bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent‐Free Mechanochemical Synthesis of a Systematic Series of Pure‐Phase Mixed‐Halide Perovskites MAPb(IxBr1−x)3 and MAPb(BrxCl1−x)3 for Continuous Composition and Band‐Gap Tuning
Authors: Tang Sheng , Xiao Xinyu , Hu Jing , Gao Bo , Chen Hunglin , Peng Zongyang , Wen Jianchun , Era Masanao , Zou Dechun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHybrid perovskites have recently received much attention in optoelectronic applications. However, hybrid perovskites are unstable in a humid environment. Mixed halide perovskites (MHPs) show enhanced stability and band‐gap tunability upon engineering of their halide composition. Here, MHPs are prepared through a solvent‐free mechanochemical synthesis (MCS) route that allows superior control over halide compositions than the solvent synthesis routes (SS). The MCS route eliminates the problem in the preparation of MAPb(IxBr1−x)3 with continuously varying x, while maintaining the material properties and suppressing phase segregation present in SS routes. UV‐vis absorption and X‐ray diffraction patterns confirm the production of the desired pure‐phase MHPs. For MAPb(IxBr1−x)3 (0≤x≤1), with increased ratio of halide (x), the cubic phase gradually transforms into the tetragonal phase and band‐gap tunability is accomplished. The MCS route for the preparation of MHPs is a very promising and efficient technique for superior control in optoelectronic properties, leading to improved control in fabrication approaches.
MapR: A Method for Identifying Native R‐Loops Genome Wide
Authors: Yan Qingqing , Sarma Kavitha 
Published: January 2020

AbstractR‐loops are abundant, RNA‐containing chromatin structures that form in the genomes of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Devising methods to identify the precise genomic locations of R‐loops is critical to understand how these structures regulate numerous cellular processes, including replication, termination, and chromosome segregation, and how their unscheduled formation results in disease. Here, we describe a new, highly sensitive, and antibody‐independent method, MapR, to profile native R‐loops genome wide. MapR takes advantage of the natural specificity of the RNase H enzyme to recognize DNA:RNA hybrids, a defining feature of R‐loops, and combines it with a CUT&RUN approach to target, cleave, and release R‐loops that can then be sequenced. MapR has low background, is faster than current R‐loop detection technologies, and can be performed in any cell type without the need to generate stable cell lines. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Harvest frequency effects on herbage characteristics of ‘Mavuno’ brachiariagrass
Authors: Siqueira da Silva Hiran M. , Vendramini João M.B. , Leite de Oliveira Fabio C. , Soares Filho Cecilio V. , Kaneko Makoto , Silveira Maria L. , Dalmazo Sanchez João M. , Yarborough James K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract‘Mavuno’ brachiariagrass (Brachiaria spp.) is a warm‐season perennial grass cultivar released in Brazil with potential to be used as forage in subtropical regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate herbage accumulation (HA), nutritive value, and the persistence of Mavuno under different harvest frequencies. The experiment was conducted in Ona, FL, from April to November in 2016 and 2017. Treatments were the factorial arrangement of four grasses: Jiggs bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers], ‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.), ‘Mulato II’ brachiariagrass, and Mavuno and two regrowth intervals (3 or 6 wk), distributed in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Mavuno and Mulato II had similar total annual HA (11.0 Mg ha−1), and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM, 644 g kg−1), but greater total annual HA and IVDOM than Jiggs (7.8 Mg ha−1 and 500 g kg−1) and Tifton 85 (8.4 Mg ha−1 and 550 g kg−1). Mavuno had the least crude protein (CP) among all treatments (111 vs. 124 g kg−1), and CP and IVDOM were greater at the 3‐wk regrowth interval than at the 6‐wk interval (130 vs. 111 g kg−1 and 610 vs 548 g kg−1, respectively). Root mass was greater at 3 wk than at 6 wk for Tifton 85 (9.4 vs. 5.4 Mg ha−1) but was not affected by regrowth interval for Jiggs, Mavuno, and Mulato II (6.5 Mg ha−1). Mavuno and Mulato II had superior HA and IVDOM, and Mavuno may be a viable forage source in subtropical regions.
Differences in submillimetre surface morphology and canopy interception storage capacities of Gleditsia triacanthos L. (honeylocust) in relation to canopy phenophase and position
Authors: Campellone Sabatino V. , Levia Delphis F. , Montalto Franco A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine submillimetre surface morphology and interception storage capacity of foliar surfaces for Gleditsia triacanthos L. (honeylocust) in relation to canopy phenophase (emergence, full leaf, and senescence) and bark surfaces with respect to canopy position through the integration of bioimaging microscopy techniques, three‐dimensional (3D) surface mapping, and laboratory‐based storage capacity analyses. The results demonstrate that there were some statistically significant differences in foliar microrelief and storage capacity across canopy phenophases. Mean foliar roughness and storage capacity peaked during the full leaf phenophase at 173 μm and 0.019 ml cm−2, respectively. Both foliar microrelief and storage capacity were least during emergence. The decreased surface roughness during senescence as compared with full leaf might be due to the tree's inability to repair environmentally induced degradation of the morphological microstructures and epicuticular wax during that phase. Bark microrelief and storage capacity both varied as a function of tree height, with the greatest mean roughness (859 μm) and storage capacity (0.094 ml cm−2) observed in the lower tree. The observed reduction in bark microrelief and storage capacity with height may be attributable to bark age and thickness. Further research that links the 3D submillimetre morphology of canopy surfaces by identifying specific physical mechanisms and processes that either promote or inhibit water storage on foliar and bark surfaces is needed.
Assisted gene flow in the context of large‐scale forest management in California,USA
Authors: Young Derek J. N. , Blush Thomas D. , Landram Michael , Wright Jessica W. , Latimer Andrew M. , Safford Hugh D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs climate changes, locally adapted tree populations may become maladapted to the sites in which they presently occur. When natural adaptive processes are insufficient for populations to keep pace with changing climate, human‐assisted relocation of genotypes (assisted gene flow) may be a useful tool for maintaining forest resilience. While existing empirical evidence provides insight into the potential outcomes and consequences of assisted gene flow, its applicability to large‐scale plantings needs to be evaluated. We conducted a test of assisted gene flow in the context of operational postfire restoration plantings in three U.S. Department of Agriculture National Forests in California. Our experimental restoration plantings included seedling provenances representing both the local planting site and lower‐elevation provenances that may be adapted to hotter and drier conditions. For the duration of the experiment, the planting sites experienced anomalously hot, dry conditions, offering a window into the potential outcomes of assisted gene flow in a future climate characterized by warmer temperatures and more frequent drought. In most cases, there was no significant difference in seedling growth or survival among provenances. However, in a few cases, lower‐elevation provenances performed better than local provenances, suggesting a potential benefit of assisted gene flow as a management response to climate change. Our analyses accounted for spatial variation in shrub cover and detected a consistent and substantial negative association between shrub cover and seedling growth. In addition, our study revealed that the use of operational seed collections that are not geographically precise (and therefore also not climatically precise) can complicate selection of appropriate provenances and lead to unpredictable outcomes. Numerous other risks and uncertainties—including the fact that tree populations are often adapted to local site factors other than climate and that long‐term outcomes may differ from short‐term observations—complicate evaluations of the potential utility of assisted gene flow.
Individual identification and individual variability analysis based on cortical folding features in developing infant singletons and twins
Authors: Duan Dingna , Xia Shunren , Rekik Islem , Wu Zhengwang , Wang Li , Lin Weili , Gilmore John H , Shen Dinggang , Li Gang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStudying the early dynamic development of cortical folding with remarkable individual variability is critical for understanding normal early brain development and related neurodevelopmental disorders. This study focuses on the fingerprinting capability and the individual variability of cortical folding during early brain development. Specifically, we aim to explore (a) whether the developing neonatal cortical folding is unique enough to be considered as a “fingerprint” that can reliably identify an individual within a cohort of infants; (b) which cortical regions manifest more individual variability and thus contribute more for infant identification; (c) whether the infant twins can be distinguished by cortical folding. Hence, for the first time, we conduct infant individual identification and individual variability analysis involving twins based on the developing cortical folding features (mean curvature, average convexity, and sulcal depth) in 472 neonates with 1,141 longitudinal MRI scans. Experimental results show that the infant individual identification achieves 100% accuracy when using the neonatal cortical folding features to predict the identities of 1‐ and 2‐year‐olds. Besides, we observe high identification capability in the high‐order association cortices (i.e., prefrontal, lateral temporal, and inferior parietal regions) and two unimodal cortices (i.e., precentral gyrus and lateral occipital cortex), which largely overlap with the regions encoding remarkable individual variability in cortical folding during the first 2 years. For twins study, we show that even for monozygotic twins with identical genes and similar developmental environments, their cortical folding features are unique enough for accurate individual identification; and in some high‐order association cortices, the differences between monozygotic twin pairs are significantly lower than those between dizygotic twins. This study thus provides important insights into individual identification and individual variability based on cortical folding during infancy.
Oncological impact of hypothyroidism and levothyroxine supplementation following hemithyroidectomy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Ahn Dongbin , Lee Gil J. , Sohn Jin H. , Jeon Jae H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the oncological impact of hypothyroidism and levothyroxine (LT) supplementation after hemithyroidectomy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsWe retrospectively examined 401 patients who underwent hemithyroidectomy for classic PTC and who were postoperatively followed‐up with ≥3 thyroid function measurements for ≥24 months.ResultsDuring 77.4 months of follow‐up, 268/401 patients (66.8%) developed hypothyroidism and 19/401 patients (4.7%) showed recurrence. Recurrence rates did not differ between the euthyroidism and hypothyroidism development groups. Recurrence rates were significantly lower in the LT group than in the no‐LT group, although mean postoperative thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were not different between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that tumors sized >1 cm and lack of LT supplementation were significantly associated with recurrence.ConclusionsPostoperative hypothyroidism development was not a risk factor for PTC recurrence after hemithyroidectomy. Nevertheless, LT supplementation reduced recurrence risk without suppressing TSH.
Cenicriviroc Treatment for Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis: Final Analysis of the Phase 2b CENTAUR Study
Authors: Ratziu Vlad , Sanyal Arun , Harrison Stephen A. , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Francque Sven , Goodman Zachary , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Kowdley Kris V. , Seyedkazemi Star , Fischer Laurent , Loomba Rohit , Abdelmalek Manal F. , Tacke Frank 
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims
Cenicriviroc (CVC) is a C‐C chemokine receptors type 2 and 5 dual antagonist under evaluation for treating liver fibrosis in adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Year 1 primary analysis of the 2‐year CENTAUR study showed that CVC had an antifibrotic effect without impacting steatohepatitis. Herein, we report the final data from year 2 exploratory analyses.

Approach and Results
This was a randomized, controlled study of adults with NASH, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score ≥4, and NASH Clinical Research Network stage 1‐3 fibrosis. Participants in arms A and C received CVC 150 mg or placebo, respectively, for 2 years; arm B received placebo in year 1 and switched to CVC in year 2. Liver biopsy was performed at baseline, year 1, and year 2. Of 289 randomized participants, 242 entered year 2. At year 2, 24% of patients who switched to CVC and 17% who remained on placebo achieved ≥1‐stage fibrosis improvement and no worsening of NASH (P = 0.37). Twice the proportion on CVC who achieved fibrosis response at year 1 maintained benefit at year 2 (60% arm A versus 30% arm C), including 86% on CVC who had stage 3 fibrosis at baseline. Over 2 years, a similar proportion on CVC or placebo achieved ≥1‐stage fibrosis improvement and no worsening of NASH (15% arm A versus 17% arm C). In patients with fibrosis responses, we observed consistent reductions in levels of N‐terminal type 3 collagen propeptide and enhanced liver fibrosis scores, while increases in aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index and Fibrosis‐4 scores were consistently observed in nonresponders. Safety profile was comparable across groups.

Conclusions
CVC was well tolerated, and year 2 data corroborate antifibrotic findings from year 1. The majority on CVC who achieved fibrosis response at year 1 maintained it at year 2, with greater effect in advanced fibrosis. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02217475 (CENTAUR).
Quantification of the hydraulic diffusivity of a bentonite‐sand mixture using the water head decrease measured upon sudden flow interruption
Authors: Schäfer Gerhard , Berez Amor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a new modelling approach to quantify the hydraulic diffusivity of low‐permeability unconsolidated porous media under confined saturated‐flow conditions in the laboratory. The derived analytical solution for the transient variation of the hydraulic head after flow interruption was applied to experimental data obtained from continuous measurements of the water pressure at two locations in the soil column. Three soil samples made of a mixture of natural bentonite (at different mass fractions) and medium sand were studied during a series of stepwise constant flow rates of water. The numerical results well fit the experimentally measured decrease of the dimensionless hydraulic head. The study shows that the increase of the mass fraction of bentonite in the soil sample from 10 to 30% is accompanied by a strong decrease of the hydraulic diffusivity from 2.4 × 10−2 to 1.1 × 10−3 m2 s−1, which is clearly due to the decrease of the hydraulic conductivity of the soil sample. The specific storages obtained for each of the three samples are in the same order of magnitude and seem to decrease with the increase of mass fraction of bentonite. However, they clearly reflect the predominant portion of the compressibility of the porous medium compared with that of water. Compared with reported literature values for clayey soils, the specific storage values in this study are slightly higher, varying within the range of 2 × 10−3 to 8.1 × 10−3 m−1.. The experimental results also give insight into the limitations of the modelling approach. In the case of low‐permeability soils (K < 2 × 10−6 ms−1) and steady‐flow conditions with low Reynolds numbers, for example, Re < 0.003, it is recommended to choose a time duration for flow interruption between subsequent flow rate steps of longer than 5 s. For high‐permeability porous media, to increase the precision of the quantified hydraulic diffusivity, it might be useful to select a measuring frequency significantly higher than 1 Hz.
Long noncoding RNA LEF1‐AS1 binds with HNRNPL to boost the proliferation, migration, and invasion in osteosarcoma by enhancing the mRNA stability of LEF1
Authors: Lu Xiangdong , Qiao Lin , Liu Yanxiong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent type of cancer that starts in the bones, with a rather high tendency to metastasize to other bones at the early stages. Although many types of research have demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs commonly take part in the development of various cancers, the modulating mechanism of LEF1‐AS1 in OS was unknown yet. In this study, our results disclosed that LEF1‐AS1, as well as LEF1, had higher expression levels in OS cells than that in normal bone cells. LEF1‐AS1 knockdown dramatically inhibited the proliferation, migration, as well as invasion in OS, which proved that LEF1‐AS1 contributed to the growth of OS. Furthermore, HNRNPL knockdown suppressed the expression of LEF1. LEF1‐AS1 was confirmed to sponge HNRNPL and HNRNPL could bind with LEF1. Both LEF1‐AS1 and HNRNPL could enhance the stability of LEF1 mRNA. LEF1‐AS1 acted as a promoter in stimulating the Wnt signaling pathway in OS. In rescue experiments, overexpression of LEF1 partially offset the inhibition LEF1‐AS1 knockdown brought in the proliferation, migration as well as invasion of OS cells. Collectively, this study had investigated that LEF1‐AS1 bound with HNRNPL to promote OS cell proliferation, migration as well as invasion by enhancing the messenger RNA stability of LEF1.
Long noncoding RNA SPRY4‐IT1 promotes proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via mediating TNF signaling pathway
Authors: Ma Weijie , Chen Xi , Wu Xiaoling , Li Jinghua , Mei Chengjie , Jing Wei , Teng Li , Tu Honglei , Jiang Xiang , Wang Ganggang , Chen Yiran , Wang Kunlei , Wang Haitao , Wei Yongchang , Liu Zhisu , Yuan Yufeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOur previous studies have indicated that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) SPRY4 intronic transcript 1 (SPRY4‐IT1) was highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it still remained unclear how SPRY4‐IT1 worked in tumorgenesis in HCC. In this study, we tested the overexpression of SPRY4‐IT1 in HCC tissues and cells through a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses showed that the upregulation had an association with the tumor node metastasis stage, thrombin time, and alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, SPRY4‐IT1 could be involved in cell proliferation, metastasis, and the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in HCC in vitro and in vivo. RNA‐sequencing and transcriptome analysis were carried out to explore the mechanism of SPRY4‐IT1 in HCC. With SPRY4‐IT1 being knocked down or overexpressed, the level of proteins in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway changed. We detected the RNA binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (HNRNPL) as a SPRY4‐IT1 interacting protein through RNA pull‐down assay and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, then verified through RNA immunoprecipitation. Downregulation of HNRNPL induced the change of proteins observed on SPRY4‐IT1 downregulation revealing the SPRY4‐IT1: HNRNPL complex in the TNF signaling pathway and EMT process in HCC. In general, our experimental data and analysis demonstrated the role of SPRY4‐IT1 in promoting progress and metastasis of HCC by the TNF signaling pathway.
Development of an integrated process for the production of high‐purity cadaverine from lysine decarboxylase
Authors: Liu Yuxuan , Zheng Yunxin , Wu Hao , Zhang Wei , Ren Tianyu , You Shengping , Qi Wei , Su Rongxin , He Zhimin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCadaverine is a natural polyamine that can replace fossil‐derived hexamethylene diamine to produce bio‐based polyamide. Despite huge developments in cadaverine bioproduction, an econo"mically attractive purification process is a highly important part of the production of high‐purity cadaverine.RESULTSThis study utilized l‐lysine hydrochloride as a substrate for the production of high‐purity cadaverine via a litre‐scale integrated process incorporating fermentation, bioproduction, deprotonation, extraction and rectification. First, 8.24 U mg–1 lysine decarboxylase activity and 205 g L–1 cadaverine with a yield of 91.61% were achieved through the fermentation of low‐cost industrial culture by engineered Escherichia coli and the bioproduction of cadaverine by lysine decarboxylase. Secondly, four integrated purification methods – deprotonation‐evaporation, pH adjustment‐deprotonation‐evaporation, deprotonation‐extraction‐evaporation and deprotonation‐extraction‐rectification – were explored, and the conditions of each unit operation in the chosen method (deprotonation‐extraction‐rectification) were optimized. Then the optimized method was applied to a 2‐L purification system, resulting in 99% purity of cadaverine with a yield of 87.47%. Furthermore, the n‐butanol recovery ratio reached 91.25%, effectively avoiding the waste of resources and environmental pollution, and thus reducing purification costs.CONCLUSIONThe proposed experimental approach proves that this integrated process leads to the production of high‐purity cadaverine. In the 2‐L‐scale integrated process, 358.64 g cadaverine of 99% purity was produced at a cost of US$3.99 (US$1.11 per 100 g), which is far below its market price (US$784.71 per 100 g). This integrated process provides a potential way for the industrial‐scale production of bio‐based cadaverine. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry