bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Germline pathogenic variant spectrum in 25 cancer susceptibility genes in Turkish breast and colorectal cancer patients and elderly controls
Authors: Akcay Izzet Mehmet , Celik Elifnaz , Agaoglu Nihat Bugra , Alkurt Gizem , Kizilboga Akgun Tugba , Yildiz Jale , Enc Feruze , Kir Gozde , Canbek Sezin , Kilic Ali , Zemheri Ebru , Ezberci Fikret , Ozcelik Melike , Dinler Doganay Gizem , Doganay Levent 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInherited pathogenic variants account for 5% to 10% of all breast cancer (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. Here, we sought to profile the pathogenic variants in 25 cancer susceptibility genes in Turkish population. Germline pathogenic variants were screened in 732 BC patients, 189 CRC patients and 490 cancer‐free elderly controls, using next‐generation sequencing‐based multigene panel testing and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification testing. Pathogenic variants were detected in 17.2% of high‐risk BC patients and 26.4% of high‐risk CRC patients. More than 95% of these variants were clinically actionable. BRCA1/2 and mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6) accounted for two‐thirds of all pathogenic variants detected in high‐risk BC and CRC patients, respectively. Pathogenic variants in PALB2, CHEK2, ATM and TP53 were also prevalent in high‐risk BC patients (4.5%). BRCA1 exons 17‐18 deletion and CHEK2 c.592+3A>T were the most common variants predisposing to BC, and they are likely to be founder variants. Three frequent MUTYH pathogenic variants (c.884C>T, c.1437_1439delGGA and c.1187G>A) were responsible for all MUTYH biallelic cases (4.4% of high‐risk CRC patients). The total pathogenic variant frequency was very low in controls (2.4%) and in low‐risk BC (3.9%) and CRC (6.1%) patients. Our study depicts the pathogenic variant spectrum and prevalence in Turkish BC and CRC patients, guiding clinicians and health authorities for genetic testing applications and variant classification in Turkish population.
Attachment and stress regulation in socioeconomically disadvantaged children: Can public childcare compensate?
Authors: Eckstein‐Madry Tina , Piskernik Bernhard , Ahnert Lieselotte 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChildren growing up in families experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage (SED) are at greater risk for deficits in attachment and stress regulation as compared to peers in families with more socioeconomic resources. The present study hypothesized that care providers in out‐of‐home care might help these children to compensate. We therefore investigated 60 children (n = 30 from SED, n = 30 matched counterparts from middle class) and assessed children's Attachment Q‐Sort (AQS) toward the mother and the primary care provider in childcare centers. Moreover, children's diurnal cortisol rhythm was measured based on 12 saliva samples taken across three days a week.The disadvantaged children showed lower AQS scores with their mothers than their care providers. Compared to their counterparts, disadvantaged children also displayed heightened cortisol release and flatter cortisol profiles reflecting overall high hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical activities and lower capacities to regulate stress. Most notably however, multilevel path modeling linked higher care provider AQS scores to decreasing cortisol release throughout the week.
Progress in wearable electronics/photonics—Moving toward the era of artificial intelligence and internet of things
Authors: Shi Qiongfeng , Dong Bowei , He Tianyiyi , Sun Zhongda , Zhu Jianxiong , Zhang Zixuan , Lee Chengkuo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe past few years have witnessed the significant impacts of wearable electronics/photonics on various aspects of our daily life, for example, healthcare monitoring and treatment, ambient monitoring, soft robotics, prosthetics, flexible display, communication, human‐machine interactions, and so on. According to the development in recent years, the next‐generation wearable electronics and photonics are advancing rapidly toward the era of artificial intelligence (AI) and internet of things (IoT), to achieve a higher level of comfort, convenience, connection, and intelligence. Herein, this review provides an opportune overview of the recent progress in wearable electronics, photonics, and systems, in terms of emerging materials, transducing mechanisms, structural configurations, applications, and their further integration with other technologies. First, development of general wearable electronics and photonics is summarized for the applications of physical sensing, chemical sensing, human‐machine interaction, display, communication, and so on. Then self‐sustainable wearable electronics/photonics and systems are discussed based on system integration with energy harvesting and storage technologies. Next, technology fusion of wearable systems and AI is reviewed, showing the emergence and rapid development of intelligent/smart systems. In the last section of this review, perspectives about the future development trends of the next‐generation wearable electronics/photonics are provided, that is, toward multifunctional, self‐sustainable, and intelligent wearable systems in the AI/IoT era.image
Pro‐inflammatory role of cell‐free mitochondrial DNA in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Nie Shu , Lu Junying , Wang Lina , Gao Man 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of CVD. Circulating cell‐free mitochondrial DNA (ccf‐mtDNA) is that mtDNA fragments are released outside the cell and into the circulation by cell necrosis and secretion. The levels of ccf‐mtDNA are increased in CVD and associated risk conditions, including hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension. MtDNA containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides and can trigger inflammation that aggravates tissue injury by activating toll‐like receptor 9, inflammasomes, and the stimulator of interferon genes pathway. Here, we review the expanding field of ccf‐mtDNA‐mediated inflammation and its role in the progression of CVD.
Theoretical study on endocrine disrupting effects of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins using molecular docking simulation
Authors: Akinola Lukman K. , Uzairu Adamu , Shallangwa Gideon A. , Abechi Stephen E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs) are hypothesized to exert their toxic effects in wildlife and humans via endocrine disruption. However, very scanty information is available on the underlying molecular interactions that trigger this disruption. In this study, molecular docking simulation was used to predict the susceptibility of 12 nuclear receptors to disruption via PCDD bindings. Findings revealed that androgen (AR and AR an), estrogen (ER α and ER β), glucocorticoid (GR) and thyroid hormone (TR α and TR β) receptors are the most probable protein targets that bind to PCDDs. Further molecular docking analyses showed that PCDD molecules mimic the modes of interaction observed for the co‐crystallized ligands of the affected receptors, resulting in the formation of ligand‐receptor complexes that were stabilized through electrostatic, van der Waals, pi‐effect and hydrophobic interactions with 18, 17, 17, 16, 18, eight and four amino acid residues in the active sites of AR, AR an, ER α, ER β, GR, TR α and TR β respectively. The commonalities of these interacting amino acid residues with those utilized by dihydrotestosterone in AR, bicalutamide in AR an, 17β‐estradiol in ER α, 17β‐estradiol in ER β, cortisol in GR, thyromimetic GC‐1 in TR α and thyromimetic GC‐1 in TR β are 86%, 74%, 94%, 80%, 82%, 50% and 43% respectively. The results obtained in this study provide supporting evidence that PCDD molecules may interfere with the endocrine system via binding interactions with some vital amino acid residues in the binding pockets of AR, ERs, GRs and TRs.
Investigating the feasibility of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy for in‐vivo monitoring of bone healing in rat calvarial defect models
Authors: Dooley Max , McLaren Jane , Rose Felicity R. A. J. , Notingher Ioan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA wide range of biomaterials and tissue‐engineered scaffolds are being investigated to support and stimulate bone healing in animal models. Using phantoms and rat cadavers, we investigated the feasibility of using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) to monitor changes in collagen concentration at levels similar to those expected to occur in vivo during bone regeneration (0‐0.84 g/cm3). A partial least squares (PLS) regression model was developed to quantify collagen concentration in plugs consisting of mixtures or collagen and hydroxyapatite (predictive power of ±0.16 g/cm3). The PLS model was then applied on SORS spectra acquired from rat cadavers after implanting the collagen: hydroxyapatite plugs in drilled skull defects. The PLS model successfully predicting the profile of collagen concentration, but with an increased predictive error of ±0.30 g/cm3. These results demonstrate the potential of SORS to quantify collagen concentrations, in the range relevant to those occurring during new bone formation.
Development and characterization of portable smartphone‐based imaging device
Authors: Banik Soumyabrata , Mahato Krishna K. , Antonini Andrea , Mazumder Nirmal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany diseases in rural areas and developing countries are detected late at an advanced stage when treatment might involve complications and higher cost, resulting in a greater number of fatalities. This study aims to make early disease detection simpler and affordable for people living in remote areas and developing countries. A new age optical microscope with high sensitivity diagnosis can revolutionize this gap in disease detection. Here, a smartphone‐based imaging device (SID) using optics and a smartphone interface was developed to speedup the process of diagnosis in areas that do not have easy access to health centers and diagnostic clinics. The device was built using acrylic sheets to make it less bulky and customizable and three‐dimensional (3D) printed mechanical parts were used to increase stability. The study includes calibration, and testing the device with various samples to determine its capabilities. Images were acquired using the various types of BLIPS lens integrated onto the smartphone camera lens and compared with optical microscope images. The device can visualize single human blood cell which is 8 μm in size using ultra‐BLIPS lens and magnification is comparable to an objective lens used in an optical microscope.
Systematic importance of achene macro‐micromorphological characteristics in selected species of the genera Crupina, Jurinea, and Klasea (Asteraceae) from Turkey
Authors: Bona Mehmet 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on the macro‐micromorphological achene characteristics of 12 species of the genera Crupina, Jurinea, and Klasea (Asteraceae) using light microscopy and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphological characteristics of the achenes, including shape, size, color, and surface pattern of achene, and hair structure, length, and color of pappus are studied. The results show that the achene length is between 3 and 8 mm, and its width is between 1 and 4 mm. Pappus is 4–15 mm long and persistent for seven species. SEM analysis shows four different achene surface patterns for the studied species: smooth, undulate, smooth‐undulate, and undulate‐ruminate. The genus Crupina has darkly colored achenes with yellow, dense firm hairs, and the achene surface pattern is smooth. Triangular and sulcate achenes seem to characteristic for the genus Jurinea. The genus Klasea distinguished from the remaining species studied with its straw‐colored and deciduous pappus. Macro‐micromorphological characteristics provide effective tools for both generic and intrageneric differentiation for the studied species.
Expanding the chemical space: Discovery of new anticancer 3‐arylbenzofuran derivatives
Authors: Kim Jinhwang , Cha Hyeon‐Min , Park Mikyung , Singh Dileep K. , Bae Gi H. , Kim Seong H. , Kim Ikyon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new chemical space was generated via C2‐functionalization of 3‐arylbenzofurans. Mannich reaction of 3‐arylbenzofurans with secondary amines and formaldehyde allowed for installation of aminomethyl unit at C2 position of benzofurans. A formyl group at C2 site introduced as a result of Vilsmeier‐Haack formylation of 3‐arylbenzofurans was employed as a reacting partner for three‐component Kabachnik‐Fields reaction with various amines and triethyl phosphite to give a wide variety of aminomethylphosphonates. Furthermore, several benzo[d]oxazoles and pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxalines were prepared by using the formyl group. Biological screening of the synthesized compounds revealed that the benzofuran bearing a pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline moiety (5b) most potently inhibited the viability of human blood cancer cells, but not solid tumor cells. Caspase activity assay, analysis of Annexin V‐positive cells, and Western blot analysis indicated that 5b‐induced death of human lymphoma U937 cells could result from its potential to induce the caspase‐dependent apoptotic death of blood cancer cells with inhibition of ERK activation.
PEPFAR’s response to the convergence of the HIV and COVID‐19 pandemics in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Golin Rachel , Godfrey Catherine , Firth Jacqueline , Lee Lana , Minior Thomas , Phelps B Ryan , Raizes Elliot G , Ake Julie A , Siberry George K 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic reached the African continent in less than three months from when the first cases were reported from mainland China. As COVID‐19 preparedness and response plans were rapidly instituted across sub‐Saharan Africa, many governments and donor organizations braced themselves for the unknown impact the COVID‐19 pandemic would have in under‐resourced settings with high burdens of PLHIV. The potential negative impact of COVID‐19 in these countries is uncertain, but is estimated to contribute both directly and indirectly to the morbidity and mortality of PLHIV, requiring countries to leverage existing HIV care systems to propel COVID‐19 responses, while safeguarding PLHIV and HIV programme gains. In anticipation of COVID‐19‐related disruptions, PEPFAR promptly established guidance to rapidly adapt HIV programmes to maintain essential HIV services while protecting recipients of care and staff from COVID‐19. This commentary reviews PEPFAR’s COVID‐19 technical guidance and provides country‐specific examples of programme adaptions in sub‐Saharan Africa.DiscussionThe COVID‐19 pandemic may pose significant risks to the continuity of HIV services, especially in countries with high HIV prevalence and weak and over‐burdened health systems. Although there is currently limited understanding of how COVID‐19 affects PLHIV, it is imperative that public health systems and academic centres monitor the impact of COVID‐19 on PLHIV. The general principles of the HIV programme adaptation guidance from PEPFAR prioritize protecting the gains in the HIV response while minimizing in‐person home and facility visits and other direct contact when COVID‐19 control measures are in effect. PEPFAR‐supported clinical, laboratory, supply chain, community and data reporting systems can play an important role in mitigating the impact of COVID‐19 in sub‐Saharan Africa.ConclusionsAs community transmission of COVID‐19 continues and the number of country cases rise, fragile health systems may be strained. Utilizing the adaptive, data‐driven programme approaches in facilities and communities established and supported by PEPFAR provides the opportunity to strengthen the COVID‐19 response while protecting the immense gains spanning HIV prevention, testing and treatment reached thus far.
Increased severe landfall typhoons in China since 2004
Authors: Yao Cai , Xiao Zhixiang , Yang Song , Luo Xiaoli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSevere landfall typhoons (SLTYs), defined as those with maximum sustained wind speed ≥41.5 m s−1 at landfalls, strongly affect the coastal regions of China and cause grave losses of life and property. In this study, we analyse the SLTYs in China in peak summer (July–September) for the period of 1973–2017, during which typhoon landfall intensity (LFI) experienced significantly abrupt strengthening in 1987 and 2003. The period is divided into three sub‐periods: period‐I (1973–1987), period‐II (1988–2003), and period‐III (2004–2017). It is found that the increase in LFI is dominated by the enhancement of intensification rate but not intensification duration. Meanwhile, the SLTYs in China have also abruptly increased since 2004, characterized by the count of about 65.9% (72.7%) of SLTYs in China (South China) in period‐III. Further analysis shows that the warming subsurface ocean heat content (OHC) over the northern South China Sea (SCS) plays a key role in modulating typhoon's intensification, which subsequently enhances the easterly steering flow leading typhoons to move westward. Low‐level water vapour convergence and vorticity are enhanced accompanied by warming northern SCS along the coastal region of southeastern China, resulting rapid typhoon intensification before landfall. About 9.7% of typhoons with landfall in South China experienced a rapid intensification process in 24 hr before landfalls in period‐III. However, the percentage is only 1.6 and 3.1% for period‐I and period‐II, respectively. The warming land surface over South China plays a minor role in attracting typhoons to landfall in South China, which named as “warmward landfall”. Overall, the abrupt enhancement of LFI and more SLTYs in China since 2004 are governed by the warming ocean, while the abnormal easterly steering flow and warming land surface over South China leading typhoons to move westward play a secondary role.
Single‐beam optogenetic multimodal χ(3)/χ(5) nonlinear microscopy and brain imaging
Authors: Lanin Aleksandr A. , Chebotarev Artem S. , Pochechuev Matvey S. , Kelmanson Ilya V. , Kotova Daria A. , Bilan Dmitry S. , Ivanov Anatoly A. , Panova Anastasiya S. , Tarabykin Viktor S. , Fedotov Andrei B. , Belousov Vsevolod V. , Zheltikov Aleksei M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate single‐beam optogenetic multimodal nonlinear‐optical microscopy that combines third‐harmonic generation (THG) and three‐photon‐excited fluorescence (3PEF) – two nonlinear‐optical processes related to the third‐ and fifth‐order susceptibilities, χ(3) and χ(5). A carefully tailored unamplified short‐pulse output of mode‐locked solid‐state lasers is shown to provide an ample parameter space for the optimization of such a single‐beam multimodal microscopy, enabling subcellular‐resolution, cell‐specific imaging using genetically encoded fluorescent‐protein‐based reporters in a vast variety of biological systems and settings, ranging from HeLa to brain cells. Experiments on brain slices and cell cultures presented in this paper demonstrate the potential of short‐pulse 3PEF/THG microscopy for a subcellular‐resolution, high‐contrast imaging of HeLa‐line cancer‐cell derivatives, as well as mitochondrial and somatic intracellular structures within deep‐brain neurons and astrocytes. As a step beyond the state of the art in optical brain imaging, single‐beam subcellular‐resolution, cell‐specific optogenetic 3PEF/THG imaging of fundamental functional brain units is experimentally demonstrated. One fundamental question that this work brings up for the future nonlinear absorption and Raman/hyper‐Raman studies is whether the Herzberg–Teller corrections, needed for an accurate description of two‐photon absorption in fluorescent proteins (FPs), would be also sufficient for an adequate treatment of higher‐n n‐photon absorption in FP‐based systems or models that include other quantum pathways would be necessary for the analysis of FP agents for higher‐n nonlinear microscopy.
Spectroscopic characterization of commercial pigments for pictorial retouching
Authors: Corradini Martina , de Ferri Lavinia , Pojana Giulio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA set of 27 commercially available pigments by Kremer Pigmente (Aichstetten, Germany), including traditional and synthetic compounds, has been characterized in detail from a chemical and mineralogical point of view in the frame of a wide research project about pigments and colorants involving different spectroscopic techniques such as reflectance spectroscopy (in both visible and near‐infrared intervals), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (in both attenuated total reflection and reflection modes), and Raman spectroscopy. These pigments are currently employed for pictorial retouch purposes of both ancient and contemporary works of art, and a deep comprehension of their composition is fundamental in order to better understand their long‐term behavior after application.This work presents Raman results found analyzing the set of pigments in order to identify existing phases and comparing them with datasheets available by Kremer Pigmente: some inconsistencies were found, especially concerning correspondences with Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) numbers, pigment codes, and color indexes, together with the absence of some compounds in the records.Most Raman signals were attributed to specific vibrational modes, even if in some cases, only related chemical species were identified, whereas information regarding individual vibrational modes was not found in the literature. The whole volume of data generated in this project will represent a useful tool for the study of artworks permitting both the interpretation of spectral information obtainable mostly from portable instruments and for the evaluation of materials to be used for pictorial retouching.
Effects on must and wine volatile composition after biostimulation with a brown alga to Tempranillo grapevines in two seasons
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Gamboa Gastón , Garde‐Cerdán Teresa , Rubio‐Bretón Pilar , Pérez‐Álvarez Eva P 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeaweed application has been defined as a novel technique capable of improving the content of secondary metabolites in berries. There is limited available information about its effects on must and wine volatile composition. This field trial aimed to study the effects of biostimulation to Tempranillo grapevines through an Ascophyllum nodosum fertilizer applied at a low dosage (Ld) and high dosage (Hd) on must and wine volatile compounds over two seasons.RESULTSLd treatment scarcely affected must and wine volatile compounds in both seasons. Hd foliar application increased the content in musts of several individual terpenoids, C13 norisoprenoids, esters, benzenoids, alcohols, carbonyl compounds and C6 compounds in 2018. Must yeast assimilable nitrogen conditioned the production of wine volatile compounds.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that seaweeds applications can act as elicitors in Tempranillo, triggering the synthesis of several compounds by the plant in musts during a season with a high rainfall and relative humidity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry