bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of smoking on pedicle screw–based dynamic stabilization: radiological and clinical evaluations of screw loosening in 306 patients
Authors: Kuo Yi-Hsuan , Kuo Chao-Hung , Chang Hsuan-Kan , Tu Tsung-Hsi , Fay Li-Yu , Chang Chih-Chang , Cheng Henrich , Wu Ching-Lan , Lirng Jiing-Feng , Wu Jau-Ching , Huang Wen-Cheng 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVECigarette smoking has been known to increase the risk of pseudarthrosis in spinal fusion. However, there is a paucity of data on the effects of smoking in dynamic stabilization following lumbar spine surgery. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes and the incidence of screw loosening among patients who smoked.METHODSConsecutive patients who had lumbar spondylosis, recurrent disc herniations, or low-grade spondylolisthesis that was treated with 1- or 2-level surgical decompression and pedicle screw–based Dynesys dynamic stabilization (DDS) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who did not complete the minimum 2 years of radiological and clinical evaluations were excluded. All screw loosening was determined by both radiographs and CT scans. Patient-reported outcomes, including visual analog scale (VAS) scores of back and leg pain, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), were analyzed. Patients were grouped by smoking versus nonsmoking, and loosening versus intact screws, respectively. All radiological and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups.RESULTSA total of 306 patients (140 women), with a mean age of 60.2 ± 12.5 years, were analyzed during an average follow-up of 44 months. There were 34 smokers (9 women) and 272 nonsmokers (131 women, 48.2% more than the 26.5% of smokers, p = 0.017). Postoperatively, all the clinical outcomes improved (e.g., VAS back and leg pain, JOA scores, and ODI, all p < 0.001). The overall rate of screw loosening was 23.2% (71 patients), and patients who had loosened screws were older (61.7 ± 9.6 years vs 59.8 ± 13.2 years, p = 0.003) and had higher rates of diabetes mellitus (33.8% vs 21.7%, p = 0.038) than those who had intact DDS screws. Although the patients who smoked had similar clinical improvement (even better VAS scores in their legs, p = 0.038) and a nonsignificantly lower rate of screw loosening (17.7% and 23.9%, p = 0.416), the chances of secondary surgery for adjacent segment disease (ASD) were higher than for the nonsmokers (11.8% vs 1.5%, p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSSmoking had no adverse effects on the improvements of clinical outcomes in the pedicle screw–based DDS surgery. For smokers, the rate of screw loosening trended lower (without significance), but the chances of secondary surgery for ASD were higher than for the nonsmoking patients. However, the optimal surgical strategy to stabilize the lumbar spine of smoking patients requires future investigation.
Hubungan Aktivitas Penggunaan Teknologi Untuk Pembelajaran Pengembangan Oleh Guru PAUD
Authors: Febrialismanto Febrialismanto , Nur Hidayatun 
Published: May 2020

Perang guru dalam pembelajaran sangat besar salah satunya adalah kemampuan guru dalam mendesain pembelajaran. Guru juga harus memiliki kemampuan untuk dapat mengatahui dan juga untuk menggunakan TIK. Guru yang maju adalah guru yang dapat menjadikan TIK untuk mempersiapkan pembelajaran ataupun menggunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Pada PAUD mempersiapkan perkembangan agar dapat berkembang dengan baik. Perkembangan tersebut berupa kognitif, bahasa, motorik, nilai agama dan moral, serta sosial. Perkembangan anak tersebut diramu dalam pembelajaran pengembangan untuk masing masing perkembangannya. Aktivitas guru dan pendukung menggunakan teknologi seperti menggunakan mutimedia, wifi, menggunakan android, memiliki sosmed tidak memiliki hubungan dengan pembelajaran pengembangan oleh guru. Aktivitas penggunaan serch engine yang memiliki hubungan dengan pembelajaran pengambangan oleh guru. Dari hasil peneliti dapat diketahui guru belum memanfaatkan dengan baik aktivitas penggunaan teknologi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan untuk pembelajarang pengembangan untuk perkembangan anak.

One of the great teacher roles in learning is the ability of teachers to design learning. The teacher must have the ability to know and to use ICT. Advanced teachers are teachers who can make ICTs to prepare for learning or to use it in the learning process. Early Childhood Education teachers prepare the development so that it can develop properly. There are the development of cognitive, language, motor, religious and moral values, and social. The children's development is colaborated in development learning for each of their development. Teacher and supporter activities using technology such as using multimedia, wifi, using Android, having social media do not have a relationship with learning development by the teacher. The activities of using search engine which has a relationship with learning floating by the teacher. Based on the result, the researchers concluded that teachers are not good at using technology in improving the ability of children's development.
QBD, REVIEW ON COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING OF BUILDING AN ANALYTICAL QUALITY BY DESIGN FOR DRUG MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Authors: Shishir Kumar Prasad  , Kalpana Diwekar  , Anita.A  
Published: May 2020

When knowledge based on pure scientific understanding and quality risk management is applied to product and process learning with regulation on process control along with a systematic approach for development of predefined objectives in analytical field then it is called as quality by design or QBD it follow ICH guidelines for quality in pharmaceutical product concept of qbd also extends to analytical methods, it is mandatory process in QBD to define a goal.
A protocol for the method which will continue monitoring the process throughout in a systematic way and working on alternate methods as well to get optimal performance, the methods given are carefully analysed in structured pattern for risks and is put for a challenge of the validity of method which later on can be taken for the criteria, benefit of these studies.
The performances can be improved as well as clearly understood along with the risk management and desired performance methods which can also be validated later on, the review briefly gives an inside view of application of analytical QBD in industries and its current status with examples and principles of analytical methods in HPTLC ,titration for moisture content, determination of toxic impurities in mixtures,quantative colour measurement and various spectroscopic method for identification of chemical moiety.
Qbd developed spectroscopic and chromatographic method are usually done as per ICH Q8 R2 , the critical parameters are compared to principle observation and analysis, the HPTLC method employs solvent usage and detection of absorbance and wavelength comparison.
Challenges of NATO aspıratıon: the dıscrepancy between rhetorıc and realıty
Authors: Iskandarov Khayal , Gawliczek Piotr 
Published: May 2020

The Russo-Georgia war in 2008 and the conflict in Ukraine in 2014 galvanized the countries, which are namely squeezed between NATO and Russia into considering their strategies again. The paper examines Russia’s efforts to maintain its influence in its “near abroad” in the face of NATO’s enlargement. It principally focuses on identifying the challenges particular countries face as obstacles to NATO accession. The arguments raised in the paper prove that, the primary reasons of Russia-Georgia War and Ukraine conflict are associated with these countries’ NATO aspiration. An argument regarding the Alliance’s reluctance to actively engage in partner nations is also presented.
The objective of the study is to consider the repercussions of NATO aspiration and introduce the real prospects of cooperation with NATO. The research methods primarily used in the book are comparative analysis and synthesis.
The invisibility of social movements in international press coverage of the Catalan sovereignty process
Authors: Mauri-Ríos Marcel , Pont-Sorribes Carles , Perales-García Cristina 
Published: May 2020

We describe partial results from a study on the construction of the international image of the political process in Catalonia in recent years in the main European and the US newspapers. In particular, using several analytical techniques we determine the presence of civil society organisations for and against independence in press articles between July 2010 (the first mass demonstration, in this case against a Spanish Constitutional Court ruling on the Catalan Statute of Autonomy) and October 2017 (the self-determination referendum). To detect the dominant frame, a framing analysis was undertaken from a communicative and deductive perspective, applying the widely tested and used Semetko and Valkenburg (2000) classification. The international press has generally depicted the Catalan sovereignty process as a conflict involving institutions and politicians, despite the fact that the Catalan process has always been claimed as an initiative with social and cultural roots. The research concludes that, although social movements and civil society played a significant role in the emergence of the sovereignty movement, these have been rendered largely invisible by the international press.
Automated Image Analyses of Glomerular Hypertrophy in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Østergaard Mette V. , Sembach Frederikke E. , Skytte Jacob L. , Roostalu Urmas , Secher Thomas , Overgaard Agnete , Fink Lisbeth N. , Vrang Niels , Jelsing Jacob , Hecksher-Sørensen Jacob 
Published: May 2020

Background
Glomerular hypertrophy is a hallmark of kidney injury in metabolically induced renal diseases such as obesity-associated glomerulopathies and diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods
Using light sheet fluorescent microscopy (LSFM) and 3D image analysis, we tested algorithms for automated and unbiased quantification of total glomerular numbers and individual glomerular volume in the uninephrectomized (UNx) db/db mouse model of DN.

Results
At 6 weeks after surgery, db/db and UNx db/db mice showed increased urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) compared with db/+ control mice. Before euthanasia, glomeruli were labeled in vivo by injecting tomato lectin. Whole-kidney LSFM 3D image analysis revealed that mean glomerular volume was significantly increased in UNx db/db mice compared with db/+ mice. Moreover, analysis of individual glomerular volume showed a shift in volume distribution toward larger glomeruli and thereby demonstrated additive effects of diabetes and UNx on induction of glomerular hypertrophy. The automatized quantification showed no significant differences in glomerular numbers among db/+, db/db, and UNx db/db mice. These data correlated with glomerular numbers as quantified by subsequent stereologic quantification.

Conclusions
Overall, LSFM coupled with automated 3D histomorphometric analysis was demonstrated to be advantageous for unbiased assessment of glomerular volume and numbers in mouse whole-kidney samples. Furthermore, we showed that injection of fluorescently labeled lectin and albumin can be used as markers of nephron segments in the mouse kidneys, thus enabling functional assessment of kidney physiology, pathology, and pharmacology in preclinical rodent models of kidney disease.
Quaternary glaciation history and glaciology of Jakobshavn Isbræ and the Disko Bugt region, West Greenland: a review
Authors: Weidick Anker , Bennike Ole 
Published: May 2020

The Disko Bugt region in central West Greenland is characterised by permanent ice streams, of which Jakobshavn Isbræ is by far the most important. The first thorough studies on the glaciology of the region were conducted over 150 years ago by H.J. Rink, who introduced the terms 'ice streams' and 'Inland Ice'. Rink's work inspired new field work, which has continued to the present, and the long series of observations are unique for an Arctic region.
Cooling during the Cenozoic led to ice-sheet growth in Greenland. A number of interglacial occurrences have been reported from the Disko Bugt region, and during the penultimate glacial stage, the Greenland ice-sheet margin extended to the shelf break. During the last glacial maximum, the ice margin probably extended only to the inner part of the banks on the continental shelf, and large floating glaciers may have been present at this time. During the Younger Dryas cold period, the ice margin may have been located at a marked basalt escarpment west of Disko Bugt.
Disko Bugt was deglaciated rapidly in the early Holocene, around 10 500–10 000 years before present (10.5–10 ka B.P.), but when the ice margin reached the eastern shore of the bay, recession paused, and major moraine systems were formed. With renewed recession, the present ice-margin position was attained around 8–6 ka B.P., and by c. 5 ka B.P. the ice margin was located east of its present position. The subsequent Neoglacial readvance generally reached a maximum during the Little Ice Age, around AD 1850. This was followed by recession that has continued to the present day.
The relative sea-level history shows a rapid sea-level fall in the early Holocene, and a slow rise in the late Holocene. This development mainly reflects a direct isostatic response to the ice-margin history.
Jakobshavn Isbræ is the main outlet from the Greenland ice sheet. It drains c. 6.5% of the present Inland Ice, and produces c. 35–50 km3 of icebergs per year, corresponding to more than 10% of the total output of icebergs from the Inland Ice. The velocity of the central part of the ice stream at the front has been around 7 km/year since records began, but has nearly doubled in recent years. Other calf-ice producing glacier outlets in Disko Bugt produce c. 18 km3 per year. The large calf-ice production of Jakobshavn Isbræ may have been initiated at about 8 ka B.P. when the glacier front receded from the iceberg bank (Isfjeldsbanken) near Ilulissat. Ice streams in inner and outer Egedesminde Dyb may have been active during the early Holocene and during the last glacial maximum.
HUBUNGAN LAMA MENGIKUTI BABY SPA DENGAN KENAIKAN BERAT BADAN BAYI USIA 0-6 BULAN DI YAYASAN IBU SEJATI MANDIRI KECAMATAN TUNTUNGAN KOMPLEKS MEDAN PERMAI KOTA MEDAN TAHUN 2018
Authors: Wahyuni Faradita , Purwana Rudi , Matondang Desyi Gusharni 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background;Babies who attend baby spas on a regular basis will produce weight gain of up to 47% -80% for a month, while babies who do not regularly attend baby spas only 2 times a week experience a weight gain of 15-30%. Objectives;The purpose of this study is to find out the Relationship of the Length in Attending Baby Spa with 0-6 Months Old Baby’s Weight Gain at Ibu Sejati Mandiri Foundation Tuntungan Sub District, Komplek Medan Permai Kota in 2018. Method; This type of research is an analytical survey with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study were all infants aged 0-6 months totaling 32. The sample in this study was a 0-6-month-oldin July to September with a total of 32 babies at Ibu Sejati Mandiri Foundation.Results; There is a long relationship following the baby spa with weight gain infants aged 0-6 months with the results of the calculation p value = 0,000 <α = 0.05. Conclusion;There is Relationship of the length in attending Baby Spa with Weight gain for 0-6-month-olds at Ibu Sejati Mandiri Foundation Medan in 2018. It is suggested for future researchers to be able to make this research as an experience and knowledge, especially about Baby Spa.
Queering Study Abroad: Web-Based Outreach to LGBTQ+ University Students by Study Abroad Programs
Authors: Hipple Erin , Soltis Dani , Hyers Lauri 
Published: May 2020

Effective outreach to queer/LGBTQ+ students is an important part of higher educational efforts to encourage their participation in study abroad opportunities. To explore the prevalence and nature of online outreach to queer students, we quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed the study abroad program webpages of 38 higher educational institutions with distinguished reputations in international studies. Outreach to queer status was one of the most common types, along with outreach to ethnicity and disability status. Queer outreach varied as a function of institution type, occurring twice as often by public than by private universities, and seven times as often by secular than by religiously-affiliated universities. Using thematic analysis, we found that a majority of queer outreach content was generated by organizations external to the study abroad office, and in-house generated content was a combination of cautionary and inviting. We discuss ways to improve study abroad outreach to queer students in higher education.*
*Note: The originally published version of this article was missing Tables 1 and 2 and author biographies. A corrected version was uploaded on May 6, 2020. If you read the article prior to that date, we encourage you to revisit it.
PROTOTYPE AUTOMATIC LIGHTS CONTROL SYSTEM IN THE MOSQUE AREA BASED ON ARDUINO NANO
Authors: Rochman Sagita , Yunianto Bagus Ilham 
Published: May 2020

To turn on and turn off lights in the mosque area in general still use a manual system that is to turn off and turn on the lights using a switch located on the wall. Therefore, currently a system that has been designed automatically is needed to control the light of life and the outages of lights based on a predetermined time and based on the detection of human presence, so that the lights will turn on and off automatically at the set time according to needs, namely using Real Time Clock (RTC) and Passive Infrared Receiver (PIR) sensors. The results obtainedin the form of a light controller system in the area of the mosque using DS3231 RTC and Arduino Nano At mega 328P PIR Sensor. At 3:00 and 17:00 the condition of the lights is on and at 05:30 and 21:00 the lights are off. For the measurement of PIR sensor detection distance, the distance of 5 meters of the PIR sensor can still detect the presence of human movements, after 5 meters or even 6 meters of the PIR sensor cannot detect human movement. So that within a distance of 6 meters or more, the toilet lights cannot turn on automatically or turn off.
Pendampingan Pembuatan Laporan Keuangan Pelaku Usaha Kecil Di Desa Pengulu Kecamatan Sidayu Kabupaten Gresik Menjadi Bankable
Authors: Samsiyah Siti , Fachrudy Asj’ari  , Edy Sulistyawan  , Yuli Kurnia Firdausia  
Published: May 2020

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pengatahuan dan ketrampilan kepada usaha kecil dan masyarakat desa Pengulu Kecamatan Sidayu Kabupaten Gresik. Metode pelaksanaan adalah pendampingan laporan keuangan, tim pelaksana melakukan kegiatan ini memfokuskan pada peningkatan pengetahuan dasar tentang penyusunan laporan keuangan sederhana, dan bekerja sama dengan perbankan untuk menambahkan modal usaha. Pendampingan dilaksanakan dengan materi pembukuan dan penyusunan sistem akuntansi dan keuangan pada pengusaha kecil. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat mensosialisasikan hasil simulasi tentang pembukuan dan penyusunan laporan keuangan sebagai wujud pengabdian pada masyarakat. Untuk mengetahui wujud keberhasilan pengbdian pada masyarakat, identifikasi keberhasilan adalah apabila pengusaha kecil dapat membuat laporan keuangan yang baik dan menyusun laporan sesuai format yang ada. Pelaku Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) yang ingin menggunakan prinsip laporan keuangan untuk menyediakan informasi tentang posisi keuangan, kerja keuangan, laporan arus kas. Usaha ini akan berpengaruh dengan modal awal untuk pengembangan usaha tersebut, dan bekerja sama dengan bankable syaratnya yaitu disiplin. Disiplin dalam hal pencatatan baik usaha financial maupun pencatatan legalitas usaha.
Karakteristik Buah Dan Biji Terong (Solanum Melongena .L var. Kenari) Setelah Diberi Ekstrak Air Akar Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes)
Authors: Alvitasari Fida , Sopandi Tatang 
Published: May 2020

Thai aubergine or eggplant, or goes by local name terong kenari (Solanum melongena L. var Kenari), is a vegetable included in the family Solanaceae. Eggplant loved by most of Indonesians, either eaten fresh or cooked. However, some often despise eggplant’s seeds as it may cause digestive problem. Plant hormone in controlling plants’ growth, such as giberelin, are frequently used to produce seedless or no-seed eggplant. This study is conducted to test the impact of water hyacinth, or goes by local name eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes), root extract treatment in the characteristic of eggplant (Solanum melongena L. var Kenari) fruit and seeds. This research is done in experimental manner, using the completely randomized design, including four different extract’s concentration; 0 g/L, 50 g/L, 100 g/L, and 150 g/L; and one giberelin treatment that are given five times, repeatedly. According to the research conducted, the water hyacinth root extract treatment results in the increase of the quantity and weight of the eggplant, and also the reduction in seeds, as it also affects the fruit skin layer thickness. As in the study, the optimum outcome is obtained with the concentration of 150 g/L water hyacinth root extract; which result in average number of fruit 6.6 for each plant, average weight 179.57 gram per fruit, average number of seeds 561 per fruit, average weight 6.14 gram per seed, and average skin thickness 0.78 in each eggplant.

Keywords: Eggplant, gibberellin hormone, water hyacinth, characteristic of eggplant fruit and seeds
EFEKTIFITAS KAPSUL MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS DI RS BRAWIJAYA
Authors: Irianti Yuni , Ngadiani Ngadiani 
Published: May 2020

We report the supplementation of noni (Morinda citrifolia) to decrease blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus Brawijaya Hospital Surabaya, and noni problems whether supplementation is effective in reducing blood sugar levels in diabetes patients mellitus.The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of capsule morinda to decrease blood sugar levels in patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Brawijaya Hospital Surabaya.
This type of research is to ekperimem quasi control group design with pre-test and post test. The population in this study are patients with diabetes mellitus in hospital outpatient Brawijaya. The sampling technique with a number of 60 people who were divided into 30 groups of control (can drug from a doctor) and 30 in the experimental group (can medicine from the doctor and consumption of noni capsules) .Instrumen this study is the laboratory results of random blood sugar levels with the tools glucometer ( gluko Dr). Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate (parametric test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test z and Independent T-Test).
From the results, no significant difference the difference in the results of pre-test and post-test in the control group and the experiment is p = 0.020 (<0.05), then the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted (the results are meaningful).
It is concluded that supplementation of noni effective in helping to decrease blood sugar levels of patients with diabetes mellitus, it is advisable to consume noni capsules and routine checks of blood sugar levels so that the blood sugar levels under control.