bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness of Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Jordanian Community
Authors: Abdel-Qader Derar H. , Albassam Abdullah , Ismael Najlaa Saadi , El-Shara’ Asma’ A. , Shehri Aisha , Almutairi Fahdah Shuqair , Al-Harbi Dalal M. , Al Zahrani Muna Mohammed , Chen Li-Chia , Al Mazrouei Nadia , Mohamed Ibrahim Osama 
Published: September 2020

Background The public awareness toward the causes and consequences of antibiotic resistance (AR) is crucial to mitigate the inappropriate use of antibiotics (ABs), particularly in the low- and middle-income countries. There was no previous study that assessed the awareness, attitude, and knowledge about antibiotic use and AR among the Jordanian public in affluent and deprived areas. Objective This study aimed to assess the awareness, attitude, and knowledge about antibiotic use and AR in affluent and deprived areas in Jordan. Setting The survey was conducted in November 2019 in Amman, the capital of Jordan. Method A cross-sectional questionnaire was used to survey households in their areas in each of West Amman (affluent region) and East Amman (deprived region), Households were selected using proportionate random sampling method. Results A total of 620 householders (310 per area) completed the questionnaire. Pharmacists were perceived as strong influencers on householders’ decision, as 80.32% (n = 465/580) of those who used antibiotics in the last year follow pharmacists’ advice. Our results showed poor understanding of antibiotic usage among the Jordanian public, as only 14.2% (n = 44/310) of the sample in West Amman and 2.9% (n = 9/310) in East Amman disagreed with the statement “ Antibiotics work on most coughs and colds.” Householders in West Amman showed much better understanding of AR compared to those in East Amman; 82.3% (n = 255/310) of West Amman respondents agreed with the statement “ Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of the antibiotic.” compared to 31.9% (n = 99/310) of East Amman respondents on the same statement ( P  < .05). Conclusion The Jordanian community generally had poor knowledge and awareness toward antibiotics use and AR. Socio-economic factors could influence the public’s attitude toward antibiotics use and AR.
Monitoring BMI Trends in a Midwest Regional Head Start Population: The Results of a Healthy Lifestyle Intervention
Authors: Miccoli Antonela , Toussaint Loren L. , Hansen Carina K. , Smith Latasha M. , Lynch Brian A. 
Published: September 2020

Background Childhood obesity represents a public health crisis in the United States. Thus, focusing on early childhood is crucial to modify the consequences associated with obesity. The Food and Fitness Initiative (FFI) is a community-based wellness program implemented in Northeast Iowa since 2009. FFI focuses on healthy eating and physical activity. Our aim is to describe the impact on body mass index (BMI) after implementing FFI in a Northeast Iowa Community Action Head Start (HS) population. Methods Retrospective BMI data was collected from all children attending 14 HS sites from 2012 to 2018. Children with BMI measurements during July to December of the first year in HS were included in the study. Follow-up data the second year in HS was obtained. Overweight and obesity prevalence, as well as, BMI changes between year 1 and 2 in HS were analyzed. Results Data from 1013 children were collected, 850 (84%) had qualifying BMI measurements during their first year in HS and 352 of those children (41%) had follow-up data in their second year. There was a decrease in BMI between years 1 and 2 in HS that approached statistical significance ( t = 1.83, P = .07, d = .10). There were no statistically significant changes in the percent of overweight (Wald χ2 = .50, P = .48) or obese (Wald χ2 = 1.71, P = .19) children between the first and second year. Conclusion The FFI wellness program can be feasibly integrated into the HS curriculum and shows promising short-term results in improving BMI, but not to a statistically significant level when evaluated over 1 year.
The effectiveness of preoperative rehabilitation programmes on postoperative outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction: a systematic review
Authors: Carter Hayley , Littlewood Chris , Webster Kate E. , Smith Benjamin E. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured ligament in the knee with annual incidence rates of ruptures reported at 68.6 per 100,000. ACL ruptures are commonly treated with surgical reconstruction which aims to restore knee stability and maximise functional capacity to allow individuals to return to their preinjury level of physical activity. Prior to ACL reconstruction (ACLR), preoperative rehabilitation, commonly termed prehabilitation (PreHab), has been suggested to physically and mentally prepare patients for surgery and postoperative rehabilitation. No previous systematic review has specifically evaluated the effectiveness of PreHab on postoperative outcomes. A 2017 systematic review did investigate prehabilitation, but of the included eight RCTs only two included post-operative outcomes and not all RCTs included surgery in the treatment pathway. Hypotheses: To explore the effectiveness of preoperative rehabilitation programmes (PreHab) on postoperative physical and psychological outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: A systematic search was conducted from inception to November 2019. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in English were included. Risk of bias was assessed using Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment system was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Results: The search identified 739 potentially eligible studies, three met the inclusion criteria. All included RCTs scored ‘high’ risk of bias. PreHab in all three RCTs was an exercise programme, each varied in content (strength, control, balance and perturbation training), frequency (10 to 24 sessions) and length (3.1- to 6-weeks). Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were reported for quadriceps strength (one RCT) and single leg hop scores (two RCTs) in favour of PreHab three months after ACLR. One RCT reported no statistically significant between-group difference for pain and function. No RCT evaluated post-operative psychological outcomes. Conclusion: Low-quality evidence suggests that PreHab that includes muscular strength, balance and perturbation training offers a small benefit to quadriceps strength and single leg hop scores three months after ACLR. There is no consensus on the optimum PreHab programme content, frequency and length; this requires future consideration including the development of PreHab programmes that consider psychosocial factors and the measurement of relevant post-operative outcomes such as psychological readiness.
Current Preoperative Physiotherapy Management Strategies for Patients Awaiting Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR): A Worldwide Survey of Physiotherapy Practice
Authors: Carter Hayley M. , Webster Kate E. , Smith Benjamin E. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The optimum time to surgery following ACL rupture remains an outstanding clinical problem. Recent data for the average wait time for an ACLR in the UK is not currently available and anecdotally times range from 4-12 months before an individual undergoes surgery. Globally, the length of time available for preoperative rehabilitation (commonly termed prehabilitation) will vary widely; it is also unknown which subset of patients receive or do not receive prehabilitation and reasons behind this decision making. The current evidence base presents only a small number of RCTs exploring ACL prehabilitation, with inconsistent results on pre- and post-operative outcomes such as muscular strength and function when compared with no prehabilitation. Programmes also vary in content, duration and frequency. Currently, there is no agreed consensus on the best approach to this stage of rehabilitation for this patient group, and thus, current practice is unknown. Hypotheses: This study aimed to explore the current physiotherapy management strategies used during the preoperative phase of rehabilitation for patients awaiting anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: An anonymous survey was disseminated online via Twitter and the ‘interactive Chartered Society of Physiotherapy’ message board. Practising physiotherapists who treated at least one patient prior to ACLR in the past year were invited to take part. Responses were collected over a 4-week period in March 2020. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: In total, 183 respondents replied; 122 completed the full survey. Responses were collected from 20 countries across 3 settings, NHS/public health services, private and sports. Most respondents reported prescribing exercises, advice and education to patients during prehabilitation. Up to 40% also utilised passive treatments including manual therapy, taping/bracing and electrotherapy. The frequency of recommended exercise completion and length of treatment varied. Most respondents (n=103/84.4%) felt that many patients waiting for ACLR did not receive prehabilitation. Many physiotherapists reported that patients expressed concerns regarding their readiness for surgery (n=61/50%) and return to preinjury levels of physical activity (n=112/91.8%). Almost all respondents would discuss non-operative management with patients (n=112/91.8%) if they had returned to their preinjury level of physical activity before their ACLR. Conclusion: Overall, this survey provides some insight as to how physiotherapists manage patients awaiting ACLR. Areas of uncertainty in physiotherapy practice have also been highlighted that require further high-quality research.
Effect of meniscal root tear on pivot shift test after anterior cruciate ligament-deficient
Authors: Zhou Ming 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: A review of the literature demonstrates that injury of the lateral meniscus, anterolateral capsule, and iliotibial(IT ) band or small lateral tibial plateau aggravate the instability of knee and contributes to a high-grade pivot shift in the ACL-deficient knee. Hypotheses: The hypothesis was that disruption of posterior root of the lateral meniscus will further destabilize the ACL-deficient knee and simulated a high-grade pivot shift but posterior root of medial meniscal not. Methods: 6 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees was performed the next test in a custom activity simulator.1.Determine the effect of PRLMT on the stability of ACL-deficient knee.In the pivot shift test, ITB force (50, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 175 N), internal rotation moments (1, 2, and 3 N.m),and valgus moments (5 and 7 N.m). tibial translation of front drawer test were performed by applying a 90-N anterior
Limited release medial collateral ligament technique
Authors: Jinliang Wang , Xuan Wei 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: To explore the outcome of selective releasing medial collateral ligament in total knee arthroplasty. Hypotheses: Selective releasing technique work for knee balance and clinical results. Methods: Sixty cases of total knee arthroplasty were studied retrospectively from May,2016 to May 2017.The cases traits were as follows:22 male,38 female,age between 55 years and 83 years,the diagnosis totally OA,pre-operative and varus angle was (13.8±2.5)°,preoperative HSS score 36.5±2.9.All the cases were performed with new technique in which anterior parts of MCL was released limitedly ,posterior-lateral was released about one centimeter beneath joint line,and pie-crusting was used when it was still unbalanced.This was different from the conventional one in which a regular medial soft tissue envelope was performed. Results: Post-operation wound was I stage union.The average follou-up was nine months(6-12 months).The resudial varus angle was (0.8±1.5)°,HSS score was (86.0±3.5),which had significant statistically difference compared with the pre-op one. Conclusion: The selectively releasing MCL technique was minimally invasive and easy to learn. Good function was achieved.
Discrepant histological diagnoses affects the near term FJS-12 and could be one of the causes of unhappy TKR patient
Authors: Londhe Sanjay Bhalchandra , Shah Ravi , Shah Mita Y , Doshi Amit Pankaj , Londhe Shubhankar Sanjay , Subhedar Kavita , Shetty Gautam 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: TKR is one of the most successful operations in orthopedics. Still a sizable percentage of patients (20%) remain dissatisfied after a well executed TKR. The aim of the study is to examine the excised synovium from the suprapatellar region in osteoarthritic knees during TKR operation and evaluate the HP report to know whether discrepant diagnoses affects the Forgotten Joint Score-12 at various time intervals and in few cases the unrelenting pain and discomfort post TKR surgery could be due to some undiagnosed pathology within the joint. Hypotheses: The study was started with null hypothesis. The statistical significance was measured with Chi-square test and two sample t test. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. Two hundred(160 Female 40 Male) end stage osteoarthritis patients who underwent primary TKR were studied. Inclusion criteria was patient with end stage osteoarthritis. Patients with clinically and serologically proven rheumatoid arthritis were excluded. The synovium excised during the TKR procedure was sent for HP examination. Statistics: The study was started with null hypothesis. The statistical significance was measured with Chi-square test and two sample t test. Results: 184 of the 200 patients (92%) knee synovium showed HP features of osteoarthritis. The discordant diagnoses and discrepant diagnosis rate was 8 % and 7 % respectively which is statistically significant by Chi Conclusion: 8% of our patients exhibited results which were totally unexpected. Our study showed a 7 % rate of discrepant diagnosis, which if missed would have affected the function and long term survival of the implanted TKR.
Return to sports following ACL reconstruction: where do we stand in 2020?
Authors: Gokeler Alli , Villa Francesco Della , Welling Wouter , Baumeister Jochen 
Published: September 2020

Despite the development of return to sport (RTS) guidelines over recent years, there is a lack of a scientific consensus on the RTS criteria used to release a patient to unrestricted sport activity after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). A proportional meta-analysis, showed that only 23% of patients after ACLR passed RTS test batteries before RTS. Although passing RTS criteria reduce the risk of subsequent graft rupture by 60%, it increases the risk of a contralateral ACL rupture by 235%. These equivocal findings in terms of validity of RTS tests after ACLR leaves clinicians with high level of uncertainty in clinical decision-making. Dingenen & Gokeler proposed that RTS should be viewed as continuum after ACL injury and ACLR. Moreover, one of the possible solutions why patients do not meet the RTS criteria is simply due to the lack of implementation of evidence- based rehabilitation in terms of specificity and training load. Too often, the end phase of the rehabilitation is not extensive or specific enough, thereby exposing athletes to specific training loads and training characteristics that they cannot handle from a physical, neurocognitive as well as from a psychological perspective. Della Villa et al. introduced the concept of an On Field Rehabilitation (OFR) model to bridge the gap between standard rehabilitation and return to training. This allows for a gradual progression of each part and thus ensures correct function and that no adverse knee reaction is noted before moving on to the next level. Returning an athlete to full participation should be a graduated continuum and not based on a set of tests at one single point in time. The above findings pertaining to the high incidence of recurrent injuries, question whether the current RTS tests provide relevant information for guiding the decision making. There is a need for more ecological valid research approaches to test an athlete returning to sports after an ACLR in more complex sports-specific demanding tests, which are more reflective of the demands while on the field. Based on a RTS continuum approach, training and tests should include physical, cognitive and psychological loads in a gradual fashion that prepare the athlete for a safer RTS
Arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation of avulsion fracture of anterior cruciate ligament from tibial eminence with sutures by four tibial tunnels
Authors: Zhou Ming , Hou Huiming , Fan Shaoyong 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation of avulsion fracture of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) from tibial eminence with sutures by four tibial tunnels. Methods: Twenty five cases of avulsion fracture of ACL from tibial eminence were treated by arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation with sutures by four tibial tunnels tibial from March 2012 to March 2015.The average follow-up period was 18 months, ranging from 12 to 24 months. The follow-up assessment included anterior drawer test，Lachman test，pivot shift，Lysholm knee score and the radiological evaluation. Results: All cases successfully achieved reduction and bone union.The knee function was good.The results of anterior drawer test，Lachman test and pivot shift were negative．The preoperative and final follow-up Lysholm knee scores were ( 45.2±6.5) and ( 95.2±4.7) points respectively with statistically significant differenece (t =21. 4，P<0.05). Conclusion: The arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation of avulsion fracture of ACL from tibial eminence with sutures by fou rtibial tunnels is minimally invasive and convenient with satisfactory reduction and fixation,which can benefit the posoperative rehabilitation．It can avoid reoperation and achieve excellent results．
More than a Wall: The Rise and Fall of US Asylum and Refugee Policy
Authors: Wasem Ruth Ellen 
Published: September 2020

Executive Summary This article uses a multidisciplinary approach — analyzing historical sources, refugee and asylum admissions data, legislative provisions, and public opinion data — to track the rise and fall of the US asylum and refugee policy. It shows that there has always been a political struggle between people who advocate for a generous refugee and asylum system and those who oppose it. Today, the flexible system of protecting refugees and asylees, established in 1980, is giving way to policies that weaponize them. It offers a historical analysis of US refugee and asylum policies, as well as xenophobic and nativist attitudes toward refugees. It places Trump administration refugee policies in three categories: those that abandon longstanding US legal principles and policies, most notably non-refoulement and due process; those that block the entry of refugees and asylees; and those that criminalize foreign nationals who attempt to seek asylum in the United States. The article concludes with an analysis of public opinion research to square the growing public support for refugees and asylees shown in polling data with the subgroup popularity of Donald Trump’s harsh xenophobic rhetoric and policies. These seemingly contradictory trends are consistent with research on right-wing populism. It argues that the restoration of generous humanitarian policies requires robust civic engagement and steadfast legislative efforts.
US Foreign-Born Workers in the Global Pandemic: Essential and Marginalized
Authors: Kerwin* Donald , Warren* Robert 
Published: September 2020

Executive Summary This article provides detailed estimates of foreign-born (immigrant) workers in the United States who are employed in “essential critical infrastructure” sectors, as defined by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) of the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) (DHS 2020). Building on earlier work by the Center for Migration Studies (CMS), the article offers exhaustive estimates on essential workers on a national level, by state, for large metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), and for smaller communities that heavily rely on immigrant labor. It also reports on these workers by job sector; immigration status; eligibility for tax rebates under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act); and other characteristics. It finds that: Sixty-nine percent of all immigrants in the US labor force and 74 percent of undocumented workers are essential workers, compared to 65 percent of the native-born labor force. Seventy percent of refugees and 78 percent of Black refugees are essential workers. In all but eight US states, the foreign-born share of the essential workforce equals or exceeds that of all foreign-born workers, indicating that immigrant essential workers are disproportionately represented in the labor force. The percentage of undocumented essential workers exceeds that of native-born essential workers by nine percentage points in the 15 states with the largest labor force. In the ten largest MSAs, the percentages of undocumented and naturalized essential workers exceed the percentage of native-born essential workers by 12 and 6 percent, respectively. A total of 6.2 million essential workers are not eligible for relief payments under the CARES Act, as well as large numbers of their 3.8 million US citizen children (younger than age 17), including 1.2 million US citizen children living in households below the poverty level. The foreign-born comprise 33 percent of health care workers in New York State, 32 percent in California, 31 percent in New Jersey, 28 percent in Florida, 25 percent in Nevada and Maryland, 24 percent in Hawaii, 23 percent in Massachusetts, and 19 percent in Texas. Section I of the article describes the central policy paradox for foreign-born workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: that they are “essential” at very high rates, but many lack status and they have been marginalized by US immigration and COVID-19-related policies. Section II sets forth the article’s main findings. Section III outlines major policy recommendations.