bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-Discrete Parameter Identification Algorithms for Two Deterministic Epidemiological Models applied to the Spread of COVID-19
Authors: Wacker Benjamin , Schlüter Jan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 threatens people worldwide. Politicians around the globe have to balance different interests. Accordingly, they make decisions which heavily impact our daily life or even curtail fundamental rights. They consequently base their judgements on advices from scientists. For these reasons, many epidemiological models have appeared and have been famous since the beginning of the twentieth century. However, scientists depend on rich data to evaluate them and their assumptions. As this pandemic outbreak has lead to large data collections by the John Hopkins University since its beginning, we take advantage of this situation and compare two deterministic epidemiological models heavily used - the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered model (SIR model) and the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Dead model (SIRD model). In contrast to other works which concentrate on future predictions, we aim to investigate the validity of assumptions with respect to available data. For that purpose, instead of using these models forward in time, we propose modified time-discrete versions of the continuous models with relaxing all transfer rates to be time-varying and develop algorithms to predict these coefficients based on the principle of “divide-and-conquer” for the inverse problems. Since Asia, Europe and North America are especially affected by this pandemic, we choose countries from these continents to illustrate our results. In the main part of this article, we escepially discuss our results for Hubei (China). As supplementary material, we illustrate our findings for the aforementioned choice of countries. We finally draw some conclusions for future applications of these models and data acquisition.
In silico drug designing for COVID-19: an approach of highthroughput virtual screening, molecular and essential dynamics simulations
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Rahul , Tanwar Pranay 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
SARS-CoV2, a new coronavirus has emerged in Wuhan city of China, December last year causing pneumonia named COVID-19 which has now spread to entire world. By April 2020, number of confirmed cumulative cases crossed ~2.4 million worldwide, according to WHO. Till date, no effective treatment or drug is available for this virus. Availability of X-ray structures of SARS-CoV2 main protease (Mpro) provided the potential opportunity for structure based drug designing. Here, we have made an attempt to do computational drug design by targeting main protease of SARS-CoV2. Highthroughput virtual screening of million molecules and natural compounds databases was performed followed by docking. Six ligands showed better binding affinities which were further optimized by MD simulation and rescoring of binding energy was calculated through MM/PBSA method. In addition, conformational effect of various ligands on protein was examined through essential dynamics simulation. Three compounds namely ZINC14732869, ZINC19774413 and ZINC19774479 were finally filtered that displayed high binding free energies than N3 inhibitor and form conformationally stable complex. Hence, current study features the discovery of novel inhibitors for main protease of CoV2 which will provide effective therapeutic candidates against COVID19.
Presence of Cathelicidin-1 in Milk as an Indicator of the Severity of Mammary Infection in Ewes
Authors: Katsafadou Angeliki I. , Vasileiou Natalia G.C. , Tsangaris George T. , Ioannidi Katerina S. , Anagnostopoulos Athanasios K. , Billinis Charalambos , Fragkou Ilektra A. , Papadopoulos Elias , Mavrogianni Vasia S. , Lianou Dafni T. , Chatzopoulos Dimitris C. , Fthenakis George C. 
Published: May 2020

Aims:
The importance of cathelicidin-1 as an indicator of the severity of mammary infection
in ewes.

Background:
Mastitis is an important disease of sheep, affecting their health and welfare.

Objective:
The association of the presence of cathelicidin-1 in milk samples from ewes with mastitis
with the severity of the infection.

Methods:
Ewes were intramammarily inoculated with Mannheimia haemolytica or Staphylococcus
chromogenes. Conventional (clinical, bacteriological and cytological examinations; milk yield measurements)
and proteomics evaluation (2-DE, MALDI-TOF MS) to record cathelicidin-1 spot optical
densities in milk samples were recorded.

Results:
Ewes challenged with M. haemolytica developed clinical and ewes challenged with S.
chromogenes subclinical mastitis (P=0.05). The challenged organism was isolated from milk samples
from inoculated mammary glands; increased somatic cell counts were also recorded. Cathelicidin-
1 was detected in milk samples from the inoculated side of udders of all ewes. Mean spot density
of cathelicidin-1 from samples from inoculated glands of ewes challenged with M. haemolytica
was higher than from ewes challenged with S. chromogenes: 2896 ± 973 versus 1312 ± 361 (P
=0.034). There were significant correlations between the presence of clinical mastitis / somatic cell
counts with the spot density of cathelicidin-1 on 2-DE gels (P=0.043 and P=0.023, respectively).
There was also a significant inverse correlation between the mean spot densities of cathelicidin-1
in milk samples and the milk yield of respective ewes on D10 (P =0.031).

Conclusion:
Potentially, cathelicidin-1 could be used as a marker to indicate the severity of damage
to the mammary parenchyma.
Association between Omentin-1 and Coronary Artery Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Research
Authors: Askin Lutfu , Duman Hakan , Ozyıldız Ali , Tanriverdi Okan , Turkmen Serdar 
Published: May 2020

:
Like other adipokines, omentin-1 is secreted from visceral adipose tissue and plays a vital
role in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular events. Recent
studies have shown that circulating omentin-1 levels are associated with various metabolic risk
factors, such as high blood pressure, increased waist circumference, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance.
The decrease in serum omentin level is an independent predictor of Coronary Artery Disease
(CAD) and is associated with the severity of this disease. Since there is no relevant review in
the literature, we aimed to summarize the studies on the relationship between omentin-1 and CAD.
Clinicians' and Midwives' Views of Factors Influencing Decision-making for Vaginal Birth after Caesarean Section: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bayrami Roghieh , Janghorban Roksana 
Published: May 2020

Background:Caesarean section (CS) rates are increasing in both developed and developing countries. Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) is an important option for reducing the CS rate.Objective:The purpose of this study is to explore clinicians' and midwives' views of factors influencing decision-making for VBAC based on the theory of planned behavior.Methods:This qualitative study was carried out in Urmia- Iran, during 2017-2018. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews with 21 obstetricians and midwives. Participants were selected among governmental hospitals through purposeful sampling until data saturation was reached. Data were analyzed through a directed content analysis approach using the MAXQDA software version 10.Results:Three themes and seven sub-themes including 1. "attitude toward VBAC": positive attitude and negative attitude; 2. "control belief": organizational support, fear, and self-efficacy; and 3. "subjective norms": peer recommendation and maternal perceived pressure were emerged from data analysis.Conclusion:Clinicians' and midwives' positive attitude and clinicians' self-efficacy could reinforce their intentions to select VBAC and support the mother. Insufficient organization support, clinicians' and midwives' negative attitude, clinicians' and women's fear, clinicians' peer recommendation and pressure of outside sources, which is perceived by mothers, could be barrier factors for VBAC.
First Report on the Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Capitis Isolates and an NRCS-A-clone Related Isolate Obtained from Iranian Children
Authors: Asadollahi Parisa , Farzan Behrooz , Rezaei Faranak , Delfani Somayeh , Ashrafi Behnam , Soroush Setareh 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus capitis (MRSC) NRCS-A clone (Multi-
resistant and vancomycin-non susceptible) has been recently described as an emerging cause of
nosocomial bacteremia, especially in neonatal intensive-care units (NICUs).

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic and antiseptic resistance patterns,
biofilm-producing ability and the prevalence of SCCmec and ACME types among MRSC
isolates as well as to check the possible presence of NRCS-A clone at Tehran’s Children's Medical
Center, Iran.

Methods :
A total of 256 coagulase-negative Staphylococcal isolates were collected, of which 10 S.
capitis isolates were obtained and tested for susceptibility against 13 antimicrobial and 3 antiseptic
agents, as well as biofilm production. The presence of 15 distinct resistance genes, staphylococcal
cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), and arginine catabolic mobile elements (ACMEs) were
tracked.

Results:
Seven out of 10 S. capitis isolates were MRSC (MIC90 van=8μg/mL) and resistant to
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, produced biofilm, (3 as strong biofilm producers) and carried
ACME types I and II. Despite the identification of mec and ccr complexes in some isolates, all the
SCCmec cassettes were untypeable (UT).

Conclusion:
According to the studied features, only one isolate belonged to the NRSC-A clone.
The results indicate that MRSC with high antibiotic resistance and unknown SCCmec might become
a serious problem in the future for the treatment of patients, particularly children.
Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activity of Isolated Bioactive Compounds of Leaves of Annona reticulata Linn.
Authors: Pathak Kalyani , Das Aparoop , Shakya Anshul , Saikia Riya , Sarma Himangshu 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The leaves of Annona reticulata Linn. have been traditionally used by the
tribes of Assam as a source of medicine to mitigate a range of health ailments, including diabetes
and obesity.

Objectives:
The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic potential
of bioactive fractions isolated from the methanolic extract of Annona reticulata Linn. leaves using
Nicotinamide + Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.) induced diabetic rats.

Methods:
The partially purified bioactive fractions, namely F1, F2, F3 and F4 were administered to
diabetic rats with a dose of 200 mg/kg, per oral (p.o.) and the effect of the fractions on serum glucose
was studied up to 21 days. The potent fractions were further subjected to spectral analysis for
the identification of the isolated active compounds.

Results:
The in-vivo anti-diabetic activity of the isolated fractions F2 and F3 was found significant
controlling blood glucose level, alike glibenclamide. Interestingly, F2 and F3 treated animals were
found significant in restoring the lipid and liver enzymes profile in streptozotocin challenge rats.
Further, spectral analysis revealed that F2 and F3 were comprised of Quercetin and Gallic acid, respectively.

Conclusion:
The outcome of finding demonstrates the anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic potential
of the isolates/fractions of A. reticulata, which were found enriched in polyphenolics, including
Quercetin and Gallic acid; and provided logistic behind the traditional use of the A. reticulata against
diabetes and obesity.
Fusarium Disease of Gladiolus
Authors: Forsberg Junius L. 
Published: May 2020

Three forms of the Fusarium disease of Gladiolus, known as the vascular, brown rot, and basal dry rot forms, have been described by other workers. The agent or agents which cause these disease forms have been assigned various specific names, with the result that the exact relation of the different symptom types and their causal agent or agents has been in a state of confusion. The purpose of this investigation was to rectify the confusion by determining if strains of Fusariutn producing different symptoms could be fitted into weell-defined groups on the basis of their pathogenicity and physiological characters. From several hundred isolates of Fusarium that had been cultured from diseased gladiolus corms, 40 isolates were selected for comparison in pathogenicity tests and physiological studies. Comparisons of isolates from the three disease forms were made by means of their reactions to temperature, reactions to aniline dyes, reactions to copper salts, reactions to mercuric chloride, color reactions on steamed rice, growth types on differential media, pH changes produced in liquid media, spore measurements, and tendency to reproduce the same or different disease forms in inoculated plants and corms. The isolates varied a great deal in theirreactions in these tests, but no definite pattern for association of variables could be determined; the variations seemed to occur independently. The isolates did not fall into well-defined groups; the isolates from the three disease forms could not be distinguished by any of the tests used. The pathogenicity tests showed that a single isolate is capable of producing more than one form of the disease. The evidence obtained in these studies shows that strains of the gladiolus Fusarium are extremely variable and that some of them apparently are quite unstable. It is proposed that all forms of the gladiolus Fusarium be included under the name Fusarium oxysporum f. gladioli (Massey) Snyder & Hansen.
The Genera of Nearctic Therevidae
Authors: Irwin Michael E. , Lyneborg Leif L. 
Published: May 2020

During the course of preparing the Therevidae chapter for the soon-to-be published Manual of Nearctic Diptera (Canada Department of Agriculture 1981), we've found that the previously published descriptions of genera were totally inadequate to form a framework for the therevid species of North America. The genus Psilocephala Zett., for instance, was found to be polyphyletic, containing species from several diverse ancestors. An effort to describe the many new genera contained herein was begun because we realized the definitive nature of the forthcoming Manual of Nearctic Diptera and the importance of establishing a generic base for the Therevidae founded on synapomorphies. We have restrained ourselves from grouping the genera beyond the subfamilial level simply because we feel that better natural groupings can be formed once genera from other parts of the world are included in the scheme.
We have attempted to place the described species in the new generic concepts at the end of each diagnosis. All North American genera are diagnosed, and male terminalia are figured for all genera. In total, 29 genera and 143 currently valid species have been described for North America, excluding Apsilocephala Krober (1914) and its included species, longistyla Krober (1914), which we feel does not belong within the family Therevidae. We have not included Melanothereva MaWoch (1932:249) that occurs in Chile, Peru, and parts of Argentina and contains a single Nearctic species, nigra (Bellardi) [1861:92, (Psilocephala)] that, to our knowledge, has not been rediscovered since it was first described from Mexico.
The descriptions and keys follow morphological terminology developed by us. Male terminalia characters were originally defined and described by Lyneborg (1968a) and have since been modified slightly by Lyneborg (1972, 1976, and 1978) and by Irwin (1977a and 1977b). Female terminalia characters were defined and described by Irwin (1976) . Other morphological features are generally accepted in Diptera literature, and we refrain from detailing them here. The immature stages of Therevidae have not been used in developing this preliminary classification. Larval and pupal stadia are being gathered and associated with adults in the hope that eventually they will help to elucidate the proper phylogenetic placement of species within genera and genera within suprageneric taxa.
El águila, el jaguar y la serpiente: Miguel Covarrubias y el debate del difusionismo
Authors: Eder Rita 
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo analiza la adhesión de Covarrubias a las hipótesis de con-tactos culturales y raciales entre el Pacífico, las Américas y el Viejo Mundo (China e India). Las investigaciones sobre el tema que más le llamaron la atención provenían de especialistas europeos y estadounidenses como Robert Heine-Geldern, Gordon Eckholm y Carl Schuster, las cuales influyeron en la redacción del primer tomo de su obra: El águila, el jaguar y la serpiente: arte indígena en las Américas (1954). En las primeras páginas de este libro, el autor se declara culpable de “desviaciones difusionistas subversivas” y menciona con entusiasmo el XXIX Congreso de Americanistas, celebrado en el American Museum of Natural History de Nueva York en septiembre de 1949, foro donde se debatieron ampliamente diversos temas y problemas relativos al difusionismo. Al mismo tiempo se montó la exposición “Across the Pacific” (A lo largo del Pacífico), cuyo objetivo era mostrar —por medio de objetos artísticos, rituales y cotidianos—, paralelismos en caminados a comprobar hipótesis de contacto. La muestra sugirió una forma de organizar la cultura material dentro de la diversidad y enfatizó la importancia de los estudios comparativos por medio de la forma. Para Covarrubias, estas ideas ya habían sido desarrolladas par-cialmente en los mapas del Pacífico (1939) y en su libro Mexico South (1946). Sin embargo, el énfasis sobre lo visual/estructural que ocurrió en el XXIX Congreso de Americanistas dejó una huella mayor con relación al contacto entre culturas que Covarrubias pudo desarrollar más ampliamente en Arte indígena de las Américas.
RECOUNTING AS REALIZATION OF BROWN AND LEVINSON’S POSITIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN INSTRUCTIONAL INTERACTIONS
Authors: Pramujiono Agung , Suhari Suhari , Indrayanti Tri , Rochmawati Dyah 
Published: May 2020

Dalam interaksi instruksional, seorang dosen dituntut mampu membangun harmoni di kelas sehingga terbangun suasana kelas yang kondusif sehingga tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bercerita sebagai realisasi strategi kesantunan positif Brown dan Levinson dalam interaksi instruksional di kelas. Subjek penelitian ini adalah enam orang dosen Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga. Data penelitian berupa ujaran dosen dalam perkuliahan. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode simak dengan teknik rekam dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif mengikuti model alir Miles dan Huberman. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data ditemukan cerita yang digunakan meliputi cerita tentang diri dosen, cerita tentang mahasiswa, cerita tentang pengalaman dosen, dan cerita tentang tokoh/sikap tokoh. Selain berfungsi membangun kedekatan hubungan dengan interaktan, strategi bercerita juga berfungsi untuk menanamkan nilai karakter dan untuk memotivasi mahasiswa.
Education Research - GIM
Authors: Cumyn Annabelle , Card Sharon E , Gibson Paul 
Published: May 2020

Background
Obstetric Medicine is an area of expertise within General Internal Medicine (GIM) in Canada. Essential content for clinical rotations for GIM residents was identified by subject-matter experts (N=204 items). However, this work did not address the perspective of curriculum stakeholders.
Methods
Members of the Canadian GIM Specialty Committee (GIMSC) were surveyed to obtain their perspective on essential content that GIM residents should acquire in Obstetric Medicine.
Results
GIMSC members (N=14) selected “core content” which reduced the initial content blueprint by 72%. Some sections of the blueprint were left largely unchanged (e.g., hypertensive disorders of pregnancy), whereas others were removed entirely (e.g., transplant medicine).
Interpretation
GIMSC were more selective than Canadian Obstetric Internists in choosing the essential content for GIM residents, with a moderate overall agreement of 78% (kappa coefficient of 0.53). Comparison of perspectives and content mapping may provide useful validity evidence for further work.
A Case of Neurosarcoidosis Initially Diagnosed as Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Kosalka Pauline , Hassan Ayman 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeurosarcoidosis is an inflammatory disorder characterized by noncaseating granulomas of the central nervous system. Due to its rarity and nonspecific presentation, the diagnosis may initially be confused with other neurologic disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We present a case of a 44-year-old Caucasian woman in Thunder Bay initially diagnosed with MS who developed atypical imaging findings of expanding bilateral mesial temporal lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. Brain biopsy followed by axillary lymph node biopsy established a diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis.
ResumeLa neurosarcoïdose est un trouble inflammatoire caractérisé par des granulomes non caséinants du système nerveux central. En raison de sa rareté et de sa présentation non spécifique, le diagnostic peut être initialement confondu avec d’autres troubles neurologiques tels que la sclérose en plaques (SEP). Nous présentons le cas d’une femme caucasienne de 44 ans, à Thunder Bay, chez qui la sclérose en plaques a été diagnostiquée initialement et qui a développé des résultats d’imagerie atypiques de lésions temporelles mésiales bilatérales en expansion sur l’imagerie par résonance magnétique. Une biopsie du cerveau suivie d’une biopsie des ganglions lymphatiques axillaires a permis d’établir un diagnostic de neurosarcoïdose.