bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Four Apparently Cold Dusty Galaxies at z = 3.62–5.85 in the COSMOS Field: Direct Evidence of Cosmic Microwave Background Impact on High-redshift Galaxy Observables
Authors: Jin S. , Daddi E. , Magdis G. E. , Liu D. , Schinnerer E. , Papadopoulos P. P. , Gu Q. , Gao Y. , Calabrò A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We report Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of four high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxy candidates selected from far-infrared (FIR)/submillimeter observations in the COSMOS field. We securely detect all galaxies in the continuum and spectroscopically confirm them at z = 3.62–5.85 using ALMA 3 mm line scans, detecting multiple CO and/or [C i] transitions. This includes the most distant dusty galaxy currently known in the COSMOS field, ID85001929 at z = 5.847. These redshifts are lower than we had expected, as these galaxies have substantially colder dust temperatures (i.e., their spectral energy distributions peak at longer rest-frame wavelengths) than most literature sources at z > 4. The observed cold dust temperatures are best understood as evidence for optically thick dust continuum in the FIR, rather than the result of low star formation efficiency with rapid metal enrichment. We provide direct evidence that, given their cold spectral energy distributions, cosmic microwave background (CMB) plays a significant role in biasing their observed Rayleigh–Jeans (RJ) slopes to unlikely steep values and, possibly, reducing their CO fluxes by a factor of two. We recover standard RJ slopes when the CMB contribution is taken into account. High-resolution ALMA imaging shows compact morphology and evidence for mergers. This work reveals a population of cold dusty star-forming galaxies that were underrepresented in current surveys and are even colder than typical main-sequence galaxies at the same redshift. High FIR dust optical depth might be a widespread feature of compact starbursts at any redshift.
ALMA Observations of Atomic Carbon [C i] (3P1 → 3P0) and Low-J CO Lines in the Starburst Galaxy NGC 1808
Authors: Salak Dragan , Nakai Naomasa , Seta Masumichi , Miyamoto Yusuke 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present [C i]

, 12CO, 13CO, and C18O (

) observations of the central region (radius 1 kpc) of the starburst galaxy NGC 1808 at 30–50 pc resolution conducted with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Radiative transfer analysis of multiline data indicates warm (

K) and dense (

cm−3) molecular gas with high column density of atomic carbon (

cm−2) in the circumnuclear disk (central 100 pc). The C i/H2 abundance in the central 1 kpc is

, consistent with the values in luminous infrared galaxies. The intensity ratios of [C i]/CO (1–0) and [C i]/CO (3–2), respectively, decrease and increase with radius in the central 1 kpc, whereas [C i]/CO (2–1) is uniform within statistical errors. The result can be explained by excitation and optical depth effects, since the effective critical density of CO (2–1) is comparable to that of [C i]. The distribution of [C i] is similar to that of 13CO (2–1), and the ratios of [C i] to 13CO (2–1) and C18O (2–1) are uniform within

in the central

pc starburst disk. The results suggest that [C i]

luminosity can be used as a CO-equivalent tracer of molecular gas mass, although caution is needed when applied in resolved starburst nuclei (e.g., circumnuclear disk), where the [C i]/CO (1–0) luminosity ratio is enhanced owing to high excitation and atomic carbon abundance. The [C i]/CO (1–0) intensity ratio toward the base of the starburst-driven outflow is

, and the upper limits of the mass and kinetic energy of the atomic carbon outflow are

and

, respectively.
Histoire et politique : l’exception mexicaine
Authors: Julien-Laferrière François 
Published: December 2019

L’histoire politique du Mexique est particulièrement mouvementée. Entre monarchie et république, État unitaire et fédéralisme, le pays a hésité jusqu’au début du xx e siècle, la violence, les conflits permanents avec les États-Unis, l’emprise de l’Église, les batailles entre caciques et les trafics en tous genres n’ayant pas facilité l’établissement d’un État de droit. D’où une instabilité endémique et une corruption généralisée, tenant le peuple hors du jeu politique et freinant gravement le développement d’un pays au potentiel pourtant immense.
La mutation du présidentialisme mexicain
Authors: Espinoza Toledo Ricardo , Rey Patricia 
Published: December 2019

À la suite de la révolution mexicaine, le présidentialisme devait mettre en œuvre les réformes requises pour faire advenir la justice sociale. Mais le pouvoir, reposant sur un parti unique, centralisé et sans véritables contrepoids, s’est écarté de cet objectif et a instauré le libre-échange comme modèle de développement à partir des années 1980, instaurant le libéralisme antidémocratique. En dépit de l’alternance politique qui a fait son apparition à partir de 1997, le système politique porteur d’injustices sociales a perduré jusqu’à l’élection en juillet 2018 d’Andrés Manuel López Obrador, issu de la mobilisation sociale, qui a obtenu la majorité dans les deux chambres du Congrès. Le nouveau président aura pour tâche principale de démocratiser le gouvernement présidentiel.
Épanchement du cœur politique et mort du roi : le cas de Charles VII
Authors: Collard Franck 
Published: December 2019

Lorsque Charles VII vint à mourir le 22 juillet 1461, ce fut un deuil universel. L’expression de la douleur de la perte se laisse mal appréhender dans un monde d’émotions codifiées et normées, filtrées qui plus est par des sources enclines à la stylisation et au stéréotype, mais il est possible de mobiliser une documentation variée, produite sur le moment ou par la suite, pour saisir les manifestations de la peine éprouvée et comprendre comment les cœurs brisés des gouvernés renferment des sentiments authentiquement politiques.
« Te presentant sans nulle difference, par vraye amour, la clef de tout mon cueur ». L’offrande du cœur dans les entrées royales françaises à la Renaissance
Authors: Roy Lyse 
Published: December 2019

Parmi les nombreuses manifestations de l’amour politique mis en scène lors des entrées royales aux xv e et xvi e siècles, figure le motif de l’offrande du cœur qui rend visible l’idée abstraite de la caritas comme sentiment, lien réciproque et don. Motif récurrent jusqu’au règne d’Henri IV, il se déploie au début de l’entrée, moment crucial alors que s’établissent rituellement la relation pacifique et l’engagement réciproque entre la ville et le roi. Il apparaît associé à une conception du pouvoir qui sous-tend la réciprocité de l’autorité, partagée entre les villes, les États et la royauté et il aurait sans doute disparu des spectacles des entrées si ce n’était du contexte des guerres de Religion permettant à certaines communautés d’exprimer à leur souverain leurs attentes et de renouer le dialogue.
Réformer le travail pour sauver la planète
Authors: Ducas Marie-Claude 
Published: December 2019

Pourquoi ne changeons-nous pas nos habitudes afin d’être des citoyens plus respectueux de l’environnement ? Souvent par manque de temps. Et pourquoi sommes-nous toujours si pressés ? À cause de la pression que nous subissons au travail. Pour pouvoir changer nos comportements sur le plan environnemental, il faut d’abord transformer en profondeur le milieu du travail.
Mobiliser en dépit des distances
Authors: Cameron Ann-Frances , Gril Emmanuelle 
Published: December 2019

Avec le télétravail et la délocalisation des activités, la gestion des équipes d’employés peut vite devenir un véritable casse-tête. Quels sont les problèmes auxquels doivent faire face les gestionnaires et comment peuvent-ils s’y préparer ?
Miser sur une approche d’émergence
Authors: Renaud Janie , Harvey Jean-François 
Published: December 2019

L’environnement d’affaires étant de plus en plus incertain, les équipes de travail sont de moins en moins stables. Elles sont souvent créées de façon ponctuelle, selon les circonstances et les projets. Comment s’orchestre la formation de ces équipes temporaires alors que la réussite d’une entreprise repose sur la capacité de ses dirigeants à soutenir cette nouvelle façon de travailler ? Portrait des pratiques observées dans l’aviation civile.
Perceptions des populations sur les violences faites aux femmes au Sénégal
Authors: Leye Mamadou Makhtar , Sougou Ndeye Marème , Faye Adama , Seck Ibrahima , Dia Anta Tal 
Published: December 2019

Introduction : Le manque d’autonomisation et la pauvreté dans laquelle vivent les femmes et les filles restent des facteurs qui perpétuent les violences au sein de la société. L’objet de cette étude est d’analyser les perceptions des populations sur les violences faites aux femmes et aux filles au Sénégal. Méthode : Une étude analytique qualitative a été menée, du 10 avril au 9 mai 2017, sur l’ensemble des 11 régions du Sénégal disposant d’un tribunal de grande instance (TGI). Les participants étaient représentés par les victimes au nombre de 86, 11 procureurs des TGI, 23 chefs de services des urgences et 23 chefs de services gynécologiques. Des entretiens individuels ont été effectués. L’analyse du contenu étayée par une analyse thématique a été menée avec le logiciel Iramuteq . Résultats : Par rapport aux agressions sexuelles, le sentiment qui domine chez les victimes est celui de la perte d’une chose précieuse qui est l’hymen. Selon les prestataires, les victimes éprouvent des difficultés à honorer la facture concernant l’établissement du certificat médical. Selon les procureurs, la gestion des preuves est une grande entrave pour la prise en charge judiciaire des victimes. Conclusion : La domination de l’agresseur pousse ce dernier à utiliser des menaces pour contraindre la victime à la non-dénonciation. En effet, en matière de coercition sexuelle, la pression physique ou verbale pour avoir des relations sexuelles figurent parmi les gestes les plus fréquemment notés à cet égard. Il importe aux autorités sanitaires et judiciaires de mettre en œuvre un plan de lutte contre les violences, axé essentiellement sur la communication, en vue d’amener les populations à connaître les droits et la place qu’occupent les femmes au sein de la communauté.
Effect of Suturing on Iatrogenic Keratectasia After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Seo Kyoung Yul , Lee Joon H , Kim Moon J , Park Jung Won , Chung Eui Sang , Lee Young S , Kim Eung Kweon 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of corneal suturing on the clinical course of iatrogenic keratectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), in order to improve quality of vision and to avoid progressive deterioration of visual acuity.
METHODS: Three patients (four eyes) who had a perforation during LASIK or became keratectatic after LASIK received corneal suturing with 10-0 nylon immediately or up to 11 days after LASIK. Sutures were left in place for 1 to 4 months. Patients were followed for 20 to 23 months after suturing.
RESULTS: All eyes had a significant improvement in uncorrected and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity after suturing. The improvements in visual acuity for all patients remained unchanged after suture removal. In patient 1, keratectatic changes were not detected in the sutured eye although they were detected in the contralateral unsutured eye. In patient 2, both eyes were sutured, one immediately and the other 11 days after LASIK; no keratectatic changes were noted in either eye. Slight progression of corneal protrusion was observed in patient 3, who had corneal suturing after development of prominent keratectasia 2 weeks after LASIK. This eye showed stable but moderate keratectatic change 9 months after suture removal.
CONCLUSIONS: Flap suturing in patients during the course of keratectasia after LASIK improved both aided and unaided visual acuity. Prompt suturing seemed to provide a means of preventive management for iatrogenic keratectasia in anticipation of keratoplasty. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:40-45]
Laser Intrastromal Keratoplasty-Case Report
Authors: Jankov Mirko , Mrochen Michael , Seiler Theo 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of correcting high hyperopia by means of intrastromal implantation of a laser shaped corneal lenticule prepared from a human donor eye.
METHODS: A female patient with high hyperopia and irregular astigmatism resulting from multiple laser in situ keratomileusis procedures and lamellar keratoplasty underwent laser intrastromal keratoplasty. Her preoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 20/300 and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 20/100 with a refraction of +8.00 -1.00 x 130°. Corneal topography showed a highly irregular corneal surface. Central corneal thickness was 398 µm. Lenticule preparation included mechanical de-epithelialization of a human donor eye, keratectomy with a microkeratome, user-designed software combining a photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) treatment for +8.00 D sphere, an ablation zone of 7.0 mm, and a circumferential cut (internal diameter of 6.5 mm) for tissue ablation. Implantation involved re-lifting the flap, positioning the lenticule onto the corneal bed, and repositioning of the flap.
RESULTS: The operation was uneventful as was the early postoperative follow-up. BSCVA improved to 20/50 with +1.00 -2.25 x 120° at 2 months postoperatively. Corneal topography showed a more regular cornea with increased curvature in all meridians. Central corneal thickness increased to 600 µm.
CONCLUSION: Laser intrastroma keratoplasty may be an option for correcting high hyperopa and irregular astigmatism in eyes with a thin corneal bed. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:79-84]
Assessing the Value of Laser in situ Keratomileusis by Patient-reported Outcomes Using Quality of Life Assessment
Authors: Lee Jongho , Lee Jemyung , Park Kilho , Cho Woohyun , Kim Ji Yoon , Kang Hye-Young 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the value of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) by patient-reported outcomes using quality of life assessment.
METHOD: This study included 288 consecutive patients treated by LASIK between July and December 2001 at two eye clinics. A Myopia-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire was developed in this study. The baseline quality of life corresponding to the situation where refractive error was corrected by glasses or contact lenses before LASIK treatment was evaluated by self-administered questionnaire. The evaluation was repeated at 4 days, and 1, 3, and 6 months after LASIK treatment. All question items were rated on a scale ranging from 1 (maximal dysfunction) to 5 (minimal dysfunction).
RESULTS: Factor analysis identified 34 questions in 4 subscales-visual function, visual symptoms, social role function, and psychological well-being. The Myopia-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire subscales proved to be internally consistent (Cronbach alpha = 0.70-0.95). Criterion validity was assessed by evaluating Spearman correlation between the overall or domain-specific quality of life and traditional measures of patient status. Overall Myopia -specific Quality of Life Questionnaire score changed from 3.21 preoperatively to 3.76, 4.00, 4.07, and 4.11 at 4 days, and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery, respectively. Social role function showed the biggest improvement (score change: 1.51, P<.05), followed by psychological well-being (0.90, P<.05), visual function (0.72, P<.05), and visual symptoms (0.49, P<.05). Regression analysis results showed that the degree of uncorrected visual acuity, discomfort associated with myopia preoperatively, and location of eye center were significant factors affecting the magnitude of changes in quality of life after LASIK.
CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that the value of LASIK went beyond the clinical achievement of refractive correction and extended to the improvement of quality of life. [J Refract Surg, 2005;21:59-71.]
Development of Low Dk and Df polyimides for 5G application
Authors: Matsukawa Daisaku , Nagami Naoto , Mizuno Kohei , Saito Nobuyuki , Enomoto Tetsuya , Motobe Takeharu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We have newly developed non photosensitive and photosensitive polyimide having excellent electrical/mechanical properties. At first we have re-designed the polymer backbone in order to obtain low Dk and Df performance. As a result, our new non photosensitive PI achieved 2.9 of Dk at 20 GHz and 0.003 of Df at 20 GHz. In the next step, we selected the photo package of new PI carefully to maintain both low Dk/Df and high resolution. After that, we modified the photo initiator content, crosslinker content, and so on to have both high lithographic performance and high electrical performance. As a result, new photosentive PI cured at 320 °C showed 3.0 of Dk at 20 GHz and 0.006 of Df at 20 GHz. In addition, this material cured at 200 °C also showed 3.0 of Dk at 20 GHz and 0.009 of Df at 20 GHz. We also confirmed high mechanical properties of new PI. Elongation of this PI cured at &gt;250 °C was approximately 70 %. From lithographic aspects, new PI achieved 15 μm L/S opening with 10 μm thickness.
4-2-4 Laminate hotspot identification and joule heating effect assessment via thermoelectrical simulation
Authors: Yang Zhi , Rivera Kathryn C. , Patel Janak , Tremble Eric , Stone David B. , Choi Kwang Won , Blackshear Edmund 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Laminates or sequential build-up (SBU) laminate comprised of dielectric materials, metal traces, and metal vias not only serve as the mechanical support for the silicon integrated circuits (ICs), but also electrically connect ICs to ball grid array (BGA); by way of an embedded power delivery structure. Electrical current required to power the ICs is carried through spatially distributed metal traces and vias. The non-uniformity in the power distribution may induce hotspots due to parasitic Ohmic heating; especially in regions with high current density. Electrical packaging engineers need effective tools to identify, quantify, and mitigate hot spots in the laminate. Thermoelectrical multiphysical simulation provides a robust platform integrating the electrical, and thermal analyses for the study of joule heating in a complex design. Conventional simulations simplify detailed laminate wiring layout as a single planar with effective orthogonal material properties. Such simplification provides a solution to the inherent simulation challenges encountered with a complex design (i.e. tiny characteristic lengths, high aspect ratios, excessive computational time and resources). However, simplification comes with a price. Information required to optimize the detail trace and via wiring physical design is unavailable in a solution incorporating an effective laminate; laminate joule heating as well as non-uniform trace wiring are left out. The laminate temperature profile is averaged based on effective material properties. Without accurate joule heating evaluation, the hotspots cannot be identified or quantified. Overheating inside the laminate compromises signal speed and integrity, raises reliability concerns, and may even trigger catastrophic damage of dielectric material breakdown.
This work introduces an iterative approach integrating the detailed laminate electrical computer aided design (ECAD) and package design to simulate the joule heating with minimum simplification. The iterative loop enables constant update of temperature (thru thermal simulation platform) and power distribution (thru electrical simulation platform) in each trace layer and via. An accurate temperature dependent Joule Heating assessment is achieved upon convergence. The solution captures the dependence on temperature of the material properties and of the Joule heating itself. The package level structure including an IC with a power map is incorporated to simulate in-situ package operating condition. After thorough investigation and analyses of laminate joule heating phenomena under different conditions, a predictive curve for maximum temperature rise percentage has been proposed to guide laminate wiring layout physical design and optimization. A ratio exceeding 4–5% joule heating to IC power is recommended as the check point for simulation to assess laminate overheating issues with detailed trace layout information.
Development of High Thermally Conductive Die Attach for TIM Applications
Authors: Patelka Maciej , Ikeda Sho , Sasaki Koji , Myodo Hiroki , Mizumura Nortisuka 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
High power semiconductor applications require a Thermal Interface Die Attach Material with high thermal conductivity to efficiently release the heat generated from these devices. Current Thermal Interface Material solutions such as thermal grease, thermal pads and silicones have been industry standards, however may fall short in performance for high temperature or high-power applications. This presentation will focus on development of a cutting-edge Die Attach Solution for Thermal Interface Management, focusing on Fusion Type epoxy-based Ag adhesive with an extremally low Storage Modulus and the Thermal Conductivity reaching up to 30W/mK, and also Very Low Modulus, Low-Temperature Pressureless Sintered Silver Die Attach with the Thermal Conductivity of 70W/mK.
Nearly Parallel G2-structures with Large Symmetry Group
Authors: Podestà Fabio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe prove the existence of a one-parameter family of nearly parallel G2-structures on the manifold $\text{S}^{3}\times \mathbb{R}^{4}$, which are mutually non-isomorphic and invariant under the cohomogeneity one action of the group SU(2)3. This family connects the two locally homogeneous nearly parallel G2-structures that are induced by the homogeneous ones on the sphere S7.
Long-lived high-frequency gravity waves in the atmospheric boundary layer: observations and simulations
Authors: Jia Mingjiao , Yuan Jinlong , Wang Chong , Xia Haiyun , Wu Yunbin , Zhao Lijie , Wei Tianwen , Wu Jianfei , Wang Lu , Gu Sheng-Yang , Liu Liqun , Lu Dachun , Chen Rulong , Xue Xianghui , Dou Xiankang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. A long-lived gravity wave (GW) in the atmospheric
boundary layer (ABL) is analysed during a field experiment in Anqing, China
(30∘37′ N, 116∘58′ E).
Persistent GWs with periods ranging from 10 to 30 min over 10 h in the
ABL within a 2 km height are detected by a coherent Doppler lidar from 4 to
5 September 2018. The amplitudes of the vertical wind due to these GWs are
approximately 0.15–0.2 m s−1. The lifetimes of these GWs
are longer than 20 wave cycles. There is no apparent phase progression with
altitude. The vertical and zonal perturbations in the GWs are 90∘
out of phase, with vertical perturbations generally leading to zonal
ones. Based on experiments and simplified two-dimensional computational
fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations, a reasonable generation
mechanism of this persistent wave is proposed. A westerly low-level jet of
∼5 m s−1 exists at an altitude of 1–2 km in the ABL. The wind shear around the low-level jet leads to wave generation
under the condition of light horizontal wind. Furthermore, a combination of
thermal and Doppler ducts occurs in the ABL. Thus, the ducted wave motions
are trapped in the ABL and have long lifetimes.