bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory approval, implementation, and brief assessment of a pharmacist‐ and pharmacy trainee‐administered penicillin allergy assessment and skin testing program
Authors: Griffith Nicole C. , Justo Julie Ann , Winders Hana R. , Al‐Hasan Majdi N. , Mediwala Krutika N. , Bookstaver P. Brandon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionPatients with a penicillin allergy, most of which are falsely documented, often receive alternative antibiotic therapy leading to negative outcomes. Pharmacy personnel are well‐positioned to provide allergy reconciliation and penicillin skin testing services.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to describe the regulatory approval and implementation of a novel, inpatient pharmacist‐ and pharmacy trainee‐administered penicillin allergy assessment and skin testing (PAAST) service. Impact on allergy reconciliation and antibiotic use was assessed.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study describing a pharmacist‐administered PAAST program conducted at a 641‐bed tertiary care medical center in South Carolina. The primary outcome was the proportion of allergies reconciled or resolved pre‐ and post‐PAAST evaluation. The secondary outcomes were the durability of allergy removal and change in antibiotic use post‐PAAST.ResultsRegulatory approval from the Boards of Pharmacy, Medical Examiners, and Nursing was obtained prior to implementation of the program. There were 161 PAAST evaluations, 119 (74%) allergy assessments alone, and 42 (26%) skin tests. Proportion of patients with reconciled allergies improved from 17 (11%) pre‐PAAST to 120 (75%) post‐PAAST evaluation (P < .0001). Among 42 skin tests performed, there were no positive results, 36 (86%) negative results, and 6 (14%) indeterminate results. Antibiotic therapy was optimized in 58% (21/36) of patients with a negative skin test. Following a negative skin test, vancomycin use significantly decreased (44% pre‐test vs 17% post‐test, P = .01) while use of penicillins significantly increased (0% vs 39%, P < .0001). Among 35 patients with allergy labels resolved in the electronic health record after a negative test, there were no occurrences of relabeling among a mean of 7.6 patient encounters.ConclusionImplementation of a pharmacist‐administered PAAST service effectively streamlined antimicrobial therapy and resolved penicillin allergy labels, without relabeling. Advocating for pharmacy personnel to perform services such as PAAST should be considered in other institutions and states.
Dynamic shrinkage in time‐varying parameter stochastic volatility in mean models
Authors: Huber Florian , Pfarrhofer Michael 
Published: December 2020

SummarySuccessful forecasting models strike a balance between parsimony and flexibility. This is often achieved by employing suitable shrinkage priors that penalize model complexity but also reward model fit. In this article, we modify the stochastic volatility in mean (SVM) model by introducing state‐of‐the‐art shrinkage techniques that allow for time variation in the degree of shrinkage. Using a real‐time inflation forecast exercise, we show that employing more flexible prior distributions on several key parameters sometimes improves forecast performance for the United States, the United Kingdom, and the euro area (EA). Comparing in‐sample results reveals that our proposed model yields qualitatively similar insights to the original version of the model.
Ethylmalonic encephalopathy 1 initiates overactive autophagy in depleted uranium‐induced cytotoxicity in the human embryonic kidney 293 cells
Authors: Hao Yuhui , Huang Jiawei , Ran Yonghong , Wang Shuang , Li Juan , Zhao Yazhen , Ran Xinze , Lu Binghui , Liu Jing , Li Rong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe kidney is the target of the acute toxicity of depleted uranium (DU). However, the mechanism of DU‐induced cytotoxicity is not clear. The study was to demonstrate the role of autophagy in DU‐induced cytotoxicity and to determine the potential mechanism. We confirmed that after a 4‐h exposure to DU, the autophagic vacuoles and the autophagy marker light chain 3‐II in the human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293) increased, and cytotoxicity decreased by abrogation of excessive autophagy using autophagy inhibitor. We also found activation of nucleus p53 and inhibiting mTOR pathways in DU‐treated HEK293 cells. Meanwhile, ethylmalonic encephalopathy 1 (ETHE1) decreased as the exposure dose of DU increased, with increasing autophagy flux. We suggested that by reducing ETHE1, activation of the p53 pathway, and inhibiting mTOR pathways, DU might induce overactive autophagy, which affected the cytotoxicity. This study will provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of DU‐induced cytotoxicity.
Constructing a 10‐core genes panel for diagnosis of pediatric sepsis
Authors: Zhou Xiaojie , Wang Yumin , Chen Jie , Pan Jingye 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of sensitivity and specificity of most biomarkers or the lack of relevant studies to demonstrate their effectiveness in sepsis.MethodsDownloaded three sets of sepsis expression data (GSE13904, GSE25504, GSE26440) from GEO. Then, using the R limma package and WGCNA analysis tocore genes. Finally, the value of these core genes was confirmed by clinical samples.ResultsCompared to normal samples, we obtain many abnormally expressed genes in the pediatric sepsis. WGCNA co‐expression analysis showed that genes from blue and turquoise module were close correlation with pediatric sepsis. The top 20 genes (TIMP2, FLOT1, HCK, NCF4, SERPINA1, IL17RA, PGD, PRKCD, GLT1D1, ALOX5, SIRPA, DOK3, ITGAM, S100A11, ZNF438, PLIN3, LTB4R, TSPO, MAPK14, GAS7) of the blue module of pediatric sepsis were mainly enriched in neutrophil degranulation, etc The top 20 genes (TBC1D4, NOL11, NLRC3, ZNF121, DYRK2, ABCE1, MAGEH1, TMEM263, MCUB, MALT1, DDHD2, TRAC, NOC3L, LCK, TRMT61B, ZNF260, ENOPH1, LOC93622, NAE1, TRBC1) for turquoise module were mainly enriched in rRNA‐containing ribonucleoprotein complexes exported from the nucleus, etc The selected hub gene of pediatric sepsis was combined with the markers of cell surface and found 10 core genes (HCK, PRKCD, SIRPA, DOK3, ITGAM, LTB4R, MAPK14, MALT1, NLRC3, LCK). ROC showed that AUC of the 10 core genes for diagnosis of pediatric sepsis was above 0.9.ConclusionThere were many abnormally expressed genes in patients with pediatric sepsis. The panel constructed by the 10 core genes was expected to become a biomarker panel for clinical application of pediatric sepsis.
A Systematic Review of Intravaginal Diazepam for the Treatment of Pelvic Floor Hypertonic Disorder
Authors: Stone Rebecca H. , Abousaud Marin , Abousaud Aseala , Kobak William 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis systematic review evaluates the efficacy of intravaginal diazepam in treating chronic pelvic pain and sexual dysfunction associated with high‐tone pelvic floor dysfunction. A literature search was conducted in Medline and Web of Science, including articles from the database's inception to July 2019. The search identified 126 articles, and 5 articles met study inclusion criteria: 2 observational reviews and 3 small randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating intravaginal diazepam for high‐tone pelvic floor dysfunction. The 2 observational studies identified subjective reports of improvement in sexual function for a majority of women, 96% and 71%, in each study. However, there were no statistical differences between Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for pain identified. One RCT found no significant changes between groups in median FSFI or VAS scores, and a second RCT found no significant changes between groups in 100‐mm VAS scores. The third RCT demonstrated that compared with placebo, treatment with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and intravaginal diazepam for women with vestibulodynia and high‐tone pelvic floor dysfunction yielded significant differences in reduction of dyspareunia (P ≤ .05), ability to relax pelvic floor muscles after contraction (P ≤.05), and current perception threshold values at a 5‐Hz stimulation related to C fibers (P < .05), but no significant changes in 10‐cm VAS scores. Intravaginal diazepam may be helpful in women with a specific diagnosis of high‐tone pelvic floor dysfunction, but more and larger studies are needed to confirm these potential effects.
Removal of NO by catalytic decomposition of vaporized H2O2 over Mo–Fe/TiO2 catalyst
Authors: Xiong Weicheng , Pu Ge , Chen Jiashan , Wang Pengcheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUDA series of Mo–Fe/TiO2 catalysts were employed for the catalytic decomposition of vaporized H2O2 to remove nitric oxide in the low‐temperature range (80–160 °C). The experimental results and the physicochemical properties were evaluated using a variety of techniques.RESULTSThe experiment results revealed that the 1.5%Mo–0.5%Fe/TiO2 catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity and 97.6% NO removal efficiency was obtained at 80 °C. The formation of •OH radicals and oxygen vacancies was verified using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and EPR proved the importance of oxygen vacancies in the generation of •OH radicals. In addition, the results revealed the great stability of the 1.5%Mo–0.5%Fe/TiO2 catalyst after the introduction of SO2, which proved the sulfur resistance of the catalyst. Finally, the fresh and spent catalysts were characterized using X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The sulfur resistance was also verified using temperature‐programmed desorption of SO2.CONCLUSIONSThis study illustrated that Mo–Fe/TiO2 catalysts showed excellent catalytic activity in the low‐temperature range and resistance to SO2. Such catalysts are very promising in the application of flue gas denitrification in industrial furnaces. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
B cell analysis in SARS-CoV-2 versus malaria: Increased frequencies of plasmablasts and atypical memory B cells in COVID-19
Authors: Wildner Nils H , Ahmadi Parimah , Schulte Sophia , Brauneck Franziska , Kohsar Matin , Lütgehetmann Marc , Beisel Claudia , Addo Marylyn M , Haag Friedrich , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
B cells play a central role in antiviral and antiparasitic immunity, not only as producers of antibodies, but also as APCs and mediators of inflammation. In this study, we used 16-color flow cytometry analysis to investigate the frequency, differentiation, and activation status of peripheral B cells of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection or acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria compared with the healthy individuals. As a main result, we observed an increase of the frequency of (CD27–, CD21–) atypical memory B cells and (CD19+, CD27+, CD38+) plasmablasts in malaria and COVID-19 patients. Additionally, CD86, PD-1, CXCR3, and CD39 expression was up-regulated, whereas CD73 was down-regulated on plasmablasts of COVID-19 and malaria patients compared with the bulk B cell population. In particular, there was a more pronounced loss of CD73+ B cells in malaria. The frequency of plasmablasts positively correlated with serum levels of CRP, IL-6, and LDH of COVID-19 patients. In the longitudinal course of COVID-19, a rapid normalization of the frequency of atypical memory B cells was observed. The role and function of plasmablasts and atypical memory B cells in COVID-19 and other acute infections remain to be further investigated. The role of B cells as either “driver or passenger” of hyperinflammation during COVID-19 needs to be clarified.
Affinity selection–mass spectrometry for the discovery of pharmacologically active compounds from combinatorial libraries and natural products
Authors: Muchiri Ruth N. , van Breemen Richard B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInvented to address the high‐throughput screening (HTS) demands of combinatorial chemistry, affinity selection–mass spectrometry (AS‐MS) utilizes binding interactions between ligands and receptors to isolate pharmacologically active compounds from mixtures of small molecules and then relies on the selectivity, sensitivity, and speed of mass spectrometry to identify them. No radiolabels, fluorophores, or chromophores are required. Although many variations of AS‐MS have been devised, three approaches have emerged as the most flexible, productive, and popular, and they differ primarily in how ligand–receptor complexes are separated from nonbinding compounds in the mixture. These are pulsed ultrafiltration (PUF) AS‐MS, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) AS‐MS, and magnetic microbead affinity selection screening (MagMASS). PUF and SEC AS‐MS are solution‐phase screening approaches, and MagMASS uses receptors immobilized on magnetic microbeads. Because pools of compounds are screened using AS‐MS, each containing hundreds to thousands of potential ligands, hundreds of thousands of compounds can be screened per day. AS‐MS is also compatible with complex mixtures of chemically diverse natural products in extracts of botanicals and fungi and microbial cultures, which often contain fluorophores and chromophores that can interfere with convention HTS. Unlike conventional HTS, AS‐MS may be used to discover ligands binding to allosteric as well as orthosteric receptor sites, and AS‐MS has been useful for discovering ligands to targets that are not easily incorporated into conventional HTS such as membrane‐bound receptors.
Prolonged Use of Ethanol Lock Prophylaxis With Polyurethane Catheters in Children With Intestinal Failure: A Single‐Center Experience
Authors: LaRusso Kathryn , Dumas Marie‐Pier , Schaack Geraldine , Sant'Anna Ana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren with intestinal failure (IF) receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN) require long‐term central venous catheters (CVCs). Ethanol lock prophylaxis (ELP) can reduce central line–associated bloodstream infections, but there are some concerns of increased breakage rates when used with polyurethane catheters. We reviewed our experience using ethanol locks in both polyurethane and silicone CVCs.MethodsA 10‐year retrospective study of children with IF receiving HPN that used ELP was conducted. Complications per 1000 catheter days were extracted and a multivariable, mixed‐effects Poisson model was used to compare catheter breakage rates and other complications between polyurethane and silicone CVCs.ResultsA total of 10 patients were included, comprising 85 CVCs and 13,227 catheter days. The most common cause of IF was necrotizing enterocolitis. Breakages were the most common complication: polyurethane 1.46/1000 vs silicone 3.76/1000 catheter days. Silicone catheters had a significantly higher breakage rate (adjusted rate ratio [RR], 2.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.84–2.88; P < .001) whereas polyurethane catheters had higher rates of occlusion (adjusted RR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.07–0.28; P < .001) and displacements. However, there were no differences in the overall catheter replacement rates and any other catheter‐related outcomes.ConclusionsIn children with IF receiving long‐term HPN, the use of ELP in polyurethane catheters was associated with a lower risk of breakages when compared with silicone CVCs. These results should be regarded as preliminary data, and further studies with a higher number of participants are necessary to provide a better level of evidence.
Effect of cold plasma and elicitors on bioactive contents, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of Thai rat‐tailed radish microgreens
Authors: Luang‐In Vijitra , Saengha Worachot , Karirat Thipphiya , Buranrat Benjaporn , Matra Khanit , Deeseenthum Sirirat , Katisart Teeraporn 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDRaphanus sativus var. caudatus or Thai rat‐tailed radish (RTR) contains glucosinolates and isothiocyanates with chemopreventive effects; however, only mature plants have been investigated to date. Thus, the present study aimed to determine isothiocyanates, phenolic compounds and flavonoid compounds, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, and antiproliferative activity of RTR microgreens grown from seeds treated with cold plasma (21 kV for 5 min), organic elicitor (160 mmol L−1 NaCl, 10 mmol L−1 CaCl2 or 176 mmol L−1 sucrose) or both in combination. Seeds were germinated on vermiculite and sprayed with deionized water or elicitor for 7 days before harvest.RESULTSCold plasma had insignificant effect on growth, whereas NaCl and CaCl2 increased fresh weight. Plasma with CaCl2 led to the highest total isothiocyanate (ITC) content [1.99 g kg−1 dry weight (DW)] in RTR microgreens containing raphasatin as the only ITC detected. Plasma treatment gave the highest total phenolic content (7.56 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1 DW), antioxidant activity from a 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl assay (7.70 mg trolox equivalents g−1 DW) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (21.72 mg Fe2+ g−1 DW). Microgreen extracts from plasma showed an IC50 value of 29.28 and 13.83 μg mL−1 towards MCF‐7 and HepG2, respectively, with inhibitory properties on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9 proteins. Plasma enhanced Bax and Caspase‐3 gene expression but reduced Bcl‐2 and MMP‐9 expression, indicating activation of apoptosis.CONCLUSIONCold plasma shows promise as an innovative tool to enhance bioactive compounds with chemopreventive benefits in microgreens. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
In situ and rapid determination of acetamiprid residue on cabbage leaf using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Pan Ting‐tiao , Guo Wang , Lu Ping , Hu Deyu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPesticide residues in agricultural products and foods pose a serious threat to human health, and therefore a simple, rapid and direct method is urgently needed for pesticide residue detection. In addition to realizing the detection of acetamiprid in cabbage extract solution, the main target of this study was to establish an in situ surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method, which could directly detect acetamiprid residue on cabbage leaf without the need for extraction. Acetamiprid was first used to contaminate the surface of fresh cabbage leaf, and then bimetallic silver‐coated gold nanoparticles (Au@AgNPs) were added on the contaminated spots and dried for SERS measurement.RESULTSResults suggested that acetamiprid can be detected in cabbage extract and on cabbage leaf surface in situ using the SERS method based on the Au@AgNPs substrate. The limit of detection was 0.08 μg mL−1 in cabbage extract and 0.14 mg kg−1 on cabbage leaf, the recovery ranged from 80.5% to 105.5% and the relative standard deviation was in the range 4.37–10.63%.CONCLUSIONSThe proposed SERS method provides an in situ, nondestructive and rapid way to detect acetamiprid residue on the surface of fruits and vegetables, which could serve as an auxiliary approach for early screening of contaminated produce in field or on site in the future. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Risk screening of mycotoxins and their derivatives in dairy products using a stable isotope dilution assay and LC–MS/MS
Authors: Yang Shuai , Luo Yunjing , Mu Lei , Yang Youyou , Yang Yongtan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method coupled with a stable isotope dilution assay was established for the simultaneous detection of 17 mycotoxins and their derivatives (aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, and M2; fumonisins B1 and B2; ochratoxin A; zearalenone; zearalanone; α‐zearalanol; α‐zearalenol; T‐2 toxin; deoxynivalenol; deepoxy‐deoxynivalenol; and sterigmatocystin) in milk and dairy products. The mycotoxins were extracted with acidified acetonitrile and the lipids were removed using a Captiva EMR‐lipid column. The average recoveries of the target compounds from samples spiked at three different concentrations were 67–102%, and the relative standard deviations of the peak areas were less than 10%. Limits of quantification (S/N = 10) of 0.004–1.25 μg/kg were achieved, which are significantly lower than the maximum levels allowed in various countries and regions for each regulated mycotoxin. Milk and yogurt products from local markets and e‐commercial platforms were analyzed using the optimized method. The screening showed that aflatoxin M1, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins B1 and B2, and zearalenone could be found in milk and yogurt products, especially those products also containing grains or jujube ingredients, indicating that there is a risk of mycotoxins in dairy products.
Factors Related to Extralaryngeal Spread in Juvenile Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Authors: Labedz Geraldine , Scatolini María Laura , Ruvinsky Silvina , Rodriguez Hugo Anibal 
Published: December 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo identify factors associated to increased risk of extra‐laryngeal spread in pediatric patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP).Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted evaluating the clinical charts of patients younger than 16 years with histopathologically confirmed RRP treated between January 2014 and December 2018. Characteristics of patients with and without extra‐laryngeal disease dissemination were compared. Odds ratios were calculated and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsData from 82 patients were analyzed. Mean age at symptom onset was 42 months. Fifteen (18.29%) patients had extra‐laryngeal spread (ELS) at time of diagnosis and in four, the disease continued to spread to other sites. Of 67 patients with disease restricted to the larynx, 17 (25.37%) developed ELS during the disease course. Human papilloma virus (HPV) typing was performed in 49 (59.8%) patients; in 28 (57.1%) HPV subtype 6 was identified and in 21 (42.9%) HPV subtype 11. ELS was found in 11 patients with serotype 11 (52.38%) and in seven patients with serotype 6 (25%) (P = .048). Statistically significant differences for ELS were also found for age at diagnosis younger than 5 years (P = .045), presence of tracheostomy (P = .031), and need for adjuvant therapy (P = .010).ConclusionsAge at diagnosis of RRP younger than 5 years and presence of tracheostomy were factors related to ELS. A statistically significant association between infection with HPV subtype 11 and ELS were also observed. Adjuvant medication might be considered a protective factor against ELS. Laryngoscope, 131:1652–1656, 2021
Responses of aboveground and belowground net primary productivity to sand burial and enhanced precipitation in a semiarid desertified steppe
Authors: Ye Xuehua , Gao Shuqin , Du Juan , Liu Guofang , Cui Qingguo , Huang Zhenying 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSand burial and precipitation drive plant community structure and functions in semiarid desertified areas, while net primary productivity (NPP) is one of the most important indicators of plant community function. However, how NPP responds to sand burial in combination with changed precipitation regimes is still unclear. We conducted a field experiment with simultaneous sand burial and enhanced precipitation treatments to test the responses of both aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) in a semiarid desertified steppe in North China. The results showed that sand burial significantly affected the community ANPP but had no significant effects on the community BNPP. Sand burial increased the ANPP of rhizome grass and decreased the ANPP of perennial herbs, bunchgrass and annual herbs, with no significant effects on legume herbs, while enhanced precipitation did not significantly affect the community ANPP and BNPP or the ANPP of all five plant functional types (PFTs). Sand burial combined with enhanced precipitation mediated the vertical allocation of BNPP in the community. There are multiple significant relationships between the ANPP of different PFTs and the BNPP among the different soil layers. These findings will be conducive to understanding the consequences of grassland desertification under the background of climate change, with corresponding implications for grassland management and vegetation restoration in semiarid desertified areas.