bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) and change measure for use in early recovery following hip or knee replacement
Authors: Strickland Louise H. , Murray David W. , Pandit Hemant G. , Jenkinson Crispin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Hip and knee replacement are effective procedures for end-stage arthritis that has not responded to medical management. However, until now, there have been no validated, patient-reported tools to measure early recovery in this growing patient population. The process of development and psychometric evaluation of the Oxford Arthroplasty Early Recovery Score (OARS), a 14-item patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) measuring health status, and the Oxford Arthroplasty Early Change Score (OACS) a 14-item measure to assess change during the first 6 weeks following surgery is reported.

Patients and methods
A five-phased, best practice, iterative approach was used. From a literature based starting point, qualitative interviews with orthopaedic healthcare professionals, were then performed ascertaining if and how clinicians would use such a PROM and change measure. Analysis of in-depth patient-interviews in phase one identified important patient-reported factors in early recovery which were used to provide questionnaire themes. In Phase two, candidate items from Phase One interviews were generated and pilot questionnaires developed and tested. Exploratory factor analysis with item reduction and final testing of the questionnaires was performed in phase three. Phase Four involved validation testing.

Results
Qualitative interviews (n = 22) with orthopaedic healthcare professionals, helped determine views of potential users, and guide structure. In Phase One, factors from patient interviews (n = 30) were used to find questionnaire themes and generate items. Pilot questionnaires were developed and tested in Phase Two. Items were refined in the context of cognitive debrief interviews (n = 34) for potential inclusion in the final tools. Final testing of questionnaire properties with item reduction (n = 168) was carried out in phase three. Validation of the OARS and OACS was performed in phase four. Both measures were administered to consecutive patients (n = 155) in an independent cohort. Validity and reliability were assessed. Psychometric testing showed positive results, in terms of internal consistency and sensitivity to change, content validity and relevance to patients and clinicians. In addition, these measures have been found to be acceptable to patients throughout early recovery with validation across the 6 week period.

Conclusions
These brief, easy-to-use tools could be of great use in assessing recovery pathways and interventions in arthroplasty surgery.
Hydrological problems of flash floods and the encroachment of wastewater affecting the urban areas in Greater Cairo, Egypt, using remote sensing and GIS techniques
Authors: Megahed Hanaa A. , El Bastawesy Mohammed A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
This paper discusses the hydrological problems assessment of flash floods and the encroachment of wastewater in selected urban areas of Greater Cairo using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. The integration of hydrogeological and geomorphological analyses with the fieldwork of drainage basins (Wadi Degla) hosting these urban areas endeavors to provide the optimum mitigation measures that can be feasibly taken to achieve sustainability of the urban areas and water resources available.

Results
Landsat 5 and Sentinel-2 satellite images were obtained shortly before and after flash flood events and were downloaded and analyzed to define the active channels, urban interference, storage areas, and the natural depressions response. The quantitative flash flood estimates include total GSMap meteorological data sets, parameters of rainfall depths from remote sensing data, active channel area from satellite images, and storage areas that flooded. In GIS, digital elevation model was used to estimate the hydrographic parameters: flow direction within the catchment, flow accumulation, time zone of the catchment, and estimating of the water volume in the largely inundated depressions.

Conclusions
Based on the results obtained from the study of available satellite images, it has been shown that there are two significant hydrological problems, including the lack of flash flood mitigation measures for urban areas, as the wastewater depressions and sanitary facilities are dotting in the downstream areas.
Nutritional reflection on growth and development among intellectually disabled children
Authors: Al Sayed Marwa Nasr , Mostafa Mohamed Salah , Gebaly Howida Hosny El , Mohamed Rania Samy , Kastandy Magda Ramzy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany studies revealed that there is a strong relationship between neurodevelopmental delay and malnutrition. This clinic-based study aimed to detect nutritional problems and its reflection on growth and mental development through determination of the nutritional profile among disabled children.ResultsThis study showed significant difference in the residential places between the two groups of lower and higher IQ. The birth order is significantly related to level of IQ in children. By applying food analysis, there is significant difference in the elements they get between the two groups of children (of lower and higher IQ). Multiple analysis showed significant relationship between orientation and zinc intake with IQ of children.ConclusionIntellectual disability is more prevalent in rural and popular residential. As the birth order increases, the percentage of lower IQ increases. Dietary profile for intellectually disabled children (of lower IQ) is regarded to be richer with dietary elements and vitamins than that for higher IQ children. According to the multiple analysis, orientation and zinc intake are the most effective variables on the IQ scores.
Rational guidewire use in the coronary chronic total occlusion interventions
Authors: Karabulut Ahmet , Gorgulu Sevket , Kocagoz Tanıl 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Procedures for coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) are still a clinical challenge with relatively lower success rates. Recent advances in the biotechnology and introduction of CTO-dedicated guidewires have increased the procedural success rate of CTO interventions. Herein, we aimed to reveal the clinical and angiographic predictors of the crossability of the initial guidewire choice and rational guidewire usage in CTO interventions. A total of 177 patients with an indication for a coronary CTO procedure were included in this study. The use of 1–3 guidewires and crossing of the CTO lesion with the initial guidewire choice was defined as rational guidewire usage. The CTO lesions were classified according to the Japanese chronic total occlusion registry (J-CTO) and EuroCTO scores for evaluating the difficulty of the procedures. Then, a statistical analysis was performed to assess the initial guidewire choice, crossability, and contributors to rational guidewire usage.

Results
The mean J-CTO score was 1.42 ± 1.16, and the mean EuroCTO score was 1.44 ± 1.18. The success rate of the procedures was 90.4%. The initial guidewire choice crossed the lesion in 44.1% of the cases, in which 1–3 guidewires were used (82.1%). The crossability of the polymeric and moderate stiff tip guidewires was higher (82.1% and 64.1%, respectively), and the Pilot series was the most successful brand (36.2%). Logistic regression analysis confirmed that J-CTO score, procedural technique, guidewire type, and stiffness of the tip were the major predictors of rational guidewire usage.

Conclusion
Our analysis showed that the use of polymeric and moderate stiff tip guidewires, particularly the Pilot brand, were associated with rational guidewire usage in easy and intermediate difficulty CTO cases.
A new RP–HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of perindopril erbumine, indapamide, and amlodipine besylate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Patel Kirtan P. , Chhalotiya Usmangani K. , Kachhiya Hetaben M. , Patel Jay K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Perindopril erbumine is a specific inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, indapamide is the one providing thiazide diuretic effect, and amlodipine besylate is a calcium antagonist which belongs to the dihydropyridines which helps to maintain the pressure of the blood in the patient having arterial hypertension. The literature survey discloses that only one method is available for the estimation of the combination in the quantitative analytical liquid chromatographic method. Moreover to this, the literature review also reveals that HPTLC, UV spectroscopy, and HPLC methods are available for the analysis of either of the two in combination. Hence, our area of interest is to develop and validate the RP-HPLC in order to quantify perindopril erbumine, indapamide, and amlodipine besylate simultaneously in bulk and formulation.

Result
Sensitive and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of indapamide, perindopril erbumine, and amlodipine besylate in bulk and available as triplixam-marketed tablet dosage form which is a combination of these drugs. The Phenomenex C-18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used as a stationary phase, and acetonitrile: methanol: water (30:20:50, v/v/v) was found to be optimized mobile phase which was further adjusted to pH 3.0 by utilizing 1.0% orthophosphoric acid; the flow rate kept was 1 ml/min and experiments were performed using PDA detector. The common detection wavelength for all the three APIs was found to be 215.0 nm. The method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R1). The linearity range for amlodipine besylate was found to be 0.500–9.500 μg/ml; for perindopril erbumine was found to be 0.400–7.600 μg/ml, and for indapamide was found to be 0.125–2.375 μg/ml. The correlation coefficient was found to be more than 0.9975 for all three of them, whereas the mean percentage recovery was found to be 99.52–100.71%, 99.49–100.89%, and 99.90–100.78%, respectively.

Conclusion
The proposed RP-HPLC method is found to be accurate and robust enough to estimate the perindopril erbumine, indapamide, and amlodipine besylate simultaneously in bulk and available tablet dosage form of combination.
Evaluation and Treatment of Amiodarone-Induced Thyroid Disorders
Authors: Ylli Dorina , Wartofsky Leonard , Burman Kenneth D 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic drug containing 37% iodine by weight, with a structure similar to that of thyroid hormones. Deiodination of amiodarone releases large amounts of iodine that can impair thyroid function, causing either hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis in susceptible individuals reflecting ~20% of patients administered the drug. Not only the excess iodine, but also the amiodarone (or its metabolite, desethylamiodarone) itself may cause thyroid dysfunction by direct cytotoxicity on thyroid cells. We present an overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of amiodarone-induced thyroid disorders, with a focus on the various forms of clinical presentation and recommendations for personalized management of each form.
Vitamin D Status in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Hernández José L , Nan Daniel , Fernandez-Ayala Marta , García-Unzueta Mayte , Hernández-Hernández Miguel A , López-Hoyos Marcos , Muñoz-Cacho Pedro , Olmos José M , Gutiérrez-Cuadra Manuel , Ruiz-Cubillán Juan J , Crespo Javier , Martínez-Taboada Víctor M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The role of vitamin D status in COVID-19 patients is a matter of debate.

Objectives
To assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and to analyze the possible influence of vitamin D status on disease severity.

Methods
Retrospective case–control study of 216 COVID-19 patients and 197 population-based controls. Serum 25OHD levels were measured in both groups. The association of serum 25OHD levels with COVID-19 severity (admission to the intensive care unit, requirements for mechanical ventilation, or mortality) was also evaluated.

Results
Of the 216 patients, 19 were on vitamin D supplements and were analyzed separately. In COVID-19 patients, mean ± standard deviation 25OHD levels were 13.8 ± 7.2 ng/mL, compared with 20.9 ± 7.4 ng/mL in controls (P &lt; .0001). 25OHD values were lower in men than in women. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 82.2% of COVID-19 cases and 47.2% of population-based controls (P &lt; .0001). 25OHD inversely correlates with serum ferritin (P = .013) and D-dimer levels (P = .027). Vitamin D-deficient COVID-19 patients had a greater prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, raised serum ferritin and troponin levels, as well as a longer length of hospital stay than those with serum 25OHD levels ≥20 ng/mL. No causal relationship was found between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity as a combined endpoint or as its separate components.

Conclusions
25OHD levels are lower in hospitalized COVID-19 patients than in population-based controls and these patients had a higher prevalence of deficiency. We did not find any relationship between vitamin D concentrations or vitamin deficiency and the severity of the disease.
Radiological Thoracic Vertebral Fractures are Highly Prevalent in COVID-19 and Predict Disease Outcomes
Authors: di Filippo Luigi , Formenti Anna Maria , Doga Mauro , Pedone Erika , Rovere-Querini Patrizia , Giustina Andrea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context and Objective
COVID-19 has become the most relevant medical issue globally. Despite several studies that have investigated clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients, no data have been reported on the prevalence of vertebral fractures (VFs). Since VFs may influence cardiorespiratory function and disease outcomes, the aim of this study was to assess VFs prevalence and clinical impact in COVID-19.

Design and Patients
This was a retrospective cohort study performed at San Raffaele Hospital, a tertiary health care hospital in Italy. We included COVID-19 patients for whom lateral chest x-rays at emergency department were available. VFs were detected using a semiquantitative evaluation of vertebral shape on chest x-rays.

Results
A total of 114 patients were included in this study and thoracic VFs were detected in 41 patients (36%). Patients with VFs were older and more frequently affected by hypertension and coronary artery disease (P &lt; 0.001, P = 0.007, P = 0.034; respectively). Thirty-six (88%) patients in VFs+ group compared to 54 (74%) in VFs− group were hospitalized (P = 0.08). Patients with VFs more frequently required noninvasive mechanical ventilation compared with those without VFs (P = 0.02). Mortality was 22% in VFs+ group and 10% in VFs− group (P = 0.07). In particular, mortality was higher in patients with severe VFs compared with those with moderate and mild VFs (P = 0.04).

Conclusions
VFs may integrate the cardiorespiratory risk of COVID-19 patients, being a useful and easy to measure clinical marker of fragility and poor prognosis. We suggest that morphometric thoracic vertebral evaluation should be performed in all suspected COVID-19 patients undergoing chest x-rays.
Letter to the Editor: “Glucocorticoid Resistance in Premature Adrenarche and PCOS: From Childhood to Adulthood”
Authors: Rosenfield Robert L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The conclusion of Panayiotopoulos et al. that glucocorticoid resistance accounted for 57% to 67% of their premature adrenarche and polycystic ovary syndrome cases cannot be accepted from the data presented. This is because proper validation of their method for determining glucocorticoid sensitivity is not presented. Furthermore, the method seems insensitive to physiologic glucocorticoid concentrations.
Under-dressed: Vests as representations of White, liminal masculinity and the transnational body in Saturday Night Fever and Raging Bull
Authors: Turney Jo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The 1970s is often considered a period in which masculinity was in crisis. This article considers that through cinematic representation and the use of the white cotton vest as a motif of hegemonic and working-class masculinity, masculinity was not in crisis, but in transition. The focus on films Saturday Night Fever and Raging Bull, is used here to exemplify discussions surrounding primarily hetero-normative masculinity, nationhood, tradition and the White working-class male body both dressed and undressed, and how these provide spaces through narrative and mise en scène to discuss notions of flux, change and fluidity that maps and arcs ‘masculinity’ to masculinities. The male body is deconstructed and reconstructed through the vest and becomes public spectacle. The centrality of the vest and its purpose within these (and many other) films during the period, acts as a means of revealing more than just the body of the wearer. In particular, the ethnicity of the protagonist and the repurposing of stereotypes through the vest as motif, underpin the credibility of the narrative and can be understood as a means of simplifying or coding approaches to shifting masculinities.
Between nationalism and consumerism: Devika Rani’s star persona in Indian visual culture
Authors: Raghav Radhika 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The career of 1930s film star Devika Rani (1908–94), often described as ‘the first lady of Indian cinema’, both confirms and challenges the received view that the nationalists’ rewritings of traditional femininity constituted the most significant force in the formation of the continent’s New Woman. Rani’s star persona demonstrates how both modernity and consumer culture, while subjected to nationalist ideology, exercised a degree of influence over the tastes and lifestyles of women living in urban centres such as Bombay and Delhi. As a member of the prominent Tagore family, which included a Nobel Prize-winning poet, and of the kulin caste, Rani enjoyed a privileged status that allowed her to embody a self-defining individual who was specifically ‘feminine and modern’ while also ‘Indian’. Drawing on the wealth of photographic material that this actress left behind, this article teases out the complexities of her trajectory as an emblematic icon of twentieth-century Indian femininity. In particular her use of costuming in her starring roles, in films such as Karma, Achhut Kanya and Nirmala, illustrates how she promoted new modes of autonomy and agency for the female subject.
Dress and Gulf imagery in two Malayalam films: Pathemari and Marubhoomiyile Aana
Authors: Mubashir Musthafa , Haneef M. Shuaib Mohamed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Malayalam films since the 1970s have captured the history of Gulf migration from Kerala, which occurs primarily due to the desperate need of its people for jobs and for money. Predominantly, the discourses of migrants in the films are embedded in various things, including dress from the Gulf, the insignia of opulence that depict the status of the migrants in the public sphere. Using thematic analysis of two Malayalam films, Pathemari and Marubhoomiyile Aana, this study argues that the motif of the Gulf is associated with power and control in the cultural discourse of Kerala. Drawing on the semiotic analysis of Barthes, we contend that the replacement of mundu, a traditional attire of Kerala men, by trousers, is one among several mythical markers of modernity, including perfumes and watches brought from the Gulf. The performativity and materiality of dress in these two films produce imageries of the Gulf by which the wearers, mostly male, accumulate social and symbolic capital and assert dominance in the film’s narration.
Class IA PI3Ks regulate subcellular and functional dynamics of IDO1
Authors: Iacono Alberta , Pompa Andrea , De Marchis Francesca , Panfili Eleonora , Greco Francesco A , Coletti Alice , Orabona Ciriana , Volpi Claudia , Belladonna Maria L , Mondanelli Giada , Albini Elisa , Vacca Carmine , Gargaro Marco , Fallarino Francesca , Bianchi Roberta , De Marcos Lousa Carine , Mazza Emilia MC , Bicciato Silvio , Proietti Elisa , Milano Francesca , Martelli Maria P , Iamandii Ioana M , Graupera Garcia‐Mila Mariona , Llena Sopena Judith , Hawkins Phillip , Suire Sabine , Okkenhaug Klaus , Stark Anne‐Katrien , Grassi Fabio , Bellucci Michele , Puccetti Paolo , Santambrogio Laura , Macchiarulo Antonio , Grohmann Ursula , Pallotta Maria T 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKnowledge of a protein’s spatial dynamics at the subcellular level is key to understanding its function(s), interactions, and associated intracellular events. Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a cytosolic enzyme that controls immune responses via tryptophan metabolism, mainly through its enzymic activity. When phosphorylated, however, IDO1 acts as a signaling molecule in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), thus activating genomic effects, ultimately leading to long‐lasting immunosuppression. Whether the two activities—namely, the catalytic and signaling functions—are spatially segregated has been unclear. We found that, under conditions favoring signaling rather than catabolic events, IDO1 shifts from the cytosol to early endosomes. The event requires interaction with class IA phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3Ks), which become activated, resulting in full expression of the immunoregulatory phenotype in vivo in pDCs as resulting from IDO1‐dependent signaling events. Thus, IDO1’s spatial dynamics meet the needs for short‐acting as well as durable mechanisms of immune suppression, both under acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. These data expand the theoretical basis for an IDO1‐centered therapy in inflammation and autoimmunity.
Framing Frederick Douglass
Authors: Ernest J. Quarles  
Published: November 2020

In this era of “My Brother’s Keeper,” we have been blinded from fully recognizing the Black woman’s race-, gender-, and class-based persecution and oppression. This daunting reality, though, has existed since 1619. She has lived through the dehumanizing experience of slavery and the unfulfilled promises of Reconstruction, lynching, Jim Crow, and segregation, and today she often finds herself left out or at the margins of our concern with regard to her humanity. Even during the life of the great Frederick Douglass, who spoke out against America’s torturous evils, the Black woman was unchampioned. She was never offered a pedestal to speak, yet she spoke boldly nonetheless. America wanted her to be the footstool for white society, but she vehemently refused. Anna Douglass, Harriet Tubman, Rosetta Douglass, Anna Julia Cooper, Ida B. Wells, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, and others were the thought leaders who shaped and defined the truest sense of humanity and morality for nineteenth- and twentieth-century America. They are the talented tenth who saved Black America and, in so doing, the heart and soul of our nation.