bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytoaccumulation of heavy metals from municipal solid waste leachate using different grasses under hydroponic condition
Authors: Hassan Malik Muhammad , Haleem Noor , Baig Muhammad Anwar , Jamal Yousuf 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGrasses have been used widely to remediate contaminants present in domestic wastewater, but leachate generated from municipal solid waste that usually contain some concentrations of heavy metals has never been reported to be treated with grasses, especially Rhodes grass. A series of experiments was performed to investigate the contaminant uptake from municipal solid waste leachate by Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) grown in combination with two commonly available grass varieties namely Vetiveria zizanioides (Vetiver grass) and Pennisetum purpureum (Elephant grass). Leachate used for the experiments had high values for chemical oxygen demand (5 g/L), pH (8.5), electrical conductivity (9.0 mS/cm), nitrates (182.1 mg/L), phosphates 6.4 mg/L along with heavy metals i.e. copper, zinc and manganese. Different dilutions of leachate ranging from 0 to 100% were applied in batches and their result showed that collectively all the grasses reduced overall contaminant concentrations. These were reported for chemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity, nitrates, and phosphates reduced up to 67, 94, 94, and 73%, respectively. Metals uptake by grasses also showed a significant decrease in applied dose i.e. zinc (97%), copper (89%), and manganese (89%). Plant analysis showed that all grasses showed preference to heavy metals uptake e.g. Rhodes grass favoured up taking zinc, Elephant grass for copper and Vetiver grass preferred manganese. Overall growth performance of Rhodes grass was better in dilute leachate, whereas in more concentrated leachate, Rhodes grass did not perform better and production of biomass decreased. In Vetiver grass, root and shoot lengths decreased with increasing leachate strength, but the biomass did not change significantly.
Severity assessment in mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride
Authors: Ernst Lisa , Zieglowski Leonie , Schulz Mareike , Moss Michaela , Meyer Marco , Weiskirchen Ralf , Palme Rupert , Hamann Melanie , Talbot Steven R. , Tolba René H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Directive 2010/63 EU requires classifying burden and severity in all procedures using laboratory animals. This study evaluated the severity of liver fibrosis induction by intraperitoneal carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injections in mice. 29 male C57BL/6N mice were treated three times per week for 4 weeks with an intraperitoneal injection (50 µl) of either 0.6 ml/kg body weight CCl4-vehicle solution, germ oil (vehicle-control) or handling only. Severity assessment was performed using serum analysis, behavioral tests (open field test, rotarod, burrowing and nesting behavior), fecal corticosterone metabolite (FCM) measurement, and survival. The most significant group differences were noticed in the second week of treatment when the highest AST (1463 ± 1404 vs. 123.8 ± 93 U/L, p < 0.0001) and nesting values were measured. In addition, respective animals showed lower moving distances (4622 ± 1577 vs. 6157 ± 2060 cm, p < 0.01) and velocity in the Open field, identified as main factors in principal component analysis (PCA). Overall, a 50% survival rate was observed within the treatment group, in which the open field performance was a good tracer parameter for survival. In summary, this study demonstrates the feasibility of assessing severity in mice using behavioral tests and highlight the open field test as a possible threshold parameter for risk assessment of mortality.
2-Methyl-pentanoyl-carnitine (2-MPC): a urine biomarker for patent Ascaris lumbricoides infection
Authors: Lagatie Ole , Verheyen Ann , Van Asten Stijn , Odiere Maurice R. , Djuardi Yenny , Levecke Bruno , Vlaminck Johnny , Mekonnen Zeleke , Dana Daniel , T’Kindt Ruben , Sandra Koen , van Outersterp Rianne , Oomens Jos , Lin Ronghui , Dillen Lieve , Vreeken Rob , Cuyckens Filip , Stuyver Lieven J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInfections with intestinal worms, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, affect hundreds of millions of people in all tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Through large-scale deworming programs, World Health Organization aims to reduce moderate-to-heavy intensity infections below 1%. Current diagnosis and monitoring of these control programs are solely based on the detection of worm eggs in stool. Here we describe how metabolome analysis was used to identify the A. lumbricoides-specific urine biomarker 2-methyl pentanoyl carnitine (2-MPC). This biomarker was found to be 85.7% accurate in determining infection and 90.5% accurate in determining a moderate-to-heavy infection. Our results also demonstrate that there is a correlation between 2-MPC levels in urine and A. lumbricoides DNA detected in stool. Furthermore, the levels of 2-MPC in urine were shown to rapidly and strongly decrease upon administration of a standard treatment (single oral dose of 400 mg albendazole). In an Ascaris suum infection model in pigs, it was found that, although 2-MPC levels were much lower compared to humans, there was a significant association between urinary 2-MPC levels and both worm counts (p = 0.023) and the number of eggs per gram (epg) counts (p < 0.001). This report demonstrates that urinary 2-MPC can be considered an A. lumbricoides-specific biomarker that can be used to monitor infection intensity.
Subitizing, unlike estimation, does not process sets in parallel
Authors: Liu Wei , Zheng Peng , Huang Shaofang , Cicchini Guido Marco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnumeration of very small quantities is a common task that we perform everyday. Much research has highlighted that in these conditions humans display fast, near errorless performance, a phenomenon dubbed subitizing. It has been suggested that this regime has a pivotal role in numerosity perception. Here we asked if this system can process multiple sets of items in parallel. At odds with what happens for moderate numerosities, we found a strong impairment caused already by the introduction of a second group of items marked by a different color. Adding shape as a cue provided no benefit. The only case in which subitizing was possible was when the target and distractor group were held constant through the experimental block. These results show the surprising fact that whilst being rapid and errorless, subitizing does not have the capability to disentangle multiple groups of items and deals only with coarse stimulus statistics.
Extra-mitochondrial mouse frataxin and its implications for mouse models of Friedreich’s ataxia
Authors: Weng Liwei , Laboureur Laurent , Wang Qingqing , Guo Lili , Xu Peining , Gottlieb Leah , Lynch David R. , Mesaros Clementina , Blair Ian A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMature frataxin is essential for the assembly of iron–sulfur cluster proteins including a number of mitochondrial enzymes. Reduced levels of mature frataxin (81-20) in human subjects caused by the genetic disease Friedreich’s ataxia results in decreased mitochondrial function, neurodegeneration, and cardiomyopathy. Numerous studies of mitochondrial dysfunction have been conducted using mouse models of frataxin deficiency. However, mouse frataxin that is reduced in these models, is assumed to be mature frataxin (78-207) by analogy with human mature frataxin (81-210). Using immunoaffinity purification coupled with liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry, we have discovered that mature frataxin in mouse heart (77%), brain (86%), and liver (47%) is predominantly a 129-amino acid truncated mature frataxin (79-207) in which the N-terminal lysine residue has been lost. Mature mouse frataxin (78-207) only contributes 7–15% to the total frataxin protein present in mouse tissues. We have also found that truncated mature frataxin (79-207) is present primarily in the cytosol of mouse liver; whereas, frataxin (78-207) is primarily present in the mitochondria. These findings, which provide support for the role of extra-mitochondrial frataxin in the etiology of Friedreich’s ataxia, also have important implications for studies of mitochondrial dysfunction conducted in mouse models of frataxin deficiency.
Iris and Lens Trauma – Iris Reconstruction
Authors: Lenglinger Matthias , Bertelmann Eckart 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIris and lens injuries entail a large spectrum and occur in closed and open globe injuries. Depending on accompanying ocular trauma (e.g. corneal involvement) as well as on the extend of the injuries several different surgical options are available ranging from suturing techniques to special individualized implants. The aim of this article is to present and discuss current treatment options for lens and iris trauma in regards to typical cases.
Organocatalyzed [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions between Quinone Imine Ketals and Allenoates
Authors: Liu Teng , Huang Chao , Cheng Feixiang , He Chixian , Wang Fan , Shen Xiang , Li Yongqin , Lang Man , Li Guijun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new cycloaddition reaction of quinone imine ketals (QIKs), which could be utilized to the construction of functionalized azaspirocyclics under mild conditions, is described. This transformation involved a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction between QIKs and allenoates catalyzed by DABCO, and then treatment with 1 N HCl in one-pot. The strategy could provide a practical route to access azetidine-fused spirohexadienones in good to excellent yields and with high E-selectivity.
From Furan–Yne Systems to para-Benzoquinone Derivatives: Gold-Catalyzed Cyclization and Oxidation, and Further Reduction by Sodium Dithionate
Authors: Ghanbari Mohammad , Ahmadi Saman 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA series of furan–yne systems were transformed into the corresponding para-benzoquinone derivatives by gold(ΙΙΙ) catalyst. The two-step procedure consisted of a phenol synthesis and subsequent oxidation with iodobenzene diacetate. The reactions can be carried out in a one-pot procedure with the same precatalyst. The para-benzoquinone could simply be converted into the corresponding hydroquinones by reduction with sodium dithionate. This protocol features high efficiency, mild conditions, and wide substrate scopes.
Middle Cranial Fossa Approach: The Incudomalleolar Joint as a Reliable Landmark
Authors: Hashmi Syed Salman , Izquierdo Juan Carlos , Emmett Susan D. , Linder Thomas Edwin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction The middle cranial fossa approach is performed by fewer neurotologists owing to a reduced number of indications. Consistent landmarks are mandatory to guide the surgeon in a narrow field.
Objectives We have evaluated the incus and malleus head and the incudomalleal joint (IMJ) as a key landmark for identifying the superior semicircular canal (SSC) and to get oriented along the floor of the middle cranial fossa.
Methods A combination of 20 temporal bone dissections and CT imaging were utilized to test and describe these landmarks.
Results The blue line of the SSC is consistently identified along the prolongation of a virtual line through the IMJ and the angulation toward the root of zygoma. The mean distance from the zygoma toward the IMJ ranged from 1.60 to 1.90cm. Once the IMJ was identified, the blue line of the SSC was consistently found along the virtual line through the IMJ within 5 to 9mm.
Conclusions The IMJ is a safe and consistent anatomical marker in the surgical approach to the middle cranial fossa floor. Opening the tegmen 1.5 to 2cm medial to the root of the zygoma and identifying the joint allows to trace a virtual line toward the SSC within 5 to 9mm. Knowledge of the close relationship between the direction of the IMJ and the superior canal can be used in all transtemporal approaches, thus orienting the surgeon in a rather narrow field with limited retraction of the dura and brain.
Alternative Inverted Middle Fossa Approach in Bonebridge Surgery. Technique, Results and Complications
Authors: Zernotti Mario E. , Di Gregorio Maria F. , Zernotti Máximo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction The transmastoid approach is the most recommended technique to Bonebridge surgery, while in patients with bad anatomy or in the canal wall down technique, retrosigmoid or Middle Fossa Approaches are the alternative surgical options.
Objective To describe a novel alternative approach called inverted middle fossa approach (IMFA) and its technique and audiological outcomes.
Methods Seven patients submitted to the IMFA were included. All patients presented conductive and mixed hearing loss with bone thresholds of the audiogram > 40 dB. The audiological test was conducted pre- and postoperatively.
Results A total of 5 males and 2 females, aged 13,8 years old (range 6–25 years old) were studied. The average follow-up was of 20 months (12 to 32 months). All patients presented aural atresia, except one with severe osseous-fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone. Two patients showed bilateral compromise, three patients had associated Goldenhar and Treacher Collins syndrome. On the preoperative audiograms, air conduction (AC) thresholds showed a PTA4 (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) of 66.7 dB (standard deviation [SD] =  ± 7.8), while the bone conduction thresholds reached an average of 11.2 dB (SD =  ± 6.9). The postoperative thresholds did not change, and additional sensorineural damage was not observed before activation. Four weeks after surgery, all the patients were fitted with the external processor. The postoperative audiological aided exam showed AC PTA 4 thresholds of 18.9 dB (SD =  ± 5.9).
Conclusion The IMFA allows the nearest position of the microphone to the external auditory canal. The technique is a suitable option to the 3 classical approaches with similar rate of audiological results. More investigation is needed to determine the benefit of the novel approach compared with the others.
Sleep Duration during Pregnancy using an Activity Tracking Device
Authors: Kominiarek Michelle A. , Yeh Chen , Balmert Lauren C. , Facco Francesca , Grobman William , Simon Melissa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to describe sleep duration across gestation in women who wore an activity-tracking device (ATD) during pregnancy, and to study the association between sleep duration and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes
Study Design Women ≥ 18 years old who owned a smartphone were approached to participate in 2016 to 2017. Participants received instructions to wear and sync an ATD daily. Steps, sedentary hours, and sleep duration were wirelessly transmitted via cellular technology. We measured sleep duration for the main episode of sleep and excluded sleep times < 120 minutes. Mixed models were used to assess the trajectory of mean weekly hours of sleep by gestational age. Secondary analyses evaluated differences in pregnancy outcomes between insufficient (< 7/24 hours) and sufficient sleep (≥ 7/24 hours) groups, based on mean hours of sleep within the first 7 days of ATD use.
Results The majority of 94 participants self-reported minority racial–ethnic status (33% non-Hispanic black and 51% Hispanic), had government insurance (83%), were nulliparous (61%), and had pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity (56%). The mean (standard deviation) duration of sleep was 7.2 ± 2.4 hours per 24 hours. In mixed models analyses, gestational age was statistically significantly associated with mean hours of sleep (β = −0.02; 95% confidence interval: −0.04 to −0.01; p < 0.001). Women who had < 7 hours of sleep had greater median daily steps compared with those who had ≥ 7 hours of sleep (median: 7,122; interquartile range [IQR]: 5,167–8,338 vs. median: 5,005; IQR: 4,115–7,059; p < 0.01), but there were no significant differences in other outcomes (sedentary time, gestational weight gain, pregnancy associated hypertension, gestational diabetes, gestational age at delivery, cesarean delivery, or mean birthweight), p  > 0.05 for all comparisons.
Conclusion The mean sleep duration was 7.2 ± 2.4 hours among the 94 women in this cohort and decreased with advancing gestational age. Further research is required to evaluate sleep measurements with ATD in pregnant women and how sleep duration and quality is related to maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Salivary IgA as a Useful Biomarker for Dental Caries in Down Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hamid Hiba , Adanir Necdet , Asiri Faris Yahya Ibrahim , Abid Khadijah , Zafar Muhammad Sohail , Khurshid Zohaib 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to critically analyze and summarize studies reporting association of salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels as a biomarker for dental caries in Down syndrome (DS) patients. Using the keywords salivary [All Fields] AND IgA [All Fields] AND (“down syndrome” [MeSH Terms] OR (“down”[All Fields] AND “syndrome” [All Fields]) OR “down syndrome” [All Fields]), an electronic search was conducted via PubMed and Scopus databases by two authors, H. H. and Z. K. independently. Retrieved studies were screened against the predefined exclusion and inclusion criteria. To estimate the risk of bias, quality assessment of included studies was carried using the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale for observational studies. Primary search resulted in 10 articles from PubMed and 13 articles from Scopus. Ten studies fulfilled the defined selection criteria and evaluated the salivary IgA (sIgA) level in DS patients with dental caries. Five articles were further analyzed in a quantitative synthesis presented in the meta-analysis. Due to a modified lifestyle and compromised oral hygiene in DS patients, understandably, it is still postulated in the literature that the presence of sIgA can have a protective effect on the occurrence of dental caries as compared with healthy counterparts. As indicated by the present meta-analysis, no conclusions can be drawn as to definitively label sIgA as a biomarker for dental caries. Further, well-designed longitudinal clinical studies and translational research are therefore required before the benchmarking of sIgA as a useful biomarker for dental caries in DS patients with preferable molecular insights.
Patient, Caregiver, and Provider Perceptions of Transition Readiness and Therapeutic Alliance during Transition from Pediatric to Adult Care in Epilepsy
Authors: Nurre Emily R. , Smith Aimee W. , Rodriguez Marie G. , Modi Avani C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTransition from pediatric to adult health care is a time of high risk for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with epilepsy. Our aims are to examine patient, caregiver, and provider perceptions of transition readiness and the influence of patient-provider alliance in the context of transition readiness. Our cross-sectional study included 82 AYAs with epilepsy prior to transition. Patients, caregivers, and providers completed questionnaires (e.g., transition readiness and working alliance). Statistical analyses included independent samples and paired t-tests. Participants were 17.3 ± 2.8 years on average, 54% were females, 84% were White (non-Hispanic), and 38% had generalized epilepsy. Caregivers reported significantly higher transition readiness than their AYAs (t (72) = −10.6, p < 0.001). AYAs and providers reported similar alliance scores. Providers who felt patients were ready to transition had higher patient-reported transition readiness and provider-reported alliance scores. These data suggest that patients and providers are well aligned in the transition process, and providers appropriately perceive key areas necessary for transition. Caregivers and patients had discrepant perceptions of transition readiness, highlighting the importance of assessing both unique transition perspectives. Dedicated transition programs are likely to be beneficial in improving transition readiness and increase alignment across patients, caregivers, and providers.
Can digital ecosystems mitigate risks in sea transport operations? Estimating benefits for supply chain stakeholders
Authors: Urciuoli Luca , Hintsa Juha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDecision-making supported by digital ecosystems has been increasingly studied during recent years, especially due to improved technical capabilities to collect, store, and analyze large amounts of data. The literature recognizes that these systems can reduce response time of managers and enhance a cost-efficient recovery of supply chains. However, there is a lack of methodological frameworks to evaluate the benefits of these platforms. In addition, there is still little understanding of the risks in ocean container transport and their implications for supply chains. This paper proposes and applies a mathematical model for evaluating the impacts of digital platforms, with a focus on solutions to mitigate risks in sea transport operations. The model is based on scenarios and decision tree models to evaluate the impacts of a supply chain digital ecosystem on full containers shipped from Asia to Europe implemented by four companies. Results show monetary savings per scenario in the range from €3448 to €79,242. The most significant savings are expected on unplanned transshipments, cargo damage, export inspections, container detention, and container release.
Distinct hypertrophic cardiomyopathy genotypes result in convergent sarcomeric proteoform profiles revealed by top-down proteomics
Authors: Tucholski Trisha , Cai Wenxuan , Gregorich Zachery R. , Bayne Elizabeth F. , Mitchell Stanford D. , McIlwain Sean J. , de Lange Willem J. , Wrobbel Max , Karp Hannah , Hite Zachary , Vikhorev Petr G. , Marston Steven B. , Lal Sean , Li Amy , dos Remedios Cristobal , Kohmoto Takushi , Hermsen Joshua , Ralphe J. Carter , Kamp Timothy J. , Moss Richard L. , Ge Ying 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common genetic heart disease and a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults. HCM has been linked to mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins, but how different mutations can result in a similar clinical phenotype is unknown. Analysis of surgical heart tissue samples from HCM patients with severe outflow track obstruction using high-resolution mass spectrometry–based top-down proteomics revealed a common pattern of altered sarcomeric proteoforms across HCM tissues compared to non-failing donor heart tissues. Our data suggest that common pathways are associated with clinical phenotypes in patients diagnosed with obstructive HCM, opening the door for the development of interventions that target the HCM phenotype rather than the individual sarcomeric gene mutation.
A diachronic perspective on telecinematic language
Authors: Werner Valentin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious corpus-based studies, which have mostly focused on a particular film or series, have identified various key characteristics of telecinematic language. However, a restriction on those results applies as regards the stability of findings across time and across individual productions. To address this gap, and following calls for more nuanced perspectives on telecinematic language as a whole, this study re-assesses a number of claims pertaining to lexical and lexicogrammatical aspects through a diachronic lens. To this end, it uses the Northern American sections of the new Movie and TV Corpora, multi-million word corpora compiled from subtitles of a wide range of film and series genres in the English-speaking world from the 20th and 21st century. Overall, the diachronic view of the data is suggestive of a highly complex nature of telecinematic language, with levels of emotionality and informality increasing over time for most items tested.