bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing Excessive Gingival Display Using a Digital Workflow
Authors: Ahmed Walaa Magdy , Hans Amandeep , Verhaeghe Tyler V. , Nguyen Caroline 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis technique article describes an approach to managing excessive gingival display by lengthening of the clinical crowns using a digital workflow. An intraoral scanner was used to obtain a template to be used for the crown lengthening surgical procedure considering the patient‐desired diagnostic setups while fully seating the template on the patient's teeth during surgery. Using a digital approach for lengthening the clinical crowns decreased the likelihood of the need for postsurgical modifications, thus shortening the treatment duration. After the crown lengthening healed for 12 weeks, full‐mouth reconstruction proceeded. Maxillary and mandibular preparation reduction guides were digitally designed and printed to facilitate conservative crown preparations. An intraoral scanner was used to make full‐arch scans and interocclusal records for the fabrication of provisional and final crowns. Fully guided implant planning and placement were also executed.
Educational or behavioural interventions for symptoms and health‐related quality of life in adults receiving haemodialysis: A systematic review
Authors: Sharma Sita , Green Theresa , Alexander Kimberly E. , Bonner Ann 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYBackgroundPeople with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) suffer from multiple symptoms, which have a negative impact on their health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Educational and behavioural interventions are being developed for this population; however, the effect of these interventions is unclear.AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of educational or behavioural interventions compared with standard care or alternative strategies on reducing symptoms and improving HRQoL in adults with ESKD receiving haemodialysis (HD).MethodsAn effectiveness systematic review using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) procedures was conducted on experimental studies [randomised controlled trials (RCTs), pseudo‐RCTs and quasi‐experimental designs] published in English between January 2009 and July 2019. Studies were retrieved from CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial) and JBI databases. Effect size at 95% confidence interval was calculated where possible.ResultsEighteen studies involving 791 participants were included in this review. All studies involved behavioural interventions with the majority of studies (n = 11) targeting psychological symptoms. Interventions were categorised as either active or passive. Active interventions seemed to improve some physical symptoms, although there was very little evidence of improvements to HRQoL. Passive interventions tended to have a large effect on psychological symptoms and the mental health components of HRQoL.ConclusionDue to great heterogeneity between studies, meta‐analyses could not be conducted further limiting the evidence to inform practice. In addition, further research on educational interventions to teach self‐management strategies for symptom management and to improve HRQoL in people with ESKD receiving HD are needed.
Mothers' experiences of exclusive breastfeeding in a postdischarge home setting
Authors: Van Ryneveld Manya , Mwangome Martha , Kahindi Jane , Jones Caroline 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRe‐establishment and maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is recommended by the World Health Organization for the nutritional rehabilitation of malnourished infants under 6 months; however, there is no explicit guidance on how this should be achieved. The IBAMI study—a pilot study conducted in Kilifi, Kenya—implemented these recommendations using an intervention for hospitalized infants and their mothers that included ward‐based breastfeeding peer supporters. This paper explores how the challenges of maintaining EBF are recontextualized after infant hospitalization for malnutrition. Four weeks after discharge, semistructured interviews on experiences of trying to maintain EBF in a postdischarge home setting were conducted with a total of 20 mothers. Although most stated the aspiration of maintaining EBF for 6 months, a range of challenges were reported and not all had successfully maintained EBF post discharge. Reported challenges include the stress of household chores, food insecurity, technical difficulties and social stigma of expressing breast milk, pressure from neighbours and family members to introduce mixed feeding, and needing more community‐based awareness and support. Most of these challenges were specific to the home setting and were not easily surmountable, despite the breastfeeding practices mothers had learned in the ward. Indeed, in some cases, challenges were exacerbated by the overmedicalized nature of the breastfeeding practices taught in the ward. In order to aid the transition from ward to home, there may be a need to further translate ward‐based education and promotional messaging for EBF into a community setting, targeting other caregivers as well.
Proton pump inhibitors enhance intestinal permeability via dysbiosis of gut microbiota under stressed conditions in mice
Authors: Takashima Shingo , Tanaka Fumio , Kawaguchi Yunosuke , Usui Yuki , Fujimoto Kosuke , Nadatani Yuji , Otani Koji , Hosomi Shuhei , Nagami Yasuaki , Kamata Noriko , Taira Koichi , Tanigawa Tetsuya , Watanabe Toshio , Imoto Seiya , Uematsu Satoshi , Fujiwara Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal permeability and psychological stress are considered the key mechanism(s) in functional dyspepsia (FD). Although proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used for the treatment of FD, the effect of PPIs on intestinal permeability has not been elucidated. This study investigated the effect of PPI on intestinal permeability under stressed conditions.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were subjected to water avoidance stress (WAS) and administered rabeprazole (40 mg/kg) or vehicle treatment (VT). We then evaluated intestinal permeability both in vivo and ex vivo using plasma fluorescein isothiocyanate‐dextran and by assessing the paracellular permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in an Ussing chamber, respectively. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of PPI‐treated fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) on intestinal permeability in vivo. Microbiota profiles of donor feces were assessed by 16S rRNA gene analysis using MiSeq and QIIME2.Key ResultsIn the WAS treatment, PPI significantly enhanced intestinal permeability in vivo compared to that in VT. Moreover, PPI significantly increased paracellular permeability and decreased TEER in the duodenum and jejunum, respectively, compared to those in VT under stressed conditions. Moreover, both vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist and ketotifen significantly reversed the effect of PPI on intestinal permeability. Furthermore, PPI‐treated FMT significantly increased the intestinal permeability in vivo compared to that in vehicle‐treated FMT. Proton pump inhibitors treatment altered the gut microbiota composition, indicating that PPI induced dysbiosis.Conclusions and InferencesUnder stressed conditions, PPI enhances intestinal permeability via dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and mast cells are also implicated in the underlying mechanisms.
Perioperative aspiration events in children: A report from the Wake Up Safe Collaborative
Authors: Pfaff Kayla E. , Tumin Dmitry , Miller Rebecca , Beltran Ralph J. , Tobias Joseph D. , Uffman Joshua C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPerioperative aspiration, while rare, is a serious complication of anesthetic care. Consequences of aspiration may include physical obstruction, wheezing, and pneumonia, resulting in mild to severe hypoxemia and even death.AimWe used a multi‐institutional registry of pediatric patients to identify factors that influence the rate and resulting harm of perioperative pulmonary aspiration.MethodsThe Wake Up Safe registry was queried for all severe adverse events reported from 29 institutions from 2010 to 2017. Aspiration events were identified through the “respiratory adverse event” data entry form or through free text search. Multivariable regression was used to predict aspiration events, and contributory factors were identified by reviewing free text case comments.ResultsAnalysis included 2 440 810 anesthetics administered involving patients ≤18 years of age. There were 135 pulmonary aspiration events, for an incidence of 0.006%. Within these 135 cases, 110 cases (82%) resulted in escalation of care and 51 (38%) resulted in patient harm, including 2 deaths (1.5%). In multivariable analysis, patients undergoing emergency surgery (OR 2.0 [1.2‐3.5]) or with higher ASA status were more likely to experience aspiration (ASA 3 (OR 5.0 [2.6‐9.1]); ASA ≥ 4 (OR 5.5 [3.8‐16.8])). Noted causes of aspiration included gastrointestinal comorbid conditions (19%), postcoughing event or laryngospasm (14%), nil per os (NPO) violation (11%), blood or secretions in the airway following or during the procedure (6%), and oral premedication reaction (3%).ConclusionAlthough infrequent, death was reported as a consequence of perioperative aspiration in two patients. The frequency with which NPO violations were identified as a potential cause of aspiration highlights the struggles institutions face with adherence to NPO regulations, as these cases may be preventable. Furthermore, preventive measures may be needed to address other common causes of aspiration, such as gastrointestinal comorbid conditions.
Nocturnal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy in pediatric renal transplant recipients in South India
Authors: Pais Priya , Dello Strologo Luca , Iyengar Arpana , Velusamy Vasanthakumar , Greenbaum Larry A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHTN after renal transplantation is associated with cardiovascular morbidity. ABPM allows diagnosis of masked HTN and isolated nocturnal HTN. Longitudinal ABPM data in children post‐transplant are limited. ABPM was performed in children post‐transplant and repeated in 6‐12 months. BP indices were used to determine the prevalence of masked HTN, masked uncontrolled HTN (masked HTN in patients on antihypertensive medications), and isolated nocturnal HTN. Linear regression determined the association between LVMI and ABPM indices. Thirty children underwent a baseline ABPM. Ambulatory HTN was present in 25 (83%). Masked HTN was present in 18 (60%) and isolated nocturnal HTN in 13 (43%). Nocturnal ambulatory BP was higher than corresponding daytime BPs (P < .001 for systolic and diastolic) and 25 (83%) had a blunted nocturnal dip. Prednisone dose predicted nocturnal DBP index and DBP load (r2 = .40,P = .024 andr2 = .178,P = .02). ABPM was repeated in 18 patients within 11 (±3) months. BP indices decreased with time, but nocturnal BPs remained higher than daytime (P < .001 for SBP and DBP). Blunted nocturnal dip did not improve. LVH was present in 12 (57%). LVMI was directly related to the nocturnal SBP index (r2 = .377,P = .003) and nocturnal DBP index (r2 = .493,P < .001). We found no association between LVMI and daytime BP indices. The prevalence of masked HTN, isolated nocturnal HTN, and blunted nocturnal dip was high in children with kidney transplants. Nocturnal BP predicted LVMI. Ambulatory BP improved on longitudinal follow‐up, but the pattern of isolated nocturnal HTN persisted.
Milk vetch dwarf virus infection in the Solanaceae and Caricaceae families in Southeast Asia
Authors: Lal Aamir , Kil Eui‐Joon , Thuy Vo T. B. , Fadhila Chairina , Ho Phuong T. , Byun Hee‐Seong , Dao Hang T. , Kim Ji‐Kwang , Lee Sukchan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMilk vetch dwarf virus (MDV) is an important member of the genus Nanovirus and is transmitted by the aphid Aphis craccivora. MDV has multiple single‐stranded DNA genome components, each approximately 1 kb, and two or three alpha‐satellite molecules. It mainly infects plants of the legume family Fabaceae. Recently, papaya (Carica papaya) collected in Yesan, South Korea, displaying symptoms of leaf yellowing and dwarfism, was identified as a new host for MDV. To examine the geographical distribution of MDV, papaya samples with symptoms were harvested in South Korea, Vietnam, and Taiwan in August 2018, along with tomato and pepper samples grown in adjacent fields in Vietnam. The results revealed the presence of MDV not only in papaya but also in pepper and tomato. This MDV infection in members of the Solanaceae family was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization performed using a PCR product of segment S as a probe. Based on sequence analysis of three MDV components (M, S, and C3), we verified the presence of three different isolates of MDV in these three countries and homology between sequences of isolates from papaya and from members of the Solanaceae from Vietnam. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate MDV infection in Vietnam and Taiwan for the first time and confirm that MDV can infect economically important pepper and tomato.
State Fiscal Constraints and Local Responses: Evidence from the Property Tax Limit Overrides in Massachusetts
Authors: Wei Wenchi , Butler J. S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis research examines the determinants of the likelihood of property tax limit override attempts and successes in the context of Massachusetts's Proposition 2½. The authors apply the “Leviathan” government theory, median voter theory, and agenda‐setting theory to develop theoretical expectations and use data from Massachusetts municipalities for 1991–2013 as a sample for empirical tests. Override attempts are not randomly proposed; therefore, the two‐stage Heckman selection model is used to address selection bias in the investigation of the likelihood of override successes. Results show that a higher property tax rate reduces the likelihood of government officials’ override attempts, but previous override experiences have a positive influence. Voters bearing a higher property tax rate are less likely to approve the override, but override experiences in the previous year and the “menu” approach increase the likelihood of approval. Relatively more evidence supports the Leviathan government and agenda‐setting theories in explaining overrides of Massachusetts's property tax limit.
Making sense of the LULUCF Regulation: Much ado about nothing?
Authors: Savaresi Annalisa , Perugini Lucia , Chiriacò Maria Vincenza 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe 2030 European Union (EU) climate and energy policy framework includes for the first time a dedicated instrument concerning greenhouse gas emissions and removals from land use, land‐use change and forestry (LULUCF). The new LULUCF Regulation marks a significant expansion of the EU climate and energy acquis, with ramifications for other sensitive areas, such as agriculture, forestry and renewable energy. The Regulation has had a particularly troubled negotiation history. It has already been at the centre of litigation, and is set to be revisited and amended by 2021. This article assesses the role of the Regulation in the 2030 climate and energy policy framework, trying to make sense of its troubled history, with a view to ascertaining whether the scepticism with which it has been welcomed is justified.
Calcium chelation: a novel approach to reduce cryopreservation‐induced damage to frozen platelets
Authors: Waters Lauren , Padula Matthew P. , Marks Denese C. , Johnson Lacey 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUNDCryopreserved platelets are phenotypically and functionally different to conventionally stored platelets. Calcium may be released from internal stores during the freeze–thaw process, initiating signaling events which lead to these alterations. It was hypothesized that the addition of a calcium chelator prior to cryopreservation may mitigate some of these changes.METHODSBuffy coat–derived platelets that had been pooled and split were tested fresh and following cryopreservation (n = 8 per group). Platelets were cryopreserved using 5%‐6% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or were supplemented with increasing concentrations of the internal calcium chelator, BAPTA‐AM (100 μM, 200 μM, or 400 μM), prior to storage at −80°C.RESULTSSupplementation of platelets with BAPTA‐AM prior to freezing improved platelet recovery in a dose response manner (400 μM: 84 ± 2%) compared to standard DMSO cryopreserved platelets (70 ± 4%). There was a loss of GPIbα, GPVI, and GPIIb/IIIa receptors on platelets following cryopreservation, which was rescued when platelets were supplemented with BAPTA‐AM (400 μM: p < 0.0001 for all). Platelet activation markers, such as phosphatidylserine and P‐selectin, were externalized on platelets following cryopreservation. However, the addition of BAPTA‐AM significantly reduced the increase of these activation markers on cryopreserved platelets (400 μM: p < 0.0001 for both). Both cryopreserved platelet groups exhibited similar functionality as assessed by thromboelastography, forming clots at a faster rate than fresh platelets.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that calcium plays a crucial role in mediating cryopreservation‐induced damage to frozen platelets. The addition of the calcium chelator, BAPTA‐AM, prior to cryopreservation reduces this damage.
Resilient Technologies Battling Climate Change
Authors: González Carlos M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Resilience technology can endure and overcome the ever-changing climate and natural disasters occurring in our world. As the world's temperature continues to rise, there has been an increase in the intensity and frequency of these natural disasters. From the fires in Australia and California to the rising ocean sea levels off the shores of Miami and the coasts of India, these natural disasters are not slowing down. This article delves deeper into ho improving our technology and infrastructure will be necessary to survive.
Biomechanical Analysis to Probe Role of Bone Condition and Subject Weight in Stiffness Customization of Femoral Stem for Improved Periprosthetic Biomechanical Response
Authors: Chatterjee Subhomoy , Roy Sandipan , Majumder Santanu , RoyChowdhury Amit 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStress shielding due to difference in stiffness of bone and implant material is one among the foremost causes of loosening and failure of load-bearing implants. Thus far, femoral geometry has been given priority for the customization of total hip joint replacement (THR) implant design. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the key role of bone condition and subject-weight on the customization of stiffness and design of the femoral stem. In particular, internal hollowness was incorporated to reduce the implant stiffness and such designed structure has been customized based on subject parameters, including bone condition and bodyweight. The primary aim was to tailor these parameters to achieve close to natural strain distribution at periprosthetic bone and to reduce interfacial bone loss over time. The maintenance of interfacial bone density over time has been studied here through analysis of bone remodeling (BR). For normal bodyweight, the highest hollowness exhibited clinically relevant biomechanical response, for all bone conditions. However, for heavier subjects, consideration of bone quality was found to be essential as higher hollowness induced bone failure in weaker bones and implant failure in stronger bones. Moreover, for stronger bone, thinner medial wall was found to reduce bone resorption over time on the proximo-lateral zone of stress shielding, while lateral thinning was found advantageous for weaker bones. The findings of this study are likely to facilitate designing of femoral stems for achieving better physiological outcomes and enhancement of the quality of life of patients undergoing THR surgery.
A Spectral Microplane Model for the Anisotropic Damage Behavior of Shales
Authors: Li Mingyao , Chen Xin , Zhou Dong , Su Yewang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe development of constitutive models for shales has been a challenge for decades due to the difficulty of characterizing the strongly anisotropic macroscopic behavior related to the inherent mesostructure and damage mechanisms. In this paper, a spectral microplane damage model is developed for the anisotropic damage behavior of shales. The modeling challenge of the anisotropic elasticity in the microplane model is theoretically overcome by the spectral decomposition theory without limitation on the degree of the anisotropy compared with other microplane models. The stiffness tensor of anisotropic shales is effectively decomposed into four different eigenmodes with the activation of certain groups of microplanes corresponding to the specific orientation of the applied stresses. The inherent and the induced anisotropic behavior is thus characterized by proposing suitable microplane relations on certain eigenmodes directly reflecting the initial mesostructure and the failure mechanisms. For the challenge of the postpeak softening behavior, two-scalar damage variables are introduced to characterize the tensile and the shear damage related to the opening and the closure of microcracks under different stress conditions. Comparison between numerical simulation and experimental data shows that the proposed model provides satisfactory predictions for both weakly and highly anisotropic shales including prepeak nonlinear behavior, failure strengths, and postpeak softening under different confining pressures and different bedding plane orientations.
Acute Effects of Tissue Flossing on Ankle Range of Motion and Tensiomyography Parameters
Authors: Vogrin Matjaž , Novak Fiona , Licen Teja , Greiner Nina , Mikl Samo , Kalc Miloš 
Published: April 2020

Context: Recently, a few papers have suggested that tissue flossing (TF) acutely improves range of motion (ROM) and neuromuscular performance. However, the effects of TF on muscle contractile properties are yet to be defined. Objective: To investigate the acute effects of TF on ankle ROM and associated muscle gastrocnemius medialis displacement and contraction time assessed with tensiomyography. Design: Crossover design in a single session. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Thirty recreationally trained volunteers (age 23.00 [4.51] y). Intervention: Active ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion were performed for the duration of 2 minutes (3 sets, 2-min rest between sets), while a randomly selected ankle was wrapped using TF elastic band (BAND) and the other ankle served as a control condition (CON). Main Outcome Measures: Participants performed an active ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion ROM test and muscle gastrocnemius medialis tensiomyography displacement and contraction time measurement pre, 5, 15, 30, and 45 minutes after the floss band application. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between BAND and CON conditions (active ankle plantar flexion ROM: P = .09; active ankle dorsiflexion ROM: P = .85); however, all ROM measurements were associated with medium or large effect sizes in favor of BAND compared with CON. No significant changes were observed in the tensiomyography parameters. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that TF applied to the ankle is a valid method to increase ROM and at the same time maintaining muscular stiffness.