bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post Dakwah di Era Cyber Culture
Authors: Nuha Achmad Arifulin , Masyhuri Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

The development of technology has a big influence in all aspects of life, including in da'wah. Preachers face the challenges in the era of cyber culture, where information flow and cultural development are connected with the digital space. This article discusses the relationship between da'wah and cyber culture. Accompanied by any challenges that must be faced by preachers, as well as how the right strategy to convey Islamic teachings in the current era. In another section, also stated what is called the Post Da'wah. This concept refers to the facts that have happened lately. Da'wah which initially has values ​​of the sacredity of values ​​that upholds a truth of the state is then distorted by profane values. In fact, the new technology also supports pseudo reality in da'wah. Then, da’wah becomes a tool of manipulation in order to achieve economic benefits, bodily sexism, which is displayed through symbolic visualization. Da'wah is trapped in the world of imagery. Not only that propaganda, later became a political propaganda tool to seize power and maintain power. Interest takes precedence without regard to reason. These facts are referred to as Post Da'wah.
Keywords: Da'wah, Cyber, Culture, Strategy, Technology
Simbolisasi Dakwah HTI pada Al-Ra>yah dan Al-Liwa (Analilis Semiologi Roland Barthes)
Authors: Sholeh Muhyiddin , Farid Achmad 
Published: October 2020

This paper will focus on reading al-ra>yah and al-liwa> signs. In its history, the tugging of al-ra>yah and al-liwa> claims as a symbol of the legal identity of the Messenger of Allah has always been a contentious reality. Clearly occupying al-ra> yah and al-liwa> as historical reality and as a result of reading history for later adoption in certain ideologies is very important. The reading of signs in the form of text and visual images to find out the meaning of the construction of al-ra>yah and al-liwa> will offer problem solving for the problems of the people who are being loved by symbolic trends in religious life. Qualitative research with the semiology approach of Roland Barthes with denotative, connotative and mythical systematics. The results of this study provide an overview of the different variations on the reading of the signs that exist in al-ra> yah and al-liwa both as texts and religious symbols.
Keywords: al-ra>yah and al-liwa>, symbol, semiotics
Nusantara Syariah Economy (Construction of Economic Cooperation between the Indonesian Muslim Community)
Authors: Mashum AM Hafidz , Marlina Marlina , Marlina Marlina , Marlina Marlina , Marlina Marlina 
Published: October 2020

In the modern market or what is usually known as retail chains, most goods are sold with non-rounded price which creates price differences that cannot be translated into any physical value of printed money. The accumulated price differences are usually donated into charities which are managed by certain companies. However, it makes people worried about any indications of management overlap between charity donations and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) due to the intransparency of datas in terms of their financial managements.Not to mention, the unfair distribution of the donation money only resulted into donation receipients that are very centralized in some areas. Therefore, using conceptual research method with qualitative datas and strong references we try to observe this problem so that this uneasiness of the society about any overlap of CSR distribution and the charity money from consumers can be put into rest.
Optimizing the Mawah Concept for the Economy of the Aceh Community
Authors: Mukhtasar Mukhtasar , Syahputra Angga 
Published: October 2020

Islam and Aceh are inseparable like two sides of a coin. The Serambi Makkah Country in daily activities of its people is closely related to Islamic sharia, including muamalah activities. Long before the existence of Islamic financial institutions in Indonesia, the people of Aceh had implemented cooperation in the field of muamalah as well as the mudharabah concept in Islamic financial institutions, known as mawah. Mawah is a concept of cooperation between capital owners and managers with a profit sharing system. But the concept of mawah is still limited to cooperation in agriculture and animal husbandry, so it is necessary to develop efforts in other spheres to be able to sustain the economy of the people of Aceh, as Denmark successfully developed this concept. This study uses qualitative methods by conducting research on natural object conditions, and is supported by a literature review. The results of the study revealed the need for government intervention in developing this concept in order to be optimal in developing the economy of the people of Aceh.
Maximum $k$-Sum $\mathbf{n}$-Free Sets of the 2-Dimensional Integer Lattice
Authors: Choi Ilkyoo , Kim Ringi , Park Boram 
Published: October 2020

For a positive integer $n$, let $[n]$ denote $\{1, \ldots, n\}$. For a 2-dimensional integer lattice point $\mathbf{b}$ and positive integers $k\geq 2$ and $n$, a $k$-sum $\mathbf{b}$-free set of $[n]\times [n]$ is a subset $S$ of $[n]\times [n]$ such that there are no elements $\mathbf{a}_1, \ldots, \mathbf{a}_k$ in $S$ satisfying $\mathbf{a}_1+\cdots+\mathbf{a}_k =\mathbf{b}$. For a 2-dimensional integer lattice point $\mathbf{b}$ and positive integers $k\geq 2$ and $n$, we determine the maximum density of a $k$-sum $\mathbf{b}$-free set of $[n]\times [n]$. This is the first investigation of the non-homogeneous sum-free set problem in higher dimensions.
Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion as Tools to Enhance Small Scale Businesses’ Performance in Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Sajuyigbe Dr. Ademola Samuel , Odetayo Tajudeen A. , Adeyemi Adewumi Z. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The study sought to examine the impact of financial literacy and financial inclusion on small businesses’ overall performance with special reference to Southwest Nigeria.
Methods: Descriptive survey research sketch was adopted for this study, while the purposive sampling method was employed to choose forty small scale businesses registered with SMEDAN from each state capital of South Western of Nigeria that engaged in petty trading, bakeries, block-making, soup-making, tailoring, and agro-allied, totaling 240 participants as a sample size for the study. Data were collected by using a closed-ended questionnaire designed for the study, while simple percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC), and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) was used to analyze the data.
Results: The findings disclose that financial literacy and financial inclusion jointly and independently affect small businesses’ performance. It revealed a positive and significant relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion. However, the study depicts that majority of business operators did not have financial knowledge such as working capital management, accounting records system, financial reporting, cashbook maintenance, income statement, daily cash reconciliation, internal control on cash, and cash budget. Also, the study confirmed that the majority of small business entrepreneurs are financially excluded from micro-financing, emergency loans, employ purchase financing, business bank loans, and micro-insurance plan Services.
Implications: The implication of this study is that if the Central Bank of Nigeria partnership with other professional organizations to promote financial literacy and inclusion programs to all business entrepreneurs across the nation, it will motivate more business entrepreneurs in Nigeria to have access to finance.
Thesium longiperianthium (Santalaceae), a new replacement name for T. brevibracteatum P.C.Tam
Authors: Xu Xue Hong , Li Wenjun , Shomurodov Khabibullo F , Abduraimov Ozodbek , Niu Shukui 
Published: October 2020

Thesium brevibracteatum&nbsp;P.C.Tam was described based on the specimen Chiu L.C. 5128 collected from Inner Mongolia, China. The name&nbsp;Thesium brevibracteatum&nbsp;G.P.Sumnevich is validly published and described on the type (Korotkova E.E. et Titov V.S. 1502) collected from Uzbekistan.&nbsp;T. brevibracteatum&nbsp;P.C.Tam is a later homonym of T. brevibracteatum G.P.Sumnevich.
We&nbsp;propose&nbsp;T. longiperianthium as the new name&nbsp;for&nbsp;T. brevibracteatum&nbsp;P.C.Tam.
Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis
Authors: Becheva Maria , Taneva Daniela 
Published: October 2020

Osteoporosis is a generalized bone disease characterized by diminished bone strength with an increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is a major health concern, both because of the risk of potentially serious fractures and because its prevalence is increasing as the population ages.
The treatment of the disease is complex and includes adherence to a particular diet, medications (hormone replacement therapy, calcium, vitamin D, etc.), kinesitherapy, physiotherapy and orthotics.
To reduce osteoporosis, it is necessary to avoid the risk of fractures, to do regular physical activities, to eat bone-healthy foods, to lead a proper lifestyle with the avoidance of negative habits and to maintain a healthy weight. A person also needs to have knowledge of personal risk factors and to consult a doctor if medical treatment is to be applied. The classic therapeutic approach is with antiresorptive anti-osteoporosis agents. A promising therapeutic trend is the study of compounds with low toxicity and potential properties to influence the pathogenetic mechanisms of disease and oxidative stress, such as phytoestrogens and hormone replacement therapy, at the same time.
The aim of the article is to familiarize the audience with the preventive measures and therapies applied to the treatment of osteoporosis.
How interconnected are the Regions in Belgium?
Authors: Duprez Cédric , Nautet Maud 
Published: October 2020

Quels sont les obstacles à la mobilité des travailleurs, des capitaux, des biens et des services en Belgique ? Le passage d’une frontière régionale est-il un frein à ces flux économiques ? À l’heure de la mondialisation, la distance joue-t-elle encore un rôle ? L’article rassemble une série inédite d’informations microéconomiques pour répondre au mieux à ces questions. La Belgique constitue un cas d’étude intéressant. Avec des distances intérieures toujours inférieures à 300 kilomètres à vol d’oiseau, le pays est petit et densément maillé d’infrastructures de transport. En outre, sa topographie ne comporte aucun obstacle naturel. En revanche, d’autres facteurs pèsent sur la mobilité. La congestion des axes routiers à l’approche des centres urbains freine les mouvements. La coexistence de trois langues nationales et de trois régions peut dresser des barrières culturelles et réglementaires. In fine, la Belgique est-elle un village ? Ou les trois régions constituent-elles trois économies déconnectées ? Codes JEL : D22, F14, F15, F61
Activation-Induced Marker Expression Identifies Mycobacterium tuberculosis–Specific CD4 T Cells in a Cytokine-Independent Manner in HIV-Infected Individuals with Latent Tuberculosis
Authors: Barham Morgan S , Whatney Wendy E , Khayumbi Jeremiah , Ongalo Joshua , Sasser Loren E , Campbell Angela , Franczek Meghan , Kabongo Mbuyi Madeleine , Ouma Samuel G , Hayara Felix Odhiambo , Gandhi Neel R , Day Cheryl L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
HIV infection is a significant risk factor for reactivation of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and progression to active tuberculosis disease, yet the mechanisms whereby HIV impairs T cell immunity to M. tuberculosis have not been fully defined. Evaluation of M. tuberculosis–specific CD4 T cells is commonly based on IFN-γ production, yet increasing evidence indicates the immune response to M. tuberculosis is heterogeneous and encompasses IFN-γ–independent responses. We hypothesized that upregulation of surface activation-induced markers (AIM) would facilitate detection of human M. tuberculosis–specific CD4 T cells in a cytokine-independent manner in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals with LTBI. PBMCs from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults in Kenya were stimulated with CFP-10 and ESAT-6 peptides and evaluated by flow cytometry for upregulation of the activation markers CD25, OX40, CD69, and CD40L. Although M. tuberculosis–specific IFN-γ and IL-2 production was dampened in HIV-infected individuals, M. tuberculosis–specific CD25+OX40+ and CD69+CD40L+ CD4 T cells were detectable in the AIM assay in both HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected individuals with LTBI. Importantly, the frequency of M. tuberculosis–specific AIM+ CD4 T cells was not directly impacted by HIV viral load or CD4 count, thus demonstrating the feasibility of AIM assays for analysis of M. tuberculosis–specific CD4 T cells across a spectrum of HIV infection states. These data indicate that AIM assays enable identification of M. tuberculosis–specific CD4 T cells in a cytokine-independent manner in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected individuals with LTBI in a high-tuberculosis burden setting, thus facilitating studies to define novel T cell correlates of protection to M. tuberculosis and elucidate mechanisms of HIV-associated dysregulation of antimycobacterial immunity.
Evaluation of Carotid Flow Time to Assess Fluid Responsiveness in the Emergency Department
Authors: Judson P. Immanuel , Abhilash Kundavaram Paul Prabhakar , Pichamuthu Kishore , Chandy Gina Maryann 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Assessing fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients is challenging. Objective, noninvasive tests that are easy to perform are needed. Doppler measurements of dynamic carotid artery parameters such as carotid blood flow (CBF) and carotid flow time (CFT) are being studied as the potential indicators of volume responsiveness, but the data supporting its use are sparse.

Methods:
This prospective, observational study was conducted in the adult emergency department from June to September 2018. Patients who were prescribed a bolus of 500 ml of crystalloid for any indication were enrolled. Carotid Doppler was performed before and after a fluid bolus to measure the change in CBF and CFT. The aim of our study was to determine if CFT can be used as a marker of fluid responsiveness.

Results:
During the 4-month study period, 209 patients were recruited through convenient sampling after obtaining informed written consent. 29.6% of patients presented with a mean arterial pressure (MAP) <65, among whom 58.1% had septic shock. The baseline CBF was 643.0 ± 212.7 ml/min, and it was 583.9 ± 207.1 ml/min and 668 ± 210.8 ml/min in hypotensive and normotensive patients, respectively. Considering a >10% increase in CBF as fluid response, there were 59% responders and 41% nonresponders. The MAP increased by 9.5% in the responders, while there was no significant change in CFT after the fluid bolus. There was no difference in CFT among the responders as compared to the nonresponders. There was no correlation between the change of CBF and CFT (r
[207] = 0.013, P = 0.061) after the fluid bolus.

Conclusion:
Though easy to perform, CFT is probably not a good indicator of fluid responsiveness.
Respuesta del ñame (Dioscorea spp.) a la fertilización en suelos de la costa semiárida del sur de Puerto Rico
Authors: David Sotomayor-Ramírez  , Agenol González-Vélez  , Elvin Román-Paoli  
Published: October 2020

La producción de ñame (Dioscorea spp.) en Puerto Rico se sitúa principalmente en la zona central montañosa, pero hay interés en expandir la producción a la región semiárida del sur, donde los suelos son mecanizables, tienden a ser neutrales o calcáreos, y donde hay riego disponible. Se realizaron dos ensayos de campo durante los años 2000 y 2001 en un suelo de la serie Pozo Blanco (Fino lómico, carbonático, isohipertérmico Typic Haplustolls) con alto contenido de potasio y magnesio intercambiable y con buena capacidad de suplir nitrógeno. Se evaluó la respuesta de los cultivares Diamante (D. alata), y Guinea Negro (D. rotundata) a la aplicación de nitrógeno, potasio, magnesio, y micronutrimentos. En el 2000, el rendimiento del cultivar Diamante se afectó severamente debido a una pudrición del tubérculo y la producción mercadeable varió de 5,961 a 10,742 kg/ha. En el 2001, hubo menor incidencia de la pudrición que en el 2000. La aplicación de micronutrimentos aumentó el rendimiento más de 100% para los dos cultivares. Hubo una tendencia a una mayor producción de tubérculos mercadeables con la aplicación de micronutrimentos y 75-12-250 kg/ha (N-P-K) en el cultivar Diamante (18,787 kg/ha), y con la aplicación de micronutrimentos y 75-12-0 kg/ha (N-P-K) en el cultivar Guinea Negro (10,492 kg/ha). Los resultados sugieren que con buena calidad y manejo de semilla, aplicaciones foliares de micronutrimentos, y cantidades moderadas de nitrógeno y potasio se puede producir ñame en suelos como éstos.
Revaluación del coeficiente de evaporímetro en siete localidades en Puerto Rico
Authors: Eric W. Harmsen  , Antonio González-Pérez  , Amos Winter  
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este proyecto es actualizar los valores del coeficiente de evaporímetro (KP) en las siete subestaciones experimentales de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, basado en la ecuación de referencia de Penman-Monteith para la evapotranspiración. Como parte del estudio se evaluaron los datos históricos recolectados con evaporímetros en las siete subestaciones. Se observó una disminución significativa en la evaporación en Lajas y Río Piedras, mientras hubo un crecimiento significativo en la evaporación en Gurabo y Adjuntas; no hubo variación significativa en Fortuna, Isabela y Corozal. Se encontró diferencia significativa entre los valores de KP calculados con datos del evaporímetro desde 1960 a 1980 y aquéllos con datos de 1981 a 2000.
Efecto de la adición dietética de aguas residuales de una planta productora de caramelo sobre el desempeño y características de canal en cerdos
Authors: Esbal Jiménez  , Carmen S. Santana-Nieves  , Abner A. Rodríguez  
Published: October 2020

Se usaron 24 cerdos cruzados (Duroc x Yorkshire) de 28 días de edad y peso vivo promedio de 6.9 kg para evaluar el efecto de la adición a la dieta de 0 (testigo), 5 y 7.5% de aguas residuales provenientes de una planta productora de caramelo (ARPC) sobre el desempeño productivo desde el destete hasta terminado (82 kg de peso vivo promedio) y características de la canal. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente aleatorizados (n = 4). Diariamente los cerdos se alimentaron a base del 8% de su peso vivo durante la fase post-destete (21 días) y a base del 6% por el resto de la investigación. Durante la fase post-destete el consumo de materia seca, la ganancia en peso vivo y la eficiencia alimenticia mejoraron con la adición de 7.5% pero no de 5% de ARPC (P ≤ 0.08). En cambio, durante la fase de engorde (hasta 74 kg peso vivo promedio) el consumo diario de materia seca y la ganancia en peso diario fueron mayores en el grupo testigo. Durante la fase de terminación (14 días) la eficiencia alimenticia mejoró con la adición de ARPC a los dos niveles (P ≤ 0.08). El área del músculo dorsal largo y el peso del pemil fueron mayores en las hembras que en los machos castrados (P ≤ 0.05), pero no se observaron diferencias asociadas a las dietas. Estos resultados sugieren que el desempeño de los cerdos durante las primeras tres semanas post-destete se puede mejorar con la adición dietética de ARPC en niveles de hasta 7.5%. Por otra parte, hace falta más investigación sobre el uso de estas aguas residuales durante las fases de engorde y terminado antes de hacer alguna recomendación al respecto. La frescura de este subproducto parece ser un factor importante.
Rol patogénico de la micoflora asociada a las manchas de las frutas de café
Authors: Lenith A. Arocho  , Rocío del P. Rodríguez  , Carlos Betancourt  
Published: October 2020

En cafetales de varias localidades de Puerto Rico, se recolectaron frutos de café con diferentes tipos de lesiones. Las frutas se clasificaron en una escala de 0 al 6 de acuerdo a la forma y color de las lesiones presentes. Se utilizaron tres métodos para aislar la micoflora de las lesiones. Especies de Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Cercospora, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Cladosporium y Aspergillus fueron aisladas de las frutas con variaciones en frecuencia. Las heridas y el estado de maduración de la fruta influenciaron el tamaño de la lesión y la patogenicidad de algunos aislados. Pruebas de patogenicidad identificaron a Cercospora coffeicola, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y C. dematium como patógenos primarios en la etiología de las manchas de las frutas de café.
FLUCTUACIÓN POBLACIONAL DE THRIPS TABACI L. Y LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII B. EN SIEMBRAS COMERCIALES DE CEBOLLA UTILIZANDO CULTIVOS ACOMPAÑANTES
Authors: Irma Cabrera-Asencio  , Alberto L. Vélez  
Published: October 2020

FLUCTUACIÓN POBLACIONAL DE THRIPS TABACI L. Y LIRIOMYZA TRIFOLII B. EN SIEMBRAS COMERCIALES DE CEBOLLA UTILIZANDO CULTIVOS ACOMPAÑANTES
Comportamiento de nuevos genotipos de calabaza bajo varias prácticas culturales
Authors: Linda Wessel-Beaver  , Obed Román-Hernández  , Luisa E. Flores-López  
Published: October 2020

Se evaluaron nuevos genotipos de calabaza (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) para rendimiento, color de la pulpa, resistencia a plagas y producción de semillas. Se comparó su comportamiento con el cultivar estándar Soler en seis ensayos en tres localidades en Puerto Rico, durante un periodo de dos años (2003-2005). El estudio incluyó una población experimental de polinización libre (PR Shortvine-1) y cuatro líneas (E0305-1, E0305-2, E0305-3 y E0305-4) con hábito de crecimiento semi-arbustivo, y una población experimental de polinización libre (PR longvineSLR) de bejucos largos. Se evaluaron dos distancias de siembra dentro del surco (0.9 m y 1.9 m) y dos entre surcos (1.9 m y 3.8 m). No todas las distancias de siembra se incluyeron en cada ensayo. PRIongvineSLR demostró ser excepcionalmente resistente al gusano del melón (Diaphania hyalinata), mientras que las líneas E0305-1 y E0305-2 fueron particularmente susceptibles. Estas mismas líneas, al igual que PRShortvine-1, fueron también susceptibles al añublo lanoso (Pseudoperonospora cubensis). Todos los genotipos produjeron rendimientos similares. La distancia entre plantas en el surco no afectó el peso del fruto, número de fruto ni el rendimiento. Todos los nuevos genotipos mostraron buen grosor de pulpa (>4 cm) y una cavidad pequeña. El color de pulpa de PRShortvine-1 y de PRLongvineSLR tiende a ser más anaranjado que el de Soler. Las líneas E0305-3 y E0305-4 tuvieron pobre producción de semilla, mientras que las de PRShortvine-1 y PRLongvineSLR fueron similares a la de Soler. A pesar de algunos defectos, PRShortvine-1 y PRLongvineSLR son dos poblaciones que se deben considerar para liberación a base de su rendimiento en el campo, buena calidad de fruta y habilidad para producir cantidades económicamente rentables de semilla en un programa de producción de semilla.
Mulheres e homens além da sala de aula: sociabilidades de docentes na Bahia entre a escravidão e o pós-abolição
Authors: Santos Jucimar , Moreira da Silva Fabiano , Dos Reis Santos Sivaldo 
Published: October 2020

O texto a seguir discute a atuação de professoras e professores na “instrução popular” entre o final do século XIX e início do século XX. Esses (as) docentes atuaram de maneiras distintas e em diferentes espaços para além da sala de aula, como na redação de jornais, em Conferências Pedagógicas, na Assembleia legislativa da Bahia, em associações sociais e na escola para formação de professores, a Escola Normal da Bahia. Em que medida este (as) docentes também trabalharam ligados (as) a causas sociais, políticas e educacionais que defendiam? As fontes para tal análise foram ofícios da Instrução Pública da Bahia disponíveis no Arquivo Público do Estado da Bahia e do Arquivo Municipal de Salvador, bem como Annais da Assembleia legislativa da Bahia e jornais da Hemeroteca Digital da Biblioteca Nacional.