bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Role of Media Sources on COVID-19–Related Discrimination Experiences and Concerns Among Asian People in the United States: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Yu Nan , Pan Shuya , Yang Chia-chen , Tsai Jiun-Yi 
Published: October 2020

Background
Media coverage and scholarly research have reported that Asian people who reside in the United States have been the targets of racially motivated incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective
This study aimed to examine the types of discrimination and worries experienced by Asians and Asian Americans living in the United States during the pandemic, as well as factors that were associated with everyday discrimination experience and concerns about future discrimination that the Asian community may face.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. A total of 235 people who identified themselves as Asian or Asian American and resided in the United States completed the questionnaire.

Results
Our study suggested that up to a third of Asians surveyed had experienced some type of discrimination. Pooling the responses “very often,” “often,” and “sometimes,” the percentages for each experienced discrimination type ranged between 14%-34%. In total, 49%-58% of respondents expressed concerns about discrimination in the future. The most frequently experienced discrimination types, as indicated by responses “very often” and “often,” were “people act as if they think you are dangerous” (25/235, 11%) and “being treated with less courtesy or respect” (24/235, 10%). About 14% (32/235) of individuals reported very often, often, or sometimes being threatened or harassed. In addition, social media use was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing discrimination (β=.18, P=.01) and having concerns about future episodes of discrimination the community may face (β=.20, P=.005). Use of print media was also positively associated with experiencing discrimination (β=.31, P<.001).

Conclusions
Our study provided important empirical evidence regarding the various types of discrimination Asians residing in the United States experienced or worried about during the COVID-19 pandemic. The relationship between media sources and the perception of racial biases in this group was also identified. We noted the role of social media in reinforcing the perception of discrimination experience and concerns about future discrimination among Asians during this outbreak. Our results indicate several practical implications for public health agencies. To reduce discrimination against Asians during the pandemic, official sources and public health professionals should be cognizant of the possible impacts of stigmatizing cues in media reports on activating racial biases. Furthermore, Asians or Asian Americans could also be informed that using social media to obtain COVID-19 information is associated with an increase in concerns about future discrimination, and thus they may consider approaching this media source with caution.
Design Features for Improving Mobile Health Intervention User Engagement: Systematic Review and Thematic Analysis
Authors: Wei Yanxia , Zheng Pinpin , Deng Hui , Wang Xihui , Li Xiaomei , Fu Hua 
Published: October 2020

Background
Well-designed mobile health (mHealth) interventions support a positive user experience; however, a high rate of disengagement has been reported as a common concern regarding mHealth interventions. To address this issue, it is necessary to summarize the design features that improve user engagement based on research over the past 10 years, during which time the popularity of mHealth interventions has rapidly increased due to the use of smartphones.

Objective
The aim of this review was to answer the question “Which design features improve user engagement with mHealth interventions?” by summarizing published literature with the purpose of guiding the design of future mHealth interventions.

Methods
This review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist. Databases, namely, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid EMBASE, and Ovid PsycINFO, were searched for English and Chinese language papers published from January 2009 to June 2019. Thematic analysis was undertaken to assess the design features in eligible studies. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess study quality.

Results
A total of 35 articles were included. The investigated mHealth interventions were mainly used in unhealthy lifestyle (n=17) and chronic disease (n=10) prevention programs. Mobile phone apps (n=24) were the most common delivery method. Qualitative (n=22) and mixed methods (n=9) designs were widely represented. We identified the following 7 themes that influenced user engagement: personalization (n=29), reinforcement (n=23), communication (n=20), navigation (n=17), credibility (n=16), message presentation (n=16), and interface aesthetics (n=7). A checklist was developed that contained these 7 design features and 29 corresponding specific implementations derived from the studies.

Conclusions
This systematic review and thematic synthesis identified useful design features that make an mHealth intervention more user friendly. We generated a checklist with evidence-based items to enable developers to use our findings easily. Future evaluations should use more robust quantitative approaches to elucidate the relationships between design features and user engagement.
Mobile Phone Apps in Australia for Improving Pregnancy Outcomes: Systematic Search on App Stores
Authors: Musgrave Loretta M , Kizirian Nathalie V , Homer Caroline S E , Gordon Adrienne 
Published: October 2020

Background
Women are increasingly turning to mobile health platforms to receive health information and support in pregnancy, yet the content of these platforms vary. Although there is great potential to influence health behaviors, little research has assessed the quality of these platforms or their ability to change behavior. In recent years, validated tools to assess app quality have become available.

Objective
To identify and assess the quality and ongoing popularity of the top 10 freely available pregnancy apps in Australia using validated tools.

Methods
A systematic search on app stores to identify apps was performed. A Google Play search used subject terms pregnancy, parenting, and childbirth; the iTunes search used alternative categories medical and health and fitness. The top 250 apps from each store were cross-referenced, and the top 100 found in both Google Play and iTunes were screened for eligibility. Apps that provided health information or advice for pregnancy were included. Excluded apps focused on nonhealth information (eg, baby names). The top 10 pregnancy apps were assessed using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). A comparative analysis was conducted at 2 time points over 2 years to assess the ongoing popularity of the apps. The MARS score was compared to the download and star rating data collected from iTunes and Google Play in 2017 and 2019. Health behaviors including breastfeeding, healthy pregnancy weight, and maternal awareness of fetal movements were reviewed for apparent impact on the user’s knowledge, attitudes, and behavior change intentions using the MARS perceived impact section and the Coventry, Aberdeen, and London—Refined (CALO-RE) taxonomy.

Results
A total of 2052 free apps were screened for eligibility, 1397 were excluded, and 655 were reviewed and scored. The top 10 apps were selected using download numbers and star ratings. All 10 apps were suboptimal in quality, practicality, and functionality. It was not possible to identify a primary purpose for all apps, and there was overlap in purpose for many. The mean overall MARS app quality score across all 10 apps was 3.01 (range 1.97-4.40) in 2017 and 3.40 (range 2.27-4.44) in 2019. A minority of apps scored well for perceived impact on health behavior using the MARS tool. Using the CALO-RE 40 item taxonomy, the number of behavior change techniques used was low. The mean number of behavior change techniques for breastfeeding was 5 (range 2-11), for pregnancy weight was 4 (range 2-12), and for maternal awareness of fetal movements was 5 (range 2-8).

Conclusions
This review provides valuable information to clinicians and consumers about the quality of apps currently available for pregnancy in Australia. Consideration is needed regarding the regulation of information and the potential opportunity to incorporate behavior change techniques to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
Tindak Tutur Ilokusi Pada Iklan Fair and Lovely di Televisi
Authors: Sikana Arina Mana , Linda Fadillah Rahmadani 
Published: October 2020

Iklan merupakan salah satu inovasi yang dilakukan produsen dalam memasarkan suatu produk atau jasa yang ada. Salah satu karakteristik dari bahasa iklan ialah persuasif. Adanya bahasa iklan yang persuasif dan mampu menarik konsumen terhadap produk atau jasa yang dipasarkan tidak luput dari peran tindak tutur yang digunakan oleh produsen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk tindak tutur ilokusi yang ada pada iklan produk kecantikan Fair and Lovely. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif berupa tuturan kata dan kalimat pada iklan Fair and Lovely dengan menggunakan teknik rekam, simak, dan catat. Penggunaan analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis interaktif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat lima wujud tindak tutur ilokusi pada iklan produk kecantikan Fair and Lovely, yaitu tindak tutur ilokusi asertif sejumlah tiga data, tindak tutur ilokusi direktif terdapat empat data, tindak tutur ilokusi komisif terdiri empat data, tindak tutur ilokusi ekspresif terdapat satu data, dan tindak tutur ilokusi deklaratif sejumlah satu data.
Review on Antityrosinase Activity of Some Indian Medicinal Plants and their Phytoconstituents
Authors: Gupta Ruchi , Saxena Rajiv , Patidar Archana , Chourasiya Yashu , Malviya Neelesh 
Published: October 2020

Tyrosinase (polyphenolic oxidase) is a multifunctional and copper containing enzyme. Tyrosinase is an enzyme which is responsible for melanin biosynthesis which is responsible for color of the skin. Melanin is synthesised in melanocyte cells by melanogenesis process. Melanogenesis protects skin surface from harmful ultraviolet radiations. Melanin is mainly synthesized in plants, micro organisms and mammalian cells. Melanin pigment is responsible for hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation. When melanin is present in very less amount it causes local vitiligo and posttraumatic hypopigmentation. When melanin is present in very less amount it causes local vitiligo and posttraumatic hypopigmentation. Abnormal amount of melanin deposit in the specific sites of skin causes abnormal skin colored patches like solar lentigos, chloasma, freckles, post inflammatory hyperpigmentation etc. Tyrosinase is also responsible for color changes in fruits due to enzymatic reactions. Tyrosinase inhibitor compounds are used in cosmetics, food, agriculture science and also used in remedy for imbalance in pigmentations. Some Indian herbal plants and agents like Aloe barbedensis, Crocus sativus, Curcuma longa, Camellia sinensis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycine max, Nelumbo nucifera, Hemidesmus indicus, Vitis Vinifera, Broussonetia papyrifera, resorcinol, arbutin, kojic acid, hydroquinone and ascorbic acid have antityrosinase enzymatic activity. So these plants and inhibitory agents are used in cosmetic industries due to their tyrosinase inhibitory effects or antityrosinase activity or antihyperpigmentation effects.
Keywords: Anti-hyperpimentation, Tyrosinase Inhibitor, Melanin, Herbal drugs.
Method Development and Validation for Multicomponent Analysis of Rosuvastatin Calcium and Losartan Potassium in Bulk Drug by RP-HPLC
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Ankalgi Amar Deep , Kaushal Pooja , Ashawat Mahendra Singh 
Published: October 2020

A simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Rosuvastatin calcium and Losartan potassium in bulk form. Chromatographic conditions included the Column C-18 (Shim-pack) 250 x 4.6 mm, particle size 5 µm , mobile phase acetonitrile, methanol and water pH 3 (orthophosphoric acid) in the ratio 20:25:55 recorded at 233 nm. The retention time were found to be 3.55 and 4.64 min and average percentage recovery 99.42% and 99.63% for Rosuvastatin calcium and Losartan potassium respectively. The proposed method was found to comply with ICH guidelines.
Keyword: Rosuvastatin calcium, Losartan potassium, RP-HPLC, accuracy and linearity.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Etiology, Treatment and Animal Models
Authors: Chaudhary Archana , Vinay Pandit 
Published: October 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that can cause joint pain and damage throughout your body. About 75% of Rheumatoid arthritis patients are women. In fact, 1 – 3% of women may get rheumatoid arthritis in their lifetime. The disease most often begins between the ages of 30 and 50. Rheumatoid arthritis occurs when your immune system attacks the synovium, the lining of the membranes that surround your joints. The resulting inflammation thickens the synovium, which can eventually destroy the cartilage and bone within the joint. The tendons and ligaments that hold the joint together weaken and stretch. Gradually, the joint loses its shape and alignment. It also affects other organs of body like: skin, eyes, heart, kidneys, and lungs. The main risk factors that cause Rheumatoid arthritis are Age, Gender, Genetics, weight, smoking, diet, etc. Three main ways to treat rheumatoid arthritis are Drugs, physical therapies and surgery. There are four main groups of drugs that are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs , disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and steroids (also known as corticosteroids). Collagen induced arthritis and Adjuvant arthritis are the most commonly used standard animal models in Rheumatoid arthritis. This literature review assessed the sign & symptoms, risk factors, etiology, treatment and standard animal models for Rheumatoid arthritis.
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Inflammation, Antirheumatic drugs, Adjuvants, Rat, Mice.
Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Olanzapine for the Treatment of Psychosis
Authors: Daswadkar Shubhangi C. , Atole Abhijit Vasant 
Published: October 2020

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are typically spherical with an average diameter between 1 nm to 1000 nm in range. It is alternative carrier systems to tradition colloidal carriers, such as liposomes emulsions and polymeric micro and nanoparticles. Olanzapine (OZP) is an atypical antipsychotic agent which is used for treatment of Schizophrenia. Its oral bioavailability is around of 40%. OZP is a class II drug so it having low aqueous solubility. To overcome that problem and to increase its bioavailability, the solid lipid nanoparticles of olanzapine are prepared. Formulation batches designed by modifying type of surfactant ( Span 80, Tween 80), concentration of surfactant, Concentration of co-surfactant, type of lipid ( glyceryl monostearate, Stearic acid), Lipid concentration, speed of stirring and time of stirring using customised design of DOE. The SLN were prepared by high speed homogenization technique, and then characterized by particle size analysis, Drug entrapment efficiency and Drug diffusion study. A formulation containing GMS as a lipid stabilised with tween 80 as surfactant show good drug release, smaller particle size, as compared with other formulations with different lipid and surfactant. The present research findings indicate that OZP loaded solid lipid Nano particulate system for delivery of OZP with better efficacy with minimum adverse effects. Keywords: Olanzapine, SLN, GMS, high speed homogenization and DOE.
Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Microbial Potential of Plumbago zeylanica L.: A Review
Authors: Aleem Mohd 
Published: October 2020

Plumbago zeylanica L. (Pz) is one of the most important medicinal plant belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae. It is a perennial shrub, growing throughout India and most places of Sri Lanka. It contains various bioactive compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, naphthoquinones, glycoside, saponins, steroids, tri-terpenoids, coumarins, phenolic compounds etc. Of all the chemical constituents, plumbagin is the principal active compound. Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone-C11H8O3) is primarily present in roots in higher amounts with only about 1% in the whole plant. The literature reveals that the root and root bark have a wider claim in traditional medicines against various diseases as a memory enhancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, wound healing, anti-malarial, anti-infertility, anticancer, blood coagulation, and anti-oxidant activities. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of this plant.
Keyword: Plumbago zeylanica; Sheetraj; Chitrak; Anti-inflammatory; Antimicrobial; Traditional uses
A Review of an Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation Mustadi Kwatha
Authors: Khanal Hari , Joshi Ram Kishor , Upadhyay Abhishek 
Published: October 2020

Mustadi Kwatha is a well-known Ayurvedic formulation. It is a widely prescribed drug and is used in all types of Prameha (Diabetes mellitus), Mutrakrichha (Urinary System related disease) and Santarpanjanya Vyadhi (disease due to over nutrition). Several studies have suggested that Mustadi Kwatha possesses anti-hyperlipidemic, anti- hyperglycemic and anti-oxidant activity. The present review explains the pharmacological potential of Mustadi Kwatha. In addition, this study investigates the pharmacological activities of each of the ingredients used in the formulation. It is believed that this review helps the researcher to further explore about this important Ayurvedic formulation.
Keywords: Mustadi Kwatha, Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperlipidemia, Obesity, Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation.
Hepatotoxicity Induced by Anti-Tubercular Drugs Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Bangwal Rohit , Hussain Mashud Mohd. Essar , Saklani Saurabh , Mathur Prashant , Joshi Yogesh 
Published: October 2020

Anti-tubercular therapy induced liver injury (ATTILI) is the most important risk for the past many years. Many pre-existing factors and conditions like persisting liver injury, female gender, alcohol abuse etc. are important risk factors for the ATT induce liver injury. I read many case reports and literature review for the drugs induce liver injury, and concluded the results, ATT drugs are the most responsible for the liver injury during the therapy periods. The present case was 42-year-old male patient and known case of pulmonary tuberculosis, patients were on the ATT drugs therapy in the last 14 days. After few days of therapy, he produced signs of vomiting (multiple episode), fever (high grade), abdomen pain, coughing, loss of appetite, epigastric discomforts & generalized weakness. On general examination the patient was found to produce signs of Jaundice with yellowish appearance of the sclera. Pulmonologist had firstly withdrawal the anti-tubercular drugs therapy and started the modified anti-tubercular drugs therapy. As a Clinical pharmacist we advise the patients & patients relatives, proper monitoring of liver and renal function test should also be carried out by the health care professional specialist from time to time in order to avoid critical situations.
Keywords: Anti-tubercular therapy, Anti-tubercular therapy induced liver injury, Pulmonologist, Hepatotoxicity.
Ocular Allergy: A Review on Ocular Effects of Cosmetic Products
Authors: Neena Cherakkulath C , Sreejith K. , Athulnadh B , Thasneem K.V. Musaina , Maniyan Namitha , Faris P.P. Muhamed 
Published: October 2020

The eyes are the windows to the body, healthy brain function needs healthy eyesight. Recently so many problems arise due to the unsafe use of ocular cosmetics. Eye cosmetics can cause ocular allergy or toxicity. It produces mild discomfort to serious vision threatening problems. This review focus on the reason as well as problems associated with ocular cosmetics. Based on the data from various reviews and research shows that preservatives, metals & fragrances include in the products are the main causative agents for ocular allergy. The main adverse reactions were found to be allergic blepharo conjunctivitis, disruption of the tear film and other inflammatory reactions. The purpose of this article is to give a general awareness about the safe use of ocular cosmetics to get rid of ocular allergy.
Keywords: Ocular cosmetics; Ocular Allergy; Allergic contact blepharo conjunctivitis; inflammatory reactions.
Razões de isótopos estáveis em um testemunho de firn do manto de gelo da Antártica Oriental
Authors: TAVARES Flavia A. , SIMÕES Jefferson C. , BERNARDO Ronaldo T. , GERHARD Nicoli P. , CASASSA Gino , MARQUETTO Luciano 
Published: October 2020

O testemunho de firn IC-02 (88°01’21,3"S e 82°04’21,7"W), atingindo 41,82 m de profundidade, foi coletado no manto de gelo da Antártica Oriental, durante uma travessia científica chileno-brasileira no verão austral de 2004/2005. Este estudo visou à determinação da variabilidade sazonal das razões isotópicas de oxigênio e hidrogênio (ẟ18O e ẟD) e da taxa anual de acumulação de neve. O testemunho foi subamostrado em um sistema de fusão contínua e o conteúdo isotópico determinado por espectrometria a laser de cavidade ressonante do tipo ring-down (WS-CRDS, sistema Picarro). A série de ẟ18O varia entre ‑50,77‰ e ‑41,40‰ (média -46,39 ± 1,37‰), enquanto o ẟD varia entre -408,18‰ e ‑323,85‰ (média -367,43 ± 12,51‰). O excesso de deutério (d) tem média de 4,36 ± 2,66‰. O testemunho representa 85 ± 3 anos de acumulação de neve, ou seja, uma taxa média de 152 ± 64 mm ano‑1 em equivalente d'água. A partir da década de 1990 ocorreu a diminuição da média anual de δD concomitante com o aumento da taxa de acumulação de neve (17% entre 1974 e 2003). O aumento desta acumulação poderia estar associado à maior mobilização de neve à deriva (drift snow) até o sítio de deposição, associada à maior advecção de massas de ar oceânicas vindas dos mares antárticos (Amundsen, Bellingshausen, Weddell e Lazarev). Tal interpretação é apoiada pelo aumento da velocidade dos ventos zonais, conforme observado nos campos de anomalias de altura geopotencial, vento zonal e temperatura em 500 mb da reanálise NCEP/NCAR.
Insectos asociados al agroecosistema de café bajo sombra en el Distrito de Milpuc, Amazonas, Perú
Authors: Huaman Pilco Angel Fernando , Leiva Espinoza Santos Triunfo , Oliva Cruz Segundo Manuel , Hernández May Manuel Alberto 
Published: October 2020

Introducción: Los agroecosistemas de C. arabica bajo sombra son de los cultivos que se consideran no dañinos para la biodiversidad, sin embargo, dada la importancia ecológica que tienen en el resguardo de muchas especies son escasos los estudios en este cultivo en la zona. Objetivo: Proporcionar información sobre la diversidad y la fluctuación de insectos asociados al agroecosistema de café bajo sombra, mediante un estudio faunístico. Métodos: Los insectos se recolectaron sobre diez plantas de C. arabica divididas en tres estratos (bajo, medio y alto) cada 15 días durante los meses de junio a octubre del 2018, utilizando la red de golpeo, el aspirador y trampas Pitfall. Resultados: Recolectamos 1, 923 especímenes pertenecientes a 40 géneros, 35 familias y ocho órdenes. Hemiptera fue el orden con más riqueza de familias registradas (9) y más géneros (13). Coleoptera registró la mayor abundancia con 538 (27,98%). Apis sp y Canthon sp fueron los géneros con la mayor abundancia ambos con 108 individuos. La mayor riqueza, abundancia y diversidad se registró en el estrato medio con 35 especies, 756 individuos y con 1D= 28,53, 2D=25,56. La máxima abundancia de los insectos coincide con la precipitación y humedad alta, y con los valores de temperatura baja. La curva de acumulación se estabilizó a partir del muestreo cinco. Conclusión: Presentamos el primer estudio sobre la entomofauna en un agroecosistemas de C. arabica con manejo orgánico, mostrando que alberga una alta diversidad y que es importante para el refugio y la conservación de insectos benéficos.