bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FIRE SAFETY IN THE BUILT-ENVIRONMENT: A CASE STUDY IN A RESIDENTIAL FACILITY
Authors: HAMIDA Mohammad B. , HASSANAIN Mohammad A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In light of the spread of residential fires worldwide, this paper aims to identify the current fire safety code requirements for providing the minimum level of safety in residential facilities, hence, mitigating the risk of fire occurrence. The paper also presents the findings of a case study to demonstrate the compliance level of a sample residential facility, with code requirements. The case study building is composed of three floors and a basement. It can accommodate 214 persons. It was built in 2013, and it is located in Khobar, Saudi Arabia. The study revealed that the assessed facility had an adequate distribution of fire detection and notification systems. Moreover, the level of the housekeeping practices and concentration of hazardous material was found to be acceptable. However, the means of egress, fire doors and fire suppression systems were not up to code requirements. The study recommended measures to improve the level of safety in the building. These include increasing the number of fire exits; installing sprinkler heads on each floor; distributing fire extinguishers sufficiently; and installing fire rated doors. This study aims at raising awareness about the incidences of fires accidents in residential facilities and their catastrophic implications. It serves to provide a standardized fire safety management checklist, for the use of design professionals and property managers, towards the effective design and maintenance of residential facilities.
RURAL LANDSCAPES OF THE 20TH CENTURY: FROM KNOWLEDGE TO PRESERVATION
Authors: LANDI Stefania 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
During the 20th Century, rural landscapes underwent rapid transformations as a result – among many factors – of mechanization of agriculture and the introduction of new means of transportation: rural territories, indeed, started being signed by new railway lines and agro-industrial facilities, necessary for the storage and distribution of an increasing amount of agricultural products. This is particularly evident in Europe for the landscapes of grain production, as well as in North and South America. A recent research by the author about the grain silos built in Italy under the Fascist regime set the basis for an in-depth analysis of grain production landscapes in Italy during the first half of the 20th century, also in comparison with the European and American contexts. To this aim, survey and representation of landscape settings become crucial, for the interpretation assessment of significance of these still underestimated cultural landscapes. Therefore, the aim of this contribution is to propose a methodology for the knowledge and preservation of 20th Century grain landscapes – and their built heritage – choosing as case studies the grain silos built in Tuscany during the 1930s.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE MICROWAVE OVEN IN THE GEOTECHNICAL LABORATORY
Authors: JASTRZĘBSKA Małgorzata 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The main purpose of the paper is to present the usefulness of microwave ovens in the everyday work of geotechnical laboratories. Microwave ovens are commonly used to determine soil moisture and to dry soils that are too moist for other laboratory tests. The activities related to the above processes are not standarized in the majority of countries. The only available guidelines are based on the research projects. For the purpose of this particular research 345 tests have been conducted for moisture content determination for 3 soil types: fine sand (FSa; SP – poorly graded sand), sandy gravel (saGr; GW – well graded gravel-sand mixtures) and silty clay (siCl; CH – inorganic clay of high plasticity), using both – standard and microwave methods. The research cycle consisted of 3 different variants which includes soil moisture content, specimen initial mass, number of specimens in microwave oven and their placing. It was established that different factors have impact on the length of the process and it lasted between 2 to 17 minutes. During the heating different undesirable phenomena were observed, e.g., soil explosions or melting and glowing of clay. Based on the above research results this paper introduces guidelines for the soil drying process in the microwave oven (the optimization of the procedure and handling of the dried samples).
EX-ANTE ANALYSIS MODEL OF THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY REGULATIONS
Authors: BRONIEWICZ Elzbieta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper aims to develop a model of ex-ante cost-effectiveness analysis for regulations applied in environmental policy. The experience gained so far in applying cost-effectiveness analysis on an ex-post and ex-ante basis has been analysed. Major problems have been identified in the practical application of the ex-ante cost-effectiveness analysis in non-investment activities. On this basis, a model for the ex-ante cost-effectiveness analysis was proposed. The developed theoretical model consists of three modules: data preparation, forecasting and interpretation. The model was verified on the environmental policy regulation – greenhouse gases emissions trading system which was implemented in Poland in 2008.
ADAPTATION OF FLATS IN CONCRETE SLAB BUILDINGS FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES. ISSUES, COSTS, REIMBURSEMENT OPTIONS, COMPARISONS
Authors: BARTNICKA Małgorzata 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Poland is bound by law to ensure equal opportunities and non-discrimination. Architectural barriers in space can be considered a form of discrimination against disabled people. The purpose of the article is to argue that both the old pre-cast concrete slab apartments as well as the newer buildings (built after 1995) require adaptation in order to cater for the needs of the disabled. The article outlines the developments in design for people with disabilities, starting from the programme of “abolishing architectural barriers”, through “universal design” to “design for everyone”. The paper presents some qualitative studies, in which functional quality of flats was used as the main criterion for evaluation. Using comparative analysis, a list of redevelopment possibilities and approximate costs of such adaptations in flats was compiled. Apartments M3 (38–48m2) were selected for the purpose of the study. Existing projects were assessed and compared and appropriate improvements were suggested. Subsequently, approximate costs of the proposed adaptation measures were calculated, as well as the possibilities of reimbursement under the PFRON co-financing (including buildings constructed before January 1,1995). Finally, the paper puts forward a few postulates regarding further development of the idea of design for everyone, a proposal to create an Accessibility Charter and the system of extra investments in the redevelopment of entrance areas of blocks of flats.
INVOLVING PUBLIC SPACE USERS TO DESIGN CHANGES BASED ON THE REDEVELOPMENT OF THE SQUARE IN GORZÓW WIELKOPOLSKI (POLAND). CASE STUDY
Authors: WIDZISZ-PRONOBIS Sylwia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The case study of the reconstruction of the Unknown Soldier Square (in Polish: Plac Nieznanego Żołnierza) is aimed at examining the investment process with a participatory component, with an analysis of the real impact of Gorzów Wielkopolski residents on the entire investment process. The essence of the study is to identify the missing activities improving social communication and emerging design solutions that are in fact responsive to users' needs. The study is based on activities carried out by the design company Pronobis Studio together with the City Hall of Gorzów Wielkopolski. The analyzed process showed the potential of urban residents as co-creators of the reconstruction project, and at the same time emphasized the lack of coherence between the expectations of the participants of the process and the investment possibilities of the municipality. The socialized reconstruction process primarily influenced the increase of architectural and urban awareness, improved the sense of influence on the urban space, and stimulated interest in public space among people who didn’t take part in events organized to design changes. The analysis of the participatory process in Gorzów Wielkopolski showed deficiencies associated with the organization of potential animation methods involving urban residents to actively co-design public space, enabling interest in urban investments, as well as deficiencies in stimulating control activities during the investment implementation phase and involving evaluation of accepted solutions after the changed space has been made available to users.
INFLUENCE OF SELECTED MICRO ADDITIVES CONTENT ON THERMAL PROPERTIES OF GYPSUM
Authors: CIEMNICKA Justyna , JASKULSKI Roman , KUBISSA Wojciech , PRAŁAT Karol 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The presented work focuses on the influence of the micromaterials (microspheres, aerogel and polymer hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose) on thermal properties of gypsum. The polymer and the aerogel are used as additives in the weight fraction, up to 1% of pure gypsum and the microspheres in the weight fraction, up to 10% of gypsum. The water-to-gypsum ratio was at the level of 0.75. Non-stationary method and Isomet 2114 experimental setup were applied for the purpose of measurements of thermal parameters. The coefficient of thermal conductivity λ, the specific heat Cp
and the thermal diffusivity a were determined. The gypsum with polymer content resulted in more than 15% lower thermal conductivity in comparison to the specimen without HEMC as a result of the different density and total porosity of the material. The gypsum with aerogel and microspheres content resulted in more than 8% and 7% respectively lower values in comparison to the pure gypsum without micro additives. Decrease in thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and density with added micro product were observed as a result of structure modifications of the gypsum product.
EVALUATION OF TIME DEPENDENT PRESTRESS LOSSES IN PRETENSIONED CONCRETE MEMBER WITH TOP AND BOTTOM TENDONS
Authors: PARKHATS Vadzim , KRZYWOŃ Rafał 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Prestress losses are usually calculated by bringing the tendons in the cross-section to the single resultant tendon. This solution is correct only for tendons concentrated in one part of the cross-section, while with their wider distribution, for example after the use of upper tendons, it may result in underestimation of losses in the lower tendons and overestimation in the upper tendons. The paper presents formulae to determine time dependent prestress losses separately for the top and bottom tendons of a pretensioned concrete member. Furthermore, variations of stress in the prestressing steel are analysed for two pretensioned concrete members to evaluate the possibility of using the equation (5.46) from the Eurocode 2 for the resultant tendon instead of the deduced formulae. The aim of this study is to show how great the error of estimated loss of prestressing force on the basis of several typical prestressed concrete sections can be.
VARIOUS PRESENTATION OF NOISE PERCEPTION IN BYDGOSZCZ GREEN AREAS
Authors: SZTUBECKA Małgorzata , SKIBA Marta , MRÓWCZYŃSKA Maria , BAZAN-KRZYWOSZAŃSKA Anna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sustainable management of the city’s space becomes vital due to the increasing environmental pollution. Organized urban space is treated as all resources that directly benefit local residents. Proper location and shape have an impact on the comfort of people’s rest. Urban noise pollution is gradually increasing, mainly due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. This paper addresses the issue of the interrelationships between the multitude of sounds that occur in selected areas of the greenery and their perception by visitors. The research objects are two parks located in the city centre of Bydgoszcz. The surveys were carried out there to identify the sources and perception of noises. To illustrate the audience's perception, a mental map of the directions of noise inflow was made. A fuzzy cognitive map was also made and exemplary scenarios of actions influencing the formation of the acoustic climate in these areas were presented. The use of various ways of presenting fuzzy information about the prevailing acoustic climate allows us to “shape” properly the space in the noise protection.
APPLYING INTERNAL CIRCULATION ANAEROBIC REACTOR FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT: A CASE STUDY IN SAIGON PAPER MILL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
Authors: TRAN Nhat-Ha , BUI Manh-Ha 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Internal Circulation reactor (IC reactor) is an anaerobic digestive system with the capability to treat high-load Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of industrial wastewater (e.g. brewery, potato starch, pulp and paper). IC reactor advantages include of the following: only small areas required, shock load resistance, produces more biogas and uses less energy compared to the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor. BIOPAQ@ICX is an upgrade to BIOPAQ@IC that has higher efficiency, lower volume, able to build from the current anaerobic reactor, and its trial has produced positive results in many different countries and with various types of wastewater. A case study of the wastewater treatment plant at Saigon Paper’s mills shows that the IC reactor COD removal rate is over 80% when the COD is not over 2300 mg/L; Volumetric Load Rate (VLR) is 6–14 kgCOD/m3.day and the removal rate is higher with a higher load and could reach 80% at 14 kgCOD/m3.day; granular sludges settle very well, and the three-phase separator is efficient of preventing sludge from washing out; pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), alkalinity, Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), N-NH4+, P-PO4
3-, Ca, SO4
2- were also analysed and indicated that the IC reactor is operating well.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL METHODS OF NITRATES REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATER
Authors: ŻOŁNIERCZYK Maciej , BARBUSIŃSKI Krzysztof 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Nitrate(V) ions in surface water and sewage are pollutants, which excessive concentration have a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems. Due to the chemical properties, removal of nitrates from wastewater is a difficult process. In the municipal sector, biological denitrification (activated sludge) is the most commonly used process. However, in the case of industrial wastewater, where inhibiting substances or substances toxic to microorganisms are present in wastewater, it is necessary to use other types of methods.
It is possible to distinguish here methods based on physicochemical processes, in particular: physicochemical separation, chemical or electrochemical reduction and oxidation under supercritical conditions. At present, membrane methods and ion exchange processes are used mainly in the industrial sector because of the high knowledge of the technology and the amount of applications used. Intensive studies are also being carried out on methods using chemical reduction processes, where greatest advantage is the ability to transform nitrates to neutral molecular nitrogen.
The Italian Solfatara as an analog for Mars fumarolic alteration
Authors: Flahaut Jessica , Bishop Janice L. , Silvestro Simone , Tedesco Dario , Daniel Isabelle , Loizeau Damien 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe first definitive evidence for continental vents on Mars is the in situ detection of amorphous silica-rich outcrops by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit. These outcrops have been tentatively interpreted as the result of either acid sulfate leaching in fumarolic environments or direct precipitation from hot springs. Such environments represent prime targets for upcoming astrobiology missions but remain difficult to identify with certainty, especially from orbit. To contribute to the identification of fumaroles and hot spring deposits on Mars, we surveyed their characteristics at the analog site of the Solfatara volcanic crater in central Italy. Several techniques of mineral identification (VNIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, XRD) were used both in the field and in the laboratory on selected samples. The faulted crater walls showed evidence of acid leaching and alteration into the advanced argillic-alunitic facies, with colorful deposits containing alunite, jarosite, and/or hematite. Sublimates containing various Al and Fe hydroxyl-sulfates were observed around the active fumarole vents at 90 °C. One vent at 160 °C was characterized by different sublimates enriched in As and Hb sulfide species. Amorphous silica and alunite assemblages that are diagnostic of silicic alteration were also observed at the Fangaia mud pots inside the crater. A wide range of minerals was identified at the 665 m diameter Solfatara crater that is diagnostic of acid-steam heated alteration of a trachytic, porous bedrock. Importantly, this mineral diversity was captured at each site investigated with at least one of the techniques used, which lends confidence for the recognition of similar environments with the next-generation Mars rovers.
Effective and selective removal of phosphate from water by the Co(II)-based adsorbent
Authors: Han Keke , You Deng , Shao Penghui , Yang Liming , Shi Hui , Yu Wanjun , Yu Shuiping , Fang Lili , Zhuang Xu , Luo Xubiao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study, a novel Co(II)-based adsorbent Co-H2L is developed for the removal of phosphate. The batch experiments demonstrate that the Co-H2L possesses preferable ability of phosphate capture from water in mildly acidic to neutral pHs, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 194.44 mg P g−1. Adsorption isotherms for phosphate agree with the Langmuir model, suggesting a monolayer process. The mechanism for phosphate adsorption onto Co-H2L mainly followed the coordination mechanism, and the Co valence electron orbitals play the key role in the phosphate adsorption. In addition, the Co-H2L adsorbent can selectively remove phosphate ions in the presence of the competing ions (Cl−, NO3−, and SO42−) at higher concentrations. Our results therefore indicate that the Co(II)-based adsorbent is expected to find extensive applications in phosphate removal for water management.
Climate change impact assessment on hydrological fluxes based on ensemble GCM outputs: a case study in eastern Indian River Basin
Authors: Padhiary Jagadish , Patra Kanhu Charan , Dash Sonam Sandeep , Uday Kumar A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The present study assessed the impact of climate change in the Anandapur catchment of Baitarani River basin, India, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model. The future climatic alterations under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), i.e. 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, are quantified by an ensemble of two different CMIP5 models, i.e. CNRM-CM5.0, GFDL-CM3.0. The outcomes of this study reveal that the future rainfall and temperature may experience an increasing trend with gradual shifting of monsoon from mid-June to mid-May. The average annual streamflow experienced the highest increase during the period 2071–2095, whereas the highest average annual evapotranspiration (ET) is observed for the period 2046–2070 under both the RCPs and resulting in comparatively slower groundwater recharge (GWR) over the basin. In order to implement suitable adaptation strategies for a possible flood scenario on the concerned study basin, three critical sub-basins, namely, sub-basin 1, 4, and 5, were identified. Furthermore, the altered streamflow and ET dynamics may result in a significant shifting in the conventional agricultural practice in the coming future time scales. Conclusively, the outcomes of this study have potential implications for policy makers in formulating the policies related to sustainable water resources management in future scenarios.
Synthesis and Anti-mycobacterium Study on Halo-substituted 2-aryl oxyacetohydrazones
Authors: Desale Vijay J. , Mali Suraj N. , Chaudhari Hemchandra K. , Mali Maya C. , Thorat Bapu R. , Yamgar Ramesh S. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
The treatment of multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with currently
available marketed drugs remains a global health concern. The cases of resistant tuberculosis
patients are increasing day by day.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to highlight the need of developing shorter, simpler and
tolerable drug regimens.

Methods:
In the present study, we synthesized various halo-substituted 2-aryloxyacetohydrazones
via a series of reactions from halo-substituted phenols. All the compounds were characterized by
using various spectroscopic methods, such as NMR, FT-IR, UV spectroscopy, etc.

Results:
All the synthesized hydrazones showed theoretically good interactions with enzyme enoyl
reductase (pdb id: 4tzk). All the synthesized compounds (5a-5o) showed moderate to good activity
(3.125-100 μg/mL) against Mycobacteria tuberculosis, H37RV strain.

Conclusion:
Our results would pave a new way for the development of more effective Anti-TB
agents in the future.
Alteration of ssRNA Torsion and Water Influx into ssRNA Pocket in K309A and S247A Mutations
Authors: Olaposi Omotuyi I. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Lassa Virus (LV) infection is an endemic disease from West Africa posing
threat to the entire world. A thorough understanding of the mechanistic workings of the genome
products of LV may be a key to develop drug candidates for the treatment of LV infection.

Methods:
Molecular dynamic simulation has been used to provide insight into the mechanistic
basis for total loss of ssRNA interaction in Nucleoprotein (NP) K309A, partial loss in S247A,
and no loss in S237A by following the hydrogen bond interaction, water influx into the ssRNA
pocket and glycosidic torsion angle (χ) of the ssRNA.

Results:
The results revealed that K309A mutation is associated with a complete loss of saltbridge
interaction between lysine e-amino and U4-O2P phosphodiester linkage but not in S237A
where S247-OG atom played a redundant role. S247A is also associated with partial loss of hydrogen
bond between OG atom of S247 and C5-O2P phosphodiester bond as T178-OG1 group
seems to have a seemingly redundant interaction with C5-O2P. While S247A is only associated
with the alteration of χ rotation in U6/C7, both K309A and S247 but not S237A is associated
with increased water influx into the ssRNA binding pocket.

Conclusion:
K309A mutation may result in non-viable Lassa viron as a loss of ssRNA interaction
may negatively affect genome biochemistry, semi-viable Lassa viron in S247A mutation
may be due to the loss of 3D arrangement of ssRNA due to splayed out nucleotides.