bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylotranscriptomic Analyses Resolve Evolutionary History of Eremopyrum (Triticeae; Poaceae)
Authors: Fan Shu‐Qi , Yan Hao , Zhang Yue , Ma Xiao , Zhao Jun‐Ming , Zhang Hai‐Qin , Zhou Yong‐Hong , Fan Xing , Wen Yong‐Xian , Sha Li‐Na 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDisentangling the phylogenetic relationship of polyploid species is essential for understanding how such polyploid species evolved following their origin. To investigate the speciation and evolutionary history of Eremopyrum, we analyzed 36 transcriptomes from 9 polyploid accessions of Eremopyrum and 27 diploid taxa representing 12 basic genomes in Triticeae. Phylogenetic reconstruction, divergence time, and introgression event demonstrated that (1) Eremopyrum and Agropyron shared a common ancestor; (2) Eremopyrum has undergone ongoing evolutionary diversification since its origin in Late Miocene; (3) the diploid E. triticeum and E. distans were the genome donors of the tetraploid species of Eremopyrum; (4) both Eremopyrum and Agropyron contribute to the nonmonophyletic origin of tetraploid E. orientale via introgression events. Our results shed new light on our understanding of the diversity and ecological adaptation of the species in Eremopyrum.
Wintering Together: Do Migrants Impact Residents? A Literature Review
Authors: Navarro‐Velez Kimberly C. , Dhondt André A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTYear after year, billions of long‐distance migratory birds join year‐round resident tropical birds during the overwintering period (dry season in the northern tropics) marked by harsh environmental conditions. The overlapping habitat use and apparent resource overlap during this time suggest potential interspecific competition between residents and migrants. Previous studies have explored the effects of such competition on migrants, but the impact on residents has been neglected. This review critically evaluates and summarizes the findings in the literature about interactions between migratory and resident birds in tropical ecosystems, using the necessary and sufficient conditions recommended by Dhondt to assess interspecific competition. This review reveals that interspecific territoriality, consistent aggression (interference competition), and alterations in foraging behavior and microhabitat impacted resident birds. High dietary overlap observed in some species pairs suggests potential exploitation competition, although our understanding of year‐round residents' diets and the full scope of these interactions remains limited. The complexity of these relationships underscores the need for comprehensive research to disentangle seasonal effects from competitive pressures and to assess impacts on resident fitness, distribution, and abundance. Inconsistent methodologies and inadequate spatio‐temporal scales have hindered a clear understanding of this phenomenon. We emphasize the importance of long‐term studies, including observations before and after migrant arrival at wintering grounds, to detect shifts in resource availability and foraging niches. Given climate change's influence on migration patterns and food resources, elucidating these biotic interactions is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies for resident tropical avifauna. Particularly, as many resident birds exhibit high levels of endemism, higher sedentarism, and specialized foraging habits, they may be more vulnerable to ecological changes than migrants, who are more flexible, generally occupying broader foraging niches. This review highlights critical knowledge gaps and proposes directions for future research to enhance our understanding of migrant‐resident bird dynamics in tropical ecosystems.
Evaluation of the Low‐Carbon Rationalization of Regional Power Generation Based on an Improved C‐E‐G‐T Model
Authors: Yu Xiaobao , Zhao Wenjing , Song Gan , Jin Jialong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUnder the background of the “double carbon” goal, the green transformation of energy and power is a focus of current research. To understand the current situation and issues in the development of the power generation structure in different regions of China, an evaluation index system was constructed from four aspects: power‐social system availability, power‐economic system synergy, power‐environmental system sustainability, and power system stability. The low carbon rationality of the power generation structure in different regions was evaluated and comprehensive evaluation scores were calculated based on an improved C‐E‐G‐T model. The results of the study were as follows. (1) The low‐carbon rationality of power generation structure is better in the western region and worse in the central region. In particular, performance was consistently good in Qinghai, Yunnan, Ningxia, and other regions and was poor in Beijing, Shanghai, and other regions. (2) To ensure the reliability of the evaluation results and a high degree of differentiation, the optimal range of values for the α parameter was (0.3, 0.7) in this paper. This research lays a theoretical foundation for the optimization of the power generation structure in all regions of China.
Stimulus Selection Influences Prediction of Individual Phenotypes in Naturalistic Conditions
Authors: Li Xuan , Eickhoff Simon B. , Weis Susanne 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWhile the use of naturalistic stimuli such as movie clips for understanding individual differences and brain–behaviour relationships attracts increasing interest, the influence of stimulus selection remains largely unclear. By using machine learning to predict individual traits (phenotypes) from brain activity evoked during various movie clips, we show that different movie stimuli can result in distinct prediction performances. In brain regions related to lower‐level processing of the stimulus, prediction to a certain degree benefits from stronger synchronisation of brain activity across subjects. By contrast, better predictions in frontoparietal brain regions are mainly associated with larger inter‐subject variability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that while movie clips with rich social content in general achieve better predictions, the importance of specific movie features for prediction highly depends on the phenotype under investigation. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of careful stimulus selection and provide novel insights into stimulus selection for phenotype prediction in naturalistic conditions, opening new avenues for future research.
A Digital–Conventional Integrated Teaching Method Used in Preclinical Full Crown Preparation Courses: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ge Yanjun , Zhang Yi , An Na , Jiang Yong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPurpose/ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the digital–conventional integrated teaching method on prosthetics preclinically in full crown preparation courses.MethodsFifty‐eight undergraduate dental students were randomly divided into a conventional group (CG) and a digital–conventional integrated group (DG). The preclinical course was composed of two phases. In the first phase, students from both groups were trained in full crown preparation with the conventional teaching method. In the second phase, the students in the CG group were still trained with the conventional teaching method, whereas the students in the DG group practiced with a digital real‐time training and evaluation system. The crown preparation test was conducted after training. The reduction amount, margin, taper, undercuts, finishing status and protection of the adjacent tooth and gingiva were evaluated by senior experts. Crown preparations were also graded by a digital assessment system. Students’ opinions were investigated with questionnaires.ResultsThe differences between the scores for the CG and DG groups were not significant, as evaluated by experts (p = 0.398) and a digital assessment system (p = 0.075). The questionnaires response rate was 100%. The digital–conventional integrated teaching method had a significantly higher score for the preparation sequence (p = 0.002), according to the questionnaires. The conventional teaching method had significantly higher scores for efficiency (p < 0.001), posture (p = 0.010) and preference (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe digital–conventional integrated teaching method can achieve the same effect as the conventional teaching method in crown preparation training. It is beneficial for students to master the preparation sequence and is likely to be promising in preclinical full crown preparation courses.
Real‐time symptom monitoring using electronic patient‐reported outcomes: A prospective study protocol to improve safety during care transitions for patients with multiple chronic conditions
Authors: Plombon Savanna , Rudin Robert S. , Rodriguez Jorge , Garabedian Pamela , Lipsitz Stuart , Edelen Maria , Leeson Marie , Smith Madeline , Konieczny Kaitlyn , Dalal Anuj K. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionAdverse events (AEs) during transitions from hospitals to ambulatory settings occur in 19%–28% of cases, posing a significant threat to patient safety. Early screening for worrisome symptoms and deterioration in overall health is critical for older adult patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs). Clinically integrated apps that remotely monitor symptoms and collect patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) can predict AEs when combined with electronic health record (EHR) data. This innovative intervention may enable more timely detection, escalation, and mitigation of harm from AEs for patients with MCCs during transitions.MethodsThis remote monitoring intervention leverages evidence‐based frameworks for care transitions and health technologies. We will develop and validate a prediction model of postdischarge AEs using validated symptoms, PRO questionnaires, and EHR data. Existing digital infrastructure will be adapted to facilitate remote monitoring. We will employ a user‐centered approach to identify patient and clinician requirements to guide the design and development of our intervention. Interoperable data exchange standards and application programming interfaces will be utilized to integrate the intervention with vendor EHRs and patient portals. A randomized controlled trial will be conducted to compare the effect of our intervention versus usual care on postdischarge AEs in MCC patients transitioning from the hospital. A mixed‐methods evaluation will be performed to generate best practices for disseminating this intervention at institutions with different EHRs.DiscussionA patient‐centric, digitally enabled surveillance strategy that monitors symptoms and electronic PROs, educates patients about risks, and ensures communication with clinicians has the potential to transform care for patients with MCCs during transitions.
Preferences for HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis formulations and delivery among young African women: results of a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Dlamini Wendy W. , Mirembe Brenda G. , Krows Meighan L. , Peacock Sue , Kotze Philip L. , Selepe Pearl , Smit Jenni , Mandona Nelly , Louw Cheryl , Nuwagaba‐Biribonwoha Harriet , Omollo Victor O. , Zwane Zinhle , Panchia Ravindre , Mwelase Noluthando , Senne Melissa , Naidoo Logashvari , Chihana Rachel , Delany‐Moretlwe Sinead , Gill Katherine , MacDonald Pippa , van Heerden Alastair , Bosman Shannon , Peters Remco P. H. , du Preez Philip , Ward Amy , Celum Connie , Heffron Renee , Velloza Jennifer ,   for the INSIGHT Study Team
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionOral HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective, but adherence is challenging for young women. Products centred around women's preferences could address adherence barriers. Using a longitudinal discrete choice experiment (DCE), we examined young African women's preferences around PrEP product formulation and delivery attributes before and after initiating oral PrEP.MethodsWe enrolled HIV‐negative women from six African countries in a prospective cohort from August 2022 to June 2023. Women completed two DCEs on PrEP products and PrEP delivery. At enrolment and month 1, participants completed the DCE about PrEP products with 16 randomly assorted choice sets assessing product form and dosing, dose forgiveness, drug reversibility, weight change and antiretroviral or immune‐based mechanism attributes. At month 3, participants completed the DCE about PrEP delivery evaluating preferences related to location to collect doses, packaging, product storage, type of HIV test and costs. Preference weights (PW) were estimated with a hierarchical Bayesian model; higher positive numbers indicate greater preference for an attribute. Importance scores compare relative importance across the five attributes; higher scores indicate greater importance.ResultsTwo thousand eight hundred and forty‐seven women completed enrolment and month 1 DCEs; the median age was 24 years (range: 16–30) and 92.8% initiated daily oral PrEP. Product form and dosing was the most important attribute at enrolment and month 1. At enrolment, women preferred small oral pills taken monthly (preference weight [PW]: 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58−0.77), and at month 1, they preferred a 6‐monthly injection (PW: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.46−0.65). In the month 3 DCE, location was the most important PrEP delivery attribute with a strong preference for a youth‐friendly or non‐governmental organization (PW: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.19−0.30) or health facility (PW: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.17−0.25); mobile clinic or van was least preferred. The cost of the product was the second most important product delivery attribute.ConclusionsYoung African women preferred discreet, less frequently administered PrEP formulations, particularly after 1 month of taking daily oral PrEP. Long‐acting formulations are needed to meet women's preferences. Coupled with the preferred PrEP delivery location and cost, the highlighted PrEP product characteristics have the potential to increase PrEP uptake.
Trends and Variability of Temperatures in the Eastern Province of Rwanda
Authors: Rwema Michel , Safari Bonfils , Laine Marko , Sylla Mouhamadou Bamba , Roininen Lassi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates air temperature trends and variability over the Eastern Province of Rwanda and its derived near‐homogeneous zones for 1983–2021. Near‐homogeneous zones are obtained using the K‐means clustering method to classify annual long‐term means of rainfall and minimum, maximum and mean temperatures from 570 grid cells in the Eastern Province. Changes in monthly, seasonal and annual minimum, maximum, and mean temperatures are computed with a 95% confidence interval using a dynamic linear state‐space model. This model effectively captures temporal patterns by linking hidden states that evolve over time to observed measurements while accounting for random fluctuations. Additionally, temporal variability is assessed using standard deviation. In Eastern Rwanda, annual minimum and mean temperatures have risen to 2.95°C (confidence interval: [1.64–4.45]) and 1.87°C (confidence interval: [0.61–3.19]), respectively. A significant increase in seasonal minimum temperature is observed in all seasons, the June–July–August season presenting the highest value of 3.37 [1.75–4.81]°C. The seasonal mean and the annual maximum temperature have not significantly changed. Minimum temperature displays notable nonlinearity in its time‐varying trends, remaining relatively stable during 1990–2010 before experiencing a pronounced warming trend thereafter. Over the three identified zones (1. Northwestern, 2. Central and 3. Southeastern), a significant increase in seasonal and annual minimum temperature is observed in the Northwestern and Southeastern zones. The highest increases are in the Northwestern zone, June–July–August season having 4.07 [2.26–6.08]°C. The seasonal and annual minimum, maximum and mean temperatures vary relatively little, with a standard deviation of less than 1°C in all zones. The seasonal and annual minimum and mean temperature increase over the Northwestern zone is dominant over the Eastern Province. This study identifies climate change vulnerable areas in Eastern Rwanda, offering vital insights to guide policy and decision‐makers in supporting affected communities while enhancing resilience and informing future climate research.
Anuran carcass persistence on roads: causes and implications for conservation
Authors: Boyle Sean P. , Balsdon Mary , Newediuk Levi , Litzgus Jacqueline D. , Lesbarrères David 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRoads are pervasive and ubiquitous landscape features that have substantial and predominantly negative effects on wildlife. Conducting road surveys to count animals that have been struck and killed by vehicles is a common method for estimating the impact of roads on wildlife, especially for species at risk and animals with low road avoidance (i.e., herpetofauna). For road surveys to provide accurate animal mortality data, information about carcass persistence in different environmental contexts and in relation to survey frequency is necessary, but few studies have implemented these data into evaluations of road effects. Using road survey data collected in Ontario, Canada, in 2015 and survival analysis, we quantified anuran carcass (n = 91) persistence and determined the effects of carcass characteristics (size, species, condition), road characteristics (lane position, traffic volume), and environmental characteristics (precipitation, temperature) on carcass persistence on the road. Contrary to previous findings, we found that anuran carcasses persisted on roads longer than expected (5.5 ± 4.4 days, mean ± SD), with some carcasses persisting for up to 30 days. Temperature and precipitation had the greatest influence on the duration of anuran carcass persistence. Carcass condition, (i.e., intact versus partially intact carcasses), species, location on the road, and traffic volume had little to no effect on persistence. We recommend incorporating carcass persistence into road ecology studies, especially in the context of evaluating population‐level impacts of road mortality. Failure to do so could alter estimates of population viability and misinform management decisions.
Getting the Feeling? The Salience of Music Emotion with a Cochlear Implant
Authors: Friedmann David R. , Spitzer Emily , Horton Joshua , Jethanamest Daniel , Landsberger David 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveMusic, like all forms of art, seeks to communicate emotional content to its audience. The signal provided by cochlear implants (CI) does not faithfully represent the psychophysical relationships inherent in music; however, it is unknown whether targeted musical emotions are conveyed through electric only stimulation with a cochlear implant.MethodsTwenty musical excerpts for which there was concordance among normal hearing (NH) listeners as to the emotion conveyed: (1) happy, (2) sad, (3) scary, or (4) peaceful were presented to cochlear implant (CI) subjects (n = 20) and age‐matched NH controls (n = 8) through a specifically designed iPad application. The musical clips were original recordings of western music from various musical genres but not widely familiar to participants. Subjects also completed a music background questionnaire.ResultsCI users identified the target emotion in only 57% of excerpts compared with NH listeners who correctly identified the target emotion in 76.9% of excerpts. Musical excerpts with the target emotion of happy were recognized in 84% of cases by CI users compared with 75% among NH controls while the remaining target emotions were much more difficult for CI users compared with NH raters. Length of CI experience, speech perception scores, and musical training or listening habits did not correlate with performance on this task.ConclusionsCurrent CI technology and processing strategies do not convey the range of emotions conveyed in music as recognized by normal hearing subjects. This difficulty may explain the reported lack of interest many patients have in music after CI despite a passion for music before onset of hearing loss.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2025
On a conjecture on aCM and Ulrich sheaves on degeneracy loci
Authors: Benedetti Vladimiro , Tanturri Fabio 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this paper, we address a conjecture by Kleppe and Miró‐Roig stating that suitable twists by line bundles (on the smooth locus) of the exterior powers of the normal sheaf of a standard determinantal locus are arithmetically Cohen–Macaulay, and even Ulrich when the locus is linear determinantal. We do so by providing a very simple locally free resolution of such sheaves obtained through the so‐called Weyman's Geometric Method.
Thermo‐Physical Analyses of Palm Oil Based Polyurethane Coating
Authors: Mustapha Siti Noor Hidayah , Zamri Hannan , Roslan Rasidi , Zakaria Shamsul , Mustapha Rohani 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis research investigates the thermo‐physical properties of thiol‐ene UV curable palm oil urethane acrylate coating. Palm oil‐based polyurethane (EPOUA) oligomer is synthesized from epoxidized palm oil by acrylation and isocyanation process. Then, the oligomer is mixed with 1,2‐ethanedithiol (EDT) monomer and followed by di and tri‐acrylate monomers to initiate thiol‐ene reaction under UV radiation. The effect of different concentrations of EDT on the thermo‐physical performances of palm oil polyurethane coating is studied. The sample is characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotoscopy (FTIR) to confirm the chemical interaction of EDT with the EPOUA and other monomers. The sample is further analyzed on its microstructure, thermal and physical properties using X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), gel content, and water contact angle. The XRD results proved that the addition of higher EDT provides higher d‐spacing and peak intensity reflected to higher molar mass and higher crosslinking density is taking place. This finding is also in line with the DSC results as higher curing peak and total heat (J g−1) for curing observed at higher EDT concentration. The gel content and water contact angle also improve at higher amount of EDT resulting to a better crosslinking density and surface tension to the coating samples. The highest curing heat energy and gel content is at 2% thiol (0.42 J g−1 and 85% respectively), while 4% EDT shows the highest contact angle (101.3°).
Development of Bioactive Patches From Aloe Vera and Nata De Coco for Wound Dressing Applications
Authors: Kabeb Siti Maznah binti , Abu Samah Nurlin binti , Salim Nurjannah binti , Zulkifli Farah Hanani 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study focuses on the development and characterization of bioactive patches derived from Aloe Vera (AV) and Nata De Coco (NDC) for advanced wound dressing applications. Utilizing the solution casting method, biocomposite films are developed using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with varied bio‐filler content (2%−10%) w/w. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirms the miscibility and compatibility of PVA and bio‐fillers via intermolecular hydrogen bonding. PVA/NDC10 demonstrates the highest water‐holding capacity (WHC), exhibiting an increase from 157.17% (neat PVA) to 286.01%, resulting in an 82.0% enhancement. Conversely, increasing NDC content leads to a gradual decrease in tensile strength. Notably, the hybrid biocomposite film (PVA/AV/NDC) shows a significant 20.82% improvement in tensile strength, reaching 30.79 MPa. The study underscores the promise of AV and NDC bioactive patches for advanced wound dressing. Additionally, the hybrid approach shows synergistic improvements in water retention and mechanical strength, offering a comprehensive solution for effective wound management.