bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Law and Speed: Asylum Appeals and the Techniques and Consequences of Legal Quickening
Authors: Hambly Jessica , Gill Nick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article examines how a politics of speed is manifest in a legal context via a detailed ethnography of the French National Court of Asylum (CNDA). It identifies the temporal, spatial, and organizational ordering techniques that characterize asylum appeals in France and discusses the consequences of these techniques for the way in which the appeal process is experienced by legal decision makers and subjects. It reveals adverse impacts of legal quickening on legal quality, in particular through identifying: ‘cracks’ in the performance of legal roles like lawyer and judge that begin to appear when law is executed rapidly and repetitively; dwindling opportunities to demonstrate and experience respect between parties; and the ‘thinning‐out’ of legal process, as heuristics rather than deliberation come to dominate legal reasoning. The article contributes to a burgeoning body of socio‐legal literature on law and time by establishing the negative impact of excessive legal quickening on role performance, respect, and legal quality.
Understanding the Activity of Single-Atom Catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: An Experimental Study
Authors: Sudmeier Tim , McPherson Ian James , Tsang Shik Chi Edman 
Published: February 2020

Over the past few years single-atom catalysts (SACs) have gained more traction in the area of heterogeneous catalysis, with the advent of isolated metal atoms stabilized on metal oxides, bulk metal, metal dichalcogenides and graphene-like support materials.1-4 SACs can exhibit increased specific activity compared to bulk, as well as nano and subnano clusters due to their low-coordination environment, quantum size effects and improved metal-support interaction.2,3 Recent examples of SACs in electrochemistry include very active catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction2, oxygen evolution reaction4 and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)3.
We synthesised a wide range of atomically dispersed first and second row transition metal catalysts on nitrogen-doped graphene and tested them for the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). All metal-containing catalysts showed higher activity than pristine nitrogen-doped graphene. The factor phi, a measure of electron density at the metal active site previously suggested by computational studies as descriptor5 was shown to correlate with the HER data exhibiting a volcano relationship. In line with previous research3 and computational predictions5, cobalt on nitrogen-doped graphene was found to be the most active catalyst with an overpotential at 10mA cm-2 of only a 175mV. Catalysts were characterised using XRD, XPS, TEM, CV and XAFS. Furthermore, high-resolution STEM, as well as in-situ XAFS were used to investigate the active site of the SACs and establish a structure activity relationship for HER over atomically dispersed transition metals on nitrogen-doped graphene.
Understanding the structural factors for HER activity is not only important for the rational development of novel catalysts for water splitting but also imperative for other reactions such as the electrochemical CO2 reduction and nitrogen reduction where HER is the main competing reaction depressing rates and efficiencies.

Liu, G.; Robertson, A. W.; Li, M. M.-J.; Kuo, W. C. H.; Darby, M. T.; Muhieddine, M. H.; Lin, Y.-C.; Suenaga, K.; Stamatakis, M.; Warner, J. H.; Tsang, S.C.E. Nature Chemistry
2017, 9 (8), 810–816.

Genovese, C.; Schuster, M. E.; Gibson, E. K.; Gianolio, D.; Posligua, V.; Grau-Crespo, R.; Cibin, G.; Wells, P. P.; Garai, D.; Solokha, V.; Arrigo, R.: et al. Nature Communications
2018, 9 (1).

Fei, H.; Dong, J.; Arellano-Jiménez, M. J.; Ye, G.; Dong Kim, N.; Samuel, E. L. G.; Peng, Z.; Zhu, Z.; Qin, F.; Bao, J.; et al. Nature Communications
2015, 6, 8668.

Fei, H.; Dong, J.; Feng, Y.; Allen, C. S.; Wan, C.; Volosskiy, B.; Li, M.; Zhao, Z.; Wang, Y.; Sun, H.; et al. Nature Catalysis
2018, 1 (1), 63–72.

Xu, H.; Cheng, D.; Cao, D.; Zeng, X. C. Nature Catalysis
2018, 1 (5), 339–348.
Taxonomic and ecological notes on some poorly known bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Meghalaya, India
Authors: Saikia Uttam , Thabah Adora , Ruedi Manuel 
Published: February 2020

The chiropteran diversity of Meghalaya State is very high with 65 reported species. Taxonomic and ecological information on many of these bat species, however, are scant or largely outdated. We reinforce the records on five poorly known bat species in Meghalaya, viz., Megaerops niphanae, Myotis pilosus, Kerivoula kachinensis, Miniopterus magnater, & Miniopterus pusillus, critically evaluate their taxonomic assignment, and provide detailed morphometric data for further comparisons. For three of these species, we also provide echolocation call data that are reported for the first time in India. Together, these new data highlight the need for a more robust and critical examination of the rich bat fauna existing in the foothills of the Himalaya.
Improving the validity, relevance and feasibility of the continuum of care framework for maternal health in South Africa: a thematic analysis of experts’ perspectives
Authors: Mothupi Mamothena Carol , Knight Lucia , Tabana Hanani 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The continuum of care is a key strategy for ensuring comprehensive service delivery for maternal health, while acknowledging the role of the social determinants of health. However, there is little research on the operationalisation of the framework by decision-makers and implementers to address maternal health challenges. The framework should be measurable and feasible for implementation in low- and middle-income country contexts. In this study, we explore experts’ perspective on monitoring indicators for continuum of care and key issues related to their use in the South African context.

Methods
We conducted key informant interviews with a range of experts in decision-making and programme implementation roles in the health system and relevant sectors. Key informants provided their perspectives on systematically selected, nationally representative monitoring indicators in terms of validity, relevance and feasibility. We interviewed 13 key informants and conducted a thematic analysis of their responses using multi-stage coding techniques in Atlas.ti 8.4.

Results
Experts believed that the continuum of care framework and monitoring indicators offer a multisectoral perspective for maternal health intervention missing in current programmes. To improve validity of monitoring indicators, experts suggested reflection on the use of proxy indicators and improvement of data to allow for equity analysis. In terms of relevance and feasibility, experts believe there was potential to foster co-accountability using continuum of care indicators. However, as experts stated, new indicators should be integrated that directly measure intersectoral collaboration for maternal health. In addition, experts recommended that the framework and indicators should evolve over time to reflect evolving policy priorities and public health challenges.

Conclusion
Experts, as decision-makers and implementers, helped identify key issues in the application of the continuum of care framework and its indicators. The use of local indicators can bring the continuum of care framework from an under-utilised strategy to a useful tool for action and decision-making in maternal health. Our findings point to measurement issues and systematic changes needed to improve comprehensive monitoring of maternal health interventions in South Africa. Our methods can be applied to other low- and middle-income countries using the continuum of care framework and locally available indicators.
Cardiorespiratory fitness and accelerometer-determined physical activity following one year of free-living high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training: a randomized trial
Authors: Jung M. E. , Locke S. R. , Bourne J. E. , Beauchamp M. R. , Lee T. , Singer J. , MacPherson M. , Barry J. , Jones C. , Little J. P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Free-living adherence to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has not been adequately tested. This randomized trial examined changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and accelerometer-measured purposeful physical activity over 12 months of free-living HIIT versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT).

Methods
Ninety-nine previously low-active participants with overweight/obesity were randomly assigned to HIIT (n = 47) or MICT (n = 52). Both interventions were combined with evidence-based behaviour change counselling consisting of 7 sessions over 2 weeks. Individuals in HIIT were prescribed 10 X 1-min interval-based exercise 3 times per week (totalling 75 min) whereas individuals in MICT were prescribed 150 min of steady-state exercise per week (50 mins 3 times per week). Using a maximal cycling test to exhaustion with expired gas analyses, CRF was assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of free-living exercise. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of 10+ minutes (MVPA10+) was assessed by 7-day accelerometry at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Intention to treat analyses were conducted using linear mixed models.

Results
CRF was improved over the 12 months relative to baseline in both HIIT (+ 0.15 l/min, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.23) and MICT (+ 0.11 l/min, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.18). Both groups improved 12-month MVPA10+ above baseline (HIIT: + 36 min/week, 95% CI 17 to 54; MICT: + 69 min/week, 95% CI 49 to 89) with the increase being greater (by 33 min, 95% CI 6 to 60) in MICT (between group difference, P = 0.018).

Conclusion
Despite being prescribed twice as many minutes of exercise and accumulating significantly more purposeful exercise, CRF improvements were similar across 12 months of free-living HIIT and MICT in previously low-active individuals with overweight/obesity.
Is Supraclavicular Block as Good as Interscalene Block for Acute Pain Control Following Shoulder Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hussain Nasir , Costache Ioana , Kumar Nicolas , Essandoh Michael , Weaver Tristan , Wong Patrick , Tierney Sarah , Rose Peter , McCartney Colin J. L. , Abdallah Faraj W. 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND:
Interscalene block (ISB) is the acute pain management technique of choice for shoulder surgery, but its undesirable respiratory side effects have prompted seeking alternatives. Supraclavicular block (SCB) is proposed as an ISB alternative, but evidence of comparative analgesic and respiratory-sparing effects is inconsistent. We compared the analgesic and respiratory effects of SCB and ISB for shoulder surgery.

METHODS:
Trials comparing ISB to SCB for shoulder surgery were sought. We decided a priori that SCB would be an acceptable alternative if it were noninferior for (1) postoperative 24-hour cumulative oral morphine equivalent consumption (primary outcome, noninferiority margin Δ = −25 mg) and (2) postoperative pain (secondary outcome, noninferiority margin Δ = 4.0 cm·hour–1); and superior for (3) postblock respiratory dysfunction (primary outcome). Opioid-related side effects and block-related complications were also evaluated.

RESULTS:
Fifteen studies (1065 patients) were analyzed. In single-injection blocks, SCB was noninferior to ISB for 24-hour morphine consumption (mean difference for SCB-ISB, MD [95% confidence interval {CI}] = −3.11 mg [−9.42 to 3.19], Δ = −25 mg); it was also noninferior for 24-hour pain scores (MD = 0.78 cm·hour–1 [0.07–1.49], Δ = 4.0 cm·hour–1); and decreased the odds of respiratory dysfunction (odds ratio [OR] [95% CI] = 0.08 [0.01–0.68]). Similarly, in continuous blocks, SCB was noninferior to ISB for 24-hour morphine consumption (MD = 0.46 mg [−6.08 to 5.15], Δ = −25 mg), and decreased the odds of respiratory dysfunction (OR = 0.22 [0.08–0.57]). SCB also decreased odds of minor block-related complications (OR = 0.36 [0.20–0.68] and OR = 0.25 [0.15–0.41] for single-injection and continuous blocks, respectively). Consequently, the null joint-hypothesis was rejected, and SCB can be considered an acceptable alternative to ISB.

CONCLUSIONS:
For acute pain control following shoulder surgery, high-quality evidence indicates that SCB can be used as an effective ISB alternative. SCB is noninferior for postoperative opioid consumption and acute pain, and it reduces the odds of postblock respiratory dysfunction.
Die Judäer/Aramäer von Elephantine und ihre Religion
Authors: Schipper Bernd U. 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Judäer/Aramäer waren Teil einer multikulturellen Gemeinschaft in der Siedlung von Elephantine. Sie hatten – analog zu einem kleinen ägyptischen Heiligtum – einen eigenen Tempel und orientierten sich am Kult des Hauptgottes von Elephantine (Schwurformel bei »Jahu und Chnum«). Dies änderte sich mit der Mission des Hananjah im Jahr 419, der einen Erlass Darius’ II. über eine Kalenderfrage nutzte, um religiöse Maßnahmen durchzuführen, die auf eine Abgrenzung von der ägyptischen Religion hinausliefen. Die Zerstörung des Jahu-Tempels im Jahr 410 war in der Kultpraxis verursacht, da das Ritual des Brandopfers in Konkurrenz zum ägyptischen Haupttempel des Chnum stand. Demgegenüber orientierte sich der Kult im wiederaufgebauten Jahu-Tempel an ägyptischen Vorgaben (Jahu-Triade).
Hormonal Treatment and Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Transgender Adolescents
Authors: Klaver Maartje , de Mutsert Renée , van der Loos Maria A.T.C. , Wiepjes Chantal M. , Twisk Jos W.R. , den Heijer Martin , Rotteveel Joost , Klink Daniel T. 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The effects of endocrinological treatment on cardiovascular risk profile in transgender adolescents are unknown. In this retrospective cohort study, we aim to investigate these effects and assess obesity and dyslipidemia prevalence in transgender adolescents at 22 years compared with peers.

METHODS:
Changes in BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glucose, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid values during treatment, along with the prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia at 22 years, were recorded in 71 transwomen and 121 transmen who started gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists in their adolescence (15 years), with a subsequent addition of sex hormones (17 years).

RESULTS:
In transwomen, changes in BMI (+3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6 to 4.4), SBP (−2 mm Hg; 95% CI −7 to 3), DBP (+10 mm Hg; 95% CI 7 to 14), glucose (0.0 mmol/L; 95% CI −0.2 to 0.2), HOMA-IR (+0.6; 95% CI −0.6 to 1.9), and lipid values were similar or more favorable compared with peers. The same was true for transmen regarding changes in BMI (+2.3; 95% CI 1.7 to 2.9), SBP (+7 mm Hg; 95% CI 3 to 10), DBP (+7 mm Hg; 95% CI 5 to 10), glucose (+0.1 mmol/L; 95% CI −0.1 to 0.3), HOMA-IR (−0.2; 95% CI −0.8 to 0.3), and lipid values. At age 22, obesity prevalence was 9.9% in transwomen, 6.6% in transmen, 2.2% in ciswomen, and 3.0% in cismen.

CONCLUSIONS:
Generally, endocrinological treatment in transgender adolescents is safe regarding cardiovascular risk. Because obesity is more prevalent in transgender adolescents compared with peers, body weight management should be important during the medical trajectory.
Implementasi Kebijakan Sekolah Tentang Poin Pelanggaran Tata Tertib Siswa Dalam Membentuk Perilaku Siswa Yang Berkaraktar di SMA Negeri 7 Kediri
Authors: Qisthi Churiyatul , Rahmadiah Annisa 
Published: February 2020

Salah satu masalah yang paling urgen untuk segera ditangani di Indonesia adalah persoalan pendidikan karakter pada siswa. Dengan demikian, sekolah memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam membangun dan membentuk perilaku para generasi muda supaya menjadi generasi yang berkarakter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1). mendeskripsikan model pelaksanaan kebijakan sekolah tentang poin pelanggaran tata tertib siswa 2). mendeskripsikan hambatan-hambatan dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan sekolah tentang poin pelanggaran tata tertib siswa. 3). mendeskripsikan upaya-upaya mengatasi hambatan dalam melaksanakan kebijakan sekolah tentang poin pelanggaran tata tertib siswa. 4). mendeskripsikan implementasi kebijakan sekolah tentang poin pelanggaran tata tertib siswa di SMAN 7 Kediri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis study kasus. Objek yang diteliti adalah SMAN 7 Kediri. Peneliti mengobservasi suatu kebijakan yang telah ada dengan menggunakan pengamatan, wawancara langsung dan studi dokumen. Dalam wawancara peneliti melibatkan WAKA Humas, Tim Tata Tertib (Tatib), guru BK, serta peserta didik. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman, yaitu kondensasi data, display data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Keabsahan data menggunakan triangaluasi dan diskusi teman sejawat.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: 1). Pelanggaran tata tertib siswa dengan menggunakan poin pelanggaran, 2). Hambatan-hambatan dalam pelaksanaan tata tertib siswa meliputi hambatan lingkungan fisik sekolah dan kesadaran siswa. 3). Upaya mengatasi hambatan pelaksanaan tata tertib siswa dilakukan dengan cara kepala sekolah mengadakan pembinaan guru, karyawan, dan semua elemen yang ada di sekolah 4). Dampak kebijakan sekolah adalah jumlah pelanggaran yang dilakukan siswa menurun, perilaku siswa sudah mulai menunjukkan adanya perilaku yang berkarakter diantaranya, berdisiplin, menghormati norma-norma hukum yang berlaku, bertanggung jawab, bergaya hidup sehat.
Sumber Daya Dalam Implementasi Kebijakan pendidikan Inklusi di SDN Betet 1 Kediri
Authors: Kusnia Nurin 
Published: February 2020

Pendidikan yang baik, ketika mampu mengakomodir seluruh peserta didik, pendidikan yang memberikan pelayanan tanpa membedakan kondisi fisik, mental, intelektual, sosial, emosi, dan sebagainya, di mana semua anak dapat belajar bersama-sama, baik di sekolah formal maupun non formal yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi dan kebutuhan masing-masing anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendiskripsikan sumber daya dalam implementasi pendidikan inklusi di SDN Betet 1 Kediri. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi.Dalam pelaksanaan implementasi kebijakan penyelenggaraan inklusi di SDN Betet 1 Kediri terdapat beberapa masalah sumber daya. Sumber daya dalam implementasi penyelenggaraan inklusi ini memiliki masalah yaitu mengenai kuranganya guru pendamping khusus (GPK), tidak ada tenaga psikologi, terapis, dan tim khususnya, tidak tersedianya ruang khusus penanganan anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK), ruang kelas untuk anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK) yang kurang memadai. Hasi penelitia menunjukan bahwa sumber daya dalam implementasi kebijakan masih mengalami kendala. Oleh karena itu, perlu segera dialokasikan sumber daya manusia dan non manusia yang belum tersedia agar proses pembelajaran dapat berjalan secara maksimal.
Water in the Star-forming Region NGC 7129 FIRS 2
Authors: Conrad Mollie E. , Fich Michel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Observations of intermediate mass (IM) star formation are expected to highlight the transition between the formation processes of its low and high-mass (HM) counterparts.

and

observations of the IM star formation region NGC 7129 FIRS 2 were obtained with the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared aboard the Herschel Space Observatory; most as part of the WISH key-program. The radiative transfer program RATRAN was used to model water emission from the envelope of this star-forming region. We consider the envelope in two regions, inner and outer envelope, which are separated by the water freeze-out radius. An outer envelope ortho-H

O/H2 abundance was determined to be 3.5 ± 0.3 × 10−11, and an outer turbulent velocity was determined to be 2.25 ± 0.25 km s−1. The outer envelope ortho-H2
16O/H2 and para-H2
16O/H2 abundances were determined to be 1.5 ± 0.5 × 10−8 and 4.5 ± 0.5 × 10−9, respectively. The inner envelope abundances and turbulent velocity could not be constrained due to increased optical depth. The derived values are consistent with those found by low-mass (LM) and HM young stellar object studies of water. While the line shapes and intensities of these lines are more similar to the spectral lines found for LM objects, the turbulent velocity is closer to that seen in HM objects. Lastly, we present a simple visualization tool that we created to show that these abundance results, particularly the limited extent probed by these lines, should not have been a surprise. This tool can be very useful in planning future molecular line observations.
Model-independent Constraints on Lorentz Invariance Violation: Implication from Updated Gamma-Ray Burst Observations
Authors: Pan Yu , Qi Jingzhao , Cao Shuo , Liu Tonghua , Liu Yuting , Geng Shuaibo , Lian Yujie , Zhu Zong-Hong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Astrophysical observations provide a unique opportunity to test possible signatures of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV), due to the high energies and long distances involved. In quantum theory of gravity, one may expect the modification of the dispersion relation between energy and momentum for photons, which can be probed with the time lag (the arrival time delay between light curves in different energy bands) of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). In this paper, by using the detailed time delay measurements of GRB 160625B at different energy bands, as well as 23 time delay GRBs covering the redshift range of z = 0.168–2.5 (which were measured at different energy channels from the light curves), we propose an improved model-independent method (based on the newly compiled sample of H(z) measurements) to probe the energy-dependent velocity due to the modified dispersion relation for photons. In the framework of a more complex and reasonable theoretical expression to describe the time delays, our results imply that the intrinsic time lags can be better described with more GRB time delay data. More importantly, through direct fitting of the time delay measurements of a sample of GRBs, our limit on the LIV energy scale is comparable to that with unknown constant for the intrinsic time lag, much lower than the Planck energy scale in both linear LIV and quadratic LIV cases.
A Massive Young Runaway Star in W49 North
Authors: Rodríguez Luis F. , Galván-Madrid Roberto , Sanchez-Bermudez Joel , Pree Christopher G. De 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We analyzed high-angular resolution 45.5 GHz images of the W49 North massive star-forming region obtained in 1998 and 2016 with the Very Large Array. Most of the ultracompact H ii regions show no detectable changes over the time interval of the observations. However, subcomponents B1, B2, G2a, and G2c have increased its peak flux densities by values in the range of 3.8%–21.4%. Most interestingly, the cometary region C clearly shows proper motions that at the distance of the region are equivalent to a velocity of 76 ± 6 km s−1 in the plane of the sky. We interpret this region as the ionized bowshock produced by a runaway O6 ZAMS star that was ejected from the eastern edge of Welch’s ring about 6400 yr ago.