bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Byzantinische Flotten in der venezianischen Lagune 806 – 810/811
Authors: Kislinger Ewald 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Between 806 and 811 three Byzantine fleets operated in the Venetian lagoon. We owe the informations about it to the Annales regni Francorum, which however manipulated the chronology and contents of the encounter with Pepin. The aim behind such doing was both, to present the Frankish actions in a favourable light and not to offend the Byzantines, since 811/12 on good terms with the Carolingians. The present contribution tries to re-establish the correct sequence of events.
Concentrated sulfuric acid production from non-condensable gases and its effect on alkali and sulfur balances in pulp mills
Authors: Mahecha-Botero Andrés , Bandekar Rohan , Sêco Isabel M. C. L. , Aksenov Igor , Cooper C. Guy , Foan Jon , Sirikan Kam , Wearing Jim 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The pulp and paper industry often encounters challenges that require process improvements to remain competitive. These challenges may include the requirement to meet more stringent environmental regulations, stricter energy policies, or the need to improve product quality, increase production capacity and profitability. As a result, the pulp mills of today have to focus on becoming more efficient by possessing an effective chemical recovery system and reducing chemical losses. The high degree of closure is beneficial for environment, water consumption and mill economy but can upset the Na/S balance and increase the build-up of non-process elements in the system. Installing an acid plant to convert the sulfur containing Non Condensable Gases (NCG) into sulfuric acid will eliminate the NCG as a sulfur input to the recovery cycle, eliminate purchases of sulfuric acid, reduce caustic purchases, and produce additional steam that will positively impact the mill’s heat balance. This paper provides an overview of the OptimumAcid™ technology required to produce sulfuric acid in a pulp mill from NCG, presents some of the unique challenges related to feed variability, and discusses some of the technical features of NORAM’s sulfuric acid OptimumAcid™ process technology and equipment.
Variations sur les expressions figées : quelle(s) traduction(s) chez les apprenants?
Authors: Nita Raluca , Solano Ramón Martí 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses the translations that French undergraduate students come up with when they are to deal with fixed expressions (FEs) in English that have been modified morphologically, syntactically, lexically or semantically. FEs in English are not always used in their canonical form and are often modified in the media for contextualization purposes or stylistic reasons. They can be modified by lexical substitution, lexical insertion and by lexical and semantic inversion resulting in distinct expressions with a different sense.The paper reveals the sources of mistranslation and the pedagogic means to deal with them based upon this specific type of translation exercise. Two types of FEs are taken into account: FEs in the target language sharing all or parts of the lexical constituents with those in the source language and FEs with no direct equivalent in French. The study can also have a more general impact on translation methodology as a whole: mistranslation analysis of FEs demonstrates the difficulties students have in recognizing and/or in adapting the translation of FEs according to their modification and their context. Translating FEs could therefore be used as a first methodological step in initiating students to the specific problems of translation as a whole.
Single-molecule force spectroscopy: A facile technique for studying the interactions between biomolecules and materials interfaces
Authors: Wang Li , Qian Yuhong , Sun Yantao , Liu Bin , Wei Gang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The quantification of the interactions between biomolecules and materials interfaces is crucial for design and synthesis functional hybrid bionanomaterials for materials science, nanotechnology, biosensor, biomedicine, tissue engineering, and other applications. Atomic force spectroscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) provides a direct way for measuring the binding and unbinding forces between various biomolecules (such as DNA, protein, peptide, antibody, antigen, and others) and different materials interfaces. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the advance of SMFS technique for studying the interactions between biomolecules and materials interfaces. To achieve this aim, firstly we introduce the methods for the functionalization of AFM tip and the preparation of functional materials interfaces, as well as typical operation modes of SMFS including dynamic force spectroscopy, force mapping, and force clamping. Then, typical cases of SMFS for studying the interactions of various biomolecules with materials interfaces are presented in detail. In addition, potential applications of the SMFS-based determination of the biomolecule-materials interactions for biosensors, DNA based mis-match, and calculation of binding free energies are also demonstrated and discussed. We believe this work will provide preliminary but important information for readers to understand the principles of SMFS experiments, and at the same time, inspire the utilization of SMFS technique for studying the intermolecular, intramolecular, and molecule-material interactions, which will be valuable to promote the reasonable design of biomolecule-based hybrid nanomaterials.
Stability of functionals of perturbed Markov chains under the condition of uniform minorization
Authors: Golomoziy Vitaliy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the stability of functionals and trajectories of two different, independent, time-inhomogeneous, discrete-time
Markov chains on a general state space.
We obtain various stability estimates such as an estimate for a difference in expectations of functionals,

L
2

{L_{2}}

stability, and a probability of large deviations.
The key condition that is used is the minorization condition on the whole space. We consider different limitations on the functional and on the proximity of
two chains. We use the coupling method as a primary technique in our proofs.
Unwillingly traumatizing: is there a psycho-traumatologic pathway from general surgery to postoperative maladaptation?
Authors: Vogel Matthias , Meyer Frank , Frommer Jörg , Walter Martin , Lohmann Christoph H. , Croner Roland 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Surgery may possibly be undermined by psychologic, psychiatric and psychosomatic problems, as long as these problems interfere with a patient’s capacity to cope with surgery adaptively. Recent studies have shown that interpersonal trauma, e.g. abuse or neglect, and its correlates are involved in the adaptation to surgery. This observation is heuristically coherent, given the respective traumatization is an interpersonal event occurring in a relationship. Notably, surgery inevitably leads to the violation of physical boundaries within a doctor-patient relationship. Based on the principles of psycho-traumatologic thinking, such a constellation is deemed qualified to activate posttraumatic symptoms in the traumatized.

Method
The present topical review summarizes the respective findings which point to a subgroup of patients undergoing surgery, in whom difficulty bearing tension and confiding in others may cause adaptive problems relevant to surgery. Although this theorizing is empirically substantiated primarily with respect to total knee arthroplasty (TKA), a pubmed-research reveals psychopathologic distress to occur prior to surgery beyond TKA. Likewise, posttraumatic distress occurs in large numbers in the context of several operations, including cardiac, cancer and hernia surgery.

Conclusion
Aspects of psychological trauma may be linked to the outcomes of general surgery, as well, e.g. biliary, hernia or appendix surgery. The mechanisms possibly involved in this process are outlined in terms of a hierarchical organization of specific anxiety and negative affect as well as in terms of psychodynamics which imply the unconscious action of psychologic defenses at their core.

Implications
Not least, we encourage the screening for trauma and its correlates including defenses prior to general surgery in order to identify surgical candidates at risk of, e.g. chronic postoperative pain, before the operation.
Lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio may serve as an effective biomarker to determine COVID-19 disease severity
Authors: Bal Tayibe , Dogan Serdar , Cabalak Mehmet , Dirican Emre 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to evaluate the ability of lymphocyte-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) to discriminate between different levels of severity of COVID-19 disease.

Methods
This retrospective observational single-center study was performed on 61 confirmed (PCR positive) COVID-19 patients between March and June 2020. The study population was separated into three groups: mild/moderate (n=24), severe (n=25) and critically ill (n=12). The optimal cut-off values of the LCR and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in discriminating between patients with different severity levels were calculated by applying the receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis.

Results
At baseline, the LCR decreased significantly across the three severity groups (mild/moderate > severe > critically ill). ROC analysis showed that a mean LCR of 43.21 was the cut-off value which best discriminated patients with the critically ill disease from severe patients (sensitivity: 84% and specificity: 69%). The discriminative performance of LCR (ROC AUC 0.820) was better than that of NLR (0.751) in this regard. LCR, unlike NLR was able to distinguish severe patients from mild/moderate patients, with a cut off value of 458.19 (sensitivity: 80% and specificity: 45%).

Conclusion
LCR was observed to be able to distinguish COVID-19 infected patients of different severity (mild/moderate, severe and critically ill) and was superior to NLR in this regard.
Down-regulation of SORL1 is associated with Alzheimer’s disease through activating ABC transporter pathway
Authors: Wei Zhiqiang , Qi Xingdi , Zhai Shijun , Chen Yan , Xia Xiaoshuang , Zheng Boyu , Sun Xugang , Zhang Guangming , Wang Ling , Zhang Qi , Xu Chen , Jiang Shihe , Li Xiulian , Xie Bingxin , Liao Xiaohui , Ai Zhu , Li Xin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with high morbidity among elderly people. A genetic attribution has been extensively proved. Here, we propose to further prioritize genes that harbor single nucleotide variation (SNV) or structural variation (SV) for AD and explore the underlying potential mechanisms through exploiting their expression and methylation spectra. A high-confidence AD-associated candidate gene list was obtained from the ClinVar and Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD). Genome-wide methylation and expression profiles of AD and normal subjects were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Through comprehensive comparison of expression and methylation levels between AD and normal samples, as well as different stages of AD samples, SORL1 was identified as the most plausible gene for AD incidence and progression. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed significant activation of the ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporter with the aberrant up-regulation of SORL1 within AD samples. This study unfolds the expression and methylation spectra of previously probed genes with SNV or SV in AD for the first time, and reports an aberrant activation of the ABC transporter pathway that might contribute to AD progression. This should shed some light on AD diagnosis and precision treatment.
Safflower injection inhibits pulmonary arterial remodeling in a monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension rat model
Authors: Chen Aifeng , Ding Shibiao , Kong Liangliang , Xu Jianpu , He Fei , Ru Chuhui , Lin Xu’ai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a group of diseases with an increase of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance. Here, the effects of safflower injection, a preparation of Chinese herbs, was investigated in a monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model. PAP, carotid artery pressure (CAP), and the right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) increased in the PAH group, while safflower injection was able to inhibit this increase to similar levels as observed in the normal group. The arteriole wall of the lungs and cardiac muscle were thickened and edema was observed in the PAH group, while these pathologies were improved in the herb-treated group in a dose-dependent manner. MCT treatment induced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which was inhibited by safflower injection in a dose-dependent manner. Our experimental results demonstrated that safflower injection can regulate pulmonary arterial remodeling through affecting the expression of connective tissue growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, integrin, collagen or fibronectin, which subsequently affected the thicknesses of the arteriole walls of the lungs and cardiac muscle, and thereby benefits the control of PAH. This means safflower injection improved the abnormalities in PAP, CAP and RVHI, and pulmonary arterial remodeling through regulation of remodeling factors.
Prevalence of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction, Bother, and Risk Factors and Knowledge of the Pelvic Floor Muscles in Norwegian Male and Female Powerlifters and Olympic Weightlifters
Authors: Skaug Kristina Lindquist , Engh Marie Ellström , Frawley Helena , Bø Kari 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Skaug, KL, Bø, K, Engh, ME, and Frawley, H. Prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction, bother, and risk factors and knowledge of the pelvic floor muscles in Norwegian male and female powerlifters and Olympic weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2800–2807, 2022—Strenuous exercise has been suggested as a risk factor of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). Powerlifters and Olympic weightlifters compete with high external loads. To date, knowledge of PFD in these athletes has been sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence, risk factors, and bother of PFD in powerlifters and Olympic weightlifters and their knowledge of the pelvic floor muscles (PFM). All athletes aged ≥18 years competing in ≥1 National Championship in powerlifting or Olympic weightlifting in 2018/2019 were invited. The International Consensus on Incontinence Questionnaires were used to assess PFD. One hundred eighty women and 204 men participated. The prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI), anal incontinence (AI), and pelvic organ prolapse in women was 50.0, 80.0, and 23.3%, respectively. Stress UI (SUI) was reported by 41.7% of the women and 87.8% reported a negative influence on sport performance. The prevalence of UI and AI in men was 9.3 and 61.8%. In women, increasing body mass index was significantly associated with SUI (odds ratio [OR]: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.17) and international level of competition (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.32–8.07) and weightlifting ≥4 d·wk−1 (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08–0.86) with AI. In men, increasing age (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00–1.07) and frequently straining to void (OR: 4.84, 95% CI: 1.02–22.94) were significantly associated with AI. Forty-three percent of the women and 74% of the men did not know why and 44.4 and 72.5% how to train the PFM. In conclusion, the prevalence of PFD was high, and the athletes had limited knowledge of the PFM.
Constraint Deformation Behavior of Sand-EPS Beads Mixture Using Discrete Element Modeling (DEM)
Authors: Tizpa Parichehr , Jamshidi Chenari Reza , Farrokhi Farhang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lightweight composite materials are increasingly used in geotechnical engineering projects. This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations on the compressibility characteristics and “at-rest” lateral earth pressure of the mixture of expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads and some virtual steel pellets that are completely rounded particulates. The mixtures were prepared by adding EPS beads to the steel pellets at 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 % by weight. The experiments were carried out using two types of oedometers: the standard Casagrande and a tall oedometer apparatus. The discrete element modeling (DEM), in turn, is conducted to simulate the compressibility characteristics and “at-rest” lateral earth pressure of the EPS composite particulates using the open-source framework YADE. To this end, the mechanical parameters of different constituents are calibrated based on the direct shear experiments on the pure steel and EPS beads. Comparison of the experimental and numerical results illustrates that the DEM model can properly predict the compression and lateral earth pressure behavior of the mixtures of EPS beads and sand.
A Large-Scale True Triaxial Apparatus with Rigid-Flexible-Flexible Boundary for Granular Materials
Authors: Shao Shengjun , Wang Yongxin , Shao Shuai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The true triaxial apparatus is applied to test the deformation properties of coarse soil under three principal stress loadings without mutual interference. In this paper, based on the true triaxial apparatus mechanism under a vertical rigid boundary and an orthogonal two-direction flexible boundary on the horizontal plane loading, the small-scale true triaxial instrument with a specimen size of 70 by 70 by 70 mm and 70 by 70 by 140 mm is further developed into a large-scale true triaxial instrument with a specimen size of 300 by 300 by 600 mm. The two characteristics of the chamber loading mechanism are the adjacent flexible hydraulic capsule isolated by the balance plate device and servo hydraulic loading with Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID) closed control algorithm. The problem of mutual interference between two orthogonal flexible capsules on the horizontal plane is solved by using the isolation balance plate device. PID closed control optimization algorithm is used to solve the stability problem of an automatic control system. Finally, to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of a large-scale true triaxial instrument, a series of coarse soil tests were carried out to investigate the strength and deformation characteristics of geotechnical materials.
A new species and first record of the genus Solenocentrum (Orchidaceae: Cranichidinae) from Peru
Authors: Damián Alexander , Salazar Gerardo A. , Mitidieri Nicole , Altamirano Saul 
Published: December 2020

Solenocentrum oblongum from southern Peru is described and illustrated, representing the first record of this genus for the country. It is similar to Bolivian S. lueri, but can be distinguished by its oblong, sub-pandurate labellum (vs. triangular to sagittate) with rounded base (vs. sagittate), glabrous margins (vs. densely ciliate) and slender oblong calli (vs. broadly ovate). Line drawings of labellum outlines and an identification key to the four accepted species of Solenocentrumare provided.
Key Words: Andes, Bolivia, Cusco, Pseudocentrum, Solenocentrum lueri
Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of ceftaroline non-susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates, first clinical report from Iran
Authors: Khoshbayan Amin , Shariati Aref , Ghaznavi-Rad Ehsanollah , van Belkum Alex , Darban-Sarokhalil Davood 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major pathogens in Iran with a high prevalence and a high level of antibiotic resistance. Ceftaroline is a fifth generation cephalosporin binding and inhibiting penicillin binding protein (PBP2a).MethodsIn the present study, 228 clinical MRSA isolates were collected from four cities of Iran and their susceptibility to ceftaroline was evaluated by E-test and the disk diffusion method.ResultsOur results showed a high susceptibility rate (97.3%) to ceftaroline in MRSA strains from Iran. Six isolates were found to be ceftaroline non-susceptible (CPT-NS) with Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥2 µg/mL. All CPT-NS isolates were isolated from blood and tracheal aspirate and belonged to SCCmec type III as well as agr type I and were all susceptible to vancomycin. Out of six isolates, three, two and one belonged to spa type t030, t4864, and t969, respectively. Vancomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid, chloramphenicol, and tigecycline were the most active agents against CPT-NS isolates.ConclusionDue to the broad-spectrum activity and low toxicity of ceftaroline as well as the increased rate of vancomycin resistance among MRSA strains in recent years, ceftaroline can be considered as a novel approach to treat MRSA-induced infections.
Identification and antifungal susceptibility of Saprochaete clavata from invasive infections in Turkey
Authors: Özkaya Esra , Tosun İlknur , Tüfekçİ Enİs Fuat , Buruk Celal Kurtuluş , Kaklıkkaya Neşe , Aydın Faruk 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSaprochaete clavata is an emerging opportunistic pathogen, that causes life-threatening infections, but there are limited evidence and information about the evaluation of in vitro antifungal susceptibility test results. The aim of this study was to determine S. clavata isolates from clinical specimens and to investigate their in vitro antifungal susceptibility. S. clavata was identified by API ID20C AUX (BioMérieux, Brussels, Belgium), MALDI TOF (Bruker Daltonik, Germany), and ITS gene region sequencing. In vitro susceptibility tests were performed using Sensititre YeastOne (TREK Diagnostic System, East Grinstead, UK). During the study period, 4,736 fungi were isolated from various clinical samples and, S. clavata was identified in eight patients with underlying diseases namely, pancreatic neoplasma, acute myeloid leukaemie, follicular lymphoma, cholelithiasis. Anidulafungin and micafungin minimum inhibitory concentration values were 1–2 and 1–4 mg/L, respectively, while those of the azole group antifungals were much lower. This is the first study in Turkey reporting isolation, identification and antifungal susceptibilities of S. clavata from clinical specimens. Higher MIC values seen in some isolates suggest that continuous monitoring of sensitivity rates and observation of regional differences will thus be useful guides in determining infection control and antifungal use policies.
Epistemic Argumentation Framework: Theory and Computation
Authors: Sakama Chiaki , Son Tran Cao 
Published: December 2020

The paper introduces the notion of an epistemic argumentation framework (EAF) as a means to integrate the beliefs of a reasoner with argumentation. Intuitively, an EAF encodes the beliefs of an agent who reasons about arguments. Formally, an EAF is a pair of an argumentation framework and an epistemic constraint. The semantics of the EAF is defined by the notion of an ω-epistemic labelling set, where ω is complete, stable, grounded, or preferred, which is a set of ω-labellings that collectively satisfies the epistemic constraint of the EAF. The paper shows how EAF can represent different views of reasoners on the same argumentation framework. It also includes representing preferences in EAF and multi-agent argumentation. Finally, the paper discusses complexity issues and computation using epistemic logic programming.