bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Subacute Subdural Hematoma in a 67-Year-Old Female with Late Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Morgan Paul Marcel 
Published: November 2019

Background: Chronic Subdural Hematoma (CSDH) is becoming an urgent public health issue due to an increase of incidence in aging populations like Taiwan. Though trauma still stands as the primary mechanism of CSDH, it is often overlooked in the elderly, especially those with mid-to-late stage Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Coincidentally, the clinical presentation of mid-to-late stage AD shares significant overlap with CSDH. AD creates an immense challenge for physicians and family members to identify early signs of CSDH.
The Case: We report a peculiar case of a 67-year-old female with a history of AD who presents to the Emergency room in Belmopan City, Belize, with recurrent CSDH. On admission her consciousness was disturbed and late stage dementia presented an enormous challenge for logical and meaningful history taking. Axial non-contrast computed tomography showed a crescent-shaped isodense subdural hematoma in the left hemisphere of the parietal lobe. She was stabilized and treated conservatively with corticosteroids, beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and diuretics.
Conclusion: It is important for physicians to recognize and develop protocols to identify early signs of CSDH in patients with late stage AD. Early management is a key factor in minimizing more serious complications like recurrence, seizures, and tension pneumocephalus.
Spine ABC, A Multidimensional Case Report from A to Z: Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Spine
Authors: Georgiou Eliza (Eleni-Zacharoula) , Prapiadou Savvina , Kourea Helen 
Published: November 2019

Background: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are uncommon entities which cause expansile and destructive bone lesions and are characterized by reactive proliferation of connective tissue. They usually grow rapidly with hypervascularity. ABC’s incidence on the spine is 1.5 in 10 million. Most cases present with pain of unexplained origin.
The Case: Presented in this paper is an ABC case in the spinous process of the L2 vertebra of a 20-year-old Greek female patient. The main symptom was persistent back pain, without neurological symptoms, of four years’ duration. Treatment consisted of surgical curettage of the lesion. In this case report, we tried to describe not only the pathology of this disease but also the subsequent psychosocial symptoms that accompany it. We managed to accomplish that by exploiting the knowledge of an experienced pathologist, the help of the physicians responsible for this case, the interest of some sensitized medical students, and of course, the experience of the patient herself since the patient is also the lead author.
Conclusion: The focal point of this article is that even though ABCs might lead to excruciating pain, this pain can be alleviated with the proper treatment, especially if the communication between physician and patient is optimal.
Peer tutoring in nursing: Quantitative evaluation of a formalized undergraduate tutoring program
Authors: Sand-Jecklin Kari , Huber Stacy 
Published: November 2019

Background and objective: Based on the limited literature, a formalized peer tutoring program was developed at the study institution’s School of Nursing to promote the success of academically at-risk students. The evaluation process was designed to guide program improvement as well as to contribute to the available literature related to peer tutoring in programs of nursing. The purpose of this study was to formally evaluate a newly developed formalized peer tutoring program for undergraduate nursing students, to inform other undergraduate nursing programs considering implementing a peer tutoring program.Methods: The peer tutoring program was evaluated using parallel post-experience surveys for tutors and tutees. Participants also completed a Learning and Studying Strategies Questionnaire, to determine if strategy use differed between the two groups.Results: There were no statistically significant differences in learning/studying strategies used by tutors and tutees, with both being predominantly superficial strategies. Tutors and tutees evaluated the tutoring program overwhelmingly positively. A few students did make suggestions for improvements in the payment system and suggested making tutoring more widely available.Conclusions: The formalized peer tutoring program is a valuable asset in promoting the academic success of undergraduate nursing students. Minor changes to the program have been made according to student suggestions.
Évaluation de la qualité des eaux de la nappe de Téboulba : risque de contamination des sols agricoles
Authors: Souguir Dalila , Hörmann Georg , Hachicha Mohamed 
Published: November 2019

Cette étude concerne la nappe côtière de Téboulba étant donné son importance pour l’agriculture locale. Dans un suivi de la qualité des eaux de cette nappe, une expérimentation a été entamée chez trois agriculteurs se servant de leurs puits pour l’irrigation en période de manque d’eau. Les cinq puits étudiés ont révélé des eaux basiques avec une salinité élevée (3,61-7,26 dS∙m-1) dominée par des ions Na+ et Cl-. La composition métallique est marquée par des teneurs inférieures aux limites recommandées dans les eaux d’irrigation pour le Pb, Zn, Cu et Mn. Cependant, des teneurs proches ou dépassant les limites ont été enregistrées pour le Cr, Cd et Co. Vu cette contamination, une évaluation de la qualité des sols irrigués par les eaux de la nappe a été entreprise. L’évaluation a été basée sur le test de micronoyaux à travers une exposition des racines de Vicia faba aux lixiviats de ces sols. Les lixiviats n’ont pas montré de différences significatives de leur indice mitotique et du nombre de micronoyaux formés comparés aux lixiviats contrôles. Cependant, des aberrations chromosomiques et nucléaires ont été observées chez tous les lixiviats. Malgré une contamination des eaux de puits, probablement due aux activités industrielles et agricoles dans la région et aux alentours, les sols ne présentaient pas de signes de génotoxicité. Les résultats de ce travail incitent à une étude plus approfondie sur les origines d’une telle contamination dans un but de minimiser à la source les risques d’aggravation de l’état de la nappe.
Risk and protective factors for childhood asthma and wheezing disorders in the first 1,000 days of life: a systematic review of meta-analyses
Authors: Santos Karoliny dos , Isoppo Nicolas 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: The first 1,000 days of life of a child, the period from conception to the end of the second year, is a critical stage for the development of respiratory and immune systems. Many factors occurred in this period may be associated to risk of asthma in childhood. Objective: To condense evidence about risk and protective factors for childhood asthma and/or wheezing disorders occurred in the first 1,000 days of life. Methods: MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SCOPUS databases were searched. Systematic reviews with meta-analysis, or metaanalysis of observational and interventional studies on risk or protective factors for childhood asthma/wheeze, emphasizing the period between the conception and two first years of age, were included. The quality of studies was evaluated by the Assess Systematic Reviews tool. The pooled odds ratio, 95% confidence interval and homogeneity among studies were analyzed. Results: Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, with good methodological quality. Parental history of asthma; maternal weight gain during pregnancy, urogenital infections, psychological stress, and smoking; caesarean section; preterm birth; birth weight; and neonatal hyperbilirrubinemia are risk factors for asthma/wheeze in childhood. Intake of fish oil, zinc and vitamin E during pregnancy appear as protective factors, as well as breastfeeding, fish intake in the first two years, and BCG vaccination. Conclusion: Several modifiable behaviors or exposures can be associated with asthma and wheezing in childhood. The knowledge about these behaviors and exposures can improve early prevention strategies with a view to ensuring a beneficial impact on respiratory health.
Evidence of training influence on infant manual behavior: a systematic review
Authors: Nascimento Andressa Lagoa , Tedesco Natália Matos , Soares-Marangoni Daniele de Almeida 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Researchers have widely investigated how interventions by means of training can improve manual behaviors in infants. However, no systematic review has been found on this topic. Objective: To analyze the quality of scientific evidence considering the methodological quality and level of evidence by type of study in research on training of object-directed manual behaviors in infants in the first 18 months of life. Methods: National Library of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Virtual Health Library (BIREME/BVS), Science Direct, SciELO, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases were used. Only clinical trials that assessed the benefits of manual object-directed training in infants and were published up to February 2018, in English, were included. The Cochrane Collaboration Model was adapted to extract bibliographical data from the articles and their methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale and the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine’s Levels of Evidence. Results: Twenty one clinical trials were included. Studies investigated typically developing full-term infants, preterm infants, and infants at risk for autism spectrum disorders. Trainings were administered to infants by means of “sticky mittens” paradigm, task-specific practice, or contingency reinforcement. Most of the studies presented fair or poor methodological quality. Only studies that used task-specific active practice presented high methodological quality. Conclusions: The results indicate there is high quality evidence that task-specific training improves object-directed manual behaviors in typically developing infants and preterm infants in the first 2-4 months of life. Studies addressing infants with established diagnoses of developmental dysfunction are lacking.
Antecedent infections in Guillain‐Barré syndrome: a single‐center, prospective study
Authors: Hao Yanlei , Wang Weifang , Jacobs Bart C. , Qiao Baojun , Chen Mengshi , Liu Daiqiang , Feng Xungang , Wang Yuzhong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the spectrum of antecedent infections in Chinese patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) and analyze the infections‐related clinical phenotypes locally.MethodsA prospective case‐control study of 150 patients diagnosed with GBS and age‐ and sex‐matched neurological and healthy controls was performed to investigate recent infections of 14 pathogens serologically and collect the clinical data during a follow‐up of 12 months.ResultsIn total, 53% of patients with GBS had a positive serology for recent infection, including Campylobacter jejuni (27%), influenza A (17%) and B (16%), hepatitis A virus (5%), dengue virus (3%), cytomegalovirus (3%), Epstein–Barr virus (3%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (2%), herpes simplex virus (2%), varicella‐zoster virus (1%), and rubella virus (1%). Serology for infections of hepatitis E virus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Zika virus was negative. There was a higher frequency of C. jejuni, influenza A, influenza B, and hepatitis A virus infections in GBS patients than both the neurological and healthy controls. C. jejuni infection was more frequent in younger GBS patients and was associated with antibodies against GM1, GalNAc‐GD1a, and GM1:galactocerebroside complex. Influenza B infection was associated with a pure motor form of GBS.InterpretationC. jejuni, influenza A, influenza B, and hepatitis A virus serve as the most common cause of antecedent infections in GBS locally. Influenza B‐related GBS may represent a pure motor phenotype. Differences in the infectious spectrum worldwide may contribute to the geographical clinical heterogeneity of GBS.
Tuning the Catalytic Preference of Ruthenium Catalysts for Nitrogen Reduction by Atomic Dispersion
Authors: Yu Bing , Li Hao , White Jai , Donne Scott , Yi Jiabao , Xi Shibo , Fu Yang , Henkelman Graeme , Yu Hai , Chen Zuliang , Ma Tianyi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDeveloping cost‐effective, high‐performance nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) electrocatalysts is required for the production of green and low‐cost ammonia under ambient conditions. Here, a strategy is proposed to adjust the reaction preference of noble metals by tuning the size and local chemical environment of the active sites. This proof‐of‐concept model is realized by single ruthenium atoms distributed in a matrix of graphitic carbon nitride (Ru SAs/g‐C3N4). This model is compared, in terms of the NRR activity, to bulk Ru. The as‐synthesized Ru SAs/g‐C3N4 exhibits excellent catalytic activity and selectivity with an NH3 yield rate of 23.0 µg mgcat−1 h−1 and a Faradaic efficiency as high as 8.3% at a low overpotential (0.05 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode), which is far better than that of the bulk Ru counterpart. Moreover, the Ru SAs/g‐C3N4 displays a high stability during five recycling tests and a 12 h potentiostatic test. Density functional theory calculations reveal that compared to bulk Ru surfaces, Ru SAs/g‐C3N4 has more facile reaction thermodynamics, and the enhanced NRR performance of Ru SAs/g‐C3N4 originates from a tuning of the d‐electron energies from that of the bulk to a single‐atom, causing an up‐shift of the d‐band center toward the Fermi level.
Block Copolymers‐Based Nanoporous Thin Films with Tailored Morphology for Biomolecules Adsorption
Authors: Malafronte Anna , Auriemma Finizia , Santillo Chiara , Di Girolamo Rocco , Barker Robert , Gerelli Yuri , De Rosa Claudio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe adsorption of myoglobin (Mb) onto nanoporous thin films build up using block‐copolymers (BCPs) is analyzed. The nanoporous thin films, fabricated by exploiting self‐assembly of lamellar BCPs and the concept of sacrificial block, are characterized by a well‐defined morphology containing nanochannels of width ≈20 nm delimited by polystyrene (PS) domains, decorated with pendant poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains. The adsorption of Mb onto the nanoporous material is studied by means of UV–visible spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance, and neutron reflectometry measurements. In order to determine the role of nanopores, experiments are also conducted by using supports made of nonporous PS thin films and nude glass slides. The results indicate that the BCP‐nanoporous material exhibits a remarkably higher adsorption capability than PS and glass. As PEO exhibits a low degree of protein adsorption, this result may be essentially attributed to the presence of the nanopores. The large surface area, the opened pore structure, and the trapping effect of the pores are the main factors determining the increased Mb adsorption capability of the BCP‐based support. Yet, the presence of PEO chains decorating the PS walls at porous surface does not prevent Mb biomolecules to establish good interactions with the support.
Morphology‐Dependent Luminescence and Optical Waveguide Property in Large‐Size Organic Charge Transfer Cocrystals with Anisotropic Spatial Distribution of Transition Dipole Moment
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Shitong , Xu Shuping , Li Aisen , Li Bao , Ye Ling , Geng Yijia , Tian Yu , Xu Weiqing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrganic cocrystals exhibiting active optical waveguide behaviors are strongly related to the total internal reflection, molecule stacking modes, and the spatial distribution of transition dipole moment (µ) in crystals. However, organic charge transfer (CT) cocrystals as new materials that exhibit optical waveguide property responses to anisotropic spatial distribution of µ are still unknown. Herein, prepared is a novel organic CT cocrystal 9AC‐TCNB (9AC = 9‐anthracene carboxylic acid, TCNB = 1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene) with a mixed stacking structure of donor (D) and acceptor (A) along two different orientations on the same lattice plane. According to various spectroscopic analyses, two direction‐oriented asymmetric light propagate in the cocrystal derived from the anisotropic spatial distribution of µ have been confirmed. Photoluminescence (PL) microscopic images and spatial resolution PL spectra of 1D and 2D 9AC‐TCNB cocrystals further demonstrate that the CT cocrystals possess morphology and color‐dependent optical waveguide properties with anisotropy, which confirms the principle theory of light propagation. This result can open new potential applications of organic cocrystals in large‐scale optical waveguide devices and integrated optics.
Light‐Driven WSe2‐ZnO Junction Field‐Effect Transistors for High‐Performance Photodetection
Authors: Guo Nan , Xiao Lin , Gong Fan , Luo Man , Wang Fang , Jia Yi , Chang Huicong , Liu Junku , Li Qing , Wu Yang , Wang Yang , Shan Chongxin , Xu Yang , Zhou Peng , Hu Weida 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAssembling nanomaterials into hybrid structures provides a promising and flexible route to reach ultrahigh responsivity by introducing a trap‐assisted gain (G) mechanism. However, the high‐gain photodetectors benefitting from long carrier lifetime often possess slow response time (t) due to the inherent G–t tradeoff. Here, a light‐driven junction field‐effect transistor (LJFET), consisting of an n‐type ZnO belt as the channel material and a p‐type WSe2 nanosheet as a photoactive gate material, to break the G–t tradeoff through decoupling the gain from carrier lifetime is reported. The photoactive gate material WSe2 under illumination enables a conductive path for externally applied voltage, which modulates the depletion region within the ZnO channel efficiently. The gain and response time are separately determined by the field effect modulation and the switching speed of LJFET. As a result, a high responsivity of 4.83 × 103 A W−1 with a gain of ≈104 and a rapid response time of ≈10 µs are obtained simultaneously. The LJFET architecture offers a new approach to realize high‐gain and fast‐response photodetectors without the G–t tradeoff.
A Shallow Acceptor of Phosphorous Doped in MoSe2 Monolayer
Authors: Xia Yipu , Zhang Junqiu , Yu Zhoubin , Jin Yuanjun , Tian Hao , Feng Yue , Li Bin , Ho Wingkin , Liu Chang , Xu Hu , Jin Chuanhong , Xie Maohai 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTuning the conductivity and other electronic properties by doping in ultrathin layers of transition‐metal dichalcogenides is of great scientific and practical interest. As with traditional semiconductors, controllable doping is essential for device applications of the materials. Here, hole doping in epitaxial MoSe2 by phosphorus (P) are reported, where substitutional P at the Se sites acts as a shallow acceptor. P substituting Se in MoSe2 is identified by annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy reveal in‐gap defect states and Fermi‐level shifts, suggesting the hole doping effect of substitutional P. Combining with density functional theory calculation and partial charge analysis, the binding energies of impurity levels of group V elements in a MoSe2 monolayer are elucidated, where the dopant energy level becomes shallower with increasing atomic mass.
RNA‐seq analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings after exposure to blue‐light phototropic stimuli in microgravity
Authors: Vandenbrink Joshua P. , Herranz Raul , Poehlman William L. , Alex Feltus F. , Villacampa Alicia , Ciska Malgorzata , Javier Medina F. , Kiss John Z. 
Published: November 2019

PremisePlants synthesize information from multiple environmental stimuli when determining their direction of growth. Gravity, being ubiquitous on Earth, plays a major role in determining the direction of growth and overall architecture of the plant. Here, we utilized the microgravity environment on board the International Space Station (ISS) to identify genes involved influencing growth and development of phototropically stimulated seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana.MethodsSeedlings were grown on the ISS, and RNA was extracted from 7 samples (pools of 10–15 plants) grown in microgravity (μg) or Earth gravity conditions (1‐g). Transcriptomic analyses via RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) of differential gene expression was performed using the HISAT2‐Stringtie‐DESeq2 RNASeq pipeline. Differentially expressed genes were further characterized by using Pathway Analysis and enrichment for Gene Ontology classifications.ResultsFor 296 genes that were found significantly differentially expressed between plants in microgravity compared to 1‐g controls, Pathway Analysis identified eight molecular pathways that were significantly affected by reduced gravity conditions. Specifically, light‐associated pathways (e.g., photosynthesis‐antenna proteins, photosynthesis, porphyrin, and chlorophyll metabolism) were significantly downregulated in microgravity.ConclusionsGene expression in A. thaliana seedlings grown in microgravity was significantly altered compared to that of the 1‐g control. Understanding how plants grow in conditions of microgravity not only aids in our understanding of how plants grow and respond to the environment but will also help to efficiently grow plants during long‐range space missions.
Wiedemann‐Steiner syndrome in two patients from Portugal
Authors: Grangeia Ana , Leão Miguel , Moura Carla P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWiedemann‐Steiner syndrome (WSS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, hypertrichosis cubiti and neurodevelopment delay. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the KMT2A gene. This report describes two unrelated Portuguese patients, age 11 and 17 years, with a phenotype concordant with WSS and clinical and molecular diagnosis of WSS by the identification of two novel frameshift variants in the KMT2A gene. This work also highlights the presence of certain clinical features in patients with growth retardation and development delay and should draw attention to the diagnosis of WSS, when hirsutism, particularly hypertrichosis cubiti is present.
The effect of captivity on the primate gut microbiome varies with host dietary niche
Authors: Frankel Jeffrey S. , Mallott Elizabeth K. , Hopper Lydia M. , Ross Stephen R. , Amato Katherine R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite careful attention to animal nutrition and wellbeing, gastrointestinal distress remains relatively common in captive non‐human primates (NHPs), particularly dietary specialists such as folivores. These patterns may be a result of marked dietary differences between captive and wild settings and associated impacts on the gut microbiome. However, given that most existing studies target NHP dietary specialists, it is unclear if captive environments have distinct impacts on the gut microbiome of NHPs with different dietary niches. To begin to examine this question, we used 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequences to compare the gut microbiomes of five NHP genera categorized either as folivores (Alouatta, Colobus) or non‐folivores (Cercopithecus, Gorilla, Pan) sampled both in captivity and in the wild. Though captivity affected the gut microbiomes of all NHPs in this study, the effects were largest in folivorous NHPs. Shifts in gut microbial diversity and in the relative abundances of fiber‐degrading microbial taxa suggest that these findings are driven by marked dietary shifts for folivorous NHPs in captive settings. We propose that zoos and other captive care institutions consider including more natural browse in folivorous NHP diets and regularly bank fecal samples to further explore the relationship between NHP diet, the gut microbiome, and health outcomes.