bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning the blending spikes using sparse dictionaries
Authors: Chen Yangkang , Zu Shaohuan , Chen Wei , Zhang Mi , Guan Zhe 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYDeblending plays an important role in preparing high-quality seismic data from modern blended simultaneous-source seismic acquisition. State-of-the-art deblending is based on the sparsity-constrained iterative inversion. Inversion-based deblending assumes that the ambient noise level is low and the data misfit during iterative inversion accounts for the random ambient noise. The traditional method becomes problematic when the random ambient noise becomes extremely strong and the inversion iteratively fits the random noise instead of the signal and blending interference. We propose a constrained inversion model that takes the strong random noise into consideration and can achieve satisfactory result even when strong random noise exists. The principle of this new method is that we use sparse dictionaries to learn the blending spikes and thus the learned dictionary atoms are able to distinguish between blending spikes and random noise. The separated signal and blending spikes can then be better fitted by the iterative inversion framework. Synthetic and field data examples are used to demonstrate the performance of the new approach.
Least-squares decomposition with time–space constraint for denoising microseismic data
Authors: Chen Yangkang , Chen Wei , Wang Yufeng , Bai Min 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARY
Microseismic data are usually of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which makes it difficult to utilize the microseismic waveforms for imaging and inversion. We develop a useful denoising algorithm based on a non-stationary least-squares decomposition model to enhance the quality of microseismic signals. The microseismic signals are assumed to be represented by a superposition of several smoothly variable components. We construct a least-squares inverse problem to solve for the the smooth components. We constrain the least-squares inversion via both time and space constraints. The temporal smoothness constraint is applied to ensure the stability when calculating the non-stationary autoregression coefficients. The space-smoothness constraint is applied to extract the spatial correlation among multichannel microseismic traces. The new algorithm is validated via several synthetic and real microseismic data and are proved to be effective. Comparison with the state-of-the-art algorithms demonstrates that the proposed method is more powerful in suppressing random noise of a wide range of levels than its competing methods.
Regularity of the Dirichlet Problem for the Non-degenerate Complex Quotient Equations
Authors: Zhang Qiqi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We study the solvability for the Dirichlet problem of a class of fully nonlinear elliptic equations over complex domains in $\textbf{C}^n$. The equations are in the form of the linear combinations of the elementary symmetric functions of the Hessian matrix of the unknown functions, which include the complex Hessian equations and quotient equations as special cases.
Newborns With Zika Virus-Associated Microcephaly Exhibit Marked Systemic Inflammatory Imbalance
Authors: Vinhaes Caian L , Arriaga María B , de Almeida Breno L , Oliveira João V , Santos Cleiton S , Calcagno Juan I , Carvalho Tereza X , Giovanetti Marta , Alcantara Luiz Carlos J , de Siqueira Isadora C , Andrade Bruno B 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundZika virus (ZIKV) is an emergent flavivirus initially considered a benign and self-limited exanthematic illness. In 2015, a new epidemic emerged in northeastern of Brazil with increased incidence of a previously rare clinical outcome, microcephaly, in newborns from mothers who were infected during pregnancy. Little is known about the immunopathogenesis of ZIKV-associated microcephaly. Understanding the inflammatory profile and degree of inflammation of persons affected with such condition is an important step towards development of innovative therapeutic strategies.MethodsA case-control study compared plasma levels of several inflammatory biomarkers from newborns with ZIKV microcephaly, asymptomatic ZKV infection, or uninfected controls. Plasma biomarkers were assessed using Luminex. A series of multidimensional analysis was performed to characterize the systemic immune activation profile of the clinical groups.ResultsWe identified an inflammatory signature associated with ZIKV microcephaly that suggested an increased inflammation. Network analysis suggested that ZIKV microcephaly is associated with imbalanced immune activation and inflammation. The cephalic perimeter was inversely proportional with the degree of inflammatory perturbation. Furthermore, a combination of plasma inflammatory biomarkers could discriminate ZIKV with microcephaly from those with ZIKV without microcephaly or uninfected neonates.ConclusionsAn intense inflammatory imbalance that is proportional to the disease severity hallmarks ZIKV microcephaly.
Telehealth transformation: COVID-19 and the rise of virtual care
Authors: Wosik Jedrek , Fudim Marat , Cameron Blake , Gellad Ziad F , Cho Alex , Phinney Donna , Curtis Simon , Roman Matthew , Poon Eric G , Ferranti Jeffrey , Katz Jason N , Tcheng James 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered our economy, society, and healthcare system. While this crisis has presented the U.S. healthcare delivery system with unprecedented challenges, the pandemic has catalyzed rapid adoption of telehealth, or the entire spectrum of activities used to deliver care at a distance. Using examples reported by U.S. healthcare organizations, including ours, we describe the role that telehealth has played in transforming healthcare delivery during the 3 phases of the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic: (1) stay-at-home outpatient care, (2) initial COVID-19 hospital surge, and (3) postpandemic recovery. Within each of these 3 phases, we examine how people, process, and technology work together to support a successful telehealth transformation. Whether healthcare enterprises are ready or not, the new reality is that virtual care has arrived.
Effects of an F18 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge on growth performance, immunological status, and gastrointestinal structure of weaned pigs and the potential protective effect of direct-fed microbial blends
Authors: Becker Spenser L , Li Qingyun , Burrough Eric R , Kenne Danielle , Sahin Orhan , Gould Stacie A , Patience John F 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the impact of an F18 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) challenge on growth performance, aspects of intestinal function, and selected immune responses of piglets, as well as to evaluate potential protective effects of direct-fed microbial (DFM) blends. Seventy-two weaned piglets (6.4 ± 0.2 kg body weight [BW]; ~21 d of age) were assigned to one of four treatments: 1) NC: Nonchallenged (n = 10), 2) positive challenged control (PC): F18 ETEC-challenged (n = 10), 3) PC + DFM1 (n = 8; three strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; 7.5 × 105 colony-forming units [cfu]/g), or 4) PC + DFM2 (n=8; 2 strains of B. amyloliquefaciens and one strain of Bacillus subtilis; 1.5 × 105 cfu/g). Feed intake and BW were recorded on day 0, 7, and 17. Pigs were sham-infected either with 6 mL phosphate-buffered saline or inoculated with 6 mL F18 ETEC (~1.9 × 109 cfu/mL) on day 7 (0 d postinoculation [dpi]). All ETEC-challenged pigs were confirmed to be genetically susceptible to F18. Pigs had ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the 17-d trial. Fecal scores were visually ranked and rectal temperatures were recorded daily. To evaluate ETEC shedding, fecal swabs were collected on dpi 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10. Blood samples were collected on dpi 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, and 10. Ileal tissues were collected at necropsy on dpi 10. All challenged treatments had lower final BW, decreased average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the 10-d postchallenge period (P &lt; 0.01). The DFM2 treatment increased E. coli shedding on dpi 2 and decreased iton dpi 7 (P &lt; 0.05) compared with the PC. Rectal temperature decreased across all challenged treatments (P &lt; 0.01). Ileal mRNA abundance of occludin (OCLN) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) decreased in PC and DFM1 compared with NC (P &lt; 0.05). Pigs fed DFM2 had intermediate ileal mRNA abundance of OCLN and increased ZO-1 mRNA compared with pigs in PC (P &lt; 0.05). Interleukin 8 (IL-8) increased in the plasma of PC and DFM2 on dpi 2 compared with NC (P &lt; 0.05). Mucosal IL-8 increased in PC compared with NC (P &lt; 0.05). All challenged treatments tended to have elevated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA abundance compared with NC (P &lt; 0.10). Challenged pigs had reduced secretory immunoglobulin A and villus height compared with NC pigs (P &lt; 0.05). The impact of an ETEC challenge on intestinal function and the immune system has been revealed, information critical to developing improved treatment regimes.
Predominant secretion of cellobiohydrolases and endo-β-1,4-glucanases in nutrient-limited medium by Aspergillus spp. isolated from subtropical field
Authors: Kyu May Thin , Nishio Shunsuke , Noda Koki , Dar Bay , Aye San San , Matsuda Tsukasa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Biological degradation of cellulose from dead plants in nature and plant biomass from agricultural and food-industry waste is important for sustainable carbon recirculation. This study aimed at searching diverse cellulose-degrading systems of wild filamentous fungi and obtaining fungal lines useful for cellooligosaccharide production from agro-industrial wastes. Fungal lines with cellulolytic activity were screened and isolated from stacked rice straw and soil in subtropical fields. Among 13 isolated lines, in liquid culture with a nutrition-limited cellulose-containing medium, four lines of Aspergillus spp. secreted 50–60 kDa proteins as markedly dominant components and gave clear activity bands of possible endo-β-1,4-glucanase in zymography. Mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis of the dominant components identified three endo-β-1,4-glucanases (GH5, GH7 and GH12) and two cellobiohydrolases (GH6 and GH7). Cellulose degradation by the secreted proteins was analysed by LC-MS-based measurement of derivatized reducing sugars. The enzymes from the four Aspergillus spp. produced cellobiose from crystalline cellulose and cellotriose at a low level compared with cellobiose. Moreover, though smaller than that from crystalline cellulose, the enzymes of two representative lines degraded powdered rice straw and produced cellobiose. These fungal lines and enzymes would be effective for production of cellooligosaccharides as cellulose degradation-intermediates with added value other than glucose.
Seasonality in the production of male larvae: a game model for parasitic barnacles (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala)
Authors: Yamaguchi Sachi , Iwasa Yoh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe male larvae of many parasitic barnacles are planktonic and are seasonally released. To achieve reproductive success, a male must be accepted by a receptive female that has successfully infected a host. To understand the seasonality of the breeding biology of parasitic barnacles, we developed an evolutionary game theoretical model for the seasonal pattern in the production of male larvae. Assumptions are that female parasitic barnacles become receptive following a given seasonal pattern. The parental females (mothers) choose the timing of producing their own male larvae to achieve maximum reproductive success. In the evolutionarily stable seasonal pattern, the production of male larvae often shows a sharp peak on a single day, indicating strongly synchronized production of male larvae, even when the supply of receptive females is distributed over the breeding season. When the total number of male larvae is large, the evolutionarily stable male production pattern may include multiple peaks, but it never shows a continuous distribution. This is very different from the game model previously developed for the emergence pattern of butterflies, where evolutionarily stable male emergence is always continuously distributed over a fraction of the mating season. As planktonic larvae, male parasitic barnacles have a naturally limited ability to find receptive females, and females may stay receptive for many days, whereas in butterflies, newly emerged females are mated within a day of their emergence.
Efficacy of Seven Commercial Household Aerosol Insecticides and Formulation-Dependent Toxicity Against Asian Tiger Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Yoon Junho , An Huijun , Kim Namjin , Tak Jun-Hyung 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
For the indoor and outdoor pest controls, various types of insecticide formulations are available including aerosols, sprays, electric vaporizers, mosquito coils, and traps. In the present study, the insecticidal activity of aerosols, the most commonly used formulation of household insecticides for mosquito control, against Aedes albopictus (Skuse) was assessed using seven commercial products and some attributes which can affect the efficacy of aerosol were investigated as well. The products had difference in their chemical composition of active ingredients, propellant/liquid phase ratios, solvent types, and nozzle orifice sizes, and these characteristics seem to affect the overall insecticidal activity. In general, solvent type dominantly determined the insecticidal activity, where four products in oil-based solvent system showed greater mortality (97.5% in average) than water-based aerosols (38.3% in average) against the mosquitoes located at the far side of the test chamber. The contribution of solvent type and nozzle orifice size were further examined with the sample aerosols, and the orifice size were determined more influential to the spray distance. Regardless of solvent types, the sample products attached to a bigger actuator (0.96 mm in diameter) showed greater knock-down activity (&gt;98%) than the smaller ones (0.48 mm, 62.5% in average) to the back panel in the chamber. On the other hand, solvent system significantly affected the residual activity, as the oil-based and water-based aerosols showed 2.3- and 4.8-fold decrease in KT50 values, respectively, between 1 and 10 min after the spray.
Gender and Prosecutorial Discretion: An Empirical Assessment
Authors: Baker Daniel Brice , Hassan Shahidul 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article contributes to our understanding of the role of gender in the exercise of prosecutorial discretion. We use administrative data from a prosecutor’s office in a large urban county to estimate the direct and interactive effects of defendant and prosecutor gender on accepting initial charges brought by law enforcement officials. After implementing coarsened exact matching, Probit regression results suggest that prosecutors, on average, are more likely to accept charges against male defendants. In scenarios where gender is salient to decision making (i.e., in domestic violence and sexual assault cases), we find mixed evidence regarding whether female prosecutors make decisions differently than male prosecutors, as predicted by the theory of representative bureaucracy. Finally, we find that female prosecutors with higher levels of prosecutorial experience are more likely to accept domestic violence and sexual assault charges against male defendants than both their male counterparts and female prosecutors with limited experience. Our results suggest that female prosecutors reserve their discretion for complex scenarios where organizational routines are less set in stone. Furthermore, female prosecutors with more experience may be more able to identify these scenarios, and are thus more likely to actively represent.
Uncovering the role of a positive selection site of wax ester synthase/diacylglycerol acyltransferase in two closely related Stipa species in wax ester synthesis under drought stress
Authors: Yang Yunqiang , Zhou Zhili , Li Yan , Lv Yanqiu , Yang Danni , Yang Shihai , Wu Jianshuang , Li Xiong , Gu Zhijia , Sun Xudong , Yang Yongping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Natural selection drives local adaptations of species to biotic or abiotic environmental stresses. As a result, adaptive phenotypic divergence can evolve among related species living in different habitats. However, the genetic foundation of this divergence process remains largely unknown. Two closely related alpine grass species, Stipa capillacea and Stipa purpurea, are distributed in different rainfall regions of northern Tibet. Here, we analyzed the drought tolerance of these two closely related Stipa species, and found that S. purpurea was more resistance to drought stress than S. capillacea. To further understand the genetic diversity behind their adaptation to drought environments, a comprehensive gene repertoire was generated using PacBio isoform and Illumina RNA sequencing technologies. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that differential transcripts were mainly enriched in the wax synthetic pathway, and a threonine residue at position 239 of WSD1 was identified as having undergone positive selection in S. purpurea. Using heterologous expression in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant H1246, site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated that a positive selection site results in changes to the wax esters profile. This difference may play an important role in S. purpurea in response to drought conditions, indicating that S. purpurea has evolved specific strategies involving its wax biosynthetic pathway as part of its long-term adaptation to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.
Improved Hemodynamic Recovery and 72-Hour Survival Following Low-Volume Resuscitation with a PEGylated Carboxyhemoglobin in a Rat Model of Severe Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Macko Antoni , Sheppard Forest R , Nugent William H , Abuchowski Abe , Song Bjorn K 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroduction: Hemorrhage is a leading cause of death from potentially survivable civilian and military trauma. As projected conflicts move from settings of tactical and logistical supremacy to hyper-dynamic tactical zones against peer and near-peer adversaries, protracted medical evacuation times are expected. Treatment at the point-of-injury is critical. Although crystalloids like Lactated Ringer’s (LR) are ubiquitous, whole blood (WB) is the preferred resuscitation fluid following hemorrhage; however, logistical constraints limit the availability of WB in prehospital settings. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) offer both hemodynamic support and oxygen-carrying capacity while avoiding logistical constraints of WB. We hypothesized that low-volume resuscitation of severe hemorrhagic shock with an HBOC (PEGylated carboxyhemoglobin, [PC]) would improve hemodynamic recovery and 72-hour survival; comparable to WB and superior to LR. Materials and Methods: A total of 21 anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent severe hemorrhagic shock followed by randomly assigned low-volume resuscitation with LR, WB, or PC, and then recovered from anesthesia for up to 72-hour observation. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded continuously under anesthesia, and arterial blood gases were measured at baseline (BL), 60 minutes post-hemorrhage (HS1h), and 24 hours post-resuscitation (PR24h). Survival was presented on a Kaplan–Meier plot and significance determined with a log-rank test. Cardiovascular and blood gas data were assessed with one-way analysis of variance and post hoc analysis where appropriate. Results: All measured cardiovascular and blood chemistry parameters were equivalent between groups at BL and HS1h. BL MAP values were 90 ± 3, 86 ± 1, and 89 ± 2 mmHg for LR, PC, and WB, respectively. Immediately following resuscitation, MAP values were 57 ± 4, 74 ± 5, and 62 ± 3 mmHg, with PC equivalent to WB and higher than LR (P &lt; 0.05). WB and LR were both lower than BL (P &lt; 0.0001), whereas PC was not (P = 0.13). The PC group’s survival to 72 hours was 57%, which was not different from WB (43%) and higher than LR (14%; P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: A single bolus infusion of PC produced superior survival and MAP response compared to LR, which is the standard fluid resuscitant carried by combat medics. PC was not different from WB in terms of survival and MAP, which is encouraging because its reduced logistical constraints make it viable for field deployment. These promising findings warrant further development and investigation of PC as a low-volume, early treatment for hemorrhagic shock in scenarios where blood products may not be available.
Searching for Galactic micro-FRB with lunar scattering
Authors: Katz J I 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Does the Galaxy contain sources of micro-fast radio burst (FRB), lower energy events resembling the known FRB but detectable only at Galactic distances? The answer to this question is essential to determining the nature of FRB sources. At typical (10 kpc) Galactic distances a burst would be about 117 dB brighter than at a ‘cosmological’ (z = 1) distance. The radiation of Galactic micro-FRB, if they exist, could be detected after Lunar reflection, or an upper bound on their rate set, by a modest (20 m at 1.4 GHz) radio telescope staring at the Moon. It would have all-sky sensitivity. The delay between detection of direct (by STARE2 or dipoles) and Lunar-scattered radiation would restrict a burst’s position to a narrow arc.
Photometric properties of reionization-epoch galaxies in the simba simulations
Authors: Wu Xiaohan , Davé Romeel , Tacchella Sandro , Lotz Jennifer 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the photometric properties and sizes of the reionization-epoch galaxies in high-resolution simba cosmological hydrodynamical simulations with box sizes of $[25,50]\, h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}$. Assuming various attenuation laws, we compute photometry by extincting each star particle’s spectrum using the line-of-sight gas metal column density. The predicted ultraviolet luminosity function (UVLF) generally agrees with observations at z = 6, owing to a partial cancellation between the high metallicities of the simulated galaxies and lower dust-to-metal ratios. The simulated z = 8 UVLF is low compared to observations, likely owing to excessive dust extinction. simba predicts UV continuum slopes (β) in agreement with the z = 6 observations, with the best agreement obtained using a Calzetti extinction law. Interestingly, the gas-phase mass–metallicity relation in simba is higher at z ∼ 6 than at z ∼ 2, suggesting that rapid early enrichment (and dust growth) might be necessary to match the observed β. We find that β is more sensitive to the dust extinction law than the UVLF. By generating mock James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) images and analysing in a manner similar to observations, we show that simba’s galaxy size–luminosity relation well reproduces the current z = 6 Hubble observations. Unlike observations at lower redshifts, simba predicts similar rest-UV and rest-optical sizes of z = 6 galaxies, owing to weak age gradients and dust extinction in star-forming regions counteract each other to weaken the colour gradients within galaxies. These predictions will be testable with JWST.