bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A standardised method of marking male mosquitoes with fluorescent dust
Authors: Culbert Nicole J , Kaiser Maria , Venter Nelius , Vreysen Marc J. B. , Gilles Jeremie R. L. , Bouyer Jérémy 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Prior to a major release campaign of sterile insects, including the sterile insect technique, male mosquitoes must be marked and released (small scale) to determine key parameters including wild population abundance, dispersal and survival.Marking insects has been routinely carried out for over 100 years, however, there is no gold standard regarding the marking of specific disease-transmitting mosquitoes including Anopheles arabiensis, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus . The research presented offersa novel dusting technique and optimal dust colour and quantities, suitable for small-scale releases, such as mark-release-recapture studies. Methods: We sought to establish a suitable dust colour and quantity for batches of 100 male An. arabiensis , that was visible both by eye and under UV light, long lasting and did not negatively impact longevity. A set of lower dust weights were selected to conduct longevity experiments with both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to underpin the optimal dust weight. A further study assessed the potential of marked male An. arabiensis to transfer their mark to undusted males and females. Results: The longevity of male An. arabiensis marked with various dust colours was not significantly reduced when compared to unmarked controls. Furthermore, the chosen dust quantity (5 mg) did not negatively impact longevity ( P = 0.717) and provided a long-lasting mark. Dust transfer was found to occur from marked An. arabiensis males to unmarked males and females when left in close proximity. However, this was only noticeable when examining individuals under a stereomicroscope and thus deemed negligible. Overall, male Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus displayed a greater sensitivity to dusting. Only the lowest dust weight (0.5 mg) did not significantly reduce longevity ( P = 0.888) in Ae. aegypti, whilst the lowest two dust weights (0.5 and 0.75 mg) had no significant impact on longevity ( P = 0.951 and 0.166) respectively in Ae. albopictus . Conclusion: We have devised a fast, inexpensive and simple marking method and provided recommended dust quantities for several major species of disease-causing mosquitoes. The novel technique provides an evenly distributed, long-lasting mark which is non-detrimental. Our results will be useful for future MRR studies, prior to a major release campaign.
Invasive cattle ticks in East Africa: morphological and molecular confirmation of the presence of Rhipicephalus microplus in south-eastern Uganda
Authors: Muhanguzi Dennis , Byaruhanga Joseph , Amanyire Wilson , Ndekezi Christian , Ochwo Sylvester , Nkamwesiga Joseph , Mwiine Frank Nobert , Tweyongyere Robert , Fourie Josephus , Madder Maxime , Schetters Theo , Horak Ivan , Juleff Nick , Jongejan Frans 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Rhipicephalus microplus, an invasive tick species of Asian origin and the main vector of Babesia species, is considered one of the most widespread ectoparasites of livestock. The tick has spread from its native habitats on translocated livestock to large parts of the tropical world, where it has replaced some of the local populations of Rhipicephalus decoloratus ticks. Although the tick was reported in Uganda 70 years ago, it has not been found in any subsequent surveys. This study was carried out to update the national tick species distribution on livestock in Uganda as a basis for tick and tick-borne disease control, with particular reference to R. microplus.Methods: The study was carried out in Kadungulu, Serere district, south-eastern Uganda, which is dominated by small scale livestock producers. All the ticks collected from 240 cattle from six villages were identified microscopically. Five R. microplus specimens were further processed for phylogenetic analysis and species confirmation.Results: The predominant tick species found on cattle was Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (86.9 %; n = 16,509). Other species found were Amblyomma variegatum (7.2 %; n = 1377), Rhipicephalus evertsi (2.3 %; n = 434) and R. microplus (3.6 %; n = 687). Phylogenetic analysis of the 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and ITS2 gene sequences of R. microplus confirmed the morphological identification.Conclusions: It is concluded that R. microplus has replaced R. decoloratus in the sampled villages in Kadungulu sub-county, since the latter was not any longer found in this area. There is currently no livestock movement policy in force in Uganda, which could possibly limit the further spread of R. microplus ticks. Future surveys, but also retrospective surveys of museum specimens, will reveal the extent of distribution of R. microplus in Uganda and also for how long this tick has been present on livestock without being noticed.
Production and the characterization of avian crypt-villus enteroids and the effect of chemicals
Authors: Acharya Mohan , Arsi Komala , Donoghue Annie , Liyanage Rohana , Rath Narayan C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Three-dimensional models of cell culture such as organoids and mini organs accord better advantage over regular cell culture because of their ability to simulate organ functions hence, used for disease modeling, metabolic research, and the development of therapeutics strategies. However, most advances in this area are limited to mammalian species with little progress in others such as poultry where it can be deployed to study problems of agricultural importance. In the course of enterocyte culture in chicken, we observed that intestinal mucosal villus-crypts self-repair and form spheroid-like structures which appear to be useful as ex vivo models to study enteric physiology and diseases.

Results: The villus-crypts harvested from chicken intestinal mucosa were cultured to generate enteroids, purified by filtration then re cultured with different chemicals and growth factors to assess their response based on their morphological dispositions. Histochemical analyses using marker antibodies and probes showed the enteroids consisting different cell types such as epithelial, goblet, and enteroendocrine cells typical to villi and retain functional characteristics of intestinal mucosa.

Conclusions: We present a simple procedure to generate avian crypt-villous enteroids containing different cell types. Because the absorptive cells are functionally positioned outwards, similar to the luminal enterocytes, the cells have better advantages to interact with the factors present in the culture medium. Thus, the enteroids have the potential to study the physiology, metabolism, and pathology of the intestinal villi and can be useful for preliminary screenings of the factors that may affect gut health in a cost-effective manner and reduce the use of live animals.
From Eat to trEat: Engineering the mitochondrial Eat1 enzyme for enhanced ethyl acetate production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kruis Aleksander J. , Bohnenkamp Anna Christina , Nap Bram , Nielsen Jochem , Mars Astrid E. , Wijffels Rene H. , Oost John van der , Kengen Servé W. M. , Weusthuis Ruud A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Genetic engineering of microorganisms has become a common practice to establish microbial cell factories for a wide range of compounds. Ethyl acetate is an industrial solvent that is used in several applications, mainly as a biodegradable organic solvent with low toxicity. While ethyl acetate is produced by several natural yeast species, the main mechanism of production has remained elusive until the discovery of Eat1 in Wickerhamomyces anomalus . Unlike other yeast alcohol acetyl transferases (AATs), Eat1 is located in the yeast mitochondria, suggesting that the coding sequence contains a mitochondrial pre-sequence. For expression in prokaryotic hosts such as E. coli , expression of heterologous proteins with eukaryotic signal sequences may not be optimal. Results Unprocessed and synthetically truncated eat1 variants of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Wickerhamomyces anomalus have been compared in vitro regarding enzyme activity and stability. While the specific activity remained unaffected, half-life improved for several truncated variants. The same variants showed better performance regarding ethyl acetate production when expressed in E. coli. Conclusion By analysing and predicting the N-terminal pre-sequences of different Eat1 proteins and systematically trimming them, the stability of the enzymes in-vitro could be improved, leading to an overall improvement of in-vivo ethyl acetate production in E. coli . Truncated variants of eat1 could therefore benefit future engineering approaches towards efficient ethyl acetate production.
Patients with IVF complicated by moderate-to-critical OHSS experience increased thrombosis,GDM and neonatal NICU admission but slightly shorter gestation compared with matched IVF counterparts: A retrospective Chinese cohort study
Authors: Hu Linli , Xie Rui , Wang Mengying , Sun Yingpu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a common disease during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation treatment. However, the obstetrics and neonatal outcomes of these group of patients are barely known. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of late moderate-to-critical ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) on obstetric and neonatal outcomes.
Methods: This is a prospective observational study including 17,537 patients after IVF/ICSI-fresh embryo transfer (ET) from June 2012 to July 2016, after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of whom 7064 eligible patients were diagnosed with clinical pregnancy. Finally, 6356 patients were allocated to the control group, and 385 patients who were hospitalized and treated at the center for late moderate-to-critical OHSS were allocated to the OHSS group.
Results: The live birth delivery rate did not significantly differ between the OHSS and the macthed control groups, and the incidence rates of the obstetric complications venous thrombosis (VT), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), neonatal complications and the numbers of neonates admitted to the NICU were significantly higher in the OHSS group than that in the macthed control group. The duration of gestation was significantly higher in the macthed control group than that in the OHSS group.
Conclusions: Late moderate-to-critical OHSS could reduce gestational time, increase obstetric complications and neonatal complications. However, the incidence rates of live birth rate, premature delivery, miscarriage, early abortion, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP), Placenta previa (PP), Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), average neonatal weight and LBW did not statistically significant difference between the two groups.
Association between Dietary Energy Density with Mental Health and Sleep Quality in Women with Overweight/Obesity
Authors: Maddahi Niloofarsadat , Yarizadeh Habib , Setayesh Leila , Nasir Yasaman , Alizadeh Shahab , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective: Mental health, sleep quality, and dietary intake are interlinked. Impairment of mental health and low sleep quality may contribute to obesity through the consumption of diets high in energy density. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether dietary energy density (DED) influences mental health. This study aimed to examine the association of DED with mental health indices, including depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality in women with overweight/obesity.Results: There was a decreasing trajectory in serum triglyceride across quartiles of DED (from Q1 to Q4) in the crude analysis and also after adjustment for age, BMI, and physical activity After adjustment for age, BMI, and physical activity, subjects in the highest quartile of DED had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. DED was significantly associated with increased odds of stress in the crude (OR =2.15, 95%CI: 1.01-4.56, p= 0.04) and adjusted model for age, BMI, and physical activity (OR = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.13-5.79, p=0.02). No significant relationship was observed between DED and depression, anxiety and sleep quality. In conclusion, current study shows preliminary evidence of an association between DED and stress.
Analysis of Sagittal Spinal Morphology and Function of Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Feng Qiang , Zhou Yu , Wang Fubaihui , Wang Minghao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Spine health is significant in adolescent health. Few studies have focused on adolescent sagittal plane health; therefore, this study investigated the sagittal spine morphology and function of adolescents.Methods: This cross-sectional study analysed 1152 junior and senior high school students (543 boys and 609 girls) in Beijing. Spinal sagittal morphology and function of adolescents were measured using the Spinal Mouse. The sacral angle (SA), thoracic kyphosis angle (TKA), lumbar lordosis angle (LLA), inclination angle (INA), sacral range of motion (SROM), thoracic range of motion (TROM), lumbar range of motion (LROM), and inclination range of motion (IROM) were measured. The Matthiass strength test was used to measure changes in angles after external load placement on the adolescent spine.Results: Abnormal TKA rates were 48.2% and 44.7% in the junior and senior high school groups, respectively. Abnormal LLA rates were 44.6% and 55.4%, respectively. Spinal mobility test results of the junior high school group were 60.6°±19.1° (SROM), 23.0°±16.6° (TROM), 81.3°±15.4° (LROM), and 136.1°±16.9° (IROM) for boys and 66.0°±34.4° (SROM), 14.0°±17.3° (TROM), 66.3°±18.6° (LROM), and 127.4°±26.8° (IROM) for girls. For the high school group, these results were 66.0°±17.6° (SROM), 21.6°±16.0° (TROM), 77.9°±15.1° (LROM), and 138.4°±16.0° (IROM) for boys and 72.2°±26.9° (SROM), 15.7°±17.2° (TROM), 65.8°±18.2° (LROM), and 133.4°±21.7° (IROM) for girls. There were significant differences between boys and girls (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The Matthiass strength test results indicated that the inclination angle change (INAc) values of the junior high school group were 5.7°±5.0° and 2.6°±3.7° for boys and girls, respectively; however, the INAc values of the senior high school group were 2.8°±3.3 and 1.6°±3.0 for boys and girls, respectively, indicating significant differences (P<0.01). The canonical correlation coefficients of SA, SROM, LROM, and IROM were 1.3877, -2.5384, -0.6625, and 1.6336, respectively. SROM and LROM were negatively correlated and IROM was positively correlated with spinal function.Conclusion: Thoracic kyphosis and lumber lordosis rates were high. During flexion and extension, Boys had better thoracic and lumbar vertebral activity and overall activity. Girls had better ability to maintain the normal spinal shape with an extra load. Sacral obliquity and pelvic position greatly influence the spinal morphology.
Functional constipation masked as irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Tosto Monica , D’Andrea Paola , Salamone Ignazio , Pellegrino Salvatore , Costa Stefano , Lucanto Maria Cristina , Pallio Socrate , MAGAZZU GIUSEPPE , Guandalini Stefano 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Rome IV criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders state that children suspected of having Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) with Constipation (IBS-C) should be preliminarily treated for constipation. We aimed at verifying if functional constipation may indeed lead to an erroneous diagnosis of IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) or IBS with mixed pattern of diarrhea and constipation (IBS-M). Methods: We prospectively enrolled in an unblinded fashion 10 and 16 consecutive children referred to our center who met Rome IV criteria for a diagnosis of IBS-D and IBS-M, respectively. Patients who fulfilled criteria for suspect “occult constipation” were then given a bowel cleaning regimen with Polyethylene glycol 3350, re-evaluated at 2 months and followed up for at least 6 months. Sixteen additional patients with IBS with Constipation (IBS-C) referred in the same period served as control. The endpoints were: 1) a decrease of more than 50% in abdominal pain intensity and frequency scores; and 2) for patients with IBS-D and IBS-M: resolution of diarrhea. Results: The endpoints were met by 8 (80%) and 14 (87%) of the patients with IBS-D and IBS-M, respectively, with decrease of abdominal pain and resolution of “diarrhea”. The response was not significantly different from that observed in 15 (93%) of the IBS-C control group. Conclusion: Acknowledging the limitations of the small number of patients and of the uncontrolled nature of the study, we suggest that a possibly large number of patients labeled as IBS-D or IBS-M may actually simply present functional constipation and should be managed as such.
Cone beam computed tomographic analysis of the spatial limitation during mandibular arch distalization
Authors: Chen Chia-Ling , Chen Chia-Hui , Pan Chin-Yun , Chang Hong-Po , Chen Ping-Ho , Tseng Yu-Chuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: In the literature, attempts are seldom made to quantify spatial limitation during mandibular arch distalization. This study aimed to investigate the spatial limitations associated with cortical contact with the mandibular second molar during mandibular arch distalization. Methods: The study population included 67 individuals who had undergone cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) (34 male and 33 female; mean age: 23.9 ± 2.72 years). The total ridge width, alveolar housing width, and root width were measured to evaluate the buccolingual limit. The space distal to the molar root represented the mesiodistal limit. The influence of sex, right versus left side, root-contact condition, malocclusion category, and presence of wisdom teeth were evaluated. Results: The rate of cortical contact was 49.3% before any orthodontic movement. No significant differences were observed in the alveolar width according to sex (male vs female), side assessed (right vs left), wisdom teeth (present vs absent), or malocclusion category. The ridge width and the alveolar width were smaller in the contact group than in the non-contact group (P < 0.01). The group with wisdom teeth showed a larger available distalization distance, but a significant difference was observed only near the alveolar crest. Conclusions: Both ridge width and available distalization distance were limiting factors for mandibular teeth distalization. For cases in which whole-arch distalization is planned, CBCT is recommended before treatment, especially for non-extraction treatment. This approach ensures safe and predictable tooth movement.
Chromosomal instability in untreated primary prostate cancer as an indicator of metastatic potential
Authors: Miller Eric T , You Sungyong , Cadaneanu Radu M , Kim Minhyung , Yoon Junhee , Liu Sandy T , Li Xinmin , Kwan Lorna , Hodge Jennelle , Quist Michael J , Grasso Catherine S , Lewis Michael S. , Knudsen Beatrice S , Freeman Michael R , Garraway Isla P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Metastatic prostate cancer (PC) is highly lethal. The ability to identify primary tumors capable of dissemination is an unmet need in the quest to understand lethal biology and improve patient outcomes. Previous studies have linked chromosomal instability (CIN), which generates aneuploidy following chromosomal missegregation during mitosis, to PC progression. Evidence of CIN includes broad copy number alterations (CNAs) spanning >300 base pairs of DNA, which may also be measured via RNA expression signatures associated with CNA frequency. Signatures of CIN in metastatic PC, however, have not been interrogated or well defined. We examined a published 70-gene CIN signature (CIN70) in untreated and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and previously published reports. We also performed transcriptome and CNA analysis in a unique cohort of untreated primary tumors collected from diagnostic prostate needle biopsies (PNBX) of localized (M0) and metastatic (M1) cases to determine if CIN was linked to clinical stage and outcome. Methods: PNBX were collected from 99 patients treated in the VA Greater Los Angeles (GLA-VA) Healthcare System between 2000-2016. Total RNA was extracted from high-grade cancer areas in PNBX cores, followed by RNA sequencing and/or copy number analysis using OncoScan. Multivariate logistic regression analyses permitted calculation of odds ratios for CIN status (high versus low) in an expanded GLA-VA PNBX cohort (n = 121). Results: The CIN70 signature was significantly enriched in primary tumors and CRPC metastases from M1 PC cases. An intersection of gene signatures comprised of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) generated through comparison of M1 versus M0 PNBX and primary CRPC tumors versus metastases revealed a 157-gene "metastasis" signature that was further distilled to 7-genes (PC-CIN) regulating centrosomes, chromosomal segregation, and mitotic spindle assembly. High PC-CIN scores correlated with CRPC, PC-death and all-cause mortality in the expanded GLA-VA PNBX cohort. Interestingly, approximately 1/3 of M1 PNBX cases exhibited low CIN, illuminating differential pathways of lethal PC progression. Conclusions: Measuring CIN in PNBX by transcriptome profiling is feasible, and the PC-CIN signature may identify patients with a high risk of lethal progression at the time of diagnosis.
Pre-operative denosumab is associated with higher risk of local recurrence in giant cell tumor of bone: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Hairui , Zhu Shibai , Wang Yiou , Qian Wenwei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: In 2013, denosumab was introduced as peri-operative adjuvant treatment for giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone as it inhibits osteoclast activity. It is suggested that denosumab relives pain, facilitate curettage in lesions requiring resection initially. However, controversy remains whether denosumab increases the risk of local recurrence after surgery. Methods: Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched in June 2019 to identify studies investigating the clinical outcome of GCT of bone with and without peri-operative denosumab after surgery. Data were gathered and a meta-analysis was conducted. Result: Ten studies with 1082 cases (169 in denosumab group, 913 in control group) were included. Overall, denosumab was associated with significantly higher risk of recurrence(P<0.02) and inferior 5 year recurrence free survival(P=0.000). Denosumab and curettage has a relatively higher risk of recurrence comparing to curettage alone(P=0.07). The risk of recurrence is not significantly increased if denosumab was administered both preoperatively and postoperatively(P=0.24). Conclusion: Administration of denosumab is associated with increased risk of recurrence due to a variety of reasons, though it is proven effective in relieving pain, enabling curettage and improved functional outcome. Post-operative denosumab is recommended as it continuously suppress/eliminate residue tumor cells.