bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematically introducing the ‘health factor’ in decision-making is possible: The success case of Andalusia
Authors: Rodríguez Rasero F , Moya Ruano L A , Madrid Verdugo E , Vela Ríos J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Health Impact Assessment (HIA) as a stand-alone report integrated in environmental assessments has been compulsory for the last 5 years in Andalusia. In this time, it has been proven as a successful tool for implementing the Health in All Policies strategy, delivering consistently better outcomes for the examined projects.
We will describe the tools and methods used to achieve these results through the presentation of three examples. In so doing, it will be shown how HIA allows us to consider issues often neglected in decision-making processes and how it provides with an added value over other assessments already being carried out.
The first example deals with a food industry. HIA focused on the depiction of affected population, singling out vulnerable traits using geographic information systems and open social and demographic data. Combined with a study of air dispersion of pollutants, it enabled us to find inequities in the distribution of impacts, propitiating thus the inclusion of additional measures of emissions abatement.
HIA also helps raising awareness in other sectors. The second case shows a big change of attitude experienced in the urban planning department of a big city. After some initial reserves, the municipality based the decision about the relocation of a social centre on the assessment of expected positive impacts on social determinants of health. Bringing together these outcomes and the results of public consultation, a new optimal location was chosen.
Finally, HIA also allows for greater transparency and accountability in public policies. The report for the Andalusian Air Quality Strategy not only provided health outcomes (morbidity and mortality) but also turned them into monetary values, as experience has shown that policy-makers find it difficult to understand standard health measures. This approach makes possible to contribute to cost-benefit analysis and keeps in line with EC guidelines on Public Policies Assessment.
Panelists: Bart Bautmans
Environment and Health Department, Flemish Agency for Care and Health, Flanders, Belgium
Contact: bart.bautmans@zorg-en-gezondheid.be
Ana M Carriazo
Health Department, Regional Ministry of Health of Andalusia, Seville, Spain
Contact: anam.carriazo@juntadeandalucia.es
Odile Mekel
NRW Centre for Health, North Rhine-Westphalia, Bochum, Germany
Contact: Odile.Mekel@lzg.nrw.de
Operationalisation of gender and migration in epidemiological research – a systematic review
Authors: Wandschneider L , Batram-Zantvoort S , Razum O , Miani C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Gender as a social construct contributes to determine who migrates and which migration-related risks and opportunities emerge in all phases of the migration trajectory. Simultaneously, migration influences the individual as well as societal definition and perception of gender roles. An explicit gender perspective beyond biological sex in migration-related epidemiological research would contribute to adequately analyse, assess and interpret the health situation of migrants.

Methods
The systematic review synthesises how gender is conceptualised, operationalised and used for interpretation in migration-related epidemiological research. We search PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, EconLit and PsycINFO as well as the reference lists of the included studies. Eligible studies actively aim to understand, identify or explain the influence of gender on health.

Results
20 cross-sectional studies met the eligibility criteria. The majority of studies analysed gender effects on mental health (e.g. depression) and sexual health (e.g. risk behaviour). The majority of the study population is made up of male sexual minorities with Latin American background living in the USA. Gender is mainly operationalised through gender roles, attitudes and gender-based discrimination. These dimensions are mostly conceptualised at the individual level, only a minority of studies applies meso- or macro-level indicators to measure structural gender effects.

Discussion
We identified research gaps with regard to macro-level mechanisms of gender, immigrant populations in Europe and interactions of migration and gender in epidemiological research. The majority is restricted to sex- or sexual orientation related issues, but this systematic review helps to identify good practice examples that may contribute to the development of a guideline on how to integrate a gender perspective in migration-related epidemiological research.
Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42019124698
A critical discussion of theoretical foundations and measurement methods of gender roles
Authors: Jaehn P , Cook S , Holmberg C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Public health researchers have frequently investigated associations of individual gender role norms or attitudes with a variety of health outcomes. It has been suggested that the construct of gender roles is multidimensional, including norms about gender inequality and gender-related division of labour. Implications of multidimensionality and limitations of applied measurement methods, however, have rarely been discussed critically in published studies.

Methods
I will summarise theoretical considerations about the multidimensionality of the construct of gender roles. Examples of recently applied approaches to operationalise gender role attitudes in mental health research will be presented. The talk will conclude with a discussion of advantages and limitations of these approaches regarding consistency with theory, applicability, and reduction of measurement error.

Results
Gender role norms include assumptions about inequality and division of labour in the public and private sphere. Items about gender role attitudes are regularly included in questionnaires of large social surveys and are suitable to explore associations with disease occurrence or quality of healthcare. Data reduction methods such as factor analysis might be applied to differentiate dimensions and to reduce measurement error.

Conclusions
Shortcomings in considering theoretical foundations and inconsistencies in operationalisation might have contributed to the limited recognition of findings about possible impacts of gender roles on health. We need to advance measurement methods to increase the quality of public health research on gender. Finally, aspects of gender on the contextual level should complement investigations of individual gender roles.
The European Court of Human Rights and the protection of prisoners’ health
Authors: Wallace A E M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is a key actor in the regulation of prison conditions at the European level. Before 1998, the ECtHR did little more than legitimate state practice in terms of detention, no matter the effects on the health of those detained. Yet, since 1998, the ECtHR has recognised that prisoners are in a particularly vulnerable situation due to their almost total dependence on the authorities, and has defined a number of positive obligations that States are under to protect the health of prisoners.
Several reasons have been suggested for this evolution. Firstly, in 1998, the ECHR system was restructured and the ECtHR became a permanent court. Secondly, the Council of Europe’s enlargement process to the East brought about an explosion in the number of applications from prisoners in post-soviet States complaining about severely inadequate prison conditions and overcrowded conditions. Thirdly, the ECtHR began to work more closely with Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT), an interdisciplinary body that looks to make structural changes to prison conditions and focuses on the effects on health to prisoners. In this connection, the ECtHR post-1998 also began to rely more heavily on external standards, such as CPT standards, WHO guidelines, and UN Minimum Standards to supplement its reasoning.
This study examines the dynamics between the ECtHR’s normative standards of prison conditions and other international prison health standards by tracking the ECtHR’s use of external materials in its assessment of the acceptability of prison conditions. It does so in the context of the ECtHR’s jurisprudence relating to tuberculosis prevention, treatment and control in prisons.
Apart from standard improvement, preliminary results demonstrate an increase in the use of WHO documents corresponding with the evolution in the Court’s thinking, and indicate that such documents are increasingly recognised as minimum legal requirements for governments to meet.
Structural and ethical challenges in participatory research with migrant and minority groups
Authors: Gottlieb N D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Based on experiences with participatory research projects with forced migrant and ethnic minority groups in Germany, Israel and Canada, Dr. Gottlieb will first reflect on the structural challenges that especially young researchers face when doing - or intending to do - participatory research. Secondly, she will discuss ethical issues that can arise in participatory research, in particular when grave inequalities, fragmentations and conflicts within the researched communities exist. In such contexts, certain generally valid research ethical questions merit particular attention; e.g. the questions ‘Who represents whom?’, ‘Who gets access to the research process and its benefits?’ and ‘How are direct and indirect benefits distributed among different community members?’ Another set of questions concerns potential discrepancies between common goals in participatory research - such as empowerment, agency, leadership and innovation - and community norms. E.g., what is the risk of participatory research projects intensifying existing internal, e.g. intergenerational or gender-based, rifts and/or getting their practice partners into conflict with their communities and customs? To what extent ought research encourage individuals within a community to “go against the stream”?
In light of (post-)colonial histories and trauma such questions can be especially charged, both politically and emotionally. It is therefore a huge responsibility for the researcher to carefully consider the role of the study within its wider context, to weigh its potential (intended and unintended) effects and broader outcomes on individual and community levels, and to balance them with the study goals and intended benefits and its consequences for health research.
Health mediator model as a way to access to care and health information for Syrian refugees in Turkey
Authors: Kayi I , Şimşek2 Z , Yıldırımkaya G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The number of Syrian refugees residing in Turkey has increased over 200 times since 2012 reaching to 3,621,330 (April 2019). Turkey has granted temporary protection status, including access healthcare in the city of registration. Ministry of Health provides on-site health service in temporary shelters, however more than 90% of the Syrian refugees choose to stay in community settings, which along with language barriers limits their ability to access health care and information.
With UNFPA we have designed a health mediator model to improve access to health care and awareness on priority concerns such as mental health, reproductive health, child health, health system in Turkey and legal status provided to Syrian refugees. This study is a participatory operational research to test the health mediator model. Operationalization took place in 3 phases: (1) selection and training of Syrian health mediators and provincial coordinators; (2) household visits and data collection; (3) evaluation and supervision.
So far, we have trained 174 health mediators from 24 different Turkish cities. Training took 5 days with up to 30 participants each. UNFPA collaborated with NGOs that work with Syrian refugees for coordination purposes. Health mediators made household visits to reach out to Syrian families, gave health education and where necessary support for access to health care services, and conducted a needs assessment. Data collected has been the subject to weekly supervision meetings by local NGOs, health mediators and coordinators to set priorities for the upcoming week.
Health mediator model was effective in reaching out to hard-to-reach groups among Syrian refugees, increased health system and legal awareness, contribute to improved healthcare access and prevention of negative health outcomes such as teenage marriages and pregnancies.
Inclusion of refugees in decision-making and guidance during the implementation of the project was key for project success.
Applying Community Based Participatory Research on sexual health & sexual violence with refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants in Europe and the European Neighbourhood
Authors: Keygnaert I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants are at risk of sexual violence (SV). SV can induce ill-health in the victims, their offspring and community. However, prevention and response actions are leaping behind and rarely tap on the agency of the migrants themselves. Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is a collaborative research approach in public health that focuses on inequalities and aims to improve the health and well-being of community members by integrating knowledge in action, including personal, social and policy change.

Methods
Building on the concept of Desirable Prevention from a human-rights and gender-sensitive perspective, in three consecutive projects we applied CBPR to study SV and sexual health (SH) and collegiately developed SV prevention and response tools for personal, social and policy change.

Results
Each of the three CBPR projects was steered by local Community Advisory Boards composing of key stakeholders. With 1001 Community Researchers being refugees, asylum seekers, undocumented migrants and asylum reception professionals themselves we collegiately conducted the mixed-method research and co-created the tools that were validated at largely attended public seminars and implemented widely. While the projects clearly resulted in social and policy change, several professional researchers personally struggled with the principle of co-learning and co-creation while migrants struggled with the regained respect and identity that fell away beyond project scopes and in between project resulting in poor mental health in some.

Conclusions
Applying CBPR with refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants on sensitive topics as SV and SH is a valuable research approach. Yet, the CBPR principles of cyclical participatory processes and the commitment to sustainability might clash with the current funding and timing of EU research projects challenging participants’ mental health and researchers’ ethics.
Increase Capacity in Injury Research in Eastern Europe – the iCREATE Project
Authors: Dulf D , Coman M A , Peek-Asa C , Switzer S , Chikhladze N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Injury rates are highest among LMICs. Many of the leading injury causes are increasing disproportionately in LMICs compared with high income countries. Although medical and public health education in each of these countries has been growing over the last several years, injury and violence prevention has not yet been recognized as a priority. The iCREATE project aims to create a critical mass of injury researchers from multiple disciplines and to engage agencies and stakeholders in conducting high impact research that reduces the burden of injuries and violence in the LMICs of Armenia, Georgia, and Rep. of Moldova.

Progress
Based on priority needs in our partner countries and the expertise of the training team, the project focuses on: road traffic injury prevention, prevention of violence against women and children and acute care. Although it is the first project of capacity building in injury research implemented in these countries, the partnership builds on and translates existing successful infrastructure. The lead of the project (University of Iowa) has conducted similar projects in other countries from Eastern Europe and one of the training sites (Babes-Bolyai University) is currently a partner in the project.
Activities include skill-building workshops; summer classes; long-term degree-based and professional development training; focused exploratory research projects; and collaborative data infrastructure projects. The focus is on long-term MPH and PhD training in order to build research and leadership skills focused on injury prevention in the partner institutions. Some results of the first three project years are implementation of Injury prevention Curricula in three medical universities from the partner countries, and a Center of Injury and Violence Prevention established in Armenia. Furthermore, 33 trainees were trained, 8 hospitals implemented injury registries and 12446 registry records were collected so far across 3 countries.
Practical experience with SCIROCCO twinning and coaching- the perspective of a transferring region
Authors: Pavlickova A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
One of the SCIROCCO twinning and coaching activities was conducted between two healthcare systems: Scotland and The Basque Country. The objective of this presentation is to describe the experience of the transferring region, Scotland. In particular, it will outline the role and engagement of the voluntary sector in the provision of integrated care in Scotland, in terms of: Organisation, including the definition of the voluntary sector, its size and stakeholders;Engagement of the voluntary sector with integration of careIntroduction to Carrgomm and its activities (04/09/2018 study visit organised in Scotland)Conclusions, lessons learned.
Workshop: Social Cost-Benefit Analyses in Public Health
Authors:   Organised by: Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Chair persons: Ardine De Wit - Netherlands, Paul Van Gils - Netherlands
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Economic evaluation in health care has a long-standing tradition in Europe, especially in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. The incorporation of economic evaluations in resource allocation decisions is increasingly becoming embedded in national guidelines.
In other fields, however, the social cost-benefit analysis (SCBA) framework has been used for a vast period of time, especially in fields such as logistics or transportation. A social cost-benefit analysis (SCBA) evaluates the favorable and adverse effects of policy actions and the associated opportunity costs of those actions. The favorable effects are defined as the benefits, and the opportunities foregone are defined as the economic costs. The SCBA provides an overview of all effects, risks and uncertainties of a policy, and the resulting advantages and disadvantages for society as a whole. By quantifying and monetary valuing these advantages and disadvantages as much as possible in Euros, the SCBA provides insight into the impact of the measure on social welfare, expressed as the balance of benefits (in Euros) minus the costs.
In 2013, Dutch guidelines were developed for the proper and standardized execution of SCBA of future policies in public health. Building on this increased awareness, in 2014, the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) published reports on SCBA for prevention and care. Since then, a few SCBA’s have been published which evaluated various regulatory policies.
The aim of this session will be to elaborate on 1) the SCBA methodology and to provide a brief introduction to methodological aspects (no abstract provided); 2) a SCBA to evaluate the consequences of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for alcohol and cannabis addiction; 3) a SCBA to evaluate the consequences of tobacco control policies; and 4) a SCBA to evaluate the consequences of three policies to limit alcohol use; and 5) a SCBA to evaluate the consequences of two interventions to prevent toxoplasmosis.

Key messages
SCBA is a fairly new method in health care to map the consequences of long-term policy measures. With the help of an SCBA it is possible to indicate who pays for and who benefits from an intervention.
Using a cultural contexts of health approach to address the challenge of antibiotic resistance
Authors: Ledingham K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This presentation will provide an overview of key findings from a 2019 policy brief published by the WHO Regional Office for Europe using a cultural contexts of health approach to address the global health challenge of antibiotic resistance (ABR; see publication http://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/antibiotic-resistance-using-a-cultural-contexts-of-health-approach-to-address-a-global-health-challenge-2019). It will delineate what a cultural contexts of health approach is and why it matters for tackling the contemporary threat of ABR. It is now increasingly recognized that the systematic neglect of cultural factors is one of the biggest obstacles to achieving better health outcomes and better standards of living worldwide. Using a cultural contexts of health approach, the presentation will describe how the prescription and use of antibacterial medicines, the transmission of resistance, and the regulation and funding of research are influenced by cultural, social and commercial, as well as biological and technological factors. The presentation will demonstrate how culture can serve as an enabler of health and provides new possibilities for change.
Psychological support in short term after the January 2015 terrorist attack in Paris, France
Authors: Vandentorren S , Vuillermoz C , Motreff Y , Pirard P , Lesieur S , Baubet T , Chauvin P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
A terrorist attack occurred in Paris in January 2015 against the staffs of the Charlie Hebdo magazine and a kosher grocery. This study examined psychological support given to the people directly exposed, witnesses and close relatives of those who were injured, hostages or died.

Methods
The IMPACTS survey was an open cohort lead in 2 waves (6 and 18 months after the events). Psychologists interviewed in face-to-face 190 civilians in wave 1. A questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, exposure level, psychological and social support, impact on work and social functioning, and mental health disorders.

Results
Among the 190 participants in wave 1, 24.3% did not receive psychological support neither in 48 hours, between 2 and 7 days, and after 1 week. Among those who had received support, they had a contact in average with 3 institutions or associations. Within the 48 hours, psychological support was mainly provided by Medico-psychological emergency unit (CUMP) (45.2%). Between 2 and 7 days, CUMP (42.6%) and a Parisian hospital in specialized care unit for trauma (44.6%) had mainly offered psychological support. One week after events, psychological support was mainly provided by consultation in specialized care unit for trauma (41.4%) or in ambulatory (27.6%). Lack of psychological support was more frequent among men, unemployed, and witnesses (versus those who were directly exposed).

Conclusions
This study suggests offering psychological support to the whole population that have been potentially impacted, and also for those who had not been directly threatened. Long-term psychological follow-up of the most affected ones remains an objective to consolidate initial care.
Main message: Psychological follow-up should be provided not only to threatened people but also to the most vulnerable people (unemployed).