bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased proliferation of hepatic periportal ductal progenitor cells contributes to persistent hypermetabolism after trauma
Authors: Diao Li , Yousuf Yusef , Amini‐Nik Saeid , Jeschke Marc G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProlonged and persistent hypermetabolism and excessive inflammatory response after severe trauma is detrimental and associated with poor outcome. The predisposing pathology or signals mediating this complex response are essentially unknown. As the liver is the central organ mediating the systemic metabolic responses and considering that adult hepatic stem cells are on top of the hierarchy of cell differentiation and may pass epigenetic information to their progeny, we asked whether liver progenitor cells are activated, signal hypermetabolism upon post‐traumatic cellular stress responses, and pass this to differentiated progeny. We generated Sox9CreERT2: ROSA26 EYFP mice to lineage‐trace the periportal ductal progenitor cells (PDPCs) and verify the fate of these cells post‐burn. We observed increased proliferation of PDPCs and their progeny peaking around two weeks post‐burn, concomitant with the hepatomegaly and the cellular stress responses. We then sorted out PDPCs, PDPC‐derived hepatocytes and mature hepatocytes, compared their transcriptome and showed that PDPCs and their progeny present a significant up‐regulation in signalling pathways associated with inflammation and metabolic activation, contributing to persistent hypermetabolic and hyper‐inflammatory state. Furthermore, concomitant down‐regulation of LXR signalling in PDPCs and their progeny implicates the therapeutic potential of early and short‐term administration of LXR agonists in ameliorating such persistent hypermetabolism.
Repairing the effects of childhood trauma: The long and winding road
Authors: Palmer Christine J. , Williams Yorker , Harrington Ann 
Published: December 2019

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on this subject?

Domestic and family violence contributes to mental distress and the development of mental illness and can reverberate throughout a person's life.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

Therapeutic work with people who experience domestic and family violence needs to take considerable time to allow the process to unfold.

Understanding the triggers that cause past traumas to be re‐experienced helps people to recognize and change their conditioned emotional responses.

What are the implications for practice?

Time needs to be invested to develop a secure and trusting relationship to enable a person to work through childhood experiences that have the potential to overwhelm.

It is important for adults who have experienced childhood trauma to have an opportunity to process the abuse to help minimize its intrusion in their lives.
Reciprocal relations between work stress and insomnia symptoms: A prospective study
Authors: Garefelt Johanna , Platts Loretta G. , Hyde Martin , Magnusson Hanson Linda L. , Westerlund Hugo , Åkerstedt Torbjörn 
Published: December 2019

SummaryWork stress and poor sleep are closely related in cross‐sectional data, but evidence from prospective data is limited. We analysed how perceived stress and work stressors (work demands, decision authority and workplace social support) are related to key dimensions of insomnia over time, using structural equation modelling. Biennial measurements from a large sample of the working population in Sweden enabled us to analyse both the relationship from stress to sleep as well as that from sleep to stress. Overall, we found reciprocal relations between insomnia and all four stress measures. However, looking at the relation between each dimension of insomnia and each stress measure, there were some differences in direction of effects. In the direction from stress to sleep, all work stressors as well as perceived stress predicted both difficulties initiating sleep and difficulties maintaining sleep. The same was found for non‐restorative sleep, with the exception for decision authority. In the opposite direction, difficulties maintaining sleep predicted increased levels of work demands and perceived stress. Difficulties initiating sleep stood out among the insomnia symptoms as not predicting any of the stress measures, while non‐restorative sleep was the only symptom predicting all stress measures. The results advance the understanding of the stress−sleep relationship and indicate a potential vicious circle between insomnia and perceived stress as well as work stressors, suggesting that the workplace could be an arena for interventions to alleviate insomnia.
Social dynamics and sexual segregation of Australian humpback dolphins (Sousa sahulensis) in Moreton Bay, Queensland
Authors: Hawkins Elizabeth R. , Pogson‐Manning Lara , Jaehnichen Christian , Meager Justin J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the social organization of coastal dolphins, particularly those that reside adjacent to major cities and urbanized regions, is important for understanding the vulnerability of populations to human impacts. We investigated the sexual segregation and social dynamics in a population of Australian humpback dolphins (Sousa sahulensis) inhabiting the near‐urban embayment of Moreton Bay, Queensland. Over 160 vessel‐based surveys, 148 adults were photographically identified. This included 116 assumed females and 32 assumed males. The population was sexually segregated (SSAS = 0.52, p < .001) and individuals preferred to associate with others of the same sex occupying the same spatial area (p < .025). Association indices between paired males were almost double those of females (, SD = 0.04 and , SD = 0.02, respectively). However, females were more gregarious than males and maintained a larger network of associates based on preferred companionships. The social network was also modular with five clusters identified, and a limited number of individuals had a disproportionate influence on connectivity between clusters. This highly fragmented social network implies that the population may be vulnerable to social disruptions from human impacts.
Perspectivism
Authors: Goodman Jeremy , Lederman Harvey 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConsider the sentence “Lois knows that Superman flies, but she doesn't know that Clark flies”. In this paper we defend a Millian contextualist semantics for propositional attitude ascriptions, according to which ordinary uses of this sentence are true but involve a mid‐sentence shift in context. Absent any constraints on the relevant parameters of context sensitivity, such a semantics would be untenable: it would undermine the good standing of systematic theorizing about the propositional attitudes, trivializing many of the central questions of epistemology, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of action. In response to this problem, we prove a series of tenability results. We show that, given certain constraints on the parameters of context sensitivity, there is a broad class of principles of propositional attitude psychology whose good standing follows from corresponding claims about people's mental representations. But these constraints also have some surprising consequences: they are jointly incompatible with coarse‐grained theories of propositions, and they are in tension with a natural picture of how speakers and hearers coordinate on the interpretation of attitude ascriptions. In light of these consequences we explore different ways in which the contextualist picture might be developed, and argue that our preferred way compares favorably with Fregeanism and neo‐Russellianism.
Brood‐stock management and early hatchery rearing of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus))
Authors: Olk Tom Robin , Jeuthe Henrik , Thorarensen Helgi , Wollebæk Jens , Lydersen Espen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractArctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus)) is a stenothermic cold‐water fish, which has been cultured in Northern Europe and North America since the 1980s. The industry has remained relatively small with an annual production between 6000 and 10 000 tonnes, and is still challenged by an unreliable offspring production. This review focuses on offspring production in Arctic charr aquaculture including holding conditions for brood‐stock, fertilisation and egg rearing until hatch. Brood‐stock requires low temperatures during summer (<12°C) with the optimum still unknown. The temperature maximum for egg incubation lies between 6 and 8°C. The composition of an optimal brood‐stock diet is debated regarding fatty acids. A demand for a freshwater‐based diet rich in omega‐6 fatty acids is indicated, but results remain inconclusive. Extensive knowledge has been gained on the timing of spawning and its manipulation through photoperiod, temperature and hormone treatments; spawning can be induced by short‐day photoperiod; and temperature drops to 5°C. Eggs are fertilised dry in ovarian fluid. Egg quality is highly variable and positively related to egg size and energy density. Contrary, little information is available on sperm quality and its impact on egg survival. There may also be profound differences between Arctic charr of stationary or anadromous origin regarding requirements for holding conditions of brood‐stock and their diet. However, these differences have received little attention, and direct comparative studies are in demand.
Authigenic carbonate burial in the Late Devonian–Early Mississippian Bakken Formation (Williston Basin, USA)
Authors: Davis Barnes Ben , Husson Jon M. , Peters Shanan E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLate Devonian (Famennian) marine successions globally are typified by organic‐rich black shales deposited in anoxic and euxinic waters and the cessation of shelf carbonate sedimentation. This global ‘carbonate crisis’, known as the Hangenberg Event, coincides with a major extinction of reef‐building metazoans and perturbations to the global carbon cycle, evidenced by positive carbon‐isotope excursions of up to 4‰. It has been suggested that authigenic carbonate, formed as cements in sedimentary pore spaces during early burial diagenesis, is a significant mass fraction of the total global carbon burial flux, particularly during periods of low oxygen concentration. Because some authigenic carbonate could have originated from remineralization of organic carbon in sediments, it is possible for this reservoir to be isotopically depleted and thereby drive changes in the carbon isotopic composition of seawater. This study presents bulk isotopic and elemental analyses from fine‐grained siliciclastics of the Late Devonian–Early Mississippian Bakken Formation (Williston Basin, USA) to assess the volume and isotopic composition of carbonates in these sediments. Carbonate in the Bakken black shales occurs primarily as microscopic disseminated dolomite rhombs and calcite cements that, together, comprise a significant mass‐fraction (ca 9%). The elemental composition of the shales is indicative of a dynamic anoxic to sulphidic palaeoenvironment, likely supported by a fluctuating chemocline. Despite forming in an environment favourable to remineralization of organic matter and the precipitation of isotopically depleted authigenic carbonates, the majority of carbon isotope measurements of disseminated carbonate fall between −3‰ and +3‰, with systematically more depleted carbonates in the deeper‐water portions of the basin. Thus, although there is evidence for a significant total mass‐fraction of carbonate with contribution from remineralized organic matter, Bakken authigenic carbonates suggest that Famennian black shales are unlikely to be sufficiently 13C‐depleted relative to water column dissolved inorganic carbon to serve as a major lever on seawater isotopic composition.
Cutaneous vessel features of sensitive skin and its underlying functions
Authors: Jiang Wen‐cai , Zhang Hui , Xu Yafei , Jiang Changqing , Xu Yingying , Liu Wei , Tan Yimei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundFollowing the sufficient studies of the effects of skin barrier impairment and heightened neural reaction on sensitive skin (SS), many scholars have paid great attention to the roles of superficial microvasculature in SS.MethodsBy questionnaire survey, lactic acid sting test, and capsaicin test, eligible subjects were classified as normal skin, only lactic acid sting test positive (LASTP), only capsaicin test positive (CATP), and both positive (both LASTP and CATP). D‐OCT was used to photograph images for evaluating the cutaneous vessels features each group.ResultsTotally 137 subjects completed the study. Compared with LASTN group, the vascular vessels were closer to epidermis in LASTP group. Mesh and branching vessels were more popular in SS than normal skin. High blood vessel density was more prevalent in SS, while low density frequently presented in normal skin. The vascular depth had a closely negative correlation with face flushing and SSS, and vascular shapes had a good positive correlation with face flushing and SSB.ConclusionsOur study indicates that there is a significant difference in vascular depth, shape, and density between SS and normal skin which is valuable to explore SS pathologic mechanism and to further investigate cutaneous microvasculature functions in SS.
Mid‐Miocene initiation of E‐W extension and recoupling of the Himalaya
Authors: Larson Kyle P. , Kellett Dawn A. , Cottle John M. , Camacho Alfredo , Brubacher Alex D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Tibetan plateau is host to numerous ~N‐S striking graben that have accommodated E‐W directed extension. The development of these structures has been interpreted to reflect a variety of different geological processes including plateau collapse, oroclinal bending or mid‐to‐lower crustal flow. New 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology and quartz c‐axis data from the Thakkhola graben of west‐central Nepal show that E‐W extension was ongoing at least locally by the early Miocene (ca. 17 Ma). Our new, and previously published chronologic information on the initiation of graben across the orogen shows that they typically developed immediately after cessation of the South Tibetan detachment system, a structural network that facilitated differential southward movement of the upper and middle crust. We interpret this fundamental switch in orogen kinematics to reflect recoupling of the middle and upper Himalayan crust such that the subsequent widespread flow of the mid‐to‐lower crust out of the system to the east forced brittle accommodation in the upper crust.
Phase-Lags' Radial Variations Between Velocity, Shear Stress, and Pressure Gradient in Ultrahigh Frequency Pulsating Turbulent Flows
Authors: Jalil S. M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Two-dimensional numerical simulations of wall-bounded turbulent pulsating flow driven by a sinusoidal velocity through a circular smooth tube are carried out. These computations for a Womersley number α ranged from 0.7 to 2069 and a dimensionless frequency ω+ ranged from 1.2×10−5 to 33.5. The aim of this study is to calculate the phase lag inside the unsteady turbulent boundary layer and across the tube. The phase lag of the velocity and shear stress with respect to the pressure gradient is deduced. Also, the instantaneous logarithmic layer and the turbulent parameters are analyzed. It is found that capturing the phase lag near the wall depends on resolving the Stokes layer thickness δst. At ultrahigh frequencies, the centerline velocity was delayed from the pressure gradient and wall shear stress by 45 deg and 90 deg, respectively. Consequently, the velocity and shear stress lagged behind the pressure gradient by 90 deg and 280 deg at the core of the tube, respectively, and by 45 deg at the wall. Thus, the trend of the radial phase lag increases toward the tubes center for ω+&gt;0.06, which contrasts with that at low frequencies. When a reversed flow is caused by increasing the amplitude of the imposed oscillations, the phase lag is not affected noticeably by this increment. The radial phase lag is kept constant outside the oscillatory boundary layer at high frequencies because the radial gradient of the axial velocity has vanished.
Aeroelastic Response of Variable-Speed Stall-Controlled Wind Turbine Rotors
Authors: Jalal Sarah , Ponta Fernando , Umrigar Apurva 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we focus on the Variable-Speed (VS) stall control method, a relatively new idea, which offers a promising perspective for future applications. As with the classical Fixed-Speed (FS) stall method, the elimination of the pitch mechanism, lowers the capital cost and reduces maintenance expenses, while at the same time, allows for a more efficient and precise control of power production. We present an analysis focused on the aeroe-lastic dynamic response of wind turbine rotors operating on the Variable-Speed stall control method. We conducted a wide range of experiments to assess the effects of rapid variations on the rotor’s operational conditions, like sudden gusts. Various gust conditions were tested for different wind speeds, represented by pulses of different intensity, occurring suddenly in an otherwise constant wind regime. Results for the aeroelastic dynamics of the rotor’s response, and the frequency content of its vibrations, are reported and analyzed.
Thermodynamic and Performance Study of Solar Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle System for Use in Residential Micro-Combined Heat and Power Generation
Authors: Yaïci Wahiba , Entchev Evgueniy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A continued increase in both energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) call for utilising energy sources effectively. In comparison with traditional energy set-ups, micro-combined heat and power (micro-CHP) generation is viewed as an effective alternative; the aforementioned system’s definite electrical and thermal generation may be attributed to an augmented energy efficiency, decreased capacity as well as GHGs percentage. In this regard, organic Rankine cycle (ORC) has gained increasing recognition as a system, which is capable for generating electrical power from solar-based, waste heat, or thermal energy sources of a lower quality, for instance, below 120 °C.
This study focuses on investigating a solar-based micro-CHP system’s performance for use in residential buildings through utilising a regenerative ORC. The analysis will focus on modelling and simulation as well as optimisation of operating condition of several working fluids (WFs) in ORC in order to use a heat source with low-temperature derived from solar thermal collectors for both heat and power generation.
A parametric study has been carried out in detail for analysing the effects of different WFs at varying temperatures and flowrates from hot and cold sources on system performance. Significant changes were revealed in the study’s outcomes regarding performance including efficiency as well as power obtained from the expander and generator, taking into account the different temperatures of hot and cold sources for each WF. Work extraction carried out by the expander and electrical power had a range suitable for residential building applications; this range was 0.5–5 kWe with up to 60% electrical isentropic efficiency and up to 8% cycle efficiency for 50–120 °C temperature from a hot source. The operation of WFs will occur in the hot source temperature range, allowing the usage of either solar flat plate or evacuated tube collectors.
Building Stock Inertia and Impacts on Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Qatar
Authors: Kamal Athar , Al-Ghamdi Sami G. , Koc Muammer 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Greenhouse gas emission reduction and the consequent decrease in the environmental impacts of fossil fuel can be achieved by cutting back on energy consumption in the building sector that consumes around 30% of total final energy around the globe. The building sector is a complex component of the modern economy and life and includes diverse types of structures, uses, and energy patterns. Such variability is a result of the way that buildings are designed, built, and used in addition to the variations of their materials, equipment, and users. From the start of the construction phase until their demolition, buildings involve energy consumption. A single building’s energy consumption pattern can be called its energy inertia, that is the way it consumes energy throughout its lifetime. Energy consumption also varies according to the age of the buildings. As a building gets older, its structure and equipment start losing their efficiency and often lead to increasing energy consumption over time. At any given time, the building sector is composed of structures of various ages. Some are under construction, others are recently built, some have lived to be mature and some quite old enough to be demolished. This complexity in the building sector creates a momentum against implementation of policies that reduce energy consumption. In this study, a system dynamic model is developed to perceive the temporal evolution of energy consumption and efficiency measures for the villa-type building stock in Qatar. This model tests energy efficiency policy measures such as renovation rates of 15 and 30 years, for buildings that are considered old, and also examines implementation of technology and building codes for new buildings. Results reveal savings of between 157 GWh and 1,275 GWh of electricity and reduction in CO2 emissions ranging from 77,000 tonnes to 602,000 tonnes.
A Non-Linear Auto-Regressive With Exogenous Inputs (NARX) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Model for Building Thermal Load Prediction
Authors: Yu Byeongho , Kim Dongsu , Cho Heejin , Mago Pedro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Thermal load prediction is a key part of energy system management and control in buildings, and its accuracy plays a critical role to improve and maintain building energy performance and efficiency. To address this issue, various types of prediction model have been considered and studied, such as physics-based, statistical, and machine learning models. Physical models can be accurate but require extended lead time for model development. Statistical models are relatively simple to develop and require less computation time than other models, but they may not provide accurate results for complex energy systems with an intricate nonlinear dynamic behavior. This study proposes an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, one of the prevalent machine learning methods to predict building thermal load, combining with the concept of Non-linear Auto-Regression with Exogenous inputs (NARX). NARX-ANN prediction model is distinguished from typical ANN models due to the fact that the NARX concept can address nonlinear system behaviors effectively based on recurrent architectures and time indexing features. To examine the suitability and validity of NARX-ANN model for building thermal load prediction, a case study is carried out using field data of an academic campus building at Mississippi State University. Results show that the proposed NARX-ANN model can provide an accurate prediction performance and effectively address nonlinear system behaviors in the prediction.