bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Supramolecular Polymer Conformation for Efficient Carbon Nanotube Sorting
Authors: Gao Theodore Z. , Sun Zehao , Yan Xuzhou , Wu Hung‐Chin , Yan Hongping , Bao Zhenan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSupramolecular polymer sorting is a promising approach to separating single‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by electronic type. Unlike conjugated polymers, they can be easily removed from the CNTs after sorting by breaking the supramolecular bonds, allowing for isolation of electronically pristine CNTs as well as facile recycling of the sorting polymer. However, little is understood about how supramolecular polymer properties affect CNT sorting. Herein, chain stoppers are used to engineer the conformation of a supramolecular sorting polymer, thereby elucidating the relationship between sorting efficacy and polymer conformation. Through NMR and UV–vis spectroscopy, small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and thermodynamic modeling, it is shown that this supramolecular polymer exhibits ring–chain equilibrium, and that this equilibrium can be skewed toward chains by the addition of chain stoppers. Furthermore, by controlling the stopper–monomer ratio, the sorting yield can be doubled from 7% to 14% without compromising the semiconducting purity (>99%) or properties of sorted CNTs.
Influence of impressed current cathodic protection systems on chemical characteristics of underground water
Authors: Esfandiari Kourosh , Banihashemi Morteza , Soleimani Parinaz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite well‐known corrosion inhibition behavior of cathodic protection (CP) system, this process might be a potential hazard to surrounding ecosystem resulted mostly from continuous electrical current which is applied to the adjacent environment and metallic anode dissolution as well. In this research, deepwater CP wells at different locations of Golestan province, Iran, were taken into consideration to evaluate the impact of these protective systems on underground waters from viewpoint of chemical and physicochemical characteristics resulted from anode dissolution. For this purpose, concentration of metallic constituents of the anode as well as the amount of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and total hardness were determined. On the basis of obtained results, the concentration of Mn, Cr, and Fe in CP well located nearby an industrial district (i.e., 0.087, 0.475, and 8.5 mg/L, respectively) was higher than both WHO and USEPA standards. This fact can be resulted from the position where the well was dug as well as the CP anode dissolution within the deep CP water wells.Practitioner points

The impact of impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system on chemical and physicochemical characteristics of underground water has been evaluated.

Anode dissolution of ICCP systems influences the water characteristics nearby the anodes.

Despite low dissolution rate of high silicon cast iron anodes, their long‐term utilization might be harmful for adjacent ecosystem.

The amount of heavy metals in underground waters was demonstrated to be influenced by the employment of ICCP system.

Both anode dissolution and the geological properties of the Earth`s crust surrounding the wellbore might be responsible for significant increase of heavy metals concentration.
Natural convection of Al2O3‐water nanofluid filled annulus between a wavy rectangle and a square cavity using Buongiorno's two‐phase model
Authors: Aly Abdelraheem M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, an incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method is used to simulate the natural convection of Al2O3‐water nanofluid filled annulus between a wavy rectangle and a square cavity using non‐homogenous Buongiorno's two‐phase model. In the physical model, the left cavity wall is kept at a high temperature , the right wall has a lower temperature , and the horizontal walls are adiabatic. The Lagrangian description of the partial governing equations is discretized using ISPH method. Simulations were carried out for variable wave amplitude , variable wave length of wavy rectangle , and variable average of nanoparticle volume fraction . Moreover, two cases of thermal conductions including adiabatic and cooling conditions for the inner wavy blockage were considered. The length of the inner wavy rectangle plays an important role on controlling the convective heat transfer and fluid intensity through the annulus. An increase on the length and amplitude of the wavy rectangle reduces the convection flow, maximum values of the stream function and strength of the velocity field. A growing on the average of nanoparticle volume fraction reduces the maximum of the stream function, normalized nanoparticle volume fractions , and average Nusselt number.
On junction problem with damage parameter for Timoshenko and rigid inclusions inside elastic body
Authors: Khludnev A.M. , Popova T.S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe paper is concerned with an equilibrium problem for 2D elastic body with a thin elastic Timoshenko inclusion and a thin rigid inclusion. The elastic inclusion is assumed to be delaminated from the elastic body thus forming an interfacial crack with the matrix. Inequality type boundary conditions are imposed at the crack faces to prevent a mutual penetration. A connection between two inclusions at a given point is characterized by a positive damage parameter. Existence of solutions of the problem considered is proved, and different equivalent formulations of the problem are analyzed; junction conditions at the connection point are found. A convergence of solutions as the damage parameter tends to zero and to infinity as well as the rigidity parameter of the elastic inclusion tends to infinity is analyzed. An analysis of the limit models is performed. A solution existence of an inverse problem for finding the damage and rigidity parameters is proved provided that an additional information concerning the derivative of the energy functional with respect to the delamination length is given.
Molecular basis of mood and cognitive adverse events elucidated via a combination of pharmacovigilance data mining and functional enrichment analysis
Authors: Andronis Christos , Silva João Pedro , Lekka Eftychia , Virvilis Vassilis , Carmo Helena , Bampali Konstantina , Ernst Margot , Hu Yang , Loryan Irena , Richard Jacques , Carvalho Félix , Savić Miroslav M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDrug-induced Mood- and Cognition-related adverse events (MCAEs) are often only detected during the clinical trial phases of drug development, or even after marketing, thus posing a major safety concern and a challenge for both pharmaceutical companies and clinicians. To fill some gaps in the understanding and elucidate potential biological mechanisms of action frequently associated with MCAEs, we present a unique workflow linking observational population data with the available knowledge at molecular, cellular, and psychopharmacology levels. It is based on statistical analysis of pharmacovigilance reports and subsequent signaling pathway analyses, followed by evidence-based expert manual curation of the outcomes. Our analysis: (a) ranked pharmaceuticals with high occurrence of such adverse events (AEs), based on disproportionality analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, and (b) identified 120 associated genes and common pathway nodes possibly underlying MCAEs. Nearly two-thirds of the identified genes were related to immune modulation, which supports the critical involvement of immune cells and their responses in the regulation of the central nervous system function. This finding also means that pharmaceuticals with a negligible central nervous system exposure may induce MCAEs through dysregulation of the peripheral immune system. Knowledge gained through this workflow unravels putative hallmark biological targets and mediators of drug-induced mood and cognitive disorders that need to be further assessed and validated in experimental models. Thereafter, they can be used to substantially improve in silico/in vitro/in vivo tools for predicting these adversities at a preclinical stage.
Cyclotomic torsion points in elliptic schemes
Authors: Giacomini Michele 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn elliptic curve defined over a number field possesses only a finite number of torsion points defined over the cyclotomic closure of its field of definition. In analogy to the relative version of the Manin–Mumford conjecture stated by Masser and Zannier, we propose a family version of the above statement and prove it under a suitable integrality condition.
Cell composition and expansion strategy can reduce the beneficial effect of AKT-inhibition on functionality of CD8+ T cells
Authors: Mousset Charlotte M. , Hobo Willemijn , de Ligt Aafke , Baardman Sjoerd , Schaap Nicolaas P. M. , Jansen Joop H. , van der Waart Anniek B. , Dolstra Harry 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAKT-inhibition is a promising approach to improve T cell therapies; however, its effect on CD4+ T cells is insufficiently explored. Previously, we and others showed that AKT-inhibition during ex vivo CD8+ T cell expansion facilitates the generation of polyfunctional T cells with stem cell memory-like traits. However, most therapeutic T cell products are generated from lymphocytes, containing CD4+ T cells that can affect CD8+ T cells dependent on the Th-subset. Here, we investigated the effect of AKT-inhibition on CD4+ T cells, during separate as well as total T cell expansions. Interestingly, ex vivo AKT-inhibition preserved the early memory phenotype of CD4+ T cells based on higher CD62L, CXCR4 and CCR7 expression. However, in the presence of AKT-inhibition, Th-differentiation was skewed toward more Th2-associated at the expense of Th1-associated cells. Importantly, the favorable effect of AKT-inhibition on the functionality of CD8+ T cells drastically diminished in the presence of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, also the expansion method influenced the effect of AKT-inhibition on CD8+ T cells. These findings indicate that the effect of AKT-inhibition on CD8+ T cells is dependent on cell composition and expansion strategy, where presence of CD4+ T cells as well as polyclonal stimulation impede the favorable effect of AKT-inhibition.
Calling amplitude flexibility and acoustic spacing in the territorial frog Allobates femoralis
Authors: Rodríguez Camilo , Amézquita Adolfo , Ringler Max , Pašukonis Andrius , Hödl Walter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMost male frogs produce calls to attract females and repel rivals. The transmission of these calls can be affected by many acoustic and environmental characteristics, which can influence the detection and decoding of the signal by the receiver. Calling-perch height has a strong influence on sound propagation and acoustic spacing with neighboring males, but how frogs optimize their calling behavior in this context is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated if and how frogs can adjust the calling energy in the context of acoustic spacing. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between calling-perch height, nearest-neighbor distance, and sound-pressure level in the brilliant-thighed poison frogAllobates femoralis. We found that frogs flexibly adjust the calling amplitude according to the calling-perch height without affecting the effectiveness signal propagation. Accompanying signal propagation experiments demonstrated that calls produced with lower amplitude from higher perches propagate similar to louder calls from the ground. Our results suggest an adjustment to the hypothesis of a general positive effect of calling-perch height on signal effectiveness, where highly territorial frogs adjust their calling behavior to reduce energy expenditure and optimize acoustic communication with conspecifics.Significance statementIn acoustically communicating species, sound propagates better when broadcasted from elevated positions. However, callers may adjust their calling behavior to optimize the sound transmission under ecological constraints. By using a correlative and manipulative approach, we show in a poison frog model that males can adjust their calling amplitude according to the calling-perch height. We then discuss that this calling adjustment optimizes the acoustic spacing between conspecific males and reduces energy consumption.
Health behavior among Polish institutionalized older adults: the effect of resiliency mediated by satisfaction with life
Authors: Zadworna Magdalena , Kossakowska Karolina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimResiliency and satisfaction with life are identified as factors related to health behavior in the general population. However, little is known about health behavior and its predictors in public nursing home residents. The purpose of the study was to establish the nature of the relationship between resiliency, satisfaction with life, and health behavior in institutionalized older adults in Poland.Subject and methodsA cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was performed in public nursing homes in Poland. A total of 161 male and female senior residents aged 60 to 99 (Mean = 76.65, SD = 9.23) were examined. Mediation analysis was performed with the Hayes’ PROCESS macro.ResultsThis study revealed that resiliency, satisfaction with life, and health behavior are positively associated with each other in older persons. Satisfaction with life plays a mediating role in the relationship between resiliency and health behavior in residents of long-term care institutions.ConclusionOur findings underscore the important role played by personal resources in strengthening interventions and supporting the efforts of nursing home residents to engage in health behavior.
Sources of evolutionary contingency: chance variation and genetic drift
Authors: Wong T. Y. William 
Published: June 2020

AbstractContingency-theorists have gestured to a series of phenomena such as random mutations or rare Armageddon-like events as that which accounts for evolutionary contingency. These phenomena constitute a class, which may be aptly called the ‘sources of contingency’. In this paper, I offer a probabilistic conception of what it is to be a source of contingency and then examine two major candidates: chance variation and genetic drift, both of which have historically been taken to be ‘chancy’ in a number of different senses. However,contrathe gesturing of contingency-theorists, chance variation and genetic drift are not always strong sources of contingency, as they can be non-chancy (and hence, directional) in at least one sense that opposes evolutionary contingency. The probabilistic conception offered herein allows for sources of contingency to appropriately vary in strength. To this end, I import Shannon’sinformation entropyas a statistical measure for systematically assessing the strength of a source of contingency, which is part and parcel of identifying sources of contingency. In brief, the higher the entropy, the greater the strength. This is also empirically significant because molecular, mutational, and replicative studies often contain sufficient frequency or probability data to allow for entropies to be calculated. In this way, contingency-theorists can evaluate the strength of a source of contingency in real-world cases. Moreover, the probabilistic conception also makes conceptual room for the converse of sources of contingency: ‘sources of directionality’, which ought to be recognised, as they can interact with genuine sources of contingency in undermining evolutionary contingency.
Antifungal Activity of Synthetic Scorpion Venom-Derived Peptide Analogues Against Candida albicans
Authors: Snyder Sabrina S. , Gleaton Jeremy W. , Kirui Dickson , Chen Wen , Millenbaugh Nancy J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFungal infections are becoming a serious problem due to their high morbidity and mortality combined with the rise in drug resistance and dearth of new antimycotic drugs. The scorpion venom-derived peptide BmKn2, and its synthetic analogue Kn2–7, were previously observed to have antibacterial activity. These peptides and their d-amino acid analogues (dBmKn2 and dKn2–7) were tested for antifungal activity against drug resistant and clinical isolates of Candida albicans. In planktonic susceptibility studies, dKn2–7 had greater activity than the other three peptides against 6 out of 7 fungal strains, with no apparent correlation between drug resistance and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs). Time kill experiments demonstrated that the fungicidal activity of dKn2–7 began within the first hour and killing rates were dose dependent at ≥ 1 × MFC. Against biofilms, the d-analogues were the most effective, while the l-analogues had low efficacy in most strains even at 10 times the planktonic MFC. Stability testing suggests that this increased efficacy of the d-analogues may be due to increased resistance to protease degradation compared to the l-analogues. Peptides were also assessed for mammalian cell toxicity. BmKn2 and dBmKn2 induced significant hemolysis at levels similar to their MFCs, whereas Kn2–7 and dKn2–7 caused hemolysis at 4–16 times their MFCs. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for dKn2–7 against murine fibroblasts was greater than or equal to the planktonic MFCs and biofilm IC50s for dKn2–7 in all C. albicans strains tested. These results support the potential for dKn2–7 to be further investigated as a novel antifungal therapeutic.
‘Making Our Country Great Again’: The Politics of Subjectivity in an Age of National-Populism
Authors: Mandelbaum Moran 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHow could we understand the emotive power of national-populist discourses, indeed the calls to ‘make our country great again’? This paper directly tackles the recent Brexit discourse, within the broader context of rising national-populist sentiments. I offer a novel way of reading national-populism and the politics of subjectivity as I put forth a Lacanian-psychoanalytical framework, namely the void at the heart of national-populism narratives and thus their ability to produce and hail national-populist subjectivities, particularly through ‘fantasy’, ‘jouissance’ and the promise to recapture loss. I suggest that national-populism discourses appeal emotively and thus interpellate, at least partially, their subjects by offering unity and a ‘fullness to come’, the promise of filling the void, the promise of full jouissance. Since such national closure and unity are unattainable national-populism discourses must appeal to lost golden eras of greatness and by rendering the Other the cause of their failure.
Allocation in life cycle assessment of lignin
Authors: Hermansson Frida , Janssen Matty , Svanström Magdalena 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Lignin extraction in pulp mills and biorefineries are emerging technologies. Lignin is always the product of a multi-output process. Assessing such processes using life cycle assessment (LCA) requires the environmental impacts to be divided between the co-products of the system, referred to as allocation. This article explores different allocation approaches for lignin and illustrates the influence of the choice of allocation approach on the climate impact in a case study.

Method
Ten different applicable allocation methods were found in literature and two more were developed. Lignin production in a Kraft pulp mill using the LignoBoost process for lignin extraction was selected as a study object for the case study, and due to limited data availability only climate impact was considered. A cradle-to-gate LCA was done for the study object, and all of the twelve allocation approaches were applied; for eight of the methods, factors that strongly influence the results were identified and varied. Finally, the results were put in the context of cradle-to-grave LCAs from literature for different possible uses of lignin to give an indication of how important the choice of allocation approach can be when assessing lignin as a substitute for other raw materials.

Results and discussion
Results show that all allocation approaches tested were applicable to the special case of lignin, but each one of them comes with inherent challenges. Factors that often have a large impact on the results are (1) market and price of different outputs; (2) what is seen as the main product or the driver of the system or system changes; (3) what the surrounding system looks like and hence what other products will be displaced by outputs. These factors can be particularly challenging in prospective studies as such studies are future-oriented and consider systems that do not yet exist. Finally, the results show that the choice of allocation could have a significant influence on the climate impact on the cradle-to-grave climate impact of the final product.

Conclusions
We recommend for LCAs of lignin-based technologies that allocation methods are very carefully selected based on the goal and scope of the study and that when relevant, several methods are applied and factors are varied within them in a sensitivity analysis. In particular, the driver(s) of the system’s existence or of changes to it, sometimes reflected in market prices of outputs, should be carefully considered.
The contextual effect of completion on the effectiveness of performance feedback
Authors: Nikiforow Nicole , Wagener Sebastian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the varying effect of performance feedback on performance, depending on the task context. Specifically, we analyze the state of completion (of a product or process) as an essential dimension of the task context. Using a laboratory experiment, we predict and find that performance is lower under completion than under non-completion. Further, we predict and find that the effect of performance feedback on performance differs depending on the state of completion. Specifically, performance feedback increases performance under completion. However, on average, performance feedback is ineffective for non-completion. Our results extend research on the interplay between feedback and contextual factors within firms by providing initial evidence of the impact of the state of completion. In addition, our study has important implications for performance feedback design choices.
Individual social capital and subjective well-being in urban- and rural Austrian areas
Authors: Glatz Christoph , Bodi-Fernandez Otto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study we investigated the amount of social capital as well as its effect on subjective well-being for the whole Austrian population and separately for rural- and urban areas. By using the Austrian Social Survey 2018, we were able to analyze various social capital dimensions based on a conceptual model developed by Kawachi (2008), namely informal and formal social capital, social support as well as social and institutional trust. We observed differences between rural and urban areas in the social-capital dimension of informal social capital: Individuals in rural areas report more contacts with lower-skilled vocations and more family contacts while individuals from urban areas report more social participation and more contact with a close friend. For the Austrian population as a whole, more contacts with highly educated professions, frequent contact (at least several times a week) with a close friend, as well as social and institutional trust, foster subjective well-being. Frequent contact with up to three distinct family members fosters subjective well-being for the entire Austrian sample as well as for individuals living in rural-, but not in urban areas. This study extends previous research by showing different amounts of informal social capital between urban and rural areas as well as different effects on subjective well-being. To summarize, our results confirm the beneficial influence of certain social capital dimensions on subjective well-being in Austria taking into account control variables based on previous research, while showing different patterns and effects of informal social capital between urban and rural areas.