bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pour une approche plus simple et motivante de la grammaire
Authors: Satzinger Christa 
Published: December 2019

De nombreux retours de collègues enseignants selon lesquels il devient de plus en plus difficile d'enseigner la grammaire, dans notre cas la grammaire française, soulèvent naturellement la question de savoir
• comment rendre l'enseignement des langues efficace,• si l'enseignement de la grammaire a encore du sens et sous quelle forme,• si on peut « optimiser les processus d'acquisition » (Thurmair 2010: 357), par lesquels les apprenants acquièrent des connaissances et des compétences grammaticales,• comment aider les apprenants à comprendre la grammaire et à acquérir des connaissances grammaticales tout en les motivant à apprendre la langue.
Ce n'est certes pas une tâche facile pour les enseignants, mais un beau défi à relever! Au moins depuis le dernier débat autour de PISA et la remise en question de la formation des enseignants, la recherche sur le cerveau a acquis un nouveau statut dans le domaine de la didactique et de la pédagogie. Malgré toutes les critiques, qui reviennent sans cesse, il faut admettre que les neuroscientifiques sont arrivés dans leurs travaux de recherche à des résultats précieux et passionnants, qui ne sont pas en soi une solution, mais qui, combinés à des activités didactiques appropriées, peuvent mener à une amélioration de l'enseignement et de l'apprentissage. Nous illustrerons notre propos de quelques exemples concrets tirés de nos leçons de français.
Inferring True Species Richness and Complete Abundance Distribution in Six Reef-fish Communities from Red-sea, Using the Numerical Extrapolation of Incomplete Samplings
Authors: Beguinot Jean 
Published: December 2019

Even when ecological communities are incompletely sampled (which is most frequent in practice, at least for species-rich assemblages including many rare species), it remains possible to retrieve much more information than could be expected first, by applying numerical extrapolation to incomplete field data. Indeed, recently developed procedures of numerical extrapolation of partial samplings now allow to estimate, with fair accuracy, not only the number of the still unrecorded species but, moreover, the distribution of abundances of each of these unrecorded species, thereby making available the full range of the Species Abundance Distribution, despite dealing with incomplete data only. In turn, this allows to address a series of descriptive and functional aspects of the internal organization of species assemblages, which otherwise would have required disposing of truly exhaustive samplings.
This approach is applied, here, to the previously reported partial samplings of six neighboring reef-fish communities from Tiran Island, Red Sea, with the goal of better understanding their internal organization in relation to their respective environments.
In practice, the numerical completion contributes to avoid erroneous interpretations that would likely stem from considering only the incomplete field data. This point is especially relevant when studying reef-associated communities because accurate understanding of their organization will help guiding and refining at best the protective measures required by these particularly vulnerable communities.
Profit Enhancement of Rice-based Production System through Lac Enterprise
Authors: Kumari Kiran , Jaiswal A. K. 
Published: December 2019

Jharkhand agriculture a rainfed one characterized with ninety percent cultivable area monocropped with rice only. On one hand there is need to enhance productivity of agricultural crop, other hand priority should be given for profit enhancement. Lac is a major source of rural livelihood in Jharkhand. Major lac host species like Butea monosperma (palash), Zizyphus mauritiana (ber) and Schleichera oleosa (kusum)are available in plenty in forest as well as on own gravel upland which is otherwise not under cultivation and are wasteland. Diversifying the existing agriculture system through inclusion o lac not only enhances the profit margin of the production system but also developed entrepreneurial behavior of the main actor of the system. In this background lac cultivation interventions was introduced in rice based monocropping system. Inclusion of Lac on abandoned tree of Butea monosperma and Zizyphus mauritiana fetch good economic return to the farm families with net return of Rs. 25090 per hectare and Rs. 7480/ha respectively from kusumi lac on and rangeeni lac, whereas in upland rice net return was only Rs. 3804/ha. The benefit per rupee of investment is lowest in case of growing only rice with Rs. 2.08 and maximum benefit was Rs. 5.14 in case of lac on ber. Lac cultivation on different host trees were compaered and it was found that benefit per rupee of investment were Rs. 3.59, 4.83, and 2.41. and 2.08 respectively in rice with lac cultivation of rangeeni on palash, rice with kusumi lac on ber, rice with lac on palash and ber in alternate season and cultivation of only rice crop. Organizing Lac cooperative and input bank at kisan club proved a pivot in better management of produce and ensuring local availability of brood lac.
Effect of Farmyard Manure, Zinc and Boron on Growth and Yield of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L) in Farmers’ Fields in Bihar, India
Authors: Singh Hemant Kumar , Saha Bholanath , Roy Manoj Kumar , Sohane R. K. 
Published: December 2019

Zinc and boron are two most important micronutrients found deficient in the intensive vegetable growing fields of the northern parts of Bihar, India. Keeping the above in view, the field trials were conducted in ten farmers’ fields during Rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017-18 with four treatments consisting of: i) Farmers’ practice/control (T1), ii) 10.0 kg Zn + 1.0 kg B / ha (T2), iii) 5 t farmyard manure (FYM) ha-1 with 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 as basal + foliar spray of Zn twice @ 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O solution - one at maximum vegetative growth stage and another at flower initiation stage + 1.0 kg B ha-1 (T3) and iv) 5t FYM ha-1 with 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 as basal + foliar spray of Zn twice @ 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O solution - one at maximum vegetative growth stage and another at flower initiation stage with 2.0 kg B ha-1 (T4). The field trials were conducted with randomized complete block design under the supervision of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kishanganj, Bihar. Results revealed that the maximum fruit yield of 280.51 q/ha was recorded with 12.03 maximum fruit number and early days to first fruit harvest (60.86) by the application of 5t FYM ha-1, 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 as basal + foliar spray of Zn twice @ 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O solution applied one at maximum vegetative growth stage and another at flower initiation stage with 2.0 kg B ha-1 as basal application in comparison to farmer practice with 189.79 q/ha fruit yield, 6.07 numbers of fruit and days to first fruit harvest (70.11). This treatment also recorded the highest B:C ratio (3.82) in comparison to farmer practice (2.93) indicating an economically better response to farmers of the intensively brinjal cultivated region of the state.
Effect of Strain on External and Internal Egg Parameters of Exotic, Indigenous Chicken and Crossbreds
Authors: Ezekiel Udoh, Jessie , Hilary Udoh, Utibe-Abasi 
Published: December 2019

Examining effect of Strain on External and Internal Egg Parameters of Rhode Island Red (RIR), two Nigerian indigenous chicken strain:-(Pure naked neck (NNK); pure Normal feathered (NF)); Crosses were:- RIR x naked neck (RNK) cross; RIR x Normal feathered (RNF) cross. Matured 100 birds reared intensively for 10 weeks at Teaching and Research farm, University of Uyo in a Completely Randomized Design in standard management practices. Feed (16.0% crude protein, 2800 Kcal/Kg Metabolize-able energy) and water given ad libitum. 10 eggs per strain were cracked every Mondays and Fridays every week to examined External (egg weight(Ewt), egg length(El), shell weight (Swt) and Internal (yolk height (Yht), yolk weight(Ywt), albumen weight(Awt) albumen height (Aht) and Haugh unit (HU)) egg parameters. All data were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance of SAS Statistical Software Package Version 9.2. Results indicated significant (P<0.05) effect of strain on external egg parameters studied. For Ewt, RNK (46.38±0.79 g) and RNF (45.54±0.96 g) were statistically (P<.05) higher than NF (42.42±0.85 g). For Swt, RNF(4.71g±0.09 g) was statistically (P<.05) higher than NF (4.36±0.11g) but similar in other strains. Result indicated significant (P<0.05) effect of strain on all the internal egg parameters measured. For Hu (RNK) 79.08±1.23% and (RNF) 77.83±1.88 were statistically (P<.05) higher than (NF) 73.84±1.10%. The same trend followed in other internal egg parameters among the strains. Generally, the trends placed were exotic birds first, then Crossbreds and Purebreds last in the parameters. In conclusion, RNK and SNF crossbreds performed better in both External and Internal egg parameter than purebred strains studied. Hence, crossbreeding should be adopted to improve Nigerian Chickens.
Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Seropositive HIV and HBsAg Cases among Women Booking for Antenatal Care at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Awoyesuku P. A. , Macpepple D. A. , Altraide B. O. , John D. H. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Infection with hepatitis B (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are global public health problems. These infections during pregnancy increase the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality, and also pose a risk to the fetus due to mother to child transmission.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of seropositive HIV and HBsAg cases amongst pregnant women at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH).
Methodology: A retrospective review of hospital and laboratory records of all pregnant women booked at RSUTH in two years, from May 2017 to April 2019, was carried out. Data on patients’ age, parity and educational level and reactivity of HIV and HBsAg test at booking were retrieved using structured proforma and analyzed using Epi Info Version 7. Test for significance using Chi-square was set at a significant level of P<0.05.
Results: 3560 patients had HIV and HBsAg screening out of which 148 (4.2%) and 9 (0.3%) respectively were positive. The comorbidity rate in this study was 0.06%. The mean age was 31.5±4.7 years and the mean gestational age at booking was 22.1±6.8 weeks. There was no significant relationship between their age (χ2 = 2.690, p-value=0.442) and parity (χ2 = 3.759, p-value = 0.145) with HIV seropositivity, but these were significant for HBsAg (χ2 = 13.691, p-value = 0.003) (χ2 = 13.121, p-value=0.001). Educational status was significant for HIV (χ2 = 16.188, p-value=0.000) but not for HBsAg (χ2 = 0.229, p-value=0.892).
Conclusion: The seroprevalence rate of HIV and HBsAg in this study were low. HIV seroprevalence was significantly affected by lower education, while HBsAg seroprevalence was significantly affected by younger maternal age and nulliparity. Continued screening of pregnant women for these infections remains valuable and further community-based studies to identify risk factors are recommended.
Using Factor Analysis Procedures to Validate Score Reporting Practice of Large Scale Examinations: Establishing the Baseline
Authors: Mogapi Molefhe 
Published: December 2019

Performance of candidates in large scale examinations is often reported using a composite score that represents an aggregation of several components of a subject. The components are meant to reflect the fact that subjects are made up of different topics or modalities and each modality is assessed by means of a subset of items. The subsets of items measure a candidates’ knowledge with respect to the specific domain. However, more often than not, the construct validity or psychometric independence of each specific domain has not been empirically defined although the domain has intuitive meaning. Factor analysis can be used to make sure that the score reporting practice as indicated by the number of domains is supported by the underlying factor structure. In this paper, Social Studies and Science final examinations test scores were used as dependent variables to extract underlying dimensions. The co-variance matrix for each of the two subjects was submitted to a principal component analysis with Varimax rotation to produce factor loading. The results indicated a unidimensional factor structure for Social Studies and a three component model for Science. The findings were used to evaluate the adopted score reporting structure for each of the two subjects.
Optimization of HU threshold for coronary artery calcium scans reconstructed at 0.5‐mm slice thickness using iterative reconstruction
Authors: Hou Kuei‐Yuan , Tsujioka Katsumi , Yang Ching‐Ching 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThis work investigated the simultaneous influence of tube voltage, tube current, body size, and HU threshold on calcium scoring reconstructed at 0.5‐mm slice thickness using iterative reconstruction (IR) through multivariate analysis. Regression results were used to optimize the HU threshold to calibrate the resulting Agatston scores to be consistent with those obtained from the conventional protocol.MethodsA thorax phantom set simulating three different body sizes was used in this study. A total of 14 coronary artery calcium (CAC) protocols were studied, including 1 conventional protocol reconstructed at 3‐mm slice thickness, 1 FBP protocol, and 12 statistical IR protocols (3 kVp values*4 SD values) reconstructed at 0.5‐mm slice thickness. Three HU thresholds were applied for calcium identification, including 130, 150, and 170 HU. A multiple linear regression method was used to analyze the impact of kVp, SD, body size, and HU threshold on the Agatston scores of three calcification densities for IR‐reconstructed CAC scans acquired with 0.5‐mm slice thickness.ResultsEach regression relationship has R2 larger than 0.80, indicating a good fit to the data. Based on the regression models, the HU thresholds as a function of SD estimated to ensure the quantification accuracy of calcium scores for 120‐, 100‐, and 80‐kVp CAC scans reconstructed at 0.5‐mm slice thickness using IR for three different body sizes were proposed. Our results indicate that the HU threshold should be adjusted according to the imaging condition, whereas a 130‐HU threshold is appropriate for 120‐kVp CAC scans acquired with SD = 55 for body size of 24.5 cm.ConclusionThe optimized HU thresholds were proposed for CAC scans reconstructed at 0.5‐mm slice thickness using IR. Our study results may provide a potential strategy to improve the reliability of calcium scoring by reducing partial volume effect while keeping radiation dose as low as reasonably achievable.
Dosimetric study of three‐dimensional static and dynamic SBRT radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma based on 4DCT image deformable registration
Authors: Ma Changdong , Duan Jinghao , Yu Shuang , Ma Changsheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to determine the actual dose received by normal tissues during four‐dimensional radiation therapy (4DRT) composed of ten phases of four‐dimensional computer tomography (4DCT) images. The analysis was performed by tracking the hepatocellular carcinoma SBRT. Data were acquired from the tracking of each phase with the beam aperture for 28 hepatocellular carcinoma patients, and the data were used to generate a cumulative plan, which was compared to a three‐dimensional (3D) plan formed from a merged target volume based on 4DCT images in a radiation treatment planning system (TPS). The change in normal tissue dose was evaluated in the plan using the parameters V5, V10, V15, V20, V25, V30, V35, and V40 (volumes receiving 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 Gy, respectively) in the dose‐volume histogram for the liver; the mean dose was analyzed for the following tissues: liver, left kidney, and right kidney. The maximum dose was analyzed for the following tissues: bowel, duodenum, esophagus, stomach, and heart. There was a significant difference in the dose between the 4D planning target volume (PTV) (average 115.71 cm3) and ITV (169.86 cm3). The planning objective was for 95% of the volume of the PTV to be covered by the prescription dose, but the mean dose for the liver, left kidney and right kidney had an average decrease of 23.13%, 49.51%, and 54.38%, respectively. The maximum dose for the bowel, duodenum, esophagus, stomach, and heart had an average decrease of 16.77%, 28.07%, 24.28%, 4.89%, and 4.45%, respectively. Compared to 3D RT, the radiation volume for the liver V5, V10, V15, V20, V25, V30, V35, and V40 using the 4D plans had a significant decrease (P ﹤ 0.05). The 4D method creates plans that permit sparing of the normal tissues more than the commonly used ITV method, which delivers the same dosimetric effects to the target.
A common‐mesocosm experiment recreates sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) phenotypes from Everglades marl prairies and peat marshes
Authors: Richards Jennifer H. , Olivas Paulo C. 
Published: December 2019

PremiseThe southern Florida Everglades landscape sustains wetlands of national and international importance. Sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense), the dominant macrophyte in the Everglades, has two phenotypes that vary in size and density between Everglades marl prairies and peat marshes. Marl prairies have recently been hypothesized to be a newly formed habitat developed after European colonization as a result of landscape‐scale hydrologic modifications, implying that sawgrass marl phenotypes developed in response to the marl habitat. We examined whether sawgrass wetland phenotypes are plastic responses to marl and peat soils.MethodsIn a common‐mesocosm experiment, seedlings from a single Everglades population were grown outdoors in field‐collected marl or peat soils. Growth and morphology of plants were measured over 14 mo, while soil and leaf total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total carbon, and plant biomass and biomass allocation were determined in a final harvest.ResultsSawgrass plant morphology diverged in marl vs. peat soils, and variations in morphology and density of mesocosm‐grown plants resembled differences seen in sawgrass plants growing in marl and peat habitats in Everglades wetlands. Additionally, sawgrass growing in marl made abundant dauciform roots, while dauciform root production of sawgrass growing in peat was correlated with soil total phosphorus.ConclusionsSawgrass from a single population grown in marl or peat soils can mimic sawgrass phenotypes associated with marl vs. peat habitats. This plasticity is consistent with the hypothesis that Everglades marl prairies are relatively new habitats that support plant communities assembled after European colonization and subsequent landscape modifications.
Epalrestat improves motor symptoms by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the reserpine induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Chakraborti Rupali Rani , Potol Md. Abdullah , Abir Ariful Haque , Sharmin Ozayra , Alam Mahabub , Khan Md. Fazlur Rahman , Afrin Rownock , Jannat Humayra , Wadud Rasiqh , Habib Zaki Farhad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting a large number of elderly people worldwide. The current therapies for PD are symptom‐based; they do not provide a cure but improve the quality of life. Muscular dysfunction is the hallmark clinical feature of PD and oxidative stress and inflammation play a critical role in its pathogenesis. Epalrestat is used for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy and is known to improve antioxidative defense mechanisms in the CNS. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of Epalrestat in the reserpine induced mouse model of PD.MethodWe used Swiss Albino mice for the PD model and tested for akinesia/bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, palpebral ptosis, and tremor, as well as conducting swim and open field tests. Brain samples were used to determine oxidative stress parameters and infiltration of immune cells.ResultsEpalrestat treatment significantly improved akinesia and bradykinesia, muscular dysfunctions, tremor level, and gait functions compared to the reserpine group. It also improved the latency in the swim test. Eplarestat significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and NO concentration in different brain tissues and increased the activity of antioxidative enzymes, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, Epalrestat reduced neuroinflammation by reducing the number of infiltrating immune cells.ConclusionEplarestat improves muscular dysfunction in PD by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
Allosterische Kinaseinhibitoren – Erwartungen und Chancen
Authors: Lu Xiaoyun , Smaill Jeff B. , Ding Ke 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWirkstoffe, die das Kinasesignal allosterisch hemmen, sind vielversprechend für die Suche nach hochselektiven Therapeutika. Die meisten allosterischen Kinasehemmer sind Typ‐III‐ oder Typ‐IV‐Inhibitoren, die gute Kinom‐Selektivität aufweisen, aber meist unselektiv für Subtypen innerhalb derselben Kinasefamilie sind. Kürzlich wurden allosterische Hemmstoffe entwickelt, die außerhalb der katalytischen Kinasedomäne hochselektiv für spezifische Kinasesubtypen binden. Wir stellen hier allosterische Hemmstoffe vor, die an die Pseudokinase‐Domäne von Pseudokinasen oder an die extrazelluläre Domäne von Rezeptortyrosin‐Kinasen binden. Daneben behandeln wir auch neue Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der allosterischen Kinaseinhibitoren, darunter Beispiele für PROTACs, beleuchten die Bindungsweisen bei jedem Inhibitortyp und diskutieren künftige Chancen in diesem Feld.
Incorporation of indolinospirooxazine on ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer to produce a intelligently temperature‐regulated nonwhite cool material
Authors: Xu Sheng , Qi Yanli , Zhang Jun 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTCool materials that adjust cooling efficiency according to sunlight intensity are needed because people have different needs for cooling at different times. Several colors of commercial microencapsulated photochromic powder were melt blended with ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer in a two‐roll mill at 90 °C to prepare the photochromic films of corresponding colors. Pink photochromic films [the organic photochromic compound is indolinospirooxazine (NISO)] were selected to continue the following variable experiment due to its best performance in the indoor cooling test. The pink photochromic films change color as well as transmittance according to the intensity of sunlight, thereby achieving an intelligent cooling effect. A maximum decrease around 10 °C was observed in natural environment when the addition amount of pink photochromic powder reaches 2.0 phr under strong sunlight and all films did not show cooling effect under weak sunlight. This material can be covered on buildings to regulate the indoor temperature. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48887.