bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking societal concerns on pesticides – a Google Trends analysis
Authors: Schaub Sergei , Huber Robert , Finger Robert 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We analyze public interest in pesticides and plant protection products over time utilizing Google Trends data for Switzerland from 2011 until 2019. We find that the aggregated public interest in pesticides and plant protection products has increased substantially in recent years, especially since 2017. This trend can be attributed to search terms related to pesticides, while the interest in search terms related to plant protection products remained stable. Since the term ‘pesticides’ has a more negative connotation than ‘plant protection products’, the increased public interest might be linked to a higher negative perception of environment and human health impacts of pesticides. We also find evidence which supports the hypothesis that growing public concerns on pesticide use contributed to the launches of two popular initiatives aiming to restrict pesticide use in Switzerland. At the same time, our results support that the launch of these initiatives amplified public concerns regarding pesticides. We conclude that Google Trends is a useful tool for the timely detection of ongoing environmental and agricultural discussions, which might otherwise be unobserved. Therefore, it can generate helpful insights and contribute to agricultural policy problem framing.
Potential pollen evidence for the 1933 M 7.5 Diexi earthquake and implications for post-seismic landscape recovery
Authors: Xu Hongyan , Jiang Hanchao , Liu Kam-biu , Zhong Ning 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The relationships between strong earthquakes, landslides, and vegetation destruction and the process of post-seismic recovery in tectonically active alpine valley areas have not been adequately documented. Here we show detailed pollen study results from a swamp located near the epicenter of the 1933 M 7.5 Diexi earthquake in eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) to reveal the impact of earthquake on vegetation, and the post-seismic recovery process. Based on 210Pb-137Cs age model, the seismic event layer is well constrained. The earthquake event corresponds stratigraphically to a zone with the lowest pollen concentrations, the lowest pollen diversity, and a high frequency of non-arboreal pollen. Elaeagnaceae scrubs rapidly developed in post-seismic landscape recovery processes, which is important for reducing soil erosion and landslide activities. Natural ecological recovery is slow due to increasing human activities and historical climatic fluctuations.
The vertical profile of recent tropical temperature trends: Persistent model biases in the context of internal variability
Authors: Mitchell Dann M , Eunice Lo Y T , Seviour William J M , Haimberger Leopold , Polvani Lorenzo M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Tropospheric and stratospheric tropical temperature trends in recent decades have been notoriously hard to simulate using climate models, particularly in the upper troposphere. Aside from the warming trend itself, this has broader implications, e.g. atmospheric circulation trends depend on latitudinal temperature gradients. In this study, tropical temperature trends in the CMIP6 models are examined, from 1979 to 2014, and contrasted with trends from the RICH/RAOBCORE radiosondes, and the ERA5/5.1 reanalysis. As in earlier studies, we find considerable warming biases in the CMIP6 modeled trends, and we show that these biases are linked to biases in surface temperature. We also uncover previously undocumented biases in the lower-middle stratosphere: the CMIP6 models appear unable to capture the time evolution of stratospheric cooling, which is non-monotonic owing to the Montreal Protocol. Finally, using models with large ensembles, we show that their standard deviation in tropospheric temperature trends, which is due to internal variability alone, explains ∼ 50% (± 20%) of that from the CMIP6 models.
Secure multi-party computation with a quantum manner
Authors: Lu Changbin , Miao Fuyou , Hou Junpeng , Su Zhaofeng , Xiong Yan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Quantum information processing protocols have great advantages over their classical counterparts, especially on cryptography. Secure multi-party computation is one of the most important issues and has been extensively studied in cryptography. It is of both theoretical and practical significance to develop the quantum information processing protocols for secure multi-party computation. In this paper, we consider the secure multi-party computation for n-variable polynomial functions over the finite field GF(d). We propose two protocols using quantum resources to compute the function within a one-time execution. One is based on d-level mutually unbiased (orthonormal) bases with cyclic property and the other takes advantage of quantum Fourier transform. Analytical results show that the proposed protocols are secure against a passive adversary with unlimited computing power, including colluding attack mounted by n − 2 parties. We also implement the second protocol of the special case d = 2 on the IBM Q Experience. In principle, our proposals can be experimentally realized in the arbitrary d dimension with the advances in realizations and controls of high-dimensional quantum computation.
Large deviations of glassy effective potentials
Authors: Franz Silvio , Rocchi Jacopo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The theory of glassy fluctuations can be formulated in terms of disordered effective potentials. While the properties of the average potentials are well understood, the study of the fluctuations has been so far quite limited. Close to the MCT transition, fluctuations induced by the dynamical heterogeneities in supercooled liquids can be described by a cubic field theory in presence of a random field term. In this paper, we set up the general problem of the large deviations going beyond the assumption of the vicinity to T
MCT and analyze it in the paradigmatic case of spherical (p-spin) glass models. This tool can be applied to study the probability of the observation of dynamic trajectories with memory of the initial condition in regimes where, typically, the correlation C(t, 0) decays to zero at long times, at finite T and at T = 0.
PD-L1 Positivity Associated With Presence of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and High-Stage Disease in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Smith Maria E , Farahani Sahar J , Chao Timothy , Palmer Matthew , Arriola Aileen , Lal Priti 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Persistent antigen exposure leads to the accumulation of lymphocytes and subsequent tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). We investigated the relationship of tumor microenvironment (TME) with respect to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1), and TLS in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) cases and compared them with UTUC associated with urothelial bladder carcinoma (UTUC-BCa).

Methods
We retrospectively identified 72 patients with UTUC. Representative slides were reviewed, and TLS were counted. Immunohistochemical stains for PD-1 and PD-L1 were performed. PD-1–positive lymphocytes were counted and H-score for PD-L1–positive membranous staining was determined.

Results
PD-L1 expression in the tumor was present in 55.1% of the UTUC cases. Higher stage was associated with increased PD-L1 expression (P = .035). TLS were present in 33.3% and their presence was significantly associated with PD-L1 positivity (P = .024). This association remained significant after adjustment for UTUC-BCa. TLS were also associated with a greater number of infiltrating PD-1-positive lymphocytes (P = .013).

Conclusions
This study is one of the first comparative studies of the TME in UTUC and UTUC-BCa. PD-L1 is expressed in a subset of UTUC and is associated with TLS. The presence of TLS is an inherent characteristic of UTUC and not secondary to the presence of BCa.
Understanding Attentional Biases in Severe Alcohol Use Disorder: A Combined Behavioral and Eye-Tracking Perspective
Authors: Bollen Zoé , D'Hondt Fabien , Dormal Valérie , Lannoy Séverine , Masson Nicolas , Maurage Pierre 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Rationale
Severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD) is a psychiatric condition linked to cerebral and cognitive consequences. SAUD is notably characterized by an overactivation of the reflexive/reward system when confronted with alcohol-related cues. Such overreactivity generates a preferential allocation of attentional resources toward these cues, labeled as attentional biases (AB). Theoretical assumptions have been made regarding the characteristics of AB and their underlying processes. While often considered as granted, these assumptions remain to be experimentally validated.

Aims
We first identify the theoretical assumptions made by previous studies exploring the nature and role of AB. We then discuss the current evidence available to establish their validity. We finally propose research avenues to experimentally test them.

Methods
Capitalizing on a narrative review of studies exploring AB in SAUD, the current limits of the behavioral measures used for their evaluation are highlighted as well as the benefits derived from the use of eye-tracking measures to obtain a deeper understanding of their underlying processes. We describe the issues related to the theoretical proposals on AB and propose research avenues to test them. Four experimental axes are proposed, respectively, related to the determination of (a) the genuine nature of the mechanisms underlying AB; (b) their stability over the disease course; (c) their specificity to alcohol-related stimuli and (d) their reflexive or controlled nature.

Conclusions
This in-depth exploration of the available knowledge related to AB in SAUD, and of its key limitations, highlights the theoretical and clinical interest of our innovative experimental perspectives capitalizing on eye-tracking measures.
Markers of life history traits: variation in morphology, molecular and amino acid sequences withinTyphlodromus(Anthoseius)reckiWainstein (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Tixier Marie-Stéphane , Perez Martinez Sandra , Douin Martial 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study we investigated morphological and molecular variation within the predatory mite Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) recki, and their relationships to ecological features. In total, 42 morphological characters were measured on 87 specimens from seven populations in the south of France and Sicily living on plants of four families. DNA sequences (two mitochondrial markers) and the amino acid sequences of the CytB protein were assessed. A relationship between morphological variation and plant families was observed. The 12S rRNA gene showed differentiation that appeared to be related to feeding habit, in agreement with the findings for two other Phytoseiidae species. CytB mitochondrial DNA showed variation related to geographical location. Four amino acid mutations separated the Sicilian and the French populations. CytB amino acid sequences were analysed for three other Phytoseiidae species, and again diagnostic mutations associated with geographical location were observed, as already shown for Phytoseiulus macropilis. The population differentiation observed for each marker (morphological, DNA fragments) appeared to be related to ecological/biological features, revealing new perspectives for forecasting functional characteristics based on morphotypes and genotypes. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these observations and to explain such functional relationships.
Early-infantile onset epilepsy and developmental delay caused by bi-allelic GAD1 variants
Authors: Neuray Caroline , Maroofian Reza , Scala Marcello , Sultan Tipu , Pai Gurpur S , Mojarrad Majid , Khashab Heba El , deHoll Leigh , Yue Wyatt , Alsaif Hessa S , Zanetti Maria N , Bello Oscar , Person Richard , Eslahi Atieh , Khazaei Zaynab , Feizabadi Masoumeh H , Efthymiou Stephanie ,   SYNaPS Study Group, Groppa Stanislav , Karashova Blagovesta Marinova , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Boesch Sylvia , Arning Larissa , Timmann Dagmar , Cormand Bru , Pérez-Dueñas Belen , Di Rosa Gabriella , Goraya Jatinder S , Sultan Tipu , Mine Jun , Avdjieva Daniela , Kathom Hadil , Tincheva Radka , Banu Selina , Pineda-Marfa Mercedes , Veggiotti Pierangelo , Ferrari Michel D , Verrotti Alberto , Marseglia Giangluigi , Savasta Salvatore , García-Silva Mayte , Macaya Ruiz Alfons , Garavaglia Barbara , Borgione Eugenia , Portaro Simona , Sanchez Benigno Monteagudo , Boles Richard , Papacostas Savvas , Vikelis Michail , Papanicolaou Eleni Zamba , Dardiotis Efthymios , Maqbool Shazia , Ibrahim Shahnaz , Kirmani Salman , Rana Nuzhat Noureen , Atawneh Osama , Koutsis George , Breza Marianthi , Mangano Salvatore , Scuderi Carmela , Borgione Eugenia , Morello Giovanna , Stojkovic Tanya , Zollo Massimi , Heimer Gali , Dauvilliers Yves A , Striano Pasquale , Al-Khawaja Issam , Al-Mutairi Fuad , Sherifa Hamed , El-Bassyouni Hala T , Soliman Doaa R , Tekes Selahattin , Ozer Leyla , Baltaci Volkan , Khan Suliman , Beetz Christian , Amr Khalda S , Salpietro Vincenzo , Jamshidi Yalda , Alkuraya Fowzan S , Houlden Henry 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are the most abundant amino acid neurotransmitters in the brain. GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, is synthesized by glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Its predominant isoform GAD67, contributes up to ∼90% of base-level GABA in the CNS, and is encoded by the GAD1 gene. Disruption of GAD1 results in an imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, and as Gad1−/− mice die neonatally of severe cleft palate, it has not been possible to determine any potential neurological dysfunction. Furthermore, little is known about the consequence of GAD1 disruption in humans. Here we present six affected individuals from six unrelated families, carrying bi-allelic GAD1 variants, presenting with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, characterized by early-infantile onset epilepsy and hypotonia with additional variable non-CNS manifestations such as skeletal abnormalities, dysmorphic features and cleft palate. Our findings highlight an important role for GAD1 in seizure induction, neuronal and extraneuronal development, and introduce GAD1 as a new gene associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.
Mapping Human Laryngeal Motor Cortex during Vocalization
Authors: Eichert Nicole , Papp Daniel , Mars Rogier B , Watkins Kate E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The representations of the articulators involved in human speech production are organized somatotopically in primary motor cortex. The neural representation of the larynx, however, remains debated. Both a dorsal and a ventral larynx representation have been previously described. It is unknown, however, whether both representations are located in primary motor cortex. Here, we mapped the motor representations of the human larynx using functional magnetic resonance imaging and characterized the cortical microstructure underlying the activated regions. We isolated brain activity related to laryngeal activity during vocalization while controlling for breathing. We also mapped the articulators (the lips and tongue) and the hand area. We found two separate activations during vocalization—a dorsal and a ventral larynx representation. Structural and quantitative neuroimaging revealed that myelin content and cortical thickness underlying the dorsal, but not the ventral larynx representation, are similar to those of other primary motor representations. This finding confirms that the dorsal larynx representation is located in primary motor cortex and that the ventral one is not. We further speculate that the location of the ventral larynx representation is in premotor cortex, as seen in other primates. It remains unclear, however, whether and how these two representations differentially contribute to laryngeal motor control.
Acute kidney disease and long-term outcomes in critically ill acute kidney injury patients with sepsis: a cohort analysis
Authors: Gameiro Joana , Carreiro Carolina , Fonseca José Agapito , Pereira Marta , Jorge Sofia , Gouveia João , Lopes José António 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent during hospitalization and may contribute to adverse short- and long-term consequences. Acute kidney disease (AKD) reflects the continuing pathological processes and adverse events developing after AKI. We aimed to evaluate the association of AKD, long-term adverse renal function and mortality in a cohort of patients with sepsis.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of adult patients with septic AKI admitted to the Division of Intensive Medicine of the Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (Lisbon, Portugal) between January 2008 and December 2014. Patients were categorized according to the development of AKI using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification. AKI was defined as an increase in absolute serum creatinine (SCr) ≥0.3 mg/dL or by a percentage increase in SCr ≥50% and/or by a decrease in urine output to &lt;0.5 mL/kg/h for &gt;6 h. AKD was defined as presenting at least KDIGO Stage 1 criteria for &gt;7 days after an AKI initiating event. Adverse renal outcomes (need for long-term dialysis and/or a 25% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate after hospital discharge) and mortality after discharge were evaluated.

Results
From 256 selected patients with septic AKI, 53.9% developed AKD. The 30-day mortality rate was 24.5% (n = 55). The mean long-term follow-up was 45.9 ± 43.3 months. The majority of patients experience an adverse renal outcome [n = 158 (61.7%)] and 44.1% (n = 113) of patients died during follow-up. Adverse renal outcomes, 30-day mortality and long-term mortality after hospital discharge were more frequent among AKD patients [77.5 versus 43.2% (P &lt; 0.001), 34.1 versus 6.8% (P &lt; 0.001) and 64.8 versus 49.1% (P = 0.025), respectively]. The 5-year cumulative probability of survival was 23.2% for AKD patients, while it was 47.5% for patients with no AKD (log-rank test, P &lt; 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, AKD was independently associated with adverse renal outcomes {adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–4.1]; P &lt; 0.001} and long-term mortality [adjusted HR 1.51 (95% CI 1.0–2.2); P = 0.040].

Conclusions
AKD after septic AKI was independently associated with the risk of long-term need for dialysis and/or renal function decline and with the risk of death after hospital discharge.
Combined effect of anthropogenic noise and artificial night lighting negatively affect Western Bluebird chick development
Authors: Ferraro Danielle M , Le My-Lan T , Francis Clinton D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sensory pollutants such as anthropogenic noise and night lighting now expose much of the world to evolutionarily novel sound and night lighting conditions. An emerging body of literature has reported a variety of deleterious effects caused by these stimuli, spanning behavioral, physiological, population, and community-level responses. However, the combined influence of noise and light has received almost no attention despite the co-occurrence of these stimuli in many landscapes. Here we evaluated the singular and combined effects of these stimuli on Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana) reproductive success using a field-based manipulation. Nests exposed to noise and light together experienced less predation than control and light-exposed nests, and noise-exposed nests experienced less predation than control nests, yet overall nest success was only higher in noise-exposed nests compared to light-exposed nests. Although exposure to light decreased nestling body condition and evidence was mixed for the singular effects of noise or light on nestling size, those nestlings exposed to noise and light together were smaller across several metrics than nestlings in control nests. Our results support previous research on the singular effects of either stimuli, including potential benefits, such as reduced nest predation with noise exposure. However, our results also suggest that noise and light together can negatively affect some aspects of reproduction more strongly than either sensory pollutant alone. This finding is especially important given that these stimuli tend to covary and are projected to increase dramatically in the next several decades.
Sociodemographic and gender determinants of late-life suicide in users and non-users of antidepressants
Authors: Hedna Khedidja , Hensing Gunnel , Skoog Ingmar , Fastbom Johan , Waern Margda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of depression is a main strategy for suicide prevention in older adults. Our aim was to examine factors related to suicide in older adults (75+) with and without antidepressant (AD) therapy.MethodsA national population-based register study, including all Swedish residents aged ≥75 years between 2006 and 2014 (N = 1 413 806). A nested case–control design was used to investigate sociodemographic factors associated with suicide among users and non-users of ADs. Risk estimates were calculated in adjusted conditional logistic regression models for the entire cohort and by gender.ResultsIn all, 1305 individuals died by suicide (70% men). The suicide rate in men who used ADs was over four times higher than women with such treatment. Being unmarried was a risk factor for suicide in men but not in women. Being born outside of Nordic countries was associated with increased suicide risk; a 3-fold risk increase was observed in non-Nordic women without AD treatment. Lower suicide risk was observed in blue-collar women who used ADs, whereas a higher risk was found in blue-collar men who did not.ConclusionsOur differential findings on factors associated with suicide can offer clues for gender-specific preventive strategies that go beyond the healthcare sphere.