bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local community support, attitude and perceived benefits in the UNESCO World Heritage Site
Authors: Hanafiah Mohd Hafiz , Jamaluddin Mohd Raziff , Riyadi Agus 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis study aims to explore the support and attitudes of the local community together with the benefits of living in the vicinity of George Town UNESCO World Heritage Site. George Town is one of the popular UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachA total of 319 respondents residing in the gazetted area of George Town World Heritage Sites were interviewed. The covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) analysis was conducted to test the study’s hypotheses.FindingsThe community's attitudes and personal benefits were identified to strongly influence community’s support towards the conservation and development of the World Heritage Sites in George Town. While a small number of community members acknowledged the significant opportunities through tourism, majority of them expected economic and non-economic benefits from the development of World Heritage Sites.Practical implicationsThe findings from this study are expected to contribute to the ongoing debate on the perceived effects, benefits and future support of the World Heritage Sites from the local community's perspectives.Social implicationsUnderstanding the behaviour of the local community to create successful tourism planning, especially in delicate heritage destinations.Originality/valueThis study enriches the scarce empirical research study on community’s behaviour living in the vicinity of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, especially in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) region.
Armed and (potentially) dangerous: exploring sheriffs' perspectives of police militarization
Authors: Meitl Michele Bisaccia , Wellman Ashley , Kinkade Patrick 
Published: August 2020

PurposeDomestic law enforcement increasingly utilizes military tools and techniques in traditional policing activities. An increased militaristic approach is not without controversy, given the many high-profile incidents involving such tactics that have resulted in tragedy. We seek to assess specific views of policymakers who implement such strategies by measuring the attitudes of Texas sheriffs on these measures.Design/methodology/approachIn late 2019 and early 2020, a census was completed with Texas sheriffs to better understand their attitudes about the use of military tactics. A robust return rate captured the views of 142 (56%) respondents from a diverse set of rural and urban counties. Opinions on the appropriateness, effectiveness and necessity of military techniques were measured.FindingsResults indicate Texas sheriffs strongly support the use of military tools and techniques, believe they protect officer safety and should continue to be taught and utilized by law enforcement when appropriate.Practical implicationsSecondary consequences of police militarization may counteract its desired positive outcomes and lead to significant risks for officers and citizens alike. Strong police support makes the reduction in use of these tactics unlikely, but these results give opportunity for consideration of such policy to all law enforcement agencies.Originality/valueIt is the first study to examine county sheriffs' perceptions of militarization since the events of Ferguson, Missouri and provides a very recent assessment of views from a population of leaders both integrated into policy decisions and intimately accountable for policy implementation.
A structural equation modeling analysis of factors driving customer purchase intention towards solar water heater
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Syan Amanjot Singh , Kaur Komalpreet 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe underlying research is an attempt to discover the factors responsible for influencing customer purchase intention towards solar water heaters.Design/methodology/approachSix dimensions have been considered to assess customer purchase intention towards a solar water heater. The primary data involves the responses collected from 695 respondents belonging to the north region of India using a convenience sampling technique. Structural equation modeling analysis has been employed to examine the dimensions' impact on customer purchase intention.FindingsThe results concluded that dimensions such as increasing energy prices, product knowledge and experience, financial support and subsidies, perceived cost, have a positive influence on customers' purchase intention of solar water heater except for the dimension of “solar water heater aesthetics”.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the limited sample size, findings cannot be generalized for the large-scale population. Moreover, this study is only confined to the assessment of particular factors that are affecting the purchase intention of customers confined to solar water heaters only.Practical implicationsThe present study will provide an advantage to organizations that are in the process of implementing solar energy products into working. Moreover, this research will also assist policymakers regarding the formulation of policies on solar energy products. An undue advantage of this would be the increasing adoption of a solar water heater by understanding the factors that impact customer purchase intention.Originality/valueConsiderably, this research, by filling up the gap in the existing studies, will empirically contribute to the customer purchase intention towards SWHs. Additionally, the results of the study will also endow an additive advantage to the existing firms.
Secondary non‐invasive prenatal screening for fetal trisomy: an effectiveness study in a public health setting
Authors: Guy GP , Hargrave J , Dunn R , Price K , Short J , Thilaganathan B ,   the SAFE test collaborative
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of secondary screening using non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in a routine NHS setting including test performance, turn‐around times (TATs) and no‐call (failure to obtain result) rates. To examine the influence of maternal and fetal characteristics on test performance.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingLondon teaching hospital.SampleA total of 8651 pregnancies undergoing screening for fetal trisomy using NIPT provided by an NHS cell‐free DNA screening laboratory – the SAFE laboratory.MethodsScreening test evaluation and TATs. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify significant predictors of no‐call results and reported by low fetal fraction (<2%), very high fetal fraction (>40%) and processing failure.Main outcome measuresTest performance, TATs and no‐call rates, factors affecting no‐call results.ResultsAverage TAT was 4.0 days (95% CI 4.0–4.2 days). Test sensitivities for trisomies 21 and 13/18 were 98.9% (95% CI 95.9–99.9%) and 90.4% (95% CI 80.0–96.8%), respectively. The overall no‐call rate was 32/8651 (0.37%, 95% CI 0.26–0.52%). The overall risk of a no‐call result was influenced by gestational age, dichorionic twin pregnancy, history of malignancy and pregnancies affected by trisomy 13/18, but not by maternal weight or use of low‐molecular‐weight heparin.ConclusionsHigh‐throughput NIPT can be effectively embedded into a public health NHS setting. TATs of 4 days and no‐calls of <0.5% were well within clinically desirable tolerances. Gestational age, maternal weight, assisted reproductive techniques, use of low‐molecular‐weight heparin and past history of malignancy did not have major impacts on test no‐call rates and should not constitute reasons for withholding the option of NIPT from women.Tweetable abstractTurn‐around times of 4 days, no‐call (test failure) rates of 0.37% and highly accurate NIPT can be successfully embedded in the NHS.
How often do we identify fetal abnormalities during routine third‐trimester ultrasound? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Drukker L , Bradburn E , Rodriguez GB , Roberts NW , Impey L , Papageorghiou AT 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundRoutine third‐trimester ultrasound is frequently offered to pregnant women to identify fetuses with abnormal growth. Infrequently, a congenital anomaly is incidentally detected.ObjectiveTo establish the prevalence and type of fetal anomalies detected during routine third‐trimester scans using a systematic review and meta‐analysis.Search strategyElectronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane library) from inception until August 2019.Selection criteriaPopulation‐based studies (randomised control trials, prospective and retrospective cohorts) reporting abnormalities detected at the routine third‐trimester ultrasound performed in unselected populations with prior screening. Case reports, case series, case‐control studies and reviews without original data were excluded.Data collection and analysisPrevalence and type of anomalies detected in the third trimester. We calculated pooled prevalence as the number of anomalies per 1000 scans with 95% confidence intervals. Publication bias was assessed.Main resultsThe literature search identified 9594 citations: 13 studies were eligible representing 141 717 women; 643 were diagnosed with an unexpected abnormality. The pooled prevalence of a new abnormality diagnosed was 3.68 per 1000 women scanned (95% CI 2.72–4.78). The largest groups of abnormalities were urogenital (55%), central nervous system abnormalities (18%) and cardiac abnormalities (14%).ConclusionCombining data from 13 studies and over 140 000 women, we show that during routine third‐trimester ultrasound, an incidental fetal anomaly will be found in about 1 in 300 scanned women. This information should be taken into account when taking consent from women for third‐trimester ultrasound and when designing and assessing cost of third‐trimester ultrasound screening programmes.Tweetable abstractOne in 300 women attending a third‐trimester scan will have a finding of a fetal abnormality.
Development of a Novel Finger‐Trigger Interface for Trigger Pull Measurement
Authors: Fairbanks Emily E. , Turner Jennifer , Ma Junkun , Yu Jorn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTrigger pull is the force that needs to be exerted on the trigger to discharge a firearm. The measurement of trigger pull can assist in the evaluation of the safety, function, and manufacturing characteristics associated with a firearm during the forensic firearm examination process. Nonetheless, the accuracy and uncertainty of trigger pull measurements may be affected by the measuring device, test procedure, and environmental conditions. In this work, an innovative finger‐trigger interface device was developed to facilitate accurate trigger pull measurements. The idea was to reduce the variation related to the position of the measurement device on the trigger in existing measuring methods and devices. Three force sensors based on different technologies were initially evaluated. While two of the three sensors failed to produce data, the miniature capacitive plate sensor exhibited high precision and a linear response over the range of typical trigger pulls. To examine the effects of the finger‐trigger interface on trigger pull measurement, different sensor housing prototypes were designed in silico and 3D printed for the construction of three finger‐trigger interface devices. The performance of each finger‐trigger interface device was evaluated by measuring the trigger pulls of several selected firearms and comparing the data to a previously published study. Our preliminary results demonstrated the novel finger‐trigger interface device offered a new way to measure trigger pull in situ with acceptable accuracy and precision.
Early lessons from COVID‐19 that may reduce future emergency department crowding
Authors: Mazurik Laurie , Javidan Arshia P , Higginson Ian , Judkins Simon , Petrie David , Graham Colin A , Bonning John , Hansen Kim , Lang Eddy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has produced significant changes in emergency medicine patient volumes, clinical practice, and has accelerated a number of systems‐level developments. Many of these changes produced efficiencies in emergency care systems and contributed to a reduction in crowding and access block. In this paper, we explore these changes, analyse their risks and benefits and examine their sustainability for the future to the extent that they may combat crowding. We also examine the necessity of a system‐wide approach in addressing ED crowding and access block.
Comparison of peritoneal function within the first 1 year of peritoneal dialysis between diabetic and non‐diabetic patients
Authors: Asari Kana , Maruyama Yukio , Kishida Kyoko , Nakao Masatsugu , Matsuo Nanae , Tanno Yudo , Ohkido Ichiro , Ikeda Masato , Yokoyama Keitaro , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the changes in peritoneal function and residual renal function in the first year between diabetic and non‐diabetic patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). We extracted 73 incident PD patients (male, 73%; age, 59 ± 15 years) from a previous cohort, and investigated the changes in PD‐related parameters, including the dialysate to plasma ratio of creatinine (D/P Cr) and Kt/V. D/P Cr increased in non‐diabetics, whereas it did not change significantly in diabetic patients. These differences were more pronounced among icodextrin users. On multivariate analysis, the presence of diabetes was independently associated with the changes in D/P Cr. On the contrary, there was no significant difference in the changes of renal Kt/V between the two groups. A higher peritoneal solute transport rate at the start of PD in diabetics was attenuated within 1 year. Icodextrin is thought to have an important role through improving body fluid status.
Phytochemical profiles, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities of red‐fleshed apple as affected by in vitro digestion
Authors: Li Cui Xia , Zhao Xian Hua , Zuo Wei Fang , Zhang Tian Liang , Zhang Zong Ying , Chen Xue Sen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize the phenolic profiles in the extracts and digesta (after in vitro digestion) of different red‐fleshed apple fruit parts and to assess the effects of digestion on the in vitro antioxidant capacity and antiproliferative activity. The main polyphenols were identified by UPLC‐MS/MS and HPLC. Our results indicate that the digesta had less total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, but more free phenolic acids, than the extracts. An analysis of the in vitro antioxidant capacity (including ABTS radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical‐scavenging capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP], and cellular antioxidant activity [CAA]) revealed that the digestion decreased the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP values, but increased the CAA values, relative to the corresponding values for extracts. These results suggest that the digestion improved the effectiveness of the phenolic substances. Moreover, our findings imply that the digestion promoted the antiproliferative activity of red‐fleshed apple peels and flesh relative to the extracts. Future in vivo investigations are warranted based on the results of the current study.Practical ApplicationThe effects of an in vitro digestion on the phenolic compounds as well as the antioxidative and antiproliferative activities of red‐fleshed apple were evaluated. The resulting data may clarify the bioavailability of the polyphenols in red‐fleshed apple and enable scientists and consumers to exploit natural polyphenols.
Unsupervised detection of ancestry tracks with the GHap r package
Authors: Utsunomiya Yuri Tani , Milanesi Marco , Barbato Mario , Utsunomiya Adam Taiti Harth , Sölkner Johann , Ajmone‐Marsan Paolo , Garcia José Fernando 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The identification of ancestry tracks is a powerful tool to assist the inference of evolutionary events in the genomes of animals and plants. However, algorithms for ancestry track detection typically require labelled reference population data. This dependency prevents the analysis of genomic data lacking prior information on genetic structure, and may produce classification bias when samples in the reference data are inadvertently admixed.

We combined heuristics with K‐means clustering to deploy a method that can detect ancestry tracks without the provision of lineage labels for reference population data. The resulting algorithm uses phased genotypes to infer individual ancestry proportions and local ancestry. By piling up ancestry tracks across individuals, our method also allows for mapping loci with excess or deficit ancestry from specific lineages.

Using both simulated and real genomic data, we found that the proposed method was accurate in inferring genetic structure, assigning chromosomal segments to lineages and estimating individual ancestry, especially in cases where ancestry tracks resulted from recent admixture of highly divergent lineages.

The method is implemented as part of the v2 release of the GHap r package (available at https://cran.r‐project.org/package=GHap and https://bitbucket.org/marcomilanesi/ghap/src/master/).
An acetylcholine‐dopamine interaction in the nucleus accumbens and its involvement in ethanol's dopamine‐releasing effect
Authors: Loftén Anna , Adermark Louise , Ericson Mia , Söderpalm Bo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlcohol use disorder is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Cholinergic interneurons (CIN) within the nucleus accumbens (nAc) have been suggested to exert a regulatory impact on dopamine (DA) neurotransmission locally, and defects in CIN have been implied in several psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CIN in regulation of basal extracellular levels of DA and in modulation of nAc DA release following ethanol administration locally within the nAc of male Wistar rats. Using reversed in vivo microdialysis, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine was administered locally in the nAc followed by addition of either the muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor antagonist scopolamine or the nicotinic ACh receptor antagonist mecamylamine. Further, ethanol was locally perfused in the nAc following pretreatment with scopolamine and/or mecamylamine. Lastly, ethanol was administered locally into the nAc of animals with accumbal CIN‐ablation induced by anticholine acetyl transferase‐saporin. Physostigmine increased accumbal DA levels via activation of muscarinic ACh receptors. Neither scopolamine and/or mecamylamine nor CIN‐ablation altered basal DA levels, suggesting that extracellular DA levels are not tonically controlled by ACh in the nAc. In contrast, ethanol‐induced DA elevation was prevented following coadministration of scopolamine and mecamylamine and blunted in CIN‐ablated animals, suggesting involvement of CIN‐ACh in ethanol‐mediated DA signaling. The data presented in this study suggest that basal extracellular levels of DA within the nAc are not sustained by ACh, whereas accumbal CIN‐ACh is involved in mediating ethanol‐induced DA release.
Effects of neighbourhood social cohesion and need for restoration on restorative experiences
Authors: Feng Ningning , Zhang Airong , Cui Lijuan , Zeng Huaming , Mankad Aditi 
Published: August 2020

Restorative experience refers to an experience of psychophysical restoration from stress and mental fatigue during people‒environment interactions. Previous research has documented the influence of neighbourhood physical environment on restorative experiences; however, it is still unclear whether neighbourhood social environment can affect restorative experiences. Applying a socioecological perspective, the current study aims to explore the effect of neighbourhood social cohesion on restorative experience and to examine whether people’s need for restoration would moderate this effect. After manipulating the need for restoration in terms of antecedent attentional state, participants (N = 244) with and without the need for restoration read one of three experimental scenarios describing a neighbourhood with high, neutral, or low social cohesion. Participants reported their restorative experience pre‐ and post‐exposure to neighbourhood social cohesion scenarios. Results showed that participants in the high social cohesion neighbourhood condition perceived more post‐exposure restorative experience than did those in the neutral or low cohesion conditions. Restorative experience increased from pre‐ to post‐exposure in the high social cohesion condition; the increase was greater for participants with the need for restoration. On the other hand, restorative experience decreased from pre‐ to post‐exposure in the low social cohesion condition for participants without the need for restoration. These findings suggested that a socially cohesive neighbourhood could enhance individuals’ restorative experiences and that the strength of this restorative benefit might depend on the need for restoration.
Mining scientific advice reports on cell‐based products: Insight into the nonclinical development program
Authors: van den Hoorn Tineke , Nakchedi Tahira , de Wolf A. Charlotte M.T. , Pasmooij Anna M.G. , van der Laan Jan Willem , Herberts Carla A. 
Published: August 2020

AimsThe field of cell‐based therapies for human diseases is currently evolving from promising treatment options to established therapeutic concepts. The design of the nonclinical development program for cell‐based products, intended to provide a rationale for treatment and to gain insight into the safety profile, is challenging because of limitations caused by species‐specificity. The elements of the nonclinical package for cell‐based products were evaluated using advice reports from the European Medicines Agency database from 2013 to 2018 to identify the approach followed for nonclinical development of these products.MethodsThe number and purpose of proposed and performed in vivo studies was recorded, as well as the type and design of in vitro and in vivo studies addressing biodistribution and tumorigenicity. Subsequently, the nonclinical development program was analysed for consistency across products.ResultsIn vivo studies for cell‐based therapies were primarily aimed at proof‐of‐concept (75/86), followed by addressing safety (64/86), biodistribution (49/86) and tumourigenicity (46/86). No animal studies were performed or proposed by sponsors or regulators for 6/86 products which contained cell types that have been studied in humans for a relatively long time. For one‐third of the products in vivo biodistribution and/or tumourigenicity studies were not considered necessary. in vivo tumourigenicity studies were regarded as having limited value.ConclusionsCompared to more conventional medicinal products, the nonclinical development program for cell‐based products was more tailored and focused on proof‐of‐concept. For tumourigenicity an in vitro approach may suffice. Total omission of in vivo studies appears to be possible for products with sufficient clinical experience.