bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radioactive Depth Marker Emplacement and Survey for Early Subsurface Geomechanical Model Calibration: Learnings from a Successful Ultra-HPHT Deployment
Authors: Banks John , Tourny David , Shotton Peter , Sampson Tim 
Published: January 2020

Summary
Ultra-high-pressure high-temperature (uHPHT) reservoirs undergo extreme pressure depletion during their production life cycle. This results in significant reservoir compaction and consequent overburden subsidence with major consequences for wellbore mechanical integrity, safety, and field economics. However, the use of underdetermined geomechanical models to accurately predict compaction-induced stress/strain changes on wellbores and its consequences during production time results in significant residual uncertainty. One method of measuring compaction-induced stress/strain changes in wellbore is by the emplacement and measurement of radioactive markers. Although it is long established in normal pressure reservoirs, it is rare in uHPHT projects.
The Culzean uHPHT gas-condensate field is located in the UK Central North Sea. To constrain geomechanical model compaction uncertainty, radioactive markers were deployed. The objective was to accurately acquire preproduction baseline measurements and subsequent changes through periodic measurements during production life. These accurate wellbore measurements would then be compared with the geomechanical model to help calibrate predicted to actual compaction. By doing so, the objective is to enable better informed decisions regarding well and field management. The Culzean uHPHT radioactive marker project comprised a planning phase and a preproduction safe deployment including a baseline survey phase. Subsequent repeat measurements are planned during field production life.
The emplacement and surveying of the subsurface radioactive markers for compaction monitoring in uHPHT reservoirs is a high value but nontrivial operation. In addition, much knowledge and experience of the methodology has been lost. This paper contributes to published literature by describing the successful emplacement and monitoring of subsurface radioactive markers on Culzean and aims to capture learnings and knowledge for future workers. Early detailed planning coupled with extensive testing is key to successful deployment. Timely engagement of all stakeholders and ensuring all decisions are aligned with safety and environmental considerations also contribute to realization of the project aims.
Development and Efficiency Testing of Sucker Rod Pump Downhole Desanders
Authors: Langbauer Clemens , Hartl Manuel , Gall Sergej , Volker Lukas , Decker Christian , Koller Lukas , Hönig Stefan 
Published: January 2020

Summary
Tense economic situations push the demand for low-cost oil production, which is especially challenging for production in mature oil fields. Therefore, an increase in the meantime between failure and the limitation of equipment damage is essential. A significant number of wells in mature fields are suffering under sand by-production. The objective of this paper is to show the development process and the testing procedure of an in-house-built, effective downhole desander for sucker rod pumps on the basis of a sophisticated analytical design model.
In weak reservoir zones, often the strategy to prevent equipment damage due to sand by-production is the sand exclusion method using a gravel pack. Nevertheless, a certain amount of small sand grains still enter the wellbore and may damage the sucker rod pumping system over time. In early 2018, various types and sizes of downhole desander configurations were tested at the pump testing facility (PTF) at the University of Leoben (Montanuniversitaet Leoben). In a period of about 4 months, testing took place under near field conditions to find the optimum and most efficient design. The design optimization was focused on the geometry of the swirl vanes and the sand separation distance at the sucker rod pump intake. An analytical model provided the basis for geometric optimization. Concurrently, field tests of the in-house downhole desander were performed in the Vienna Basin that confirmed the findings of the tests at the PTF.
The test results have shown that the downhole desander design and the pumping speed are the most influencing parameters on sand separation efficiency. Poor design in combination with a wrongly selected pumping speed can reduce the sand separation efficiency to lower than 50%, while if all parameters are chosen correctly, the sand separation efficiency can be 95% or higher. The grain size distribution is the additional parameter that enables a decision and ranks the performance. The sensitivity analysis, performed for several downhole desander types, has shown the high dependency of the sand separation efficiency on the major desander design parameters. Proper selection of the components and operating parameters will contribute to an increase in the meantime between failures.
This paper will present the testing configurations, the development of the high-efficiency in-house downhole desander, and the sensitivity analysis performed on the design.
A modified single-armed microsurgical vasoepididymostomy for epididymal obstructive azoospermia: intraoperative choice and postoperative consideration
Authors: Liu Nachuan , Li Peng , Zhi Erlei , Yao Chencheng , Yang Chao , Zhao Liangyu , Tian Ruhui , Chen Huixing , Huang Yuhua , Yu Yuexin , Li Zheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and the duration required for the sperm to return to the ejaculate after a modified single-armed 2-suture longitudinal intussusception vasoepididymostomy (SA-LIVE). Methods: From March 2015 to December 2018, 134 patients with epididymal obstruction azoospermia underwent the modified single-armed vasoepididymostomy at Shanghai General Hospital. The outcomes and clinical findings were documented and evaluated. The mean follow-up period was 17 (range: 3–36) months. Results: Patency was assessed by the return of sperm in the ejaculate. The overall patency rate was 55.2%, and the patency rates were 58.9%, 40.7%, 36.4%, and 58.9% for bilateral surgery, unilateral surgery, proximal anastomosis, and distal anastomosis, respectively. The average time to achieve patency was 4.11±2.74 months. In the first six months, 87.8% (65/74) patency patients reported sperm in the ejaculate. The overall pregnancy rate was 40.9% (29/66) at the follow-up of 3–36 months, and the natural pregnancy rate was 30.3% (20/66). The natural pregnancy rate was 32.1% post-bilateral surgery and 33.3% for the site of distal anastomosis; surprisingly, it was 0% for the site of proximal anastomosis. Conclusion: Modified SA-LIVE is safe and may achieve favorable patency and pregnancy rates. When double-armed sutures are not accessible, single-armed may be preferable. The expected patency time was within one year. Moreover, because of the low natural pregnancy rate for proximal anastomosis, sperm banking is preferred to SA-LIVE.
The reliability and validity of a slightly revised Chinese version simplified modified Rankin scale questionnaire
Authors: yuan Junliang , wang yunxiao , Hu Wenli , Bruno Askiel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The slightly revised English version simplified modified Rankin scale questionnaire smRSq(2011) was shown to be reliable, valid, and useful in scoring the modified Rankin scale (mRS) after stroke. Our aim was to assess the inter-rater reliability and validity of a novel Chinese version smRSq(2011). Methods The English version smRSq(2011) was translated into Chinese by a standard process. We recruited 300 consecutive hospitalized ischemic stroke patients in the department of neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital. Six randomly paired raters scored the conventional mRS, the novel Chinese version smRSq(2011), the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the Barthel index (BI) in-person. Inter-rater reliability and validity were assessed. Results Among the 300 ischemic stroke patients, mean age was 64.9±12.1 years, and 220 (73%) were male. For inter-rater reliability of the smRSq(2011), the percent agreement among the paired raters was 87%, the kappa (κ) was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79-0.88), and the weighted kappa (κw) was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95-0.98). The percent agreement between the smRSq(2011) scores by the first rater and the conventional mRS scores by the second rater in each pair was 55%, κ=0.47 (95% CI, 0.40-0.54), and κw=0.91 (95% CI, 0.89-0.93). In construct validity testing, the Spearman’s correlation coefficients comparing the smRSq(2011) scores by the first rater with the NIHSS and the BI scores by the second rater were 0.83 (P<0.001) and -0.86 (P<0.001), respectively. Conclusions Our results show good clinimetric properties of the novel Chinese version smRSq(2011) in scoring the mRS in Chinese stroke patients. Further validation in other clinical settings, including in communities and by remote methods in China is warranted.
Stable intronic sequence RNAs (sisRNAs) are selected regions in introns with distinct properties
Authors: Jin Jing , He Ximiao , Silva Elena M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Stable introns and intronic fragments make up the largest population of RNA in the oocyte nucleus of the frog Xenopus tropicalis. These stable intronic sequence RNAs (sisRNAs) persist through the onset of zygotic transcription when synchronous cell division has ended and the developing embryo consists of approximately 8000 cells. Despite their abundance, the sequence properties and biological function of sisRNAs are just beginning to be understood. Results: To characterize this population of noncoding RNA, we identified all of the sisRNAs in the X. tropicalis oocyte nucleus using published high-throughput RNA sequencing data. Our analysis revealed that sisRNAs, have an average length of ~360 bps, are widely expressed from genes with multiple introns, and are derived from specific regions of introns that are GC and TG rich, while CpG poor. They are enriched in introns at both ends of transcripts but preferentially at the 3’ end. The consensus binding sites of specific transcription factors such as Stat3 are enriched in sisRNAs, suggesting an association between sisRNAs and transcription factors involved in early development. Evolutionary conservation analysis of sisRNA sequences in seven vertebrate genomes indicates that sisRNAs are as conserved as other parts of introns, but much less conserved than exons. Conclusion: In total, our results indicate sisRNAs are selected intron regions with distinct properties, supporting a biological function in gene expression regulation.
Kinematic and Mechanical Analysis of the Ankle Rotating-Traction-Poking Manipulation
Authors: Chunyu Gao , Baojian Wang , Liguo Zhu , Gao Jinghua , Jianguo Li , Jian Li , Minshan Feng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: In China, the ankle rotating-traction-poking manipulation (RTPM) has been used to increase range of movement and reduce pain in patients with lateral ankle sprains. But no research so far has quantitatively analyzed the kinematic and mechanical data of RTPM therapy. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to analyze the kinematics and mechanics of RTPM technique. Methods : A total of 60 volunteers who had ankle sprains participated in the study. A single physiotherapist specializing in RTPM worked with each of the subjects. Motion capture technology, self-developed mechanical gloves, and a data synchronization device were used to acquire kinematic and mechanical data during the RTPM. Results : The mean maximum force of the thumb, index finger, and middle finger during the rotating was 18.89 N, 10.26 N, and 9.51 N, respectively, that of the traction force was 18.61 N, 13.25 N, and 8.33 N, respectively, and that of the poking force was 26.5 N, 8.61 N, and 10.62 N, respectively. The average time of rotating for six circles was 11.36 s. The average linear velocity of rotating was 58.28 mm/s, and that of traction-poking was 23.81 mm/s. The average linear acceleration of rotating was 0.43 mm/s 2 , and that of traction-poking was 0.54 mm/s 2 . The average displacements of traction and poking were 36.94 mm and 22.44 mm, respectively. The average angle of traction and poking were 23.27° and 22.76°, respectively. Conclusions : The RTPM can be repeatable for clinical application, and also has features of gentleness, rhythmicity, and continuity.
Association between early childhood caries and intimate partner violence in 20 low- and middle-income countries: 2007-2017
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Obiyan Mary , Tantawi Maha El , Kemoli Arthur , Al-Batayneh Ola B. , Gaffar Balgis , Schroth Robert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: To determine the relationship between country level prevalence of interpersonal violence (IPV) and the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) in children aged 3-5-year-olds. Method: This was an ecological study using extracted IPV (physical, sexual and emotional) and ECC data for 3-5-year-olds in 20 low- and middle-income countries for the period 2007-2017. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the percentage of 3-5-year-old children with ECC (outcome variable) and the four IPV indicators (physical, sexual, emotional and a combination of the three). The model was adjusted for the country’s Gross National Income GNI. Partial eta squared (as measure of effect size), regression coefficients, confidence intervals and p values were calculated. Results: The strongest association was between ECC prevalence and exposure to physical violence (partial eta squared= 0.01), followed by exposure to sexual violence (partial eta squared= 0.005), and exposure to all types of IPV combined (partial eta squared= 0.001). Exposure to emotional violence had the weakest association with ECC (partial eta squared < 0.0001). For 1% higher percentage of women reporting exposure to physical violence and percentage of women reporting all types of IPV combined, there was a 0.18% higher prevalence of ECC. For 1% higher prevalence of sexual violence, there was 0.22% higher ECC prevalence. For 1% higher prevalence of emotional violence, there was 0.04% higher ECC prevalence. Conclusions: Countries with high prevalence of IPV will likely also have high prevalence of ECC. This needs further studies.
Evidence of increased prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Study of Tehran Registry, 1999–2018
Authors: Almasi-Hashiani Amir , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Eskandarieh Sharareh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The epidemiological characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in various studies have been investigated and studies suggested that there is a different geographic disparity worldwide. The present study conducted to investigate the longitudinal prevalence of MS in Tehran, Iran. Methods: The population-based study was conducted in Tehran, the capital of Iran from 1999 to 2018 based on the annual report data through the Iranian MS Society (IMSS) registry system. The age-standardized and crude prevalence proportions were estimated by applicant of population data, established from the Statistical Centre of Iran. Results: Totally 21,580 MS cases were registered and included in the analysis. Out of them, 24.99% (5,393 cases) was male and 75.01% (16,187 cases) was female. The mean age of MS onset was 28.8 years (S.D: 8.7). The age standardized prevalence proportion (ASP) of MS ranged from 73.7 (95%CI: 72.1-75.2) in 2006 to 137.6 (95% CI: 135.7-139.5) per 100,000 in 2018. The MS ASP- was estimated 54.1 (95%CI: 53.6-54.6) among males and 174.5 (95%CI: 173.6-175.4) per 100,000 among females. The age standardized female to male ratio of MS in study period was 3.03. Conclusion: Our finding suggested that the prevalence of MS in Tehran province is relatively high and the disease occurrence is more common in the under-40 age group than in the older ones. As in the rest of the world, the prevalence of the MS was higher in women, and the female to male sex ratio was 3.03 in our study.
Impact of COL6A4P2 gene polymorphisms on the risk of lung cancer in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Duan Ying , Liu Gaowen , Niu Fanglin , Li Jing , Yan Mengdan , Jin Tianbo , Chen Mingwei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of COL6A4P2 polymorphisms on lung cancer (LC) in Chinese Han population.Methods To examine whether variants of COL6A4P2 contribute to LC, five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of COL6A4P2 were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY in 510 LC patients and 495 controls. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression.Results We found that COL6A4P2 rs34445363 significantly increased the risk of LC in the alleles model (OR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.01 - 1.58, p = 0.038). And rs34445363 also increased the LC risk under the log-additive model (OR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.01 - 1.58, p = 0.041) with the multigene model analysis. Further stratification analysis showed that rs34445363 increased the LC risk under the log-additive model (OR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.03 - 1.95, p = 0.033) in people aged ≤ 61; and rs61733464 was associated with a decreased LC risk in the log-additive model (OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.52 - 0.99, p = 0.048) in people aged ≤ 61. We also found that the mutations of rs34445363 and rs77941834 were associated with increased LC risk in the codominant model (rs34445363, GA vs. GG, OR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.04 - 2.86, p = 0.034; rs77941834, TA vs. TT, OR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.06 - 3.34, p = 0.032) in females.Conclusions This study provided an evidence for polymorphisms of COL6A4P2 gene associated to the development of LC, also a new insight into etiology of LC.
Comparative profiling of chromatin open state of various cells and tissues for dissecting the epigenetic causes of various biological processes
Authors: Wu Jian , Gao Jinliang , Zhang Shuyan , Luo Tao , Dai Wei , Ling Jianhui , Wang Jinke 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The comparative study of chromatin open state of various cells and tissues is helpful for dissecting the epigenetic causes of various biological and pathological processes such as development and tumorigenesis. This study comparatively characterized the chromatin open regions (CORs) of two normal human cell lines (HL7702 and MRC-5), nine human cancer cell lines (GM12878, HepG2, PANC-1, A549, HT29, SKOV3, SiHa, C-33A, and HeLa), one mouse cancer cell line (Hepa1-6), and healthy mouse liver tissue with SALP-seq.Results This study therefore made a set of systematic and useful COR profiles of human and mouse cells and tissues. These COR profiles were used to explore the possible epigenetic bases of several interesting scientific problems, including how chromatin state changes contribute to tumorigenesis, how the cancer-related mutation hotspots are formed, why fibroblast was most widely used to prepare iPSCs, and how HPV subtypes differently affect the chromatin structure of cervical cells. The results revealed that the comparative COR profiling can shed new insights into the potential molecular mechanisms underlying these important biological and pathological processes. The comparative COR profiling also demonstrated transcription factors differentially dominate various biological and pathological processes. At last, the comparative COR profiling uncovers new potential markers or targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy.Conclusions The comparative COR profiling with our developed SALP-seq technique can be used to uncover epigenetic bases and molecular mechanisms underlying various biological processes.
Prox1 gene transfer combined with voluntary exercise improves dystrophic muscle fragility in Mdx mice
Authors: Monceau Alexandra , Delacroix Clément , Lemaitre Mégane , Agbulut Onnik , Furling Denis , Klein Arnaud , ferry arnaud 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Voluntary exercise can improve skeletal muscle fragility, i.e. higher susceptibility to contraction induced-injury, as shown by a greater force drop following lengthening contractions, in the dystrophic Mdx mice as compared to healthy mice with dystrophin. This beneficial effect is related to the activation of the calcineurin activation. Unfortunately, voluntary running only partly rescued fragility, so it would be interesting to combined the effects of exercise, for example, with those of others treatments activating the calcineurin pathway and promoting slow and more oxidative fibres. This is of particular interest because slow muscle fibres are apparently less affected and genetic or pharmacological treatments promoting slow and more oxidative fibres are been shown to be beneficial in the Mdx mice. Methods Here, we tested whether voluntary exercise (1 month of running in a wheel) combined with Prospero-related homeobox factor 1 gene ( Prox1) transfer would better improve functional dystrophic features in Mdx mice as compared to the voluntary exercise single approach. Prox1 is known to promote the promotion of slow contractile gene program in healthy muscle. Results We found that Prox1 transfer promoted slower molecular and functional contractile features in both voluntary exercised and sedentary Mdx mice. However, it improved fragility only in exercised Mdx mice. Moreover, Prox1 transfer reduced absolute maximal force production by causing reduction in muscle weight in both exercised and sedentary Mdx mice. Conclusion In conclusion, our results indicate that the beneficial effects of voluntary exercise and Prox1 transfer on fragility are additive in Mdx mice.
Inequality in Health: Correlation Between Poverty and Injury – A Comprehensive Analysis Based on Income Level in Taiwan: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Lin Yi-Chang , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Pai Lu , Tsai Chien-Sung , Chien Wu-Chien , Lin Chih-Sheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background For better health promotion in Taiwan, it needs an action to reduce health inequality; therefore a comprehensive monitoring on social determinants and health is urgent. Is income the obstacle to influence the health after Taiwan instituted national health insurance in 1995? We compared the characteristics of accident injuries for patients classified with low-income and non-low-income who required inpatient care. Methods We collected accident injury inpatient cases from 1998 to 2015 from the Health and Welfare Data Science Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare and categorized the patients as low-income and non-low-income. Chi-square tests, Fisher exact tests, an independent samples t-test, and percentages were used to identify differences in demographics, cause for hospitalization, and other hospital care variables. Results Between 1998 and 2015, there were 74,337 low-income accident injury inpatients, which represented 1.6% of all injury event inpatients. The hospitalization mortality rate for the low-income group was 1.9 times higher than that of the non-low-income group. Further, the average length of hospital stay (9.9 days), average medical expenses (1,681 USD), and mortality rate (3.6%) for the low-income inpatients were higher than those of the non-low-income group (7.6 days, 1,573 USD, and 2.1%, respectively). Among the common injury causes, the percentage of injuries from “medical malpractice,” “fall,” “suicide,” and “homicide” were higher for the low-income group than that for the non-low-income group. Conclusions Despite National Health Insurance coverage, we found a higher hospitalization rate, longer average length of hospital stay, and a higher mortality rate in the low-income group. These findings support our hypothesis that there is a correlation between health and income level, resulting in health inequality. Achieving health care equality may require collaboration between the government and private and nonprofit organizations to increase awareness of this phenomenon.