bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surficial fractures in the Navajo sandstone, south‐western USA: the roles of thermal cycles, rainstorms, granular disintegration, and iterative cracking
Authors: Loope David B. , Loope Garrison R. , Burberry Caroline M. , Rowe Clinton M. , Bryant Gerald C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDeep (> 5 m) sheeting fractures in the Navajo sandstone are evident at numerous sites in southern Utah and derive from tectonic stresses. Strong diurnal thermal cycles are, however, the likely triggers for shallow (< 0.3 m) sheeting fractures. Data from subsurface thermal sensors reveal that large temperature differences between sensors at 2 and 15 cm depth on clear summer afternoons are as great as those that trigger sheeting fractures in exposed California granite. Extensive polygonal patterns in the Navajo sandstone are composed of surface‐perpendicular fractures and were produced by contractile stresses. Numerous studies have shown that porewater diminishes the tensile strength of sandstone. Based on our thermal records, we propose that cooling during monsoonal rainstorms triggers polygonal fracturing of temporarily weakened rock. On steep outcrops, polygonal patterns are rectilinear and orthogonal, with T‐vertices. Lower‐angle slopes host hexagonal patterns (defined by the dominance of Y‐vertices). Intermediate patterns with rectangles and hexagons of similar scale are common. We posit that outcropping fractures are advancing downward by iterative steps, and that hexagons on sandstone surfaces (like prismatic columns of basalt) have evolved from ancestral orthogonal polygons of similar scale. In lava flows, fractures elongate intermittently as they follow a steep thermal gradient (the source of stress) as it rapidly moves through the rock mass. In our model, a steep, surficial thermal gradient descends through unfractured sandstone, but at the slow pace of granular disintegration. Through time, as the friable rock on stable slopes erodes, iterative cracking advances into new space. Hexagonal patterns form as new fractures, imperfectly guided by the older ones, propagate in new directions, and vertices drift into a configuration that minimizes the ratio of fracture length to polygon area. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artificial selection reveals the role of transcriptional constraints in the maintenance of life history variation
Authors: Pick Joel L. , Hatakeyama Masaomi , Ihle Kate E. , Gasparini Julien , Haussy Claudy , Ishishita Satoshi , Matsuda Yoichi , Yoshimura Takashi , Kanaoka Masahiro M. , Shimizu-Inatsugi Rie , Shimizu Kentaro K. , Tschirren Barbara 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe trade-off between reproduction and self-maintenance is a cornerstone of life history theory, yet its proximate underpinnings are elusive. Here, we used an artificial selection approach to create replicated lines of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) that differ genetically in their reproductive investment. Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed that females from lines selected for high reproductive output show a consistent upregulation of genes associated with reproduction but a simultaneous downregulation of immune genes. Concordant phenotypic differences in immune function (i.e., specific antibody response against keyhole limpet hemocyanin) were observed between the selection lines, even in males who do not provide parental care. Our findings demonstrate the key role of obligate transcriptional constraints in the maintenance of life history variation. These constraints set fundamental limits to productivity and health in natural and domestic animal populations.
Advisor–advisee feminist relational mentoring: A heartfelt autoethnographic conversation
Authors: Mokhtar Hasnaa , Foley Ellen E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAcademia is frequently a hostile place where students, pre‐tenure scholars, women, people of color, disabled, queer, transgender, and nonbinary people face perpetual challenges. “You do not belong here” or “you are not good enough” can feel like a constant refrain. Yet some students find their path and pursue their graduate studies with determination, or even passion, joy, and a sense of satisfaction. A successful mentoring relationship with a faculty member can contribute to that success. This article tells the story of how two very differently positioned women in academia forged a unique mentoring relationship that produced unexpected and positive outcomes. One measure of this relationship's success is the student's transformation from hesitant master's student to confident doctoral student pursuing a self‐designed multidisciplinary doctoral degree. Less tangibly but no less important, the increasingly reciprocal and horizontal nature of this mentoring relationship allowed both parties to take risks in their academic lives and to step into more liberatory modes of knowing and being in the academy. In this article we, a white American tenured faculty advisor and a Saudi‐American Muslim woman PhD advisee, trace some of the key turning points in this advising story through a duo‐autoethnographic (duoethnography: a collaborative research methodology in which two or more researchers juxtapose their life histories in order to provide multiple understandings of a social phenomenon) dialogue. We relay how our mentoring relationship allowed each of us to transcend our scripted academic roles and fostered an enabling environment for doctoral study and risky scholarship. We acknowledge that mentoring is not a one‐size‐fits‐all approach, yet we hope that by highlighting some dimensions of our relationship we might inform others seeking a feminist, relational, horizontal, supportive model for academic mentoring.
Anti‐obesity effect of Melandrium firmum Rohrbach extract in 3T3‐L1 cells and high‐fat diet‐induced obese C57BL/6N mice
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Yong , Kim Ju Hee , Zuo Guanglei , Lim Soon Sung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, we first investigated the influence of Melandrium firmum Rohrbach (MF) on the accumulation of lipid content in 3T3‐L1 cells and in vitro results showed that MF extraction suppressed the differentiation of 3T3‐L1 pre‐adipocytes in a concentration‐dependent manner without showing cytotoxicity. Hence, we studied the effects of MF on preventing obesity in C57BL/6N mice. The results showed that MF decreased food efficiency ratio, body weight, epididymal adipose and hepatic tissue weight, hepatic lipid metabolites, and triacylglycerol and cholesterol serum levels, when compared with the high‐fat diet group. Moreover, MF significantly inhibited the expression of genes related to adipogenesis, such as PPAR‐γ, C/EBP‐α, and aP2, and those related to lipogenesis, such as SREBP‐1c, FAS, SCD‐1, and CD36 in epididymal adipose and liver tissues. These anti‐adipogenic and anti‐lipogenic effects of MF suggest that it could be used as a food including potential functional ingredient to prevent high‐fat diet‐induced obesity.
The market quality of commodity futures markets
Authors: Liu Qingfu , Luo Qian , Tse Yiuman , Xie Yuchi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo study the market quality of commodity futures markets, we construct a commodity futures market quality index from the perspective of liquidity, efficiency, and volatility. Based on the market quality index, the Chinese commodity futures market operates steadily. The metal futures market is more efficient and stable than the market for agricultural futures. The Chinese commodity futures market is less liquid and more volatile than the U.S. market. We examine the determinants of market quality and find that macroeconomic variables and futures market contracts are significantly related to the market quality of Chinese commodity futures.
Assessment of glacier‐ and snowmelt‐driven streamflow in the arid middle Tianshan Mountains of China
Authors: Liu Yan , Xu Jianhui , Lu Xinyu , Nie Lei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDue to limitations in transport and communication infrastructures and difficulties in accessing glaciers, it is challenging to monitor snow and glaciers. In this study, the enhanced Utah Energy Balance (UEB) with a glacier melt model and snow above and below the forest ablation algorithm is used to assess the contributions of snow and glacier melting in three typical inland river basins (MRB, URB and KRB) in the middle Tianshan Mountains of China from 2002 to 2014. Forced by the spatial downscaling of the China meteorological forcing dataset (CMFD) coupled with other parameters, the model simulates the total surface water balance using surface water input from snowmelt, glacial melt and rainfall. Model simulations reveal that although the MRB, URB and KRB are all located on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, there are obvious differences in their water resource composition characteristics. Different from the URB, which is mainly replenished by glacial melt and had an average annual percentage of glacial melt of approximately 39% of the total surface water from 2009 to 2014, the MRB and KRB are mainly supplied by snowmelt and rainfall and both had an average annual percentage of snowmelt of approximately 37%. Although snowmelt is an important source of water to inland rivers, especially during the snowmelt season, the contributions of snowmelt in these three basins are very small especially for the URB, which had a contribution of 17%. This study effectively verifies the applicability of the CMFD and provides important scientific and technological support for determining the spatiotemporal variations in snow and glacial melt in the middle Tianshan Mountains, where meteorological observation data are scarce and some observational data, such as radiation data, are incomplete.
Optical properties and applications of two‐dimensional CdSe nanoplatelets
Authors: Yu Jiahao , Chen Rui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCompared with zero‐dimensional quantum dots and one‐dimensional nanorods, two‐dimensional nanoplatelets exhibit many unique optical properties. Due to strong quantum confinement in only one direction and the large lateral size, the CdSe nanoplatelets show large exciton binding energy, giant oscillator strength, narrow emission, large absorption cross‐section, and large optical gain. In this review, the development of synthesis technology of nanoplatelets is first briefly introduced. Subsequently, the optical properties of CdSe nanoplatelets and their heterostructures are reviewed, including absorption and photoluminescence, carrier dynamics, optical gain, and nonlinear properties. These optical properties are affected by size, material and structure. At last, the main applications of CdSe nanoplatelets in recent years are introduced, including light‐emitting diodes, lasers, light harvesting, photocatalysis, and sensing.image
On being a client with posttraumatic stress disorder: Interactions with treatment providers and institutional barriers
Authors: Ferrell Emily L. , Russin Sarah E. , Grant Jennifer T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPremature dropout from psychological treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common. Little research has sought to understand perceptions of treatment and barriers to treatment in this population. This study analyzed anonymous posts among an online community of individuals with PTSD (93 forum users comprising 158 posts regarding treatment providers and 40 forum users comprising 50 posts regarding institutional barriers). Results indicated that individuals with PTSD desire greater clarity about expectations for treatment, collaboration toward treatment goals, open discussion of client‐therapist boundaries, and increased validation among therapists in response to trauma disclosure. Individuals with PTSD also reported multiple systemic issues that were barriers to treatment including a lack of available services in their area, being placed on a waitlist for long periods of time, the cost of treatment as a financial burden, and poor crisis response in emergency rooms. Findings indicated areas of growth for treatment providers which will help inform future treatment studies in improving care and treatment adherence among individuals with PTSD.
HIV‐1 subtype frequency in Northeast Brazil: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: da Costa Clevson P. , Rodrigues Jessyca K. F. , de Morais Viviane M. S. , de Andrade Carlos A. d. N. , Neves Patrícia A. F. , Lima Kledoaldo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInformation on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) molecular epidemiology is required to verify HIV/AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) epidemic dynamics in different regions, as well as provide support for response to antiretroviral therapy, transmission of resistance mutations, disease progression, and viral spread. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the frequency of HIV‐1 subtypes in Northeast Brazil. Seventy‐six articles that refer to HIV‐1 and its subtypes in the Northeast Brazil and published between 1 January 1999 and 31 August 2019 were identified. We included 27 articles for the qualitative synthesis, thus analyzing results from 4466 patients and 4298 genomic sequences. The results showed that subtypes B, F, and C and recombinant BF were responsible for 76% (IC95%: 71‐80), 8% (IC95%: 5‐11), 2% (IC95%: 2‐3), and 7% (IC95%: 4‐12) infections, respectively. The highest proportion of subtype B infections (82.2%) was observed in Piauí, while the subtype F had a high frequency in Pernambuco (23.4%). Bahia presented 11.6% of the proportion of recombinant BF. In addition, several recombinants such as AG, BC, BCF, and BD have been identified in the region. This is the first systematic review and meta‐analysis on the HIV‐1 subtype distribution in Northeast Brazil and has shown a high circulating viral diversity. Although subtype B is predominant in Brazil, a large frequency of non‐B subtypes has also been found, which may have consequences for response to antiretroviral therapy, disease progression, and transmission. Thus, HIV molecular epidemiological data are essential for epidemic prevention and control strategies.
North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone activity inCMIP5experiments: Future projections using a model‐independent detection and tracking scheme
Authors: Bell Samuel S. , Chand Savin S. , Tory Kevin J. , Ye Hua , Turville Chris 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe sensitivity of tropical cyclone (TC) projection results to different models and the detection and tracking scheme used is well established. In this study, future climate projections of TC activity in the North Indian Ocean (NIO) are assessed with a model‐ and basin‐independent detection and tracking scheme. The scheme is applied to selected models from the coupled model intercomparison project phase 5 (CMIP5) experiments forced under the historical and representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) conditions. Most models underestimated the frequency of early season (April–June) TCs and contained genesis biases equatorward of ~7.5°N in comparison to the historical records. TC tracks detected in reanalysis and model data were input to a clustering algorithm simultaneously, with two clusters in the Arabian Sea and two in the Bay of Bengal (k= 4). Projection results indicated a slight decrease of overall TC genesis frequency in the NIO, with an increase of TC genesis frequency in the Arabian Sea (30–64%) and a decrease in the Bay of Bengal (22–43%), consistent between clusters in each of these sub‐regions. These changes were largely due to changes in the pre‐monsoon season (April–June) where Bay of Bengal TCs significantly decreased, consistent with changes in vertical ascent. Northern Arabian Sea TCs significantly increased during the pre‐monsoon season, consistent with changes in vertical wind shear and relative humidity. There was a projected increase of TC frequency in the post‐monsoon season (October–December), consistent with changes in relative humidity and vertical ascent, although not all clusters followed this trend; noting a different response in the southern Bay of Bengal. In turn, these projections caused changes to the climate averaged TC track density, including a decrease (up to 2 TCs per decade) affecting the eastern coast of India and a small increase (up to 0.5 TCs per decade) affecting eastern Africa, Oman and Yemen.
Perioperative fetal hemodynamic changes in twin‐twin transfusion syndrome and neurodevelopmental outcome at two years of age
Authors: Gijtenbeek Manon , Haak Monique C. , Huberts Tom J. P. , Middeldorp Johanna M. , Klumper Frans J. C. M. , Slaghekke Femke , Lopriore Enrico , Oepkes Dick , van Klink Jeanine M. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether perioperative fetal hemodynamic changes in twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) are associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at two years.MethodsDoppler parameters of three sonograms (day before, first day after and 1 week after laser surgery for TTTS) were assessed for correlation with neurodevelopmental outcome at two years (2008‐2016). NDI was defined as: cerebral palsy, deafness, blindness, and/or a Bayley‐III cognitive/motor developmental test‐score > 2SD below the mean.ResultsLong‐term outcome was assessed in 492 TTTS survivors. NDI was present in 5% (24/492). After adjustment for severe cerebral injury (present in 4%), associated with NDI were: middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) >1.5 multiples of the median (MoM) 1 day after surgery (odds ratio [OR] 4.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17‐21.05, P = .03), a change from normal umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA‐PI) presurgery to UA‐PI >p95 postsurgery (OR 4.19; 95% CI: 1.04‐16.87, P = .04), a change from normal to MCA‐PSV >1.5MoM (OR 4.75; 95% CI: 1.43‐15.77, P = .01).ConclusionPerioperative fetal hemodynamic changes in TTTS pregnancies treated with laser are associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcome. Prospective research on the cerebrovascular response to altered hemodynamic conditions is necessary to further understand the cerebral autoregulatory capacity of the fetus in relation to neurodevelopmental outcome.
Nonimmune hydrops fetalis: Genetic analysis and clinical outcome
Authors: Deng Qiong , Fu Fang , Yu Qiuxia , Li Ru , Li Fucheng , Wang Dan , Lei Tingying , Yang Xin , Liao Can 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the genetic causes and clinical outcomes of nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF).MethodsCohort of cases of NIHF between July 2013 and December 2018. Initial genetic testing included quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction for aneuploidies, karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). In negative results, whole exome sequencing (WES) of the fetuses and parents was performed. Clinical post‐natal follow‐up assessments were conducted.ResultsOne hundred and nine patients fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and were sequentially genetically assessed by karyotype, CMA and WES. Among them, 24.8% (27/109) had a clinically significant genetic abnormality: 21 (19%) had abnormal karyotypes; 3/72 had pathogenic/likely pathogenic copy number variants (additional yield = 4.2%); and 3 had single gene disorders. The pregnancy termination and live birth rates of the cases with positive genetic testing results were significantly different from those with negative results (92.6% vs 53.7% and 3.7% vs 31.7%, respectively, P < .05 for both). During clinical follow‐up of the survivors, 3/23 (13.0%) children developed an additional phenotype.ConclusionThis study improves our understanding of the diagnostic yield of CMA and WES for NIHF. A genetic diagnosis of NIHF can help determine the fetal prognosis and recurrence risk and influence pregnancy decision‐making.
Untargeted Lipidomics Highlight the Depletion of Deoxyceramides during Therapy‐Induced Senescence
Authors: Millner Alec , Lizardo Darleny Y. , Atilla‐Gokcumen Gunes Ekin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTherapy‐induced senescence is a state of cell cycle arrest that occurs as a response to various chemotherapeutic reagents, especially ones that cause DNA damage. Senescent cells display resistance to cell death and can impair the efficacy of chemotherapeutic strategies. Since lipids can exhibit pro‐survival activity, it is envisioned in this article that probing the lipidome could provide insights into novel lipids that are involved in senescence. Therefore, a tissue culture model system is established and the cellular lipidomes of senescent and proliferating cells are comparatively analyzed. Out of thousands of features detected, 17 species are identified that show significant changes in senescent cells. The majority of these species (11 out of 17) are atypical sphingolipids, 1‐deoxyceramides/dihydroceramides, which are produced as a result of the utilization of alanine, instead of serine during sphingolipid biosynthesis. These lipids are depleted in senescent cells. Elevating the levels of deoxyceramides by supplementing the growth medium with metabolic precursors or by directly adding deoxyceramide result in decreased senescence, suggesting that these species might play a key role in this process.
Profile distributions of soil organic carbon fractions in a permafrost region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Yuan Zi‐Qiang , Jin Hui‐Jun , Wang Qing‐Feng , Wu Qing‐Bai , Li Guo‐Yu , Jin Xiao‐Ying , Ma Qiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAdequate characterization of soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions is essential to elucidate carbon dynamics in permafrost‐affected ecosystems. SOC and its fractions were investigated across alpine ecosystems, including alpine swamp meadows (ASM), alpine meadows (AM) and alpine steppes (AS), in permafrost regions on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), southwest China. The density separation method was used to separate the SOC into light‐ and heavy‐fraction organic carbon (LFOC and HFOC, respectively). Permafrost soils in the ASM had higher SOC, LFOC, and HFOC contents than in the AM. LFOC and HFOC contents were significantly correlated, but both were more closely related to SOC than to each other. On the ecological gradient from ASM to AS, the thickness of surficial organic horizons decreased while the thickness of mineral materials increased. SOC in the organic horizon and permafrost had high mineralization probability. At soil depths of 0–200 cm in ASM, AM, and AS, the SOC stocks were 123, 71, and 25 kg m−2; LFOC stocks were 70, 49, and 12 kg m−2; and HFOC stocks were 58, 37, and 15 kg m−2, respectively. These results show that SOC fractions vary with vegetation type and active layer thickness, thus making SOC sensitive to changes in environmental conditions. Therefore, the decomposition of SOC in permafrost‐affected soils of the QTP could be accelerated over a degrading permafrost and under a warming climate.