bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic greenhouse insect pest detection and recognition based on a cascaded deep learning classification method
Authors: Rustia Dan Jeric Arcega , Chao Jun‐Jee , Chiu Lin‐Ya , Wu Ya‐Fang , Chung Jui‐Yung , Hsu Ju‐Chun , Lin Ta‐Te 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInspection of insect sticky paper traps is an essential task for an effective integrated pest management (IPM) programme. However, identification and counting of the insect pests stuck on the traps is a very cumbersome task. Therefore, an efficient approach is needed to alleviate the problem and to provide timely information on insect pests. In this research, an automatic method for the multi‐class recognition of small‐size greenhouse insect pests on sticky paper trap images acquired by wireless imaging devices is proposed. The developed algorithm features a cascaded approach that uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) object detector and CNN image classifiers, separately. The object detector was trained for detecting objects in an image, and a CNN classifier was applied to further filter out non‐insect objects from the detected objects in the first stage. The obtained insect objects were then further classified into flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae), gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae), thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), using a multi‐class CNN classifier in the second stage. Advantages of this approach include flexibility in adding more classes to the multi‐class insect classifier and sample control strategies to improve classification performance. The algorithm was developed and tested for images taken by multiple wireless imaging devices installed in several greenhouses under natural and variable lighting environments. Based on the testing results from long‐term experiments in greenhouses, it was found that the algorithm could achieve average F1‐scores of 0.92 and 0.90 and mean counting accuracies of 0.91 and 0.90, as tested on a separate 6‐month image data set and on an image data set from a different greenhouse, respectively. The proposed method in this research resolves important problems for the automated recognition of insect pests and provides instantaneous information of insect pest occurrences in greenhouses, which offers vast potential for developing more efficient IPM strategies in agriculture.
Genetic analysis of resistance in Mekong striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) to bacillary necrosis caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri
Authors: Dinh Pham Khoi , Ødegård Jørgen , Van Nguyen Sang , Magnus Gjøen Hans , Klemetsdal Gunnar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyse four cohabitation challenge‐test experiments with Mekong striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) against the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri. The data were genetically analysed per experiment by three models: 1) a cross‐sectional linear model; 2) a cross‐sectional threshold model; and 3) a linear survival model, at both 50% mortality (for models 1 and 2) and at the end of the test (for all three models). In two of the experiments (3 and 4) that were carried out in two replicated tanks, the predicted family effects (sum of sire, dam and common environmental effects) in each tank were correlated with the family survival in the other replicated tank (cross‐validation). The heritability estimates of resistance to E. ictaluri infection were ≤ 0.012 with the survival model, and up to 0.135 – 0.220 (50% survival) and 0.085 and 0.174 (endpoint survival) for the cross‐sectional linear and threshold models, respectively. The challenge test should aim for an endpoint survival that ceases naturally at 50%. Then, genetic analysis should be carried out for survival at the endpoint (reflecting susceptibility) with a simple cross‐sectional linear model.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on fecal immunochemical test screening uptake and compliance to diagnostic colonoscopy
Authors: Cheng Shao‐Yi , Chen Chu‐Fen , He Hsien‐Chin , Chang Li‐Chun , Hsu Wen‐Feng , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Chiu Han‐Mo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimDuring this COVID‐19 pandemic, Taiwan is one of the few countries where fecal immunochemical test and endoscopic activity for colorectal cancer screening keeps ongoing. We aimed to investigate how screening uptake and colonoscopy rate were affected in one of the biggest screening hubs in Northern Taiwan.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study tracing and analyzing the screening uptake and the trend of compliance to diagnostic colonoscopy in fecal immunochemical test‐positive subjects in the National Taiwan University Hospital screening hub since the outbreak of COVID‐19 and compared it with that of the corresponding periods in the past 3 years. Cancellation and rescheduling rates of colonoscopy and related reasons were also explored.ResultsScreening uptake during December 2019 to April 2020 was 88.8%, which was significantly lower than that in the corresponding period of the past 3 years (91.2–92.7%, P for trend < 0.0001). Colonoscopy rate in this period was 66.1%, which was also significantly lower than that in the past 3 years (70.2–77.5%, P for trend = 0.017). Rescheduling or cancellation rate was up to 10.9%, which was significantly higher than that in the past 3 years (P for trend = 0.023), and half of them was due to the fear of being infected.ConclusionFecal immunochemical test screening was significantly affected by COVID‐19 pandemic. In order to resume the practice in COVID‐19 era, screening organizers should consider various approaches to secure timely diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Australia and New Zealand: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Schubert Jonathon P , Gehlert Jessica , Rayner Christopher K , Roberts‐Thomson Ian C , Costello Sam , Mangoni Arduino A , Bryant Robert V 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveWhile the global prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is increasing, there is much regional variation, and local data are required to guide eradication therapy. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine rates of H. pylori antibiotic resistance in Australia and New Zealand.Study DesignRandom effects meta‐analysis of data from 15 published studies and three published abstracts reporting prevalence of primary or secondary H. pylori antibiotic resistance in Australasia.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PROSPERO, and the Cochrane Library were searched until August, 2020.Data SynthesisFifteen published studies and three published abstracts were identified; one study was excluded due to high risk of bias. Seventeen studies conducted between 1996 and 2013 were included in the final analysis, 12 reporting primary and five reporting secondary antibiotic resistance. Prevalence of primary resistance was clarithromycin 7.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3–9.7%), metronidazole 50.0% (95%CI, 23.9–56.1%), fluoroquinolones 3.7% (95%CI, 0.004–14.8%), and both amoxicillin and tetracycline <0.5%. Subgroup analysis (last 20 years) showed doubling of clarithromycin resistance to 16.1% (95%CI 11.2–21.7%) with other resistance stable. Prevalence of secondary resistance was high for all antibiotics, particularly clarithromycin 78.7% (95%CI, 64.1–90.1%) and metronidazole 68.3% (95%CI, 59.9–76.1%).ConclusionsThe outcomes reveal an increase in primary H. pylori clarithromycin resistance since the year 2000, while metronidazole resistance has remained stable and primary resistance to amoxicillin, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones is low. Rates of secondary resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin are high. The results highlight the need for contemporary local data on antibiotic resistance in Australia and New Zealand.
Nursing Home Transfers for Behavioral Concerns: Findings from the OPTIMISTIC Demonstration Project
Authors: Hathaway Elizabeth E. , Carnahan Jennifer L. , Unroe Kathleen T. , Stump Timothy E. , O'Kelly Phillips Erin , Hickman Susan E. , Fowler Nicole R. , Sachs Greg A. , Bateman Daniel R. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo characterize pretransfer on‐site nursing home (NH) management, transfer disposition, and hospital discharge diagnoses of long‐stay residents transferred for behavioral concerns.DesignThis was a secondary data analysis of the Optimizing Patient Transfers, Impacting Medical Quality, Improving Symptoms: Transforming Institutional Care project, in which clinical staff employed in the NH setting conducted medical, transitional, and palliative care quality improvement initiatives and gathered data related to resident transfers to the emergency department/hospital setting. R software and Microsoft Excel were used to characterize a subset of transfers prompted by behavioral concerns.SettingNHs in central Indiana were utilized (N = 19).ParticipantsThis study included long‐stay NH residents with behavioral concerns prompting transfer for acute emergency department/hospital evaluation (N = 355 transfers).MeasurementsThe measures used in this study were symptoms prompting transfer, resident demographics and baseline characteristics (Minimum Data Set 3.0 variables including scores for the Cognitive Function Scale, ADL Functional Status, behavioral symptoms directed toward others, and preexisting psychiatric diagnoses), on‐site management (e.g., medical evaluation in person or by phone, testing, and interventions), avoidability rating, transfer disposition (inpatient vs emergency department only), and hospital discharge diagnoses.ResultsOver half of the transfers, 56%, had a medical evaluation before transfer, and diagnostic testing was conducted before 31% of transfers. After transfer, 80% were admitted. The most common hospital discharge diagnoses were dementia‐related behaviors (27%) and altered mental status (27%), followed by a number of medical diagnoses.ConclusionMost transfers for behavioral concerns merited hospital admission, and medical discharge diagnoses were common. There remain significant opportunities to improve pretransfer management of NH transfers for behavioral concerns.
HspB5/αB‐crystallin phosphorylation at S45 and S59 is essential for protection of the dendritic tree of rat hippocampal neurons
Authors: Bartelt‐Kirbach Britta , Wiegreffe Christoph , Birk Samuel , Baur Tina , Moron Margarethe , Britsch Stefan , Golenhofen Nikola 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRarefaction of the dendritic tree leading to neuronal dysfunction is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases and we have shown previously that heat shock protein B5 (HspB5)/αB‐crystallin is able to increase dendritic complexity in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate if this effect is also present in vivo, if HspB5 can counteract dendritic rarefaction under pathophysiological conditions and the impact of phosphorylation of HspB5 in this process. HspB5 and eight mutants inhibiting or mimicking phosphorylation at the three phosphorylation sites serine (S)19, S45, and S59 were over‐expressed in cultured rat hippocampal neurons with subsequent investigation of the complexity of the dendritic tree. Sholl analysis revealed significant higher complexity of the dendritic tree after over‐expression of wild‐type HspB5 and the mutant HspB5‐AEE. All other mutants showed no or minor effects. For in vivo investigation in utero electroporation of mouse embryos was applied. At embryonal day E15.5 the respective plasmids were injected, cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) pyramidal cells transfected by electroporation and their basal dendritic trees were analyzed at post‐natal day P15. In vivo, HspB5 and HspB5‐AEE led to an increase of total dendritic length as well as a higher complexity. Finally, the dendritic effect of HspB5 was investigated under a pathophysiological condition, that is, iron deficiency which reportedly results in dendritic rarefaction. HspB5 and HspB5‐AEE but not the non‐phosphorylatable mutant HspB5‐AAA significantly counteracted the dendritic rarefaction. Thus, our data suggest that up‐regulation and selective phosphorylation of HspB5 in neurodegenerative diseases may preserve dendritic morphology and counteract neuronal dysfunction.
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Insomnia, fatigue and psychosocial well‐being during COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional survey of hospital nursing staff in the United States
Authors: Sagherian Knar , Steege Linsey M. , Cobb Sandra J. , Cho Hyeonmi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe the levels of insomnia, fatigue and intershift recovery, and psychological well‐being (burnout, post‐traumatic stress and psychological distress), and to examine differences in these measures based on work‐related characteristics among nursing staff during COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has created a major physical and psychological burden on nursing staff in the United States and worldwide. A better understanding of these conditions will lead to tailored support and resources for nursing staff during and after the pandemic.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsHospital nurses and nursing assistants (N = 587) were recruited online between May–June 2020. The survey included measures on insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index) fatigue and intershift recovery (Occupational Fatigue and Exhaustion Recovery‐15), burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Human Services Survey), post‐traumatic stress (Short Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview) and psychological distress (Patient Health Questionnaire‐4), and questions on work and demographics. The STROBE checklist was followed for reporting.ResultsThe sample had subthreshold insomnia, moderate‐to‐high chronic fatigue, high acute fatigue and low‐to‐moderate intershift recovery. The sample experienced increased emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, increased personal accomplishment, moderate psychological distress and high post‐traumatic stress. Nurses who cared for COVID‐19 patients had significantly scored worse on almost all measures than their co‐workers. Certain factors such as working hours per week and the frequency of 30‐min breaks were significant.ConclusionNursing staff experienced poor sleep, fatigue and multiple psychological problems during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Moreover, staff who were involved in the care of COVID‐19 patients, worked more than 40 h per week and skipped 30‐min breaks showed generally worse self‐reported outcomes.Relevance to clinical practiceNursing administration is recommended to monitor for fatigue and distress on nursing units, re‐visit current scheduling practices, reinforce rest breaks and provide access to mental health and sleep wellness resources with additional support for their front‐line nursing groups.
High expression of novel biomarker KRT16P3 promotes the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma and predicts poor prognosis
Authors: Yang Yifan , Feng Ling , Ma Hongzhi , Wang Ru , Fang Jugao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundOverexpression of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) reveals the abnormal pathological processes in many human cancers. KRT16P3, a novel overexpressed lncRNA in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), was identified by previous lncRNA microarrays. However, the role of KRT16P3 in TSCC is not clear.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to detect the expression of KRT16P3 in TSCC tissues and cells. Next, the relationships between KRT16P3 and the clinical significance of TSCC patients were analyzed. Additionally, Cell Counting Kit‐8, 5‐Bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay, cell colony formation assay, flow cytometry cell apoptosis analysis, scratch wound healing assay, transwell invasion assay were used to explore the biological function of KRT16P3. Western blot and qRT‐PCR were used to determine the expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. The pathway changes after KRT16P3 knockdown were detected by Western blot.ResultsWe found KRT16P3 expression is significantly upregulated in TSCC tissues and positively associated with advanced clinicopathological features of TSCC patients, and it may serve as a poor prognostic factor. Functionally, KRT16P3 knockdown inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and promotes apoptosis of TSCC cells. Furthermore, we also revealed that KRT16P3 knockdown suppresses EMT and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.ConclusionOur results validated that KRT16P3 can modulate the malignant progression, EMT process, and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway of TSCC, which might also serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and an attractive target for TSCC patients.
The genetic basis of oral leukoplakia and its key role in understanding oral carcinogenesis
Authors: Guimarães Letícia Martins , Diniz Marina Gonçalves , Rogatto Sílvia Regina , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Gomes Carolina Cavalieri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOral leukoplakia (OL) is the most common oral potentially malignant disorder, with a global prevalence of 2%‐3%, variable malignant transformation rate and incompletely understood aetiology. Considering the subjectivity in oral dysplasia grading, other evaluation methods have been tested as predictors of malignant transformation. DNA ploidy status and loss of heterozygosity signatures have been shown to be good predictive markers of malignant transformation. However, effective markers to predict which lesions will progress to invasive carcinoma and by which mechanisms remain unclear. Recent evidence suggests that dysplasia progression to carcinoma occurs through neutral clonal evolution (i.e. randomly). We focus on the genetic basis of OL, encompassing the gross chromosomal alterations and single‐gene mutations, and discuss such alterations in the context of aetiology, clinical presentation and progression. The deeper we understand the genetic basis of OL, the more we approach a better comprehension of the complex and poorly understood process of oral carcinogenesis.
Tacrolimus 0.03% ointment treatment in exfoliative cheilitis: A randomised controlled clinical trial and monitoring blood concentration
Authors: Liu Junjiang , Shi Liran , Wang Xiangjian , Wu Fanglong , Hu Mingjia , He Jing , Lin Mei , Wang Hongmei , Zhou Hongmei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTacrolimus has been used to treat various inflammatory skin diseases, but its safety for topical application on the oral mucosa is unknown. Exfoliative cheilitis (EC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the lips characterised by repeated scaling; it is difficult to manage. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus 0.03% ointment as a topical treatment in patients with EC.MethodsIn this randomised controlled clinical trial, 40 patients with EC were randomly assigned to receive either tacrolimus 0.03% ointment (experimental group, n = 20) or triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream (control group, n = 20) treatment for a 3‐week period. Medication was administered in 3, 2 and 1 daily doses during the first, second and third weeks, respectively. The patients with complete healing were followed up for 3 months. The clinical outcomes were measured, including the scores regarding signs (scale, dryness, rhagades and swelling) and symptoms (rough, dry, pain, pruritus and burning sensation) at every visit. Blood concentrations of tacrolimus were assessed.ResultsAfter the 3‐week treatment, healing rates of scale in the experimental and control groups were 65% and 10%, respectively (P = .018). Improvement in all signs and two symptoms (rough, pruritus) was much greater in the experimental group (P < .05). The 3‐month recurrence rate was higher in the control group (P = .029). Tacrolimus blood concentrations were in the safe range (< 5 ng/mL).ConclusionTopical tacrolimus 0.03% ointment has good short‐term efficacy and safety for treating EC.
Are Students with Mathematics Learning Disabilities Receiving FAPE?: Insights from a Descriptive Review of Individualized Education Programs
Authors: Hott Brittany L. , Morano Stephanie , Peltier Corey , Pulos Joshua , Peltier Tiffany 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudents with mathematics learning disability (MLD) are entitled to a free appropriate public education (FAPE) as outlined by their Individualized Education Program (IEP). The IEP is a roadmap to enhance in‐school and postschool outcomes for students with a disability. We reviewed IEPs (n = 89) for secondary students with MLD enrolled in 15 rural independent school districts in the southeast part of the United States. Results suggested secondary students with MLD have needs in (a) calculation; (b) fractions, decimals, and percentages; (c) functional mathematics; (d) reading; and (e) social and behavioral skills based on annual goals written in their IEPs. Yet 70% of the IEPs reviewed included only instruction in the general education setting, without specialized services. IEPs included a variety of accommodations, but few goals facilitated access to grade‐level content or special education services to support specialized instruction to meet goals. Implications for practice, limitations, and future research are discussed.
Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: Prognostic and predictive factors of survival in a Latin American cohort
Authors: Maccali Claudia , Chagas Aline L. , Boin Ilka , Quiñonez Emilio , Marciano Sebastián , Vilatobá Mario , Varón Adriana , Anders Margarita , Hoyos Duque Sergio , Lima Agnaldo S. , Menendez Josemaría , Padilla‐Machaca Martín , Poniachik Jaime , Zapata Rodrigo , Maraschio Martín , Chong Menéndez Ricardo , Muñoz Linda , Arufe Diego , Figueroa Rodrigo , Soza Alejandro , Fauda Martín , Perales Simone R. , Vergara Sandoval Rodrigo , Bermudez Carla , Beltran Oscar , Arenas Hoyos Isabel , McCormack Lucas , Mattera Francisco Juan , Gadano Adrián , Parente García Jose H. , Tani Claudia Megumi , Augusto Carneiro D’Albuquerque Luiz , Carrilho Flair J. , Silva Marcelo , Piñero Federico 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground & AimRecurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT) has a poor prognosis, and the adjusted effect of different treatments on post‐recurrence survival (PRS) has not been well defined. This study aims to evaluate prognostic and predictive variables associated with PRS.MethodsThis Latin American multicenter retrospective cohort study included HCC patients who underwent LT between the years 2005‐2018. We evaluated the effect of baseline characteristics at time of HCC recurrence diagnosis and PRS (Cox regression analysis). Early recurrences were those occurring within 12 months of LT. To evaluate the adjusted treatment effect for HCC recurrence, a propensity score matching analysis was performed to assess the probability of having received any specific treatment for recurrence.ResultsFrom a total of 1085 transplanted HCC patients, the cumulative incidence of recurrence was 16.6% (CI 13.5‐20.3), with median time to recurrence of 13.0 months (IQR 6.0‐26.0). Factors independently associated with PRS were early recurrence (47.6%), treatment with sorafenib and surgery/trans‐arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Patients who underwent any treatment presented “early recurrences” less frequently, and more extrahepatic metastasis. This unbalanced distribution was included in the propensity score matching, with correct calibration and discrimination (receiving operator curve of 0.81 [CI 0.72;0.88]). After matching, the adjusted effect on PRS for any treatment was HR of 0.2 (0.10;0.33); P < .0001, for sorafenib therapy HR of 0.4 (0.27;0.77); P = .003, and for surgery/TACE HR of 0.4 (0.18;0.78); P = .009.ConclusionAlthough early recurrence was associated with worse outcome, even in this population, systemic or locoregional treatments were associated with better PRS.