bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enviromagnetic study of Late Quaternary environmental evolution in Lower Volga loess sequences, Russia
Authors: Költringer Chiara , Stevens Thomas , Bradák Balázs , Almqvist Bjarne , Kurbanov Redzhep , Snowball Ian , Yarovaya Sofya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe late Quaternary development of the Lower Volga region of Russia is characterized by an alternating influence of marine and continental environments resulting from fluctuations in Caspian Sea level during the last glaciation. However, sediments deposited under continental conditions have received very little research attention compared to the under- and overlying marine deposits, such that even their origin is still in debate. Detailed magnetic mineralogical analyses presented here show clear similarities to loess. The results suggest that climate during the time of loess deposition, the Atelian regression (27–80 ka, MIS 4–3), was dry and cool, similar to the modern-day Northern Caspian lowland. The magnetic properties recorded in the loess-paleosol sequences of the Lower Volga also point to short episodes of potentially more humid and warmer climate during the late Atelian. The new findings in regard to the local Caspian climate and environmental evolution support decreased river discharge from the Russian Plain and Siberian Plain as the dominant factor causing the low Caspian sea level stand during the Atelian, although local-regional climate changes might have had an additional influence.
RADIOCARBON DATING OF ORACLE BONES OF LATE SHANG PERIOD IN ANCIENT CHINA
Authors: Liu Kexin , Wu Xiaohong , Guo Zhiyu , Yuan Sixun , Ding Xingfang , Fu Dongpo , Pan Yan 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTOracle bone script developed into a sophisticated writing system in Shang Dynasty of China more than 3000 years ago. The systematic scientific dating of oracle bones had not been previously reported. Here we present radiocarbon (14C) dates measured from the sequential samples of oracle bones that pertain to the Shang kings. The results indicate that King Wu Ding (who is called Wu Ting in some literature) reigned during 1254 BC to 1197 BC, and the Shang Dynasty terminated around 1041 BC. It also points that the Li group in the sequence of oracle bones is most probably related to the time of King Wu Ding and Zu Geng.
Estimated dietary polyphenol intake and major food sources of the Brazilian population
Authors: Carnauba Renata A. , Hassimotto Neuza M. A. , Lajolo Franco M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEpidemiological studies have suggested an inverse association between polyphenol intake and the risk of chronic diseases. However, the lack of comprehensive data on population-level intakes, especially in Latin American countries, has limited research on this topic. We aimed to estimate total and individual polyphenol intakes and determine the major dietary contributors in a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey, a cross-sectional survey which included data on individual food intake of 34 003 subjects aged 10 years and over collected using two 24-h dietary records. Polyphenol content of foods was identified using the Phenol-Explorer database and Brazilian Food Composition Database. Total and individual polyphenol intake was calculated, as well as the intake distribution by socio-demographic factors. The median and 25–75th percentiles of polyphenol intake were 364·3 and 200·9–1008 mg/d, respectively. After energy adjustment, the median and 25–75th percentiles of polyphenol intake were 204 and 111·4–542·1 mg/1000 kcal/d (4184 kJ/d), respectively. Non-alcoholic beverages and fruits were the major polyphenol suppliers, and coffee and orange juice the main individual food contributors to polyphenol intake. The individual compounds most consumed were isomers of chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, 3-caffeoylquinic acid), naringenin and hesperetin. The present study provides, for the first time, data on dietary intake of total and individual polyphenols by the Brazilian population and illustrates the low quality of their diet. These results will facilitate the study of associations between polyphenol class intake and health outcomes, and will also be useful for future dietary intake recommendations.
Plenitudinous Russellianism, ‘That’-Clauses, and the Principle of Substitutivity
Authors: Mousavian Seyed N. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTRecently, in a series of papers, Joshua Spencer has introduced, defended, and developed a modified version of Neo-Russellianism (NR), namely Plenitudinous Russellianism (PR), according to which there are structurally identical but numerically distinct singular Russellian propositions (SRPs). PR claims to provide novel semantic solutions to all the major problems that NR faces with no radical revision in NR. In this paper, I introduce a semantic puzzle for PR: the view leads to the violation of the principle of substitutivity of co-referential proper names within simple (predicative) ‘that’-clauses (PS1). I consider different responses to my argument, and show that none of them is fully satisfactory for the Russellian. I conclude that PR needs to depart from NR more radically.
Father absence, age at menarche, and genetic confounding: A replication and extension using a polygenic score
Authors: Schlomer Gabriel L. , Marceau Kristine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFather absence has a small but robust association with earlier age at menarche (AAM), likely reflecting both genetic confounding and an environmental influence on life history strategy development. Studies that have attempted to disambiguate genetic versus environmental contributions to this association have shown conflicting findings, though genomic-based studies have begun to establish the role of gene–environment interplay in the father absence/AAM literature. The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend prior genomic work using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective longitudinal cohort study (N = 2,685), by (a) testing if an AAM polygenic score (PGS) could account for the father absence/AAM association, (b) replicating G×E research on lin-28 homolog B (LIN28B) variation and father absence, and (c) testing the G×E hypothesis using the PGS. Results showed that the PGS could not explain the father absence/AAM association and there was no interaction between father absence and the PGS. Findings using LIN28B largely replicated prior work that showed LIN28B variants predicted later AAM in father-present girls, but this AAM-delaying effect was absent or reversed in father-absent girls. Findings are discussed in terms genetic confounding, the unique biological role of LIN28B, and using PGSs for G×E tests.
Process, quality and challenges of diabetes care in primary care: a study of district health network in Thailand
Authors: Somanawat Jumnean , Saramunee Kritsanee , Chanasopon Suratchada 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to describe the process of care, assess the quality of care based on defined indicators, and identify challenges associated with providing diabetes care via sub-district health promotion hospital (SHPH) facilities in Thailand. Primary care policy has directed that diabetes care be delivered via SHPH in order to reduce hospital congestion and minimize travel costs for patients. Limited data is available regarding the structure for providing care. Likewise, barriers to delivery of optimal care have not been well defined, especially from the perspective of health care providers. This study employed mixed-methods research, which included semi-structured interviews to gain insights into the current diabetes care process, a descriptive study to evaluate quality of care, and use of a focus group to identify challenges associated with delivery of diabetic care via SHPH. Diabetes care processes in primary care included multiple steps and involved collaboration between various health care providers at both the hospital and SHPH. Four process indicators and one outcome had been achieved but performance of other indicators was apparently low. Three factors were found to pose challenges to providing this service: the resources of the health service, the delivery of services, and patient factors. SHPH require additional support, particularly in the areas of primary care workforce, finance, medical device procurement, and patient information systems. While delivery of diabetes care via primary care centers has been well established in Thailand, regional differences in the quality of care persist. Additional support is required to strengthen the primary care system nationwide.
Clustering driving styles via image processing
Authors: Zhu Rui , Wüthrich Mario V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It has become of key interest in the insurance industry to understand and extract information from telematics car driving data. Telematics car driving data of individual car drivers can be summarised in so-called speed–acceleration heatmaps. The aim of this study is to cluster such speed–acceleration heatmaps to different categories by analysing similarities and differences in these heatmaps. Making use of local smoothness properties, we propose to process these heatmaps as RGB images. Clustering can then be achieved by involving supervised information via a transfer learning approach using the pre-trained AlexNet to extract discriminative features. The K-means algorithm is then applied on these extracted discriminative features for clustering. The experiment results in an improvement of heatmap clustering compared to classical approaches.
Wirkt kognitive Verhaltenstherapie unter Praxisbedingungen?
Authors: Opelt Michaela , Risch Anne Katrin , Wilz Gabriele 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: In zahlreichen randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien wurde die Wirksamkeit kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) bei depressiven Patient_innen bereits bestätigt. Allerdings existieren bisher nur wenige naturalistische Studien unter Praxisbedingungen. Fragestellung: Wie hoch sind die Therapieeffekte und Responseraten bei depressiven Patient_innen einer Hochschulambulanz? Methode: 141 Patient_innen mit einer depressiven Episode oder rezidivierenden depressiven Störung wurden zu Therapiebeginn und -ende untersucht. Von 35 Patient_innen lagen zusätzlich Katamnesedaten vor. Ergebnisse: Prä-Post-Analysen zeigten signifikante Effektstärken im Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) von d = 1.23 (Intention-to-Treat) bzw. d = 1.24 (Completer). Im Beck Depressions-Inventar– II (BDI) lagen die Prä-Post-Effektstärken bei d = 1.85 (Intention-to-Treat) bzw. bei d = 1.84 (Completer) und blieben katamnestisch stabil. Die Responseraten befanden sich im BSI bei 46.1 % und im BDI bei 70.6 %. Schlussfolgerungen: Die ambulante Behandlung mit KVT bei depressiven Patient_innen ist auch unter Praxisbedingungen wirksam.
Warum nehmen Verhaltenstherapeut_innen an Fortbildungen teil?
Authors: Kühne Franziska , Maas Jana , Weck Florian 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Um psychotherapeutische Kompetenzen zu erhalten, kommt Fortbildungen eine zentrale Rolle zu. Fragestellung: Ziel war es, Verhaltenstherapeut_innen zu Motivatoren und Barrieren bezüglich der Teilnahme an Fortbildungen und zu Einstellungen zu evidenzbasierter Praxis zu befragen. Methode: In die Befragung einbezogen wurden N = 48 Teilnehmer_innen eines zweitägigen Workshops zu aktuellen Ansätzen der Traumatherapie. Fortbildungsmotivation, Teilnahmebarrieren und Einstellungen zu evidenzbasierter Praxis wurden in Zusammenhang mit der aktuellen Fortbildungsteilnahme geprüft. Ergebnisse: Der Wunsch nach beruflicher Verbesserung und persönliches Interesse motivierten am häufigsten, soziale Anreize und beruflicher Aufstieg waren weniger relevant. Die Vereinbarkeit von Fortbildungen mit der Arbeitstätigkeit und Fortbildungskosten waren häufige Barrieren. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse liefern Hinweise zur Diskussion des Konzepts der evidenzbasierten Psychotherapie und zur Dissemination wissenschaftlicher Ergebnisse in die Praxis.
Amplified Arctic Surface Warming and Sea Ice Loss Due to Phytoplankton and Colored Dissolved Material
Authors: Pefanis Vasileios , Losa Svetlana N. , Losch Martin , Janout Markus A. , Bracher Astrid 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOptically active water constituents attenuate solar radiation and hence affect the vertical distribution of energy in the upper ocean. To understand their implications, we operate an ocean biogeochemical model coupled to a general circulation model with sea ice. Incorporating the effect of phytoplankton and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) on light attenuation in the model increases the sea surface temperature in summer and decreases sea ice concentration in the Arctic Ocean. Locally, the sea ice season is reduced by up to one month. CDOM drives a significant part of these changes, suggesting that an increase of this material will amplify the observed Arctic surface warming through its direct thermal effect. Indirectly, changing advective processes in the Nordic Seas may further intensify this effect. Our results emphasize the phytoplankton and CDOM feedbacks on the Arctic ocean and sea ice system and underline the need to consider these effects in future modeling studies to enhance their plausibility.
Stratigraphy of Ice and Ejecta Deposits at the Lunar Poles
Authors: Cannon Kevin M. , Deutsch Ariel N. , Head James W. , Britt Daniel T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWater ice has been delivered to the lunar poles from different sources over billions of years, but this accumulation was punctuated by large impacts that excavated dry regolith from depth and emplaced it in layers over the poles. Here, we model the resulting stratigraphies of ice and ejecta deposits in the lunar polar regions. Large polar craters were age dated, and their ejecta distributions calculated with standard scaling relations. We then created a Monte Carlo model for ice deposition and ejecta emplacement. Typical model runs showed that deposits in older cold traps (>4 Ga) are divided into two zones: buried ice‐rich gigaton deposits and younger more gardened mantles. The latter are consistent with small crater morphometry measurements, but the existence of substantial ice buried at great depths is more difficult to confirm. Rare outlier model runs included Mercury‐like cases with significant deposition events in recent history (<200 Ma).
On the Relationship Between Shallow Cumulus Cloud Field Properties and Surface Solar Irradiance
Authors: Gristey Jake J. , Feingold Graham , Glenn Ian B. , Schmidt K. Sebastian , Chen Hong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractShallow cumulus clouds exhibit highly three‐dimensional (3‐D) spatial structure leading to complex variability in the surface solar irradiance (SSI) beneath. This variability is captured by the typically bimodal shape of the SSI probability density function (PDF). Using large eddy simulation to generate well‐resolved cloud fields and Monte Carlo 3‐D radiative transfer to reproduce realistic associated SSI PDFs, we seek direct relationships between the cloud field properties and the SSI PDF shape. Applying both random forest and artificial neural network algorithms, we find variations in the two modes of the SSI PDF are well predicted by just a handful of cloud field properties. The two algorithms utilize cloud properties similarly, with indistinguishable performance despite their different architectures. These results offer a marked improvement in realism relative to one‐dimensional radiative transfer while bypassing computationally expensive 3‐D radiative transfer, with immediate application to renewable energy assessments, and potential for several other geophysical applications.
Direct Observations of Near‐Inertial Wave ζ‐Refraction in a Dipole Vortex
Authors: Thomas Leif N. , Rainville Luc , Asselin Olivier , Young William R. , Girton James , Whalen Caitlin B. , Centurioni Luca , Hormann Verena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGenerated at large horizontal scales by winds, near‐inertial waves (NIWs) are inefficient at radiating energy without a shift to smaller wavelengths. The lateral scales of NIWs can be reduced by gradients in the Coriolis parameter (β‐refraction) or in the vertical vorticity (ζ‐refraction) or by strain. Here we present ship‐based surveys of NIWs in a dipole vortex in the Iceland Basin that show, for the first time, direct evidence of ζ‐refraction. Differences in NIW phase across the dipole were observed to grow in time, generating a lateral wavelength that shrank at a rate consistent with ζ‐refraction, reaching ∼40 km in 1.5 days. Two days later, a NIW beam with an ∼13 km horizontal and ∼200 m vertical wavelength was detected at depth radiating energy downward and toward the dipole's anticyclone. Strain, while significant in strength in the dipole, had little direct effect on the NIWs.
Centennial Changes in the Indonesian Throughflow Connected to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: The Ocean's Transient Conveyor Belt
Authors: Sun Shantong , Thompson Andrew F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClimate models consistently project a robust weakening of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in response to greenhouse gas forcing. Previous studies of ITF variability have largely focused on local processes in the Indo‐Pacific Basin. Here, we propose that much of the centennial‐scale ITF weakening is dynamically linked to changes in the Atlantic Basin and communicated between basins via wave processes. In response to an AMOC slowdown, the Indian Ocean develops a northward surface transport anomaly that converges mass and modifies sea surface height in the Indian Ocean, which weakens the ITF. We illustrate these dynamic interbasin connections using a 1.5‐layer reduced gravity model and then validate the responses in a comprehensive general circulation model. Our results highlight the importance of transient volume exchanges between the Atlantic and Indo‐Pacific basins in regulating the global ocean circulation in a changing climate.
Distribution of Aseismic Deformation Along the Central San Andreas and Calaveras Faults From Differencing Repeat Airborne Lidar
Authors: Scott Chelsea Phipps , DeLong Stephen B. , Arrowsmith J Ramón 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFault creep reduces seismic hazard and serves as a window into plate boundary processes; however, creep rates are typically constrained with sparse measurements. We use differential lidar topography (11–13 year time span) to measure a spatially dense surface deformation field along a 150 km section of the Central San Andreas and Calaveras faults. We use an optimized windowed‐iterative‐closest‐point approach to resolve independent creep rates every 400 m at 1–2 km apertures. Rates vary from <10 mm/year along the creeping fault ends to over 30 mm/year along much of the central 100 km of the fault. Creep rates are 3–8 mm/year higher than most rates from alignment arrays and creepmeters, likely due to the larger aperture of the topographic differencing. Creep is often focused along discrete fault traces, but strain is sometimes distributed in areas of complex fault geometry, such as Mustang Ridge. Our observations constrain shallow seismic moment accumulation and the location of the creeping fault trace.
Possible Transient Luminous Events Observed in Jupiter's Upper Atmosphere
Authors: Giles Rohini S. , Greathouse Thomas K. , Bonfond Bertrand , Gladstone G. Randall , Kammer Joshua A. , Hue Vincent , Grodent Denis C. , Gérard Jean‐Claude , Versteeg Maarten H. , Wong Michael H. , Bolton Scott J. , Connerney John E. P. , Levin Steven M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEleven transient bright flashes were detected in Jupiter's atmosphere using the ultraviolet spectrograph instrument on the Juno spacecraft. These bright flashes are only observed in a single spin of the spacecraft and their brightness decays exponentially with time, with a duration of ∼1.4 ms. The spectra are dominated by H2 Lyman band emission and based on the level of atmospheric absorption, we estimate a source altitude of 260 km above the 1‐bar level. Based on these characteristics, we suggest that these are observations of transient luminous events (TLEs) in Jupiter's upper atmosphere. In particular, we suggest that these are elves, sprites or sprite halos, three types of TLEs that occur in the Earth's upper atmosphere in response to tropospheric lightning strikes. This is supported by visible light imaging, which shows cloud features typical of lightning source regions at the locations of several of the bright flashes. TLEs have previously only been observed on Earth, although theoretical and experimental work has predicted that they should also be present on Jupiter.
The impact of endotrophin on the progression of chronic liver disease
Authors: Kim Min , Lee Changhu , Seo Dae Yun , Lee Hyojung , Horton Jay D. , Park Jiyoung , Scherer Philipp E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease and can lead to multiple complications, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The fibrotic liver is characterized by the pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Type VI collagen alpha3 (Col6a3) is a biomarker of hepatic fibrosis, and its cleaved form, endotrophin (ETP), plays a critical role in adipose tissue dysfunction, insulin resistance, and breast cancer development. Here, we studied the effects of the Col6a3-derived peptide ETP on the progression of chronic liver diseases, such as NASH and liver cancer. We used a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible liver-specific ETP-overexpressing mouse model on a NAFLD-prone (liver-specific SREBP1a transgenic) background. For this, we evaluated the consequences of local ETP expression in the liver and its effect on hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and insulin resistance. Accumulation of ETP in the liver induced hepatic inflammation and the development of fibrosis with associated insulin resistance. Surprisingly, ETP overexpression also led to the emergence of liver cancer within 10 months in the SREBP1a transgenic background. Our data revealed that ETP can act as a “second hit” during the progression of NAFLD and can play an important role in the development of NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These observations firmly link elevated levels of ETP to chronic liver disease.