bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for periprosthetic femoral fractures around total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Deng Yi , Kieser David , Wyatt Michael , Stringer Mark , Frampton Christopher , Hooper Gary 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeriprosthetic fractures are becoming increasingly common, often leading to poor patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with periprosthetic femoral fractures (PPFFx).MethodsTwo independent reviewers conducted a systematic review of the databases MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, from the earliest available date to December 2017. We included all clinical articles reporting more than 100 post‐operative PPFFx around total hip arthroplasty (THA). Outcomes included demographics, fracture type, risk factors and time to fracture.ResultsA total of 12 868 PPFFx were reported across 18 eligible studies; 64% occurred following primary THA and 36% occurred after revision THA, and 66% of all fractures were in females. Vancouver B2 fractures were the most common type (39%). We found the odds of sustaining a PPFFx is significantly lower after a primary THA compared to revision THA (odds ratio 0.31, 95% confidence interval 0.24–0.40, P < 0.00001). The incidence of PPFFx is 2.96 per 1000 person‐years following primary THA compared to 9.08 per 1000 person‐years following revision THA (odds ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.40). The time to fracture was 6.03 years following primary THA and 4.08 years following revision THA. Gender and cementation did not significantly affect the odds of fracture.ConclusionThe odds of sustaining a PPFFx following revision THA is three times greater compared to primary THA. Other risk factors including gender and cementation did not affect the odds of fracture.
Is there life after degeneration? The organizational life cycle of cooperatives under a ‘grow‐or‐die’ dichotomy
Authors: Bretos Ignacio , Errasti Anjel , Marcuello Carmen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article provides an in‐depth, longitudinal analysis combining real‐time and retrospective data on a set of Mondragon's industrial cooperatives that are organized as international groups. We examine the life cycle of these international cooperative groups, which is expected to evolve differently to that of small‐ and medium‐sized cooperatives that operate exclusively on a local scale. The article is theoretically informed by the cooperative life cycle theory, as well as by recent insights from the degeneration and regeneration theses. Our analysis yields an intricate picture of the evolution of cooperatives faced with a ‘grow‐or‐die’ dichotomy. On the one hand, our findings reject the highly simplistic and deterministic view of the degeneration thesis by demonstrating that these cooperatives can mobilize resources to revitalize cooperative values and practices. On the other, we find that regeneration may not occur in a consistent, sequential fashion as the previous literature suggests, but rather degenerative and regenerative tendencies can occur simultaneously, even leading to long‐lasting, unresolvable situations. In light of this, the article asks future research to draw on power‐aware and politically informed approaches for further understanding of how cooperatives manage the tensions at each organizational stage of their life cycle, and of which organizational actors benefit, and how, from reversing some degenerative tendencies while maintaining others intact.
Safety of first year vaccination in children born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease and exposed in utero to anti‐TNFα agents: a French nationwide population‐based cohort
Authors: Luu Maxime , Benzenine Eric , Barkun Alan , Doret Muriel , Michiels Christophe , Degand Thibault , Quantin Catherine , Bardou Marc 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundChildren born to mothers with IBD may be exposed to anti‐TNFα agents antenatally. Current European guidelines recommend postponing live vaccines until after 6 months of life in this population. Data on the safety of live vaccines administration in the first year of life of these children are sparse with one reported fatality following bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) administration.AimsTo describe the use and safety of vaccines administered in children born to mothers with IBD and exposed antenatally to anti‐TNFα agentsMethodsData from children born to mothers with IBD between 2013 and 2014 were collected retrospectively from the French Health Insurance Database. Vaccines recommended before or at 1 year of age were considered.ResultsAmong 4741 children, 670 (14.1%) were exposed to anti‐TNFα agents antenatally, with concomitant thiopurines in 16.0% (n = 107) and steroids in 19.3% (n = 214). Among these 670 children, 315 (47%) were exposed up to delivery. Exposed children were less likely than non‐exposed to receive BCG (88/670, 13.1% vs 780/4071, 19.2% respectively, P < .05) and received it later in life (months, mean ± SD, 4.3 ± 3.9 and 2.4 ± 2.9 respectively, P < .001). In exposed children, 64/88 (73%) received BCG vaccination before 6 months of age, but with no BCG‐related severe adverse event observed during the first year. Uptake of other vaccines recommended before 6 months was above 85% in both groups.ConclusionIn children exposed antenatally to anti‐TNFα agents, vaccinations are often not postponed in keeping with the recommendations, but no BCG‐related severe adverse events were reported in children vaccinated before 6 months of life.
Adverse events related to low dose corticosteroids in autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: van den Brand Floris F. , van der Veen Koen S. , Lissenberg‐Witte Birgit I. , de Boer Ynto S. , van Hoek Bart , Drenth Joost P. H. , Verdonk Robert C. , Vrolijk Jan M. , van Nieuwkerk Carin M. J. , Bouma Gerd ,   the Dutch Autoimmune Hepatitis Study Group
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundAutoimmune hepatitis requires long‐term therapy, and systemic corticosteroids are the backbone of therapeutic management. Prolonged use of corticosteroids may lead to adverse events but data from long‐term studies are mainly derived from studies in rheumatic diseases.AimTo assess cataract, diabetes and fractures in relation to corticosteroid doses in the long‐term maintenance treatment of patients with autoimmune hepatitis.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data on 476 patients (77% women) with an established diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Binary logistic regression with a generalised estimating equation was used to analyse the association between current corticosteroid use and the incidence of cataract, diabetes and fractures with onset after autoimmune hepatitis diagnosis. We corrected for sex, age, cirrhosis at diagnosis and predniso(lo)ne use in the prior 3 years to account for possible ongoing effects.ResultsA total of 6634 years, with a median of 13 (range 1‐40) per patient were recorded. The median age at diagnosis was 44 years (range 2‐88). Adverse events were documented in 120 (25%) patients. Low‐dose predniso(lo)ne (0.1‐5.0 mg/d) increased the odds of fractures whereas higher doses (>5.0 mg/d) increased the odds of cataracts and diabetes. Budesonide increased the odds of cataract and fractures; this effect was independent of predniso(lo)ne use in the prior 1, 2 or 3 years.ConclusionsEven low doses of corticosteroids frequently lead to substantial adverse events refuting the assumption that adverse events are prevented by administering low doses.
Cariprazine in the treatment of Bipolar Disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pinto Jairo Vinícius , Saraf Gayatri , Vigo Daniel , Keramatian Kamyar , Chakrabarty Trisha , Yatham Lakshmi N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesCariprazine is a partial agonist at D2/D3 receptors that has been approved for the treatment of mania associated with bipolar disorder (BD). This meta‐analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of cariprazine in the treatment of BD.MethodsRandomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of cariprazine in BD were included. Of the 391 studies yielded by search, 7 were included. The PRISMA protocol was followed and a set of analyses involving random‐effects model with restricted maximum‐likelihood estimator were used to synthesize effect sizes.ResultsCariprazine was associated with a moderate and significant reduction of manic symptoms based on YMRS change scores (SMD: −0.52; 95%CI: −0.82 to −0.21; P = .018). Cariprazine resulted in significantly higher remission (OR: 2.05; 95%CI: 1.61‐2.61; P = .006) and response rates (OR: 2.31; 95%CI: 1.35‐3.95; P = .021) for manic and mixed episodes compared with placebo. Both cariprazine 1.5 mg and 3 mg doses were associated with small but significant reduction in depressive symptoms assessed with MADRS scores (SMD: −0.26, 95%CI: −0.49 to −0.02; P = .040) (SMD: −0.21, 95%CI: −0.41 to −0.01; P = .045), respectively. Cariprazine was significantly associated with the development of adverse effects but not with dropouts due to these adverse effects, when compared to placebo.ConclusionCariprazine appears to be safe and efficacious in the treatment of acute mania and mixed episodes associated with BD. Cariprazine at doses of 1.5‐3 mg/day is efficacious in acute bipolar depression but the effect sizes were smaller. Controlled studies evaluating its efficacy for prophylaxis are needed.
Progress bias versus status quo bias in the ethics of emerging science and technology
Authors: Hofmann Bjørn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHow should we handle ethical issues related to emerging science and technology in a rational way? This is a crucial issue in our time. On the one hand, there is great optimism with respect to technology. On the other, there is pessimism. As both perspectives are based on scarce evidence, they may appear speculative and irrational. Against the pessimistic perspective to emerging technology, it has been forcefully argued that there is a status quo bias (SQB) fuelling irrational attitudes to emergent science and technology and greatly hampering useful development and implementation. Therefore, this article starts by analysing the SQB using human enhancement as a case study. It reveals that SQB may not be as prominent in restricting the implementation of emergent technologies as claimed in the ethics literature, because SQB (a) is fuelled by other and weaker drivers than those addressed in the literature, (b) is at best one amongst many drivers of attitudes towards emergent science and technology, and (c) may not be a particularly prominent driver of irrational decision‐making. While recognizing that SQB can be one driver behind pessimism, this article investigates other and counteracting forces that may be as strong as SQB. Progress bias is suggested as a generic term for the various drivers of unwarranted science and technology optimism. Based on this analysis, a test for avoiding or reducing this progress bias is proposed. Accordingly, we should recognize and avoid a broad range of biases in the assessment of emerging and existing science and technology in order to promote an open and transparent deliberation.
Visualizing Dynamics of Urban Regions Through a Geo‐Semantic Graph‐Based Method
Authors: Wang Yunzhe , Baciu George , Li Chenhui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn urban analysis, it is desirable to find regions where a primary socio‐economic activity dominates as a key endeavour. This can be accomplished by aggregating neighbouring locations where similar activities take place. However, people move and their activities change over time. Furthermore, the boundaries of regions are not stationary. Thus, it is challenging to update region divisions and track their evolution. Geo‐textual data embody geographical information and activity descriptions. We obtain changes in regional boundaries by iteratively applying a community detection process to a sequence of latent graphs that are constructed from geo‐textual data. Region characteristics are interpreted by topics learned by the latent Dirichlet allocation model. We also propose a matching algorithm to expose region transformations between different timestamps. Interesting patterns of evolution emerge after clustering the migration trajectories of region centroids. In our visual system, users can explore the evolution of regions through animations and linked snapshots. To facilitate visual comparisons, we represent regions by hexagonal tiling that better construct arbitrary regional shapes. The effectiveness of our method is evaluated on two case studies using real‐world datasets, and a user study shows that our visual analytics system is highly effective in performing studies on such regional maps.
Bedside approach in the diagnosis obstructive sleep apnea using postprandial oximetry testing: A comparative study with polysomnography
Authors: Sarıçam Ersin , Yalcinkaya Esin , Basay Nihal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionDue to the availability and cost issues in developing countries of polysomnography (PSG), there is a need for outpatient test for an initial assessment of the patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).ObjectivesEpworth sleepiness scale (ESS) is a widely used and best‐validated scale for assessing daytime sleepiness, including dozing when sitting quietly after a lunch (no alcohol). This study introduces a novel screen test called postprandial oximetry test (POT) used during daytime.MethodsThis single‐center prospective study included 101 patients (80 patients with suspected OSA and 21 patients without OSA suspicion). Berlin Questionnaire was used to determine the score/pretest probability of OSA patients, all chosen randomly. First, all the patients underwent POT in laboratory. Then we performed PSG. After lunch, while sleeping, the patients were monitored for 1 hour with pulse oximetry and standard electroencephalographic system. The oximetry saturation classification events with SpO2 was divided into two groups as normal or mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and moderate‐to‐severe OSAS. Below 90% SpO2 drops in a postprandial oximetry recordings were accepted as moderate‐to‐severe.ResultsThe mean lowest oxygen saturation in PSG was 82.34 ± 5.99, while it in POT were 87.42 ± 1.39. A positive correlation was found between POT‐ and PSG‐derived Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index (AHIs). The sensitivity and specificity in postprandial oximetry were 85% and 85.7%, respectively. The accuracy was 0.903 for POT.ConclusionPOT may be useful as an outpatient test in the initial assessment of the patients with suspected OSA, serving as a gatekeeper for PSG.
Costarting sitagliptin with metformin is associated with a lower likelihood of disease progression in newly treated people with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study
Authors: Campbell S. A. , Light P. E. , Simpson S. H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo examine whether early addition of sitagliptin to metformin is associated with a delay in type 2 diabetes progression.MethodsAdministrative health records from Alberta, Canada, for the period April 2008 to March 2015, were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study in new metformin users. People who started sitagliptin on the same day they initiated metformin therapy were compared with those who added sitagliptin later. Insulin initiation served as a surrogate marker for diabetes progression, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association with sitagliptin addition (costart vs later use). A mixed‐effects linear regression model was used to examine the effect of timing of sitagliptin addition on HbA1c change over 1 year.ResultsThe mean (sd) age of the 8764 people who used sitagliptin was 52.1 (11.1) years, 5665 (64.6%) were men, and 1153 (13.2%) started sitagliptin on the same day as metformin. Insulin was added to the therapy of 173 (15.0%) costarters and 1453 (19.1%) later sitagliptin users. The adjusted odds ratio for adding insulin was 0.76 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.90) in favour of costarting sitagliptin. HbA1c levels decreased in both groups 1 year after starting sitagliptin, with costarters having a significantly greater reduction [absolute between‐group difference of 0.5% (95% CI 0.3 to 0.7)] compared with later sitagliptin users.ConclusionCostarting drug therapy with sitagliptin and metformin was associated with a lower likelihood of disease progression in people with type 2 diabetes compared with adding sitagliptin later.
A novel exploration of the support needs of people initiating insulin pump therapy using a social network approach: a longitudinal mixed‐methods study
Authors: Reidy C. , Foster C. , Rogers A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo establish what practical and emotional means of support are required on initiation of insulin pump therapy and how needs change over time, using GENIE, a social network intervention.MethodsThe study's longitudinal design used semi‐structured interviews, surveys (PAID, CLARKE) and HbA1c values at time of pump initiation, and at 3 and 6 months. Interviews used GENIE to capture participants’ expectations and experiences of pump therapy and associated support and resources. Thematic analysis was used with sequential, time‐ordered matrices.ResultsA total of 16 adults undertook 47 interviews. A total of 94 services, resources and activities were acquired, while tally, frequency and value of network members increased over time. The novelty of pump therapy impacted on participants’ self‐management needs. Key themes included: 1) the independent nature of managing diabetes; 2) overcoming the challenges and illness burden associated with pump use; 3) the need for responsive and tailored emotional and practical support; and 4) useful resources when incorporating pump therapy. GENIE was thought to be novel and beneficial.ConclusionsA social network approach determined what resources and support people with diabetes require when incorporating a new health technology. Visualisation of support networks using concentric circles enabled people to consider and mobilise support and engage in new activities as their needs changed. The novelty of pump therapy creates new illness‐related work, but mobilisation of personally valued flexible, tailored support can improve the process of adaptation.
Species range shifts along multistressor mosaics in estuarine environments under future climate
Authors: Lauchlan Shannon S. , Nagelkerken Ivan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRange shifts are a key mechanism that species employ in response to climate change. Increasing global temperatures are driving species redistributions to cooler areas along three main spatial axes: increasing latitudes, altitudes and water depths. Climate‐mediated range shift theory focuses on temperature as the primary ecological driver, but global change alters other environmental factors as well, and these rarely work in isolation. Ecosystems are often characterized as mosaics of overlapping environmental stressors, resulting in temporal and spatial heterogeneity which differs between stable, low complexity mosaics (e.g. open ocean) and highly variable, highly complex mosaic environments (e.g. estuaries). We propose a multistressor mosaic of climate‐mediated species range shift across abiotic environmental gradients, typical for mobile species (e.g. fish) in variable coastal environments. We conceptualize how climate‐driven changes in salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH can drive redistribution of estuarine species in a future world. Non‐thermal drivers are a critical component of species range shifts and when not considered, underestimate the impact of global change on species populations and ecosystem services.
Multi‐scale integration of tree recruitment and range dynamics in a changing climate
Authors: Copenhaver‐Parry Paige E. , Carroll Charles J. W. , Martin Patrick H. , Talluto Matthew V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThe rate and magnitude of climate‐induced tree range shifts may be influenced by range‐wide variation in recruitment, which acts as a bottleneck in tree range dynamics. Here, we compare range predictions made using standard species distribution models (SDMs) and an integrated metamodelling approach that assimilates data on adult occurrence, seedling recruitment dynamics, and seedling survival under both current and future climate, and evaluate the degree to which information provided by seedling data can improve predictions of range dynamics.LocationThe interior west region of the United States.Time period1990–2015.Major taxa studiedFive widespread conifer tree species.MethodsWe used a previously published metamodelling framework to combine information from SDMs of adult tree occurrence and sub‐models describing seedling recruitment dynamics and seedling survival into a single set of predictions for the probability of occurrence for each species. The integrated framework links sub‐models to a SDM to generate cohesive predictions that consider information and uncertainty contained in all datasets. We then compared predictions from the integrated model to SDM predictions.ResultsIntegration of seedling information served primarily to improve characterization of model uncertainty, particularly in regions where recruitment may be limited by temperatures that exceed seedling tolerance. Integration constrained response curves very slightly across most climate gradients, particularly across temperature gradients. These differences were primarily attributable to the isolated effects of temperature on seedling survival and not to recruitment dynamics.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that range‐wide variation in recruitment both now and in the future is most uncertain along the edges of occupied regions, which increases uncertainty in projections of future species occurrence along range margins. Overall, the broad‐scale climatic dependence of the regeneration niche appears weaker than that of the adult climatic niche, and this enhances uncertainty in predicting range‐wide responses of these species to climate change.
Is Helicobacter pylori associated with Behçet's syndrome? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Ye , Yao Xin , Liang Junyu , Lu Chao , Yan Tianlian , Lin Jin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPreceding studies have reported the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) and Behçet's syndrome (BS), but there still exists controversy. In this study, we firstly conducted a meta‐analysis to clarify the relationship of these two diseases.MethodsArticles published until July 1, 2019, in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases with restriction of English‐language studies were searched and reviewed. According to the inclusion criteria, relevant statistical data were extracted and analyzed.ResultsSix articles were finally included. The result showed that BS individuals were 1.39 times more susceptible to H pylori infection (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = (1.03, 1.87)). In addition, it found that oral ulceration (OR = 27.98, 95% CI = (3.49, 224.49)), genital ulceration (OR = 3.15, 95% CI = (1.51, 6.56)), and cutaneous lesions (OR = 4.29, 95% CI = (2.14, 8.61)) were alleviated after H pylori eradication. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis showed no statistical heterogeneity.ConclusionsBS patients had higher rate of H pylori infection, and clinical symptoms including oral ulceration, genital ulceration, and cutaneous lesions can be improved after H pylori eradication. The results indicated that H pylori may be an etiological factor to BS.