bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lumbar Lordosis Morphology Correlates to Erector Spinae Muscularity in Asymptomatic Asian Adults
Authors: Wang Guodong , Li Yang , Sun Jianmin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

It is still blank on the relationship between lumbar lordosis morphology and paraspinal muscle in asymptomatic Asian adults. The study aims to investigate the relationships.
Methods

87 asymptomatic adults aged between 18 and 45 years old were enrolled in the retrospective study. Lumbar lordosis morphology, consisting of total lumbar lordosis (LL), proximal lumbar lordosis (PLL), distal lumbar lordosis (DLL), lumbar lordosis apex (LLA) and inflexion point (IP), was evaluated, as well as pelvic incidence (PI) and muscularity of erector spinae (ES) and multifidus (MF). Pearson correlation was performed to analyze the relationship between each other parameter. Cases were stratified according to pelvic incidence (very low < 30°, low 30°-45°, moderate 45°-60°, and high > 60°), comparison between groups was performed by univariance analysis.
Results

PLL revealed a correlation with LLA (r = 0.603, p = 0.002) and inflexion point (r = 0.536, p = 0.004), but did not DLL with LL apex (r = 0.204, p = 0.058) or inflexion point (r = 0.210, p = 0.051). PI revealed a greater correlation with PLL (r=-0.673, p < 0.001) than with DLL (r=-0.237, p = 0.045). Linear stepwise regression analysis also exhibited the correlation between PI and PLL (R2 = 0.452, PLL = 16.2–0.61*PI, p < 0.001). ES muscularity correlated with LL apex (r=-0.279, p = 0.014) and inflexion point (r=-0.227, p = 0.047). Stratification by PI demonstrated PLL increased across groups (p < 0.001), but DLL was comparable between low and moderate PI group (p = 0.329).
Conclusion

Lumbar lordosis morphology correlates to erector spinae muscularity. Proximal lumbar lordosis has a bigger correlation with pelvic incidence than the distal lumbar lordosis. The results are helpful for restoring a rational lumbar lordosis shape in long fusion surgery.
Molecular Basis of Maintaining Circannual Rhythm in the Skin of Cashmere Goat&nbsp;
Authors: Wu Jianghong , Li Yin , Gong Husile , Wu Dubala , Li Chun , Liu Bin , Ding Lizhong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe cashmere goat (Capra hircus) is famous for the fine quality cashmere wool. The cashmere is produced by secondary hair follicle that shows seasonal rhythm in growth. Thus, in this study, the skin of cashmere goat was selected as a model to illustrate the circannual rhythm of skin. ResultsThe skin whole length transcriptome obtained by PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing (SMRT) technology were mixed from four selected months. The transcriptome yielded 82,382 high quality non-redundant transcripts belonging to 193,310 genes, including 4,237 novel genes. Other 39 skin transcriptomes sequenced by Illumina Hi-Seq2500 were sampled from Dec. 2014 to Dec. 2015, from which we found 980 genes were differentially expressed. Of these genes, 403 seasonal rhythm genes (SRGs) were expressed and exhibited a seasonal pattern in skin. Some SRG genes related to the hormone secretion and eyes morphogenesis were enriched in skin. These SRG genes gradually increased their expression level under short light, reached the peak near the summer solstice, and then began to decline. We found that the expression of Dio1 gene may be affected by the photoperiod that induces transformation from the inactive T4 to active thyroid hormone T3 in the skin and led to the difference between the skin circannual rhythm and the core circannual rhythm. The results also showed that miRNAs were differentially expressed as the daylight length changed throughout a year. Furthermore, the skin expressed eye morphogenesis-related genes and miRNAs, which suggested some cells in the skin could have the potential of light sensitivity. ConclusionTaking together, these results revealed that SRGs could regulate the downstream gene expression and physiological process in the skin to adapt to the season change. We provided a hypothesis to describe how goat skin makes the own rhythm and gets the clue from the environment factor.
Association Between Length of Residence and Prevalence of Mrsa Colonization Among Residents in Geriatric Long-term Care Facilities
Authors: Sasahara Teppei , Ae Ryusuke , Yoshimura Akio , Kosami Koki , Sasaki Kazumasa , Kimura Yumiko , Akine Dai , Ogawa Masanori , Hamabata Kenji , Hatakeyama Shuji , Cui Longzhu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: A high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization has been reported among residents in geriatric long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Some studies indicate that MRSA might be imported from hospitals into LTCFs via resident transfer; however, other studies report that high MRSA prevalence might be caused by cross-transmission inside LTCFs. We aimed to assess which factors have a large impact on the high MRSA prevalence among residents of geriatric LTCFs.Methods: We conducted a cohort study among 260 residents of four geriatric LTCFs in Japan. Dividing participants into two cohorts, we separately analyzed (1) the association between prevalence of MRSA carriage and length of LTCF residence (Cohort 1: n=204), and (2) proportion of residents identified as MRSA negative who were initially tested at admission but subsequently identified as positive in secondary testing performed at ≥2 months after their initial test (Cohort 2: n=79).Results: Among 204 residents in Cohort 1, 20 (9.8%) were identified as positive for MRSA. Compared with residents identified as MRSA negative, a larger proportion of MRSA-positive residents had shorter periods of residence from the initial admission (median length of residence: 5.5 vs. 2.8 months), although this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.084). Among 79 residents in Cohort 2, 60 (75.9%) were identified as MRSA negative at the initial testing. Of these 60 residents, only one (1.7%) had subsequent positive conversion in secondary MRSA testing. In contrast, among 19 residents identified as MRSA positive in the initial testing, 10 (52.6%) were negative in secondary testing.Conclusions: The prevalence of MRSA was lower among residents with longer periods of LTCF residence than among those with shorter periods. Furthermore, few residents were found to become MRSA carrier after their initial admission. These findings highlight that MRSA in LTCFs is most likely to be associated with resident transfer rather than spread via cross-transmission inside LTCFs.
Medical Student’s Perceptions of the Mentoring Program: A Survey from Religious Medical School in Taiwan
Authors: Tseng Ting-Chun , Chen Tsung-Ying , Chu Shao-Yin , Wang Hung-Che , Chang Ching-Yuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Tzu Chi University (TCU) in Taiwan offers a mentoring program that differs from others since it comprises triple mentors: faculty mentors, Tzu Cheng/Yi De (TC/YDs who are senior volunteers), and school counselors. This study aimed to analyze medical student’s perceptions of the triple mentors’ role functions using a self-developed assessment tool.Methods: The Role Functions of the Mentoring Program Scale (RFMPS) was developed through literature reviews, focus groups, and underwent exploratory factor analysis for internal consistency and reliability. The RFMPS consists of 16 items measuring the triple mentors’ role functions on a five-point Likert scale. Items covered four role functions: mental counseling, educational guidance, career counseling, and humanistic/moral guidance. Student’s perceptions were collected through an online survey and analyzed using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).Results: The overall response rate was 64% (116/171). Faculty mentors provided students with preferable guidance counseling in all four role functions; TC/YDs particularly offered prominent humanistic/moral guidance and career counseling; school counselors were less preferred and guided students in need. Besides, students were evenly guided regarding their gender and year. The RFMPS was a reliable tool for evaluating the mentoring program as a whole.Conclusions: Faculty mentors, TC/YDs, and school counselors comprehensively performed their role functions in the mentoring program. Humanistic/moral guidance is current and comparable to educational, career, and mental guidance counseling; the mentoring program can extend its scope by including humanistic, moral, or spiritual connotations.
Amyloid precursor protein causes fusion of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies in human hippocampal areas with high plaque load
Authors: Marks David , Heinen Natalie , Bachmann Lisa , Meermeyer Sophia , Werner Michelle , Villarejo Lucia Gallego , Hemmerich Peter , Bader Verian , Winklhofer Konstanze , Schröder Elisabeth , Knauer Shirley K , Müller Thorsten 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a type I transmembrane protein with unknown physiological function. Amyloidogenic processing of APP causes the generation of different cleavage products amongst b-amyloid and the APP C-terminal (APP-CT) fragment.METHODS1D, cerebral organoid 3D cell culture and human hippocampal post-mortem tissue were used to study APP-CT signalling in combination with immunofluorescence, -precipitation, confocal and STED imaging.RESULTSThe current study demonstrates that APP-CT signals to the nucleus causing the generation of dynamic aggregates consisting of FE65 and the tumour suppressors p53 and PML. PML aggregates fuse over time depending on the APP nuclear signalling and complexes of the APP-CT/p53/PML and FE65 are present in the aged human post-mortem brain but not in cerebral organoids. Precise quantification revealed that AD brains show a significant loss of these nuclear aggregates in areas with high plaque load. The PML aggregates are co-localized to the herpes simplex virus in the human brain.CONCLUSIONSOur data show that APP-CT signalling recruits the nuclear PML body machinery and is of central relevance for neurodegeneration in AD with a potential function in viral defence.
Association Between First-Trimester Intrauterine Hematoma and Twin Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ji Wanqing , Zheng Jie , Li Weidong , Guo Fang , Hou Bo , He Ping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: In recent years, we have found that first-trimester intrauterine hematoma in twin pregnancy has become increasingly common. The majority of studies on intrauterine hematoma have excluded twin pregnancies, while others did not differentiate between singleton and twin pregnancies. The associations in twin pregnancy are not clear. Therefore, the primary objective of our study was to examine the associations between first-trimester intrauterine hematoma and pregnancy outcomes in twin pregnancy. Material and methods: 1020 twin pregnancies in women who underwent a routine examination from January 2014 to December 2018 were enrolled. According to the presence or absence of intrauterine hematoma, we compared the baseline data and pregnancy outcomes between two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for possible confounding factors. Results: A total of 209 patients (21.3%) developed intrauterine hematoma in the first trimester. First-trimester intrauterine hematoma was significantly associated with increased odds of miscarriage (adjusted odds ratio 14.27, 95% CI 8.25-24.70) and the vanishing twin syndrome (adjusted odds ratio 3.26, 95% CI 1.11-4.61). However, It did not have increased odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes after 20 Weeks of Gestation .In the final regression model analysis, the associations of hematoma with previous miscarriage history, accepted assisted conception, accompanying vaginal bleeding and miscarriage and vanishing twin syndrome were no longer significant. No association was found between hematoma size or the presence of vaginal bleeding and the risk of pregnancy loss or the vanishing twin syndrome before 20 weeks of gestation (P>0.05). Conclusion: In women with twin pregnancies, the presence of intrauterine hematoma in the first trimester was associated with one or both fetal losses before 20 weeks of gestation. However, chorionicity in twins, the conception method, the intrauterine hematoma size and the presence of vaginal bleeding were not independently associated with pregnancy loss.
Optimizing Literature Search: TEMAS, A New Text-mining Algorithm-assisted Search Tool
Authors: Bonnet Emmanuel , Jean-Pierre Daurès , Paul Landais 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Literature search is challenging when thousands of articles are potentially involved. To facilitate literature search we created TEMAS a Text Mining Algorithm-assisted Search tool that we compared to a PubMed reference search (RS) in the context of etiological epidemiology.Methods: The 4 steps of TEMAS are: 1) a classic PubMed global search 2) a first sort removing articles without abstracts or containing off-topic terms 3) a clustering step with a descending hierarchical classification regrouping articles in independent classes 4) a final sort extracting from the targeted class the abstracts containing the terms of interest, with a link to the corresponding PubMed articles. Validation was performed for risk factors of breast cancer. We estimated the precision and recall rate compared to RS. Average precision and discounted cumulative gain (DCG) were also computed to perform a ranking-based evaluation. We also compared TEMAS results with articles selected in two meta-analyses.Results: For risk factors of breast cancer, breastfeeding, mammographic density, oral contraceptive, and menarche were explored. TEMAS consistently increased precision vs RS (from 23% to 32%), with a recall rate from 95% to 97%, and divided the number of selected articles to read from 2.3 to 4.8 times. Mean average precision for 100 articles was 47.4% for TEMAS vs 20.9% for PubMed ranked by best match, and DCG showed a consistent improvement for TEMAS compared to PubMed best match.Discussion: TEMAS divided the results of a literature search by 3.2, and improved the precision rate, the average precision, and the DCG compared to RS for epidemiological studies. Reducing the number of selected articles inevitably impacted the recall rate. However, it remained satisfactory and did not bias the corpus of information. Moreover, the recall rate was 100% for the two meta-analyses we analyzed, which suggests that the loss of recall rate observed above concerned articles not relevant enough to be included in the meta-analyses.Conclusion: TEMAS provides a user-friendly interface for non-specialists of literature search confronted with thousands of articles and appeared useful for meta-analyses.
Screening of Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in High-Risk Patients in Khuzestan Province, Southwestern Iran
Authors: Ashiri Alireza , Rafiei Abdollah , Beiromvand Molouk , Khanzadeh Abdollah , Alghasi Arash 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Strongyloidiasis, one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), can be fatal in immunocompromised patients. Available data on Strongyloides stercoralis infection in high-risk patients in Iran; however, is limited. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of S. stercoralis infection and associated risk factors among high-risk patients, as well as to evaluate the accuracy of the diagnostic tests used in the diagnose of S. stercoralis infection. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed during 2019 to 2020 among 300 high-risk patients in Khuzestan Province, southwestern Iran. Patients with autoimmune diseases, uncontrolled diabetes, HIV/AIDS, cancer, organ transplant, hematologic malignancy, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were examined using direct smear examination, formalin-ether concentration, Baermann funnel technique, agar plate culture, and ELISA test. Culture-positive samples were confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing of the nuclear 18S rDNA (SSU) hypervariable region (HVRIV) of the parasite.Results: The prevalence of S. stercoralis infection was 1%, 1.3%, 2%, 2.7%, and 8.7% using direct smear examination, formalin-ether concentration, Baermann funnel technique, agar plate culture, and ELISA test, respectively. All culture-positive samples were confirmed by SSU-PCR. According to the results, the most sensitive test was ELISA, with 100% sensitivity, followed by Baermann funnel technique with sensitivity of 75%. Direct smear examination, formalin-ether concentration technique, and Baermann funnel technique had the highest PPV (100%), while ELISA test had the highest NPV (100%). Eosinophilia significantly was observed in patients whose culture test were positive (7/8; p= 0.001). Of these, 5 patients had a history of asthma and COPD. In the present study, the majority of the positive cases by the agar plate culture had a history of prolonged exposure to soil, history of asthma and COPD, and were over the ages of 60. In two cases, S. stercoralis larva was observed 6 months and 8 months after treatment with albendazole.Conclusions: Given that the ELISA test had the highest NPV, screening of all high-risk patients for S. stercoralis infection in endemic areas is recommended prior to starting corticosteroid therapy with ELISA test. Ivermectin should be available to the strongyloidiasis patients in the endemic areas.
DNAJA1 dysregulates metabolism promoting an anti-apoptotic phenotype in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Roth Heidi , Bhinderwala Fatema , Franco Rodrigo , Zhou You , Powers Robert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAt less than 7%, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the poorest 5-year cancer survival rates and is set to be the leading cause of cancer related deaths by 2030. The co-chaperone protein DNAJA1 (HSP40) is downregulated four-fold in pancreatic cancer cells, but its impact on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression remains unclear.MethodsDNAJA1 was overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cell lines, BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2, through retroviral transfection. The impact of overexpressing DNAJA1 was investigated using a combination of untargeted metabolomics, stable isotope resolved metabolomics (SIRM), confocal microscopy, flow-cytometry, and cell-based assays.ResultsPancreatic cancer cells overexpressing DNAJA1 exhibited a global metabolomic change. Specifically, differential output from Warburg glycolysis, an increase in redox currency, and an alteration in amino acid levels were observed in both overexpression cell lines. DNAJA1 overexpression also led to mitochondrial fusion, an increase in the expression of Bcl-2, a modest protection from redox induced cell death, a loss of structural integrity due to the loss of actin fibers, and an increase in cell invasiveness in BxPC-3. These differences were more pronounced in BxPC-3, which contains a loss-of-function mutation in the tumor suppressing gene SMAD4.ConclusionsThe overexpression of DNAJA1 promoted cellular proliferation, redox tolerance, invasiveness, and anti-apoptosis, which suggests DNAJA1 has numerous regulatory roles. Overall, our findings suggest a proto-oncogenic role of DNAJA1 in PDAC progression and suggests DNAJA1 may function synergistically with other proteins with altered activity in pancreatic cancer cell lines.
Assessing Neo-Natal Mortality Trends in Pakistan: An Insight Using Equity Lens
Authors: Dawood Zainab , Majeed Naeem 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Almost 2.5 million children died in the first year of life in the year 2017. These account for almost half of the total deaths of children under the age of five years. Overall, child mortality has declined over the past two decades. Comparatively, the pace of decline in neonatal mortality has remained much slow. Significant inequalities in health across a number of dimensions – including wealth, ethnicity, and geography – continue to exist both between and within countries, and these contribute to neonatal mortality. This study aims to quantify the magnitude of inequalities in neonatal mortality trends by wealth quintile and place of residence with province wise segregation. Methods: The study was done using raw data from the last three Pakistan Demographic & Health Surveys (20017-18, 2012-13 and 2006-7). The concentration curves were drawn in Microsoft Excel 365 using scatter plot as graph type while the frequencies were calculated using SPSS 24. Results: The situation of inequity across provinces and in rural vs urban areas has slightly declined, however, gross inequities continue to exist.Conclusions: Presentation of outcomes data, such as neonatal mortality in various wealth quintiles is an effective way to highlight the inequities amongst income groups as it highlights the vulnerable and at-risk groups. In other countries, rural-urban distribution, or ethnic groups may also reflect similar differences and help in identifying high-risk groups.
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome in Postpartum Patient With Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: A Case Report
Authors: Yang Yi , Zuo Jiacai , Li Shuhua , Zhang Shanshan , Duan Jinfeng , Zhang Yun , Tang Yufeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundReversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a rare secondary headache disorder. It may have possibly fatal consequences but its pathophysiological basis is still debated. Herein, we presented a rare case of postpartum patient with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) suffered RCVS. Case presentationA 29-year-old nulliparous female underwent SIH as a result of painless labor and the clinical symptom of postural headache was relieved with a conservative treatment. Two days later, she suffered new-onset thunderclap headache with cortical blindness and generalized seizure; meanwhile, arterial pressure was higher than the normal value. MRI scan found FLAIR hyperintensities in the right cerebellum, left caudate nucleus and bilateral frontotemporal parietal occipital lobes with predominant vasogenic edema. Simultaneously, MR angiography revealed segmental vasoconstriction involving arteries of anterior and posterior cerebral circulations. Taken together, these findings were in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of RCVS and the abnormal MRI hypersignals were mostly consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). On day 10, she recovered completely and previous abnormal signals disappeared markedly with the treatment of bed rest, high-dose fluids, non-steroidal drug, calcium channel blocker and antiepileptic drug.ConclusionsRCVS can occur in postpartum patients with SIH, and PRES may also encounter in these cases. A heightened awareness of the disease accompanied by typical clinical and imaging features are associated with an early diagnosis and a better prognosis.