bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lifetimes of planetary debris discs around white dwarfs
Authors: Veras Dimitri , Heng Kevin 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The lifetime of a planetary disc that orbits a white dwarf represents a crucial input parameter into evolutionary models of that system. Here we apply a purely analytical formalism to estimate lifetimes of the debris phase of these discs, before they are ground down into dust or are subject to sublimation from the white dwarf. We compute maximum lifetimes for three different types of white dwarf discs, formed from (i) radiative YORP break-up of exo-asteroids along the giant branch phases at 2–100 au, (ii) radiation-less spin-up disruption of these minor planets at ${\sim} 1.5\!-\!4.5\, \mathrm{R}_{\odot }$, and (iii) tidal disruption of minor or major planets within about $1.3\, \mathrm{R}_{\odot }$. We display these maximum lifetimes as a function of disc mass and extent, constituent planetesimal properties, and representative orbital excitations of eccentricity and inclination. We find that YORP discs with masses of up to 1024 kg live long enough to provide a reservoir of surviving cm-sized pebbles and m- to km-sized boulders that can be perturbed intact to white dwarfs with cooling ages of up to 10 Gyr. Debris discs formed from the spin or tidal disruption of these minor planets or major planets can survive in a steady state for up to, respectively, 1 or 0.01 Myr, although most tidal discs would leave a steady state within about 1 yr. Our results illustrate that dust-less planetesimal transit detections are plausible, and would provide particularly robust evolutionary constraints. Our formalism can easily be adapted to individual systems and future discoveries.
Eccentricity distribution of wide low-mass binaries
Authors: Tokovinin Andrei 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Distribution of eccentricities of very wide (up to 10 kau) low-mass binaries in the solar neighbourhood is studied using the catalogue of El-Badry and Rix (2018) based on Gaia. Direction and speed of relative motions in wide pairs contain statistical information on the eccentricity distribution, otherwise inaccessible owing to very long orbital periods. It is found that the eccentricity distribution is close to the linear (thermal) one f(e) = 2e. However, pairs with projected separations &lt;200 au have less eccentric orbits, while f(e) for wide pairs with s &gt; 1 kau appears to be slightly superthermal, with an excess of very eccentric orbits. Eccentricity of any wide binary can be constrained statistically using direction and speed of its motion. The thermal eccentricity distribution signals an important role of the stellar dynamics in the formation of wide binaries, although disc-assisted capture also can produce such pairs with eccentric orbits.
The N-Terminal Acetyltransferase Naa50 Regulates Arabidopsis Growth and Osmotic Stress Response
Authors: Feng Jinlin , Hu Jianxin , Li Yan , Li Ruiqi , Yu Hao , Ma Ligeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
N-terminal acetylation (Nt-acetylation) is one of the most common protein modifications in eukaryotes. The function of Naa50, the catalytic subunit of the evolutionarily conserved N-terminal acetyltransferase (Nat) E complex, has not been reported in Arabidopsis. In this study, we found that a loss of Naa50 resulted in a pleiotropic phenotype that included dwarfism and sterility, premature leaf senescence and a shortened primary root. Further analysis revealed that root cell patterning and various root cell properties were severely impaired in naa50 mutant plants. Moreover, defects in auxin distribution were observed due to the mislocalization of PIN auxin transporters. In contrast to its homologs in yeast and animals, Naa50 showed no co-immunoprecipitation with any subunit of the Nat A complex. Moreover, plants lacking Naa50 displayed hypersensitivity to abscisic acid and osmotic stress. Therefore, our results suggest that protein N-terminal acetylation catalyzed by Naa50 plays an essential role in Arabidopsis growth and osmotic stress responses.
Meta-analysis Comparing Celecoxib with Diclofenac Sodium in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Huang Hetao , Luo Minghui , Liang Haodong , Pan Jianke , Yang Weiyi , Zeng Lingfeng , Liang Guihong , Hou Senrong , Zhao Jinlong , Liu Jun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
To compare the efficacy and safety of celecoxib and diclofenac sodium in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods
Clinical controlled trials (CCTs) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from online databases comparing the efficacy of celecoxib and diclofenac sodium in the treatment of KOA were retrieved. The main outcomes included the treatment effect, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), visual analog scale (VAS) score, and complication rate. The Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) tool in Review Manager 5.3.5 was used to assess methodological quality.

Results
Twelve studies (N = 2,350) were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that celecoxib reduced pain more effectively than diclofenac sodium in patients with KOA, as evaluated by the VAS score. In addition, celecoxib has certain advantages in terms of better treatment effects and greater reductions in the ESR, CRP level, and complication rate.

Conclusions
Celecoxib is superior to diclofenac sodium in the treatment of KOA. However, well-designed and high-quality RCTs are still needed.
Prevalence, Characteristics, and Management of Chronic Noncancer Pain Among People Who Use Drugs: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kaboré Jean-Luc , Dassieu Lise , Roy Élise , Jutras-Aswad Didier , Bruneau Julie , Pagé M Gabrielle , Choinière Manon 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Most studies on chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) in people who use drugs (PWUD) are restricted to people attending substance use disorder treatment programs. This study assessed the prevalence of CNCP in a community-based sample of PWUD, identified factors associated with pain, and documented strategies used for pain relief.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study nested in an ongoing cohort of PWUD in Montreal, Canada. Questionnaires were administered to PWUD seen between February 2017 and January 2018. CNCP was defined as pain lasting three or more months and not associated with cancer.

Results
A total of 417 PWUD were included (mean age = 44.6 ± 10.6 years, 84% men). The prevalence of CNCP was 44.8%, and the median pain duration (interquartile range) was 12 (5–18) years. The presence of CNCP was associated with older age (&gt;45 years old; odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.2–2.7), male sex (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2–4.2), poor health condition (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.3–3.0), moderate to severe psychological distress (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.8–4.7), and less frequent cocaine use (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–0.9). Among CNCP participants, 20.3% used pain medication from other people, whereas 22.5% used alcohol, cannabis, or illicit drugs to relieve pain. Among those who asked for pain medication (N = 24), 29.2% faced a refusal from the doctor.

Conclusions
CNCP was common among PWUD, and a good proportion of them used substances other than prescribed pain medication to relieve pain. Close collaboration of pain and addiction specialists as well as better pain assessment and access to nonpharmacological treatments could improve pain management in PWUD.
PT-symmetric non-Hermitian quantum many-body system using ultracold atoms in an optical lattice with controlled dissipation
Authors: Takasu Yosuke , Yagami Tomoya , Ashida Yuto , Hamazaki Ryusuke , Kuno Yoshihito , Takahashi Yoshiro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We report our realization of a parity–time (PT)-symmetric non-Hermitian many-body system using cold atoms with dissipation. After developing a theoretical framework on PT-symmetric many-body systems using ultracold atoms in an optical lattice with controlled dissipation, we describe our experimental setup utilizing one-body atom loss as dissipation with special emphasis on calibration of important system parameters. We discuss loss dynamics observed experimentally.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Therapeutic Exercise in Chronic Low Back Pain: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cavalcante Polyanna Gomes Lacerda , Baptista Abrahão Fontes , Cardoso Vinícius Saura , Filgueiras Marcelo de Carvalho , Hasue Renata Hydee , João Silvia Maria Amado , Hazime Fuad Ahmad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Although some studies have shown the clinical benefits of therapeutic exercise in chronic nonspecific low back pain, the effect sizes are generally small to moderate and recurrence rates are high. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used to modulate pain-processing systems and motor outputs and has the potential to optimize the clinical benefits of therapeutic exercise. However, evidence for this combination is still lacking. The purpose of this protocol for a randomized clinical trial is to investigate whether the combination of tDCS and therapeutic exercise is more effective in relieving pain than therapeutic exercise alone.

Methods
This 2-arm, randomized controlled clinical trial will take place at the Federal University of Piauí, Brazil. Sixty patients will be randomized into 2 groups to receive tDCS (real/sham) + exercise therapies for 12 sessions over a period of 4 weeks. Pain intensity, sensory and affective aspects of pain, physical functioning, kinesiophobia, and global perceived effect will be recorded before treatment and at 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after randomization. Data will be collected by an examiner unaware of (blind to) the treatment allocation.

Impact
This trial can potentially provide important information and assist in clinical decision-making on the combined use of tDCS to optimize the clinical benefits of therapeutic exercise in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.
Use of Physician Global Assessment in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review of its psychometric properties
Authors: Chessa Elisabetta , Piga Matteo , Floris Alberto , Devilliers Hervé , Cauli Alberto , Arnaud Laurent 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe Physician Global Assessment (PGA) is a visual analogue score that reflects the clinician’s judgement of overall SLE disease activity. The aim of this systematic literature review is to describe and analyse the psychometric properties of the PGA.MethodsThis systematic literature review was conducted by two independent reviewers in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. All articles published through 1 July 2019 in PubMed were screened, with no limitation on year of publication, language or patients’ age. Psychometric properties data were analysed according to the OMERACT Filter methodology version 2.1.ResultsThe literature search identified 91 studies. Face validity was reported in all the articles retrieved in which the PGA was used alone or as part of composite indices (Systemic Responder Index, Safety of Estrogen in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment Flare Index, Lupus Low Disease Activity State, Definitions of Remission in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus criteria). Content validity was reported in 89 studies. Construct validity was demonstrated by a good correlation (r ≥ 0.50) between the PGA with the SLEDAI (12 studies), SLAM (4 studies), LAI, BILAG and ECLAM (2 studies each). Criterion validity was assessed exploring the PGA correlation with quality of life measurements, biomarker levels and treatment changes in 28 studies, while no study has evaluated correlation with damage. A good responsiveness for PGA was shown in eight studies. A high variability in scales was found, causing a wide range of reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.67–0.98).ConclusionPGA is a valid, responsive and feasible instrument, though its reliability was impacted by the scale adopted, suggesting the major need for standardization of its scoring.
Physiological characteristics and RNA sequencing in two root zones with contrasting nitrate assimilation of Populus × canescens
Authors: Zhou Jing , Lu Yan , Shi Wen-Guang , Deng Shu-Rong , Luo Zhi-Bin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Different root zones have distinct capacities for nitrate (NO3−) uptake in Populus species, but the underlying physiological and microRNA (miRNA) regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. To address this question, two root zones of Populus × canescens (Ait.) Smith. with contrasting capacities for NO3− uptake were investigated. The region of 0–40 mm (root zone I) to the root apex displayed net influxes, whereas the region of 40–80 mm (root zone II) exhibited net effluxes. Concentrations of NO3− and ammonium (NH4+) as well as nitrate reductase activity were lower in zone II than in zone I. Forty one upregulated and twenty three downregulated miRNAs, and 576 targets of these miRNAs were identified in zone II in comparison with zone I. Particularly, growth-regulating factor 4 (GRF4), a target of upregulated ptc-miR396g-5p and ptc-miR396f_L + 1R-1, was downregulated in zone II in comparison with zone I, probably contributing to lower NO3− uptake rates and assimilation in zone II. Furthermore, several miRNAs and their targets, members of C2H2 zinc finger family and APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element binding protein family, were found in root zones, which probably play important roles in regulating NO3− uptake. These results indicate that differentially expressed miRNA–target pairs play key roles in regulation of distinct NO3− uptake rates and assimilation in different root zones of poplars.
Rates of Maternal and Perinatal Mortality and Vertical Transmission in Pregnancies Complicated by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Co-V-2) Infection
Authors: Huntley Benjamin J. F. , Huntley Erin S. , Di Mascio Daniele , Chen Tracy , Berghella Vincenzo , Chauhan Suneet P. 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To ascertain the frequency of maternal and neonatal complications, as well as maternal disease severity, in pregnancies affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

DATA SOURCES:
MEDLINE, Ovid, ClinicalTrials.gov, MedRxiv, and Scopus were searched from their inception until April 29, 2020. The analysis was limited to reports with at least 10 pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection that reported on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
Inclusion criteria were pregnant women with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A systematic search of the selected databases was performed by implementing a strategy that included the MeSH terms, key words, and word variants for “coronavirus,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “COVID-19,” and “pregnancy.r The primary outcomes were maternal admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), critical disease, and death. Secondary outcomes included rate of preterm birth, cesarean delivery, vertical transmission, and neonatal death. Categorical variables were expressed as percentages with number of cases and 95% CIs.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
Of the 99 articles identified, 13 included 538 pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection, with reported outcomes on 435 (80.9%) deliveries. Maternal ICU admission occurred in 3.0% of cases (8/263, 95% CI 1.6–5.9) and maternal critical disease in 1.4% (3/209, 95% CI 0.5–4.1). No maternal deaths were reported (0/348, 95% CI 0.0–1.1). The preterm birth rate was 20.1% (57/284, 95% CI 15.8–25.1), the cesarean delivery rate was 84.7% (332/392, 95% CI 80.8–87.9), the vertical transmission rate was 0.0% (0/310, 95% CI 0.0–1.2), and the neonatal death rate was 0.3% (1/313, 95% CI 0.1–1.8).

CONCLUSION:
With data from early in the pandemic, it is reassuring that there are low rates of maternal and neonatal mortality and vertical transmission with SARS-CoV-2. The preterm birth rate of 20% and the cesarean delivery rate exceeding 80% seems related to geographic practice patterns.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:
PROSPERO, CRD42020181497.
The reduction of CA 125 serum levels in BRCA 1/2 mutation carriers after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy is only partially associated with surgery: a prospective cohort, other biomarker controlled, study
Authors: Grandi Giovanni , Del Savio Maria Chiara , Sammarini Margaret , Cortesi Laura , Toss Angela , Piombino Claudia , Facchinetti Fabio 
Published: June 2020

Objectives
A significant reduction in CA 125 postoperative serum levels was observed after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in BRCA mutation carriers. In contrast to previous studies, where control groups were absent, we conducted a prospective study including also a screening only group (RSSO refusal) and a group having previously undergone RRSO.

Methods
Consecutive BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, not hysterectomised, >35 years old and with completed childbearing, were recruited. Some women had previously undergone RRSO (previous RRSO group). The others, who had either chosen RRSO (actual RRSO group) or screening only (screening only group), were enrolled (patient-preference trial). A prospective evaluation (basal and 6-month) of CA 125 and CEA (control biomarker) was performed.

Results
The study consisted of 116 women, 44.8% BRCA1 and 55.2% BRCA2 mutation carriers (n = 25 in the previous RRSO group, n = 29 in the actual RRSO group, n = 62 in the screening only group). For all subjects, we observed a 6-month decrease in CA 125 (−7.8%, P = 0.003), which was significantly linked only to endometriosis history (odds ratio 1.4; 95% confidence interval 1.1–1.8; P = 0.002). Between different groups, we recorded a non-significantly different decrease in CA 125. CEA showed a 6 months significant increase (+15.4%, P < 0.0001), which was similar between groups.

Conclusion
The decrease in CA 125 in BRCA mutation carriers after RRSO was only partially associated with surgery, depending also on a physiological decline: this is extremely important in their longitudinal monitoring for the prevention of ovarian cancer.
Methadone for postoperative analgesia: contribution of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonism
Authors: Tognoli Emiliano , Proto Paolo L. , Motta Giuliana , Galeone Carlotta , Mariani Luigi , Valenza Franco 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND
Over the past number of years, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) inhibitory drugs, like ketamine, have been introduced as adjuvant treatments for postoperative acute pain, within a multimodal approach. A further extension of this strategy could be the use of opioids with NMDA receptor (NMDAr) antagonism activity for control of postoperative pain. Methadone has a unique pharmacodynamic profile: it is both a μ-agonist and an NMDAr-blocker.

OBJECTIVE
We designed this study to investigate the precise contribution of NMDAr antagonism in methadone-induced analgesia.

DESIGN
Single-centre, prospective, randomised, double-blind study.

SETTING
National Cancer Center – Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano; patients were recruited between March 2010 and June 2012.

PATIENTS
Ninety-six patients scheduled for an open laparotomy for anterior resection of the rectum.

INTERVENTIONS
We randomly assigned patients to four groups: 0-Mo (placebo and morphine), K-Mo [S(+)-ketamine and morphine], 0-Me (placebo and methadone), K-Me [S(+)-ketamine and methadone].

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary end-point was the extent of mechanical static (punctuate) hyperalgesia to von Frey hair stimulation lateral to the surgical incision.

RESULTS
Peri-incisional hyperalgesia was 8.4 cm (95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 15.41) lower in the treatment group (K-Me) compared with the control group (0-Mo) at 24 h after surgery (P
= 0.02). No significant differences were observed between the groups at 48 h after surgery (P
= 0.88). Both groups treated with methadone had significantly lower pain during rest and movement, as measured with a Numerical Rating Scale at 24 h. At 48 h, only the movement Numerical Rating Scale was significantly lower. No difference occurred in opioid consumption.

CONCLUSION
Methadone provides effective control of acute postoperative pain, independently, by modulation of the hyperalgesia mechanism.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov, no.: NCT01594047.
Primary Breast Augmentation Using Axillary Skin Incision, Submuscular Implants, and Intraoperative Tissue Expansion
Authors: Wieslander Jan B. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Primary breast augmentation in small, pointed, or tubular breasts using axillary skin incision, submuscular cohesive gel implants, and intraoperative tissue expansion dramatically reduces complications.

Methods:
A 2.5- to 3.5-cm-long incision is made in the hair-bearing part of the axillae beside a natural fold. Incisions are opened using dissection away from the axillae, and an opening is made underneath the muscle on top of the thoracic cage. Blunt finger dissection is performed, and temporary breast expanders and special dissectors are inserted. The expanders create volume and desired breast shape. Sterility is ensured by entering implant pockets only with expanders and elevators and changing gloves before placing implants. No irrigation or antibiotic solution is used on implants or in the pockets. One thousand three hundred ten breast augmentations were performed between 2004 and 2019 (including a 2-year follow-up) using textured, cohesive round implants. Patients were followed up 3–4 months postoperatively. The parameters analyzed were size, shape, firmness, scars, and sensation in the nipple areola complexes. Patients contacted the clinic if problems occurred.

Results:
Of the 1,310 patients, only 2 had a Baker grade 3–4 capsular contraction. We also found 2 cases of implant rupture at the end of the 10-year guarantee period. Implants were replaced with identical ones. No infections were seen. Six cases of implant malposition were corrected by surgery. The total number of reoperations was 10 (0.8%).

Conclusions:
The axillary skin incision is an extremely efficient technique with few complications. The lymphatic drainage system is preserved, and implant pockets are left in a virgin state.
Clinical impact of sleep-disordered breathing on very short-term blood pressure variability determined by pulse transit time
Authors: Misaka Tomofumi , Niimura Yuko , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Wada Kento , Kimishima Yusuke , Yokokawa Tetsuro , Abe Satoshi , Oikawa Masayoshi , Kaneshiro Takashi , Kobayashi Atsushi , Yamaki Takayoshi , Kunii Hiroyuki , Takeishi Yasuchika 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and blood pressure variability (BPV) are strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases. Recently, pulse transit time (PTT) has enabled the monitoring of beat-to-beat BP; however, little is known about its clinical utility. The present study aimed to clarify the impact of SDB on very short-term BPV determined by PTT-based BP monitoring (PTT-BP).

Methods:
We analyzed 242 patients with suspected SDB. PTT-BP was continuously recorded overnight together with a portable sleep monitor. PTT index was defined as the average number of transient rises in PTT-BP (≥12 mmHg) within 30 s/h. We compared PTT-BP values with each SDB parameter, and examined the association between BPV and subclinical organ damage.

Results:
Standard deviation (SD) of systolic, mean or diastolic PTT-BP, which indicates very short-term BPV, was significantly correlated with apnea--hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI). PTT index was positively associated with AHI, ODI, and minimal SpO2. Regression analyses showed that AHI and ODI were significant variables to determine systolic, mean, or diastolic PTT-BP SD and PTT index. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that diastolic PTT-BP SD significantly influenced the presence of chronic kidney disease and left ventricular hypertrophy.

Conclusion:
SDB severity was closely associated with very short-term BP variability, and diastolic PTT-BP SD might be an important factor linked to subclinical organ damage. PTT-BP measurement may be useful to evaluate very short-term BPV during the night.