bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Over all variability of mitral annular plane peak systolic velocity and peak global longitudinal strain rate in relation to age, body size, and sex: The HUNT Study
Authors: Støylen Asbjørn , Mølmen Harald E. , Dalen Håvard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeft ventricular (LV) systolic global function can be assessed by peak annular systolic velocity S′. Global longitudinal strain rate (GLSR) is relative LV shortening rate, equivalent to normalizing S′ for LV length (S′n). It has previously been shown that mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) have similar biological variability, but GLS normalizes for one dimension only, inducing a systematic error, increasing body size dependence. The objective of this study was to compare S′ with GLSR in the same way, comparing biological variability and body size dependence.Methods and ResultsA total of 1266 subjects from the third wave of Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), without evidence of heart disease, were examined. Strain rate, S′ and wall lengths were measured in the four walls of the two‐ and four‐chamber views. Mean S′ was 8.4 (1.4) cm/s, (S′n) was 0.7 (0.14)s−1 and GLSR 1.02 (0.14)s−1. All measures declined with age. Normalization of mitral annular velocities for LV length, or the use of GLSR, did not reduce overall biological variability compared with S′. S′ did show a weak, positive correlation to BSA, while S′n and GLSR a slightly stronger, negative correlation to BSA.ConclusionsS′, S′n, and GLSR have similar biological variability, which is mainly due to age, not body size variation. Normalizing S′ for LV length (as in Sn or GLSR) reverses correlation with BSA inducing a systematic error, due to the one‐dimensional normalization for one dimension only.
Global gradients in intraspecific variation in vegetative and floral traits are partially associated with climate and species richness
Authors: Kuppler Jonas , Albert Cécile H. , Ames Gregory M. , Armbruster William Scott , Boenisch Gerhard , Boucher Florian C. , Campbell Diane R. , Carneiro Liedson T. , Chacón‐Madrigal Eduardo , Enquist Brian J. , Fonseca Carlos R. , Gómez José M. , Guisan Antoine , Higuchi Pedro , Karger Dirk N. , Kattge Jens , Kleyer Michael , Kraft Nathan J. B. , Larue‐Kontić Anne‐Amélie C. , Lázaro Amparo , Lechleitner Martin , Loughnan Deirdre , Minden Vanessa , Niinemets Ülo , Overbeck Gerhard E. , Parachnowitsch Amy L. , Perfectti Francisco , Pillar Valério D. , Schellenberger Costa David , Sletvold Nina , Stang Martina , Alves‐dos‐Santos Isabel , Streit Helena , Wright Justin , Zych Marcin , Junker Robert R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimIntraspecific trait variation (ITV) within natural plant communities can be large, influencing local ecological processes and dynamics. Here, we shed light on how ITV in vegetative and floral traits responds to large‐scale abiotic and biotic gradients (i.e., climate and species richness). Specifically, we tested whether associations of ITV with temperature, precipitation and species richness were consistent with any of four hypotheses relating to stress tolerance and competition. Furthermore, we estimated the degree of correlation between ITV in vegetative and floral traits and how they vary along the gradients.LocationGlobal.Time period1975–2016.Major taxa studiedHerbaceous and woody plants.MethodsWe compiled a dataset of 18,401 measurements of the absolute extent of ITV (measured as the coefficient of variation) in nine vegetative and seven floral traits from 2,822 herbaceous and woody species at 2,372 locations.ResultsLarge‐scale associations between ITV and climate were trait specific and more prominent for vegetative traits, especially leaf morphology, than for floral traits. The ITV showed pronounced associations with climate, with lower ITV values in colder areas and higher values in drier areas. The associations of ITV with species richness were inconsistent across traits. Species‐specific associations across gradients were often idiosyncratic, and covariation in ITV was weaker between vegetative and floral traits than within the two trait groups.Main conclusionsOur results show that, depending on the traits considered, ITV either increased or decreased with climate stress and species richness, suggesting that both factors can constrain or enhance ITV, which might foster plant‐population persistence in stressful conditions. Given the species‐specific responses and covariation in ITV, associations can be hard to predict for traits and species not yet studied. We conclude that consideration of ITV can improve our understanding of how plants cope with stressful conditions and environmental change across spatial and biological scales.
JAK2V617F mutation prevalence on Chilean adults suffering from primary mesenteric and portal venous thromboses
Authors: González‐Montero Jaime , Del Valle‐Batalla Lucía , Castillo‐Astorga Raúl , Marín Valdés Arnaldo , Conte Lanza Guillermo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionMesenteric and portal venous thromboses are rare diseases with high mortality rates and are strongly associated with hepatic cirrhosis, and abdominal inflammatory or tumoral processes, but in some cases can be the first sign of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) or hereditary thrombophilia. JAK2V617F mutation detection is an important diagnostic tool for MPN patients. The aim of this study was to describe the JAK2V617F mutation prevalence on Chilean patients suffering from a primary splanchnic venous thrombosis (SVT), in order to assess how it relates to primary MVT and PVT in our specific population.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted in patients referred to the University of Chile Clinical Hospital with mesenteric and/or portal venous thrombosis diagnosis over a 7‐year period. Patients with primary thrombosis underwent hereditary thrombophilia study and JAK2V617F mutation screening.ResultsA total of 123 patients had splanchnic venous thrombosis (mesenteric and/or portal) as their main discharge diagnosis. Sixty patients (49%) had primary mesenteric or portal venous thrombosis (no attributable secondary cause). Hereditary thrombophilia and MPN were diagnosed in 21.6% and 43.3% of SVT patients, respectively. Twenty SVT patients remained without an etiologic diagnosis. In MPN patients, almost all had the JAK2V617F mutation (92.3%). About 16% of patients who had positive JAK2V617F mutation did not meet diagnostic criteria for MPN.ConclusionsIn this Chilean cohort, half of mesenteric or portal venous thrombosis showed no secondary cause. In this group, the main causes were MPN and hereditary thrombophilia. Nearly, all MPN patients had JAK2V617F mutation, but there was a group of patients having JAK2V617F mutation but did not meet MPN criteria.
(Un)wise Theologians: Systematic Theology in the University
Authors: Tonstad Linn Marie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSystematic theology is primarily pursued within the university, but the effects of that setting have not yet been given the theological attention that they need. Some theologians who have sought to consider theology's marginalization in the university argue that theology ought to reclaim its status as queen of the sciences, or should order the relations of other disciplines to each other and to itself. Using 1 Corinthians 1:18–31, this article argues that these moves transform academic theology into a discourse of wisdom rather than foolishness. Humility, unmastery and foolishness in relation to God become ways of claiming authority in relation to the neighbor. Further, such claims fail to recognize, and thus to counter, the nature and depth of the distortive effects of theology's presence inside university contexts structured by discourses, and to an extent practices, of scarcity. In conversation with Martin Luther and Karl Barth, I outline an alternative, non‐defensive theology that admits its own foolishness: its participation in history's incompletions, its need for eschatological verification, and its vulnerability to the desire for mastery. Such a theology could struggle more effectively with its own failures.
Regulatory T‐cells in helminth infection: induction, function and therapeutic potential
Authors: White Madeleine P. J. , McManus Caitlin M. , Maizels Rick M. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryHelminth parasites infect an alarmingly large proportion of the world's population, primarily within tropical regions, and their ability to down‐modulate host immunity is key to their persistence. Helminths have developed multiple mechanisms that induce a state of hyporesponsiveness or immune suppression within the host; of particular interest are mechanisms that drive the induction of regulatory T‐cells (Tregs). Helminths actively induce Tregs either directly by secreting factors, such as the TGF‐β mimic Hp‐TGM, or indirectly by interacting with bystander cell types such as dendritic cells and macrophages that then induce Tregs. Expansion of Tregs not only enhances parasite survival but, in cases such as filarial infection, Tregs also play a role in preventing parasite‐associated pathologies. Furthermore, Tregs generated during helminth infection have been associated with suppression of bystander immunopathologies in a range of inflammatory conditions such as allergy and autoimmune disease. In this review, we discuss evidence from natural and experimental infections that point to the pathways and molecules involved in helminth Treg induction, and postulate how parasite‐derived molecules and/or Tregs might be applied as anti‐inflammatory therapies in the future.
Parental use of ‘cry it out’ in infants: no adverse effects on attachment and behavioural development at 18 months
Authors: Bilgin Ayten , Wolke Dieter 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundLeaving infant to cry it out has been the subject of discussion among researchers and parents. Nevertheless, there is paucity of empirical research investigating the association between leaving infant to cry it out and consequent crying duration and frequency, mother–infant attachment and behavioural development.MethodsThe sample with complete longitudinal data comprised 178 infants and their caretakers. Parental use of ‘leaving infant to cry out’ and cry duration were assessed with maternal report at term, 3, 6 and 18 months, and frequency of crying was assessed at term, 3 and 18 months of age. Attachment was measured at 18 months using the strange situation procedure. Behavioural development of the infant was assessed with two observational measures and a parent‐report questionnaire at 18 months.ResultsThe use of ‘leaving infant to crying’ was rare at term and increased over the next 18 months. ‘Leaving infants to cry it out’ at term was associated with a decrease in crying frequency at 3 months. Furthermore, leaving infants to cry it out a few times at term and often at 3 months was associated with shorter fuss/cry duration at 18 months of age. No adverse impacts of leaving infants to cry it out in the first 6 months on infant–mother attachment and behavioural development at 18 months were found.ConclusionsContemporary practice of some parents in the United Kingdom to occasionally or often ‘leaving infant to cry it out’ during the first 6 months was not associated with adverse behavioural development and attachment at 18 months. Increased use of ‘leaving to cry it out’ with age may indicate differential responding by parents related to infant self‐regulation.
Ultrasonic shear‐wave reflectometry applied to monitor the dynamic viscosity of reheated edible oil
Authors: Runrun Hu , Runyang Mo , Chenghui Wang , Jing Hu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEffects of frying cycles of two types of edible oil on dynamic viscosity were studied by ultrasonic shear‐wave reflectance method. Factors affecting the reflection coefficient were analyzed theoretically. The experimental methods and parameters are carefully analyzed and optimized in the low‐viscosity case. The viscosity of the reheated oil samples was characterized by the reflection amplitudes at (25 ± 0.2)°. Three methodologies for data post‐processing were used to calculate the reflection magnitudes. The results show that viscosity increases with repeat times of heating. The viscosity obtained by the integral ratio in a frequency band is closer to those obtained by rheometers than those from central frequency and multiple reflection. It indicates that the shear‐wave reflectometry can be extended further used to measure low‐viscosity liquids by appropriate signal processing. In addition, the heating times of a given procedure is highly correlated with the viscosity of edible oil (R2 > .93). We also attempted to evaluate the oil deterioration by predicting the amounts of carbonyl and fatty acids based on the relationship between viscosity and indicator content.Practical ApplicationsViscosity is an important physical property and a quality index of edible oil. Not only viscosity changes, aging, and decay phenomena will even occur in the process of repeated heating of edible oils at high temperature. As a convenient and nondestructive method, the ultrasonic shear‐wave reflectance method can realize the rapid detection of the viscosity of reheated oils in situ. Therefore, this method has the potential to monitor frying oil quality online, which is expected to evaluate the degree of aging and deterioration of reheated edible oil.
Addressing the Needs of Abused Chinese Women Through a Community‐Based Participatory Approach
Authors: Chow Elaine Hoi Yee , Tiwari Agnes 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeIntimate partner violence against women is a priority global health issue. It has had serious negative consequences on women’s health and has led to huge burdens on the community. Numerous interventions have been demonstrated to have positive effects, and the majority of them have been developed using a top‐down approach. However, the specific needs of abused Chinese women have not been fully addressed; incorporating women’s input seems to be an essential element for the success of any intervention. This article describes the experiences and success in using a community‐based participatory approach (CBPA) to develop a culturally appropriate intervention for abused Chinese women in order to address their multifaceted needs.DesignA CBPA was adopted in this study to develop a culturally appropriate intervention in order to address the multifaceted needs of abused Chinese women.MethodsA core group of six participants (three abused Chinese women, one researcher, and two social workers who provided community services for abused Chinese women) was formed in a local community center in Hong Kong. The three Chinese women were recruited from the local community center, and according to the Abuse Assessment Screen they had been in an intimate relationship in the preceding 12 months and had been abused by an intimate partner.FindingsThree core group meetings were conducted over 6 weeks for intervention development. An integrated multicomponent intervention was developed, comprising a four‐part, women‐centered program called “Women‐centred, we are with you.” The program was implemented and completed over 4 months (October 2015 to January 2016). Eighteen abused Chinese women participated in the intervention.ConclusionsA CBPA provides actual empowerment spirit for abused Chinese women. This approach was well accepted by the women and enabled them to develop more culturally appropriate interventions in fulfilling their specify needs.Clinical RelevanceResearchers can consider using a CBPA to develop and tailor a culturally appropriate intervention for groups such as abused Chinese women in order to improve their health and eliminate disparities by addressing their specific and multifaceted needs.
Salivary Del‐1, IL‐17, and LFA‐1 levels in periodontal health and disease
Authors: Inönü Elif , Kayis Seyit Ali , Eskan Mehmet Akif , Hakki Sema S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective and BackgroundDevelopmental endothelial locus‐1 (Del‐1), lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐1), and interleukin 17 (IL‐17) play critical roles in transendothelial migration of neutrophils in periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary Del‐1, IL‐17, and LFA‐1 protein levels in patients with gingivitis (G), chronic periodontitis (CP), and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP).MethodsA total of 180 systemically healthy, non‐smoking patients (45 periodontally healthy (H) and 45 G, 50 CP, and 40 GAP) individuals (between March 2014 and February 2016) were included in this study according to Armitage's (1999) classification. Clinical periodontal parameters, including clinical attachment level, probing depth, plaque index, and gingival index, were recorded. Del‐1, IL‐17, and LFA‐1 protein expression levels were measured in unstimulated saliva samples collected from patients by using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann‐Whitney U tests were used for multiple comparisons and post hoc statistical analyses, respectively. ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Del‐1, IL‐17, and LFA‐1 in distinguishing periodontal disease from health and gingivitis.ResultsIt was found a high level of IL‐17 and a low level of Del‐1 in the CP and GAP, as compared to the G and H groups (P < .001). Nevertheless, we found LFA‐1 levels were higher in the GAP than in the CP or G groups (P = .00). Consistently, LFA‐1 levels were lower in the H and G groups than in the CP and GAP groups (P = .00). The combination of three biomarkers was found as the best predictor yielded exhibited the highest AUC [0.893, 0.845‐0.94 (%95 CI) P < .001] in discriminating periodontal disease from health and gingivitis.ConclusionSalivary Del‐1, LFA‐1, and IL‐17 levels might be useful markers for determining the clinical health and disease status of patients with periodontitis. However, further studies that evaluate the level of salivary Del‐1, LFA‐1, and IL‐17 before and after periodontal therapy are required to understand the exact roles of these cytokines during the periodontal healing period.
Liver enzyme variability and risk of heart disease and mortality: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Cho Eun Ju , Han Kyungdo , Lee Seung‐Pyo , Shin Dong Wook , Yu Su Jong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsLiver enzymes, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ‐glutamyltransferase (GGT), have been suggested as surrogate markers of various cardiovascular diseases. However, previous studies assessed liver enzymes only once at baseline. We investigated the association between liver enzyme variability and the risk of mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in general population.MethodsA total of 6 496 271 subjects participating in ≥3 health examinations within the previous 5 years including the index year (2009‐2010) were included. Variability was measured using variability independent of the mean. Cox proportional hazard models adjusting demographic factors, comorbidities, blood pressure, total cholesterol, glomerular filtration rate and baseline liver enzyme level were used.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 6 years, there were 106 413 deaths (1.6%), 53 385 myocardial infarctions (MI, 0.8%), 65 143 atrial fibrillations (AF, 1.0%) and 50 139 congestive heart failures (CHF, 0.7%). High variability in AST, ALT and GGT was associated with a higher risk for all‐cause mortality, MI, AF and CHF. The degree of association was largest for GGT variability. For the highest quartile of GGT variability relative to the lowest quartile, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.32 (1.28‐1.35) for all‐cause mortality, 1.16 (1.11‐1.20) for MI, 1.28 (1.18‐1.38) for AF and 1.25 (1.20‐1.30) for CHF. These findings were consistent regardless of alcohol consumption, body mass index and degree of fatty liver. Sensitivity analysis also revealed similar results.ConclusionsHigher visit‐to‐visit variability of liver enzymes was an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular events.
Lolium perenne apoplast metabolomics for identification of novel metabolites produced by the symbiotic fungus Epichloë festucae
Authors: Green Kimberly A. , Berry Daniel , Feussner Kirstin , Eaton Carla J. , Ram Arvina , Mesarich Carl H. , Solomon Peter , Feussner Ivo , Scott Barry 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Epichloë festucae is an endophytic fungus that forms a symbiotic association with Lolium perenne. Here we analysed how the metabolome of the ryegrass apoplast changed upon infection of this host with sexual and asexual isolates of E. festucae.

A metabolite fingerprinting approach was used to analyse the metabolite composition of apoplastic wash fluid from uninfected and infected L. perenne. Metabolites enriched or depleted in one or both of these treatments were identified using a set of interactive tools. A genetic approach in combination with tandem MS was used to identify a novel product of a secondary metabolite gene cluster.

Metabolites likely to be present in the apoplast were identified using MarVis in combination with the BioCyc and KEGG databases, and an in‐house Epichloë metabolite database. We were able to identify the known endophyte‐specific metabolites, peramine and epichloëcyclins, as well as a large number of unknown markers.

To determine whether these methods can be applied to the identification of novel Epichloë‐derived metabolites, we deleted a gene encoding a NRPS (lgsA) that is highly expressed in planta. Comparative MS analysis of apoplastic wash fluid from wild‐type‐ vs mutant‐infected plants identified a novel Leu/Ile glycoside metabolite present in the former.
Sniffing fungi – phenotyping of volatile chemical diversity inTrichodermaspecies
Authors: Guo Yuan , Jud Werner , Ghirardo Andrea , Antritter Felix , Benz J. Philipp , Schnitzler Jörg‐Peter , Rosenkranz Maaria 
Published: March 2020

SummaryVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) play vital roles in the interaction of fungi with plants and other organisms. A systematic study of the global fungal VOC profiles is still lacking, though it is a prerequisite for elucidating the mechanisms of VOC‐mediated interactions. Here we present a versatile system enabling a high‐throughput screening of fungal VOCs under controlled temperature. In a proof‐of‐principle experiment, we characterized the volatile metabolic fingerprints of fourTrichodermaspp. over a 48 h growth period.The developed platform allows automated and fast detection of VOCs from up to 14 simultaneously growing fungal cultures in real time. The comprehensive analysis of fungal odors is achieved by employing proton transfer reaction‐time of flight‐MS and GC‐MS. The data‐mining strategy based on multivariate data analysis and machine learning allows the volatile metabolic fingerprints to be uncovered.Our data revealed dynamic, development‐dependent and extremely species‐specific VOC profiles from the biocontrol genusTrichoderma. The two mass spectrometric approaches were highly complementary to each other, together revealing a novel, dynamic view to the fungal VOC release.This analytical system could be used for VOC‐based chemotyping of diverse small organisms, or more generally, for anyin vivoandin vitroreal‐time headspace analysis.