bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrochemical analysis of liquid biopsy harnessed to multivariate analysis towards breast cancer screening
Authors: Freitas Daniel L. D. , Câmara Ingrid M. , Silva Priscila P. , Wanderley Nathália R. S. , Alves Maria B. C. , Morais Camilo L. M. , Martin Francis L. , Lajus Tirzah B. P. , Lima Kassio M. G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMortality due to breast cancer could be reduced via screening programs where preliminary clinical tests employed in an asymptomatic well-population with the objective of identifying cancer biomarkers could allow earlier referral of women with altered results for deeper clinical analysis and treatment. The introduction of well-population screening using new and less-invasive technologies as a strategy for earlier detection of breast cancer is thus highly desirable. Herein, spectrochemical analyses harnessed to multivariate classification techniques are used as a bio-analytical tool for a Breast Cancer Screening Program using liquid biopsy in the form of blood plasma samples collected from 476 patients recruited over a 2-year period. This methodology is based on acquiring and analysing the spectrochemical fingerprint of plasma samples by attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; derived spectra reflect intrinsic biochemical composition, generating information on nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Excellent results in terms of sensitivity (94%) and specificity (91%) were obtained using this method in comparison with traditional mammography (88–93% and 85–94%, respectively). Additional advantages such as better disease prognosis thus allowing a more effective treatment, lower associated morbidity, fewer false-positive and false-negative results, lower-cost, and higher analytical frequency make this method attractive for translation to the clinical setting.
Drag reduction mechanism of Paramisgurnus dabryanus loach with self-lubricating and flexible micro-morphology
Authors: Wu Liyan , Wang Huan , Song Yuqiu , Zhang Benhua , Xu Yan , Liu Cuihong , Yan Yuying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderwater machinery withstands great resistance in the water, which can result in consumption of a large amount of power. Inspired by the character that loach could move quickly in mud, the drag reduction mechanism ofParamisgurnus dabryanus loachis discussed in this paper. Subjected to the compression and scraping of water and sediments, a loach could not only secrete a lubricating mucus film, but also importantly, retain its mucus well from losing rapidly through its surface micro structure. In addition, it has been found that flexible deformations can maximize the drag reduction rate. This self-adaptation characteristic can keep the drag reduction rate always at high level in wider range of speeds. Therefore, even though the part of surface of underwater machinery cannot secrete mucus, it should be designed by imitating the bionic micro-morphology to absorb and store fluid, and eventually form a self-lubrication film to reduce the resistance. In the present study, theParamisgurnus dabryanus loachis taken as the bionic prototype to learn how to avoid or slow down the mucus loss through its body surface. This combination of the flexible and micro morphology method provides a potential reference for drag reduction of underwater machinery.
Developing intelligent medical image modality classification system using deep transfer learning and LDA
Authors: Hassan Mehdi , Ali Safdar , Alquhayz Hani , Safdar Khushbakht 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRapid advancement in imaging technology generates an enormous amount of heterogeneous medical data for disease diagnosis and rehabilitation process. Radiologists may require related clinical cases from medical archives for analysis and disease diagnosis. It is challenging to retrieve the associated clinical cases automatically, efficiently and accurately from the substantial medical image archive due to diversity in diseases and imaging modalities. We proposed an efficient and accurate approach for medical image modality classification that can used for retrieval of clinical cases from large medical repositories. The proposed approach is developed using transfer learning concept with pre-trained ResNet50 Deep learning model for optimized features extraction followed by linear discriminant analysis classification (TLRN-LDA). Extensive experiments are performed on challenging standard benchmark ImageCLEF-2012 dataset of 31 classes. The developed approach yields improved average classification accuracy of 87.91%, which is higher up-to 10% compared to the state-of-the-art approaches on the same dataset. Moreover, hand-crafted features are extracted for comparison. Performance of TLRN-LDA system demonstrates the effectiveness over state-of-the-art systems. The developed approach may be deployed to diagnostic centers to assist the practitioners for accurate and efficient clinical case retrieval and disease diagnosis.
Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of robotic assisted rectal cancer resection alone versus robotic rectal cancer resection with natural orifice extraction: a matched analysis
Authors: Liu Dongning , Luo Rui , Wan Zhikai , Zhu Weiquan , He Penghui , Ye Shanping , Tang Cheng , Lei Xiong , Li Taiyuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRobotic rectal cancer resection with natural orifice extraction is a recently developed minimally invasive surgery used in the treatment of patients with rectal cancer. However, its safety and feasibility remain undiscussed and controversial. This study reported the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors pertaining to traditional robotic assisted rectal cancer resection alone against that of robotic rectal cancer resection with natural orifice extraction to provide a discussion on this issue. 49 patients who underwent robotic rectal cancer resection with natural orifice extraction and 49 matched patients who underwent conventional robotic assisted rectal cancer resection were systematically analyzed in this study. Regarding the baseline characteristics, after matching, no significant differences were observed between the natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) group and the robotic assisted rectal cancer resection (RARC) group. Patients in the NOSE group had a reduced visual analog scale (p < 0.001), passed flatus more quickly (p = 0.002) and suffered less surgical stress than those in the RARC group. Moreover, 4 complications were observed in the NOSE group and 7 complications in the RARC group with no significant difference (p = 0.337) in terms of complications. The two groups had a similar survival outcomes, where the 3-year overall survival (p = 0.738) and 3-year progression-free survival (p = 0.986) were all comparable between the two groups. Histological differentiation and T stage could be regarded as independent prognostic factors for 3-year overall survival and 3-year progression-free survival. Robotic rectal cancer resection with natural orifice extraction is a safe and feasible minimally invasive surgery for patients suffering from rectal cancer as it encompasses considerable several advantages. Histological differentiation and T stage may serve as independent prognostic factors for 3-year overall survival and 3-year progression-free survival.
Erbium emission in Er:Y2O3 decorated fractal arrays of silicon nanowires
Authors: Lo Faro Maria Josè , Leonardi Antonio Alessio , Priolo Francesco , Fazio Barbara , Miritello Maria , Irrera Alessia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDisordered materials with new optical properties are capturing the interest of the scientific community due to the observation of innovative phenomena. We present the realization of novel optical materials obtained by fractal arrays of silicon nanowires (NWs) synthesized at low cost, without mask or lithography processes and decorated with Er:Y2O3, one of the most promising material for the integration of erbium in photonics. The investigated structural properties of the fractal Er:Y2O3/NWs demonstrate that the fractal morphology can be tuned as a function of the sputtering deposition angle (from 5° to 15°) of the Er:Y2O3 layer. We demonstrate that by this novel approach, it is possible to simply change the Er emission intensity by controlling the fractal morphology. Indeed, we achieved the increment of Er emission at 560 nm, opening new perspectives on the control and enhancement of the optical response of novel disordered materials.
Metal sensing-carbon dots loaded TiO2-nanocomposite for photocatalytic bacterial deactivation and application in aquaculture
Authors: Alexpandi Rajaiah , Gopi Chandu V. V. Muralee , Durgadevi Ravindran , Kim Hee-Je , Pandian Shunmugiah Karutha , Ravi Arumugam Veera 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNowadays, bioactive nanomaterials have been attracted the researcher’s enthusiasm in various fields. Herein, Diplocyclos palmatus leaf extract-derived green-fluorescence carbon dots (DP-CDs) were prepared using the hydrothermal method. Due to the strong fluorescence stability, the prepared DP-CDs were coated on filter-paper to make a fluorometric sensor-strip for Fe3+ detection. After, a bandgap-narrowed DP-CDs/TiO2 nanocomposite (DCTN) was prepared using the methanolic extract of D. palmatus. The prepared DCTN exhibited improved photocatalytic bacterial deactivation under sunlight irradiation. The DCTN-photocatalysis slaughtered V. harveyi cells by the production of reactive oxygen species, which prompting oxidative stress, damaging the cell membrane and cellular constituents. These results suggest the plausible mode of bactericidal action of DCTN-photocatalysis under sunlight. Further, the DCTN has shown potent anti-biofilm activity against V. harveyi, and thereby, DCTN extended the survival of V. harveyi-infected shrimps during the in vivo trial with Litopenaeus vannamei. Notably, this is the first report for the disinfection of V. harveyi-mediated acute-hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) using nanocomposite. The reduced internal-colonization of V. harveyi on the hepatopancreas as well as the rescue action of the pathognomonic effect in the experimental animals demonstrated the anti-infection potential of DCTN against V. harveyi-mediated AHPND in aquaculture.
Deterministic control of photonic de Broglie waves using coherence optics
Authors: Ham Byoung S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhotonic de Broglie waves offer a unique property of quantum mechanics satisfying the complementarity between the particle and wave natures of light, where the photonic de Broglie wavelength is inversely proportional to the number of entangled photons acting on a beam splitter. Very recently, the nonclassical feature of photon bunching has been newly interpreted using the pure wave nature of coherence optics [Sci. Rep. 10, 7,309 (2020)], paving the road to unconditionally secured classical key distribution [Sci. Rep. 10, 11,687 (2020)]. Here, deterministic photonic de Broglie waves are presented in a coherence regime to uncover new insights in both fundamental quantum physics and potential applications of coherence-quantum metrology.
Dynamic coordination of the perirhinal cortical neurons supports coherent representations between task epochs
Authors: Ohnuki Tomoya , Osako Yuma , Manabe Hiroyuki , Sakurai Yoshio , Hirokawa Junya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCortical neurons show distinct firing patterns across multiple task epochs characterized by different computations. Recent studies suggest that such distinct patterns underlie dynamic population code achieving computational flexibility, whereas neurons in some cortical areas often show coherent firing patterns across epochs. To understand how coherent single-neuron code contributes to dynamic population code, we analyzed neural responses in the rat perirhinal cortex (PRC) during cue and reward epochs of a two-alternative forced-choice task. We found that the PRC neurons often encoded the opposite choice directions between those epochs. By using principal component analysis as a population-level analysis, we identified neural subspaces associated with each epoch, which reflected coordination across the neurons. The cue and reward epochs shared neural dimensions where the choice directions were consistently discriminated. Interestingly, those dimensions were supported by dynamically changing contributions of the individual neurons. These results demonstrated heterogeneity of coherent single-neuron representations in their contributions to population code.
A gain of function mutation in SlNRC4a enhances basal immunity resulting in broad-spectrum disease resistance
Authors: Pizarro Lorena , Leibman-Markus Meirav , Gupta Rupali , Kovetz Neta , Shtein Ilana , Bar Einat , Davidovich-Rikanati Rachel , Zarivach Raz , Lewinsohn Efraim , Avni Adi , Bar Maya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlants rely on innate immunity to perceive and ward off microbes and pests, and are able to overcome the majority of invading microorganisms. Even so, specialized pathogens overcome plant defenses, posing a persistent threat to crop and food security worldwide, raising the need for agricultural products with broad, efficient resistance. Here we report a specific mutation in a tomato (S. lycopersicum) helper nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat H-NLR, SlNRC4a, which results in gain of function constitutive basal defense activation, in absence of PRR activation. Knockout of the entire NRC4 clade in tomato was reported to compromise Rpi-blb2 mediated immunity. The SlNRC4a mutant reported here possesses enhanced immunity and disease resistance to a broad-spectrum of pathogenic fungi, bacteria and pests, while lacking auto-activated HR or negative effects on plant growth and crop yield, providing promising prospects for agricultural adaptation in the war against plant pathogens that decrease productivity.
Drought-modulated allometric patterns of trees in semi-arid forests
Authors: Dai Jingyu , Liu Hongyan , Wang Yongcai , Guo Qinghua , Hu Tianyu , Quine Timothy , Green Sophie , Hartmann Henrik , Xu Chongyang , Liu Xu , Jiang Zihan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTree allometry in semi-arid forests is characterized by short height but large canopy. This pattern may be important for maintaining water-use efficiency and carbon sequestration simultaneously, but still lacks quantification. Here we use terrestrial laser scanning to quantify allometry variations of Quercus mongolica in semi-arid forests. With tree height (Height) declining, canopy area (CA) decreases with substantial variations. The theoretical CA-Height relationship in dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) matches only the 5th percentile of our results because of CA underestimation and Height overestimation by breast height diameter (DBH). Water supply determines Height variation (P = 0.000) but not CA (P = 0.2 in partial correlation). The decoupled functions of stem, hydraulic conductance and leaf spatial arrangement, may explain the inconsistency, which may further ensure hydraulic safety and carbon assimilation, avoiding forest dieback. Works on tree allometry pattern and determinant will effectively supply tree drought tolerance studying and support DGVM improvements.
COVID-19 aus Sicht der Hämatologie und Hämostaseologie
Authors: Spiekermann Karsten , Subklewe Marion , Hildebrandt Martin , Humpe Andreas , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInfection with SARS-COV-2 leads to a number of pathologies in the hematopoetic system that have significant impact on clinical symptoms and mortality. There are 3 stages of infection: (1) early upper respiratory tract infection with fever and lymphopenia (2) pulmonary phase and (3) hyperinflammatory phase with the clinical signs of organ failure such as ARDS/shock. Hyperinflammation, which is triggered by activation of T cells and monocytes/macrophages, is essential for organ pathologies. Interferon IFN-ɣ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) play important roles as mediators of inflammation. In analogy to the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) after CAR-T cell therapy, the therapeutic activity of the IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab is investigated in clinical studies.The coagulation system is activated during the inflammatory phase of COVID infection, most likely on the pathophysiological basis of immune thrombosis. Clinically, there is a significantly increased incidence of venous (especially pulmonary artery embolism), but also arterial thromboembolism (TE). In laboratory chemistry, the D-dimer, fibrinogen but also vWF and FVIII are significantly increased. Guidelines for the prophylaxis and therapy of COVID-associated coagulopathy have been developed. Analogous to other viral infections, there are approaches to passive immunization using convalescent plasma. Its administration has shown promising activity in first uncontrolled case series and is currently being examined in clinical studies worldwide for its therapeutic activity.
Lifesaving Treatment of Aortic Valve Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis: Daptomycin and Early Surgical Therapy
Authors: Yozgat Can Yilmaz , Uzuner Selcuk , Ay Yasin , Temur Hafize Otcu , Bursal Duramaz Burcu , Turel Ozden , Calim Muhittin , Buyukpinarbasili Nur , Yozgat Yilmaz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInfective endocarditis (IE) is an uncommon infection in children. The recommended treatment for native valve endocarditis secondary to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infection is antistaphylococcal penicillins such as nafcillin or oxacillin. If the initial therapy fails in IE, it can lead to catastrophic results. Nowadays, daptomycin is the best alternative antimicrobial agent to treat children with severe infections, when standard antimicrobial therapy does not yield a result. Herein, in this article, we described a case of a 16-year-old boy who had aortic valve S. aureus endocarditis with septic embolization and stroke. The patient was successfully treated only with daptomycin as well as surgical therapy in the early phase of the infection.
Evaluation of Hypervolemia in Children
Authors: Kopač Matjaž 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHypervolemia is a condition with an excess of total body water and when sodium (Na) intake exceeds output. It can have different causes, such as hypervolemic hyponatremia (often associated with decreased, effective circulating blood volume), hypervolemia associated with metabolic alkalosis, and end-stage renal disease. The degree of hypervolemia in critically ill children is a risk factor for mortality, regardless of disease severity. A child (under 18 years of age) with hypervolemia requires fluid removal and fluid restriction. Diuretics are able to increase or maintain urine output and thus improve fluid and nutrition management, but their benefit in preventing or treating acute kidney injury is questionable.
InsP7is a small-molecule regulator of NUDT3-mediated mRNA decapping and processing-body dynamics
Authors: Sahu Soumyadip , Wang Zhenzhen , Jiao Xinfu , Gu Chunfang , Jork Nikolaus , Wittwer Christopher , Li Xingyao , Hostachy Sarah , Fiedler Dorothea , Wang Huanchen , Jessen Henning J. , Kiledjian Megerditch , Shears Stephen B. 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceImproved understanding of the epitranscriptomic control process will help decipher regulation of global gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that the cell-signaling inositol pyrophosphate 5-InsP7stabilizes mRNAs that are normally committed to decay pathways by NUDT3-mediated removal of the protective 5′ cap. We demonstrated this effect of 5-InsP7in vitro using recombinant NUDT3. Then, we applied pharmacological, genetic, and chemical tools to manipulate cellular levels of 5-InsP7, thereby showing it to enhance mRNA stability in intact cells. We further demonstrate mRNA stabilization is paralleled by increased abundance of P bodies, which are membraneless condensates that sequester mRNAs from the translating pool. Our demonstration that 5-InsP7regulates mRNA structure and stability, as well as P-body dynamics, illuminates cell-signaling oversight of cellular homeostasis.
Popular repugnance contrasts with legal bans on controversial markets
Authors: Roth Alvin E. , Wang Stephanie W. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Some jurisdictions ban markets regarded as repugnant. However, many bans foster black markets when the population insufficiently shares the repugnance that inspires the ban. Relationships between repugnance and regulation are important for understanding both when markets can operate effectively and when they can effectively be banned. We conduct surveys in Germany, Spain, the Philippines, and the United States about three controversial markets—prostitution, surrogacy, and global kidney exchange (GKE). Prostitution is the only one banned in the United States and the Philippines and only one allowed in Germany and Spain. Unlike prostitution, majorities support legalization of surrogacy and GKE in all four countries. There is not a simple relation between public support for markets, or bans, and their regulatory status.
Overcoming Rayleigh–Plateau instabilities: Stabilizing and destabilizing liquid-metal streams via electrochemical oxidation
Authors: Song Minyung , Kartawira Karin , Hillaire Keith D. , Li Cheng , Eaker Collin B. , Kiani Abolfazl , Daniels Karen E. , Dickey Michael D. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Liquid streams emerging from a nozzle break up rapidly into droplets due to Rayleigh–Plateau instabilities driven by surface tension. Liquid metals have enormous surface tension yet can be formed into stable cylindrical streams by applying an oxidizing potential to the metal as it is injected into an electrolyte at low velocities. The interfacial tension of a stream of liquid metal can be manipulated electrochemically in real time to produce a range of morphologies, including droplets, fine (100-μm diameter) wires, and rough shapes. The liquid wires can flow and bend without breaking over long distances. This phenomenon enables new approaches for production of metallic structures at room temperature, on-demand fluid-in-fluid structuring, and new tools for studying and controlling fluid behavior.
An ErbB2 splice variant lacking exon 16 drives lung carcinoma
Authors: Smith Harvey W. , Yang Lei , Ling Chen , Walsh Arlan , Martinez Victor D. , Boucher Jonathan , Zuo Dongmei , Sokol Ethan S. , Pavlick Dean C. , Frampton Garrett M. , Chmielecki Juliann , Jones Laura M. , Roux Philippe P. , Lockwood William W. , Muller William J. 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceLung cancers are frequently driven by well-characterized mutations in proto-oncogenes, includingERBB2. Evidence from other cancers demonstrates thatERBB2is also activated by alternative splicing that causes skipping of exon 16. Here, we find evidence for increasedERBB2alternative splicing in a subset of lung cancers and a range of other solid tumors, including deletions and previously undescribed mutations promoting exon 16 skipping. We show that the ERBB2 isoform lacking exon 16 transforms lung epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo, arguing that alternative splicing of ERBB2 is a mechanism promoting lung carcinogenesis. These findings extend our knowledge of lung cancer biology and may lead to improved patient stratification to facilitate future use of ERBB2-targeted therapies.
Timing social distancing to avert unmanageable COVID-19 hospital surges
Authors: Duque Daniel , Morton David P. , Singh Bismark , Du Zhanwei , Pasco Remy , Meyers Lauren Ancel 
Published: July 2020

Significance
How can we best mitigate future pandemic waves while limiting collateral economic damage? As COVID-19 social distancing measures are relaxed across the United States, temporary shelter-in-place orders triggered by monitoring local hospital admissions can minimize the number of days of disruption while preventing overwhelming healthcare surges. We develop a mathematical optimization model on top of an SEIR-style simulation model with age group, risk group, and temporal fidelity. This work has been in response to independent requests from the city of Austin, the state of Texas, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the White House Coronavirus Task Force to inform strategies for modulating social distancing policies.