bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEGATIVE INVERSION IN STANDARD ENGLISH
Authors: Muñoz Martín Lucía 
Published: August 2020

This paper takes a descriptive approach to several properties of Negative Inversion (NI) in Standard English found controversial in prescriptive writings, comparing what has been previously written in the literature with real native English speakers’ grammaticality judgements gathered via a questionnaire. These topics include the disagreement on the optionality of subject-auxiliary (subj-aux) inversion, the different approaches to an accurate syntax analysis, whether NI behaves as a Root Phenomenon (RT) or not, and the inaccurate classification of Only Inversion as a subtype of NI.
الأساس القانوني لإجراءاتِ مكافحة فيروس كورونا (COVID-19) ومواجهة آثارِهِ
Authors: Khalil Ibrahim Issam Ibrahim 
Published: August 2020

تناول هذا البحث موضوع الأساس القانوني لإجراءاتِ مكافحة فيروس كورونا COVID-19 ومواجهة آثارِهِ. وقد قسم البحث إلى مبحثين، الأول بعنوان ماهية الظروف الصحية الاستثنائية؛ حيث تبين أن الحق في الصحة يفرض على الحكومات التزامًا بوقاية أفراد المجتمع من الأمراض المعدية. كما أن الأخطار التي خلقها الفيروس تشكل ظروفًا استثنائية صحية؛ ونظرًا لكون الفيروس لا تتوقف آثاره على دولة معينة، بل تتعدى إلى جميع دول العالم، الأمر الذي يفرض على الدول ضرورة التعاون الدولي في مكافحته ومواجهة آثاره. وتناول المبحث الثاني الطبيعة القانونية لإجراءات مكافحة الفيروس ومواجهة آثاره.
وقد انتهى البحث إلى أنه على الحكومات عند إدارة الظروف الاستثنائية الصحية الالتزام بحدود المشروعية الدستورية والقانونية. وهناك طريقان انتهجتهما الدول لمكافحة آثار الفيروس، الأول الحصول على التفويض التشريعي، أو إعلان نظام الظروف الاستثنائية. والثاني تطبيق القوانين العادية، وخاصة قانون الصحة العامة. وقد تبين أن الطريقين صحيحان من الناحية الدستورية والقانونية. ولكن التفويض التشريعي هو أفضل خيار دستوري يساعد الحكومات على الإدارة القانونية للأزمات، ويضفي المشروعية على قراراتها؛ حيث تبين أن بعض القرارات التي اتخذتها الحكومات تحتاج لإصدارها أن يكون لديها سلطات قانونية أكثر، مثل زيادة العقوبات على مخالفي إجراءات الحد من الفيروس عن حدها الوارد بقانون العقوبات أو قانون الصحة العامة.
PERENCANAAN SISTEM MONITORING KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI SECARA ONLINE (monitoring secara online sesuai metode World Meteorological Organization)
Authors: Indriatmoko Robertus Haryoto 
Published: August 2020

Penerapan teknologi untuk memantau kualitas air secara online adalah sebuah aplikasi yang menawarkan teknologi canggih untuk mengatasi kelemahan atau kekurangan sistem pemantauan secara manual. Implementasi sistem ini di lapangan akan dapat mengurangi kelemahan dalam memantau kualitas air sungai secara manual dalam: 1). waktu sebenarnya. 2). Posisi sebenarnya 3). cepat. 4). Terus menerus selama 24 jam. 5). Bisa mengukur kualitas air sungai secara bersamaan. 6). secara otomatis. 7). Interaktif. Memiliki sistem pemantauan dengan pemantauan kualitas air seperti kondisi ideal sistem pemantauan. Kehadiran sistem ini dapat memberikan banyak manfaat bagi pembangunan, terutama dalam memberikan peringatan dini terhadap kesejahteraan manusia. Kelebihan sistem yang dirancang didasarkan pada dua bagian yang sangat penting: 1). Perancangan sistem pemantauan (perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras) dan 2). Pemantauan kendaraan (hard ware). Makalah ini ditulis secara khusus untuk membahas disain sisi kedua yang mengambang untuk dipantau, yaitu dengan mengaplikasikan float serta cara memasang sistem di sungai. Dengan menerapkan sistem pemantauan di lapangan diharapkan dapat memperhatikan aspek mutlak pemantauan kualitas air secara online sambil memenuhi metodologi yang tepat dalam melakukan pengambilan sampel kualitas air sungai sesuai dengan Organisasi Meteorologi Dunia.Â kata kunci : WMO, wahana apung, monitoring online, logger, sensorÂ
EVALUASI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) GEDUNG PERKANTORAN X DI JAKARTA
Authors: Arifudin Arifudin , Setiyono Setiyono 
Published: August 2020

Gedung perkantoran X di Jakarta dalam mengolah air limbah telah memiliki sarana pengolahan air limbah berupa IPAL dengan menggunakan teknologi lumpur aktif dan proses biofilter serta penambahan disinfektan untuk membunuh mikroorganisme. Seiring berjalannya waktu kondisi operasional IPAL kurang optimal dan sudah tidak berfungsi dengan baik sehingga air olahan IPAL tidak memenuhi baku mutu air limbah domestik sehingga perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap IPAL yang ada. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah melakukan evaluasi kinerja dari IPAL Gedung Perkantoran X. Dari hasil survei dilapangan menunjukan bahwa beberapa unit operasi IPAL seperti airlive, scum skemer dan media tumbuh mikroorganisme pengurai polutan (sarang tawon) tidak berfungsi dengan baik. Hal ini disebabkan karena media tersebut tersumbat oleh lumpur sehingga sistem tidak beroperasi dengan baik. Berdasarkan hasil analisa dilaboratorium nilai BOD, COD dan jumlah total coliform masih diatas baku mutu air limbah domestik yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 35 mg/L, 103,5 mg/L dan 3 x 107 Jumlah/100 ml Kata Kunci : Limbah domestik, lumpur aktif, biofilter
JAMUR TIRAM (Pleurotus ostreatus) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN REHABILITASI LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Tjokrokusumo Donowati 
Published: August 2020

Oyster mushroom as a source of nutritious food and medicinal source is known since Chow Dynasti in China.However, its potential for environmental rehabilitation as known as mycorestoration is being investigatedby Paul Stamets in 2005. If oyster mushroom can control the world that could support from the smallestthings as food becoming bigger roles in the future, such as poverty eradication, improving soil fertility, andrehabilitating environmental condition, degrading toxic pollutant, protecting human health from diseases,and helping community to integrate complex waste recycle, so oyster mushroom is emerging as a strongcommodity to improve our welfare. This paper is trying to promote the role of oyster mushroom to provideits strength for both as nutrious food and medicinal source, and also for its ability to restore degraded soilfertility, and improving to remediate contaminated soils. In line with those things, and the most importantfor the people of Indonesia is trying to help increase their income through promoting mushroom cultivation,because Indonesia has a hugh potential for lignocelluslose materials and agricultural waste, and then itsspent mushroom can be used for animal feed and soil amelioration and soil remediation. Based on theStamet investigation this spent mushroom can be used for environmental rehabilitation of toxic pollutantssuch as PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenils), PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon), Azo dyes, and otherpersistent organic pollutants (POPâ€™s).Key words:Â Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, mycorestoration, soil remediation, environmentalrehabilitation.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH DAGING BUAH PALA TUA DI MALUKU
Authors: Dumadi Suryatmi Retno 
Published: August 2020

It was until the end of 2007, the meat of nutmeg was abandoned near the trees, in Mollucas Islands, especially in Ambon island and Banda island. The nutmeg meat was considered as waste of nutmeg agribusiness.Â An effort to make the waste become a valuable product had been done. It was used as the raw material of nutmeg syroop which gives added value to nutmeg and benefi t to those who drink it.Â The process and apparatus to make the syroop were simple, it begin with extraction of nutmeg meat, sterilization of the syroop container, mixing the extract with sugar, bottling, labeling. With the ratio of extracted juice to sugar 1:1, the product have good taste and fl avor, which was preferred by panels. The syroop produced contained vitamine C 1,22% and reduced sugar of 25,35%. Financial analysis showed the profi t of this product was Rp.10.000,- per bottle and could be increased by expanding market and production.Keywords : Waste of nutmeg, abandoned, added value, extracted juice, syroop, profi t, market, taste, flavor
PEMBENIHAN DAN AKLIMATISASI PADA SISTEM ANAEROBIK
Authors: Indriyati Indriyati 
Published: August 2020

Seeding in Fixed Bed anaerobic reactor are infl uenced by several condition such as the growth rate total population of microbial, bacterial adaption to infl uent and the retention ofÂ biomass in reactor. The aim of this observation is to fi nd out the seeding and acclimation process in anaerobic process by using plastic as support material. Seeding and acclimatization process run smoothly can be seen from the increasing of infl uent or substrate and following by the increasing degradation of soluble COD, beside that the decreasing of VSS concentration indicates that microorganism are all ready fi x in support material, therefore reactor can be operated continuously and the acclimatization process can be stopped.Keywords : anaerobic seeding, acclimation anaerobic process
STATUS PEMANFAATAN PERIKANAN KEPITING MERAH (Scylla olivacea) DI PERAIRAN MIMIKA DAN SEKITARNYA, PAPUA
Authors: Pane Andina Ramadhani Putri , Alnanda Reza , Suman Ali 
Published: August 2020

Red mud crab (Scylla olivacea) is an economic commodity that is traded into foreign countries such as China, Malaysia, and Singapore so that fishing activities are carried out intensively. Therefore, we need scientific information about the status of red mud crab fishery stock. Information about the natural mortality, fishing mortality, and the exploitation level of crabs can be used as the basis for crab fisheries management. The study was conducted for 2 (two) years, February to October 2017, and March to December 2018 using the survey method. The results showed that 36% of the crabs were caught below the 120 mm size as regulated in Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries No. 12 Year 2020. The carapace width of the first capture (CWc) is smaller than the size of the carapace width of the first gonad maturity (CWm). This shows that the crab has been captured before the first gonad maturity (CWc < CWm). The growth rate (K) is 0.65 per year with fishing mortality (F) higher than natural mortality (M). Exploitation level (E) 0.70 which indicates that the status fisheries of red mud crab in Mimika have been overexploited. Efforts need to be done by the Regional Government in collaboration with local community leaders in providing counseling and information about the size of red mud crabs that can be caught and reduce efforts to use crabs by as much as 40% of what is currently done.
Keywords: status explotation, red mud crabs, Mimika, FMA 718
The distance variation due to mass transfer and mass loss in (13.6+8) Mand (13+10) M binary star systems
Authors: Abdulameer Mohammed R. 
Published: August 2020

In this research the change in the distance of the two stars in two binary star systems (13.6+8)M8and (13+10)M8 was studied, through the calculations the value (rate of mass transfer) of the two phases of dynamical stages of mass which are mass loss and mass transfer has been extracted in its own way ,by extracting the value of the value of (the distance variation between the two stars) has been found only in the mass transfer stage by using mathematical model ,in mass loss stage and were calculated from the change and the difference between the values of each at different times of binary star system evolution ,it was found that the maximum values of and are in mass transfer state in binary star system , in other words the maximum values of depend on the mass transfer between the two component stars of the binary star system.
Simulation of indoor solar illumination system for a library hall in Baghdad city
Authors: Maliek Hisham A. 
Published: August 2020

A concept of indoor solar illumination is described and simulated. The solar illumination system is composed of a tracking primary reflector, a selective secondary reflector, a visible light guide and a scattering solid glass tube fixture. Each part of the solar illumination system is optically suited and compatible with other parts to realize high efficiency. The simulation is conducted for Baghdad city for a library hall. Two major days over a year are chosen to investigate the illumination system for acceptable visible light level for reading hall. The two days are: summer solstice day and winter solstice day at 8:00 AM and 12:00 PM for each. Research results showed that the design of the solar system is achieved on the base of minimum solar illuminance level at the starting day for office work at 8:00 AM on 21 December. Aluminum coated dish is the preferred comparing with silver coated dish which their solar illuminance for one meter dish diameter are so close for reading hall visible light level. Their values are 538Lux for Aluminum and 589Lux for Silver.
Determining the concentrations of radon and the rate of annual effective dose in some types of drinking water available in the Iraqi markets
Authors: Al-Hamidawi Ali A. 
Published: August 2020

In this research, radon concentrations in some types of healthy drinking water samples available in Iraq's market were measured using a technique called Durridge RAD-7-H2O with closed loop. Then the rate of annual effective dose in human taken this water is determined.
It was found that, radon concentrations in studied samples ranged between 1.2 Bq.m-3 to 142 Bq.m-3. The results of the radon concentrations and the rate of annual effective dose for drinking water samples were significantly lower than the USEPA and WHO recommended limits that equal 500 Bq/m3 and 1 mSv/y respectively.
Comparison study of CC and CH vibration frequencies and eelectronic properties for mono, Di, Tri, and tetra-rings layer of arm chair (SWCNTs)
Authors: Al-Ani Huda N. 
Published: August 2020

Semi-empirical methods were applied for calculating the vibration frequencies and IR absorption intensities for normal coordinates of the {mono (C56H28), di (C84H28), tri (C112H28) and tetra (C140H28)} -rings layer for (7,7) armchair single wall carbon nanotube at their equilibrium geometries which were all found to have D7d symmetry point group.
Assignment of the modes of vibration (3N-6) was done depending on the pictures of their modes by applying (Gaussian 03) program. Comparison of the vibration frequencies of (mono, di, tri and tetra) rings layer which are active in IR, and inactive in Ramman spectra. For C-H stretching vibrations, the results showed that vibration frequencies value increased with increased of length nano tube (rings layer SWCNT).
The results include the relation for axial bonds, which are the vertical C-C bonds (annular bonds) in the rings and for circumferential bonds which are the outer ring bonds. Also include the assignment of puckering, breathing and clock-anticlockwise bending vibrations. They allow a comparative view of the charge density at the carbon atom too.
Effect of green colour on glass quality
Authors: M.Al-azzawi Shatha S. 
Published: August 2020

The study of green colour in glass has a special importance on the glass quality, specially the effect of ferrous oxides content of the limestone. Results obtained that there was a reduction in green colour when different ferrous oxide contents in the limestone were added in glass production, limestone sources from two quarries, and the first contains 0.67% ferrous oxide and the second posses less ferrous oxide.
Reduction of green colour showed higher transmittance12% and it could be suggested that reduction of ferrous oxides content in the limestone is of special importance on the optical properties of glass.
A Study of the Spectroscopic Performance of Laser Produced CdTe(x):S(1-x) Plasma
Authors: Aadim Kadhim Abdulwahid 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work, the plasma parameters (electron temperature (Te), electron density( ne), plasma frequency (fp) and Debye length (λD)) have been studied by using the spectrometer that collect the spectrum of Laser produce CdTe(X):S(1-X) plasma at X=0.5 with different energies. The results of electron temperature for CdTe range 0.758-0.768 eV also the electron density 3.648 1018 – 4.560 1018 cm-3 have been measured under vacuum reaching 2.5 10-2 mbar .Optical properties of CdTe:S were determined through the optical transmission method using ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer within the range 190 – 1100 nm.
Characterization of Zinc oxide Nanostructures prepared by hydrothermal method with Antibacterial property
Authors: Ali Ibrahim abdulkareem 
Published: August 2020

In this study, Zinc oxide nanostructures were synthesized via a hydrothermal method by using zinc nitrate hexahydrate and sodium hydroxide as a precursor. Three different annealing temperatures were used to study their effect on ZnO NSs properties. The synthesized nanostructure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Atomic force microscope (AFM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Their optical properties were studied by using UV -visible spectroscopy. The XRD analysis confirms that all ZnO nanostructures have the hexagonal wurtzite structure with average crystallite size within the range of (30.59 - 34.52) nm. The crystallite size increased due to the incensement of annealing temperature. FESEM analysis indicates that ZnO has hexagonal shape of cylindrical pores, plate-like nanocrystals and Nanorods. AFM analysis shows that the average surface roughness of ZnO Nanostructures increases from 3.96 to 19.1 nm with the increase of annealing temperature. The FTIR peaks indicate successful preparation of ZnO Nanostructures. The FTIR method was used to analyses the chemical bonds which conformed the present of the Zn-O group in the region between (400-500) cm-1. The UV-visible showed a red shift in the absorption spectra related to the shift in the energy gap related to increase in the particle size. the band gap energy has been calculated from the optical absorption spectra. The annealing process has been fond more effective on the value of energy gap. As the annealing temperature increases, the value of energy gap, increases as well; from (3.12to 3.22) eV. The prepared Nanostructure is used for antibacterial property. It shows strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P.aeuruginosa bacteria by the agar disc diffusion method. The white precipitate of ZnO NSs has superior antibacterial activity on gram-positive (S. aureus) than the gram-negative (P.aeuruginosa) bacteria.
Gas Sensing of (SnO2)1-x(ZnO)x Composite Associating with Electrical Properties
Authors: Yas Dunia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Semiconductor-based gas sensors were prepared, that use n-type tin oxide (SnO2) and tin oxide: zinc oxide composite (SnO2)1-x(ZnO)x at different x ratios using pulse laser deposition at room temperature. The prepared thin films were examined to reach the optimum conditions for gas sensing applications, namely X-ray diffraction, Hall effect measurements, and direct current conductivity. It was found that the optimum crystallinity and maximum electron density, corresponding to the minimum charge carrier mobility, appeared at 10% ZnO ratio. This ratio appeared has the optimum NO2 gas sensitivity for 5% gas concentration at 300 °C working temperature.
Rancang Bangun Penampung Sampah Laut Portable (PSP) dan Uji Solar Panel untuk Mengurangi Sampah Laut
Authors: Siboro Amanda T , Siahaan Feby Angelin Garizi , Simanjuntak Sarnaen , Lubis Muhammad Zainuddin Zainuddin 
Published: August 2020

Sampah laut adalah sampah hasil pembuangan yang dihasilkan oleh manusia yang terbuang ke lingkungan pesisir dan laut. Keberagaman aktivitas manusia yang tersebar dimana saja dapat menjadi sumber sampah. Sumber ini dapat berlokasi di laut, sepanjang pesisir, maupun daerah pedalaman. Sampah - sampah ini berpindah dari satu tempat ke tempat lain dalam jarak yang jauh dan dapat memasuki habitat laut. Akumulasi dari sampah laut, tentunya dapat mempengaruhi habitat makhluk hidup, fungsi ekologikal organisme, dan juga dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji kinerja prototipe penampung sampah laut portable (PSP) dalam mengurangi jumlah sampah laut. Metode pengujian yang digunakan yaitu mengukur dan membandingkan volume sampah laut yang diperoleh dalam beberapa waktu pengujian dengan jumlah keseluruhan rerata harian sampah laut pada daerah uji coba yaitu Perairan Punggur, mengidentifikasi ukuran dan jenis bahan sampah yang tertampung, menguji ketahanan prototipe dengan berat sampah berbeda, mengukur luas cakupan area yang dapat dijangkau oleh prototipe, sekaligus dilakukan juga identifikasi parameter oseanografi yang ada pada daerah uji untuk melihat pengaruh parameter oseanografi terhadap kinerja prototipe. Dimana dari hasil pengujian, diketahui bahwa lamanya prototipe dapat bekerja dalam kondisi baterai optimal adalah 1 - 3 jam, dengan kecepatan motor 2800 rpm, berat maksimum yang dapat ditampung oleh prototipe adalah 1 – 4 kg. Parameter oseanografi yang teridentifikasi yaitu kecepatan arus 0.7 m/s. Hasil uji lapangan juga menunjukkan parameter oseanografi juga berpengaruh dalam keefektifan kinerja prototipe.

Kata kunci: Rancang bangun, sampah laut, penampung sampah laut portable, oseanografi
RANCANG BANGUN OWNCLOUD DAN MELINDUNGINYA TERHADAP SERANGAN DDOS
Authors: Arman Molavi , Inayatullah Inayatullah 
Published: August 2020

Layanan penyimpanan menggunakan Google Drive ataupun DropBox merupakan layanan yang digunakan secara cuma-cuma di internet, sebagai besar menggunakan teknologi Cloud Computing. Hal ini berarti layanan pada Cloud Computing dapat disediakan dengan cepat dan meminimalisir interaksi dengan penyedia layanan vendor/provider Cloud Computing. Tempat penyimpanan data yang sering menjadi kendala yang bersifat pribadi ataupun pekerjaan, seringkali menyulitkan dalam mengakses. Gangguan keamanan dari aktifitas jaringan seperti Denial of Service dan infeksi virus yang cukup beragam. Kesulitan berbagi data dengan inipun menjadi kendala terutama menyeting batas waktu dokumen yang dibagikan, dengan siapa saja dokumen dibagikan dan hak akses apasaja yang diberikan. Kendala seperti inilah yang dihadapi sehari-harinya dan cukup mengganggu fleksibelitas terutama dalam rutinitas pekerjaan, maka dibutuhkan konfigurasi firewall untuk meminimalisir gangguan tersebut sehingga layanan tetap bisa diakses
PEMETAAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI WILAYAH KEPESISIRAN SEMBULANG PULAU GALANG KOTA BATAM
Authors: Roziqin Arif , Gustin Oktavianto , Irawan Sudra , Lubis Muhammad Zainuddin , Henora Citra Swari , Wulandari Dwi Anjen Setia 
Published: August 2020

Aktivitas pembangunan yang tinggi berdampak pada dinamika perubahan penggunaan lahan, termasuk di wilayah kepesisiran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan lahan di wilayah kepesisiran Sembulang, Pulau Galang, Kota Batam. Informasi penggunaan lahan diperoleh dengan cara Interpretasi tutupan lahan pada citra penginderaan jauh dan dilanjutkan dengan survei lapangan. Survei lapangan dilakukan pada tanggal 22 - 25 Maret 2019. Survei lapangan untuk melihat pemanfaatan langsung aktivitas manusia terhadap penggunaan lahan dilakukan ke semua titik wilayah kajian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, penggunaan lahan di wilayah kepesisiran Sembulang, Pulau Galang, Kota Batam seperti hutan, padang rumput, permukiman dan ekosistem mangrove. Fasilitas pemerintah yang berfungsi untuk pelayanan publik juga terdapat di wilayah ini, seperti Kelurahan Sembulang dan Kecamatan Galang.