bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen fertilizer rate for improving inbred maize (Zea mays L.) yield on the semi-arid southern coast of Puerto Rico
Authors: Rivera-Zayas Johanie , Sotomayor-Ramírez David , Barnes Ricardo 
Published: May 2020

Nitrogen (N) is possibly the most limiting nutrient for crop production on the southern semi-arid coast of Puerto Rico. In efforts to improve inbred maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield, fertilizer N is sometimes aggressively managed. In this paper, we report on the results of a field experiment that evaluated the effect of six rates of fertilizer N (0, 34, 68,102,135 and 203 kg N/ha) and of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata cv. Iron-clay), planted as a cover crop during the offseason, on inbred maize grain yield. The soil was Jacaguas series (Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, isohyperthermic Fluventic Haplustolls) on the Dow Agrosciences experimental farm in Santa Isabel, Puerto Rico. Cowpea was planted on 13 July 2013 and incorporated into the soil on 20 September 2013. An inbred maize line was planted on 19 December 2013 and harvested on 19 March 2014 at a plant density of 51,645 plants per hectare. Irrigation was provided via drip system, and fertilizer N was applied at three different stages during the growing season: at emergence, 21 and 37 days after planting. Measurements of plant height, chlorophyll readings using SPAD-502® and GreenSeeker®, and leaf N concentration were used as indicators of treatment response and N sufficiency. The maximum grain yield of 2,918 kg/ha was attained with the fertilizer N rate of 68 kg N/ha. The cowpea cover crop rotation did not affect grain yield (P>0.05). Plant height, and measurements by SPAD-502® and GreenSeeker® provided adequate indicators of crop N sufficiency during the vegetative stages V6 to V12, with optimum values of 149 cm, 46, and 0.67 NDVI, respectively, 52 days after planting with an application of 68 kg N/ ha. Crop response to fertilizer N occurred at a lower rate than in previous studies and those occurring under conventional commercial conditions. Other factors related to fertilizer N management, such as sources, placement and timing of application might be as important for grain yield improvement of inbred maize.
CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÓMICAS Y COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA DE TRES LEGUMINOSAS ARBUSTIVAS: CRATYLIA ARGENTEA(DESV.) KUNTZE, CALLIANDRA CALOTHYRSUSMEISN Y LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA(LAM.) DE WIT.
Authors: Maritere Crespo  , Abner A. Rodríguez  , Elide Valencia  , Paul F. Randel  
Published: May 2020

CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÓMICAS Y COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA DE TRES LEGUMINOSAS ARBUSTIVAS: CRATYLIA ARGENTEA(DESV.) KUNTZE, CALLIANDRA CALOTHYRSUSMEISN Y LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA(LAM.) DE WIT.
Single-photon laser-induced fluorescence detection of nitric oxide at sub-parts-per-trillion mixing ratios
Authors: Rollins Andrew W. , Rickly Pamela S. , Gao Ru-Shan , Ryerson Thomas B. , Brown Steven S. , Peischl Jeff , Bourgeois Ilann 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. We describe a newly developed single-photon laser-induced fluorescence sensor for measurements of nitric oxide (NO) in the atmosphere. Rapid tuning of a narrow-band laser on and off of a rotationally resolved NO spectral feature near 215 nm and detection of the red-shifted fluorescence provides for interference-free direct measurements of NO with a detection limit of 1 part per trillion by volume (pptv) for 1 s of integration, or 0.3 pptv for 10 s of integration. Uncertainty in the sensitivity of the instrument is typically ±6–9 %, with no known interferences. Uncertainty in the zero of the detector is shown to be <0.2 pptv. The instrument was deployed on the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the NASA/NOAA FIREX-AQ experiment (Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments Experiment – Air Quality) during July–September 2019 and provided more than 140 h of NO measurements over 22 flights, demonstrating the ability of this instrument to operate routinely and autonomously. Comparisons with a seasoned chemiluminescence sensor during FIREX-AQ in a variety of chemical environments provides validation and confidence in the accuracy of this technique.
Drought resistance increases from the individual to the ecosystem level in highly diverse Neotropical rainforest: a meta-analysis of leaf, tree and ecosystem responses to drought
Authors: Janssen Thomas , Fleischer Katrin , Luyssaert Sebastiaan , Naudts Kim , Dolman Han 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The effects of future warming and drying on tropical
forest functioning remain largely unresolved. Here, we conduct a
meta-analysis of observed drought responses in Neotropical humid forests,
focusing on carbon and water exchange. Measures of leaf-, tree- and ecosystem-scale performance were retrieved from 145 published studies conducted across
232 sites in Neotropical forests. Differentiating between seasonal and
episodic drought, we find that (1) during seasonal drought the increase in
atmospheric evaporative demand and a decrease in soil matric potential
result in a decline in leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, leaf
photosynthesis and stem diameter growth while leaf litterfall and leaf
flushing increase. (2) During episodic drought, we observe a further decline
in stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, stem growth and, in contrast to
seasonal drought, a decline also in daily tree transpiration. Responses of
ecosystem-scale processes, productivity and evapotranspiration are of a
smaller magnitude and often not significant. Furthermore, we find that the
magnitude and direction of a drought-induced change in photosynthesis,
stomatal conductance and transpiration reported in a study is correlated to
study-averaged wood density. Although wood density is often not functionally
related to plant hydraulic properties, we find that it is a good proxy for
hydraulic behaviour and can be used to predict leaf- and tree-scale responses
to drought. We present new insights into the functioning of tropical forest
in response to drought and present novel relationships between wood density
and tropical-tree responses to drought.
Soil moisture sensor network design for hydrological applications
Authors: Zhuo Lu , Dai Qiang , Zhao Binru , Han Dawei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Soil moisture plays an important role in the partitioning of rainfall into
evapotranspiration, infiltration, and runoff, hence a vital state variable in hydrological modelling. However, due to the heterogeneity of soil moisture in space, most existing in situ observation networks rarely provide sufficient coverage to capture the catchment-scale soil moisture variations. Clearly, there is a need to develop a systematic approach for soil moisture network design, so that with the minimal number of sensors the catchment spatial soil moisture information could be captured accurately. In this study, a simple and low-data requirement method is proposed. It is based on principal component analysis (PCA) for the investigation of the network redundancy degree and K-means cluster analysis (CA) and a selection of statistical criteria for the determination of the optimal sensor number and placements. Furthermore, the long-term (10-year) 5 km surface soil moisture datasets estimated through the advanced Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are used as the network design inputs. In the case of the Emilia-Romagna catchment, the results show the proposed network is very efficient in estimating the catchment-scale surface soil moisture (i.e. with NSE and r at 0.995 and 0.999, respectively, for the areal mean estimation; and 0.973 and 0.990, respectively, for the areal standard deviation estimation). To retain 90 % variance, a total of 50 sensors in a 22 124 km2 catchment is needed, and in comparison with the original number of WRF grids (828 grids), the designed network requires significantly fewer sensors. However, refinements and investigations are needed to further improve the design scheme, which are also discussed in the paper.
Worldwide lake level trends and responses to background climate variation
Authors: Kraemer Benjamin M. , Seimon Anton , Adrian Rita , McIntyre Peter B. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Lakes provide many important benefits to society, including
drinking water, flood attenuation, nutrition, and recreation. Anthropogenic
environmental changes may affect these benefits by altering lake water
levels. However, background climate oscillations such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation can obscure
long-term trends in water levels, creating uncertainty over the strength and
ubiquity of anthropogenic effects on lakes. Here we account for the effects
of background climate variation and test for long-term (1992–2019) trends in
water levels in 200 globally distributed large lakes using satellite
altimetry data. The median percentage of water level variation associated
with background climate variation was 58 %, with an additional 10 %
explained by seasonal variation and 25 % by the long-term trend. The
relative influence of specific axes of background climate variation on water
levels varied substantially across and within regions. After removing the
effects of background climate variation on water levels, long-term water
level trend estimates were lower (median: +0.8 cm yr−1) than
calculated from raw water level data (median: +1.2 cm yr−1).
However, the trends became more statistically significant in 86 % of lakes
after removing the effects of background climate variation (the median
p value of trends changed from 0.16 to 0.02). Thus, robust tests for
long-term trends in lake water levels which may or may not be anthropogenic
will require prior isolation and removal of the effects of background
climate variation. Our findings suggest that background climate variation
often masks long-term trends in environmental variables but can be
accounted for through more comprehensive statistical analyses.
Evaluation of long-term Northern Hemisphere snow water equivalent products
Authors: Mortimer Colleen , Mudryk Lawrence , Derksen Chris , Luojus Kari , Brown Ross , Kelly Richard , Tedesco Marco 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Nine gridded Northern Hemisphere snow water equivalent
(SWE) products were evaluated as part of the European Space Agency (ESA)
Satellite Snow Product Intercomparison and Evaluation Exercise (SnowPEx).
Three categories of datasets were assessed: (1) those utilizing some form of
reanalysis (the NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System version 2 –
GLDAS-2; the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)
interim land surface reanalysis – ERA-Interim/Land and ERA5; the NASA
Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 1
(MERRA) and version 2 (MERRA-2); the Crocus snow model driven by ERA-Interim
meteorology – Crocus); (2) passive microwave remote sensing combined with
daily surface snow depth observations (ESA GlobSnow v2.0); and (3) stand-alone passive microwave retrievals (NASA AMSR-E SWE versions 1.0 and
2.0) which do not utilize surface snow observations. Evaluation included
validation against independent snow course measurements from Russia,
Finland, and Canada and product intercomparison through the calculation of
spatial and temporal correlations in SWE anomalies. The stand-alone passive
microwave SWE products (AMSR-E v1.0 and v2.0 SWE) exhibit low spatial and
temporal correlations to other products and RMSE nearly double the best
performing product. Constraining passive microwave retrievals with surface
observations (GlobSnow) provides performance comparable to the
reanalysis-based products; RMSE over Finland and Russia for all but the
AMSR-E products is ∼50 mm or less, with the exception of
ERA-Interim/Land over Russia. Using a seven-dataset ensemble that excluded
the stand-alone passive microwave products reduced the RMSE by 10 mm (20 %)
and increased the correlation from 0.67 to 0.78 compared to any individual
product. The overall performance of the best multiproduct combinations is
still at the margins of acceptable uncertainty for scientific and
operational requirements; only through combined and integrated improvements
in remote sensing, modeling, and observations will real progress in SWE
product development be achieved.
Het classicistische politieke denken van Van Hogendorp
Authors: Mik Alban 
Published: May 2020

Het classicistische politieke denken van Van Hogendorp
Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp is the auctor intellectualis of the 1818 Dutch constitution. It was his sketch for a new constitution that was used as a starting point for the deliberations of its original drafting committee. Van Hogendorp justifies his constitution as a restoration of the Burgundian constitution that applied before the Dutch Republic. In recent literature Van Hogendorp’s restorational argument is presented as an invention of tradition. In this article an alternative explanation is presented, namely that it is part of a form of classicist political thought that was common during the ancien régime. Van Hogendorp describes his constitution as a moderate monarchy, in which the three principles of monarchy, aristocracy and democracy are properly balanced. And he mainly defends this mixed regime by pointing out that it is a restoration of the old Burgundian constitution of the Netherlands. This way of reasoning is, as will be shown, typically classicistic.
Breastfeeding in Normal Newborn: Basic Concepts
Authors: Purkayastha Jayashree 
Published: May 2020

Breastfeeding is a complete nutrition for the baby and beneficial to the baby and the mother. Mothers should be prepared for breastfeeding and motivated antenatally. Breastfeeding should be initiated within 1 h of normal delivery and 4 h of Caesarean section. In the first 2 days, colostrum is secreted which is highly immunogenic to the baby. Mature milk comes by day 10 of life. Foremilk is rich in protein and vitamins, while hindmilk is rich in fat. Proper technique should be followed for successful breastfeeding. Reflexes in the mother while breastfeeding are prolactin and oxytocin reflexes, while reflexes in the baby are rooting, sucking and swallowing. In case of early discharge from the hospital, adequacy of breastfeeding should be checked at 3–5 days of life. Breastfeeding develops bonding between the baby and the mother and promotes brain growth of the baby. Human milk is suitable for the baby and contains less protein and minerals than cow’s milk and has less solute load for immature kidneys of the baby. Breastfeeding should be on demand, minimum eight times per day. The common feeding problems in the mother are flat or inverted nipple, sore nipple, engorgement of breasts, and mastitis which should be prevented.
A Novel Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Reactive Red Dye to Determine Water Quality
Authors: Kolatoğlu Rifat , Aydin Enes , Demir Mehtap , Yildiz Ahmet , Karakuş Selcan , Tüzün Elif , Beköz Üllen Nuray , Taşaltın Nevin , Kilislioğlu Ayben 
Published: May 2020

In this study, tragacanth gum/chitosan/ZnO nanoprism-based electrochemical sensors were prepared for sensing reactive dyes in water. To use an electrochemical sensor, a ~250 nm-sized ZnO nanoprism was synthesized via ultrasonic-assisted green synthesis method, using tragacanth gum and chitosan polymer blend as a matrix. The electrochemical properties of tragacanth gum/chitosan/ZnO nanoprisms were compared against reactive red 35, reactive yellow 15, and reactive black 194. The electrochemical measurement results indicated that prepared tragacanth gum/chitosan/ZnO nanoprism-based electrochemical sensor detected 25 ppm reactive red 35 in 1 min at room temperature. This study reveals new high-potential novel tragacanth gum/chitosan/ZnO nanoprism-based sensing material for the detection of reactive red dye-consisted wastewater with high sensitivity and short response time.
Avaliação da educação superior no Brasil
Authors: Souza Saulo Rodrigo Alves de , Guerra Maria das Graças Gonçalves Vieira 
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo apresenta-se o processo de formulação de concepções e modelos de avaliação da educação superior no Brasil, tendo por marco histórico o final da década de 1970, em virtude da realização da primeira avaliação sistemática da educação superior, voltada a todos os cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu. A partir de fontes documentais e bibliográficas apresenta-se as principais ações realizadas desde a elaboração de uma agenda da política pública de avaliação da educação superior até a criação do Sistema Nacional de Educação de Avaliação da Educação Superior - Sinaes. Palavras-chave: avaliação; educação superior; Brasil; Sinaes.
El amor filial como práctica intersticial: Una etnografía digital
Authors: Scribano Adrián 
Published: May 2020

Frente a la normalización global del disfrute inmediato a través del consumo, la internacionalización del miedo y la ansiedad, el surgimiento de la "pos-verdad" y la desconfianza respecto de la política, un análisis sistemático del amor como práctica intersticial se evidencia como una huella clara para comprender las sociedades contemporáneas. La felicidad, la reciprocidad y el amor como prácticas sociales permiten una visión diferente del proceso de estructuración social que en la actualidad da forma al mundo entero. La sociología se enfrenta hoy con cientos de miles de prácticas inscriptas en los intersticios, en los pliegues y grietas de unas economías políticas de la moral que son desmentidas en tanto totalidad cerrada por esas mismas prácticas. El artículo busca hacer visible un conjunto diverso y complejo de "prácticas del querer", asociadas al amor filial, que se presentan en América Latina como respuesta a la desaparición de personas, el femicidio, la discriminación, la violencia estatal y muchos otros nodos de las matrices de conflicto actuales. A través de una etnografía digital en 6 países (México, Guatemala, Brasil, Uruguay, Chile y Argentina) se han podido registrar un conjunto de prácticas basadas en el amor que reconfiguran el mapa de las acciones colectivas y zonas de rechazo en contra de la normalización globalizada. El artículo finaliza enfatizando la necesidad de seguir indagando en torno a la reciprocidad y la confianza como otras prácticas intersticiales que pueblan las múltiples redes de respuesta a la planetarización capitalista.Faced with the global normalization of immediate enjoyment through consumption, the internationalization of fear and anxiety, the emergence of "post-truth" and distrust of politics, a systematic analysis of love as an interstitial practice is evidenced as a clear footprint to understand contemporary societies. Happiness, reciprocity and love as social practices allow a different vision of the process of social structuring that currently shapes the whole world. Sociology today faces hundreds of thousands of practices that are inscribed in the interstices, in the folds and crevices of a political economy of morality that is denied as a totality closed by those same practices. The article seeks to make visible a diverse and complex set of "practices of wanting", associated with filial love, that are presented in Latin America in response to the disappearance of people, feminicide, discrimination, state violence and many other nodes of the current conflict matrices. Through a digital ethnography in 6 countries (Mexico, Guatemala, Brazil, Uruguay, Chile and Argentina) it has been possible to register a set of practices based on love that reconfigure the map of collective actions and areas of rejection against the globalized normalization. It ends by emphasizing the need to continue investigating around reciprocity and trust as other interstitial practices that populate the multiple networks of response to capitalist planetarization.
Multi-modal treatment strategy for achieving an aesthetic lower face
Authors: Jeong Tae Kwang , Chung Chang Ho , Min Kyung Hee 
Published: May 2020

Background Most women consider an oval-shaped face to be youthful and beautiful. In recent years, demand has grown for surgical procedures with a shorter downtime and fewer complications. These minimally invasive procedures include botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) injection, filler injection, suction-assisted liposuction (SAL), laser-assisted lipolysis (LAL), thread lifting, and fat grafting. This study aims to introduce an effective method for creating an aesthetically pleasing lower face using a combination of minimally invasive procedures.
Methods From March 2017 to March 2019, 94 patients simultaneously underwent LAL, SAL, and thread lifting. Ancillary procedures such as BoNTA injections, hyaluronic acid filler injections, and removal of the buccal fat pad (BFP) were selectively performed according to the patient’s condition.
Results Patients rated their postoperative satisfaction as very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied, or very dissatisfied. Approximately 83% of all respondents were satisfied with the results, whereas the remaining respondents had complaints regarding the outcomes. The most common reasons for dissatisfaction were a longer-than-expected recovery time and undercorrection, and the most severe complaint was skin depression as a result of overcorrection.
Conclusions Our method of simultaneously performing LAL, SAL, and thread lifting, while adding BoNTA, filler injections, and BFP removal as needed, was capable of producing consistent and reliable aesthetic outcomes for the lower face.
Epidemiology of severe trauma patients treated by plastic surgeons: A 7-year study at a single regional trauma center in South Korea
Authors: Jung Joo Sung , Kang Dong Hee , Lim Nam Kyu 
Published: May 2020

Background After the laws regulating emergency medicine were amended in 2012, regional trauma centers were established in South Korea. Plastic surgeons specialize in the simultaneous surgical care of patients with facial trauma, burns, and complicated wounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the plastic surgery department in treating severe trauma patients.
Methods From January 2012 to December 2018, we enrolled 366 severe trauma patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) over 15 who received treatment by specialists in the plastic surgery department. Of these patients, 298 (81.4%) were male, and their mean age was 51.35 years (range, 6–91 years). The average ISS was 22.01 points (range, 16–75 points).
Results The most common diagnosis was facial trauma (95.1%), and facial bone fracture (65.9%) was most common injury within this subgroup. Patients were referred to 1.8 departments on average, with the neurosurgery department accounting for a high proportion of collaborations (37.0%). The most common cause of trauma was traffic accidents (62.3%), and the average length of stay in the general ward and intensive care unit was 36.90 and 8.01 days, respectively. Most patients were discharged home (62.0%) without additional transfer or readmission.
Conclusions Through this study, we scoped out the role of the specialty of plastic surgery in the multidisciplinary team at regional trauma centers. These results may have implications for trauma system planning.