bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Global Cooperation: The Case for a Deliberative Global Citizens' Assembly
Authors: Vlerick Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn an important article published in this journal, Dryzek et al. (2011) champion the convocation of a deliberative global citizens' assembly (DGCA). In this article, I aim to further strengthen the case for a DGCA by addressing: (1) why a DGCA is likely to take a long‐term perspective in the global interest; and (2) why it is so vital that a global institution should do so. I start by analyzing the nature of the issues requiring global policy. These issues, I will argue, are typically global cooperation problems. Cooperation problems pose two major challenges. The first is to prevent freeriding, that is, serving one's immediate interests at the expense of the global interest. The second is to align on an efficient global policy. In both respects, I will argue, a DGCA is a good candidate to yield desirable results (and is likely to do better than current supranational institutions).
Trade‐offs with telemetry‐derived contact networks for infectious disease studies in wildlife
Authors: Gilbertson Marie L. J. , White Lauren A. , Craft Meggan E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNetwork analysis of infectious disease in wildlife can reveal traits or individuals critical to pathogen transmission and help inform disease management strategies. However, estimates of contact between animals are notoriously difficult to acquire. Researchers commonly use telemetry technologies to identify animal associations, but such data may have different sampling intervals and often captures a small subset of the population. The objectives of this study were to outline best practices for telemetry sampling in network studies of infectious disease by determining (a) the consequences of telemetry sampling on our ability to estimate network structure, (b) whether contact networks can be approximated using purely spatial contact definitions and (c) how wildlife spatial configurations may influence telemetry sampling requirements.We simulated individual movement trajectories for wildlife populations using a home range‐like movement model, creating full location datasets and corresponding ‘complete’ networks. To mimic telemetry data, we created ‘sample’ networks by subsampling the population (10%–100% of individuals) with a range of sampling intervals (every minute to every 3 days). We varied the definition of contact for sample networks, using either spatiotemporal or spatial overlap, and varied the spatial configuration of populations (random, lattice or clustered). To compare complete and sample networks, we calculated seven network metrics important for disease transmission and assessed mean ranked correlation coefficients and percent error between complete and sample network metrics.Telemetry sampling severely reduced our ability to calculate global node‐level network metrics, but had less impact on local and network‐level metrics. Even so, in populations with infrequent associations, high intensity telemetry sampling may still be necessary. Defining contact in terms of spatial overlap generally resulted in overly connected networks, but in some instances, could compensate for otherwise coarse telemetry data.By synthesizing movement and disease ecology with computational approaches, we characterized trade‐offs important for using wildlife telemetry data beyond ecological studies of individual movement, and found that careful use of telemetry data has the potential to inform network models. Thus, with informed application of telemetry data, we can make significant advances in leveraging its use for a better understanding and management of wildlife infectious disease.
Assessing the buffer effect of floaters by reinforcing local colonization in spatially structured populations
Authors: Robles H. , Ciudad C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEcological theory and recent empirical studies show that the persistence of spatially structured populations – those composed of spatially separated local populations connected by dispersal – may require the maintenance of pools of floaters (nonbreeding but sexually mature individuals) that rescue small local populations from extinction by replacing the lost breeders. Regardless of the rescue of local breeding populations, the persistence of spatially structured populations may also depend on sufficient numbers of colonizations that counteract local extinctions. Given their intrinsic potential mobility, floaters have been proposed to promote the persistence of spatially structured populations by enhancing the (re)colonization of empty habitat patches in fragmented habitats. However, robust empirical assessments of this hypothesis are lacking. Using a long‐term woodpecker study in fragmented habitats as a model framework, we addressed the largely neglected hypothesis that floaters enhance the colonization of local patches and, consequently, facilitate the persistence of spatially structured populations. The size of the entire spatially structured system (number of local populations) increased across years due to a slightly higher number of colonizations than extinctions, suggesting that an increase in colonization may enhance the long‐term persistence of this spatially structured population. After controlling for the number of patches occupied in previous years, the number of colonizations was positively related to the number of patches with floaters in previous seasons. Moreover, after controlling for potential confounding factors, patches with floaters were considerably more likely to be colonized in subsequent seasons than patches without floaters (0.079 vs. 0.008). Colonizations were often conducted through inter‐patch dispersal by floaters that established their territory in empty patches after a variable wandering period, which frequently led to delayed breeding beyond the age of sexual maturity. Altogether, these results provide empirical support for the hypothesis of an enhanced colonization mediated by floaters as a buffer mechanism for the long‐term persistence of spatially structured populations.
Pilot study of the effectiveness of a Mindful Self‐Care and Resiliency program for rural doctors in Australia
Authors: Rees Clare S. , Craigie Mark A. , Slatyer Susan , Crawford Chris , Bishop Michael , McPhee Ewen , Hegney Desley G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveRural doctors are difficult to recruit and retain. Burnout and stress in the medical workforce fluctuates according to location. Overall, doctors have an elevated risk of depression and suicide compared to the general population and other professionals. Higher levels of occupational stress also effect patient care, levels of work satisfaction and relationships with others. This study evaluated the effectiveness, acceptability, feasibility and sustainability of the Mindful Self‐Care and Resiliency Program.DesignThis was a sequential mixed‐method study involving the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data.SettingThe study was conducted in Emerald, Queensland.ParticipantsThirteen doctors took part in the program with seven providing pre and post survey responses. Qualitative data were collected via semi‐structured telephone interviews with an additional four rural doctors.InterventionThe Mindful Self‐Care and Resiliency program consisted of a 4‐hour face‐to‐face session and three 1‐hour video‐conference follow up sessions.Main outcome measuresBurnout, negative affect, well‐being and psychological strain were assessed using self‐report measures before and after taking part in the program.ResultsThe majority (six out of seven) of the doctors showed reductions in burnout, psychological strain and negative affect following participation in the program. The qualitative data indicated that all doctors gained new skills: self‐awareness, reflection and self‐care. They also reported improved interaction with colleagues and patients, to whom they passed on their new learning.ConclusionThis preliminary investigation of the effectiveness and feasibility of Mindful Self‐Care and Resiliency for rural doctors indicates that the program has promise in improving the emotional well‐being of this occupational group. Although this study captured approximately one‐third of the Emerald workforce, further research with a larger sample is required to confirm these findings.
Incidence, predictors, and outcomes of new‐onset atrial fibrillation in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Khalfallah Mohamed , Elsheikh Ayman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia and one of the complications in the setting of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Our objective of the present study was to investigate the incidence, predictors, and outcomes of NOAF in patients with acute STEMI managed with pharmacoinvasive strategy (PIS) versus those managed with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).MethodsThe study included 530 patients with STEMI divided into two groups according to the method of treatment. Group I: 269 patients subjected to pharmacoinvasive strategy (PIS), group II: 261 patients managed with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Incidence, predictors, and outcomes of NOAF were assessed in each group separately.ResultsThe incidence of NOAF was 25 patients (9.3%) in group I and 24 patients (9.2%) in group II. Multivariate regression analysis identified the independent predictors of NOAF that were (advanced age ˃65 years, history of hypertension, left atrial volume index (LAVI) ˃34 ml/m2, E/e’ ratio ˃ 12, right coronary artery (RCA) as a culprit vessel and presence of heart failure). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the occurrence of MACE.ConclusionNew‐onset AF represents one of the common complications in the setting of STEMI. Advanced age, hypertension, LAVI ˃34 ml/m2, E/e’ ratio ˃12, RCA culprit vessel, and heart failure were the independent predictors of NOAF.
Patient‐related risk factors for unplanned 30‐day readmission following total knee arthroplasty: a narrative literature review
Authors: Gould Daniel , Dowsey Michelle , Jo Imkyeong , Choong Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a debilitating condition as well as a growing global health problem, and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective treatment for advanced disease. Unplanned 30‐day hospital readmission is an indicator of complications, which is a significant financial burden on healthcare systems. We reviewed the literature to better understand the patient‐related factors associated with unplanned 30‐day readmission following TKA. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies reporting on patient‐related risk factors for unplanned 30‐day readmission following primary or revision TKA for any indication. The impact of specific medical comorbidities on increasing the risk of 30‐day readmission following TKA is quite well established. The following comorbidities are strongly associated with readmission: bleeding disorder, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and dialysis, chronic immunosuppressant use and history of cancer. Other significant comorbidities include: dementia; depression; haematological (coagulopathy and anaemia), cardiovascular (atrial fibrillation, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure), respiratory (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and liver diseases; and cerebrovascular accident/transient ischaemic attack (but only in revision TKA patients). The influence of variation in sex, age and body mass index each demonstrate a more complex pattern. A systematic review and meta‐analysis is required to quantify the impact of the various patient‐related factors on 30‐day readmission following TKA. Clinicians can use this information in preoperative decision‐making.
Anterior chamber granuloma: conservative treatment versus surgical intervention
Authors: Sadek Sherin Hassan , Ahmed Mahmoud Naguib , Kamal Mahmoud Ahmed , Youssef Maha Mohamed 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeA distinct pattern of granulomatous anterior uveitis, with white anterior chamber (AC) granuloma, has been reported in certain endemic areas. The aim of this work was to compare the outcome of conservative treatment to surgical intervention for the treatment of large AC granulomas presenting with moderate–severe anterior uveitis. The secondary outcome is ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) characterization of AC granulomas.MethodsThis is a prospective randomized interventional study including 41 eyes of 39 patients with active AC granuloma ≥3 mm (flare & cells ≥ +2). Patients were randomly assigned to either conservative treatment in the form of topical prednisolone and cycloplegic drops with orbital floor (transseptal) injection of Triamcinolone acetonide (20 eyes) or surgery in the form of granuloma excision and AC wash (21 eyes). As a perioperative care, topical steroids and cycloplegic drops were given few days before surgery and tapered gradually over 6 weeks. Patients were followed up at first day, 2 weeks, 1 and 3 months.ResultsThirty‐seven patients were males, and 2 were females (13.0 ± 3.5 years). After 2 weeks, disappearance/healing of granuloma was achieved in 20 eyes in the surgical group versus 2 eyes in the conservative group (p < 0.0001). This effect was maintained throughout the follow‐up period, for the surgical group and reached up to 70%, for the medical group. At every follow‐up, BCVA was better in the surgical group, but this was only statistically significant at 1 and 3 months. The granuloma appeared as a homogenous hyperreflective lesion in examined eyes (16 eyes of 15 patients).ConclusionSurgical treatment of large granulomas leads to a more complete and rapid resolution of inflammation.
Management of a feline gastric stromal cell tumour with toceranib phosphate: a case study
Authors: McGregor O , Moore AS , Yeomans S 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundA fifteen‐year old, female spayed domestic longhaired cat was presented for a routine vaccination during which an incidental abdominal mass was palpated. After further inquiry, occasional vomiting was reported to occur once every few weeks to months, associated with no other gastrointestinal signs.Case reportUltrasonography revealed a gastric mass. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed a CD117 positive, smooth muscle actin and desmin negative neoplasm, consistent with a gastrointestinal stromal cell tumour (GIST). Treatment was initiated with toceranib phosphate resulting in stable disease for over eighteen months, and the patient was still alive at the time of writing.ConclusionGISTs are rare in cats and this is the first report of medical management of feline GIST using toceranib.
Split renal function in patients with renal masses: utility of parenchymal volume analysis vs nuclear renal scans
Authors: Ye Yunlin , Tanaka Hajime , Wang Yanbo , Campbell Rebecca A. , Aguilar Palacios Diego , DeWitt‐Foy Molly E. , Mahmood Furman A. , Eltemamy Mohamed , Remer Erick M. , Li Jianbo , Campbell Steven C. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the utility of parenchymal volume analysis (PVA) for estimation of split renal function (SRF) in patients with renal masses. SRF is important for deciding about partial vs radical nephrectomy (PN/RN) and assessing risk for developing severe chronic kidney disease after surgery. For renal donors PVA is routinely used to estimate SRF, but the utility of PVA for the more complex renal mass population remains undefined.Patients and MethodsAll patients (n = 374) with renal tumours and a normal contralateral kidney managed with PN (2010–2018), with preoperative/postoperative nuclear renal scans (NRS) and cross‐sectional imaging were analysed. Parenchymal volumes were measured by free‐hand scripting or software analysis. Concordance between ipsilateral estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values based on SRF from NRS vs PVA were evaluated by Pearson correlation and Bland–Altman plots. Parallel analysis of all 155 patients managed with RN at our centre (2006–2016) with preoperative NRS and imaging was also performed.ResultsFor PN, the median age and tumour size were 62 years and 3.4 cm, respectively. The median preoperative ipsilateral parenchymal volume and eGFR were 181 cm3 and 36.9 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Parenchymal volumes estimated by free‐hand scripting vs software analyses correlated strongly (r = 0.98, P < 0.001). Preoperative ipsilateral eGFR based on SRF from PVA vs NRS also correlated strongly (r = 0.94, P < 0.001). Ipsilateral eGFR saved after PN correlated strongly with parenchymal volume preserved (all r >0.60); however, the correlation was much stronger when ipsilateral eGFRs were based on SRF from PVA rather than NRS (z‐statistic = 3.15, P = 0.002). For RN patients, preoperative eGFR in the contralateral kidney based on SRF from PVA vs NRS also correlated strongly (r = 0.87, P < 0.001).ConclusionPVA has utility for estimation of SRF in patients with renal masses, even though this population is older and more comorbid than renal donors and the tumour can complicate the analysis. PVA can be obtained by software analysis from preoperative cross‐sectional imaging and thus readily incorporated into routine clinical practice.
Prediction of overall survival in resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: ISICC‐applied prediction model
Authors: Tian Mengxin , Liu Weiren , Tao Chenyang , Tang Zheng , Zhou Yufu , Song Shushu , Jin Lei , Wang Han , Jiang Xifei , Zhou Peiyun , Fang Yuan , Qu Weifeng , Ding Zhenbin , Peng Yuanfei , Fu Xiutao , Qiu Shuangjian , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Shi Yinghong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains a highly heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis. Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes were predictive in various cancers, but their prognostic value in ICC is less clear. A total of 168 ICC patients who had received liver resection were enrolled and assigned to the derivation cohort. Sixteen immune markers in tumor and peritumor regions were examined by immunohistochemistry. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model was used to identify prognostic markers and to establish an immune signature for ICC (ISICC). An ISICC‐applied prediction model was built and validated in another independent dataset. Five immune features, including CD3peritumor (P), CD57P, CD45RAP, CD66bintratumoral (T) and PD‐L1P, were identified and integrated into an individualized ISICC for each patient. Seven prognostic predictors, including total bilirubin, tumor numbers, CEA, CA19‐9, GGT, HBsAg and ISICC, were integrated into the final model. The C‐index of the ISICC‐applied prediction model was 0.719 (95% CI, 0.660‐0.777) in the derivation cohort and 0.667 (95% CI, 0.581‐0.732) in the validation cohort. Compared with the conventional staging systems, the new model presented better homogeneity and a lower Akaike information criteria value in ICC. The ISICC‐applied prediction model may provide a better prediction performance for the overall survival of patients with resectable ICC in clinical practice.
Phase 1b/2 study of blinatumomab in Japanese adults with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kiyoi Hitoshi , Morris Joan D. , Oh Iekuni , Maeda Yoshinobu , Minami Hironobu , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Sakura Toru , Iida Hiroatsu , Tuglus Catherine A. , Chen Yuqi , Dos Santos Cedric , Kalabus James , Anderson Abraham , Hata Tomoko , Nakashima Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Yukio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAdult patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B‐precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a poor prognosis. Blinatumomab is a bispecific T‐cell engager (BiTE) immuno‐oncology therapy with dual specificity for CD19 and CD3 that redirects patients’ CD3‐positive cytotoxic T cells to lyse malignant and normal B cells. We conducted an open‐label, phase 1b/2 study to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and recommended dose of blinatumomab in Japanese adults with R/R B‐precursor ALL. Patients received 9 μg/day blinatumomab during week 1 and 28 μg/day during weeks 2‐4, with a 2‐week treatment‐free interval (6‐week cycle); patients received 28 μg/day blinatumomab in subsequent cycles. Primary endpoints were the incidence of dose‐limiting toxicities (DLT) in phase 1b and complete remission (CR)/CR with partial hematologic recovery (CRh) within the first two cycles in phase 2. A total of 26 patients enrolled and 25 (96%) reported grade ≥3 adverse events (mostly cytopenias). There were no DLT. CR/CRh within two cycles was achieved by 4 of 5 patients (80%) in phase 1b and 8 of 21 patients (38%) in phase 2. Among patients with evaluable minimal residual disease, 4 (100%) in phase 1b and 3 (38%) in phase 2 had a complete MRD response. Median RFS for 8 patients who achieved CR/CRh in phase 2 was 5 (95% CI: 3.5‐6.4) months; median OS was not estimable. There were no significant associations between maximum cytokine levels or percentage of specific cell types during cycle 1 and response. Consistent with global studies, blinatumomab appeared to be safe and efficacious in Japanese adults with R/R ALL.
First steps toward an understanding of procedural fairness
Authors: Surian Luca , Margoni Francesco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn four experiments, we tested whether 20‐month‐old infants are sensitive to violations of procedural impartiality. Participants were shown videos in which help was provided in two different ways. A main character provided help to two other agents either impartially, by helping them at the same time, or in a biased way, by helping one agent almost immediately while the other after a longer delay. Infants looked reliably longer at the biased than at the unbiased help scenarios despite the fact that in both scenarios help was provided to each beneficiary. This suggests that human infants can attend to departures from impartiality and, in their second year, they already show an initial understanding of procedural fairness.
The effects of host plant species on adult oviposition and larval performance of the aphid predator Aphidoletes aphidimyza
Authors: Mohl Emily K. , Stenoien Carl M. , Heimpel George E. 
Published: January 2020

1. Although preference–performance relationships in insects are typically studied in a bi‐trophic context, it is well known that host plants can affect both the preference and performance of natural enemies of herbivorous insects.2. This study presents evidence from field and laboratory studies that two species of milkweeds, the putatively less defended Asclepias incarnata and the putatively more defended Asclepias syriaca, differentially affect adult oviposition and larval performance in Aphidoletes aphidimyza, an aphid‐feeding predatory midge, independent of aphid density.3. Host plant species affected predatory fly larvae abundance by a factor of 50 in the field and a factor of 8 in the laboratory. Larval and adult emergence rates in our laboratory studies provided strong evidence for reduced performance on A. syriaca. Oviposition in choice and no‐choice settings provided some evidence for preference for A. incarnata, and a potentially suppressive effect of A. syriaca.4. The results provide limited support for the hypothesis that natural selection can lead to positive correlations between adult oviposition preferences and larval performance upon various food sources, even when predatory insects oviposit onto host plants of their herbivorous prey.5. Preference and performance are not perfectly aligned in this system, however, because ovipositing females do not reject A. syriaca entirely. Potential explanations for mismatches between preference and performance in this system include the neural constraints associated with being a generalist, adaptive time‐limited foraging strategies, and unique evolutionary histories of laboratory colonies compared with wild insects.