bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Impact of Describing New Species on Phylogenetic Patterns
Authors: Blackburn D C , Giribet G , Soltis D E , Stanley E L 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough our inventory of Earth’s biodiversity remains incomplete, we still require analyses using the Tree of Life to understand evolutionary and ecological patterns. Because incomplete sampling may bias our inferences, we must evaluate how future additions of newly discovered species might impact analyses performed today. We describe an approach that uses taxonomic history and phylogenetic trees to characterize the impact of past species discoveries on phylogenetic knowledge using patterns of branch-length variation, tree shape, and phylogenetic diversity. This provides a framework for assessing the relative completeness of taxonomic knowledge of lineages within a phylogeny. To demonstrate this approach, we use recent large phylogenies for amphibians, reptiles, flowering plants, and invertebrates. Well-known clades exhibit a decline in the mean and range of branch lengths that are added each year as new species are described. With increased taxonomic knowledge over time, deep lineages of well-known clades become known such that most recently described new species are added close to the tips of the tree, reflecting changing tree shape over the course of taxonomic history. The same analyses reveal other clades to be candidates for future discoveries that could dramatically impact our phylogenetic knowledge. Our work reveals that species are often added non-randomly to the phylogeny over multiyear time-scales in a predictable pattern of taxonomic maturation. Our results suggest that we can make informed predictions about how new species will be added across the phylogeny of a given clade, thus providing a framework for accommodating unsampled undescribed species in evolutionary analyses.
Rectal and seminal HIV-1 RNA decay towards virological suppression in infected MSM initiating dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine
Authors: Fernández-González Marta , García José A , Padilla Sergio , García-Abellán Javier , Agulló Vanesa , Gutiérrez Félix , Masiá Mar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe time at which the protective effect of starting ART is achieved in male rectal and genital reservoirs is not clearly established.ObjectivesTo quantify HIV-1 RNA decay towards virological suppression in rectal mucosa and semen in MSM starting dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine (DTG/ABC/3TC).MethodsA longitudinal cohort study of ART-naive HIV-positive MSM was performed. HIV-1 RNA was quantified in rectal mucosa and seminal plasma samples at day 1 of ART initiation (baseline) and every 4 weeks until week 20 (w20; all participants) and week 64 (w64; 6 of 12 participants).ResultsTwelve MSM, with median (IQR) age 36 (33–40) years and baseline CD4+ count 449 (411–503) cells/mm3, were included. At baseline, HIV-1 RNA was detectable in all plasma and seminal samples and 10/12 rectal samples. All participants achieved plasma virological suppression by w20, whereas HIV-1 RNA was detectable in 42% and 50% of seminal and rectal samples, respectively. At w64, HIV-1 RNA was detectable in 1/6 seminal and 1/6 rectal samples. A relationship of baseline seminal and rectal HIV-1 RNA levels with viral shedding in reservoirs (HIV-1 RNA &gt;200 copies/mL or copies/swab) was found. In addition, a significant association of baseline plasma viral load with time to rectal HIV-1 RNA &lt;200 copies/swab was found (P=0.025).ConclusionsViral decay after initiating DTG/ABC/3TC is slower in rectal mucosa and semen than in plasma. Approximately half of patients achieved undetectable HIV-1 RNA levels in rectal and genital secretions at w20 and in some patients viral shedding persisted for up to 1 year. Initial plasma viral load influences time to rectal suppression.
Reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the psychosocial assessment tool for families of children with cancer
Authors: Tsumura Akemi , Okuyama Toru , Ito Yoshinori , Kondo Masaki , Saitoh Shinji , Kamei Michi , Sato Iori , Ishida Yuji , Kato Yuka , Takeda Yoshimi , Akechi Tatsuo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Patients with childhood cancer and their families frequently experience psychosocial distress associated with cancer and its treatment. We thus examined the reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool, which was designed to screen for psychosocial risk factors among families of children with cancer.

Methods
Forward–backward translation was used to develop the Japanese version of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool. We conducted a cross-sectional study. Mothers (N = 117), who were the primary caregivers of children with cancer, completed the Japanese version of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool and other measures to establish validity. The internal consistency and 2-week test-retest reliability of the Japanese version of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool were also examined.

Results
The internal consistency of the Japanese version of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool total score was sufficient (Kuder-Richardson 20 coefficient = 0.84); however, the subscales ‘structure and resources,’ ‘stress reactions’ and ‘family beliefs’ were less than optimal (Kuder-Richardson 20 coefficients = 0.03, 0.49 and 0.49, respectively). The test-retest reliability for the Japanese version of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool total score was sufficient (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.92). Significant correlations with the criteria measures indicated the validity of the Japanese version of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool total score. The optimal cut-off score for screening mothers with high psychosocial risk was 0.9/1.0, which was associated with 92% sensitivity and 63% specificity.

Conclusions
This study indicated that the Japanese version of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool is a valid and reliable tool to screen mothers for elevated distress.
Changes in Noninsurance and Care Unaffordability Among Cancer Survivors Following the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Han Xuesong , Jemal Ahmedin , Zheng Zhiyuan , Sauer Ann Goding , Fedewa Stacey , Yabroff K Robin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Little is known about changes in socioeconomic disparities in noninsurance and care unaffordability among nonelderly cancer survivors following the Affordable Care Act (ACA).

Methods
Cancer survivors aged 18–64 years nationwide were identified from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Trend and difference-in-differences analyses were conducted to examine changes in percent uninsured and percent reporting care unaffordability pre–(2011 to 2013) and post–(2014 to 2017) ACA Medicaid expansion, by sociodemographic factors.

Results
A total of 118 631 cancer survivors were identified from Medicaid expansion (n = 72 124) and nonexpansion (n = 46 507) states. Following the ACA, percent uninsured and percent reporting care unaffordability decreased nationwide. Medicaid expansion was associated with a 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.1 to 3.5) percentage points (ppt) net decrease in noninsurance and a 2.9 (95% CI = 0.7 to 5.1) ppt net decrease in care unaffordability. In stratified analyses by sociodemographic factors, substantial decreases were observed in female survivors, those with low or medium household incomes, the unemployed, and survivors with multiple comorbidities. However, we observed slightly increased percentages in reporting noninsurance (ppt = 1.7; 95% CI = −1.2 to 4.5) and care unaffordability (ppt = 3.1, 95% CI = −0.4 to 6.5) in nonexpansion states between 2016 and 2017, translating to 67 163 and 124 160 survivors, respectively.

Conclusion
We observed reductions in disparities by sociodemographic factors in noninsurance and care unaffordability among nonelderly cancer survivors following the ACA, with largest decreases in women, those with low or medium income, multiple comorbid conditions, the unemployed, and those residing in Medicaid expansion states. However, the uptick of 82 750 uninsured survivors in 2017, mainly from nonexpansion states, is concerning. Ongoing monitoring of the effects of the ACA is warranted, especially in evaluating health outcomes.
Social Media Engagement With Strategy- and Issue-Framed Political News
Authors: Stroud Natalie Jomini , Muddiman Ashley 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIssue and strategy frames, oft-used ways of conveying political news, affect people’s political beliefs and attitudes, with strategic news frames producing greater cynicism and distrust than issue frames. Although some past research suggests that audiences prefer strategically framed news, it is not clear whether the public gravitates toward issue or strategy frames on social media. We partnered with a national news organization to conduct 48 tests of whether people more frequently clicked on, commented on, or reacted to strategy- or issue-based news. On Facebook, people were randomly shown different versions of posts about a news article, resulting in 967,260 impressions. Using meta-analytic techniques, we found significant heterogeneity across the tests. Overall, however, strategy-based news yielded more clicks, whereas issue-based news yielded more comments and reactions. The results were not moderated by whether the test mentioned a salient issue or the number of days until the election.
Career Satisfaction of Military Medical Officers
Authors: Song Kaoru H , Nguyen Dana R , Dietrich Erich J , Powers John E , Barrett John P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Having a mentor is associated with higher job satisfaction among U.S. physicians. The objective of this study was to assess satisfaction among military medical officers and to assess if mentorship and job satisfaction are associated with intention to continue military service.

Materials and Methods
This is a cross-sectional study using voluntary, anonymous data from 2018 Uniformed Services Academy of Family Physicians Annual Meeting registered attendees who completed an online Omnibus Survey. Outcome measures: satisfaction with work hours and workload; voice in organizational decision-making; amount of teaching, research, and other administrative tasks; being and having a mentor; and likelihood of remaining in the military beyond current service obligation. Statistical analysis: descriptive statistics, chi-square, and logistic regression.

Results
There was a 66% response rate (310/568) among registered attendees. Respondents reported being satisfied with work hours-workload (53.3%), voice in organizational decision-making (47.4%), and amount of teaching-research-other administrative tasks (55.7%). About 64.6% of respondents reported being a mentor, and 80.7% reported having a mentor. About 53.4% reported being likely/very likely to continue military service beyond their current service obligation. Adjustment for demographic and occupational factors, with significance defined as P ≤ 0.05, revealed that higher percent time in clinical care was negatively associated with satisfaction with voice in organizational decision-making; being a mentor and working in an academic practice setting were positively associated with satisfaction in amount of time with teaching, research, and administrative tasks; and having a mentor was the only factor associated with being likely/very likely to continue military service beyond current service obligation (odd ratio 3.9, 95% confidence interval 1.2–12.1).

Conclusions
Having a mentor was the only factor associated with intention to remain in the military among 2018 Uniformed Services Academy of Family Physicians Omnibus Survey respondents. These results support enhancing mentorship among military medical officers.
Occupational Therapy Practice Patterns for Military Service Members With Upper Limb Amputation
Authors: Cancio Jill M , Orr Annemarie , Eskridge Susan , Shannon Kaeley , Mazzone Brittney , Farrokhi Shawn 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Military Service Members (SMs) with upper limb (UL) amputation have unrestricted access to occupational therapy (OT) services. Identifying OT interventions used based on clinical rationale and patient needs can provide insight toward developing best practice guidelines. The purpose of this retrospective observational study was to identify preferred OT practice patterns for U.S. Military SMs treated in Military Treatment Facilities, who have sustained various levels of deployment-related UL amputation.

Methods
The study sample was ascertained from the Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database housed at the Naval Health Research Center in San Diego, California. SMs with an immediate (within 24 hours of injury) deployment-related unilateral major UL amputation (partial hand and proximal), occurring between January 2001 and December 2014 were identified. SMs with concurrent major lower limb amputation (partial foot and proximal) were excluded. Frequency of OT outpatient visits and units of treatment received were quantified in 3-month increments during the first year after amputation and compared for individuals with above elbow (at or proximal to elbow joint) and below elbow (distal to the elbow joint including partial hand) amputation. This study was approved by the Naval Health Research Center Institutional Review Board.

Results
A total of 29,878 encounters occurred during first year after amputation in 148 patients, who had sustained UL loss during the first year after amputation. Active treatments were included in 79.2% of all treatments, followed by manual therapy (13.7%) and modalities (13.5%). A higher number of OT encounters occurred in the above elbow amputation group—the first year of treatment with significantly higher mean number of treatments months 4 to12. A similar pattern in OT encounters was observed in the active therapy category with significantly higher mean number of treatments occurring in above elbow limb loss group in months 10 to 12.

Conclusion
Findings of the current study suggest SMs with UL amputation utilize OT services often within the first year after injury and those who have sustained amputation proximal to the elbow received more therapy visits than their below elbow counterparts during months 4 to 12. Prosthetic training, therapeutic activities, and therapeutic exercise can be expected to be the highest used active interventions in the first year following UL amputation. Further research is needed to determine details on types and frequency of therapy utilization and recommended therapy strategies.
Aortic Mycetoma From Disseminated Cunninghamella Species Infection
Authors: Schapira Rebecca S , Skabelund Andrew J , Upton Richard J , Hua Tho , Xia Hui , Morris Michael J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cunninghamella species are aggressive, opportunistic fungi that are becoming more commonly reported in immunocompromised patients. We present a case of disseminated Cunninghamella sp. infection after stem cell transplant for refractory multiple myeloma with formation of bilateral pleural effusions and an aortic mycetoma. PCR analysis of the patient’s aortic mycetoma demonstrated a 90% match to Cunninghamella spp. This case illustrates the potential for severe opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients that can mimic other disease processes and result in an accelerated demise.
Improving Cancer Drug Discovery by Studying Cancer across the Tree of Life
Authors: Somarelli Jason A , Boddy Amy M , Gardner Heather L , DeWitt Suzanne Bartholf , Tuohy Joanne , Megquier Kate , Sheth Maya U , Hsu Shiaowen David , Thorne Jeffrey L , London Cheryl A , Eward William C 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite a considerable expenditure of time and resources and significant advances in experimental models of disease, cancer research continues to suffer from extremely low success rates in translating preclinical discoveries into clinical practice. The continued failure of cancer drug development, particularly late in the course of human testing, not only impacts patient outcomes, but also drives up the cost for those therapies that do succeed. It is clear that a paradigm shift is necessary if improvements in this process are to occur. One promising direction for increasing translational success is comparative oncology—the study of cancer across species, often involving veterinary patients that develop naturally-occurring cancers. Comparative oncology leverages the power of cross-species analyses to understand the fundamental drivers of cancer protective mechanisms, as well as factors contributing to cancer initiation and progression. Clinical trials in veterinary patients with cancer provide an opportunity to evaluate novel therapeutics in a setting that recapitulates many of the key features of human cancers, including genomic aberrations that underly tumor development, response and resistance to treatment, and the presence of comorbidities that can affect outcomes. With a concerted effort from basic scientists, human physicians and veterinarians, comparative oncology has the potential to enhance the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of pipelines for cancer drug discovery and other cancer treatments.
Deficiency of mitoribosomal S10 protein affects translation and splicing in Arabidopsis mitochondria
Authors: Kwasniak-Owczarek Malgorzata , Kazmierczak Urszula , Tomal Artur , Mackiewicz Pawel , Janska Hanna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The ribosome is not only a protein-making machine, but also a regulatory element in protein synthesis. This view is supported by our earlier data showing that Arabidopsis mitoribosomes altered due to the silencing of the nuclear RPS10 gene encoding mitochondrial ribosomal protein S10 differentially translate mitochondrial transcripts compared with the wild-type. Here, we used ribosome profiling to determine the contribution of transcriptional and translational control in the regulation of protein synthesis in rps10 mitochondria compared with the wild-type ones. Oxidative phosphorylation system proteins are preferentially synthesized in wild-type mitochondria but this feature is lost in the mutant. The rps10 mitoribosomes show slightly reduced translation efficiency of most respiration-related proteins and at the same time markedly more efficiently synthesize ribosomal proteins and MatR and TatC proteins. The mitoribosomes deficient in S10 protein protect shorter transcript fragments which exhibit a weaker 3-nt periodicity compared with the wild-type. The decrease in the triplet periodicity is particularly drastic for genes containing introns. Notably, splicing is considerably less effective in the mutant, indicating an unexpected link between the deficiency of S10 and mitochondrial splicing. Thus, a shortage of the mitoribosomal S10 protein has wide-ranging consequences on mitochondrial gene expression.
Practical high-performance lead-free piezoelectrics: structural flexibility beyond utilizing multiphase coexistence
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhang Yichi , Gao Jing , Zhou Zhen , Yang Dong , Lee Kai-Yang , Studer Andrew , Hinterstein Manuel , Wang Ke , Zhang Xiaowen , Li Longtu , Li Jing-Feng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Due to growing concern for the environment and human health, searching for high-performance lead-free piezoceramics has been a hot topic of scientific and industrial research. Despite the significant progress achieved toward enhancing piezoelectricity, further efforts should be devoted to the synergistic improvement of piezoelectricity and its thermal stability. This study provides new insight into these topics. A new KNN-based lead-free ceramic material is presented, which features a large piezoelectric coefficient (d33) exceeding 500 pC/N and a high Curie temperature (Tc) of  ∼200°C. The superior piezoelectric response strongly relies on the increased composition-induced structural flexibility due to lattice softening and decreased unit cell distortion. In contrast to piezoelectricity anomalies induced via polymorphic transition, this piezoelectricity enhancement is effective within a broad temperature range rather than a specific small range. In particular, a hierarchical domain architecture composed of nano-sized domains along the submicron domains was detected in this material system, which further contributes to the high piezoelectricity.
Alessandro Scarlatti
Authors: Fabris Dinko 
Published: October 2019

Alessandro Scarlatti (b. 1660–d. 1725) was one of the most celebrated composers of his time, probably the most important opera composer in Europe around 1700. He was called “the Orpheus of our times,” and musicians such as Handel, Hasse, and Quantz traveled especially to meet him. Yet, in the early 21st century, Scarlatti is one of the lesser-performed Baroque composers, and a considerable part of his immense production is still not well known. The renown of the “Palermitano,” as he was always called after his place of birth, started before he was twenty, in Rome with his first operas, thanks to the favor of Queen Christina of Sweden. Later he was to establish relationships with important patrons—such as Ferdinando de’Medici, James III Stuart (the “Old Pretender”), and Queen Casimira of Poland; cardinals such as Pietro Ottoboni; and the Spanish viceroys of Naples—who were all in turn responsible for stages in his international career. The sign of Scarlatti’s reputation among upper society was his acceptance into the Academy of the Arcadia. He was one of only three musicians of his time admitted to this Academy, along with Corelli and Bernardo Pasquini. Whilst his operas were produced in many important theaters in Italy and abroad, he was nevertheless continuously under pressure for money, as he had a large family. He had ten children, five of whom were born in Naples, including his celebrated son Domenico. He wrote no fewer than 60 dramatic works and more than 600 chamber cantatas. The favor granted to the cantatas—a genre much in fashion and in which he was considered the most prolific of Baroque composers—depended again on his need for financial support, assured to him by a large number of music lovers. The rest of his musical compositions, even if fewer in quantity, are not less important, including oratorios, liturgical music, and a few instrumental pieces. Scarlatti could also be credited with the beginnings of the international circulation of a repertoire from Naples. For that reason, local historiography from the end of 19th century claimed Scarlatti to be the creator of the “Neapolitan School,” a concept later contested by musicologists. Although he spent most of his life in Naples, his personality can be never recognized as “pure Neapolitan”; nonetheless, he greatly influenced the generations of Neapolitan composers that followed, including Durante, Leo, Vinci, Jommelli, and others.