bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of Lignin Coniferaldehyde Residues for Plant Properties and Sustainable Uses
Authors: Yamamoto Masanobu , Blaschek Leonard , Subbotina Elena , Kajita Shinya , Pesquet Edouard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIncreases in coniferaldehyde content, a minor lignin residue, significantly improves the sustainable use of plant biomass for feed, pulping, and biorefinery without affecting plant growth and yields. Herein, different analytical methods are compared and validated to distinguish coniferaldehyde from other lignin residues. It is shown that specific genetic pathways regulate amount, linkage, and position of coniferaldehyde within the lignin polymer for each cell type. This specific cellular regulation offers new possibilities for designing plant lignin for novel and targeted industrial uses.
Data analytics in wireless systems and IoT issues and challenges
Authors: Krishna P. Venkata , Yenduri Sumanth , Ariwa Ezendu 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe emergence of data engineering along with the support of Online Social Networks is growing by millions every day due to the introduction of wireless systems and Internet of Things. The rapid growth of usage of smart devices helps to create new generation knowledge sharing platforms. Data Analytics has a major role to play in the growth and success of wireless and IoT applications. The growth of data has become exponential and is difficult to analyze. Many researchers depend on the data available on Wireless Systems and IoT for developing new generation services and applications. With the opportunity of information and communication technologies like heterogeneous networking, cloud computing, web services, crowd sensing and data mining, ubiquitous and asynchronous information sharing is feasible. But this also brings out a lot of provocations with respect to conflicting standards, data portability, data aggregation, data distribution, differential context and communication overhead. The smart information and communication technology has changed many features of human lifestyle: personal and work places.
Dimensionality determination of unknown deployed underwater sensor network (UWSN) using cost function
Authors: Afrin Nadia , Anower Shamim , Islam Monirul 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis paper proposes a novel estimation technique for dimensionality of deployed underwater sensor network (UWSN). In order to obtain the dimension, probing requests are sent from two anchor nodes (i.e., receivers), which are placed inside the network through buoy, to sensor nodes. Then, the sensor nodes transmit Gaussian signal as feedback to the anchor nodes. The cross‐correlation function (CCF) is determined of these Gaussian signals, which varies according to network dimension. As reference, analytical CCF of five reference networks of different dimensions is determined. Thereafter, by comparing the CCFs of unknown and reference UWSN, cost function (CF) is obtained. The lowest value of CF attained by the specific combination of the one reference and the unknown network indicates that the dimension of these networks is identical. The dimension of two unknown deployed networks is investigated to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique. From the illustrated results, it is justified that the new strategy can provide correct information about the dimension of the deployed network.
The effect of antiretroviral therapy on fine‐needle aspiration of salivary gland masses in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Coleman‐Eghan Amanda Ama , Michelow Pamela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSouth Africa has a very high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. Salivary gland lesions are common in HIV‐infected patients. The aim of this study was to determine the pathologic entities diagnosed on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of salivary gland masses in an HIV‐infected study population that now has free access to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy and how this differs from the pathologic entities before the advent of widespread ARV availability, and if the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC) can be applied to HIV‐infected patients.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on confirmed HIV‐infected patients who underwent FNA of salivary gland masses over a two‐year period.ResultsA total of 360 patients underwent FNA of salivary gland masses within the designated time frame, 58.3% (210) females and 41.7% (150) males. Patient ages ranged from 7 months to 67 years with a mean age of 36.9 years. The parotid gland was the most biopsied salivary gland at 55.3% (199). The most common diagnosis made in patients on antiviral therapy was lymphoepithelial cyst while that in patients not on antiviral therapy was infectious (including abscess and mycobacterial infection). The most frequent neoplasms were non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, pleomorphic adenoma and squamous‐cell carcinoma.ConclusionPatients on ARV therapy had higher CD4 counts, fewer infectious lesions, and more reactive and benign salivary gland lesions. Patients not on treatment had significantly lower CD4 counts and were frequently diagnosed with infectious processes. The MSRSGC is well‐suited for use in HIV‐infected patients.
On the protective role of identification with a stigmatized identity: Promoting engagement and discouraging disengagement coping strategies
Authors: Bourguignon David , Teixeira Catia P. , Koc Yasin , Outten H. Robert , Faniko Klea , Schmitt Michael T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe examined the mechanisms by which ingroup identification impacts well‐being in stigmatized groups. Studies 1–3a were conducted among gay people in Europe and North America. Among gay people, the results suggest identification with homosexuals protected well‐being via a decrease in self‐group distancing (Studies 1–3a, N = 1,055). Other coping strategies were associated with identification but had no relationship with well‐being. Identification was positively related to engagement coping strategies (i.e., collective action, group affirmation and ingroup support), and negatively related to disengagement strategies (i.e., ingroup blaming and avoidance of discrimination). Study 3b examined these mechanisms among Black Americans (N = 203). Again, identification was positively related to engagement coping, and negatively to disengagement; however, only collective action (positively) predicted well‐being. Results are discussed in terms of how the effectiveness of different strategies for coping with stigma will differ depending on features of the intergroup context, such as the level of permeability of intergroup boundaries.
Fiber‐based hysteretic model for simulating strength and stiffness deterioration of steel hollow structural section columns under cyclic loading
Authors: Suzuki Yusuke , Lignos Dimitrios G. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAn efficient component model has been developed that captures strength and stiffness deterioration of steel hollow structural section (HSS) columns. The proposed model consists of two fiber‐based segments at a member's ends along with an elastic segment in between. The fibers exhibit nonlinear uniaxial stress–strain behavior, which is explicitly defined by uniaxial monotonic tensile and cyclic round coupon tests. The postbuckling behavior of an HSS column is traced through a proposed uniaxial effective stress–strain constitutive formulation, which includes a softening branch in compression and an energy‐based deterioration rule to trace the influence of cyclic deterioration in the inelastic cyclic straining. These may be inferred by uniaxial stub‐column tests. The component model captures the coupling between the column axial force and flexural demands. Consistent model parameters for a number of steel materials used in the steel construction in North America and Japan are proposed along with the associated model calibration process. The efficiency of the proposed model in predicting the hysteretic behavior of HSS columns is demonstrated by comparisons with physical steel column tests subjected to various loading histories, including representative ones of ratcheting prior to earthquake‐induced collapse. The proposed model is implemented in an open‐source finite element software for nonlinear response history analysis of frame structures. The effectiveness of the proposed model in simulating dynamic instability of steel frame buildings is demonstrated through nonlinear response simulations of a four‐story steel frame building, which was tested at full‐scale through collapse. Limitations as well as suggestions for future work are discussed.
Platelet microparticles‐derived miR‐25‐3p promotes the hepatocyte proliferation and cell autophagy via reducing B‐cell translocation gene 2
Authors: Xu Yuyuan , Li Wenfei , Liang Guangyu , Peng Jie , Xu Xuwen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlatelets are critical regulators of liver regeneration, but the mechanisms are still not fully understood. Platelets have been shown to contain a wide variety of microRNAs (miRNAs) and play an important role in many diseases. However, the mechanism that how the platelet microparticles (PMPs)‐derived miRNA regulate the hepatocyte proliferation is not very clear. In this study, we have successfully isolated and identified PMPs. We also found that PMPs, which could be well integrated into the HHL‐5 cells, could upregulate the level of miR‐25‐3p in HHL‐5 cells. Meanwhile, we found that PMPs‐derived miR‐25‐3p promoted HHL‐5 cells proliferation by accelerating cells into the S phase, and enhanced the autophagy by increasing the LC3II expression and reducing the P62 expression. Then, we proved that the miR‐25‐3p could target the B‐cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) and downregulate the expression levels of the BTG2 gene in HHL‐5 cells. In addition, the overexpression of BTG2 significantly inhibited the proliferation and autophagy abilities of HHL‐5 cells, while cotransfected miR‐25‐3p mimics or PMPs could partially rescue HHL‐5 cells proliferation and autophagy. Furthermore, we proved that PMPs accelerated hepatocyte proliferation by regulating autophagy pathways. Therefore, PMPs‐derived miR‐25‐3p promoted HHL‐5 cell proliferation and autophagy by targeting BTG2, which may be a new therapeutic method for liver regeneration.
HIV/SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfection: A global perspective
Authors: Kanwugu Osman N. , Adadi Parise 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince its first appearance in Wuhan, China, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly spread throughout the world and has become a global pandemic. Several medical comorbidities have been identified as risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, it remains unclear whether people living with human immunodefeciency virus (PLWH) are at an increased risk of COVID‐19 and severe disease manifestation, with controversial suggestion that HIV‐infected individuals could be protected from severe COVID‐19 by means of antiretroviral therapy or HIV‐related immunosuppression. Several cases of coinfection with HIV and SARS‐CoV‐2 have been reported from different parts of the globe. This review seeks to provide a holistic overview of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in PLWH.
Analysis of the positive rate of 4254 cases of COVID‐19 nucleic acid tests in different aites in Wuhan, China
Authors: Deng Kebin , Li Hui , Ma Xin , Yu Bianbian , Yi Xinlin , Chen Ying , Tian Bo , Zhang Qing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere's an outbreak of coronavirus diesase 2019 (COVID‐19) since December 2019, first in Wuhan. It has caused huge medical challenges to Hubei Province with currently more than 67 thousand confirmed cases till 8th March 2020. Identification, there is no clinically effective drug. Isolation and masks are essential to limit human‐to‐human transmission initially. The nucleic acid test (NAT) of COVID‐19 currently was the most reliable established laboratory diagnosis method in clinical. From 8th February to 7th March 2020, 4254 cases were collected for analysis at six nucleic acid collection sites in the community medical team of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which cover almost all groups who need NAT in Wuhan. Distribution of positive rates in different sites by genders, ages, or occupations were compared. The positive rates of different sites from high to low were: hospital wards (24.71%) > fever clinics (16.57%) > nursing homes (5.51%) > isolation hotels (5.30%) > rehabilitation stations (1.36%) >close contact sites (0.17%). The confirmed patients in isolation hotels, hospital ward, and fever clinical were mainly middle‐aged and elderly, and most of them were women. The positive rate in isolation hotels and fever clinics gradually decreased over time. There were no significant differences between genders among those six nucleic acid collection sites (P < .05). The hospital wards have the highest positive rate; however, close contact sites have lowest one. Patients who are discharged from hospitals may still have potential risks. Middle‐aged and older people remain the focus of epidemic prevention and control.
Nine‐year trend of oral anticoagulant use in patients with embolic stroke due to nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Asahina Chisa , Umetani Ken , Sano Keita , Yano Toshiaki , Nakano Shin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are increasingly used as an alternative to warfarin in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). However, whether there is sufficient prescription of oral anticoagulants (OACs) to decrease the incidence of embolic stroke remains unclear.Methods and ResultsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018. During the 8 years, the annual incidence ratio of embolic stroke to all ischemic strokes did not decrease over time (21‐33%) except for that in 2018. The proportion of OAC users did not also change over time (from 23% to 45% [overall 31%], P = .78). Among the OAC users, 19% patients were warfarin users, and 12% patients were DOAC users. In 73% of warfarin users, prothrombin time was subtherapeutic, whereas in 60% of DOAC users, the dose was adequately prescribed. OACs were prescribed more often in patients with high CHADS2 score than in those with low score (P = .01). The number of patients who had no medical history of a doctor visit before admission increased significantly in the recent period of 2015‐2018 (22% vs 8% in the previous period of 2010‐2014) (P = .01).ConclusionsThe incidence of embolic stroke patients without OACs did not decrease over time, and OACs in patients with NVAF have not been sufficient, even in DOAC era. In recent years, the incidence of undiagnosed AF has increased. To prevent embolic stroke, a correct AF diagnosis beforehand is important.
Natural History of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey After Rhinoplasty
Authors: Kandathil Cherian K. , Saltychev Mikhail , Patel Priyesh N. , Most Sam P. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo explore the natural history of nasal obstruction and cosmesis following rhinoplasty by utilizing the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS).Study DesignRetrospective chart study.MethodsThis study was carried out at a tertiary referral center, preoperative and postoperative Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), SCHNOS‐Obstruction (SCHNOS‐O), and SCHNOS‐Cosmesis (SCHNOS‐C) scores in patients who underwent rhinoplasty for functional, cosmetic, or both reasons from June 2017 to May 2019 were reviewed and analyzed. Postoperative intervals were defined as <2 months, 2 to 5 months, 5 to 8 months, 8 to 12 months, and >12 months.ResultsA total of 302 patients (67% women), with a mean age (standard deviation [SD]) of 35 (13) years, who underwent rhinoplasty for functional (90, 30%), cosmetic (124, 41%), and combined functional and cosmetic (88, 29%) reasons, met inclusion criteria. The mean follow‐up period (SD, range) was 5 months (4.2 months, 13 days–1.8 years). Compared to the preoperative mean NOSE score, SCHNOS‐ O, and SCHNOS‐C scores, postoperative mean scores for the functional and combined subgroup were significantly lower (P < .05) across all five postoperative intervals. In the cosmetic subgroup, postoperative mean SCHNOS‐C scores were significantly lower (P < .05) across all postoperative intervals compared to the mean preoperative scores.ConclusionsThe natural history of the SCHNOS‐O and SCHNOS‐C score in patients who underwent rhinoplasty demonstrates 1) after functional rhinoplasty, an improvement in nasal breathing symptoms is attained as early as <2 months postoperatively; and 2) after cosmetic rhinoplasty, an improvement in nasal cosmesis is seen as early as <2 months postoperatively. These improvements in nasal breathing and cosmesis are sustained through a follow‐up interval >12 months.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E116–E123, 2021
Wireless‐Fog Mesh: A framework for in‐network computing of microservices in semipermanent smart environments
Authors: Ali Shabir , Pandey Mayank , Tyagi Neeraj 
Published: July 2020

SummaryLarge gathering events such as open air rock concerts and religious gatherings require a semipermanent communication and computation infrastructure for providing IoT‐based smart solutions. In these places, the installation of wired network is not a cost‐effective solution to provide connectivity. Wireless mesh network (WMN) presents itself as a quickly deployable and dismantable solution to provide wireless connectivity to IoT devices. In this paper, we have proposed a “wireless‐fog mesh” computing framework for installation of microservices in network devices of WMN. This requires continuous monitoring of residual resources of devices and associated network characteristics. Our proposed fog controller exploits underutilized resources of mesh devices and network metrics for mapping a microservice to a fog node. This controller uses a DHT‐based overlay of fog nodes (also acting as distributed MQTT broker) for disseminating resource profiles of fog nodes. The network metrics like path cost, routing loads, number of stations, and delay are used to implement a policy‐based FNS algorithm for electing a fog node to run microservice. We have designed and implemented a testbed that consists of 10 OpenWrt‐based Raspberry Pi3 node to form a WMN. We have deployed various microservices such as MQTT broker, air quality, web servers, annd video surveillance in fog nodes (mesh routers and access points) to test the FNS algorithm. The results establish that the FNS algorithm significantly outperforms the random node selection (RNS) algorithm and advocates the applicability of our wireless‐fog mesh framework for semipermanent use cases.
Acting with epistemic agency: Characterizing student critique during argumentation discussions
Authors: González‐Howard María , McNeill Katherine L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe various types of interactions that students carry out when engaged in scientific argumentation function together to move forward developing ideas and support sensemaking. As such, incorporating argumentation in classroom instruction holds promise for supporting students in developing and acting with an epistemic agency, being positioned, and taking up, opportunities to inform their classroom community's knowledge construction work. To foster science classrooms in which students take on active roles, argue to learn, and engage in authentic meaning‐making, the field needs better understandings of how students are supported in developing, and acting with, epistemic agency. We contend that focusing on critique—specifically, examining circumstances where students partake in this type of exchange with peers when engaged in argumentation—is a productive starting point. In this study, we characterized manifestations of epistemic agency as captured through instances of student critique during argumentation discussions in three middle school classrooms. Specifically, we used social network analysis to illuminate interactional patterns related to critique, and discourse analysis to highlight language moves individuals carried out when student critique was observed. Our findings point to there being multiple, sometimes conflating, approaches to addressing tensions inherent to helping students develop and act with epistemic agency. Our findings also suggest we can learn from critiquing practices that all students bring and employ in the classroom. This latter point is especially important when desiring to create and foster equitable learning environments, where all students' ways of knowing and doing science are appreciated, recognized, and used to support sensemaking.
The effect of mass shootings on the demand for guns
Authors: Brock Jensen , Routon P. Wesley 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnfortunately, mass shootings are common occurrences in the United States. When one occurs, it makes national news, becomes fodder for the ongoing national gun debate among politicians and activists, and may impact the demand for guns through fears of violence and future gun regulation. We attempt to estimate the overall effect of mass shootings on gun demand in the United States and how this effect varies across the nation, time, and other factors. Mass shootings are found to increase the national demand for firearms, with the effect lasting up to 2 months. Stronger effects are found in gun‐heavy and/or Republican states but not necessarily near where the shooting occurred. Demand spikes are also larger if the shooter was White, female, or if the event took place in a rural setting, but seemingly less related to the specific venue, the shooter's age or known mental health, the number of fatalities, or weapon characteristics.
Graphical passwords: Behind the attainment of goals
Authors: Vaddeti Ankitha , Vidiyala Deepthi , Puritipati Vineetha , Ponnuru Raveendra Babu , Shin Ji Sun , Alavalapati Goutham Reddy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGraphical authentication methods have emerged as an alternative to the conventional authentication methods over the past couple of decades. One of the most popular among types of graphical authentication methods is recognition‐based authentication, where the user taps on pass images from one or more challenge sets of images in order to authenticate. The study of existing graphical authentication systems shows that several of them compromise their security while making the method simpler, which could lead to perpetration of numerous attacks like guessing, hidden camera, smudge, shoulder surfing, and many other. Furthermore, a few of them sacrifice performance while targeting security alone. Yet, this paper proposes a new method that resists the aforementioned attacks with good performance, while preserving the benefits of graphical passwords such as ease of use and increased memorability.
Detection of Multisite Phosphorylation of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Using Phos-tag SDS-PAGE
Authors: Örd Mihkel , Loog Mart 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhos-tagTM SDS-PAGE is a method that enables electrophoretic separation of proteins based on their phosphorylation status. With Phos-tagTM SDS-PAGE, it is possible to discriminate between different phosphoforms of proteins based on their phosphorylation level and the number of phosphorylated sites, and to determine the stoichiometry of different phosphorylation products. Phos-tagTM SDS-PAGE is useful for analyzing disordered proteins with multiple phosphorylation sites and can be used for any of the downstream applications used in combination with conventional SDS-PAGE, for example, Western blotting and mass-spectrometry. To obtain the best results with Phos-tagTM SDS-PAGE, however, it is often necessary to optimize the gel composition. Depending on the molecular weight and number of phosphoryl groups added to the protein, different gel composition or running conditions should be used. Here, we provide protocols for Mn2+- and Zn2+-Phos-tagTM SDS-PAGE and give examples of how disordered proteins with different characteristics behave in gels with various Phos-tag concentrations.