bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase Inversion of Complex Fluids With Implications to Drilling Fluids
Authors: Numkam Gilles , Akbari Babak 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Global energy demand continues to drive oil and gas exploration in increasingly challenging environments. The extreme temperatures and pressures drilling fluids are subjected to require optimum design of their rheology. Among the numerous components used in the design of drilling fluids are surfactants. Surfactants play an important role in the emulsification of immiscible liquids as well as the alteration of cuttings wettability to facilitate transport to the surface.
Nonionic surfactants, depending on their chemical group allow the inversion of oil-in-water emulsions (O/W) to water-in-oil (W/O) and vice-versa depending on the direction of temperature change. In this study, emulsion-suspension samples were prepared with different nonionic surfactants at Oil:Water ratios of 50:50 and 60:40. The mechanical properties of the samples was assessed using a scientific rheometer at temperatures ranging from 0–90 °C.
Phase inversion from oil-in-water to water-in-oil was observed for samples stabilized by polyoxyethylene oleyl ether surfactants. Build up in the apparent viscosity of the samples was observed following phase inversion, mainly resulting from the formation of nanosized dispersed water droplets.
Findings in the study highlighted the possibility of obtaining different drilling fluid types during downhole circulation, thereby paving a path for the design optimization of drilling fluids used in offshore operations.
Totipotent Cellularly-Inspired Materials
Authors: Mattern-Schain Samuel I. , Nguyen Mary-Anne , Schimel Tayler M. , Manuel James , Maraj Joshua , Leo Donald , Freeman Eric , Lenaghan Scott , Sarles Stephen A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This work draws inspiration from totipotent cellular systems to design smart materials whose compositions and properties can be learned or evolved. Totipotency refers to the inherent genetic potential of a single cell to adapt and produce all types of differentiated cells within an organism. To study this principal and apply it synthetically, tissue-like compartmentalized assemblies are constructed via lipid membrane-separated aqueous droplets in a hydrophobic medium through the droplet interface bilayer (DIB) method. Within our droplets, we explore synthetic totipotency via cell-free reactions including actin polymerization and cell free protein synthesis (CFPS). The transcription and translation of our CFPS reactions are controlled by stimuli-responsive riboswitches (RS). Via this scheme, adaptable material properties and functions are achieved in vitro via protein production from cell-free machinery administered through RS governance. Here, we present thermally or chemically-triggered riboswitches for orthogonal production of representative fluorescent protein products, as well functional proteins. To characterize the material properties of target proteins, we study the formation of polymerized actin shells to stabilize organically-encased droplets and span DIBs. We present a modified protocol for chemically-triggered actin polymerization as well as a thermally triggered actin RS. We characterize theophylline (TP)-triggered production of alpha hemolysin (α-HL) through CFPS and synthesized an organic-soluble trigger that can be sensed from the oil phase by a RS in an aqueous bioreactor droplet. We also demonstrate increased droplet conductivity when CFPS α-HL products are incorporated in DIBs. This interdisciplinary work involves cell culture, gene expression, organic synthesis, vesicle formation, protein quantification, tensiometry, droplet aspiration, microplate fluorescence/absorption experiments, fluorescent microscopy, and electrophysiology. This project is an essential design analysis for creating smart, soft materials using synthetic biology and provides motivation for artificial tissues capable of adapting in response to external stimuli.
Orogenic link ∼41°N–46°N: Collisional mountain building and basin closure in the Cordillera of western North America
Authors: Gray Keith D. , Isakson V. , Schwartz D. , Vervoort Jeffrey D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPolyphase structural mapping and mineral age dating across the Salmon River suture zone in west-central Idaho (Riggins region; ∼45°30′N, ∼117°W–116°W) support a late Mesozoic history of penetrative deformation, dynamothermal metamorphism, and intermittent magmatism in response to right-oblique oceanic-continental plate convergence (Farallon–North America). High-strain linear-planar tectonite fabrics are recorded along an unbroken ∼48 km west-to-east transect extending from the Snake River (Wallowa intra-oceanic arc terrane; eastern Blue Mountains Province) over the northern Seven Devils Mountains into the lower Salmon River Canyon (ancestral North America; western Laurentia). Given the temporally overlapping nature (ca. 145–90 Ma) of east-west contraction in the Sevier fold-and-thrust belt (northern Utah–southeast Idaho–southwest Montana segment), we propose that long-term terrane accretion and margin-parallel northward translation in the Cordilleran hinterland (∼41°N–46°N latitude; modern coordinates) drove mid- to upper-crustal shortening &gt;250 km eastward into the foreland region (∼115°W–113°W). During accretion and translation, the progressive transfer of arc assemblages from subducting (Farallon) to structurally overriding (North American) plates was accommodated by displacement along a shallow westward-dipping basal décollement system underlying the Cordilleran orogen. In this context, large-magnitude horizontal shortening of passive continental margin strata was balanced by the addition of buoyant oceanic crust—late Paleozoic to Mesozoic Blue Mountains Province—to the leading edge of western Laurentia. Consistent with orogenic float modeling (mass conservation, balance, and displacement compatibility), diffuse dextral-transpressional deformation across the accretionary boundary (Salmon River suture: Cordilleran hinterland) was kinematically linked to eastward-propagating structures on the continental interior (Sevier thrust belt; Cordilleran foreland). As an alternative to noncollisional convergent margin orogenesis, we propose a collision-related tectonic origin and contractional evolution for central portions of the Sevier belt. Our timing of terrane accretion supports correlation of the Wallowa terrane with Wrangellia (composite arc/plateau assemblage) and implies diachronous south-to-north suturing and basin closure between Idaho and Alaska.
Development of a prediction model to aid primary care physicians in early identification of women at high risk of developing endometriosis: cross-sectional study
Authors: Verket Nina Julie , Falk Ragnhild Sørum , Qvigstad Erik , Tanbo Tom Gunnar , Sandvik Leiv 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo identify predictors of disease among a few factors commonly associated with endometriosis and if successful, to combine these to develop a prediction model to aid primary care physicians in early identification of women at high risk of developing endometriosis.DesignCross-sectional anonymous postal questionnaire study.SettingWomen aged 18–45 years recruited from the Norwegian Endometriosis Association and a random sample of women residing in Oslo, Norway.Participants157 women with and 156 women without endometriosis.Main outcome measuresLogistic and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were performed with endometriosis as dependent variable. Predictors were identified and combined to develop a prediction model. The predictive ability of the model was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and positive predictive values (PPVs) and negative predictive values (NPVs). To take into account the likelihood of skewed representativeness of the patient sample towards high symptom burden, we considered the hypothetical prevalences of endometriosis in the general population 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%.ResultsThe predictorsabsenteeism from school due to dysmenorrheaandfamily history of endometriosisdemonstrated the strongest association with disease. The model based on logistic regression (AUC 0.83) included these two predictors only, while the model based on LASSO regression (AUC 0.85) included two more:severe dysmenorrhea in adolescenceanduse of painkillers due to dysmenorrhea in adolescence. For the prevalences 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%, both models ascertained endometriosis with PPV equal to 2.0%, 9.4%, 17.2% and 29.6%, respectively. NPV was at least 98% for all values considered.ConclusionsExternal validation is needed before model implementation. Meanwhile, endometriosis should be considered a differential diagnosis in women with frequent absenteeism from school or work due to painful menstruations and positive family history of endometriosis.
Opportunities for improving patient experiences among medical travellers from Canada’s far north: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Kerber Kate , Kolahdooz Fariba , Otway Meeka , Laboucan Melinda , Jang Se Lim , Lawrence Sue , Aronyk Suzanne , Quinn Matthew , Irlbacher-Fox Stephanie , Milligan Crystal , Broadhead Sabrina , DeLancey Debbie , Corriveau Andre , Sharma Sangita 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesThis paper explores patient experiences and identifies barriers and opportunities for improving access to healthcare for patients from the Canadian north who travel to receive medical care in a Southern province.DesignA mixed-methods, cross-sectional study involved one-on-one interviews, focus group discussions and key informant interviews.Participants52 one-on-one interviews with Northwest Territories (NWT) patients and patient escorts and two focus group discussions (n=10). Fourteen key informant interviews were conducted with health workers, programme managers and staff of community organisations providing services for out-of-province patients. A Community Advisory Board guided the development of the questionnaires and interpretation of results.ResultsRespondents were satisfied with the care received overall, but described unnecessary burdens and bureaucratic challenges throughout the travel process. Themes relating to access to healthcare included: plans and logistics for travel; level of communication between services; clarity around jurisdiction and responsibility for care; indirect costs of travel and direct costs of uninsured services; and having a patient escort or advocate available to assist with appointments and navigate the system. Three themes related to healthcare experiences included: cultural awareness, respect and caring, and medical translation. Respondents provided suggestions to improve access to care.ConclusionsPatients from NWT need more information and support before and during travel. Ensuring that medical travellers and escorts are prepared before departing, that healthcare providers engage in culturally appropriate communication and connecting travellers to support services on arrival have the potential to improve medical travel experiences.
NINJA trial: should the nail plate be replaced or discarded after nail bed repair in children? Protocol for a multicentre randomised control trial
Authors: Jain Abhilash , Jones Amy , Gardiner Matthew D , Cooper Cushla , Sierakowski Adam , Dritsaki Melina , Png May Ee , Stokes Jamie R , Shirkey Beverly , Cook Jonathan , Beard David , Greig Aina V H 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionTrauma to the nail bed is the most common surgically treated paediatric hand injury. The majority of surgeons replace the nail plate after repairing the nail bed despite a lack of evidence to do so. Replacing the nail plate may be associated with increased postoperative infection. We will investigate the impact of replacing or discarding the nail plate on infection, cosmetic appearance, pain and subsequent healthcare use. The Nail bed INJury Analysis trial (NINJA) aims to answer the question of whether the nail plate should be replaced or discarded after surgical nail bed repair in children.Methods and analysisA two-arm parallel group open multicentre randomised control trial of replacing the nail plate or not, as part of a nail bed repair, will be undertaken in children presenting within 48 hours of a nail bed injury requiring surgical repair. The coprimary outcomes are: cosmetic appearance summary score at a minimum of 4 months and surgical site infection at around 7 days following surgery. Secondary outcomes are EuroQol EQ-5D-(Y); the pain intensity experienced at first dressing change; child/parent satisfaction with nail healing and healthcare resource use. We will recruit a minimum of 416 patients (208 in each group) over 3 years. Children and their parents/carers will be reviewed in clinic around 7 days after their operation and will be assessed for surgical site infection or other problems. The children, or depending on age, their parents/carers, will also be asked to complete a questionnaire and send in photos of their fingernail at a minimum of 4 months postsurgery to assess cosmetic appearance.Ethics and disseminationThe South Central Research Ethics Committee approved this study on 4 June 2019 (18/SC/0024). A manuscript to a peer-reviewed journal will be submitted on completion of the trial as per National Institute for Health Research publication policy. The results of this trial will substantially inform clinical practice and provide evidence on whether the practice of replacing the nail plate should continue at the time of nail bed repair.Trial registration numberISRCTN44551796.
Is congruent movement training more effective than standard visual scanning therapy to ameliorate symptoms of visuospatial neglect? Study protocol of a randomised control trial
Authors: Elshout Joris A , Nijboer Tanja C W , Van der Stigchel Stefan 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionApproximately 30% of all patients with stroke show visuospatial neglect (VSN). Currently, visual scanning therapy (VST) is applied in clinical settings to attenuate neglect symptoms. VST builds on the premise that eye movements to the affected hemifield lead to a concurrent shift of visual attention. Congruent movements with different effectors of the motor system, for example, eye and hand, can produce an even larger boost of attention compared with a single effector. This congruency principle may produce a powerful bias in the motor system, which may counteract the pathological biases in the attentional system of neglect patients. Therefore, an intervention with congruent eye and hand movements may result in greater attenuation of neglect compared with an intervention with single eye movements as applied in standard VST. The current randomised controlled trial will investigate the beneficial effects of this updated version of VST by comparing changes in performance on standard neuropsychological neglect tasks and severity of neglect in activities of daily living.Methods and analysisThirty VSN patients in the subacute phase poststroke onset will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: congruent eye and hand movement training (experimental group) versus standard VST (control group). Each patient will receive 10 sessions of training, 30 min each, within 2 weeks. Performance on standard neuropsychological neglect tasks, a visual discrimination task, severity of neglect in ADL and eye movement characteristics before and after intervention will be compared for and between both groups.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the ethical committee of the University Medical Centre Utrecht. All subjects will participate voluntarily and will give written informed consent. Results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and presented at international conferences.Trial registration numberNTR7005
Inter-rater reliability in performance status assessment between clinicians and patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chow Ronald , Zimmermann Camilla , Bruera Eduardo , Temel Jennifer , Im James , Lock Michael 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionPerformance status is an essential consideration for clinical practice and for patient eligibility for clinical trials in oncology. Assessment of performance status is traditionally done by clinicians, but there is an increasing interest in patient-completed assessment. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarise inter-rater concordance between patient and clinician ratings of performance status.MethodsA search strategy was developed and executed in the databases of Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from inception until 15 August 2019. Articles were eligible for inclusion if there was mention of both (1) use of performance status tool Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG), and (2) assessment of performance status by both clinicians and patients. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for each study and were meta-analysed according to a random-effect analysis model. Analyses were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (V.3) by Biostat.ResultsSixteen articles were included in our review, reporting on a cumulative sample size of 6619 patients. The quality of evidence was moderate, as determined by the GRADE tool.Concordance ranged from fair to moderate for both the KPS and ECOG tools. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.449 for KPS and 0.584 for ECOG.ConclusionsThere is fair to moderate concordance of patient and clinician performance status ratings. Future studies should examine the reasoning behind clinician and patient ratings to better understand discrepancies between ratings.
Providing fluid therapy to equine colic patients. Part 2
Authors: Auckburally Adam , Petruccione Ilaria , Voss Sarah 
Published: December 2019

Background: Fluid therapy is a controversial topic in both human and veterinary medicine. While it is appreciated that fluid therapy can be immediately life‐saving, particularly in animals suffering from hypovolaemic shock, it is increasingly recognised that inappropriate fluid therapy can lead to significant morbidity.Aim of the article: This article, the second in a two‐part series, considers some clinical aspects of fluid therapy in adult horses with colic and some of the controversies surrounding fluid rates, fluid types and the management of metabolic acidosis. The first part, published in last month's issue of In Practice, discussed basic physiological concepts of body fluids, available fluid types and the practicalities of administration in the adult horse.
Productive performance of lambs fed with high-moisture triticale grain ensiled with different additives
Authors: Bumbieris Junior Valter Harry , de Pietro Guimarães Vinícius André , de Azambuja Ribeiro Edson Luis , das Dores Ferreira da Silva Leandro , Jobim Clóves Cabreira , Mizubuti Ivone Yurika , Camilo Isabella Mayara , Grandis Fernando Augusto , Zanin Ediane 
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance, nutrient intake, and ingestive behavior of lambs fed high-moisture triticale grain (HMTG) ensiled with different additives. Twenty-four intact male lambs with an initial body weight (BW) of 20.05 ± 2.88 kg were assigned to one of four dietary treatments: silage of HMTG, without additive; silage of HMTG ensiled with enzyme–bacterial additive; silage of HMTG ensiled with 0.5% urea; and silage of HMTG ensiled with 1.5% sodium benzoate. No difference (P > 0.05) was seen in the performance (with an average daily weight gain of 210 g d−1), nutrient intake, or ingestive behavior of the lambs. There was a significant difference in the intake of ether extract according to the additive used in the silage. The highest intake (in relation to metabolic BW) was found for HMTG ensiled with enzyme–bacterial additive: 1.49 g kg−1 BW0.75. The silage of HMTG can be used as a single source of concentrate, aiming at moderate weight gains for feedlot lambs, thus providing an alternative for the conservation of nutritional quality of ensiling without causing changes in the performance of the animals.
Review of Factor Man by Matt Ginsberg
Authors: Gasarch William 
Published: December 2019

What would you do if you proved P=NP? If you publish it you might be rich and famous: : : in a world destroyed by cyber terrorists. If you don't publish it someone might beat you to it. Can you make money off of it?
Matt Ginsberg's fictional book, Factor Man, grapples intelligently with this question. The premise is that someone (alias Factor Man) has proven P=NP and has a pretty good plan for how to (1) cash in, and (2) not create economic havoc.
Review of Kolmogorov Complexity and Algorithmic Randomness by A. Shen, V. A. Uspensky, and N. Vereshchagin
Authors: Shafei Hadi 
Published: December 2019

This is a book about Kolmogorov complexity and algorithmic randomness. The main idea in Kolmogorov complexity, introduced by A. N. Kolmogorov and others in the 1960's, is to use an algorithmic approach to measure the amount of information in finite objects [1]. Kolmogorov wanted to create an information theory that, unlike Shannon information theory, is founded independently from probability theory. This approach results in a notion of randomness that is independent from the notion of probability and is closer to the intuition that "randomness is the absence of regularities" [2, 1].
As authors stated in the introduction, this book is not intended to be comprehensive, especially with respect to the more recent results; However, the authors cover a wide range of topics and results in Kolmogorov complexity theory and whenever a result is not rigorously investigated, sufficient references are provided. The book starts from the basic concepts and builds its way up toward the more advanced concepts and techniques. The progress from the introductory to the advanced topics is seamless which makes the reading an enjoyable experience. Concepts and techniques are explained very well and proofs are rigorous, detailed, and clear. Important and complicated proofs are usually followed by excellent discussions about the main ideas and techniques used in them. The book also contains many interesting and insightful philosophical discussions.
Novel Solutions for Closed Queueing Networks with Load-Dependent Stations
Authors: Casale Giuliano , Harrison Peter G. , Hong Ong Wai 
Published: December 2019

Load-dependent closed queueing networks are difficult to approximate since their analysis requires to consider statedependent service demands. Standard evaluation techniques, such as mean-value analysis, are not equally efficient in the load-dependent setting, where mean queue-lengths are insufficient alone to recursively determine the model equilibrium performance. As such, novel exact techniques to address this class of models can benefit performance engineering practice by offering alternative trade-offs between accuracy and computational cost.
In this paper, we derive novel exact solutions for the normalizing constant of state probabilities in the load-dependent setting. For single-class load-dependent models, we provide an explicit exact formula for the normalizing constant that is valid for models with arbitrary load-dependent rates. From this result, we derive two novel integral forms for the normalizing constant in multiclass load-dependent models, which involve integration in the real and complex domains, leading to novel numerical approximations. The paper also illustrates through experiments the computational gains and accuracy of the obtained expressions.