bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substrate quality drives fungal necromass decay and decomposer community structure under contrasting vegetation types
Authors: Beidler Katilyn V. , Phillips Richard P. , Andrews Erin , Maillard François , Mushinski Ryan M. , Kennedy Peter G. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Fungal mycelium is increasingly recognized as a central component of soil biogeochemical cycling, yet our current understanding of the ecological controls on fungal necromass decomposition is limited to single sites and vegetation types.

By deploying common fungal necromass substrates in a temperate oak savanna and hardwood forest in the midwestern USA, we assessed the generality of the rate at which high‐ and low‐quality fungal necromass decomposes; further, we investigated how the decomposer ‘necrobiome’ varies both across and within sites under vegetation types dominated by either arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal plants.

The effects of necromass quality on decay rate were robust to site and vegetation type differences, with high‐quality fungal necromass decomposing, on average, 2.5 times faster during the initial stages of decay. Across vegetation types, bacterial and fungal communities present on decaying necromass differed from bulk soil microbial communities and were influenced by necromass quality. Moulds, yeasts and copiotrophic bacteria consistently dominated the necrobiome of high‐quality fungal substrates.

Synthesis. We show that regardless of differences in decay environments, high‐quality fungal substrates decompose faster and support different types of decomposer micro‐organisms when compared with low‐quality fungal tissues. These findings help to refine our theoretical understanding of the dominant factors affecting fast cycling components of soil organic matter and the microbial communities associated with rapid decay.
Search platforms: showrooming and price parity clauses
Authors: Wang Chengsi , Wright Julian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe provide a model in which consumers search for firms directly or through platforms. Platforms lower search costs but charge firms for the transactions they facilitate. Platform fees raise the possibility of showrooming, in which consumers search on a platform but then switch and buy directly to take advantage of lower direct prices. In settings like this, search platforms like Booking.com have adopted price parity clauses, requiring firms to offer their best prices on the platform, arguing this is needed to prevent showrooming. However, despite allowing for showrooming in our model, we find that price parity clauses often harm consumers.
Predicting alcohol dependence treatment outcomes: a prospective comparative study of clinical psychologists versus ‘trained’ machine learning models
Authors: Symons Martyn , Feeney Gerald F. X. , Gallagher Marcus R. , Young Ross McD. , Connor Jason P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsClinical staff are typically poor at predicting alcohol dependence treatment outcomes. Machine learning (ML) offers the potential to model complex clinical data more effectively. This study tested the predictive accuracy of ML algorithms demonstrated to be effective in predicting alcohol dependence outcomes, compared with clinical judgement and traditional linear regression.DesignProspective study. ML models were trained on 1016 previously treated patients (training‐set) who attended a hospital‐based alcohol and drug clinic. ML models (n = 27), clinical psychologists (n = 10) and a ‘traditional’ logistic regression model (n = 1) predicted treatment outcome during the initial treatment session of an alcohol dependence programme.SettingA 12‐week cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)‐based abstinence programme for alcohol dependence in a hospital‐based alcohol and drug clinic in Australia.ParticipantsProspective predictions were made for 220 new patients (test‐set; 70.91% male, mean age = 35.78 years, standard deviation = 9.19). Sixty‐nine (31.36%) patients successfully completed treatment.MeasurementsTreatment success was the primary outcome variable. The cross‐validated training‐set accuracy of ML models was used to determine optimal parameters for selecting models for prospective prediction. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operator curve (AUC), Brier score and calibration curves were calculated and compared across predictions.FindingsThe mean aggregate accuracy of the ML models (63.06%) was higher than the mean accuracy of psychologist predictions (56.36%). The most accurate ML model achieved 70% accuracy, as did logistic regression. Both were more accurate than psychologists (P < 0.05) and had superior calibration. The high specificity for the selected ML (79%) and logistic regression (90%) meant they were significantly (P < 0.001) more effective than psychologists (50%) at correctly identifying patients whose treatment was unsuccessful. For ML and logistic regression, high specificity came at the expense of sensitivity (26 and 31%, respectively), resulting in poor prediction of successful patients.ConclusionsMachine learning models and logistic regression appear to be more accurate than psychologists at predicting treatment outcomes in an abstinence programme for alcohol dependence, but sensitivity is low.
Sustained and delayed noisy miner suppression at an avian hotspot
Authors: Crates Ross , Rayner Laura , Webb Matthew , Stojanovic Dejan , Wilkie Colin , Heinsohn Robert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo mitigate the impact of noisy miners Manorina melanocephala on Australia’s woodland birds, there is a need to identify locations where noisy miner suppression can be affordable, sustainable and facilitate woodland bird recovery. In 2017, we suppressed noisy miners from the Goulburn River, NSW for at least three months. During this period, six pairs of critically endangered regent honeyeaters nested in the treatment area. In 2018, we continued monitoring the original noisy miner treatment area, which was expanded to include our 2017 control area, and established a new control area downstream. In 2019, the removal effort was again expanded to include the 2018 control area. In the 2017 treatment area, noisy miners remained suppressed up to 27 months post‐removal. Their numbers here were lower 1 year after the initial cull than in the week after it. In the 2018 and 2019 treatment areas, noisy miner abundance was significantly lower after respective culls than at all pre‐removal periods. In 2018, around 20 vulnerable painted honeyeaters occupied the 2018 treatment area. In 2019, two regent honeyeater pairs nested in and at least 40 painted honeyeaters occupied the treatment area. Songbird abundance increased within seasons and also up to a year following noisy miner removal, and plateaued thereafter. We show how, in strategic locations, a week of noisy miner suppression each spring can sequentially create ever‐larger landscapes where noisy miner impacts on threatened woodland birds are minimal.
International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. 4th edition
Authors: Theurillat Jean‐Paul , Willner Wolfgang , Fernández‐González Federico , Bültmann Helga , Čarni Andraž , Gigante Daniela , Mucina Ladislav , Weber Heinrich 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe fourth edition of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (ICPN) was prepared by the Steering Committee of the IAVS Working Group for Phytosociological Nomenclature (GPN). The edition consists of 14 Definitions, 7 Principles, 53 Articles, and 7 Appendices. When compared with the previous edition, the main amendments are: (a) the acceptance of electronic publications (Art. 1); (b) the introduction of binding decisions (Definition XIV, Principle II, Articles 1, 2b, 3c, 29b, 40, 42, 44, Appendices 6 and 7); (c) the mandatory use of the English or Latin terminology for syntaxonomic novelties (Definition II, Principle II, Articles 3d and 3i); (d) the introduction of autonyms for the main ranks when the corresponding secondary ranks are created (Articles 13b and 24); (e) the automatic correction of the taxon names (name‐giving taxa) used in the names of syntaxa in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (Article 44); (f) the possibility to mutate the name of a syntaxon in using other correct, alternative names for the name‐giving taxa (Article 45); (g) the introduction of inadequate names, a new category of rejected names (Definition V, Articles 43 through 45); and (h) the introduction of a conserved type (Definition XIII, Article 53). The fourth edition of ICPN was approved by the GPN on 25 May 2019 and becomes effectively binding on 1 January 2021.
Fourier nonlinear quantile unit root test and PPP in Africa
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Chang Tsangyao , Niroomand Farhang , Ranjbar Omid 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe test the PPP hypothesis in 29 African countries using a newly developed nonlinear Quantile unit root test with a Fourier function which accounts for smooth breaks. Simulation indicates that the proposed new test has higher power than the conventional Quantile unit root test as proposed by Koneker and Xiao (2004). Our empirical results provide support for the PPP hypothesis in 21 out of 29 African countries, a unique discovery using their real effective exchange rates. It appears that incorporating Fourier function to nonlinear Quantile unit root test gets us closer and closer to solving the PPP puzzle in Africa.
Flies on vacation: evidence for the migration of Australian Syrphidae (Diptera)
Authors: Finch Jonathan T. D. , Cook James M. 
Published: March 2020

1. Hover flies (Syrphidae: Diptera) are a cosmopolitan group of insects that provide important ecosystem services including pollination and pest control. The seasonal migration of hover flies is probably best known in Europe, but it remains unstudied in many other parts of the world.2. Australia is believed to be home to around 160 hover fly species, some of which are common in urban and agricultural environments. The current evidence for hover fly migration in Australia is scarce and anecdotal, yet migration may be critical to the success of pollination and the biological control of aphids.3. In this study, species occurrence records from an online biodiversity database (Atlas of Living Australia) were used to look for evidence of migratory behaviours in all Australian hover flies with more than 200 occurrence records.4. Four of the 10 species displayed seasonal changes in their distribution consistent with migration, including Australia's two most abundant species: Melangyna viridiceps and Simosyrphus grandicornis. This work is an important first step in understanding the prevalence of migration in Australian hover flies. However, confirmation of our findings requires additional evidence to rule out other plausible explanations for the observed patterns.5. Based on changes in summer and winter latitudinal distribution, it is estimated that some Australian hover flies may make annual migrations of 400–1800 km.6. This work suggests that the management of beneficial insects requires consideration of factors at both local and continental scales, as landscape use changes may have an impact on ecosystem services delivered hundreds of kilometres away.
Rewiring the yeast cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway through a synthetic positive feedback circuit unveils a novel role for the MAPKKK Ssk2 in CWI pathway activation
Authors: Jiménez‐Gutiérrez Elena , Alegría‐Carrasco Estíbaliz , Alonso‐Rodríguez Esmeralda , Fernández‐Acero Teresa , Molina María , Martín Humberto 
Published: March 2020

The cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway mediates the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to cell wall alterations. Stress at the cell surface is detected by mechanosensors, which transduce the signal to a protein kinase cascade that involves Pkc1, Bck1, Mkk1/Mkk2, the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) Slt2 and the transcription factor Rlm1. We incorporated a positive feedback loop into this pathway by placing a hyperactive MKK1 allele under the control of the Rlm1‐regulated MLP1 promoter. This circuit operates as a signal amplifier and leads to a highly increased Slt2 activation under stimulating conditions. Triggering the CWI pathway in cells engineered with this circuit, which we have named the Integrity Pathway Activation Circuit (IPAC), results in strong growth inhibition. Exploitation of this hypersensitive phenotype allowed the identification of novel proteins that contribute in signalling to Rlm1 in response to cell surface stressing agents such as Congo red, zymolyase and SDS. Among these proteins, the MAPK kinase kinase Ssk2 of the osmoregulatory high‐osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, but not its paralogue Ssk22, proved to be necessary for the SDS‐induced IPAC‐mediated growth inhibition. We found the existence of an Ssk1‐independent Ssk2‐Pbs2‐Hog1‐CWI pathway signalling axis that contributes to Slt2 activation in response to cell surface stress. We also demonstrated that the MAP kinase kinases Mkk1 and Pbs2 and the MAPKs Slt2 and Hog1 of the HOG and CWI pathways interact physically, forming a complex. Our results show how a simple synthetic circuit can be used as a powerful tool for a better understanding of signalling pathways.
Synthesis of multifunctional hollow SiO2‐CaO‐Fe2O3 glass‐ceramic nanospheres
Authors: Luo Wenqin , Li Bin , Wang Yongya , Pan Guoxiang , Wu Haiyan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlass ceramics with multifunctions of bioactivity, drug delivery, and magnetic hyperthermia have great potential applications in the field of bioscience. Herein, we design and synthesize a multifunctional hollow SiO2‐CaO‐Fe2O3 (SCF) glass‐ceramic nanosphere (GCNS) by a template‐mediated sol‐gel precipitate method. The magnetite as the main crystal phase was successfully precipitated from the SCF glassy matrixes after heat treated at 800°C. The influence of composition and the Fe3+/Fe2+ precursor ratio on the morphology, crystallization, micropore structure, and magnetic properties were systematically studied. Intact spherical hollow SCF GCNSs were obtained under the heat treatment at 800°C for 2 hours when the Fe2O3 content below 15 wt%. Under certain Fe2O3 content, the coercivity and micropore volume of SCF GCNSs were found to be increased with increasing the mole ratio of FeCl3/FeCl2 precursors. High drug loading capacity of 24.2 wt% and sustained drug release were observed from the methylene blue–loaded SCF GCNSs in simulated body fluid solution. The hollow SCF GCNSs synthesized in this work exhibiting good magnetic properties and sustained drug release performance have great potential applications in the cancer therapy.
STone Episode Prediction: Development and validation of the prediction nomogram for urolithiasis
Authors: Okita Kazutaka , Hatakeyama Shingo , Imai Atsushi , Tanaka Toshikazu , Hamano Itsuto , Okamoto Teppei , Tobisawa Yuki , Yoneyama Tohru , Yamamoto Hayato , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Suzuki Tadashi , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo develop and validate a nomogram predicting the occurrence of a stone episode, given the lack of such predicting risk tools for urolithiasis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 1305 patients with urolithiasis and 2800 community‐dwelling individuals who underwent a comprehensive health survey. The STone Episode Prediction nomogram was created based on data from the medical records of 600 patients with urolithiasis and 1300 controls, and was validated using a different population of 705 patients with urolithiasis and 1500 controls. Logistic regression analysis was used to construct a model to predict the potential candidate for a stone episode. The predictive ability of the model was evaluated using the results of the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (area under the curve).ResultsAge, sex, diabetes mellitus, renal function, serum albumin, and serum uric acid were found to be significantly associated with urolithiasis in the training set and were included in the STone Episode Prediction nomogram. The optimal cut‐off value for the probability of a stone episode using the nomogram was >28% with a sensitivity of 79%, a specificity of 76%, and area under the curve of 0.860. In the validation test, area under the curve for the detection of urolithiasis was 0.815 with a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 63%.ConclusionsHerein, we developed and validated the STone Episode Prediction nomogram that can predict a potential candidate for an episode of urolithiasis. This nomogram might be beneficial for the first step in stone screening in individuals with lifestyle‐related diseases.
PilVax, a novel Lactococcus lactis‐based mucosal vaccine platform, stimulates systemic and mucosal immune responses to Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Clow Fiona , Peterken Kelly , Pearson Victoria , Proft Thomas , Radcliff Fiona J 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMost pathogens initiate infection via the mucosa, therefore delivery of vaccines directly to the mucosa is likely to be advantageous for stimulating protective immunity at the site of entry. PilVax is a novel mucosal vaccine platform that harnesses Lactococcus lactis bacteria engineered to stably express multiple copies of vaccine peptide antigens within pili, hair‐like structures which extend from the cell wall. This strategy elicited systemic and mucosal antibody responses to a model antigen after intranasal immunization, but has not been tested for its capacity to stimulate protective mucosal immunity. A well‐characterized linear B‐cell epitope, D3(22–33), from the fibronectin‐binding protein A of Staphylococcus aureus was successfully introduced into PilVax and delivered intranasally to mice. Specific antipeptide immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA antibodies were detected in the serum and respiratory mucosa of vaccinated mice. Responses to the major pilus backbone protein Spy0128 were also assessed; robust antibody responses to this antigen were generated both systemically and in the respiratory and intestinal mucosa. Mice were challenged intranasally with the mouse‐adapted S. aureus JSNZ strain and the S. aureus load quantified 7 days after challenge. Unexpectedly, exposure to PilVax, irrespective of the presence of the peptide, resulted in a significant reduction in S. aureus load in both the intestine and nasal mucosa (both P < 0.05) when compared with unvaccinated control mice. The mechanism(s) of protection are unclear, but merit further investigation to determine whether PilVax is a suitable platform for delivery of vaccine candidate antigens to the mucosa.
Clinical and economic burden of wound care in the tropics: a 5‐year institutional population health review
Authors: Lo Zhiwen J. , Lim Xuxin , Eng Diane , Car Josip , Hong Qiantai , Yong Enming , Zhang Li , Chandrasekar Sadhana , Tan Glenn W. L. , Chan Yam M. , Sim Seow C. , Oei Chien W. , Zhang Xiaojin , Dharmawan Ayliana , Ng Yi Z. , Harding Keith , Upton Zee , Yap Chun W. , Heng Bee H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and economic burden of wound care in the Tropics via a 5‐year institutional population health review. Within our data analysis, wounds are broadly classified into neuro‐ischaemic ulcers (NIUs), venous leg ulcers (VLUs), pressure injuries (PIs), and surgical site infections (SSIs). Between 2013 and 2017, there were a total of 56 583 wound‐related inpatient admissions for 41 461 patients, with a 95.1% increase in wound episodes per 1000 inpatient admissions over this period (142 and 277 wound episodes per 1000 inpatient admissions in 2013 and 2017, respectively). In 2017, the average length of stay for each wound episode was 17.7 days, which was 2.4 times that of an average acute admission at our institution. The average gross charge per wound episode was USD $12 967. Among the 12 218 patients with 16 674 wound episodes in 2017, 71.5% were more than 65 years of age with an average Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) of 7.2. Half (51.9%) were moderately or severely frail, while 41.3% had two or more wound‐related admission episodes. In 2017, within our healthcare cluster, the gross healthcare costs for all inpatient wound episodes stand at USD $216 million within hospital care and USD $596 000 within primary care. Most NIU patients (97.2%) had diabetes and they had the most comorbidities (average CCI 8.4) and were the frailest group of patients (44.9% severely frail). The majority of the VLU disease burden was at the specialist outpatient setting, with the average 1‐year VLU recurrence rate at 52.5% and median time between healing and recurrence at 9.5 months. PI patients were the oldest (86.5% more than 65 years‐old), constituted the largest cohort of patients with 3874 patients at an incidence of 64.6 per 1000 admissions in 2017, and have a 1‐year all‐cause mortality rate of 14.3%. For SSI patients, there was a 125% increase of 14.2 SSI wound episodes per 1000 inpatient admissions in 2013 to 32.0 in 2017, and a 413% increase in wound‐related 30‐day re‐admissions, from 40 in 2013 (4.1% of all surgeries) to 205 (8.3% of all surgeries) in 2017. The estimated gross healthcare cost per patient ranges from USD $15789–17 761 across the wound categories. Similar to global data, there is a significant and rising trend in the clinical and economic burden of wound care in Tropics.
Development and validation of a 10‐gene prognostic signature for acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Yang Zuyi , Shang Jun , Li Ning , Zhang Liang , Tang Tingting , Tian Guoyan , Chen Xiaohui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is the most common type of adult acute leukaemia and has a poor prognosis. Thus, optimal risk stratification is of greatest importance for reasonable choice of treatment and prognostic evaluation. For our study, a total of 1707 samples of AML patients from three public databases were divided into meta‐training, meta‐testing and validation sets. The meta‐training set was used to build risk prediction model, and the other four data sets were employed for validation. By log‐rank test and univariate COX regression analysis as well as LASSO‐COX, AML patients were divided into high‐risk and low‐risk groups based on AML risk score (AMLRS) which was constituted by 10 survival‐related genes. In meta‐training, meta‐testing and validation sets, the patient in the low‐risk group all had a significantly longer OS (overall survival) than those in the high‐risk group (P < .001), and the area under ROC curve (AUC) by time‐dependent ROC was 0.5854‐0.7905 for 1 year, 0.6652‐0.8066 for 3 years and 0.6622‐0.8034 for 5 years. Multivariate COX regression analysis indicated that AMLRS was an independent prognostic factor in four data sets. Nomogram combining the AMLRS and two clinical parameters performed well in predicting 1‐year, 3‐year and 5‐year OS. Finally, we created a web‐based prognostic model to predict the prognosis of AML patients (https://tcgi.shinyapps.io/amlrs_nomogram/).
Immigration, Race and the Radical Right: Politics and Policy from Colonialism to Brexit
Authors: Givens Terri E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractI began studying the radical right and immigration policy in Europe in the mid‐1990s and when conducting my research, I have been acutely aware of the impact of my background and personal experiences on my perspectives on these issues. As an African American, first‐generation college graduate, I am unusual in my knowledge of French and German, let alone the fact that I study immigration and radical right parties in Europe. In fact, given that my name is gender neutral and non‐ethnic sounding, many who meet me are surprised that I am the Terri Givens who wrote the classic book, Voting Radical Right in Western Europe. However, I believe that it is important for a diversity of voices to reflect on and conduct research into these topics.