bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database to Fill in Knowledge Gaps for Environmental Health: A Test Case for Air Pollution-induced Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Davis Allan Peter , Wiegers Thomas C , Grondin Cynthia J , Johnson Robin J , Sciaky Daniela , Wiegers Jolene , Mattingly Carolyn J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Environmental health studies relate how exposures (eg, chemicals) affect human health and disease; however, in most cases, the molecular and biological mechanisms connecting an exposure with a disease remain unknown. To help fill in these knowledge gaps, we sought to leverage content from the public Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) to identify potential intermediary steps. In a proof-of-concept study, we systematically compute the genes, molecular mechanisms, and biological events for the environmental health association linking air pollution toxicants with 2 cardiovascular diseases (myocardial infarction and hypertension) as a test case. Our approach integrates 5 types of curated interactions in CTD to build sets of “CGPD-tetramers,” computationally constructed information blocks relating a Chemical- Gene interaction with a Phenotype and Disease. This bioinformatics strategy generates 653 CGPD-tetramers for air pollution-associated myocardial infarction (involving 5 pollutants, 58 genes, and 117 phenotypes) and 701 CGPD-tetramers for air pollution-associated hypertension (involving 3 pollutants, 96 genes, and 142 phenotypes). Collectively, we identify 19 genes and 96 phenotypes shared between these 2 air pollutant-induced outcomes, and suggest important roles for oxidative stress, inflammation, immune responses, cell death, and circulatory system processes. Moreover, CGPD-tetramers can be assembled into extensive chemical-induced disease pathways involving multiple gene products and sequential biological events, and many of these computed intermediary steps are validated in the literature. Our method does not require a priori knowledge of the toxicant, interacting gene, or biological system, and can be used to analyze any environmental chemical-induced disease curated within the public CTD framework. This bioinformatics strategy links and interrelates chemicals, genes, phenotypes, and diseases to fill in knowledge gaps for environmental health studies, as demonstrated for air pollution-associated cardiovascular disease, but can be adapted by researchers for any environmentally influenced disease-of-interest.
II Old English
Authors: Burns Rachel , Curran Colleen , Hardie Rebecca , Yang Kaifan , Kehoe Niamh , Knowles Emma , Ponirakis Eleni , Tedford Margaret 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter has eleven sections: 1. Bibliography; 2. Manuscript Studies, Palaeography, and Facsimiles; 3. Cultural and Intellectual Contexts; 4. Literature: General; 5. The Poems of the Exeter Book; 6. The Poems of the Vercelli Book; 7. The Poems of the Junius Manuscript; 8. Beowulf and the Beowulf Manuscript; 9. Other Poems; 10. Prose; 11. Reception. Sections 1, 9, and 11 are by Eleni Ponirakis; section 2 is by Rachel Burns and Colleen Curran, with contributions by Eleni Ponirakis; sections 3, 4, and 10 are by Margaret Tedford, with contributions from Eleni Ponirakis in section 3; section 5 is by Niamh Kehoe; section 6 is by Rebecca Hardie; section 7 is by Emma Knowles; section 8 is by Kaifan Yang.
Surgical Dislocation or the Modified Heuter Anterior Approach for Pipkin I and II Femoral Head Fracture Dislocations
Authors: Gavaskar Ashok S. , Srinivasan Parthasarathy , Jeyakumar Balamurugan , Raj Rufus V. , Sharath Vijay , Narayan, D Ananthkrishnan 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
To compare outcomes after surgical treatment of Pipkin I and II femoral head fractures treated with either a surgical dislocation (SD) or a direct anterior approach (the modified Heuter approach).

Study Design:
Retrospective, multicentre.

Setting:
Three Level I trauma care centers.

Patients:
Fourty-nine patients operated for Pipkin types I or II femoral head fractures. Twenty-seven using SD and 22 using the modified Heuter approach.

Interventions:
Initial closed reduction of the joint followed by open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture/fragment excision. Fixation was performed using headless or countersunk mini fragment screws.

Outcome Measurements:
The 2 groups were compared for (1) perioperative measures: blood loss, surgical time, pain [visual analog scale (VAS)], and length of hospital stay; (2) radiological outcome in terms of fracture union, occurrence of posttraumatic hip arthritis, and femoral head osteonecrosis; and (3) functional outcome using the modified Merle d' Aubigne score and Oxford hip scores.

Results:
Surgical time, blood loss, and VAS at 24 hours were significantly lower in the modified Heuter group. The VAS at discharge and length of stay were similar in both groups. All fractures had united. No cases of osteonecrosis were observed. Functional outcome and complications were similar in both groups.

Conclusions:
Both SD and the modified Heuter approach are effective in treating patients with Pipkin I and II femoral head fractures with comparable radiological and functional outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Influence of Sagittal Proximal Tibial Anatomy in Tibial Intramedullary Nailing
Authors: Cinats David J. , Viskontas Darius , Boyer Dory , Perey Bertrand , Stone Trevor 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
To quantify anatomic variation in sagittal proximal tibial anatomy and determine if anatomy or nail insertion method influences the radiographic nail position.

Design:
Retrospective cohort of prospectively collected data.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Forty-five patients with 46 tibia fractures (OTA/AO 41A, 42, and 43) treated with infrapatellar (IP) or suprapatellar (SP) nailing. The average patient age was 40.6 years (range 19–62 years).

Intervention:
Patients received IP or SP nailing. Cohorts were analyzed based on the nailing technique and proximal tibial anatomy.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Proximal tibial radiographic anatomy was quantified using novel measurements [anterior tubercle angle (ATA) and entry point position (EPP)]. Nail entry point, entry point displacement after reaming, nail position, and quality of reduction was measured and compared between groups.

Results:
ATA was highly variable between patients. ATA was strongly correlated with EPP with a higher ATA associated with EPP more colinear with the intramedullary canal. Patients with low ATA treated with IP nailing had significantly longer operative times (60.0 vs. 45.7 minutes). Low ATA tibias had a higher incidence of entry point displacement due to eccentric reaming compared with high ATA tibias (70% vs. 38%) with the highest incidence of entry point displacement and absolute displacement in low ATA tibias treated with IP nailing (86%, 2.8 mm). SP nailing demonstrated shorter operative times relative to IP nailing (45.5 vs. 55.6 minutes).

Conclusions:
There is considerable variability in proximal tibial anatomy and these features influences the nail position within the tibia. These differences in anatomy should be considered to potentially reduce operative times, entry point displacement and anteriorization of tibial nails.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Dysfunction of Empathy and Related Processes in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Salgado Rui M. , Pedrosa Raquel , Bastos-Leite António J. 
Published: July 2020

Learning objectives
After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:
• Assess differences between adult patients with the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and healthy control subjects in terms of empathy and related processes
• Evaluate the effects of empathy or related processes as factors contributing to abnormal social functioning in BPD

Abstract
We reviewed 45 original research studies, published between 2000 and 2019, to assess differences between adult patients with the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and healthy control subjects in terms of empathy and related processes (i.e., theory of mind, mentalizing, social cognition, and emotional intelligence). Thirty-six studies reported deficits of empathy or related processes in patients with BPD. Enhanced emotional empathy in BPD was also reported in eight studies, all of which revealed that patients had increased scores of personal distress on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index self-report questionnaire. Six studies did not find significant differences between patients with BPD and healthy control subjects in terms of empathy or related processes. No study reported enhanced cognitive empathy, social cognition, or emotional intelligence in patients with BPD. We postulate that deficits of empathy or related processes contribute to preempting the formation of stable interpersonal relationships, whereas enhanced emotional empathy might lead to personal (and interpersonal) distress, further contributing to abnormal social functioning in BPD.
The Personality Inventory for DSM-5: Psychometric Evidence of Validity and Reliability—Updates
Authors: Barchi-Ferreira, Bel Ana Maria , Osório Flávia L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
To perform a systematic review of the literature on the psychometric characteristics of different versions of the Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (PID-5) and to integrate the current findings with those of previous reviews by Al Dajani and colleagues (2015) and Watters and Bagby (2018).

Methods
This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses protocol. PubMed, PsycINFO, SciELO, Web of Science, and LILACS were searched using two keywords: personality AND DSM-5. Studies published from 2015 to 2018 were included.

Results
Sixty-four new studies were evaluated. The PID-5-self-report form (SRF) was concluded to have a factorial structure consisting of five factors and 25 facets, as well as excellent indicators of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity with different personality instruments and with other clinical constructs. The form also has predictive and discriminative potential, warranting further exploration in studies with samples of personality disorders in relation to different parameters and not only the diagnostic algorithm of DSM-5 Section III. The brief and informant versions, although less studied, also showed good psychometric indicators, comparable to the original version.

Conclusions
The PID-5 showed psychometric suitability for use in different cultures and contexts. The form’s use in clinical practice and as a means of operationalizing the diagnostic evaluation of the DSM-5 dimensional model is promising and should be encouraged.
Final Results of a Phase I/II Trial of the Combination Bendamustine and Rituximab With Temsirolimus (BeRT) in Relapsed Mantle Cell Lymphoma and Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Hess Georg , Wagner Karola , Keller Ulrich , La Rosee Paul , Atta Johannes , Hübel Kai , Lerchenmueller Christian , Schoendube Daniel , Witzens‐Harig Mathias , Ruckes Christian , Medler Christoph , van Oordt Christina , Klapper Wolfram , Theobald Matthias , Dreyling Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this phase I/II study, we explored the combination of Temsirolimus with Bendamustine and Rituximab (BeRT) in patients with relapsed or refractory (r/r) follicular lymphoma (FL) or mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Patients with 1 to 3 previous therapies received Bendamustine (90 mg/m2, day 1 + 2) and Rituximab (375 mg/m2, day 1) with Temsirolimus in doses from 25 to 75 mg in phase I and 50 mg Temsirolimus in phase II, added on day 1, 8, 15 of a 28 days cycle. The primary endpoint of the phase II was ORR at the end of treatment. Overall, 39 (29 MCL, 10 FL) patients were included. Median age was 71 years and median pretreatment number was 2. Grade 3/4 non‐hematologic adverse events were rare and included hyperglycemia in 3 patients (7%) and angioedema in 2 patients (5%). Infectious complications grade 3/4 were observed in 9 patients (23%). Hematologic grade 3/4 events included leukopenia in 22 (56%), neutropenia in 18 (46%), lymphopenia in 16 (41%) and thrombocytopenia in 14 patients (36%). An objective response (best response) was observed in 33/39 patients (89%; 24 MCL (89%) and 9 FL (90%)), including 14 CR (38%; 12 MCL (36%) and 2 FL (20%)). Median PFS is 1.5y for MCL and 1.82 years for FL, and median OS has not been reached for either entity. This data demonstrates promising efficacy of Temsirolimus in r/r MCL and FL with acceptable toxicity. The BeRT regimen may be used as a treatment option for both entities.
Lower Corneal Haze and Aberrations in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Versus Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty in Fellow Eyes for Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Waldrop William H. , Gillings Matthew J. , Robertson Danielle M. , Petroll W. Matthew , Mootha V. Vinod 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To investigate the long-term corneal changes in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy contributing to superior postoperative visual outcomes after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) compared with Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Methods:
Using retrospective analysis, we evaluated 9 patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy who underwent DSAEK in 1 eye and DMEK in the fellow eye. Patients were genotyped for the triplet repeat expansion in the TCF4 gene and imaged using optical coherence tomography, Scheimpflug imaging, and in vivo confocal microscopy through focusing.

Results:
Eight of 9 subjects were genotyped, and all were found to harbor the triplet repeat expansion. The average time between endothelial keratoplasty and imaging was 76 ± 22 and 37 ± 9 months after DSAEK and DMEK, respectively. The mean best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (logMAR) was 0.04 ± 0.05 and 0.11 ± 0.03 in the DMEK eyes versus DSAEK eyes (P = 0.02), respectively. Posterior corneal higher order aberrations were less in the DMEK eyes compared with fellow DSAEK eyes (0.25 ± 0.06 and 0.66 ± 0.25, respectively, P ≤ 0.01). Using confocal microscopy through focusing, we found that the persistent anterior stromal haze was correlated between the right and left eyes (R = 0.73, P ≤ 0.05), but total stromal backscattering was higher for the DSAEK eyes (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions:
DSAEK inherently results in higher total stromal backscattering (haze) compared with DMEK because of the addition of stromal tissue. Lower higher order aberrations of the posterior cornea and lower total stromal backscattering (haze) may both contribute to superior visual outcomes after DMEK compared with DSAEK.
Tectonic Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty for the Management of Corneal Perforation: A Case Series
Authors: Tourkmani Abdo Karim , Ansari Abdus Samad , Hossain Parwez N. , Konstantopoulos Aristides , Anderson David F. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
Corneal perforations pose a considerable challenge for ophthalmic surgeons. The aim remains restoring the anatomical integrity of eye while attempting to preserve as much visual function as possible. To our knowledge, we report the first case series of 4 successful tectonic Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) grafts completed for acute corneal perforation. In all cases, restoration of globe integrity was achieved. In cases where visual potential remained, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty over DSEK was offered.

Methods:
Four patients presenting to Royal Gwent Hospital (Newport, Wales) with corneal perforation were included. Etiological origins included exposure keratopathy, corneal hydrops secondary to pellucid marginal degeneration with fistulization-associated aqueous leak, and herpetic keratitis. Patients were treated with initial temporary therapies, including glue patch, the use of bandage contact lenses, amniotic membrane transplant, and antibiotic cover, depending on the size and location of the perforation. Subsequent DSEK was subsequently performed under local anesthesia.

Results:
All patients had successful tectonic grafts (3 DSEKs and 1 hemi-DSEK) up to 4 months postoperatively. In the case involving a hemi-DSEK, the patient underwent 2 refloating attempts of the graft before anchoring suture placement because of repeated graft detachment. Successful graft placement and tectonic globe restoration was confirmed by anterior segment imaging.

Conclusions:
Tectonic DSEK provides corneal surgeons with a new modality of treating corneal perforations. It provides clinicians an additional tool in their armamentarium in complex cases where anterior lamellar or penetrating keratoplasty may be contraindicated or deemed high risk of complications.
A Framework for Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating a Social Determinants of Health Initiative
Authors: Parrill Rachael E. 
Published: July 2020

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Even while making progress toward improved health outcomes, the United States is facing health disparities, increasing rates of chronic diseases, and rising healthcare costs. Health systems and organizations understand the positive impact that addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) can have on population health outcomes and cost savings, yet barriers exist to SDOH initiatives because of a lack of standardization and a clear framework. This essay proposes six steps for various types of healthcare organizations to take to achieve their unique SDOH goals. The framework provides examples from the SDOH literature for identifying and prioritizing health issues; conducting literature scans; calculating a projected return on investment; and selecting, implementing, and evaluating an SDOH initiative. By applying the evidence base for SDOH in developing and evaluating their efforts, healthcare organizations are better equipped to implement an SDOH initiative that improves health outcomes and decreases healthcare costs.
Cardiovascular Health Risk Behaviors by Occupation in the NYC Labor Force
Authors: Tannis Candace , Chernov Claudia , Perlman Sharon , McKelvey Wendy , Toprani Amita 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
We explored associations between occupation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk behaviors including: attempted weight loss, physical activity, smoking, and restaurant meal and sugary beverage consumption.

Methods:
We used NYC Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 to 2014 data, and coded free-text, occupational question responses using 2010 US Census Bureau Classification. CVD risk behaviors were compared across occupational categories, using regression to adjust for demographics.

Results:
There were health behavior differences across occupational categories. Construction/transportation/maintenance workers smoked more and were less likely than management to attempt weight loss, service workers were less likely to eat restaurant-prepared meals, sales/office workers were less likely to be physically active (all P < 0.05). Adjusting for demographics, differences in health behaviors were reduced, but remained present.

Conclusions:
Knowledge of occupational disparities may aid chronic disease prevention by identifying populations for targeted interventions.
Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy Is Safe and Highly Effective Treatment for Advanced Achalasia With Sigmoid Esophagus
Authors: Sanaka Madhusudhan R. , Garg Rajat , Chadalavada Pravallika , Thota Prashanthi N. , Gabbard Scott , Parikh Malav P. , Khoudari George , Murthy Sudish , Raja Siva 
Published: July 2020

Background and Aims:
In advanced achalasia patients with sigmoid esophagus, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) might be technically challenging and its outcomes are not well known in western population. Hence, our study aims were to assess and compare the safety and efficacy of POEM in achalasia patients with and without sigmoid esophagus.

Materials and Methods:
Medical records of achalasia patients who had POEM at our institution between April 2014 and December 2019 were reviewed. Patients who underwent work-up comprising timed barium esophagram (TBE) and high-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) before POEM along with 2-month post-POEM esophageal pH study, TBE and HREM were included in the final analysis. Patients were categorized as either sigmoid or no sigmoid esophagus based on the morphology of esophagus on TBE as per Japan Esophageal Society guidelines. Treatment success was defined as reduction of post-POEM Eckardt score to ≤3.

Results:
A total of 168 patients (sigmoid esophagus=20; no sigmoid esophagus=148) were included. Esophageal width on TBE at 1 minute was significantly higher in sigmoid esophagus group compared with no sigmoid esophagus group (4.9 vs. 3.0 cm, P<0.001). Procedural outcomes and complications were similar in both groups. At 2-month follow-up, both groups had significant improvement in Eckardt scores, TBE, and HREM parameters. Treatment success was high and similar in both sigmoid and no sigmoid groups (94.4% vs. 93.2%, P=0.84). The rates of gastroesophageal reflux disease were also similar in both groups.

Conclusions:
Our study findings suggest that POEM is safe and highly effective treatment for achalasia patients with sigmoid esophagus similar to those without sigmoid esophagus in western population. POEM should be considered as the treatment of choice in advanced achalasia with sigmoid esophagus.
Chronic inflammation and other changes are significant components of clinically fibrotic strictures in Crohn’s disease: a histological study of resected strictures clinically characterized as noninflamed
Authors: Shivaji Uday N. , Evans Matthew , Critchlow Tamsin , Gui Xianyong , Smith Samuel C.L. , Pinkney Thomas , Iacucci Marietta , Cooney Rachel , Ghosh Subrata , Skordilis Kassiani 
Published: July 2020

Background
Strictures related to Crohn’s disease due to fibrosis are a result of an exaggerated tissue remodelling response to inflammation, characterized by accumulation of collagen-rich extracellular matrix produced by mesenchymal cells.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to characterize histological changes seen in resected ‘fibrotic’ strictures to better understand individual components of intestinal stenosis.

Methods
We identified patients undergoing surgery for ileal Crohn’s disease secondary to symptomatic stricturing disease (Montreal B2) using the histopathology database at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, UK, between 2012 and 2017. Phenotypic data were recorded and resection specimens reviewed. Two independent pathologists applied the semiquantitative scoring system previously developed by us to the microscopic images. Data were analyzed using the possible maximum total score (%PMTS).

Results
Forty-eight patients (M = 25) were included. with median disease duration of 7 years (range 0.25–39 years); nearly two-thirds had ileocolonic distribution (L3). In this cohort, despite presurgery diagnosis of noninflamed fibrosis, chronic inflammation was noted to be a prominent component of all strictures. The histological scoring showed presence of several other prominent findings such as muscular hyperplasia and volume expansion.There was statistically significant positive correlation between chronic inflammation and fibrosis and muscular hyperplasia.

Conclusion
The histological features of Crohn’s disease-related strictures show multiple changes in multiple layers and not simply fibrosis. In our cohort, despite the observation prior to surgery that strictures were clinically considered fibrotic, the finding of chronic inflammation as a dominant component at a histological level in the resection is important. The findings might suggest that one of the main drivers of progressive fibrosis is the inflammatory component, which probably is never fully resolved.