bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Hormone Profile in Pubertal Boys With Gynecomastia and Pseudogynecomastia
Authors: Reinehr Thomas , Kulle Alexandra , Barth Andre , Ackermann Jonas , Lass Nina , Holterhus Paul-Martin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Content
Gynecomastia (defined by proliferation of glandular elements) and pseudogynecomastia (defined by adipose tissue) are frequent in pubertal boys. An association with sex hormones and the growth hormone axis has been discussed.

Objective
The objective of this work is to compare sex hormones, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) between boys with gynecomastia and pseudogynecomastia (separation by ultrasound).

Design
An observational study was performed.

Setting
The setting of this study was an outpatient clinic.

Participants
A total of 124 pubertal boys (mean age 14 ± 2 years) with breast enlargement and 84 healthy boys (mean age 14 ± 2 years) without breast enlargement participated in this study.

Interventions
No interventions were performed.

Main outcome measures
Measurements were taken for sex hormones (progesterone, estradiol [E2], estriol, estrone, androstendione, testosterone [T], dihydrotestosterone) measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, as well as gonadotropins, prolactin, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3.

Results
Eighty-six boys suffered from gynecomastia and 38 from pseudogynecomastia. In boys with gynecomastia, the E2/T ratio (median 22, interquartile range [IQR] 8-75) was significantly (P &lt; .05) higher compared to boys with pseudogynecomastia (median 12, IQR 5-21) or healthy controls without breast enlargement (median 18, IQR 6-44) even after adjustment for testes volume. T concentrations were significantly (P &lt; .05) lower in boys with gynecomastia (median 1.8, IQR 0.7-4.2 nM/L) compared to boys with pseudogynecomastia (median 4.3, IQR 1.4-6.9 nM/L) or healthy controls without breast enlargement (median 3.1, IQR 0.6-7.6 nM/L). Boys with gynecomastia did not differ from boys with pseudogynecomastia according to other sex hormones, prolactin, IGF-1, or IGFBP-3 concentrations.

Conclusions
True gynecomastia is characterized by a relative T deficiency to E2 concentrations in contrast to pseudogynecomastia.
Autoimmune Autonomic Disorders
Authors: Vernino Steven 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Autonomic disorders sometimes occur in the context of systemic autoimmune disease or as a direct consequence of autoimmunity against the nervous system. This article provides an overview of autonomic disorders with potential autoimmune etiology.

RECENT FINDINGS
Recent evidence highlights a close association between the autonomic nervous system and inflammation. The autonomic nervous system regulates immune function, and autonomic manifestations may occur in a number of systemic autoimmune diseases. In a few instances, autoimmunity directly influences autonomic function. Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy is the prototypic antibody-mediated autonomic disorder. Over time, a better understanding of the clinical spectrum of autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy, the significance of ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antibodies, other immune-mediated autonomic neuropathies, and autonomic manifestations of other systemic or neurologic autoimmune disorders has emerged.

SUMMARY
Autoimmune autonomic disorders may be challenging, but correct identification of these conditions is important. In some cases, potential exists for effective immunomodulatory treatment.
Conspiracy Rises Again
Authors: Saha Poulomi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This essay takes up conspiracy as a discursive, political, and philosophical concept. By tracing the ideological and textual kinship between anticolonialism in India and Ireland and radicalism in the United States, it illuminates transcolonial circuits of a curiously shared revolutionary project. Rather than simply offer a historical account of those interconnections, it theorizes a practice of reading revolutionary violence as perpetual, repetitive haunting, a politics of the undead. It argues for a historiographical live burial by which violences of the past reappear to disrupt the imperial promise of futurity and continuity. From the 1916 “Hindu-German Conspiracy Trial” in San Francisco, during which members of the Ghadr Party—consisting of diasporic Indian students at the University of California, Berkeley, and Punjabi farmers in the Central Valley—were accused of conspiring with German diplomats to arm anticolonial revolt in British India, this essay tracks forms of radical sympathy that emerge, flourish, and stutter in an era of ethnonationalist constriction.
The Catastrophe
Authors: Warren Calvin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This essay argues that black feminist poethics uncovers a deep philosophical problem between pure form and pure matter. Mathematics is the site of such contention, and the decision to retain form or destroy form presents ontological and epistemological complexities for a philosophy of mathematics in Black studies. Ultimately, this essay offers mathematical nihilism as the only hope for blacks in an antiblack world.
Recent Advancement of Biosensor Technology for the Detection of Microcystin-LR
Authors: Pang Pengfei , Lai Yanqiong , Zhang Yanli , Wang Hongbin , Conlan Xavier A , Barrow Colin J , Yang Wenrong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Microcystins are a class of toxins that are mainly produced by cyanobacteria and among them, microcystin-leucine arginine (microcystin-LR) is one of the most toxic and harmful of the fresh water toxins causing many accidents and threats to human health. The detection of microcystin-LR in drinking water and environmental water samples is therefore crucial. To date, methods such as high performance liquid chromatography, protein phosphatase inhibition assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Raman spectroscopy have been employed to monitor microcystin-LR levels. Although these techniques are precise and sensitive, they require expensive instrumentation, well-trained personnel and involve time-consuming processes meaning that their application is generally limited to well-resourced and centralized laboratory facilities. Among the emerging microcystin-LR detection methods, biosensors have received great attention because of their remarkable sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity. In this review, we will discuss the current state-of-the-art microcystin-LR biosensing platforms, and evaluate the advantages and limitations of typical transduction technologies to identify the most efficient detection system for the potentially harmful cyanobacteria.
Focused ultrasound induced-blood–brain barrier opening in mouse brain receiving radiosurgery dose of radiation enhances local delivery of systemic therapy
Authors: Wang Shutao , Wu Cheng-Chia , Zhang Hairong , Karakatsani Maria Eleni , Wang Yi-Fang , Han Yang , Chaudhary Kunal R , Wuu Cheng-Shie , Konofagou Elisa , Cheng Simon K 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
Investigate the temporal effects of focused ultrasound (FUS)-induced blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening in post-radiotherapy mouse brains.

Methods and materials:
C57B6 mice without tumors were used to simulate the scenario after gross total resection (GTR) of brain tumor. Radiation dose of 6 Gy x 5 was delivered to one-hemisphere of the mouse brain. FUS-induced BBB-opening was delivered to the irradiated and non-irradiated brain and was confirmed with MRI. Dynamic MRI was performed to evaluate blood vessel permeability. Two time points were selected: acute (2 days after radiation) and chronic (31 days after radiation).

Results:
BBB opening was achieved after FUS in the irradiated field as compared to the contralateral non-irradiated brain without any decrease in permeability. In the acute group, a trend for higher gadolinium concentration was observed in radiated field.

Conclusion:
Localized BBB-opening can be successfully achieved without loss of efficacy by FUS as early as 2 days after radiotherapy.

Advances in knowledge:
Adjuvant radiation after GTR is commonly used for brain tumors. Focused ultrasound facilitated BBB-opening can be achieved without loss of efficacy in the post-irradiated brain as early as 2 days after radiation therapy. This allows for further studies on early application of FUS-mediated BBB-opening.
Handover among junior doctors: a quality improvement study
Authors: Sarfraz Aamer , Igunma Yvonne , Harman-Jones Ben 
Published: January 2020

Background/Aims Handover is a procedure that ensures efficient transfer of clinical information across teams. It is also an opportunity for junior doctors to develop clinical competencies, communications skills and leadership. Poor handovers can result in delays, clinical errors, duplication of work, poor morale, increased length of hospital stay, and risk of harm to patients. Poor handovers were identified as an area of concern for two successive years in the General Medical Council's survey. Methods Measures were undertaken to address this by updating their handover policy, developing a new handover protocol and instigating rota monitoring by involving junior doctors and consultants through focus groups. A survey was conducted among the same cohort of junior doctors before and after the interventions. Findings There was a remarkable improvement in junior doctors' attitudes towards safety, frequency of face-to-face handover, use of a handover book, and overall positive experiences of the handover procedure. Conclusions It is worth examining the approach to handover among other health professionals and perhaps between professions regarding the same patients.
Quantitative strain sensing in a multimode fiber using dual frequency speckle pattern tracking
Authors: Murray Matthew J. , Redding Brandon 
Published: January 2020

We report an amplitude-measuring multimode fiber sensor capable of
making quantitative strain measurements and extracting the algebraic
sign of the strain. The Rayleigh-based sensor probes the fiber with
pulses of alternating optical frequency and records the backscattered
speckle patterns on a high-speed camera. We show that measuring the
change in the speckle pattern induced by a change in optical frequency
provides a form of in situ calibration,
enabling the sensor to recover the magnitude and algebraic sign of the
strain. The sensor, which can be positioned anywhere along 2 km of
fiber, has a linear strain response, a 10 kHz bandwidth, and a strain
noise of

10.2

p

ε

/

√

H
z

.
Cap-Assisted Chromo-Colonoscopy: Are 2 Techniques Better Than None?
Authors: Anderson Joseph C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cap-assisted and chromo-colonoscopy are 2 techniques which may increase adenoma detection; however, chromo-colonoscopy is limited by increased time requirement. In this edition of The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Kim et al. present data from a randomized controlled trial comparing standard colonoscopy with an arm using both techniques (CAP/CHROMO). The indigo carmine was applied using a simpler method than previous studies, resulting in shorter times. The CAP/CHROMO adenoma detection was higher than the controls (54.4% vs 44.9%; P < 0.001), but there was no difference for advanced neoplasia. If endoscopists find these data convincing, they should trial these techniques separately because each technique may have a different impact.
Social Determinants of Crime and Hatred Incidents at Mass Sports Events in Poland
Authors: Jarczewski Waldemar , Bogdalski Piotr 
Published: January 2020

Crime and hatred have been a permanent part of mass events organized in Poland. The situation is the most difficult in the case of football matches, especially at the national level. Despite legal changes and many measures adopted by sports clubs, the police and other institutions, not only has the situation not changed but there are symptoms of its deterioration. It is extremely worrying that these informal groups form structures that operate following the principles characteristic of organized crime. The subject of study in this article are the phenomena of crime and hatred occurring at mass events organized in Poland; its purpose is to identify the causes and present conclusions regarding necessary actions, based on an analysis of statistics and reports. Methods characteristic of theoretical studies have been employed developing this study, as well as the results of surveys conducted in 2014. The basic research problems involve finding answers to the following questions:

– Did the determination of police in ensuring the safety of the EURO 2012 final tournament calm the mood and improve security of mass events?
– What is the current scale of crime, hooligan acts and collective violations of security and public order in relation to mass events organized in Poland today?
– Are the solutions in this area systemic, durable and consistent?The hypothesis was that, although public security authorities have been implementing

a wide range of measures, crime and deep-rooted hatred towards enemy clubs and ideological opponents continue to be a hallmark of football fan circles and thus of some mass events organized in Poland. The inconsistent continuation of good practices adopted in the past, perceiving the problem only in terms of isolated incidents, and the lack of statistics that would help to prepare precise scientific analyses, all require moderation in predicting positive changes in this narrow area of public security.
Design Analysis of Inductorless Active Loaded Low Power UWB LNA Using Noise Cancellation Technique
Authors: Kalra Dheeraj , Kumar Manish , Shukla Aasheesh , Singh Laxman , Jaffery Zainul Abdin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper includes a design analysis of an inductorless low-power (LP) low-noise amplifier (LNA) with active load for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) applications. The proposed LNA consists of two parallel paths, one is the common source (CS) path and second is the CG path. The CG path has the edge advantage of improving overall Noise figure (NF) due to wide band impedance matching in UWB, while the CS path provides high power gain. A method for noise cancellation is adopted, to reduce the noise of CS path with the help of CG path. The proposed LNA successfully simulated in 90 nm CMOS technology. The results of proposed work indicate optimization at frequency 5.70 GHz with 3 dB bandwidth of 4.3 GHz–8.9 GHz. All simulations have been done for a range of frequency 03 GHz–13 GHz in Cadence virtuoso software. The results quoted 1.15 dB NF, −18.12 dB S11, 13.7 dB S21, maximum operating power gain (GP) 11.756 dB at frequency 5.7 GHz and available power gain (GA) is 10.17 dB at frequency 8.61 GHz, with 0.6 V, 0.92 mW broad band LNA.
A Facile Approach to Develop Rice Husk Derived Green Catalyst for One-pot Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol
Authors: Arora Shivali , Gosu Vijayalakshmi , Arun Kumar U. K. , Subbaramaiah Verraboina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe profitability margin of biodiesel production hampering due to surplus amount of glycerol with the low market price. Thus, developing an alternative route highly demanded for the conversion of glycerol into value-added chemicals. In the present manuscript, green synthesis route was explored by utilizing rice husk derived catalyst. The catalytic properties of the prepared catalyst were investigated by using various characterization techniques. The basic strength of the catalyst was influenced by varying the calcination temperature (200 °C to 500 °C) as well as active metal (cerium) loading (5 wt. % to 20 wt. %). The present investigation revealed that 10 wt. % Ce on Na2SiO3 catalyst calcined at 400 °C exhibited the moderate basic sites of 13.89 mmol/g, which showed potential catalytic activity for the transesterification of glycerol to glycerol carbonate under optimum condition: 92 % glycerol carbonate yield and 98 % glycerol conversion. The catalyst stability study revealed that the catalyst could be reused up to four consecutive cycles without an appreciable drop in catalytic activity. The kinetics of the reaction was also studied, and the activation energy was calculated as 23.80 kJ/mol.
Utilizing Potassium Chloride and Calcium Ascorbate to Reducing Chinese Bacon Sodium Content
Authors: Zhang Dong , Li Hongjun , He Zhifei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated the combined effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) substitutes, including potassium chloride (KCl) and calcium ascorbate, on physicochemical and sensory properties of low-sodium Chinese bacon. When KCl replaced 40 % NaCl, it had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the physicochemical properties but had a certain effect on the sensory score. Using 30 % KCl and with 10 % calcium ascorbate (T2 group) replacing 40 % NaCl had good color score (6.73) and the overall acceptability score (6.90) was the highest in the experimental group. The color score of T2 group was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of control group (6.33). However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the overall acceptability score between the T2 group (6.90) and the control group (7.00). Therefore, a compound salt consisting of KCl and calcium ascorbate can be used in Chinese bacon, leading to sodium content about 40 % reduction.
The Determinants of the EU Import Demand for Soybean and Maize: What Role for GMOs?
Authors: Varacca Alessandro , Sckokai Paolo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this work, we analyse EU soybean and maize imports using a demand system borrowed from the differential approach to firm theory. Alongside providing own-price and cross-price (i. e. cross-country) elasticities for these two products, we test whether source-specific characteristics exert any influence on complementarity and substitution patterns between international exporters. Specifically, we look at country differences stemming from supply chain efficiency and the asynchronous approval of Genetically Modified (GM) varieties. We do so by introducing two measurements for such features into a linear demand model specified by Laitinen and Theil (1978). Estimation results suggest that the EU import structure is not affected by differences in supply chain efficiency between overseas suppliers while, depending on the product, asynchronous approval does seem to have an influence. We find that imports of maize are more sensitive than those of soybeans to differences in approval statuses between international exporters and the EU. Since soybean availability is a limiting factor for the EU feed industry, avoiding stock shortages may be a priority for European importers, hence the weaker effect of asynchronous approval. On the other hand, the substantial EU self-sufficiency for maize places more emphasis on product characteristics and prices.
A Nameless Bride of Death: Jephthah’s Daughter in American Jewish Women’s Poetry
Authors: Koplowitz-Breier Anat 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the Hebrew Bible, Jephthah’s daughter has neither name nor heir. The biblical account (Judg. 11:30–40) is somber—a daughter due to be sacrificed because of her father’s rash vow. The theme has inspired numerous midrashim and over five hundred artistic works since the Renaissance. Traditionally barred from studying the Jewish canon as women, many Jewish feminists are now adopting the midrashicpoetry tradition as a way of vivifying the female characters in the Hebrew Bible. The five on which this article centers focus on Jephthah’s daughter, letting her tell her (side of the) story and imputing feelings and emotions to her. Although not giving her a name, they hereby commemorate her existence—and stake a claim for their own presence, autonomy, and active participation in tradition and society as Jewish women.
Some Moments of Wonder Emergent within Transcendental Phenomenological Analyses
Authors: G. Hart James 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is a distinctive wonder bordering on and awakening to the philosophy of religion within Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology. This is not primarily a wonder directed to how things are or that they are, but rather the wonder connected to the most fundamental principle of transcendental phenomenology. That principle is the ancient principle of the convertibility of being with what is true or the inseparability of being and manifestation. Phenomenological wonder is primarily at the correlation of being as what is true or made manifest with consciousness. And yet there is an even more basic phenomenological wonder which founds this correlation, and that is the manifestness of first-person experience within which all other wonder emerges.
Sex care robots
Authors: Fosch-Villaronga Eduard , Poulsen Adam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe creation and deployment of sex robots are accelerating. Sex robots are service robots that perform actions contributing directly towards improvement in the satisfaction of the sexual needs of a user. In this paper, we explore the potential use of these robots for elder and disabled care purposes,which is currently underexplored. Indeed, although every human should be able to enjoy physical touch, intimacy, and sexual pleasure, persons with disabilities are often not in the position to fully experience the joys of life in the same manner as abled people. Similarly, older adults may have sexual needs that public healthcare tend to ignore as an essential part of their well-being. We develop a conceptual analysis of how sex robots could empower persons with disabilities and older adults to exercise their sexual rights, which are too often disregarded in society. Our contribution seeks to understand whether sex robots could serve as a step forward in enhancing the care of (mainly but not exclusively) persons with disabilities and older adults. By identifying the potential need to incorporate sex within the concept of care, and by exploring the use of robot technology to ease its materialization, we hope to inform the policy debate around the regulation of robots and set the scene for further research.
Comparison of High Versus Low Eccentric-Based Resistance Training Frequencies on Short-Term Muscle Function Adaptations
Authors: Crane Joshua S. , Thompson Brennan J. , Harrell David C. , Bressel Eadric , Heath Edward M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Crane, JS, Thompson, BJ, Harrell, DC, Bressel, E, and Heath, EM. Comparison of high versus low eccentric-based resistance training frequencies on short-term muscle function adaptations. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 332–339, 2022—Eccentric resistance training is beneficial for improving a number of performance and health metrics. However, the recommendations on eccentric training frequency have not been established. This study investigates the effects of volume-matched resistance training frequency comparing 1 vs. 3 training days per week of isokinetic multiple-joint eccentric training on strength and lower-body function adaptations during a 4-week training period. Thirty subjects were assigned to either 3 days per week (high-frequency [HF]) or 1 day per week (low-frequency [LF]) training conditions for 4 weeks. An eccentric dynamometer was used for the training and testing. Eccentric strength and vertical jump (VJ) measures were taken at Pre, Mid (2 weeks), and Post (4 weeks) intervention. Soreness (visual analog scale [VAS]) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were taken throughout the training period. There was no group × trial interaction for eccentric strength (p = 0.06) or VJ (p = 0.87). For eccentric strength, all trials were significantly different (p < 0.001) from each other. For VJ, there was a main effect for trial such that VJ increased from Pre to Post (p < 0.001) and Mid to Post (p < 0.01). High frequency reported lower RPE (p < 0.01) and soreness (p = 0.04) compared with LF. Both HF and LF protocols elicited large (36.8 and 27.4% strength increases, respectively) and rapid neuromuscular adaptations for improved strength. Eccentric-based workload may be dispersed across a given period to allow for reduced soreness and perceived exertion levels without compromising neuromuscular adaptations. Some eccentric training transfer to functional (VJ) task may also be observed, independent of training frequency.