bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of annealing temperature on degradation efficiency and iron oxide transformations in CeO2/Fe-oxide sorbents
Authors: Zivotsky Ondrej , Lunacek Jiri , Jiraskova Yvonna , Bursik Jiri , Ederer Jakub , Janos Pavel , Cabanova Kristina 
Published: January 2021

The microstructural and physical properties of magnetically separable CeO2 (5 wt.%)/Fe-oxide sorbents, applicable for the decomposition of organophosphorus pesticides, are analyzed in dependence on calcination temperature. The sorbents are prepared using a two-step procedure: (1) synthesis of magnetite core from cheap and commercially available raw materials; and (2) the formation of cerium (III) carbonate by precipitation with the ammonium hydrogen carbonate, containing re-dispersed magnetite. The cerous carbonate/magnetite precursor is annealed in a muffle furnace at temperatures ranging from 473 to 1073 K for 2 h to obtain the CeO2/Fe-oxide reactive sorbents. Structural characterization of the samples is performed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Magnetic properties are obtained from hysteresis loops, field-cooled and zero-field-cooled curves, first-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams, and Henkel plots. Sorbents exhibit an increase in coercivity from 0.2 kA/m to about 20 kA/m and a decrease in saturation magnetization from roughly 50 Am2/kg to 1 Am2/kg after annealing at 973 K. This deterioration of magnetic properties is caused by the transformation of magnetite and maghemite into weakly ferromagnetic hematite, with a typical peak in FORC diagram and a Morin transition at about 200 K. The degradation efficiency towards parathion and paraoxon methyl is about 30% for samples annealed from 473 K to 773 K.
Electric dipole moment in storage ring experiments
Authors: Porshnev Peter I 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The measurement of electric dipole moment (EDM) in storage rings can potentially exceed the sensitivity of tests with neutral systems. The spin dynamics under such conditions is described by the Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation. It can be derived in the semiclassical approximation under several assumptions one of which is the zero pseudoscalar bilinear. However, many promising extensions to the standard model consider scalar-pseudoscalar couplings which assume nonzero electron pseudoscalar. We re-derive the spin precession equation under conditions that do not assume that pseudoscalar is zero. It leads to a correction term that might be required for matching the storage ring measurements with quantum field evaluations. Since the goal of storage ring experiments is to achieve unprecedently high accuracy in measuring EDM, it is important to accurately describe the spin dynamics under conditions of CP-violating extensions.
Parametric resonance orbit analysis for irregular shaped asteroids based on the perturbed particle-linkage model
Authors: Qian Ying-Jing , Si Zhen , Yang Xiao-Dong , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
There are plentiful asteroids moving periodically around their central primaries, such as the Sun. Due to the perturbation of the central primary, the gravitational force of the perturbed asteroid system varies periodically. In this paper, based on the idea of integrating the solar gravitational force as a part of the system instead of treating it as perturbation, the parametric resonance response is investigated. A novel type of stable parametric resonance orbits has been detected. It is found that the steady-state motion amplitude of parametric resonance orbit is determined by the frequency-response equation. The stability of the novel orbits has also been demonstrated. The new type of orbits may contribute to possible asteroid exploration missions.
Scaling domains in the nonequilibrium athermal random field Ising model of finite systems
Authors: Janićević Sanja , Knežević Dragica , Mijatović Svetislav , Spasojević Djordje 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We analyze the nonequilibrium athermal random field Ising model (RFIM) at equilateral cubic lattices of finite size L and show that the entire range of disorder consists of three distinct domains in which the model manifests different scaling behaviour. The first domain contains the values of disorder R that are below the critical disorder R
c where the spanning avalanches almost surely appear when the system is driven by the external magnetic field. The spanning avalanches become unlikely for disorders above the size-dependent effective disorder

R

c

eff

(

L

)

>

R

c

, and the system response is size-independent. Between the foregoing two lies the domain of transitional disorders

R

c

<
R
<

R

c

eff

(

L

)

vanishing in the thermodynamic limit. In this domain, not recognized in the literature so far, all types of spanning avalanches exist, whereas for R < R
c only the avalanches spanning all three dimensions are present. Like for R < R
c the data collapsing is possible only for distributions having the same value of (1 − R
c/R)L
1/ν
, however with different universal scaling functions than in R < R
c case; ν is the correlation length exponent. The foregoing findings follow from the extensive simulations of L ⩽ 2048 systems enabling us to propose modified values of some of the RFIM critical exponents and nonuniversal critical parameters as well as the analytic forms of universal scaling functions and different definitions of reduced magnetization and reduced magnetic field.
The effect of κ-distributed trapped electrons on fully nonlinear electrostatic solitary waves in an electron–positron-relativistic ion plasma
Authors: Elkamash I S , El-Hanbaly A M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Based on the hydrodynamic model, the existence and propagation features of fully nonlinear electrostatic solitary waves in an unmagnetized, collisionless, homogenous three-component plasma have been investigated. The plasma containing cold relativistic ions, Boltzmann positrons, and trapped electrons modelled by κ-trapped distribution function. Employing the pseudo-potential method, the Sagdeev pseudo-potential and the first integral energy equation for the system as a function of the electrostatic potential (disturbance) have been derived. The influence of the relevant plasma configurations including the propagation pulse velocity, the superthermality index, the characteristic trapping parameter, the relativistic strength parameter, the positron density ratio, and the positron temperature ratio, on the properties of electrostatic solitary pulse profile has been determined. The results of our study may be helpful in better interpretation of the existence of localized structures in astrophysical and space plasmas as well as in laboratory plasmas, where the positron-ion plasmas with nonthermal trapped electrons can exist.
Why Black Homeowners are More Likely to be Caribbean American than African American in New York: A Theory of How Early West Indian Migrants Broke Racial Cartels in Housing
Authors: Marie Lawrence Brown Eleanor 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Why are the Black brownstone owners and landlords in Harlem and Brooklyn disproportionately West Indian? For students of housing discrimination, Black West Indian Americans have long presented a quandary. West Indian Americans generally own and rent higher quality housing than African Americans. These advantages began long ago. For example, when racial covenants, that is, restrictions barring certain racial and ethnic groups from owning real property were rife in New York, many West Indians were still able to buy into tony neighborhoods despite the pervasiveness of institutionalized residential segregation. Eschewing more traditional explanations in the civil rights literature, I apply the literature in which racial segregation in real property ownership is conceived as a racialized monopoly in which racial cartels appropriate anti-competitive techniques to monopolize access to real property. Maintaining a racial cartel is dependent on White owners uniformly refusing to sell. Importantly, West Indian realtors were experts at finding defectors, namely Whites willing to break norms of racial exclusivity and sell, in exchange for their ability to extract a premium. West Indian brokers could act in confidence because they had cash-rich clients and were often buying property in trust (de facto if not de jure) for fellow West Indians. In so doing, West Indian brokers in New York were simply replicating techniques that had been utilized by their land-brokering ancestors. I discuss the history that “previews” this period in New York, albeit in a different context: in the British West Indian islands from which the migrants originated. There are repeated instances of Blacks “busting” White monopolies in landownership, throughout the West Indian colonies in contravention of racial norms in the British colonies of who was allowed to own land and where. Upon arrival in New York, West Indians encountered another racial monopoly in real property ownership, namely Northern racial segregation. They essentially transferred the same techniques that they had utilized in the West Indies to break into White neighborhoods in New York.
Acute pulmonary embolism and systemic thrombolysis in the era of COVID-19 global pandemic 2020: a case series of seven patients admitted to a regional hospital in the French epidemic cluster
Authors: Philippe John , Cordeanu Elena-Mihaela , Leimbach Marie-Béatrice , Greciano Stéphane , Younes Wael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe novel Coronavirus [named severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2)] was associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which required mechanical ventilation in a high percentage of critically ill patients. Recent studies have highlighted a state of hypercoagulability in patients with SARS-CoV-2, leading to an increased risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The low proportion of PE-associated to DVT in COVID-19 patients may suggest that they have pulmonary thrombosis rather than embolism. There is no guideline recommendation on the treatment of massive PE in COVID-19 patients suffering from ARDS, without cardiogenic shock.Case summaryWe described a series of seven SARS-COV-2 patients diagnosed with PE, in our institution, who underwent the use of systemic thrombolysis (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) according to the standard protocol of 10 mg over 15 min, then 90 mg over 120 min.DiscussionAccording to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) severity scale, three patients had high-risk PE and four had intermediate high-risk PE. Systemic thrombolysis was found to be associated with a reduction of the Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale in five patients, recording a reduction from 3 to 1 in 2/5 patients, and from 3 to 2 in 3/5 patients. Furthermore, 3/5 patients had an initial improvement of their alveolar partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio ranging from a 19% (Patient 3) to a 156% improvement (Patient 6). It was also associated with a decrease of the right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and the RV/left ventricular ratio 24 h later. No major bleeding events occurred after the thrombolysis, but the overall mortality after performing systemic thrombolysis was up to 3/7 patients.ConclusionDespite the low level of knowledge about the underlying pathophysiology of the COVID-19 ARDS, venous thromboembolic events, and the microvascular thrombosis, our findings suggest that in the treatment of PE with RV failure in patients with COVID-19 suffering from ARDS, without cardiogenic shock, systemic thrombolysis should be considered.
The Cradle of International Law: Camilo Barcia Trelles on Francisco de Vitoria at The Hague (1927)
Authors: Lesaffer Randall 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In 1926, James Brown Scott invited the Spanish international lawyer Camilo Barcia Trelles to lecture at the 1927 Hague Academy of International Law on the contribution of the Spanish internationalists of the 16th century to the development of international law. With his lecture series on Francisco de Vitoria, Barcia Trelles fulfilled the hopes Scott had of enlisting an ally in his crusade to the Spanish origins of international law. Through their respective writings, the two international lawyers from both sides of the Atlantic co-produced the myth which situates the oldest roots of the ‘science of international law’ with Vitoria and the School of Salamanca and which has to this day largely obscured the contribution of late-medieval jurisprudence. This article analyses the methodological and intellectual moves Barcia Trelles made to construe Vitoria as the original founder of international law and detach him from his medieval sources.
In vitro synergistic effects of fluoxetine and paroxetine in combination with amphotericin B against Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Pereira Thaís Cristine , de Menezes Raquel Teles , de Oliveira Haroldo Cesar , de Oliveira Luciane Dias , Scorzoni Liliana 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast that mainly affects immunocompromised individuals and causes meningoencephalitis depending on the immune status of the host. The present study aimed to validate the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, fluoxetine hydrochloride (FLH) and paroxetine hydrochloride (PAH), alone and in combination with amphotericin B (AmB) against C. neoformans. Susceptibility tests were conducted using the broth microdilution method and synergistic effects of combining FLH and PAH with AmB were analyzed using the checkerboard assay. Effects of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and synergistic concentration were evaluated in biofilms by quantifying the biomass, measuring the viability by counting the colony-forming units (CFU/mL) and examining the size of the induced capsules. Cryptococcus neoformans was susceptible to FLH and PAH and the synergistic effect of FLH and PAH in combination with AmB reduced the MIC of AmB by up to 8-fold. The isolated substances and combination with AmB were able to reduce biofilm biomass and biofilm viability. In addition, FLH and PAH alone or in combination with AmB significantly decreased the size of the yeast capsules. Collectively, our results indicate the use of FLH and PAH as a promising prototype for the development of anti-cryptococcal drugs.
LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM WITH THE ISLAND MODEL
Authors: Ohta Tomoko 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Linkage disequilibrium between two linked loci was studied for a finite population with a subdivided population structure. Wright's island model was used; extinction and replacement of colonies were also incorporated. Two alleles (A 1 and A 2 at the first locus, and B 1 and B 2 at the second locus) with symmetric mutation rates were assumed, and equilibrium properties of linkage disequilibrium coefficients were analyzed. In terms of analogy with the subdivision of inbreeding coefficient, the variance of linkage disequilibrium is divided into several components: D 2 IS (variance of within-colony disequilibrium), D 2 ST (variance of correlation of A 1 and B 1 of different gametes of one colony relative to that of the total population), and D 2 IT (total variance of disequilibrium). Other subdivisions are D′2 IS (variance of correlation of A 1 and B 1 of one gamete of a colony relative to that of the average gamete of the population) and D′2 ST (variance of the ordinary disequilibrium of the whole population). When migration is limited, the variance becomes large if the correlation of A 1 and B 1 of one colony is taken relative to that of the whole population (D 2 ST and D′2 IS). Also, when the rate of extinction-replacement of colonies is high, the whole-population disequilibrium coefficient (D′2 ST) can become fairly large. Observed linkage disequilibria, such as those among markers in the major histocompatibility complex of man and mouse, may well be explained by limited migration, without assuming epistatic natural selection.
NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE OF "HEAT-SENSITIVITY" IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: Stephanou G , Alahiotis S N 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Non-Mendelian inheritance was revealed for the "heat-sensitivity" character of the poikilothermic insect Drosophila melanogaster. Genetic analyses were performed on heat-sensitive (S, S 1) strains, derived through indirect selection, and on stocks constructed through extensive chromosomal and cytoplasmic substitutions between strains obtained from two replicate cage populations. The populations were kept for about 7 years under different temperatures (14°-25°) and exhibited different survival. We conclude that the character studied is quantitative, responds to selection pressure and is transmitted through the maternal cytoplasm, while nuclear genes modify its expression.
TWO SEX-LINKED LOCI IN THE LEOPARD FROG, RANA PIPIENS
Authors: Wright David A , Richards Christina M 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Crosses involving one heterozygous parent were performed to test the inheritance of enzymes in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens. After metamorphosis, offspring were sexed and tissue extracts from them were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Enzyme genotype and sex showed independent assortment for 10 of 12 enzymes heterozygous in the male parent. However, among the offspring of males heterozygous for peptidase C (Pep-C) or superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), male progeny tend to inherit one allele, whereas female progeny tend to inherit the other. Data from several different crosses yield recombination frequencies of 8.6% between sex and SOD-1, 6.9% between SOD-1 and Pep-C and 12.1% between sex and Pep-C. When the female parent is heterozygous for these enzymes no significant difference is seen, in the offspring, between male and female homozygotes and heterozygotes. These results confirm that males are the heterogametic sex in R. pipiens and suggest that sex is determined by a small number of genes on otherwise identical X and Y chromosomes.
CHROMOSOMAL SEQUENCES AND INTERISLAND COLONIZATIONS IN HAWAIIAN DROSOPHILA
Authors: Carson Hampton L 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Of 103 picture-winged Drosophila species endemic to the high Hawaiian islands, all but three are endemic to single islands or island complexes. They are presumed to have evolved in situ on each island. The banding pattern sequences of the five major polytene chromosomes of these species have been mapped to a single set of Standard sequences. Sequential variation among these chromosomes is due to 213 paracentric inversions. An atlas of their break points is provided. Geographical, morphological and behavioral data may be used to supplement the cytological information in tracing ancestry. Starting at the newer end of the archipelago, the 26 species of the Island of Hawaii (less than 700,000 years old) are inferred to have been derived from 19 founders, 15 from the Maui complex, three from Oahu and one from Kauai. The existence of 40 Maui complex species is explicable as resulting from 12 founders, ten from Oahu and two from Kauai. The 29 Oahu species can be explained by 12 founder events, five from Kauai and seven from Maui complex (summary in Figure 5). Although the ancestry of two Kauai species can be traced to newer islands, the ten remaining ones on this island (age about 5.6 million years) are apparently ancient elements in the fauna, relating ultimately to Palearctic continental sources.
ALTERNATE-1 AND ALTERNATE-2 ORIENTATIONS IN INTERCHANGE (RECIPROCAL TRANSLOCATION) QUADRIVALENTS
Authors: Rickards Geoffrey K 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The dynamic properties of the spindle, and published numerical data, argue that the differentiation of alternate-1 and alternate-2 orientations of an interchange quadrivalent is real and meaningful, contra Boussy (1982).
MUTAGENESIS IN OOCYTES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. I. SCHEDULED SYNTHESIS OF NUCLEAR AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA AND UNSCHEDULED DNA SYNTHESIS
Authors: Kelley Mark R , Lee William R 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
As a model system for studying mutagenesis, the oocyte of Drosophila melanogaster has exhibited considerable complexity. Very few experiments have been conducted on the effect of exposing oocytes to chemical mutagens, presumably due to their lower mutational response relative to sperm and spermatids. This lower response may be due either to a change in probability of mutation induction per adduct due to a change in the type of DNA repair or to a lower dose of the mutagen to the female germ line. To study molecular dosimetry and DNA repair in the oocyte, the large number of intracellular constituents (mtDNA, RNA, nucleic acid precursors and large quantities of proteins and lipids) must be separated from nuclear DNA. In this paper we present results showing reliable separation of such molecules enabling us to detect scheduled nuclear and mitochondrial DNA synthesis. We also, by understanding the precise timing of such events, can detect unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) as a measure of DNA repair. Furthermore, by comparing the UDS results in a repair competent (Ore-R) vs. a repair deficient (mei-9L1) strain, we have shown the oocyte capable of DNA repair after treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). We conclude that the important determinant of mutation induction in oocytes after treatment with EMS is the time interval between DNA alkylation and DNA synthesis after fertilization, i.e., the interruption of continuous DNA repair.
TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS IN MENDELIAN POPULATIONS. II. DISTRIBUTION OF THREE COPIA-LIKE ELEMENTS IN A NATURAL POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: Montgomery Elizabeth A , Langley Charles H 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Twenty X chromosomes isolated from a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster were surveyed using in situ hybridization to determine the number and cytogenetic location of three families of transposable elements: copia, 412 and 297. We found no sites of insertions in high frequency; in fact, frequencies of specific sites for all three elements were so low that each insertion could be interpreted as being unique. This suggests that rates of transposition and deletion for these elements are very high. Our data also show a higher than expected rate of the co-occurrence of different elements at the same site on the same chromosome.
HISTONE GENE MULTIPLICITY AND POSITION EFFECT VARIEGATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: Moore Gerald D , Sinclair Donald A , Grigliatti Thomas A 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The histone genes of wild-type Drosophila melanogaster are reiterated 100–150 times per haploid genome and are located in the segment of chromosome 2 that corresponds to polytene bands 39D2-3 to E1-2. The influence of altered histone gene multiplicity on chromatin structure has been assayed by measuring modification of the gene inactivation associated with position effect variegation in genotypes bearing deletions of the 39D-E segment. The proportion of cells in which a variegating gene is active is increased in genotypes that are heterozygous for a deficiency that removes the histone gene complex. Deletions that remove segments adjacent to the histone gene complex have no effect on the expression of variegating genes. Suppression of position effect variegation associated with reduction of histone gene multiplicity applies to both X-linked and autosomal variegating genes. Position effects exerted by both autosomal and sex-chromosome heterochromatin were suppressible by deletions of the histone gene complex. The suppression was independent of the presence of the Y chromosome. A deficiency that deletes only the distal portion of the histone gene complex also has the ability to suppress position effect variegation. Duplication of the histone gene complex did not enhance position effect variegation. Deletion or duplication of the histone gene complex in the maternal genome had no effect on the extent of variegation in progeny whose histone gene multiplicity was normal. These results are discussed with respect to current knowledge of the organization of the histone gene complex and control of its expression.