bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myasthenia Gravis Misunderstood - Identifying the historical misinterpretations, miscommunication, and misconceptions
Authors: Beaupark Suzann 
Published: December 2024

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a serious disease and can present clinically with very severe symptoms in many patients; however, the fluctuating severity of MG results in the disease being commonly misdiagnosed as other conditions, including conversion disorder. The earliest recorded literature on MG provides evidence of the variability of signs and symptoms, including many patients who appeared to have mild symptoms initially but died suddenly and unexpectedly from MG. Often, these patients were initially believed to be suffering from hysteria.
This review analyzes some of the most prominent MG literature still cited today. It found that many communication errors have led to today’s misunderstandings and have continued to cause difficulties in diagnosis and difficulty in understanding the MG patients’ lived experiences. These errors include the intended meaning for ‘gravis’ being misinterpreted as ‘severe’ instead of the intended meaning of ‘a painful weight in the limbs’, the false belief that ‘gravis’ is Latin for ‘grave’ and how the miscommunication of the early 1900’s MG autopsy studies added to this confusion, where MG continued to be referred to as a ‘grave’ condition. The continued omission of the sensory symptoms associated with MG from the literature has also been miscommunicated for decades, however such symptoms are now becoming recognized as a result of increasing patient led research.
Myasthenia Gravis should continue to be regarded as a serious disease, due to the devastating effect on quality of life for many people, and the unpredictability of the myasthenic crisis potentially occurring in all people living with MG, including those who are undiagnosed. The dismissing of mild symptoms results in many MG patients remaining undiagnosed. The possibility that individuals in this group go on to become victims of Sudden Adult Unexplained Death (SUD) is yet to be investigated, and there is a need for research in this area.
Miscommunication also includes omitting ‘old knowledge,’ not listening to the patient’s lived experience, and failing to integrate relevant interdisciplinary knowledge. Good examples of these are The Mary Walker Effect, and combining patient lived experience with ocular anatomy and physiology knowledge to develop new MG-specific ocular motility clinical tests. A new test is presented for evaluating MG eye signs utilizing knowledge of the ‘Safety Factor,’ and is referred to as The SLOWLY Test (Significant Level Of Weakness, Loci in Y Axis).
Awareness of the historical misinterpretations, miscommunications, and misconceptions is crucial to preventing delay in diagnosis in MG patients, developing new clinical tests, rehabilitation interventions, and helping doctors and others understand the lived experience of MG patients.
Early Devonian Slab Melting of the Proto-Tethys Ocean: Insights from Adakitic Granitoids in the Jiayuguan Area, Hexi Corridor (NW China)
Authors: Mao Qigui , Xiao Wenjiao , Li Rui , Ao Songjian , Song Dongfang , Sang Miao , Wang Hao , Tan Zhou 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The tectonics of the Proto-Tethys Ocean during the Early Devonian are still heavily debated in the North Qilian orogen. In order to further constrain this issue, we explore geology, chronology, geochemistry, and isotopes of three newly discovered Early Devonian adakitic granitoids of the Jiayuguan complex in the North Qilian orogen, NW China. The granitoids exhibit typical adakitic geochemical signatures with high SiO2 (&gt;56%), Na, Al, and Sr contents, depleted in Yb and Y, and high Sr/Y (82–277) and (La/Yb)N (7.65–15.16) values. Additionally, their high Mg# (62–68) and εHf(t) (+6.5–+11.9) values indicate partial melting of slab genesis. However, they have comparatively low εNd(t) (−2.3–+0.13). Their incompatible Hf and Nd isotopes could be caused by contamination between the source magma and continental crust during the emplacement processes. The three adakitic granitoids yield zircon U–Pb ages of 415–403 Ma, implying that the northern Qilian Ocean was subducting until the Early Devonian (403 Ma) and that young/hot/ridge subduction formed the Jiayuguan adakitic granitoids. Combined with regional data, we propose that the Proto-Tethys Ocean was subducting until 403 Ma in the Qilian area.
Transparency in Music-Generative AI: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Batlle-Roca Roser , Gómez Emila , Liao WeiHsiang , Serra Xavier , Mitsufuji Yuki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Recent advancements in music-generative AI raise ethical, social, legal and economic concerns linked to artists’ work, the existing music industry model, the role of AI in creative processes, and intellectual property rights. Transparency, a pillar for trustworthy AI, is key to addressing the principal ethical implications of generative AI in the music domain. We analyse transparency approaches for generative AI in music with a two-stage systematic literature review, identifying 107 relevant publications. Findings reveal a growing interest in AI transparency and the ethical implications of generative models. Yet, transparent methodologies for music-generative AI remain an under-explored topic, highlighting such research gap and the need to expand research in this direction. To encourage future exploration, we created a dynamic list of relevant publications in a public repository to be updated with new research initiatives.
The dynamics of fast and slow earthquake ruptures in viscoelastic materials
Authors: Weng Huihui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Classical theories using linear elasticity predict that crack propagation asymptotically approaches a limiting speed, beyond which the energy balance becomes unphysical. How- ever, geophysical and laboratory observations show that ruptures can propagate at either a very low, stable speed or a significantly high speed. Here, we use numerical simulations to show that frictional ruptures in viscoelastic materials can steadily propagate at a terminal speed, rather than asymptotically approaching the classical speed limit. The simulated terminal speed spans a continuum of values, ranging from slow ruptures to supershear ruptures. We develop a new theory incorporating viscoelasticity to predict all simulated rupture speeds. In addition to the ratio of fracture energy to static energy release rate, we find that three length scales also play a crucial role in governing the energy balance during rupture in viscoelastic materials. The theory predicts that stable rupture speeds are energetically allowed to be very small, which helps explain the widespread occurrence of slow earthquakes. Beyond the classical speed limit, the energy balance becomes independent of macroscopic length scales, being controlled solely by the local properties around the rupture tip. Furthermore, we find that the viscoelasticity of fault zones is significant in earthquake rupture propagation, even when the fault-zone geometrical scales are short relative to other fault dimensions. These numerical and theoretical findings fundamentally advance our understanding of dynamic rupture propagation.
S-approximation spaces extension model based on item-polytomous perspective
Authors: Xie Xiaojie , Liao Shujiao , Li Jinjin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

S-approximation spaces are important extension models of two-universe. However, existing S-approximation spaces are unable to represent and process item-polytomous knowledge, which limits the application of this model to a certain extent. Therefore, it is necessary to address these problems with other models.For this purpose, this paper proposes a new extension model named polytomous S-approximation spaces. First, the concepts in polytomous S-approximation spaces are introduced and the basic properties of the model under different operations and assumptions are discussed. Second, this paper outlines a relationship between knowledge space theory and polytomous S-approximation spaces. The upper and lower approximations of family of sets in polytomous S-approximation spaces are researched.A new method is established, based on this, for constructing a special type of polytomous knowledge structures.Third, the upper and lower approximation numbers in polytomous S-approximation spaces are proposed. Moreover, the approximation numbers capture interesting properties.Finally, based on the approximation numbers, it constructs two kinds of matroidal structures.In addition, the operations in the obtained matroidal structures are investigated.Compared with other models, the proposed polytomous S-approximation spaces further enrich the S-approximation spaces theory and the polytomous generalization of knowledge space theory.
A SOC control method for reducing capacitor voltage fluctuations in MMC-BESS
Authors: Liu Zhan , Zhang Kai , Ren Daopeng , Chen Junru , Pu Weiling , Wang Guifeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The Modular Multilevel Converter-Battery Energy Storage System (MMC-BESS) possesses considerable potential for diverse applications. However, when controlling the State-of-Charge (SOC) balancing among various energy storage units, the utilization of circulating currents often leads to increased voltage fluctuations in the capacitors of individual units. To address this issue, a submodule battery SOC balancing control strategy is proposed, which does not require additional control measures on the MMC. Instead, SOC balancing is achieved through the switching control of bidirectional DC/DC converters. Initially, the power transfer relationships within the MMC-BESS are derived, and the principles of battery SOC balancing are studied based on its mathematical model. By solely adjusting the duty cycles of the bidirectional DC/DC converter switches, the achievement of SOC balance among the three phases and within the individual phase during the charging and discharging of the submodule is accomplished without any adverse impact on the capacitance of the submodule. Finally, the performance of the proposed controller is successfully validated through the construction of a main circuit on the Typhoon HIL402 Hardware-in-the-Loop experimental platform.
Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion to Predict Arterial Hypotension Caused by Spinal Anesthesia in Caesarian Section
Authors: Gülaştı Ferdi , Gülaştı Sevil , Çelik Eray Çağlayan , Sarı sinem 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Serious hypotension may develop following Spinal Anesthesia (SA) in Cesarean Section surgeries, because of the pressure of the pregnant uterus on the inferior vena cava and the effect of SA. The search for predicting hypotension that occurs because of SA in Cesarean Section surgery continues. In the present study, the purpose was to investigate the role of Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) in predicting hypotension following Spinal Anesthesia in Cesarean Section surgeries.
Method
This observational study was designed for pregnant female cases aged 20 to 35 years. A total of 60 patients with Class II American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, prepared for elective Cesarean Section under SA, and gave informed consent were included in the study.
TAPSE and Right Ventricular (RV) function measurements were made on the patients with Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE) before Spinal Anesthesia and intraoperative hemodynamic measurements were recorded.
Results
TAPSE was found to be statistically significant in predicting the development of hypotension following Spinal Anesthesia in Cesarean Section surgery in the present study. The optimal cut-off value of TAPSE for diagnostic yield £was 2.59. The sensitivity and specificity of this cut-off value were 66.7% and 77.3%.
Conclusion
The TAPSE value of £ 2.59 cm performed with TTE before Spinal Anesthesia was predictive of hypotension in the present study.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05874687 Date: May 25, 2023
Penguin osteohistology, the key role of the Internal Circumferential Layer in gender determination
Authors: Garat Luis Marcial , Talevi Marianella , Hospitaleche Carolina Acosta 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the osteohistological variation in Sphenisciformes, focusing on the microstructural patterns associated with medullary bone (MB) and the inner circumferential layer (ICL) across several species, including Aptenodytes forsteri, Pygoscelis antarctica, P. papua and Spheniscus magellanicus. Histological sections of both appendicular and axial skeletons were analysed, revealing significant variations in the presence of MB and ICL across taxa. We aimed to expand the understanding of microanatomy and histology in Sphenisciformes by describing these variations and testing a hypothesis regarding sexual dimorphism based on ICL presence. Key findings include the identification of MB in all specimens, while S. magellanicus exhibited a more limited distribution of MB. Additionally, females of P. antarctica and A. forsteri had an ICL, although this layer was partially remodelled due to osteoclastic activity linked to egg-laying. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion of gender discrimination in extant and extinct penguin taxa and highlight the importance of MB and ICL in understanding reproductive and developmental histories. Our results suggest that, although the ICL may not be an absolute indicator of sex, its absence or remodelling in adult individuals may serve as a useful tool to differentiate females, even in the fossil record. Furthermore, the variability in MB distribution in S. magellanicus suggests dietary influences, specifically calcium intake, which warrants further investigation under controlled conditions.
Lifespan in rodents with MYT1L heterozygous mutation
Authors: Schreiber Allyson , Swift Raylynn G. , Wilson Leslie , Kroll Kristen L. , Dougherty Joseph D. , Maloney Susan E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

MYT1L syndrome is a newly recognized disorder characterized by intellectual disability, speech and motor delay, neuroendocrine disruptions, ADHD, and autism. In order to study this gene and its association with these phenotypes, our lab recently created a Myt1l heterozygous mutant mouse inspired by a clinically relevant mutation. This model recapitulates several of the physical and neurologic abnormalities seen in humans with MYT1L syndrome, such as weight gain, microcephaly, and behavioral disruptions. The majority of patients with this syndrome are young, and little is known about the impact of age on health and mortality in these patients. Using a Myt1l mutant mouse, we examined the impact of Myt1l mutation on body weights, lifespan, and histopathology findings of mice at the end of life. This cohort of heterozygous mice demonstrated increased body weight across the lifespan, however there was no significant difference in lifespan, apparent cause of death, or end of life histopathological findings between Myt1l heterozygous and wildtype mice. These findings suggest while Myt1l heterozygous mutation may influence overall brain development, it does not strongly impact other organ systems in the body over time.
A Novel Healthcare Monitoring System using Optimal Hybrid DL, AR and IoT
Authors: Ganesan G , Poonkuntran S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The growth of IoT in modern days helps devices to work productively and efficiently. However, the device needs human intervention for timely assistance. The proposed design consists of transmitter and receiver side, the transmitter side comprises of various sensors connected with the Raspberry Pi module and is connected to the camera and Wi-Fi module. The transmitted data are recognized and classified at the receiver side for any unstable healthcare condition of the employees or patients which could be connected and monitored over Augmented reality. Once the abnormal status is detected, an alert will be sent to the caretaker or physician to take necessary actions. The performance estimation is made in terms of various performance metrics and the comparison made with the existing system reveals that the proposed model is effective over other conventional schemes.
The Impact of Digital Finance on Financial Inclusion in East African Countries
Authors: Gonfa Dilgasa Bedada , Gonfa Dilgasa Bedada 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This study develops an evaluation framework for the digital effect on the financial inclusion that can be used to compare different countries. It measures the amount that is digital financing and financial inclusion across nine countries and calculates an index of these two concepts using secondary data from the World Bank's as well as the International Monetary Fund. Subsequently, the researcher uses panel data and methodology for nine nations to investigate the relationship between digital banking and financial inclusion. Employed STATA version 18 for analysis and the fixed-effects model of econometric instruments. The researcher created DF and FI indices using PCA across nine East African countries (EAC) for fifteen years period in order to evaluate the impact. This index was created by combining a number of important financial inclusion and digital finance metrics. Based on these components stayed calculated using the principal component analysis method which the mean value of 0.00000444 indicates that there was negative use of digital finance in the Eastern African countries (EAC) from 2008 to 2022. This implies that digital finance in EAC is like infant age in the region. However, in terms of digital money usage, Kenya leads the pack, Ethiopia is in the middle, and the rest lag behind. The E AC's Digital Finance varies from the mean by 1.000001, with the largest value in the region being 2.809177 and the minimum being − 1.846987. The results show that there is a significantly positive relationship between digital finance and financial inclusion through East African countries. As a result, automated machine tellers and digital finance have a significant positive impact on financial inclusion, while income, population density, and the growth of the rural population have a negative significant effect.
Comparative Study of AI Models for Pathological Fractures Identification in Spinal Metastases
Authors: Zhang Yaowen , Qin Zihan , Bao Nan , Li Hong , Liu Zhen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Bone metastasis is a common complication in most malignant tumors, with the spine being a frequent site of metastasis. Cancerous spinal bone metastases can easily lead to pathological fractures, resulting in pain, neurological deficits, and a deterioration in the quality of life for patients. Therefore, early identification of pathological fractures in spinal metastases is crucial for improving the survival quality of patients with advanced cancer. This retrospective study collected CT imaging data from 140 patients with spinal bone metastases and resultant fractures, including 77 male and 63 female patients, with an age range of 34 to 79 years. The study began by preprocessing the CT images and had experienced radiologists annotate the fractures. Subsequently, deep learning-based models, single-stage YOLO-v5, YOLO-v7, and YOLO-v8, as well as the two-stage Faster R-CNN, were constructed and analyzed to detect pathological fractures caused by cancerous spinal metastases. Experimental results indicate that these AI models achieved favorable detection performance, with YOLO-v8 demonstrating the best performance on an independent testing set, achieving a precision of 0.999, a recall rate of 0.998, and a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.991. The vertebral fracture identification model based on YOLO-v8 can provide strong technical support for clinical diagnosis.
Systematic Identification and Validation of ceRNA-driven Regulatory Mechanisms in Pediatric β-Thalassemia Major
Authors: Wu Tao , Ren Zhenmin , Liu Xiaorong , Xing Zhihao , Fu Xiaoying , Li Wujiao , Chen Moxian , Li Defa , Chen Yunsheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The involvement of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in β-thalassemia major (β-TM) and their actions on γ-globin is unclear. Here, three types of RNA sequence information—circularRNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and mRNA—have been largely collected by transcriptome sequencing in β-TM and compared with those of healthy individuals. As GATA2 is a key transcription factor involved in the regulation of γ-globin expression, bioinformatics was employed to construct a GATA2‑associated ceRNA network. The hsa_circ_0005245_hsa-miR-425-3p_GATA2pathway was verified by qRT-PCR analysis of β-TM samples, RNA immunoprecipitation and dual‑luciferase reporter analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that overexpression of hsa_circ_0005245, hsa-miR-425-3p, and GATA2 in HUDEP2 cells individually led to increased γ-globin levels. In conclusion, a novel hsa_circ_0005245_hsa-miR-425-3p_GATA2 pathway affects the expression of γ-globin, providing more information for the clinical management of β-TM patients.
Spatio-temporal separating analysis of NDVI evolution and driving factors: a case study in Nanchang, China
Authors: Li Jiatong , Wu Hua , Guo Qiyun , Xu Yue , Li Huishan , Liu Sihang , Zhu Jiaqi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Investigating vegetation coverage and quantitatively evaluating environmental changes can serve as the science knowledge in ecological protection, resource management, and policy-making, promoting harmonious coexistence between human and nature. In this study, we had explored the separation in space and time of evolutionary characteristics and driving factors of NDVI in Nanchang City from 2000 to 2022 based on Hurst Exponent, ReliefF feature selection algorithm, Geographical detector and so on. The results are: (1) From temporal dimension, the average NDVI in Nanchang City was 0.453, showing an overall upward trend. Although the growth rate gradually slowed over time. (2) In terms of spatial changes, vegetation in Nanchang City overall exhibited a characteristic of reverse sustained development, showing trends of "improvement around rivers and lakes" and "large-scale degradation of urban land." (3) The ReliefF proved to be more suitable among the three algorithms in the temporal dimension-driven analysis. Human factors are the dominant factors significantly influencing the changes in NDVI, while meteorological factors are not as significant. (4) The driver-analysis of geographical dector shows that population density, nighttime lights, and land cover types emerged as significant driving factors. Regions where NDVI and human factors have negative correlation are primarily centred in the heart of Nanchang City and Jinxian County; while the positive correlations are found around rivers and lakes. This study delves into the changing patterns of vegetation cover in Nanchang City, providing scientific guidance for the protection and regulation the regional ecological environment to bring about a sustainable development.