bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La gestión de la diversidad en el aula de EL/2: la enseñanza a solicitantes de asilo en el programa de protección internacional
Authors: Ruiz Herrero Juan 
Published: January 2020

La diversidad en todos los planos constituye el rasgo más destacable de las aulas de español como segunda lengua que se imparten dentro del programa estatal de Protección Internacional, dirigido a solicitantes de asilo. La presente contribución propone una reflexión acerca de cuatro puntos relacionados, a saber, la existencia de diferentes conocimientos del mundo, la importancia de la dimensión intercultural, el trabajo con personas que presentan grados variables de exposición previa a realidades académicas y la disparidad de ritmos y horizontes de desarrollo.

Diversity in a whole array of levels appears as the main feature of the classsroom of Spanish as a second language within the framework of the national program of International Protection, which is intended for asylum seekers in Spain. The present article offers a reflexion on four points related to said diversity, namely, the existence of different knowledges of the world, the importance of intercultural dimension, the work with students which present contrasting degrees of previous exposition to academic realities and learning ryhthms and development disparity.

diversidad interculturalidad asilo migraciones
«Y uno podría pensar: …». Aproximación al discurso directo de pensamiento en el aula de E/LE a través de corpus conversacionales de nativos y de aprendices de español
Authors: Navarro Ciurana David 
Published: January 2020

El discurso directo de pensamiento engloba todas aquellas citas que son reproducidas en la conversación y que se refieren a pensamientos no oralizados. Sin embargo, a pesar de su frecuencia en el español coloquial, no suele incluirse en los manuales de E/LE. En este artículo, se comparan dos corpus de conversaciones coloquiales, uno de nativos y otro de aprendices de español con un nivel aproximado B2. El objetivo es analizar qué similitudes y diferencias presentan la forma y las funciones pragmáticas del discurso directo de pensamiento en ambos corpus. El estudio de ambos corpus demuestra que, si bien la forma de aparición y frecuencia son similares, los aprendices de español del corpus no registran la atenuación a través de la impersonalización, por lo que se plantea su inclusión en el aula de E/LE a través de una propuesta didáctica.
El Pueblo de los idiomas (das Sprachdorf): un recurso metodológico basado en realia para desarrollar la competencia comunicativa
Authors: Córcoles Molina Tomás 
Published: January 2020

Resumen: En este artículo se presenta un recurso metodológico conocido en alemán como Sprachdorf que permite desarrollar la competencia comunicativa de nuestros alumnos a través de interacciones orales contextualizadas e integrar el aprendizaje de contenidos léxicos, gramaticales, pragmáticos y culturales. Este tipo de proyecto se está llevando a cabo en Alemania y Países Bajos, pero posee una larga tradición desde finales del siglo XIX basada en el concepto de realia. Su implementación en centros de secundaria puede solucionar el problema de falta de prácticas orales y ayudar a ofrecer una visión significativa de la adquisición de lenguas extranjeras.
Palabras clave: realia, competencia comunicativa, ASL, interacción oral, contexto, aprendizaje significativo, aprendizaje cooperativo
Abstract: This paper introduces a methodological resource known as Sprachdorf in German, which allows students to develop their communicative competence through contextualized oral interactions and to integrate lexical, grammatical, pragmatic and cultural contents. This kind of project is being carried out in Germany and The Netherlands, but it finds its roots at the end of the nineteenth century based on the concept of realia. If Sprachdorf is implemented in secondary schools, it could provide a solution for the lack of oral exercises in class and a meaningful perspective of second-language acquisition.
Keywords: realia, communicative competence, SLA, oral interaction, context, meaningful learning, cooperative learning
Algunos procedimientos de cohesión textual para mejorar las estrategias comunicativas del discurso oral
Authors: Paulo Selvi Isabel Amparo 
Published: January 2020

La dificultad de la destreza de la expresión oral se debe a causas emocionales, cognitivas, didácticas y lingüísticas. Diferentes trabajos se han orientado hacia la oralidad, quizás, porque el estudio del habla funciona como una forma dinámica de comunicación; sin embargo, el prestigio de la lengua escrita y el desconocimiento de la lengua oral han tenido efectos perniciosos con modelos artificiales para la enseñanza de ELE.
La propuesta se centra en trabajar algunos procedimientos de cohesión textual con la intención de mejorar las estrategias comunicativas del discurso oral. Se trata de elaborar una secuencia pedagógica donde se expone una muestra de lengua contextualizada en la que aparecen los contenidos que se desean que los alumnos aprehendan, se plantean actividades y se reflexiona a través de un discurso modalizado cercano al mundo referencial del discente.
Alteration of the gut microbiota associated with childhood obesity by 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Authors: Chen Xiaowei , Sun Haixiang , Jiang Fei , Shen Yan , Li Xin , Hu Xueju , Shen Xiaobing , Wei Pingmin 
Published: January 2020

Background
Obesity is a global epidemic in the industrialized and developing world, and many children suffer from obesity-related complications. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might have significant effect on the development of obesity. The microbiota continues to develop through childhood and thus childhood may be the prime time for microbiota interventions to realize health promotion or disease prevention. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the structure and function of pediatric gut microbiota.

Methods
According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, twenty-three normal weight and twenty-eight obese children were recruited from Nanjing, China. Genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples. The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR, and sequencing was applied to analyze the gut microbiota diversity and composition using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform.

Results
The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed a decrease in the diversity of gut microbiota with increasing body weight. The alpha diversity indices showed that the normal weight group had higher abundance and observed species than the obese group (Chao1: P < 0.001; observed species: P < 0.001; PD whole tree: P < 0.001; Shannon index: P = 0.008). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed significant differences in gut microbial community structure between the normal weight group and the obese group. The liner discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that fifty-five species of bacteria were abundant in the fecal samples of the normal weight group and forty-five species of bacteria were abundant in the obese group. In regard to phyla, the gut microbiota in the obese group had lower proportions of Bacteroidetes (51.35%) compared to the normal weight group (55.48%) (P = 0.030). There was no statistical difference in Firmicutes between the two groups (P = 0.436), and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes between the two groups had no statistical difference (P = 0.983). At the genus level, Faecalibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospira, Megamonas, and Haemophilus were significantly more abundant in the obese group than in the normal weight group (P = 0.048, P = 0.018, P < 0.001, P = 0.040, and P = 0.003, respectively). The fecal microbiota of children in the obese group had lower proportions of Oscillospira and Dialister compared to the normal weight group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002, respectively).

Conclusions
Our results showed a decrease in gut microbiota abundance and diversity as the BMI increased. Variations in the bacterial community structure were associated with obesity. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might play a crucial part in the development of obesity in Chinese children.
New insights into human hair: SAXS, SEM, TEM and EDX for Alopecia Areata investigations
Authors: Coroaba Adina , Chiriac Anca E. , Sacarescu Liviu , Pinteala Tudor , Minea Bogdan , Ibanescu Sorin-Alexandru , Pertea Mihaela , Moraru Aurelian , Esanu Irina , Maier Stelian S. , Chiriac Anca , Pinteala Mariana 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease and affects up to 2% of the population. There is a need for a more profound and rigorous understanding of the structure and composition of human hair affected by AA in order to manage this disease. The aim of this article is to understand the effects of AA on the structure and composition of human hair.MethodsSeveral physico-chemical investigation methods, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and microbeam Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), were used to analyze human hair samples obtained from healthy donors and patients with AA.ResultsSEM revealed more severe hair surface defects for the white regrown hair (W-AA) samples. TEM showed the presence of air-like vesicles located in the endocuticle of regrown hair. Analysis of ultrathin sections of W-AA showed the existence of empty vesicles and smaller melanin granules compared to control samples. SAXS demonstrated that unaffected hair of patients with AA (B-AA) and W-AA melanin aggregates are different in their sizes and shapes compared to the control samples. EDX data showed that W-AA elemental composition was significantly different from the other sample groups. Our study showcases promising non-invasive techniques for a better and more accurate understanding of changes in the internal structure and composition of hair affected by AA.
Employability Skills of Unaccompanied Immigrant Minors in Canary Islands
Authors: Alonso-Bello Estefanía , Santana-Vega Lidia E , Feliciano-García Luis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Young unaccompanied immigrants have various problems in their professional careers which lead to situations of exclusion and hinder their emancipation. The development and consolidation of employment skills is a necessary condition for the labour integration of this group. This research analyzes the employability skills of unaccompanied young immigrants who must leave the public social protection system when they reach the age of majority. A multiple case study was conducted. The cases were selected: 1) having been in residential care institutions, 2) having been in a job placement program, and 3) are 16–18 years of age. The study data were collected using qualitative and quantitative techniques. Results show that young immigrants have: a) language and socio-emotional difficulties that limit their chances of employability; b) some employability skills that facilitate labour insertion, and c) families which act as a powerful motivator for achieving their goals. We discuss the need to design individual transition plans to help young immigrants overcome their limitations, cope with the transition to adulthood and consolidate their career paths.
Perceptions of Compulsory Education Teachers About Cultural Diversity: A Study in the City of Messina
Authors: López López María Carmen , La Malfa Stefania 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ensuring inclusive education, which is one of the priorities of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, is not possible without teachers. Teachers’ perceptions influence the way they organise and develop their professional activity and the commitment they ultimately give to cultural diversity in educational practice. In this paper, we study the perceptions about cultural diversity which are held by teachers working in compulsory education with Roma students in the Italian city of Messina. The study involved 182 teachers from four educational centres for primary education and the first grade of secondary education. It is a quantitative descriptive study in which a questionnaire has been used as the instrument to collect information. The results obtained highlight, among other issues, the fact that the teachers who were involved in the study favour theoretical and practical perspectives which encourage cultural diversity. In addition, they reveal that there are significant differences in teachers’ perceptions according to the educational level they teach.
Student Voice and Participation in Intercultural Education
Authors: Caetano Ana Paula , Pimenta Freire Isabel , Biscaia Machado Elsa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a multi-case study in the field of intercultural education and it refers to a project named “Voice of children and young people in the development of intercultural education”. The cases are critical action-research projects developed with three groups of middle and high school students. They participated in dialogic processes and shared leadership with their teachers. They co-designed projects, debated and became aware of critical issues related to cultural diversity in their educational communities. The purpose of the research is to analyze participatory processes and associated changes in relation to intercultural education and students’ voice frameworks. Personal changes of the students, such as self-awareness and attention to others and to relationships, and group changes such as cohesion, were underlined, as well as changes extended to other actors —teachers, other students, staff, tutors, and other members of the community— creating collaborative relationships, solidarity, and mutual recognition. There were visible changes during the most active period in which projects were held, but sometimes impacts still endured and deepened afterwards. This stresses the relevance of youngsters’ participatory projects engaged in intercultural processes and change.
Does Mathematical Anxiety Differ Cross-Culturally?
Authors: Brown Jennifer L. , Ortiz-Padilla Myriam , Soto-Varela Roberto 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Mathematics constitutes a foundation in the training of engineering students because their competence in this reasoning will be utilised as a tool for the resolution of real problems when inserted in the productive sector and throughout their professional life. The purpose of this causal comparative research study was to determine the difference in learning math anxiety and math evaluation anxiety for engineering students at two universities with different cultural backgrounds. The sample included 20 engineering students from the south-eastern United States and 88 engineering students from Colombia. The English and Spanish version of the AMAS, which contained nine items was divided into two subscales, used to collect data. A series of two-way factorial ANOVAs were conducted to answer the research questions that are related to cultural background, gender and the interaction effect between cultural group and gender. The results indicated there was a statistically significant difference in learning maths anxiety when comparing the two cultures.
Economic Analysis of Irish Potato (Solanum tuberusum) Marketing in Metropolitan Markets of Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Umoffia U. E. , Iroegbute U. K. , Barnabas T. M. , Nandi J. A. , Akeweta J. N. 
Published: January 2020

Aims: This paper evaluates the economic analysis of Irish Potato (Solanum tuberosum) marketing in the metropolitan markets of Bauchi State.
Study Design: A sample random sampling technique was used in selecting eighty (80) respondents (30 wholesalers and 50 retailers).
Place and Duration of Study: The study was done at Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Methodology: Questionnaire was used to collect data on the socio-economic characteristics of the marketers and other information on cost/return from the respondents. It was however complemented with oral interviews.
Results: The results shows that the enterprise is a profitable venture in the metropolitan markets of Bauchi with a Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of (1.84) Yelwa Tudu market compared to other markets, while acquisition cost constitutes the highest proportion of the total cost of marketing potato. The majority of the marketers were female (57.75%) with 70% of the total respondents falling within the age bracket of 30-50 years. Majority of the marketers had a marketing experience of 1-10 years (58.73%). Also 70% of the marketers were married and 57% started their business with personal savings.
Conclusion: The present study identified different challenges in Irish potatoes production and marketing in Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Prospects of Integrated Application of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaf Extract, NPK Fertilizer and Poultry Manure on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Production
Authors: Aluko Mattew 
Published: January 2020

A field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of integrated application of moringa leaf extract (Maringa oleifera), poultry manure, and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer on the growth and yield attributes of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria during 2018 cropping season. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates. The treatments included; Poultry manure (PM), Moringa leaf (ML), NPK fertilizer (NPKF), NPK fertilizer + Moringa leaf (ML+ NPKF), poultry manure and Moringa leaf (ML+PM), and control (C). At 2 weeks after planting (WAP), PM, NPKF, and ML+PM gave okra plant height of 3.74 cm, 3.98 cmand 3.82 cm, respectively, which were higher than 2.7 cm for C. While ML gave the highest plant height of 4.05 cm, which was higher than other treatments. Of all the treatments, ML+PM gave the highest fruit weight of 1.343 t/ha and differed (P < 0.05) from the rest of other treatments; while C had the least fruit weight of0.199 t/ha. ML+PM, NPKF, and ML+ NPKF gave total fruit number per plant of 47, 44 and 36 respectively, which differed (P < 0.05) to other treatment and the C gave the least fruit number of 15.67 per plant. The results showed that the application of PM+ML improved the growth and yield of okra, hence poultry manure and moringa leaf should be used instead of NPK fertilizer, which can also lower the cost of production.
A technique to reduce skin toxicity in radiotherapy treatment planning for esophageal cancer
Authors: Yang Wanfu , Yang Zhihua , Zhao Ting , Ding Wei , Kong Wei , Wang Pan , Ye Hongqiang , Zhang Zixin , Shang Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate a specific skin dose limiting technique in radiotherapy treatment planning for esophageal cancer and carry out a comparative analysis combining with clinical cases.Material and methodsThirty patients with cervical and upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma previously treated in our institution were selected. A treatment plan had been finished previously according to the planning parameters directives from physician and delivered for each patient. In this study, we copied the previously delivered plans in radiotherapy treatment planning system and converted a low dose level (usually 5Gy) to a skin dose limiting structure (SDLS), then we set the objective functions of the SDLS in the Pinnacle Inverse Planning module and re‐optimize the plans to reduce the skin doses. Finally, we compared the dose distribution and other parameters of target volume and organs at risk (OARs) between the old plans and the new plans.ResultsThere was no significant difference in most of OARs sparing. However, for all plans, the maximum dose to the SDLS decreased from 6145.90 ± 416.96 cGy to 5562.09 ± 616.69 cGy with maximum difference of 1361.30 cGy (P < 0.05), the percentage volume of 40Gy received by the SDLS decreased from (10.20 ± 6.36)% to (5.46 ± 4084)% with maximum difference of 9.89% (P < 0.05). For the target volume, there was no significant difference in the average dose and maximum dose, the approximate minimum dose to the target volume decreased from 5711.28 ± 164.61 cGy to 5584.93 ± 157.70 cGy (P < 0.05), the conformal index and homogeneity index of the target volume were hardly changed.ConclusionIn radiotherapy treatment planning for esophageal cancer patients, the skin dose can be significantly reduced using the skin dose limiting technique, and the impact on the dose to target volume and OARs is little, this technique can be used in most radiotherapy treatment planning.
The influence of alcohol and weapon presence on eyewitness memory and confidence
Authors: Harvey Alistair J. , Shrimpton Braden , Azzopardi Zoe , O'Grady Katherine , Hicks Emily , Hirst Emily , Atkinson‐Cox Keenan 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn this quasi‐experimental field study, bar drinkers (0.00–0.23% blood alcohol content) viewed a photographic sequence in which a male took a laptop from a helpdesk assistant, either on loan or at gunpoint. Following a brief retention period, participants answered 20 multiple‐choice questions about the male, his actions, and details of the scene, then attempted to identify him from a simultaneous target‐present or target‐absent line‐up. Alcohol was associated with a reduction in correct identifications and an increase in false identifications. Surprisingly, the presence of a weapon in the scene enhanced identification accuracy, though wider scene memory was not influenced by alcohol or the weapon. Findings offer some support for the view that alcohol restricts face encoding, perhaps through the narrowing of attention to salient external features (e.g., hair). We also suggest that curiosity about mock‐crime perpetrators may produce weapon focus reversals, although the factors that might elicit such curiosity remain unclear.
Enantioselective Michael Addition Reaction Catalysed by Enantiopure Binuclear Nickel(II) Close‐Ended Helicates
Authors: Chinnaraja Eswaran , Arunachalam Rajendran , Samanta Krishanu , Natarajan Ramalingam , Subramanian Palani S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe enantiopure Ni(II) helicates [Ni2L1RR.Cl2] (1), [Ni2L1SS.Cl2] (1′), [Ni2L2RR.Cl2] (2), [Ni2L2SS.Cl2] (2′) were synthesized by one‐pot self‐assembly technique from R‐(+)‐ or S‐(−)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamine, with 4‐methyl‐2,6‐diformyl phenol or 4‐tert‐butyl‐2,6‐diformyl phenol and nickel salts. This binuclear double stranded Ni(II) helicates were characterized by ESI‐MS, IR and single crystal X‐ray structure wherever applicable. The extensive chiroptical studies suggest that the complexes are enantiopure in nature. The chirality transfer from ligand L1RR & L2RR to Ni(II) metal centre produced ΔΔ geometrical chirality, while their enantiomeric counterpart L1SS & L2SS produced ΛΛ chirality in their respective complexes.These enantiopure helicates were applied as catalysts in asymmetric Michael addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with β‐nitrostyrene to produce nitroalkanes in good yield (96–98%) and ee (78–94%).magnified image
Dinitrogen Activation by Tricoordinated Boron Species: A Systematic Design
Authors: Rouf Alvi Muhammad , Dai Chenshu , Xu Fangzhou , Zhu Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMolecular nitrogen (N2), an abundant component of the atmosphere, is appealing for industrial value‐added products. However, its intrinsic inertness limits its activation to mainly metallic species. Environmental concerns and harsh reaction conditions have resulted in a demand for alternate nonmetallic and nontoxic routes to activate and functionalize N2 at ambient conditions. Comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed on N2 activation by boron species, specifically for the experimentally more accessible tricoordinated boron compounds. Subsequently designed frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) combining screened N‐heterocyclic carbene with boron moieties can make N2 activation both kinetically and thermodynamically favorable, displaying high potential for metal‐free N2 activation. The significant thermodynamic stability of the products stabilized by aromaticity and low activation barriers could be a breakthrough for the development of FLP chemistry on metal‐free N2 activation.