bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFICACY OF PHENYLEPHRINE OVER EPHEDRINE IN CONTROLLING FALL OF BLOOD PRESSURE: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING LOWER SEGMENT CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Agrawal Keshav Saran , Mahanta Aruna 
Published: October 2020

Background: most of the lower segment caesarean sections are done under spinal anesthesia and in more that 80% of the cases, maternal fall in blood pressure can be observed intraoperatively. Throughout history many vasopressor drugs have been evaluated for the treatment. Aim: our research was conducted to compare the effect of phenylephrine with ephedrine given for the prophylaxis of prevention of intraoperative fall in blood pressure in females who are undergoing LSCS. Materials and Methods: a total of 100 cases were considered for our study and were randomly distributed in two groups. Group A cases were administered Phenylephrine while ephedrine was given to group B cases just after spinal anesthesia. Results: most of our study subjects were in the age group of 21-25 years who were in the range of 51-55 kgs. Spinal anesthesia was given by using bupivacaine & block level was checked at 2 & 5 mins. Phenylephrine was found to be superior in control of fall in blood pressure as more than 90% of the cases were brought back to their preoperative levels in less than 4 mins after spinal anesthesia. Whereas in group B, ephedrine took much more time of around 10 mins for control of BP. Conclusion: with proper monitoring of heart rate, phenylephrine is superior to ephedrine in controlling the fall in blood pressure.
Keywords: Ephedrine, Phenylephrine, Hypotension, Bradycardia.
EFFECT OF NICOTINE SMOKE ON LIVER AND KIDNEYS OF ADULT MALE ALBINO RATS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Syed Midhat , Shangloo Prenika 
Published: October 2020

Apart from heart and lungs, being cited as the main affected organs by nicotine smoke and hence, contributing for the morbidity and mortality, other organs like kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, liver, reproductive organs, endocrine glands, skin etc. are also affected. In the current study we planned to evaluate the effects of nicotine smoke on liver and kidneys. The study was conducted on 12 inbred adult Wistar albino rats; 6 animals acting as control and remaining 6 acting as test group. The animals of control group were given only sterile water where as animals of test group were exposed to smoke produced from the nicotine wrapped in a cotton wool in the dose of 6mg/day three times a day for each session of 5 minutes each for 5 days. Each rat was exposed to the smoke produced due to nicotine separately in a closed inhalational chamber and not in groups. The rats were sacrificed after the period of experimentation and testis were dissected out and subjected further to tissue processing for histological examination. The histological examination of tissue sections of liver of test group animals revealed distorted or normal lobular architecture of hepatic lobules with dilated and congested central vein, portal venule and hepatic sinusoids. Also, there was presence of focal inflammatory aggregates especially around bile canaliculi at portal triads. On the other hand, the tissue sections of liver of control group showed normal hepatic architecture with normal hepatocytes. The renal specimens of the control group also demonstrated normal renal architectural pattern; with glomeruli surrounded by urinary space and renal tubules present in cortex and medulla composed of collecting tubules, loop of henle and convoluted tubules. On the contrary, the renal sections of test group showed dilation of urinary space, shrunken and distorted glomeruli with some renal tubules showing solid cord like pattern and some showing eosinophilic material in lumen, focal inflammatory infiltrates and renal congestion.
Keywords: Nicotine smoke, liver, kidney
A REVIEW ON CONTROLLED RELEASE MATRIX TABLET
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Sharma Vijay , Rathore D.S. 
Published: October 2020

Oral route is the most convenient route of drug administration. So far so many oral dosage forms have been developed to improve the patient compliance. The drugs with less half life are eliminated from the body with in short period of time. Different types of extended release matrix tablet have been explained briefly along with the various formulation which mainly by wet granulation or direct compression method or by dispersion of solid particle within a porous matrix formed by using different polymers. This review highlights the types of matrices, mechanisms involved and evaluation studies.
Keywords: Controlled release, matrix tablet, Polymer, Diffusion
EVALUATION OF HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY VERSUS LAPAROSCOPY IN THE DETERMINATION OF TUBAL FACTORS IN FEMALE INFERTILITY: A HOSPITAL BASED COMPARATIVE STUDY.
Authors: Choudhary Richa , Sinha Rishikant 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy both are the diagnostic methods for assessment of female infertility. The present study was to compare the evaluation of hysterosalpingography (HSG) versus laparoscopy in determination of tubal factors in female infertility.
Methods: Detailed assessment, physical examination and clinical investigations were performed in all 100 infertile female with age 20 years to 40 years. All patients were advised to perform digital HSG. Patients with an abnormal HSG underwent laparoscopy without delay, whereas in patients with a normal HSG, laparoscopy was performed three months after HSG. HSG is best scheduled during the 2nd -5th day interval immediately following the end of menstruation, to minimize risk for infection, avoid interference from intrauterine blood and clot, and to prevent any possibility that the procedure might be performed after conception.
Results: Data was analysed by using IBM SPSS version 23 software. All data was tabulated and percentages were calculated. Mean ± standard deviation was observed.
Conclusions: Diagnostic laparoscopy is the gold standard in diagnosing tubal pathology and other intra-abdominal causes of infertility. Other hand, Hysterosalpingography is a frequently utilized diagnostic tool in the assessment of tubal status and detection of uterine anatomical defects in infertility. Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy are not alternatives but complimentary investigations. But, inadequacy of hysterosalpingography (HSG) in determining the state of tubal patency, emphasizes the need for laparoscopy. Laparoscopy provides both a panoramic view of the pelvic reproductive anatomy and a magnified view of pelvic organs and peritoneal surfaces.
Keywords: Female infertility, Tubal patency, HSG, Laparoscopy
PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN PARTISIPATORI LEARNING PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Subekhan Moch. 
Published: October 2020

Learning is an important part in the transformation of knowledge in both formal and non-formal education. As time goes by and the learning process still faces various problems in the field. Among those problems is related to the use of learning strategies by a teacher. The use of learning strategies should be able to increase learning motivation, but there are many uses of learning strategies that can not increase student motivation. From here the researchers tried to implement participatory learning strategies to increase student learning motivation in Islamic Religious Education subjects.
The formulation of the problem in this study is how the effectiveness of the implementation of Participatory Learning Learning Strategies in Improving Student Learning Motivation in Islamic Religious Education Subjects in Pontang 1 Junior High School. While the purpose of this study is to describe the Effectiveness of Implementing Participatory Learning Strategies in Improving Student Learning Motivation in Islamic Religious Education Subjects. This research was conducted at Pontang 1 Junior High School.
The research approach used in this study uses a qualitative approach while the research method used is a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis using the Miles and Huberman model, which is an interactive analysis model. The steps of analysis include data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The informants in this study are the principal, teachers of Islamic education subjects and students. In the process of carrying out this research there were 6 stages that were passed. The stages are as follows: 1) The stage of fostering familiarity, 2) The stage of identifying needs, resources, and possible barriers to learning, 3) The stage of formulating learning objectives, 4) The stage of preparing learning activities programs, 5) The stage of implementing learning activities and 6) Stage of assessment of the process and results of learning activities. The results of this study indicate that the application of this learning strategy is less effective for learning Islamic Religious Education subjects. students do not have a high motivation to learn so, in learning many students do not pay attention to the material. So that the application of this learning strategy is less effective students are less interested and less motivated to learn Islamic Religious Education because the material has already been obtained.
Pengaruh Manajemen Konflik dan Job Insecurity terhadap Intensi Turnover di PT. Midi Utama Indonesia, Tbk Branch Medan
Authors: Letty Trisilia  
Published: October 2020

PT. Midi Utama Indonesia, Tbk adalah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang retail dengan turnover yang selalu ada setiap bulannya. Dari wawancara keluar kerja (exit interview) yang dilakukan, diinformasikan bahwa penyebab keluarnya karyawan salah-satunya dikarenakan tidak teratasinya konflik melalui manajemen konflik dan adanya ketidakamanan kerja (job insecurity) yang dirasakan karyawan terkait pekerjaannya di perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh manajemen konflik terhadap intensi turnover, bagaimana pengaruh job insecurity terhadap intensi turnover, dan bagaimana pengaruh manajemen konflik dan job insecurity secara bersama-sama terhadap intensi turnover karyawan di PT. Midi Utama Indonesia, Tbk, Branch Medan.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode regresi sederhana dan regresi berganda. Jumlah subjek yang digunakan adalah 219 karyawan kontrak yang bekerja di gerai toko di PT. Midi Utama Indonesia Branch Medan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh negatif antara manajemen konflik terhadap intensi turnover dengan sumbangan efektif sebesar 4.3%, terdapat pengaruh positif antara job insecurity terhadap intensi turnover dengan sumbangan efektif 16.5%, dan terdapat pengaruh manajemen konflik dan job insecurity secara bersama-sama terhadap intensi turnover dengan sumbangan efektif sebesar 19.4%.
PLANKTON ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY IN DADIN KOWA DAM IN GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Wilson Tusayi Bwaraune , Iliyasu Jauro , Mohammed Musa , Mbaya Paul 
Published: October 2020

Plankton biodiversity serves as ecological indicator of aquatic environment due to their response to environmental changes. Study was carried out for of 6 months (May – October) in Dadin Kowa dam, Gombe state Nigeria. Samples collected using plankton net into a bottles preserve in 5% formalin then transported to the laboratory for identification, counting and for further analysis. SPSS (v.11.0.1) was used for data analysis. Phytoplanktons group recorded Chlorophyta highest (1,960) and lowest (860) in May and July. Bacillariophyta maximum (990) and minimum (450) number in June and September, Cyanophyta maximum (450) in July and Minimum (20) in September. Euglenophyta was only recorded in September (30), Cryptophyta observed only in June (20) and September (20), Dinophyta highest in May and September (40) minimum (10) in August. Xantophyta minimum (10) in August and maximum (30) in October. The Zooplanktons include Brightwellii highest (428) in June lowest (121) in October, Monia highest (97) and lowest (30) in June and September, Diaptomuus highest (112) in May and the lowest (30) in September. Philodina highest (550) in June while lowest (195) in September, Daphnia highest (43) and lowest (26) in May and September. Cyclops highest (70) in July while lowest (35) in September and October, Bdelloid highest (402) in May and lowest (116) in October. Camtocerus highest (76) in May and lowest (35) in September and October, Bidentata highest (331) in May and lowest (49) in October. Torrential rains,
ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN DRINKING WATER CONSUMED WITHIN KATSINA METROPOLIS
Authors: YUSUF ABDULRASHID , Nuraddeen Abdurrahman 
Published: October 2020

The study involved the analysis of some selected heavy metals in drinking water consumed within Katsina Metropolis. The water samples were collected from Ajiwa dam raw water, taps, wells, boreholes, and sachet waters and the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, and Ni), was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results obtained from the water analysis indicate that cadmium was not found in all the water samples. The concentrations range for lead were (6.222-109.63)µg/L with maximum concentration value of 109.63 µg/L in Ajiwa dam raw water, above the World Health Organization (WHO) limit, nickel (0.72-6.99)µg/L with maximum concentration value of 6.99 µg/L in borehole water, within WHO limit, chromium (36-72)µg/L with maximum concentration value of 72 µg/L in well water, above WHO limit, cobalt (4.758-9.516) µg/L with maximum concentration value of 9.516 µg/L in well water, within WHO limit. The results indicate that most of the concentrations of the heavy metals determined were within the WHO limit, except for chromium in well water which may arises from the Government activities of money recycling and incineration of old bank notes which does not affect other water sources in the area and lead in Ajiwa dam raw water which was further removed through water treatment processes. Moreover, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicate no significant difference in the means of the heavy metals concentrations in all the water samples analyzed, and this may be due to the same physicochemical factors and limited industrial activities in the study area
SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HPV INFECTIONS AMONG PATIENTS IN KOGI EAST SENATORIAL ZONE
Authors: AWULU OLOBO F. , Aminu Mariam , SULEIMAN A. B. , MAKOLO DANIEL 
Published: October 2020

Analysis of prevalence and risk factors for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the basis for prophylactic strategies against HPV infections. This study was to determine the seroprevalence of human papillomavirus, sociodemographic and risk factors associated with acquiring the virus among the study population. A total of 195 samples were collected by simple random sampling technique from three major hospitals in the zone. Serum from blood samples was used for ELISA and analyzed for IgM. Overall prevalence of 3.08% (6/195) was established for HPV infection. Patients with early sexual activity and those with multiple sexual partners were likely to be infected than their counterparts with 15.8%: 3/19 (χ 2 =16.4, df=3, p=0.001) and 50%: 2/4 (χ 2 =30.2, df=1, p=0.005) respectively. The infection was more among those who got married at age range of 26-30 years with prevalence of 5.4%: 2/37 (χ 2 =1.30, df = 5, p=0.82). On the basis of sex, female were found to have higher prevalence of 3.6%: 6/167(χ 2 =1.04, df = 1, p=0.6). Subjects with sexually transmitted disease (STD) had a higher prevalence of 8%: 2/25(χ 2 =2.45, df=2, p=0.32). The study shows that infection with HPV was strongly associated with age of sexual debut and number of sexual partners. It also reveals the occurrence of HPV infection in Kogi East, Nigeria. Hence, there is need for routine screening, public education and vaccination to prevent the spread of the virus which is a threat to public health.
APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE FOR THE PREDICTION OF NEONATAL MORTALITY USING MULTIPLE RISK FACTORS
Authors: Odion P. O. , Musa M. N. , Suleiman Tasiu , Isa M. M. 
Published: October 2020

It is a common knowledge that one of the major cause of neonatal mortality is high-risk birth, which can be identified through risk factors. Though, there are many risk factors associated with neonatal mortality (i.eshort birth interval, pre-natal care etc), most interventions of government and other agencies target birth based on a single risk factor (i.e. poverty) even though most neonatal deaths are not from the targeted risk factor,thus, failing to curb the prevalence of early-life mortality. Hence, data from Nigerian Demographic and health Survey was gotten for this study and nine risk factors were used to predict neonatal mortality risk by applying Support Vector Machine algorithm to build a predictive model. KMeansSMOTE was used to solve the problem of class imbalance in the dataset, while model hyper-parameter tuning was appliedto the SVM model to get a better prediction. Neonatal mortality risk was estimated as a function of nine risk factors. Risk factors chosen for the study were compared with four (4) risk factors from a previous study. The result gave a sensitivity of 78%, specificity of 44% and area under curve of 60% compared to using only four risk factors which has a sensitivity of 63%, specificity of 37% and area under curve of 50%. The result shows that having more risk factorsgives a considerable improvement by predicting more neonatal deaths.This will aid researchers and governments to identify more risk factorscausing neonatal deaths especially in Africa
OLIGODYNAMIC EFFECT OF PRECIOUS METALS ON SKIN BACTERIA
Authors: Obafunmi Tonidunni , Ocheme Juliana , Gajere Bawa 
Published: October 2020

The oligodynamic hold of gold and silver is extant and extremely relevant as a proactive measure against infections. The antimicrobial effect of gold and silver jewelries was determined on skin bacteria by introducing them into culture plates already inoculated with bacterial isolates; Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the wrist, neck and ear regions of the skin. Samples were collected by swab sampling and isolates were identified by their cultural morphology and biochemical characterization. Results showed that both precious metals were able to inhibit all three bacteria with silver jewelries giving wider zones of inhibition measuring between 3 mm to 7 mm while gold jewelries gave zones of inhibition between 1 mm to 4 mm. The culture plates containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa recorded the highest zone of inhibition while the least was observed in the culture plates that contained Staphylococcus epidermidis. No zone of inhibition was observed with ordinary golden-coloured and silver-coloured jewelries which served as negative control. This study showed that gold and silver are oligodynamic with silver having a higher oligodynamic efficacy on the skin bacteria tested

Key Words:
Precious metals, Oligodynamic efficacy, Skin bacteria
EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF PLASMID CURING ON ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE ON SOME CLINICAL ISOLATES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: SULAIMAN Mamunu Abdulkadir , Muhammad H.S , Muhammad Sani Aliyu , Ibrahim Aminu , Hussain Ibrahim Muhammad , Anchau Zainab Garba 
Published: October 2020

Multidrug resistance (MDR) exhibited by some strains of Escherichia coli may be due to acquiring mobile genetic element (R-plasmid) by the bacteria, or intrinsically induced by inappropriate use of antibiotics by the hosts. Infection by such strains may result to prolonged illness and greater risk of death. The study evaluated the impact of curing on antibiotic resistance on selected clinical isolates of E. coli. Twenty clinical isolates of E. coli from our previous studies were re-characterized using conventional microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was determined by disk diffusion method, MDR selected based on resistance to ≥ 2 classes of antibiotics. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was determined as ratio of the number of antibiotic resisted to the total number of antibiotics tested and considered significant if ≥. 0.2. The isolates that showed significant MAR index were subjected to plasmid curing using acridine orange, thereafter, profiled for plasmid and the cured ones were re-tested against the antibiotics they initially resisted. Out of the 20 isolates, 19 (95%) were confirmed as E. coli, all (100%) of which were MDRs, which was highest against augmentin (78.9%) followed by amoxacillin (52.6%). However, after the plasmid curing only 6 (31.6%) out of the 19 isolates cured retained significant MAR index and the level of the significance had reduced drastically in 16 (84.2%) isolates. Conclusively, curing assay can completely eliminate R-plasmid acquired resistance. More studied on plasmid curing agents for possible augmentation of the agents into antibiotics may see the rise of successful antibiotic era again.
MULTI-RESPONSE OPTIMIZATION OF TRANSESTERIFICATION PARAMETERS OF COTTON SEED OIL USING GREY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS IN TAGUCHI METHOD FOR QUENCHING APPLICATION
Authors: Dodo R. M. , Ause T. , Dauda E. T. , Shehu U. , Hayatudeen I. A. 
Published: October 2020

The present investigation involves Taguchi Grey relational analysis-based optimization of transesterification process parameters such as methanol to oil molar ration, catalyst loading and temperature and their effect on both per cent fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) of transesterified cotton seed oil (TC). A Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was designed and nine experimental runs were conducted based on the designed experiments. The FAME (ester) yield and HTC were recorded for each experiment. Based on the average responses computed from Taguchi grey relational analysis, methanol to oil molar ration of 9:1 (32.6 wt% of methanol), catalyst loading of 0.5 wt% and temperature of 60 oC were identified to be the optimal parameters. Confirmation test conducted using the optimal parameters setting demonstrated an improvement of 0.3% in grey relational grade. Methyl ester group was detected in TC on 1438.8 cm-1 by FTIR spectra. Cooling curve analysis of the TC from the confirmation experiment indicated outstanding quenching performance compared to raw cotton seed oil (FC) and SAE40.
BIO STIMULATORY INFLUENCE OF COMPOST AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER ON BACTERIAL DEGRADATION OF SPENT ENGINE OIL CONTAMINATED SOIL
Authors: Adeleye A. , Onokebhagbe Victor O. , Akindiya A. , Nkereuwem M. E. 
Published: October 2020

The harmful effects of spent engine oil on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems have been well established in literature. This study was conducted to assess the bio stimulatory influence of amendments; compost and inorganic fertilizer on bacterial degradation of spent engine oil contaminated soil. 500 g of unpolluted soil was collected and artificially contaminated with 5, 10 and 15% (v/w) spent engine oil. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design. Each amendment (50 g) was subsequently mixed thoroughly with the spent engine oil contaminated soil at varying levels except nine experimental bottles used as control. Incubation study was carried out and lasted for four weeks. Estimation of total petroleum hydrocarbon, pH, electrical conductivity, temperature and bacterial population density was done within two weeks interval during the incubation study. Results obtained indicate that compost significantly enhanced total petroleum hydrocarbon reduction by 87% while inorganic fertilizer facilitated 62% total petroleum hydrocarbon reduction on 5% spent engine oil contamination level respectively. Estimation of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria on 5, 10 and 15% spent engine oil contaminated soil indicated that compost enhanced higher hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria thereby influencing bacterial degradation than those stimulated with inorganic fertilizer. pH remained in the range of alkalinity (7.8 and 8.06) for compost and 6.2 and 6.7 for inorganic fertilizer. The potential that compost recorded in influencing bacterial degradation of spent engine oil contaminated soil in this study has made it a good bio stimulant for the bioremediation of hydrocarbon polluted environments.