bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational exposure to inorganic dust and risk of gout: a population-based study
Authors: Sigurdardottir Valgerdur , Jacobsson Lennart , Schiöler Linus , Svärd Anna , Dehlin Mats , Toren Kjell 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundRisk factors operating independently of hyperuricemia could be of importance in determining why only a minority of people with hyperuricemia develop gout. Exposure to inorganic dust has been linked to other inflammatory diseases and could influence the development of gout.ObjectivesTo evaluate if occupational exposure to inorganic dust increases the risk of gout.MethodsIndividuals aged 30–65 years with a first gout diagnosis in 2006–2012 in the population-based healthcare database of the Western Swedish Healthcare Region (VEGA) and population controls matched by age and sex were included. Data on occupation was collected from the Swedish occupational register. Exposure status was assigned by means of a job exposure matrix. Data on gout-related comorbidities was collected from VEGA. Alcohol use disorder and obesity were related both to gout and exposure to inorganic dust and were adjusted for in multivariate analyses. ORs were calculated using conditional logistic regression.Results5042 gout cases and 20 682 controls were included. Exposure to inorganic dust was associated with gout in both unadjusted (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.20) and multivariate (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.16) analyses of the whole population. In sex-stratified multivariate analyses, dust exposure was significantly associated with gout in women (adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.51), but not in men (adjusted OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.13).ConclusionsWe describe for the first time an association between exposure to inorganic dust and gout. After adjusting for confounders, the findings were statistically significant for women but not for men.
Considerations for improving quality of care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and associated comorbidities
Authors: Kvien Tore K , Balsa Alejandro , Betteridge Neil , Buch Maya H , Durez Patrick , Favalli Ennio Giulio , Favier Guillaume , Gabay Cem , Geenen Rinie , Gouni-Berthold Ioanna , van den Hoogen Frank , Kent Alison , Klareskog Lars , Ostergaard Mikkel , Pavelka Karel , Polido Pereira Joaquim , Semb Anne Grete , Sköld Magnus , Dougados Maxime 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder with a global prevalence of approximately 0.5–1%. Patients with RA are at an increased risk of developing comorbidities (eg, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, diabetes and depression). Despite this, there are limited recommendations for the management and implementation of associated comorbidities. This study aimed to identify good practice interventions in the care of RA and associated comorbidities.MethodsA combination of primary research (180+ interviews with specialists across 12 European rheumatology centres) and secondary research (literature review of existing publications and guidelines/recommendations) were used to identify challenges in management and corresponding good practice interventions. Findings were prioritised and reviewed by a group of 18 rheumatology experts including rheumatologists, comorbidity experts, a patient representative and a highly specialised nurse.ResultsChallenges throughout the patient pathway (including delays in diagnosis and referral, shortage of rheumatologists, limited awareness of primary care professionals) and 18 good practice interventions were identified in the study. The expert group segmented and prioritised interventions according to three distinct stages of the disease: (1) suspected RA, (2) recent diagnosis of RA and (3) established RA. Examples of good practice interventions included enabling self-management (self-monitoring and disease management support, for example, lifestyle adaptations); early arthritis clinic; rapid access to care (online referral, triage, ultrasound-guided diagnosis); dedicated comorbidity specialists; enhanced communication with primary care (hotline, education sessions); and integrating patient registries into daily clinical practice.ConclusionLearning from implementation of good practice interventions in centres across Europe provides an opportunity to more widely improved care for patients with RA and associated comorbidities.
Lepton flavor violation and dilepton tails at the LHC
Authors: Angelescu Andrei , Faroughy Darius A. , Sumensari Olcyr 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStarting from a general effective Lagrangian for lepton flavor violation (LFV) in quark-lepton transitions, we derive constraints on the effective coefficients from the high-mass tails of the dilepton processes $$pp \rightarrow \ell _k \ell _l$$pp→ℓkℓl (with $$k\ne l$$k≠l). The current (projected) limits derived in this paper from LHC data with $$36~\mathrm {fb}^{-1}$$36fb-1 ($$3~\mathrm {ab}^{-1}$$3ab-1) can be applied to generic new physics scenarios, including the ones with scalar, vector and tensor effective operators. For purely left-handed operators, we explicitly compare these LHC constraints with the ones derived from flavor-physics observables, illustrating the complementarity of these different probes. While flavor physics is typically more constraining for quark-flavor violating operators, we find that LHC provides the most stringent limits on several flavor-conserving ones. Furthermore, we show that dilepton tails offer the best probes for charm-quark transitions at current luminosities and that they provide competitive limits for tauonic $$b\rightarrow d$$b→d transitions at the high-luminosity LHC phase. As a by-product, we also provide general numerical expressions for several low-energy LFV processes, such as the semi-leptonic decays $$K\rightarrow \pi \ell ^{\pm }_k \ell ^{{\mp }}_l$$K→πℓk±ℓl∓, $$B\rightarrow \pi \ell ^{\pm }_k \ell ^{{\mp }}_l$$B→πℓk±ℓl∓ and $$B\rightarrow K^{(*)} \ell ^{\pm }_k \ell ^{{\mp }}_l$$B→K(∗)ℓk±ℓl∓.
General Thermodynamic Efficiency Loss and Scaling Behavior of Eukaryotic Organisms
Authors: Montemayor-Aldrete Jorge A. , Márquez-Caballé Rafael F. , del Castillo-Mussot Marcelo , Cruz-Peregrino Fidel 
Published: July 2020

A simple and general thermodynamic theory is applied to describe the irreversible aspects of the continuous process of functional efficiency loss, which occurs in dissipative biological structures after they reach maturity. Following Prigogine [G. Nicolis and I. Prigogine, Self-organization in Nonequilibrium Systems (Wiley, New York, 1997), pp. 2–3], this theory considers that these dissipative structures perform their functions carrying out cyclic processes per se since they are self-organized far from equilibrium. Starting from the theoretical fact that after biological dissipative systems reach adulthood, the functionality of their organs decreases linearly over time. We show that cumulative damage leads to the exponential law of increasing mortality rate with age for population groups, known as Gompertz’s law. The theory was applied to the determination of functional efficiency loss parameter, [Formula: see text], for 71 living beings as a function of mass covering 18 orders of magnitude. The mathematical adjustment allowed us to conclude that there is a minimum in the value of the [Formula: see text] parameter for a 23.3 kg mass which is close enough to the Homo sapiens one. We obtained useful expressions to describe the [Formula: see text] parameter for smaller masses than those of saccharomyces cerevisiae, so perhaps this theory may contribute to the study of the evolution of some dissipative pre-biological structures.
Intracoronary Saline‐Induced Hyperemia During Coronary Thermodilution Measurements of Absolute Coronary Blood Flow: An Animal Mechanistic Study
Authors: Adjedj Julien , Picard Fabien , Collet Carlos , Bruneval Patrick , Fournier Stephane , Bize Alain , Sambin Lucien , Berdeaux Alain , Varenne Olivier , De Bruyne Bernard , Ghaleh Bijan 
Published: July 2020

Background
Absolute hyperemic coronary blood flow and microvascular resistances can be measured by continuous thermodilution with a dedicated infusion catheter. We aimed to determine the mechanisms of this hyperemic response in animal.

Methods and Results

Twenty open chest pigs were instrumented with flow probes on coronary arteries. The following possible mechanisms of saline‐induced hyperemia were explored compared with maximal hyperemia achieve with adenosine by testing: (1) various infusion rates; (2) various infusion content and temperature; (3) NO production inhibition with L‐arginine methyl ester and endothelial denudation; (4) effects of vibrations generated by rotational atherectomy and of infusion through one end‐hole versus side‐holes. Saline infusion rates of 5, 10 and 15 mL/min did not reach maximal hyperemia as compared with adenosine. Percentage of coronary blood flow expressed in percent of the coronary blood flow after adenosine were 48±17% at baseline, 57±18% at 5 mL/min, 65±17% at 10 mL/min, 82±26% at 15 mL/min and 107±18% at 20 mL/min. Maximal hyperemia was observed during infusion of both saline at body temperature and glucose 5%, after endothelial denudation,
l‐
arginine methyl ester administration, and after stent implantation. The activation of a Rota burr in the first millimeters of the epicardial artery also induced maximal hyperemia. Maximal hyperemia was achieved by infusion through lateral side‐holes but not through an end‐hole catheter.

Conclusions
Infusion of saline at 20 mL/min through a catheter with side holes in the first millimeters of the epicardial artery induces maximal hyperemia. The data indicate that this vasodilation is related neither to the composition/temperature of the indicator nor is it endothelial mediated. It is suggested that it could be elicited by epicardial wall vibrations.
The Changing Place of Non-human Animals in Finnish Society: A Visual Account
Authors: Raento Pauliina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Postage stamp imagery reveals how humans see other animals in their society; how this relationship changes over time; and in particular political, economic, and cultural contexts; and what the stamp-issuing state wishes to communicate to its citizens. A qualitative mixed-methods exploration of this overlooked, easily accessible visual data identifies trends and representative examples of human-animal relations in Finnish society during the country’s independence (1917-2016). The empirical discussion strengthens method(olog)ical discussion on visual culture and data in animal studies. The examination shows the value of systematic longitudinal data, the inclusion of both consumer and producer perspectives in the analysis, and engagement with scholarly debates outside animal studies.
Historien und Polyhistorien
Authors: Herweg Mathias 
Published: July 2020

This article is dedicated to the early modern Novel of Antiquity, its ancestors and successors. In the 15th century, the ‘matière’ with which vernacular novel actually had started more than three centuries before became the pioneer for the Early nhg Prose Novel. The Novels of Alexander, Troy and Apollonius of Tyre are also among the earliest to be printed. These texts and their contexts thus become seismographs of the generic and epoch change. They occupy an intermediate position in many respects: between old and new form (verse/prose), old and new medium, continuity and reception of the Middle Ages, medieval and humanistic concepts of Antiquity, ‘old’ and ‘new’ knowledge, historical didaxis and the perception of historical contingency, and last but not least: ‘novel’ (which they aren’t in a proper sense) and history, sometimes even ‘poly-history’.
Imagining a Universal Empire: a Study of the Illustrations of the Tributary States of the Myriad Regions Attributed to Li Gonglin
Authors: Ge Zhaoguang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article is not concerned with the history of aesthetics but, rather, is an exercise in intellectual history. “Illustrations of Tributary States” [Zhigong tu 職貢圖] as a type of art reveals a Chinese tradition of artistic representations of foreign emissaries paying tribute at the imperial court. This tradition is usually seen as going back to the “Illustrations of Tributary States,” painted by Emperor Yuan in the Liang dynasty 梁元帝 [r. 552-554] in the first half of the sixth century. This series of paintings not only had a lasting influence on aesthetic history but also gave rise to a highly distinctive intellectual tradition in the development of Chinese thought: images of foreign emissaries were used to convey the Celestial Empire’s sense of pride and self-confidence, with representations of strange customs from foreign countries serving as a foil for the image of China as a radiant universal empire at the center of the world. The tradition of “Illustrations of Tributary States” was still very much alive during the time of the Song dynasty [960-1279], when China had to compete with equally powerful neighboring states, the empire’s territory had been significantly diminished, and the Chinese population had become ethnically more homogeneous. In this article, the “Illustrations of the Tributary States of the Myriad Regions” [Wanfang zhigong tu 萬方職貢圖] attributed to Li Gonglin 李公麟 [ca. 1049-1106] and created during the period between the Xining 熙寧 [1068-1077] and Yuanfeng 元豐 [1078-1085] reigns of the Shenzong emperor 神宗 [r. 1067-1085] of the Song dynasty, is used as a case study for investigating the actual tributary relations between the Northern Song [960-1127] state and its neighboring countries. In doing so, I demonstrate that while certain parts of the “Illustrations of the Tributary States of the Myriad Regions” are historically accurate, a considerable portion of the content is the combined product of historical remembrance and the imagination of empire. In the international environment of the Song empire, China was captivated by the dream of being a universal empire envied by its “barbarian” neighbors. Particularly worth emphasizing is the fact that the artistic tradition of painting “Illustrations of Tributary States” as well as the accompanying idea of China as a universal empire continued well into the Qing [1644-1911] period, reflecting the historical longevity and lasting influence of the traditional conception of the relationship between China and the world.
The Rise and Fall of the Hua-Yi System in East Asia
Authors: Han Dongyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Hua-Yi 華夷 system that spread in East Asia in the form of tribute relationships during the Ming dynasty [1368-1644] began as a system based on China’s perceived cultural superiority, but slowly evolved into a system centered on nationalism. Accordingly, the kinship networks embedded in the Hua-Yi system were also continually evolving, breaking down, and reforming in a cycle that repeated itself multiple times. Amid this process, ethnocentrism [zi minzu zhongxin zhuyi 自民族中心主義] and “interest centralism” [liyi zhongxin zhuyi 利益中心主義] played key roles in the formation and eventual dissolution of the Hua-Yi system.
Suffering Absence: Hauerwas and the Challenges to Faithful Presence in Contemporary Medical Training
Authors: Frush Benjamin W. 
Published: July 2020

In this essay, the author draws on the theologian Stanley Hauerwas’ work to describe the central challenge of the contemporary medical trainee as an inability to be present to suffering patients. While the central challenge to the physician was once the moral resources required for such presence, today it is the temporal and bureaucratic demands bearing upon the contemporary resident preclude even the opportunity for this presence. In order to seek out such spaces when time does become available, the contemporary trainee requires a moral community, as Hauerwas notes “like a church,” to remind him or her of the moral commitment to be present to suffering patients even in the midst of such structural challenges. Summary: Contemporary residents must actively seek out the opportunity to be present to suffering patients and require moral communities to sustain this commitment.
Impact of Lymph Node Yield on Survival in Surgically Treated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Gomez Ernest D. , Chang Joyce C. , Ceremsak John J. , Brody Robert M. , Brant Jason A. , Rassekh Christopher H. , Weinstein Gregory S. , Newman Jason G. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives(1) To estimate the association between neck dissection lymph node yield (LNY) and survival among patients with surgically treated human papilloma virus (HPV)–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). (2) To identify a clinically relevant quality metric for surgical treatment of HPV‐related OPSCC.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingNational Cancer Database.Subjects and MethodsFrom the National Cancer Database, 4130 patients were identified with HPV‐associated OPSCC treated with primary surgery from 2010 to 2016. Based on prior literature, an adequate neck dissection LNY was defined as ≥18 lymph nodes. To determine whether LNY is associated with survival, univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was performed. Analysis was stratified by adjuvant therapy regimen.ResultsA total of 2113 patients (51.2%) underwent surgery with or without adjuvant radiation (S ± RT), and 2017 patients (48.8%) underwent surgery with adjuvant chemoradiation. LNY ≥18 was associated with a 5‐year survival benefit of 7.15% (91.7% for LNY ≥18, 84.5% for LNY <18, P =. 004) for the S ± RT cohort on unadjusted survival analysis. For the S ± RT group, LNY ≥18 was associated with decreased hazard of death (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29‐0.70; P <. 001) after adjustment for patient characteristics, TNM staging, surgical margins, extranodal extension, and treating facility characteristics. For surgery with adjuvant chemoradiation, the adjusted hazard ratio estimate for LNY ≥18 was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.41‐1.00), but the result was not statistically significant (P =. 052).ConclusionAn adequate LNY from a neck dissection may affect survival when HPV‐related OPSCC is treated with up‐front surgery.
Spontaneous hemopneumothorax after laparoscopy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Gao Zhenyan , Wang Qing , Shi Juntao , Cao Huihua , Wu Yugang , Lu Qicheng 
Published: July 2020

Background Spontaneous hemopneumothorax (SHP) is defined as the accumulation of >400 mL of blood in the pleural cavity in association with spontaneous pneumothorax. This rare clinical disorder may be life-threatening. Case presentation A 71-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of recurrent bloody stool, and electronic colonoscopy suggested a rectal mass. Laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer was performed. Two days later, she developed chest tightness, shortness of breath, and slight pain in the left chest. Emergency chest radiography revealed mild left pneumothorax and pleural effusion. SHP was suspected and a thoracic drain was inserted. However, the patient developed hemorrhagic shock 3 hours after drainage. She underwent emergency video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), which revealed left lung tip rupture with bleeding and adhesive band fracture at the top of the left thoracic cavity. The ruptured lung tissue was removed and electrocoagulation at the adhesion band was performed for hemostasis. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 11. At the time of this writing, she had developed no SHP recurrence or any other complications. Conclusions This case shows that conservative treatment may have serious consequences in patients with SHP. Thus, chest X-ray examination and VATS should be performed in patients with SHP.
Assessment of two prophylactic fluid strategies in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A randomized trial
Authors: Gál Judit , Fülesdi Béla , Varga Dávid , Fodor Babett , Varga Eszter , Siró Péter , Bereczki Dániel , Szabó Sándor , Molnár Csilla 
Published: July 2020

Objective To compare the effect of two prophylactic euvolemic fluid strategy regimens on the incidence of cerebral vasospasm and clinical outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods Ninety-six patients with a basal intravenous intake of 15 mL/kg/day of Ringer’s lactate solution were included, and an additional 15 to 50 mL/kg/day Ringer’s lactate (RL-group) or hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 solution (HES-group) was administered to maintain the targeted mean arterial pressure. The primary end point was the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm during the first 14 days. The secondary end points were case fatality, Barthel’s index, and Glasgow Outcome Scores (GOS) at 30 days after SAH. Results Cerebral vasospasm developed in 42 patients (43.7%), and nine of these events were severe. The vasospasm rate among the RL- and HES-based groups was 25/48 and 17/48, respectively. For the secondary endpoint, four patients (4%) died by the end of follow-up (two in each group). Unfavorable outcome cases were not different in the RL and HES groups (9 vs. 14, respectively). There was no difference between the Barthel’s scores at 30 days between the two groups. Conclusions Using starches in a prophylactic treatment strategy in aneurysmal SAH in not supported by the study. The trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov under the number NCT02064075
Inverted U-shaped relationship between body mass index and multivessel lesions in Chinese patients with myocardial infarction: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sun Dandan , Li Wei , Zhang Hongmin , Li Yafen , Zhang Qingyun 
Published: July 2020

Objective To investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) with multivessel coronary artery disease in patients with myocardial infarction. Methods This study was performed in 1566 patients with myocardial infarction in the Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, China. Independent and dependent variables were BMI measured at baseline and multivessel coronary artery disease, respectively. The covariates examined in this study were age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, creatinine, uric acid, bilirubin, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, left ventricular ejection fraction, sex, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Results A nonlinear relationship was detected between BMI and multivessel coronary artery disease, and this was an inverted U-shaped curve and the cutoff point was 26.3 kg/m2. The effect sizes and confidence intervals on the left and right sides of the inflection point were 1.10 (1.01–1.20) and 0.85 (0.74–0.97), respectively. Conclusions There is an obesity paradox for BMI > 26.3 kg/m2. Future studies should examine the relationship between BMI and prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction, which may be important for improving the prognosis through control of BMI.