bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A coupled CFD‐DEM investigation of suffusion of gap graded soil: Coupling effect of confining pressure and fines content
Authors: Liu Yajing , Wang Lizhong , Hong Yi , Zhao Jidong , Yin Zhen‐Yu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSuffusion involves fine particles migration within the matrix of coarse fraction under seepage flow, which usually occurs in the gap‐graded material of dams and levees. Key factors controlling the soil erodibility include confining pressure (p′) and fines content (Fc), of which the coupling effect on suffusion still remains contradictory, as concluded from different studies considering narrow scope of these factors. For this reason, a systematical numerical simulation that considers a relative wide range ofp′ andFcwas performed with the coupled discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics approach. Two distinct macroresponses of soil suffusion top′ were revealed, ie, for a given hydraulic gradienti = 2, an increase inp′ intensifies the suffusion of soil with fines overfilling the voids (eg,Fc = 35%), but have negligible effects on the suffusion of gap‐graded soil containing fines underfilling the voids (eg,Fc = 20%). The micromechanical analyses, including force chain buckling and strain energy release, reveal that when the fines overfilled the voids between coarse particles (eg,Fc = 35%) and participated heavily in load‐bearing, the erosion of fines under highicould cause the collapse of the original force transmission structure. The release of higher strain energy within samples under higherp′ accelerated particle movement and intensified suffusion. Conversely, in the case where the fines underfilled the voids between coarse particles (eg,Fc = 20%), the selective erosion of fines had little influence on the force network. Highp′ in this case prevented suffusion.
Displacement‐based and hybrid formulations of zero‐thickness mortar/interface elements for unmatched meshes, with application to fracture mechanics
Authors: de Francisco Miguel , Carol Ignacio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present article develops two formulations of zero‐thickness mortar/interface finite elements for unmatched meshes, which are implemented in a unified theoretical framework. The first one is displacement‐based and may be considered a natural extension of the traditional zero‐thickness interface element to the case of unmatched meshes on each side of the discontinuity. The other one is hybrid, with an interpolation of stress tractions along the contact surface, which coexists with the standard displacement interpolations of the continuum surfaces in contact. The hybrid formulation shares some features with mortar formulations found in the literature of contact‐friction, and turns out fully equivalent to the displacement‐based in the particular case of matched nodes and uniform, linear elastic behavior. Flow chart diagrams for the numerical implementation are also presented and discussed, as well as some examples of application.
Is nurses’ clinical competence associated with their compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zakeri Mohammad Ali , Bazmandegan Gholamreza , Ganjeh Hamid , Zakeri Maryam , Mollaahmadi Sekineh , Anbariyan Ali , Kamiab Zahra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe current study aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical competence and subscale of professional quality of life (ProQOL).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to May 2019 on 291 nurses working in public hospitals in south Iran (Rafsanjan). The nurses were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the ProQOL questionnaire that included three subscales: compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress and burnout and the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurse (CIRN) that measured clinical competence.ResultsA significant positive relationship was observed between compassion satisfaction and clinical competence. A significant negative association was found between compassion satisfaction and secondary traumatic stress/burnout and also between secondary traumatic stress and clinical competence. The results of regression analysis indicated that compassion satisfaction was the best predictor of secondary traumatic stress (R2 = 65%), burnout (R2 = 40%) and clinical competence (R2 = 12%). Moreover, secondary traumatic stress was found to be the best predictor of compassion satisfaction (R2 = 53%).
A re‐evaluation of Kulubnarti: A synthesis of the osteoarchaeological evidence
Authors: Godde Kanya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe medieval Nubian cemeteries at Kulubnarti (R and S) have greatly impacted bioarchaeological knowledge. Recent dating of the cemeteries showed they are contemporaries, contrary to prior conclusions that the R cemetery was later in date. Four lines of evidence used to argue for socio‐economic status (SES) differences between the cemeteries in the literature are evaluated: (1 and 2) architecture of houses/churches, (3) age‐at‐death distributions and pathology prevalence, and (4) distribution/frequency of textile types. It is hypothesized that the S cemetery is probably a special use cemetery for subadults and/or there was a monastic presence at the site. First, the original monographs and articles were synthesized to describe the characteristics of Kulubnarti. Second, to verify that genetic differences from social isolation due SES disparities were not operating at Kulubnarti, cranial metrics and nonmetrics from the Kulubnarti cemeteries and other samples from medieval Lower Nubia (Semna South, el‐Hesa) were separately input into Mahalanobis D2 variations, principal coordinates analyses and Procrustes analyses to produce and plot biodistances. Space and time differences were also tested via Mantel tests. Third and fourth, age‐at‐death distributions from the Kulubnarti cemeteries were modelled with a binomial logistic regression, as were textile‐type distributions/frequencies. The literature demonstrates that the cemeteries and the settlements/churches attributed to them did not overlap in time. The biodistance plots show that there are only small differences between the Kulubnarti cemeteries, which are not suggestive of genetic differences due to social isolation from SES disparities. The age‐at‐death logistic regression indicates a more than sixfold increase in the odds of infants being interred in the S cemetery, as compared with adult females, and a nearly threefold increase of other subadults. Further, there were no significant differences in textile‐type distributions/frequencies between the cemeteries. Alternative models explaining who was buried in the S cemetery are better supported than differences in SES.
Membrane Capacitance from a Bioimpedance Approach: Associations with Insulin Resistance in Relatively Healthy Adults
Authors: Garr Barry Valene , Peterson Courtney M. , Gower Barbara A. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether higher membrane capacitance (CM), a bioelectrical measure of cell membrane function, is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and/or metabolic syndrome (MetS).MethodsCross‐sectional analyses were performed on 2,191 relatively healthy adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The CM of those with low/no disease risk was compared with those with IR, MetS, or both IR and MetS using ANCOVA. The associations between CM and related clinical measures were assessed with multiple linear regression.ResultsCompared with those with low/no risk, women and men with IR (P < 0.001) and IR + MetS (P < 0.001) had higher CM, whereas CM was similar in women (P = 0.4526) and men (P = 0.1126) with MetS alone. Positive associations with CM were seen with waist circumference (women and men standardized beta [STD‐β] = 0.18, P < 0.0001) and fasting insulin (women STD‐β = 0.15, P < 0.0001; men STD‐β = 0.12, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsHigher CM was associated with IR in relatively healthy adults. In the absence of IR, higher CM was not associated with MetS as defined by its clinical diagnostic criteria. This study suggests that with further investigation, CM may be a potential tool to detect IR‐related cell membrane dysfunction.
Adiposity Without Obesity: Associations with Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia, and Falls in the Healthy Ageing Initiative Cohort Study
Authors: Scott David , Johansson Jonas , Ebeling Peter R. , Nordstrom Peter , Nordstrom Anna 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveObesity is commonly defined by BMI rather than adiposity, which may have differential effects on musculoskeletal health. Musculoskeletal outcomes were compared in older adults with normal adiposity and normal BMI (NA‐NBMI), those with high adiposity but normal BMI (HA‐NBMI), and those with high adiposity and high BMI (HA‐HBMI).MethodsIn 3,411 70‐year‐olds, obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and adiposity as body fat percentage ≥ 25% (men) or ≥ 35% (women) from dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Bone parameters were measured by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Sarcopenia was defined as low handgrip strength with or without low appendicular lean mass. Falls were self‐reported 6 and 12 months later.ResultsPrevalence of NA‐NBMI, HA‐NBMI, and HA‐HBMI was 14.2%, 68.1%, and 17.7%, respectively. Compared with HA‐HBMI, HA‐NBMI had increased likelihood for sarcopenia (adjusted odds ratio: 3.99; 95% CI: 1.41‐11.32) and osteoporosis (2.91; 95% CI: 2.35‐3.61) but similar likelihood of falls (P > 0.05). HA‐NBMI had lower values for bone geometry parameters, as well as grip strength, than both NA‐NBMI and HA‐HBMI (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsHigh adiposity without high BMI is more common than BMI‐defined obesity in older Swedish adults but does not provide similar protection from osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
Fully coupled mean‐field FBSDEs with jumps and related optimal control problems
Authors: Li Wenqiang , Min Hui 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn this article, we study a type of fully coupled mean‐field forward‐backward stochastic differential equations with jumps under the monotonicity condition, including the existence and the uniqueness of the solution of our equations as well as the continuity property of the solutions with respect to the parameters. Then we establish the stochastic maximum principle for the corresponding optimal control problems and give the applications to the mean‐variance portfolio problem and linear‐quadratic problem, respectively.
Identification of prognostic factors in childhood T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results from DFCI ALL Consortium Protocols 05‐001 and 11‐001
Authors: Burns Melissa A. , Place Andrew E. , Stevenson Kristen E. , Gutiérrez Alejandro , Forrest Suzanne , Pikman Yana , Vrooman Lynda M. , Harris Marian H. , Weinberg Olga K. , Hunt Sarah K. , O'Brien Jane E. , Asselin Barbara L. , Athale Uma H. , Clavell Luis A. , Cole Peter D. , Gennarini Lisa M. , Kahn Justine M. , Kelly Kara M. , Laverdiere Caroline , Leclerc Jean‐Marie , Michon Bruno , Schorin Marshall A. , Sulis Maria Luisa , Welch Jennifer J.G. , Neuberg Donna S. , Sallan Stephen E. , Silverman Lewis B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground/objectivesWhile outcomes for pediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) are favorable, there are few widely accepted prognostic factors, limiting the ability to risk stratify therapy.Design/methodsDana‐Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) Protocols 05‐001 and 11‐001 enrolled pediatric patients with newly diagnosed B‐ or T‐ALL from 2005 to 2011 and from 2012 to 2015, respectively. Protocol therapy was nearly identical for patients with T‐ALL (N = 123), who were all initially assigned to the high‐risk arm. End‐induction minimal residual disease (MRD) was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) or next‐generation sequencing (NGS), but was not used to modify postinduction therapy. Early T‐cell precursor (ETP) status was determined by flow cytometry. Cases with sufficient diagnostic DNA were retrospectively evaluated by targeted NGS of known genetic drivers of T‐ALL, including Notch, PI3K, and Ras pathway genes.ResultsThe 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with T‐ALL was 81% (95% CI, 73‐87%) and 90% (95% CI, 83‐94%), respectively. ETP phenotype was associated with failure to achieve complete remission, but not with inferior OS. Low end‐induction MRD (<10−4) was associated with superior disease‐free survival (DFS). Pathogenic mutations of the PI3K pathway were mutually exclusive of ETP phenotype and were associated with inferior 5‐year DFS and OS.ConclusionsTogether, our findings demonstrate that ETP phenotype, end‐induction MRD, and PI3K pathway mutation status are prognostically relevant in pediatric T‐ALL and should be considered for risk classification in future trials. DFCI Protocols 05‐001 and 11‐001 are registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00165087 and NCT01574274, respectively.
Ceiba speciosa St. Hill fruit fiber as a potential source for nanocellulose production and reinforcement of polyvinyl acetate composites
Authors: Leal Márcia Regina , Flores‐Sahagun Thais Helena Sydenstricker , Franco Talita Szlapak , Muniz Graciela I.B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe natural cottony aspect of silk‐floss tree fruit fiber allied with its high‐cellulose content turned our attention for their application at the nanocellulose production since spares the prerefining and pulping processes that are obligatory for the size reduction of the main cellulosic fiber sources. This study presents preparation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) using mechanical defibrillation to explore their potential in the preparation of polymer composites using polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) emulsion. We characterized and subjected silk‐floss fruit fiber to four chemical treatments. Based on the degree of delignification, treatments with sodium chlorite (II) and their mixture with methanol and toluene (IV) were chosen for further studies. The resulting CNFs were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Composites were prepared using several amounts (0.50‐1.00 wt%) of CNFs and their tensile strengths were determined. Composites containing 1.00% CNFs (Treatment II) were found to exhibit lowest strength while those with 0.5% CNFs (Treatment IV) showed the highest strength with 351% and were 518% higher resistant than the PVAc matrix, respectively.
Engagement and effectiveness of digitally enabled behavioural change support for people living with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kar Partha , Goward Charlotte , Whitman Michael , Davies Mark , Willner Tamara , Shaw Ken 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPeople living with type 2 diabetes are usually offered diabetes structured education, brief diet and lifestyle advice, or referral to weight management services. These are delivered in a face‐to‐face setting traditionally, but attendance and outcome data are inconsistent. Digital alternatives provide a different approach, but outcomes and engagement are poorly understood. This study aims to strengthen this evidence by evaluating a digital lifestyle change programme.Data were analysed from participants referred as an alternative to face‐to‐face weight management or structured education courses. They were adults living with type 2 diabetes, with a mean baseline BMI of 35.9kg/m2 (SD ±6.7). Weight data were collected using digital weighing scales, and the participants’ general practitioners collected HbA1c data. Engagement data were collected through interactions with educational articles, tracking devices, and support from peers or a health coach.In total, 144 participants started the programme, and 94 (65.3%) submitted weight readings after 12 months. Of these, 60.6% achieved over 5% total body weight loss, and 28.7% achieved over 10% total body weight loss. The analysis found 41/144 (28.5%) participants returned to their general practice for a blood test, and 39% reduced their HbA1c to below 48mmol/mol. A higher number of interactions with the application was associated with greater weight loss.This evidence supports the effectiveness of digital behaviour change interventions, using structured education and weight management advice. Findings provide information on engagement with these programmes, suggesting a potential association between programme engagement and weight loss. Copyright © 2020 John Wiley & Sons.
Theoretical and experimental study on three‐layered polymeric balloon catheter processing
Authors: Jin Guobao , Hua Weijian , Wang Kesheng , Xu Changxue , Bian Jinyao , Dai Guanghui , Qin Peng , Jin Yifei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMultilayered polymeric balloon catheters, one of the most important components during interventional treatment, are drawing more attention recently due to the microscale cross section, excellent mechanical properties, and high accuracy. During multilayered polymeric balloon catheter processing, many operating conditions can affect the size and shape of cross sections. In this study, polymer melt flow behavior inside extrusion die is theoretically analyzed first. Then, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polypropylene (PP) are selected as the build materials to produce the middle and inner layers of three‐layered polymeric balloon catheters, while polyamide (PA) and thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) are used to make the outer layer of two types of catheters, respectively. Based on the material selection, a three‐layered coaxial die is designed and manufactured to coextrude three different polymer melts to form corresponding catheters. In addition, the effects of operating conditions including outer layer materials, pulling speed, gas flow rate, and screw rotation speeds on the diameters and wall thicknesses as well as the concentricity and ovality of the extrudates are investigated. Finally, the PA‐EVA‐PP and TPE‐EVA‐PP three‐layered catheters are successfully fabricated, which have well‐defined geometries and high shape accuracy.
Cardiometabolic Effects of High‐Intensity Hybrid Functional Electrical Stimulation Exercise after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Solinsky Ryan , Mercier Hannah , Picard Glen , Taylor J. Andrew 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionThe prevalence of cardiometabolic disease following spinal cord injury is known to be high. However, it is unknown whether engaging in high‐intensity exercise, which is advocated by recent guidelines, is beneficial or feasible for these individuals.ObjectiveTo assess the effects of high‐intensity, whole‐body exercise on the prevalence of cardiometabolic disease in individuals with spinal cord injury.DesignCombination of a randomized controlled trial and an open label intervention study of functional electrical stimulation legs plus arms rowing.SettingOutpatient academic rehabilitation hospital.ParticipantsForty individuals with spinal cord injury, with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairments scales A‐D and neurological levels of injury C1‐T12.InterventionSix months of high‐intensity, hybrid‐functional electrical stimulation rowing.Main Outcome MeasuresChange in VO2max, serum lipids, and insulin resistance, prevalence of cardiometabolic disease.ResultsIndividuals averaged 42.1 ± 22.0 minutes of hybrid‐functional electrical stimulation rowing a week over an average of 1.69 sessions per week over the 6 months of intervention. This amounted to an average of 170.9 ± 100 km rowed, at a mean heart rate of 82.7% of individualized maximum. Only one of 40 individuals met current exercise guidelines for the full 6 months. VO2max increased significantly (P < .001), yet prevalence of cardiometabolic disease did not change significantly (decrease from 22.5% to 20%, P = .70). Hemoglobin A1c did decrease significantly over this time (P = .01), although serum lipids and fasting glucose/insulin levels were unchanged. In exploratory subanalyses assessing individuals injured ≤12 months, those with more chronic injuries decreased their triglyceride‐to‐high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (P = .04), a marker of cardiac mortality. Stratifying by neurological level of injury, individuals with paraplegia had worsened low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) level (P = .02) and total cholesterol‐to‐HDL ratio (P = .04) over the 6‐month intervention.ConclusionsSustained high‐intensity exercise with hybrid functional electrical stimulation rowing does not decrease the prevalence of cardiometabolic disease after spinal cord injury.
Biodegradable polymers as carriers for tuning the release and improve the herbicidal effectiveness of Dittrichia viscosa plant organic extracts
Authors: Serino Nadia , Boari Angela , Santagata Gabriella , Masi Marco , Malinconico Mario , Evidente Antonio , Vurro Maurizio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe organic extracts (OEs) of Dittrichia viscosa, a ruderal plant common in the Mediterranean regions, proved to have herbicidal properties. In order to improve OE effectiveness and to develop novel eco‐friendly bioherbicidal products, different amounts of OE were included in poly(butylene succinate)‐ and polycaprolactone‐based films (PBS and PCL, respectively). Particular attention was given to the study of interactions between the polymers and OEs, with a deep spotlight concerning the influence of OEs on structural, morphological and thermal properties of both polymers, in order to assess the OE releasing kinetics from the matrices and its tuned herbicidal action against seeds.RESULTSThe bioassays carried out on Lepidium sativum and Phelipanche ramosa seeds evidenced a more controlled and effective OE release by PBS than PCL, and a longer lasting efficacy by the polymers with a higher OE content. The chemical–physical analyses were performed on films before and after biological assays. The thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that OE was a thermal stabilizer of the polymer; the presence of OE and polymer separated degradative kinetics suggested that only a partial and functional miscibility between polymers and OE occurred. The morphological analysis confirmed the good OE dispersion between PBS and PCL molecular chains. Infrared spectroscopy highlighted the enhanced hydrolysed structure of the doped polymers after the bioassays. These outcomes well matched the quantitative information outlined by release kinetics.DISCUSSIONThe use of biodegradable polymers allows the effectiveness and tuning of the release of the formulated bioactive compounds to be improved. The easy‐to‐obtain and easy‐to‐formulate OE could become a suitable and environmentally friendly instrument in weed management programmes.
Accurate, simple equation for saturated vapour pressure over water and ice
Authors: Ambaum Maarten H. P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present and assess a simple equation for saturated vapour pressure over water and ice. The equation does not rely on an explicit integration of the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, but instead uses the equality of the Gibbs functions of the vapour and the liquid or ice in equilibrium. The resulting equation is simple, physically consistent with standard thermodynamic assumptions, uses only basic physical parameters, and is at least as accurate as commonly used empirical fits. It is further shown that the finite volume of liquid water has a negligible effect on the vapour pressure. The main variation from accurate tabulated data results from the variation of vapour and liquid isobaric heat capacities. Nevertheless, it is shown that, for the purpose of accurate calculation of saturated vapour pressure, this can usually be ignored.