bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Dimensional Snse – Ti3C2 Mxene Composite As Binder-Free Anode for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Arunasalam Kavin , Santos Jesus Medina , Liang Meiying , Zhang Teng , Gogotsi Yury , Nicolosi Valeria 
Published: December 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit unique structural and electronic properties such as reduced thickness, high conductivity, packing density and tuneable band gap.[1] These properties present compelling opportunities for their applications in sustainable battery technologies.[1] Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are attracting great interest as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to their material abundance, lower cost, and environmental sustainability. However, the quest for a high-performance anode for SIBs remains challenging owing to the severe volume expansion caused by the intercalation of the large Na-ion.
Tin (II) selenide (SnSe), a layered 2D material, demonstrates very high theoretical capacity as an anode for sodium and lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, its instability primarily, attributed to the substantial pulverization of active materials during cycling, poses a challenge.[2] To address this, we investigated a novel 2D composite material comprising SnSe nanoparticles and MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets (Figure 1) to be used as an anode in batteries. Due to the exceptional conductivity and viscosity of MXene [3], it can act as a conductive binder in this composite eliminating the need for traditional non-conductive binders like PVDF and CMC. This reduces the dead volume in the electrode and enhances its specific capacity. Additionally, the MXene layers with terminating fluorine functionals promote the growth of stable solid-electrolyte interfaces (SEI) improving the overall Coulombic efficiency of the battery.[4] Further optimization studies were done with VC and FEC electrolyte additives. Characterization techniques, including XPS, SEM, EDX, XRD, and AFM were performed on the composite nanomaterial to study its morphology, as well as compositional and structural changes upon processing. The electrode material showed a high initial discharge capacity of 700 mAh/g and 98% Coulombic efficiency for 100 cycles in lithium-ion batteries. This shows promise in overcoming the instability issues of SnSe, thereby improving the performance and longevity of SIBs for sustainable energy storage solutions.

References

[1] Jie Wang, et al., Nature Communications, 2021, Vol. 12
[2] Wei Wang, et al., Small, 2017, Vol.13
[3] Mohamed Alhabeb, et al., Chemistry of Materials, 2017 Vol. 29
Figure 1: SEM images of the cross-section of the SnSe-MXene composite slurry cast electrodes. a) shows the thickness of the slurry-casted electrode to be 11.6 microns and b) shows the SnSe nanoparticles between the MXene nanosheets.

Figure 1
(Invited) Novel Electrode Materials for Sodium-ion Batteries
Authors: Paranthaman Mariappan Parans , Pethe Saurabh , Sun Xiao-Guang 
Published: December 2024

The main goal of this research is to develop low-cost electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Lack of low-cost commercial hard carbon anodes for SIBs has greatly hindered its application. High value hard carbon electrode materials have been recovered from end-of-life tires. High capacity with stable over several cycles has been achieved. Presodiation approach has been applied to reduce the first cycle loss. This study provides a pathway for inexpensive, environmentally benign, and value-added waste tire-derived carbon products towards sodium-ion batteries.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division.
(Invited) Assessment of Extreme High-Power Demand for Evtol Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Belharouak Ilias , Dixit Marm , Bisht Anuj , Kweon Chol-Bum , Amin Ruhul , Abouimrane Ali 
Published: December 2024

Designing battery systems for electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) platforms is challenging because they require high-power demands during crucial flight maneuvers. The eVTOL application needs exceptionally high discharge rates from the on-board lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) during several phases of its mission. However, LiBs have not been explored enough under high-power discharge scenarios, such as that of an eVTOL, because the current application spectrum in electric vehicles (EVs) and electronic devices does not require such high power.
In a recent study, we simulated the initial take-off step of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) vehicles powered by a lithium-ion battery subjected to an intense 15C discharge pulse at the beginning of the discharge cycle followed by a subsequent low-rate discharge. we conducted extensive electrochemical testing to assess the long-term stability of a lithium-ion battery under these high-strain conditions. The main finding is that despite the performance recovery observed at low rates, the re-application of high rates leads to drastic cell failure.
These results highlight the eVTOL battery longevity challenge and emphasize the need for tailored battery chemistry designs for eVTOL applications to address both anode plating and cathode instability.
(Invited) A Flexible and Sustainable Gel Electrolyte Toward Safe Zn-MnO2 Alkaline Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Khan Usman Ali , Ganduri Teja , Madan Deepa 
Published: December 2024

Zn-MnO2 alkaline batteries form inactive compounds during charging and discharging that hinder their ability to be utilized in rechargeable settings. Design and development of functional gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) to replace traditional electrolyte have become an effective way to inhibit irreversible compound formations and Zn dendrite growth, avoid leakage issues and metallic packaging. However, many challenges such as reliable and reproducible ionic conductivity and ion transference number of free-standing electrolyte films at lower thickness (250 µm), and interfacial contact resistance between electrolyte and electrode layer still exist. Our assumption is producing reliable and consistent ionic conductivity and ion transference number of electrolytes at lower thickness (250 µm) will help in providing the faster redox reaction kinetics at electrolyte-electrode interface. Moreover, by reducing the interfacial contact resistance between electrolyte and electrode interface will help in reducing the charge transfer resistance and zincate ion movements and results in improving the reversible life cycle of batteries. Additionally, by improving the mechanical strength and flexibility of free-standing GPE layer will be helpful to suppress the dendrite formation. Our assumption is well-arranged continuous porous structure of GPE will result in easy movement of ions and well absorption and retention of alkaline or acidic salt solution. It will also provide mechanical strength to the overall gel films at lower thickness to reduce dendrite formation. To fabricate well-arranged continuous porous GPE structure, we propose to use freeze casting method.
Here, we propose to use naturally occurring sustainable chitosan, with different additives like PVA, PAAK to form GPE using freeze casting method. The different thickness electrolytes were soaked into alkaline solution e.g. Hydroxide (KOH) and fluorinate compounds and compared on their Ionic Conductivity, Ionic Conductance, Ion Transference Number, PH, and Swelling Ratio. To reduce the interfacial contact resistance between electrolyte and electrode, free standing electrolyte layer will be dipped into Chitosan solution and then put in contact with electrodes. We will also perform SEM to observe the arrangement of polymer chain using freeze casting method. These electrolytes were then used in the fabrication of Zn-MnO2 batteries and measure their performance using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge.
Application of Scanning Probe Microscopy Towards Clarifying the Mechanism of Localized Corrosion
Authors: Takara Yuya , Ozawa Takahiro 
Published: December 2024

Aluminum alloys are applied to transportation equipment due to their lightweight and excellent mechanical properties, making a significant contribution to reducing CO2 emissions. In the material structure, intermetallic compounds, such as μm-order or nm-order precipitates, are formed by unavidable impurities or components added for the purpose of improving mechanical properties. On the other hand, these precipitates cause localized corrosion around themselves, which lead to the formation of large pits. Localized corrosion is well known to be caused through a mechanism where potential difference generated between the compounds and the matrix drives the formation of local battery, and intensive electrochemical reactions occur with the noble region becoming cathode and the less noble region becoming anode. However, localized corrosion behavior varies depending on potential difference changes caused by the material structure or the environment. Therefore, it is important to understand the localized corrosion mechanism in detail from the viewpoint of potential difference and environment to improve alloy's corrosion resistance.
One of the useful tools for clarifying the localized corrosion mechanism is Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM). SPM enables us to measure not only the shape of the material surface but also its physical values in various environment such as vacuum, atmosphere and liquid. For example, Kelvin probe Force Microscopy (KFM) is a technique that measures the contact potential difference between the probe and the sample surface, allowing us to measure the distribution of the potential difference on the sample surface. Open-Loop Electric Potential Microscopy (OL-EPM) is also capable of measuring the nanoscale distribution of ion concentrations in liquids and can visualize the anodic and cathodic regions during corrosion reactions, because the potential in the liquids is dependent on the cation/anion concentration occurring at the reaction interface. Thus, SPM can be used to obtain information on the potential difference of material structure and the electrochemical reaction field in a small area, which cannot be obtained by macroscopic electrochemical tests such as polarization tests.
In this study, we use these SPM techniques to clarify the localized corrosion mechanism of aluminum alloys based on their material structure.
Enhancing Pitting Corrosion Resistance of AA7075 through Surface Alkalization By Mg2Si and Conversion Coating
Authors: Ebina Ko , Nishimoto Masashi , Muto Izumi 
Published: December 2024

AA7075 is a high-strength aluminum alloy. Although AA7075 has excellent mechanical properties, this alloy is known for its high susceptibility to pitting corrosion. In our previous study, protective films which improve its pitting corrosion resistance were produced by alkalization of the alloy surface through cathodic polarization.1 Therefore, Mg2Si was added to AA7075 to promote surface alkalization, and conversion treatment of the specimens was attempted.
AA7075 containing Mg2Si particles was fabricated. The surface of specimens was observed using an optical microscope and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy system (EDS). As conversion treatments, the specimens were immersed in Ce-containing solution. To evaluate the pitting corrosion resistance, dip-and-dry test was conducted.
By the conversion treatment, coatings were formed on the surface of AA7075 containing Mg2Si particles. During dip-and-dry, initiation of pitting corrosion was inhibited by conversion coatings. The increase in pH on the specimen surface is thought to contribute to formation of the coatings.
References:

K. Ebina, M. Nishimoto, I. Muto, and Y. Sugawara, Corros.
Sci., 220, 111299 (2023).
Initiation of Localized Corrosion of Die-Cast ADC12 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Takeuchi Kaito , Nishimoto Masashi , Muto Izumi 
Published: December 2024

Die-cast ADC12 (Al-3Cu-10Si) aluminum alloy is used for automobiles. Localized corrosion on ADC12 causes failure and accidents. To clarify initiation site of corrosion is the first step for the improvement of corrosion resistance.
As-die-cast ADC12 was used as specimen. The microstructure of ADC12 was consisted of α-Al, Al-Si eutectic phases and Intermetallic particles (IMPs). The size of IMPs was around 1 μm.
OCP measurement was conducted for various time with various electrode areas in 0.1 M NaCl. To clarify initiation site, in-situ observation was carried out during OCP measurement. Bubble generation was observed during immersion. After immersion, Al was dissolved. Bubble generation sites were analyzed to identify initiation site of corrosion.
Enhancement of LiCoO2 Electrode Reaction by Considerable Amounts of Powdery Alpha-LiAlO2
Authors: Arachi Yoshinori , Sanzen Arisa , Nakamura Tatsuya 
Published: December 2024

Considerable amounts of powdery LiAlO2 (LAO) with a layered NaCl-type crystal structure increased a specific capacity of LiCoO2 (LCO) and decreased a polarization resistance. Though LAlO is an electronic insulator, both impedance measurements and low-temperature charge-discharge testing showed that LCO electrode reaction was activated by including the LAO powder with well-crystalized.
Alpha-LAO was prepared via sol-gel method. Rietveld refinement showed that the crystal structure was the same as that of conventional LCO. The LCO electrodes including several tens of mass percent of LAO were obtained by mixing the LAO and LCO powders with vibrational milling at room temperature. The obtained electrodes were characterized by electrochemical testings. LiCoO2 powder (C-5H, Nippon Chemical Industrial Co. Ltd.) was used. The average particle size is around 6 to 7 μm. The working electrode was composed of LCO composite, acetylene black and binder. Li metal was used as a negative electrode and the electrolyte was 1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC):dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (3:7 v/v%). The charge-discharge testing were conducted galvanostatically at various current densities over the voltage range from 2.0 to 4.2 V at 25 °C.
The XRD patterns of samples showed an overlapping of those of LCO and LAO, but no solid solutions were formed. The charge-discharge curves for various investigated LCO composites kept those of bare-LCO, but the specific capacity increased. STEM-EELS of fully-charged LCO composite indicated that the electronic states of LAO (Li K-and Al L-edges) were the same as those of as-prepared. In addition, DFT calculation suggests that it is unable to remove Li ions from LAO up to 4.2 V and LAO may undergo an oxidation reaction at voltages of 5 V or higher. Therefore, the LAO does not participate in the increased capacity, but LAO makes the LCO electrode reaction active kinetically. Accordingly, it enhances a rate-performance of LCO electrode as well as shown in Figure 1.
The LCO-LAO composite electrode potentially could reduce the usage of rare metal cobalt and lead a cost cut as well while improving the battery performance. We will present and discuss an unique effect of powdery LiAlO2 on the LiCoO2 electrode reaction in details.

Figure 1
Composite Porous Structure Formation By Metal-Assisted Etching of p-Type Silicon
Authors: Yae Shinji , Azuma Kyohei , Nishinaka Rin , Hashiguchi Tatsuki , Nakayama Takuma , Matsumoto Ayumu 
Published: December 2024

Metal-assisted etching of silicon can produce porous silicon and silicon nanowires by simply immersing metal-modified silicon in a hydrofluoric acid solution without electrical bias [1]. Such etching proceeds by a local galvanic cell mechanism consisting of local anodic dissolution of silicon and local cathodic reduction of an oxidizing agent, such as oxygen [2, 3] or hydrogen peroxide [1, 4-7], on catalytic metal. The structure of porous silicon is widely controlled from nanometer to sub-millimeter scale in pore size and from straight to an ant-nest like in pore morphology by changing etching conditions [1-3]. We fabricate various porous structures on silicon wafers and apply them to antireflection of solar cells and autocatalytic electroless formation of metal nanorods and metal films on silicon surfaces. Recently, we have reported that general corrosion occurs on the top surface of the silicon substrate around the metal particles and composite porous structure consisting of the straight macropores and mesoporous layer is formed even under the dark condition [4-8]. In this study, the composite structure formation on p-Si substrates is investigated by microscopy, electrochemical measurements and device simulation.
Acknowledgements
The present work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI (20KK0122, 22K04779, 23K04791).
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Atomic Layer Deposition on Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Macak Jan M. , Zazpe Raul , Sopha Hanna , Rodriguez Pereira Jhonatan , Bawab Bilal 
Published: December 2024

One-dimensional nanomaterials – materials with one dimension outside the nanoscale, further noted as 1D NMs – represent a class of very important nanomaterials with continuously increasing importance. Due to their intrinsic features, unique properties and diversity of functionalities, they count among the most widely studied materials nowadays. While considerable research efforts have been spent to synthesize various 1D NMs (e.g. nanopores, nanotubes or nanofibers), limited efforts have been devoted to surface modification and property tailoring of these materials.
However, it is their surface that comes into direct contact with various media (air, gases, liquids, solids) and influences the reactivity, stability and biocompatibility of these materials. The surface and aspect ratio (defined as their diameter to length ratio) influence the performance of these materials in various applications. Considering these facts, it is more relevant to tailor the surface of these materials and to be able to influence their properties and reactivity at the nanoscale, rather than to deal with tailoring their own bulk material composition.
The focus of this presentation is on the modification of anodic TiO2 nanotubes by coatings achieved by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). From all available techniques, ALD is the only capable of really uniform and homogenous coating of these 1D nanomaterials, in particular those of very high-aspect ratio.
Experimental details and some very recent application examples in electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, sensors, batteries, etc. [1-10] and structural characterizations of these modified materials will be discussed.

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(Invited) Mild Anodization of Aluminum: From Fundamentals to Industrial Applications
Authors: Asoh Hidetaka 
Published: December 2024

Considering the recent energy crisis and global environmental pollution, the weight reduction of vehicles through the modification of several parts (e.g., engines and wheels) is emerging as an important research area. One strategy for achieving this is the use of aluminum. Aluminum, a lightweight material with excellent recyclability, is widely used in various industrial fields. There are various surface treatment methods for aluminum, depending on the purpose of use in each operating environment. Corrosion resistance and hardness of native oxides are not enough under some environment.
To improve the surface properties of aluminum, anodic oxidation of aluminum (so-called anodizing or anodization), is generally applied. The surface treatment has a history of nearly 100 years. In Japan, anodization using oxalic acid was first patented in 1923. A porous-type oxide film formed on aluminum by anodization, or a product covered with the porous alumina film, is industrially called alumite in Japan. The structure of a porous-type oxide film (alumite) determines the various surface properties of aluminum. For instance, to increase the hardness of anodic films on aluminum, the anodization is industrially carried out at low temperature to avoid chemical dissolution of the formed oxide film during anodization.
Here, I present an overview of the progress of anodization in common acidic electrolytes (e.g., sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, or phosphoric acid) containing alcohol as an additive [1-6]. Anodization was mainly conducted using various alcohols with different physical properties under mild anodization conditions with a constant current of 100 A·m−2 at 20 °C. The effects of alcohol addition in electrolytes on the anodization behavior of aluminum, the coating ratio, the porosity, the maximum attainable film thickness, and the hardness of anodic films will be discussed in terms of both basic research and commercial applications.

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