bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Fatal Outcome in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units With Influenza, European Union 2009–2017
Authors: Adlhoch Cornelia , Gomes Dias Joana , Bonmarin Isabelle , Hubert Bruno , Larrauri Amparo , Oliva Domínguez Jesús A , Delgado-Sanz Concepción , Brytting Mia , Carnahan Annasara , Popovici Odette , Lupulescu Emilia , O’Donnell Joan , Domegan Lisa , Van Gageldonk-Lafeber Arianne B , Meijer Adam , Kynčl Jan , Slezák Pavel , Guiomar Raquel , Orta Gomes Carlos M , Popow-Kraupp Theresia , Mikas Ján , Staroňová Edita , Melillo Jackie M , Melillo Tanya , Ikonen Niina , Lyytikäinen Outi , Snacken René , Penttinen Pasi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Morbidity, severity, and mortality associated with annual influenza epidemics are of public health concern. We analyzed surveillance data on hospitalized laboratory-confirmed influenza cases admitted to intensive care units to identify common determinants for fatal outcome and inform and target public health prevention strategies, including risk communication.

Methods
We performed a descriptive analysis and used Poisson regression models with robust variance to estimate the association of age, sex, virus (sub)type, and underlying medical condition with fatal outcome using European Union data from 2009 to 2017.

Results
Of 13 368 cases included in the basic dataset, 2806 (21%) were fatal. Age ≥40 years and infection with influenza A virus were associated with fatal outcome. Of 5886 cases with known underlying medical conditions and virus A subtype included in a more detailed analysis, 1349 (23%) were fatal. Influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 or A(H3N2) infection, age ≥60 years, cancer, human immunodeficiency virus infection and/or other immune deficiency, and heart, kidney, and liver disease were associated with fatal outcome; the risk of death was lower for patients with chronic lung disease and for pregnant women.

Conclusions
This study re-emphasises the importance of preventing influenza in the elderly and tailoring strategies to risk groups with underlying medical conditions.
Rapid, Sample-to-Answer Host Gene Expression Test to Diagnose Viral Infection
Authors: Tsalik Ephraim L , Khine Ayeaye , Talebpour Abdossamad , Samiei Alaleh , Parmar Vilcy , Burke Thomas W , Mcclain Micah T , Ginsburg Geoffrey S , Woods Christopher W , Henao Ricardo , Alavie Tino 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
Distinguishing bacterial, viral, or other etiologies of acute illness is diagnostically challenging with significant implications for appropriate antimicrobial use. Host gene expression offers a promising approach, although no clinically useful test has been developed yet to accomplish this. Here, Qvella’s FAST HR (Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada) process was developed to quantify previously identified host gene expression signatures in whole blood in &lt;45 minutes.

Method
Whole blood was collected from 128 human subjects (mean age 47, range 18–88) with clinically adjudicated, microbiologically confirmed viral infection, bacterial infection, noninfectious illness, or healthy controls. Stabilized mRNA was released from cleaned and stabilized RNA-surfactant complexes using e-lysis, an electrical process providing a quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-ready sample. Threshold cycle values (CT) for 10 host response targets were normalized to hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 expression, a control mRNA. The transcripts in the signature were specifically chosen to discriminate viral from nonviral infection (bacterial, noninfectious illness, or healthy). Classification accuracy was determined using cross-validated sparse logistic regression.

Results
Reproducibility of mRNA quantification was within 1 cycle as compared to the difference seen between subjects with viral versus nonviral infection (up to 5.0 normalized CT difference). Classification of 128 subjects into viral or nonviral etiologies demonstrated 90.6% overall accuracy compared to 82.0% for procalcitonin (P = .06). FAST HR achieved rapid and accurate measurement of the host response to viral infection in less than 45 minutes.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate the ability to translate host gene expression signatures to clinical platforms for use in patients with suspected infection.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT00258869.
Magnetic Resonance-Based Radiomic Analysis of Radiofrequency Lesion Predicts Outcomes After Percutaneous Cordotomy: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Vedantam Aditya , Hassan Islam , Kotrotsou Aikaterini , Hassan Ahmed , Zinn Pascal O , Viswanathan Ashwin , Colen Rivka R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
To date, there is limited data on evaluation of the cordotomy lesion and predicting clinical outcome.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance (MR)-based radiomic analysis to quantify microstructural changes created by the cordotomy lesion and predict outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous cordotomy for medically refractory cancer pain.

METHODS
This is a retrospective interpretation of prospectively acquired data in 10 patients (5 males, age range 43-76 yr) who underwent percutaneous computed tomography-guided high cervical cordotomy for medically refractory cancer pain between 2015 and 2016. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cordotomy lesion on postoperative day 1. After segmentation of T2-weighted images, 310 radiomic features were extracted. Pain outcomes were recorded on postoperative day 1 and day 7 using the visual analog scale. R software was used to build statistical models based on MRI radiomic features for prediction of pain outcomes.

RESULTS
A total of 20 relevant radiomic features were identified using the maximum relevance minimum redundanc method. Radiomics predicted postoperative day 1 pain scores with an accuracy of 90% (P = .046), 100% sensitivity, 75% specificity, 85.7% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. The radiomics model also predicted if the postoperative day 1 pain score was sustained on postoperative day 7 with an accuracy of 100% (P = .028), 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 100% positive and negative predictive value.

CONCLUSION
MR-based radiomic analysis of the cordotomy lesion was predictive of pain outcomes at 1 wk after percutaneous cordotomy for intractable cancer pain.
The paradox of water pricing: dichotomies, dilemmas, and decisions
Authors: Grafton R Quentin , Chu Long , Wyrwoll Paul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We deliver a public policy perspective on the dichotomies, dilemmas, and decisions of water pricing. First, the dichotomies between price and value, and costs, are defined to explain the paradox of water pricing: the price of water almost never equals its value and rarely covers its cost. Second, the dilemmas of water pricing are highlighted across efficiency and equity, objectives for water pricing, and the instruments available to decision-makers. Third, the challenges of decision-making are evaluated and illustrated in relation to water pricing. Fourth, an adaptive process is provided that includes participatory assessment of risks and options to guide water-pricing decision-making.
A new off-point-less observing method for millimeter and submillimeter spectroscopy with a frequency-modulating local oscillator
Authors: Taniguchi Akio , Tamura Yoichi , Kohno Kotaro , Takahashi Shigeru , Horigome Osamu , Maekawa Jun , Sakai Takeshi , Kuno Nario , Minamidani Tetsuhiro 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We propose a new observing method for single-dish millimeter and submillimeter spectroscopy using a heterodyne receiver equipped with a frequency-modulating local oscillator (FMLO). Unlike conventional switching methods, which extract astronomical signals by subtracting the reference spectra of off-sources from those of on-sources, the FMLO method does not need to obtain any off-source spectra; rather, it estimates them from the on-source spectra themselves. The principle uses high-dump-rate (10 Hz) spectroscopy with radio frequency modulation achieved by fast sweeping of a local oscillator of a heterodyne receiver. Because sky emission (i.e., off-source) fluctuates as $1/f$ and is spectrally correlated, it can be estimated and subtracted from time series spectra (a timestream) by principal component analysis. Meanwhile, astronomical signals remain in the timestream since they are modulated to a higher time-frequency domain. The FMLO method therefore achieves (1) a remarkably high observation efficiency, (2) reduced spectral baseline wiggles, and (3) software-based sideband separation. We developed an FMLO system for the Nobeyama $45\:$m telescope and a data reduction procedure for it. Frequency modulation was realized by a tunable and programmable first local oscillator. With observations of Galactic sources, we demonstrate that the observation efficiency of the FMLO method is dramatically improved compared to conventional switching methods. Specifically, we find that the time to achieve the same noise level is reduced by a factor of 3.0 in single-pointed observations and by a factor of 1.2 in mapping observations. The FMLO method can be applied to observations of fainter ($\sim$mK) spectral lines and larger ($\sim$deg$^{2}$) mapping. It offers much more efficient and baseline-stable observations compared to conventional switching methods.
Dimethylacetamide-induced toxic hepatitis in spandex workers: clinical presentation and treatment outcomes
Authors: Wang J , Chen G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) exposure has been associated with toxic hepatitis, and no clinical treatment has been reported.

Aim
To investigate the clinical manifestations of DMAc-induced symptoms and how to rescue the functional loss due to occupational exposure.

Design
Clinical observations of 60 spandex factory workers with the exposure to DMAc from January, 2017–19.

Methods
Chinese drugs (reduced glutathione, polyene phosphatidylcholine, glycyrrhizin compound, Hugan tablets and ornithine aspartate) were used to evaluate the therapeutic improvements in DMAc-exposed patients.

Results
Our data found that 58.3% patients had no distinct clinical symptoms, but 41.7% patients felt fatigue, and 21.7% patients suffered abdominal discomfort and appetite loss, and 8.3% patients had yellow skin and sclera. The ultrasonic and CT imaging revealed that some patients have fatty livers, intrahepatic calcifications, hepatomegaly, gallbladder wall edema and abdominal effusions. Biochemical analysis showed that the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P &lt; 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P &lt; 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P &lt; 0.001) and bilirubin (P &lt; 0.01) statistically decreased after the drug treatment, but alkaline phosphatase (P &gt;0.05) and glutamyl transpeptidase (P&gt; 0.05) did not decrease. Twenty-nine out of the thirty-one patients’ abnormal blood ammonia recovered. The risk factor of ALT on hospitalization time was significantly related (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
The drugs above are sufficient to rescue functional loss in DMAc-induced toxic hepatitis, in part via the regulations of ALT, AST, LDH, bilirubin and ammonia. Workers with the exposure to DMAc should receive specific drugs to maintain the health and prevent functional loss in the long term.
Health-care professionals’ perceptions of interacting with patients of South Asian origin attending early inflammatory arthritis clinics
Authors: Kumar Kanta , Stack Rebecca J , Adebajo Ade , Adams Jo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
The aim was to explore the perceptions of rheumatology health-care professionals (HCPs) of interacting with patients of South Asian origin attending early inflammatory arthritis clinics.

Methods
We used face-to-face semi-structured interviews, designed in partnership with a clinician partner, to interview 10 HCPs involved in the running of early inflammatory arthritis clinics across seven centres in the UK. Data were recorded, transcribed by an independent company and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results
Three emerging themes were identified that characterized consulting experiences of HCPs: varied approaches were used in early inflammatory arthritis clinic; the challenges for rheumatology HCPs in managing and delivering information to patients of South Asian origin in early inflammatory arthritis clinics; and moving towards good practice, the views on managing future patients of South Asian origin in early inflammatory arthritis clinics. Overall, HCPs found that they required additional skills to support the engagement and management for patients of South Asian origin living with inflammatory arthritis. The HCPs felt that they were less effective in addressing self-management issues for this patient group, and they found it difficult to determine adherence to medication. In such consultations, HCPs perceived that their own limitation of inadequate training contributed towards poor consultations.

Conclusion
For the first time, our data demonstrate that the management of patients of South Asian origin in early inflammatory arthritis clinics is under-served. To address this, HCPs have identified training needs to improve knowledge and skills in engaging with and supporting patients of South Asian origin. These findings provide a good direction for future research.
Effect of magnesium ions/Type I collagen promote the biological behavior of osteoblasts and its mechanism
Authors: Nie Xiaojing , Sun Xirao , Wang Chengyue , Yang Jingxin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Type I collagen (Col I) is a main component of extracellular matrix (ECM). Its safety, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity and pyrogen immunogenicity make it suitable for tissues engineering applications. Mg2+ also control a myriad of cellular processes, including the bone development by enhancing the attachment and differentiation of osteoblasts and accelerating mineralization to enhance bone healing. In our studies, Mg2+ bind collagen to promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts through the expression of integrins and downstream signaling pathways. In order to clarify the biological behavior effect of 10 mM Mg2+/Col I coating, we performed 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), Alizarin red staining and Rhodamine B-isothiocyanate (RITC)-labeled phalloidin experiments and found that 10 mM Mg2+ group, Col I-coating group, 10 mM Mg2+/Col I-coating group, respectively, promoted the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, especially 10 mM Mg2+/Col I-coating group. We detected the mRNA expression of osteogenic-related genes (Runx2, ALP and OCN, OPN and BMP-2) and the protein expression of signaling pathway (integrin α2, integrin β1, FAK and ERK1/2), these results indicated that 10 mM Mg2+/Col I coating play an critical role in up-regulating the MC3T3-E1 cells activity. The potential mechanisms of this specific performance may be through activating via integrin α2β1-FAK-ERK1/2 protein-coupled receptor pathway.
Resveratrol-loaded peptide-hydrogels inhibit scar formation in wound healing through suppressing inflammation
Authors: Zhao Chen-Chen , Zhu Lian , Wu Zheng , Yang Rui , Xu Na , Liang Liang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Scar formation seriously affects the repair of damaged skin especially in adults and the excessive inflammation has been considered as the reason. The self-assembled peptide-hydrogels are ideal biomaterials for skin wound healing due to their similar nanostructure to natural extracellular matrix, hydration environment and serving as drug delivery systems. In our study, resveratrol, a polyphenol compound with anti-inflammatory effect, is loaded into peptide-hydrogel (Fmoc-FFGGRGD) to form a wound dressing (Pep/RES). Resveratrol is slowly released from the hydrogel in situ, and the release amount is controlled by the loading amount. The in vitro cell experiments demonstrate that the Pep/RES has no cytotoxicity and can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines of macrophages. The Pep/RES hydrogels are used as wound dressings in rat skin damage model. The results suggest that the Pep/RES dressing can accelerate wound healing rate, exhibit well-organized collagen deposition, reduce inflammation and eventually prevent scar formation. The Pep/RES hydrogels supply a potential product to develop new skin wound dressings for the therapy of skin damage.
Dividend Payouts and Rollover Crises
Authors: Juelsrud Ragnar E , Nenov Plamen T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We study dividend payouts when banks face coordination-based rollover crises. Banks in the model can use dividends to both risk shift and signal their available liquidity to short-term lenders, thus, influencing the lenders’ actions. In the unique equilibrium both channels induce banks to pay higher dividends than in the absence of a rollover crisis. In our model banks exert an informational externality on other banks via the inferences and actions of lenders. Optimal dividend regulation that corrects this externality and promote financial stability includes a binding cap on dividends. We also discuss testable implications of our theory.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online
Should I Stay or Should I Grow? Using Voluntary Disclosure to Elicit Market Feedback
Authors: Jayaraman Sudarshan , Shuang Wu Joanna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We explore the use of voluntary disclosure by managers to solicit market feedback. Using managerial capital expenditure forecasts, we find that managers adjust annual capital expenditures upward (downward) in response to positive (negative) stock market reactions to capital expenditure forecasts, but only for those forecast announcements that stimulate rather than discourage informed trading. These capex adjustments motivated by market feedback correlate with higher future performance and are stronger (weaker) when outsiders (managers) are more informed. Finally, we show that managers are more likely to issue and learn from capex forecasts when predisclosure stock prices are affected by transitory nonfundamental shocks.
Lung ultrasound B-lines and serum KL-6 correlate with the severity of idiopathic inflammatory myositis-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Wang Yukai , Chen Shaoqi , Lin Jianqun , Xie Xuezhen , Hu Shijian , Lin Qisheng , Zheng Kedi , Du Guangzhou , Huang Xiufeng , Zhang Guohong , Gargani Luna , Matucci-Cerinic Marco , Furst Daniel E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
Idiopathic inflammatory myositis-associated interstitial lung disease (IIM-ILD) significantly increases morbidity and mortality. Lung ultrasound B-lines and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) are identified as new sonographic and serum markers of ILD, respectively. The aim of our work was to assess the role of B-lines and KL-6 as markers of the severity of IIM-ILD. For this purpose, the correlation among B-lines score, serum KL-6 levels, high-resolution CT (HRCT) score, and pulmonary function tests were investigated in IIM-ILD patients.

Methods
Thirty-eight patients with IIM-ILD underwent chest HRCT scans, lung ultrasound and pulmonary function tests (independently performed within 1 week) examination. To assess severity and extent of ILD at HRCT, the Warrick score was used. The B-lines score denoting the extension of ILD was calculated by summing the number of B-lines on a total of 50 scanning sites. Serum KL-6 levels (U/ml) was measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay.

Results
A significant correlation was found between the B-lines score and serum KL-6 levels (r = 0.43, P &lt; 0.01), and between the Warrick score and serum KL-6 levels (r = 0.45, P &lt; 0.01). A positive correlation between B-lines score and the Warrick score (r = 0.87, P &lt; 0.0001) was also confirmed. Both B-lines score and KL-6 levels inversely correlated to diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (r = −0.77, P &lt; 0.0001 and r = −0.42, P &lt; 0.05, respectively) and total lung capacity (r = −0.73, P &lt; 0.0001 and r = −0.36, P &lt; 0.05, respectively). Moreover, B-lines correlated inversely with forced vital capacity (r = −0.73, P &lt; 0.0001), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (r = −0.69, P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
B-lines score and serum KL-6 levels correlate with HRCT findings and pulmonary function tests, supporting their use as measures of IIM-ILD severity.
Contemplative Practices for Self-Care in the Social Work Classroom
Authors: Warren Sherry , Chappell Deckert Jennifer 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Social work educators prepare students for the demands of the profession by teaching them the skills, knowledge, and values graduates will use in their work with various clients within the context of varied practice settings. It is crucial that we pair these educational objectives with techniques to take care of themselves as they experience the emotional, psychological, and physically taxing work of being with people whose life circumstances carry trauma, grief, and stress. This article illustrates how contemplative practices in the social work classroom can facilitate self-care during and after the intensity of formal education and better prepare students for wellness in professional settings after they graduate. Specific examples of three contemplative practices used in the authors’ classrooms are provided as is an illustration of student reactions to these practices. Precautions and safety considerations associated with intense personal reflection are referenced and resources for instructors and practitioners are cited.
Sustained virologic response and changes in liver fibrosis parameters following 12-wk administration of generic sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with HCV genotype 4 infection
Authors: Cordie Ahmed , Elsharkawy Aisha , Abdel Alem Shereen , Meshaal Safa , El Akel Wafaa , Abdellatif Zeinab , Kamal Walid , Al Askalany Mahmoud , Kamel Sherif , Abdel Aziz Hossam , Kandeel Amr , Esmat Gamal 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Novel direct-acting antiviral agents have shown great efficacy and tolerability in HCV-monoinfected patients. However, data are lacking regarding their efficacy and safety in HIV/HCV-genotype (GT) 4-coinfected patients.

Methods
A single-centre, prospective study including HIV/HCV-GT 4-coinfected patients who were treated with sofosbuvir and daclatasvir (SOF/DCV) was conducted for 12 wk. Sustained virological response (SVR) at week 12 post-treatment (SVR12), adverse events (AEs) and changes in liver stiffness measurement (LSM) at SVR12 in comparison with baseline were evaluated.

Results
SVR12 was achieved in 46 of 50 patients (92%). No significant difference in SVR12 was noticed among patients who received antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens compared with those who did not receive ART regimens or between those with insignificant fibrosis (&lt;F2) and those with significant fibrosis (≥F2) (p=0.9 and p=0.3, respectively). AEs occurred in 45 (90%) patients. The most frequent AEs were fatigue, headache and nausea. No treatment-related serious AEs or deaths were reported. HIV control was not compromised. LSM, fibrosis 4 score and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index showed a significant decrease at SVR12 when compared with baseline (p=0.0004, p=0.0003 and p&lt;0.0001, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed no association between baseline variables and SVR12 while significant fibrosis (≥F2) was the only baseline variable that was significantly associated with improvement of LSM at SVR12.

Conclusion
SOF/DCV achieved a high SVR12 and was well-tolerated in HIV/HCV-GT 4-coinfected patients.