bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the genetic diversity in the feijoa accessions maintained at Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Saifert Luciano , Sánchez‐Mora Fernando David , Borsuk Lido José , Donazzolo Joel , da Costa Newton Clóvis Freitas , Ribeiro Humberto Nunes , Nodari Rubens Onofre 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFeijoa [Acca sellowaiana (O. Berg) Burret], also known as pineapple guava or goiabeira‐serrana, is a species of the Myrtaceae family native to southern Brazil and Uruguay. The genetic diversity of feijoa's natural populations has been studied and is relatively well‐documented; however, the genetic diversity of feijoa accessions in the largest active germplasm bank (AGB) in Brazil, and is still poorly documented. Characterizing and conserving pineapple guava accessions present in the AGB is essential for developing breeding programs and conserving the diversity of the species. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of all accessions using eight microsatellite markers. The AGB collection includes accessions from 26 municipalities in Brazil, New Zealand, the United States, Israel, and Uruguay; selected clones, and selections of directed crossings, totaling 313 accessions. Genotyping 309 of these accessions with eight microsatellite markers revealed 119 alleles. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied between .466 (ASE40) and .890 (ASE34) with an overall mean of .718. This genotyping confirms the existence of two main types or biotypes in the species, denoted as the Uruguay type and Brazil type. Also, a significant proportion of the feijoa diversity, which is absent from the AGB‐Feijoa collection, is present in germplasm maintained by indigenous people, quilombola communities, federal conservation units, participatory genetic breeding, and areas of natural occurrence, thus reinforcing the need to introduce new accessions into São Joaquim's AGB‐Feijoa.
Two‐Dimensional Transition Metal Chalcogenides for Alkali Metal Ions Storage
Authors: Zhang Yingxi , Zhang Liao , Lv Tu'an , Chu Paul K. , Huo Kaifu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOn the heels of exacerbating environmental concerns and ever‐growing global energy demand, development of high‐performance renewable energy‐storage and ‐conversion devices has aroused great interest. The electrode materials, which are the critical components in electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices, largely determine the energy‐storage properties, and the development of suitable active electrode materials is crucial to achieve efficient and environmentally friendly EES technologies albeit the challenges. Two‐dimensional transition‐metal chalcogenides (2D TMDs) are promising electrode materials in alkali metal ion batteries and supercapacitors because of ample interlayer space, large specific surface areas, fast ion‐transfer kinetics, and large theoretical capacities achieved through intercalation and conversion reactions. However, they generally suffer from low electronic conductivities as well as substantial volume change and irreversible side reactions during the charge/discharge process, which result in poor cycling stability, poor rate performance, and low round‐trip efficiency. In this Review, recent advances of 2D TMDs‐based electrode materials for alkali metal‐ion energy‐storage devices with the focus on lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), high‐energy lithium–sulfur (Li–S), and lithium–air (Li–O2) batteries are described. The challenges and future directions of 2D TMDs‐based electrode materials for high‐performance LIBs, SIBs, PIBs, Li–S, and Li–O2 batteries as well as emerging alkali metal‐ion capacitors are also discussed.
Fault Diagnostics in PEMFC Stacks by Evaluation of Local Performance and Cell Impedance Analysis
Authors: Mitzel J. , Sanchez‐Monreal J. , Garcia‐Sanchez D. , Gazdzicki P. , Schulze M. , Häußler F. , Hunger J. , Schlumberger G. , Janicka E. , Mielniczek M. , Gawel L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStarvation, flooding, and dry‐out phenomena occur in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), due to heterogeneous local conditions, material inhomogeneity, and uneven flow distribution across the single cell active area and in between the individual cells. The impact of the load level and air feed conditions on the performance was identified for individual single cells within a 10‐cell stack. Analysis of the current density distribution across the active area at the cell level was correlated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to enable operando fault diagnostic without any impact of the applied analytical tools on the single cell behavior. Moreover, the combination of both technologies allows in‐depth analysis of fault mechanisms in fuel cell single cells with improved sensitivity. Current density distribution and the quantitative assessment of the performance homogeneity demonstrated high sensitivity to small humidity changes and allow the detection of critical events, such as dry‐out in single cells. Impedance analysis is more sensitive regarding polarization and diffusion limitations and allows detection of cell flooding. The combination of both techniques is required for reliable identification of air starvation faults.
Network failures: When incentives trigger impulsive responses
Authors: Zhukovsky Peter , Morein‐Zamir Sharon , Meng Chun , Dalley Jeffrey W. , Ersche Karen D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdequate control of impulsive urges to act is demanded in everyday life but is impaired in neuropsychiatric conditions such as stimulant use disorder. Despite intensive research it remains unclear whether failures in impulse control are caused by impaired suppression of behavior or by the over invigoration of behavior by stimuli associated with salient incentives such as drugs, food, and money. We investigated failures in impulse control using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the neural correlates of premature (impulsive) responses during the anticipation phase of the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task in healthy controls (HC), stimulant‐dependent individuals (SDIs), and their unaffected first‐degree siblings (SIB). We combined task‐based fMRI analyses with dynamic causal modeling to show that failures of impulse control were associated with interactions between cingulo‐opercular and dorsal striatal networks regardless of group status and incentive type. We further report that group‐specific incentive salience plays a critical role in modulating impulsivity in SDIs since drug‐related incentives specifically increased premature responding and shifted task modulation away from the dorsal striatal network to the cingulo‐opercular network. Our findings thus indicate that impulsive actions are elicited by salient personally‐relevant incentive stimuli and those such slips of action recruit a distinct fronto‐striatal network.
Accurate prediction of individual subject identity and task, but not autism diagnosis, from functional connectomes
Authors: Byrge Lisa , Kennedy Daniel P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite enthusiasm about the potential for using fMRI‐based functional connectomes in the development of biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the literature is full of negative findings—failures to distinguish ASD functional connectomes from those of typically developing controls (TD)—and positive findings that are inconsistent across studies. Here, we report on a new study designed to either better differentiate ASD from TD functional connectomes—or, alternatively, to refine our understanding of the factors underlying the current state of affairs. We scanned individuals with ASD and controls both at rest and while watching videos with social content. Using multiband fMRI across repeat sessions, we improved both data quantity and scanning duration by collecting up to 2 hr of data per individual. This is about 50 times the typical number of temporal samples per individual in ASD fcMRI studies. We obtained functional connectomes that were discriminable, allowing for near‐perfect individual identification regardless of diagnosis, and equally reliable in both groups. However, contrary to what one might expect, we did not consistently or robustly observe in the ASD group either reductions in similarity to TD functional connectivity (FC) patterns or shared atypical FC patterns. Accordingly, FC‐based predictions of diagnosis group achieved accuracy levels around chance. However, using the same approaches to predict scan type (rest vs. video) achieved near‐perfect accuracy. Our findings suggest that neither the limitations of resting state as a “task,” data resolution, data quantity, or scan duration can be considered solely responsible for failures to differentiate ASD from TD functional connectomes.
N6‐Methyladenosine Reader Protein YT521‐B Homology Domain‐Containing 2 Suppresses Liver Steatosis by Regulation of mRNA Stability of Lipogenic Genes
Authors: Zhou Bing , Liu Caizhi , Xu Lingyan , Yuan Youwen , Zhao Jiejie , Zhao Wenjun , Chen Yiyan , Qiu Jin , Meng Meiyao , Zheng Ying , Wang Dongmei , Gao Xin , Li Xiaoying , Zhao Qihong , Wei Xiaohui , Wu Duojiao , Zhang Huijie , Hu Cheng , Zhuo Xiaozhen , Zheng Minghua , Wang Hua , Lu Yan , Ma Xinran 
Published: March 2020

Background and Aims
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by accumulation of excessive triglycerides (TGs) in hepatocytes. Obesity is a major risk factor for developing fatty liver, although the intracellular molecular basis remains largely unclear. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is the most common internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA.

Approach and Results
In the present study, by m6A sequencing and RNA sequencing, we found that both m6A enrichment and mRNA expression of lipogenic genes were significantly increased in leptin‐receptor–deficient db/db mice. Importantly, our results showed that YT521‐B homology domain‐containing 2 (Ythdc2), an m6A reader, was markedly down‐regulated in livers of obese mice and NAFLD patients. Suppression of Ythdc2 in livers of lean mice led to TG accumulation, whereas ectopic overexpression of Ythdc2 in livers of obese mice improved liver steatosis and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, we found that Ythdc2 could bind to mRNA of lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1c, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1, and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase 1, to decrease their mRNA stability and inhibit gene expression.

Conclusions
Our findings describe an important role of the m6A reader, Ythdc2, for regulation of hepatic lipogenesis and TG homeostasis, which might provide a potential target for treating obesity‐related NAFLD.
Ecological Risk Assessment of Underwater Sounds from Dredging Operations
Authors: McQueen Andrew D , Suedel Burton C , de Jong Christ , Thomsen Frank 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
There is an increasing international focus to understand and quantify the potential ecological risks of low-frequency underwater sounds produced from anthropogenic activities (e.g., commercial shipping, dredging, construction, and offshore energy production). For dredge operations, a risk-based approach has been proposed for identifying, assessing, and managing risks; however, specific details of the framework and demonstration of the approach are lacking. Thus, the goal of this study was to provide a practical, concise, and reliable framework for assessing the effects of dredging sounds on aquatic life. The specific objectives were to 1) further specify a risk assessment approach for assessing underwater sounds from dredging operations, 2) demonstrate the utility of the approach in practice using a case study, and 3) document the strengths and challenges of the approach. The risk framework was adapted for underwater sounds to include a project formulation step, an analysis step to analyze and assess exposure and biological responses, a risk characterization process in which the preceding steps are integrated and uncertainty is addressed, and a risk management step. A key beneficial component of this framework is the use of a phased approach, whereby a screening step offers a process that utilizes existing or readily available information to evaluate risk. In general, a limitation of evaluating risks due to dredge operations is the degree of uncertainty surrounding effect thresholds for many marine species; however, this approach emphasizes the importance of documenting and communicating uncertainty to regulators, stakeholders, and practitioners in the decision-making process. A case study example is included to illustrate how the framework can be applied in practice. The primary strength of this method is the intrinsic flexibility of the framework to adapt as the scientific understanding improves and new data become available in the rapidly evolving field of underwater acoustics. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:481–493. © 2020 SETAC
Cancer stem cell enrichment is associated with enhancement of nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase expression
Authors: Pozzi Valentina , Salvolini Eleonora , Lucarini Guendalina , Salvucci Alessia , Campagna Roberto , Rubini Corrado , Sartini Davide , Emanuelli Monica 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe cancer stem cell theory states that a subset of tumor cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), has the ability to self‐renew and differentiate within the tumors. According to this theory, CSCs would be mainly responsible for tumor initiation, progression, resistance to therapy, recurrence, and metastasis. In this study, a culture system was setup to enrich CSCs from bladder cancer (T24), lung cancer (A549), colorectal cancer (CaCo‐2), and osteosarcoma (MG63) cell lines, through sphere formation. Magnetic‐activated cell sorting was also used to further increase CSC enrichment. Subsequently, molecular characterization of CSC‐enriched cell populations and parental cells was carried out, by exploring the expression levels of stem markers and the enzyme nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase (NNMT). Results obtained showed a significant upregulation of stem cell markers in CSC‐enriched populations, obtained upon sphere formation, compared with parental counterparts. Moreover, NNMT expression levels were markedly increased in samples enriched with CSCs with respect to control cells. Considering the fundamental role played by CSCs in carcinogenesis, reported data strengthen the hypothesis that sustains a pivotal role of NNMT in cancer growth and metastasis. In addition, these findings could represent an important achievement for the development of new and effective anticancer therapies, based on CSC‐associated targets.
Andiroba oil (Carapa guianensisAubl) shows cytotoxicity but no mutagenicity in the ACPP02 gastric cancer cell line
Authors: Porfírio‐Dias Clara L. , Melo Karina M. , Bastos Carlos E. M. C. , Ferreira Tássia A. A. , Azevedo Luana F. C. , Salgado Hugo L. , Santos Alberdan S. , Rissino Jorge D. , Nagamachi Cleusa Y. , Pieczarka Julio C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAndiroba (Carapa guianensisAubl) is an Amazonian plant whose oil has been widely used in traditional medicine for various purposes, including anti‐inflammation. Research reports indicate that the oil can confer antitumor activity due to the presence of fatty acids, which can directly influence cell death mechanisms. Thus, andiroba oil (AO) has gained interest for its potential to be used in antineoplastic therapies. Here, we report an in vitro analysis of the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of AO in the gastric cancer cell line, ACP02. Cell survival was assessed by the MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, differential staining with ethidium bromide and acridine orange assessed apoptosis‐necrosis, and mutagenesis was assessed by the micronucleus test. The apolar oil was first diluted in 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then further diluted to six concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/mL and 1 mg/mL) in RPMI medium. Controls included RPMI alone (negative control) and 0.1% DMSO diluted in medium (vehicle control). The MTT test showed that AO significantly reduced cell viability (P< .05) only when the highest tested concentration was applied for 48 hours. The apoptosis/necrosis test showed that the highest concentration of AO induced cell death by apoptosis at 24 and 48 hours. There was no statistically significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei. The ability of the AO to decrease the viability of ACP02 cells via apoptosis, without exerting mutagenic effects, suggests that the oil could be useful as an alternative therapeutic agent for primary tumors of stomach cancer.
Association of IGF‐1 gene rs2195239 polymorphism with the risk and clinical features of gastric cancer in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Wang Pengli , Zhou Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecently, a Japanese study investigated the relationship between insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) gene rs2195239 polymorphism and gastric cancer (GC) risk and found rs2195239 polymorphism did not relate with the risk of GC. However, no Chinese studies have addressed this relationship until now. Thus, the aims of this study were to demonstrate whether IGF‐1 gene rs2195239 polymorphism was linked with the risk and clinical features of GC in a Chinese Han population.MethodsIn order to verify the link between IGF‐1 gene rs2195239 polymorphism and GC risk, we recruited 361 GC cases and 418 controls in this case‐control study. The genotyping was done by use of a custom‐by‐design 48‐Plex SNP scan TM Kit.ResultsThis study found that IGF‐1 gene rs2195239 polymorphism decreased the risk of GC. Stratified analyses suggested that the significant association was shown in the females, non‐smokers, non‐drinkers, and age <60 years groups for GC. In addition, IGF‐1 gene rs2195239 polymorphism correlated with the tumor size, tumor clinical stage, and pathological types for GC patients.ConclusionTo sum up, this study shows that IGF‐1 gene rs2195239 polymorphism is associated with the risk and clinical features of GC patients in this Chinese population.
Evaluation of Hemodialysis Effect on Pharmacokinetics of Meropenem/Vaborbactam in End‐Stage Renal Disease Patients Using Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Zhuang Luning , Yu Yichao , Wei Xiaohui , Florian Jeffry , Jang Seong H. , Reynolds Kellie S. , Wang Yaning 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of hemodialysis (HD) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of meropenem/vaborbactam, an approved beta‐lactam/beta‐lactamase inhibitor combination, and provide the rationale for the recommended timing of meropenem/vaborbactam administration relative to HD in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Population PK models were developed separately for meropenem and vaborbactam in subjects with normal renal function and different degrees of renal impairment, including those receiving HD. Simulations were performed to evaluate the exposure of meropenem and vaborbactam in ESRD patients who received a fixed dose of 0.5 g/0.5 g meropenem/vaborbactam every 12 hours as a 3‐hour intravenous infusion under various drug administration schedules relative to HD. The probability of target attainment (PTA) analyses were conducted with pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets of meropenem and vaborbactam. Simulations showed that HD reduces the accumulation of vaborbactam, but the exposure of vaborbactam is still above the PK/PD target regardless of whether meropenem/vaborbactam is administered predialysis or postdialysis. For meropenem, drug infusion completed right prior to initiation of HD may substantially reduce exposure leading to poor PTA results. In contrast, drug infusion completed at least 2 hours prior to initiation of HD is not predicted to result in efficacy loss based on PTA analysis. The results of simulation indicate that meropenem/vaborbactam infusion completed at least 2 hours prior to initiation of HD or administered immediately after the end of HD can avoid potential efficacy loss in ESRD patients.
The Effect of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Itacitinib
Authors: Srinivas Nithya , Barbour April M. , Epstein Noam , Zhou Gongfu , Petusky Susan , Xun Zhinyin , Yuska Brad , Marbury Thomas , Chen Xuejun , Yeleswaram Swamy , Punwani Naresh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractItacitinib is a novel, selective, Janus kinase 1 inhibitor in development for treatment of graft‐versus‐host disease. The objective of this study was to assess pharmacokinetics and safety of 300‐mg itacitinib dosed in participants with normal renal function (n = 10), severe renal impairment (n = 8), and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (n = 8). Serial plasma and urine samples (urine from normal and severe groups only) were collected before dosing until 72 hours after dosing. In the ESRD group, itacitinib was evaluated in 2 periods, when dosed before (period 1) and after (period 2) a hemodialysis session. Geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) in participants with severe renal impairment, ESRD period 1 and ESRD period 2 relative to participants with normal renal function were 1.65 (1.13‐2.39), 0.71 (0.49‐1.03), and 0.83 (0.57‐1.20) for maximum plasma drug concentration and 2.23 (1.56‐3.18), 0.81 (0.57‐1.16), and 0.95 (0.66‐1.35) for area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity. Itacitinib was well tolerated, and 3 grade 1 treatment‐emergent adverse events were reported over the course of the study. Given the magnitude of exposure changes in participants with severe renal impairment or ESRD and the historic risk‐benefit profile, no dose adjustment is recommended for itacitinib in patients with impaired renal function, although the final dosage recommendation will be based on cumulative pharmacokinetics and safety from this study and from the pivotal graft‐versus‐host disease trial. Additionally, itacitinib may be administered to patients undergoing dialysis regardless of the time of dialysis.
Quinoline biodegradation characteristics of a new quinoline‐degrading strain, Pseudomonas citronellolis PY1
Authors: Wang Pu‐Yu , Chen Hu , Wang Ying , Lyu Yong‐Kang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuinoline exerts inhibitory effects on microorganisms in the biological process. However, microbial degradation of quinoline is feasible, and bacteria with quinoline‐degrading ability have gained increasing attention, making it possible to improve the bioremediation performance of wastewater. Therefore, this article focused on the quinoline removal performance of a new strain Pseudomonas citronellolis PY1.RESULTSThe optimal conditions of strain PY1 for quinoline removal are incubation temperature 30 °C, dissolved oxygen (DO) 4.69 mg/L and pH 7.0–9.0. For strain PY1, complete removal of quinoline could be achieved within 18 h. Zinc ions (Zn2+) have less toxicity to PY1 than cadmium ions (Cd2+), and efficient removal of quinoline occurs within 50 mg/L Zn2+ and 30 mg/L Cd2+. Through high‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS) analysis, five major intermediates were identified in the quinoline biodegradation process. On the basis of these intermediates and gas detection, strain PY1 is suggested to degrade quinoline through the typical 8‐hydroxy coumarin pathway.CONCLUSIONStrain PY1 could utilize quinoline as the sole carbon and nitrogen source for growth, and show superior quinoline biodegradation performance, as indicated by simultaneous biomass growth and high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal accompanied with quinoline removal. All the results provide a theoretical base for treating actual wastewater containing quinoline. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry