bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pengaturan Air Fuel Ratio Terhadap Torsi dan Daya Mesin Bensin Berbahan Bakar Premium-Compressed Natural Gas
Authors: Junipitoyo Bambang 
Published: May 2020

Sehubungan rendahnya nilai karakteristik dan ditunjukkan pada propertisnya dari compressed natural gas (CNG) dibandingkan dengan premium, maka berdampak penurunan performa engine yang berbahan bakar asal premium.
Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian pada engine Bensin 2 silinder 650 cc pada variable speed 2000 - 5000 rpm dengan interval 500 rpm, metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui nilai settingan yang optimum adalah dengan mengatur air fuel ratio (AFR). Durasi injeksi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebesar 6 ms melalui mapping pada software AC GAS SYNCHRO 9.1.0. Sedangkan pengaturan AFR dilakukan dengan menambahkan suplai udara melalui blower dan melakukan pengukuran dengan AFR meter berdasarkan kriteria settingan durasi injeksi pada setiap putaran engine.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa melalui pengaturan durasi injeksi dan nilai AFR yang tepat pada engine Bensin berbahan bakar CNG terjadi pada durasi injeksi 6.6 ms dengan penambahan suplai udara pada saluran intake. Hasil yang didapatkan pada pengaturan ini adalah nilai torsi, daya, secara berturut turut sebesar 41,83 Nm, 16,4 kW atau mengalami kenaikan sebesar 1,22 %, 1,12 % terhadap premium. Nilai efisiensi thermal menurun masing-masing sebesar 21,48 %
Reconnaissance geochemical and geophysical exploration for gold at Iri gold field, north central Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu Ahmed Sidi , Waziri Nuhu Musa , Mohammad Hadiza Liman , Mohammed Mohammed Abubakar , Gideon Apeh Aromeh 
Published: May 2020

Reconnaissance geochemical and geophysical exploration for gold was carried out at IRI Gold field. Geological mapping was conducted and rocks, soils and sediments samples were collected. The outcome revealed rocks of the basement complex of Nigeria made up of mainly, Migmatite Gneiss, Older Granite and the Schist. The major lithology in the area is silicified sheared rocks and large quartz vein. Isolated occurrence of undifferentiated schist was found as parent material on which quartzite intruded possibly during a major geological activity. Shattering of the rocks left boulders and rubbles of quartzite all around two major ridges within the study area. The rocks have shown weak geochemical anomaly except in two locations were positive anomalies were observed and identified as target for further exploration. Gold veins are prominent in the area suggesting potential gold mineralization. Interpretation of the aeromagnetic data give the orientations of the structural features, the major structural trend in the area is NE-SW. The lineaments extracted from the magnetic data range in length from 46.43m to about 1251.66m. Most of the lineaments extracted from the area are subsurface within the quartz-mica and migmatites while some of them have surface expressions even though not clearly defined. These magnetic lineaments could be the contacts between two rock types of contrasting magnetic susceptibility or edges of structures that could be faults or intrusive bodies. Interpreted satellite data show several subsurface structures which could be hosts to gold mineralization in the area. Results of the geochemical analysis of rocks, soils and sediments were super imposed on the interpreted aeromagnetic data and similar geochemical and geophysical signatures were established.

Index Terms: Gold mineralization, aeromagnetic data, geochemical data, schist belt, Nigeria
Preliminary Investigation of Utilization of a Cellulose-Based Polymer in Enhanced Oil Recovery by Oilfield Anaerobic Microbes and its Impact on Carbon Steel Corrosion
Authors: Yang Dongqing , Jia Ru , Abd Rahman Hasrizal Bin , Gu Tingyue 
Published: May 2020

Water injection increases reservoir pressure in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Among other oilfield performance chemicals, an EOR polymer is added to the injection water to provide the viscosity necessary for effective displacement of viscous crude oil from the reservoir formation. However, these organic macromolecules may be degraded by microbes downhole, causing undesirable viscosity loss. The organic carbon utilization by the microbes promotes microbial metabolism, thus potentially exacerbating microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). In this preliminary laboratory investigation, 3,000 ppm (w/w) carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCS), a commonly used EOR polymer, was found to be utilized by an oilfield biofilm consortium. This oilfield biofilm consortium consisted of bacteria (including that can degrade large organic molecules), sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and other microorganisms. A 30-day incubation in 125 mL anaerobic vials was conducted with an artificial seawater medium without yeast extract and lactate supplements at 37°C. The polymer biodegradation led to 16% viscosity loss in the broth and a 30× higher SRB sessile cell count. Slightly increased MIC weight loss and pitting corrosion were observed on C1018 carbon steel coupons. Thus, the use of CMCS in EOR should take into the consideration of microbial degradation and its impact on MIC.
Classe, cor e etnia nas legislações de compulsão ao trabalho na Amazônia: do Diretório ao fim dos Corpos de Trabalhadores (1755-1859)
Authors: Paz Adalberto 
Published: May 2020

Desde o final do século XVIII, diferentes administrações portuguesas e brasileiras se ocuparam em criar mecanismos de compulsão ao trabalho voltados às populações não legalmente escravizadas na Amazônia. Após a abolição do cativeiro de povos indígenas, em 1755, sucessivas legislações buscaram estabelecer rígidas bases oficiais (não raramente exasperadas pelas práticas cotidianas de coerção) para que os pobres livres e libertos, sobretudo índios, negros e mestiços, fossem obrigados a realizar atividades laborais tanto em serviços e obras públicas, quanto para particulares. Esses trabalhadores eram empregados em funções econômicas fundamentais tais como transporte, extrativismo, lavoura, comércio, entre outros, num cenário em que a presença de escravos negros era significativamente menor do que em outras regiões do país. A partir disso, pretende-se analisar de que modo as autoridades públicas e agentes privados articularam formas legais visando impelir os pobres livres e libertos ao trabalho, e como tais instrumentos buscaram regular e naturalizar diferenças de origem étnicas e sociais objetivando a máxima retenção e controle de toda força de trabalho não escrava disponível na Amazônia no século XIX. Igualmente serão enfatizados os modos pelos quais essas populações vivenciaram, reagiram e se opuseram a tais investidas legais contra sua liberdade, mobilizando-se por meio de fugas, organizando-se politicamente em áreas de disputas fronteiriças e fazendo uso dos recursos naturais não apenas para sua sobrevivência, mas também para a reafirmação da sua autonomia sociocultural e econômica.
Formação do leitor: experiência intelectual e afetiva
Authors: Saraiva Juracy Assmann , Mügge Ernani , Kaspari Tatiane 
Published: May 2020

O artigo valoriza a exploração de textos literários em ambiente escolar a partir do pressuposto de sua importância para a formação do sujeito. Objetiva discutir a dualidade que caracteriza a leitura de textos literários, situada entre o exercício intelectual e o engajamento corporal. Para isso, considera necessário inserir as práticas docentes no circuito dos estudos linguísticos e literários, que estabelecem elos entre linguagem e identidade. Sustentado em reflexão teórica, o artigo expõe um percurso metodológico de análise da obra literária, com potencial para concretizar a experiência estética por meio do processo de exploração linguística, que se congraça à subjetividade do imaginário de cada leitor, à natureza coletiva da linguagem e ao substrato social em que a literatura circula.
Espacio público en ciudades privadas: centralidades emergentes y su impacto en las periferias metropolitanas de Latinoamérica
Authors: Vidal-Koppmann Sonia 
Published: May 2020

En el presente siglo, la dinámica socio-territorial de las regiones metropolitanas en América latina, muestra el impacto del urbanismo de mercado en el paisaje de las periferias urbanas. En este escenario, los límites entre lo s espacios públicos y privados se vuelven difusos, apareciendo nuevos formatos urbanos (barrios cerrados y ciudades privadas). Por ello, nos focalizaremos en el análisis de los espacios públicos dentro de ciudadesprivadas, específicamente en el diseño de sus áreas centrales. Aplicaremos el concepto de centralidades emergentes para diferenciarlas de las áreas centrales pre-existentes en las ciudades abiertas que configuran su entorno. Asimismo, consideraremos la dinámica de interacción entre dichos centros; y reflexionaremos sobre el desarrollo geográfico desigual y la fragmentación socio-territorial, que se va generando a medida que el urbanismo de mercado se vuelve hegemónico en la expansión de las periferias metropolitanas.
In this century, the socio-territorial dynamics of metropolitan regions in Latin America, shows the impact of market urbanism on the landscape of urban peripheries. In this scenario, the boundaries between public and private spaces become diffuse, with the appearance of new urban formats (closed neighborhoods and private cities). Therefore, we will focus on the analysis of public spaces within private cities, specifically in the design of their central areas. We will apply the concept of emerging centralities to differentiate them from the pre-existing central areas in the open cities that make up their environment. We will consider the dynamics of interaction said centers; We will reflect on the unequal geographic development and the socio-territorial fragmentation that is generated as market urbanism becomes hegemonic in the expansion of the metropolitan peripheries.
La integración del riesgo de incendios forestales en el urbanismo: una aproximación normativa, analítica y práctica para el caso de Cataluña
Authors: Serra Davos Marta , Plana Bach Eduard , Cerdan Heredia Rufí 
Published: May 2020

En un contexto donde el riesgo de incendio forestal (IF) es latente y la estructura urbanística presenta asentamientos expuestos a este riesgo, la situación derivada de los cambios en los usos del suelo y el cambio climático se traduce en un aumento de la potencial interacción entre los IF y los sistemas urbanos.El trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la capacidad de integración del riesgo de IF en la planificación territorial y urbanística de Cataluña, especialmente desde la perspectiva de la vulnerabilidad de los asentamientos. De este modo, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis comparado entre la información del análisis del riesgo y los requerimientos legales y operativos del sistema de planeamiento, para así poder identificar aspectos presentes, o que sea necesario mejorar para hacer efectiva esta integración. Se han identificado unos procesos clave que hace falta definir e introducir en el sistema de planeamiento para que éste sea capaz de tener en cuenta el riesgo de IF para gestionar el territorio.
In a context where wildfire risk is latent and the urban structure presents exposed settlements, the derivate situation from the land uses changes and the climate change, is translated as an increase of the potential interaction between wildfires and the urban systems.The objective of this research is to analyze the capacity to integrate the wildfire risk into the spatial and urban planning of Catalonia, specially from the perspective of settlement vulnerability. Thereby, it has carried out a comparative analysis between the risk analysis information and the legal and operational requirements of the planning system, in order to identify current aspects or what is necessary to improve, to make effective this integration. It has identified key processes that are necessary to define and introduce in the planning system so that it is able to take into account wildfire risk to manage the territory.
Transformaciones socio-territoriales en la interfase periurbana de Puerto Varas: desarrollo privado y planificación en el área periurbana
Authors: Zerán Ruiz-Clavijo María Pía 
Published: May 2020

El acelerado crecimiento de la capacidad productiva de la Región de Los Lagos desde hace tres décadas, impulsado por la actividad acuícola-pesquera, trajo consigo éxito económico y un fuerte crecimiento demográfico que ha generado una dispersión urbana hacia la cuenca del lago Llanquihue, en donde ciudades como Puerto Varas se convierten en las localidades escogidas por los grupos socioeconómicos de mayores ingresos para establecerse. Dentro de este contexto, el sector privado crea una oferta habitacional principalmente en el área periurbana de la ciudad, amparados bajo el DL Nº 3.516 de 1980, reconfigurando el territorio rural con un uso exclusivamente residencial, evidenciando el fuerte sesgo urbano de la planificación y ordenamiento territorial que se ha mantenido al margen del desarrollo armónico del territorio y que reconocea lo rural como el área que está fuera del límite urbano y que se encuentra meramente a la espera de ser urbanizada.
For the past three decades, the accelerated growth of the productive capacity of Los Lagos Region, driven by aquaculture-fishing activity, brought with it economic success and a strong demographic growth that has generated an urban sprawl towards the Llanquihue lake basin, in where cities like Puerto Varas become the localities chosen by the highest income socioeconomic groups to settle. Within that context, the private sector creates a housing offer mainly in the peri-urban area of the city, protected under DL Nº 3.516 of 1980, reconfiguring the rural territory with an exclusively residential use, evidencing the strong urban bias of land-use and urban planning that has been kept out of the harmonious development of the territory and that recognizes the rural as the area that is outside the urban limit and that is merely waiting to be urbanized.
Transformaciones territoriales, políticas públicas y espacios periféricos: conjuntos de vivienda social en Córdoba (Argentina) a una década de su materialización
Authors: Marengo María Cecilia , Elorza Ana Laura , Sosa Florencia 
Published: May 2020

La producción del espacio en la periferia se caracteriza por la intensificación de las desigualdades sociales y su correlato de inequidad territorial. El estudio aborda las formas en que la política habitacional ha incidido en la producción de nuevos territorios residenciales, en el caso de Córdoba - Argentina. Reexamina el rol que ésta ha tenido en los procesos de crecimiento urbano y sus efectos en las transformaciones que se producen en los bordes, a partir del análisis de la inserción de barrios-ciudades en la estructura urbana. La configuración y tipos de entornos y las oportunidades relativas de integración urbana en cada localización, derivan de la evolución urbana del contexto inmediato. El proceso muestra como materia pendiente, la inexistencia de una política de acceso al suelo urbanizable para el desarrollo de futuros programas, observando un proceso especulativo, en la conformación del espacio periférico con efectos en las condiciones de informalidad urbana.
The production of space in the periphery is characterized by the intensification of social inequalities and the correlate of territorial inequity. The study addresses the ways in which housing policy has influenced the production of new residential territories, in the case of Córdoba - Argentina. It reexamines the role that this policy has played in the processes of urban growth and the effects on the transformations that occur at the edges, based on the analysis of the insertion of neighborhoods-cities in the urban structure. The configuration and types of environments and the relative opportunities of urban integration in each location derive from the urban evolution of the immediate context. The process shows as pending matter, the lack of a land policy of access to urban land for the development of future programs, observing a speculative process, in the conformation of the peripheral areas with effects in informality conditions.
Cerros isla en una capital latinoamericana: oportunidad de planificación ecológica y elementos para su diseño
Authors: Picon Maria Catalina , Barrera Francisco 
Published: May 2020

Santiago de Chile presenta problemas de dotación y accesibilidad a áreas verdes. El contar con grandes parques urbanos homogéneamente distribuidos ha sido objeto de esfuerzos, no obstante, los nuevos parques son cada vez más pequeños. El presente trabajo busca 1- argumentar la oportunidad que ofrecen los cerros isla de Santiago para resolver inequidades asociadas a las áreas verdes, 2- reconocer y describir su rol ecológico-urbano, y 3- proponer aspectos de diseño que enriquezcan social y ecológicamente a los cerros. Sus grandes extensiones y características geográficas y ecosistémicas posibilitan la provisión de múltiples servicios ecosistémicos. Los cerros isla pueden resolver de manera relevante el déficit en áreas verdes y los principales problemas ambientales de la ciudad si es que son bien diseñados. La ciudad seguirá creciendo, pero tiene que hacerlo de manera adecuada y los cerros isla son estratégicos para incrementar su sustentabilidad y resiliencia.
Santiago, Chile's capital city, presents problems on the provision and accessibility to open spaces. Efforts to provide large homogeneously distributed urban parks within the city have not been enough, yet, new urban parks are getting smaller. First, this work argues about the opportunity offered by Santiago’s island-hills to solve social inequities associated with the accessibility to open spaces. Second, recognize and describe their ecological-urban role. And third, propose design aspects that could enrich the hills in social and ecologically way. Their large extension, and geographic and ecosystemic characteristics, make possible the provision of multiple ecosystem services. Within these regards, if they were well preserved and designed, the island-hills could solve Santiago’s deficit of open spaces and main environmental problems. The city will continue to grow;however, it has to do it properly. The island hills are strategic to increase the city’s sustainability and resilience.
Positioning Each Other: A Metasynthesis of Pharmacist-Physician Collaboration
Authors: Rakvaag Hilde , Søreide Gunn Elisabeth , Kjome Reidun Lisbet Skeide 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Interprofessional collaboration between different professions within health care is essential to optimize patient outcomes. Community-pharmacists (CPs) and general-practitioners (GPs) are two professions who are encouraged to increase their collaboration. In this metasynthesis we use a meta-ethnographic approach to examine the interpersonal aspects of this collaboration, as perceived by the professionals themselves. The metasynthesis firstly suggests that CPs and GPs have differing storylines about the cooperation between them. Secondly, CPs seem to position their profession in relation to the GPs, whereas GPs do not rely on the CPs to define their professional position. A successful collaboration between the two professions requires the CPs to reposition themselves through adopting a proactive approach towards the GPs. This proactive approach should comprise the delivery of specific clinical advice, as well as taking responsibility for this advice. In this way, they can build a more coinciding storyline of the joint agenda of improved patientcare.
Los aptámeros como novedosa herramienta diagnóstica y terapéutica y su potencial uso en parasitología
Authors: Ospina Juan David 
Published: May 2020

Los aptámeros son secuencias de ADN o ARN de cadena sencilla que adoptan la forma de estructuras tridimensionales únicas, lo cual les permite reconocer un blanco específico con gran afinidad. Sus usos potenciales abarcan, entre otros, el diagnóstico de enfermedades, el desarrollo de nuevos agentes terapéuticos, la detección de riesgos alimentarios, la producción de biosensores, la detección de toxinas, el transporte de fármacos en el organismo y la señalización de nanopartículas.El pegaptanib es el único aptámero aprobado para uso comercial por la Food and Drug Administration (FDA). En parasitología, se destacan los estudios que se vienen realizando en Leishmania spp., con la obtención de aptámeros que reconocen la proteína de unión a poliA (LiPABP) y que pueden tener potencial utilidad en la investigación, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis. En cuanto a la malaria, se han obtenido aptámeros que permiten identificar eritrocitos infectados e inhiben la formación de rosetas, y otros que prometen ser alternativas para el diagnóstico al detectar de forma específica la proteína lactato deshidrogenasa (PfLDH). Para Cryptosporidium parvuum se han seleccionado aptámeros que detectan ooquistes a partir de alimentos o aguas contaminadas. Para Entamoeba histolytica se han aislado dos aptámeros llamados C4 y C5, que inhiben la proliferación in vitro de los trofozoítos y tienen potencial terapéutico. Los aptámeros contra Trypanosoma cruzi inhiben la invasión de células LLC-MK2 (de riñón de mono) en un 50 a 70 % y aquellos contra T. brucei transportan moléculas tóxicas al lisosoma parasitario como una novedosa estrategia terapéutica.
Purpureocillium lilacinum and Metarhizium marquandii as plant growth-promoting fungi
Authors: Baron Noemi Carla , Souza Pollo Andressa de , Rigobelo Everlon Cid 
Published: May 2020

Background
Especially on commodities crops like soybean, maize, cotton, coffee and others, high yields are reached mainly by the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers. The biological management of crops is a relatively recent concept, and its application has increased expectations about a more sustainable agriculture. The use of fungi as plant bioinoculants has proven to be a useful alternative in this process, and research is deepening on genera and species with some already known potential. In this context, the present study focused on the analysis of the plant growth promotion potential of Purpureocillium lilacinum, Purpureocillium lavendulum and Metarhizium marquandii aiming its use as bioinoculants in maize, bean and soybean.

Methods
Purpureocillium spp. and M. marquandii strains were isolated from soil samples. They were screened for their ability to solubilize phosphorus (P) and produce indoleacetic acid (IAA) and the most promising strains were tested at greenhouse in maize, bean and soybean plants. Growth promotion parameters including plant height, dry mass and contents of P and nitrogen (N) in the plants and in the rhizospheric soil were assessed.

Results
Thirty strains were recovered and characterized as Purpureocillium lilacinum (25), Purpureocillium lavendulum (4) and Metarhizium marquandii (1). From the trial for P solubilization and IAA production, seven strains were selected and inoculated in maize, bean and soybean plants. These strains were able to modify in a different way the evaluated parameters involving plant growth in each crop, and some strains distinctly increased the availability of P and N, for the last, an uncommon occurrence involving these fungi. Moreover, the expected changes identified at the in vitro analysis were not necessarily found in planta. In addition, this study is the first to evaluate the effect of the isolated inoculation of these fungi on the growth promotion of maize, bean and soybean plants.