bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The First Step Is to Bring It Into Our Hands:” Wild Seed Conservation, the Stewardship of Species Survival, and Gardening the Anthropocene at the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership
Authors: Lewis‐Jones Kay E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractConserving wild plant seeds at the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership (MSBP) provides insurance by facilitating the reintroduction of threatened species. However, seed bank collections also provide an easily accessible resource for research into innovative conservation approaches and the adaptive management of natural resources and landscapes. In this regard, the MSBP corresponds with an emerging body of practice dubbed “New Conservation” that responds to the environmental implications of the Anthropocene and introduces the prospect of “gardening” nature. By examining the attitudes expressed by seed bank staff in the UK and United States. This article illustrates their awareness of the tension between the need to mitigate species extinction and the anthropocentrically governed, or gardened, form that the species’ survival might subsequently take. Those within the MSBP were often thoughtfully engaged with the ideological questions their practice raises. However, external expectations of what seed bank collections facilitate, such as those of funders, will also impact how these collections are used. These expectations present selective pressures that risk limiting and thus filtering which species are reintroduced from the bank and the form in which their place in the world is forged.
Biogeography and conservation status of the pineapple family (Bromeliaceae)
Authors: Zizka Alexander , Azevedo Josue , Leme Elton , Neves Beatriz , da Costa Andrea Ferreira , Caceres Daniel , Zizka Georg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo provide distribution information and preliminary conservation assessments for all species of the pineapple family (Bromeliaceae), one of the most diverse and ecologically important plant groups of the American tropics—a global biodiversity hotspot. Furthermore, we aim to analyse patterns of diversity, endemism and the conservation status of the Bromeliaceae on the continental level in the light of their evolutionary history.LocationThe Americas.MethodsWe compiled a dataset of occurrence records for 3,272 bromeliad species (93.4% of the family) and modelled their geographic distribution using either climate‐based species distribution models, convex hulls or geographic buffers dependent on the number of occurrences available. We then combined this data with information on taxonomy and used the ConR software for a preliminary assessment of the conservation status of all species following Criterion B of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).ResultsOur results stress the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil, the Andean slopes, Central America and the Guiana Highlands as centres of bromeliad diversity and endemism. Phylogenetically ancient subfamilies of bromeliads are centred in the Guiana highlands whereas the large radiations of the group spread across different habitats and large geographic area. A total of 81% of the evaluated bromeliad species are Possibly Threatened with extinction. We provide range polygons for 3,272 species, as well as newly georeferenced point localities for 911 species in the novel “bromeliad” r package, together with functions to generate diversity maps for individual taxonomic or functional groups.Main conclusionsDiversity centres of the Bromeliaceae agreed with macroecological patterns of other plant and animal groups, but show some particular patterns related to the evolutionary origin of the family, especially ancient dispersal corridors. A staggering 2/3rds of Bromeliaceae species might be threatened with extinction, especially so in tropical rain forests, raising concerns about the conservation of the family and bromeliad‐dependent animal species.
Blue laser imaging and linked color imaging improve the color difference value and visibility of colorectal polyps in underwater conditions
Authors: Yamasaki Yasushi , Harada Keita , Yamamoto Shumpei , Yasutomi Eriko , Okanoue Shotaro , Hirai Mami , Oka Shohei , Obayashi Yuka , Sakae Hiroyuki , Hamada Kenta , Inokuchi Toshihiro , Kinugasa Hideaki , Sugihara Yuusaku , Takahara Masahiro , Tanaka Takehiro , Hiraoka Sakiko , Kawahara Yoshiro , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2019

Background and AimUnderwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) has become widespread for treating colorectal polyps. However, which observational mode is best suited for determining polyp margins underwater remains unclear. To determine the best mode, we analyzed three imaging modes: white light imaging (WLI), blue laser imaging (BLI) and linked color imaging (LCI).MethodsImages of consecutive colorectal polyps previously examined by these three modes before UEMR were analyzed according to the degree of underwater turbidity (transparent or cloudy). Color differences between the polyps and their surroundings were calculated using the Commission Internationale d’Eclairage Lab color space in which 3‐D color parameters were expressed. Eight evaluators, who were blinded to the histology, scored the visibility from one (undetectable) to four (easily detectable) in both underwater conditions. The color differences and visibility scores were compared.ResultsSeventy‐three polyps were evaluated. Sixty‐one polyps (44 adenomatous, 17 serrated) were observed under transparent conditions, and 12 polyps (seven adenomatous, five serrated) were observed under cloudy conditions. Under transparent conditions, color differences for the BLI (8.5) and LCI (7.9) were significantly higher than that of WLI (5.7; P < 0.001). Visibility scores for BLI (3.6) and LCI (3.4) were also higher than that of WLI (3.1; P < 0.0001). Under cloudy conditions, visibility scores for LCI (2.9) and WLI (2.7) were significantly higher than that of BLI (2.2; P < 0.0001 and P = 0.04, respectively).ConclusionsBLI and LCI were better observational modes in transparent water; however, BLI was unsuitable for cloudy conditions.
Predicting educational achievement from genomic measures and socioeconomic status
Authors: von Stumm Sophie , Smith‐Woolley Emily , Ayorech Ziada , McMillan Andrew , Rimfeld Kaili , Dale Philip S. , Plomin Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe two best predictors of children's educational achievement available from birth are parents’ socioeconomic status (SES) and, recently, children's inherited DNA differences that can be aggregated in genome‐wide polygenic scores (GPS). Here, we chart for the first time the developmental interplay between these two predictors of educational achievement at ages 7, 11, 14 and 16 in a sample of almost 5,000 UK school children. We show that the prediction of educational achievement from both GPS and SES increases steadily throughout the school years. Using latent growth curve models, we find that GPS and SES not only predict educational achievement in the first grade but they also account for systematic changes in achievement across the school years. At the end of compulsory education at age 16, GPS and SES, respectively, predict 14% and 23% of the variance of educational achievement. Analyses of the extremes of GPS and SES highlight their influence and interplay: In children who have high GPS and come from high SES families, 77% go to university, whereas 21% of children with low GPS and from low SES backgrounds attend university. We find that the associations of GPS and SES with educational achievement are primarily additive, suggesting that their joint influence is particularly dramatic for children at the extreme ends of the distribution.
Trump, Kierkegaard, and a nation divided
Authors: Thompson Curtis L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article depicts the United States as a nation divided, as it suffers from two major deficiencies: in societal income equality and in individual formation of selves. It offers reflections on how Søren Kierkegaard's writings and those of Kierkegaard‐world are a resource for critiquing Donald Trump and addressing the disruption and divisiveness he and Trump‐world are bringing to America's national life. Contours of a theological ethic focusing on the formation of ethical selves are delineated and examples of practicing resurrection are given.
Use of echocardiography as an essential tool for targeted transcatheter biopsy of cardiac masses
Authors: Prejean Shane P. , Ahmed Mohamed K. , Salama Ahmed Y. , Akdogan Raziye E. , Hull Matthew S. , Watts T. Evan , Abu Daya Hussein , Bajaj Navkaranbir , Nanda Navin C. , Ahmed Mustafa , Von Mering Gregory 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEchocardiography has emerged as an essential tool to guide targeted, transcatheter biopsy of cardiac masses. Options for imaging include transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography and intracardiac echocardiography, with appropriate use being dictated by specific patient characteristics and institutional experience. The authors present a case of three‐dimensional (3‐D) transesophageal echocardiography‐guided transcatheter biopsy of a right ventricular mass and review the current use of echocardiography to guide these procedures.
Common carotid artery kinking is a predictor of cardiovascular events: A long‐term follow‐up study using carotid ultrasonography
Authors: Iwai‐Takano Masumi , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Ohira Tetsuya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundKinking of the internal carotid artery is a cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. However, it remains unclear as to whether kinking of the common carotid artery (CCA) can also predict CV events. We conducted a long‐term follow‐up study to examine whether CCA kinking as assessed by carotid ultrasonography is a predictor of CV events in asymptomatic patients with CV risk factors.MethodsWe enrolled 598 patients (mean age, 66.8 ± 11.8 years) who were divided into two groups according to CCA kinking severity: kinking of 0–29° (Group I); and kinking at ≥30° (Group II). We assessed whether CCA kinking predicts CV events during follow‐up.ResultsA total of 91 CV events were observed during the follow‐up period (median, 124 months). Hypertension (P < .0001), prior CV events (P < .0001), CCA kinking (P < .0001), intima‐media thickness (P < .0001), and max plaque score (P < .0001) were significantly higher in patients with CV events than those without. The age‐adjusted hazard ratio of CCA kinking for CV events was 3.42 (95% CI: 2.2–5.3) in Group II compared to Group I. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that CCA kinking (HR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.97–4.67), prior CV events (HR: 2.53 95% CI: 1.604.00), hypertension (HR: 2.19 95% CI: 1.17–4.57), and age (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.07) were independent predictors of CV events.ConclusionCCA kinking is a powerful independent predictor of CV events in asymptomatic patients with CV risk factors.
“An imprisoned heart” arrested by pillory of calcified ring surrounding both ventricles: An extremely rare case of constrictive pericarditis
Authors: Sumimoto Keiko , Matsumoto Kensuke , Izawa Yu , Mori Shunpei , Tanaka Hidekazu , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report the case of a 63‐year‐old man who was admitted to our hospital due to progressive dyspnea and leg edema. Echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography revealed localized severe pericardial calcification surrounding the basal segments of both ventricles, which caused pericardial constriction. Right heart catheter examination confirmed typical hemodynamic findings of constrictive pericarditis and subsequently led to the definite diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis. We experienced a rare case of localized constrictive pericarditis caused by the thickened and calcified pericardial ring. Non‐invasive and invasive multimodality evaluations should be encouraged for accurate diagnosis and better management of these cases.
Learning about dental trauma for medical students
Authors: Yeng Thai , O’Sullivan Anthony J. , Shulruf Boaz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe literature identifies that medical students receive little or no formal dental trauma assessment and management teaching during medical school. The result of this is that many medical doctors are unaware of the urgency of emergency dental trauma care for patients. To bridge this important gap in medical education, medical educators should look to introduce basic dental trauma teaching into undergraduates’ final year of medical school. This initiative would benefit medical doctors in either general medical practice or specialties that assess and manage trauma. This opinion article aims to present the authors’ reasons for strongly supporting dental trauma teaching being included and suggests an e‐learning approach for its integration into the medical education curriculum.
Salinity cascading and predator effects on consumer and producer community structure: a mesocosm experiment
Authors: Silberbush Alon , Blaustein Leon 
Published: November 2019

1. An observed community structure is often shaped by a combination of bottom‐top and top‐bottom processes, affected by biotic and abiotic factors. These factors affect community structure either directly (each species separately) or indirectly, via other species. Few studies have observed the combined effects of biotic and abiotic factors on primary producers and consumer communities composed of numerous species.2. This study investigated the combined effects of a predatory hemipteran and water salinity on abundance and species richness of the periphyton and arthropod communities in an artificial pool experiment.3. The abundance and species richness of both periphyton and arthropod communities were affected by the combination of salinity and predator.4. It is suggested that the observed consumer community is composed of arthropod species that vary in salinity tolerance and response to the predator. In addition, the abundance of euryhaline species or species that are not consumed by this particular predator increases indirectly in specific treatment combinations that eventually result in reduced interspecific competition. Periphyton variables were strongly correlated to densities of larval Ochlerotatus caspius (Diptera: Culicidae), suggesting that this species may be largely responsible for structuring the producer community.5. It is suggested that O. caspius distribution is the result of female oviposition habitat selection that is manipulated by chemical signals. Therefore, chemical signals that inform about habitat suitability also play an important role in shaping both consumer and primary producer communities.
The “Parma—Early Psychosis” program: General description and process analysis after 5 years of clinical activity
Authors: Leuci Emanuela , Quattrone Emanuela , Pellegrini Pietro , Pelizza Lorenzo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimFrom January 2013, the Parma Department of Mental Health developed a specific protocol of care (the “Parma—Early Psychosis” [Pr‐EP] program) as a diffused service for early intervention in psychosis. The aims of the present research are (a) to describe the Pr‐EP macroscopic organization and (b) to analyse specific process indicators across the first 5 years from its establishment.MethodsAll participants were adolescent and adult help‐seekers, aged 12‐54 years, with a First Episode Psychosis (FEP) or at Ultra‐High Risk for developing psychosis, according to well‐defined diagnostic criteria.ResultsAt baseline, 358 individuals were offered a dedicated protocol of care and only 40 (11.8%) dropped out during the first year of intervention. In particular, an increase of referrals over time was notably found (especially in adolescence). Furthermore, Duration of Untreated Psychosis decreased over time. The baseline prevalence of FEP diagnosis was 61.4%, with schizophrenia as markedly prevalent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders, IV edition, Text Revised (DSM‐IV‐TR) diagnosis (41%). The vast majority of UHR individuals met criteria for “Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms” (>90%), and major depressive disorder was the most frequent diagnosis (>55%). Finally, we found considerable percentages of current history of substance abuse (>58%) and of comorbidity with DSM‐IV‐TR personality disorders (60%).ConclusionsAn “Early Intervention in psychosis” service in Italian child/adolescent and adult mental health services is feasible, also in adolescents, who have a high risk of falling through the child‐adult service gap.
Reduced cannabinoid 2 receptor activity increases susceptibility to induced seizures in mice
Authors: Shapiro Lindsey , Wong Jennifer C. , Escayg Andrew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe endocannabinoid system (ECS) is comprised of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1R and CB2R), endogenous ligands, and regulatory enzymes, and serves to regulate several important physiological functions throughout the brain and body. Recent evidence suggests that the ECS may be a promising target for the treatment of epilepsy, including epilepsy subtypes that arise from mutations in the voltage‐gated sodium channel SCN1A. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of modulating CB2R activity on seizure susceptibility.MethodsWe examined susceptibility to induced seizures using a number of paradigms in CB2R knockout mice (Cnr2−/−), and determined the effects of the CB2R agonist, JWH‐133, and the CB2R antagonist, SR144528, on seizure susceptibility in wild‐type mice. We also examined seizure susceptibility in Cnr2 mutants harboring the human SCN1A R1648H (RH) epilepsy mutation and performed Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis to determine whether the loss of CB2Rs would increase spontaneous seizure frequency in Scn1a RH mutant mice.ResultsBoth heterozygous (Cnr2+/−) and homozygous (Cnr2−/−) knockout mice exhibited increased susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐induced seizures. The CB2R agonist JWH‐133 did not significantly alter seizure susceptibility in wild‐type mice; however, administration of the CB2R antagonist SR144528 resulted in increased susceptibility to PTZ‐induced seizures. In offspring from a cross between the Cnr2 × RH lines, both Cnr2 and RH mutants were susceptible to PTZ‐induced seizures; however, seizure susceptibility was not significantly increased in mutants expressing both mutations. No spontaneous seizures were observed in either RH or Cnr2/RH mutants during 336‐504 hours of continuous EEG recordings.SignificanceOur results demonstrate that reduced CB2R activity is associated with increased seizure susceptibility. CB2Rs might therefore provide a therapeutic target for the treatment of some forms of epilepsy.
Marine mortality in the river? Atlantic salmon smolts under high predation pressure in the last kilometres of a river monitored for stock assessment
Authors: Flávio Hugo , Kennedy Richard , Ensing Dennis , Jepsen Niels , Aarestrup Kim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe River Bush (Northern Ireland) is an index river for the estimation of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., stock size, population dynamics and marine survival rates. Marine survival estimates are based on the number of smolts counted at a trap 3.5 km upstream of the river outlet. The survival from release to coastal inshore waters for acoustic‐tagged smolts released at the Bushmills trap varied between 32% and 68%, with both year and brightness during river exit playing a significant role in explaining the variations in survival. This constitutes an important survival bottleneck. Contrary to true marine mortality, this significant loss of smolts in the river and nearshore environments could be reduced by focused management actions. More studies on other rivers, where smolts are enumerated above the head of tide, could further partition smolt and post‐smolt mortality, help differentiate true marine survival and help understand fluctuations in adult returns.
Assessing the effects of artificial light at night on biodiversity across latitude – Current knowledge gaps
Authors: Secondi Jean , Davranche Aurélie , Théry Marc , Mondy Nathalie , Lengagne Thierry 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimExposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) is a risk factor for organisms. Considering the spread and increasing intensity of night brightness across the globe, and the key role of light at all biological levels, alterations of ecosystems are expected. Yet, we cannot predict the severity of the effects of ALAN in several biomes because little information is available outside the temperate zone. We reviewed current knowledge and identified traits that could be targeted to fill this knowledge gap in order to contribute to the elaboration of a biogeographical framework for the study of ALAN at the global scale.LocationGlobal.Time periodCurrent and next decades.MethodsWe analysed the latitudinal variation in ALAN and focused on environmental factors that vary with latitude but that have been overlooked. We reviewed biological traits that exhibit latitudinal variation and depend on light and photoperiod and compiled information about the predicted changes in human demography and road networks across different world regions.ResultsCloud cover amplifies ALAN far away from urbanized areas. Because of the higher frequency of overcast sky nights, exposure effects may be stronger both at high latitudes and across a large fraction of the intertropical zone, although at different times of the year. Intertropical biomes host the largest fraction of global biodiversity. Although currently they are not the most exposed to ALAN, their human populations are growing, and urbanized areas and road networks are expanding. Hence, ALAN could have strong ecological consequences, with cloud cover as an aggravating factor.PerspectivesKnowledge gaps currently limit our ability to predict the effects of ALAN in different biomes. Therefore, it will be important to start investigating the consequences of this novel environmental factor across the globe, in order to develop a relevant theoretical framework.
Clinical medication review type III of polypharmacy reduced unplanned hospitalizations in older adults: A meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Mizokami Fumihiro , Mizuno Tomohiro , Kanamori Koichiro , Oyama Sakiko , Nagamatsu Tadashi , Lee Jeannie K , Kobayashi Tomoharu 
Published: November 2019

AimTo analyze the impact of clinical medication reviews (CMR) on reducing unplanned hospitalizations owing to polypharmacy among older adults using an intervention.MethodsOur meta‐analysis complied with PRISMA guidelines. The literature review comprised a search for articles published between January 1972 and March 2017 on MEDLINE and Google Scholar. We identified randomized controlled trials focusing on CMR that evaluated unplanned hospitalization and re‐hospitalization among older adults as a primary outcome. The keywords used were “CMR” or “medication review” in their titles, and the phrases “elderly” or “older adults” or “geriatric” and “polypharmacy.” The randomized controlled trials selected were divided according to the three types of CMR to analyze the characteristics of each review.ResultsWe included nine randomized controlled trials that examined the impact of CMR of polypharmacy in older patients. Five trials corresponded to CMR type I (prescription only review) or II (adherence review), whereas four corresponded to type III (comprehensive clinical evaluation for disease management). Type I/II increased the number of unplanned hospitalizations (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07–1.38, P = 0.002), whereas type III decreased hospital admissions (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.95, P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe present findings show the need for an intervention standardization for CMR, particularly for type III in older adults with polypharmacy, to decrease hospitalizations. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1275–1281.