bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric Double‐Layer Capacitors Based on Non‐Aqueous Electrolytes: A Comparative Study of Potassium and Quaternary Ammonium Salts
Authors: Uchida Satoshi , Masese Titus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImmense attention has been drawn towards electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) as a viable intermittent energy storage solution, owing to their ultra‐fast charge/discharge rates and long cycle life. However, the high activation energy of ionic conductivity innate in conventional aprotic organic electrolytes has greatly impeded the feasibility of high‐performance EDLCs. Herein, we investigate and compare the physicochemical properties and performance of electrolytes based on potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF6) and commercial triethylmethy‐lammonium tetra‐fluoroborate (TEMABF4) salts in EDLCs. Compared to commercial TEMABF4‐based electrolytes, KPF6 salt‐based electrolytes (in acetonitrile solvent) demonstrate outstanding rate performance. The KPF6 salt‐based electrolyte further manifests lower ionic resistance within activated carbon pores as well as lower interfacial resistance between electrode and electrolyte; an affirmation of not the high ionic conductivity but rather the eminence of low activation energy. The low activation energy can be attributed to the low effective nuclear charge of the K+ cations that allow anions to transverse easily in solvent state. This study not only underpins potassium‐ion (K+) as a fast charge carrier, but also a viable solution for the next‐generation non‐aqueous power devices relying on monovalent alkali cations.
Konsequenzen aus den Anforderungen der WU‐Richtlinie für Elementwände
Authors: Schulz Rolf‐Rainer , Kahmer Herbert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDie neue DAfStb‐Richtlinie für Wasserundurchlässige Bauwerke aus Beton (WU‐Richtlinie) fordert für Betonfertigteile mit Ortbetonergänzung eine vollflächige kornraue Oberfläche und den Nachweis einer mittleren Rautiefe von nunmehr 1,5 mm statt bisher 0,9 mm. Dies gilt demnach auch für den Bereich der Gitterträger, was sowohl herstellungstechnisch als auch messtechnisch eine besondere Herausforderung darstellt. Bei Elementwänden muss im Rahmen der Erstprüfung sogar an den Innenoberflächen beider Fertigteilschalen geprüft werden. In der laufenden Produktion und auf der Baustelle genügen normalerweise eine Sichtprüfung und der Vergleich mit einer Referenzplatte. In Zweifelsfällen ist jedoch mit dem Sandflächenverfahren oder mit lasergebundenen Verfahren zu prüfen. Die Richtlinie lässt allerdings offen, wie dies in der Praxis umzusetzen ist. Deshalb ist es das Ziel dieses Beitrags, Lösungsmöglichkeiten aufzuzeigen.
Orientin Protects Podocytes from High Glucose Induced Apoptosis through Mitophagy
Authors: Kong Zi‐Li , Che Kui , Hu Jian‐Xia , Chen Ying , Wang Yun‐Yang , Wang Xiang , Lü Wen‐Shan , Wang Yan‐Gang , Chi Jing‐Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Orientin, a major bioactive constituent of Fenugreek, has been reported to possess antihyperglycemic properties. However, its effects on DN remain unclear. Therefore, we explored the protective effect of orientin on podocytes. Here, we assessed cell viability and toxicity, level of autophagy, mitochondrial morphological changes, and podocyte apoptosis. The results indicated that high glucose (HG) induced podocyte apoptosis as well as mitochondrial injury can be partially blocked by orientin. The results showed that orientin could repair autophagy disorder induced by HG, while 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) reversed the protection of orientin. Our study demonstrated the possibility of treating DN with orientin.
Circ_LAS1L regulates cardiac fibroblast activation, growth, and migration through miR‐125b/SFRP5 pathway
Authors: Sun Li‐ye , Zhao Jin‐chao , Ge Xiao‐ming , Zhang Hui , Wang Chuan‐mei , Bie Zi‐dong 
Published: January 2020

Current studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely related in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Previous studies have shown that miR‐125b promotes fibrosis and up‐regulates in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and further experiments showed that circ_LAS1L had multiple binding sites of miR‐125b, and their expression was inversely related in AMI patients and CFs. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), pull down, and dual luciferase reporter gene assay all confirmed that miR‐125b directly bound to circ_LAS1L. Circ_LAS1L overexpression promoted the expression of downstream target gene secreted frizzled‐related protein 5 (SFRP5), inhibited the expression of alpha‐SMA, collagen I, and collagen III, inhibited CF proliferation and migration, and promoted apoptosis. When cotransfected with circ_LAS1L overexpression vector and miR‐125b mimics, the above gene expression and CF biological behaviours did not change significantly. But when cotransfected with circ_LAS1L overexpression vector and SFRP5 siRNA, SFRP5 expression was still down‐regulated, the expression of alpha‐SMA, collagen I, and collagen III was up‐regulated, and the proliferation and migration of CFs were increased. Therefore, circ_LAS1L inhibits the activity of miR‐125b by adsorbing it, thus promoting the expression of SFRP5 and then regulating the biological characteristics of CFs. These findings may provide an important experimental basis for the regulation of myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction.Significance of the studyStudies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in cardiovascular diseases, but there are few studies on their roles in the process of myocardial fibrosis. In this study, we found that circ_LAS1L was down‐regulated in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and could bind directly to miR‐125b, thereby promoting the expression of downstream target gene secreted frizzled‐related protein 5 (SFRP5), ultimately inhibiting the activation, proliferation and migration of CF, and promoting apoptosis. This suggests that circ_LAS1L/miR‐125b/SFRP5 pathway can regulate the biological function of CF and may play an important role in the process of myocardial fibrosis, thus providing an important theoretical basis for the regulation of myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction.
Nitroprolinates as Nucleophiles in Michael‐type Additions and Acylations. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Fused Amino‐pyrrolidino‐[1,2‐a]pyrazinones and ‐diketopiperazines
Authors: García‐Mingüens Eduardo , Selva Verónica , Larrañaga Olatz , Nájera Carmen , Sansano José M. , de Cózar Abel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe enantioselective formation of nitroprolinates followed by diastereoselective Michael‐type addition onto a second unit of the nitro alkene is studied. The reaction occurred in a one pot‐sequential process controlled by the chiral phosphoramidite⋅silver benzoate complex. The origin of the high diastereoselectivity is studied by DFT computational analysis where the crucial effect of the benzoic acid is justified. The employment of this strategy to the preparation of pyrazine‐2‐ones is also surveyed, as well as the preparation of diketopiperazines from enantiomerically enriched exo‐prolinates using conventional N‐acylation‐amination‐cyclization steps.
Construction of 2D‐ZnS@ZnO Z‐Scheme Heterostructured Nanosheets with a Highly Ordered ZnO Core and Disordered ZnS Shell for Enhancing Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Luan Qingrui , Chen Qifeng , Zheng Jie , Guan Ruifang , Fang Yanfen , Hu Xun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHeterostructure and defects in photocatalyst play highly important role in photocatalysis. Formation of 2D‐ZnS@ZnO Z‐scheme heterostructure and introduction of zinc interstitial defects into ZnO were successfully achieved through a facile in‐situ ion‐exchange hydrothermal approach, and the photocatalysts exhibited high photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution. The heterointerface between the highly ordered ZnO core and disordered ZnS shell, and the zinc interstitial, facilitate the transfer and separation of charge carriers, resulting in high photocatalytic activity. The 2D‐ZnS@ZnO photocatalyst with a disordered ZnS layer of about 8 nm in thickness exhibited a photocurrent density about 7.2 times than that of ZnO, which is mainly attributed to the facilitative effect on interface transfer and the increased charge density. In addition, the photocatalytic activity can be adjusted via changing the thickness of the disordered ZnS overlayer. This work provides a strategy for the design of the heterointerface photocatalysts combined with defect engineering, through which the photocatalytic activity can be remarkably improved.
Surfactant‐Assisted Symmetry Breaking in Colloidal Gold Nanocrystal Growth
Authors: González‐Rubio Guillermo , Scarabelli Leonardo , Guerrero‐Martínez Andrés , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractColloidal anisotropic gold nanocrystals play a central role in the field of plasmonics owing to their tunable optical activity across a wide spectral range. However, achieving sufficient optical quality for practical implementation requires advanced synthetic protocols yielding gold nanocrystals with the desired morphology and plasmonic properties. This Minireview focuses on a fundamental step during the growth of anisotropic nanocrystals, namely symmetry breaking. In connection with thermodynamic and kinetic control of nanocrystal growth, we discuss the complex interplay between the role of seed morphology and that of surfactants, shape‐directing additives and reducing agents. We revisit some iconic syntheses of anisotropic gold nanoparticles, including nanorods, nanotriangles, and nanobipyramids. Finally, we analyze the use of co‐surfactants as an emerging strategy to disconnect the symmetry breaking event from the anisotropic growth process, overcoming current limitations in the synthesis of anisotropic gold nanocrystals.
Effects of Lasmiditan on Cardiovascular Parameters and Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Subjects Receiving Oral Doses of Propranolol
Authors: Tsai Max , Case Michael , Ardayfio Paul , Hochstetler Helen , Wilbraham Darren 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLasmiditan (LY573144/COL‐144) is a high‐affinity, centrally penetrant, selective 5‐HT1F receptor agonist currently under investigation for acute treatment of migraine. Although lasmiditan is not known to induce vasoconstriction, it remains important to understand its effect on cardiovascular parameters because it is likely to be coadministered with β‐adrenergic receptor antagonists used for migraine prophylaxis, such as propranolol. This phase 1, single‐center, open‐label, fixed‐sequence study evaluated the cardiovascular and pharmacokinetic effects of 200 mg lasmiditan in 44 healthy subjects receiving repeated oral doses of twice‐daily 80 mg propranolol under fasting conditions. Coadministration caused statistically significant decreases in mean hourly heart rate relative to propranolol alone, but the maximum magnitude of this effect was –6.5 bpm and recovered to predose levels by 3 to 4 hours before stabilizing. Additionally, short‐lived (≤2.5 hours) statistically significant increases in systolic blood pressure (8.3 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (6.4 mm Hg) were observed following coadministration. Consistent with the largely nonoverlapping metabolic pathways of lasmiditan and propranolol, exposure to either drug was not affected by coadministration. Overall, compared with administration of either drug alone, coadministration was generally well tolerated.
An effective deep learning neural network model for short‐term load forecasting
Authors: Li Ning , Wang Lu , Li Xinquan , Zhu Qing 
Published: January 2020

SummaryEnergy load forecasting plays an important role in the smart grid, which can affect the promoting energy production and consumption decision‐making processes. In this paper, the state‐of‐the‐art deep learning (DL) neural models are used in the short‐term load forecasting, including the multilayer perceptron (MLP), the convolutional neural network (CNN), and the long short‐term memory (LSTM). A novel loss function is proposed for the load forecasting, and two commonly used benchmarks are used to verify the validity of the proposed function. The simulation results show that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the proposed loss function is 19.63% lower than cross‐entropy and 2.34% lower than mean absolute error (MAE). We compared the mentioned neural networks in different aspects, and the results show that in energy load forecasting, CNN has superior performance than MLP and LSTM in terms of high accuracy and robustness to weather changes.
Mode of reproduction and meiotic chromosome behavior in Acroceras macrum
Authors: Ferrari Usandizaga Silvana C. , Martínez Eric J. , Schedler Mara , Honfi Ana I. , Acuña Carlos A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcroceras macrum Stapf is a high‐quality C3 grass species adapted to the subtropics. It is a valuable forage resource in frequently flooded environments. The objectives were to analyze the type of polyploidy, mode of reproduction, and estimate seed and pollen fertility. A living collection of 22 tetraploid and five hexaploid genotypes of A. macrum was analyzed. Type of polyploidy was analyzed from chromosomal pairing at diakinesis and prometaphase I, and meiotic irregularities were evaluated during the microsporogenesis. Pollen viability was also examined. Bivalents predominated in tetraploids and trivalents in hexaploids. Meiotic abnormalities were more frequent in hexaploids than in tetraploids, and they were mainly related to mechanisms of chromosome nondisjunction. The reproductive mode was determined by cytological analysis of megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis, seed fertility under different pollination methods, and molecular progeny tests. In both tetraploid and hexaploid races, only the development of single meiotically derived embryo sacs was observed. Greater seed production in outcrossing compared with selfing indicated a primarily allogamous matting system. Progenies from crosses between genetically different tetraploid genotypes amplified male‐specific molecular markers, indicating a hybrid origin and solid evidence of sexual reproduction. Population breeding approaches developed for sexual cross‐pollinated species are suited for improving A. macrum.
Atomic Force Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Study of Lignin Solution Self‐Assembly Mechanisms in Organic–Aqueous Solvent Mixtures
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Qian Yong , Li Libo , Qiu Xueqing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLignin‐based nanomaterials fabricated by solution self‐assembly in organic–aqueous solvent mixtures are among the most attractive biomass‐derived products. To accurately control the structure, size, and properties of lignin‐based nanomaterials, it is important to achieve fundamental understanding of its dissolution and aggregation mechanisms. In this work, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to explore the dissolution and aggregation behavior of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) in different organic–aqueous solvent mixtures at molecular scale. EHL was found to dissolve well in appropriate organic–aqueous solvent mixtures, such as acetone–water mixture with a volume ratio of 7:3, whereas it aggregated in pure water, ethanol, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran. The interactions between the EHL‐coated AFM probe and the substrate were 1.21±0.18 and 0.75±0.35 mN m−1 in water and acetone, respectively. In comparison, the interaction decreased to 0.15±0.08 mN m−1 in acetone–water mixture (7:3 v/v). MD simulations further indicate that the hydrophobic skeleton and hydrophilic groups of lignin could be solvated by acetone and water molecules, respectively, which significantly promoted its dissolution. Conversely, only the hydrophobic skeleton or the hydrophilic groups were solvated in organic solvent or water, respectively, inducing serious aggregation of lignin.
A wirelessly powered low‐power digital temperature sensor
Authors: Amin Syed Usman , Shahbaz Muhammad Aaquib , Jawed Syed Arsalan , Naveed Muhammad , Hassan Ayesha , Mahar Asma , Khan Fahd , Masood Noman , Kaleem Danish , Warsi Zain Hussain , Junaid Muhammad 
Published: January 2020

SummaryA wirelessly powered temperature sensor is presented in complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) 180‐nm process. The wireless power transfer (WPT) is performed using resonant magnetic coupling, and a diode‐less AC to DC conversion is achieved through a quadrature‐oscillator with native‐MOS. The quadrature‐signals are subsequently used to control the diode‐less rectifier switches. The on‐chip temperature sensor exploits the subthreshold region temperature, and the sensed temperature is converted to frequency using a ring‐oscillator, which is implemented using differential cross coupled oscillator‐based delay cells. The temperature sensor architecture also employs a temperature‐insensitive replica circuit to minimize process dependence and enhance power‐supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of the sensing process. The application‐specific integrated circuit has been designed and fabricated in 180‐nm CMOS process and has dimensions of 2 mm × 2 mm. The measurement results demonstrate that the WPT circuit generates a DC voltage of 1V with a power transfer efficiency of 85% for distances 2 to 8 mm with settling time of microseconds to milliseconds. The temperature sensor demonstrates a resolution of < ±0.6C with a sensitivity of 0.52 mV/C and 126.9 Hz/C along with PSRR of −63dB and Integral Non‐Linraity (INL) of 5% measured across six different dies. The back‐scattering communication demonstrates a −53‐dB signal at a distance of 4 mm without affecting the WPT efficiency. The total power consumption of the temperature sensor along with the integrated biases is 120 nW.
Use of visual surveys and radiotelemetry reveals sources of detection bias for a cryptic snake at low densities
Authors: Boback Scott M. , Nafus Melia G. , Yackel Adams Amy A. , Reed Robert N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTransect surveys are frequently used to estimate distribution and abundance of species across a landscape, yet a proportion of individuals present will be missed because either they were out of view and unavailable for detection or they were available but not detected because the surveyors missed them. These situations lead to availability and perception bias, respectively, and can result in misleading estimates of abundance and habitat use. In this study, we examined potential biases of visual surveys used for the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis), a cryptic invasive snake responsible for the extirpation of at least 15 vertebrates on Guam. We simultaneously executed visual surveys and radiotelemetry in a low‐density population of brown tree snakes with two goals in mind: to assess the efficacy of visual surveys in detecting subjects at low densities and to identify sources of perception and availability bias in such surveys. Results indicated that with considerable effort, visual surveys can predict the presence of this cryptic reptile even at low densities (0.4 animals/ha) but perform poorly at predicting areas of high use resulting in inaccurate estimates of relative habitat importance. Telemetered snakes used densely foliated plants includingPandanus tectoriusand ferns (epiphytic and terrestrial species) for nearly half of their time, yet <9% of visual survey observations occurred in these microhabitats. Visibility of snakes decreased as they perched higher in the canopy mirroring the disparity between visual survey and telemetry detections but was also surprisingly low near the forest floor (0–1 m). Microhabitats identified in this study are likely to disproportionately affect visual surveys and would be appropriate resources to target for management purposes. When there is critical need to prevent false negatives, such as during an incipient invasion elsewhere, targeted searches of high‐use resources could augment other detection tools to improve detection probabilities of this and other cryptic species.
The lead (Pb) lining of agriculture‐related subsidies: enhanced Golden Eagle growth rates tempered by Pb exposure
Authors: Herring Garth , Eagles‐Smith Collin A. , Buck Jeremy A. , Shiel Alyssa E. , Vennum Chris R. , Emery Colleen , Johnson Branden , Leal David , Heath Julie A. , Dudek Benjamin M. , Preston Charles R. , Woodbridge Brian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSupplementary food resources (e.g., subsidies) associated with agriculture can benefit wildlife species, increasing predictability and availability of food. Avian scavengers including raptors often utilize subsidies associated with both recreational hunting and pest shooting on agricultural lands. However, these subsidies can contain lead (Pb) fragments if they are culled with Pb‐based ammunition, potentially leading to Pb poisoning and physiological impairment in wildlife. Nesting Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) commonly forage in agricultural lands during the breeding season, and therefore, both adults and their nestlings are susceptible to Pb exposure from scavenging shot wildlife. We assessed drivers of Pb exposure in 258 nestling Golden Eagles (401 total blood samples), along with physiological and growth responses, in agricultural lands across four western states in the United States. We also evaluated the birds’ Pb stable isotope signatures to inform exposure sources. Twenty‐six percent of Golden Eagle nestlings contained Pb concentrations associated with subclinical poisoning for sensitive species (0.03–0.2 μg/g ww), 4% had Pb concentrations that exceeded subclinical poisoning benchmarks (0.2–0.5 μg/g ww), and <1% exceeded either concentrations associated with clinical poisoning (0.5–1.0 μg/g ww) and or those deemed to cause severe clinical poisoning (>1.0 μg/g ww). Lead concentrations were highest in nestlings with close proximity to fields that potentially provided subsidies and declined exponentially as distance to subsidies increased. However, close proximity to agriculture, and presumably subsidies, positively influenced nestling growth rates. Across the range of Pb exposure, nestlings experienced a 67% reduction in delta‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ‐ALAD) activity, suggesting nestlings may have been anemic or experiencing cellular damage. Isotopic ratios of 206Pb/207Pb increased non‐linearly with increasing blood Pb in Golden Eagle nestlings, and 45% of the birds were consistent with those of ammunition. However, above 0.10 μg/g ww, the proportion associated with ammunition increased to 89% of the nestlings. An improved understanding of how these positive (growth) and negative (physiology) effects associated with proximity to subsidies interact would be beneficial to managers when considering management scenarios and potentially evaluating any measures taken to reduce Pb exposure across the landscape.