bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elegies, White Dissent, and the Civil War Dead
Authors: Foster Travis M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
American literary history tends to discount Civil War elegies as unvaryingly predictable and, with a few canonical exceptions, unworthy of sustained attention. Chapter 3 proposes instead that we reconsider the genre as an essential archive of white plasticity and incorporation. When considered together, the hundreds of elegies to the Civil War dead printed and reprinted between 1861 and the turn of the century constitute perhaps the best archive we have for assessing, first, the conflicted nature of Northern white feeling in response to sectional reconciliation and, second, the capacity for white nationalism to transform such dissent into a technology for supremacist belonging. As a genre, Civil War elegies thus organized those psychic, social, and political incorporations that enabled the white subject to assert misrecognition without disrupting belonging, dissent from nationalism’s projections without disrupting citizenship, and occupy several competing strands of attachment without disrupting white supremacy’s defining claim to racial exceptionalism.
Cold War Exiles and the CIA
Authors: Tromly Benjamin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
During the height of the Cold War in the 1950s, the United States government unleashed covert operations intended to weaken the Soviet Union. As part of these efforts, the CIA undertook support of Russian exiles, populations uprooted either during World War II or by the Russian Revolution decades before. No one seemed better prepared to fight in the American secret war against communism than the uprooted Russians, whom the CIA directed to carry out propaganda, espionage, and subversion operations from their home base in West Germany. Yet the American engagement of Russian exiles had unpredictable outcomes. Drawing on recently declassified and previously untapped sources, Cold War Exiles and the CIA examines how the CIA’s Russian operations became entangled with the internal struggles of Russia abroad and also the espionage wars of the superpowers in divided Germany. What resulted was a transnational political sphere involving different groups of Russian exiles, American and German anti-communists, and spies operating on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Inadvertently, CIA’s patronage of Russian exiles forged a complex sub-front in the wider Cold War, demonstrating the ways in which the hostilities of the Cold War played out in ancillary conflicts involving proxies and non-state actors.
Reluctant Chieftains
Authors: Tromly Benjamin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6 examines the transformation of CIA propaganda operations involving Amcomlib and Russian exiles. In the mid-1950s, after negotiations to create an exile united front had fallen apart, the American Committee stepped in as a sponsor of the anti-communist operations that were supposed to come under the émigrés’ leadership, the most important of which was the Munich-based Radio Liberation that broadcast to the USSR. The chapter corrects scholarship that presents Amcomlib’s assertion of control as a natural consequence of the dysfunctional politics of the exiles. For several years after the united front dissipated, Amcomlib remained committed to its original position that its radio operation could only be effective if it was sponsored by an émigré body, and even resisted pressure from Washington to shift its strategy. Instead, Amcomlib’s decisive turn away from exile anti-communism occurred later in the decade as part of a wider delegitimizing of US policies of liberation and rollback toward the Soviet bloc. The extended confusion surrounding the course of Amcomlib, the chapter argues, illustrated the unintended consequence of CIA strategies that vested power in non-state “public-private committees.”
Dead Wrong
Authors: Boonin David 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The central thesis of this book is that it is possible for an act to wrongfully harm a person even if the act takes place after the person is dead. The main argument for this thesis is grounded in three claims: (1) that it is possible for an act to wrongfully harm a person while they are alive even if the act has no effect on that person’s conscious experiences, (2) that if this is so, then frustrating a person’s desires is one way to wrongfully harm a person, and (3) that if this is so, then it is possible for an act to wrongfully harm a person even if the act takes place after the person is dead. Chapter 1 introduces the book’s thesis and explains its significance. Chapters 2–4 each focus on one of the three main claims used to argue for the book’s thesis. In each case, the chapter starts by providing a defense of the claim in question and then responds to a variety of objections that can be made against it. Chapter 5 responds to further objections that can be raised against the book’s thesis and examines some of the ethical implications of the thesis for such issues as posthumous organ and gamete removal, posthumous publication of private documents, posthumous damage to graves and corpses, and posthumous punishment and restitution.
Constructing Crises to Manage
Authors: Mainwaring Ċetta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter sets out the conceptual building blocks for the book and develops the idea of migrant agency, situating it within the relevant literature. I argue that power, politics, and people are significant and often neglected elements of migration governance processes. Ignoring their role in migration governance contributes to the unremitting promotion of the migration management paradigm. In contrast, this book examines the interplay of actors, practices, and discourses within the realm of migration governance. Here, political power is often drawn from constructed crises based on a discourse of exceptionalism and sovereignty. Migrants are framed as symptomatic of globalization’s attack on state sovereignty and constructed as victims or villains. The chapter argues that the managed migration paradigm depends on the construction of a migration crisis to which the policy ostensibly responds. Such migration ‘crises’ obscure the complicity of the state in the production of vulnerability, marginalization, violence, and death through its border regimes, and reify the power of the state to control migration, despite paradoxically being promoted based on imagery of the state as overwhelmed. To complete this sleight of hand, policy discussions on migration governance ignore the role of migrants themselves, reinforcing the orientalist logic and assumptions that migrants are objects to be governed, not subjects who engage in decision-making, resist, and ultimately constitute international relations. Within the context of Europe, the chapter demonstrates how the emphasis on migration control at the EU’s external border results from constructed crises in the Mediterranean.
At Europe’s Edge
Authors: Mainwaring Ċetta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The fourth chapter turns to the policies and practices that migrants encounter once they arrive in Malta and on EU territory. After a review of the history of migration to the island state and the contemporary migration situation, it traces migrant journeys from the detention centres that await them upon arrival to possible deportation. By examining the sites and processes where migrants continue to be securitized within the border, the chapter argues that even when rescued from the sea, migrants do not escape political, social, and economic marginalization. The securitization of migration contributes to the construction of crisis and fuels racism and xenophobia within the host population. Moreover, this ‘othering’ occurs before migrants arrive on EU territory and is fundamentally related to discourse, policies, and practices at sea. The language of rescue strips migrants at sea of agency, reduces them to victims, and in turn allows for their continued marginalization once they arrive on EU territory. Yet, migrants resist this marginalization. Throughout the chapter, migrant accounts of experiences within host states demonstrate their agency and the narrow room for manoeuvre they are sometimes able to exploit. Ignoring this agency reifies the power of the state to ‘secure’ borders and control migration, and conceals the contested politics of mobility and security. Such encounters question traditional conceptualizations of sovereignty, security, and citizenship as they illustrate alternative modes of seeking security that move beyond the state and citizenship.
Lilliputian Power? Malta’s ‘Crisis’
Authors: Mainwaring Ċetta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The fifth chapter analyses how in the EU context Malta constructed a crisis around the issue of migration, and how the small state exploited the crisis to secure more EU funds and support. It thus focuses on how member states on the periphery respond to the new responsibility they face as EU migration gatekeepers. In this way, the chapter continues to explore the theme of power at the margins but moves away from the migrant experience to that of a small state at the edge of Europe. The chapter analyses Malta’s strategies at the EU level and its lobbying around particular policies between 2008 and 2016, including (1) the European Pact on Immigration and Asylum, (2) the Schengen Borders Code, (3) the Dublin Regulation, and (4) the Long-Term Residents Directive. The research demonstrates how Malta exerted an unexpected level of influence on EU migration governance by adopting a number of strategies, including emphasizing its small state status, its gatekeeper role, and the ‘crisis’. The most significant success was the expansion of the concept of solidarity within the EU to not only include financial transfers but also the relocation of people. However, this success has come at a price: Malta’s construction and exploitation of a migration crisis reinforces the very emphasis on migration control at the external border that it has resisted. Indeed, the EU framework now shapes Malta’s interests and strategies, encouraging the construction of migration crisis in the Mediterranean and the reduction of migrants to symbols of suffering and disorder.
Medical Men, Negligent Mothers, and Malleable Children
Authors: Hatfield Mary 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers the medicalization of childhood from the late eighteenth century into the 1840s. What we might now term a ‘biological’ definition of childhood is seen first in late eighteenth-century medical intervention into the care of infants. These texts are part of a wider ‘rationalization’ of childhood which emerged in scientific and child-rearing genres. The influence in Ireland of John Locke, William Buchan, and the Edgeworths’ contributed to a reformulation of childhood as a period of enormous intellectual and physical malleability. As the matter of children’s health shifted from the female domain to the business of men, medical professionals defined the child body in opposition to the adult male body. Elite women were criticized for coddling their children excessively, while the lower classes were characterized as neglectful and uncaring. By the mid-nineteenth century, objective standards of growth were deployed as mechanisms for governing parental as much as childhood behaviour.
Introduction
Authors: Sinclair Mark 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces the main argument of the book, namely that in his 1838 Of Habit Ravaisson brings to light a middle ground between reasons and causes, a middle ground through which our behaviour and our choices are influenced. Ravaisson, that is, provides an intelligible notion of inclining that is intermediate between providing a reason and being a mechanical cause. This notion of inclination is original, and it is important for contemporary work in the philosophy of action and the metaphysics of powers. In order to introduce the book’s argument, the chapter describes briefly Ravaisson’s life and works and then the structure of Of Habit. It concludes with some remarks on methodology, a literature review, and summaries of the individual chapters of the book.
Inclination without Necessitation
Authors: Sinclair Mark 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The chapter focuses first on Ravaisson’s response to Leibniz’s account of freedom and his modal doctrines. It shows that Leibniz’s account of moral necessity in free acts was important for Ravaisson, since in Of Habit he characterizes the modal status of habit as a ‘necessity of attraction and desire’, and then in 1867 he proclaims the advent of a new spiritualist philosophy, a new philosophy of contingency and spontaneity, under the aegis of a Leibnizian doctrine of moral necessity. The chapter argues that Ravaisson adopted more from Leibniz’s ideas than his own official proclamations can support, but it also shows that he does not adopt a form of monadological metaphysics in De l’habitude. Ravaisson is interested not in what Leibniz says about beings—as monads, as distinct from body, as without causal relations to each other, etc.—but rather in what he says about being as being inclined.
Death of the Ex-Policeman
Authors: Bedford Kate 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chapter 5 shows that lower-level actors within firms have much to teach us about the gendered and classed impacts of regulation. The chapter analyses how staff working in commercial bingo experienced the shift from ‘command and control’ style regulation, underpinning the 1968 Gaming Act, to the current risk-based regime in the 2005 Gambling Act. Seeking to contribute a gendered angle to scholarship on the consequences of regulatory reform for occupational status and autonomy, the chapter examines the impact of self-regulation on commercial bingo hall managers—a mostly male, non-professional group of workers whose claims to status have relied heavily on state licensing procedures. By analysing the changing rules, practices, and feelings involved in personnel licensing within bingo halls, the chapter makes two interlinked claims. First, as the state stepped back from assessing and authorizing employee expertise, managerial authority, status, pay, and working conditions were all reduced. Second, the chapter identifies a classed and gendered desire for a return to command-and-control-style regulation.
Innovation Framing, Regulation, and User Adaptation Online
Authors: Bedford Kate 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chapter 8 explores the role of regulation in shaping the interface between online and land-based bingo. It locates discussion of online bingo within debates about whether regulation by code is replacing the rule of law, and whether virtual life undermines sociality and community, including through its role in monetizing social networks and exploiting users’ participation. The chapter also seeks to add an online component to existing accounts of place competition and gambling—focused mostly on casino resorts—by showing that the where of play remained a crucial element of the UK debate about online gambling. The remainder of the chapter narrows the focus to online bingo regulation, to better flesh out the distinctive lessons it holds for a study of rule-making, game standardization, and technology. It outlines the current regulatory system for online bingo, before turning to the role of users (workers, players, and land-based bingo operators seeking an online presence) in game adaptation. The chapter shows that the agency of workers and players to adapt products and practices varies significantly between online and offline forms of bingo. Because workers have limited connection to players in online bingo games, and the infrastructures upon which the bingo relies allow for so little user adaptation, the capacity to ‘re-playify’ the game is far more restricted, and the designers of the technology have significantly more power. Moreover, software providers are able to capture far more profit from instrumentalizing players’ social ties than is possible for land-based operators. The chapter concludes with a call to revisit the enthusiasm for straightforwardly pluralistic approaches to categorization and definition.
Horace Walpole’s Enchanted Castles
Authors: Townshend Dale 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Extending the discussion of Walpole’s architectural imagination in Chapter 1, this chapter pays sustained attention to the assumption that the eponymous castle in his The Castle of Otranto (1764) is based on, or inspired by, the author’s architectural work at Strawberry Hill. Having outlined the history of the Otranto/Strawberry Hill relationship, the chapter subjects these presumed correspondences between text and house to careful scrutiny, eventually arguing that if the two are related at all, it is primarily through the language of romance that is common to both. Both the Castle at Otranto and Strawberry Hill in Twickenham, the argument shows, are versions of the ‘enchanted castles’ that Walpole discovered deep in the annals of ‘Gothic story’. The chapter ends with an account of the extent to which Walpole arrogated to himself the ability to call up so many ‘enchanted castles’ in a number of contemporary literary and architectural experiments.
Antiquarian Gothic Romance
Authors: Townshend Dale 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Consolidating the themes explored in previous chapters, Chapter 6 turns to consider the ‘antiquarian Gothic romance’, an oxymoronic strain of Gothic writing that, even as it peddled its hyperbolic, highly fanciful tales, self-consciously aspired towards the rigour and facticity of the antiquarian topographical method. Having discussed these impulses in a selection of lesser-known Gothic romancers, as well as the curious antiquarian romances of writers such as Thomas Pownall and Joseph Strutt, the chapter focuses on two literary responses to the ruins of Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire: Ann Radcliffe’s posthumously published Gaston De Blondeville (1826), and Walter Scott’s Kenilworth (1821). As in previous chapters, Gothic ruins are shown to call up vastly competing imaginative constructions of the Gothic past, each of which is politically inflected: the Tory ‘white Gothic’ of Scott, and the radicalism of Radcliffe.
History is a Palimpsest 1
Authors: Nelson Claudia , Morey Anne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the first set of texts associated with the entailed metaphor HISTORY AS PALIMPSEST through the key narrative of Rudyard Kipling’s Puck of Pook’s Hill (1906), which makes salient a genealogy of works for both children and adults that imagine England’s history proceeding through a series of invasions and the loss and recovery of memory of invasion. Because several of the treatments address both adults and children, the chapter examines three adult fantasies derived from Puck—Joseph O’Neill’s Land Under England (1935), Warwick Deeping’s The Man Who Went Back (1940), and C. S. Lewis’s That Hideous Strength (1945)—before moving on to four novels for children/young adults that are connected both to Puck and to its adult interwar/wartime successors: Susan Cooper’s The Dark Is Rising (1973) and Silver on the Tree (1977), Joan Aiken’s The Shadow Guests (1980), and Philip Turner’s Sea Peril (1968). Because the metaphor of the palimpsest emphasizes that the individual’s occupation of time and space is temporary, the dominant affect in all instances is nostalgia and melancholy. Nonetheless, invasion is a complex image that suggests that loss of sovereignty is not necessarily bad or injurious to the nation (or the child reader). Rather, the invasion trope offers a view of the experience of the nation that mirrors the complex layers of the individual psyche, and narratives activating the palimpsest metaphor prize and rehearse individual agency on the part of protagonists.
The Making of British Bourgeois Tragedy
Authors: Hernandez Alex Eric 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This book assembles a body of print and performance concerned with the misfortunes of the middling sort, arguing that these works negotiated tragedy’s vexed relationship to ordinary life. This “bourgeois and domestic tragedy” imagined a particularly modern sort of affliction, an “ordinary suffering” divested of the sorts of meanings, rhetorics, and affective resonances once deployed to understand it. Whereas neoclassical aesthetics aligned tragedy with the heroic and the admirable, bourgeois tragedy treated the pain of common people with dignity and seriousness, meditating upon a suffering that was homely, familiar, realistic, and entangled in the nascent values of capitalism, yet no less haunted by God. Hence, where many have seen aesthetic stagnation, misfiring emotion, and the absence of an idealized tragicness in the genre, this book tracks instead a sustained engagement in the emotional processes and representational techniques through which the middle rank feels its way into modernity. Describing this shift as an episode in the histories of both tragedy and emotion, it revises the standard critical account of eighteenth-century tragedy and reads the genre’s emergence in the period as a vigorous cultural conversation over whose life—and whose way of life—is grievable, as well as how that mourning might be performed.
The Bourgeois Revaluation of Tragedy
Authors: Hernandez Alex Eric 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter continues the argument begun in the Introduction, proposing a revised, reparative approach to the earliest bourgeois tragedies. It focuses especially on George Lillo’s landmark drama, The London Merchant (1731), and examines its unique re-interpretation of neoclassical theories of tragedy and poetic decorum. This chapter narrates its debut alongside burlesques and satires on the middle and lower sorts by Edward Ravenscroft, John Gay, William Hogarth, Henry Fielding, and John Kelly, making a case for Lillo’s radical valorization of ordinary life and a new aesthetic of identification. Its argument thereby describes the beginnings of a new appreciation for the trials of these social ranks in the era’s art, and offers a substantive reading of the text and its paratextual apparatus in light of this shift.
Calvin and his Lutheran Opponents
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter traces the debates between Calvin and two of his Lutheran opponents, Joachim Westphal and Tilman Hesshus, on the question of the omnipresence and life-giving character of Christ’s body. All sides in the dispute agree that that Christ’s body is life-giving, and thus that Christ’s human nature is the subject of distinctively non-natural properties. They disagree with each other on the way in which this life-giving power is exercised: either by co-location with the effect (the Lutherans), or by immediate action at a distance (Calvin). But while Westphal affirms bodily omnipresence, Hesshus denies it. Neither Westphal nor Hesshus accept the reason offered by Brenz for accepting the genus maiestaticum (namely, that it is necessary for the hypostatic union). They accept the genus maiestaticum simply on the basis of Scriptural interpretation.
Andreae and Beza at the Colloquy of Montbéliard
Authors: Cross Richard 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes the debate between Jakob Andreae and Theodore Beza at the Colloquy of Montbéliard (1586). Andreae defends a Brenzian account of the hypostatic union, and modifies his view so that it conforms more closely to Brenz’s own view that the divine powers themselves are in some sense possessed by the human nature. Beza accepts the supposital union. He outlines the ways in which Andreae’s account of the distinction between concrete and abstract nouns might lead to theological difficulties, and shows that a Brenzian view of the communicatio, coupled with a restriction on the set of divine attributes that can be communicated to the Son of Man, results in a Christology that is inconsistent with Chalcedon.