bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment and evaluation of specific antibiotic-induced Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) model in rats
Authors: Tong Guojun , Qian Hai , Li Dongli , Li Jing , Chen Jing , Li Xiongfeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Physical and chemical methods have been established for rat enteritis model, but antibiotic induction has been relatively rare. This article aims to establish and evaluate rat model of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using antibiotics Methods: Eighty four female SD rats were divided into A-G group according to the dosage and method of antibiotics, among which group A was the control group and others were treated groups. The drug was stopped on the 7th day, the modeling period was 1-7 days, and the recovery period was 8-15 days. Half of the animals were dissected on 11th day and the other animals were dissected on 15th day. Record the food and water intake, body weight, and fecal weight for 2 hours on different days. Number of defecation of each rat was counted for analyzing diarrhea. Nine intestinal flora were analyzed by bacterial culture and three strains were analyzed by quantitative PCR. TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-6 and CRP in abdominal aorta blood were detected and analyzed. Colon and rectal tissues were pathologically examined for inflammation and scored. Results: Rat weight, food intake, water intake, and two-hour feces were significantly different (P = .04, .016, <. 001, .009). Compared with group A, there were significant differences in 9 kinds of flora in the experimental group (all P <.001). Significant diarrhea existed in B-G rats dependent on drug (all P<.001). Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Dialister invisus concentrations were analyzed by Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and showed significant differences in groups A, C, and F (p = .033). There were significant differences about TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-6 and CRP between the groups (all P<.001). The colonic and rectal pathological inflammation scores of other groups were significantly different from those of the control group (all P <.001). Conclusion: Specific antibiotic-induced enteritis model in SD rats is feasible.
CircRNA LRIG3 knockdown inhibits the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating miR-223-3p/MAP2K6 axis and inactivating MAPK/ERK pathway
Authors: Sun Hui , Zhai Junwei , Zhang Li , Chen Yingnan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, the roles and molecular mechanism of circRNA leucine-rich repeat immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 3 (circ_LRIG3) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been investigated.Methods: The expression levels of circ_LRIG3, microRNA-223-3p (miR-223-3p), and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MAP2K6) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Flow cytometry was applied to determine the cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and transwell assay, respectively. Western blot assay was employed to measure the protein levels of snail, E-cadherin, MAP2K6, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospho-MAPK (p-MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and phospho-ERKs (p-ERKs). The relationship between miR-223-3p and circ_LRIG3 or MAP2K6 was predicted by bioinformatics tools and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. A xenograft tumor model was established to confirm the functions of circ_LRIG3 in vivo.Results: Circ_LRIG3 and MAP2K6 expression were enhanced while miR-223-3p abundance was reduced in HCC tissues and cells. Knockdown of circ_LRIG3 inhibited the progression of HCC cells via reducing cell proliferation, metastasis and increasing apoptosis. MiR-223-3p was a target of circ_LRIG3 and its downregulation reversed the inhibitory effect of circ_LRIG3 knockdown on progression of HCC cells. Moreover, MAP2K6 could bind to miR-223-3p, and MAP2K6 upregulation also abolished the suppressive impact of circ_LRIG3 interference on progression of HCC cells. Additionally, silence of circ_LRIG3 suppressed the activation of MAPK/ERK pathway and tumor growth by upregulating miR-223-3p and downregulating MAP2K6.Conclusion: Circ_LRIG3 knockdown inhibited HCC progression through regulating miR-223-3p/MAP2K6 axis and inactivating MAPK/ERK pathway, providing a potential therapeutic approach for patients with HCC.
Factor structure and psychometric properties of a perceived barriers to physical activity scale for low-income teens
Authors: Li Cheng , Hullings Christy , Wang Wei , Keenan Debra Palmer 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite known benefits of health and well-being, high-school aged adolescents don’t engage in regular daily physical activity (PA). PA levels are lesser among low-income adolescents. One significant predictor of PA levels is perceived barriers, however, there is a lack of a valid and reliable scale to measure perceived barriers among the low-income adolescent population. The objective of this study was to develop a scale to assess perceived barriers to PA among these high-school aged, low-income adolescents. Methods: The Perceived Barriers to PA Survey for Low-Income Adolescents (PBPA-A) was developed using a mixed-method approach. Initially, 110 items were identified from pre-existing surveys and extensive literature review. These items were then tested using cognitive interviews (n=15) to ensure the wording clarity and appropriateness. Items were deleted and revised based on the feedback from the cognitive interviews. Then, a 2-week test-retest reliability was conducted with 105 adolescents to assess the scale’s consistency over time using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Items with ICC ≤ 0.4, indicating insufficient reliability, were deleted, as were those demonstrating a floor effect. Exploratory factor analysis (n=999) and confirmatory factor analysis (n=999) were used to explore and confirm the underlying structure of the remaining 73-item scale. Items with a loading of ≥0.4 were retained and internal consistencies for the whole scale and subscales were calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. Test-retest reliability was recalculated, and concurrent validity was tested in a sample of 1,998 adolescents against the pre-established physical activity questionnaire for adolescent (PAQ-A) using Spearman correlations.Results: The EFA yielded a 7-factor solution with 37 items, which was further cross-validated by CFA. The test-retest reliability was 0.75 for the whole scale and ranged from 0.65 to 0.81 for the subscales. As predicted, the PABA-A scale and subscales were negatively associated the PAQ-A score, indicating adolescents with higher perceived barriers had lower physical activity levels. Conclusions: The PBPA-A is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to measure perceived barriers among older, low-income adolescents to better understand the relationship between perceived barriers and PA in this population. Further research is warranted to validate the scale in other adolescent subgroups.
Effects of high-fat diet on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of respiratory tract through the glyoxylic acid cycle of pulmonary microbes and the intervention of saturated hydrogen
Authors: Qiu Xiangjie , Bajinka Ousman , Wang Lili , Wu Guojun , Tan Yurong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background High fat diet is extensively studied to be associated with trending metabolic diseases. In addition to type 2 diabetes and hypertension, high fat diet is strongly associated with asthma and other respiratory diseases among children however, the pathogenicity regarding these pulmonary diseases begs for extensive research. This study investigated the mechanism of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of respiratory tract, induced by changes in lung microecology with the intake of high-fat diet. 80 five-week-old C57BL6/J male mice were randomly divided into normal control group, normal hydrogen group, high-fat group and high-fat hydrogen group, making 20 mice in each group. The weight of the mice were measured on weekly basis. 6 mice from each group were executed at every second week. Blood sample was collected for lipid testing, lung tissues were collected for 16SrRNA gene sequencing, HE staining, immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).Results Compared with the normal diet group, mice on the high-fat diet group showed increased inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased expression of e-cadherin (E-cad) and increased expression of Twist. There were significant differences in the composition of bacteria in the lung, and the expression of isocitrate lyase (ICL) gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii , which were significantly associated with asthma were seen with a significant increasing trend. After the treatment of saturated hydrogen, the changes in lung microbial population, lung tissue infiltration of inflammatory cells and the transformation of epithelial stroma caused by high-fat diet were moderately alleviated.Conclusion High fat diet can affect the process of airway epithelial stroma by altering the glyoxylate cycle of pulmonary microbes while the pathological process are alleviated by saturated hydrogen by acting on glyoxylate cycle.
Impact of take-home messages written into slide presentations delivered during lectures on the retention of messages and the residents’ knowledge: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Lautrette Alexandre , Boyer Alexandre , Gruson Didier , Argaud Laurent , Schwebel Carole , Tardy Bernard , Vignon Philippe , Megarbane Bruno , Schoeffler Pierre , Chabrot Pascal , Schmidt Jeannot , Boirie Yves , Guerin Claude , Darmon Michael , Klouche Kada , Souweine Bertrand , Dellamonica Jean , Pereira Bruno 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Lectures with slide presentations are widely used to teach evidence-based medicine to large groups. Take-home messages (THMs) are poorly identified and recollected by students. We investigated whether an instruction to list THMs in written form on slides would improve the retention thereof by residents, and the residents’ level of knowledge, one month after lectures.Methods Prospective blinded randomized controlled study was conducted. Twelve lectures (6 control and 6 intervention lectures) were delivered to 73 residents. For the intervention lectures, the lecturers were instructed to incorporate clear written THMs into their slide presentations. The outcomes were ability of resident to recollect THMs delivered during a lecture (as assessed by accordance rate between the lecturers’ and residents’ THMs) and knowledge (as assessed by multiple choice questions (MCQs)).Results Data for 3,738 residents’ THMs and 3,410 MCQs were analyzed. The intervention did not significantly increase the number of THMs written on slides (77% (n=20/26), 95% CI 56–91 vs 64% (n=18/28), 95% CI 44–81, p = 0.31) nor THMs retention (13% (n=238/1791), 95% CI 12–15 vs 17% (n=326/1947), 95% 15–18, p = 0.40) nor knowledge (63.8 ±26.2 vs 61.1 ±31.4 /100 points, p = 0.75). In multivariable analyses, superior knowledge was associated with notetaking during lectures (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.41–2.51) and THMs retention (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.54–3.04); and THMs retention was associated with written THMs (OR 2.94, 95% CI 2.20–3.93).Conclusions In lectures delivered to residents, a third of the THMs were not in written form, even though the teachers were instructed to incorporate written THMs into their slide presentations. However, there is a strong positive association between writing THMs on a slide, retention of THMs and residents’ knowledge.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01795651 (Fev 21, 2013)
Evaluation of current situation in career development and training of teaching physician
Authors: Yang Ye , Sang Lin Wei , Xia Yang Jia , Bao Wei , Yang Bin Yong , Xu Jie Sheng , Li Li Yan , Liu Wei , Wu Fang Su 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Extreme competition for grant funding or publications to gain career promotion in affiliated hospital has outsized negative effects on doctor to gain career promotion in China these years. This research seeks to explore the relationships between evaluation of teaching physician and their actual aptitude towards career promotion.Methods: This study was offered to all teachers and medical students at Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University. A web-based survey was conducted to identify individuals’ aptitude to teaching physician. A total of 140 participants entered and finished the study. Questions consisted of how teaching physician is assessed, the percentage of clinical, scientific work and teaching grant funding/awards/publications of teaching physician as well as attitude towards training in teaching.Results: Teaching physicians tried to satisfy scientific research or grant funding/awards/publications requirements and failed to apply time on teaching, thus affect the teaching quality. Teaching training can serve as an approach to ensure career growth and advancement in medical education. Teaching physicians should be equipped with teaching skills and educational administration in teaching curriculum development.Conclusions: We recommend the outstanding teaching physician should not only be equipped with clinical skills, but also be full of teaching enthusiasm and methods as well as improved the quality of teaching through training.
Perceived educational impact of the medical student long case: a qualitative study
Authors: Tey Corinne , Chiavaroli Neville , Ryan Anna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND The long case is a traditional method of clinical assessment which has fallen out of favour in certain contexts, primarily due to psychometric concerns. This study explored the long case’s educational impact, an aspect which has been neglected in previous research. METHODS Three focus groups of medical students (20 in total) and semi-structured interviews of six examiners were conducted. Cook and Lineberry’s framework for exploring educational impact was used as a sensitising tool during thematic analysis of the data. RESULTS Participants described the long case and its scoring as having influence on student learning. Engaging in the activity of a long case had an essential role in fostering students’ clinical skills and served as a powerful driving force for them to spend time with patients. The long case was seen as authentic, and the only assessment to promote a holistic approach to patients. Students had concerns about inter-case variability, but there was general consensus that the long case was valuable, with allocation of marks being an important motivator for students. CONCLUSIONS This study offers a unique focus on the traditional long case’s educational consequences; the extent of its positive impact would support its place within a program of assessment.
Total Knee Arthroplasty with and without Tourniquet: Comparative study
Authors: Hamawandi Sherwan , Amin Hazhar I. , Al-Humairi Ameer Kadhim 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The use of tourniquet during complete knee arthroplasty (TKA) improves protection and reduces blood loss intraoperative. Turniquet use, however, may also have a negative impact after TKA on early recovery of muscle strength and lower extremity function. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of tourniquet use in TKA on surgery length, need for blood transfusion, and amount of postoperative blood drainage by suction drain, incidence of postoperative wound hematoma, postoperative thigh pain, and early mobilization.Methods: Seventy Patients are involved in this study and were divided into two groups; Group A (35) patients were treated with TKA with pneumatic thigh tourniquet. Group B (35) patients were treated with TKA without tourniquet. All patients were suffering from severe knee osteoarthritis and they failed to respond to conservative treatment so they are candidates for primary TKA. The two groups are matched related to age and gender. Selection of patients into two groups done randomly with regard of odd number for group A and even number for group B.Results: The results showed no significant difference regarding age, gender ,postoperative DVT and wound hematoma between group A (when tourniquet was used) and group B (when tourniquet was not used) although we have 2 patients developed DVT and 3 patients had wound hematoma in group A but these are statistically not significant. Regarding post-operative VAS for thigh pain was significantly less in group B and this will result in early mobilization. Also there was significant difference in duration of surgery between two groups with less time in group A due to bloodless field of tourniquet while there was significantly more postoperative drainage amount of blood through the surgical drains in group A and significantly more amount of blood transfusion perioperatively in group B which explain that tourniquet can reduce the total amount of blood loss in TKA.Conclusion: There is significant effect of tourniquet in TKA on thigh pain postoperatively, which will effect postoperative mobilization and rehabilitation. Also the tourniquet can result in significant reduction in time of operation, total blood loss and amount of blood transfusion.Trial registration: NCT, NCT04130009. Registered 17 October 2019 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/NCT04130009
The natural history of traumatic femur head necrosis after femoral neck fracture in children and adolescent: a retrospective case series of 64 patients
Authors: Yang Fan , Tu Yonggang , Hong Zhinan , Pang Fengxiang , He Wei , Wei Qiushi , Li Ziqi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The natural history of traumatic femur head necrosis (TFHN) after femoral neck fracture (FNF) in children and adolescent is relatively unknown and has never been specifically characterized. As we speculated, the natural history in such population would be poor and characterized as the high risk of femoral head collapse, hip deformity and degeneration in a short term. Methods: This retrospective case series enrolled 64 children and adolescent with TFHN who treated with observational treatment from 2000.1 to 2018.1. The primary outcomes, such as the progression of femoral head collapse, hip deformity (Stulberg classification) and hip degeneration (Tönnis grade), and their prognostic factors were analysed. Results: 42 males and 22 females with a mean age of 13 years (6-16 years), were included. A total of 28 hips (44%) showed unsatisfactory outcome and Twenty-five (39%) hips collapsed progressively during a mean follow-up of 48 months (24-203 months). Finally, 38 hips (59%) experienced hip deformity, 20 of them were class IV/V. 34 hips (53%) generally progressed to osteoarthritis, 14 of them were classified as grades II/III. The location of the lesion and the presence of lateral subluxation were found to be independently related to progression of femoral head collapse; however, the presence of lateral subluxation was the only independent risk factor of severe hip deformity and degeneration. Conclusion: TFHN in children and adolescent is a rapidly progressing disease with a poor natural history characterized by a high risk of femoral head collapse progression. If the lateral subluxation emerged, collapsed cases showed increasingly tendency towards severe hip deformity and degeneration.
Retrospective comparative study of arthroscopy assisted loop-plate suture technique and a Hook plate for the treatment of distal clavicle fractures
Authors: Wang Hui , Cai Guiquan , Li De , Wang Chenglong , Zhang Jiahong , He Jiye , Wang Dongliang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Abstract
Purpose To compare the clinical effects of hook plate and AALS technique in the treatment of acute Neer II distal clavicular fracture.
Methods 33 patients with Neer II distal clavicular fracture were included in this study. 15 patients were treated internal fixation with clavicular hook plate. 18 patients underwent fracture reduction with AALS technique. Constant-Murley and VAS scores were used to evaluate shoulder joint function and pain degree during follow-up. Karlsson score and shoulder joint X-ray was used to evaluate patients' satisfaction and the loss of reduction respectively.
Results There were significant differences in amount of bleeding, Constant-Murley score and Karlsson score between these two groups (P<0.05). In the AALS group, we observed 3 cases with rotator cuff injury, 1 case with labrum injury during the operation. Two patients in AALS group had slight loss of reduction, but with no requirement of removal of internal fixation owing to discomfort. In hook plate group, 5 patients complained discomfort in shoulder movement and limited function after operation. At the last follow-up, 3 patients suffered from subacromial osteolysis accompanied by acromial impingement pain, and 2 patients with mild reduction loss.
Conclusion For patients with Neer IIB distal clavicle fracture, AALS technique is superior to hook plate in shoulder joint function recovery and pain performance after operation, which is probably a novel reliable choice.
Impact of Mouse Strain and Sex when Modeling Radiation Necrosis
Authors: Boria Andrew J. , Perez-Torres Carlos 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Murine models are among the most common type of preclinical animal models used to study the human condition, but a wide selection of different mice is currently in use with these differences potentially compromising study results and impairing the ability to reconcile interstudy results. Our goal was to determine how the train and sex of the mice selection would affect the development of radiation necrosis in our murine model of radiation-induced cerebral necrosis.Methods: We generated this model by using a preclinical irradiator to irradiate a sub-hemispheric portion of the brain of mice with single-fraction doses of 80 Gy. Eight possible combinations of mice made up of two different with two substrains each(BALB/cN, BALB/cJ, C57BL/6N, and C57BL/6J) and both sexes were irradiated in this study. Radiation necrosis development was tracked up to eight weeks with a 7T Bruker MRI utilizing T2-weighted and post-contrast T1-weighted imaging. MRI results were compared to and validated with the use of histology which utilized a scale from 0-3 in ascending order of damage.Results: Both time post-irradiation and strain (BALB/c vs C57BL/6) were significant factors affecting radiation necrosis development. Sex was in general not a statistically significant parameter in terms of radiation necrosis development.Conclusion: Mouse strain thus need to be considered when evaluating the results of necrosis models. However, sex does not appear to be a variable needing major consideration.