bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical validation of qPCR Target Selector™ assays using highly specific switch-blockers for rare mutation detection
Authors: Arnold Lyle , Alexiadis Vassilios , watanaskul Tim , Zarrabi Vahid , Poole Jason , Singh Veena 
Published: March 2020

AimsThe identification of actionable DNA mutations associated with a patient’s tumour is critical for devising a targeted, personalised cancer treatment strategy. However, these molecular analyses are typically performed using tissue obtained via biopsy, which involves substantial risk and is often not feasible. In addition, biopsied tissue does not always reflect tumour heterogeneity, and sequential biopsies to track disease progression (eg, emergence of drug resistance mutations) are not well tolerated. To overcome these and other biopsy-associated limitations, we have developed non-invasive ‘liquid biopsy’ technologies to enable the molecular characterisation of a patient’s cancer using peripheral blood samples.MethodsThe Target Selector ctDNA platform uses a real-time PCR-based approach, coupled with DNA sequencing, to identify cancer-associated genetic mutations within circulating tumour DNA. This is accomplished via a patented blocking approach suppressing wild-type DNA amplification, while allowing specific amplification of mutant alleles.ResultsTo promote the clinical uptake of liquid biopsy technologies, it is first critical to demonstrate concordance between results obtained via liquid and traditional biopsy procedures. Here, we focused on three genes frequently mutated in cancer:EGFR(Del19, L858, and T790),BRAF(V600) andKRAS(G12/G13). For each Target Selector assay, we demonstrated extremely high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity compared with results obtained from tissue biopsies. Overall, we found between 93% and 96% concordance to blinded tissue samples across 127 clinical assays.ConclusionsThe switch-blocker technology reported here offers a highly effective method for non-invasively determining the molecular signatures of patients with cancer.
Different CSF protein profiles in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia withC9orf72hexanucleotide repeat expansion
Authors: Barschke Peggy , Oeckl Patrick , Steinacker Petra , Al Shweiki MHD Rami , Weishaupt Jochen H , Landwehrmeyer G Bernhard , Anderl-Straub Sarah , Weydt Patrick , Diehl-Schmid Janine , Danek Adrian , Kornhuber Johannes , Schroeter Matthias L , Prudlo Johannes , Jahn Holger , Fassbender Klaus , Lauer Martin , van der Ende Emma Louise , van Swieten John Cornelis , Volk Alexander E , Ludolph Albert C , Otto Markus 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesThe hexanucleotide repeat expansion in theC9orf72gene is the most common mutation associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (C9-ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (C9-FTD). Until now, it is unknown which factors define whetherC9orf72mutation carriers develop ALS or FTD. Our aim was to identify protein biomarker candidates in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which differentiate between C9-ALS and C9-FTD and might be indicative for the outcome of the mutation.MethodsWe compared the CSF proteome of 16 C9-ALS and 8 C9-FTD patients and 11 asymptomaticC9orf72mutation carriers (CAR) by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation. Eleven biomarker candidates were selected from the pool of differentially regulated proteins for further validation by multiple reaction monitoring and single-molecule array in a larger cohort (n=156).ResultsIn total, 2095 CSF proteins were identified and 236 proteins were significantly different in C9-ALS versus C9-FTD including neurofilament medium polypeptide (NEFM) and chitotriosidase-1 (CHIT1). Eight candidates were successfully validated including significantly increased ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (UCHL1) levels in C9-ALS compared with C9-FTD and controls and decreased neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPTXR) levels in C9-FTD versus CAR.ConclusionsThis study presents a deep proteomic CSF analysis of C9-ALS versus C9-FTD patients. As a proof of concept, we observed higher NEFM and CHIT1 CSF levels in C9-ALS. In addition, we also show clear upregulation of UCHL1 in C9-ALS and downregulation of NPTXR in C9-FTD. Significant differences in UCHL1 CSF levels may explain diverging ubiquitination and autophagy processes and NPTXR levels might reflect different synapses organisation processes.
Analytical investigations on formations of hairy neutral reflecting shells in the scalar-Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Peng Yan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe study scalarization of spherically symmetric neutral reflecting shells in the scalar-tensor gravity. We consider neutral static massless scalar fields non-minimally coupled to the Gauss–Bonnet invariant. We obtain a relation representing the existence regime of hairy neutral reflecting shells. For parameters unsatisfying this relation, the massless scalar field cannot exist outside the neutral reflecting shell. In the parameter region where this relation holds, we get analytical solutions of scalar field hairs outside neutral reflecting shells.
An Evaluation of Tile Selection Methods for Viewport-Adaptive Streaming of 360-Degree Video
Authors: Nguyen Duc V. , Tran Huyen T. T. , Thang Truong Cong 
Published: March 2020

360-degree video has become increasingly popular nowadays. For effective transmission of bandwidth-intensive 360-degree video over networks, viewport-adaptive streaming has been introduced. In this article, we evaluate, for the first time, ten existing methods to understand the effectiveness of tile-based viewport adaptive streaming of 360-degree video. Experimental results show that tile-based methods can improve the average V-PSNR by up to 4.3 dB compared to a non-tiled method under low delay settings. Here, the V-PSNR is computed as the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the adapted viewport compared to the corresponding origin viewport. Also, different methods show different tradeoffs between average viewport quality and viewport quality variations. Especially, the performances of most tile-based methods decrease quickly as the segment duration and/or buffer size increase for the content with no main focus. Even, under long delay settings like HTTP Adaptive Streaming, it is found that the simple non-tiled method appears to be the best one. For the content with a strong viewing focus, it is found that the tile-based methods are less influenced by the segment duration and the buffer size. In addition, a comparison of the performances of the tile selection methods using two popular viewport estimation methods is conducted. It is interesting that there is only little difference found in performances of tile selection methods. The findings of this study are useful for service providers to make decisions on deployment of streaming solutions.
Interhemispheric modulations of motor outputs by the rostral and caudal forelimb areas in rats
Authors: Touvykine Boris , Elgbeili Guillaume , Quessy Stephan , Dancause Numa 
Published: March 2020

In rats, forelimb movements are evoked from two cortical regions, the caudal and rostral forelimb areas (CFA and RFA, respectively). These areas are densely interconnected and RFA induces complex and powerful modulations of CFA outputs. CFA and RFA also have interhemispheric connections, and these areas from both hemispheres send projections to common targets along the motor axis, providing multiple potential sites of interactions for movement production. Our objective was to characterize how CFA and RFA in one hemisphere can modulate motor outputs of the opposite hemisphere. To do so, we used paired-pulse protocols with intracortical microstimulation techniques (ICMS), while recording electromyographic (EMG) activity of forelimb muscles in sedated rats. A subthreshold conditioning stimulation was applied in either CFA or RFA in one hemisphere simultaneously or before a suprathreshold test stimulation in either CFA or RFA in the opposite hemisphere. Both CFA and RFA tended to facilitate motor outputs with short (0–2.5 ms) or long (20–35 ms) delays between the conditioning and test stimuli. In contrast, they tended to inhibit motor outputs with intermediate delays, in particular 10 ms. When comparing the two areas, we found that facilitatory effects from RFA were more frequent and powerful than the ones from CFA. In contrast, inhibitory effects from CFA on its homolog were more frequent and powerful than the ones from RFA. Our results demonstrate that interhemispheric modulations from CFA and RFA share some similarities but also have clear differences that could sustain specific functions these cortical areas carry for the generation of forelimb movements. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that caudal and rostral forelimb areas (CFA and RFA) have distinct effects on motor outputs from the opposite hemisphere, supporting that they are distinct nodes in the motor network of rats. However, the pattern of interhemispheric modulations from RFA has no clear equivalent among premotor areas in nonhuman primates, suggesting they contribute differently to the generation of ipsilateral hand movements. Understanding these interspecies differences is important given the common use of rodent models in motor control and recovery studies.
Environmental Carcinogenesis at the Single-Cell Level
Authors: Chang Gregory , Saeki Kohei , Mori Hitomi , Chen Shiuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Elucidating the mechanisms behind how exposure to environmental chemicals can lead to cancer is not easy due to the complex natures of these compounds and the challenges to establish biologically relevant experimental models to study them. Environmental chemicals often present selective mechanisms of action on different cell types and can be involved in the modulation of targeted cells and their microenvironment, including immune cells. Currently, the limitations of traditional epidemiologic correlation analyses, in vitro cell-based assays, and animal models are that they are unable to comprehensively examine cellular heterogeneity and the tissue-selective influences. To this end, we propose utilizing single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to more effectively capture the subtle and complex effects of environmental chemicals and how their exposure could lead to cancer. scRNA-seq's capabilities for studying gene expression level data at a significantly higher resolution relative to bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) enable studies to evaluate how environmental chemicals regulate gene transcription on different cell types as well as how these compounds impact signaling pathways and interactions between cells in the tissue microenvironment. These studies will be valuable for evaluating environmental chemicals' carcinogenic properties at the individual cell level.
See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Environmental Carcinogenesis: Pathways to Prevention.”
Reducing Ovarian Cancer Mortality Through Early Detection: Approaches Using Circulating Biomarkers
Authors: Trinidad Camille V. , Tetlow Ashley L. , Bantis Leonidas E. , Godwin Andrew K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
More than two-thirds of all women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) will die from the disease (&gt;14,000 deaths annually), a fact that has not changed considerably in the last three decades. Although the 5-year survival rates for most other solid tumors have improved steadily, ovarian cancer remains an exception, making it the deadliest of all gynecologic cancers and five times deadlier than breast cancer. When diagnosed early, treatment is more effective, with a 5-year survival rate of up to 90%. Unfortunately, most cases are not detected until after the cancer has spread, resulting in a dismal 5-year survival rate of less than 30%. Current screening methods for ovarian cancer typically use a combination of a pelvic examination, transvaginal ultrasonography, and serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125), but these have made minimal impact on improving mortality. Thus, there is a compelling unmet need to develop new molecular tools that can be used to diagnose early-stage EOC and/or assist in the clinical management of the disease after a diagnosis, given that more than 220,000 women are living with ovarian cancer in the United States and are at risk of recurrence. Here, we discuss the state of advancing liquid-based approaches for improving the early detection of ovarian cancer.
See all articles in this Special Collection Honoring Paul F. Engstrom, MD, Champion of Cancer Prevention
Addressing Disparities in Cancer Screening among U.S. Immigrants: Progress and Opportunities
Authors: Fang Carolyn Y. , Ragin Camille C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The United States is home to 47 million foreign-born individuals, which currently represents over 14% of the U.S. population. With greater length of U.S. residence, immigrants experience increased risk for chronic disease including selected cancers; yet, they are less likely to access preventive health care services and undergo cancer screening. As a result, there have been concerted efforts to address disparities in cancer screening in immigrant populations. This minireview describes current progress in promoting participation in cancer screening among U.S. immigrants and explores potential opportunities for improving impact. Of the 42 studies included in the review, the majority targeted Asian and Latino immigrant populations and included some form of culturally specific educational programming, often delivered in-person by community health workers and/or using a multimedia format. Twenty-eight of the 42 studies also offered navigation assistance to help overcome logistical and access barriers to care, and these studies yielded somewhat greater increases in screening. Yet, despite considerable effort over the past 20+ years, screening rates remain well below national goals. Opportunities to harness digital health tools to increase awareness and engagement, evaluating nonclinic-based screening paradigms to promote greater participation, and increasing efforts to address the needs of other immigrant subgroups are likely to have beneficial outcomes. Together, these strategies may help reduce inequities in access and uptake of cancer screening in U.S. immigrant populations.
See all articles in this Special Collection Honoring Paul F. Engstrom, MD, Champion of Cancer Prevention
Navigating the Intersection between Genomic Research and Clinical Practice
Authors: Daly Mary B. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Risk Assessment Program (RAP) at Fox Chase Cancer Center (Philadelphia, PA) is a multi-generational prospective cohort, enhanced for personal and family history of cancer, consisting of over 10,000 individuals for whom data on personal and family history of cancer, risk factors, genetic and genomic data, health behaviors, and biospecimens are available. The RAP has a broad research agenda including the characterization of genes with known or potential relevance to cancer, gene–gene and gene–environment interactions, and their contribution to clinically useful risk assessment and risk reduction strategies. Increasingly, this body of research is identifying genetic changes which may have clinical significance for RAP research participants, leading us to confront the issue of whether to return genetic results emerging from research laboratories. This review will describe some of the important fundamental points that must be debated as we develop a paradigm for return of research results. The key issues to address as the scientific community moves toward adopting a policy of return of research results include the best criteria for determining which results to offer, the consent document components necessary to ensure that the participant makes a truly informed decision about receiving their results, and associated logistical and cost challenges.
See all articles in this Special Collection Honoring Paul F. Engstrom, MD, Champion of Cancer Prevention
Implementation of Sustainable Development Concept in Hotel A Surabaya
Authors: Puspawardani Nuke , Mukti Kresno Eka , Himawan Angsar Nur , Sentosa Happy Ratna 
Published: March 2020

Hospitality is one of the important sectors in the growth of the Indonesian Economy, which it continues to increase each year. But on the other hand it also has a negative impact. The higher use of the hotel, the higher the resource and energy expended to serve the guests of the hotel. This study aims to determine the implementation of sustainable development concept of Hotel A in Surabaya. This hotel is under auspices of the Accor Group, one of international hotel management groups, which already implemented the concept of sustainable development. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher using qualitative analysis techniques to process the primary and secondary data obtained, to find the answer on how far the application of sustainable development at the Hotel A. The research results show that Hotel A has conducted various measures to support sustainable development in several aspects. But they just apply 3 of 7 pillars of ecology as envisioned by the Accor Group. This study shows the aspects of eco-friendly management that can be carried out by a hotel.<p> </p>
Novel Design of Reversible MUX and DEMUX using GDI Techinque
Authors: Naveenkumar Majety 
Published: March 2020

Now a day’s Reversible logic is playing a crucial role in designing of digital circuits and it is used in reducing power consumption in digital design. By regaining the bit loss it reduces the power consumption in digital circuits. Gate diffusion input (GDI) is a technique of low-power digital circuit design. This technique reduces the power consumption, delay, and transistor count by maintaining the complexity very low of logic design. In these paper a novel MUX and DEMUX has been presented, which can be extended up to 1:2n and 2n:1 respectively and these are developed by using only one type of Reversible gate i.e. Fredkin Gate (FRG) and Not Gate. The simulations are done in H-Spice using 90nm technology.
Analysis of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in DC System with Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Rayudu S. Sanjeeva , Ganesh C. , Naik B.Vignesh 
Published: March 2020

<p>Superconducting fault-current limiters (SFCLs) have been the subject of research and development for many years and offer an attractive solution to the problem of rising fault levels in electrical distribution systems. SFCLs can greatly reduce fault currents and the damage at the point of fault, and help improve the stability of a power system. Superconducting fault-current limiters (SFCL) provide a new efficient approach to the reliable handling of such faults.(SCFLs) can be used for various nominal voltages and currents, and can be adapted to particular limiting characteristics in case of short circuits. In this project, dc resistive type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is presented. This SFCL is designed for the HVDC system. Uniform current and voltage sharing among the SFCL modules can be observed through contact resistance tests, dc flow-through tests, and ac flow-through tests. Results of tests show that each limiting module has good uniformity in higher current system. The proposed concept can be implemented using renewable energy sources. The results are presented by using Matlab/simulink platform.</p>
Comparison of Modeling and Simulation results Management Micro Climate of the Greenhouse by Fuzzy Logic between a Wetland and Arid region
Authors: Faouzi Didi , Bibi-Triki N. , Draoui B. , Abène A. 
Published: March 2020

Currently the climate computer offers many benefits and solves problems related to the regulation, monitoring and controls. Greenhouse growers remain vigilant and attentive, facing this technological development. they ensure competitiveness and optimize their investments / production cost which continues to grow. The application of artificial intelligence in the industry known for considerable growth, which is not the case in the field of agricultural greenhouses, where enforcement remains timid. it is from this fact, we undertake research work in this area and conduct a simulation based on meteorological data through MATLAB Simulink to finally analyze the thermal behavior -greenhouse microclimate energy . In this paper we present comparison of modeling and simulation management of the greenhouse microclimate by fuzzy logic between a wetland (Dar El Beida Algeria) and the other arid (Biskra Algeria).
A Novel CAZAC Sequence Based Timing Synchronization Scheme for OFDM System
Authors: Das Anuja , Mohanty Biswajit , Sahu Benudhar 
Published: March 2020

Several classical timing synchronization schemes have been proposed for the timing synchronization in OFDM systems based on the correlation between identical parts of OFDM symbol. These schemes show poor performance due to the presence of plateau and significant side lobe. In this paper we present a timing synchronization schemes with timing metric based on a Constant Amplitude Zero Auto Correlation (CAZAC) sequence. The performance of the proposed timing synchronization scheme is better than the classical techniques
A Novel Handoff Necessity Estimation Approach Based on Travelling Distance
Authors: Madaan Jyoti , Kashyap Indu 
Published: March 2020

<p><em>Mobility management is one of the most important challenges in Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWNs) as it enables users to move across geographic boundaries of wireless networks. Nowadays, mobile communications have heterogeneous wireless networks offering variable coverage and Quality of Service (QoS). The availability of alternatives generates a problem of occurrence of unnecessary handoff that results in wastage of network resources. To avoid this, an efficient algorithm needs to be developed to minimize the unnecessary handoffs. Conventionally, whenever Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) connectivity is available, the mobile node switch from cellular network to wireless local area network to gain maximum use of high bandwidth and low cost of wireless local area network as much as possible. But to maintain call quality and minimum number of call failure, a considerable proportion of these handovers should be determined. Our algorithm makes the handoff to wireless local area network only when the Predicted Received Signal Strength (PRSS) falls below a threshold value and travelling distance inside the wireless local area network is larger than a threshold distance.Through MATLAB simulation, we show that our algorithm is able to improve handover performance.<strong> </strong></em></p>
Mobile Learning Technologies
Authors: Alsaadat Khalil 
Published: March 2020

<p>Technological development have altered the way we communicate, learn, think, share, and spread information. Mobile technologies are those that make use of wireless technologies to gain some sort of data. As mobile connectedness continues to spread across the world, the value of employing mobile technologies in the arena of learning and teaching seems to be both self-evident and unavoidable The fast deployment of mobile devices and wireless networks in university campuses makes higher education a good environment to integrate learners-centered m-learning . this paper discusses mobile learning technologies that are being used for educational purposes and the effect they have on teaching and learning methods.</p>