bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemosensory Dysfunction, Oral Disorders and Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gobeljić Mirjana Šijan , Milić Vera , Pejnovic Nada , Damjanov Nemanja 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate chemosensory function and oral disorders in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and to compare these findings with those of age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Methods: Olfactory and gustatory function, dysgeusia, burning sensations in the tongue (BST), halitosis, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) using the short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) were evaluated in 58 patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) and 55 age- and gender-matched healthy controls in this comparative cross-sectional study. Results: Patients with pSS had significantly lower self-reported visual analogue scale (VAS) smell score (8.6±2.2 vs. 9.6±0.7, p=0.016) and VAS taste score (9.5±0.7 vs. 8.5±2.1, p=0.014) than healthy controls. A greater proportion of patients with pSS had anosmia (3.8% vs. 0.0%) or hyposmia (36.5% vs. 13.2%) and ageusia for basic tastes: sweetness (34.0% vs. 7.5%), sourness (10.6 % vs. 0.0), saltiness (10.0% vs. 5.7%) or bitterness (19.1% vs. 1.9%) as evaluated using Sniffin Sticks test and taste stripts, respectively. A higher proportion of pSS patients complained of dysgeusia (52.6% vs. 9.4%, p<0.0001) and BST (45.6% vs. 0.0%, p<0.0001) while similar number of pSS patients and controls reported halitosis (31.6% vs. 28.3%, p=0.434). The mean OHIP-14 score was significantly higher in patients with pSS (6.8±7.0 vs. 2.3±8.5, p<0.001) indicating patients’ poorer OHRQoL compared to controls. Conclusions: The majority of patients with pSS had impaired chemosensory function and indicators of oral health in comparison to the age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Further studies of oral hygiene habits and dietary intake of these patients are needed to ensure better management of oral health problems in patients with pSS.
Assessing the quality of midwifery care from the woman´s perspective
Authors: Schulz Anja , Wirtz Markus Antonius 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Midwives provide comprehensive care for women giving birth. The care processes must be tailored to the needs of the women. Hence, woman-centred quality of care requires good process organization as well as high communicative and interactive skills. Furthermore, the woman's perspective is essential to assess the quality of care. For this reason, established assessment scales from health care were adapted to the context of midwifery care for the constructs Shared Decision Making (SDM-Q9-M) , Empathy (CARE-M) , Internal Team Participation (TEAM-M) , and Professional Competence (PC-M) . The aim of this study is to determine the psychometric properties of the assessment instruments in a sample of women.Methods: N = 201 women, who received midwifery care, completed the questionnaire as part of a cross-sectional survey. The unidimensional structure of the adapted single scales as well as the multidimensional structure of the entire assessment were analysed by means of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).Results: Both for the single assessments (CFI ≥ .96; SRMR ≤ .032) and for the multidimensional model (CFI = .96; SRMR = .049) an appropriate to good model fit could be confirmed. Minor model modifications reflecting local item dependencies have to be regarded for the scales SDM-Q9-M , TEAM-M , and PC-M . For the CARE-M scale P articipatory Communication proved to be an independent structural component.Conclusions: To determine the quality of the midwifery care processes, an assessment is available that captures central components of woman-centred care from the perspective of woman. The assessment provides a validated basis for midwives to receive direct feedback on the quality of care and to evaluate woman-centred care.
Effects of novel multifocal soft contact lens on peripheral refraction of myopic eyes when looking at distant and near targets
Authors: Lu Fan , Mao Xinjie , Wen Shuyun , Lin Liang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background It is generally accepted the association between hyperopic peripheral defocus and myopia progression. To search for a good optical method to slow the myopia progression for the children who need long-time near work, we compared the effects of novel multifocal soft contact lenses (MFSCLs) with single vision soft contact lenses (SVSCLs) on peripheral refraction when looking at both distant and near targets. Methods The refraction of 25 young myopic subjects’ right eye were measured at horizontal retina eccentricities in 10º steps from 30º temporal to 30º nasal, with no correction (baseline), novel MFSCLs and SVSCLs when looking at distant (5 m) and near (0.4 m) targets. Results Subjects wearing MFSCLs presented significantly more myopic relative peripheral refractive error (RPRE) profile than SVSCLs at all horizontal retina eccentricities when looking at distant targets (all p<0.01). Compared with looking at distant targets, subjects wearing SVSCLs or MFSCLs showed a hyperopic shift of peripheral defocus when looking at near targets, owning to the effects of accommodative lag and hyperopic RPRE change during accommodation (except T20º and T30º wearing SVSCLs and N30º wearing MFSCLs, p=0.822, p=0.950, p=0.390, respectively, all other eccentricities p<0.05). But subjects wearing MFSCLs could still maintain a certain magnitude of myopic peripheral defocus at horizontal retina eccentricities when looking at near targets (T20° and T30°, p=0.023 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions The novel MFSCLs imposed strong myopic peripheral defocus when looking at distant targets. They also maintain a certain magnitude of myopic peripheral defocus when looking at near targets, regardless of the hyperopic effect of accommodation lag and hyperopic shift in RPRE during accommodation.
Positive Epstein-Barr virus detection in corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients
Authors: Chen Ting , Song Jiayi , Liu Hongli , Zheng Hongmei , Chen Changzheng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused an outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. The Objective of this study was to detect the EBV coinfection in COVID-19.Methods In this retrospective single-center study, we included 67 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 9 to February 29, 2020. Patients were divided into EBV seropositive group and seronegative group according to the serological results of EBV, and the characteristics differences between the two groups were compared.Results 67 COVID-19 patients were included in our study. The median age was 37 years, with 35 (52.2%) females. Among these COVID-19 patients, 37 (55.2%) patients were seropositive for EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM antibody. EBV seropositive COVID-19 patients had a 3.09-fold risk of having a fever symptom than EBV seronegative (95%CI, 1.11-8.56; P=0.03). C-reactive protein (CRP) (P=0.02) and the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P=0.04) in EBV seropositive COVID-19 patients were higher than that in EBV seronegative patients. EB seropositive patients had a higher portion of corticosteroid use than the EB seronegative patients (P=0.03).Conclusions EBV acute infection was found in COVID-19 patients. EBV seropositivity was associated with fever and increased inflammation. EBV reactivation may affected the treatment of COVID-19.
Utilization of longitudinal ultrasound measurements to quantify changes in knee joint synovial vascularity in a rabbit model of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Liu Hui , Huang Chao , Chen Shuqiang , Zheng Qing , Ye Yuhong , Ye Zhen , Lyu Guorong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective: This study of rabbits with ovalbumin-induced arthritis (OIA), a model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), examined the time course of changes in synovial neovascularization based on imaging from power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).Methods: 25 male New Zealand rabbits were in the OIA group and 5 were in the control group. Both rear knee joints of all rabbits were examined using conventional US and CEUS over 16 weeks. The knee synovia of OIA rabbits were sampled by US-guided biopsy, and the expression of CD31 and VEGF were determined by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of microvessel density (CD31 positivity) and VEGF at different times was analyzed using multimodal US.Results: OIA rabbits had increased synovial expression of CD31 and VEGF from week 6 to 12 (P<0.01). During the early stage of CEUS enhancement, dot enhancement was more common on weeks 6 and 8, and strip enhancement was more common on weeks 12 and 16 (P<0.05). There were significant positive correlations of synovial CD31 and VEGF expression with PDI grade, CEUS grade, and peak intensity (PI) (P<0.05 for all).Conclusions: OIA rabbits mimicked early-stage RA at 4 to 8 weeks, middle-stage RA at 8 to 12 weeks, and late-stage RA at 12 to 16 weeks. PDI, CEUS, and PI, especially when combined with CD31 expression, accurately characterized the extent of synovial vascularization. Increased vascular morphology based on CEUS may have value for the early diagnosis of RA.
Comparison of random and site directed mutation effects on the efficacy between lead SARS-CoV2 anti-protease drugs Indinavir and Hydroxychloroquine
Authors: Sunny Jithin S. , Saleena Lilly M. , Balachandran Saranya , S. Solaipriya 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The diversification of virus can be attributed to random mutations leading to the development of drug resistance. The variations can be inherited from one generation to the other rendering the drug ineffective. However, a pharmacologically induced selection pressure can be countered by introducing drugs better adapted to work under rapid mutations. In this study we try to explore the effect of site directed and random substitution mutations simulated in the ligand binding region of SARS-CoV2 protease. Amongst six currently studied anti-protease drugs for COVID-19, Indinavir and Hydroxychloroquine were chosen for the study based on their high binding affinity scores, -6.81, and -4.81 respectively. The effect of mutations in protein-ligand binding was analysed in two steps. Initially, analysis of over 90 homologous protease and 100 SARS-CoV-2 orf1ab regions revealed un-conserved residues in the ligand binding sites. Gly170 and Thr190 were identified and interchanged with polar residues such as ARG, ASN and non-polar residues such as ALA, ILE. The resulting mutants were modelled, minimized and docked with Indinavir and Hydroxychloroquine. A higher binding affinity was observed for Indinavir; however, less variance in the binding affinity was observed for the latter. These results were consistent for random mutations as well. A Bio.seqIO based pipeline was build to simulate changes in the ligand binding site. Under the assumption that the ligand binding region has an equal probability of mutation over a given range for continuous distribution, 200 cycles of mutation was carried out in the nucleotide region corresponding to the ligand binding site. A paired t-test revealed a significant difference between the binding affinity of these mutant Indinavir and Hydroxychloroquine-protease complexes. Further, mean and variance was found to be higher for Indinavir-protease complex but Hydroxychloroquine displayed lesser variance pointing at a constant binding capability towards the mutant. Our study highlights the role of Hydroxychloroquine as a drug that can complement an evolving SARS-CoV2 main protease.
Cancer patients/survivors, lymphocytes, and severe COVID-19
Authors: He Jian-xing , liang Wen-hua , Li Cai-chen , Li Jian-fu , Xiong Shan , Zhong Ran , Cheng Bo , Ou Li-min , Chen Zi-sheng , He Qi-hua , Xie Zhan-hong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

There is a heated debate on whether the cancer survivors have worse outcomes in corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-2019). This study showed that both cancer survivors and cancer patients have decreased lymphocytes, partially explaining why these patients were associated with poorer prognosis in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (SARS-CoV-2) in principle. Therefore, patients with cancer history, whether they are going active treatment or not, deserve special attention.
Parageneses of TiB2 in corundum xenoliths from Mt. Carmel, Israel: Siderophile behavior of boron under reducing conditions
Authors: Griffin William L. , Gain Sarah E.M. , Saunders Martin , Bindi Luca , Alard Olivier , Toledo Vered , O'Reilly Suzanne Y. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Titanium diboride (TiB2) is a minor but common phase in melt pockets trapped in the corundum aggregates that occur as xenoliths in Cretaceous basaltic volcanoes on Mt. Carmel, north Israel. These melt pockets show extensive textural evidence of immiscibility between metallic (Fe-Ti-C-Si) melts, Ca-Al-Mg-Si-O melts, and Ti-(oxy)nitride melts. The metallic melts commonly form spherules in the coexisting oxide glass. Most of the observed TiB2 crystallized from the Fe-Ti-C silicide melts and a smaller proportion from the oxide melts. The parageneses in the melt pockets of the xenoliths require fO2 ≤ ΔIW-6, probably generated through interaction between evolved silicate melts and mantle-derived CH4+H2 fluids near the crust-mantle boundary. Under these highly reducing conditions boron, like carbon and nitrogen, behaved mainly as a siderophile element during the separation of immiscible metallic and oxide melts. These parageneses have implications for the residence of boron in the peridotitic mantle and for the occurrence of TiB2 in other less well-constrained environments such as ophiolitic chromitites.
Exploiting Anti-Inflammation Effects of Flavonoids in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Hussain Tarique , Murtaza Ghulam , Yang Huansheng , Kalhoro Muhammad S. , Kalhoro Dildar H. 
Published: April 2020

Background:Inflammation is a complex response of the host defense system to different internal and external stimuli. It is believed that persistent inflammation may lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as, inflammatory bowel disease, neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress is the main factor responsible for the augmentation of inflammation via various molecular pathways. Therefore, alleviating oxidative stress is effective a therapeutic option against chronic inflammatory diseases.Methods:This review article extends the knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoids targeting inflammatory pathways in chronic diseases, which would be the best approach for the development of suitable therapeutic agents against chronic diseases.Results:Since the inflammatory response is initiated by numerous signaling molecules like NF-κB, MAPK, and Arachidonic acid pathways, their encountering function can be evaluated with the activation of Nrf2 pathway, a promising approach to inhibit/prevent chronic inflammatory diseases by flavonoids. Over the last few decades, flavonoids drew much attention as a potent alternative therapeutic agent. Recent clinical evidence has shown significant impacts of flavonoids on chronic diseases in different in-vivo and in-vitro models.Conclusion:Flavonoid compounds can interact with chronic inflammatory diseases at the cellular level and modulate the response of protein pathways. A promising approach is needed to overlook suitable alternative compounds providing more therapeutic efficacy and exerting fewer side effects than commercially available antiinflammatory drugs.
A Review on Natural Products and Herbs Used in the Management of Diabetes
Authors: Patle Deepshikha , Vyas Manish , Khatik Gopal L. 
Published: April 2020

Aim:
We aimed to review the importance of the natural products and herbs used in the management
of diabetes mellitus (DM) as medicinal agents.

Background:
Naturally occuring phytoactive compounds and herbs are very important because they are
found to be effective against several diseases. DM is a commonly occurring endocrinological disorder,
with the incidences increased four times in the last 34 years. There are several oral hypoglycemic agents
available in the market, which in the long term, may lead to a high risk of secondary failure rate.

Objectives:
This review focuses on natural products and herbs application for effective management of
diabetic conditions, and natural products that can be utilized as alternative therapy.

Methods:
We searched the various online databases (PubMed, Bentham, ScienceDirect) and scientific
publications from the library using a qualitative systematic review. The criteria of the review were
based on natural products and herbs application for possessing medicinal value against diabetes and the
literature of previous thirty years has been searched. The inclusion criteria of materials were based on
the quality and relevancy with our aim.

Results:
We observed that owing to the potential of natural products and herbs, different research
groups are searching for the potent natural antidiabetic agents with minimal side effects. Recent research
showed that there is a decline in a number of new molecules that fail in clinical trials because of
toxicity thus, natural products and herbs are considered as the alternative. Currently, some of the natural
products and herbs like coixol, andrographolide, Tinospora cordifolia, polypeptide p, charantin, Annona
squamosa, and Nigella are being explored for their potential to be used successfully for the management
of type 2 diabetes.

Conclusion:
The significance of natural products and herbs in the anticipation of diabetes and allied
complications are being described herein. We observed that a huge amount of work is being done to explore
the natural products and herbs to manage the diabetes and this review gives the highlights of them.
Cyanidin 3-O-Glucoside Induces the Apoptosis in the Osteosarcoma Cells through Upregulation of the PPARγ and P21: AnIn VitroStudy
Authors: Atashi Hesam A. , Arani Hamid Z. , Shekarriz Amirhossein , Nazari Hamidreza , Zabolian Amirhossein , Rakhshan Rasul , Olya Maedeh 
Published: April 2020

Background:Osteosarcoma (OS) is known as the malignant tumors in the bone. Cyanidin 3-OGlucoside (C3G) has a potential to induce the apoptotic cell death in different cancer cells; however, the mechanisms of action for C3G have not been clarified yet.Objective:In this study, the apoptotic effects of C3G on three different osteosarcoma cell lines including Saso-2, MG-63, and G-292 (clone A141B1) were investigated.Methods:The 24-hr IC50 of C3G for Saso-2, G-292, and MG-63 cells was evaluated by the MTT assay. Apoptosis induction in these cell lines after treatment with the C3G was approved by the Annexin V/PI flow cytometry. Changes at the mRNA expression level of PPARγ, P21, Bax, and Bcl-xl genes were investigated by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, and P21 expression was further confirmed by the western blotting.Results:The MTT assay results demonstrated that the 24-hr IC50 of C3G was equal to 110μg/ml for Saso-2 and G-292 cells while it was about 140μg/ml for the MG-63 cells. The results of real-time PCR clearly showed that treatment of the cells with 24hrs IC50 of C3G caused the upregulation of PPARγ, P21, and Bax genes. Moreover, western blot analysis confirmed that P21 protein overexpressed endogenously after treatment of the cells with the C3G, and it was more upregulated in the MG-63 cells compared to the other cell lines.Conclusion:According to the findings of the study, the C3G is a novel anti-osteosarcoma agent with the ability to induce the apoptosis in different osteosarcoma cells through upregulation of the PPARγ and P21 genes.
Review of Advanced Product Design Techniques Aiming to Capture Marketing Outcomes
Authors: Gilal Faheem Gul , Channa Nisar Ahmed , Gilal Naeem Gul , Gilal Rukhsana Gul 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The purpose of this paper is to critically review the studies that deal with
advanced product design techniques in order to identify the research gaps and provide recommendations
for future research.

Methods:
To this end, a systematic review of literature on advanced product design techniques was
conducted over a period of nearly ten years between 2010 and 2019, and a new model has been developed
on the basis of insights from prior research.

Results:
Based on the extensive literature review, the authors identified key product design theories,
methodologies, and several research clusters, in which product design techniques appear to hold
particular promise in terms of capturing positive consumer behavior outcomes.

Conclusions:
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present review is the first of its kind to provide
deeper insights into advanced analytical areas for future product design research (presented as
propositions) aiming for high reliability.
Top Concerns of Tweeters During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infoveillance Study
Authors: Abd-Alrazaq Alaa , Alhuwail Dari , Househ Mowafa , Hamdi Mounir , Shah Zubair 
Published: April 2020

Background
The recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is taking a toll on the world’s health care infrastructure as well as the social, economic, and psychological well-being of humanity. Individuals, organizations, and governments are using social media to communicate with each other on a number of issues relating to the COVID-19 pandemic. Not much is known about the topics being shared on social media platforms relating to COVID-19. Analyzing such information can help policy makers and health care organizations assess the needs of their stakeholders and address them appropriately.

Objective
This study aims to identify the main topics posted by Twitter users related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Leveraging a set of tools (Twitter’s search application programming interface (API), Tweepy Python library, and PostgreSQL database) and using a set of predefined search terms (“corona,” “2019-nCov,” and “COVID-19”), we extracted the text and metadata (number of likes and retweets, and user profile information including the number of followers) of public English language tweets from February 2, 2020, to March 15, 2020. We analyzed the collected tweets using word frequencies of single (unigrams) and double words (bigrams). We leveraged latent Dirichlet allocation for topic modeling to identify topics discussed in the tweets. We also performed sentiment analysis and extracted the mean number of retweets, likes, and followers for each topic and calculated the interaction rate per topic.

Results
Out of approximately 2.8 million tweets included, 167,073 unique tweets from 160,829 unique users met the inclusion criteria. Our analysis identified 12 topics, which were grouped into four main themes: origin of the virus; its sources; its impact on people, countries, and the economy; and ways of mitigating the risk of infection. The mean sentiment was positive for 10 topics and negative for 2 topics (deaths caused by COVID-19 and increased racism). The mean for tweet topics of account followers ranged from 2722 (increased racism) to 13,413 (economic losses). The highest mean of likes for the tweets was 15.4 (economic loss), while the lowest was 3.94 (travel bans and warnings).

Conclusions
Public health crisis response activities on the ground and online are becoming increasingly simultaneous and intertwined. Social media provides an opportunity to directly communicate health information to the public. Health systems should work on building national and international disease detection and surveillance systems through monitoring social media. There is also a need for a more proactive and agile public health presence on social media to combat the spread of fake news.