bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Exposure in Training to the Open Bankart on the Declining Current Use of the Procedure
Authors: Neviaser Robert J. , Parker Rachel L. , Neviaser Andrew S. 
Published: July 2020

Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of exposure to the open Bankart during residency and fellowship on the trend toward obsolescence of the procedure. Our hypothesis was that the open Bankart would be used with decreasing frequency and that this would be related to lack of exposure to the procedure during training.Methods:A survey consisting of 10 questions about their experience with the open Bankart procedure in residency, fellowship, and practice, as well as their current usage of it and other operations, was sent to members of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons. Respondents were divided into groups based on the year of completion of training.Results:Statistical analysis of the responses revealed a notable trend of progressively diminished use of the open Bankart by those trained before 2000 compared with those completing training between 2001 and 2017. Ancillary findings included more surgeons using the open Bankart for revision cases than as a primary procedure and many using the Latarjet for patients with less than 15% or even no glenoid bone loss.Conclusion:We concluded that a statistically notable trend of the decreasing use of the open Bankart was observed despite excellent reported outcomes and that its current role is most likely as a revision procedure. Lack of exposure to the operation in training is a major factor in its decline, and this decreasing exposure is self-perpetuating.Level of Evidence:Survey
Gender Differences in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease Progression and Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Mosha Fausta 
Published: July 2020

Several interventions have been implemented for control and prevention of HIV, including provision of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). A major concern is how this investment can effectively reduce morbidity and mortality due to HIV given the existence of various factors that contribute to treatment failure. The purpose of this chapter is to elaborate the role of gender on HIV Disease progression and treatment outcomes. Demographic, epidemiological, clinical, immunological, treatment information as well as blood from HIV infected patients were collected. Epidemiological analyses, using standard phylogenetic and statistical tests were done. A follow-up of patients who were initiated on ART for 1 year enabled description of the gender differences in HIV disease progression and treatment outcome. After 1 year of follow up on ART, more females survived, and more females had undetectable viral load compared to males. However, women lost their initial immunological advantage as they presented with lower immunological recovery after 1 year of therapy. Socio-demographic factors do have an impact on disease progression during ART in HIV-1 infected patients. We recommend that more cohorts of patients be continuously followed up to understand the differences on ART outcome between males and females.
Reassessment of the taxonomic status of Pseudopaludicola parnaiba (Anura, Leptodactylidae, Leiuperinae), with the description of a new cryptic species from the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: De Andrade Felipe Silva , Haga Isabelle Aquemi , Lyra Mariana Lúcio , De Carvalho Thiago Ribeiro , Haddad Célio Fernando Baptista , Giaretta Ariovaldo Antonio , Toledo Luís Felipe 
Published: July 2020

The Neotropical frog genus Pseudopaludicola includes 25 species distributed throughout South America. Herein we review the taxonomic status of P. parnaiba relative to P. canga and the specific identity of the population treated in previous studies as Pseudopaludicola sp. 3 from Barreirinhas in the Brazilian state of Maranhão. The lack of differentiation in advertisement call, morphology, and mitochondrial markers from topotypes and different populations rejects the status of P. parnaiba and Pseudopaludicola sp. 3 from Barreirinhas as distinct species. For these reasons, we suggest to formally consider P. parnaiba as a junior synonym of P. canga. We also found that a population previously reported as P. facureae from central Brazil (Palmeiras de Goiás, Goiás) corresponds to a cryptic species that we describe here as a new species. Lastly, we provide for the first time the phylogenetic positions of P. giarettai, P. llanera and P. pusilla.
Exercer a docência no Ensino Superior Brasileiro na contemporaneidade com sucesso (competência e eficácia) apresenta como um grande desafio para o professor universitário
Authors: Masetto Marcos Tarciso 
Published: July 2020

Desde o início deste século, a universidade brasileira se vê envolvida em inovações que afetam os paradigmas curriculares, a dinamização das aulas universitárias através de metodologias ativas, a chegada do aluno que, no dizer de Veen e Vrakking (2009) se apresenta como um “homo zappiens” conectado com inúmeros grupos de WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram. Neste cenário, um desafio para o docente: como agir de modo eficaz junto aos alunos para que estes se formem profissionais competentes para o século XXI? Este é o objetivo deste artigo: responder a esse desafio, nos baseando em estudos teóricos sobre inovações no ensino superior, em nossas experiências de docência nas últimas décadas, em orientações de pesquisas de mestrado e doutorado defendidas sobre projetos curriculares inovadores e formação de professores para agirem em tais projetos. As trilhas percorridas se entrelaçaram com estudos teóricos de autores como Sacristán (1998), Cunha (1998, 2009), Arroyo (2000), Zabalza (2004), Perrenoud (2013); com o exercício de práticas docentes e pesquisas de campo realizadas e publicadas em artigos e livros por Masetto (1992, 2010a, 2010b, 2018) e por Gaeta e Masetto, (2013), apresentadas em trabalhos e congressos nacionais e internacionais. Quatro trilhas comporão nossas reflexões e análises: a primeira, voltada para a necessária abertura do professor para as inovações atuais no ensino superior brasileiro; a segunda, resgatando a característica da profissionalidade na atuação docente; a terceira destacando o trabalho em equipe do corpo docente e, a quarta, evidenciando a construção de um agir docente competente em situações de sala de aula.
The impact of short-term exposure to near shore stressors on the early life stages of the reef building coral Montipora capitata
Authors: Lager Claire V.A. , Hagedorn Mary , S. Rodgers Kuʻulei , Jokiel Paul L. 
Published: July 2020

Successful reproduction and survival are crucial to the continuation and resilience of corals globally. As reef waters warm due to climate change, episodic largescale tropical storms are becoming more frequent, drastically altering the near shore water quality for short periods of time. Therefore, it is critical that we understand the effects warming waters, fresh water input, and run-off have on sexual reproduction of coral. To better understand the effects of these near shore stressors on Hawaiian coral, laboratory experiments were conducted at the Institute of Marine Biology to determine the independent effects of suspended sediment concentrations (100 mg l−1 and 200 mg l−1), lowered salinity (28‰), and elevated temperature (31 °C) on the successful fertilization, larval survival, and settlement of the scleractinian coral Montipora capitata. In the present study, early developmental stages of coral were exposed to one of three near shore stressors for a period of 24 h and the immediate (fertilization) and latent effects (larval survival and settlement) were observed and measured. Fertilization success and settlement were not affected by any of the treatments; however, larval survival was negatively affected by all of the treatments by 50% or greater (p > 0.05). These data show that early life stages of M. capitata may be impacted by near shore stressors associated with warming and more frequent storm events.
Phytochemical Screening and Antifungal Activities of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) Leaves Extract on Some Fungal Isolates
Authors: Tafinta I. Y. , Okoye N. H. , Batagarawa U. S. , Hamma I. I. , Abubakar M. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The study on qualitative phytochemical screening and antifungal activities was evaluated on Cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) leaf extracts using standard procedures.
Objectives: With the view of evaluating its secondary metabolites and also assessing it’s antifungal activities.
Methodology: The antifungal activities of the leaves extracts (aqueous and ethanol) were carried out using agar incorporation method at varying concentrations (20 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL, 60 mg/mL, 80 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL). The aqueous and ethanolic extracts were tested against Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer (isolated from street vended sliced fruits).
Results: The phytochemical screening revealed that A. occidentale leaf extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) contained; Tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, Cardiac glycosides, Glycosides, Saponins glycosides, Saponins, Steroids and Volatile oils with the exceptions of Anthraquines and Balsams. The result shows that aqueous extracts has no significant inhibitory activity when compared to the ethanolic extracts against A. niger (p =0.05). The highest mean zone of inhibition (38.00± 5.00 mm) was observed at 100 mg/mL concentration of the aqueous extract and the lowest mean zone of inhibition (12.67± 2.51 mm) was observed at 20 mg/mL concentration of the ethanol extracts against A. niger while R. stolonifer were highly resistant to both extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract (MIC) was observed at 20 mg/mL for both extracts.
Conclusion: Thus, the study showed that A. occidentale could be a possible source of obtaining new and effective drugs.
Prevalence, Infection Intensity and Risk Factors of Schistosomiasis and Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis among School Aged Children in Tiko Health District, Southwest Cameroon: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Eyong Esum Mathias , Junior Ewane Etah , Dilonga Henry Meriki , Patrick Idam Vanesia , Nicholas Tendongfor 
Published: July 2020

Aims: This study aimed at determining the prevalence, infection intensities and risk factors associated with Schistosomiasis (SCH) and Soil transmitted helminthiasis (STH) among school aged children (SAC) in Tiko Health District (THD).
Study Design: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three health areas (Likomba, Holforth and Tiko town) in Tiko Health District.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in THD from July to October, 2018.
Methodology: The study included 464 children of both sexes aged between 4 – 15 years. Stool and urine samples were collected from 464 children and processed using the Kato Katz and Urine filtration techniques respectively. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors were collected using structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 with statistical significance set at p< 0.05.
Results: Of the 464 SAC examined, the overall prevalence of Schistosomiasis, STH and Schistosomiasis/STH co-infection rate in THD was 16.16%, 14.44% and 0.43% respectively. Females (18.98%; 14.81%) were more infected with Schistosomiasis when compared to STH than males (13.71%; 14.11%). The order of STH prevalence observed was Ascariasis (9.27%) > Hookworm disease (3.88%) > Trichuriasis (1.29%). The mean infection intensity for Urinary Schistosomiasis and STH was 4.36 eggs per 10ml and 11.74 eggs per gram (EPG) respectively. SAC residing in Likomba HA were significantly at higher risk of Schistosomiasis (aOR: 4.40, P=0.008) and STH (aOR: 2.14, P = 0.031). Use of tap water was associated with STH.
Conclusion: Tiko Health District can be considered as a moderate-risk zone for Schistosomiasis and a low risk zone for STH infection according to WHO classification.
Early Onset and Late Onset of Neonatal Sepsis in a Tertiary Hospital, South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Adedokun A. A. , Onosakponome E. O. , Nyenke C. U. 
Published: July 2020

Aims: The study was carried out to determine organisms present during early onset of neonatal sepsis (EONNS), late onset of neonatal sepsis (LONNS) and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
Methodology: This study is a retrospective evaluation of 453 neonatal blood cultures. Two (2) ml of blood from these neonates was cultured in thioglycollate broth and tryptone soya broth. This was carried out in the Department of Microbiology and Parasitology of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria between January-December 2007.
Results: Out of 453, 272(60.0%) neonates showed negative blood cultures, while 181(40.0%) neonates had positive bacterial cultures and 2 neonates (0.4%) were positive for Candida albicans. Overall, Klebsiella spp. was the most common pathogen, accounting for (37.8%) of the total isolates. Others were as follows; Staphylococcus aureus (28.4%), Escherichia coli (11.8%), unclassified coliforms 8.3%, Pseudomonas spp. 4.9%, Enterococcus spp. (2.9%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CONS) (2.5%) and Proteus spp. (3.4%). Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONNS) and late onset neonatal sepsis (LONNS) had Klebsiella spp and Staphylococcus aureus as their common causes of neonatal sepsis respectively. Klebsiella spp. was susceptible to spafloxacin (87.0%) followed by ofloxacin (82.0%), amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (79.0%) and ceftazidime (65.0%) among the Gram-negative organisms. In the category of Gram-positive organisms, Staphylococcus aureus is highly sensitive to ofloxacin (81.0%) followed by spafloxacin (79.0%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (71.0%).
Conclusion: A viable antibiotic susceptibility surveillance programme coupled with good infection control practices and rational antibiotics use will reduce infection rate, ensure better therapeutic success and prolong the efficacy of available antimicrobials.
The Effect of Restraint Stress on the Reactivation of Colitis in Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Rat
Authors: Ige S. F. , Adio O. T. 
Published: July 2020

Aim: To evaluate the effect of restraint stress on the reactivation of ulcerative colitis in rats that have been chemically-induced with ulcerative colitis after allowing progression of natural healing to take place.
Study Design: 36 animals were used for this study, and were divided into three groups; control (group 1), colitis alone (group 2) and colitis + restraint stress (group 3).
Methodology: 36 healthy female wistar rats of weight of 170±20 were used. Colitis was induced by intra-rectal administration of 1 mL/100 g body weight of 7% acetic acid. Fourteen days post colitis induction, colitis + restraint stress group animals were exposed to restraint stress for six consecutive days while animals in colitis alone group were not. Colon levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH) concentration, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were measured spectrophometrically. Histological assessment was also done on the colon tissues.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, between April 2019 and August 2019.
Results: Colitis caused significant increase in the levels of GSH, SOD, CAT and MPO on the 3rd day. On the 14th day, group 2 showed lowered level of antioxidant activities (SOD and CAT) when compared with the 3rd day, while on the 20th day, group 3 animals exhibited increased levels of antioxidant activities (as well as increase in MDA and MPO) when compared to group 2 and group 1. Histological examination revealed cyst in the mucosal layer, infiltration of inflammatory cells and dilation of vessels in the colitis + restraint stress on the 20th day post colitis induction. Results are considered significant when p≤0.05.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that restraint stress is capable of reactivating and inhibiting colitis healing in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis rats.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of Some Pyrazolone Derivatives
Authors: Alam Faruk , Amin Ruhul 
Published: July 2020

A sequence of novel pyrazolone derivative was produced by the reaction of 2, 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (0.1 mol) and ethyl acetoacetate with benzaldehydes followed by hydrazine hydrate and finally treated with secondary amine and formaldehyde and the synthesized compounds were characterized by their physical properties (M.P and TLC) and UV, IR, 1HNMR, Mass spectroscopic studies respectively. The entire synthesized complex was tested for their anthelmintic, antimicrobial and haemostatic activity against gram-positive and gram-negative strains of bacteria and Eudrilus eugenia and human venous blood. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized pyrazolone derivatives was assessed by agar cup method. All the synthesized complexes were screened for the antimicrobial, athelmintic and haemostatic activity against some gram (+ve), Gram(-ve) organisms, Eudrilus eugenia and human venous blood. The complexes exhibited reasonable to upright activity when compared with the standard one.
Stratigraphy of the Bandas del Sur Formation: an extracaldera
record of Quaternary phonolitic explosive eruptions from the
Las Cañadas edifice, Tenerife (Canary Islands)
Authors: BRYAN S. E. , MARTÍ J. , CAS R. A. F. 
Published: July 2002

Explosive volcanism has dominated the large phonolitic shield volcano
of Tenerife, the Las
Cañadas edifice, for the last 1.5 m.y. Pyroclastic deposits of the
Bandas del Sur Formation are exposed
along the southern flanks, and record the last two of at least three long-term
cycles of caldera-forming
explosive eruptions. Each cycle began with flank fissure eruptions of alkali
basalt lava, followed by
minor eruptions of basanite to phonotephrite lavas. Minor phonotephritic
to phonolitic lava effusions
also occurred on the flanks of the edifice during the latter stages of
the second explosive cycle. Non-welded
plinian fall deposits and ignimbrites are the dominant explosive products
preserved on the
southern flanks. Of these, a significant volume has been dispersed offshore.
Many pyroclastic units of
the second explosive cycle exhibit compositional zonation. Banded pumice
occurs in most units of the
third (youngest) explosive cycle, and ignimbrites typically contain mixed
phenocryst assemblages,
indicating the role of magma mixing/mingling prior to eruption. At
least four major eruptions of the
third cycle began with phreatomagmatic activity, producing lithic-poor,
accretionary lapilli-bearing
fallout and/or surge deposits. The repeated, brief phase of phreatomagmatism
at the onset of these
eruptions is interpreted as reflecting an exhaustive water supply, probably
a small caldera lake that was
periodically established during the third cycle. Accidental syenite becomes
an increasingly important
lithic clast type in ignimbrites up-sequence, and is interpreted as recording
the progressive development
of a plutonic complex beneath the summit caldera.Successive eruptions during each explosive cycle increased in volume,
with the largest eruption
occurring at the end of the cycle. More than ten major explosive eruptions
vented moderately large
volumes (1−[ges ]10 km3) of phonolitic magma during the
last two cycles. Culminating each explosive
cycle was the emplacement of relatively large volume (>5−10 km3)
ignimbrites with coarse, vent-derived
lithic breccias, interpreted to record a major phase of caldera collapse.
In the extracaldera
record, explosive cycles are separated by ∼0.2 m.y. periods of non-explosive
activity. Repose periods
were characterized by erosion, remobilization of pyroclastic deposits by
discharge events, and pedogenesis.
The current period of non-explosive activity is characterized by the construction
of the Teide-Pico
Viejo stratovolcanic complex within the summit caldera. This suggests that
eruptive hiatuses in
the extracaldera record may reflect effusive activity and stratovolcano
or shield-building phases within
the summit caldera. Alternating effusive and explosive cycles have thus
been important in the volcanic
evolution of the Las Cañadas edifice.
IDEOLOGY AND THE ANCIEN RÉGIME
Authors: PARKER DAVID 
Published: July 2002

Politics, ideology and the law in early modern Europe: essays in honour of J. H. M. Salmon. Edited
by Adrianna E. Bakos. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 1994.
Pp. xii+343. ISBN 1-878822-39-X. £55.00.Changing identities in early modern France. Edited by Michael Wolfe. Durham and London:
Duke University Press, 1997. Pp. vii+390. ISBN 0-8223-1908-X. £42.50Royal and republican sovereignty in early modern Europe: essays in memory of Ragnhild Hatton.
Edited by Robert Oresko, G. C. Gibbs, and H. M. Scott. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1997. Pp. xxi+671. ISBN 0-521-41910-7. £70.00Images of kingship in early modern France. By Adrianna Bakos. London and New York:
Routledge, 1997. Pp. x+249. ISBN 0-415-15478-2. £52.50.
Climate change: a response surface study of the effects
of CO2 and temperature on the growth of beetroot, carrots and
onions
Authors: WURR D. C. E. , HAND D. W. , EDMONDSON R. N. , FELLOWS J. R. , HANNAH M. A. , CRIBB D. M. 
Published: July 2002

Ten daylit, controlled-environment cabinets were used to
investigate the possible impacts of global
rises in atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature
on beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), carrot
(Daucus carota L.) and bulb onion (Allium cepa L.)
plants. Their responses to CO2 concentrations of
350, 450, 550, 650 and 750 vpm and temperatures of 12, 13·5,
15, 16·5 and 18°C were examined by
using a fractional factorial design for the two treatment factors.
Use of the daylit cabinets allowed
the plants to be grown in natural light, common atmospheric humidities

(vpd 0·7 kPa) and non-limiting supplies of water and mineral nutrients.Polynomial models were used to summarize the whole plant dry weight
and fresh weight yield
responses and to indicate the potential impact of climate change.
Additionally, the models were used
to generate predictions of the percentage change in whole plant dry
weight and plant fresh weight
yield for the years 2025 and 2050 relative to 1992. Baseline values of

350 vpm for CO2 and a mean
temperature of 13·5°C for 1992 together with forecast
CO2 values of 407 and 442 vpm and
temperature increases of 0·7 and 1·1 C for 2025 and
2050 respectively were used. For 2025, fresh
weight yield changes of +19%, +9% and +13% were obtained for beetroot,
carrot and onion
crops respectively, while for 2050 the respective changes were +32%, +13%
and +21%.Measurements of the ratio of the maximum diameter of the bulb to the

minimum diameter of the
neck for onions showed that there was little or no influence of CO2,

whereas the effect of temperature
was substantial. Bulbing was accelerated by high temperature and was greatly
delayed at low
temperature. At temperatures <15°C, the delays to bulbing resulted
in the development of
undesirable, thick-necked onions which tended to remain green with erect
leaves. These results
suggest, therefore, that a warmer climate will be advantageous
for the commercial production of bulb onions in Britain.