bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GASTOS MILITARES E AS AÇÕES DAS FORÇAS ARMADAS NA AMÉRICA DO SUL: UMA APRECIAÇÃO SOBRE A CONVERGÊNCIA REGIONAL EM DEFESA
Authors: De Conti Pagliari Graciela 
Published: January 2020

It is investigated the approximation in defense and security in South America. The hypothesis tested considers that these countries just tend an approximation whereby the costs are less linked to a changing in their individual policies. In this way, they propose just a superficial consensus rather than incorporate joint policies. Therefore, the analysis focuses on the confidence measures in relation to the military expenditures adopted since the SADC foundation, as well as the military forces functions to verify if – in that instance – the measures served to empower the convergences in defense, and – in the case of these – if, in the face of the highlighted common defense problems, the attributions have converged.
A MOBILIZAÇÃO DA BASE INDUSTRIAL DE DEFESA NA AMÉRICA DO SUL POR MEIO DA INSERÇÃO BRASILEIRA NO SISTEMA OTAN DE CATALOGAÇÃO
Authors: Evangelista Medeiros Sabrina , Sousa Moreira William De 
Published: January 2020

This article aims to describe and analyze the conditionalities and side effects of Brazil’s inclusion in NATO´s Catalog (NATO Codification System- NCS) for the national Defense Industrial Base and the country’s development (the agreement dates back to April 1997). The central hypothesis is that, through this process, there was a progressive conditioning of the national defense industry, and correlates, in favor of protocolization, which extended the internationality and scope of national agents, both as buyers and sellers, within this system and subsystems. The analysis of the process of inclusion of Brazil in the NSC and the characteristics and purposes involved and the analysis of the repercussions for Brazil.To do this, before the analysis of the repercussions, there is an explanation of the method used, once the objectives of the article consolidate through a medium-term prospective vision.
MISSÕES DE PAZ E RELAÇÕES CIVIS-MILITARES: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O CASO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Marques Adriana A. 
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the interconnections between the participation of the Brazilian military in peace missions and civil-military relations in the country. For its elaboration a bibliographical revision and the collection of primary sources, like governmental documents, articles published in newspapers and magazines and interviews were realized. It is concluded that, instead of contributing to the improvement of the articulation between foreign policy and defense policy, the Brazilian participation in peace operations has been instrumentalised by the political class and indirectly contributing to the militarization of public security and the policialization of the armed forces.
Do Internal Control Activities Adversely Influence the Profitability and Solvency of South African SMMEs?
Authors: Bruwer Juan-PierrÃ 
Published: January 2020

Internal control activities should provide reasonable assurance surrounding the attainment of business objectives in the foreseeable future, be they financial or non-financial in nature. Recent studies suggest that internal control activities used within South African Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) are inadequate and/or ineffective they do not provide reasonable assurance surrounding the attainment of relevant objectives. For this study emphasis was placed on whether internal control activities used by South African SMMEs had an adverse influence on their profitability and solvency. Data were obtained from 119 members of management of South African SMMEs, which allowed a total of14 relationships to be tested. Only four relationships were found to be statistically significant which led to the rejection of the two developed hypotheses. Stemming from the results, it appears that there may be a need for the development of formal policies pertaining to internal control within a South African SMME dispensation.
Relationship between Real Exchange Rate and Economic Growth: the case of South Africa
Authors: Patel Deeviya , Mah Gisele 
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between real exchange rate and economic growth in South Africa. Using time series data, the period from 1980 to 2015 was covered in the study. Data was collected from the South African Reserve Bank, the International Monetary Fund and International Financial Statistics. The Johansen cointegration and the Vector Error Correction Model estimation techniques were employed in the study, followed by VEC Granger causality test, variance decomposition and impulse response function. The long-run results revealed a negative and significant relationship between real exchange rate with export and economic growth. On the other hand, money supply and foreign direct investment have a positive and significant relationship with real exchange rate. Only export was significant and positively related to real exchange rate in the short-run. Results of granger causality showed that only export granger causes real exchange rate thus, a unidirectional causality exists between export and real exchange rate. Results of variance decomposition revealed that the real exchange rate is highly affected by shocks from economic growth. The impulse response functions showed that real exchange rate responds positively to shocks from real exchange rate and money supply. On the contrary, real exchange rate responds negatively to a shock from economic growth. There is, therefore, a need to increase exports, money supply, foreign direct investment and economic growth as these would lead to an increase in the Rand and consequently, appreciation of the Rand.
Trade Liberalization and Performance of the Nigerian Textile Industry
Authors: Okeowo Florence Oluremi , Aregbeshola Rafiu Adewale 
Published: January 2020

Nigeria textile industry is characterized by questionable incentives, political uncertainty, acute power shortage, poor infrastructure, smuggling and red-tape bureaucracy, among others. The study modified the endogenous growth model within a time series (1986 and 2015) estimation techniques of Autoregressive Distributed Lagged model (ARDL). Findings revealed that the effect of simple tariff rate on textile industry is negative and statistically significant in the long-run; while trade liberalization policy measure through simple tariff rate has a lag effect before it can be effective in the textile industry. In both short and long run, real effective exchange rate depreciation worsens the performance of the textile industry in Nigeria. In the long run, a 1.0% rise in trade openness would decrease the level of textile industry performance by about 17.49%, while factor affecting textile industry performance in the short run are simple tariff rate, financial development, exchange rate changes, trade openness and labor and capital inputs respectively. The study concluded that Trade liberalization has a lag effect on textile industry performance and a significant effect on the performance of the Nigerian textile industry. It is therefore recommended that government should make concerted efforts toward providing a favorable business environment, reducing inflation and improve the infrastructural facilities for the textile industry to strive.
Labour Dynamics in Climate and Techno Reliant Small Scale Maize Production
Authors: Kambanje Ardinesh , Ngarava Saul , Mushunje Abyssinia , Taruvinga Amon 
Published: January 2020

Adoption of improved technology tends to recalibrate labour use in agricultural production. The study examined how the adoption of various maize varieties impacted labour use in smallholder production. The study utilised a structured pre-coded questionnaire-based survey of 487 smallholder maize farmers in South Africa. The purposive sample was obtained from Ingquza Hill and Port St Johnâ€™s Local Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province. A multinomial regression model and Monte Carlo Simulation were utilised to analyse the data. Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS) version 23 as well as Excel were the statistical tools utilised. Through multinomial regression analysis, the study found that weeding labour was the most significantly affected by a change in maize variety. It was observed that as maize variety transcends in use from Landrace to GMO, improved OPV and conventional hybrid, ploughing and weeding hours tend to decrease. The harvesting, storage and shelling hours tend to increase. Utilising the Monte Carlo Simulation, the study also found an increased impact of maize variety utilisation on harvesting as well as on shelling and storage labour hours. The study recommends that varieties be promoted taking cognizance of the labour dynamics to tier maximize suitability and labour-based productivity, reducing tedious labour use in ploughing and weeding, whilst promoting employment in harvesting, shelling and storage.
Perceptions of the National Credit Regulator on the usefulness of the debt counselling process in South Africa
Authors: Masilo K. H. 
Published: January 2020

The South African National Credit Regulator is responsible for the regulation of credit industry, registration and training of debt counsellors, enforcement and monitoring compliance of the provisions of the National Credit Act. The aim of this paper is therefore to analyse the perceptions of the National Credit Regulator on the usefulness of debt counselling process in South Africa. A qualitative approach, which was exploratory in nature, was adopted for this study. Ten employees from the National Credit Regulatorâ€™s office were interviewed. There was no evidence that debt counsellors were managing the debt counselling service effectively. It was also observed that the debt counsellors received insufficient support from the National Credit Regulator. The paper recommends that the National Credit Regulator should adequately support the debt counsellors so that they can effectively manage debt counselling service and ultimately assist the overindebted consumers. Debt counsellors training curriculum should also be outcomes- based approach with exposure to business management.
Vory: den ryska supermaffian
Authors: Lennhag Mi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract in English: Review of Vory: den ryska supermaffianMi Lennhag reviews Vory: den ryska supermaffian (The Vory: Russia’s Super Mafia) by Mark Galeotti (translated by Manne Svensson). The book examines organized crime in the Soviet Union and in post-Soviet Russia. Historical, political and cultural contexts help explaining the Russian mafia and the phenomenon vory. Galeotti pictures a Russian society where politics and organized crime remain closely linked.
Allelopathic properties of selected lawn cultivars of Poa pratensis and their utilization in garden compositions
Authors: LIPIŃSKA HALINA , WYŁUPEK TERESA , SOSNOWSKA MAŁGORZATA , KĘPKOWICZ AGNIESZKA , LIPIŃSKI WOJCIECH , STAMIROWSKA-KRZACZEK EWA 
Published: January 2020

The study objective was to assess the impact of the vegetative shoots of the lawn cultivars of Poa pratensis (one of the most valuable lawn grasses), cut and left on the lawn surface, on the species composition and overwinter survival of a lawn. The investigation was conducted in a field experiment. Each cultivar was sown in monoculture, on microplots covering 1 m2 each. In the control objects, the cut biomass was removed immediately after the cutting. The investigation showed that ‘Bila’ had the strongest negative impact on the share of sown lawn grass cultivars (sensitivity to the biomass of the same cultivar remaining after cutting). The smallest share of other, unsown grass species in objects where the cut biomass remained was observed in lawns with ‘Nandu’ and, in the case of dicotyledons – with ‘Bila’. The biomass left on the lawn surface after cutting did not have a significant influence on the overwinter survival of the plants. The negative impact of P. pratensis biomass, both on the sown cultivars and other groups of plants, can indicate its allelopathic properties. Therefore, the grass of this species should not be left on the lawn after cutting. The aboveground biomass cut and left on the lawn surface was shown to have a clearly varied influence on the soil pH: in the case of the ‘Ani’ and ‘Bila’ cultivars, the influence was unequivocally negative. In addition, the biomass of these cultivars did not result in significantly increased levels of assimilable forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the soil.
Reakcja kiłotolerancyjnych odmian rzepaku ozimego na zróżnicowaną ilość wysiewu nasion
Authors: JARECKI WACŁAW , BOBRECKA-JAMRO DOROTA 
Published: January 2020

Celem badań było porównanie plonowania trzech odmian rzepaku ozimego (‘SY Alister F1’, ‘Mentor F1’, ‘Mendelson F1’) wysianych w różnej gęstości (40 i 60 nasion ∙ m–2). Ścisłe doświadczenie polowe zlokalizowano na polu Podkarpackiego Ośrodka Doradztwa Rolniczego w Boguchwale. Zwiększenie ilości wysiewu z 40 do 60 nasion · m–2 skutkowało wzrostem obsady roślin na jednostce powierzchni, ale spadkiem liczby łuszczyn na roślinie, liczby nasion w łuszczynie i MTN. Czynniki doświadczenia nie wpływały istotnie na średni plon nasion i wydajność tłuszczu z hektara. Rośliny odmiany ‘Mentor F1’ odznaczyły się dobrą zimotrwałością, ale zawiązały najmniej łuszczyn. Odmiana ‘SY Alister F1’ miała lepsze wschody niż odmiana ‘Mentor F1’ oraz większą zawartość tłuszczu surowego w nasionach w porównaniu z odmianą ‘Mendelson F1’.
Slovak natural zeolites as a suitable medium for antibiotics elimination from wastewater
Authors: Szabová Petra , Plekancová Michaela , Gróf Nikolas , Bodík Igor 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are one of the most used compounds present in various environmental compartments. Due to their high consumption and possible unhealthy effect on ecosystems, pharmaceuticals have been identified as “emerging organic contaminants”. Since these compounds have medium to high polarity, they end up in the water compartment after being used. This work deals with the sorption of three pharmaceutical substances from the therapeutic group of antibiotics. Specifically we have focused on Azithromycin, Clarithromycin and Erythromycin. Three fractions of the natural Slovak zeolites (200 μm, 0.5—1 mm and 1.5—2 mm) were used as the sorption medium. Experimental results have proven very effective sorption of antibiotics by zeolites. Azithromycin removal of over 99 % for all three zeolite fractions from wastewater treatment plant Stupava and wastewater treatment plant Devínska Nová Ves was achieved. Clarithromycin removal of 79 % for fraction 1—2.5 mm, 87.3 % for fraction 0.5—1 mm and of 99.8 % for fraction 200 μm from the effluent of wastewater treatment plant Stupava was observed. Erythromycin removal of 31.3 % for fraction 1—2.5 mm, 66.9 % for fraction 0.5—1mm and of 94.7 % for fraction 200 μm from effluent of wastewater treatment plant Stupava was measured. More than 95 % of Clarithromycin and Erythromycin were eliminated from the effluent of wastewater treatment plant Devínska Nová Ves. The highest elimination percentage was observed for the smallest zeolite fraction due to the highest specific surface area.
Metric space method for constructing splitting partitions of graphs
Authors: Szabó Sándor 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In an earlier work [6] the concept of splitting partition of a graph was introduced in connection with the maximum clique problem. A splitting partition of a graph can be used to replace the graph by two smaller graphs in the course of a clique search algorithm. In other words splitting partitions can serve as a branching rule in an algorithm to compute the clique number of a given graph. In the paper we revisit this branching idea. We will describe a technique to construct not necessary optimal splitting partitions. The given graph can be viewed as a metric space and the geometry of this space plays a guiding role. In order to assess the performance of the procedure we carried out numerical experiments.
Heuristic method to determine lucky k-polynomials for k-colorable graphs
Authors: Kok Johan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The existence of edges is a huge challenge with regards to determining lucky k-polynomials of simple connected graphs in general. In this paper the lucky 3-polynomials of path and cycle graphs of order, 3 ≤ n ≤ 8 are presented as the basis for the heuristic method to determine the lucky k-polynomials for k-colorable graphs. The difficulty of adjacency with graphs is illustrated through these elementary graph structures. The results are also illustratively compared with the results for null graphs (edgeless graphs). The paper could serve as a basis for finding recurrence results through innovative methodology.
Time and Space in Between: Time Zones, Languages, and Cultures in Transcarpathia (Ukraine)
Authors: Csernicskó István , Fedinec Csilla 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, based on the data of a sociological research and the analysis of the linguistic landscapes of six Transcarpathian cities, we have illustrated that in Transcarpathia a significant part of the population – regardless of ethnicity – live their lives not according to the official “Kyiv time” (EET; UTC+2) but according to the “local time” (CET; UTC+1). Even the names of the two times are distinguished in the local language use in Ukrainian, Hungarian, and Russian languages alike. The difference between official central time and “local time” appeared in Transcarpathia when the region became annexed to the Soviet Union. Yet, before the Second World War, each state in the region used CET. The Soviet power introduced Moscow time zone (MSK; UTC+3) of two hours ahead. The distinction between “local time” and central time was maintained when Transcarpathia became part of the newly independent Ukraine. The population in the region was urged to use a different time zone for a relatively short time from a historical point of view. The persistence of “local time” is also strengthened by the fact that it contributes to the image of Transcarpathia as a particular, specific region of Ukraine.
Linguistic Identities in the Digital Space
Authors: Biró Enikő 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWithin the digital world, new multilingual contacts appeared, which led to a more multilingual Web and enabled local and global participation that assert new identities (Lenihan and Kelly-Holmes 2017). For multilingual people, language choice and code-switching serves as a means for users to perform a specific image of cultural or personal identity and signal their affiliation with a particular community. The paper analyses digital multilingual practices of bilingual (Hungarian-Romanian) university students in Romania. The data consists of students’ public Facebook profiles, examining language choice, code-switching, and hybrid practices. My research question refers to how their linguistic identity is constructed in their online communicative practices. Multilingual practices in the social media are not necessarily connected to language competences in a traditional sense and may serve as a space for resolving conflicting linguistic identities. In my data, students use their diverse linguistic and semiotic resources in varying ways to express and build their online identity, relying on the multimodal affordances of the digital world. Online multilingual practices rely on the speaker’s complete language repertoire, but they do not necessarily depend on language proficiency.
Hybridity in Japanese Advertising Discourse
Authors: Birlea Oana-Maria 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to reveal the impact of cultural exchange on Japanese advertising discourse construction perpetuated through the idea of prestige. This phenomenon can be explained through the concept ofmukokuseki(Jap. 無国籍) ‘lack of nationality’, a term which encompasses the idea of transculturality in Asia. In the context of globalization, erasing the identity or any sort of national mark enhances the absorption and integration of foreign elements and leads to reconsidering aesthetic communication. Japanese advertising discourse is based more on emotional reactions rather than cognitive ones, and this can be noticed through the extensive use ofkawaii‘cute’ symbolism. Considering that the idea encompassed by the concept of “cute” is present in any culture, and its effects are more or less the same, by freeing it from any cultural or societal restraints (mukokuseki), it becomes an intermediary space where traditional, national elements can overlap foreign ones without damaging the essence of the discourse, but on the contrary. Interculturality and inbetweenness manifests not only at the visual level but also at the linguistic level through hybrid language use: the coexistence ofgairaigo(loan words) alongwago(words deriving from Japanese) andkango(words deriving from Chinese). According to several studies,gairaigoandwasei-eigo(Japanglish, English words coined in Japan) create a special effect and often serve as euphemisms. Thus, we have selected three Japanese print adverts (displayed between 2000 and 2012) in order to explain the phenomenon by focusing on their sociolinguistic function and their impact on discourse construction. Advertising discourse has surpassed its primary economic function and has come to be a statement of the global world.
Deconstructing Language Borders through the Hybrid. A Topical Approach to Margaret Atwood’s Dark Lady
Authors: Muthu Liana 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Starting from the premise that cultures assume myriads of foreign elements, alterities, and differences, this paper analyses a phenomenon that becomes a conscious and an intentional one, namely language hybridity. Our purpose is to give thoughtful attention to certain instances of hybridity perceived at the syntactic, semantic, and lexical levels. Since language users make their choice in any situational context, we witness a great degree of linguistic blending: e. g. the borrowing of words and phrases becomes tied to new ways of making meaning. Additionally, we face a dynamic increase of mixed language registers, styles, and voices that form a complex linguistic repertoire in a literary work. For exemplification, we will analyse Margaret Atwood’s experimentations across genre and linguistic boundaries encountered in her short story Dark Lady, integral part of the short fiction collection Stone Mattress. Nine Wicked Tales (2014). This narrative is characterized by a mixture of heterogeneous elements: hybrid phrases created as a result of borrowing words, elevated language (sprinkled with widely known Latin sayings), and alteration of idioms by one-word substitution. Hybridity becomes a way through which Margaret Atwood deconstructs language borders. In Dark Lady, the Canadian writer shows that hybridity stimulates innovation since the individual is allowed to move freely between spaces of meaning.
RFID Antenna for UHF Band
Authors: Crișan Nicolae 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a method to increase the detection range for RFID readers in the UHF radio band. The design is following especially the ISO 18000-6C standardization demands for the UHF band, operating from 865 to 868 MHz in Europe and from 902 to 928 MHz in North America. These regulations are allowing the RFID tags to operate near the metallic surfaces and in a wider range than its counterparts at lower frequencies. The paper highlights the advantages offered by the array antenna, especially by the beamforming to increase the reader surveillance zone. The paper describes some additional techniques that are allowing the usage of the circular polarization to increase the reader sensing range and to improuve detection. The design starts with simulation and optimization using HFSS and ends with the measurements that validate the simulation results.