bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbleib der Absolventinnen und Absolventen der Modellstudiengänge in den
Gesundheitsfachberufen in Nordrhein-Westfalen: Ergebnisse zu Beschäftigungsmerkmalen
und Kompetenzen in der Berufspraxis
Authors: Dieterich Sven , Grebe Christian , Bräutigam Christoph , Hoßfeld Rüdiger , Latteck Änne-Dörte , Helmbold Anke , Heim Stefan , Bonato Marcellus , Schlarmann Jörg große , Adam-Paffrath Renate , Sommer Sascha , Oetken Elke , Jacobs Nina , Mijatovic Anke 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Ziel des Artikels ist es, zentrale Ergebnisse aus der landesweiten Studie zum
Verbleib der Absolventen aus den 12 Modellstudiengängen in den Gesundheitsfachberufen
in Nordrhein-Westfalen zu referieren. Untersuchungsziel der Studie ist es, den beruflichen
Verbleib nach dem Abschluss eines berufsqualifizierenden Modellstudiums zu beschreiben und
Merkmale sowie Rahmenbedingungen der beruflichen Situation darzustellen. Im Mittelpunkt des
Artikels stehen Erkenntnisse zu den Merkmalen der Haupterwerbstätigkeit der Absolventen
und zur Anwendung der im Studium vermittelten Kompetenzen im Berufsalltag.
Methodik Insgesamt 515 Absolventen aus den Modellstudiengängen Pflege
(N=244), Physiotherapie (N=97), Logopädie (N=95), Ergotherapie
(N=47) und Hebammenkunde (N=32) haben sich im Frühsommer 2018 an einer
Online-Querschnitt-Befragung beteiligt. In die Befragung eingeschlossen waren alle
Abschlussjahrgänge zwischen Wintersemester 2013/2014 und Sommersemester 2017.
Ergänzend wurden Arbeitgeber (N=109) befragt, die Absolventen aus den genannten
Studiengängen eingestellt haben.
Ergebnisse Die Absolventen sind v. a. im Krankenhaus und in ambulanten
Therapiepraxen tätig. Acht von 10 Absolventen (84%) erbringen vornehmlich
klientennahe Aufgaben. 71% dieser klientennah arbeitenden Absolventen erbringen im
Vergleich zu fachschulisch ausgebildeten Personen ergänzend besondere Aufgaben. Die
Absolventen schätzen sich in allen untersuchten Kompetenzdimensionen durchschnittlich
als handlungssicher ein. Die Arbeitgeber nehmen in allen Kompetenzdimensionen bei den
Absolventen einen „Kompetenzvorsprung“ im Vergleich zu fachschulisch
Ausgebildeten wahr.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Resultate der Verbleibstudie unterstützen die Empfehlung,
die Studiengänge aller untersuchten Gesundheitsfachberufe berufsgesetzlich zu verankern
und ihren Regelbetrieb an den Hochschulen einzuführen.
Recent Advances in Cycloaddition Reactions with Alkynes to Construct Heterocycles
Authors: Li Jin-Heng , An De-Lie , Qin Jing-Hao 
Published: October 2020

Heterocyclic compounds, especially N-heterocycles and O-heterocycles, are prominent structural motifs present in numerous natural products and medically and/or economically important compounds. This review aims to describe the development of transition-metal-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions of functionalized m-atom partners with alkynes to access a wide range of five-, six-, and seven-membered heterocycles, that is functionalized N-heterocycles and O-heterocycles such as azepines, isoquinolines, isocoumarins, spiroheterocycles, indoles, furans, and pyrroles, in a selectively controlled manner with an emphasis on scope and limitations and with a discussion of the mechanisms.1	Introduction2	Intermolecular Cycloaddition To Construct Azepine Derivatives2.1	[5+2] Cycloaddition2.2	[3+2+2] Cycloaddition2.3	[3+2]/[5+2] Cycloaddition3	Intermolecular [4+2] Cycloaddition To Construct Isoquinolines or Isocoumarins4	Intermolecular [3+2] Cycloaddition To Construct Spirohetero­cyclic Compounds, Indoles, Furans, and Pyrroles5	Summary and Outlook
Improving Management of Infantile Spasms by Adopting Implementation Science
Authors: Samanta Debopam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOver the last several decades, significant progress has been made in the discovery of appropriate therapy in the management of infantile spasms (IS). Based on several well-controlled studies, the American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society have published the current best practice parameters for the treatment of IS. However, dissemination and implementation of evidence-based guidelines remain a significant challenge. Though the number of well-performed controlled trials and systematic reviews is increasing exponentially, the proportion of valuable new information subsequently embedding into the routine clinical care is significantly lower. Planned and systematic implementation of evidence-based interventions in a given health care structure may outstrip the benefits of discovering a new insight, procedure, or drug in another controlled setting. Implementation problems can be broad-ranging to hinder effective, efficient, safe, timely, and patient-centered care without significant variation. The first part of this review article provides a detailed summary of some crucial comparative treatment studies of IS available in the literature. In the second part, practical challenges to mitigate the gap between knowledge and practice to improve outcomes in the management of IS has been explored, and a consolidated framework approach for systematic implementation research methodology has been discussed to implement evidence-based guidelines for the management of IS. Although large multicenter controlled studies will help gather quality evidence in the treatment of IS, a more comprehensive range of scientific methodologies, including qualitative research and mixed research methodologies, will hold the more considerable promise for implementing evidence-based practices in the health care system.
Access to molecular complexity. Multicomponent reactions involving five or more components
Authors: Nenajdenko Valentin G. 
Published: October 2020

The evaluation of the significance of a chemical transformation addresses many factors, including such important characteristics as the number of chemical bonds formed in one step, the reaction time, labour intensity, the cost of reactants and catalysts and so on. The amount of waste produced in the reaction has also gained increasing importance in recent years. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) occupy a special place as a synthetic tool in modern organic chemistry. These reactions allow the synthesis of target products with complex structures, minimizing labour costs. This review summarizes the literature on multicomponent reactions involving five or more components. The data in the review are classified according to the number of reactants participating in the reaction and the types of reactions. It is worth noting that in some cases, these transformations can be a part of a domino process, making this classification difficult, if not impossible. The structural diversity of the reaction products greatly increases with increasing number of components involved in the MCR, which becomes virtually unlimited when using combinations of MCRs. This review highlights the main trends of past decades in the field of MCRs. The last two decades have witnessed an explosive growth in the number of publications in this area of chemistry.
The bibliography includes 309 references.
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus replication in primary human cells reveals potential susceptibility to infection
Authors: Edwards Caitlin E. , Yount Boyd L. , Graham Rachel L. , Leist Sarah R. , Hou Yixuan J. , Dinnon Kenneth H. , Sims Amy C. , Swanstrom Jesica , Gully Kendra , Scobey Trevor D. , Cooley Michelle R. , Currie Caroline G. , Randell Scott H. , Baric Ralph S. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
The emergence of new human and animal coronaviruses demand novel strategies that characterize the threat potential of newly discovered zoonotic strains. We synthetically recovered recombinant wild-type and derivative swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronaviruses (SADS-CoVs) that express indicator genes and characterized their growth, macromolecular biosynthesis, and replication efficiency in a variety of mammalian cell lines, including primary human cells. The data demonstrate that SADS-CoV has a broad host range and has inherent potential to disseminate between animal and human hosts, perhaps using swine as an intermediate species.
Rhodopsin-mediated light-off-induced protein kinase A activation in mouse rod photoreceptor cells
Authors: Sato Shinya , Yamashita Takahiro , Matsuda Michiyuki 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Rod photoreceptor cells mediate scotopic vision using rhodopsin and its downstream signal transduction cascade to degrade guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). However, less is known about another rod photoresponse: dopamine-mediated cAMP degradation, which contributes to the visual desensitization. Here, we show the fine time course of rod cAMP regulation using a two-photon microscope and fluorescent protein probe for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Unexpectedly, the light-induced PKA suppression was followed by robust PKA activation upon light off. Our data strongly suggest the involvement of rhodopsin in this activation and, thus, the presence of its alternative output toward cAMP. The light-off-induced PKA activation might contribute to an efficient dark adaptation after the transition from light to dark environment.
Motile ghosts of the halophilic archaeon,
Haloferax volcanii
Authors: Kinosita Yoshiaki , Mikami Nagisa , Li Zhengqun , Braun Frank , Quax Tessa E. F. , van der Does Chris , Ishmukhametov Robert , Albers Sonja-Verena , Berry Richard M. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Molecular motors are natural molecular machines that convert chemical energy to directional mechanical motion (e.g., ATP [adenosine-5′-triphosphate]-driven linear motors myosin, kinesin, and dynein in Eukaryotes; the ion-coupled rotary bacterial flagellar motor in Bacteria). Reconstituted systems such as in vitro motility assays are powerful tools for understanding the mechanisms of these motors. In this study, we established a membrane-permeabilized ghost system that controls the ATP-driven archaellar rotary motor in halophilic archaea. With this assay, we demonstrated high nucleotide selectivity and negative binding cooperativity and measured the energetic requirements for rotation. Our ghost model is also a platform for further studies of the archaellum. More generally, it is also a powerful tool for the investigation of other intracellular molecular functions in archaea.
Dissecting landscape art history with information theory
Authors: Lee Byunghwee , Seo Min Kyung , Kim Daniel , Shin In-seob , Schich Maximilian , Jeong Hawoong , Han Seung Kee 
Published: October 2020

Significance
A foundational question in art and aesthetics is if there are culturally and temporally transcendent characteristics in the organizing principles within art and if yes, how these principles evolve over time. We propose a simple yet coherent information-theoretic framework that captures compositional proportion as used for dissecting landscape paintings by artists. The analysis of 14,912 landscape paintings representing the canonical historiography of Western art uncovers that the preferred compositional proportion within the historiography of landscape paintings systematically evolves over time. The network analysis of similarity distributions reveals clear clustering structures of individual artist’s artworks, absolute time periods, and conventional style periods, suggesting meaningful supergroups of art historical concepts, which remained so far nonintuitive to a broader audience.
Sociopolitical stress and acute cardiovascular disease hospitalizations around the 2016 presidential election
Authors: Mefford Matthew T. , Mittleman Murray A. , Li Bonnie H. , Qian Lei X. , Reynolds Kristi , Zhou Hui , Harrison Teresa N. , Geller Alan C. , Sidney Stephen , Sloan Richard P. , Mostofsky Elizabeth , Williams David R. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Previous studies have shown a transiently higher risk of acute cardiovascular disease (CVD) events within minutes to hours after behavioral, psychosocial, and environmental triggers. Research is limited examining acute CVD surrounding sociopolitical events. We compared hospitalization rates for acute CVD before and immediately after the date of the 2016 presidential election among patients in an integrated healthcare delivery system. The rate of CVD hospitalizations in the 2 d after the 2016 presidential election was 1.62 times higher compared to the rate in the same 2 d the week prior. Transiently heightened cardiovascular risk around the 2016 election may be attributable to sociopolitical stress. Further research is needed to understand the intersection between major sociopolitical events, perceived stress, and acute CVD.
Repurposing a peptide toxin from wasp venom into antiinfectives with dual antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties
Authors: Silva Osmar N. , Torres Marcelo D. T. , Cao Jicong , Alves Eliane S. F. , Rodrigues Leticia V. , Resende Jarbas M. , Lião Luciano M. , Porto William F. , Fensterseifer Isabel C. M. , Lu Timothy K. , Franco Octavio L. , de la Fuente-Nunez Cesar 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Novel antibiotics are urgently needed to treat the ever-increasing number of drug-resistant infections. Venoms constitute a treasure trove of novel potential medicines. Here, we converted a peptide derived from venom into potent antimicrobials capable of resolving otherwise lethal infections in mice. We demonstrate that the peptide acts directly on bacteria by targeting their membrane, while also modulating the host immune response and dampening unwanted inflammation. Venom-derived molecules such as the ones described here represent an exciting new source of antibiotics.
The earliest-known mammaliaform fossil from Greenland sheds light on origin of mammals
Authors: Sulej Tomasz , Krzesiński Grzegorz , Tałanda Mateusz , Wolniewicz Andrzej S. , Błażejowski Błażej , Bonde Niels , Gutowski Piotr , Sienkiewicz Maksymilian , Niedźwiedzki Grzegorz 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Mammals underwent an adaptive radiation shortly after the acquisition of several morphological characters in their dentition and jaw. Most of these innovations evolved to facilitate more efficient food processing. The double-rooted molariforms with a specialized crown are one such innovation, but their role in the early diversification of mammals has remained poorly understood. This study shows a comprehensive analysis of an early mammaliaform dentary, which combines data from comparative anatomy, CT scanning, and FEA. The new fossil fills an important gap in our understanding of mammaliaform evolution showing a transitional stage between triconodont-like molariform pattern of morganucodontids and multicusped pattern of haramiyidans. Moreover, this study demonstrates that double-rooted teeth are more resistant to bite-related stresses than single-rooted teeth.
One-dimensional spatial patterning along mitotic chromosomes: A mechanical basis for macroscopic morphogenesis
Authors: Chu Lingluo , Liang Zhangyi , Mukhina Maria V. , Fisher Jay K. , Hutchinson John W. , Kleckner Nancy E. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Spatial patterns are a prominent and interesting feature of both biological and physical systems. We have discovered that mammalian mitotic chromosomes, which comprise two closely associated sister chromatids, exhibit two interesting spatial patterns. In one pattern, the structural axis of each chromatid acquires sequential partial helices of alternating handedness. In the other, an array of evenly spaced bridges links these two axes. Development of any spatial pattern requires communication within the system. We present a constellation of observations suggesting that these patterns are related and are promoted by a mechanical mechanism in which the communication required for development of patterns arises from redistribution of mechanical stress. Models involving bonded chromatin/axis bilayers and Kirchhoff–Love theory for elastic rods are discussed.
Phylogenetic escape from pests reduces pesticides on some crop plants
Authors: Pearse Ian S. , Rosenheim Jay A. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Pesticides are a ubiquitous component of conventional crop production but come with considerable economic and ecological costs. Phylogenetic escape and crop value determine pesticide use against herbivores and pathogens among diverse crops. Phylogenetic escape from arthropod and pathogen pests results in lower pesticides, suggesting that the introduced status of some crops can be leveraged to reduce pesticides.
Signatures of avoided energy-level crossings in entanglement indicators obtained from quantum tomograms
Authors: Sharmila B , Lakshmibala S , Balakrishnan V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Extensive theoretical and experimental investigations on multipartite systems close to an avoided energy-level crossing reveal interesting features such as the extremisation of entanglement. Conventionally, the estimation of entanglement directly from experimental observation involves either one of two approaches: uncertainty-relation-based estimation that captures the linear correlation between relevant observables, or rigorous but error-prone quantum state reconstruction on tomograms obtained from homodyne measurements. We investigate the behaviour, close to avoided crossings, of entanglement indicators that can be calculated directly from a numerically-generated tomogram. The systems we study are two generic bipartite continuous-variable systems: a Bose–Einstein condensate trapped in a double-well potential, and a multi-level atom interacting with a radiation field. We also consider a multipartite hybrid quantum system of superconducting qubits interacting with microwave photons. We carry out a quantitative comparison of the indicators with a standard measure of entanglement, the subsystem von Neumann entropy (SVNE). It is shown that the indicators that capture the nonlinear correlation between relevant subsystem observables are in excellent agreement with the SVNE.
Enhanced third-harmonic generation from layered graphene/insulator disks array
Authors: Liu Jian-Qiang , Fang Jiang-Nan , Wang Dian Yuan , Chen San , He Meng-Dong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The non-linear responses of optical materials offer useful mechanisms for optical switching, novel optical sources, and harmonic frequency conversion. However, the non-linear response of traditional materials is usually extremely weak and requires high input power for excitation. In this study, we theoretically propose a scheme for enhancing the third harmonic generation (THG) efficiency and output power of layered graphene disks array by introducing a plasmonic antibonding state with enhanced oscillation strength due to plasmonic coupling. We verify that, the THG efficiency of a double-layer stacked graphene/SiO2 disk structure under relatively low input intensity can be significantly enhanced more than one order of magnitude with appropriate design, as compared with monolayer patterned graphene nanostructure. We also demonstrate that the THG efficiency can be further improved by optimizing the geometry parameters such as spacer distance and Fermi energy. Our results offer an effective mechanism for significantly improving THG efficiency in the mid-infrared and terahertz ranges, thereby paving the way for new frequency converters and modulators in optical communication and signal processing.
Coherent terahertz emission from free-electron-driven Fabry–Pérot resonators with coupled grooves
Authors: Liu Weihao , Zhang Liwen , Yu Zijia , Liu Yucheng , Li Weiwei , Jia Qika , Sun Baogen , Xu Hongliang , Liu Wenxin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fabry–Pérot (FP) resonators with metallic subwavelength grooves or holes, which have been extensively applied in optical region, have recently attracted increasing interest for terahertz wave generation and manipulation. However, the practices of such resonators in the terahertz region are greatly restricted by the low energy-capacity and by the difficulty of manufacturing high-aspect-ratio grooves/holes. Here we illustrate a kind of terahertz FP resonator formed by a cluster of coupled grooves with low-aspect-ratio, which has much higher energy-capacity, higher quality-factor and is much easier to fabricate than one formed by a single uncoupled-groove. Using free-electron beams to excite an array of such FP resonators, coherent terahertz emission can be achieved, the intensity of which is more than an order of magnitude higher than that from an array of uncoupled-grooves, affording a promising way for high-power and coherent terahertz wave generation.
Thermal interface materials with graphene fillers: review of the state of the art and outlook for future applications
Authors: Lewis Jacob S , Perrier Timothy , Barani Zahra , Kargar Fariborz , Balandin Alexander A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We review the current state-of-the-art graphene-enhanced thermal interface materials for the management of heat in the next generation of electronics. Increased integration densities, speed and power of electronic and optoelectronic devices require thermal interface materials with substantially higher thermal conductivity, improved reliability, and lower cost. Graphene has emerged as a promising filler material that can meet the demands of future high-speed and high-powered electronics. This review describes the use of graphene as a filler in curing and non-curing polymer matrices. Special attention is given to strategies for achieving the thermal percolation threshold with its corresponding characteristic increase in the overall thermal conductivity. Many applications require high thermal conductivity of composites, while simultaneously preserving electrical insulation. A hybrid filler approach, using graphene and boron nitride, is presented as a possible technology providing for the independent control of electrical and thermal conduction. The reliability and lifespan performance of thermal interface materials is an important consideration towards the determination of appropriate practical applications. The present review addresses these issues in detail, demonstrating the promise of graphene-enhanced thermal interface materials compared to alternative technologies.
Design of a head coil for high resolution mouse brain perfusion imaging using magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Graeser Matthias , Ludewig Peter , Szwargulski Patryk , Foerger Fynn , Liebing Tom , Forkert Nils D , Thieben Florian , Magnus Tim , Knopp Tobias 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel and versatile imaging modality developing toward human application. When up-scaling to human size, the sensitivity of the systems naturally drops as the coil sensitivity depends on the bore diameter. Thus, new methods to push the sensitivity limit further have to be investigated to cope for this loss. In this paper a dedicated surface coil for mice is developed, improving the sensitivity in cerebral imaging applications. Similar to magnetic resonance imaging the developed surface coil improves the sensitivity due to the closer vicinity to the region of interest. With the developed surface coil presented in this work, it is possible to image tracer samples containing only 896 pg

Fe

and detect even small vessels and anatomical structures within a wild type mouse model. As current sensitivity measures require a tracer system a new method for determining a sensitivity measure without this requirement is presented and verified to enable comparison between MPI receiver systems.