bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endogenous Interleukin 18 Suppresses Liver Regeneration After Hepatectomy in Mice
Authors: Ma Tao , Zhang Yibo , Lao Mengyi , Chen Wen , Hu Qida , Zhi Xiao , Chen Zhiliang , Bai Xueli , Dang Xiaowei , Liang Tingbo 
Published: December 2019

The comprehensive role of interleukin (IL) 18 during liver regeneration is barely studied. Our aim is to evaluate the role of IL18 in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) in mice. The expression profile of IL18 in the liver and the gut after 70% PH was measured. Liver samples after 70% and 85% PH from IL18 knockout (IL18−/−) mice and wild type (WT) mice were collected for comparison of liver regeneration. The effect of recombinant IL18 on liver regeneration was tested in IL18−/− mice, and the utility of IL18 binding protein (BP) was also evaluated following 70% PH in WT mice. Expression levels of IL18 in the liver and the gut elevated after 70% PH. The liver weight/body weight ratios (LBWRs) after PH were significantly higher in IL18−/− mice than those in WT mice. Recombinant IL18 injection significantly decreased LBWR at 7 days after 70% PH in IL18−/− mice. The expression of cyclin D1, EdU labeling index, and Ki‐67 proliferation index were much higher in IL18−/− mice than those in WT mice after 70% PH. The expression level of glypican 3 (GPC3) in WT mice significantly elevated during liver regeneration. In contrast, the expression level of GPC3 in IL18−/− mice remained roughly unchanged during liver regeneration. IL18BP injection significantly increased the LBWR at 7 days after 70% PH in WT mice. In conclusion, endogenous IL18 inhibited liver regeneration after PH in mice, possibly through up‐regulating GPC3. IL18BP may be an effective agent to promote liver regeneration after PH.
PELP1 signaling contributes to medulloblastoma progression by regulating the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Luo Yiliao , Li Mengxing , Pratap Uday P. , Viswanadhapalli Suryavathi , Liu Junhao , Venkata Prabhakar P. , Altwegg Kristin A. , Palacios Bridgitte E. , Li Xiaonan , Chen Yihong , Rao Manjeet K. , Brenner Andrew J. , Sareddy Gangadhara R. , Vadlamudi Ratna K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMedulloblastoma (MB) is the most common and deadliest brain tumor in children. Proline‐, glutamic acid‐, and leucine‐rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a scaffolding protein and its oncogenic signaling is implicated in the progression of several cancers. However, the role of PELP1 in the progression of MB remains unknown. The objective of this study is to examine the role of PELP1 in the progression of MB. Immunohistochemical analysis of MB tissue microarrays revealed that PELP1 is overexpressed in the MB specimens compared to normal brain. Knockdown of PELP1 reduced cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell invasion of MB cell lines. The RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that PELP1 knockdown significantly downregulated the pathways related to inflammation and extracellular matrix. Gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that the PELP1‐regulated genes were negatively correlated with nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), extracellular matrix, and angiogenesis gene sets. Interestingly, PELP1 knockdown reduced the expression of NF‐κB target genes, NF‐κB reporter activity, and inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65. Importantly, the knockdown of PELP1 significantly reduced in vivo MB progression in orthotopic models and improved the overall mice survival. Collectively, these results suggest that PELP1 could be a novel target for therapeutic intervention in MB.
Half‐mode SIW cavity antenna for tri‐band MIMO applications
Authors: Niu Bing‐Jian , Tan Jie‐Hong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA half‐mode (HM) substrate‐integrated‐waveguide (SIW) cavity antenna is designed for tri‐band multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) applications. Three cavity edges are shorted by metal posts while one aperture is open to radiate cavity energy into free space. To meet MIMO applications, a T‐shaped slot is etched to split the single HM cavity into two equal SIW subcavities and then they are excited by coaxial feeding ports to realize two antenna elements. To obtain tri‐band operations, four additional rectangle slots are cut, which introduces six quarter modes with different resonating regions. With the cavity size of 0.20λ0 × 0.40λ0, a fabricated prototype exhibits three operating bands with center frequencies of 3.33, 4.09, and 4.72 GHz and peak gain of 4.51, 4.05, and 3.93 dBi. Moreover, the measured port isolation is higher than 18.26 dB and the measured envelope correlation coefficient is below 0.05 within the frequency of interest.
Phase‐based T2mapping with gradient echo imaging
Authors: Wang Xiaoke , Hernando Diego , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTransverse relaxation time (T2) mapping with MRI has a plethora of clinical and research applications. Current T2mapping techniques are based primarily on spin‐echo (SE) relaxometry strategies that rely on the signal magnitude, and often suffer from lengthy acquisition times. In this work, we propose a phase‐based T2mapping technique where T2information is encoded into the signal phase of rapid gradient echo (GRE) acquisitions.TheoryBloch equation simulations demonstrate that the phase of GRE acquisitions obtained with a very small inter‐repetition RF phase increment has a strong monotonic dependence on T2, resulting from coherent transverse magnetization. This T2‐dependent phase behavior forms the basis of the proposed T2mapping technique. To isolate T2‐dependent phase from background phase, at least 2 data sets with different RF phase increments are acquired. The proposed method can also be combined with chemical shift encoded MRI to separate water and fat signals.MethodsThe feasibility of the proposed technique was validated in a phantom experiment. In vivo feasibility was demonstrated in the brain, knee, abdomen, and pelvis. Comparisons were made with SE‐based T2mapping, spectroscopy, and T2values from the literature.ResultsThe proposed method produced accurate T2maps compared with SE‐based T2mapping in the phantom. Good qualitative agreement was observed in vivo between the proposed method and the reference. T2measured in various anatomies agreed well with values reported in the literature.ConclusionA phase‐based T2mapping technique was developed and its feasibility demonstrated in phantoms and in vivo.
Generalized simultaneous multi‐orientation 2D imaging
Authors: Mickevicius Nikolai J. , Nencka Andrew S. , Paulson Eric S. 
Published: December 2019

PurposeFlexibility in slice prescription is critical for precise motion monitoring during MR‐guided therapies. Adding more slices to improve spatial coverage during rapid 2D cine imaging often hampers temporal resolution. This work describes a framework to simultaneously acquire multiple arbitrarily oriented slices which share a common frequency encoding axis. This framework allows for higher frame rates for a given number of slices compared to conventional interleaved‐slice multi‐orientation cine imaging.Theory and MethodsA framework to calculate zeroth gradient moments to be played out between sequentially excited slices with multiple orientations is described here. Experiments were performed in phantom, and in vivo in the head/neck and abdomen of patients.ResultsImages arbitrarily rotated relative to one another were successfully obtained in phantom and in vivo. Simultaneous multi‐orientation (SMO) images were also acquired with additional in‐plane acceleration to demonstrate the capability of this method to rapidly image objects moving with physiological motion.ConclusionsThe technical feasibility of the generalized SMO imaging framework was tested in this study. It shows promise for continued development for motion monitoring during MR‐guided therapies.
Modeling Brook Trout Carrying Capacity in Owhi Lake, Washington, Using Bioenergetics
Authors: Taylor Timothy N. , Cross Benjamin K. , Moore Barry C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The management of fish populations often requires an understanding of how density-dependent effects influence population dynamics. In systems where natural populations are supplemented with stocking, the question of “how much food is available” becomes increasingly important. One typical approach for assessing density-dependent interactions is to identify disparities between fish consumption rates and food availability. The objective of our study was to determine whether seasonal lake prey production could support Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis consumption demand in Owhi Lake, Washington, at observed abundances. Brook Trout were collected seasonally from 2015 to 2017 to obtain information on length, weight, age, diet, growth, and mortality. Population abundance was estimated in summer by using hydroacoustic surveys. Littoral invertebrates and pelagic zooplankton were collected concurrently with fish to enumerate biomass and production. Bioenergetics modeling was used to estimate prey consumption by Brook Trout. In conjunction with supply–demand comparisons, we used growth efficiencies and maximum consumption rates to further identify potential seasonal and annual food limitations. Our results suggest that prey production could support Brook Trout consumption demand for all years, but littoral invertebrate consumption was close to or exceeded prey production in summer and fall 2017. Growth efficiency was lowest and maximum consumption rates were highest in summer 2017 relative to all other seasons and years. In addition to observed diet switching from littoral invertebrates to zooplankton in summer 2016 and 2017, we concluded that lower growth efficiencies, lower annual survival rates, and increased consumption rates were influenced by littoral invertebrate production. The Owhi Lake Brook Trout stocking program may require adaptive management (i.e., annual evaluations) to balance natural recruitment.
Mechanisms of Parenteral Nutrition–Associated Liver and Gut Injury
Authors: Madnawat Himani , Welu Adam L. , Gilbert Ester J. , Taylor Derian B. , Jain Sonali , Manithody Chandrashekhara , Blomenkamp Keith , Jain Ajay K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractParenteral nutrition (PN) has revolutionized the care of patients with intestinal failure by providing nutrition intravenously. Worldwide, PN remains a standard tool of nutrition delivery in neonatal, pediatric, and adult patients. Though the benefits are evident, patients receiving PN can suffer serious cholestasis due to lack of enteral feeding and sometimes have fatal complications from liver injury and gut atrophy, including PN‐associated liver disease or intestinal failure–associated liver disease. Recent studies into gut‐systemic cross talk via the bile acid–regulated farnesoid X receptor (FXR)–fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) axis, gut microbial control of the TGR5–glucagon‐like peptide (GLP) axis, sepsis, and role of prematurity of hepatobiliary receptors are greatly broadening our understanding of PN‐associated injury. It has also been shown that the composition of ω‐6/ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids given parenterally as lipid emulsions can variably drive damage to hepatocytes and cell integrity. This manuscript reviews the mechanisms for the multifactorial pathogenesis of liver disease and gut injury with PN and discusses novel ameliorative strategies.
Acute Hepatic Failure and Nutrition
Authors: Kappus Matthew Robert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMalnutrition is prevalent in patients with hepatic failure and remains an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in these patients. Factors that contribute to malnutrition in this patient population include altered metabolic rate, fat malabsorption, and impaired gastric emptying, all in the setting of an acute and potentially prolonged hospitalization. Acute liver failure (ALF), different from cirrhosis or chronic liver disease, is an uncommon but dramatic clinical syndrome that demonstrates severe and rapid decline in hepatic metabolic function. ALF has a significant risk of mortality. There are >10 cases per million persons per year in developed countries, but ALF presents with unique challenges in clinical management related to heterogeneity in severity and etiology. Patients with ALF by definition should not have a prior history of liver disease, and liver disease is subsequently defined by the onset of liver injury, the presence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and coagulopathy as defined by an international normalized ratio > 1.5. HE usually develops within 1–4 weeks of the onset of liver injury but may occur within 26 weeks of the initial presentation. Rates of survival from ALF have improved over recent years, but the rarity and severity of presentation have resulted in traditionally limited evidence to guide basic supportive care. Over time, advances in critical care management and the use of emergency liver transplantation have improved. In this article, we will review current nutrition considerations for patients with ALF.
A nodal integration scheme for meshfree Galerkin methods using the virtual element decomposition
Authors: Silva‐Valenzuela R. , Ortiz‐Bernardin A. , Sukumar N. , Artioli E. , Hitschfeld‐Kahler N. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIn this article, we present a novel nodal integration scheme for meshfree Galerkin methods, which draws on the mathematical framework of the virtual element method. We adopt linear maximum‐entropy basis functions for the discretization of field variables, although the proposed scheme is applicable to any linear meshfree approximant. In our approach, the weak form integrals are nodally integrated using nodal representative cells that carry the nodal displacements and state variables such as strains and stresses. The nodal integration is performed using the virtual element decomposition, wherein the bilinear form is decomposed into a consistency part and a stability part that ensure consistency and stability of the method. The performance of the proposed nodal integration scheme is assessed through benchmark problems in linear and nonlinear analyses of solids for small displacements and small‐strain kinematics. Numerical results are presented for linear elastostatics and linear elastodynamics and viscoelasticity. We demonstrate that the proposed nodally integrated meshfree method is accurate, converges optimally, and is more reliable and robust than a standard cell‐based Gauss integrated meshfree method.
Solution to the topology optimization problem using a time‐evolution equation
Authors: Murai Daisuke , Kawamoto Atsushi , Kondoh Tsuguo 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis article describes a numerical solution to the topology optimization problem using a time‐evolution equation. The design variables of the topology optimization problem are defined as a mathematical scalar function in a given design domain. The scalar function is projected to the normalized density function. The adjoint variable method is used to determine the gradient defined as the ratio of the variation of the objective function or constraint function to the variation of the design variable. The variation of design variables is obtained using the solution of the time‐evolution equation in which the source term and Neumann boundary condition are given as a negative gradient. The distribution of design variables yielding an optimal solution is obtained by time integration of the solution of the time‐evolution equation. By solving the topology optimization problem using the proposed method, it is shown that the objective function decreases when the constraints are satisfied. Furthermore, we apply the proposed method to the thermal resistance minimization problem under the total volume constraint and the mean compliance minimization problem under the total volume constraint.
Resolving complex community problems: Applying collective leadership and Kotter's change model to wicked problems within social system networks
Authors: Caulfield Jay L. , Brenner Elizabeth F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow does collective leadership within social networks resolve chronic and complex problems common to communities? Unfortunately, sometimes it does not, but when it does, the outcome may be truly extraordinary. We use a case study approach to explain how one Midwest community within the USA applied collective leadership within a community network to reduce teen births. It took ten years of what many identified as provocative media campaigns and comprehensive sex education programs to reduce teen births by 65%, significantly exceeding the stated goal. Using Kotter's change model as a backdrop, powerful strategies and provocative creativity reveal courageous leadership within a social network of diverse people and organizations focused on improving the social well being of their community.
Label‐Free Quantitative Proteomics Distinguishes General and Site‐Specific Host Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection at the Ocular Surface
Authors: Yeung Jason , Gadjeva Mihaela , Geddes‐McAlister Jennifer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMass spectrometry‐based proteomics enables the unbiased and sensitive profiling of cellular proteomes and extracellular environments. Recent technological and bioinformatic advances permit identifying dual biological systems in a single experiment, supporting investigation of infection from both the host and pathogen perspectives. At the ocular surface, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly associated with biofilm formation and inflammation of the ocular tissues, causing damage to the eye. The interaction between P. aeruginosa and the immune system at the site of infection describes limitations in clearance of infection and enhanced pathogenesis. Here, the extracellular environment (eye wash) of murine ocular surfaces infected with a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa is profiled and neutrophil marker proteins are detected, indicating neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection. The first potential diagnostic markers of P. aeruginosa‐associated keratitis are also identified. In addition, the deepest murine corneal proteome to date is defined and proteins, categories, and networks critical to the host response are detected. Moreover, the first identification of bacterial proteins attached to the ocular surface is reported. The findings are validated through in silico comparisons and enzymatic profiling. Overall, the work provides comprehensive profiling of the host–pathogen interface and uncovers differences between general and site‐specific host responses to infection.
People–plant interactions and the ecological self
Authors: DelSesto Matthew 
Published: December 2019

Societal Impact StatementThis article calls attention to a promising area of research and practice with great societal impact: the potential of people–plant interactions to transform individuals and communities. Overall, the article connects insights from the practice of therapeutic horticulture to broader perspectives from social theory. A better understanding of these connections can increase opportunities for meaningful human engagements with plants and encourage implementation of interventions that might contribute to the flourishing of personal, community, and ecological life.SummaryThis article investigates some of the important contributions that plant environments can make to the transformation of the self, and to social life more generally. While therapeutic horticulture practices demonstrate the positive impacts that plants have on human health, social theories of the self do not typically account for what can be learned from these practices. Accordingly, this article reviews theories of the self with an eye toward understanding how people–plant interactions invite new approaches to the self. This perspective demonstrates that, much like living plant ecologies, the self can be conceived as highly relational and interdependent. A spectrum of people–plant interactions is introduced to clarify the variety of possible situations that might contribute to the emergence of a more ecological self. Conclusions about how the experience of people–plant interactions contributes to the transformation of the self are offered, with relevance for future scholarly research and horticultural practice.
Effect of Chewing on the Expression of Salivary Protein Composition: A Systematic Review
Authors: Al‐Manei Khaled , Almotairy Nabeel , Bostanci Nagihan , Kumar Abhishek , Grigoriadis Anastasios 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSalivary proteins have an imperative role in the maintenance of oral health and repairing mechanisms of injured tissues. However, there is paucity of information reported in the literature about the influence of chewing activities on the secretion or expression of salivary proteins. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect of chewing on the expression of salivary proteins composition in healthy individuals. A thorough systematic search shows 14 eligible studies for the review. The results of the systematic review show the effect of chewing on total protein concentration, alpha‐amylase (α‐amylase), peroxidase, lysozyme, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and mucin. Six papers concluded that chewing has a little or no effect on total protein concentration, α‐amylase, peroxidase, lysozyme, and IgA activities. Five papers reported a negative (decreasing) effect of chewing on the function of total protein, α‐amylase, IgA, and mucin. Only two papers showed an increase in total protein and IgA function upon chewing stimulation. The results of this systematic review indicate that more standardized evidence‐based research is required for better assessment of chewing effects on salivary proteins. Within the limitations of this review, the existing evidence suggests that chewing in healthy people has minimum effect on the expression and activities of salivary proteins.
Finding the generalized molecular principles of protein thermal stability
Authors: Hait Suman , Mallik Saurav , Basu Sudipto , Kundu Sudip 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAre there any generalized molecular principles of thermal adaptation? Here, integrating the concepts of structural bioinformatics, sequence analysis, and classical knot theory, we develop a robust computational framework that seeks for mechanisms of thermal adaptation by comparing orthologous mesophilic‐thermophilic and mesophilic‐hyperthermophilic proteins of remarkable structural and topological similarities, and still leads us to context‐independent results. A comprehensive analysis of 4741 high‐resolution, non‐redundant X‐ray crystallographic structures collected from 11 hyperthermophilic, 32 thermophilic and 53 mesophilic prokaryotes unravels at least five “nearly universal” signatures of thermal adaptation, irrespective of the enormous sequence, structure, and functional diversity of the proteins compared. A careful investigation further extracts a set of amino acid changes that can potentially enhance protein thermal stability, and remarkably, these mutations are overrepresented in protein crystallization experiments, in disorder‐to‐order transitions and in engineered thermostable variants of existing mesophilic proteins. These results could be helpful to find a precise, global picture of thermal adaptation.