bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Basis of Treatments of Acute Muscle Injuries: A Short Review
Authors: Beggs Ian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMuscle strains occur frequently in recreational and professional sports. This article considers various treatment options in a biological context and reviews evidence of their efficacy. Treatments reviewed include the PRICE principle (Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation), early mobilization, physical therapy, hematoma aspiration, platelet-rich plasma injections, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and local anesthetics, cellular therapies, and surgery.
Gaelic Sport Injuries
Authors: Sullivan Charles J. , Kavanagh Eoin C. , Eustace Stephen J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Gaelic sports of hurling and football, native to Ireland, are increasing in popularity worldwide. The injury profile of these sports requires multidisciplinary management by sports physicians, orthopaedic surgeons, and musculoskeletal (MSK) radiologists, among others. Advances in imaging modalities and interventional techniques have aided the diagnosis and treatment of sport injuries. In this article, we review the literature and our own institutional experience to describe common injury patterns identified in Gaelic games athletes, their main imaging features and relevant therapeutic interventions. We discuss the increasing prevalence of imaging services at sporting events and the central role of MSK radiologists in sports injury management.
Investigation of Variables Associated with Surgical Site Infection following the Management of Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture with a Lateral Fabellotibial Suture
Authors: Cox Thomas , Maddox Thomas W. , Pettitt Robert , Wustefeld-Janssens Brandan , Innes John , Comerford Eithne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective This study investigated variables associated with surgical site infection (SSI) in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture managed with stifle joint examination and lateral fabellotibial suture stabilization.Study Design A retrospective study of dogs that had stifle arthroscopy, stifle arthrotomy, or a combination of both, followed by lateral fabellotibial suture stabilization for cranial cruciate ligament rupture. All cases had a minimum follow-up of 90 days. Lameness grades were recorded preoperatively, and at 6-week and final follow-up.Results One hundred fifty procedures in 130 dogs met the inclusion criteria. Overall, SSI rate was 17.3% and removal of the lateral fabellotibial suture was performed in 53% of SSI. Multivariable analysis showed significant association between SSI and bodyweight (p = 0.013), and induction using propofol (p = 0.029). Multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis showed a greater proportion of dogs had a higher lameness grade at 6-week (p = 0.021) and final follow-up (p = 0.002) assessments in the infected compared with non-infected dogs.Conclusion Our study demonstrated a higher SSI incidence than previously reported in dogs undergoing a lateral fabellotibial suture for cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Bodyweight and induction with propofol were identified as significant risk factors for postoperative SSI. Owners could be advised of an increased SSI risk in larger dogs and consideration should be given to selection of induction agent. Dogs that develop an SSI have a worse lameness grade at 6-week and final follow-up.
Perianal Abscesses and Fistulas in Infants and Children
Authors: Gosemann Jan-Hendrik , Lacher Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPerianal abscess (PA) and fistula-in-ano (FIA) are common entities in infancy. Although several hypotheses have been suggested, the pathogenesis of PA/FIA remains elusive. The natural course of these diseases in infancy is self-limiting in the majority of cases whereas older children show similarities to PA/FIA in adults. It is important to rule out rare differential diagnoses of PA/FIA such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), surgical complications after colorectal surgery, and immunodeficiencies. Treatment remains empiric, comprises conservative, as well as surgical approaches, and is dependent on the age of the patient. This review summarizes anatomical aspects, current evidence on disease pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management of pediatric patients with PA and FIA.
Esophageal Atresia and Associated Duodenal Atresia: A Cohort Study and Review of the Literature
Authors: Miscia Maria Enrica , Lauriti Giuseppe , Di Renzo Dacia , Riccio Angela , Lisi Gabriele , Lelli Chiesa Pierluigi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Esophageal atresia (EA) is associated with duodenal atresia (DA) in 3 to 6% of cases. The management of this association is controversial and literature is scarce on the topic.
Materials and Methods We aimed to (1) review the patients with EA + DA treated at our institution and (2) systematically review the English literature, including case series of three or more patients.
Results Cohort study: Five of seventy-four patients with EA had an associated DA (6.8%). Four of five cases (80%) underwent primary repair of both atresia, one of them with gastrostomy placement (25%). One of five cases (20%) had a delayed diagnosis of DA. No mortality has occurred. Systematic Review: Six of six-hundred forty-five abstract screened were included (78 patients). Twenty-four of sixty-eight (35.3%) underwent primary correction of EA + DA, and 36/68 (52.9%) underwent staged correction. Nine of thirty-six (25%) had a missed diagnosis of DA. Thirty-six of sixty-eight underwent gastrostomy placement. Complications were observed in 14/36 patients (38.9 ± 8.2%). Overall mortality reported was 41.0 ± 30.1% (32/78 patients), in particular its incidence was 41.7 ± 27.0% after a primary treatment and 37.0 ± 44.1% following a staged approach.
Conclusion The management of associated EA and DA remains controversial. It seems that the staged or primary correction does not affect the mortality. Surgeons should not overlook DA when correcting an EA.
An option contract model for leasing containers in the shipping industry
Authors: Gómez-Padilla Alejandra , González-Ramírez Rosa G. , Alarcón Fernando , Voß Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe propose an option contract model for the leasing of containers. In an option contract, the shipping company commits to order a quantity of containers from the leasing company and has the right to modify its order at a later stage, according to its actual requirement. Under this scheme, the shipping company is allowed to request a smaller or larger number of containers than the agreed initial order. This is done by buying an option premium in advance from the container leasing company. We present numerical results for different scenarios based on information provided by experts in the industry. For the purposes of comparison, a nonoption contract scheme is also evaluated. According to our numerical results, an option contract is better under a scenario where demand is normally distributed with a large standard deviation. This scenario is commonly observed in practice due to the dynamism and volatility of the shipping industry. We conclude that, under an option contract scheme, the shipping company has more flexibility to adjust its demand for containers and to be requested from the leasing company, and this adjustment is compensated by an option price determined according to variations in demand.
Generalised hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy of two-level atoms in an optically dense medium
Authors: Barantsev K.A. , Zanon-Willette T. , Litvinov A.N. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The peculiarities of Ramsey resonance and its sensitivity to the light shift from an optically dense medium of cold atoms are investigated. Different composite pulse protocols for clock spectroscopy, including hyper-Ramsey, modified and generalised hyper-Ramsey schemes, are compared. Error signals change significantly due to the processes of absorption and dispersion in the atomic medium. The dependence of the position of the central fringe resonance with a residual uncompensated light shift of the atomic transition is studied with the attenuation of the radiation intensity in the medium taken into account. It is shown that using a combination of generalised hyper-Ramsey error signals allows one to suppress the sensitivity to the light shift for any length of the medium.
Formation and optical properties of IR photoluminescence centres in bismuth-containing aluminophosphate glass
Authors: Romanov A.N. , Haula E.V. , Korchak V.N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe have prepared aluminophosphate glass samples differing in bismuth oxide content and demonstrating broadband near-IR photoluminescence. Analysis of their photoluminescence spectra leads us to conclude that they contain two main types of emission centres, one of which seems to be a bismuth monocation and the other is a cluster ion. In addition to these luminescence centres, the aluminophosphate glasses contain a nonluminescent bismuth-containing centre responsible for the broad, strong optical absorption band peaking at 450 nm.
Quantum gates on asynchronous atomic excitations
Authors: Ozhigov Yu.I. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A method for realising a universal system of quantum gates based on asynchronous excitations of two-level atoms in optical cavities is proposed. The entangling operator of the CSign type is implemented without beam splitters, approximately, using the incommensurability of the Rabi oscillation periods in a cavity with single and double excitations.
Nonlinear Thomson scattering of a tightly focused relativistically intense laser pulse by an ensemble of particles
Authors: Vais O.E. , Bychenkov V.Yu. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We report a study of the process of nonlinear Thomson scattering (NTS) of a tightly focused relativistically intense laser pulse by an ensemble of electrons simulating the result of ionisation of an ultrathin nanofoil. The description of all six components of a laser pulse is based on the Stratton – Chu integrals describing radiation focused by an off-axis parabolic mirror into a spot down to the diffraction limit, which is of practical interest for modern experiments with extreme-intensity lasers, including diagnostics of their parameters. The interaction of a laser pulse with electrons is simulated by the test-particle method, and the resulting trajectories are used to calculate the characteristics of secondary electromagnetic radiation. The effect of the laser-pulse focal spot diameter in the range λ – 6λ on the angular distributions of the radiated energy and NTS spectra, as well as of a laser-beam peak intensity of 1021 – 1022 W cm−2 on the spectral width of the secondary radiation is studied in relation to the experimentally implemented focusing scheme using the example of a laser pulse with an initial homogeneous spatial distribution and a duration of ∼25 fs.
Homogeneous broadening in the spectrum of a broadband erbium-doped fibre light source
Authors: Morshnev S.K. , Starostin N.I. , Przhiyalkovsky Ya.V. , Sazonov A.I. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Interference of wave trains separated out in an inhomogeneous emission spectrum of a superluminescent erbium-doped fibre source has been studied by scanning the wavelength of a spectrum analyser. The results demonstrate that, as the spectral resolution of the spectrum analyser decreases to a level corresponding to a sharp drop in interference fringe visibility relative to its original level, near 100 %, fringe visibility becomes dependent on the wavelength in the inhomogeneous spectrum of the source. The reason for this is that, at some characteristic resolution δλ (δλ > 0.5 nm in our case), the coherence time of wave trains is not limited by the spectral resolution of the spectrum analyser and is related to the inhomogeneous spectrum of the source, whose limiting width can be thought of as the homogeneous linewidth in the spectrum of the source. This feature can be used for evaluating homogeneous line broadening.
Imaging broadband soft X-ray transmission-grating spectrograph for a wavelength range λ > 111 Å
Authors: Kolesnikov A.O. , Vishnyakov E.A. , Ragozin E.N. , Shatokhin A.N. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A family of aperiodic Mo/Be multilayer mirrors was designed for maximum uniform reflectivity in the ranges 111 – 138, 111 – 150, 111 – 200 and 111 – 222 Å at normal radiation incidence. The simulations took into account the existence of Mo-on-Be and Be-on-Mo transition layers. It was shown that the reflectivity may be as high as 10% in an octave wavelength range of 111 – 222 Å. We demonstrate the operation of an imaging transmission-grating spectrograph with a broadband Mo/Be multilayer mirror with a uniform reflectivity in the wavelength range 111 – 138 Å synthesised at the Institute for the Physics of Microstructures, RAS. The spectrograph was used to record the line spectra of multiply charged fluorine and magnesium ions from a laser-produced plasma. The role of the grating support structure in the formation of spectral source images is discussed. The spatial resolution of 50 μm is demonstrated.
Viricidal and bactericidal exciplex barrier-discharge lamps
Authors: Sosnin E.A. , Zhdanova O.S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A brief review is presented of investigations performed in 2002 – 2020 on ultraviolet inactivation of bacteria, vital cells, and viruses by using excilamps. The excilamp models that have been developed at the Institute of High-Current Electronics, SB RAS are briefly described. Scientific data acquired by now show that excilamps on KrCl*, KrBr*, and XeBr* molecules are an alternative to low-pressure mercury lamps with respect to optical parameters. These sources of optical radiation exhibit a bactericidal effect, and emission of KrCl and KrBr excilamps demonstrates viricidal action. The latter is actual due to expansion of coronavirus disease.
Concurrent complex and endurance training for recreational marathon runners: Effects on neuromuscular and running performance
Authors: Li Fei , Nassis George P. , Shi Yue , Han Guangqiang , Zhang Xiaohui , Gao Binghong , Ding Haiyong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMarathon performance is influenced by factors such as aerobic capacity and those related to neuromuscular function. Complex training (CPX) is a multicomponent training method, wherein heavy strength and plyometric exercises alternate within a single session and is an effective method to improve neuromuscular adaptations. This study compared the effects of CPX, heavy strength training (HST) and endurance‐strength (EST) combined with running endurance training on neuromuscular adaptations and running performance in 38 recreational marathoners (age:31.4 ± 3.8 years, VO2max:57.6 ± 6.8 ml·kg−1·min−1). Athletes were allocated in 3 groups: CPX, HST and EST and were tested for one maximum repetition strength (1RM), squat jump and countermovement jumps (SJ, CMJ), leg press (LP) concentric and eccentric strength, running economy (RE) and velocity at VO2max (vVO2max) before and after the 6‐week intervention. CPX and HST were performed 2 times per week in conjunction with the running endurance training. RE and vVO2max improved in CPX and HST groups (p < 0.01, RE: −5% to −6.4%, vVO2max: 5.7% and 4.2%, respectively) with no change in EST. Similarly, all neuromuscular performance indicators improved in CPX and HST (p < 0.0167, 1RM strength:19.7% to 25.1%, SJ and CMJ: 5.3% to 11.6%, LP concentric and eccentric strength: 5.5% to 18.0%). In summary, 6‐week of concurrent CPX or HST and endurance training resulted in similar improvement in maximum strength, RE, and vVO2max. Importantly, both CPX and HST training resulted in greater improvements in eccentric strength and RE compared to EST that performed concurrent endurance‐strength and endurance training.
Symplectic structure for general relativity and Einstein–Brillouin–Keller quantization
Authors: Kurihara Yoshimasa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Hamiltonian system of general relativity and its quantization without any matter or gauge fields are discussed on the basis of the symplectic geometrical theory. A symplectic geometry of classical general relativity is constructed using a generalized phase space for pure gravity. Prequantization of the symplectic manifold is performed according to the standard procedure of geometrical quantization. Quantum vacuum solutions are chosen from among the classical solutions under the Einstein–Brillouin–Keller quantization condition. A topological correction of quantum solutions, namely the Maslov index, is realized using a prequantization bundle. In addition, a possible mass spectrum of Schwarzschild black holes is discussed.
On uniqueness of static asymptotically anti-de Sitter black hole
Authors: He Xiaokai , Cao Zhoujian , Fang Xiongjun , Jing Jiliang , Wu Xiaoning 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime with a hypersurface orthogonal Killing vector field is discussed near the conformal boundary by using Newman–Penrose formalism. We first investigate the multipole structure of a static, asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime. We note that, different to asymptotically flat case in which the multipoles are contained in

Ψ

0

k

, the multipoles of a static, asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime are all contained in

Ψ

2

0

. We then show that the Schwarzschild anti-de Sitter spacetime is the only asymptotically anti-de Sitter, vacuum, static, axisymmetric, type-D analytic solution of vacuum Einstein equation with a negative cosmological constant in a Bondi coordinate neighborhood of the conformal boundary if the spherical harmonic expansion of

Ψ

2

0

is finite.
Backward problems in time for fractional diffusion-wave equation
Authors: Floridia G , Yamamoto M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this article, for a time-fractional diffusion-wave equation

∂

t

α

u

(

x
,
t

)

=
−
A
u

(

x
,
t

)

, 0 < t < T with fractional order α ∈ (1, 2), we consider the backward problem in time: determine u(⋅, t), 0 < t < T by u(⋅, T) and ∂
t

u(⋅, T). We prove that there exists a countably infinite set Λ ⊂ (0, ∞) with a unique accumulation point 0 such that the backward problem is well-posed for T ∉ Λ.
Influence of micro-patterning of the growth template on defect reduction and optical properties of non-polar

(112ˉ0)

GaN
Authors: Bruckbauer Jochen , Gong Yipin , Jiu Ling , Wallace Michael J , Ipsen Anja , Bauer Sebastian , Müller Raphael , Bai Jie , Thonke Klaus , Wang Tao , Trager-Cowan Carol , Martin Robert W 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We investigate the influence of different types of template micro-patterning on defect reduction and optical properties of non-polar GaN using detailed luminescence studies. Non-polar

(
11

2
ˉ

0
)

(or a-plane) GaN exhibits a range of different extended defects compared with its more commonly used c-plane counterpart. In order to reduce the number of defects and investigate their impact on luminescence uniformity, non-polar GaN was overgrown on four different GaN microstructures. The micro-patterned structures consist of a regular microrod array; a microrod array where the −c-side of the microrods has been etched to suppress defect generation; etched periodic stripes and finally a subsequent combination of etched stripes and etched microrods (double overgrowth). Overall the presence of extended defects, namely threading dislocations and stacking faults (SFs) is greatly reduced for the two samples containing stripes compared with the two microrod samples. This is evidenced by more uniform emission and reduction in dark regions of non-radiative recombination in room temperature cathodoluminescence imaging as well as a reduction of the SF emission line in low temperature photoluminescence. The observed energy shifts of the GaN near band edge emission are related to anisotropic strain relaxation occurring during the overgrowth on these microstructures. A combination of stripes and microrods is a promising approach for defect reduction and emission uniformity in non-polar GaN for applications in light-emitting devices as well as power electronics.
Fracture behaviour of pristine and defective form of water submerged h-BN nanosheets
Authors: Sharma Bharat Bhushan , Parashar Avinash 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets are emerging as potential candidates to replace polymeric membrane for water purification. Synthesizing the membrane size of immaculate h-BN is a fictitious concept. So far, no articles have reported on the fracture behaviour of pristine and defective h-BN nanosheets in a water-submerged state. In this article, classical mechanics-based simulations were employed to study the effect of the hydrogen functionalization of sp-hybridized crack edge atoms and spatial distribution of Stone–Thrower–Wales (STW) and dislocation defects on the fracture properties of water-submerged h-BN nanosheets. Classical mechanics-based simulations were carried out with the help of hybrid-type interatomic potential in which reactive force field and transferable intermolecular potentials were used for arresting the atomistic interaction in h-BN and water, respectively, while for interfacial interactions, Lennard–Jones potential was employed. Enhancement in the values of fracture toughness of h-BN was investigated in the prescence of water molecules compared to in a dry state. It was deduced from the results that passivation, as well as the spatial distribution of STW defects, have a deteriorating effect on the values of fracture toughness of h-BN in the dry state, but water molecules help in nullifying a negative affect. Compared to the spatial distribution of dislocations, the STW type of defects have a more pronounced effect on the values of fracture toughness of h-BN water-submerged state. It can be predicted from the simulations that these improved fracture toughness values in a water-submerged state will help in developing these nanosheets as an effective desalination membrane in water purification.
Microscopic evidence for Mn-induced long range magnetic ordering in MAX phase compounds
Authors: Maniv A , Reyes A P , Ramakrishna S K , Graf D , Huq A , Potashnikov D , Rivin O , Pesach A , Tao Q , Rosen J , Felner I , Caspi E N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Zero and low field nuclear magnetic resonance measurements have been performed on MAX phase samples (Cr1−x
Mn
x
)2AC with A = Ge and Ga in order to obtain local microscopic information on the nature of magnetism in this system. Our results unambiguously provide evidence for the existence of long-range magnetic order in (Cr0.96Mn0.04)2GeC and for (Cr0.93Mn0.07)2GaC, but not for (Cr0.97Mn0.03)2GaC. We point to a possible dependence of long range magnetic order in these MAX phase compounds on the A atom.