bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining Correlation of Food Intake and Satiety Related Hormones with the Findings of Brain Computerized Tomography (CT) Scans and Psychological Disorders in Children with Mild to Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Bagheri Shabnam , Masoudi Mohammad Sadegh , Ekramzadeh Maryam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an impairment with high prevalence amongst the pediatric population. Central nervous system (CNS) regulates food intake and each region of the brain can be responsible for appetite control network. It seems that TBI might affect appetite control system which could result in overeating or reduced food intake. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine, if there is a relationship between daily energy intake and satiety related hormones with computerized tomography scan (CT scan) findings in children with mild to moderate TBI.Methods: In this cross sectional study, 50 pediatrics with mild to moderate TBI were recruited and the following steps were performed for each patient: Completing the demographic information (age, gender, medical disorders, etc.), dietary intake assessment, taking blood samples for biochemical evaluations, and evaluating psychological disorders using the “Rutter Children Behavior Questionnaire”. The patient's CT scan was also used to determine the main area of brain injury. Results: The results showed that in comparison with the Reference Dietary Allowance (RDA) values, calorie intake was inadequate in 32% of the patients, while 32% had excess calorie intake. Comparison of the mean daily energy intake and serum levels of satiety hormones in different categorical CT scan findings showed that there was a significant relationship between energy intake and the site of injury. Post- hoc analysis showed that energy intake in patients with temporal lobe injury was significantly higher than in patients with frontal lobe injury or injuries to other sites of the brain. The results also showed that mean serum Ghrelin and Orexin levels in patients with temporal lobe injury were higher than patients with frontal lobe injury but no significant relationship was found regarding leptin and site of injury. Moreover, it was shown that children with frontal lobe injury had significantly more behavioral disorders.Conclusions: It seems that frontal lobe injuries might be associated with anorexia while temporal lobe injury can be associated with increased food intake. Future studies are recommended to determine, if there is a relationship between satiety related hormones with other site of injury in TBI patients.
Structural Manubrium Autograft in Cervical Fusion for Patients With Cervical Tuberculosis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Xu Shuang , WANG QING , XIONG YI LING , WANG GAOJU , YANG JIN , ZHANG SHUAI 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of structural manubrium autografts in the surgical treatment of cervical spinal tuberculosis.Methods From January 2015 and December 2018, 10 patients with lower cervical spine tuberculosis (C4-C7) underwent anterior debridement, interbody fusion with structural manubrium autograft, and anterior or posterior instrumentation. The medical records and radiographic findings of the patients were reviewed.Results The surgery duration was 198.5 min and blood loss was 355.0 mL. The average preoperative kyphosis angle was 16.3 ± 8.2° and returned to -2.1 ± 2.8° two weeks postoperatively (P < 0.05 ), reaching -1.4 ± 2.5° at final follow-up (P < 0.05 vs. preoperative). The average preoperative visual analog scale score of neck pain was 4.1 ± 1.1, which decreased to 1.5 ± 0.8 one week after the surgery (P < 0.05 ) and to 0.7 ± 0.5 at final follow-up. The ESR and CRP gradually decreased postoperatively, becoming normal at final follow-up. Bony fusion was achieved in all patients by 6 months after surgery. Neurological outcomes were improved by 1–2 grades in most patients. There were no postoperative complications associated with the donor site, and there was no recurrence of tuberculosis in any patient.Conclusion Structural bone obtained from the manubrium is safe, providing a viable alternative to cervical fusion for patients with cervical spine tuberculosis. It confers the advantages of autograft fusion without the complications associated with donor site morbidities.
Odonata Timetree; Exponentially Increased Base Substitution Rate Toward The Recent and Within the Carboniferous
Authors: Osozawa Soichi , Wakabayashi John 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Using BEAST v1.X, we constructed a credible timetree of 115 specimens of Odonata and five species of Ephemeroptera (Paleoptera; Pterygota) and two species of Archaeognatha and three species of Zygentoma (Apterygota). 88 specimens we ourselves analyzed were collected from the Ryukyu islands, Taiwan, Japan, and China, and the resting sequence data were mostly from whole mitochondrial data found in GenBank / DDJB. The combined gene (not concatenated gene) analysis of the mitochondrial COI (795 bp), COII (548 bp), and 16S rRNA (517 bp), and the nuclear 28S rRNA (825 bp) were performed. Using the calibration function of BEAST v1.X, the timetree was constructed by applying a 1.55 Ma geological event (isolation of the Ryukyu islands from China), in addition to chronologically robust fossil dates ranging from 400 Ma for Archaeognatha, 300 Ma for Ephemeroptera, and 200 Ma for Odonata and to 1.76 Ma for Calopterygidae, for a total of 13 calibration points (event: 6, fossil: 12; Quaternary 7, pre Quaternary 11). The resultant timetree showed that molecular clock was not uniformly progressed, and the base substitution rate has exponentially increased from ca. 20 Ma to the Recent by over an order of magnitude. Our new and attractive finding indicates that the Quaternary severe climatic change including a start of glacial and interglacial cycle might have resulted in the extensive radiation and speciation of Odonata, and consequently increased the biodiversity. C4 pores generated in the Miocene effectively decreased atmospheric CO2, and triggered the Quaternary glaciation. Another peak of base substitution rate was found in the Carboniferous time around 320 Ma, and this may be analogous to the late Paleozoic icehouse. This glaciation has been triggered by the development of terrestrial plants to form thick coal layers, because this process also reduced the atmospheric CO2.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of barley bHLH transcription factors and their expression in response to low nitrogen stress
Authors: Quan Xiaoyan , Liang Xiaoli , Xie Chunjuan , Yin Ning , Zhang Ning , Li Hongmei , He Wenxing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Improvement of low nitrogen (LN) tolerance or nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops is imperative for environment-friendly agriculture development. The basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors are involved in multiple abiotic stress, suitable as the candidate genes for improving LN tolerance. Little research was done on characterization of bHLH gene family and their response to LN stress in barley.Results: In this study, 168 bHLH genes were identified in barley through genome-wide analysis. HvbHLH proteins were classified into 26 subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis with bHLH proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. The analysis of conserved motifs and gene structures supported the evolutionary relationships among these HvbHLH proteins. Further, analysis of stress-related cis-elements in the promoter regions showed that bHLH proteins in barley are probably involved in multiple stress responses. Finally, at least 16 bHLH genes were differentially expressed in two barley genotypes differing in LN tolerance under LN stress. Dynamic expression analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) differed between the two barley genotypes in response to LN stress.Conclusion: It is the first genome-wide analysis of bHLH family genes in response to LN stress in barley. The results indicate the distinct difference among HvbHLH genes in response to various abiotic stresses. The HvbHLHs specifically expressed in the LN-tolerant barley genotype XZ149 identified herein may be valuable for future function analysis of HvbHLH genes under LN stress and breeding for barley cultivars with LN tolerance.
The Progression of the Tobacco Epidemic in India on the National and Regional Levels, 1998-2016
Authors: Shaikh Rufi , Janssen Fanny , Vogt Tobias 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: According to the smoking epidemic framework, societies undergo successive stages in which the prevalence of tobacco use first increases, and then declines. This pattern was has been extensively documented for developed countries, but evidence that it has occurred in low- and middle-income countries remains fragmented. We assessed the progression of the tobacco epidemic in India on the national and regional levels by gender, including trends in the consumption of smokeless tobacco, to provide a comprehensive overview of tobacco use in India and its states.Methods: We use information on current tobacco consumption among Indians aged 15-49 from three rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) (1998-99, 2005-06, 2015-16) to estimate the age-standardized smoking and smokeless tobacco prevalence across India and its states.Results: Age-standardized tobacco consumption prevalence in India increased between 1998-99 and 2005-06, and declined from 2005-06 to 2015-2016, simultaneously for men and women. There are substantial spatial differences in the progression of the tobacco epidemic in India. In the north-eastern states in particular, tobacco consumption prevalence remains higher than the national average, and is still increasing. Conclusions: Our results suggest that India and the majority of its states experienced a ‘compressed tobacco epidemic’ in which the prevalence of tobacco consumption increased and decreased simultaneously for women and men over a comparatively short period of time. Despite the overall progress in reducing tobacco use India has made, further lowering tobacco consumption remains a public health priority, as the prevalence of smoking and/or smokeless tobacco use remains high in a number of states. We therefore conclude that tobacco regulations should be expanded with the aim of reducing the overall health burden associated with tobacco consumption across India.
Transcriptional regulation of maize (Zea mays) ear-length heterosis
Authors: Zhang Xiangge , Ma Chenchen , Wang Xiaoqing , Wu Mingbo , Shao Jingkuan , Huang Li , Yuan Liang , Fu Zhiyuan , Li Weihua , Zhang Xuehai , Guo Zhanyong , Tang Jihua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Maize (Zea mays) ear length, which is an important yield component, exhibits strong heterosis. Understanding the potential molecular mechanisms of ear-length heterosis is critical for efficient yield-related breeding.Results: Here, a joint netted pattern, including six parent-hybrid triplets, was designed on the basis of two maize lines having long (T121 line) and short (T126 line) ears. Global transcriptional profiling of the young ears (containing meristem) was performed. Multiple comparative analyses revealed that 874 differentially expressed genes are mainly responsible for the ear-length variation between the T121 and T126 lines. Among them, four key genes, Zm00001d049958, Zm00001d027359, Zm00001d048502 and Zm00001d052138, were identified as being related to meristem development, which corroborated their roles in the superior genetic effects on ear length in the T121 line. Non-additive expression patterns were used to identify candidate genes related to ear-length heterosis. A non-additively expressed gene (Zm00001d050649) was associated with the timing of meristematic phase transition and was determined to be the homolog of tomato SELF PRUNING, which assists SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS in driving yield-related heterosis, indicating that Zm00001d050649 is a potential contributor to drive heterotic effect on ear length. Conclusion: Our results suggest that inbred parents provide genetic and heterotic effects on the ear lengths of their F1 hybrids through two independent pathways. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the transcriptional regulation of ear length and improve the understanding of ear-length heterosis in maize.
Genetic variability and evolutionary dynamics of atypical Papaya ringspot virus infecting Papaya.
Authors: Saleem Anam , Ali Zahid , Yeh Shyi-Dong , Saeed Wajeeha , Imdad Amna , Akbar Muhammad , Naseem Saadia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The mutation prone RNA genome of Papaya ringspot virus could be a driving force behind its geographical spread and dissemination. Here we present the molecular investigations on atypical PRSV–P strain identified from Pakistan with genome sequence phylogenetic and recombination analysis. The PRSV-P, Pakistan outbreak strain showing a geographic spread across India and Bangladesh in phylogenetic lineage. In major recombination events, it has acquired genome variation in amino terminal of PRSV coat protein gene, whereas the gene for helper component-proteinase (HC–Pro), a nonstructural coding region of multi-domain provenance, also evolves at nucleotide and amino acid levels. The phylogenetic analysis of another highly variable P1 region showed evolutionary dynamics with respect to other geographical strains, particularly the Indian isolate from North East region (Meghalaya). PRSV–PK holds high levels of genetic divergence in comparison to American, Australian and Asian isolates. The genetic and phylogeographic analyses indicate that a spatial recombination has occurred from first PRSV, however temporal evolution is within the region of occurrence. The genetic variations and evolutionary dynamics of this virus may challenge the resistance developed in papaya against PRSV and give rise to virus lineage because of its atypical emergence where geographic spread is already occurring.
Comparative analysis on visual and olfactory signals of Papilio xuthus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) during foraging and courtship
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Mingtao , Chen Shunan , Shi Lei , Chen Xiaoming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, we examined the roles of visual and olfactory responses during foraging and courtship of the butterfly Papilio xuthus. Our results showed that P. xuthus was sensitive to color in the range of 350–500 nm. Visits of P. xuthus females and males to blue, purple, and red artificial cloth flowers were ♀ 54.90% and ♂ 39.22%, ♀ 19.61% and ♂ 35.29%, and ♀ 9.80% and ♂ 19.61%, respectively. Application of 10% honey on these artificial flowers resulted in an increase of 3.41 and 3.26 fold in flower visits by the butterfly in comparison with controls. When 10% honey water was sprayed on colorless artificial flowers, flower visits reduced seven fold for females and two fold for males, indicating that both visual and olfactory perceptions play important roles during foraging. During courtship, four types of chasing were observed in a natural population of P. Xuthus. The four types are males chasing females (49%), males chasing males (25%), females chasing males (13%), and females chasing females (10%). However, when odorless artificial mimics of butterflies were used, no significant differences were observed among these types of chasing, indicating that olfactory perception was crucial for the butterfly during courtship. Profiling volatile organic chemicals and individual bioassays revealed that α-farnesene might play an important role in distinguishing males from females during courtship of the butterfly.
Relationship of Cardiac Function with Pulmonary Function and Lung Volume using Whole-body MR Imaging: A Population-based Study
Authors: von Krüchten Ricarda , Lorbeer Roberto , Schuppert Christopher , Storz Corinna , Mujaj Blerim , Schulz Holger , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Peters Annette , Bamberg Fabian , Karrasch Stefan , Schlett Christopher 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the relationship of cardiac function, including time-volume-curves, with lung volumes derived from pulmonary function tests (PFT) and MRI in subjects without cardiovascular diseases.
Methods
216 subjects underwent whole-body MRI and spirometry as part of the KORA-FF4 cohort study. Lung volumes derived semi-automatically using an in-house algorithm. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and residual volume were measured. Cardiac parameters derived from Cine-SSFP-sequence using cvi42, while left ventricle (LV) time-volume-curves were evaluated using pyHeart. Linear regression analyses assessed the relationships of cardiac parameters with PFT and MRI-based lung volumes.
Results
Mean age was 56.3 ± 9.2 years (57% males). LV and right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic-, end-systolic-, stroke volume, LV peak ejection- and early/late diastolic filling rate were associated with FEV1, FVC, and residual volume (excluding late diastolic filling rate with FEV1, LV end-systolic/stroke volume and RV end-diastolic/end-systolic volumes with residual volume). In contrast, LV end-diastolic volume (ß=–0.14, p = 0.01), early diastolic filling rate (ß=–0.11, p = 0.04), and LV/RV stroke volume (ß=–0.14, p = 0.01; ß=–0.11, p = 0.01) were inversely associated with MRI-based lung volume.
Conclusion
Subclinical cardiac impairment was associated with reduced FEV1, FVC, and residual volume. Cardiac parameters decreased with increasing MRI-based lung volume contrasting the results of PFT.
Long-term outcomes after endoscopic retrograde pancreatic drainage for symptomatic pancreaticojejunal anastomotic stenosis
Authors: Kida Akihiko , Kawane Taro , Omura Hitoshi , Kumai Tatsuo , Yano Masaaki , Arihara Fumitaka , Hodo Yuji , Matsuda Koichiro , Ogawa Kohei , Shirota Yukihiro , Matsuda Mitsuru , Sakai Akito , Terada Mitsuhiro , Wakabayashi Tokio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
【Background】 There is limited evidence demonstrating the usefulness of endoscopic retrograde pancreatic drainage (ERPD) for symptomatic pancreaticojejunal anastomotic stenosis (sPJS). We examined the usefulness of ERPD for sPJS. 【Methods】 We conducted a retrospective analysis of 10 benign sPJS patients. Following items were evaluated: technical success, adverse events and clinical outcome of ERPD. 【Results】 Technical success rate was 100% (10/10); 9 patients had a pancreatic stent (no-internal-flap: n=4, internal-flap: n=5). Median follow-up was 920 days. Four patients developed recurrence. Among them, 3 patients had a stent with no-internal-flap in initial ERPD and the stent migrated in 3 patients at recurrence, and a stent was not placed in 1 patient in initial ERPD. Four follow-up ERPD were performed. No recurrence was observed in 6 patients. Among them, none of the stents migrated (no-internal-flap: n=1, internal-flap: n=5), and none were replaced stents due to stent failure. A stent placement with no-internal-flap was associated with recurrence (p=0.042). Mild adverse events developed in 14.3% (2/14). 【Conclusions】 ERPD was performed safely with high technical success. Recurrence was common in a stent placement with no-internal-flap, which was associated with stent migration. Long-term stent placement didn’t result in stent failure.
The impact of exhaustive exercise on metabolic profiles in young men: a metabolomics approach
Authors: Akazawa Nobuhiko , Nakamura Mariko , Otomo Mana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Exercise-induced fatigue leads to reduction in the ability exert physical performance. Prolonged and intensive exercise stimulates several metabolic pathways to produce energy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of exhaustive exercise on metabolomic pathways. Methods: Nine young recreationally active men were recruited to this study. Participants performed step incremental maximal exercise until maximum exhaustion. Saliva samples were collected pre- and post-exercise (immediately after exercise cessation) using a salimetric oral swab, and salivary metabolites were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results: Two hundred ten metabolites were detected, representing different clustering principle component structures between pre- and post-exercise. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis identified 29 metabolites with highly related variable importance for projection score and 16 metabolites significantly increased after exercise. Furthermore, increase in cyclohexylamine was positively correlated with an increase in fatigue on a visual analog scale. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that exhaustive exercise changed the saliva metabolomic pathways related to energy production including glycolysis, lipolysis, amino acid metabolism, amines, and ketone bodies.
The TOMM40 ‘523’ polymorphism in disease risk and age of symptom onset in two independent cohorts of Parkinson’s disease.
Authors: Bakeberg Megan , Hoes Madison , Gorecki Anastazja , Theunissen Frances , Pfaff Abigail , Kenna Jade , Plunkett Kai , Kõks Sulev , Akkari Patrick , Mastaglia Frank , Anderton Ryan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Abnormal mitochondrial function is a key process in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The central pore-forming protein TOM40 of the mitochondria is encoded by the translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homologue gene (TOMM40). The highly variant poly-T repeat is associated with age-related cognitive decline and age of onset in Alzheimer’s disease, but whether it plays a role in modifying the risk or clinical course of PD it yet to be elucidated. The TOMM40 allele length was determined in 634 people with PD and 422 healthy controls from an Australian cohort and the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort, using polymerase chain reaction or whole genome sequencing analysis. Genotype and allele frequencies of TOMM40 and APOE ε did not differ significantly between the cohorts. Analyses revealed TOMM40 groups were not associated with disease risk, while considering APOE ε genotype. Regression analyses revealed the TOMM40 S/S genotype was associated with a significantly later age of symptom onset in the PPMI PD cohort, but not in the Australian cohort. Variation in the TOMM40 structural variant was not associated with PD risk, but may be a modifying factor for age of symptom onset in some PD populations, warranting further investigation.