bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Note testuali e lessicali al ‘Petronius redivivus’
Authors: Munzi Luigi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A collection of satirical stories and sketches in form of prosimetrum found in ms. Dublin 602 and possibly written in England ca. 1200, was first edited by M. L. Colker in 1975: according to remarkable and pervasive influence of Petronius’ Satyricon, both in attitudes and in language, Colker named the text as ‘Petronius redivivus’. In a renewed edition published in 2007 the same scholar proposes to assign this text to Helias of Thriplow. This paper offers a thorough discussion of the constitutio textus and a few notes about linguistic peculiarities and technical dictionary.
Tâcherons ou sous-traitants ? Travailleurs indépendants et entrepreneurs dans la construction en France entre la fin du XIXe siècle et l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Martini Manuela 
Published: December 2019

Résumé
L’association entre industrie de la construction et sous-traitance est une évidence à la fin du XIXe siècle, tout comme aujourd’hui. Pourtant l’histoire des mutations du statut du sous-traitant et des formes du travail au forfait dans le bâtiment au début du XXe siècle est encore peu étudiée. Pour aborder cette question, cet article prend pour objet un virement institutionnel majeur dans la définition du « tâcheron » en France : la réforme sur les abus du marchandage dans la seconde moitié des années 1930. Ce dispositif classifie et ordonne les relations entre les acteurs économiques aux intérêts divergents impliqués dans la chaîne de la sous-traitance : maître d’ouvrage, maître d’œuvre, sous-traitant, ouvriers travaillant pour le sous-traitant. Formalisant l’état des lieux de la jurisprudence et détaillant les modalités de la mise en œuvre du marchandage, il permet ainsi de s’interroger sur les caractères marquants d’une forme clé d’organisation du travail de la deuxième industrialisation.
Workshops, Factories and Subcontractors in the Chinese Woolen Industry, 1880-1937
Authors: Broggi Carles Brasó 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article discusses China’s attempts to industrialize from the late nineteenth century until the Japanese occupation of 1937. It focuses on the woollen industry and uses data from industrial investigations, market information and company archives. Several attempts to build a woollen industry from the 1880s to the end of the First World War failed. However, in the 1920s and 1930s some private companies in Tianjin, Shanghai and the Yangzi Delta succeeded in managing profitable woollen workshops and mills. An export-based carpet industry was developed in Tianjin while a network of workshops and integrated mills flourished in Shanghai and the Yangzi Delta to supply woollen goods for civilian clothing in the Chinese urban markets. This article aims to contribute to the debate of China’s late industrialization by looking at the structure of the woollen industry and its alignment with actual consumer demands.
Enjeux et modalités de la sous-traitance des navires de guerre français sous l’Ancien Régime
Authors: Plouviez David 
Published: December 2019

Résumé
Le processus de navalisation qui débute au XVIIe siècle contraint les États européens à rassembler des budgets conséquents, à construire des infrastructures portuaires, à organiser des réseaux d’approvisionnement et à disposer d’une main-d’œuvre nombreuse et qualifiée. Néanmoins, aucune puissance ne parvient à assumer seule la construction et l’entretien de se flotte de guerre et le recours à la sous-traitance auprès d’entrepreneurs est récurrent. À partir de l’exploitation d’un échantillon de marchés de construction, cet article a pour objectif de dessiner les contours de la sous-traitance navale en France sous l’Ancien Régime. Il s’agit de contextualiser ce phénomène tant au niveau européen que dans le cadre de la politique navale fran-çaise, ainsi que d’envisager les objets techniques réalisés et les acteurs responsables.
李方桂先生調查西南少數民族語言的足跡
Authors: 癸 李壬 
Published: December 2019

提要
李方桂在美國跟 Edward Sapir 做過美洲印地安語言的調查研究，他回國後做中國境內少數民族語言的調查研究，方法上就能駕輕就熟了。他把重點擺在西南少數民族語言的調查研究，包括屬於傣語的武鳴土語、龍州土語、剝隘土語，和侗水語言的侗語、水家、莫話、羊黃，這些語言都在廣西、雲南、貴州，路途遙遠，交通極為不便。他陸續發表了六部專書和數十篇重要論文。他當年所調查的語種，都是先做傣語系的語言，然後做侗水語言，可見他事先已經做了充分的準備，對那些語言的關係已有初步的瞭解。他還訓練並協助年輕助理馬學良調查彝族撒尼語，邢公畹調查布依語，張琨調查苗語和藏語。如此，學術工作才有傳承，影響深遠。他的研究成果顯示，少數民族語言的現象可以提供解決漢語音韻史的若干問題。地圖一顯示李方桂五次田野調查的途程，地圖二侗傣語族的祖居地和擴散。
黃坑話與早期閩北語
Authors: 清 沈瑞 
Published: December 2019

摘要
本文基於多次田野調查收集的材料，第一次全面整理了福建省建陽市黃坑鎮方言的音系與詞彙，並在此基礎上進一步討論黃坑話的譜系地位及其相關問題。首先，我們提出了支持黃坑話的譜系地位屬於閩北語的證據。其次，我們通過黃坑話跟原始閩北語構擬的比較，梳理了黃坑話在音韻上的存古與創新，認為黃坑話應該屬於目前所知的閩北語中最早分出的一支。然後，我們構擬了比原始閩北語更早的早期閩北語，並比較了它跟原始閩北語在音系結構上的異同。最後，我們討論了黃坑話的詞彙特點以及黃坑話對漢語方言研究的啟示。
複數單數化與漢語方言單數代詞中後綴「儂」的來源——一項語義創新及其對東南方言代詞系統的影響
Authors: 民 盛益 
Published: December 2019

提要
本文是筆者對古江東方言語法重建工作的一個嘗試性研究。文章發現單數人稱代詞中的後綴「儂」分佈於從吳語到北部贛語的連續區域，由於吳語、徽語、閩語、贛語、湘語等也同時存在用「儂」表示人稱代詞複數標記的現象，故本文提出「儂」為該區域（乃古江東方言之後裔）早期的複數標記，之後在吳語至北部贛語這個區域發生了複數單數化的創新演變，使得「儂」發展成了單數中的後綴。這個演變對於東南方言（尤其是吳語）的人稱代詞系統，產生了極其深遠的影響。
Feeling the Grammar: Literary Translations of the Dual Inflection in Arabic
Authors: Ziajka Stanton Anna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article draws from historical treatises on Arabic grammar, alongside modern theories of untranslatability and translation ethics, to argue for both the practical feasibility and the ethical potential of accounting for the grammatical Arabic dual inflection in English translations of Arabic literature. It considers the dual to possess certain formal qualities—of sound, sense, affective impact, and ontological significance—that require a correspondingly material and embodied mode of engagement from the translator, which is described here with reference to my own published translation of a contemporary Lebanese novel. Ultimately, I propose that such an approach enables new and more ethical ways of reading from an Anglophone audience.
From Medieval Tribes to Modern Dialects: on the Afterlives of Colonial Knowledge in Arabic Dialectology
Authors: Benkato Adam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBy producing certain types of knowledge and discourse and rendering medieval sources such as Ibn Khaldūn into the terms of that discourse, colonial Orientalists delimited what it was possible to know about both the medieval and modern Maghrib. Concerned with the narrative of the “Arabization” of the Maghrib distilled out of Ibn Khaldūn by colonial scholars, the field of Arabic dialectology attempted to use linguistic research on modern Arabic to buttress this narrative while employing it to categorize its results. This article examines how particular categories such as divisions of “Bedouin” dialects originated through this type of colonial scholarship, and how they have lived on until now as the categories into which current research is fit.
Introducing the New Lens of African Military History
Authors: Doron Roy , Thomas Charles G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In an effort to enrich the historical understanding of the African past, the editors of the Journal of African Military History announce the creation of a new series titled the New Lens of African Military History. In this new series, we ask for contributions that examine various aspects of the African past from a military methodology, and assess the ways that using military history helps create a more complex and complete picture of different aspects of African history. In our inaugural issue, we examine the question of genocide during the Nigerian Civil War, a hard fought war with an underdeveloped military literature. By placing the evolution of Biafra’s genocide claims into the broader picture of the war, a more nuanced and complex analysis of the war and its most important legacy becomes possible.
Applied History Today
Authors: Lowe David 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Does applied history have an image problem? At first glance, there are signs that it might, but I will suggest in this essay that the considered view is more promising. Partly on account of the formidable policy questions facing us, on global, national and transnational levels, there is a growing appetite for ‘usable’ forms of history, and historians are organizing with a number of constructive responses. The earlier interest in applied history as a means to better statesmanship has now been joined by a productively pluralist approach to the types of policy to which history might be applied. This welcome trend is perhaps the most important thing to note about applied history today. It also reflects the urgency of problems across a broad spectrum of public policy. Conditions now seem more welcoming of public-facing historians writing from multiple perspectives and writing to help think through the state we are in.
Integrated vibration isolation and energy harvesting via a bistable piezo-composite plate
Authors: Lu Ze-Qi , Shao Dong , Fang Zhi-Wei , Ding Hu , Chen Li-Qun 
Published: December 2019

In passive vibration isolation, a bistable composite plate can be used to generate high-static low-dynamic stiffness, and in vibratory energy harvesting, when used with piezoelectric film flexing, the bistable composite plate can enhance the performance via snap-through motion. In the present work, we designed a bistable piezo-composite plate for both vibration isolation and energy harvesting. The analytical model for performance prediction is derived from the virtual work principle and the composite elasticity. Displacement transmissibility and output voltage generation were analytically determined for different mechanical and electrical parameters. The results illustrate that the bistable piezo-composite plate improves the feasibility and effectiveness of the integration design. Hardening and softening nonlinear phenomena coexist in both the displacement transmissibility and the output voltage plot. Approximate analytical solutions and numerical simulations are in good agreement. Both analytical and numerical results demonstrate that, at a certain frequency bands, enhanced energy harvesting is accompanied by a vibration transmissibility reduction. Compared with a linear system with the bistable piezo-composite plate removed, it achieved a reduction in the displacement transmissibility of about 13 dB at 100 Hz, simultaneously, and produced a considerable output voltage of about 0.05 V.
Hypoglycemia and Glycemic Control in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Baseline Results From the WISDM Study
Authors: Carlson Anders L. , Kanapka Lauren G. , Miller Kellee M. , Ahmann Andrew J. , Chaytor Naomi S. , Fox Steven , Kiblinger Lisa , Kruger Davida , Levy Carol J. , Peters Anne L. , Rickels Michael R. , Salam Maamoun , Shah Viral N. , Young Laura A. , Kudva Yogish C. , Pratley Richard ,   for the WISDM Study Group
Published: December 2019

Background: Knowledge regarding the burden and predictors of hypoglycemia among older adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is limited. Methods: We analyzed baseline data from the Wireless Innovations for Seniors with Diabetes Mellitus (WISDM) study, which enrolled participants at 22 sites in the United States. Eligibility included clinical diagnosis of T1D, age ≥60 years, no real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use in prior three months, and HbA1c <10.0%. Blinded CGM data from 203 participants with at least 240 hours were included in the analyses. Results: Median age of the cohort was 68 years (52% female, 93% non-Hispanic white, and 53% used insulin pumps). Mean HbA1c was 7.5%. Median time spent in the glucose range <70 mg/dL was 5.0% (72 min/day) and <54 mg/dL was 1.6% (24 min/day). Among all factors analyzed, only reduced hypoglycemia awareness was associated with greater time spent <54 mg/dL (median time of 2.7% vs 1.3% [39 vs 19 minutes per day] for reduced awareness vs aware/uncertain, respectively, P = .03). Participants spent a mean 56% of total time in target glucose range of 70-180 mg/dL and 37% of time above 180 mg/dL. Conclusions: Over half of older T1D participants spent at least an hour a day with glucose levels <70 mg/dL. Those with reduced hypoglycemia awareness spent over twice as much time than those without in a serious hypoglycemia range (glucose levels <54 mg/dL). Interventions to reduce exposure to clinically significant hypoglycemia and increase time in range are urgently needed in this age group.
HemiCAP Knee Implants: Mid- to Long-Term Results
Authors: Laursen Jens Ole , Backer Mogensen Christian , Skjøt-Arkil Helene 
Published: December 2019

Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the long-term outcomes of the Focal Femoral Condyle Resurfacing Prosthesis (HemiCAP) using clinical and radiographic assessments, and to evaluate the revision and survival rates. Methods Clinical evaluation was performed in those not revised and was able to participate. This was a prospective single-center cohort study of HemiCAP patients with 7 to 10 years of clinical and radiographic follow-up. The clinical examination included the Knee Society Score (KSS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) score. The radiographic examination included the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade. Survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and potential risk factors for revision was evaluated by a regression analysis. Results Of the 62 patients with 64 HemiCAP prostheses, 37 were HemiCAP condyle, 11 HemiCAP PF, and 16 HemiCAP Wave; 27 (42%) were revised—HemiCAP condyle 17 (42%), HemiCAP PF 4 (36%), HemiCAP Wave 6 (37%), and 1 died. Examinations were performed on 31 patients (86%). When compared with the preoperative data, there were significant increases in the KSS objective (mean = 51.5, standard deviation [SD] = 5.9 vs. mean =94.2, SD = 5.0) and function (mean = 51.0, SD = 6.2 vs. mean = 93.7, SD = 4.8) scores, a decrease in the VAS score (mean = 7.1, SD = 0.7 vs. mean = 2.7, SD = 1.7) and a decrease in the KL lateral score (mean = 1.1, SD = 0.3 vs. mean = 0.6, SD = 0.6). The mean follow-up was 7.3 years (SD 1.4) with minimum 4.2 years and maximum 10.2 years. No failures occurred in the series beyond 5 years. Conclusions As hypothesized, we found good clinical and radiographic outcomes, and for those patients who did not require revisions, there were long-term improvements in disability and function. This suggests that patient selection is a key element to successfully applying these devices in clinical practice.
DAMPAned Methotrexate: A Case Report and Review of the Management of Acute Methotrexate Toxicity
Authors: Young Ann , Beriault Daniel , Jung Benjamin , Nikonova Anna , Abosh Dory , Lee Samantha , Zaltzman Jeff , Perl Jeffrey 
Published: December 2019

Rationale: Consensus guidelines on the management of methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity using glucarpidase (Voraxaze) may be relatively unfamiliar to the nephrology community. Presenting concerns of the patient: A 61-year-old man with intravascular large B-cell lymphoma was admitted for cycle #1 of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) following 2 cycles of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy. On admission, he was clinically euvolemic and had a creatinine clearance of 98 mL/min. He received standard HDMTX toxicity prophylaxis with volume expansion, urinary alkalinization, and leucovorin rescue. Diagnoses: Despite prophylactic efforts, he developed a severe acute kidney injury, creatinine 63 to 226 µmol/L (2.56 mg/dL), following HDMTX, impaired methotrexate clearance, and neurotoxicity manifested by status epilepticus. Interventions: He was given glucarpidase to convert extracellular methotrexate into its inactive metabolites, glutamate and DAMPA (4-deoxy-4-amino- N10-methylpteroic acid) at 52 hours post-HDMTX. Cross-reactivity between commercial methotrexate immunoassays with DAMPA led to falsely elevated methotrexate concentrations for much longer than expected based on the current guideline (5 days instead of <48 hours). This required ongoing monitoring of methotrexate concentration by mass spectrometry. Outcomes: The patient remained nonoliguric and did not develop acute indications for dialysis. Serum creatinine peaked at 608 µmol/L (6.88 mg/dL) 6 days after HDMTX. He ultimately had a full renal and neurologic recovery. Lessons learned: Glucarpidase is an effective option for nonrenal elimination of methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity. Timing of methotrexate concentration monitoring to assess for toxicity, how to access the drug, and the need for ongoing monitoring by mass spectrometry beyond the guideline recommendation are highlighted for centers where HDMTX therapy may be used.
Giant Tunable Circular Dichroism of Large-Area Extrinsic Chiral Metal Nanocrescent Arrays
Authors: Cao Liyuan , Qi Jiwei , Wu Qiang , Li Zhixuan , Wang Ride , Chen Junan , Lu Yao , Zhao Wenjuan , Yao Jianghong , Yu Xuanyi , Sun Qian , Xu Jingjun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCircular dichroism (CD) is an interesting phenomenon originating from the interaction of light with chiral molecules or other nanostructures lacking mirror symmetries in three-dimensional (3D) or two-dimensional (2D) space. While the observable effects of optical chirality are very weak in most of the natural materials, they can be designed and significantly enhanced in synthetic chiral structures, where the spatial symmetry of their component are broken on a nanoscale. Therefore, fabrication of composites capable of cheap, time-saving, and giant CD is desirable for the advanced optical technologies. Here, the giant CD of large-area metal nanocrescent array structures was investigated theoretically and experimentally. The largest value of the CD spectrum measured was larger than 0.5, and the CD spectrum was tuned effectively and extensively while maintaining a large peak intensity, which can be attributed to the selective excitation of the lattice surface modes (LSMs) by circularly polarized light. The analysis of the extrinsic chiral structure shows potential applications in chiral molecule sensing and polarizing imaging.
Korean consumers’ awareness of the risks of chemicals in daily consumer products
Authors: Sim Seunghye , Lee Jeongsu , Uhm Yoonhee , Kim Soonbok , Han Eun Jeong , Choi KeunOh , Choi Junyeong , Ban Q-man , Cho Taeje , Kim Augustine Yonghwi , Lee Dong Il , Lim Eunkyung , Lee YoungJoo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Recent tragic accidents due to the use of humidifier disinfectants have caused severe distrust and anxiety over chemicals in consumer products in Korea. Therefore, a survey was conducted to determine consumer opinions about the risk of everyday chemical products used in Korea to assess what information should be provided to consumers via risk communication systems.

Results
An online survey investigated the awareness of 10,000 Korean people regarding potentially harmful substances in consumer chemical products. Concern about the ingredients of chemical products was greatest for pesticides, air fresheners/deodorants, and cleaning agents. There was comparatively little concern about toiletries and personal care products. Respondents were aware of the presence of harmful substances from information on mass media and consumer/environmental organizations, and they also obtained information from ingredient lists and product packaging. Many participants thought that products made from natural materials and products with eco-friendly labeling did not contain harmful substances. Participants replied that they used potentially harmful products as little as possible to reduce the risk. Half of all respondents said that the manufacturers and retailers of products should take responsibility for reducing harmful substances in consumer products. Most respondents were not aware that they could make information disclosure requests for ingredients information.

Conclusion
There are numerous concerns about chemicals in consumer products, but many people still do not know exactly what risks they pose. There is a need to communicate information about the risks of chemicals using the media and methods that people can understand.
Implementation of the Minamata Convention to manage mercury pollution in India: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Sharma Brij Mohan , Bharat Girija K. , Šebková Kateřina , Scheringer Martin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Minamata Convention (MC), a multilateral environmental agreement (MEA), aims to protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and its compounds. The success of the MC essentially depends on its effective implementation in developing regions especially those where the contribution to global mercury emissions is large. We assess the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead of the MC’s implementation in India, which is among the top mercury emitters in the world. We examine the influence of existing Indian regulations on several aspects of the MC and highlight those areas that should be prioritized in future actions combating mercury pollution in India. India has elaborate regulations on several important aspects of the MC, yet their implementation and enforcement remain weak. To change the current situation, it is necessary to develop programs that systematically track mercury consumption, within-country trade, and emissions, monitor environment and human exposure to mercury, and reconcile the mercury management agenda and actions with national development plans in India. India needs to prepare, and timely provide to the secretariat of the convention, the National Action Plan (NAP) with a special focus on managing mercury emissions and releases as described in the Articles 8 and 9 of the MC. Overall, effectively implementing the MC in India will result not only in curbing mercury pollution, but also help in progress towards related Sustainable Development Goals.
Comparison of the transcriptomes of two tardigrades with different hatching coordination
Authors: Yoshida Yuki , Sugiura Kenta , Tomita Masaru , Matsumoto Midori , Arakawa Kazuharu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Tardigrades are microscopic organisms, famous for their tolerance against extreme environments. The establishment of rearing systems of multiple species has allowed for comparison of tardigrade physiology, in particular in embryogenesis. Interestingly, in-lab cultures of limnic species showed smaller variation in hatching timing than terrestrial species, suggesting a hatching regulation mechanism acquired by adaptation to their habitat.

Results
To this end, we screened for coordinated gene expression during the development of two species of tardigrades, Hypsibius exemplaris and Ramazzottius varieornatus, and observed induction of the arthropod molting pathway. Exposure of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormone analog affected egg hatching but not embryonic development in only the limnic H. exemplaris.

Conclusion
These observations suggest a hatching regulation mechanism by the molting pathway in H. exemplaris.