bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower Urinary Tract and Bowel Dysfunction in Neurologic Disease
Authors: Panicker Jalesh N. , Sakakibara Ryuji 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTPURPOSE OF REVIEWThis article provides an overview of the clinical presentation, investigations, and treatment options for lower urinary tract and bowel dysfunction in patients with neurologic diseases.RECENT FINDINGSThe site of the neurologic lesion influences the pattern of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Antimuscarinic agents are first-line management for urinary incontinence; however, the side effect profile should be considered when prescribing them. β3-Receptor agonists are a promising alternative oral medication. Botulinum toxin injections into the detrusor have revolutionized the management of neurogenic detrusor overactivity.Bowel dysfunction commonly presents as constipation and fecal incontinence. Gastrointestinal emergencies may arise, including intestinal pseudoobstruction, intussusception, volvulus, and stercoral ulcer (ulcer of the colon due to pressure and irritation resulting from severe, prolonged constipation). Bowel function tests in neurologic patients often show a combination of slow transit and anorectal dysfunction. Management for slow transit constipation includes bulking agents, softening agents, yogurt/probiotics, and prokinetic agents. Suppositories, botulinum toxin injections, and transanal irrigation are options for managing anorectal constipation.SUMMARYFunctions of the lower urinary tract and bowel are commonly affected in neurologic disease. Neurologists play an important role in assessing lower urinary tract and bowel symptoms in their patients and planning treatment strategies, often in collaboration with specialist teams.
On “Saidiya”
Authors: Vaziri Parisa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article attempts to address the contemporary turn to astrophysics lexicons in Black feminism by bringing together scholarship on Indian Ocean slavery and Black studies. Through an experimental reading of encounter with Indian Ocean and African slavery in Saidiya Hartman’s Lose Your Mother, the article suggests that exhaustions of representation manifested in the turn to black theories of the subatomic reveal an absolute nonrecuperability of time-as-history. The argument unfolds through an impossible historicization of racial blackness that engages the figure of the black eunuch slave in medieval Persian history. The difficulty of the historicity of race produces and involves crises of origins that manifest in traumatic encounters with trans-Saharan and Indian Ocean slavery that explode the scalar coherence made possible by established narratives of racial modernity.
ALPPS for Locally Advanced Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Did Aggressive Surgery Lead to the Oncological Benefit? An International Multi-center Study
Authors: Li Jun , Moustafa Mohamed , Linecker Michael , Lurje Georg , Capobianco Ivan , Baumgart Janine , Ratti Francesca , Rauchfuss Falk , Balci Deniz , Fernandes Eduardo , Montalti Roberto , Robles-Campos Ricardo , Bjornsson Bergthor , Topp Stefan A. , Fronek Jiri , Liu Chao , Wahba Roger , Bruns Christiane , Brunner Stefan M. , Schlitt Hans J. , Heumann Asmus , Stüben Björn-Ole , Izbicki Jakob R. , Bednarsch Jan , Gringeri Enrico , Fasolo Elisa , Rolinger Jens , Kristek Jakub , Hernandez-Alejandro Roberto , Schnitzbauer Andreas , Nuessler Natascha , Schön Michael R. , Voskanyan Sergey , Petrou Athanasios S. , Hahn Oszkar , Soejima Yuji , Vicente Emilio , Castro-Benitez Carlos , Adam René , Tomassini Federico , Troisi Roberto Ivan , Kantas Alexandros , Oldhafer Karl Juergen , Ardiles Victoria , de Santibanes Eduardo , Malago Massimo , Clavien Pierre-Alain , Vivarelli Marco , Settmacher Utz , Aldrighetti Luca , Neumann Ulf , Petrowsky Henrik , Cillo Umberto , Lang Hauke , Nadalin Silvio 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
ALPPS is found to increase the resectability of primary and secondary liver malignancy at the advanced stage. The aim of the study was to verify the surgical and oncological outcome of ALPPS for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Methods
The study cohort was based on the ALPPS registry with patients from 31 international centers between August 2009 and January 2018. Propensity score matched patients receiving chemotherapy only were selected from the SEER database as controls for the survival analysis.

Results
One hundred and two patients undergoing ALPPS were recruited, 99 completed the second stage with median inter-stage duration of 11 days. The median kinetic growth rate was 23 ml/day. R0 resection was achieved in 87 (85%). Initially high rates of morbidity and mortality decreased steadily to a 29% severe complication rate and 7% 90-day morbidity in the last 2 years. Post-hepatectomy liver failure remained the main cause of 90-day mortality. Multivariate analysis revealed insufficient future liver remnant at the stage-2 operation (FLR2) to be the only risk factor for severe complications (OR 2.91, p = 0.02). The propensity score matching analysis showed a superior overall survival in the ALPPS group compared to palliative chemotherapy (median overall survival: 26.4 months vs 14 months; 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates: 82.4%, 70.5% and 39.6% vs 51.2%, 21.4% and 11.3%, respectively, p < 0.01). The survival benefit, however, was not confirmed in the subgroup analysis for patients with insufficient FLR2 or multifocal ICC.

Conclusion
ALPPS showed high efficacy in achieving R0 resections in locally advanced ICC. To get the most oncological benefit from this aggressive surgery, ALPPS would be restricted to patients with single lesions and sufficient FLR2.
Physicochemical study of Rubus fruticosus of the Mediterranean region of Morocco
Authors: EL Cadi Hafssa , El Cadi Asmae , Ramdan Btissam , Brigui Jamal 
Published: January 2020

Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) belongs to the Rosaceae family. It is very rich in essential and beneficial elements. In Morocco, despite its nutritional quality, this fruit remains among the forest species that are ignored. The present study has been focused on the physicochemical characterization of this species. The fruits have been harvested from the Mediterranean region of Morocco (Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima). The analysis was made directly after the harvest for the determination of pH value, acidity, Total soluble solid, refraction index, total and reducer sugar levels. Results showed that the fruit is acidic (pH 4.65±0.32), rich in water (70%) and total sugars (27.43±2.67 mg/l). The variation of different physicochemical parameters in all fruit samples collected from different sites may be due to geographical distribution, climatic and edaphic parameters.
Designing an electro-optical encoder based on photonic crystals using the graphene–Al2O3 stacks
Authors: Haddadan Fatemeh , Soroosh Mohammad , Alaei-Sheini Navid 
Published: January 2020

In this paper, an electro-optical 4-to-2 encoder based on a photonic crystal is presented. The structure is composed of four silicon waveguides, four photonic crystal structures including the graphene–

A
l

2

O

3

stacks, and two optical combiners. Two one-dimensional arrays of air holes in the silicon background are designed parallel to the waveguides. Also, a graphene–

A
l

2

O

3

stack is placed at the center of each array, which provides the desired interferences. This feature is used for controlling the optical wave transmission through the waveguides. Using two optical combiners at the end of two waveguides, the received signals from the waveguides will be guided toward the output ports. The amount of the transmitted signal from input ports to the output of the encoder can be controlled by applying the proper chemical potential to the graphene-based stacks. The simulation results show that the encoding operation can be achieved by using 0.2 eV and 0.8 eV for chemical potentials. In addition, the normalized output power margins for logic 0 and 1 are calculated to be 8.2% and 46.7%, respectively. The footprint for the proposed structure is approximately equal to

127

µ

m

2

. Also, the required optical power intensity at input ports is

100

m
W

/

µ

m

2

.
Closet cosplay: Everyday expressions of science fiction and fantasy fandom among women
Authors: Smith Dina , Stannar Casey , Kuttruff Jenna Tedrick 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Some American science fiction and fantasy (SF&F) female fans participate in Cosplay or costume play, the global practice of dressing in costume and performing fictional characters from popular culture. Cosplay is typically only socially sanctioned at conventions and other fan events, leaving fans searching for new ways to express their fandom in everyday life. Closet cosplay is one solution in which everyday clothing and accessories can be worn to express fandom. The motivations for wearing everyday fan fashion have been only briefly mentioned by other authors or studied within limited social contexts. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explore SF&F female fans' participation in closet cosplay as it is worn in everyday contexts. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using a social interactionist perspective, and Sarah Thornton's concept of subcultural capital and Pierre Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital. Semi-structured, online interviews were conducted with sixteen participants who wore closet cosplay related to SF&F films and/or television series, which included Star Wars, Marvel Comics, DC Comics, Disney films, Harry Potter and anime fandoms like Sailor Moon (1995–2000). The interview data were analysed using NVivo qualitative analysis software and the constant comparison method. Two themes emerged from the data: the definition of closet cosplay and motivations for wearing closet cosplay. Through examining these themes, it was evident that female SF&F fans used closet cosplay to express a salient fan identity, which enabled them to simultaneously gain subcultural capital and feminized cultural capital.
'Wear your identity': Styling identities of youth through dress – A conceptual model
Authors: Jenkinson Jo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article exposes how young people use dress to negotiate, articulate and display identity. A diverse group of young people from Manchester, England, were asked to style themselves using items of clothing, or artefacts, which represented their individual and civic identities. Responses to this styling workshop and the accompanying interviews confirmed the powerful part that dressing can play, as young people navigate different cultural contexts and social environments in their everyday life. The research brings new insights into how dress is used as a catalyst for self-awareness, communication and development of self within multicultural urban settings. It proposes a new model for Dress, Youth and Identity (DYI) that provides a structure onto which young peoples' narratives of dress can be mapped and analysed, building upon the model for Dress and the Public, Private and Secret Self (PPSS) proposed by Eicher and Miller.
Her eyes, my body: Negotiating embodiment through Maya back strap weaving
Authors: Denham Amanda Joyce , Green Denise N. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the embodiment of making and wearing clothing through a close analysis of the weaving and production practices of a contemporary Maya weaver, Lidia López. The first author lived in San Antonio Aguas Calientes, Sacatepéquez, Guatemala where she studied the back strap loom under the instruction of master weaver, Lidia López, while the second author served as an advisor on the research project and assisted with interpretation of fieldwork data. Anthropologist Daniel Miller has encouraged a research approach that thoroughly integrates the practice of making, arguing that 'the things people make, make people'. When a person weaves cloth using centuries-old techniques and tools passed down across generations, the cloth embodies identities that transcend time and materializes networks of social relations. This brings new possibilities to ethnographic research about processes of making. If we are what we make, as Miller argued, then what are we when we make cloth? In this article we explore the production of cloth as embodied practice: weaving on the back strap loom, bringing goods to market, the practice of teaching weaving, and all of the social relationships and realities that contribute to the production of clothing. The title of this article, 'Her eyes, my body', refers to the relationship between the primary ethnographic interlocutor, Lidia Amanda López de López, and the first author as ethnographer and weaving apprentice. By teaching weaving on the back strap loom in the tradition of her antepasados (ancestors), Lidia facilitated ways of knowing – from the kitchen table to the loom, from her home to the market. Entangled and woven together through dialectics of time and space, private and public, past and present. Warp and weft are woven into cloth, culture and identities.
Influência da Espessura da Camada de solo na Proteção dos aquíferos Cársticos sob os Climas Tropical Úmido e Europeu Mediterrâneo, pelo Método de Vulnerabilidade COP
Authors: Souza Rogério Tadeu de , Heredia Olga Susana , Travassos Luiz Eduardo Panisset , Velásquez Leila Nunes Menegasse , Sampaio Jarbas Lima Dias 
Published: January 2020

Carste se refere a um estilo especial de paisagem onde coexistem cavernas e um extenso sistema de água subterrânea desenvolvido especialmente sobre rochas solúveis. Os aquíferos cársticos possuem alta fragilidade devido à circulação da água por meio de condutos, fissuras ou fraturas. Uma vez contaminados sua descontaminação é quase impossível. Métodos de vulnerabilidade foram criados para prever a susceptibilidade da contaminação de um aquífero por atividades antrópicas. São vários métodos, mas poucos são de uso específico ao carste. O método COP, acrônimo utilizado para designar os parâmetros C=concentração de fluxo, O=camadas sobrepostas e P=precipitação, foi desenvolvido para proteção de aquíferos cársticos de países europeus de clima mediterrâneo e apresentou bons resultados. Porém, sua aplicação no carste de clima tropical úmido requer modificações, principalmente porque há diferenças na camada protetora do aquífero (Fator O) entre o carste Mediterrâneo Europeu e o carste tropical úmido, que apresenta maior espessura de solo. Neste artigo, foram simuladas duas situações para uma área cárstica de 240 km2: uma com a aplicação direta do método COP original e outra adaptando o método a espessuras mais realistas do solo tropical. Os resultados mostram que a aplicação direta do método proporcionou uma proteção predominantemente alta para o Fator O, que se altera a predominantemente moderada para a realidade do carste de clima tropical úmido, apontando para a necessidade de adaptação desse fator.
Relativistic Theory of Irreversible Thermodynamics for Multi-Component Fluids and Its Post-Newtonian Limit in Relation to Classical Extended Thermodynamics
Authors: Chrobok Thoralf , von Borzeszkowski Horst-Heino 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
First, the special-relativistic Theory of Irreversible Processes for a multi-component fluid is formulated. It is based on (i) the balance equations of the particle number and the energy-momentum for the total system (i. e., the mixture of the components) as well as the sub-systems (i. e., the components) and (ii) the dissipation inequality and the Gibbs equation for the mixture. In order to allow for reactions between the single components, in contrast to the total system, the sub-systems are assumed to be open, which means that their particle number and energy-momentum are not constrained by conservation laws. Without making any assumptions on the thermodynamic behavior of the interacting components, one arrives at a thermodynamic description of the mixture showing now heat conduction and viscosity. In particular, this makes it possible to calculate the entropy production and, thus, to identify thermodynamic currents and forces. In a second part, the post-Newtonian limit of this theory is calculated to show that for the mixture there result relations known from classical Extended Thermodynamics that partly are corrected by entrainment terms. The mathematical origin and physical consequences of these terms are discussed.
Navigating choppy discourses: A conceptual framework for understanding synchronous text-based computer-mediated communication
Authors: de Oliveira Janaina Minelli , Esteve-González Vanessa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an investigation into patterns of interaction in synchronous, text-based computer-mediated communication (SCMC) with a focus on participation. The data constitute a corpus of 3,785 words from a series of interactions between student teachers performing learning activities in a three-dimensional online environment. Drawing on a systemic functional grammar perspective of language, we aim to develop a conceptual framework for understanding participation as made up of interactional patterns in students’ linguistic exchanges while performing learning activities. Our findings show that verbal negotiation that creates a shared understanding of what the group should accomplish or a common view of how to perform the activity is more frequent than strict activity organization. We argue that there are features of CMC signaling higher levels of complexity than those ordinarily found in face to face or written communication. The three broad interactional features identified – blending, turn-taking collaboration and delay endurance – corroborate our claim. This paper presents evidence that participation in text-based SCMC with learning purposes demands a disposition for collaboration and solidarity, a capacity to endure delay, and the ability to manage a conglomerate of information and communication tools without instructions on how-to processes.
Dopaminergic Co-Regulation of Locomotor Development and Motor Neuron Synaptogenesis is Uncoupled by Hypoxia in Zebrafish
Authors: Son Jong-Hyun , Stevenson Tamara J. , Bowles Miranda D. , Scholl Erika A. , Bonkowsky Joshua L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHypoxic injury to the developing human brain is a complication of premature birth and is associated with long-term impairments of motor function. Disruptions of axon and synaptic connectivity have been linked to developmental hypoxia, but the fundamental mechanisms impacting motor function from altered connectivity are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of hypoxia on locomotor development in zebrafish. We found that developmental hypoxia resulted in decreased spontaneous swimming behavior in larva, and that this motor impairment persisted into adulthood. In evaluation of the diencephalic dopaminergic neurons, which regulate early development of locomotion and constitute an evolutionarily conserved component of the vertebrate dopaminergic system, hypoxia caused a decrease in the number of synapses from the descending dopaminergic diencephalospinal tract (DDT) to spinal cord motor neurons. Moreover, dopamine signaling from the DDT was coupled jointly to motor neuron synaptogenesis and to locomotor development. Together, these results demonstrate the developmental processes regulating early locomotor development and a requirement for dopaminergic projections and motor neuron synaptogenesis. Our findings suggest new insights for understanding the mechanisms leading to motor disability from hypoxic injury of prematurity.
The Rapid Emergence of Musical Pitch Structure in Human Cortex
Authors: Sankaran Narayan , Carlson Thomas A. , Thompson William Forde 
Published: January 2020

In tonal music, continuous acoustic waveforms are mapped onto discrete, hierarchically arranged, internal representations of pitch. To examine the neural dynamics underlying this transformation, we presented male and female human listeners with tones embedded within a Western tonal context while recording their cortical activity using magnetoencephalography. Machine learning classifiers were then trained to decode different tones from their underlying neural activation patterns at each peristimulus time sample, providing a dynamic measure of their dissimilarity in cortex. Comparing the time-varying dissimilarity between tones with the predictions of acoustic and perceptual models, we observed a temporal evolution in the brain's representational structure. Whereas initial dissimilarities mirrored their fundamental-frequency separation, dissimilarities beyond 200 ms reflected the perceptual status of each tone within the tonal hierarchy of Western music. These effects occurred regardless of stimulus regularities within the context or whether listeners were engaged in a task requiring explicit pitch analysis. Lastly, patterns of cortical activity that discriminated between tones became increasingly stable in time as the information coded by those patterns transitioned from low-to-high level properties. Current results reveal the dynamics with which the complex perceptual structure of Western tonal music emerges in cortex at the timescale of an individual tone.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLittle is understood about how the brain transforms an acoustic waveform into the complex perceptual structure of musical pitch. Applying neural decoding techniques to the cortical activity of human subjects engaged in music listening, we measured the dynamics of information processing in the brain on a moment-to-moment basis as subjects heard each tone. In the first 200 ms after onset, transient patterns of neural activity coded the fundamental frequency of tones. Subsequently, a period emerged during which more temporally stable activation patterns coded the perceptual status of each tone within the “tonal hierarchy” of Western music. Our results provide a crucial link between the complex perceptual structure of tonal music and the underlying neural dynamics from which it emerges.
Interaction between early environment and genetic predisposition instigates the metabolically obese, normal weight phenotype in children: findings from the BCAMS study
Authors: Li Ge , Li Yu , Han Lanwen , Wang Dongmei , Zhang Qian , Xiao Xinhua , Qi Lu , Willi Steven M , Li Ming , Mi Jie , Gao Shan 
Published: January 2020

Objective
A subset of normal-weight individuals appears predisposed to obesity-related cardiometabolic abnormalities. Studies of this metabolically obese, normal weight (MONW) phenotype in youth are scarce. We aimed to identify early environmental and genetic factors associated with MONW in children.

Methods
Overall, 1475 normal-weight Chinese children aged 6–18 were recruited from the Beijing Children and Adolescents Metabolic Syndrome study cohort. Birthweight, childhood lifestyle, socio-economic factors, and 20 genetic variants previously shown to be associated with BMI or glucose metabolism in East Asian adults were examined for their association with the MONW phenotype. MONW was defined by exhibiting any metabolic syndrome component.

Results
After adjusting for covariates including BMI, low birthweight and low levels of physical activity, fruit consumption, parental education and household income, as well as CDKAL1 rs2206734 genotype were independent predictors of the MONW phenotype (all P < 0.05). Moreover, rs2206734 interacted with birthweight to predict the MONW phenotype (Pinteraction = 0.0008). Among high (>75th percentile) birthweight individuals, each C allele at this locus was associated with a 62% reduced risk of MONW (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.26-0.58; P = 5.71 × 10−6), while no such genetic associations were found in intermediate or low birthweight individuals (P > 0.1). This CDKAL1-MONW relationship in high birthweight individuals was especially strong in the presence of favorable childhood environmental factors (high levels of physical activity, fruit consumption, parental education and household income) (Pinteraction = 0.013).

Conclusions
Our findings provided the novel evidence that early environment (especially birthweight) and genetics, along with their interaction with one another, play important roles in predicting the MONW phenotype among children.