bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maize root and shoot litter quality controls short-term CO2 and N2O emissions and bacterial community structure of arable soil
Authors: Rummel Pauline Sophie , Pfeiffer Birgit , Pausch Johanna , Well Reinhard , Schneider Dominik , Dittert Klaus 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Chemical composition of root and shoot litter controls
decomposition and, subsequently, C availability for biological nitrogen
transformation processes in soils. While aboveground plant residues have
been proven to increase N2O emissions, studies on root litter effects
are scarce. This study aimed (1) to evaluate how fresh maize root litter
affects N2O emissions compared to fresh maize shoot litter, (2) to
assess whether N2O emissions are related to the interaction of C and N
mineralization from soil and litter, and (3) to analyze changes in soil
microbial community structures related to litter input and N2O
emissions. To obtain root and shoot litter, maize plants (Zea mays L.) were cultivated with two
N fertilizer levels in a greenhouse and harvested. A two-factorial 22 d
laboratory incubation experiment was set up with soil from both N levels
(N1, N2) and three litter addition treatments (control, root, root + shoot).
We measured CO2 and N2O fluxes, analyzed soil mineral N and water-extractable organic C (WEOC) concentrations, and determined quality
parameters of maize litter. Bacterial community structures were analyzed
using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Maize litter quality controlled NO3- and WEOC availability and
decomposition-related CO2 emissions. Emissions induced by maize root
litter remained low, while high bioavailability of maize shoot litter
strongly increased CO2 and N2O emissions when both root and shoot
litter were added. We identified a strong positive correlation between
cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions, supporting our hypothesis that
litter quality affects denitrification by creating plant-litter-associated
anaerobic microsites. The interdependency of C and N availability was
validated by analyses of regression. Moreover, there was a strong positive
interaction between soil NO3- and WEOC concentration resulting in
much higher N2O emissions, when both NO3- and WEOC were
available. A significant correlation was observed between total CO2 and
N2O emissions, the soil bacterial community composition, and the litter
level, showing a clear separation of root + shoot samples of all remaining
samples. Bacterial diversity decreased with higher N level and higher input
of easily available C. Altogether, changes in bacterial community structure
reflected degradability of maize litter with easily degradable C from maize
shoot litter favoring fast-growing C-cycling and N-reducing bacteria of the
phyla Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. In conclusion, litter quality is a major driver of N2O
and CO2 emissions from crop residues, especially when soil mineral N is
limited.
Rainfall Estimates on a Gridded Network (REGEN) – a global land-based gridded dataset of daily precipitation from 1950 to 2016
Authors: Contractor Steefan , Donat Markus G. , Alexander Lisa V. , Ziese Markus , Meyer-Christoffer Anja , Schneider Udo , Rustemeier Elke , Becker Andreas , Durre Imke , Vose Russell S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. We present a new global land-based daily precipitation dataset from 1950 using an interpolated network of in situ data called Rainfall Estimates on a Gridded Network – REGEN. We merged multiple archives of in situ data including two of the largest archives, the Global Historical Climatology Network – Daily (GHCN-Daily) hosted by National Centres of Environmental Information (NCEI), USA, and one hosted by the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) operated by Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). This resulted in an unprecedented station density compared to existing datasets. The station time series were quality-controlled using strict criteria and flagged values were removed. Remaining values were interpolated to create area-average estimates of daily precipitation for global land areas on a 1∘ × 1∘ latitude–longitude resolution. Besides the daily precipitation amounts, fields of standard deviation, kriging error and number of stations are also provided. We also provide a quality mask based on these uncertainty measures. For those interested in a dataset with lower station network variability we also provide a related dataset based on a network of long-term stations which interpolates stations with a record length of at least 40 years. The REGEN datasets are expected to contribute to the advancement of hydrological science and practice by facilitating studies aiming to understand changes and variability in several aspects of daily precipitation distributions, extremes and measures of hydrological intensity. Here we document the development of the dataset and guidelines for best practices for users with regards to the two datasets.
Quantifying seasonal cornice dynamics using a terrestrial laser scanner in Svalbard, Norway
Authors: Hancock Holt , Eckerstorfer Markus , Prokop Alexander , Hendrikx Jordy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Snow cornices develop along mountain ridges, edges of plateaus, and marked inflections in topography throughout regions with seasonal and permanent snow cover. Despite the recognized hazard posed by cornices in mountainous locations, limited modern research on cornice dynamics exists and accurately forecasting cornice failure continues to be problematic. Cornice failures and associated cornice fall avalanches comprise a majority of observed avalanche activity and endanger human life and infrastructure annually near Longyearbyen in central Svalbard, Norway. In this work, we monitored the seasonal development of the cornices along the plateaus near Longyearbyen with a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) during the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 winter seasons. The spatial resolution at which
we acquired snow surface data with TLS enabled us to observe and quantify
changes to the cornice systems in detail not previously achieved. We focused primarily on the evolution and failure of the lower cornice surfaces where accessibility has precluded previous research. We measured cornice accretion rates in excess of 10 mm h−1 during several accretion events coinciding with winter storms. We observed five cornice fall avalanche events following periods of cornice accretion and one event following a warm period with midwinter rain. The results of our investigation provide quantitative reinforcement to existing conceptual models of cornice dynamics and illustrate cornice response to specific meteorological events. Our results demonstrate the utility of TLS for monitoring cornice processes and as a viable method for quantitative cornice studies in this and other locations where cornices are of scientific or operational interest.
Prognostic impact of EGFR and KRAS mutations in lung cancer survival during pre-tki era: the real scenario at a cancer public center of reference in Brazil
Authors: Almeida Thais Abreu , Nardin Jeanine Marie , Jurgensen Amanda , Takahashi Janaina , Jung Juliana , Losso Graziele , Casali-da-Rocha José C. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the genetic tests is fundamental for the adequate treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Given that access to this evaluation is still limited for those who depend on the Brazilian Public Health System, it seems important to provide regulatory agencies with epidemiological and prognostic information to guide future health policies and guidelines in Brazil. This work aims to characterize EGFR and KRAS mutations in NSCLC and associating them with patients demographic and tumor clinical-pathologic features. Methods: From 2004 to 2017, 237 metastatic NSCLC patients treated at Erasto Gäertner Cancer Hospital were included in this study. Electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed and the mutational status EGFR and KRAS were defined. Results: We detected EGFR mutation in 20 samples (15.7%), and KRAS mutation in 26 samples (21.5%). The majority of EGFR mutations was detected within the exon 19 (n=9, 45.0%), and for KRAS G12V (n=8, 30.8%) and G12C (n=8, 30.8%) were the hotspots. The median overall survival was 11 months. We did not detect any statistical differences in survival rates between mutated and wild-type tumors neither for EGFR (p=0.898) nor for KRAS (p=0.458). Only two patients had access to TKI and were considered outliers with the best survival rates. Conclusion: We described important information about NSCLC biological behavior in a population treated in a reference public cancer center in South Brazil. Studies like this highlight the magnitude that TKI treatment could have in the overall survival of patients with NSCLC after being introduced into the SUS. Future studies that address the economic impact of this issue are also needed. Here we also make a comparison of our results with other regions of Brazil that have different genetic backgrounds to evaluate the impact of targeted therapies.
Induction chemotherapy with cisplatin plus weekly paclitaxel followed by chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Silva Sargeele , Grochot Rafael , Weschenfelder Debora Cristina , Pescador Cláudio , Gotardo Catherine , Gnatta Diego , Reiriz André , Brollo Janaina 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThe paclitaxel-cisplatin is a non-infusional alternative for induction chemotherapy (IC) for LASCCHN based on phase-II trials. Here, we describe our institutional experience with this combination in Southern Brazil. Methods: Thirty-three consecutive patients with unresectable LASCCHN were selected between April/2012 and June/2014. They received weekly paclitaxel 80mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15 and cisplatin 75mg/m2 on day 1 for three cycles followed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with cisplatin at standard dose. Overall response, toxicity, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Results: The median follow-up was 25.5 months. Median age was 58.6 years and 96% had PS 1. Most patients presented with bulky disease at stages IVA and IVB (60.6% and 21.2%, respectively). Concerning primary site of tumor, 33.3% were oropharingeal tumors, 27.3% larynx tumors and 33.3% oral cavity tumors. The majority of patients had both smoking and alcohol abuse records. Twenty-eight patients (84.8%) at the time of diagnosis had a BMI <25. Twenty-seven patients (81.8%) completed the planned treatment and three patients (9%) underwent exclusive radiotherapy after IC. All patients were evaluated for response; 75.7% presented complete response and 21.2% presented partial response. Severe toxicity (grades 3-5) for asthenia, neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 6.1%, 9.1%, 6.1% and 3% of patients, respectively. One treatment-related death was associated with febrile neutropenia. The 2- and 3-year PFS rates were 63.3% and 68.4%, respectively; 2- and 3-year OS rates were 62.3.5% and 50.6%. Conclusions: Our results corroborate previous observations that IC (paclitaxel-cisplatin) is a well-tolerated and highly active regimen for the treatment of patients with LASSHNC, being associated with acceptable toxicity, good locoregional control and survival rates. This may be a good treatment option for patients in developing countries.
Narrative Review about Importance of Nutrition on Survivors and in the Prevention of Cancer
Authors: Lopes Giovanna Guimarães , Oliveira Renan Gianotto , Piovacari Silvia Maria Fraga , Leung Maria do Carmo Azevedo , Toledo Diogo Oliveira , Barrere Ana Paula Noronha 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTCancer is the second leading cause of death in Brazil. This study aimed to review the nutrition role in prevention and post-treatment of cancer as a health promoter. Regarding prevention, when analyzing lifestyle (obesity and physical activity), there was a positive correlation between body mass index and body fat with incidence in several types of cancer; physical activity shown an inverse correlation. Ethanol consumption, frying, red meat and processed meats eaten carefully or even avoided. Differently, the consumption of fruits and vegetables should be stimulated. Bioactive compounds are shown with well elucidated actions, and also as a healthy eating habit. In relation to survivors, the healthy lifestyle is capable of ensuring a better quality of life for this population, as well as preventing them from new diseases. This review highlights the importance of adequate lifestyle and eating habits, stimulates public health policy and more scientific research in this field.
Barriers to participation in clinical trials: cross-sectional study on perceptions of oncology patient advocacy group webpage in Brazil
Authors: Julian Guilherme Silva , Bueno Christiane , Martins Renata Eiras , de-Barros Luciana Holz Camargo 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Clinical trials (CT) represent an important alternative treatment for oncologic patients. Also, CTs represent an essential step to development of improved therapeutic strategies. However, little is known on Brazilian perception regarding CT. The aim of this survey was to describe the overall perception of CT in Brazilian participants of oncology patient advocacy group. Design and setting: Cross-sectional survey conducted online through patient advocacy group website. Methods: From April 2012 to October 2014, 254 respondents answered an internet-based survey related to knowledge on CT from an independent nonprofit oncology patient advocacy group. Results: Overall, about 85% of respondents stated they would participate in an oncology trial. Of all respondents, 99.9% believe that CTs can contribute positively to advancement of cancer treatment by increasing the scientific knowledge, improving the treatment, finding a cure, providing a new treatment option, or improving the quality of life. Also, 96% affirmed they have already had some information on CT, being internet the most used form of communication (69%), followed by physicians orientation (8%), magazines and newspaper (8%), and hospital handout material (7%). In addition, only 18 respondents reported previously participation in CTs (6.9%), and approximately 10% answered they knew someone that participated in a CT (e.g. friend or other). Conclusions: This survey demonstrated that respondents associate CT as an option in cancer treatment; however, only a small number of respondents have participated in a CT previously. The data indicate the lack of available information as the current major barrier to CT participation in Brazil.
Prognostic Factors Associated with the Efficacy of Hepatic Transarterial Embolization in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Nuñez Jose Eduardo , Zurstrassen Charles , Barros Milton , Uema Deise , Lopez Rossana , Riechelmann Rachel 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Introduction: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of hepatic transarterial embolization (TAE) or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with irresectable liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) treated at two Brazilian cancer centers. Methods: Retrospective multicenter analysis of patients (pts) with histological diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor of any origin with unresectable and measurable hepatic metastases who underwent at least one procedure of TAE or TACE. Endpoints: Hepatic progression free survival (HPFS), overall survival (OS), tumor response and toxicity assessment. Results: Thirty-six pts were evaluated. Primary tumors were as follow: midgut 20 pts, pancreas 7 pts, others 9 pts. Most of patients had grade (G) 1-2 tumors (93.3%). In patients with functioning NETs, clinically significant symptomatic control was 41.7%. Concerning type of embolization (TAE vs TACE), there were no significant differences in the proportion of patients achieving reduction of at least 50% of 5HIAA (45.5% vs 50%) and radiological disease control rate (91.3% vs 92.3%), respectively. In a median follow up of 40.8 months (m), median HPFS was 38.9m, and mean OS was 98m (median not reached). No significant differences were found in HPFS or OS by type of embolization procedure. Pancreatic primary tumor and G3 tumor by WHO classification were associated with significantly shorter HPFS. Tumor G3 was also associated with shorter OS. Adverse events of any grade were: abdominal pain (13.8%), fever (5.5%), and 2 pts developed biloma. Conclusion: Our study is the first in our region reporting results of TAE/TACE in patients with irresectable liver metastases from NETs. We observed that pts with pancreatic or G3 NET derive less benefit from these procedures. In pts with G1-2 NETs, both techniques offer similar results.
Overview and different perspectives on possible treatments related to NUT carcinoma: a systematic review
Authors: Lopes Antonia Nayra Gomes , Furtado Martinho Hermeson de Matos , Silva Karen Giselly Paulo , Sousa Lindvaldo de Oliveira , Aguiar Andrezza Vasconcelos do Vale , Silveira Giovanni Ciarlini 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTNUT carcinoma (midline testicular carcinoma nuclear protein) is a relatively new, rare, aggressive and underdiagnosed entity. Its sites of involvement are medial structures of the head and neck and mediastinum, but other sites may be affected, and even in so-called common structures, the clinical course may impress. The objective of this systematic review was to describe the pathophysiological characteristics of NUT carcinoma and to analyze the types of treatments employed and their efficacy. Throughout the text, treatment - chemotherapy-related forms have been discussed that have led to the complete remission of tumors in some cases, such as the treatment regimen: alternating cycles of vincristine / doxorubicin / ifosfamide and cisplatin / doxorubicin / ifosfamide combined with focal radiotherapy (Scandinavian protocol for inoperable Ewings sarcoma). Other possible future therapies are discussed, in addition to the role of alpha- fetoprotein as a prognostic factor.
Entre théories et pratiques : la nature, sujet de droit dans la constitution équatorienne, considérations critiques sur une vieille antienne
Authors: Belaidi Rabah 
Published: February 2020

La question de l’octroi de la personnalité juridique à la nature est une idée qui traverse les fondements du droit de l’environnement depuis plus de quarante ans. Le thème connaît un regain d’intérêt au sein de la doctrine juridique de divers systèmes de droits et présente une acuité particulière au vu des expériences en cours de réalisation en Amérique du Sud. Une traduction juridique a été donnée par la Constitution équatorienne de 2008 qui a érigé la nature comme un sujet de droit à part entière, annonçant ainsi une grande « première ». La présente contribution analyse les évolutions juridiques ainsi que les conceptions théoriques qui sous-tendent ces changements constitutionnels. Sans prétendre à une évaluation du droit et des décisions de justice postérieures à l’entrée en vigueur de la constitution, cet article entend faire l’apport de critiques sur l’octroi de la qualité de sujet à la nature. Insérée dans un contexte théorique syncrétique mêlant références à des notions mythiques amérindiennes, systèmes contemporains de résolution des conflits et conceptions post-modernes de l’interprétation constitutionnelle, l’attribution de la personnalité juridique à la nature est indissociable du nouveau constitutionnalisme latino-américain. Il apparaît que, loin de pouvoir illustrer une révolution du ou dans le droit, la Constitution équatorienne et l’application qui en est faite par les tribunaux ne démontrent pas disposer d’un degré de protection supérieur aux systèmes dits « classiques ». Le pouvoir politique à l’origine de la création de la Constitution montre également les limites des conceptions supposément nouvelles face à des configurations de logique d’économie globalisée et d’intérêts à préserver.
La lutte contre la cybercriminalité à l’échelle de l’Union : analyse de l’évolution juridique d’un phénomène à la confluence de plusieurs agendas institutionnels
Authors: Berthelet Pierre 
Published: February 2020

La lutte contre la cybercriminalité à l’échelle de l’Union européenne naît du constat que, face à un phénomène d’ampleur transnationale, ses États membres ne peuvent agir de manière isolée. Une action spécifique se structure dès lors progressivement. S’il était davantage question de « criminalité informatique », le terme de cybercriminalité va peu à peu s’imposer, au fur et à mesure que l’action de l’Union se singularise. La lutte contre ce phénomène tend à se trouver à la convergence d’agendas institutionnels qui favorisent une dynamique intégrative puissante : le marché numérique européen, l’espace pénal européen, la cybersécurité et la sécurité intérieure, notamment.
L’Union européenne face au défi de l’anthropocène : du droit du développement durable aux droits de la Nature ?
Authors: Clerc Olivier 
Published: February 2020

Au commencement de la construction européenne, le droit des communautés européennes apparaissait largement anthropocentré. La protection de l’environnement ne figurait en effet pas dans les traités qui étaient essentiellement tournés vers l’objectif d’assurer les libertés de circulation et, au-delà, de la réalisation d’un marché intérieur. Depuis, face à l’anthropocène, les fondements éthiques du législateur de l’Union européenne ont évolué en ce qu’il retranscrit, aujourd’hui, en droit, des considérations propres à une éthique pathocentrée, en protégeant le « bien-être animal », voire écocentrée en luttant contre la disparition des espèces et de leurs habitats menacés. Force est toutefois de constater que, tant les règlementations européennes que la jurisprudence qui en est issue, continuent à largement sacrifier les intérêts des entités naturelles au profit des intérêts humains lorsque, immanquablement, se produisent des conflits d’intérêts. Le droit de l’Union européenne est ainsi encore très éloigné des avancées réalisées dans de nombreuses régions du monde, notamment dans certains États d’Amérique latine, dans lesquelles une refondation écocentrée du droit de l’environnement semble être en cours de réalisation. La nature n’y est en effet plus considérée comme un objet de droit, mais a été érigée, quelquefois dans des textes de valeur constitutionnelle, en sujet de droit.
À propos de certaines implications juridiques du Brexit dans le domaine de la lutte contre les changements climatiques
Authors: de Lassus Saint-Geniès Géraud 
Published: February 2020

Le Brexit n’est pas un sujet que l’on associe d’ordinaire aux changements climatiques. Pourtant, comme la politique climatique du Royaume-Uni est étroitement imbriquée avec celle de l’Union européenne, la perspective du Brexit fait aussi apparaître dans ce domaine particulier un ensemble de questions juridiques. Par exemple, les traités sur le climat étant des accords mixtes, le Royaume-Uni y sera-t-il encore partie une fois sorti de l’Union européenne? Qu’adviendra-t-il des engagements qu’il a pris conjointement avec l’Union dans le cadre de ces traités? Au sein de quel groupe de négociation prendra-t-il part aux discussions onusiennes sur le climat ? Et continuera-t-il de participer au marché du carbone européen? L’objectif de cet article consiste à apporter des éléments de réponse à ces différentes questions et à mettre en lumière la complexité des enjeux juridiques que le Brexit soulève dans le domaine du droit des changements climatiques.