bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benzidine/Quinoidal‐Benzidine‐Linked, Superbenzene‐Based π‐Conjugated Chiral Macrocycles and Cyclophanes
Authors: Li Guangwu , Matsuno Taisuke , Han Yi , Phan Hoa , Wu Shaofei , Jiang Qing , Zou Ya , Isobe Hiroyuki , Wu Jishan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSynthesis of fully conjugated cyclophanes containing large‐size polycyclic aromatics is challenging. Now, three benzidine‐linked, hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (superbenzene)‐based ortho‐, para‐, and meta‐cyclophanes are synthesized through intermolecular Yamamoto coupling reaction of structurally pre‐organized precursors. Subsequent oxidative dehydrogenation gave the corresponding quinoidal benzidine‐linked cyclophanes. Their geometries were confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis and their electronic properties were investigated by electronic absorption, cyclic voltammetry, and DFT calculations. The quinoidal benzidine‐linked cyclophanes show thermally populated paramagnetic activity with a relatively large singlet‐triplet energy gap. Two enantiomers for the ortho‐cyclophanes (1‐NH and 1‐N) were isolated and their chiral figure‐of‐eight macrocyclic structures were identified. The cage‐like cyclophanes 2‐NH and 3‐NH with concave surface can selectively encapsulate fullerene C70.
Neural network adaptive finite‐time control of stochastic nonlinear systems with full state constraints
Authors: Zhu Qidan , Liu Yongchao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the issue of neural network adaptive finite‐time tracking control for stochastic nonlinear systems subject to full state constraints. In the controller design process, neural networks are employed to cope with the packed uncertainties and the log‐type barrier Lyapunov functions are introduced to prevent the violation of the state constraints. By using approximated‐based neural networks and adaptive backstepping technique, a novel finite‐time control approach is presented. The designed control method not only makes the tracking error converge to a small neighborhood of the origin in a finite time, but also surmounts the effect of state constraints to system performance. A numerical simulation example is provided to illustrate the validity of the designed control method.
Recombining plasma in supernova remnants: Discovery and progress in the last decade
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPresence of recombining (overionized) plasma in several supernova remnants (SNRs), first suggested by ASCA observations, was anchored by the detection of enhanced radiative recombination continua inSuzakuspectra of the SNRs IC 443 and W49B. This discovery was surprising, because X‐ray‐emitting SNRs were thought to have ionizing plasmas in general. Since then, similar spectral features have been detected from more than a dozen SNRs, implying that the recombining plasma is not uncommon for a certain type of SNRs. This paper reviews the observational and theoretical progress achieved in the last decade toward understanding of the origin of the recombining plasmas in SNRs. It is observationally indicated that all the SNRs whose plasma is in overionization are associated with the so‐called mixed‐morphology class, characterized by a centrally peaked X‐ray profile and rim‐brightened radio emission. The latest studies of W49B withNuSTARand W44 withXMM‐Newtonhave provided clear evidence that two distinct mechanisms can work for the formation of the recombining plasma, namely adiabatic cooling and thermal conduction, with the dominant channel depending on the evolutionary stage of SNRs.
Chromium Oxynitride as Durable Electrode Material for Symmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Kumar U. Naveen , Ramavath Janraj Naik , Ghosh Sourav , Kothandaraman R. , Thomas Tiju 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecently, metal oxynitrides (MONs) have gained a lot of attention as electrode materials for supercapacitor (SC) applications due to their unique properties such as high electronic conductivity, wettability, corrosion resistance, and chemical robustness. Nanostructuring strategies of MONs opens fresh avenues for energy storage. Though various transition metal oxides (MO) and metal nitrides (MN) have been explored as electrode materials for SC applications, they have limitations associated with poor cyclability and rate capabilities. Hence, there is a value to exploring intermediate oxynitride compounds (MONs) in place of pure MOs and MNs. Chromium oxynitride (CrOXNY) as electrode material is not yet been explored for SC applications. In this context, we have carried out the systematic study of the nanostructured nano‐spherical CrOXNY nanoparticle as an electrode material for SC applications. The electrochemical performance of the CrOXNY electrode is tested in both the three and two electrode assembly. The CrOXNY electrode shows capacitance of 146 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1 in three electrode configuration. The symmetric coin cell (CR2032) is fabricated and tested up to 10,000 cycles at 2 A g−1 and it shows excellent capacity retention up to 98 %. The energy and power densities of the symmetric device are ∼8 W h kg−1 at 1 A g−1 and 28.8 kW kg−1 at 10 A g−1, respectively. As a proof of concept, a red light‐emitting diode (LED) is lit by serially connecting two symmetric coin cells (2 V). These attributes of CrOXNY, such as excellent capacitance retention, long cyclic stability, and high rate capability, indicates that it can be used as a durable electrode material for SC technology.
The economic effect of China's educational input, based on the research of dynamic spatial Dubin model
Authors: Su Hongwei , Yu Jinghui , Shi Yan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBased on the growth framework of M‐R‐W, this paper uses panel fixed effect and dynamic space Dubin model to analyze the impact of Chinese education investment on economic growth and spatial effects of education investment for 31 province‐level regions in China from 2008 to 2016. The results reveal the following findings: First, the role of education investment in China's economic growth is limited, and the role of education investment in economic growth is quite different in different economic regions. Changes in per capita education investment only have a significant impact on economic growth in the Yangtze River Delta, Northeast China, and Northwest China. Second, when education investment affects economic growth, there is an inverted U‐shaped Kuznets curve. The effect of education investment reflected by human capital on economic growth is lower than that of physical capital. Third, there is a positive spatial agglomeration effect on the spatial distribution of educational investment in various regions of China, but the effect is weak. Fourth, the spatial spillover effect of educational investment is greater than the direct effect. In other words, the economic growth effect of educational investment in a certain region is lower than that of other regions.
How does green advertising skepticism on social media affect consumer intention to purchase green products?
Authors: Luo Biao , Sun Ying , Shen Jie , Xia Lihui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderpinned by the stimulus–organism–response model, this study explores the underlying mechanism through which green advertising skepticism on social media affects consumer green purchase intention. It also investigates the boundary factors that moderate this indirect relationship. Performing structural equation modeling on data collected from an online survey on Sina Weibo, this study finds that green advertising skepticism on social media negatively affects green purchase intention through the mediation of perceived information utility. Moreover, interdependent self‐construal positively moderates, and independent self‐construal negatively moderates this indirect relationship. These findings suggest that truthful and consumer‐tailored green advertising is crucial to green product marketing.
Phosphorylation of the WWOX Protein Regulates Its Interaction with p73
Authors: Lahav Noa , Rotem‐Bamberger Shahar , Fahoum Jamal , Dodson Emma‐Joy , Kraus Yahel , Mousa Reem , Metanis Norman , Friedler Assaf , Schueler‐Furman Ora 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe describe a molecular characterization of the interaction between the cancer‐related proteins WWOX and p73. This interaction is mediated by the first of two WW domains (WW1) of WWOX and a PPXY‐motif‐containing region in p73. While phosphorylation of Tyr33 of WWOX and association with p73 are known to affect apoptotic activity, the quantitative effect of phosphorylation on this specific interaction is determined here for the first time. Using ITC and fluorescence anisotropy, we measured the binding affinity between WWOX domains and a p73 derived peptide, and showed that this interaction is regulated by Tyr phosphorylation of WW1. Chemical synthesis of the phosphorylated domains of WWOX revealed that the binding affinity of WWOX to p73 is decreased when WWOX is phosphorylated. This result suggests a fine‐tuning of binding affinity in a differential, ligand‐specific manner: the decrease in binding affinity of WWOX to p73 can free both partners to form new interactions.
A Peptide‐PNA Hybrid Beacon for Sensitive Detection of Protein Biomarkers in Biological Fluids
Authors: Dhar Amlanjyoti , Ahmed Israr , Mallick Shampa , Roy Siddhartha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSpecific and rapid detection of proteins in biological fluids poses a challenging problem. In biological fluids, many proteins are present at low concentrations, requiring high affinity and specificity of the beacon‐protein interaction. We report the design of a peptide‐PNA hybrid beacon that exploits the dimeric nature of a target protein, S100B, a biomarker for brain trauma, to enhance binding affinity and specificity. The complementary base‐pairing of the PNA bases brings the two arms of the beacon, one carrying an Alexa tag and the other carrying a Dabcyl moiety, into proximity, thus quenching Alexa fluorescence. Each of the arms carries a sequence that binds to one of the subunits. Binding to the target separates the quencher from the probe lifting the quenching of fluorescence. Enhanced affinity and specificity resulting from simultaneously binding to two sites allowed specific detection of S100B at low‐nanomolar concentrations in the presence of serum. The design can be easily adapted for the detection of proteins containing multiple binding sites and could prove useful for rapid and sensitive biomarker detection.
In‐situ Self‐transformation Synthesis of N‐doped Carbon Coating Paragenetic Anatase/Rutile Heterostructure with Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Activity
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Gao Hongyi , Han Mengyi , Chen Xiao , Zhang Xiaowei , Dong Wenjun , Wang Ge 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and convert CO2 into value‐added chemical feedstocks and fuels. P25 is one of the most popular photocatalyst, but its high photoinduced charge recombination rate and low CO2 adsorption ability hinder its application in photocatalytic CO2 reduction due to the limited anatase/rutile interface and small specific surface area. Herein, a paragenetic anatase/rutile interface is in‐situ formed in one crystal grain via calcination of NH2‐MIL‐125 in argon atmosphere and the obtained N doped porous carbon layer endows its high specific surface area. The in situ XRD and HRTEM characterization proved the anatase/rutile interface is in situ formed by the phase transformation from anatase (211) plane to rutile (211) plane. The charge separation efficiency of the photocatalyst with N‐doped carbon coating paragenetic heterostructure is proved to be enhanced compared with N‐doped carbon coating anatase or rutile single phase catalyst. The optimized catalyst S750Ar with paragenetic anatase/rutile structure shows a 7.6 folds enhanced CO conversion rate than that of P25. These findings provide an in‐situ self‐transition strategy to regulate charge transfer between phases at the interface and promote the application of heterogeneous catalysts.
Designing Sodium Manganese Oxide with 4 d‐Cation Zr Doping as a High‐Rate‐Performance Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shi Wen‐Jing , Zheng Ya‐Min , Meng Xiao‐Meng , Liu Shi‐Bin , Xu Shou‐Dong , Chen Liang , Wang Xiao‐Min , Zhang Ding 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) using transition‐metal oxides as cathodes have been considered as prospective alternatives for energy storage applications. Herein, the 4d‐cation Zr‐substitution strategy is proposed to optimize the structure and electrochemical properties of Na0.44MnO2 for the first time. In situ X‐ray diffraction demonstrates that the optimized Na0.44Mn0.98Zr0.02O2 exhibits a smaller volume change (only 4.25 %) during the initial charge/discharge process. Additionally, the Na+ diffusion coefficients are significantly enhanced after Zr introduction, thus leading to superb rate properties. A high reversible capacity of 112 mAh g−1 can be obtained at 1 C. The long cycle lifespan can be supported by 78 mAh g−1 that is maintained after 1000 cycles with a capacity retention of 80 % at 5 C. These findings not only indicate that 4d‐cation Zr‐substitution is an effective approach to tune the tunnel‐type cathodes, but also provide a new avenue to devise and optimize high‐performance cathodes for SIBs.
Sustained and Controlled Release of Volatile Precursors for Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphene at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Chen Qiao , Yi Xin , Huang Meirong , Wu Wenjia , Song Qiyang , Nie Changjiang , Wang Shun , Zhu Hongwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrecursors and catalysts play vital roles in chemical reactions. Considerable efforts have been devoted to the investigation of catalysts for graphene growth by chemical vapor deposition in recent years. However, there has been little research on precursors because of a lack of innovation in term of creating a controllable feeding method. Herein, we present a novel sustained and controlled release approach, and develop a convenient, safe, and potentially scalable feeding system with the assistance of matrix materials and a simple portable feeder. As a result, a highly volatile liquid precursor can be fed accurately to grow large‐area, uniform graphene films with optimal properties. This feeding approach will further benefit the synthesis of other two‐dimensional materials from various precursors.
Mechanistic Insights into the Triplet Sensitized Photochromism of Diarylethenes
Authors: Fredrich Sebastian , Morack Tobias , Sliwa Michel , Hecht Stefan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOperating photoswitchable molecules repetitively and reliably is crucial for most of their applications, in particular in (opto)electronic devices, and related to reversibility and fatigue resistance, which both critically depend on the photoisomerization mechanism defined by the substitution pattern. Two diarylethene photoswitches bearing biacetyl triplet sensitizers either at the periphery or at the core were investigated using both stationary as well as transient UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy ranging from the femtosecond to the microsecond time scale. The diarylethene with two biacetyl moieties at the periphery is switching predominantly from the triplet excited state, giving rise to an enhanced fatigue resistance. In contrast, the diarylethene bearing one diketone at the photoreactive inner carbon atom cyclizes from the singlet excited state and shows significantly higher quantum yields for both cyclization and cycloreversion.
Impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on cost‐related medication underuse in nonelderly adult cancer survivors
Authors: Barnes Justin M. , Johnson Kimberly J. , Adjei Boakye Eric , Sethi Rosh K. V. , Varvares Mark A. , Osazuwa‐Peters Nosayaba 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundCost‐related medication underuse (CRMU), a measure of access to care and financial burden, is prevalent among cancer survivors. The authors quantified the impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) on CRMU in nonelderly cancer survivors.MethodsUsing National Health Interview Survey data (2011‐2017) for cancer survivors aged 18 to 74 years, the authors estimated changes in CRMU (defined as taking medication less than prescribed due to costs) before (2011‐2013) to after (2015‐2017) implementation of the ACA. Difference‐in‐differences (DID) analyses estimated changes in CRMU after implementation of the ACA in low‐income versus high‐income cancer survivors, and nonelderly versus elderly cancer survivors.ResultsA total of 6176 cancer survivors aged 18 to 64 years and 4100 cancer survivors aged 65 to 74 years were identified. In DID analyses, there was an 8.33‐percentage point (PP) (95% confidence interval, 3.06‐13.6 PP; P = .002) decrease in CRMU for cancer survivors aged 18 to 64 years with income <250% of the federal poverty level (FPL) compared with those with income >400% of the FPL. There was a reduction for cancer survivors aged 55 to 64 years compared with those aged 65 to 74 years with income <400% of the FPL (−9.35 PP; 95% confidence interval, −15.6 to −3.14 PP [P = .003]).ConclusionsThere was an ACA‐associated reduction in CRMU noted among low‐income, nonelderly cancer survivors. The ACA may improve health care access and affordability in this vulnerable population.
Fabrication of a Lateral Heterostructure of Crystallized MoO2/Amorphous MoO3‐x for Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Guo Cang , Wei Cong , Shen Yonglong , Cui Xinwei , Xu Qun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe heterostructure of crystallized MoO2/amorphous MoO3‐x was firstly constructed via reduction of crystalline MoO3 by Mo metal via a hydrothermal method. All characterization results indicate the coexistence of a defective crystallized MoO2 phase and amorphous MoO3‐x phase. Furthermore, the heterostructure products possess excellent photothermal conversion (61.5%).
Bone augmentation by octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite coated with poly‐lactic acid cage
Authors: Yanagisawa Toshiki , Yasuda Ayato , Makkonen Ria I. , Kamakura Shinji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveAlthough octacalcium phosphate and collagen composite (OCP/Col) has demonstrated excellent bone regeneration, it has never achieved bone augmentation. The present study investigated whether it could be enabled by OCP/Col disks treated with parathyroid hormone (PTH) and covered with a poly‐lactic acid (PLA) cage.Materials and methodsThe prepared OCP/Col disks with three different types of PLA cages (no hole, one large hole, several small holes) were implanted into subperiosteal pockets in rodent calvaria. Histological, and histomorphometric analyses were conducted at 12 weeks after implantation.ResultsImplants with all PLA cage variants achieved sufficient bone augmentation, and analyses showed that new bone was formed from the original bone and along the PLA cage. While the PLA cage variant with no holes sporadically evoked new bone formation even at the central area of the roof of the PLA cage, the PLA cage variants with holes had no new bone in the area of the hole or beneath the periosteum.ConclusionsThese results suggest that sufficient bone augmentation could be achieved by treating the OCP/Col disks with PTH and covering them with a PLA cage, and periosteum might not have been involved in the bone formation in this experiment.
On to the next chapter for crop breeding: Convergence with data science
Authors: Ersoz Elhan S. , Martin Nicolas F. , Stapleton Ann E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCrop breeding is as ancient as the invention of cultivation. In essence, the objective of crop breeding is to improve plant fitness under human cultivation conditions, making crops more productive while maintaining consistency in life cycle and quality. Predictive breeding has been demonstrated in the agricultural industry and in public breeding programs for over a decade. The massive stores of data that have been generated by industry, farmers, and scholars through several decades have finally been recognized as a potential asset that can be brought to bear on specific breeding decisions. A wide range of analytical methods that were initially developed for various other quantitative disciplines, such as machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence, are now being adapted for application in crop breeding to support analytics and decision making processes. This convergence between data science and crop breeding analytics is expected to address long‐standing gaps in crop breeding analytics, and realize the potential of applying advanced analytics to multidimensional data such as geospatial variables, a multitude of phenotypic responses, and genetic information. Here, we summarize the few existing examples followed by perspectives on where else these technologies would have applications to accelerate operational aspects of crop breeding and agricultural product development efforts.
Breeding a heat‐tolerant annual ryegrass for earlier fall planting in the southeastern United States
Authors: Billman Eric D. , Morrison Jesse I. , Baldwin Brian S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractForage production in the southeastern United States relies heavily on cool‐season grasses in winter and spring. The most prolific species is annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), a winter annual. Historically, secondary seed dormancy of ryegrass inhibits germination at soil temperatures in excess of 21°C. Normal planting occurs in early‐mid fall (mid‐October). However, earlier planting (Aug. or Sept.) could expand the grazing period. This work sought use of recurrent phenotypic selection (RPS) to breed an annual ryegrass cultivar that could germinate at high temperatures and survive high temperatures post‐germination. All selections were conducted in a growth chamber at 40:30°C (12:12 h, light/darkness). Germinated seedlings were subjected to 2–3 wk of 40:30°C conditions post‐germination. Selected individuals (Cycle 1) and the base germplasm (Cycle 0) were transplanted to the field in fall 2015, and harvested for seed in spring 2016. Germination tests were conducted to compare mean cumulative germination, velocity of germination within 8 d (VOG8), and realized heritability (h2) at 40:30°C. Selection was repeated twice to reach Cycle 3. Data from the 2018 germination tests indicated that germination of Cycle 3 seed (45.8%) was significantly greater (P < .001) within 14 d than that of all previous cycles. Cycle 3 VOG8 was 8 times that of Cycle 0. Total additive gene action was estimated by a calculated realized heritability of h2 = .41. These data indicate improved germination under high temperatures was achieved in nearly half the population. This will potentially allow for late‐summer planting and greater grazing time.