bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Afucosylated immunoglobulin G responses are a hallmark of enveloped virus infections and show an exacerbated phenotype in COVID-19
Authors: Larsen Mads Delbo , de Graaf Erik L. , Sonneveld Myrthe E. , Plomp H. Rosina , Linty Federica , Visser Remco , Brinkhaus Maximilian , Šuštić Tonći , de Taeye Steven W. , Bentlage Arthur E.H. , Nouta Jan , Natunen Suvi , Koeleman Carolien A. M. , Sainio Susanna , Kootstra Neeltje A. , Brouwer Philip J.M. , Sanders Rogier W. , van Gils Marit J. , de Bruin Sanne , Vlaar Alexander P.J. ,   Amsterdam UMC COVID-19 biobank study group, Zaaijer Hans L. , Wuhrer Manfred , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Vidarsson Gestur 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIgG antibodies are crucial for protection against invading pathogens. A highly conserved N-linked glycan within the IgG-Fc-tail, essential for IgG function, shows variable composition in humans. Afucosylated IgG variants are already used in anti-cancer therapeutic antibodies for their elevated binding and killing activity through Fc receptors (FcγRIIIa). Here, we report that afucosylated IgG which are of minor abundance in humans (∼6% of total IgG) are specifically formed against surface epitopes of enveloped viruses after natural infections or immunization with attenuated viruses, while protein subunit immunization does not elicit this low fucose response. This can give beneficial strong responses, but can also go awry, resulting in a cytokine-storm and immune-mediated pathologies. In the case of COVID-19, the critically ill show aggravated afucosylated-IgG responses against the viral spike protein. In contrast, those clearing the infection unaided show higher fucosylation levels of the anti-spike protein IgG. Our findings indicate antibody glycosylation as a potential factor in inflammation and protection in enveloped virus infections including COVID-19.
C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway activation is essential for dental papilla cells polarization
Authors: Luo Jiao , Tan Xiujun , Ye Ling , Wang Chenglin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring tooth development, dental papilla cells could develop into odontoblasts with polarized morphology and cell function, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling could participate in this process. Histological staining, qPCR and Western Blot shown that activation of JNK signaling in polarized mouse dental papilla tissue.In vitrocell culture and organ culture method found JNK inhibitor SP600125 postponed tooth germ development and reduced the polarization, migration and differentiation of mouse dental papilla cells (mDPCs)in vitro. The expression of polarity-related genes including Prickle3, Golga2, Golga5 and RhoA was consistent with JNK signaling activation, by screening of up-regulated polarity-related genes during the process of dental papilla development and mDPCs or A11 differentiation. Further, constitutively active RhoA mutant (RhoA Q63L) partly rescue the inhibition of SP600125 on cell differentiation and polarity formation of mDPCs. This study suggests that JNK signaling has a positive role in dental papilla cells polarization formation.
Characterization of Stanniocalcin-1 Expression in Macrophage Differentiation
Authors: Leung Cherry CT , Wong Chris KC 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHuman stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is a paracrine factor associated with inflammation and carcinogenesis. The role of STC1 in the pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of differentiating macrophage, however, is not clear. In this study, our data showed that PMA treatment induced human leukemia monocytic cells (ThP-1) differentiation to M0 macrophages. The differentiation was accompanied by a significant increase of mRNA expression levels of STC1, the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα, and anti-inflammatory markers, CD163 & CD206. An intermitted removal of PMA treatment reduced the mRNA levels of STC1 and TNFα but had no noticeable effects on the anti-inflammatory markers. The correlation in the expression of STC1 and pro-inflammatory markers in differentiating macrophages was investigated, using siRNASTC1-transfected PMA-induced cells. Consistently, the transcripts levels of TNFα and IL-6 were significantly reduced. Moreover, LPS/IFNγ-induced M1-polarization showed remarkably higher expression levels of STC1 than IL-4/IL-13-induced M2-macrophages and PMA-induced M0-macrophages. Transcriptomic analysis of siRNASTC1-transfected M1-polarized cells revealed an upregulation of TBC1 domain family member 3 (TBC1D3G). The gene regulates the payload of macrophage-released extracellular vesicles to mediate inflammation. The conditioned media from siRNASTC1-transfected M1-polarized cells were found to reduce Hep3B cell motility. The data suggest that the expression of STC1 were associated with macrophage differentiation, but preferentially to M1 polarization.
Structural basis for translational shutdown and immune evasion by the Nsp1 protein of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Thoms Matthias , Buschauer Robert , Ameismeier Michael , Koepke Lennart , Denk Timo , Hirschenberger Maximilian , Kratzat Hanna , Hayn Manuel , Mackens-Kiani Timur , Cheng Jingdong , Stürzel Christina M. , Fröhlich Thomas , Berninghausen Otto , Becker Thomas , Kirchhoff Frank , Sparrer Konstantin M.J. , Beckmann Roland 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the current COVID-19 pandemic. A major virulence factor of SARS-CoVs is the nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1) which suppresses host gene expression by ribosome association via an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that Nsp1 from SARS-CoV-2 binds to 40S and 80S ribosomes, resulting in shutdown of capped mRNA translation bothin vitroand in cells. Structural analysis by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) ofin vitroreconstituted Nsp1-40S and of native human Nsp1-ribosome complexes revealed that the Nsp1 C-terminus binds to and obstructs the mRNA entry tunnel. Thereby, Nsp1 effectively blocks RIG-I-dependent innate immune responses that would otherwise facilitate clearance of the infection. Thus, the structural characterization of the inhibitory mechanism of Nsp1 may aid structure-based drug design against SARS-CoV-2.
Cell type-specific effects of isoflurane on two distinct afferent inputs to cortical layer 1
Authors: Murphy Caitlin A. , Banks Matthew I. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhile their behavioral effects are well-characterized, the mechanisms by which anaesthetics induce loss of consciousness are largely unknown. Anaesthetics may disrupt integration and propagation of information in corticothalamic networks. Recent studies have shown that isoflurane diminishes synaptic responses of thalamocortical (TC) and corticocortical (CC) afferents in a pathway-specific manner. However, whether the synaptic effects of isoflurane observed in extracellular recordings persist at the cellular level has yet to be explored.MethodsHere, we activate TC and CC layer 1 inputs in non-primary mouse neocortex inex vivobrain slices and explore the degree to which isoflurane modulates synaptic responses in pyramidal cells and in two inhibitory cell populations, somatostatin-positive (SOM+) and parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons.ResultsWe show that the effects of isoflurane on synaptic responses and intrinsic properties of these cells varies among cell type and by cortical layer. Layer 1 inputs to L4 pyramidal cells were suppressed by isoflurane at both TC and CC synapses, while those to L2/3 pyramidal cells and PV+ interneurons were not. TC inputs to SOM+ cells were rarely observed at all, while CC inputs to SOM+ interneurons were robustly suppressed by isoflurane.ConclusionsThese results suggest a mechanism by which isoflurane disrupts integration and propagation of thalamocortical and intracortical signals.
Solid/liquid-interface-dependent synthesis and immobilization of copper-based particles nucleated by X-ray-radiolysis-induced photochemical reaction
Authors: Yamaguchi Akinobu , Sakurai Ikuya , Okada Ikuo , Izumi Hirokazu , Ishihara Mari , Fukuoka Takao , Suzuki Satoru , Utsumi Yuichi 
Published: May 2020

X-ray-radiolysis-induced photochemical reaction of a liquid solution enables the direct synthesis and immobilization of nano/micro-scale particles and their aggregates onto a desired area. As is well known, the synthesis, growth and aggregation are dependent on the pH, additives and X-ray irradiation conditions. In this study, it was found that the topography and composition of synthesized particles are also dependent on the types of substrate dipped in an aqueous solution of Cu(COOCH3)2 in the X-ray-radiolysis-induced photochemical reaction. These results are attributed to the fact that a secondary electron induced by the X-ray irradiation, surface or interface on which the particles are nucleated and grown influences the particle shape and composition. This study will shed light on understanding a novel photochemical reaction route induced under X-ray irradiation. The development of this process using the X-ray-radiolysis-induced photochemical reaction in aqueous liquids enables us to achieve the rapid and easy operation of the synthesis, growth and immobilization of special nano/micro-scale complex materials or multifunctional composites.
In situ synthesis, crystal structures, topology and photoluminescent properties of poly[di-μ-aqua-diaqua[μ3-4-(1H-tetrazol-1-id-5-yl)benzoato-κ4
O:O,O′:O′′]barium(II)] and poly[μ-aqua-diaqua[μ3-4-(1H-tetrazol-1-id-5-yl)benzoato-κ4
O:O,O′:O′]strontium(II)]
Authors: Bensegueni Mohamed Abdellatif , Cherouana Aouatef , Merazig Hocine 
Published: May 2020

Two alkaline-earth coordination compounds, [Ba(C8H4N4O2)(H2O)4]
n
, (I), and [Sr(C8H4N4O2)(H2O)3]
n
, (II), from the one-pot hydrolysis transformation of benzoyl chloride and the in situ self-assembled [2 + 3] cycloaddition of nitrile are presented. These coordination compounds are prepared by reacting 4-cyanobenzoyl chloride with divalent alkaline-earth salts (BaCl2 and SrCl2) in aqueous solution under hydrothermal conditions. The mononuclear coordination compounds (I) and (II) show the same mode of coordination of the organic ligands. The cohesion of the crystalline structures is provided by hydrogen bonds and π-stacking interactions, thus forming three-dimensional supramolecular networks. The two compounds have a three-dimensional (3,6)-connected topology, and the structural differences between them is in the number of water molecules around the alkaline earth metals. Having the same emission frequencies, the compounds exhibit photoluminescence properties with a downward absorption value from (I) to (II).
Preparation and properties of the anodized film on Fe-Cr-Al alloy surface
Authors: Yang Jialin , Guo Yunting , Zai Wei , Ma Siyuan , Dong Liang , Li Guangyu 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to find a way to improve the surface insulation, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of Fe-Cr-Al electrothermal alloy, exploring the best oxidation condition and analyzing the oxidation mechanism.

Design/methodology/approach
Electrochemical workstation was used for anodic oxidation, and the effect of current density, ethylene glycol concentration and oxidation time on properties of the film were investigated by resistivity test, scanning electron microscope, electrochemical tests (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and mechanical tests, and the oxidation process was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Findings
According to the potential-time curves of anodic oxidation and the analysis of XPS, the whole oxidation process can be divided into four stages. When the current density is 0.8 A/dm2, the ethylene glycol concentration is 10%, and the oxidation time is 60 min, the film has the best corrosion protection, mechanical properties and surface morphology. The resistivity of the samples is about 13 orders magnitude than that of the matrix.

Originality/value
In this paper, a protective electrically insulating film was prepared by anodic oxidation in an alkaline electrolyte solution. The oxidation conditions were optimized and the oxidation mechanism was analyzed.
Propulsive modelling for JT9D-3, JT15D-4C and TF-30 turbofan engines using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Oruc Ridvan , Baklacioglu Tolga 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to create high-accuracy thrust modelling for cruise flight using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, using PSO, new thrust models with high accuracy for the cruise flight stages of Pratt & Whitney JT9D-3, JT15D-4C and TF-30 engines were created. For this aim, real Mach number, flight altitude and thrust values taken from the engine manufacturers were used. In the model, thrust is given as a function of altitude and Mach number. The sensitivity of the results given by the PSO thrust model has been examined using several different error types. Finally, the effect of some PSO parameters on the created models is examined.

Findings
It was observed that the model created predicted real thrust values with high precision.

Practical implications
The PSO thrust model can be used in the trajectory estimates of today’s aircraft with the use of accurate scaling factors. In addition, using the developed PSO thrust model together with a correct aerodynamic model provides more effective management of air traffic flow in air traffic management applications. Combining the PSO model with fuel flow-rate models will significantly increase engine efficiency and performance; thus, making a major contribution to reducing engine emissions.

Originality/value
The originality of this study is that it is the first thrust modelling made with PSO in the literature for turbofan engines. The use of real data in the study and the creation of models for several different turbofan engines are important for the reliability of thrust models.
Detection threshold of chocolate graininess: machine vs human
Authors: De Pelsmaeker Sara , Behra Juliette S. , Gellynck Xavier , Schouteten Joachim J. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeLiterature indicates that those solid chocolate particles cannot be detected by human beings that are smaller than a critical value between 25 and 35 µm. Chocolate containing particles larger than this range is thought to be perceived as grainy. However, there does not seem to be any publication which justifies this threshold. Hence, the main aim of this work is to determine if the threshold at which particles can be detected is indeed 30 µm.Design/methodology/approachThree dark chocolates containing solid particles of expected Dv,90 of 30 µm, 40 µm and 50 µm were produced. Particle Size Distribution (PSD) was determined using static light scattering while hardness and melting behaviour were characterised using a penetration test and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Sensory analyses were performed with a trained panel (n = 9).FindingsPSD analyses indicated that the solid particle Dv,90 of the three chocolates were around 30 µm, 40 µm and 60 µm, respectively. DSC measurements showed no significant difference in melting behaviour between the chocolates. Hardness measurements showed that the “30 µm chocolate” was significantly harder than both the “40 µm chocolate” and the “60 µm chocolate”, while trained panellists found that the graininess of the 60 µm chocolate was significantly higher than that of the 40 µm and 30 µm chocolates.Practical implicationsThese results suggest that particle size detection threshold is higher than 40 µm. Chocolate manufacturers could thus increase the size of the biggest particles from 30 µm to 40 µm, leading to a decrease in production cost.Originality/valueThis is the first study to examine the particle detection limit of chocolate.
Consumer exposure to warmed-over flavour and their attitudes towards the use of natural antioxidants as preservatives in meat and meat products
Authors: Lungu Nobuhle Sharon , Afolayan Anthony Jide , Thomas Ronald Sylvester , Idamokoro Emrobowansan Monday 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe objective of the study was to assess consumer exposure to warmed-over flavour, their eating habits with respect to pre-cooked stored meats, awareness of antioxidants and attitudes towards the use of natural antioxidants as preservatives in meat and meat products.Design/methodology/approachA total of 238 Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) design questionnaires were used to gather information from the University of Fort Hare community in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.FindingsThe majority of the respondents had been exposed to warmed-over flavour before. More than half of the respondents did not know about antioxidants. Respondents were in support of the use of natural antioxidants in meat and meat products.Research limitations/implicationsThe study mainly captured consumer habits based on living arrangements. Age influence could not be extrapolated due to the nature of the population, which was being studied. The population was limited to the University community, which is mainly made up of not so widely spread age groups and more or less similar levels of education. As a result, the findings and conclusions may not be a true reflection of the general public consumers in terms of age, level of education and employment status.Originality/valueThis research presents an original insight into consumer habits concerning the purchasing and storage of pre-cooked meat and meat products. The study revealed that most consumers nowadays prefer ready-to-eat or pre-cooked meat and meat products due to convenience. The warmed-over flavour is common in pre-cooked meats. The findings suggests that the meat industry has to improve the shelf-life of pre-cooked foods such that warmed-over flavour development is delayed to fit into the current consumer habits. In recent years there has been a growing interest in the use of natural antioxidants to improve shelf-life of muscle foods. However, there is a dearth of information on consumer attitudes towards the use of natural antioxidants as preservatives. This study reveals that consumers are willing to try products formulated using natural antioxidants.
Promoting School’s Recovery and Resilience after the Chi-Chi earthquake
Authors: Wang Jieh-Jiuh 
Published: May 2020

PurposeIn the current study, the researchers tracked the steps that were taken (in the past 20 years after the occurrence of the 921 earthquake) to enhance the safety of students and teachers on campus by rebuilding the schools according to higher standards. Additionally, the researchers analyzed the process of school reconstruction in Taiwan after the Chi-Chi earthquake, as well as the resilience of the rebuilt schools.Design/methodology/approachThis paper collected extensive relevant literature to serve as a basis for data analysis. Subsequently, they examined the conditions of selected schools before and after they were affected by the earthquake, as well as the reconstruction process of these schools. The purposive sampling method was also adopted to assemble a unique and representative sample.FindingsThis study concluded a new disaster risk reduction education system in Taiwan, from safe learning facilities, school disaster management and risk reduction and resilience education perspectives. It encouraged school and community collaboration regarding establishing a comprehensive disaster management framework.Originality/valueThe paper kept tracks of how schools recovered and restored after the 921 earthquake based on global disaster management trends and local disaster risk reduction education. It also highlighted the major changes within the school resilience system and the importance of disaster risk reduction education in Taiwan.
Distributed elephant herding optimization for grid-based privacy association rule mining
Authors: Gopagoni Praveen Kumar , S K Mohan Rao 
Published: May 2020

PurposeAssociation rule mining generates the patterns and correlations from the database, which requires large scanning time, and the cost of computation associated with the generation of the rules is quite high. On the other hand, the candidate rules generated using the traditional association rules mining face a huge challenge in terms of time and space, and the process is lengthy. In order to tackle the issues of the existing methods and to render the privacy rules, the paper proposes the grid-based privacy association rule mining.Design/methodology/approachThe primary intention of the research is to design and develop a distributed elephant herding optimization (EHO) for grid-based privacy association rule mining from the database. The proposed method of rule generation is processed as two steps: in the first step, the rules are generated using apriori algorithm, which is the effective association rule mining algorithm. In general, the extraction of the association rules from the input database is based on confidence and support that is replaced with new terms, such as probability-based confidence and holo-entropy. Thus, in the proposed model, the extraction of the association rules is based on probability-based confidence and holo-entropy. In the second step, the generated rules are given to the grid-based privacy rule mining, which produces privacy-dependent rules based on a novel optimization algorithm and grid-based fitness. The novel optimization algorithm is developed by integrating the distributed concept in EHO algorithm.FindingsThe experimentation of the method using the databases taken from the Frequent Itemset Mining Dataset Repository to prove the effectiveness of the distributed grid-based privacy association rule mining includes the retail, chess, T10I4D100K and T40I10D100K databases. The proposed method outperformed the existing methods through offering a higher degree of privacy and utility, and moreover, it is noted that the distributed nature of the association rule mining facilitates the parallel processing and generates the privacy rules without much computational burden. The rate of hiding capacity, the rate of information preservation and rate of the false rules generated for the proposed method are found to be 0.4468, 0.4488 and 0.0654, respectively, which is better compared with the existing rule mining methods.Originality/valueData mining is performed in a distributed manner through the grids that subdivide the input data, and the rules are framed using the apriori-based association mining, which is the modification of the standard apriori with the holo-entropy and probability-based confidence replacing the support and confidence in the standard apriori algorithm. The mined rules do not assure the privacy, and hence, the grid-based privacy rules are employed that utilize the adaptive elephant herding optimization (AEHO) for generating the privacy rules. The AEHO inherits the adaptive nature in the standard EHO, which renders the global optimal solution.