bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Подходы к регулированию неформальной занятости: теория и практика
Authors: Некипелова Д. В. 
Published: July 2020

<span>Проблема распространения неформальной занятости актуальна для многих стран вне зависимости от уровня их социально-экономического развития и обладает ярко выраженной географической и национальной спецификой. Большинство стран пытаются оптимизировать это явление и максимально легализовать трудовые отношения. Автор статьи анализирует различные подходы к регулированию неформальной занятости, в том числе существующие в рамках классических научных школ, а также реализованных на практике отдельными странами. Через анализ теоретических и прикладных подходов автор задается целью поиска актуальных решений, направленных на сокращение неформальной занятости и повышение качества структуры общей занятости для российского рынка труда. Интегрирование успешных зарубежных практик в российских условиях может позволить сократить время и расходы на реализацию соответствующих программ, а также повысить их эффективность. Главный вывод исследования заключается в том, что сокращение неформальной занятости зависит от реализации комплексных и системных мероприятий, охватывающих все сферы институциональной, экономической, социальной и правовой среды. В заключение представлены предложения, которые, по мнению автора, могут лечь в основу государственной программы по легализации занятости.</span>
Characteristics of Species Composition of Causative Agents in Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Filonenko H. , Avetyan A. , Kramarenko D. , Salamanina A. , Guryeva O. , Romaniuk O. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction. The frequency of infective endocarditis (IE) in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) is 15– 140 times higher than that in the overall population and varies from 2 to 18% according to different authors.
The aim. To define the main groups of causative agents of infective endocarditis in children and adults in order to build up an antibiotic treatment algorithm.
Materials and methods. The analysis of examination findings and treatment outcomes in 124 patients was conducted from 2014 to 2019. These patients received medical treatment at the Ukrainian Children`s Cardiac Center (UCCC), Kyiv. The patients were divided into two groups by age: group 1 included children aged from 6 days to 18 years (62 [50.0%]), group 2 comprised adults aged from 18 to 79 years (62 [50.0%]).
Results and discussion. Forty-nine isolates were recovered from 124 patients during the analysis of microbiological study results. The frequency of bacterial IE causative agents was 26 (41.9%) in group 1, and 17 (27.4%) in group 2. Comparative analysis of the spectrum of IE pathogens revealed differences in the two study groups. Coagulase-negative staphylococcus was the most common causative agent in group 1 (46.7% of all isolated strains; n = 12) and in group 2 (44.4%; n = 8). Staphylococcus aureus in children was detected in 5 (8.1%) cases, whereas in adults only in 2 (11.1%) cases. Pathogens of the Enterococcus spp. family (E. faecalis) were recovered in both study groups: in 6.5% (n = 2) and 16.6% (n = 3) of the patients, respectively. Gram-negative flora was detected in 3 (9.7%) patients of group 1 and, in 2 (11.1%) patients of group 2. Fungal flora was more commonly found in children (7 [22.6%] cases represented by the Candida family), whereas in adults only 1 (5.6%) case represented by the Mucor family was revealed.
Conclusions. Etiological structure of the infective endocarditis pathogens in both groups was represented mainly by gram-positive bacteria, with S. epidermidis (24.5%) being the most essential. The changes were revealed in the species composition of the pathogens in group 1 with fungal microflora dominance: Candida parapsilosis in 9.7%, C. albicans and C. famata in 6.5% of the total number of plated cultures in this group. The difference in surgical operations due to possible IE in both groups was established based on the specific features of operations determined by the age factor.
Neurological Complications after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for High-Risk Patients: Current State of the Problem
Authors: Gogayeva O. , Rudenko A. , Lazoryshynets V. 
Published: July 2020

Neurological disorders are the most serious and debilitating complications of the postoperative period in cardiac surgery. The main clinical manifestations of cerebral dysfunction are as follows: stroke, decreased cognitive function, encephalopathy and depressive disorder.
The aim. To perform a literature review of neurological complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in high-risk patients.
Results. The main neurological complications after CABG in high-risk patients were considered. The main pathophysiological mechanisms of development of cerebral circulation disorders in the form of macro- and microembolization, hypoperfusion secondary to hypotension and systemic inflammatory response have been determined. According to the literature, the incidence of stroke in the postoperative period is 1.5–6%, and it increases in the elderly. It’s important to perform carotid arteries ultrasound before CABG. According to the literature, carotid stenosis greater than 60% is found, depending on the age group, in 7–12% of patients. There is an ongoing debate around the world regarding the method and time of carotid atherosclerosis surgery (before revascularization, during or after CABG). Newman and co-authors have shown that in 5 years after myocardial revascularization, 41% of patients have a decrease in cognitive function, and it is lower than it was before surgery. Opponents of on-pump CABG have hypothesized the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease after surgery with extracorporeal circulation, but authors from Mayo Clinic have investigated this question and refuted this theory; Canadian researchers have even proved the positive effect of revascularization on prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. The main strate­ gy for the prevention of cerebral complications is an individual approach for each high-risk patient.
Acceptance of Low Vision Aids in Visually Impaired Patients Attending to Tertiary Eye Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Pankaj Ray , Khanal Miru , Chaudhary Nirmala , Chaudhry Monica , Anwar Afaque , Karn Rajiv Ranjan 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Vision impairment is the degree of reduction in vision that makes a remarkable effect on personality, intelligence, social, mental and economic factors of individuals.
Objective To analyze the acceptance of low vision aids with their respective occupations and needs in visually impaired patients atiending to Tertiary Eye Hospital.
Methodology A cross-sectional study was done at the low vision clinic of Biratnagar Eye Hospital (BEH), Biratnagar, Nepal from January to March 2018. During the study period, a total of 51 visually impaired patients were included for the study who were eligible and willing to participate.
Result The most common age group visited to low vision clinic were up to 20 years (43%). Males comprised a maximum study population of (88%) and most of them were from the neighboring country India (96%). The most common disease-causing low vision was Retinal Diseases (41%). Among all occupations, students accepted more optical low vision aids for both distance(31.5%) and near (47%). The most common demand was reading and writing (86%). At distance, the telescope was prescribed to (65%) and at near, spectacle magnifiers were prescribed to (72%).
Conclusion: There is more acceptance of the low vision aids among the students for both distance and near work compare to other occupation. The low vision device should be prescribed concerning the education, occupation, and needs of the patients.
Caudal Epidural Block for Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy (Ursl): A Prospective Study
Authors: Bhattarai Rupak , Paudel Bandana , Subba Sangeeta , Das Chitta Ranjan 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) is the surgical treatment of choice for ureter stones. There are lots of anesthetic considerations for removal of such stones. Generally, ureteroscopic lithotripsy are done under general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess whether ureteroscopic lithotripsy can be done under caudal anesthesia.
Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted in Nobel Medical college Teaching hospital, Nepal over a period of one and half year from May 2018 to October 2019. All the 100 patients posted for ureteroscopic lithotripsy was given caudal anesthesia. Location of stone, duration of surgery, time of onset of caudal anesthesia, time and level of maximum block spread, Intensity of block was assessed.
Result: Out of 100 patients, 56 were male and 44 were female. The mean age and weight was 58±13.182 and 62±18.42 respectively. Time of onset of sensory block, 26 patients in 0- 5 minutes, 26 patients in 5-10 minutes, 56 patients in 10-15 minutes, 12 patients in 15-20 minutes, 4 patients in 20-25 minutes & 2 patients in more than 25 minutes. Maximum spread of block was seen at T6 level in 4 patients, at T8 level in 36 patients and at T10 level in 56 patients.
Conclusion: Caudal epidural block is a safe, effective anesthetic technique for ureteroscopic lithotripsy.
Infection and Thrombotic Complications in Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICCs) in Cancer Patients at Healthcare Global Hospital, Bangalore
Authors: Sapkota Sulav , Priyadarshini Mona , Naik Radheshyam 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is a form of vascular access device (VAD) that can be used for a prolonged period of time in cancer patients for diverse indications. Despite the many advantages, catheter related complications are common.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate infection and thrombotic complications of PICCs in cancer patients.
Methodology: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study, over a duration of thirty months from June 2015 to December 2017 in the Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology at our tertiary care, cancer hospital to assess, analyze and compare the infection and thrombotic complications in cancer patients with a PICC line. All patients with cancer who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and were followed up until catheter removal. The basic information regarding PICCs insertion, weekly care and removal was maintained. The data were analyzed and compared to identify catheter related complications
Result: Four hundred and sixty-one PICCs were monitored for a total of 57,438 catheter-days (mean of 124 days i.e. 4.15 months, range : 1 to 434 days). Out of these 461 PICCs, 29 (6.29%) had both infection and thrombotic complications, as a result of which 22 were removed in 57,438 catheter days. (ie catheter removal rate was 0.38 per 1000 PICC days). Infection complications were found more with hematological malignancies while thrombotic complication were predominant in solid tumours.
Conclusion: Infection complications were more common in hematological cancer patients than solid cancers where thrombotic complications were more common.
Diagnostic Significance of Clinicopathological Concordance in Various Spectrums of Skin Disorders
Authors: Kafle Santosh Upadhyaya , Chaudhary Dilip , Sabrina Yamu Sabrina Yamu , Jha Krishna 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Wide spectrums of skin disorders exist in the world. Skin biopsy is a proven method for allying the dermatologist in overcoming the diagnostic dilemmas that occur in consultations. The different level of clinicopathological concordance, either full or partial and discordant study may reflect the agreement between the clinicians and pathologists for diagnosing spectrum of skin disorders.
Objectives: To analyze the histopathological spectrum of skin diseases emphasizing on the diagnostic significance of its clinicopathological concordance.
Methodology: This is a prospective cross sectional hospital based study of skin biopsies obtained in the Department of Pathology, at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital from Dec 2016 to Jan 2020. Demographic data, nature of lesions, correlation between clinicopathological concordance and histopathological diagnosis were analyzed using SPSS version 16.
Result: Among 111 skin biopsies, female gender of 19-39 years age groups was predominant. The commonest histopathological diagnosis of skin biopsies was under infectious and bacterial origin category (24.3%) reflecting non-neoplastic nature mostly. The overall clinicopathological concordant was 78.38% (fully concordant 27.93% and partially concordant 50.45%) and discordant 21.62%. Nature of lesions was strongly correlated (p<0.05) with age group, while it was weak with gender. However, the relationship was very strong between histopathological diagnosis and clinicopathological concordance (p<0.05%).
Conclusion: Findings suggest that the clinicopathological concordance correlated well in histopathologically diagnosed disease category of skin disorders. This reflects the high diagnostic value of histopathological examinations for diagnosing different spectrum of skin disorders.
The Associated Meniscal Tears and Associated Risk Factors in Concomitant ACL Injuries of the Knee: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kalawar Rosan Prasad Shah , Chaudhary Pashupati , Rijal Raju , Pokharel Bishnu 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The pattern of meniscus tear has significant impact onsubsequent rehabilitation and functional outcome as theyare usually associated with ACL injury.Knowledge about associated meniscus tear helps to identifypatients in the early post-traumatic phase.
Objectives: To study meniscus tear patterns and associationbetween different tear patterns of meniscus in ACLinjured subjects and to identify potential demographic andother associated risk factors.
Methodology: Routine arthroscopic findings database of 54 patientsoperated for primary ACL reconstruction from January 2017to December 2018 was used to study associated tear of meniscus. Based on arthroscopic evaluation, cases weregrouped into meniscus having no tear, minor tear and majortear. Major tear included complete radial tears, root tearsand unstable longitudinal tears including bucket-handletears.
Result: Totalarthroscopycasesinthestudydurationwere124.Ofthose,43% (n=54) underwent ACL reconstruction (ACLR) for tornACL. Among the patients who underwent ACLR, 58% had notear, 26%hadminortears, and16%hadmajortears ofthemeniscus. Therewere significant differencesbetweenthree groups for gender, age groupsandmechanism of injury. Risk factors formajortearsweremalegenderandage<30years.Minorandmajortears were associated with a contact injury.
Conclusion: Male, age <30 years and history of contact injury havehigh risks for having an associated meniscus tear. Earlyreferral to magnetic resonance imaging and/or arthroscopyis recommended to allow meniscus repair in a timelymanner.
Efektivitas Pembangunan Rumah Risha, Rika dan Riko (3R) Bagi Masyarakat Terdampak Gempa
Authors: Suta Kama , Irawanto Ekky , Rahmawati Holifia Vania , Widayanti Baiq Harly 
Published: July 2020

Bencana gempa bumi yang terjadi di berbagai macam kerusakan dan salah satu wilayah yang paling memiliki dampak besar adalah Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Kecamatan Tanjung merupakan salah satu kecampatan yang paling terdampak di Lombok Utara dimana 85% ba Pemerintah daerah dan pusat beserta beberapa lembaga sosial lainnya saling bekerjasama untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tempat tinggal masyarakat agar mereka cepat kembali memiliki hunian tempat tinggal yang layak. Sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat tingkat efektivitas dari model bangunan rumah yang direkomendasikan oleh pemerintah yaitu Rumah Instan Sehat Sederhana Kayu (RIKA). Metode penel menggunakan 6 variabel dan 14 pertanyaan. Hasil dari penelitian tersebut adalah Risha memiliki nilai efektifitas 3,16, Rika memiliki nilai efektifitas 2,97 dan Riko memiliki nilai 2,99. Dari ketiga model rumah ters masyarakat model Risha memiliki tingkat efektifitas yang paling baik diantara ketiga model rumah yang dibiayai oleh pemerintah namun masih masuk dalam kategori cukup efektif. Sama halnya dengan Rika dan Riko masuk dalam kategori nilai cukup efektif menurut pendapat masyarakat.Abstract: The earthquake that occurred on the island of Lombok has caused various types of damage and one of the areas that has the greatest impact is North Lombok Regency. Tanjung Subdistrict is one of the most affected sub-districts in North Lombok Regency where 85% of its residential buildings are leveled with land.Regional and central governments along with several other social institutions work together to solve community housing problems so that they quickly return to having decent dwellings. So the purpose of this study is to look at the effectiveness of the house building models recommended by the government, namely Simple Healthy Instant Houses (RISHA), Convetional Instant Houses (RIKO) and Wood Instant Houses (RIKA). The research method uses linkert analysis using 6 variables and 14 questions. The results of the study are that Risha has an effectiveness value of 3.16, Rika has an effectiveness alue of 2.97 and Rico has a value of 2.99. Of the three house models, the community opinion of the Risha model shows the best level of effectiveness among the three models of houses that are funded by the government but still fall into the fairly effective category. Similarly, Rika and Riko fall into the value category quite effectively in the opinion of the community.
Analisis Variasi Slice Thickness Terhadap Informasi Anatomi Potongan Axial Pada Pemeriksaan MSCT Cervical Pada Kasus Trauma
Authors: Nugroho Rizki Aditya , Ardiyanto Jeffri , Wijokongko Sigit 
Published: July 2020

Background: One step to create a good image is by doing slice thickness reconstruction. Slice thickness is thick slices or pieces of the object checked out. The examination procedure of MSCT in case of Cervical trauma in Radiology Installation RSUD Tugurejo Semarang using slice thickness 3 mm. This contrasts with Seeram (2016), which explained that the examination of adult MSCT Cervical Spine using slice thickness between 1-2 mm. This research aims to know the difference of anatomic information resulted by 5 slice thickness variation in MSCT Cervical Spine and to find out which slice thickness can provide optimum anatomic information.Methods: The type of this research is quantitative with an experimental approach. Data is performed by reconstructing the 5 images of MSCT cervical of trauma patients using 5 slice thickness variation which is 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm and 3 mm. The final images are evaluated by two Respondents to see the differences in anatomic information and then analyzed by using a different test (Friedman Test) from the SPSS version 24.0.Results: The results showed there is a significant difference in anatomic information on the corpus, lamina, spinous process, transverse process and fragment fracture between variations in slice thickness of 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, and 3 mm on the MSCT Cervical examination with a significance value of 0,000 or p 0.05.Conclusion: The most optimal slice thickness to provide anatomic information on the cervical MSCT examination is 1 mm slice thickness with a mean rank value of 3.64.
مكانة التوقيع الإلكتروني في قانون الإثبات: دراسة تحليلية
Authors: TENGKU HUSSAIN TENGKU SAIPULIZAN , Wan Ismail Wan Abdul Fattah 
Published: July 2020

This study aims to discuss one of the effects of modern development in the law of evidence, focusing on the status of electronic signature on the occasion of the recent developments of information technology. This is due to the various approaches to the authentication methods exist in the Evidence Act, which relates to the issue of validity. It also needs experts in the said field to verify its validity. Other issue is the lack of knowledge on the Electronic signature among the Judges in courts. Based on the current problems, this study focuses on three main aspects; the definition of Electronic Signature based on Fiqh and the existing laws that support the definitions of Electronic signature. The second is on the terms and characteristics of the electronic signature and the third is the authenticity of the electronic signature in the evidence. This study is based on the method of analytical study of the texts of laws and projects, comparative study and different opinions, based on references and related scientific sources. From this study, we can conclude that an electronic signature is related to a sign, phrase, or procedure concerning letters, numbers, symbols, signs, sounds, or any combination that appears in an electronic form. We also find that there are certain conditions for electronic signature to make it an admissible argument in evidence in many respects in terms of delivery, storage and others. What is more, the laws of evidence have recognized the authenticity of an electronic signature and while the traditional signature is recognized under certain conditions
Effects of Neem and Nishyinda leaves supplementation on growth performance and gut biosis in broiler
Authors: Rahaman Atikur , Rashid Md Bazlar , Hasan Md Mahmudul , Islam Rakibul , Aziz Fahima Binthe , Sarkar Sumon 
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted under the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology to determine the effects of Neem and Nishyinda leaves supplementation on growth performance and GUT biosis in broilers. A total of 40 day old broiler chicks were divided into four groups A, B, C and D. Group A was considered as control, fed only with commercial broiler ration. Group B supplemented with formulation of 2 gm grinded Neem leaves, Group C with 2 gm grinded Nishyinda leaves and Group D with 1 gm grinded Neem leaves plus 1 gm grinded Nishyinda leaves per liter of water respectively. Observations were recorded for live body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, hemato-biochemical parameters and GUT biosis specially the parasite of birds in six weeks. Body weights were increased significantly (p<0.05) in all treated groups in respect to the control and highest was recorded in combine Neem plus Nishyinda supplemented groups (Group D). No significant (p>0.05) differences were observed among the groups for PCV and TEC values. Hb content increased and ESR decreased significantly (p<0.05) with combine Neem plus Nishyinda supplemented group (Group D). The serum SGOT and SGPT levels were also decreased with the same kind of supplementation. In treatment group there was significantly decreased of parasitic eggs, but in case of control group no decrease of parasitic eggs. There was no significant pathological change in any internal organs of the broiler of treated groups. Best result was found in the group D. The present study reveals that combine supplementation of Neem plus Nishyinda gives better result over other groups in respect to body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, hemato-biochemical parameter and profitability without making any health hazard of the broilers.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 168-175