bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Эрик Краг: студенческие годы в советской России
Authors: Lönngren Tamara 
Published: December 2019

Erik Krag: his student years in Soviet Russia
Erik Krag was the first Norwegian professor of Slavic literatures. The artic­­le Erik Krag: his student years in Soviet Russiapresents earlier un­known and un­pub­lished facts about his stays, including the chronological frames, in Moscow and Leningrad as a young student. These facts are evident from archive material, deposited in Oslo, Moscow and St Peters­burg. The article also demonstrates that the founder of the yaphetic theory N. Ya. Marr showed interest in the young Nor­wegian scholar.
Sipha maydissensitivity to defences ofLolium multiflorumand its endophytic fungusEpichloëoccultans
Authors: Bastías Daniel A. , Martínez-Ghersa Maria Alejandra , Newman Jonathan A. , Card Stuart D. , Mace Wade J. , Gundel Pedro E. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundPlants possess a sophisticated immune system to defend from herbivores. These defence responses are regulated by plant hormones including salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Sometimes, plant defences can be complemented by the presence of symbiotic microorganisms. A remarkable example of this are grasses establishing symbiotic associations withEpichloëfungal endophytes. We studied the level of resistance provided by the grass’ defence hormones, and that provided byEpichloëfungal endophytes, against an introduced herbivore aphid. These fungi protect their hosts against herbivores by producing bioactive alkaloids. We hypothesized that either the presence of fungal endophytes or the induction of the plant salicylic acid (SA) defence pathway would enhance the level of resistance of the grass to the aphid.MethodsLolium multiflorumplants, with and without the fungal endophyteEpichloë occultans, were subjected to an exogenous application of SA followed by a challenge with the aphid,Sipha maydis.ResultsOur results indicate that neither the presence ofE. occultansnor the induction of the plant’s SA pathway regulateS. maydispopulations. However, endophyte-symbiotic plants may have been more tolerant to the aphid feeding because these plants produced more aboveground biomass. We suggest that this insect insensitivity could be explained by a combination between the ineffectiveness of the specific alkaloids produced byE. occultansin controllingS. maydisaphids and the capacity of this herbivore to deal with hormone-dependent defences ofL. multiflorum.
NIETZSCHE E O PROCEDIMENTO GENEALÓGICO NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Nicolay Deniz Alcione 
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo tem por objetivo inicial refutar a polarização midiática, discursiva e conceitual que, há alguns anos, tem minado o solo da educação no Brasil. Nesse sentido, procura traçar rotas de fuga, frentes de combate, estratégias de resistência ao achatamento do campo profissional docente. Para isso, delineia viés metodológico inspirado no conceito de genealogia do filósofo Nietzsche. Por meio desse conceito, pretende revitalizar os significados e sentidos da prática de pesquisa sobre o ensino básico. Por fim, acredita que a mudança de perspectiva epistemológica passa pela compreensão da dinâmica das forças curriculares e pela formação permanente do professor.
Evaluation of Extension Training Program on Small-Scale Poultry and Rabbit Production Projects at Alexandria Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Elkashef Ola M. S. 
Published: December 2019

Aims: This study was undertaken to measure the efficacy of an extension training program associated with small-scale poultry and rabbit production projects in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt.
Study Design: The study was applied using two levels of the Donald L Kirkpatrick model through Action Research approach. The presented content of training program to trainees included important knowledge and skills of three topics which are broilers, ducks and rabbits to success small-scale production projects.
Place and Duration of Study: 52 trainees were considered as a purposive sample, who attended all sessions of the extension training program in the agricultural administration at Khurshid, Alexandria Governorate, during April 2018.
Methodology: A structured questionnaire was designed to collect data from participants before and after implementation of the training program to measure approval level of trainees toward the training program elements and their knowledge and skills level.
Results: The results revealed that majority (61.53%) of trainees had medium level of acceptance towards the extension training program components. Consequently, there was a significant improvement in the knowledge and skills levels of trainees after executing the extension program concerning broilers, ducks and rabbits production for promoting small- scale production projects. Findings also showed that deficiency of knowledge and experience related to poultry production, insufficient extension training programs, unavailability of proper site for establishing the project and getting its licenses, non-provision of capital and lack of veterinary services, in that order, were the most severe constraints of trainees affecting poultry production projects.
Conclusion: This training program succeeded by increasing and improving the knowledge and skills of participants regarding poultry and rabbits production, which reflect on encouraging them to establish such income-raising projects.
Antinutritional Factors and Aminoacids Content Comparison with Different Processing Methods of Balanites aegyptiaca in Formulated Broiler Diets
Authors: Abdullahi Idris , Omage James , Abeke Francis Ojariafe , Kayode Omotugba, Stephen , Al-Habib Ibrahim Kailani , Rufina Okeke Obioma , Lawal Abbas Mariya 
Published: December 2019

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of processing methods on the antinutrients and amino acids composition of Balanites aegyptiaca. The durations for soaking, roasting and fermentation were 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours to determine the optimal duration of inclusion of processed Balanites aegyptica. Raw and processed samples were analysed for amino acids composition and anti-nutritional factors.The trial showed a linear increase in processing duration resulted into a decrease in the concentration of antinutritional factors. Raw Balanites aegyptica had higher concentration of concentration of amino acid than the soaked and boiled Balanites aegyptica. Soaking, fermentation and boiling up to 96 hours reduced the antinutritional components of Balanite aegyptica. Percentage reduction of anti-nutrients in Balanites aegyptica. fruit meal was best at 96 hours of soaking and fermentation and 60 minutes of boiling and roasting. All anti-nutrients in Balanites aegyptiaca fruit meal showed remarkable reduction post processing. In all processing methods, results showed that anti-nutrients in the Balanites aegyptiaca reduced up to the maximum durations of processing (96 hours and 60 minutes). It was therefore advisable to include Balanites aegyptiaca upto 96 hours in the diets of broiler birds.
Evaluation of the Impact of Five Bio-insecticides of Plant Origin and a Chemical Insecticide on the Survival of Imagos of the Parasitoid Aphidius colemani under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Kaoutar Fahad , Najiba Brhadda , Rabea Ziri , El Hassane Benssallem , Najib Gmira 
Published: December 2019

Aims: The present study aims to evaluate the control pests without the harms of chemical pesticides as well as ensure the safety of bio-insecticides of plant origin vis a vis females of the parasitoid Aphidius colemani, important auxiliary in biological control.
Study Design: Experimental device was in a complete random block with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Bio-insecticidal Entomology and Laboratory of weed science of Regional Center of Agricultural Research, Kenitra, INRA-Morocco and Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Environment. Biodiversity and agro resources team Ibn Tofail University, Faculty of Sciences Kenitra Morocco. The experiment was conducted between the fall of 2018 (from September to December 2018) and the winter of 2019 (January-February 2019).
Methodology: To meet the objective of this work, four endemic plants were collected from the Gharb region of Morocco; these are the leaves of Nerium oleander that are available all year, the roots of Mandragora autumnalis, the fruits of Capsicum frutescens, and those of Melia azedarach these organs are well developed with complete maturity during the fall and winter. The fruits of Melia azedarach have been separated into seeds and pulps. Five concentrations of each aqueous extract were prepared (2; 5; 10; 15 and 20 g / 20 ml). In addition to control without any treatment (blanc) and a chemical insecticide (deltamethrin). All concentrations were administered by contact to females of Aphidius colemani.
Results: Comparing the bio-insecticides tested, the aqueous extract of the seed of Melia azedarach showed an insecticidal action that was the fastest and the most toxic. Thus, following exposure of 20 g/20 ml, the observation after 4 hours showed a minimum mortality rate of 3% and a maximum mortality rate of 50%, 96 hours after. This extract was followed by the aqueous extract of the leaves of Nerium oleander that showed a maximum mortality rate of 43%. However, their harmfulness remains much lower than that of deltamethrin. In addition, the aqueous extract of the roots of Mandragora autumnalis has proved to be safe for females of Aphidius colemani. On the other hand, the aqueous extract of the fruits of Capsicum frutescens and that of the pulp of Melia azedarach are moderately toxic.
Conclusion: By way of conclusion, the aqueous extract of the roots of Mandragora autumnalis could be used as an insecticide in parallel with the release of the parasitoid Aphidius colemani, in a biological control.
How Effectively Value Engineering Practices are Being Implemented in Qatar on Infrastructure Projects
Authors: Irshad Zeeshan 
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of Value Engineering (VE) practices being used in Qatar mainly on infrastructure projects. This study will further explore the deficiencies in adopted overall VE processes and subsequently recommend the solutions to overcome current problems or difficulties.
To conduct this study a mixed method approach was adopted, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative date. Survey questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative date and it was sent to 72 professionals belongs to different construction groups currently involved on infrastructure projects in Qatar. Semi structured interviews were conducted to collect the qualitative date. Interviews were conducted with 06 professionals working as value engineer on different infrastructure projects in Qatar to obtain further practical information about VE processes in Qatar and know about the real difficulties they encountered.
This research reveals that the value engineering processes being used in Qatar are in line with international standards set by the SAVE International. This study further reveals that only 5 percent to 7 percent cost savings are being achieved on infrastructure projects in Qatar. This is in addition to the improvements in HSE, quality and time of project.
However, where this study has shown cost benefits from VE implementation, it also highlighted that significant improvement is required to extend the cost benefits from 7 percent to maximum 12 percent for which VE is known without compromising on functionality and quality requirements. This is a clear indication that current practices need to be improved. The identified improvements include starting VE process at the end of preliminary design stage, more involvement of clients and by considering whole life cycle costs of the projects by introduction of sustainable, environment friendly and innovative alternatives design solutions and construction materials.
Brothers Grimm: From the Oral to the Literary and Beyond
Authors: Wilcox Brandy E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis contribution explores the work of the Brothers Grimm and their worldwide influence from the nineteenth century to today. Focusing primarily on theKinder‐ und Hausmärchen(Children's and Household Tales, also referred to as the KHM), this chapter provides biographical information on the Grimms' lives in the context of how their history and political standing influenced their work. Because of their dedication to the Germanic culture and traditions, the KHM was originally meant to record and preserve the cultural goods and oral history of the German‐speaking people. However, in the past 200 years, the tales have grown beyond that initial purpose, influencing research in history, linguistics, anthropology, and psychology while also being repurposed and redistributed through modern translations, Walt Disney Studios, and other film adaptations. These retellings and translations serve as reflections of the cultures into which they have traveled and reemerged as world literature.
Natsume Sōseki: A Japanese Writer's Global Literary Community of Grief
Authors: Tansman Alan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Japan's most important modern novelist, Natsume Sōseki, emerged in the early twentieth century as one of the world's first global writers, creating out of all available world literature and thought – written in Japanese, Chinese, and European languages – a set of extraordinary experimental novels and one of literature's first scientific theories of literature. Sōseki gave birth to the modern Japanese literary imagination, and continues to this day to embody the sorrows and perils of that work.
To the Frontier of the Mind: Shen Congwen and World Literature
Authors: Xiao Jiwei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
One of the most original modern Chinese writers, Shen Congwen is best known for his “native‐soil” stories set in his hometown region of West Hunan. There is, however, an international dimension to Shen's literary regionalism in terms of influence and inspiration. More important, if Shen Congwen deserves a fellowship with other prominent writers of local‐color fiction in the realm of world literature, it would be owing less to the regional and social issues he writes about than to the innovative ways he modernizes traditional Chinese aesthetics to push his literary exploration of these issues from the geographical frontier to the frontier of the human psyche. The fact that Shen gives psychologically complex leading roles to rural characters and those from the lower classes of society makes his writing all the more subversive.
Reading Cavafy Writing: The Poetry of C.P. Cavafy and the “World” in “World Literature”
Authors: Layoun Mary N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn taking up the Alexandrian Egyptian Greek writer Constantine Cavafy (1863–1933) in the context of “world literature,” the question is posed of the “world” as figured in his poetry and of what that figuration might tell us about the “world” in contemporary “world literature.” Three selected poems by Cavafy – “In the Month of Athyr” (1917), “Envoys from Alexandria” (1915, 1918), and “The Mirror in the Entryway” (1930) – offer a kind of figural enactment of and a scrupulous response to the question of how to read or write or “sense” a world in which sensual beauty, erotic desire, and history are intimately intertwined, always exceeding a nonetheless necessary effort to record them, and are only accessible in traces and memories and angled views.
T.S. Eliot and Modernist Translation
Authors: Morgenstern John D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractT.S. Eliot's rarely considered writings on translation, the fundamental mechanism by which cultural material flows between languages, geographies, and remote epochs, reconciles opposing critical narratives that regard him as a cultural isolationist or as the architect of global modernism. Eliot's analyses of cultural transmission at the level of specific texts adumbrate a theory of translation that joined the familiar with the foreign, the local with the universal, and etymology with innovation. His writings on translation provide a framework for reading him as a global poet who regarded the cross‐fertilization of cultures and languages as vital to the development of the literature of his own language, in his own place and time. It also places him alongside modernist writers including H.D. and Ezra Pound, who engaged in a shared enterprise of translation as a strategy for the extension of the linguistic, cultural, and aesthetic possibilities of literature in English.
Pablo Neruda: World Literature and Human Rights
Authors: Pellegrini Marcelo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Pablo Neruda was a world poet deeply engaged with human rights and international politics. His universalist vocation is the product of his origins as a Latin American writer. In the context of the current debate about “world literature” he clearly stands as a veritable classic and one of the foremost examples of a writer whose audicence and preoccupations make him, indeed, a world writer. There are, however, some contradictions in his engagement with human rights, his defence of Stalinism being the first one of them. Neruda was a complex figure who represents the contradictions of his time and of the world he deeply engaged with. To examine these complexities is an attempt to understand some of the crucial chapters of the twentieth century, those where literature, politics, ethics, and aesthetics collide.
Origen of Alexandria: Christian Philosophy of Freedom
Authors: Fürst Alfons 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOrigen of Alexandria (185–253/54) is the founder of the Christian philosophy of freedom. Drawing on both the philological and philosophical heritage of Hellenistic and Roman culture, he invented the biblical commentary written according to the academic standards of his time. His contribution to the history of ancient philosophy is a groundbreaking innovation: he based reality not on fixed substance but on will and thus on freedom. He argued for a libertarian concept of freedom in a universal cosmic dimension. His world is a web of interrelated dynamic processes which consist of constantly moving rational and free entities. The self‐determined progression of rational beings is grounded in an ethics of practical virtue. By establishing schools at Alexandria and Caesarea, he contributed substantially to the emergence of a Christian culture and managed to convey his legacy to all ecclesiastical traditions in subsequent centuries.
Nanoelectronics for Minimally Invasive Cellular Recordings
Authors: Pei Fei , Tian Bozhi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAdvances in cellular recordings using engineered devices have greatly increased the understanding in biological systems. These recordings have been an essential part in a broad variety of fields ranging from neuroscience and cardiology to cell biology and have been applied both in research and clinical applications. To provide less tissue damage, reduce foreign‐body response, and enhance long‐term signal stability, the engineered devices need to be minimally invasive. Pursuing these goals, recently, nanoelectronic probes with improved mechanical, chemical, and biocompatible properties have been developed. Moreover, innovative and automated insertion techniques of neural probes have been reported, further progressing toward a high‐bandwidth brain–machine interface system. In this progress report, recent progress in materials, device designs, and implementation techniques aiming for minimally invasive cellular recordings (both in vivo and in vitro) is highlighted, and future directions in these areas are proposed.
An Innovative Design by Single‐Layer Superaerophobic Mesh: Continuous Underwater Bubble Antibuoyancy Collection and Transportation
Authors: Ning Yuzhen , Zhang Di , Ben Shuang , Zhao Zhihong , Zha Jinlong , Tian Dongliang , Liu Kesong , Jiang Lei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderwater bubbles are unavoidable in the natural world and industrial production. Understanding the behavior of underwater bubbles and manipulating gas bubbles are vital important to both fundamental scientific research and industrial application. Although there has been some progress in controlling underwater bubbles, continuous underwater bubble collection and transportation remain challenging targets. Herein, inspired by the mechanism of water spider's gas storage, a strategy to collect and transport underwater gas bubble is demonstrated by design of a single‐layer underwater superaerophobic mesh (USM) assembled with a quartz tube. Gas bubbles supplied by a syringe pump penetrate the mesh pore and then gather to form a gas column in the quartz tube. Collapse occurs when the gas column reach the maximum storage height/pressure. Under a continuous supply of gas bubbles, the change of pressure becomes a cyclic process, which acts in a pump‐like manner to transport bubbles continuously from the water to the gas phase in the USM device assembled with an asymmetric U‐tube. This novel gas collection and transport system provides a new inspiration for developing new technologies for applications in pipes, sensors, gas collection, and environment protection.
Highly Efficient Clean Water Production from Contaminated Air with a Wide Humidity Range
Authors: Yao Houze , Zhang Panpan , Huang Yaxin , Cheng Huhu , Li Chun , Qu Liangti 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe huge amount of moisture in the air is an unexplored and overlooked water resource in nature, which can be useful to solve the worldwide water shortage. However, direct water condensation from natural or even hazy air is always inefficient and inevitably contaminated by numerous impurities of dust, toxic gas, and microorganisms. In this regard, a drinkable and clean water harvester from complex contaminated air with a wide humidity range based on porous sodium polyacrylate/graphene framework (PGF), which can actively sorb moisture from common or even smoggy environments, efficiently grabs impurities, and then releases clean water with a high rejection rate of impurities under solar irradiation, is proposed. This PGF shows a superhigh equilibrium uptake of 5.20 g of water per gram of PGF at a relative humidity (RH) of 100% and 0.14 g g−1 at a low RH of 15%. The rejection rate of impurities is up to 97% for the collected clean water. Moreover, a water harvesting system is established to produce over 25 L clean water per kilogram of PGF one day, enough to meet several people's drinking water demand. This work provides a new strategy for effective production of clean water from the atmosphere of practical significance.