bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and theoretical study of microwave enhanced catalytic hydrodesulfurization of thiophene in a continuous-flow reactor
Authors: Shang Hui , Ye Pengfei , Yue Yude , Wang Tianye , Zhang Wenhui , Omar Sainab , Wang Jiawei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene, as a gasoline model oil, over an industrial Ni-Mo/Al2O3catalyst was investigated in a continuous system under microwave irradiation. The HDS efficiency was much higher (5%–14%) under microwave irradiation than conventional heating. It was proved that the reaction was enhanced by both microwave thermal and non-thermal effects. Microwave selective heating caused hot spots inside the catalyst, thus improved the reaction rate. From the analysis of the non-thermal effect, the molecular collisions were significantly increased under microwave irradiation. However, instead of being reduced, the apparent activation energy increased. This may be due to the microwave treatment hindering the adsorption though upright S-bind (η1) and enhancing the parallel adsorption (η5), both adsorptions were considered to favor to the direct desulfurization route and the hydrogenation route respectively. Therefore, the HDS process was considered to proceed along the hydrogenation route under microwave irradiation.
Influence of ground motion duration on ductility demands of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: De Jesus Vega Eric , Montejo Luis A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article investigates the level of influence that strong motion duration may have on the inelastic demand of reinforced concrete structures. Sets of short-duration spectrally equivalent records are generated using as target the response spectrum of an actual long-duration record. The sets of short-duration records are applied to carefully calibrated numerical models of the structures along with the target long-duration records. The input motions are applied in an incremental dynamic analysis fashion, so that the duration effect at different levels of inelastic demand can be investigated. It was found that long-duration records tend to impose larger inelastic demands. However, such influence is difficult to quantify, as it was found to depend on the dynamic properties of the structure, the strength, and stiffness degrading characteristics, the approach used to generate the numerical model and the seismic scenario (target spectrum). While for some scenarios, the dominance of the long record was evident; in other scenarios, the set of short records clearly imposed larger demands than the long record. The detrimental effect of large strong motion durations was mainly observed in relatively rigid structures and poorly detailed flexible structures. The modeling approach was found to play an important role in the perceived effect of duration, with the lumped plasticity multilinear hysteretic models suggesting that the demands from the long records can be up to twice the inferred from distributed plasticity fiber models.
New cranial fossils of the Jurassic turtleNeusticemys neuquinaand phylogenetic relationships of the only thalassochelydian known from the eastern Pacific
Authors: González Ruiz P. , de la Fuente M. S. , Fernández M.S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNeusticemys neuquina(Fernández and de la Fuente, 1988) is a turtle from the Upper Jurassic of the Neuquén Basin, Patagonia, Argentina. Here we describe in detail a new skull, lower jaw, and a vertebra, utilizing both traditional anatomical description and computed tomography (CT). New diagnostic cranial characters ofNeusticemys neuquinaare: a round depression on the ventral surface of the basisphenoid, a relatively larger oval foramen nervi trigemini, and reduced and steepened triturating surfaces on both the maxilla and dentary. The new morphological information presented in this study was included in a phylogenetic analysis, the primary result of which was recovery ofNeusticemys neuquinawithin Thalassochelydia. Characters recognized as synapomorphies of this clade include: (1) anterolateral recess of the anterior surface of the quadrate positioned lateral to the processus trochlearis oticum, (2) presence of a fossa on the supraoccipital-opisthotic-exoccipital contact area, (3) foramina anterius caroticus cerebralis located close together but independently perforating the basisphenoid, and (4) the presence of the splenial in the mandible. Two contrasting dispersal scenarios could explain how this species of Thalassochelydia can be found outside of Europe. The presence ofNeusticemys neuquinain the Neuquén Basin could be the consequence of an early dispersion event, for which we lack intermediate forms, or it could be the result of a later event once the clade was already established in Europe.
An enigmatic Arthropoda from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) southwestern Gondwana (Argentina)
Authors: Lara María B. , Cariglino Bárbara , Zavattieri Ana M. , Zacarías Iracema 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe presence of a new taxon,Duraznovis gallegoinew genus new species is reported and described from an early Late Triassic (Carnian) deposit in Argentina. Two specimens, recovered from the Quebrada del Durazno locality, uppermost levels of the Potrerillos Formation, Cuyana Basin (Mendoza), are represented by the molds of their shield and imprints of soft parts. The identity of these specimens appears enigmatic but closely resembles in the possession of a generalized arthropod morphology and a distinctive combination of characters, to living and fossil representatives of xiphosurans (Chelicerata) and notostracans (Branchiopoda). The new fossils are associated with a rich biota comprising abundant insects, spinicaudatans, plants, and scarce fish remains living in semipermanent swamps and/or ponds within a delta plain environment with intermittent episodes of flooding, in a warm temperate and humid megamonsoonal climate during Triassic times. In this context, we analyze the taphonomic and ecological implications of their presence. Lastly, these unique specimens at the Quebrada del Durazno locality adds to the diversity of the biota, revealing the importance of this site as an exceptional paleontological Triassic deposit.UUID:http://zoobank.org/8d1194c2-170c-4b7a-b0c6-5c08b0974d95
Provenance investigation for the Cambrian–Ordovician strata from the northern margin of the western Yangtze Block: implications for locating the South China Block in Gondwana
Authors: Luo Liang , Zeng Lianbo , Wang Kai , Yu Xiaoxia , Li Yihang , Zhu Chenxi , Liu Shuning 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe report new U–Pb isotopic data for detrital zircons from Cambrian–Ordovician strata on the northern margin of the western Yangtze Block, which together with published U–Pb isotopic data for coeval strata in the South China Block, provide critical constraints on the provenance of these sediments and further shed light on the early Palaeozoic position of the South China Block in the context of Gondwana. Detrital zircons in this study yield four major age peaks in the early Palaeoproterozoic, early Neoproterozoic, middle Neoproterozoic and late Neoproterozoic – early Palaeozoic. The dominant age population of 900–700 Ma matches well with magmatic ages from the nearby Panxi–Hannan Belt, which indicates that Cambrian–Ordovician sedimentary rocks in the western Yangtze Block were mainly of local derivation. However, compilations of detrital zircon ages for the Cambrian–Ordovician strata from the Cathaysia Block and the eastern Yangtze Block show that both blocks are dominated by late Mesoproterozoic- and early Neoproterozoic-aged detrital zircons, which suggests a remarkable exotic input with typical Gondwana signatures. According to the integrated detrital zircon age spectra of the Cambrian–Ordovician sedimentary rocks from the entire South China Block and palaeocurrent data, the South China Block should have been linked with North India and Western Australia within East Gondwana. Specifically, the Cathaysia Block was located adjacent to Western Australia, while the Yangtze Block was connected with North India.
Accuracy of National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) in Prehospital Triage on In-Hospital Early Mortality: A Multi-Center Observational Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Martín-Rodríguez Francisco , López-Izquierdo Raúl , del Pozo Vegas Carlos , Delgado Benito Juan F. , Carbajosa Rodríguez Virginia , Diego Rasilla María N. , Martín Conty José Luis , Mayo Iscar Agustín , Otero de la Torre Santiago , Méndez Martín Violante , Castro Villamor Miguel A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroduction:In cases of mass-casualty incidents (MCIs), triage represents a fundamental tool for the management of and assistance to the wounded, which helps discriminate not only the priority of attention, but also the priority of referral to the most suitable center.Hypothesis/Problem:The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of different prehospital triage systems based on physiological parameters (Shock Index [SI], Glasgow-Age-Pressure Score [GAP], Revised Trauma Score [RTS], and National Early Warning Score 2 [NEWS2]) to predict early mortality (within 48 hours) from the index event for use in MCIs.Methods:This was a longitudinal prospective observational multi-center study on patients who were attended by Advanced Life Support (ALS) units and transferred to the emergency department (ED) of their reference hospital. Collected were: demographic, physiological, and clinical variables; main diagnosis; and data on early mortality. The main outcome variable was mortality from any cause within 48 hours.Results:From April 1, 2018 through February 28, 2019, a total of 1,288 patients were included in this study. Of these, 262 (20.3%) participants required assistance for trauma and injuries by external agents. Early mortality within the first 48 hours due to any cause affected 69 patients (5.4%). The system with the best predictive capacity was the NEWS2 with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.891 (95% CI, 0.84-0.94); a sensitivity of 79.7% (95% CI, 68.8-87.5); and a specificity of 84.5% (95% CI, 82.4-86.4) for a cut-off point of nine points, with a positive likelihood ratio of 5.14 (95% CI, 4.31-6.14) and a negative predictive value of 98.7% (95% CI, 97.8-99.2).Conclusion:Prehospital scores of the NEWS2 are easy to obtain and represent a reliable test, which make it an ideal system to help in the initial assessment of high-risk patients, and to determine their level of triage effectively and efficiently. The Prehospital Emergency Medical System (PhEMS) should evaluate the inclusion of the NEWS2 as a triage system, which is especially useful for the second triage (evacuation priority).
DENSITY RESULTS FOR SPECIALIZATION SETS OF GALOIS COVERS
Authors: König Joachim , Legrand François 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe provide evidence for this conclusion: given a finite Galois cover $f:X\rightarrow \mathbb{P}_{\mathbb{Q}}^{1}$ of group $G$, almost all (in a density sense) realizations of $G$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ do not occur as specializations of $f$. We show that this holds if the number of branch points of $f$ is sufficiently large, under the abc-conjecture and, possibly, the lower bound predicted by the Malle conjecture for the number of Galois extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$ of given group and bounded discriminant. This widely extends a result of Granville on the lack of $\mathbb{Q}$-rational points on quadratic twists of hyperelliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$ with large genus, under the abc-conjecture (a diophantine reformulation of the case $G=\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$ of our result). As a further evidence, we exhibit a few finite groups $G$ for which the above conclusion holds unconditionally for almost all covers of $\mathbb{P}_{\mathbb{Q}}^{1}$ of group $G$. We also introduce a local–global principle for specializations of Galois covers $f:X\rightarrow \mathbb{P}_{\mathbb{Q}}^{1}$ and show that it often fails if $f$ has abelian Galois group and sufficiently many branch points, under the abc-conjecture. On the one hand, such a local–global conclusion underscores the ‘smallness’ of the specialization set of a Galois cover of $\mathbb{P}_{\mathbb{Q}}^{1}$. On the other hand, it allows to generate conditionally ‘many’ curves over $\mathbb{Q}$ failing the Hasse principle, thus generalizing a recent result of Clark and Watson devoted to the hyperelliptic case.
Women's Parties: A New Party Family
Authors: Cowell-Meyers Kimberly B. , Evans Elizabeth , Shin Ki-young 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWomen's parties have a unique and important role to play in the representation of women and women's issues and interests. They are neither a new nor a rare phenomenon and have emerged in a variety of contexts across time and space. And yet we know relatively little about them. This article argues that women's parties matter and that the study of women's parties matters. We contend that women's parties constitute a discrete party family; while there is a diverse range of women's parties, they can be viewed as a coherent group with similar origins, ideology, and naming patterns. This article offers the first research framework for the comparative study of women's parties. Building our knowledge of women's parties, we argue, is important for those interested in gender and politics, particularly those concerned with the representation of women's issues and interests.
Cultural weed management practices shorten the critical weed-free period for soybean grown in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Rosset Jonathan D. , Gulden Robert H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has recently become a popular rotational crop in the Canadian Northern Great Plains where herbicide-resistant (HR) soybean cultivars have been widely adopted. Intense reliance on herbicides has contributed to the development of HR weeds in soybean and other crops. Cultural weed management practices reduce the need for herbicides and lower the selection pressure for HR weed biotypes by improving the competitiveness of the crop. The effects of two row spacings, three target densities, and three cultivars on the critical weed-free period (CWFP) in soybean were evaluated as three separate experiments in southern Manitoba. In the row-spacing experiment, soybean grown in narrow rows shortened the CWFP by up to three soybean developmental stages at site-years with increased weed pressure. In the target density experiment, low-density soybean stands lengthened the CWFP by one soybean developmental stage compared with higher-density soybean stands. The effect of soybean cultivar varied among locations, yet tended to be consistent within location over the 2-yr study, suggesting that competitive ability in these soybean cultivars was linked to edaphic and/or environmental factors. Generally, the cultivar with the shortest days to maturity, which also had the shortest stature, consistently had a longer CWFP. Each of these cultural practices were effective at reducing the need for in-crop herbicide applications.
Fine Structure of Interplanetary Shock Front—Results from BMSW Experiment with High Time Resolution
Authors: Borodkova N.L. , Eselevich V.G. , Zastenker G.N. , Sapunova O.V. , Yermolaev Yu.I. , Šafránková J. , Nĕmeček Z. , Přech L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe structure of subcritical interplanetary shocks was studied using high time resolution from the BMSW plasma instrument onboard the Spektr‐R satellite and MFI magnetometer measurements from WIND. Ion scales of the ramp and wavelength of precursor waves were obtained and compared with results of the bow shock structure study. The comparison of precursor wavelengths, determined experimentally with those determined from dispersion relation for low‐Mach, low‐beta shocks has showed similar results. This confirms the assumption that the dispersion of oblique magnetosonic waves is the determining factor in the formation of upstream wave trains. On the base of the case study it was shown that damped downstream oscillations of density, velocity, temperature may be generated by the interaction of the inflowing solar wind ions with the reflected gyrating ions inside the ramp. A sequence of six wave trains of magnetosonic whistlers has been observed upstream the ramp of subcritical oblique IP shock. The amplitude of oscillations inside the trains decreased with increasing distance from the ramp. The possible energy dissipation mechanism within the shock front is discussed.
Fractional Crystallization of Martian Magma Oceans and Formation of a Thermochemical Boundary Layer at the Base of the Mantle
Authors: Zeff G. , Williams Q. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe examine the fractional crystallization of intermediate depth (~160–260 km), impact‐induced magma oceans on Mars, and find that residual liquids become denser than normal Martian mantle. Fractional crystallization near 3 GPa establishes inverted density distributions that can generate melt descent within the mantle. Liquid compositions produced by ~45–80 wt% crystallization become dense enough to descend to the core‐mantle boundary and could form a stably stratified thermochemical boundary layer (TCBL). If this layer crystallizes, its mineralogy would be dominated by either garnet and ferropericlase or stishovite and ringwoodite. Although the size of Mars' core remains uncertain, the addition of such a thermal boundary layer would impede stabilization of (Mg, Fe)SiO3‐perovskite at the base of the mantle. A TCBL would both elevate the inferred temperature of the core and inhibit heat flow out of the core, with a potentially causal relation with the current lack of an internally generated Martian magnetic field.
Impact of neuroendocrine morphology on cancer outcomes and stage at diagnosis: a UK nationwide cohort study 2013–2015
Authors: Genus Tracey S. E. , Bouvier Catherine , Wong Kwok F. , Srirajaskanthan Rajaventhan , Rous Brian A. , Talbot Denis C. , Valle Juan W. , Khan Mohid , Pearce Neil , Elshafie Mona , Reed Nicholas S. , Morgan Eileen , Deas Andrew , White Ceri , Huws Dyfed , Ramage John 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) is often delayed. This first UK population-based epidemiological study of NENs compares outcomes with non-NENs to identify any inequalities.MethodsAge-standardised incidence rate (ASR), 1-year overall survival, hazard ratios and standardised mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated for all malignant NENs diagnosed 2013–2015 from UK national Public Health records. Comparison with non-NENs assessed 1-year overall survival (1YS) and association between diagnosis at stage IV and morphology.ResultsA total of 15,222 NENs were identified, with an ASR (2013–2015 combined) of 8.6 per 100,000 (95% CI 8.5–8.7); 4.6 per 100 000 (95% CI, 4.5–4.7) for gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) NENs. The 1YS was 75% (95% CI, 73.9–75.4) varying significantly by sex. Site and morphology were prognostic. NENs (predominantly small cell carcinomas) in the oesophagus, bladder, prostate, and female reproductive organs had a poorer outcome and were three times more likely to be diagnosed at stage IV than non-NENs.ConclusionAdvanced stage at diagnosis with significantly poorer outcomes of some NENs compared with non-NENs at the same anatomical site, highlight the need for improved access to specialist services and targeted service improvement.
ACTL6A regulates follicle-stimulating hormone-driven glycolysis in ovarian cancer cells via PGK1
Authors: Zhang Jiawen , Zhang Jing , Wei Yingze , Li Qingxian , Wang Qingying 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEnhanced glycolysis has been identified as a hallmark of cancer. As a novel oncogene, ACTL6A is aberrantly amplified in several types of human cancers and has been shown to regulate tumor growth and progression. However, the roles of ACTL6A in the development of ovarian cancer and the regulation of cancer glucose metabolism are mostly unknown. Here we show that ACTL6A is overexpressed in ovarian cancers compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, and that ACTL6A overexpression correlates with poor prognosis. Silencing of ACTL6A in vitro inhibits proliferation, clonal growth, and migration, and decreases glucose utilization, lactate production, and pyruvate levels of ovarian cancer cells. We found a positive correlation between ACTL6A and PGK1 expression in ovarian cancer tissues. Enforced ACTL6A expression increased PGK1 expression, whereas knockdown of ACTL6A had the opposite effect. Altered ACTL6A expression inhibits the tumorigenicity of ovarian cancer cells in vivo by downregulating PGK1. In addition, the expression of ACTL6A is regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation via PI3K/AKT pathway. Importantly, ACTL6A regulates FSH-enhanced glycolysis in ovarian cancer. Taken together, our findings highlight the critical role of ACTL6A in ovarian cancer development and identify its contribution to glucose metabolism of cancer cells.
A new quasi-one-dimensional compound Ba3TiTe5 and superconductivity induced by pressure
Authors: Zhang Jun , Jia Yating , Wang Xiancheng , Li Zhi , Duan Lei , Li Wenmin , Zhao Jianfa , Cao Lipeng , Dai Guangyang , Deng Zheng , Zhang Sijia , Feng Shaomin , Yu Runze , Liu Qingqing , Hu Jiangping , Zhu Jinlong , Jin Changqing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe report systematic studies of a new quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) compound, Ba3TiTe5, and the high-pressure induced superconductivity therein. Ba3TiTe5 was synthesized at high pressure and high temperature. It crystallizes into a hexagonal structure (P63/mcm), which consists of infinite face-sharing octahedral TiTe6 chains and Te chains along the c axis, exhibiting a strong 1D characteristic structure. The first-principles calculations demonstrate that Ba3TiTe5 is a well-defined 1D conductor; thus, it can be considered a starting point to explore the exotic physics induced by pressure by enhancing the interchain hopping to move the 1D conductor to a high-dimensional metal. For Ba3TiTe5, high-pressure techniques were employed to study the emerging physics dependent on interchain hopping, such as the Umklapp scattering effect, spin/charge density wave (SDW/CDW), superconductivity and non-Fermi liquid behavior. Finally, a complete phase diagram was plotted. The superconductivity emerges at 8.8 GPa, near which the Umklapp gap is mostly suppressed. Tc is enhanced and reaches a maximum of ~6 K at ~36.7 GPa, where the SDW/CDW is completely suppressed, and a non-Fermi liquid behavior appears. Our results suggest that the appearance of superconductivity is associated with the fluctuation due to the suppression of the Umklapp gap and that the enhancement of the Tc is related to the fluctuation of the SDW/CDW.