bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of cortical synapse development and plasticity by MET receptor tyrosine kinase, a genetic risk factor for autism
Authors: Ma Xiaokuang , Qiu Shenfeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe key developmental milestone events of the human brain, such as neurogenesis, synapse formation, maturation, and plasticity, are determined by a myriad of molecular signaling events, including those mediated by a number of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their cognate ligands. Aberrant or mistimed brain development and plasticity can lead to maladaptive changes, such as dysregulated synaptic connectivity and breakdown of circuit functions necessary for cognition and adaptive behaviors, which are hypothesized pathophysiologies of many neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we review recent literature that supports autism spectrum disorder as a likely result of aberrant synapse development due to mistimed maturation and plasticity. We focus on MET RTK, a prominent genetic risk factor for autism, and discuss how a pleiotropic molecular signaling system engaged by MET exemplifies a genetic program that controls cortical circuit development and plasticity by modulating the anatomical and functional connectivity of cortical circuits, thus conferring genetic risk for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Preoperative systemic inflammatory markers are prognostic indicators in recurrent adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Gaitanidis Apostolos , Wiseman Douglas , el Lakis Mustapha , Nilubol Naris , Kebebew Electron , Patel Dhaval 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) has a poor prognosis with minimal clinical and biochemical factors to guide management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of systemic inflammatory response in patients with recurrent ACC.MethodsPatients who underwent resection for recurrent ACC were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR), and mean platelet volume were calculated.ResultsTwenty‐five patients (age at operation 52.2 ± 9.5 years) were identified. We observed a statistically significant shorter disease‐specific survival (DSS) in patients with LMR less than 4 (41 ± 7.4 months vs 71 ± 12.3, P = .023) and male sex (26.6 ± 4.2 months vs 57.6 ± 9.5 months, P = .079), while time‐to‐recurrence (TTR) less than 12 months (40 ± 7.7 months vs 70.3 ± 13.1 months, P = .059) had a trend on univariate analysis for worse DSS. On multivariable analysis, LMR < 4 (hazard ratio [HR] 4.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18‐14.76; P = .027) and TTR less than 12 months (HR 2.77 95% CI: 1‐7.62; P = .049) were found to be significantly associated with worse DSS.ConclusionPreoperative LMR greater than 4 and TTR greater than 12 months are associated with longer DSS. Patients with LMR greater than 4 and TTR greater than 12 months may benefit from a more aggressive therapeutic approach and may require less frequent surveillance.
Outcomes of surgery and postoperative radiation therapy in managing medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Groen Andries H. , Beckham Thomas H. , Links Thera P. , Goldman Debra A. , Sherman Eric J. , Tuttle Michael M. , Bijl Hendrik P. , Wong Richard J. , Plukker John Th. M. , Lee Nancy Y. ,   and other Group/Consortium Members
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe evaluated the outcomes of surgery with or without postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) in the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).MethodsFrom two tertiary cancer centers, 297 consecutive patients with MTC treated with PORT (n = 46) between 1990 and 2016 or surgery alone (n = 251) between 2000 and 2016 were reviewed.ResultsTen‐year cumulative incidences of locoregional and distant failure were 30.2% and 24.9% in the surgery cohort, and 16.9% and 55.2% in the PORT cohort. In the surgery alone cohort, T4 disease, extrathyroidal extension, N1 disease, extranodal extension (ENE), and residual disease after surgery were associated with local failure. The PORT cohort had significantly higher proportions of patients with T4 disease, N1 disease, ENE, and residual disease.ConclusionsHigh‐risk clinical features can help identify patients with MTC at high‐risk for local failure after surgery alone. Patients with high‐risk clinical features had effective locoregional control after PORT.
Self‐assembly of poly(ionic liquid) functionalized mesoporous magnetic microspheres for the solid‐phase extraction of preservatives from milk samples
Authors: Gao Yiqian , Wang Yucen , Yan Yinghua , Tang Keqi , Ding Chuan‐Fan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work, a novel, rapid, and simple analytical method was proposed for the detection of parabens in milk sample by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. At the same time, milk sample was pretreated by magnetic solid phase extraction, which detected up to five parabens. A series of important parameters of magnetic solid phase extraction were investigated and optimized, such as pH value of loading buffer, amount of material, adsorption time, ionic strength, eluting solvents, and eluting time. Under the optimized conditions, the corresponding values were more than 0.9991, limits of detection and the limit of quantification were 0.1 and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. In addition, the recoveries were achieved in range of 95–105%, the liner range were within 0.1–600 ng/mL, and the relative standard deviations were even lower than 5%.
Destination image formation: Towards a holistic approach
Authors: Kislali Hidayet , Kavaratzis Mihalis , Saren Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article develops a holistic framework of destination image formation capturing the dynamic nature of the image and incorporating information sources and socio‐cultural factors. We combine a focused literature review with the findings of an empirical investigation on the image of Turkey. Utilizing the innovative combination of repertory grid technique, scenario analysis, and online information search, we conducted 32 qualitative interviews with U.K.‐based, non‐Turkish participants. The study shows the necessity for a holistic view of destination image and clarifies the dynamic nature of the image by showing how it is transformed through the information flow from traditional and online sources.
Direct and indirect effects of long‐term ditch‐buried straw return on soil bacterial community in a rice–wheat rotation system
Authors: Yang Haishui , Meng Yi , Feng Jinxia , Li Yifan , Zhai Silong , Liu Jian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDitch‐buried straw return (DB‐SR) is a novel soil tillage and fertility building practice that is effective in regulating soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics and hydrothermal processes in rice–wheat rotation systems. However, the effects of DB‐SR on soil bacterial community are still largely unclear. We deciphered soil bacterial community with high‐throughput sequencing under various returning approaches, burial depths, and straw amounts after 6.5 years of DB‐SR application. Our results showed that DB‐SR structured distinctive soil bacterial community with rotary tillage straw return (RT‐SR; one‐way analysis of similarities [ANOSIM]: P < .01). RT‐SR significantly reduced soil bacterial diversity by 3.87%, but DB‐SR could maintain it (P > .05). These variations were mainly caused by water content‐driven changes in soil organic carbon. Also, bacterial community composition was distinctive among burial depth treatment (one‐way ANOSIM: P < .05), and deeper burial reduced species richness and diversity (P < .05). Variation in C/N ratio could mostly explain the alterations in soil bacterial community structure under different burial depths. Moreover, the amount of straw buried had no significant effect on soil bacterial species richness or diversity (P > .05), but bacterial community composition was more dissimilar with increasing straw amount (one‐way ANOSIM: P < .01). Our results suggest that long‐term DB‐SR can maintain the bacterial community structure in the surface soil layers when compared with conventional RT‐SR, but taking the current production level into consideration, the burial depth should not be greater than 20 cm for incorporating the full amounts of straws.
Expression of genes involved in phagocytosis in uncultured heterotrophic flagellates
Authors: Labarre Aurelie , Obiol Aleix , Wilken Susanne , Forn Irene , Massana Ramon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEnvironmental molecular sequencing has revealed an abundance of microorganisms that were previously unknown, mainly because most had not been cultured in the laboratory. Within this novel diversity, there are the uncultured MAST clades (MArine STramenopiles), which are major components of marine heterotrophic flagellates (HFs) thought to be active bacterial grazers. In this study, we investigated the gene expression of natural HFs in a mixed community where bacterivory was promoted. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization and 18S rDNA derived from metatranscriptomics, we followed the taxonomic dynamics during the incubation, and confirmed the increase in relative abundance of different MAST lineages. We then used single cell genomes of several MAST species to gain an insight into their most expressed genes, with a particular focus on genes related to phagocytosis. The genomes of MAST‐4A and MAST‐4B were the most represented in the metatranscriptomes, and we identified highly expressed genes of these two species involved in motility and cytoskeleton remodeling, as well as many lysosomal enzymes. Particularly relevant were the cathepsins, which are characteristic digestive enzymes of the phagolysosome and the rhodopsins, perhaps used for vacuole acidification. The combination of single cell genomics and metatranscriptomics gives insights on the phagocytic capacity of uncultured and ecologically relevant HF species.
Biofilm pads—an easy method to manufacture artificial biofilms embedded in an alginate polymer matrix
Authors: Reinhardt Timm , Moelzner Jana , Neu Thomas R. , Fink Patrick 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPeriphytic biofilms are the major resource for many herbivorous invertebrates in both marine and freshwater benthos. They are of crucial importance for benthic food webs, substrate stability, and biogeochemical processes in littoral zones. While the importance of invertebrate grazing on biofilms has been studied extensively using natural, mixed algal communities grown on artificial substrates, there is so far no method available to create defined periphyton communities for these grazing studies. The reason for this is that many benthic algae interact with co‐occurring species within the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) that form the nonorganismic part of the biofilm. Here, we present a novel method that allows the manufacturing of defined monoculture and multispecies biofilms by using an alginate polymer as artificial EPS structure, into which algal cultures can be embedded. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we show that alginate effectively embeds various algal taxa in an EPS matrix that is very similar to natural biofilms. In a grazing experiment, we demonstrate that several common freshwater herbivorous invertebrates can graze these alginate biofilms efficiently. As the method is easy to handle, it allows for highly controlled feeding experiments with benthic herbivores to assess, for example, the role of algal biodiversity on the efficiency of top‐down control, the effects of environmental drivers such as nutrients, salinity, or seawater acidification on biofilm community structure, and the impacts of herbivory in benthic communities.
The typeface curvature effect: The role of typeface curvature in increasing preference toward hedonic products
Authors: Wang Lei , Yu Yining , Li Ou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCharacters with a variety of typefaces are ubiquitous in our daily lives. How do typeface characteristics influence consumers’ preferences toward different kinds of products? The current research identifies the effect of an important design characteristic of typefaces—curvature on consumers’ preferences toward hedonic products. Our four experiments reveal that when consumers are exposed to hedonic products whose advertisements or packaging use round typefaces (high curvature), they show greater preferences toward them. This phenomenon is induced by the implicit associations between round typefaces and hedonic products which automatically initiate consumers’ mental simulation of experiences related with the products. This simulation process triggers pleasant feelings which eventually enhance preferences. We conclude with the implications of these findings for marketers, such as for their typeface choices in marketing actions. Theoretically, we contribute to a growing body of research examining the congruity between typeface characteristics and product type.
Evolutionary changes of an intestinal Lactobacillus reuteri during probiotic manufacture
Authors: López Lázaro , Calderón Diana , Cardenas Paúl , Prado María B. , Valle Carlos , Trueba Gabriel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProbiotic bacteria are frequently used to treat intestinal diseases or to improve health; however, little is known about the evolutionary changes of these bacteria during probiotic manufacture and the bacterial ability to colonize the intestine. It has been observed that when bacteria adapt to a new environment, they lose some traits required to thrive in the original niche. In this study, a strain of Lactobacillus reuteri was isolated from mouse duodenum and subjected to 150 serial passes in milk to simulate the industrial propagation of probiotic bacteria. The strains adapted to milk outperformed their ancestor when grown in milk; we also showed evidence of reduced intestinal colonization of milk‐adapted strains. Whole‐genome sequencing showed that bacterial adaptation to milk selects mutants with altered metabolic functions.
Asymptotic behavior of solutions to anisotropic conservation laws in two‐dimensional space
Authors: Li Kaiqiang 
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of solutions for anisotropic conservation laws in two‐dimensional space, provided with step‐like initial conditions that approach the constant states u± (u−<u+) as x→±∞, respectively. It shows that there is a global classical solution that converges toward the rarefaction wave, ie, the unique entropy solution of the Riemann problem for the nonviscous Burgers' equation in one‐dimensional space.
Simultaneous proton magnetic resonance fingerprinting and sodium MRI
Authors: Yu Zidan , Madelin Guillaume , Sodickson Daniel K. , Cloos Martijn A. 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe goal of this work is to demonstrate a method for the simultaneous acquisition of proton multiparametric maps (T1, T2, and proton density) and sodium density images in 1 single scan. We hope that the development of such capabilities will help to ease the implementation of sodium MRI in clinical trials and provide more opportunities for researchers to investigate metabolism through sodium MRI.MethodsWe developed a sequence based on magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF), which contains interleaved proton (1H) and sodium (23Na) excitations followed by a simultaneous center‐out radial readout for both nuclei. The receive chain of a 7T scanner was modified to enable simultaneous acquisition of1H and23Na signal. The obtained signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) was evaluated, and the accuracy of both proton T1, T2, andand sodium density maps were verified in phantoms. Finally, the method was demonstrated in 2 healthy subjects.ResultsThe SNR obtained using the simultaneous measurement was almost identical to single‐nucleus measurements (<1% change). Similarly, the proton T1and T2maps remained stable (normalized root mean square error in T1≈ 2.2%, in T2≈ 1.4%, and≈ 5.4%), which indicates that the proposed sequence and hardware have no significant effects on the signal from either nucleus. In vivo measurements corroborated these results and demonstrated the feasibility of our method for in vivo application.ConclusionsWith the proposed approach, we were able to simultaneously acquire sodium density images in addition to proton T1, T2, andmaps as well as proton density images.
Improved volumetric myelin imaging in human brain using 3D dual echo inversion recovery‐prepared UTE with complex echo subtraction
Authors: Jang Hyungseok , Wei Zhao , Wu Mei , Ma Ya‐Jun , Chang Eric Y. , Corey‐Bloom Jody , Du Jiang 
Published: November 2019

PurposeInversion recovery‐based UTE (IR‐UTE) sequences have been proposed to directly image myelin with extremely short (~0.3 ms). In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of complex echo subtraction to improve 3D IR‐UTE imaging of myelin in white matter of the brain in vivo.MethodsIn IR‐UTE imaging, long T2 components in white matter (i.e., water) are suppressed using an adiabatic inversion recovery preparation pulse. Dual echo UTE data acquisition and magnitude echo subtraction are used to suppress the residual white matter and gray matter signals, providing high myelin contrast. Complex echo subtraction may further improve the myelin contrast by reducing the residual long T2 water signal contamination caused by regional T1 variations. To verify the efficacy of the complex subtraction technique, in vivo experiments were performed with 5 non‐symptomatic healthy volunteers and 5 multiple sclerosis patients on a 3T clinical MR system. Signal enhancement between the complex subtraction and the magnitude subtraction was introduced to evaluate the improvement.ResultsThe complex subtraction improved myelin contrast over the magnitude subtraction in both healthy and patient groups, with more fine myelin structures being revealed. The foci of the demyelinated lesion were more clearly detected by complex subtraction. An average signal enhancement of up to 135.9% was achieved with the complex subtraction over the magnitude subtraction.ConclusionThe complex echo subtraction improves 3D IR‐UTE morphologic imaging of myelin in white matter of the brain.
Couples coping in the community after the stroke of a spouse: A scoping review
Authors: Ramazanu Sheena , Loke Alice Yuen , Chiang Vico Chung Lim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo summarize evidence on the poststroke coping experiences of stroke patients and spousal caregivers living at home in the community.DesignA scoping review.MethodsExtensive searches were conducted in credible databases. Articles published in the English language were retrieved. Data were extracted based on study location, aims, study design, sample size, time after stroke and key findings.ResultsOut of 53 identified articles, 17 studies were included in the review. Five key themes were as follows: (a) emotional challenges; (b) role conflicts; (c) lack of strategies in coping; (d) decreased life satisfaction of the couples; and (e) marriage relationship: at a point of change. Couples were not sufficiently prepared to cope and manage with stroke at home on discharge from the hospital. This review emphasized the need for hospitals to implement policies to address the inadequate preparation of couples in coping with stroke.
Crafting a corpse, “cheating” the gods: A composite mummy from ancient Egypt studied with computed tomography
Authors: Kalampoukas Kiriakos , Kyriazi Stavroula , Maravelia Alicia , Tourna Eleni , Couvaris Constantinos M. , Michailidis Georgios , Pantazis Ioannis , Lazaris Panagiotis , Geroulanos Stefanos , Bontozoglou Nikos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractComposite mummies do not contain a corpse but are made from body parts or bones and other materials. They are genuine mummies made in ancient Egypt for spiritual reasons. This article describes the study of a composite human mummy using computed tomography (CT). This procedure was used to identify the bones and other materials used to make the mummy as well as the technique used for its assembly. Other findings of interest included bilateral parietal thinning and the presence of fluid levels inside many of the bones. Descriptions of composite mummies are rare in the literature, and this is the first time an adult human composite mummy has been studied using CT. These findings add to our knowledge of the composite mummies of ancient Egypt.
Diet quality of children in the United States by body mass index and sociodemographic characteristics
Authors: Thomson Jessica L. , Landry Alicia S. , Tussing‐Humphreys Lisa M. , Goodman Melissa H. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryObjectiveThe primary objective was to use the Healthy Eating Index‐2015 (HEI‐2015) to describe diet quality by categories of body mass index (BMI) and by sociodemographic characteristics within categories of BMI using a nationally representative sample of US children.MethodsDietary datasets from three cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009‐2014) were analysed for children 2 to 18 years of age (N = 8894). Using the population ratio method, mean and 95% confidence intervals for HEI‐2015 total and component scores were computed by BMI (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese) and by age (2‐5, 6‐11, and 12‐18 y), gender, race/ethnicity (non‐Hispanic black, non‐Hispanic white, Mexican American, other Hispanic, and other race), and family poverty to income ratio (below and at/above poverty threshold).ResultsHEI‐2015 mean total scores were 50.4, 55.2, 55.1, and 54.0 out of 100 points for children with underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity, respectively, and were not significantly different. Within BMI categories, significant differences in total and mean component scores were present for age and race/ethnicity groups.ConclusionsTotal and most components of diet quality did not significantly differ among child populations classified by BMI status. Within BMI categories, significant diet quality differences were found for age and race/ethnicity groups, although scores were low for all child groups. Researchers may need to address or target specific dietary components with low quality in various child populations to have the greatest effect on improving nutrition nationwide.
An efficient and comprehensive plant glycerolipids analysis approach based on high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer
Authors: Lu Shaoping , Liu Hongbo , Jin Cheng , Li Qing , Guo Liang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn past two decades, numerous lipidomics approaches based on mass spectrometry with or without liquid chromatography separation have been established for identification and quantification of lipids in plants. In this study, we developed an efficient and comprehensive lipidomics approach based on UPLC with an Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18 column coupled to TripleTOF using ESI in positive ion mode and MS/MSALL scan for data collection. Lipid extract was prepared to 2 mg/ml solution according to dry tissue weight and mixed with 13 kinds of internal standards including PA, PC, PE, and PG. Each analysis required single injection of 5–10 μl lipid solvent and completed in 32 min. A target method dataset was generated using the LipidView software for prediction of the accurate mass of target lipid species. The dataset was uploaded into the PeakView to create processing datasets to search target lipid species, which achieved batch data processing of multiple samples for lipid species‐specific identification and quantification. As proof of concept, we profiled the lipids of different tissues of rapeseed. Thirteen lipid classes including 218 glycerolipids were identified including 46 TAGs, 15 DAGs, 20 PCs, 24 PEs, 13 PGs, 14 PIs, 26 PSs, 12 PAs, 16 MGDGs, 16 DGDGs, 6 LysoPCs, 5 LysoPEs, and 5 LysoPGs. Together, our approach permits the analysis of glycerolipids in plant tissues with simplicity in sample analysis and data processing using UPLC‐TripleTOF.