bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de tuberculose no estado do Maranhão de 2009 a 2018
Authors: Passarinho Neto Amadeu Rodrigues , Macêdo Kécya Patricia  Costa , Vaz Jéssica Larissa Sousa , Costa Soliane Cristina Rodrigues , Feitosa Sarah Daisy Mota , Neves Viviane Cardoso , Lima Verde Roseane Mara Cardoso , Nascimento Matheus Hipólito do , Soares Leonardo Ferreira , Sousa Francisco das Chagas Araújo , Moraes Arionildo Batista , Oliveira Evaldo Hipólito de 
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Delinear o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de tuberculose notificados no Estado do Maranhão entre os anos de 2009 e 2018. Métodos: Estudo de natureza retrospectiva, descritiva e quantitativa sobre as ocorrências de tuberculose notificadas no estado do Maranhão, delineando seu perfil epidemiológico. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos no estudo revelam que no período de 2009 a 2018 foram registradas 23.120 notificações de caso de Tuberculose no Estado do Maranhão, onde se encontra atualmente em 4º lugar na região Nordeste e em 11º no país. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou que mesmo com a grande quantidade do número de casos de Tuberculose no Estado do Maranhão, houve uma grande diminuição do número de pessoas infectadas ao longo do período analisado. Foi demonstrado que a doença acomete mais as pessoas do sexo masculino e, entre os 20 aos 39 anos de idade.
ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY ASSESSMENT AS INPUT TO POLICY DIRECTION IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN PHILIPPINES, CATARMAN NORTHERN SAMAR
Authors: Sanico Felisa P. Lucero 
Published: August 2020

This study focused on the organizational capacity assessment of the University of Eastern Philippines as an input to policy direction. This employed descriptive research design using the middle level management of every college covering the Deans and department chairs as respondents. This included the members of the University Administrative Council. OCA assessment template was modified and used as instrument of this study.
This study found out that mostly of the middle managers are older, female, and a majority of the middle managers are younger in the service which signifies that the institution is after the fresh ideas of newer in the service. The university were assessed in the seven (7) capacity areas: governance, operations and management, human resources development, financial management, business services, delivery, communication (vertical and horizontal), and external relations. The middle managers are consistent with their responses on their capacity along business services delivery, financial management, and human resource development.
Along the recommendatory assessment, the University should focus on assessing the governing body whether it functions and attracts funding, review regularly and update the University Code, benchmark effective strategy for implementing business plans for IGPs, facilities and equipment management control in place, develop and follow staff training plan, prepare system to motivate staff in place, follow budgetary allocation seriously, determine adequate capacity for bulking of inputs and agricultural products, use of assessment tools for evaluating members satisfaction with services provided to them, improve capacity to set baselines, targets and monitor, meet local market share adequately, improve grievance mechanism, establish e-communication platform, in place faculty and student exchange program, and mainstream the alumni to the university activities.
CAPACITATED VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM
Authors: A.A Ibrahim , N. Lo , R.O Abdulaziz , J.A Ishaya 
Published: August 2020

Cost of transportation of goods and services is an interesting topic in today’s society. The Capacitated vehicle routing problem, which is been consider in this research, is one of the variants of the vehicle routing problem. In this research we develop a reinforcement learning technique to find optimal paths from a depot to the set of customers while also considering the capacity of the vehicles, in order to reduce the cost of transportation of goods and services. Our basic assumptions are; each vehicle originates from a depot, service the customers and return to the depot, the vehicles are homogeneous. We solve the CVRP with an exact method; column generation, goole’s operation research tool and reinforcement learning and compare their solutions. Our objective is to solve a large-size of vehicle routing problem to optimality.
Urban-rural divide in foodborne illness in China: what can we learn from the socioeconomic factors?
Authors: Dong Fang 
Published: August 2020

Background China’s urban-rural divide, though still improving, can be seen from various sectors of the economy. The objective of this study is to explore how socioeconomic factors in and across both urban and rural areas explain the occurrence of foodborne illness in China. Over the last decades, food safety laws and regulations have been established in China, but more understanding about the food safety issues are needed in order to eliminate food safety hazards. Methods This study intends to estimate several panel data models in econometrics to obtain the average partial effects of many socioeconomic factors in and across urban and rural areas on per capita foodborne incidents and patients, respectively. Given the fractional nature of the two dependent variables, fractional probit models are estimated using both the Quasi Maximum Likelihood Estimation (QMLE) and the bootstrap Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) approaches in addition to the standard estimation of panel data random effects, fixed effects, and Tobit models. China official data on foodborne incident and patient cases in each province and in each year from 2011 to 2018 are obtained from various issues of the China Health Statistical Yearbook. Additional data on 19 socioeconomic variables are obtained from various issues of the China Statistical Yearbook. Results The main results show that socioeconomic factors such as owning TVs, owning refrigerators, consumption expenditures and household income in urban or rural areas explain the per capita foodborne incidents or per capita foodborne patients differently, reflecting differences in people’s food safety awareness, food storage patterns, food markets, and income effects in the urban and rural areas. Socioeconomic factors such as urbanization and primary industry’s share of the gross regional product across areas tend to worsen the food safety problem. Improving regional economies and increasing government spending on public health could reduce the occurrence of foodborne illness. Conclusions It is suggested that governments take into account the social disparities of urban and rural areas when designing and implementing food safety policies. It is also suggested that a holistic approach is needed to resolve food safety issues by combining food safety control and management policies with soil and water management policies.
Geology and Geochemistry of Iroko-Granites Southwestern Nigeria: implication on provenance
Authors: OlaOlorun Olusola A. , Akinyemi Segun , Oluwaleye Ayomide J. , Agbemuko Joseph 
Published: August 2020

The geology, geochemistry of Iroko-granites have been studied and reported in this paper. The study area has been described as of Archaean –Early Proterozoic terrain underlain by migmatite-gneiss-quartzite complex with supracustal rocks. Large number of granites which outcrops in Iroko-Ekiti represent a typical occurrence of granitoids sporadically distributed in the basement and are known to belong to the Older Granite suites, which are attributable to the Pan-African Orogeny(750± 150Ma). The rocks occur, mostly as flat and low lying within sparse vegetation. Structures common on and around the outcrops include quartz vein, veinlets, pegmatite dykes which trend North-south, discrete exfoliated surfaces and xenoliths of older rocks. This study reveals that the granites belong to calc-alkalic suites, demonstrate metaluminous nature, and exhibit characteristics of I-type granites. The granite is a distinctive type in that it is relatively highly potassic, has high FeO/(FeO + MgO) ratio, and high average Zr (299.75ppm) concentration with other high field strength elements. The trace elements study implicates pronounced fractional crystallization during evolution of the granites and thus petrogenetically discriminates as Syn-collision provenance.
Elephant culture matter for China's Asian elephants conservation
Authors: Tang Yongjing , Li Zhengling , Jiang Guilian , Lv Ting , Zhang Lei , Zhao Wenlan , Zhu Gaofan , Chen Mingyong 
Published: August 2020

Traditional anthropogenic impacts such as hunting, using as war-elephant, trading of ivory, paying tribute to the imperial court and so on, were once thought to be directly responsible for the rapid decline of Asian elephants in China. But in Yunnan Province, China, a unique human factor such as the traditional elephant culture of local ethnic minorities, is an important factor in the conservation of Asian elephants. In these areas, we investigated by means of village interviews, field surveys and data collection, the results show that the elephant culture of ethnic minorities has a great impact on people's thoughts and behaviors, these traditional culture and belief (that mean taking elephant as the God, holding elephant as a belief, worshipping elephant and praise it) urges people to actively protect elephants and avoid more human-elephant conflicts. To enhance the public awareness of Asian elephant conservation, the Chinese Government or international environmental organizations should give higher attention and support to these elephant cultures.
The Embryonic Develompent and Hatching Rate of Cantang Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Forskall 1775 x Epinephelus lanceolatus, Bloch 1790)
Authors: Kembara Albet Surya , Sari Putri Desi Wulan 
Published: August 2020

Cantang grouper is a grouper species produced from the hybridization of Kertang grouper and Tiger grouper. The hybridization,besides increasing species diversification, also has the prospect of cultivation that has the opportunity to increase fishery production in the future. The technique of maintaining grouper larvae needs to be known to be able to increase the production value of the grouper larvae and create technological opportunities in the production process. The embryonic development phase of cantang grouper egg consists of multicellular phase, blastula, gastrula, separation of the tail from the egg sac, the movement of embryo, internal organ formation and the hatching eggs. During the two months maintenance period, the Hatching Rate (HR) larvae were found to be 80%.
Penanaman Nilai Spiritualitas Melalui Mujahadah Nihadlul Mustaghfirin Terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Santri Pondok Pesantren Tarbiyatul Islam Al-Falah Salatiga
Authors: Maghfiroh Lailatul 
Published: August 2020

Through this article the author provides an overview related to the cultivation of spiritual values through Mujahadah Nihadlul Mustaghfirin towards the character of santri in the PPTI Al-Falah Salatiga. In this study, it can be seen that the planting of spiritual values through mujahadah plans an important role in character building, especially among the santri of the Al-Falah Islamic boarding school. This research will focus on 1) the extent to which spiritual values are planted through mujahadah towards the formation of santri character, 2) inhibiting factors and supporting factors in the cultivation of spiritual values through Mujahadah Nihadlul Mustagfririn in the formation of santri characters. The research is using qualitative research by describing the implementation of Mujahadah in Al-Falah Islamic Boarding School. The results of the study show that the cultivation of spiritual values through Mujahadah really had a significant effect on the character of santri. Thus, the santri is able to have closeness with Allah so that he is able to rest in seeking knowledge and can have ahlakul karimah in dealing with humans (hablun min An-nas) and its relationship with the creator (hablun minallah). The supporting factors and obstacles are the enthusiasm of the students who want to add more value to their spirituality in order to be able to control themselves and be able to form better characters. The inhibiting factor is the lack of new santri about mujahadah and its purpose.
Learning Study och kollegial CoRe stimulerar lärares professionella utveckling inom naturvetenskaplig undervisning
Authors: Åhman Niclas , Gunnarsson Gunilla , Edfors Inger 
Published: August 2020

Syftet med studien är att klargöra hur lärares professionella utveckling stimuleras då de planerar och genomför en Learning Study (LS) kombinerad med verktyget Content Representation (CoRe). Data består av sex erfarna lärares inspelade diskussioner under åtta träffar då de planerar och analyserar en LS bestående av två lektioner i årkurs 6 inom kemi, samt tre CoRe som lärarna skriver. I början av studien talar lärarna mest om undervisning som att fakta ska förmedlas till eleverna. När de sedan planerar första lektionen övergår deras diskussioner till hur de kan stimulera eleverna till diskussion och reflektion. Lärarna planerar både lektion 1 och 2 utifrån ett variationsteoretiskt perspektiv, men lektion 1 genomförs inte i enlighet med vad de planerat. Det är först i lektion 2 som läraren behåller fokus på lärandeobjektet och dess kritiska aspekter. Resultatet av studien visar även att en Learning Study kombinerad med CoRe stimulerar lärares professionella utveckling och ämnesdidaktiska kompetens i form av lärande nätverk enligt Clarkes och Hollingsworths (2002) modell ”interconnected model of professional growth”.
In English: The aim of this study is to explore science teachers’ professional development when they perform a Learning Study (LS), using the tool Content Representations (CoRe). The empirical data consists of six experienced teachers’ audio recorded discussions during eight meetings when they plan and analyse two lectures in chemistry for year 6 (age 12-13 years), and three written CoRe. In the beginning of the study, the teachers talk about teaching and learning mainly as transformation of facts. However, when they plan the first lecture, they discuss how to stimulate students’ discussions and reflections. The teachers planned both lectures according to variation theory. However, only the second lecture is also implemented according to their plan, with a focus on the object of learning. The results show that the combination of CoRe and LS stimulate also experienced teachers’ professional development, through growth networks according to the model "interconnected model of professional growth" (Clarke and Hollingsworth, 2002).
Colômbia: reformas com viés antilaboral, direitos do trabalho na rota da extinção
Authors: Moisá Elicabide Laura Carla , Lucía Tangarife López Carmen 
Published: August 2020

Colombia se caracteriza por una política estructural antilaboral, el modelo económico adoptado históricamente ha desconocido y perseguido a las organizaciones de los trabajadores, no ha desarrollado una estructura laboral formal y se distingue por la marginal democracia en las decisiones que afectan el mundo del trabajo. Este modelo estructural se ha profundizado en los albores del siglo XXI, mientras en otros países del continente se tomaban medidas que frenaban el avance de la flexibilización de las normas laborales y se aumentaba la participación de las organizaciones de los trabajadores, Colombia continua en la senda de políticas antilaborales, dando como resultado que durante las primeras décadas del siglo XXI la participación del trabajo en los frutos del crecimiento económico fue precaria y marginal. Este modelo continuó siendo de carácter antilaboral no solo en la falta de participación en lo económico sino en la misma ordenación jurídica, ya que sumada a la estructural falencia de derechos laborales y a la reforma de los años 90´s, los gobiernos del siglo XXI llevaron adelante una serie de reformas carácter flexible y precarizador. Puesto esto, el artículo quiere mostrar la desestructura del mercado laboral colombiano, reforzada con las dos reformas laborales de las últimas décadas, sumadas a las pequeñas reformas que han transformado el sistema de seguridad social, la estructura de la tributación caracterizada por ser antilaboral, para finalmente, debatir algunas propuestas que sirvan para mejorar las condiciones de la población trabajadora en medio de un proceso de negociación que ha terminado una histórica guerra y que permite mostrar la realidad de nuestro país.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Reforma Laboral. Colombia. Trabajo. Precariedad.
Development and Characterization of a New Endoscopic Drug-Eluting Platform With Proven Efficacy in Acute and Chronic Experimental Colitis
Authors: Bon Ignacio , Cano-Sarabia Mary , de la Ossa Napoleon , Bartolí Ramon , Lorenzo-Zúñiga Vicente 
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims: Mucosal lesions refractory to biological treatments represent unmet needs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that require new treatment modalities. We developed and characterized a new endoscopic drug-eluting hydrogel (CoverGel) with proven efficacy in acute and chronic experimental colitis (EC) in rats.Methods: CoverGel was developed based on appropriate rheological, drug release, gelation, structural, and degradation property capacities to allow endoscopic application. Experimental colitis (EC) was induced by TNBS application in rats. In acute EC 40, rats were randomized in five groups (eight each): Sham, Control, CoverGel, CoverGel + Infliximab (IFX) and CoverGel + Vedolizumab (VDZ). In chronic EC, 12 rats were randomized in two groups (six each): IFX s.c. and CoverGel + IFX. Endoscopic, histological, and blood test were performed during follow-up to evaluate clinical success. Antibodies to IFX (ATIs) were evaluated in chronic EC animal study.Results: CoverGel is a biocompatible and bioadhesive reverse thermosensitive gelation hydrogel with a macroporous structure and drug release capacity. In acute EC animals treated with CoverGel + IFX or CoverGel + VDZ showed significantly clinical success (weight recovery, mucosal restoration, and bacterial translocation) as compared with controls and animals without a bioactive drug. In a chronic EC animal study, clinical efficacy was comparable in both groups. Levels of ATIs were significantly lower in animals treated with CoverGel + IFX vs. IFX s.c. (0.90 ± 0.06 μg/mL-c vs. 1.97 ± 0.66 μg/mL-c, p = 0.0025).Conclusions: CoverGel is an endoscopic vehicle to locally deliver biological drugs with proven efficacy in acute and chronic EC in rats and induce less immunogenicity reaction.
Internal Medicine Residents’ Perceptions of Nephrology as a Career: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Beck Natalie , Furgeson Seth , Chonchol Michel , Kendrick Jessica 
Published: August 2020

Background
Interest in nephrology as a career has declined dramatically over the past several years. Only 62% of nephrology fellowship positions are filled for the upcoming 2020 appointment year. The purpose of this study was to identify perceptions, attitudes, motivators, and barriers to a career in nephrology among internal medicine residents.

Methods
We recruited focus groups of internal medicine residents (N=25) from the University of Colorado, and asked questions aimed at exploring perceptions, attitudes, and barriers to a career in nephrology, and ways to increase interest in nephrology. All focus groups were conducted on the University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus. Focus group sessions were recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to identify key concepts and themes.

Results
Residents described many barriers to a career in nephrology, including lack of exposure, lack of advances in the field, low monetary compensation, high complexity, lack of role models/mentors, and low-prestige/noncompetitive nature of the field. Most residents had no exposure to outpatient nephrology. Lack of new therapeutics was a significant deterrent to nephrology. Nephrology teaching in medical school was described as not clinically relevant and too complicated. Several residents felt they were not smart enough for nephrology. Only three residents had a role model within nephrology. Residents used the word “stigmatized” to describe nephrology, and discussed how low prestige decreased their interest in a field. Participants expressed suggestions to increase interest in nephrology through earlier and more outpatient nephrology exposure, enhanced interactions with nephrologists, and research and advancements in the field.

Conclusions
Residents identified several modifiable barriers to a career in nephrology. Changing how nephrology is taught in medical school, enhancing interactions with nephrologists through increased exposure, and highlighting research and advancements in nephrology may change the perception of nephrology and increase the number of residents entering the field.
Avatares en el lazo social y constitución narcisista. Análisis de una situación clínica.*
Authors: Mendoza María Jimena 
Published: August 2020

A partir de la demanda a salud mental en un centro de salud, este artículo analiza las dificultades en el lazo con semejantes de niños varones entre seis y once años. Muestra, además, cómo estas dificultades nos reenvían a trabajar la instauración de las figuras de la alteridad y la constitución narcisista, así como también las vicisitudes de ser alojado por la pareja parental y las instituciones como la escuela y el centro de salud.

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* Artículo escrito sobre la base del trabajo final integrador para la Carrera de Especialización en Psicología Clínica, Institucional y Comunitaria (UNR). “¿Por sus efectos lo reconoceremos? Dificultades en la constitución narcisista” del que soy autora bajo la dirección de Mg. Jaime Fernández Miranda. Fue presentado en 2014 y aprobado en 2015.
¿Qué espera un niño de un adulto? Interrogantes a partir de una experiencia lúdica grupal*
Authors: Fidalgo María Eugenia 
Published: August 2020

Este escrito plantea el interrogante acerca de qué espera un niño de un adulto, y cómo esa pregunta toma forma en una experiencia lúdico-terapéutica grupal. Con el objetivo general de problematizar la relación niño - adulto, partiendo de una necesaria asimetría entre ellos, se ubican algunas funciones a las que un adulto está llamado a sostener y se indaga cómo instituir legalidad, a través del análisis de cuatro viñetas de la experiencia que reflejan parte del proceso de trabajo llevado adelante con uno de los niños que participó. Se concluye que se hace necesario preservar la asimetría entre niños y adultos como condición de legalidad ineludible para que un sujeto pueda emerger desde la palabra, gestionando su propio lugar de enunciación en el lazo social.

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*El presente artículo fue escrito sobre la base del trabajo final integrador de la Carrera de especialización en Psicología clínica institucional y comunitaria (UNR) del mismo título, del que soy autora y que fue dirigido por la Dra. Silvia Lampugnani y aprobado en 2016.