bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between common early-childhood infection and subsequent depressive symptoms and psychotic experiences in adolescence: a population-based longitudinal birth cohort study
Authors: Chaplin Anna B. , Jones Peter B. , Khandaker Golam M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildhood infections are associated with adult psychosis and depression, but studies of psychotic experiences (PEs) and depressive symptoms in childhood, adolescence, and early-adulthood are scarce. Previous studies have typically examined severe infections, but studies of common infections are also scarce.MethodsUsing data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort, we examined associations of the number of infections in childhood from age 1.5 to 7.5 years with depressive symptom scores at age 10, 13, 14, 17, 18, and 19 years, and with PEs at 12 and 18 years. We performed additional analysis using infection burden (‘low’ = 0–4 infections, ‘medium’ = 5–6, ‘high’ = 7–9, or ‘very high’ = 10–22 infections) as the exposure.ResultsThe risk set comprised 11 786 individuals with childhood infection data. Number of childhood infections was associated with depressive symptoms from age 10 (adjusted beta = 0.14; standard error (s.e.) = 0.04; p = <0.01) to 17 years (adjusted beta = 0.17; s.e. = 0.08; p = 0.04), and with PEs at age 12 (suspected/definite PEs: adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–1.27). These effect sizes were larger when the exposure was defined as very high infection burden (depressive symptoms age 17: adjusted beta = 0.79; s.e. = 0.29; p = 0.01; suspected/definite PEs at age 12: adjusted OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.25–2.05). Childhood infections were not associated with depressive/psychotic outcomes at age 18 or 19.ConclusionsCommon early-childhood infections are associated with depressive symptoms up to mid-adolescence and with PEs subsequently in childhood, but not with these outcomes in early-adulthood. These findings require replication including larger samples with outcomes in adulthood.
Psychotic disorders in young adults with perinatally acquired HIV: a UK case series
Authors: Mallik I. , Pasvol T. , Frize G. , Ayres S. , Barrera A. , Fidler S. , Foster C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing numbers of children with perinatally acquired HIV (PaHIV) are transitioning into adult care. People living with behaviourally acquired HIV are known to be at more risk of psychosis than uninfected peers. Young adults living with PaHIV face numerous risk factors; biological: lifelong exposure to a neurotrophic virus, antiretroviral medication and immune dysfunction during brain development, and environmental; social deprivation, ethnicity-related discrimination, and migration-related issues. To date, there is little published data on the prevalence of psychotic illness in young people growing up with PaHIV.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case note review of all individuals with PaHIV aged over 18 years registered for follow up at a dedicated clinic in the UK (n = 184).ResultsIn total, 12/184 (6.5%), median age 23 years (interquartile range 21–26), had experienced at least one psychotic episode. The presentation and course of the psychotic episodes experienced by our cohort varied from short-lived symptoms to long term illness and nine (75%) appear to have developed a severe and enduring mental illness requiring long term care.ConclusionThe prevalence of psychosis in our cohort was clearly above the lifetime prevalence of psychosis in UK individuals aged 16–34 years, which has been reported to be 0.5–1.0%. This highlights the importance of clinical vigilance regarding the mental health of young people growing up with PaHIV and the need to integrate direct access to mental health services within the HIV centres providing medical care.
THE GROWTH OF THE SOYBEAN FRONTIER IN SOUTH AMERICA: THE CASE OF BRAZIL AND ARGENTINA
Authors: Klein Herbert S. , Vidal Luna Francisco 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTIn the past 50 years, South America has emerged as the dominant world producer of soybeans, a crop of no significance in the region before the middle of the 20th century. As of the crop year 2019/2020, Brazil and Argentina produced 176 million tons which is over half of all world production and these two countries alone will also account for 57 per cent of all Soybeans exported in international trade. How this new agricultural product evolved in these two principal regional producers is the aim of this study. Here we attempt to examine the historical evolution of soybean production in Brazil and Argentina and try to show the unique patterns of production in each of the two crucial states.
Development and validation of a simple risk score for diagnosing COVID-19 in the emergency room
Authors: Sung Joowhan , Choudry Naveed , Bachour Rima 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to escalate and place pressure on hospital system resources, a proper screening and risk stratification score is essential. We aimed to develop a risk score to identify patients with increased risk of COVID-19, allowing proper identification and allocation of limited resources. A retrospective study was conducted of 338 patients who were admitted to the hospital from the emergency room to regular floors and tested for COVID-19 at an acute care hospital in the Metropolitan Washington D.C. area. The dataset was split into development and validation sets with a ratio of 6:4. Demographics, presenting symptoms, sick contact, triage vital signs, initial laboratory and chest X-ray results were analysed to develop a prediction model for COVID-19 diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression was performed in a stepwise fashion to develop a prediction model, and a scoring system was created based on the coefficients of the final model. Among 338 patients admitted to the hospital from the emergency room, 136 (40.2%) patients tested positive for COVID-19 and 202 (59.8%) patients tested negative. Sick contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 case (3 points), nursing facility residence (3 points), constitutional symptom (1 point), respiratory symptom (1 point), gastrointestinal symptom (1 point), obesity (1 point), hypoxia at triage (1 point) and leucocytosis (−1 point) were included in the prediction score. A risk score for COVID-19 diagnosis achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–0.92) in the development dataset and 0.85 (95% CI 0.78–0.92) in the validation dataset. A risk prediction score for COVID-19 can be used as a supplemental tool to assist clinical decision to triage, test and quarantine patients admitted to the hospital from the emergency room.
Effectiveness of lopinavir/ritonavir on COVID-19-related pneumonia in a child with COVID-19-associated Kawasaki disease
Authors: Orbak Zerrin , Laloglu Fuat , Akat Hulya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe large outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading all over the world rapidly. There have recently been publications in the literature regarding the relationship between COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease, but there is no sufficient knowledge about the treatment and follow-up.
Alcohol consumption and sleep quality: a community-based study
Authors: Zheng Dandan , Yuan Xiaodong , Ma Chaoran , Liu Ying , VanEvery Hannah , Sun Yujie , Wu Shouling , Gao Xiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:To assess the association between total alcohol intake, specific alcoholic beverages and sleep quality in a community-based cohort.Design:A cross-sectional study.Setting:The Kailuan community, China.Participants:Included were 11 905 participants who were free of a history of CVD, cancer, Parkinson’s disease, dementia and head injury in or prior to 2012. Alcohol consumption (amount and frequency intake) and alcoholic beverage type were collected in 2006 (baseline) and 2012. Participants were grouped into non-, light- (women: 0–0·4 serving/d; men: 0–0·9 serving/d), moderate- (women: 0·5–1·0 serving/d; men: 1·0–2·0 servings/d) and heavy- (women: >1·0 servings/d; men: >2·0 servings/d) drinkers. Overall sleep quality was measured in 2012 and included four sleep parameters (insomnia, daytime sleepiness, sleep duration, snoring/obstructive sleep apnoea).Results:We observed a dose–response association between higher alcohol consumption in 2006 and worse sleep quality in 2012 (Ptrend < 0·001), after adjusting for age, sex, socio-economic status, smoking status, physical activity, obesity, plasma lipid profiles, diabetes and hypertension. A similar association was observed when alcohol consumption in 2012 was used as exposure. Alcohol was associated with higher odds of having short sleep duration (adjusted OR for heavy- v. non-drinkers = 1·31; 95 % CI: 1·09, 1·57) and snoring (adjusted OR for heavy- v. non-drinkers: 1·38; 95 % CI: 1·22, 1·57). Consumption of hard liquor, but not beer or wine, was significantly associated with poor sleep quality.Conclusions:Higher alcohol consumption was associated with poorer sleep quality and higher odds of having snoring and short sleep duration.
Atlantic Deep Water Formation Occurs Primarily in the Iceland Basin and Irminger Sea by Local Buoyancy Forcing
Authors: Petit Tillys , Lozier M. Susan , Josey Simon A. , Cunningham Stuart A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), a key mechanism in the climate system, delivers warm and salty waters from the subtropical gyre to the subpolar gyre and Nordic Seas, where they are transformed into denser waters flowing southward in the lower AMOC limb. The prevailing hypothesis is that dense waters formed in the Labrador and Nordic Seas are the sources for the AMOC lower limb. However, recent observations reveal that convection in the Labrador Sea contributes minimally to the total overturning of the subpolar gyre. In this study, we show that the AMOC is instead primarily composed of waters formed in the Nordic Seas and Irminger and Iceland basins. A first direct estimate of heat and freshwater fluxes over these basins demonstrates that buoyancy forcing during the winter months can almost wholly account for the dense waters of the subpolar North Atlantic that are exported as part of the AMOC.
Pan‐Spectrum Fitting Formula for Suprathermal Particles
Authors: Liu Zixuan , Wang Linghua , Wimmer‐Schweingruber Robert F. , Krucker Säm , Mason Glenn M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe propose a pan‐spectrum fitting formula of suprathermal particles,
, where J is the particle flux (or intensity), E is the particle energy, A is the amplitude coefficient, E0 represents the spectral transition energy, α (>0) describes the sharpness and width of spectral transition around E0, and the power‐law index β1 (β2) gives the spectral shape before (after) the transition. This formula incorporates many commonly used spectrum functions as special cases. When α goes to infinity (zero), this spectral formulabecomes the classical double‐power‐law (logarithmic‐parabola) function. When both β2 and E0 approach infinity and α is equal to 1, this formula can be simplified to the Ellison‐Ramaty function. Under some other specific parameter conditions, this formula can be transformed to the Kappa or Maxwellian distribution. Considering the uncertainties in both particle intensity and energy, we improve the fitting method and fit this pan‐spectrum formula well to the representative energy spectra of various suprathermal particle phenomena including SEPs (electrons, protons, 3He, and heavier ions), ESPs, bow‐shocked electrons, solar wind suprathermal electrons, anomalous cosmic rays, and hard X‐rays. Therefore, this pan‐spectrum fitting formula would help us comparatively examine the properties of energy spectrum of different suprathermal particle phenomena typically with a single energy break.
Internal Tide Cycle and Topographic Scattering Over the North Mid‐Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Lahaye Noé , Gula Jonathan , Roullet Guillaume 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInternal tides are a predominant source of high‐frequency variability and diapycnal mixing in the ocean. Understanding their dynamics and lifecycle is necessary to better understand their role in the ocean circulation. In this study, we describe and quantify internal tide generation, propagation, and dissipation in a sector of the North Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, using high‐resolution numerical simulations with realistic bathymetry and stratification. We show that the generation and dissipation of internal tides, as well as the distribution of internal tides among vertical modes, exhibit high spatial variability. We find that topographic scattering leads to a significant transfer of energy toward high vertical modes and thereby enhances internal tide dissipation. On average, and especially on the ridge, this mechanism is dominant over the conversion from the barotropic tide for transferring energy to high (7) vertical modes. The magnitude of the scattering of the first baroclinic internal mode is found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Phase Characterization of Cold Sector Southern Ocean Cloud Tops: Results From SOCRATES
Authors: Zaremba Troy J. , Rauber Robert M. , McFarquhar Greg M. , Hayman Matthew , Finlon Joseph A. , Stechman Daniel M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor a given cloud, whether the cloud top is predominately made up of ice crystals or supercooled liquid droplets plays a large role in the clouds overall radiative effects. This study uses collocated airborne radar, lidar, and thermodynamic data from 12 high‐altitude flight legs during the Southern Ocean Clouds, Radiation, Aerosol Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES) to characterize Southern Ocean (SO) cold sector cloud top phase (i.e., within 96 m of top) as a function of cloud top temperature (CTT). A training data set was developed to create probabilistic phase classifications based on High Spectral Resolution Lidar data and Cloud Radar data. These classifications were then used to identify dominant cloud top phase. Case studies are presented illustrating examples of supercooled liquid water at cloud top at different CTT ranges over the SO (−3°C < CTTs < −28°C). During SOCRATES, 67.4% of sampled cloud top had CTTs less than 0°C. Of the subfreezing cloud tops sampled, 91.7% had supercooled liquid water present in the top 96 m and 74.9% were classified entirely as liquid‐bearing. Liquid‐bearing cloud tops were found at CTTs as cold as −30°C. Horizontal cloud extent was also determined as a function of median cloud top height.
Seasonal and Latitudinal Variations of Dayside N2/CO2 Ratio in the Martian Thermosphere Derived From MAVEN IUVS Observations
Authors: Yoshida N. , Nakagawa H. , Terada N. , Evans J. S. , Schneider N. M. , Jain S. K. , Imamura T. , Chaufray J.‐Y. , Fujiwara H. , Deighan J. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe dayside N2/CO2 at 140 km altitude in the Martian thermosphere has been investigated by the imaging ultraviolet spectrograph (IUVS) aboard the Mars atmosphere and volatile evolution spacecraft during the period from October 2014 to May 2018. We find that N2/CO2 at 140 km altitude varies significantly in the range of 0.02–0.20 and shows a seasonal sinusoidal trend. The higher value appears during aphelion and the lower value during perihelion. Variations of observed N2/CO2 ratio at 140 km are mainly associated with CO2 number density. Thus, while we found that N2/CO2 varies at a given altitude, we could not identify variations at a given pressure level. In order to reveal the drivers of N2/CO2 variations at 140 km, we examine the effects of surface N2/CO2, thermospheric temperature, and homopause altitude. The variations of homopause altitude could be the dominant driver of changes in N2/CO2. Inferred dayside homopause altitudes derived from IUVS observations show an anti‐correlation with the trend of N2/CO2 at 140 km. Distributions of CO2 density at the inferred homopause altitudes suggest that dayside homopause altitude is mainly controlled by inflation and contraction of the lower atmosphere. Additionally, N2/CO2 shows a clear latitudinal dependence for Ls = 80°–100°. Higher N2/CO2 values appear in the southern winter hemisphere, corresponding to lower homopause altitude by ∼30 km. Meanwhile, the latitudinal dependence of both N2/CO2 and homopause altitude disappears for Ls = 340°–360°.
Polysubstance use in the U.S. opioid crisis
Authors: Compton Wilson M. , Valentino Rita J. , DuPont Robert L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInterventions to address the U.S. opioid crisis primarily target opioid use, misuse, and addiction, but because the opioid crisis includes multiple substances, the opioid specificity of interventions may limit their ability to address the broader problem of polysubstance use. Overlap of opioids with other substances ranges from shifts among the substances used across the lifespan to simultaneous co-use of substances that span similar and disparate pharmacological categories. Evidence suggests that nonmedical opioid users quite commonly use other drugs, and this polysubstance use contributes to increasing morbidity and mortality. Reasons for adding other substances to opioids include enhancement of the high (additive or synergistic reward), compensation for undesired effects of one drug by taking another, compensation for negative internal states, or a common predisposition that is related to all substance consumption. But consumption of multiple substances may itself have unique effects. To achieve the maximum benefit, addressing the overlap of opioids with multiple other substances is needed across the spectrum of prevention and treatment interventions, overdose reversal, public health surveillance, and research. By addressing the multiple patterns of consumption and the reasons that people mix opioids with other substances, interventions and research may be enhanced.
Native mass spectrometry reveals the initial binding events of HIV-1 rev to RRE stem II RNA
Authors: Schneeberger Eva-Maria , Halper Matthias , Palasser Michael , Heel Sarah Viola , Vušurović Jovana , Plangger Raphael , Juen Michael , Kreutz Christoph , Breuker Kathrin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNuclear export complexes composed of rev response element (RRE) ribonucleic acid (RNA) and multiple molecules of rev protein are promising targets for the development of therapeutic strategies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but their assembly remains poorly understood. Using native mass spectrometry, we show here that rev initially binds to the upper stem of RRE IIB, from where it is relayed to binding sites that allow for rev dimerization. The newly discovered binding region implies initial rev recognition by nucleotides that are not part of the internal loop of RRE stem IIB RNA, which was previously identified as the preferred binding region. Our study highlights the unique capability of native mass spectrometry to separately study the binding interfaces of RNA/protein complexes of different stoichiometry, and provides a detailed understanding of the mechanism of RRE/rev association with implications for the rational design of potential drugs against HIV-1 infection.
Microbiota-directed fibre activates both targeted and secondary metabolic shifts in the distal gut
Authors: Michalak Leszek , Gaby John Christian , Lagos Leidy , La Rosa Sabina Leanti , Hvidsten Torgeir R. , Tétard-Jones Catherine , Willats William G. T. , Terrapon Nicolas , Lombard Vincent , Henrissat Bernard , Dröge Johannes , Arntzen Magnus Øverlie , Hagen Live Heldal , Øverland Margareth , Pope Phillip B. , Westereng Bjørge 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBeneficial modulation of the gut microbiome has high-impact implications not only in humans, but also in livestock that sustain our current societal needs. In this context, we have tailored an acetylated galactoglucomannan (AcGGM) fibre to match unique enzymatic capabilities of Roseburia and Faecalibacterium species, both renowned butyrate-producing gut commensals. Here, we test the accuracy of AcGGM within the complex endogenous gut microbiome of pigs, wherein we resolve 355 metagenome-assembled genomes together with quantitative metaproteomes. In AcGGM-fed pigs, both target populations differentially express AcGGM-specific polysaccharide utilization loci, including novel, mannan-specific esterases that are critical to its deconstruction. However, AcGGM-inclusion also manifests a “butterfly effect”, whereby numerous metabolic changes and interdependent cross-feeding pathways occur in neighboring non-mannanolytic populations that produce short-chain fatty acids. Our findings show how intricate structural features and acetylation patterns of dietary fibre can be customized to specific bacterial populations, with potential to create greater modulatory effects at large.
Autozygosity influences cardiometabolic disease-associated traits in the AWI-Gen sub-Saharan African study
Authors: Ceballos Francisco C. , Hazelhurst Scott , Clark David W. , Agongo Godfred , Asiki Gershim , Boua Palwende R. , Xavier Gómez-Olivé F. , Mashinya Felistas , Norris Shane , Wilson James F. , Ramsay Michèle 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe analysis of the effects of autozygosity, measured as the change of the mean value of a trait among offspring of genetic relatives, reveals the existence of directional dominance or overdominance. In this study we detect evidence of the effect of autozygosity in 4 out of 13 cardiometabolic disease-associated traits using data from more than 10,000 sub-Saharan African individuals recruited from Ghana, Burkina Faso, Kenya and South Africa. The effect of autozygosity on these phenotypes is found to be sex-related, with inbreeding having a significant decreasing effect in men but a significant increasing effect in women for several traits (body mass index, subcutaneous adipose tissue, low-density lipoproteins and total cholesterol levels). Overall, the effect of inbreeding depression is more intense in men. Differential effects of inbreeding depression are also observed between study sites with different night-light intensity used as proxy for urban development. These results suggest a directional dominant genetic component mediated by environmental interactions and sex-specific differences in genetic architecture for these traits in the Africa Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic Studies (AWI-Gen) cohort.
A translational program that suppresses metabolism to shield the genome
Authors: Balukoff Nathan C. , Ho J. J. David , Theodoridis Phaedra R. , Wang Miling , Bokros Michael , Llanio Lis M. , Krieger Jonathan R. , Schatz Jonathan H. , Lee Stephen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTranslatome reprogramming is a primary determinant of protein levels during stimuli adaptation. This raises the question: what are the translatome remodelers that reprogram protein output to activate biochemical adaptations. Here, we identify a translational pathway that represses metabolism to safeguard genome integrity. A system-wide MATRIX survey identified the ancient eIF5A as a pH-regulated translation factor that responds to fermentation-induced acidosis. TMT-pulse-SILAC analysis identified several pH-dependent proteins, including the mTORC1 suppressor Tsc2 and the longevity regulator Sirt1. Sirt1 operates as a pH-sensor that deacetylates nuclear eIF5A during anaerobiosis, enabling the cytoplasmic export of eIF5A/Tsc2 mRNA complexes for translational engagement. Tsc2 induction inhibits mTORC1 to suppress cellular metabolism and prevent acidosis-induced DNA damage. Depletion of eIF5A or Tsc2 leads to metabolic re-initiation and proliferation, but at the expense of incurring substantial DNA damage. We suggest that eIF5A operates as a translatome remodeler that suppresses metabolism to shield the genome.