bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Car Wash to Bolsonaro: Law and Lawyers in Brazil's Illiberal Turn (2014–2018)
Authors: DE SA E SILVA FABIO 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLaw and lawyers tend to be seen as either preferential victims of or key counterforces to rising illiberalism. Brazil offers a good testbed for these claims. Brazilian democracy has deteriorated considerably, as epitomized by the election of Jair Bolsonaro in 2018. Yet, since 2014, law and lawyers have become ever more central to Brazil's field of state power. As the anti‐corruption initiative Car Wash (Lava Jato) gained momentum, Brazilian judges and prosecutors were celebrated, locally and globally, as champions of transparency, accountability, and ‘the rule of law’. Following a closer look at Car Wash, this article questions such idealization of law and lawyers. Drawing on research on press interviews and statements by Car Wash legal officers, I find that, throughout the case, they produced a ‘political grammar’ that is closer to illiberalism than many would predict. Based on recent developments in the sociology of fields, I argue that the production of these grammars yields societal effects that deserve scholarly and civic attention.
System‐Spanning Values Work and Entrepreneurial Growth in Family Firms
Authors: Raitis Johanna , Sasaki Innan , Kotlar Josip 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCulture and values are key drivers of corporate entrepreneurship in early stages of family firm development, but value conflicts often arise over time that progressively inhibit their entrepreneurial efforts. How can family firms reconcile conflicting values to sustain corporate entrepreneurship over time? Our 45‐year longitudinal case study of a large global family firm shows that family business leaders’ practices of invoking and flexibly using family and business values were crucial to achieve sustained entrepreneurial behaviour and growth over an extended period of time. We theorize these efforts as system‐spanning values work enfolding through specific family, business, and temporal mechanisms. By identifying and elucidating three types of values work (i.e., rooting, revitalizing, and spreading), our study advances current understanding of the micro‐foundations underpinning the relationship between values and entrepreneurship in family firms.
Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Lithium Disilicate Endocrowns Fabricated By Heat‐Pressable and Subtractive Techniques
Authors: El Ghoul Wiam , Salameh Ziad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and to compare the marginal and the internal fit of milled (MLE) and heat‐pressed lithium disilicate endocrowns (PLE).Materials and MethodsThirty mandibular molars were prepared following the circumferential butt margin endocrown preparations; the cervical margin is parallel to the occlusal surface without ferrule design. A digital scan of molars was made using an intraoral digital scanner. The samples were separated into two groups (n = 15 per group); MLE: endocrowns were milled using LDS blocks and a 5‐axis milling machine, PLE: endocrowns were heat‐pressed using lost wax technique and LDS ingots. Marginal and internal adaptation were assessed using a replica technique and a stereomicroscope, selecting 32 measurements on each endocrown. Data were analyzed with one‐way repeated measures ANOVA, two‐way repeated measures ANOVA, student's t‐test and paired student t‐test (α = 0.05).ResultsStatistically significant interactions were recorded between fabrication technique and region (p < 0.05), F (1.97, 27.69) = 5.462. Group MLE displayed significantly smaller gaps than PLE in all regions (p < 0.001). The largest gap was observed at the pulpal floor in both groups. The internal gap was significantly larger than the marginal gap in MLE group (p < 0.001), while no statistically significant difference was observed in PLE group (p = 0.082).ConclusionHeat‐pressed and milled lithium disilicate endocrowns are clinically suitable, but the milled technique displayed a better fit than heat‐pressed technique when marginal and internal adaptation were examined.
Association of human papillomavirus vaccination with exposure to dental or medical visits
Authors: Shukla Anubhuti , McKenna Maria , Hayes Catherine , Klevens Ruth Monina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with oropharyngeal cancers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that >15,000 new cases of HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancers are diagnosed in the United States annually. We evaluated an association between HPV vaccination and dental visits in the previous year.MethodsData were analyzed from the 2012, 2014, and 2016 Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (MA‐BRFSS) datasets. We created four categories of exposures to healthcare services in the past 12 months: a) both medical and dental visits, b) medical visit only, c) dental visit only, d) neither. Outcomes were HPV vaccination ever or influenza vaccination within the past 12 months. Logistic regression, controlled for race and education, was used to measure the association between medical/dental visits and vaccination status. Separate models were generated by sex.ResultsCrude and adjusted odds ratio of influenza and HPV vaccination were highest among males and females with both medical and dental visits. Women with both medical and dental provider visits had 3.7 times higher odds of being vaccinated for influenza and 1.7 times higher odds of being vaccinated for HPV. There were no differences in crude or adjusted odds among both males and females if the type of healthcare visits were only medical or only dental.ConclusionNo difference in association between vaccination and medical or dental healthcare exposures suggests that oral health professionals might partner in promotion of positive health behaviors, including HPV vaccination. The type of provider did not affect the outcome as per this study.
Fibroblast growth factor‐23 as an early marker of CKD‐mineral bone disorder in dogs: preliminary investigation
Authors: Miyakawa H. , Nagatani Y. , Ogawa M. , Nagakawa M. , Sakatani A. , Akabane R. , Miyagawa Y. , Takemura N. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between fibroblast growth factor‐23 levels, chronic kidney disease severity and mineral metabolic disorders associated to chronic kidney disease in dogs.Materials and MethodsFifteen control and 75 chronic kidney disease dogs were retrospectively included. Serum fibroblast growth factor‐23 concentration and other phosphate metabolite parameters were compared between controls and each International Renal Interest Society stage. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of fibroblast growth factor‐23.ResultsSerum fibroblast growth factor‐23 concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with IRIS stages 2, 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease than those in dogs in control group and with stage 1 and increased along with the severity of chronic kidney disease. Compared with control dogs, serum intact parathyroid hormone significantly increased from stage 2 and serum phosphorus concentrations increased in dogs with stage 4. In dogs with stage 2, fibroblast growth factor‐23 levels significantly increased in those with hyperphosphatemia compared with those with normophosphatemia. While eight of 26 (30.8%) dogs with stage 2 developed hyperparathyroidism (intact parathyroid hormone>8.5 ng/L), 19 (73.1%) dogs with stage 2 had elevated fibroblast growth factor‐23 levels above the reference range (>528 pg/mL). Log creatinine, log intact parathyroid hormone and log product of total calcium and phosphorus were independent predictors of log fibroblast growth factor‐23.Clinical SignificanceThis preliminary study suggests that canine fibroblast growth factor‐23 might be involved in mineral metabolic disorders associated to chronic kidney disease in dogs, and this factor could be potentially used as an early marker for this condition.
A Meta‐Analysis of Single‐Case Research on Mathematics Word Problem‐Solving Interventions for English Learners with Learning Disabilities and Mathematics Difficulties
Authors: Lei Qingli , Mason Rose A. , Xin Yan Ping , Davis John L. , David Marie , Lory Catharine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis single‐case meta‐analysis is the first to provide a quantitative synthesis of the published literature on mathematics word problem‐solving intervention studies for English learners with learning disabilities and mathematics difficulties. A total of ten single‐subject studies were included for analysis. The current study investigated the magnitude of the effect of mathematics interventions targeting the improvement of students’ mathematics word problem‐solving performance, and analyzed variables that moderated this effect. Results indicate a moderate overall effect size of 0.81 (95% CI [0.71, 0.90]) on word problem‐solving performance for English learners with learning disabilities and mathematics difficulties. Moderator variables such as the implementer of the interventions, instructional focus, and word problem‐solving content significantly moderated the mathematics intervention effects.
Is medicinal ketamine associated with urinary dysfunction issues? Assessment of both the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the UK Yellow Card Scheme pharmacovigilance database‐related reports
Authors: Schifano Nicolo' , Chiappini Stefania , Castiglione Fabio , Salonia Andrea , Schifano Fabrizio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveA range of ketamine‐induced uropathy (KIU) issues have been typically described in ketamine misusers. Conversely, more knowledge is needed in terms of medicinal ketamine‐related urological disturbances, since ketamine prescribing is being increasingly considered for a range of medical and psychopathological conditions.MethodsTo assess medicinal KIU issues, we aimed at analyzing both the 2005–2017 European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the 2006–2018 UK Yellow Card Scheme (YCS) pharmacovigilance databases.ResultsA total number (eg, all categories) of 11 632 EMA ketamine‐related adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports were here identified. Out of these, some 9971 ADRs (eg, 85.7% of the total) were judged as “suspect” and were here analyzed. Some 1758 ADRs (17.7% of 9971, corresponding to 194 individual patients) referred to urological issues, relating to either kidney/ureter (922 ADRs) or bladder/urethra (837 ADRs). Ketamine was the sole drug administered in 156/194 (80.4%) cases/patients. Although most cases occurred in the 1 month‐1 year time frame following the start of ketamine prescribing, in 30 cases the ADR occurred within 48 hours. Most ADR‐related cases resolved, although both sequelae (18 cases) and fatalities (79/1758; 4.5%) were recorded. Overall, YCS data were consistent with EMA findings, with some 50/217 (23%) ADRs referring to renal/urinary disorders.ConclusionsCurrent data may only represent a gross underestimate of the KIU real prevalence issues. It is here suggested that chronic treatment involving higher doses/repeated exposure to ketamine be restricted to the context of controlled trials or clinical audits.
Use of virus‐induced gene silencing to characterize genes involved in modulating hypersensitive cell death in maize
Authors: Murphree Colin , Kim Saet‐Byul , Karre Shailesh , Samira Rozalynne , Balint‐Kurti Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlant disease resistance proteins (R‐proteins) detect specific pathogen‐derived molecules, triggering a defence response often including a rapid localized cell death at the point of pathogen penetration called the hypersensitive response (HR). The maize Rp1‐D21 gene encodes a protein that triggers a spontaneous HR causing spots on leaves in the absence of any pathogen. Previously, we used fine mapping and functional analysis in a Nicotiana benthamiana transient expression system to identify and characterize a number of genes associated with variation in Rp1‐D21‐induced HR. Here we describe a system for characterizing genes mediating HR, using virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) in a maize line carrying Rp1‐D21. We assess the roles of 12 candidate genes. Three of these genes, SGT1, RAR1, and HSP90, are required for HR induced by a number of R‐proteins across several plant–pathogen systems. We confirmed that maize HSP90 was required for full Rp1‐D21‐induced HR. However, suppression of SGT1 expression unexpectedly increased the severity of Rp1‐D21‐induced HR while suppression of RAR1 expression had no measurable effect. We confirmed the effects on HR of two genes we had previously validated in the N. benthamiana system, hydroxycinnamoyltransferase and caffeoyl CoA O‐methyltransferase. We further showed the suppression the expression of two previously uncharacterized, candidate genes, IQ calmodulin binding protein (IQM3) and vacuolar protein sorting protein 37, suppressed Rp1‐D21‐induced HR. This approach is an efficient way to characterize the roles of genes modulating the hypersensitive defence response and other dominant lesion phenotypes in maize.
Sensory features of the human louse antenna: new contributions and comparisons between ecotypes
Authors: Ortega‐Insaurralde I. , Picollo M. I. , Barrozo R. B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBody and head lice are known to be exclusive ectoparasites of human hosts. Current genomic and transcriptomic data suggest that both louse types represent ecotypes of the same species. They exhibit morphological and physiological differences that probably arose from living in different biotopes. Sensory traits represent suitable candidates to be affected by environmental heterogeneity. Therefore, through scanning electron microscope studies, this study analysed and compared the sensory structures of both ecotypes' antennae. Seven types of sensory structures were identified in both ecotypes: bristles, tuft organs, pore organs, single pore and three morphotypes of sensilla basiconica. Notably, the single pore and the morphotypes of sensilla basiconica were described for the first time in the body louse antenna. This study's comparative analysis mainly revealed size differences across the sensory structures of the ecotypes. Bristles of the flagellomere 2 of the body louse antenna were longer than the head louse bristles. In addition, the pore organs of the head louse antenna presented a higher diameter than those of the body louse. The possible relevance of size differences regarding the biotopes exploited by the body louse and the head louse is discussed. Yet, physiological studies may help to fully understand the phenotypical differences of both ecotypes.
A receptor‐like protein from Nicotiana benthamiana mediates VmE02 PAMP‐triggered immunity
Authors: Nie Jiajun , Zhou Wenjing , Liu Jianying , Tan Ni , Zhou Jian‐Min , Huang Lili 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Plants use their innate immune system to defend against phytopathogens. As a part of this, pattern triggered‐immunity is activated via pattern recognition receptor (PRR) detection of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Although an increasing number of PAMPs have been identified, the PRRs for their recognition remain largely unknown.

In the present study, we report a receptor‐like protein RE02 (Response to VmE02) in Nicotiana benthamiana, which mediates the perception of VmE02, a PAMP previously identified from the phytopathogenic fungus Valsa mali, using virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS), co‐immunoprecipitation, pull‐down and microscale thermophoresis assays.

We show that silencing of RE02 markedly attenuated VmE02‐triggred cell death and immune responses. RE02 specifically interacted with VmE02 in vivo and in vitro, and it displayed a high affinity for VmE02. Formation of a complex with the receptor‐like kinases SOBIR1 and BAK1 was essential for RE02 to perceive VmE02. Moreover, RE02‐silenced plants exhibited enhanced susceptibility to both the oomycete Phytophthora capsici and the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, while overexpression of RE02 increased plant resistance to these pathogens.

Together, our results indicate that the PAMP VmE02 and the receptor‐like protein RE02 represent a new ligand–receptor pair in plant immunity, and that RE02 represents a promising target for engineering disease resistance.
Sjögren‐Larsson syndrome: Anesthetic considerations and practical recommendations
Authors: Franzen Marcellene H. , LeRiger Michelle M. , Pellegrino Kaitlyn P. , Kugler Jane A. , Rizzo William B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSjögren‐Larsson syndrome is a rare inherited neurocutaneous disorder characterized by congenital ichthyosis, spasticity, intellectual disability, seizures, and ophthalmologic changes. Most individuals with Sjögren‐Larsson syndrome live well into adulthood and often require surgical intervention to manage their symptomatology.AimsThe aim of this work was to review the clinical aspects of Sjögren‐Larsson syndrome, highlight the unique anesthetic considerations associated with this disease, and provide practical recommendations about anesthetic management.MethodsA retrospective case review from February 2013 to October 2019 was performed based on subject participation in a Sjögren‐Larsson syndrome longitudinal study at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. Anesthetic and surgical records were reviewed for the following data: age, sex, relevant comorbid conditions, anesthetic induction and maintenance agents, intravenous and oral analgesics, muscle relaxants, and anesthetic‐related complications.ResultsFourteen patients with Sjögren‐Larsson syndrome undergoing 48 anesthetic events were identified. A variety of anesthetic techniques was utilized. No serious adverse events were encountered. The most common clinical observations were related to the ichthyosis seen in Sjögren‐Larsson syndrome, which led to difficulty in adherence of electrocardiogram leads and intravenous catheter dressings.ConclusionsWe found that anesthesia can be safely administered in patients with Sjögren‐Larsson syndrome. Providers should be aware of anesthetic management issues in Sjögren‐Larsson syndrome including challenges placing and securing lines and monitors secondary to the ichthyosis.
Downy mildew resistance is genetically mediated by prophylactic production of phenylpropanoids in hop
Authors: Feiner Alexander , Pitra Nicholi , Matthews Paul , Pillen Klaus , Wessjohann Ludger A. , Riewe David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDowny mildew in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli and generates significant losses in quality and yield. To identify the biochemical processes that confer natural downy mildew resistance (DMR), a metabolome‐ and genome‐wide association study was performed. Inoculation of a high density genotyped F1 hop population (n = 192) with the obligate biotrophic oomycete P. humuli led to variation in both the levels of thousands of specialized metabolites and DMR. We observed that metabolites of almost all major phytochemical classes were induced 48 hr after inoculation. But only a small number of metabolites were found to be correlated with DMR and these were enriched with phenylpropanoids. These metabolites were also correlated with DMR when measured from the non‐infected control set. A genome‐wide association study revealed co‐localization of the major DMR loci and the phenylpropanoid pathway markers indicating that the major contribution to resistance is mediated by these metabolites in a heritable manner. The application of three putative prophylactic phenylpropanoids led to a reduced degree of leaf infection in susceptible genotypes, confirming their protective activity either directly or as precursors of active compounds.
Effect of general anesthesia on delayed repeat enema in pediatric intussusception
Authors: Elzeneini Wael M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of delayed repeated enema (DRE) and to evaluate the effect of general anesthesia (GA) on DRE.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of all children below 3 years with primary intussusception who were offered DRE in our tertiary center, from 2014 until 2019.Following a standardized pneumatic enema protocol, those who showed a partially successful result were offered DRE 2 h later, either awake (Group A) or under GA (Group B). DRE under GA was our preferred procedure unless there were no pediatric anesthetists available at that time. Data collected for each group included age, sex, duration of symptoms, success rate of the DRE, and any complications noted.ResultsThe study included 57 children (32 males and 25 females). The median age in Group A (31 patients) was 10 months while in Group B (26 patients) it was 11 months. The number of patients with duration of symptoms < 24 h vs > 24 h was 12:19 and 9:17 in Group A and B patients respectively. DRE was successful in 14/31 (45.2%) of Group A patients with one complication and in 9/26 (34.6%) of Group B patients with no complications.There was no statistically significant difference between both groups’ success rate and complication rate. Both groups were similar in age, sex, and duration of symptoms.ConclusionsDRE can effectively increase the overall success rate of pneumatic enema in selected patients with pediatric intussusception. However, the current evidence does not justify the routine use of GA during attempts DRE attempts.
Plant growth shapes the effects of elevation on the content and variability of flavonoids in subalpine bilberry stands
Authors: Filippi A. , Braidot E. , Petrussa E. , Fabro M. , Vuerich M. , Boscutti F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The study of morphological and physiological responses of shrubs to climate is crucial for the understanding of future scenarios regarding climate change. In this light, studying shrub growth and physiological acclimation along an elevation gradient might be insightful. The phenolic metabolic pathway represents a powerful tool to interpret such processes.

In the South‐Eastern Alps, we investigated the relationships between elevation, plant traits (i.e. age, xylem ring width, annual shoot length), plant–plant interaction (i.e. shrub cover) and flavonoids in Vaccinium myrtillus L. (leaves, berries) in stands above the treeline. The relationships were parsed within causal networks using a confirmatory path analysis.

Elevation was the main driver of V. myrtillus growth, having both direct and indirect effects on the leaf flavonoid content, but this was less evident for berries. In particular, the content of foliar flavonoids showed a peak at mid‐elevation and where the growth of xylem rings was intermediate, while it decreased in stands with higher shoot length. Flavonoid content variability of both leaves and berries was affected by elevation and shoot length. In berries, flavonoid variability was further related to all growth traits and shrub cover.

These findings evidence that flavonoid content is influenced by both elevation and growth traits of V. myrtillus, often showing non‐linear relationships. These results suggest a trait‐mediated response of this plant to climate conditions as a result of trade‐offs between plant growth, plant defence, environmental stress and nutrient/resource availability.