bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nationwide Hospital Performance on Publicly Reported Episode Spending Measures
Authors: Liao Joshua M , Zhou Lingmei , Navathe Amol S 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUNDMedicare has implemented strategies to improve value by containing hospital spending for episodes of care. Compared with payment models, publicly reported episode‐based spending measures are underrecognized strategies.OBJECTIVETo provide the first nationwide description of hospitals' episode‐based spending based on publicly reported Clinical Episode‐Based Payment (CEBP) measures.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSWe used 2017 Hospital Compare data to assess spending on six CEBPs among 1,778 hospitals. We examined spending variation and its drivers, correlation between CEBPs, and spending by cost performance categories (for individual CEBPs, below vs above average spending; for across‐CEBP comparisons, high vs low vs mixed cost). We also compared hospital spending performance on CEBPs with a global Medicare Spending Per Beneficiary measure.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESEpisode spending.RESULTSEpisode spending varied by CEBP type, with skilled nursing facility (SNF) care accounting for the majority of spending variation for procedural episodes but not for condition episodes. Across CEBPs, greater proportions of episode spending were attributed to SNF care at high‐(18.1%) vs mixed‐ (10.7%) vs low‐cost (9.2%) hospitals (P > .001). There was low within‐hospital CEBP correlation and low correlation and concordance between hospitals' CEBP and Medicare Spending Per Beneficiary performance.CONCLUSIONSVariation reduction and savings opportunities in SNF care for procedural episodes suggest that they may be better suited for existing payment models than condition episodes are. Spending performance was not hospital specific, which highlights the potential utility of episode spending measures beyond global measures.
Experimental investigation on aero-optical effects of a hypersonic optical dome under different exposure times
Authors: Ding Haolin , Yi Shihe , Zhao Xinhai , Xu Yao 
Published: March 2020

The aero-optical effects induced by the complex flow structure around a hypersonic optical dome is highly unsteady, which leads to significant differences in the imaging quality under different exposure times. It is of great significance to study the influence of exposure time on imaging quality for guiding the design of imaging guidance seekers and improving imaging guidance accuracy. Based on the hypersonic gun wind tunnel, an aero-optical effect measurement platform was built to measure the wavefront from transient exposure to long exposure. With the increase of exposure time, the accuracy of high-order optical path difference (OPD) reconstruction by low-order Zernike polynomials increased from 62.2% to 88.6%. The increase of exposure time was helpful to reduce the complexity of the wavefront spatial distribution structure. In principle, it could reduce the difficulty of wavefront adaptive correction systems. With the increase of exposure time, the

O
P
D

r
m
s

corresponding to

O
P
D

h
i
g
h
−
o
r
d
e
r

increased gradually, the amplitude decreased gradually, and the difference of

O
P
D

r
m
s

decreased gradually at different times. Under different exposure times, the large-aperture approximation principle could achieve a better prediction of Strehl ratio values. With the increase of exposure time, the imaging integral resolution,

R

, decreased obviously, and it was stable at about

1.43

R
0

. Compared with that,

R

was improved by about 30% when the exposure time was 6 ns.
Tunable hard x-ray nanofocusing with Fresnel zone plates fabricated using deep etching
Authors: Li Kenan , Ali Sajid , Wojcik Michael , De Andrade Vincent , Huang Xiaojing , Yan Hanfei , Chu Yong S. , Nazaretski Evgeny , Pattammattel Ajith , Jacobsen Chris 
Published: March 2020

Fresnel zone plates are used widely for x-ray nanofocusing, due to
their ease of alignment and energy tunability. Their spatial
resolution is limited in part by their outermost zone width

d

r
N

, while their efficiency is limited in
part by their thickness

t

z
p

. We demonstrate the use of Fresnel
zone plate optics for x-ray nanofocusing with

d

r

N

=
16

n
m

outermost zone width and a thickness
of about

t

z
p

=
1.8

µ

m

(or an aspect ratio of 110) with an
absolute focusing efficiency of 4.7% at 12 keV, and 6.2% at 10 keV.
Using partially coherent illumination at 12 keV, the zone plate
delivered a FWHM focus of

46
×
60

n
m

at 12 keV, with the first-order
coherent mode in a ptychographic reconstruction showing a probe size
of 16 nm FWHM. These optics were fabricated using a combination of
metal-assisted chemical etching and atomic layer deposition for the
diffracting structures, and silicon wafer back-thinning to produce
optics useful for real applications. This approach should enable new
higher resolution views of thick materials, especially when energy
tunability is required.
Time-to-Target Simplifies Optimal Control of Visuomotor Feedback Responses
Authors: Česonis Justinas , Franklin David W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVisuomotor feedback responses vary in intensity throughout a reach, commonly explained by optimal control. Here, we show that the optimal control for a range of movements with the same goal can be simplified to a time-to-target dependent control scheme. We measure our human participants’ visuomotor responses in five reaching conditions, each with different hand or cursor kinematics. Participants only produced different feedback responses when these kinematic changes resulted in different times-to-target. We complement our experimental data with a range of finite and non-finite horizon optimal feedback control (OFC) models, finding that the model with time-to-target as one of the input parameters best replicates the experimental data. Overall, this suggests that time-to-target is a critical control parameter in online feedback control. Moreover, we propose that for a specific task and known dynamics, humans can instantly produce a control signal without any additional online computation allowing rapid response onset and close to optimal control.
Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses of Developing Melanocortin Neurons Reveal New Regulators for the Anorexigenic Neuron Identity
Authors: Chen Xiameng , Wyler Steven C. , Li Li , Arnold Amanda G. , Wan Rong , Jia Lin , Landy Mark A. , Lai Helen C. , Xu Pin , Liu Chen 
Published: March 2020

Despite their opposing actions on food intake, POMC and NPY/AgRP neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) are derived from the same progenitors that give rise to ARH neurons. However, the mechanism whereby common neuronal precursors subsequently adopt either the anorexigenic (POMC) or the orexigenic (NPY/AgRP) identity remains elusive. We hypothesize that POMC and NPY/AgRP cell fates are specified and maintained by distinct intrinsic factors. In search of them, we profiled the transcriptomes of developing POMC and NPY/AgRP neurons in mice. Moreover, cell-type-specific transcriptomic analyses revealed transcription regulators that are selectively enriched in either population, but whose developmental functions are unknown in these neurons. Among them, we found the expression of the PR domain-containing factor 12 (Prdm12) was enriched in POMC neurons but absent in NPY/AgRP neurons. To study the role ofPrdm12 in vivo,we developed and characterized a floxedPrdm12allele. Selective ablation ofPrdm12in embryonic POMC neurons led to significantly reducedPomcexpression as well as early-onset obesity in mice of either sex that recapitulates symptoms of human POMC deficiency. Interestingly, however, specific deletion ofPrdm12in adult POMC neurons showed that it is no longer required forPomcexpression or energy balance. Collectively, these findings establish a critical role forPrdm12in the anorexigenic neuron identity and suggest that it acts developmentally to program body weight homeostasis. Finally, the combination of cell-type-specific genomic and genetic analyses provides a means to dissect cellular and functional diversity in the hypothalamus whose neurodevelopment remains poorly studied.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPOMC and NPY/AgRP neurons are derived from the same hypothalamic progenitors but have opposing effects on food intake. We profiled the transcriptomes of genetically labeled POMC and NPY/AgRP neurons in the developing mouse hypothalamus to decipher the transcriptional codes behind the versus orexigenic neuron identity. Our analyses revealed 29 transcription regulators that are selectively enriched in one of the two populations. We generated new mouse genetic models to selective ablate one of POMC-neuron enriched transcription factorsPrdm12in developing and adult POMC neurons. Our studies establish a previously unrecognized role forPrdm12in the anorexigenic neuron identity and suggest that it acts developmentally to program body weight homeostasis.
Cardiovascular prognostic value of echocardiography and N terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide in type 1 diabetes: the Thousand & 1 Study
Authors: Rørth Rasmus , Jørgensen Peter Godsk , Andersen Henrik Ullits , Christoffersen Christina , Gøtze Jens Peter , Køber Lars , Rossing Peter , Jensen Magnus Thorsten 
Published: March 2020

Aims
Patients with type 1 diabetes have a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Yet, the importance of routine assessment of myocardial function in patients with type 1 diabetes is not known. Thus, we examined the prognostic importance of NT-proBNP and E/e′, an echocardiographic measure of diastolic function, in type 1 diabetes patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and without known heart disease.

Methods and results
Type 1 diabetes patients without known heart disease and LVEF ≥45% enrolled in the Thousand and 1 study were included and followed through nationwide registries. The risk of major cardiovascular events (MACE) and death associated with levels of NT-proBNP and E/e′ was examined. Of 960 patients, median follow-up of 6.3 years (Q1–Q3: 5.7–7.0), 121 (12%) experienced MACE and 51 (5%) died. Increased levels of both NT-proBNP and E/e′ were associated with worse outcomes (adjusted hazard ratios for MACE = 1.56 (1.23–1.98) and 4.29 (2.25–8.16) per Loge increase for NT-proBNP and E/e′, respectively). NT-proBNP and E/e′ combined significantly improved the discrimination power of the Steno T1D risk engine (MACE, C-index: 0.813 (0.779–0.847) vs 0.779 (0.742–0.816); P = 0.0001; All-cause mortality, C-index 0.855 (0.806–0.903) vs 0.828 (0.776–0.880); P = 0.03).

Conclusion
In patients with type 1 diabetes, preserved ejection fraction, and no known heart disease, NT-proBNP and E/e′ were associated with increased risk of MACE and all-cause mortality. The risks associated with NT-proBNP and E/e′ combined identified patients at remarkably high risk.
Space is the Place: Effects of Continuous Spatial Structure on Analysis of Population Genetic Data
Authors: Battey C J , Ralph Peter L , Kern Andrew D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Real geography is continuous, but standard models in population genetics are based on discrete, well-mixed populations. As a result, many methods of analyzing genetic data assume that samples are a random draw from a well-mixed population, but are applied to clustered samples from populations that are structured clinally over space. Here, we use simulations of populations living in continuous geography to study the impacts of dispersal and sampling strategy on population genetic summary statistics, demographic inference, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We find that most common summary statistics have distributions that differ substantially from those seen in well-mixed populations, especially when Wright’s neighborhood size is &lt; 100 and sampling is spatially clustered. “Stepping-stone” models reproduce some of these effects, but discretizing the landscape introduces artifacts that in some cases are exacerbated at higher resolutions. The combination of low dispersal and clustered sampling causes demographic inference from the site frequency spectrum to infer more turbulent demographic histories, but averaged results across multiple simulations revealed surprisingly little systematic bias. We also show that the combination of spatially autocorrelated environments and limited dispersal causes GWAS to identify spurious signals of genetic association with purely environmentally determined phenotypes, and that this bias is only partially corrected by regressing out principal components of ancestry. Last, we discuss the relevance of our simulation results for inference from genetic variation in real organisms.
Comparison of stress induced in mandible around an implant-supported overdenture with locator attachment and telescopic crowns – a finite element analysis
Authors: Abbasi Meer Rownaq Ali , Vinnakota Dileep Nag , Sankar V Vijaya , Kamatham Rekhalakshmi 
Published: March 2020

Introduction. One of the principle factors for the success of implant supported/retained overdentures (IOs) is the manner in which the stresses are transferred to the surrounding bone. Hence, the aim of the present study is to compare the stress induced in the mandible around IOs, using two different attachment systems, locator and telescopic.
Methods. 3D finite element models were prepared using Pro/ENGINEER or PTC Creo to simulate 4 clinical situations: IOs using two different attachment systems, locator and telescopic, with and without splinting. A vertical compressive load of 35N was directed toward the central fossa in the molar region of each overdenture. Non-linear static contact analysis was carried out to determine the stress distribution in various components of IOs. Then, the models were analyzed by a finite element program ABAQUS, and displayed using Von Mises stress patterns.
Results. The contact stress values developed on the implant and attachment components were lower with locator attachment, in both splinted and non-splinted models. On the other hand, the stress distribution to the cortical bone was more with non-splinted/splinted locator attachments (3.73/4.12 Mega Pascals) when compared to the non-splinted/splinted telescopic attachments (2.66/3.7 Mega Pascals). The stresses in all the components of overdenture were greater with the splinted model compared to non-splinted, in both the attachment systems.
Conclusion. The locator attachment might demonstrate superior clinical performance, as the stresses on implant and attachment components were less compared to telescopic. Non-splinted model showed better results in both the attachment types.
Trends in Pediatric Malpractice Claims 1987–2015: Results From the Periodic Survey of Fellows
Authors: Bondi Steven A. , Tang Suk-fong S. , Altman Robin L. , Fanaroff Jonathan M. , McDonnell William M. , Rusher John W. 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:
Pediatricians are less frequently sued than other physicians. When suits are successful, however, the average payout is higher. Little is known about changes in the risk of litigation over time. We sought to characterize malpractice lawsuit trends for pediatricians over time.

METHODS:
The Periodic Survey is a national random sample survey of American Academy of Pediatrics members. Seven surveys between 1987 and 2015 asked questions regarding malpractice (n = 5731). Bivariate and multivariable analyses examined trends and factors associated with risk and outcome of malpractice claims and lawsuits. Descriptive analyses examined potential change in indemnity amount over time.

RESULTS:
In 2015, 21% of pediatricians reported ever having been the subject of any claim or lawsuit, down from a peak of 33% in 1990. Report of successful outcomes in the most-recent suit trended upward between 1987 and 2015, greatest in 2015 at 58%. Median indemnity was unchanged, averaging $128 000 in 2018 dollars. In multivariate analysis, male sex, hospital-based subspecialty (neonatology, pediatric critical care, pediatric emergency medicine, and hospital medicine), longer career, and more work hours were associated with a greater risk of malpractice claim.

CONCLUSIONS:
From 1987 to 2015, the proportion of pediatricians sued has decreased and median indemnity has remained unchanged. Male pediatricians and hospital-based subspecialists were more likely to have been sued. Greater knowledge of the epidemiology of malpractice claims against pediatricians is valuable because it can impact practice arrangements, advise risk-management decisions, influence quality and safety projects, and provide data to guide advocacy for appropriate tort reform and future research.
SOME STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO ENGINEERING MECHANICS PROBLEMS
Authors: Duong Tham Hong 
Published: March 2020

This article deals with statistical techniques normally used in Engineering. Variables or parameters in models of Engineering Mechanics always face data: a) of materials (with technical specification); b) of analysing model using specific software; c) of measurement using variety of devices and approaches; and d) of the technology process of manufacture (outcome). An engineering object to be studied has k variables and each variable has m values or level of status, it will need mk cases to be solved. This has to conduct a very large number of test cases to be solved for target objective(s). A Taguchi Method will be applied for finding solution in which much less effort of computation is paid and other different conditions of noise could be taken into account. Besides, other statistical tools, ANOVA have also proved to be useful in quantifying uncertainties in engineering problems, both in aleatory (nature) and epistemic (knowledge and measurement) categories. A typical example of engineering problem is chosen to study using above-mentioned Taguchi method and statistical tools. This method is very useful for design of experiments, both in traditional laboratory and computer numerical modeling and it can used to optimize the set of input data for obtaining the best results of outcome product.
CONTROLLER DESIGN BASED ON A KINEMATIC ESTIMATOR FOR A 3RRR PLANAR PARALLEL ROBOT DRIVEN BY ELECTRIC MOTORS
Authors: Hoang Nguyen Quang 
Published: March 2020

The control of parallel robotic manipulator requires feedbacks of all the redundant coordinates and their derivatives. In practice, to have all feedback variables for the controller, a robot needs more sensors than its degree of freedom. These sensors measure not only the actuated joint variables, but also the auxiliary variables, position and velocity of the moving platform. In this paper, a novel method is introduced to estimate dependently generalized coordinates and motion of the moving platform. A kinematic error feedback technique is exploited to ensure the estimated motion converge to the actual motion of the robot.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF FERMENTATION OF THE MUST FROM WHITE GRAPE VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ODESSA REGION
Authors: Kananykhina O. , Tkachenko O. , Suhachenko T. , Titlova O. 
Published: March 2020

One of the most important problems of the modern wine technology is the production of high quality and competitive products. It is commonly known that the quality of a wine largely depends on the yeast race. The main requirement for yeast is completeness of fermentation, which depends on the amount of yeast involved, aeration, initial content of various substances in the must, temperature, pH of the environment. Using imported materials in the specific conditions of national winemaking requires laboratory and industrial research to rationalize the use of local and foreign pure yeast cultures and to accelerate the process of grape must fermentation. So, this study considers how the yeast origin and additional nutrition effect on grape must fermentation and influence the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of wine materials obtained from the white grape varieties Aromatny and Zagrei of the generative breeding by the National Scientific Centre Tairov Viticulture and Winemaking Institute. Besides, it has been concluded whether using additional nutrition is practical. It has been established that the fermentation process was complete in both the control and the experimental samples. There were no facts of underfermentation. When supplementary nitrogenous nutrition was used, the fermentation activity of yeast increased and the fermentation process ended faster. The dynamics of the total number of cells of the Aromatic and Zagrei varieties was the same during the years 2015–2017 and did not depend on the fermentation scheme. It has been found that the fermentation process does not depend on supplementary nutrition, but the yeast race effects on the physicochemical parameters, namely on the volatile acids content. The results obtained have shown the effect of a yeast race and supplementary nutrition on the organoleptic characteristics of these varieties. In Southern Ukraine, to control the quality characteristics of wine materials, using active dry yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a two-stage nutrition complex has a positive effect on the physicochemical parameters of the corresponding grape variety and allows revealing its varietal characteristics.
Implementation of the Algorithm for Corrective and Preventive Measures in the Process of Adaptive Physical Education of Pupils with Special Needs
Authors: Savliuk Svitlana , Kashuba Vitalii , Romanova Victoria , Afanasiev Sergiy , Goncharova Nataliia , Grygus Igor , Gotowski Rafal , Vypasniak Ihor , Panchuk Andrii 
Published: March 2020

Purpose. The research has developed and substantiated the algorithm for implementation of corrective and preventive measures in the process of adaptive physical education of pupils with special needs (visually impaired children with postural disorders).
Materials and methods. Twenty-eight ten-year-old visually impaired children with postural impairments (scoliotic posture or round back) participated in the experiment. Theoretical analysis, synthesis and generalization of scientific literature, Internet resources, pedagogical experiment, visual posture screening (Bibyk, Kashuba, Nosova, 2012), photography, testing, methods of mathematical statistics.
Results. The developed algorithm of corrective and preventive measures corresponds to the aim, objectives, conditions, principles, forms, didactics, control measurements, and criteria of effectiveness. During the implementation of the algorithm for corrective and preventive measures in the process of adaptive physical education of visually impaired children with postural disorders in the experimental group, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement of the indicators of the posture bio-geometric profile and physical characteristics: strength endurance at significance level p < 0.05 and vertical body strength at significance level p < 0.05 and p < 0.01.
Conclusions. The results of the researches have confirmed the effectiveness of the developed algorithm for corrective and preventive measures, namely: improvement of the posture bio-geometric profile and increase in the level of physical qualities of visually impaired children with postural disorders. Quantitative changes at the level of p <0.05 and p <0.01 of the studied indicators, harmonious development of the individuals, and successful social adaptation in communication with healthy peers prove the effectiveness of the algorithm. At the end of the transformation experiment, based on the assessment of the posture bio-geometric profile, it was determined that ten-year-old visually impaired children with a scoliotic posture or round back improved their indicators from below-average to above-average level; strength endurance indicators from basic to intermediate and sufficient level of motor readiness; static equilibrium indicators from basic and low to medium and above-average level.