bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How specialized is a soil specialist? Early life history responses of a rare Eriogonum to site‐level variation in volcanic soils
Authors: McClinton Jamey D. , Parchman Thomas L. , Torrence Kathleen L. , Verburg Paul S. , Leger Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2020

PREMISEUnderstanding edaphic specialization is crucial for conserving rare plants that may need relocation due to habitat loss. Focusing on Eriogonum crosbyae, a rare soil specialist in the Great Basin of the United States, we asked how site‐level variation among volcanic soil outcrops affected plant growth and population distribution.METHODSWe measured emergence, survival, size, and biomass allocation of E. crosbyae seedlings planted in soils collected from 42 outcrops of actual and potential habitat. We also measured phenotypic variation in the wild, documented abiotic and biotic components of E. crosbyae habitat, re‐surveyed Nevada populations, and evaluated occupancy changes over time.RESULTSPlants responded plastically to edaphic variation, growing larger and allocating relatively more to aboveground tissues in soils with greater nutrient availability and growing smaller in soils higher in copper in the field and the greenhouse. However, the chemical and physical soil properties we measured did not predict site occupancy, nor was plant phenotype in the greenhouse different when plants were grown in soils from sites with different occupation status. We observed occupation status reversals at five locations.CONCLUSIONSEriogonum crosbyae performed well in soils formed on hydrothermally altered rocks that are inhospitable to many other plants. Extirpation/colonization events observed were consistent with metapopulation dynamics, which may partially explain the patchy distribution of E. crosbyae among outcrops of potential habitat. While soil properties did not predict site occupancy, early life stages showed sensitivity to soil variation, indicating that seedling dynamics may be important to consider for the conservation of this soil specialist.
First patient with mosaic NOTCH3 gene pathogenic variant. Unrevealed mosaicisms and importance of their detection
Authors: Moreno‐García Marta , Arteche‐López Ana Rosa , Álvarez‐Mora María Isabel , Palma Milla Carmen , Quesada Espinosa Juan Francisco , Lezana Rosales José Miguel , Sánchez Calvín María Teresa , Gómez Manjón Irene , Gómez Rodríguez María José , Mendez‐Guerrero Antonio , Villarejo‐Galende Alberto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an inherited small vessel disease caused predominantly by pathogenic variants in NOTCH3 gene. Neither germline nor somatic mosaicism has been previously published in NOTCH3 gene. CADASIL is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner; only rare cases have been associated with de novo pathogenic variants. Mosaicism is more common than previously thought because mosaic variants often stay unrevealed. An apparently de novo variant might actually be a consequence of a parental mosaicism undetectable with Sanger sequencing, especially in the case of low grade mosaicism. Parental testing by sensitive tools like deep targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis could detect cases of unrevealed medium or low level mosaicism in patients tested by Sanger sequencing. Here, we report the first patient with mosaic NOTCH3 gene pathogenic variant to our knowledge; the allelic fraction in the leucocyte DNA was low (13%); the pathogenic variant was inhered by his two daughters. The patient was diagnosed by deep targeted NGS analysis after studying his two affected daughters. This report highlights the importance of parental testing by sensitive tools like deep targeted NGS analysis. Detection of mosaicism is of great importance for diagnosis and adequate family genetic counseling.
NIR‐II pH Sensor with a FRET Adjustable Transition Point for In Situ Dynamic Tumor Microenvironment Visualization
Authors: Zhao Mengyao , Wang Jianbo , Lei Zuhai , Lu Lingfei , Wang Shangfeng , Zhang Hongxin , Li Benhao , Zhang Fan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMonitoring the pH in tumor lesions provides abundant physiological information. However, currently developed pH sensors only achieve sensitive detection in the settled response region around the pH transition point (pHt). To realize tumor pH monitoring with high sensitivity within a wider response region, reported here are serial pHt adjustable sensors (pTAS) that simply regulate the component ratio of second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) emission aza‐BODIPY (NAB) donor and pH sensitive rhodamine‐based pre‐acceptor (NRh) in Förster resonance energy transfer system. Combining the pH response regions of pTAS, a twofold widened pH detection range (6.11–7.22) is obtained compared to the pHt settled sensor (6.38–6.94). With an adjustable pHt, in vivo tumor pH increase and decrease processes could be dynamically visualized through dual‐channel ratiometric bioimaging within the NIR‐II window, with a coefficient of variation under 1 % compared to the standard pH meter.
Artificial Heterointerfaces Achieve Delicate Reaction Kinetics towards Hydrogen Evolution and Hydrazine Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Qian Qizhu , Zhang Jihua , Li Jianming , Li Yapeng , Jin Xu , Zhu Yin , Liu Yi , Li Ziyun , El‐Harairy Ahmed , Xiao Chong , Zhang Genqiang , Xie Yi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting for H2 production is limited by the sluggish anode oxygen evolution reaction (OER), thus using hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) to replace OER has received great attention. Here we report the hierarchical porous nanosheet arrays with abundant Ni3N‐Co3N heterointerfaces on Ni foam with superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and HzOR activity, realizing working potentials of −43 and −88 mV for 10 mA cm−2, respectively, and achieving an industry‐level 1000 mA cm−2 at 200 mV for HzOR. The two‐electrode overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) electrolyzer requires the cell voltages of 0.071 and 0.76 V for 10 and 400 mA cm−2, respectively. The H2 production powered by a direct hydrazine fuel cell (DHzFC) and a commercial solar cell are investigated to inspire future practical applications. DFT calculations decipher that heterointerfaces simultaneously optimize the hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔGH*) and promote the hydrazine dehydrogenation kinetics. This work provides a rationale for advanced bifunctional electrocatalysts, and propels the practical energy‐saving H2 generation techniques.
Transformable Honeycomb‐Like Nanoassemblies of Carbon Dots for Regulated Multisite Delivery and Enhanced Antitumor Chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Hou Lin , Chen Dandan , Wang Ruiting , Wang Ruibing , Zhang Huijuan , Zhang Zhenzhong , Nie Zhihong , Lu Siyu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTumor fibrotic stroma forms complex barriers for therapeutic nanomedicine. Although nanoparticle vehicles are promising in overcoming biological barriers for drug delivery, fibrosis causes hypoxia, immunosuppression and limited immunocytes infiltration, and thus reduces antitumor efficacy of nanosystems. Herein, we report the development of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) responsive honeycomb‐like nanoassemblies of carbon dots (CDs) to spatially program the delivery of multiple therapeutics for enhanced antitumor chemoimmunotherapy. Doxorubicin (DOX) and immunotherapeutic enhancer (Fe ions) are immobilized on the surface of CDs, whereas tumor microenvironment modifier (losartan, LOS) is encapsulated within the mesopores. The drugs‐loaded nanoassemblies disassociate into individual CDs to release LOS to mitigate stroma and hypoxia in response to CAFs. The individual CDs carrying DOX and Fe ion efficiently penetrate deep into tumor to trigger intensified immune responses. Our in vitro and in vivo studies show that the nanoassemblies exhibit effective T cells infiltration, tumor growth inhibition and lung metastasis prevention, thereby providing a therapeutic platform for desmoplasia solid tumor.
Alkyne 1,1‐Hydroboration to a Reactive Frustrated P/B‐H Lewis Pair
Authors: Škoch Karel , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Mes2P‐C≡C‐SiMe3 alkyne reacts with the borane H2B‐Fmes by means of a rare 1,1‐hydroboration reaction to give an unsaturated C2‐bridged frustrated P/B‐H Lewis pair. Most of its reactions are determined by the presence of the B‐H functionality at the FLP function and the activated connecting carbon‐carbon double bond. It reduces carbon monoxide to the formyl stage. With nitriles it reacts in an extraordinary way: it undergoes a reaction sequence that eventually results in the formation of a P‐substituted dihydro‐1,2‐azaborole derivative. Several similar examples were found. In one case a P‐ylide was isolated that was related to an intermediate of the reaction sequence. It subsequently opened in an alternative way to give an alkenyl borane product.
Pentaerythritol derived phosphorous based bicyclic compounds as promising flame retardants for thermoplastic polyurethane films
Authors:   Shikha, Meena Mahipal , Jacob Josemon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImparting flame retardancy without melt dripping in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a challenging task. In the current work, a series of pentaerythritol derived phosphorous based flame retardants (FRs labeled FR1, FR2, FR3, and FR4) were synthesized, and their suitability for TPU thin films (<100 micron) was explored. Vertical flammability tests revealed that a blend of FR2 and TPU at 2% phosphorous content exhibited excellent flame suppression and complete stoppage of melt dripping whereas samples prepared from FR1 showed reduced melt drips. In comparison to FR1 and FR2, FR3 and FR4 manifested excessive nonflamed melt drips, which helps in removal of heat from the combustion cycle and self‐extinguishment. The limiting oxygen index value of flame retardant (FRTPU) blends reached up to 33.5% compared to 19% for pure TPU. Thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy studies suggest that blends of TPU with FR1 and FR2 display high char residue and condensed phase mechanism, whereas FR3 and FR4 blends show low char residue, working in the gas phase and by the removal of polymer from flame zone through melt dripping phenomena.
COVID‐19 Outcomes in Patients With Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases Compared to the General Population: A US Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: D’Silva Kristin M. , Jorge April , Cohen Andrew , McCormick Natalie , Zhang Yuqing , Wallace Zachary S. , Choi Hyon K. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivePatients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) continue to be concerned about risks of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outcomes. This study was undertaken to evaluate the risks of severe outcomes in COVID‐19 patients with systemic ARDs compared to COVID‐19 patients without systemic ARDs.MethodsUsing a large multicenter electronic health record network, we conducted a comparative cohort study of patients with systemic ARDs diagnosed as having COVID‐19 (identified by diagnostic code or positive molecular test result) compared to patients with COVID‐19 who did not have systemic ARDs, matched for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (primary matched model) and additionally matched for comorbidities and health care utilization (extended matched model). Thirty‐day outcomes were assessed, including hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy, ischemic stroke, venous thromboembolism, and death.ResultsWe initially identified 2,379 COVID‐19 patients with systemic ARDs (mean age 58 years; 79% female) and 142,750 comparators (mean age 47 years; 54% female). In the primary matched model (2,379 patients with systemic ARDs and 2,379 matched comparators with COVID‐19 without systemic ARDs), patients with systemic ARDs had a significantly higher risk of hospitalization (relative risk [RR] 1.14 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03–1.26]), ICU admission (RR 1.32 [95% CI 1.03–1.68]), acute renal failure (RR 1.81 [95% CI 1.07–3.07]), and venous thromboembolism (RR 1.74 [95% CI 1.23–2.45]) versus comparators but did not have a significantly higher risk of mechanical ventilation or death. In the extended model, all risks were largely attenuated, except for the risk of venous thromboembolism (RR 1.60 [95% CI 1.14–2.25]).ConclusionOur findings indicate that COVID‐19 patients with systemic ARDs may be at a higher risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, acute renal failure, and venous thromboembolism when compared to COVID‐19 patients without systemic ARDs. These risks may be largely mediated by comorbidities, except for the risk of venous thromboembolism.
Student perceptions of an inquiry‐based molecular biology lecture and lab following a mid‐semester transition to online teaching
Authors: Hsu Jeremy L. , Rowland‐Goldsmith Melissa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe transition to online learning in spring 2020 was abrupt for both students and instructors. While many instructors moved to asynchronous classes, some institutions relied more heavily on synchronous online courses. Here, we evaluate student perceptions of an inquiry‐based molecular biology lecture and lab course following this transition by comparing student survey responses from spring 2019, when the lecture and lab were fully in person, to spring 2020, when the lecture and lab started in person before transitioning to a synchronous online format. Students were asked to identify the main factors that supported their learning in lecture and lab, characterize the main barriers to learning in those courses, and discuss their preference of having an inquiry‐based lab or a traditional “cookbook” lab with pre‐determined answers. We coded these responses and provide one of the first studies to examine the impact of this online transition on student perceptions of learning in an inquiry‐based molecular biology lecture and lab course.
Brain imaging features in schizophrenia with co‐occurring auditory verbal hallucinations and depressive symptoms—Implication for novel therapeutic strategies to alleviate the reciprocal deterioration
Authors: Zhuo Chuanjun , Fang Tao , Chen Ce , Chen Min , Sun Yun , Ma Xiaoyan , Li Ranli , Tian Hongjun , Ping Jing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAuditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) and depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in schizophrenia, and recent progress has been made in understanding the reciprocal deterioration of both symptoms through structural and functional brain imaging studies. To date, there is limited literature on this topic. In this review, we synthesized the recent literature on the neuroimaging features of schizophrenia patients with concurrent AVHs and depressive symptoms.MethodsA literature search was conducted with the major databases using the keywords, mainly including schizophrenia, AVHs, depression, neuropsychiatric disorders, brain imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThe existing studies have shown that AVHs and depressive symptoms reciprocally deteriorate in patients with schizophrenia, which has challenged the conventional treatment of the disease. Interestingly, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) therapies have emerged as two efficacious brain stimulation treatments that can normalize the brain regions associated with the symptoms, as shown through functional and structural brain imaging studies. In light of these important findings, there is an urgent need to conduct in‐depth neuronal mechanistic studies to identify targets for stimulation therapy.ConclusionsThese new findings may elucidate the pathological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia with concurrent AVHs and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, this review has important clinical implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies to alleviate the reciprocal deterioration AVHs and depressive symptoms of schizophrenia patients.
Racial disparities in receipt of standard chemoradiation in anal squamous cell carcinoma, an analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Bian Shelly X. , Chen Dennis H. , Lin Eugene 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundStandard treatment for locally advanced anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) consists of concurrent chemoradiation. We evaluated whether racial differences exist in the receipt of standard treatment and its association with survival.MethodsFrom the National Cancer Database, we identified patients diagnosed with anal SCC (Stages 2–3) between 2004 and 2015. Using logistic regression, we evaluated racial differences in the probability of receiving standard chemoradiation. We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate associations between race, receipt of standard therapy and survival.ResultsOur analysis included 19,835 patients. Patients receiving standard chemoradiation had better survival than patients receiving nonstandard therapy (hazard ratio [HR] 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.68; p < 0.001). Compared to White patients, Black patients were less likely to receive standard therapy (odds ratio [OR] 0.85; 95% CI 0.76–0.96; p < 0.008). We observed no statistical difference in mortality between Black and White patients overall (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.97–1.15; p = 0.24). However, for the subgroup of patients receiving nonstandard therapy, Black patients had an increased mortality risk compared to White patients (HR 1.17, CI 1.01–1.35; p = 0.034). We observed no survival differences in the subgroup of patients receiving standard treatment (HR 1.00, CI 0.90–1.11, p = 0.99).ConclusionStandard treatment in anal SCC is associated with better survival, but Black patients are less likely to receive standard treatment than White patients. Although Black patients had higher mortality than White patients in the subgroup of patients receiving nonstandard therapy, this difference was ameliorated in the subset receiving standard therapy.
The expanding role of percutaneous mechanical thrombus debulking and extraction in the treatment of critical pulmonary embolism
Authors: Topaz On 
Published: December 2020

Key Points
Massive and sub‐massive pulmonary embolism require expeditious management of the cumulative deleterious effects caused by rapidly deteriorating hemodynamic condition, severely compromised cardiac performance, and associated respiratory failure that carry a predictable catastrophic outcome.
The FlowTriever thrombectomy system as applied in 34 patients for massive and submassive pulmonary embolism resulted in 90% success rate including adequate reduction of the PA pressures, improved RV performance, increased CI, improved BP, and heart rates and decreased the need for vasopressors support within 24 hr.
The role of percutaneous mechanical thrombus debulking and extraction continue to expand, and the yield of the FlowTriever thrombectomy system should be considered when determining which intervention is best suited to patients with massive and submassive pulmonary embolism.
Times up to demonstrate a difference is current DES platforms
Authors: Chaudry Hannah , Abbott J. Dawn 
Published: December 2020

Key Points
Current generation durable polymer DES have sustained efficacy and safety out to 5 years.
The Orsiro DES has both a bioresorbable polymer and ultra thin struts and has the potential to improve the safety of DES.
In this all comers trial, 3 year outcomes with Orsiro DES were similar to the durable polymer zotarolimus eluting stent.
Catastrophic intracranial hemorrhage associated with eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis in a patient after Fontan operation
Authors: Ezaki Hiroki , Muneuchi Jun , Imamoto Naoyuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA 29‐year‐old man after the Fontan operation had a catastrophic intracranial hemorrhage associated with eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis. Despite combination therapy with cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone, he was dead at 6 months after the onset. The clinical course was worse owing to underlying coagulopathy and endothelial dysfunction associated with congenital heart disease.
Key Clnical Massage
The majority of patients with complex congenital heart disease survive into adulthood. Potential endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy can attribute to unexpected clinical manifestations of other extracardiac disease among them.
Successful treatment of Serratia Marcescens peritonitis in a patient receiving peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Yang Ning , Li Longkai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn old man receiving peritoneal dialysis was diagnosed with Serratia marcescens peritonitis, a rare case with poor prognosis. Powerful antibiotics based on culture results and enough duration cured the case successfully despite its high virulence.
2D Heterojunction Between Double Perovskite Oxide Nanosheet and Layered Double Hydroxide to Promote Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Battery Performance
Authors: Mondal Surajit , Majee Rahul , Arif Islam Quazi , Bhattacharyya Sayan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe role of two‐dimensional (2D) materials in electrocatalytic energy conversion reactions is unprecedented among which the earth‐abundant metal oxide nanosheets (NSs) that could promote bifunctional electrocatalytic oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER) remain elusive. <20 nm thick double perovskite oxide, Pr0.5Ba0.5Mn1.8‐xNbxCo0.2O6‐δ(PBMNC‐x, x=0–0.3, δ=0.38–0.59) NSs having a lateral spread of ∼300 nm were designed with exsolved metallic Co and Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) anchored to the NS surface. PBMNC‐0.1 NSs demonstrate the best ORR/OER bifunctional activity among all PBMNC‐x samples with a bifunctionality index (BI) of 1.36 V, which is the combined OER and ORR overpotential (η) at 10 and−3 mA/cm2 current density, respectively. To promote the OER performance, chemically attached 2D heterojunctions of PBMNC‐0.1 NS and ymol % of NiFe (3 : 1) layered double hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH) were hydrothermally synthesized. Among the PBMNC/LDH‐y heterojunctions, PBMNC/LDH‐20 shows the lowest BI of 1.06 V because of an electronic reorganization at the heterojunction as evidenced from Mott‐Schottky analysis. Proof of concept rechargeable zinc‐air battery (r‐ZAB) with PBMNC/LDH‐20 cathode exhibits a specific capacity of 695.6 mA.h/gZn and roundtrip charge‐discharge stability for 100 h at 5 mA/cm2, surpassing the performance of state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C‐RuO2 couple.
Nanocomposite Hydrogel of Pd@ZIF‐8 and Laponite®: Size‐Selective Hydrogenation Catalyst under Mild Conditions
Authors: Sutar Papri , Bakuru Vasudeva Rao , Yadav Pooja , Laha Subhajit , Kalidindi Suresh Babu , Maji Tapas Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe composite hydrogel of a nanoscale metal–organic framework (NMOF) and nanoclay has emerged as a new soft‐material with advanced properties and applications. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of a hydrogel nanocomposite by charge‐assisted self‐assembly of Pd@ZIF‐8 nanoparticles with Laponite® nanoclay which coat the surface of Pd@ZIF‐8 nanoparticles. Such surface coating significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the ZIF‐8 compared to the pristine framework. Further, the Pd@ZIF‐8+LP hydrogel nanocomposite shows better size‐selective catalytic hydrogenation of olefins than Pd@ZIF‐8 nanoparticles based on selective diffusion of the substrate.