bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine Mammal Biodiversity Around Oil and Gas Platforms - Challenges and Successes of Long-Term Monitoring
Authors: Delefosse Matthieu , Jacobsen Magnus W. , Balle Jeppe D. , Hansen Brian K. , Middelboe Anne Lise , Nielsen Einar E , Teilmann Jonas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Monitoring, understanding, and communicating the impact of offshore oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) activities on marine mammal (MM) biodiversity can be challenging. Here, we share methods, results, and experiences accumulated during seven years of monitoring MM and underwater sound in a mature E&P activity area in the North-East Atlantic.
We collected data on the distribution and behaviour of MM, their prey and changes associated with impulsive (e.g., seismic) and continuous (e.g., platform) sound generated by E&P operations. A program was created as an incentive for offshore staff to report systematically incidental MM sightings. Underwater acoustic recorders were placed around producing facilities and across a 3D seismic survey area before, during and after acquisition. A 2nd Generation Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) was deployed to collect and analyse environmental DNA (eDNA) from seawater to identify MM species and their potential prey. Monitoring data were shared with relevant stakeholders through publications in scientific journals, presentations at conferences and meetings, or through social media.
Our data provided evidence of MM activity in the E&P activity area year-round. A total of eight species were sighted from platforms and vessels; harbour porpoise being the most common MM. Harbour porpoises were recorded as being within 800m of the platform three times more often than at stations further away. Near installations, acoustic data showed porpoises actively searched for prey whilst eDNA confirmed the presence of prey species - validating a strong reef-effect.
Decrease in porpoise echolocation to 8-12 km from an active seismic vessel, is suggestive of a temporary displacement of animals in the corresponding area. There was no large scale or long-term displacement as harbour porpoises were detected again in the area few hours after airgun operations ended. The results indicate that despite elevated sound level in the E&P area, porpoise distribution appears to be linked to higher availability of prey around the artificial reef created by subsea O&G structures.
The monitoring efforts generate valuable scientific knowledge, which form a sound basis to support management and regulation of E&P activities in Denmark. Additionally, several simultaneous tangible benefits resulted from the study such as staff awareness of biodiversity and increased stakeholder interactions. Results and methodologies may be used by HSE practitioners and O&G project managers to assess the potential impact of sound generated by O&G industry on marine mammals. Our success illustrates the value of long-term monitoring and should inspire and support HSE practitioners in their future environmental monitoring initiatives.
Pertussis outbreak in Southern Ethiopia: challenges of detection, management and response
Authors: Mitiku Aychiluhim Damtew , Argaw Mesele Damte , Desta Binyam Fekadu , Tsegaye Zergu Taffesse , Atsa Afework Ayele , Tefera Bekele Belayihun , Teferi Ephreme , Rogers Deirdre , Bershir Ismael Ali , Gebeyehu Asrat , Anjulo Desta , Abate Derebe Tadesse , Sendeku Agegnehu Gebru , Mulowa Rudzani 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite the availability of effective vaccines, pertussis remains endemic with high fatality rates in low and middle-income countries (LMIC).This study aims to describe an outbreak of pertussis in a health district of Ethiopia. The study highlights the challenges faced by the health system in identifying pertussis cases and appropriately responding to the outbreak at the district level. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using data sourced from the District Public Health Emergency and Management (PHEM) surveillance service and outbreak management field reports. Stratified attack rates and fatality rates for pertussis are described. Systemic problems leading to the outbreak are explored and narrated. A modified CDC pertussis case definition was employed with a polymerase chain reaction used to confirm cases. Results: From September 2018 to January 2019, 1840 suspected, probable, and confirmed pertussis cases and six deaths were identified. Pertussis cases ranged from 1 month to 51 years in age and an outbreak occurred in 14 out of the 24 villages of Dara Malo district. The overall attack rate was 1708 per 100,000 population with a fatality rate of 3.3 per 1,000 pertussis cases. The highest attack rate of 12,689/100,000 was seen in infants. Among confirmed, probable and suspected pertussis cases, only 41.1% had completed the three-dose pertussis vaccine's primary schedule. The household survey revealed the population coverage of 73.4% and 40.8% for Pentavalent vaccine dose one and three respectively. Investigations suggested the existence of a poor cold chain management system in the study area. Conclusions: There is an urgent need to build capacity to strengthen routine vaccination services and improving the maintenance of the vaccine cold chain. Other Low-and Middle -Income Countries (LMICs), are urged to take lessons learned from this outbreak and strengthen their own vaccination programs and capacitate health workers to manage local outbreaks.
Surgery Outcomes of Lamellar Macular Eyes with or without Lamellar Hole-Associated Epiretinal Proliferation: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: xu hanyue , Qin Ling , Zhang Yifan , Zhang Ming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed at comparing both the structural and functional outcomes of lamellar macular hole (LMH) with and without lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP) after surgery. Method: Publications up to July 2020 that compared the surgical outcomes of LMH patients with and without LHEP were included. Forest plots were created using a weighted summary of proportion meta-analysis. Fixed or random effects modes were used based on I2 heterogeneity estimates. To evaluate the stability of the meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis was carried out. Result: Eight pertinent publications containing a total of 176 eyes without LHEP and 173 eyes with LHEP were included. They were all retrospective studies and had a mean follow-up of at least 6 months. In all studies, the preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) had no significant differences between the two groups and BCVA improved in both groups after surgery. Pooled results of the improved BCVA was 0.18 (95 % CI, 0.10 to 0.26; P< 0.01) between with and without LHEP groups. However, the odd ratio of restored ellipsoid zone was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.26 to 2.44; p = 0.69) among the group with LHEP and the group without LHEP. In conclusion, patients without LHEP had better postoperative BCVA than patients with LHEP. No significant difference was found in REZ among the two groups. The necessity of surgery for patients with LHEP needs more studies to identify.
The association between doctors’presenteeism and job burnout: a cross-sectional survey study in China
Authors: pei pei , Lin Guohua , Li Gaojie , Zhu Yifan , Xi Xiaoyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: It is necessary to examine doctors working with illness from a professional point of view, because it is not only related to their occupational health, but also, more importantly, will affect the treatment effect of patients and the overall medical level of the hospital. Research shows that physicians often report job burnout and have a high level of presenteeism, but few studies concerns the relationship between job burnout and presenteeism. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between physiciandoctors’ presenteeism and three dimensions of job burnout in China, and to identify other aspects that are associated with presenteeism.Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving physiciandoctors in second-and third-class medical institutions (except for primary doctors) was conducted in the interior of China. Using one item measure about presenteeism and a 15-item Chinese version of the BMI-GS questionnaire, this study investigated prevalence of physiciandoctors' presenteeism behavior and job burnout, and determined the relationship between presenteeism and job burnout by logistical model.Results: Relationships between presenteeism and three dimensions of job burnout were explored, and the influence of demography and work factors were evaluated. The survey was completed by 1376/1547 hospital doctors, with a response rate of 88.9%. Presenteeism was reported by 30.7% of participants. 30.7%(n=422) of the subjects reported having presenteeism behavior. Using MBI-GS, 86.8% (n=1195) of all physiciandoctors had moderate job burnout and 6.0%(n=82) were severe job burnout. Logistic regression analysis showed that physiciandoctors with medium, high degree of emotional exhaustion and high degree of cynicism were more likely to associate with presenteeismpractice presenteeism (all p < 0.05). In addition, two other work-related factors, including the physiciandoctor's department and position, were also more likely to relate with theirpresenteeism (all p < 0.05).Conclusions: By examining the relationship between presenteeism and job burnout, this study determined that there is indeed a significant correlation between the two. This result has a certain reference value for the development of work health, especially presenteeism and job burnout theory, and also makes a certain contribution to the relevant research literature.At present, there is quite presenteeism among physicians in the second-and third-class medical institutions in China, which is significantly related to emotional exhaustion and cynicism. Considering the modifiable job-related factors, health care institutions must take appropriate measures to relieve physicians' job burnout, help them adjust their self-awareness properly, and ensure occupational mental health to alleviate the prevalence of presenteeism.
Multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii hospital infection associated with high mortality: A retrospective study in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Shi Jingyi , Sun Ting , Cui Yun , Wang Chunxia , Wang Fei , Zhou Yiping , Miao Huijie , Shan Yijun , Zhang Yucai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii presents challenges for clinical treatment and causes high mortality in children. We aimed to assess the risk factors and overall mortality for MDR/XDR Acinetobacter baumannii infected pediatric patients. Methods This retrospective study included 102 pediatric patients who developed MDR/XDR Acinetobacter baumannii infection in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Shanghai Children’s Hospital in China from December 2014 to May 2018. Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates were recovered from different specimens including blood, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, ascites, hydrothorax, and urine. Antibiotic susceptibility test was determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute interpretive criteria. Clinical and biological data were obtained from the patients’ medical records. Results 102 patients with Acinetobacter baumannii infection were enrolled. The median age was 36 (9.6, 98.8) months, and there were 63 male in the case group. The overall mortality rate was 29.4%, while the Acinetobacter baumannii -associated mortality rate was 16.7% (17/102, 12 bloodstream infections, 4 meningitis and 1 intra-abdominal infection). Bloodstream infections occurred in 28 patients (27.5%), and 10 patients (9.8%) among them had central line-associated bloodstream infections (6 central venous catheters, 2 PICCs, 1 venous infusion port and 1 arterial catheter). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures were positive in 4(3.9%) patients. 14(13.7%) patients got positive cultures in ascites and hydrothorax. Lower respiratory isolates (56/102) accounted for 54.9% of all patients. Non-survival patients appeared to have a lower NK cell activity (6.2%±3.61% vs. 9.15%±6.21%, P =0.029), higher CD4+ T cell ratio (39.67%±12.18% vs. 32.66%±11.44%, P = 0.039),and a higher serum level of interlukin-8 (IL-8, 15.25 (1.62, 47.22)pg/ml vs. 0.1 (0.1, 22.99)pg/ml, P=0.01) when Acinetobacter baumannii infection developed. Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that high serum level of Cr (RR, 0.934, 95%CI, 0.890-0.981；P=0.007) and high BUN/ALB level (RR, 107.893, 95%CI, 1.425-870.574; p= 0.005) were associated with high risk of mortality in MDR/XDR Acinetobacter baumannii infected patients. Conclusion MDR/XDR Acinetobacter baumannii infection is a serious concern in pediatric patients with high mortality. Bloodstream and central nervous infection accounted for high risk of death. Acute kidney injury is associated with high risk of mortality.
Effect of low-dose exogenous surfactant on infants with acute respiratory distress syndrome after cardiac surgery: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Zhang Rongyuan , Wang Xu , Li Shoujun , Yan Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in infants undergoing cardiac surgery is associated with significant mortality and prolonged ventilation; surfactant administration may be a useful therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-dose exogenous surfactant therapy on infants suffering ARDS after cardiac surgery. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of infants diagnosed with moderate-to-severe ARDS (PaO2/FiO2 < 150) after cardiac surgery. A case was defined as a patient that received surfactant and standard therapy, while a control was defined as a patient that underwent standard therapy. The primary endpoint was the improvement in oxygenation index (OI) after 24-hour of surfactant treatment; and secondary endpoints were the ventilator time and PICU time. Results: Twenty-two infants treated with surfactant were matched with 22 controls. Early low-dose (20mg/kg) surfactant treatment was associated with improved outcomes. After surfactant administration for 24-hour, the surfactant group was much better compared with the control group at the 24-hour in OI (difference in average change from baseline, -6.7 [95% CI, -9.3 to -4.1]) (P < 0.01) and ventilation index (VI, mean difference, -11.9 [95% CI, -18.1 to -5.7]) (P < 0.01). Ventilation time and PICU time were significantly shorter in the surfactant group compared with the control group (133.6h±27.2 vs 218.4h±28.7, P < 0.01 ; 10.7d±5.1 vs 17.5d±6.8, P < 0.01). Infants in the surfactant group under 3 months benefit more from OI and VI than the infants over 3 months in a preliminary exploratory analysis. Conclusions: In infants with moderate-to-severe ARDS after cardiac surgery, early low-dose exogenous surfactant treatment could prominently improve oxygenation and reduce mechanical ventilation time and PICU time. Infants younger than 3 months may get more benefit of oxygenation than the older ones. Randomized controlled trials are needed to explore the effect of surfactant to ARDS of cardiac surgical infants.
Geospatial and Explanatory Models for Heart Failure Admissions, 2016 through 2018
Authors: Kruse Clemens Scott , Beauvais Bradley M. , Brooks Matthew S. , Mileski Michael , Fulton Lawrence 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background. About 5.7 million individuals in the United States have heart failure, and the disease was estimated to cost about $42.9 billion in 2020. This research provides geographical incidence models of this disease in the U.S. and explanatory models to account for hospitals’ number of heart failure DRGs using technical, workload, financial, geographical, and time-related variables. The research also provides updated financial and demand estimates based on inflationary pressures and disease rate increases. Understanding patterns is important to both policymakers and health administrators for cost control and planning. Methods. Maps of heart failure diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) from 2016 through 2018 depicted areas of high incidence as well as changes. Spatial regression identified no significant spatial correlations. Simple expenditure forecasts were calculated for 2016 through 2018. Linear, lasso, ridge, and Elastic Net models as well as ensembled tree regressors including were built on an 80% training set and evaluated on a 20% test set. Results: The incidence of heart failure has increased over time with highest intensities in the East and center of the country; however, several Northern states (e.g., Minnesota) have seen large increases in rates from 2016. The best traditional regression model explained 75% of the variability in the number of DRGs experienced by hospital using a small subset of variables including discharges, DRG type, percent Medicare reimbursement, hospital type, and medical school affiliation. The best ensembled tree models achieved R2 over .97 on the blinded test set and identified discharges, percent Medicare reimbursement, hospital acute days, affiliated physicians, staffed beds, employees, hospital type, emergency room visits, medical school affiliation, geographical location, and the number of surgeries as highly important predictors. Conclusions. Overall, the total cost of the three DRGs in the study has increased approximately $61 billion from 2016 through 2018 (average of two estimates). The increase in the more expensive DRG (DRG 291) has outpaced others with an associated increase of $92 billion in expenditures. With the increase in demand (linked to obesity and other factors) as well as the relatively steady-state supply of cardiologists over time, the costs are likely to balloon over the next decade.
Study of laboratory staff' knowledge of biobanking in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Kintossou Ambroise Kouamé , N'Dri Mathias Kouamé , Money Marcelle , Cisse Souleymane , Doumbia Simini , Man-Koumba Soumahoro , Coulibaly Amadou Founzégué , Djaman Joseph Allico , Dosso Mireille 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The biobank is a structure that manages and makes available biological resources. The biobank has medical, scientific and economic interests in an ethical manner. In 2009, Côte d'Ivoire established a biobank, which has housed the regional biobank of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries since 2018. To ensure optimal and efficient use of this biobank, scientific stakeholders must be aware of its existence and role. It was therefore necessary to assess the knowledge of laboratory staff on the role and activities of a biobank.Methods: This is a descriptive study conducted with staff of human, animal and plant health laboratories located in southern Côte d'Ivoire. Results: A total of 205 people agreed to complete the proposed questionnaire. Of these, 34.63% are biologists, 7.32% engineers, 48.78% technicians and 9.27% PhD students. The average professional experience was 10.11 ± 7.83 years. Respectively, 47.32% and 43.41% have never heard of biocollection and biobank. Only 48.78% of participants had a good understanding of the role of a biobank. Technicians and PhD students were less educated on the notion of biobank (p<0.000001). Biologists, although they were more educated on this issue, 21.13% of them had a misconception of biobank. Good knowledge of the role of a biobank was not significantly related to the duration of professional experience (p>0.88). Conclusion: The level of knowledge of laboratory staff about biobanking remains to be improved. Training on the role, activities and interests of the biobank is important.
Long noncoding RNA XIST suppresses tumorigenesis and enhances radiosensitivity in neuroblastoma cells through regulating miR-653-5p/HK2 axis
Authors: Mou Liping , Wang Lili , Zhang Shaoming , Wang Qinghua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Abnormal expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) was usually involved in tumorigenesis and radiosensitivity of various cancers. The aim of this study was to explore the biological function and regulatory mechanism of lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) in tumorigenesis and radiosensitivity of neuroblastoma (NB). Methods: The expression levels of XIST, microRNA-653-5p (miR-653-5p) and hexokinase 2 (HK2) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Methylthiazolyldiphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, colony formation assay and transwell assay were utilized to detect cell viability, colony formation and cell invasion abilities. Glucose consumption or lactate production was measured by glucose assay kit or lactate assay kit, respectively. The mice xenograft model was established to investigate the role of XIST in vivo . The interaction between miR-653-5p and XIST or HK2 was predicted by starBase v2.0 and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of HK2. Results: XIST and HK2 were highly expressed whilst miR-653-5p was lowly expressed in NB tissues and cells. XIST knockdown inhibited tumorigenesis by repressing NB cell proliferation and invasion. Meanwhile, XIST downregulation increased the radiosensitivity via inhibiting colony formation rates and glycolysis. Moreover, miR-653-5p could bind to XIST and its downregulation reversed the effects of XIST knockdown on tumorigenesis and radiosensitivity. Additionally, HK2 was a direct target of miR-653-5p and its overexpression attenuated the effects of miR-653-5p restoration on suppression of tumorigenesis and promotion of radiosensitivity. Besides, XIST functioned as a molecular sponge of miR-653-5p to regulate HK2 expression. Furthermore, XIST knockdown also suppressed tumor growth by upregulating miR-653-5p and downregulating HK2 in vivo . Conclusion: XIST interference inhibited tumorigenesis and increased radiosensitivity in NB by regulating miR-653-5p/HK2 axis, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for NB.