bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Board independence and CSR reporting: pre and post analysis of JCGC 2009
Authors: Al Fadli Amer , Sands John , Jones Gregory , Beattie Claire , Pensiero Domenico 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the influence of board independence on the level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in Jordan over time. The paper also compares this level of influence between the pre- and post-issuance of the Jordanian corporate governance code (JCGC) in 2009.

Design/methodology/approach
Longitudinal data (panel data) from all non-financial listed companies on the Amman stock exchange for the period 2006-2015 was collected and analysed. The content analysis method was used to assess the CSR reporting evident in the annual reports. An ordinary least square regression was used to investigate the relationship between board independence and the level of CSR reporting.

Findings
The results revealed that board independence has a positive and significant influence on the level of CSR reporting. This influence became significantly stronger post the issuance of the corporate governance code in Jordan. The findings suggest that the presence of independent directors on the board encourages companies to report additional CSR information as one of the legitimation strategies to manage the expectations of stakeholder groups.

Research limitations/implications
This study provides motivation for regulators and companies to continue to improve board independence effectiveness.

Practical implications
The study supported evidence from prior studies, conducted the developed countries, that legitimacy theory is also applicable in Jordanian companies, which is a developing country. This study contributes to the debate and findings of the literature about governance and CSR reporting, specifically in the Middle East, as well as the potential of future studies in developing countries using a legitimacy theory as the basis for their investigations and motivation. This study provides evidence to motivate regulators and companies to improve, further, board independence effectiveness.

Originality/value
This empirical study has explored the potential influence of board independence on the level of CSR reporting in Jordan for JCGC pre- and post-issuance, which has not been examined previously and the findings for future studies in the Middle East region and other developing countries.
Enhancing small and medium enterprises performance through innovation in Indonesia
Authors: Prima Lita Ratni , Fitriana Faisal Ranny , Meuthia Meuthia 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This study aims to identify the effect of entrepreneurial orientation and organizational culture on organizational innovation and organizational performance among small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) on the creative industry which is supporting tourism in Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative approach was used to distribute questionnaires using a purposive sampling technique to 183 SME’s owners of the creative industry that produce and trade the products directly to the customers. A partial least square (PLS) was conducted to analyze the data.

Findings
Entrepreneurial orientation and organizational culture have a significant effect on innovation, which in turn, influences the performance. Interestingly, innovation does not have a significant influence on performance as well as does not mediate the influence between entrepreneurial orientation and organizational performance.

Research limitations/implications
The issue of innovation in this study was measured by many indicators that reflected the organizational innovation. Further studies may investigate other specific types of innovation.

Practical implications
Both entrepreneurs and government should establish more technological support, business incubation centers and counseling organizations to encourage performance in the future.

Originality/value
Socio-cultural diversity such as entrepreneurial orientation and natural resources especially the culture of Indonesia can inspire creative industries to continue to innovate and after that can lead them to improve their performance, especially in the tourism area.
Habitus as a value lens to link customer engagement and value cocreation
Authors: Ellway Benjamin Piers William , Dean Alison 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis paper uses practice theory to strengthen the theoretical relationship between customer engagement (CE) and value cocreation (VCC), thereby demonstrating how customers may become engaged and remain engaged through VCC practices.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a problematization approach to identify shared assumptions evident in service-dominant logic (SDL) and CE research. Practice theory, as a higher-order perspective, is used to integrate the iterative and cyclical processes of VCC and CE, specifically through the theoretical mechanism of habitus.FindingsHabitus acts as a customer value lens and provides a bridging concept to demonstrate how VCC and CE are joined via sensemaking processes. These processes determine how customers perceive, assess, and evaluate value, how they become engaged through VCC, and how their experience of engagement may lead to further VCC practice. The temporally bound experiences, states, and episodes are accumulated and aggregated through an enduring customer value lens comprised of habituated dispositions, interests, and attitudes.Research limitations/implicationsThis work responds to calls for research to strengthen the theoretical link between VCC and CE and to take account of customers' lived realities and their contextualized experiences. A key suggestion for future research is the use of a rope metaphor to stimulate thinking about the complex, temporally unfolding, and interrelated processes of VCC and CE.Practical implicationsThe customer value lens and CE rope are introduced to simplify the complex, abstract, theoretical research on VCC and CE for a nonacademic audience. To understand how customers' value lenses are formed and change, and how a CE rope is strengthened, firms, service designers, and practitioners need to understand sensemaking processes through customer narratives and to use platforms and feedback to support and trigger sensemaking.Originality/valueThis paper provides a theoretical mechanism to explain the iterative and cyclical nature of VCC and CE processes and how accumulation and aggregation occur in these processes. In doing so, it demonstrates that CE occurs by virtue of, and is typified by, sensemaking processes that reproduce and shape a customer's habituated value lens, which perceives, assesses, and determines VCC and thus provides a basis for further customer engagement.
Multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption involving all permanent teeth
Authors: Chen Xue , Yu Xijiao , Yan Kaixian , Liu Shuang , Sun Zhaoze , Li Shu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMultiple idiopathic external cervical root resorption is a rare condition with numerous predisposing factors that have not yet been clearly elucidated. In addition, its diagnosis and treatment pose challenges for clinicians, and thus, the extraction of the involved teeth is commonly performed. Here, we report a 29‐year‐old pregnant woman with no contributory medical or family/social history who experienced cervical root resorption that progressed aggressively and involved all permanent teeth. This case is unique owing to the involvement of all teeth. Reports of multiple idiopathic external cervical root resorption are rare in the literature, and the pathogenesis of the condition is poorly understood. This report aims to add an additional case to the existing literature, analyse the underlying mechanisms and provide clinicians with some guidance in diagnosing cervical root resorption.
Comparison of tandem ureteral stents, cryoplasty, and cutting balloon ureteroplasty in treatment of refractory transplant ureteral strictures
Authors: Jalaeian Hamed , Talaie Reza , Hunter David W. , Golzarian Jafar , Rosenberg Michael S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe objective of study was to compare clinical outcome of cryoplasty, tandem stents, and cutting balloon ureteroplasty as “bailout procedures” to prevent surgical intervention or stent dependency in renal transplant patients with refractory ureteral stricture. All patients who underwent a bailout procedure from June 11, 2003, to August 8, 2015, at a single institution were reviewed retrospectively. Refractory ureteral stricture was defined as ureteral stenosis not responding to at least two prior percutaneous plain balloon ureteroplasties. Primary patency was defined as stable allograft function following the procedure with unobstructed urine outflow, not requiring indwelling ureteral stent, repeat ureteroplasty, or surgical revision. Sixty‐one procedures were performed on 51 patients. Patients were followed up for a median of 286 days. Overall primary patency rate was 26.1%. Primary patency rate by method was 38.1%, 23.1%, and 14.3% after cryoplasty, tandem stent placement, and cutting balloon dilatation, respectively (P = .260). Primary patency rate was higher in early (<3 months post‐transplant) ureteral strictures (35.7% vs 13.3%; P = .047). More complications identified in patients who had tandem ureteral stents (P = .00754). As some renal transplant patients may not be good operative candidates for ureteral revision, it would be reasonable to attempt one of these “bailout” interventions as long as the clinical team and patient are aware of overall low potential for achieving primary patency.
Development of rapid word–object associations in relation to expressive vocabulary: Shared commonalities in infants and toddlers with and without Williams syndrome
Authors: Ha Oh‐Ryeong , Cashon Cara H. , Holt Nicholas A. , Mervis Carolyn B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAssociative word learning, i.e., associating a word with an object, is an important building block of early word learning for TD infants. This study investigated the development of word–object associations by TD infants and infants and toddlers with Williams syndrome (WS), a rare genetic disorder associated with delayed language and cognitive development. The specific reasons for the language delays remain unknown. We investigated whether their early language delay could be related to differences in how word–object associations are formed. Fifty‐nine 11‐ to 14‐month‐old TD infants and thirty‐one 12‐ to 35‐month‐olds with WS were tested on a modified version of the “switch” task (Werker, Cohen, Lloyd, Casasola, & Stager, 1998) using phonetically dissimilar words and novel objects. Infants were classified as word learners or novice word learners based on their expressive vocabularies (greater than 10 words vs. 10 words or fewer). We found similar developmental patterns across both populations: Expressive vocabulary size classification was an important index of the development of word–object associations. Moreover, the development of word–object associations evidenced a domain‐general progression from independent (processing objects separately from words) to integrated (processing associations between words and objects). As a group, word learners formed word–object associations, but novice word learners did not; instead, they focused primarily on the objects. Findings build on previous research suggesting that although early language acquisition is delayed in infants with WS, infants and toddlers with and without WS share a common developmental pattern and set of mechanisms in early word learning.
Protected areas and prime hoverfly areas: Safe haven for hoverflies or not?
Authors: Janković Marina , Miličić Marija , Ačanski Jelena , Vujić Ante 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe efficiency of protected areas (PAs) has often been questioned due to global decline of biodiversity. Invertebrates, especially insects, have been historically underrepresented in conservation studies. Our study focuses on hoverflies, an important group of insect pollinators and proven to be good bioindicators. Research was focused in Serbia, one of Europe's hotspots of hoverfly diversity, with a long tradition of hoverfly research, which provided sufficient information for achieving our aims: identifying areas of high hoverfly diversity, evaluating the efficiency of PAs and prime hoverfly areas (PHAs) in the conservation of hoverflies, determining how well they cover the distribution of hoverfly species, especially those of conservation concern, and testing the importance of the size of the area for conservation of hoverfly diversity. We applied weighting of the species to help stress the importance of species of conservation concern. The results indicated that PHAs cover the areas with high hoverfly diversity better than PA networks, especially when it comes to species of conservation concern. Generalized linear model results showed that the area size was a significant predictor of number of species in both PA and PHA. This indicates that area size is key when designating new areas important for conservation, but there are also other factors that need to be taken into account, such as habitat quality or suitability. Studies like this are useful in aiding designation of new areas important for conservation of certain species and in identifying sampling gaps, which could potentially aim future research in that direction.
Complex pastern injuries involving the scutum medium in ten horses
Authors: Bergstrom T. , Bass L. , Daglish J. , Moorman V. , Griffin J. , Barrett M. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryNo description of injuries to the equine scutum medium exists in the veterinary literature. The purpose of this case series is to describe the clinical findings, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment and outcome of 10 horses with complex pastern injuries involving the scutum medium. Horses with scutum medium injury presented with septic synovial structures, acute lameness or chronic lameness. In all cases, scutum medium injury occurred with severe tendon, ligament or osseous injuries in the pastern region. The most common comorbidities were proximal interphalangeal joint sepsis, injuries to the straight sesamoidean ligament and/or the superficial digital flexor tendon branches. This case series also highlights that severe injuries to the scutum medium can be associated with proximal interphalangeal joint subluxation. Outcome and treatment are dependent upon concurrent injuries but proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis should be considered. Prognosis for return to athletic function is poor, and return to pasture soundness is guarded.
PRIRATE 2020 guidelines for reporting randomized trials in Endodontics: a consensus‐based development
Authors: Nagendrababu V. , Duncan H. F. , Bjørndal L. , Kvist T. , Priya E. , Jayaraman J. , Pulikkotil S. J. , Pigg M. , Rechenberg D. K. , Væth M. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn evidence‐based health care, randomized clinical trials provide the most accurate and reliable information on the effectiveness of an intervention. This project aimed to develop reporting guidelines, exclusively for randomized clinical trials in the dental specialty of Endodontology, using a well‐documented, validated consensus‐based methodology. The guidelines have been named Preferred Reporting Items for RAndomized Trials in Endodontics (PRIRATE) 2020. A total of eight individuals (PD, VN, HD, LB, TK, JJ, EP and SP), including the project leaders (PD and VN) formed a steering committee. The committee developed a checklist based on the items in the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines and Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications (CLIP) principles. A PRIRATE Delphi Group (PDG) and PRIRATE Face‐to‐Face Meeting group (PFMG) were also formed. Thirty PDG members participated in the online Delphi process and achieved consensus on the checklist items and flowchart that make up the PRIRATE guidelines. The guidelines were discussed at a meeting of the PFMG at the 19th European Society of Endodontology (ESE) Biennial congress, held on 13 September 2019 in Vienna, Austria. A total of 21 individuals from across the globe and four steering committee members (PD, VN, HD and LB) attended the meeting. As a consequence of the discussions, the guidelines were modified and then piloted by several authors whilst writing a manuscript. The PRIRATE 2020 guidelines contain a checklist consisting of 11 sections and 58 individual items as well as a flowchart, considered essential for authors to include when writing manuscripts for randomized clinical trials in Endodontics.
Perceptions of inpatients and nurses towards the importance of nurses' caring behaviours in rehabilitation: A comparative study
Authors: Roulin Marie‐José , Jonniaux Sandrine , Guisado Huguette , Séchaud Laurence 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsThis study was conducted to describe and compare nurses' and inpatients' perceptions of caring attitudes and behaviours in rehabilitation.MethodsA comparative descriptive design was used. Perceptions of caring attitudes and behaviours were compared between 34 nurses working in rehabilitation and 64 elderly patients, using the Caring Nurse Patient Inventory‐23, to explore Watson's carative factors through four dimensions. Patients' and nurses' ratings of importance for each dimension were compared. The study data were collected from 8 November 2017 to 5 May 2018.ResultsPatients' and nurses' responses showed high scores in terms of their perceptions of caring, with nurses having the higher scores, and significant differences were found between patients and nurses. Patients scored items linked to clinical aspects of caring as the most important, whereas nurses scored items linked to humanistic and clinical caring as equally important. Comfort care was considered important for nurses and patients. Both groups considered relational caring items as the least important.ConclusionResults show that patients and nurses value clinical aspects of care, which is the visible aspect of care. The Caring Nurse Patient Inventory‐23 is a reliable instrument to measure the nurses' and patients' perception of caring behaviours in rehabilitation.
Understanding Systematic Risk: A High‐Frequency Approach
Authors: PELGER MARKUS 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBased on a novel high‐frequency data set for a large number of firms, I estimate the time‐varying latent continuous and jump factors that explain individual stock returns. The factors are estimated using principal component analysis applied to a local volatility and jump covariance matrix. I find four stable continuous systematic factors, which can be well approximated by a market, oil, finance, and electricity portfolio, while there is only one stable jump market factor. The exposure of stocks to these risk factors and their explained variation is time‐varying. The four continuous factors carry an intraday risk premium that reverses overnight.
A double‐blind placebo‐controlled randomized trial on the effect of hyosine n‐butyl bromide for improving duration of labor in term pregnancies
Authors: Ejikeme Toochukwu Benjamin , Eleje George Uchenna , Igberase Gabriel O. , Ugwu Emmanuel Onyebuchi , Ikwuka David Chibuike , Okpala Boniface Chukwuneme 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the effectiveness of intramuscular hyocine n‐butyl bromide (HBB) with placebo for shortening the duration of the first stage of labor in term pregnancies.MethodsA double blind placebo‐controlled randomized trial of parturients who presented at term in the active phase of labor was conducted. They were randomly (1:1 ratio) given intramuscular injection of either 40 mg (2 mL) of HBB or 2 mL of water for injection as a placebo. The primary outcome measures were the duration of first and second stages of labor. Subgroup analysis of primigravid and multigravid women were also performed for various outcomes. We did intention‐to‐treat analysis.ResultsSixty‐two women were randomized to each group and none were lost to follow‐up. Baseline characteristics were similar between the HBB and placebo groups. The mean duration of first stage of labor was noted to be significantly shorter in the HBB group for both the primigravidas (246.6 ± 21.9 vs 391.8 ± 56.6 min for control; P < 0.001) and for multigravidas (205.9 ± 17.8 vs 323.8 ± 16.0 min for control;P < 0.001).There was also significantly shorter duration of second stage of labor in the HBB group (primigravida: P = 0.013; multigravida: P = 0.016). The duration of third stage of labor, mode of delivery and maternal and/or neonatal outcomes for both classes of parturients were not significantly different.ConclusionHBB is effective in reducing the first and second stages of labor without adverse maternal or neonatal outcome. HBB does not significantly influence the duration of third stage of labor including mode of delivery. More evidence is needed to further explore the potential useful role of HBB in the active phase of labor.
Reemergence of Guadalupe fur seals in the U.S. Pacific Northwest: The epidemiology of stranding events during 2005–2016
Authors: D'Agnese Erin , Lambourn Dyanna , Rice James , Duffield Debbie , Huggins Jessica , Spraker Terry , Raverty Stephen , Kuzmina Tetiana , Grigg Michael E. , Wilkinson Kristin , Jeffries Steven , Smith Woutrina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGuadalupe fur seals (GFS), Arctocephalus philippii townsendi, an U.S. Endangered Species Act threatened pinniped, have recently reappeared in their historic range along the western seaboard of the continental United States. Starting 2005 through 2016, 169 GFSs stranded in Washington and Oregon, involving two designated unusual mortality events. The circumstances surrounding GFS strandings, mortality, and their increased presence in Oregon and Washington were analyzed during this study. Detailed necropsies, histopathology (n = 93), and epidemiological analysis found three main causes of death (COD): emaciation (44%), trauma (29%), and infectious disease (19%) and the factors associated with overall strandings and emaciation. Trauma included many cases found associated with fisheries interactions and clustered near the mouth of the Columbia River, where high levels of commercial fishing occur. The most common pathogens found associated with disease were Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis neurona, and gastrointestinal helminths. Seasonality and upwelling were associated with higher stranding numbers regardless of COD. Seasonal migration into the region, coinciding with postweaning, suggests young GFSs are in search of prey and habitat resources. Reemergence of GFSs is likely due to conservation efforts, which have been critical for species recovery in the region. Continued monitoring is needed as this vulnerable species continues to rebound.