bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities Old and New in US Mental Health during the COVID‐19 Pandemic*
Authors: Swaziek Zachary , Wozniak Abigail 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has reduced well‐being and economic security on a number of dimensions, likely worsening mental health. In this paper, we assess how mental health in the US population has changed during the pandemic. We use three large, nationally representative survey sources to provide a picture of mental health prior to and during the pandemic. We find dramatic but broad‐based declines in the level of mental health from pre‐pandemic baseline measures across both people and places. Rates of poor mental health have jumped roughly 25 percentage points, from a base of roughly one‐third. We document substantial disparities in mental health but show that the pandemic has generally preserved, rather than widened, these. Significant worsening in relative mental health among Hispanics and respondents aged 30 and older are exceptions. Consistent with an important role for pandemic‐specific shocks, We find that income loss, food insecurity, COVID‐19 infection or death in one's close circle, and personal health symptoms are all associated with substantially worse mental health. If anything, the decline in mental health is worsening as the pandemic wears on and is becoming less related to local COVID‐19 case rates.
Violent behavior by involuntarily committed female offenders with mental disorders: A population‐based case series
Authors: Valença Alexandre M. , de Moraes Talvane M. , Meyer Leonardo F. , Petribú Kátia Cristina Lima de , Nardi Antonio E. , Mendlowicz Mauro V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe goal of the current study was to investigate the socio‐demographic, psychiatric, and criminological characteristics of female violent offenders with mental disorders involuntarily committed to a forensic psychiatric hospital. The present study was a population‐based retrospective case series including all female offenders with mental disorders found not guilty by reason of insanity by the criminal courts in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and involuntarily committed to a forensic psychiatric facility (n = 27). Patients were assessed with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis I Disorders and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. We found that most offenders were Afro‐Brazilian, uneducated unmarried women. Schizophrenia with active psychotic symptoms was the most common clinical condition. Relatives were the frequent victims of aggressive behavior. Most patients had already been diagnosed with a mental disorder and placed under psychiatric treatment, but poor adherence and treatment dropout were common. Violent behavior in psychiatrically ill female patients is associated with a specific socio‐demographic and clinical profile and is thus potentially amenable to prevention particularly if the mental health and social services are to provide the much‐needed support for economically, socially, and psychologically vulnerable women.
Association of serum CXCL12 levels with arthropathy in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Ikawa Tetsuya , Miyagawa Takuya , Fukui Yuki , Toyama Satoshi , Omatsu Jun , Awaji Kentaro , Norimatsu Yuta , Watanabe Yusuke , Yoshizaki Ayumi , Sato Shinichi , Asano Yoshihide 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease, in which extensive fibrotic change and vasculopathy affect the skin and various internal organs. It also involves the joints, causing stiffness, arthralgia, and arthritis. Although arthropathy is commonly observed in SSc, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. CXCL12, also known as stromal cell derived factor 1, is associated with inflammation, mesenchymal cell recruitment, angiogenesis, and collagen production, and is implicated in the development of various joint diseases. To assess the potential contribution of CXCL12 to SSc development, we investigated the clinical association of serum CXCL12 levels in patients with SSc.MethodWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of 68 patients with SSc and 20 healthy controls recruited in a single center over 9 years. Serum CXCL12 levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsSerum CXCL12 levels were significantly higher in patients with SSc than in healthy controls (median 1554.0 pg/mL, 25th‐75th centiles 1313.0‐1914.0 pg/mL vs 967.4 pg/mL, 608.8‐1271.0 pg/mL, P < 0.001). Patients with SSc with elevated CXCL12 levels had significantly more cases of arthropathy than those with normal CXCL12 levels (85.7% vs 25.0%, P = 0.01). Furthermore, patients with SSc with elevated CXCL12 levels showed an increased trend in the prevalence of limited range of motion of the finger joints compared with those with normal CXCL12 levels (60.0% vs 18.6%, P =0 .07). Moreover, serum CXCL12 levels were significantly correlated with the titers of rheumatoid factor in patients with SSc (r = .41, P = 0.001).ConclusionElevated serum CXCL12 levels may be related to the development of SSc arthropathy.
Iron deficiency in colorectal cancer patients: a cohort study on prevalence and associations
Authors: Ploug Magnus , Kroijer Rasmus , Qvist Niels , Lindahl Charlotte Hass , Knudsen Torben 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) and to clarify its association with patient‐ and tumour‐related characteristics.MethodThis was a single‐centre registry‐based cohort study. Iron status was routinely evaluated upon diagnosis of CRC, and these data were coupled with patient‐ and tumour‐specific data from the Danish CRC Group Registry (2013–2018). Data were analysed using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsOut of 846 patients, 543 (64%) were iron deficient. There was an association between increasing depth of invasion and iron deficiency, with odds ratios (ORs) of iron deficiency being 2.8 (p = 0.001, CI 1.5–5.1), 4.22 (p < 0.001, CI 2.48–7.18) and 4.63 (p < 0.001, CI 2.30–9.34) for T‐stages 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Right‐sided tumours had an OR of 3.54 (p < 0.001, CI 2.22–5.67) of iron deficiency compared with left‐sided tumours. Tumours diagnosed through the national CRC screening programme were less likely to be associated with iron deficiency (OR 0.34, CI 0.22–0.52), while female gender was associated with an increase in the odds for iron deficiency (OR 1.91, CI 1.33–2.76). Iron deficiency was prevalent in 88% of anaemic patients and 43% of nonanaemic patients.ConclusionIron deficiency was highly prevalent in patients diagnosed with CRC. Increased depth of tumour invasion, right‐sided location and female gender were all associated with higher odds for iron deficiency, while patients diagnosed through the national screening programme were associated with lower odds for iron deficiency. A large proportion of patients with a normal haemoglobin were also iron deficient.
Echocardiography 2020: Toward deciphering the “Rosetta stone” of left ventricular diastolic function
Authors: Saha Samir K. , Kiotsekoglou Anatoli , Nanda Navin C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the year 1997, nearly a quarter‐century ago, Nishimura and Tajik (J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:8) suggested that Doppler echocardiography was the “Rosetta stone” (a metaphor for decrypting secrets of diastole) of left ventricular diastole, based solely on transmitral E/A ratio and its progression from grade I through IV, supported by cardiac catheterization, as the filling pressure started to increase to over 15 mm Hg. Ten years later, in 2007, the same Mayo group (Nagueh et al, J Am Coll Cardiology. 2008;51:679) was searching to decipher the secrets of diastole using multiple measures such as left atrial (LA) volume, E/Eʹ ratio, pulmonary venous flow, and mitral inflow propagation velocity. This substantial leap from E/A ratio led to the more formal recommendation proposed by the American Society of Echocardiography in 2009 (Nagueh et al, J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009;22:107) and, as an update, in the year 2016 (Nagueh et al, J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016;29:277): the later version gained popularity for the simplified approach to identify diastolic dysfunction in healthy subjects as well as in those with poorly contracting left ventricle. Despite 30 years of continuous search, we are not sure if we have been able to decipher the hidden secrets of diastolic function. With this background, the Echocardiography Journal under the leadership of Dr Navin Nanda as the Editor‐in‐Chief has taken this initiative to publish a theme issue on left ventricular diastolic function and when this becomes dysfunctional to diminish life.
Treatment‐responsive primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia in a patient with IgG and IgM anticerebellar antibodies
Authors: Jaffe Stephen L. , Carlson Noel G. , Peterson Lisa K. , Greenlee John E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purposePrimary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (PACA) in the absence of another triggering disease represents an emerging category of neurological illness. We report such a case whose ataxia was markedly responsive to plasma exchange. We analyzed patient serum for the presence of IgM or IgG anticerebellar neuronal antibodies.MethodsCase presentation: rat cerebellar slice cultures incubated with patient sera were studied for IgG and IgM antibody uptake, intracellular binding, and neuronal death. Patient serum was evaluated for anti‐myelin associated glycoprotein (anti‐MAG) and associated anti‐glycolipid antibodies.ResultsAntibodies were taken up by viable cerebellar neurons and bound to intracellular antigens. Uptake and predominantly nuclear binding of IgG were seen in granule cells whereas cytoplasmic binding of IgM was observed predominantly in Purkinje cells. Intracellular antibody accumulation was not accompanied by neuronal death, consistent with the patient’s excellent clinical response to plasma exchange. Anti‐MAG or other associated anti‐glycolipid antibodies were not detected.ConclusionsPACA may be associated with both IgG and IgM antibodies reactive with cerebellar neuronal antigens. Our patient’s response to plasma exchange supports a role for antineuronal antibodies in disease pathogenesis and emphasizes the need for rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Exploring a novel substrate‐borne vibratory signal in the wolf spider Schizocosa floridana
Authors: Rosenthal Malcolm F. , Hebets Eileen A. , McGinley Rowan , Raiza Cody , Starrett James , Yan Lin , Elias Damian O. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnimals communicate using a diversity of signals produced by a wide array of physical structures. Determining how a signal is produced provides key insights into signal evolution. Here, we examine a complex vibratory mating display produced by male Schizocosa floridana wolf spiders. This display contains three discrete substrate‐borne acoustic components (known as “thumps”, “taps”, and “chirps”), each of which is anecdotally associated with the movement of a different body part (the pedipalps, legs, and abdomen respectively). In order to determine the method of production, we employ a combination of high‐speed video/audio recordings and SEM imaging of possible sound‐producing structures. Previous work has suggested that the “chirp” component is tonal, a signal trait that would be potentially unique in the genus. We measured signal tonality for all courtship components, as well as for courtship components from sixteen other Schizocosa wolf spiders. Our results suggest that S. floridana produces courtship song using a combination of shared (palpal stridulation and foreleg percussion) and novel (abdominal movement) sound production mechanisms. Of particular interest, the “chirp”, which is produced using a novel abdominal production mechanism, is the only known tonal signal with acoustic properties that are unique within the genus. We argue that the potential evolution of a novel sound production mechanism has opened up a new axis of signaling trait space in this species, with important implications for how this signal is likely to function and evolve.
Diverse cellular players orchestrate regeneration after wounding
Authors: Williams Kaitlin L. , Garza Luis A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFibrosis is one of the largest sources of human morbidity. The skin is a complex organ where interplay between diverse cell types and signalling pathways is essential both in homeostasis and wound repair, which can result in fibrosis or regeneration. This makes skin a useful model to study fibrosis and regeneration. While fibrosis often occurs postinjury, both clinical and laboratory observations suggest skin regeneration, complete with reconstituted cell diversity and de novo hair follicles, is possible. Extensive research performed in pursuit of skin regeneration has elucidated the key players, both cellular and molecular. Interestingly, some cells known for their homeostatic function are not implicated in regeneration or wound‐induced hair neogenesis (WIHN), suggesting regeneration harnesses separate functional pathways from embryogenesis or other non‐homeostatic mechanisms. For example, classic bulge cells, noted for their role in normally cycling hair follicles, do not finally contribute to long‐lived cells in the regenerated tissue. During healing, multiple populations of cells, among them specific epithelial lineages, mesenchymal cells, and immune cells promote regenerative outcomes in the wounded skin. Ultimately, targeting specific populations of cells will be essential in manipulating a postwound environment to favour regeneration in lieu of fibrosis.
Functionally expressed bitter taste receptor TAS2R14 in human epidermal keratinocytes serves as a chemosensory receptor
Authors: Ho Hilary Kung‐Yu , Bigliardi Paul Lorenz , Stelmashenko Olga , Ramasamy Srinivas , Postlethwaite Michael , Bigliardi‐Qi Mei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTraditionally, it is theorized that skin sensation is initiated when cutaneous sensory afferents and Merkel cells receive sensory stimuli, while epidermal keratinocytes were deemed to have no role. However, mounting evidence has shown that keratinocytes can initiate skin sensation by receiving sensory stimuli and transmitting sensory information to sensory afferents. Knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which keratinocytes receive exogenous stimuli is limited, with TRP channels and olfactory receptors having been proposed to serve as receptors for exogenous stimuli in keratinocytes. Recently, expression analyses have demonstrated the expression of multiple TAS2R genes in human skin. TAS2Rs are chemosensory GPCRs employed by taste cells to detect bitter‐tasting substances. However, only subtypes TAS2R1 and TAS2R38 have been characterized in epidermal keratinocytes. We present evidence suggesting that subtype TAS2R14 is functionally expressed in epidermal keratinocytes. TAS2R14 transcripts and protein were detected in primary and N/TERT‐1 keratinocytes. Additionally, keratinocytes responded to α‐thujone, a TAS2R14 ligand, with an increase in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. The tastant‐evoked Ca2+ signals were found to be mediated by wild‐type TAS2R14 and heterotrimeric G proteins. We conclude that TAS2R14 serves as a chemosensory receptor in epidermal keratinocytes and hypothesize that it enables the cells to recognize potentially harmful chemical substances.
Inversion, chemical complexity, and interstitial transport in spinels
Authors: Uberuaga Blas P. , Pilania Ghanshyam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpinels with the generic chemical formula AB2O4 have potential applications in nuclear energy and batteries. In both cases, their functionality is related to mass transport through the crystal. Here, using long‐time atomistic simulations, we examine the impact of the cation structure on interstitial transport in two spinel chemistries, inverse MgGa2O4 and double MgAlGaO4. We emphasize two aspects of the transport properties: the unit mechanisms that are described by individual barriers, for which we introduce pole‐figure‐like plots, and the aggregate behavior of those unit mechanisms. Compared to previous work on normal spinels, we find that inversion significantly reduces the rate of interstitial transport in these structures and has an impact on the stability of defects as they move through the lattice. In particular, B cation interstitials are found to be kinetically stable only in the inverse MgGa2O4. These results provide new insight into relationship between structure, chemistry, and transport in spinels.
Pre‐introduction introgression contributes to parallel differentiation and contrasting hybridization outcomes between invasive and native marine mussels
Authors: Popovic Iva , Bierne Nicolas , Gaiti Federico , Tanurdžić Miloš , Riginos Cynthia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNon‐native species experience novel selection pressures in introduced environments and may interbreed with native lineages. Species introductions therefore provide opportunities to investigate repeated patterns of adaptation and introgression across replicated contact zones. Here, we investigate genetic parallelism between multiple introduced populations of the invasive marine mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, in the absence (South Africa and California) and presence of hybridization with a native congener (Mytilus planulatus in Batemans Bay and Sydney Harbour, Australia). Repeatability in post‐introduction differentiation from native‐range populations varied between genetically distinct Atlantic and Mediterranean lineages, with Atlantic‐derived introductions displaying high differentiation (maxFST > 0.4) and parallelism at outlier loci. Identification of long noncoding RNA transcripts (lncRNA) additionally allowed us to clarify that parallel responses are largely limited to protein‐coding loci, with lncRNAs likely evolving under evolutionary constraints. Comparisons of independent hybrid zones revealed differential introgression most strongly in Batemans Bay, with an excess of M. galloprovincialis ancestry and resistance to introgression at loci differentiating parental lineages (M. planulatus and Atlantic M. galloprovincialis). Additionally, contigs putatively introgressed with divergent alleles from a closely related species, Mytilus edulis, showed stronger introgression asymmetries compared with genome‐wide trends and also diverged in parallel in both Atlantic‐derived introductions. These results suggest that divergent demographic histories experienced by introduced lineages, including pre‐introduction introgression, influence contemporary admixture dynamics. Our findings build on previous investigations reporting contributions of historical introgression to intrinsic reproductive architectures shared between marine lineages and illustrate that interspecific introgression history can shape differentiation between colonizing populations and their hybridization with native congeners.
The priest and the state: Clerical fascism in Slovakia and theory
Authors: Kubátová Hana , Kubát Michal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe introduce a novel definition of “clerical fascism.” Building on Griffin's only available conceptualization, we define “clerical fascism,” in its ideal type, as a political regime put forward or significantly shaped by a movement or factions within a movement dominated by clerics and theologians who advocate a symbiosis of Christian and fascist principles. Our definition of “clerical fascism” is derived from case‐based research into interwar and wartime Slovakia. We begin by following the etymological trail of the concept and its historical context. We then expand on Griffin's understanding of the term. Our definition of “clerical fascism” rests on the three aspects of the political—policy, politics and polity. We show the analytical potential of our model by applying it to the political praxis of 1939–45 Slovakia. Our essay concludes by extending on the larger implications of this model for the study of religion and political radicalism in the past and present.
National indeterminacies at the periphery of the Habsburg Monarchy: Nationalisms versus multi‐ethnic identities in Fiume/Rijeka and Trieste, 1848–1867
Authors: Maritan Mario 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the 1848–1867 period, the Habsburg Monarchy was shaken by the first waves of nationalism. Yet in the case of the Habsburg port cities of Fiume/Rijeka and Trieste, contended by several different opponents, Italian and Croatian nationalisms had to face centuries‐long traditions of municipal autonomy. In both cities, municipalism and attachment to the House of Habsburg were particularly strong and were coupled with local urban identities that defied national forms of identifications, insofar as they were ethnically and linguistically hybrid. Nationalist activists sought to exploit ethnic and linguistic elements as markers of defined national identities, yet without widespread success. The final demise of the Habsburg Monarchy in 1918 has been generally taken as proof of the cogency of nationalist discourse, especially the Italian, in the region. However, the northern Adriatic rim points to the forcefulness of Habsburg multinationalism and the existence of ethnic hybridity, which provided effective bulwarks against nationalisms for decades.
Transmission of low-energy scalar waves through a traversable wormhole
Authors: Azad Bahareh , Loran Farhang , Mostafazadeh Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study the scattering of low-energy massless and massive minimally coupled scalar fields by an asymptotically flat traversable wormhole. We provide a comprehensive treatment of this problem offering analytic expressions for the transmission and reflection amplitudes of the corresponding effective potential and the absorption cross section of the wormhole. Our results, which are based on a recently developed dynamical formulation of time-independent scattering theory, apply to a large class of wormhole spacetimes including a wormhole with a sharp transition, the Ellis wormhole, and a family of its generalizations.
Linear and Nonlinear Mendelian Randomization Analyses of the Association Between Diastolic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Arvanitis Marios , Qi Guanghao , Bhatt Deepak L. , Post Wendy S. , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Battle Alexis , McEvoy John W. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Recent clinical guidelines support intensive blood pressure treatment targets. However, observational data suggest that excessive diastolic blood pressure (DBP) lowering might increase the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), reflecting a J- or U-shaped relationship.

Methods:
We analyzed 47 407 participants from 5 cohorts (median age, 60 years). First, to corroborate previous observational analyses, we used traditional statistical methods to test the shape of association between DBP and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Second, we created polygenic risk scores of DBP and systolic blood pressure and generated linear Mendelian randomization (MR) estimates for the effect of DBP on CVD. Third, using novel nonlinear MR approaches, we evaluated for nonlinearity in the genetic relationship between DBP and CVD events. Comprehensive MR interrogation of DBP required us to also model systolic blood pressure, given that the 2 are strongly correlated.

Results:

Traditional observational analysis of our cohorts suggested a J-shaped association between DBP and MI. By contrast, linear MR analyses demonstrated an adverse effect of increasing DBP increments on CVD outcomes, including MI (MI hazard ratio, 1.07 per unit mm Hg increase in DBP;
P
<0.001). Furthermore, nonlinear MR analyses found no evidence for a J-shaped relationship; instead confirming that MI risk decreases consistently per unit decrease in DBP, even among individuals with low values of baseline DBP.

Conclusions:
In this analysis of the genetic effect of DBP, we found no evidence for a nonlinear J- or U-shaped relationship between DBP and adverse CVD outcomes; including MI.