bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anhedonia, positive affect dysregulation, and risk and maintenance of binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Mason Tyler B. , Smith Kathryn E. , Anderson Lisa M. , Hazzard Vivienne M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLow positive affect has been identified as an antecedent of binge‐eating episodes among individuals with binge‐eating disorder (BED), yet positive affect has received far less attention in eating disorders research than its counterpart, negative affect. In this article, we argue that the low levels of positive affect which occur with anhedonia (i.e., loss of interest or pleasure in activities) may contribute to the onset and maintenance of BED. We introduce a theoretical model in which anhedonia increases the risk for BED through its interrelationships with dysregulated eating and weight gain, and we describe potential direct (e.g., reward‐related processes) as well as indirect (e.g., influences on depressive symptoms and physical activity) pathways by which anhedonia may lead to adverse eating‐ and weight‐related outcomes. We also propose a momentary maintenance model in which low positive affect and positive affect dysregulation occurring with anhedonia maintain binge eating directly and indirectly through maladaptive health behaviors, such as decreased physical activity, less healthy eating, and fewer social interactions, which in turn maintain anhedonia. We draw upon outside literature to present evidence that aligns with the proposed risk and maintenance models and conclude by outlining avenues for future research—including methodological/measurement, theoretical, and clinical research directions.
Potential for ecological nonlinearities and thresholds to inform Pacific salmon management
Authors: Munsch Stuart H. , Andrews Kelly S. , Crozier Lisa G. , Fonner Robert , Gosselin Jennifer L. , Greene Correigh M. , Harvey Chris J. , Lundin Jessica I. , Pess George R. , Samhouri Jameal F. , Satterthwaite William H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEcology is often governed by nonlinear dynamics. Nonlinear ecological relationships can include thresholds—incremental changes in drivers that provoke disproportionately large ecological responses. Among the species that experience nonlinear and threshold dynamics are Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). These culturally, ecologically, and economically significant fishes are in many places declining and management focal points. Often, managers can influence or react to ecological conditions that salmon experience, suggesting that nonlinearities, especially thresholds, may provide opportunities to inform decisions. However, nonlinear dynamics are not always invoked in management decisions involving salmon. Here, we review reported nonlinearities and thresholds in salmon ecology, describe potential applications that scientists and managers could develop to leverage nonlinear dynamics, and offer a path toward decisions that account for ecological nonlinearities and thresholds to improve salmon outcomes. It appears that nonlinear dynamics are not uncommon in salmon ecology and that many management arenas may potentially leverage them to enable more effective or efficient decisions. Indeed, decisions guided by nonlinearities and thresholds may be particularly desirable considering salmon management arenas are often characterized by limited resources and mounting ecological stressors, practical constraints, and conservation challenges. More broadly, many salmon systems are data‐rich and there are an extensive range of ecological contexts in which salmon are sensitive to anthropogenic decisions. Approaches developed to leverage nonlinearities in salmon ecology may serve as examples that may inform analogous approaches in other systems and taxa.
Excluding arbuscular mycorrhiza lowers variability in soil respiration but slows down recovery from perturbations
Authors: Veresoglou Stavros D. , Yang Gaowen , Mola Magkdi , Manntschke Annette , Mating Moritz , Forstreuter Manfred , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe role of mutualisms in mediating temporal stability in an ecosystem has been debated extensively. Here, we focus on how a ubiquitous mutualism, arbuscular mycorrhiza, influences temporal stability of a key ecosystem process, ecosystem respiration. We discriminated between two forms of temporal stability, temporal variability and resilience, and hypothesized that excluding arbuscular mycorrhiza would be detrimental for both of them. We analyzed a set of 10 parallel manipulation experiments to assess how excluding arbuscular mycorrhiza modulates temporal stability compared to other common experimental factors. We quantified the temporal variability of ecosystem respiration and the resilience to experimental perturbations (i.e., pulses, stresses, and a disturbance) following manipulations of mycorrhizal state. We observed lower temporal variability in the absence of arbuscular mycorrhiza in discord to our main hypothesis. Manipulating arbuscular mycorrhiza had a stronger impact on temporal variability than the pulse (application of urea), the stress (addition of salt), and a disturbance (experimental defoliation) but weaker than excluding primary producers or comparing across different plant species. Resilience to experimental perturbations declined in non‐mycorrhizal microcosms. We present an empirical study on how mutualisms impact temporal stability. Arbuscular mycorrhiza differentially alters temporal variability and resilience, highlighting that generalizing across different forms of temporal stability could be misleading.
Analyzing vegetation change in a sagebrush ecosystem using long‐term field observations and Landsat imagery in Wyoming
Authors: Shi Hua , Homer Collin , Rigge Matthew , Postma Kory , Xian George 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe importance of monitoring shrublands to detect and understand changes through time is increasingly recognized as critical to management. This research focuses on ecological change observed over 10 yr of field observation at 126 plots and over 35 yr of the Landsat archive in a shrubland ecosystem. Field data consisting of the fractional cover of shrubs, sagebrush, herbs, litter, and bare ground components were collected to be directly comparable to Landsat time‐series predictions at an ecoregion level. We used these data to test three hypotheses. First, that precipitation and temperature govern changes in the proportions of shrubland components on an interannual time scale. Second, that longer‐term component change is related to climate change. Finally, that change intensity varies by shrubland communities clustered by biophysical conditions. We found that the field observations and Landsat times‐series predictions generally responded similarly to interannual variation in weather, chiefly driven by precipitation. Landsat times‐series data provided a reasonable means of scaling up the findings of the field observations to a larger temporal and spatial window. The results of the analysis indicate that shrubland component change intensity significantly varies by biophysical clusters, and indicate a significant increase in the cover of shrubs and sagebrush in long‐term monitoring plots between 2008 and 2017 and in the Landsat time‐series data across the Wyoming Basin study area from 1985 to 2017 and from 2008 to 2017. Our results indicate that the Landsat time series can be used to answer critical questions regarding the influence of climate change and the suitability of management practices in shrubland ecosystems.
Shape stabilization of phase change material by polymerized high internal phase emulsion for thermal energy storage
Authors: Zhao Jiaojiao , Zhang Wei , Gao Chengqian , Yin Dezhong 
Published: December 2020

SummaryTo prepare shape‐stabilized phase change material (SS‐PCM), polymerized high internal phase emulsion (PolyHIPE) was used as the support material, and the hexadecanol was immersed through the vacuum impregnation method. Structure and thermal properties of prepared SS‐PCM were characterized by mercury injection test, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and thermal cycling test. The pore properties of PolyHIPE can be adjusted by internal phase ratio, surfactant content and crosslinking agent content of HIPEs. Experimental parameters for PolyHIPE preparation were optimized in term of phase change enthalpy and shape stability of resultant SS‐PCM. Under optimal condition, the obtained SS‐PCM possess high impregnation ratio (92.6%), high phase change enthalpy (210.4 J·g−1) and excellent long‐term shape stability (2.53% leakage after 1000 thermal cycles). It is highly feasible to use polyHIPE as a support material to prepare SS‐PCMs, and the SS‐PCMs have good energy storage capability, showing brilliant prospects in the field of thermal storage and temperature regulation.
Evaluating the drop of electrochemical performance of Ni/YSZ and Ni/ScSZ solid oxide fuel cells operated with dry biogas
Authors: Arifin Nor Anisa , Shamsuddin Abd Halim , Steinberger‐Wilckens Robert 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThis work is aimed at evaluating the influence of carbon deposition on the power density drop of in‐house fabricated Ni/YSZ and Ni/ScSZ solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operating in dry internal reforming of simulated biogas (CH4/CO2 = 2). An immediate drop of open‐circuit voltage (OCV) and maximum power densities is observed when the fuel changes from hydrogen to biogas, 86.5% and 33.3% for the Ni/YSZ and Ni/ScSZ cells, respectively with mass transfer polarisation dominates Ni/YSZ polarisation. Carbon deposition is investigated as the cause of the reduction in performance by quantification of deposited carbon by temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) and catalytic activity test. Results from TPO analysis show unexpectedly higher amount of carbon on the Ni/ScSZ cells (2.35 × 10−3 mgC/mgcat) as compared to Ni/YSZ (5.68 × 10−4 mgC/mgcat) despite higher performance of the former. Catalytic activity tests reveal a low carbon oxidation rate compared to an initially higher methane decomposition reaction, leading to carbon deposition in both cells, in which the methane decomposition reaction of Ni/ScSZ is higher. Different effects are observed on the pellets, where the carbon deposited on Ni/YSZ deactivates the reforming reaction sites as quick as 20 minutes into the operation, whereas carbon deposited on the Ni/ScSZ pellet did not show the same blocking effect on the catalyst due to the different carbon morphology formed. A graphitic whisker‐like rod structure is observed on Ni/ScSZ while amorphous non‐crystalline carbon covers the Ni/YSZ pellets with 3 hours exposure to high methane content dry biogas (CH4/CO2 = 2). The difference of carbon structure affects the amount of carbon quantified in the TPO analysis where most of the amorphous carbon oxidises while some of the graphitic carbon deposits remain.
Modelling of sediment supply from torrent catchments in the Western Alps using the sediment contributing area (SCA) approach
Authors: Altmann Moritz , Haas Florian , Heckmann Tobias , Liébault Frédéric , Becht Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe production of coarse sediment in mountain landscapes depends mainly on the type and activity of geomorphic processes and topographic and natural conditions (e.g. vegetation cover) of these catchments. The supply of sediment from these slopes to mountain streams and its subsequent transport lead to sediment connectivity, which describes the integrated coupled state of these systems. Studies from the Northern Calcareous Alps show that the size of the sediment contributing area (SCA), a subset of the drainage area that effectively delivers sediment to the channel network, can be used as a predictor of sediment delivery to mountain streams. The SCA concept is delineated on a digital elevation model (DEM) using a set of rules related to the steepness and length of slopes directly adjacent to the channel network, the gradient of the latter and the vegetation cover. The present study investigates the applicability of this concept to the Western Alps to identify geomorphologically active areas and to estimate mean annual sediment yield (SY) in mainly debris‐flow‐prone catchments. We use a statistical approach that shows a parameter optimisation and a linear regression of SY on SCA extent. We use a dataset of ~25 years of assessed coarse sediment accumulation in 35 sediment retention basins. In the investigated catchments, sediment transport is governed by several factors, mainly by the extent of vegetation‐free areas with a minimum slope of 23° that is coupled to the channel network with a very low gradient of the latter. With our improved framework, we can show that the SCA approach can be applied to catchments that are widely distributed, in a large spatial scale (hectare area) and very heterogeneous in their properties. In general, the investigated catchments show high connectivity, resulting in significant correlations between long‐term average yield and the size of the SCA.
A performance‐aware routing mechanism for flying ad hoc networks
Authors: Ali Hannan , Islam Saif ul , Song Houbing , Munir Kashif 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFlying ad hoc networks (FANETs) are visioned to unlock the potential of the Internet of Drones in various application scenarios like surveillance, agriculture, health care, disaster management, and rescue operations. As the unmanned aerial vehicles possess fast movements and frequent topological variations, selection of the next hop, self‐adaptation, and avoidance of dissemination loops have proven to be the challenging issues that have a considerable impact on the performance of a FANET. We propose a performance‐aware routing mechanism, G‐OLSR, for efficient communication and collaboration among the unmanned aerial vehicles in a FANET environment. The self‐adaptation of the network in case of any topological changes is considered in the proposed mechanism. Moreover, the proposed mechanism avoids the dissemination loops and it, consequently, improves the performance of the network. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism performs better in terms of delay, message overhead, packet delivery ratio, and throughput than Optimized Link State Routing.
A fully coupled high‐order discontinuous Galerkin solver for viscoelastic fluid flow
Authors: Kikker Anne , Kummer Florian , Oberlack Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA fully coupled high order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) solver for viscoelastic Oldroyd B fluid flow problems is presented. Contrary to known methods combining DG for the discretization of the convective terms of the material model with standard finite element methods (FEM) and using elastic viscous stress splitting (EVSS) and its derivatives, a local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) formulation first described for hyperbolic convection‐diffusion problems is used. The overall scheme is described, including temporal and spatial discretization as well as solution strategies for the nonlinear system, based on incremental increase of the Weissenberg number. The solvers suitability is demonstrated for the two‐dimensional confined cylinder benchmark problem. The cylinder is immersed in a narrow channel with a blocking ratio of 1:2 and the drag force of is compared to results from the literature. Furthermore, steady and unsteady calculations give a brief insight into the characteristics of instabilities due to boundary layer phenomena caused by viscoelasticity arising in the narrowing between channel and cylinder.
Association of cerebral microbleeds with cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer‐biomarkers and clinical symptoms in early dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Mendes Aline , Noblet Vincent , Mondino Mary , Loureiro de Sousa Paulo , Manji Sumayya , Archenault Anne , Casanovas Michel , Bousiges Olivier , Philippi Nathalie , Baloglu Seyyid , Rauch Lucie , Cretin Benjamin , Demuynck Catherine , Martin‐Hunyadi Catherine , Blanc Frederic 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence, localization and associations of cerebral microbleeds (CMB) in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) with its core clinical symptoms and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesize DLB patients with CMB have increased amyloid burden compared to those without CMB, which could also translate into clinical differences.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis from the AlphaLewyMA study (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01876459). Patients underwent a standardized protocol of brain MRI including 3D T1, 3D FLAIR and T2* sequences, and CSF analysis of AD biomarkers. CMB and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) were visually assessed in prodromal and mild demented (DLB, N = 91) and AD (AD, N = 67) patients.ResultsCMB prevalence did not differ among DLB and AD (24.2% vs. 37.3%; p = 0.081). CMB were mainly distributed in lobar topographies in both DLB (74%) and AD (89%). CMB in DLB was not associated with global cognitive performance, executive functioning, speed of information processing, or AD CSF biomarkers. Similarly, there was no difference regarding specific clinical symptoms: fluctuations, psychotic phenomena, sleep behavior disorder and Parkinsonism between DLB patients with and without CMB. AD patients with CMB had increased burden of WMH compared to those without (2.1 ± 0.86 vs. 1.4 ± 0.89; p = 0.005), according to Fazekas scale, whereas no significant difference was observed in DLB patients (1.68 ± 0.95 vs. 1.42 ± 0.91; p = 0.25).ConclusionCMB were equally prevalent with similar topographic distribution in both DLB and AD patients. CMB was not associated with CSF AD biomarkers or core clinical symptoms in DLB.
Metastatic thyroid carcinoma to the parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal spaces: Systematic review with seven newly reported cases describing an uncommon presentation of a common disease
Authors: Sandler Mykayla L. , Xing Monica H. , Levy Juliana C. , Chai Raymond L. , Khorsandi Azita S. , Gonzalez‐Velazquez Camilo , Urken Mark L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic thyroid carcinoma to retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal (RP/PP) lymph nodes is rare. Literature suggests previous lateral neck dissection (LND) may alter patterns of lymphatic drainage in the neck, predisposing to these less common sites of spread.MethodsPRISMA‐guided systematic search for all published cases detailing RP/PP metastases of well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma from 1970 to 2019.ResultsSeventy articles were identified and 44 were included, along with seven cases treated at our institution, totaling 239 cases. Cases represented both retropharyngeal (60.7%) and parapharyngeal (39.3%) metastases identified in the initial (27.6%) and recurrent (72.4%) setting.ConclusionRP/PP metastases generally present in the recurrent setting. RP/PP metastases often represent high‐risk disease, and surgical treatment is recommended.
Government and private sectors' electronic transfer practices and financial inclusion in the economic community of the West African States
Authors: Niankara Ibrahim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRelying on a pooled‐cross‐sectional panel of the 2014 and 2017 Global Findex data, and a random utility theoretic model for revealed financial preferences data analysis, this paper examines the impact of government and private sectors' electronic transfer practices on financial inclusion, in terms of individuals' ability to save and borrow within the Economic Community of the West African States (ECOWAS). For sensitivity analysis, we adopt a sequential empirical strategy, in which we estimate and contrast four specifications of the saving and borrowing processes. Overall, our findings are stable across all specifications and show that along with socio‐economic factors such as age and income, public welfare transfers and employment‐based salary transfers foster financial inclusion by significantly raising individuals' marginal propensity to save (MPS) (by 11.6% and 12.9% respectively) and marginal propensity to borrow (MPB) (by 12.6% and 8.2% respectively) within ECOWAS. We found however that, within ECOWAS, both MPS and MPB have decreased by 21.4% and 7.2%, respectively, between 2014 and 2017. Therefore, in addition to other economic growth promoting fiscal tools in national governments' toolkits, mandates on public (governments to citizens) and private (Business to citizens) electronic financial transfers are significant policy leverages for improving financial inclusion and growth within ECOWAS.
Outflow hydrology of tailwater recovery systems with comparisons to a control catchment*
Authors: Omer A.R. , Aldridge C. , Baker B.H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConservation practices termed tailwater recovery (TWR) systems are being installed throughout the Lower Mississippi River basin to mitigate damage from agricultural production. Many of the costs and benefits of these systems have yet to be documented; therefore, the objective of this study is to assess whether TWR systems have the potential to impact on the hydrology of downstream systems. In this study, we compare hydrologic parameters of two TWR systems—one with an on‐farm storage reservoir (TWR‐OFS) and one without (TWR‐D)—and a control ditch (CTRL). Systems were monitored at one outflow location each using flow meters. Estimated percentage differences between TWR‐D and CTRL sites were determined, in which the CTRL site was found to have greater values reflected in the parameters, including length of event median 94% and mean 60%; time to peak median 80% and mean 70%; time to base median 88% and mean 60%; peak flow median 86% and mean 67% and discharge median 134% and mean 101%. The TWR‐D and TWR‐OFS sites differed in peak flow, with TWR‐OFS being 40% greater. Evidence from this investigation shows that TWR systems have the potential to influence downstream hydrology by retaining water.
Collagen type XVIII alpha 1 chain (COL18A1) variants affect the risk of anti‐tuberculosis drug‐induced hepatotoxicity: A prospective study
Authors: Cheng Yuhui , Jiao Lin , Li Weixiu , Wang Jialing , Lin Zhangyu , Lai Hongli , Ying Binwu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of collagen type XVIII alpha 1 chain (COL18A1) in anti‐tuberculosis drug‐induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) has not been reported. This study aimed to explore the association between of COL18A1 variants and ATDH susceptibility.MethodsA total of 746 patients were enrolled in our study from December 2016 to April 2018, and all subjects in the study signed an informed consent form. The custom‐by‐design 2x48‐Plex SNPscanTM kit was used to genotype all selected 11 SNPs. Categorical variables were compared by chi‐square (χ2) or Fisher's exact test, while continuous variables were compared by Mann‐Whitney's U test. Plink was utilized to analyze allelic and genotypic frequencies, and genetic models. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to adjust potential factors. The odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also calculated.ResultsAmong patients with successfully genotyping, there were 114 cases and 612 controls. The mutant A allele of rs12483377 conferred the decreased risk of ATDH (OR = 0.13, 95%CI: 0.02–0.98, P = 0.020), and this significance still existed after adjusting age and gender (P = 0.024). The mutant homozygote AA genotype of rs12483377 was associated with decreased total protein levels (P = 0.018).ConclusionOur study first revealed that the A allele of COL18A1 rs12483377 was associated with the decreased risk of ATDH in the Western Chinese Han population, providing new perspective for the molecular prediction, precise diagnosis, and individual treatment of ATDH.