bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitatively determining the degree of spin fluctuations in actinide metals and compounds
Authors: Liu Yi , Ji Xingyu , Pan Qifa , Zhang Yun , Wang Xiaoying , Lai Xinchun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Actinide materials are well-documented for nuclear properties, but their 5f electrons that produce exotic phenomena are not, due to the complexity of a dual localized and itinerant nature that remains a mystery. Particular interest is given to the electronic correlations at the localized and itinerant boundary where strong spin fluctuations are present. We report the identification of an intensity defined by integrating the normalized resistivity that approximately provides a quantitative measure of spin fluctuations. The intensity is very sensitive to the tuning of non-thermal parameters such as pressure and chemical doping, probing the anomalies in the evolution of spin fluctuations close to a valence or magnetic instability. In this way, our results are not only connected with the long-standing controversy on the anomalous low-temperature resistivity behavior of actinide metals, but also highlight an unconventional type of superconducting pairing, mediated by valence and/or spin fluctuations, for a wealth of 4f and 5f-electron systems. In an unified picture proposed, it is helpful to determine the degree of spin fluctuations for understanding the origin of the emergent superconductivity in systems with correlated electrons.
Reviewing quantum dots for single-photon emission at 1.55 μm: a quantitative comparison of materials
Authors: Seravalli L , Sacconi F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work, we present a review of quantum dot (QD) material systems that allow us to obtain light emission in the telecom C-band at 1.55 µm. These epitaxial semiconductor nanostructures are of great technological interest for the development of devices for the generation of on-demand quanta of light for long-haul communication applications. The material systems considered are InAs QDs grown on InP, metamorphic InAs/InGaAs QDs grown on GaAs, InAs/GaSb QDs grown on Si, and InAsN QDs grown on GaAs.
In order to provide a quantitative comparison of the different material systems, we carried out numerical simulations based on envelope function approximation to calculate the strain-dependant energy band profiles and the associated confined energy levels. We have also derived the eigenfunctions and the optical matrix elements for confined states of the systems.
From the results of the simulations, some general conclusions on the strengths and weaknesses of each QD material system have been drawn, along with useful indications for the optimization of structural engineering aiming at single-photon emission in the telecom C-band.
Ethyl Glucuronide and Ethyl Sulphate in Urine: Caution in their use as markers of recent alcohol use
Authors: Mercurio Isabella , Politi Pamela , Mezzetti Eleonora , Agostinelli Fausto , Troiano Gianmarco , Pellegrino Adriana , Gili Alessio , Melai Paola , Rettagliata George , Mercurio Umberto , Sannicandro Domenico , Lancia Massimo , Bacci Mauro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aim
To clarify the role of the ethanol metabolites, ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS), in monitoring alcohol consumption.

Method
We recruited 7 female and 17 male volunteers who were instructed to consume a quantity of beer (containing 48 gm ethanol) with food in one session. We examined urinary excretion of EtG and EtS over time and looked for correlations between the concentrations of the metabolites EtG and EtS.

Results
EtG concentrations in urine varied between 0.026 and 430.372 μg/ml with average values between 11.85 μg/ml (SD 19.75), 30 min after alcohol intake, and 100.39 μg/ml (SD 101.34), 4.5 h after alcohol intake. EtS urinary concentration ranged from 0.006 to 101.432 μg/ml with average values between 4.77 μg/ml (SD 5.42), 30 min after alcohol intake, and 30.14 μg/ml (SD 27.20), 4.5 h after alcohol intake. Spearman’s test showed that urinary EtG and EtS correlated significantly at several time points.

Conclusion
The great interindividual variability in their excretion suggests caution in the use of urinary measurement of these metabolites in forensic investigations.
Dynamics of paternal contributions to early embryo development in large animals
Authors: Daigneault Bradford W 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis review focuses on current knowledge of paternal contributions to preimplantation embryonic development with particular emphasis on large animals. Specifically, the included content aims to summarize genomic and epigenomic contributions of paternally expressed genes, their regulation, and chromatin structure that are indispensable for early embryo development. The accumulation of current knowledge will summarize conserved allelic function among species to include functional molecular and genomic studies across large domestic animals in context with reference to founding experimental models.
Donor–recipient predicted heart mass ratio and right ventricular–pulmonary arterial coupling in heart transplant
Authors: Nazario Raffaela de Almeida , Goldraich Livia Adams , Hastenteufel Laura Carolina Tavares , Santos Angela B S , Carrion Luciana , Clausell Nadine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Right ventricular–pulmonary arterial (RV–PA) coupling interactions are largely unexplored in heart transplant patients. The outcome of this study was RV–PA coupling at 7 and 30 days after heart transplant and its association with donor–recipient size matching.

METHODS
Clinical, echocardiographic and haemodynamic data from a retrospective cohort of heart transplant recipients and respective donors were reviewed. Coupling between RV–PA was examined by assessing the RV fractional area change and pulmonary artery systolic pressure ratio. Donor–recipient size matching was assessed by the predicted heart mass (PHM) ratio, and groups with a PHM ratio &lt;1 and ≥1 were compared.

RESULTS
Forty-four heart transplant recipients were included in this study (50 years, 57% male sex). Postoperative RV–PA coupling improved from 7 to 30 days (RV fractional area change/pulmonary artery systolic pressure 0.9 ± 0.3 vs 1.2 ± 0.3; P &lt; 0.001). A positive association was found between an adequate PHM ratio and improvement of RV fractional area change/pulmonary artery systolic pressure at 30 days, independent of graft ischaemic time and pre-existent pulmonary hypertension (B coefficient 0.54; 95% confidence interval 0.11–0.97; P = 0.016; adjusted R2 = 0.24).

CONCLUSIONS
These findings highlight the role of PHM as a metric to help donor selection and suggest its impact in RV–PA coupling interactions post-heart transplant.
Higher solutions of Hitchin’s self-duality equations
Authors: Heller Lynn , Heller Sebastian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSolutions of Hitchin’s self-duality equations correspond to special real sections of the Deligne–Hitchin moduli space—twistor lines. A question posed by Simpson in 1997 asks whether all real sections give rise to global solutions of the self-duality equations. An affirmative answer would in principle allow for complex analytic procedures to obtain all solutions of the self-duality equations. The purpose of this article is to construct counter examples given by certain (branched) Willmore surfaces in three-space (with monodromy) via the generalized Whitham flow. Though these sections do not give rise to global solutions of the self-duality equations on the whole Riemann surface M, they induce solutions on an open and dense subset of it. This suggest a connection between Willmore surfaces, i.e., rank 4 harmonic maps theory, with the rank 2 self-duality theory.
The Influence of the Paris Agreement on Climate Litigation: Causation, Corporate Governance and Catalyst (Part II)
Authors: Preston Brian J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Paris Agreement is the first universal climate change agreement requiring all parties to communicate ambitious greenhouse gas reduction targets to achieve a long-term global temperature goal. The Paris Agreement is a game-changer at the international level, but has it been at the national (and sub-national) level? What has been the influence of the Paris Agreement on litigation to improve mitigation of and adaptation to climate change? This question is addressed in two articles. Both articles seek to look at a familiar topic—the Paris Agreement and climate litigation—in new and fresh ways. This second article examines how the Paris Agreement is influencing fact-finding in administrative and judicial decision-making, transforming corporate governance to be better attuned to climate risk and contributing to a ripple effect in climate litigation. The article first considers how the Paris Agreement has altered the factual considerations of climate change by demonstrating global agreement on the causal link between anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and the catastrophic consequences of climate change. Secondly, it illustrates how the Paris Agreement is affecting legal responsibilities by focusing on the influence of the Paris Agreement on corporate directors’ duties. Thirdly, it notes the ripple effect of climate litigation, contributing to the continued development of climate law.
LncRNAPlatr22promotes super-enhancer activity and stem cell pluripotency
Authors: Yan Pixi , Lu J Yuyang , Niu Jing , Gao Juntao , Zhang Michael Q , Yin Yafei , Shen Xiaohua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSuper-enhancers (SEs) comprise large clusters of enhancers, which are co-occupied by multiple lineage-specific and master transcription factors, and play pivotal roles in regulating gene expression and cell fate determination. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how SEs are regulated by the noncoding portion of the genome. Here, through genome-wide analysis, we found that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) genes preferentially lie next to SEs. In mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), depletion of SE-associated lncRNA transcripts dysregulated the activity of their nearby SEs. Specifically, we revealed a critical regulatory role of the lncRNA gene Platr22 in modulating the activity of a nearby SE and the expression of the nearby pluripotency regulator ZFP281. Through these regulatory events, Platr22 contributes to pluripotency maintenance and proper differentiation of mESCs. Mechanistically, Platr22 transcripts coat chromatin near the SE region and interact with DDX5 and hnRNP-L. DDX5 further recruits p300 and other factors related to active transcription. We propose that these factors assemble into a transcription hub, thus promoting an open and active epigenetic chromatin state. Our study highlights an unanticipated role for a class of lncRNAs in epigenetically controlling the activity and vulnerability to perturbation of nearby SEs for cell fate determination.
Module 7: Time Out and Privilege Removal
Authors: Chronis-Tuscano Andrea , O’Brien Kelly , Danko Christina M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In Module 7, parents learn to use time out from positive reinforcement to help their child improve their ability to follow directions and house rules. Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) benefit from parents who consistently following through with a consequence for noncompliance and rule-breaking to reduce misbehavior. Time out is effective when used in the presence of a secure relationship and where opportunities for connection and positive reinforcement are consistently available in the home environment. Inappropriate behaviors are more likely to happen again when directions and rules are not enforced consistently: misbehavior continues to have positive consequences. Children with ADHD benefit from the structure, consistency, and predictability of the time out consequence to reduce problem behaviors. In fact, time out is thought to help children learn to self-regulate. Parents need to be prepared to manage their own emotional experience and their child’s reaction to execute time out correctly and experience the full benefits of time out.
Module 11: Review, Wrap Up, and Planning for the Future
Authors: Chronis-Tuscano Andrea , O’Brien Kelly , Danko Christina M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a chronic condition, requiring ongoing use of behavioral skills learned in this program. Without the support of a therapist, it may be difficult for parents to use these skills consistently. The more that these skills become automatic, the more benefits parents and children will experience. A goal of this module is help parents to think about and prepare for how to apply the principles and strategies presented in this program to possible future issues they encounter with their child and personally. It is important to anticipate and catch problems early, so that parents can engage these tools before problems escalate. Another goal is to ensure that parents have, by now, realized the value of self-care so they can create a supportive, consistent environment for their children. Ongoing monitoring of their mood, parenting, and child behavior will help parents to recognize signs that it is time to seek additional professional help.
Does elasticity stabilize a magnetic neutron star?
Authors: Bera Prasanta , Jones David Ian , Andersson Nils 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The configuration of the magnetic field in the interior of a neutron star is mostly unknown from observations. Theoretical models of the interior magnetic field geometry tend to be oversimplified to avoid mathematical complexity and tend to be based on axisymmetric barotropic fluid systems. These static magnetic equilibrium configurations have been shown to be unstable on a short time-scale against an infinitesimal perturbation. Given this instability, it is relevant to consider how more realistic neutron star physics affects the outcome. In particular, it makes sense to ask if elasticity, which provides an additional restoring force on the perturbations, may stabilize the system. It is well known that the matter in the neutron star crust forms an ionic crystal. The interactions between the crystallized nuclei can generate shear stress against any applied strain. To incorporate the effect of the crust on the dynamical evolution of the perturbed equilibrium structure, we study the effect of elasticity on the instability of an axisymmetric magnetic star. In particular, we determine the critical shear modulus required to prevent magnetic instability and consider the corresponding astrophysical consequences.
Effects of Integrase Inhibitor–Based ART on the NLRP3 Inflammasome Among ART-Naïve People With HIV
Authors: Toribio Mabel , Burdo Tricia H , Fulda Evelynne S , Cetlin Madeline , Chu Sarah M , Feldpausch Meghan N , Robbins Gregory K , Neilan Tomas G , Melbourne Kathleen , Grinspoon Steven K , Zanni Markella V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The NOD-like receptor protein family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, activated in the setting of HIV, contributes to pro-atherogenic inflammation. Among antriretroviral therapy–naïve people with HIV (vs controls), levels of caspase-1—a key component of the NLRP3 inflammasome—were significantly increased. Six months of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate significantly decreased caspase-1 levels in association with CD4+/CD8+ ratio recovery.

Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 01766726.
Trends in the Evaluation and Management of Back Pain in Emergency Departments, United States, 2007–2016
Authors: Mullins Peter M , Merriman John Gates , Jaffe Todd A , Mazer-Amirshahi Maryann , Weiner Scott G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
Back pain is one of the most common pain syndromes in the United States, but there has been limited recent description of the role of emergency departments (EDs) in caring for patients with back pain. We investigated trends in the evaluation and management of back pain in U.S. EDs from 2007 to 2016.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a nationally representative annual survey of ED visits, which includes data on patient-, hospital-, and visit-level characteristics. We evaluated trends among adult ED visits for back pain, including demographics, resource utilization, and disposition. Trends were assessed through the use of survey-weighted analyses.

Results
Visit rates as a proportion of overall ED visits were stable from 2007 to 2016 (9.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.5–9.6] vs. 9.3% [95% CI: 8.6–10.0]; P = 0.44). Admission rates declined from 6.4% (95% CI: 5.1–8.0) to 5.0% (95% CI: 3.5–6.9; P &lt; 0.001). Imaging utilization increased from 51.7% (95% CI: 49.3–54.1) to 57.6% (95% CI: 53.3–61.7; P = 0.023), with an increase of 58.3% in computed tomography. Overall opioid utilization declined from 53.5% (95% CI: 49.4–57.5) to 46.5% (95% CI: 43.2–49.8; P &lt; 0.001). Tramadol use increased over the study period (4.1% [95% CI: 3.0–5.8] vs. 8.4% [95% CI: 6.6–10.7]; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Opioid utilization during ED visits for back pain decreased from 2007 to 2016, whereas tramadol use more than doubled. Care intensity increased significantly despite declining admission rates. Further research into optimal strategies for back pain management in the ED is needed.
A comparative study of autogenous, allograft and artificial bone substitutes on bone regeneration and immunotoxicity in rat femur defect model
Authors: Zou Wen , Li Xing , Li Na , Guo Tianwei , Cai Yongfu , Yang Xiaoqin , Liang Jie , Sun Yong , Fan Yujiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRepair and reconstruction of large bone defect were often difficult, and bone substitute materials, including autogenous bone, allogenic bone and artificial bone, were common treatment strategies. The key to elucidate the clinical effect of these bone repair materials was to study their osteogenic capacity and immunotoxicological compatibility. In this paper, the mechanical properties, micro-CT imaging analysis, digital image analysis and histological slice analysis of the three bone grafts were investigated and compared after different time points of implantation in rat femur defect model. Autogenous bone and biphasic calcium phosphate particular artificial bone containing 61.4% HA and 38.6% β-tricalcium phosphate with 61.64% porosity and 0.8617 ± 0.0068 g/cm3 density (d ≤ 2 mm) had similar and strong bone repair ability, but autogenous bone implant materials caused greater secondary damage to experimental animals; allogenic bone exhibited poor bone defect repair ability. At the early stage of implantation, the immunological indexes such as Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin M concentration and CD4 cells’ population of allogenic bone significantly increased in compared with those of autologous bone and artificial bone. Although the repair process of artificial bone was relatively inefficient than autologous bone graft, the low immunotoxicological indexes and acceptable therapeutic effects endowed it as an excellent alternative material to solve the problems with insufficient source and secondary trauma of autogenous bone.
Construction of an artificial biosynthetic pathway for hyperextended archaeal membrane lipids in the bacteriumEscherichia coli
Authors: Yoshida Ryo , Hemmi Hisashi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArchaea produce unique membrane lipids, which possess two fully saturated isoprenoid chains linked to the glycerol moiety via ether bonds. The isoprenoid chain length of archaeal membrane lipids is believed to be important for some archaea to thrive in extreme environments because the hyperthermophilic archaeon Aeropyrum pernix and some halophilic archaea synthesize extended C25,C25-archaeal diether-type membrane lipids, which have isoprenoid chains that are longer than those of typical C20,C20-diether lipids. Natural archaeal diether lipids possessing longer C30 or C35 isoprenoid chains, however, have yet to be isolated. In the present study, we attempted to synthesize such hyperextended archaeal membrane lipids. We investigated the substrate preference of the enzyme sn-2,3-(digeranylfarnesyl)glycerol-1-phosphate synthase from A. pernix, which catalyzes the transfer of the second C25 isoprenoid chain to the glycerol moiety in the biosynthetic pathway of C25,C25-archaeal membrane lipids. The enzyme was shown to accept sn-3-hexaprenylglycerol-1-phosphate, which has a C30 isoprenoid chain, as a prenyl acceptor substrate to synthesize sn-2-geranylfarnesyl-3-hexaprenylglycerol-1-phosphate, a supposed precursor for hyperextended C25,C30-archaeal membrane lipids. Furthermore, we constructed an artificial biosynthetic pathway by introducing 4 archaeal genes and 1 gene from Bacillus subtilis in the cells of Escherichia coli, which enabled the E. coli strain to produce hyperextended C25,C30-archaeal membrane lipids, which have never been reported so far.
Maternal safety: recent advances and implications for the obstetric anesthesiologist
Authors: Arnolds David E. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose of review
Recognition of the increasing maternal mortality rate in the United States has been accompanied by intense efforts to improve maternal safety. This article reviews recent advances in maternal safety, highlighting those of particular relevance to anesthesiologists.

Recent findings
Cardiovascular and other chronic medical conditions contribute to an increasing number of maternal deaths. Anesthetic complications associated with general anesthesia are decreasing, but complications associated with neuraxial techniques persist. Obstetric early warning systems are evolving and hold promise in identifying women at risk for adverse intrapartum events. Postpartum hemorrhage rates are rising, and rigorous evaluation of existing protocols may reveal unrecognized deficiencies. Development of regionalized centers for high-risk maternity care is a promising strategy to match women at risk for adverse events with appropriate resources. Opioids are a growing threat to maternal safety. There is growing evidence for racial inequities and health disparities in maternal morbidity and mortality.

Summary
Anesthesiologists play an essential role in ensuring maternal safety. While continued intrapartum vigilance is appropriate, addressing the full spectrum of contributors to maternal mortality, including those with larger roles beyond the immediate peripartum time period, will be essential to ongoing efforts to improve maternal safety.
Biologics in the treatment of Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and lupus nephritis
Authors: Narain Sonali , Berman Nicola , Furie Richard 
Published: September 2020

Purpose of review
It is an understatement to say that drug approvals in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lupus nephritis, and Sjogren's syndrome have lagged far behind those in other autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Reasons for this are multiple and include the molecular and clinical heterogeneity of these conditions; confounding by background medications, especially corticosteroids; and clinical trial endpoints. However, the tides are changing, and there have been several bright spots in our attempts to bring more efficacious drugs to our patients.

Recent findings
Several positive phase II and phase III trials in SLE and lupus nephritis with drugs such as anifrolumab, voclosporin, belimumab, and obinutuzumab will no doubt eventually generate regulatory approvals for most, if not all, of these drugs. Although early in development, the promising results in Sjogren's syndrome with iscalimab and ianalumab should make the Sjogren's syndrome community quite hopeful of future drug approvals.

Summary
In this review, we highlight recent study results in Sjogren's syndrome, SLE, and lupus nephritis, emphasizing investigational therapies in late stage development, but we also provide a glimpse into drugs of the future.