bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune tolerance at the maternal‐placental interface in healthy pregnancy and pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Valencia‐Ortega Jorge , Saucedo Renata , Peña‐Cano María I. , Hernández‐Valencia Marcelino , Cruz‐Durán José G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe objective of this review is to describe the immunological mechanisms which facilitate maternal tolerance at the maternal‐placental interface, and to discuss how these mechanisms are disrupted in pre‐eclampsia.MethodsA literature review was performed based on the analysis of papers available on PubMed. The most important and relevant studies regarding the immunological mechanisms which facilitate maternal tolerance in healthy pregnancy and pre‐eclampsia are presented in this article.ResultsThe maternal‐placental interface is the site where the immune tolerance begins and develops. Within the innate immunity, natural killer cells, macrophages and dendritic cells play a pivotal role in tolerance through regulation of inflammation. On the other hand, within the adaptive immunity, the correct increase of regulatory T cells is crucial for ensuring immune tolerance toward placental cells. Disturbances in maternal tolerance can lead to the appearance of pregnancy complications such as pre‐eclampsia, which has a considerable impact on perinatal morbidity and mortality.ConclusionOur partial knowledge of immunological mechanisms involved in tolerance at the maternal‐placental interface indicates that pre‐eclampsia is characterized by alterations of this maternal immune tolerance, which could represent the origin of the disease.
Patients’ criteria for choosing a dentist: Comparison between a university‐based setting and private dental practices
Authors: Lamprecht Ragna , Struppek Julia , Heydecke Guido , Reissmann Daniel R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMost clinical studies in dentistry are conducted in university‐based settings. However, whether findings can be generalised to private dental practices is not clear. Aims of this study were to determine patients’ criteria for choosing a dentist, and to assess whether criteria differ between patients in university dental clinic and private dental practices. In this cross‐sectional study, a convenience sample of 300 subjects involving dental patients of a university dental clinic and private dental practices, and subjects from general population (each n = 100) were included. Criteria for choosing a dentist were assessed with a 31‐item questionnaire, covering socio‐demographic characteristics, qualifications, psychosocial skills, practice structure, practice offers and accessibility, with a 6‐point ordinal rating scale ranging from "very crucial”‐(5) to “not crucial at all"‐(0). A total of 189 subjects (63%) provided completed questionnaires for analyses. Dentists’ psychosocial skills (mean 4.4) were rated as most important when choosing a dentist, whereas socio‐demographic characteristics were of almost no significance (mean 1.0). Significant differences between settings were observed only for practice offers and accessibility with highest ratings in university setting. However, after controlling for potential confounders, ratings differed only slightly and not statistically significantly. In conclusion, dentists’ psychosocial skills appear to be most important criteria for choosing a dentist. Setting‐related differences in criteria seem to be likely but obviously result from differences in socio‐demographic characteristics.
When people estimate their personal intelligence who is overconfident? Who is accurate?
Authors: Mayer John D. , Panter A. T. , Caruso David R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe explore accurate self‐knowledge versus overconfidence in personal intelligence—a “broad” intelligence about personality. The theory of personal intelligence proposes that people vary in their ability to understand the traits, goals, plans, and actions of themselves and others. We wondered who accurately knew that they were higher in personal intelligence and who did not, and whether individuals with more accurate estimates were distinguishable from others in their psychological characteristics.MethodThree archival data sets were identified that included both self‐estimates and objective measures of personal intelligence: The measures were the Self‐Estimated Personal Intelligence scale and the Test of Personal Intelligence.ResultsPeople who were over‐confident—overestimating their ability‐level of personal intelligence—were positive in their outlook and more sociable. People who provided the most accurate self‐estimates were higher in verbal and personal intelligences, more open, and more conscientious than others.ConclusionsPeople who were accurate about themselves have not been studied before in this context but may, for example, serve as the monitors and thinkers who help keep themselves and others reasonable and on track.
Are the most productive regions necessarily the most successful? Local effects of productivity growth on employment and earnings
Authors: Partridge Mark , Tsvetkova Alexandra , Betz Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEconomists typically celebrate productivity growth as the chief way to improve living standards. Productivity growth may reduce costs, improve quality, or lead to innovation and new products, but if demand is insufficiently elastic, productivity growth can lead to weakening of labor markets. We study county‐level effects of productivity growth and productivity levels on growth in employment, income, and earnings. The results suggest that productivity growth generally suppresses job growth but has boosting effects on earnings and, to a lesser degree, on per‐capita income, although there is considerable variation across geographies and specific outcomes.
Insights into the Production and Role of Nitric Oxide in the Antarctic Sea‐ice Diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus
Authors: Kennedy Fraser , Martin Andrew , McMinn Andrew 
Published: May 2020

Nitric oxide (NO) is widely recognized as an important transmitter molecule in biological systems, from animals to plants and microbes. However, the role of NO in marine photosynthetic microbes remains unclear and even less is known about the role of this metabolite in Antarctic sea‐ice diatoms. Using a combination of microsensors, microfluidic chambers, and artificial sea‐ice tanks, a basic mechanistic insight into NO's dynamics within the Antarctic sea‐ice diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus was obtained. Results suggest that NO production in F. cylindrus is nitrite‐dependent via nitrate reductase. NO production was abolished upon exposure to light but could be induced in the light when normal photosynthetic electron flow was disrupted. The addition of exogenous NO to cellular suspensions of F. cylindrus negatively influenced growth, disrupted photosynthesis, and altered non‐photochemical dissipation mechanisms. NO production was also observed when cells were exposed to stressful salinity and temperature regimes. These results suggest that during periods of environmental stress, NO could be produced in F. cylindrus as a “stress signa” molecule.
Equivocal evidence for a change in balance between selfing and pollinator‐mediated reproduction in annual Brassicaceae growing along a rainfall gradient
Authors: Gibson‐Forty Eleanor V. J. , Tielbörger Katja , Seifan Merav 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBecause many plants ensure their reproductive success using some level of self‐fertilization, it is predicted that the balance between pollinator‐mediated pollen transfer and autonomous selfing will be correlated with habitat harshness and pollinator activity. To study these correlations, we used three annual species that differ in their self‐incompatibility and compared their reproductive success in the form of fruit production and seed viability, with and without pollinators, along a rainfall gradient and in relation to pollinator activity. We found that pollinator activity decreased with increasing aridity. Although the reproductive success in the absence of pollinators fitted the species’ level of self‐incompatibility, no clear trend was detected between pollinator visits or site harshness and relative reproductive success. Only one of the species, Sinapis alba, showed a consistent increase in autonomous selfing with both increased aridity and decreased pollinator visits, a finding that was supported by an increase in the viability of seeds produced in the absence of pollinators. Nevertheless, unlike our prediction, the absolute number of seeds produced per S. alba flower increased with aridity. Our overall findings suggest that despite decreasing pollinator abundance and diversity with increasing aridity, the reproductive success of annual species, even of those with high self‐incompatibility, remains relatively high. Although there may be several mechanisms governing these results, the overall constant seed production despite environmental uncertainties may be part of the mechanism by which plants in arid ecosystems buffer environmental variations.
Religious Queer People Beyond Identity Conflict: Lessons from Orthodox LGBT Jews in Israel
Authors: Avishai Orit 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA key thread of research on how lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) persons of faith navigate and make sense of gender and sexual identities and desires that defy their religious traditions’ teachings focuses on identity conflict, management, negotiation, and reconciliation. Drawing on interviews with 64 Orthodox Jewish same‐sex attracted persons in Israel, supplemented by physical and digital ethnographic data, I argue that the conflict frame is empirically imprecise and conceptually flawed. I demonstrate fluidity and ambivalence vis‐à‐vis religiosity and sexual identity and argue that ambivalence is generative: In the process of making sense of their sexual and religious selves, my respondents challenge what it means to be Orthodox and what it means to be same‐sex attracted, thereby challenging the conflict frame's categorical schema. I then make the case for a more contextualized and dynamic framework for theorizing LGBT negotiations of religious and sexual identities. I also observe that the limitations of the conflict lens are symptomatic of broader tendencies in the sociology of religion to rely on U.S. and Christian cases and a pattern of limited engagement with work in other disciplines and subdisciplines.
Protein quality in ready‐to‐use supplementary foods for moderate wasting
Authors: Roediger Rebecca , Stein Hans‐Henrik , Callaghan‐Gillespie Meghan , Blackman Jeffrey Kahn , Kohlmann Kristin , Maleta Kenneth , Manary Mark 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere are no guidelines for the optimal protein quality of ready‐to‐supplementary food (RUSF) for moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). This randomized, controlled, double‐blinded, clinical effectiveness trial evaluated two RUSFs in the treatment of MAM. Both foods contained greater than 7% dairy protein, but the protein‐optimized RUSF had a calculated digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) of 95%, whereas the control RUSF had a calculated DIAAS of 63%. There were 1,737 rural Malawian children 6–59 months of age treated with 75 kcal/kg/day of either control or protein quality‐optimized RUSF for up to 12 weeks. There was no difference in the proportion of children who recovered from MAM between the group that received protein‐optimized RUSF (759/860, 88%) and the group that received control RUSF (766/877, 87%, difference 1%, 95% CI, −2.1 to 4.1, p = 0.61). There were no differences in time to recovery or average weight gain; nor were adverse effects reported. Both RUSFs showed indistinguishable clinical outcomes, with recovery rates higher than typically seen in treatment for MAM. The DIAAS of these two RUSFs was measured using a pig model. Unexpectedly, the protein quality of the optimized RUSF was inferior to the control RUSF: DIAAS = 82% for the protein quality optimized RUSF and 96% for control RUSF. The controlled conditions of this trial suggest that in supplementary food products for MAM, protein quality is not an independent predictor of clinical effectiveness.
The actin cytoskeletal network plays a role in yeast prion transmission and contributes to prion stability
Authors: Dorweiler Jane E. , Oddo Mitchell J. , Lyke Douglas R. , Reilly Jacob A. , Wisniewski Brett T. , Davis Emily E. , Kuborn Abigail M. , Merrill Stephen J. , Manogaran Anita L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChaperone networks are required for the shearing and generation of transmissible propagons from pre‐existing prion aggregates. However, other cellular networks needed for maintaining yeast prions are largely uncharacterized. Here, we establish a novel role for actin networks in prion maintenance. The [PIN+] prion, also known as [RNQ+], exists as stable variants dependent upon the chaperone machinery for the transmission of propagons to daughter cells during cell division and cytoplasmic transfer. Loss of the Hsp104 molecular chaperone leads to the growth of prion particles until they are too large to be transmitted. Here, we isolated a unique [PIN+] variant, which is unstable in actin mutants. This prion loss is observed over many generations, and coincides with the detection of both high molecular weight species of Rnq1 and large visible aggregates that are asymmetrically retained during cell division. Our data suggest that the irregular actin networks found in these mutants may influence propagon number by slowly permitting aggregate growth over time, resulting in the generation of nontransmissible large aggregates. Thus, we show the potential contribution of cytoskeletal networks in the transmission of prion propagons, which parallels models that have been proposed for cell‐to‐cell transmission of small amyloids in neurodegenerative protein aggregation diseases.
Interaction with single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein localizes ribonuclease HI to DNA replication forks and facilitates R‐loop removal
Authors: Wolak Christine , Ma Hui Jun , Soubry Nicolas , Sandler Steven J. , Reyes‐Lamothe Rodrigo , Keck James L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDNA replication complexes (replisomes) routinely encounter proteins and unusual nucleic acid structures that can impede their progress. Barriers can include transcription complexes and R‐loops that form when RNA hybridizes with complementary DNA templates behind RNA polymerases. Cells encode several RNA polymerase and R‐loop clearance mechanisms to limit replisome exposure to these potential obstructions. One such mechanism is hydrolysis of R‐loops by ribonuclease HI (RNase HI). Here, we examine the cellular role of the interaction between Escherichia coli RNase HI and the single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein (SSB) in this process. Interaction with SSB localizes RNase HI foci to DNA replication sites. Mutation of rnhA to encode an RNase HI variant that cannot interact with SSB but that maintains enzymatic activity (rnhAK60E) eliminates RNase HI foci. The mutation also produces a media‐dependent slow‐growth phenotype and an activated DNA damage response in cells lacking Rep helicase, which is an enzyme that disrupts stalled transcription complexes. RNA polymerase variants that are thought to increase or decrease R‐loop accumulation enhance or suppress, respectively, the growth phenotype of rnhAK60E rep::kan strains. These results identify a cellular role for the RNase HI/SSB interaction in helping to clear R‐loops that block DNA replication.
Meanings of the “Museum Boom” in Contemporary Poland and Elsewhere
Authors: Fontana Erica 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe “museum boom” is a global phenomenon with various local manifestations and wide‐ranging antecedents. The recent museum boom in Poland, in which a number of national museum complexes have either opened or undergone significant remodeling, is related to changing evidential discourses about collective identity. These discourses are part of the national narratives surrounding the Polish state. This essay asks what can be learned from the Polish museum boom. Notably, museums and museum‐like institutions within Poland serve as a space for education and dialogue that both complements and contrasts with history education in schools and written history books. Through comparative case studies, this essay addresses how the museum boom is rooted in the particularities of Poland’s history. Museums elsewhere are experiencing similar shifts, and we ask here what these changes can tell us about the transformations of history museums in Poland.
Genomic insights into adaptation to heterogeneous environments for the ancient relictual Circaeaster agrestis (Circaeasteraceae, Ranunculales)
Authors: Zhang Xu , Sun Yanxia , Landis Jacob B. , Zhang Jianwen , Yang Linsen , Lin Nan , Zhang Huajie , Guo Rui , Li Lijuan , Zhang Yonghong , Deng Tao , Sun Hang , Wang Hengchang 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Investigating the interaction between environmental heterogeneity and local adaptation is critical for understanding the evolutionary history of a species, providing the premise for studying the response of organisms to rapid climate change. However, for most species how exactly the spatial heterogeneity promotes population divergence and how genomic variations contribute to adaptive evolution remain poorly understood.

We examine the contributions of geographical and environmental variables to population divergence of the relictual, alpine herb Circaeaster agrestis, as well as the genetic basis of local adaptation using RAD‐seq and plastome data.

We detected significant genetic structure with an extraordinary disequilibrium of genetic diversity among regions, and signals of isolation‐by‐distance along with isolation‐by‐resistance. The populations were estimated to begin diverging in the late Miocene, along with a possible ancestral distribution of the Hengduan Mountains and adjacent regions. Both environmental gradient and redundancy analyses revealed significant association between genetic variation and temperature variables. Genome–environment association analyses identified 16 putatively adaptive loci related mainly to biotic and abiotic stress resistance.

Our genome‐wide data provide new insights into the important role of environmental heterogeneity in shaping genetic structure, and access the footprints of local adaptation in an ancient relictual species, informing future conservation efforts.
Tissue stiffness contributes to YAP activation in bladder cancer patients undergoing transurethral resection
Authors: Ghasemi Hadi , Mousavibahar Seyed Habibollah , Hashemnia Mohammad , Karimi Jamshid , Khodadadi Iraj , Mirzaei Fatemeh , Tavilani Heidar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChanges in the cellular microenvironment play a critical role in the development of bladder cancer (BC). Yes‐associated protein (YAP), a central mediator of the Hippo pathway, functions as a nuclear sensor of mechanotransduction that can be induced by stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including stiffness resulting from surgical manipulations. We aimed to clarify the possible association between surgically‐related ECM stiffness and YAP activation in BC patients. We compared 30 bladder cancer tissues with grade II (n = 15 recurrent and n = 15 newly diagnosed) with 30 adjacent healthy tissues. Atomic force microscopy showed that patients with recurrent BC had stiffer ECM than newly diagnosed patients (P < 0.05). Gene expression profiles showed that β1 integrin (ITGB1), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), CDC42, and YAP were upregulated in cancerous tissues (P < 0.05); additionally, β1 integrin activation was confirmed using a specific antibody. Nuclear localization of YAP was higher in recurrent cancerous tissues compared with newly diagnosed and it was positively associated with higher stiffness (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that postsurgery‐induced ECM stiffness can influence integrin–FAK–YAP activity and thereby YAP trafficking to the nucleus where it contributes to BC progression and relapse.
Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux: an update on current and emerging modalities
Authors: Ang Daphne , Lee Yeong‐Yeh , Clarke John O. , Lynch Kristle , Guillaume Alexandra , Onyimba Frances , Kamal Afrin , Gyawali C. Prakash 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition characterized by troublesome symptoms or esophageal mucosal lesions attributed to excessive esophageal acid exposure. Various pathophysiological mechanisms account for GERD, including impaired esophageal peristalsis and anatomical or physiological defects at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). Endoscopy identifies GERD complications and detects potential alternative diagnoses. However, if symptoms persist despite proton pump inhibitor therapy, functional esophageal tests are useful to characterize reflux burden and define the symptom association profile. Ambulatory pH or pH‐impedance monitoring measures the 24‐h acid exposure time, which remains the most reproducible reflux metric and predicts response to antireflux therapy. Apart from identifying peristaltic dysfunction, esophageal high‐resolution manometry defines the morphology and contractile vigor (EGJ‐CI) of the EGJ. Novel metrics obtained from pH‐impedance monitoring include the postreflux swallow–induced peristaltic wave index and mean nocturnal baseline impedance, which augment the diagnostic value of pH‐impedance testing. Mucosal impedance can also be recorded using a probe inserted through a gastroscope, or a novel balloon catheter with arrays of impedance electrodes inserted following sedated endoscopy. The latest developments in functional esophageal tests define the GERD phenotype based on pathogenesis, reflux exposure, structural or motility disorders, and symptom burden, facilitating appropriate treatment.
Survival outcomes after surgical treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Weckx Annelies , Grochau Kathrin J. , Grandoch Andrea , Backhaus Tim , Zöller Joachim E. , Kreppel Matthias 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the clinicopathological parameters that influence survival in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, in order to allow for the development of individualized surveillance programmes and reduce the delay in diagnosis of recurrence.Materials and MethodsRetrospective chart review of 553 patients with a treatment‐naïve primary oral squamous cell carcinoma, who underwent primarily curative intended surgery. Exclusion criteria were neoadjuvant radio(chemo)therapy, follow‐up < 1 year, perioperative death, inoperable disease, synchronous multiple malignancies and inadequate information on clinicopathological parameters.ResultsThe clinicopathological factors that influence overall survival, disease‐free survival and locoregional control were calculated. In the multivariate survival analysis, the occurrence of recurrence, presence of extracapsular spread, T‐ and N‐classification were shown to be independent risk factors for overall survival.ConclusionThe identification of these risk factors can lead to the development of individualized follow‐up programmes based on risk stratification. This allows for the earliest possible diagnosis of relapse which is essential to offer the patient a realistic second treatment chance and to improve survival rates.