bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy associates with alterations to the host and microbial proteome in vaginal mucosa
Authors: Farr Zuend Christina , Tobin Nicole H. , Vera Trisha , Kotyrba Lani , Noël‐Romas Laura , Birse Kenzie , Mutch Sarah , Li Fan , Lee David , McCorrister Stuart , Westmacott Garrett , Aldrovandi Grace M. , Burgener Adam D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProblemPregnant women are at increased risk of HIV acquisition, but the biological mechanisms contributing to this observation are not well understood.Method of StudyHere, we assessed host immune and microbiome differences in the vaginal mucosa of healthy pregnant and non‐pregnant women using a metaproteomics approach. Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples were collected from 23 pregnant and 25 non‐pregnant women.ResultsMass spectrometry analysis of CVL identified 550 human proteins and 376 bacterial proteins from 11 genera. Host proteome analysis indicated 56 human proteins (10%) were differentially abundant (P < .05) between pregnant and non‐pregnant women, including proteins involved in angiogenesis (P = 3.36E‐3), cell movement of phagocytes (P = 1.34E‐6), and permeability of blood vessels (P = 1.27E‐4). The major bacterial genera identified were Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, Prevotella, Megasphaera, and Atopobium. Pregnant women had higher levels of Lactobacillus species (P = .017) compared with non‐pregnant women. Functional pathway analysis indicated that pregnancy associated with changes to bacterial metabolic pathway involved in energy metabolism, which were increased in pregnant women (P = .035).ConclusionOverall, pregnant women showed differences in the cervicovaginal proteome and microbiome that may be important for HIV infection risk.
TSP1‐CD47‐SIRPα signaling facilitates the development of endometriosis by mediating the survival of ectopic endometrium
Authors: Liu Yukai , Li Mingqing , Wei Chunyan , Tang Lingli , Sheng Yanran , Liu Yuyin , Li Dajin , Ding Ding , Qiu Jianping , Zhu Xiaoyong 
Published: March 2020

ProblemTo explore whether the thrombospondin‐1(TSP1)‐CD47‐signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) signaling pathway has impacts on the development of endometriosis.Method of studyEndometrial stromal cells (ESCs) originated from ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissues with or without endometriosis. Monocytes (Macrophages) were isolated from peripheral blood and peritoneal fluids with or without endometriosis. The expression levels of molecules were investigated by flow cytometry (FCM), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and RT‐qPCR. The concentration of TSP1 was assessed via ELISA. The capacities of angiogenesis and phagocytosis were measured via tube formation assay and phagocytic assay, respectively.ResultsWe confirmed the up‐regulation of critical molecules within the pathway in endometriosis patients. TSP1 can encourage normal ESCs (NESCs) growth and fibrosis. It simultaneously promotes the secretion of inflammatory factors and inhibits the phagocytic abilities of macrophages. Moreover, the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) may be improved by TSP1. These effects may be offset by CD47 blocking antibodies. In addition, ectopic ESCs (EESCs) directly improve SIRPα expression on macrophages, which may further exhaust their phagocytic ability. Phagocytosis efficiency of macrophages on EESCs significantly improves by blocking CD47‐SIRPα pathway.ConclusionTSP1‐CD47‐SIRPα signaling pathway not only improves the viability of NESCs per se but also promotes their survival circumstances by affecting the function of macrophages and VECs, which are mutually reinforcing and jointly promote the development of endometriosis.
What Leads Entrepreneurial Employees to Want to Quit, or Stay in, Their Job? Exploring Two Conflicting Mechanisms
Authors: Ahmetoglu Gorkan , Nefyodova Valeriya , Chamorro‐Premuzic Tomas , Codreanu Sonia‐Cristina 
Published: March 2020

Past turnover research has posited personality traits as important antecedents to quit intentions. Nevertheless, previous literature has not investigated the relationship between employees’ entrepreneurial tendencies—a constellation of domain specific traits—and turnover. Drawing on dispositional trait theory and attraction‐selection‐attrition theory, we propose engagement and intentions to start a business as mediators of the relationship between entrepreneurial tendencies and quit intentions. We test our predictions in a sample of full‐time employees from the United Kingdom (N = 224). In line with our hypotheses, an inconsistent mediation is found, where both positive and negative links between entrepreneurial tendencies and turnover intentions were mediated by engagement and intentions to start a business respectively. Thus, entrepreneurial employees were more likely to be engaged, but at the same time also more likely to be considering starting their own business, leading to a conflicting relationship to turnover intentions. The current study informs the human resource management literature concerning the motivational mechanisms explaining turnover intentions among entrepreneurial employees. It also provides practical insights with regards to the effective management of this workforce.
Recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL‐positive Staphylococcus aureus strains: a challenge in clinical practice
Authors: Balakirski Galina , Hischebeth Gunnar , Altengarten Julia , Exner Daniel , Bieber Thomas , Dohmen Jonas , Engelhart Steffen 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBackgroundRecurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL‐positive Staphylococcus (S.) aureus strains represent an increasing problem in Germany. Although there have been several outbreaks at day care centers and in urban communities in recent years, there are currently no diagnostic algorithms or treatment recommendations for these particular infections in Germany.MethodsWe performed a literature search in the PubMed/MEDLINE database with the goal of developing an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of these infections. National and international recommendations were also considered.ResultsPanton‐Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a pore‐forming protein produced by certain S. aureus strains. Both methicillin‐susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains may carry the lukS‐lukF gene responsible for PVL production. The clinical presentation of infections caused by PVL‐positive S. aureus ranges from isolated recurrent abscesses to extensive furunculosis. Despite adequate treatment of primary infections, approximately 40 % of patients develop recurrent disease. The choice of treatment regimen is guided by the clinical presentation of the infection. In addition, some scientific literature recommends bacteriological screening of patients and their contacts, followed by decolonization of affected individuals.ConclusionsThe present article focuses on the pathogenesis and risk factors of recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL‐positive S. aureus strains and proposes a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for optimal patient care.
Age‐specific associations of glycated haemoglobin variability with cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 10‐ year cohort study
Authors: Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Chin Weng Yee , Ng Florence Ting Yan , Chia Shu Ming Cheryl , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Chan Esther Wai Yin , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate the associations of increased variability in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risk in patients with diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 147 811 patients aged 45 to 84 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus, without CVD and with at least three HbA1c values recorded before baseline in the period 2008 to 2010. HbA1c variability was evaluated using a mixed effects model to reduce regression dilution bias. Age‐specific associations (45– 54, 55– 64, 65– 74 and 75– 84 years) between HbA1c variability and risk of CVD and mortality were assessed by Cox regression, adjusted for patient characteristics and usual HbA1c.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 7.4 years(1.02 million person‐years), an overall incidence of 40 785 events including CVD (incidence 27  793) and all‐cause mortalities (incidence 23 175) were identified. Positive log‐linear associations between HbA1c variability and CVD and mortality were identified in all age groups. The hazard ratios (HRs) for the composite of CVD and all‐cause mortality showed that age was inversely associated with HbA1c variability, with a 28% higher risk per 1% increase in HbA1c variability in the age group 45 to 54 years (all composite outcomes: HR 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21, 1.35), whereas only a 14% higher risk in the 75– 84 age group (all composite outcomes: HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.11, 1.17). Subgroup analysis showed the risk in patients with usual HbA1c <53mmol/mol was about eight times higher than in those with usual HbA1c ≥64mmol/mol.ConclusionsHbA1c variability was strongly related to CVD and mortality in patients with diabetes across all age groups. Whilst pursuing optimal HbA1c targets, attention should be given to patients with high HbA1c variability, especially younger patients with good HbA1c control.
Synergistic and additive interactions among components of food‐based baits underlie female fruit fly attraction
Authors: Piñero Jaime C. , Souder Steven K. , Vargas Roger I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAttraction of tephritid fruit flies to some food sources can be enhanced by the presence of ammonia derivatives, compounds that are perceived as volatile cues for protein‐rich food sources. Using a comparative approach, we (1) evaluated the behavioral responses of females of three invasive fruit fly species, Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae (Coquillett), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (all Diptera: Tephritidae) to trub (a protein‐rich waste brewer’s yeast product generated during the production of beer), Concord grape juice (a protein‐deficient material), and ammonium acetate, and (2) identified synergistic and additive interactions between low‐ and high‐attractiveness materials and ammonium acetate. We established the attractiveness of fresh trub, grape juice, and ammonium acetate when tested singly to females of all three fly species. Although ammonium acetate did not enhance significantly the response of females of any species to fresh trub, the most attractive material, ammonium acetate, did significantly enhance females’ level of response to aged trub (a comparatively less attractive material) and to grape juice. Our research found a synergistic interaction between diluted grape juice and ammonium acetate for B. cucurbitae, as well as between aged trub and ammonium acetate for B. dorsalis. For C. capitata, additive effects among food attractants and ammonium acetate were identified. Our findings increase our understanding of fruit fly female olfactory‐driven behavior in response to food‐based materials and the extent to which ammonium acetate modulates female response to protein‐rich and protein‐deficient materials.
The myokine meteorin‐like (metrnl) improves glucose tolerance in both skeletal muscle cells and mice by targeting AMPKα2
Authors: Lee Jung Ok , Byun Won Seok , Kang Min Ju , Han Jeong Ah , Moon Jiyoung , Shin Min‐Jeong , Lee Ho Jun , Chung Ji Hyung , Lee Jin‐Seok , Son Chang‐Gue , Song Kwon‐Ho , Kim Tae Woo , Lee Eun‐Soo , Kim Hong Min , Chung Choon Hee , Ngoei Kevin R. W. , Ling Naomi X. Y. , Oakhill Jonathan S. , Galic Sandra , Murray‐Segal Lisa , Kemp Bruce E. , Kim Kyoung Min , Lim Soo , Kim Hyeon Soo 
Published: March 2020

Meteorin‐like (metrnl) is a recently identified adipomyokine that beneficially affects glucose metabolism; however, its underlying mechanism of action is not completely understood. We here show that the level of metrnl increases in vitro under electrical pulse stimulation and in vivo in exercised mice, suggesting that metrnl is secreted during muscle contractions. In addition, metrnl increases glucose uptake via the calcium‐dependent AMPKα2 pathway in skeletal muscle cells and increases the phosphorylation of HDAC5, a transcriptional repressor of GLUT4, in an AMPKα2‐dependent manner. Phosphorylated HDAC5 interacts with 14‐3‐3 proteins and sequesters them in the cytoplasm, resulting in the activation of GLUT4 transcription. An intraperitoneal injection of recombinant metrnl improved glucose tolerance in mice with high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity or type 2 diabetes, but not in AMPK β1β2 muscle‐specific null mice. Metrnl improves glucose metabolism via AMPKα2 and is a promising therapeutic candidate for glucose‐related diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
Regulation of Leishmania major PAS domain‐containing phosphoglycerate kinase by cofactor Mg2+ ion at neutral pH
Authors: Biswas Saroj , Adhikari Ayan , Mukherjee Aditi , Das Sumit , Adak Subrata 
Published: March 2020

Recently, we described the PAS domain‐containing phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) from Leishmania major (LmPAS‐PGK) that shows acidic pH (5.5)‐dependent optimum catalytic activity. The PAS domain of LmPAS‐PGK is expected to regulate PGK activity during catalysis, but the mechanism of regulation by PAS domain at the molecular level is uncharacterized. In this work, we have utilized the full‐length, PAS domain‐deleted, and mutant enzymes to measure the enzymatic activity in the presence of divalent cation at various pH values. Catalytic activity measurement indicates that Mg2+ binding through PAS domain inhibits the PGK activity at pH 7.5, and this inhibition is withdrawn at pH 5.5. To identify the Mg2+ binding residues of the PAS domain, we exploited a systematic mutational analysis of all (four) His residues in the PAS domain for potential divalent cation binding. Replacement of His‐57 with alanine resulted in depression in the presence of Mg2+ at pH 7.5, but H71A, H89A, and H111A showed similar characteristics with respect to the wild‐type protein. Fluorescence and isothermal titration calorimetry studies revealed that H57 is responsible for Mg2+ binding in the absence of substrates. Thus, the protonated form of His57 at acidic pH 5.5 destabilizes the Mg2+ binding in the PAS domain, which is an essential requirement in the wild‐type LmPAS‐PGK for a conformational alteration in the sensor domain that, sequentially, activates the PGK domain, resulting in the synthesis of higher amounts of ATP.
Effects of adoption of freshwater residency on life‐history ecology of terapontid grunters
Authors: Davis Aaron M. , Pusey Bradley J. , Betancur‐R Ricardo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

While fish reproduction has played a critical role in development of life‐history theory, the collective effects of a marine‐to‐freshwater invasion on a clade's reproductive ecology have rarely been explored in a phylogenetic context. We analysed and compared a range of quantitative and qualitative components of reproductive ecology in the Australasian terapontid fishes, a family distributed widely across marine, estuarine and freshwater habitats in the Indo‐Pacific region. We specifically tested hypotheses that life‐history strategies such as larger egg sizes and reduced fecundities are a key characteristic of freshwater species in comparison with their close marine relatives, and also fit a range of currently available evolutionary models describing the processes of ecomorphological and macrohabitat‐related diversification.

Using recently developed phylogenetic comparative methods, differences in several quantitative reproductive traits were evident between marine and freshwater species, with reductions in average fecundity and increases in average egg size specifically characterising freshwater species. Evolutionary modelling of major trait axes, as well as specific traits across the family, highlighted significant increases in rates of evolutionary diversification across both freshwater lineages and within freshwater subclades. Modelling also supported the evolution of distinctive morpho‐ecotype optima between marine and freshwater species over simpler models of random‐walk evolution or single morphological optima.

Review of life‐history behaviour identified environmental stimuli related to photoperiod, temperature, and lunar‐tidal cycles (and possibly combinations thereof) as playing an important role in stimulating spawning behaviour in most marine–euryhaline species. While some of these variables (temperature and photoperiod) continue to play an important role in some freshwater species, flow regime, particularly streamflow increases, appear more important in stimulating spawning responses, underlining the role of flow regime emerging as a master variable shaping evolutionary trajectories in freshwater clades.

In this review and meta‐analysis, we document that adaptation to an entirely freshwater existence has catalysed significant, and in several cases, relatively rapid adaptive evolution to very different life‐history strategies within freshwater species. The invasion of freshwaters has had profound impacts on the trajectory of terapontid life‐history evolution, driving significant changes in a range of traits relating to fecundity, egg size, spawning stimuli, and spawning substratum. Collective results suggest a distinct adaptive landscape difference between marine and freshwaters. Terapontids can provide a useful model for assessing the consistency of these outcomes with other freshwater‐invading groups.
Distinct successional patterns and processes of free‐living and particle‐attached bacterial communities throughout a phytoplankton bloom
Authors: Xu Huimin , Zhao Dayong , Zeng Jin , Jiao Congcong , Yu Zhongbo , Wu Qinglong L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Understanding the successional patterns of microbial communities during a phytoplankton bloom is crucial for predicting the compositional and functional stability of lake ecosystems in response to the disturbance of a bloom. Previous studies on bacterial communities associated with blooms have rarely studied the dynamics of these communities. The successional patterns of bacterial communities within different micro‐habitats (i.e. water column versus particles) and mechanisms that shape these communities that differ in composition and structure remain unclear.

We selected a eutrophic urban lake to investigate the succession of bacterial communities during a bloom. We divided the bacterial communities into free‐living (FL) and particle‐attached (PA) groups based on their different lifestyles. The amplicon‐based 16S rRNA gene high‐throughput sequencing technology was used to obtain bacterial community composition and phylogenetic structure.

Our study showed distinct successional patterns between FL and PA bacterial communities, and the two bacterial lifestyles showed different responses and resilience to the bloom, in terms of diversity and relative abundance of bacterial taxa. Alpha‐diversity of the PA bacterial community decreased during the bloom, whereas that of the FL bacterial community increased. More taxa in the FL bacterial community showed resilience after the disturbance than in the PA bacterial community.

The influence of phytoplankton blooms on the assembly of the bacterial community can be viewed as niche selection that led to the decrease in the relative importance of stochastic processes in shaping both FL and PA bacterial communities. This study shows the ecological significance of the bacterial community response to bloom events in lakes. It also shows that assembly processes differ for bacterial communities that have different lifestyles in lake ecosystems disturbed by phytoplankton blooms.
Establishment techniques affect productivity, nutritive value and atmospheric N2 fixation of two sunn hemp cultivars
Authors: Jaramillo David M. , Dubeux José C. B. , Vendramini Joao M. B. , Queiroz Luana M. D. , Santos Erick R. S. , Ruiz‐Moreno Martin , Garcia Liza , de Abreu Daciele Sousa , de Miranda Lucas Ramos , de Siqueira Michelle Cristina Fernando 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNitrogen fertilization is a common practice for sustaining forage production in forage systems in southeastern United States. Warm‐season annual legumes may be an alternative forage to warm‐season perennial grasses that do not require N fertilization. Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is a fast‐growing, warm‐season annual legume native to India and Pakistan. The objective of this 2‐year study was to assess the herbage accumulation (HA), atmospheric N2 fixation (ANF) and nutritive value of sunn hemp. Treatments were the factorial arrangement of two sunn hemp cultivars (“Crescent Sun” and “Blue Leaf”), three seeding rates (17, 28 and 39 kg seed/ha) and seed inoculation (inoculated or non‐inoculated seeds), distributed in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Crescent sun had greater HA (3,218 vs. 1764 kg DM/ha) and ANF (41 vs. 25 kg N/ha). Blue leaf had greater crude protein (CP) (188 vs. 176 g/kg) and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) concentrations (564 vs. 531 g/kg) than crescent sun. Non‐inoculated seed had greater CP than inoculated seed, 188 and 177 g/kg, respectively, and inoculation did not affect HA. Intermediate seeding rate (28 kg/ha) decreased HA (2002 kg DM/ha), while HA from high and low seeding rates (17 and 39 kg/ha, respectively) did not differ (2,863 and 2,615 kg DM/ha respectively). Planting non‐inoculated crescent sun at 17 kg/ha seeding rate is a feasible management practice to produce sunn hemp in subtropical regions; however, inoculation should always be recommended for proper establishment.
ENDOGENOUS SOURCES OF VOLATILITY IN HOUSING MARKETS: THE JOINT BUYER–SELLER PROBLEM
Authors: Anenberg Elliot , Bayer Patrick 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article presents new empirical evidence that internal movement—selling one home and buying another—by existing homeowners within a metropolitan housing market is especially volatile and a substantial driver of fluctuations in transaction volume over the housing market cycle. We develop a search model that shows that the strong procyclicality of internal movement is driven by the cost of simultaneously holding two homes, which varies endogenously over the cycle. The estimated model shows that frictions related to this joint buyer–seller problem substantially amplify cyclical price volatility in housing markets.
Synthesis of glass‐ceramics in the Na2O/K2O‐CaO‐MgO‐SiO2‐P2O5‐CaF2 system as candidate materials for dental applications
Authors: Dimitriadis Konstantinos , Vasilopoulos Konstantinos C. , Vaimakis Tiverios C. , Karakassides Michael A. , Tulyaganov Dilshat U. , Agathopoulos Simeon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study reports on the sintering behavior, crystallization process, and mechanical properties of novel glass‐ceramics (CGs) produced by the glass powder compact consolidation method. Substitution of K2O for Na2O and MgO for CaO was attempted in the parent glasses belonging to Na2O‐CaO‐MgO‐SiO2‐P2O5‐CaF2 system. Glass powder compacts were heat treated at various temperatures between 700°C and 900°C, taking under consideration the glass transition (Tg) and the crystallization peak (Tp) temperatures, which were experimentally determined for each investigated glass by thermal analysis (dilatometry and differential scanning calorimetry). The experimental results showed that sintering always preceded crystallization, regardless of the type of substitution. In the case of MgO substitution for CaO, crystallization was advanced in the range of 800°C‐850°C, resulting in the formation of an assembly of crystalline phases, such as diopside, fluorapatite, and wollastonite. The substitution of K2O for Na2O increased the activation energy for crystallization, shifting crystallization process to a high temperature region, with the formation of alpha‐potassium magnesium silicate, instead of wollastonite. The GCs produced had values of 22‐31 GPa regarding the modulus of elasticity, 5.0‐6.1 GPa concerning the microhardness, and 1.4‐1.9 MPa⋅m0.5 as regard the fracture toughness, which are similar to those of the human jawbone.