bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peace, sweet peace: ants become less aggressive when carbohydrates abound
Authors: Chinarelli Henrique D. , Pupe Ana E. , Leal Laura C. 
Published: October 2020

1. An animal's energetic condition is causally related to its ability to display costly behaviours such as aggressive behaviours. Aggressive behaviours are used by animals interacting with heterospecifics when competing through interference. Therefore, how does the abundance of energetic resources influence the pattern of interspecific competition by interference at the community level? To answer this, ants were used as models because the aggressiveness of workers is fuelled by the consumption of carbohydrates.2. It was hypothesised that ant species are more aggressive when carbohydrates were more abundant. Consequently, the strength of competition by interference would increase, changing the patterns of ant species' resource use at the community level.3. This study experimentally increased the availability of carbohydrates and counted the number of aggressive behaviours, the probability of ant species exclusion, and the composition of ant morphospecies exploring protein baits before and after the addition of carbohydrates.4. After the addition of carbohydrates, ants displayed 42% less aggressive behaviour and were twice as prone to exclude other ant species from the protein baits. This led to changes in the composition of ants exploring the protein baits before and after carbohydrate addition.5. In general, ants became less motivated to engage in competitive interactions when carbohydrates were more available. However, this response was not homogeneous as the occurrence and aggressiveness of some species, such as the nectarivores, were higher when carbohydrates abound. As carbohydrates are mainly offered by plants, this study's results suggest that plants can indirectly shape the structure of ant communities through ant responses to the availability of carbohydrates.
Cutaneous necrosis of the arteriovenous fistula puncture site in chronic hemodialysis: A historical complication or an ever‐present threat? A series of 26 cases
Authors: Bentata Yassamine , Hamdi Fethia , Al Zaarir Hussam , Abualtayef Mohamed Taha , Haddiya Intissar , Benzirar Adnane , El Mahi Omar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionCutaneous necrosis (CN) at the puncture site of the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in chronic hemodialysis (CHD) is a rare but potentially fatal complication. The objective of our work was to establish the associated complications, vascular prognosis, and patient survival of CHD patients presenting cutaneous necrosis.MethodsThis retrospective study (January 2016 to March 2020) was conducted in the Department of Vascular Surgery and the Department of Nephrology at the University Hospital Center Mohammed VI of Oujda, Morocco. Included were all CHD patients admitted for treatment of cutaneous necrosis at the puncture site of a native AVF.ResultsData from 26 cases were collected. The mean age was 58.7 ± 16 years, 70.8% were female, and 25% had diabetic nephropathy; 42.3% of the AVFs were radiocephalic and 46.1% were brachiocephalic; 42.2% of patients presented active bleeding, of whom 91% required a blood transfusion; 80.8% of the AVFs were complicated by aneurysms. Fistulography showed stenosis in 42.3% of cases. Urgent surgical intervention was performed on all the patients. Fifty percent of patients required placement of a short‐term hemodialysis catheter. Two patients had presented a recurrence. Death occurred in one case following a massive hemorrhagic shock.ConclusionCutaneous necrosis is a relatively common complication and requires early screening and immediate surgical intervention.
The effect of ethical work climate on the organizational citizenship behavior of academic nurses
Authors: Altuntaş S. , Seren İntepeler Ş. , Sökmen S. , Kantek F. , Öztürk H. , Baykal Ü. 
Published: October 2020

AimThis study demonstrates the effect of academic nurses’ perceptions of ethical work climate on their organizational citizenship behaviour.BackgroundEstablishing healthy relationships in organizations and ensuring organizational effectiveness depend on workers’ perception of organizational ethics and voluntary behaviours that improve their organizations.MethodsThis study was conducted with 644 academic nurses working in public institutions of higher education that offer nursing education at the undergraduate level in Turkey. The data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics form, the Ethical Climate Scale and the Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Scale. The data were evaluated using statistical software. Approvals for the study were obtained from the institutions and their ethics committees, and the participants’ consent was obtained.ResultsThis study found there was a significant relationship between academic nurses’ perception of ethical work climate and their organizational citizenship behaviour. Ethical work climate based on social responsibility had the most effect on organizational citizenship behaviour.ConclusionsAcademic nurses’ perceptions of ethical work climate affect their organizational citizenship behaviour.Implications for Nursing PolicyAcademic nurses should act in accordance with the laws and both professional and personal moral codes in the work environment, take into account team and institutional interests, be aware of their social responsibilities and be efficient. In this way, they can provide an ethical work environment and be a good organizational citizen based on volunteering and courtesy, thinking about team members, acting with advanced task awareness and supporting the development of the organization.
Leveraging nurse practitioner capacities to achieve global health for all: COVID‐19 and beyond
Authors: Rosa W.E. , Fitzgerald M. , Davis S. , Farley J.E. , Khanyola J. , Kwong J. , Moreland P.J. , Rogers M. , Sibanda B. , Turale S. 
Published: October 2020

AimTo argue that nurse practitioners have been under‐utilized generally in the current global health environment, creating barriers to achieving universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals.BackgroundNurse practitioners are advanced practice nurses possessing expert knowledge and leadership skills that can be optimized to narrow disparities and ensure access to high‐quality health care globally. Nurses worldwide have been challenged to meet global public health needs in the context of COVID‐19 (SARS‐CoV‐2 virus), and there are early indications that nurse practitioners are being called upon to the full extent of their capabilities in the current pandemic.Sources of evidencePubMed; Google Scholar; the International Council of Nurses; World Health Organization; United Nations; and the experiences of the authors.DiscussionSeveral international reports, nursing and health organizations have called for continued investment in and development of nursing to improve mechanisms that promote cost‐effective and universally accessible care. Expanding nurse practitioner scopes of practice across nations will leverage their clinical capacities, policy and advocacy skills, and talents to lead at all levels.ConclusionOngoing empirical data and policy change is needed to enable the full scope and strategic utilization of nurse practitioners across healthcare systems and contexts.Implications for nursing practice, and nursing and health policyWidespread education regarding nurse practitioner capacities for interdisciplinary partners, policymakers and the public is needed. Policies that safely expand their roles are critical. Role titles and remuneration reflective of their scope and service are required to lead, sustain and grow the workforce internationally.
Surgical Site Infections and their economic significance in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery: A retrospective incidence, cost, and reimbursement analysis in a German centre of the highest level of care
Authors: Brennfleck Frank Werner , Bachmeier Tanja , Simet Wolfgang , Zeman Florian , Junger Henrik Horst Gerhard , Schlitt Hans Jürgen , Dahlke Marc‐Hendrik , Brunner Stefan Martin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSurgical site infections (SSI) in open Hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery are common complications. They worsen patients’ outcomes and prolong hospital stays. Their economic significance in the German diagnosis related groups (DRG) system is mostly unknown. To investigate their economic importance, we evaluated all cases for SSIs as well as clinical and financial parameters undergoing surgery in our centre from 2015 and 2016. Subsequently, we carried out a cost‐revenue calculation by assessing our billing data and the cost matrix of the InEK (German Institute for the Payment System in Hospitals). A total of 13.5% of the patients developed a superficial, 9% a deep incisional, and 2.4% of the patients an organ space SSI. Compared with Patients without SSI, Patients with SSI had more comorbidities, were older, and their average length of stay was extended by 19 days (P < .001). The financial loss per SSI‐case was €‐7035.65 despite increased reimbursement, which resulted in a calculated total loss for the hospital of €‐802 064.62 in 2015 and 2016. Surgical site infections are common complications of open HPB surgery, which lead to a significant increase in the cost per case. Further prevention strategies need to be developed. Besides, an adjustment of revenues must be demanded.
Nurses' protocol‐based care decision‐making: a multiple case study
Authors: Vázquez‐Calatayud Mónica , Oroviogoicoechea Cristina , Pittiglio Laura , Pumar‐Méndez María Jesús 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo describe and explain nurses' protocol‐based care decision‐making.BackgroundProtocol‐based care is a strategy to reduce variability in clinical practice. There are no studies looking at protocol‐based care decision‐making. Understand this process is key to successful implementation.MethodA multiple embedded case study was carried out. Nurses' protocol‐based care decision‐making was studied in three inpatient wards (medical, surgical and medical‐surgical) of a university hospital in northern Spain. Data collection was performed between 2015 and 2016 including documentary analysis, non‐participant observations, participant observations and interviews. Analysis of quantitative data involved descriptive statistics and qualitative data was submitted to Burnard's method of content analysis (1996). The data integration comprised the integration of the data set of each case separately and the integration of the findings resulting from the comparison of the cases. Thefollowing the threadmethod of data integration was used for this purpose. The SRQR guideline was used for reporting.ResultsThe multiple embedded case study revealed protocol‐based care decision‐making as a linear and variable process that depends on the context and consists of multiple interrelated elements, among which the risk perception is foremost.ConclusionThis study has allowed progress in protocol‐based care decision‐making characterisation. This knowledge is crucial to support the design of educational and management strategies aimed at implementing protocol‐based care.Relevance to clinical practiceStrategies to promote protocol‐based care should address the contexts of practice and the ability of professionals' to accurately assess the degree of risk of clinical activity. Hence, it will promote quality of care, patient safety and efficiency in healthcare cost.
Relationship between age at menarche and chromosome numerical abnormalities in chorionic villus among missed abortions: A cross‐sectional study of 459 women in China
Authors: Zhao Lu , Yang Hua , Liu Guoyan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess the relationship between age at menarche and the numerical abnormalities of chorionic villi chromosomes in patients with missed abortion.MethodsUnexplained miscarriage patients were admitted to an outpatient clinic in Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, China. Embryonic villi tissues were collected aseptically after curettage. Chromosome analysis was performed subsequently using multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification method.ResultsAmong 459 cases of missed abortion, chromosome numerical abnormalities were found in 231 cases (50.33%). Autosomal trisomy occurs most frequently, with 16‐trisomy being most common. Patients (age more than 35 years old) had more frequent miscarriages compared with those who were less than 35 years old. However, there was no statistically significant difference in chromosome numerical abnormalities. In addition, compared with patients less than 30 years old, women with age ≥ 30 years old had higher abortions frequency (P = 0.002), and the proportion of chromosome numeric abnormalities increased (P = 0.000). The number of patients with abnormal chromosomes is higher among patients whose age of menarche are less than 12 years old than that of patients whose age of menarche was over 12 years old (P = 0.003).ConclusionChromosome numerical abnormalities are important cause of missed abortion. The incidence of chromosome numeric abnormalities increases among patients ≥30 years old. Besides, age of menarche is an important risk factor for chromosome numerical abnormalities.
Male genitalia's evolutionary rate is higher than those of body traits: the case of two Liolaemus lizards' group
Authors: Quipildor A. M. , Ruiz‐Monachesi M. R. , Ruiz S. , Hibbard T. N. , Valdecantos S. , Lobo F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDifferent studies suggest that reproductive characters evolve faster than non‐reproductive characters. Males in the order Squamata have paired copulatory organs called hemipenes, with high morphological diversity, including differences in size, shape, and ornamentation. Some studies in the species‐rich lizard genus, Anolis suggest that genital traits evolve faster than the rest of the body. However, these studies were made considering only a few traits, across a wide phylogeny, without considering species relatedness, which may inflate differences in evolutionary rates. Here, we study two phylogenetic distantly related lizard groups, which differ in the number of species, but have similar divergence times. We evaluate as follows: (1) evolutionary rate, models of evolution and phylogenetic signal among the different genital and non‐genital traits; (2) which kind of traits (genital and non‐genital) are divergent across sister species and (3) whether the species‐rich group shows a faster rate of trait change. We studied 24 Liolaemus lizard species, belonging to two monophyletic groups that differ in species number: L. elongatus' clade, which has more species than L. lineomaculatus' clade. We studied 20 different traits (9 genital and 11 non‐genital) and calculated their phylogenetic signal, evolutionary rate of change and models that best explain the evolutionary change. Our results show that: (1) in general, genital traits evolve faster than non‐genital ones in both groups, and both phylogenetic signal and best evolutionary model vary depending on the trait. (2) Genital traits diverged more among sister species within the L. lineomaculatus group, but within the L. elongatus group, both sets of traits show similar degrees of divergence. Finally, (3) the species‐rich group (L. elongatus), has the highest genital evolutionary rate but also the highest non‐genital evolutionary rate.
Reduced stress defence responses contribute to the higher toxicity of a pesticide under warming
Authors: Delnat Vienna , Swaegers Janne , Asselman Jana , Stoks Robby 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is a pressing need to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the, often magnifying, interactive effects between contaminants and natural stressors. Here we test our hypothesis that lower general stress defence responses contribute to synergistic interactions between stressors. We focus on the widespread pattern that many contaminants are more toxic at higher temperatures. Specifically, we tested the effects of an environmentally realistic low‐effect and high‐effect concentration of the pesticide chlorpyrifos under warming at the gene expression level in the northern house mosquito Culex pipiens molestus (Forskal, 1775). By applying the independent action model for combined stressors on RNA‐sequencing data, we identified interactive gene expression patterns under combined exposure to chlorpyrifos and warming for general stress defence responses: protection of macromolecules, antioxidant processes, detoxification and energy metabolism/allocation. Most of these general stress defence response genes showed upregulated antagonistic interactions (i.e., were less upregulated than expected under the independent action model). This indicates that when pesticide exposure was combined with warming, the general stress defence responses were no longer buffering increased stress levels, which may contribute to a higher sensitivity to toxicants under warming. These upregulated antagonistic interactions were stronger for the high‐effect chlorpyrifos concentration, indicating that exposure to this concentration under warming was most stressful. Our results highlight that quantitative analysis of the frequency and strength of the interaction types of general stress defence response genes, specifically focusing on antagonistic upregulations and synergistic downregulations, may advance our understanding of how natural stressors modify the toxicity of contaminants.
Application of a novel straight leg raise test during high‐resolution manometry can predict esophageal contractile reserve in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Lei Wei‐Yi , Gyawali C. Prakash , Chang Wei‐Chuan , Roman Sabine , Wong Ming Wun , Yi Chih‐Hsun , Liu Tso‐Tsai , Hung Jui‐Sheng , Liang Shu‐Wei , Chen Chien‐Lin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground/aimIncreased intra‐abdominal pressure from abdominal compression augments esophageal peristalsis during high‐resolution manometry (HRM), and straight leg raise (SLR) while supine increases intra‐abdominal pressure. We determined if water swallows performed during SLR can mimic contraction reserve seen with multiple rapid swallows (MRS).MethodsConsecutive patients evaluated for GERD symptoms completed validated GERD questionnaires, esophageal HRM, and upper endoscopy. Distal contractile integral (DCI) was analyzed during single water swallows (10 × 5 mL), MRS (5 × 2 mL), and during SLR (5x5 mL). Peristaltic breaks were measured using software tools with a 20 mm Hg isobaric contour. Univariate correlational analyses were performed to compare esophageal motor patterns and DCI values during single water swallows, MRS, and SLR.ResultsOf 103 study patients (mean age: 46.7 ± 12.3 years, 56.3% female), 50 (48.5%) had ineffective esophageal motility (IEM). Contraction reserve was observed on MRS in 62% with IEM, and 35.8% with normal motility (p = 0.008). DCI was significantly higher during SLR compared to mean single swallow DCI in both IEM and normal motility patients (p < 0.001 for each comparison). In IEM patients, SLR significantly reduced swallows with peristaltic breaks (6.1 ± 3.7 vs 3.6 ± 3.6;p < 0.001) and shortened the length of the largest break (4.8 ± 3.4 vs 3.0 ± 3.0 cm;p < 0.001). DCI response following MRS correlated with DCI with swallows during SLR, with a correlational coefficient (Pearson'sr) of 0.70 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsSwallowing against the resistance of increased intra‐abdominal pressure from SLR improves esophageal body peristaltic performance and predicts esophageal body contraction reserve.
NEOLITHIC ENGAGEMENTS WITH THE DEAD: MORTUARY PROCESSING ON BENGORM MOUNTAIN IN THE NORTH‐WEST OF IRELAND
Authors: Dowd Marion , Lynch Linda G. , Cassidy Lara , Bonsall James , Kahlert Thorsten , Reimer Paula , Svyatko Svetlana , OCarroll Ellen , Reilly Eileen , Noonan Alice , Beglane Fiona 
Published: October 2020

SummaryArchaeological excavation of a natural boulder chamber on the upper slopes of Bengorm Mountain, County Mayo, in the north‐west of Ireland revealed evidence for complex Neolithic funerary rituals spanning several centuries. With virtually no subsequent evidence of animal or human disturbance, the site presents an exceptional insight into well‐preserved engagements with the dead at a remote mountain location where themes of secrecy, continuity and ritual grammar are highlighted. The chamber was used for processing individuals of all ages but there is a tentative suggestion that the space was reserved predominantly for males. Ancient genomic analysis reveals kinship between at least two adult males, both of whom were almost certainly intermediate to dark skinned, with brown eyes and dark brown or black hair. Both individuals were also lactose intolerant.
Disparities in regional productivity, capital accumulation, and efficiency across Indonesia: A club convergence approach
Authors: Mendez Carlos , Kataoka Mitsuhiko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the evolution of regional disparities in labor productivity, capital accumulation, and efficiency across Indonesian provinces over the 1990–2010 period. Through the lens of a nonlinear dynamic factor model, we first test the hypothesis that all provinces would eventually converge to a common steady‐state path. We reject this hypothesis and find that the provincial dynamics of labor productivity are characterized by two convergence clubs. We next evaluate the dynamics of the proximate sources of labor productivity and find some mixed results. On the one hand, physical and human capital accumulation are characterized by three and two convergence clubs, respectively. On the other hand, efficiency is characterized by a unique convergence club. The paper concludes by suggesting that, based on the provincial composition of each club and the common low level of efficiency across Indonesia, considerable improvements in both capital accumulation and efficiency are still needed to reduce regional disparities and accelerate productivity growth.
Eligible blood donors’ decisions about donating stool for fecal microbiota transplantation: Does ambivalence play a role?
Authors: Hyde Melissa K. , Masser Barbara M. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundBlood collection agencies (BCAs) are expanding core business by inviting blood donors to donate stool for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). However, whether blood donors also want to donate stool is unclear since, despite its benefits, stool donation is viewed by many as unpleasant. This study examined the prevalence, contributors to, and role of these mixed feelings (ambivalence) in stool donation intentions.Study Design and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study surveyed Australian residents aged 18 years or more who believed themselves eligible to donate blood and met broad criteria for prescreening as a stool donor (eg, healthy, not taking medication). Survey questions assessed attitude, norms, self‐efficacy, motives, disgust, ambivalence, and intentions to donate stool.ResultsA total of 382 eligible blood donors aged not more than 50 years (mean, 28.71 years; 48% female, 62% “healthy” body mass index) participated. Six percent indicated no ambivalence about donating stool. In regression, significant determinants of ambivalence were less awareness of FMT, lower self‐efficacy, motivated by ensuring that stool is available for loved ones, and more disgust about stool donation. Higher ambivalence contributed to decreased donation intention. Self‐efficacy and disgust differentiated participants with moderate ambivalence, a group likely responsive to intervention, from those with low or high ambivalence.ConclusionAmbivalence about donating stool was common among eligible blood donors. BCAs should raise awareness about stool donation and FMT before requesting donation. BCAs may increase cost savings and donor retention by giving clear guidance about donation requirements and implementing processes that build confidence. Early screening of potential donors for ambivalence and disgust will enable BCAs to provide decision support.