bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased choroidal thickness is not a disease progression marker in keratoconus
Authors: Pinheiro-Costa João , Correia Paulo Jorge , Pinto João Viana , Alves Hélio , Torrão Luís , Moreira Raul , Falcão Manuel , Carneiro Ângela , Madeira Maria Dulce , Falcão-Reis Fernando 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe recent findings of increased Choroidal Thickness (CT) in Keratoconus (KC) patients raised the question of whether CT could be an indicator of progressive KC. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated and compared the choroidal profile in progressive and non-progressive KC. We ran a cross-sectional observational study in 76 patients diagnosed with KC, age 14–30, to assess KC progression. Progression was defined as when at least two of the studied variables confirmed progression (Kmax, Km, PachyMin, D-Index, Astig, K2, 3 mm PCR). Included patients performed a Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) with enhanced depth image (EDI) technology to evaluate choroidal profile. Choroidal measurements were taken subfoveally and at 500 µm intervals from the fovea, in 7 different locations, and compared between groups. Multivariate linear regression analyses were also performed to assess the influence of CT in KC progression. Thirty-six eyes (47.4%) were classified as KC progressors. The mean subfoveal CT observed in the total sample was 382.0 (± 97.0) μm. The comparison between groups (progressive and non-progressive KC) showed no differences in the locations evaluated (mean subfoveal CT difference between groups was 2.4 μm, p = 0.915). In the multivariate analysis CT seems not be influenced by KC progression (B = 6.72 μm, 95% CI − 40.09 to 53.53, p = 0.775). Assessment of choroidal profile does not appear to be a useful tool to differentiate progressive and non-progressive KC. Further research is needed in order to better understand the role of choroid in KC.
Epigenetic silencing of miR564 contributes to the leukemogenesis of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Yang Erna , Guan Wei , Gong Desheng , Gao Xuefeng , Han Caixia , Zhang Juan , Wang Hong , Wang Mengzhen , Li Yonghui , Yu Li 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The AML1-ETO oncoprotein, which results from t(8;21) translocation, is considered an initial event of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the precise mechanisms of the oncogenic activity of AML1-ETO is yet to be fully determined. The present study demonstrates that AML1-ETO triggers the heterochromatic silencing of microRNA-564 (miR564) by binding at the AML1 binding site along the miR564 promoter region and recruiting chromatin-remodeling enzymes. Suppression of miR564 enhances the oncogenic activity of the AML1-ETO oncoprotein by directly inhibiting the expression of CCND1 and the DNMT3A genes. Ectopic expression of miR564 can induce retardation of G1/S transition, reperform differentiation, promote apoptosis, as well as inhibit the proliferation and colony formation of AML1-ETO+ leukemia cells in vitro. Enhanced miR564 levels can significantly inhibit the tumor proliferation of t(8;21)AML in vivo. We first identify an unexpected and important epigenetic circuitry of AML1-ETO/miR564/CCND1/DNMT3A that contributes to the leukemogenesis in vitro/vivo of AML1-ETO+ leukemia, indicating that miR564 enhancement could provide a potential therapeutic method for AML1-ETO+ leukemia.
Vowel Accuracy and Segmental Variability Differentiate Children With Developmental Language Disorder in Nonword Repetition
Authors: Vuolo Janet , Goffman Lisa 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Poor nonword repetition accuracy is a hallmark of children with developmental language disorder (DLD). However, other diagnostic categories also show impaired nonword repetition performance relative to children with typical development (TD); therefore, this task is currently a sensitive but nonspecific index of DLD. In this study, we investigated segmental and kinematic aspects of nonword repetition performance to further specify the diagnostic utility of nonword repetition tasks (NRTs) in diagnosing DLD.

Method

Forty children, ages 48–86 months, participated, including children with DLD (
n
= 12), speech sound disorder (SSD;
n
= 14), and TD (
n
= 14). All children completed an assessment battery to determine group classification, a classic NRT (
Dollaghan & Campbell, 1998
), and an experimental NRT designed to measure segmental and articulatory (specifically lip aperture) variability. We assessed nonword repetition accuracy in the classic and experimental NRTs and segmental and kinematic variability in the experimental NRT.

Results
In both the classic and experimental NRTs, children with SSD and DLD produced nonwords with lower phoneme and consonant accuracy compared to children with TD. Children with DLD produced more vowel errors compared to children with TD in both tasks. In the experimental NRT, children with DLD produced nonwords with high levels of segmental variability compared to children with TD. Children with SSD did not differ from children with TD or children with DLD in the vowel accuracy or the segmental variability measures. The articulatory variability measure did not reveal any group differences.

Conclusions
In the presence of speech sound difficulties, low nonword repetition accuracy does not aid in the diagnosis of DLD. However, vowel accuracy and segmental variability appear specific to DLD status in NRTs.
Effects of Embedding Decontextualized Language Through Book-Sharing Delivered by Mothers and Fathers in Coparenting Environments
Authors: Seven Yagmur , Ferron John , Goldstein Howard 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This experiment investigated the effects of a book-sharing intervention implemented in coparenting homes on the conversations of preschoolers with their parents.

Method
A multiple baseline design across behaviors was used to evaluate the effects of embedding decontextualized language utterances during book-sharing delivered by four families. A visual analysis, a two-level mixed-effects model, and a social validity evaluation were used to examine the varying effects of the program on mothers and fathers' storybook conversations.

Results
Embedding decontextualized language prompts in books not only increased parental decontextualized language utterances, but most parents were able to maintain use of strategies without prompts in the books. The intervention effects were consistently higher for parents than for their children. Social validity results demonstrated parental satisfaction with program delivery and content.

Conclusion
This study adds to the limited literature on father–child and mother–child decontextualized conversations during book-sharing and illustrates a feasible and adaptable way of promoting language experiences in the home that yield engaging decontextualized conversations in meaningful book-reading contexts.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13210799
Reading Ability and Working Memory in School-Age Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing Using Cochlear Implants and/or Hearing Aids: A 3-Year Follow-Up on Computer-Based Phonics Training
Authors: Nakeva von Mentzer Cecilia , Wallfelt Sonia , Engström Elisabet , Wass Malin , Sahlén Birgitta , Pfändtner Karin , Lyxell Björn , Kallioinen Petter , Lindgren† Magnus , Ors Marianne , Uhlén Inger 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The aim of the current study was to investigate reading ability in children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) using cochlear implants (CI) or hearing aids (HA) 3 years after computer-assisted phonics intervention. Reading ability was examined in relation to cognitive and audiological aspects and compared to a reference group of children with typical hearing (TH).

Method

Participants were 73 Swedish primary school children (
Mdn
= 9 years). Fifty-five of the children were TH, and 18 children were DHH using CI (
n
= 10) or HA (
n
= 8). Twenty-seven of the children (all children who were DHH and nine of the children with TH) had participated in computer-based phonics intervention 3 years earlier. Children were assessed on word and nonword decoding, reading comprehension, and three working memory (WM) tasks. Age at diagnosis, age of amplification, and duration of unaided hearing loss formed the audiological variables.

Results
Comparable word decoding skills and reading comprehension were observed in all three groups (CI, HA, and TH). Children with CI showed strong and significant correlations between two aspects of WM capacity (phonological and complex WM) and all aspects of reading. For children with TH, similar but weaker correlations as in children with CI was observed, and correlations with visual WM were also evident. In children with HA only, complex WM correlated strongly and significantly with nonword decoding. Duration of unaided hearing loss was the single audiological variable that was significantly associated with reading.

Conclusions
This 3-year follow-up showed overall positive reading results at the group level in children who are DHH. However, some children still lag behind their peers with TH. Early hearing experience and intervention are stressed as crucial factors in preventing negative outcomes in these children.
Using radial velocities to reveal black holes in binaries: A test case
Authors: Clavel M. , Dubus G. , Casares J. , Babusiaux C. 
Published: November 2020

Aims. Large radial velocity variations in the LAMOST spectra of giant stars have been used to infer the presence of unseen companions. Some of them have been proposed as possible black hole candidates. We test this selection by investigating the classification of the one candidate that has a known X-ray counterpart (UCAC4 721-037069).
Methods. We obtained time-resolved spectra from the Liverpool Telescope and a 5 ks observation from the Chandra observatory to fully constrain the orbital parameters and the X-ray emission of this system.
Results. We find the source to be an eclipsing stellar binary that can be classified as an RS CVn. The giant star fills its Roche lobe, and the binary mass ratio is greater than one. The system may be an example of stable mass transfer from an intermediate-mass star with a convective envelope.
Conclusions. Using only radial velocity to identify black hole candidates can lead to many false positives. The presence of an optical orbital modulation, such as what has been observed for all LAMOST candidates, will in most cases indicate that the system is a stellar binary.
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes by Degree of Maternal Serum Analyte Elevation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yeaton-Massey Amanda , Baer Rebecca J. , Rand Larry , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura L. , Lyell Deirdre J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate rates of preterm birth (PTB) and obstetric complication with maternal serum analytes > 2.5 multiples of the median (MoM) by degree of elevation.
Study Design Retrospective cohort study of singleton live-births participating in the California Prenatal Screening Program (2005–2011) examining PTB and obstetric complication for α-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), unconjugated estriol (uE3), and inhibin A (INH) by analyte subgroup (2.5 to < 6.0, 6.0 to < 10.0, and ≥ 10.0 MoM vs. < 2.5 MoM).
Results The risk of obstetric complication increased with increasing hCG, AFP, and INH MoM, and were greatest for AFP and INH of 6.0 to <10.0 MoM. The greatest risk of any adverse outcome was seen for hCG MoM ≥ 10.0, with relative risk (RR) of PTB < 34 weeks of 40.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.7–77.0) and 13.8 (95% CI: 8.2–23.1) for obstetric complication.
Conclusions In euploid, structurally normal fetuses, all analyte elevations > 2.5 MoM confer an increased risk of PTB and, except for uE3, obstetric complication, and risks for each are not uniformly linear. These data can help guide patient counseling and antenatal management.
California Cardiovascular Screening Tool: Findings from Initial Implementation
Authors: Blumenthal Elizabeth A. , Crosland B. Adam , Senderoff Dana , Santurino Kathryn , Garg Nisha , Bernstein Megan , Wolfe Diana , Hameed Afshan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recently published the California (CA) cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening algorithm for pregnant and postpartum women. We aim to prospectively determine screen-positive and true-positive rates of CVD among women across two populations.
Study Design This is a prospective cohort study of obstetrical patients from April 2018 to July 2019 at academic medical centers in CA and New York (NY). We attempted to screen all patients at least once during their pregnancy care (prenatal or postpartum). Women who screened positive (“Red Flags,” >3–4 moderate risk factors, abnormal physical examination, and persistent symptoms) underwent further testing. The primary outcome was the screen-positive rate. Secondary outcomes included the true-positive rate and the strength of each moderate factor in predicting a positive CVD screen.
Results We screened 846 women. The overall screen-positive rate was 8% (5% in CA vs. 19% in NY). The sites differed in ethnicity, that is, African American women (2.7% in CA vs. 35% in NY, p < 0.01) and substance use (2.7 vs. 5.6%, p < 0.04). The true-positive rate was 1.5% at both sites. The percentage of screen-positive patients who did not complete follow-up studies was higher in NY (70%) than in CA (27%). CVD was confirmed in 30% with positive screens with complete follow-up. Combinations of moderate factors were the main driver of screen-positive rates in both populations.
Conclusion This is the first data describing the performance of the CVD screening algorithm in a general obstetric population. Factors, such as proportion of African American women affect the likelihood of a positive screen. The screening algorithm highlights patients at higher lifetime risk of CVD and may identify a group that could be targeted for more direct care transitions postpartum. Data may be used to design a larger validation study.
Neonatal Extremity Compartment Syndrome: A Rare Diagnosis Requiring Prompt Recognition
Authors: Severyn Nicholas T. , Kua Kok Lim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeonatal extremity compartment syndrome is an extremely rare diagnosis. Risk factors that predispose infants to a hypercoagulable state or trauma have been implicated, but the exact mechanisms remain poorly understood. The hallmark of the condition is extremity swelling with sentinel skin changes. We report a case of upper extremity compartment syndrome from initial presentation until 3 months after discharge and discuss the importance of prompt diagnosis and timely surgical evaluation.
Tight and specific lanthanide binding in a de novo TIM barrel with a large internal cavity designed by symmetric domain fusion
Authors: Caldwell Shane J. , Haydon Ian C. , Piperidou Nikoletta , Huang Po-Ssu , Bick Matthew J. , Sjöström H. Sebastian , Hilvert Donald , Baker David , Zeymer Cathleen 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Despite considerable advances in de novo protein design in recent years, it still remains challenging to engineer proteins with large internal cavities that can be functionalized to become biotechnological tools, such as specific binders, sensors, or catalysts. In this work, we outline a computational strategy to combine multiple de novo designed domains into symmetric protein assemblies that enclose large internal chambers. The high stability of de novo scaffolds enables ready functionalization of these chambers; for instance, with specific metal-binding sites, as demonstrated here by generating a lanthanide-binding protein with ultra-high affinity.
Dissection of the general two-step di-C-glycosylation pathway for the biosynthesis of (iso)schaftosides in higher plants
Authors: Wang Zi-Long , Gao Hao-Meng , Wang Shuang , Zhang Meng , Chen Kuan , Zhang Ya-Qun , Wang Hai-Dong , Han Bo-Yun , Xu Lu-Lu , Song Tian-Qiao , Yun Cai-Hong , Qiao Xue , Ye Min 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceSchaftoside and isoschaftoside are important plant defense chemicals and bioactive natural products widely present in higher plants. Although a number of plant CGTs have been reported, we know very little about the CGTs catalyzing the biosynthesis of flavonoid di-C-glycosides with different sugar residues. Here we reveal the biosynthesis of (iso)schaftosides in plants is sequentially catalyzed by a pair of homologous but functionally different enzymes (CGTa and CGTb). Crystal structure analysis and key amino acids mutagenesis could switch the function of SbCGTb to SbCGTa. We further reveal this pathway is general for higher plants. Our results provide a platform to efficiently synthesize (iso)schaftosides and to understand their plant defense mechanisms.
Critical point for Bose–Einstein condensation of excitons in graphite
Authors: Wang Jinhua , Nie Pan , Li Xiaokang , Zuo Huakun , Fauqué Benoît , Zhu Zengwei , Behnia Kamran 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Bose–Einstein condensation of excitons (pairs of electrons and holes bound by Coulomb attraction) has become a dynamic field of research in the past couple of decades. While individual excitons have been observed in many systems, a collective state of condensed excitons has proved to be more elusive. In this paper, by quantifying the mass and the density of the electron–hole pairs, we identify a critical temperature of 9.2 K and a critical magnetic field of 47 T as the cradle of the Bose–Einstein condensation of excitons in graphite. Our identification radically revises the nature of the field-induced phase transition in graphite and its boundaries.
Exo1 recruits Cdc5 polo kinase to MutLγ to ensure efficient meiotic crossover formation
Authors: Sanchez Aurore , Adam Céline , Rauh Felix , Duroc Yann , Ranjha Lepakshi , Lombard Bérangère , Mu Xiaojing , Wintrebert Mélody , Loew Damarys , Guarné Alba , Gnan Stefano , Chen Chun-Long , Keeney Scott , Cejka Petr , Guérois Raphaël , Klein Franz , Charbonnier Jean-Baptiste , Borde Valérie 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Meiotic crossovers are essential for the production of gametes with balanced chromosome content. MutLγ (Mlh1–Mlh3) endonuclease, a mismatch repair heterodimer, also functions during meiosis to generate crossovers. Its activity requires Exo1 as well as the MutSγ heterodimer (Msh4–Msh5). Crossovers also require the polo kinase Cdc5 in a way that is poorly understood. We show that Exo1 directly interacts with Cdc5, and that this promotes the activation of MutLγ for crossovers. Since Cdc5 also controls other key meiotic processes, including kinetochores mono-orientation and disassembly of the synaptonemal complex, this direct interaction with the crossover proteins may be a way to coordinate meiotic chromosome segregation events to avoid untimely activation of the MutLγ endonuclease once recruited to future crossover sites.
Global associations between macronutrient supply and age-specific mortality
Authors: Senior Alistair M. , Nakagawa Shinichi , Raubenheimer David , Simpson Stephen J. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
We compiled the most extensive dataset to date of corresponding national macronutrient supplies, survival statistics, and economic data. We show that the national macronutrient supply is a strong predictor of the pattern of mortality in different age classes. Our analyses can show how the optimum macronutrient supply that is predicted to maximize survival changes with age. In early life, equal amounts of fat and carbohydrate are predicted to improve survival. However, as we age, reducing fat in exchange for carbohydrates is associated with the lowest rates of mortality. Our results accord with published experimental and epidemiological data and can help define the mechanisms by which food supply and intake affect public health and demographic processes.
The internal structure and geodynamics of Mars inferred from a 4.2-Gyr zircon record
Authors: Costa Maria M. , Jensen Ninna K. , Bouvier Laura C. , Connelly James N. , Mikouchi Takashi , Horstwood Matthew S. A. , Suuronen Jussi-Petteri , Moynier Frédéric , Deng Zhengbin , Agranier Arnaud , Martin Laure A. J. , Johnson Tim E. , Nemchin Alexander A. , Bizzarro Martin 
Published: November 2020

Significance
We discovered a zircon record in a Martian meteorite that spans 4.2 Gyr, nearly the entire geologic history of Mars. Ancient zircons define a bimodal distribution with groupings at 4474 ± 10 Ma and 4442 ± 17 Ma, reflecting intense bombardment episodes triggered by the migration of the gas giant planets. A group of younger detrital zircons record ages from 1548.0 ± 8.8 Ma to 299.5 ± 0.6 Ma. The only plausible sources for these grains are the Elysium and Tharsis volcanic provinces that are the expressions of deep-seated mantle plumes. The chondritic-like Hf-isotope compositions of these zircons require the existence of a primitive and convecting mantle reservoir. Thus, these grains provide a tangible record of the deep Martian interior.
An S/T motif controls reversible oligomerization of the Hsp40 chaperone DNAJB6b through subtle reorganization of a β sheet backbone
Authors: Karamanos Theodoros K. , Tugarinov Vitali , Clore G. Marius 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Some of the most potent chaperones that protect against protein aggregation form heterogeneous oligomers that are crucial for function. Due to the polydisperse nature of these oligomers, the molecular origins that drive self-assembly remain poorly understood. Here, using a predominantly monomeric construct of the C-terminal domain of DNAJB6b we reveal an interplay between two N-terminal β strand configurations which we analyze quantitatively in structural and kinetic terms. We show that the two backbone conformations impact the assembly state of the C-terminal domain, with one being essentially monomeric and the other prone to oligomerization. The same residues in full-length DNAJB6b are vital for antiaggregation activity and thus we hypothesize that the equilibria characterized here lie at the core of DNAJB6b function.
Analysis of end‐spurt behaviour in elite 800‐m and 1500‐m freestyle swimming
Authors: Neuloh Joshua E. , Skorski Sabrina , Mauger Lex , Hecksteden Anne , Meyer Tim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo analyse the influence of distance, time point of competition, round and finishing position on end‐spurt behaviour in swimming. Race results in 800‐m and 1500‐m freestyle swimming from the last 8 World Championships and 5 Olympic Games (1998–2016) including 1433 races and 528 swimmers were obtained. The end‐spurt for each race was determined by means of an End‐Spurt Indicator (ESI). The ESI was calculated by dividing the difference between the swim velocity of the last lap (SVLL) and the mean swim velocity of the middle part of the race (SVMP) by the respective individual standard deviation of SVMP. Subsequently, ESI was used as a dependent variable and influences were analysed using a linear mixed model with fixed effects for distance, time point of competition, round and finishing position. An end‐spurt was evident in most swims for both race distances. The mean change in swim velocity between the middle part of the race and the last lap was 0.06 ± 0.02 m/s (1.2 ± 0.2 s) in the 800‐m and 0.07 ± 0.02 m/s (1.5 ± 0.2 s) in the 1500‐m. The finishing position within a race significantly affected the ESI (P < .001, t = 7.28). Specifically, when analysing finals only, ESI was significantly greater in medallists (5.76; quantile: 3.61 and 8.06) compared to non‐medallists (4.06; quantile: 1.83 and 6.82; P = .001). The between‐subject standard deviation was 1.66 (Cl: 1.42–1.97) with a relative variance component of 23%, while 77% of ESI variance remained unexplained. This is the first study using a newly developed indicator of end‐spurt behaviour demonstrating that particularly medallists have a more pronounced end‐spurt compared to non‐medallists.