bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An artificial intelligence-based deep learning algorithm for the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy using corneal confocal microscopy: a development and validation study
Authors: Williams Bryan M. , Borroni Davide , Liu Rongjun , Zhao Yitian , Zhang Jiong , Lim Jonathan , Ma Baikai , Romano Vito , Qi Hong , Ferdousi Maryam , Petropoulos Ioannis N. , Ponirakis Georgios , Kaye Stephen , Malik Rayaz A. , Alam Uazman , Zheng Yalin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims/hypothesisCorneal confocal microscopy is a rapid non-invasive ophthalmic imaging technique that identifies peripheral and central neurodegenerative disease. Quantification of corneal sub-basal nerve plexus morphology, however, requires either time-consuming manual annotation or a less-sensitive automated image analysis approach. We aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence-based, deep learning algorithm for the quantification of nerve fibre properties relevant to the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy and to compare it with a validated automated analysis program, ACCMetrics.MethodsOur deep learning algorithm, which employs a convolutional neural network with data augmentation, was developed for the automated quantification of the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus for the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy. The algorithm was trained using a high-end graphics processor unit on 1698 corneal confocal microscopy images; for external validation, it was further tested on 2137 images. The algorithm was developed to identify total nerve fibre length, branch points, tail points, number and length of nerve segments, and fractal numbers. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken to determine the AUC for ACCMetrics and our algorithm for the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficients for our algorithm were superior to those for ACCMetrics for total corneal nerve fibre length (0.933 vs 0.825), mean length per segment (0.656 vs 0.325), number of branch points (0.891 vs 0.570), number of tail points (0.623 vs 0.257), number of nerve segments (0.878 vs 0.504) and fractals (0.927 vs 0.758). In addition, our proposed algorithm achieved an AUC of 0.83, specificity of 0.87 and sensitivity of 0.68 for the classification of participants without (n= 90) and with (n= 132) neuropathy (defined by the Toronto criteria).Conclusions/interpretationThese results demonstrated that our deep learning algorithm provides rapid and excellent localisation performance for the quantification of corneal nerve biomarkers. This model has potential for adoption into clinical screening programmes for diabetic neuropathy.Data availabilityThe publicly shared cornea nerve dataset (dataset 1) is available athttp://bioimlab.dei.unipd.it/Corneal%20Nerve%20Tortuosity%20Data%20Set.htmandhttp://bioimlab.dei.unipd.it/Corneal%20Nerve%20Data%20Set.htm.
Effects of temperature on carbon circulation in macroalgal food webs are mediated by herbivores
Authors: Ito Maysa , Scotti Marco , Franz Markus , Barboza Francisco R. , Buchholz Björn , Zimmer Martin , Guy-Haim Tamar , Wahl Martin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Warming is one of the most dramatic aspects of climate change and threatens future ecosystem functioning. It may alter primary productivity and thus jeopardize carbon sequestration, a crucial ecosystem service provided by coastal environments. Fucus vesiculosus is an important canopy-forming macroalga in the Baltic Sea, and its main consumer is Idotea balthica. The objective of this study is to understand how temperature impacts a simplified food web composed of macroalgae and herbivores to quantify the effect on organic carbon storage. The organisms were exposed to a temperature gradient from 5 to 25 °C. We measured and modeled primary production, respiration, growth and epiphytic load on the surface of Fucus and respiration, growth and egestion of Idotea. The results show that temperature affects physiological responses of Fucus and Idotea separately. However, Idotea proved more sensitive to increasing temperatures than the primary producers. The lag between the collapse of the grazer and the decline of Fucus and epiphytes above 20 °C allows an increase of carbon storage of the primary productivity at higher temperatures. Therefore, along the temperature gradient, the simplified food web stores carbon in a non-monotonic way (reaching minimum at 20 °C). Our work stresses the need of considering the combined metabolic performance of all organisms for sound predictions on carbon circulation in food webs.
Fish stable isotope community structure of a Bahamian coral reef
Authors: Zhu Yiou , Newman Steven P. , Reid William D. K. , Polunin Nicholas V. C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStable isotopes have provided important insight into the trophic structure and interaction in many ecosystems, but to date have scarcely been applied to the complex food webs of coral reefs. We sampled white muscle tissues from the fish species composing 80% of the biomass in the 4–512 g body mass range at Cape Eleuthera (the Bahamas) in order to examine isotopic niches characterised by δ13C and δ15N data and explore whether fish body size is a driver of trophic position based on δ15N. We found the planktivore isotopic niche was distinct from those of the other trophic guilds suggesting the unique isotopic baseline of pelagic production sources. Other trophic guilds showed some level of overlap among them especially in the δ13C value which is attributable to source omnivory. Surprising features of the isotopic niches included the benthivoreHalichoeres pictus, herbivoresAcanthurus coeruleusandCoryphopterus personatusand omnivoreThalassoma bifasciatumbeing close to the planktivore guild, while the piscivoreAulostomus maculatuscame within the omnivore and herbivore ellipses. These characterisations contradicted the simple trophic categories normally assigned to these species. δ15N tended to increase with body mass in most species, and at community level, the linear δ15N–log2body mass relationship pointing to a mean predator–prey mass ratio of 1047:1 and a relatively long food chain compared with studies in other aquatic systems. This first demonstration of a positive δ15N–body mass relationship in a coral reef fish community suggested that the Cape Eleuthera coral reef food web was likely supported by one main pathway and bigger reef fishes tended to feed at higher trophic position. Such finding is similar to other marine ecosystems (e.g. North Sea).
Stepwise Approach for Parathyroid Localisation in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Korwar Vijay , Yuen Chang Fernando , Teasdale Ella , Suchett‐Kaye Ivo , Edwards Anusha , Morgan Justin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionPrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a relatively common condition in surgical practice. Availability of localisation studies has shifted the treatment from bilateral neck exploration to selective parathyroidectomy. Several imaging modalities, each with varying sensitivities, are available to detect abnormal parathyroid glands. Ultrasound is almost universally accepted as the first line radiological investigation however its sensitivity is particularly heterogeneous and operator‐dependent.Material and methodsWe studied 250 consecutive patients with PHPT who underwent parathyroidectomy in our hospital over a period of 33 months. Pre‐operative neck ultrasound, 99mTc‐sestamibi and single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT CT) were performed in 249, 237 and 198 patients respectively. Unilateral and bilateral neck exploration was performed in 190 and 60 patients, respectively. Sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and accuracy were calculated comparing the results with surgical and pathology findings.ResultsMean pre and postoperative PTH and adjusted calcium were, 11 ± 10.6 pmol/L, 1.9 ± 3.6, 2.81 ± 0.2 and 2.45 ± 0.2 mmol/L. There were 71 (29.95%) discordant results between US, compared to sestamibi and SPECT CT. An average of 1.9 parathyroid glands were removed with a mean weight of 0.92 g. Overall success rate based on postoperative PTH levels was 94.8%. Overall sensitivity, PPV and accuracy for US were 80.80%, 92.35%, and 75.73% respectively; for sestamibi were 71.82%, 94.61%, 69.00% and for SPECT CT were; 70.21%, 97.78%, 69.11% respectively.ConclusionUltrasound performed by an experienced specialist sonographer is highly sensitive in localising abnormal parathyroid glands. It can be used as a main and sole investigation in the majority of patients. Sestamibi, SPECT CT and other investigations should be performed in a step‐wise manner and reserved for patients with negative US, failed primary procedure and recurrences.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Severity of Postoperative Ileus After Colorectal Surgery: A Prospective Registry Data Analysis
Authors: Venara A. , Meillat H. , Cotte E. , Ouaissi M. , Duchalais E. , Mor‐Martinez C. , Wolthuis A. , Regimbeau J. M. , Ostermann S. , Hamel J. F. , Joris J. , Slim K. ,   the GRACE Collaborative Group For Ileus Study, Chapuis O , Guignard B , Saint Denis M , Sirieix D , Arimont JM , Figuet S , Milou F , Hail K , Kothonidis K , Faucheron JL , Sage PY , Mauvais F , Rio D , Guiot JL , Poincenot J , Cuellar E , Luyer M , Boudewijn S , Aumont O , Dupre A , Poiblanc M , Sens N , Brigand C , Steinmetz JP , Plumereau F , Mathonnet M , Christou N , Ortega‐Deballon P , Vauclair E , Bozio G , Fernoux P , Massard JL , Bellouard A , de la Fontaine C , Finianos A , Michaud P , Bossard AE , Denet C , Grigoriu M , Kattou F , Gignoux B , Verrier JF , Raspado O , Arnalsteen L , Lamblin A , Dolbeau JB , Auvray S , Lammens S , Leporrier J , Sirisier F , Dileon S 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundDefining severe postoperative ileus in terms of consequences could help physicians standardize the management of this condition. The recently described classification based on consequences requires further investigation. The aim of this study was to obtain a snapshot of postoperative ileus in patients undergoing colorectal surgery within enhanced recovery programs and to identify factors associated with non‐severe and severe postoperative ileus.MethodsThis prospective registry data analysis was conducted in 40 centers in five different countries. A total of 786 patients scheduled for colorectal surgery within enhanced recovery programs were included. The primary endpoint was the incidence rate of postoperative ileus as defined by Vather et al.ResultsA total of 121 patients experienced postoperative ileus (15.4%). Non‐severe POI occurred in 48 patients (6.1%), and severe postoperative ileus occurred in 73 patients (9.3%). In multivariate analysis, the male gender and intra‐abdominal complications were associated with severe postoperative ileus: odd ratio (OR) = 2.03 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–3.59], p = 0.01 and OR = 3.60 [95% CI 1.75–7.40], p < 0.0001, respectively. Conversely, open laparotomy and urinary retention were associated with non‐severe POI: OR = 3.03 [95% CI 1.37–6.72], p = 0.006 and OR = 2.70 [95% CI 0.89–8.23], p = 0.08, respectively.ConclusionsPostoperative ileus occurred in 15% of patients after colorectal surgery within enhanced recovery programs. For 60% of patients, this was considered severe. The physiopathology of these two entities could be different, severe POI being linked to intraabdominal complication, while non‐severe POI being linked with risk factors for “primary” POI. The physician should pay attention to male patients having POI after colorectal surgery and look for features evocating intraabdominal complications.
All’s well? Comparing on- and off-site pollen samples and exploring the potential of pollen from man-made contexts
Authors: van Amerongen Yvonne F. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Pollen analysis has long been used as a tool to make an assessment of regional vegetation. On-site pollen samples are taken for the same purpose at some excavations, because they are often the only available contexts with good preservation conditions. This paper shows that the analysis of on- and off-site pollen samples from the same region (West Frisia, the Netherlands) and time period (Dutch Bronze Age; ca. 2000–800 bc) can give very conflicting results on the type and amount of regional vegetation, in this case forest cover. Reasons for this discrepancy are discussed in relation to the use of on-site contexts by people in the past, as well as their location within a settlement. Furthermore, the potential of these contexts for the assessment of locally performed subsistence-related activities is outlined. New research directions are required to test this potential, so that wells and other man-made pollen traps can become a valuable future tool for reconstructing the past.
Using micro-computed tomography to examine the larynx in cases of suspected strangulation—a comparison of case findings and control images
Authors: Baier Waltraud , Burnett Brian A. , Payne Mark , Warnett Jason M. , Williams Mark A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe examination of strangulation is one of the most challenging causes of death diagnoses encountered in forensic pathology. The injuries are often subtle and difficult to detect, especially in cases that lack superficial marks. Fractures of the laryngeal skeleton are commonly regarded as evidence of strangulation but these can be too subtle to be detected during autopsy. Micro-CT is a novel imaging technique that achieves a spatial resolution 1 μm or less which lends itself to the examination of small and delicate structures such as the larynx. However, there is little information to date regarding the appearance of the larynx at this scale, thus complicating the interpretation of the micro-CT images. This study therefore uses micro-CT to examine ten larynges from strangulation deaths and to compare them to nineteen samples from donor individuals in order to distinguish between naturally occurring features and actual trauma. It was found that there are several features which mimic damage in the donor group. Using associated case information, initial trends and patterns of different strangulation methods were established.
Functional outcome after recurrent patellar dislocation
Authors: Keilani Mohammad , Palma Stefano , Crevenna Richard , Gaudart Camilla , Hasenöhrl Timothy , Reschl Martin , Huto Nadine , Hajdu Stefan , Widhalm Harald K. 
Published: November 2019

Summary

Background
There is no final consensus regarding the ideal surgical technique for the treatment of patellar dislocation. The aim of this retrospective pilot study was to describe muscle strength, body composition, self-reported physical performance, and pain in male patients after patellar dislocation treatment with two different surgical techniques: medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction vs. the Elmslie-Trillat procedure.

Methods
Isokinetic testing of knee extensor muscles was performed using a Biodex System 3 pro dynamometer at an angular velocity of 60°/s. Body composition was measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis (Nutribox). Self-reported physical performance and pain were assessed by the SF-36 subscales of physical functioning, role physical and bodily pain. The outcome variables of peak torque normalized to participant’s body mass (Nm/kg), lean body mass, phase angle, self-reported physical performance, and pain were compared between the study groups.

Results
Of the 12 included male patients, 6 had been treated with MPFL reconstruction (age: median = 33 years, range = 18–38 years; BMI: median = 26 kg/m2, range = 23–29) and 6 with the Elmslie-Trillat procedure (age: median = 26 years, range = 19–32 years; BMI: median = 23 kg/m2, range = 19–28). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in any outcome parameter of muscle strength, body composition, self-reported physical performance, or pain.

Conclusions
The results of the present pilot study revealed that MPFL reconstruction shows equal results to the Elmslie-Trillat procedure, with respect to isokinetic knee muscle strength, body composition, self-reported physical performance and pain in male patients suffering from recurrent patellar dislocation.
Viability of pico- and nanophytoplankton in the Baltic Sea during spring
Authors: Vanharanta Mari , Elovaara Samu , Franklin Daniel J. , Spilling Kristian , Tamelander Tobias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhytoplankton cell death is an important process in marine food webs, but the viability of natural phytoplankton communities remains unexplored in many ecosystems. In this study, we measured the viability of natural pico- and nanophytoplankton communities in the central and southern parts of the Baltic Sea (55°21′ N, 17°06′ E–60°18′ N, 19°14′ E) during spring (4th–15th April 2016) to assess differences among phytoplankton groups and the potential relationship between cell death and temperature, and inorganic nutrient availability. Cell viability was determined by SYTOX Green cell staining and flow cytometry at a total of 27 stations representing differing hydrographic regimes. Three general groups of phytoplankton (picocyanobacteria, picoeukaryotes, and nanophytoplankton) were identified by cytometry using pigment fluorescence and light scatter characteristics. The picocyanobacteria and picoeukaryotes had significantly higher cell viability than the nanophytoplankton population at all depths throughout the study area. Viability correlated positively with the photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II) as measured on the total phytoplankton community. However, an anticipated correlation with dissolved organic carbon was not observed. We found that the abiotic factors suggested to affect phytoplankton viability in other marine ecosystems were not as important in the Baltic Sea, and other biotic processes, e.g. processes related to species succession could have a more pronounced role.
The Association of Trait Mindfulness and Self-compassion with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms: Results from a Large Survey with Treatment-Seeking Adults
Authors: Leeuwerik Tamara , Cavanagh Kate , Strauss Clara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Little is known about the role of mindfulness and self-compassion in obsessive-compulsive disorder. This cross-sectional study examined associations of mindfulness and self-compassion with obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and with the obsessive beliefs and low distress tolerance thought to maintain them. Samples of treatment-seeking adults (N = 1871) and non-treatment-seeking adults (N = 540) completed mindfulness, self-compassion, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, depression, obsessive beliefs and distress tolerance questionnaires. Participants with clinically significant obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms reported lower trait mindfulness and self-compassion compared to participants with clinically significant anxiety/depression and to non-clinical controls. Among the clinical sample, there were medium-large associations between mindfulness and self-compassion and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, obsessive beliefs and distress tolerance. Mindfulness and self-compassion were unique predictors of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, controlling for depression severity. Once effects of obsessive beliefs and distress tolerance were controlled, a small effect remained for mindfulness (facets) on obsessing symptoms and for self-compassion on washing and checking symptoms. Directions for future research and clinical implications are considered in conclusion.
The buzz before business: a design science study of a sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem
Authors: O’Shea Gregory , Farny Steffen , Hakala Henri 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper examines how entrepreneurial opportunities co-evolve within a sustainable entrepreneurship ecosystem (SEE). Most of the literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems falls short on integrating the entrepreneurial process in empirical research. To analyze data collected from pre-start-up teams within a nascent SEE on high-tech cellulose-based materials over 3 years, we apply a design science approach that helps understand actors’ collaborative sensemaking in designing and structuring ecosystem features and relationships. Our findings show that the SEE can be seen as a design artifact which evolves by ecosystem actors collectively engaging in new venture ideation and developing opportunity confidence. Furthermore, the paper presents a novel SEE framework, which elaborates on phases and enablers of the opportunity co-evolution process within an emerging ecosystem. We contribute to the literature on sustainable as well as general entrepreneurial ecosystems and offer a new theoretical foundation for a process view on ecosystems.
Icephobic Behaviour and Thermal Stability of Flame-Sprayed Polyethylene Coating: The Effect of Process Parameters
Authors: Donadei Valentina , Koivuluoto Heli , Sarlin Essi , Vuoristo Petri 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The present work investigates the effect of different process parameters on the production of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) coatings by flame spray technology. Previously, flame spraying of polymers has been successfully performed to obtain durable icephobic coatings, providing an interesting solution for applications facing icing problems, e.g. in marine, aviation, energy, and transportation industry. However, the fine tailoring of the process parameters represents a necessary strategy for optimising the coating production due to the unique thermal properties of each polymer. For this purpose, we vary the heat input of the process during flame spraying of the coating, by changing the transverse speed and the spraying distance. The results show that the variation in the process parameters strongly influenced the quality of the polymer coating, including its areal roughness, thickness, chemical composition, thermal stability, and degree of crystallinity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these properties significantly affect the icephobic behaviour of the surface within the spray window of the chosen parameters. In conclusion, the relationship between the thermal degradation of the polymer and the icephobicity of the surface was defined. This highlights the importance of process parameter optimisation in order to achieve the desired icephobic performance of the LPDE coatings.