bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health in UK Biobank – development, implementation and results from an online questionnaire completed by 157 366 participants: a reanalysis
Authors: Davis Katrina A. S. , Coleman Jonathan R. I. , Adams Mark , Allen Naomi , Breen Gerome , Cullen Breda , Dickens Chris , Fox Elaine , Graham Nick , Holliday Jo , Howard Louise M. , John Ann , Lee William , McCabe Rose , McIntosh Andrew , Pearsall Robert , Smith Daniel J. , Sudlow Cathie , Ward Joey , Zammit Stan , Hotopf Matthew 
Published: February 2020

Background
UK Biobank is a well-characterised cohort of over 500 000 participants including genetics, environmental data and imaging. An online mental health questionnaire was designed for UK Biobank participants to expand its potential.

Aims
Describe the development, implementation and results of this questionnaire.

Method
An expert working group designed the questionnaire, using established measures where possible, and consulting a patient group. Operational criteria were agreed for defining likely disorder and risk states, including lifetime depression, mania/hypomania, generalised anxiety disorder, unusual experiences and self-harm, and current post-traumatic stress and hazardous/harmful alcohol use.

Results
A total of 157 366 completed online questionnaires were available by August 2017. Participants were aged 45–82 (53% were ≥65 years) and 57% women. Comparison of self-reported diagnosed mental disorder with a contemporary study shows a similar prevalence, despite respondents being of higher average socioeconomic status. Lifetime depression was a common finding, with 24% (37 434) of participants meeting criteria and current hazardous/harmful alcohol use criteria were met by 21% (32 602), whereas other criteria were met by less than 8% of the participants. There was extensive comorbidity among the syndromes. Mental disorders were associated with a high neuroticism score, adverse life events and long-term illness; addiction and bipolar affective disorder in particular were associated with measures of deprivation.

Conclusions
The UK Biobank questionnaire represents a very large mental health survey in itself, and the results presented here show high face validity, although caution is needed because of selection bias. Built into UK Biobank, these data intersect with other health data to offer unparalleled potential for crosscutting biomedical research involving mental health.
The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Early Lung Imaging Confederation
Authors: Mulshine James L. , Avila Ricardo S. , Conley Ed , Devaraj Anand , Ambrose Laurie Fenton , Flanagan Tanya , Henschke Claudia I. , Hirsch Fred R. , Janz Robert , Kakinuma Ryutaro , Lam Stephen , McWilliams Annette , Van Ooijen Peter M.A. , Oudkerk Matthijs , Pastorino Ugo , Reeves Anthony , Rogalla Patrick , Schmidt Heidi , Sullivan Daniel C. , Wind Haije H.J. , Wu Ning , Wynes Murry , Xueqian Xie , Yankelevitz David F. , Field John K. 
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE To improve outcomes for lung cancer through low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) early lung cancer detection. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer is developing the Early Lung Imaging Confederation (ELIC) to serve as an open-source, international, universally accessible environment to analyze large collections of quality-controlled LDCT images and associated biomedical data for research and routine screening care. METHODS ELIC is an international confederation that allows access to efficiently analyze large numbers of high-quality computed tomography (CT) images with associated de-identified clinical information without moving primary imaging/clinical or imaging data from its local or regional site of origin. Rather, ELIC uses a cloud-based infrastructure to distribute analysis tools to the local site of the stored imaging and clinical data, thereby allowing for research and quality studies to proceed in a vendor-neutral, collaborative environment. ELIC’s hub-and-spoke architecture will be deployed to permit analysis of CT images and associated data in a secure environment, without any requirement to reveal the data itself (ie, privacy protecting). Identifiable data remain under local control, so the resulting environment complies with national regulations and mitigates against privacy or data disclosure risk. RESULTS The goal of pilot experiments is to connect image collections of LDCT scans that can be accurately analyzed in a fashion to support a global network using methodologies that can be readily scaled to accrued databases of sufficient size to develop and validate robust quantitative imaging tools. CONCLUSION This initiative can rapidly accelerate improvements to the multidisciplinary management of early, curable lung cancer and other major thoracic diseases (eg, coronary artery disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) visualized on a screening LDCT scan. The addition of a facile, quantitative CT scanner image quality conformance process is a unique step toward improving the reliability of clinical decision support with CT screening worldwide.
Ultrasonography of Lumbar Multifidus Muscle in University American Football Players
Authors: SCHRYVER ALEXA , RIVAZ HASSAN , RIZK AMANDA , FRENETTE STEPHANE , BOILY MATHIEU , FORTIN MARYSE 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The primary objective of this study was to examine and compare lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle size, asymmetry, and function in university football players with and without low back pain (LBP). A secondary objective was to examine the relationship between LM characteristics and body composition in football players.

Methods
Ultrasound assessments of the LM muscle were performed in 41 university football players during the preseason. LM muscle cross-sectional area, echo intensity (e.g., indicator of fatty infiltration and connective tissue), thickness at rest, and thickness during submaximal contraction (e.g., contralateral arm lift) measurements in prone and standing positions were obtained bilaterally at the L5–S1 level. Body composition measures were acquired using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain LBP history data.

Results
The LM muscle thickness at rest in prone and in standing was significantly smaller in football players who reported the presence of LBP in the previous 3 months. The LM cross-sectional area in prone was significantly and positively correlated with weight, height, lean body mass, total fat mass, and total percent body fat. LM echo intensity was strongly correlated with total percent body fat and total fat mass and negatively correlated with the percent thickness change during contraction.

Conclusion
The results of this study provide novel information on LM muscle morphology and activation in football players in prone and standing and suggest that players with LBP in the previous 3 months had smaller LM muscle thickness. LM morphology was strongly correlated with body composition measurements.
Does the addition of a lead foil to digital radiographic receptors influence image contrast and approximal caries lesions diagnosis?
Authors: Fontenele Rocharles Cavalcante , Nejaim Yuri , Farias Gomes Amanda , Gaêta-Araujo Hugo , Haiter-Neto Francisco , Freitas Deborah Queiroz 
Published: February 2020

Objectives: To access the influence of the addition of a lead foil to intraoral digital radiographic receptors on image contrast and approximal caries lesions diagnosis. Methods: 40 posterior teeth were distributed in silicone phantoms composed of two premolars, two molars and a non-test canine. Radiographic images of the phantoms were obtained with and without the incorporation of a lead foil, using the Digora Optime and Digora Toto systems. Four observers scored the images for the presence of caries lesions, using a 5-point scale. Images of an aluminum step wedge were acquired with and without the incorporation of a lead foil. Gray values and standard deviation of gray values were calculated in different thickness of the step wedge and, then, contrast variation was calculated. Results: Presence of a lead foil did not influence caries lesions diagnostic values, regardless of the type of digital system (p > 0.05). In general, the objective analysis was not influenced by the presence of a lead foil in any of the tested systems (p > 0.05). However, Digora Toto images showed greater gray values, lower standard deviation of gray values and lower contrast variation, regardless of the presence of the lead foil (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The addition of a lead foil to intraoral digital receptors did not influence image contrast nor caries lesions diagnosis.
KEBERKESANAN ALAT BANTU MENGAJAR (SMART COT) DALAM ASAS PEMBUATAN PERABOT SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN HARIAN PENDIDIKAN KHAS TINGKATAN SATU
Authors: Amri Aziezatul Nezirah , Azman Mohamed Nor Azhari , Kiong Tee Tze , Khairudin Moh 
Published: February 2020

Murid Berkeperluan Khas (MBK) di sekolah menengah harian kurang mendapat peluang untuk mempelajari kemahiran vokasional khususnya dalam bidang pembuatan perabot kayu kerana ketidakupayaan murid dalam melakukan kerja-kerja pertukangan. Matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk membangunkan Kit (Smart Cot) sebagai Alat Bantu Mengajar (ABM) bagi mata pelajaran baharu iaitu Asas Pembuatan Perabot yang diperkenalkan oleh pihak Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia khusus kepada murid berkeperluan khas bagi Program Pendidikan Khas Intergasi (PPKI) tingkatan satu yang mengalami masalah pembelajaran. Reka bentuk kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan menggunakan instrumen temubual, pemerhatian dan borang senarai semak kajiaan yang telah dijalankan sepanjang proses Pembelajaran Dan Pemudahcaraan (Pdpc) berlangsung dengan menggunakan Kit (Smart Cot) terhadap silibus Asas Pembuatan Perabot. Kajian ini melibatkan seramai 9 orang murid PPKI sebagai responden kajian, khususnya murid dalam bidang pertukangan perabot kayu di sebuah sekolah menengah kebangsaan harian di Selangor. Kajian kes digunakan oleh penyelidik kerana mampu melampaui kuantatif, keputusan statistik dan memahami keadaan sifat daripada pelbagai perspektif. Kesemua elemen akan dinilai berdasarkan proses perlaksanaan temu bual, pemerhatian dan borang senarai semak responden kajian. Maka maklumat yang dikumpul adalah dalam bentuk ayat ataupun perkataan. Penyelidik mencadangkan supaya ABM kit (Smart Cot) ini digunakan oleh guru dalam proses Pdpc bagi silibus Asas Pembuatan Perabot kepada murid berkeperluan khas agar dapat meningkatkan prestasi pencapaian dan penguasaan kemahiran pertukangan perabot kayu. Kata kunci : Pendidikan khas, perabot kayu, asas pembuatan perabot dan alat bantu mengajar
High dynamic range thermally actuated bimorph mirror for gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Cao Huy Tuong , Brooks Aidan , Ng Sebastian W. S. , Ottaway David , Perreca Antonio , Richardson Jonathan W. , Chaderjian Aria , Veitch Peter J. 
Published: February 2020

Adaptive optics are crucial for overcoming the fabrication limits on mirror curvature in high-precision interferometry. We describe a low-cost thermally actuated bimorph mirror with 200 mD linear response, which meets dynamic range and low aberration requirements for the

A

+

upgrade of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). Its deformation and operation limits were measured and verified against finite element simulation.
Photonic generation of tunable dual-chirp microwave waveforms using a dual-beam optically injected semiconductor laser
Authors: Zhou Pei , Chen Hao , Li Nianqiang , Zhang Renheng , Pan Shilong 
Published: February 2020

An approach to generating dual-chirp microwave waveforms (DCMWs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed scheme consists of a typical semiconductor slave laser (SL), which is subject to a dual-beam optical injection from two master lasers with one being positively detuned (

M
L

1

) and the other negatively detuned (

M
L

2

) from the SL. Under proper injection conditions, the SL operates in the so-called Scenario B of dual-beam injection. After optical-to-electrical conversion, a dual-frequency microwave signal can be generated with one of its two frequencies increasing linearly and the other decreasing linearly as the

M
L

1

injection strength is increased. By incorporating a fast injection strength controller (formed by an intensity modulator and an electrical control signal), a DCMW with a large time-bandwidth product can be generated. In the experimental demonstration, a DCMW with a temporal period of 1 µs has been obtained. This simultaneously offers an up-chirp (13.4–20.2 GHz) and a down-chirp (27.3–20.5 GHz), and its frequency tunability has been achieved by simply adjusting the injection parameters. Furthermore, the auto-ambiguity function of the generated DCMW has also been investigated, which proves that the proposed scheme has the ability to improve the range-velocity resolution and, thus, could be promising for use in radar systems.
Effect of Hip Joint Position on Electromyographic Activity of the Individual Hamstring Muscles During Stiff-Leg Deadlift
Authors: Kawama Raki , Takahashi Katsuki , Wakahara Taku 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Kawama, R, Takahashi, K, and Wakahara, T. Effect of hip joint position on electromyographic activity of the individual hamstring muscles during stiff-leg deadlift. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S38–S43, 2021—This study investigated the effect of hip joint position on the activity level of individual hamstring muscles during stiff-leg deadlift. Fourteen male collegiate sprinters performed stiff-leg deadlift in the adducted (ADD), neutral (NT), abducted (ABD), internally rotated by 20° (IN20), and externally rotated positions by 20° (EX20) and by 40° (EX40) of the hip joint. Surface electromyogram (EMG) was recorded from the proximal and distal regions of the biceps femoris long head (BFlh), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM). Root mean square value of EMG (RMS-EMG) data were calculated for the concentric and eccentric phases of deadlift and was normalized by RMS-EMG during maximal voluntary contraction of isometric knee flexion as an activity level. Results revealed that the activity level of BFlh during the concentric phase was higher in EX20 (p = 0.008, difference = 6.3%) and EX40 (p = 0.001, difference = 9.4%) than in NT. Semimembranosus showed a higher activity level in IN20 than in EX40 during the concentric (p = 0.004, difference = 4.3%) and eccentric phases (p = 0.023, difference = 4.1%). In addition, the activity level was higher in ABD than in NT for BFlh (p = 0.015, difference = 4.6%), ST (p = 0.047, difference = 3.8%), and SM (p = 0.005, difference = 3.9%) during the concentric phase of deadlift. In conclusion, the deadlift in the hip-abducted position requires high activation of the individual hamstrings and that in the hip externally and internally rotated positions needs high activation of BFlh and SM, respectively.
The Effect of Static Stretching Duration on Muscle Blood Volume and Oxygenation
Authors: Matsuo Hideaki , Kubota Masafumi , Shimada Seiichiro , Kitade Ippei , Matsumura Mayumi , Nonoyama Tadayoshi , Koie Yusuke , Naruse Hiroaki , Takahashi Ai , Oki Hisashi , Kokubo Yasuo , Matsumine Akihiko 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Matsuo, H, Kubota, M, Shimada, S, Kitade, I, Matsumura, M, Nonoyama, T, Koie, Y, Naruse, H, Takahashi, A, Oki, H, Kokubo, Y, and Matsumine, A. The effect of static stretching duration on muscle blood volume and oxygenation. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 379–385, 2022—Muscle blood volume increases due to stretching; however, the minimum duration of stretching to sustainably increase the muscle blood volume after stretching has not yet been elucidated. This study examined whether the duration of static stretching influenced the muscle blood volume and oxygenation. Ten healthy male subjects participated in this controlled laboratory study. Static stretching of the gastrocnemius muscle was performed for 5 durations (20 seconds, and 1, 2, 5, and 10 minutes). Changes in both the total-Hb (ΔtHb), as an index of blood volume, and tissue oxygenation index (ΔTOI) from baseline were determined using near-infrared spectroscopy. Both the ΔtHb and ΔTOI decreased during stretching and increased after stretching. The minimum value of ΔtHb during stretching did not differ in each of the 5 durations, but minimum ΔTOI progressively decreased with longer durations of stretching. The peak value of ΔtHb after stretching increased with longer durations of stretching. The value of ΔtHb at 5 minutes after the end of stretching increased with more than 2 minutes of stretching compared with 20 seconds of stretching, although the value of ΔtHb did not significantly differ between the 2, 5, and 10 minutes' durations. These findings suggest that a longer duration of stretching elicits a decrease in muscle oxygenation during stretching, and an increase in both the muscle blood volume and oxygenation after stretching. The results indicated that the minimum duration of stretching to sustain an increase in the muscle blood volume after stretching is 2 minutes.
Maximal Strength, Muscle Activation, and Bar Velocity Comparisons Between Squatting With a Traditional or Safety Squat Bar
Authors: Vantrease William C. , Townsend Jeremy R. , Sapp Philip A. , Henry Ruth N. , Johnson Kent D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Vantrease, WC, Townsend, JR, Sapp, PA, Henry, RN, and Johnson, KD. Maximal strength, muscle activation, and bar velocity comparisons between squatting with a traditional or safety squat bar. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S1–S5, 2021—The purpose of this study was to compare strength, muscle activation, and bar velocity between the traditional (TRAD) and safety squat bar (SSB) back squat. Thirty-two men (21.94 ± 3.1 years, 1.78 ± 0.8 m, 81.7 ± 10.1 kg) volunteered to complete this randomized, crossover-design study. Subjects completed 2 separate 1 repetition maximum (1RM) sessions using either the TRAD or SSB. Subsequently, subjects completed 1 session of 3 repetitions at 65 and 85% of their 1RM for each squat condition (SSB & TRAD). Peak muscle activation of 7 muscles from the lower body and trunk was recorded through surface electromyography (EMG), and mean velocity (MV) was recorded by a linear transducer. Electromyography and MV were analyzed by a 2 × 2 (bar × load) repeated-measures analysis of variance. A Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship of 1RM load between bars. Squat 1RM was significantly higher (p < 0.001; 11.6%) for TRAD (144.7 kg) compared with SSB (128.8 kg), and a strong correlation (r = 0.94) was observed between 1RM values of each bar. A significant main effect was seen in EMG (p < 0.001) and MV for load (p < 0.001). No significant bar × load interaction was observed between conditions for any EMG or bar velocity measure (p > 0.05). The SSB produces similar muscle activation and bar velocities compared with the TRAD at relative intensities. However, absolute loads should be adjusted when changing squat bars during a training cycle.
Interferon-β Plays a Detrimental Role in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury by Enhancing Neuroinflammation That Drives Chronic Neurodegeneration
Authors: Barrett James P. , Henry Rebecca J. , Shirey Kari Ann , Doran Sarah J. , Makarevich Oleg D. , Ritzel Rodney M. , Meadows Victoria A. , Vogel Stefanie N. , Faden Alan I. , Stoica Bogdan A. , Loane David J. 
Published: February 2020

DNA damage and type I interferons (IFNs) contribute to inflammatory responses after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI-induced activation of microglia and peripherally-derived inflammatory macrophages may lead to tissue damage and neurological deficits. Here, we investigated the role of IFN-β in secondary injury after TBI using a controlled cortical impact model in adult male IFN-β-deficient (IFN-β−/−) mice and assessed post-traumatic neuroinflammatory responses, neuropathology, and long-term functional recovery. TBI increased expression of DNA sensors cyclic GMP-AMP synthase and stimulator of interferon genes in wild-type (WT) mice. IFN-β and other IFN-related and neuroinflammatory genes were also upregulated early and persistently after TBI. TBI increased expression of proinflammatory mediators in the cortex and hippocampus of WT mice, whereas levels were mitigated in IFN-β−/−mice. Moreover, long-term microglia activation, motor, and cognitive function impairments were decreased in IFN-β−/−TBI mice compared with their injured WT counterparts; improved neurological recovery was associated with reduced lesion volume and hippocampal neurodegeneration in IFN-β−/−mice. Continuous central administration of a neutralizing antibody to the IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR) for 3 d, beginning 30 min post-injury, reversed early cognitive impairments in TBI mice and led to transient improvements in motor function. However, anti-IFNAR treatment did not improve long-term functional recovery or decrease TBI neuropathology at 28 d post-injury. In summary, TBI induces a robust neuroinflammatory response that is associated with increased expression of IFN-β and other IFN-related genes. Inhibition of IFN-β reduces post-traumatic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, resulting in improved neurological recovery. Thus, IFN-β may be a potential therapeutic target for TBI.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTBI frequently causes long-term neurological and psychiatric changes in head injury patients. TBI-induced secondary injury processes including persistent neuroinflammation evolve over time and can contribute to chronic neurological impairments. The present study demonstrates that TBI is followed by robust activation of type I IFN pathways, which have been implicated in microglial-associated neuroinflammation and chronic neurodegeneration. We examined the effects of genetic or pharmacological inhibition of IFN-β, a key component of type I IFN mechanisms to address its role in TBI pathophysiology. Inhibition of IFN-β signaling resulted in reduced neuroinflammation, attenuated neurobehavioral deficits, and limited tissue loss long after TBI. These preclinical findings suggest that IFN-β may be a potential therapeutic target for TBI.
Regional Cultural Understanding in Teacher Education in Latvia, Lithuania, Norway: Comparative Case Analysis
Authors: Siliņa-Jasjukeviča Gunta , Briška Ilze , Juškevičienė Agnė 
Published: February 2020

The unique cultural space of each country is comprised of the cultural diversity of its regions with the cultural heritage hidden in the outskirts and border areas of the country. The regional traditions make up an important source of value and knowledge for ensuring cultural sustainability. In teacher education this problem can be treated either in a transmissive or transformative way. It can be seen as performing particular rituals and respecting norms, or cultural values that are personally experienced and highly evaluated, as one’s internally motivated involvement in exploration, cultivation, cooperation and creativity in own community without losing the national and global context.The aim of the study is to investigate the tendencies in teacher education for promoting primary school students’ regional cultural understanding in teaching practice.To pursue the set aim, the concept of regional cultural understanding (RCU) was analysed, the ways of introducing regional cultural understanding in teacher education curriculum including the factors facilitating or hindering the development of regional cultural understanding in teacher education were identified.The comparative case analysis of good practice examples in three countries was carried out to show regularities, differences and similarities of possible pedagogical approaches.Methods: content analysis of educational documents and semi-structured interviews with teacher educators.Sample: teacher education institutions in three countries: Latvia, Lithuania and Norway.Results: structured suggestions for content of the studies and pedagogical approaches for development of preservice teachers’ readiness to realize regional cultural understanding in their teaching practice.