bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Shoah Memorial: A history retraced from the Drancy site
Authors: Lefeuvre Annaïg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBetween the inauguration of the Tomb of the Unknown Jewish Martyr in 1956 in Paris and the opening of the Shoah Memorial in Drancy in 2012, the narration of the Shoah in France has evolved through the use of archives, discussions, commemorations and exhibitions. In the immediate post-war period, a small group of people worked on the construction of a dedicated place to document the genocide of Jews in Europe in order to ensure that the memory of the Shoah would be impregnated into the collective consciousness. This project, which later evolved into the Paris and Drancy Shoah Memorials, could be seen as an expression of what remembrance is in France today.
The role of experience and the place of history in the writings of ICRC presidents
Authors: Cotter Cédric 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPresidents of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) occupy a special position: they are not only direct witnesses to the march of history, but they also participate in it given their prominent role in the humanitarian sphere. This dual status becomes particularly salient when they write about the organization they run. By reviewing the published writings of ICRC presidents, this article analyzes how these individuals combine their personal experience with the organization's history, and the role this history plays in their writing.
Studienwahlmotivation von Lehramtsstudierenden und Aspekte ihrer professionellen Kompetenz
Authors: Dörrenbächer-Ulrich Laura , Biermann Antje , Brünken Roland , Perels Franziska 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Studienwahlmotivation angehender Lehrpersonen stellt einen wichtigen Prädiktor für professionsbezogene Kompetenzmerkmale dar. Es lassen sich intrinsische und extrinsische Motivationskomplexe unterscheiden, wobei sich eine intrinsische Studienwahlmotivation positiv auf studien- und berufsrelevante Variablen auswirkt. Personenzentrierte Untersuchungen deuten auf unterschiedliche Motivationsprofile bei angehenden Lehrpersonen hin. Die vorliegende Studie analysiert diese Profile weitergehend auch bezüglich Unterschieden in professionsrelevanten Merkmale wie Lehrerselbstwirksamkeit (allgemein, heterogenitätsbezogen), Einstellung zur Inklusion, selbstreguliertes Lernen sowie Professionswissen. Latente Profilanalysen mit den Ausprägungen der Studienwahlmotivation von N = 312 Lehramtsstudierenden, resultierten in einer Viergruppenlösung (vorrangig intrinsisch,vorrangig extrinsisch, ausgewogen hoch/niedrig motiviert). Es zeigten sich hypothesenkonforme Unterschiede in der Lehrerselbstwirksamkeit und dem selbstregulierten Lernen mit Vorteilen für die intrinsische und ausgewogen hoch motivierte Gruppe. In Bezug auf das Professionswissen zeigten sich keine Unterschiede. Implikationen für weitere Forschung in Bezug auf die Studienwahlmotivation und Konsequenzen für Lehre und Studienberatung werden diskutiert.
Crustal Cracks and Frozen Flow in Oceanic Lithosphere Inferred From Electrical Anisotropy
Authors: Chesley Christine , Key Kerry , Constable Steven , Behrens James , MacGregor Lucy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGeophysical observations of anisotropy in oceanic lithosphere offer insight into the formation and evolution of tectonic plates. Seismic anisotropy is well studied but electrical anisotropy remains poorly understood, especially in the crust and uppermost mantle. Here we characterize electrical anisotropy in 33 Ma Pacific lithosphere using controlled‐source electromagnetic data that are highly sensitive to lithospheric azimuthal anisotropy. Our data reveal that the crust is ∼18–36 times more conductive in the paleo mid‐ocean ridge direction than the perpendicular paleo‐spreading direction, while in the uppermost mantle conductivity is ∼29 times higher in the paleo‐spreading direction. We propose that the crustal anisotropy results from subvertical porosity created by ridge‐parallel normal faulting during extension of the young crust and thermal stress‐driven cracking from cooling of mature crust. The magnitude of uppermost mantle anisotropy is consistent with recent experimental results showing strong electrical anisotropy in sheared olivine, suggesting its paleo‐spreading orientation results from sub‐Moho mantle shearing during plate formation.
New Evidence of ‘Anomalous' Vertical Movements along the Hinterland of the Atlantic NW African Margin
Authors: Gouiza M. , Bertotti G. , Charton R. , Haimoudane K. , Dunkl I. , Anczkiewicz A. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLow‐temperature thermochronology studies revealed major exhumation events affecting domains in the hinterland of the Central Atlantic margins, where Palaeozoic and/or Precambrian basement is exposed. Thus, domains traditionally assumed to be stable since at least the Variscan and juxtaposed to subsiding Meso‐Cenozoic basins, appear to be affected by km‐scale vertical movements during the Atlantic rifting and after the Early Jurassic breakup in the Central Atlantic. In this contribution, we investigate the extent and the magnitude of these motions along the NW African margin by presenting the first low‐temperature thermochronology data from west Mauritania. The analysed 22 samples were collected along the Mauritanides, a N‐S trending Variscan Belt separating the cratonic Taoudeni Basin in the east from the Atlantic coastal basin in the west. The obtained apatite fission track (AFT) ages range between 236 and 90 Ma, with mean track lengths between 11.22 and 12.81 μm and Dpar comprised between 1.6 and 2.1 μm. The uncorrected (U‐Th‐Sm)/He (AHe) ages vary between 261 and 33 Ma. Inverse thermal modelling of the AFT and AHe data indicates that the hinterland of the Mauritanian Atlantic margin experienced (i) burial between the Permian and the Late Triassic, (ii) km‐scale exhumation during Middle‐Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, (iii) burial during the Palaeogene–early Miocene, and (iv) exhumation between mid‐Miocene and present‐day. We argue that these vertical movements are primarily driven by the tectonic evolution of the Atlantic rift and the subsequent geodynamic evolution of the Central Atlantic Ocean and the African plate.
Effect of Anisotropic Pressure on Electron Acoustic Oscillatory and Monotonic Shocks in Superthermal Magnetoplasma
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Saini N. S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNonlinear oscillatory and monotonic electron acoustic shock waves in dissipative magnetorotating electron‐positron‐ion plasmas containing cold dynamical electrons, superthermal electrons, and positrons have been analyzed in the stationary background of massive positive ions. The Korteweg de‐Vries‐Burgers equation which describes the dynamics of the nonlinear shock structures is derived by using amplitude reductive perturbation technique. The quantitative analysis of impact of different physical parameters on the shock structures is presented here. The electron fluid viscosity plays a pivotal role for the transition of electron acoustic (EA) monotonic to oscillatory shocks and vice versa. It is remarkable that the shock structures are sensitive to the Coriolis force, obliqueness, electron temperature, and the positrons concentration. The present work may be employed to explore and to understand the formation of electron acoustic shock structures in the space and laboratory plasmas with superthermal electrons and positrons under magnetorotating effects, especially in auroral zone, Van Allen radiation belts, planetary magnetospheres, pulsars, black‐hole magnetospheres, etc.
Determining Direction‐of‐Arrival Accuracy for Installed Antennas by Postprocessing of Far‐Field Data
Authors: Frid Henrik , Malmström Johan , Jonsson B. L. G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDirection‐of‐arrival (DoA) estimation accuracy can be degraded due to installation effects, such as platform reflections, diffraction from metal edges, and reflections and refraction in the radome. To analyze these effects, this paper starts with a definition of the term installation error related to DoA estimation. Thereafter, we present a postprocessing method, which can be used to determine the DoA estimation accuracy for installed antennas. By computing synthetic signals from the installed far‐field data, it is possible to analyze the installation errors described above, in addition to analyzing array model errors. The method formulation is general, thus allowing generic array configurations, installation configurations, and direction‐finding algorithms to be studied. The use of the presented method is demonstrated by a case study of a wideband four‐quadrant array. In this case study, we investigate the installation errors due to a single‐shell radome. Thereafter, the effects of platform reflections are also analyzed, for an antenna placement in the tail of a fighter aircraft. Simulation results are presented for both the monopulse and the MUltiple SIgnal Classification direction‐finding algorithms.
Kinetic Exchange of Remobilized Phosphorus Related to Phosphorus‐Iron‐Sulfur Biogeochemical Coupling in Coastal Sediment
Authors: Pan Feng , Guo Zhanrong , Cai Yu , Liu Huatai , Wu Jinye , Fu Yuyao , Wang Bo , Gao Aiguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhosphorus (P) cycling in coastal sediment can be strongly coupled to iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) geochemical transformations. In this study, the high‐resolution dialysis (HR‐Peeper) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) techniques were employed to synchronously characterize the in situ P‐Fe‐S biogeochemistry in coastal sediments around Xiamen Bay, China. The results show that P remobilization is mainly controlled by dissimilatory Fe reduction in the Jiulong River Estuary (JE) and the eastern coast of Xiamen Bay (EX), while it is dominated by sulfate reduction in the Jiuxi River Estuary. The confined oxidizing depth and the higher DGT‐labile S and soluble Fe (II) concentrations in October indicate that the hypoxia induced by tides and river runoff has a greater effect on sulfate reduction and Fe reduction than high temperatures in July, which accelerate P remobilization and exchange flux. Model simulations of the P resupply and adsorption/desorption kinetics demonstrate that the enhancement of Fe reduction and sulfate reduction triggered by hypoxia promotes the continuous release of P. Both DGT‐labile P and S presented distinct distribution patterns in crab burrows during flood tide and ebb tide. A negative P exchange flux to the overlying water controlled by Fe (III) retention at JE and a positive P exchange flux controlled by intense sulfate reduction at EX were observed, both of which were significantly higher than the molecular diffusion flux. We suggest that internal P loading related to Fe and S redox geochemistry should receive more attention, especially in the context of expanding global marine hypoxia.
Syncytin 1 dependent horizontal transfer of marker genes from retrovirally transduced cells
Authors: Uygur Berna , Melikov Kamran , Arakelyan Anush , Margolis Leonid B. , Chernomordik Leonid V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRetroviral transduction is routinely used to generate cell lines expressing exogenous non-viral genes. Here, we show that human cells transduced to stably express GFP transfer GFP gene to non-transduced cells. This horizontal gene transfer was mediated by a fraction of extracellular membrane vesicles that were released by the transduced cells. These vesicles carried endogenous retroviral envelope protein syncytin 1 and essentially acted as replication-competent retroviruses. The ability to transfer the GFP gene correlated with the levels of syncytin 1 expression in the transduced cells and depended on the fusogenic activity of this protein, substantiating the hypothesis that endogenous syncytin 1 mediates fusion stage in the delivery of extracellular vesicle cargo into target cells. Our findings suggest that testing for replication-competent retroviruses, a routine safety test for transduced cell products in clinical studies, should be also carried out for cell lines generated by retroviral vectors in in vitro studies.
Phosphorylation of the histone demethylase KDM5B and regulation of the phenotype of triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Yeh I-Ju , Esakov Emily , Lathia Justin D. , Miyagi Masaru , Reizes Ofer , Montano Monica M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEpigenetic modifications are known to play critical roles in the expression of genes related to differentiation and dedifferentiation. Histone lysine demethylase KDM5B (PLU-1) catalyzes the demethylation of histone H3 on Lys 4 (H3K4), which results in the repression of gene expression. KDM5B is involved in regulation of luminal and basal cell specific gene expression in breast cancers. However, the mechanisms by which KDM5B is regulated in breast cancer, in particular in response to post-translational signals is not well-defined. Here, we demonstrate that KDM5B is phosphorylated at Ser1456 by the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Phosphorylation of KDM5B at Ser1456 attenuated the occupancy of KDM5B on the promoters of pluripotency genes. Moreover, KDM5B inhibited the expression of pluripotency genes, SOX2 and NANOG, and decreased the stem cell population in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (TNBC). We previously reported that the tumor suppressor HEXIM1 is a mediator of KDM5B recruitment to its target genes, and HEXIM1 is required for the inhibition of nuclear hormone receptor activity by KDM5B. Similarly, HEXIM1 is required for regulation of pluripotency genes by KDM5B.
High-throughput screening of laser additive manufactured metallic glass via ultrasonic wave
Authors: Zhai Linlin , Lu Yunzhuo , Zhao Xinyu , Wang Lu , Lu Xing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLaser additive manufacturing (LAM) technology provides an opportunity to fabricate bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) without any dimensional constraint and achieve the large-scale applications of BMGs. However, flaws, such as cracks, gas porosity, and crystalline phases, are always formed accompanied by the process of LAM, which seriously worsens the mechanical and physical properties of the resulting BMGs. Here, we present a novel method that involves ultrasonic wave technique to high-throughput screen the optimum process parameters for the LAM of BMG. A parameter library, constituted by a series of rectangular BMG samples, is rapidly fabricated by the LAM method under continuously changed combinations of laser power and travel speed. The ultrasonic attenuation factor, which is sensitive to the flaws, is used as the monitor to screen the parameters of the BMGs fabricated by the LAM. Using this approach, the laser power of 1300 W and travel speed of 600 mm/min are estimated as the optimum parameter combination for the LAM of a Zr51Ti5Ni10Cu25Al9 (Zr51) BMG with the slightest flaws. The amorphous-phase dominated microstructure and the sufficiently high tensile strength of the subsequent fabricated large-sized Zr51 BMG sample verify this optimum parameter combination.
Alcohol Intake and Cancer Risk
Authors: Romualdo G. R. , Vinken M. , Cogliati B. 
Published: November 2019

Alcohol is classified as a group I carcinogen and is considered an important cause of cancer, corresponding to 12.6% of all cancer-related deaths worldwide. Heavy alcohol consumption has been linked to an increased risk for various types of cancers in humans, especially those associated with the gastrointestinal tract, such as the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, liver, colon, rectum and pancreas. Several mechanisms are described in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated gastrointestinal cancers. Acetaldehyde, a toxic product of alcohol metabolism, has been proposed as the main carcinogenic compound, which causes DNA damage and genomic instability after heavy alcohol consumption. Indeed, acetaldehyde exhibits local carcinogenic actions on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, which has potential synergistic effects with other risk factors, such as smoking. This chapter will revise the evidence on the epidemiological association and mechanistic studies linking alcohol consumption with the risk of several types of gastrointestinal cancers.
Nutrition, the Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Cancer Prevention
Authors: Lopes R. G. , do Prado S. B. R. , Fabi J. P. 
Published: November 2019

The gastrointestinal microbiota acts on the maturation of the immune system and in the regulation of epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. An altered intestinal microbiota could lead to some undesirable outcomes, such as local and systemic inflammation, pathogenic colonization and, consequently, cancer. The interaction between the human immune system and the gastrointestinal microbiota hinders a wide range of pathogenic attacks. However, when dysbiosis – an altered biological condition of bacterial profiling – occurs, carcinogenesis could be incipient. In this way, the gastrointestinal microbiota plays an important role in cancer prevention and cancer progression. Colorectal carcinogenesis is mainly driven by sequential genetic mutations in intestinal cells’ DNA and there is a correlation between early signs of dysbiosis with colorectal cancer (CRC). Some bacteria could be the cause of CRC while some others could just be the consequence of cancer development. Within all these bacteria, some could modify food components from diet resulting in tumor-suppressor molecules or in pro-carcinogenic molecules. In this way, a regular ingestion of a balanced diet, with low amounts of fat, red meat and processed meat, and high amounts of food fibers with optional supplementation of probiotics could be a key strategy for cancer prevention.
Global axisymmetric simulations of photoevaporation and magnetically driven protoplanetary disk winds
Authors: Rodenkirch P. J. , Klahr H. , Fendt C. , Dullemond C. P. 
Published: November 2019

Context. Photoevaporation and magnetically driven winds are two independent mechanisms that remove mass from protoplanetary disks. In addition to accretion, the effect of these two principles acting concurrently could be significant, and the transition between them has not yet been extensively studied and quantified.
Aims. In order to contribute to the understanding of disk winds, we present the phenomena emerging in the framework of two-dimensional axisymmetric, nonideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations including extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray driven photoevaporation. Of particular interest are the examination of the transition region between photoevaporation and magnetically driven wind, the possibility of emerging magnetocentrifugal wind effects, and the morphology of the wind itself, which depends on the strength of the magnetic field.
Methods. We used the PLUTO code in a two-dimensional axisymmetric configuration with additional treatment of EUV and X-ray heating and dynamic ohmic diffusion based on a semi-analytical chemical model.
Results. We determine that the transition between the two outflow types occurs for values of the initial plasma beta β ≥ 107, while magnetically driven winds generally outperform photoevaporation for stronger fields. In our simulations we observe irregular and asymmetric outflows for stronger magnetic fields. In the weak-field regime, the photoevaporation rates are slightly lowered by perturbations of the gas density in the inner regions of the disk. Overall, our results predict a wind with a lever arm smaller than 1.5, consistent with a hot magnetothermal wind. Stronger accretion flows are present for values of β < 107.
Robustness to bad frames in angular differential imaging: a local weighting approach
Authors: Flasseur Olivier , Denis Loïc , Thiébaut Éric , Langlois Maud 
Published: November 2019

Context. The detection of exoplanets by direct imaging is very challenging. It requires an extreme adaptive-optics (AO) system and a coronagraph as well as suitable observing strategies. In angular differential imaging, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by combining several observations.
Aims. Due to the evolution of the observation conditions and of the AO correction, the quality of the observations may vary significantly during the observing sequence. It is common practice to reject images of comparatively poor quality. We aim to decipher when this selection should be performed and what its impact on detection performance is.
Methods. Rather than discarding a full image, we study the local fluctuations of the signal at each frame and derive weighting maps for each frame. These fluctuations are modeled locally directly from the data through the spatio-temporal covariance of small image patches. The weights derived from the temporal variances can be used to improve the robustness of the detection step and reduce estimation errors of both the astrometry and photometry. The impact of bad frames can be analyzed by statistically characterizing the detection and estimation performance.
Results. When used together with a modeling of the spatial covariances (PACO algorithm), these weights improve the robustness of the detection method.
Conclusions. The spatio-temporal modeling of the background fluctuations provides a way to exploit all acquired frames. In the case of bad frames, areas with larger fluctuations are discarded by a weighting strategy and do not corrupt the detection map or the astrometric and photometric estimations. Other areas of better quality are preserved and are included to detect and characterize sources.
Thin-film materials based on phthalocyanine derivatives: structure and physico-chemical properties
Authors: Kazak Alexandr , Marchenkova Margarita , Smirnova Antonina , Dubinina Tatiana , Seregin Alexey , Rogachev Alexandr , Usol'tseva Nadezhda 
Published: November 2019

In order to establish the effect of the molecular structure of mix-substituted phthalocyanine derivatives on its supramolecular organization in thin-films, the floating layers of three A3B-type phthalocyanine derivatives were obtained. Their supramolecular organization was determined and it was found that the studied compounds form homogeneous stable floating layers on the water surface. Structure parameters of floating layers depend both on the length of aliphatic substituents (R = CnH2n+1) and the metal complexing agent. LigandsIandIIform stable monolayer structures, which the layer packing periods increase with the elongation of aliphatic substituents: the lattice parameter (d) is 1.93 and 2.3 nm for ligandsI(n= 6) andII(n= 8), correspondingly.During further compression of the formed monolayers, ligandsIandIIform stable bilayers, in which the arrangement of molecules remains similar to the structure of the previous monolayers. These bilayers contain minor inclusions of 3D aggregates. Metal complexIIIforms only stable monolayer (d = 2.06 nm), upon further compression of which 3D- aggregates included in the monolayer are formed.