bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HPV-associated anal lesions in HIV+ patients: long-term results regarding quality of life
Authors: Wesselmann Paul , Schwarze-Zander Carolynne , Boesecke Christoph , Rockstroh Jürgen , Stoffels B. , Vilz Tim O. , Glowka Tim R. , Kalff J. C. , von Websky Martin W. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
HIV infection and concomitant HPV-associated anal lesions may significantly impact on patients’ quality of life (QoL), as they are predicted to have negative effects on health, psyche, and sexuality.

Material and methods
Fifty-two HIV+ patients with HPV-associated anal lesions were enrolled in a survey approach after undergoing routine proctologic assessment and therapy for HPV-associated anal lesions if indicated over a time span of 11 years (11/2004–11/2015). Therapy consisted of surgical ablation and topic treatment. QoL was analyzed using the SF-36 and the CECA questionnaires.

Results
Fifty-two of 67 patients (77.6%) were successfully contacted and 29/52 provided full information. The mean age was 43.8 ± 12.8 years. The median follow-up from treatment to answering of the questionnaire was 34 months. Twenty-one percent (6/29) of the patients reported suffering from recurrence of condyloma acuminata, three patients from anal dysplasia (10.3%). In the SF-36, HIV+ patients did not rate their QoL as significantly different over all items after successful treatment of HPV-associated anal lesions. In the CECA questionnaire, patients with persisting HPV-associated anal lesions reported significantly higher emotional stress levels and disturbance of everyday life compared to patients who had successful treatment (71.9/100 ± 18.7 vs. 40.00/100 ± 27.4, p = 0.004). Importantly, the sexuality of patients with anal lesions was significantly impaired (59.8/100 ± 30.8 vs. 27.5/100 ± 12.2, p = 0.032).

Conclusion
HPV-associated anal lesions impact significantly negative on QoL in HIV+ patients. Successful treatment of HPV-associated anal lesions in HIV+ patients improved QoL. Specific questionnaires, such as CECA, seem to be more adequate than the SF-36 in this setting.
Attitude of cancer patients from online self-help groups towards physical activity
Authors: Roth Imke , Dubois Clara , Schmidt Thorsten , Hübner Jutta 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Physical activity (PA) is important for cancer patients during and after therapy with respect to reducing side effects and improving quality of life. The aim of the study was to examine how physically active German cancer patients are and to identify predictors for PA. In addition, patients were asked about their attitude towards PA.

Methods
A questionnaire was passed on to members of self-help groups. Multiple regression analyses were run to examine possible predictors such as self-efficacy, patient activation, gender, previous PA, therapy status, and age for PA.

Results
62% of the participants followed the official recommendations by the American Cancer Society for weekly aerobic activity. Multiple regression analyses could confirm age as a predictor for total PA. Higher self-efficacy and patient activation were associated with lower disease burden and a more positive attitude towards PA.

Conclusion
This study contributes to the minor knowledge about PA among cancer patients. The examined group showed that there is potential for improvement regarding PA, although the majority had a positive attitude towards PA. Because of the small sample size existing of online self-help group members, results should be taken with caution.
A rotating holographic imager for stationary cloud droplet and ice crystal measurements
Authors: Kaikkonen Ville A. , Molkoselkä Eero O. , Mäkynen Anssi J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn optical cloud droplet and ice crystal measurement system ICEMET (icing condition evaluation method), designed for present icing condition monitoring in field conditions, is presented. The aim in this work has been to develop a simple but precise imaging technique to measure the two often missing parameters needed in icing rate calculations caused by icing clouds—the droplet size distribution (DSD) and the liquid water content (LWC) of the air. The measurement principle of the sensor is based on lens-less digital in-line holographic imaging. Cloud droplets and ice crystals are illuminated by a short laser light pulse and the resulting hologram is digitally sampled by a digital image sensor and the digital hologram is then numerically analyzed to calculate the present DSD and LWC values. The sensor has anti-icing heating power up to 500 W and it is freely rotating by the wind for an optimal sampling direction and aerodynamics. A volume of 0.5 cm3 is sampled in each hologram and the maximum sampling rate is 3 cm3/s. Laboratory tests and simulations were made to ensure the adequate operation of the measurement sensor. Computational flow dynamics simulations showed good agreement with droplet concentration distributions measured from an icing wind tunnel. The anti-icing heating of the sensor kept the sensor operational even in severe icing conditions; the most severe test conditions were the temperature − 15 °C, wind speed 20 m/s and the LWC 0.185 g/m3. The verification measurements made using NIST traceable monodisperse particle standard glass spheres showed that the ICEMET sensor measurement median diameter 25.54 µm matched well with 25.60 µm ± 0.70 µm diameter confidence level given by the manufacturer.
Diversity of cattle raising systems and its effects over forest regrowth in a core region of cattle production in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Carvalho Raquel , de Aguiar Ana Paula Dutra , Amaral Silvana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRoughly 60% of all deforested lands in the Brazilian Amazon are covered with pastures, putting cattle raising in evidence as a major driver of deforestation and also of forests’ regrowth. Still, the role of cattle raising diversity in the landscape dynamics of this region remains poorly understood. To contribute to this discussion, we combined data from semi-structured interviews and quantitative spatially explicit methods to characterize and spatialize cattle raising systems and explore the effects of this diversity over secondary vegetation between 2004 and 2014 in Pará, a hotspot of deforestation and core region of cattle production. We quantified the use of different pasture management strategies to classify small- and large-scale operations into systems with high or low impact against pastures’ degradation. High-impact systems were mapped in regions with consolidated infrastructure and high accumulated deforestation, where they expanded. On the contrary, low-impact systems were more widespread and found near forest frontiers, shrinking over time. High-impact systems had less secondary vegetation, while under low-impact systems, as a result of strategies with little or no effect against degradation, the historical pattern of concentration of this cover prevailed. Better infrastructure and access to markets as well as higher accumulated deforestation are underlying conditions related to the emergence of intensification and, as it is still unclear whether intensification is indeed capable of sparing land, the expansion of intensive cattle raising systems has the potential to configure landscapes with reduced forested areas, either primary or secondary.
Merging of appearance-based place knowledge among multiple robots
Authors: Karaoğuz Hakan , Bozma H. Işil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIf robots can merge the appearance-based place knowledge of other robots with their own, they can relate to these places even if they have not previously visited them. We have investigated this problem using robots with compatible visual sensing capabilities and with each robot having its individual long-term place memory. Here, each place refers to a spatial region as defined by a collection of appearances and in the place memory, the knowledge is organized in a tree hierarchy. In the proposed merging approach, the hierarchical organization plays a key role—as it corresponds to a nested sequence of hyperspheres in the appearance space. The merging proceeds by considering the extent of overlap of the respective nested hyperspheres—starting with the largest covering hypersphere. Thus, differing from related work, knowledge is merged in as large chunks as possible while the hierarchical structure is preserved accordingly. As such, the merging scales better as the extent of knowledge to be merged increases. This is demonstrated in an extensive set of multirobot experiments where robots share their knowledge and then use their merged knowledge when visiting these places.
Diverse Signaling by TGFβ Isoforms in Response to Focal Injury is Associated with Either Retinal Regeneration or Reactive Gliosis
Authors: Conedera Federica Maria , Quintela Pousa Ana Maria , Presby David Mikal , Mercader Nadia , Enzmann Volker , Tschopp Markus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMüller cells may have stem cell-like capability as they regenerate photoreceptor loss upon injury in some vertebrates, but not in mammals. Indeed, mammalian Müller cells undergo major cellular and molecular changes summarized as reactive gliosis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) isoforms are multifunctional cytokines that play a central role, both in wound healing and in tissue repair. Here, we studied the role of TGFβ isoforms and their signaling pathways in response to injury induction during tissue regeneration in zebrafish and scar formation in mouse. Our transcriptome analysis showed a different activation of canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways and how they shaped the injury response. In particular, TGFβ3 promotes retinal regeneration via Smad-dependent canonical pathway upon regulation of junb gene family and mycb in zebrafish Müller cells. However, in mice, TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 evoke the p38MAPK signaling pathway. The activation of this non-canonical pathway leads to retinal gliosis. Thus, the regenerative versus reparative effect of the TGFβ pathway observed may rely on the activation of different signaling cascades. This provides one explanation of the different injury response in zebrafish and mouse retina.
When the Ordinary Meets the Jiggery-Pokery: Towards a Wittgensteinian Reading of Lindgren’s Karlson on the Roof
Authors: Zarębski Tomasz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe article is mainly concerned with philosophical interpretations of Astrid Lindgren’s Karlson books. Inspired by Gaare and Sjaastad’s reading of Pippi Longstocking, the article discusses the philosophical ideas embedded in Lindgren’s books about Pippi Longstocking, stressing, in particular, Lindgren’s implicit critique of Western culture. Next, an attempt is made unsuccessfully to locate the figure of Karlson of the Karlson trilogy (Karlson on the Roof,Karlson Flies AgainandThe World’s Best Karlson) in this critical context. Instead, it is shown that the figure of Karlson may be better understood in the context of the later Wittgenstein’s conception of language games. In such a reading, Karlson appears as a figure of the other. The otherness can be here understood as a distancing act from everyday language games, and the habits andLebensformenthat they function in. While the existing language games’ rules constitute the sphere of the ordinary, the deviation from them forms the sphere of unusualness, extra-ordinariness, otherness, or “jiggery-pokery,” to use Karlson’s words. Presenting such otherness to the reader implicitly serves two pedagogical goals. First, it acquaints children with possible forms of “being other.” Second, it opens a sphere of “whatifness”, that is, the account of what the world would look like if certain concepts, or practices, were different. It is claimed that the domain of “whatifness”, by presenting alternatives to the ordinary, brings the reader closer to a better understanding of the conditions of their ownLebensform.
Gravity Field Modeling Using Tesseroids with Variable Density in the Vertical Direction
Authors: Lin Miao , Denker Heiner , Müller Jürgen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe present an accurate method for the calculation of gravitational potential (GP), vector (GV), and gradient tensor (GGT) of a tesseroid, considering a density model in the form of a polynomial up to cubic order along the vertical direction. The method solves volume integral equations for the gravitational effects due to a tesseroid by the Gauss–Legendre quadrature rule. A two-dimensional adaptive subdivision technique, which automatically divides the tesseroids near the computation point into smaller elements, is applied to improve the computational accuracy. For those tesseroids having small vertical dimensions, an extension technique is additionally utilized to ensure acceptable accuracy, in particular for the evaluation of GV and GGT. Numerical experiments based on spherical shell models, for which analytical solutions exist, are implemented to test the accuracy of the method. The results demonstrate that the new method is capable of computing the gravitational effects of the tesseroids with various horizontal and vertical dimensions as well as density models, while the evaluation point can be on the surface of, near the surface of, outside the tesseroid, or even inside it (only suited for GP and GV). Thus, the method is attractive for many geodetic and geophysical applications on regional and global scales, including the computation of atmospheric effects for terrestrial and satellite usage. Finally, we apply this method for computing the topographic effects in the Himalaya region based on a given digital terrain model and the global atmospheric effects on the Earth’s surface by using three polynomial density models which are derived from the US Standard Atmosphere 1976.
The ‘internationalisation’, or ‘Englishisation’, of higher education in East Asia
Authors: Galloway Nicola , Numajiri Takuya , Rees Nerys 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn recent years, one of the most significant trends in higher education in non-anglophone countries has been the growth in English Medium Instruction (EMI). However, provision is rapidly outpacing empirical research. This study examined how macro-level education policy with regard to EMI is both implemented and conceptualised at the institutional and classroom level in Chinese and Japanese universities. Utilising questionnaires with home students (n = 579) and staff (n = 28), interviews with home students (n = 29) and staff (n = 28) and four focus groups with staff and four with home students, in addition to questionnaires (n = 123), interviews (n = 10) and three focus groups with international students, the study provides insights into how EMI policy is operationalised, including types of programmes and language use, and how it is conceptualised by different stakeholders. The results highlight contextual constraints to policy implementation, calling for the need for more research into this growing trend and curriculum evaluation to inform context-sensitive ways to implement EMI policy. It also calls for a critical examination of monolingual EMI policies and academic norms amidst growing multilingualism in the EMI classroom as well as clear goals and objectives due to varying conceptualisations of the purposes of EMI amongst staff and students.
Reddit: Affordances as an Enabler for Shifting Loyalties
Authors: Prakasam Naveena , Huxtable-Thomas Louisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the affordances ofReddit, a digital media platform where Users share and discuss content. The aim of the study was to understand the affordances of Reddit, and how the affordances of Reddit through various features of the platform lead to outcomes, specifically those relating to political loyalty and the creation of political narratives. The study contributes an insight into the evolution and understanding of affordances as a result of examining the ways in which individuals who were previously members of another political group constructed narratives around switching their support to the Trump campaign in the 2016 US presidential elections. The study specifically focusses on an exclusive membership community called r/The_Donald. As a result of analysing posts on common themes using Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA), we conclude that the features enable membership of a community to be rewarded, switched or denied. As a result, this study has identified five affordances of Reddit, which include credibility, expressing oneself freely, echoing beliefs, creating membership and the meta-affordance ‘Redpilling’. The outcomes of these affordances are that ingroups are created, support can be switched, extreme or hateful views are legitimised and a new brand of conservatism is given credibility. This in turn is concluded to have realised impacts outside of the virtual environment in this case on the self-reported behaviours of voters.
Predicate Change
Authors: Strößner Corina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLike belief revision, conceptual change has rational aspects. The paper discusses this for predicate change. We determine the meaning of predicates by a set of imaginable instances, i.e., conceptually consistent entities that fall under the predicate. Predicate change is then an alteration of which possible entities are instances of a concept. The recent exclusion of Pluto from the category of planets is an example of such a predicate change. In order to discuss predicate change, we define a monadic predicate logic with three different kinds of lawful belief: analytic laws, which hold for all possible instances; doxastic laws, which hold for the most plausible instances; and typicality laws, which hold for typical instances. We introduce predicate changing operations that alter the analytic laws of the language and show that the expressive power is not affected by the predicate change. One can translate the new laws into old laws and vice versa. Moreover, we discuss rational restrictions of predicate change. These limit its possible influence on doxastic and typicality laws. Based on the results, we argue that predicate change can be quite conservative and sometimes even hardly recognisable.
Does quality of life feedback promote seeking help for undiagnosed cancer?
Authors: Skevington Suzanne M. , Long Hannah , Gartland Nicola 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Diagnosing cancer early is an imperative, as help-seeking delays affect survival. Quality of life (QoL) deteriorates after diagnosis, but decline may start when cancer is suspected at the earliest stage of the pathway to treatment. This study examined whether offering guided feedback about personal QoL to adults with potential cancer symptoms, living in deprived communities, changes QoL and promotes help-seeking in primary care.

Methods
Visitors to a CRUK mobile cancer roadshow were recruited in 43 sites. A prospective longitudinal (2 × 2) repeated-measures design was applied. Where they presented a potential cancer symptom, and were ‘signposted’ to a GP, they were allocated to a symptom condition, or a lifestyle condition, if seeking cancer risk advice. Randomisation was to an Intervention group, who received feedback about personal QoL results (WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL importance measures), or a Control group who assessed QoL without feedback. Depression was screened.

Results
Of 107 participants, the mean age was 53; 50% were women, 57% were without tertiary education, 66% were unemployed and 45% were currently ill. Over 10 weeks, 54% of all those with symptoms sought help from a medical source and 42% specifically from a GP. Thirty-one completed all three assessments. With symptoms present, psychological, social and environmental QoL were poor, becoming poorer over time. When the symptoms group received feedback, psychological QoL increased, but GP visits were unaffected. However, feedback increased help-seeking from informal social contacts. Lifestyle groups reported consistently good psychological and social QoL.

Conclusion
This early cancer research offers practical and theoretical implications for QoL interventions in deprived communities.
Increasing validity through replication: an illustrative TDD case
Authors: Santos Adrian , Vegas Sira , Uyaguari Fernando , Dieste Oscar , Turhan Burak , Juristo Natalia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSoftware engineering (SE) experiments suffer from threats to validity that may impact their results. Replication allows researchers building on top of previous experiments’ weaknesses and increasing the reliability of the findings. Illustrating the benefits of replication to increase the reliability of the findings and uncover moderator variables. We replicate an experiment on test-driven development (TDD) and address some of its threats to validity and those of a previous replication. We compare the replications’ results and hypothesize on plausible moderators impacting results. Differences across TDD replications’ results might be due to the operationalization of the response variables, the allocation of subjects to treatments, the allowance to work outside the laboratory, the provision of stubs, or the task. Replications allow examining the robustness of the findings, hypothesizing on plausible moderators influencing results, and strengthening the evidence obtained.
Composition, identity and plural ontology
Authors: Loss Roberto 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccording to ‘Strong Composition as Identity’ (SCAI), if an entity is composed of a plurality of entities, it is identical to them. As it has been argued in the literature, SCAI appears to give rise to some serious problems which seem to suggest that SCAI-theorists should take their plural quantifier to be governed by some ‘weak’ plural comprehension principle and, thus, ‘exclude’ some kinds of pluralities from their plural ontology. The aim of this paper is to argue that, contrary to what may appear at first sight, the assumption of a weak plural comprehension principle is perfectly compatible with plural logic and the common uses of plural quantification. As I aim to show, SCAI-theorists can simply claim that their theory must be understood as formulated by means of the most ‘joint-carving’ plural quantifier, thus leaving open the possibility of other, less joint-carving, ‘unrestricted’ plural quantifiers. In the final part of the paper I will also suggest that SCAI-theorists should not only allow for singular quantification over pluralities of entities, but also for plural quantification over ‘super-pluralities’ of entities.
On Complete Information Dispositionalism
Authors: Nyquist Mons 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn a trio of recent articles, Johnson and Nado (2014, 2016,Philosophia, 45, 717–734, 2017) defend a form of metasemantic dispositionalism, arguing for a novel approach to the “error”-problem, based on speakers’ dispositional states under what they call a state of “full information”. In this article, I argue that their brand of dispositionalism fails to solve the “error”-problem, because of what I think of as counterexamples to it. In the final sections, I propose a way to amend the theory to shield it from some of the counterexamples, based on the idea that what determines meaning is not only dispositions to apply words under full information, but also dispositions to evaluate one’s prior usage, under full information.
Einblicke in die Entstehung von Mikrotubuli
Authors: Pfeffer Stefan , Schiebel Elmar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicrotubules are part of the cytoskeleton and promote various essential cellular functions. Microtubules are dynamic polymers composed of heterodimeric α/ß-tubulin subunits and can assemble de novo in a ‘structural templating’ mechanism assisted by ring-like complexes containing the protein γ-tubulin. Recent cryo-electron microscopy structures of such γ-tubulin ring complexes from vertebrates propelled our understanding of their architecture, assembly and activation mechanism.