bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Effectiveness of Networks for Addressing Public Problems: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Siciliano Michael D. , Carr Jered B. , Hugg Victor G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile scholars and practitioners frequently laud the potential of networks to address complex policy problems, empirical evidence of the effectiveness of networks is scarce. This study examines how changes in network structure (centralization and transitivity), network composition (sector diversity and geographic range), and tie properties (stability and strength) influence community‐level outcomes. Relying on a statutory requirement in the state of Iowa requiring local governments to file all instances of intergovernmental and intersectoral collaboration, we measure collaboration networks in 81 counties over 17 years in the areas of crime and economic development. Using fixed effects models, we examine how changes in the structure and composition of these county‐level networks affect substantive policy outcomes. Our findings indicate that network properties matter, but that the specific properties may be context dependent. We find network centralization and stability are stronger predictors of crime while network composition is more strongly associated with economic development.Evidence for Practice

The performance of intergovernmental collaborations is rarely studied, either in terms of the outcomes of individual agreements or from the networks resulting from multiple agreements.
The properties (structure, composition, stability) of the networks that emerge from the actions of local government officials to address critical public problems are generally not visible to the public, state policy makers, or even the local officials themselves.
Our research suggests that properties of these networks of agreements affect their impact on improving public problems, suggesting opportunities for policy makers to encourage more effective structures.
Our finding suggests that county networks effectively designed to improve economic development would differ in meaningful ways from one effectively designed to reduce crime.
Our findings indicate that network centralization and stability are stronger predictors of crime rates while network composition is more strongly associated with indicators of economic development. Stable networks, as measured by average amount of time the agreements are in place, may reduce violent crime, property crime, and unemployment.
High‐Stakes Administrative Discretion: What Drives Body‐Worn Camera Activations?
Authors: Adams Ian T. , Mourtgos Scott M. , Mastracci Sharon H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdministrative discretion can range from benign to troubling, and law enforcement officers possess the power to use physical violence in the discharge of their duties. Body‐worn cameras (BWCs) are a workplace surveillance technology intended to monitor officer behavior in the field, but officers exercise discretion over whether or not to activate their cameras. So, what drives officers to activate BWCs? Combining unique survey and administrative data, three competing explanations of BWC activation are compared in one department: Officer demographics, job function, and attitudes. Job function covariates offer robust predictive power of BWC activation frequency. Demographics do not predict BWC activations except rank, which negatively correlates with activation. Though the bulk of attitudinal measures do not predict BWC activations, negative relationships are noted with how officers perceive BWCs to impact their professional discretion, and their belief that cameras expose officers to public outrage and disapproval.
Regional real exchange rates and growth: Evidence from resource‐based regional economies
Authors: Tochkov Kiril 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRegional economies in emerging countries vary greatly in terms of their global integration. External shocks, therefore, require adjustment mechanisms that reflect local conditions. This paper focuses on the role of real exchange rates (RER) in the economic performance of regions. In particular, we use monthly data to construct RER for 77 Russian regions over the period 2000–2016. The results validate the adoption of a regional perspective by showing nontrivial differences across regions. Oil‐producing and resource‐based regional economies experienced much larger RER movements and higher volatility. Overall, RER appreciated steadily until a major drop in 2008, and then, again in 2014. Growth regressions show that RER depreciations have a stimulating effect on regional performance but only in the short run. These results confirm previous findings indicating that RER are a key facilitating factor but not a major determinant of growth and are thus unlikely to produce sustainable development.
Asymmetric O-to-C Aryloxycarbonyl Migration of Indolyl Carbonates Using Single-Handed Dynamic Helical Polyquinoxalines Bearing 4-Aminopyridyl Groups as Chiral Nucleophilic Catalysts
Authors: Yamamoto Takeshi , Takahashi Takuya , Murakami Ryo , Ariki Naoto , Suginome Michinori 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Use of single-handed dynamic helical macromolecules as nucleophilic catalysts in asymmetric Steglich-type O-to-C aryloxycarbonyl rearrangement of 3-substituted indol-2-yl aryl carbonates is demonstrated. Among several single-handed poly(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl) copolymers (PQXap) bearing achiral 4-aminopyridin-3-yl groups at the 5-position of the quinoxaline rings, PQXmdpp and PQXapy, containing N-methylpyrrolidine-fused pyridin-3-yl and 4-(1-azetidinyl)pyridin-3-yl groups, respectively, showed higher enantioselectivity and catalytic activity than PQXdmap, bearing 4-dimethylaminopyridine-3-yl groups. Substrates bearing p-(trifluoromethyl)phenyloxycarbonyl groups on both the nitrogen and oxygen atoms showed high reactivity, giving oxindoles with a quaternary stereogenic carbon center at their 3-positions in up to 97:3 enantiomeric ratio in THF. The macromolecular catalysts underwent inversion of their helix sense by solvent effect, allowing the same catalyst to give the opposite enantiomer in a mixture of methyl t-butyl ether and 1,1,2-trichloroethane (3:1). The macromolecular catalysts could be easily recovered by adding acetonitrile to the reaction mixture and were reused four times without reduction in enantioselectivity.
Studying the Effect of Operating Parameters on the Removal of Nickel Ion from an Adsorber by Using COMSOL Multiphysics Simulation
Authors: Hathal Mustafa M , Hasan Basim O 
Published: December 2020

The heavy metals are considered dangerous pollutants which harm health and environment. The adsorption process is the cost effective process to get-rid of heavy metal efficiently. In this study, the adsorption bed of Nickel is simulated by using COMSOL Multiphysics to find the effect of different operating parameters namely; flow rate, temperature and pollutant concentration on adsorption bed efficiency. The modeling of non-isothermal adsorption bed based on experimental isotherms kinetic of previous work is developed too. The results showed that the optimal conditions to generate maximum removal efficiency of heavy metal were at 50◦C inlet temperature, 0.1 M inlet concentration, and 80 ml/min flow rate to achieve removal values higher than 50 % of long operation period time.
FAKTOR PENENTU KETERLIBATAN GENERASI MUDA DALAM PERTANIAN TANAMAN PANGAN (Kasus: Nagari Desa Baru, Kecamatan Ranah Batahan, Kabupaten Pasaman Barat, Sumatera Barat)
Authors: Faridah Ghina 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe phenomenon of aging farmers is a concern of Indonesia and other countries. Indonesia faces the problem of decreasing the number of young agricultural workers. There are many reasons behind the younger generation who do not want to work in the agricultural sector, including the image of the agricultural sector which is less prestigious and unable to provide adequate appreciation and the perspective of young workers that has changed in the postmodern era. On the other hand, there are some young people who are motivated and interested in becoming young farmers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of young generation involvement in food crop agriculture. The factors analyzed are internal factors and external factors. Internal factors include education, farming experience, gender, marital status, and motivation to become a farmer. Meanwhile, external factors include the main activities of parents, support from parents, parental land parcels, community support, and technology. This research was conducted using quantitative and qualitative methods. The results of this study indicate that there are four factors that have a significant effect on the involvement of the younger generation in food crop agriculture, namely: education, farming experience, motivation to become a farmer, and parental support. Keywords: Young farmers, agrarian structure, food crops ABSTRAKFenomena aging farmer atau penuaan petani sudah menjadi perhatian Indonesia dan negara-negara lainnya. Indonesia menghadapi permasalahan menurunnya jumlah tenaga kerja muda pertanian. Banyak alasan yang mendasari generasi muda tidak mau bekerja disektor pertanian, diantaranya adalah citra sektor pertanian yang kurang bergengsi dan kurang bisa memberikan imbalan memadai dan cara pandang tenaga kerja muda telah berubah di era perkembangan masyarakat post modern. Disisi lain, terdapat generasi muda yang termotivasi dan berminat menjadi petani muda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor penentu keterlibatan generasi muda dalam pertanian tanaman pangan. Faktor yang dianalisis berupa faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor Internal meliputi pendidikan, pengalaman bertani, jenis kelamin, status pernikahan, dan motivasi menjadi petani. Sedangkan, faktor eksternal meliputi aktivitas utama orangtua, dukungan orangtua, luas pengasaan lahan orang tua, dukungan masyarakat dan teknologi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat faktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi keterlibatan generasi muda dalam pertanian tanaman pangan diantaranya adalah: pendidikan, pengalaman bertani, motivasi untuk menjadi petani dan dukungan orang tua. Kata Kunci: Petani muda, struktur agraria, tanaman pangan
MECHANISM OF FINANCIAL FLOW MANAGEMENT IN LOGISTICS SYSTEMS
Authors: L. АCHKASOVA  , A. UDODENKO  
Published: December 2020

The current state of Ukraine’s economy requires adaptation of Ukrainian enterprises to the rational consumption of financial resources and functioning of market management mechanisms, which have their own specifics. Material flow is the most important component that ensures the functioning of the enterprise and the movement of material and other resources. Despite the active discussion on providing for the effectiveness of financial flow management, little attention is still paid to the mechanism of its management in logistics systems. The purpose of the article is to form a mechanism for managing financial flows taking into account the peculiarities of logistics systems.To form the above mechanism, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis of information on financial flows management in the logistics systems of the enterprise. In the course of the research the methods of comparative, economic-statistical, technical-economic analysis, graphoanalytical methods of reflection of the research results were also widely used.The article further develops the mechanism of financial flow management, which, in contrast to the existing ones, takes into account the specifics of financial flow management in logistics systems and is comprehensive in its nature.The received technique allows the enterprises to reach the purpose and solve the problems of separate participants, to provide stable and effective functioning of logistic systems.The results obtained, which consist in the development of a mechanism for managing financial flows in logistics systems, allow for further research on the management of financial flows performed at the enterprise and evaluation of reserves to improve the efficiency of logistics systems.
The knowledge as a complementary part of the intellectual capital of the enterprises in the era of the digital economy
Authors: Yavorska Oksana 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The article deals with the problem of the main changes expected in the framework of the digital economy are considered. Particular attention is paid to the areas of transformation the knowledge capital in these conditions. A driver of modern digital economy should be regarded as an intellectual capital that based on the combined use of the intangible assets and the information resources of the enterprises. The formation of the intellectual capital of a company is viewed from a systemic perspective and in conjunction with the formation of the knowledge capital of the enterprises.Prpose. The purpose of our article is to determine the distinctive role of corporate knowledge in the formation of the intellectual capital of the enterprise in the digital economy, substantiation of the principle of complementarity in the trajectory of modern transformations of knowledge capital of the organization within the concept of the intellectual capital.Methods. We have used a set of general and special methods in this article (they are historical and logical method, method of analysis and synthesis, grafhic constraction, scientific abstraction).Results. The article presents the author’s view on the emergence of the knowledge capital of the enterprises in the context of the prevailing economic theories, based on an analysis of the evolution of the category «knowledge». The role of knowledge capital for the intellectual capital of the enterprises and its essence in the relational (customer) capital, organisational capital and human capital of the company, firms. The carried-out analysis and synthesis of the existing approaches on studying of intellectual capital of the enterprises taking into account specifics of the knowledge capital of the company are used to support existing managerial policies for better retention practices and management of human resources, for better management practices of the enterprises. Prospects. The leading vector for the development of the intellectual capital of the enterprises in the digital economy should be the question of designing the process of cumulation, classification, measurement and transformation of knowledge capital, as well as the development of tools for translating its elements into materialized and innovative assets of the organization.
ALD-ZrO2 gate dielectric with suppressed interfacial oxidation for high performance MoS2 top gate MOSFETs
Authors: Chang Wen Hsin , Okada Naoya , Horikawa Masayo , Endo Takahiko , Miyata Yasumitsu , Irisawa Toshifumi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To enhance the feasibility of 2-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) channels in future nano-electronic and optoelectronic devices, a top gate device structure fabricated with very-large-scale-integration compatible process is mandatory. High-κ dielectric ZrO2 has been directly deposited on MoS2 through low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) without any surface protection layers. The uniform growth of ZrO2 on MoS2 was confirmed to be caused by the physical adsorption, resulting in the suppressed interfacial oxidation and the reduced damage of monolayer (1L) MoS2 channel. Low thermal budget post-deposition annealing was found to be effective for reducing interfacial traps between ZrO2 and MoS2 interface, thus enhancing the device performances of 1L MoS2 nMOSFETs. Low capacitance equivalent thickness (CET) of ZrO2 of 2.3 nm has been achieved while maintaining decent device performance, indicating low-temperature ALD is promising for future TMDC top gate devices with a high-quality interface and thin CET.
Effect of Professional Determinants upon Job Performance of Lecturers in Health and Physical Education at College Level
Authors: Ashiq Muhammad  , Prof. Dr. Salahuddin Khan  , Dr. Wasim Khan  
Published: December 2020

The expanding role of physical education teachers at the college level led them to perform multifarious jobs including conduct of sports events, taking classes, maintaining discipline, and other important engagements. This workload had enhanced the complexity of their job and the demands intensive involvement of physical education teachers at the college level. Though very limited research has been done in the profession of physical education aiming at determining the factors influencing their job performance. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the effect of professional factors (professional attitude, professional pride & professional autonomy) among lecturers in the Federal and Provincial Governmental Colleges. This cross-sectional study utilized a stratified random sample of n=223 (males=139; females=84). A 67 items with closed-ended options questionnaires were used in the study, which was properly piloted with 30 other lecturers. By the use of an automated online platform, survey information was collected and all responses remained confidential. The demographic attributes were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while inferential statistics were applied to test the set hypotheses of the study. Findings of the study revealed that all the variables are significantly correlated at a significant level of 0.01. Other findings included a significant effect of professional factors upon the job performance of lecturers (p < .05). Additionally, the p values for all the variables are lesser than the standard value (p < 0.05) hence, homogeneity of variances is assumed. Based on the findings, it is recommended that professional attitude, pride, and autonomy might be ensured among teachers to enhance their job performance.
Valued Added Tax (VAT) Impact on Economic and Societal Well-Beings (Pre-and Post COVID19): A Perception Study From Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shukeri Siti Norwahida , Alfordy Faisal D 
Published: December 2020

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has realized that merely relying on oil reserves, as the main income source will stop the country from achieving sustainable economic growth due to the instability of world oil market prices and its uncertainties. Hence, the first Value Added Tax (VAT) has been introduced in KSA in 2018 following to the urge by International Monetary Fund (IMF). However, VAT implementation in the Kingdom is not free from criticisms since its citizens, particularly younger generation, have been used to tax-free livings. In addition, the global health pandemic of COVID19 has hit major economies worldwide. In correspondence, KSA has decided to increase its VAT rate to 15% from 5% by the 1st of July 2020, which may suggest a different pattern of consumption behaviour since the rate has been drastically increased. Therefore, this study aims to examine the perception of Saudi younger generation on the acceptance of VAT based on five categorical factors underlying Saudi younger generation’s level of acceptance or rejection of VAT, namely; tax system effectiveness (TSE), income generation sources (IGS), income inequality (II), system knowledge (SK) and global practice (GP). The study also is set to examine the impact of VAT on Saudi younger generation’s consumption behaviour. Using a sample of 460 respondents, the findings reveal that most of the respondents (89.6%) are aware of VAT implementation. However, the negative perceptions found from the analysis shows that VAT is not an efficient tax system to be implemented (average TSE = 45.6% less favourable) as the VAT system does not provide income inequality among citizens (average II= 45.3 percent less favourable). Moreover, the results also show that VAT implementation does not affect the consumption behaviour, suggesting that Saudi younger generation still spends regardless of VAT. Limited studies among the GCC academics on VAT has motivated this research to be among the first attempt to document such impact and to consider it in lights of new legislative changes due to COVID-19. Hence, this study is both timely and relevant to provide new understandings to responsible authorities regarding its VAT system, its acceptance and impacts on consumption behaviour in lights of COVID-19.
Does generation benefit learning for narrative and expository texts? A direct replication attempt
Authors: Schindler Julia , Richter Tobias , Mar Raymond 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGenerated information is better recognized and recalled than information that is read. This so‐calledgeneration effecthas been replicated several times for different types of material, including texts. Perhaps the most influential demonstration was by McDaniel et al. (1986,Journal of Memory and Language,25, 645–656; henceforth MEDC). This group tested whether the generation effect occurs only if the generation task stimulates cognitive processes not already stimulated by the text. Numerous studies, however, report difficulties replicating this text by generation‐task interaction, which suggests that the effect might only be found under conditions closer to the original method of MEDC. To test this assumption, we will closely replicate MEDC's Experiment 2 in German and English‐speaking samples. Replicating the effect would suggest that it can be reproduced, at least under limited conditions, which will provide the necessary foundation for future investigations into the boundary conditions of this effect, with an eye towards its utility in applied contexts.
Nitrogen fertilizer needs of first‐year small grain forages following alfalfa
Authors: Pound Collin A. , Yost Matt A. , Creech J. Earl , Cardon Grant E. , Gale Jody , Heaton Kevin , Price Steven , Pace Michael , Wilde Trent , Kitchen Boyd 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSmall grain forages are commonly grown following alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) in Utah and the Intermountain West, especially during drought years as small grains require less irrigation than corn (Zea maysL.). Several studies have shown that corn following alfalfa rarely needs nitrogen (N) fertilizer, yet few have evaluated N needs of small grains grown for forage. Objectives of this research were to determine whether N fertilizer is needed to economically optimize the yield and quality of first‐year small grain forages following alfalfa, and whether spring soil nitrate tests can predict N responsiveness. Fertilizer trials (four replications of six N rates) were conducted on 11 first‐year small grain forage sites in Utah during 2018 and 2019. Results indicated that N fertilizer was not needed to economically increase small grain forage yield at most (91%) site‐years. The one responsive site‐year followed an old and thinning alfalfa stand (9‐yr old) and required only 67 kg N ha−1. In contrast, forage quality improved with average N fertilizer applications ranging from 101 to 142 kg N ha−1at all but one site‐year. Soil nitrate concentration was able to separate yield and forage quality response to N in 73 and 53% of the cases, respectively, suggesting it may be a viable prediction test for yield and some aspects of quality response in this rotation. Results indicate that growers often do not need to apply fertilizer N to first‐year small grain forages unless compensation for forage quality improvement outweighs fertilizer costs.