bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solute manipulation enabled band and defect engineering for thermoelectric enhancements of SnTe
Authors: Yao Zhichao , Li Wen , Tang Jing , Chen Zhiwei , Lin Siqi , Biswas Kanishka , Burkov Alexander , Pei Yanzhong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith years of development, SnTe as a homologue of PbTe has shown great potential for thermoelectric applications in p‐type conduction, and the most successful strategy is typified by alloying for maximizing the valence band degeneracy. Among the known alloy agents, MnTe has been found to be one of the most effective enabling a band convergence for an enhancement in electronic performance of SnTe, yet its solubility of only ~15 at% unfortunately prevents a full optimization in the valence band structure. This work reveals that additional PbTe alloying not only promotes the MnTe solubility to locate the optimal valence band structure but also increases the overall substitutional defects in the material for a substantial reduction in lattice thermal conductivity. In addition, PbTe alloying simultaneously optimizes the carrier concentration due to the cation size effect. These features all enabled by such a solute manipulation synergistically lead to a very high thermoelectric figure of merit, zT of ~1.5 in SnTe with a 20 at% MnTe and a 30 at% PbTe alloying (Sn0.5Mn0.2Pb0.3Te), demonstrating the effectiveness of solute manipulation for advancing SnTe and similar thermoelectrics.
In vivo study of metabolic dynamics and heterogeneity in brown and beige fat by label‐free multiphoton redox and fluorescence lifetime microscopy
Authors: He Sicong , Wei Xiuqing , Qin Zhongya , Chen Congping , Wu Zhenguo , Qu Jianan Y. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, the metabolic characteristics of adipose tissues in live mouse model were investigated using a multiphoton redox ratio and fluorescence lifetime imaging technology. By analyzing the intrinsic fluorescence of metabolic coenzymes, we measured the optical redox ratios of adipocytes in vivo and studied their responses to thermogenesis. The fluorescence lifetime imaging further revealed changes in protein bindings of metabolic coenzymes in the adipocytes during thermogenesis. Our study uncovered significant heterogeneity in the cellular structures and metabolic characteristics of thermogenic adipocytes in brown and beige fat. Subgroups of brown and beige adipocytes were identified based on the distinct lipid size distributions, redox ratios, fluorescence lifetimes and thermogenic capacities. The results of our study show that this label‐free imaging technique can shed new light on in vivo study of metabolic dynamics and heterogeneity of adipose tissues in live organisms.
The HPQ—Development and First Administration of a Questionnaire for Hypoparathyroid Patients
Authors: Wilde Deborah , Wilken Lara , Stamm Bettina , Blaschke Martina , Heppner Christina , Chavanon Mira‐Lynn , Leha Andreas , Herrmann‐Lingen Christoph , Siggelkow Heide 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTHypoparathyroidism patients suffer a variety of complaints often leading to reduced quality of life. Currently, no specific standard instrument exists to measure corresponding disease manifestations. We therefore aimed to develop a disease‐characteristic questionnaire for hypoparathyroid patients. We used an analytical‐empirical approach for questionnaire construction based on retrospective analysis of four well‐established but non‐disease‐specific questionnaires (Symptom Checklist 90, revised [SCL‐90‐R]; Giessen Complaint List [GBB]; Short‐Form‐36 Health Survey [SF‐36]; von Zerssen Symptom List [B‐L Zerssen]) and two additional unpublished or local questionnaires (SHGdQ and GPQ) in a German hypoparathyroidism self‐help group (n = 60). Retrospective data were compared with corresponding general population norms. The new questionnaire was administered prospectively over 1 year to patients with postoperative hypoparathyroidism and two control groups to validate specificity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability testing were applied to identify relevant scales and reduce overlapping items. In the self‐help group, SCL‐90‐R revealed elevated symptom load in four complaint areas (p = 0.003 to p < 0.001). The SF‐36 mental summary score (p < 0.001) and further scales were lowered. In the GBB, four of five scales (p = 0.009 to p < 0.001) were elevated. In the B‐L Zerssen, 6 of 24 items revealed complaint areas. Based on these findings, the new 40‐item “Hypoparathyroid Patient Questionnaire” (HPQ 40) was developed, tested prospectively, and further analyzed. EFA revealed five scales (pain and cramps, gastrointestinal symptoms, depression and anxiety, neurovegetative symptoms, loss of vitality), all with Cronbach's alpha >0.7. The questionnaire was revised accordingly and shortened to 28 questions to avoid redundancy. We present a new disease‐characteristic questionnaire for hypoparathyroidism patients. Prospective testing revealed five major complaint areas and promising psychometric properties. This questionnaire can be tested for usefulness in further clinical trials. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Calcium Supplement Use Is Associated With Less Bone Mineral Density Loss, But Does Not Lessen the Risk of Bone Fracture Across the Menopause Transition: Data From the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation
Authors: Bailey Regan L , Zou Peishan , Wallace Taylor C , McCabe George P , Craig Bruce A , Jun Shinyoung , Cauley Jane A , Weaver Connie M 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTDiet is a modifiable factor that is related to bone mass and risk for fractures; however, the use of calcium supplements for bone health is controversial, with little scientific agreement. The purpose of this analysis was to estimate the change in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD and the risk of bone fracture by the use of calcium supplements among the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) participants. SWAN is a multicenter, multiethnic, community‐based longitudinal cohort designed to examine the health of women across the menopause transition (n = 1490; aged 42 to 52 years at baseline in 1996 to 1997 and followed annually until 2006 to 2008). A mixed‐effect model for repeated measures was used to estimate annualized BMD change across time between supplement users and nonusers, unadjusted or fully adjusted (age, race, height, weight, menopausal status [pre‐, early peri‐, late peri‐, and postmenopausal], DXA scanner mode, alcohol intake, vitamin D supplement use, smoking, and physical activity) and a log‐linear model with repeated measures was used to estimate the relative risk of fracture by calcium supplement use. All models were also stratified by baseline menopausal status. In fully adjusted models, calcium supplement use was associated with less annualized loss of femoral neck BMD (−0.0032 versus −0.0040 g/cm2/year; p < .001) and lumbar spine BMD (−0.0046 versus −0.0053 g/cm2/year, p = 0.021) in the complete cohort. However, this protective association of calcium supplement use with BMD loss was significant only among premenopausal women (femoral neck: −0.0032 versus −0.0042 g/cm2/year; p = 0.002; lumbar spine: −0.0038 versus −0.0050 g/cm2/year, p = 0.001); no significant differences in BMD were observed among women who were early perimenopausal by calcium supplement use at baseline. No significant differences in the relative risk of fracture were observed, regardless of baseline menopausal status. The use of calcium supplements was associated with less BMD loss over more than a decade, but was not related to the risk of incident bone fracture across the menopause transition. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Prior restraint stress inhibits habituation to novel objects in the European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
Authors: de Bruijn Robert , Romero L. Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnimals often avoid novel objects, a behavior known as neophobia. We examined behavioral responses of captive European starlings to novel objects placed at their food dishes. Exposure occurred concurrently to food reintroduction following overnight fasting. Behavior was analyzed for 10 min via video recording. We expected an increase in avoidance behavior compared with trials in which food was reintroduced without a novel object. Seven of 10 novel objects increased latency to approach the dish. In contrast to our expectations, neither prior restraint nor exogenous corticosterone changed the neophobic response to novel objects. While exposure to a novel object increased approach latency, there was no additional effect of restraining animals in a cloth bag for 15 min before food reintroduction. Furthermore, the subcutaneous injection of corticosterone did not affect approach latency by itself, nor did it affect the response to a novel object. Finally, we expected repeated exposure to the same object to extinguishing the neophobic response, and that restraint stress would prevent habituation. Our results show that European starlings habituate rapidly to exposure to a novel object, as approach latency returned to baseline within three repeated exposures to the same object. When the repeated presentation of the object was combined with prior restraint, however, the latency to approach never returned to baseline. These results reveal that neophobia in starlings is object‐specific and that, while neither acute stress nor corticosterone directly affects the behavioral response to a novel object, acute stress appears to have a permissive effect on neophobia by inhibiting habituation.
One‐pot three‐component synthesis of novel 2‐(3‐nitro‐phenyl)‐quinazoline‐4‐carboxylic acid derivatives
Authors: Gok Dervis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA simple and easy synthesis of 2‐(3‐nitro‐phenyl)‐quinazoline‐4‐carboxylic acid (3) has been successfully developed through a one‐pot three‐component condensation reaction of (2‐amino‐phenyl)‐oxo‐acetic acid sodium salt (1) obtained from the hydrolysis of isatin with ammonium acetate and 3‐nitrobenzaldehyde. Some novel quinazoline‐ester derivatives 4‐7 were then obtained by the reaction between the new compound 3 and various alcohols. Then, quinazoline‐amide derivatives 10‐14 were synthesized from the reaction of various amines and 2‐(3‐nitro‐phenyl)‐quinazoline‐4‐carbonyl chloride (8), obtained by the reaction of compound 3 with SOCl2. Finally, some novel quinazoline‐azo derivatives 17‐19 were synthesized by the coupling reaction between β‐dicarbonyl compounds and the novel amino‐quinazoline derivative compound 15, obtained by reduction of nitro‐quinazoline derivative compound 11. Thus, a new series of quinazoline‐4‐carboxylic acid, ester, amide, and azo derivatives was synthesized and fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry analysis.
Evaluation of image quality of pituitary dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI using time‐resolved angiography with interleaved stochastic trajectories (TWIST) and iterative reconstruction TWIST (IT‐TWIST)
Authors: Yokota Yusuke , Fushimi Yasutaka , Okada Tomohisa , Fujimoto Koji , Oshima Sonoko , Nakajima Satoshi , Fujii Toshihito , Tanji Masahiro , Inagaki Nobuya , Miyamoto Susumu , Togashi Kaori 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundTime‐resolved angiography with interleaved stochastic trajectories (TWIST) is a keyhole imaging with frequent sampling of central k‐space data and view‐sharing for the peripheral k‐space of dynamic phases. IT‐TWIST is a technique to reconstruct images with a smaller temporal footprint using the same raw data obtained with TWIST by iterative reconstruction.PurposeTo compare image quality between TWIST and IT‐TWIST in 3D pituitary DCE‐MRI.Study TypeRetrospective observation study.PopulationFifty‐one patients (23 men, 28 women) who underwent 3D pituitary DCE‐MRI using TWIST between July 2016 and April 2017.Field Strength/Sequence3T/TWIST and IT‐TWIST.AssessmentVisual evaluation was conducted for image quality of delineation of the pituitary stalk and posterior lobe during the early arterial phase, cerebral white matter near the sella turcica, and the mass lesion. Bolus sharpness of the pituitary stalk, posterior lobe, and bilateral cavernous sinus was evaluated on the enhancement slope map calculated from TWIST and IT‐TWIST. Temporal stability of intensity of the nonenhanced area was evaluated on temporal standard deviation (SD) maps calculated from TWIST and IT‐TWIST.Statistical TestsPaired t‐test or Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used to test the differences between TWIST and IT‐TWIST in both visual evaluation and region of interest evaluation.ResultsScores of visual evaluations for IT‐TWIST were significantly better than those for TWIST (P < 0.001) in all items. Enhancement slope for IT‐TWIST was significantly higher than that for TWIST in posterior lobe, and right and left cavernous sinus (P < 0.001). Temporal SD for IT‐TWIST was significantly lower than that for TWIST in all items, with statistical significance (P < 0.001).Data ConclusionIT‐TWIST yielded better visualization, and better enhancement slope, and less temporal SD compared with TWIST in 3D pituitary DCE‐MRI.Evidence Level: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1497–1506.
Orthonormal Bernoulli polynomials collocation approach for solving stochastic Itô‐Volterra integral equations of Abel type
Authors: Samadyar Nasrin , Mirzaee Farshid 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, orthonormal Bernoulli collocation method has been developed to obtain the approximate solution of linear singular stochastic Itô‐Volterra integral equations. By applying this method, linear stochastic integral equation converts to linear system of algebraic equations. This system is achieved by approximating functions that appear in the stochastic integral equations by using orthonormal Bernoulli polynomials (OBPs) and then substituting these approximations into consideration equation. This linear system of algebraic equations can be solved via an appropriate numerical method and approximate solution of integral equation is obtained. A main advantage of this technique is that the condition number of the coefficient matrix of the system is small, which verify that THE proposed method is stable. Also, convergence and error analysis of the present method are discussed. Finally, two examples are given to show the pertinent properties, applicability, and accuracy of the present method.
Cover Image, Volume 99, Issue 14
Authors: Siebert Mareike , Berger Ralf Günter , Pfeiffer Franziska 
Published: October 2019

The cover image is based on the Short Communication Hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid in apple juice using a p‐coumaryl esterase of Rhizoctonia solani by Mareike Siebert et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9940.
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Temperature effects on retention and efficiency of butyl and lauryl acrylate porous polymer monoliths in capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Daniels Charlisa R. , Waguespack Brent L. , Hodges Slade A. , Bushey Michelle M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe development of organic porous polymer monoliths represents an alternative approach to stationary phase design. The use of these materials has helped to rekindle interest in capillary electrochromatography. Although a large number of investigations have explored different monolith recipes, polymerization conditions, and application challenges, few investigations have addressed the fundamentals of this separation mode with this type of material. This study addresses the thermodynamics of the reversed phase retention mechanism on 100% butyl acrylate and 1:3 butyl:lauryl acrylate (volume/volume ratio) porous polymer monoliths used in a capillary electrochromatography mode. Linear van't Hoff plots yield enthalpies of retention of −3.9 to −14.3 kJ/mol on two different, but related columns for five selected hydrophobic analytes across a thirty degree temperature range. Minimum plate heights were only moderately impacted over this temperature range.
An Empirical Crosswalk for the PTSD Checklist: Translating DSM‐IV to DSM‐5 Using a Veteran Sample
Authors: Moshier Samantha J. , Lee Daniel J. , Bovin Michelle J. , Gauthier Gabrielle , Zax Alexandra , Rosen Raymond C. , Keane Terence M. , Marx Brian P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) introduced numerous revisions to the fourth edition's (DSM‐IV) criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posing a challenge to clinicians and researchers who wish to assess PTSD symptoms continuously over time. The aim of this study was to develop a crosswalk between the DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 versions of the PTSD Checklist (PCL), a widely used self‐rated measure of PTSD symptom severity. Participants were 1,003 U.S. veterans (58.7% with PTSD) who completed the PCL for DSM‐IV (the PCL‐C) and DSM‐5 (the PCL‐5) during their participation in an ongoing longitudinal registry study. In a randomly selected training sample (n = 800), we used equipercentile equating with loglinear smoothing to compute a “crosswalk” between PCL‐C and PCL‐5 scores. We evaluated the correspondence between the crosswalk‐determined predicted scores and observed PCL‐5 scores in the remaining validation sample (n = 203). The results showed strong correspondence between crosswalk‐predicted PCL‐5 scores and observed PCL‐5 scores in the validation sample, ICC = .96. Predicted PCL‐5 scores performed comparably to observed PCL‐5 scores when examining their agreement with PTSD diagnosis ascertained by clinical interview: predicted PCL‐5, κ = 0.57; observed PCL‐5, κ = 0.59. Subsample comparisons indicated that the crosswalk's accuracy did not differ across characteristics including gender, age, racial minority status, and PTSD status. The results support the validity of this newly developed PCL‐C to PCL‐5 crosswalk in a veteran sample, providing a tool with which to interpret and translate scores across the two measures.
Evaluation of Cervical Elastography for Prediction of Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Low‐Risk Women: A Prospective Study
Authors: Du Liu , Zhang Li‐He , Zheng Qiao , Xie Hong‐Ning , Gu Yu‐Jun , Lin Mei‐Fang , Wu Li‐Hong 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine whether cervical elastographic parameters in addition to cervical length (CL) during the 3 trimesters of pregnancy would be predictive of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) among low‐risk women.MethodsThis work was a prospective nested case‐control study evaluating cervical elastographic parameters and CL in low‐risk women during the 3 trimesters of pregnancy. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to calculate significant covariates for prediction of sPTB. The area under the curve of the prediction model was calculated by using a receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsThere were 286 women (26 cases and 260 controls) included in the analysis. The parameters of cervical elasticity became softened and heterogeneous during the 3 trimesters of pregnancy in both women with and without sPTB. The differences in the mean strain value at the internal os of the cervix (IOS), ratio (strain ratio of the internal os to the external os) during the second trimester and the IOS during the third trimester between the groups had statistical significance (P < .01; P = .01; P < .01, respectively). The CL had no association with sPTB during the 3 trimesters. The IOS during the second trimester was a better predictor of sPTB, with an area under the curve of 0.730, and sensitivity was 72.73%.ConclusionsWe observed multiple elastographic parameters and demonstrated the physiologic changes in the cervix during the 3 trimesters of pregnancy. Furthermore, we found that the IOS during the second trimester can be helpful in predicting sPTB. However, the CL had no association with sPTB during the 3 trimesters of pregnancy.
The expression of human leukocyte antigen by human ejaculated spermatozoa
Authors: Sereshki Nasrin , Andalib Alireza , Ghahiri Ataollah , Mehrabian Ferdos , Sherkat Roya , Rezaei Abbas , Wilkinson David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAfter coitus and insemination, an inflammatory response is evident in the female reproductive tract (FRT). Semen contains a variety of immune‐activating components that have a major role in the induction of an immune response in the FRT. One of the most important is (human leukocyte antigen) HLA molecules which are present in soluble form in seminal plasma and in membrane form on the surface of cells (such as epithelial and leukocytes) existing in semen. Nevertheless, there is considerable debate over the expression of HLA antigens by human spermatozoa. Considering the critical role of HLA molecules in reproduction and the induction of an immune response, it is very important to clearly define HLA expression by spermatozoa and the role of these molecules in sperm morphology, motility, and strength to fertilize an egg. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine HLA expression by ejaculated spermatozoa. The results of this study will facilitate the design of future studies.MethodSemen samples were collected from 50 healthy men with normal semen status by masturbation after 2–3 days of sexual abstinence. After purification of normal spermatozoa, HLA class I & II expression was evaluated by quantitative real‐time PCR and flow cytometry methods.ResultsThe results showed the expression of both HLA class I & class II by spermatozoa. The results also showed that the expression of HLA class Ⅱ was significantly more than HLA class Ⅰ.ConclusionSpermatozoa express both HLA class I & class II molecules.
Individual variation in simulated fetal SAR assessed in multiple body models
Authors: Abaci Turk Esra , Yetisir Filiz , Adalsteinsson Elfar , Gagoski Borjan , Guerin Bastien , Grant P. Ellen , Wald Lawrence L. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeWe generate 12 models from 4 pregnant individuals to evaluate individual differences in local specific absorption rate (SAR) for differing body habitus and fetal and maternal positions.MethodsStructural MR images from 4 pregnant subjects (including supine and left‐lateral maternal positions) were manually segmented to create 12 body models by rotating the fetus, modifying the fat content, and altering the maternal arm position in 1 of the subjects. Electromagnetic simulations modeled at 3 Tesla determined the average and peak local SAR in the maternal trunk, fetus, fetal brain, and amniotic fluid.ResultsWe observed a significant range of fetal and maternal peak local SAR across the models (maternal trunk: 19.14‐44.03 watts/kg, fetus: 9.93‐18.79 watts/kg, fetal brain 3.36‐10.3 watts/kg). We found that maternal body habitus changes introduced a significant variation in the maternal peak local SAR but not the fetal local SAR. However, the maternal position (either rotating the mother to left–lateral position or altering the arm position) introduced changes in fetal peak local SAR (range: 11.9‐17.9 watts/kg). Rotating the fetus also introduced variation in the fetal and fetal brain peak local SAR.ConclusionThe observed variation in SAR emphasizes the need for more anatomical models to enable better safety management of individuals during fetal MRI, including a wider range of gestational ages.