bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, timing and risk factors of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity in a North American cohort
Authors: Yu Yinxi , Tomlinson Lauren A , Binenbaum Gil , Ying Gui-shuang 
Published: September 2020

Background/AimsEarly detection and timely treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) can reduce the risk of blindness. To evaluate the incidence, timing and risk factors of type 1 ROP in a large, broad-risk cohort of premature infants.MethodsSecondary analysis of data from the two Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity studies. Main outcomes are the incidence and timing of type 1 ROP.ResultsAmong 11 463 infants (mean birth weight (BW), 1095 g; mean gestational age (GA), 28 weeks), 677 (5.9%, 95% CI 5.5% to 6.3%) developed type 1 ROP. Rate of type 1 ROP decreased with larger GA (28.8% for GA ≤23 weeks, 0.2% for GA of 31–32 weeks) and no infants with GA >32 weeks developed type 1 ROP. Type 1 ROP was first diagnosed at a median postmenstrual age (PMA) of 36 weeks (range 30–46 weeks) or postnatal age (PNA) of 11 weeks (range 5–21 weeks). The mean PMA at diagnosis of type 1 ROP increased with GA (35 weeks for GA of 22–24 weeks, 41 weeks for GA of 29–30 weeks), but the mean PNA at diagnosis of type 1 ROP was similar (11–13 weeks) across GA of 22–29 weeks. GA and BW dominate the association (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.87, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.88).ConclusionsType 1 ROP developed in about 6% of premature infants over wide time windows in terms of both PMA and PNA. BW and GA are the dominant risk factors for type 1 ROP, while other prenatal factors add minimal predictive power for type 1 ROP.
T-folds as Poisson–Lie plurals
Authors: Hlavatý Ladislav , Petr Ivo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn previous papers we have presented many purely bosonic solutions of Generalized Supergravity Equations obtained by Poisson–Lie T-duality and plurality of flat and Bianchi cosmologies. In this paper we focus on their compactifications and identify solutions that can be interpreted as T-folds. To recognize T-folds we adopt the language of Double Field Theory and discuss how Poisson–Lie T-duality/plurality fits into this framework. As a special case we confirm that all non-Abelian T-duals can be compactified as T-folds.
Approximate Cache in GPGPUs
Authors: Atoofian Ehsan 
Published: September 2020

There is a growing number of application domains ranging from multimedia to machine learning where a certain level of inexactness can be tolerated. For these applications, approximate computing is an effective technique that trades off some loss in output data integrity for energy and/or performance gains. In this article, we present the approximate cache, which approximates similar values and saves energy in the L2 cache of general-purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs). The L2 cache is a critical component in memory hierarchy of GPGPUs, as it accommodates data of thousands of simultaneously executing threads. Simply increasing the size of the L2 cache is not a viable solution to keep up with the growing size of data in many-core applications.
This work is motivated by the observation that threads within a warp write values into memory that are arithmetically similar. We exploit this property and propose a low-cost and implementation-efficient hardware to trade off accuracy for energy. The approximate cache identifies similar values during the runtime and allows only one thread writes into the cache in the event of similarity. Since the approximate cache is able to pack more data in a smaller space, it enables downsizing of the data array with negligible impact on cache misses and lower-level memory. The approximate cache reduces both dynamic and static energy. By storing data of a thread into a cache block, each memory instruction requires accessing fewer cache cells, thus reducing dynamic energy. In addition, the approximate cache increases frequency of bank idleness. By power gating idle banks, static energy is reduced. Our evaluations reveal that the approximate cache reduces energy by 52% with minimal quality degradation while maintaining performance of a diverse set of GPGPU applications.
The Critically Endangered White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis in Sigur Plateau, Western Ghats, India: Population, breeding ecology, and threats
Authors: Samson Arockianathan , Ramakrishnan Balasundaram 
Published: September 2020

The present study aimed to assess the population status, breeding ecology, and conservation threats of Critically Endangered White-rumped Vulture in Sigur Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India from June 2011 to May 2012. The population of White-rumped vulture was estimated in the roosting and nesting sites twice in a month. Nesting colonies were systematically visited four times in a month during the breeding season to study nesting and breeding ecology. Carcasses and vulture counting was done by opportunistic count method. Two sets of questionnaires namely ‘precise and closed’ and ‘broad and open-ended’ were developed to asses the people’s perception on vulture conservation. The overall population of White-rumped Vultures was estimated about 70 to 115 individuals. In total, 68 nests were observed in two nesting colonies. Most of the nests (97%) were recorded on Terminalia arjuna and only 3% on Spondias mangifera. Among the 68 constructed nests, 34 were incubated and 30 chicks were fledged out from the nests with 88% breeding success. Feeding behavior was observed from 28 carcasses, Vultures were attended only 15 caracasses an average of 56.04±3.29 individuals of vultures were recorded. Interestingly, Elephant (61.8±5.1) and Indian Gaur (58.5±0.3) carcasses were attracted in greater numbers of vultures in susiquent days (3.5±0.2) than other carcasses. People’s attitude to vulture conservation was positive and useful in 90.82% of the cases (n=99). Cattle carcass disposal method favored to vultures in these regions. The Sigur Plateau to be declared as “Vulture Sanctuary” in order to legally protect and conserve the country’s southern-most wild and viable Critically Endangered White-rumped Vulture population in the landscape.
A checklist of butterfly fauna of Bankura Town, West Bengal, India
Authors: Nayak Ananya 
Published: September 2020

The present study on butterflies was conducted in different habitat types in Bankura Town along the banks of Gandheswari and Dwarakeswar rivers for 24 months from January 2017 to December 2018. The results of the study recorded the presence of 1,273 individuals of butterflies belonging to 57 species and 42 genera in six families. The study recorded 20 species of butterflies under Nymphalidae, 14 species under Lycaenidae, 10 species under Pieridae, eight species under Hesperiidae, six species under Papilionidae, and only one species under Riodinidae. The present study provides a preliminary report on the butterfly diversity of Bankura Town which in turn may generate awareness among the local people and government about the importance of these essential pollinators and their conservation.
Contribution to the Macromycetes of West Bengal, India: 69–73
Authors: Das Diptosh , Pradhan Prakash , Ray Debal , Roy Anirban , Acharya Krishnendu 
Published: September 2020

The varied topography, soil and climate of West Bengal makes conducive conditions of macrofungal habitats nurturing magnificent diversity. During exploration of macro-fungal diversity in Terai Duars region of the state during 2017–18, basidiocarps of different kinds of the genus Lentinus (Polyporaceae) were collected, photographed along with macro-morphological and ecological notes. The specimens were identified through macro and micro-morphological characters following standard literature. Five species of the genus Lentinus (L. araucariae, L. fasciatus, L. polychrous, L. sajor-caju, and L. squarrosulus) were identified which are presented in this paper along with amplified description, necessary figures and photographs. Literature survey revealed that out of five identified species, L. araucariae and L. fasciatus represent new distributional record for India. The outcome of the present study would enrich data related to the macro-fungal diversity from the state of West Bengal.
Killer Whale Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae) predation on Sperm Whales Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Physeteridae) in the Gulf of Mannar, Sri Lanka
Authors: Nanayakkara Ranil P. , Sutton Andrew , Hoare Philip , Jefferson Thomas A. 
Published: September 2020

To date in Sri Lankan waters, there has been limited research on Killer Whales. These animals have been recorded almost all around the island, except in the northernmost waters and in Palk Bay. The highest observed concentrations are from the northeastern, south/southwestern and northwestern coastal waters of Sri Lanka. These have come from both opportunistic observations and dedicated scientific surveys. Seasonal trends in sightings in some locations suggest fairly consistent occupancy. Transient Killer Whales have been documented attacking/killing Sperm Whales from many geographic locations around the world. To date, there is only one published account of Killer Whales feeding in Sri Lankan waters. Our paper presents, for the first time, field observations of Killer Whales preying upon superpods of Sperm Whales in the waters off the Kalpitiya Peninsula (eastern half of the Gulf of Mannar), northwestern Sri Lanka. The incidents took place on two separate occasions during the months of March and April, 2017.
Breeding biology of Malabar Tree Toad Pedostibes tuberculosus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Castle Rock, Karnataka, India
Authors: Gaitonde Nikhil , Deshpande Deepak 
Published: September 2020

The Malabar Tree Toad Pedostibes tuberculosus Günther, 1876 is an endemic and endangered species from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, however, its reproductive biology is barely understood. In 2018, we opportunistically encountered a breeding aggregation of P. tuberculosus at Castlerock, Karnataka, and recorded its breeding behavior. We found P. tuberculosus in the northern Western Ghats to aggregate in choruses and breed for a short duration (a couple of nights). Males physically competed in short duels to gain access to females. The males clasped the females around the armpits in a tight axillary amplexus lasting an entire night. The female in an overnight amplexus laid approximately 150 eggs. We observed the tadpoles to rapidly develop and complete metamorphosis within a month. We highlight the variation in reproductive traits in populations of P. tuberculosus distributed along the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot which will aid in conservation and systematics of this species group.
Five new species of trap-door spiders (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) from India
Authors: Siliwal Manju , Rajshekhar Hippargi  , Archana Yadav  , Dolly Kumar  
Published: September 2020

The family Idiopidae is dominated by the subfamily Idiopinae with 106 species recorded from the world; 20 species (five species of Helgimomerus, 12 species of Idiops, and three species of Scalidognathus) are reported from India. In this paper, we describe a new species of Heligmomerus wii from Dehradun, Uttarakhand and four new species of Idiops: Idiops bonny, Idiops reshma, & Idiops sally from Dangs, Gujarat and Idiops vankhede from Maharashtra.
Commercially and medicinally significant aquatic macrophytes: potential for improving livelihood security of indigenous communities in northern Bihar, India
Authors: Raut Shailendra , Gupta Nishikant , Everard Mark , Singh Indu Shekhar 
Published: September 2020

The dispersed wetlands in the Darbhanga District of northern Bihar, India, provide a diversity of niches supporting substantial floral and faunal richness. The aquatic macrophytes of a representative range of perennial water bodies were surveyed fortnightly from June to September 2019, supported by a market survey undertaken with local stakeholders. A total of 61 species of vascular macrophytes was recorded, the majority of them Angiosperms (33 species of Dicotyledons from 21 families, and 26 Monocotyledons from 13 families) and two were Pteridophytes. This paper highlights the distribution pattern and potential commercial and medicinal values of aquatic macrophytes found in different wetland systems in northern Bihar. It further stresses their importance for subsistence, medicinal and economic purposes supporting the livelihoods of local people. Current trends and risks contributing to the degradation and loss of this diverse flora and its supporting habitats are considered. We recommend further assessment of the occurrence and values of this botanical resource, and extension of valuation to encompass the diverse additional ecosystem service benefits provided by the region’s wetland systems, as a basis for wetland conservation strategies founded on sustainable management and wise use, with particular reference to the potential for enhancing livelihood security of indigenous communities.
Range extension and first confirmed record of the Flightless Anomalure Zenkerella insignis (Matschie, 1898) (Mammalia: Rodentia: Anomaluridae) in Nigeria
Authors: Adejumo Dolapo Oluwafemi , Adeyanju Temidaya Adeniyi , Adeyanju Taiye Esther 
Published: September 2020

The Cameroon Scaly-tail Zenkerella insignis is the only known extant species in the family Zenkerellidae. It is a rare mammal endemic to the thick rainforests of central and western Africa. This species is so rarely encountered that the first picture of a live specimen was taken in 2015. We encountered and photographed the elusive scaly-tail in the core zone of Omo Forest Reserve in Nigeria in May 2019. Its behaviour was also observed. This sighting is the first record of the Cameroon Scaly-tail in Nigeria and a significant westward range extension.
Rapid multi-taxa assessment around Dhamapur Lake (Sindhudurg, Maharashtra, India) using citizen science reveals significant odonate records
Authors: Mujumdar Neha , Sawant Dattaprasad , Sumanapala Amila , Rangnekar Parag , Koparde Pankaj 
Published: September 2020

In the present work, we discuss the results of a four-day long rapid survey around Dhamapur Lake and surrounding freshwater habitats in the Sindhudurg District of Maharashtra through public participation. In total, 61 odonates, 51 butterflies, 17 species of amphibians and reptiles, 90 birds, and four mammals are documented. Our observations taken over a brief time reflect the importance of citizen science in documenting local biodiversity. We report involvement of citizen scientists in recovering significant odonate records for the state.
Leaf nutrients of two Cycas L. species contrast among in situ and ex situ locations
Authors: Marler Thomas E. , Lindstrom Anders 
Published: September 2020

An understanding of leaf nutrient relations is required for tree conservation and horticulture success. The study of cycad leaf nutrient dynamics has expanded in recent years, but direct comparisons among reports remains equivocal due to varying sampling protocols. We used Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill and Cycas nongnoochiae K.D. Hill trees to determine the influence on leaf nutrient concentrations of in situ versus ex situ locations and orientation of leaves within the tree canopy. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations of leaves from ex situ plants exceeded those from in situ plants, and the differences were not explained by soil nutrient differences. Calcium concentrations of leaves varied among the site pairs, with differences primarily explained by soil calcium. Magnesium concentrations of leaves were not different among all location pairs even though soil magnesium concentrations varied among the sites more than any of the other elements. Differences in leaf macronutrient concentrations among four C. micronesica provenances were minimal when grown in a common garden. Lateral orientation of leaves did not influence any of the essential elements for either of the species. These findings indicate that the lateral orientation of cycad leaves does not influence leaf nutrient concentrations, leaf nutrient relations of cycad plants in managed ex situ settings do not align with leaf nutrient relations in habitat, and these differences are not explained by soil nutrition for most elements. We suggest that leaf nutrient concentrations should be determined in all niche habitats within the geographic range of a cycad species in order to fully understand the leaf physiology of each species.
First record of the Assam Leaf Turtle Cyclemys gemeli (Fritz et al. 2008) (Reptilia: Testudines: Geoemydidae) from the Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya, India
Authors: Pradhan Aditya , Chettri Niran , Sengupta Saibal 
Published: September 2020

An individual of the Assam Leaf Turtle Cyclemys gemeli was sighted at an elevation of 580m in Darjeeling. This is the first record of the species from the Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya, India. Photographs and locality record of the sighting are provided in the present communication.
Championing Health Promoting Schools: A secondary school case study from Victoria, Australia
Authors: Meiklejohn Sarah , Peeters Anna , Palermo Claire 
Published: September 2020

Objective: School-based prevention interventions informed by the World Health Organization Health Promoting School (HPS) framework aim to improve the health and wellbeing of school-aged children, yet few studies describe factors influencing the successful implementation of this framework in secondary schools. This study sought to explore why and how secondary schools might implement the HPS framework and factors contributing to success. Design: Qualitative case study. Setting: A single secondary school in Victoria, Australia, purposefully selected due to local recognition of an HPS policy. Method: Data collection included semi-structured interviews, document retrieval, drawings and ethnographic observation. Data were analysed using framework analysis. Results: The school had elected to implement the policy as it aligned with its existing health and wellbeing policy framework and provided a flexible yet evidence-based framework to guide a whole-of-school approach to promoting health and wellbeing. Success was perceived to be dependent on selecting easier health priority areas to address initially, the allocation of a designated team to guide policy implementation and access to a skilled health promotion worker to assist implementation. Conclusion: Study findings highlight potential reasons why and how secondary schools might implement the HPS framework and factors contributing to success. Further research is warranted to enhance the transferability of these findings and explore the impact of the HPS framework in secondary schools.
HealthLit4Kids: Dilemmas associated with student health literacy development in the primary school setting
Authors: Nash Rose , Cruickshank Vaughan , Pill Shane , MacDonald Abbey , Coleman Cheryn , Elmer Shandell 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To ascertain teachers’ articulation and experiences of navigating dilemmas that inhibit and/or enable the fostering of health literacy in primary school settings. Design: Qualitative analysis of teachers’ written reflections on introducing health literacy into their school and classroom. Setting: Tasmania, Australia. Method: Eighty-four teachers in five primary schools participated in the HealthLit4Kids programme. Teacher reflections were collected at the conclusion of the first year of the programme and assessed using Windschitl’s Dilemmas to identify recurrent themes raised by the conceptual, pedagogic, cultural and political dilemmas teachers faced. Results: Key dilemmas faced by teachers concerned the development of a whole-of-school approach, student engagement and professional development. Conclusion: Internationally few health literacy programmes for primary schools exist. The theory developed from the themes identified in this study will inform future health literacy programme design and implementation strategies. Purposeful consideration of each theme will guide their success, scalability and sustainability. Future research on the role of constructivist teaching styles in health literacy development in the school setting is urgently required.
Internalized stigmatization and subjective recovery in individuals with chronic mental illness
Authors: Kaşli Seher , Al Orhan , Bademli Kerime 
Published: September 2020

Background: Individuals with mental illness, as they are stigmatized by society, are also stigmatized themselves, and this process is internalized. This may adversely affect the recovery process. Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between internalized stigmatization and subjective recovery in patients with schizophrenic. Method: This research was performed for patients with schizophrenia at rehabilitation centers registered with the community mental health center. The survey was performed out with 94 patients in the recovery phase who met the inclusion criteria and who going to the center. Sociodemographic information form, internalized stigmatization scale and subjective recovery assessment scale were used in the collection of data. Results: In the study it was found that there is a relationship between internalized stigmatization and subjective recovery. Increased levels of internalized stigma patient outcome would decrease the level of recovery. Conclusion: It is recommended that nurses perform intervention programs to reduce internalized stigmatization in patients with schizophrenia.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Video Head Impulse and Bi-Thermal Caloric Tests in Vertigo
Authors: Altunay Zeynep Onerci , Ozkarakas Haluk 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To compare video head impulse test (vHIT) and caloric test efficacy in decompensated and compensated vertigo patients and to further investigate whether vHIT alone can be used as a diagnostic tool in vertigo. Methods: This study included 25 patients diagnosed with vertigo and without any previous history of vertigo or hearing loss before their admission to our clinic. The control group consisted of 16 healthy adult volunteers. Patients were classified into 2 groups, compensated and decompensated. Video head impulse test and caloric tests were performed and the results were compared between the groups. Results: The difference of caloric test values between control-compensated groups and compensated-decompensated groups was statistically significant ( P < .001, Pearson χ2). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the compensated and control groups according to vHIT gain asymmetry values ( P = .087). In the very early stages of the disease with spontaneous nystagmus, the diagnostic significance of vHIT was similar to that of the caloric test. When both sides were compared, vHIT gain asymmetry values were close to the caloric test asymmetry values. In the compensated stage, caloric test was superior to vHIT in differentiating compensated vestibular pathologies. When vHIT sensitivity was evaluated according to the bi-thermal caloric test results, the sensitivity of the vHIT gain asymmetry value was 85.71% and 23.08% for decompensated and compensated patients respectively. Conclusion: In the early decompensated stages of the disease with spontaneous nystagmus, vHIT shows similar diagnostic accuracy to that of the caloric test. Since patients can tolerate vHIT more easily, our results suggest that vHIT can be considered as a primary evaluation method in the early (decompensated) period of the disease and should be preferred over the caloric test during the acute phase. Caloric test is more reliable at the compensated stage. Video head impulse test is inadequate in evaluating the compensated vestibular hypofunctional states after compensation has been restored. Level of Evidence: Level 2b