bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary diffuse leptomeningeal glioblastoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Mondia Mark Willy L. , Hooks Rebekka E. , Maragkos Georgios A. , Smith Vanessa L. , McCord Matthew R. , Donahue Joseph H. , Williams Eli S. , Lopes M. Beatriz , Schiff David , Asthagiri Ashok R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Glioblastoma (GBM) that presents as leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is extremely rare and fatal. Limited data are available regarding incidence, clinical presentation, and management. Prognosis is poor and no treatment is known to improve survival.

Methods and results
We present a case report of a 72-year-old female who presented with depressed sensorium, ataxia, and myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse supratentorial and spinal LMD. There was an absence of any detectable and distinct intraparenchymal lesion on neuroaxis imaging. Biopsy of the Sylvian fissure nodule revealed GBM. Steroid therapy was ineffective for symptom relief. She opted for palliative care and expired shortly after diagnosis.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of GBM presenting exclusively as LMD without a primary lesion. If systemic imaging techniques do not provide a biopsy target and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies are non-diagnostic, tissue diagnosis from leptomeningeal biopsy is recommended. Palliative chemoradiation or best supportive care are reasonable treatment options.
Plant growth Enhancement in Colchicine-Treated Tomato Seeds without Polyploidy Induction
Authors: Obando-González Rosa Irma , Martínez-Hernández Luis Enrique , Núñez-Muñoz Leandro Alberto , Calderón-Pérez Berenice , Ruiz-Medrano Roberto , Ramírez-Pool José Abrahán , Xoconostle-Cázares Beatriz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Plant breeding plays a pivotal role in the development of improved tomato cultivars, addressing various challenges faced by this crop worldwide. Tomato crop yield is affected by biotic and abiotic stress, including diverse pathogens and pests, extreme temperatures, drought, and soil salinity, thus affecting fruit quality, and overall crop productivity. Through strategic plant breeding approaches, it is possible to increase the genetic diversity of tomato cultivars, leading to the development of varieties with increased resistance to prevalent diseases and pests, improved tolerance to environmental stress, and enhanced adaptability to changing agroclimatic conditions. The induction of genetic variability using antimitotic agents, such as colchicine, has been widely employed in plant breeding precisely to this end. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of colchicine-treated tomato plants exhibiting larger size, characterized by larger leaves, while seedlings of the T2 generation harbored three cotyledons. A total of 382 differentially expressed genes encoding proteins associated with anatomical structure development, hormone synthesis and transport, flavonoid biosynthesis, and responses to various stimuli, stresses, and defense mechanisms were identified. Gene enrichment analysis suggests a role for auxin and flavonoid biosynthesis in cotyledon formation. Furthermore, single-nucleotide polymorphisms were mapped in colchicine-treated plants and determined which corresponded to differentially- expressed genes. Interestingly, most were associated to only a few genes in a similar location. This study provides significant insights into the genes and metabolic pathways affected in colchicine-treated tomatoes that exhibit improved agronomic traits, such as plant vigor and improved photosynthesis rate.
Study of performance of an internal strut-based thrust vectoring control system
Authors: Soundararajan Harish , Sridhar B.T.N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper the performance of an internal strut-based thrust vector control (TVC) system has been studied at different expansion conditions of propulsion nozzle. The TVC system uses a cylindrical strut inserted through the diverging wall of a supersonic nozzle. This TVC system can be construed as an alternative to secondary injection TVC method. The nozzle had an expansion ratio of 1.545 and nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) of 6.61 for optimum expansion. Numerical simulations were performed at over-expansion (NPR = 3.94) and under-expansion (NPR = 7.89) conditions for four strut locations (xs) and five strut heights (hs). The strut location from the nozzle throat corresponded to 33%, 50%, 66.7% and 80% of the diverging length (Ld) of the nozzle. The schlieren images of the nozzle exhaust and nozzle internal wall pressure distribution from experiments were compared with the results from numerical simulation and the agreement was quite good. Computational results show that introduction of the strut caused a maximum total pressure loss of 1.5% at its maximum height. The calculations also show that
$ \pm $
4
${}^{\circ}$
thrust deflection angle could be achieved using combinations of strut location and strut height over a range of nozzle operational conditions. Thrust vectoring performance of strut insertion TVC was evaluated using a parameter called vectoring performance index (VPI) defined as thrust deflection angle per unit percentage of pressure loss. The maximum VPI was observed when xs=0.5Ld at
${\bar{h_s}} = 0.429$
in both over-expansion and under-expansion conditions. The study reveals that an internal strut based TVC has a good future potential to be developed as an alternate TVC system obviating the requirement of carrying a fluid tank for a system like secondary injection TVC.
Native speakers and learners of Mandarin predict upcoming arguments in dative constructions based on categorical and gradient verb constraints
Authors: Zhu Yanxin (Alice) , Grüter Theres 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the predictive use of dative verb constraints in Mandarin among home-country-raised native speakers and classroom learners (including both sequential L2 learners and heritage speakers). In a visual world eye-tracking experiment, participants made anticipatory looks to the upcoming argument (recipient versus theme) following categorical restrictions of non-alternating verbs and gradient bias of alternating verbs before the acoustic onset of the disambiguating noun. Crucially, no delay or reduction in the prediction effects was observed among L2 learners and heritage speakers in comparison with home-country-raised native speakers. Mandarin proficiency and dominant language (English versus other) did not modulate prediction effects among classroom learners. These findings provide direct support for the assumption of error-driven learning accounts of the dative alternation, that is, language users actively predict upcoming arguments based on verb information during real-time sentence processing.
Validation of Ionospheric Parameters From Electron Density Profiles of FY‐3E Satellite Using Ionosonde, GIMs, Satellite Altimetry and Other Occultations
Authors: Huang Binyi , Chen Peng , Yao Yibin , Wang Rong , Zhang Yuchen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe FengYun‐3E satellite (FY‐3E) is the first to feature the GNSS Occultation Sounder II (GNOS‐II). Occultation is effective for ionosphere detection, but data variations between FY‐3E and other techniques are inevitable due to differing instruments and methodologies. Evaluating the GNOS‐II performance against other techniques is imperative. We extract ionospheric parameters—the F2 layer peak height (hmF2), F2 layer critical frequency (foF2), and Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC)—from FY‐3E's electron density profile. We use ionosonde, Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs), and Satellite Altimetry (SA), along with FY‐3D and COSMIC‐2 to analyze FY‐3E's performance. Additionally, we use the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI‐2020) to normalize VTEC, eliminating systematic biases due to altitude differences. Results show that FY‐3E's foF2 has high consistency with ionosonde, while hmF2 shows larger differences. However, both foF2 and hmF2 from FY‐3E, FY‐3D, and COSMIC‐2 have comparable data quality. TEC differences between FY‐3E and GIMs are greater during equinoxes and in the daytime. Significant TEC deviations are observed, particularly in low‐latitude region affected by the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) during the daytime, with underestimation at EIA crests and overestimation at EIA troughs and around ±40° geomagnetic latitude, a phenomenon also observed when compared to SA. FY‐3D and COSMIC‐2 exhibit similar patterns, but FY‐3E shows better consistency with GIMs and SA compared to FY‐3D. Compared to FY‐3D and FY‐3E, COSMIC‐2 has fewer overestimated profiles. Furthermore, FY‐3E performs poorly in observing ionospheric structure in the EIA region but performs well in the Weddell Sea Anomaly (WSA) region, similar to FY‐3E.
The Value of Cross-Cultural Education in the Clinical Educator Training Process: A Viewpoint
Authors: Gauvin Nancy , Gregory-Martin Kyomi 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to highlight the need for cross-cultural education skills in the clinical education training process. This article discusses the benefits of cross-cultural education for clinical educators (CEs) who work with supervisees from cultures that differ from their own.

Conclusions:
CEs differ based on their cultural backgrounds and their perception of concern about the impact that cultural differences have on the supervisory process. There is a need for cross-cultural education training for speech-language pathologists who work with supervisees particularly when there are limited cultural similarities between the CEs and supervisee. Further studies are needed to assess CEs' perceptions of the supervisory process and the potential impact it has on their own biases and interactions with supervisees.
Virtual inertia calculation and virtual power system stabiliser design for stability enhancement of virtual synchronous generator system under transient condition
Authors: Qudsi Ony Asrarul , Soeprijanto Adi , Priyadi Ardyono 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEnhancing the stability of the Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) under transient conditions has become a new challenge for VSG operation. This paper presents the design of a Virtual Power System Stabiliser (VPSS) with virtual inertia calculations for the stability enhancement of the VSG system under transient conditions. The virtual inertia is calculated by considering the transient conditions resulting from a three‐phase ground fault and the allowable phase margin in the VSG. This aims to prevent the coupling effect, which can cause the active power loop control and reactive power loop control to operate non‐independently. Subsequently, the VPSS is specifically designed based on the determined virtual inertia characteristics. The VPSS design is developed by taking into account the phase angle shift of the VSG. The proposed combination of virtual inertia and VPSS is capable of providing accurate compensation for phase angle changes under transient conditions. To evaluate the performance of the proposed virtual inertia and VPSS, a system‐level VSG model is used to thoroughly analyse the system's performance. Based on the results and analysis, it is shown that the control strategy utilising the combination of virtual inertia and the proposed VPSS design can improve VSG stability under transient conditions.
Feedback from intermediate-mass black holes on dwarf galaxy morphology at z = 2
Authors: Bi Da , Schleicher Dominik R. G. , Escala Andrés 
Published: December 2024

Aims. This study aims to elucidate the role of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) in the development of galactic morphology. We examine how the evolution of IMBHs is influenced by various factors, including seed masses, seed times, and feedback mechanisms. Additionally, we investigate potential correlations between galactic morphology and the final properties of central dwarf galaxies, such as gas fraction, taking into account the constraints of black hole growth history and active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. This exploration is particularly valuable to the characterization of the typical environments associated with IMBHs in dwarf galaxies.
Methods. We utilized a series of high-resolution zoom-in cosmological simulations to analyze the emergent morphology of central dwarf galaxies within dark matter halos of similar mass, specifically log Mvir/M⊙ ∼ 10 ± 0.05, at redshift z ∼ 2. All simulations are initialized with the same conditions while employing different black hole seeding methods and feedback schemes. This approach enables us to investigate how varying black hole evolutionary pathways affect the fundamental parameters of central dwarf galaxies. Our simulations consider galaxies embedded in both high- and low-spin host halos, utilizing various black hole seed masses, seed formation times, and AGN wind velocities.
Results. We find that AGN feedback, particularly wind strength, critically influences gas fractions, star formation, and galaxy structure. Galaxies with strong feedback exhibit lower stellar masses, flatter morphologies, and intermediate rotational support (κrot = 0.3 − 0.6). Their prominent central structures and low Sersic indices (n < 2) highlight the limits of applying low-redshift diagnostics such as Gini-M20 at high redshift. Synthetic JWST observations suggest pixelation effects can overestimate galaxy sizes, emphasizing the nuanced relationship between IMBH evolution and dwarf galaxy formation.
Divergent Synthetic Strategy To Access the Polyketide Subunits of Aurilides: Synthesis of the Southern Fragment of Lagunamides D and D′
Authors: Salom-Roig Xavier J. , Michon Synthia , Garcia Maxime , Cavelier Florine 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe report a flexible stereocontrolled synthetic route to the southern fragment of lagunamides D and D′, two cytotoxic cyclodepsipeptides of the aurilide family. Key steps in the route include an anti-aldol Abiko–Masamune reaction and a Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) olefination. The key element of our synthetic strategy was the use of a pivotal intermediate which allows the introduction a side chain that differentiates the polyketide structure of the members of the family. Thus, to illustrate the synthetic potential of our strategy, we have also prepared four different advanced polyketide precursors.
Enhancing aluminium resistance in wheat (
Triticum aestivum
L.) by exploring for novel genes in the wheat genome
Authors: Emebiri Livinus , Raman Harsh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aluminium (Al
3+
) toxicity is a major constraint to crop production worldwide and is considered second only to drought for its importance as an agronomic challenge. A common practice to manage the impact is the application of lime but this is expensive, and it can take years for the lime to be effective in ameliorating the subsoil acidity. Plant species with a natural ability to adapt to Al
3+
toxicity offer an option to maintain production while amelioration efforts continue, especially in low-rainfall areas where yield responses to lime is less profitable. In wheat (
Triticum aestivum
L.), the genes conferring Al
3+
resistance have been extensively researched over the years through classical inheritance, cytogenetic, quantitative trait locus (QTL) and genome-wide association studies, and transcriptional analyses. As a focal point for this discussion, we assembled a total of 212 QTL from research papers published between 2006 and 2024, and their physical positions were projected on the sequenced genome of the moderately Al
3+
-resistant hexaploid wheat variety, Chinese Spring. The markers were distributed across the 21 wheat chromosomes, with the highest numbers on chromosomes 3B, 4D and 7A and the lowest on chromosomes 3D and 5D. The physical mapping of significantly associated markers onto the reference genome map uncovered novel candidate genes. These include wheat aluminium-induced (Wali) genes, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, phytosulfokine receptor (PSKR), PIN-formed (PIN, auxin transporter), NAC (NAC domain), WRKY (WRKY domain) and natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMP). These were discussed to provide a contextual review of gaps that can be exploited in enhancing Al
3+
resistance in wheat, which can lead to the discovery of novel genes and the development of improved cultivars.
Axion-like universal gravitational wave interpretation of pulsar timing array data
Authors: Lozanov Kaloian D , Pi Shi , Sasaki Misao , Takhistov Volodymyr , Wang Ao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Formation of cosmological solitons is generically accompanied by production of gravitational waves (GWs), with a universal GW background expected at frequency scales below that of non-linear dynamics. Beginning with a general phenomenological description of GWs associated with soliton formation, we demonstrate that universal GW background from axion-like particle solitonic oscillons provides a viable interpretation to the recent NANOGrav 15 year pulsar timing array (PTA) data, which does not suffer from the overproduction of primordial black holes. We show that PTA data displays preference for models where formed solitons do not strongly interact or cluster. Coincidence observations with Nancy Roman telescope will allow to discriminate between distinct scenarios of cosmological solitons.
Textile actuators based on electrochemical lithiation of silicon thin films
Authors: Schmidl Gabriele , Jia Guobin , Konkin Gulnara , Brückner Uwe , Graf Leonie , Hupfer Maximilian L , Gawlik Annett , Richter Klaus , Plentz Jonathan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether a textile electrode coated with an amorphous silicon thin film can be used as an actuator element in a lithium electrolysis process in comparison to a crysralline silicon wafer stripe. It is well known from battery research that a deformation of the silicon electrode occurs during lithiation. This reversible process is being studied as a mechanical switch to move lightweight textiles for potential applications such as ventilation, thermal management, privacy protection, etc. To identify a solution, silicon thin film coatings on textile substrates, electrolytes and the lithiation process have been examined under both inert laboratory and application conditions. Methods such as cyclic voltammetry, amperometry and impedance spectroscopy were used to analyze the electrolytic process, and secondary ion mass spectrometry and electrical analysis were used to obtain material information. It is shown that the charging and discharging of lithium ions is associated with bending for more than 5 cycles. During this process, repeated forward and backward movements of the textile electrode were observed at low voltages below −10 V. Bending forces in the range of 0.2–0.7 mN dependent on the charging time, and a current flow in the range of −0.01 to −440 µA dependent on the voltage, were measured. This is suitable for the scenario where low force is required.
An impact localization method of composite fan blades based on stress wave features
Authors: Zhang Qingchen , Zhao Bowen , Liu Qijian , Liu Hailong , Huang Meiao , Qing Xinlin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Impact monitoring in real-time is an effective approach to ensure the integrity and safety of aircraft engine composite fan blades. The changing curvature of composite fan blades and the anisotropic nature of the material make it difficult to achieve accurate impact localization with the existing impact monitoring techniques. In this paper, an impact localization method based on stress wave features is proposed to accurately locate impact sources for composite fan blades. Firstly, a sensor array attached to the surface of the fan blade with variable curvatures is used to record the stress waves caused by the impact. Secondly, an adaptive signal decomposition method is used to decompose the original impact signals to obtain the components at different frequency regions. Thirdly, the features of component within the highest frequency region, having a monotonic attenuation relationship with distance and less influenced by material anisotropy, are extracted and fused. Finally, the improved weighted centroid localization algorithm using the fused feature is used to achieve accurate impact localization. Validation is also conducted on a custom-made experimental blade, achieving an average error of 7.9%. The monitoring results demonstrate that the developed method can achieve high-precision impact localization on composite fan blades and it has practical engineering value for monitoring in aerospace engines.
Resonance phenomenon for an underdamped bistable system with additive dichotomous noise and multiplicative noise
Authors: Cao Yudong , He Zhiguo , Fu Xuemin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Vibrational resonance (VR) and stochastic resonance for an underdamped bistable system driven by one high-frequency (HF) and one low-frequency (LF) periodic force with additive dichotomous noise, additive white noise and multiplicative white noise are investigated. The dynamical equation corresponding to the LF periodic force is obtained by decomposing the system output into one HF motion and one LF motion. Under the condition of weak LF signal, based on two-state theory, the system output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is derived. It is shown that the SNR can reach one peak value with the variation of the amplitude of the dichotomous noise. VR phenomenon can be observed when the SNR varies with both the amplitude and the frequency of the HF signal. One resonance peak occurs when the SNR changes with the strength of the multiplicative noise. The SNR can obtain one maximum value as increasing the system damping coefficient and increasing the intensity of the additive noise.
Design of Artificial Intelligence for Evaluation of In Vitro Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Microtuber Growth from Tissue Culture Based on Digital Imagery
Authors: Diningrat Diky Setya , Febriyossa Adelia , Suryanto Eka Dodi , Maulana Bagoes , Sari Ayu Nirmala , Asmin  , Nainggolan Tiara Bunga , Hasibuan Ali Ahmatul Umri , Rambe Khadra Ulfah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The goal of this research is to introduce an AI model for assessing the development and yield of in vitro potato microtubers using tissue culture technology. The AI system was created to assist lab personnel in making decisions regarding microtubers produced through tissue culture. Previous research has indicated that the growth of microtubers is significantly impacted by the intensity of light. Once microtubers have formed, the light intensity needs to be decreased until it becomes dark, to facilitate optimal microtuber growth. The AI system takes in a digital image of the plant and other relevant information provided by the laboratory assistant. The digital image is then automatically processed to extract specific color intensity data for the microtubers and leaves. This intensity data is used as input for the fuzzy interference engine, which combines it with existing rules in the database to generate new rules. Additionally, the AI system employs a forward chaining mechanism to provide recommendations for appropriate actions that laboratory assistants should take based on the condition of a particular microtuber. Trial results demonstrate that the system’s recommendations are quite satisfactory, with an average accuracy of 95% in handling recommendations for potato microtubers.