bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Nitrogen‐doped Mo2C Nanoparticle‐in‐microflower Electrocatalyst: in Situ Synthesis and Efficient Hydrogen‐evolving Performance in Alkaline and Acidic Media
Authors: Sun Yongli , Peng Feifei , Zhang Luhong , Jiang Bin , Dou Haozhen , Zhang Na , Xu Mi , Yang Na 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHerein, a novel 6∼9 nm nitrogen‐doped Mo2C nanoparticles (Mo2C P) homogeneously decorated on 3D porous nitrogen‐doped Mo2C microflowers (Mo2C F) were prepared in situ to form 0D/3D Mo2C P/Mo2C F. This special structure combines the advantages of Mo2C P and porous Mo2C F to provide a high density of reaction sites and facilitate the diffusion of electrolyte and hydrogen. Mo2C P/Mo2C F exhibits excellent HER performance in both alkaline and acidic solutions. It only requires an overpotential of 96 and 118 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 (η10) in 1.0 M KOH and 0.5 M H2SO4, respectively. Moreover, it works better than commercial Pt/C at high current densities in 1.0 M KOH. The Tafel slopes are less than 50 mV/dec in both media, suggesting an obviously fast HER kinetics. Additionally, this study presents a universally applicable method to prepare MxC P/Mo2C F (M=Fe, Co, V) for different applications.
Electrodeposition of Tin onto Zinc for the Electrochemical Synthesis of Zn/Sn/Cu Precursor Stack for CZTS‐Based Photoconversion Devices
Authors: Panzeri Gabriele , Dell'Oro Ruben , Castelli Francesco , Rossetti Arianna , Rossi Filippo , Magagnin Luca 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, the synthesis of a Mo(sub)/Zn/Sn/Cu metallic stack through electrodeposition is achieved by using an ethylene‐glycol‐based solution designed to deposit Sn onto a Mo/Zn substrate. The displacement reaction with zinc is minimized through the formation of complexes with diethanolamine. A correlation between the electrochemical behavior of Sn(II) species and the reactivity of zinc upon immersion in the tin plating bath is shown. Morphological and compositional characterization is carried out on the Zn/Sn/Cu stack at the different synthesis steps. Reactive annealing is carried out to convert the metallic precursor into CZTS with a minor presence of secondary phases. The resulting CZTS/CdS/Pt photoelectrode shows a photocurrent density of −5.73 mA cm−2 at 0 V vs RHE under 1 sun (AM 1.5 G). This study demonstrates how the chemistry of the plating bath is crucial for the deposition of thin films onto reactive substrates, reducing the technological gap with vacuum‐based deposition methods.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytomorphology of papillary thyroid carcinoma with NTRK gene rearrangement from a case series with predominantly indeterminate cytology
Authors: Abi‐Raad Rita , Prasad Manju L. , Adeniran Adebowale J. , Cai Guoping 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundNeurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTRK) rearrangement has been reported in a subset of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cases. Little is known about the cytomorphologic features of NTRK‐rearranged PTC.MethodsWe report an institutional series of 13 fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens of NTRK‐rearranged PTC with a predominantly indeterminate cytology diagnosis. NTRK3 or NTRK1 rearrangements were detected on FNA or surgical specimens by next‐generation sequencing.ResultsThe 13 patients had a median age of 18 years; 10 patients were female and 3 patients were male. In 10 (77%) cases, cytology was indeterminate, and histopathologic follow‐up was predominantly the follicular variant of PTC (n = 8 [62%]), mostly infiltrative subtype. Of 12 FNA specimens available for review, a predominant loosely cohesive group pattern was the most commonly encountered architectural pattern (n = 5 [41%]), followed by single cell (n = 3 [25%]), thick cord (n = 2 [17%]), and microfollicular pattern (n = 2 [17%]). Background lymphocytic thyroiditis was observed in 9 cases. At the cellular level, the cytoplasm was moderate and granular, occasionally vacuolated. Classic PTC nuclear features (eg, nuclear enlargement, elongation, grooves, and nuclear membrane irregularity) were present but were often focal and subtle. Chromatin was often granular. Intranuclear pseudoinclusions were absent or rare.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that most cases of NTRK rearrangement lack classic PTC cytomorphologic characteristics. Loosely cohesive groups and single cells with granular, sometimes vacuolated cytoplasm and subtle nuclear features are often seen on FNA specimens. Recognizing these characteristics may be helpful to preoperatively prompt molecular testing, including NTRK rearrangement analysis.
Recent Advances in Phosphorus‐Coordinated Transition Metal Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Ning Fengzhi , Wan Xin , Liu Xiaofang , Yu Ronghai , Shui Jianglan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCarbon‐supported heteroatom‐coordinated metal single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are promising electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to their low cost and tunable catalytic activity. Adjusting the electronic structure of the active center is an effective way to improve the activity of SACs. Compared with the intensively studied nitrogen‐coordinated transition metal atoms (e. g. Fe, Co and Mn), phosphorus‐coordinated and nitrogen‐phosphorus dual‐coordinated ones exhibit different electronic structures, which changes the reaction energy barrier and enhances the catalytic activity. This review summarizes recent advances in phosphorus coordination SACs for ORR in terms of theoretical study, site structure determination, synthesis method and catalytic activity. Further research is called for to explore the precise synthesis of phosphorus coordination SACs in a controllable manner and check the SACs under actual working conditions.
Multiattribute approximate nearest neighbor search based on navigable small world graph
Authors: Xu Xiaoliang , Li Chang , Wang Yuxiang , Xia Yixing 
Published: September 2020

SummaryApproximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is widely employed to find the most similar data efficiently from a large‐scale dataset. The key of ANNS is to construct an effective index to prune the search space and retrieve the approximate data rather than the exact one in a very short time. Most of the existing ANNS methods only adopt the distance metric to build an index, which cannot support multiattribute ANNS. In this article, we present a novel approach for multiattribute ANNS based on navigable small world (NSW) graph, called MA‐NSW. Given a dataset, MA‐NSW (i) builds a proximity subgraph overlay for each multiattribute combination, and integrates all overlays to a hierarchical index, (ii) adopts a navigation tree to access related subgraph overlay and prune unrelated overlays, and (iii) gets nearest neighbor results from the related overlays by greedy search. MA‐NSW guarantees efficiency and it is defined in terms of arbitrary metric spaces (eg, Euclidean distance and cosine similarity). Performance evaluation has demonstrated that the proposed approach shows superior performance in multiattribute ANNS.
The role of data management in the Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: AlSuwaidan Lulwah 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe rapid development of Internet technology, networking, and emergence technologies has deeply impacted manufacturing. Moreover, the massive data being generated have increased tremendously. All of these factors have supported the transformation of the traditional manufacturing paradigm toward smart manufacturing. At present, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is an underlying platform for various smart manufacturers seeking an effective and powerful structure. Oil and gas is an industry affected by this transformation. This article discusses the role of data management in supporting the IIoT and smart manufacturing. It also proposes a taxonomy that classifies and categorizes the pillars of data management in the IIoT. It includes the basis of important parameters such as data sources, machine learning, performance management, business intelligent, and big data. In order to measure the role of data management in the IIoT, we consider Saudi Arabia as a case study for the IIoT, and review and explore the current challenges and potential future solutions. In addition, we propose an Internet of Things (IoT)‐based reliable architecture for monitoring the flow of operations in the oil and gas industry.
Synthetic Chemical Systems Involving Self‐Catalytic Reactions of Helicene Oligomer Foldamers
Authors: Sawato Tsukasa , Yamaguchi Masahiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSelf‐catalysis is defined as catalysis by a product of a chemical reaction, that causes a significant increase in reaction rate in terms of the progress of the reaction. When a self‐catalytic reaction is involved in a reversible nonequilibrium‐to‐equilibrium chemical reaction, notable kinetic phenomena appear including sigmoidal kinetics, the seeding effect, thermal hysteresis, and chiral symmetry breaking. The nature of self‐catalytic reactions is characterized by microscopic mechanisms involving pathways of molecular structural changes and by macroscopic mechanisms involving molecular flux. Reversible self‐catalytic reactions, which exhibit notably high sensitivity to environmental changes, are also observed. In this Review, reversible self‐catalytic reactions of helicene oligomer foldamers during formation of homo‐ and hetero‐double‐helices are discussed, which exhibit the properties outlined above.
Participation of hotel managers in CSR activities in developing countries: A defining role of CSR orientation, CSR competencies, and CSR commitment
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Majid Abdul , Yasir Muhammad , Qudratullah Hassan , Ullah Raza , Khattak Amira 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current study examines the influence of CSR orientation and CSR competencies of hotel managers on their CSR participation. Moreover, the mediating role of CSR commitment in the connection between CSR orientation, CSR competencies and CSR participation has also been tested. Data from 324 CEOs (chief executive officers), finance manager, policy makers, and managing directors of 4 stars and 5 stars hotels were collected. Results reveal that CSR orientation and CSR competencies positively predict CSR commitment. Moreover, CSR commitment significantly predicts the CSR participation. The findings of the study also confirm that CSR commitment mediates the relationships between CSR orientation and CSR participation and CSR competencies and CSR participation. The results of the study suggest that managers having control on organizational resources can positively contribute towards CSR activities and successfully respond to the demands of various shareholders by focusing on societal and environmental issues.
Light‐Mediated Carboxylation Using Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Fan Zhengning , Zhang Zeyu , Xi Chanjuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCarbon dioxide is a green and sustainable one‐carbon source, which could be utilized in the production of various fine chemicals. In recent studies, the light‐mediated carboxylation employing CO2 has received considerable attention. The photocarboxylation of substrates with CO2 to build novel C−C bonds is introduced in this Minireview. The article is arranged based on the light‐driven reactive intermediates, including CO2 radical anion, substrate radical anions, carbanions, and M−C species. Most of the cases are under the topic of photoredox catalysis, with single electron transfer as the main driving force. Some non‐catalytic examples are also discussed to provide more mechanistic insights.
Fast and furious: Early differences in growth rate drive short‐term plant dominance and exclusion under eutrophication
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Hefting Mariet M. , Soons Merel B. , Kowalchuk George A. , Rees Mark , Hector Andy , Turnbull Lindsay A. , Zhou Xiaolong , Guo Zhi , Chu Chengjing , Du Guozhen , Hautier Yann 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The reduction of plant diversity following eutrophication threatens many ecosystems worldwide. Yet, the mechanisms by which species are lost following nutrient enrichment are still not completely understood, nor are the details of when such mechanisms act during the growing season, which hampers understanding and the development of mitigation strategies.
Using a common garden competition experiment, we found that early‐season differences in growth rates among five perennial grass species measured in monoculture predicted short‐term competitive dominance in pairwise combinations and that the proportion of variance explained was particularly greater under a fertilization treatment.
We also examined the role of early‐season growth rate in determining the outcome of competition along an experimental nutrient gradient in an alpine meadow. Early differences in growth rate between species predicted short‐term competitive dominance under both ambient and fertilized conditions and competitive exclusion under fertilized conditions.
The results of these two studies suggest that plant species growing faster during the early stage of the growing season gain a competitive advantage over species that initially grow more slowly, and that this advantage is magnified under fertilization. This finding is consistent with the theory of asymmetric competition for light in which fast‐growing species can intercept incident light and hence outcompete and exclude slower‐growing (and hence shorter) species. We predict that the current chronic nutrient inputs into many terrestrial ecosystems worldwide will reduce plant diversity and maintain a low biodiversity state by continuously favoring fast‐growing species. Biodiversity management strategies should focus on controlling nutrient inputs and reducing the growth of fast‐growing species early in the season.
A cultural framework for Indigenous, Local, and Science knowledge systems in ecology and natural resource management
Authors: Varghese Jeji , Crawford Stephen S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe relationship between Indigenous, Local, and Science knowledge systems has been the subject of much debate over the past few decades, especially in ecology and natural resource management. In this monograph, we review available scholarship to develop a pragmatic framework for representation of knowledge systems in general, with specific emphasis on productive engagement between individuals from different communities and cultures. We distill operational definitions/explanations of fundamental concepts associated with data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. With these concepts clarified, we reconsider previous applications of sociocultural knowledge system thinking, focusing on system structure and function. Our analysis leads to convergence on a set of fundamental knowledge system processes and actor roles that have emerged repeatedly across many of the scholarly disciplines. We embed these key concepts within a general framework for operational characterization of sociocultural knowledge systems. In order to demonstrate existing and potential applications of the knowledge system framework, we present and discuss major trends in recent ecology and natural resource management literature. Finally, we propose that continued and collaborative development of this general framework can serve as a pragmatic tool for individuals from Indigenous, Local, and Science knowledge systems who wish to engage in reciprocal and meaningful dialogue with members of other knowledge systems, especially regarding the highly uncertain global future of ecology and natural resource management.
Epidemiology of heart failure: Study of Heart failure in the Australian Primary carE setting (SHAPE)
Authors: Liew Danny , Audehm Ralph G. , Haikerwal Deepak , Piazza Peter , Neville A. Munro , Lim Kevin , Parsons Richard W. , Sindone Andrew P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsAt present, there is no robust information on the prevalence and incidence of heart failure (HF) in the general Australian community. The present study of primary care data sought to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HF in the community and to describe the demographic and clinical profile of Australians with HF.Methods and resultsWe undertook a retrospective cohort study based on analysis of anonymized medical records of adult patients cared for at 43 Australian general practices between 1 July 2013 and 30 June 2018. Data were extracted from coded and uncoded fields in electronic medical records. The prevalence and annual incidence of HF were calculated, along with 95% confidence intervals, using the ‘active’ population of people who were regular attenders at the practices. Age‐standardized estimates were also derived using the 2017 Australian population as reference. The mean age of the population with HF was 69.8 years, 50.6% were female, and mean body mass index was 31.2 kg/m2. The age‐standardized prevalence was 2.199% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.168–2.23%], and the age‐standardized annual incidence was 0.348% (95% CI: 0.342–0.354%). These estimates accord with almost 420 000 people living with HF in Australia in 2017, and >66 000 new cases of HF occurring that year. Only 18.9% of patients with definite HF had this formally captured as a ‘diagnosis’ in their medical record. HF was more frequent among those of lower socio‐economic status.ConclusionsHF is common in Australia. The majority of HF patients do not have this diagnosis optimally noted in their primary care medical records.
Peritoneal dialysate‐range hypertonic glucose promotes T‐cell IL‐17 production that induces mesothelial inflammation
Authors: Helmke Alexandra , Hüsing Anne M. , Gaedcke Svenja , Brauns Nicolas , Balzer Michael S. , Reinhardt Martin , Hiss Marcus , Shushakova Nelli , de Luca David , Prinz Immo , Haller Hermann , von Vietinghoff Sibylle 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPeritoneal dialysis (PD) employs hypertonic glucose to remove excess water and uremic waste. Peritoneal membrane failure limits its long‐term use. T‐cell cytokines promote this decline. T‐cell differentiation is critically determined by the microenvironment. We here study how PD‐range hypertonic glucose regulates T‐cell polarization and IL‐17 production.In the human peritoneal cavity, CD3+ cell numbers increased in PD. Single cell RNA sequencing detected expression of T helper (Th) 17 signature genes RORC and IL23R. In vitro, PD‐range glucose stimulated spontaneous and amplified cytokine‐induced Th17 polarization. Osmotic controls l‐glucose and d‐mannose demonstrate that induction of IL‐17A is a substance‐independent, tonicity dose‐dependent process. PD‐range glucose upregulated glycolysis and increased the proportion of dysfunctional mitochondria. Blockade of reactive‐oxygen species (ROS) prevented IL‐17A induction in response to PD‐range glucose. Peritoneal mesothelium cultured with IL‐17A or IL17F produced pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6, CCL2, and CX3CL1. In PD patients, peritoneal IL‐17A positively correlated with CX3CL1 concentrations. PD‐range glucose‐stimulated, but neither identically treated Il17a−/−Il17f−/− nor T cells cultured with the ROS scavenger N‐acetylcysteine enhanced mesothelial CX3CL1 expression.Our data delineate PD‐range hypertonic glucose as a novel inducer of Th17 polarization in a mitochondrial‐ROS‐dependent manner. Modulation of tonicity‐mediated effects of PD solutions may improve membrane survival.
Nickel Selenide Quantum Dot Applications in Electrocatalysis and Sensors
Authors: Tito Ginny S. , Abolanle Adekunle S. , Kuvarega Alex T. , Idris Azeez O. , Mamba Bhekie B. , Feleni Usisipho 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs) are semiconducting materials with diameters ranging from 2–10 nm. Amongst these QDs, nickel selenide quantum dot (NiSeQD) materials have gained much interest from researchers over the past few years due to their outstanding properties. These include excellent catalytic activity, good electrical conductivity for charge transfer, and excellent thermodynamic stability. NiSeQD material is relatively cheap, less toxic, and can be synthesised easily. Due to the fascinating and remarkable properties of NiSeQD, the material has been applied in various electrochemical fields, including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and solar cells. This review focuses on the application of NiSeQD and its composites in the various analytical fields in the search for alternative renewable sources of energy. Interestingly, NiSeQD material can be modified with different materials to improve its sensitivity, reactivity, and limit of detection. The effects of modification with other materials such as iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and graphene (GN) are mentioned. Additionally, the application of NiSeQD in glucose sensing is discussed briefly. In these aforementioned applications, NiSeQD has shown excellent electrocatalytic capability with satisfactory detection limits and good conductivity. Thus, further exploration of it to other fields is essential. This review highlights the importance of NiSeQD in water purification, and no report has been documented in the literature on its application in water purification. Some gaps are still open for the use of NiSeQD material as an electroactive platform for sensing devices in water treatment.
Recent advances in wearable textile‐based triboelectric generator systems for energy harvesting from human motion
Authors: Yang Bao , Xiong Ying , Ma Kitming , Liu Shirui , Tao Xiaoming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLarge‐area, flexible, and light‐weight textile‐based triboelectric generator (TTEG) technologies are promising power supplier by harvesting energy from human motions, wind, and water current. Numerous TTEG systems have been demonstrated. However, the challenges in their applications include the low electric output power, failure under wearing conditions, and adverse effects on the wearable performance like comfort and durability. What is the influence of system integration on the output performance of the TTEGs? What kinds of textile‐structures have the most promising performance? How to make an effective TTEG system? In an attempt to answer these important questions, a critical review is presented on the recent advances of wearable TTEG systems in terms of textile structures, selection of materials, working modes, mechanisms of triboelectrification and charge transfer, energy storage, and their integrations. Furthermore, the major approaches or directions for improving the total conversion efficiency and performance of wearable TTEG systems are systematically summarized.image
Synthesis and characterization of activated carbon derived fromTectona grandissawdust via green route
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Mishra Vishal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh quality activated carbon was successfully produced fromTectona grandissawdust by chemical activation using potassium chloride and sodium thiosulphate in a ratio of 1:1.5:1. Surface characterization of sawdust and activated carbon showed the presence of several functional groups such as hydroxyl, ketones, phenols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and aryl halide together with the heterogeneous surface and extensive porous network as depicted by morphological characterization. It was found that the per cent yield by mass ofTectona grandissawdust was 52% (SD±0.41%). The content of fixed carbon (67.3%) and volatile matter (13.7%) inT. grandissawdust signifies the ease with which it can be ignited and oxidized. The x‐ray diffraction analysis of activated carbon prepared fromT. grandissawdust indicated amorphous behavior of activated carbon. In the present work, activated carbon possesses 8.76 pH zero‐point charge, 1270 m2/g BET surface area, 0.673 cm3/g total pore volume and 0.42 g/cm3bulk density.