bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher Order Architecture of Designer Peptides Forms Bioinspired 10 nm siRNA Delivery System
Authors: Gamboa Alicia , Urfano Selina F. , Hernandez Katrina , Fraser Deborah A. , Ayalew Luladey , Slowinska Katarzyna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe higher-order architecture observed in biological systems, like viruses, is very effective in nucleic acid transport. The replications of this system has been attempted with both synthetic and naturally occurring polymers with mixed results. Here we describe a peptide/siRNA quaternary complex that functions as an siRNA delivery system. The rational design of a peptide assembly is inspired by the viral capsids, but not derived from them. We selected the collagen peptide (COL) to provide the structural stability and the folding framework, and hybridize it with the cell penetrating peptide (CPP) that allows for effective penetration of biological barriers. The peptide/siRNA quaternary complex forms stoichiometric, 10 nm nanoparticles, that show fast cellular uptake (<30 min), effective siRNA release, and gene silencing. The complex provides capsid-like protection for siRNA against nucleases without being immunostimulatory, or cytotoxic. Our data suggests that delivery vehicles based on synthetic quaternary structures that exhibit higher-order architecture may be effective in improving delivery and release of nucleic acid cargo.
Metabolic gene alterations impact the clinical aggressiveness and drug responses of 32 human cancers
Authors: Sinkala Musalula , Mulder Nicola , Patrick Martin Darren 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMalignant cells reconfigure their metabolism to support oncogenic processes such as accelerated growth and proliferation. The mechanisms by which this occurs likely involve alterations to genes that encode metabolic enzymes. Here, using genomics data for 10,528 tumours of 32 different cancer types, we characterise the alterations of genes involved in various metabolic pathways. We find that mutations and copy number variations of metabolic genes are pervasive across all human cancers. Based on the frequencies of metabolic gene alterations, we further find that there are two distinct cancer supertypes that tend to be associated with different clinical outcomes. By utilising the known dose-response profiles of 825 cancer cell lines, we infer that cancers belonging to these supertypes are likely to respond differently to various anticancer drugs. Collectively our analyses define the foundational metabolic features of different cancer supertypes and subtypes upon which discriminatory strategies for treating particular tumours could be constructed.
DNA methylation in disease: Immunodeficiency, Centromeric instability, Facial anomalies syndrome
Authors: Vukic Maja , Daxinger Lucia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification essential for normal mammalian development. Initially associated with gene silencing, more diverse roles for DNA methylation in the regulation of gene expression patterns are increasingly being recognized. Some of these insights come from studying the function of genes that are mutated in human diseases characterized by abnormal DNA methylation landscapes. The first disorder to be associated with congenital defects in DNA methylation was Immunodeficiency, Centromeric instability, Facial anomalies syndrome (ICF). The hallmark of this syndrome is hypomethylation of pericentromeric satellite repeats, with mutations in four genes: DNMT3B, ZBTB24, CDCA7 and HELLS, being linked to the disease. Here, we discuss recent progress in understanding the molecular interactions between these genes and consider current evidence for how aberrant DNA methylation may contribute to the abnormal phenotype present in ICF syndrome patients.
Wnt-Signalwege bei kutaner Wundheilung
Authors: Houschyar K.S. , Tapking C. , Puladi B. , Popp D. , Duscher D. , Rein S. , Reumuth G. , Grieb G. , Branski L.K. , Siemers F. , Lehnhardt M. , Yazdi A.S 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDie menschliche Haut ist eine effiziente Barriere, die den Organismus vor Noxen schützt. Wunden zerstören diese Barriere. Die Wundheilung ist eine in Phasen ablaufende physiologische Regeneration des zerstörten Gewebes, die im Idealfall zum Verschluss einer Wunde, insbesondere durch Neubildung von Bindegewebe und Kapillaren, führt. Der Wnt-Signalweg ist eine im gesamten Tierreich stark konservierte Signaltransduktionskaskade, durch die grundlegende zelluläre Interaktionen in multizellulären Organismen gesteuert werden. Entsprechend werden durch den Wnt-Signalweg viele Prozesse, z. B. die Balance zwischen Proliferation und Differenzierung oder die Apoptose, koordiniert. Die Wnt-Signalisierung wird durch eine Wunde aktiviert und nimmt an jeder nachfolgenden Phase des Heilungsprozesses teil, beginnend mit der Entzündungskontrolle und des programmierten Zelltods bis zur Mobilisation von Stammzellen innerhalb der Wunde. Die endogene Wnt-Signalverstärkung stellt einen attraktiven therapeutischen Ansatz dar, um die Wiederherstellung von Hautwunden zu unterstützen, da die komplexen Mechanismen des Wnt-Signalwegs im Laufe der Jahre zunehmend verstanden wurden. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die aktuellen Daten zusammengefasst, um die Rolle der Wnt-Signalgebung beim Wundheilungsprozess der Haut zu verdeutlichen.
Tissue-Specific Function of Thyroid Hormone Transporters: New
Insights from Mouse Models
Authors: Salveridou Eva , Mayerl Steffen , Sundaram Sivaraj Mohana , Markova Boyka , Heuer Heike 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThyroid hormone (TH) transporters are required for cellular transmembrane
passage of TH and are thus mandatory for proper TH metabolism and action.
Consequently, inactivating mutations in TH transporters such as MCT8 or
OATP1C1 can cause tissue- specific changes in TH homeostasis. As the most
prominent example, patients with MCT8 mutations exhibit elevated serum T3
levels, whereas their CNS appear to be in a TH deficient state. Here, we
will briefly summarize recent studies of mice lacking Mct8 alone or in
combination with the TH transporters Mct10 or Oatp1c1 that shed light on
many aspects and pathogenic events underlying global MCT8 deficiency and
also underscore the contribution of Mct10 and Oatp1c1 in tissue-specific TH
transport processes. Moreover, development of conditional knock-out mice
that allow a cell-specific inactivation of TH transporters in distinct
tissues, disclosed cell-specific changes in TH signaling, thereby
highlighting the pathophysiological significance of local control of TH
action.
Usability Testing of an Interactive Dashboard for Surgical Quality Improvement in a Large Congenital Heart Center
Authors: Wu Danny T. Y. , Vennemeyer Scott , Brown Kelly , Revalee Jason , Murdock Paul , Salomone Sarah , France Ashton , Clarke-Myers Katherine , Hanke Samuel P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Interactive data visualization and dashboards can be an effective way to explore meaningful patterns in large clinical data sets and to inform quality improvement initiatives. However, these interactive dashboards may have usability issues that undermine their effectiveness. These usability issues can be attributed to mismatched mental models between the designers and the users. Unfortunately, very few evaluation studies in visual analytics have specifically examined such mismatches between these two groups.
Objectives We aimed to evaluate the usability of an interactive surgical dashboard and to seek opportunities for improvement. We also aimed to provide empirical evidence to demonstrate the mismatched mental models between the designers and the users of the dashboard.
Methods An interactive dashboard was developed in a large congenital heart center. This dashboard provides real-time, interactive access to clinical outcomes data for the surgical program. A mixed-method, two-phase study was conducted to collect user feedback. A group of designers (N = 3) and a purposeful sample of users (N = 12) were recruited. The qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The dashboards were compared using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and qualitative data.
Results The participating users gave an average SUS score of 82.9 on the new dashboard and 63.5 on the existing dashboard (p = 0.006). The participants achieved high task accuracy when using the new dashboard. The qualitative analysis revealed three opportunities for improvement. The data analysis and triangulation provided empirical evidence to the mismatched mental models.
Conclusion We conducted a mixed-method usability study on an interactive surgical dashboard and identified areas of improvements. Our study design can be an effective and efficient way to evaluate visual analytics systems in health care. We encourage researchers and practitioners to conduct user-centered evaluation and implement education plans to mitigate potential usability challenges and increase user satisfaction and adoption.
Histological-subtypes and anatomical location correlated in meningeal brain tumors (meningiomas)
Authors: Bhat Abdul Rashid , Wani Muhammed Afzal , Kirmani Altaf Rehman , Ramzan Altaf Umar 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Context: Not enough literature is available to suggest a link between the histological subtypes of intracranial meningeal brain tumors, called ‘meningiomas’ and their location of origin. Aim: The evidence of correlation between the anatomical location of the intracranial meningiomas and the histopathological grades will facilitate specific diagnosis and accurate treatment. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study was conducted in a single high-patient-inflow Neurosurgical Center, under a standard and uniform medical protocol, over a period of 30 years from December 1982 to December 2012. The records of all the operated 729 meningiomas were analyzed from the patient files in the Medical Records Department. The biodata, x-rays, angiography, computed tomography (CT) scans, imaging, histopathological reports, and mortality were evaluated and results drawn. Results: The uncommon histopathological types of meningiomas (16.88%) had common locations of origin in the sphenoid ridge, posterior parafalcine, jugular foramen, peritorcular and intraventricular regions, cerebellopontine angle, and tentorial and petroclival areas. The histopathological World Health Organization (WHO) Grade I (Benign Type) meningiomas were noted in 89.30%, WHO Grade II (Atypical Type) in 5.90%, and WHO Grade III (Malignant Type) in 4.80% of all meningiomas. Meningiomas of 64.60% were found in females, 47.32% were in the age group of 41-50 years, and 3.43% meningiomas were found in children. An overall mortality of 6.04% was noted. WHO Grade III (malignant meningiomas) carried a high mortality (25.71%) and the most common sites of meningiomas with high mortality were: The cerebellopontine angles, intraventricular region, sphenoid ridge, tuberculum sellae, and the posterior parafalcine areas. Conclusion: The correlation between the histological subtypes and the anatomical location of intracranial meningeal brain tumors, called meningiomas, is evident, but further research is required to establish the link.
Hematogenous pasteurella haemolytica brain abscess
Authors: Darmoul Mehdi , Nsir Atef Ben , Kilani Mohamed , Hattab Mohamed Nejib 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Pasteurella infections are common in domestic animals and very rare in human. We report a hematogenously acquired Pasteurella haemolytica brain abscess, mimicking brain tumor on magnetic resonance imaging, in an 18-year-old female patient known with cardiac interventricular communication, without recent history of animal contact. The outcome was good after abscess complete removal and antimicrobials therapy for 6 weeks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of P. haemolytica brain abscess.
Enhancing Asthma Patients' Self-Management through Smartphone-Based Application: Design, Usability Evaluation, and Educational Intervention
Authors: Farzandipour Mehrdad , Nabovati Ehsan , Heidarzadeh Arani Marzieh , Akbari Hossein , Sharif Reihane , Anvari Shima 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to design and evaluate a smartphone-based application for improving self-management in patients with asthma and evaluate its effects on their knowledge.
Methods In this applied research, based on the Clinical Practice Guideline and a systematic review, a questionnaire was designed to determine the application information content and functionality requirements by 15 pediatric and adult asthma and allergy specialist. Then the application was designed and developed using Adobe Air software on the Android operating system. Usability evaluation of the mobile application was performed using the standard questionnaire for user interaction satisfaction (QUIS), which completed by 30 patients with asthma, 8 information technology (IT) specialists, and 2 asthma and allergy specialists. Self-management knowledge of 30 asthma patients was measured using a researcher-made questionnaire before and after using the application.
Results The number of specialists in the both Delphi rounds was 15 and the mean work experiences were 17.6 years. The most important elements for asthma self-management were avoiding exposure to allergen and triggers (96%), drug treatment (94.6%), and how to use the therapeutic tools (92.4%), and the most important functionalities were alerting the patients when they did not control asthma (92%), setting reminders for timely drug use (85.4%) and therapeutic tools (82.6%), recording prescription drugs (82.6%), and peak flow meter values (82%). Usability evaluation showed that 30 patients with asthma, 8 IT specialists, and 2 physicians evaluated the application at a “good” level. The mean score of the patients' knowledge before intervention was 2.43 ± 0.95 which after intervention was significantly increased to 4.3 ± 0.56 (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Considering the desirable outcomes of application evaluation and a positive impact of this educational intervention on asthma patients' knowledge, it is possible to use mobile-based self-management programs to help these patients to manage illness and gain knowledge and self-management skills.
Comparison of Wound Complications Between Two Closing Techniques Following Total Hip Arthroplasty Via the Direct Anterior Approach
Authors: Opanova Maria , Hasegawa Ian , Unebasami Emily , Tollefsen Cera-Nicole , Saito Sean , Andrews Samantha , Nakasone Cass 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA higher rate of wound complications has been reported in the direct anterior approach (DAA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA), reportedly due to the location of the incision and poor surgical site exposure techniques. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare wound complications within the first 90 days between a zipper closing method (ZM) and subcuticular monocryl with dermabond skin closure (SMD). A total of 294 patients (352 hips) were closed using the SMD and 166 patients (206 hips) were closed via the ZM. All THAs via the DAA and postoperative care were performed based on the current standard of care for the treatment of symptomatic hip osteoarthritis, established by a single, high volume surgeon from 2016 to 2018. Any wound complications during the first 90 days were noted. Independent t-tests determined differences in descriptive variables. Additionally, a Fisher Exact test was performed to compare wound complication rate between groups (p < 0.05). Surgical time was significantly shorter for ZM (p < 0.001) for both unilateral and bilateral groups compared with SMD. Overall, there were four complications occurring in 558 cases (0.7%), with two cases (0.36%) requiring additional surgery. No wound complications were present in the SMD and four wound complications (1.9%), two requiring surgery, were reported for the ZM (χ2 [1, N = 558] = 6.884, p = 0.009). While no wound complications were reported in the SMD group, the ZM group sustained four wound complications, two of which required additional surgery. Two of these wound complications occurred within the first 14 cases following implementation of the ZM, perhaps indicating a short learning curve. The ZM is a quicker, perhaps easier closure method yet the added expense for materials and suggested increased risk for wound complications may moderate the enthusiasm of the ZM compared with the sutures following THA via the DAA.
A De Novo KCNQ2 Genomic Variant in an Infant with Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy
Authors: Vélez-Galarraga María del Rosario , Coronel Melissa , Vaca Richard , Baquerizo Arianna , Sánchez-Carpintero Rocío 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEarly infantile epileptic encephalopathies (EIEEs) constitute a group of severe early onset epilepsies. Although still classified under syndromic clusters of clinical features, the genetic basis of several EIEEs leads to the definition of new types of epilepsies. We report a newborn male with seizures since his second day of life. The results of the first line diagnostic tests did not identify the cause of the seizures, which prompted a genetic study. A de novo KCNQ2 genomic variant that may explain the neonatal epileptic encephalopathy was found and led to more appropriate treatment. Genetic testing allows more specific treatment and more accurate prognosis, and also adds to the database of the phenotypes associated with the genomic variants.
People Who Once Had 40 Cattle Are Left Only with Fences: Coping with Persistent Drought in Awash, Ethiopia
Authors: Camfield Laura , Leavy Jen , Endale Senait , Tefera Tilahun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHow to support those responding to environmental change in resource-constrained environments is central to literature on climate change adaption. Our research explores a gap in this literature relating to the negotiation of intra-household relations and resource access across different types of household in contexts of social and environmental transition. Using the example of the semi-arid Awash region in North-Eastern Ethiopia, which has experienced drought and alien plant invasion over the past decade, we explore how men and women use changes in household structures and relationships to adapt more effectively. We draw evidence from life histories with 35 pastoralists across three rural, peri-urban and urban communities. Using Dorward et al.’s taxonomy, we find Afar people are not only ‘stepping up’, but also ‘stepping out’: shifting from pastoralism into agriculture and salaried employment. As this often involves splitting households across multiple locations, we look at how these reconfigured households support pastoralists’ wellbeing.
CRIg plays an essential role in intravascular clearance of bloodborne parasites by interacting with complement
Authors: Liu Gongguan , Fu Yong , Yosri Mohammed , Chen Yanli , Sun Peng , Xu Jinjun , Zhang Mingshun , Sun Donglei , Strickland Ashley B. , Mackey Zachary B. , Shi Meiqing 
Published: November 2019

SignificanceBloodborne parasites develop very sophisticated mechanisms to survive in the bloodstream, causing serious diseases. The mechanisms involved in intravascular clearance of bloodborne parasites are largely unknown. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is fundamental for developing strategies to treat the diseases. In the current study, we reveal that CRIg, a macrophage receptor previously shown to bind C3b/iC3b in vitro, plays an essential role in intravascular clearance of the bloodborne parasites African trypanosomes. More importantly, we demonstrate that CRIg, through interactions with complement deposited on the parasites in vivo, rather than parasites themselves, captures parasites under flow conditions. Thus, CRIg functions as a complement receptor in vivo to capture bloodborne pathogens and may represent a target for treatment.
Antidiabetic components from the hexane extract of red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): isolation and structure determination
Authors: Sutedja Anita Maya , Yanase Emiko , Batubara Irmanida , Fardiaz Dedi , Lioe Hanifah Nuryani 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) contain bioactive compounds that are known to exhibit antidiabetic effects via inhibition of α-glucosidase. However, information on the nonpolar components that exhibit antidiabetic activity is limited. Here, we report the isolation and structure determination of components with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, which were obtained from the hexane extract of red kidney beans. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) were identified as the major components exhibiting inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. The chemical structure of TAGs was determined by a combination of GC-MS and UPLC-MS/MS. The primary TAGs identified were LnLnLn (trilinolenin) and LnLLn (1,3-dilinolenoyl-2-linoleoyl glycerol). The major fatty acids present in these TAGs were α-linolenic acid (ω-3) and linoleic acid (ω-6). These TAGs were also found to inhibit the α-glucosidase activity in a similar fashion as acarbose. These results suggest that TAGs have potency as antidiabetics and support the potential suitability of red kidney beans for diabetes treatment.
Morphology modification of Si nanopillars under ion irradiation at elevated temperatures: plastic deformation and controlled thinning to 10 nm
Authors: Xu Xiaomo , Heinig Karl-Heinz , Möller Wolfhard , Engelmann Hans-Jürgen , Klingner Nico , Gharbi Ahmed , Tiron Raluca , Borany Johannes von , Hlawacek Gregor 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Si nanopillars of less than 50 nm diameter have been irradiated in a helium ion microscope with a focused Ne+ beam. The morphological changes due to ion beam irradiation at room temperature and elevated temperatures have been studied with the transmission electron microscope. We found that the shape changes of the nanopillars depend on irradiation-induced amorphization and thermally driven dynamic annealing. While at room temperature, the nanopillars evolve to a conical shape due to ion-induced plastic deformation and viscous flow of amorphized Si, simultaneous dynamic annealing during the irradiation at elevated temperatures prevents amorphization which is necessary for the viscous flow. Above the critical temperature of ion-induced amorphization, a steady decrease of the diameter was observed as a result of the dominating forward sputtering process through the nanopillar sidewalls. Under these conditions the nanopillars can be thinned down to a diameter of ∼10 nm in a well-controlled manner. A deeper understanding of the pillar thinning process has been achieved by a comparison of experimental results with 3D computer simulations based on the binary collision approximation.