bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-output bending motion of a soft inflatable microactuator with an actuation conversion mechanism
Authors: Konishi Satoshi , Kosawa Hirotoshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe improvement of soft inflatable microactuators using an actuation conversion mechanism is presented in terms of high-output generation; a bending inflatable microactuator with the conversion mechanism is designed to generate high-output bending motion. The designed microactuator consists of a pneumatic balloon on a base film and a conversion film over the balloon and ribs on the backside of the base film. A conversion film converts the inflating motion of a pneumatic balloon into a bending motion. The fabricated microactuator with a pneumatic balloon of 13 mm in diameter is 16 mm × 40 mm × 850 μm. A 25 μm thick polyimide film is used as a conversion film over the pneumatic balloon because polyimide film is both non-stretchable and flexible. An array of Si ribs (15 mm × 40 mm × 400 μm) is integrated on the backside of the base film. Analysis of the microactuators with and without the conversion mechanism indicates that the output performance is improved with the addition of the conversion mechanism, as designed. As a result, the microactuator with the conversion film generates a maximum force of 1.72 N at 80 kPa, whereas the microactuator without the conversion film generates a maximum force of 0.15 N at 40 kPa. The improved microactuator can provide 4.2 mN/mm3 as the force density. In addition to fundamental characterization, the performance characteristics of the actuators are examined by combining the fundamental results.
Monocaprin eye drop formulation to combat antibiotic resistant gonococcal blindness
Authors: Churchward Colin P. , Al-Kinani Ali A. , Abdelkader Hamdy , Swinden Julian , Siwoku Opeoluwa , Varnakulasingam Thinuba , Alany Raid G. , Snyder Lori A. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria are acknowledged as an urgent threat to human health because this species has developed resistances to all of the antibiotics used clinically to treat its infections. N. gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea, but also causes blindness when the bacteria infect the eyes. Infants are particularly susceptible, acquiring the infection from their mothers at birth. We have shown that the monoglyceride monocaprin rapidly kills N. gonorrhoeae and other bacterial species and is non-irritating in ocular assays. Here we show that the physical and chemical properties of monocaprin make it ideal for use in a thickened eye drop formulation to combat eye infections. Monocaprin-containing formulations were assessed using analytical techniques and for antimicrobial activity in vitro and in ex vivo infections. Monocaprin-containing formulations retained activity after three years and are non-irritating, unlike preparations of povidone iodine in our assays. A recommended formulation for further development and investigation is 0.25% monocaprin in 1% HPMC with 1% polysorbate 20.
Impaired learning from regret and disappointment in alcohol use disorder
Authors: Galandra Caterina , Crespi Chiara , Basso Gianpaolo , Canessa Nicola 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe development of alcohol habits is considered a form of maladaptive reinforced learning, with sustained alcohol use resulting in the strengthening of associative links between consumption and either rewarding, or the lack of aversive, experiences. Despite recent efforts in characterizing decision-making skills in alcohol-use-disorder (AUD), it is still unknown whether impaired behavioural learning in AUD patients reflects a defective processing and anticipation of choice-related, cognitively mediated, emotions such as regret or relief forwhat might have been under a different choice. We administered a Wheel-of-Fortune (WoF) task to 26 AUD patients and 19 healthy controls, to investigate possible alterations in adjusting choices to the magnitude of experienced regret/relief, and in other facets of decision-making performance such as choice latency. AUD patients displayed both longer deliberation time than healthy controls, and impaired adaptations to previous outcome-related negative emotions. Although further evidence is needed to unveil the cognitive mechanisms underlying AUD patients’ abnormal choice, the present results highlight important implications for the clinical practice, e.g. in terms of cognitive treatments aiming to shape faulty perceptions about negative emotions associated with excessive alcohol exposure.
Capsidiol-related genes are highly expressed in response to Colletotrichum scovillei during Capsicum annuum fruit development stages
Authors: Baba Viviane Y. , Powell Adrian F. , Ivamoto-Suzuki Suzana T. , Pereira Luiz F. P. , Vanzela André L. L. , Giacomin Renata M. , Strickler Susan R. , Mueller Lukas A. , Rodrigues Rosana , Gonçalves Leandro S. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCapsicum annuumis one of the most important horticultural crops worldwide. Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichumspp.) is a major constraint for chili production, causing substantial losses. Capsidiol is a sesquiterpene phytoalexin present in pepper fruits that can enhance plant resistance. The genetic mechanisms involved in capisidiol biosynthesis are still poorly understood. In this study, a 3′ RNA sequencing approach was used to develop the transcriptional profile dataset ofC. annuumgenes in unripe (UF) and ripe fruits (RF) in response toC. scovilleiinfection. Results showed 4,845 upregulated and 4,720 downregulated genes in UF, and 2,560 upregulated and 1,762 downregulated genes in RF under fungus inoculation. Four capsidiol-related genes were selected for RT-qPCR analysis, two 5-epi-aristolochene synthase (CA12g05030,CA02g09520)and two 5-epi-aristolochene-1,3-dihydroxylase genes (CA12g05070,CA01g05990).CA12g05030andCA01g05990genes showed an early response to fungus infection in RF (24 h post-inoculation—HPI), being 68-fold and 53-fold more expressed at 96 HPI, respectively. In UF, all genes showed a late response, especiallyCA12g05030, which was 700-fold more expressed at 96 HPI compared to control plants. We are proving here the first high-throughput expression dataset of pepper fruits in response to anthracnose disease in order to contribute for future pepper breeding programs.
Correlation between serum IL-32 concentration and clinical parameters of stable COPD: a retrospective clinical analysis
Authors: Rong Biaoxue , Fu Tian , Rong Congxue , Liu Wen , Li Kai , Liu Hua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study was to investigate the association between serum interleukin 32 (IL-32) concentration and clinical parameters in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One hundred and sixteen patients with stable COPD and 70 healthy subjects were included in the study. The serum concentration of IL-32 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation between serum IL-32 and clinical parameters of patients with COPD was analyzed by T-test, one-way analysis of variance, multiple linear regression and receiver operating characteristic curve. The serum concentration of IL-32 in patients with stable COPD was higher than that in healthy control group (p < 0.001) and increased serum IL-32 was positively correlated with GOLD grading (p = 0.026), mMRC score (p = 0.004) and clinical medical history (p = 0.005), but negatively related to FEV1/FVC (p = 0.001) and FEV1% predicted (p = 0.001). Patient's COPD grading (p = 0.001), clinical medical history (p < 0.001) and FEV1/FVC (p = 0.001) exerted a significant impact on serum IL-32. The sensitivity and specificity of serum IL-32 for discerning COPD patients from healthy individuals were 85.34% and 64.29%, and the area under the curve was 0.808 (p < 0.001). Increased IL-32 is involved in the chronic disease progression of COPD, suggesting that IL-32 may be a molecular biomarker that reflects the severity of COPD and contributes to the disease diagnosis.
Disfluency Characteristics of 4- and 5-Year-Old Children Who Stutter and Their Relationship to Stuttering Persistence and Recovery
Authors: Walsh Bridget , Bostian Anna , Tichenor Seth E. , Brown Barbara , Weber Christine 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to document disfluency behaviors expressed by 4- and 5-year-old children who stutter and to identify whether stuttering characteristics at this age are predictive of later stuttering recovery or persistence.

Method

We analyzed spontaneous speech samples from 47 children diagnosed with developmental stuttering when they were 4–5 years old. Based on their eventual diagnosis made the final year of participation in the longitudinal study when the children were 6–9 years old, the children were divided into two groups: children who eventually recovered from stuttering (
n
= 29) and children who were persisting (
n
= 18). We calculated a composite weighted stuttering-like disfluency (SLD) index of overall severity that considers the frequency, type, and number of repetition units of SLDs. The frequency and type of typical disfluencies were also examined.

Results
Higher weighted SLD scores at ages 4–5 years were associated with a higher probability of persistent stuttering. The weighted SLD also significantly discriminated between children who would eventually be diagnosed as persisting or recovered from stuttering. The frequency and type of typical disfluency did not distinguish the two groups of children; however, children who were persisting had significantly higher frequencies of part-word repetitions and dysrhythmic phonations (i.e., blocks, prolongations, and broken words) and maximum number of part-word repetitions compared to children who eventually recovered from stuttering.

Conclusions
Previous findings in younger, 2- to 3-year-old children who stutter did not suggest a relationship between the severity and type of children's SLDs and their eventual stuttering outcome. Yet, by the age of 4–5 years, we found that the weighted SLD, a clinically applicable tool, may be used to help identify children at greater risk for stuttering persistence. We propose that the weighted SLD be considered, along with other predictive factors, when assessing risk of stuttering persistence in 4- and 5-year-old children who are stuttering.
A robust two-parameter description of the stellar profile of elliptical galaxies
Authors: Sonnenfeld Alessandro 
Published: July 2020

Context.The stellar density profile of a galaxy is typically summarised with two numbers: the total stellar mass and half-light radius. The total mass of a galaxy, however, is not a well-defined quantity, due to the finite depth of photometric observations and the arbitrariness of the distinction between galaxy and diffuse intra-group light. This limits our ability to make accurate comparisons between models and observations.Aims.I wish to provide a more robust two-parameter description of the stellar density distribution of elliptical galaxies, in terms of quantities that can be measured unambiguously.Methods.I propose using the stellar mass enclosed within 10 kpc in projection,M*,10, and the mass-weighted stellar density slope within the same aperture, Γ*,10, for this purpose. I measured the distribution inM*,10and Γ*,10of a sample of elliptical galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey, using photometry from the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey. I measured, at fixed (M*,10, Γ*,10), what the spread is in the galaxy surface brightness profile and central stellar velocity dispersion within the sample. As a first application, I then compared the observedM*,10 − Γ*,10relation of elliptical galaxies with that of similarly selected galaxies in the EAGLE REFERENCEsimulation.Results.The pair of values of (M*,10, Γ*,10) can be used to predict the stellar density profile in the inner 10 kpc of a galaxy with better than 20% accuracy. Similarly,M*,10and Γ*,10can be combined to obtain a proxy for stellar velocity dispersion that is at least as good as the stellar mass fundamental plane. The average stellar density slope of EAGLE elliptical galaxies matches that of observed ones atM*,10 = 1011M⊙well, but the EAGLEM*,10 − Γ*,10relation is shallower and has a larger intrinsic scatter compared to observations.Conclusions.This new parameterisation of the stellar density profile of massive elliptical galaxies provides a more robust way of comparing results from different photometric surveys and from hydrodynamical simulations, with respect to a description based on total stellar mass and half-light radius.
Capsaicin Supplementation during High-intensity Continuous Exercise:
A Double-blind Study
Authors: Padilha Camila S. , Billaut Francois , Figueiredo Caique , Panissa Valéria Leme Gonçalves , Rossi Fabrício Eduardo , Lira Fabio S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo investigate the effect of acute capsaicin (CAP) supplementation on time to
exhaustion, physiological responses and energy systems contribution during
continuous high-intensity exercise session in runners. Fifteen
recreationally-trained runners completed two randomized, double-blind continuous
high-intensity exercises at the speed eliciting 90%
V̇O2peak (90% s V̇O2peak), 45
minutes after consuming capsaicin or an isocaloric placebo. Time to exhaustion,
blood lactate concentration, oxygen consumption during and 20-min post-exercise,
energy systems contribution, time to reach V̇O2peak, heart
rate and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were evaluated. There was no
significant difference between conditions for time to reach
V̇O2peak (CAP:391.71±221.8 vs.
PLA:298.20±174.5 sec, ES:0.58, p=0.872), peak lactate
(CAP:7.98±2.11 vs. PLA:8.58±2.15 µmol,
ES:−0.28, p=0.257), time to exhaustion
(CAP:654.28±195.44 vs. PLA:709.20±208.44 sec, ES:−0.28,
p=0.462, end-of-exercise heart rate (CAP:177.6±14.9 vs.
PLA:177.5±17.9 bpm, ES:−0.10, p=0.979) and
end-of-exercise RPE (CAP: 19±0.8 vs. PLA: 18±2.4, ES: 0.89,
p=0.623). In conclusion, acute CAP supplementation did not increase time
to exhaustion during high-intensity continuous exercise nor alter physiological
responses in runners.
Body Composition Changes after One Year in Professional Male Ice
Hockey Players
Authors: Stanzione Joseph R. , Dardarian Nyree , Volpe Stella L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBody composition measurements remain one of the best objective ways to analyze
tissue distribution in athletes. The purpose of this study was to establish an
average body composition profile for professional male ice hockey players,
assess the yearly fluctuations of body composition after a single season, and
assess body composition changes among different positions. Body composition was
measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 36 professional male ice
hockey players. Descriptive statistics were used to determine average values. A
paired samples t-test was applied to determine differences over a one-year
period. A one-way analysis of variance was used to determine differences between
positions, at both time points. Alpha levels were set a priori at
p<0.05. Significant increases were observed in percent body fat across
time points for all positions (p=0.019). There were significant
differences in percent body fat between positions played (p=0.012) after
one year. We demonstrated that there was low variability among the different
positions in professional male ice hockey players. Additionally, we observed how
a single year minimally influences changes in body composition. More research is
required to evaluate body composition in male ice hockey players.
Österreichische Bewegungsempfehlungen für Frauen
während der Schwangerschaft und danach, für Kinder im
Kindergartenalter und für Kinder und Jugendliche
Authors: Ring-Dimitriou Susanne , Windsperger Karin , Felder-Puig Rosemarie , Kayer Beate , Zeuschner Verena , Lercher Piero 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungBasierend auf bereits dargelegten internationalen Empfehlungen werden in diesem
Beitrag die Österreichischen Bewegungsempfehlungen für Frauen
während der Schwangerschaft und danach, für Kinder im
Kindergartenalter sowie für Kinder und Jugendliche in diesem Beitrag
vorgestellt. Für Frauen in der Schwangerschaft und in den ersten Monaten
nach der Entbindung weichen die Bewegungsempfehlungen nicht von jenen der
Erwachsenen ab. Lediglich bei vorliegenden gesundheitlichen Problemen, kann es
zu Bewegungseinschränkungen kommen. Kindern unter 6 Jahren sollten so
oft wie möglich Bewegungsgelegenheiten geboten werden und sich bis zu 3
Stunden täglich mit mittlerer und hoher Intensität auf
vielfältige Weise bewegen können, um ein gesundes Aufwachsen zu
ermöglichen. In der Altersgruppe der 6 bis 18-Jährigen wird
tägliche Bewegung im Umfang von mindestens einer Stunde empfohlen. Bei
der Auswahl der Bewegungsformen sollte der Entwicklungsstand und das
Aktivitätsausmaß von Kindern und Jugendlichen beachtet werden,
um ein freudvolles überdauerndes Bewegungsverhalten zu garantieren. Die
Bewegungsempfehlungen dienen der Verbreitung im Bereich der
Gesundheitsförderung und stellen eine Grundlage für die
Entwicklung und Evaluation von gesundheitswirksamen Bewegungsprogrammen dar.
Nicht-Interventionelle Studien am Kommunalen Großkrankenhaus
und die Umsetzung der Datenschutzgrundverordnung (DSGVO)
Authors: Hach Isabel , Meseli Filiz 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Seit 25. Mai 2018 gilt die Europäische
Datenschutzgrundverordnung und führt auch im Bereich der
wissenschaftlichen medizinischen Studien zu Veränderungen.
Nicht-interventionelle Studien (NIS) können einen wichtigen Beitrag zur
Versorgungsforschung leisten. Auch NIS benötigen nun teilweise die
Beurteilung eines Datenschutzbeauftragten vor Studienstart. Diese Arbeit
untersucht alle am Klinikum Nürnberg zwischen dem 01.April 2017 und dem
31.Juli 2019 gemeldeten NIS (mit Fremdsponsor oder eigeninitiiert). Dabei werden
die lokal zur Umsetzung der DSGVO getroffenen Maßnahmen
überprüft.
Material und Methode Alle Studien, die am Klinikum Nürnberg
durchgeführt werden, sollen ans Studienzentrum gemeldet werden. Dort
erfolgt die Koordination der Forschungsvorhaben. Neben verschiedenen anderen
Maßnahmen (Checkliste, Qualitätszirkel) wurde ein
Datenschutzbeauftragter für den Bereich Studien implementiert. Alle
registrierten NIS wurden auf die Art der Anonymysierung, die Notwendigkeit einer
offiziellen ethischen Stellungnahme (gemäß §15
BOÄ) und auch einer Datenschutzerklärung
überprüft. Die Daten wurden vorwiegend deskriptiv
ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Seit Geltung der DSGVO wurden mehr NIS am Klinikum
Nürnberg gestartet (N=77 vs. N=59), v. a.
eigeninitiierte NIS nahmen signifikant zu (+84%,
p<0,01). Die Mehrzahl dieser IITS arbeitete mit absolut anonymisierten
Daten (vor DSGVO: N=28 absolut anonymisiert vs. N=4
pseudonymsiert; nach DSGVO: 51 vs.7; n.s.). 22 Studien, v. a. IITs
(86%), benötigten eine offizielle Stellungnahme des
DS-Beauftragten und verwendeten eine Patienteninformation. Nach DSGVO wurden
19% der eigeninitiierten NIS gemäß §15
BOÄ durch eine offizielle Ethik-Kommssion bewertet (vor DSGVO:
12,5%; n.s.). 1 Jahr nach Start der DSGVO lag die durchschnittliche
Bearbeitungszeit des DS-Beauftragten für eine NIS bei 10,5
Werktagen.
Schlussfolgerung Nicht-interventionelle Studien und hier v. a.
die eigeninitiierten sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil der wissenschaftlichen
Forschung am Klinikum Nürnberg. Seit Wirksamwerden der DSGVO zeigte sich
eine Zunahme der eigeninitiierten NIS. Durch Standardisierung der Prozesse und
Zusatzmaßnahmen kann die DSGVO vollumfänglich
berücksichtigt werden ohne den Studienstart wesentlich zu
verzögern.
The Effects of a Cognitive Dual Task on Jump-landing Movement
Quality
Authors: Schnittjer Amber , Simon Janet E. , Yom Jae , Grooms Dustin R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInvestigations on movement quality deficits associated with jump landing are
numerous, however, these studies are often performed in laboratories with little
distraction to the participant. This is contrary to how injury typically occurs
secondary to sport-specific distraction where the athlete is cognitively loaded
during motor performance. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the
effect of a cognitive load on jump-landing movement quality. A dual-task design
was used to determine the effects of a dual-task on tuck jump movement quality
in 20 participants. There were three cognitive conditions (no cognitive task,
easy-cognitive task, and difficult-cognitive task). The dual task elicited
statistically significant changes in overall tuck jump score (movement quality)
across the conditions with tuck jump score increasing from 3.52±1.64
baseline to 4.37±1.25 with the easy-cognitive task to 4.67±1.24
with the difficult-cognitive task. The findings of this study may be useful to
screen for individuals at risk of lower extremity injury utilizing the tuck jump
when paired with a cognitive task. The screening would then identify individuals
who may have poor neuromuscular control when cognitively loaded.
Endoscopic Doppler probe ultrasonography for detecting blood flow at post-endoscopic submucosal dissection ulcers of the stomach
Authors: Shiratori Yasutoshi , Ikeya Takashi , Oguri Noriaki , Takasu Ayaka , Okamoto Takeshi , Fukuda Katsuyuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims The rate of early rebleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer ranges from 5 % to 38 %, despite application of preventive methods. Post-ESD rebleeding may be caused by “invisible” vessels that may not be detectable using ultrasonographic techniques. Recently, Doppler probe ultrasonography (DOP) has been used in endoscopy. Because little is known about the usefulness of DOP for decreasing the post-ESD rebleeding rate, we performed a preliminary case series study.
Patients and methods Twelve patients underwent DOP for post-ESD ulcer evaluation after visible vessel coagulation. In this study, the novel DOP system used in the vascular surgery department was used. DOP-positive invisible vessels were shown as a pulse wave on the monitor.
Results No (0 %) cases of post-ESD rebleeding occurred. Twenty invisible vessels were detected, and 13 were subjected to additional coagulation up to a depth of 3 mm. Mean DOP procedure time was 11.6 minutes (range: 8–18 minutes). In these latter cases, disappearance of the Doppler pulse wave was confirmed. No early rebleeding or other adverse events were experienced.
Conclusion DOP is a safe and feasible method for detecting invisible vessels in post-ESD ulcers. Further investigation of the clinical relevance is warranted.
Morphological profiling of tubercle bacilli identifies drug pathways of action
Authors: Smith Trever C. , Pullen Krista M. , Olson Michaela C. , McNellis Morgan E. , Richardson Ian , Hu Sophia , Larkins-Ford Jonah , Wang Xin , Freundlich Joel S. , Ando D. Michael , Aldridge Bree B. 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceTuberculosis is a leading cause of death in the world and requires treatment with an arduous multidrug regimen. Many new tuberculosis drugs are in development, and the drug development pipeline would benefit from more rapid methods to learn drug mechanism of action and off-target effects. Here we describe a high-throughput imaging method for rapidly classifying drugs into categories based on the primary and secondary mechanisms of cellular damage caused by different antibacterials called Morphological Evaluation and Understanding of Stress (MorphEUS). We anticipate that MorphEUS will assist in rapidly pinpointing pathway of action of antibacterials for tuberculosis and other bacterial infections.