bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the seasonal and sub‐seasonal factors influencing East China tropical cyclone landfall
Authors: Sparks Nathan , Toumi Ralf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo date it has proved difficult to make seasonal forecasts of tropical cyclones, particularly for landfall and in East China specifically. This study examines sources of predictability for the number of landfalling typhoons in East China on seasonal (June–October) and sub‐seasonal time scales. East China landfall count is shown to be independent of basin‐scale properties of TC tracks, such the genesis location, duration, basin track direction and length, and basin total count. Large‐scale environmental climate indices which are potential basin scale drivers are also shown to be largely uncorrelated with landfall prior to and throughout the season. The most important factor is the steering in the final stages to landfall. The seasonal landfall is strongly anti‐correlated with the more local zonal mid‐tropospheric wind field over the East China sea (r = −.61, p < .001). It is proposed that geopotential height anomalies over Korea/Japan cause anomalous easterly winds in the East China Sea and enhance landfall rates by steering typhoons onto the coast. Early, peak, and late sub‐seasonal landfall counts are shown to be independent of each other yet share this predictor. This local feature may be dynamically predictable allowing a potential hybrid dynamical‐statistical seasonal forecast of landfall.
The Familial Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder with and without Intellectual Disability
Authors: Xie Sherlly , Karlsson Håkan , Dalman Christina , Widman Linnea , Rai Dheeraj , Gardner Renee M. , Magnusson Cecilia , Sandin Sven , Tabb Loni P. , Newschaffer Craig J. , Lee Brian K. 
Published: October 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heritable, yet how its familial risk and heritability may vary by cognitive ability is not well understood. In this population‐based cohort study, we examined the familial risk and heritability of ASD with and without co‐occurring intellectual disability (ID). We estimated odds ratios and heritability of ASD with ID (ASD+ID) and ASD without ID (ASD−ID) using register‐based diagnosis data of 567,436 index persons born in 1984–2009 in Stockholm County, Sweden, and their parents, siblings, cousins, aunts, and uncles. The familial risk profile exhibited differences between ASD−ID and ASD+ID, most notably for index persons with affected parents. For example, for an index person who had at least one parent with ASD, the child's odds of ASD−ID and ASD+ID (95% confidence interval (CI)) increased by 16.2 (14.2–18.6) and 7.4 (5.5–10.0) folds, respectively. The more closely related a family member with ASD was, the greater the observed risk was of ASD in the index person, especially for ASD−ID. The broad‐sense heritability (95% CI) for ASD − ID and ASD+ID were 64.6% (46.0–100.0%) and 33.4% (14.4–58.4%), respectively. Familial risk and heritability of ASD may vary by intellectual ability, which implies that risk factors between these ASD phenotypes may differ. Our findings from the heritability analysis and familial risk analysis suggest that ASD−ID may have a greater genetic basis than ASD+ID, although this should be verified in future studies.Lay SummaryAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly heritable, yet how its familial risk and heritability may vary by cognitive ability is not well‐understood. In a population‐based cohort study on families of 567,436 index persons using Swedish registers data, we found that the familial risk profile differed between ASD with and without intellectual disability. Our findings from the heritability analysis and familial risk analysis suggest that ASD−ID may have a greater genetic basis than ASD+ID, although this should be verified in future studies.
Can COVID‐19 cause severe neutropenia?
Authors: López‐Pereira Patricia , Iturrate Isabel , de La Cámara Rafael , Cardeñoso Laura , Alegre Adrián , Aguado Beatriz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis is the first case of acquired severe neutropenia in the context of COVID‐19 reported to date. This could illustrate another less frequent hematological disorder related to this novel viral infection.
Effects of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets and Al2O3Nanoparticles on CO2Uptake in Semi‐clathrate Hydrates
Authors: Hassan Hussein , Javidani Amir Mohammad , Mohammadi Abolfazl , Pahlavanzadeh Hassan , Abedi-Farizhendi Saeid , Mohammadi Amir H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGas hydrate/clathrate hydrate formation is an innovative method to trap CO2into hydrate cages under appropriate thermodynamic and/or kinetic conditions. Due to their excellent surface properties, nanoparticles can be utilized as hydrate kinetic promoters. Here, the kinetics of the CO2+ tetra‐n‐butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) semi‐clathrate hydrates system in the presence of two distinct nanofluid suspensions containing graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and Al2O3nanoparticles is evaluated. The results reveal that the kinetics of hydrate formation is inhibited by increasing the weight fraction of TBAB in aqueous solution. GO and Al2O3are the most effective kinetic promoters for hydrates of (CO2+ TBAB). Furthermore, the aqueous solutions of TBAB + GO or Al2O3noticeably increase the storage capacity compared to TBAB aqueous solution systems.
Use of the Weibull model on sizing thickeners ‐ Part I: Sedimentation curve representation
Authors: Ferreira Daniel José de Oliveira , Fiuza Matheus Pires de Mattos , Cardoso Marcelo , de Oliveira Idalmo Montenegro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present work aims to represent the sedimentation curve of different industrial pulps through the Weibull model PDF, which employs two parameters k and γ, dispensing the graphical methods to design thickeners and clarifiers, using exclusively mathematical equations. This provides greater accuracy and increases significantly the speed in sizing calculations. To ratify the use of the model, sedimentation curves of various types of pulps were generated in the laboratory, several types of curves were obtained through tests given in the literature and exhaustive comparison tests between the data obtained in the tests and those predicted by the model. The proposed model presented good data adjustment in relation to those obtained in several bibliographic references, presenting maximum error of 12%.
gauseR: Simple methods for fitting Lotka‐Volterra models describing Gause’s “Struggle for Existence”
Authors: Mühlbauer Lina K. , Schulze Maximilienne , Harpole W. Stanley , Clark Adam T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPoint 1: The ecological models of Alfred J. Lotka and Vito Volterra have had an enormous impact on ecology over the past century. Some of the earliest—and clearest—experimental tests of these models were famously conducted by Georgy Gause in the 1930s. Although well known, the data from these experiments are not widely available and are often difficult to analyze using standard statistical and computational tools.Point 2: Here, we introduce the gauseR package, a collection of tools for fitting Lotka‐Volterra models to time series data of one or more species. The package includes several methods for parameter estimation and optimization, and includes 42 datasets from Gause's species interaction experiments and related work. Additionally, we include with this paper a short blog post discussing the historical importance of these data and models, and an R vignette with a walk‐through introducing the package methods. The package is available for download at github.com/adamtclark/gauseR.Point 3: To demonstrate the package, we apply it to several classic experimental studies from Gause, as well as two other well‐known datasets on multi‐trophic dynamics on Isle Royale, and in spatially structured mite populations. In almost all cases, models fit observations closely and fitted parameter values make ecological sense.Point 4: Taken together, we hope that the methods, data, and analyses that we present here provide a simple and user‐friendly way to interact with complex ecological data. We are optimistic that these methods will be especially useful to students and educators who are studying ecological dynamics, as well as researchers who would like a fast tool for basic analyses.
Prognostic value of D‐dimer in acute myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyuan , Wang Shanjie , Sun Liping , Fang Shaohong , Yu Bo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsThe prevalence of heart failure (HF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is common. Contemporary data are lacking on the prognostic utility of the measurement of biomarker for patients with AMI complicated by HF according to preserved (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We aim to assess the association between D‐dimer levels and all‐cause mortality in patients with AMI complicated by different HF subtypes during hospitalization in the context of other risk factors.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 4495 patients with AMI with complete clinical and laboratory variable assessments in this cohort. D‐dimer levels were measured on admission immediately at baseline. We used Cox proportional hazards analysis to assess this association accounting for 18 relevant clinical variables. During the index hospitalization, 589 patients with AMI developed HFpEF, 513 patients with AMI developed HFrEF, and 3393 patients with AMI did not develop HF. The patients were divided into HFpEF, HFrEF, and non‐HF groups accordingly. The median length of follow‐up was 1 year (range: 1 to 24 months). During the whole follow‐up, 58 (15.5%), 107 (27.9%), and 96 (4.2%) of the patients experienced death event in HFpEF, HFrEF, and non‐HF groups, respectively. In each group, the patients were divided into high or low D‐dimer levels according to D‐dimer concentration (145 ng/mL). In the fully adjusted model, the risk of all‐cause mortality of those patients with high D‐dimer levels was 2.09 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.08 to 4.02, P = 0.02] times as high as the risk of patients with low D‐dimer levels in HFpEF group. When analysing D‐dimer as a continuous variable, this associations still existed. But there was no significant association between D‐dimer concentration and all‐cause mortality in HFrEF [hazard ratio (HR): 1.25, CI: 0.76 to 2.04, P = 0.37] or non‐HF (HR: 1.56, CI: 0.98 to 2.47, P = 0.06), respectively, after fully adjustment for other key clinical variables.ConclusionsHigh D‐dimer levels on admission were found to be strongly associated with the subsequent cumulative incidence of all‐cause mortality in patients with AMI complicated by HFpEF.
Recurrent bladder cancer in aging societies: Importance of major histocompatibility complex class I antigen presentation
Authors: Wieczorek Edyta , Garstka Malgorzata A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAging is associated with an insufficient immune response that may lead to the initiation and progression of various malignancies. Bladder cancer (BC), prevalent in elderly patients, predominantly presents as recurrent nonmuscle invasive BC that requires further treatment. There is much interest in the activation of patients' immune cells with the focus on CD8+ T cells. Successful therapy should also ensure the efficient presentation of BC antigens by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. The purpose of this systematic review is to present the existing literature on the role of MHC class I in BC research and therapy. The bibliographic databases PubMed and Web of Science were searched for articles published between January 2009 and September 2020 that addressed MHC class I relationship to BC. We searched for available relevant publications on MHC class I and its role and regulation in BC, aging and MHC class I importance in BC immunotherapy. Based on the provided evidence, we propose that the loss of MHC class I expression in BC may lead to its recurrence after the transurethral resection and unresponsiveness to Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin immunotherapy. We discuss different ways to enhance MHC class I antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells in BC treatment. The immune status characterized by MHC class I expression patterns and cancer‐infiltrating immune cells may provide valuable prognostic information about which patients may benefit from transurethral resection of BC and additional immunotherapy.
Structural and biochemical modifications of model and native membranes of human immune cells in response to the action of zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Czyżowska Agnieszka , Dyba Barbara , Rudolphi‐Szydło Elżbieta , Barbasz Anna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe development of nanotechnology has led to the increased production of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) and their application in a wide variety of everyday products. It creates the need for a full assessment of their safety for humans. The aim of the study was to assess the toxic effects of ZnO‐NPs on model human cells of the immune system: U‐937, HL‐60, HUT‐78, and COLO‐720L. Particular attention was paid to the direct interaction of the nanoparticles with membrane lipids and the role of zinc ions in the mechanism of their toxicity. Cell viability, lipid peroxidation, cell membrane integrity, and the amount of zinc ions released from nanoparticles were tested. Disruption in cell metabolism was noted for ZnO‐NPs concentrations from 6.25 mg/L. Contact with ZnO‐NPs caused lipid peroxidation of all cells and correlated with membrane disruption of HL‐60, HUT‐78, and COLO‐720L cells. Model monolayers (Langmuir technique) were used to assess the interaction of the nanoparticles with the studied lipids. Physicochemical parameters, such as the area per molecule at maximal layer compression, the pressure at which the monolayer collapses, and the static compression modulus, were calculated. The models of the HL‐60 and U‐937 cell membranes under ZnO‐NPs treatment reacted in a different way. It has also been shown that Zn2+ are not the main causative factor of ZnO‐NPs toxicity. Investigating the early stages of mechanism of nanoparticles toxicity will allow for a more complete risk assessment and development of methods for a safer synthesis of engineering nanomaterials.
Ultrastructural aspects of spermatogenesis in Calyptogena pacifica Dall 1891 (Vesicomyidae; Bivalvia)
Authors: Yurchenko Olga V. , Borzykh Oleg G. , Kalachev Alexander V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe process of spermatogenesis and spermatozoon morphology was characterized from a deep‐sea bivalve, Calyptogena pacifica (Vesicomyidae, Pliocardiinae), a member of the superfamily Glossoidea, using light and electron microscopy. Spermatogenesis in C. pacifica is generally similar to that in shallow‐water bivalves but, the development of spermatogenic cells in this species has also some distinguishing features. First proacrosomal vesicles are observed in early spermatocytes I. Although, early appearance of proacrosomal vesicles is well known for bivalves, in C. pacifica, these vesicles are associated with electron‐dense material, which is located outside the limiting membrane of the proacrosomal vesicles and disappears in late spermatids. Another feature of spermatogenesis in C. pacifica is the localization of the axoneme and flagellum development. Early spermatogenic cells lack typical flagellum, while in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and early spermatids, the axoneme is observed in the cytoplasm. In late spermatids, the axoneme is located along the nucleus, and the flagellum is oriented anteriorly. During sperm maturation, the bent flagellum is transformed into the typical posteriorly oriented tail. Spermatozoa of C. pacifica are of ect‐aqua sperm type with a bullet‐like head of about 5.8 μm in length and 1.8 μm in width, consisting of a well‐developed dome‐shaped acrosomal complex, an elongated barrel‐shaped nucleus filled with granular chromatin, and a midpiece with mainly four rounded mitochondria. A comparative analysis has shown a number of common traits in C. pacifica and Neotrapezium sublaevigatum.
Detection of HPV16/18 E6 Oncoproteins in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using a Protein Immunochromatographic Assay
Authors: Menegaldo Anna , Schroeder Lea , Holzinger Dana , Tirelli Giancarlo , Dal Cin Elisa , Tofanelli Margherita , Rigo Stefania , Mantovani Monica , Stellin Marco , Del Mistro Annarosa , Dei Tos Angelo P. , Guerriero Angela , Niero Monia , Borsetto Daniele , Da Mosto Maria C. , Polesel Jerry , Pawlita Michael , Waterboer Tim , Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe accurate diagnostic assessment of clinically relevant human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma represents an urgent unmet medical need. The aim of this study was to determine feasibility, accuracy, and clinical significance of HPV16/18 E6 oncoprotein detection on cytological specimens from oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and neck lymph node metastasis of SCC from unknown primary tumor (CUP) via a protein immunochromatographic assay.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsCytological specimens from primary tumor and neck metastases were collected from 34 patients with OPSCC or CUP and applied to a lateral flow format test that detects HPV16 and HPV18 E6 oncoproteins. E6 oncoprotein positivity or negativity in these specimens was compared to the specimens' “HPV‐driven” reference status, defined by presence of HPV‐DNA in combination with p16INK4a overexpression and/or HPV E6 seropositivity.ResultsEighteen of 29 OPSCC (62%) and three of five CUP (60%) were HPV‐driven according to our reference method. The E6 oncoprotein lateral flow test had a sensitivity of 94% (95% CI: 70%–100%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 66%–100%) on primary tumor, and a sensitivity of 88% (95% CI: 64%–99%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 74%–100%) on neck metastases. Test agreement between the E6 lateral flow test and the clinical reference method, HPV‐DNA plus p16INK4a was excellent, both for primary lesion and neck metastases.ConclusionsWe found the detection of HPV16/18 E6 oncoproteins to be a feasible, highly reliable, and low‐invasive method to assess “HPV‐driven” status in OPSCC and CUP.Level of EvidenceII Laryngoscope, 131:1042–1048, 2021
Impact of Particulate Matter on the Clinical Characteristics of Rhinitis
Authors: Kim Jin Youp , Lee Dong Su , Woo Hyun‐Joon , Kim Hyung Gu , Son Bu‐Soon , Park Moo Kyun , Hong Seung‐No 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the association between PM10 concentration and the severity of rhinitis symptoms.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the data of 590 participants prospectively enrolled in a regional population‐based cohort study was performed. The ambient PM10 concentrations were measured at 12 different observatories located in three cities. All participants were screened for allergic sensitization by skin prick tests and asked to complete questionnaires regarding their rhinitis symptoms. The severity and duration of rhinitis were analyzed and compared at different levels of PM10 concentration.ResultsOn multivariate analysis, the PM10 concentration significantly correlated with the severity of symptoms when adjusting for age, sex, presence of sensitized allergen, region, and the time of enrolment (β = 0.102, P = .021). Positive correlation was found between PM10 concentration and the duration of allergic rhinitis symptoms (β = 0.082, P = .077). In the stratified analysis on the atopic status, there was a significant correlation between PM10 concentration and the severity and duration of rhinitis symptoms in those without allergic sensitization (β = 0.104; P = .032 and β = 0.104; P = .011, respectively).ConclusionsThe significant correlation between the annual PM10 concentration and severity and duration of rhinitis symptoms suggests the necessity of intensive management of rhinitis patients exposed to elevated levels of ambient PM10 concentration.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E1753–E1759, 2021
Simple, once‐off mapping of various, recurrent immunostaining patterns of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in spermatogonia at the immature pole of the testis of adult wild‐caught blue shark, Prionace glauca: Correlations with changes in testicular status
Authors: McClusky Leon M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study was a single time‐point mapping of various immunostaining patterns revealed with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) PC10 antibody in spermatogonia at the immature pole of the testis of the Blue shark (Prionace glauca). Scattered in the stroma of the germinal ridge that demarcates the immature pole's outer boundary were nests of variously immunoreactive A‐spermatogonia, each flanked by a fusiform cell. Spermatocysts were assembled from niche‐derived stromal cells, displaced A‐progenitors, and their progeny, which showed one of two main immunostaining patterns (i.e., an uneven light brown/globular and homogeneous dark [hod] brown appearance). The testes of wild‐caught Prionace showed two conditions, namely, extensive multinucleate cell death (MNC) near the mitosis–meiosis transition or an early recovery phase from the latter showing vacuolated areas. Both the proportion of cysts with immature Bhod‐spermatogonia and the frequency of mitotic figures in such cysts in the early recovery testis condition were significantly higher than the comparable parameters in MNC testis condition. Moreover, the post‐MNC recovery phase revealed a decrease in the proportion of immature cysts with uneven light brown/globular‐like spermatogonia. The protracted spread of a cell cycle signal in an anatomically discrete, syncytially connected spermatogonial clone manifests as different PCNA immunoreactivities.
Airborne transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 via aerosols
Authors: Comber Laura , O Murchu Eamon , Drummond Linda , Carty Paul G. , Walsh Kieran A. , De Gascun Cillian F. , Connolly Máire A. , Smith Susan M. , O'Neill Michelle , Ryan Máirín , Harrington Patricia 
Published: October 2020

SummaryA key consideration in the Covid‐19 pandemic is the dominant modes of transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus. The objective of this review was to synthesise the evidence for the potential airborne transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 via aerosols. Systematic literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Europe PMC and National Health Service UK evidence up to 27 July 2020. A protocol was published and Cochrane guidance for rapid review methodology was adhered to throughout. Twenty‐eight studies were identified. Seven out of eight epidemiological studies suggest aerosol transmission may occur, with enclosed environments and poor ventilation noted as possible contextual factors. Ten of the 16 air sampling studies detected SARS‐CoV‐2 ribonucleic acid; however, only three of these studies attempted to culture the virus with one being successful in a limited number of samples. Two of four virological studies using artificially generated aerosols indicated that SARS‐CoV‐2 is viable in aerosols. The results of this review indicate there is inconclusive evidence regarding the viability and infectivity of SARS‐CoV‐2 in aerosols. Epidemiological studies suggest possible transmission, with contextual factors noted. Viral particles have been detected in air sampling studies with some evidence of clinical infectivity, and virological studies indicate these particles may represent live virus, adding further plausibility. However, there is uncertainty as to the nature and impact of aerosol transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2, and its relative contribution to the Covid‐19 pandemic compared with other modes of transmission.