bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive behavior therapy for dizziness
Authors: Li Lin , Gao Xiaoping , Liu Jianguo , Qi Xiaokun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives:
To investigate the association between cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and dizziness.

Methods:
The databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of science will be searched for randomized controlled trials. Weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval will be utilized to calculate the effect of CBT on dizziness between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis will provide a high-quality synthesis from existing evidence for the relationship between CBT and dizziness.

OSF registration number:
10.17605/OSF.IO/YNH5W
Massage treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands
Authors: Ma Dehui , Liu Guochao , Zhang Xiaolin , Zhang Qi , Gao Tianjiao , Liu Mingjun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
With the accelerated pace of life, the problems of residence, diet, and environment have occurred frequently in recent years. External factors are easily to cause endocrine disorders and hormone sensitivity of breast tissue, which can lead to mammary hyperplasia. The incidence rate of hyperplasia of mammary glands is increasing year by year, and the age of onset is also getting lower and lower. If not treated in time, there is a crisis of breast cancer.
Clinical studies have found that massage is widely used in clinical treatment of mammary hyperplasia recently, but the efficacy of massage in the treatment of mammary hyperplasia has not been systematically reviewed. The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy, safety and effectiveness of massage in the treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands.

Methods:
We will search PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials (central), ScienceNet, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang databases. The retrieval date was October 20, 2020. RevMan 5.3 software was used to evaluate the quality and risk of included studies. The efficacy, recurrence rate, and symptom score of breast hyperplasia were analyzed, and the results were observed and measured.

Results:
This study will be from the clinical efficiency, improvement rate, pain symptoms disappear rate, tumor size improvement rate and other aspects of the existing evidence for a high quality synthesis, as well as massage adverse events.

Conclusion:
the conclusion of this review will provide the basis for judging whether massage is safe and effective in the treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands.

Ethics and dissemination:
This systematic will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage in the treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands. As all data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis have been published, ethical approval is not required for this review.

Protocol registration number:
INPLASY2020100066
Association of toll-like receptor polymorphisms with acquisition of HIV infection and clinical findings
Authors: Shi Han , He Hongyan , Sun Changfeng , Fu Juan , Ghosh Dipritu , Deng Cunliang , Sheng Yunjian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground:To find the relationship between toll-like receptor (TLR) gene variants and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and clinical findings, which could inform clinical decisions and vaccination strategies.Method:Four databases were searched for articles that were published on or before Jul.1, 2020. Review Manager 5.3 software was applied to perform meta-analysis to explore.Results:A total of 10 studies involving 20 genes, 3697 cases, and 6498 controls were included in this systematic review. TLR2 –196 to –174 Ins/Del (odds ratio [OR] = 1.562;P = .002), TLR4 rs4986790 (OR = 2.05;P = .002), TLR3 rs3775291 (OR = 0.25;P = .03), TLR7 rs179008 (P = .002), TLR7 rs2074109 (OR = 0.27,P = .019) were found associated with HIV infection. TLR2 –196 to –174, TLR4 rs4986790, TLR7 rs179008, TLR8 rs3764880, TLR9 rs352140 were found associated with clinical findings of HIV infection. We identified 5 case-control studies in meta-analysis, involving 695 cases and 729 controls on TLR7 rs179008 polymorphism, totaling 652 cases and 614 controls on TLR9 rs352140 polymorphism. In meta-analysis, we employed various genetic models. The T allele of TLR7 rs179008 was conferred the risk of HIV infection (T vs A: OR = 1.25,PA = .02). An increased risk of HIV infection was found for individuals with the TLR9 rs352140 GG genotype (GG vs AA: OR = 1.50,PA = .04).Conclusions:The systematic review indicated that TLR7 rs179008 T allele provides risk effects for HIV infection. TLR9 rs352140 GG genotype may associate with HIV infection.
Chinese herbal medicine for small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Mi Xue , Zhang Xiwen , He Shulin , Zhang Zhenhua , Qi Runzhi , Jiang Juling , Chen Shuntai , Zheng Honggang , Hua Baojin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease. Chemotherapy is the standard treatment for SCLC, but the resistance and the adverse effects of Chemotherapy still remains a major problem. Although Chinese herbal medicine (traditional Chinese medicine) is wildly applied for patients with SCLC in China, the evidence of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment for SCLC is limited.

Method:
We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the VIP Information Database, and the Wanfang Database for relevant studies. Only randomized controlled trials were included. Two investigators independently reviewed the included studies and extracted relevant data. The effect estimate of interest was the relative risk or mean difference with 95% confidence intervals.

Ethics and dissemination:
Ethical approval is not required, as this study is based on the review of published research. This review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated both electronically and in print.

INPLASY registration number:
INPLASY2020110055
Relationship of the lunar cycle with Down's syndrome screening and its effects
Authors: Yan Kun , Men Juan , Wang Yang , Zhong Lanjun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the positive rate of Down syndrome in second-trimester pregnant women in 1 lunar cycle and calculate variation coefficients of daily person numbers and daily positive rates in this population so as to explore the relationship of the lunar cycle with Down syndrome screening and its effects.
Data and laboratory results of 51,450 second-trimester pregnant women who underwent Down syndrome screening between May 2013 and June 2017 of the Chinese lunar calendar were collected. The patients were allocated into groups according to the time period of the lunar cycle based on the start date of their last menstruation. In the Chinese lunar calendar, 1 lunar cycle is divided into eight time periods. The positive rate of Down syndrome in pregnant women with the same start date of last menstruation and changes in their variation coefficients of daily person numbers and daily positive rates were analyzed.
The findings displayed the lowest positive rate of Down syndrome in the group of pregnant women who had the start date of last menstruation within the full-moon time period. The greatest variation coefficients of daily person numbers and daily positive rates were also found in the same group.
The study showed that the moon indeed affected pregnant women, and the effect reached the peak by the full moon. The effect interfered with the body homeostasis of pregnant women to a certain degree. Therefore, the relationship of the lunar cycle with Down syndrome screening reflected the interaction of the moon with the homeostasis of pregnant women.
Efficacy and safety of Shenkang injection as adjuvant therapy in patients with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Wang Yanping , Li Mingzhu , Li Chenyun , Xu Sheng , Wu Jiangfeng , Zhang Gaochuan , Cai Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
Diabetic nephropathy is a frequent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus that causes end-stage renal disease most of the time. In China, Shenkang injection is one of widely used traditional Chinese medicine for treating chronic kidney disease, but its efficacy and safety have not yet been clarified. We will systematically review the current randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence to summarize the efficacy and safety of Shenkang injection in treating diabetic nephropathy.

Methods:
We will search 7 literature databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Sinomed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP. Two trial registry platforms will also be searched. The time frame of the search will be from the inceptions of the databases to December 31, 2020. RCTs assessing Shenkang injection combined with basic treatments versus basic treatments alone for treating diabetic nephropathy will be included. The risk of bias within the individual RCTs will be evaluated using criteria proposed by the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0. The primary outcomes to be investigated are glomerular filtration rate and serum creatinine; the secondary outcome will include 24-hour urine albumin excretion rate, blood urea nitrogen, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, response to treatment, and incidence of adverse events. The effect data of individual RCTs by performing random-effects model meta-analysis. Statistical heterogeneity will be measured by the Cochran Q test and I-squared statistics. Three subgroup analyses, set based on clinical experience, will be performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses excluding RCTs with high risk of bias and using fixed effect model will be done to test the robustness of the meta-analytic results. Publication bias across included RCTs will be evaluated by funnel plots and Egger test.

Results:
This study will provide systematic review on the efficacy and safety of Shenkang Injection as adjuvant therapy in patients with diabetic nephropathy by rigorous quality assessment and reasonable data synthesis. The results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

Conclusion:
This systematic review will provide the best evidence currently on Shenkang Injection as adjuvant therapy in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

INPLASY registration number:
INPLASY2020110014.
Altered serum levels of IL-36 cytokines (IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-36Ra) and their potential roles in Guillain-Barré syndrome
Authors: Zhao Zhikang , Zhang Rui , Gao Xinxin , Li Hui , Liu Hongbo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune neurological disorder mainly involving the peripheral nerves. Currently, various cytokines have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of GBS. Because of their similar biological structures, interleukin (IL)-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-36 receptor antagonist (Ra) were all renamed and collectively called IL-36 cytokines. The roles of IL-36 cytokines in GBS currently remain unclear.
Forty-two patients with GBS and 32 healthy volunteers were included in our study. Serum IL-36α, β, γ, and interleukin-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) levels of patients with GBS in the acute and remission phases and healthy volunteers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, we examined the serum levels of other inflammatory factors that have been shown to be involved in GBS pathogenesis, represented by IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, the correlations between the serum levels of IL-36 cytokines and different clinical data or the serum levels of other inflammatory factors in GBS patients were analyzed.
Significantly higher serum IL-36α and IL-36γ levels were measured in the acute phase than in the remission phase and in healthy control (HC) subjects (P < .05), while lower serum IL-36Ra levels were measured in the acute phase than in the remission phase and in HC subjects (P < .05). Serum IL-36α and IL-36γ levels were positively correlated with GBS disability scale scores (GDSs), while serum IL-36Ra levels were negatively correlated with GDSs. Correlation analyses among inflammatory factors showed that serum IL-36α and IL-36γ levels in GBS patients were positively correlated with serum IL-17 and TNF-α levels, while serum IL-36Ra levels were negatively correlated with the levels of these 2 inflammatory factors. Similar results were observed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), IL-36α and IL-36γ levels in CSF were positively correlated with GDSs, while IL-36Ra levels in CSF were negatively correlated with GDSs. Additionally, the serum and CSF levels of IL-36α and IL-36γ in the axonal subtype of GBS patients were higher than those in the demyelination subtype.
Based on our findings, IL-36 cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of GBS and some of these cytokines may help predict the disease severity and other clinical characteristics of GBS.
Comorbidities associated with different levels of total cholesterol in male and female acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Brechtel Leanne , Poupore Nicolas , Stoikov Teodora , Roley Laurie Theriot , Emerson John F. , Nathaniel Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMen and women differ in their clinical risk factors with respect to various predictors of severity in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). High cholesterol is a risk factor for AIS and the mechanism by which high cholesterol levels lead to an AIS is well established. However, the specific relationship between demographic, clinical risk factors, total cholesterol, and the resulting gender difference in AIS patients is yet to be investigated. This study recruited AIS patients between January 2000 and June 2016 classified into normal, borderline or high total cholesterol (TC). Normal was defined as ≤200 mg/dl, borderline 200 to 239 mg/dl and high ≥240 mg/dl based on Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) Guidelines for the classification of TC levels. The logistic regression model was used to predict clinical risk factors associated within men and women AIS patients with different levels of TC. A total of 3532 AIS patients presented with normal TC, 760 patients with borderline TC and 427 patients with high TC. The high total cholesterol group was more likely to be women with increasing age (OR = 1.028, 95% CI, 1.006–1.052,P = .014), body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.052, 95% CI, 1.004–1.102,P = .033), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR = 1.039, 95% CI, 1.019–1.060,P < .001), while those with coronary artery disease (OR = 0.435, 95% CI, 0.234–0.809,P = .003), history of drug or alcohol abuse (OR = 0.261, 95% CI, 0.079–0.867,P = .028), increasing INR (OR = 0.187, 95% CI, 0.047–0.748,P = .018), and elevated diastolic blood pressure (OR = 0.982, 95% CI, 0.970–0.995,P = .006) were associated with being a male AIS patient. There were disparities in demographic and clinical risk factors associated with high TC levels in men when compared to women and more clinical risk factors were associated with high TC levels in men when compared to women with AIS. It is important to take into account specific clinical risk factors associated with gender-related differences in total cholesterol in AIS population to facilitate personalizing their therapeutic actions.
Intravenous vs intraosseous adrenaline administration in cardiac arrest
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Yi , Yu Jing , Li Dongze , Jia Yu , Zhang Qin , Gao Yongli , Liao Xiaoyang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Cardiac arrest refers to the sudden termination of cardiac ejection function due to various causes. Adrenaline is an important component of resuscitation among individuals experiencing cardiac arrest. The adrenaline delivery method chiefly involved intraosseous infusion and intravenous access. However, the impact of different adrenaline delivery methods on cardiac arrest has been unclear in previous research. Thus, the present study aimed to synthesize the available evidence regarding intravenous vs intraosseous adrenaline administration in cardiac arrest.

Methods and analysis:
We will search PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. As per the inclusion criteria, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on adrenaline administration in cardiac arrest were selected. The primary outcome was prehospital restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC); the secondary endpoints were survival, favorable neurological outcome at discharge, and poor neurological outcome at ≥3 mon.
We plan to use the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the bias risk for RCTs. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach will grade the certainty of the evidence for all the outcome measures across studies. RevMan 5.3.5 will be used for meta-analysis. If the heterogeneity tests show slight or no statistical heterogeneity, the fixed effects model will be used, in other cases, the random effect model will be used for data synthesis.

Results and conclusion:
This protocol will determine which epinephrine delivery method is the optimal in the management of cardiac arrest. Our findings will help clinicians and health professionals in making accurate clinical decisions about adrenaline administrations in cardiac arrest.

Ethics and dissemination:
Ethical approval was not required because this study was planned as a secondary analysis. The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications, journals, and academic.

INPLASY registration number:
INPLASY202090100 (DOI:10.37766/inplasy2020.9.0100).
Clinical evaluation of arthrodesis with Ilizarov external fixator for the treatment of end-stage ankle osteoarthritis
Authors: Ma Nan , Li Zhi , Li Delei , Hu Yehua , Sun Ning 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To analyze the efficacy of arthrodesis with Ilizarov external fixator for the treatment of end-stage ankle osteoarthritis.
This retrospective study included 88 patients with end-stage (stage-3) ankle osteoarthritis according to Morrey–Wiedeman classification who underwent arthrodesis with Ilizarov external fixator from January 2016 to January 2019. There were 47 males and 41 females with a mean age of (57.21 ± 7.12) years old (range 49–76). Outcomes were measured by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle society (AOFAS) Ankle Hindfoot Scale, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores, complications, subjective satisfaction, ankle function, correction of deformity, and complications.
With an average follow-up of (13.50 ± 5.41) months (range 10–21), all 88 patients returned for final follow-up. All patients achieved bony healing with a success rate of 100%. Mean postoperative healing time (3.56 ± 1.04) months (range 3–6). Two patients developed sinus tract infection, delayed healing in 1 patient, and 2 patients had pain and swelling again in the ankle joint. No serious complications occurred in other patients. All the patients evaluated with the VAS scores and AOFAS scores at final follow-up showed significant improvement (P < .05). Through imaging analysis, medical tibial talar angle (MTTA) improved from (85.76 ± 6.01) degrees to (88.98 ± 1.35) degrees postoperative. Lateral talar station (LTS) decreased from (5.32 ± 3.81) mm to (2.71 ± 2.62) mm after operation (P < .05). The overall satisfaction of patients is 88.64%.
In the treatment of end-stage ankle osteoarthritis, arthrodesis with Ilizarov external fixator can achieve good radiological and clinical outcomes with low prevalence of ankle joint malalignment and high fusion rates and satisfaction.
Evidence of Widespread Mechanical Hyperalgesia but Not Exercise-Induced Analgesia in Athletes With Mild Patellar Tendinopathy Compared With Pain-Free Matched Controls
Authors: Plinsinga Melanie Louise , Meeus Mira , Brink Michel , Heugen Nienke , van Wilgen Paul 
Published: December 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to assess centrally induced pain processing with pressure pain thresholds bilaterally and remotely in active volleyball and basketball athletes with mild patellar tendinopathy compared with asymptomatic control athletes. Secondary objective was to explore the role of exercise-induced analgesia during a training session in athletes with patellar tendinopathy.

Design
In this exploratory study, pressure pain thresholds of 21 patellar tendinopathy athletes and 16 age- and sex-matched asymptomatic team members were measured by a blinded assessor bilaterally on the patellar tendon and unilaterally on the elbow extensor tendon with a pressure algometer before, during, and after a regular training session.

Results
Patellar tendinopathy athletes had a significantly higher average body mass index compared with asymptomatic athletes (mean difference 1.75 kg/m2; 95% confidence interval = 0.35–3.15, P = 0.02). At baseline, athletes with patellar tendinopathy showed lowered pressure pain thresholds in the affected knee (P = 0.001), unaffected knee (P < 0.001), and elbow (P = 0.01) compared with controls. No clear patterns were identified to explain between-group differences in pressure pain thresholds before, during, and after exercise.

Conclusions
This exploratory study found primary and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia in athletes with patellar tendinopathy compared with asymptomatic athletes. Further research is required on the effects of an acute exercise bout on pain thresholds in this population.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Impact of an Anorectal Surgery Multimodal Enhanced Recovery Program on Opioid Use
Authors: Reif de Paula Thais , Nemeth Samantha K. , Kurlansky Paul A. , Simon Hillary L. , Miller Lydia K. , Keller Deborah S. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Anorectal cases may be a common gateway to the opioid epidemic. Opioid reduction is inherent in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols, but little work has evaluated ERAS in these cases.

Objective:
To determine if ERAS could reduce postoperative opioid utilization in ambulatory anorectal surgery without sacrificing patient pain or satisfaction.

Methods:
A randomized controlled trial assigned ambulatory anorectal patients to ERAS (experimental) or routine care (surgeon's choice) for pain management (control) over 30-days postoperatively. Primary outcome was overall days of opioid use. Secondary outcomes included pain and satisfaction scores over multiple time points and new persistent opioid use. The Visual Analog Scale, Functional Pain Scale, and EQ-5D-3L measured patient-reported pain and satisfaction. Univariate analysis compared outcomes overall and at individual time points. Two-way mixed ANOVA evaluated pain and satisfaction measures between groups and over time.

Results:
Thirty-two patients were randomized into each arm (64 total). The control group consumed significantly more opioids after discharge (median 121.3MME vs 23.5MME, P < 0.001). Significantly more control patients requested additional narcotics (P  =  0.004), made unplanned calls (P = 0.009), and had unplanned clinic visits (P = 0.003). The control group had significantly more days on opioids (mean 14.4 vs 2.2, P < 0.001). Three control patients (9.4%) versus no experimental patients had new persistent opioid use. The mean global health, EQ5D-3L, Visual Analog Scale, and Functional Pain scores were comparable between groups over time.

Conclusions:
An ERAS protocol in ambulatory anorectal surgery is feasible, and resulted in reduced opioid use, and healthcare utilization, with no difference in pain or patient satisfaction. This challenges the paradigm that extended opioids are needed for effective postoperative pain management.