bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembly of the amphibian microbiome is influenced by the effects of land-use change on environmental reservoirs
Authors: Barnes Elle M. , Kutos Steve , Naghshineh Nina , Mesko Marissa , You Qing , Lewis J.D. 
Published: December 2020

0AbstractA growing focus in microbial ecology is understanding of how beneficial microbiome function is created and maintained through both stochastic and deterministic assembly mechanisms. This study explores the role of both the environment and disease in regulating the composition of microbial species pools in the soil and local communities of an amphibian host. To address this, we compared the microbiomes of over 200Plethodon cinereussalamanders along a 65km land-use gradient in the greater New York metropolitan area and paired these with associated soil cores. Additionally, we characterized the diversity of bacterial and fungal symbionts that putatively inhibit the pathogenic fungusBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis. We predicted that if soil functions as the main regional species pool to amphibian skin, variation in skin microbial community composition would correlate with changes seen in soil. We found that salamanders share many microbial taxa with their soil environment but that these two microbiomes exhibit key differences, especially in the relative abundances of the bacteria phyla Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria and the fungal phyla Ascomycota and genusBasidiobolus. Microbial community composition varied with changes in land-use associated factors such as canopy cover, impervious surface, and concentrations of the soil elements Al, Ni, and Hg, creating site-specific compositions. In addition, high dissimilarity among individual amphibian microbiomes across and within sites suggest that both stochastic and deterministic mechanisms guide assembly of microbes onto amphibian skin, with likely consequences in disease preventative function.
Large Neutral Amino acid uptake and mTOR activation within CD4+ T cells coordinate Type 2 immunity and host resistance toTrichuris muris
Authors: Krauss Maria Z , Hayes Kelly S , Villegas-Mendez Ana , Hepworth Matthew R , Sinclair Linda V , Couper Kevin N , Grencis Richard K 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTrichuris trichiura(whipworm) is a gastrointestinal nematode that infects approximately 465 million people worldwide.T. murisis used as a tractable model for the human whipworm. In wild type mice, infection with a high dose ofT. muriseggs leads to worm expulsion, which is dependent on a CD4+Th2 response and interleukin (IL-)13 production. It is known that T cells up-regulate glycolysis and uptake of substrates upon activation. The amino acid transporter SLC7A5 has been shown necessary for activation of mTORC1, a nutrient/energy/redox sensor critical for T cell differentiation into effector cells. We found that at the peak of the immune response toT. muris, mice lacking SLC7A5 in CD4+T cells have delayed worm expulsion, lower levels of IL-13, reduced pmTOR and glycolytic rates. However, at later stages of infection IL-13 levels partially recovered alongside resistance. The critical role of CD4+T cell metabolismper seand down-stream mTOR in CD4+T cells in resistance was shown in mice lacking mTOR in CD4+T cells, that failed to expel a high dose of parasites and developed chronic infection. Our study shows that mTOR is essential for effective functioning of T cells during whipworm infection and that deletion of Slc7a5 significantly delays worm clearance.
The metalloproteinase inhibitor Prinomastat reduces AML growth, prevents stem cell loss and improves chemotherapy effectiveness
Authors: Pirillo Chiara , Haltalli Myriam , Anton Sara Gonzalez , Tini Valentina , Kong Isabella , Hawkins Edwin , Falini Brunangelo , Marra Andrea , Duarte Delfim , Celso Cristina Lo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood cancer of the myeloid lineage. Its prognosis remains poor, highlighting the need for new therapeutic and precision medicine approaches. AML symptoms often include cytopenias, linked to loss of healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The mechanism behind HSPC decline is complex and still poorly understood. Here, intravital microscopy (IVM) of a well-established experimental model of AML allows direct observation of the interactions between healthy and malignant cells in the bone marrow (BM), suggesting that physical dislodgment of healthy cells by AML through damaged vasculature may play an important role. Numerous human leukemia types, particularly MLL-AF9 samples, show high expression levels of multiple matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Therefore, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of the MMP inhibitor (MMPI) prinomastat. IVM analyses of treated mice reveal reduced vascular permeability and healthy cell clusters in circulation, and lower AML cell speed. Furthermore, treated mice have decreased BM infiltration, increased retention of healthy HSPCs in the BM and increased survival following chemotherapy. Overall, our results suggest that MMPIs could be a promising complementary therapy to reduce AML growth and limit the loss of HSPC and BM vascular damage caused by MLL-AF9 and possibly other AML subtypes.
Primary school design: co-creation with children
Authors: Ghaziani Rokhshid 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe school environment affects children's health, emotions and learning. The good design of school buildings makes these places more pleasant and more functional. Children's views are important and need to be more effectively integrated in the school design project, especially after the pandemic as many schools had to re-design their spaces. However, there are challenges for academics, designers and policymakers in determining which methods are appropriate for listening to children's views and ensuring their effective participation. The study aims to evaluate the different ways in which children could get involved in designing schools, and to identify spatial design trends from the perspective of the children.Design/methodology/approachFor this study, qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. Various data collection techniques were drawings, model making and questionnaires. The empirical study was undertaken by 120 children (8–10 years old), who designed three spaces in two Primary Schools in England.FindingsThis paper discusses the change in use of spaces for current and future (post-COVID) school design and the need for multi-purpose spaces that can flip form one to another. The findings highlight the importance of involving children in the school design process that could then inform the decision-making processes of architects and designers. The findings would have implications for school design practice, demonstrating how research can be embedded in primary schools to evaluate the quality of indoor and outdoor spaces.Research limitations/implicationsMore research focusing on diverse spaces, various age groups and in different primary schools would provide reliable and age-appropriate guideline for future school design. It is recommended to gather children's and teachers' views related to the changes that primary schools in the UK have applied in response to the pandemic since June 2020 to assess the impact of social distancing in various indoor and outdoor spaces.Originality/valueThe study is a response to effective involvement of children in school design process as the main user. By identifying appropriate methods to gather children's views, the gap between academics, designers and policymakers can be bridged, especially for innovative post-COVID design of primary schools with radical changes. The study also highlights children's views for design of outdoor and indoor multi-functional spaces and suggests some post-pandemic design considerations to respond to children's preferences as well as their health and well-being.
Internet users beware, you follow online health rumors (more than counter-rumors) irrespective of risk propensity and prior endorsement
Authors: Pal Anjan , Banerjee Snehasish 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe Internet is a breeding ground for rumors. A way to tackle the problem involves the use of counter-rumor messages that refute rumors. This paper analyzes users' intention to follow rumors and counter-rumors as a function of two factors: individuals' risk propensity and messages' prior endorsement.Design/methodology/approachThe paper conducted an online experiment. Complete responses from 134 participants were analyzed statistically.FindingsRisk-seeking users were keener to follow counter-rumors compared with risk-averse ones. No difference was detected in terms of their intention to follow rumors. Users' intention to follow rumors always exceeded their intention to follow counter-rumors regardless of whether prior endorsement was low or high.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper contributes to the scholarly understanding of people's behavioral responses when, unknowingly, exposed to rumors and counter-rumors on the Internet. Moreover, it dovetails the literature by examining how risk-averse and risk-seeking individuals differ in terms of intention to follow rumors and counter-rumors. It also shows how prior endorsement of such messages drives their likelihood to be followed.Originality/valueThe paper explores the hitherto elusive question: When users are unknowingly exposed to both a rumor and its counter-rumor, which entry is likely to be followed more than the other? It also takes into consideration the roles played by individuals' risk propensity and messages' prior endorsement.
Level of Maqāsid ul-Shari’āh’s in financial reporting standards for Islamic financial institutions
Authors: Mukhlisin Murniati 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis study aims to measure levels of Sharīʿah-compliance in Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) financial reporting standards with the objective to investigate the application of Maqāsid ul-Sharīʿah as a compliance measure reflected in the reporting standards.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts Maqāsid ul-Sharīʿah’s model to measure levels of Sharīʿah-compliance amongst three available financial reporting frameworks and presentation standards; international financial reporting standards (IFRS), accounting and auditing organization for Islamic financial institutions (AAOIFI), Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (PSAK) Syariah. NVivo 10 software is used in this paper to help measure quantitatively the compliance level of each standard.FindingsThe findings suggest that the use of Maqāsid ul-Sharīʿah leads to a more complete understanding of how the meaning of Sharīʿah and its values can be integrated into the demands of financial reporting, and hence, offering greater convergence between ethics and accounting regulations amongst IFIs.Originality/valueIt documents different context of content analysis that takes examples of Islamic financial reporting studies and uses both classical and contemporary theoretical bases. The main outputs are designed for standard setters and policymakers with expectation for Sharīʿah objectives (i.e. Maqāsid ul-Sharīʿah), to be embedded in the preparation of financial reporting standards for the IFIs. Hence, they will be able to show their full accountability then gain better trust from the stakeholders.
Determinants and market performance of Fortune 100 best companies: evidence from Islamic perspective
Authors: Bhaskaran Rajesh Kumar , Ting Irene Wei Kiong , Azizan Noor Azlinna , Yelubolu Kranthi Vidhatha 
Published: November 2020

PurposeIslam is valid for every place and time, and it promotes fair and equitable employees’ relations as an essential corporate social responsibility (CSR) policy for successful organisations such as Fortune 100 companies. Whence, this study aims to explore Fortune 100 best companies exhibit better market performance and capitalisation relative to other companies in relation to their employees’ satisfaction as a significant contributor to better performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducts two-stage robust least square regressions analyses on Fortune’s best a sample of Fortune companies list in 2017.FindingsTests of differences in mean indicate that Fortune listed companies have superior profitability, liquidity and firm size compared with the control sample data set. The regression results are also robust to the use of different measures of market performance, such as market capitalisation, price/earnings ratio and price/book ratio, as well as to the potential endogeneity problem. This study also reveals the top 10 employers with the highest number of employees with their number of times being ranked in Fortune best companies. The result is in line and compatible with the concept of CSR in Islam perspective which encompasses legal, economic, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities (Maruf, 2013). Islamic CSR promotes the behaviour of brotherhood and justice to balance employee rights and better coherence between self-interest and altruism. With that, satisfied employees contribute to firm performance.Practical implicationsOverall, this study extends the insight that satisfied employees may, in turn, mean better market performances for a company.Originality/valueThe findings corroborate human relations theories, as well as from the Islamic perspective, employee satisfaction results in greater market performances.
Cooperation and novelty innovation: a study for Argentina
Authors: Pasciaroni Carolina , Barbero Andrea 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to analyse the influence of cooperation on the degree of novelty of technological innovations introduced by industrial firms in Argentina. This influence is analysed from three perspectives: cooperation by partner type [business partners or scientific and technological centres (S&T) partners]; cooperation by number of partner types, from no cooperation to cooperation with two partner types; and cooperation by goals pursued by firms.

Design/methodology/approach
The data come from one of the last national innovation surveys conducted in Argentina. The study controls for endogeneity, using instrumental variable procedures within the conditional mixed-process (CMP) framework.

Findings
The main result is the influence of cooperation with universities and S&T centres on the introduction of more novel innovations, which was found both in estimations with and without endogeneity correction. This influence was verified for more complex goals (R&D, technology transfer and industrial design and engineering) as well as for less complex ones (tests and trials, human resources training, quality management and certification). Business cooperation seems to impact only on a lower degree of novelty for more complex goals. The increase in the number of partners that the firm cooperates with, from no cooperation to joint cooperation with two partner types, influences more novel innovations.

Research limitations/implications
Limitations and proposals for future research are discussed at the end of the study.

Practical implications
The results of this study contrast with the high propensity to cooperate with business partners shown by firms in Argentina and other Latin American countries. Therefore, this paper may help formulate more effective policies to promote cooperation conducive to firm innovation performance. Limitations and proposals for future research are discussed at the end of the study.

Originality/value
Although there is empirical evidence on this topic for developed countries, firm-level studies on cooperation and degree of novelty are scarce for Latin America. In addition, this paper analyses cooperation not only by type of partner but also by type of goal. This study attempted to control for endogeneity by using instrumental variables within the CMP framework.
Management in times of crisis: Can collective plans prepare teams to make and implement good decisions?
Authors: Thürmer J. Lukas , Wieber Frank , Gollwitzer Peter M. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeCrises such as the Coronavirus pandemic pose extraordinary challenges to the decision making in management teams. Teams need to integrate available information quickly to make informed decisions on the spot and update their decisions as new information becomes available. Moreover, making good decisions is hard as it requires sacrifices for the common good, and finally, implementing the decisions made is not easy as it requires persistence in the face of strong counterproductive social pressures.Design/methodology/approachWe provide a “psychology of action” perspective on making team-based management decisions in crisis by introducing collective implementation intentions (We-if-then plans) as a theory-based intervention tool to improve decision processes. We discuss our program of research on forming and acting on We-if-then plans in ad hoc teams facing challenging situations.FindingsTeams with We-if-then plans consistently made more informed decisions when information was socially or temporally distributed, when decision makers had to make sacrifices for the common good, and when strong social pressures opposed acting on their decisions. Preliminary experimental evidence indicates that assigning simple We-if-then plans had similar positive effects as providing a leader to steer team processes.Originality/valueOur analysis of self-regulated team decisions helps understand and improve how management teams can make and act on good decisions in crises such as the Coronavirus pandemic.
Commentary on a “unified approach to behaviours that challenge”: against consensus – why we need a new field of challenging behaviour studies
Authors: Clifford Simplican Stacy 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This paper challenges the value of consensus within the field of learning disability. In this commentary, the author argues that consensus threatens to silence multiple viewpoints, hides how power operates and stifles creativity.

Design/methodology/approach
The author focuses on two articles within this special issue to suggest that the consensus celebrated is more about a set of shared values, rather than a set of shared practices. This should make us question the depth of the field’s consensus.

Findings
The presumption that multiple paradigms can be “unified” actually hides how power operates to resolve disagreements among positive behaviour support, active support and human rights approaches. A similar erasure occurs in the language of “capable environments,” which the author argues obscures the role of individuals, relationships and organizational cultures in impacting quality of life.

Research limitations/implications
We need to create and build a new interdisciplinary field of challenging behaviour studies that is willing to embrace conflict and disagreement in research, policy and practice.

Practical implications
The author believes that this approach is more likely to empower people, including people with learning disabilities whose behaviour challenges, family members, and direct support workers because it is more likely to recognize their experiences and expertise.

Originality/value
A new multidisciplinary field of challenging behaviour studies may encourage more theoretical diversity that makes us challenge the value of consensus and embrace creativity.
Urbanization‐driven climate change increases invertebrate lipid demand, relative to protein—A response to dehydration
Authors: Becker Jamie E. , McCluney Kevin E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Climatic change alters not only animal energy balance but also water balance, but this latter topic has received less attention. Water can be obtained through consumption of moist food and metabolism of dry food. The breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins can produce metabolic water. Metabolism of lipids produces large amounts of water, whereas excretion of nitrogenous waste related to protein metabolism requires water losses.

Here we tested the hypothesis that climatic shifts associated with urbanization influences animal lipid demand relative to protein, due to shifts in water balance.

We placed artificial diets high in lipid or protein, and either with or without supplemented water, at 16 pairs of sites along an urbanization gradient in Toledo, OH, USA.

Lipid consumption, relative to protein, increased with urbanization and mean temperature, but water supplementation reduced the magnitude of this association. Ants were ~50% of the observed consumers.

These results suggest that shifts in nutritional demand with climatic change are partially predictable from physiological first principles related to water balance and nutrient metabolism. Because ants and other arthropods play key roles in many food webs and ecosystems, increased demand for lipids with urbanization or climate change could have major consequences for ecosystem services (e.g. urban waste removal, seed predation). Overall, our results suggest that warming related to urbanization increases animal demand for lipids, in part to maintain water balance, and this could have important implications for both animal health and ecosystem services.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Claiming Digital Technology for Health Equity: Early Lessons from Promising Practices in India
Authors: Dasgupta Jashodhara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe recent proliferation of digital technologies for development has led to a new paradigm of state‐citizen relations in which technology mediates the citizens' interactions with the agencies of government. The use of digital technologies has enabled the state to effectively distinguish between the “deserving” and “undeserving” poor, so as to parse the digital subject that is worthy of the state’s projects of governmentality. However, the top‐down use of technology occurs within a specific value system that is oblivious to contextual reality and does not question existing power asymmetries. Recent initiatives in northern India have questioned the state’s use of such technologies to devalue the agency of the poor and their autonomous capacity to contribute to development policy and practice. This Commentary will briefly examine two examples from India, where citizens’ movements have reshaped the terms of engagement through the medium of digital technologies, towards creating a more responsive state. Such initiatives have the potential to reframe the very objectives from the perspective of the affected people, and to reclaim digital technologies towards promoting equity.