bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of mechanical properties of porous alumina ceramics: experiment and simulation
Authors: Mikushina V A , Smolin I Yu , Kulkov A S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the experimental data on elastic and strength characteristics of specimens made of porous Al2O3 ceramics in three-point bending. Ceramics specimens were prepared by the slurry casting of commercially pure Al2O3 powder and subsequent sintering at the temperatures 1400, 1500, and 1600 °C. The simulation results were reported for the mechanical behaviour of specimens of porous Al2O3-based ceramics at the mesolevel. We studied the mesovolumes with an explicit treatment of pores loaded in uniaxial tension. The pore structure of the mesovolumes was borrowed from experimental SEM images. The mesoscopic fracture was described using the fracture criterion which includes the Lode parameter to make allowance for the stress state type. Despite wide scatter, the experimental and calculated elastic and strength characteristics of the material agree rather well.
Surface Modification Innovation for Wear Resistance Increasing
Authors: Kovács Tünde Anna , Mhatre Umesh , Nyikes Zoltán , Enikő Bitay 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The surface modification is a suitable technology to increase the surface wear resistance of steels. In this way, the used substrate metal can be a low alloyed, cost-effective chemical composition steel. After the substrate metal heat treating, hardening and annealing, it needs surface modification.
It well knew some surface heat treating technologies, like carburizing, nitridation, nitrocarburizing, and surface quenching. The surface coating is also very useful technologies when by the chemical or physical process it built a new layer on the surface.
In this work, we compare different modification processes results made by the way of the traditional and new technologies advantages. The chemical composition and the structure determine the surface mechanically and wear resistance properties. The available chemical composition determines the surface modification technology [1-3].
It was prepared with different surface layers on the same substrate steel by a different process and inspected by different testing methods. On the base of the tests results needs to specification a new surface modification process for the high-level surface resistance layer.
Investigation of structures and properties of oxide-hydroxide systems after mechanical activation
Authors: Levkov R V , Kulkov S N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It has been studied Al2O3 and ZrO2 with Al(OH)3mixtures after mechanical activation in a planetary ball mill.Measurement of the specific surface by the BET method has shown that an increase of mechanical treatment time leads to an increase in the specific surface in all studied powders. In the initial states a large agglomerate of the order of 50-150 μm and isolated particles of 0.05-0.1 μm were observed. Mechanical treatment leads to fracture of agglomerates into separate particles. It has been revealed that the amount of agglomerates decreased with the increasing of the mechanical activation time, and the number of isolated particles increased. The average size of the agglomerates of Al-based powders varies in the range of 50-15 μm. In the case of powders based on ZrO2, it varies in the range of 10-14 μm.
Hypersound excitation of three-layer magnetic film by microwave field
Authors: Kotov L N , Dianov M Yu , Vlasov V S , Ustyugov V A , Shilov S V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The work deals with the definition of elastic and magnetic oscillations exited by microwave magnetic field in the three-layer structure. The frequency dependences for the amplitudes of the magnetic and elastic vibrations of the film layers with different values of the material parameters and amplitudes of the external fields are calculated.
Amorphous iron formation following occupancy of iron atoms in vacant sites of epsilon-iron that transformed from alpha-iron during rubbing in a low vacuum
Authors: Furuichi H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to present two TEM diffraction patterns taken from a layer (more than 100 μm thick) of piled-up adhered wear debris on a rubbed surface. The unidirectional rubbing was made in a low vacuum, regularly separating the slider from the specimen. The specimen and the slider were α-iron. One of the diffraction patterns consists of large spots and halo rings and the other consists of small faint spots and halo rings. The latter seems to be the state just before the perfect amorphization. All the spots in the diffraction patterns correspond to the structure formed due to the occupancy of iron atoms in O and T sites of ε-iron. Neither this way of amorphization nor the occupied structure mentioned above has not been reported. Both the amorphous state and the occupied structure remain at ambient conditions. The mechanism of high-pressure generation that transformed α-iron to ε-iron and the generation of high tensile stress that breaks the atomic bonds in wear debris are presented. The latter is considered to have enabled the occupancy.
Damage of thin-walled box beams with omega cross-section joined by adhesive layers subjected to bending deformation process
Authors: Sadowski T , Nowicki M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The subject of this study is aluminum box beams of omega cross-section, consisting of an omega profile and connected to the metal by the adhesive interface of the area 120 cm2. In the laboratory tests were used specimens made from 7075 aluminum with dimensions 300 × 84 × 36 mm. To connect the components of the specimens an adhesive layer Loctite 9545 was used.
The samples were subjected to 3-point bending (3-PB). Laboratory tests were conducted using a MTS (25kN) and a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system, in order to accurately determine states of deformation of the box beams. With the load increase the profiles deform elastically at the beginning and then in the final stage of deformation process, a collapse of the side walls and local plastic deformation occured. This causes a sudden drop of the load capacity of the entire profile.
To complete the experimental analysis, the numerical model of the thin-walled box beam was created. The model allows for observation of stress and displacement fields variation in the bending element, as well as places of their concentration. Moreover, a detailed analysis of damage growth and the final destruction of the connecting elements associated with the load increase was performed. Numerical simulations were done using ABAQUS code. The FEM analysis results confirm correctness of the assumptions in the numerical model and allow for a more detailed description of the process decohesion adhesive layer and the damage of aluminium elements of the thin-walled box beams.
Examination of the utilization of aluminum dross in road construction
Authors: Udvardi Bella , Géber Róbert , Kocserha István 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aluminum dross is a recyclable by-product of the aluminum manufacturing process. Since the use of aluminum alloys increased in large quantities, which cause a significant amount of aluminum dross produced, therefore, the need for alternative solutions are also increased. The goal of this study is to investigate the utilization possibility of dross as an alternative asphalt filler. During the research aluminum dross and limestone (as reference material), which is well-known filler in asphalt technology, were investigated. Different tests were done on the samples: specific gravity, particle size distribution, BET specific surface area and Rigden voids were determined on the fillers. Scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the morphological features of fillers. To reveal the affinity of fillers to bitumen hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties and oil adsorption ability were also investigated. These examinations help to better to understand the interaction between fillers and binder material. With the use of fillers asphalt mixtures and specimens were also prepared for stiffness tests and asphalt cracking temperature tests. The results show a good correlation between dross and limestone fillers, therefore aluminum dross may be an alternative to partly substitute limestone filler.
Fracture Toughness of Silicon Nitride Measured by the Surface Crack in Flexure (SCF) Test Method
Authors: Nindhia T G T , Lube Tanja 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The surface crack in flexure (SCF) is a method for the evaluation of the fracture toughness of advanced ceramics. Conventionally is practiced by using a Knoop indenter to make a very small pre-crack. Removal on indent and the plastically deformed zone is required before the fracture test. The purpose of this removal is to eliminate residual stresses under the Knoop impression and to obtain a semi elliptical pre-crack shape. In this work fracture toughness values by the SCF method are compared with those measured using the SEVNB (single edge V-notched beam) method. The material chosen for this purpose was gas pressured sintered silicon nitride (Si3N4) containing 3wt. % Al2O3 and 3 wt. % Y2O3 (SL200B, Ceram Tec, Plochingen, Germany). The varied parameters the amount of material removed from the surface. Short specimens with size 3 x 4 x >25 mm were prepared for this purpose. The fracture toughness of specimens with a surface removal in the range suggested from ASTM C 1421 were found to agree with the results obtained from SEVNB. A surface removal below the recommendation resulted in low values of fracture toughness. Increasing the amount of surface removal moderately was found to still fit with results obtained from SEVNB. Surface removal of much more from the recommended amount leads to failure from natural flaws.
Evaluation Wettability of nanofluid on the Surface of Zircalloy 4 Before and after Oxidation
Authors: Prajitno Djoko Hadi , Trisnawan Very , Sitorus Jupiter Pane 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The solid surface tension plays an important role in the heat and mass transfer system for heat exchanger equipment. In the nuclear power plant industry, Zircalloy 4 has been used for long time as structure materials. The purpose of the experimental is to study solid state surface tension behavior by measure contact angle of aquades and Nano fluid contain nano particle alumina on metal surface of Zircalloy 4 before and after oxidation at 700°C by sessile drop method. The experiment is to measure the static contact angle and drop of aquades and nano fluid contains nano particle alumina on zircalloy 4 with different spreading time from 1 to 30 minute. It was observed that zircalloy 4 after oxidation lose their hydrophobic properties with increasing elapsed time during drop of a aquades and nano fluid on the surface of alloy compared with zircalloy 4 before oxidation. As a result the contact angle of aquades and nano fluid on surface of zircalloy 4 before and after oxidation is decrease grdually during increasing elapsed time. While the magnitude diameter drops of aquades and nano fluid and wetting surface are increase with increasing elapsed time on the surface of Zircalloy 4 before and after oxidation. It was observed that oxidised zircalloy4 good wettability properties compare with non oxidised zircaloy 4.
rGO based photo-anode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and its photovoltaic characteristics
Authors: Arsyad Waode Sukmawati , Pristianti Aricia , Agusu La , Hidayat Rahmat 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOn the attempt to increase transport properties of the photo-anode in DSSC, we synthesized rGO powder from graphite bar (commercially available) using modified Hummer’s method. The SEM-EDS results had confirmed the attachment of the rGO layer to the FTO substrate. For DSSC cells, we made two cells configuration, the first one was stacking layers of rGO and TiO2resulting configuration of TiO2/rGO/TiO2(A2) and rGO/TiO2/rGO (A3), where rGO was deposited by spin coating and TiO2was deposited by a screen printing technique. The second one, the rGO powder was mixed with TiO2paste with several ratios in weight, namely TiO2:rGO 40:1 (B1), 40:2 (B2), and 40:8 (B3) and then deposited on the FTO substrate by screen printing. The reference cell was assigned as A1 (TiO2only). From the conductivity measurement using the four-probe method, the utilization of rGO layer increased the conductivity of photoanode layer, namely (1.37, 2.9 and 6.3)x10−2Ω−1cm−1for A1 to A3 and (1.5, 2.5, and 3.7)x10−2Ω−1cm−1for B1 to B3. From the photovoltaic measurement, we found that the efficiency of the DSSC cell firstly increased with the insertion of rGO layer, from 1.8% (A1) to 4.59% (A2), and decreased to 3.22%, as the conductivity increased in A3. While for the composite of TiO2:rGO, the efficiency of the cell reduced with the increased amount of rGO, from 3.45% (B1) to 2.9% and 1.9% for B2 and B3. We found that the reduction of photovoltaic performance was affected by two main factors, specifically, direct contact between rGO and redox species in the electrolyte, which induced recombination process, and conductivity of the photo-anode layer. To fully achieve the advantage of rGO utilization in photo-anode, once must be considered was the use of protection layer on top of the rGO layer to avoid direct contact between the rGO/electrolyte interface.
Synthesis and Characterization of Gadolinium doped Cerium (Ce0,9Gd0,1O1,95) by using Various Carbonates as a Precipitant
Authors: Hapsari Ade Utami , Raharjo Jarot , Yuliani Hanif , Agung Suradharmika I.G. , Damisih  , Pravitasari Retna Deca , Sari Desiana P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Gadolinium-doped cerium (Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95, GDC) as an electrolyte in IT-SOFC has higher performance in nano-sized than the other sized. Carbonate was known as a precipitant agent that could affect the morphology and size of the particle. In this study, the effects of various carbonates as a precipitant agent on the synthesis of GDC by co-precipitation method were investigated. Cerium in the form of Ce(NO3)3.6H2O (cerium nitrate hexahydrate) used in the synthesis process. Three types of carbonates, i.e. ammonium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and sodium hydrogen carbonate, namely GDC1, GDC2, and GDC3, respectively, was used as a precipitating agent. The GDC powder resulted was then characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Particle Size Analysis (PSA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The carbonates variation affected the physical properties and the formed particle of GDC. GDC2 showed the optimum carbonate that produces electrolyte GDC with better properties as an IT-SOFC electrolyte based on physical properties.
Polyethylene Glycol Addition as Non-ionic Surfactant in Water-based Carbon Microfluid for Quench Medium in Heat Treatment Process
Authors: Rakhman D. , Putra W. N. , Ramadhani C. A. , Harjanto S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The mechanical properties of a material depend on the quenching process. In this process, there is a rapid cooling from elevated to room temperature in a short time by using a quench medium. Therefore, the phase transformation from austenite to martensite occurs. The common medium used in the quenching process is water, oil, polymer, and gas. Nanofluids are started to be used as a quench medium because they offer better thermal conductivity compared with the conventional medium. Selection of carbon-based nanofluids as a quenching process medium aims to obtain high thermal conductivity values and controllable cooling rates. Thereby, the expected microstructure of the material could be relatively easier to form. In this paper, carbon particles were obtained using a top-down method with a planetary ball mill for 15 hours at 500 rpm. Based on the electron microscope and spectroscopy results, the particle dimension was average at 15 μm after milling, and the carbon purity of the powder used in this research was 99%. Carbon particles at 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% with variation of non-ionic surfactant Polyethylene Glycol of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% respectively was used in this research. AISI 1045 or JIS S45C carbon steel was used as a steel sample, and austenized at 1000°C for 1 hour and then quenched in the microfluid. The hardness obtained was up to 811 HV for the sample quenched in 0.5% carbon and 1% Polyethylene Glycol. The improvement was more than 100 HV, compared with the sample quenched in distilled water, which had a hardness only 666 HV.
Ionic Liquids (ILs)-based Electrolytes System for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Nandika Astrid. O. , Rochliadi Achmad , Patah Aep 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElectrolytes system plays an important part in Lithium Ion Batteries (LIBs) due to its role in lithium ion (Li+) transport between anode and cathode. Commercial LIBs use organic carbonates-based electrolytes system, but these electrolytes are flammable and volatile. For these reasons, replacement with non-flammable, non-volatile and high conductive compounds become recent research focus. Owing to the excellent properties, ILs are expected to cover the limitation of the organic-based electrolytes system in LIBs. The conductivity of electrolytes system which consists of dimethyl carbonate (DMC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC) (1:1, v/v) as organic solvent (OS) and imidazolium-based ILs is measured at various temperatures. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the electrolytes and the redox properties of lithium ion in IL-based electrolytes system are also investigated. [bmim][BF4]-based electrolyte yields a conductivity of ~13 mS cm−1at 20 °C which is 10,000 times higher than DMC/DEC based only. Thermal analysis shows that the IL-based electrolytes decompose at 360 °C, much higher than the organic-based only (∼110 °C). Cyclic voltammetry measurement of the ILs-based electrolytes with [bmim][BF4] : DEC: DMC (3:1:1) + LiBF40.2 M compositions displays reversible redox reaction. The presence of [bmim][BF4] affects the redox reaction of Li+ ion, in both current and potential. Based on these results, a mixture of ILs and organic solvent has a potential as a new electrolytes system in the next LIBs.
Characteristics of Corncob-Originated Activated Carbon Using Two Different Chemical Agent
Authors: Rahma Nur Aini , Kurniasari Asih , Setyo Pambudi Yoyok Dwi , Bintang His Muhammad , Zulfia Anne , Hudaya Chairul 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The research and development of biomass-based activated carbon (AC) has attracted much attention from researchers due to the abundant resource of biomass, including corncob waste. The urgency to find alternative and innovative applications for simple, inexpensive carbon material can be obtained by synthesizing the corncob waste which is abundant renewable resource and suitable for carbon properties. The use of chemical agent during activation process is of important to produce the desired AC, including high surface area and excellent electrical conductivity. Among the various chemical agents, KOH and ZnCl2 have been widely applied for synthesizing AC. This study aims to find out the characteristics of corncob-originated activated carbon (CAC) using these two chemical agents. Step by step of activating carbon from corncob will be determined briefly. Corncob was dried and chopped. Then it was carbonized. After that, the carbon result was soaked in each chemical agent solution, KOH and ZnCl2, in different molarity for carbon chemical activation. For physical activation, impregnated carbon was carbonized again in high temperature under inert gas atmosphere until AC was obtained. We employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman Spectroscopy measurement to characterize the CAC samples. The results showed that the application of KOH and ZnCl2 at a different optimized process parameters exhibited the different results of surface morphology, structures, and crystallyte size. The crystallite size of the activated carbon using different chemical activating agents with varied concentrations is diverse enough. The XRD data revealed the average crystallite size of carbon with KOH as the activator is ∼45 nm in three different conditions. However, in the case of ZnCl2 as the activating agent, it shows the average size of ∼65 nm. This number is significantly higher than the activated carbon impregnated with KOH . Visual observation of SEM images gives an impression on the carbon pore where CACK12 posess the highest pores among those analytes. The synthesized corncob activated carbon can be used in many functional application such as energy storage materials, agriculture, and adsorbents in industrial and environmental sectors.
Development of an Asthma-Specific Job Exposure Matrix for Use in the United States
Authors: Henneberger Paul K , Kurth Laura M , Doney Brent , Liang Xiaoming , Andersson Eva 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Existing asthma-specific job-exposure matrices (JEMs) do not necessarily reflect current working conditions in the USA and do not directly function with occupational coding systems commonly used in the USA. We initiated a project to modify an existing JEM to address these limitations, and to apply the new JEM to the entire US employed population to estimate quantitatively the extent of probable work-related asthma exposures nationwide.

Methods
We started with an asthma-specific JEM that was developed for northern Europe (the N-JEM) and modified it to function with the 2010 US Standard Occupational Classification (SOC-2010) codes and to reflect working conditions in the USA during the post-2000 period. This involved cross walking from the 1988 International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88) codes used in the N-JEM to the SOC-2010 codes, transferring the N-JEM exposure assignments to the SOC-2010 codes, and modifying those assignments to reflect working conditions in the USA. The new US asthma JEM (USA-JEM) assigns exposures to 19 agents organized into five categories. The USA-JEM and N-JEM were applied to the same sample of working adults with asthma to compare how they performed, and the USA-JEM was also applied to the entire 2015 US working population to estimate the extent of occupational asthma exposures nationally.

Results
The USA-JEM assigns at least one asthma-related probable exposure to 47.5% and at least one possible exposure to 14.9% of the 840 SOC-2010 detailed occupations, and 9.0% of the occupations have both probable exposure to at least one agent and possible exposure to at least one other agent. The USA-JEM has greater sensitivity for cleaning products, highly reactive disinfectants and sterilants, and irritant peak exposures than the N-JEM. When applied to the entire 2015 US working population, the USA-JEM determined that 42.6% of workers had probable exposure to at least one type of occupational asthma agent.

Discussion
A new asthma-specific JEM for application in the USA was developed. Additional work is needed to compare its performance to similar JEMs and, if possible, to exposure assessments generated on a case-by-case basis.