bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Superconducting Qubits and Superconducting Digital Electronic Circuits on 300mm Wafers
Authors: Papa Rao Satyavolu S. , Hobbs Christopher , Olson Stephen , Forouzani Neda , Chong Hyuncher , Stamper Harlan , Martinick Brian , Ashworth Dominic , Kaushik Vidya , Dunn Kathleen A , Beckmann Karsten , Nalaskowski Jakub , Bennett Stephen , Rodgers Martin , Murray Thomas , Novak Steven , Baker-O'Neal Brett , Borst Christopher , Osborn Kevin , Liehr Michael 
Published: February 2020

Superconducting qubits have made great strides over the past decade, as evidenced by the announcement of 17-qubit and 50-qubit chips towards the end of 2017. The promise of quantum computing for solving problems of interest to society (such as complex drug design, and cryptography for national security, etc.) can be significantly advanced by the fabrication of qubits with high performance characteristics that faithfully replicate the designer's intent. Additionally, energy-efficient ways with low latency to control qubits at millikelvin temperatures are being researched. Superconducting digital electronics are one such approach, which can be 3D-integrated with qubits, with appropriate care taken to avoid quasi-particle poisoning of qubits.
In this presentation, the potential advantages and challenges of qubit and superconducting electronics fabrication using advanced 300mm wafer processes will be discussed, followed by a review of millikelvin characterization results from qubits fabricated using 193nm lithographic techniques on 300mm wafers. The selection of materials, and formation of high quality interfaces during the fabrication of superconducting structures will be discussed, along with high resolution transmission electron microscopy and other analyses that guide such process development – these serve to illustrate the potential for achieving further increases in coherence time and qubit frequency control through the use of advanced 300mm fabrication and characterization techniques.
The development of ‘manufacturing-friendly’ qubit architectures is essential to enable the creation of well-controlled qubits, as would be required to tackle practical computational problems of interest. Some of the approaches to ‘manufacturing-friendly’ qubit fabrication under consideration at SUNY Poly will be discussed, along with their 3D integration with control circuits and readout mechanisms.
Ultraviolet Sensor Performance of Nanostructured LaCoO3 Prepared By Solution-Polymerization Method
Authors: Michel Carlos R , Lopez-Alvarez Miguel Angel , Martinez Alma H , Rodriguez Garcia Carlos Alberto 
Published: February 2020

LaCoO3 has been extensively studied for their outstanding physical and chemical properties, which have applications in fields like heterogeneous catalysis, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC’s), gas permeation membranes and gas sensors, to name a few [1,2]. LaCoO3 is a p-type semiconductor material, possessing the perovskite-type structure and has a band gap of 2.2 eV [3]. In this work, the detection of ultraviolet light (UV), as well as other light sources of different wave lengths (λ), was investigated for this oxide. For this purpose, polycrystalline LaCoO3 was synthesized by the solution-polymerization method, using an aqueous solution containing La and Co nitrates and polyvinyl alcohol. The identification of single-phase LaCoO3 was made by X-ray powder diffraction on samples calcined at 700ºC, in air. The surface microstructure was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, showing abundant porous sheets formed by networks of interconnected nanoparticles. Images obtained by transmission electron microscopy indicate that LaCoO3 crystallites have an average size of 50 nm. Measurements for detecting UV and light in the visible region were done at room temperature, using light emitting diodes (LEDs) of different λ and optical irradiances (Ee). The latter were done on LaCoO3 thick films prepared by depositing a suspension of the as-prepared powder on alumina substrates, with silver wires as electrodes. A typical graph showing the variation of the electrical resistance (R) with time, caused by the exposure of LaCoO3 to UV radiation (λ = 365 nm, Ee = 217 mW/cm2) and darkness, can be observed in Fig. 1. The results show a uniform response pattern, characterized by a decrease of resistance under UV light. The quantitative detection of UV radiation was also evaluated by varying the optical irradiance from 22 to 217 mW/cm2. The results indicate a non linear relationship between R and Ee, tending to a constant value while increasing Ee. I–V curves were also performed on LaCoO3 films confirming the latter results. For other light sources such as blue (λ = 449 nm), red (642 nm) and infrared (843 nm) reliable responses were also observed, noting that the change of R decreased by increasing λ. The results indicate that nanostructured LaCoO3 can be used as a wearable detector for UV radiation and a as sensitive material for photocells, among others. Even though this work was focused on UV detection, a good performance using light of larger λ was observed.
References
[1] Y. Wang, J. Ren, Y. Wang, F. Zhang, X. Liu, Y. Guo, G. Lu J. Phys. Chem. C 112 (2008) 15293.
[2] M. Ghasdi, H. Alamdari, Sens. Actuat. B 148 (2010) 478.
[3] S. Mukhopadhyay, M.W. Finnis, N.M. Harrison, Phys. Rev. B 87 (2013) 125132.

Figure 1
Light-Bias Duel Modulation on Spin-Coated Zinc-Tin Oxide (ZTO) Thin Film Transistor
Authors: Chen Jen-Sue 
Published: February 2020

Zinc tin oxide (ZTO) is a transparent semiconductor based on earth-abundant elements. In this work, ZTO films prepared by spin coating via a solution route have been applied as the active semiconductor layer in a thin film transistor (TFT) with SiO2 dielectrics and Si gate. With thickness less than 10 nm, the ZTO film exhibits a good field-effect mobility of ~10 cm2/Vs, small subthreshold slope of ~0.5 V/decade and high on/off current ratio of ~107.
Under light illumination of 405 nm wavelength (below ZTO bandgap), the photoresponse of ZTO TFT is related to the ionization of neutral oxygen vacancies to positively-charged oxygen vacancies, which simultaneously produce photogenerated electron carriers. With power density upto 1 mW/cm2, the light sensitivity is in the order of 105~106 for the ID-off region. The light responsibility of ZTO TFT reaches around 740 A/W. Additionally, the characteristics of 405nm light-gated ZTO TFT under different gate biases are investigated. The ionized oxygen vacancies generated by light illumination provide a positive electric field. As a result, it is possible to control the transistor with the incident optical power density instead of gate voltage. The drain current versus power density (ID-P) curve showed on/off switching behavior. Besides, the ID-VD curves of light-gated ZTO TFTs are similar to electricity-gated ones where ID increases linearly with increasing VD first and gets saturated after a certain VD value.
(Invited) A Nature-Inspired Porous Electrode for Flexible, Stretchable Supercapacitors and Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Mengyao , Lin Yan-Cheng , Shih Chien-Chung , Lee Wen-Ya , Chueh Chu-Chen , Chen Wen-Chang 
Published: February 2020

Stretchable apparatus have drawn increasing attention nowadays, especially in the applications of sensors, monitors, and optoelectronic devices.1-3 Thus far, the development of stretchable Li-ion battery is impeded by the lack of flexible electrodes associated with proper interconnecting structures for high utilization of active materials.4 As inspired by nature, a common biomaterial, shrimp shells (SSs)5, attracted our attention for fabricating an efficient, stretchable Li-ion batteries as considering its advantages, including i) the C-O, C-N and N-H stretches contained in the protein and chitin (poly-b(1/4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) are beneficial for excellent electrochemical performance; ii) the constituent inorganic calcium carbonate acts as an in-situ template for the porous configuration (Fig. a); iii) The as-designed substrate could not only possess continuous electric conductivity when stretching but also accommodate a high active material loading.
In this work, we successfully demonstrated a flexible, stretchable supercapacitor by using a hybrid electrode, wherein the as-prepared SSs carbon is interpenetrated into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-supported substrate. In this regard, the open network of pores was filled by the SSs carbon to provide high conductivity and stretchability. Besides, SWCNT was further sprayed onto this porous substrate to form a 3D interconnected porous structure as shown in Fig. b. Finally, by using a bifunctional polymeric electrolyte (BMITFSI-P(EO)20-LiTFSI, serving as separator and solid electrolyte with a high ionic conductivity of 1.6×10-4 S cm-1 to assemble the battery, the as-fabricated stretchable porous electrode can deliver a high energy density of 44.1 Wh kg-1 under 20% applied tensile strain. In addition, the capacitance retention shows 90% after bending from 0o to 180o. This study would pay the way for the future development of wearable supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries and beyond.

W. Liu, M. S. Song, B. Kong and Y. Cui, Advanced Materials, 2016.

D. J. Lipomi, M. Vosgueritchian, B. C. K. Tee, S. L. Hellstrom, J. A. Lee, C. H. Fox and Z. Bao, Nat Nano, 2011, 6, 788-792.

Y. Huang, M. Zhong, F. Shi, X. Liu, Z. Tang, Y. Wang, Y. Huang, H. Hou, X. Xie and C. Zhi, Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2017, 56, 9141.

W. Liu, Z. Chen, G. Zhou, Y. Sun, H. R. Lee, C. Liu, H. Yao, Z. Bao and Y. Cui, Advanced Materials, 2016, 28, 3578-3583.

N. Yan and X. Chen, Nature, 2015, 524, 155-158.

Figure 1
Designing Carbon-Based Materials for Effective Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Authors: Siahrostami Samira , Jiang Kun , Kirk Charlotte S , Karamad Mohammadreza , Chan Karen , Wang Haotian , Nørskov Jens 
Published: February 2020

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) using renewable electricity has emerged as an attractive approach to synthesize hydrocarbons and mitigate atmospheric CO2 concentration. Carbon-based materials have recently attracted a particular attention as electrocatalysts for CO2RR due to their extraordinary properties such as low cost and flexibility in tuning the morphology and electronic structure. Wide range of different N-doped carbon materials have been experimentally tested and reported for CO2RR. The performance map for CO2RR over reported N-doped carbon-based materials presents diverse activities and in most cases the major product of the CO2 reduction is found to be CO. Based on a simple thermochemical analysis Wu et al previously suggested pyridinic-N as the active sites.1 Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations we study a wide range of different possible active motifs included in the defective carbon materials to rationalize the associated trends in their intrinsic activities. We study both CO2RR and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) using thermochemical analysis. We identify several active motifs that are expected to exhibit a comparable or even better activity to the state-of-the-art gold catalyst, and several configurations are suggested to be selective for CO2RR over HER. This study provides insights in the nature of active and selective motifs for CO2RR and rationalizes a number of reports in the literature.2 We also show that in the presence of metal impurities further reduced products can be synthesized with significantly improved activity and selectivity.

References:

(1) Wu, J.; Yadav, R. M.; Liu, M.; Sharma, P. P.; Tiwary, C. S.; Ma, L.; Zou, X.; Zhou, X.-D.; Yakobson, B. I.; Lou, J.; Ajayan, P. M. ACS Nano
2015, 9 (5), 5364–5371.
(2) Siahrostami, S.; Jiang, K.; Karamad, M.; Chan, K.; Wang, H.; Nørskov, J. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng.
2017, acssuschemeng.7b03031.
(3) Jiang, K.; Siahrostami, S.; Li, Y.; Lu, Z.; Gardener, J.; Lattimer, J; Stokes, C.; Hill, W.; Bell, D.; Chan, K.; Nørskov, J.K.; Yi Cui, Y.; Wang, H. Chem
2017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2017.09.014.
(Invited) An Overview of H2@Scale and Water Splitting Protocol Development
Authors: Holladay Jamelyn , Pivovar Bryan S , Ayers Katherine E , Marina Olga A , Stechel Ellen B , Xiang Chengxiang("CX") 
Published: February 2020

Supplying all of society’s growing energy demands is hard and has been limited to date to the fossil fuel based energy system in place since the start of the industrial age. Hydrogen, as a flexible, clean energy carrying intermediate, has the potential to be a centerpiece of a future energy system where aggressive market penetration of renewables (wind and solar) are coupled with traditional and renewable hydrogen production to increase the U.S. energy security and energy dominance, improve grid resiliency, and meet society’s demands for low cost energy.
A number of key recent changes are bringing hydrogen back into the spotlight: 1) Hydrogen is available from a wide variety of sources ranging from methane reforming to renewable powered water splitting increasing energy security. 2) Renewable energy is getting cheaper, and penetration levels are increasing at an exponential pace. Hydrogen production from curtailed renewables will be low cost and improve grid resiliency; 3) hydrogen uses in industry is increasing; and 4) commercial viability of fuel cell vehicle and other fuel cell technologies has been demonstrated (commercial vehicles being sold). Hydrogen, as an area of R&D interest (from either the federal or private sectors) has had its ups and downs over the past few decades. Hydrogen has suffered at times from being over-hyped or misunderstood. Claims of fuel cell commercialization, in particular, were in the past (early 2000’s) overly optimistic. The safety concerns of hydrogen have also often been poorly understood or overblown. These situations have arisen, in part, due to a lack of appreciation for the science and data of hydrogen and hydrogen systems. Finally, there is substantial efforts for production of hydrogen via water splitting process including: electrolysis, photoelectrochemical, and thermochemical cycles. To accelerate the development of these technologies there is a need for standardized protocols for material and component testing.
This presentation will focus on the role of hydrogen at (grid-)scale and the efforts of a large team assembled to evaluate the potential of hydrogen to play a critical role in our energy future. Facts about hydrogen will be shared, as will the vision of how it will fit into our future energy system. Finally, the presentation will discuss a newly initiated effort for the development of standard test protocols for water splitting using high and low temperature electrolysis, photoelectrochemical, and thermochemical cycles.
Highly Efficient Vitamin-B12 Pyrolyzed N-Co-C Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Sabhapathy Palani , Chen Wei-Fu , Shown Indrajit , Chou Tsu-Chin , Chen Kuei-Hsien , Chen Li-Chyong 
Published: February 2020

Water splitting by electrocatalysis into hydrogen via the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) offers a promising solution for green renewable energy generation1. In past several years, Pt and Pt based nanomaterials are the mostly served as an efficient electrocatalyst for HER; however, due to high-cost and low abundancy of Pt limits its vast utility for the commercial HER application. Therefore, it's highly needed to develop nonprecious metal based electrocatalyst for HER towards cost effective commercial application2. Over the past decades, tremendous efforts have been made for replacing the Pt based electrocatalysts for HER. Recent advances in carbon nanomaterials (RGO, CNT, etc.,) have shown their promising future in energy-related electrocatalytic reactions, such as ORR, OER, and HER. After heteroatom (such as N, B, P, and S) doping, the enhanced catalysis activity of carbon nanomaterials has been widely illustrated for ORR. Among all the reported electrocatalysts, the co-doping of trace transition metals on heteroatoms doped carbon materials leads to form metal complexes (Ex. Co-Nx), showing promising HER activity in the aqueous electrolyte. In addition, the reported density functional theory (DFT) simulation shows that when combining both coordinations into one complex, the optimized charge distribution results in an ideal value of ΔGH in Metal-Carbon-Nitrogen (M-C-N) hybrid system and which is much better than the single or mixture system of M-C and M-N3.
In this presentation, we will demonstrate a new HER electrocatalyst based on N-Co-C system. The N-Co-C catalysts are prepared by a one-step pyrolysis process at the high temperature in which vitamin-B12 used as a metal precursor together with reduced graphene oxide (RGO). We observed that the electrocatalytic activities of N-Co-C catalysts are strongly related with the pyrolysis temperature and metal loading. The N-Co-C catalyst pyrolyzed at 800oC showed the highest HER activity with lowest overpotential of 110 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. It shows the optimum Tafel slope of 65 mV decade-1 and excellent stability over 20 h in acidic condition. The as synthesized catalyst was characterized by XRD, XPS and XAS. The results indicate that Co-corrin complexes (Vitamin B12) together with RGO have been decomposed at the high temperature to form N-Co-C structure. This conjugation induces that, downshift of the d-band center of cobalt, and thereby decreases its hydrogen binding energy. This, in turn, favors the electrochemical desorption of Hads and leads to a relatively moderate Co−H binding strength, resulting in the enhancement of the hydrogen evolution reaction. The comparison of HER activity and stability of N-Co-C electrocatalyst in alkaline electrolytes will be discussed at the meeting.
Highly Active and Durable Ir Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction for Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis
Authors: Xu Hui , Yan Litao , Zhao Shuai , More Karren L. , Stone Robert 
Published: February 2020

In the proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis, iridium (Ir) or iridium oxide (IrOx) black is the primary catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (OER) at the anode. Changing Ir black to Ir nanoparticles (3-4 nm) could significantly increase the catalyst activity of the OER and thus lowering the Ir loading. Under harsh PEM water electrolysis operating conditions, it is challenging to find electrically conductive and electrochemically stable supports to deposit Ir or IrOx nanoparticles The high operating potential, oxidation atmosphere and strong acid conditions has limited the application of carbon black, a most common support used in PEM fuel cells. In this work, iridium nanoparticles with a conductive chain was formed and deposited on high surface area tungsten doped TiO2 support (Ti1-xWxO2), named as Ir/Ti1-xWxO2. The continuous conductive chain could be formed by manipulating the catalyst synthesis conditions. To demonstrate the significance of the conductive chain in the electrochemical test, the Ir/Ti1-xWxO2 catalyst modified with an additional layer of IrO2, named as Ir/IrO2/Ti1-xWxO2, was prepared. Partial amount of iridium nanoparticles without conductive chain was oxidized to iridium oxide, and subsequently, another layer of iridium nanoparticles was deposited on the IrO2/Ti1-xWxO2 support to form an iridium/iridium oxide conductive chain. The electrochemical tests demonstrated that these two categories of catalysts with conductive chain exhibited high initial performance and durability for OER in PEM electrolyzers.
The synthesized catalyst Ir/ WxTi1-xO2 demonstrated 5-time higher mass activity than industrial standard Ir black baseline, from rotating-disk electrodes (RDE) studies. While being tested in real water electrolyzers, the synthesized catalyst enabled to lower the Ir loading by an order of magnitude while retaining a similar electrolzyer performance of the baseline Ir black catalyst. The Ir/WxTi1-xO2 catalyst also demonstrated remarkable stability as only small voltage (<20 mV) increase was observed in a 3000-hour durability at a constant current density of 2000 mA/cm2.
(Invited) Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to High Performance, Robust HER and Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Based Water Electrolysis
Authors: Kumta Prashant N 
Published: February 2020

Water electrolysis is a well-known approach for the generation of clean and sustainable hydrogen via acid, alkaline and neutral mediated systems. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) based acid mediated water electrolysis is considered highly advantageous and one of the most reliable technologies for hydrogen generation and oxygen evolution among all other conventional hydrogen production approaches. However, the systems have yet to reach commercialization levels due to the use of highly expensive precious metal or platinum group metal (PGM) based electro-catalysts such as Pt, RuO2, and IrO2, all well-known for their excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions.
There is a considerable need for the identification of non-noble metal based electrocatalysts for acid mediated water electrolysis. Over the years, we have focused our efforts at generation of novel transition metal based oxide solid solutions containing reduced amounts of noble metal oxide species. First principles density functional theoretical (DFT) based calculations largely aided by the use of the Vienna ab-initio simulation package (VASP) have been utilized to identify these novel solid solutions largely mimicking the electronic structure of the noble metal electrocatalyst systems. These theoretical calculations formed the basis for the identification of various reduced noble metal oxide containing solid solutions. These initial studies and theoretical understanding of the reaction mechanisms formed the basis for eventually identifying completely non-noble metal containing compositions. All of these systems display electrochemical activity comparable or even superior to the noble metal counterparts. Chronoamperometry studies in fact, indicate the systems to show even more robust electrocatalytic performance under primarily acid mediated conditions while being equally effective under basic and neutral pH conditions as well.
This presentation will outline and summarize the collective efforts undertaken by my group over the years to identify low noble metal containing electrocatalysts as well as our recent findings of a completely non-noble metal based ternary transition metal oxide solid solution containing electronegative anion such as fluorine and its promising electrocatalytic response for water electrolysis and oxygen evolution reactions. Results of the studies conducted over the years will be presented while outlining future plans and strategies for the identification of such non-noble metal and non PGM based electrocatalysts for acid mediated water electrolysis.