bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CDKL5 deficiency in forebrain glutamatergic neurons results in recurrent spontaneous seizures
Authors: Wang Hong‐Tao , Zhu Zi‐Ai , Li Yi‐Yan , Lou Sen‐Sen , Yang Guang , Feng Xue , Xu Wei , Huang Zhi‐Li , Cheng Xuewen , Xiong Zhi‐Qi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveMutations of the cyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 (CDKL5) gene cause severe neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by intractable epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autism. Multiple mouse models generated for mechanistic studies have exhibited phenotypes similar to some human pathological features, but none of the models has developed one of the major symptoms affecting CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) patients: intractable recurrent seizures. As disrupted neuronal excitation/inhibition balance is closely associated with the activity of glutamatergic and γ‐aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) neurons, our aim was to study the effect of the loss of CDKL5 in different types of neurons on epilepsy.MethodsUsing the Cre‐LoxP system, we generated conditional knockout (cKO) mouse lines allowing CDKL5 deficiency in glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons. We employed noninvasive video recording and in vivo electrophysiological approaches to study seizure activity in these Cdkl5 cKO mice. Furthermore, we conducted Timm staining to confirm a morphological alteration, mossy fiber sprouting, which occurs with limbic epilepsy in both human and mouse brains. Finally, we performed whole‐cell patch clamp in dentate granule cells to investigate cell‐intrinsic properties and synaptic excitatory activity.ResultsWe demonstrate that Emx1‐ or CamK2α‐derived Cdkl5 cKO mice manifest high‐frequency spontaneous seizure activities recapitulating the epilepsy of CDD patients, which ultimately led to sudden death in mice. However, Cdkl5 deficiency in GABAergic neurons does not generate such seizures. The seizures were accompanied by typical epileptic features including higher amplitude spikes for epileptiform discharges and abnormal hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting. We also found an increase in spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequencies but no change in amplitudes in the dentate granule cells of Emx1‐cKO mice, indicating enhanced excitatory synaptic activity.SignificanceOur study demonstrates that Cdkl5 cKO mice, serving as an animal model to study recurrent spontaneous seizures, have potential value for the pathological study of CDD‐related seizures and for therapeutic innovation.
Semi‐supervised, knowledge‐integrated pattern learning approach for fact extraction from judicial text
Authors: Thomas Anu , Sangeetha Sivanesan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTremendous growth in the availability of judicial documents has demanded the rise of information extraction (IE) techniques that support the automatic extraction of relevant concepts or data from judicial texts. Among various approaches available for IE, ontology‐based IE has proven to be the most appropriate for extracting domain‐specific information from natural language text. Through this article, we propose a knowledge‐driven, semi‐supervised pattern‐based learning (bootstrapping) approach to extract domain‐specific facts from judicial text, starting with a small set of seed facts. In the semantic analysis of legal text, fact extraction is the next step to entity identification, which involves the identification of roles played by each entity in the judicial text. The proposed methodology learns extraction patterns for 12 classes of facts from the judicial text through the integration of the domain ontology called judicial case ontology (JCO). The experimental results were evaluated by human judges and found to be quite promising. One main feature of the proposed methodology is its portability across various domains (such as medical, banking, insurance, etc.) which in turn helps build expert systems in various sectors.
Contact stress analysis and fatigue life prediction of turbine disc–blade attachment with fir‐tree tenon structure
Authors: Yuan Rong , Liao Ding , Zhu Shun‐Peng , Yu Zheng‐Yong , Correia José , De Jesus Abilio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFir‐tree tenon structure, as a commonly used scheme in the connection of turbine blades and discs, plays a critical role in the reliability and integrity of aeroengine turbines. This work mainly deals with the contact and fatigue analyses of a turbine disc–blade attachment with fir‐tree tenon structure. Firstly, based on Hertz contact theory, a three‐dimensional (3D) model of surface‐to‐surface contact is established, and contact stress analysis is performed based on finite element (FE) simulations. The simulated contact stress distribution agrees well with the Hertz contact theory. Particularly, the rounding processing does not relieve the stress concentration. Then, contact stress analysis on the fir‐tree tenon structure is performed, and a stress gradient‐based model is utilized for fatigue life evaluation together with contact stress analysis. Results show that the proposed solution yields acceptable predictions compared with field estimations.
Intensive care nurses' experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Fernández‐Castillo Rafael‐Jesús , González‐Caro María‐Dolores , Fernández‐García Elena , Porcel‐Gálvez Ana‐María , Garnacho‐Montero José 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundBecause of the COVID‐19 pandemic, health care systems worldwide are working under challenging conditions. Patients, who are seriously ill, require intensive care admission. In fighting COVID‐19, nurses are frontline health care workers and, as such, have a great responsibility providing needed specialized patient care in intensive care units (ICU). However, working conditions and emotional factors have an impact on the quality of the care provided.AimThe purpose of the present study was to explore and describe the experiences and perceptions of nurses working in an ICU during the COVID‐19 global pandemic.Study designQualitative research was undertaken, using an empirical approach and inductive content analysis techniques.MethodsThe selected population consisted of ICU nurses from a tertiary teaching hospital in Spain. Data were obtained via semi‐structured videocall interviews from Apr 12th to Apr 30th, 2020. Subsequently, transcribed verbatims were analysed using the template analysis model of Brooks.FindingsA total of 17 nurses comprised the final sample after data saturation. Four main themes emerged from the analysis and 13 subthemes: “providing nursing care,” “psychosocial aspects and emotional lability,” “resources management and safety” and “professional relationships and fellowship.”ConclusionProviding health care by intensive care nursing professionals, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, has shown both strong and weak points in the health care system. Nursing care has been influenced by fear and isolation, making it hard to maintain the humanization of the health care.Relevance to clinical practiceImplications for practice include optimizing resource management (human and material), providing psychological support, and adequate training for ICU nurses, as well as high‐quality protocols for future emergency situations.
Microstructure Analysis and Reconstruction of a Meniscus
Authors: Zhu Shuang , Tong Ge , Xiang Jian‐ping , Qiu Shuai , Yao Zhi , Zhou Xiang , Lin Li‐jun 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of menicus microstructure and to reconstruct a microstructure‐mimicing 3D model of the menicus.MethodsHuman and sheep meniscus were collected and prepared for this study. Hematoxylin–eosin staining (HE) and Masson staining were conducted for histological analysis of the meniscus. For submicroscopic structure analysis, the meniscus was first freeze‐dried and then scanned by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The porosity of the meniscus was determined according to SEM images. A micro‐MRI was used to scan each meniscus, immersed in distilled water, and a 3D digital model was reconstructed afterwards. A three‐dimensional (3D) resin model was printed out based on the digital model. Before high‐resolution micro‐CT scanning, each meniscus was freeze‐dried. Then, micro‐scale two‐dimensional (2D) CT projection images were obtained. The porosity of the meniscus was calculated according to micro‐CT images. With micro‐CT, multiple 2D projection images were collected. A 3D digital model based on 2D CT pictures was also reconstructed. The 3D digital model was exported as STL format. A 3D resin model was printed by 3D printer based on the 3D digital model.ResultsAs revealed in the HE and Masson images, a meniscus is mostly composed of collagen, with a few cells disseminated between the collagen fiber bundles at the micro‐scale. The SEM image clearly shows the path of highly cross‐linked collagen fibers, and massive pores exist between the fibers. According to the SEM images, the porosity of the meniscus was 34.1% (34.1% ± 0.032%) and the diameters of the collagen fibers were varied. In addition, the cross‐linking pattern of the fibers was irregular. The scanning accuracy of micro‐MRI was 50 μm. The micro‐MRI demonstrated the outline of the meniscus, but the microstructure was obscure. The micro‐CT clearly displayed microfibers in the meniscus with a voxel size of 11.4 μm. The surface layer, lamellar layer, circumferential fibers, and radial fibers could be identified. The mean porosity of the meniscus according to micro‐CT images was 33.92% (33.92% ± 0.03%). Moreover, a 3D model of the microstructure based on the micro‐CT images was built. The microscale fibers could be displayed in the micro‐CT image and the reconstructed 3D digital model. In addition, a 3D resin model was printed out based on the 3D digital model.ConclusionIt is extremely difficult to artificially simulate the microstructure of the meniscus because of the irregularity of the diameter and cross‐linking pattern of fibers. The micro‐MRI images failed to demonstrate the meniscus microstructure. Freeze‐drying and micro‐CT scanning are effective methods for 3D microstructure reconstruction of the meniscus, which is an important step towards mechanically functional 3D‐printed meniscus grafts.
Practical approach to transfusion management of post‐partum haemorrhage
Authors: Frigo Maria Grazia , Agostini Vanessa , Brizzi Agostino , Ragusa Antonio , Svelato Alessandro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe transfusion management during post‐partum haemorrhage (PPH) and the usefulness of standard or point‐of‐care (POC) laboratory tests for guiding haemostatic management.BackgroundPPH is the leading cause of maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity worldwide. Despite the efforts made in recent years, PPH is often burdened by preventable death. Recent data from the active Italian Obstetric Surveillance System (ItOSS) highlighted the following main critical issues: inadequate communication between healthcare professionals, inability to correctly and promptly assess the severity of haemorrhage, delays in diagnosis and treatment, failure to request blood promptly and inappropriate monitoring post‐partum.Materials and MethodsData in the literature have been compared with the rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM)‐ and the thromboelastography (TEG)‐guided algorithms applied in the authors' departments.ResultsPPH transfusion therapy may have an empirical approach based on the standard use of blood products or a targeted approach based on coagulation monitoring by laboratory or POC tests. Here, the authors describe how they manage PPH in their departments, according to the Italian guidelines, along with the addition of a ROTEM‐ and a TEG‐guided algorithms developed by themselves.ConclusionAlthough the proposed algorithms have not been validated by trials or observational studies conducted in our departments, we believe that these indications could be useful for supporting clinical practice. Furthermore, we deem it appropriate to emphasise the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and the need for standardised and shared protocols to support the decisions of healthcare professionals.
Effects of shoulder distraction on canine shoulder arthroscopy
Authors: Aoki Koji , Sek Jun‐Yan , de Paula Freitas Fernando , Bates Miriam , Beaufrere Hugues 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the use of the Leipzig distractor during canine shoulder arthroscopy.Study designExperimental, ex vivo.Sample populationPaired shoulder joints from 15 large breed canine cadavers.MethodsStandard lateral shoulder arthroscopy was performed with or without the use of the Leipzig distractor (n = 15 each). Joint space width, procedure time, and visibility and palpability of the intra‐articular structures were assessed during the arthroscopy. After the arthroscopic evaluation, each shoulder joint was disarticulated to assess the area and number of iatrogenic articular cartilage injury (IACI) lesions. Sites around the distraction device were assessed for the presence of iatrogenic injury.ResultsWith shoulder distraction, median joint space width was 4 mm larger (P = .01), IACI area was 9.5 mm2 lower (P = .003), and there were two fewer total number of IACI lesions (P = .004) compared with nondistracted shoulders. The mean total surgery time was 93 seconds shorter (P = .01) in distracted shoulders. Although distraction was associated with increased visibility of the supraglenoid tubercle (P = .015), no significant differences were found for other intra‐articular structures for their visibility and palpability. Unexpected lesions at the sites around the distraction device were not encountered.ConclusionUse of the distraction device decreased the area and incidence of IACI lesions and shortened the arthroscopy time. However, no improvement was found in the visibility or palpability of the intra‐articular structures.Clinical significanceAlthough additional clinical studies are required to evaluate the effect of the distraction device on pathologic articular conditions and intraoperative manipulation, the use of a shoulder distraction device might improve the outcomes of shoulder arthroscopy by decreasing IACI and arthroscopy time.
Resilient and Secure Hardware Devices Using ASL
Authors: Alasad Qutaiba , Lin Jie , Yuan Jiann-Shuin , Fan Deliang , Awad Amro 
Published: January 2021

Due to the globalization of Integrated Circuit (IC) design in the semiconductor industry and the outsourcing of chip manufacturing, Third-Party Intellectual Properties (3PIPs) become vulnerable to IP piracy, reverse engineering, counterfeit IC, and hardware trojans. To thwart such attacks, ICs can be protected using logic encryption techniques. However, strong resilient techniques incur significant overheads. Side-channel attacks (SCAs) further complicate matters by introducing potential attacks post fabrication. One of the most severe SCAs is power analysis (PA) attacks, in which an attacker can observe the power variations of the device and analyze them to extract the secret key. PA attacks can be mitigated via adding large extra hardware; however, the overheads of such solutions can render them impractical, especially when there are power and area constraints.
All Spin Logic Device (ASLD) is one of the most promising spintronic devices due to its unique properties: small area, no spin-charge signal conversion, zero leakage current, non-volatile memory, high density, low operating voltage, and its compatibility with conventional CMOS technology. In this article, we extend the work in Reference [1] on the usage of ASLD to produce secure and resilient circuits that withstand IC attacks (during the fabrication) and PA attacks (after fabrication), including reverse engineering attacks. First, we show that ASLD has another unique feature: identical power dissipation through the switching operations, where such properties can be effectively used to prevent PA and IC attacks. We then evaluate the proposed ASLD-based on performance overheads and security guarantees.
Mildly Short Vectors in Cyclotomic Ideal Lattices in Quantum Polynomial Time
Authors: Cramer Ronald , Ducas Léo , Wesolowski Benjamin 
Published: January 2021

In this article, we study the geometry of units and ideals of cyclotomic rings and derive an algorithm to find a mildly short vector in any given cyclotomic ideal lattice in quantum polynomial time, under some plausible number-theoretic assumptions. More precisely, given an ideal lattice of the cyclotomic ring of conductor
m
, the algorithm finds an approximation of the shortest vector by a factor exp (Õ(√
m
)). This result exposes an unexpected hardness gap between these structured lattices and general lattices: The best known polynomial time generic lattice algorithms can only reach an approximation factor exp (Õ(m)). Following a recent series of attacks, these results call into question the hardness of various problems over structured lattices, such as Ideal-SVP and Ring-LWE, upon which relies the security of a number of cryptographic schemes.

N
OTE
. This article is an extended version of a conference paper [11]. The results are generalized to arbitrary cyclotomic fields. In particular, we also extend some results of Reference [10] to arbitrary cyclotomic fields. In addition, we prove the numerical stability of the method of Reference [10]. These extended results appeared in the Ph.D. dissertation of the third author [46].
E7386, a Selective Inhibitor of the Interaction between β-Catenin and CBP, Exerts Antitumor Activity in Tumor Models with Activated Canonical Wnt Signaling
Authors: Yamada Kazuhiko , Hori Yusaku , Inoue Satoshi , Yamamoto Yuji , Iso Kentaro , Kamiyama Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Atsumi , Kimura Takayuki , Uesugi Mai , Ito Junichi , Matsuki Masahiro , Nakamoto Kazutaka , Harada Hitoshi , Yoneda Naoki , Takemura Atsushi , Kushida Ikuo , Wakayama Naomi , Kubara Kenji , Kato Yu , Semba Taro , Yokoi Akira , Matsukura Masayuki , Odagami Takenao , Iwata Masao , Tsuruoka Akihiko , Uenaka Toshimitsu , Matsui Junji , Matsushima Tomohiro , Nomoto Kenichi , Kouji Hiroyuki , Owa Takashi , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Ozawa Yoichi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays crucial roles in embryonic development and the development of multiple types of cancer, and its aberrant activation provides cancer cells with escape mechanisms from immune checkpoint inhibitors. E7386, an orally active selective inhibitor of the interaction between β-catenin and CREB binding protein, which is part of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, disrupts the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in HEK293 and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)-mutated human gastric cancer ECC10 cells. It also inhibited tumor growth in an ECC10 xenograft model and suppressed polyp formation in the intestinal tract of ApcMin/+ mice, in which mutation of Apc activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. E7386 demonstrated antitumor activity against mouse mammary tumors developed in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-Wnt1 transgenic mice. Gene expression profiling using RNA sequencing data of MMTV-Wnt1 tumor tissue from mice treated with E7386 showed that E7386 downregulated genes in the hypoxia signaling pathway and immune responses related to the CCL2, and IHC analysis showed that E7386 induced infiltration of CD8+ cells into tumor tissues. Furthermore, E7386 showed synergistic antitumor activity against MMTV-Wnt1 tumor in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody. In conclusion, E7386 demonstrates clear antitumor activity via modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and alteration of the tumor and immune microenvironments, and its antitumor activity can be enhanced in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody.

Significance:
These findings demonstrate that the novel anticancer agent, E7386, modulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, altering the tumor immune microenvironment and exhibiting synergistic antitumor activity in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody.
Study on security risks of e-banking system
Authors: Mogos Gabriela , Mohd Jamail Nor Shahida 
Published: January 2021

<p>Online banking and other e-banking modes are a very convenient way to banking in terms of speed, convenience and delivery costs, but they have brought many risks alongside them. Online banking has created a new risk orientation and even new forms of risk. Technology plays an important role as both a source and a tool for risk control. The purpose of this research is to identify the security situation of the e-banking application and to analyze the risks and attacks that could occur to the customers that, although it’s an e-banking application attacks could happen. Several mitigations were mentioned to overcome attacks like, access control is to mitigate eavesdropping this means that, restricting access to sensitive data is mandatory. Another way to mitigate is, update and patch which is for SQL injection meaning, it's vital to apply patches and updates when it’s available. These attacks may attack the whole application or target an individual where private information is stolen or changed. This research also shows how to apply several more different protections measures to protect oneself and organization from being targets of cybercrime. </p>
Network loss reduction and voltage improvement by optimal placement and sizing of distributed generators with active and reactive power injection using fine-tuned PSO
Authors: Karunarathne Eshan , Pasupuleti Jagadeesh , Ekanayake Janaka , Almeida Dilini 
Published: January 2021

<span>Minimization of real power loss and improvement of voltage authenticity of the network are amongst the key issues confronting power systems owing to the heavy demand development problem, contingency of transmission and distribution lines and the financial costs. The distributed generators (DG) has become one of the strongest mitigating strategies for the network power loss and to optimize voltage reliability over integration of capacitor banks and network reconfiguration. This paper introduces an approach for the optimizing the placement and sizes of different types of DGs in radial distribution systems using a fine-tuned particle swarm optimization (PSO). The suggested approach is evaluated on IEEE 33, IEEE 69 and a real network in Malaysian Context. Simulation results demonstrate the productiveness of active and reactive power injection into the electric power system and the comparison depicts that the suggested fine-tuned PSO methodology could accomplish a significant reduction in network power loss than the other research works.</span>
Self-Powered All-Inorganic Perovskite Photodetectors with Fast Response Speed
Authors: Zhang Ting , Li Shibin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this manuscript, the inorganic perovskite CsPbI2Br and CsPbIBr2 are investigated as photoactive materials that offer higher stability than the organometal trihalide perovskite materials. The fabrication methods allow anti-solvent processing the CsPbIxBr3−x films, overcoming the poor film quality that always occur in a single-step solution process. The introduced diethyl ether in spin-coating process is demonstrated to be successful, and the effects of the anti-solvent on film quality are studied. The devices fabricated using the methods achieve high-performance, self-powered and the stabilized photodetectors show fast response speed. The results illustrate a great potential of all-inorganic CsPbIxBr3−x perovskites in visible photodetection and provide an effective way to achieve high performance devices with self-powered capability.