bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of fruit and bunch of mapanget tall and Indonesia coconut hybrid with several planting distance using AMMI model and GGE biplot analysis
Authors: Matana Y , Miftahorrachman  , Nur M , Romadhon M R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Coconut plantations with new system of planting distance allow wider use of distance under the coconut than the conventional planting distance. Evaluation stability ofMapanget coconut (DMT) and KHINA hybrid coconut at various planting distance systems can be used as a recommendation for the development of coconuts with new planting distance in the most suitable environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of the yields of DMT and KHINA grown with various distance models for five years observation. The experiment was arranged in a factorial experiment design consistsof 8 treatments with 2 replications, in the Mapanget Experimental Garden, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, for 5 years from 2014 to 2018. The results showed that the combined analysis variance was significantly different (F < 0.05) both GXE interaction for the number of fruits, while the character number of bunches is not different. The results of AMMI Biplot showed that Khina coconut with the most stable distance of 9 x 9 m followed by Khina coconut with a distance of 5x16 for land use under coconut plants with intercropping suggested using a distance of 5x16 m.
Morphological characteristics and productivity of sugar palm saps at several levels of tapping age
Authors: Wardani D K , Junaedi A , Yahya S , Sunarti TC 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr is a multipurpose plant, its main product is sugar palm saps containing sugar collected by tapping the male inflorescence. The aim of the research is to evaluate the morphological characteristics, productivity, and quality of saps from three levels of tapping age (early, mid, and final tapping). The results showed that the morphological characteristics at three age levels of tapping have a high diversity in morphological variables (plant height, stem circumference, number of leaves, and number of female inflorescence). The productivity component of palm saps can be described as follows: tapping period between 15-214 days; morning saps volume between 41.30-1511 l/inflorescence; afternoon saps volume between 34.80-1139 l/inflorescence; total saps volume between 76.10-2650 l/inflorescence; morning saps discharge between 0.20-0.96 liter/inflorescence/hour; afternoon saps discharge between 0.23-0.67 l/inflorescence/hour; and productivity of saps between 4.47-14.62 l/inflorescence/day. The volume productivity of the sap at the initial tapping age level is relatively low (between 323.00-614.20 l/inflorescence), increase at the mid tapping age (between 570.20-2 650.00 l/inflorescence), and decrease at the final tapping age (between 76.10-445.00 l/inflorescence). The quality of palm saps are: total soluble solids between 11.00-16.80%, pH of saps between 7.00-7.10, and sugar content between 8.09-13.52%.
Increasing oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) production by the application of humic substance and zeolite as carrier
Authors: Suwardi  , Pratiwi D F , Suryaningtyas D T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Oil palm is considered as the flagship plantation crop in Indonesia in terms of developed area and its contribution to national GDP. It can grow well enough even on marginal lands such as in acid sulfate soils, acid soils, and peat soils given high annual rainfall and good site management, particularly in terms of controlled soil water regimes. However, many oil palm plantations in the country, especially those developed and managed by rural farmers, still suffer from relatively low production yields. This can be attributed to poor soil quality, which are characterized mainly by low pH, CEC, and organic C values. Thus, in order to increase oil palm production, soil amendment practices, such as fertilization, are required. Humic substances are complex organic compounds that can improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils and stimulate plant growth. However, they are generally applied in the field in small quantities, in liquid form. As such, humic substances in the soil can be leached quickly, hence, a carrying and binding medium is needed to hold them longer and release them back slowly. Zeolite, which is a highly porous and adsorbent material and has a high cation exchange capacity (CEC), can serve this function. Thus, this study aimed to increase oil palm production by using humic substance with zeolite as carrier. Twelve treatment combinations, consisting of 4 doses of humic substance (HS): 0 L/ha (H0), 5 L/ha (H1), 10 L/ha (H2), and 15 L/ha (H3); and 3 doses of carrier zeolite: 0 kg of zeolite/L HS (Z0), 10 kg of zeolite/L HS (Z1), and 20 kg of zeolite/L HS (Z2). Each treatment was applied to oil palm trees aged 6 years in Block 26, Compartment 1 of PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) VIII in Cimulang, Bogor. The results showed that the application of humic substance could increase gross fresh fruit bunch (FFB) weight. The application of 10 L of humic substance with 20 kg zeolite/L HS (H2Z2) produced FFB that can yield 32 tons/ha/year, or a 30% increment, compared to Control. In summary, the best treatment combination in this study was 10 L/ha HS with 20 kg zeolite carrier for every liter HS.
Acceleration and improvement of productivity by inorganic and organic fertilizer application for six-year-old mature palm oil
Authors: Sudradjat  , Ummah A S , Surahman M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this research are to study the effect of single fertilizer package, compound NPK fertilizer package, organic fertilizer package, and micro fertilizer package on growth (morphology and physiology), and productivity for six-year-old oil palm. The research was conducted from April 2018 to March 2019 at IPB-Cargill Oil Palm Teaching Farm, Jonggol, Bogor, West Java. The research was designed in Randomized Complete Group with three repetitions. There are eleven treatments: control (P0), 3 kg urea + 2 kg SP-36 + 3 kg KCl + 50 g Borat + 50 g CuSO4.5H2O (P1), 6 kg urea + 4 kg SP-36 + 6 kg KCl + 50 g Borat + 50 g CuSO4.5H2O (P2), 9 kg urea + 6 kg SP-36 + 9 kg KCl + 50 g Borat + 50 g CuSO4.5H2O (P3), 4 kg + 50 g Borat + 50 g CuSO4. 5H2O (P4), 8 kg NPK + 50 g Borat + 50 g CuSO4.5H2O (P5), 12 kg NPK + 50 g Borat + 50 g CuSO4.5H2O (P6), 6 kg urea + 4 kg SP-36 + 6 kg KCl (P7), 8 kg NPK (P8), 6 kg urea + 4 kg SP-36 + 6 kg KCl + 100 kg organic fertilizer (P9), dan 6 kg urea + 4 kg SP-36 + 6 kg KCl + 200 kg organic fertilizer (P10) per plant per year. Data were analyzed with analysis variance, if there was a significant treatment effect, the further analysis using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed that inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer package significantly increased stem girth but did not significantly affect other morphologal variables. The treatments of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer package significantly increased effect of variable productivity (production number of bunches, number and weight of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) and productivity). The increased productivity with organic fertilizer package 6,0 kg urea + 4,0 kg SP-36 + 6,0 kg KCl + 100 kg organic fertilizer per plan per year (P9) is the higher effect (265.59%) compared to control.
Incidence and severity of mottle disease in black pepper plants (piper nigrum) in Sukamulya Research Station, Sukabumi Regency, West Java
Authors: Miftakhurohmah  , Hidayat S H , Mutaqin K H , Soekarno B P W , Wahyuno D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Mottle disease, caused by viral infection is one of the main disease in black pepper plants. Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) are recorded as the causal agent of mottle disease in several countries. Research was conducted at the Sukamulya Research Station, Sukabumi Regency, West Java, to observe disease incidence and identify the associated virus. Field observation and sampling was carried out on 50 black pepper plants, aged around 3-4 years. Virus detection was performed by PCR and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using a primer pair that amplified the ORF III of PYMoV (AIB 104/AIB 105), and CMV coat protein (AIB 1/AIB 2), followed by sequencing and analysis of nucleotide sequences. Incidence and severity of mottle disease in Sukamulya reached 100% and 32.50%, respectively. Specific DNA target were successfully amplified, i.e. 400 bp and 650 bp for PYMoV and CMV, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that PYMoV isolate from Sukamulya is closely related with PYMoV isolates from India (DQ83623); while CMV isolate from Sukamulya is closely related with CMV isolates from Indonesian bananas (AB069971), and it is belonged to subgroup 1B, as did CMV from black pepper in India (AY545924).
Acceleration adaption for integrated sugarcane cultivation technology through field laboratory practices
Authors: Cholid M , Machfud M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The use of superior varieties must involve cultivation aspects. The use of superior varieties supported by good cultivation techniques will provide higher sugarcane yields and productivity compared to conventional cultivation systems. Problems in sugarcane cultivation by farmers were identified and then those are used for assembling the suitable cultivation technology. The acceleration activity was carried out in Sukobendu village, Mantup District, Lamongan Regency, in January - December 2015 using an area of around 10 ha. The 10 ha land consists of 9 ha of farmer’s land, with providing qualified sugar cane seeds, while 1 ha is used for Field Laboratory media. In field laboratory plot, cultivation technique applied consted of budchip seeds, introduction of double planting systems, addition of organic fertilizers, optimal plant maintenance and proper leaf detrashing. The use of bud chip seeds resulted in a highest sugarcane production and farmers’ income. Implementation of integrated sugarcane cultivation technology in field laboratory could be an inspiration for the farmers to adopt the cultivation technology. These include unloading ratoon, the use of early mature and drought resistant varieties, bud chip seeds, double planting system, addition of organic fertilizer, and an optimal plant maintenance.
C synthetic gene of CryIAb-CryIAc fusion to generate resistant sugarcane to shoot or stem borer
Authors: Koerniati S , Sukmadjaja D , Samudra I M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The sugar yield lost caused by borer is about 10% or equal to 1000 kg of sugar/ha. There is no resistance trait to stem or shoot borer available in sugarcane germplasm. Genetic engineering by expressing of the Cry1Ab-Cry1Ac gene fusion is efforts to develop resistant variety to borer. A synthetic gene which consists of Rubisco gene promoter, chloroplast specific transit peptide (CTP) and the Cry1Ab-Cry1Ac was designed and assembled for a total size of 4019bp. It was inserted into pU3775CE plasmid cloning, and then into pCAMBIA5300_Ubi-tNOS plasmid vector at HindIII and KpnI sites, producing of pCAMBIA5300_RbcS::Cry1Ab- Cry1Ac. This plasmid was transforming into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and then transformed into Bulu Lawang (BL) sugarcane calli. Research aims were to identify lines produced from plant transformation molecularly and to evaluate their resistances against shoot borer. Methods applied were a DNA isolation and PCR using KAPA 2G ready mix and CryIAc-316F and CryIAc-316R primers, and plant bioassay with larva instar 1. Research progresses were 30 lines had been identified and proved containing of the cryIAc gene. Preliminary results of bioassay showed that there was variation among 10 BL Cry lines on shoots (from healthy to wilt and dry) and also on shoot borer conditions.
Food crops farming under Sunan candlenut (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) stand at Pati and Asembagus
Authors: Santoso B , Cholid M , Soemarno  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The main obstacle in developing Sunan candlenut plants is slow productive age (fruiting in the 5-6th year). By integrating food crops as intercrops between candlenut plants, farmers are expected to still be able to obtain income from intercropping before the candlenut plants produce. In addition, intercropping can optimize nutrient utilization from soil and fertilization, and increase soil fertility by using intercrop residual biomass. The selection of intercropping plants was adjusted to the interests of farmers by utilizing the space between the stands of candlenut trees. In the selection of food crops must be considered factors of climate suitability, altitude, soil type, cultivated soil layer thickness, and rain characteristics. This research was aimed to evaluate the farming income of intercropping candlenut with mung beans, sesame, peanut and maize. The research was conducted in Asembagus and Muktiharjo, where mung bean and sesame were planted in Asembagus, and peanuts and maize planted in Muktiharjo as intercropped plants. The results of farm analysis of each intercropping plant, namely: mung beans, sesame, peanut and maize each of them gave a profit per hectare of 11,380,000 IDR, 4,510,000 IDR, 24.375,000 IDR, and 6.080,000 IDR respectively.
Acceleration of productive age through candlenut [Reutealis trisperma (blanco) airy shaw] grafting method
Authors: Cholid M , Santoso B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The main constraints in toxic candlenut [Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] cultivation is late harvest time initiation, naturally begin to fruit at the age of 5-6 years after planting, so the crop management research is directed to more quickly harvest time (less than 5 years) through grafting. The study was carried out to determine grafting technique supporting high compatibility by studying aspects of scion sources and method of grafting, on grafting success and morphological performance during early process of graft formation and seedling stage, further plant growth. The treatment design used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications, consisting of five grafting treatments: 1) KS1/KS1 cleft grafting, 2) KS1/KS2 cleft grafting, 3) KS1/KS1 whip grafting, 4) KS1/KS2 whip grafting, and 5) KS1 plants from seed (ungrafted plant). The best grafting technique was treatment combination of scion of KS2 and top cleft or V-shaped grafting. Observation of 3 years old showed that the productive age of grafted plants faster than ungrafted plants. The highest percentage of flowering plants could be seen in the KS1/KS1 cleft grafting followed by KS1/KS1 whip grafting, KS1/KS2 cleft grafting and KS1/KS2 whip grafting. Whereas in plants that come from seeds had not entered the reproductive phase.
Developing of Indonesian colored cotton varieties to support sustainable traditional woven fabric industry
Authors: Hidayat T R S , Nurindah  , Sunarto D A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
There are four color groups of cotton fiber, namely white, brown, green and blue. The most cultivated colored-cottons are brown and green cotton fiber. The program for assembling colored-cotton varieties, especially brown color in Indonesia began in 2006. Crossing activities used three Indonesian National Cotton superior varieties, namely Kanesia 7, Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 as female founder and three cotton accessions with brown fiber cotton characters 73814, Multiple Dominant and RLBL as male founder. From crosses followed by selection based on desired character, tests of selected lines and multi-location tests of expected lines, we obtained 3 brown-cotton-fiber varieties with 3 color gradations: Bronesia 1 (light brown), Bronesia 2 (light brown), and Bronesia 3 (dark brown). The potential production of the three varieties are 909 kg, 859 kg, 1,010 kg fiber/ha, respectively. The quality of Bronesian cotton fiber is generally lower compared to the new superior varieties of white fiber cotton (Kanesia 16-Kanesia 23) for fiber length and strength. Cotton fibers of Bronesian varieties are classified as short fibers (23.2-25.7 mm), so that manual and conventional spinning techniques will produce yarn suitable for traditional weaving, especially for woven fabrics with brown based colors.
Evaluation and selection of Jatropha genotypes for biofuel
Authors: Heliyanto B. , Purwati R.D , Hartati R.S. , Sudarmo H. , Hasnam  , Djufry F. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Jatropha curcas L., a monoecious perennial shrub, has received attention nationwide during the past two decades. In 2006, the Indonesian government has decided to option for Jatropha and palm oils for in country biofuel production. To support the program, development of high yielding jatropha varieties is necessary. This paper reviews the latest Jatropha improvement program in Indonesia. From 2005 to 2006, germplasm collection was mobilized to various provinces in Jawa, Sumatera, Sulawesi and Nusa Tenggara islands and successfully collected a sizeable amount of jatropha germplasm which serves as a base population for selection. By applying a simple recurrent breeding selection based on fruit count per year, a significant improvement has been achieved. Seed yield productivity increased more than six-fold, from 0.36-ton dry seed per ha in the initial population (IP-0) to 2.4-ton seed yield per hectare in the third cycle of selection (IP-3). To improve further the seed yield per hectare, jatropha hybrid varieties was developed involving superior provenances. Hybrid variety named Jatropha Energy Terbarukan (JET) variety-2, was released in 2017 with seed yield potential of 2.6 ton per hectare. The potential use of this high yielding genotypes for biofuel is discussed.
Recent condition of clove death syndrome disease in Indonesia: epidemiology and causal agents
Authors: Widodo  , Supriyanto  , Prasetyo G D , Wiyono S , Triwidodo H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine symptoms and causal agents associated with clove death syndrome, and factors related to disease severity. This research was carried out through field observations on the severity of the disease, associated symptoms, and interviews with farmers regarding the cultivation techniques carried out. The results of the study were presented quantitatively with cross tabulations for the three research location districts, and 1 location, including Trenggalek District, complemented with correspondence analysis using the Chi square test. From surveys in three districts, Trenggalek, Semarang and Tegal, the highest probability of symptoms associated with clove death syndrome was stem borer + canker, stem canker, and stem borer + canker, respectively. Based on the results of the correspondence analysis in Trenggalek District using the chi square test (χ2: p <0.1), some factors, i.e. plant age, cropping patterns, doses of animal manure, Phospate (P) fertilzer dosage, weed conditions in the field, and frequency of weed control showed an association with the severity of the clove death syndrome. Further experimental research is needed to ensure that these factors are related to the severity of the disease syndrome.
Study of levels water salinity on the growth of varieties of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L) in Alfisols
Authors: Syamsiyah J , Rahayu  , Herawati A , Binafsihi W 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The phenomenon of global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer due to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions has an effect on rising sea levels due to the melting of ice in the polar of the earth, potential pairs of saline water occur on land. This event could threaten the continuity of shallot cultivation on the northern coast of Java Island. Salinity causes disruption of germination and growth of shallots, as well as physiological disorders. This study aimed to determine the tolerance level of salinity, the effect of salinity on the nutrient’s uptake and productivity of shallots on Alfisols. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors, (1) the level of salinity (0, 1, 2 and 3 dS m-1) and shallot varieties (Purbalingga and Brebes). The salinity increased 1 to 3 dS m-1 tends to decresae N, P, K uptake, the yields of Shallot and exchangeable-Ca. The soil pH, electrical conductivity and exchangeable-Na were increased with increasing salinity of water irigation.
A study on tribological behavior of Al-4%Mg incorporated with MoS2
Authors: Senthil Kumar S , Sudhakara Pandian R , Pitchipoo P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This investigation studies the dry sliding wear behavior of Al-4Mg matrix composites reinforced with different wt% of molybdenum disulfide (2, 4 & 6 wt%) produced using powder metallurgy route. The processed powders are initially characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). To authenticate the decisive distribution of the reinforcement particles with the matrix material, SEM analysis has been employed. The wear test is conducted on a pin-on-disc machine based on L27 orthogonal array with three control factors (three level) sliding velocity (0.5, 2.0, 3.5 m s−1), applied load (5, 15, 25 N) and sliding distance (500, 750, 1000 m) to inspect the responses namely wear loss and coefficient of friction. Moreover, the worn surface and wear debris analysis of the composite pin surface have been examined through SEM to identify the wear mechanism. It has been identified that the development of lubricant layer is diminished by increasing the wt% of MoS2 particulates and the wear loss is diminished. Likewise, diminutive debris have attained in the worn surface of Al-Mg-6 wt% MoS2 composite material, since effectual solid lubricant properties have been exposed. Higher plastic deformation is attained at amplified load and it affects the pin surface and thus, Coefficient of Friction (COF) is augmented.
Annealing and plasma treatment effect on structural, morphological and topographical properties of evaporated β-In2S3 films
Authors: Rasool S , Saritha K , Reddy K T Ramakrishna , Tivanov M S , Gremenok V F , Zimin S P , Pipkova A S , Mazaletskiy L A , Amirov I I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Indium sulfide (In2S3) is a wide bandgap semiconductor, which is widely used as a window/buffer layer in thin film solar cell applications. In2S3 thin films were deposited using thermal evaporation technique and were annealed in sulfur ambient at 200 °C and 250 °C. Further, these films were treated in inductively coupled argon plasma sputtering with an average argon ion energy of 75 eV for 30 s. The paper presents the effect of Ar-plasma treatment on structure, elemental composition, morphology and topography of In2S3 films and the results were reported. Further, the optimized In2S3 layers were continued for plasma etching process with an average argon ion energy of 25 eV to study the effect of plasma etching duration on the growth of metallic indium nanoparticles over the film surface and the results were discussed in detail.
Learning How to Tell, Learning How to Ask: Reciprocity and Storytelling as a Community Process
Authors: De Fina Anna , Paternostro Giuseppe , Amoruso Marcello 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, we discuss the discursive processes that surround storytelling of traumatic experiences in the case of minor asylum seekers involved in the recent migration flow to Italian ports. We argue that in order to understand not only how traumatic experiences are told but also how they are overcome, it is necessary to focus on the reciprocal relationships and impact of the members of the communities in which migrants are received. Such approach shifts the focus from the content of stories toward the protagonists of their tellings and from asylum seekers as ‘subjects’ to asylum seekers as members of communities to which they and others contribute. The article is based on narrative data collected through an ongoing project with teachers, researchers, and minor asylum seekers involved in a school of Italian Language for Foreigners in Palermo.