bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What hinders and facilitates the implementation of nurse-led interventions in dementia care? A scoping review
Authors: Karrer Melanie , Hirt Julian , Zeller Adelheid , Saxer Susi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

BackgroundThe implementation of evidence-based interventions for people with dementia is complex and challenging. However, successful implementation might be a key element to ensure evidence-based practice and high quality of care. There is a need to improve implementation processes in dementia care by better understanding the arising challenges. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify recent knowledge concerning barriers and facilitators to implementing nurse-led interventions in dementia care.MethodsWe performed a scoping review using the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley. Studies explicitly reporting on the implementation process and factors influencing the implementation of a nurse-led intervention in dementia care were included. We searched eight databases until January 2019. Two authors independently selected the studies. For data analysis, we used an inductive approach to build domains and categories.ResultsWe included 26 studies in the review and identified barriers as well as facilitators in five domains: policy (e.g. financing issues, health insurance), organisation (e.g. organisational culture and vision, resources, management support), intervention/implementation (e.g. complexity of the intervention, perceived value of the intervention), staff (e.g. knowledge, experience and skills, attitude towards the intervention), and person with dementia/family (e.g. nature and stage of dementia, response of persons with dementia and their families).ConclusionsBesides general influencing factors for implementing nursing interventions, we identified dementia-specific factors reaching beyond already known barriers and facilitators. A pre-existing person-centred culture of care as well as consistent team cultures and attitudes have a facilitating effect on implementation processes. Furthermore, there is a need for interventions that are highly flexible and sensitive to patients’ condition, needs and behaviour.
Household Food Insecurity, Coping Strategies and Adolescent Girls’ Dietary Diversity Status in Hossana Town, Ethiopia.
Authors: Bancha Belay , Petrose Legese , Fanta Begidu Bashe , Endale Ashebir , Delil Romedan , Lodebo Mengistu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background: Adolescents (10-19 years) represent 20 % of the world’s population. In Ethiopia they account for 20-26% of the general population. With adequate dietary diversity, this period is a window of opportunity to break intergenerational cycle of malnutrition. However, there is scarcity of data on the status of dietary diversity in this segments of the population. Methods: A community based cross sectional study design was employed from May 21-June 20, 2019. Cluster sampling technique was used to collect data from 451 households with adolescent girls. Data was entered in to Epi-Data version 3.1 then exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis were performed. Adjusted Odd Ratios (AOR), along with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were used and the level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value of <0.05. Results: A total of 434 households with adolescent girls were involved in the study. We found that 41.7% of households were food insecure, only 57.8%, (C.I.53.5-62.2) of adolescent girls consumed diversified diet, with the mean dietary diversity score of 5.38 (SD=1.75). After adjusting for others, occupational status of the adolescents’ father, (AOR= 0.56, 95% C.I. 0.32-0.99 and AOR=0.26, 95% C.I. 0.17-0.47), exposure to televised media (AOR=3.36, 95% C.I. =1.55-7. 3) and household food security status (AOR=5.09, 95% C.I. =3.2-8.08) were significant predictors of dietary diversity among adolescent girls. Conclusion: Significant portion of households were food insecure; practicing ranges of coping strategies which further compromised dietary diversity of adolescent girls. Poor dietary diversity adversely affects micronutrient reserves of to-be a-mother girls; the vicious cycles of malnutrition continues its far fetching effect. Given that adolescence is the second period in life with rapid growth and development, improving dietary status of this sensitive segments of the population are to be an agenda of all concerned bodies.
Expenses and national insurance payments at a municipal-level hospital in rural Nepal: implications for strategic purchasing and universal health coverage
Authors: Schwarz Ryan , Nepal Prajwol , Acharya Bibhav , Adhikari Shiva Raj , Aryal Anu , Basnett Indira , Bhattari Dipak , Choudhury Nandini , Citrin David , Dangal Binod , Dhimal Meghnath , Dhungana Santosh , Gauchan Bikash , Ghimire Hari , Kalaunee SP , Mahara Naranti , Mahar Ramesh , Makhija Pavan , Pathak Mandeep , Raut Anant , Rimal Pragya , Sapkota Sabitri , Schwarz Dan , Sherchan Rekha , Shrestha Biplav , Walter Eric , Maru Duncan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Strategic purchasing mechanisms, including national health insurance, provide opportunities to improve quality and progress towards universal health coverage. Nepal’s health insurance program (HIP), begun in 2016, is a national insurance platform aiming to improve financial risk protection, and efficiency, quality, and access to health services. HIP also further engages private-sector providers through strategic purchasing, potentially improving quality, regulation, and accountability. Bayalpata Hospital is a public-private partnership (PPP) hospital run jointly by the Ministry of Health and Population and Nyaya Health Nepal and is one of the first PPP hospitals enrolled in HIP. We evaluated Bayalpata Hospital costs and HIP guidelines to understand how HIP rates compare to health delivery costs incurred.Methods: We employed a top-down costing methodology to analyze costs for fiscal year 2017-2018. We compared costs to HIP reimbursement rates during the same period, and projected overall coverage for costs assuming full HIP enrollment given the compulsory nature of HIP.Results: Our data suggest HIP, as one payment mechanism in Nepal’s mixed provider payment system, would cover 57% of hospital costs with full enrollment, with variation across services. Among inpatient services, 64% of costs would be covered, including 105% reimbursement for fee-for-service, 87% reimbursement for bundled packages, but only 23% - 40% for certain surgical services. For outpatient services, 59% would be covered, and for emergency services, 32% would be covered. Conclusions: HIP is an important strategic purchasing foundation; however, payments may be insufficient to match provider costs and cover a larger percentage of inpatient-based and fee-for-service delivery than outpatient services. These dynamics may inappropriately incentivize fee-for-service health care utilization, in particular for private-sector providers without access to other public-sector payment mechanisms, while potentially disincentivizing outpatient or community-based approaches to health care, which are less well reimbursed through HIP. HIP policy revisions, and further expansion of mixed provider payment mechanisms, may more effectively incentivize primary health care approaches, while also deepening private-sector engagement. The data and experience of Bayalpata Hospital and HIP offer practical insights for Nepali policymakers and those in similar settings globally employing strategic purchasing to improve progress towards UHC and quality health delivery.
Risk factors for malnutrition in refractory convulsive status epilepticus
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chen Deng , Zhu Li-na , liu ling 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To study the risk factors and prognosis of malnutrition in patients with refractory convulsive status epilepticus. Methods: A total of 73 patients with refractory convulsive epileptic status in West China Hospital from January 2017 to May 2019 were collected. All patients met the 2016 International Anti-epileptic Alliance diagnostic criteria for refractory convulsive status epilepticus. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the risk factors of malnutrition in refractory convulsive status epilepticus. Results: Of the 73 patients with refractory convulsive status epilepticus, 33 (45.21%) suffered from malnutrition during hospitalization, and hospitalization days (OR =1.251; 95% CI: 1.067-1.384; P =0.007), nasal feeding (OR =22.623; 95% CI: 1.091-286.899; P =0.013), and malnutrition on admission (OR =30.760; 95% CI: 1.064-89.797; P =0.046) were risk factors for malnutrition in patients with refractory convulsive status epilepticus. Conclusion: Malnutrition is a common complication during hospitalization in patients with refractory convulsive status epilepticus. Hospitalization days, nasal feeding, and malnutrition at admission are risk factors for malnutrition in patients with refractory convulsive status epilepticus. Further longitudinal studies are needed to identify the relationship between refractory convulsive status epilepticus and adverse outcomes.
Aerosol antibiotic resistance gene dissemination among hospital departments by culture-facilitated comparative metagenomics
Authors: Li Xiang , Wu Ziqi , Dang Chenyuan , Zhang Miao , Zhao Bixi , Cheng Zhanwen , Chen Liming , Zhong Zhenfeng , Ye Yuhui , Xia Yu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Genes make microorganisms resistant to antibiotics are overwhelmingly present in environments, and those in the air seem to consistently worsen human health, especially in built-in hospitals. In this study, we sampled two distinct seasonal solid-, liquid- and gaseous-state samples in a large occupied hospital, and mainly aim to study the temporal and spatial micro-ecology and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) distribution patterns within hospital settings using culture-facilitated comparative metagenomics in combinations with other widely applied methods.
Results: Hospital aerosol resistome showed concentration of 0.00042 copies per 16S rRNA gene which was comparable to that of drinking water (0.00024 copies/16S rRNA). Winter aerosols showed higher resistome concentration and exhibited similar distribution patterns among different departments; while evident microbial accumulation and stronger level of inter-species ARG exchange was observed in summer aerosol samples. Network analysis and cultural isolate whole genome sequencing results confirmed some of these exchanges were mediated via plasmids. Additionally, ARGs and microbial community source tracking results illustrated Outpatient hall could serve as a major resistome pollution source all year long.
Conclusions: The state-of-art metagenomics analyses and culture facilitated sequencing with strict cutoff guarantee the result accuracy of resistome pattern observed in built-in hospital environment, and our novel genotype sharing network confirmed the plasmid-mediated transferring mechanism in hospital air for the first time. Overall, this study illustrated valuable and quality hospital aerosol dissemination patterns and our effort will encourage more metagenomics applications in hospital studies.
Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Retained Placenta and Subclinical Mastitis in Tanzanian Dairy Cows
Authors: Komba Erick Vitus , Kashoma Isaac Pastory 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Three dairy farms were investigated for occurrence of retained placenta and subclinical mastitis, and the economic impacts attributable to the conditions. Reproductive performance data from 1169 calvings of dairy cows for five consecutive years spanning from 2014 to 2018 were used in this study. A total of 167 cows were screened with the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and udder quarters with CMT score of ≥ 3 (scale 1–5) were milk sampled for culture and final bacteriological identification. Results: Overall prevalences of subclinical mastitis and retained fetal membranes were 35.93% and 10.35%, respectively. The prevalence of bacterial isolates at animal level was 38.92%. Individual bacteria prevalence rates were 66.15% for Staphylococcus aureus, 13.85% for Escherichia coli, 6.15% for Bacillus spp., 6.15% for Streptococcus agalactiae and 7.69% for none typed microorganisms. Overall loss from subclinical mastitis was estimated at 10,603,800/= Tanzanian shillings (Tshs) equivalent to USD $ 4,700 with major losses (81.75%) attributable to the production loss followed by treatment expenditure (18.25%). Average loss attributed to mastitis per quarter was estimated at 49,320/= Tshs (USD $21.5). Retained placenta resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in the period from parturition to conception (148.7 vs. 96.0 days), number of services per conception (2.9 vs. 1.9) and calving interval (434.7 vs. 374.0 days). Conclusion: These findings point out to the economic importance of subclinical mastitis and retained fetal membranes in the dairy industry. This calls for improved milking hygiene, proper attention to health of mammary glands, regular screening tests and application of biosecurity measures as intervention strategies to lower the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and minimize the spread of pathogens in dairy farms. Since retained fetal membrane is an important problem causing great economic losses, appropriate control measures have to be instituted including cow comfort, proper immunization and careful nutritional management (mineral supplementation), particularly during the transition period.
Analysis of the primary and post-treatment antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Nanjing area
Authors: zongdan jiang , He Bang-Shun , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Wang Shu-Kui , Ran Dan , WANG Zhi-Bing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the current status and trend of Helicobacter pylori（H. pylori）antibiotics resistance over 5 years in Nanjing area．Then we evaluated the primary and post-treatment antibiotic resistance of H. pylori in Nanjing area. Methods: During the period from July 2017 to December 2019, 1533 gastric mucosal specimens from patients with positive H. pylori confirmed by breath test or rapid urease test were collected for isolation and identify H. pylori. The agar dilution method was used for antibiotic resistance test. The antibiotic resistance of H. pylori were compared with that in the period from May 2014 to May 2015. Results: The result showed that the resistance rates of H. pylori to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, furazolidone, tetracycline and metronidazole were 2.74%, 47.03%, 33.59%, 0.91%, 0.52% and 80.76%, respectively in the period of July 2017 to December 2019. Compared with the period of May 2014 to May 2015, the resistance rate of metronidazole was the most obvious, from 60.5% to 80.76% in the period of July 2017 to December 2019, followed by clarithromycin from 29.5% to 47.03%, and levofloxacin from 14.7% to 33.59%. The resistance rates of H. pylori (primary Vs post-treatment) to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, furazolidone, tetracycline and metronidazole were 1.83% Vs 6.08%, 38.62% Vs 77.81%, 27.41% Vs 56.23%, 0.58% Vs 2.13%, 0.33% Vs 1.22%, 78.57% Vs 88.75%, respectively during the period of July 2017 to December 2019. Conclusions: Antibiotic resistance of H. pylori remained a problem for the effective eradication of this pathogen and its associated diseases in Nanjing area. For post-treatment eradication patients, clinicians should took into account regional antibiotic resistance rate, personal antibiotic exposure history, economic benefit ratio, adverse antibiotic reactions, antibiotic availability and other aspects．
Assessment of anterior chamber configuration changes after phacoemulsification with swept-source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Hu Man , Zheng Qian , Li Zhangliang , Chang Pingjun , Zhao Yun-e 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: To assess the changes of anterior chamber angle in patients with shallow anterior chamber and normal anterior chamber after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (IOL) using anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography (AS-SS-OCT).
Methods: This was a prospective case control study; 60 eyes of 60 patients who scheduled for cataract surgery with normal intraocular pressure (IOP). Based on anterior chamber depth (ACD) and gonioscopy findings, the eyes were classified into two groups: shallow anterior chamber group with narrow angle (SAC group, 30 eyes)；and normal anterior chamber group with wide angle (NAC group, 30 eyes). Measurements of ACD, anterior chamber volume (ACV), Iris volume (IV), lens vault (LV) , angle opening distance (AOD), angle recess area (ARA), trabecular iris space area (TISA), and trabecular iris angle (TIA) were conducted in each group before and 3 months after surgery. Differences between the two groups were compared.
Results: There was no significant difference in age, axial length (AL), corneal curvature, corneal diameter, IOP and IV between the SAC group and the NAC group before operation, except for the LV (p = 0.000). All angle parameters including ACD, ACV, AOD, ARA, TISA and TIA in both groups at 3 months post-surgery were significantly different from the preoperative values (p<0.01). In addition, there were significant differences in all angle parameters between two groups before and after operation (All P< 0.05). Besides, the TISA750 in superior quadrant, ACD and ACV were significantly smaller in the group of SAC than those in the group of NAC 3 months after operation (P = 0.041, 0.001 and 0.002, respectively).
Conclusions: Cataract surgery can deepen anterior chamber and increase the width of anterior chamber angle in Chinese subjects, but the ACD and ACV in patients with shallow anterior chamber and narrow angle have not reached the normal level, presumably because the iris root of SAC group inserted more anteriorly than that of NAC group. Phacoemulsification may not completely eliminate the risk of glaucoma in NAC group of people after surgery.
Micropropagation and Genetic Fidelity of in vitro Grown Plantlets of Begonia malabarica Lam.
Authors: Aswathy J M  , Murugan K.  
Published: January 2020

Begonias are ornamental indoor plants and also cultivated for landscaping. Begonia malabarica Lam., found naturally in the hilly regions of South India and Sri Lanka called by the tribals as Narayana Sanjeevi, i.e. possess miraculous therapeutic properties. The present study targets in vitro culture, field establishment and evaluation of its genetic uniformity using anatomical, molecular markers followed by callus induction and establishment of cell suspension. Explants such as shoot tip and leaves from in vitro germinated seeds were cultured on Murashige-Skoog medium. Maximum callus induction was obtained in Murashige-Skoog medium with 0.3 mg L–1 2, 4-D + 0.5 mg L–1 BAP, i.e. 90.8 ± 2.8% with 2.5 ± 0.1 g callus growth. In vitro suspension of cells and their growth rate were also analysed. RAPD and ISSR experiments were carried to confirm the genetic fidelity among in vitro and in vivo plants. Twelve RAPD and seven ISSR primers raised 119 amplicons. Genomic DNA amplification showed similarity between the in vivo and the in vitro generated plantlets. The overall results revealed the uniformity of the in vitro raised B. malabarica plantlets in terms of histoanatomical genetical features and substantiated the assumption that in vitro micropropagation is the secure mode for mass propagation of true to type plants without any somaclonal variations.
Sensitivity Enhancement of Pre-Capillary Chelation Method for the Separation of Metal Ions: Experimental and DFT Study
Authors: Kanchi Suvardhan , Sabela Myalowenkosi I. , Shahbaaz Mohd , Bisetty Krishna 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Heavy metal toxicity has proven to be a major threat and there are several health risks associated with it. The toxic effects of these metals, even though they do not have any biological role, remain present in some or the other form harmful for the human body and its proper functioning. They sometimes act as a pseudo element of the body while at certain times they may even interfere with metabolic processes. Sensitivity enhancement and selective pre-capillary chelation and separation method was developed for the simultaneous determination of metal ions by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with UV light as a detector.

Method:
This method was based on chelation of metal ions such as nickel(II), cobalt(II), lead(II) and zinc(II) with 2.0 mM Ammonium Morpholine-4-Carbodithioate (AMC) at pH 7.2 prior to analysis in 2.0 mM of phosphate buffer.

Results:
Different optimal conditions such as effect of pH, concentration of AMC, applied voltage, nature of the buffer solution and excipient ions were investigated to enhance the sensitivity of the method.

Conclusion:
The developed method separate nickel(II), cobalt(II), lead(II) & zinc(II) in less than 5 min with good reproducibility and recoveries ranging from 93.50 to 100.00 % in agricultural materials. Furthermore, the interaction and Density Functional Theory (DFT) based studies reveal that the metal ions form relatively stable complexes with AMC and follows the experimental trend performed with CZE.
Investigation of Nutritional Contents, Antioxidant and Immunostimulatory Activities of Aqueous Extract from Laguncularia racemosa Leaves
Authors: do Nascimento Santos Dayane Kelly Dias , de Melo Cristiane Moutinho Lagos , da Silva Elivânia Maria , de Almeida Vanessa Silva , da Cruz Filho Iranildo José , de Souza Lima Gláucia Manoella , de Araújo Daniel Rodrigo Cavalcante , da Costa Batista Fabiane Rabelo , Vieira Jeymesson Raphael Cardoso 
Published: January 2020

Background:One of the four most incident plant species in mangrove is the Laguncularia racemosa, widely used in popular medicine against inflammation and fever.Objective:Here, L. racemosa was investigated in relation to their phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and immunostimulatory effect.Methods:Aqueous extract was obtained from leaves of plant, its phytochemical profile was investigated through UPLC method, the antioxidant assays performed were TAA, DPPH, ABTS, nitrite and lipid peroxidation assay. Antimicrobial assays were made using standard strains. For all biological tests were used mice splenocytes and from these cell cultures were measured cytotoxicity, proliferation index and cytokines production.Results:Laguncularia racemosa leaves showed the presence of ions, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and high concentration of phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activities were promoted by aqueous extract, especially in DPPH and NO assays. Extract in 6 μg/mL did not induce significant cell death, stimulated the cell proliferation and the IL-4 production. Moreover, decreases of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6 were found.Conclusion:The presence of essential nutrients, significant antioxidant activity and immune stimulation confirm the use of this plant in folk medicine against inflammation.
Biomimetic Nanofiber by Electrospinning of Snail Mucus
Authors: Zhu Congcong , Zhong Tianyi , Zuo Baoqi 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Snail mucus (SM) is secreted by the pedal gland of snails, and has a fibrous structure when it crawls upside down on the plane. It contains biologically active compounds that have medical functions, such as glycol acid, natural antibiotics, and glycoprotein.

Methods:
For this paper, we prepared fibers using electrospinning to simulate this natural fiber for the first time, and we can produce the nanofiber with mucus from a snail. The effects of dissolution time and the spun solution were also investigated.

Result:
The results show that biomimetic nanofibers with different diameters can be obtained using
electrospinning. When the concentration of the spun liquid was increased from 6 wt% to 8 wt%, a fiber
with about a 200 nm diameter can be obtained. The adjustment of the concentration plays a crucial
role in electrospinning.

Conclusion:
The investigation and utilization of biomimetic nanomaterials can promote the development
of tissue engineering effectively.