bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revacept, an Inhibitor of Platelet Adhesion in Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: Design and Rationale of a Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial
Authors: Gröschel Klaus , Uphaus Timo , Loftus Ian , Poppert Holger , Diener Hans Christoph , Zobel Jenny , Münch Götz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPatients with stroke or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and internal carotid artery stenosis harbor an increased risk of recurrent stroke especially within 2 weeks after the first event. In addition, the revascularization procedure itself (carotid endarterectomy [CEA] or carotid artery stenting [CAS]) is associated with both clinically apparent and silent brain infarctions, mainly caused by the embolic nature of the ruptured carotid plaque. The glycoprotein VI (GPVI) fusion protein Revacept is a highly specific antithrombotic drug without direct inhibition of systemic platelet function that might reduce periprocedural distal embolization from the vulnerable ruptured plaque located at the internal carotid artery. By shielding collagen at the site of vascular injury, Revacept inhibits plaque-mediated platelet adhesion and aggregation, while not directly affecting systemic hemostasis. In this phase II study, 158 patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis with recent TIA or stroke were randomized to receive a single dose of either Revacept (40 or 120 mg) or placebo. All patients were on standard secondary preventive therapy (statins and platelet inhibition) and underwent CEA, CAS, or best medical therapy according to current guidelines. The efficacy of Revacept was evaluated by exploratory assessment of new diffusion-weighted imaging lesions on magnetic resonance imaging after the revascularization procedure; a combination of cardiovascular events (ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, TIA, myocardial infarction, or coronary intervention) and bleeding complications served to assess clinically critical patients' outcome and safety. This exploratory phase II randomized, double-blind clinical trial provides valuable insights on the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of Revacept in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.
A distributed resistance inverse method for flow obstacle identification from internal velocity measurements
Authors: Aguayo Jorge , Bertoglio Cristóbal , Osses Axel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present a penalization parameter method for obstacle identification in an incompressible fluid flow for a modified version of the Oseen equations. The proposed method consists in adding a high resistance potential to the system such that some subset of its boundary support represents the obstacle. This allows to work in a fixed domain and highly simplify the solution of the inverse problem via some suitable cost functional. Existence of minimizers and first and second order optimality conditions are derived through the differentiability of the solutions of the Oseen equation with respect to the potential. Finally, several numerical experiments using Navier–Stokes flow illustrate the applicability of the method, for the localization of a bi-dimensional cardiac valve from MRI and ultrasound flow type imaging data.
DVD assisted titanium metasurface for solar energy perfect absorption and potential applications for local thermal antibacterial treatment
Authors: Zhang Houjiao , Liu Zhengqi , Liu Guiqiang , Zhan Xuefeng , Fu Guolan , Liu Xiaoshan , Wang Junqiao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A novel broadband solar absorber is numerically studied based on the commercial digital versatile disc (DVD). Refractory titanium (Ti) material is artificially coated onto the surface of the DVD, which then forms the plasmonic resonant metasurface. Spectral average absorption reaches 91.3% in the whole visible and near-infrared range (0.38–1.50 μm). The total solar absorption in these energy regions is also up to 92.1%. Moreover, the high spectral absorption is insensitive to the incident angle. Interestingly, the absorption is observed to be with high tolerance for the polarized light even if the grating structure is used in the platform. These features suggest that the broadband solar absorption can be maintained well under complex electromagnetic surroundings. Otherwise, the absorbed energy is mainly confined at the proximity surface area of the Ti cavity, which suggests the strong plasmonic near-field localization and paves the feasible way to carry out the local heating operation for thermal antibacterial/antivirus applications.
Modelling of second mode positive streamer in cyclohexane by considering optimized electron saturation velocity
Authors: Liu Donglin , Liu Qiang , Wang Zhongdong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Experimental and modelling study of the pre-breakdown phenomenon in dielectric liquids, generally called ‘streamers’, is vital for the application of liquids in high voltage and power dense devices. Streamer is characterized into four modes by average propagation velocity, among which the second mode streamer is responsible for breakdowns at a wide range of gap distances and voltage levels. The stable propagation velocity of around 2 km s−1 is one of the key characteristics of the second mode streamer. The most recent study found that streamer branching is not the main reason for the stable velocity of second mode streamer as was assumed previously. Besides, one major drawback of the existing charge-drift model of the second mode streamer is the over-estimation of electron velocity, which leads to the much higher streamer propagation velocity in simulation than that observed in experiments. In this paper, restriction of streamer propagaiton velocity by using electron saturation velocity (ESV) is found to be the key reason for the stable propagaiton velocity of the second mode streamer. The charge-drift model is modified by considering different ESVs. It is found that reducing ESV from 30 km s−1 to 2.5 km s−1 in simulation can greatly constrain positive streamer propagation velocity from 4.15 km s−1 to 0.50 km s−1 in cyclohexane. When ESV is set to be 7.5 km s−1 in cyclohexane, the streamer propagation velocity in simulation increases from 1.59 km s−1 at 80 kV (below breakdown voltage) to 1.91 km s−1 at 100 kV (near to acceleration voltage), which closely matches the experimental observations.
Selecting ‘convenient observers’ to probe the atomic structure of CVD graphene on Ir(111) via photoelectron diffraction
Authors: Barreto Lucas , Henrique de Lima Luis , Coutinho Martins Daniel , Silva Caio , Cezar de Campos Ferreira Rodrigo , Landers Richard , de Siervo Abner 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
CVD graphene grown on metallic substrates presents, in several cases, a long-range periodic structure due to a lattice mismatch between the graphene and the substrate. For instance, graphene grown on Ir(111), displays a corrugated supercell with distinct adsorption sites due to a variation of its local electronic structure. This type of surface reconstruction represents a challenging problem for a detailed atomic surface structure determination for experimental and theoretical techniques. In this work, we revisited the surface structure determination of graphene on Ir(111) by using the unique advantage of surface and chemical selectivity of synchrotron-based photoelectron diffraction. We take advantage of the Ir 4f photoemission surface state and use its diffraction signal as a probe to investigate the atomic arrangement of the graphene topping layer. We determine the average height and the overall corrugation of the graphene layer, which are respectively equal to 3.40 ± 0.11 Å and 0.45 ± 0.03 Å. Furthermore, we explore the graphene topography in the vicinity of its high-symmetry adsorption sites and show that the experimental data can be described by three reduced systems simplifying the moiré supercell multiple scattering analysis.
Cellular toxicology and mechanism of the response to silver-based nanoparticle exposure in Ewing’s sarcoma cells
Authors: da Silva Ferreira Veronica , Eugenio Mateus Ferreira Conz , Del Nery dos Santos Elaine , de Souza Wanderley , Sant’Anna Celso 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ewing’s sarcoma is the most aggressive connective tissue tumor, mainly affecting children and adolescents; the 5 year survival rate is only 50%. Current treatments have poor effectiveness, and more efficient treatments are being sought. Silver-based nanoparticles, such as silver chloride nanoparticles (AgCl-NPs) and silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl-NPs) nanoparticles, can be biologically produced and can release Ag+ ions into solution; however, their antitumor activity has been minimally investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor potential of AgCl-NPs and Ag/AgCl-NPs against Ewing’s sarcoma cells. A673 cells (Ewing’s sarcoma) were treated for 72 h with 0–12.5 μg ml−1 of Ag/AgCl-NPs or 0–40 μg ml−1 of AgCl-NPs. Human cells from the RPE-1 cell line (pigmented retinal epithelium) were used as a model of nontumor cells. The RPE-1 cells were less affected by the administration of AgCl-NPs or Ag/AgCl-NPs, with small reductions in the number of cells and viability and a small increase in apoptosis rates, while lysosomal damage, changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and alterations in microfilaments or cell areas were not observed. A673 tumor cells had significantly reduced number and viability levels when treated with AgCl-NPs, with reductions of 65.05% and 99.17%, respectively, whereas with Ag/AgCl-NP treatment, reductions of 65.53% and 92.51% were observed, respectively. When treated with silver-based nanoparticles, A673 cells also showed a significant increase in ROS production and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, which culminated in an increase in the percentage of apoptosis among the population. Lysosomal damage was also observed when A673 cells were treated with the highest concentration of AgCl-NPs. In conclusion, the results showed that both AgCl-NPs and Ag/AgCl-NPs had some antitumor activity with minimal effects against healthy cells, which demonstrated the possibility of their use in cancer therapy.
Silicon-assisted surface enhanced fluorescence toward improved assay performances
Authors: Zhang Ruohu , Lu Hui , Zong Shenfei , Lu Changgui , Yun Binfeng , Hu Guohua , Zhu Li , Cui Yiping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A novel scheme of silicon-assisted surface enhanced fluorescence (SEF) is presented for SEF-based assays, where the blank signal suppression and the fluorescence signal enhancement is combined. The P-doped, (100) oriented silicon substrate is used to quench the fluorescence of Rose Bengal (RB) molecules attached to it, resulting in an effectively suppressed background signal, which is useful for a lower limit of detection (LOD). When a proper quantity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is deposited on the RB-attached silicon substrate, a significant fluorescence enhancement of up to around 290 fold is obtained, which helps to improve the sensitivity in fluorescence-based assays. Besides, conventional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have also been demonstrated to exhibit excellent SEF effect using the presented scheme, providing improved stability and biocompatibility. The mechanism of the observed SEF effect has been investigated, and both the decreased apparent quantum yield and the silicon-induced electric field redistribution are considered to play important roles. The experimental results suggest that the presented scheme holds great potential in the SEF-based assays aiming at higher sensitivity and lower LOD.
Numerical simulation of very high harmonic fast waves for an off-axis current drive in a China fusion engineering test reactor by the GENRAY code
Authors: Yang Y Q , Zhang X J , Zhao Y P , Qin C M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that helicon waves may be an attractive option for driving an efficient off-axis current drive in order to supplement bootstrap current for steady state operation in fusion reactors. Based on the China fusion engineering test reactor parameters, the helicon wave trajectories, profiles of driven current and current driven efficiency are calculated with the ray-tracing code GENRAY. Both the peak position and the peak value of driven current profiles are dependent on the wave frequency. In the frequency range of 1.6 GHz–2.0 GHz, the peak value increases with the increase of frequency, and the peak position has a slight change (concentrate around ρ= 0.75). High electron temperature and low electron density seem to be favorable for the helicon wave absorption. A driving current of I/P > 70 kA MW−1 at the off-axis position of ρ < 0.7 can be obtained with the electron temperature at the plasma center,
T

e(0) < 25.4 keV and the electron density at the plasma center,
n

e(0) ∼ 0.7 × 7.8 × 1019m−3–0.8 × 7.8 × 1019m−3. The current drive efficiency decreases with the increase of the electron density. Peak positon of the driven current profile is insensitive to the parallel refractive index
n

∥. It is found that the poloidal launch angle has some effect on the peak positon and its value.
Influence of magnetron configurations on the structure and properties of room temperature sputtered ZnO thin films
Authors: Godiwal Rahul , Gangwar Amit Kumar , Jaiswal Jyoti , Vashishtha Pargam , Hossain Modassar , Pal Prabir , Gupta Govind , Singh Preetam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Under the unbalanced magnetron (UBM) sputtering process, not only the plasma is confined near the target like in the conventional balanced magnetron (BM) sputtering process, but also extends towards the substrate and support the ion-assisted deposition (surface of thin films is bombarded by energetic Ar+ ions during the sputtering process). Here, we report the influence of magnetron configurations on the structure and properties of room temperature sputtered ZnO thin films while keeping other process parameters fixed. The UBM configuration has significantly improved various properties of ZnO thin films in comparison to the BM configuration. The crystalline quality with dominant orientation (002) and uniform distribution of grains is observed while an increase in the band gap from 3.25 eV (BM) to 3.33 eV (UBM) is obtained. The lower defects as investigated from Zn2p and O1s core level XPS spectra, which is well supported by Photoluminescence measurements. In addition to that, surface hydrophobicity has been increased from 121.2° (BM) to 125.5° (UBM). Thus, the unbalanced magnetron configuration in the sputtering process significantly enhanced the structural, optical and surface properties of ZnO thin films even at room temperature and low plasma power without any post annealing treatments, which is highly desired for the device fabrication.
Two-channel ultrasonic switch based on two-dimensional fluid/fluid phononic crystals with composite lattices
Authors: Alinejad M , Bahrami A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report the design procedure for an ultrasonic two-channel thermo-switch composed of two line-defect waveguides coupled through four similar composite lattices all based on a two-dimensional fluid/fluid phononic crystal platform. The phononic crystal platform consists of a periodic array of infinitely long rods of ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether embedded in mercury background. The difference in the sound velocity and mass density provides a narrow-pass band in the resonant mode spectrum of composite lattice, required for the coupling functionality. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the elastic constants of utilized fluids have also enabled the switching of the presented structure. We show that the addition of an appropriate scatterer at the center of structure can reduce the scattering loss and enhance the confinement and wave propagation efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this is for the first time that a 2 × 2 ultrasonic switch has been proposed in two-dimensional fluid/fluid phononic crystals with composite lattice.
TiO2-nanoparticles enhances the structure and optical behaviors of PMMA/glass polymeric films: Kramers-Kroning analysis
Authors: AlAbdulaal T H , Yahia I S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The proposed novel optical system of composites of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were planned to be used as polymeric materials according to their standing full applied optical applications. The spin coating method, an easy and cost-effective technique, was utilized to uniformly deposit and prepare these TiO2/PMMA thin films on glass substrates, wherein nature, the films’ uniformity, and structures’ crystallinity. The interactions between the TiO2 nanoparticle and PMMA as a matrix were confirmed through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The linear optical characterization of the obtained thin films was characterized using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength ranging from 200 nm to 1000 nm. Linear refractive index and absorption coefficient, direct and indirect optical bandgaps, and nonlinear optical parameters for the as-prepared samples were calculated using Kramers-Kroning analysis. Moreover, the optical limiting was studied using He-Ne laser 632.8 nm and green diode laser with 532 nm wavelength. This TiO2/PMMA, as a novel optical system, is a good optical system to be used for capable various future technical applications, such as optical filter, solar cells, electronic apparatus, and optoelectronics devices.
Surface bioengineering of diverse orthopaedic implants with optional functions via bioinspired molecular adhesion and bioorthogonal conjugations
Authors: Wang Xiaokang , Zhou Xichao , Zhao Huan , Chen Xu , Zhang Yu , Wang Miao , Yang Huilin , Pan Guoqing , Shi Qin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, we reported an upgraded mussel-inspired strategy for surface bioengineering of osteoimplants by combination of mussel adhesion and bioorthogonal click chemistry. The main idea of this strategy is a mussel-inspired synthetic peptide containing multiple 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (DOPA) units and a dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) terminal (DOPA-DBCO). According to the mussel adhesion mechanism, the DOPA-DBCO peptide could stably adhere onto a variety of material surface, leaving the residual DBCO groups on the surface. Then, the DBCO residues could be employed for a second-step bioorthogonal conjugation with azide-capping biomolecules through bioorthogonal click chemistry, finally leading to the biomodified surfaces. To demonstrate the generality of our strategy for surface biomodification of diversified orthopaedic materials including metallic and polymeric substrates, we here conceptually conjugated some typical azide-capping biomolecules on both metal and polymeric surfaces. The results definitely verified the feasibility for engineering of functional surfaces with some essential requirements of osteoimplants, for example, the ability to facilitate cell adhesion, suppress bacterial infection, and promote osteogenesis. In a word, this study indicated that our novel surface strategy would show broad applicability for diverse osteoimplants and in different biological scenarios. We can also image that the molecular specificity of bioorthogonal conjugation and the universality of mussel adhesion mechanism may jointly provide a versatile surface bioengineering method for a wider range of biomedical implants.
Stochastic resetting with stochastic returns using external trap
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Plata Carlos A , Kundu Anupam , Pal Arnab 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the past few years, stochastic resetting has become a subject of immense interest. Most of the theoretical studies so far focused on instantaneous resetting which is, however, a major impediment to practical realisation or experimental verification in the field. This is because in the real world, taking a particle from one place to another requires finite time and thus a generalization of the existing theory to incorporate non-instantaneous resetting is very much in need. In this paper, we propose a method of resetting which involves non-instantaneous returns facilitated by an external confining trap potential U(x) centered at the resetting location. We consider a Brownian particle that starts its random motion from the origin. Upon resetting, the trap is switched on and the particle starts experiencing a force towards the center of the trap which drives it to return to the origin. The return phase ends when the particle makes a first passage to this center. We develop a general framework to study such a set up. Importantly, we observe that the system reaches a non-equilibrium steady state which we analyze in full details for two choices of U(x), namely, (i) linear and (ii) harmonic. Finally, we perform numerical simulations and find an excellent agreement with the theory. The general formalism developed here can be applied to more realistic return protocols opening up a panorama of possibilities for further theoretical and experimental applications.
Lethrinid fishes (Lethrinidae) of Wallacea region
Authors: Afrisal M , Irmawati  , Nurjirana  , Iwatsuki Y , Burhanuddin A I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The emperor fishes (Lethrinidae) are a family of tropical reef fishes that comprise an important component of commercial in water of Wallacea. This study was conducted to provide an update on the species of Lethrinus fish in Wallacea waters and describe the emperor fishes of the lethrinid subfamily Lethrininae from the Wallacea and the result will be used as basis for further study especially on biodiversity monitoring for the area. Specimens were collected in South Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia at August 2018 to July 2019. Results showed that there were sixteen species representing 29 species which are widely distributed in Indo-Pasific areas all over the world inhabiting the area were examined and identified: L. amboinensis, L. atkinsoni, L. conchyliatus, L. erythracanthus, L. erythropterus, L. genivittatus, L. harak L. lentjan, L. microdon, L. nebulosus, L. obsoletus, L. olivaceus, L. ornatus, L. rubrioperculatus, L. semicintus, and L. xanthocyllus.
Spin–valley dynamics in alloy-based transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayers
Authors: Kravtsov Vasily , Liubomirov Aleksey D , Cherbunin Roman V , Catanzaro Alessandro , Genco Armando , Gillard Daniel , Alexeev Evgeny M , Ivanova Tatiana , Khestanova Ekaterina , Shelykh Ivan A , Tartakovskii Alexander I , Skolnick Maurice S , Krizhanovskii Dmitry N , Iorsh Ivan V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Van der Waals heterobilayers based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides have been recently shown to support robust and long-lived valley polarization for potential valleytronic applications. However, the roles of the chemical composition and geometric alignment of the constituent layers in the underlying dynamics remain largely unexplored. Here we study spin–valley relaxation dynamics in heterobilayers with different structures and optical properties engineered via the use of alloyed monolayer semiconductors. Through a combination of time-resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopic measurements and theoretical modeling for Mo1 − x
W
x
Se2/WSe2 samples with different chemical compositions and stacking angles, we uncover the contributions of the interlayer exciton recombination and charge carrier spin depolarization to the overall valley dynamics. We show that the corresponding decay rates can be tuned in a wide range in transitions from a misaligned to an aligned structure, and from a hetero- to a homo-bilayer. Our results provide insights into the microscopic spin–valley polarization mechanisms in van der Waals heterostructures for the development of future 2D valleytronic devices.