bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Inpatient Falls Using Natural Language Processing of Nursing Records Obtained From Japanese Electronic Medical Records: Case-Control Study
Authors: Nakatani Hayao , Nakao Masatoshi , Uchiyama Hidefumi , Toyoshiba Hiroyoshi , Ochiai Chikayuki 
Published: January 2020

Background
Falls in hospitals are the most common risk factor that affects the safety of inpatients and can result in severe harm. Therefore, preventing falls is one of the most important areas of risk management for health care organizations. However, existing methods for predicting falls are laborious and costly.

Objective
The objective of this study is to verify whether hospital inpatient falls can be predicted through the analysis of a single input—unstructured nursing records obtained from Japanese electronic medical records (EMRs)—using a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm and machine learning.

Methods
The nursing records of 335 fallers and 408 nonfallers for a 12-month period were extracted from the EMRs of an acute care hospital and randomly divided into a learning data set and test data set. The former data set was subjected to NLP and machine learning to extract morphemes that contributed to separating fallers from nonfallers to construct a model for predicting falls. Then, the latter data set was used to determine the predictive value of the model using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results
The prediction of falls using the test data set showed high accuracy, with an area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio of mean 0.834 (SD 0.005), mean 0.769 (SD 0.013), mean 0.785 (SD 0.020), and mean 12.27 (SD 1.11) for five independent experiments, respectively. The morphemes incorporated into the final model included many words closely related to known risk factors for falls, such as the use of psychotropic drugs, state of consciousness, and mobility, thereby demonstrating that an NLP algorithm combined with machine learning can effectively extract risk factors for falls from nursing records.

Conclusions
We successfully established that falls among hospital inpatients can be predicted by analyzing nursing records using an NLP algorithm and machine learning. Therefore, it may be possible to develop a fall risk monitoring system that analyzes nursing records daily and alerts health care professionals when the fall risk of an inpatient is increased.
THE PREVALENCE OF DRUG–DRUG INTERACTIONS OF PRESCRIPTIONS DISPENSED IN COMMUNITY PHARMACIES IN NAJAF CITY-IRAQ
Authors: SAMER NOORI HASHIM  , MOHAMMED JAWAD SALIH AL-HAIDAREY  
Published: January 2020

Objectives: The main objectives of this work were to estimate the frequency, type, and nature of possible drug–drug interactions in prescriptions dispensed from community pharmacies in Al-Najaf city, secondary objectives were the study of the association between specialty of physicians and the rate of recurrence of drug–drug interactions and to determine medication classes, which were involved in possible drug–drug interactions.
Methods: To investigate this study, 211 prescriptions dispensed in three community pharmacies in Al-Najaf city were collected and by the computerized screening program to identify drug–drug interactions.
Results: The results showed that the total number of interactions was recognized to be 41% of all prescriptions with the prevalence of major drug– drug interactions was 14%, minor was 16%, and moderate was 70%.
Conclusions: This study concluded that most identified drug–drug interactions were recognized in prescriptions written by an internal medicine specialist, orthopedics, general practitioners, an ear-nose-throat specialist, and general surgeon. The ratio of drug–drug interactions/number of prescriptions increased with increasing the number of drugs prescribed per patient (r=0.93, regression p<0.05). This study suggested that the role of the pharmacist should be moved from medication-oriented to patient-oriented, and the clinical pharmacists should have a vital function in recognizing and avoiding drug–drug interactions in prescriptions dispensed to patients.
ACTIVITY OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT PARKIA JAVANICA AGAINST NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE MULTI DRUG RESISTANT AND OTHER CLINICAL ISOLATES
Authors: JHINUK BASU MULLICK  , TAPAN MAJUMDAR  , KUDUMULA VENKATA RAMI REDDY  , SUMITA MUKHERJEE  , SAMIR KUMAR SIL  
Published: January 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to look into the in vitro activity of Parkia javanica against isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Methods: Methanolic extract of P. javanica bark (MEPJ) and organic fractionation were tested against one standard strain and 10 clinical isolates including one multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolate of N. gonorrhoeae through minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) tests.
Results: The MDR isolate, standard strain, as well as all the clinical isolates were inhibited by MEPJ as well as all the fractions except water fraction. Chloroform fraction showed the best activity with MIC and MBC values, both being 0.2 mg/ml. Ethyl acetate fraction also showed MIC value at 0.2 mg/ml; however, MBC value was at 0.3 mg/ml. MIC and MBC values of MEPJ were both 0.3 mg/ml.
Conclusion: Chloroform fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and MEPJ bark showed the lowest MIC values and can be considered as prospective candidates for the development of antigonococcal topical drugs.
COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTY OF BARK, FLOWERS AND LEAVES EXTRACTS OF SIMAROUBA GLAUCA
Authors: SAJEEDA N  , KOLGI RR  , SHIVAKUMARA SL  , SHIVARAJ Y  , KARIGAR CS  
Published: January 2020

Objective: The current study was to evaluate and compare the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of bark, flowers and leaves of the tree Simarouba glauca.
Methods: The solvent extraction of phytochemicals was carried out using Soxhlet apparatus with ethanol, chloroform, methanol, and water. The antioxidant property was determined by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging, reducing power assay, and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay using gallic acid and ascorbic acid as the standards.
Results: The extraction yield was found maximum in the water extract of flower (3.7% w/w). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytoconstituents showed that the highest amount of alkaloids and flavonoid content (2.1% w/w) and (3.9% w/w), respectively, was in the chloroform extract of the flower. Phenol and carbohydrate constituent was found to be highest in the methanol extract of leaves 2.5% w/w and 2.2% w/w, respectively. The antioxidant assays showed that the bark possessed maximum antioxidant activity. The water extracts of S. glauca bark exhibited scavenging property (90%) with an IC50 value 39.63 μg/ml, and the least activity (56%) was observed in the methanol extracts of leaves with an IC50 value of 62.96 μg/ml of S. glauca.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the water extract of the bark is a potent antioxidant compared to leaves and flowers. Further, in vivo studies are essential to enumerate its medicinal use and prove its efficacy in therapeutic applications.
ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES IN THE URBAN AREAS OF KHURDA, ODISHA, INDIA
Authors: JIBAN MISHRA  , GYANRANJAN MAHALIK  , SAGARIKA PARIDA  
Published: January 2020

Objective: The present work deals in collecting information about the medicinal plant species used for the treatment of diabetes by the traditional healers in the urban areas of Khurda districts of Odisha and identification as well as documentation of these species.
Methods: Extensive field survey was conducted in the study area; information about plants were collected from local herbal practitioners, village elders, patients, and traditional healers through normal conversations, interviews, and discussion.
Results: During survey, 40 medicinal plant species belonging to 36 genera and 25 families were identified and documented having antidiabetic activity. Most of the species were trees (47.5%) followed by shrubs (32.5%) and herbs (20%). It was observed that among all the parts, generally leaves were mostly used. During this survey work, Gymnema sylvestre paid the attention and found as the most common species used by traditional healers.
Conclusion: From the current findings, it was concluded that medicinal plants have the potential to replace the synthetic drugs which are restricted by their efficiency and side effects.
PHENOLIC ACID PROFILING IN THE LEAVES OF TABERNAEMONTANA HEYNEANA WALL. AN ENDEMIC PLANT OF THE WESTERN GHATS USING ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLED WITH QUADRUPOLE-TIME-OF-FLIGHT
Authors: MANASA DJ  , CHANDRASHEKAR KR  
Published: January 2020

Objectives: The study was conducted to identify the phenolic compounds and other possible bioactive compounds present in the leaf extracts of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall.
Methods: Phenolic acid profiling was carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF). An internal standard syringic acid was used for quantitation of phenolic acids and naringenin for quantitation of flavonoids.
Results: The leaf extracts analysis revealed the presence of 17 compounds consisting of 14 phenolic compounds and three terpenes. Among 17 compounds, eight were the major compounds, namely, coniferyaldehyde, resveratrol, sinapic alcohol, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and protocatechuic aldehyde. This forms the first report on the identification of these pharmaceutically important compounds in T. heyneana.
Conclusion: These findings offer clear evidence and scientific support for further research on the leaf extract of T. heyneana plant for its therapeutic purpose.
The THE ROLE OF ASTAXANTHIN COMPARED WITH METFORMIN IN PREVENTING GLYCATED HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN FROM POSSIBLE UNFOLDING: A MOLECULAR DYNAMIC STUDY
Authors: SYAHPUTRA WIBOWO  , SRI WIDYARTI  , AKHMAD SABARUDIN  , DJOKO WAHONO SOEATMADJI  , SUTIMAN BAMBANG SUMITRO  
Published: January 2020

Objectives: Albumin in diabetes mellitus undergoes conformational changes that affect the ability as an endogenous scavenger. Treatment with astaxanthin (ASX) expected to improve the function of albumin in case of diabetes mellitus. The objectives of this study are to compare the capability of ASX and metformin to prevent conformational changes on glycated albumin.
Methods: Data mining is performed to obtain human serum albumin (HSA) (4K2C), glucose (79025), ASX (5281224), and metformin (4091). Data preparation used PyRx and Discovery Studio 2016 Client. PyRx is utilized for docking and analysis of receptor-ligand interactions with LigPlus and Discovery Studio 2016 Client. YASARA is used for molecular dynamics simulations with a running time of 15.000 ps.
Results: A description of the glycated-HSA (gHSA) conformational changes that are bound to metformin has been successfully carried out. Changes that occur were unfolding and release of bonds in gHSA. Unfolding on gHSA includes the release of bonds between sites A and B. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) backbone value of metformin-gHSA shows a significant difference with gHSA at 8650 ps where gHSA showed 6.47 nm while the metformin-gHSA was 8.06 nm and continues to increase up to 15.72 nm at the end of the simulation. RMSD and root mean square fluctuation residues of gHSA which were interacted with ASX showed conditions close to normal HSA. In 11725 ps ASX-gHSA remained stable at 5.78 nm, whereas gHSA increased to 8.13 nm. gHSA at the end of the simulation showed a number of 9.052 nm while the normal HSA was 7.561 nm.
Conclusion: This result indicated that ASX prevents gHSA from possible unfolding.
Grain Problem in the 20th Century Siberia
Authors: Il'inyh Vladimir 
Published: January 2020

The author offers a retrospective analysis of the stages and methods of solving the grain problem in the 20th century Siberia. The study focuses on the country's farming development. The grain problem in the region had its own features, yet was part of the national problem as well. Siberia was one of the leading granaries of the nation. The country leaders have continuo­usly tried to use the potential of the region to step up grain production.
It is established that in early 20th century, there was no grain problem in Siberia. In the Soviet period, it turned into a permanent one. The periods of its exacerbation were the early 1920s, the late 1920 and early 1930s, early 1950s, early 1960s, early 1980s, and early 1990s. The problem used to be solved through radical farming reforms, economic incentives for farmers, new far­ming innovations, and the shift to non-economic or market-based mechanism of grain turnover. Despite some measures driving manufacture, the grain problem in the region and the country as a whole was not solved in the 20th century.
UNIVERSIDADE AGOSTINHO NETO: UMA ANÁLISE DOS CONTEXTOS E PROCESSOS DE PRODUÇÃO DE TRABALHOS CIENTÍFICOS
Authors: Faria Paulo Conceição João 
Published: January 2020

O contexto e o processo revelam os obstáculos que têm condicionado o desenvolvimento da Universidade Agostinho Neto (UAN), como espaço autónomo de investigação e produção do conhecimento ao nível dos cursos de doutoramento nas Unidades Orgânicas (UOs), designamente, as Faculdades de Ciências Sociais, de Direito e Economia. Estes obstáculos são tão generalizados ao ponto estarem associados à natureza do regime político que vigorou em Angola, logo a seguir a Independência de Portugal em 1975. É de notar que as transições políticas têm, na verdade, assumido ritmos e características distintas, por exemplo, a passagem do monopartidarismo à democracia pluralista semi-liberal, do centralismo burocrático administrativo e económico à um modelo de economia de mercado no início da dêcada 1990s. Porém, o reacender do conflito violento ofuscou o fervor pela mudança estrutural com impactos reais no exercício das liberdades cívicas e académicas, e bem como na promoção do estado de direito regido pelo primado da lei. Ao contrário, a autoridade originada das reformas constitucionais que se seguiram ao fim da guerra civil tornou-se absoluta no exercício do poder e estruturalmente personalizante quanto ao modo da administração da res publica. Este artigo argumenta que a UAN – apesar dos esforços de reforma da actual administração – ainda é uma caixa de ressonância dos paradoxos do regime que propecia a fraca investigação científica, a megacefalia pedagógica. Dando-se mais relevo a um tipo de ensino que resulta em baixos índices produção como os constatados nos doutorandos nas UOs analizadas.
Optimizing Design and Analysis on The Helically Coiled Tube Heat Exchanger By Providing Fins
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Mohan Ravindra 
Published: January 2020

Heat exchangers are an essential part in an assortment of mechanical settings, for example, cooling frameworks, force plants, refineries, and in this way ceaseless endeavor are made to expand their heat transfer efficiencies. Optimize design of helical coil heat exchanger by using fins and the Compare pressure & temperature by conventional design. The final outcome of the study increase the total heat transfer rate inside the domain. And increase the pressure drop inside the domain. The water outlet temperature decrease up to 315k and cold outlet temperature increase up to 320 k. and total pressure drop increase with the temperature increases. Finally the CFD data were compared with previous data the total pressure drop increase up to 0.65 bar for case-2.the overall efficiency of the system incites up to 5% to 6%.
Hypothermia effects on liver and kidney oxidative stress parameters in an experimental model of sepsis in rats
Authors: Sidonia Bogdan , Horatiu Rafa , Vlad Luca , Francisc Dulf , Ciprian Ober , Cosmin Pestean , Liviu Oana , Sanda Andrei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Oxidative stress (OS) seems to be an important mediator of cellular injury, from which sepsis can proceed. Studies have demonstrated the protective effect of controlled hypothermia in sepsis. This study aimed to evaluate its effects on OS parameters in rat hepatic and renal tissue septic after caecal ligation and puncture (CLP).

Material and Methods
Three groups were appointed (10 rats/group): C (control), SN (sepsis normothermic), and SH (sepsis hypothermic). Ten hours from CLP, the liver and kidneys were harvested and total protein concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, lipid peroxidation level (malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonylated proteins (2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), and fatty acid profile were analysed.

Results
Sepsis significantly increased SOD and GPx activities in the liver, regardless of the temperature. In renal tissue, GPx activity increased significantly in normothermic conditions and SOD tended to decrease in hypothermic conditions. MDA and DNPH concentrations increase in both tissues after CLP. Hypothermia significantly lowered MDA in the liver but only changed it insignificantly in the kidneys. The DNPH in the liver and kidneys was significantly lower in hypothermic conditions. The unsaturated-to-saturated fatty acids ratio was significantly lower in sepsis, and the fall in temperature raised this ratio.

Conclusion
Experimentally induced sepsis in rats enhances OS in the liver and kidneys. The effect of hypothermia on OS indices is dependent on the type of tissue.
EXPLORING STUDENTS’ DEFINITIONS OF SUCCESS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Ullrich Max , Strong David S. 
Published: January 2020

The term “success” has many different meanings for students and stakeholders in the academic environment [1]. The most common measure of student success employed by researchers and institutions is performance-based measures such as grades and graduation rates. The remainder of the definitions are inconsistent among the various stakeholders in the academic environment. Understanding the importance of the criteria used by students to define their success in Canadian undergraduate engineering programs, as well as the degree to which students are motivated to engage in each criterion with a mastery-based approach, could be useful for reconciling the differences between the student group and the other stakeholders in the academic environment and assist in designing teaching strategies that align with these criteria and thus promote a masterybased view of success.
This paper summarizes three achievement motivation frameworks and contributes a synthesis of the literature regarding student and other stakeholder definitions of student success to identify opportunities and methodologies in preparation for a research study on this topic as it applies to success in the context of Canadian undergraduate engineering students.
EXAM-WRAPPERS AS A TOOL TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ METACOGNITIVE SKILLS IN MACHINE ELEMENT DESIGN CLASS
Authors: El Bojairami Ibrahim , Driscoll Mark 
Published: January 2020

Acquiring metacognitive skills, i.e. selfassessment of study behaviors through exam-wrappers, would potentially have concrete positive effects on students learning. The purpose of this study was to assess the link between students’ performance and study behaviors, to analyze their metacognitive skills. Exam-wrappers consisted of 4 fundamental questions and were utilized in an undergraduate engineering class, Machine Element Design, at McGill University. Data were later collected and analyzed using statistical analyses. Results showed an overall increasing trend between the quality of reflection and students grades’ improvement, with the highest being a 47.5 increase in grade for a student who scored a 10/10 reflection. Analyzed cases led to the conclusion that students were able to use their metacognitive skills to self-assess, and accordingly adjust their study behaviors and goals, to thrive at a better performance.
ANALISIS PENGANGKATAN CPU DI WM GAME CENTER DENGAN METODE RECOMMENDED WEIGHT LIMIT (RWL) DAN CHAFFIN ANDERSON
Authors: Noviandy Muhammad 
Published: January 2020

Setiap pekerjaan memiliki beberapa resiko yang berkaitan dengan pengangkatan beban. Pekerjaan tersebut digolongkan ke dalam ilmu biomekanika. Biomekanika merupakan ilmu yang membahas aspek-aspek biomekanika dari gerakan–gerakan tubuh manusia. Pada penelitian kali ini, operator melakukan pengangkatan CPU seberat 6,7 kg. Diperlukan 2 metode untuk mengetahui apakah aktivitas tersebut berbahaya dan menimbulkan cidera pada bagian tubuh, yaitu Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) dan Chaffin Anderson. RWL merupakan rekomendasi batas beban yang dapat diangkat manusia tanpa menimbulkan cidera meskipun dilakukan secara repetitif dan dalam jangka waktu lama. Dari metode tersebut diperoleh hasil perhitungan RWL sebesar 46,37 dan Lifting Index sebesar 0,1. Hal ini berarti aktivitas pengangkatan CPU tidak berbahaya karena Lifting Index kurang dari 1. Sedangkan pada metode Chaffin Anderson yaitu menggambarkan tentang biomekanika statis pada tubuh ketika bekerja. Dari metode tersebut diperoleh F comp pada segmen L5/S1 sebesar 3826,85 N. Hal ini berarti aktivitas pengangkatan CPU tidak berbahaya karena F comp kurang dari 6500 N.
Review Of Islamic Law To The Use Of Article 28 Subsection 2 About Speech Hatred And Defamation (UU Number 19 AT 2016 Amendments to UU Number 11 at 2018)
Authors: Rasyid Arbanur 
Published: January 2020

Hate Speech has recently become a warm conversation, not only in the media, but has begun to be discussed in scientific forums as a result of the many characters who are ensnared by hate speech due to making uploads in Social Media that is considered insulting to other people or state institutions by making a statement containing elements of hate speech in accordance with the criminal threat in Article 28 paragraph 2 of Law number 19 of 2016 amendment to law number 11 of 2008. Long before the law talks about hate speech, Islam through the Qur'an speaks a lot about how God denounces the actions of people who insult, berate, speak ill of others and make hoaxes, and Allah threatens sin for those who do it . Even in the history of Islam through the Prophet Muhammad had given a caning to people who make hoaxes, and the sentence in the Islamic criminal law is called Ta'zir, thus Islam is very careful and highly respects the human rights of a person including in protecting the soul and someone's honor