bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EnCLASS: an innovative project merging 2 international surveys (HBSC/ESPAD) among French students
Authors: Godeau E , Ehlinger V , Spilka S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Problem
For two decades, France has taken part in two “competing” school-based, cross-national surveys exploring the health behaviors and well-being of adolescent (Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, 11-13-15 year-olds) and their substance use (European School Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD), 15-16 year-olds).

Description of problem
Since 2010, French data is provided at national level by grade rather than age. This allowed providing a continuous observation of health behaviors among adolescents, looking at the temporal spread of substance use and providing a better understanding of the role of school as a setting for adolescents’ health. But the difficulty of participating every 4 years in two big surveys remained.

Effects of changes
In 2018, France decided to conduct the 2 surveys in a unified and simultaneous way across middle- and high-school. This project is called ’National Survey in Middle- and High-school for Adolescents on Health and Substances’, EnCLASS, explicit acronym easy to pronounce and remember in French. If the main objective of “merging” these surveys is to improve the monitoring of health behaviours and substance use throughout adolescence, it also allows a significant gain regarding preparation, coordination and organization of the fieldwork, hence of overall costs, while ensuring perfect comparability of data at international level.
Evolution of data visualization on substance use will be used to illustrate the challenges and improvements of such a process, based on data collected in 2018 among more than 20,000 representative secondary-school students.

Lessons
In addition to a greater facility of interpreting and reading findings, presenting data throughout secondary school grades improves its impact and use in a public health perspective and allowing identifying operational targets for prevention and health promotion in schools, as classes are their main settings.

Key messages
EnCLASS is unique in Europe, it ensures an excellent comparability of data at international level while providing an innovative national monitoring of adolescent health behavior, including drug use. Further, by its improved quality, perspective and relevance, EnCLASS can contribute to Public health policies analysis regarding school-students in France in a less expensive and better way.
Trust in health care systems Arab minority, Jewish immigrant and non-immigrant
Authors: Pinchas-Mizrachi R , Daoud N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The objective of this study was to examine the level of trust towards Israel’s health care services (HCS) among Palestinian-Arab minority, Jewish immigrant, and non-immigrant Jewish citizens. Previous studies have shown that minorities and immigrants have less trust in health care system (HCSys), which might represent a barrier in access to, and utilization of HCS.

Methods
We obtained cross-sectional nationwide census data from the 2017 Social Survey of the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. We studied levels of trust in the HCSys based on a survey question: ’Do you have trust in the healthcare system?” We conducted logistic regression analysis within and between the study groups to compare levels of trust, after adjustment for different relevant covariates in different models.

Results
Compared to non-immigrant Jews, Arabs had higher trust in the HCS (odds ratio (OR)=3.08, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=3.06,3.10) and compared to non-immigrant Jews, immigrant Jews had more trust (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.94,1.98), even after adjusting for gender, age, education level, religiosity level, perceived discrimination, self-rated health status, HCS use, and having private health insurance. The variables that predicted trust in the HCSys were different in each ethnic group.

Conclusions
Contrary to our hypothesis and to previous research, Arab and immigrant Jewish respondents in our study had greater trust in the HCS compared to non-immigrant Jews. This might relate to different expectations among our study groupsof the patient-caregiver relations which might affect the access to and utilization of HCS and finally might affect the quality of care.

Key messages
Exceptionally, in Israel, the Arab minority and Jewish immigrants have more trust in the health care system compared with non-immigrant Jews. More research is needed to understand how trust among minority groups relates to the patterns of utilization of HCS and raises question regarding the quality of care.
Predictors of Late Presentation for HIV among HIV-positive Tajik Migrants to the Russian Federation
Authors: Bromberg D J , Tate M M , Alaei K , Karimov S , Saidi D , Alaei A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Between 800 thousand and 1.2 million citizens of Tajikistan currently live in the Russian Federation, one of the only countries where the HIV epidemic continues to worsen. Given the previously reported barriers to healthcare access for migrants in to the Russian Federation, and the rapidly expanding HIV epidemic in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, this present study set out to determine whether these barriers impact late presentation with HIV upon their return to Tajikistan. This study uses data from the Tajikistan Ministry of Health surveillance system. The dataset contains all new known HIV diagnoses between 2006 and 2018. At time of diagnosis, patients are interviewed by staff of AIDS centers, complete routine intake forms and complete medical exam and related forms by doctors. HIV-positive returned migrants who had lived in the Russian Federation (n = 770) were included in final data-analysis after data cleaning. Data were analyzed using three logistic (logit) models. The unadjusted logistic model found that for every year spent in the Russian Federation, the risk of late presentation for an HIV-positive Tajikistani migrant increases by 10.3% (95% CI: 5.5-15.3). The saturated multivariate model showed that when holding all study variables constant, the risk of late presentation for an HIV-positive Tajikistani migrant increases by 9.5% (95% CI: 2.6-16.9). The parsimonious multivariate model showed that when current age and region of origin are held constant, the risk of late presentation for an HIV-positive Tajikistani migrant increases by 6.3 (95% CI: 1.1-11.8). Even when other potential predictors are included in the logistic model, only age and length of time abroad remain statistically significant. The results of this paper suggest that if the Russian Federation were to adopt a reciprocal policy, it might improve treatment outcomes of migrant laborers. Further research is needed to explicate the causal pathways of the associations found in the present analysis.

Key messages
Structural factors are the strongest predictors of HIV late presentation among returned Tajik migrants to the Russian Federation. Further research is needed to explicate the causal pathways of the associations found in the present analysis.
Prenatal exposure to extra vitamin D from fortification and risk of developing coeliac disease
Authors: Moos C , Duus K S , Frederiksen P , Heitmann B , Andersen V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Few studies have examined the role of maternal diet in relation to development of autoimmune diseases such as coeliac disease (CD). In Denmark, cancellation of mandatory vitamin D fortification of margarine in June 1985 provides this opportunity. This study examined if prenatal exposure to extra vitamin D from food fortification or season of birth were associated with a decreased risk of developing CD later in life. If low prenatal vitamin D levels are a risk factor, there are immediate, cheap and easy public health implications.

Methods
This register based study has a partially ecologic design. The two entire cohorts were created using information available from the Danish birth registry and development of CD (ICD-8 269 ICD-10 K90) over 30 years was retrieved from the Danish National Patient Register. Logistic regression analysis was used to generate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results
There was a lower odds ratio of developing CD (OR: 0.811 95% CI 0.655; 1.003) from the exposed birth cohort adjusting for sex and season of birth. There was a significant season effect particularly for children born in autumn (OR 1.6 95% CI 1.16; 2.21) and born summer (OR 1.5 95% CI 1.1;2.1) when compared to children born in winter.

Conclusions
The results indicate a potential protective effect of a small extra intake of vitamin D from food fortification by pregnant women in relation to the risk of their offspring developing CD. This conclusion is further supported by the results showing that summer born children, where first half of gestation occurred during the dark winter season, had a higher risk of CD. This research lends support for the reconsideration of vitamin-D food fortification in Denmark.

Key messages
Exposure to even a small amount of vitamin D prenatally may protect against developing coeliac disease later in life. Association between season and CD indicates that vitamin D may play an important role in relation to fetal programming.
The Evaluation of Stigmatization and Related Factors in Students of Health-Related Faculties
Authors: Pala S Çalışkan , Öcal E E , Aydoğan S , Demirtaş Z , Atay E , Oktar D , Mutlu A , Önsüz M F , Metintaş S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Individuals with disabilities are the people in which health inequalities are mostly experienced. Stigmatization of disabled people reduces their participation in society and causes insufficient health care. Not stigmatize disabled people by health care providers is important to eliminate this insufficiency. The aim of the study was to determine the stigmatization level and communication related factors of students educated in health-related faculties.

Methods
This cross-sectional study conducted in 873 university students who educated in health-related faculties. The level of stigmatization was measured with Disability Stigma Scale(DSS) including the items used in study performed by Mclaughlin et al. The questionnaire consists of sociodemographics and items of contact with disabled persons(CDP) scale.

Results
The mean age of study group was 20.19 ± 1.63, and the 71% were female. The prevelance of stigmatization for disabled people was 33.7%. Of 62.3% study group scored below the mean score from CDP scale. In univariate analysis, the prevelance of stigma was higher in the male group (p &lt; 0.001), low education level group (p &lt; 0.005) and low communication level group (p = 0.020). In multivariate analysis, the risk of stigma for disabled people increases 2.1 times (OR;95% CI, 1.53-2.85) in male group, reduces 0.70 times (0.53-0.93) in high education level parents group and reduces 0.98 times (0.97-0.99) in high communication level group.

Conclusions
It was concluded that stigmatization against disabled people is very important issue for investigation and intervention in males, parents with low education groups and low communication level groups.

Key messages
Communication with disabled people is a very important factor that could be modified and improved for reducing the stigmatization about disabled people. Intervention studies are needed for reducing stigmatization against disabled people in students educated in health-related faculties to eliminate inequalities in health.
Family environment risk factors for overweight in childhood
Authors: Duleva V , Chikova-Iscener E , Rangelova L , Dimitrov P l 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
One of the current public health problems in Bulgaria is the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood. The family environment affects many aspects of children’s health and well-being. The unfavourable socio-economic characteristics of the family environment might be a risk for overweight and obesity in childhood.

Methods
A national representative survey was conducted in Bulgaria in 2016 as part of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). 3379 schoolchildren were recruited. The average age of the sample was 7.7 years, equally distributed by gender - girls 50.11% (n = 1693) and boys 49.89% (n = 1686). The data from the filled in Family form was analysed with SPSS using descriptive statistical methods.

Results
The study identified the following risk factors of the family environment for the development of overweight in childhood: the proportion of parents with elementary or primary education was significant - about a quarter, nearly one third of the surveyed households were experiencing financial difficulties, 14.1% of the women and 11.6% of the men were unemployed in the last 1 year. There was a high incidence of co-morbidity among family members: hypertension - 27.7%, diabetes mellitus - 14.4% and hypercholesterolemia - 13.6%. Among the surveyed parents 28.4% of the women and 68% of the men were overweight. Only 13.5% of the parents estimated the weight status of their child as overweight (with objectively measured overweight among 29.2% of the recruited children). A significant proportion of the children were not breastfed (17.3%) or the duration of exclusive breastfeeding was not optimal for 67.8% of the exclusively breastfed children.

Conclusions
Identifying family risk factors associated with overweight in childhood is important for the public health and provides opportunities to develop policies for improvement of the nutritional and health status of children.

Key messages
To tackle the childhood obesity epidemic the family risk factors should be addressed. The awareness of the children and parents should be raised through targeted information materials and campaigns.
School connectedness and adult depressiveness, longitudinal study of the Northern Swedish Cohort
Authors: Gunnarsdottir H , Hensing G , Hammarström A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to use Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory to investigate adolescents’ school connectedness and family climate as potential predictors of depressiveness in adulthood.

Methods
The data are from the Northern Swedish Cohort and the sample consists of 481 women and 526 men born 1965 that participated in data collection at four time points, at age 16, 21, 30 and 43. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the associations between school connectedness and family climate and depressiveness, respectively.

Results
Poor school connectedness was found to be associated with depressiveness up to mid adulthood and social/material adversities in adolescence were found to expand this association in young adulthood.

Conclusions
This study show that poor school connectedness can have long lasting effects on mental health. Thus, mental health promoting initiatives with holistic approach aiming at enhancing both sense of belonging in school, peer relations and academic achievements are needed. The study accentuates the complex processes determining mental health and propose a theoretical approach appealing for public mental health research. To advance the knowledge of the mechanisms behind the associations between proximal processes and depressiveness in adulthood, additional life-course studies are called for.

Key messages
Poor school connectedness can have long lasting effects on mental health. Initiatives aiming at enhancing both sense of belonging in school, peer relations and academic achievements are needed.
The status of compliance with guidelines of cancer screening in Japan
Authors: Kono K , Matsuda K , Machii R , Saika K , Takahashi H , Nakayama T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) establishes screening recommendations specifying screening methods, age, and interval for gastric, colon, lung, breast, and cervical cancers. Screening programs are provided via local healthcare departments (LHD), who are responsible for managing programs and reporting the screening status through a survey annually.

Methods
We analyzed screening status provided by LHDs in fiscal 2017 in regards to appropriate screening age and interval. Briefly, current recommended screening age by MHLW is followed: colon, lung, breast cancer screening are age 40 years and older, and cervical cancer for aged 20 and older, and gastric cancer for aged 50 and older. Screening intervals are gastric, breast, and cervical cancer screening are two years, and colon and lung cancer screening are one year.

Results
The survey was completed by 1736 LHD (response rate: 99.9%). Regarding age-appropriate compliance, in cervical cancer, 96.4% of LHDs reported following recommended target age, while compliance was lower for lung, colon, breast, and gastric cancers at 79.4%, 75.7%, 60.2% and 4.2%, respectively. High compliance with recommendations for screening interval was identified for colon (99.7%) and lung (98.7%) cancers; this was substantially less for breast, cervical, and gastric cancer screening at 39.8%, 34.1%, and 4.6%, respectively.

Conclusions
In 2016, MLHW changed the starting screening age for gastric cancer from 40 to 50 years old, likely resulting in the lowest compliance in our analysis. Though it may take time for screening facilities to come into compliance with newer recommendations. Many LHDs provide screening without adhering to recommended starting ages, with a general tendency to provide screening at younger than recommended ages. This is a barrier to maximizing effectiveness and minimize harms of screening and warrants closer monitoring to promote efficiency in cancer screening programs.

Key messages
There is relatively low compliance with cancer screening guidelines in Japan. Establishing an environment of appropriate monitoring and support to achieve the goal of cancer screening is warranted.
Comparison of Cardiovascular Disease Risks of Actual and Perceptions of Men’s that 40-65 Years Old
Authors: Topuz İbrahim , Gozum Sebahat 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Turkey is among the top countries in Europe in coronary mortality in the 45-74 age range. The highest death due to disorders of the circulatory system (50.8%) that is Amasya province.

Objective
Determine related factors and to compare with actual and perceived cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks of men aged 40-65 living in Amasya.

Methods
The sample size of cross-sectional and analytical study consisted of 400 people who met the inclusion criteria. Actual CVD risks of men were calculated using HeartScore. Age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol measured by blood taken from the capillary and smoking status were used to calculate CVD risk. Actual CVD risk in next decade has been calculated as low, medium, high or very high. Perceived CVD risk in next decade were identified by participants as low, medium, high and very high responses. They also questioned why evaluation of perceived risk.

Results
It was determined whereas 8.3% of the males had high, 52.5% had a very high level of CVD risk. The main variables affecting actual CVD risk; diastolic blood pressure, BMI and physical activity. 13.3% of males perceived CVD risks at high and 8% at very high. The main variables affecting perceived CVD risk; age and DM. It was found that 48% and 23.8% of males perceived CVD risks lower and higher than actual CVD risk while 28.2% were accurate. Those who perceived CVD risk at a moderate, high and very high think that this is caused by diseases that increase the risk of CVD and smoking.

Conclusions
Approximately 1/2 men has very high risk of CVD. It was determined that 1/2 men perceived risks are lower with false optimism and couldn’t accurately identify risks of people older and with diabetes.

Key messages
It can be ensured that develop risk reducing behaviors and individuals with high risk of CVD can raise their awareness. The risk perceptions of males in the very high-risk group from the past to the present are important because they affect their actual risks and risk-reducing behaviors.
Increased risk of Roma for 10-year development of CVDs based on Framingham Risk Score calculation
Authors: Piko P , Fiatal S , Kosa Z , Sandor J , Adany R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Increased mortality and short life expectancy of Roma are well known epidemiological findings which can be partially explained by the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among them. This study assesses the prevalence of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, smoking and diabetes status, elevated total and reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol level (HDL-C)) and the estimation of 10-year risk of development of CVD (CVD in general, coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke) and that of death from CHD and CVD based on the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in case of the Hungarian general (HG) and Roma (HR) populations.

Methods
A complex health survey incl. questionnaire based interview, physical examination and laboratory test was carried out in 2018 on the HG and HR populations. The prevalence of different cardiovascular risk factors was defined and FRS was computed and compared between the HG (n = 378) and HR (n = 386) populations.

Results
The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher among Roma females compared to females of general population (17.8% vs. 7.7%; p = 0.001) while the average systolic blood pressure level was less elevated among Roma males (127.9 mmHg vs. 129.4 mmHg; p = 0.020). The prevalence of smoking (males: 63.1% vs. 33.7%; females: 67.6% vs. 31%; p &lt; 0.001) and reduced HDL-C level (males: 40% vs. 25.9%, p = 0.014; females: 55.5% vs. 35.1%, p &lt; 0.001) were significantly higher in both sexes among Roma. The 10-year estimated risk for development of CHD, MI and CVD and the death from CHD was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher in both sexes among Roma compared to the general population while the average risk scores for stroke and death from CVD were significantly higher only among Roma men.

Conclusions
Our results show that both sexes in the Roma population have a significantly higher risk for 10-year development of CVD compared to the Hungarian general population.

Key messages
The Roma population have a significantly higher risk for 10-year development of cardiovascular diseases and death from them based on the Framingham Risk Score. The targeted cardiovascular interventions should be focus on reduce smoking and provide information on the recognition and treatment of diabetes and lipid disorders among Roma.