bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiologische Entwicklung der außerklinischen Beatmung: Eine rasant zunehmende Herausforderung für die ambulante und stationäre Patientenversorgung
Authors: Karagiannidis C. , Strassmann S. , Callegari J. , Kochanek M. , Janssens U. , Windisch W. 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die außerklinische Beatmung erfährt in Deutschland eine rasante Entwicklung. Patienten mit chronischer respiratorischer Insuffizienz werden in deutlich zunehmender Zahl nichtinvasiv oder invasiv in einem häuslichen Setting beatmet. Diese Patienten müssen im Rahmen von Kontrolluntersuchungen oder Akut-Problemen immer wieder stationär behandelt werden. Die für die Steuerung des Gesundheitswesens wichtige Entwicklung der stationären Behandlungsfälle ist bislang ebenso unbekannt wie die Morbidität und Krankenhaussterblichkeit der häuslich beatmeten Patienten.
Methode Von 2006 – 2016 wurden alle stationären Aufnahmen analysiert, bei denen eine Langzeit-Abhängigkeit vom Respirator (mindestens 3 Monate) bestand (Daten des Deutschen Statistischen Bundesamtes).
Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich eine exponentielle Zunahme von stationären Behandlungsfällen, wobei 2006 noch 24 845 Patienten stationär behandelt werden mussten, im Jahr 2016 hingegen 86 117 Patienten. Im gleichen Zeitraum zeigte sich eine Abnahme der Krankenhaussterblichkeit von 13,2 % (2006) auf 5,7 % (2016). Im Jahr 2016 wurden zudem 47 % der Patienten auf einer Intensiv-, Weaning- oder Überwachungsstation behandelt. Es bestand eine Vielzahl von internistischen und neurologischen Komorbiditäten, welche in Verbindung mit der chronischen respiratorischen Insuffizienz die große Patientenkohorte als schwer krankes Patientenkollektiv charakterisierte. Führende Diagnosen waren die COPD mit 58 % und eine Vielzahl kardiologischer Diagnosen. Auffällig viele Patienten (24 %) zeigten eine Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion bis hin zur Dialysepflichtigkeit.
Diskussion Die rasante Zunahme der außerklinischen Beatmung hat wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der Krankenhauslandschaft in Deutschland. Der exponentielle Anstieg der sehr pflegeintensiven Patienten stellt das Gesundheitssystem vor extreme Herausforderungen und erfordert eine gesundheitspolitische Diskussion über die Grenzen des Systems.
Transitioning to whole-body SPECT/CT in prostate cancer staging: a new concept for a better imaging workflow
Authors: Weissinger Matthias , Kupferschläger Jürgen , La Fougère Christian , Dittmann Helmut , Fiz Francesco 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aim Whole-body bone scan (BS) is the clinical standard in detecting bone metastases in prostate cancer patients. Additional SPECT/CT has allowed to significantly increase its diagnostic accuracy. However, performing both planar and additional SPECT/CT prolongs the total examination time and lowers patient throughput. In this study we aim to assess the diagnostic performance of a SPECT/CT-only protocol compared to the traditional procedure that is BS with a facultative SPECT/CT in case of unclear findings.
Methods 50 patients with high-risk prostate cancer and suspected bone metastases were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients received a whole-body Tc-99m-DPD BS followed by a 3 field-of-view (FOV) SPECT/CT (GE Discovery 670 Pro®) covering an area from the vertex to the mid-femur. Metastatic lesions were evaluated visually on BS and SPECT/CT and correlated to PSA-levels.
Results Detection rate was up to 50 % higher in SPECT/CT than in BS (n = 2829 vs. n = 1942; p < 0.001), but 31/1942 (1.5 %) lesions detected on BS were located out of the SPECT/CT field-of-view. In our analysis a PSA-level of > 80 µg/l could be defined as a cut-off-value for metastatic spread beyond mid-thigh, as no patient with PSA< 80 µg/l had localizations outside the SPECT/CT field-of-view (AUCPSA = 0.95, p < 0.001 sensitivity: 100 %, specificity: 77 %, NPV: 100 %, PPV: 67 %). The SPECT/CT-only protocol did not prolong acquisition time significantly as compared to BS.
Conclusions In patients with high-risk prostate cancer presenting with PSA < 80 µg/l and absent clinical symptoms, vertex to mid-thighs 3-FOV-SPECT/CT was representative for the entire skeletal system and was able to detect more lesions than planar acquisition. This procedure did not prolong patient handling time significantly.
Psychiatric Comorbidities in Children with Specific Learning Disorder-Mixed Type: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sahu Anamika , Patil Vaibhav , Sagar Rajesh , Bhargava Rachna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Specific learning disorder (SLD) is a neurodevelopmental condition which frequently exhibits with comorbidities of other disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder, anxiety, and depression. SLD with any comorbidity may affect the expression and severity of the SLD and may make its management difficult. Thus, the present cross-sectional study was planned to examine the psychiatric comorbidities among children with SLD.
Materials and Methods The sample consisted of 41 patients aged between 7 and 12 years with a diagnosis of SLD-mixed type. Clinical and psychological assessment included the following tests for behavioral, anxiety, mood, and interpersonal problems: child behavior checklist, Mini-international Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID), and Conner’s 3 Parent Short form-45.
Results The mean age of the participants was 9.8 years (standard deviation [SD] = 1.5). About 75.6% of participants were male, and their mean years of education was 5 years (SD = 1.5). Twenty-four percent of children had a history of delayed developmental milestones. Among comorbidities of SLD, association with attention deficit disorder (ADD)/ADHD has been found to be significant along with difficulties in executive function, peer relation, and aggression.
Conclusion Children with SLD are likely to exhibit signs of ADHD/ADD and dysfunction in executive function, peer relation, and aggression. The management of comorbid conditions is recommended along with remediation of learning problem to overall educational and behavioral achievements and development of child.
Clinical and Etiological Characteristics of Epilepsy in the Elderly: A Hospital-Based Study from a Tertiary Care Referral Center of Niamey, Niger
Authors: Assadeck Hamid , Toudou-Daouda Moussa , Mamadou Zakaria , Moussa-Konate Mahadi , Hassane-Djibo Fatimata , Douma-Maiga Dijbo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the management of epilepsy in the elderly at a tertiary referral center in Niger to obtain a comprehensive understanding to determine the intrahospital deficiencies to improve and to make recommendations in terms to improve the management of epilepsy in the elderly in Niger.
Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective study at the Neurology Outpatient Clinic of the National Hospital of Niamey (Niger) over a period of 5 years from May 2013 to May 2018, collecting all cases of patients aged 60 years or over diagnosed with epilepsy by neurologists. From the registers of consultation, we collected and analyzed for each patient the demographic, clinical, etiological, and therapeutic data, as well as the outcomes during follow-up visits.
Results Of the 4,576 patients of all ages seen during the period of our study, we included 62 patients aged 60 years or over diagnosed with epilepsy with a hospital frequency of 1.35%. The mean age of patients was 65.82 ± 5.72 years (range: 60 and 83 years) with a predominance of the male sex (sex ratio at 1.6). Patients aged 60 to 64 years were the most represented (43.5%). Generalized tonic–clonic seizures were the most frequent (41.9%), followed by focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (25.8%). All patients underwent electroencephalogram. Only 30 patients (48.4%) underwent brain imaging, and mainly brain computed tomography scan. The etiologies included poststroke epilepsy (25.8%), brain tumors (3.2%), cerebral toxoplasmosis (3.2%), and cerebral meningioma (1.6%). We found 41 cases (66.1%) of epilepsy without definite etiology and with an incomplete workup. Carbamazepine and phenobarbital were the only two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used.
Conclusion The present study shows limited access to newer generation AEDs and diagnostic tests of epilepsy in Niger. Considerable efforts should be made to facilitate for people living with epilepsy the accessibility to diagnostic tests and the newer generation AEDs to improve the quality of epilepsy management in Niger.
Oxidation of methionine residues activates the high-threshold heat-sensitive ion channel TRPV2
Authors: Fricke Tabea C. , Echtermeyer Frank , Zielke Johannes , de la Roche Jeanne , Filipovic Milos R. , Claverol Stéphane , Herzog Christine , Tominaga Makoto , Pumroy Ruth A. , Moiseenkova-Bell Vera Y. , Zygmunt Peter M. , Leffler Andreas , Eberhardt Mirjam J. 
Published: November 2019

SignificanceRedox sensitivity is a common property of temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. Here we show that oxidation sensitizes and activates rodent TRPV2 orthologs known to have a high temperature threshold (>50 °C), but also the heat-insensitive human TRPV2. This oxidation-induced channel gating is intact in cell-free membrane patches, cysteine-independent but reduced upon replacement of the methionine residues M528 and M607. Blocking of TRPV2 and the reducing agent DTT reduce phagocytosis in macrophages which also generate heat-induced membrane currents following oxidation. These data reveal a methionine-dependent redox sensitivity of TRPV2 which may resemble a decisive endogenous mechanism enabling channel activation.
RAMP3 determines rapid recycling of atypical chemokine receptor-3 for guided angiogenesis
Authors: Mackie Duncan I. , Nielsen Natalie R. , Harris Matthew , Singh Smriti , Davis Reema B. , Dy Danica , Ladds Graham , Caron Kathleen M. 
Published: November 2019

Significance
G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) exist within multi-protein complexes on the surface of cells in order to respond to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli such as neurotransmitters, migratory cues, hormones, light, and odors. In this study, we discover and characterize an expanded repertoire of GPCRs that interact with receptor-activity–modifying proteins (RAMPs)—a class of proteins that can modulate the type and consequences of extracellular signals to GPCRs. Specifically, we find that RAMP interaction with chemokine GPCRs is essential for enabling these receptors to bind and degrade extracellular migratory cues and thereby establish gradients for directed cellular migration. In the absence of these critical proteins, the process of blood vessel sprouting within the postnatal retina is dysfunctional.
Superlattice-induced ferroelectricity in charge-ordered La
1/3
Sr
2/3
FeO
3
Authors: Park Se Young , Rabe Karin M. , Neaton Jeffrey B. 
Published: November 2019

Significance
Charge-order–driven ferroelectrics are an emerging class of materials with promise for high-frequency electron-dominated polarization switching, distinct from conventional ferroelectrics. However, only a few systems exhibiting this behavior have been experimentally realized thus far. With continued development of layer-by-layer growth techniques with a high level of composition control, the exploration of charge-ordered ferroelectrics can be extended to artificially structured superlattices. Here, we use density-functional theory to explore an experimentally realized bulk perovskite iron-oxide solid solution with robust charge ordering and find that in superlattices formed by layered cation ordering, bulk charge ordering is maintained and can lead to charge-order–driven ferroelectricity. Our results suggest that other broad classes of mixed valence materials may be promising candidates for discovery of electronic ferroelectrics.
Metamaterials with engineered failure load and stiffness
Authors: Injeti Sai Sharan , Daraio Chiara , Bhattacharya Kaushik 
Published: November 2019

Significance
A structure that fails at large loads is expected to be dense and stiff. This is because in conventional materials failure load depends directly on stiffness and density. This paper shows that the addition of engineered internal stresses in truss-like structures allows decoupling of these properties, increasing the failure load 2-fold while maintaining constant the density and stiffness. A similar approach could also be used to control locations and paths of failure in architected materials.
Hidden resources in the
Escherichia coli
genome restore PLP synthesis and robust growth after deletion of the essential gene
pdxB
Authors: Kim Juhan , Flood Jake J. , Kristofich Michael R. , Gidfar Cyrus , Morgenthaler Andrew B. , Fuhrer Tobias , Sauer Uwe , Snyder Daniel , Cooper Vaughn S. , Ebmeier Christopher C. , Old William M. , Copley Shelley D. 
Published: November 2019

Significance
The evolution of new metabolic pathways has been a driver of diversification from the last universal common ancestor 3.8 billion y ago to the present. Bioinformatic evidence suggests that many pathways were assembled by recruiting promiscuous enzymes to serve new functions. However, the processes by which new pathways have emerged are lost in time. We have little information about the environmental conditions that fostered emergence of new pathways, the genome context in which new pathways emerged, and the types of mutations that elevated flux through inefficient new pathways. Experimental laboratory evolution has allowed us to evolve a new pathway and identify mechanisms by which mutations increase fitness when an inefficient new pathway becomes important for survival.
Second language pragmatic attrition after studying abroad
Authors: Fukazawa Seiji , Kida Shusaku 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This research examined the attrition and/or maintenance of second language pragmatic competence among Japanese
learners of English after returning home from studying in the United Kingdom (U.K.). Participants were university students who had
studied abroad (SA) for four months at two U.K. universities and had lived in a homestay environment. A pragmatic appropriateness
judgment task of request-making sentences was administered at the end of the SA and six months after returning home, in which the
accuracy and speed of appropriateness judgment of these request sentences were compared. The results demonstrated a loss of (a)
judgment accuracy for under-polite inappropriate requests, but not for appropriate requests; and (b) automatic processing of
request-making sentences, evaluated using the coefficient of variation, for both under- and over-polite inappropriate requests.
These results suggest that pragmatic attrition does occur after SA but does not occur at the same time for every aspect of
pragmatic competence examined.
Radio-frequency hands-on for nuclear fusion Master’s students
Authors: Hillairet Julien , Achard J , Ragona R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
High-power continuous-wave radio-frequency (RF) systems in the megawatt range are commonly used in nuclear fusion experiments. Such kinds of RF systems being rather rare, Master’s students do not know how these systems are used in practice – even students engaged in nuclear fusion courses. This is the reason why, as part of the French and European Master’s in fusion physics and technologies, dedicated practical work on topics related to plasma RF heating are proposed to students. Over a few days, these students discover how to perform RF measurements and succeed in characterizing real-scale components used in plasma RF heating experiments. This paper details four hands-on approaches which have been conducted over eight years with several tens of students having no prior knowledge in RF engineering.
Spectral characterization of an industrial EUV light source for nanolithography
Authors: Torretti F , Liu F , Bayraktar M , Scheers J , Bouza Z , Ubachs W , Hoekstra R , Versolato O 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The emission spectra from an industrial, droplet-based, laser-produced plasma, extreme ultraviolet light source for nanolithography are here presented and analyzed. The dependence of spectral features on the CO2-drive-laser intensity is studied by changing the beam spot size at constant pulse energy and duration. We characterize the spectrum by fitting the results of atomic structure calculations to the short-wavelength region (7–11 nm), where the contributions from various charge states can be resolved, and obtain the relative contributions of charge states Sn9+ –Sn15+ . These relative contributions are compared to charge state populations as calculated with the non-equilibrium plasma kinetics code flychk. The calculations are shown to be in good qualitative agreement with the results, showing that the effective plasma temperature, and with it, the shape of the unresolved, main emission feature at 13.5 nm, is a remarkably weak function of laser intensity under this source normal operating conditions.
Advanced laser-driven ion sources and their applications in materials and nuclear science
Authors: Passoni M , Arioli F M , Cialfi L , Dellasega D , Fedeli L , Formenti A , Giovannelli A C , Maffini A , Mirani F , Pazzaglia A , Tentori A , Vavassori D , Zavelani-Rossi M , Russo V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The investigation of superintense laser-driven ion sources and their potential applications offers unique opportunities for multidisciplinary research. Plasma physics can be combined with materials and nuclear science, radiation detection and advanced laser technology, leading to novel research challenges of great fundamental and applicative interest. In this paper we present interesting and comprehensive results on nanostructured low density (near-critical) foam targets for TW and PW-class lasers, obtained in the framework of the European Research Council ENSURE project. Numerical simulations and experimental activities carried out at 100 s TW and PW-class laser facilities have shown that targets consisting of a solid foil coated with a nanostructured low-density (near-critical) foam can lead to an enhancement of the ion acceleration process. This stimulated a thorough numerical investigation of superintense laser-interaction with nanostructured near-critical plasmas. Thanks to a deep understanding of the foam growth process via the pulsed laser deposition technique and to the complementary capabilities of high-power impulse magnetron sputtering, advanced multi-layer targets based on near-critical films with carefully controlled properties (e.g. density gradients over few microns length scales) can now be manufactured, with applications outreaching the field of laser-driven ion acceleration. Additionally, comprehensive numerical and theoretical work has allowed the design of dedicated experiments and a realistic table-top apparatus for laser-driven materials irradiation, ion beam analysis and neutron generation, that exploit a double-layer target to reduce the requirements for the laser system.
Electronic non-coplanar refraction and deflected diffraction of Weyl-node-mismatch junctions
Authors: Yang Mou , Hou Quan-Teng , Wang Rui-Qiang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We studied the transport properties of the Weyl-node-mismatch junction, beside which the Weyl nodes are mismatch so that their projections on the interface plane cannot overlap. When electrons of one valley are injected onto the junction, the refraction is not coplanar with the injection-reflection plane. The non-coplanar deviation angle is valley dependent, and so if the injection consists of both valley components, the birefraction will take place. When electrons coming from a narrow rod transit across the junction into the bulk region on the other side, the electrons will be diffracted in the unconfined region. The diffraction is dispersed near the rod-bulk interface and is laterally deflected to the direction along the line connecting the Weyl node projections of incident and transmitted sides.
Evaluation of Midblock Pedestrian Crossing Facility in The Surakarta City, Indonesia
Authors: Yulianto B , Sugiyarto  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Pedestrians are the most vulnerable travellers to traffic accidents. It is necessary to provide pedestrian crossing facility that meet the standards of eligibility for pedestrian’s safety when crossing the road without disrupting traffic flow. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of type, road marking and signs of the existing midblock pedestrian crossing facility against the applicable guidelines. The midblock pedestrian crossing facility studied consist of three Zebra Crossings and five Pelican Crossings in the Surakarta City, Indonesia. Pedestrian and vehicle volume data has been collected through a survey of traffic. The guideline of determining the type of midblock pedestrian crossing facility using the PV2 criteria, while the guideline of pedestrian crossing road marking and signs using Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia No. PM 34 Year 2014. The study results indicate that in general, type, road marking and signs of the existing midblock pedestrian crossing facilities are inconsistent with the recommendations of the applicable guidelines. PV2 criteria fail to identify the type of pedestrian crossing facility, which should be provided in the given conditions. The compliance of the pedestrian to cross the road on Zebra Crossing and Pelican Crossings is very low. The infrastructure design, road markings and signs of the existing midblock pedestrian crossing is less consideration of pedestrian safety. It is necessary to rectify the guidelines relating to current midblock pedestrian crossing facility.
Design and Implementation of Dual Axis Solar Tracker PV to Increase Cleaning Robot Operating Time
Authors: Wicaksono D S , Musafa A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses design and implementation of dual-axis tracker for PV to supply additional power to extend the operating time of cleaning robot. The system consists of PV 3.5wp, servo motor Tower Pro G90, DC motor, motor driver L298, light sensor (LDR) and microcontroller. Dual axis solar tracker PV works with the principle of comparing light intensity on four light sensors to determine the direction of the oncoming light. PV will be directed perpendicular to the direction of the sunlight in order to maximize the energy production. From the test results obtained that PV produce the highest output voltage reaches 6.10 Volts on light intensity 110800 until 116500 LUX, when PV form the angle of 0 ° to 10 ° towards the sunlight. The average time of charging the battery using the PV, with battery condition 2.5 volt to 3.7 Volt is 94 minutes 48 second. For the average operation time of mobile robot with additional PV longer 7 minutes 17 second compared to mobile robot operation time of without additional PV.
Comparison of Optimization Using Hybrid Genetic Agorithm-Backpropagation and Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Backpropagation for Tide Level Forecasting
Authors: Nikentari N , Kurniawan H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Evolutionary computation or evolutionary algorithm has been used in many areas. For the last ten years, evolutionary computation became a powerful method to solve problems in the real world. Forecasting is a well-known method to determine the direction of the future for better results. Hybridization between the Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization to Backpropagation Neural Network are applied to forecast tide level data. The experiments based on a comparison of these two algorithms prove that Particle Swarm Optimization with Backpropagation Neural Network is exceeding Genetic Algorithm in measuring tide level forecasting.