bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass sterilization of a common palm species by elephants in Kruger National Park, South Africa
Authors: Midgley Jeremy J. , Coetzee Bernard W. T. , Tye Donovan , Kruger Laurence M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChronic herbivory by elephants rarely eliminates any species of woody savanna plants because these plants are typically vigorous basal resprouters after damage by fire or herbivory. In some instances, resprouting after elephant herbivory even increases stem numbers per unit area compared to protected areas. It is thus difficult to know whether an area has been severely degraded by elephant herbivory or not because although trees may be severely reduced in size, they will still be present and may even be relatively dense. By using an elephant exclosure in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, we demonstrate that this resprouting ability masks the fact that entire populations of a widespread African palm, Hyphaene petersiana, are prevented from reaching sexual maturity by chronic elephant herbivory. Besides sterilizing these palms and thus preventing their evolution and seed dispersal, the absence of the palm fruits, flowers and tall stems has other negative biodiversity impacts on their associated fauna. We suggest that to determine sustainable elephant impacts on savanna plants, conservation managers also use the reproductive condition of savanna plants rather than their presence, height or stem density.
Outcome prediction with resting-state functional connectivity after cardiac arrest
Authors: Wagner Franca , Hänggi Matthias , Weck Anja , Pastore-Wapp Manuela , Wiest Roland , Kiefer Claus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPredicting outcome in comatose patients after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation is challenging. Our primary aim was to assess the potential contribution of resting-state-functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) in predicting neurological outcome. RS-fMRI was used to evaluate functional and effective connectivity within the default mode network in a cohort of 90 comatose patients and their impact on functional neurological outcome after 3 months. The RS-fMRI processing protocol comprises the evaluation of functional and effective connectivity within the default mode network. Seed-to-voxel and ROI-to-ROI feature analysis was performed as starting point for a supervised machine-learning approach. Classification of the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) 1–3 (good to acceptable outcome) versus CPC 4–5 (adverse outcome) achieved a positive predictive value of 91.7%, sensitivity of 90.2%, and accuracy of 87.8%. A direct link to the level of consciousness and outcome after 3 months was identified for measures of segregation in the precuneus, in medial and right frontal regions. Thalamic connectivity appeared significantly reduced in patients without conscious response. Decreased within-network connectivity in the default mode network and within cortico-thalamic circuits correlated with clinical outcome after 3 months. Our results indicate a potential role of these markers for decision-making in comatose patients early after cardiac arrest.
High prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infections and coinfection with hepatitis virus in riverside villages in northeast China
Authors: Gao Yanhang , Li Yanqing , Liu Xiaowen , Zhang Tong , Yu Ge , Wang Yang , Shi Ying , Chi Xiumei , Wang Xiaomei , Gao Xiuzhu , Wu Ruihong , Zhang Yingyu , Hang Lei , Sun Shijuan , Guan Yazhe , Xu Ying , Meng Jing , Liu Xu , Jiang Chang , Ma Heming , Luo Liting , Yan Qi , Yin Xin , Peng Fei , Zhi Yixiao , Qu Weige , Zhang Xia , Ren Tianqi , Liu Lili , Zhao Jinming , Zhang Feiyu , Yakepu Adila , Pan Yu , Xu Hongqin , Niu Junqi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn China, the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infections is only evaluated at the provincial level by national sampling surveys, and data from villages and counties are still lacking. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in 10 villages located along the Lalin River in northeast China. Clonorchiasis was diagnosed using a modified Kato–Katz method that detects the C. sinensis egg in stools. A total of 3,068 persons were screened and 2,911 were recruited for the study. Overall, the prevalence of C. sinensis infection was 29.3%. Among 175 participants who were cured after antiparasitic treatment, 54 (30.86%) were re-infected in this survey. After calibration of potential confounders, male gender, occupation as a farmer, smoking, and occasionally or frequently eating raw fish were independent risk factors for C. sinensis infection. The results of laboratory examinations in the C. sinensis/hepatitis B or C virus co-infection group were similar to those in the hepatitis B or C virus mono-infection groups. In conclusion, C. sinensis is highly endemic in villages along the Lalin River, and the primary route of infection is the consumption of raw freshwater fish. Co-infection with C. sinensis did't aggravate the clinical manifestations of viral hepatitis in this cross-sectional study.
Gear-like rotatable optical trapping with radial carpet beams
Authors: Bayat Jamal , Hajizadeh Faegheh , Khazaei Ali Mohammad , Rasouli Saifollah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOptical tweezers have become a powerful tool in the fields of biology, soft condensed matter physics, and nanotechnology. Here, we report the use of recently introduced radial carpet beams (RCBs) in the optical tweezers setup to trap multiple particles. An RCB is produced by diffraction of a plane or Gaussian beam from an amplitude radial grating. Because of the radial symmetry of the grating, all the diffraction orders are propagated along the optical axis and are used for trapping. Based on the number of grating spokes, the produced RCB has a definite number of high-intensity spots on the transverse plane located over a circular ring. These high-intensity spots of the beam provide multi-traps when it passes through an objective lens and have enough gradient force to trap polystyrene and silica particles. Moreover, the diffracted light from the grating has this property to transfer the angular momentum. We show that the multi-trapped birefringent particles could rotate in their own traps when polarization of the trapping RCB to be circular. In addition, the orbital rotation of the particles is simply executable by manually rotating the grating in its plane around the optical axis.
Passive training with upper extremity exoskeleton robot affects proprioceptive acuity and performance of motor learning
Authors: Chiyohara Shinya , Furukawa Jun-ichiro , Noda Tomoyuki , Morimoto Jun , Imamizu Hiroshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSports trainers often grasp and move trainees’ limbs to give instructions on desired movements, and a merit of this passive training is the transferring of instructions via proprioceptive information. However, it remains unclear how passive training affects the proprioceptive system and improves learning. This study examined changes in proprioceptive acuity due to passive training to understand the underlying mechanisms of upper extremity training. Participants passively learned a trajectory of elbow-joint movement as per the instructions of a single-arm upper extremity exoskeleton robot, and the performance of the target movement and proprioceptive acuity were assessed before and after the training. We found that passive training improved both the reproduction performance and proprioceptive acuity. We did not identify a significant transfer of the training effect across arms, suggesting that the learning effect is specific to the joint space. Furthermore, we found a significant improvement in learning performance in another type of movement involving the trained elbow joint. These results suggest that participants form a representation of the target movement in the joint space during the passive training, and intensive use of proprioception improves proprioceptive acuity.
Valproate inhibits mitochondrial bioenergetics and increases glycolysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Salsaa Michael , Pereira Bianca , Liu Jenney , Yu Wenxi , Jadhav Shyamalagauri , Hüttemann Maik , Greenberg Miriam L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe widely used mood stabilizer valproate (VPA) causes perturbation of energy metabolism, which is implicated in both the therapeutic mechanism of action of the drug as well as drug toxicity. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we determined the effects of VPA on energy metabolism in yeast. VPA treatment increased levels of glycolytic intermediates, increased expression of glycolysis genes, and increased ethanol production. Increased glycolysis was likely a response to perturbation of mitochondrial function, as reflected in decreased membrane potential and oxygen consumption. Interestingly, yeast, mouse liver, and isolated bovine cytochrome c oxidase were directly inhibited by the drug, while activities of other oxidative phosphorylation complexes (III and V) were not affected. These findings have implications for mechanisms of therapeutic action and toxicity.
Inverse-designed arbitrary-input and ultra-compact 1 × N power splitters based on high symmetric structure
Authors: Ma Hansi , Huang Jie , Zhang Kaiwang , Yang Junbo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBased on high symmetric structure, we propose the arbitrary-input and ultra-compact 1 × 2 and 1 × 3 power splitters by utilizing inverse design method.
These devices can realize the functionality of power splitting, when the optical field is launched from arbitrary port. The shapes of their structures are 3.8 μm-wide regular hexagon and 4.0 μm-wide regular octagon, respectively. By utilizing 3D fine difference time domain solutions, the simulated results indicate that the excess loss of the 1 × 2 power splitter is less than 1.5 dB from 1,500 to 1,600 nm, and the excess loss and crosstalk of the 1 × 3 power splitter are less than 1.9 dB and lower than − 15.5 dB over 100 nm bandwidth at the centered wavelength of 1,550 nm respectively. In addition, the tolerances to fabrication errors are also investigated.
Minimal fatal shocks in multistable complex networks
Authors: Halekotte Lukas , Feudel Ulrike 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultistability is a common phenomenon which naturally occurs in complex networks. Often one of the coexisting stable states can be identified as being the desired one for a particular application. We present here a global approach to identify the minimal perturbation which will instantaneously kick the system out of the basin of attraction of its desired state and hence induce a critical or fatal transition we callshock-tipping. The correspondingMinimal Fatal Shockis a vector whose length can be used as a global stability measure and whose direction in state space allows us to draw conclusions on weaknesses of the network corresponding to critical network motifs. We demonstrate this approach in plant–pollinator networks and the power grid of Great Britain. In both system classes, tree-like substructures appear to be the most vulnerable with respect to the minimal shock perturbation.
Imbalances in the disposition of estrogen and naphthalene in breast cancer patients: a potential biomarker of breast cancer risk
Authors: Chen Dar-Ren , Hsieh Wei-Chung , Liao Yi-Lun , Lin Kuo-Juei , Wang Yu-Fen , Lin Po-Hsiung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElevation of naphthoquinones and estrogen quinones, which are reactive metabolites of naphthalene and estrogen, is thought to be an important indicator of naphthalene- and estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. We compared background levels of naphthalene and estrogen quinone-derived adducts in serum albumin (Alb) from 143 women with breast cancer and 119 healthy controls. Cysteinyl adducts of naphthoquinones, including 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NPQ) and 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NPQ), and estrogen quinones, including estrogen-2,3-quinones (E2-2,3-Q) and estrogen-3,4-quinones (E2-3,4-Q), were characterized after adduct cleavage. Levels of estrogen quinones and naphthoquinones were positively correlated in healthy controls, but not in breast cancer patients (p < 0.05). Compared with controls, levels of 1,2-NPQ and E2-3,4-Q were elevated by two- to ten-fold in cancer patients (p < 0.001). To explore the correlation between estrogen- and naphthalene-derived quinone adducts and disease status, we performed linear discriminant analysis of the ratio of 1,2-NPQ-Alb to (1,2-NPQ-Alb plus 1,4-NPQ-Alb) versus the ratio of E2-3,4-Q-2-S-Alb to (E2-2,3-Q-4-S-Alb plus E2-3,4-Q-2-S-Alb) in patients and controls. These two groups were separable using albumin adducts of estrogen quinones and naphthoquinones, with 99.6% overall correct classification rate (overall accuracy). The findings of this study suggest that differences in the disposition of estrogen and naphthalene, and the subsequent elevation of cumulative E2-3,4-Q and 1,2-NPQ may serve as biomarkers of breast cancer risk.
The Dimensionality of Oral Language Ability: Evidence From Young Greek Children
Authors: Mouzaki Angeliki , Spyropoulou Elli , Ralli Asimina M. , Antoniou Faye , Diamanti Vassiliki , Papaioannou Sophia 
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This study investigated component skills in oral language development utilizing and validating a new assessment battery in a large (
N
= 800) and representative sample of Greek students 4–7 years of age.

Method
All participants enrolled in public schools from four geographical regions (Attica, Thessaly, Macedonia, and Crete) that varied demographically (urban, semiurban, and rural). For the individualized language assessments, we utilized mobile devices (tablet PC) to ensure children's interest and joyful participation as well as reliable administration procedures across sites. Results by confirmatory factor analyses specified and validated five different models in each grade to identify the best conceptualization of language dimensionality in the respective age groups.

Results
Four-dimensional model provided a slightly better discriminant validity in language data of the preschool group. However, in kindergarten and first grades, the five-dimensional model had the best fit to the data to the four-dimensional.

Conclusion
These findings support the multidimensionality of oral language ability at this phase of development and increase of factor distinctiveness as children grow.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12649214
Accretion bursts in low-metallicity protostellar disks
Authors: Vorobyov Eduard I. , Elbakyan Vardan G. , Omukai Kazuyuki , Hosokawa Takashi , Matsukoba Ryoki , Guedel Manuel 
Published: July 2020

Aims. The early evolution of protostellar disks with metallicities in the Z = 1.0 − 0.01 Z⊙ range was studied with a particular emphasis on the strength of gravitational instability and the nature of protostellar accretion in low-metallicity systems.
Methods. Numerical hydrodynamics simulations in the thin-disk limit were employed that feature separate gas and dust temperatures, and disk mass-loading from the infalling parent cloud cores. Models with cloud cores of similar initial mass and rotation pattern but distinct metallicity were considered to distinguish the effect of metallicity from that of the initial conditions.
Results. The early stages of disk evolution in low-metallicity models are characterized by vigorous gravitational instability and fragmentation. Disk instability is sustained by continual mass-loading from the collapsing core. The time period that is covered by this unstable stage is much shorter in the Z = 0.01 Z⊙ models than in their higher metallicity counterparts thanks to the higher rates of mass infall caused by higher gas temperatures (which decouple from lower dust temperatures) in the inner parts of collapsing cores. Protostellar accretion rates are highly variable in the low-metallicity models reflecting the highly dynamic nature of the corresponding protostellar disks. The low-metallicity systems feature short but energetic episodes of mass accretion caused by infall of inward-migrating gaseous clumps that form via gravitational fragmentation of protostellar disks. These bursts seem to be more numerous and last longer in the Z = 0.1 Z⊙ models than in the Z = 0.01 Z⊙ case.
Conclusions. Variable protostellar accretion with episodic bursts is not a particular feature of solar metallicity disks. It is also inherent to gravitationally unstable disks with metallicities up to 100 times lower than solar.
Comparison of 3 Devices for 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in a Nonclinical Environment Through a Randomized Trial
Authors: Nwankwo Tatiana , Coleman King Sallyann M , Ostchega Yechiam , Zhang Guangyu , Loustalot Fleetwood , Gillespie Cathleen , Chang Tiffany E , Begley Elin B , George Mary G , Shimbo Daichi , Schwartz Joseph E , Muntner Paul , Kronish Ian M , Hong Yuling , Merritt Robert 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends the use of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) as part of screening and diagnosis of hypertension. The optimal ABPM device for population-based surveys is unknown.

Methods
We compared the proportion of valid blood pressure (BP) readings, mean awake and asleep BP readings, differences between awake ABPM readings and initial standardized BP readings, and sleep experience among three ABPM devices. We randomized a convenience sample of 365 adults to 1 of 3 ABPM devices: Welch Allyn Mobil-O-Graph (WA), Sun Tech Classic Oscar2 (STO) and Spacelabs 90227 (SL). Participants completed sleep quality questionnaires on the nights before and during ABPM testing.

Results
The proportions of valid BP readings were not different among the 3 devices (P &gt; 0.45). Mean awake and asleep systolic BP were significantly higher for STO device (WA vs. STO vs. SL: 126.65, 138.09, 127.44 mm Hg; 114.34, 120.34, 113.13 mm Hg; P &lt; 0.0001 for both). The difference between the initial average standardized mercury systolic BP readings and the ABPM mean awake systolic BP was larger for STO device (WA vs. STO. vs. SL: –5.26, –16.24, –5.36 mm Hg; P &lt; 0.0001); diastolic BP mean differences were ~ –6 mm Hg for all 3 devices (P = 0.6). Approximately 55% of participants reported that the devices interfered with sleep; however, there were no sleep differences across the devices (P &gt; 0.4 for all).

Conclusion
Most of the participants met the threshold of 70% valid readings over 24 hours. Sleep disturbance was common but did not interfere with completion of measurement in most of the participants.
Detecting Food Fraud in Extra Virgin Olive Oil Using a Prototype Portable Hyphenated Photonics Sensor
Authors: Weesepoel Yannick , Alewijn Martin , Wijtten Michiel , Müller-Maatsch Judith 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Current developments in portable photonic devices for fast authentication of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or EVOO with non-EVOO additions steer towards hyphenation of different optic technologies. The multiple spectra or so-called “fingerprints” of samples are then analyzed with multivariate statistics. For EVOO authentication, one-class classification (OCC) to identify “out-of-class” EVOO samples in combination with data-fusion is applicable.

Objective
Prospecting the application of a prototype photonic device (“PhasmaFood”) which hyphenates visible, fluorescence, and near-infrared spectroscopy in combination with OCC modelling to classify EVOOs and discriminate them from other edible oils and adulterated EVOOs.

Method
EVOOs were adulterated by mixing in 10–50% (v/v) of refined and virgin olive oils, olive-pomace olive oils, and other common edible oils. Samples were analyzed by the hyphenated sensor. OCC, data-fusion, and decision thresholds were applied and optimized for two different scenarios.

Results
By high-level data-fusion of the classification results from the three spectral databases and several multivariate model vectors, a 100% correct classification of all pure edible oils using OCC in the first scenario was found. Reducing samples being falsely classified as EVOOs in a second scenario, 97% of EVOOs adulterated with non-EVOO olive oils were correctly identified and ones with other edible oils correctly classified at score of 91%.

Conclusions
Photonic sensor hyphenation in combination with high-level data fusion, OCC, and tuned decision thresholds delivers significantly better screening results for EVOO compared to individual sensor results.

Highlights
Hyphenated photonics and its data handling solutions applied to extra virgin olive oil authenticity testing was found to be promising.
Exploring Depressive Symptoms and Anxiety Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and/or Flutter at the Time of Cardioversion or Ablation
Authors: Koleck Theresa A. , Mitha Shazia A. , Biviano Angelo , Caceres Billy A. , Corwin Elizabeth J. , Goldenthal Isaac , Creber Ruth Masterson , Turchioe Meghan Reading , Hickey Kathleen T. , Bakken Suzanne 
Published: July 2020

Background
Depression and anxiety in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and/or atrial flutter may influence the effectiveness of cardioversion and ablation. There is a lack of knowledge related to depressive symptoms and anxiety at the time of these procedures.

Objective
We aimed to describe the prevalence and explore potential covariates of depressive symptoms and anxiety in patients with AF at the time of cardioversion or ablation. We further explored the influence of depressive symptoms and anxiety on quality of life at the time of procedure and 6-month AF recurrence.

Methods
Depressive symptoms, anxiety, and quality of life were collected at the time of cardioversion or ablation using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality of Life questionnaire. Presence of AF recurrence within 6 months post procedure was evaluated.

Results
Participants (N = 171) had a mean (SD) age of 61.20 (11.23) years and were primarily male (80.1%) and white, non-Hispanic (81.4%). Moderate to severe depressive symptoms (17.2%) and clinically significant state (30.2%) and trait (23.6%) anxiety were reported. Mood/anxiety disorder diagnosis was associated with all 3 symptoms. Atrial fibrillation symptom severity was associated with both depressive symptoms and trait anxiety. Heart failure diagnosis and digoxin use were also associated with depressive symptoms. Trends toward significance between state and trait anxiety and participant race/ethnicity as well as depressive symptoms and body mass index were observed. Study findings support associations between symptoms and quality of life, but not 6-month AF recurrence.

Conclusion
Depressive symptoms and anxiety are common in patients with AF. Healthcare providers should monitor patients with AF for depressive symptoms and anxiety at the time of procedures and intervene when indicated. Additional investigations on assessment, prediction, treatment, and outcome of depressive symptoms and anxiety in patients with AF are warranted.