bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overland runoff erosion dynamics on steep slopes with forages under field simulated rainfall and inflow
Authors: Li Changjia , Pan Chengzhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough numerous studies have acknowledged that vegetation can reduce erosion, few process‐based studies have examined how vegetation cover affect runoff hydraulics and erosion processes. We present field observations of overland flow hydraulics using rainfall simulations in a typical semiarid area in China. Field plots (5 × 2 m2) were constructed on a loess hillslope (25°), including bare soil plot as control and three plots with planted forage species as treatments—Astragalus adsurgens, Medicago sativa and Cosmos bipinnatus. Both simulated rainfall and simulated rainfall + inflow were applied. Forages reduced soil loss by 55–85% and decreased overland flow rate by 12–37%. Forages significantly increased flow hydraulic resistance expressed by Darcy–Weisbach friction factor by 188–202% and expressed by Manning's friction factor by 66–75%; and decreased overland flow velocity by 28–30%. The upslope inflow significantly increased overland flow velocity by 67% and stream power by 449%, resulting in increased sediment yield rate by 108%. Erosion rate exhibited a significant linear relationship with stream power. M. sativa exhibited the best in reducing soil loss which probably resulted from its role in reducing stream power. Forages on the downslope performed better at reducing sediment yield than upslope due to decreased rill formation and stream power. The findings contribute to an improved understanding of using vegetation to control water and soil loss and land degradation in semiarid environments.
Exploring the effect of hydrological connectivity and soil burn severity on sediment yield after wildfire and mulching
Authors: Fernández Cristina , Fernández‐Alonso José Ma , Vega José A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSoil erosion can potentially threaten different resources inside and outside of burned areas, and the risk of water becoming contaminated with sediment may be particularly severe. Various postfire actions, such as applying straw mulch, have been carried out in northwestern Spain in recent years with the aim of mitigating the risk of soil erosion. Nonetheless, because of the short interval between summer wildfire and autumn rains, careful selection and prioritization of the areas to be treated is crucial. Changes in hydrological connectivity could be measured and used as a criterion for selecting such areas. However, studies addressing changes in hydrological connectivity as a consequence of forest fires are scarce. In the present study, we assessed the effects of fire and postfire helimulching on the hydrological connectivity and sediment loads in a forest catchment burned by a wildfire in August 2016. Sediment yields were recorded in 20 plots (180 m2). Hydrological connectivity was computed with a version of the Borselli index and two alternative weighting factors: the C factor from the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation and a factor based on field surveys of soil burn severity. The effect of mulching was also considered. The results indicate that the version of the Borselli index based on field measurements of soil burn severity best reflects the susceptibility to postfire sediment delivery. Moreover, this method was also suitable for evaluating the effect of mulching on soil erosion. The study findings may help forest managers to plan postfire actions.
Future range dynamics of the red alga Capreolia implexa in native and invaded regions: contrasting predictions from species distribution models versus physiological knowledge
Authors: Laeseke Philipp , Martínez Brezo , Mansilla Andrés , Bischof Kai 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Correlative species distribution modelling is a widely used method to predict potential species ranges but can suffer from limitations in integrating species’ fundamental niches. Therefore, they might underestimate suitable ranges, but including physiological information can improve accuracy of predictions and help identify mechanisms of e.g. range limitation. However, approaches using both, results from correlative as well as physiological investigations are rare, especially in research on seaweeds. Here, we provide results from both approaches to predict the suitable habitat range of Capreolia implexa (Rhodophyta) in its native range (Australia and New Zealand) and invaded range (Chile) under present and future climate scenarios (year 2100, rcp 2.6 and rcp 8.5). We used the Maxent modelling technique and physiological knowledge from a temperature tolerance experiment (2–20 °C) for thermal niche estimation. Results from both approaches suggest larger suitable habitat ranges under present day conditions for both regions than currently occupied. Abiotic range limitation in the native range led to underestimation of the suitable temperature range by Maxent (here lower temperature limit = 8.3 °C). Predictions based on the laboratory temperature tolerance experiment suggest additional suitable habitat in colder regions (here lower temperature limit = 6.6 ± 0.4 °C). Under future climate conditions, both native and invaded ranges should shift southward, which will lead to an overall loss of suitable habitat in the native range. Like that, rcp 8.5 conditions should reduce the native range to 50% of the present-day extent. We demonstrate the limitation of correlative SDM modelling for species that live on continental margins and that physiological experiments can help to identify species’ niches beyond correlative analyses, providing valuable information for range projections. Furthermore, we provide valuable insights relevant for both invasion management and conservation.

Graphic abstract
Labour market transitions, shocks and institutions in turbulent times: a cross-country analysis
Authors: Bachmann Ronald , Felder Rahel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses the impact of the business cycle on labour market dynamics in EU member states and the US during the first decade of the 21st century. Using unique measures of labour market flows constructed from worker-level micro data, we examine to what extent macro shocks were transmitted to national labour markets. We apply the approach by Blanchard and Wolfers (Econ J 110(462):1–33, 2000) to analyse the role of the interaction of macroeconomic shocks and labour market institutions for worker transitions in order to explain cross-country differences in labour market reactions in a period including the Great Recession. Our results suggest a significant influence of trade unions in channelling macroeconomic shocks. Specifically, union density moderates these impacts over the business cycle, i.e. countries with stronger trade unions experience weaker reactions of the unemployment rate and of worker transitions.
Antihypertensive constituents in Sanoshashinto
Authors: Wu Jianbo , Nakashima Souichi , Shigyo Marina , Yamasaki Mutsumi , Ikuno Sumire , Morikawa Aoi , Takegami Shigehiko , Nakamura Seikou , Konishi Atsuko , Kitade Tatsuya , Matsuda Hisashi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt has been reported that Sanoshashinto (SanHuangXieXinTang, 三黃瀉心湯), which is composed of Rhei Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, and Coptidis Rhizoma, exhibits vasorelaxant effects in vitro and lowers blood pressure of patients. Based on this discovery, in this study, a mixture containing those three materials and combinations of them were extracted with methanol, and the extracts were fractionated into different parts. Effects of all extracts and fractions on high concentration of potassium chloride (High K+)- or noradrenaline (NA)-induced contractions of isolated rat aortic rings or helical strips were examined. Qualitative and quantitative HPLC analyses of the extracts and the fractions revealed that the contents of baicalin and berberine in Sanoshashinto methanol extract (SHXXTM) were higher than those of the other constituents. All pharmacological and HPLC data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) software and the results indicated that baicalin, berberine, palmatine, baicalein, and wogonoside contributed significantly to the pharmacological activity. Furthermore, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) that were orally given SHXXTM or a baicalin–berberine combination showed significantly reduced increase in the rate of systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared to the control group. These findings suggested that Sanoshashinto has significant vasorelaxant effects in vitro and antihypertensive effects in vivo, and baicalin and berberine, which were the principal constituents of Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma, were the main antihypertensive constituents in Sanoshashinto. It was speculated that baicalin and berberine produced vasorelaxant effects by activating the NO/cGMP pathway and that the BKCa channel and the DAG/PKC/CPI-17 pathway were also involved.
Determinacy and Indeterminacy, Being and Non-Being in the Fragments of Parmenides
Authors: Mourelatos Alexander P. D. 
Published: January 2020

The main argument in Parmenides’ didactic poem begins with these remarks by the unnamed goddess who delivers the revelation (B2 in Diels-KranzDie Fragmente der Vorsokratiker):Come now and I shall tell you, and you listen to the account and carry it forth, which routes of inquiry (ơδοί…διζησιος , B2.2) alone are for knowing: the one (μέν, B2.3), that (…) is and that it is not possible (for …) not to be ὅπως ἔστιν τε ϰαὶ ὼς οὐϰ ἔστι μὴ είναι, B2.3) is the course of Persuasion, for it attends truth; the other ἠδ; B2.5 that (…) is not and that it is right (for …) not to be (ὡς οὐϰ ἔστιυ τε ϰαὶ ὡς χρεών ἐστι μὴ εἶναι, B2.5) that one I mark for you as being a byway from which no tidings ever come (παναπευθέα ἔμμεν άταρπόυ, B2.6) For you could neither come to know (Υυοίμς, aorist, B2.7) the thing itself which is not (τό Υε μὴ έόυ), for it cannot be consummated (οὐ Υὰρ ἀνυστόυ), nor could you point it out (φράσαις, aorist, B2.8).
Molecularly tagged genes and quantitative trait loci in cucumber with recommendations for QTL nomenclature
Authors: Wang Yuhui , Bo Kailiang , Gu Xingfang , Pan Junsong , Li Yuhong , Chen Jinfeng , Wen Changlong , Ren Zhonghai , Ren Huazhong , Chen Xuehao , Grumet Rebecca , Weng Yiqun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCucumber, Cucumis sativus L. (2n = 2x = 14), is an important vegetable crop worldwide. It was the first specialty crop with a publicly available draft genome. Its relatively small, diploid genome, short life cycle, and self-compatible mating system offers advantages for genetic studies. In recent years, significant progress has been made in molecular mapping, and identification of genes and QTL responsible for key phenotypic traits, but a systematic review of the work is lacking. Here, we conducted an extensive literature review on mutants, genes and QTL that have been molecularly mapped or characterized in cucumber. We documented 81 simply inherited trait genes or major-effect QTL that have been cloned or fine mapped. For each gene, detailed information was compiled including chromosome locations, allelic variants and associated polymorphisms, predicted functions, and diagnostic markers that could be used for marker-assisted selection in cucumber breeding. We also documented 322 QTL for 42 quantitative traits, including 109 for disease resistances against seven pathogens. By alignment of these QTL on the latest version of cucumber draft genomes, consensus QTL across multiple studies were inferred, which provided insights into heritable correlations among different traits. Through collaborative efforts among public and private cucumber researchers, we identified 130 quantitative traits and developed a set of recommendations for QTL nomenclature in cucumber. This is the first attempt to systematically summarize, analyze and inventory cucumber mutants, cloned or mapped genes and QTL, which should be a useful resource for the cucurbit research community.
Genetic diversity in centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.]
Authors: Li Jianjian , Guo Hailin , Zong Junqin , Chen Jingbo , Li Dandan , Liu Jianxiu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGenetic diversity is the heritable variation within and among populations, and in the context of this paper describes the heritable variation among the germplasm resources of centipedegrass. Centipedegrass is an important warm-season perennial C4 grass belonging to the Poaceae family in the subfamily Panicoideae and genus Eremochloa. It is the only species cultivated for turf among the eight species in Eremochloa. The center of origin for this species is southern to central China. Although centipedegrass is an excellent lawn grass and is most widely used in the southeastern United States, China has the largest reserve of centipedegrass germplasm in the world. Presently, the gene bank in China holds ~200 centipedegrass accessions collected from geographical regions that are diverse in terms of climate and elevation. This collection appears to have broad variability with regard to morphological and physiological characteristics. To efficiently develop new centipedegrass varieties and improve cultivated species by fully utilizing this variability, multiple approaches have been implemented in recent years to detect the extent of variation and to unravel the patterns of genetic diversity among centipedegrass collections. In this review, we briefly summarize research progress in investigating the diversity of centipedegrass using morphological, physiological, cytological, and molecular biological approaches, and present the current status of genomic studies in centipedegrass. Perspectives on future research on genetics and genomics and modern breeding of centipedegrass are also discussed.
Prevention of tuberculosis in macaques after intravenous BCG immunization
Authors: Darrah Patricia A. , Zeppa Joseph J. , Maiello Pauline , Hackney Joshua A. , Wadsworth Marc H. , Hughes Travis K. , Pokkali Supriya , Swanson Phillip A. , Grant Nicole L. , Rodgers Mark A. , Kamath Megha , Causgrove Chelsea M. , Laddy Dominick J. , Bonavia Aurelio , Casimiro Danilo , Lin Philana Ling , Klein Edwin , White Alexander G. , Scanga Charles A. , Shalek Alex K. , Roederer Mario , Flynn JoAnne L. , Seder Robert A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the leading cause of death from infection worldwide1. The only available vaccine, BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin), is given intradermally and has variable efficacy against pulmonary tuberculosis, the major cause of mortality and disease transmission1,2. Here we show that intravenous administration of BCG profoundly alters the protective outcome of Mtb challenge in non-human primates (Macaca mulatta). Compared with intradermal or aerosol delivery, intravenous immunization induced substantially more antigen-responsive CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in blood, spleen, bronchoalveolar lavage and lung lymph nodes. Moreover, intravenous immunization induced a high frequency of antigen-responsive T cells across all lung parenchymal tissues. Six months after BCG vaccination, macaques were challenged with virulent Mtb. Notably, nine out of ten macaques that received intravenous BCG vaccination were highly protected, with six macaques showing no detectable levels of infection, as determined by positron emission tomography–computed tomography imaging, mycobacterial growth, pathology and granuloma formation. The finding that intravenous BCG prevents or substantially limits Mtb infection in highly susceptible rhesus macaques has important implications for vaccine delivery and clinical development, and provides a model for defining immune correlates and mechanisms of vaccine-elicited protection against tuberculosis.
Steroid Hormone Levels in Recipient Amniotic Fluid in Twin–Twin Transfusion Syndrome and Their Association with Preterm Delivery
Authors: Hoffman Mallory , Mann Lovepreet K. , Won Jong H. , Bergh Eric P. , Donepudi Roopali , Johnson Anthony , Moise Kenneth J. , Macpherson Cora , Thom Elizabeth , Mesiano Sam , Papanna Ramesha 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective Preterm delivery following fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) of twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is associated with severe perinatal morbidity and mortality. The role of steroid hormones in amniotic fluid (AF) after FLS remains unknown.
Study Design A prospective cohort study of consecutive case series of FLS for TTTS was performed from April 2012 to February 2017. Cases were divided into early (≤27 weeks) spontaneous preterm delivery (ED) and late delivery (LD; ≥34 weeks) following FLS and compared. AF supernatants were assessed for protein, estradiol, progesterone and cortisol levels (using the ELISA kit), and normalized to total protein levels to adjust for dilution.
Results A total of 294 consecutive cases of FLS for TTTS in monochorionic–diamniotic twins were performed during the study period. AF was available in 44 ED patients and 50 LD patients. On logistic regression, ED was associated with higher normalized progesterone levels (odds ratio [OR]: 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.41), lower normalized cortisol (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64–0.96), and higher estradiol levels (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.03–1.63).
Conclusion Elevated AF normalized progesterone and estradiol, and lower normalized cortisol levels were associated with ED. This novel finding requires further exploration to establish the molecular mechanism operational in pregnancies complicated by TTTS to potentially prevent early preterm birth after fetal surgery.
Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Medications in Dialysis Patients: Do We Need to Change Strategies?
Authors: Hu Yu-Ning , Luo Chwan-Yau , Tsai Meng-Ta , Lin Ting-Wei , Kan Chung-Dann , Roan Jun-Neng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is frequently performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) together with severe coronary artery disease, after which, patients with ESRD have higher surgical risk and poorer long-term outcomes. We report our experience in patients with ESRD who survived in CABG and identify predictors of long-term outcomes.
Methods We retrospectively investigated 93 consecutive patients with ESRD who survived to discharge after isolated CABG between January 2005 and December 2016 at our institution. Long-term outcomes, including all-cause mortality after discharge, readmission due to major adverse cardiac events, and reintervention, were evaluated. Predictors affecting long-term outcomes were also analyzed.
Results The rates of freedom from all-cause mortality after discharge in 1, 3, 5, and 10 years were 92.1, 81.3, 71.9, and 34.9%, respectively. The rates of freedom from readmission due to major adverse cardiac events in 1, 3, 5, and 10 years were 90.7, 79.1, 69.9, and 55.6%, respectively. The rates of freedom from reintervention in 1, 3, 5, and 10 years were 95.3, 86.5, 79.0, and 66.6%, respectively. Postoperative β-blocker and statin use significantly improved overall long-term survival (β-blocker, p = 0.013; statin, p = 0.009). After case–control matching, patients who received statins showed better long-term survival than those without statins. The comparison of long-term survival between patients with and without β-blockers showed no significant difference after matching.
Conclusions After CABG, dialysis patients who survived to discharge had acceptable long-term overall survival. Post-CABG statin use in dialysis patients is a predictor of better long-term survival.
A Cadaveric Study of the Juncturae Tendinum
Authors: Lakshmi Gaddam Vijaya , Michael Stelin Agnes 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction The superficial extensor tendons of the fingers are connected by juncturae tendinum (JT). JTs are of three types namely JT-1, JT-2, and JT-3. JT-3 are very thick with maximum occurrence in fourth intermetacarpal space (IMCS), where it is associated with agenesis of extensor digitorum communis to small finger (EDCs). Awareness of frequency and morphology of JT is essential in surgical repair of tendon injury.
Methods JTs were dissected in 80 free adult cadaveric upper limbs and 32 fetal upper limbs of 16 stillborn and embalmed fetuses present in the department. The pattern and frequency of JT was studied. Frequency of JT-3 in association with agenesis of EDCs was looked into. The length and width of JT were measured and analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc analysis.
Results JT-1 and JT-2 were commonly observed in the second and third IMCS, respectively. JT-3 had a maximum frequency in the fourth space and was observed in 78.37% of cases of agenesis of EDCs. A gradual increase in length and a decrease in the width of JT were observed from JT-1 to JT-2, JT-3r, and JT-3y.
Conclusion JTs are absent in the first IMCS and in 6.25% of second IMCS. The commonest pattern of distribution of JT in the second, third and fourth IMCS is JT-1, JT-2, and JT-3, respectively. JT-3 is the longest and thickest JT, and partially compensates for agenesis of EDCs. The structural resemblance to tendons enables JT-3 utilization for a tendon graft.
Histomorphometric Study of Axillary Lymph Nodes in Different Age Groups
Authors: A. Kafeel Hussain , S. Shaweez Fathima , Sathialakshmi V. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Although some age-related changes in lymph node histoarchitecture have been described, they are seldom taken into account in traditional depictions of lymph nodes. Recently introduced clinical procedures, such as intranodal vaccinations have demonstrated the need for an accurate knowledge of the degenerative processes of lymph nodes. It is thus deemed necessary to obtain a detailed insight into anatomical changes within the lymph node throughout life as age-related degeneration can have a strong impact on the outcome of these new therapeutic strategies.
Aim To study the size and shape of the lymph nodes and to establish the age-dependent histoarchitectural changes in the lymph nodes in different age groups.
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 35 axillary lymph nodes. The adult axillary group of lymph nodes were from subjects aged between 18 and 70 years. The fetal lymph nodes were collected from 8 stillborn fetuses between 37 and 42 weeks. Thickness of the cortex and diameter of the germinal centers were measured using ocular and stage micrometer.
Results None of the fetal lymphocytic follicles showed evidence of a prominent germinal center. The germinal centers of young adults were not only more numerous but also larger in size when compared with the old. An age-related involution of the paracortical region was witnessed in the axillary lymph nodes. No evidence of lipomatous atrophy was encountered in any of the fetal lymph nodes. Interesting evidence of it was encountered in younger age groups. However, this was the most prominent feature in the older groups.