age and chorionicity on neonatal outcome were also studied.ResultsOf the women in the TOL group, 170 (85.4%) delivered vaginally. Both for the first and second twin, and for dichorionic or monochorionic deliveries, there were no differences between the TOL and CS groups in composite neonatal morbidity or in other neonatal outcomes. No significant differences were found between the TOL and CS groups when the moderately and late preterm gestational age cohorts were studied separately. Mothers in the planned CS group more often had puerperal infection and surgical complications in comparison with mothers in the TOL group.ConclusionAmong 275 moderately and late preterm twin deliveries, planned mode of delivery did not affect neonatal outcome.
Using benchmark dose modeling for the quantitative risk assessment: Carbon nanotubes, asbestos, glyphosate
Authors: Korchevskiy Andrey 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBenchmark dose method is one of the most famous quantitative approaches available for toxicological risks prediction. However, it is not fully clear how occupational health professionals can use it for specific workplace scenarios requiring carcinogen risk assessment. The paper explores the hypothesis that benchmark dose method allows to effectively approximate dose–response data on carcinogenic response, providing reasonable estimations of risks in the situations when a choice between more complex models is not warranted for practical purposes. Three case studies were analyzed for the agents with different levels of scientific confidence in human carcinogenicity: carbon nanotubes, amosite asbestos, and glyphosate. For each agent, a critical study was determined, and a dose–response slope factor was quantified, based on the weighted average lower bound benchmark dose. The linear slope factors of 0.111 lifetime excess cases of lung carcinoma per mg/m3 of MWCNT‐7 (in rats exposure equivalent), 0.009 cases of mesothelioma per f/cc‐years of cumulative exposure to amosite asbestos, and 0.000094 cases of malignant lymphoma per mg/kg/day of glyphosate (in mice equivalent) were determined. The correlations between the proposed linear predictive models and observed data points were R = 0.96 (R2 = 0.92) for carbon nanotubes, R = 0.97 (R2 = 0.95) for amosite asbestos, and R = 0.89 (R2 = 0.79) for glyphosate. In all three cases, the linear extrapolation yielded comparable level of risk estimations with the “best fit” nonlinear model; for nanoparticles and amosite asbestos, linear estimations were more conservative. By performing a simulation study, it was demonstrated that a weighted average benchmark dose expressed the highest correlation with multistage and quantal‐linear models.
Optimization of spatial resolution and scattering effects for biomedical fluorescence imaging by using sub‐regions of the shortwave infrared spectrum
Authors: Musnier Benjamin , Henry Maxime , Vollaire Julien , Coll Jean‐Luc , Usson Yves , Josserand Véronique , Le Guével Xavier 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe evaluated the impact of light‐scattering effects on spatial resolution in different shortwave infrared (SWIR) sub‐regions by analyzing two SWIR emissive phantoms made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) composite covered with mice skin, or capillary tubes filled with Au NCs or IRDye 800CW at different depth in intralipids and finally, after administration of the Au NCs intravenously in mice. Our findings highlighted the benefit of working at the highest tested spectral range of the SWIR region with a 50% enhancement of spatial resolution measured in artificial model when moving from NIR‐II (1000‐1300 nm) to NIR‐IIa (1300‐1450 nm) region, and a 25% reduction of the scattering from the skin determined by point spread function analysis from the NIR‐II to NIR‐IIb region (1500‐1700 nm). We also confirmed that a series of Monte Carlo restoration of images significantly improved the spatial resolution in vivo in mice in deep tissues both in the NIR‐II and NIR‐IIa spectral windows.
Characterization of chondroitinase‐induced lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in a sheep model intended for assessing biomaterials
Authors: Borem Ryan , Walters Joshua , Madeline Allison , Madeline Lee , Gill Sanjitpal , Easley Jeremiah , Mercuri Jeremy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) leads to structural and functional changes. Biomaterials for restoring IVD function and promoting regeneration are currently being investigated; however, such approaches require validation using animal models that recapitulate clinical, biochemical, and biomechanical hallmarks of the human pathology. Herein, we comprehensively characterized a sheep model of chondroitinase‐ABC (ChABC) induced IVDD. Briefly, ChABC (1 U) was injected into the L1/2, L2/3, and L3/4 IVDs. Degeneration was assessed via longitudinal magnetic resonance (MR) and radiographic imaging. Additionally, kinematic, biochemical, and histological analyses were performed on explanted functional spinal units (FSUs). At 17‐weeks, ChABC treated IVDs demonstrated significant reductions in MR index (p = 0.030) and disc height (p = 0.009) compared with pre‐operative values. Additionally, ChABC treated IVDs exhibited significantly increased creep displacement (p = 0.004) and axial range of motion (p = 0.007) concomitant with significant decreases in tensile (p = 0.034) and torsional (p = 0.021) stiffnesses and long‐term viscoelastic properties (p = 0.016). ChABC treated IVDs also exhibited a significant decrease in NP glycosaminoglycan: hydroxyproline ratio (p = 0.002) and changes in microarchitecture, particularly in the NP and endplates, compared with uninjured IVDs. Taken together, this study demonstrated that intradiscal injection of ChABC induces significant degeneration in sheep lumbar IVDs and the potential for using this model in evaluating biomaterials for IVD repair, regeneration, or fusion.