bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Academic Rhinologists’ Online Rating and Perception, Scholarly Productivity, and Industry Payments
Authors: Goshtasbi Khodayar , Lehrich Brandon M. , Abouzari Mehdi , Bazyani Dariush , Abiri Arash , Papagiannopoulos Peter , Tajudeen Bobby A. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction The emergence of popular online rating websites, social media platforms, and public databases for industry payments and scholarly outputs provide a complete physician online presence which may guide choice and satisfaction. Methods Websites of all U.S. otolaryngology academic institutions were queried for fellowship-trained rhinologists. Additional well-known and academically active rhinologists were identified by the senior author. Online ratings and comments were collected from Google, Healthgrades, Vitals, and RateMD websites, and weighted rating scores (RS) were calculated on a 1–5 scale. Results A total of 210 rhinologists with 16 ± 9 years of practice were included, where 6901 online ratings (33 ± 47 per rhinologist) provided an average RS of 4.3 ± 0.6. RS was not different according to gender ( p = 0.58), geographic quartile ( p = 0.48), social media presence ( p = 0.41), or attending top-ranked medical school ( p = 0.86) or residency programs ( p = 0.89). Years of practice negatively correlated with RS (R = –0.22, p<0.01), and academic ranking significantly influenced RS, with professors, associate professors, and assistant professors scoring 4.1 ± 0.6, 4.3 ± 0.4, and 4.4 ± 0.6, respectively ( p = 0.03). Of the 3,304 narrative comments analyzed (3.1 ± 11.6 per rhinologist), 76% (positive) and 7% (negative) had elements of clinical knowledge/outcomes, 56% (positive) and 7% (negative) of communication/bedside manner, and 9% (positive) and 7% (negative) of office staff, cost, and wait-time. All negative comment categories had moderate negative correlation with RS, while positive comment categories regarding knowledge/competence and bedside manner weakly correlated with higher RS. Number of publications (48 ± 54) positively correlated with 2018 industry payments ($11,384 ± $19,025) among those receiving industry compensation >$300 (n = 113). Attending a top-ranked medical school was associated with higher industry payments ( p<0.01) and H-index ( p = 0.02). Conclusion Academic rhinologists’ online RS was not associated with gender, geographic location, or attending a top-ranked training program, and their scholarly productivity was significantly correlated with total industry payments.
Impact of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine on one-year renal transplant outcomes: A single-centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ong Pei Wen , Kee Terence , Ho Quan Yao 
Published: September 2020

Background: Calcineurin inhibitors are the cornerstone of maintenance immunosuppression after kidney transplant. While studies on predominantly Caucasian populations recommend tacrolimus over cyclosporine, the effects on Singapore’s local population remain unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the impact of tacrolimus against cyclosporine on post-transplant outcomes in our local kidney transplant population. Methods: A single-centre retrospective chart review was conducted on ABO- and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-compatible kidney transplantations between 1 January 2011 and 15 August 2018. Patients who received basiliximab induction, prednisolone, mycophenolate and either tacrolimus or cyclosporine were included and followed up for at least one year. Recipients of transplantations at other institutions or other immunosuppressive regimens were excluded. Patient and graft outcomes and adverse effects were collected. Results: Overall, 120 patients on tacrolimus and 49 on cyclosporine were included. Patients on tacrolimus were older. This group had more deceased donor transplants, a higher proportion with donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) present and more HLA mismatches. There were no differences in patient and graft survival, graft function and acute rejections at one year, despite adjusting for age, transplant type, presence of DSAs and total HLA mismatches. The tacrolimus group had more infectious admissions (odds ratio=0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.098–0.73, p=0.01) after adjusting for age, transplant type, HLA mismatches, presence of DSAs and acute rejections, with increased severity and more opportunistic infections. More patients on cyclosporine required a change to alternative immunosuppressants (p=0.003). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated comparable short-term post-transplant outcomes between cyclosporine and tacrolimus. Tacrolimus appears more tolerable but may be associated with infection risks.
Mobilization and calibration of the HTC VIVE for virtual reality physical therapy
Authors: Hemphill Sydney , Nguyen Alan , Rodriguez Samuel T , Menendez Maria , Wang Ellen , Lawrence Kiley , Caruso Thomas J 
Published: September 2020

Aims The HTC VIVE virtual reality (VR) system is a potential tool for collecting kinematic data during inpatient and outpatient physical therapy (PT). When validated against research-grade systems, the VIVE has a reported translational error between 1.7 mm–2.0 cm. Our purpose was to portabilize the VIVE for room to room PT and validate the motion tracking software. Methods The VIVE was configured on a mobile cart. To validate the motion tracking software, the VIVE sensors (motion tracker, controller, headset) were mounted on a rigid linear track and driven through 10, one-meter translations in the X, Y, and Z axes. Results The mean translational error for all three sensors was below 4.9 cm. While error is greater than that reported for research-grade systems, motion tracking software on the portable VIVE unit appears to be a valid means of tracking aggregate movement. Conclusion Some therapy may require more precise measurements, however, the advantages of portability and accessibility to patients may outweigh the limitation of reduced precision.
Paternal DNA Methylation May Be Associated With Gestational Age at Birth
Authors: Luo Rui , Mukherjee Nandini , Chen Su , Jiang Yu , Arshad S Hasan , Holloway John W , Hedman Anna , Gruzieva Olena , Andolf Ellika , Pershagen Goran , Almqvist Catarina , Karmaus Wilfried JJ 
Published: September 2020

Background: How epigenetic modifications of DNA are associated with gestational age at birth is not fully understood. We investigated potential effects of differential paternal DNA methylation (DNAm) on offspring gestational age at birth by conducting an epigenome-wide search for cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites. Methods: Study participants in this study consist of male cohort members or partners of the F1-generation of the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort (IoWBC). DNAm levels in peripheral blood from F1-fathers (n = 92) collected around pregnancy of their spouses were analyzed using the Illumina 450K array. A 5-step statistical analysis was performed. First, a training-testing screening approach was applied to select CpG sites that are potentially associated with gestational age at birth. Second, functional enrichment analysis was employed to identify biological processes. Third, by centralizing on biologically informative genes, Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the hazard ratios of individual paternal CpGs on gestational age adjusting for confounders. Fourth, to assess the validity of our results, we compared our CpG-gestational age correlations within a Born into Life Study in Sweden (n = 15). Finally, we investigated the correlation between the detected CpGs and differential gene expression in F2 cord blood in the IoWBC. Results: Analysis of DNAm of fathers collected around their partner’s pregnancy identified 216 CpG sites significantly associated with gestational age at birth. Functional enrichment pathways analyses of the annotated genes revealed 2 biological pathways significantly related to cell-cell membrane adhesion molecules. Differential methylation of 9 cell membrane adhesion pathway-related CpGs were significantly associated with gestational age at birth after adjustment for confounders. The replication sample showed correlation coefficients of 2 pathway-related CpGs with gestational age at birth within 95% confidence intervals of correlation coefficients in IoWBC. Finally, CpG sites of protocadherin ( PCDH) gene clusters were associated with gene expression of PCDH in F2 cord blood. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that differential paternal DNAm may affect gestational age at birth through cell-cell membrane adhesion molecules. The results are novel but require future replication in a larger cohort.
A novel algorithm comprehensively characterizes human RH genes using whole-genome sequencing data
Authors: Chang Ti-Cheng , Haupfear Kelly M. , Yu Jing , Rampersaud Evadnie , Sheehan Vivien A. , Flanagan Jonathan M. , Hankins Jane S. , Weiss Mitchell J. , Wu Gang , Vege Sunitha , Westhoff Connie M. , Chou Stella T. , Zheng Yan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRHD and RHCE genes encode Rh blood group antigens and exhibit extensive single-nucleotide polymorphisms and chromosome structural changes in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). RH variation can drive loss of antigen epitopes or expression of new epitopes, predisposing patients with SCD to Rh alloimmunization. Serologic antigen typing is limited to common Rh antigens, necessitating a genetic approach to detect variant antigen expression. We developed a novel algorithm termed RHtyper for RH genotyping from existing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. RHtyper determined RH genotypes in an average of 3.4 and 3.3 minutes per sample for RHD and RHCE, respectively. In a validation cohort consisting of 57 patients with SCD, RHtyper achieved 100% accuracy for RHD and 98.2% accuracy for RHCE, when compared with genotypes obtained by RH BeadChip and targeted molecular assays and after verification by Sanger sequencing and independent next-generation sequencing assays. RHtyper was next applied to WGS data from an additional 827 patients with SCD. In the total cohort of 884 patients, RHtyper identified 38 RHD and 28 RHCE distinct alleles, including a novel RHD DAU allele, RHD* 602G, 733C, 744T 1136T. RHtyper provides comprehensive and high-throughput RH genotyping from WGS data, facilitating deconvolution of the extensive RH genetic variation among patients with SCD. We have implemented RHtyper as a cloud-based public access application in DNAnexus (https://platform.dnanexus.com/app/RHtyper), enabling clinicians and researchers to perform RH genotyping with next-generation sequencing data.
Stable HLA antibodies following sustained CD19+ cell depletion implicate a long-lived plasma cell source
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Schuster Stephen J. , Lacey Simon F. , Milone Michael C. , Monos Dimitri , Bhoj Vijay G. 
Published: September 2020

Key Points
HLA-specific alloantibodies can be maintained despite profound CD19+ cell aplasia, likely due to production by CD19− plasma cells.
Hot Extrusion Processing of Al–Li Alloy Profiles and Related Issues: A Review
Authors: Wang Yongxiao , Zhao Guoqun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAl–Li alloy is a new structural material with the advantages of lightweight and high strength. The extrusion profiles of Al–Li alloy are widely used in aerospace and other fields, which can significantly reduce the weight of the aerospace equipment and improve their carrying capacity and service performance. Particular service conditions of structural components in aeronautical and space areas put forward strict requirements on microstructure, mechanical properties, and dimensional precision of Al–Li alloy profiles. Therefore, it places higher requirements on the shape forming and microstructure controlling of the Al–Li alloy profiles. The manufacturing process of the profiles involves billet homogenization, hot extrusion, solution and quenching treatments, artificial aging, and others. The parameters of each process as well as the die structure have important effects on the final performance of the profiles. This article summarizes the main applications and key mechanical properties of Al–Li alloy extrusion profiles. The technologies related to the manufacturing process of the extrusion profiles are summarized and analyzed. The related studies about the evolutions of the microstructure and mechanical properties during homogenization and extrusion processes are reviewed. The developments of the solid solution and quenching treatments as well as the aging strengthening technology for extruded Al–Li alloy profiles are also introduced. The scientific problems and key technologies that need to be solved in the manufacturing of Al–Li alloy extrusion profiles are presented, and the prospect for future development trends in these fields is given.
Effects of graphene oxide on PCR amplification for microbial community survey
Authors: Li Shuzhen , Wang Zhujun , Wang Yuanyuan , Song Maoyong , Lu Guangxin , Dang Ning , Yin Huaqun , Qu Yuanyuan , Deng Ye 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Graphene oxide (GO) has been suggested as an efficient assistant additive to eliminate non-specific amplification of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although many studies have focused on exploring its molecular mechanism, the practice of GO on the quantitation of microbial community has not been implemented yet. In this study, GO was added in PCR system to explore the changes on removing typical amplification errors, such as chimera and mismatches on two kinds of mock communities (an evenly mixed and a staggered mock communities) and environmental samples.

Results
High-throughput sequencing of bacterial and fungal communities, based on 16S rRNA genes and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) respectively, showed that GO could significantly increase large segmental error (chimeric sequence) in PCR procedure while had no specific effect on point error (mismatched sequence). Besides, GO reduced the α-diversity of community, and changed the composition of fungal community more obviously than bacterial community.

Conclusions
Our study provides the first quantitative data on microbial community level to prove the negative effect of GO, and also indicates that there may be a more complex interaction between GO and comprehensive DNA fragments in PCR process.
The effects of different lookback periods on the sociodemographic structure of the study population and on the estimation of incidence rates: analyses with German claims data
Authors: Epping Jelena , Geyer Siegfried , Tetzlaff Juliane 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Defining incident cases has always been a challenging issue for researchers working with routine data. Lookback periods should enable researchers to identify and exclude recurrent cases and increase the accuracy of the incidence estimation. There are different recommendations for lookback periods depending on a disease entity of up to 10 years. Well-known drawbacks of the application of lookback periods are shorter remaining observation period in the dataset or smaller number of cases. The problem of selectivity of the remaining population after introducing lookback periods has not been considered in the literature until now.

Methods
The analyses were performed with pseudonymized claims data of a German statutory health insurance fund with annual case numbers of about 2,1 million insured persons. Proportions of study population excluded due to the application of lookback periods are shown according to age, occupational qualification and income. Myocardial infarction and stroke were used to demonstrate changes in incidence rates after applying lookback periods of up to 5 years.

Results
Younger individuals show substantial dropouts after the application of lookback periods. Furthermore, there are selectivities regarding occupational qualification and income, which cannot be handled by age standardization. Due to selective dropouts of younger individuals, crude incidence rates of myocardial infarction and stroke increase after applying lookback periods. Depending on the income group, age-standardized incidence rates changed differentially, leading to a decrease and possible underestimation of the social gradient after applying lookback periods.

Conclusions
Selectivity analyses regarding age and sociodemographic structure should be performed for the study population after applying lookback periods since the selectivity can affect the outcome especially in health care research. The selectivity effects might occur not only in claims data of one health insurance fund, but also in other longitudinal data with left- or right-censoring not covering the whole population. The effects may also apply to health care systems with a mix of public and private health insurance. A trade-off has to be considered between selectivity effects and eliminating recurrent events for more accuracy in the definition of incidence.
Establishment of a pediatric COVID-19 biorepository: unique considerations and opportunities for studying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children
Authors: Lima Rosiane , Gootkind Elizabeth F. , De la Flor Denis , Yockey Laura J. , Bordt Evan A. , D’Avino Paolo , Ning Shen , Heath Katerina , Harding Katherine , Zois Jaclyn , Park Grace , Hardcastle Margot , Grinke Kathleen A. , Grimmel Sheila , Davidson Susan P. , Forde Pamela J. , Hall Kathryn E. , Neilan Anne M. , Matute Juan D. , Lerou Paul H. , Fasano Alessio , Shui Jessica E. , Edlow Andrea G. , Yonker Lael M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
COVID-19, the disease caused by the highly infectious and transmissible coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has quickly become a morbid global pandemic. Although the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is less clinically apparent, collecting high-quality biospecimens from infants, children, and adolescents in a standardized manner during the COVID-19 pandemic is essential to establish a biologic understanding of the disease in the pediatric population. This biorepository enables pediatric centers world-wide to collect samples uniformly to drive forward our understanding of COVID-19 by addressing specific pediatric and neonatal COVID-19-related questions.

Methods
A COVID-19 biospecimen collection study was implemented with strategic enrollment guidelines to include patients seen in urgent care clinics and hospital settings, neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, and asymptomatic children. The methodology described here, details the importance of establishing collaborations between the clinical and research teams to harmonize protocols for patient recruitment and sample collection, processing and storage. It also details modifications required for biobanking during a surge of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Considerations and challenges facing enrollment of neonatal and pediatric cohorts are described. A roadmap is laid out for successful collection, processing, storage and database management of multiple pediatric samples such as blood, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, sputum, saliva, tracheal aspirates, stool, and urine. Using this methodology, we enrolled 327 participants, who provided a total of 972 biospecimens.

Conclusions
Pediatric biospecimens will be key in answering questions relating to viral transmission by children, differences between pediatric and adult viral susceptibility and immune responses, the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on fetal development, and factors driving the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. The specimens in this biorepository will allow necessary comparative studies between children and adults, help determine the accuracy of current pediatric viral testing techniques, in addition to, understanding neonatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease abnormalities. The successful establishment of a pediatric biorepository is critical to provide insight into disease pathogenesis, and subsequently, develop future treatment and vaccination strategies.
Positioning work related stress – GPs’ reasoning about using the WSQ combined with feedback at consultation
Authors: Hultén Anna-Maria , Dahlin-Ivanoff Synneve , Holmgren Kristina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
General practitioners (GPs) regularly handle cases related to stress and work capacity, but often find this work difficult. However, using an assessment tool in a structured way can increase GPs’ awareness of the risk for sick leave and need of referrals to preventive measures. Today there is no established methodical practice for this in primary health care. The aim of this study was to explore GPs’ reasoning about using the Work Stress Questionnaire combined with feedback at consultation as an early intervention to reduce sick leave.

Methods
A focus group study was performed with 23 GPs at six primary health care centres. The discussions were analysed based on a method by Krueger.

Results
Three themes emerged. Positioning work-related stress describes the need to make fundamental standpoints on stress and how it should be handled, to make sense of their work concerning work-related stress. Making use of resources focuses on GPs performing to the best of their ability using assigned resources to treat patients with stress-related ill health, even if the resources were perceived as insufficient. Practising daily work focuses on the GPs’ regular and preferred way of working set against the degree of intrusion and benefits. The two related themes making use of resources and practising daily work were mirrored through the third theme, positioning work-related stress, to form an understanding of how GPs should work with patients perceiving work-related stress.

Conclusions
The GPs own competence and tools, those of other professionals and the time allocated were seen as important when treating patients perceiving ill health due to work-related stress. When resources were insufficient though, the GPs questioned their responsibility for these patients. The results also indicate that the GPs viewed their ordinary consultative way of working as sufficient to identify these patients. The intervention was therefore not seen as useful for early treatment of patients at risk of sick leave due to work-related stress. However, prevention is an important part of the PHC’s responsibility, and strategies concerning stress-related ill health therefore need to be more thoroughly formulated and incorporated.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02480855. Registered 20 May 2015.