bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petro‐masculinity and climate change denial among white, politically conservative American males
Authors: Nelson Joshua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhite, politically conservative males in the United States have been widely found to maintain petro‐masculine attitudes that include aspects of racism, misogyny, and climate change denial. These beliefs and their associated behaviors, including climate destructiveness, can be conceptualized as compensatory reactions to modern‐day racial, gender, and climate‐related anxieties that are experienced as threats to traditional white male privilege and power. They then manifest as and energize authoritarian desires and their associated sociopolitical movements, including the current Republican effort to Make American Great Again. This paper utilizes psychoanalytic concepts concerning individual and large‐group identity, group psychodynamics and processes, and the intergenerational transmission of idealized myth and fantasy to further elucidate and expand upon these complex phenomena. It then suggests specific strategies for disentangling the strong links between white hegemonic masculinity, fossil fuel use, and climate change denial, thus opening doors to alternative, non climate‐destructive yet still empowering notions of individual, large‐group, and national identity that are, instead, based in communal concern and climate care.
Environmental models for predicting habitat of the Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins in Fujian, China
Authors: Chen Bingyao , Hong Zhe , Hao Xiuqing , Gao Huili 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The coast of Fujian Province is a key area for the Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis), but the characteristics of their preferred habitats are poorly defined.
The species distribution model, MaxEnt, was used to predict suitable habitat distributions of humpback dolphins in Fujian, China. The model indicated that the distance to the coastline (63.5% contribution), chlorophyll‐a levels (20.2%) and the bathymetry (15.6%) were important predictors of humpback dolphin habitats.
The model predicted 2,043.96 km2 of highly suitable habitat that was concentrated in five areas. Four are known to be within the area of the current distribution of humpback dolphins; Putian was identified as a new area with suitable habitat, however, it is unclear if dolphins are present.
The predicted locations of suitable humpback dolphin habitats provided in this study should be the focus of future research and nature reserve designs.
Solar polarization observations at 3 and 13 mm
Authors: Kallunki Juha , Tornikoski Merja , Kirves Petri , Oinaskallio Erkki , Aatrokoski Juha , Mujunen Ari , Tammi Joni 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe first solar radio polarization observations at 3 mm (86 GHz) and 13 mm (22 GHz) were made at Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory in Finland in spring 2019. This was the first time that 3 mm (86 GHz) and 13 mm (1.3 cm) solar polarization observations were made with the same radio telescope. In this paper, we describe the observing system and data analysis, and present the first results. We also compare our data with polarization observations made with the Nobeyama Radioheliograph and find that the results are consistent. Additionally, we determine the quiet Sun level brightness temperature at 3 mm (86 GHz) using the New Moon for reference, and obtain a mean value of 6,310 K.
Boosting the Supercapacitive Behavior of CoAl Layered Double Hydroxides via Tuning the Metal Composition and Interlayer Space
Authors: Seijas‐Da Silva Alvaro , Sanchis‐Gual Roger , Carrasco Jose A. , Oestreicher Víctor , Abellán Gonzalo , Coronado Eugenio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) are promising supercapacitor materials due to their wide chemical versatility, earth abundant metals and high specific capacitances. Many parameters influencing the supercapacitive performance have been studied such as the chemical composition, the synthetic approaches, and the interlayer anion. However, no systematic studies about the effect of the basal space have been carried out. Here, two‐dimensional (2D) CoAl‐LDHs were synthesized through anion exchange reactions using surfactant molecules in order to increase the interlayer space (ranging from 7.5 to 32.0 Å). These compounds exhibit similar size and dimensions but different basal space to explore exclusively the interlayer distance influence in the supercapacitive performance. In this line, Co : Al ratios of 2 : 1, 3 : 1 and 4 : 1 were explored. In all cases, an enhancement of the specific capacitance was observed by increasing the basal space, reaching ca. 50 % more than the value obtained from the less‐spaced 2 : 1 CoAl‐LDH (going from ca. 750 to 1100 F.g−1 at 1 A.g−1). This increment mainly occurs because of the increase in the electrochemical surface area (up to ca. 260 %) and the higher electrolyte diffusion. Interestingly, the best performance is achieved for the lowest Co : Al ratio (i. e. the highest Al content) revealing the important role of the electrochemically inert Al in the structure.
Education, health and care plans and tribunals in England: A statistical tale from 2019
Authors: Marsh Alan J. , Howatson Kathryn 
Published: February 2020

Education, health and care (EHC) plans were introduced in England in 2014, as a replacement for statements of special educational needs. Unexpectedly, the number of children and young people in receipt of an EHC plan rose by 49% during the 5 years up to 2019. Whilst most of the increase has been due to the extension of the age range up to age 25, there has still been a notable rise of 20% in the 0–15‐year range. This study explores the trends and variations in EHC plans and tribunals within English local authorities (LAs) for children and young people with special educational needs and disability (SEND) by interrogating the latest full set of data from 2013 to 2018. Two quintile groups (n = 30) are used for comparing LAs with high and low levels of EHC plans and LA case studies are also presented for further inspection of the data. Wide variations across LAs still exist for EHC plans (5.2% to 1.0%) and tribunal appeals (43 to 0 per 10,000). LAs with low EHC plans have more appealable decisions at tribunals and are financed at significantly lower levels than LAs with high EHC plans, largely due to an historic spend factor of 50% in the national funding formula. There are also clear differences between the English regions for both EHC plans and tribunals, with high increases for both in the South East. The implications of the findings are discussed within the framework of LA critical self‐reviews, benchmarking, fiscal constraints and inclusion.
Skew‐normal random‐effects model for meta‐analysis of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies
Authors: Negeri Zelalem F. , Beyene Joseph 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHierarchical models are recommended for meta‐analyzing diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies. The bivariate random‐effects model is currently widely used to synthesize a pair of test sensitivity and specificity using logit transformation across studies. This model assumes a bivariate normal distribution for the random‐effects. However, this assumption is restrictive and can be violated. When the assumption fails, inferences could be misleading. In this paper, we extended the current bivariate random‐effects model by assuming a flexible bivariate skew‐normal distribution for the random‐effects in order to robustly model logit sensitivities and logit specificities. The marginal distribution of the proposed model is analytically derived so that parameter estimation can be performed using standard likelihood methods. The method of weighted‐average is adopted to estimate the overall logit‐transformed sensitivity and specificity. An extensive simulation study is carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed model compared to other standard models. Overall, the proposed model performs better in terms of confidence interval width of the average logit‐transformed sensitivity and specificity compared to the standard bivariate linear mixed model and bivariate generalized linear mixed model. Simulations have also shown that the proposed model performed better than the well‐established bivariate linear mixed model in terms of bias and comparable with regards to the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the between‐study (co)variances. The proposed method is also illustrated using a published meta‐analysis data.
A dynamic model linking cell growth to intracellular metabolism and extracellular by‐product accumulation
Authors: Ramos João R. C. , Rath Alexander G. , Genzel Yvonne , Sandig Volker , Reichl Udo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMathematical modeling of animal cell growth and metabolism is essential for the understanding and improvement of the production of biopharmaceuticals. Models can explain the dynamic behavior of cell growth and product formation, support the identification of the most relevant parameters for process design, and significantly reduce the number of experiments to be performed for process optimization. Few dynamic models have been established that describe both extracellular and intracellular dynamics of growth and metabolism of animal cells. In this study, a model was developed, which comprises a set of 33 ordinary differential equations to describe batch cultivations of suspension AGE1.HN.AAT cells considered for the production of α1‐antitrypsin. This model combines a segregated cell growth model with a structured model of intracellular metabolism. Overall, it considers the viable cell concentration, mean cell diameter, viable cell volume, concentration of extracellular substrates, and intracellular concentrations of key metabolites from the central carbon metabolism. Furthermore, the release of metabolic by‐products such as lactate and ammonium was estimated directly from the intracellular reactions. Based on the same set of parameters, this model simulates well the dynamics of four independent batch cultivations. Analysis of the simulated intracellular rates revealed at least two distinct cellular physiological states. The first physiological state was characterized by a high glycolytic rate and high lactate production. Whereas the second state was characterized by efficient adenosine triphosphate production, a low glycolytic rate, and reactions of the TCA cycle running in the reverse direction from α‐ketoglutarate to citrate. Finally, we show possible applications of the model for cell line engineering and media optimization with two case studies.
An autoinducible trp‐T7 expression system for production of proteins and biochemicals in Escherichia coli
Authors: Landberg Jenny , Mundhada Hemanshu , Nielsen Alex Toftgaard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInducible expression systems can be applied to control the expression of proteins or biochemical pathways in cell factories. However, several of the established systems require the addition of expensive inducers, making them unfeasible for large‐scale production. Here, we establish a genome integrated trp‐T7 expression system where tryptophan can be used to control the induction of a gene or a metabolic pathway. We show that the initiation of gene expression from low‐ and high‐copy vectors can be tuned by varying the initial concentration of tryptophan or yeast extract, and that expression is tightly regulated and homogenous when compared with the commonly used lac‐T7 system. Finally, we apply the trp‐T7 expression system for the production of l‐serine, where we reach titers of 26 g/L in fed‐batch fermentation.
Emissions permit allocation and strategic firm behavior: Evidence from the oil sector in the European Union emissions trading scheme
Authors: Patnaik Sanjay 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith the growing urgency of climate change, governments around the world are increasingly implementing new regulations for greenhouse gases. This trend elevates the importance of examining how firms engage in strategic efforts to influence regulations before they are in place and how they respond once they are in effect (i.e., their ex‐ante and ex‐post strategic behavior). This paper examines the outcomes of such strategic efforts by multinational and domestic oil companies within the European Union emissions trading scheme. An analysis of a panel dataset of oil firms (2008–2012) shows that on average the outcome of ex‐ante strategies did not differ significantly between multinational companies (MNCs) and domestic firms. However, the findings indicate that among those firms that received positive net benefits from the new climate policy, domestic firms were able to maximize these benefits better than MNCs through their ex‐post strategies. In contrast, among the firms that faced net costs due to the policy, MNCs were able to minimize these costs better than domestic firms, ex‐post. This paper advances our understanding of whether and to what extent MNCs differ from domestic firms in their economic outcomes stemming from strategic behavior related to emissions trading. This question is especially pertinent for regulations related to climate change, which is one of humanity's grand challenges and has important consequences for our economic, social, and political systems.
Long noncoding RNA DUXAP8 contributes to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating miR‐422a/PDK2 axis
Authors: Wei Feifei , Yang Liang , Jiang Dandan , Pan Min , Tang Guiyan , Huang Mingyue , Zhang Jing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly cancer worldwide. Multiple long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are recently identified as crucial oncogenic factors or tumor suppressors. In this study, we explored the functon and mechanism of lncRNA double homeobox A pseudogene 8 (DUXAP8) in the progression of HCC.MethodsExpression levels of DUXAP8 in HCC tissue samples were measured using qRT‐PCR. The association between pathological indexes and the expression of DUXAP8 was also analyzed. Human HCC cell lines SMMC‐7721 and QSG‐7701 were used in in vitro studies. CCK‐8 assay was used to assess the effect of DUXAP8 on HCC cell line proliferation. Scratch healing assay and Transwell assay were conducted to detect the effect of DUXAP8 on migration and invasion. Furthermore, dual‐luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm targeting relationship between miR‐422a and DUXAP8. Additionally, Western blot was used to detect the regulatory function of DUXAP8 on pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2).ResultsDUXAP8 expression HCC clinical samples was significantly increased and this was correlated with unfavorable pathological indexes. High expression of DUXAP8 was associated with shorter overall survival time of patients. Its overexpression remarkably facilitated the proliferation, metastasis, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of HCC cells. Accordingly, knockdown of it suppressed the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells. Overexpression of DUXAP8 significantly reduced the expression of miR‐422a by sponging it, but enhanced the expression of PDK2.ConclusionsDUXAP8 was a sponge of tumor suppressor miR‐422a in HCC, enhanced the expression of PDK2 indirectly, and functioned as an oncogenic lncRNA.
Learning from the Past: Possible Urgent Prevention and Treatment Options for Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by 2019‐nCoV
Authors: Morse Jared S. , Lalonde Tyler , Xu Shiqing , Liu Wenshe Ray 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith the current trajectory of the 2019‐nCoV outbreak unknown, public health and medicinal measures will both be needed to contain spreading of the virus and to optimize patient outcomes. Although little is known about the virus, an examination of the genome sequence shows strong homology with its better‐studied cousin, SARS‐CoV. The spike protein used for host cell infection shows key nonsynonymous mutations that might hamper the efficacy of previously developed therapeutics but remains a viable target for the development of biologics and macrocyclic peptides. Other key drug targets, including RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase and coronavirus main proteinase (3CLpro), share a strikingly high (>95 %) homology to SARS‐CoV. Herein, we suggest four potential drug candidates (an ACE2‐based peptide, remdesivir, 3CLpro‐1 and a novel vinylsulfone protease inhibitor) that could be used to treat patients suffering with the 2019‐nCoV. We also summarize previous efforts into drugging these targets and hope to help in the development of broad‐spectrum anti‐coronaviral agents for future epidemics.
Metastatic lung cancer presenting as thoracic empyema. A Case report
Authors: Leporati Andrea , Raveglia Federico , Cioffi Ugo , De Simone Matilde , Ghelma Filippo , Baisi Alessandro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIncreased cancer risk in patients with inflammatory and infectious diseases has been reported in many studies and lung cancer‐associated empyema in <0.3% patients. We present a patient with empyema in whom the final diagnosis was metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Purulent pleural fluid obtained by drainage or thoracentesis must always been examined because the association of malignant tumors and empyema should be taken into consideration.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia presenting with atypical basophils
Authors: Shameli Afshin , Jamani Kareem 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe describe a case of acute promyelocytic leukemia with circulating aberrant basophils. Recent studies have shown that basophilic differentiation is not uncommon in APL and likely under‐recognized in morphologic and immunophenotypic assessments.
Cushing's syndrome: Consequences of late diagnosis after bariatric surgery
Authors: Pedro Jorge , Belo Sandra , Guerreiro Vanessa , Ferreira Maria João , Salazar Daniela , Costa Cláudia , Esteves César , Pereira Josué , Freitas Paula , Carvalho Davide 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrior to bariatric surgery, endocrine causes of obesity must be excluded. The diagnosis of osteoporosis in a male requires the study of secondary causes of this condition. The diagnostic delay of Cushing's syndrome may have irreversible consequences.
Self‐inflicted human bite followed by hand necrotizing fasciitis in an adult with Down syndrome
Authors: Komagoe Sho , Azumi Shogo , Hasegawa Yuta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdults with Down syndrome are more prone to develop intellectual, physical, and psychological disorders than their pediatric counterparts. It is pertinent to prevent the occurrence of severe complications in these patients. This case demonstrates the importance of support, regular follow‐up, and wound management in self‐care of adults with Down syndrome.
Non Monotonous Product Distribution Dependence on Pt/γ‐Al2O3−Cl Catalysts Formulation in n‐Heptane Reforming.
Authors: Said‐Aizpuru Olivier , Batista Ana T. F. , Bouchy Christophe , Petrazzuoli Vittorio , Allain Florent , Diehl Fabrice , Farrusseng David , Morfin Franck , Joly Jean‐François , Dandeu Aurélie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of 19 carefully selected Pt/γ‐Al2O3−Cl formulations was followed by high‐throughput catalytic testing in order to unravel the effect of an active phase formulation change on n‐heptane reforming performances. Pt/γ‐Al2O3−Cl catalysts were prepared with different Pt (0.3–1 %wt) and Cl (0.1–1.4 %wt) contents and using two γ‐Al2O3 supports so that both sites concentrations and sites locations at the crystallite surface vary among the catalyst pool. Catalytic tests were conducted in mild conditions for a comparison of catalysts in kinetic regime. Results show that Pt and Cl concentrations control the competition between hydroisomerisation, hydrogenolysis and hydrocracking pathways. Aromatisation, on the contrary, is poorly affected by formulation changes. Non‐monotonous trends linking Pt/Cl ratio to isomerisation selectivity are found for both γ‐Al2O3 supports. This study provides new insights for the description of bi‐functional transformations in catalytic naphtha reforming.
Stereoselectivity Inversion by Water Addition in the −SO3H‐catalyzed Tandem Prins‐Ritter Reaction for Synthesis of 4‐amidotetrahydropyran Derivatives
Authors: Sidorenko Alexander Yu. , Li‐Zhulanov Nikolai S. , Mäki‐Arvela Päivi , Sandberg Thomas , Kravtsova Anna V. , Peixoto Andreia F. , Freire Cristina , Volcho Konstantin P. , Salakhutdinov Nariman F. , Agabekov Vladimir E. , Murzin Dmitry Yu. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA range of heterogeneous ‐SO3H functionalized catalysts including carbon and halloysite nanotubes, commercial K10 clay, Amberlyst‐15 etc. was investigated for the first time using as a model the Prins‐Ritter reaction of (−)‐isopulegol with benzaldehyde and acetonitrile producing 4‐amido derivatives of octahydro‐2H‐chromenes (as (S)‐ and (R)‐diastereomers). A strong effect of water addition prior the reaction on the overall selectivity and the ratio of isomers in the case of heterogeneous and homogeneous (p‐toluenesulfonic acid) catalysis was found for the first time. The yield of the (R)‐diastereomer sharply increased with increasing amount of added water, while the S‐isomer prevailed with a minimum amount of added water. Experimental results and DFT calculations clearly indicate a kinetic control for R‐amide formation. Typically synthesis of 4‐amidooctahydro‐2H‐chromenes requires subzero temperatures and toxic catalysts, which were avoided in the current work. Nevertheless, the yield of the desired products (up to 83 %) at 30 °C after water addition exceeded the values reported previously. Thus, adding water is a simple and a very effective method for controlling both the yield and stereoselectivity of the Prins‐Ritter reaction products under mild conditions.
Ranking and multicriteria decision making in optimization of raspberry convective drying processes
Authors: Stamenković Zoran , Radojčin Milivoj , Pavkov Ivan , Bikić Siniša , Ponjičan Ondrej , Bugarin Rajko , Kovács Sándor , Gere Attila 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSerbia is one of the leading producers and exporters of raspberry in the world, and considering the short shelf life of raspberry, the processing, storage, and transport are some of the main issues to be addressed.A comparative experiment was conducted in order to find the suitable process parameters for convective drying that may be considered as the alternatives to freeze‐drying, which is a widely used preservation method for raspberry even though it is a costly and energy‐consuming method. Twelve convective drying regimens were applied with a combination of three influencing factors: air temperature (60°C, 70°C, and 80°C), air rate (0.5 and 1.5 m·s−1), and stage of raspberry (fresh and frozen). The final product, a dried raspberry, was assessed for chemical, physical, and mechanical properties and rehydration capacity. Deep ranking analysis by power eigenvectors (DRAPE) and sum of ranking differences (SRD) were used to uncover the differences and similarities between the applied drying methods.SRD showed that convective drying of fresh raspberries proved to be more similar to freeze‐dried raspberries than convective drying of frozen ones. Fresh samples dried at 60 °C air temperature and 1.5 m·s−1 air flow proved to be the most similar to the reference freeze‐drying method. This convective regimen gives samples with the lowest color change, shrinkage, and shape deformation. With the mechanical and chemical properties of these samples being observed, statistical Duncan's test show that there is no significant difference (P < .05) in terms of hardness, shear force resistance, total phenolic, and total flavonoid preservation, compared with freeze‐dried samples. DRAPE gave similar results, but it added the variable importance in ranking as well, and total phenol reduction was defined as the most important variable. These results can help practitioners to develop cheaper and simpler drying methods that would replace the freeze‐drying but keep the same quality of the dried products.