bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium silicate against clay brick masonry: an experimental comparison of the in-plane behaviour during light damage
Authors: Korswagen Paul A. , Longo Michele , Rots Jan G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe north of the Netherlands is prone to frequent, light earthquakes linked to economical losses and societal unrest due to the induced seismicity in the region. These light earthquakes produce correspondingly low values of in-plane drift on the typical masonry structures of the region, many of which are built with cavity walls composed of an inner, load-bearing calcium-silicate masonry leaf, and an outer, exposed fired-clay masonry veneer. To assess the resulting damage from the lighter earthquakes, it is thus necessary to understand the difference in behaviour of the inner and the outer masonry leaves when exposed to the same drift values. Experimental tests of replicated, full-scale calcium-silicate brick walls and spandrels are detailed herein and compared to previously tested clay masonry samples. A purposely developed, scalar damage parameter is used to assess the width, number and length of the cracks to objectively quantify damage. High resolution digital image correlation is used to accurately monitor the initiation and propagation of cracks. The experiments reveal that calcium-silicate samples exhibit slightly greater damage than clay samples when subjected to the same in-plane drift. From the tests, drift values for light damage or ‘damage state one’ are set between 0.15 and 0.65‰ for the type of wall tested. Moreover, in these tests, cracks in calcium-silicate samples were significantly more likely to split brick units, whereas cracks in the type of clay samples employed, always followed the masonry joints. This fundamental difference in the light-damage behaviour between the two materials is of importance when considering the perception of damage, the strategies and cost of the repairs, and the strategies for strengthening of masonry structures with cavity walls resembling the type of masonry tested herein.
Phase 3 Multicenter Study of Revusiran in Patients with Hereditary Transthyretin-Mediated (hATTR) Amyloidosis with Cardiomyopathy (ENDEAVOUR)
Authors: Judge Daniel P. , Kristen Arnt V. , Grogan Martha , Maurer Mathew S. , Falk Rodney H. , Hanna Mazen , Gillmore Julian , Garg Pushkal , Vaishnaw Akshay K. , Harrop Jamie , Powell Christine , Karsten Verena , Zhang Xiaoping , Sweetser Marianne T. , Vest John , Hawkins Philip N. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The Phase 3 ENDEAVOUR study evaluated revusiran, an investigational RNA interference therapeutic targeting hepatic transthyretin (TTR) production, for treating cardiomyopathy caused by hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis.

Methods
Patients with hATTR amyloidosis with cardiomyopathy were randomized 2:1 to receive subcutaneous daily revusiran 500 mg (n = 140) or placebo (n = 66) for 5 days over a week followed by weekly doses. Co-primary endpoints were 6-min walk test distance and serum TTR reduction.

Results
Revusiran treatment was stopped after a median of 6.71 months; the study Sponsor prematurely discontinued dosing due to an observed mortality imbalance between treatment arms. Eighteen (12.9%) patients on revusiran and 2 (3.0%) on placebo died during the on-treatment period. Most deaths in both treatment arms were adjudicated as cardiovascular due to heart failure (HF), consistent with the natural history of the disease. A post hoc safety investigation of patients treated with revusiran found that, at baseline, a greater proportion of those who died were ≥ 75 years and showed clinical evidence of more advanced HF compared with those who were alive throughout treatment. Revusiran pharmacokinetic exposures and TTR lowering did not show meaningful differences between patients who died and who were alive. Revusiran did not deleteriously affect echocardiographic parameters, cardiac biomarkers, or frequency of cardiovascular and HF hospitalization events.

Conclusions
Causes for the observed mortality imbalance associated with revusiran were thoroughly investigated and no clear causative mechanism could be identified. Although the results suggest similar progression of cardiac parameters in both treatment arms, a role for revusiran cannot be excluded.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT02319005.
Smoking cessation and incident dementia in elderly Japanese: the Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study
Authors: Lu Yukai , Sugawara Yumi , Zhang Shu , Tomata Yasutake , Tsuji Ichiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo investigate the association of smoking status and years since smoking cessation with the risk of incident dementia among elderly Japanese. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of smoking status and smoking cessation with dementia in prospective cohort study of 12,489 Japanese individuals aged ≥ 65 years who were followed up for 5.7 years. Information on smoking status and other lifestyle factors was collected via a questionnaire in 2006. Data on incident dementia were retrieved from the public Long-term Care Insurance Database. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for incident dementia. During 61,613 person-years of follow-up, 1110 cases (8.9%) of incident dementia were documented. Compared with individuals who had never smoked, current smokers showed a higher risk of dementia (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.17, 1.80). Among ex-smokers, the risk for those who had stopped smoking for ≤ 2 years was still high (HR 1.39, 95% CI 0.96, 2.01), however, quitting smoking for 3 years or longer mitigated the increased risk incurred by smokers; the multivariable HRs (95% CIs) were 1.03 (0.70, 1.53) for those who had stopped smoking for 3–5 years, 1.04 (0.74, 1.45) for 6–10 years, 1.19 (0.84, 1.69) for 11–15 years, and 0.92 (0.73, 1.15) for > 15 years. Our study suggests that the risk of incident dementia among ex-smokers becomes the same level as that of never smokers if they maintain abstinence from smoking for at least 3 years.
What Ought a Fruitful Explicatum to be?
Authors: Pinder Mark 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany concepts are inadequate for serious inquiry, so theorists often seek to engineer new concepts. The method of explication, which involves replacing concepts with more fruitful alternatives, is a model of this process. In this paper, I develop an account of fruitfulness, the Relevant-Goals Account of Fruitfulness. The account is in the spirit of extant proposals, but develops and extends them in important ways. In particular, while it applies to explications in general, the account allows us to derive substantive details for specific explications. This is achieved through a supplementary view, Contextualism, that specifies which theoretical goals are relevant in any given case. I close by discussing how the Relevant-Goals Account fits into the dynamic nature of inquiry.
The Virtues of Will-Power – from a Philosophical & Psychological Perspective
Authors: Szutta Natasza 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVirtue ethics is currently one of the most widely known ethical theories. According to it, to act morally well, one needs to perfect one’s moral character by acquiring virtues. Among various virtues, we can distinguish the group of so-called virtues of will power to which, among others, belong self-control, decisiveness, patience, etc. As they are necessary for the effectiveness of human actions, they are also called executive virtues. It is doubtful, however, if they deserve the proper name of virtues because they can be used either in the realization of good goals or evil ones. To serve the realization of what is good, they need to be combined with so-called substantial virtues (e.g., benevolence, honesty, or justice). Virtues of will power are often identified with practical skills, and perfecting will power is identified with exercising such practices as playing an instrument, doing some sports, or taking practice in medicine. In my article, I am trying to compare the view of will power virtues with the results in empirical, psychological studies over self-control and self-regulation. I will show to what extent these two descriptions – philosophical and psychological – are congruent. I will also take a closer look at the observed phenomenon of the depleted will, and whether this observation undermines the conclusions assumptions of virtue ethics.
The super-disadvantaged in higher education: barriers to access for refugee background students in England
Authors: Lambrechts Agata A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn view of the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ which began in late 2014, there is a growing potential demand for higher education opportunities amongst refugee communities in England and more widely in Europe. Whilst exact numbers are not certain, it is necessary to establish whether such demands can be met at all. Based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with nineteen refugees and asylum seekers residing in England, this study explores refugee background students’ perceptions of the barriers to higher education and builds on previous research by including participants of varied ages, locations and study statuses — namely, aspiring to enrol, or currently enrolled in universities. While existing previous research provided extensive accounts of barriers to access, these were presented as separate issues, where in reality, these factors rarely occur in isolation. Thus, the analytical focus in this paper concerns how these different barriers to access not only accumulate, but also inter-relate and exacerbate each other, leading to what can be described as a super-disadvantage. This new term is proposed here as indicating the extreme degree of denial of equal access to educational opportunities experienced by those with refugee background, resulting from the added, independent effect of their migration experiences, status, and the socio-economic realities of living as a refugee. It is argued that this ‘super-disadvantage’ cannot be overcome without deliberate changes to outreach and support delivered by universities. These must be developed in partnerships with third sector experts and the refugee background students themselves.
Meiofauna as a model to test paradigms of ecological metacommunity theory
Authors: Gansfort Birgit , Fontaneto Diego , Zhai Marie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe metacommunity concept incorporates spatial dynamics into community ecology, shedding light on how local and regional processes interact in structuring ecological communities, and to which measure they are deterministic or stochastic. We reviewed metacommunity studies on freshwater meiobenthos published since 2004, when the main principles of metacommunity theory were conceptualized. The studies (together 19) were observational, focused mainly on ostracods, and rarely on rotifers and nematodes. In accordance with general expectations, the prevalent structuring force was species sorting. Ostracods showed more dispersal limitations than nematodes and rotifers, and there was very little support for dispersal surplus. We discussed the role of body size, dispersal mode, and attachment to sediment for the meiofauna dispersal. Effects of metacommunity context (habitat connectivity, spatial extent, and environmental heterogeneity), study design (e.g., sample size), and statistical approach could not be sufficiently disentangled due to the low number of studies. Local stochasticity, consistent with neutral theory and patch dynamics, was indicated for taxa with weak specialization and metacommunities in small habitats. Our understanding of meiofaunal metacommunities is only fragmentary and it would highly benefit from direct comparisons of taxa with different species traits and between different spatial scales, and studies incorporating temporal dynamics and hypothesis-driven experiments.
Continuous Wave THz System Based on an Electrically Tunable Monolithic Dual Wavelength Y-Branch DBR Diode Laser
Authors: Gwaro Jared O. , Brenner Carsten , Theurer L. S. , Maiwald M. , Sumpf Bernd , Hofmann Martin R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe analyse the use of a tunable dual wavelength Y-branch DBR laser diode for THz applications. The laser generates electrically tunable THz difference frequencies in the range between 100 and 300 GHz. The optical beats are tuned via current injection into a micro-resistor heater integrated on top of one of the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) section of the diode. The laser is integrated in a homodyne THz system employing fiber coupled ion-implanted LT-GaAs log spiral antennas. The applicability of the developed system in THz spectroscopy is demonstrated by evaluating the spectral resonances of a THz filter as well as in THz metrology in thickness determination of a polyethylene sample.
A unifying 2D action for integrable $$\sigma $$-models from 4D Chern–Simons theory
Authors: Delduc Francois , Lacroix Sylvain , Magro Marc , Vicedo Benoît 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the approach recently proposed by K. Costello and M. Yamazaki, which is based on a four-dimensional variant of Chern–Simons theory, we derive a simple and unifying two-dimensional form for the action of many integrable$$\sigma $$σ-models which are known to admit descriptions as affine Gaudin models. This includes both the Yang–Baxter deformation and the$$\lambda $$λ-deformation of the principal chiral model. We also give an interpretation of Poisson–LieT-duality in this setting and derive the action of the$$\textsf {E} $$E-model.
Feasibility of School-Based Identification of Children and Adolescents Experiencing, or At-risk of Developing, Mental Health Difficulties: a Systematic Review
Authors: Soneson Emma , Howarth Emma , Ford Tamsin , Humphrey Ayla , Jones Peter B. , Thompson Coon Jo , Rogers Morwenna , Anderson Joanna K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnder-identification of mental health difficulties (MHD) in children and young people contributes to the significant unmet need for mental health care. School-based programmes have the potential to improve identification rates. This systematic review aimed to determine the feasibility of various models of school-based identification of MHD. We conducted systematic searches in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, British Education Index, and ASSIA using terms for mental health combined with terms for school-based identification. We included studies that assessed feasibility of school-based identification of students in formal education aged 3–18 with MHD, symptomatology of MHD, or exposed to risks for MHD. Feasibility was defined in terms of (1) intervention fit, (2) cost and resource implications, (3) intervention complexity, flexibility, manualisation, and time concerns, and (4) adverse events. Thirty-three studies met inclusion criteria. The majority focused on behavioural and socioemotional problems or suicide risk, examined universal screening models, and used cross-sectional designs. In general, school-based programmes for identifying MHD aligned with schools’ priorities, but their appropriateness for students varied by condition. Time, resource, and cost concerns were the most common barriers to feasibility across models and conditions. The evidence base regarding feasibility is limited, and study heterogeneity prohibits definitive conclusions about the feasibility of different identification models. Education, health, and government agencies must determine how to allocate available resources to make the widespread adoption of school-based identification programmes more feasible. Furthermore, the definition and measurement of feasibility must be standardised to promote any future comparison between models and conditions.
Is constitutionalized media freedom only window dressing? Evidence from terrorist attacks
Authors: Bjørnskov Christian , Voigt Stefan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMedia freedom is often curtailed in the wake of terrorist attacks. In this contribution, we ask whether constitutional provisions that are intended—directly or indirectly—to protect media freedom affect the degree to which press freedom is curtailed after terrorist incidents. We find that neither provisions explicitly protecting media freedom nor provisions that might protect media freedom indirectly (such as those guaranteeing the independence of the judiciary) mitigate the post-terror curtailment of press freedom.
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Over Me (Pt, Pd, Ni, Cu)/TiO2 Catalysts
Authors: Shtyka Oleksandr , Ciesielski Radoslaw , Kedziora Adam , Maniukiewicz W. , Dubkov Sergey , Gromov Dmitry , Maniecki Tomasz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA series of TiO2 photocatalysts loaded with various metals (Pt, Pd, Ni, and Cu) were prepared by using the wet impregnation method. Their physicochemical properties were studied by using XRD, BET, TPR-H2, FTIR and TPD-NH3/CO2 techniques. The photocatalytic activity of samples was investigated in the gas-phase reduction of carbon dioxide under continuous flow operation mode. Among all investigated catalysts, the Pt and Ni were the most active in terms of the formation rate of methanol. In general, the photocatalytic activity of modified TiO2 decreased with increasing metal loading and reaction time. The reversible deactivation of photocatalysts was associated with the covering of TiO2 surface by the reaction products.
Kant’s Antinomies of Pure Reason and the ‘Hexagon of Predicate Negation’
Authors: McLaughlin Peter , Schlaudt Oliver 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBased on an analysis of the category of “infinite judgments” in Kant, we will introduce the logical hexagon of predicate negation. This hexagon allows us to visualize in a single diagram the general structure of both Kant’s solution of the antinomies of pure reason and his argument in favor of Transcendental Idealism.
Comparison of biomass burning tracer concentrations between two winter seasons in Krynica Zdrój
Authors: Janoszka Katarzyna , Czaplicka Marianna , Klejnowski Krzysztof 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiomass burning is one source of air pollution that emits soot, smoke, particulate matter, free radicals and other substances, affecting human health, air quality, cloud formation processes and climate change. During biomass burning, organic biomass burning tracers are emitted, such as levoglucosan and its isomers mannosan and galactosan, which are formed at temperatures above 300 °C during cellulose and hemicellulose pyrolysis. The objective of this research is the measurement of biomass burning tracer concentrations in PM10 samples in Krynica during two winter seasons from 01.12.2017 to 31.03.2018 and from 01.12.2018 to 26.03.2019. The average concentrations of organic carbon were 9.48 μg/m3 in the 2017/2018 season and 8.79 μg/m3 in the 2018/2019 season. The average concentration of levoglucosan in the PM10 samples in 2017/2018 was 137 ng/m3, while in 2018/2019, the average concentration reached 245 ng/m3. Levoglucosan was the dominant compound among the determined biomass burning tracers, accounting for 88.6% in 2017/2018 and 72.4% in 2018/2019. The conducted measurements show that the levoglucosan to mannosan ratio was equal to 10.5 and 3.9 in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, respectively. The biomass smoke organic carbon was approximately 10.6% in 2017/2018 and 20.5% in 2018/2019. These results correspond to the contribution of biomass smoke to organic carbon, which was equal to 14.4% and 28.4% in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons, respectively.
Transnationalisierung sozialer Lebenswelten junger Erwachsener durch Mobilität?
Authors: Herz Andreas 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungMobilität, auch über nationalstaatliche Grenzen hinweg, ist für viele junge Menschen Normalität in Europa. Inwiefern grenzüberschreitende Mobilität damit in Zusammenhang steht, dass junge Menschen in Europa Beziehungen zu Personen in anderen Ländern aufbauen und aufrechterhalten, ist bislang nicht hinreichend erforscht. Der Beitrag zeigt auf Grundlage der Daten des MOVE-Projektes, dass rund ein Drittel der jungen Menschen in Europa mindestens einmal mehr als zwei Wochen aus anderen Gründen als Urlaub oder Besuch der Familie im Ausland waren. Grenzüberschreitende Beziehungen sind in den vier wichtigsten Beziehungen zu Familie und Freund_innen eher die Ausnahme. Ein schwacher Zusammenhang zwischen Mobilitätserfahrung und dem Vorhandensein transnationaler Beziehungen deutet an, dass sich auch ohne eigenen Auslandsaufenthalt Lebenswelten junger Erwachsener transnationalisieren.
Schöne neue Biologie? Synthetisch-biologische Ansätze zur CO2-Umwandlung
Authors: Bernhardsgrütter Iria , Stoffel Gabriele , Erb Tobias J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOver billions of years nature has evolved efficient biological systems. Synthetic biology aims at developing human-made mimics of these systems that provide alternative, more efficient solutions to natural processes, or perform tasks not (yet) found in natural systems. Here we discuss how synthetic biology can be used to design and realize novel enzymes and metabolic networks for the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide. We further discuss the strategies and challenges for transplanting these new CO2-fixing processes into natural and artificial cells.
Mannosylerythritollipide — mikrobielle Biotenside aus dem Bioreaktor
Authors: Beck Alexander , Zibek Susanne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMannosylerythritol lipids (MEL) are microbial biosurfactants belonging to the class of glycolipids. They can be produced biotechnologically by smut fungi and have the potential to replace current chemical surfactant products, for example in household detergents or cosmetics. In this article, we highlight our latest research on the various producer organisms as well as the genetics and regulation of MEL biosynthesis, aiming for the development of an industrial production process in the future.
Heterogenität SHANK2-bedingter neuropsychiatrischer Störungen
Authors: Rappold Gudrun A. , Sprengel Rolf 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe significance of SHANK proteins in human behaviour is evidenced by the wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with SHANK mutations and the variety of behavioural impairments of Shank knockout mouse lines. Differentially expressed SHANK isoforms might explain this complexity. The analysis of three conventional and seven conditional Shank2 mouse lines showed that the type of SHANK2 mutation critically determines the physiological and behavioural impairments.
Information Flow Analysis of a Knowledge Mapping-Based System for University Alumni Collaboration: a Practical Approach
Authors: Anthony Bokolo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to integrate knowledge mapping technique by applying information flow analysis to facilitate the collaboration between the university and its alumni by developing a knowledge mapping-based system based on a designed knowledge mapping model. Questionnaire was employed to collect data from respondents in a university to evaluate the applicability of the developed system. The collected data was further analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive and exploratory factor analysis was carried out to analyze the collected data by deploying test of normality, reliability, validity, and factor analysis. Results from descriptive analysis reveal that the developed system is applicable in facilitating alumni collaboration. Besides, results indicate that the developed system provides holistic and comprehensive knowledge support among alumni members to improve communication. Moreover, this study offers a methodological and comprehensive procedure to support interaction and provides information to alumni members. Theoretically, this study depicts how the designed knowledge mapping model defines, organizes, and develops procedural knowledge in order to explore and address communication inadequacy among alumni members. Practically, this study utilized knowledge mapping as a technique to visualize the source and flow of tacit and explicit knowledge for university alumni collaboration.