bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Silico studies of Natural compounds that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Nsp1/Nsp3 proteins mediated Viral Replication and Pathogenesis
Authors: Manikyam Hemanth Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Highly Transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that emerged in late December of 2019 caused Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), which challenged human health and public safety. Severity of the disease depends on the viral load and the type of mutation that occurred in the coronavirus. Nonstructural proteins like, Nsp1, Nsp3, Nsp12 and Nsp13 including other viral proteins plays important role during viral replication life cycle. Viral Replication initiated by hacking the host cellular mechanism either by synergy or by suppression using nucleocapsid proteins of the virus. Spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) and TRMPSS as a cell entry. Once virus enters host cell, nucleocapsid proteins along with its genome is releases from endosomes into cytosol of the host cell. Ca2+/CaM (Calmodulin)/Calcineurin complex of the host cell plays important role during viral replication which is mediated by nucleocapsid proteins of the virus. Nsp1/Nsp3 nonstructural proteins triggers synergetic activity with CD147/CyPA/HSPG pathway and TRMP2/ADPr/Ca+2 mediated Ca2+/CaM (Calmodulin)/Calcineurin synthesis and free radicle generation in mitochondria leading to viral replication and severe chemokine activation pathways. Docking studies were carried out to inhibit Cyclophilin A and TRMP2 proteins as drug targets. Natural compounds like Withanolide A, Columbin, Cucurbitacin E, Boswellic acid along with Cyclosporines, Vitamin E and N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) were selected as ligands to study docking studies. Withanolide A and Cyclosporines had shown good inhibition activity against Cyclophilin A, whereas Columbin, Boswellic acid, Cucurbitacin E, Vitamin E and N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) had shown inhibitory activity against TRMP2. Thus, we suggest conducting further studies to conclude above pathways mechanism and inhibitory effect of natural compounds against the Nsp1/Nsp3 mediated pathways Invitro and In vivo.
Prone position in wards for spontaneous breathing Covid-19 patients: a retrospective study.
Authors: Wormser Johan , Romanet Christophe , Philippart François 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused a large number of non-ventilated hypoxemic patients to require the use of prone position. The aim of this study is to measure the efficiency and tolerance of prone positioning in ward hypoxemic patients treated for Covid-19. This retrospective study included confirmed Covid-19 hypoxemic patients treated by at least one prone position session. Primary outcome was pulse oximetry over inspired oxygen fraction ratio (SpO2/FiO2) before, during and after prone position. Secondary outcomes were failure, adverse events and poor tolerance rate. Twenty-seven patients were included. During first, second and third sessions, SpO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly higher during posture than before (p<0.0001, p<0.01 and p<0.01 respectively). Eighteen patients were responders (defined as an improvement of SpO2/FiO2 of more than 50) during the first posture and have a shorter length of hospital stay than non-responders patients. Failure rate was 5 %, poor tolerance and adverse events rates were 8 % and 7 % respectively. Our study found that prone position in wards improved alveolar exchange during posture and is well-tolerated. This technique could be used in any medical ward.
Structural analogues of existing anti-viral drugs inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase: A computational hierarchical investigation
Authors: Hasan Md. Kamrul , Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Manjur Omar Hamza Bin , Mahmud Araf , Hussain Nazmul , Mondal Muhammad Shafiul Alam , Hosen Md. Ismail , Bello Martiniano , Rahman Atiqur 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It’s been more than 8 months since COVID-19 became a pandemic and scientists all over the world are struggling to find suitable solutions to combat it. Multiple repurposed drugs have already been in several trials or recently completed. However, none of them shows any promising effect in combating COVID-19. Therefore, developing an effective drug is an unmet global need. RdRP (RNA dependent RNA polymerase) plays a pivotal role in viral replication therefore, it is considered as a prime target of drugs that may treat COVID-19. In this study, we have screened a library of compounds, containing approved RdRP inhibitor drugs in use to treat other viruses (Favipiravir, Sofosbuvir, Ribavirin, Lopinavir, Tenofovir, Ritonavir, Galidesivir and Remdesivir) and their structural homologues, in order to identify potential inhibitors of SARS-Cov-2 RdRP. Extensive screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics show that five structural analogues have notable inhibitory effects against RdRP of SARS-Cov-2. Importantly, comparative protein-antagonists interaction revealed that these compounds fit well in the pocket of RdRP. ADMET analysis of these compounds suggests their potency as drug candidates. Our identified compounds may serve as potential therapeutics for COVID-19.
Competing risk between in-hospital mortality and recovery: An application of DeepHit on COVID-19 clinical data
Authors: M.K. Lintu , Kamath Asha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Unexplained pneumonia appeared in Wuhan was soon determined to be a novel coronavirus disease, referred to as COVID-19. On March 11, 2020, WHO characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic and the virus has been recognized as a global threat. A plethora of studies is being carried out using various statistical and mathematical models to predict the probable evolution of this pandemic. Though most of them are focusing on building predictive models to assess mortality rates and risk, concentrating on the length of hospital stay can improve decision making and treatment plans. While modeling the length of stay, possible outcomes observed are either discharge or mortality. Modeling the duration of recovery and death provides valuable information for health officials to design proper strategies to reduce the burden on the health system during the outbreak. In this study, we are exploring this competing event aspect of the survival data obtained from COVID-19 patients using the state-of-the-art model DeepHit, a discrete survival model.
Impact of nephron sparing surgery on survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients stratified by tumor characteristics
Authors: Jin Liang , Zhai Ting-shuai , Zhou Zhen , Liu Xiang , Zhang Jia-xin , Nie Xiao-cui , Liu Hui-qing , Yao Xu-dong , Yue Feng , Ye Lin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: We aimed to evaluate the impact of nephron sparing surgery (NSS) on survival in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients stratified by tumor grade and stage compared to radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) or no surgery. Methods: Overall, 10319 UTUC patients between 2004 and 2015 were extracted from the SEER database. Patients were divided into no surgery group, NSS group and RNU group. Kaplan-Meier plots illustrated survival rates according to surgical method. Multivariable Cox regression analyses assessed the effect of different surgical methods on survival rates. Result: Among the 10319 UTUC patients. Kaplan-Meier plots showed that NSS was associated with a higher overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ and AJCC stage Ⅳ patients (all p <0.05). In multivariable Cox regression analyses, NSS was prone to a higher OS or CSS in grade Ⅲ ( p > 0.05). Moreover, NSS predisposed to a higher OS only in AJCC stage Ⅳ ( p <0.05). Conclusion: The beneficial effect of NSS was evident in grade Ⅲ or AJCC stage Ⅳ. NSS can be considered in grade Ⅲ or stage Ⅳ, for other grades or stages remains to be seen, both of which will be verified by further prospective research.
Effect of different types of cerebral perfusion for acute type A aortic dissection undergoing aortic arch procedure, unilateral versus bilateral
Authors: Liu Zhengqin , Wang Chen , Zhang Xiquan , Wu Shuming , Fang Changcun , Pang Xinyan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP), including unilateral and bilateral, is most commonly used for cerebral protection in aortic surgery. There is still no consensus on the superiority of the two methods. Our research aimed to investigate the clinical effects of u-ACP and b-ACP. Methods: 321 of 356 patients with type A aortic dissection were studied retrospectively. 124 patients (38.6%) received u-ACP, and 197 patients (61.4%) received b-ACP. We compared the incidence of postoperative neurological complications and other collected data between two groups. Besides, we also analyzed perioperative variables to find the potential associated factors for neurological dysfunction (ND). Results: For u-ACP group, 54 patients (43.5%) had postoperative neurological complications, including 22 patients (17.7%) with permanent neurologic dysfunction (PND) and 32 patients (25.8%) with temporary neurologic dysfunction (TND). For b-ACP group, 47 patients (23.8%) experienced postoperative neurological complications, including 16 patients (8.1%) of PND and 31 patients (15.7%) of TND. The incidence of PND and TND were significantly different between two groups along with shorter CPB time (p=0.016), higher nasopharyngeal temperature (p≦0.000), shorter ventilation time (p=0.018), and lower incidence of hypoxia (p=0.022). Furthermore, multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis confirmed that preoperative neurological dysfunction (OR=1.20, P= 0.028), CPB duration (OR=3.21, P=0.002), and type of cerebral perfusion (OR=1.48, P=0.017) were strongly associated with postoperative ND. Conclusions: In our study, it was observed that b-ACP procedure exhibited shorter CPB time, milder hypothermia, shorter ventilation time, lower incidence of postoperative hypoxia, and neurological dysfunction compared to u-ACP. Meanwhile, the incidence of ND was independently associated with three factors: preoperative neurological dysfunction, CPB time, and type of cerebral perfusion.
GsLTP, a Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Protein from Glycine soja, Enhances Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco
Authors: Fan Jinping , Liu Jingshuang , Cao Lei , Wang Jiayue , Meng Qingxue , Che Daidi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) mainly exist in plant cell walls where they make an important impact in the transport of diverse lipophilic compounds. They have an important effect on the stress tolerance of plants by mediating plant responses to environmental stimuli and cell signal transduction pathways. Although the functions of several LTPS in different plant species have been identified, little is known about the biochemical and enzymatic activities of LTP family members in soybeans.Results: Herein, GsLTP was identified from Glycine soja using soybean gene microarray expression and screened in a salt stress expressed sequence tag (EST) library. The 369 bp open reading frame (ORF) encodes a protein of 122 amino acids. The cDNA sequence shares similarity with LTP genes in other plants such as soybean (93%) and Vigna (72%). The function of the gene was characterized in transgenic tobacco. Various physiological characteristics under different environmental stresses were investigated. We discovered that overexpression of GsLTP enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stresses.Conclusions: Our results indicate that GsLTP plays an important role in multiple abiotic signalling pathways, and provide a theoretical basis and practical gene resource for crop breeding.
Robot-assisted sleeve gastrectomy in patients with obesity with a novel Chinese domestic MicroHand SⅡ surgical system
Authors: Li Weizheng , Kong Kang , Li Pengzhou , Wang Guohui , Cui Beibei , Zhu Liyong , Zhu Shaihong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: A new member has been added to the Chinese MicroHand surgical robot family, developed based on the successful application of control algorithms. As a benefit of using these specialized control algorithms, the motion mapping relation can be built up without the help of a built-in image system, resulting in a novel Chinese domestic surgical robot with two arms called MicroHand SⅡ, which is different from the former MicroHand S and da Vinci systems. The analysis technique of clinical practise using the Chinese domestic surgical robot to perform sleeve gastrectomy is not well presented. In this study, we investigate the performance of a novel MicroHand SⅡ robotic platform in patients with obesity. Methods: From March 2018 to April 2019, a total of 7 patients affected by obesity were operated on with the robot-assisted technique using the MicroHand SⅡ surgical system. Data regarding demography, surgical procedure and the 3-month outcome postoperation were collected.Results: There were 2 female and 5 male patients with a mean age of 34.0±11.4 years. The mean operative time was 166.4 ±16.1 minutes. None were converted to open surgery. All anthropometry indices improved significantly at 3 months postoperatively.Conclusions: In conclusion, the Chinese domestic robot surgical system MicroHand SⅡ could be feasibly and safely applied in sleeve gastrectomy in patients with obesity. This robotic platform has presented its own obvious advantages.
Association between platelet count and mucosal healing in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Furukawa Shinya , Yagi Sen , Shiraishi Kana , Mori Kenichirou , Ninomiya Tomoyuki , Kawasaki Keitarou , Mizukami Yuji , Suzuki Seiyuu , Uraoka Masayoshi , Shibata Naozumi , Nakamura Sanae , Imamine Satoshi , Murakami Hidehiro , Ohashi Katsuhisa , Torisu Masamoto , Hasebe Aki , Yano Harumi , Murakami Masato , Takeshita Eiji , Ikeda Yoshio , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Mucosal healing (MH) has been indicated as the therapeutic goal for ulcerative colitis (UC). Platelet count is known as an inflammation evaluation. However, the association between platelet count and MH among patients with UC is still scarce. We therefore assessed this issue among Japanese patients with UC. Methods: The study subjects consisted of 345 Japanese patients with UC. Platelet count was divided into quartiles on the basis of the distribution of all study subjects (low, moderate, high, and very high). Several endoscope specialists were responsible for evaluating MH and partial MH, which was defined as a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0 and 0-1, respectively. Estimations of crude odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for partial MH and MH in relation to platelet count were performed using logistic regression analysis. Age, sex, CRP, steroid use, and anti-Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) preparation were selected a priori as potential confounding factors. Results: The percentage of partial MH and MH were 63.2 and 26.1%, respectively. Moderate and very high was independently inversely associated with partial MH (moderate: OR 0.40 [95%CI: 0.19-0.810], very high: OR 0.37 [95%CI: 0.17-0.77], p for trend= 0.034). Similarly, moderate, high, and very high were independently inversely associated with MH (moderate: OR 0.37 [95% CI: 0.18-0.73], high: OR 0.41 [95% CI: 0.19-0.83], and very high: OR 0.45 [95% CI: 0.21-0.94], p for trend = 0.033) after adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusions: Among patients with UC, platelet count was independently inversely associated with MH.
Civilian gunshot wounds to the head: a case report, clinical management, and literature review
Authors: Qi Haoyi , Li Kunzheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Civilian gunshot wounds to the head refer to brain injury caused by projectiles such as gun projectiles and various fragments generated by explosives in a power launch or explosion. Gunshot wounds to the head are the deadliest of all gun injuries. According to literature statistics, the survival rate of patients with gunshot wounds to the head is only 9%. Due to the strict management of various types of firearms, they rarely occur, so the injury mechanism, injury and trauma analysis, clinical management, and surgical standards are almost entirely based on military experience, and there are few related reports, especially of the head, in which an individual suffered a fatal blow more than once in a short time. We report a case with a return to almost complete recovery despite the patient suffering two gunshot injuries to the head in a short period of time.Case Presentations: We present a case of a 53-year old man who suffered two gunshot injuries to the head under unknown circumstances. On initial presentation, the patient had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 6, was unable to communicate, and had loss of consciousness. The first bullet penetrated the right frontal area and finally reached the right occipital lobe. When the patient reflexively shielded his head with his hand, the second bullet passed through the patient's right palm bone, entered the right frontotemporal area, and came to rest deep in the lateral sulcus. The patient had a cerebral hernia when he was admitted to the hospital and immediately entered the operating room for rescue after a computed tomography scan. After two foreign body removals and skull repair, the patient recovered completely.Conclusions: Gunshot wounds to the head have a high mortality rate and usually require aggressive management. Evaluation of most gunshot injuries requires extremely fast imaging examination upon arrival at the hospital, followed by proactive treatment against infection, seizure, and increased intracranial pressure. Surgical intervention is usually necessary, and its key points include the timing, method, and scope of the operation.
Comparison of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and conventional PCR for Diagnosis of common Brucella species
Authors: Moeini-Zanjani Ali , Pournajaf Abazar , Ferdosi-Shahandashti Elaheh , Gholami Mehrdad , Masjedian Faramarz , Khafri Soraya , Rajabnia Ramazan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: Rapid, reliable, and affordable detection of Brucella species via the molecular methods remains a challenge. In recent years, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a functional nucleic acid amplification technique offering a substitute to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). So, we compared the LAMP assay with the conventional PCR for the identification of common Brucella species in Iran. In this study, LAMP assay was comprehensively evaluated against the common PCR method. A group of specific LAMP primers were used to amplify a highly specific fragment from the sequence of the Brucella abortus bcsp31 gene. Sensitivity and specificity values of tests were done with a set of 78 (50 Brucella and 28 non-Brucella) strains.Results: A dilution series of Brucella abortus DNA indicated that the LAMP reaction could reliably detect 10 (fg/µl) DNA target copies per reaction within 36 minute, which is 10 times greater than the PCR assay. In summary, we conclude that LAMP assay provide accurate and fast test results to identify of common Brucella species in low-complexity labs, mainly in low and lower middle income countries.
Does substrate colour affect the visual appearance of gilded medieval sculptures? Part I: Colorimetry and interferometric microscopy of gilded models
Authors: Wu Qing , Hauldenschild Meret , Rösner Benedikt , Lombardo Tiziana , Schmidt-Ott Katharina , Watts Benjamin , Nolting Frithjof , Ganz David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the history of medieval gilding, a common view has been circulated for centuries that the substrate colour can influence the visual appearance of a gilded surface. In order to fully understand the correlation between the gilding substrate and the colour appearance of the gold leaf laid above, in this paper (Part I) analytical techniques such as colorimetry and interferometric microscopy are implemented on models made from modern gold leaves. This study demonstrates that the substrate colour is not perceptible for gold leaf of at least 100 nm thickness, however the surface burnishing can greatly alter the visual appearance of a gold surface, and the quality of the burnishing is dependent on the substrate materials. Additionally, surface roughness and texture of the substrate can play supplementary roles, which can be visually observed through digital microscopy and quantified through interferometric microscopy. The findings in this paper will form the basis for the study of gold leaf samples taken from medieval European gilded sculptures in Part II.
The role of knee arthroscopy in managing common soft-tissue complications after total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective case series study.
Authors: Hou Yunfei , Gao Jiaxiang , Chen Jian , Lin Jianhao , Ni Lei , Sun Tiezheng , Jiang Jun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the feasibility, safety and therapeutic efficacy of arthroscopy in managing the 3 most common soft-tissue complications, peripatellar impingement (PI), arthrofibrosis (AF) and generalized synovitis (GS), after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: A retrospective review of patients undertaking arthroscopy for PI, AF and GS was conducted. Outcome measures included complications, postoperative range of motion (ROM), Knee Society Score (KSS), and rates of symptom recurrence, prosthesis revision. Intraoperative findings and surgical procedures were also recorded. Paired t test, Fisher’s exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction were used for statistical evaluation.Results: A total of 74 patients, including 35 patients with peripatellar impingement, 25 patients with arthrofibrosis and 14 patients with generalized synovitis, with a mean age of 66.1±7.9 years, were analysed. The mean follow-up (FU) duration was 81.3±40.6 months. All patients underwent arthroscopic surgery safely without intraoperative complications. However, there were 4 postoperative complications, including 1 acute myocardial infarction and 3 periprosthetic joint infections. Overall, patients acquired improvements in ROM from 81.7±23.1° to 96.8±20.5° (p <0.05), in KSS knee score from 64.2±9.6 to 78.7±12.1 (p <0.05), and in KSS function score from 61.1±7.4 to 77.3±12.2 (p <0.05) postoperatively. Patients in all 3 groups had improvements in ROM (p <0.05), KSS knee score (p <0.05) and KSS function score (p <0.05). The overall recurrence rate was 22.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 15.1%-34.9%), and the overall revision rate was 14.9% (95% CI 8.6%-25.6%). There were significant differences in both the symptom recurrence and prosthesis revision rates among the groups (p<0.05). The PI group had a significantly lower symptom recurrence rate (11.4%, 95% CI 4.5%-28.7%) and revision rate (8.6%, 95% CI 2.9%-25.3%) (p <0.017), while the GS group had a significantly higher recurrence rate (42.9%, 95% CI 23.4%-78.5%) and revision rate (35.7%, 95% CI 17.6%-72.1%) (p <0.017). Conclusions: In the setting of symptomatic TKA, although carrying certain risks for PJI and other complications, arthroscopic intervention could be feasible and provide clinical improvement in most cases at an average of 81.3 months follow-up. Patients with PI had the best outcomes, while patients with GS had the worst outcomes.Level of evidence: Level IV