bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotyping the shoulder patient based on ultrasound-detected pathologies: a cross-sectional study in general practice
Authors: Verdonk Debra L , Spigt Mark , Lima Passos Valéria , Klemann-Harings Steffie E J M , Ottenheijm Ramon P G 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundShoulder complaints arise from a single pathology or a combination of different underlying pathologies that are hard to differentiate in general practice. Subgroups of pathologies have been identified on the basis of ultrasound imaging that might affect treatment outcomes.ObjectiveOur aim was to validate the existence of different subgroups of patients with shoulder complaints, based on ultrasound-detected pathology, and compare clinical features among them. Profiling shoulder patients into distinct shoulder pathology phenotypes could help designing tailored treatment trials.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study in general practice. Data were extracted from 840 first visit patient records at a single diagnostic centre in the Netherlands. Exclusion criteria were age &lt;18 years and previous shoulder surgery. Latent class analysis was used to uncover cross-combinations of ultrasound detected pathologies, yielding subgroups of shoulder patients. The uncovered subgroups were compared for demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsWe uncovered four distinct subgroups of patients with shoulder complaints: (i) Frozen shoulder group (11%), (ii) Limited pathology group (44%), (iii) Degenerative pathology group (31%) and (iv) Calcifying tendinopathy group (15%). Group comparisons showed significant differences in demographic and clinical characteristics among subgroups, consistent with the literature.ConclusionIn a general practice population, we uncovered four different phenotypes of shoulder patients on the basis of ultrasound detected pathology. These phenotypes can be used designing tailored treatment trials in patients with shoulder complaints.
Fungal community structure and seasonal trajectories respond similarly to fire across pyrophilic ecosystems
Authors: Hopkins Jacob R , Semenova-Nelsen Tatiana , Sikes Benjamin A 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Fire alters microbial community composition, and is expected to increase in frequency due to climate change. Testing whether microbes in different ecosystems will respond similarly to increased fire disturbance is difficult though, because fires are often unpredictable and hard to manage. Fire recurrent or pyrophilic ecosystems, however, may be useful models for testing the effects of frequent disturbance on microbes. We hypothesized that across pyrophilic ecosystems, fire would drive similar alterations to fungal communities, including altering seasonal community dynamics. We tested fire's effects on fungal communities in two pyrophilic ecosystems, a longleaf pine savanna and tallgrass prairie. Fire caused similar fungal community shifts, including (i) driving immediate changes that favored taxa able to survive fire and take advantage of post-fire environments and (ii) altering seasonal trajectories due to fire-associated changes to soil nutrient availability. This suggests that fire has predictable effects on fungal community structure and intra-annual community dynamics in pyrophilic ecosystems, and that these changes could significantly alter fungal function. Parallel fire responses in these key microbes may also suggest that recurrent fires drive convergent changes across ecosystems, including less fire-frequented systems that may start burning more often due to climate change.
Identification and Characterization of Base-Substitution Mutations in the Macronuclear Genome of the CiliateTetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Wang Guangying , Fu Lu , Xiong Jie , Mochizuki Kazufumi , Fu Yunxin , Miao Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolyploidy can provide adaptive advantages and drive evolution. Amitotic division of the polyploid macronucleus (MAC) in ciliates acts as a nonsexual genetic mechanism to enhance adaptation to stress conditions and thus provides a unique model to investigate the evolutionary role of polyploidy. Mutation is the primary source of the variation responsible for evolution and adaptation; however, to date, de novo mutations that occur in ciliate MAC genomes during these processes have not been characterized and their biological impacts are undefined. Here, we carried out long-term evolution experiments to directly explore de novo MAC mutations and their molecular features in the model ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila. A simple but effective method was established to detect base-substitution mutations in evolving populations whereas filtering out most of the false positive base-substitutions caused by repetitive sequences and the programmed genome rearrangements. The detected mutations were rigorously validated using the MassARRAY system. Validated mutations showed a strong G/C→A/T bias, consistent with observations in other species. Moreover, a progressive increase in growth rate of the evolving populations suggested that some of these mutations might be responsible for cell fitness. The established mutation identification and validation methods will be an invaluable resource to make ciliates an important model system to study the role of polyploidy in evolution.
Monopole Floer Homology, Eigenform Multiplicities, and the Seifert–Weber Dodecahedral Space
Authors: Lin Francesco , Lipnowski Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We show that the Seifert–Weber dodecahedral space $\textsf{SW}$ is a monopole Floer homology $L$-space. The proof relies on our approach to study Floer homology using hyperbolic geometry. Although $\textsf{SW}$ is significantly larger than previous manifolds studied with this technique, we overcome computational complexity issues inherent to our method by exploiting the many symmetries of $\textsf{SW}$. In particular, we prove that small eigenvalues on coexact $1$-forms on $\textsf{SW}$ have large multiplicity.
Characterization and outcome of invasive infections due toPaecilomyces variotii: analysis of patients from the FungiScope® registry and literature reports
Authors: Sprute Rosanne , Salmanton-García Jon , Sal Ertan , Malaj Xhorxha , Falces-Romero Iker , Hatvani Lóránt , Heinemann Melina , Klimko Nikolai , López-Soria Leyre , Meletiadis Joseph , Shruti Malik , Steinmann Joerg , Seidel Danila , Cornely Oliver A , Stemler Jannik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo provide a basis for clinical management decisions in Paecilomyces variotii infection.MethodsUnpublished cases of invasive P. variotii infection from the FungiScope® registry and all cases reported in the literature were analysed.ResultsWe identified 59 cases with P. variotii infection. Main baseline factors were presence of indwelling devices in 29 cases (49.2%), particularly peritoneal catheters (33.9%) and prosthetic heart valves (10.2%), haematological or oncological diseases in 19 (32.2%), major surgery in 11 (18.6%), and diabetes mellitus in 10 cases (16.9%). The most prevalent infection sites were peritoneum (n = 20, 33.3%) and lungs (n = 16, 27.1%). Pain and fever were frequent (n = 35, 59.3% and n = 33, 55.9%, respectively). Diagnosis was established by culture in 58 cases (98.3%). P. variotii caused breakthrough infection in 8 patients. Systemic antifungals were given in 52 patients (88.1%). Amphotericin B was administered in 39, itraconazole in 15, and posaconazole in 8 patients. Clinical isolates were frequently resistant to voriconazole, whereas the above-mentioned antifungals showed good in vitro activity. Infections of the blood and CNS caused high mortality. Overall mortality was 28.8% and death was attributed to P. variotii in 10 cases.ConclusionsP. variotii causes life-threatening infections, especially in immunocompromised and critically ill patients with indwelling devices. Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis are at particular risk. Multidisciplinary management is paramount, including molecular techniques for diagnosis and treatment with efficacious systemic antifungals. Amphotericin B, itraconazole and posaconazole are regarded as treatments of choice. Combination with flucytosine may be considered. Surgical debridement and removal of indwelling devices facilitate favourable outcome.
Global distribution, dissemination and overexpression of potent multidrug efflux pump RE-CmeABC in Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Yao Hong , Zhao Wenbo , Jiao Dian , Schwarz Stefan , Zhang Rongmin , Li Xin-Sheng , Du Xiang-Dang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the global distribution, dissemination and overexpression of RE-CmeABC in Campylobacter jejuni.

Methods
WGS information for 433 RE-cmeABC-positive C. jejuni isolates (including 18 isolates sequenced in this study and 415 isolates from GenBank) was used for the generation of minimum-spanning trees with STs. WGS information for 95 representative RE-cmeABC-positive C. jejuni isolates was used for phylogenetic analysis. RT–PCR was conducted to evaluate the association between inverted repeat (IR) sequence diversity in the RE-CmeABC promoter region and RE-cmeABC gene expression.

Results
WGS analysis revealed the global distribution of RE-cmeABC among C. jejuni from more than 10 countries. MLST results indicated that various STs were involved in the dissemination of RE-cmeABC, with ST2109 being the most predominant ST. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the close relationship between RE-cmeABC-carrying C. jejuni isolates from poultry and humans. The IR polymorphism in the RE-CmeABC promoter region is associated with the overexpression of RE-cmeABC, which was demonstrated experimentally by RT–PCR.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, our analysis represents the first view of the global distribution of RE-CmeABC, which is horizontally transferable and diffused regionally in a clonal manner. The close relationship of RE-cmeABC-positive C. jejuni from poultry and humans supports the potential of these isolates for zoonotic transmission. Overexpressed RE-CmeABC in C. jejuni will increase the fitness of the corresponding bacteria and be of advantage under antimicrobial selection.
The Economics of Burn Injuries Among Children Aged 0 to 4 Years in British Columbia
Authors: Beaulieu Emilie , Zheng Alex , Rajabali Fahra , MacDougall Frances , Pike Ian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Children under the age of 5 years have the highest rate of hospitalization and mortality from burns. Studies of costs associated with pediatric burns have included a limited number of patients and focused on inpatient and complication costs, limiting our understanding of the full economic burden of pediatric burns. This study aimed to develop a costing model for burn injuries among children to estimate the economic burden of child burns in British Columbia, Canada. Costs of services and resources used by children aged 0 to 4 years old who were treated at BC Children’s Hospital (BCCH) between January 1, 2014 and March 15, 2018 for a burn injury were estimated and summed, using a micro-costing approach. The average cost of burn injuries per percentage of total body surface area (%TBSA) was then applied to the number of 0 to 4 years old children treated for a burn injury across British Columbia between January 1 and December 31, 2016. Based on 342 included children, a 1–5%, 6–10%, 11–20%, and &gt;20% burn, respectively cost an average of $3338.80, $13,460.00, $20,228.80, and $109,881.00 to society. The societal cost of child burns in BC in 2016 totaled $2,711,255.01. In conclusion, pediatric burn injuries place an important, yet preventable economic burden on society. Preventing even a small number of severe pediatric burns or multiple small burns may have considerable economic impacts on society and allow for the reallocation of healthcare funds toward other clinical priorities.
Contact Burns From Central Heating Radiators in Adults—An Increasing Problem in an Aging Population
Authors: Whittam Alexander , Stone Matthew , Anwar Mohammad Umair 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The primary method of heating residential dwellings in the developed world is through central heating radiators. These appliances are a major risk factor for contact burns, especially in individuals at the extremes of age. This article presents our findings of radiator contact burns in adults treated at a regional burns service during a 6-year period. We identified a total of 116 patients and 60% were male. The mean age was 58 (range 16–97), 71% had at least one comorbidity, with a mean of 1.88 comorbidities for each patient (range 0–8). The mean TBSA was 1.7% (range 0.1–8). Thirty-three patients (26%) required at least one operation with the average number of procedures being 1.45 (range 1–4). The mean length of stay was 16 days (range 0–98) compared to 7.5 days for all admitted patients across the same period. Four patients died within 30 days of their injury, 7 within 90 days, and 16 had died within 1 year of their injury. There have been previous smaller studies looking at contact burns from radiators in both adult and pediatric populations, demonstrating a bi-modal distribution at the extremes of age. This study is the largest of its kind looking specifically at an adult population and demonstrates that these injuries tend to occur in a population with a number of other comorbidities. These patients often required prolonged hospital care.
Differential expression of SlKLUH controlling fruit and seed weight is associated with changes in lipid metabolism and photosynthesis-related genes
Authors: Li Qiang , Chakrabarti Manohar , Taitano Nathan K , Okazaki Yozo , Saito Kazuki , Al-Abdallat Ayed M , van der Knaap Esther 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The sizes of plant organs such as fruit and seed are crucial yield components. Tomato KLUH underlies the locus fw3.2, an important regulator of fruit and seed weight. However, the mechanism by which the expression levels of KLUH affect organ size is poorly understood. We found that higher expression of SlKLUH increased cell proliferation in the pericarp within 5 d post-anthesis in tomato near-isogenic lines. Differential gene expression analyses showed that lower expression of SlKLUH was associated with increased expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Lipidomic analysis revealed that repression of SlKLUH mainly increased the contents of certain non-phosphorus glycerolipids and phospholipids and decreased the contents of four unknown lipids. Co-expression network analyses revealed that lipid metabolism was possibly associated with but not directly controlled by SlKLUH, and that this gene instead controls photosynthesis-related processes. In addition, many transcription factors putatively involved in the KLUH pathway were identified. Collectively, we show that SlKLUH regulates fruit and seed weight which is associated with altered lipid metabolism. The results expand our understanding of fruit and seed weight regulation and offer a valuable resource for functional studies of candidate genes putatively involved in regulation of organ size in tomato and other crops.
Temperature-specific vsiRNA confers RNAi-mediated viral resistance at elevated temperature in Capsicum annuum
Authors: Kim Yunsik , Kim Young Jin , Paek Kyung-Hee 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Resistance (R) gene-mediated resistance is a robust and efficient antiviral immune system in the plants. Thus, when R-mediated resistance was suppressed at elevated temperatures, resistance towards viruses was expected to be completely collapsed. Nonetheless, the multiplication of Tobacco mosaic virus pathotype P0 (TMV-P0) was inhibited, and TMV-P0 particles were only occasionally present in the systemic leaves of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum). RNAi-mediated RNA silencing is a well-known antiviral immune mechanism. At elevated temperatures, RNAi-mediated antiviral resistance was induced and virus-derived siRNAs (vsiRNAs) were dramatically increased. Through sRNA-sequencing (sRNA-Seq) analysis, we revealed that vsiRNAs derived from TMV-P0 were greatly increased. Intriguingly, virus-infected plants could select the temperature-specific vsiRNAs for antiviral resistance from the amplified vsiRNAs at elevated temperatures. Pre-application of these temperature-specific vsiRNAs endowed antiviral resistance of the plants. Therefore, plants sustain antiviral resistance by activating RNAi-mediated resistance, based on temperature-specific vsiRNAs at elevated temperatures.
Periodic Mixing of Magmas Recorded by Oscillatory Zoning of the Clinopyroxene Macrocrysts from an Ultrapotassic Lamprophyre Dyke
Authors: Xing Chang-Ming , Wang Christina Yan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ultrapotassic rocks are volumetrically minor, but widely distributed in different geological settings. Extensive studies have concerned mantle melting processes that generated these rocks. However, crustal processes that they may have involved are poorly known. In this paper, we describe complex oscillatory zoning patterns of clinopyroxene (Cpx) macrocrysts from an ultrapotassic lamprophyre dyke in the Kyrgyz North Tianshan orogen. These macrocrysts commonly have a corroded or patchy-zoned core surrounded by a mantle with distinct oscillatory zoning, which is, in turn, surrounded by a euhedral rim. The oscillatory zoning of the mantle is composed of alternating coarse and fine layers with a clear resorption surface, or closely packed layers with a straight or wavy boundary in back-scattered electron images. High-amplitude oscillation of Mg#, Ti, Al, Cr and Sr across the layers of the mantle is attributed to magma mixing. Low-amplitude, high-frequency oscillation of Mg# across the closely packed layers was probably developed as a result of kinetic effects or crystal movement under thermal and chemical gradients. In addition, cryptic sector zoning of some macrocrysts clearly shows a Si- and Mg-rich hourglass sector and an Al- and Ti-rich prism sector. The sector zoning indicates crystallization of these macrocrysts under low degrees of undercooling, and the presence of concentric Cr-rich and Cr-poor layers within the same grain indicates that the growth process was disrupted by multiple magma recharging events. The cores of the macrocrysts have Mg# with three distinctive ranges: &lt;84–90 (Core I), 74–84 (Core II) and 60–70 (Core III). The mantles have Mg# ranging from 64 to 90 without a distinct gap. The rims have a narrow range of Mg# from 76 to 80. The cores and mantles with high Mg# (≥85) have variable La/Yb from 1·8 to 5·0 and Dy/Yb from 2·3 to 4·6. The macrocrysts overall have variable 87Sr/86Sr from 0·7072 to 0·7084. Highly variable trace elements and 87Sr/86Sr within a single grain indicate that both primary and evolved magmas with different compositions were periodically recharged into the crustal magma reservoirs. Modelling results reveal that the melts in equilibrium with the Cpx macrocrysts may have been derived from the magma reservoirs at three different depths equivalent to crystallization pressures of ∼5·4, ∼3·3 and ∼1·6 kbar, respectively, making up a transcrustal magmatic system. The Cpx-laden melts in deep magma reservoirs may have been frequently transported to shallower reservoirs. Magma mixing in the shallower reservoirs led to heterogeneous magmas with different cooling rates and chemical compositions. Early crystallized Cpx crystals were overprinted with diverse zoning patterns during overgrowth and accumulation. Thus, the complex zoning patterns and compositions of the Cpx macrocrysts have important implications for a transcrustal magmatic system in the formation of ultrapotassic rocks.
What are the duties of an outgoing trustee?
Authors: Alexander Stephen , Edwards Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The recent case of Geneva Trust Company SA v D and Ors [2020] JRC 104 has served to shed interesting new light on the duties of outgoing trustees regarding disclosure of documents and information (in other words, trust records) by a retiring trustee to a new trustee. The general principles of Jersey law in this area are relatively well-defined, as per the Trusts (Jersey) Law 1984 (the Trusts Law) and a not inconsiderable body of case law derived from the Royal Court in Jersey as well as of the courts of England and Wales. However, it is useful to both professional trustees and legal practitioners alike when the Court provides further elucidation. The Geneva Trust Company case centred around the transfer of trust records for the D Discretionary Trust (the DDT) from the former trustee, Geneva Trust Company SA (formerly known as Rawlinson & Hunter Trustees SA) (the Former Trustee) to the current joint trustees, Fort Trustees Limited and Balchan Management Limited (collectively, the Current Trustees).
Acute Rehabilitation in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Report of Physical Therapy Perspectives From the Front Line
Authors: Sweeney Greg , Herbsman Jodi , Chan Wendy , Chae Helen , Fischer Mary , Laverty Patricia , Pierre Alicia , Finley William , Corcoran John R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 has grown to become a global pandemic. Although much has been learned about the virus, the complete impact is still not fully understood. This highly infectious pathogen can cause multiple complications in infected individuals, leading to impairments and functional limitations. To date, there has been limited literature available to describe the rehabilitation needs of patients with COVID-19. New York City (NYC) was initially identified as the United States epicenter, where various health system faced unique considerations when managing patients with COVID-19. The purpose of this article was to share the clinical perspectives of the acute physical therapy (PT) team working in one of the large health system in NYC. The report will describe the role PT played in the evaluation, assessment, and treatment of patients with COVID-19 as they navigated the acute hospital setting.