bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe asthma assessment, management and the organisation of care in Australia and New Zealand: expert forum roundtable meetings
Authors: Maltby Steven , McDonald Vanessa M. , Upham John W. , Bowler Simon D. , Chung Li P. , Denton Eve J. , Fingleton James , Garrett Jeffrey , Grainge Christopher L. , Hew Mark , James Alan L. , Jenkins Christine , Katsoulotos Gregory , King Gregory G. , Langton David , Marks Guy B. , Menzies‐Gow Andrew , Niven Robert M. , Peters Matthew , Reddel Helen K. , Thien Francis , Thomas Paul S. , Wark Peter A. B. , Yap Elaine , Gibson Peter G. ,   Severe Asthma Expert Forum contributors
Published: February 2020

AbstractSevere asthma imposes a significant burden on individuals, families and the healthcare system. Treatment is complex, due to disease heterogeneity, comorbidities and complexity in care pathways. New approaches and treatments improve health outcomes for people with severe asthma. However, emerging multidimensional and targeted treatment strategies require a reorganisation of asthma care. Consensus is required on how reorganisation should occur and what areas require further research. The Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma convened three forums between 2015 and 2018, hosting experts from Australia, New Zealand and the UK. The forums were complemented by a survey of clinicians involved in the management of people with severe asthma. We sought to: (i) identify areas of consensus among experts; (ii) define activities and resources required for the implementation of findings into practice; and (iii) identify specific priority areas for future research. Discussions identified areas of unmet need including assessment and diagnosis of severe asthma, models of care and treatment pathways, add‐on treatment approaches and patient perspectives. We recommend development of education and training activities, clinical resources and standards of care documents, increased stakeholder engagement and public awareness campaigns and improved access to infrastructure and funding. Further, we propose specific future research to inform clinical decision‐making and develop novel therapies. A concerted effort is required from all stakeholders (including patients, healthcare professionals and organisations and government) to integrate new evidence‐based practices into clinical care and to advance research to resolve questions relevant to improving outcomes for people with severe asthma.
Elevated [CO2] and warming increase the macronutrient use efficiency and biomass of Stylosanthes capitata Vogel under field conditions
Authors: Carvalho Juliana Mariano , Barreto Rafael Ferreira , Prado Renato de Mello , Habermann Eduardo , Martinez Carlos Alberto , Branco Roberto Botelho Ferraz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStylosanthes capitata Vogel is a C3 forage legume widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical pastures. However, the nutrient dynamics of this species under future climate change is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the nutrient content, nutrient accumulation, nutrient use efficiency and growth of S. capitata exposed to increased [CO2] and temperature under field conditions using two levels of atmospheric [CO2] (ambient and elevated—600 ppm) and two canopy temperature (ambient and elevated—2°C). Treatments were applied at field conditions, for 30 days, using a free‐air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) and a free‐air temperature‐controlled enhancement (T‐FACE) systems. Warming showed no effects on macronutrient content, but increased the accumulation of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur, the nutrient use efficiency and root dry mass. Elevated [CO2] alone had no effect on most of the parameters evaluated. However, the combination of elevated [CO2] with warming improved the nutrient accumulation, nutrient use efficiency and whole‐plant growth more than under isolated conditions of elevated [CO2] or warming. Based on our short‐term results, we concluded that an increment of atmospheric [CO2] and temperature will benefit S. capitata growth, suggesting no alterations in the actual fertilizer programs for this species.
Contemporary range position predicts the range‐wide pattern of genetic diversity in balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.)
Authors: Gougherty Andrew V. , Chhatre Vikram E. , Keller Stephen R. , Fitzpatrick Matthew C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimPatterns of genetic diversity within species’ ranges can reveal important insights into effects of past climate on species’ biogeography and current population dynamics. While numerous biogeographic hypotheses have been proposed to explain patterns of genetic diversity within species’ ranges, formal comparisons and rigorous statistical tests of these hypotheses remain rare. Here, we compared seven hypotheses for their abilities to describe the geographic pattern of two metrics of genetic diversity in balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), a northern North American tree species.LocationNorth America.TaxonBalsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.).MethodsWe compared seven hypotheses, representing effects of past climate and current range position, for their ability to describe the geographic pattern of expected heterozygosity and per cent polymorphic loci across 85 populations of balsam poplar. We tested each hypothesis using spatial and non‐spatial least‐squares regression to assess the importance of spatial autocorrelation on model performance.ResultsWe found that both expected heterozygosity and per cent polymorphic loci could best be explained by the current range position and genetic structure of populations within the contemporary range. Genetic diversity showed a clear gradient of being highest near the geographic and climatic range centre and lowest near range edges. Hypotheses accounting for the effects of past climate (e.g. past climatic suitability, distance from the southern edge), in contrast, had comparatively little support. Model ranks were similar among spatial and non‐spatial models, but residuals of all non‐spatial models were significantly autocorrelated, violating the assumption of independence in least‐squares regression.Main conclusionsOur work adds strong support for the “Central‐Periphery Hypothesis” as providing a predictive framework for understanding the forces structuring genetic diversity across species’ ranges, and illustrates the value of applying a robust comparative model selection framework and accounting for spatial autocorrelation when comparing biogeographic models of genetic diversity.
Transitions between biomes are common and directional in Bombacoideae (Malvaceae)
Authors: Zizka Alexander , Carvalho‐Sobrinho Jefferson G. , Pennington R. Toby , Queiroz Luciano P. , Alcantara Suzana , Baum David A. , Bacon Christine D. , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo quantify evolutionary transitions between tropical evergreen rain forest and seasonally dry biomes, to test whether biome transitions affect lineage diversification and to examine the robustness of these results to methodological choices.LocationThe tropics.Time periodThe Cenozoic.Major taxa studiedThe plant subfamily Bombacoideae (Malvaceae).MethodsWe inferred ancestral biomes based on a fossil‐dated molecular phylogeny of 103 species (59% of the clade) and recorded the number of transitions among biomes using biogeographical stochastic mapping based on the dispersal‐extinction‐cladogenesis model. We then estimated diversification rates using state‐specific speciation and extinction rate (SSE) methods. Furthermore, we tested the sensitivity of the results to model choice, phylogenetic uncertainty, measurement error and biome definition.ResultsWe found numerous transitions from evergreen rain forest to seasonally dry biomes, and fewer in the opposite direction. These results were robust to methodological choices. Biome type did not influence diversification rates, although this result was subject to uncertainty, especially related to model choice and biome definition.Main conclusionsOur results contradict the idea of evolutionary biome conservatism in Bombacoideae, and support previous findings that evergreen rain forests serve as a source for the flora of seasonally dry biomes. The impact of biome classification and biome definition on the results suggest caution when using a biome concept for biogeographical reconstruction and diversification rate analysis.
A meta‐analysis of research on digital game‐based science learning
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Ling , Tsai Chin‐Chung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis meta‐analysis investigates the relative effectiveness of game‐based science learning against other instructional methods (Gameplay design) as well as against science game variants enriched with mechanisms (Game‐mechanism design). An overall medium effect size for Gameplay design (k = 14, Nes = 14, gRE = 0.646, p = .000), and an overall small‐to‐medium effect size for Game‐mechanism design (k = 12, Nes = 13, adjusted gRE = 0.270, p = .001) are reported. Further, the results of subgroup analyses suggest that students across educational levels all significantly benefit from game‐based science learning although there is no significant difference between the subgroup mean effects. Further, learning and gaming mechanisms play equal roles significantly increasing students' scientific knowledge gains. With these promising results, however, high variance within the subgroups of educational levels and those of gaming mechanisms indicate that gaming mechanisms should be developed with care to meet students' different needs in different educational levels.
Increased melanomacrophage centres in the liver of reproductively dysfunctional female greater amberjack Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810)
Authors: Passantino Letizia , Zupa Rosa , Pousis Chrysovalentinos , Mylonas Constantinos C. , Hala Edmond , Jirillo Emilio , Corriero Aldo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe greater amberjack Seriola dumerili is a new aquaculture fish that may display reproductive dysfunctions. During extensive follicular atresia, which is a common reproductive dysfunction in females during vitellogenesis, part of the reabsorbed yolk returns to the liver to be metabolized and recycled. Melanomacrophage centres (MMCs) are aggregates of macrophage‐like cells that play a role in the destruction, detoxification and recycling of endogenous and exogenous materials, and have been associated with systemic stress. Wild and captive‐reared greater amberjack were sampled in the Mediterranean Sea during two different phases of the reproductive cycle. The liver of reproductively dysfunctional captive‐reared females sampled during the spawning season showed a high density of both MMCs and apoptotic cells. A weak liver anti‐cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 1A immunoreactivity was observed, suggesting that the examined fish were not exposed to environmental pollutants. We propose that the observed increase in MMCs and apoptosis in captive‐reared fish was related to the hepatic overload associated to the metabolism of yolk proteins reabsorbed during extensive follicular atresia. Since follicular atresia is a frequent physiological and pathological event in teleosts, we suggest that the reproductive state should be always assessed when MMCs are used as markers of exposure to stress or pollutants.
OPTIMAL TIMING AND TERMS IN A VERTICAL MERGER WITH TWO SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Chen Zhuming , Zhang Sijia , Lin Tao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article we provide the optimal timing and equilibrium terms of a vertical merger with two sources of uncertainty in the production chain, namely, marginal cost of raw material and price level of final product. By eliminating monopoly power and transaction cost in the production process between upstream and downstream firms, a vertical merger can increase social welfare, which is consistent with the literature. The optimal threshold of a vertical merger is negatively correlated with transaction cost in the intermediate product market. Vertical mergers also accelerate when merging provides natural hedging for the postmerger firm, that is, when the correlation between the two uncertainties increases.
Preheart failure comorbidities and impact on prognosis in heart failure patients: a nationwide study
Authors: Christiansen M. N. , Køber L. , Torp‐Pedersen C. , Gislason G. H. , Schou M. , Smith J. G. , Vasan R. S. , Andersson C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundData regarding the impact of preheart failure (HF) comorbidities on the prognosis of HF are scarce, especially in the younger HF patients.ObjectivesTo investigate pre‐existing comorbidities in HF patients versus matched controls and to assess their impact on mortality.MethodsWe included all first‐time in‐hospital and outpatient diagnoses of HF from 1995 to 2017, and comorbidities antedating the HF‐diagnosis in the Danish nationwide registries. HF patients were matched with up to five controls. One‐year all‐cause mortality rates and population attributable risk (PAR) were estimated for three separate age groups (≤50, 51–74 and >74 years).ResultsTotally 280 002 patients with HF and 1 166 773 controls were included. Cardiovascular comorbidities, for example, cerebrovascular disease and ischaemic heart disease were more frequent in the oldest (17.9% and 29.7% in HF vs. 9.8% and 10.7% in controls) compared to the youngest age group (3.9% and 15.2% in HF vs. 0.7% and 0.9% in controls). Amongst patients with HF, 1‐year mortality rates (per 100 person‐years) were highest amongst those with >1 noncardiovascular comorbidity: ≤50 years (10.4; 9.64–11.3), 51–74 years (23.3; 22.9–23.7), >74 years (58.5; 57.9–59.0); hazard ratios 245.18 (141.45–424.76), 45.85 (42.77–49.15) and 24.5 (23.64–25.68) for those ≤50, 51–74 and >74 years, respectively. For HF patients ≤50 years, PAR was greatest for hypertension (17.8%), cancer (14.1%) and alcohol abuse (8.5%). For those aged >74 years, PAR was greatest for hypertension (23.6%), cerebrovascular disease (6.2%) and cancer (7.2%).ConclusionsHeart failure patients had a higher burden of pre‐existing comorbidities, compared to controls, which adversely impacted prognosis, especially in the young.
Proposing a conceptual framework of spiritual care competence for Chinese nurses
Authors: Cao Yuling , Kunaviktikul Wipada , Petrini Marcia , Sripusanapan Acharaporn 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSpiritual care competence of nurses is crucial to satisfy the spiritual needs of the clients, but the dearth of conceptual frameworks has hindered the clarification of the construct, especially for nurses in the People's Republic of China. This article developed a 3*3*3 matrix framework to clarify the components of spiritual care competence for Chinese nurses through the synthesis of existing empirical and theoretical work, which includes three aspects (awareness, understanding, and application) on three levels (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and transpersonal) of three contents of spirituality (namely, worldview, connectedness, and transcendence). The proposed framework can be used as a model to promote spiritual care competence of nurses in China. Adoption of the framework to guide studies would allow for the design of interventions for the attainment of this competence.
Coping with multiple chronic conditions: An integrative review
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Inder Kerry , Chan Sally Wai‐Chi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is a paucity of summarized evidence concerning coping with multiple chronic conditions. An integrative review approach was used to synthesize current evidence on: (i) coping in forms of perceptions and strategies, (ii) relationship between coping and health‐related outcomes, and (iii) factors related to coping. Five electronic databases were searched without time limitation. Thirty‐two studies met inclusion criteria and were included for full‐text review: 24 qualitative, seven quantitative, and one mixed‐methods study. Studies were assessed for quality using an appraisal system of rigor and relevance. A constant comparison method was used to synthesize findings from eligible studies. This review synthesized perceptions of multiple chronic conditions involving negative moods and physical limitations, and strategies of coping with multiple chronic conditions including problem‐ and emotion‐focused strategies. Findings suggested that coping is a promising path to manage multiple chronic conditions and emphasized that appropriate coping might have positive impacts on health‐related outcomes. Five impact factors including age, gender, clusters of multiple chronic conditions, social support, and ethnicity and culture were associated with people's coping. Future healthcare plans should address the physical and psychological needs of people with multiple chronic conditions and highlight the importance of modifying their illness perceptions and enhancing appropriate coping strategies.
Exploration of clients living with HIV needs for reporting on experiences with sex
Authors: Leyva‐Moral Juan M. , Feijoo‐Cid Maria , Torrella Domingo Ariadna , Planas Ribas Bibiana , Badia Royes Rosa , Martín Castillo Mario , Navarro Mercadé Jordi , Aguayo‐Gonzalez Mariela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTalking about sex with people living with HIV receives insufficient attention in health care. A cross‐sectional and exploratory study describes the preferences of people living with HIV to talk about sex with specialized HIV physicians and nurses in a clinic in Barcelona (Spain). A 27‐item self‐administered questionnaire was used between June 2017 and May 2018. One hundred fourteen people agreed to participate. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Most of the participants reported “never or almost never” having been asked about sex practices in visits with the HIV specialist physician (n = 65 [57.0%]) or nurse (n = 74 [64.9%]). Older participants stated that neither physicians nor nurses talked about sex during visits. Women felt that physicians hardly ever asked about their sexual practices. Men who had sex with other men indicated that their physicians always asked about their sex practices compared with heterosexuals living with HIV. Health professionals should reformulate how to talk about sex with people living with HIV to facilitate communication and provide adequate care.
Tracking of cutaneous vascular structural changes post‐UV irradiation using optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Ninomiya Masato , Hara Yusuke , Kubo Yoshihide , Yamashita Toyonobu , Katagiri Chika 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundUltraviolet (UV) irradiation to skin induces biological responses to protect and heal the wounded tissue. Cutaneous blood vessels play an important role in maintaining skin homeostasis, by inducing angiogenesis and vasodilation. However, the vascular dynamics in vivo, such as morphological changes over time and their depth dependency, are not fully understood.MethodsTen Asian males were enrolled in this study and received UV (UVA + UVB) irradiation at two minimal erythema dose (MED) to the inner upper arm. Changes in epidermal thickness and vascular structures associated with UV irradiation were evaluated over time for 28 days by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). This technique enables non‐invasive visualization of three‐dimensional vascular networks in human skin based on OCT assessment of skin structures with near‐infrared light.ResultsNotable dilation of vascular structures and increases in epidermal thickness were observed after UV irradiation. Vessel density was markedly increased from the papillary dermis to the upper reticular dermis at a depth of 200 µm. These increases in vascular density showed significant persistence even at 28 days after UV irradiation.ConclusionWe visualized the vascular structural changes caused by UV irradiation and revealed that the effects of a single UV irradiation at 2 MED persisted for up to 28 days after exposure. The OCTA technique allows not only the in situ assessment of micro‐vasculature in human skin but also its monitoring of vascular dynamics over time.
You Don't Always Get What You Want: The Effect of Financial Incentives on State Fiscal Health
Authors: McDonald Bruce D. , Decker J. W. , Johnson Brad A. M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGovernments frequently use financial incentives to encourage the creation, expansion, or relocation of businesses within their borders. Research on financial incentives gives little clarity as to what impact these incentives may have on governments. While incentives may draw in more economic growth, they also pull resources from government coffers, and they may commit governments to future funding for public services that benefit the incentivized businesses. The authors use a panel of 32 states and data from 1990 to 2015 to understand how incentives affect states’ fiscal health. They find that after controlling for the governmental, political, economic, and demographic characteristics of states, incentives draw resources away from states. Ultimately, the results show that financial incentives negatively affect the overall fiscal health of states.
Power corrupts (or does it?): An examination of the boundary conditions of the antisocial effects of experienced power
Authors: Foulk Trevor A. , Chighizola Nicolais , Chen Gilad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne of the most common conclusions in the power literature is that when people feel powerful, they behave in selfish and antisocial ways. While this conclusion tends to permeate the literature, research also recognizes that there are factors that can mitigate the corrupting nature of power, and that the experience of power may also lead to more positive and prosocial outcomes. In this article, we review findings that illustrate how individual differences, the contexts in which people experience power, and their construal of power all help determine how powerful people will ultimately behave toward others. We then consider these findings in totality, and suggest that they may articulate a more complex conceptualization of power as it relates to social behaviors. Specifically, we suggest considering not only the amount of power one has but also focusing on the way individuals experience power may provide a way to reconcile the disparate findings in the social power literature. We argue that research should expand upon the possible dualistic nature of power, and how the existence of both positive and negative construals of power can influence behaviors.
Counting Higgs bundles and type quiver bundles
Authors: Mozgovoy Sergey , Schiffmann Olivier 
Published: February 2020

We prove a closed formula counting semistable twisted (or meromorphic) Higgs bundles of fixed rank and degree over a smooth projective curve of genus$g$defined over a finite field, when the twisting line bundle degree is at least$2g-2$(this includes the case of usual Higgs bundles). This yields a closed expression for the Donaldson–Thomas invariants of the moduli spaces of twisted Higgs bundles. We similarly deal with twisted quiver sheaves of type $A$(finite or affine), obtaining in particular a Harder–Narasimhan-type formula counting semistable$U(p,q)$-Higgs bundles over a smooth projective curve defined over a finite field.