bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repercussions of The COVID-19 Pandemic on the Well-Being and Training of Medical Clerks: A Pan-Canadian Survey
Authors: Abbas Myriam , Dhane Malek , Beniey Michèle , Meloche-Dumas Léamarie , Eissa Mohamed , Guérard-Poirier Natasha , El-Raheb Myriam , Lebel-Guay Florence , Dubrowski Adam , Patocskai Erica 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented and potentially stressful event that inserted itself into the 2019-2020 Canadian medical curriculum. However, its impact on stress and subsequent professional pathways is not well understood. This study aims to assess the impact the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental well-being, training, and career choices of Canadian medical clerks within the first three months of the pandemic. It also aims to assess their use of university support systems and their appreciation of potential solutions to common academic stressors.Methods: An electronic survey composed of four sections: demographics, stressors experienced during the pandemic, World Health Organization (WHO) well-being index, and stress management and resources was distributed to Canadian clerks. Results: Clerks from 10 of the 17 Canadian medical faculties participated in this study (n=627). Forty-five percent of clerks reported higher levels of stress than usual; 22% reconsidered their residency choice; and 19% reconsidered medicine as a career. The factors that were most stressful among clerks were: the means of return to rotations; decreased opportunities to be productive in view of residency match; and taking the national licensing exam after the beginning of residency. The mean WHO well-being index was 14.8/25  4.5, indicating a poor level of well-being among a considerable proportion of students. Clerks who reconsidered their residency choice or medicine as a career had lower mean WHO well-being indices. Most clerks agreed with the following suggested solutions: training sessions on the clinical management of COVID-19 cases; being allowed to submit fewer reference letters when applying to residency; and having protected time to study for their licensing exam during residency. Overall, clerks were less concerned with being infected during their rotations than with the impact of the pandemic on their future career and residency match. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a considerable impact on the medical curriculum and well-being of clerks. A number of student-identified solutions were proposed to reduce stress. The implementation of these solutions throughout the Canadian medical training system should be considered.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Nomogram for Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Park Seungbin , Kim Hannah , Kim Laehyun , Kim Jin-kuk , Lee In Sik , Ryu Ik Hee , Kim Youngjun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) is a surgical procedure for the refractive correction of myopia and astigmatism, which has been reported as safe and effective. However, over- and under-correction still occur after SMILE. The necessity of nomograms is emphasized to achieve optimal refractive results. Ophthalmologists diagnose nomograms by analyzing the preoperative refractive data with their individual knowledge which they accumulate over years of experience. Our aim was to predict the nomograms of sphere, cylinder, and astigmatism axis for SMILE accurately by applying machine learning algorithm. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 3,034 eyes composed of four categorical features and 28 numerical features selected from 46 features. The multiple linear regression, decision tree, AdaBoost, XGBoost, and multi-layer perceptron were employed in developing the nomogram models for sphere, cylinder, and astigmatism axis. The scores of the root mean square error (RMSE) and accuracy were evaluated and compared. Subsequently, the feature importance of the best models was calculated.Results: Adaboost achieved the highest performance with an RMSE of 0.1378, 0.1166, and 5.17 for the sphere, cylinder, and astigmatism axis, respectively. The accuracies of which error below 0.25 D for the sphere and cylinder nomograms and 25° for the astigmatism axis nomograms were 0.969, 0.976, and 0.994, respectively. The feature with the highest importance was pre-operative manifest refraction for all the cases of nomograms. For the sphere and cylinder nomograms, the following highly important feature was the surgeon. Conclusions: Among the diverse machine learning algorithms, Adaboost exhibited the highest performance in prediction of the sphere, cylinder, and astigmatism axis nomograms for SMILE. The study proved the feasibility of applying artificial intelligence (AI) to nomograms for SMILE. Also it may enhance the quality of the surgical result of SMILE by providing assistance in nomograms and preventing the misdiagnosis in nomograms.
Transcriptome differences between Cupriavidus necator NH9 grown with 3-chlorobenzoate and that grown with benzoate
Authors: Moriuchi Ryota , Dohra Hideo , Kanesaki Yu , Ogawa Naoto 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Aromatic compounds derived from human activities are often released into the environment. Many of them, especially halogenated aromatics, are persistent in nature and pose threats to organisms. Therefore, the microbial degradation of these compounds has been studied intensively. Our laboratory has studied the expression of genes in Cupriavidus necator NH9 involved in the degradation of 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB), a model compound for studies on bacterial degradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds. In this study aimed at exploring how this bacterium has adapted to the utilization of chlorinated aromatic compounds, we performed RNA-seq analysis of NH9 cells cultured with 3-CB, benzoate (BA), or citric acid. The purpose of these analyses was to identify differentially expressed genes encoding products with various biological functions involved in the degradation of 3-CB and BA.
Results
Differential expression analysis confirmed strong induction of genes encoding enzymes in degradation pathways of 3-CB and BA (benABCD, cbnABCD, catA, catB, catDC, pcaIJF, and boxABCD). Genes involved in the degradation of 3-hydroxybenzoate and anthranilate were upregulated by 3-CB but not by BA, suggesting that transcriptional regulators of these degradative genes recognized 3-CB (or its intermediate metabolite) as an inducer. Four genes encoding MFS transporters were specifically induced by 3-CB or BA, and one cluster of genes encoding components of the ABC transporter system was significantly induced by 3-CB. Stress response genes encoding chaperones, proteases, the phosphate transporter PstBACS, and superoxide oxidase were upregulated in response to 3-CB and/or BA. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that genes encoding dioxygenases were upregulated by both 3-CB and BA. Intriguingly, the “cell motility,” “signal transduction,” and “chemotaxis” terms were significantly upregulated by BA compared with 3-CB. Consistent with this, in semi-solid agar plate assays, NH9 cells showed stronger chemotaxis to BA than to 3-CB.
Conclusions
Our results showed that the chemotaxis behavior of NH9 differs between 3-CB and BA. We inferred that NH9 has not fully adapted to the utilization of chlorinated benzoate, unlike its analogous aromatic compound BA, in nature.
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and its correlation with dysregulation of cytokines in psoriasis patients
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Guo Kun , Shi Linjing , Sun Ting , Geng Songmei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that is associated with multiple comorbidities and substantially diminishes patients’ quality of life. The gut microbiome has become a hot topic in psoriasis as it has been shown to have effect on both allergy and autoimmunity diseases in recent studies. Our objective was to identify differences in the faecal microbial composition of patients with psoriasis compared with healthy individuals in order to unravel the microbiota profiling in this autoimmune disease.
Results
We collected fecal samples from 30 psoriasis patients and 30 healthy controls and sequenced them by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and identified the differences in the gut microbial composition between two groups through data analysis. Our results showed that different relative abundance of certain bacterial taxa between psoriasis patients and healthy individuals,including Faecalibacterium and Megamonas were increased in patients with psoriasis. It’s also implicated that many cytokines act as main effect molecules in the pathology of psoriasis. We selected the inflammation-related indicators that were abnormal in psoriasis patients and found the microbiome variations were associated with the level of them, especially interleukin-2 receptor showed a positive relationship with Phascolarctobacterium and a negative relationship with the Dialister. The correlation analysis based on microbiota and Inflammation-related indicators proved that microbiota dysbiosis might induce abnormal immune response in psoriasis.
Conclusions
We concluded that the gut microbiome composition in psoriasis patients has been altered markedly and provides evidence to understand the relationship between gut microbiota and psoriasis. More mechanistic experiments are needed to determine whether the differences observed in gut microbiota are the cause or consequences of psoriasis and whether the relationship between gut microbiota and cytokines was involved.
Changes in day/night activity in the 6-OHDA-induced experimental model of Parkinson´s disease: Exploring prodromal biomarkers
Authors: Requejo Catalina , de-Ipiña Karmele Lopez , Ruiz-Ortega José Ángel , Fernández Elsa , Calvo Pilar M. , Morera-Herreras Teresa , Miguelez Cristina , Cardona-Grifoll Laura , Cepeda Hodei , Ugedo Luisa , Lafuente José Vicente 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Morphological study of vastus medialis oblique in recurrent patellar dislocation based on magnetic resonance images
Authors: Shu Lei , Yang Xu , He Hangyuan , Chen Biao , Chen Liaobin , Ni Qubo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose To investigate the morphological parameters of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) muscle and delineate its importance in the maintenance of patellofemoral joint stability.Methods The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 75 knees (54 patients) with recurrent lateral patella dislocation (LPD) and 75 knees (70 patients with similar age, gender and body mass index) were retrospectively analyzed. Five morphological parameters related to VMO (elevation on sagittal plane and coronal plane, cross-sectional area ratio, craniocaudal extent, muscle-fiber angulation,) and two parameters of patella tilt (patella tilt angle, bisect offset ratio) were measured in MRI images, and the types of trochlear in each patient were recorded. Finally, the differences of these parameters between the two groups were analyzed.Results Compared with the control group, the patients with recurrent LPD showed significantly higher in sagittal VMO elevation (10.4 ± 2.3 mm vs 4.1 ± 1.9 mm), coronal VMO elevation (15.9 ± 5.7 mm vs 3.9 ± 3.7 mm), muscle-fiber angulation (35.4 ± 8.0° vs 27.9 ± 6.3°), patella tilt angle (25.9 ± 10.7° vs 9.1 ± 5.2°), and bisect offset ratio values (0.9 ± 0.3 vs 0.5 ± 0.1), and significantly lower in craniocaudal extent (13.7 ± 5.3mm vs 16.7 ± 5.1 mm) and cross-sectional area ratio values (0.07 ± 0.02 vs 0.05 ± 0.02).Conclusions The results showed that the abnormality of VMO were clearly present in recurrent LPD patients compared with normal people, which may be an important factor of patella tilt in LPD patients, so it is necessary to focus on injury condition of VMO during preoperative evaluation.
Bibliometric Analysis of the Global Research on Precision Medicine
Authors: Zhang Baoyue , Ali Sajid , Xuan Tianhui , Zhao Yajie , Ao Bo , Lu Xinyue , Chen Junbai , Bao Pengfei , Yang Shuang , Huang Qian , Li Ruifeng , Hou Zhongwei , Huang Youliang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Precision medicine provides medical solutions to stratified patients with personalised forecasting outcome as an important method of treatment in the medical field. This study aims at delivering a structured overview to carry out a bibliometric analysis of precision medicine retrospectively. Methods: The compilation of data and the use of bibliometric methods based on academic databases (Science Citation Index-Expanded and PubMed) from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019. Research outputs, countries, institutions, authors, major journals, cited papers, hot subject areas were analysed. Results: 8,566 papers related were identified (98.728% in English) covering 1,975 different journals. The papers were originated from 109 countries; the USA held the predominant contributors with 4,635 papers, China was on second with 925 papers. Conclusions: Precision medicine serves important purposes in clinical treatment, and widely used in the oncology, biochemistry, molecular biology field. The study summarised existing work and provided guidance for future research in this promising precision medicine area.
Viral and Atypical Pathogens Epidemiology of a Large Cohort of Patients with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Shaanxi Province, Northwest China
Authors: Li Meng , Liu Xinyu , Yang Tian , He Ruiqing , Guo Xuan , Chen Mingwei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose To analyze and summarize the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) in northwest China for improving the clinical management and prevention of local ARIs. Methods Patients with ARIs in the Shaanxi Province from January 2014 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to detect IgM antibody of eight respiratory pathogens. Results A total of 15543 eligible patients was included in this study. Overall, 36.01% patients (5597/15543) were positive for at least one of eight pathogens, among which single and mixed infections was accounted for 74.65% (4178/5597) and 25.35% (1419/5597), respectively. Mycoplasma (MP) showed the highest detection rate (18.12%), followed by influenza virus B (Flu B, 11.65%), chlamydia (CP, 7.00%), respiratory syncytial virus(RSV, 4.18%), parainfluenza virus (PIV, 2.83%), influenza virus A(Flu A, 1.69%), legionella (LP, 1.00%) and adenovirus (ADV, 0.70%). Flu B (17.54 %, 759/4327) was the most prevalent virus in patients aged less than 18 years. In addition, this group were more likely to have mixed infections. Autumn and winter were the high-occurrence season for ARIs. Conclusion These findings serve as a reference for local health authorities to develop further plans for the prevention and control of ARIs.
Powering Jobs: the Employment Footprint of Clean Cooking Solutions in Kenya
Authors: LEE CHIH-JUNG , Shirley Rebekah , Otieno Maureen , Nyambura Hope 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Delivering clean cooking access to 1.2 billion people who cook with charcoal, kerosene and firewood may have a strong localized employment impact. With the challenge of a rapidly expanding youth population and growing job scarcity in sub-Saharan Africa, understanding the impact of clean cooking on employment as well as the skills gap is timely. However, there is little definitive data on clean cooking jobs. Recognizing this data gap, we sought to conduct a study focused specifically on employment from the clean cooking sectors in Kenya, covering liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), bioethanol, biogas and electric cooking solutions. This study provides an initial baseline and early estimate of clean cooking sectors’ direct formal and informal employment based on one year of company survey data, expert interviews, available literature, and local focus group discussion.Results In Kenya, the clean cooking sector provided about 19,000 direct, formal jobs and potentially 15,000 to 35,000 direct, informal jobs in 2019. While the clean cooking sector provided many jobs, the level of compensation and retention is low. In the LPG and electric cooking sector, sales and distribution are the biggest part of the workforce, while for bioethanol and biogas, manufacturing and assembling is important. The majority of the direct, formal workforce is reported to be skilled. Management, finance and legal, and product development and research are the most difficult skills to recruit for. Women’s participation is lower than 30% in the clean cooking sectors. Managerial positions have higher women’s participation than non-managerial ones. Conclusion This research exercise establishes a baseline for understanding the employment impact of the clean cooking sectors. However, a massive data gap persists. Our study shows that while the clean cooking sectors, especially LPG, are already providing tens of thousands of jobs, further studies are critically needed to map the employment impact of delivering universal clean cooking access.
An AIDS Patient With Recurrent Multiple Skin Crusted Ulcerations
Authors: Wang Yu , Wen Ying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:Malignant syphilis is considered a rare disease, more commonly affecting individuals with poor immunity. We report a case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome with Repeated crusted ulcerations. Our report shows the typical skin lesions of malignant syphilis and a reinfection with the same rashes. Case presentation:A 22-year-old homosexual male was admitted to hospital for fever and ulcerations with overlying brown–black rupioid crusts. Then he was confirmed human immunodeficiency virus infection. Malignant syphilis was diagnosed by positive markers and biopsy pathology. After application of benzathine penicillin for 3 weeks, the symptoms improved and rapid plasma regain (RPR) decreased from 1:64 to 1:4 in 8 months. But the patient appeared with rashes that was accurately the same with rashes before 13 months later，and RPR rose to 1:128, that was likely to be re-infection after frequent sexual activity. And he responded well to doxycycline treatment. Conclusion: Malignant syphilis is a rare form of secondary syphilis, but tends to occur in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients because of poor immunity. Although the clinical manifestations of malignant syphilis are severe, the response to the therapy of penicillin and doxycycline are excellent, even with repeated infection.
Health Literacy and Health Outcomes in Patients with Back Pain – A Scoping Review
Authors: See Clarence Ye King , Smith Helen Elizabeth , Car Lorainne Tudor , Protheroe Joanne , Wong Wei Cong , Bartlam Bernadette 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organisation highlights back pain as a leading and growing cause of disability worldwide. In the field of chronic pain, higher health literacy is linked to lower pain intensity and better pain control. However, there remains a paucity of evidence, with a recent systematic review finding only three studies meeting its inclusion criteria. OBJECTIVES: This scoping review had two objectives in exploring research in chronic pain, which were to identify:1) The health literacy measures currently employed. 2) The back-pain health outcomes included in such work and the extent to which these reflect the core outcome set for clinical trials in non-specific low back pain.METHODS: The search broadened the search strategy used in the systematic review. It was conducted using thirteen bibliographic databases, employing medical subject heading (MeSH) terms for back pain and health literacy, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A thematic framework approach was used for analysis.RESULTS: The search yielded ten relevant studies for inclusion, amongst which a total of nine health literacy measures and 50 health outcome measures were used. The health outcomes assessed by the included studies could be broadly categorised into: Pain, Disability, Behaviour, Knowledge and Beliefs, and Resource Utilisation. Most outcome measures employed (36 out of 50) were not directly relevant to addressing the core outcome set for clinical trials in non-specific low back pain.CONCLUSIONS: A dearth of studies in this field of research was noted, especially in Asia and low-middle income countries. Methodological limitations were identified, including in study design and outcome measures. To allow for comparison across findings and the development of a rigorous evidence base, future work should include the core outcome set for clinical trials in non-specific low back pain. Furthermore, research thus far has focused on a narrow range of populations and there is an urgent need to broaden the evidence-base to include those with characteristics known to be moderators in health outcomes. Such work demands the incorporation of comprehensive measures of health literacy that have both generic and culturally sensitive components.
Changes in Quantitative Muscle Ultrasound for Diagnosis of Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Zhang Weiqing , Wu Jun , Gu Qiuying , Gu Yanting , Zhao Yujin , Ge Xiaoying , Sun Xiaojing , Zeng Qian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: A common occurrence in severe illness is muscle wasting, which is defined as intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICU-AW) and characterized by flaccid tetraparesis with areflexia or hyporeflexia. Many studies revealed the tendency of changes in quantitative muscle ultrasound parameters in critical illnesses; however, the relation between those changes in muscle parameters and intensive care unit acquired weakness was unknown.Objectives: Using the Medical Research Council Criteria, test the accuracy in diagnosis of changes in quantitative muscle ultrasound for diagnosing intensive care unit acquired weakness.Methods: Patients who were conscious and positively responded to verbal commands with facial muscles were subjected to quantitative muscle ultrasonography including measuring thickness and cross-sectional area of biceps brachii (BB) muscle, vastus intermedius (VI) muscle, and rectus femoris (RF) muscles for 4 times in the next 10 days after assessing their muscle strength using the Medical Research Council score. Assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of changes in cross-sectional area and thickness of different muscle groups was made using area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC–AUC). We also calculated specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of 15% threshold for reduction of thickness and 12% threshold for reduction of cross-sectional area.Results: 37 patients underwent muscle ultrasonography for 4 times and 24 were found to have ICW-AW. ROC–AUC of changes in muscle parameters were acceptable and ranged from 0.647 to 0.727. The changes in the thickness of vastus intermedius muscle on both sides while the change in thickness and cross-sectional area of rectus femoris muscle on the right side showed good diagnostic accuracy and ranged from 75.7% to 78.4%.Conclusions: Ultrasonography of the changes in muscle parameters with good diagnostic accuracy is an alternative approach for making a diagnosis of intensive care unit acquired weakness. Particularly, changes in the thickness of vastus intermedius muscle on both sides and changes in thickness and cross-sectional area of rectus femoris muscle on the right side have diagnostic potential.