bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotypic response to water deficit applied at reproductive stage in rice: is the response unique across two contrasted climates?
Authors: Lima Isabela Pereira de , Lafarge Tanguy , Castro Adriano Pereira , Roques Sandrine , Soutiras Armelle , Clement-Vidal Anne , Botelho Flávia Barbosa Silva , Raissac Marcel de 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Rice crop is known as very sensitive to water deficit, especially during the reproductive phase when growth of vegetative organs and formation of spikelets are concomitant. The present study questioned whether the maintenance of vegetative organ expansion during a water deficit at the reproductive phase affects the reproductive structure organogenesis, and if relevant traits for adaptation can be identified. To answer these queries, the response to a same reproductive water deficit of six contrasted japonica genotypes has been analyzed under two contrasted climates differing in incident radiation, air hygrometry and temperature (greenhouse in Brazil, Sitis, and growth chamber in France, GC).Results: Under irrigation, plant growth rate was reduced in GC while crop duration was extended: the trade-offs resulted in similar plant height and biomass. From a method able to determine a posteriori the date of panicle initiation (PI), elementary processes were positioned in time, allowing to evaluate how much each process was affected, despite the diversity in phenology across genotypes. Elongation rate decreased with water deficit and was highly associated with an increase in soluble sugars in stem and flag leaf in both experiments, while starch was reduced in Sitis and negligible in GC. This unique response, however, induced a different effect across experiments on branch and spikelet formation. In short, in both experiments, maintenance of spikelet number was highly associated with maintenance of flag leaf and internode width. All variables, including branch and spikelet number, were highly affected with IAC 25 in both experiments, while variations were non-significant with Cirad 409. In addition, some other genotypes expressed a differential response between Sitis and GC, conveying a specific sensitivity to low radiation or to high air temperature. Conclusions: This study highlighted the importance of finely mapping in time elementary growth processes, thanks to PI date determination, in order to detect key traits of adaptation to abiotic stress through phenotyping across genotypes of diverse phenology. The maintenance of flag leaf width or internode diameter under a mild water deficit was highlighted here as a trait associated with the maintenance of yield components.
Multiple Cold Tolerance Trait Phenotyping Reveals Shared Quantitative Trait Loci in Oryza sativa
Authors: Shimoyama Naoki , Johnson Melineeh , Beaumont André , Schlappi Michael 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Developing chilling tolerant accessions of domesticated Asian rice is a potential source of significant crop improvement. The uniquely chilling sensitive nature of the tropically originating Oryza sativa make it the most important cereal crop that can gain significantly from improved tolerance to low temperatures. However, mechanisms underlying this complex trait are not fully understood. Oryza sativa has two subspecies with different levels of chilling tolerance, JAPONICA and INDICA, providing an ideal tool to investigate mechanistic differences in the chilling stress tolerance responses within this important crop species. Results: The Rice Diversity Panel 1 (RDP1) was used to investigate a core set of Oryza sativa accessions. The tools available for this panel allowed for a comprehensive analysis of two chilling tolerance traits at multiple temperatures across a 354-cultivar subset of the RDP1. Chilling tolerance trait values were distributed as mostly subpopulation specific clusters of Tolerant, Intermediate, and Sensitive accessions. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) mapping approaches using all 354 accessions yielded a total of 245 quantitative trait loci (QTL), containing 178 unique QTL covering 25% of the rice genome, while 40 QTL were identified by multiple traits. QTL mappings using subsets of rice accession clusters yielded another 255 QTL, for a total of 500 QTL. The genes within these multiple trait QTL were analyzed for GO term and potential pathway enrichments. Terms related to “carbohydrate biosynthesis”, “carbohydrate transmembrane transport”, “small molecule protein modification”, and “plasma membrane” were enriched from this list. Filtering was done to identify more likely candidate pathways involved in conferring chilling tolerance, resulting in enrichment of terms related to “Golgi apparatus”, “stress response”, “transmembrane transport”, and “signal transduction”. Conclusions: Taken together, these GO term clusters revealed a likely involvement of Golgi-mediated subcellular and extracellular vesicle and intracellular carbohydrate transport as a general cold stress tolerance response mechanism to achieve cell and metabolic homeostasis under chilling stress.
Predictive modeling of novel coronavirus spreading in European regions based on worldwide data-sets
Authors: Vechet Stanislav , Krejsa Jiri 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV outbreak which was reported by World Health Organization (WHO) at 21th of January 2020 situation report spreads around the globe during next few weeks and causes serious health, social and financial issues. The primary epicentre was reported is Wuhan City, China and together with other affected regions in Asia remains the most monitored area. On the other hand, the European region was experiencing only a few cases until February 29th when the number of confirmed cases reached one thousand infections. Within a few days during the 8th of March the Italian most infected places were locked by restrictive quarantine. In this study we present probabilistic model to track the infection spread trough the European regions based on the model adjusted with worldwide data-sets. Methods To track and predict the officially reported number of cases we developed probabilistic model with the ability to predict the number of confirmed cases one day ahead. The model has internal/hidden parameters which cannot be directly observed such as the number of infectious individuals or transmissibility rate which is represented by reproduction number $R_t$. The model starts with assumed number of infectious individuals and reproduction number $R_0$ and as more data are gathered from data-sets during time the internal parameters are further estimated. The model is updated each day as the new number of confirmed cases are reported. Particle filters algorithm is used as the back-end method due to its ability to handle multi-modal data distribution. Results Presented results show the performance of the probabilistic model which is able to handle short-term prediction (in number of days) of confirmed and recovered cases. The estimated reproduction rate is further used in long-term simulation which fits the data gathered world-wide. The one day prediction error is below 5\% of nominal value and as we are located in Czechia the prediction model for our region was tested 4 days forward with the same error. The overal performance of the model was compared to data gathered from China due to the longer history of measurements. Conclusion We have proposed a probabilistic model which is used with particle filters to predict next moves of the confirmed cases. As a side effect we were able to model internal parameters as reproduction number or recovery rate which can be used for running long-term simulations of virus spreading.
The Competence of Village Doctors in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Disease in Rural China: A Nationally Representative Assessment
Authors: Guo Wilson , Sylvia Sean , Umble Karl , Chen Yunwei , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Yi Hongmei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background While strengthening primary care quality is key to China’s health system reforms, evidence to guide this work has been limited, particularly for rural areas. This study provides the first nationally representative assessment of village doctors’ competence in diagnosing and managing presumptive heart disease. Methods A cross-sectional study of village clinics was conducted across five provinces. We presented standardized clinical vignettes to evaluate doctors’ competence in diagnosing and managing unstable angina. Enumerators accompanying mock patients documented the interaction, including questions, examinations, diagnoses, and management options provided by the doctor. We measured diagnostic process competence as degree of adherence to both “recommended” and “essential” questions and physical examinations stated in national clinical practice guidelines for patients stating typical symptoms of unstable angina. We assessed diagnostic competence according to whether doctors stated a correct or partially correct diagnosis. Finally, we assessed management as whether doctors provided correct or partially correct medication and/or referral. Management was assessed twice: following doctors’ own diagnoses determined through questioning and physical examinations, and after enumerators provided doctors with the correct diagnosis. Results Doctors completed 26% of recommended and 39% of essential diagnostic questions and examinations; 21% of doctors arrived at a correct diagnosis. Rates of correct management were 44% following doctors’ own diagnosis and 50% after being given the correct diagnosis. When we gave doctors the correct diagnosis and only asked them to provide a treatment, they prescribed 82% fewer potentially harmful medications than when they had provided their own (potentially incorrect) diagnosis. Conclusions The ability of village doctors to diagnose a textbook case of unstable angina is limited. Deficits in diagnostic competence led to low rates of correct management.
Ethnobotany as A Science of Preserving Traditional Knowledge: A Case Study of Herbal Uses of Plants in Trans-Himalaya (Ladakh), India
Authors: Haq Shiekh Marifatul , Calixto Eduardo Soares , Malik Zubair A. , Kunwar Ripu M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background - The sixth anthropocene mass extinction in the last 540 million years indicates that human activities including illegal trade is the fundamental threat to the endangered species, their habitats and to the global biodiversity as well. In this context, it is paramount keeping in view the role of hotspot regions in the conservation of biodiversity and their varied potential of ethnobotanical services.The present study quantified the traditional ethnobotanical usage and people’s choices of plants and evaluated the composition, distribution, trade and conservation of plants in Ladakh region, India.Methods - During 2018-2019, ethnobotanical documentation of the plants growing in Ladakh (a part of trans-Himalaya), India, was carried out to collect information regarding different usages of plant species growing in the region through open and close-ended questionnaire surveys and interviews. Multivariate ecological community analysis was used to find the relationship between ethnobotanical usage and plant species.Results - Floristically, a total of 103 species belonging to 80 genera and 38 families were reported to be used as medicine, food, fodder, fuelwood, fragrance, dye, flavor and oil. Asteraceae was the largest family with 20% species, followed by Ranunculaceae (10% species) and Fabaceae (7% species). Three plant usage clusters were determined at a vertical distance value of 0.4 where the clusters are distinctly separated. Preference analysis showed the highest priority of local people for medicinal use of plants followed by fodder and fuelwood. The most frequently used plant parts were leaves followed by roots and flowers. Local Amchis and elderly people had great familiarity with medicinal plants and their ethnic usage. The plant species harvested were sought for self-consumption (65%) and for commercial purposes (35%).Conclusions - The present study provides unique information regarding the ethnobotanical knowledge in Ladakh region and baseline data for future researchers, policymakers, public, land managers, and the other stakeholders to develop scientifically-informed strategies for conservation of natural resources and sustainable use of plant diversity in hotspot regions like trans-Himalayas and other similar biodiversity-rich sites.
First month of the epidemic caused by COVID-19 in Italy: current status and real-time outbreak development forecast
Authors: Megna Rosario 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The first outbreaks of COVID-19 in Italy occurred during the second half of February 2020 in some areas in the North of the country. Due to the high contagiousness of the infection, further spread by asymptomatic people, Italy has become in a few weeks the country with the greatest number of infected people in the World. The large number of severe cases among infected people in Italy led to the hospitalization of thousands of patients, with a heavy burden on the National Health Service. Methods: We analyzed data provided daily by Italian Authorities for the period from 24 February 2020 to 30 March 2020. Considering such information, we developed a forecast model in real-time, based on the cumulative logistic distribution. We then produced an estimate of the overall number of potentially infected individuals and epidemic duration at a national and Regional level, for the most affected Regions. Results: We reported the daily distribution of performed swabs and confirmed cases, and the cumulative distribution of confirmed cases, of patients quarantined at home (43.0%), hospitalized in non-intensive care (27.3%), recovered or discharged (14.4%), deceased (11.4%), and hospitalized in intensive care (3.9%). The forecast model estimated a number of infected persons for Italy of 130,000 about, and a duration of the epidemic greater than 2 months. Conclusions: Once month after the first outbreaks there seems to be the first signs of a decrease in the number of infections, showing that we could be now facing the descending phase of the epidemic. The forecast obtained thanks to our model could be used by decision-makers to implement coordinative and collaborative efforts in order to control the epidemic.
Mahjong: A routine activity that has chronically harmed the health of land-lost peasants in Southwest China
Authors: Xie Xiaoyun , Zhao Yong , Zhang Fan , su Shu , Zhang Nachuan , Liu Ruiyi , Shi Zhumin , Zeng Huan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Mahjong is a four-player gambling game that originated in China. It is a very popular recreational hobby among land-lost Chinese peasants who have moved to the city due to urbanization. This study aims to identify the influencing factors of Mahjong playing behaviors and their effects on the health of land-lost peasants. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two districts of Chongqing (Southwest China), which is the first pilot area of the urban–rural integration in China. Researchers recruited 539 land-lost peasants to implement a self-report questionnaire survey. Logistic regression was conducted to identify the key factors associated with Mahjong playing behaviors. Result: This study found that age is a crucial factor affecting the Mahjong playing behaviors of land-lost peasants. The middle-aged (30–49 years old) and elderly (>= 50 years old) are extremely prone to be problematic Mahjong players when compared with young people (18–29 years old). Moreover, people with a high monthly income are more likely to be problematic Mahjong players compared with those with a low monthly income. In addition, the high frequency of playing and long duration of sessions in the enclosed, smoky environment of Mahjong parlors introduce significant hazards to the health of land-lost peasants. However, Mahjong can help them build a social network, provide them with spiritual comfort, and ultimately integrate them into a new environment.Conclusion: Therefore, we call for measures that can make Mahjong an activity for entertainment rather than gambling and reduce the adverse effects of Mahjong playing behaviors on the players’ health.
FASCE, benefit of spironolactone for treating acne of adult female: study protocol for a randomized double-blind trial
Authors: Poinas Alexandra , Lemoigne Marie , Naour Sarah Le , Nguyen Jean-Michel , Schirr-Bonnans Solène , Riche Valery-Pierre , Vrignaud Florence , Machet Laurent , Claudel Jean-Paul , Leccia Marie-Thérèse , Hainaut Ewa , Beneton Nathalie , Dert Cécile , Boisrobert Aurélie , Flet Laurent , Chiffoleau Anne , Corvec Stéphane , Khammari Amir , Dréno Brigitte 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Acne vulgaris of adult woman has increased over the past 10 years; it affects currently 20 to 30% of adult women. The physiopathology of adult woman acne is distinguished from the teenager one essentially by 2 factors: hormonal one with a peripheral hyperandrogeny coupled with an hypersensibility of cutaneous androgens receptors and an inflammatory one linked with Cutibacterium acnes. On a therapeutic plan, in female acne, four types of systemic treatment, approved in this indication are: cyclines which are problematic for the bacterial resistance; zinc salts which target only the inflammatory lesions and are less effective as cycline; antiandrogens, with acetate of cyproterone associated with risks of phlebitis and pulmonary embolism and recently meningioma. The last alternative is represented by isotretinoin but the use in women of childbearing potential is binding because of the teratogen risks and in addition, peripheral hyperandrogenia represents an identified risk of relapse. In this context, the spironolactone could represent an interesting alternative. It blocks the 5-alpha-reductase receptors at sebaceous gland and inhibits LH production at the pituitary level. It has not isotretinoin constraints, does not lead to bacterial resistance and targets the peripheral hyperandrogenia. Currently, very few studies have been performed on a weak number of patients. They showed that at low doses (lower than 200mg/day), spironolactone can be effective against acne. Methods: In that context, it seemed clearly interesting to perform the first double-blind randomized study spironolactone vs cyclines, which remains the moderate acne reference treatment and to demonstrate the superiority of spironolactone’s efficacy in order to establish it as an alternative way to cyclines. Discussion: Acne’s treatment frequently used in female acne is systemic antibiotics with many courses as it is a chronic inflammatory disease. In the context of recent WHO revelation about serious, worldwide threat to public health about antibiotic resistance, this trial could permit to give to the physician another alternative in adult female acne before using isotretinoin whose management is more complex. Trial registration : On ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number NCT03334682, first published on 7 November, 2017. Recruitment is still ongoing. Keywords : acne vulgaris, spironolactone, cycline
Internet-based psychodynamic therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy for adolescents with depression: Study protocol for a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial (the ERiCA study)
Authors: Mechler Jakob , Lindqvist Karin , Carlbring Per , Lilliengren Peter , Falkenström Fredrik , Andersson Gerhard , Topooco Naira , Johansson Robert , Midgley Nick , Edbrooke-Childs Julian , Dahl Hanne-Sofie J , Sandell Rolf , Thorén Agneta , Ulberg Randi , Bergsten Katja Lindert , Philips Björn 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Adolescent depression is a common mental health problem and there is an urgent need for effective and accessible treatments. Internet-based interventions solve many obstacles for seeking and receiving treatment, thus increasing access to effective treatments. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) for adolescent depression has demonstrated efficacy in previous trials. In order to broaden the range of evidence-based treatments for young people we evaluated a newly developed affect-focused internet-based psychodynamic treatment (IPDT) in a previous study with promising results. The purpose of the planned study is to evaluate the efficacy of IPDT for adolescent depression in a non-inferiority trial, comparing it to ICBT. Methods: The study will employ a parallel randomized non-inferiority design (ratio 1:1; n = 210). Eligible participants are adolescents 15-19 years suffering from depression. The primary hypothesis is that IPDT will be non-inferior to ICBT in reducing depressive symptoms from pre-treatment to end of treatment. Secondary research questions include comparing outcomes of IPDT and ICBT regarding anxiety symptoms, emotion regulation and self-compassion. Additional data will be collected to evaluate cost-effectiveness as well as investigating predictors, moderators and mediators of outcome. In addition, we will examine long-term outcome up to one year after end of treatment. Diagnostic interviews with MINI 7.0 will be used to establish primary diagnosis of depression as well as ruling out any exclusion criteria. Both treatments consist of eight modules over ten weeks, complemented with therapist support through text messages and weekly chat sessions. Primary outcome measure is the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology in Adolescents Self-Rated (QIDS-A17-SR). Primary outcome will be analyzed using data from all participants entering the study using a multilevel growth curve strategy based on the weekly measurements of QIDS-A17-SR. The non-inferiority margin is defined as d = 0.30. Discussion: This trial will demonstrate whether IPDT is non-inferior to ICBT in the treatment of adolescent depression. The study might therefore broaden the range of evidence-based treatment alternatives for young people struggling with depression. Further analyses of data from this trial may increase our knowledge about "what works for whom" and the pathways of change for two distinct types of interventions.
Should we keep hope? Key 8 weeks - Spatiotemporal epidemic characteristics of COVID-19 in Sichuan Province and its comparative analysis with other provinces in China and global epidemic trend
Authors: Xu Xinyin , Zeng Jing , Liu Runyou , Liu Yang , Zhou Lijun , Dong Ting , Cha Yuxin , Wang Zhuo , Deng Ying , Zhang Yu , Feng Liao , Pu Chen , Wu Xianping , Zhong Bo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
To compare the epidemiological characteristics of Sichuan Province, other provinces in China and the world epidemic trends by analyzing the prevalence and length of epidemic time. Visualizing the development and changes of epidemic situation by layer through maps. 539 cases were reported in Sichuan Province, with the incidence rate of 0.6462 / 100,000. The closer to Hubei, the heavier the epidemic. Eight weeks after Wuhan lockdown, all became better. The longest epidemic length in city level was 53 days, median 23 days. It was released quickly in the 1st month, and accelerated in the 2ed month (three times of 1st month). Most countries outside China began to rise rapidly 4 weeks after their first case. Some European countries was earlier than USA. Most countries now entered the second phase of the rise. Adopting positive isolation and control measures in key 8 weeks will help us to fight the epidemic.