bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifts in taxonomic and functional composition of trees along rainfall and phosphorus gradients in central Panama
Authors: Umaña María Natalia , Condit Richard , Pérez Rolando , Turner Benjamin L. , Wright Stuart Joseph , Comita Liza S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Environmental gradients act as potent filters on species distributions driving compositional shifts across communities. Compositional shifts may reflect differences in physiological tolerances to a limiting resource that result in broad distributions for tolerant species and restricted distributions for intolerant species (i.e. a nested pattern). Alternatively, trade‐offs in resource use or conflicting species' responses to multiple resources can result in complete turnover of species along gradients.

We combined trait (leaf area, leaf mass per area, wood density and maximum height) and distribution data for 550 tree species to examine taxonomic and functional composition at 72 sites across strong gradients of soil phosphorus (P) and rainfall in central Panama.

We determined whether functional and taxonomic composition was nested or turned over completely and whether community mean traits and species composition were more strongly driven by P or moisture.

Turnover characterized the functional composition of tree communities. Leaf traits responded to both gradients, with species having larger and thinner leaves in drier and more fertile sites than in wetter and less fertile sites. These leaf trait–moisture relationships contradict predictions based on drought responses and suggest a greater role for differences in light availability than in moisture. Shifts in wood density and maximum height were weaker than for leaf traits with taller species dominating wet sites and low wood density species dominating P‐rich sites.

Turnover characterized the taxonomic composition of tree communities. Geographic distances explained a larger fraction of variation for taxonomic composition than for functional composition, and community mean traits were more strongly driven by P than moisture.

Synthesis. Our results offer weak support for the tolerance hypothesis for tree communities in central Panama. Instead, we observe functional and taxonomic turnover reflecting trade‐offs and conflicting species' responses to multiple abiotic factors including moisture, soil phosphorus and potentially other correlated variables (e.g. light).
Multi‐population seedling and soil transplants show possible responses of a common tropical montane tree species (Weinmannia bangii) to climate change
Authors: Tito Richard , Vasconcelos Heraldo L. , Feeley Kenneth J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

A possible response of many plant species to global warming is migration to higher elevations. However, these migrations may not be required if species can tolerate higher temperatures, or may be prevented if there are other factors such as changes in soil conditions that make upslope areas unsuitable.

We used a set of 3‐year field transplant experiments in the remote Peruvian Andes to simulate two possible responses of an abundant tropical montane cloudforest tree species (Weinmania bangii) to global warming: (a) ‘upward migration’, in which case seedlings of W. bangii's were grown at their current elevation/temperature but in soils transplanted from higher elevations and (b) ‘migration failure’, in which case seedlings were transplanted downslope along with their home soils into areas that are 1°C or 2°C warmer. We conducted separate experiments with populations from the upper/leading edge, middle and lower/trailing edges of W. bangii's elevational/thermal range to assess the influence of local adaptation on responses to changes in temperature or soil.

We found that seedling survival and growth were not affected by changes in soil conditions, regardless of the origin population. However, seedling survival decreased with temperature. A simulated warming of 1°C caused a significant reduction in the survival of seedlings transplanted from the mid‐range population, and 2°C warming caused a severe decrease in the survival of seedlings transplanted from both the mid‐range and bottom‐edge populations.

Synthesis. Our findings reveal that rising temperatures are a serious threat to plants, especially in populations growing in the hotter portion of their species’ range. At least in the case of W. bangii, novel soil conditions will not limit the establishment or growth of seedlings at higher elevations. As such, decreases in the survivorship at lower elevations may be offset through upward migrations as temperatures continue to increase.
Intergenerational Mobility: What Do We Care About? What Should We Care About?
Authors: Corak Miles 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInequality threatens intergenerational income mobility, but different types of inequality threaten mobility in different ways, raising distinct policy challenges. This is why empirical researchers should be agnostic in the choice of statistics they use to measure intergenerational mobility. I argue that Australia is on the whole characterised by a good deal of intergenerational mobility, but that a full picture requires judicious international comparisons across different dimensions of mobility citizens care about, mobility not just of incomes, but also of position and direction, particularly the scope for upward mobility.
TM‐Link: An Internationally Linked Trademark Database
Authors: Petrie Stephen , Adams Mitchell , Mitra‐Kahn Ben , Johnson Matthew , Thomson Russell , Jensen Paul , Palangkaraya Alfons , Webster Elizabeth 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article describes a new database—TM‐Link—that contains 12 million trademark applications and registrations across six jurisdictions. A feature of the database is the identification of trademark equivalents (or families) within and across national trademark offices. Equivalent trademarks are two, or more, insignias for the same product applied for by the same company. Unlike patents, the incentive to file for global priority is comparatively weak since legal priority for trademarks is territorial. To identify the number of true trademark equivalents we therefore create synthetic links using a neural network‐based machine learning algorithm.
Traditional organizations and crisis management in transition—Organizational perspectives on new dynamics of independent civil engagement
Authors: Max Matthias 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDigitalization and the trend towards more short‐term and project‐oriented social engagement have had a direct impact on traditional crisis management. This societal change has supported the evolution of new types of volunteers who use low‐threshold potentials to organize and maintain support independently. Traditional institutions like the German Red Cross are challenged to deal with these rapid changes regarding their own organizational culture in relation to the new phenomenon of so‐called unaffiliated volunteers. This paper investigates how unaffiliated volunteers influence and change the organizational culture of German disaster management by analysing and reflecting organizational adaptation processes in the aftermath of the German floods in 2013, the storm events in the west of Germany in 2014 and the refugee relief mission in 2015–2016. Therefore, semi‐structured interviews with experts of the German Red Cross were held to analyse their reactions towards unaffiliated Volunteers during the Floods in 2013 and the refugee relief missions, and further focus group interviews were conducted to validate the extracted results. Findings suggest that among professionals and leading entities in the German Red Cross, a process of rethinking has emerged, recognizing the importance and necessity to open up organizational structures for the collaboration and coordination of unaffiliated volunteers.
The use of nanoadditives within recycled polymers for food packaging: Properties, recyclability, and safety
Authors: López de Dicastillo Carol , Velásquez Eliezer , Rojas Adrián , Guarda Abel , Galotto María José 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNanotechnology is considered a highly valued technology to reduce the current environmental problem that is derived from plastic accumulation. The need to recycle and reuse packaging materials is essential to create a sustainable society towards a circular economy. However, the reprocessing of polymers leads to the deterioration of their characteristic mechanical, optical, thermal, and barrier properties due to the degradation of their polymeric chains. When recycled polymers are reinforced with nanoadditives, aforementioned properties improve and their use in the circular economy is more viable. In this review, different types of nanoadditives and recent advances in the development of recycled polymer nanocomposites reinforced with nanoadditives will be presented. In addition, there is a description of two research topics of current interest, recyclability of nanocomposites and safety for food packaging applications. Recyclability of nanocomposites requires a study that includes the nature of the polymer matrix, the type of polymer and the concentration of nanofiller, the morphology, the presence of additives, and the conditions of the thermal‐mechanical cycles. Finally, safety section is dedicated to clarify the migration process in nanoreinforced‐recycled polymers in order to assess their safety for food contact applications.
Synergistic antioxidant effects of petunidin and lycopene in H9c2 cells submitted to hydrogen peroxide: Role of Akt/Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Zheng Shilian , Deng Zeyuan , Chen Fang , Zheng Liufeng , Pan Yao , Xing Qian , Tsao Rong , Li Hongyan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhenolics and carotenoids coexist in fruits and vegetables and could possess interaction effects after consumption. The present study aims to elucidate the possible mechanisms of the antioxidant interactions between anthocyanins and carotenoids using petunidin and lycopene as examples in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced heart myofibroblast cell (H9c2) line model. The results revealed that petunidin and lycopene showed antioxidant effects and petunidin in a larger proportion mixed with lycopene, for example, petunidin: lycopene = 9:1 significantly protected against the loss of the cell viability (8.98 ± 1.03%) and intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, 27.07 ± 3.51%), catalase (CAT, 29.51 ± 6.12%), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px, 20.33 ± 2.65%). Moreover, the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of NAD(P)H quinone reductase (NQO1) and heme oxygenase (HO‐1) of the nuclear factor erythrocyte 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway were significantly induced in petunidin, lycopene, and synergistic combinations, suggesting that the antioxidant action was through activating the Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway. This was further validated by Nrf2 siRNA, and the results that petunidin significantly induced more of NQO1 expression and lycopene more of HO‐1 suggested that the synergism may be a result of concerted actions by the two compounds on these two different target genes of the Nrf2 pathway. The two compounds also significantly increased the phosphorylation of Akt in synergistic combinations. Findings of the present study demonstrated that petunidin and lycopene exerted synergistic antioxidant effects when petunidin in a larger proportion in the combinations and contribute to the prevention of cellular redox homeostasis, which might provide a theoretical basis for phenolics and carotenoids playing beneficial effects on the cardiovascular risk.Practical ApplicationIn this study, we revealed that the combined treatments of petunidin and lycopen inhibited H2O2‐induced oxidative damage in myocardial cells. Moreover, the treatments contributed to the Nrf2 pathway and the restoration of cellular redox homeostasis might provide a theoretical basis for phenolics and carotenoids playing beneficial effects on the cardiovascular risk.
Therapeutic benefits of combined sorafenib for intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma unresponsive to transarterial chemoembolization in a Chinese population
Authors: Lee Shou Wu , Tung Chun Fang , Peng Yen Chun , Lien Han Chung , Chang Chi Sen 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the treatment modality for intermediate, or Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its beneficial effect on outcomes is still unsatisfactory. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of combined TACE and sorafenib for patients with intermediate HCC.MethodsPatients with intermediate HCC who were receiving TACE alone (the monotherapy group), or combined TACE and sorafenib (the combined therapy group) from January 2013 to June 2018 were enrolled.ResultsAltogether 64 patients were enrolled, of whom 34 were assigned to the monotherapy group and 30 to the combined therapy group. A prolonged time‐to‐progression (TTP) (mean 14.46 mo vs 6.39 mo, P = 0.001) was noted in the combined therapy group compared with the monotherapy group. Overall survival (OS) (mean 18.96 mo vs15.44 mo, P = 1.000) between the two groups did not differ significantly. After adjustment, there were no significant differences in the 12‐18 month mortality rate between the two groups.ConclusionPatients with intermediate HCC receiving combined TACE and sorafenib had a better TTP, but not OS, than those receiving TACE alone.
Green and scalable synthesis of chiral aromatic alcohols through an efficient biocatalytic system
Authors: Han Meng‐Nan , Wang Xu‐Ming , Pei Chao‐Hong , Zhang Chao , Xu Zhidong , Zhang Hong‐Lei , Li Wei 
Published: June 2020

SummaryChiral aromatic alcohols have received much attention due to their widespread use in pharmaceutical industries. In the asymmetric synthesis processes, the excellent performance of alcohol dehydrogenase makes it a good choice for biocatalysts. In this study, a novel and robust medium‐chain alcohol dehydrogenase RhADH from Rhodococcus R6 was discovered and used to catalyse the asymmetric reduction of aromatic ketones to chiral aromatic alcohols. The reduction of 2‐hydroxyacetophenone (2‐HAP) to (R)‐(‐)‐1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol ((R)‐PED) was chosen as a template to evaluate its catalytic activity. A specific activity of 110 U mg−1 and a 99% purity of e.e. was achieved in the presence of NADH. An efficient bienzyme‐coupled catalytic system (RhADH and formate dehydrogenase, CpFDH) was established using a two‐phase strategy (dibutyl phthalate and buffer), which highly raised the tolerated substrate concentration (60 g l−1). Besides, a broad range of aromatic ketones were enantioselectively reduced to the corresponding chiral alcohols by this enzyme system with highly enantioselectivity. This system is of the potential to be applied at a commercial scale.
The elevated mist‐net frame: A robust and versatile manoeuvrable design for capturing upper strata birds
Authors: Holbech Lars Haubye 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Classic standard mist‐netting limits sampling to understorey birds flying <3 m above‐ground level. Methodological innovations targeting higher strata birds (and bats) are important for ecological studies, particularly in tropical forests.

I present and evaluate a method of applying elevated mist‐net frames (EMF) up to ~25–30 m. I designed detachable mobile alloy frames for standard‐sized 3 × 6 m mist‐nets, weighing ~11 kg including fittings, and suspended by three‐point cable‐wire mounting. State‐of‐the‐art archery and fishing gear are employed for securing anchor lines, with hoisting applied by pulley, ropes and guys.

Elevated mist‐net frame is assembled and detached by two–three team members within 15–20 min, and up‐down hoisting lasts 1–3 min. EMF excludes tree‐climbing and arboreal platforms, through versatile manoeuvring in lightly cluttered naturally open corridors. EMF costs are source and quantity dependent, and feasible to institutions and grant beneficiaries.

Elevated mist‐net frame is a workable alternative or supplement to existing elevated mist‐netting applying poles, ropes and pulleys, owing to strength and durability, replicable construction and versatile manoeuvrability in upper strata. The EMF design demonstrates favourable prospects for high‐tech development, thus further innovations are recommended.
A New Instrument for Measuring Dietary Knowledge in Patients With Diabetes: Psychometric Testing of the CoNOCidiet‐Diabetes
Authors: Romero‐Sánchez José Manuel , Brito‐Brito Pedro Ruymán , Martínez‐Alberto Carlos Enrique , Martín‐García Ángel , Rodríguez‐Álvaro Martín , Group CoNocidiet‐Research , Paloma‐Castro Olga 
Published: May 2020

PURPOSETo determine the psychometric properties of the CoNOCidiet‐Diabetes, a new instrument based on nursing outcome “Knowledge: prescribed diet.”METHODSMethodological design. The participant were 359 patients diagnosed with diabetes visiting 27 primary healthcare centers in Spain. Reliability (internal consistency and test‐retest), validity (convergent criterion validity, concurrent content validity and known‐groups validity), and sensitivity to change was tested.FINDINGSCoNOCidiet‐Diabetes has shown evidence of acceptable psychometric properties as instrument but some items should be revised.CONCLUSIONSThis research provides a new instrument developed to specifically measure dietary knowledge in individuals with diabetes.IMPLICATIONSFor nursing practice: The literalness of the CoNOCidiet‐Diabetes with the nursing outcome “Knowledge: prescribed diet” facilitate its measurement using the patient's statements.
Using Demand Curves to Quantify the Reinforcing Value of Social and Solitary Drinking
Authors: Acuff Samuel F. , Soltis Kathryn E. , Murphy James G. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundYoung adults typically drink in social settings and report high levels of episodic heavy drinking despite a range of adverse consequences. Behavioral economics posits that this may reflect a reinforcer pathology in which alcohol is overvalued relative to other reinforcers. Theoretically, the value of alcohol is related to both the direct pharmacological effects of alcohol (euphoria, sedation) and the associated social reinforcement, but to date no studies have differentiated the value of social vs. solitary drinking. The current study examines two modified hypothetical alcohol purchase tasks (APTs), one explicitly social and one explicitly solitary, in order to quantify the reward value of social vs. solitary drinking and to determine whether there are unique clinical correlates of solitary alcohol demand.MethodsParticipants were young adults (N = 274, Mage = 25.15, SD = 4.10) recruited from Mturk and from a university subject pool. Participants completed a solitary and social APT, in addition to measures of alcohol consumption and problems.ResultsParticipants reported significantly greater demand in the social APT compared to the solitary APT across all demand indices. Elevated solitary and social demand were associated with elevated levels of alcohol use and problems. Using a residualized change approach, solitary demand amplitude (maximum consumption and expenditure) and persistence (price sensitivity) contributed additional variance above and beyond their social APT composite counterparts in predicting typical drinks per week and the self‐care, academic/occupational, and physical dependence subscales of the YAACQ.ConclusionsThe presence of peers increases alcohol demand compared to a solitary scenario, and greater relative solitary drinking demand may be a risk factor for greater alcohol consumption and problems.
Patterns of infection following transrectal ultrasound‐guided biopsy of the prostate in a regional New South Wales Centre
Authors: Grant Alice , Henegan Jessica , Jones Arthur , Ahmadi Nariman , Thomas Robert , Stanton Raymond , Sowter Steven 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the rates, severity and patterns of resistance in patients presenting with post‐transrectal ultrasound infection in a regional centre in New South Wales, Australia.DesignA single‐centre retrospective review from August 2013 until August 2017.SettingMurrumbidgee Local Health District, New South Wales.ParticipantsAll patients who underwent transrectal ultrasonography biopsy of the prostate in the public health system.Main outcome measuresRate of infection and sepsis following biopsy of the prostate requiring readmission to hospital within 30 days from the procedure.ResultsA total of 317 men underwent transrectal ultrasound‐guided biopsy of the prostate over the study period. Nineteen (6%) patients presented with clinical signs of post‐transrectal ultrasound infection, of which 18 (5.7%) required readmission for intravenous antibiotics. Median time to readmission was 2 days (0‐7), and the average length of hospital stay was 5 days (1‐15). Three (0.3%) patients required admission to intensive care for inotropic support. Thirteen patients (68%) had positive blood cultures, and all were positive forEscherichia coli. Four of these patients (21%) had extended spectrum beta‐lactamase producing isolates resistant to their preoperative antibiotics.ConclusionProstate cancer is common in the elderly community with worse outcomes in regional settings. Infective complications from transrectal ultrasound biopsy were 6% in this regional setting with high rates of multi‐resistant organisms. Awareness of this is important for rural health practitioners who are likely to be exposed to this patient population.
Analgesic effect of intravenous dexamethasone after volar plate surgery for distal radius fracture with brachial plexus block anaesthesia: a prospective, double‐blind randomised clinical trial*
Authors: Holmberg A. , Hassellund S. S. , Drægni T. , Nordby A. , Ottesen F. S. , Gulestøl A. , Ræder J. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryRebound pain after brachial plexus block resolution and development of long‐lasting pain are problems associated with volar plate fixation for distal radius fractures. The aim of this double‐blind study was to evaluate the effect of a single prophylactic intravenous dose of dexamethasone in this setting. The primary endpoint was highest pain score during the first 24 hours after surgery. We included 51 adults of ASA physical status 1–2 due to undergo planned acute fixation of the radius. All received premedication with oral paracetamol and etoricoxib, and a pre‐operative brachial plexus block with ropivacaine. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: a dexamethasone group receiving 16 mg dexamethasone intravenously at start of surgery and a control group receiving 4 ml saline. After surgery, all patients received fixed doses of paracetamol, etoricoxib and oxycodone, with further oxycodone added as needed in the first 48 hours. Pain, analgesic consumption and daily function were registered at predefined times up to 1 year after surgery. Median (IQR [range]) worst pain score in the first 24 hours, as assessed by verbal numeric rating scale (0–10), was 4 (2‐6 [0–7]) in the dexamethasone group compared with 8 (5–8 [2–10]) in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Average pain score, 2 (1–4 [0–5]) vs. 5 (3–6 [0–8]), p = 0.001 and rescue oxycodone consumption, 5 (0‐10 [0‐35]) mg vs. 10 (5‐15 [0‐50]) mg, p = 0.037), respectively, were both significantly lower in the dexamethasone group compared with control from 8 to 24 hours. Brachial plexus block duration was 69% longer in the dexamethasone group, 21.5 (19.1‐23.4 [12.9‐24.1]) hours vs. 12.7 (11.9‐15.3 [7.4‐26.6]) hours, p < 0.001. Two patients (9%) in the dexamethasone group compared with 12 (50%) in the placebo group experienced worst pain scores of 8‐10 during the first 36 hours (p = 0.002). At 3 and 7 days postoperatively, there were no significant differences between groups for pain scores or opioid consumption. At 6 months, 27 patients (57%) reported pain at the site of surgery, with significantly higher average pain score (p = 0.024) in the placebo group. At 1 year, two patients in the dexamethasone group reported pain compared with 10 in the placebo group (p = 0.015), and worst pain score was significantly higher in the placebo group (p = 0.018). We conclude that intravenous dexamethasone improves early postoperative analgesia and may also improve clinical outcomes after 6 and 12 months.