bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perbaikan Kompetensi Mengajar Guru Melalui Supervisi Kepala Sekolah Di MAN 1 Medan T.A. 2018/2019
Authors: Maysaroh Maysaroh 
Published: December 2020

Rancangan penelitian bentuk tindakan sekolah dengan memakai tindakan awal dan dua siklus selama tiga bulan, yang dimulai pada bulan Agustus sampai bulan Oktober 2018. Tujuan penelitian adalah 1) mengetahui tingkat prestasi dalam pelaksanaan tugas mengajar 2) mengetahui peningkatan prestasi kerja guru melalui supervisi objek penelitian guru MAN 1 Medan yang berstatus guru tidak tetap dengan masa kerja antara 1 s.d 3 tahun. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan observasi, studi dokumen dan dialog. Pada identifikasi masalah prestasi kerja kategori kurang pada dua indikator yang diteliti. Setelah dilakukan perbaikan pada siklus pertama dan kedua dapat diperoleh perbaikan prestasi dengan rincian sebagai berikut : 1) Indikator RPP diperoleh kategori baik 60%, cukup 40%. 2) Indikator 2 penyajian materi diperoleh kategori baik 70% cukup 30%, yang kurang 0%. Memperhatikan hasil siklus 1 dan 2 dapat disimpulkan bahwa prestasi guru dapat diperbaiki melalui tindakan supervisi.
ANALISIS KINERJA PEGAWAI DALAM PENYELENGARAAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI SEKRETARIAT DPRD KOTA SUNGAI PENUH
Authors: Septiani Eka 
Published: December 2020

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Observations of Solar Type III radio bursts by Cassini/RPWS experiment
Authors: Boudjada Mohammed Y. , Abou el-Fadl Ahmed , Galopeau Patrick H. M. , Al-Haddad Eimad , Lammer Helmut 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In this study, we report on the occurrence of solar Type III radio bursts recorded by radio and plasma wave experiment (RPWS) experiment onboard Cassini spacecraft. This instrument is designed to investigate the Saturn's plasma environment and sub-auroral radio missions. RPWS/Cassini experiment allows to measure electric field over a frequency range from 1 Hz to 16 MHz (Gurnett et al., 2004). The essential observed emission is associated to the Saturnian Kilometric Radiation (SKR) which is generated in the sub-auroral regions of the magnetosphere. The capability of this experiment leads to detect Solar Type III radio bursts recorded during the increase phase of the solar activity, i.e. January 2008 to December 2014. Hence we have found more than 300 Type III solar bursts when the distance of Cassini to the Sun was about 10 AU. Observational parameters like the time occurrence, the emission frequency and the relative intensity are considered in this analysis. Those features lead us to characterize the detection conditions and to estimate the occurrence variabilities of Type III bursts.
Mechanisms for Correcting Judicial Errors in Germany
Authors: Lindemann Michael , Lienau Fabienne 
Published: December 2020

Mechanisms for Correcting Judicial Errors in Germany
The article presents the status quo of the law of retrial in Germany and gives an overview of the law and practice of the latter in favour of the convicted and to the disadvantage of the defendant. Particularly, the formal and material prerequisites for a successful petition to retry the criminal case are subject to a detailed presentation and evaluation. Because no official statistics are kept regarding successful retrial processes in Germany, the actual number of judicial errors is primarily the subject of more or less well-founded estimates by legal practitioners and journalists. However, there are a few newer empirical studies devoted to different facets of the subject. These studies will be discussed in this article in order to outline the state of empirical research on the legal reality of the retrial procedure. Against this background, the article will ultimately highlight currently discussed reforms and subject these to a critical evaluation as well. The aim of the recent reform efforts is to add a ground for retrial to the disadvantage of the defendant for cases in which new facts or evidence indicate that the acquitted person was guilty. After detailed discussion, the proposal in question is rejected, inter alia for constitutional reasons.
Detailhandel & Dienstenrichtlijn
Authors: Heutink G.H.J. (Gijs) 
Published: December 2020

Detailhandel & Dienstenrichtlijn. De pakketbenadering: toverwoord of hellend vlak?
In dit artikel gaat auteur in op een aantal uitspraken van de Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak in navolging op de zaak Appingedam. Auteur bespreekt hoe de Afdeling de ‘pakketbenadering’ toepast in deze jurisprudentie.
Los Centros Especiales de Empleo: configuración legal e incidencia y valoración de las últimas actuaciones normativas
Authors: Sánchez Pachón Luis Ángel 
Published: December 2020

El reconocimiento legal de los Centros Especiales de Empleo (CEE) se produjo en la Ley 13/1982, de 7 de abril. La Ley 5/2011, de Economía Social, incluyó a los CEE dentro de las entidades de economía social. El Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2013 dio una nueva definición de los CEE. La Ley 9/2017, de 8 de noviembre, de contratos del sector público, produjo un cambio significativo en la tipificación de los CEE, repercutiendo en las reservas de contrataciones del sector público. En el trabajo repasamos esta evolución normativa, nos centramos en la caracterización actual de los CEE y en el cambio significativo producido en la Ley de 2017. El cambio no deja de ser polémico. En los pocos años de vigencia de la reforma surgen conflictos en su aplicación, discrepancias interpretativas, desajustes o colisiones con otras instituciones de nuestro sistema jurídico y no faltan, tampoco, voces críticas que cuestionan sus objetivos.
Las empresas de inserción en España en 2019
Authors: García Calavia Miguel Ángel 
Published: December 2020

En el presente artículo, se ofrecen los resultados de una radiografía que se ha llevado a cabo de las empresas sociales de integración laboral en España, cinco años después de dada por finalizada la gran recesión de este siglo (2009-2014). Se trata de iniciativas ya consolidadas que han evidenciado su capacidad de innovación en la búsqueda de soluciones adecuadas tanto en lo que se refiere al entorno territorial como a los distintos grupos destinatarios.Además, en la investigación empírica se quiere profundizar en una de las funciones sociales básicas de este tipo de empresas: la de intermediarias de transición de grupos sociales desfavorecidos en el mercado de trabajo.Las fuentes de información para la radiografía provienen de documentación de FAEDEI y de entrevistas en profundidad a informantes cualificados, mediadores laborales de las WISE. Los resultados han permitido profundizar en el conocimiento de los procesos de inserción de las personas con serias dificultades para encontrar empleo y en riesgo de exclusión social.
The Earth's Lithosphere Inspires Materials Design
Authors: Beygelzimer Yan , Kulagin Roman , Fratzl Peter , Estrin Yuri 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStructural patterns found in living organisms have long been inspiring biomimetic materials design. Here, it is suggested that a rich palette of patterns occurring in inanimate Nature, and especially in the Earth's lithosphere, could be not less inspirational for design of novel architectured materials. This materials design paradigm is referred to as lithomimetics and it is demonstrated that some of the patterns found in the lithosphere can be emulated by established processes of severe plastic deformation. This opens up interesting avenues for materials design in which potentially promising structural patterns are borrowed from the lithosphere's repository. The key aim here is to promulgate the “lithomimetics” paradigm as a promising approach to developing novel architectured materials.
Roles of MACl in Sequentially Deposited Bromine‐Free Perovskite Absorbers for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Ye Feihong , Ma Junjie , Chen Cong , Wang Haibing , Xu Yuhao , Zhang Shunping , Wang Ti , Tao Chen , Fang Guojia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSo far, the combination of methylammonium bromide/methylammonium chloride (MABr/MACl) or methylammonium iodide (MAI)/MACl is the most frequently used additives to stabilize formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) fabricated by the sequential deposition method. However, the enlarged bandgap due to the addition of bromide and the ambiguous functions of these additives in lead iodide (PbI2) transformation are still worth considering. Herein, the roles of MACl in sequentially deposited Br‐free FA‐based perovskites are systematically investigated. It is found that MACl can finely regulate the PbI2/FAI reaction, tune the phase transition at room temperature, and adjust intermediate‐related perovskite crystallization and decomposition during thermal annealing. Compared to FAPbI3, the perovskite with MACl exhibits larger grain, longer carrier lifetime, and reduced trap density. The resultant solar cell therefore achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.1% under reverse scan with a stabilized power output of 23.0%. In addition, it shows much improved photostability under 100 mW cm−2 white illumination (xenon lamp) in nitrogen atmosphere without encapsulation.
Dimensional Stacking for Machine Learning in ToF‐SIMS Analysis of Heterostructures
Authors: Abbasi Kevin , Smith Hugh , Hoffman Matthew , Farghadany Elahe , Bruckman Laura S. , Sehirlioglu Alp 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOutput from multidimensional datasets obtained from spectroscopic imaging techniques provides large data suitable for machine learning techniques to elucidate physical and chemical attributes that define the maximum variance in the specimens. Here, a recently proposed technique of dimensional stacking is applied to obtain a cumulative depth over several LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures with varying thicknesses. Through dimensional reduction techniques via non‐negative matrix factorization (NMF) and principal component analysis (PCA), it is shown that dimensional stacking provides much more robust statistics and consensus while still being able to separate different specimens of varying parameters. The results of stacked and unstacked samples as well as the dimensional reduction techniques are compared. Applied to four LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures with varying thicknesses, NMF is able to separate 1) surface and film termination; 2) film; 3) interface position; and 4) substrate attributes from each other with near perfect consensus. However, PCA results in the loss of data related to the substrate.
Hydroxyl Assisted, Photoredox/Cobalt Co‐catalyzed Semi‐Hydrogenation and Tandem Cyclization of o‐Alkynylphenols for Access to 2,3‐Dihydrobenzofurans
Authors: Tian Wan‐Fa , Zhu Yao , He Yong‐Qin , Wang Mei , Song Xian‐Rong , Bai Jiang , Xiao Qiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHerein, a hydroxyl assisted, photoredox/cobalt co‐catalyzed semi‐hydrogenation and tandem cyclization of o‐alkynylphenols is developed towards direct assembly of 2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans. Moderate to good yields were obtained for a range of sterically and electronically diverse 2‐propynolphenols under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies demonstrated the inevitable role of the alcoholic hydroxyl group with (Z)‐alkene as the real intermediate. Finally, a key low‐valent cobalt catalyzed intramolecular hydroetherification of alkene is proposed.magnified image
Effective C5‐Arylation of Peptide‐Integrated Oxazoles: Almazole D
Authors: Oberheide Ansgar , Arndt Hans‐Dieter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn efficient functionalization approach of oxazoles by using Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions is reported. Oxazolone formation and subsequent sulfamoylation in situ are facilitated by employing N,N‐diethylsulfamoyl imidazolium triflate. Cross‐couplings provide both oxazole‐arenes and oxazole‐heteroarenes and were compatible with sensitive and epimerization‐prone substrates, as exemplified by the total synthesis of the natural product almazole D.magnified image
Visible‐Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed Tandem Trifluoro‐methylation/Cyclization/Remote Oxidation of 1,6‐Dienes: Access to CF3‐Containing Five‐Membered Heterocycles
Authors: Chun Jianlin , Zhang Honglin , Meng Fei , Guo Kang , Cao Shujun , Fang Qin , Li Jie , Zhu Yingguang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA visible‐light photoredox‐catalyzed tandem trifluoromethylation/cyclization/remote oxidation of 1,6‐dienes has been achieved. A broad range of trifluoromethyl group‐containing tetrahydrofurans or tetrahydropyrroles could be generated in good yields and with excellent diastereoselectivity by using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the oxidant. The mild and facile protocol affords direct access to trifluoromethyl group‐bearing tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrroles via difunctionalization of olefins.magnified image
Synthesis of Nitro Alcohols by Riboflavin Promoted Tandem Nef‐Henry Reactions on Nitroalkanes
Authors: Lupidi Gabriele , Palmieri Alessandro , Petrini Marino 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe disclose a unprecedented riboflavin promoted Nef reaction of primary nitroalkanes coupled with a nitroaldol reaction. This tandem process allows the synthesis of functionalized nitro alcohols under mild reaction conditions. Secondary nitroalkanes fail to give the expected nitroaldol products although they are consumed under the reaction conditions.magnified image
Changes in Consumer Preferences toward Non‐GM Foods within an Information‐Rich Environment: The Case of the Washington State Ballot Initiative
Authors: Magnier Alexandre , Kalaitzandonakes Nicholas , Lusk Jayson 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the impact of information on consumer preference for GM foods. In November 2013, the state of Washington voted on ballot initiative I‐522, which would have required the labeling of GM foods. The political campaign preceding the vote gave rise to an information‐rich environment where positive and negative information about GM foods became available to consumers in this state. We estimated the WTP for avoiding GM ingredients before and at the time of the vote and found that the WTP for non‐GM foods declined. This result is consistent with the proposition that information can affect consumer preferences for GM foods.
Expression patterns of the ZmASR family during simulated drought stress in maize
Authors: Zhang Lili , Yi Xiaoping , Guo Jingyuan , Zhao Hui , Xia Qiyu , He Pingping , Huo Shanshan , Qu Jing , Cao Yang , Tan Yanhua , Guo Anping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop. Maize production is adversely affected by abiotic stress, especially drought stress. The screening and characterization of the roles of stress‐related genes in maize are thus essential for improving abiotic stress resistance. Abscisic acid‐stress‐ripening (ASR)‐induced proteins with abscisic acid/water deficit stress (ABA/WDS) domains are a class of plant‐specific transcription factors that play an important role in plant development, growth, and abiotic stress responses. In this study, nine members of the ASR‐induced protein in maize (ZmASR) family were predicted and analyzed in maize in terms of gene structure, subcellular localization, amino acid sequence, physical and chemical properties, secondary structure, tertiary structure, and phosphorylation modification sites by bioinformatics. Analysis of regulatory promoter elements was performed to provide additional information about their distinctive tissue‐specific expression and possible functions. To further investigate the function of these proteins in maize, the expression levels of ZmASRs in different tissues and in response to different drought stress treatments were analyzed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The results showed that the nine members of the maize ZmASR family have very different expression levels in different organs and under different degrees of drought stress. Moreover, the expression levels of the nine members in the same organ also varied greatly with leaf age. These findings provide a reference for functional research of the maize ZmASR gene family. Our findings have important theoretical and practical significance for cultivating new drought‐resistant maize varieties and promoting the development of the maize industry.
Optional tool use: The case of wild bearded capuchins (Sapajus libidinosus) cracking cashew nuts by biting or by using percussors
Authors: Visalberghi Elisabetta , Barca Virginia , Izar Patricia , Fragaszy Dorothy , Truppa Valentina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTool use in humans can be optional, that is, the same person can use different tools or no tool to achieve a given goal. Strategies to reach the same goal may differ across individuals and cultures and at the intra‐individual level. This is the first experimental study at the intra‐individual level on the optional use of a tool in wild nonhuman primates. We investigated optional tool use by wild bearded capuchins (Sapajus libidinosus) of Fazenda Boa Vista (FBV; Piauí, Brazil). These monkeys habitually succeed in cracking open the mesocarp of dry cashew nuts (Anacardiumspp.) by pounding them with stones and/or by biting. We assessed whether availability of a stone and resistance of the nut affected capuchins' choice to pound or to bite the nuts and their rates of success. Sixteen capuchins (1–16 years) received small and large dry cashew nuts by an anvil together with a stone (Stone condition) or without a stone (No‐Stone condition). In the Stone conditions, subjects used it to crack the nut in 89.1% (large nuts) and 90.1% (small nut) of the trials. Nut size significantly affected the number of strikes used to open it. Availability of the stone significantly increased the average percent of success. In the No‐Stone conditions, monkeys searched for and used other percussors to crack the nuts in 54% of trials. In all conditions, age affects percentage of success and number of strikes to reach success. We argue that exclusive use of stones in other sites may be due to the higher abundance of stones at these sites compared with FBV. Since capuchins opened cashews with a tool 1–2 years earlier than they succeed at cracking more resistant palm nuts, we suggest that success at opening cashew nuts with percussors may support the monkeys' persistent efforts to crack palm nuts.
Optimization of Deodorization Design for Four Different Kinds of Vegetable Oil in Industrial Trial to Reduce Thermal Deterioration of Product
Authors: Liu Xiaojun , Zhou Shengmin , Jiang Yuanrong , Xu Xuebing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTrans fatty acids (TFA) have been shown to be associated with various health disorders. Due to thermal stress, one major source of dietary TFA is high‐temperature deodorization of vegetable oils. In this study, precision minimal deodorization was proposed to obtain healthier “zero‐TFA” vegetable oils (TFA ≤0.3%). By optimizing temperatures for different deodorizers, dual columns with dual temperatures (DCDT) deodorizers were proposed, transformed, and industrially implemented among dozens of plants. The deodorization temperatures were optimized and customized, respectively, for four kinds of vegetable oil (soybean oil and rapeseed oil: tray column 205 °C and packed column 225 °C, maize oil and sunflower seed oil: tray column 210 °C and packed column 230 °C). Industrial trials showed that all four kinds of oils can achieve “zero‐TFA” by DCDT deodorization at the customized mild temperatures, and meanwhile oil physicochemical qualities and shelf‐life stabilities were compared with corresponding conventional refining oils. The initial free fatty acid and color were a little higher than that of conventional refining oils, but no significant differences were shown in change trends of these physicochemical indexes during the shelf life, which indicated a good and stable oil quality of “zero‐TFA” oils for future industrial productions and sales.
Engineering multistructure poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes modified by polydopamine to achieve superhydrophilicity, excellent permeability, and antifouling properties
Authors: Ding Jie , Zeng Jianxian , Zeng Yajie , Yuan Zhengqiu , Huang Xiaoping , Wu Yanna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPolydopamine (PDA) was coated on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes with different structures to select the most suitable structure for achieving outstanding hydrophilicity, permeability, stability, and antifouling properties. PVDF membranes were prepared with different solvents (N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone [NMP], N,N‐dimethylacetamide [DMAc], N,N‐dimethylformamide [DMF], NMP/DMAc, NMP/DMF, DMAc/DMF, and NMP/DMAc/DMF), and the factors that influenced the phase inversion were discussed. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to characterize various membranes. Results indicated that PDA was coated on PVDF membrane surface and formed a smoother PDA layer. Water contact angle measurement confirmed the increased hydrophilicity of PDA modified membranes, but water flux decreased due to the adhesion of PDA on pore walls. The decrease of static adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA), the increase of flux recovery ratio (FRR), and the decline of fouling resistance for PDA modified membranes demonstrated that their antifouling properties have been improved significantly. The membrane prepared with NMP/DMAc displayed the highest decay rate of contact angle (16.6 ± 1.27%), the higher water flux (1358.5 ± 33.87 L m−2 h−1), the highest decrease of BSA adsorption (129.3 ± 5.02 μg cm−2), the highest increase rate of BSA rejection (13.6 ± 0.42%), and the highest FRR (92.8 ± 1.42%). This indicated that NMP/DMAc membrane possessed the most suitable structure to improve membrane performances by PDA coating.