bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Insect database in Dokdo, Korea: An updated version includes 22 newly recorded species on the island and one species in Korea
Authors: Ryu Jihun , Kim Young-Kun , Suh Sang Jae , Choi Kwang Shik 
Published: December 2020

Dokdo, an island toward the East Coast of South Korea, comprises 89 small islands. Dokdo is a volcanic island created by a volcanic eruption that promoted the formation of Ulleungdo (located in the East sea), which is ~87.525 km away from Dokdo. Dokdo is an important island because of geopolitics; however, because of certain investigation barriers such as weather and time constraints, the awareness of its insect fauna is less compared to that of Ulleungdo. Dokdo&rsquo;s insect fauna was obtained as 10&nbsp;orders, 74&nbsp;families, and 165 species until 2017; subsequently, from 2018 to 2019, 23 unrecorded species were discovered via an insect survey.
As per a recent study, the database of insect species on Dokdo has been identified as 10 orders, 81 families, 188&nbsp;species, and 23 undetermined species. This database has been registered to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; www.GBIF.org), and is the first record for Dokdo&rsquo;s insect fauna.
Plant diversity in sedimentary DNA obtained from high-latitude (Siberia) and high-elevation lakes (China)
Authors: Stoof-Leichsenring Kathleen , Liu Sisi , Jia Weihan , Li Kai , Pestryakova Luidmila , Mischke Steffen , Cao Xianyong , Liu Xingqi , Ni Jian , Neuhaus Stefan , Herzschuh Ulrike 
Published: December 2020

Plant diversity in the Arctic and at high altitudes strongly depends on and rebounds to climatic and environmental variability and is nowadays tremendously impacted by recent climate warming. Therefore, past changes in plant diversity in the high Arctic and high-altitude regions are used to infer climatic and environmental changes through time and allow future predictions. Sedimentary DNA (sedDNA) is an established proxy for the detection of local plant diversity in lake sediments, but still relationships between environmental conditions and preservation of the plant sedDNA proxy are far from being fully understood. Studying modern relationships between environmental conditions and plant sedDNA will improve our understanding under which conditions sedDNA is well-preserved helping to a.) evaluate suitable localities for sedDNA approaches, b.) provide analogues for preservation conditions and c.) conduct reconstruction of plant diversity and climate change. This study investigates modern plant diversity applying a plant-specific metabarcoding approach on sedimentary DNA of surface sediment samples from 262 lake localities covering a large geographical, climatic and ecological gradient. Latitude ranges between 25°N and 73°N and longitude between 81°E and 161°E, including lowland lakes and elevated lakes up to 5168 m a.s.l. Further, our sampling localities cover a climatic gradient ranging in mean annual temperature between -15°C and +18°C and in mean annual precipitation between 36­ and 935 mm. The localities in Siberia span over a large vegetational gradient including tundra, open woodland and boreal forest. Lake localities in China include alpine meadow, shrub, forest and steppe and also cultivated areas. The assessment of plant diversity in the underlying dataset was conducted by a specific plant metabarcoding approach.
We provide a large dataset of genetic plant diversity retrieved from surface sedimentary DNA from lakes in Siberia and China spanning over a large environmental gradient. Our dataset encompasses sedDNA sequence data of 259 surface lake sediments and three soil samples originating from Siberian and Chinese lakes. We used the established chloroplastidal P6 loop trnL marker for plant diversity assessment. The merged, filtered and assigned dataset includes 15,692,944 read counts resulting in 623 unique plant DNA sequence types which have a 100% match to either the EMBL or to the specific Arctic plant reference database. The underlying dataset includes a taxonomic list of identified plants and results from PCR replicates, as well as extraction blanks (BLANKs) and PCR negative controls (NTCs), which were run along with the investigated lake samples. This collection of plant metabarcoding data from modern lake sediments is still ongoing and additional data will be released in the future.
Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Italian Patients
Authors: Baiardo Redaelli Martina , Landoni Giovanni , Di Napoli Davide , Morselli Federica , Sartorelli Marianna , Sartini Chiara , Ruggeri Annalisa , Salonia Andrea , Dagna Lorenzo , Zangrillo Alberto 
Published: December 2020

Background:
In the first wave of the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infections, Italy experienced a heavy burden of hospital admissions for acute respiratory distress syndromes associated with the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Early evidence suggested that females are less affected than males.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the gender-related differences in presentation and severity among COVID-19 patients admitted to IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective observational study included all patients admitted to the hospital between February 25 and April 19, 2020, with a positive real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for COVID-19. The following data were collected: date of admission, gender, age and details of intensive care unit admission and outcomes.

Results:
A total of 901 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to the hospital and provided consent for the study. Of these, 284 were female (31.5%). The percentage of admitted female patients significantly increased over time (25.9% of all admissions in the first half of the study period vs. 37.1% in the second half; P < 0.001). Females accounted for 14.4% of all COVID-19 intensive care unit admissions. There was no gender-based difference in the overall hospital mortality: 20.1% for females and 19.2% for males (P = 0.8).

Conclusions:
In our hospital, which was in the epicenter of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, female patients were few, presented late and were less critical than male patients.
On a conjecture of Chen and Yui: Resultants and discriminants
Authors: Ye Dongxi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn [5], Chen and Yui conjectured that Gross–Zagier type formulas may also exist for Thompson series. In this work, we verify Chen and Yui’s conjecture for the cases for Thompson series$j_{p}(\tau )$for$\Gamma _{0}(p)$forpprime, and equivalently establish formulas for the prime decomposition of the resultants of two ring class polynomials associated to$j_{p}(\tau )$and imaginary quadratic fields and the prime decomposition of the discriminant of a ring class polynomial associated to$j_{p}(\tau )$and an imaginary quadratic field. Our method for tackling Chen and Yui’s conjecture on resultants can be used to give a different proof to a recent result of Yang and Yin. In addition, as an implication, we verify a conjecture recently raised by Yang, Yin, and Yu.
La jurisprudencia del TEDH en materia de trata de seres humanos y la necesidad de regresar a las categorías jurídicas de esclavitud, servidumbre y trabajo forzado
Authors: Mestre i Mestre Ruth M. 
Published: December 2020

Este repaso a la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de derechos humanos en materia de trata en los últimos quince años señala con preocupación el abandono de las categorías de esclavitud, servidumbre y trabajo forzado y la omnipresencia de la trata; una categoría que deja en situación de desamparo a buena parte de sus víctimas. El artículo se detiene en tres casos paradigmáticos: caso Siliadin v. Francia (2005); Rantsev v. Rusia y Chipre (2010); y S.M v. Croacia (2020). El análisis es crítico con el concepto de trata que utiliza el TEDH en su jurisprudencia e insiste en la necesidad de regresar al derecho internacional de los derechos humanos abandonando la categoría de trata y su uso perverso.
Relationship of natural occlusal plane with different anatomical landmarks
Authors: Mehwish Khan  , Syed Murtaza Raza Kazmi  , Farhan Raza Khan  , Sameer Quraeshi  , Admin  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the parallelism of natural maxillary occlusal plane with inter-pupillary line and ala-tragus line among dentate subjects.
To evaluate anatomic relationship of natural mandibular occlusal plane with retromolar pad among dentate subjects
Methodology: Front and profile photographs of 109 students of Fatima Jinnah Dental College with age ranging from 20 to 28 years were taken while holding the camper’s plane against the maxillary occlusal plane. The study was completed in six months. Photographs were imported in software AutoCAD(2017). An interpupillary line was drawn and angle with Camper’s plane was measured. On both profile pictures, line were drawn from base of the ala to the three different points on tragus (superior, middle and inferior). The angle between ala-tragus line and camper’s plane were measured. Intra-orally, height of the mandibular occlusal plane in relation to the retromolar pad was evaluated using a stainless steel scale. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 23. Student’s paired sample t test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were applied.
Results: Horizontal parallelism of occlusal plane with inter-pupillary line was observed (mean angle 1.17 ±1.27). The angle between the occlusal plane and the inferior ala-tragus line was 4.25 and 4.50 degrees on right and left side, respectively. Intraorally, mandibular occlusal plane coincided with inferior (44%) and middle third (44%) of the retromolar pad.
Conclusions: Inter-pupillary line and retromolar pad area (middle & inferior third) should be used as a guide in determination of plane of occlusion. Continuous...
Contraception as a Risk Factor of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection Among Women Attending Outpatient of Al-Batool Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children-Baqubah-Iraq
Authors: Salman Sawsan Talib 
Published: December 2020

Background:The effects of contraception on Trichomonas vaginalis have important implications for women who suffer from infections associated with disruptions in the vaginal ecology, such as bacterial vaginitis and urinary tract infections.
Objective: To find the association of the common types of contraceptions with the Trichomonasvaginalis infection in women admitted to the Al-BatoolTeaching Hospital for Maternity and Children in Baqubah city.
Type of study: Cross-sectional study
Methods: This study consist of 75 women with contraception use and71 apparently healthy non contraception user women admitted to outpatient in Al-Batool Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children in Baqubah City, Diyala. Iraq during the period from 1st January 2016 till 31th December 2016. After full history and clinical examination, high vaginal swab took from posterior fornix of vagina and general urine examination, all samples were examined by wet mount preparation under the microscope for the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis and gram-stained smears for the presence of Candida albicans, then all results were recorded.
Results:. Minimum age was 18 year and maximum was 47 year, infection rate of Trichomonas vaginalis was 41(45.66%) among contraception user and 6(8.45%) among contraception non- user while Candida albicans was 18(24%) and 1(1.40%) respectively, the highest frequency of infection 23 cases was diagnosed in the age group (29-39 year) among contraception user while 4 cases in age group (18-28) contraception non-user. On the other hand there was no significant correlation between age, parity, duration of marriage and infection and using of contraception. Marginal significant correlation between the type of contraception and infection with Trichomonas vaginalis. While no significant correlation between types of contraception, infection and duration of contraception use.
Conclusion: Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis significantly correlated to use of intrauterine contraceptive device and combined oral contraceptive pills, so great attention should be paid to those women for diagnosis and treatment.
Harmonic Knife New Haemostatic Procedure In Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Al-Ali Thamer T. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Thyroid operation needs very meticulous haemostasis to have minimal morbidity and mortality.
Objectives: Assessment of harmonic knife in open thyroid surgery as anew haemostatic procedure .
Type of the study: Cross-sectional study.
Methods: This study had been conducted at Alkindy teaching hospital in Baghdad city from the 1st of May 2013 to the 1st of January 2017 on 229 goiterous patients who needs thyroidectomy(36 males,193 females),divided in 2 groups according to the haemostatic procedure used during their operations, Group A (15 males,85females)using the usual conventional surgery(pick, tie &cut), Group B (21males,108 females) using harmonic knife as haemostatic procedure and compare the results according to time of surgery, amount of discharge in the drain during the first 24 hours post operatively ,the incidence of recurrent nerve palsy and the remote post operative hypocalcaemia (3months post operation) .
Results: It shows that thyroid surgery (thyroidectomy) by using harmonic knife as haemostatic procedure is shorter in duration [mean67.22 minutes] with less blood loss in the
drain [mean 64.96cc] and less incidence of hypocalcaemia in remote post operative period [3.8%] in comparison to the results of the usual conventional thyroidectomy procedures (mean duration 82.02 minutes, mean blood loss in the drain 111.13cc & incidence of hypocalcaemia is 7%}.
Conclusions: Harmonic knife is very safe & beneficial haemostatic device in thyroid surgery.
Comparative study of anterior knee pain after patelloplasty with and without circumferential denervation in a total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Al-Shamari Ahmed Latteef 
Published: December 2020

Background: The anterior knee pain is an important chief complaint of the patients with knee osteoarthritis due to patellofemoral pathology. The pain receptors denervation can be achieved by circumferential denervation of the patellar area by a process of electrocautery.
Objectives: The aim of current study is to assess the pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by patelloplastywith and without circumferential denervation via electrocautery at a minimum follow up with 1 year separately for each patient.
Type of the study:Cross- sectional study.
Methods: Thirty five patients,with mean age of about (62.8) years, were enrolled in this prospective, hospital based study that was held at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad from October 2012 to November 2016. These patients were divided into 2 groups, first group was composed of 19 patients who have TKA with patellar circumferential denervation by electrocautery with patelloplasty by removing peripheral osteophytes of patella , the second group of 16 patients were undergone TKA without denervation, but only patelloplasty. The second group was considered as the control group. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain pre and post operatively. The patient’s functional ability was assessed by knee society score (KSS) also before and after TKA for both groups and pain killer was given according to patients need.

Results: All of the patients were followed for 12 months period. No drugs were used other than occasional use of pain killers in first month after operation for all patients in group one of study. On VAS scale, significant statistical difference in pre and post-operative scales were noticed between both groups of study. The Knee Society Scale (KSS) was showing a non- significant statistical significance between both study groups before and after TKA. ConclusionA: nterior knee pain can be reduced through the use of patelloplasty with circumferential denervation of patella byelectrocautery, compared with non- denervated procedure. Good clinical outcome was also present.
Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding osteoarthritis management among physicians of primary health care centers; Al-rusafa/ Baghdad/2017
Authors: Tawfeeq Aseel Kareem 
Published: December 2020

Background:-Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and the leading source of physical disability in elderly people. The Prevalence of OA is increasing and will continue to do so as the population gets older. The OA is predominantly managed in primary care centers by primary health care physicians and much can be done to alleviate symptoms from osteoarthritis by combinations of therapeutic options including pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments.
Objectives of study :- To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of Iraqi PHCC physicians in Baghdad, AL-Rusafa, regarding the management of osteoarthritis patient, and it's association with sociodemographic data.
Methods:- A descriptive cross sectional study with some analytic elements has been conducted from the 1st of January to 1st of June 2017, in primary health care centers of six sectors selected randomly from Al Rusafa health directorate; in Baghdad. The data was collected by self-administered questionnaire regarding demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practices of physicians regarding

management of osteoarthritis. Data analysis was done by (frequency, percentage), Chi square test (Fisher exact test). P value less than 0.05 was considered significant .
Results: The total study sample was 204 enrolled physicians, their age ranged from (25-58) years, The correct answers regarding etiology, diagnosis, imaging findings etc. ranged from 64.2-83.3% which reflect good knowledge of physicians regarding OA disease as well as that highly qualified physician showed good knowledge, about half of enrolled physicians showed good attitude and their practices regarding osteoarthritis and its management are good in general.
Conclusion; -The knowledge, attitude and practice regarding osteoarthritis managent among primary health care physicians are good in general.
The outcome of newborn admitted in neonatal care unit, center teaching hospital of pediatric , Baghdad Al-krakh, 2015
Authors: Ibrahim Riyadh Mraweh , Hashem Bushra Jabbar 
Published: December 2020

Background: Neonatal period is a very vulnerable period of life due to many problems, In spite of advances in perinatal and neonatal care still, the mortality rate of neonate high especially in developing country The World Health Organization estimates that globally four million neonatal deaths per year, Developing countries account for around 99% of the neonatal mortality in the world, In Iraq. Neonatal mortality rate about 19 per 1000 live births which represent 56% of child death below 5 years age in 2012. The hospital in the study represents the larger pediatric hospital in Iraq. It contains 400 children's beds and 24 neonatal incubators.
Aims of the study: are to determine the institutional new-born case fatality rate and the cause of death in the neonatal care unit.
Method; The study is cross-section study of the population sample of neonatal care unit of central teaching hospital of pediatric in Baghdad Al-krakh health directorate
Result: Study appear total neonate admission during 2015 was 1977 neonates mortality rate 9% Four main causes of death were Respiratory related condition, Bacterial sepsis, Disorder related to short gestational and low birth weight not relayed to elsewhere classification and congenital malformation 37.5%, 33.3%, 7.1% and 7.1% respectively while the main primary cause of morbidity were Neonatal jaundice, Respiratory related condition, Bacterial sepsis and 37.5%, 35.2%. 14.1% respectively Conclusions: The majority of morbidity and mortality can prevent by appropriate intervention
Reliability of fine needle aspiration biopsy in diagnosis of breast lump
Authors: Abedalrahman Sarab K. 
Published: December 2020

Background: breast cancer is commonest cancer globally and the 1st cancer in Iraq among females, its management and prognosis depend on early diagnosis, the traditional method was excisional biopsy which is expensive and invasive leading to delayed diagnosis, FNAB is cheap nom invasive more acceptable to women, Aim of the study: to test the reliability of FNAB in preoperative diagnosis of breast lump.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study of 204 cases, 102 breast cancer cases and 102 benign breast lesions, taken between Jan. 2017 – Nov. 2017. The sample taken from the breast cancer early detection center in Al-Alwiyaa maternity teaching hospital, during the year 2017
Results: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was found among 82(80.4%) of malignant cases, ILC was 14(13.7%) , fibroadenoma was the most common benign lesions 51(50%), The absolute sensitivity was 96% , specificity 100%, with 4% false negative the accuracy was 98%. The complete sensitivity was 96%, and specificity was 83%, with 4% false negative and 17% false positive cases, the accuracy was 90%,
Conclusion and recommendation: fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is accurate for breast lump diagnosis. With high sensitivity and specificity. FNAB is a good screening method and help in an improvement of treatment planning
Outcome of surgical untethering of tethered cord syndrome in adults due to spina bifida occulta
Authors: Arkawazi Bassam Mahmood Flamerz 
Published: December 2020

Background:. Children with spina bifida occulta require early surgery to prevent neurological deficits. The treatment of patients with a congenitally tethered cord who present in adulthood remains controversial.
Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the outcome obtained in 61 adult patients with congenital TCS and no prior surgical treatment who underwent surgical untethering.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 61 adult patients who underwent surgical untethering for spina bifida occulta at four neurosurgical centers in Baghdad / Iraq between March 2000 and January 2018. Patients who had undergone prior myelomeningocele repair or tethered cord release surgery were excluded.
The most common intraoperative findings were lipomyelomeningocele (41%) and a tight terminal filum (36%). The follow-up duration ranged from 10.8 to 149.5 months (mean 20.9 months). Of the 34 patients with back pain, status improved in 65%, worsened in 3%, remained unchanged in 18%, and improved and later recurred in 15%. Lower-extremity pain improved in 16 patients (53%), remained unchanged in 23%, improved and then recurred in 17%, and worsened in 7%. Lower-extremity weakness improved in 47%, remained unchanged in 47%, and improved and then recurred in 5%. Finally, of the 17 patients with lower-extremity sensory changes,
status improved in 35%, remained unchanged in 35%, and the information on five patients was unavailable. Surgical complications included three wound infections, one cerebrospinal fluid leak, and two pseudomeningoceles requiring surgical revision. One patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis postoperatively and died several days later.
Conclusions: Adult-age presentation of a congenital tethered cord is unusual. Despite a slight increase in postoperative neurological injury in adults, surgery has relatively low risk and offers good potential for neurological improvement or stabilization. As in children, we recommend early surgery in adults with this disorder. The decision to undertake surgery, however, should be modulated by other factors such as a patient’s general medical condition and risk posed by anesthesia.