bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality Assessment Inventory Cognitive Bias Scale: Validation in a Military Sample
Authors: Armistead-Jehle Patrick , Ingram Paul B , Morris Cole S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Recently, in a mixed neuropsychological outpatient sample, a measure of cognitive response bias has been developed for the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) called the Cognitive Bias Scale (CBS). This study sought to cross-validate this measure in a military sample.

Method
Retrospective review of 197 active duty soldiers referred to an Army outpatient clinic for neuropsychological evaluation. Groups were created based on the number of failed performance validity tests (0, 1, or 2–3 performance validity testing [PVT] failures).

Results
The magnitude of effect for the 10-item CBS scale was medium-to-large when comparing those with one PVT failure to those with two to three (d = .98) and those with no failures (d = 1.21); however, effects between the 1 and 2–3 PVT failure groups were less pronounced. In 1 and 2–3 PVT failure groups, a score of $\ge$16 had high specificity (.92 and .95, respectively) and low to moderate sensitivity (.20 and .55, respectively).

Conclusions
In a military sample, the CBS demonstrated high specificity with relatively low sensitivity. The measure operated similarly to the original study and the current data supports the CBS to rule in, but not rule out, over-reported cognitive symptoms on the PAI.
PTGL: extension to graph-based topologies of cryo-EM data for large protein structures
Authors: Wolf Jan Niclas , Keßler Marcus , Ackermann Jörg , Koch Ina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Summary
We provide a software to describe the topology of large protein complexes based mainly on cryo-EM data and stored as macromolecular Crystallographic Information Files (mmCIFs) in the PDB. The software extends the Protein Topology Graph Library and implements an efficient file parser to analyze mmCIFs. The extended Protein Topology Graph Library includes a graph-based representation of the topology of protein complexes on the supersecondary and quaternary structure level. The library holds topology graphs of 151 837 PDB files; 921 of them are large structures. The abstraction of protein structure complexes to undirected labeled graphs enables classification and comparison of large protein complexes on quaternary structure level.

Availability and implementation
Online access at http://ptgl.uni-frankfurt.de. Source code in Java under GNU public license 2.0 at https://github.com/MolBIFFM/vplg.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Politics and Indigenous Victimization: The Case of Brazil
Authors: de Carvalho Salo , Goyes David R , Vegh Weis Valeria 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There is a dearth of criminological scholarship on how the political persuasions of governments affect Indigenous people as it relates to human rights and environmental consequences, whether positive or negative, for Indigenous peoples. To address this gap, we develop a comparative instrumental case study of the policies concerning Indigenous peoples implemented during two political periods in Brazil: the administrations of presidents Silva (2003–2010) and Rousseff (2011–2016) and the administrations of Temer (2016–2018) and Bolsonaro (2019–). We explore the consequences for Indigenous peoples of these leftist and the right-wing governments. We argue that governments of both political leanings victimize Indigenous populations, with leftist governments using structural violence and right-wing governments engaging additionally in symbolic and direct violence.
Rapid and accurate detection of carbapenem-resistance gene by isothermal amplification in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Liu Shuang , Huang Guangtao , Gong Yali , Jin Xiaojun , Meng Yudan , Peng Yizhi , Zhao Junning , Li Xiaolu , Li Qin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is one of the pivotal pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections, especially in patients with low immune response, and infection with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii has been increasing in recent years. Rapid and accurate detection of carbapenem-resistance genes in A. baumannii could be of immense help to clinical staff.

Methods
In this study, a 15-μL reaction system for recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was developed and tested. We collected 30 clinical isolates of A. baumannii from the Burn Institute of Southwest Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) for 6 months and tested antibiotic susceptibility using the VITEK 2 system. A. baumannii was detected based on the blaOXA-51 gene by PCR, qPCR and 15 μL-RPA, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated. In addition, PCR and 15 μL-RPA data for detecting the carbapenem-resistance gene blaOXA-23 were comparatively assessed.

Results
The detection limit of the blaOXA-51 gene by 15 μL RPA was 2.86 CFU/ml, with sensitivity comparable to PCR and qPCR. No positive amplification signals were detected in non-Acinetobacter isolates, indicating high specificity. However, only 18 minutes were needed for the 15 μL RPA assay. Furthermore, an antibiotic susceptibility test showed that up to 90% of A. baumannii strains were resistant to meropenem and imipenem; 15 μL RPA data for detecting blaOXA-23 showed that only 10% (n = 3) of A. baumannii isolates did not show positive amplification signals, and the other 90% of (n = 27) isolates were positive, corroborating PCR results.

Conclusion
We demonstrated that the new 15 μL RPA assay for detecting blaOXA-23 in A. baumannii is faster and simpler than qPCR and PCR. It is a promising alternative molecular diagnostic tool for rapid and effective detection of A. baumannii and drug-resistance genes in the field and point-of-care testing.
Plasma Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-rich Protein 2 Concentrations in Children With Malaria Infections of Differing Severity in Kilifi, Kenya
Authors: Uyoga Sophie , Wanjiku Perpetual , Rop Jesse C , Makale Johnstone , Macharia Alexander W , Nyutu Gideon M , Shebe Mohammed , Awuondo Kennedy A , Mturi Neema , Woodrow Charles J , Dondorp Arjen M , Maitland Kathryn , Williams Thomas N 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Most previous studies support a direct link between total parasite load and the clinical severity of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections.

Methods
We estimated P. falciparum parasite loads in 3 groups of children with malaria infections of differing severity: (1) children with World Health Organization–defined severe malaria (n = 1544), (2) children admitted with malaria but without features of severity (n = 200), and (3) children in the community with asymptomatic parasitemia (n = 33).

Results
Peripheral parasitemias were highest in those with uncomplicated malaria (geometric mean [GM] parasite count, 111 064/μL; 95% confidence interval, CI, 86 798–141 819/μL), almost 3 times higher than in those with severe malaria (39 588/μL; 34 990–44 791/μL) and &gt;100 times higher than in those with asymptomatic malaria (1092/μL; 523–2280/μL). However, the GM P. falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) values (95% CI) increased with severity, being 7 (4–12) ng/mL in asymptomatic malaria, 843 (655–1084) ng/mL in uncomplicated malaria, and 1369 (1244–1506) ng/mL in severe malaria. PfHRP2 concentrations were markedly lower in the subgroup of patients with severe malaria and concomitant invasive bacterial infections of blood or cerebrospinal fluid (GM concentration, 312 ng/mL; 95% CI, 175–557 ng/mL; P &lt; .001) than in those without such infections (1439 ng/mL; 1307–1584; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The clinical severity of malaria infections related strongly to the total burden of P. falciparum parasites. A quantitative test for plasma concentrations of PfHRP2 could be useful in identifying children at the greatest clinical risk and identifying critically ill children in whom malaria is not the primary cause.
A Random-Line-Graph Approach to Overlapping Line Segments
Authors: Böttcher Lucas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study graphs that are formed by independently positioned needles (i.e. line segments) in the unit square. To mathematically characterize the graph structure, we derive the probability that two line segments intersect and determine related quantities such as the distribution of intersections, given a certain number of line segments $N$. We interpret intersections between line segments as nodes and connections between them as edges in a spatial network that we refer to as random-line graph (RLG). Using methods from the study of random-geometric graphs, we show that the probability of RLGs to be connected undergoes a sharp transition if the number of lines exceeds a threshold $N^*$.
Impaired retinal microvascular function predicts long-term adverse events in patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Theuerle James D , Al-Fiadh Ali H , Amirul Islam Fakir M , Patel Sheila K , Burrell Louise M , Wong Tien Yin , Farouque Omar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
Endothelial dysfunction is a precursor to the development of symptomatic atherosclerosis. Retinal microvascular reactivity to flicker light stimulation is a marker of endothelial function and can be quantified in vivo. We sought to determine whether retinal microvascular endothelial dysfunction predicts long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Methods and results
In a single-centre prospective observational study, patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or cardiovascular risk factors underwent dynamic retinal vessel assessment in response to flicker light stimulation and were followed up for MACE. Retinal microvascular endothelial dysfunction was quantified by measuring maximum flicker light-induced retinal arteriolar dilatation (FI-RAD) and flicker light-induced retinal venular dilatation (FI-RVD). In total, 252 patients underwent dynamic retinal vessel assessment and 242 (96%) had long-term follow-up. Of the 242 patients, 88 (36%) developed MACE over a median period of 8.6 years (interquartile range 6.0–9.1). After adjustment for traditional risk factors, patients within the lowest quintile of FI-RAD had the highest risk of MACE [odds ratio (OR) 5.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.78–15.28]. Patients with lower FI-RAD were also more likely to die (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.00–4.40, per standard deviation decrease in FI-RAD). In Kaplan–Meier analysis, patients with FI-RAD responses below the cohort median of 1.4% exhibited reduced MACE-free survival (55.5 vs. 71.5%; log-rank P = 0.004). FI-RVD was not predictive of MACE.

Conclusion
Retinal arteriolar endothelial dysfunction is an independent predictor of MACE in patients with CAD or cardiovascular risk factors. Dynamic retinal vessel analysis may provide added benefit to traditional risk factors in stratifying patients at risk for cardiovascular events.
WCSdb: a database of wild Coffea species
Authors: Guyot Romain , Hamon Perla , Couturon Emmanuel , Raharimalala Nathalie , Rakotomalala Jean-Jacques , Lakkanna Sreenath , Sabatier Sylvie , Affouard Antoine , Bonnet Pierre 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Coffee is a beverage enjoyed by millions of people worldwide and an important commodity for millions of people. Beside the two cultivated species (Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora), the 139 wild coffee species/taxa belonging to the Coffea genus are largely unknown to coffee scientists and breeders although these species may be crucial for future coffee crop development to face climate changes. Here we present the Wild Coffee Species database (WCSdb) hosted by Pl@ntNet platform (http://publish.plantnet-project.org/project/wildcofdb_en), providing information for 141 coffee species/taxa, for which 84 contain a photo gallery and 82 contain sequencing data (genotyping-by-sequencing, chloroplast or whole genome sequences). The objective of this database is to better understand and characterize the species (identification, morphology, biochemical compounds, genetic diversity and sequence data) in order to better protect and promote them.

Database URL
http://publish.plantnet-project.org/project/wildcofdb_en
The Medical Management of Paediatric Crohn’s Disease: an ECCO-ESPGHAN Guideline Update
Authors: van Rheenen Patrick F , Aloi Marina , Assa Amit , Bronsky Jiri , Escher Johanna C , Fagerberg Ulrika L , Gasparetto Marco , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Griffiths Anne , Henderson Paul , Koletzko Sibylle , Kolho Kaija-Leena , Levine Arie , van Limbergen Johan , Martin de Carpi Francisco Javier , Navas-López Víctor Manuel , Oliva Salvatore , de Ridder Lissy , Russell Richard K , Shouval Dror , Spinelli Antonino , Turner Dan , Wilson David , Wine Eytan , Ruemmele Frank M 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to provide an evidence-supported update of the ECCO-ESPGHAN guideline on the medical management of paediatric Crohn’s disease [CD].MethodsWe formed 10 working groups and formulated 17 PICO-structured clinical questions [Patients, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome]. A systematic literature search from January 1, 1991 to March 19, 2019 was conducted by a medical librarian using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central databases. A shortlist of 30 provisional statements were further refined during a consensus meeting in Barcelona in October 2019 and subjected to a vote. In total 22 statements reached ≥ 80% agreement and were retained.ResultsWe established that it was key to identify patients at high risk of a complicated disease course at the earliest opportunity, to reduce bowel damage. Patients with perianal disease, stricturing or penetrating behaviour, or severe growth retardation should be considered for up-front anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] agents in combination with an immunomodulator. Therapeutic drug monitoring to guide treatment changes is recommended over empirically escalating anti-TNF dose or switching therapies. Patients with low-risk luminal CD should be induced with exclusive enteral nutrition [EEN], or with corticosteroids when EEN is not an option, and require immunomodulator-based maintenance therapy. Favourable outcomes rely on close monitoring of treatment response, with timely adjustments in therapy when treatment targets are not met. Serial faecal calprotectin measurements or small bowel imaging [ultrasound or magnetic resonance enterography] are more reliable markers of treatment response than clinical scores alone.ConclusionsWe present state-of-the-art guidance on the medical treatment and long-term management of children and adolescents with CD.
It is easy to see, but it is better to foresee: a case report on the favourable alliance between CardioMEMS and levosimendan
Authors: Visco Valeria , Esposito Cristina , Vitillo Paolo , Vecchione Carmine , Ciccarelli Michele 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
In the past years, different devices have been investigated to help in identifying early decompensation events in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction (EF), reducing hospital admissions. In this report, we present the first patient experience with levosimendan infusion led by CardioMEMS.

Case summary
A 68-year-old man with HF and reduced EF with more than 20 hospitalizations for exacerbation of HF was enrolled in our HF Clinic from October 2017. Echocardiogram showed a dilated left ventricle with severely reduced EF (29%) and increased pulmonary artery systolic pressure (40 mmHg). From October 2017 to May 2019, the patient went through numerous hospitalizations, despite optimal medical therapy; subsequently, was adopted a strategy of levosimendan infusions guided by CardioMEMS. Levosimendan infusions improved haemodynamic and pressure profiles. The patient was monitored daily by CardioMEMS, and from June to December 2019, he had only two hospitalizations scheduled for levosimendan infusion and none for HF exacerbation.

Discussion
Our case supports the combination of CardioMEMS and levosimendan for the optimal management of patients with advanced HF. These results further strengthen the development of a randomized clinical trial to demonstrate the clinical usefulness of this device in combination with the levosimendan infusion programme in advanced HF patients.
Ticagrelor and the risk of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and other infections
Authors: Butt Jawad H , Fosbøl Emil L , Gerds Thomas A , Iversen Kasper , Bundgaard Henning , Bruun Niels Eske , Larsen Anders R , Petersen Andreas , Andersen Paal S , Skov Robert L , Østergaard Lauge , Havers-Borgersen Eva , Gislason Gunnar H , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Olesen Jonas B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the 1-year risks of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB), sepsis, and pneumonia in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and were treated with ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel.

Methods and results
In this nationwide observational cohort study, 26 606 patients who underwent urgent or emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (January 2011–December 2017) and initiated treatment with ticagrelor [N = 20 073 (75.5%); median age 64 years (25th–75th percentile 55–72 years); 74.8% men] or clopidogrel [N = 6533 (24.5%); median age 68 years (25th–75th percentile 58–77 years); 70.2% men] were identified using Danish nationwide registries. The 1-year standardized absolute risks of outcomes was calculated based on cause-specific Cox regression models, and average treatment effects between treatment groups were obtained as standardized differences in absolute 1-year risks. The absolute 1-year risk of SAB was 0.10% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.05–0.15%] in the ticagrelor group and 0.29% (95% CI, 0.17–0.42%) in the clopidogrel group. Compared with clopidogrel, treatment with ticagrelor was associated with a significantly lower absolute 1-year risk of SAB [absolute risk difference −0.19% (95% CI, −0.32% to −0.05%), P value 0.006]. Likewise, treatment with ticagrelor was associated with a significantly lower absolute 1-year risk of sepsis [0.99% (95% CI, 0.83–1.14%) vs. 1.49% (95% CI, 1.17–1.80%); absolute risk difference −0.50% (95% CI, −0.86% to −0.14%), P value 0.007] and pneumonia [3.13% (95% CI, 2.86–3.39%) vs. 4.56% (95% CI, 4.03–5.08%); absolute risk difference −1.43% (95% CI, −2.03% to −0.82%), P value &lt; 0.001] compared with clopidogrel.

Conclusion
Treatment with ticagrelor was associated with a significantly lower 1-year risk of SAB, sepsis, and pneumonia compared with clopidogrel.
Sinoatrial nodal artery injury in thoracoscopic epicardial ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Li Haojie , Qu Jianyu , Yu Yitong , Zhang Heng , Rao Chenfei , Liu Sheng , Zheng Lihui , Lu Bin , Zheng Zhe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to clarify the incidence of sinoatrial nodal artery (SANa) injury in thoracoscopic epicardial surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) and its impact on postoperative outcomes, which have not been previously elucidated.

METHODS
We enrolled 103 consecutively patients with AF who underwent thoracoscopic epicardial ablation at our institution. In these patients, we evaluated the postoperative incidence of SANa injury by using enhanced cardiac computed tomography. For patients with confirmed SANa injury, 3-day continuous electrocardiographic monitoring and exercise stress tests were performed to assess the sinus rhythm maintenance and sinus node function.

RESULTS
Thirteen patients (12.6%) had a confirmed SANa injury (left anterior type in 6 patients, left posterior type in 2 patients and double-branch type in 5 patients). After a median follow-up of 24 months, the patients with SANa injury were not found to be associated with lower sinus rhythm maintenance (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% confidential interval 0.36–3.31) as compared with those without SANa injury after adjustment for patient characteristics. Sinus node function was evaluated in 7 patients with SANa injury who remained in sinus rhythm after the procedure, and no sinus node dysfunction was confirmed in the 3-day electrocardiographic monitoring and exercise stress tests at a median follow-up of 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of SANa injury in the patients who underwent thoracoscopic epicardial ablation for AF was relatively low, and the incidence of SANa injury was not associated with postoperative restoration of sinus rhythm and sinoatrial node dysfunction. More studies are required to better understand SANa injury.
Magnetic resonance-guided re-ablation for atrial fibrillation is associated with a lower recurrence rate: a case–control study
Authors: Quinto Levio , Cozzari Jenniffer , Benito Eva , Alarcón Francisco , Bisbal Felipe , Trotta Omar , Caixal Gala , San Antonio Rodolfo , Garre Paz , Prat-Gonzalez Susana , Perea Rosario Jesús , Tolosana José Maria , Berruezo Antonio , Arbelo Elena , Roca-Luque Ivo , Sitges Marta , Brugada Josep , Guasch Eduard , Mont Lluís 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
Our aim was to analyse whether using delayed enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (DE-CMR) to localize veno-atrial gaps in atrial fibrillation (AF) redo ablation procedures improves outcomes during follow-up.

Methods and results
We conducted a case–control study with 35 consecutive patients undergoing a DE-CMR-guided Repeat-pulmonary vein isolation (Re-PVI) procedure. Those with more extensive ablations (e.g. roof lines, box) were excluded. Patients were matched for age, sex, AF pattern, and left atrial dimension with 35 patients who had undergone a conventional Re-PVI procedure guided with a three dimensional (3D)-navigation system. Procedural characteristics were recorded, and patients were followed for 24 months in a specialized outpatient clinic. The primary endpoint was freedom from recurrent AF, atrial tachycardia, or flutter. The duration of CMR-guided procedures was shorter compared to the conventional group (161 ± 52 vs. 195 ± 72 min, respectively, P = 0.049), with no significant differences in fluoroscopy or total radiofrequency time. At the 2-year follow-up, more patients in the DE-CMR-guided group remained free from recurrences compared with the conventional group (70% vs. 39%, respectively, P = 0.007). In univariate Cox-regression analyses, AF pattern [persistent AF, hazard ratio (HR) 2.66 (1.27–5.46), P = 0.006] and the use of DE-CMR [HR 0.36 (0.17–0.79), P = 0.009] predicted recurrences during follow-up; both factors remained independent predictors in multivariate analyses.

Conclusion
The substrate characterization provided by DE-CMR facilitates the identification of anatomical veno-atrial gaps and associates with shorter procedures and better clinical outcomes in repeated AF ablation procedures.