bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial stress reactivity habituates following acute physiological stress
Authors: Kühnel Anne , Kroemer Nils B. , Elbau Immanuel G. , Czisch Michael , Sämann Philipp G. , Walter Martin ,   BeCome working group, Binder Elisabeth B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcute and chronic stress are important factors in the development of mental disorders. Reliable measurement of stress reactivity is therefore pivotal. Critically, experimental induction of stress often involves multiple “hits” and it is an open question whether individual differences in responses to an earlier stressor lead to habituation, sensitization, or simple additive effects on following events. Here, we investigated the effect of the individual cortisol response to intravenous catheter placement (IVP) on subsequent neural, psychological, endocrine, and autonomous stress reactivity. We used an established psychosocial stress paradigm to measure the acute stress response (Stress) and recovery (PostStress) in 65 participants. Higher IVP‐induced cortisol responses were associated with lower pulse rate increases during stress recovery (b= −4.8 bpm,p= .0008) and lower increases in negative affect after the task (b= −4.2,p= .040). While the cortisol response to IVP was not associated with subsequent specific stress‐induced neural activation patterns, the similarity of brain responsesPre‐andPostStresswas higher IVP‐cortisol responders (t[64] = 2.35,p= .022) indicating faster recovery. In conclusion, preparatory stress induced by IVP reduced reactivity in a subsequent stress task by modulating the latency of stress recovery. Thus, an individually stronger preceding release of cortisol may attenuate a second physiological response and perceived stress suggesting that relative changes, not absolute levels are crucial for stress attribution. Our study highlights that considering the entire trajectory of stress induction during an experiment is important to develop reliable individual biomarkers.
Histone deacetylase inhibition prevents the growth of primary and metastatic osteosarcoma
Authors: McGuire Jeremy J. , Nerlakanti Niveditha , Lo Chen Hao , Tauro Marilena , Utset‐Ward Thomas J. , Reed Damon R. , Lynch Conor C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOverall survival rates for patients with advanced osteosarcoma have remained static for over three decades. An in vitro analysis of osteosarcoma cell lines for sensitivity to an array of approved cancer therapies revealed that panobinostat, a broad spectrum histone deacetalyase (HDAC) inhibitor, is highly effective at triggering osteosarcoma cell death. Using in vivo models of orthotopic and metastatic osteosarcoma, here we report that panobinostat impairs the growth of primary osteosarcoma in bone and spontaneous metastasis to the lung, the most common site of metastasis for this disease. Further, pretreatment of mice with panobinostat prior to tail vein inoculation of osteosarcoma prevents the seeding and growth of lung metastases. Additionally, panobinostat impaired the growth of established lung metastases and improved overall survival, and these effects were also manifest in the lung metastatic SAOS2‐LM7 model. Mechanistically, the efficacy of panobinostat was linked to high expression of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in osteosarcoma, and silencing of HDAC1 and 2 greatly reduced osteosarcoma growth in vitro. In accordance with these findings, treatment with the HDAC1/2 selective inhibitor romidepsin compromised the growth of osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of patient‐derived xenograft osteosarcoma cell lines further demonstrated the sensitivity of the disease to panobinostat or romidepsin. Collectively, these studies provide rationale for clinical trials in osteosarcoma patients using the approved therapies panobinostat or romidepsin.
Hallmarks of frailty and osteosarcopenia in prematurely aged PolgA(D257A/D257A) mice
Authors: Scheuren Ariane C. , D'Hulst Gommaar , Kuhn Gisela A. , Masschelein Evi , Wehrle Esther , De Bock Katrien , Müller Ralph 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFrailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by increased susceptibility to adverse health outcomes. One major determinant thereof is the gradual weakening of the musculoskeletal system and the associated osteosarcopenia. To improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and, more importantly, to test potential interventions aimed at counteracting frailty, suitable animal models are needed.MethodsTo evaluate the relevance of prematurely aged PolgA(D257A/D257A) mice as a model for frailty and osteosarcopenia, we quantified the clinical mouse frailty index in PolgA(D257A/D257A) and wild‐type littermates (PolgA(+/+), WT) with age and concertedly assessed the quantity and quality of bone and muscle tissue. Lastly, the anabolic responsiveness of skeletal muscle, muscle progenitors, and bone was assessed.ResultsPolgA(D257A/D257A) accumulated health deficits at a higher rate compared with WT, resulting in a higher frailty index at 40 and 46 weeks of age (+166%, +278%, P < 0.0001), respectively, with no differences between genotypes at 34 weeks. Concomitantly, PolgA(D257A/D257A) displayed progressive musculoskeletal deterioration such as reduced bone and muscle mass as well as impaired functionality thereof. In addition to lower muscle weights (−14%, P < 0.05, −23%, P < 0.0001) and fibre area (−20%, P < 0.05, −22%, P < 0.0001) at 40 and 46 weeks, respectively, PolgA(D257A/D257A) showed impairments in grip strength and concentric muscle forces (P < 0.05). PolgA(D257A/D257A) mutation altered the acute response to various anabolic stimuli in skeletal muscle and muscle progenitors. While PolgA(D257A/D257A) muscles were hypersensitive to eccentric contractions as well as leucine administration, shown by larger downstream signalling response of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, myogenic progenitors cultured in vitro showed severe anabolic resistance to leucine and robust impairments in cell proliferation. Longitudinal micro‐computed tomography analysis of the sixth caudal vertebrae showed that PolgA(D257A/D257A) had lower bone morphometric parameters (e.g. bone volume fraction, trabecular, and cortical thickness, P < 0.05) as well as reduced remodelling activities (e.g. bone formation and resorption rate, P < 0.05) compared with WT. When subjected to 4 weeks of cyclic loading, young but not aged PolgA(D257A/D257A) caudal vertebrae showed load‐induced bone adaptation, suggesting reduced mechanosensitivity with age.ConclusionsPolgA(D257A/D257A) mutation leads to hallmarks of age‐related frailty and osteosarcopenia and provides a powerful model to better understand the relationship between frailty and the aging musculoskeletal system.
Rare case of acinar cell carcinoma with multiple lesions in the pancreas
Authors: Ikeda Yuki , Yoshida Makoto , Ishikawa Kazuma , Kubo Tomohiro , Kimura Yasutoshi , Hasegawa Tadashi , Miyanishi Koji , Kato Junji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present the first case of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (PACC) with multiple lesions. A 55‐year‐old man with a pancretic tail mass on abdominal computed tomography (CT) was admitted to our hospital. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) showed a hypoechoic mass, and EUS‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) revealed the mass to be PACC. The patient underwent distal pancreatectomy, and two masses were identified in the pancreatic tail and body. Histologically, both masses had tumor cells similar to acinar cells and were positive for BCL‐10. The patient was thus diagnosed with synchronous PACC. Ten months after the surgery, abdominal CT revealed a mass in the remnant pancreas. EUS showed a hypoechoic mass, and EUS‐FNA determined it to be PACC. The patient underwent total remnant pancreatectomy. The histological imaging results were similar to those of the first resection. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with synchronous and metachronous PACC. The possibility of multiple occurrences in the pancreas should be considered with PACC.
Mechanochemical synthesis of 5‐acetylthiazole: A step toward green and sustainable chemistry
Authors: Al‐Bogami Abdullah S. , Saleh Tamer S. , Al‐Shareef Adel H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMechanochemical synthesis of 5‐acetylthiazole derivatives by one‐pot three‐component procedure over Silica Sulfuric acid under solvent‐free conditions, has been developed. The durability of the catalyst was tested. The environmentally benign protocol introduced herein characterized by no hazardous organic solvent used, recyclability of the catalyst up to five runs without loss of its catalytic activity and high yields of products that confirm the utilization of some green chemistry principles in the mentioned protocol.
Effects of ultrafine grinding on physicochemical, functional and surface properties of ginger stem powders
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyan , Meng Ang , Zhang Xiaowei , Liu Hongkai , Guo Dongju , Zhu Yunping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGinger stem (GS) is a by‐product of ginger processing. It is not directly edible as a feed or food, which leads to it being discarded as waste or burned. Accordingly, it is very important to develop new functional products in the food or feed industry as a result of high nutritional and medicinal values. In the present study, the structures and physicochemical properties of GS powders of different sizes were evaluated after ultrafine grinding by a vibrating mill.RESULTSThe ultrafine powders exhibited a smaller particle size and uniform distribution. Higher values in bulk density (from 1.07 ± 0.06 to 1.62 ± 0.08 g mL−1), oil holding capacity (from 3.427 ± 0.04 to 4.83 ± 0.03 g mL−1), and repose and slide angles (from 42.33 ± 1.52 to 54.36 ± 1.15° and 33.62 ± 0.75 to 47.27 ± 1.34°, respectively) of ultrafine GS powders were exhibited compared to coarse powders. With a reduced particle size, the solubility of ultrafine powders increased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas the water holding and swelling capacities decreased with a reduced particle size and then increased. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that ultrafine grinding did not damage the main cellular structure of GS powder. The reduction of fiber length and particle size in GS was observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The X‐ray diffraction patterns demonstrated the crystallinity and the intensity of the peak in superfine GS powders.CONCLUSIONThe present study suggests that ultrafine grinding treatments influence the structures and physicochemical properties of GS powders, and such changes would improve the effective utilization of GS in the food or feed industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Suicidal Ideation in a Veterans Affairs Residential Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Setting: The Roles of Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness
Authors: Martin Colleen E. , Pukay‐Martin Nicole D. , Blain Rachel C. , Dutton‐Cox Courtney , Chard Kathleen M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSuicide is a significant public health concern, and, specifically, the veteran population has exhibited a 22% higher risk of death by suicide than the general population (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2017). The interpersonal psychological theory of suicide (IPTS; Joiner, 2005) appears to be the most widely researched theory to examine factors associated with suicidal ideation. The IPTS applies to veteran suicidal ideation in that veterans may feel they are burdensome to others or that they do not belong following their transition from active duty. The current study sought to (a) identify the prevalence and correlates of the IPTS constructs perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness; (b) examine the main and interactive effects of these constructs on suicidal ideation; and (c) examine their indirect effects in the associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, depressive symptomatology, and substance use with suicidal ideation in a sample of veterans in PTSD residential treatment (N = 125). Regression results demonstrated that perceived burdensomeness was significantly associated with suicidal ideation, β = .50, p < .001; however, thwarted belongingness and the interaction of the two were not. In the models of indirect effects, perceived burdensomeness emerged as the only significant indirect effect in the association between PTSD symptomatology and suicidal ideation, β = .01 (SE = .00), 95% CI [.0050, .0149], as well as between depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation, β = .02 (SE = .01), 95% CI [.0109, .0311]. Study limitations and future directions are also discussed.
Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum in Fetuses
Authors: Ghassemi Neda , Rupe Eric , Perez Mishella , Lamale‐Smith Leah , Fratto Victoria M. , Farid Nikdokht , Hahn Michael , Ramos Gladys A. , Ho Yoona , Rakow‐Penner Rebecca , Horton Katelyn , Khan Sohini , Jones Marilyn , Pretorius Dolores H. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesWe hypothesized that: (1) fetal frontal horn (FH) morphology and their proximity to the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) can assist in suspecting complete agenesis of the corpus callosum (cACC) and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum (pACC) earlier than known indirect ultrasound (US) findings; (2) FHs assist in differentiating a true CSP from a pseudocavum; and (3) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful in learning FH morphology and pseudocavum etiology.MethodsThirty‐two patients with cACC and 9 with pACC were identified on an Institutional Review Board–approved retrospective review. Of the 41 cases, 40 had prenatal US, and 21 had prenatal MRI; 17 had follow‐up neonatal US, and 14 had follow‐up neonatal MRI. Variables evaluated retrospectively were the presence of a CSP or a pseudocavum, ventricle size and shape, and FH shape (comma, trident, parallel, golf club, enlarged, or fused). Displacement between the inferior edge of the FH and the midline or cavum/pseudocavum was measured.ResultsFetal FHs had an abnormal shape in 77% ≤20 weeks' gestation, 86% ≤24 weeks, and 90% >24 weeks. Frontal horns were laterally displaced greater than 2 mm in 85% ≤20 weeks, 91% ≤24 weeks, and 95% >24 weeks. The CSP was absent in 100% of cACC cases and 78% of pACC cases, and a pseudocavum was present in 88% of cACC cases and 78% of pACC cases across gestation. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed US pseudocavums to be focal interhemispheric fluid or an elevated/dilated third ventricle.ConclusionsFrontal horns assist in assessing ACC ≤24 weeks and throughout gestation. Pseudocavums, often simulating CSPs, are common in ACC. Frontal horn lateral displacement and abnormal morphology, recognized by MRI correlations, are helpful in differentiating a pseudocavum from a true CSP. A normal CSP should not be cleared on screening US unless normally shaped FHs are seen directly adjacent to it.
Treatment of horizontal canal BPPV—a randomized sham‐controlled trial comparing two therapeutic maneuvers of different speeds
Authors: Martens Camilla , Goplen Frederik Kragerud , Aasen Torbjørn , Gjestad Rolf , Nordfalk Karl Fredrik , Nordahl Stein Helge Glad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the effect of a high‐speed barbecue maneuver with the modified Lempert maneuver and sham in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) of the horizontal canal.MethodsRandomized sham‐controlled, single blinded multicenter clinical trial in two university hospitals investigating consecutive patients with horizontal canal BPPV.Patients were randomly assigned to high‐speed barbecue (HSB), modified Lempert maneuver (ML), or sham maneuver (SM). All treatments were performed in a biaxial rotational chair with weekly follow‐up to a maximum of three treatment sessions. The final follow‐up was 3 months after the last treatment.ResultsPrimary outcome: 2‐week recovery rate per protocol. Secondary outcome: Cumulative recovery rate and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) scores after 3 months per protocol (HSB and ML) and intention to treat (all groups).Fifty‐four patients were analyzed after 2 weeks (HSB = 17; ML = 20; SM = 17). Two‐week recovery rate was 14/17 after HSB, 11/20 after ML, and 4/17 after SM, with significantly better recovery in HSB [OR 15.17, 95% CI (1.85, 124.63), P = .001] using sham as base level. Recovery rate after 3 months was 15/17 after HSB and 15/19 after ML. Cumulative recovery rate showed no significant differences between the two treatment groups [95% CI (0.30, 13.14), P = .46] in cure rate DHI [95% CI (−16.56, 15.02), P = .92]. No unexpected adverse events were observed.ConclusionVelocity change in horizontal canal BPPV treatment gives a faster initial recovery. Rapid recovery could reduce the disease burden.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT01905800.Level of Evidence1b
Effects of nitric acid passivation on the corrosion behavior of ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo stainless steel in simulated marine atmosphere
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Wei Yinghua , Yang Jie , Emori Wilfred , Li Jing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractZG06Cr13Ni4Mo martensitic stainless steel was nitric acid‐passivated to improve its corrosion performance. The effects of nitric acid passivation on the surface morphology, chemical composition, electrochemical properties, semiconductor behavior, and long‐term corrosion performance of the stainless steel were investigated using various analytical techniques. An in‐depth analysis of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the passive film formed after the acid passivation process showed high thickness and a duplex character as it consisted of a hydroxide layer and an oxide layer. The oxide layer affected the corrosion resistance and thickness of the passive film. The thickness of the passive film was calculated theoretically as well as experimentally by fitting the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and XPS results. The electrochemical tests revealed that the dramatic increase in the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel after the passivation was due to the formation of a thick, low‐disorder passive film rather than Cr enrichment. The removal of inclusions resulted in higher pitting resistance, whereas the increased roughness showed a negative effect on the corrosion behavior of the stainless steel. During the wet–dry cyclic tests, the modification of the passive film was examined. The passivated stainless steel exhibited good corrosion resistance for up to 50 days of exposure in the simulated environment.
Online monitoring system for metallic components in underground laboratory
Authors: Yuan Zehao , Liu Chao , Xu Qiufa , Liu Quanlin , Pang Xiaolu , Gao Kewei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith the increasing application of nuclear energy in power industry, China has accumulated a large amount of high‐level radioactive nuclear waste, which are characterized by high toxicity, high radioactivity, and long half‐life. Improper disposal will cause great harm to human life and property. China has decided to establish an underground laboratory for geological disposal of high‐level radioactive waste (HLW) in Beishan, Gansu Province, to study the scientific issues related to geological disposal of HLW. In this paper, an online monitoring system including two kinds of integrated inductance probe for the corrosion monitoring of metallic materials used in atmospheric or bentonite environment in Beishan underground laboratory was developed, and the reliability and accuracy of the system were studied. The results show that the system can satisfy the requirement of online monitoring of the corrosion rate of metallic materials, ambient temperature, resistivity, and humidity of bentonite in the underground laboratory for geological disposal of HLW in different environments.
Ultrathin hydroxyapatite coating on pure magnesium substrate prepared by pulsed electron ablation technique
Authors: Dvorsky Drahomir , Gambardella Alessandro , Kubasek Jiri , Berni Matteo , Vojtech Dalibor 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) as a potential material for biodegradable implants is attractive due to its mechanical similarity to the bone tissue and nontoxic corrosion products. However, the rapid corrosion rate of bare magnesium is associated with hydrogen release, which may complicate the healing process. The corrosion rate may be reduced by suitable alloying, but concurrently the biocompatibility of such alloy might be deteriorated. Another way of reduction of the corrosion rate is coating. Hydroxyapatite (HA)‐based coating is considered to improve biocompatibility as well as decrease the corrosion rate by the barrier effect. In this study, ultrathin (150 nm) HA and HA containing Sr coatings are deposited via pulsed electron ablation technique on pure Mg. The microstructure of the coating was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical methods were used to investigate the corrosion properties of prepared coatings. The materials covered by this layer were characterized by superior corrosion behavior, with corrosion rates of coated samples up to five times lower as compared with the uncoated ones. Such coating is the thinnest coating found in the literature sources.
An update on the copper corrosion program for the long‐term management of used nuclear fuel in Canada
Authors: Keech Peter G. , Behazin Mehran , Binns W. Jeffrey , Briggs Scott 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2012, the Nuclear Waste Management Organization developed a comprehensive proof test plan (PTP) to evaluate the feasibility and safety of their copper‐coated used fuel container and their novel bentonite buffer box emplacement concept to be employed in its proposed deep geological repository for the long‐term management of used nuclear fuel. Research within the PTP includes several programs to evaluate the possible extent of damage that may be caused by various copper corrosion mechanisms: oxic‐, radiolytic‐, anoxic‐, and sulfide‐induced, with particular attention being paid to the possibility of localization of any of these processes. Programs remain on track to support and refine a maximum copper corrosion allowance of <1.27 mm over a one million year emplacement in a deep geological repository.
Modeling microbial sulfate reduction and the consequences for corrosion of copper canisters
Authors: King Fraser , Kolář Miroslav , Puigdomenech Ignasi , Pitkänen Petteri , Lilja Christina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe copper sulfide model (CSM) is a one‐dimensional reactive transport code for predicting the evolution of the corrosion behavior of a copper canister in a deep geological repository. Here, the CSM has been extended to simulate the microbial reduction of sulfate in the repository and the consequences for corrosion of the canister. Organotrophic and chemotrophic sulfate reduction are represented by Monod kinetics, along with the dissolution of solid organic matter and gypsum as sources of nutrient and an electron acceptor, respectively. Siderite dissolution in the buffer and tunnel backfill materials acts as a source of Fe(II), which can then precipitate the microbially produced sulfide as mackinawite. Results are presented for a simulation representing the expected evolution of the corrosion behavior and repository environment and for a series of sensitivity analyses designed to identify the most important processes in the overall reaction scheme.