bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viewpoint Robust Knowledge Distillation for Accelerating Vehicle Re-identification
Authors: Xie Yi , Shen Fei , Zhu Jianqing , Zeng Huanqiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Vehicle re-identification is a challenging task that matches vehicle images captured by different cameras. Recent vehicle re-identification approaches exploit complex deep networks to learn viewpoint robust features for obtaining accurate re-identification results, which causes large computations in their testing phases to restrict the vehicle re-identification speed. In this paper, we propose a viewpoint robust knowledge distillation (VRKD) method for accelerating vehicle re-identification. The VRKD method consists of a complex teacher network and a simple student network. Specifically, the teacher network uses quadruple directional deep networks to learn viewpoint robust features. The student network only contains a shallow backbone sub-network and a global average pooling layer. The student network distills viewpoint robust knowledge from the teacher network via minimizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the posterior probability distributions resulted from the student and teacher networks. As a result, the vehicle re-identification speed is significantly accelerated since only the student network of small testing computations is demanded. Experiments on VeRi776 and VehicleID datasets show that the proposed VRKD method outperforms many state-of-the-art vehicle re-identification approaches with better accurate and speed performance.
Depletion of Fractalkine Ameliorates Renal Injury and Treg Cell Apoptosis via the p38MAPK Pathway in Lupus-Prone Mice
Authors: Ma Jingxue , Gong Qiming , Guo Pengwei , Pan Xiuhong , He Linlin , You Yanwu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

Fractalkine is a chemokine with several roles, including chemotaxis, adhesion, and immune damage. It participates in cell inflammation and apoptosis and responds to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, Treg cells are involved in autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of Fractalkine in renal injury and Treg apoptosis via the p38MAPK signalling pathway in lupus-prone mice.
Methods

Lupus was induced in BALB/c female mice by injection of pristane. Then, CD4+ CD5+ Treg cells were isolated from the spleen of lupus mice. To deplete Fractalkine, first, mice received an injection of anti-Fractalkine antibody. Later, the transfection of Treg cells with Fractalkine siRNA was conducted. Lupus mice and Treg cells were treated with the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and/or activator U-46619, respectively. The levels of urine protein, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, and autoantibodies were measured from mouse samples, and renal histopathological features were analysed. The expression of Fractalkine, p-p38, Foxp3, IL-6, and IL-17 in the mouse kidney and Treg cells was detected. The levels of apoptosis and key apoptotic factors: Bax, Bcl-2, and Cyt-c in Treg cells were analysed.
Results

The expression of Fractalkine, p-p38, IL-6, and IL-17 increased; meanwhile, that of Foxp3 decreased in the kidneys of mice with lupus. The depletion of Fractalkine and p38MAPK levels ameliorated proteinuria and renal functions and significantly reduced serum autoantibodies, renal Fractalkine, p-p38, IL-6, and IL-17 levels, while increasing renal Foxp3 concentration in lupus mice. The effects of Fractalkine knockdown (KD) and p38MAPK inhibitor on Treg cells, derived from lupus mice, were consistent with those observed in the kidneys. In addition, Fractalkine KD reduced cell apoptosis and suppressed the activation of p38MAPK signalling in Treg cells, derived from lupus mice. Meanwhile, the p38MAPK activator U-46619 had the opposite effect.
Conclusion

Together, our data indicated that Fractalkine promoted the nephritis progression in lupus mice, most likely through the regulation of Treg cell apoptosis and activation of the p38MAPK signalling pathway. It suggested that targeting Fractalkine is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating LN.
Regulation of Apelin Is Associated with Proliferation and Angiogenesis in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Tian LiJun , Liu Hong-Zhi , Zhang Qiang , Geng Dian-Zhong , Yang Jing , Geng Hai-Tao , Zhai Yu-Jie , Huo Yu-Qing , Hao YanZhang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Apelin is an emerging endogenous ligand, which is involved in proliferation and angiogenesis in certain cancers. However, few studies have reported its functions and underlying mechanisms in human gastric cancer (GC). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of Apelin expression in human GC and the underlying mechanisms of Apelin in the promotion of proliferation both in vitro and in vivo.Methods: A total of 178 patients diagnosed with GC under postoperative care were enrolled for the study to investigate clinicopathological and immunohistochemical factors of Apelin expression. Survival of patients was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. We adopted quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot and ELISA to analyze human GC specimens and cell lines. The role and mechanisms of Apelin were evaluated by performing in vitro and in vivo experiments to analyze exogenous Apelin and its overexpression in human GC cells. Results: The expression of Apelin was higher in human gastric cancer cells than in adjacent normal tissues. Apelin, which was overexpressed in vessel invasion (P <0.01), lymph node metastasis (P <0.01), late-staged tumor (T) status (P <0.05), pathological type (P <0.05) and nerve invasion (P <0.05), also exhibited a positive correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Apelin overexpression or exogenous Apelin activated downstream of ERK/Cyclin D1/MMP-9 signaling pathway to promote MGC-803 cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Apelin overexpression promoted angiogenesis aiming at accelerating growth of subcutaneous xenograft in vivo.Conclusions: This study has elucidated the relationship between Apelin and its clinicopathological features in human GC, and the role of Apelin in tumor cell proliferation in human GC cell lines. This is the first study to elucidate underlying mechanisms of Apelin in the proliferation of GC. Apelin can be a potential therapeutic target for human GC.
Selenium yeast modulated ileal transcriptome and microbiota to ameliorate egg production in aged laying hens
Authors: liu zhexi , cao yutao , ai yue , wang linli , wang mengyao , zhang bingkun , guo yuming , lian zhengxing , wu keliang , han hongbing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The declines in both laying performance and egg shell quality during late production period have adverse effects on long production cycle. Improving nutrition of laying hens is a crucial measure to reverse the declination. Selenium (Se) plays important roles in antioxidant defense, redox balance, immune response, and modulation of gut microbiota. However, the mechanism underlying selenium yeast regulating the interaction between transcriptome and gut microbiota to influence laying performance, is still unclear. Here, we use the transcriptome and 16S rRNA analysis to investigate how selenium yeast alters the gene expression and microbiota composition of ileum in aged laying hens.Results: In this study, selenium yeast ameliorated the depression in aged laying performance with a significant increase of laying rate in 0.30 mg/kg group. Furthermore, functional enrichment and STEM analysis were performed using RNA-Seq, which indicated selenium yeast activated metabolic progresses (e.g. Glycerolipid metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism), immune response and oxidative stress response. Four hub genes (TXNRD1, DLD, ILK and LZTS2) were involved in intestinal metabolism which was closely associated with Se deposition/status. Additionally, Se increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria including Veillonella, Turicibacter, and Lactobacillus whiledecreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria Stenotrophomonas by 16S rRNA-Seq. The Integrated analysis of omics revealed that several microbiotas (Maritalea, Alteromonas, Geobacter, etc.) were positively associated with both Se content and laying rate, and there was a markable correlation between several specific microbiotas (Aliivibrio, Anaerobacillus, Shewanella, etc.) and the immune response pathways (regulation of acute inflammatory response, positive regulation of lymphocyte activation and IFN gamma response). Meanwhile, the “switched on” gene PSCA had a positive relationship with Veillonella, and a negative relationship with the opportunistic pathogens Stenotrophomonas. CCA analysis indicated that both the Se content and the laying rate were highly positively correlated with Anaerobacillus, Alteromonas, Loktanella and the positive regulation of lymphocyte activation, but were negative correlated with Streptococcus, Devosia, Aerococcus, Intestinibacter and fatty acid metabolic progress. Conclusions: Overall, our study provides unprecedented insights showing that selenium yeast supplementation can affect immune response, metabolic processes, and specific microbiota composition to ameliorate the egg production deterioration in aged laying hens.
Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear preparedness of public hospitals in Riyadh
Authors: Alahmari Ahmed Ali , Khan Anas A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
ObjectivesChemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) incidents are those that involve chemical or biological warfare agents or toxic radiological or nuclear materials. These agents can cause disasters intentionally or accidentally. Hospitals play a crucial role in handling CBRN disasters. This study aimed to assess the CBRN preparedness of government hospitals in Riyadh.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted across government hospitals in Riyadh, all government hospitals in Riyadh with more than 100 inpatient beds and an emergency department met the inclusion criteria. Hospital preparedness was assessed using an adaptation of the CBRNE Plan Checklist. Results were described in frequencies across several domains such as foundational considerations, planning, training and awareness, procedures, and modules for preparing for a biological incident, a chemical incident, and a radiological or nuclear incident.ResultsOf the 11 eligible hospitals, 10 participated in the study. Further, CBRN considerations were included in the disaster plans of 7 hospitals. Drills had been conducted in collaboration with local agencies in only 2 hospitals. The staff had been trained to recognize the signs and symptoms of exposure to class (A) biological agents in less than half of the hospitals. A majority of the hospitals had antidotes and prophylactics to manage chemical incidents, but only half of them had radiation detection instruments. Personal protective equipment was available in all hospitals, but rapid access to stockpiles of medications was available in only half of them.ConclusionGovernment hospitals in Riyadh demonstrated insufficient CBRN preparedness. Therefore, their staffs should be trained to manage CBRN emergencies, and local drills should be conducted to improve their preparedness.
Predictors of In-hospital Mortality in Patients with Acute Limb Ischemia – Lesson Learnt from A Tertiary Hospital in Jakarta
Authors: Indriani Suci , Adiarto Suko , Andriantoro Hananto , Sunu Ismoyo , Siddiq Taofan , Pranata Raymond , Yonas Emir , Dakota Iwan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

This study aims to identify risk factors associated with in-hospital and 30-days mortality in patients with acute limb ischemia (ALI).
Methods

This study was a single-centered cohort enrolling a total of 160 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of ALI. The ALI diagnosis was based on clinical history, physical examination, and Doppler studies of the extremities. The main outcome of this study is in-hospital and 30-days mortality.
Results

There were a total of 170 patients involving 192 limbs with the diagnosis of ALI. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) insertion (HR 3.4; 95% CI 1.0-11.3, p = 0.042), no vitamin E treatment (HR 5.6; CI 1.7–18.3, 0.004), arrhythmia (HR 12.00; CI 3.8–37.7, p < 0.001), and acute renal failure (HR 6.70; CI 1.88–24.3, p = 0.003) were an independent predictor of intra-hospital mortality. For 30-days mortality, the independent predictors were menopause (HR 3.2; CI 1.16–8.85, p = 0.02); IABP insertion (HR 4.51; CI 1.14–17.92, p = 0.03); arrhythmia (HR 0.11; CI 0.04–0.32, p < 0.001); bleeding requiring transfusion (HR 3.77; CI 0.10-14.28, p = 0.05); and acute renal failure (HR 5.5; CI 1.79–16.95, p = 0.003).
Conclusion

In-hospital mortality in patients with ALI remains high in our center. Several factors contributing to mortality were arrhythmia, renal failure, no vitamin E supplementation, and a history of recent cardiac operation.
The application analysis of 8F ultrafine chest drainage tube for thoracoscopic lobectomy of lung cancer
Authors: Song Yongbin , Zheng Chong , Zhou Shaohui , Cui Hongshang , Wang Jincong , Wang Jianxun , Wang Wenhao , Liu Lijun , Liu Junfeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Currently, thoracoscopic lobectomy is widely used in clinical practice, and postoperative placement of ultrafine drainage tube has advantages of reducing postoperative pain and accelerating postoperative recovery in patients. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and safety of placement of 8F ultrafine chest drainage tube after thoracoscopic lobectomy and its superiority over traditional 24F chest drainage tube.
Methods
A retrospective data analysis was conducted in 134 patients who underwent placement of 8F ultrafine chest drainage tube or 24F chest drainage tube with thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer from January 2018 to December 2019. Patients with 8F ultrafine chest drainage tube were included in group A (n = 67) and those with 24F chest drainage tube were included in group B (n = 67). The drainage time, the total drainage volume, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative pain score and postoperative complication of both groups were analyzed and compared.
Results
Compared to group B, group A had lower pain scores on postoperative days 1, 2 and 3 (3.72 ± 0.65point vs 3.94 ± 0.67point, P = 0.027; 2.72 ± 0.93point vs 3.13 ± 1.04point, P = 0.016; and 1.87 ± 0.65point vs 2.39 ± 1.22point, P = 0.005), shorter drainage time (4.25 ± 1.79d vs 6.04 ± 1.96d, P = 0.000), fewer drainage volume (1100.42 ± 701.57 ml vs 1369.39 ± 624.25 ml, P = 0.021); and shorter postoperative hospital stay (8.46 ± 2.48d vs 9.37 ± 1.70d, P = 0.014). Postoperative complications such as subcutaneous emphysema, pulmonary infection, atelectasis, chest tube reinsertion and intrathoracic hemorrhage showed no differences between both groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Compared with 24F chest drainage tube, the application of an 8F ultrafine chest drainage tube after thoracoscopic lobectomy has significantly shortened the drainage time, reduced the total drainage volume, reduced the postoperative pain degree, shortened the hospital day, and effectively detected postoperative intrathoracic hemorrhage. So, it is considered as an effective, safe and reliable drainage method.
Vein-first versus artery-first ligation procedure for lung cancer surgery: An updated review
Authors: Zhao Tian , Zhang Chu , Zhao Chen , Wu Wenbin , Zhang Miao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

The optimal sequence of pulmonary vessel interruption during lung cancer resection remains controversial. This review aimed to elucidate the association of vein-first versus artery-first ligation and circulation tumor cells (CTCs) dissemination and survival of the patients.
Methods

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar from their inception to October 2020 for published articles that compared vein-first (the pulmonary vein was interrupted first) and artery-first procedure (the pulmonary artery was ligated first) during lung cancer surgery.
Results

Finally, a total of 13 full articles were included. First, 7 of these studies with survival data were included for meta-analysis. As compared with artery-first ligation, vein-first approach did not decrease local recurrence (risk ratio [RR] 0.96 in favour of vein-first ligation; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–1.19, p = 0.68) or distant metastasis (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.34–2.54, p = 0.89), but it was associated with better 5-year overall survival of the patients (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.52–0.99, p = 0.04). Second, 7 studies provided the data of tumor cells using different biomarkers and detection methods; thus, a quantitative meta-analysis was not possible. Among them, 3 studies showed that vein-first decreased the extent of tumor dissemination.
Conclusion

Vein-first ligation in lung cancer surgery is associated with improved survival of the patients and potentially decreased surgery-related tumor dissemination. Further high-quality trials are warranted.
Evaluation by simulation of clinical trial designs for evaluation of treatment during a viral haemorrhagic fever outbreak
Authors: Manchon Pauline , Belhadi Drifa , Mentré France , Laouénan Cédric 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Viral haemorrhagic fevers are characterized by irregular outbreaks with high mortality rate. Difficulties arise when implementing therapeutic trials in this context. The outbreak duration is hard to predict and can be short compared to delays of trial launch and number of subject needed (NSN) recruitment. Our objectives were to compare, using clinical trial simulation, different trial designs for experimental treatment evaluation in various outbreak scenarios.
Methods
Four type of designs were compared: fixed or group-sequential, each being single- or two-arm. The primary outcome was 14-day survival rate. For single-arm designs, results were compared to a pre-trial historical survival rate pH. Treatments efficacy was evaluated by one-sided tests of proportion (fixed designs) and Whitehead triangular tests (group-sequential designs) with type-I-error = 0.025. Both survival rates in the control arm pC and survival rate differences Δ (including 0) varied. Three specific cases were considered: “standard” (fixed pC, reaching NSN for fixed designs and maximum sample size NMax for group-sequential designs); “changing with time” (increased pC\(\text{ }\)over time); “stopping of recruitment” (epidemic ends). We calculated the proportion of simulated trials showing treatment efficacy, with K = 93,639 simulated trials to get a type-I-error PI95% of [0.024;0.026].
Results
Under H0 (Δ = 0), for the “standard” case, the type-I-error was maintained regardless of trial designs. For “changing with time” case, when pC>pH, type-I-error was inflated, and when pC<pH it decreased. Wrong conclusions were more often observed for single-arm designs due to an increase of Δ over time. Under H1 (Δ=+0.2), for the “standard” case, the power was similar between single- and two-arm designs when pC=pH. For “stopping of recruitment” case, single-arm performed better than two-arm designs, and fixed designs reported higher power than group-sequential designs. A web R-Shiny application was developed.
Conclusions
At an outbreak beginning, group-sequential two-arm trials should be preferred, as the infected cases number increases allowing to conduct a strong randomized control trial. Group-sequential designs allow early termination of trials in cases of harmful experimental treatment. After the epidemic peak, fixed single-arm design should be preferred, as the cases number decreases but this assumes a high level of confidence on the pre-trial historical survival rate.
The Peritumoral Hypointense Rim Around Hepatocellular Carcinoma on T2*-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation
Authors: Tsukahara Yoshinori , Okajima Yukinori , Yamada Akira , Momose Masanobu , Uehara Takeshi , Shimizu Akira , Soejima Yuji , Fujinaga Yasunari 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe peritumoral hypointense rim (PTHR) is sometimes observed around hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on T2*-weighted images (T2*WIs). We aimed to investigate the association between the PTHR and histopathologic findings on T2*WIs.MethodsWe assessed the presence of a PTHR on T2*WIs in 39 pathologically proven HCCs from April 2012 to December 2013. Prussian blue staining was performed, and iron deposition was evaluated by semiquantitative and quantitative methods. Optical density was used in the quantitative methods. The associations between a PTHR on T2*WI and histopathologic peritumoral or background liver iron deposition were analyzed.ResultsA PTHR on T2*WI was observed in 23 of 39 (59%) HCCs. There was no significant difference in the histopathologic fibrous capsule findings (P = 0.394). In the semiquantitative methods, both peritumoral and background liver iron deposition grade were significantly higher in HCCs with a PTHR compared with HCCs without a PTHR (P < 0.001). The mean optical density in HCCs with a PTHR was significantly higher compared with HCCs without a PTHR, in the quantitative peritumoral (42244.1 ± 20854.9 vs 18739.1 ± 12258.7, respectively; P < 0.001) and background liver iron deposition analyses (35554.7 ± 19854.8 vs 17292.4 ± 11605.8, respectively; P < 0.001). Tumor size (P = 0.005), etiology (P = 0.001), and degree of fibrosis (P = 0.042) were significantly associated with the presence of a PTHR.ConclusionA PTHR in HCCs on T2*WIs was strongly associated with peritumoral iron deposition in the iron-deposited background liver but not with the fibrous capsule.
Self-Care Practice and Its Predictors Among Adults With Diabetes Mellitus on Follow Up at Public Hospitals of Arsi Zone, Southeast Ethiopia
Authors: Kassa Rahel Nega , Ibrahim Ibrahim Yimer , Hailemariam Hana Abera , Habte Mekdes Hailegebriel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM)is a chronic illness that requires ongoing patient self-management and support to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. The objective of the study was to assess diabetic self-care practice and its predictors among adults with DM on follow up at hospitals of Arsi zone, southeast Ethiopia. Results: Above half (53.3%) of diabetic patients had good self-care practice. Younger age (AOR: 8.95, 95% CI: 1.89,42.48), earning high income (AOR: 2.495, 95% CI: 1.0,5.85), having family history (AOR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.3, 15.5), long duration of diagnosis (AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.127, 4.05), not having diabetic complications (AOR: 3.87, 95% CI: 2, 7.48) and having glucometer (AOR: 4.08, 95% CI: 1.78l, 9.33)were significantly associated factors with good diabetic self are practice. Efforts should be made to prevent complications and to support patients who are aged and who have not glucometer at their home to promote good self-care practice. Particularly, health care providers should give special attention for newly diagnosed patients.