bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated analysis of machine learning and deep learning in chili pest and disease identification
Authors: Ahmad Loti Nurul Nabilah , Mohd Noor Mohamad Roff , Chang Siow‐Wee 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDChili is one of the most important and high‐value vegetable crops worldwide. However, pest and disease infections are among the main limiting factors in chili cultivation. These diseases cannot be eradicated but can be handled and monitored to mitigate the damage. Hence, the use of an automated identification system based on images will promote quick identification of chili disease. The features extracted from the images are of utmost importance to develop such an accurate identification system.RESULTSIn this research, chili pest and disease features extracted using the traditional approach were compared with features extracted using a deep‐learning‐based approach. A total of 974 chili leaf images were collected, which consisted of five types of diseases, two types of pest infestations, and a healthy type. Six traditional feature‐based approaches and six deep‐learning feature‐based approaches were used to extract significant pests and disease features from the chili leaf images. The extracted features were fed into three machine learning classifiers, namely a support vector machine (SVM), a random forest (RF), and an artificial neural network (ANN) for the identification task. The results showed that deep learning feature‐based approaches performed better than the traditional feature‐based approaches. The best accuracy of 92.10% was obtained with the SVM classifier.CONCLUSIONA deep‐learning feature‐based approach could capture the details and characteristics between different types of chili pests and diseases even though they possessed similar visual patterns and symptoms. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Inhibition of the lemon brown rot causal agent Phytophthora citrophthora by low‐toxicity compounds
Authors: Olmedo Gabriela M , Baigorria Carina G , Ramallo Ana C , Sepulveda Milena , Ramallo Jacqueline , Volentini Sabrina I , Rapisarda Viviana A , Cerioni Luciana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhytophthora spp., soil‐borne oomycetes, cause brown rot (BR) on postharvest lemons. The management of this disease is based on cultural practices and chemical control using inorganic salts of limited efficacy. In the search for new alternatives, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of low‐toxicity compounds to inhibit the growth of P. citrophthora and to control BR disease on lemons. Sodium bicarbonate, potassium sorbate, polyhexamethylene guanidine, Ascophyllum nodosum extract and a formulation containing phosphite salts plus A. nodosum (P+An) were evaluated.RESULTSAll tested products inhibited mycelial growth, sporangia formation and zoospore germination of P. citrophthora in vitro. In postharvest applications on artificially inoculated lemons, only P+An exhibited a BR curative effect, with incidence reduction of around 60%. When this formulation was applied in field treatments, BR incidence was reduced by 40% on lemons harvested and inoculated up to 30 days post application.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrate the in vitro direct anti‐oomycete effect of low‐toxicity compounds and the in vivo efficacy of P+An formulation to control BR, encouraging the incorporation of the latter in the management of citrus BR. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Canadian Internal Medicine Ultrasound (CIMUS) Expert Consensus Statement on the Use of Lung Ultrasound for the Assessment of Medical Inpatients With Known or Suspected Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Ma Irene W. Y. , Hussain Arif , Wagner Michael , Walker Brandie , Chee Alex , Arishenkoff Shane , Buchanan Brian , Liu Rachel B. , Mints Gregory , Wong Tanping , Noble Vicki , Tonelli Ana Claudia , Dumoulin Elaine , Miller Daniel J. , Hergott Christopher A. , Liteplo Andrew S. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo develop a consensus statement on the use of lung ultrasound (LUS) in the assessment of symptomatic general medical inpatients with known or suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).MethodsOur LUS expert panel consisted of 14 multidisciplinary international experts. Experts voted in 3 rounds on the strength of 26 recommendations as “strong,” “weak,” or “do not recommend.” For recommendations that reached consensus for do not recommend, a fourth round was conducted to determine the strength of those recommendations, with 2 additional recommendations considered.ResultsOf the 26 recommendations, experts reached consensus on 6 in the first round, 13 in the second, and 7 in the third. Four recommendations were removed because of redundancy. In the fourth round, experts considered 4 recommendations that reached consensus for do not recommend and 2 additional scenarios; consensus was reached for 4 of these. Our final recommendations consist of 24 consensus statements; for 2 of these, the strength of the recommendations did not reach consensus.ConclusionsIn symptomatic medical inpatients with known or suspected COVID‐19, we recommend the use of LUS to: (1) support the diagnosis of pneumonitis but not diagnose COVID‐19, (2) rule out concerning ultrasound features, (3) monitor patients with a change in the clinical status, and (4) avoid unnecessary additional imaging for patients whose pretest probability of an alternative or superimposed diagnosis is low. We do not recommend the use of LUS to guide admission and discharge decisions. We do not recommend routine serial LUS in patients without a change in their clinical condition.
Changes in Internal Carotid Artery Doppler Velocity Measurements With Different Angles of Insonation
Authors: Campbell Kari A. , Kupinski Ann Marie , Miele Frank R. , Silva Philip F. , Zierler R. Eugene 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesDoppler velocity measurements are fundamental diagnostic criteria for vascular ultrasound examinations. Insonation angles are kept to 60° or less to minimize error. The purpose of this study was to assess variance of Doppler‐detected peak systolic velocity (PSV) measurements in the internal carotid arteries at different angles (45°, 50°, 55°, and 60°) with different beam steering.MethodsThe PSV was recorded from the right and left internal carotid arteries in 22 asymptomatic volunteers with straight vessels (total of 44 vessels). A standardized approach was used for recording velocities with the Doppler cursor center steered and steered 15° from right to left. An analysis of variance was performed.ResultsThe PSV varied significantly with the 4 different angles of insonation (P < .01). The maximum variation between 45° and 60° angles within a single vessel was 29 cm/s. The average variation over the 4 angles was 14 ± 6 cm/s. Relative to the calculated mean velocity for all patients, the standard deviation for the PSV at 60° was nearly twice that recorded at 50° (7.9 versus 3.9). The best correlation of the calculated mean velocity for all patients existed between the angles of 45° and 50° [r(36) = 0.92; P < .001 for center‐steered data; and r(40) = 0.96; P < .001 for right‐steered data].ConclusionsThese results indicate a statistically significant difference in the PSV measurements taken at varying Doppler angles. The greatest mean, variance, and lowest correlations all result when using 60°. The findings support the need for consistent ultrasound techniques and suggest that further study is warranted regarding the optimal Doppler angle for velocity measurements.
Evaluation of a multi‐sensor for measuring solution electrical conductivity in coir
Authors: Miyamoto Teruhito , Iwata Yukiyoshi , Inaba Satoshi , Kameyama Koji , Dyck Miles 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe simultaneous measurements of both volumetric water content (θ) and electrical conductivity of pore solutions (ECw) are essential for nutrient solution management within soilless culture systems. The present study was carried out in order to evaluate a capacitance sensor (METER 5TE) for the measurement θ and ECw within coir. Following the evaluation of the spatial sensitivity of the 5TE sensor, a calibration experiment was executed with six levels of θ (0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, and 0.55 m3 m−3) and four levels of KCl solutions (1.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 dS m−1). The measured relationship between θ and dielectric permittivity (εa) for coir significantly deviated from Topp's equation for organic soil, but was similar to the calibration equation for growing media from the sensor manufacturer and for peat soils. The Hilhorst (2000) model recommended by the manufacturer overestimated ECw within coir. On the other hand, accounting for EC dependency on the real part of the complex dielectric permittivity of the solution within the Hilhorst model will greatly improve ECw prediction. In contrast, the Rhoades (1976) model was more capable of describing the dependence of the apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) on θ and ECw for the coir samples for ECa < 2.9 dS m−1. Hence, when ECw−ECa−θ relations are known, the capacitance sensor is a powerful tool for horticultural practices because a single measurement can yield both θ and ECw.
DevOps workflow verification and duration prediction using non‐Markovian stochastic Petri nets
Authors: Ben Mesmia Walid , Escheikh Mohamed , Barkaoui Kamel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we provide a non‐Markovian Stochastic Petri Net (SPN) model forDevOpsworkflowspecification, and we determine how business processes are carried out. After describing our model semantics, we show how general properties related to liveness and safety can be checked. After that, we provide several extensions onSPNs(SPN) the notation and expressivity to check some specific properties related to actors' (Developers and Operators) availability, interactions between the actors, and execution failures detection linked to theDevOpssteps. Next, we validate the proposed model relevance withMATLABsimulation through a specificDevOpscase study. Finally, we propose a truncated density function to anticipate the delays related to theDevOpsbusiness process overall steps.
Smart materials for drug delivery and cancer therapy
Authors: Yang Yao , Zeng Weiwei , Huang Ping , Zeng Xiaowei , Mei Lin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUntil now, enormous smart materials have been engineered with endogenous stimulators such as pH, reactive oxygen species, glutathione, hypoxia and enzyme, or exogenous stimulators such as temperature, light, ultrasound, radiation, and magnetic field in drug delivery. As footstone of stimuli‐responsive nanocarriers, endogenous/exogenous responsive smart materials possess many properties, such as responding ability to specific triggers, controlled drug release, long blood circulation, increased tumor accumulation, “ON‐OFF” switch activities, enhanced diagnostic accuracy, and therapeutic efficacy. Smart materials have attracted considerable attention because they provide likelihood strategy for individualized and comprehensive therapy. In this review, significant research achievements of smart materials responsive to different triggers including their synthesis and formulation mechanism, responsive mechanism, applications, multiple functions are summarized and discussed separately. We primarily focus on the studies in the past few years (2017‐2020). The current situation and remaining challenges of stimuli‐sensitive materials‐based nanocarriers for clinical translation are discussed rationally at the end. It is hope that this timely and overall review would provide some helpful information for researchers in this field.
The role of lignin in wood working processes using elevated temperatures: an abbreviated literature survey
Authors: Börcsök Zoltán , Pásztory Zoltán 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses in wood are polymers that behave similarly to the artificial polymers and are bonded together in wood. Lignin differs from the other two substances by its highly branched, amorphous, three-dimensional structure. Under appropriate conditions, the moist lignin incorporated in the wood softens at about 100 °C and allows the molecules of it to deform in the cell walls. There are many advantages and disadvantages to this phenomenon. If we know this process accurately and the industrial areas where it matters, we may be able to improve these industrial processes. This article provides a brief theoretical summary of lignin softening and the woodworking processes where it plays a role: wood welding, pellet manufacturing, manufacturing binderless boards, solid wood bending, veneer manufacturing, and solid wood surface densification.
NGS-guided precision oncology in metastatic breast and gynecological cancer: first experiences at the CCC Munich LMU
Authors: Sultova Elena , Westphalen C. Benedikt , Jung Andreas , Kumbrink Joerg , Kirchner Thomas , Mayr Doris , Rudelius Martina , Ormanns Steffen , Heinemann Volker , Metzeler Klaus H. , Greif Philipp A. , Burges Alexander , Trillsch Fabian , Mahner Sven , Harbeck Nadia , Wuerstlein Rachel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Comprehensive genomic profiling identifying actionable molecular alterations aims to enable personalized treatment for cancer patients. The purpose of this analysis was to retrospectively assess the impact of personalized recommendations made by a multidisciplinary tumor board (MTB) on the outcome of patients with breast or gynecological cancers, who had progressed under standard treatment. Here, first experiences of our Comprehensive Cancer Center Molecular Tumor Board are reported.

Methods
All patients were part of a prospective local registry. 95 patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer or gynecological malignancies underwent extended molecular profiling. From May 2017 through March 2019, the MTB reviewed all clinical cases considering tumor profile and evaluated molecular alterations regarding further diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations.

Results
95 patients with metastatic breast or gynecological cancers were discussed in the MTB (68% breast cancer, 20% ovarian cancer, 5% cervical cancer, 3% endometrial cancer and 4% others). Genes with highest mutation rate were PIK3CA and ERBB2. Overall, 34 patients (36%) received a biomarker-based targeted therapy recommendation. Therapeutic recommendations were implemented in nine cases; four patients experienced clinical benefit with a partial response or disease stabilization lasting over 4 months.

Conclusion
In the setting of a multidisciplinary molecular tumor board, a small but clinically meaningful group of breast and gynecological cancer patients benefits from comprehensive genomic profiling. Broad and successful implementation of precision medicine is complicated by patient referral at late stage disease and limited access to targeted agents and early clinical trials.

Trial registration number
284-10 (03.05.2018).
Spatial and temporal analyses of perfluorooctanoic acid in drinking water for external exposure assessment in the Ruhr metropolitan area, Germany
Authors: Rathjens Jonathan , Becker Eva , Kolbe Arthur , Ickstadt Katja , Hölzer Jürgen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPerfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and related chemicals among the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances are widely distributed in the environment. Adverse health effects may occur even at low exposure levels. A large-scale contamination of drinking water resources, especially the rivers Möhne and Ruhr, was detected in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in summer 2006. As a result, concentration data are available from the water supply stations along these rivers and partly from the water network of areas supplied by them. Measurements started after the contamination’s discovery. In addition, there are sparse data from stations in other regions. Further information on the supply structure (river system, station-to-area relations) and expert statements on contamination risks are available. Within the first state-wide environmental-epidemiological study on the general population, these data are temporally and spatially modelled to assign estimated exposure values to the resident population. A generalized linear model with an inverse link offers consistent temporal approaches to model each station’s PFOA data along the river Ruhr and copes with a steeply decreasing temporal data pattern at mainly affected locations. The river’s segments between the main junctions are the most important factor to explain the spatial structure, besides local effects. Deductions from supply stations to areas and, therefore, to the residents’ risk are possible via estimated supply proportions. The resulting potential correlation structure of the supply areas is dominated by the common water supply from the Ruhr. Other areas are often isolated and, therefore, need to be modelled separately. The contamination is homogeneous within most of the areas.
Real-world study of direct medical and indirect costs and time spent in healthcare in patients with chronic graft versus host disease
Authors: Schain Frida , Batyrbekova Nurgul , Liwing Johan , Baculea Simona , Webb Thomas , Remberger Mats , Mattsson Jonas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) is a debilitating and costly complication following haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study describes the economic burden associated with cGVHD. Direct costs associated with specialised healthcare utilisation (inpatient admissions and outpatient visits), as well as indirect costs associated with sickness absence-associated productivity loss were estimated in patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT in Sweden between 2006 and 2015, linking population-based health and economic registers. To capture the period of chronic GVHD, patients were included who survived > 182 days post-HSCT (start of follow-up), and cGVHD was classified based on patient treatment records to correct for any diagnosis underreporting. Patients were classified as ‘non-cGVHD’ if they received no immunosuppressive treatment, ‘mild cGVHD’ if they received only systemic corticosteroid treatment or immunosuppressive treatment, or ‘moderate–severe cGVHD’ if they received extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) only, corticosteroid treatment and immunosuppressive treatment, or systemic corticosteroid treatment and ECP treatments. Patients with moderate–severe cGVHD spent more time in healthcare, had higher healthcare resource costs and higher sickness absence-related productivity loss compared to patients with non- or mild cGVHD. The cumulative total costs during the first 3 years of follow-up were EUR 14,887,599, EUR 20,544,056, and EUR 47,811,835 for non-, mild, and moderate–severe groups, respectively. The long-term costs incurred with cGVHD following HSCT continue to be very high and significantly impacted by cGVHD severity. This study adds real-world health resource and economic insight relevant for policy-makers and healthcare providers when considering the clinical challenge of balancing immunosuppression to reduce cGVHD.
Pile driving and submarine slope stability: a hybrid engineering approach
Authors: Lamens P. , Askarinejad A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDuring pile installation into a submerged, sandy slope, liquefaction mechanisms including flow and cyclic liquefaction warrant attention. Because of the interconnection of these mechanisms, evaluating slope stability during and as a result of vibration-inducing construction activity is not trivial. This paper presents a practical approach to such an evaluation. The primary focus of any slope stability analysis must lie with flow liquefaction as the form of failure with the most hazardous potential. Given the importance of excess pore water pressure in giving rise to (delayed) slope failures due to cyclic loading events, excess pore pressure (EPP) generation and dissipation is the mechanism of most interest in modelling cyclic liquefaction. Currently, no engineering method exists which is able to capture the interconnected processes. Therefore, a hybrid model, consisting of a numerical tool which computes EPP generation and dissipation in time, is combined with empirical relations to describe the decay of EPPs generated due to pile driving in space and time. The proposed numerical tool predicts the evolution of EPP in a one-dimensional soil column close to a vibratory-driven pile, taking into account sustained static shear stresses, interim drainage, and pre-shearing. Radial EPP dissipation is considered the dominant mode of drainage. This engineering tool fits within a holistic slope stability analysis procedure, which is demonstrated for a submerged slope in the IJmuiden harbour of the Netherlands, where mooring piles and sheet piles are installed through a relatively loose layer of sand.
Mass balance calibration and reservoir representations for large-scale hydrological impact studies using SWAT+
Authors: Chawanda Celray James , Arnold Jeffrey , Thiery Wim , van Griensven Ann 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClimate change (CC) has a high impact on hydrological processes which calls for reliable projections of CC hydrological impacts at large scales. However, there are several challenges in hydrological modelling at large scales. Large-scale models are often not adapted and evaluated at regional scale due to high computation time requirements or lack of information on human interactions, such as dam operations and irrigation practices at local scale. In this study, we present a regionalised methodology that uses a hydrological mass balance calibration (HMBC) and global datasets to represent reservoir and irrigation practices and apply these to a SWAT+ model for Southern Africa. We evaluate the influence of HMBC and the representation on irrigation and reservoirs on model performance and climate projections. We propose a generalised implementation of reservoirs using global datasets and decision tables to represent irrigation and reservoir management. Results show that inclusion of irrigation, reservoirs and HMBC leads to improved simulation of discharge and evapotranspiration with fewer iterations than a full parameter calibration. There is a substantial difference between projections made by the regionalised model and default model when looking at local impacts. We conclude that large-scale hydrological studies that involve local analysis and spatial mapping of results benefit from HMBC and representation of management practices. The proposed methodology can be scaled up and improve overall projections made by global models.
Unaligned connections or enlarging engagements? Tertiary education in developing countries and the implementation of the SDGs
Authors: Unterhalter Elaine , Howell Colleen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGiven that tertiary education (TE) is a sector often associated with exclusion, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where only a small proportion of the population gain access, how well placed is this sector to support the implementation of the SDGs? This article extends our reflections from a recent rigorous review of literature, published from 2010, which looked at the role of tertiary education in low- and lower-middle-income countries. The review noted the sparse literature on a range of development outcomes, with limited attention to some of the key themes of inclusion and sustainability associated with the SDGs. Many studies report on some form of limited connection between TE and development outcomes, also drawing attention to contextual conditions beyond TE that contribute to this. The article considers the reasons for these findings, and some of the difficulties of forming conclusions on a still limited base of research evidence. A second theme in the literature reviewed highlights that where TE establishes partnerships, engagements or cross-institutional alliances, joint and valuable learning in support of the SDGs ensues, enhancing practice and building institutions. Some of the implications of these findings for the positioning of TE in developing countries in the wake of COVID-19 are considered.