bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Ho Chi Minh City: a retrospective study of 2,266 cases from 2011 to 2015
Authors: Van Le Hong , Phu Phan Trieu , Vinh Dao Nguyen , Son Vo Thanh , Hanh Nguyen Thi , Nhat Le Thanh Hoang , Lan Nguyen Huu , Vinh Truong Van , Trang Nguyen Thi Mai , Ha Dang Thi Minh , Thwaites Guy , Thuong Nguyen Thuy Thuong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a serious public health problem with poor treatment outcome. Predictors of poor outcomes vary in different regions. Vietnam is among the 30 countries with high burden of MDR-TB. We aim to describe demographic characteristics and identify risk factors for poor outcome of MDR-TB in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the most populous city in Vietnam. Methods: This retrospective study included 2,266 patients who initiated MDR-TB treatment from 2011 to 2015 in HCMC. Treatment outcomes were available in 2,240 patients. Data was collected from standardized paper-based treatment cards and electronic records. Kruskal Wallis test was used to diagnose the change of median of age and body mass index (BMI) over 5 years, and Wilcoxon test to compare median BMI of patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Chi squared test was used to compare categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression on multiple imputation was used to identify risk factors for poor outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using R program. Results: Among 2,266 eligible cases, 60.2% were failure of category I or II regimen, 57.7% were underweight, 30.2% had diabetes mellitus and 9.6% were HIV positive. Notification rate increased 24.7% from 2011 to 2015.Treatment success rate was 73.3%. Risk factors for poor treatment outcome included HIV co-infection (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.94), advanced age (aOR: 1.45 for every increase of 5 years for patients 60 years or older), having history of MDR-TB treatment (aOR: 5.53), sputum smear grade scanty and 1+ (aOR: 1.47), smear grade 2+ or 3+ (aOR: 2.06), low BMI (aOR: 0.83 for every increase of 1kg/m2 of BMI for patients with BMI<21). Conclusion: Our study describes the increasing cases of MDR-TB in HCMC during 2011 to 2015. Patients with HIV, high smear grade, malnutrition and history of previous MDR-TB treatment should receive additional care. Keywords: multidrug resistant tuberculosis; retrospective; treatment outcome; risk factors; Vietnam
Comparison between Ultrasound-guided TIVAD via the right innominate vein and the right internal jugular vein approach
Authors: Sun Xingwei , Bai Xuming , Shen Jiaofeng , Yu Ziyang , Zhuang Zhixiang , Jin Yong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of right internal jugular vein (IJV) approach and right innominate vein (INV) approach for US-guided totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs), and to explore the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches. Methods: Six hundred and nineteen adult patients had long-term infusion and chemotherapy needs and inconvenience of peripheral venous infusion. Right INV approach was used to implant 339 cases of TIVADs, and right IJV approach was used to implant 280 cases of TIVADs. The success rate of one-time catheterization and the incidence of complications in the two groups were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All patients were successfully implanted in TIVAD. The success rates of one-time puncture in INV group and IJV approach group were 98.53% (334/339) and 95.36% (267/280), respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (P=0.020). The incidence of perioperative complications was 1.18% (4/339) and the long-term complications was 3.54% (12/339) in the right INV group. The incidence of perioperative complications was 1.43% (4/280) and the long-term complications was 3.93% (11/280) in the right INV group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P=0.785，P=0.799, respectively). Conclusions: US-guided TIVADs via the right INV approach and the right IJV approach are both safe and reliable. The right INV approach improves the one-time puncture success rate, as long as the technique is properly operated, serious complications rarely occur.
Improvement and Use of CRISPR/Cas9 to Engineer a Sperm-marking Strain for the Invasive Fruit Pest Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Ahmed Hassan M. M. , Hildebrand Luisa , Wimmer Ernst A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The invasive fruit pest Drosophila suzukii was reported for the first time in Europe and the USA in 2008 and has spread since then. The adoption of type II clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) as a tool for genome manipulation provides new ways to develop novel biotechnologically-based pest control approaches. Stage or tissue-specifically expressed genes are of particular importance in the field of insect biotechnology. The enhancer/promoter of the spermatogenesis-specific beta-2-tubulin (β2t) gene was used to drive the expression of fluorescent proteins or effector molecules in testes of agricultural pests and diseases vectors for sexing, monitoring, and reproductive biology studies. Here, we demonstrate an improvement to CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing in D. suzukii and establish a sperm-marking system. Results: To improve genome editing, we isolated and tested the D. suzukii endogenous promoters of the small nuclear RNA gene U6 to drive the expression of a guide RNA and the Ds heat shock protein 70 promoter to express Cas9. For comparison, we used recombinant Cas9 protein and in vitro transcribed gRNA as a preformed ribonucleoprotein. We demonstrate the homology-dependent repair (HDR)-based genome editing efficiency by applying a previously established transgenic line that expresses DsRed ubiquitously as a target platform. In addition, we isolated the Ds_β2t gene and used its promoter to drive the expression of a red fluorescence protein in the sperm. A transgenic sperm-marking strain was then established by the improved HDR-based genome editing. Conclusion: The deployment of the endogenous promoters of the D. suzukii U6 and hsp70 genes to drive the expression of gRNA and Cas9, respectively, enabled the effective application of helper plasmid co-injections instead of preformed ribonucleoproteins used in previous reports for HDR-based genome editing. The sperm-marking system should help to monitor the success of pest control campaigns in the context of the Sterile Insect Technique and provides a tool for basic research in reproductive biology of this invasive pest. Furthermore, the promoter of the β2t gene can be used in developing novel transgenic pest control approaches. The CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used as an additional tool for the modification of previously established transgenes.
A comparative study of mothers of infants hospitalized in an open ward neonatal intensive care unit and a combined pod and single-family room design
Authors: Feeley Nancy , Robins Stephanie , Genest Christine , Stremler Robyn , Zelkowitz Phyllis , Charbonneau Lyne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The well-being of mothers of infants requiring Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) hospitalization may be affected by the architectural design of the unit. A few recent studies suggest there may be some drawbacks of single-family rooms (SFRs) for infants and their mothers, such as isolation of mothers and reduced exposure to auditory stimulation for infants. Purpose: To compare NICU-stress, symptoms of depression, perceptions of nurse-parent support and family-centered care, sleep disturbances, breastfeeding self-efficacy and readiness for discharge in mothers of infants cared for in an open ward (OW) to those cared for in a unit that includes both pods and SFRs. Methods: A pre-post quasi-experimental study was conducted in a Canadian level 3 unit before and after transitioning to a new unit of 6-bed pods and SFRs. OW data were collected in 2014 and pod/SFR data one year after the transition in 2017 to 2018. Mothers of infants hospitalized for at least 2 weeks completed questionnaires about stress, depressive symptoms, support, family-centered care, and sleep disturbances. In the week prior to discharge, they responded to breastfeeding self-efficacy and readiness for discharge questionnaires. They described their presence in the NICU at enrolment and again prior to discharge. Results: Pod/SFR mothers reported significantly less overall NICU-stress compared to OW mothers. OW mothers had greater sights and sounds stress and felt more restricted in their parental role. Pod/SFR mothers reported greater respect from staff. Controlling for maternal education, pod/SFR mothers perceived their infant’s readiness for discharge to be greater than OW mothers. There were no significant differences between groups in depressive symptoms, nurse-parent support, sleep disturbances, and breastfeeding self-efficacy. At enrolment and again in the weeks preceding discharge, pod/SFR mothers were present significantly more hours per week than OW mothers, controlling for maternal education. Conclusions: Further study of small pods is indicated as these units may be less stressful for parents, and enhance family-centered care, as well as maternal presence, compared to OWs.
Inhibition of Type I Interferon Signaling Abrogates Early Mycobacterium bovis Infection
Authors: Wang Jie , Hussain Tariq , Zhang Kai , Liao Yi , Yao Jiao , Song Yinjuan , Sabir Naveed , Cheng Guangyu , Dong Haodi , Li Miaoxuan , Ni Jiamin , Mangi Mazhar Hussain , Zhao Deming , Zhou Xiangmei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is the principal causative agent of bovine tuberculosis; however, it may also cause serious infection in human being. Type I IFN is a key factor in reducing viral multiplication and modulating host immune response against viral infection. However, the regulatory pathways of Type I IFN signaling during M. bovis infection are not yet fully explored. Here, we investigate the role of Type I IFN signaling in the pathogenesis of M. bovis infection in mice.
Methods: C57BL/6 mice were treated with IFNAR1-blocking antibody or Isotype control 24 hour before M. bovis infection. After 21 and 84 days of infection, mice were sacrificed and the role of Type I IFN signaling in the pathogenesis of M. bovis was investigated. ELISA and qRT-PCR were performed to detect the expression of Type I IFNs and related genes. Lung lesions induced by M. bovis were assessed by histopathological examination.Viable bacterial count was determined by CFU assay.
Results: We observed an abundant expression of Type I IFNs in the serum and lung tissues of M. bovis infected mice. In vivo blockade of Type I IFN signaling reduced the recruitment of neutrophils to the lung tissue, mediated the activation of macrophages leading to an increased pro-inflammatory profile and regulated the inflammatory cytokine production. However, no impact was observed on T cell activation and recruitment in the early acute phase of infection. Additionally, blocking of type I IFN signaling reduced bacterial burden in the infected mice as compared to untreated infected mice.
Conclusions: Altogether, our results reveal that Type I IFN mediates a balance between M. bovis-mediated inflammatory reaction and host defense mechanism. Thus, modulating Type I IFN signaling could be exploited as a therapeutic strategy against a large repertoire of inflammatory disorders including tuberculosis.
Women’s empowerment is associated with maternal nutrition and low birth weight: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Kabir Alamgir , Rashid Md Mahbubur , Hossain Kamal , Khan Md Arifuzzaman , Shikder Shegufta Shefa , Gidding Heather F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
The burden of maternal undernutrition and low birth weight (LBW) incurs enormous economic costs due to their adverse consequences. Women’s empowerment is believed to be one of the key factors for attaining maternal and child health and nutritional goals. Our objective was to investigate the association of women’s empowerment with maternal undernutrition and LBW.
Methods
We used nationally representative data from the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey for 2011 and 2014. We analysed 27,357 women and 9,234 mother-child pairs. A women’s empowerment index (WEI) was constructed using principal component analysis. We estimated odds ratios as the measure of association between the WEI and the outcome measures using generalized estimating equations to account for the cluster level correlation.
Results
The overall prevalence of maternal undernutrition was 20% and LBW was 18%. The WEI was significantly associated with both maternal undernutrition and LBW with a dose-response relationship. The adjusted odds of having a LBW baby was 32% [AOR (95% CI):0.68 (0.57, 0.82)] lower in the highest quartile of the WEI relative to the lowest quartile. Household wealth significantly modified the effect of the WEI on maternal nutrition.; in the highest wealth quintile, the odds of maternal undernutrition was 54% [AOR (95% CI): 0.46 (0.33, 0.64)] lower while in the lowest wealth quintile the odds of undernutrition was only 18% [AOR (95% CI): 0.82 (0.67, 1.00)] lower comparing the highest WEI quartile with the lowest WEI quartile. However, the absolute differences in prevalence of undernutrition between the highest and lowest WEI quartiles were similar across wealth quintiles (6-8%).
Conclusions
This study used a comprehensive measure of women’s empowerment and provides strong evidence that low levels of women’s empowerment is associated with maternal undernutrition as well as with delivering LBW babies in Bangladesh. Therefore, policies to increase empowerment of women would contribute to improved public health.
Youth Working in Tobacco Farming: Effects on Smoking Behavior and Association with Health Status
Authors: Alderete Ethel , Livaudais-Toman Jennifer , Kaplan Celia , Gregorich Steven E. , Mejía Raúl , Perez-stable Eliseo J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Cultivation of tobacco raises concerns about detrimental health and social consequences for youth, but tobacco producing countries only highlight economic benefits. We compared sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of school-age youth who worked and did not work in tobacco farming and assessed the effects on smoking behavior and health at one year.Methods We used existing data collected in the province of Jujuy, Argentina where 3188 youth 13 to 17 years of age from a random middle school sample responded to longitudinal questionnaires in 2005 and 2006. Multivariate logistic regression models predicted association of tobacco farming work with health status and smoking behavior at one year.Results 22.8% of youth in the tobacco growing areas of the province were involved in tobacco farming. The mean age of initiation to tobacco farming was 12.6 years. Youth working in farming had higher rates of fair or poor versus good or excellent self-perceived health (30.3% vs. 19.0%), having a serious injury (48.5% vs. 38.5%), being injured accidentally by someone else (7.5% vs. 4.6%), being assaulted (5.5% vs. 2.6%), and being poisoned by exposure to chemicals (2.5% vs. 0.7%). Youth working in tobacco farming also had higher prevalence of ever (67.9% vs. 55.2%), current (48.0% vs. 32.6%) and established smoking (17.8% vs. 9.9%). In multivariate logistic regression models tobacco farming in 2005 was associated with significant increased reporting of serious injury (OR=1.4; 95%CI 1.1-2.0), accidental injury by someone else (OR=1.5; 95% 1.0-2.1), assault (OR=2.2; 95% CI 1.3-3.8), and poisoning by exposure to chemicals (OR=2.5; 95% CI 1.2-5.4). Tobacco farming in 2005 predicted established smoking one year later (OR=1.5; 95% CI 1.1-2.0).Conclusion Youth who work in tobacco faming face a challenging burden of adversities that increase their vulnerability. Risk assessments should guide public policies to protect underage youth working in tobacco farming. (298 words)
Factors associated with the self-management practices of Type 2 diabetes among the middle-aged population of rural area of Pakistan
Authors: Ansari Rashid M , Harris Mark , Hosseinzadeh Hassan , Zwar Nicholas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: This study is aimed at identifying the factors associated with the self-management practices of type 2 diabetes among the middle-aged population of rural area of Pakistan. . Methods: The sample of participants was purposively recruited from the medical clinic of rural area of Pakistan. The participants (n=200) recruited were asked to complete the questionnaire following their informed consents. The study questionnaire consisted of three main sections: socio-demographics, the Urdu-version of Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (U-SDSCA), and the extended version of U-SDSCA. In addition, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level results were obtained from the medical clinic. The study explored the factors associated with the self-management practices of type 2 diabetes among the middle-aged population of rural area of Pakistan. Results: The current study has demonstrated that self-management activities level among the patients of type 2 diabetes in the rural area of Pakistan was not achieved in majority of patients, and that glycemic control was unsatisfactory. The medications sub-scale mean (Mean: 6.17 ± 1.18 SD) was the highest among all the U-SDSCA instrument sub-scales. The results of blood glucose monitoring subscale revealed that longer duration of diabetes ≥8 years) was associated significantly with poor glycemic control (Diff= -.299; p = .120). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that the participants’ characteristics accounted for 21% of the variability in the total self-management score (R²=0.211). In addition, women were more inclined to undertake appropriate diabetes self-management activities (β .302; p = .001). Conclusion: This study has identified the factors associated with the self-management activities among the patients with type 2 diabetes in rural area of Pakistan. In order to overcome the influence of these factors, healthcare professionals should pay special attention to the patients of middle-aged population of rural area of Pakistan and provide them educational programme that emphasizes lifestyle modification with importance of adherence to treatment and encourage them to make diabetes self-management activities as part of their day to day life.
Maternal H. pylori seropositivity is associated with gestational hypertension but is irrelevant to fetal growth and development in early childhood
Authors: Lai Fu-Ping , Tu Yi-Fang , Sheu Bor-Shyang , Yang Yao-Jong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori infection is known to alter growth-related hormones and affect growth in young children. However, it is still unknown whether maternal H. pylori infection has an impact on the levels of cord blood growth-related hormones and whether this can predict intrauterine growth restriction and poor physical and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. This study aimed to examine associations between maternal H. pylori infection and pregnancy-related adverse events, fetal growth and early childhood development. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we recruited singleton pregnant women without major medical illnesses from January 2014 to January 2015. Seropositivity for H. pylori was defined as >12 U/ml of anti-H. pylori IgG in maternal serum. Demographic data and pregnancy-related medical issues of the cohort were documented. Cord blood levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), insulin, and ghrelin were determined using ELISA. The growth of the included neonates was monitored annually for up to 3 years, and cognitive development was assessed using the comprehensive developmental inventory for infants and toddlers (CDIIT) test 3 years after birth. Results Of the 106 enrolled women, 25 (23.6%) were H. pylori-seropositive. Maternal H. pylori seropositivity was correlated with a higher risk of developing gestational hypertension (GH) (12% vs. 1.2%, p=0.04) and lower cord blood levels of IGF-1 (<35 ng/ml, 70.0% vs. 40.7%, p=0.02) and IGFBP-3 (<1120 ng/ml, 100.0% vs. 76.3%, p=0.02) compared with the seronegative women. No significant impacts on birth weight, childhood growth and cognitive development were found to be correlated with maternal H. pylori seropositivity during pregnancy. Conclusions Maternal H. pylori infection during pregnancy was more likely to lead to thedevelopment of GH, but was not correlated with fetal and childhood growth and development. In addition to close monitoring of hypertension, H. pylori eradication can be considered for mothers withH. pyloriinfection.
2019IL-33 and its decoy sST2 in patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Saresella Marina , Marventano Ivana , Piancone Federica , Rosa Francesca La , Galimberti Daniela , Fenoglio Chiara , Scarpini Elio , Clerici Mario 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Interleukin-33 is a cytokine endowed with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties that plays a still poorly defined role in the pathogenesis of a number of central nervous system (CNS) conditions including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We analyzed this cytokine and its decoy receptor sST2 in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Method: IL-33 and sST2 were analyzed in serum and CSF of AD and MCI patients, comparing the results to those obtained in age-matched healthy controls (HC). Because of the ambiguous role of IL-33 in inflammation, the concentration of both inflammatory (IL-1ß and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines was analyzed as well in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the same individuals. Finally, the effect of IL-33 in an in vitro system of Aß42-stimulated monocytes was examined. Results: As compared to HC: 1) IL-33 was significantly decreased in serum and CSF of AD and MCI; 2) sST2 was increased in serum of AD and MCI but was undetectable in CSF; 3) serum and CSF IL-1ß concentration was significantly increased and that of IL-10 was reduced in AD and MCI whereas no differences were observed in IL-6. In vitro addition of IL-33 to LPS+Aß 42-stimulated monocytes down regulated IL-1b generation in AD, MCI and HC and stimulated IL-10 production in HC alone. IL-33 addition also resulted in a significant reduction of NF-kB nuclear translocation in LPS+Aß42-stimulated monocytes of HC alone. Conclusions: These data support the hypothesis that IL-33 plays a complex anti-inflammatory role that is lost in AD- and MCI-associated neuroinflammation; results herein also suggest a possible use of IL-33 as a novel therapeutic approach in AD and MCI.