bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single stick access using a VA‐ECMO arterial return cannula for coronary intervention in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Kapur Navin K. , Hirst Colin S. , Davila Carlos D. , Garcia Ron 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUse of veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) is growing exponentially for cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest, and many of these patients require percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In some cases, radial arterial access may not feasible among patients with peripheral vascular disease or if larger diameter guide catheters are required. Further, VA‐ECMO is commonly used in combination with an intra‐aortic balloon pump or Impella, thereby limiting vascular access options and increasing the risk of vascular complications including bleeding and limb ischemia. For these reasons, new approaches to perform PCI without the need for an additional arterial puncture are required. We describe a case of a 70‐year‐old man with cardiogenic shock referred for high‐risk PCI while supported with VA‐ECMO and an Impella CP and illustrate a novel method for single‐stick access for PCI through the return cannula of the VA‐ECMO circuit.
Towards More Photostable, Brighter, and Less Phototoxic Chromophores: Synthesis and Properties of Porphyrins Functionalized with Cyclooctatetraene
Authors: Ostapko Jakub , Gorski Aleksander , Buczyńska Joanna , Golec Barbara , Nawara Krzysztof , Kharchenko Anastasiia , Listkowski Arkadiusz , Ceborska Magdalena , Pietrzak Mariusz , Waluk Jacek 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFree base and zinc porphyrins functionalized with cyclooctatetraene (COT), a molecule known as a good triplet‐state quencher, have been obtained and characterized in detail by structural, spectral, and photophysical techniques. Substitution with COT leads to a dramatic decrease of the intrinsic lifetime of the porphyrin triplet. As a result, photostability in oxygen‐free solution increases by two to three orders of magnitude. In non‐degassed solutions, improvement of photostability is about tenfold for zinc porphyrins, but the free bases become less photostable. Similar quantum yields of photodegradation in free base and zinc porphyrins containing the COT moiety indicate a common mechanism of photochemical decomposition. The new porphyrins are expected to be much less phototoxic, since the quantum yield of singlet oxygen formation strongly decreases because of the shorter triplet lifetime. The reduction of triplet lifetime should also enhance the brightness and reduce blinking in porphyrin chromophores emitting in single‐molecule regime, since the duration of dark OFF states will be shorter.
Near‐Infrared BODIPY‐Acridine Dyads Acting as Heavy‐Atom‐Free Dual‐Functioning Photosensitizers
Authors: Deckers Jasper , Cardeynaels Tom , Penxten Huguette , Ethirajan Anitha , Ameloot Marcel , Kruk Mikalai , Champagne Benoît , Maes Wouter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBoron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes represent a particular class within the broad array of potential photosensitizers. Their highly fluorescent nature opens the door for theragnostic applications, combining imaging and therapy using a single, easily synthesized chromophore. However, near‐infrared absorption is strongly desired for photodynamic therapy to enhance tissue penetration. Furthermore, singlet oxygen should preferentially be generated without the incorporation of heavy atoms, as these often require additional synthetic efforts and/or afford dark cytotoxicity. Solutions for both problems are known, but have never been successfully combined in one simple BODIPY material. Here, we present a series of compact BODIPY‐acridine dyads, active in the phototherapeutic window and showing balanced brightness and phototoxic power. Although the donor–acceptor design was envisioned to introduce a charge transfer state to assist in intersystem crossing, quantum‐chemical calculations refute this. Further photophysical investigations suggest the presence of exciplex states and their involvement in singlet oxygen formation.
Chronic Imaging of Mouse Brain: From Optical Systems to Functional Ultrasound
Authors: Kılıç Kıvılcım , Tang Jianbo , Erdener Ş. Evren , Sunil Smrithi , Giblin John T. , Lee Blaire S. , Postnov Dmitry D. , Chen Anderson , Boas David A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUtilization of functional ultrasound (fUS) in cerebral vascular imaging is gaining popularity among neuroscientists. In this article, we describe a chronic surgical preparation method that allows longitudinal studies and therefore is applicable to a wide range of studies, especially on aging, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. This method can also be used with awake mice; hence, the deleterious effects of anesthesia on neurovascular responses can be avoided. In addition to fUS imaging, this surgical preparation allows researchers to take advantage of common optical imaging methods to acquire complementary datasets to help increase the technical rigor of studies. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Surgical preparation of mouse chronic cranial windows using polymethylpenteneBasic Protocol 2: Imaging of mice with chronic cranial windows
Salt tolerance in Argentine wheatgrass is related to shoot sodium exclusion
Authors: Zabala Juan M. , Marinoni Lorena del R. , Taleisnik Edith L. , Ribero Gustavo , Schrauf Gustavo E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis is the first report about Na and K fluxes and heritability of Na exclusion in the Elymus genus. Argentine wheatgrass [Elymus scabrifolius (Döll) J.H. Hunz.] is an important forage genetic resource for saline environments. A previous study showed that salt‐sensitive lines accumulated toxic levels of Na in shoots. The aim of this study was to increase the understanding of Na exclusion in Argentine wheatgrass. Growth and Na and K accumulation rates were analyzed in two homozygous salt‐tolerant genotypes (T1 and T2) and a salt‐sensitive genotype (S1), under different salt stress levels. The Na accumulation rate in shoots was 1.5 times higher in the sensitive line than in the tolerant ones at 100 mM NaCl, and five times higher at 200 mM NaCl. A negative association was found between Na concentration and leaf weight in parent genotypes, F1, and segregating F2 populations generated by crossing homozygous S1 and T2, suggesting that growth in the third leaf was more affected in Na‐including genotypes. The inheritance of Na exclusion was estimated under salt stress conditions in a segregating F2 population and in F2:3 families obtained by crossing two homozygous genotypes with contrasting values of shoot Na exclusion. In the F2 population and F2:3 families, Na concentration segregation was compatible with intermediate inheritance (with very low partial dominance). High heritability values estimated for Na exclusion suggest that this trait might be used as a priority selection criterion for salt tolerance. Results will be useful to design breeding strategies for salt tolerance in this and related species of the Elymus genus.
Risk assessment of pollen‐mediated gene flow from Ga1‐m field corn to dent‐sterile Ga1‐s popcorn
Authors: Barnes Ethann R. , Barnes Allison C. , Knezevic Stevan Z. , Lawrence Nevin C. , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe popcorn industry in the United States is at risk of genetic contamination because it utilizes the gametophyte factor 1 gene (Ga1) as a barrier against pollen‐mediated gene flow (PMGF) from field corn (Zea mays L.). Popcorn with the Ga1‐s allele accepts pollen only from Ga1‐s corn, allowing for field corn and popcorn to be nearby without isolation. Germplasm is being introduced to the United States to increase field corn diversity that unknowingly contains the Ga1‐m allele, which can overcome Ga1‐s selectivity and pollinate popcorn. The risk to the popcorn industry has been underassessed. Experiments were conducted to model the frequency of PMGF from Ga1‐m field corn to Ga1‐s popcorn under field conditions and to evaluate the role of wind speed and direction using a concentric donor–receptor design in 2017 and 2018 in Nebraska, USA. The PMGF to white popcorn was detected using a field corn pollen donor with yellow kernel color (dominate) and further confirmed with a molecular test. Popcorn kernels were harvested from cardinal and ordinal directions from 1 to 70 m. More than 7 million kernels were screened to detect the PMGF. Information‐theoretic criteria were used to select the best‐fit model. The greatest PMGF (1.6– 4.1%) was detected at 1 m and declined with distance. The PMGF was detected at 70 m, the maximum distance tested. Amplification of Ga1 followed by restriction enzyme digest confirmed that yellow kernelled progeny were hybrids from the result of PMGF. This is the first assessment of PMGF from field corn to popcorn, and the results are alarming for the popcorn industry and export market.
OMIP‐065: Dog Immunophenotyping and T‐Cell Activity Evaluation with a 14‐Color Panel
Authors: Pantelyushin Stanislav , Ranninger Elisabeth , Bettschart‐Wolfensberger Regula , vom Berg Johannes 
Published: June 2020

Purpose and Appropriate Sample TypesCompanion dogs are increasingly recognized as large‐animal models of diseases such as cancer, infectious‐, inflammatory‐, or autoimmune diseases. At the same time, compared to human clinics, veterinarians have only a fraction of the treatment options available. To study the immunological aspects of canine diseases and ultimately develop or adapt human treatments for the dog, the methodology also needs to be in place. Such tools include robust and reliable flow cytometric panels.The purpose of the panel described here is to assess the immune cell composition and their functionality in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of dogs. Moreover, its “plug and play” composition allows for an in‐depth analysis of T‐cell responses in ex vivo assays (Table 1).Initially, this panel has been designed for the analysis of cryopreserved PBMCs to allow batched analysis and to reduce interexperimental variation. Withers and colleagues published a comparable and—to our knowledge—currently the most extensive canine panel to date (1). While their study focused on the aging and activation status of T cells in dogs, our panel is designed to look at a broader range of cells with a higher number of markers. This allows a more in‐depth analysis of functional extracellular and intracellular markers. In addition, all antibodies in our proposed panel are directly labeled. In combination with suitable lymphocyte isolation protocols, this panel could potentially also be adapted to analyze tissue biopsies from various different organs. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A cell type annotation Jamboree—Revival of а communal science forum
Authors: Peshkin Leonid , Kirschner Marc W. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryCell Atlases are currently being constructed for human tissues as well as several model organisms. New technologies make creation of vast datasets in many species possible, but the value of such data crucially depends on the quality of annotation. The tools of annotating single cell data and creating knowledge representations comparable across organisms have been lagging. We argue that successfully creating Cell Atlases will require a revival of a boot‐camp style forum for communal annotation combined with an intensive learning workshop, dubbed a “Jamboree”. We report on our experience of successfully developing a structure and curriculum and running such a Jamboree for Xenopus Embryonic Cell Types at the Janelia Farms campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Census data aggregation decisions can affect population‐level inference in heterogeneous populations
Authors: Engbo Søs , Bull James C. , Börger Luca , Stringell Thomas B. , Lock Kate , Morgan Lisa , Jones Owen R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Conservation and population management decisions often rely on population models parameterized using census data. However, the sampling regime, precision, sample size, and methods used to collect census data are usually heterogeneous in time and space. Decisions about how to derive population‐wide estimates from this patchwork of data are complicated and may bias estimated population dynamics, with important implications for subsequent management decisions.

Here, we explore the impact of site selection and data aggregation decisions on pup survival estimates, and downstream estimates derived from parameterized matrix population models (MPMs), using a long‐term dataset on grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) pup survival from southwestern Wales. The spatiotemporal and methodological heterogeneity of the data are fairly typical for ecological census data and it is, therefore, a good model to address this topic.

Data were collected from 46 sampling locations (sites) over 25 years, and we explore the impact of data handling decisions by varying how years and sampling locations are combined to parameterize pup survival in population‐level MPMs. We focus on pup survival because abundant high‐quality data are available on this developmental stage.

We found that survival probability was highly variable with most variation being at the site level, and poorly correlated among sampling sites. This variation could generate marked differences in predicted population dynamics depending on sampling strategy. The sample size required for a confident survival estimate also varied markedly geographically.

We conclude that for populations with highly variable vital rates among sub‐populations, site selection and data aggregation methods are important. In particular, including peripheral or less frequently used areas can introduce substantial variation into population estimates. This is likely to be context‐dependent, but these choices, including the use of appropriate weights when summarizing across sampling areas, should be explored to ensure that management actions are successful.
Direct oral anticoagulants compared to vitamin K antagonist for the management of left ventricular thrombus
Authors: Iqbal Hansa , Straw Sam , Craven Thomas P. , Stirling Katherine , Wheatcroft Stephen B. , Witte Klaus K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsLeft ventricular (LV) thrombus is increasingly detected in patients with and without ischaemic heart disease due to the increased availability of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Risk factors include anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction, delayed reperfusion therapy, and non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy with severe LV systolic dysfunction. We aimed to report the characteristics and outcomes of patients with LV thrombus treated with either vitamin K antagonist (VKA) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) with a view to describing differences in efficacy, specifically, subsequent thromboembolic events, thrombus resolution, and also side effects of therapy including clinically significant bleeding.Methods and resultsWe conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study of patients diagnosed with LV thrombus between 1 December 2012 and 30 June 2018 and treated with either DOAC or VKA. We recorded patient demographics, past medical history, prescribed medications, and baseline investigations. The primary outcomes were rates of thromboembolism and clinically significant bleeding, with secondary outcomes of thrombus resolution on repeat cardiac imaging, repeat hospitalization, and all‐cause mortality. During the study period, 84 patients were diagnosed with and managed for LV thrombus. Of these, 62 received VKA and 22 DOAC including 13 prescribed rivaroxaban, eight apixaban, and one dabigatran. Most patients 75 (89%) were male with an average age of 62 ± 14 years. Ischaemic heart disease was the cause of LV impairment in 73 (87%) patients. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups at baseline. Most n = 55 (65%) were co‐prescribed a single antiplatelet agent and 32 (38%) received dual‐antiplatelet therapy. During an average follow‐up of 3.0 ± 1.4 years, there were no statistically significant differences between VKA and DOAC in rates of stroke (2% vs. 0%, P = 0.55), other thromboemboli (2% vs. 0%, P = 0.55), or clinically significant bleeding (10% vs. 0%, P = 0.13). The average interval to cardiac imaging follow‐up was 233 ± 251 days and was not different between groups (P = 0.83), and there was no difference in the rate of resolution of thrombus (76% vs. 65% P = 0.33). Rehospitalization (50% vs. 45%: P = 0.53) and all‐cause mortality (10% vs. 14%; P = 0.61) were also similar.ConclusionsOur data suggest that DOACs are likely to be at least as effective and safe as VKA for stroke prevention in patients with LV thrombus and, despite their lack of a licence for this indication, are therefore likely to represent a reasonable and more convenient option for this setting. The optimal timing and type of anticoagulation for LV thrombus, as well as the role of screening for high‐risk patients, should be tested in prospective, randomized trials.
MnO2 Nanoclusters Decorated on GrapheneModified Pencil Graphite Electrode for Non‐Enzymatic Determination of Cholesterol
Authors: Rison Sherin , Akshaya K. B. , Bhat Vinay S , Shanker G. , Maiyalagan T. , Joice E. K. , Hegde Gurumurthy , Varghese Anitha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectrochemically deposited MnO2 on graphene coated Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE) has been used to develop a facile electrochemical sensor for the determination of Cholesterol. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) studies and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) technique were used to investigate the electrochemical properties of the modified sensing platform. The physicochemical properties of the modified electrodes were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The experimental conditions such as effect of scan rate, concentration and pH were optimized. The linear dynamic range for the determination of Cholesterol was found to be 12×10−10 M–240×10−10 M under optimum conditions. The ultralow level of detection limit (0.42 nM) demonstrates the high sensitivity of the proposed method. The developed method was successfully applied for the non‐enzymatic determination of Cholesterol in human blood samples at ultralow levels.
Topological structures of river networks and their regional‐scale controls: A multivariate classification approach
Authors: Walley Yasmin , Henshaw Alexander J. , Brasington James 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLandscape evolution is governed by the interplay of uplift, climate, erosion, and the discontinuous pattern of sediment transfer from the proximal source of erosion to distal sedimentary sinks. The transfer of sediment through the catchment system is often referred to as a cascade, the pattern of which is modulated by the interaction of key network characteristics such as the distribution of transport capacity and resultant zones of sediment storage. An understanding of how sediment production is modulated through river networks with different topological structures at the associated timescales has remained elusive but presents significant implications for the knowledge of river response to disturbance events, and floodplain asset management.A multivariate method of identifying representative topological structures from a range of river networks is presented. Stream networks from 59 catchments in the South Island of New Zealand were extracted from a digital elevation model and their key topological parameters quantified. A principal component analysis was implemented to reduce these to two‐dimensional axes that represent the magnitude of network branching and the topographic structure of each catchment, respectively. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis revealed five network ‘types’, which are examined in terms of their internal structural characteristics and relationships to potential regional‐scale controls. Implications for sediment transfer in these network ‘types’, and their use as representative networks for further analysis, are discussed. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Proxy re‐encryption with equality test for secure data sharing in Internet of Things‐based healthcare systems
Authors: Li Wenchao , Jin Chuanjie , Kumari Saru , Xiong Hu , Kumar Sachin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing brings tremendous convenience and efficiency to process and store growing sensor data in healthcare systems. For the security of sensor data collected by healthcare systems, encrypting data before uploading is necessary. Nevertheless, these encrypted form sensor data make it a research challenge to achieve efficient data search and data sharing on the cloud‐assisted IoT simultaneously. Encrypting data by public key encryption with equality test (PKE‐ET) scheme, identified as a viable solution, is capable to search data encrypted with different keys efficiently. However, how to efficiently share searched healthcare record on the cloud server is still an unsettled problem. To address this problem, we combine the concepts of proxy re‐encryption (PRE) and PKE‐ET to obtain proxy re‐encryption with equality test (PRE‐ET). Inheriting the advantages of PKE‐ET and PRE, the user can search the required healthcare record data from data encrypted under different public keys. Meanwhile, the searched healthcare record can be shared securely and flexibly without disclosing the secret key and plaintext. We prove the security of our PRE‐ET construction based on divisible computation Diffie‐Hellman assumption in the random oracle model. Eventually, the proposed scheme is proven useful according to extensive efficiency analysis and comparison.
Joint subchannel assignment and power control in OFDMA in‐band full‐duplex heterogeneous networks
Authors: Rajabi Hamed , Rasti Mehdi , Pedram Hossein , Yousefpour Rohollah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmong the emerging technologies for the fifth‐generation (5G) cellular networks, in‐band full‐duplex (FD) wireless communication and heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are two promising technologies, which can significantly improve the network capacity. Due to self‐interference (SI) and multiple sources of intercell interference, base station (BS)‐BS interference and user equipment (UE)‐UE interference in FD HetNets, interference management is a significant and challenging issue in such a network. To this end, in this article, we study the joint subchannel assignment and power control problem in the OFDMA FD HetNet. The joint subchannel assignment and power control problem in this network is formulated as an optimization problem to maximize the uplink and downlink sum throughput of the femtocell user equipments (FUEs) taking into account the maximum interference constraint imposed on the macrocell user equipments (MUEs) and the minimum throughput constraint of FUEs. Since the formulated problem is a nonconvex and intractable mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, we invoke variable change and linear approximation to reformulate and convert the problem into a tractable mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) problem. Numerical results show that the optimal solution of the new MILP problem is very close to the optimal objective value of the original MINLP problem. The results also demonstrate that in an OFDMA FD HetNet, when all the UEs and the BSs are FD, approximately 50% improvement in the network throughputcan be achieved compared with a half‐duplex HetNet.