bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic Extrusion of Algae‐Laden Hydrogels for Large‐Scale Applications
Authors: Malik Shneel , Hagopian Julie , Mohite Sanika , Lintong Cao , Stoffels Laura , Giannakopoulos Sofoklis , Beckett Richard , Leung Christopher , Ruiz Javier , Cruz Marcos , Parker Brenda 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA bioprinting technique for large‐scale, custom‐printed immobilization of microalgae is developed for potential applications within architecture and the built environment. Alginate‐based hydrogels with various rheology modifying polymers and varying water percentages are characterized to establish a window of operation suitable for layer‐by‐layer deposition on a large scale. Hydrogels formulated with methylcellulose and carrageenan, with water percentages ranging from 80% to 92.5%, demonstrate a dominant viscoelastic solid–like property with G′ > G″ and a low phase angle, making them the most suitable for extrusion‐based printing. A custom multimaterial pneumatic extrusion system is developed to be attached on the end effector of an industrial multiaxis robot arm, allowing precision‐based numerically controlled layered deposition of the viscous hydrogel. The relationship between the various printing parameters, namely air pressure, material viscosity, viscoelasticity, feed rate, printing distance, nozzle diameter, and the speed of printing, are characterized to achieve the desired resolution of the component. Printed prototypes are postcured in CaCl2 via crosslinking. Biocompatibility tests show that cells can survive for 21 days after printing the constructs. To demonstrate the methodology for scale‐up, a 1000 × 500 mm fibrous hydrogel panel is additively deposited with 3 different hydrogels with varying water percentages.
Spatial influence evaluation research of economic growth on greenhouse gas emissions in Brazil
Authors: de Souza Helson G. , Chaves Fellipy A.H. , Santos Camilla Oliveira , de Araujo Jair A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGiven the large contribution of rural activities to the Brazilian economy and the vast contribution of these agricultural activities to the emission of pollutant gases, this paper aims to analyze the impact of economic growth on greenhouse gas emissions related to the urban and rural areas of Brazil. Data from 2004 to 2014 were used and the environmental Kuznets curve equation for Brazilian states was estimated via a spatial econometric method for panel data. Thus, two effects have been demonstrated for both urban and rural areas. First, rising economic growth increases short‐term pollutant emissions. Second, in the long run, maintaining the rise in economic growth levels leads to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, the estimation results showed the need to implement pollutant removal policies, especially in the rural areas of Brazilian states. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of the stateless health insurance scheme on inpatient service utilization of stateless children at the four selected district hospitals in Tak Province, Thailand
Authors: Barua Proloy , Narattharaksa Kanida 
Published: November 2019

SummaryObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of the stateless insurance scheme on inpatient service utilization of stateless patients in comparison to the universal coverage scheme (UCS) insurees and the uninsured.DesignThe retrospective study used the routinely collected health data (eg, 43‐file database) from January 1,2013, to December 31,2017. The study took a sample of 9528 child patients aged 0to 18years who had an inpatient (IP)admission at the four selected district hospitals in Tak Province. The outcome variable was IP utilization rate (admissions/person/year), while the exposure was the three‐insurance status: uninsured, stateless, and UCS. With the counted outcome data, the researchers applied the Poisson regression, taking confounders into account, to measure the effect of exposure on outcome.ResultsThe overall median IP utilization rate was one admissions/person/year. Compared with the uninsured group, the stateless and the UCS insurees had 98% (incidence rate ratio [IRR]=1.980, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.250, 2.710) and 67% (IRR=1.670, 95% CI = 0.949, 2.390) higher IP admissions, respectively. The younger stateless insurees (2‐3 years) had 16% (IRR=0.837, 95% CI=−0.036, 1.710) fewer admissions while oldest stateless insurees had 6% (IRR = 1.060, 95% CI = 0.235, 1.880) more admissions compared withtheir youngest uninsured counterpart (0–1 year). Stateless females had 21% (IRR=0.789, 95% CI = 0.344, 1.230) fewer IP admissions compared with their uninsured males counterparts. Overall IP utilization rate increased from 4% (IRR=1.040, 95% CI = 0.981,1.090) in 2014 to 14% (IRR=1.140, 95% CI = 1.070, 1.210) in 2017 compared with IP utilization in 2013.ConclusionsThe study suggests that inpatient utilization rate differs by insurance status with statistical significance. Further experimental studies are needed to understand the causal effect of the stateless insurance on adverse health outcomes in stateless children in the country.
Development and implementation of nutrition labelling in Iran: A retrospective policy analysis
Authors: Edalati Sareh , Omidvar Nasrin , Haghighian Roudsari Arezoo , Ghodsi Delaram , Zargaraan Azizollaah 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundNutrition labelling is a strategy to promote healthy eating and combat non‐communicable diseases (NCDs). The present study aimed to provide an analysis of the nutrition labelling policy and its opportunities to improve in Iran.MethodsData were collected by 1) reviewing relevant documents and 2) semi‐structured interviews with stakeholders through purposive and snowball sampling, continued until data saturation was achieved. A deductive content analysis was used by applying the policy triangulation framework and the Kingdon multiple stream theory. MAXQDA software was used to manage data analysis.ResultsIran, is the first country in the Eastern Mediterranean region which has accomplished to implement nutrition traffic light labelling. The main contextual factors that affected nutrition labelling policy to become a national included health, political commitment, and international factors. Poor involvement of media for public awareness of nutrition traffic labeling, the inconsistency of nutrition traffic light color ranking using food standard guidelines, lack of consistency between nutrition traffic light colors and the healthy/unhealthy nature of some food products and the absence of a comprehensive evaluation plan were among the policy challenges identified.ConclusionsStrengthening the governance for a healthy food environment is recommended to improve the program. Also, establishing national portion sizes for food labelling, initiating public awareness campaigns, evaluation of the policy effect and public perception of the labels and their application are recommended.
Medical reversals in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Haslam Alyson , Prasad Vinay , Livingston Catherine 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundLow‐ to middle‐income countries (LMICs) often have limited budgets for health care, and as such, they need to prioritize health care interventions that are evidence based. However, sometimes, interventions are implemented despite a lack of supporting evidence because of a perceived biologic plausibility or because they have worked in other populations. Later, some of these interventions are shown to either lack benefit or are harmful in randomized studies, which we call a medical reversal.Main bodyIn this paper, we discuss a variety of medical reversals in LMICs, ranging from tuberculosis to nutrition to malaria to septic shock. These practices were previously identified, but we wish to highlight those that are most relevant to LMICs.ConclusionIdentifying and eliminating these practices will help in better allocation of limited health care resources and dollars in LMICs.
Downstream evolution of wastewater treatment plant nutrient signals using high‐temporal monitoring
Authors: Ledford Sarah H. , Toran Laura 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWastewater treatment plants are major point‐sources of nutrients to streams globally, but the impact on receiving streams is not always clear. Previous research has shown mixed responses in receiving streams, with some showing no net retention through in‐stream processing for large distances below plants and some showing high rates of processing and retention. This study focuses on Sandy Run, a small, suburban stream in Montgomery County, PA, that receives effluent from two plants, where effluent makes up an estimated 50% of outlet discharge at baseflow. Two sites were monitored in late summer baseflow using high‐temporal loggers to evaluate nitrate and phosphate retention with distance below the plants. Effluent quantity was monitored immediately below the effluent outfalls using specific conductivity as a conservative signal of solute fluctuations throughout the day. A site 1 km downstream showed diel nitrate changes, but despite moderate gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration rates, there was little net retention of nutrients and the diel nitrate signal can be attributed to advection and dispersion of variable upstream effluent. A site 5.4 km below the plant showed a diel nitrate signal as well, but baseflow daily hysteresis plots of nitrate and specific conductivity showed the effluent and nitrate peaks did not coincide. Instead, the effluent input signal was seen overnight, but there was in‐stream removal and release processes during the day. Over the distance to this site, the stream was metabolizing some of the high nutrient loads, although gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration rates were lower. It is important to understand subdaily changes in nutrient processing to fully quantify the impacts of effluent on small streams at different scales. Furthermore, looking at the diel signal without considering conservative transport would overestimate in‐stream processing.
Flexible electronics based on one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional hybrid nanomaterials
Authors: Park Jihun , Hwang Jae Chul , Kim Gon Guk , Park Jang‐Ung 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch on flexible or wearable electronics has been grown remarkably due to the advent of nanomaterials, such as metal nanowires, graphene, or transition metal dichalcogenides. Although each nanomaterial has mechanical and electrical characteristics that can be applied into flexible electronics, the limitations of each nanomaterial are also clear. In order to overcome the limitations of these nanomaterials, research on the hybrid structures of nanomaterials has been extensively conducted. In this study, we introduce the properties of one‐dimensional nanomaterials, two‐dimensional nanomaterials, and their hybrid nanomaterials. And then, we provide information concerning various flexible electronics based on these nanomaterials.
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Epithelium segmentation and automated Gleason grading of prostate cancer via deep learning in label‐free multiphoton microscopic images
Authors: Yang Qinqin , Xu Zhexin , Liao Chenxi , Cai Jianyong , Huang Ying , Chen Hong , Tao Xuan , Huang Zheng , Chen Jianxin , Dong Jiyang , Zhu Xiaoqin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the current clinical care practice, Gleason grading system is one of the most powerful prognostic predictors for prostate cancer (PCa). The grading system is based on the architectural pattern of cancerous epithelium in histological images. However, the standard procedure of histological examination often involves complicated tissue fixation and staining, which are time‐consuming and may delay the diagnosis and surgery. In this study, label‐free multiphoton microscopy (MPM) was used to acquire subcellular‐resolution images of unstained prostate tissues. Then, a deep learning architecture (U‐net) was introduced for epithelium segmentation of prostate tissues in MPM images. The obtained segmentation results were then merged with the original MPM images to train a classification network (AlexNet) for automated Gleason grading. The developed method achieved an overall pixel accuracy of 92.3% with a mean F1 score of 0.839 for epithelium segmentation. By merging the segmentation results with the MPM images, the accuracy of Gleason grading was improved from 72.42% to 81.13% in hold‐out test set. Our results suggest that MPM in combination with deep learning holds the potential to be used as a fast and powerful clinical tool for PCa diagnosis.
Ameliorative effect of combined low dose of Pioglitazone and omega‐3 on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in diabetic rats
Authors: Hasan Mai M. , El‐Shal Amal S. , Mackawy Amal M. H. , Ibrahim Ebtesam M. , Abdelghany Eman M. M. A. , Saeed Abeer A. , El‐Gendy Jehan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic hyperglycemia is linked to either subfertility or infertility among diabetic males. Pioglitazone is one of the thiazolidinediones (TZDs) drugs that are selective peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR‐γ agonists used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).AimThis study aims to explore the possible effect of low Pioglitazone dose and omega (ω‐3) on rat male reproductive function. Furthermore, we evaluated the add‐on effect of combined use of low Pioglitazone dose of and ω‐3 on reproductive functions in adult male T2DM rats.MethodsFifty adult male rats were included and subdivided into control and four test subgroups. T2DM was induced in test groups and subdivided into non‐treated T2DM, ω‐3 treated, 0.6 mg/kg Pioglitazone treated, and combined treated group (orally by gavage). Following 16 weeks, final body weight, testicular weight, fasting plasma glucose, and serum testosterone levels were measured. Semen analysis, testicular testosterone, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, immunohistochemistry staining for apoptosis marker B‐cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl‐2), proliferation marker as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), estrogen receptor α (ERα), androgen receptor (AR) were determined. Caspase‐3, nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐kB), glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3), 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β‐HSD) PPARγ, and PPARα genes expression were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).ResultsOur findings revealed that treatment with low dose of Pioglitazone or ω‐3 significantly lowered fasting plasma glucose and MDA levels, ameliorated diabetes effects on histological damage, improved antioxidant activity (SOD), significantly improved anti‐apoptosis BCL‐2 and proliferation (PCNA), remarkably elevated ERα, AR, 17β‐HSD PPARγ, and PPARα expression with significant reduction in caspase‐3, NF‐kB genes expression and improved semen quality as well. Combined use of low dose of and ω‐3 has better effects on all measured parameters.ConclusionSmall Pioglitazone dose and ω‐3 possess beneficial effects on spermatogenic and steroidogenic functions in adult diabetic rat; while combined use of both has an add‐on effect.
The new role of riluzole in the treatment of pancreatic cancer through the apoptosis and autophagy pathways
Authors: Sun Rulin , He Xujun , Jiang Xiaoting , Tao Houquan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPancreatic cancer is always diagnosed at an advanced stage. Hence, chemotherapy becomes the best choice for patients. Therefore, new anticancer drugs for pancreatic cancer are needed. Riluzole (RIL) is mainly used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinically, but many previous studies have shown that RIL could inhibit tumors. However, no report has explored the association between RIL and pancreatic cancer. To validate this association, we performed this study. Our data showed that RIL could induce cytotoxicity, block the cell cycle, and inhibit clone formation, apoptosis, and migration in pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that RIL could suppress autophagy. However, more experiments will be needed to validate the reliability of our conclusions. In summary, our data suggest that RIL might provide clues for the development of a treatment for human pancreatic cancer in the future.
Long noncoding RNA KCNQ1OT1 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion in maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma by regulating miR‐204/EphA7 axis
Authors: Sun Yiyuan , Xu Chenjie , Wu Qingwei , Zhang Liuqing , Wang Peihua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs have been demonstrated to contribute to the development and progression of various cancers. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of KCNQ1OT1 in tumorigenesis of maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma (MSSCC) remain unknown. Herein, we found that KCNQ1OT1 expression was markedly upregulated in MSSCC tissues and MSSCC cell line (IMC‐3) by using quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Loss‐of‐function experiments revealed that the deletion of KCNQ1OT1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, we confirmed KCNQ1OT1 could directly interact with miR‐204 by bioinformatic prediction and dual luciferase assay, and miR‐204 inhibitor markedly reversed MSSCC tumor phenotypes induced by shKCNQ1OT1. Finally, we demonstrated that KCNQ1OT1/miR‐204 facilitated MSSCC progression by regulating Eph receptor A7 (EphA7). Taken together, these results revealed a novel regulatory mechanism KCNQ1OT1/miR‐204/EphA7 axis, which could provide a new understanding of MSSCC tumorigenesis and develop potential targets for MSSCC therapy.
A prognostic five long–noncoding RNA signature for patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Zhao Kankan , Wang Mengchuan , Kang Houlong , Wu Aiguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to identify prognostic long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) signature for predicting the prognosis of patients with rectal cancer. LncRNA‐sequencing data and clinicopathological data of patients with rectal cancer were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the least absolute shrinkage, and selection operator analysis and the Kaplan‐Meier curve method were employed to identify prognostic lncRNAs and construct multi‐lncRNA signature. Finally, five lncRNAs (AC079789.1, AC106900.2, AL121987.1, AP004609.1, and LINC02163) were identified to construct a five‐lncRNA signature. According to the five‐lncRNA signature, patients with rectal cancer were divided into a high‐risk group and low‐risk group. Patients with rectal cancer had significantly poorer overall survival in the high‐risk group than in the low‐risk group. We used a time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve to assess the power of the five‐lncRNA signature by calculating the area under the curve (AUC). The AUCs for predicting 3‐year survival and 5‐year survival were 0.742 and 0.935, respectively, which indicated a good performance of the five‐lncRNA signature. The five‐lncRNA signature was independently associated with the prognosis of patients with rectal cancer through using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The biological function of the five lncRNAs was enriched in some cancer‐related biological processes and pathways by performing functional enrichment analysis of their correlated protein‐coding genes. In conclusion, we developed a five‐lncRNA signature as a potential indicator for rectal cancer.
NAMPT, GRN, and SERPINE1 signature as predictor of disease progression and survival in gliomas
Authors: Vachher Meenakshi , Arora Kriti , Burman Archana , Kumar Bhupender 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAdipose tissue is an important source of adipokines involved in anti‐ and pro‐inflammatory effects. Their involvement in certain cancers such as breast and colon cancer is known but in gliomas it remains unexplored till date. The aim of this study was to assess the status of adipokines as prognostic markers of gliomas (low grade gliomas [LGG] and glioblastoma mutiforme [GBM]). Expression status (messenger RNA [mRNA]), overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) was identified using gene expression profiling interactive analysis server. Clinicopathological analysis and correlation between different adipokines was performed using Xena server. Protein expression status was analyzed using tissue sections from the Human Protein Atlas. Out of 11 adipokines studied visfatin (NAMPT), apelin (APLN), granulin (GRN), serpin peptidase inhibitor/plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI‐1) member 1 (SERPINE1), and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in both LGG and GBM. Interleukin 6 (IL6) mRNA was found be significantly upregulated only in GBM. NAMPT, GRN, SERPINE1, and IL6 showed reduced OS as well as worst DFS for patients having higher mRNA expression in LGG. Increased expression of CCL2 showed worst OS in LGG patients while resistin (RETN) and GRN showed the worst OS in GBM patients. Higher expression of RETN, GRN, IL6, SERPINE1, and CCL2 were found to be positively correlated with shorter DFS in GBM. In the clinicopathological analysis, NAMPT, GRN, IL6, SERPINE1, and CCL2 expressions were significantly associated between the neoplasm histological G2 and G3 grades. Furthermore, expression of NAMPT, GRN, tumor necrosis factor, IL6, SERPINE1, and CCL2 were significantly associated with histological type in LGG patients. NAMPT, GRN, SERPINE1, CCL2, and RETN expression were found to be correlated with each other in gliomas. Finally, NAMPT, GRN, and SERPINE1 were also found to be upregulated using immunohistochemistry in a lower grade and high grade gliomas as compared to normal cells. In conclusion, we have identified key adipokines, namely NAMPT, GRN, and SERPINE1 as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers that might be instrumental in the development and progression of gliomas.
Morphogenesis of the ovarian follicular epithelium during initial stages of embryogenesis of the viviparous earwig, Hemimerus talpoides
Authors: Bilinski Szczepan M. , Sekula Malgorzata , Tworzydlo Waclaw 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRepresentatives of the highly specialized earwig family Hemimeridae are epizoic and viviparous. Their embryos develop inside terminal ovarian follicles (termed also embryonic follicles) and rely solely on nutrients transferred from mother tissues. In this report, we present results of ultrastructural and histochemical studies of the initial stage of Hemimerus talpoides development. Our results show that the follicular cells surrounding fully grown oocyte of Hemimerus do not degenerate after initiation of embryogenesis, but transform and gradually form the wall of the incubation chamber in which the embryo develops. We also show that amniotic cells of the early embryo remain in direct contact with transformed follicular cells. In the region of contact, short outgrowths of the amniotic cells associate with irregular surface specializations of the transformed follicular cells. We suggest that extended “postfertilization” activity of hemimerid follicular cells represents an adaptation to viviparity and matrotrophy in this insect lineage.