bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Price Discovery in the United States Dairy Industry
Authors: Bolotova Yuliya V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The organized Exchange spot (cash) cheese market is a private industry institution that has historically performed a primary price discovery function in the U.S. dairy industry. In addition to affecting cheese prices in contract cheese market, the Exchange spot cheese prices have influenced prices paid for milk at the farm level that are set within the system of Federal Milk Marketing Orders (FMMOs). The effects that the Exchange spot cheese market has on FMMOs milk pricing attract increased attention in light of the recent concerns about increasing milk price volatility and its effect on the dairy farm profitability. While the design of milk pricing within FMMOs has evolved over the last three decades, the effects of the Exchange spot cheese prices on FMMOs milk pricing have intensified. The research analyzes the conduct and performance of the Exchange spot cheese market during three FMMOs milk pricing regimes (Minnesota-Wisconsin price regime, Basic Formula Price and modern Multiple Component Pricing regime), with a particular focus on the Exchange spot cheese price behavior.
Time–Frequency Regression
Authors: Funashima Yoshito 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Wavelet analysis is widely used to trace macroeconomic and financial phenomena in time–frequency domains. However, existing wavelet measures diverge from conventional regression estimators. Furthermore, a direct comparison between wavelet and traditional regression analyses is difficult. In this study, we modify the partial wavelet gain to provide an estimator that corresponds to the ordinary least squares estimator at each point of the time–frequency space. We argue that from the viewpoint of practical applications, the modified partial wavelet gain is suitable for contemporary regressions across time and frequencies, whereas the original partial wavelet gain is suitable for evaluating an aggregate relationship of contemporaneous and lead-lag relationships.
A class of inverse problems for fractional order degenerate evolution equations
Authors: Fedorov Vladimir E. , Nagumanova Anna V. , Kostić Marko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The criteria of the well-posedness is obtained for an inverse problem to a class of fractional order in the sense of Caputo degenerate evolution equations with a relatively bounded pair of operators and with the generalized Showalter–Sidorov initial conditions. It is formulated in terms of the relative spectrum of the pair and of the characteristic function of the problem. Sufficient conditions of the unique solvability are obtained for a similar problem with the Cauchy initial condition. For these purposes the unique solvability of the same inverse problem was studied
for the equation with a bounded operator near an unknown function, which is solved with respect to the fractional derivative.
General results are applied to the inverse problem research for the time fractional system of equations describing the dynamics of a viscoelastic fluid in the weakly degenerate and the strongly degenerate cases.
Variation method solving of the inverse problems for Schrödinger-type equation
Authors: Pashaev Arif Mir Calal , Iskenderov Asaf Dashdamir , Yaqubov Qabil Yavar , Musaeva Matanet Asaf 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A variation method for solving the inverse problems of determining of the complex quantum potential in a nonlinear non-stationary Schrödinger-type equation with final and boundary observations is considered. The existence and uniqueness theorem of the solution of the variation formulation of the inverse problem is proved, the continuity and continuous differentiability of the quality criterion are established, the formula for its gradient is found, the necessary condition of optimality is proved and iterative regularization of the solution is indicated.
Greek, Latin, and more: Multilingualism at the ecumenical Council of Chalcedon
Authors: Mari Tommaso 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Council of Chalcedon was a multilingual event, but its multilingual situation was unbalanced. Most attendees spoke Greek, which was de facto the official language of the council. The Roman delegates spoke in Latin, presumably for symbolic reasons, and their statements were translated simultaneously into Greek. The difference of language was no apparent obstacle to communication; this can be seen best in the third session, which was efficiently chaired by the chief of the Roman delegation. Although the translations recorded in the Acts are generally reliable, there are some differences between the Latin and Greek versions reflecting political differences between the Sees of Rome and Constantinople. Languages other than Greek and Latin were spoken, as for example Syriac, but their role was marginal. The original minutes of the Council of Chalcedon reflected the “unbalanced” multilingualism of the assembly; they were mostly in Greek but preserved some parts in Latin. With time, and with Latin fading in the East, they lost the parts in Latin and became unilingual; at the same time, the Greek Acts were translated into Latin for a Latin-speaking western audience.
Nominalization as a typological phenomenon: A comparison between Latin and Australian languages: Types and tokens
Authors: Panagl Oswald , Schweiger Fritz 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study deals both with action nouns as a semantic class of word formation and with nominalization as a derivational process via offering a lot of relevant data in a kind of typological confrontation. Oswald Panagl investigates Latin examples applying criteria such as productivity, regularity, semantic transparency and syntactic behavior. As a result, he denotes derivations in -tiōn as the most vivid and active type of action noun delivering almost countless tokens. As a special case he treats the nominalizations in -tu becoming productive when they establish the grammatical category of supine in -tum. This procedure of a switch from derivation to inflection represents a sort of grammaticalization. He offers a scale model of increasing concretization (action–result–instrument–location–agents) exemplified with items from a variety of languages. Fritz Schweiger’s research presents a series of data from the Australian languages (Alyawarra, Bunuba, Diyari, Djapu, Gumbaynggir, Guugu Yimidhirr, Kalkatungu, Uradhi, Wambaya, and Wardaman). The author defines and analyzes the morpholo gical principles of word formation in his linguistic material and classifies the data arte legis. Because of the specific situation and the complex interrelations within this linguistic group of tongues investigated in this paper, it seems nearly impossible to develop and apply criteria of the common sort for uncovering genealogical kinship.
Association between muscle strength and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: de Lima Tiago R. , Martins Priscila C. , Torre Giuseppe L. , Mannocci Alice , Silva Kelly S. , Silva Diego A.S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to identify and summarize evidence for the association between muscle strength (MS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), and MS and combinations of risk factors for MetS in children and adolescents. Five databases (Medline/PubMed, EBSCO, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) were searched up to November 2019 with complementary reference list searches. Inclusion criteria were studies that investigated the relationship between MS and MetS or MS and combinations of risk factors for MetS in children and adolescents (≤19 years of age). Risk of bias was assessed using standard procedures. From the total of 15,599 articles initially identified, 13 articles were included, representing 11,641 children and adolescents. Higher MS values were associated with lower risk for MetS or combinations of risk factors for MetS (n=11/13 studies). Of the total of included studies, about 23.1% (03/13) were longitudinal and all included studies were classified as having a moderate risk of bias. This review provides preliminary evidence for a beneficial relationship between MS and MetS among children and adolescents. Additionally, although the body of evidence points to the beneficial relationship between higher MS and lower risk for combination of factors for MetS in children and adolescents, this relationship is inconclusive.
Graphene-coupled nanowire hybrid plasmonic gap mode–driven catalytic reaction revealed by surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Li Ze , Pan Yan , You Qingzhang , Zhang Lisheng , Zhang Duan , Fang Yan , Wang Peijie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The single-layer graphene (SLG)-coupled nanowire (NW) hybrid plasmonic gap mode (PGM)-driven molecular catalytic reaction was investigated experimentally and theoretically. First, an SLG-coupled NW was constructed, then the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect of graphene in the hybrid plasmonic gap was studied via the normal and oblique incidence of excitation light. The SERS peaks of the D and G of graphene are more intensely enhanced by oblique incidence than by normal incidence. Furthermore, the catalytic reaction of the dimerization of the 4-nitrobenzenethiol molecule to p,p′-dimercaptoazobenzene molecule driven by PGM was carried out by SERS. It was demonstrated that the efficiency of the PGM-driven catalytic reaction is much higher for oblique incidence than that for normal incidence. The mechanism of the PGM-driven catalytic reaction was studied by a finite-difference time-domain numerical simulation. When the PGM is excited by oblique incidence with θ = 30°, the coupling between the NW and SLG/SiO2 substrate increases to the maximum value. This is clearly evidenced by the excitation of a vertical bonding dipolar plasmon mode under the dipole approximation. The theoretical and experimental results were consistent with each other. This research may open up a pathway toward controlling PGM-driven catalytic reactions through polarization changes in excitation laser incidence on single anisotropic nanostructures.
The Psychological Theory ofOn the Utility and Liability of History for Life
Authors: Majerník Jozef 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe problem of history in Nietzsche’s secondUnfashionable Observationis best approached through that which it is supposed to serve: life, more specifically human life. I argue that Nietzsche presents an oblique but nevertheless complete articulation of the nature of the human soul as consisting of two basic parts, of desiring (the unhistorical) and memory (the historical): of a multiplicity of desires that struggle for domination over the others, and which express themselves in more complex ways through memory-based structures such as conscience. I then discuss some implications of this conception. First, I interpret the significance of the useful kinds of history: rather than being different modes of historical science, they are much more basic modes of practical relating to the matters of our world (especially to other humans and their ways of life) that are external to us both temporallyandspatially. Second, I discuss the particular kinds of desires which underpin the three useful kinds of history. Third, I interpret the problem of scientific history as arising from a turning of the normal human structures of meaningfulness against themselves, and as resulting in two specific kinds of psychic damage: to ourcapacityfor growth and self-cultivation, and to ourwillto do so at all. Finally, I show the importance of the erotic-historic soul for the questions of right and wrong methods of self-knowledge and for the meaning of the imperative “sei du selbst!” that we find inSchopenhauer as Educator.
Working with gender in psychotherapy: A discursive analysis of psychotherapy sessions with women suffering from bulimia
Authors: Pawelczyk Joanna , Faccio Elena , Talarczyk Małgorzata 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sociocultural factors are recognized as among the causes of eating disorders (EDs) in general and bulimia in particular. The social constructions of gender constitute a key factor among these causes and bulimia can then be construed as a response to a failure to meet the social (dominant and normative) expectations of what it means to be a woman, as females remain the majority of people suffering from EDs. This article – informed by a critical feminist perspective – uses the micro-analytic frameworks of conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis to qualitatively examine relevant extracts of three psychotherapy sessions with women suffering from bulimia. The audio-recorded sessions represent systemic and social constructionist therapies and were originally conducted in Polish and Italian. The analysis focuses on how gender and gendered propositions are invoked by the therapist and/or the patient and further worked with in the subsequent turns. The contents of gendered propositions will be identified as well as whether, and if so how, they are interactionally deconstructed in the local context of the interaction. The analysis demonstrates how the female patients rely on categorization work around gender in addressing their own issues. The findings call for therapists’ greater awareness and reflexivity as to their interactional handling of gender in view of patients’ individual experiences.
Tourism Geography of the MENA Region: Potential, Challenges and Risks
Authors: Hopfinger Hans , Scharfenort Nadine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The countries of the MENA region cover an area with a diverse geography and a diverse tourist capital. The natural and cultural assets of the region appeal to different target groups, but have not yet been fully exploited, are not usable or have been irrevocably destroyed by unrest, uprisings, and wars. In many countries in the region, structural problems in tourism policy and the economy aggravate the situation. As a result, international tourist arrivals and income from tourist expenditures have developed differently in the various countries of the region.
Using selected examples, this special issue provides a deeper but necessarily selective insight into the many facets of tourism in the countries of the MENA region and highlights at least some of the broad spectrum of phenomena associated with tourism geography. This editorial provides a framework to position the selected case studies within broader aspects of tourism development in the MENA region. It assesses the spatial differentiation of tourism supply and demand and looks at the political situation, especially since the so-called ‘Arab Spring’ and the related challenges for the tourism industry.
The current effects of the so-called coronavirus crisis are not considered, as the special issue was conceived before the crisis began.
Aportaciones del vasco medieval a la reconstrucción del léxico protorromance
Authors: Manterola Julen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The present paper addresses three particular issues in the reconstruction of the Proto-Romance lexicon, offering an insight from the field of Basque historical-etymological studies. In the evolution from Proto-Romance */ˈdɪk-t-u/ to Idio-Romance dit/dicho ‘said’, the variant *deito is not attested; the Basque word deitu ‘call, be named’, however, bears witness to the ancient existence of that form. In support of this, I offer further documental evidence of that form in a medieval Aragonese text. This paper also sheds light on the irregular vocalism of Gascon puts ‘well’, which does not show the regular evolution */ˈʊ/ > /o/. I will argue that the metathesis of a glide may have prevented that change from taking place; again, data regarding some medieval variants of Basque putzu ‘well’ will prove crucial in settling the question. In a final note, the dialectal persistence of some archaic semantic values of a Proto-Romance word, */ˈnɛk-e/ ‘violent death’, */neˈkat-u/ ‘kill’, will be assessed with the help of the Basque evidence.
Consolidation and Hydraulic Conductivity of High-Plastic Clay Reinforced with Waste Tire Fibers
Authors: Mistry Mohit K. , Shukla Shruti J. , Solanki Chandresh H. , Shukla Sanjay Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Extreme shrinkage, high swelling, excessive settlement, and low shear strength are some undesirable properties of clayey soils. Stabilizing the clayey soil by means of chemical admixtures has been widely adopted in the past. As an alternative to these traditional techniques, the present study proposes an economical and environmentally friendly solution that involves the use of waste tire fibers in clayey soil. The waste tire fibers of three aspect ratios of 9, 6.4, and 4.5 were mixed with four different contents, i.e., 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 %, in clayey soil. In the present study, the one-dimensional consolidation behavior of fiber-reinforced clayey soil was investigated with the help of various consolidation parameters. Test results have confirmed that the swelling nature of clayey soil can be controlled remarkably well with the addition of waste tire fibers. The significant reduction in the settlement was observed for the low aspect ratio fibers. The results show that the rate of consolidation of clayey soil increases considerably with the addition of longer and thicker fibers. Thus, the time required for 90 % consolidation is reduced from 64 to 40 minutes for untreated clayey soil. With an increase in fiber content and size, the void ratio in fiber-reinforced clayey soil increased, which further leads to an increase in hydraulic conductivity. It can be stated that the utilization of waste tires as a reinforcing material in clayey soil can be an economical option for the construction industry mainly because it is an ecofriendly use of tire disposal.
Voluntary Inhibition of Physiological Mirror Activity: An EEG-EMG Study
Authors: Maudrich T. , Kenville R. , Maudrich D. , Villringer A. , Ragert P. , Nikulin V. V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhysiological mirror activity (pMA), observed in healthy human adults, describes the involuntary co-activation of contralateral homologous muscles during unilateral limb movements. Here we provide novel evidence, using neuromuscular measurements (electromyography; EMG), that the amplitude of pMA can be voluntarily inhibited during unilateral isometric contractions of intrinsic hand muscles after informing human participants (10 male, 10 female) about its presence and establishing a basic understanding of pMA mechanisms through a standardized protocol. Importantly, significant suppression of pMA was observed immediately after participants were asked to inhibit it, despite the absence of any online feedback during task execution and without special training. Moreover, we observed that the decrease of pMA was specifically accompanied by an increase in relative frontal δ power recorded with electroencephalography (EEG). Correlation analysis further revealed an inverse association between the individual amplitude of pMA and frontal δ power that reached significance once participants started to inhibit. Taken together, these results suggest that δ power in frontal regions might reflect executive processes exerting inhibitory control over unintentional motor output, in this case pMA. Our results provide an initial reference point for the development of therapeutic applications related to the neurorehabilitation of involuntary movements which could be realized through the suppression of pMA observed in the elderly before it would fully manifest in undesirable overt movement patterns.
The Dorsal Raphe Regulates the Duration of Attack through the Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex and Medial Amygdala
Authors: Nordman Jacob , Li Zheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe dorsal raphe (DR) is an evolutionarily conserved brain structure that is involved in aggressive behavior. It projects onto numerous cortical and limbic areas underlying attack behavior. The specific neurocircuit through which the DR regulates aggression, however, is largely unclear. In this study we show that DR neurons expressing CaMKIIα are activated by attack behavior in mice. These neurons project to the medial aspect of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; MeOC) and the medial amygdala (MeA), two key regions within the neural circuit known to control aggressive behavior. Using anin vivooptogenetic approach, we show that attack bouts are shortened by inhibiting CaMKIIα+neurons in the DR and their axons at the MeOC and prolonged by stimulating the DR-MeOC axons during an attack. By contrast, stimulating the axons of CaMKIIα+DR neurons at the MeA shortens attack. Notably, neither the DR-MeOC or DR-MeA pathway initiates attack when stimulated. These results indicate that the DR-MeOC and DR-MeA pathways regulate the duration of attack behavior in opposite directions, revealing a circuit mechanism for the control of attack by the DR.
Pseudo‐repeats in doublecortin make distinct mechanistic contributions to microtubule regulation
Authors: Manka Szymon W , Moores Carolyn A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDoublecortin (DCX) is a neuronal microtubule‐associated protein (MAP) indispensable for brain development. Its flexibly linked doublecortin (DC) domains—NDC and CDC—mediate microtubule (MT) nucleation and stabilization, but it is unclear how. Using high‐resolution time‐resolved cryo‐EM, we mapped NDC and CDC interactions with tubulin at different MT polymerization stages and studied their functional effects on MT dynamics using TIRF microscopy. Although coupled, each DC repeat within DCX appears to have a distinct role in MT nucleation and stabilization: CDC is a conformationally plastic module that appears to facilitate MT nucleation and stabilize tubulin–tubulin contacts in the nascent MT lattice, while NDC appears to be favored along the mature lattice, providing MT stabilization. Our structures of MT‐bound DC domains also explain in unprecedented detail the DCX mutation‐related brain defects observed in the clinic. This modular composition of DCX reflects a common design principle among MAPs where pseudo‐repeats of tubulin/MT binding elements chaperone or stabilize distinct conformational transitions to regulate distinct stages of MT dynamic instability.
Dissecting the Genetic Architecture of Biofuel-Related Traits in a Sorghum Breeding Population
Authors: Ishimori Motoyuki , Takanashi Hideki , Hamazaki Kosuke , Atagi Yamato , Kajiya-Kanegae Hiromi , Fujimoto Masaru , Yoneda Junichi , Tokunaga Tsuyoshi , Tsutsumi Nobuhiro , Iwata Hiroyoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], hybrid cultivars for the biofuel industry are desired. Along with selection based on testcross performance, evaluation of the breeding population per se is also important for the success of hybrid breeding. In addition to additive genetic effects, non-additive (i.e., dominance and epistatic) effects are expected to contribute to the performance of early generations. Unfortunately, studies on early generations in sorghum breeding programs are limited. In this study, we analyzed a breeding population for bioenergy sorghum, which was previously developed based on testcross performance, to compare genomic selection models both trained on and evaluated for the per se performance of the 3rd generation S0 individuals. Of over 200 ancestral inbred accessions in the base population, only 13 founders contributed to the 3rd generation as progenitors. Compared to the founders, the performances of the population per se were improved for target traits. The total genetic variance within the S0 generation progenies themselves for all traits was mainly additive, although non-additive variances contributed to each trait to some extent. For genomic selection, linear regression models explicitly considering all genetic components showed a higher predictive ability than other linear and non-linear models. Although the number and effect distribution of underlying loci was different among the traits, the influence of priors for marker effects was relatively small. These results indicate the importance of considering non-additive effects for dissecting the genetic architecture of early breeding generations and predicting the performance per se.