bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Efficiency of Software-Based Speech Recognition Versus Traditional Telephone Transcription in an Outpatient Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Practice
Authors: Minerbi Amir , Besemann Markus , Kari Tom , Gentile Christina , Gupta Gaurav 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Speech recognition (SR) uses computerized word recognition software that automatically transcribes spoken words to written text. Some studies indicate that SR may improve efficiency of electronic charting as well as associated cost and turnaround time1,2, but it remains unclear in the literature whether SR is superior to traditional transcription (TT). This study compared the impact of report generation efficiency of SR to TT at the Canadian Armed Forces Health Services Centre.

Materials and Methods
Dragon Medical Dictation™ SR software and traditional telephone dictation TT were used for two prespecified clinical days per week. In order to adjust for note length, total transcription efficacy was calculated as follows: word count/[dictation time + correction time]. The means and standard deviations were then separately calculated for TT visits and for SR visits. Differences in transcription efficacy and in visit measures, including patient demographics, visit duration, number of issues raised during the visit, and interventions performed, were compared using ANOVA, with the significance level set to 0.05.

Results
A total of 340 consecutive visits were analyzed; 198 were dictated over the phone using TT and 142 were transcribed using SR software. Dictation efficacy was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.0001) for TT as compared to SR, while turnaround times were shorter for SR (0.12 versus 4.75 days).

Conclusions
In light of these results, the Canadian Forces Health Services Centre in Ottawa has returned to use of TT because the relative inefficiency of report generation was deemed to have a greater impact on clinical care when compared to slower dictation turnaround time.
Magnetic fields in the formation of the first stars – I. Theory versus simulation
Authors: McKee Christopher F , Stacy Athena , Li Pak Shing 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
While magnetic fields are important in contemporary star formation, their role in primordial star formation is unknown. Magnetic fields of the order of 10−16 G are produced by the Biermann battery due to the curved shocks and turbulence associated with the infall of gas into the dark matter minihaloes that are the sites of formation of the first stars. These fields are rapidly amplified by a small-scale dynamo until they saturate at or near equipartition with the turbulence in the central region of the gas. Analytical results are given for the outcome of the dynamo, including the effect of compression in the collapsing gas. The mass-to-flux ratio in this gas is two to three times the critical value, comparable to that in contemporary star formation. Predictions of the outcomes of simulations using smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and grid-based adaptive mesh refinement are given. Because the numerical viscosity and resistivity for the standard resolution of 64 cells per Jeans length are several orders of magnitude greater than the physical values, dynamically significant magnetic fields affect a much smaller fraction of the mass in simulations than in reality. An appendix gives an analytical treatment of free-fall collapse, including that in a constant-density background. Another appendix presents a new method of estimating the numerical viscosity; results are given for both SPH and grid-based codes.
Changing look active galactic nuclei in the MaNGA survey
Authors: Hon Wei Jeat , Webster Rachel , Wolf Christian 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Changing look active galactic nuclei (CLAGNs) are rare cases of AGNs, where the continuum flux increases/decreases and the broad emission lines appear/disappear within short time-scales. These extreme changes challenge our understanding of accretion disc dynamics. We present a sample of four new CLAGNs at 0.026 &lt; z &lt; 0.107, which were found by cross-matching the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey with AGNs from the SDSS spectroscopic data base. Our results show that the selection criteria of $\gt \mathopen |0.5\mathclose |$ mag change in SDSS-g band is ineffective at lower redshifts. This is, in part, due to the fact that the g band is probing a different part of the AGNs spectral energy distribution at these redshifts. The bigger issue is that the galaxy continuum dominates the spectrum and thus overwhelms any variation of the AGNs continuum that might contribute to photometric variations. This suggests the need to use different methods for future low-redshift CLAGNs searches.
Modal noise mitigation for high-precision spectroscopy using a photonic reformatter
Authors: Pike F A , Benoît A , MacLachlan D G , Harris R J , Gris-Sánchez I , Lee D , Birks T A , Thomson R R 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Recently, we demonstrated how an astrophotonic light reformatting device, based on a multicore fibre photonic lantern and a 3D waveguide component, can be used to efficiently reformat the point spread function of a telescope to a diffraction-limited pseudo-slit. Here, we demonstrate how such a device can also efficiently mitigate modal noise – a potential source of instability in high-resolution multimode fibre-fed spectrographs. To investigate the modal noise performance of the photonic reformatter, we have used it to feed light into a bench-top near-infrared spectrograph (R ≈ 7000, λ ≈ 1550 nm). One approach to quantifying the modal noise involved the use of broad-band excitation light and a statistical analysis of how the overall measured spectrum was affected by variations in the input coupling conditions. This approach indicated that the photonic reformatter could reduce modal noise by a factor of 6 when compared to a multimode fibre with a similar number of guided modes. Another approach to quantifying the modal noise involved the use of multiple spectrally narrow lines, and an analysis of how the measured barycentres of these lines were affected by variations in the input coupling. Using this approach, the photonic reformatter was observed to suppress modal noise to the level necessary to obtain spectra with stability close to that observed when using a single mode fibre feed. These results demonstrate the potential of using photonic reformatters to enable efficient multimode spectrographs that operate at the diffraction-limit and are free of modal noise, with potential applications including radial velocity measurements of M-dwarfs.
Strong lensing as a giant telescope to localize the host galaxy of gravitational wave event
Authors: Yu Hai , Zhang Pengjie , Wang Fa-Yin 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Standard siren cosmology of gravitational wave (GW) merger events relies on the identification of host galaxies and their redshifts. But this can be highly challenging due to numerous candidates of galaxies in the GW localization area. We point out that the number of candidates can be reduced by orders of magnitude for strongly lensed GW events, due to extra observational constraints. For the next-generation GW detectors like Einstein Telescope (ET), we estimate that this number is usually significantly less than one, as long as the GW localization uncertainty is better than $\sim 10\, \rm deg^2$. This implies that the unique identification of the host galaxy of lensed GW event detected by ET and Cosmic Explorer (CE) is possible. This provides us a promising opportunity to measure the redshift of the GW event and facilitate the standard siren cosmology. We also discuss its potential applications in understanding the evolution process and environment of the GW event.
Ultraviolet and X-ray properties of Coma’s ultra-diffuse galaxies
Authors: Lee Chris H , Hodges-Kluck Edmund , Gallo Elena 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Many ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) have been discovered in the Coma cluster, and there is evidence that some, notably Dragonfly 44, have Milky Way-like dynamical masses despite dwarf-like stellar masses. We used X-ray, ultraviolet (UV), and optical data to investigate the star formation and nuclear activity in the Coma UDGs, and we obtained deep UV and X-ray data (Swift and XMM–Newton) for Dragonfly 44 to search for low-level star formation, hot circumgalactic gas, and the integrated emission from X-ray binaries. Among the Coma UDGs, we find UV luminosities consistent with quiescence but NUV − r colours indicating star formation in the past Gyr. This indicates that the UDGs were recently quenched. The r-band luminosity declines with projected distance from the Coma core. The Dragonfly 44 UV luminosity is also consistent with quiescence, with SFR$\lt 6\times 10^{-4} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ yr−1, and no X-rays are detected down to a sensitivity of 1038 erg s−1. This rules out a hot corona with a $M \gt 10^8 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ within the virial radius, which would normally be expected for a dynamically massive galaxy. The absence of bright, low-mass X-ray binaries is consistent with the expectation from the Galaxy total stellar mass, but it is unlikely if most low-mass X-ray binaries form in globular clusters, as Dragonfly 44 has a very large population. Based on the UV and X-ray analysis, the Coma UDGs are consistent with quenched dwarf galaxies, although we cannot rule out a dynamically massive population.
Constraining primordial black hole fraction at the galactic centre using radio observational data
Authors: Chan Man Ho , Lee Chak Man 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent gamma-ray and cosmic-ray observations have put strong constraints on the amount of primordial black holes (PBHs) in our universe. In this paper, we use the archival radio data of the inner Galactic Centre to constrain the PBH to dark matter ratio for three different PBH mass distributions including monochromatic, lognormal, and power law. We show that the amount of PBHs only constitutes a very minor component of dark matter at the Galactic Centre for a large parameter space.
Multi-wavelength, spatially resolved modelling of HD 48682’s debris disc
Authors: Hengst S , Marshall J P , Horner J , Marsden S C 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Asteroids and comets (planetesimals) are created in gas- and dust-rich protoplanetary discs. The presence of these planetesimals around main-sequence stars is usually inferred from the detection of excess continuum emission at infrared wavelengths from dust grains produced by destructive processes within these discs. Modelling of the disc structure and dust grain properties for those discs is often hindered by the absence of any meaningful constraint on the location and spatial extent of the disc. Multi-wavelength, spatially resolved imaging is thus invaluable in refining the interpretation of these systems. Observations of HD 48682 at far-infrared (Spitzer, Herschel) and sub-millimetre (JCMT, SMA) wavelengths indicated the presence of an extended, cold debris disc with a blackbody temperature of 57.9 ± 0.7 K. Here, we combined these data to perform a comprehensive study of the disc architecture and its implications for the dust grain properties. The deconvolved images revealed a cold debris belt, verified by combining a 3D radiative transfer dust continuum model with image analysis to replicate the structure using a single, axisymmetric annulus. A Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis calculated the maximum likelihood of HD48682’s disc radius ($R_{\rm disc} = 89^{+17}_{-20}~$ au), fractional width ($\Delta R_{\rm disc} = 0.41^{+0.27}_{-0.20}$), position angle ($\theta = 66{_{.}^{\circ}} 3^{+4.5}_{-4.9}$), and inclination ($\phi = 112{_{.}^{\circ}} 5^{+4.2}_{-4.2}$). HD 48682 has been revealed to host a collisionally active, broad disc whose emission is dominated by small dust grains, smin ∼ 0.6 μm, and a size distribution exponent of 3.60 ± 0.02.
The large-scale magnetic field of the eccentric pre-main-sequence binary system V1878 Ori
Authors: Lavail A , Kochukhov O , Hussain G A J , Argiroffi C , Alecian E , Morin J ,   the BinaMIcS collaboration
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We report time-resolved, high-resolution optical spectropolarimetric observations of the young double-lined spectroscopic binary V1878 Ori. Our observations were collected with the ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope through the BinaMIcS large programme. V1878 Ori A and B are partially convective intermediate mass weak-line T Tauri stars on an eccentric and asynchronous orbit. We also acquired X-ray observations at periastron and outside periastron. Using the least-squares deconvolution technique (LSD) to combine information from many spectral lines, we clearly detected circular polarization signals in both components throughout the orbit. We refined the orbital solution for the system and obtained disentangled spectra for the primary and secondary components. The disentangled spectra were then employed to determine atmospheric parameters of the two components using spectrum synthesis. Applying our Zeeman Doppler imaging code to composite Stokes IV LSD profiles, we reconstructed brightness maps and the global magnetic field topologies of the two components. We find that V1878 Ori A and B have strikingly different global magnetic field topologies and mean field strengths. The global magnetic field of the primary is predominantly poloidal and non-axisymmetric (with a mean field strength of 180 G). While the secondary has a mostly toroidal and axisymmetric global field (mean strength of 310 G). These findings confirm that stars with very similar parameters can exhibit radically different global magnetic field characteristics. The analysis of the X-ray data shows no sign of enhanced activity at periastron, suggesting the lack of strong magnetospheric interaction at this epoch.
Mental health and social support among public safety personnel
Authors: Vig K D , Mason J E , Carleton R N , Asmundson G J G , Anderson G S , Groll D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Social support may be a protective factor for the mental health of public safety personnel (PSP), who are frequently exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events and report substantial post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms. Research examining perceived social support and its association with PTSD and MDD in different PSP categories (e.g. firefighters, paramedics) is limited.

Aims
To examine differences in perceived social support across PSP and determine whether perceived social support is associated with differences in rates of MDD and PTSD.

Methods
We asked Canadian PSP, including correctional workers and officers, public safety communications officials, firefighters, paramedics, municipal and provincial police officers, and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers, to complete an online anonymous survey that assessed socio-demographic information (e.g. occupation, sex, marital status, service years), social supports and symptoms of mental disorders, including PTSD and MDD. Analyses included ANOVA and logistic regression models.

Results
Perceived social support differed by PSP occupation. RCMP officers reported lower social support than all other PSP except paramedics. For most PSP categories, PSP who reported greater social support were less likely to screen positive for PTSD (adjusted odds ratios [AORs]: 0.90–0.93). Across all PSP categories, greater perceived social support was associated with a decreased likelihood of screening positive for MDD (AORs: 0.85–0.91).

Conclusions
Perceived social support differs across some PSP categories and predicts PTSD and MDD diagnostic status. Studies involving diagnostic clinical interviews, longitudinal designs and social support interventions are needed to replicate and extend our results.
Long-Term Improvement of Parkinson Disease Motor Symptoms Derived From Lesions of Prelemniscal Fiber Tract Components
Authors: García-Gomar Maria Guadalupe , Concha Luis , Soto-Abraham Julian , Tournier Jacques D , Aguado-Carrillo Gustavo , Velasco-Campos Francisco 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Prelemniscal radiations (Raprl) are composed of different fiber tracts, connecting the brain stem and cerebellum with basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. In Parkinson disease (PD), lesions in Raprl induce improvement of tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia in some patients, while others show improvement of only 1 or 2 symptoms, suggesting different fiber tracts mediate different symptoms.

OBJECTIVE
To search for correlations between improvements of specific symptoms with surgical lesions of specific fiber tract components of Raprl in patients with PD.

METHODS
A total of 10 patients were treated with unilateral radiofrequency lesions directed to Raprl. The improvement for tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, posture, and gait was evaluated at 24 to 33 mo after operation through the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score, and the precise location and extension of lesions through structural magnetic resonance imaging and probabilistic tractography at 6 to 8 mo postsurgery. Correlation between percentage of fiber tract involvement and percentage of UPDRS-III score improvement was evaluated through Spearman's correlation coefficient.

RESULTS
Group average improvement was 86% for tremor, 62% for rigidity, 56% for bradykinesia, and 45% for gait and posture. Improvement in global UPDRS score correlated with extent of lesions in fibers connecting with contralateral cerebellar cortex and improvement of posture and gait with fibers connecting with contralateral deep cerebellar nuclei. Lesion of fibers connecting the globus pallidum with pedunculopontine nucleus induced improvement of gait and posture over other symptoms.

CONCLUSION
Partial lesion of Raprl fibers resulted in symptom improvement at 2-yr follow-up. Lesions of selective fiber components may result in selective improvement of specific symptoms.
The Clinical Utility of a Brief Psychological Stress Measure (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) in Youth with Chronic Pain
Authors: Nelson Sarah , Burns Maureen , Logan Deirdre 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo preliminarily examine the psychometric properties (i.e., internal consistency reliability, construct validity) and clinical utility of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) psychological stress experiences scale in a sample of youth with chronic pain.MethodsParticipant data were gathered from an institutional review board (IRB) approved clinical data registry. One hundred sixty-eight children and adolescents (age: mean = 14.97, SD = 2.78) with chronic pain presenting to a tertiary pain treatment clinic were included in the data set. Internal consistency estimates (i.e., Cronbach’s alpha), bivariate correlations, and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to preliminarily examine reliability and validity. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between PROMIS psychological stress and pain-related and psychosocial outcomes.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis and correlational results indicated that the PROMIS psychological stress experiences scale shows promising reliability and validity in the current sample of youth with chronic pain. Additionally, the results indicated that almost 50% of youth with chronic pain report “high” or “very high” stress (T ≥ 60) and significantly higher rates of stress when compared with national validation samples (P &lt; 0.001). The results also indicated that the PROMIS psychological stress experiences scale was significantly associated with both pain-related and psychosocial outcomes (all P &lt;0.01).ConclusionsThe PROMIS psychological stress experiences scale shows promising psychometric properties in youth with pediatric pain and may be useful in assessing for psychological impairment. Future research should further examine the use of this brief measure to assess psychological stress in medical clinics as a way to enhance intervention and prevention efforts in these youth.
Which factors predict discordance between a patient and physician on a gout flare?
Authors: Jagpal Aprajita , Rahn Elizabeth J , Mudano Amy S , Dalbeth Nicola , Taylor William , Saag Kenneth G , Singh Jasvinder A , Cavagna Lorenzo , Uhlig Till , Perez-Ruiz Fernando , McCarthy Geraldine , Gerritsen Martijn , Stamp Lisa , Vazquez Mellado Janitzia , Lin Chingtsai , Vargas- Santos Ana Beatriz , Louthrenoo Worawit , Neogi Tuhina , Chen Yi-Hsing , Castelar-Pinheiro Geraldo da Rocha , Gaffo Angelo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the factors associated with discordance between patient and physician on the presence of a gout flare.

Methods
Patients’ self-reports of current gout flares were assessed with the question, ‘Are you having a gout flare today?’ which was then compared with a concurrent, blinded, physician’s assessment. Based on agreement or disagreement with physicians on the presence of a gout flare, flares were divided into concordant and discordant groups, respectively. Within the discordant group, two subgroups—patient-reported flare but the physician disagreed and physician-reported flare but the patient disagreed—were identified. The factors associated with discordance were analysed with multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
Of 268 gout flares, 81 (30.2%) flares were discordant, with either patient or physician disagreeing on the presence of a flare. Of the discordant flares, in 57 (70.4%) the patient reported a flare but the physician disagreed. In multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for demographics, disagreement among patients and physicians on the presence of a gout flare was associated with lower pain scores at rest [odds ratio (OR) for each point increase on 0–10 point pain scale 0.81 (95% Wald CI 0.73, 0.90), P &lt; 0.0001] and less presence of joint swelling [OR 0.24 (95% CI 0.10, 0.61), P = 0.003] or joint warmth [OR 0.39 (95% CI 0.20, 0.75), P = 0.005].

Conclusion
Although patients and physicians generally agree about the presence of gout flare, discordance may occur in the setting of low pain scores and in the absence of swollen or warm joints.
1-1THE EFFECT OF SIMVASTATIN FOR CAROTID INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS IN ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENT WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: Kurnianto Aditya , Tugasworo Dodik 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Acute ischemic stroke is caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebral artery. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) may be measured by ultrasound, where the distance between a double-line reflex pattern representing the luminal-intimal and the medial-adventitial interfaces corresponds well with IMT measured in histological specimens. Patients with hypertension tend to develop a thickening of the intima-media carotid artery. Simvastatin inhibits further atherothrombotic process.

Objective:
To analyze the effect of simvastatin for CIMT in ischemic stroke patient with hypertension.

Method:
This study was a Randomized Pretest-Posttest Design and conducted at the Hospital Inpatient Ward Dr Kariadi Semarang from January to December 2018 for all first ischemic stroke patients with hypertension treatment in Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang. Subjects were divided into groups of 35 controls, and 38 patients treated groups. The treatment group were given simvastatin 20 mg each daily for 24 weeks in 38 subjects with a history of acute ischemic stroke and hypertension. Examine the CIMT at the 1st week and 24th week. The normality of the data was tested using Shapiro Wilk and the differences analyzed by using Paired t-test.

Result:
There was a significant difference between CIMT on the administration of simvastatin for ischemic stroke patients with hypertension (p = 0,04).

Conclusion:
Simvastatin significantly decreases CIMT on ischemic stroke patients with hypertension.