bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de riesgos, monitorización y simulación de edificios patrimoniales
Authors: Muñoz González Carmen Mª , León Rodríguez Ángel Luis , Navarro Casas Jaime , Ruiz Jaramillo Jonathan , Teeling Catherine 
Published: June 2020

Los edificios religiosos son una parte importante del patrimonio cultural, son documentos de nuestra herencia y tenemos la necesidad de preservarlos. Las condiciones ambientales en el que están inmersos estos edificios son determinantes para la preservación y conservación del patrimonio mueble que contiene. Originalmente, la mayoría de estos espacios no estaban acondicionados, pero actualmente, estos edificios están siendo climatizados para proporcionar el confort térmico a los feligreses y para mejorar las condiciones del clima interior y la preservación del patrimonio mueble. El objetivo principal de esta investigación ha sido analizar las condiciones ambientales de edificios religiosos en un clima Mediterráneo, mediante el uso de monitorización y simulación para evaluar y mejorar la preservación del patrimonio cultural de estos edificios. Este estudio aporta las herramientas para la optimización de la calidad ambiental para la preservación y conservación del patrimonio mueble e inmueble y para su aplicación en futuros proyectos de rehabilitación patrimonial.
Doppler Factor Estimation for Fermi Blazars
Authors: Zhang Lixia , Chen Sina , Xiao Hubing , Cai Jinting , Fan Junhui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work, we exploit the luminosity of the broad-line region (BLR) for 50 Fermi blazars through matching the coordinates between the Sloan Digital Sky Survey catalog, Fermi Large Area Telescope Third Source Catalog, and the Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog and fitting their emission lines. In total, we collected a sample of 350 blazars with broad-line emissions including 50 new objects and 300 blazars from published works to revisit the correlation between the γ-ray luminosity and the broad-line luminosity, and proposed a new method to estimate the Doppler factors based on the correlation between the radiative power of the jet and luminosity of the BLR. We come to following conclusions. (1) For the 50 Fermi blazars, their broad-line luminosity (log L
BLR) ranges from 41.82–45.2 erg s−1 with a mean value of 44.39 erg s−1. (2) The Doppler factor (δ) ranges from δ = 0.35 to δ = 85.66 with a mean value of 12.54, which is consistent with the results in the literature. (3) There are positive correlations between γ-ray luminosity and broad-line luminosity, and between γ-ray luminosity and the Doppler factor.
A Systematic Observational Study on Galactic Interstellar Ratio 18O/17O. I. C18O and C17O J = 1–0 Data Analysis
Authors: Zhang J. S. , Liu W. , Yan Y. T. , Yu H. Z. , Liu J. T. , Zheng Y. H. , Romano D. , Zhang Z.-Y. , Wang J. Z. , Chen J. L. , Wang Y. X. , Zhang W. J. , Lu H. H. , Chen L. S. , Zou Y. P. , Yang H. Q. , Wen T. , Lu F. S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The interstellar oxygen isotopic ratio of 18O/17O can reflect the relative amount of the secular enrichment by ejecta from high-mass versus intermediate-mass stars. Previous observations found a Galactic gradient of 18O/17O, i.e., low ratios in the Galactic center and large values in the Galactic disk, which supports the inside-out formation scenario of our Galaxy. However, there are not many observed objects and, in particular, there are not many at large galactocentric distances. For this reason, we started a systematic study on Galactic interstellar 18O/17O, through observations of C18O and C17O multi-transition lines toward a large sample of 286 sources (at least one order of magnitude larger than previous ones), from the Galactic center region to the far outer Galaxy (∼22 kpc). In this article, we present our observations of J = 1–0 lines of C18O and C17O, with the 12 m antenna of the Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO 12 m) and the Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30 m telescopes. Among our IRAM 30 m sample of 50 targets, we detected successfully both C18O and C17O 1–0 lines for 34 sources. Similarly, our sample of 260 targets for ARO 12 m observations resulted in the detection of both lines for 166 sources. The C18O optical depth effect on our ratio results, evaluated by fitting results of C17O spectra with hyperfine components (assuming

) and our radiative transfer and excitation model nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) model calculation for the strongest source, was found to be insignificant. Beam dilution does not seem to be a problem either, which was supported by the fact that there is no systematic variation between the isotopic ratio and the heliocentric distance, and ratios are consistently measured from two telescopes for most of those detected sources. With this study we obtained 18O/17O isotopic ratios for a large sample of molecular clouds with different galactocentric distances. Our results, though there are still very few detections made for sources in the outer Galaxy, confirm the apparent 18O/17O gradient of 18O/17O=(0.10 ± 0.03)R
GC+(2.95 ± 0.30), with a Pearson’s rank correlation coefficient of R = 0.69. This is supported by the newest Galactic chemical evolution model including the impact of massive stellar rotators and novae. Our future J = 2–1 and J = 3–2 observations of C18O and C17O toward the same sample would be important to determine their physical parameters (opacities, abundances, etc.) and further accurately determine the Galactic radial gradient of the isotopic ratio 18O/17O.
Politiques migratoires et sélectivité des migrations étudiantes en France : une approche sociodémographique
Authors: Kabbanji Lama , Toma Sorana 
Published: June 2020

Depuis l’annonce de la nouvelle « stratégie d’attractivité pour les étudiants internationaux », dénommée « Bienvenue en France », le thème des migrations étudiantes est revenu avec force sur le devant de la scène politique et médiatique en France. Les mesures préconisées s’inscrivent dans le prolongement d’une politique sélective de l’immigration mise en place depuis 2003. Dans cet article, nous nous proposons d’examiner la façon dont les politiques visant les étudiants étrangers depuis les années 1970 ont impacté les migrations étudiantes. Les données administratives mobilisées nous permettent de montrer que les politiques d’immigration sélectives contribuent non seulement au ralentissement des migrations étudiantes vers la France, mais ont également pour effet de reconfigurer les caractéristiques de ces migrations au détriment des étudiants les plus modestes, issus des pays à faible pouvoir d’achat, et de certaines disciplines. Une récente enquête que nous avons menée en 2016-2017 nous permet également d’anticiper le fait que la hausse drastique des frais de scolarité instaurée en 2019 pour les étudiants extracommunautaires risque d’accélérer ces dynamiques.
EXPRESSÃO DO PLANEJAMENTO URBANO NO ORDENAMENTO DO TERRITÓRIO – O PLANO DIRETOR MUNICIPAL DE LISBOA
Authors: Antonello Ideni Terezinha 
Published: June 2020

O objetivo central deste estudo é apreender a expressão territorial do planejamento urbano, tendo como recorte espacial da investigação o município de Lisboa – Portugal, para atingir esse escopo realizou-se a análise da elaboração e execução das políticas públicas urbanas em Portugal, com foco nos instrumentos de planejamento e gestão urbanos presentes no Plano Diretor Municipal – PDM de Lisboa (PDML, 2012). Considera-se a imbricação entre o ordenamento do território e a elaboração/ concretização das políticas públicas urbanas, uma vez que o rebatimento dessas políticas públicas no território redundará na formatação da ordenação do território, por conseguinte, o PDM constitui-se na principal política pública urbana de planejamento urbano, já que a complexidade do tecido urbano em expansão necessita de diretrizes para se ordenar o espaço urbano conforme os diferentes uso do solo que abarca a dinâmica do espaço urbano em constante incerteza, essa própria do processo de mundialização do capital. O resultado da pesquisa evidencia dois elementos que se considerou avanços no PDML (2012) em relação ao monitoramento da política pública urbana. O primeiro refere-se à criação de uma base de dados que passou a integrar o Programa de Execução e Financiamento do Plano, na qual são inseridas as ações materiais previstas nas metas do Plano, essas ações incluídas no banco de dados serão georreferenciadas, além de apresentarem as informações do custo de financiamento e o grau de desenvolvimento da obra. O segundo elemento vincula-se ao primeiro, pois essa base de dados, que articula os serviços municipais, é um instrumento de monitorização da execução das propostas (obras) prevista no PDML, que irá atender à exigência de avaliação desta política pública via a elaboração de relatórios de monitorização que fará parte do relatório do ordenamento do território de Lisboa.
Rapid HIV Progression Is Associated with Extensive Ongoing Somatic Hypermutation
Authors: Wendel Ben S. , Fu Yajing , He Chenfeng , Hernandez Stefany M. , Qu Mingjuan , Zhang Zining , Jiang Yongjun , Han Xiaoxu , Xu Junjie , Ding Haibo , Jiang Ning , Shang Hong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Ab response to HIV is of great interest, particularly in the context of a protective vaccine and broadly neutralizing Abs, but research is typically geared toward elite controllers because of their ability to successfully control the virus. In this study, we studied the evolution of the Ab repertoire over the first year of HIV infection in people classified as rapid progressors (RP) compared with typical progressors. HIV RPs are an important yet understudied group of HIV patients classified by a rapid decline in CD4 counts and accelerated development of AIDS. We found that the global IgG somatic hypermutation load negatively correlated with disease progression, possibly because of exaggerated isotype switching of unmutated sequences in patients with low CD4 counts. We measured Ab sequence evolution over time using longitudinal samples taken during the early stages of infection and 1 year postinfection. Within clonal lineages spanning both timepoints, visit 2–derived sequences harbored considerably more mutations than their visit 1 relatives. Despite extensive ongoing somatic hypermutation, the initially strong signs of Ag selection pressure observed in visit 1–derived sequences decayed by visit 2. These data suggest that excessive immune activation in RPs leads to a hyperactive B cell response that fails to confer protection.
Growth Hormone Reprograms Macrophages toward an Anti-Inflammatory and Reparative Profile in an MAFB-Dependent Manner
Authors: Soler Palacios Blanca , Nieto Concha , Fajardo Pilar , González de la Aleja Arturo , Andrés Nuria , Dominguez-Soto Ángeles , Lucas Pilar , Cuenda Ana , Rodríguez-Frade José Miguel , Martínez-A Carlos , Villares Ricardo , Corbí Ángel L. , Mellado Mario 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Growth hormone (GH), a pleiotropic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, regulates immune and inflammatory responses. In this study, we show that GH regulates the phenotypic and functional plasticity of macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, GH treatment of GM-CSF–primed monocyte–derived macrophages promotes a significant enrichment of anti-inflammatory genes and dampens the proinflammatory cytokine profile through PI3K-mediated downregulation of activin A and upregulation of MAFB, a critical transcription factor for anti-inflammatory polarization of human macrophages. These in vitro data correlate with improved remission of inflammation and mucosal repair during recovery in the acute dextran sodium sulfate–induced colitis model in GH-overexpressing mice. In this model, in addition to the GH-mediated effects on other immune cells, we observed that macrophages from inflamed gut acquire an anti-inflammatory/reparative profile. Overall, these data indicate that GH reprograms inflammatory macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype and improves resolution during pathologic inflammatory responses.
Mice Deficient in T-bet Form Inducible NO Synthase–Positive Granulomas That Fail to Constrain Salmonella
Authors: Perez-Toledo Marisol , Beristain-Covarrubias Nonantzin , Channell William M. , Hitchcock Jessica R. , Cook Charlotte N. , Coughlan Ruth E. , Bobat Saeeda , Jones Nicholas D. , Nakamura Kyoko , Ross Ewan A. , Rossiter Amanda E. , Rooke Jessica , Garcia-Gimenez Alicia , Jossi Sian , Persaud Ruby R. , Marcial-Juarez Edith , Flores-Langarica Adriana , Henderson Ian R. , Withers David R. , Watson Steve P. , Cunningham Adam F. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Clearance of intracellular infections caused by Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) requires IFN-γ and the Th1-associated transcription factor T-bet. Nevertheless, whereas IFN-γ−/− mice succumb rapidly to STm infections, T-bet−/− mice do not. In this study, we assess the anatomy of immune responses and the relationship with bacterial localization in the spleens and livers of STm-infected IFN-γ−/− and T-bet−/− mice. In IFN-γ−/− mice, there is deficient granuloma formation and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) induction, increased dissemination of bacteria throughout the organs, and rapid death. The provision of a source of IFN-γ reverses this, coincident with subsequent granuloma formation and substantially extends survival when compared with mice deficient in all sources of IFN-γ. T-bet−/− mice induce significant levels of IFN-γ− after challenge. Moreover, T-bet−/− mice have augmented IL-17 and neutrophil numbers, and neutralizing IL-17 reduces the neutrophilia but does not affect numbers of bacteria detected. Surprisingly, T-bet−/− mice exhibit surprisingly wild-type–like immune cell organization postinfection, including extensive iNOS+ granuloma formation. In wild-type mice, most bacteria are within iNOS+ granulomas, but in T-bet−/− mice, most bacteria are outside these sites. Therefore, Th1 cells act to restrict bacteria within IFN-γ–dependent iNOS+ granulomas and prevent dissemination.
Cutting Edge: Augmenting Muscle MHC Expression Enhances Systemic Pathogen Control at the Expense of T Cell Exhaustion
Authors: Pack Angela D. , Tarleton Rick L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Myocytes express low levels of MHC class I (MHC I), perhaps influencing the ability of CD8+ T cells to efficiently detect and destroy pathogens that invade muscle. Trypanosoma cruzi infects many cell types but preferentially persists in muscle, and we asked if this tissue-dependent persistence was linked to MHC expression. Inducible enhancement of skeletal muscle MHC I in mice during the first 20 d of T. cruzi infection resulted in enhanced CD8-dependent reduction of parasite load. However, continued overexpression of MHC I beyond 30 d ultimately led to a collapse of systemic parasite control associated with immune exhaustion, which was reversible in part by blocking PD-1:PD-L1 interactions. These studies demonstrate a surprisingly strong and systemically dominant effect of skeletal muscle MHC expression on maintaining T cell function and pathogen control and argue that the normally low MHC I expression in skeletal muscle is host protective by allowing for pathogen control while preventing immune exhaustion.
Analysis of the Chinese Alligator TCRα/δ Loci Reveals the Evolutionary Pattern of Atypical TCRδ/TCRμ in Tetrapods
Authors: Wang Xifeng , Huang Jinwei , Wang Peng , Wang Renping , Wang Chaolin , Yu Di , Ke Cuncun , Huang Tian , Song Yu , Bai Jianhui , Li Kongpan , Ren Liming , Miller Robert D. , Han Haitang , Zhou Xin , Zhao Yaofeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAtypical TCRδ found in sharks, amphibians, birds, and monotremes and TCRμ found in monotremes and marsupials are TCR chains that use Ig or BCR-like variable domains (VHδ/Vμ) rather than conventional TCR V domains. These unconventional TCR are consistent with a scenario in which TCR and BCR, although having diverged from each other more than 400 million years ago, continue to exchange variable gene segments in generating diversity for Ag recognition. However, the process underlying this exchange and leading to the evolution of these atypical TCR receptor genes remains elusive. In this study, we identified two TCRα/δ gene loci in the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis). In total, there were 144 V, 154 Jα, nine Jδ, eight Dδ, two Cα, and five Cδ gene segments in the TCRα/δ loci of the Chinese alligator, representing the most complicated TCRα/δ gene system in both genomic structure and gene content in any tetrapod examined so far. A pool of 32 VHδ genes divided into 18 subfamilies was found to be scattered over the two loci. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that these VHδ genes could be related to bird VHδ genes, VHδ/Vμ genes in platypus or opossum, or alligator VH genes. Based on these findings, a model explaining the evolutionary pattern of atypical TCRδ/TCRμ genes in tetrapods is proposed. This study sheds new light on the evolution of TCR and BCR genes, two of the most essential components of adaptive immunity.
Establishment of a Pig Influenza Challenge Model for Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibody Delivery Platforms
Authors: McNee Adam , Smith Trevor R. F. , Holzer Barbara , Clark Becky , Bessell Emily , Guibinga Ghiabe , Brown Heather , Schultheis Katherine , Fisher Paul , Ramos Stephanie , Nunez Alejandro , Bernard Matthieu , Graham Simon , Martini Veronica , Chrun Tiphany , Xiao Yongli , Kash John C. , Taubenberger Jeffery K. , Elliott Sarah , Patel Ami , Beverley Peter , Rijal Pramila , Weiner David B. , Townsend Alain , Broderick Kate E. , Tchilian Elma 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
mAbs are a possible adjunct to vaccination and drugs in treatment of influenza virus infection. However, questions remain whether small animal models accurately predict efficacy in humans. We have established the pig, a large natural host animal for influenza, with many physiological similarities to humans, as a robust model for testing mAbs. We show that a strongly neutralizing mAb (2–12C) against the hemagglutinin head administered prophylactically at 15 mg/kg reduced viral load and lung pathology after pandemic H1N1 influenza challenge. A lower dose of 1 mg/kg of 2–12C or a DNA plasmid–encoded version of 2–12C reduced pathology and viral load in the lungs but not viral shedding in nasal swabs. We propose that the pig influenza model will be useful for testing candidate mAbs and emerging delivery platforms prior to human trials.
A Potently Neutralizing Antibody Protects Mice against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Alsoussi Wafaa B. , Turner Jackson S. , Case James B. , Zhao Haiyan , Schmitz Aaron J. , Zhou Julian Q. , Chen Rita E. , Lei Tingting , Rizk Amena A. , McIntire Katherine M. , Winkler Emma S. , Fox Julie M. , Kafai Natasha M. , Thackray Larissa B. , Hassan Ahmed O. , Amanat Fatima , Krammer Florian , Watson Corey T. , Kleinstein Steven H. , Fremont Daved H. , Diamond Michael S. , Ellebedy Ali H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths globally. There are no widely available licensed therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, highlighting an urgent need for effective interventions. The virus enters host cells through binding of a receptor-binding domain within its trimeric spike glycoprotein to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. In this article, we describe the generation and characterization of a panel of murine mAbs directed against the receptor-binding domain. One mAb, 2B04, neutralized wild-type SARS-CoV-2 in vitro with remarkable potency (half-maximal inhibitory concentration of &lt;2 ng/ml). In a murine model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2B04 protected challenged animals from weight loss, reduced lung viral load, and blocked systemic dissemination. Thus, 2B04 is a promising candidate for an effective antiviral that can be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
From Medical School to Residency: Transitions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Byrne Lauren M. , Holmboe Eric S. , Combes John R. , Nasca Thomas J. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
The start of a new academic year in graduate medical education will mark a transition for postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1) residents from medical school into residency. The relocation of individuals has significant implications given the COVID-19 pandemic and variability of the outbreak across the United States, but little is known about the extent of the geographic relocation taking place.

Objective
We reported historical trends of PGY-1 residents staying in-state and those starting residency from out-of-state to quantify the geographic movement of individuals beginning residency training each year.

Methods
We analyzed historical data collected by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education in academic years 2016–2017, 2017–2018, and 2018–2019, comparing the locations of medical school and residency programs for PGY-1 residents to determine the number of matriculants from in-state medical schools and out-of-state medical schools. International medical school graduates (IMGs) were shown separately in the analysis and then combined with out-of-state matriculants. US citizens who trained abroad were counted among IMGs.

Results
The total number of PGY-1s increased by 10.3% during the 3-year time period, from 29 338 to 32 348. When combined, IMGs and USMGs transitioning from one state or country to another state accounted for approximately 72% of PGY-1s each year. Approximately 63% of USMGs matriculated to a residency program in a new state, and IMGs made up 24.6% to 23.1% of PGY-1s over the 3-year period.

Conclusions
Each year brings a substantial amount of movement among PGY-1s that highlights the need for policies and procedures specific to the COVID-19 pandemic.
CALCOCO2 silencing represents a potential molecular therapeutic target for glioma
Authors: Tian Zhisen , Ning Cong , Fu Changfeng , Xu Feng , Zou Congcong , Zhu Qingsan , Cai Jun , Wang Yuanyi 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionGlioma is the most common primary intracranial tumour that is highly resistant to conventional therapeutic approaches including surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. As a promising alternative treatment, gene therapy has achieved variable degrees in both pre-clinical models and clinical trials.Material and methodsIn our present research, the role of calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2 (CALCOCO2) in the pathogenesis and progression of glioma was investigated in human glioma U87 and U251 cell lines. In both cell lines, CALCOCO2 is highly expressed. Targeted by lentivirus vectors, the CALCOCO2 gene was successfully silenced in U87 and U251 cell lines. Both cell counting and MTT assay showed the inhibition of cell growth and cell proliferation in CALCOCO2-silenced glioma cell lines.ResultsFlow cytometry (FCM) and caspase3/7 measurements indicated that the silencing of CALCOCO2 gene could also promote cell apoptosis in both cell lines. The underlying mechanism was further explored by gene microarray and western blotting. The CALCOCO2 gene is strongly related to cancer by affecting the expression of hundreds of genes. Among which, the silencing of CALCOCO2 significantly upregulated the pro-apoptosis genes FAS and CASP1 and downregulated the autophagy-related gene BECN1. These data suggest that by regulating FAS, CASP1, and BECN1, the silencing of CALCOCO2 suppresses the growth and proliferation of U87 and U251 glioma cell lines.ConclusionsThe CALCOCO2 could be a potential target for glioma genetic therapy.