bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for Bio-flocculant Producing Bacterial Strains from Asa River in Ilorin Kwara State
Authors: Kolawole O.M. , Yahaya T.D. , Lawal A.R. , Okunade O.A. , Famuwagun O.O. , Agboola S.O. , Karunwi A.E. , Tagbo V. , Okedina Y.S. , Adepegba T.R. , Diallo A.S. , Suleiman M.M. , Ogah I.J , Anibijuwon I.I. , Adegoke A.A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Synthetic flocculants in water treatment have been reported to be detrimental to both human health and the environment. Thus, there is a constant search for bio-flocculants that is safe and addresses the effects of synthetic polymers. This study was aimed at isolating bacteria with bio-flocculating potential, their molecular identification and phylogenetic relatedness, and the optimization of their flocculating abilities from an open water (Asa River) in Ilorin Kwara State. The effect of carbon source (glucose, lactose and starch), cations (FeSO4, KCl and CaCl2) and pH (2 to 12) was evaluated on the bio-flocculating activities of the isolates using kaolin clay. The seven (7) novel (new strains) isolates with their respective accession number from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) after molecular confirmation are Pseudomonas otitidis MTK01 (MK263227), Aeromonas caviea MTK02 (MK263228), Providencia alcalifaciens MTK03 (MK263229), Providencia sp. MTK05 (MK263230), Alcaligenes sp. MTK06 (MK263231), Klebsiella pneumoniae MTK07 (MK263232) and Klebsiella sp. MTK08 (MK263233) while Raoultella ornithinolytica MTK04 was also identified. Phylogenetic tree of relatedness showed close kin of the isolates to established bacteria sequence deposited at the NCBI GenBank. Although the flocculating rate of each isolates varied with different parameters that was used in the study, glucose was the most supportive followed by lactose and starch, CaCl2 was most supportive cation followed by KCl and FeSO4 while pH 12, 6, 8, 10, 2 and 4 were the order of decreasing flocculating rate of the medium. This study has reported the presence of eight (8) bio-flocculating bacteria (out of which 7 are new strains of bacteria) in an open water which has been further optimized for effective flocculating rate and thus provides an ecofriendly and harmless flocculants source that can be employed in water treatment procedures.
Decision Making in Psychiatric Reform: A Case Study of the Czech Experience
Authors: Hudson Christopher G. , Dragomirecka Eva 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study examines the initial impact of a broadly participatory planning process in the Czech Republic during 2016–2017, aimed at both reducing inpatient care and expanding community mental health systems, on policy and programmatic decision making. A central focus of the study involves the trade-offs between and efforts to integrate shared decision making with evidence-based planning methods within the context of a national psychiatric reform strategy, particularly one involving a former Soviet bloc state.
Given the uniqueness of the Czech experience, an exploratory case study methodology is used, one involving ten interviews with key informants and examination of a wide variety of documents. Results include the development of broad new decision and oversight structures, and the initial implementation of community mental health services. The nation faces some of the same trade-offs found elsewhere, such as in the United States, between an inclusive participatory process, and one that systematically incorporates empirical rational and evidence and best practices within bounded parameters.
Implications for new psychiatric deinstitutionalization initiatives are identified, including development of a national mental health authority, a professional workforce, new funding strategies, multi-level service coordination, mechanisms to assure transparency, among others.
The fuzzy concept of collaborative governance: A systematic review of the state of the art
Authors: Batory Agnes , Svensson Sara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article contributes to the consolidation and synthesis of scholarship on collaborative governance by expanding our knowledge of how the term is used in the academic literature and policy documents in a range of European countries. It adds value to the existing reviews of the field by conducting a systematic literature review on a corpus of over 700 article abstracts and a traditional literature review identifying five key analytical dimensions. The article also provides an exploratory analysis of grey literature hitherto outside the purview of researchers and considers the linguistic and cultural connotations that alter the meaning of the term when translated into new contexts in ten EU/EFTA countries. Findings indicate heterogeneity and fuzziness in the way the concept is used. The article argues that explicit positions with respect to five main analytical dimensions and taking into account the national connotations that the term carries across political systems would inject more clarity into the academic discourse. This, in turn, will help policymakers to make informed use of the concept, especially in multi-national policy-making arenas.
Bee Pollen Extracts as Potential Antioxidants and Inhibitors of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Enzymes In Vitro Assessment
Authors: Daudu Oluremi M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of bee pollen. The phenol content of extracts was 1.43, 2.04, 2.10 and 1.79 mg gallic acid g-1, respectively. Total flavonoid content was 0.78, 1.39, 0.86 and 0.79 mg gallic acid g-1 respectively. Bee pollen extracts have the potential to scavenge free radicals and lower blood glucose due to the presence of phenols and flavonoids. The aqueous-ethanol extract had the lowest IC50 for HRS and TAC, 0.53mg/mL and 0.25mg/mL respectively, which depicts that this extract alleviates the destructive effect of hydroxyl radicals. Methanol extract had the lowest IC50 0.21 mg/mL) for DPPH inhibition, hence it was able to scavenge the DPPH radicals. Ethanol extract had the lowest IC50 (0.04 mg/mL) for 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid inhibition, hence it can protect living cells from ABTS cations. The aqueous-ethanol extract displayed higher inhibition of α-amylase (4.51 mg/mL) while the aqueous extract exhibited a higher inhibition of α-glucosidase (0.60 mg/mL), which slows down the breakdown of disaccharides and reduces sugar buildup in the bloodstream. Bee pollen has potential antioxidative and antidiabetic activity.
Toxic Megacolon – the Complication of an Infection with Clostridium difficile after an Odontogenic Abscess. Case Presentation
Authors: Suciu Nicolae , Benedek Zalán , Sorlea Sorin , Coroș Marius Florin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background:
Clostridium difficile (CD) is the major cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated infections, having as main manifestation diarrhea and life-threatening inflammation of the colon. Surgery may be necessary in up to 80% of patients due to the frequent complications associated with this condition. The mortality rate of this devastating disease could reach 50% even after proper treatment.

Case report: We report a case of a 24-year-old female who was admitted with clinical signs of an odontal inflammatory process. After repeated surgical treatments and antibiotic therapy, she presented acute abdominal pain on the 14th postoperative day. The explorative laparotomy was negative. Clostridium difficile was isolated from her stool, and she was transferred to the Department of Infectious Diseases. After a few days without any favorable clinical outcome, she was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU), where she developed acute respiratory distress syndrome. Despite the immediate surgical intervention and ICU care, she died within 15 days after admission.

Conclusions: CD infection is considered a complication of antibiotic treatment, having as main cause the combination of fluoroquinolones with antisecretory drugs. In the first phase, the changes of the colon can be minimal with the manifestation of a false acute surgical abdomen, but toxic colon can develop in evolution, leading to multi-system organ failure and death.
Study of Electrical Properties of Bistable Smectic-A Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Maltisovs M. , Pikulins D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Bistable smectic-A (SmA) liquid crystal display (LCD) is one of the most promising devices for smart glass applications due to long-term bistability, low haze at clear state, low transmittance at scatter state and low power consumption. The need of a good simulation model for an LCD becomes apparent during the design of driving system. Liquid crystal (LC) capacitance is critical in the simulation of LCD pixels and is voltage dependent due to the crystal characteristics. Bistable smectic-A LC capacitance model is introduced in the paper. The study describes the most relevant conclusions obtained from the measurements of electric properties of bistable SmA LCD samples and electric equivalent circuit characterization.
Noise Immunity of the Fibonacci Counter with the Fractal Decoder Device for Telecommunication Systems
Authors: Matsenko S. , Borysenko O. , Spolitis S. , Bobrovs V. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the improved method of noise immune Fibonacci counting in the minimal form of representation. The method was tested and investigated in the developed noise immune pulse counter based on a minimal form of Fibonacci code with a fractal decoding device. The proposed device, which is simulated in the NI Multisim software, possesses a homogenous structure, increased noise immunity, performance and detection of bit errors in the process of its operation.
Bicycle Level of Service Model for the Cycloruta, Bogota, Colombia
Authors: Okon Inah Eteng , Moreno Carlos A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Segment videos were produced at different peaks to reflect different sampling criteria like land use characteristics, trails, Ciclocarrils and Ciclovia. Each segment was filmed for 20–40 seconds during bicycle rides at a speed of about 5km/h with a camera strapped, at an angle of 45 degrees, on the head. Curb lane variables such as bicycle pathway widths, curb lane motorised volume (veh/h) and vehicle speed (km/h), bicycle volume on segment, and median width were recorded in addition to secondary data. About 1,360 ratings were acquired from study participants and used in the estimation process. Ordered probability models were used to estimate random parameters of cyclists LOS perception to account for unobserved heterogeneity for all respondents. The deviance (1.085) and Pearson Chi-Square (2.309) with 1,635 degree of freedom at 0.05 level of significance shows that our model provides a better fit of the data. The study observed that BLOS was strongly influenced by side path separation, vehicle speed, motorised traffic volume and conflicts with pedestrians. However, many other factors were found to have high probabilities to influence level of service with unit change. They include bicycle lane width, wide outside lane, pavement conditions, trees and benches, daylight, gender and experience of cyclist. The impact of the variety of observed factors affecting bicyclists reveal the nature and character of urban transportation in Bogota which suggests a range of important trade-offs in further planning and management of the Cicloruta bicycle paths.
Assessment of Traffic Noise Pollution Due to Urban Residential Road Transport
Authors: Lezhneva Elena , Vakulenko Katerina , Galkin Andrii 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The problem of combating urban noise is closely linked to the rational transformation of the urban environment, which must go through the elimination or reduction of the number of sources of noise, the localization of the noise emission zone, reducing the level of sound sources and protection against noise for the residential areas. Theoretical and experimental studies of acoustic loading on the territory along the highway for the typical section of the urban territory have been conducted. To estimate the complex noise impact from all sources and from individual sources, as well as to predict the total noise exposure for this site, a noise map was constructed using software. As a measure to combat traffic noise in the territory along the highway, the location of the noise protection screen was justified, taking into account the loss of part of the national income as a result of the continuous impact of noise on a person.The results of the research allow to assess the degree of technogenic impact of noise pollution during the operation of the highway, which allows regulating, by administrative and legislative methods, the nature of the impact on natural objects and human health of certain types of activities, as well as reasonably proposing measures that ensure environmental safety when organizing urban streets traffic.
Effect of an oat extract on oxidizing Stress and antioxidant defense in male rats with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Haidar Alsaedi  , Reem abdul Raheem Mirdan alsaad  , Huda Raheem Hashim  
Published: November 2019

The strong n-butanol extract of oats (Avena sativa) seed was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats to improve lipid peroxidation and inhibitor standing. Four teams, NDM, and three diabetic teams were allocated thirty-two male rats. Diabetes was caused by injection- streptozotocin (60 mg / kg B.w., i.p. Two hundred mg/deal of blood sugar rodents was used as a diabetic. Diabetes groups (G2, G3, and G4) were trained to extract n-butanol (60 mg / metric unit weight, B.w.) or twenty-one days of endocrine injection (4 IU / animal). Weight gain was reported on the 22nd day. Fluids were collected for knockout cells to judge glucose concentrations and subcellular of aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, catalase, biochemical dismutase (SOD), glutathione - transferase, reductase, malondialdehyde and glutathione reductase (Gr) concentrations. Diabetes rat (G2) showed a significant increase in glucose. The weight gain increased in the ALT, SOD, CAT, GSH-transferase But there decreased GSH enzyme and old AST. Treatment of N-butanol extract from oats (G3) or endocrine (G4) varied between old glucose, weight gain and normalization of all supermolecule inhibitors. Finally, n- Butanol from oatmeal has a strong role in lowering hyperglycemia and as an antioxidant
ELUSIVE PEACE AND THE IMPACT OF UNGOVERNED SPACE IN THE SAHEL CONFLICT
Authors: NYADERA İsrael Nyaburi , MASSAOUD M. Hamani 
Published: November 2019

The Sahel region has become synonymous with violence
over the last three decades. Poverty, rapid population growth, food insecurity,
climate change, human trafficking, migration, and poor governance have
dominated the literature on the causes of instability in a region also referred
to as ‘the corridor of conflict. Of concern has been the rapid increase in
terror-related attacks as well as violent extremism. According to the Global
Terrorism Index ranking, Mali, Niger, and Chad, as well as the neighboring
Libya and Nigeria, are among the top 30 countries affected by terrorism. This
paper seeks to examine the instability in the Sahel through the ungoverned
space theory lenses. It interogates the evolution of the crisis, and the
relationship between the ungoverned spaces in the region and the unending conflict.
It argues that years of systematic marginalization and ineffective
administration have created pockets of ungoverned territories which are being
exploited by armed groups. Based on the findings, this paper recommends a
multidimensional approach that combines military, social and economic reforms, as well as inclusivity in proportional means to
achieve peace and stability in the region
Efektivitas Air Perasan Daun Lidah Buaya (Aloe Vera) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Trichophyton Rubrum Dengan Metode Dillution Test
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto , Kuswiyanto Kuswiyanto , Nurhayati Etiek 
Published: November 2019

Abstract: This research goals to identify the effect of inhibitory potency in Aloe vera to fungi colonies Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans growth. Samples was scraped Aloe vera leaves which formed into jelly, that considered as 100% concentration (v/v), jelly was made into different concentrations, e.g 10%, 15%,20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% dan 60% v/v. Furthermore, it observed by the difference between those concentrations in inhibiting fungi colonies growth )Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans). Method used in this study was Dillution Test for identifying fungi colonies growth )Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans). The results reported in percentage of inhibited fungi colonies. In addition, it examined then by using Anova Test to make sure whether there was a difference or not between various concentration in inhibiting fungi colonies beefing up. Based on study, it is known that Aloe vera jelly was able to constrain fungi (Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans) improvement, but it could not capable to kill those fungi perfectly. Statistically, it can be seen that Aloe vera jelly was quite able to inhibit the growth of fungi colonies (Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albican) with significance value P = 0,997 (P > 0,05).Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh daya hambat jeli lidah buaya (Aloe vera) terhadap pertumbuhan koloni jamur Trichophyton rubrum dan Candida albicans. Sampel berasal dari daging daun lidah buaya yang dikerok berupa jeli, yang konsentrasinya dianggap 100%(v/v), jeli dibuat variasi konsentrasi yaitu 10%, 15%,20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55% dan 60% v/v). Kemudian dilihat perbedaan antara konsentrasi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan koloni jamur Trichophyton rubrum dan Candida albicans. Metode pada penelitian ini menggunakan Dillution Test terhadap pertumbuhan koloni jamur Trichophyton rubrum dan Candida albicans. Hasil penelitian berupa persentase jumlah koloni jamur yang dihambat. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan uji anava untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara konsentrasi perlakuan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan koloni jamur. Berdasarkan dari penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa jeli lidah buaya mampu menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Trichophyton rubrum dan Candida albicans tetapi tidak sampai membunuh dengan sempurna. Namun secara stastisik jeli lidah buaya dapat menghambat pertumbuhan koloni jamur Trichophyton rubrum dan Candida albican dengan nilai signifikansi P = 0,997 (P > 0,05).
Pilot study of office employee informational mental workload
Authors: Zuev A. V. , Nekrasova M. M. , Vasiyleva T. N. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction. Development of methodical base of information hygiene, systematization of data on levels of information loadings and degree of their influence on working conditions of workers is actual.The purpose of the study was to measure and evaluate the levels of information mental load of office workers, to study the patterns of development of adverse functional States in this professional group.Materials and methods. The pilot study included 25 employees of scientific and educational institutions aged 25 to 65 years. Measurement of information mental load of workers was carried out on the basis of a point assessment. Psychodiagnostics of performance of participants of research was carried out by means of a package of standard techniques. Heart rate telemetry was carried out in employees in the conditions of professional activity.Results. The integral indicator of information mental load of the studied professional group was 37.3±7.2 points and was in direct connection with the coefficient of comfort of the workplace (r=0.5, p=0.01). A reliable dependence of the speed of information processing on the length of work experience (r=0.71, p=0.0001) was also established. In the low-stress group, high indices of stress, fatigue, monotony were recorded in the workers, in the senior group — signs of chronic fatigue. The employees during the shift registered an increase in sympathetic activation.Conclusions. The results of the psychophysiological survey of employees indicate the need to regulate the information load, the development and implementation of preventive measures to reduce professional stress.
Modeling Tumor Heterogeneity in Bladder Cancer: The Current State of the Field and Future Needs
Authors: Seyer Amanda K. , Lehman Heather L. , DeGraff David J. 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND: Tumor heterogeneity has been recognized in many cancer types for decades. However, the significance of tumor heterogeneity on disease course and clinical outcome in bladder cancer is of more recent interest to researchers and clinicians. This is especially true as morphologic and molecular heterogeneity has the potential to confound accurate diagnosis, efficient prognostication, and subsequent clinical management. While this is true, it is not always clear what laboratory models are available or suitable for the study of these important clinical phenomena. OBJECTIVE: To review in vitro and in vivo laboratory models for the study of morphologic and molecular tumor heterogeneity in bladder cancer. METHODS: We undertook a review of PubMed with a focus on identifying suitable models for the study of tumor heterogeneity in bladder cancer. RESULTS: We provide a review of common in vivo (genetically engineered mice and patient-derived xenografts) and in vitro (established cell lines and organoid systems) models and discuss their utility in the study of morphologic and molecular tumor heterogeneity in bladder cancer. CONCLUSION: Genetically engineered mouse models and patient-derived xenografts provide complementary approaches for the study of tumor heterogeneity in bladder cancer. In addition, cell culture-based systems provide a system amenable to genetic manipulation and mechanistic studies, while organoid systems bridge the gap between in vivo and in vitro systems. However, the availability of models to study molecular heterogeneity is limited, partly because of a relative lack of molecular characterization of available models. In summary, while models for the study of specific subsets of morphologic heterogeneity are available, more models are required for studies of molecular heterogeneity. This shortcoming could be partially addressed by more comprehensively characterizing currently available model systems. In addition, each system/approach has advantages and disadvantages, and care should be taken when selecting a given model.