bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small Current but Highly Productive Synthesis of 1,3‐Propanediol from Glycerol by an Electrode‐Driven Metabolic Shift in Klebsiella pneumoniae L17
Authors: Kim Changman , Lee Jae Hyeon , Baek Jiyun , Kong Da Seul , Na Jeong‐Geol , Lee Jinwon , Sundstrom Eric , Park Sunghoon , Kim Jung Rae 
Published: December 2019

AbstractElectrofermentation actively regulates the bacterial redox state, which is essential for bioconversion and has been highlighted as an effective method for further improvements of the productivity of either reduced or oxidized platform chemicals. 1,3‐Propanediol (1,3‐PDO) is an industrial value‐added chemical that can be produced from glycerol fermentation. The bioconversion of 1,3‐PDO from glycerol requires additional reducing energy under anoxic conditions. The cathode‐based conversion of glycerol to 1,3‐PDO with various electron shuttles (2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone, neutral red, and hydroquinone) using Klebsiella pneumoniae L17 was investigated. The externally poised potential of −0.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl to the cathode increased 1,3‐PDO (35.5±3.1 mm) production if 100 μm neutral red was used compared with non‐bioelectrochemical system fermentation (23.7±2.4 mm). Stoichiometric metabolic flux and transcriptional analysis indicated a shift in the carbon flux toward the glycerol reductive pathway. The homologous overexpression of glycerol dehydratase (DhaB) and 1,3‐PDO oxidoreductase (DhaT) enzymes synergistically enhanced 1,3‐PDO conversion (39.3±0.8 mm) under cathode‐driven fermentation. Interestingly, a small current uptake (0.23 mmol of electrons) caused significant metabolic flux changes with a concomitant increase in 1,3‐PDO production. This suggests that both an increase in 1,3‐PDO production and regulation of the cellular metabolic pathway are feasible by electrode‐driven control in cathodic electrofermentation.
In Operando Calorimetric Measurements for Activated Carbon Electrodes in Ionic Liquid Electrolytes under Large Potential Windows
Authors: Munteshari Obaidallah , Borenstein Arie , DeBlock Ryan H. , Lau Jonathan , Whang Grace , Zhou Yucheng , Likitchatchawankun Ampol , Kaner Richard B. , Dunn Bruce , Pilon Laurent 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effect of the potential window on heat generation in carbon‐based electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) with ionic‐liquid (IL)‐based electrolytes using in operando calorimetry. The EDLCs consisted of two identical activated‐carbon electrodes with either neat 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane‐sulfonyl)imide ([Pyr14][TFSI]) electrolyte or 1.0 m [Pyr14][TFSI] in propylene carbonate (PC) as electrolyte. The instantaneous heat generation rate at each electrode was measured under galvanostatic cycling for different potential windows ranging from 1 to 4 V. First, the heat generation rates at the positive and negative electrodes differed significantly in neat IL owing to the differences in the ion sizes and diffusion coefficients. However, these differences were minimized when the IL was diluted in PC. Second, for EDLC in neat [Pyr14][TFSI] at high potential window (4 V), a pronounced endothermic peak was observed at the beginning of the charging step at the positive electrode owing to TFSI− intercalation in the activated carbon. On the other hand, for EDLC in 1.0 m [Pyr14][TFSI] in PC at potential window above 3 V, an endothermic peak was observed only at the negative electrode owing to the decomposition of PC. Third, for both neat and diluted [Pyr14][TFSI] electrolytes, the irreversible heat generation rate increased with increasing potential window and exceeded Joule heating. This was attributed to the effect of potential‐dependent charge redistribution resistance. A further increase in the irreversible heat generation rate was observed for the largest potential windows owing to the degradation of the PC solvent. Finally, for both types of electrolyte, the reversible heat generation rate increased with increasing potential window because of the increase in the amount of ion adsorbed/desorbed at the electrode/electrolyte interface.
A Facile Preparation of Super Long‐Term Stable Lignin Nanoparticles from Black Liquor
Authors: Ma Mingshuai , Dai Lin , Si Chuanling , Hui Lanfeng , Liu Zhong , Ni Yonghao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Lin Dai and Zhong Liu at TUST and Yonghao Ni at UNB. The image shows how the hemicellulose can play a role in prolonging the stability of lignin nanoparticles The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201902287.
QoS‐aware broadcasting in VANETs based on fuzzy logic and enhanced kinetic multipoint relay
Authors: Mchergui Abir , Moulahi Tarek , Ben Othman Mohamed Tahar , Nasri Salem 
Published: December 2019

SummaryVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are emergent concepts in terms of infrastructure‐less communication. The data dissemination is usually done using broadcast schemes. Data broadcast in VANETs is a challenging issue due to the high mobility vehicles and the varying density. On one hand, these vehicles have to share and disseminate the safety‐critical information, in real time, to other intended vehicles. On the other hand, the existing broadcast solutions do not succeed, till now, to fulfill VANETs requirements especially in terms of performance and QoS. In this paper, we propose a new QoS‐aware broadcast method in order to face VANETs communications challenges. We choose to adapt a concept originally devoted to mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and join it to other specific VANET techniques to introduce a new broadcasting protocol in the aim of optimizing QoS fulfilment. The proposed solution is fundamentally based on enhanced kinetic strategy assisted with fuzzy logic for QoS‐aware multipoint relay (MPR). The protocol efficiency is eventually tested through an experimental study and compared with existing methods. The results prove the over‐performance of the proposed solution.
Decadal heat and drought drive body size of North American bison (Bison bison) along the Great Plains
Authors: Martin Jeff M. , Barboza Perry S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLarge grazers are visible and valuable indicators of the effects of projected changes in temperature and drought on grasslands. The grasslands of the Great Plains have supported the greatest number of bison (Bison bison; Linnaeus, 1758) since prehistoric times. We tested the hypothesis that body mass (BM, kg) and asymptotic body mass (ABM, kg) of Bison decline with rising temperature and increasing drought over both temporal and spatial scales along the Great Plains. Temporally, we modeled the relationship of annual measures of BM and height (H, m) of 5,781 Bison at Wind Cave National Park (WICA) from 1966 to 2015. We used Gompertz equations of BM against age to estimate ABM in decadal cohorts; both females and males decreased from the 1960s to the 2010s. Male ABM was variable but consistently larger (699 vs. 441 kg) than female ABM. We used local mean decadal temperature (MDT) and local mean decadal Palmer Drought Severity Index (dPDSI) to model the effects of climate on ABM. Drought decreased ABM temporally (−16 kg/local dPDSI) at WICA. Spatially, we used photogrammetry to measure body height (HE) of 773 Bison to estimate BME in 19 herds from Saskatchewan to Texas, including WICA. Drought also decreased ABM spatially (−16 kg/local dPDSI) along the Great Plains. Temperature decreased ABM both temporally at WICA (−115 kg/°C local MDT) and spatially (−1 kg/°C local MDT) along the Great Plains. Our data indicate that temperature and drought drive Bison ABM presumably by affecting seasonal mass gain. Bison body size is likely to decline over the next five decades throughout the Great Plains due to projected increases in temperatures and both the frequency and intensity of drought.
Agriculture influences ammonium and soluble reactive phosphorus retention in South American headwater streams
Authors: Cunha Davi Gasparini Fernandes , Finkler Nícolas Reinaldo , Gómez Nora , Cochero Joaquín , Donadelli Jorge Luis , Saltarelli Wesley Aparecido , Calijuri Maria do Carmo , Miwa Adriana Cristina Poli , Tromboni Flavia , Dodds Walter K. , Boëchat Iola Gonçalves , Gücker Björn , Thomas Steven A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAgricultural activities can affect the delivery of nutrients to streams, riparian canopy cover, and the capacity of aquatic systems to process nutrients and sediments. There are few measures of nutrient uptake and metabolism from tropical or subtropical streams in general, and even fewer from tropical regions of South America. We examined ammonium (NH4+) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) retention in streams in Brazil and Argentina. We selected 12 streams with relatively little or extensive agricultural activity and conducted whole‐stream nutrient additions and measurements of gross primary production and ecosystem respiration. We used multiple linear regression to determine potential drivers of nutrient uptake metrics across the streams. Nutrient concentrations and retention differed significantly between land use categories. Both NH4+ and SRP concentrations were higher in the agricultural sites (means of 161 and 495 μg l–1, respectively), whereas metabolic rates were slower and transient storage was smaller. Our analysis indicated that agriculture increased ambient uptake lengths and decreased uptake velocities. The regression models revealed that ambient SRP had a positive effect on NH4+ uptake and vice versa, suggesting strong stoichiometric controls. Drivers for nutrient uptake in streams with low‐intensity agriculture also included canopy cover, temperature, and ecosystem respiration rates. Nutrient assimilation in agricultural sites was influenced by a higher number of variables (gross primary production for SRP, discharge, and transient storage for both nutrients). Our results indicate agricultural activity changes both the magnitude of in‐stream nutrient uptake and the mechanisms that control its variation, with important implications for South American streams under agricultural intensification.
Recent advances in dielectrophoresis‐based cell viability assessment
Authors: Zhang Junyan , Song Zhenyu , Liu Qinxin , Song Yongxin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDielectrophoresis (DEP) is a non‐destructive, accurate, and label‐free cell manipulating technique and DEP applications have been found in various fields. Assessment of cell viability is one of the important applications and many investigations have been reported. In this paper, cell polarization and its modeling, some key parameters employed for living/dead cell separation, as well as electrode configurations are reviewed. Focus is given to the latest development of DEP devices employed for the assessment of cell viability. Experimentally determined factors for separating living/dead cells, such as the conductivity of suspending medium and the frequency of applied electric field, are summarized. The future directions and potential challenges in this field are also outlined.
Improving clean energy greenhouse heating with solar thermal energy storage and phase change materials
Authors: Naghibi Zahra , Carriveau Rupp , Ting David S.‐K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGreenhouses consume a great deal of energy to heat their building envelopes. The strategic integration of solar energy and thermal energy storage (TES) can help to boost energy performance and reduce the carbon emission in the sector. In this paper, the benefits of adding phase change materials (PCM) to the water tank of a solar heating system have been evaluated using the Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS) program. Initially, the hourly heating load of a reference greenhouse was evaluated using TRNSYS software. The results were validated with natural gas consumption data. The validated simulation was then used to investigate the impact of PCM on the performance of a large‐scale solar energy system. Four system configurations were evaluated; no PCM materials in the tank, then 20%, 40%, and 60% of the water tank volume occupied by PCM. Energy performance improvements of 10% to 14% were observed by increasing the proportion of PCM amounts over the baseline conventional system. Finally, an economic study was conducted to investigate the cost feasibility of different PCM concentrations. It was shown that PCM price, cost of natural gas, and carbon tax are the principal influence factors on the payback period.
Analysis of battery‐EV state of charge for a dynamic wireless charging system
Authors: Mohamed Naoui , Aymen Flah , Ben Hamed Mouna , Lassaad Sbita 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWireless power transfer provides a new technology to charge electric vehicles (EVs) without physical contact. This system has to partially resolve the autonomy problem for EVs and buses. The majority of researchers were exposed to two categories of this technique: stationary wireless charging (SWC) and dynamic wireless charging (DWC) systems. Actually, the wireless recharge method is a recent solution that eliminates the problem of waiting time in recharge stations. However, the problem is always related to the vehicle status: if it is in motion and if it is in high‐speed running mode. In this context, this paper defines and examines the mathematical model of the DWC system and explains its function in relation to several parameters related to the vehicle situation. This study explores the mathematical model and identifies the best conditions for using the recharge method when the vehicle is in motion. The analysis study was elaborated using MATLAB/Simulink software, and the obtained results showed the variation of the state of charge, depending on the vehicle speed.
Deproteinization of four macroporous resins for rapeseed meal polysaccharides
Authors: Duan Shengzhou , Huang Qian , Shen Xiaoqian , Hu Jie , Yi Xiangzhou , Li Zhenshun , Ding Baomiao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, the adsorption/desorption characteristics of rapeseed meal polysaccharides extract on four resins (HP‐20, D3520, XAD‐16, and AB‐8) were evaluated. The results indicated that HP‐20 resin had the best purification effect. Based on static adsorption test, the kinetics and isotherms of the four resins for protein and polysaccharide were investigated. The adsorption test showed that the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model and the Freundlich isotherm model were more suitable for explanation of the adsorption process for protein and polysaccharide. Static desorption test showed that the highest protein desorption ratios of HP‐20, D3520, and AB‐8 resins could be obtained with 60% ethanol solution as eluate, and the highest protein desorption ratios of XAD‐16 resin could be obtained with 40% ethanol solution as eluate. Dynamic adsorption/desorption tests of HP‐20 resin showed that the deproteinization ratio was 91% and the polysaccharide recovery ratio was 62% when the treatment amount was 1.5 BV. Compared with three traditional methods, HP‐20 resin adsorption method that the deproteinization ratio was 82% was more potent than the three traditional methods for purifying polysaccharides from rapeseed meal. In addition, UV/vis spectroscopy showed that most of the protein was absorbed by resins, and FT‐IR spectroscopy indicated that the purity of the polysaccharide after purification was improved. Rapeseed meal polysaccharides could be effectively deproteinized using HP‐20 resin, and it was suitable for purifying polysaccharides from rapeseed meal.
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography Severity Predicts Disease Outcomes in Pediatric Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Reliability and Validity Study
Authors: Patil Kedar , Ricciuto Amanda , Alsharief Alaa , Al‐Rayahi Jehan , Amirabadi Afsaneh , Church Peter C. , Kamath Binita M. , Greer Mary‐Louise C. 
Published: December 2019

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has not been assessed as a surrogate biomarker in pediatrics. We aimed to determine the inter‐rater reliability, prognostic utility, and construct validity of the modified Majoie endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography classification applied to MRCP in a pediatric primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) cohort. This single‐center, retrospective, cohort study included children with PSC undergoing diagnostic MRCP between 2008 and 2016. Six variations of the Majoie classification were examined: 1) intrahepatic duct (IHD) score, 2) extrahepatic duct (EHD) score (representing the worst intrahepatic and extrahepatic regions, respectively), 3) sum IHD‐EHD score, 4) average IHD score, 5) average EHD score, and 6) sum average IHD‐EHD score. Inter‐rater reliability was assessed using weighted kappas and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Ability to predict time to PSC‐related complications (ascites, esophageal varices, variceal bleed, liver transplant [LT], or cholangiocarcinoma) (primary outcome) and LT (secondary outcome) was assessed with Harrell’s concordance statistic (c‐statistic) and univariate/multivariable survival analysis. Construct validity was further assessed with Spearman correlations. Forty‐five children were included (67% boys; median, 13.6 years). The inter‐rater reliability of MRCP scores was substantial to excellent (kappas/ICCs, 0.78‐0.82). The sum IHD‐EHD score had the best predictive ability for time to PSC complication and LT (c‐statistic, 0.80 and SE, 0.06; and c‐statistic, 0.97 and SE, 0.01, respectively). Higher MRCP scores were independently associated with a higher rate of PSC‐related complications, even after adjusting for the PSC Mayo risk score (hazard ratio, 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.14‐2.). MRCP sum scores correlated significantly with METAVIR fibrosis stage, total bilirubin, and platelets (r = 0.42, r = 0.33, r = −0.31, respectively; P < 0.05). Conclusion: An MRCP score incorporating the worst affected intrahepatic and extrahepatic regions is reliable and predicts meaningful outcomes in pediatric PSC. Next steps include prospective validation and responsiveness assessment.
3D electronic and photonic structures as active biological interfaces
Authors: Wang Huachun , Sun Pengcheng , Yin Lan , Sheng Xing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBiocompatible materials and structures with three‐dimensional (3D) architectures establish an ideal platform for the integration of living cells and tissues, serving as desirable interfaces between biotic and abiotic systems. While conventional 3D bioscaffolds provide a mechanical support for biomatters, emerging developments of micro‐, nano‐, and mesoscale electronic and photonic devices offer new paradigms in analyzing and interrogating biosystems. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the development of 3D functional biointerfaces, with a particular focus on electrically and optically active materials, devices, and structures. We first give an overview of representative methods for manufacturing 3D biointegrated structures, such as chemical synthesis, microfabrication, mechanical assembly, and 3D printing. Subsequently, exemplary 3D nano‐, micro‐, and mesostructures based on various materials, including semiconductors, metals, and polymers are presented. Finally, we highlight the latest progress on versatile applications of such active 3D structures in the biomedical field, like cell culturing, biosignal sensing/modulation, and tissue regeneration. We believe future 3D micro‐, nano‐, and mesostructures that incorporate electrical and/or optical functionalities will not only profoundly advance the fundamental studies in biological sciences, but also create enormous opportunities for medical diagnostics and therapies.image
Electrical and spin switches in single‐molecule junctions
Authors: Ke Guojun , Duan Chunhui , Huang Fei , Guo Xuefeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSingle‐molecule electrical and spin switches have been one of the main research focuses in molecular electronics and spintronics because they may form the most important elements for the future information technology, thus attracting great attention in the scientific community and witnessing significant progresses benefiting from the combination of physics, chemistry, materials, and engineering. The key issue of constructing single‐molecule switches is the development of stimulus‐responsive systems that provide bistable or multiple states. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of this field in terms of the external stimulus that induces the switching. A variety of external stimuli, such as light, electric field, magnetic field, mechanical force, and chemical stimulus, have been successfully employed to activate the reversible switching in single‐molecule junctions by manipulating molecular structures, conformations, electronic states, and spin states. As a burgeoning field, we finally put forward the challenges in molecular electronics and spintronics that need to be solved, which will initiate intense research.
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The mechanism of PDA/PEI/5‐Fu coated esophageal stent material on inhibiting cancer associated pathological cells
Authors: Zhang Kun , Bai Yuxin , Xu Ru , Li Jingan , Guan Fangxia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMetal stent implantation is usually applied to alleviate nonoperative palliative esophageal obstruction for esophageal cancer in the later period. However, in‐stent restenosis after stent implantation limits the esophageal stents' performance due to lack of effective suppression of pathological cells from cancer microenvironment. In previous work, we modified the esophageal stent material 317L stainless steel (317LSS) surface with a poly‐dopamine/poly‐ethylenimine/5‐fluorouracil layer (PDA/PEI/5‐Fu), which had strong anti‐tumor and anti‐restenosis functions. Nevertheless, the mechanism of PDA/PEI/5‐Fu layer against tumor and inflammation remains unclear. In this work, we revealed the mechanism of PDA/PEI/5‐Fu suppressing the esophageal cancer related pathological cells (esophageal tumor cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblast) and inflammatory cells (macrophages) via series of experiments. Our data suggested that the PEI inhibited viability and E‐cadherin expression of the pathological cells, and blocked the NF‐κB signal pathway (reducing levels of p‐NF‐κB proteins). The loaded 5‐Fu inhibited the inflammatory factors (TNF‐α and IL‐1β) release and promoted the anti‐inflammation/anti‐tumor factors (IL‐10 and IL‐4) release from macrophages, and also suppressed pathological cells migration; both the PEI and 5‐Fu contributed to the upregulation of Bax and Caspase‐3 (pro‐tumor‐apoptosis factor), as well as the downregulation of Bcl‐2 (anti‐tumor‐apoptosis factor) in esophageal tumor cells. All the results showed that PDA/PEI/5‐Fu coating had potential multipath anti‐cancer and anti‐inflammatory effects in the surface modification of esophageal stents.
Amido PNP complexes of iridium: Synthesis and catalytic olefin and alkyne hydrogenation
Authors: Huang Mei‐Hui , Zou Xue‐Ru , Liang Lan‐Chang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn situ lithiation of HN(o‐C6H4PPh2)2 (H[1a]) or HN(o‐C6H4PiPr2)2 (H[1b]) with nBuLi in THF at −35°C followed by addition of [Ir(μ‐Cl)(COD)]2 (COD = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) in toluene at −35°C generates 5‐coordinate [1a]Ir(η4‐COD) (2a) or 4‐coordinate [1b]Ir(η2‐COD) (2b), respectively. Oxidative addition of N‐H in H[1b] to [Ir(μ‐Cl)(COD)]2 affords square pyramidal [1b]Ir(H)(Cl) (3b). Metathetical reaction of 3b with LiBHEt3 in the presence of 1 atm of H2 in toluene produces [1b]Ir(H)2 (4b). Both 2a and 4b are active for catalytic hydrogenation of olefins and alkynes under extremely mild conditions.