bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with safe intramuscular injection practice among nurses of a teaching hospital
Authors: Bajracharya Rashmila 
Published: January 2020

Introductions: Injection medication is one of the major responsibilities of a nurse. The principles and techniques of intramuscular (IM) injections are associated with safe nursing practice.
Methods: A self-administered questionnaire for knowledge and observational checklist for procedure was used to assess the level of knowledge and practice of IM injection of nurses at Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS), Nepal, during August 12 to September 07, 2018. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee of PAHS. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Out of total 78 nurses included, 5 (6.4%) had adequate knowledge, 59 (75.6%) moderate, 14 (17.9%) inadequate knowledge regarding IM injection. Similarly, out of 26 nurses observed for IM injection practices, 10 (38.5%) had good practice, 16 (61.5%) fair, and none had poor practice regarding IM injection. There was significant association of knowledge and practice of IM injection (p=0.03).
Conclusions: The study shows three fourth nurses have moderately adequate level of knowledge of IM injection and more than half of them have fair practice.
Bergen’s role in the medieval North Atlantic trade
Authors: Helle Knut 
Published: January 2020

North Atlantic trade in the high Middle Ages was centred on Bergen. The Bergen connection was important to the North Atlantic islanders and townsmen who specialized in trading with them, but up to the early fourteenth century did not count for much in Bergen’s total trade. This changed when larger assignments of Icelandic stockfish were sent to Bergen from the 1340s and reexported via the town’s Hanseatic settlement, the later Kontor. During the fifteenth century fish exports from the North Atlantic to Bergen declined sharply as the English increasingly fetched their fish directly from Iceland, and Hanseatic merchants from Hamburg and Lübeck followed in their wake to Iceland and the more southerly islands. Yet, in the author’s opinion, Hanseatic trade with the North Atlantic from Bergen was not reduced to the degree that has often been assumed. And it should not be overlooked that Bergen had economic relations with the North Atlantic islands outside the Hanse.
The North Atlantic trade of Hamburg (c. 1400–1650)
Authors: Lorenzen-Schmidt Klaus-J. 
Published: January 2020

Hamburg was the main north German town trading with the western North Atlantic region in the period between 1450 and 1650. Other towns, such as Lübeck, Wismar and Rostock also called at Bergen, but the contact of German seafaring merchants with Iceland was dominated by men from Hamburg. Even after the closing of the island to all except Danish-Norwegian merchants by the Danish kings, the trade with Hamburg continued and partly bypassing the warehouse in Glückstadt. The main export commodities were grain and cloth, while back came fish and sulphur, besides some articles of minor significance. The Shetland trade also had some importance for the Hamburg merchants, importing fish and exporting grain and fishing material. In general, the North Atlantic trade was of minor importance in the total of the Hamburg trade which was dominated by transactions with western (Holland, England, France) and south-western (Portugal, Spain) Europe. The highest profits were made in that sphere.
Reflexiones sobre la historia del Perú fuera del Perú
Authors: Rosas Moscoso Fernado 
Published: January 2020

ResumenEn el contexto del Bicentenario de la Independencia del Perú, en este artículo ofrecemos un enfoque de la historia patria casi totalmente dejado de lado; el investigar y difundir la historia de territorios que en épocas pretéritas pertenecieron a nuestro país y que actualmente no forman parte de su espacio. Palabras clave: historia del Perú, Bicentenario, Independencia.
AbstractThe territorial extension of a singular state or a politic organization changes throughout time and the current reality determines the limits of the historical process and makes us lose on sight the different dimensions that hold the course of time. It involves pondering about the importance of these variabilities and the role of the political construction from that time. The vision of Peru, concerning the territories that in our current time do not belong to our country, and the reappraisal of the forgotten and delayed phases. The case of Peru is unique due to the existence of three phases: Prehispanic phase, Hispanic domination phase and Republican phase.Keywords: State, territorial evolution, History of Peru, Peruvian history outside present Peru
La contemplación: estado superior del espíritu
Authors: Flores Barboza José Clemente , Paredes Rosales Franks 
Published: January 2020

ResumenEl presente artículo está dividido en tres partes: En la primera se hace un esclarecimiento del concepto “Contemplación” refiriéndolo a los primeros filósofos griegos Platón y Aristóteles, quienes lo definieron como el asombro ante un hecho, objeto, paisaje, personaje que despierta vivencias fuertemente arraigadas en el espíritu. Se destaca el aporte de Platón a la contemplación de las ideas, particularmente el Bien como base de todo lo bueno y recto que existe. También meditaciones de Aristóteles y Plotino. En la segunda parte, se ocupa de los ámbitos de la contemplación estética, filosófica y mística, y finalmente, se vincula la educación al enriquecimiento del espíritu para contemplar lo bueno y lo bello. En cada ámbito se destaca un ejemplo: Neruda revive a Vallejo, Watanabe contempla la naturaleza y finalmente la imagen de Macchu Picchu vista desde la Casa del Guardián.Palabras clave: Contemplación estética, contemplación filosófica, contemplación mística, vida contemplativa, contemplación y educación, razón y pasión
AbstractThis article is divided into three parts. In the first part the concept “Contemplation” is clarified associating it with Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle, who defined it as the amazement one holds at an event, object, landscape, or character that evokes experiences closely related to one’s spirit. Plato’s contribution towards the contemplation of ideas is highlighted, especially, righteousness as the foundation of everything that is good and correct. Meditations by Aristotle and Plotinus are also discussed. In the second part, it deals with the fields of aesthetic,philosophical and mystical contemplation and, finally, educationis linked to the enrichment of the spirit to contemplate the good and the beautiful. In each scenario, an example is analyzed,Neruda brings Vallejo back, Watanabe contemplates nature, and finally the citadel of Macchu Picchu as seen from Casa del Guardian.Keywords: Aesthetic Contemplation - Philosophical, cobtemplation - Mystical Contemplation - Contemplative Life - Contemplation and Education - Reasoning and Passion
Post-weld heat treatment effects on the tensile properties of cold metal arc welded AA 6061-T6 aluminum joints
Authors: Ramaswamy Addanki , Malarvizhi Sudersanan , Balasubramanian Visvalingam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Heat treatable aluminium alloys of the 6xxx series are widely used in the hood, trunk and roof sections of a car body as they offer better corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratio and excellent weldability characteristics. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), a high productivity process is extensively employed in the automobile sector due to its ease of automation. HAZ softening is one of the most common problems that occurs during the welding of aluminium alloys by GMAW because of its high heat input. Cold metal transfer (CMT) is the most suitable welding process for welding aluminium alloys especially for controlling HAZ softening issues that occur due to the low heat input involved in this process. However, softening continues to exist in the welded joints. In this investigation, Post -weld heat treatment (PWHT) was employed to increase joint efficiency and to minimize the HAZ softening of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy joints welded by GMAW and CMT. The results show that the tensile strength of a post-weld heat treated CMT joint is 10 % higher i. e., 242 MPa (76 % of joint efficiency), than that of the as welded CMT joint. This is due to the nucleation of strengthening precipitates in the weld metal and heat affected zone regions.
Characterization of thick carbon/basalt hybrid fiber polyester composites with graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Aslan Mustafa , Kaymaz Ertugrul Gazi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effect of the hybridization of basalt and carbon fabrics on physical and mechanical properties of the thick carbon and basalt hybrid woven composites manufactured by compression molding was investigated in this study. Monotype (all carbon and all basalt) and their hybrid woven fabric layer combinations were used to reinforce polyester resin. However, the effect of the Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinforcement was also examined in polyester matrix by adding different volume fractions between 0.1 and 2 wt.-%. Afterward, the optimized GNPs at the ratio of 0.1 wt.-% was used in one of the hybrid composite combinations (10C10BGNP) in order to improve fiber matrix adhesion. The specimens were subjected to three different tests including tensile, flexural and impact tests as well as morphological characterization by SEM and XRD. Results showed that tensile strengths of thick carbon/basalt hybrid composites are higher than the tensile strengths of thick monotype carbon and basalt composites. The best tensile properties were achieved in 14C6BP hybrid composites while the highest flexural performance of 501 MPa and the highest impact energy of 14.32 J was achieved in 10C10BP hybrid composites with the addition of GNPs. Moreover, the ratio of the basalt fiber content increased the impact energy of hybrid composites to a level comparable to that of all basalt fiber composites.
Le métier d’institutrice indépendante francophone à Montréal, 1869-1915
Authors: Dufour Andrée 
Published: January 2020

En 2006, nous publiions dans le périodique français Histoire de l’éducation, no 109, un article intitulé « Les premières enseignantes laïques au Québec. Le cas de Montréal, 1825-1835 ». Ces enseignantes, anglophones en majorité, tenaient de petites écoles essentiellement privées dans lesquelles était instruite une importante composante de la jeunesse montréalaise. S’inspirant du modèle implanté par ces récentes immigrantes britanniques, des maîtresses laïques francophones ont suivi cet exemple. Elles vont peu à peu s’approprier ce modèle d’institutrices indépendantes et aussi le poursuivre au XIXe et même au XXe siècles. Elles ont ainsi participé par leurs écoles, souvent petites, à l’éducation d’une frange significative de la jeunesse notamment au XIXe siècle, et ce, en dépit de l’implantation de la Commission catholique de Montréal en 1846. Aussi nous a-t-il semblé pertinent de nous attarder dans ce texte à l’apport éducationnel de ces enseignantes et ce, plus particulièrement, à celui des années 1869-1915.
Legal Protection for Apartment Buyers Due to Action of the Default Developer
Authors: S.H., M.HUM Suwardi 
Published: January 2020

Act No. 20 of 2011 on the towers to make the legal basis for vertical residential building whose ownership is shared objects, piece together and ground together. With Improved and national economic growth are positive also helped encourage and spur improve the provision of residential development condotel in several major cities in Indoenesia this happens because of the looseness of the Government's policy on the provision of building vertical form of the apartment plus more because of market demand and the people who continue to increase, especially for the middle to high society and it is believed Developer these conditions will continue to increase and grow as global developments that occurred in the decade as it is today. Thus the government, especially the Ministry of Housing (Kemenpera) must anticipate on these developments to immediately find a solution. Fulfillment of the housing needs in the form of building vertical shape of one of them can be done through the construction of residential apartments. Apartment development policy to be one attractive option to do both by government and private sector employers as the property as part of an urban housing development in the region, especially given the increasingly expensive and limited availability of land.
Key words: Buyers, Apartments, Legal Protection.
Adults Impact on the Reliability and Suggestibility of Childrenâ€™s Eyewitness Testimony
Authors: ERMAÄžAN Ã‡AÄžLAR Eda , KOCABAÅžOÄžLU NeÅŸe 
Published: January 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of authority on the susceptibility of child witnesses and the reliability of their testimonies. This study, consisting of experimental and control groups, included 20 girls and 20 boys, totalling 40 children. It took place in two phases; an initial phase (â€œeyewitnessâ€, â€œpost-event interviewâ€) and, one week later, a final phase (â€œrecallâ€). In the individual interviews held with the children, a questionnaire consisting of a free narrative question and 18 open-ended questions was used. The free narrative question asked the children to specify the details they remembered about the animated film. The open-ended questions focused on the events and characters in the film. However, 12 of the open-ended questions could be answered correctly since they were about characters and situations in the film that the children had watched, while six of the questions were trick questions that were about characters and situations that were not shown in the film. For data analysis, both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to reach the deeper level of perception and memories that children shared about the film. In conclusion, after analysis, it was found that even when the interview takes place immediately after the event, children are significantly affected by the misinformation given by an adult and their knowledge on the event in question is shaped according to this misinformation. It was observed that children create "a new event" based on the information they receive from an adult.
Key words: Child, Eyewitness testimony, Reliability, Suggestibility, Suggestive interview, Memory.
The Unsolved Problem of Traffic Accidents Worldwide
Authors: NUHIU Agim , RAMADANI Ajten 
Published: January 2020

The problem of traffic accidents is not generally discussed as an issue with any political, philosophical, psychological, or cultural implications. What might such implications be? In terms of policing, countries and nations worldwide generally have quite a narrow focus on prophylaxis (road safety education, awareness campaigns, warning signs about speed limits, dangerous corners, etc.) and punishment (fines, trials, sometimes prison sentences for those who cause accidents). This paper argues that a broader and deeper analysis of the issue is needed, in order to understand (principally) and possibly pre-empt or at least remediate (secondarily) the harm and damage of traffic accidents. Methodology: systemic analysis and culture-critical analysis combined with perspectives from public policy, philosophy, democratic and libertarian political theory, and psychology. Conclusions will promote improved clarity and refreshed thinking about this important but misunderstood issue on the part of researchers and practitioners alike.
Key words: Traffic, Accidents, Policing, Democracy, Liberty, Culture, Civilization.
The Influence of Parenting Styles on Social Behavior and Competence in Function of Student Learning Success
Authors: UKA Valbona , BERISHA Hanife 
Published: January 2020

Styles of parenting create different social environments in the lives of children inside the home. The main purpose of this research is to find out the existence of a relationship between parenting, emotional control, prosocial behavior, and student success in learning. The study included a sample of 200 subjects from two low public secondary schools in KaÃ§anik, 51% female and 49% male. Participants were 15 years of age (28 teenagers), 16 (51 teenagers), 17 (21 teenagers). The tests used in this research are: a question about parenting styles that is standardized for use in our country and a question about social competence. The results showed an authoritative parental stature with 50% of the parents, followed by the indifferent style of 27%, the authoritative style with 14%, and the liberal style with 9% of the polled ones. Regarding social competence, dominates the average level of social maturity by 62%, followed by high social maturity by 24% and low social maturity by 14% of adolescent sample. The feminine gender of adolescents exhibits higher emotional control versus the male gender of adolescents with less emotional control than that of the female gender. There is a significant difference in the appearance of prosocial behaviors according to the level of success. It was also found that there is a statistically significant difference between the level of emergence of social competence deriving from the sex of the subject in this research, then the feminine gender of the adolescents exhibits higher emotional control in spite of the age-old gender, there is a significant difference in the appearance of prosocial behaviors according to the level of success, as well as the 16-year-old show higher levels of prosocial behavior despite 15 and 17 year-olds in this research.
This study puts emphasis on parents awareness and psycho-education on positive parenting strategies for the growth of healthy children with a sense of autonomy and confidence.
Key words: Parenting Styles, Social Competence, Students, Social Behavior, Success.
The Effect of Garlic Volatile Oil Supplementation on Illeum Histologic of Extensive System Cihateup Duck
Authors: Mushawwir Andi , Suwarno Nono , Yulianti An An , Permana Ronnie 
Published: January 2020

Eighty and three month old, famale sex Cihateup duck were used in the current study to evaluate the potential of volatile oil from garlic extract in improving histological illeum (morfometric of villi, plaque pey and goblet cells) which was rearing in exstensive system. Volatile oil isolated from garlic by using destilated tecnique. Eighty of animal sample were assigned to four group, each treatment group consist of twenty of duck. There were 4 treatments with supplental volatile oil (VO) by orally, as follow L0=without of VO; L1= VO of 150 mL; L2= VO of 175 mL and L3= VO of 200 mL. Illeum tissue samples were collected using fixative solution and the illeum samples was used to determine the illeum morfometric parameters (villi, plaque pey and goblet cells) by a mallory-asan tecnique, using a histological kit. The current study showed that overall results indicated a significant treatment effect(P<0,05) for illeum histological condition. VO can improve the illeum morfometric dimension in extensive symtem of duck. Based on the results of this study, VO resulted in supplemented levels that significantly enhanced of protein and lipid anabolic and stimulated hormone signal related growth illeum.
Pengaruh Lama Penyimpanan Wafer Pakan Sampah Sayuran Terhadap Kandungan Fraksi Serat (Hemiselulosa, Selulosa dan Lignin)
Authors: Definiati Neli 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT Vegetable waste can be an alternative in the supply of animal feed because it has a relatively good nutritional content but the condition is easy to rot, so needs processing through technology in the form of wafers to optimize the utilization of vegetable waste. This study aims to determine the effect of different storage times on fiber fractions and is expected to provide information on how to make wafer feed for ruminant.This research was conducted in April to June 2019 at the Laboratory of Agriculture at the University of Muhammadiyah Bengkulu and continued by Van Soest analysts at the Bogor Institute of Agriculture Laboratory (IPB). The method used in this study is a Completely Randomized Design with A (control), B (stored for 1 week), C (stored for 2 weeks), D (stored for 3 weeks). The parameters observed were hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin.The results showed that the treatment was significantly different for the content of hemicellulose and lignin but not significantly for the cellulose content. The conclusion in this study is that the storage time of wafers for 21 days can reduce the content of hemicellulose and lignin, but can not reduce the content of cellulose. Keywords: Vegetable Waste, Wafers, Hemicellulose, Cellulose and Lignin.
Plan de mejora enfocado en la seguridad industrial para la empresa Inmeplast basado en las 5S
Authors: Luna Altamirano Kleber Antonio , Quizhpe Peralta Laura Geordania , Bravo Chimbo Karina Magaly Bravo Chimbo 
Published: January 2020

La empresa Industrial Inmeplast fue creada el 01 de julio del año 1994, está ubicada en la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador, se dedica a la fabricación de partes y piezas plásticas en tiempos reducidos, mediante el uso de máquinas inyectoras. El problema de la investigación radica en que los empleados de la empresa Inmeplast no utilizan los implementos de seguridad constantemente en su jornada laboral, causando accidentes de trabajo a pesar de que la misma provee los implementos necesarios para laborar (cascos, guantes, zapatos, mascarillas, gafas, orejeras, ropa de trabajo) e incluso proporciona las capacitaciones adecuadas, charlas o conferencias para confrontar las diferentes emergencias que se puedan presentar. El objetivo del estudio es diseñar un plan de mejora en el área de producción de la empresa, implementando las 5S (Son la herramienta clave para lograr la organización del área de trabajo y cada concepto tiene una función importante. Seiri: selección o clasificación, distinguir lo que es necesario de lo que no lo es. Seiton: Orden u organización, un lugar para cada cosa, y cada cosa en su lugar. Seiso: Limpieza, establecer métodos para mantener limpio el lugar de trabajo. Seiketsu: Limpieza estandarizada, es la condición o el estado que existe cuando se mantienen las 3 primeras “S”. Shitsuke: Disciplina, establecer mecanismos para establecer un hábito). La metodología de la investigación es de tipo descriptiva con enfoque cuantitativo, se aplicará la técnica de encuestas para obtener información que servirá de base para desarrollar un plan de mejora que es un conjunto de medidas de cambio que se toman en una organización con la finalidad de mejorar el área de producción en lo que respecta al uso de los implementos de seguridad. Finalmente, como resultados se obtendrá unos trabajadores comprometidos con su seguridad brindando un ambiente laboral confortable y así convertirse en el aliado ideal para la satisfacción de la organización.
Sintesis Metil Ester Nitrat dari Minyak Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L)
Authors: Astam Amal , Nurliana Laily , Kadidae La Ode 
Published: January 2020

Research on the synthesis of methyl ester nitrate from nyamplung seed oil (Calophyllum inophyllum L.). The aims of study are to are to determine the nitrate methyl ester can be synthesized from nyamplung seed oil determine the yield of the transesterification and nitration reaction from nyamplung seed oil. In this study nyamplung seed oil was obtained from pressing nyamplung seeds using a hydraulic press, then the crude oil obtained was subsequently degumming to remove gum. Free oil of the etherified gum then transesterification with methanol. The transesterification results are then titrated and produce nitric methyl esters. Characterization of nitric methyl ester by spectrophotometer IR shows functional groups C-ONO2, C=C dan C-NO2 at wave number 1635,64 cm-1 1550,77 cm-1 dan 1365, 60 cm-1. The yield of transesterification of nyamplung oil was 64.66% and the nitration yield was 10.6%.