bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple solutions and their asymptotics for laminar flows through a porous channel with different permeabilities
Authors: Guo Hongxia , Gui Changfeng , Lin Ping , Zhao Mingfeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe existence and multiplicity of similarity solutions for the steady, incompressible and fully developed laminar flows in a uniformly porous channel with two permeable walls are investigated. We shall focus on the so-called asymmetric case where the upper wall is with an amount of flow injection and the lower wall with a different amount of suction. The numerical results suggest that there exist three solutions designated as type $I$, type $II$ and type $III$ for the asymmetric case, type $I$ solution exists for all non-negative Reynolds number and types $II$ and $III$ solutions appear simultaneously at a common Reynolds number that depends on the value of asymmetric parameter $a$ and with the increase of $a$ the common Reynolds numbers are decreasing. We also theoretically show that there exist three solutions. The corresponding asymptotic solution for each of the multiple solutions is constructed by the method of boundary layer correction or matched asymptotic expansion for the most difficult high Reynolds number case. These asymptotic solutions are all verified by their corresponding numerical solutions.
A Green, Economic “Switch-On” Sensor for Cefixime Analysis Based on Black Soya Bean Carbon Quantum Dots
Authors: Zhang Yuecheng , Wang Jingyuan , Wu Wenbo , Li Chengjia , Ma Hongyan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Cefixime is a third-generation oral cephalosporin antibiotic widely used to treat bacterial infections. Typical methods for cefixime analysis use expensive instruments or sophisticated experimental procedures, and thus a sensitive and practical method is urgently needed for cefixime detection and analysis.

Objective
To develop a sensitive and robust cefixime “switch-on” sensor based on carbon quantum dots (CQDs).

Methods
In this study, black soya beans were used as an inexpensive carbon source for a “green” synthesis of fluorescent black soya bean (BS)-carbon quantum dots (CQDs). The fluorescence of these particles could be efficiently quenched by Ce(IV)due to the ground state recombination and electron transfer (ET) between Ce(IV)and BS-CQDs. In the presence of cefixime, the ET was interrupted and the fluorescent signal was recovered.

Results/Conclusions
This method showed high sensitivity and an impressively low detection limit of 169 nM.

Highlights
This low-cost, simple strategy for cefixime detection exhibits excellent stability, selectivity, and sensitivity. Moreover, it was successfully applied for the detection of cefixime in tablets and in a complex biological environment, confirming its great potential utility for drug analysis, biological process research, and clinical research.
Transcriptome-Wide Identification of MicroRNAs and Analysis of Their Potential Roles in Development of Indian Meal Moth (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)
Authors: Chen Er-Hu , Tao Ye-Xin , Song Wei , Shen Fei , Yuan Ming-Long , Tang Pei-An 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play indispensable roles in regulating various developmental processes via the posttranscriptional repression of target genes in insect species. In the present paper, we studied the miRNAs in Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella (Hübener)), one of the most economically important stored grains pests around the world. In total, 12 small RNA libraries from four developmental stages of P. interpunctella were constructed, and 178 known and 23 novel miRNAs were identified. In addition, the expression profiles of these miRNAs were assessed across different developmental stages and miRNAs that were highly expressed in eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults were identified. Specifically, 100, 61, and 52 miRNAs were differentially expressed between eggs and larvae, larvae and pupae, and pupae and adults, respectively. The KEGG and GO analysis of the predicted target genes suggested the essential roles of miRNAs in the regulation of complex development of P. interpunctella. Importantly, we also found a set of miRNAs might be involved in the larval metamorphic molting process, with their expressions increasing and then decreasing during the larva-pupa-adult stages of P. interpunctella. In conclusion, the current paper has discovered numerous miRNAs, and some key miRNAs that might be responsible for regulating development in P. interpunctella. To our knowledge, this is the first study to document miRNAs and their expression patterns in interpunctella, and those findings would lay an important molecular foundation for future functional analysis of these miRNAs in P. interpunctella.
A Double-Edged Pluralism: Paradoxes of Diversity in the International Institute Movement, 1945–1965
Authors: Iacovetta Franca , Toffoli Erica 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As a study in US pluralism, this article examines the International Institute movement—an urban network of liberal pluralist social welfare and intercultural agencies—in the early post-1945 era. It argues that the institutes were practitioners of a double-edged, or paradoxical, pluralism, in which progressive and conservative elements coexisted in tension with each other. An assessment of Institute records from the national headquarters and several local affiliates dealing with group and cultural programs and casework methods considers the possibilities, limits, tensions, and ironic implications of institute theories and practices. The analysis highlights the challenge of attaining that ever-elusive “balance” between promoting cultural diversity (and integration) and ensuring a degree of assimilation. It sheds light on a major irony—namely, that the application of modestly relativist cultural insights often generated hypotheses of im/migrant pathology. And, in regard to processes of racialization, it illuminates a paradox: that race could inflect institute “cultural” theory and practice with respect to both ethnic and racialized im/migrants and minoritized Americans. Finally, the authors suggest their framework might be of wider applicability and that critical historical thinking about contemporary multiculturalism and its long roots is both timely and important.
Distorted surfaces of magnetic helium-peculiar stars: an application to a Cen
Authors: Krtička J , Mikulášek Z , Prvák M , Niemczura E , Leone F , Wade G 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Helium-peculiar magnetic chemically peculiar stars show variations of helium abundance across their surfaces. As a result of associated atmospheric scale height variations, the stellar surface becomes distorted, with helium-rich regions dented inwards. Effectively, on top of flux variations due to opacity effects, the depressed helium-rich surface regions become less bright in the optical regions and brighter in the ultraviolet. We study the observational effects of the aspherical surface on the light curves of a Cen. We simulate the light curves of this star adopting surface distributions of He, N, O, Si, and Fe derived from Doppler mapping and introducing the effect of distortion proportional to helium abundance. We show that while most of the optical and UV variations of this star result from flux redistribution due to the non-uniform surface distributions of helium and iron, the reduction of light variations due to the helium-related surface distortion leads to a better agreement between simulated optical light curves and the light curves observed with the BRITE satellites.
TESS observations of Be stars: a new interpretation
Authors: Balona L A , Ozuyar D 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Light curves of 57 classical Be stars in TESS sectors 1–15 are examined. In most Be stars, the periodogram shows groups at a fundamental and one or more harmonics, which we attribute to rotation. In about 40 per cent of the stars, the group is just a single narrow or slightly broadened peak. In about 30 per cent, it consists of a multiple, closely spaced peaks. These groups can be interpreted as non-coherent variations most likely associated with photospheric gas clouds. Approximate rotational frequencies for about 74 per cent of the stars can be derived. Comparison with the projected rotational velocities shows that the photometric frequency is consistent with rotation. The first harmonic plays a prominent role in many Be stars and manifests itself in either single-wave or double-wave light curves. The reduction in amplitude of β Cep pulsations in a few Be stars during an outburst and their subsequent recovery is most likely an obscuration effect. Other instances of possible obscuration of the photosphere are suspected. A simple model, which attempts to explain these observations and other general properties of Be stars, is proposed.
Inference on accretion flow properties of XTE J1752-223 during its 2009-10 outburst
Authors: Chatterjee Kaushik , Debnath Dipak , Chatterjee Debjit , Jana Arghajit , Chakrabarti Sandip K 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Spectral and timing properties of the stellar-mass black hole candidate XTE J1752-223 during its 2009-10 outburst are studied using RXTE PCA data in the 2.5–25 keV energy range. Low frequency quasi-periodic oscillations are seen during outburst. The spectral analysis is done using two types of models: one is the combined disc blackbody plus power-law model and the other is Transonic flow solution based Two Component Advective Flow (TCAF) model. Light-curve profiles and evolution of hardness ratios are studied using MAXI GSC and Swift BAT data. Based on the evolution of the temporal and the spectral properties, we find that the object evolved through the following spectral states: hard, hard-intermediate, and soft-intermediate/soft. From the TCAF model fitted spectral analysis, we also estimate the probable mass of the black hole in the range of 8.1−11.9 M⊙, and more precisely, the mass appears to be 10 ± 1.9 M⊙.
A Small-Bodied Troodontid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wang Shuo , Tan Qingwei , Zhang Qiyue , Steigler Josef , Zhang Huitao , Tan Lin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new small-bodied troodontid (LH PV39) recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation, Suhongtu, Inner Mongolia, China, is described. The new specimen preserves six postaxial cervical vertebrae, five completely fused sacral and four posterior caudal vertebrae in addition to two manual unguals. The completely fused neurocentral junctions indicate that a skeletally mature individual of the same species of LH PV39 would be smaller thanPhilovenatorand comparable in body size to a skeletal mature individual ofAlmas. The extremely dorsoventrally compressed sacral centra and neural canal, and the middle three sacral centra that are shorter and wider than the first and the last one distinguishing LH PV39 from other known troodontids. A series of phylogenetic analyses were conducted using modified published matrices. By coding LH PV39 in different strategies, the troodontid affinity of LH PV39 is confirmed and it was recovered as the sister taxon of eitherMeiandSinovenator(LH PV39 scored as a separate OTU) orLinhevenator(incorporating LH PV39 intoPhilovenator) in the best resolved coelurosaurian interrelationships. The referral of LH PV39 toPhilovenatordoes not seriously alter the phylogenetic position ofPhilovenatornor the interrelationships of troodontids. This new finding confirms that the small and large sized troodontids are coexisted in the Gobi Desert of the Mongolia Plateau until the end of Cretaceous.
Biocomputational Analysis Establishes Genetic Association of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Migraine
Authors: Roy Nilanjan , Mazumder Arpita 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTAn autoimmune disease and a neurological disease do not tie up together but if statistics say that 61% of people are affected by Rheumatoid Arthritis (an autoimmune disease) and Migraine (a neurological disease) at the same time it is really a point to be noted. The previous studies show that Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Migraine are related anatomically but our goal was to dig out any other similarities except it. Therefore, we studied their genes and hoped to get something fascinating. We assessed the genes from the literature study and Genetic Home Reference (https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/). After that, the genetic sequences of these genes were extracted from NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information,http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and by applying multiple sequence alignment, we created a phylogenetic tree by Mega (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis). Surprisingly, we found 10 pairs of genes with similar genetic structures and common ancestry. Therefore, we can say these 10 pairs of genes are related to each other closely, which is why Migraine and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) are found together in a person. At the last part of this study, we used protein expression for the evaluation of the result. Here our bioinformatics approach may help to strengthen the connectedness of these two diverse diseases.
Super-resolved polarisation-enhanced second harmonic generation for direct imaging of nanoscale changes in collagen architecture
Authors: Johnson Peter , Karvounis Artemis , Singh H. Johnson , Brereton Christopher J. , Bourdakos Konstantinos , Lunn Kerry , Roberts James JW , Davies Donna E , Muskens Otto L. , Jones Mark G , Mahajan Sumeet 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSuper-resolution (SR) optical microscopy has allowed the investigation of many biological structures below the diffraction limit, however, most of the techniques are hampered by the need for fluorescent labels. Non-linear label-free techniques such as Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) provide structurally specific contrast without the addition of exogenous labels, allowing observation of unperturbed biological systems. Here we achieve super-resolution SHG (SR-SHG) for the first time. We use the photonic nanojet (PNJ) phenomena to achieve a resolution of ~λ/6 with respect to the fundamental wavelength, a ~2.7-fold improvement over diffraction-limited SHG under the same imaging conditions. Crucially we find that the polarisation properties of excitation are maintained in a PNJ allowing the resolution to be further enhanced by detection of polarisation-resolved SHG (p-SHG) by observing anisotropy in signals. These new findings allowed us to visualise biological SHG-active structures such as collagen at an unprecedented and previously unresolvable spatial scale. Moreover, we demonstrate that the use of an array of self-assembled high-index spheres overcomes the issue of a limited field of view for such a method, allowing PNJ-assisted SR-SHG to be used over a large area. Dysregulation of collagen at the nanoscale occurs in many diseases and is an underlying cause in diseases such as lung fibrosis. Here we are able to demonstrate that pSR-SHG allows unprecedented observation of changes at the nanoscale that are invisible by conventional diffraction-limited SHG imaging. The ability to non-destructively image SHG-active biological structures without labels at the nanoscale with a relatively simple optical method heralds the promise of a new tool to understand biological phenomena and drive drug discovery.
Effects of the dynein inhibitor dynarrestin on the number of motor proteins transporting synaptic cargos
Authors: Hayashi Kumiko , Miyamoto Miki G. , Niwa Shinsuke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSynaptic cargo transport by kinesin and dynein in hippocampal neurons was investigated using non-invasive measurements of transport force based on non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Although direct physical measurements such as force measurement using optical tweezers are difficult in an intracellular environment, the non-invasive estimations enabled enumerating force producing units (FPUs) carrying a cargo comprising the motor proteins generating force. The number of FPUs served as a barometer for stable and long-distance transport by multiple motors, which was then used to quantify the extent of damage to axonal transport by dynarrestin, a dynein inhibitor. We found that dynarrestin decreased the FPU for retrograde transport more than anterograde transport. In the future, these measurements may be used to quantify the damage to axonal transport resulting from neuronal diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases.
Hippocampal and Parahippocampal Grey Matter Structural Integrity Assessed by Multimodal Imaging is Associated With Episodic Memory in Old Age
Authors: Köhncke Ylva , Düzel Sandra , Sander Myriam C. , Lindenberger Ulman , Kühn Simone , Brandmaier Andreas M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMaintained structural integrity of hippocampal and cortical grey matter may explain why some older adults show rather preserved episodic memory. However, viable measurement models for estimating individual differences in grey matter structural integrity are lacking; instead, findings rely on fallible single indicators of integrity. Here, we introduce multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) methodology to capture individual differences in grey matter integrity, based on multimodal structural imaging in a large sample of 1,522 healthy adults aged 60 to 88 years from the Berlin Aging Study II, including 331 participants who underwent MR imaging. Structural integrity factors expressed the common variance of voxel-based morphometry (VBM), mean diffusivity (MD), and magnetization transfer ratio (MT) for each of four regions of interest (ROI): hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, prefrontal cortex, and precuneus. Except for precuneus, the integrity factors correlated with episodic memory. Associations with hippocampal and parahippocampal integrity persisted after controlling for age, sex, and education. Our results support the proposition that episodic memory ability in old age benefits from maintained structural integrity of hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. Exploratory follow-up analyses on sex differences showed that this effect is restricted to men. Multimodal factors of structural brain integrity might help improve our biological understanding of human memory aging.
Midbrain modulation of conditioned learning
Authors: Rizzi Giorgio , Li Zhuoliang , Hogrefe Norbert , Tan Kelly R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe firing activity of striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) is a neural correlate of conditioned learning. However, its circuitry is not entirely described. Here we report that midbrain GABA and Glutamate neurons discriminate auditory cues and encode the association of a predictive stimulus with a footshock. Through their mono- and di-synaptic inputs via the thalamic-parafasicular sub-nucleus onto CINs, they contribute to processing fear learning.
Interaction of theXanthomonaseffectors XopQ and XopX results in induction of rice immune responses
Authors: Deb Sohini , Ghosh Palash , Patel Hitendra K. , Sonti Ramesh V. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzaeuses several type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors, namely XopN, XopQ, XopX, and XopZ, to suppress rice immune responses that are induced following treatment with cell wall degrading enzymes. Here we show that the T3SS secreted effector XopX interacts with two of the eight rice 14-3-3 proteins. Mutants of XopX that are defective in 14-3-3 binding are also defective in suppression of immune responses, suggesting that interaction with 14-3-3 proteins is required for suppression of host innate immunity. However,Agrobacteriummediated delivery of both XopX and XopQ into rice cells results in induction of rice immune responses. These immune responses are not observed when either protein is individually delivered into rice cells. XopQ-XopX induced rice immune responses are not observed in a XopX mutant that is defective in 14-3-3 binding. Yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays indicate that XopQ and XopX interact with each other. In a screen forXanthomonaseffectors which can suppress XopQ-XopX induced rice immune responses, five effectors were identified, namely XopU, XopV, XopP, XopG and AvrBs2, which were able to do so. These results suggest a complex interplay ofXanthomonasT3SS effectors in suppression of pathogen triggered immunity and effector triggered immunity to promote virulence on rice.Significance statementThis work studies the role of the type III effector XopX in the suppression and induction of rice immune responses, by differential interaction with the 14-3-3 proteins, or with the type III effector XopQ respectively. We have also identified a subset of type III effectors which can suppress this form of immune responses.
Subfield-specific Effects of Chronic Mild Unpredictable Stress on Hippocampal Astrocytes
Authors: Virmani Garima , D’almeida Priyal , Nandi Arnab , Marathe Swananda 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric illness affecting over 20% of the population worldwide. Despite its prevalence, our understanding of its pathophysiology is severely limited, thus hampering the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Recent advances have clearly established astrocytes as major players in the pathophysiology, and plausibly pathogenesis, of major depression. In particular, astrocyte density in the hippocampus is severely diminished in MDD patients and correlates strongly with the disease outcome. Moreover, astrocyte densities from different subfields of the hippocampus show varying trends in terms of their correlation to the disease outcome. Given the central role that hippocampus plays in the pathophysiology of depression and in the action of antidepressant drugs, changes in hippocampal astrocyte density and physiology may have a significant effect on behavioral symptoms of MDD. In this study, we used Chronic Mild Unpredictable Stress (CMUS) in mice, which induces a depressive-like state, and examined its effects on astrocytes from different subfields of the hippocampus. We used S100β immunostaining to estimate the number of astrocytes per mm2from various hippocampal subfields. Furthermore, using confocal images of fluorescently labeled GFAP-immunopositive hippocampal astrocytes, we quantified various morphology-related parameters and performed Sholl analysis. We found that CMUS exerts differential effects on astrocyte cell density, ramification, cell radius, surface area, and process width of hippocampal astrocytes from different hippocampal subfields. Taken together, our study reveals that chronic stress doesn’t uniformly affect all hippocampal astrocytes; but exerts its effects differentially on different astrocytic subpopulations within the hippocampus.