bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants and Anticorrosion of Mild Steel by Vanadium Modified Titanate Nanotubes (X%V‐TiNTs)
Authors: Ameur Nawal , Brahimi Fawzia Taieb , Bensaada Naima , Gouhas Halima , Ferouani Ghaniya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present work aims to study the anticorrosion and the photodegradation properties of titanate nanotubes (TiNTs) and vanadium doped‐titanate nanotubes (V‐TiNTs). Moreover, this article seeks to investigate the effect of doping TiNTs by vanadium species at different amount (2, 5 and 10 wt %). The raw materials (i.e:TiO2 and V2O5‐TiO2) are obtained by a sol gel process, while the hydrothermal treatment is chosen to achieve the hollow structure. The structural evolutions and morphological characteristics of materials have performed using various techniques such as: Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X‐ray (MEB/EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐Visible in Reflection Diffuse spectroscopy (RD/UV‐Vis) and Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. However, the anticorrosion properties of the synthesized nanotubes are evaluated on mild steel corrosion in 1 N HCl using a weight loss method. All materials showed a potential inhibitor effect (up to 90 %) depending on the vanadium percentage and the inhibitor concentration. The photodegradation activity of the prepared materials is evaluated in the photodegradation of two organic pollutants: Methylene Blue (MB) and Malachite Green (MG) under UV‐Visible irradiation. The obtained results underlined the improvement of photocatalytic activity of TiNTs by vanadium species. A conversion rate up to 96 % is achieved at reduced time. Therefore, the prepared materials could be suitable for the anticorrosion of mild steel and the photodegradation of organic pollutants.
Boosting Activity and Selectivity of CO2 Electroreduction by Pre‐Hydridizing Pd Nanocubes
Authors: Chang Qiaowan , Kim Jeonghyeon , Lee Ji Hoon , Kattel Shyam , Chen Jingguang G. , Choi Sang‐Il , Chen Zheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to syngas represents a promising solution to mitigate CO2 emissions and manufacture value‐added chemicals. Palladium (Pd) has been identified as a potential candidate for syngas production via CO2RR due to its transformation to Pd hydride under CO2RR conditions, however, the pre‐hydridized effect on the catalytic properties of Pd‐based electrocatalysts has not been investigated. Herein, pre‐hydridized Pd nanocubes (PdH0.40) supported on carbon black (PdH0.40 NCs/C) are directly prepared from a chemical reduction method. Compared with Pd nanocubes (Pd NCs/C), PdH0.40 NCs/C presented an enhanced CO2RR performance due to its less cathodic phase transformation revealed by the in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations revealed different binding energies of key reaction intermediates on PdH0.40 NCs/C and Pd NCs/C. Study of the size effect further suggests that NCs of smaller sizes show higher activity due to their more abundant active sites (edge and corner sites) for CO2RR. The pre‐hydridization and reduced NC size together lead to significantly improved activity and selectivity of CO2RR.
1D to 2D Transition in Tellurium Observed by 4D Electron Microscopy
Authors: Londoño‐Calderon Alejandra , Williams Darrick J. , Ophus Colin , Pettes Michael T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new microwave‐enhanced synthesis method for the production of tellurium nanostructures is reported—with control over products from the 1D regime (sub‐5 nm diameter nanowires), to nanoribbons, to the 2D tellurene regime—along with a new methodology for local statistical quantification of the crystallographic parameters of these materials at the nanometer scale. Using a direct electron detector and image‐corrected microscope, large and robust 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy datasets for accurate structural analysis are obtained. These datasets allow the adaptation of quantitative techniques originally developed for X‐ray diffraction (XRD) refinement analyses to transmission electron microscopy, enabling the first demonstration of sub‐picometer accuracy lattice parameter extraction while also obtaining both the size of the coherent crystallite domains and the nanostrain, which is observed to decrease as nanowires transition to tellurene. This new local analysis is commensurate with global powder XRD results, indicating the robustness of both the new synthesis approach and new structural analysis methodology for future scalable production of 2D tellurene and characterization of nanomaterials.
Multimedia resources as a support for requirements engineering and software maintenance
Authors: Santos Anne Caroline Melo , Júnior Methanias Colaço , de Carvalho Andrade Edna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTextual documentations are frequently used in the software development process to outline features and behaviors of an application. For some people, textual descriptions may not be enough to understand what is being developed. In this scenario, multimedia resources appear as an option for software documentation, providing other ways to observe and interpret information.ObjectiveTo identify and characterize the approaches and techniques which promote the use of multimedia in requirements engineering (RE) to support software development and maintenance.MethodA systematic mapping was conducted to find the primary studies in the literature and collect evidence for directing future research.ResultsOnly 27.66% of the approaches found validated their solutions through controlled experiments, showing the need to increase the use of scientific method in this area, with replications of studies that will allow to evaluating if other researchers independently will come up with the same results. In this context, the approaches/techniques identified were TRECE, MURMER, Wiki System Multimedia, Storytelling, Virtual World Environment, VisionCatcher, PRESTO4U, ReqVidA, CrowdRE, AVW, The Software Cinema Technique, Dolli Project, UTOPIA, and approaches without explicit names, which, as a rule, use multimedia resources as an additional support.ConclusionsThere was a favorable consensus regarding the use of multimedia in RE. The selected studies demonstrated to be favorable to the adoption of media to persist and store the requirements of a system. Moreover, multimedia resources can improve the process of understanding the code and decrease evolution and maintenance costs.General terms are design, documentation, experimentation, human factors, multimedia, reliability, software engineering, verification, and security.
Mass irregularity effect on seismic response of moment‐resisting steel frame by nonlinear time history analysis using force analogy method
Authors: Ningthoukhongjam Sukumar Singh , Singh Konjengbam Darunkumar 
Published: November 2020

SummaryNonlinear time history analysis (NTHA) is widely considered to be the most accurate and robust method of seismic analysis and, when performed with force analogy method (FAM), can result in significant reduction in computational time, as compared to the conventional displacement‐based finite element (FE) solution technique. Taking this advantage of efficient FAM, this paper investigates the effects of location (along building height) and intensity (150–225%) of single‐floor mass irregularity on seismic response of mid‐rise moment‐resisting steel frames. Three building heights (6, 8, and 10 storeys) have been considered, and the analysis results are presented in the form of floor displacements, storey drift ratio, and plastic energy dissipation. Based on the analysis, it has been observed that critical location (for the maximum seismic response) of mass‐irregular floor corresponds to the level that exhibited the maximum seismic response (i.e., storey drift ratio) in the reference mass‐regular frame. Further, criticality of the irregular frame to seismic excitation has been found to decrease when mass‐irregular floor moves towards the top of the building. The criticality of the irregular frame has been found to increase with the increase in mass‐irregular intensity. Collapse of the irregular frame has been seen to initial first near the storey level where mass‐irregular floor is located.
Applications of Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution in Total Synthesis of Natural Products: An Update
Authors: Mohammadkhani Leyla , Heravi Majid M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution (AAS) reaction is one of the most synthetically useful reactions catalyzed by metal complexes for the formation of carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds. It comprises the substitution of allylic substrates with a wide range of nucleophiles or SN2′‐type allylic substitution, which results in the formation of the above‐mentioned bonds with high levels of enantioselective induction. AAS reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups, thus has been successfully applied in the asymmetric synthesis of a wide range of optically pure compounds. This reaction has been extensively used in the total synthesis of several complex molecules, especially natural products. In this review, we try to highlight the applications of metal (Pd, Ir, Mo, or Cu)‐catalyzed AAS reaction in the total synthesis of the biologically active natural products, as a key step, updating the subject from 2003 till date.
Climate change and freshwater ecology: Hydrological and ecological methods of comparable complexity are needed to predict risk
Authors: John Andrew , Horne Avril , Nathan Rory , Stewardson Michael , Webb J. Angus , Wang Jun , Poff N. LeRoy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany freshwater ecosystems are in decline because of anthropogenic disturbance including climate change, yet our understanding of ecological vulnerability to future conditions including climatic variation is limited. Understanding climate risks to freshwater ecosystems requires combining hydrological and ecological knowledge. While there have been significant advances in ecohydrological approaches when applied within the large array of methods available for undertaking impact assessments, the ecological and hydrological elements are often not well‐integrated. This results in a mismatch in their ability to accommodate the inherent uncertainty in both impacts and responses. We examine published literature that assesses climate change impacts on freshwater ecosystems using both hydrological and ecological models to better understand method choices. We identify four fundamentally distinct modeling approaches used to assess climate change risk. We discuss which approaches are less useful for predicting ecological impacts under climate change, and highlight approaches of comparable complexity that can maximize the utility of dynamic, process‐based modeling while capturing the effects of climate uncertainty and variability. Using an illustrative case study of riparian vegetation health under climate change, we show how the four alternate modeling approaches feature different degrees of information in their outcomes and inferences about future risk. Most current studies that examine climate change risks to freshwater ecosystems use simplified methods or inadequately combine key elements. However, unless the interactions between changing hydrologic variability and ecological responses are explicitly captured in scale‐sensitive modeling methods, the risks of climate change to freshwater ecosystems will likely be substantially misrepresented, with negative consequences for effective management responses. Capturing these interactions requires combining ecological and hydrological methods of comparable complexity.This article is categorized under:
Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Modeling Species and Community Interactions
Charm physics confronts high-pT lepton tails
Authors: Fuentes-Martín Javier , Greljo Admir , Camalich Jorge Martin , Ruiz-Alvarez José David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present a systematic survey of possible short-distance new-physics effects in (semi)leptonic charged- and neutral-current charmed meson decays. Using the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) to analyze the most relevant experimental data at low and high energies, we demonstrate a striking complementarity between charm decays and high invariant mass lepton tails at the LHC. Interestingly enough, high-pT Drell-Yan data offer competitive constraints on most new physics scenarios. Furthermore, the full set of correlated constraints from K, π and τ decays imposed by SU(2)L gauge invariance is considered. The bounds from D(s) decays, high-pT lepton tails and SU(2)L relations chart the space of the SMEFT affecting semi(leptonic) charm flavor transitions.
miR-146a regulates insulin sensitivity via NPR3
Authors: Roos Julian , Dahlhaus Meike , Funcke Jan-Bernd , Kustermann Monika , Strauss Gudrun , Halbgebauer Daniel , Boldrin Elena , Holzmann Karlheinz , Möller Peter , Trojanowski Bernadette M. , Baumann Bernd , Debatin Klaus-Michael , Wabitsch Martin , Fischer-Posovszky Pamela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic diseases has been linked to the inflammation of white adipose tissue (WAT), but the molecular interconnections are still not fully understood. MiR-146a controls inflammatory processes by suppressing pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of miR-146a in obesity and insulin resistance. MiR-146a−/− mice were subjected to a high-fat diet followed by metabolic tests and WAT transcriptomics. Gain- and loss-of-function studies were performed using human Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes. Compared to controls, miR-146a−/− mice gained significantly more body weight on a high-fat diet with increased fat mass and adipocyte hypertrophy. This was accompanied by exacerbated liver steatosis, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Likewise, adipocytes transfected with an inhibitor of miR-146a displayed a decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, while transfecting miR-146a mimics caused the opposite effect. Natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (NPR3) was identified as a direct target gene of miR-146a in adipocytes and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of NPR3 increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and enhanced de novo lipogenesis. In summary, miR-146a regulates systemic and adipocyte insulin sensitivity via downregulation of NPR3.
Dissecting the non-neuronal cell contribution to Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis using induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Pons-Espinal Meritxell , Blasco-Agell Lucas , Consiglio Antonella 
Published: November 2020

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is an incurable age-linked neurodegenerative disease with characteristic movement impairments that are caused by the progressive loss of dopamine-containing neurons (DAn) within the substantia nigra pars compacta. It has been suggested that misfolded protein aggregates together with neuroinflammation and glial reactivity, may impact nerve cell function, leading to neurodegeneration and diseases, such as PD. However, not many studies have been able to examine the role of human glial cells in the pathogenesis of PD. With the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, it is now possible to reprogram human somatic cells to pluripotency and to generate viable human patient-specific DA neurons and glial cells, providing a tremendous opportunity for dissecting cellular and molecular pathological mechanisms occurring at early stages of PD. This reviews will report on recent work using human iPSC and 3D brain organoid models showing that iPSC technology can be used to recapitulate PD-relevant disease-associated phenotypes, including protein aggregation, cell death or loss of neurite complexity and deficient autophagic vacuoles clearance and focus on the recent co-culture systems that are revealing new insights into the complex interactions that occur between different brain cell types during neurodegeneration. Consequently, such advances are the key to improve our understanding of PD pathology and generate potential targets for new therapies aimed at curing PD patients.
A Note on the $$L^p$$ Integrability of a Class of Bochner–Riesz Kernels
Authors: Wheeler Reuben 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor a general compact variety $$\Gamma $$
Γ
of arbitrary codimension, one can consider the $$L^p$$

L
p

mapping properties of the Bochner–Riesz multiplier $$\begin{aligned} m_{\Gamma , \alpha }(\zeta ) \ = \ \mathrm{dist}(\zeta , \Gamma )^{\alpha } \phi (\zeta ) \end{aligned}$$

m

Γ
,
α

(
ζ
)

=

dist

(
ζ
,
Γ
)

α

ϕ

(
ζ
)

where $$\alpha > 0$$

α
>
0

and $$\phi $$
ϕ
is an appropriate smooth cutoff function. Even for the sphere $$\Gamma = {{\mathbb {S}}}^{N-1}$$

Γ
=

S

N
-
1

, the exact $$L^p$$

L
p

boundedness range remains a central open problem in Euclidean harmonic analysis. In this paper we consider the $$L^p$$

L
p

integrability of the Bochner–Riesz convolution kernel for a particular class of varieties (of any codimension). For a subclass of these varieties the range of $$L^p$$

L
p

integrability of the kernels differs substantially from the $$L^p$$

L
p

boundedness range of the corresponding Bochner–Riesz multiplier operator.
All-inside arthroscopic modified Broström-Gould procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability with and without anterior talofibular ligament remnant repair produced similar functional results
Authors: Feng Shi-Ming , Maffulli Nicola , Ma Chao , Oliva Francesco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The Broström-Gould procedure, with the repair of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) combined with the transfer of the extensor retinaculum, is considered the gold standard procedure for the management of chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). Lateral ligament reconstruction is considered if the ATFL remnant quality is poor or the ATFL has been damaged beyond the ability to suture it. It remains unclear whether not repairing the ATFL remnant produces comparable functional outcomes to the classical Broström-Gould procedure.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 84 patients with CLAI undergoing either repair or non-repair of the ATFL remnant using an all-inside arthroscopic Broström-Gould procedure from 2015 to 2018. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, Karlsson Ankle Functional Score (KAFS), Anterior Talar Translation (ATT), Active Joint Position Sense (AJPS), and the rate of return to sports were compared in both groups.

Results
All the functional scores (VAS, AOFAS, KAFS, ATT, AJPS) significantly improved in both groups at 1 and 2 years after surgery. At all the follow-up time points, the VAS, AOFAS, KAFS, ATT, AJPS, and the rate of return to sport scores were comparable between the repair and non-repair group.

Conclusion
There are no statistically significant differences in postoperative outcomes between ATFL remnant repair and non-repair for the management of CLAI using the all-inside arthroscopic Broström-Gould procedure. From the clinical viewpoint, the present study shows that the potential differences in clinical outcomes between ATFL remnant repair and non-repair are likely not relevant when performing an all-inside arthroscopic Broström-Gould procedure for CLAI.

Level of evidence
III.
Uniqueness, stability and global convergence for a discrete inverse elliptic Robin transmission problem
Authors: Harrach Bastian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe derive a simple criterion that ensures uniqueness, Lipschitz stability and global convergence of Newton’s method for the finite dimensional zero-finding problem of a continuously differentiable, pointwise convex and monotonic function. Our criterion merely requires to evaluate the directional derivative of the forward function at finitely many evaluation points and for finitely many directions. We then demonstrate that this result can be used to prove uniqueness, stability and global convergence for an inverse coefficient problem with finitely many measurements. We consider the problem of determining an unknown inverse Robin transmission coefficient in an elliptic PDE. Using a relation to monotonicity and localized potentials techniques, we show that a piecewise-constant coefficient on an a-priori known partition with a-priori known bounds is uniquely determined by finitely many boundary measurements and that it can be uniquely and stably reconstructed by a globally convergent Newton iteration. We derive a constructive method to identify these boundary measurements, calculate the stability constant and give a numerical example.
Solution of second kind Fredholm integral equations by means of Gauss and anti-Gauss quadrature rules
Authors: Díaz de Alba Patricia , Fermo Luisa , Rodriguez Giuseppe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the numerical approximation of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. A Nyström method based on the anti-Gauss quadrature formula is developed and investigated in terms of stability and convergence in appropriate weighted spaces. The Nyström interpolants corresponding to the Gauss and the anti-Gauss quadrature rules are proved to furnish upper and lower bounds for the solution of the equation, under suitable assumptions which are easily verified for a particular weight function. Hence, an error estimate is available, and the accuracy of the solution can be improved by approximating it by an averaged Nyström interpolant. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated through different numerical tests.
Normal fat mass cannot be reliably estimated in typical pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Wasmann Roeland E. , Svensson Elin M. , Schalkwijk Stein J. , Brüggemann Roger J. , ter Heine Rob 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
An influential covariate for pharmacokinetics is (body) size. Recently, the method of estimation of normal fat mass (NFM) has been advocated. Here, the relative contribution of fat mass, estimated as a fraction fat (Ffat), is used to explain differences in pharmacokinetic parameters. This concept is more and more applied. However, it remains unclear whether NFM can be reliably estimated in these typical studies.

Methods
We performed an evaluation of the reliability of NFM estimation in a typical study size (n = 30), otherwise best-case scenario, by means of a pharmacokinetic simulation study. Several values of Ffat were investigated.

Results
In a typical pharmacokinetic study, high imprecision was observed for NFM parameter estimates over a range of scenarios. For example, in a scenario where the true value of Ffat on clearance was 0.5, we found a 95% confidence interval of − 0.1 to 2.1, demonstrating a low precision. The implications for practice are that one could conclude that fat-free mass best describes the relationship of the pharmacokinetics with body size, while the true relationship was between fat-free mass and total body weight. Consequently, this could lead to incorrect extrapolation of pharmacokinetics to extreme body sizes.

Conclusion
In typical pharmacokinetic studies, NFM should be used with caution because the Ffat estimates have low precision. The estimation of Ffat should always be preceded by careful study design evaluation before planning a study, to ensure that the design and sample size is sufficient to apply this potentially useful methodology.