bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Nitrogen‐Doped Covalent Triazine‐Based Multiporous Cross‐Linking Framework for High‐Performance Energy Storage
Authors: Wu Chuanguang , Zhang Hao , Hu Mingjun , Shan Guangcun , Gao Jiefeng , Liu Jinzhang , Zhou Xianglin , Yang Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPorous carbon as an electrode material has attracted extensive attention in the field of energy storage. Herein, to promote the energy density of carbon‐based materials, a class of in situ nitrogen‐doped 3D carbon skeleton with hierarchical pores through the structural evolution of pyridine‐incorporated porous covalent triazine‐based framework (p‐CTFs) is rationally designed and prepared. The controlled microscopic pore structure and nitrogen doping concentration can be achieved by varying the polymerization temperature. The experimental results show that p‐CTF‐800 has a large specific surface area (2795 m2 g−1), a rich nitrogen content (11.82%), and a broad pore size distribution (0.65–5 nm), and exhibited an excellent specific capacitance of 406 F g−1 in three‐electrode system and 245.7 F g−1 in water‐based symmetric supercapacitor. When using ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetraflfluoroborate as electrolyte, the energy density can reach 77 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 175 W kg−1, and still remain at 56.4 Wh kg−1 even at a power density up to 8749 W kg−1. Moreover, p‐CTF‐800‐supercapacitor presents excellent cyclic stability (94% energy retention after 20 000 cycles for IL electrolytes) under current density of 4 A g−1. These results indicate that as‐prepared p‐CTFs can behave as excellent electrode candidate materials for the future high‐performance energy storage devices.
Enhanced Kinetics Harvested in Heteroatom Dual‐Doped Graphitic Hollow Architectures toward High Rate Printable Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lu Chen , Sun Zhongti , Yu Lianghao , Lian Xueyu , Yi Yuyang , Li Jie , Liu Zhongfan , Dou Shixue , Sun Jingyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCarbonaceous materials have emerged as promising anode candidates for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to overwhelming advantages including cost‐effectiveness and wide availability of materials. However, further development in this realm is handicapped by the deficiency in their in‐target and large‐scale synthesis, as well as their low specific capacity and huge volume expansion. Herein the precise and scalable synthesis of N/S dual‐doped graphitic hollow architectures (NSG) via direct plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is reported. Thus‐fabricated NSG affording uniform nitrogen/sulfur co‐doping, possesses ample potassiophilic surface moieties, effective electron/ion‐transport pathways, and high structural stability, which bestow it with high rate capability (≈100 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1) and a prolonged cycle life (a capacity retention rate of 90.2% at 5 A g−1 after 5000 cycles), important steps toward high‐performance K‐ion storage. The enhanced kinetics of the NSG anode are systematically probed by theoretical simulations combined with operando Raman spectroscopy, ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique measurements. In further contexts, printed NSG electrodes with tunable mass loading (1.84, 3.64, and 5.65 mg cm−2) are realized to showcase high areal capacities. This study demonstrates the construction of a printable carbon‐based PIB anode, that holds great promise for next‐generation grid‐scale PIB applications.
A Multitarget Gold(I) Complex Induces Cytotoxicity Related to Aneuploidy in HCT‐116 Colorectal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Zhang Jing‐Jing , Abu el Maaty Mohamed A. , Hoffmeister Henrik , Schmidt Claudia , Muenzner Julienne K. , Schobert Rainer , Wölfl Stefan , Ott Ingo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA novel alkynyl phosphane gold(I) complex (trimethylphosphane)(3‐(1,3‐dimethylxanthine‐7‐yl)prop‐1‐yn‐1‐yl)gold(I) 1 displayed mutiple biological activites including selective proliferation inhibitory, anti‐metastatic, and anti‐angiogenic effects. The complex also induced effects related to aneuploidy in HCT‐116 colon carcinoma cells, which might be mainly ascribed to the dysfunction of mitochondrial bioenergetics and downregulation of glycolysis. Induction of aneuploidy beyond a critical level can provide an effective strategy to target cancer, in particular colorectal tumours with a low tolerance of aneuploidy, and could be of relevance for 1 and other metallodrugs.
Transport and solvent sensing characteristics of styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites containing imidazolium ionic liquid modified carbon nanotubes
Authors: Abraham Jiji , Sidhardhan Sisanth Krishnan , Zachariah Ajesh Kulamamvila , Mariya Hanna Joseph , George Soney C. , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Thomas Sabu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObtaining strong interfacial interaction between filler and polymer matrix is very crucial for the fabrication of polymer nanocomposites with superior performance. Present study is aimed to fabricate high performance styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites with imidazolium type ionic liquid modified multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). Ionic liquid facilitates the dispersion of MWCNT in rubber matrix and it is obvious from transmission electron microscopy images. Diffusion of toluene through SBR nanocomposite membranes has been investigated as a function of surface modified MWCNT (f‐MWCNT) content to analyze the chain dynamics and filler‐polymer interactions. O2 gas barrier effect of nanocomposites with special reference to the filler loading is explored. The substantial improvement in the barrier effect in presence of filler interpreted on the grounds of a theoretical model describing permeability of heterogeneous systems. Finally solvent sensing characteristics of prepared nanocomposites are also analyzed and it is observed that prepared nanocomposites can be used as a flexible solvent sensor.
Using a dose‐finding benchmark to quantify the loss incurred by dichotomization in Phase II dose‐ranging studies
Authors: Mozgunov Pavel , Jaki Thomas , Paoletti Xavier 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile there is recognition that more informative clinical endpoints can support better decision‐making in clinical trials, it remains a common practice to categorize endpoints originally measured on a continuous scale. The primary motivation for this categorization (and most commonly dichotomization) is the simplicity of the analysis. There is, however, a long argument that this simplicity can come at a high cost. Specifically, larger sample sizes are needed to achieve the same level of accuracy when using a dichotomized outcome instead of the original continuous endpoint. The degree of “loss of information” has been studied in the contexts of parallel‐group designs and two‐stage Phase II trials. Limited attention, however, has been given to the quantification of the associated losses in dose‐ranging trials. In this work, we propose an approach to estimate the associated losses in Phase II dose‐ranging trials that is free of the actual dose‐ranging design used and depends on the clinical setting only. The approach uses the notion of a nonparametric optimal benchmark for dose‐finding trials, an evaluation tool that facilitates the assessment of a dose‐finding design by providing an upper bound on its performance under a given scenario in terms of the probability of the target dose selection. After demonstrating how the benchmark can be applied to Phase II dose‐ranging trials, we use it to quantify the dichotomization losses. Using parameters from real clinical trials in various therapeutic areas, it is found that the ratio of sample sizes needed to obtain the same precision using continuous and binary (dichotomized) endpoints varies between 70% and 75% under the majority of scenarios but can drop to 50% in some cases.
Cathepsin A regulates pluripotency, proliferation and differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Park Song , Huang Hai , Kwon Wookbong , Kim Hee‐Yeon , Park Jin‐Kyu , Han Jee Eun , Cho Gil‐Jae , Han Se‐Hyeon , Sung Yonghun , Ryoo Zae Young , Kim Myoung Ok , Choi Seong‐Kyoon 
Published: June 2020

Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) are pluripotent cells that possess the ability to self‐renew and differentiate into three germ layers. Owing to these characteristics, mESCs act as important models for stem cell research and are being used in many clinical applications. Among the many cathepsins, cathepsin A (Ctsa), a serine protease, affects the function and properties of stem cells. However, studies on the role of Ctsa in stem cells are limited. Here, we observed a significant increase in Ctsa expression during mESC differentiation at protein levels. Furthermore, we established Ctsa knockdown mESCs. Ctsa knockdown led to Erk1/2 phosphorylation, which in turn inhibited the pluripotency of mESCs and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest to inhibit mESC proliferation. The knockdown also induced abnormal differentiation in mESCs and aberrant expression of differentiation markers. Furthermore, we identified inhibition of teratoma formation in nude mice. Our results suggested that Ctsa affects mESC pluripotency, proliferation, cell cycle and differentiation, and highlighted the potential of Ctsa to act as a core factor that can regulate various mESC properties.Significance of the studyOur results indicate that cathepsin A (Ctsa) affects the properties of mESCs. Inhibition of Ctsa resulted in a decrease in the pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Further, Ctsa suppression resulted in decreased proliferation via cell cycle arrest. Moreover, Ctsa inhibition reduced differentiation abilities and formation of teratoma in mESCs. Our results demonstrated that Ctsa is an important factor controlling mESC abilities.
Current reduction method for dual active bridge converter in nonlinear dead‐time compensation method
Authors: Kawauchi Kengo , Higa Hayato , Watanabe Hiroki , Kusaka Keisuke , Itoh Jun‐Ichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a control method for a dual active bridge (DAB) converter, which achieves both a reduction in the nonlinear transmission power error due to the dead‐time and a reduction in the inductor current with a three‐level operation. The nonlinear transmission power error is compensated by designing a zero current period in the inductor current with the three‐level operation. In addition, an inductor current reduction method for the three‐level operation is also proposed. In the nonlinear transmission power error compensation method, the inductor current is reduced by suppressing the circulating current by considering the zero‐current period to be the dead‐time. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed using a 2.0‐kW prototype. The experimental results show that the transmission power error is reduced by up to 85.1%. In addition, the inductor current is reduced by up to 64.1% and the loss is reduced by up to 58.6%. Moreover, the DC offset is eliminated by utilizing the voltage polarity reverse phenomenon in the voltage control.
Prospective associations, longitudinal patterns of childhood socioeconomic status, and white matter organization in adulthood
Authors: Dufford Alexander J. , Evans Gary W. , Dmitrieva Julia , Swain James E. , Liberzon Israel , Kim Pilyoung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and brain development is an emerging area of research. The primary focus to date has been on SES and variations in gray matter structure with much less known about the relation between childhood SES and white matter structure. Using a longitudinal study of SES, with measures of income‐to‐needs ratio (INR) at age 9, 13, 17, and 24, we examined the prospective relationship between childhood SES (age 9 INR) and white matter organization in adulthood using diffusion tensor imaging. We also examined how changes in INR from childhood through young adulthood are associated with white matter organization in adult using a latent growth mixture model. Using tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) we found that there is a significant prospective positive association between childhood INR and white matter organization in the bilateral uncinate fasciculus, bilateral cingulum bundle, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, and corpus callosum (p < .05, FWE corrected). The probability that an individual was in the high‐increasing INR profile across development compared with the low‐increasing INR profile was positively associated with white matter organization in the bilateral uncinate fasciculus, left cingulum, and bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus. The results of the current study have potential implications for interventions given that early childhood poverty may have long‐lasting associations with white matter structure. Furthermore, trajectories of socioeconomic status during childhood are important—with individuals that belong to the latent profile that had high increases in INR having greater regional white matter organization in adulthood.
CFD analysis of two‐phase cavitating flow in a centrifugal pump with an inducer
Authors: Paul Debarpan , Agarwal Himanshu , Ponangi Babu Rao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne of the most undesirable phenomena encountered in the operation of a centrifugal pump is cavitation. It causes structural damage, vibration, and blockage of mass flow, leading to a drop in performance and life of the pump. This study addresses cavitation modeling of a single‐stage centrifugal pump and aims at minimizing cavitation by introducing an inducer upstream of the impeller. Furthermore, it aims at understanding different multiphase modeling schemes by a computational fluid dynamics software and its variation from single‐phase flows. The results from the numerical model are first validated against standard experimental data to check the credibility of the model. After validation, a single‐phase analysis is performed for a wide range of operating conditions. Subsequently, the Schnerr‐Sauer cavitation model is invoked and a multiphase analysis is carried out for the same. The results obtained shows that the inducer is effective in reducing the amount of cavitation for a substantial number of operating conditions. The effectiveness of the inducer is calculated, and a 96% effectiveness is observed at the best efficiency point. Furthermore, data from single‐phase and multiphase analysis are compared, and a method based on absolute pressure is proposed, which can provide results with significant accuracy without the need for expensive computation. Finally, Zwart‐Gerber‐Belamri model is used for cavitation modeling, and the behavior of the scheme is compared with Schnerr‐Sauer model. The pump parameters are compared, and the obtained results show close similarity between the two models.
General Dentists and Special Needs Patients: Does Dental Education Matter?
Authors: Dao Loan P. , Zwetchkenbaum Samuel , Inglehart Marita Rohr 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpecial needs patients are one of the underserved dental patient groups in the United States. This study investigates whether undergraduate dental education about special needs patients affects general dentists’ a) professional behavior, b) practice characteristics, and c) attitudes concerning special needs patients. Data were collected from 208 general dentists (178 male/30 female; average age: 49.85 years) who were members of the Michigan Dental Association. The more the respondents agreed that dental education had prepared them well, the more likely they were to treat various types of special needs patients and to set up their practices so they could treat them and the more they liked treating these patients. In conclusion, most general dentists did not think their undergraduate dental education had prepared them well to treat special needs patients. However, the better they reported to have been educated, the more likely they were to treat special needs patients. Given the access to care problems for many special needs patients, it seems crucial to revise dental curricula and provide more didactic and clinical education concerning the treatment of special needs patients.
Use of Computer Technology to Modify Objective Structured Clinical Examinations
Authors: Holyfield Lavern J. , Bolin Kenneth A. , Rankin Kathleen V. , Shulman Jay D. , Jones Daniel L. , Eden Becky DeSpain 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are multistationed clinical examinations that have been shown to be effective in testing students’ ability to integrate the knowledge, skills, and attitudes acquired during their preclinical and clinical training and experiences. The original OSCE for the third‐year Preventive Dentistry course at Baylor College of Dentistry was based on the traditional format consisting of four sections of twelve stations with a group of twelve students rotating through each of the sections simultaneously. This arrangement allowed for examination of one‐half of the class. The other half of the class took the exam on an alternate date. To reduce the disruption caused by the students’ moving from station to station and to allow for examination of the entire class in one setting, the traditional concept was modified using computer technology, and the twelve stations “moved” via a PowerPoint presentation while students remained stationary. Questions on both exams provided a means for testing data interpretation, diagnostic skills, and, to some extent, interpersonal skills. The overall atmosphere during the computer‐based examination was less chaotic. Each student received identical instructions, explanations, and time allotments to respond to the information presented. The ratio of faculty to students required to monitor the exam was less than required for the traditional format. Additionally, since there was no need to allow time for student transition, the total time required to administer the exam was reduced. Thus, objective assessment of the entire class was accomplished using fewer faculty members and less class time and with less disruption for the students.
The Oral Health Information Suite (OHIS): Its Use in the Management of Periodontal Disease
Authors: Page Roy C. , Martin John A. , Loeb Carl F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHealth care costs continue to increase at a rapid rate. Dental costs alone have risen from $31.5 billion in 1990 to $70.3 billion in 2002, outpacing inflation by 160 percent. Payers for health care services have no means to evaluate the value of these large expenditures. Quantified information is not available regarding a patient's condition prior to and after treatment nor on the probability of future disease. The absence of this information prevents dentists from responding effectively to challenges by payers and patients, and specifically prevents dentists from effectively influencing the quality of periodontal care. We have developed a user‐friendly Internet‐based technology that quantifies risk for periodontitis and periodontal disease severity and extent and generates recommended treatments and interventions. A caries risk assessment tool has also been developed, and an oral cancer assessment tool is being developed. This technology, designated the Oral Health Information Suite (OHIS)™, provides quantitative information to the clinician and patient as an aid to diagnosis and to facilitate individual, needs‐based treatment planning. OHIS enables successful application of the wellness model of oral health care, which may be expected to result in more uniform and accurate clinical decision making, improved oral health, reduction in the need for complex periodontal therapy, reduction in oral health care costs, and improved clinician productivity and income. It also will permit patients to become more involved in their oral health care, payers to quantify and predict their health care expenditures, dentists to experience an increase in trust and respect, and periodontists to be more properly consulted regarding periodontal care.
Dental Biomaterials: Where Are We and Where Are We Going?
Authors: Bayne Stephen C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article reviews the current state of the art for restorative biomaterials by examining the roles of 1) truly biological biomaterials, with respect to the “near‐future” of five to ten years, 2) traditional synthetic biomaterials, and 3) performance outcomes for biomaterials. Biological biomaterials are discussed in terms of tissue engineering and stem cell research, self‐assembling system opportunities, and nanotechniques or technologies. Future developments for major areas of synthetic biomaterials are considered for bonding systems, composites, VLC curing, ceramics, and cements. Performance outcomes are discussed for all biomaterials in terms of safety, efficacy, and longevity of materials.
The Ethical Climate in Academic Dentistry in India: Faculty and Student Perceptions
Authors: Acharya Shashidhar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study were to describe both the ethical climate in a private dental institution in India and the possible influence of selected factors in influencing faculty and students’ perception of their institution's ethical environment. The Ethical‐Climate Questionnaire and the General‐Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12) were completed by twenty‐eight full‐time faculty and forty‐seven final‐year undergraduate students. Results showed that, overall, the study population had a mixed opinion about the ethical climate in their institution. Psychological distress and academic experience played an important role in shaping the perception of institutional ethics among the study population. The results showed that there is a need for better communication of the institution's ethical policies and better ethical training to help the faculty and students recognize their institution's commitment to ethics.
An Evidence‐Based Journal Club for Dental Residents in a GPR Program
Authors: Grant William D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe journal club offers a significant opportunity to serve as both an educational experience but also as a real‐world example of the application of the principles and practices of evidence‐based dentistry (EBD). Designed around the American Dental Association's recommended four steps in the implementation of the EBD process, the journal clubs are held once per month for GPR residents. The structured process allows residents to formulate answerable clinical questions, track down with maximum efficiency the best evidence with which to answer the questions, critically appraise the evidence for its validity and usefulness, and apply the results of this appraisal in clinical practice as appropriate.
Evolution of Dental School Clinics as Patient Care Delivery Centers
Authors: Formicola Allan J. , Myers Ronnie , Hasler John F. , Peterson Melanie , Dodge William , Bailit Howard L. , Beazoglou Tryfon , Tedesco Lisa A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDental school clinics, originally envisioned as closely similar to private practice, evolved instead as teaching clinics. In the former, graduate and licensed dentists perform the treatment while undergraduate dental students are assigned treatment within their capabilities. In the latter, dental students provide the treatment under faculty supervision. It is generally recognized that the care provided by the teaching clinics is inefficient. However, in the last quarter of the twentieth century, dental school clinics began to pay much more attention to how treatment is rendered. The comprehensive care movement and quality assurance systems are leading towards more efficient patient‐centered care. Case studies at the University of Maryland, Columbia University, and University of Louisville describe activities to make their clinic programs more efficient and patient‐friendly. This article explores whether the potential exists for faculty to take a direct patient care delivery role in dental clinics in order for those clinics to become efficient patient care delivery systems as originally envisioned in the early part of the twentieth century.