bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing laser triangulation displacement sensor of 3D positioning and posture using COA Based BPNN
Authors: Selami Yassine , Lv Na , Tao Wei , Yang Hongwei , Zhao Hui 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA)-based back propagation neural network (BPNN) to reduce the effect of the nonlinearities presented in laser triangulation displacement sensors. The 3D positioning and posture sensor allows access to the third dimension through depth measurement; the performance of the sensor varies according to the level of nonlinearities presented in the system, which leads to inaccuracies in measurement.

Design/methodology/approach
While applying optimization approach, the mathematical model and the relationship between the key parameters in the laser triangulation ranging and the indexes of the measuring system were analyzed.

Findings
Based on the performance of the parametric optimization method, the measurement repeatability reached 0.5 µm with an STD value within 0.17 µm, an expanded uncertainty of measurement was within 5 µm, the angle error variation of the object’s rotational plane was within 0.031 degrees and nonlinearity was recorded within 0.006 per cent in a full scale. The proposed approach reduced the effect of the nonlinearity presented in the sensor. Thus, the accuracy and speed of the sensor were greatly increased. The specifications of the optimized sensor meet the requirements for high-accuracy devices and allow wide range of industrial application.

Originality/value
In this paper, COA-based BPNN is proposed for laser triangulation displacement sensor optimization, on the basis of the mathematical model, clarifying the working space and working angle on the measurement system.
Genotype and phenotype analysis of patients with pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis, especially wild‐type KIT patients
Authors: Arase Noriko , Wataya‐Kaneda Mari , Murota Hiroyuki , Nakagawa Yukinobu , Yamaoka Toshifumi , Itoi‐Ochi Saori , Hirayasu Kouyuki , Arase Hisashi , Fujimoto Manabu , Katayama Ichiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPediatric cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) is mainly attributed to gain‐of‐function mutations in KIT in mast cells. On the other hand, growing evidence suggests that CM patients exist without KIT mutations. To date, the association between the KIT mutation status and clinical phenotype has not been elucidated in pediatric CM, especially in patients with wild‐type KIT. Nevertheless, genetic analysis has yet to be performed with whole KIT sequence of mast cells in Japanese patients with pediatric CM. In the present study, 11 Japanese patients with pediatric CM were analyzed to determine whether they had KIT mutations in their skin, and their clinical phenotypes were observed. The approximate frequency of patients with KIT mutation and that of wild‐type KIT was almost consistent with the European analysis. The distribution of overall macules was similar between the patients with and without KIT mutations.
Assessing speech at three years of age in the cleft palate population: a scoping review of assessment practices
Authors: Fitzpatrick Beth , Coad Jane , Sell Debbie , Rihtman Tanya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is no consensus in the UK regarding the types of speech samples or parameters of speech that should be assessed at 3 years of age in children with cleft palate ± cleft lip (CP±L), despite cleft units routinely assessing speech at this age. The standardization of assessment practices would facilitate comparisons of outcomes across UK cleft units; earlier identification of speech impairments—which could support more timely treatments; and more reliable recording of therapy impacts and surgical interventions.AimsTo explore assessment practices used to assess speech in 3‐year‐old children with CP±L, including speech parameters, methods of assessment and the nature of the speech sample used.Methods & ProceduresA broad examination of the literature was undertaken through the use of a scoping review conducted in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Search terms were generated from a preliminary search and then used in the main search (Medline, CINAHL, Embase, AMED and PsycINFO).Main ContributionA combination of approaches (medical, linguistic, developmental and functional) is required to assess CP±L speech at age 3. A developmental approach is recommended at this age, considering the complexity of speech profiles at age 3, in which typically developing speech processes may occur alongside cleft speech characteristics. A combined measure for both nasal emission and turbulence, and an overall measure for velopharyngeal function for speech, show potential for assessment at this age. Categorical ordinal scales are frequently used; the use of continuous scales has yet to be fully explored at age 3. Although single‐word assessments, including a subset of words developed for cross‐linguistic comparisons, are frequently used, more than one type of speech sample may be needed to assess speech at this age validly. The lack of consensus regarding speech samples highlights a need for further research into the types of speech samples 3‐year‐olds can complete; the impact of incomplete speech samples on outcome measures (particularly relevant at this age when children may be less able to complete a full sample); the impact of different speech samples on the validity of assessments; and the reliability of listener judgements.Conclusions & ImplicationsWhilst a medical model and linguistic approaches are often central in assessments of age‐3 cleft speech, this review highlights the importance of developmental and functional approaches to assessment. Cross‐linguistic single‐word assessments show potential, and would facilitate the comparison of UK speech outcomes with other countries. Further research should explore the impact of different speech samples and rating scales on assessment validity and listener reliability.
The extreme plant‐growth‐promoting properties ofPantoea phytobeneficialisMSR2 revealed by functional and genomic analysis
Authors: Nascimento Francisco X. , Hernandez Anabel G. , Glick Bernard R. , Rossi Márcio J. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryNumerousPantoeastrains are important because of the benefit they provide in the facilitation of plant growth. However,Pantoeahave a high level of genotypic diversity and not much is understood regarding their ability to function in a plant beneficial manner. In the work reported here, the plant growth promotion activities and the genomic properties of the unusualPantoea phytobeneficialisMSR2 are elaborated, emphasizing the genetic mechanisms involved in plant colonization and growth promotion. Detailed analysis revealed that strain MSR2 belongs to a rare group ofPantoeastrains possessing an astonishing number of plant growth promotion genes, including those involved in nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid deaminase activity, indoleacetic acid and cytokinin biosynthesis, and jasmonic acid metabolism. Moreover, the genome of this bacterium also contains genes involved in the metabolism of lignin and other plant cell wall compounds, quorum‐sensing mechanisms, metabolism of plant root exudates, bacterial attachment to plant surfaces and resistance to plant defences. Importantly, the analysis revealed that most of these genes are present on accessory plasmids that are found within a small subset ofPantoeagenomes, reinforcing the idea thatPantoeaevolution is largely mediated by plasmids, providing new insights into the evolution of beneficial plant‐associatedPantoea.
It Ain't Necessarily So: A Legal Realist Perspective on the Law of Agency Work
Authors: Paz‐Fuchs Amir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnalysis of UK employment and labour law is often characterised by a curious dissonance. The overarching narrative mandates that labour law is a countervailing force to the inequality of bargaining power, embedded with values and assumptions concerning the nature of employment relations and the role of labour law. And yet, labour law jurisprudence tends to treat with respect, and seeks to decipher, abstract statutory concepts and tests derived from judicial pronouncements as if they were, indeed, a ‘brooding omnipresence in the sky’. This paper seeks to bridge that gap, by offering a legal realist account of the legal doctrine that governs the employment of agency workers, focusing on the ‘necessity’ and ‘sham’ tests. It assesses the legitimacy of importing legal tests from one (commercial) context to another (employment) context; questions the courts’ protestations that their use is mandated by precedent; and outlines the real implications for the status and rights of agency workers in the UK.
Desalted duck egg white peptides promoted osteogenesis via wnt/β‐catenin signal pathway
Authors: Guo Danjun , He Hui , Zhao Mengge , Zhang Guoqing , Hou Tao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOsteoporosis is a degenerative disease that threatens bone health of the elderly (especially postmenopausal women). Since osteoporosis is important to prevent, the aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of desalted duck egg white peptides (DPs) on osteoporosis. In this study, the effects of DPs on bone formation were evaluated using MC3T3‐E1 cells and ovariectomized (OVX) rats. DPs significantly enhanced the preosteoblasts proliferation, differentiation, and matrix mineralization via the upregulation of wnt3a expression, low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein‐5 (LRP‐5), β‐catenin, runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) (P < 0.05). The intracellular calcium concentration was significantly elevated by DPs (P < 0.05), which is attributed to calcium influx and L‐type calcium channels. Additionally, OVX rat model experiment indicated that DPs (600 mg/kg bw) had a superior effect against bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency, as it significantly declined bone turnover markers, and significantly increased biomechanical parameters (P < 0.05). Mineralized bone surfaces and bone microstructure were also obviously improved by DPs treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B (RANK) expression of tibia in DPs group was significantly reduced compared with the model group (P < 0.05). Our results demonstrated that DPs could enhance preosteoblasts differentiation and antiosteoporosis via wnt/β‐catenin signal pathway and several key osteogenic transcription factors such as Runx2 and OPG.Practical ApplicationHigh‐value utilization of salted duck egg white, a byproduct of food industry, is worthy of in‐depth study. Desalted duck egg white peptides (DPs) were proved to promote bone formation, which suggests the potentials of DPs as cofactors in osteoporosis prevention.
Number of metastatic organs negatively affects the treatment sequence in patients with EGFR‐TKI failure
Authors: Mizuno Takaaki , Horinouchi Hidehito , Watanabe Sho , Sato Jun , Morita Ryo , Murakami Shuji , Goto Yasushi , Kanda Shintaro , Fujiwara Yutaka , Yamamoto Noboru , Ohe Yuichiro 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundSeveral studies have previously demonstrated the survival benefit of both EGFR‐TKI treatment and chemotherapy in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR mutations. The aim of the present study was to clarify the factors influencing the treatment sequence after failure of EGFR‐TKI therapy, focusing on the number of organs with metastasis (hereafter, metastatic organs).MethodsBetween January 2010 and December 2016, consecutive patients with EGFR‐mutated NSCLC who were started on first‐line EGFR‐TKI were reviewed. The factors influencing withholding systemic chemotherapy and the post‐progression survival (PPS) after failure of EGFR‐TKI were investigated.ResultsA total of 393 patients were started on first‐line EGFR‐TKI during the study period. After excluding patients maintained on EGFR‐TKI or who received osimertinib targeting secondary EGFR T790M, 297 patients were included in the analysis. Among these, 180 (60.6%) received chemotherapy after failure of EGFR‐TKI (TKI‐Ct group), while the remaining 117 (39.4%) received no chemotherapy (TKI‐only group). Multivariate analysis identified older age (≥75 years: odds ratio [OR] = 0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11–0.43, P < 0.001), poor performance status (PS) (≥2: OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.03–0.15, P < 0.001), and three or more metastatic organs (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22–0.80, P = 0.008) as being significantly associated with withholding of chemotherapy after failure of EGFR‐TKI.ConclusionA relatively large number of metastatic organs and a poor PS were associated with the withholding of subsequent chemotherapy after failure of EGFR‐TKI in EGFR‐mutated NSCLC patients. Further research for patients with such a poor prognosis should be investigated in the future.
Pathologic complete response to preoperative immunotherapy in a lung adenocarcinoma patient with bone metastasis: A case report
Authors: Tang Yong , Li Yadan , Zhang Lei , Tong Guihui , Ou Zhu'an , Wang Zhuocai , Zhang Henghui , Qiao Guibin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnti‐programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) and its ligand (PD‐L1) has emerged as a novel immunotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the proportion of patients who may benefit from immunotherapy is limited and the factors sensitive or resistant to immunotherapy are not completely clear. Therefore, to identify reliable biomarkers as predictors of clinical response and resistance to anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapies have become increasingly important. Here, we report a case of a patient with bone metastatic NSCLC, who achieved a pathologic complete response after preoperative pembrolizumab treatment. Postoperative pathological examination found no viable cancer cells in the resected pulmonary nodules and lymph nodes. Several high‐frequency DNA damage response and repair (DDR) gene mutations including two germline mutations were identified in the primary lesion. Moreover, high PD‐L1 expression, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) combined with tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutations without epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) driver alterations, high infiltration level of CD8‐positive cells and M1 macrophages were observed, which were favorable characteristics for immunotherapy. We explored the possible factors related to an excellent response to immune checkpoint inhibitor in this patient and determined that preoperative use of anti‐PD‐1 therapy might apply to late‐stage lung adenocarcinoma patients with multidimensional advantageous biomarkers for treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).Key points
We characterized the genomic features and immune microenvironment signature of a lung adenocarcinoma in a patient with bone metastasis who achieved pathologic complete response after pembrolizumab treatment.
To evaluate multidimensional advantageous biomarkers for immunotherapy.
Risk preferences of commodity crop producers and specialty crop producers: An application of prospect theory
Authors: Zhao Shuoli , Yue Chengyan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProducers’ decisions, such as crop insurance, contract agreement, and technology adoption, involve considerable risk and uncertainty. Particularly, specialty crop production is more vulnerable to risk and requires more intensive management than commodity crop production, while risk mitigation tools for specialty crop production are comparatively limited. We apply Prospect Theory (PT) to analyze risk preferences of U.S. producers, and further compare the preference differences between commodity crop and specialty crop producers. Reference dependent, diminishing sensitivity, loss aversion, and probability weighting, as well as certain farm characteristics and producer demographics, are found to have a significant impact on grower risk attitudes. In addition, we do not observe significant differences in the base PT estimates between commodity crop and specialty crop producers. However, the relationships between risk behavior and individual characteristics vary between the two types of producers, which shed lights on the development of agricultural policies and provide implications for the design of contract and insurance.
Homozygous in‐frame variant of SCL6A3 causes dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome in a consanguineous family
Authors: Heidari Erfan , Razmara Ehsan , Hosseinpour Sareh , Tavasoli Ali Reza , Garshasbi Masoud 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe human dopamine transporter (hDAT) participates in dopamine homeostasis by clearing dopamine from the extracellular space using secondary active transport. Dysregulation of hDAT has been reported to be associated with different neuropsychiatric disorders. Dopamine transporter deficiency syndrome (DTDS) is a complex disease caused by defects in dopamine uptake within the synaptic cleft and patients manifest parkinsonian features. The extracellular loops are crucial for DAT activity and defects in these regions disturb dopamine transport. In the present study, a 3.5‐year‐old female in a consanguineous Iranian family with an initial diagnosis of gait imbalance and speech delay has been identified. We utilized whole‐exome sequencing (WES) to identify the possible genetic defect(s). WES identified a novel homozygous in‐frame indel variant, c.1139_1150del; p.(Gly380_Lys384delinsGlu), in the SLC6A3 gene (NM_001044.4), as the most likely disease‐susceptibility variant. This variant is located in extracellular loop 4 (EL4) of the DAT protein. Our study highlights the role of extracellular loops and shows the EL4 of hDAT as a critical region for the protein activity. The identified variant in the EL4 region of DAT is predicted to compromise DAT function and may lead to DTDS in this case. However, complementary studies are required to confirm.
Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 in Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhang Jin-jin , Dong Xiang , Cao Yi-yuan , Yuan Ya-dong , Yang Yi-bin , Yan You-qin , Akdis Cezmi A. , Gao Ya-dong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has been widely spread. We aim to investigate the clinical characteristic and allergy status of patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2.MethodsElectronic medical records including demographics, clinical manifestation, comorbidities, laboratory data, and radiological materials of 140 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, with confirmed result of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral infection, were extracted and analyzed.ResultsAn approximately 1:1 ratio of male (50.7%) and female COVID‐19 patients was found, with an overall median age of 57.0 years. All patients were community‐acquired cases. Fever (91.7%), cough (75.0%), fatigue (75.0%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (39.6%) were the most common clinical manifestations, whereas hypertension (30.0%) and diabetes mellitus (12.1%) were the most common comorbidities. Drug hypersensitivity (11.4%) and urticaria (1.4%) were self‐reported by several patients. Asthma or other allergic diseases were not reported by any of the patients. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, 1.4%) patients and current smokers (1.4%) were rare. Bilateral ground‐glass or patchy opacity (89.6%) was the most common sign of radiological finding. Lymphopenia (75.4%) and eosinopenia (52.9%) were observed in most patients. Blood eosinophil counts correlate positively with lymphocyte counts in severe (r = .486, P < .001) and nonsevere (r = .469, P < .001) patients after hospital admission. Significantly higher levels of D‐dimer, C‐reactive protein, and procalcitonin were associated with severe patients compared to nonsevere patients (all P < .001).ConclusionDetailed clinical investigation of 140 hospitalized COVID‐19 cases suggests eosinopenia together with lymphopenia may be a potential indicator for diagnosis. Allergic diseases, asthma, and COPD are not risk factors for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Older age, high number of comorbidities, and more prominent laboratory abnormalities were associated with severe patients.
Population pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of moxetumomab pasudotox in patients with relapsed or refractory hairy cell leukaemia
Authors: Kuruvilla Denison , Chia Yen Lin , Balic Kemal , Yao Nai Shun , Kreitman Robert J. , Pastan Ira , Li Xia , Standifer Nathan , Liang Meina , Tseng Chih‐Ming , Faggioni Raffaella , Roskos Lorin 
Published: February 2020

AimsTo characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of moxetumomab pasudotox, an anti‐CD22 recombinant immunotoxin, in adults with relapsed or refractory hairy cell leukaemia, we examined data from a phase 1 study (Study 1001; n = 49) and from the pivotal clinical study (Study 1053; n = 74).MethodsData from both studies were pooled (n = 123) to develop a population PK model. Covariates included demographics, disease state, liver and kidney function, prior treatment, and antidrug antibodies (ADAs). Exposure–response and exposure–safety were analysed separately by study. A 1‐compartment model with linear elimination from the central compartment and 2 clearance (CL) rates was developed.ResultsMoxetumomab pasudotox was cleared more rapidly after cycle 1, day 1 (CL1 = 24.7 L/h) than subsequently (CL2 = 3.76 L/h), with high interindividual variability (116 and 109%, respectively). In Study 1053, patients with ADA titres >10 240 showed ~4‐fold increase in CL. Higher exposures (≥median) were related to higher response rates, capillary leak syndrome and increased creatinine (Study 1053 only), or grade ≥3 adverse events (Study 1001 only). Clinical benefits were still observed in patients with lower exposure or high ADA titres.ConclusionDespite a high incidence of immunogenicity with increased clearance, moxetumomab pasudotox demonstrated efficacy in hairy cell leukaemia.
Effects of MIR143 on rat sarcoma signaling networks in solid tumors: A brief overview
Authors: Tokumaru Yoshihisa , Takabe Kazuaki , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Akao Yukihiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRat sarcoma (RAS) is a well‐known oncogene that plays important roles in cancer proliferation, cell survival and cell invasion. RAS exists as three major isoforms, Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS), Harvey rat sarcoma (HRAS) and neuroblastoma rat sarcoma (NRAS). Mutations of these genes account for approximately 30% of all cancers. Among them, KRAS mutations are the most common, responsible for 85%, followed by NRAS (12%) and HRAS (3%). Although the development of RAS inhibitors has been explored for over the past decade, so far, no effective inhibitor has been found. MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of small non–coding RNA that control the gene expression of pleural target genes at the post–transcriptional level. MiRNA play critical roles in the physiological and pathological processes at work in cancers, such as cell proliferation, cell death, cell invasion and metastasis. MicroRNA‐143 (MIR143) is known to function as a tumor suppressor in a variety of cancers. One of its known mechanisms is suppression of RAS expression and its effector signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK. Within the last five years, we developed a potent chemically modified MIR143‐3p that enabled us to elucidate the details of the KRAS signaling networks at play in colon and other cancer cells. In this review, we will discuss the role of MIR143‐3p in those RAS signaling networks that are related to various biological processes of cancer cells. In addition, we will discuss the possibility of the use of MIR143 as a therapeutic drug for targeting RAS signaling networks.