bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schizophrenia and “unmet needs”: From diagnosis to care in Italy
Authors: Galderisi Silvana , Riva Marco A. , Girardi Paolo , Amore Mario , Carpiniello Bernardo , Aguglia Eugenio , Fagiolini Andrea , Mucci Armida , Vita Antonio 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background.
Schizophrenia is a leading cause of disability. People living with schizophrenia (PLWS) present unemployment, social isolation, excess mortality and morbidity, and poor quality of life. Early recognition and appropriate treatment reduce the risk of chronicity and comorbidity. Personalization and integration of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions, as well as accurate identification and management of psychiatric and somatic comorbidities, can significantly improve mental and physical health of PLWS, promoting recovery.

Methods.
A three-step Delphi approach was used to explore consensus on the essential components of early recognition and intervention, personalization, and integration of care to improve schizophrenia outcome, and on barriers and challenges to close treatment gaps. The consensus involved 8 Italian experts of schizophrenia, 100 psychiatrists from academic and nonacademic settings, including representatives of Italian Society of Psychiatry, and 65 trainees in psychiatry.

Results.
A strong consensus (from mostly agree to totally agree) emerged on the importance of early diagnosis (97%), standardized assessments (91%), correct management of somatic and psychiatric comorbidities (99%), and personalization and integration of care (94%). Lack of time, human resources, and training were identified as the main barriers and challenges to the translation of knowledge into clinical practice.

Conclusions.
The results of this Delphi study demonstrated a strong consensus on main components of schizophrenia care, as well as on unmet needs to promote best practice and gaps between knowledge and clinical practice. The involvement of a large group of professionals and trainees in this in-depth consensus process might contribute to raise awareness and stimulate innovative strategies to improve the outcome of PLWS.
Factors Affecting Sentinel Node Metastasis in Thin (T1) Cutaneous Melanomas: Development and External Validation of a Predictive Nomogram
Authors: Maurichi Andrea , Miceli Rosalba , Eriksson Hanna , Newton-Bishop Julia , Nsengimana Jérémie , Chan May , Hayes Andrew J. , Heelan Kara , Adams David , Patuzzo Roberto , Barretta Francesco , Gallino Gianfranco , Harwood Catherine , Bergamaschi Daniele , Bennett Dorothy , Lasithiotakis Konstantinos , Ghiorzo Paola , Dalmasso Bruna , Manganoni Ausilia , Consoli Francesca , Mattavelli Ilaria , Barbieri Consuelo , Leva Andrea , Cortinovis Umberto , Espeli Vittoria , Mangas Cristina , Quaglino Pietro , Ribero Simone , Broganelli Paolo , Pellacani Giovanni , Longo Caterina , Del Forno Corrado , Borgognoni Lorenzo , Sestini Serena , Pimpinelli Nicola , Fortunato Sara , Chiarugi Alessandra , Nardini Paolo , Morittu Elena , Florita Antonio , Cossa Mara , Valeri Barbara , Milione Massimo , Pruneri Giancarlo , Zoras Odysseas , Anichini Andrea , Mortarini Roberta , Santinami Mario 
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE Thin melanomas (T1; ≤ 1 mm) constitute 70% of newly diagnosed cutaneous melanomas. Regional node metastasis determined by sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is an important prognostic factor for T1 melanoma. However, current melanoma guidelines do not provide clear indications on when to perform SNB in T1 disease and stress an individualized approach to SNB that considers all clinicopathologic risk factors. We aimed to identify determinants of sentinel node (SN) status for incorporation into an externally validated nomogram to better select patients with T1 disease for SNB. PATIENTS AND METHODS The development cohort comprised 3,666 patients with T1 disease consecutively treated at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori (Milan, Italy) between 2001 and 2018; 4,227 patients with T1 disease treated at 13 other European centers over the same period formed the validation cohort. A random forest procedure was applied to the development data set to select characteristics associated with SN status for inclusion in a multiple binary logistic model from which a nomogram was elaborated. Decision curve analyses assessed the clinical utility of the nomogram. RESULTS Of patients in the development cohort, 1,635 underwent SNB; 108 patients (6.6%) were SN positive. By univariable analysis, age, growth phase, Breslow thickness, ulceration, mitotic rate, regression, and lymphovascular invasion were significantly associated with SN status. The random forest procedure selected 6 variables (not growth phase) for inclusion in the logistic model and nomogram. The nomogram proved well calibrated and had good discriminative ability in both cohorts. Decision curve analyses revealed the superior net benefit of the nomogram compared with each individual variable included in it as well as with variables suggested by current guidelines. CONCLUSION We propose the nomogram as a decision aid in all patients with T1 melanoma being considered for SNB.
McGrath Video Laryngoscope Versus Macintosh Direct Laryngoscopy for Intubation of Morbidly Obese Patients: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Ruetzler Kurt , Rivas Eva , Cohen Barak , Mosteller Lauretta , Martin Adriana , Keebler Allen , Maheshwari Kamal , Steckner Karen , Wang Mi , Praveen Chahar , Khanna Sandeep , Makarova Natalya , Sessler Daniel I. , Turan Alparslan 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:
Two-thirds of the US population is considered obese and about 8% morbidly obese. Obese patients may present a unique challenge to anesthesia clinicians in airway management. Videolaryngoscopes may provide better airway visualization, which theoretically improves intubation success. However, previous work in morbidly obese patients was limited. We therefore tested the primary hypothesis that the use of McGrath video laryngoscope improves visualization of the vocal cords versus Macintosh direct laryngoscopy (Teleflex, Morrisville, NC) in morbidly obese patients.

METHODS:
We enrolled 130 surgical patients, aged 18–99 years, with a body mass index ≥40 kg/m2 and American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I–III. Patients were randomly allocated 1:1—stratified for patient’s body mass index ≥50 kg/m2—to McGrath video laryngoscope versus direct laryngoscopy with a Macintosh blade. The study groups were compared on glottis visualization, defined as improved Cormack and Lehane classification, with proportional odds logistic regression model.

RESULTS:
McGrath video laryngoscope provided significantly better glottis visualization than Macintosh direct laryngoscopy with an estimated odds ratio of 4.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2–9.8; P < .01). We did not observe any evidence that number of intubation attempts and failed intubations increased or decreased.

CONCLUSIONS:
McGrath video laryngoscope improves glottis visualization versus Macintosh direct laryngoscopy in morbidly obese patients. Large clinical trials are needed to determine whether improved airway visualization with videolaryngoscopy reduces intubation attempts and failures.
Potential Implementation of Reactive Balance Training within Continuing Care Retirement Communities
Authors: Aviles Jessica , Porter Gwenndolyn C. , Estabrooks Paul A. , Alexander Neil B. , Madigan Michael L. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing reactive balance training (RBT) in continuing care retirement communities, as a part of typical practice in these facilities.

Methods
RBT, a task-specific exercise program, consisted of repeatedly exposing participants to trip-like perturbations on a modified treadmill to improve reactive balance and subsequently reduce fall risk. Semistructured interviews were conducted with retirement community residents (RBT participants) and administrators, to assess the organizational context, perceptions of evidence for falls prevention, and facilitation strategies that could improve the likelihood of implementing RBT as a falls prevention program.

Results
Contextual factors such as leadership support, culture of change, evaluation capabilities, and receptivity to RBT among administrators and health leaders at the participating retirement communities could facilitate future implementation. The cost associated with RBT (e.g., equipment and personnel), resident recruitment, and accessibility of RBT for many residents were identified as primary barriers related to the intervention. Participants perceived observable health benefits after completing RBT, and had increased awareness toward tripping and greater confidence with respect to mobility. Across interviewees, potential barriers for implementation regarding facilitation revolved around the compatibility and customizability for different participant capabilities that would need to be considered before adopting RBT.

Conclusion
RBT could fill a need in retirement communities, and the findings provide areas of context, characteristics of the intervention, and facilitation approaches that could improve uptake.
Measuring Information Preferences
Authors: Ho Emily H. , Hagmann David , Loewenstein George 
Published: March 2020

Advances in medical testing and widespread access to the internet have made it easier than ever to obtain information. Yet, when it comes to some of the most important decisions in life, people often choose to remain ignorant for a variety of psychological and economic reasons. We design and validate an information preferences scale to measure an individual’s desire to obtain or avoid information that may be unpleasant but could improve future decisions. The scale measures information preferences in three domains that are psychologically and materially consequential: consumer finance, personal characteristics, and health. In three studies incorporating responses from over 2,300 individuals, we present tests of the scale’s reliability and validity. We show that the scale predicts a real decision to obtain (or avoid) information in each of the domains as well as decisions from out-of-sample, unrelated domains. Across settings, many respondents prefer to remain in a state of active ignorance even when information is freely available. Moreover, we find that information preferences are a stable trait but that an individual’s preference for information can differ across domains. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
To what extent does evidence support decision making during infectious disease outbreaks? A scoping literature review
Authors: Salajan Andreea , Tsolova Svetla , Ciotti Massimo , Suk Jonathan E. 
Published: March 2020

Background:Infectious disease outbreaks require decision makers to make rapid decisions under time pressure and situations of scientific uncertainty, and yet the role of evidence usage in these contexts is poorly understood.
Aims and objectives:To define and contextualise the role of scientific evidence in the governance of infectious disease outbreaks and to identify recommendations for overcoming common barriers to evidence-informed decision making.
Methods:A scoping review and an expert workshop to provide additional input into recommendations on enhancing evidence uptake during infectious disease outbreaks taking place in European settings.
Findings:Forty-nine records reporting on multiple decision-making processes during infectious disease outbreaks of the past ten years were included in the study. Decision makers prioritise expert advice, epidemiological data and mathematical modelling data for risk characterisation and management, but tend to be challenged by scientific uncertainties, which allow for conflicting interpretations of evidence and for public criticism and contestation of decision-making processes. There are concrete opportunities for optimising evidence usage to improve public health policy and practice through investment in decision-making competencies, relationship building, and promoting transparent decision-making processes.
Discussion and conclusions:It is not necessarily a disregard of evidence that puts a strain on decision making in health crises, but rather competing interests and the lack of clear, unambiguous and rapidly available evidence for risk characterisation and effectiveness of response measures.
The relationship between science and public health decision making is relatively understudied but is deserving of greater attention, so as to ensure that the pursuit of evidence for decision making does not challenge timely and effective crisis management.
High Verdet constant of Te20As30Se50 glass in the mid-infrared
Authors: Mollaee Masoud , Lucas Pierre , Ari Julien , Zhu Xiushan , Lukowski Michal , Manzur Tariq , Peyghambarian N. 
Published: March 2020

Magneto-optical properties of tellurium-arsenic-selenium glass (

T
e

20

A
s

30

S
e

50

) were measured and analyzed. A Verdet constant of 15.18 rad/T/m at 1950 nm with the figure of merit of more than 8.72 rad/T, which is the highest value reported in glass materials at this wavelength, was measured. Compared to other chalcogenide glasses, such as

G
e

10

S
e

90

and

G
e

25

A
s

15

S

60

,

T
e

20

A
s

30

S
e

50

glass exhibits higher Verdet constants, broader mid-infrared transparency window, and longer infrared absorption edge, making it a very promising material to fabricate magneto-optical devices for mid-infrared applications.
Potential invalidity of the decision of a public administrative body as a result of the conviction of a person performing a function
Authors: Szulc Piotr 
Published: March 2020

The article presents the reflections on the potential invalidity of an administrative decision of a public administrative body as a result of the conviction of a person performing a function for an offence under Polish law. Firstly, the author analyses the legal situation of a person convicted for an offence under the Election Code (Kodeks wyborczy), the Act on Self-Government Employees (Ustawa o pracownikach samorządowych) and the Labour Code (Kodeks pracy). He examines in detail the discrepancies between the three legislative acts which may influence the legal position of a convicted person. The conclusion is that a person with the final and valid judgment for intentional offence prosecuted by public indictment to a fine or to penalty of imprisonment retains a passive electoral right in the elections for the mayor, however it seems that under the Act on Self-Government Employees it will not be possible to establish an employment relationship with such a person to work in the capacity of a self-government employee based on election. Secondly, the author analyses the potential invalidity of administrative decisions issued by a person convicted for an offence. The two conditions that could be taken into account as grounds for declaring the invalidity of an administrative decision in the context of the conviction are: a lack of jurisdiction of the authority as a condition of declaring the invalidity of a decision and a gross breach of law as a condition of declaring invalidity of a decision. The analysis of the selected conditions leads to a conclusion that there are no grounds for declaring the invalidity of a decision, as the regulations on jurisdiction will not be breached and the decision will not be issued in gross breach of law. Therefore, even if one were to consider that under the Act on Self-Government Employees a given person cannot be a self-government em­ployee, it seems that this does not prevent the issuance of administrative decisions.
Is Technology Really Inclusive? Some Suggestions from States Run Algorithmic Programmes
Authors: Bertolini Elisa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The article aims at challenging the narrative that technology is inclusive with respect to states run algorithmic programmes and discusses that states resorting more frequently to technology, in particular to algorithm, are altering the traditional paradigm of the relationship between the state and the individual. Algorithm is indeed progressively twisting the traditional form of state toward a more exclusive, accountable-free and controlling form of state. The dichotomy inclusiveness/exclusiveness is at the centre of the analysis, because the state justifies resorting to algorithm by claiming that it is the suitable tool to address state’s deficiencies and making the state more efficient and effective. Hence, the state is abdicating the exercise of some important functions to the algorithm. The analysis of the most relevant algorithmic programmes implemented by states so far in the judiciary and in the welfare sector proves that the algorithm is perpetuating social bias and discrimination, thus raising significant criticalities in terms of infringements of the rule of law.
MPPT Control of PMSG Based Small-Scale Wind Energy Conversion System Connected to DC-Bus
Authors: Dursun Emre Hasan , Kulaksiz Ahmet Afsin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
While the use of renewable energy systems in electric power generation is increasing more and more, wind energy conversion systems (WECS) receive considerable attention among these. Thanks to the ability of power generation in all wind speed range by controlling the rotor speed, Variable Speed WECSs are more preferred than fixed speed WECSs. When considering small-scale applications in variable speed WECS, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based WECS structures are focus of the interest due to their advantages such as high efficiency and low maintenance costs. The generator must be operated at an optimum speed to obtain maximum power from the WECS. Moreover, different Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods can be used to control and determine optimal operating speed. In this paper, WECS configuration consists of PMSG, uncontrolled rectifier, DC link capacitor, DC-DC boost converter and DC-Bus. Capturing the maximum power from WECS and supplying the DC-Bus is performed via tip speed ratio and PI control (TSR-PI) based MPPT method. Moreover, two wind speed profiles having constant and instant changes are created to test the performance of the proposed method. For comparison purposes, perturbation & observation (P&O) based MPPT method is also carried out in here. According to obtained results from this study performed in Matlab/Simulink environment, it is verified that TSR-PI based MPPT method ensures higher power and efficiency for these wind speed profiles by means of a more successful generator speed tracking.
Bounds on F-index of tricyclic graphs with fixed pendant vertices
Authors: Akram Sana , Javaid Muhammad , Jamal Muhammad 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The F-index F(G) of a graph G is obtained by the sum of cubes of the degrees of all the vertices in G. It is defined in the same paper of 1972 where the first and second Zagreb indices are introduced to study the structure-dependency of total π-electron energy. Recently, Furtula and Gutman [J. Math. Chem. 53 (2015), no. 4, 1184–1190] reinvestigated F-index and proved its various properties. A connected graph with order n and size m, such that m = n + 2, is called a tricyclic graph. In this paper, we characterize the extremal graphs and prove the ordering among the different subfamilies of graphs with respect to F-index in
$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
{\it\Omega}^{\alpha}_n
\end{array}$, where
$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
{\it\Omega}^{\alpha}_n
\end{array}$ is a complete class of tricyclic graphs with three, four, six and seven cycles, such that each graph has α ≥ 1 pendant vertices and n ≥ 16 + α order. Mainly, we prove the bounds (lower and upper) of F(G), i.e

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
8n+12\alpha +76\leq F(G)\leq 8(n-1)-7\alpha + (\alpha+6)^3 ~\mbox{for each}~ G\in {\it\Omega}^{\alpha}_n.
\end{array}$$
On factors affecting surface free energy of carbon black for reinforcing rubber
Authors: Zhang Shangyong , Zhong Ruipeng , Hong Ruoyu , Hui David 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The surface activity of carbon black (CB) is an important factor affecting the reinforcement of rubber. The quantitative determination of the surface activity (surface free energy) of CB is of great significance. A simplified formula is obtained to determine the free energy of CB surface through theoretical analysis and mathematical derivation. The surface free energy for four kinds of industrial CBs were measured by inverse gas chromatography, and the influential factors were studied. The results showed that the aging time of the chromatographic column plays an important role in accurate measurement of the surface free energy of CB, in comparison with the influences from the inlet pressure and carrier gas flow rate of the chromatographic column filled with CB. Several kinds of industrial CB were treated at high temperature, and the surface free energy of CB had a significant increase. With the increase of surface free energy, the maximum torque was decreased significantly, the elongation at break tended to increase, the heat generation of vulcanizates was increased, and the wear resistance was decreased.
Defence Spending and Unemployment in the USA: Disaggregated Analysis by Gender and Age Groups
Authors: Kollias Christos , Paleologou Suzanna-Maria , Tzeremes Panayiotis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe paper examines the effects of military spending using disaggregated unemployment statistics by gender and age group for the period 1948–2017 in the case of the USA. Findings from quantile regression analysis do not seem to point to any robust evidence supporting the thesis that defence spending quashes unemployment levels. This finding appears to be the case across all groups of unemployed persons. In fact, the results suggest a negative effect on unemployment.
Clinical efficacy of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists in reducing propofol injection pain, postoperative nausea/vomiting and shivering: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Wenjie , Zhou Jie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists in reducing propofol injection pain, postoperative nausea/ vomiting, and shivering through pooling the available published data.

Methods Prospective randomized clinical studies relevant to 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in reducing propofol injection pain published before June 2019 were identified from four electronic databases, Pubmed, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, EMBASE and Wanfang. The incidence of propofol injection pain, postoperative nausea/vomiting, and shivering in patients after 5-HT3 receptor antagonists were compared to relevant control groups by pooling the individual data through random or fixed-effect models. The publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and Egger’s line regression test.

Results After screening, a total of 19 publications relevant to 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in reducing propofol injection pain and prevention of postoperative nausea/vomiting or shivering were included for analysis. The pooled results demonstrated that 5-HT3 receptor antagonists could significantly reduce the total propofol injection pain compared to placebo (RR=0.49, 95%CI:0.45-0.54, P<0.05). For mild propofol injection pain, there was no statistical difference between 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and control groups (RR=1.07,95%CI:0.89-1.29, P>0.05). However, for moderate (RR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.31-0.46, P<0.05) and severe (RR=0.19, 95%CI:0.14-0.27, P<0.05) propofol injection pain, the incidence in 5-HT3 receptor antagonists was significantly lower than that of control groups. The pooled results also indicated that incidence of postoperative nausea/vomiting (RR=0.28, 95%CI:0.17-0.44, P<0.05) and postoperative shivering (RR=0.33, 95%CI:0.23-0.48, P<0.05) were significantly reduced in 5-HT3 receptor antagonists group compared to control group with a statistical difference.

Conclusion: In this meta-analysis, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists effectively reduced propofol injection pain, postoperative nausea/vomiting, and shivering.