bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin II and Amyloid-β Synergistically Induce Brain Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence
Authors: Bai Hui-Yu , Min Li-Juan , Shan Bao-Shuai , Iwanami Jun , Kan-no Harumi , Kanagawa Motoi , Mogi Masaki , Horiuchi Masatsugu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Amyloid-β (Aβ) induces cerebrovascular damage and is reported to stimulate endothelial cell senescence. We previously demonstrated that angiotensin II (Ang II)-promoted vascular senescence. We examined the possible cross-talk between Ang II and Aβ in regulating brain vascular smooth muscle cell (BVSMC) senescence.

METHODS
BVSMCs were prepared from adult male mice and stimulated with Ang II (0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 nmol/l) and/or Aβ 1–40 (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 µmol/l) for the indicated times. Cellular senescence was evaluated by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining.

RESULTS
Treatment with Ang II (100 nmol/l) or Aβ (1 µmol/l) at a higher dose increased senescent cells compared with control at 6 days. Treatment with Ang II (10 nmol/l) or Aβ (0.5 µmol/l) at a lower dose had no effect on senescence whereas a combined treatment with lower doses of Ang II and Aβ significantly enhanced senescent cells. This senescence enhanced by lower dose combination was markedly blocked by valsartan (Ang II type 1 receptor inhibitor) or TAK-242 (Aβ receptor TLR4 inhibitor) treatment. Moreover, lower dose combination caused increases in superoxide anion levels and p-ERK expression for 2 days, NF-κB activity, p-IκB, p-IKKα/β, p16 and p53 expression for 4 days, and an obvious decrease in pRb expression. These changes by lower dose combination, except in p-IκB expression and NF-κB activity, were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with U0126 (ERK inhibitor).

CONCLUSIONS
Ang II and Aβ synergistically promoted BVSMC senescence at least due to enhancement of the p-ERK–p16–pRb signaling pathway, oxidative stress, and NF-κB/IκB activity.
Completing the Picture—Capturing the Resistome in Antibiotic Clinical Trials
Authors: Stewart Adam G , Satlin Michael J , Schlebusch Sanmarié , Isler Burcu , Forde Brian M , Paterson David L , Harris Patrick N A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite the accepted dogma that antibiotic use is the largest contributor to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and human microbiome disruption, our knowledge of specific antibiotic-microbiome effects remains basic. Detection of associations between new or old antimicrobials and specific AMR burden is patchy and heterogeneous. Various microbiome analysis tools are available to determine antibiotic effects on microbial communities in vivo. Microbiome analysis of treatment groups in antibiotic clinical trials, powered to measure clinically meaningful endpoints would greatly assist the antibiotic development pipeline and clinician antibiotic decision making.
Decrease in Enteroviral Meningitis: An Unexpected Benefit of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Mitigation?
Authors: Kies Kami D , Thomas Amber S , Binnicker Matthew J , Bashynski Kelli L , Patel Robin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Enteroviral meningitis is seasonal, typically exhibiting a rise in prevalence in late summer/early fall. Based on clinical microbiology laboratory testing data of cerebrospinal fluid, the expected August/September/October peak in enteroviral meningitis did not occur in 2020, possibly related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation strategies.
Age-Friendly University Campus Inventory
Authors: Claver Maria , Weathersby Adriana , Wilkinson Alexandra , Smith Nicole 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An increasing number of older adults are turning to educational institutions to provide career training, intellectual stimulation and social interaction. Response to the educational needs and interests of this emerging population calls for new opportunities and innovative practices of teaching, research, and community engagement that colleges and universities are poised to offer. In Summer 2018, CSULB became the third university in California to be designated an Age-Friendly University. This study aimed to identify strengths and opportunities for growth at CSULB as related to each of the 10 Age-Friendly University principles. This study is part of a larger, national study conducted by researchers from UMass, Boston. Interviewees were asked to indicate on the Campus Inventory survey tool the activities and programs offered by the university. Data were collected from CSULB administrators through email after a phone introduction and entered into an Excel document for analysis using qualitative methods. Results provided a clear overview of the types of activities and programs available to older adult students and guided the identification of gaps in services, from the perspective of administrators on campus. The results of this CSULB survey will be compared with results from several AFU campuses across the United States. Additionally, results will be compared with a future Campus Climate survey, which will assess the age-friendliness of CSULB from the perspectives of faculty, students and community members.
A Pilot Study on the Effect of a Self-Training Program on Asian American Caregivers
Authors: Li Tongtong , Jiang Yufu , Chi Iris 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This presentation reports an exploratory study evaluating the effect of Asian Care Training (ACT) Manual on Asian American (AA) caregivers’ care capacity and knowledge growth. A total of 65 AA caregivers were recruited from community-based organizations in Los Angeles and passed the screening questionnaire, in which 44 (37 females and 7 males with an average age of 61) completed the evaluation process. Participants were given autonomy to choose topics they desired to learn out of 25 topics in ACT manual and completed one-month learning. The data were collected via structured questionnaires before and after the self-learning and were analyzed with paired t-test on 5 questions about care capacity and 4 about caregiving knowledge. One-month self-learning of ACT manual enhanced participants’ care capacity in 4 out of 5 sectors: confidence in caregiving (t=-2.2, p=0.015); ability to deal with emergency (t=-1.88, p=0.032); to solve concerns of the care recipients (t=-4.54, p&lt;0.001); to communicate more smoothly (t=-2.85, p=0.0028). Improvements were found in 3 out of 4 sectors in knowledge: knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease (t=-4.43, p&lt;0.001); appropriated approach to displacing care recipients (t=-5.03, p&lt;0.001); and information about caregiver support resources (t=-7.25, p&lt;0.001). This self-learning method of ACT manual was feasible for AA caregivers to broaden knowledge and care capacity while adapting with their intensive workload. This study constitutes an important step towards establishing culturally tailored self-training programs for Asian American caregivers for frail older adults via multiple platforms such as online curriculums and mHealth app.
Caregiver-Centered Care Health Workforce Competencies: Developing Consistent Support for Family Caregivers
Authors: Parmar Jasneet , Anderson Sharon , Poole Lisa , Duggleby Wendy , Holyroyd-Leduc Jayna , Brémault-Phillips Suzette , Cheryl Pollard , Haq Anwar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Family caregivers [FCGs] are the backbone of the health system. They provide over 80% of the care for people with dementia, chronic illnesses and impairments. Despite evidence of their contributions and consequences of caregiving, support for FCGs has not been a health system priority. Education to prepare health providers to effectively identify, engage, assess, and support FCGs throughout the care trajectory is an innovative approach in addressing inconsistent system of supports for FCGs. We report on development and validation of the Caregiver-Centered Care Competency Framework to help with curricular design and subsequent evaluation of effectiveness of care providers working within healthcare settings to engage and support FCGs. We used a three round modified Delphi approach. An expert panel of 42 international, national, and provincial stakeholders agreed to participate. In the first 2 rounds, multi-level, interdisciplinary participants, rated the indicators in terms of importance and relevance. In the 3rd round consensus meeting, participants validated the six competency domains, including indicators in small group sessions. Thirty-four experts (81%) participated in the round 1, 36 (85.7%) in round 2, and 42 people (100%) in round 3. There was stable consensus across all three rounds, 96.07% of participants rated the indicators as essential or important (Round 1, 95.81%; Round 2, 94.15; Round 3, 98.23%). FCG research has been primarily focussed on educating FCGs to provide care. These competencies will shape the design of educational curricula and interdisciplinary training programs aimed at supporting the health and social care workforce to provide caregiver-centered care.
Overcoming Ethical Challenges in Conducting Research Among Persons With Dementia
Authors: Cho Jeanine Yonashiro , Avent Elizabeth , Peterson Roberta , Mosqueda Laura , Gassoumis Zachary 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
By 2060, the number of older adults with Alzhemier’s Disease or related dementias (ADRD) is expected to encompass approximately 13.9 million Americans. Recognizing this, the federal government has prioritized research on ADRD and their effect on the physical, emotional, and psychological well-being of persons with dementia (PWD). Such research is complicated by disease-associated decline in cognitive and functional capacity among PWDs which can impair participant ability to process and communicate information, potentially increasing their exposure to negative research-related experiences and compromising the accuracy and reliability of provided data. Nevertheless, as a key stakeholder group, PWD should have the right to participate in research on ADRD. This session will present a case study of ethical issues that emerged in an NIH-funded study utilizing mixed-methods to examine caregiving and care dyad relationships between PWD and their care partners over an 18-month follow-up period. Ethical issues examined will include: (1) PWD capacity to consent to research at baseline and (2) during follow-up visits, (3) Obtaining accurate and reliable data from persons with mild to moderate dementia, (4) Assessing PWD distress while engaging in data collection processes, and (5) Reporting of negative caregiving and life experiences, such as elder mistreatment. The discussion of these topics and presentation of lessons learned holds promise for improving research methodology in studies involving PWD and enabling researchers to increase the involvement of persons with mild to moderate dementia in research on ADRD.
Prosecution of Elder Neglect: A Close Examination of Cases From King County, Washington
Authors: Gogia Kriti , Elman Alyssa , Clark Sunday , Ulrey Page , Connolly Marie-Therese , Bloemen Elizabeth , Johnsson Billie , Rosen Tony 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Elder neglect is common and can have catastrophic consequences. Cases may benefit from integrated responses from multiple sectors. Little research exists describing prosecutorial involvement and its impact, but existing evidence suggests neglect is seldom criminally prosecuted. Our goal was to closely examine neglect prosecution in a jurisdiction that has been a leader in using prosecution to attempt to address it. We quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed legal case files of felony elder neglect prosecuted in King County, Washington from 2008-2011. 13 cases were prosecuted, with a total of 10 victims. 90% of victims were female, with a median age of 88. 90% were unable to ambulate, and 90% had dementia. Defendants were commonly the victim’s adult child (38%). 23% had previous criminal citations/convictions. 46% of cases occurred in an Adult Family Home. 15% of cases went to trial, and all trial cases ended in conviction of some charge. Themes identified included: (1) perpetrators were either professional caregivers receiving compensation or non-professional caregivers financially dependent on the victim, (2) victims were malnourished and severely injured at time of reporting, and (3) medical expert contribution is imperative given complexity of these cases. Victims were unable to participate in prosecution in any case. This research shows that these cases are seldom prosecuted, even in a jurisdiction focusing on this phenomenon, but highlights characteristics of cases and demonstrates they may be prosecuted without victim participation. Future research is needed to examine prosecution’s impact on elder neglect to better understand how it may be optimally used.
Regional Variation in Healthcare Use Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: White Elizabeth , Rahman Momotazur 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this national prospective study we describe regional variation in healthcare utilization among Medicare beneficiaries with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the six years after diagnosis. We use 2008-2015 Medicare claims and other administrative data to map nursing home, home health, hospital, and hospice use across hospital referral regions; and examine the relationship of state and county supply-side factors to time beneficiaries spend in different settings. The sample includes 1,158,655 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries diagnosed with ADRD in 2008 and 2009. Nationally, beneficiaries spent a mean of 70.6% of survived days in the community, 23.9% of days in nursing home, and 5.4% of days in hospital. 37.2% of beneficiaries who died within six years had received hospice. Distinct regional patterns emerged. Adjusting for beneficiary and local characteristics, beneficiaries in Midwestern states spent the most time in nursing homes, while beneficiaries in Western states spent the most time in community. The probability of receiving hospice was generally highest in Western and Southern states, and lowest in the Midwest and Northeast. Controlling for beneficiary, local, and state characteristics, we found the following factors to be associated with beneficiaries spending less time in nursing homes: fewer nursing home beds in the county, higher state Medicaid long-term care spending for home and community-based services (HCBS), and state use of Certificate of Need laws. These findings illustrate that state investment in HCBS, and state and local regulation of provider supply are important factors influencing where individuals with ADRD receive care.
An Evaluation of the Dementia Friends USA Program in Nevada: Changes in Knowledge and Behavioral Intent
Authors: Carson Jennifer , Reed Peter , Gibb Zebbedia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dementia Friendly Nevada (DFNV) aims to develop and promote communities in becoming more respectful, educated, supportive and inclusive of people living with dementia and their care partners. To date, six communities are engaged, representing urban, rural and tribal communities. Each community convened an action group comprised of volunteers from a range of sectors, including people living with dementia as key participants. Each group used a participatory action research process to assess community needs, develop specific goals and actions, and document community change. As part of this process, five of the six communities adopted the Dementia Friends program for community education and awareness raising. This program is licensed nationally by Dementia Friends USA. From June 2018 – September 2019, these communities achieved widespread dissemination of this program, training 68 Dementia Friends Champions (i.e., trainers), who in turn delivered 55 training sessions to 607 new Dementia Friends (i.e., completers) across Nevada. To evaluate the impact of the program, DFNV partnered with the Sanford Center for Aging to conduct a pre-post survey (n = 504) to assess program-related knowledge change as well as commitments to take action. Results showed a statistically-significant (p &lt;.001) increase in participant knowledge, with 17% higher scores at the post-assessment. In addition, given 10 options for specific actions, responses ranged from 12% of participants committing to “start a dementia friendly effort” to 70% committing to “support dementia friendly efforts.” Overall, the early impact of this ongoing effort to educate the public about dementia across Nevada has been very successful.
Children’s Education and Parents’ Cognitive Aging: Evidence From the Compulsory Schooling Law in China
Authors: Lin Zhuoer , Chen Xi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of promoting children’s education on level and trajectory of parents’ cognition. Using three waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011, 2013, 2015), we decompose the longitudinal measures of parents’ cognition into baseline level of cognitive deficit and rate of cognitive decline through a standard linear mix-effect model (aged 45-100, N=9,736). Exploiting the temporal and geographic variations in the Chinese compulsory schooling law enforcement, we identify the causal effects of children’s education on parents’ baseline level of cognitive deficit and rate of cognitive decline using instrumental variable (IV/2SLS) approach. Our estimates suggest that children’s education not only reduces parents’ level of cognitive deficit (0.17 SD/year less), but also decreases their rate of cognitive decline (0.08 SD/year less). These novel evidence offers new insights into the intergenerational effects of children’s education on parents’ cognition, stresses the importance of lifting literacy in improving accuracy of cognitive diagnosing, and provides another policy option to delay cognitive aging and related diseases.
Does Length of Time Caregiving Affect Net Worth? Caregivers Approaching Retirement Age
Authors: Porterfield Shirley , Quinn Linda , Dare Patricia Stoddard , DeRigne LeaAnne , Tedor Miyuki Fukushima , Collins Cyleste 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Using a nationally representative sample of N=3,659 adults (mean age 55.6 in 2016) from the 2008, 2012, and 2016 rounds of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we examine the impact of work-limiting health conditions, caregiving, and the length of time spent in a caregiving role inside and outside the home on total family net worth. Repeated measures analysis finds having a chronically ill or disabled household member (CIOD), or caring for a household member with a CIOD inside the home was associated with reduced total family net worth (TFNW; -$146.7, p&lt;0.002), on average, across the three time periods. In-home caregiving across time periods does not have an additive effect, but rather appears to result in a one-time drop in TFNW. Respondents who provide care for out-of-home family or friends report higher TFNW on average over time ($73.3K, p&lt;0.001). Respondents with a work-limiting health condition report a lower mean TFNW over this time span (-$53.1K, p&lt;0.005). Caregiving inside the home has 2-3 times the impact on TFNW as having a work-limiting health condition, though in the overall model, the effect of the two variables together on TFNW is additive. An adult is at the greatest disadvantage with respect to financial preparedness for retirement if they are both a caregiver (or have a CIOD in their household) and have a work-limiting health condition than if they have only one of these characteristics or have neither characteristic. Even a single time period of caregiving reduces total family net worth over time.
Technology Implementation in Persons With Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hubner Sarah , Boron Julie Blaskewicz , Nguyen Brenda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Maintaining independence and quality of life (QOL) is a primary goal for adults. To support this goal, assistive and interactive technology (AIT) has been implemented to improve function and mitigate disease. To assess AIT effect on QOL in community-dwelling persons with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a systematic review was performed, and articles were prepared for meta-analysis. Electronic database searches were carried out in PubMed, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsychINFO, and Web of Knowledge/Web of Science. Peer-reviewed journal articles published in English between January 2010 and February 2020 were included in the search. Studies investigated personal AIT use aimed at improving QOL (i.e. satisfaction/mood, functional ability, psychological/social function, independence). Technology was implemented in the home in everyday life. Studies were limited to those including community-dwelling participants aged 65+ with a diagnosis or report of MCI or dementia. Initial search resulted in 2624 total titles. After duplicate deletion, 1546 unique articles were identified. After title and abstract deletion, 60 articles were screened at full-text. After full-text screening, five usable articles remained. Usable studies presented: 1) a digital tablet companion, 2) a digital reminder calendar, 3) a medication-adherence bottle, 4) an automatic medication dispenser, and 5) a comprehensive tele-care computer system. These studies provide outcome measures focused on functional improvement and/or subjective QOL, informing future research in AIT implementation. Additionally, the severe paucity of applicable studies indicates a need for increased primary research on intersections between dementia and technology in the home environment.
The Disparities in Accessing Online Health Information and Health Care Utilization Among Older Americans
Authors: Liu Darren , Yamashita Taka , Burston Betty , Keene Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Digital divide or unequal access to internet and other technology result in health disparities among older adults. This study examined possible disparities in accessing online health-related technology, and the associations between the online health-related technology use and health care utilization among older adults in the U.S. The data comprised a sample of 1,497 older adults aged 51 and older which were obtained from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS)’s supplemental module (Health behaviors). We used the survey-weighted negative binomial regression and binary logistic regression for the analyses. The results showed that older age, racial/ethnic minorities (e.g., Black and Hispanic vs. Whites & Other), being married, lower educational attainment, lower-income, being uninsured and reporting poorer health were associated with lower utilization of online health-management tools. In Addition, the use of online health-management tools was associated with 34% greater mean number of doctor visits (Incidence-Rate-Ratio = 1.34, S.E. = 0.10, p &lt; 0.05) than non-use. However, the use of online health-management tools was not associated with hospitalization. Indeed, only health care needs - the self-rated health (Odds-Ratio = 0.58, S.E. = 0.18, p &lt; 0.05) and the number of chronic conditions were associated hospitalizations (Odds-Ratio = 1.68, S.E. = 0.07, p &lt; 0.05). More research is needed to clarify the purposes (e.g., prevention vs. treatment) and outcomes of health care service utilization within the context of health care technology use. Yet, it is important to proactively address digital divide as one of upstream strategies for reducing health and health care disparities.