bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case study research: opening up research opportunities
Authors: Takahashi Adriana Roseli Wünsch , Araujo Luis 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The case study approach has been widely used in management studies and the social sciences more generally. However, there are still doubts about when and how case studies should be used. This paper aims to discuss this approach, its various uses and applications, in light of epistemological principles, as well as the criteria for rigor and validity.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper discusses the various concepts of case and case studies in the methods literature and addresses the different uses of cases in relation to epistemological principles and criteria for rigor and validity.

Findings
The use of this research approach can be based on several epistemologies, provided the researcher attends to the internal coherence between method and epistemology, or what the authors call “alignment.”

Originality/value
This study offers a number of implications for the practice of management research, as it shows how the case study approach does not commit the researcher to particular data collection or interpretation methods. Furthermore, the use of cases can be justified according to multiple epistemological orientations.
An employee-oriented perspective in the value-creating mission of social enterprises
Authors: Nguyen Quynh-Trang , Lee Ming-Yen , Hu Yi-Chung 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThis study aims to concentrate on a specific perspective that has mostly been ignored: employees in social enterprises (SEs). It proposes that employees in SEs should be treated with equal importance to outside beneficiaries within the SEs’ value-creating mission.Design/methodology/approachA multiple case study approach is adopted, and semi-structured interviews are the primary means of data collection.FindingsThe results show that while economic values are fundamental for the employment relationship, social values play the leading role in employees’ motivation; thus, they can significantly affect the organization’s operation and development.Research limitations/implicationsThis work contributes to Maslow’s need theory and psychological contract theory regarding their application to SEs. Practical lessons and suggestions are also provided for SEs’ development.Originality/valueBy emphasizing the value-creating mission of SEs with the new perspective of including employees in it, this work provides empirical evidence and practical lessons for SEs, especially Asian SEs, in terms of management and strategy.
IMF‐World Bank Cooperation Before and After the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Kranke Matthias 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article adopts a diachronic view to compare patterns of institutional evolution of cooperation between the International Monetary Fund (IMF or Fund) and the World Bank (or Bank) before and after the global financial crisis. While the rules for Fund‐Bank cooperation had typically been tightened in response to crisis episodes, on balance they were loosened in the wake of the global financial crisis. Building on over 90 semi‐structured expert interviews and relevant official documentation, I argue that this new trend was grounded in changed imaginaries of cooperation among IMF and World Bank officials. Whereas they had tended to envisage integrative futures in key areas of operational overlap before the crisis, alternative visions of more fragmented joint futures came to prevail after it. This difference manifested itself in a profound shift in official discourses about, as well as interviewee accounts of, the function of the Financial Sector Assessment Programme (FSAP) and Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). The analysis foregrounds the reflexivity of relationships between international organisations (IOs), especially the ability of IO staff involved in cooperative activities to (re)construct imaginaries that can foster or foreclose inter‐organisational change.
REPRESENTATION AND NOVELTY IN AESCHYLUS’ THEOROI
Authors: THOMAS OLIVER 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article argues in favour of the view that in Theoroi (a.k.a. Isthmiastai) the satyrs had absconded from Dionysus’ choral training, and dedicate a set of votive masks on Poseidon’s Isthmian temple. I propose that at the end of fr. 78c Dionysus offers them javelins and suggests that they dance a pyrrhikhe. This plot rests on a blurring of the distinctions between satyr, human character, and human performer. I interpret how Aeschylus managed plot, scenery, masks, costume, and language in order to transform this blurring to elicit from the audience humorous reflection on the nature of dramatic innovation and of drama as a representational medium.
Performance of the quick SOFA in very old ICU patients admitted with sepsis
Authors: Haas Lenneke E. M. , Termorshuizen Fabian , de Lange Dylan W. , van Dijk Diederik , de Keizer Nicolette F. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe number of very elderly ICU patients (abbreviated to VOPs; ≥80 years) with sepsis increases. Sepsis was redefined in 2016 (sepsis 3.0) using the quick SOFA (qSOFA) score. Since then, multiple studies have validated qSOFA for prognostication in different patient categories, but the prognostic value in VOPs with sepsis is still unknown.MethodsRetrospective cohort study including patients admitted to Dutch ICUs with sepsis, in the period 2012 to 2016, evaluating the outcome and the performance of qSOFA, an extended qSOFA model, SOFA, SAPS II, and APACHE IV for hospital mortality.Results5969 patients were included, of which 935 VOPs. Crude hospital mortality rates were 19%, 28%, and 39% for patients aged 18‐65, 65‐80, and ≥80 years respectively. Discriminative performance of qSOFA for in‐hospital mortality in VOPs was poor (AUC 0.596) and lower than that of SOFA, APACHE IV, and SAPS II (0.704, 0.722, and 0.780 respectively). A qSOFA model extended with several other characteristics (AUC 0.643) was non‐inferior to the full SOFA, but still inferior to APACHE IV and SAPS II, for all age groups. The Hosmer‐Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit test showed non‐significant p‐values for all models. Accuracy for both qSOFA and the extended qSOFA was lower compared to APACHE IV and SAPS II (Brier scores 0.227, 0.223, 0.184, and 0.183 respectively).ConclusionThe qSOFA showed worse discriminative performance to predict mortality than SOFA, APACHE IV, and SAPS II in both VOPs and younger patients admitted with sepsis.
Comparing glaucoma medications and general demographics in a sample of glaucoma patients treated in private practice with nationwide registry data in Finland
Authors: Parkkari Minna , Taipale Joonas , Uusitalo Hannu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the outpatient glaucoma care provided by Finnish private ophthalmologists and to compare this information with the data obtained from national databases.MethodsThe data were collected by 13 investigators in 27 centres in southern Finland. Patient demography, relevant systemic diseases, possible history of ocular surgery, duration of glaucoma, intraocular pressure (IOP) and type of glaucoma were registered. Ocular hypertensive medication(s) used during the last 6 months were recorded using the generic name coded by the currentATC/DDDindex. The data were compared with a dataset obtained from theIMSHealth database and the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Kela).ResultsIn total, 568 patients from private ophthalmology clinics were included. Mean age was 70 years (range 30–90 years), and the mean duration of glaucoma was 8.3 years. In general,IOPcontrol was good (mean 16.9 mmHg). The average cost of glaucoma treatment for a single study patient was 336 euros per year.The findings obtained from the survey were similar to those of the nationwide databases, although fewer of the more aggressive glaucoma cases were managed in the private clinics examined during the study.ConclusionThe study patients were treated effectively by private ophthalmologist. Their medication and the cost of medication were the same as in public clinics. Patients with aggressive glaucoma seem to be generally managed by public hospitals.
Body size at birth and age‐related macular degeneration in old age
Authors: Haapanen Markus J. , von Bonsdorff Mikaela B. , Fisher Diana , Jonasson Fridbert , Eiriksdottir Gudny , Gudnason Vilmundur , Cotch Mary Frances 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo study associations between body size at birth and age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) in old age.MethodsThe study sample consists of 1497 community‐dwelling individuals (56.1% women) aged 67–89 years with birth data and retinal data collected twice in old age 5 years apart. Birth data (weight, length, birth order) were extracted from original birth records. Digital retinal photographs were graded to determine AMD status. Data on covariates were collected at the baseline physical examination in old age. Multivariable regression analyses were used to study the association between birth data and AMD adjusting for known confounding factors, including birth year cohort effects.ResultsThe prevalence and 5‐year incidence of any AMD were 33.1% and 17.0%, respectively. Men and women born in 1930–1936 were significantly leaner and slightly longer at birth compared to those in earlier birth cohorts. There were no consistent associations between weight, length or ponderal index (PI) at birth and AMD in old age even when stratified by birth cohort. Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) prevalence (39.8%) and 5‐year incidence (28.6%) were highest in individuals who were in the highest quartile of PI at birth and who were obese in old age.ConclusionBody size at birth was not consistently associated with AMD in old age, suggesting that intrauterine growth might have little direct importance in the development of AMD in old age. It is possible that some yet unknown factors related to larger size at birth and obesity in old age may explain differences in the prevalence and incidence of AMD in the ageing population.
Ephemeral rollover points and clinothem evolution in the modern Po Delta based on repeated bathymetric surveys
Authors: Trincardi Fabio , Amorosi Alessandro , Bosman Alessandro , Correggiari Annamaria , Madricardo Fantina , Pellegrini Claudio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReconstructions of ancient delta systems rely typically on a two‐dimensional (2D) view of prograding clinothems but may miss their three‐dimensional (3D) stratigraphic complexity which can, instead, be best documented on modern delta systems by integrating high‐resolution geophysical data, historical cartography, core data and geomorphological reconstructions offshore. We quantitatively compare three precisely positioned, high‐resolution multi‐beam bathymetry maps in the delta front and pro delta sectors (0.3 to 10 m water depth) of Po di Pila, the most active of the modern Po Delta five branches. By investigating the detailed morphology of the prograding modern Po Delta, we shed new light on the mechanisms that control the topset to foreset transition in clinothems and show the temporal and spatial complexity of a delta and its pro delta slope, under the impact of oceanographic processes. This study documents the ephemeral nature of the rollover point at the transition between sandy topset (fluvial, delta plain to mouth‐bar) and muddy seaward‐dipping foreset deposits advancing, in this case, in >20 m of water depth. Three multibeam surveys, acquired between 2013 and 2016, document the complexity in space and time of the topset and foreset regions and their related morphology, a diagnostic feature that could not be appreciated using solely 2D, even very high‐resolution, seismic profiles. In addition, the comparison of bathymetric surveys gathered with one‐year lapses shows the migration of subaqueous sand dunes on the clinothem topset, the formation of ephemeral cut‐and‐fill features at the rollover point (few m below mean sea level), the presence of collapse depressions derived by sagging of sediments and fluid expulsion (possibly induced by storm waves) on the foreset, and splays of sand likely reflecting gravity flows on the lower foreset. Though the modern Po Delta is anthropogenic in many respects, its subaqueous clinothem can be studied as a scale model for ancient clinothems that are less resolved geometrically and far less constrained chronologically.
A local maximum likelihood model of crop yield distributions
Authors: Wu Ximing , Zhang Yu Yvette 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this note, we propose a local maximum likelihood estimator for spatially‐dependent distributions. Our estimator adopts the Poisson regression approach for density ratio models and incorporates spatial smoothing via local regression. We also present a method of smoothing parameter selection. We illustrate this easy‐to‐implement estimator with an application to the estimation of corn yield distributions of Iowa counties. The usefulness of the approach is further demonstrated via an application to the estimation of crop insurance premium.
The influence of chemical reaction conditions upon poly(styrene‐methyl methacrylate‐acrylic acid) synthesis: Variations in nanoparticle size, colour and deposition methods
Authors: Fernandes Rui D. V. , Gomes Pedro , Zille Andrea , Souto António P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMonodisperse latex nanospheres of poly(styrene‐methyl methacrylate‐acrylic acid) with different sizes were synthetised by soap‐free emulsion copolymerisation and applied onto polyamide 6,6 fabrics by two methods, ie, gravitational sedimentation and dip‐drawing. Different‐sized nanospheres were synthetised by varying temperature and stirring velocity as reaction parameters. Scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate nanosphere sizes and deposition structures. The results showed two different nanosphere structural arrangements on the fabric surface, a hexagonal packed centre structure in the even surfaces and a square arrangement in the out‐of‐plane surfaces. Different colours were observed according to particle size, namely, violet (ca. 170 nm), blue (ca. 190 nm), green (ca. 210 nm), yellow (ca. 230 nm) and red (ca. 250 nm). An iridescence effect was also observed, displaying different colours at different observation angles. By controlling the size of the nanospheres it was possible to obtain different, brilliant and iridescent colours. Using different nanosphere sizes it was possible to obtain different interplanar distances and to control the light scattering in the crystalline lattice planes, obtaining Bragg diffraction patterns.
Why considering sexual differences is necessary when studying encephalopathy of prematurity through rodent models
Authors: Le Dieu‐Lugon Bérénice , Dupré Nicolas , Legouez Lou , Leroux Philippe , Gonzalez Bruno J. , Marret Stéphane , Leroux‐Nicollet Isabelle , Cleren Carine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPreterm birth is a high‐risk factor for the development of gray and white matter abnormalities, referred to as “encephalopathy of prematurity,” that may lead to life‐long motor, cognitive, and behavioral impairments. The prevalence and clinical outcomes of encephalopathy of prematurity differ between sexes, and elucidating the underlying biological basis has become a high‐priority challenge. Human studies are often limited to assessment of brain region volumes by MRI, which does not provide much information about the underlying mechanisms of lesions related to very preterm birth. However, models using KO mice or pharmacological manipulations in rodents allow relevant observations to help clarify the mechanisms of injury sustaining sex‐differential vulnerability. This review focuses on data obtained from mice aged P1–P5 or rats aged P3 when submitted to cerebral damage such as hypoxia‐ischemia, as their brain lesions share similarities with lesion patterns occurring in very preterm human brain, before 32 gestational weeks. We first report data on the mechanisms underlying the development of sexual brain dimorphism in rodent, focusing on the hippocampus. In the second part, we describe sex specificities of rodent models of encephalopathy of prematurity (RMEP), focusing on mechanisms underlying differences in hippocampal vulnerability. Finally, we discuss the relevance of these RMEP. Together, this review highlights the need to systematically search for potential effects of sex when studying the mechanisms underlying deficits in RMEP in order to design effective sex‐specific medical interventions in human preterms.
Additive manufactured 3Y‐TZP ceramics: Study of micromechanical behavior by nanoindentation and microscratch method
Authors: Li Wenli , Nie Jianbin , Li Maoshan , Liu Weiwei , Chen Yao , Xing Zhanwen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe mechanical property of advanced ceramics by additive manufacturing through layer‐by‐layer processing and subsequent sintering has been employed as a key basis for optimizing the processing and developing future application. 3Y‐TZP ceramic was fabricated by stereolithography‐based additive manufacturing, and the mechanical properties were investigated by nanoindentation and microscratch testing. The microscopic mechanism and evolution of surface deformation and damage induced by scratching were revealed by scanning electron microscopy and surface interferometer. Results showed that the nanoindentation hardness and elastic modulus were comparable to those of conventional process. With the increase in the applied normal load, the scratch‐induced damage followed three sequential stages, that is, plastic plowing, microcracking and surface spalling. The magnitude of the microcracks nucleated during scratching depended on the applied normal load. Concerning the homogeneity and integrity with the sintered parts without delaminated cracks and pores, the evolution of surface damage was discussed in different stages. It was concluded that the layer‐by‐layer process did not affect the characteristic of microcracking evolution.
Development and characterization of inks for screen printing of glass solders for SOFCs
Authors: Dittrich Svenja , Reitz Elisabeth , Schell Karl Günter , Bucharsky Ethel Claudia , Hoffmann Michael J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlass ceramics are supposed to produce stable sealants between ceramic electrolyte and ferritic steel in planar SOFC stacks. The screen printing method is a suitable industrial process in order to produce layers with tailored height and width reproducibly. An appropriate suspension was developed for this application and improved by adjusting the additive composition. This study investigates the rheological behavior of screen printing inks and the corresponding topography of the printed layers. Rotary measurements were carried out to analyse the impact of shear rates on viscosity showing shear thinning behavior. In addition, oscillatory rheometry is performed to gain information about the viscoelastic properties of the slurries and to understand the internal structure of the developed inks. The viscoelasticity and the recovery behavior after shear loading are crucial for the topography of printed films. The principal investigations are executed on solvent‐based suspensions, whereby the knowledge gained is used for a transfer to water‐based systems allowing a more environmentally friendly handling.
The effectiveness of adaptive versus non‐adaptive learning with digital educational games
Authors: Vanbecelaere Stefanie , Van den Berghe Katrien , Cornillie Frederik , Sasanguie Delphine , Reynvoet Bert , Depaepe Fien 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFor the training of academic skills, digital educational games with integrated adaptivity are promising. Adaptive games are considered superior to non‐adaptive games, because they constantly assess children's performance, and accordingly adapt the difficulty of the tasks corresponding to the children's individual level. However, empirical evidence with regard to the effectivity of adaptive compared to non‐adaptive games is limited. A study was conducted with 191 children from the third year of Kinder garten who were enrolled in one of three conditions, that is, playing an adaptive version of the reading game (RG), a non‐adaptive version of the RG or training with pen‐and‐paper exercises. In all three conditions, children trained emergent reading (phonological awareness and letter knowledge) once a week for 30 min over a period of 5 weeks. Children's performance on cognitive (phonological awareness, letter knowledge, reading fluency) and non‐cognitive (motivation, self‐concept) factors was assessed. Results revealed a significant improvement in phonological awareness and letter knowledge in all conditions. However, no differences between the conditions were observed with respect to children's improvement on phonological awareness and letter knowledge or on their post‐test scores for reading fluency. With regard to motivation and self‐concept, again, no differences in these non‐cognitive factors were observed across conditions.
Effective removal of organophosphorus pesticide residues in tomatoes using natural extracts
Authors: Venkatachalapathy Renuka , Anoop Chandra Indira Ramachandran , Das Somnath , Vajiha Aafrin Basheer , Lalitha Priya Udhyasooriyan , Peter Maria Jenita , Karthikeyan Senthilnathan , Sukumar Muthusamy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe reduction efficiency of the extracts of Albizia amara and Acacia concinna against most widely used organophosphorus pesticides such as dimethoate, malathion, dichlorvos, and chlorpyrifos on tomato samples was investigated. The pesticide residues were quantified by gas chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC‐MS/MS). The maximum reduction efficiency was achieved from the samples treated with 8% A. concinna extract on dichlorvos (87%) and dimethoate (84%) followed by 6% A. amara on malathion (83%) and chlorpyrifos (64%) and comparatively higher than water wash and it shows the reduction of only 14–38% for 15 min. The sensorial property and lycopene content of tomato samples were assessed and these plant extracts showed no significant effects on color, texture, and lycopene content after washing treatment. These phytochemical rich plant extracts exhibited greater reduction ability against pesticide residues without changing the nutritional and sensorial characteristics of the treated tomato samples. The current study may be a platform for formulating a cost‐effective, safe, and natural cleanser for the effective removal of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables.Practical applicationsPresence of multiple pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables is a worldwide problem in food safety. Particularly, tomatoes are most often consumed without cooking, hence it is essential to estimate the pesticide reduction efficiency of the common washing procedure. Washing of tomatoes with chemical solutions to remove pesticide residues leads to additional chemical exposure. Therefore, the reduction efficiency of natural plant extracts such as Albizia amara and Acacia concinna on four pesticides (dimethoate, malathion, dichlorvos, and chlorpyrifos) was studied. The method for the analysis of pesticide using GC‐MS/MS was validated according to SANTE 11813/2017 to detect the pesticide residues in tomatoes after each washing treatment. This study showed that the natural extracts could be a good tool for the removal of multipesticide residues effectively from the tomatoes without compromising its nutritional and sensory properties. The pesticide decontamination with plant extracts was effective, economic and safe for household and commercial applications.