bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine-learning based MRI radiomics models for early detection of radiation-induced brain injury in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Bin , Lian Zhouyang , Zhong Liming , Zhang Xiao , Dong Yuhao , Chen Qiuying , Zhang Lu , Mo Xiaokai , Huang Wenhui , Yang Wei , Zhang Shuixing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Early radiation-induced temporal lobe injury (RTLI) diagnosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is clinically challenging, and prediction models of RTLI are lacking. Hence, we aimed to develop radiomic models for early detection of RTLI.

Methods
We retrospectively included a total of 242 NPC patients who underwent regular follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, including contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging. For each MRI sequence, four non-texture and 10,320 texture features were extracted from medial temporal lobe, gray matter, and white matter, respectively. The relief and 0.632 + bootstrap algorithms were applied for initial and subsequent feature selection, respectively. Random forest method was used to construct the prediction model. Three models, 1, 2 and 3, were developed for predicting the results of the last three follow-up MRI scans at different times before RTLI onset, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of models.

Results
Of the 242 patients, 171 (70.7%) were men, and the mean age of all the patients was 48.5 ± 10.4 years. The median follow-up and latency from radiotherapy until RTLI were 46 and 41 months, respectively. In the testing cohort, models 1, 2, and 3, with 20 texture features derived from the medial temporal lobe, yielded mean AUCs of 0.830 (95% CI: 0.823–0.837), 0.773 (95% CI: 0.763–0.782), and 0.716 (95% CI: 0.699–0.733), respectively.

Conclusion
The three developed radiomic models can dynamically predict RTLI in advance, enabling early detection and allowing clinicians to take preventive measures to stop or slow down the deterioration of RTLI.
Craniospinal irradiation(CSI) in patients with leptomeningeal metastases: risk-benefit-profile and development of a prognostic score for decision making in the palliative setting
Authors: Devecka Michal , Duma Marciana Nona , Wilkens Jan J. , Kampfer Severin , Borm Kai Joachim , Münch Stefan , Straube Christoph , Combs Stephanie E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of our study was to assess the feasibility and oncologic outcomes in patients treated with spinal (SI) or craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LM) and to suggest a prognostic score as to which patients are most likely to benefit from this treatment.MethodsNineteen patients treated with CSI at our institution were eligible for the study. Demographic data, primary tumor characteristics, outcome and toxicity were assessed retrospectively. The extent of extra-CNS disease was defined by staging CT-scans before the initiation of CSI. Based on outcome parameters a prognostic score was developed for stratification based on patient performance status and tumor staging.ResultsMedian follow-up and overall survival (OS) for the whole group was 3.4 months (range 0.5–61.5 months). The median overall survival (OS) for patients with LM from breast cancer was 4.7 months and from NSCLC 3.3 months. The median OS was 7.3 months, 3.3 months and 1.5 months for patients with 0, 1 and 2 risk factors according to the proposed prognostic score (KPS < 70 and the presence of extra-CNS disease) respectively. Nonhematologic toxicities were mild.ConclusionCSI demonstrated clinically meaningful survival that is comparable to the reported outcome of intrathecal chemotherapy. A simple scoring system could be used to better select patients for treatment with CSI in this palliative setting. In our opinion, the feasibility of performing CSI with modern radiotherapy techniques with better sparing of healthy tissue gives a further rationale for its use also in the palliative setting.
The adaptive immune and immune checkpoint landscape of neoadjuvant treated esophageal adenocarcinoma using digital pathology quantitation
Authors: Humphries Matthew P. , Craig Stephanie G. , Kacprzyk Rafal , Fisher Natalie C. , Bingham Victoria , McQuaid Stephen , Murray Graeme I. , McManus Damian , Turkington Richard C. , James Jacqueline , Salto-Tellez Manuel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Limited studies examine the immune landscape in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC). We aim to identify novel associations, which may inform immunotherapy treatment stratification.

Methods
Three hundred twenty-nine EAC cases were available in Tissue Microarrays (TMA) format. A discovery cohort of 166 EAC cases were stained immunohistochemically for range of adaptive immune (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD45RO) and immune checkpoint biomarkers (ICOS, IDO-1, PD-L1, PD-1). A validation cohort of 163 EAC cases was also accessed. A digital pathology analysis approach was used to quantify biomarker density.

Results
CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO, ICOS and PD-1 were individually predictive of better overall survival (OS) (Log rank p = < 0.001; p = 0.014; p = 0.001; p = < 0.001; p = 0.008 and p = 0.026 respectively). Correlation and multivariate analysis identified high CD45RO/ICOS patients with significantly improved OS which was independently prognostic (HR = 0.445, (0.223–0.886), p = 0.021). Assessment of CD45RO and ICOS high cases in the validation cohort revealed an associated with improved OS (HR = 0.601 (0.363–0.996), p = 0.048). Multiplex IHC identified cellular co-expression of high CD45RO/ICOS. High CD45RO/ICOS patients have significantly improved OS.

Conclusions
Multiplexing identifies true cellular co-expression. These data demonstrate that co-expression of immune biomarkers are associated with better outcome in EAC and may provide evidence for immunotherapy treatment stratification.
Analysis of factors associated with vision after cataract surgery in chronic renal failure patients on dialysis
Authors: Yin Songtao , Zhang Jie , Hua Xia , Huang Guannan , Jia Biyun , Liu Yang , Ma Yao , Su Long 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
To analyze the related factors of visual acuity after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 42 patients (51 eyes) with CRF (failure, uremia) on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis and 40 patients (50 eyes) without CRF as a control group. Each individual underwent physical and laboratory examinations including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure, corneal endothelial cell count, fundus examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for macular examination. The patients with abnormal platelet, liver and kidney function, coagulation function received treatment accordingly to reduce the perioperative risk. All patients underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. Follow-up examinations were performed at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after surgery and included BCVA, slit lamp examination, noncontact IOP, dilated fundus examination and OCT of the macula.

Results
In control group the preoperative RBC, HB, Cr, and urea values were not associated with the pre- or postoperative BCVA. The RBC, HB, Cr, urea, SBP, DBP, preoperative BCVA and postoperative BCVA values were all significantly different between CRF and control group(P < 0.05).

Conclusion
In CRF patients, the RBC, HB, Cr and Urea indexes should be monitored before the cataract operation for guarded visual outcome. The pre-existing ocular comorbidities could significantly compromise the vision. The CRF patients could achieve relatively good visual outcome after cataract surgery when the underlaying diseases are effectively managed.
Adolescent self-harm in Ghana: a qualitative interview-based study of first-hand accounts
Authors: Quarshie Emmanuel N-B , Waterman Mitch G. , House Allan O. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Recent prevalence studies suggest that self-harm among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa is as common as it is in high income countries. However, very few qualitative studies exploring first-person accounts of adolescent self-harm are available from sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to explore the experiences and first-person perspectives of Ghanaian adolescents reporting self-harm - for deeper reflections on the interpretive repertoires available in their cultural context for making sense of self-harm in adolescents.

Methods
Guided by a semi-structured interview protocol, we interviewed one-to-one 36 adolescents (24 in-school adolescents and 12 street-connected adolescents) on their experiences of self-harm. We applied experiential thematic analysis to the data.

Results
Adolescents’ description of the background to their self-harm identified powerlessness in the family context and unwanted adultification in the family as key factors leading up to self-harm among both in-school and street-connected adolescents. Adolescents’ explanatory accounts identified the contradictory role of adultification as a protective factor against self-harm among street-connected adolescents. Self-harm among in-school adolescents was identified as a means of “enactment of tabooed emotions and contestations”, as a “selfish act and social injury”, as “religious transgression”, while it was also seen as improving social relations.

Conclusions
The first-person accounts of adolescents in this study implicate familial relational problems and interpersonal difficulties as proximally leading to self-harm in adolescents. Self-harm in adolescents is interpreted as an understandable response, and as a strong communicative signal in response to powerlessness and family relationship difficulties. These findings need to be taken into consideration in the planning of services in Ghana and are likely to be generalisable to many other countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
The influence of depressive symptoms on the effectiveness of a short-term group form of Schema Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for personality disorders: a naturalistic study
Authors: Koppers David , Van Henricus , Peen Jaap , Alberts Jet , Dekker Jack 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
This naturalistic study examined the outcomes of Short-Term Schema Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in groups with personality disorders, and with high and low severity of depressive symptoms.

Methods
Assessments were made at baseline, at mid-treatment (week 10), at treatment termination (week 20) and at three-month follow-up (week 32) of 225 patients with personality disorders and high severity of depressive symptoms (PD-Hi) and patients with low severity of depressive symptoms (PD-Lo). The assessments focused on symptom (Symptom Checklist-90) and schema severity (Young Schema Questionnaire) and coping styles (Utrecht Coping List). We also measured the rate of symptom remission. The data obtained were subjected to multilevel analysis.

Results
Psychiatric symptoms and maladaptive schemas improved in both patient groups. Effect sizes were moderate, and even small for the coping styles. Symptom remission was achieved in the minority of the total sample. Remission in psychiatric symptomatology was seen in more PD-Lo patients at treatment termination. However, the difference in levels of remission between the two patient groups was no longer apparent at follow-up.

Conclusion
A short-term form of schema therapy in groups proved to be an effective approach for a broad group of patients with personality disorders. However, the majority of patients did not achieve symptom remission.

Trial registration
Not applicable.
Working memory and decision making in children with ADHD: an analysis of delay discounting with the use of the dual-task paradigm
Authors: Fabio Rosa Angela , Bianco Marilla , Caprì Tindara , Marino Flavia , Ruta Liliana , Vagni David , Pioggia Giovanni 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Deficits in working memory tasks have been widely documented in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of working memory load in impulsivity during decision-making processes. A delayed discounting (DD) paradigm was used, comparing children with ADHD and age-matched controls.

Method
Thirty-two children equally divided between typically developing and ADHD, from 8 to 10 years of age were assigned to sessions of a dual-task paradigm. In the primary task the child has to choose between two different amounts of money at different time delays, while in the secondary task the child has to repeat a random series of digits with different lengths. The experiment was conducted in a school setting.

Results
Compared to peers with typical development, delayed discounting was significantly stronger in children with ADHD and discounting rates increased in both groups for heavier memory loads. Furthermore, the memory load impact on frequency of immediate rewards was stronger in children with ADHD compared to typically developing children.

Discussion
Results are discussed in terms of the relation between working memory load and decision-making processes, their impact on impulsive behaviour in ADHD and the need for future research to understand possible neurocognitive correlates and use that information to develop better inclusive policies.
Incidence of hypertension among persons living with HIV in China: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Fan Hongwei , Guo Fuping , Hsieh Evelyn , Chen Wei-Ti , Lv Wei , Han Yang , Xie Jing , Li Yanling , Song Xiaojing , Li Taisheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLife expectancy among persons living with HIV (PLWH) has improved with increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), however incidence of chronic comorbidities has simultaneously increased. No data are available regarding the incidence of hypertension among Chinese PLWH.MethodsWe analyzed data collected from patients enrolled in two prospective longitudinal multicenter studies of PLWH initiating ART in China. Incidence rate of hypertension per 100 person-years (PYs) among PLWH was calculated, and Cox proportional hazards models was used to evaluate the association between incident hypertension and traditional and HIV-associated risk factors.ResultsOf 1078 patients included in this analysis, 984 ART-naïve patients were hypertension-free at baseline, and contributed 2337.7 PYs of follow up, with a median follow-up period of 1.8 years (range: 1.2–3.2) after initiation of ART. Incidence of hypertension was 7.6 [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.5–8.7] per 100 PYs. In the Cox regression analysis, incidence of hypertension was positively associated with body mass index [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.07 (1.01,1.13),p = 0.02] and recent viral load (aHR 1.28, 95% CI:1.08–1.51,p < 0.01), and negatively associated with recent CD4+/CD8+ ratio (aHR 0.14, 95% CI:0.06–0.31,p < 0.001), zidovudine exposure (aHR 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10–0.24,p < 0.001) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate exposure (aHR 0.13, 95% CI: 0.08–0.21, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe incidence of hypertension was relatively high among Chinese PLWH initiating ART. Recent low CD4+/CD8+ ratio and detectable HIV viremia were associated with incident hypertension, whereas receipt of ART was associated with reduced risk. Hypertension may be mitigated, in part, by excellent HIV care, including viral suppression with ART.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT00872417registered on 31 March, 2009, andNCT01844297registered on 1 May, 2013.
Tuberculosis infection and epidemiological characteristics in Haidian District, Beijing, 2005–2018
Authors: Wu Fan , Lai Caiyun , Wang Yan , Zhang Gaoqiang , Li Yueqi , Yu Susu , Peng Xinyue , Yang Jiani , Wei Zhisheng , Zhang Wenjuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
This study was aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristic of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Haidian District, Beijing from 2005 to 2018 and to provide suggestions for controlling tuberculosis (TB) development.

Methods
Epidemiological data about TB were obtained by the Infectious Disease Reporting System at different levels of medical institutions in Haidian District of Beijing from 2005 to 2018. The epidemiological methods combined with χ2 test were used to analyze the distribution of TB in population, time, region and TB diagnosis.

Results
In total, 14,449 cases of TB patients were reported in Haidian District from 2005 to 2018 and the average annual morbidity was 31.67/10,000. Of the total cases, housework and unemployed people (20.73%; 2996/14,449) accounted for the highest proportion of occupational distribution, followed by students, accounting for 17.18% (2482/14,449). 2433 patients with the age of 65 years and over accounting for 16.83% (2433/14,449); Laboratory confirmed diagnosis of TB was 26.60% and the diagnostic delays accounted for 54.96%.

Conclusions
From 2005 to 2018, TB incidence was falling gradually in Haidian District. However, particular attention should be paid to the elderly and student groups, and the policy publicity and education should be strengthened to reduce the diagnosis delay of TB.
Mind the gaps: age and cause specific mortality and life expectancy in the older population of South Korea and Japan
Authors: Jung Myunggu , Ko Woorim , Muhwava William , Choi Yeohee , Kim Hanna , Park Young Su , Jambere Gizachew Balew , Cho Youngtae 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Recent life expectancy gains in high-income Asia-pacific countries have been largely the result of postponement of death from non-communicable diseases in old age, causing rapid demographic ageing. This study compared and quantified age- and cause-specific contributions to changes in old-age life expectancy in two high-income Asia-pacific countries with ageing populations, South Korea and Japan.

Methods
This study used Pollard’s actuarial method of decomposing life expectancy to compare age- and cause-specific contributions to changes in old-age life expectancy between South Korea and Japan during 1997 and 2017.

Results
South Korea experienced rapid population ageing, and the gaps in life expectancy at 60 years old between South Korea and Japan were reduced by 2.47 years during 1997 and 2017. Decomposition analysis showed that mortality reductions from non-communicable diseases in South Korea were the leading causes of death contributing to the decreased gaps in old-age life expectancy between the two countries. More specifically, mortality reductions from cardiovascular diseases (stroke, ischaemic and hypertensive heart disease) and cancers (stomach, liver, lung, pancreatic cancers) in South Korea contributed to the decreased gap by 1.34 and 0.41 years, respectively. However, increased mortality from Alzheimer and dementia, lower respiratory tract disease, self-harm and falls in South Korea widened the gaps by 0.41 years.

Conclusions
Age- and cause- specific contributions to changes in old-age life expectancy can differ between high-income Asia-pacific countries. Although the gaps in old-age life expectancy between high-income Asia-pacific countries are primarily attributed to mortality changes in non-communicable diseases, these countries should also identify potential emerging threats of communicable diseases and injuries along with demographic ageing in pursuit of healthy life years in old age.
Clinical characteristics and organ system involvement in sarcoidosis: comparison of the University of Minnesota Cohort with other cohorts
Authors: Te Hok Sreng , Perlman David M. , Shenoy Chetan , Steinberger Daniel J. , Cogswell Rebecca J. , Roukoz Henri , Peterson Erik J. , Zhang Lin , Allen Tadashi L. , Bhargava Maneesh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Clinical cohort studies of different populations are important to understand the high variability in clinical presentation and disease course of sarcoidosis. The aim of the study is to evaluate clinical characteristics, including organ involvement, pulmonary function tests, and laboratory parameters, in a sarcoidosis cohort at the University of Minnesota. We compare the organ system involvement of this cohort with other available cohorts.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective data collection and analysis of 187 subjects with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis seen at a tertiary center. Organ system involvement was determined using the WASOG sarcoidosis organ assessment instrument. Clinical phenotype groups were classified using the Genomic Research in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and Sarcoidosis criteria.

Results
Mean subject age at diagnosis was 45.8 ± 12.4, with a higher proportion of males (55.1%), and a higher proportion of blacks (17.1%) compared to the racial distribution of Minnesota residents (5.95%). The majority (71.1%) of subjects required anti-inflammatory therapy for at least 1 month. Compared to the A Case Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis cohort, there was a higher frequency of extra-thoracic lymph node (34.2% vs. 15.2%), eye (20.9% vs. 11.8%), liver (17.6% vs. 11.5%), spleen (20.9% vs. 6.7%), musculoskeletal (9.6% vs. 0.5%), and cardiac (10.7% vs. 2.3%) involvement in our cohort. A multisystem disease with at least five different organs involved was identified in 13.4% of subjects. A restrictive physiological pattern was observed in 21.6% of subjects, followed by an obstructive pattern in 17.3% and mixed obstructive and restrictive pattern in 2.2%. Almost half (49.2%) were Scadding stages II/III. Commonly employed disease activity markers, including soluble interleukin-2 receptor and angiotensin-converting enzyme, did not differ between treated and untreated groups.

Conclusions
This cohort features a relatively high frequency of high-risk sarcoidosis phenotypes including cardiac and multiorgan disease. Commonly-utilized serum biomarkers do not identify subpopulations that require or do better with treatment. Findings from this study further highlight the high-variability nature of sarcoidosis and the need for a more reliable biomarker to predict and measure disease severity and outcomes for better clinical management of sarcoidosis patients.