bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the implementation of the HIV Treat All guidelines on key ART treatment outcomes in Namibia
Authors: Vu Lung , Burnett-Zieman Brady , Stoman Lizl , Luu Minh , Mdala Johnface , Granger Krista , Forsythe Steven , Zegeye Abeje , Geibel Scott 
Published: December 2020

Background
This study aimed to help the Namibian government understand the impact of Treat All implementation (started on April 1, 2017) on key antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes, and how this transition impacts progress toward the UNAIDS’s 90-90-90 HIV targets.

Methods
We collected clinical records from two separate cohorts (before and after treat-all) of ART patients in 10 high- and medium-volume facilities in 6 northern Namibia districts. Each cohort contains 12-month data on patients’ scheduled appointments and visits, health status, and viral load results. We also measured patients’ wait time and perceptions of service quality using exit interviews with 300 randomly selected patients (per round). We compared ART outcomes of the two cohorts: ART initiation within 7 days from diagnosis, loss to follow-up (LTFU), missed scheduled appointments for at least 30 days, and viral suppression using unadjusted and adjusted analyses.

Results
Among new ART clients (on ART for less than 3 months or had not yet initiated treatment as of the start date for the ART record review period), rapid ART initiation (within 7 days from diagnosis) was 5.2 times higher after Treat All than that among clients assessed before the policy took effect [AOR: 5.2 (3.8–6.9)]. However, LTFU was higher after Treat All roll-out compared to before Treat All [AOR: 1.9 (1.3–2.8)]. Established ART clients (on ART treatment for at least three months at the start date of the ART record review period) had over 3 times greater odds of achieving viral suppression after Treat All roll-out compared to established ART clients assessed before Treat All [AOR: 3.1 (1.6–5.9)].

Conclusions and recommendations
The findings indicate positive effect of the “Treat All” implementation on ART initiation and viral suppression, and negative effect on LTFU. Additionally, by April 2018, Namibia seems to have reached the UNAIDS’s 90-90-90 targets.
Association of an increase in serum albumin levels with positive 1-year outcomes in acute decompensated heart failure: A cohort study
Authors: Kato Takao , Yaku Hidenori , Morimoto Takeshi , Inuzuka Yasutaka , Tamaki Yodo , Ozasa Neiko , Yamamoto Erika , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Kitai Takeshi , Taniguchi Ryoji , Iguchi Moritake , Kato Masashi , Takahashi Mamoru , Jinnai Toshikazu , Ikeda Tomoyuki , Nagao Kazuya , Kawai Takafumi , Komasa Akihiro , Nishikawa Ryusuke , Kawase Yuichi , Morinaga Takashi , Kawato Mitsunori , Seko Yuta , Shiba Masayuki , Toyofuku Mamoru , Furukawa Yutaka , Ando Kenji , Kadota Kazushige , Sato Yukihito , Kuwahara Koichiro , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: December 2020

Background
Despite the prognostic importance of hypoalbuminemia, the prognostic implication of a change in albumin levels has not been fully investigated during hospitalization in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).

Methods
Using the data from the Kyoto Congestive Heart Failure registry on 3160 patients who were discharged alive for acute heart failure hospitalization and in whom the change in albumin levels was calculated at discharge, we evaluated the association with an increase in serum albumin levels from admission to discharge and clinical outcomes by a multivariable Cox hazard model. The primary outcome measure was a composite of all-cause death or hospitalization for heart failure.

Findings
Patients with increased albumin levels (N = 1083, 34.3%) were younger and less often had smaller body mass index and renal dysfunction than those with no increase in albumin levels (N = 2077, 65.7%). Median follow-up was 475 days with a 96% 1-year follow-up rate. Relative to the group with no increase in albumin levels, the lower risk of the increased albumin group remained significant for the primary outcome measure (hazard ratio: 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.69–0.90: P = 0.0004) after adjusting for confounders including baseline albumin levels. When stratified by the quartiles of baseline albumin levels, the favorable effect of increased albumin was more pronounced in the lower quartiles of albumin levels, but without a significant interaction effect (interaction P = 0.49).

Conclusions
Independent of baseline albumin levels, an increase in albumin during index hospitalization was associated with a lower 1-year risk for a composite of all-cause death and hospitalization in patients with acute heart failure.
Association of serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D with total and regional adiposity and cardiometabolic traits
Authors: Karuppusami Reka , Antonisami Belavendra , Vasan Senthil K. , Gowri Mahasampath , Selliah Hepsy Y. , Arulappan Geethanjali , Jebasingh Felix , Thomas Nihal , Paul Thomas V. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with greater adiposity and adverse cardiometabolic risk profile. The evidence is inconsistent among South Asian Indians. We aimed to examine associations between 25(OH)D and cardiovascular (CVD) risk markers in a rural and urban cohort from South India.

Subjects/Methods
In this cross sectional study, 373 individuals (men, n = 205) underwent detailed CVD risk marker assessment including anthropometry [body mass index (BMI), waist, (WC) and hip circumferences (HC)], body composition analysis using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), blood pressure and biochemical analysis (glucose, insulin and lipids). The distribution of CVD risk factors were compared across serum 25(OH)D levels, stratified as deficiency (<20 ng/ml), insufficiency (20 to 29 ng/ml) and normal (≥30 ng/ml) levels. Multiple regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders, was used to study associations of 25(OH)D with adiposity and cardiometabolic traits.

Results
The mean and standard deviation (SD) of age, BMI and 25(OH)D levels were 41.4 (1.1) years, 25.5 (4.8) kg/m2 and 23.4 (10.4) ng/ml respectively. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was 39.9% in this cohort. Individuals in the 25(OH)D deficiency category had significantly higher mean (SD) BMI [26.6 (5.1) kg/m2], waist circumference [89.9 (12.5) cm] and total fat mass [20.6 (7.9) kg] compared with the Vitamin D sufficient group [BMI: 24.0 (4.4); WC 84.7 (12.0); total fat mass: 15.2 (6.8)]. Significantly inverse associations were observed with DXA measured total and regional fat depots with 25(OH)D levels, while anthropometric indices of adiposity showed significant inverse association only in women. After adjusting for total fat mass, no significant associations were observed between 25(OH)D and the cardiometabolic traits.

Conclusions
Our results confirm that lower 25(OH)D is independently associated with both total and regional adiposity, but not with cardiometabolic traits, in this population.
The effect of an experiential learning program on motivations and activity involvement among dementia supporters in Japan
Authors: Arakawa Hiromi , Anme Tokie 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an experiential learning program based on Kolb’s theory in increasing dementia supporters’ motivation and activity involvement within the community.

Method
In this interventional study, the sample was divided into two groups. The intervention group underwent dementia supporter training and participated in an experiential learning program, which was conducted two weeks after the initial training session. The control group underwent only the dementia supporter training.

Results
Kolb’s experiential learning model consists of four stages: concrete experience, reflective observation, conceptualization, and active experimentation. A total of 37 and 44 individuals constituted the intervention and control groups, respectively. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed that there was a significant increase in motivation among the intervention group participants, when compared to the control group participants. Moreover, the activity rate was higher among the intervention group participants.

Discussion
The experiential learning program was effective in increasing motivation levels and activity involvement among the dementia supporters.

Conclusions
The experiential learning program for dementia supporters can be used to improve other volunteer and professional programs. Moreover, Kolb’s theory can be used to support individuals with dementia within the community.
Simple predictive models identify patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and poor prognosis
Authors: Riveiro-Barciela Mar , Labrador-Horrillo Moisés , Camps-Relats Laura , González-Sans Didac , Ventura-Cots Meritxell , Terrones-Peinador María , Nuñez-Conde Andrea , Martínez-Gallo Mónica , Hernández Manuel , Antón Andrés , González Antonio , Pujol-Borrell Ricardo , Martínez-Valle Fernando 
Published: December 2020

Background and aims
Identification of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients at high-risk of poor prognosis is crucial. We aimed to establish predictive models for COVID-19 pneumonia severity in hospitalized patients.

Methods
Retrospective study of 430 patients admitted in Vall d’Hebron Hospital (Barcelona) between 03-12-2020 and 04-28-2020 due to COVID-19 pneumonia. Two models to identify the patients who required high-flow-oxygen-support were generated, one using baseline data and another with also follow-up analytical results. Calibration was performed by a 1000-bootstrap replication model.

Results
249 were male, mean age 57.9 years. Overall, 135 (31.4%) required high-flow-oxygen-support. The baseline predictive model showed a ROC of 0.800 based on: SpO2/FiO2 (adjusted Hazard Ratio-aHR = 8), chest x-ray (aHR = 4), prior immunosuppressive therapy (aHR = 4), obesity (aHR = 2), IL-6 (aHR = 2), platelets (aHR = 0.5). The cut-off of 11 presented a specificity of 94.8%. The second model included changes on the analytical parameters: ferritin (aHR = 7.5 if ≥200ng/mL) and IL-6 (aHR = 18 if ≥64pg/mL) plus chest x-ray (aHR = 2) showing a ROC of 0.877. The cut-off of 12 exhibited a negative predictive value of 92%.

Conclusions
SpO2/FiO2 and chest x-ray on admission or changes on inflammatory parameters as IL-6 and ferritin allow us early identification of COVID-19 patients at risk of high-flow-oxygen-support that may benefit from a more intensive disease management.
Personality and the use of cancer screenings. A systematic review
Authors: Hajek André , Kretzler Benedikt , König Hans-Helmut 
Published: December 2020

Background
No systematic review exists synthesizing studies examining the association between personality factors and use of cancer screenings. Hence, the aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of empirical findings from observational studies investigating the link between personality factors (in terms of agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism and openness to experience) and use of cancer screenings.

Methods
Medline, PsycInfo and CINAHL were searched using predefined search terms. Observational studies examining the link between personality factors and use of cancer screenings using validated tools were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two reviewers.

Results
In total, n = 11 studies were included in our systematic review. There is mostly inconclusive evidence regarding the link between agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience and the use of cancer screenings. Clearer evidence was identified for an association between increased extraversion and an increased use of cancer screenings. Moreover, the majority of studies identified a link between increased conscientiousness and an increased use of cancer screenings.

Discussion
Studies indicate that personality factors, particularly an increased extraversion and increased conscientiousness, are associated with an increased use of cancer screenings. This knowledge may be beneficial to address individuals at risk for underuse.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020176830
História Indígena e(m) Microfilmes:
Authors: Benedito Emílio da Silva Ribeiro  
Published: December 2020

O artigo aborda as ações técnicas e de pesquisa, ensino e extensão em torno da documentação microfilmada do acervo do Serviço de Proteção aos Índios, relativa ao fundo arquivístico da 2ª Inspetoria Regional. Busca refletir sobre a importância deste arquivo na tessitura do campo (inter)disciplinar da História Indígena no Brasil, aliado aos saberes, narrativas e regimes de historicidade indígena. Objetiva evidenciar as agências indígenas na Amazônia, ao longo do século XX, a partir deste corpus documental. E, com isso, contribuir na construção colaborativa da ciência histórica, ao passo que insira os povos indígenas, de fato, como sujeitos produtores de conhecimento.
Palavras-chave: História da Amazônia. Povos indígenas. Serviço de Proteção aos Índios. Conflitos. Reexistências.
New Method for Optimal Feature Set Reduction
Authors: German Oleg , Nasrh Sara 
Published: December 2020

A problem of searching a minimum-size feature set to use in distribution of multidimensional objects in classes, for instance with the help of classifying trees, is considered. It has an important value in developing high speed and accuracy classifying systems. A short comparative review of existing approaches is given. Formally, the problem is formulated as finding a minimum-size (minimum weighted sum) covering set of discriminating 0,1-matrix, which is used to represent capabilities of the features to distinguish between each pair of objects belonging to different classes. There is given a way to build a discriminating 0,1-matrix. On the basis of the common solving principle, called the group resolution principle, the following problems are formulated and solved: finding an exact minimum-size feature set; finding a feature set with minimum total weight among all the minimum-size feature sets (the feature weights may be defined by the known methods, e.g. the RELIEF method and its modifications); finding an optimal feature set with respect to fuzzy data and discriminating matrix elements belonging to diapason [0,1]; finding statistically optimal solution especially in the case of big data. Statistically optimal algorithm makes it possible to restrict computational time by a polynomial of the problem sizes and density of units in discriminating matrix and provides a probability of finding an exact solution close to 1.
Thus, the paper suggests a common approach to finding a minimum-size feature set with peculiarities in problem formulation, which differs it from the known approaches. The paper contains a lot of illustrations for clarification aims. Some theoretical statements given in the paper are based on the previously published works.
In the concluding part, the results of the experiments are presented, as well as the information on dimensionality reduction for the coverage problem for big datasets. Some promising directions of the outlined approach are noted, including working with incomplete and categorical data, integrating the control model into the data classification system.
Bilateral Pale Cell Acanthoma of Mammary Glands in 13 Years Old Boy: Clinical Case
Authors: Idris Lamiya Ya. , Chundokova Madina A. , Smirnov Alexey N. , Tumanova Elena L. , Korchagina Natalia S. , Golovanev Maxim A. 
Published: December 2020

Background. Degos acanthoma is rare benign tumor. Typical signs of this disease are localization on the lower limbs, abdomen and anterior chest in middle-aged and elderly patients (50–70 years old). The only one clinical case of pale cell acanthoma with the atopic dermatitis, and eczema in the area of areoles in the 26 years old patient was described.Clinical Case Description. The boy had redness and swelling in the area of the right mammary gland at the age of 11 years. This mass lesion was regarded as the eczema of the areola region due to burdened allergic history (atopic dermatitis), thus, antihistamine therapy was prescribed. Similar lesion has appeared in the area of the left areola 3 months later, the same therapy was used. Saniopurulent discharge was occasionally noted from the lesions. The child was consulted by dermatologist, endocrinologist and surgeon at the place of residence, and diagnosed with chronic purulent mastitis. Conservative therapy had no positive dynamics. Bilateral changes in areoles were revealed during hospitalization at the age of 13 years. There were red lesions with non-homogenous surface, yellow discharge, hyperemia around the right areola. The lesion sizes were 2.03.0 cm on the left and 3.03.5 cm on the right side. Biopsy has revealed pale cell acanthoma. Conservative treatment with oral and systemic glucocorticosteroids was prescribed, positive dynamics was obtained for 3 days after the therapy initiation.Conclusion. The presence of eczema in the area of the nipple associated with sanioserous discharge requires the differential diagnosis with pale cell acanthoma. The conservative therapy (with glucocorticosteroids) efficacy for pale cell acanthoma is shown.
Método de ejecución y criterio interno de la verdad en la Fenomenología del espíritu
Authors: Sepúlveda Esteban 
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo aborda lo que Hegel denomina ‘método de ejecución’ en la Introducción de la Fenomenología del Espíritu. Lo que me propongo es dar una explicación acerca de cómo opera este método tal que logre cumplir las metas que Hegel mismo se propone. En particular, pretendo explicar por qué el objeto para cada figura de la conciencia es cada vez uno distinto y por qué el nuevo objeto surge a partir de la corrección del saber que se encarna en una cierta figura de la conciencia. Me centro en criticar las respuestas a estas preguntas que extraigo de varios autores, con especial atención en cuatro de ellos: Kenneth Westphal (1998), Robert Brandom (2019), Stephen Houlgate (2013) y Robert Pippin (1989). Luego, propongo un bosquejo de mi propia explicación, la cual recurre al uso de un criterio interno de la verdad análogo al que Spinoza emplea para su filosofía.
Are Russellian Indexicals Eliminable?
Authors: Sanhueza Sebastián 
Published: December 2020

It is widely thought that, in his later work An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth, Bertrand Russell argued that our natural languages could in principle do away with indexicals. This brief piece, by contrast, aims to show that, instead of suggesting the potential eliminability of such expressions, Russell outlined a semantic account of indexicals according to which such expressions fundamentally depend on the perspectival way in which they refer to worldly items. If correct, this proposal would not only show that, in Russell’s later work, the meaning of expressions like indexicals is not exhaustively determined by the items they refer to: it would also show that Russell did not mean to eliminate indexicals from our natural languages at all.
Mobil Planetaryum Etkinliği: Ortaokul Öğretmenlerinin Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: EKİNCİ Serkan , OKTAY Özlem , ŞEN Ahmet İlhan 
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğrencileriyle birlikte okul ortamında düzenlenen mobil planetaryum etkinliğine katılan ortaokul öğretmenlerinin etkinlik hakkındaki görüşlerini incelemektir. Çalışmada nitel bütüncül tek durum deseni kullanılmıştır. Ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak toplam sekiz ortaokul öğretmeni çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin mobil planetaryum etkinliğine yönelik görüşleri, derinlemesine yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler aracılığıyla incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında ayrıca etkinlik çerçevesinde öğretmenlerin beklenen rollerine yönelik düşünceleri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. İçerik analizi yöntemiyle elde edilen bulgular, öğretmenlerin tamamının ailenin çocuğuyla birlikte etkinliğe katılımına yönelik olumlu görüşe sahip olduklarını göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte katılımcı öğretmenler, etkinliğin okul ortamında yapılmasının maliyet açısından avantajlı olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Öte yandan öğretmenlerin bu tür ortamlardaki beklenen rollerinin alanyazında değinilen bazı öğretmen rolleriyle benzerlik gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda öğretmenlerin beklenen rolleri; öğrencileri tanıma, öğrencilerin hazırlığı, etkinliğe dâhil olma ve ziyaret sonrası yapılacaklar olmak üzere dört ayrı kategoride tartışılmıştır. Okul ortamında düzenlenen mobil planetaryum etkinliğinin öğretmen gözünden değerlendirildiği bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçların gelecekteki benzer çalışmalara ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.
Sorgulamaya Dayalı Öğrenme Yaklaşımının Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Üstbiliş Farkındalık Düzeylerine Etkisi
Authors: ERKOL Mehmet , ŞAHİNTEPE Sabriye 
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, sorgulamaya
dayalı öğrenme yaklaşımı çerçevesinde işlenen Fen Bilimleri dersinin ortaokul
7. sınıf seviyesindeki öğrencilerin üstbiliş düzeylerine etkisini
araştırmaktır. Araştırmada hem nicel hem nitel veri toplama yöntemleri
kullanılmıştır. Bu bakımdan araştırma
karma bir yöntem içermektedir. Araştırma süreci eşzamanlı dönüşümsel karma araştırma tasarımına göre
yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2016-2017 eğitim
öğretim yılında, Türkiye’nin batı bölgesinde bir ilçede, devlet okulunda
öğrenim görmekte olan 7. sınıf seviyesinde 40 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veri
toplama aracı olarak Çocuklar İçin Üstbilişsel Farkındalık Ölçeği B Formu
(ÜBFÖ-B) ve Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada
fen bilimleri dersi deney grubunda Sorgulamaya Dayalı Öğrenme Yaklaşımına uygun olarak yürütülürken kontrol grubunda 2013 Fen Bilimleri dersi
öğretim programına bağlı olarak yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen
veriler istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma
sonucunda, deney grubunda yer alan öğrencilerin üstbiliş düzeylerinin kontrol
grubunda yer alan öğrencilere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde arttığı
görülmüştür. Nitel verilerin analizinde elde edilen sonuçlar da nicel
verilerden elde edilen sonuçları desteklemektedir.