bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of public healthcare facilities in the Philippines: issues and concerns
Authors: Dela Cruz Ramiro Z , Ortega-Dela Cruz Ruth A 
Published: October 2019

Background/Aims Public hospitals are the primary means of healthcare delivery in developing countries. Given the pressing need for efficient health services, it is imperative to know the extent to which a country's public healthcare institutions meet an ever increasing public demand. This study aimed to assess the state of hospital facilities among public health care institutions in a developing country. Methods Descriptive research methods were used, including needs analysis along with management and client satisfaction surveys, in order to analyse information on issues that related to the management of hospital facilities in the Philippines. Various members of the hospital community were selected to assess different aspects of hospital management. Results The results of this study show that most concerns stemmed from the lack of financial resources, materials, equipment and technological innovations; insufficient knowledge, skills and human resources; and problems that related to processes and methodologies. Conclusions Public hospitals are in dire need of facility upkeep to maintain their operations. This has become a more pressing concern because of the very limited resources at the disposal of public hospitals. This study also highlighted the crucial role played by the national government in finding effective and efficient ways to address these issues and concerns to ensure successful delivery of healthcare services in the country.
Socioeconomic and clinical risk factors of hip fracture among the elderly: a case-control study
Authors: Zacharopoulou Georgia , Zacharopoulou Vasiliki , Voudouri Eleni , Leondiou Lili , Dermatis Zacharias 
Published: October 2019

Background/Aims The aim of the study was to investigate the socioeconomic and clinical risk factors for hip fracture among a community-dwelling elderly population in Greece. It also aimed to identify characteristics associated with reducing mobility. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 202 patients who had a hip fracture and on 202 other members of the elderly population who did not have a hip fracture as the control group. Results In the multivariate analysis, the variables related to an increased risk of hip fracture were: gender (odds ration [OR]=10.88; 95%confidence Interval [CI]=2.28–51.98), income (OR=32.50; 95%CI=2.96–356.43), income adequacy (OR=129,34; 95%CI=7,09–2360,88), inability to pay expenses/medication (OR=0.02; 95%CI=0.003–0.09), depression (OR=0.03; 95%CI=0.002–0.35), multimorbidity (OR=0.01; 95%CI=0.001–0.97), number of medication (OR=0.02; 95%CI=0.001–0.28) and history of falls (OR=0.08; 95%CI=0.01–0.40). Factors related to deterioration of mobility were: age (OR=28.43; 95%CI:5.45–148.32), dementia (OR=15.60; 95%CI:1.80–135.27), walking ability (OR=0.20; 95%CI:0.07–0.56), balance (OR=9.10; 95%CI:1.89–43.75), use of walking aid (OR=7.42; 95%CI:2.70–20.39), and length of hospitalisation (OR=3.01; 95%CI:1.27–7.14). Conclusions Socioeconomic and clinical factors that lead to an increased risk of hip fracture were identified, as well as factors affecting post-operative functional ability that could guide prevention programmes.
Programas federais de alfabetização de jovens e adultos
Authors: Teixeira Claudia de Souza , Guimarães Elaine de Araújo 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo objetiva apresentar algumas reflexões sobre programas federais de alfabetização de jovens e adultos, desenvolvidos nos últimos cinquenta anos no Brasil, a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Para tanto, apresenta um breve histórico desses programas e evidencia seus principais objetivos, estratégias e problemas. Considerou-se, na análise, que as propostas metodológicas educacionais voltadas para esse público poderiam ser mais exitosas se ideias de Paulo Freire fossem levadas em conta. O estudo baseou-se em trabalhos sobre a alfabetização de jovens e adultos e sobre os programas de alfabetização analisados, além de documentos e notícias de órgãos governamentais. Concluiu-se que os programas federais em questão não atingiram seus objetivos, em especial, porque houve descontinuidade nas políticas públicas educacionais e falta de efetivo compromisso de muitos gestores públicos com a alfabetização de jovens e adultos. Também foi observada a adoção de estratégias pedagógicas inadequadas, mesmo quando se previa a interação com ideias de Freire.
Low-Cost Transmitarray Antenna Designs in V-Band based on Unit-Cells with 1 Bit Phase Resolution
Authors: Frank Martin , Scheiner Benedict , Lurz Fabian , Weigel Robert , Koelpin Alexander 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the design and characterization of linearly polarized low-cost transmitarray antennas with ± 70° azimuth beamforming range in V-band in order to add beam steering functionality to existing radar front ends. The transmitarray antennas are composed of 13 × 13 planar unit-cells. The unit-cells consist of two layers of RO4350B laminate and provide a one bit phase resolution. The desired unit-cell behavior has been validated by simulations and measurements. Eight transmitarrays with different phase distributions have been designed and fabricated to realize different beam steering angles in azimuth. The experimental characterization of the radiation patterns shows the desired performance in the frequency range from 59 GHz to 63 GHz. Additionally, steering angle combinations in azimuth and elevation up to 40° have been realized and successfully demonstrate by measuring the 2D radiation pattern.
Crystal structure of di(naphthalen-2-yl)sulfane, C20H14S
Authors: Ma Wen , Li Pu-Bo , Liang Sen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
C20H14S, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 31.155(3) Å, b = 5.8419(6) Å, c = 7.7505(8) Å, β = 94.664(4)°, V = 1405.9(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0480, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1352, T = 193(2) K.
Evaluation of percentage recovery together with modified reference range in hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Dirican Melahat , Açıkgöz Hacer Ebru , Sarandöl Emre 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
Macroprolactinemia is an important cause of hyperprolactinemia. The aim of this study was to examine the added value of the consideration of modified reference range in determination of macroprolactinemia and true hyperprolactinemia.

Materials and methods
Three hundred and ninety patients with high and 131 with normal prolactin (PRL) levels were included in this study. PRL had been analyzed before and after polyethylene glycol precipitation (post-PEG PRL). Recovery percentage (R%) <40% and >60% had been reported as macroprolactinemia and true hyperprolactinemia, respectively. Post-PEG PRL levels were evaluated according to the modified reference range obtained from those of the normoprolactinemic subjects.

Results
According to the R% criterion; macroprolactinemia had been detected in 24.9% and true hyperprolactinemia in 67.4% of hyperprolactinemic patients. When the data were evaluated considering the post-PEG PRL levels according to the modified reference range; 13 (13.4%) of the 97 macroprolactinemia reports would be considered as true hyperprolactinemia and 6 (2.3%) of the 263 true hyperprolactinemia reports would be changed as macroprolactinemia.

Conclusion
Discrimination capacity of R% criterion for true hyperprolactinemia and macroprolactinemia is limited, and we suggest that, in accordance with R% criterion, laboratory reports should include the post-PEG PRL levels along with the modified reference range.
Mechanistic Study on Surface Tension of Binary and Ternary Mixtures Containing Choline Chloride, Ethylene Glycol and Water (Components of Aqueous Solutions of a Deep Eutectic Solvent, Ethaline)
Authors: Rublova Yelyzaveta , Kityk Anna , Danilov Felix , Protsenko Vyacheslav 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper reports the results of the measurement of surface tension in binary liquid mixtures containing choline chloride, ethylene glycol and water and ternary mixtures of ethaline (a eutectic mixture of ethylene glycol and choline chloride, the so-called deep eutectic solvent) with water. The surface tension is determined in a wide range of components’ concentration for the temperatures of 25, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C. The dependences of surface tension on the concentration of liquids are treated by means of Gibbs adsorption isotherm and linear form of Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The values of the equilibrium constant of adsorption at the interface liquid solution/air as well as the standard adsorption Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy are calculated for the binary and ternary mixtures under consideration. The obtained results are interpreted in the light of intermolecular interactions in fluids. Our findings show that ethylene glycol and choline cation interact with each other in the adsorbed surface layer formed at the interface between air and diluted solutions of ethaline.
Multilevel governance for local management of drinking water in Latin America: case studies from Costa Rica, Honduras and Mexico
Authors: Gumeta Gómez Fernando , Durán Elvira , Bray David B. 
Published: October 2019

Adequate supply of drinking water at local level depends, in many cases on community participation. We compare three governance regimes for drinking water management based on multilevel collective action: 1) ASADAS in Costa Rica, 2) Water Boards (JAA, for its acronym in spanish) in Honduras and 3) Water User Committees (CA, for its acronym in spanish) in Mexico. Our data is based on participant observation, and formal and informal interviews. Legal framework, structure and operation, and efficiency for provision and conservation of water resources are analyzed. ASADAS and Water Boards are legal entities with recognized community participation and collective action, while Water Committees have no legal support by the Mexican Government. Regimens showed similar structures and operation, but different economic capabilities and efficiencies in the provision of water and in ensuring water recharge. Recognition and empowerment of the Water Committees in Mexico could increase and ensure water provision in the long- term.
Mineralización de la materia orgánica en suelos con manejo diferencial en cultivo de rosa
Authors: Guadarrma Nonato Angelica , Mejía-Carranza Jaime , Ramírez-Gerardo Marithza Guadalupe 
Published: October 2019

Las formas de producción florícola impactan en la calidad del suelo, la cual está determinada por diferentes factores entre los que destaca el contenido de materia orgánica. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la mineralización de la materia orgánica mediante la liberación de C-CO2 en sistemas con manejo diferencial en cultivo de rosa: convencional (SPC), orgánico (SPO) y convencional-orgánico (SPCO). Durante cinco meses se cuantificó mensualmente el contenido de N orgánico, nitratos y materia orgánica. Se realizaron incubaciones aerobias del suelo (13 - 15 d) y se estimó el C orgánico mineralizado acumulado. Los valores descendieron durante el estudio de 983 C-CO2 kg-1 a 167 mg C-CO2 kg-1 y fue estadísticamente más alto (p < 0.05) en los sistemas SPO y SPCO respecto de SPC, atribuido a que en SPC se tuvo un manejó de 90% con aplicación de agroquímicos sintéticos, lo cual impactó negativamente en la actividad microbiana y por lo tanto en una baja mineralización de la materia orgánica.
Protein Kinase C and Calmodulin Serve As Calcium Sensors for Calcium-Stimulated Endocytosis at Synapses
Authors: Jin Ying-Hui , Wu Xin-Sheng , Shi Bo , Zhang Zhen , Guo Xiaoli , Gan Lin , Chen Zhongqing , Wu Ling-Gang 
Published: October 2019

Calcium influx triggers and facilitates endocytosis, which recycles vesicles and thus sustains synaptic transmission. Despite decades of studies, the underlying calcium sensor remained not well understood. Here, we examined two calcium binding proteins, protein kinase C (PKC) and calmodulin. Whether PKC is involved in endocytosis was unclear; whether calmodulin acts as a calcium sensor for endocytosis was neither clear, although calmodulin involvement in endocytosis had been suggested. We generated PKC (α or β-isoform) and calmodulin (calmodulin 2 gene) knock-out mice of either sex and measured endocytosis with capacitance measurements, pHluorin imaging and electron microscopy. We found that these knock-outs inhibited slow (∼10–30 s) and rapid (<∼3 s) endocytosis at large calyx-type calyces, and inhibited slow endocytosis and bulk endocytosis (forming large endosome-like structures) at small conventional hippocampal synapses, suggesting the involvement of PKC and calmodulin in three most common forms of endocytosis-the slow, rapid and bulk endocytosis. Inhibition of slow endocytosis in PKC or calmodulin 2 knock-out hippocampal synapses was rescued by overexpressing wild-type PKC or calmodulin, but not calcium-binding-deficient PKC or calmodulin mutant, respectively, suggesting that calcium stimulates endocytosis by binding with its calcium sensor PKC and calmodulin. PKC and calmodulin 2 knock-out inhibited calcium-dependent vesicle mobilization to the readily releasable pool, suggesting that PKC and calmodulin may mediate calcium-dependent facilitation of vesicle mobilization. These findings shed light on the molecular signaling link among calcium, endocytosis and vesicle mobilization that are crucial in maintaining synaptic transmission and neuronal network activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVesicle fusion releases neurotransmitters to mediate synaptic transmission. To sustain synaptic transmission, fused vesicles must be retrieved via endocytosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that calcium influx triggers synaptic vesicle endocytosis. However, how calcium triggers endocytosis is not well understood. Using genetic tools together with capacitance measurements, optical imaging and electron microscopy, we identified two calcium sensors, including protein kinase C (α and β isoforms) and calmodulin, for the most commonly observed forms of endocytosis: slow, rapid, and bulk. We also found that these two proteins are involved in calcium-dependent vesicle mobilization to the readily releasable pool. These results provide the molecular signaling link among calcium, endocytosis, and vesicle mobilization that are essential in sustaining synaptic transmission and neuronal network activity.
Multivariate Analysis of Electrophysiological Signals Reveals the Temporal Properties of Visuomotor Computations for Precision Grips
Authors: Guo Lin Lawrence , Nestor Adrian , Nemrodov Dan , Frost Adam , Niemeier Matthias 
Published: October 2019

The frontoparietal networks underlying grasping movements have been extensively studied, especially using fMRI. Accordingly, whereas much is known about their cortical locus much less is known about the temporal dynamics of visuomotor transformations. Here, we show that multivariate EEG analysis allows for detailed insights into the time course of visual and visuomotor computations of precision grasps. Male and female human participants first previewed one of several objects and, upon its reappearance, reached to grasp it with the thumb and index finger along one of its two symmetry axes. Object shape classifiers reached transient accuracies of 70% at ∼105 ms, especially based on scalp sites over visual cortex, dropping to lower levels thereafter. Grasp orientation classifiers relied on a system of occipital-to-frontal electrodes. Their accuracy rose concurrently with shape classification but ramped up more gradually, and the slope of the classification curve predicted individual reaction times. Further, cross-temporal generalization revealed that dynamic shape representation involved early and late neural generators that reactivated one another. In contrast, grasp computations involved a chain of generators attaining a sustained state about 100 ms before movement onset. Our results reveal the progression of visual and visuomotor representations over the course of planning and executing grasp movements.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGrasping an object requires the brain to perform visual-to-motor transformations of the object's properties. Although much of the neuroanatomic basis of visuomotor transformations has been uncovered, little is known about its time course. Here, we orthogonally manipulated object visual characteristics and grasp orientation, and used multivariate EEG analysis to reveal that visual and visuomotor computations follow similar time courses but display different properties and dynamics.
Glutamatergic Neurons in the Piriform Cortex Influence the Activity of D1- and D2-Type Receptor-Expressing Olfactory Tubercle Neurons
Authors: White Kate A. , Zhang Yun-Feng , Zhang Zhijian , Bhattarai Janardhan P. , Moberly Andrew H. , in 't Zandt Estelle E. , Pena-Bravo José I. , Mi Huijie , Jia Xianglian , Fuccillo Marc V. , Xu Fuqiang , Ma Minghong , Wesson Daniel W. 
Published: October 2019

Sensory cortices process stimuli in manners essential for perception. Very little is known regarding interactions between olfactory cortices. The piriform “primary” olfactory cortex, especially its anterior division (aPCX), extends dense association fibers into the ventral striatum's olfactory tubercle (OT), yet whether this corticostriatal pathway is capable of shaping OT activity, including odor-evoked activity, is unknown. Further unresolved is the synaptic circuitry and the spatial localization of OT-innervating PCX neurons. Here we build upon standing literature to provide some answers to these questions through studies in mice of both sexes. First, we recorded the activity of OT neurons in awake mice while optically stimulating principal neurons in the aPCX and/or their association fibers in the OT while the mice were delivered odors. This uncovered evidence that PCX input indeed influences OT unit activity. We then used patch-clamp recordings and viral tracing to determine the connectivity of aPCX neurons upon OT neurons expressing dopamine receptor types D1 or D2, two prominent cell populations in the OT. These investigations uncovered that both populations of neurons receive monosynaptic inputs from aPCX glutamatergic neurons. Interestingly, this input originates largely from the ventrocaudal aPCX. These results shed light on some of the basic physiological properties of this pathway and the cell-types involved and provide a foundation for future studies to identify, among other things, whether this pathway has implications for perception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSensory cortices interact to process stimuli in manners considered essential for perception. Very little is known regarding interactions between olfactory cortices. The present study sheds light on some of the basic physiological properties of a particular intercortical pathway in the olfactory system and provides a foundation for future studies to identify, among other things, whether this pathway has implications for perception.
Apnea Associated with Brainstem Seizures inCacna1aS218LMice Is Caused by Medullary Spreading Depolarization
Authors: Jansen Nico A. , Schenke Maarten , Voskuyl Rob. A. , Thijs Roland D. , van den Maagdenberg Arn M.J.M. , Tolner Else A. 
Published: October 2019

Seizure-related apnea is common and can be lethal. Its mechanisms however remain unclear and preventive strategies are lacking. We postulate that brainstem spreading depolarization (SD), previously associated with lethal seizures in animal models, initiates apnea upon invasion of brainstem respiratory centers. To study this, we assessed effects of brainstem seizures on brainstem function and respiration in male and female mice carrying a homozygous S218L missense mutation that leads to gain-of-function of voltage-gated CaV2.1 Ca2+channels and high risk for fatal seizures. Recordings of brainstem DC potential and neuronal activity, cardiorespiratory activity and local tissue oxygen were performed in freely behaving animals. Brainstem SD occurred during all spontaneous fatal seizures and, unexpectedly, during a subset of nonfatal seizures. Seizure-related SDs in the ventrolateral medulla correlated with respiratory suppression. Seizures induced by stimulation of the inferior colliculus could evoke SD that spread in a rostrocaudal direction, preceding local tissue hypoxia and apnea, indicating that invasion of SD into medullary respiratory centers initiated apnea and hypoxia rather thanvice versa. Fatal outcome was prevented by timely resuscitation. Moreover, NMDA receptor antagonists MK-801 and memantine prevented seizure-related SD and apnea, which supports brainstem SD as a prerequisite for brainstem seizure-related apnea in this animal model and has translational value for developing strategies that prevent fatal ictal apnea.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTApnea during and following seizures is common, but also likely implicated in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). This underlines the need to understand mechanisms for potentially lethal seizure-related apnea. In the present work we show, in freely behaving SUDEP-prone transgenic mice, that apnea is induced when spontaneous brainstem seizure-related spreading depolarization (SD) reaches respiratory nuclei in the ventrolateral medulla. We show that brainstem seizure-related medullary SD is followed by local hypoxia and recovers during nonfatal seizures, but not during fatal events. NMDA receptor antagonists prevented medullary SD and apnea, which may be of translational value.