bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Romosozumab: A Novel Injectable Sclerostin Inhibitor With Anabolic and Antiresorptive Effects for Osteoporosis
Authors: Nealy Kimberly Lovin , Harris Kira B. 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To review the clinical pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of romosozumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody with a novel mechanism of action for monthly injection, and its place in the management of osteoporosis. Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, and ClinicalTrials.gov searches (1966 to July 2020) were conducted using the keywords romosozumab and osteoporosis. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Published phase 2 and 3 clinical trials and 2 meta-analyses in patients with osteoporosis were included. Data Synthesis: Romosozumab increased bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (12.1%-13.3%), femoral neck (2.2%-5.9%), and total hip (2.5%-6.9%) in patients with osteoporosis. After 12 months, romosozumab provided greater BMD gains at the lumbar spine and hip than teriparatide. However, teriparatide is likely to further increase BMD if continued for up to 24 months. In postmenopausal women at a high fracture risk, 1 year of romosozumab followed by 1 year of alendronate resulted in lower vertebral, nonvertebral, clinical, and hip fractures than alendronate alone for 2 years. Although absolute event rates were low, serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were numerically higher in 2 clinical trials when compared with alendronate (2.5% vs 1.9%, respectively) and placebo (4.9% vs 2.5%, respectively). Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This review discusses the place in therapy for romosozumab in osteoporosis management as a novel agent. Conclusions: Romosozumab offers an alternative for patients with a high risk of osteoporotic fractures. Clinicians should avoid romosozumab in patients with a history of myocardial infarction or stroke in the past 12 months.
Disparities in autism spectrum disorder diagnoses among 8-year-old children in Colorado: Who are we missing?
Authors: Hill Trenesha L , White Tiffany C , Anthony Bruno J , Reaven Judy , Harris Bryn , Reyes Nuri , Anthony Laura G 
Published: August 2020

There is often a large time gap between caregivers’ initial concerns and the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. The current study aimed to identify factors associated with missed or delayed autism spectrum disorder diagnoses among children in Colorado. In a surveillance-based sample of 8-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder ( N = 572), we examined differences between children who were identified with autism spectrum disorder by a community provider and/or were eligible for special education services under an autism eligibility (documented diagnosis) and children who were first identified with autism spectrum disorder through a systematic record review (newly identified). Compared to documented diagnosis children, newly identified children were more likely to be female, aggressive, and argumentative. They were less likely to have had a developmental regression, sleep abnormalities, or an autism screener or diagnostic measure in their records. Newly identified children also had a poorer quality of information in their records. Furthermore, among documented diagnosis children, variations in clinical presentations were associated with significantly different mean ages at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis; children who showed early delays, motor abnormalities, hyperactivity and attention deficits, and odd responses to sensory stimuli received a diagnosis much earlier than documented diagnosis children with other clinical presentations. Lay abstract Although autism can be reliably diagnosed as early as 2 years of age, many children are not diagnosed with autism until much later. We analyzed data to determine why many of the 8-year-old children who resided in Colorado and were identified as having autism through a review of their health and/or educational records did not have a documented clinical diagnosis of autism and were not eligible for special education services under an autism eligibility. We found that children who did not have a documented clinical diagnosis of autism and were not eligible for special education services under an autism eligibility were more likely to be female, aggressive, and argumentative. They had a poorer quality of information in their records and were less likely to have had a developmental regression, sleep problems, or an autism screener or diagnostic measure in their records. These results suggest that the symptoms characteristic of autism among this group of children may have been attributed to another disorder and that clinicians may be able to recognize autism more readily in children with more functional impairment and those who experience a developmental regression. We also discovered that differences in symptom presentations among children who had a documented clinical diagnosis of autism and/or were eligible for special education services under an autism eligibility were associated with different ages at autism diagnosis.
Effect of renal denervation on catecholamines and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
Authors: Feyz Lida , van den Berg Sjoerd , Zietse Robert , Kardys Isabella , Versmissen Jorie , Daemen Joost 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: The effect of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) on neurohormonal responses is largely unknown. We aimed to assess the effect of RDN on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and endogenous catecholamines. Methods: A total of 60 patients with hypertension underwent RDN and remained on a stable antihypertensive drug regimen. Samples for plasma aldosterone, plasma renin and urine (nor)metanephrine were collected at baseline and at 6 months post procedure. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) recordings were obtained at baseline and at 6 months post procedure. Results: Mean age was 64±9 years, and 30/60 patients were male. At 6 months, average daytime systolic and diastolic ambulatory BP decreased by 10 and 6 mmHg, respectively ( p<0.001). No significant change was observed in plasma aldosterone (median=248.0 pmol/L (interquartile range (IQR) 113.3–369.5 pmol/L) vs. median=233.0 pmol/L (IQR 110.3–360.8 pmol/L); p=0.66); renin (median=19.5 µIU/mL (IQR 6.8–119.5 µIU/mL) vs. median=14.3 µIU/mL (IQR 7.2–58.0 µIU/mL); p=0.32), urine metanephrine (median=0.46 µmol/L (IQR 0.24–0.77 µmol/L) vs. median=0.46 µmol/L (IQR 0.22–0.88 µmol/L); p=0.75) and normetanephrine (median=1.41 µmol/L (IQR 0.93–2.00 µmol/L vs. median =1.56 (IQR 0.74–2.50 µmol/L); p=0.58) between baseline and 6 months, respectively. No correlation was found between the decrease in mean systolic daytime BP and changes in RAAS hormones or endogenous catecholamines. Conclusion: Despite significant reductions in ambulatory BP, RDN did not result in a significant change in endogenous catecholamines or in RAAS hormones at 6 months.
Intestinal stenosis in Crohn’s disease shows a generalized upregulation of genes involved in collagen metabolism and recognition that could serve as novel anti-fibrotic drug targets
Authors: van Haaften Wouter Tobias , Blokzijl Tjasso , Hofker Hendrik Sijbrand , Olinga Peter , Dijkstra Gerard , Bank Ruud A. , Boersema Miriam 
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims: Crohn’s disease (CD) can be complicated by intestinal fibrosis. Pharmacological therapies against intestinal fibrosis are not available. The aim of this study was to determine whether pathways involved in collagen metabolism are upregulated in intestinal fibrosis, and to discuss which drugs might be suitable to inhibit excessive extracellular matrix formation targeting these pathways. Methods: Human fibrotic and non-fibrotic terminal ileum was obtained from patients with CD undergoing ileocecal resection due to stenosis. Genes involved in collagen metabolism were analyzed using a microfluidic low-density TaqMan array. A literature search was performed to find potential anti-fibrotic drugs that target proteins/enzymes involved in collagen synthesis, its degradation and its recognition. Results: mRNA expression of collagen type I ( COL1A1, 0.76 ± 0.28 versus 37.82 ± 49.85, p = 0.02) and III ( COL3A1, 2.01 ± 2.61 versus 68.65 ± 84.07, p = 0.02) was increased in fibrotic CD compared with non-fibrotic CD. mRNA expression of proteins involved in both intra- and extracellular post-translational modification of collagens (prolyl- and lysyl hydroxylases, lysyl oxidases, chaperones), collagen-degrading enzymes (MMPs and cathepsin-K), and collagen receptors were upregulated in the fibrosis-affected part. A literature search on the upregulated genes revealed several potential anti-fibrotic drugs. Conclusion: Expression of genes involved in collagen metabolism in intestinal fibrosis affected terminal ileum of patients with CD reveals a plethora of drug targets. Inhibition of post-translational modification and altering collagen metabolism might attenuate fibrosis formation in the intestine in CD. Which compound has the highest potential depends on a combination anti-fibrotic efficacy and safety, especially since some of the enzymes play key roles in the physiology of collagen.
Sterile processing in low- and middle-income countries: an integrative review
Authors: Cuncannon Alexander , Dosani Aliyah , Fast Olive 
Published: August 2020

Background: Worldwide disparities in surgical capacity are a significant contributor to health inequalities. Safe surgery and infection prevention and control depend on effective sterile processing (SP) of surgical instruments; however, little is known about SP in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where surgical site infection is a major cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Aim: To appraise and synthesise available evidence on SP in LMICs. Methods: An integrative review of research literature was conducted on SP in LMICs published between 2010 and 2020. Studies were appraised and synthesised to identify challenges and opportunities in practice and research. Results: Eighteen papers met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis. Challenges to advancing SP include limited available evidence, resource constraints and policy-practice gaps. Opportunities for advancing SP include tailored education and mentoring initiatives, emerging partnerships and networks that advance implementation guidelines and promote best practices, identifying innovative approaches to resource constraints, and designing and executing quality assurance and surveillance programmes. Discussion: Research investigating safe surgery, including SP, in LMICs is increasing. Further research and evidence are needed to confirm the generalisability of study findings and effectiveness of strategies to improve SP practice in LMICs. This review will help researchers and stakeholders identify opportunities to contribute. The burdens of unsafe surgery transcend geopolitical borders, and the global surgery and research communities are called upon to negotiate historical and present-day inequities to achieve safe surgery for all.
Perceived Challenges and Unmet Primary Care Access Needs among Bangladeshi Immigrant Women in Canada
Authors: Turin Tanvir C. , Rashid Ruksana , Ferdous Mahzabin , Chowdhury Nashit , Naeem Iffat , Rumana Nahid , Rahman Afsana , Rahman Nafiza , Lasker Mohammad 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Understanding barriers in primary health care access faced by Canadian immigrants, especially among women, is important for developing mitigation strategies. The aim of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of perceived challenges and unmet primary health care access needs of Bangladeshi immigrant women in Canada. Methods: In this qualitative study, we conducted 7 focus groups among a sample of 42 first-generation immigrant women on their experiences in primary health care access in their preferred language, Bangla. Descriptive analysis was used for their socio-demographic characteristics and inductive thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data. Results: The hurdles reported included long wait time at emergency service points, frustration from slow treatment process, economic losses resulting from absence at work, communication gap between physicians and immigrant patients, and transportation problem to go to the health care centers. No access to medical records for walk-in doctors, lack of urgent care, and lack of knowledge about Canadian health care systems are a few of other barriers emerged from the focus group discussions. Conclusions: The community perception about lack of primary health care resources is quite prevalent and is considered as one of the most important barriers by the grassroots community members.
Assessment of hematological parameters of petrol filling workers at petrol stations in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Getu Sisay , Shiferaw Elias , Melku Mulugeta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Petrol is the non-specific term for petroleum which is used for inside combustion of engines. Petrol filling workers are highly vulnerable to occupational exposure to these harmful substances which lead to hemato-toxicity and blood disorders such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, and dysplastic bone marrow. Thus, this study was aimed to assess hematological parameters of petrol filling workers in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2019 in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 110 study participants comprising 55 study groups and 55 controls group were recruited by a convenient sampling technique. Socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and 3 ml of venous blood was collected for the determination of hematological parameters. The data were entered into Epi info 7.2.0.1 and analyzed by SPSS version of 20. Mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile ranges were used to present the data. Independent t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the mean or median difference between parametric and non-parametric hematological parameters, respectively. Moreover, Pearson product-moment and Spearman’s rank-order bivariable correlations analyses were used to describe the correlation between hematological parameters and duration of exposure to petrol. A P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The study revealed that mean red blood cell count and hemoglobin level as well as the median hematocrit, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, absolute lymphocytes count, and red cell distribution width values of petrol filling workers showed a significant increment compared with the control group. On the other hand, the mean cell hemoglobin value of petrol filling workers showed a significant decrement compared with healthy controls. Moreover, the duration of exposure to petrol showed a significant positive correlation with red blood cell count and mean cell hemoglobin concentration; however, a significant negative correlation was observed with mean cell volume.

Conclusion
This study showed that the majority of hematological parameters of petrol filling workers showed an increment compared with healthy controls which might be associated with exposure to petrol chemicals. However, further longitudinal study with a larger sample size should be conducted to explore the impact of petrol exposure on hematopoiesis.
The impact of stock market manipulation on Nigeria’s economic performance
Authors: Akinmade Babatunde , Adedoyin Festus Fatai , Bekun Festus Victor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study is the first attempt to empirically analyse stock market manipulation on the Nigerian Stock Exchange and its consequences on economic performance. The empirical investigation employs a broad data set of 186 actual manipulation cases indicted by the Nigerian Security and Exchange Commission between 2002 and 2016. We embrace market microstructure analysis and the event study method to understand how various manipulation techniques impact on market measures, and the Error Correction Model to evaluate their economic effects. Manipulation is found to distort market efficiency measures (such as market capitalization, value traded ratio and All-Share Index) and genuine traders are forced to exit the market to avoid possible trading with a manipulator. Such huge divestment and the subsequent financial risk weaken the ability of the Stock Exchange market to improve economic performance, creating negative consequences at the post-manipulation period. Essentially, economic variables (such as the GDP) react negatively to manipulative trading. This finding is insightful and a prompt to the Securities and Exchange Commission to design policy responses towards deterring and prosecuting unfair trading practices or other activities that contravene the market rules.
CIÊNCIA, OPINIÃO E FAKE NEWS EM TEMPOS DE CORONAVÍRUS: CONCEPTUALIZAÇÕES EM MEMES SOB A ABORDAGEM DA LINGUÍSTICA COGNITIVA / Science, opinion and fake news in times of the coronavirus: conceptualizations in memes under Cognitive Linguistics approach
Authors: Domingues Almeida Aurelina Ariadne , Dos Santos Elisângela Santana 
Published: September 2020

São apresentados resultados de um estudo empreendido sobre as conceptualizações de ciência, opinião e fake news em memes que foram publicados na rede social on-line Facebook. Para a realização dessa pesquisa, foram adotados pressupostos teóricos da Linguística Cognitiva, de modo que foram produzidos diálogos com autores, a exemplo de Geeraerts (2006), Goossens (2002), Lakoff e Johnson (1980), Johnson (1987), Lakoff (1987), Lakoff e Turner (1989), Forceville (2009), Peña Cervel (2012) e Kövecses (2009), entre outros pesquisadores. No que concerne ao seu desenho metodológico, foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa do corpus, que, por sua vez, foi constituído por dois memes coletados da referida rede social; além disso, o trabalho realizado teve natureza exploratória, descritiva e interpretativa. Entre os resultados alcançados, concluímos que os elementos verbais e os pictóricos, usados nos memes constituintes do corpus, inter-relacionaram-se, de modo a possibilitar a elaboração de sentidos pelos seus possíveis leitores-conceptualizadores; ademais, verificamos que as conceptualizações postas em pauta foram estruturadas por metáforas, como CIÊNCIA É JOGO, CIÊNCIA É SER HUMANO e, também, por MAIOR É MELHOR, MENOR É PIOR, BOM É PARA DIREITA, RUIM É PARA ESQUERDA; por metonímias, do tipo PARTE PELO TODO, como RACIONALIDADE POR CIÊNCIA e EMOÇÃO POR FAKE NEWS, e por esquemas de imagens, a exemplo de FORÇA, ORIGEM-PERCURSO-META, CONTATO, entre outros.
Low-molecular-weight peptides with potential cardiovascular regulatory functions from Atlantic salmon skin
Authors: Liu Wen-Ying , Miyakawa Takuya , Lu Jun , Gu Rui-Zeng , Hsieh Yun Hua , Miyauchi Yumiko , Katsuno Kana , Cai Mu-Yi , Tanokura Masaru 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Salmon skin collagen peptides (SSCPs) have potential for improving physiological conditions such as early alcoholic liver injury, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Here, we focused on the in vitro effects of SSCPs on vascular function. For the production of SSCPs, alcalase and papain were used to hydrolyse the skin of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), and their separation was made by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. There were 10 low-molecular-weight peptides newly identified by mass spectrometry. In addition to five peptides previously identified, a total of 15 peptides were applied to an in vitro analysis of cholesterol-reducing, vasorelaxant and antithrombotic activities. The results showed that the SSCPs contained six cholesterol-lowering peptides (Ala-Pro, Leu-Gln, Asn-Val-Gly, Arg-Glu-Arg, Pro-His and Gly-Pro-Arg), two vasorelaxant peptides (Leu-Gln and Pro-His), and four antithrombotic peptides (Gly-Pro-Arg, Arg-Glu-Arg, Val-Asp-Gly-Lys and Val-Arg) as novel candidate peptides with beneficial effects on vascular function. These active peptides were also quantified. This study reveals that several peptides from salmon skin possess bifunctional properties.
An observational study to assess Italian obstetrics providers’ knowledge about preventive practices and diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus
Authors: Boccherini Chiara , D’Ambrosio Valentina , Corno Sara , Vena Flaminia , Pajno Cristina , Piccioni Maria Grazia , Rech Francesco , Ciolli Paola , Brunelli Roberto , Benedetti Panici Pierluigi , Pizzuti Antonio , Muzii Ludovico , Giancotti Antonella 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection can be easily prevented by hygienic measures. Up to date the majority of the studies in literature highlighted a reduction in cCMV antenatal counseling and its prevention. Our purpose was to evaluate obstetrics providers’ knowledge about cCMV infection, management and the behavioral practices to avoid it.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional survey carried out in Umberto I Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome between November 2019 and January 2020. We recruited 148 specialists and residents in Obstetrics and Gynecology through online anonymous multiple-choice 13-questions, 10 min-survey comparing responses between the two groups.

Results
A total of 94.6% of all participants said they always prescribe cytomegalovirus (CMV) serum screening: 73.6% of them regularly counsel about preventive practices, with specialists recording higher percentages (85.4 vs. 65.1%, p<0.005). We identified a good knowledge about the diagnostic pathway, but only 58.1% of our population knows the correct time of late amniocentesis. 12.2% of providers do not consider magnetic resonance (MRI) as a complementary exam.

Conclusions
Prevention of maternal seroconversion is crucial: even if our data show an acceptable knowledge about antenatal counseling, we encourage clinicians to firmly inform and educate women about behavioral measures.
Housing Price, Mortgage Interest Rate and Immigration
Authors: Chong Fennee 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Housing price in New Zealand has appreciated substantially after the Global Financial Crisis, resulting in an affordability problem for first home buyers. This paper studies whether changes in immigration activity and mortgage interest rate influence housing price. Empirical findings derived using VECM confirm the impact of immigration and mortgage interest rate on housing property price. Both variables explain 11.4 percent of the variation of Housing Index. An increase of 1 percent in mortgage interest rate would reduce the housing index movement by 1.44 percent whilst a 1 percent increase in immigrants would increase the housing index by 0.30 percent. In addition, about 2 percent of the short-run deviations of housing prices are adjusted towards the long-run equilibrium each month.
Model Hybrid for Sales Forecast for the Housing Market of São Paulo
Authors: Moro Matheus Fernando , Weise Andreas Dittmar , Bornia Antonio Cezar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis research proposes a combined model of time series for forecasting housing sales in the city of São Paulo. We used data referring to the time series of sales of residential units provided by SECOVI-SP. The Exponential Softening, Box-Jenkins and Artificial Neural Networks models are individually modelled, later these are combined through five forecast combination techniques.The techniques used are Arithmetic Mean, Geometric Mean, Harmonic Mean, Linear Regression and Principal Component Analysis. The measures of accuracy to measure the results obtained and to select the best model are the RMSE, MAPE and UTheil of forecast. The results showed that Linear Regression with an independent variable, being a combination of the SARIMA model (2,0,0)(2,0,0)12 and MLP/RNA (12,10,1), provided a satisfactory performance, with an RMSE of 368.74, MAPE of 19.2% and UTheil of 0.315.The combination of time series models allowed a significant increase in forecast performance. Finally, the model was validated, using it to predict housing sales. The results show that the model has a good fit, thus demonstrating that using a housing sales forecasting model helps industry professionals minimize error and make sales and launch decisions.