bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How telemedicine integrated into China’s anti-COVID-19 strategies: case from a National Referral Center
Authors: Li Peiyi , Liu Xiaoyu , Mason Elizabeth , Hu Guangyu , Zhou Yongzhao , Li Weimin , Jalali Mohammad S 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionWe present the integration of telemedicine into the healthcare system of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (WCH), one of the largest hospitals in the world with 4300 inpatient beds, as a means for maximising the efficiency of healthcare delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsImplemented on 22 January 2020, the telemedicine technology allowed WCH providers to conduct teleconsultations, telerounds, teleradiology and tele-intensive care unit, which in culmination provided screening, triage and treatment for COVID-19 and other illnesses. To encourage its adoption, the government and the hospital publicised the platform on social media and waived fees.DiscussionFrom 1 February to 1 April 2020, 10557 online COVID-19 consultations were conducted for 6662 individuals; meanwhile, 32676 patients without COVID completed virtual follow-ups. We discuss that high-quality, secure, affordable and user-friendly telemedical platforms should be integrated into global healthcare systems to help decrease the transmission of the virus and protect healthcare providers from infection.
Impact of smoking on the income level of Chinese urban residents: a two-wave follow-up of the China Family Panel Study
Authors: Wei Han , Zhong Zhigang , Yang Lian , Yao Tingting , Huang Shiyao , Mao Zhengzhong 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThis study attempts to analyse the impact of smoking on the income level of Chinese urban residents to provide a reference for creating informed regulations on cigarette smoking.DesignA population-based cohort study.MethodTwo waves of panel data in 2014 and 2016 from the China Family Panel Study were used. A total of 8025 urban adults were identified. The Hausman–Taylor model was used to analyse the theoretical relationship between smoking and income.ResultsThe percentage of current smokers decreased from 27.39% (2014) to 26.24% (2016), while the percentage of former smokers rose from 9.78% to 11.78%. The results from the Hausman–Taylor model showed that current smokers and former smokers are associated with statistically significant decrease in the income of urban residents of 37.70% and 44.00%, respectively, compared with that of non-smokers. After eliminating the impact of smoking on income, the poverty rate among urban residents decreased from 15.33% to 13.63%.ConclusionsSmoking can significantly reduce the income of Chinese urban residents, resulting in immense negative impacts on Chinese society. Therefore, the government should raise the tax rate on tobacco, include smoking cessation treatment in medical insurance coverage, promote publicity campaigns on the awareness of tobacco hazards and encourage smokers to quit smoking early.
Validation methods for global and local positioning-based athlete monitoring systems in team sports: a scoping review
Authors: Luteberget Live Steinnes , Gilgien Matthias 
Published: August 2020

Background/ObjectiveGlobal navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and local positioning systems (LPS) are to date common tools to measure external training load in athletes. The aim of this scoping review was to map out and critically appraise the methods used to validate different GNSS and LPS used in team sports.MethodA total of 48 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The reference systems applied in the validations, and the parameters investigated were extracted from the studies.ResultsThe results show a substantial range of reference systems used to validate GNSS and LPS and a substantial number of investigated parameters. The majority of the validation studies have employed relatively simple field-based research designs, with use of measure tape/known distance as reference measure for distance. Timing gates and radar guns were frequently used as reference system for average and peak speed. Fewer studies have used reference system that allow for validation of instantaneous dynamic position, such as infrared camera-based motion capture systems.ConclusionsBecause most validation studies use simple and cost-effective reference systems which do not allow to quantify the exact path athletes travel and hence misjudge the true path length and speed, caution should be taken when interpreting the results of validation studies, especially when comparing results between studies. Studies validating instantaneous dynamic position-based measures is warranted, since they may have a wider application and enable comparisons both between studies and over time.
Evaluation of indicators supporting reproducibility and transparency within cardiology literature
Authors: Anderson J Michael , Wright Bryan , Rauh Shelby , Tritz Daniel , Horn Jarryd , Parker Ian , Bergeron Daniel , Cook Sharolyn , Vassar Matt 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesIt has been suggested that biomedical research is facing a reproducibility issue, yet the extent of reproducible research within the cardiology literature remains unclear. Thus, our main objective was to assess the quality of research published in cardiology journals by assessing for the presence of eight indicators of reproducibility and transparency.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional study design, we conducted an advanced search of the National Library of Medicine catalogue for publications in cardiology journals. We included publications published between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2019. After the initial list of eligible cardiology publications was generated, we searched for full-text PDF versions using Open Access, Google Scholar and PubMed. Using a pilot-tested Google Form, a random sample of 532 publications were assessed for the presence of eight indicators of reproducibility and transparency.ResultsA total of 232 eligible publications were included in our final analysis. The majority of publications (224/232, 96.6%) did not provide access to complete and unmodified data sets, all 229/232 (98.7%) failed to provide step-by-step analysis scripts and 228/232 (98.3%) did not provide access to complete study protocols.ConclusionsThe presentation of studies published in cardiology journals would make reproducing study outcomes challenging, at best. Solutions to increase the reproducibility and transparency of publications in cardiology journals is needed. Moving forward, addressing inadequate sharing of materials, raw data and key methodological details might help to better the landscape of reproducible research within the field.
MM2-type sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: new diagnostic criteria for MM2-cortical type
Authors: Hamaguchi Tsuyoshi , Sanjo Nobuo , Ae Ryusuke , Nakamura Yosikazu , Sakai Kenji , Takao Masaki , Murayama Shigeo , Iwasaki Yasushi , Satoh Katsuya , Murai Hiroyuki , Harada Masafumi , Tsukamoto Tadashi , Mizusawa Hidehiro , Yamada Masahito 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo clinically diagnose MM2-cortical (MM2C) and MM2-thalamic (MM2T)-type sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) at early stage with high sensitivity and specificity.MethodsWe reviewed the results of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Surveillance Study in Japan between April 1999 and September 2019, which included 254 patients with pathologically confirmed prion diseases, including 9 with MM2C-type sCJD (MM2C-sCJD) and 10 with MM2T-type sCJD (MM2T-sCJD), and 607 with non-prion diseases.ResultsAccording to the conventional criteria of sCJD, 4 of 9 patients with MM2C- and 7 of 10 patients with MM2T-sCJD could not be diagnosed with probable sCJD until their death. Compared with other types of sCJD, patients with MM2C-sCJD showed slower progression of the disease and cortical distribution of hyperintensity lesions on diffusion-weighted images of brain MRI. Patients with MM2T-sCJD also showed relatively slow progression and negative results for most of currently established investigations for diagnosis of sCJD. To clinically diagnose MM2C-sCJD, we propose the new criteria; diagnostic sensitivity and specificity to distinguish ‘probable’ MM2C-sCJD from other subtypes of sCJD, genetic or acquired prion diseases and non-prion disease controls were 77.8% and 98.5%, respectively. As for MM2T-sCJD, clinical and laboratory features are not characterised enough to develop its diagnostic criteria.ConclusionsMM2C-sCJD can be diagnosed at earlier stage using the new criteria with high sensitivity and specificity, although it is still difficult to diagnose MM2T-sCJD clinically.
Evaluating how licensing-law strategies will impact disparities in tobacco retailer density: a simulation in Ohio
Authors: Craigmile Peter F , Onnen Nathaniel , Schwartz Elli , Glasser Allison , Roberts Megan E 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo assess tobacco licensing-law strategies (eg, restricting the sale of tobacco near schools, banning the sale of tobacco in pharmacies) in terms of the equity of their impact and ability to correct existing disparities in tobacco retailer density.MethodsWe geocoded all 11 392 tobacco retailers in Ohio, categorised neighbourhoods based on their demographic characteristics and calculated current disparities in tobacco retailer density. We next simulated the four main types of licensing-law strategies (capping-based, declustering-based, school-based and pharmacy-based), as well as strategy combinations. Finally, using statistical methods that account for residual spatial dependence, we evaluated how each strategy would impact density disparities.FindingsThe most impactful licensing-law strategy depended on the type of community. School-based reductions were equitable for low-income, African–American and urban neighbourhoods (eg, eliminating retailers from 1000 feet of all schools produced a 9.2% reduction in the log retailer rate for neighbourhoods with a low prevalence of African–Americans and a 17.7% reduction for neighbourhoods with a high prevalence of African–Americans). Conversely, capping-based reductions were equitable for rural neighbourhoods. Pharmacy-based reductions demonstrated inequitable impacts.ConclusionLicensing-law strategies could be a central tobacco control effort that benefits both the overall population and vulnerable communities. Policymakers will need to consider their community’s characteristics when selecting licensing-law strategies to correct (rather than inadvertently widen) density disparities. But when matched with the appropriate strategy, high-risk communities could remove over 20% of their tobacco retailers.
Investigation of pathological haemorrhage in Maine Coon cats
Authors: O'Halloran Conor , Cerna Petra , Breheny Craig , Reed Nicki , Rolph Kerry , Cade Sue , Jones Jaimie , Brown Richard Arthur Llewellyn , Slade Suzy , Papasouliotis Kostas , Gunn‐Moore Danielle 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveAfibrinogenaemic haemorrhage was previously reported in a Maine Coon cat. Two littermates subsequently died from surgical non‐haemostasis, suggesting a hereditable coagulopathy.MethodsWe prospectively recruited cats which were: a) Maine Coons with pathological haemorrhage (group 1, n=8), b) healthy familial relatives of group 1 (group 2, n=13) and c) healthy Maine Coons unrelated to groups 1 and 2 (group 3, n=12). Coagulation tests: prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin clotting time (TCT) were performed on citrated plasma along with quantification of fibrinogen. Routine haematological examination was performed on EDTA‐anticoagulated blood collected contemporaneously.ResultsThirty‐three blood samples were analysed. Fibrinogen concentrations were significantly reduced in groups 1 (P<0.01) and 2 (P<0.01) compared with group 3. Similarly, TCT was found to be significantly extended in group 1 (P<0.01) and group 2 (P=0.02) with respect to group 3.ConclusionsDysfibrinogenaemia was identified in clinical cases and their healthy relatives, suggesting that this may represent a hereditary condition of Maine Coon cats. Clinicians should be aware of the increased potential for non‐haemostasis in this cat breed and consider assessing clotting function before (elective) surgery.
Oral nitrate reduction is not impaired after training in chlorinated swimming pool water in elite swimmers
Authors: Rowland Samantha N. , Chessor Richard , French George , Robinson George P. , O’Donnell Emma , James Lewis J. , Bailey Stephen J. 
Published: August 2020

This study tested the hypothesis that exposure to chlorine-sterilised pool water would impair oral nitrate reduction (ONR). ONR was assessed in elite swimmers before and after morning and afternoon pool-based training. Nonswimmers were only assessed in the morning. ONR was similar in swimmers and nonswimmers (P = 1.000) and unchanged before and after morning and afternoon training (P ≥ 0.341). Therefore, exposure to chlorinated pool water does not interfere with ONR. Novelty Exposure to chlorine-sterilised pool water does not impair oral nitrate reduction in elite swimmers.
Barriers and facilitators of physical activity participation in adults living with type 1 diabetes: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Brennan Marian C. , Brown Janie A. , Ntoumanis Nikos , Leslie Gavin D. 
Published: August 2020

To identify and map barriers and facilitators of physical activity (PA) in adults living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in any care setting or environment. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines to address the aim of this review. Exclusion/inclusion criteria were determined a priori. Articles captured in the search were subject to title and abstract screening before full-text articles were assessed for eligibility against the exclusion/inclusion criteria. Included articles underwent critical appraisal before being charted, mapped, and discussed. Forty-six articles were included in the final synthesis. Most commonly, articles reported cross-sectional survey studies (46%), then qualitative designs (17%), and opinion or text (17%). Experimental studies accounted for 13% of included articles. Hypoglycaemia/fear of hypoglycaemia was the most commonly reported barrier and patient education the most commonly discussed facilitator. Quality appraisal revealed methodological issues among included articles. Higher quality research with theoretically sound behaviour-change interventions combined with targeted patient education is needed to address hypoglycaemia/fear of hypoglycaemia as a barrier to PA. Novelty: Hypoglycaemia and fear of hypoglycaemia were the most commonly reported barriers to PA in adults with T1D. Powered randomised controlled trials are required to establish efficacy of behaviour change interventions targeting these barriers to PA.
Measurement of deuteron carbon vector analyzing powers in the kinetic energy range 170–380 MeV
Authors: Müller F. , Żurek M. , Bagdasarian Z. , Barion L. , Berz M. , Ciepal I. , Ciullo G. , Dymov S. , Eversmann D. , Gaisser M. , Gebel R. , Grigoryev K. , Grzonka D. , Hejny V. , Hempelmann N. , Hetzel J. , Hinder F. , Kacharava A. , Kamerdzhiev V. , Keshelashvili I. , Koop I. , Kulikov A. , Lehrach A. , Lenisa P. , Lomidze N. , Lorentz B. , Maanen P. , Macharashvili G. , Magiera A. , Mchedlishvili D. , Nass A. , Nikolaev N. N. , Pesce A. , Prasuhn D. , Pretz J. , Rathmann F. , Rolando V. , Rosenthal M. , Saleev A. , Schmidt V. , Senichev Y. , Shergelashvili D. , Shmakova V. , Silenko A. , Slim J. , Soltner H. , Stahl A. , Stassen R. , Stephenson E. , Ströher H. , Tabidze M. , Tagliente G. , Talman R. , Trinkel F. , Uzikov Yu. , Valdau Yu. , Valetov E. , Weidemann C. , Wrońska A. , Wüstner P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA measurement of vector analyzing powers in elastic deuteron-carbon scattering has been performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY of Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany. Seven kinetic beam energies between 170 and 380 MeV have been used. A vector-polarized beam from a polarized deuteron source was injected, accelerated to the final desired energy and stored in COSY. A thin needle-shaped diamond strip was used as a carbon target, onto which the beam was slowly steered. Elastically scattered deuterons were identified in the forward direction using various layers of scintillators and straw tubes. Where data exist in the literature (at 200 and 270 MeV), excellent agreement of the angular shape was found. The beam polarization of the presented data was deduced by fitting the absolute scale of the analyzing power to these references. Our results extend the world data set and are necessary for polarimetry of future electric dipole moment searches at storage rings. They will as well serve as an input for theoretical description of polarized hadron-hadron scattering.
Ward identity determination of $$Z_{\mathrm {S}}/Z_{\mathrm {P}}$$ for $$N_{\mathrm {f}}=3$$ lattice QCD in a Schrödinger functional setup
Authors: Heitger Jochen , Joswig Fabian , Vladikas Anastassios 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe derive chiral Ward identities for lattice QCD with Wilson quarks and$$N_{\mathrm{f}}\ge 3$$Nf≥3flavours, on small lattices with Schrödinger functional boundary conditions and vanishingly small quark masses. These identities relate the axial variation of the non-singlet pseudoscalar density to the scalar one, thus enabling the non-perturbative determination of the scale-independent ratio$$Z_{\mathrm {S}}/Z_{\mathrm {P}}$$ZS/ZPof the renormalisation parameters of these operators. We obtain results for$$N_{\mathrm{f}}=3$$Nf=3QCD with tree-level Symanzik-improved gluons and Wilson-Clover quarks, for bare gauge couplings which cover the typical range of large-volume$$N_{\mathrm{f}}= 2+1$$Nf=2+1simulations with Wilson fermions at lattice spacings below$$0.1\,$$0.1fm. The precision of our results varies from 0.3 to 1%, except for the coarsest lattice, where it is 2%. We discuss how the$$Z_{\mathrm {S}}/Z_{\mathrm {P}}$$ZS/ZPratio can be used in the non-perturbative calculations of$${\mathrm {O}}(a)$$O(a)improved renormalised quark masses.
Structural Optimization and Enhanced Prodrug-Mediated Delivery Overcomes Camptothecin Resistance in High-Risk Solid Tumors
Authors: Nguyen Ferro , Guan Peng , Guerrero David T. , Kolla Venkatadri , Naraparaju Koumudi , Perry Lauren M. , Soberman Danielle , Pressly Benjamin B. , Alferiev Ivan S. , Chorny Michael , Brodeur Garrett M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Camptothecins are potent topoisomerase I inhibitors used to treat high-risk pediatric solid tumors, but they often show poor efficacy due to intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance. Here, we developed a multivalent, polymer-based prodrug of a structurally optimized camptothecin (SN22) designed to overcome key chemoresistance mechanisms. The ability of SN22 vs. SN38 (the active form of irinotecan/CPT-11) to overcome efflux pump-driven drug resistance was tested. Tumor uptake and biodistribution of SN22 as a polymer-based prodrug (PEG-[SN22]4) compared with SN38 was determined. The therapeutic efficacy of PEG-[SN22]4 to CPT-11 was compared in: (i) spontaneous neuroblastomas (NB) in transgenic TH-MYCN mice; (ii) orthotopic xenografts of a drug-resistant NB line SK-N-BE(2)C (mutated TP53); (iii) flank xenografts of a drug-resistant NB-PDX; and (iv) xenografts of Ewing sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Unlike SN38, SN22 inhibited NB cell growth regardless of ABCG2 expression levels. SN22 prodrug delivery resulted in sustained intratumoral drug concentrations, dramatically higher than those of SN38 at all time points. CPT-11/SN38 treatment had only marginal effects on tumors in transgenic mice, but PEG-[SN22]4 treatment caused complete tumor regression lasting over 6 months (tumor free at necropsy). PEG-[SN22]4 also markedly extended survival of mice with drug-resistant, orthotopic NB and it caused long-term (6+ months) remissions in 80% to 100% of NB and sarcoma xenografts. SN22 administered as a multivalent polymeric prodrug resulted in increased and protracted tumor drug exposure compared with CPT-11, leading to long-term “cures” in NB models of intrinsic or acquired drug resistance, and models of high-risk sarcomas, warranting its further development for clinical trials.

Significance:
SN22 is an effective and curative multivalent macromolecular agent in multiple solid tumor mouse models, overcoming common mechanisms of drug resistance with the potential to elicit fewer toxicities than most cancer therapeutics.
Changes in Peripheral and Local Tumor Immunity after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Reshape Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Axelrod Margaret L. , Nixon Mellissa J. , Gonzalez-Ericsson Paula I. , Bergman Riley E. , Pilkinton Mark A. , McDonnell Wyatt J. , Sanchez Violeta , Opalenik Susan R. , Loi Sherene , Zhou Jing , Mackay Sean , Rexer Brent N. , Abramson Vandana G. , Jansen Valerie M. , Mallal Simon , Donaldson Joshua , Tolaney Sara M. , Krop Ian E. , Garrido-Castro Ana C. , Marotti Jonathan D. , Shee Kevin , Miller Todd W. , Sanders Melinda E. , Mayer Ingrid A. , Salgado Roberto , Balko Justin M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurpose:The recent approval of anti-programmed death-ligand 1 immunotherapy in combination with nab-paclitaxel for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) highlights the need to understand the role of chemotherapy in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME).Experimental Design:We examined immune-related gene expression patterns before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in a series of 83 breast tumors, including 44 TNBCs, from patients with residual disease (RD). Changes in gene expression patterns in the TIME were tested for association with recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS). In addition, we sought to characterize the systemic effects of NAC through single-cell analysis (RNAseq and cytokine secretion) of programmed death-1–high (PD-1HI) CD8+ peripheral T cells and examination of a cytolytic gene signature in whole blood.Results:In non-TNBC, no change in expression of any single gene was associated with RFS or OS, while in TNBC upregulation of multiple immune-related genes and gene sets were associated with improved long-term outcome. High cytotoxic T-cell signatures present in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer at surgery were associated with persistent disease and recurrence, suggesting active antitumor immunity that may indicate ongoing disease burden.Conclusions:We have characterized the effects of NAC on the TIME, finding that TNBC is uniquely sensitive to the immunologic effects of NAC, and local increases in immune genes/sets are associated with improved outcomes. However, expression of cytotoxic genes in the peripheral blood, as opposed to the TIME, may be a minimally invasive biomarker of persistent micrometastatic disease ultimately leading to recurrence.