bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Multiaxial Stress Relaxation on Component Creep Damage Accumulation
Authors: Matev Nayden , Ainsworth Robert A. , Su Meini , Stevens Mark , Jappy Alan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Unless inelastic analysis is used, high temperature codes base creep relaxation on the start-of-dwell equivalent stress, which relaxes according to a uniaxial creep law. Elastic follow-up is also included. This approach only evaluates equivalent stress and creep strain rate and the multiaxial stress state is assumed to remain at its initial value as the stress relaxes. Codes suggest that the stress drop is limited to a fraction (typically 20%) of the initial equivalent stress to ensure this assumption does not introduce significant inaccuracies. This article provides a numerical examination of creep relaxation of a cruciform plate subjected to displacement-controlled biaxial loading, with the aim to provide clarification of any required constraint on stress drop. The initial biaxial stress ratio, the plate geometry and the power in a power–law creep model are varied, leading to variations in the elastic follow-up describing the creep relaxation. The biaxial stress ratio is generally found to change with relaxation and a multiaxial ductility approach is used to evaluate the associated creep damage accumulation. This is compared with the damage estimated assuming relaxation is controlled by the equivalent stress with no change in multiaxial stress state. For biaxial plane stress with one principal stress initially being compressive and one tensile, it is found that significant equivalent stress drops (about 40% of the initial stress) can be allowed without the simplified equivalent stress approach becoming inaccurate. More care is required for tensile–tensile stress biaxiality where multiaxial stress changes depend on the initial stress biaxiality and the degree of elastic follow-up. The results will be used to propose improved guidance for simplified inelastic calculations.
A Mathematical Model to Describe the Inner Contour of Moineau Stators
Authors: Oezkaya Ekrem , Fuss Moritz , Biermann Dirk 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bore holes with a large length to diameter ratio of up to l/d = 100 are typically produced using the single-tube deep hole drilling method also named BTA (Boring and Trepanning Association) deep hole drilling method. However, there are various technical applications requiring deep, complex, epitrochoid-similar and helical inner contours, such as stators used in Moineau motors and pumps. According to the current state of the art, epitrochoid-similar contours for small diameters with large drilling depths can only be produced using a special machining process which is referred to a chamber-boring process. In this paper, a developed mathematical model will be presented that describes the epitrochoid-similar contour exactly. This allows the determination of the position-dependent speed and acceleration of the tool, which are necessary for designing the joints and components of the tool system. In addition, this mathematical model can be used for a subsequent Laplace-transformation, so that could be used for a further optimization of the process dynamic in the future.
Assessment of a Novel Position Verification Sensor to Identify and Isolate Robot Workcell Health Degradation
Authors: Weiss Brian A. , Kaplan Jared 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Manufacturing processes have become increasingly sophisticated leading to greater usage of robotics. Sustaining successful manufacturing robotic operations requires a strategic maintenance program. Without careful planning, maintenance can be very costly. To reduce maintenance costs, manufacturers are exploring how they can assess the health of their robot workcell operations to enhance their maintenance strategies. Effective health assessment relies upon capturing appropriate data and generating intelligence from the workcell. Multiple data streams relevant to a robot workcell may be available including robot controller data, a supervisory programmable logic controller data, maintenance logs, process and part quality data, and equipment and process fault and failure data. These data streams can be extremely informative, yet the massive volume and complexity of this data can be overwhelming, confusing, and sometimes paralyzing. Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology have developed a test method and companion sensor to assess the health of robot workcells which will yield an additional and unique data stream. The intent is that this data stream can either serve as a surrogate for larger data volumes to reduce the data collection and analysis burden on the manufacturer, or add more intelligence to assessing robot workcell health. This article presents the most recent effort focused on verifying the companion sensor. Results of the verification test process are discussed along with preliminary results of the sensor’s performance during verification testing. Lessons learned indicate that the test process can be an effective means of quantifying the sensor’s measurement capability particularly after test process anomalies are addressed in future efforts.
The Inclusion of End-of-Life Modeling in the Life Cycle Energy Optimization Methodology
Authors: Bouchouireb Hamza , Jank Merle-Hendrikje , O’Reilly Ciarán J. , Göransson Peter , Schöggl Josef-Peter , Baumgartner Rupert J. , Potting José 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this study, an end-of-life (EOL) model is included in the life cycle energy optimization (LCEO) methodology to account for the energy burdens and credits stemming from a vehicle’s EOL processing phase and balance them against the vehicle’s functional requirements and production and use-phase energies. The substitution with a correction factor allocation method is used to model the contribution of recycling to the EOL phase’s energy. The methodology is illustrated through the optimization of the design of a simplified vehicle subsystem. For the latter, multiple recycling scenarios with varying levels of assumed recycling induced material property degradation were built, and their impact on the vehicle subsystem’s optimal solutions was compared to that of scenarios based on landfilling and incineration with energy recovery. The results show that the vehicle subsystem’s optimal designs are significantly dependent on the EOL scenario considered. In particular, the optimal designs associated with the recycling scenarios are on average substantially heavier, and less life cycle energy demanding, than their landfilling or incineration with energy recovery-related counterparts, thus demonstrating how the inclusion of EOL modeling in the LCEO methodology can significantly alter material use patterns, thereby effecting the very mechanisms enabling the embodiment of the resulting life cycle energy optimal designs.
Development and validation of a simple and robust model to predict 30-day mortality in patients withClostridioides difficile-associated enterocolitis
Authors: Katzer Katrin Claudia , Hagel Stefan , Reuken Philipp Alexander , Bruns Tony , Stallmach Andreas 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveClostridioides difficileinfection (CDI) is a common healthcare-associated infection and associated with high morbidity and mortality. As current guidelines recommend treatment stratified for disease severity, this study aimed to identify predictors of 30-day mortality in order to develop a robust prediction model.DesignThis was a retrospective analysis of 207 inpatients with CDI who were treated at the Jena University Hospital between September 2011 and December 2015. In a training cohort (n=127), predictors of 30-day mortality were identified by receiver operating characteristics analysis and logistic regression. The derived model was validated in an independent cohort of 80 inpatients with CDI.ResultsWithin 30 days, 35 (28%) patients in the training cohort died from any cause. C-reactive protein (CRP) of ≥121 mg/L (OR 3.80; 95% CI 1.64 to 7.80; p=0.003) and lower systolic blood pressure of ≤104 mm Hg (OR 3.73; 95% CI 1.63 to 8.53; p=0.002) at diagnosis as well as development of renal impairment (serum creatinine >1.5×baseline; OR 5.61; 95% CI 1.94 to 16.26; p=0.035) within the first 6 days were associated with 30-day mortality in univariate analysis. The use of these parameters enabled correct mortality prediction in 73% of cases on the day of diagnosis and in 76% at day 6. In the validation cohort, 30-day mortality was 18/80 (23%). Our model enabled a 73.7% correct prediction concerning 30-day mortality on day 6 after diagnosis of CDI.ConclusionHypotension and CRP elevation on the day of diagnosis as well as occurrence of kidney dysfunction during the first 6 days are suitable parameters to predict 30-day mortality in patients with CDI who need to be treated in the hospital.
Psychological interventions for depression among informal caregivers of older adult populations: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Mårtensson Erika , Blomberg Oscar , Pettman Danelle , Sörensdotter Renita , von Essen Louise , Woodford Joanne 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionIncreased life expectancy has led to an increased demand for family members to provide informal care for their older relatives in the home. Many studies suggest informal caregivers are at greater risk of experiencing symptoms of depression. However, there is a lack of research examining the effectiveness of psychological interventions targeting these symptoms alongside clinical and methodological moderators potentially associated with intervention effectiveness. This review aims to address this gap and will inform the development of a psychological intervention targeting depression among adult-child caregivers of older parents, given many studies show that among informal caregivers of older adults, adult children experience specific difficulties and needs for psychological support. Further, the lack of studies targeting adult children specifically necessitates conducting this review targeting caregivers of older adults in general.Methods and analysisRandomised controlled trials of psychological interventions targeting symptoms of depression among informal caregivers will be identified via a systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica DataBase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) and supplemented by handsearching of previous systematic reviews, reference and forward citation checking, and expert contact. If possible, a meta-analysis will be conducted to examine the: (1) effectiveness of psychological interventions for depression among informal caregivers of older adults, (2) effectiveness of psychological interventions for secondary outcomes such as anxiety, stress, caregiver burden, psychological distress, quality of life, well-being and self-efficacy and (3) moderating effects of clinical and methodological factors on effectiveness.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be necessary for this study given primary data will not be collected. Results will inform the development of a psychological intervention for adult-child caregivers of older parents and will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020157763.
Validation of the detection of elder abuse through emergency care technicians (DETECT) screening tool: a study protocol
Authors: Cannell Brad , Weitlauf Julie , Livingston Melvin D , Burnett Jason , Parayil Megin , Reingle Gonzalez Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionElder mistreatment (EM) is a high prevalence threat to the health and well-being of older adults in the USA. Medics are well-positioned to help with identification of older adults at risk for EM, however, field robust screening tools appropriate for efficient, observation-based screening are lacking. Prior work by this team focused on the development and initial pilot testing of an observation-based EM screening tool named detection of elder abuse through emergency care technicians (DETECT), designed to be implemented by medics during the course of an emergency response (911) call. The objective of the present work is to validate and further refine this tool in preparation for clinical dissemination.Methods and analysisApproximately 59 400 community-dwelling older adults who place 911 calls during the 36-month study observation period will be screened by medics responding to the call using the DETECT tool. Next, a random subsample of 2520 of the 59 400 older adults screened will be selected to participate in a follow-up interview approximately 2 weeks following the completion of the screening. Follow-up interviews will consist of a medic-led semistructured interview designed to assess the older adult’s likelihood of abuse exposure, physical/mental health status, cognitive functioning, and to systematically evaluate the quality and condition of their physical and social living environment. The data from 25% (n=648) of these follow-up interviews will be presented to a longitudinal, experts and all data panel for a final determination of EM exposure status, representing the closest proxy to a ‘gold standard’ measure available.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been reviewed and approved by the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects at the University of Texas School of Public Health. The results will be disseminated through formal presentations at local, national and international conferences and through publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals.
What are the development priorities for management of type 2 diabetes by general practitioners in Ningbo, China: a qualitative study of patients’ and practitioners’ perspectives
Authors: Woolley Angharad , Li Li , Solomon Josie , Li Jialin , Huang Kai , Chahal Punam , Chahal Priya , Tu Gloria , Chahal Pritpal , Chattopadhyay Kaushik 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo explore patients’ and general practitioners’ (GPs’) perspectives on primary care management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Ningbo, China. We aimed to understand the current benefits and challenges and to identify development priorities.DesignExploratory qualitative descriptive study using face-to-face interviews and analysed by thematic, inductive analysis.Setting11 primary care facilities spread across the city of Ningbo, China.Participants23 patients with T2DM and 20 GPs involved in caring for patients with T2DM.ResultsGPs were considered the first point of contact and providers of information. However, the care varied, and many GPs lacked confidence and felt overworked. The medication was a particularly weak area. The diagnostic screening commenced late, leading to crisis presentations. Patients were variably informed about their condition, contributing to poor adherence.ConclusionsFuture developments of primary care for T2DM in Ningbo should centre around improving GP confidence and workload and patient education and adherence.
Changes in blood pressure thresholds for initiating antihypertensive medication in patients with diabetes: a repeated cross-sectional study focusing on the impact of age and frailty
Authors: Ambrož Martina , de Vries Sieta T , Sidorenkov Grigory , Hoogenberg Klaas , Denig Petra 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo assess trends in systolic blood pressure (SBP) thresholds at initiation of antihypertensive treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and the impact of age and frailty on these trends.Study design and settingA repeated cross-sectional cohort study (2007–2014) using the Groningen Initiative to Analyse Type 2 diabetes Treatment database was conducted. The influence of calendar year, age or frailty and the interaction between year and age or frailty on SBP thresholds were assessed using multilevel regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsWe included 4819 patients. The mean SBP at treatment initiation was 157 mm Hg in 2007, rising to 158 mm Hg in 2009 and decreasing to 151 mm Hg in 2014. This quadratic trend was significant (p<0.001). Older patients initiated treatment at higher SBP, but similar decreasing trends after 2009 were observed in all age groups. There were no significant differences in SBP thresholds between patients with different frailty groups. The association between year and SBP threshold was not influenced by age or frailty.ConclusionAfter an initial rise, the observed SBP thresholds decreased over time and were not influenced by age or frailty. This is in contrast with changed guideline recommendations towards more personalised treatment during the study period and illustrates that changing prescribing practice may take considerable time. Patient-specific algorithms and tools focusing on when and when not to initiate treatment could be helpful to support personalised diabetes care.
COVID-19-related health anxieties and impact of specific interventions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in the UK
Authors: Mir Nasir , Cheesbrough Jonathan , Troth Thomas , Hussain Nasir , Hopkins Laurence Joseph , Shi Jiaqi , Sarker Najiat , Smith Emma , Courtney Finula , Flaherty Jill , Hill Rebecca , Jebb Sarah , Kakosa Villa , Calderwood Jason , Sharma Naveen , McCulloch Adam , Quraishi Mohammed Nabil 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveHealth-related concerns brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of specific local and national interventions have not been explored in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the UK. We evaluated perspectives of patients with IBD on the pandemic and effectiveness of information dissemination in addressing concerns.MethodsWe prospectively conducted a survey among patients with IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic to assess concerns, information-seeking behaviours, risk perception, compliance and effect of specific interventions.ResultsA total of 228 patients were interviewed of whom 89% reported being concerned about the impact of COVID-19 on their health. Access to at least one IBD-specific clinical interaction during the pandemic (COVID-19 information letter from IBD team, interaction with IBD team or general practitioner, Crohn and Colitis UK website visit) was significantly associated with alleviating concerns (OR 2.66; 95% CI 1.35 to 5.24; p=0.005). Seeking health information solely through unofficial channels (search engines or social media) was less likely to ease concerns (OR 0.15; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.61; p=0.008). A quarter of patients disagreed with their assigned risk groups, with majority perceiving higher-risk profiles. This discordance was greatest in patients within the moderate-risk group and constituted immunosuppression use. Nearly 40% of patients had ongoing concerns with regard to their medications of whom a third felt their concerns were not addressed.ConclusionIBD-specific clinical interactions are associated with alleviation of COVID-19 health concerns. These findings have wider implications and emphasise importance of innovative solutions that facilitate effective communication with patients without overburdening current services.
Angiographic investigation of orbital vascular variations in the rabbit and implications for endovascular intra-arterial chemotherapy models
Authors: Froehler Michael T , Feldman Michael J , Poitras Bryan , Daniels Anthony B 
Published: September 2020

Background
The New Zealand White rabbit (NZWR) is the first small-animal experimental model of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for retinoblastoma treatment. The NZWR has dual ophthalmic arteries (OA): the external OA (EOA) arises from the external carotid artery and the internal OA (IOA) from the internal carotid artery. We describe the technique that we have refined for OA catheterization in rabbits, and describe the angioanatomical variations in the OA supply to the NZWR eye and implications for IAC delivery, which were identified as part of a larger project exploring IAC effects in a rabbit retinoblastoma model.

Methods
We developed techniques to perform angiography of the external and internal carotid arteries and superselective angiography of the EOA and IOA in NZWR using transfemoral access and a microwire/microcatheter system. EOA and IOA supply to the eye was determined angiographically and recorded before selective OA catheterization and angiography.

Results
114 rabbits underwent carotid angiographic evaluation and OA catheterization (161 total eyes evaluated, 112 right, 49 left). Most eyes had a single dominant arterial supply; either IOA or EOA. EOA was dominant in 73% (118/161), and IOA was dominant in 17% (27/161). Co-dominant supply was seen in 10% (16/161). Of the rabbits with bilateral OA catheterization, 25/47 (53%) had bilateral dominant EOA.

Conclusion
Successful catheterization of the OA in the NZWR can be readily accomplished with nuanced technique. The external OA is the dominant arterial supply in the majority of NZWR eyes. These findings allow for successful reproduction of OA catheterization studies of IAC for retinoblastoma in NZWR.
The scalar $$f_0(500)$$, $$f_0(980)$$, and $$a_0(980)$$ resonances and vector mesons in the single Cabibbo-suppressed decays $$\Lambda _c \rightarrow p K^+K^-$$ and $$p\pi ^+\pi ^-$$
Authors: Wang Zhe , Wang Yan-Yan , Wang En , Li De-Min , Xie Ju-Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the chiral unitary approach, we have studied the single Cabibbo-suppressed decays $$\Lambda _c\rightarrow pK^+K^-$$

Λ
c

→
p

K
+

K
-

and $$\Lambda _c \rightarrow p \pi ^+\pi ^-$$

Λ
c

→
p

π
+

π
-

by taking into account the s-wave meson–meson interaction as well as the contributions from the intermediate vectors $$\phi $$
ϕ
and $$\rho ^0$$

ρ
0

. Our theoretical results for the ratios of the branching fractions of $$\Lambda _c\rightarrow p {\bar{K}}^{*0}$$

Λ
c

→
p

K

¯

∗
0

and $$\Lambda _c\rightarrow p \omega $$

Λ
c

→
p
ω

with respect to the one of $$\Lambda _c\rightarrow p \phi $$

Λ
c

→
p
ϕ

are in agreement with the experimental data. Within the picture that the scalar resonances $$f_0(500)$$

f
0

(
500
)

, $$f_0(980)$$

f
0

(
980
)

, and $$a_0(980)$$

a
0

(
980
)

are dynamically generated from the pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar interactions in s-wave, we have calculated the $$K^+K^-$$

K
+

K
-

and $$\pi ^+\pi ^-$$

π
+

π
-

invariant mass distributions respectively for the decays $$\Lambda _c\rightarrow pK^+K^-$$

Λ
c

→
p

K
+

K
-

and $$\Lambda _c\rightarrow p\pi ^+\pi ^-$$

Λ
c

→
p

π
+

π
-

. One can find a broad bump structure for the $$f_0(500)$$

f
0

(
500
)

and a narrow peak for the $$f_0(980)$$

f
0

(
980
)

in the $$\pi ^+\pi ^-$$

π
+

π
-

invariant mass distribution of the decay $$\Lambda _c\rightarrow p\pi ^+\pi ^-$$

Λ
c

→
p

π
+

π
-

. For the $$K^+K^-$$

K
+

K
-

invariant mass distribution, in addition to the narrow peak for the $$\phi $$
ϕ
meson, there is an enhancement structure near the $$K^+K^-$$

K
+

K
-

threshold mainly due to the contribution from the $$f_0(980)$$

f
0

(
980
)

. Both the $$\pi ^+\pi ^-$$

π
+

π
-

and $$K^+K^-$$

K
+

K
-

invariant mass distributions are compatible with the BESIII measurement. We encourage our experimental colleagues to measure these two decays, which would be helpful to understand the nature of the $$f_0(500)$$

f
0

(
500
)

, $$f_0(980)$$

f
0

(
980
)

, and $$a_0(980)$$

a
0

(
980
)

.