bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first stages of formation communication means in Khorezm
Authors: Izzat Sultanovich Yusupov 
Published: February 2020

In this article, there was highlighted the appearance and formation of communication service in human history, especially, in Khorezm the history of development of communication system dates back to early ancient. Appearance, formation and development processes of it in Khorezm oasis covers several thousand years. In the early periods, the population of the oasis had to use various ways to satisfy their requirements of communicating and relating with each other.
It is necessary to emphasize that the geographical location of the oasis also was of great importance in the appearance and peculiar development of communication service in ancient times, together with the ancient history of communications with nomadic tribes in indoor and outdoor territories and states. Because the needs of rulers for the information about the situation in dependent territories always increased after the formation of slave-owning society.
The beginning of paying attention to the development of controlling the system of sending and receiving messages and organizing special systems is a process continuously connected with the emergence of writings and there appeared opportunities of sending messages and information in written form because of letters.
One of the ancient communication objects, postal service was an object of sending decrees and messages and it was organized in the oasis as state system in the 5th and 4th centuries B.C.. As a result there was organized postal service along caravan roads. There was left information that news bearers and ambassadors of kings were provided with food and fast-running horses in special stops on the ways and they had their peculiar costume and order (payza) approving their profession and position.
Those stops were the reason for the rise of communication to a new stage together with serving as a place where tar couriers rest and change their horses.
Directions and problems of research of modern industrial cities in Uzbekistan
Authors: Dilshod Ochilovich Haydarov 
Published: February 2020

This paper makes analyses of the directions and problems of the research of modern industrial cities. Evidences of Uzbek cities were given in the example of the Central Asia. On this case, lifestyle of the people with major point were directed research topic. Also, possible point to observe a further research directions to increase in the role and status of cities as an economic and Cultural Center were investigated and pointed out for the further developments.
Peculiarities of using shrines in Fergana Valley for the Purpose of Tourism
Authors: Nodira  Gulomjonovna Nazarova , Mahbuba Sobirjonovna Madrahimova 
Published: February 2020

This article describes the role and significance of shrines in developing pilgrimage tourism industry.The essence ofshrines impact to the economy of the countryis also disclosed.This article encourages foreign tourist and nativeto learn and stay informed.In particular, the importance shrines for today are emphasized. The article reveals thatpilgrimage tourism is the type of tourism that entirely or powerfully motivates tourists for the achievement of religious attitude and practices. Pilgrimage tourism is one of the oldest types of visiting the attractions and a global experience in the olden times of spiritual growth.
Stakeholders Perception of Economics Teachers Mastery of Professional Skills in Senior Secondary Schools in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunode Niyi. J. 
Published: February 2020

This paper is aimed to investigate the stakeholder perception of economics teacher mastery of professional skills in senior secondary school in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. The study was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses were tested. The study adopted a correlation research design. The study population comprised 150 secondary school senior economics students and 20 stakeholders within the schools system in Abaji. Stratified proportionate sampling technique was used to sample 170 respondents from the population of the study. The researchers developed one sets of instruments titled ‘‘Stakeholders perception of Economics Teacher Questionnaire (SPETQ)’’ was used for data collection. The instrument was subjected to face and content validation by two experts who are lecturers; two in Department of economics education university of Abuja. Cronbach alpha was employed for the reliability test and this yielded a coefficient of 0.78, 0.68 and 0.81 for the three parts of (SPETQ) and 0.78 . Pearson product moment coefficient was used in answering the research questions and t-test was used in testing the hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed among others that most economics teachers have adequate knowledge of their subject matter, good at lesson plan/lesson note writing skills, effective use of instructional aides, good evaluation skills, good at classroom management skills and marking and recording skills. also revealed that there That most economics teachers performs their job below expectation on the bases of comes to class regularly, gives enough assignment and class exercises, comes to class with his/her lesson plan, marks and records the CA and students exams on time and corrections of failed C.A and assignment in the class. Based on the findings, conclusion was drawn and it was recommended among others that government should provide training programme should be put in place by the government to refresh the economics teachers on the mastery of their professional skills. Some states in Nigeria have started on the job training for their teachers to upgrade the teachers. This should be extended to other states and the government should constant supervision of secondary to ensure that every teacher is doing its work. The principal should ensure effective instructional supervision in order to keep them at par with their foreign counterparts.
The role of traditional education in the cultural life of turkestan: problems and reforms (Second half of 19 - beginning of 20 century)
Authors: Ziyaeva Dono Khamidovna 
Published: February 2020

In this article, the second half of the 19 century – the beginning of the 20 century, the cultural life of the Turkestan country is widely covered by the example of the educational system. Schools and madrassahs, which are considered part of traditional education, provide full information about the pedagogical process, providing detailed information on educational activities, software, the list of subjects to be taught, as well as textbooks. Also, the author studied the problems existing in the educational system of that period and analyzed the ways of their elimination.
In this regard, the role of representatives of the educational sphere in the society, the opportunities created for students and educators are mentioned, and the specific position of the educational system in the cultural life of society is widely covered.
Development of transportation types and their usage on caravan roads in middle ages
Authors: Ergashev Jahongir Yunusugli 
Published: February 2020

During the existence of the Bukhara khanate, the economic and trade relations with neighboring countries on the territory of Central Asia have been largely based on transport system of the old network of roads. Along with the formation and development of communication routes, transportation vehicles also improved based on the natural climate and geographical location of different regions. In the following article the info is given on the means of the transport used in the caravan routes in the trade-economic relations of khanate of Bukhara with neighboring countries in medieval times. Included there, the starting of domestication and usage of horse drawn vehicles, camels, donkeys and others, the capacity of daily load of camels, horses, donkeys which were core of caravans, their daily distance, the necessary tasks in the incidents occurred in caravan routes (injuries, bruises, contagious diseases) the stopping regulation of caravans (sand storm, in heat and frost) is thoroughly analyzed.
Evaluation of Improved Valencia Peanut Varieties for Production in Haiti
Authors: Fulmer A.M. , Brenneman T.B. , Kemerait R.C. , Macajoux R. , Carroll D.A. , Faroutine G. , Sheard W. , Dorzan P. , Rhoads J.A. , MacDonald G.E. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) and peanut rust (Puccinia arachidis) are the most important diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Haiti. Traditional Haitian peanut varieties are not only susceptible to these diseases but are also typically grown without benefit of a fungicide program. Five trials were conducted from 2015 to 2017 to evaluate the performance of six Valencia varieties in Quartier-Morin, Haiti (with an additional trial in 2017 at the Central Plateau) with respect to yield, resistance to rust and leaf spot diseases, and response to a fungicide program. A split-plot design with four or six replications was used in these studies. In each, “variety” was the whole plot and presence or absence of a fungicide program was the subplot. Valencia market types 309 Red, 309 Tan, M2, M3, SGV0801 and a local landrace were compared with and without Muscle ADV (tebuconazole + chlorothalonil, Sipcam) (2.3 L/ha) applied at 45, 60 and 75 days after planting (DAP). Final disease ratings (late leaf spot and peanut rust) were assessed approximately 94 DAP and plots were harvested the day following. In all trials, 309 Tan variety had the least amount of leaf spot and rust, but resulted in the lowest yield in four out of five trials, averaging 1727 kg/ha across fungicide treatments. M3, M2 and 309 Red were generally the numerically highest-yielding varieties, averaging 2906, 2864 and 2541 kg/ha across fungicide treatments, respectively, but were not statistically higher than the local Haitian Valencia, averaging 2374 kg/ha. Three fungicide applications during the season significantly increased yields in most trials for all varieties except 309 Tan. The highest and lowest average increase in yield from fungicide was for 309 Red (1126 kg/ha) and 309 Tan (103 kg/ha), respectively. The results from this study conducted over 2 years and 4 seasons document that while resistance to late leaf spot and rust is available in Valencia varieties, yield potential is not directly associated with that resistance. Also, use of fungicide improves yield potential in more susceptible varieties.
HUBUNGAN STATUS IMUNISASI DAN PERAN PETUGAS IMUNISASI DENGAN KEJADIAN CAMPAK DI KABUPATEN MUNA
Authors: Falawati Waode Fera 
Published: February 2020

Campak merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan dan banyak terjadi pada bayi dan anak. Terjadi KLB campak di Kabupaten Muna di beberapa wilayah Puskesmas pada tahun 2017 dan banyak menyerang anak-anak. Tujuan: Penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status imunisasi dan peran petugas imunisasi dengan kejadian campak di Kabupaten Muna. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain case control. Populasi adalah semua penderita campak tahun 2017. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 95 kasus dan 95 kontrol. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuisioner, wawancara dan dianalisis secara deskriptif, inferensial dan epidemiologi. Hasil : Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa status imunisasi berhubungan dengan kejadian campak di Kabupaten Muna dimana X2 hitung > X2 tabel (62,043 > 3,841), dengan OR: 29,963 ; CI95%; 10,171- 88,274, dan peran petugas imunisasi tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian campak di Kabupaten Muna dimana diperoleh nilai X2 hitung < X2 tabel (1,604< 3,841) dengan OR: 0,635; CI95%: 0,339-1,188. Kesimpulan: Untuk mendapatkan kekebalan dari penyakit campak anak harus mendapatkan imunisasi campak pada usia 9 bulan, 24 bulan dan pada saat kelas 1 SD, peran petugas juga sangat diperlukan terutama pada manajemen rantai vaksin dan pelaksanaan posyandu.
Penanggulangan putus sekolah dengan pelibatan orang tua di Desa Rumpin
Authors: Larasati Agnesita Widi 
Published: February 2020

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan konsep yang dapat menanggulangi putus sekolah yang berada di Desa Rumpin dengan pelibatan orang tua. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey dengan sampel 30 responden orang tua dan anak putus sekolah yang ada di Desa Rumpin Bogor. Dengan cara penentuan sampel, jadi memilih beberapa responden yang telah ditentukan oleh peneliti. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) faktor penyebab anak putus sekolah di Desa Rumpin Bogor karena keadaan ekonomi yang membuat orang tua tidak bisa membiayai anaknya sekolah, ada juga karena pola pikir orang tua yang kurang mengetahui pentingnya pendidikan bagi masa depan, jarak lokasi rumah ke sekolah yang jauh dan akses jalur menuju sekolah juga transportasi kendaraan yang kurang memadai. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa upaya penaggulangan anak putus sekolah di Desa Rumpin Bogor dengan cara upaya penanggulangan secara preventif atau biasa disebut dengan pencegahan, upaya penanggulangan secara represif atau disebut dengan penanggulangan dan yang terakhir dengan cara pembinaan. Untuk itu pentingnya pelibatan atau partisipasi orang tua dalam penanggulangan putus sekolah yang ada di Desa Rumpin Bogor. Agar setidaknya dapat berkurang anak-anak yang putus sekolah di Desa Rumpin Bogor.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><em>This study aims to find concepts that can overcome dropouts in Rumpin Village with the involvement of parents. The research method used was a survey method with a sample of 30 respondents parents and school dropouts in Rumpin Village, Bogor. By way of determining the sample, so choose some respondents who have been determined by researchers. The results of this study indicate that (1) the factors causing children to drop out of school in Rumpin Village Bogor due to economic conditions that make parents unable to pay for their children to go to school, there is also because the mindset of parents who do not know the importance of education for the future, the distance from home to distant schools and access routes to schools are also inadequate vehicle transportation. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the effort to prevent school drop-outs in Rumpin Village in Bogor is preventive or commonly referred to as prevention, repressive measures or referred to as countermeasures, and finally by coaching. For this reason, the importance of involving or participating parents in overcoming school dropouts in Rumpin Village, Bogor. In order to at least reduce the number of children who drop out of school in Bogor Rumpin Village.</em></p>
Penanggulangan penganguran dengan pelatihan keterampilan menjahit
Authors: Rahayu Anita 
Published: February 2020

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan konsep yang dapat digunakan untuk menanggulangi pengangguran di Desa Girimulya dengan pelatihan keterampilan menjahit, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey dengan sampel sebanyak 30 orang Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil penelitian untuk pengaruh jumlah penduduk, tingkat pengangguran dan tingkat pendidikan terhadap kemiskinan menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengangguran dan tingkat pendidikan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan sedangkan jumlah penduduk tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemiskinan. Saran yang harus dilakukan pemerintah adalah dengan memperhatikan peningkatan kualitas SDM, dengan cara membuat pelatihan-pelatihan untuk meningkatkan pendidikan dan keterampilan tenaga kerja agar bisa bersaing dalam memperoleh pekerjaan sehingga tidak terjerat dalam kemiskinan.</p>
EDUKASI PEMBERIAN MAKANAN TAMBAHAN BAGI IBU BALITA GIZI KURANG
Authors: Limanto Susana , Liliana Liliana , Purba Surono 
Published: February 2020

Anak adalah calon calon generasi penerus bangsa yang perlu disiapkan sejak dini sehingga mampu menjadi Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) penerus bangsa yang berkualitas. Proses untuk menyiapkan SDM yang berkualitas seharusnya sudah dimulai sejak perencanaan pernikahan, masa kehamilan, kelahiran, anak, dewasa, hingga lansia. Masa yang paling kritis adalah masa kehamilan dan kelahiran sampai dengan usia 1000 hari pertama kelahiran. Untuk itu, pada usia tersebut diperlukan zat gizi yang bermutu dan memadai. Pemerintah bertanggungjawab untuk menyediakan sarana dan prasarana kesehatan sehingga masyarakat dapat memperoleh layanan kesehatan yang layak secara merata. Pelayanan yang diberikan oleh puskesmas Sawahan terutama diperuntukkan bagi masyarakat di kelurahan Sawahan dan Petemon. Data tahun 2018 menunjukkan bahwa jumlah balita gizi kurang di kelurahan Sawahan dan Petemon masih cukup banyak. Apabila balita gizi kurang yang ada di Kelurahan Sawahan dan Petemon tidak segera ditangani dengan baik, maka balita tersebut berpotensi berubah status menjadi gizi buruk. Potensi permasalahan mitra di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sawahan adalah Gizi Kurang pasca kejadian Balita Gizi Buruk dapat berpotensi menjadi kondisi stunting. Oleh karena itu, tim Abdimas dari Universitas Surabaya berinisiatif untuk membantu Puskesmas Sawahan melalui program pengabdian ini, dengan tujuan untuk memberikan edukasi pada ibu yang memiliki batita, agar dapat memberikan makanan yang sesuai dengan usianya.
Optimasi Pendistribusian Kelas Pada Dosen di STMIK STIKOM Indonesia Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika
Authors: Kusuma Aniek Suryanti , Aryati Komang Sri 
Published: February 2020

The stage of class scheduling starts from scheduling courses in classes, then distributing the class to lecturers. The process of distributing classes to lecturers becomes an obstacle for the STMIK STIKOM Indonesia academic body because the academic body must adjust the existing class with the lecturer who is interested in it as well as the lecturer chosen to support a class so that it does not have classes that have a time conflict.
One method for solving these problems is by using genetic algorithms that work by generating a number of random solutions and then processing the collection of solutions in a genetic process. There are eight genetic algorithm procedures, which are random chromosome generation procedures, chromosome repair to validate chromosomes from their limits, fitness function to calculate the feasibility of a solution, crossover, mutation, child repair and elitism.
The output of this research is in the form of an analysis and determination of the system requirements that must exist. In addition, it produces a trial report on the effect of genetic parameters to determine the effect of changes in the value of genetic parameters on the fitness value and the time used to carry out the distribution process.
Discriminación y violencia de género en estudiantes politécnicos en Chimborazo - Ecuador
Authors: Serrano Avalos Kathy Violeta , Villavicencio Narváez Lilia del Carmen , Mejía Paredes Martha Cecilia , Peñafiel Salazar Dayanara de los Ángeles 
Published: February 2020

La violencia de género es un grave problema social que afecta a mujeres de diferentes edades, clases sociales, culturas o niveles académicos que superan estereotipos existentes respecto a quienes la sufren, por qué y dónde se produce. Es así que en los últimos años esta problemática ha aumentado a nivel mundial. En Ecuador las cifras no mienten sobre violencia de género; en el 2017 más de un centenar de mujeres ya fueron asesinadas por sus parejas o ex parejas, delitos que caben dentro de la figura de femicidio. Pero esta cifra alarma porque en 2016 fueron 8, lo cual muestra que los números se duplicaron. Frente a esta problemática se realiza esta investigación de discriminación y violencia de género en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Salud Pública de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo en Ecuador, con el objetivo de identificar actitudes y prácticas de discriminación y violencia física, psicológica y social. La investigación fue de tipo descriptiva de corte transversal, para la recolección de la información se elaboró una encuesta la misma que fue validada por expertos, un grupo de similares características al grupo de estudio y mediante el método de Cronbach. Los principales resultados indicaron que dentro de la facultad de Salud Pública los estudiantes han sufrido violencia física por parte de otros estudiantes y violencia psicológica por parte de docentes; el 8% de estudiantes reconoce haber sufrido violencia física, psicológica por parte de sus parejas. Se recomienda mayor divulgación de la normativa y acciones que la ESPOCH está desarrollando frente a esta problemática para que sean difundidas y se actúe con estrategias integrales en prevención de la violencia de género.
Evaluation of factors determining oncological clearance with sphincter preservation in low rectal cancer
Authors: Haque Asif Almas , Alam Hasina , Talukder Md Rajibul Haque 
Published: February 2020

Background: Approximately one third of all colorectal cancers are rectal cancers. It is a peculiar malignancy as resection of this cancer may lead to loss of anal sphincter and the patient is condemned to a permanent colostomy. Aim of the surgery is oncological clearance and sphincter preservation. The optimal surgical management of rectal cancer requires detailed preoperative planning and to determine a logical approach to the management of this complex disease by analyzing the factors that determine its surgical outcome. This study was done to obtain a clear understanding of the factors determining the oncological clearance and sphincter preservation in low rectal carcinoma and thereby guiding surgeons to take appropriate decision in the surgical management.
Methods: This prospective observational study, involving 60 consecutive patients with low rectal cancer, was done in Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, from January 2013 to December 2015. Data were prospectively collected, using detailed proforma and analyzed with a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0 and the results were presented in tables.
Results: Out of the 60 patients, 40 (67%) had oncological clearance and 26 (43%) had sphincter preservation. A statistically significant number of patients with T1-T2 tumor had oncological clearance [40 (83%) vs 8 (17%), p<0.05]. None of the patients with T3-T4 tumor had curative resection. Whereas, a statistically significant number of patients with tumor distance beyond 5 cm from anal verge, had sphincter preservation [32 (94%) vs 2 (6%), p<0.05]. Most of the patients with tumor within 5 cm [24 (94%) out of 26] had sphincter resection.
Conclusion: Tumor factors, favoring sphincter preservation, were ³5 cm distance from anal verge, whereas, circumferential spread limited to muscularis propria (T1-T2), favored oncological clearance.
Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 16-20