bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spiral Arm, Rotating Structure and Outflow Cavity in Massive Star-Forming Region G23.43−0.18
Authors: Chibueze James O , Ugwu Chukwuebuka J , Hirota Tomoya , Kim Kee-Tae , Liu Tie , Vorster Jakobus M , Kang Ji-hyun , Kim Jungha , Burns Ross A , Sobolev Andrey M , Hwang Jihye , Lee Chang Won , Kim Mi Kyoung , Sugiyama Koichiro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We confirmed the existence of a massive proto-cluster in G23.43−0.18 from our ALMA 1.3 mm continuum and molecular line observations. We resolved the region into 1 main massive protostellar object, G23.43−0.18 A, 1 intermediate mass protostellar object, G23.43−0.18 B, and 3 low mass objects, G23.43−0.18 C1, G23.43−0.18 C2 and G23.43−0.18 C3. A spiral arm structure is observed in G23.43−0.18 B. G23.43−0.18 A 1.3 mm dust continuum emission showed a “butterfly” morphology with clear evidence of the existence of a cavity and bipolar outflow with an inclination angle of 50○. G23.43−0.18 B presents a compact rotating structure, and possibly an inner Keplerian disk, traced with methanol lines and powers a jet revealed by multiple compact emission peaks in CO, indicating episodic ejections every 300 years. The presence of 6.7 GHz methanol masers in G23.43−0.18 A and G23.43−0.18 B are strong indications that both objects host massive protostars and are good sites to test some theories of the early evolutionary phases of massive stars.
CRISPR-Cas12a bends DNA to destabilize base pairs during target interrogation
Authors: Soczek Katarzyna M , Cofsky Joshua C , Tuck Owen T , Shi Honglue , Doudna Jennifer A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
RNA-guided endonucleases are involved in processes ranging from adaptive immunity to site-specific transposition and have revolutionized genome editing. CRISPR-Cas9, -Cas12 and related proteins use guide RNAs to recognize ∼20-nucleotide target sites within genomic DNA by mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. We used structural and biochemical methods to assess early steps in DNA recognition by Cas12a protein-guide RNA complexes. We show here that Cas12a initiates DNA target recognition by bending DNA to induce transient nucleotide flipping that exposes nucleobases for DNA-RNA hybridization. Cryo-EM structural analysis of a trapped Cas12a–RNA–DNA surveillance complex and fluorescence-based conformational probing show that Cas12a-induced DNA helix destabilization enables target discovery and engagement. This mechanism of initial DNA interrogation resembles that of CRISPR-Cas9 despite distinct evolutionary origins and different RNA-DNA hybridization directionality of these enzyme families. Our findings support a model in which RNA-mediated DNA interference begins with local helix distortion by transient CRISPR-Cas protein binding.
Instruction-responsive programmable assemblies with DNA origami block pieces
Authors: Wang Fang , Shi Xiaolong , Chen Xin , Deng Di , Li Sirui , Sun Si , Kou Zheng , Xu Jin , Qiang Xiaoli 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has created a wide variety of nanostructures that provide a reliable platform for nanofabrication and DNA computing. However, constructing programmable finite arrays that allow for easy pre-functionalization remains challenge. We aim to create more standardized and controllable DNA origami components, which could be assembled into finite-scale and more diverse superstructures driven by instruction sets. In this work, we designed and implemented DNA origami building block pieces (DOBPs) with eight mutually independent programmable edges and formulated DNA instructions that tailored such components. This system enables DOBPs to be assembled into one or more specific 2D arrays according to the instruction sets. Theoretically, a two-unit system can generate up to 48 distinct DNA arrays. Importantly, experiments results demonstrated that DOBPs are capable of both deterministic and nondeterministic assemblies. Moreover, after examining the effects of different connection strategies and instruction implementations on the yield of the target structures, we assembled more complex 2D arrays, including limited self-assembly arrays such as ‘square frames’, ‘windmills’ and ‘multiples of 3’ long strips. We also demonstrated examples of Boolean logic gates ‘AND’ and ‘XOR’ computations based on these assembly arrays. The assembly system provides a model nano-structure for the research on controllable finite self-assembly and offers a more integrated approach for the storage and processing of molecular information.
Phenotypic screens identify SCAF1 as critical activator of RNAPII elongation and global transcription
Authors: Bhandare Pranjali , Narain Ashwin , Hofstetter Julia , Rummel Teresa , Wenzel Julia , Schülein-Völk Christina , Lamer Stephanie , Eilers Ursula , Schlosser Andreas , Eilers Martin , Erhard Florian , Wolf Elmar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Transcripts produced by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) are fundamental for cellular responses to environmental changes. It is therefore no surprise that there exist multiple avenues for the regulation of this process. To explore the regulation mediated by RNAPII-interacting proteins, we used a small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based screen to systematically evaluate their influence on RNA synthesis. We identified several proteins that strongly affected RNAPII activity. We evaluated one of the top hits, SCAF1 (SR-related C-terminal domain-associated factor 1), using an auxin-inducible degradation system and sequencing approaches. In agreement with our screen results, acute depletion of SCAF1 decreased RNA synthesis, and showed an increase of Serine-2 phosphorylated-RNAPII (pS2-RNAPII). We found that the accumulation of pS2-RNAPII within the gene body occurred at GC-rich regions and was indicative of stalled RNAPII complexes. The accumulation of stalled RNAPII complexes was accompanied by reduced recruitment of initiating RNAPII, explaining the observed global decrease in transcriptional output. Furthermore, upon SCAF1 depletion, RNAPII complexes showed increased association with components of the proteasomal-degradation machinery. We concluded that in cells lacking SCAF1, RNAPII undergoes a rather interrupted passage, resulting in intervention by the proteasomal-degradation machinery to clear stalled RNAPII. While cells survive the compromised transcription caused by absence of SCAF1, further inhibition of proteasomal-degradation machinery is synthetically lethal.
Protein-free catalysis of DNA hydrolysis and self-integration by a ribozyme
Authors: Szokoli Deni , Mutschler Hannes 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Group II introns are ancient self-splicing ribozymes and retrotransposons. Though long speculated to have originated before translation, their dependence on intron-encoded proteins for splicing and mobility has cast doubt on this hypothesis. While some group II introns are known to retain part of their catalytic repertoire in the absence of protein cofactors, protein-free complete reverse splicing of a group II intron into a DNA target has never been demonstrated. Here, we demonstrate the complete independence of a group II intron from protein cofactors in all intron-catalyzed reactions. The ribozyme is capable of fully reverse splicing into single-stranded DNA targets in vitro, readily hydrolyzes DNA substrates and is even able to unwind and react with stably duplexed DNA. Our findings make a protein-free origin for group II introns plausible by expanding their known catalytic capabilities beyond what would be needed to survive the transition from RNA to DNA genomes. Furthermore, the intron’s capacity to react with both single and double-stranded DNA in conjunction with its expanded sequence recognition may represent a promising starting point for the development of protein-free genomic editing tools.
Cadence in the High Baroque
Authors: Caplin William E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines cadential practice in the high baroque, focusing on works by Corelli, Vivaldi, Handel, and J. S. Bach. Whereas some baroque authentic cadences resemble the “classical cadence,” many feature other formulaic configurations, especially the cadenza doppia (double cadence), rarely found in the later style. The chapter assesses the role of cadential deviations in the baroque and discusses why evaded cadences are rarely employed. With respect to cadential expansion, it highlights the baroque propensity of retaining the formula, such that expanded cadential progressions are often abandoned so that a compact cadential formula emerges at the end. It also introduces a form of pre-cadential dominant expansion, a technique infrequently found in later tonal styles. The chapter concludes with a study of cadence in the fugues of Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier, emphasizing a distinction between subject-ending cadences and independent cadences (i.e., those not associated with the end of the subject).
Interventions to strengthen teaching and learning in contexts of disadvantage
Authors: Graven Mellony , Venkat Hansa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on interventions for equity in under-resourced and under-served contexts of teaching and learning. It begins with an overview of the presence of this topic in SEMT, from its emergence in 2005 in a presentation by Bednarz on supporting weak classes in under-privileged schools in Canada to presentations in subsequent conferences, and ends by summarizing the many presentations on the topic in the last two SEMTs. By analysing the content of these presentations, the scale of disadvantage in national systems is identified as a key distinguishing feature that provided a lens for thinking about intervention methodologies, foci, and approaches. The diverse nature of contributions is discussed—including research and intervention foci and geographical location. The chapter then builds on the authors’ SEMT contributions on this topic in 2017 and 2019 to describe some national expansion of their teaching and learning interventions in contexts of disadvantage in South Africa.
Cultural and linguistic heterogeneity in research presented at SEMT symposia
Authors: Novotná Jarmila , Moraová Hana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on cultural and linguistic heterogeneity in primary mathematics classrooms. It gives an overview of 1990s research on this topic as presented at SEMT, as well as documenting further developments. Before 2015 the topic seems to have been somewhat marginal, with more attention paid to communication and interaction in mathematics classrooms, development of reasoning, or comparative studies of practices in two or more countries. The past few symposia have witnessed presentations explicitly targeting the issue of heterogeneity (linguistic, cultural, and special needs) and obstacles in learning for pupils with different socio-cultural and socio-linguistic backgrounds. This may be because educators and policy makers look for how to support their own children from previously marginalized populations or because they look for ways of helping migrant children and newcomers. Undoubtably, cultural and linguistic heterogeneity deserves attention from researchers, educators, policy makers, and teachers, as a prerequisite for equity in education.
Problem solving, problem posing, and enhancing creativity
Authors: Hershkovitz Sara , Dana-Picard Thierry 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The core of mathematics is problem solving. Understanding that the range of problems is wide, both within mathematics and in so-called real-world mathematics, led to the understanding that the teaching space also is large and involves different domains of contents and competencies: mathematics, linguistics, world knowledge, and students’ abilities. These elements affect the students’ expertise in solving and posing mathematical problems, and those engaged in mathematics instruction should take them into account. SEMT symposia reflect the changes in researchover the years. This chapter does not aim to present all the research in the field, not even all the works (over 120) in SEMT but highlights key ideas and directions that have evolved. It starts with the most basic problems and their assumptions and elaborate on them within today’s problem-solving space: problems, non-routine problems, research problems with or without the use of technology, and the opportunity for developing creativity.
Imperatives, Opportunities, and Dilemmas
Authors: Addison Tony , Roe Alan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The extractive industries are highly controversial but remain vitally important in much of the developing world. This chapter considers their role in reducing energy poverty and discusses scenarios for the future of the global markets for oil, gas, and metals (emphasizing the increasing importance of Asia). It then provides a snapshot of the increasing dependence of many developing countries on the extractive sector and uses that analysis to provide a perspective on the new opportunities arising from the global net-zero transition. Finally, the chapter sets out six dilemmas arising from the role of the extractive industries under the sub-headings of: poverty reduction and nature; mining and environmental risk; demand and supply imbalances; fragile states and supply-chains; strategic dependence; and technological backwardness. Overall, the chapter seeks to sketch the context, both national and global, in which policy-makers must make often hard choices.
Transforming Economies
Authors: Addison Tony , Roe Alan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The chapter argues for a change in government attitudes to their extractive industries: as enclaves useful primarily as revenue sources. This is too narrow a perspective: it fails to recognize the broader economic linkages that are invariably possible. Achieving greater economic impact requires governments to redefine how best to encourage economic diversification. Specifically, manufacturing activities tend to be over-emphasized—especially those based on a narrow view of local content ignoring competitiveness—while opportunities in the renewable resource economy are under-emphasized (especially agriculture and ecosystem services, the livelihood of millions of poor people). Moreover, industrial policy will not succeed when policies and investments in energy, enterprise development (especially for small and medium-sized enterprises), and financial systems are neglected. Stronger development finance institutions can be key players—one lesson from Latin American successes. Sharing power and transport infrastructure can further strengthen the linkages from extractive industries to local and national economies.
Things in Heaven and Earth
Authors: Rutter Tom 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter sets out the heliocentric model of the universe that remained dominant in Shakespeare’s time, including the distinction between the unchanging things above the Moon and the changeable things below it. It summarizes some challenges to this model that were being offered, and makes reference to recent critical work on Shakespeare, cosmology, and meteorology. It discusses the Histories as a sequence of plays whose interest in the causes of phenomena in the heavens parallels its interest in political causality. Finally, it addresses the question of whether Hamlet demonstrates Shakespeare’s familiarity with heliocentrism and suggests that Hamlet’s sense of existential scepticism is articulated in terms that imply cosmological uncertainty.
Maths
Authors: Rutter Tom 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the early modern period, developments in the sciences were facilitated by the growing use of Hindu-Arabic numerals in place of Roman ones. While such numerals are ubiquitous today, in Shakespeare’s time their seeming oddity (read from right to left, their value shifting depending on their position in a sequence) prompted comment and confusion. This chapter considers Shakespeare’s use of imagery related to Hindu-Arabic numerals in Henry V and King Lear to address themes of performance and identity. Noting the visual similarity between the zero and the circle, it discusses his use of geometrical imagery in the same plays, often with sexual implications. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of circularity in Shakespeare’s sense of theatrical space, a quality that symbolically linked the playhouse with scientific instruments such as celestial and terrestrial globes.
Beyond the Either/Or in Aesthetic Life
Authors: Matherne Samantha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
What is a flourishing aesthetic life? According to a classical view, found in Hume and Kant, it is one that is organized around experiences of universal aesthetic value. According to a diversity-based view, it is one organized around what aesthetically speaks to us given who we are as individuals and members of local communities. The universality- and diversity-based views thus seem to represent two competing models of aesthetic flourishing. In this chapter, however, it is argued that if one adopts a radically revised view of aesthetic universality, then this either/or evaporates. To this end, it is claimed that our aesthetic lives go better if we are responsive to both a universality-based ideal, which orients us toward the good of aesthetic exploration, and a diversity-based ideal, which orients us toward the good of aesthetic resonance.
Changing Musical Style and Social Identity in Tamil Christian Kirttanai
Authors: Sherinian Zoe C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Indian devotional genre of kirttanai has been the most widely performed genre of indigenous Christian music among Protestant Tamils in South India since the late-seventeen hundreds. Songs produced by upper-caste Christians in karnatak classical style called kirttanai were disseminated by missionaries after 1853 to poor lower-caste converts in villages and towns as a primary means to transmit Christianity. Since then, kirttanai have gone through various oral transformations of style resulting in three different versions of this practice: karnatak, folk, and Western hymn-like performances utilizing harmonic accompaniment on the organ. In this chapter, the author argues that the stylistic transformations or “reindigenizations” of kirttanai are a manifestation of the need to create indigenous Christian musical and theological expression relevant to changing socio-religious identities among Tamil Christians. The chapter shows that musical ritual acts as a primary context in which Christians meaningfully reconstruct and renegotiate their identities of class, caste, and location.
Caste, Class, Aesthetics, and the Making of Modern Bharatanatyam Dance
Authors: Krishnan Hari , Soneji Davesh , Pillai Nrithya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bharatanatyam dance is perhaps one of the most easily recognizable cultural products of modern India. Underpinning global acts of heritage-making is a complex, modern history of the dance’s reinvention, intimately tethered to the forces of Indian cultural nationalism in the early twentieth century. This essay contextualizes the caste debate within the reinvention of bharatanatyam that occurred in the 1930s at the hands of elite nationalist Brahmin performers. It argues that expressions of caste- and class-based power were at the heart of the establishment of the aesthetic and social boundaries of the practice of bharatanatyam as its new, urban, middle-class, upper-caste avatar in cities like Madras. Through the bold, public interventions of Nrithya Pillai, a dancer from the hereditary courtesan community (formerly called “devadasis”), the caste and nationalist debates around bharatanatyam have once again been enlivened, but this time, with the backing of caste-oppressed activists from around India.
Following in the Footsteps of Muria Music and Dance
Authors: Knight Roderic 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on a single song, called “Marmi Pata,” or “Wedding Song,” as performed in 1979 by young Muria Gond women in the village of Remawand, Bastar District, Chhattisgarh. Sung and danced by young people in a kind of clubhouse called a ghotul, the song is about the upcoming marriage of one of the women and the change it will mean for her and her friends as she joins her husband in another village. The chapter also illustrates the process by which field research unfolds, and how a song sung in a remote forest in India can make its way to a classroom in the West. The author was following in the footsteps of Verrier Elwin, noted mid-twentieth-century scholar on India’s tribal peoples, producing recordings, films, and articles in the late 1970s and early 1980s to further illuminate Elwin's pioneering print documentation from forty years before.
Bhangra Brotherhood
Authors: Sundar Pavitra 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
chapter seeks to bring sound and music to the forefront of the study of cinema and that of the nation through an analysis of the hit Bollywood film Rang De Basanti (RDB). It argues that RDB not only links a history of radical anticolonial activism in India to contemporary struggles against state corruption, it also depicts Hindi film music (and its affiliated technologies) as a crucial element of national popular culture and history. The Punjabi folk dance and musical genre bhangra has a special role to play in the revitalization of the nation in RDB. This visual and aural representation of the “real” India, village India, in effect grants the protagonists authenticity as Indian nationalist subjects. At the same time, bhangra links them to global circuits of musical production and exchange, circuits crucial to the history of Hindi film music.
Disrupted Divas
Authors: Maciszewski Amelia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter (a companion text to the 2010 ethnographic film Disrupted Divas) examines the lives of socially marginalized women singers and dancers, referred to as tawa’ifs, in three communities in North India. These women of the courtesan/red-light districts are part of a tradition of divas: celebrated, controversial women entertainers, sought-after court musicians and dancers, and pioneers in India’s early twentieth-century media. However, their social status since the 1940s has fallen, disrupted by historical, political, and socioeconomic issues they encountered. Despite such disruptions, the efficacy of these divas can be discovered in their voices, both narrative and musical, as they “perform their caste” in a globalized market. That is, in their stories and songs we can hear vivid discourses and narratives about their community’s and individual history, culture, customs, and life trajectories.
The Female Voice in Hindi Cinema
Authors: Sarrazin Natalie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hindi cinema, often referred to as Bollywood, is India’s primary form of entertainment as well as its primary source of popular music. This chapter highlights the lineage of the female voice: the relationship of specific vocal aesthetics to on-screen protagonists in Indian cinema and its uses in constructing female protagonists’ identity, agency, and expression through song. How are women represented, and how has this representation changed musically? How have song picturizations advanced or limited women’s characterizations beyond the wife/mother or vamp paradigm? What is the impact of outside media (such as MTV) on women’s voices? This chapter draws on examples from Pre-Partition, Nation-Building, and Post-Liberalization eras to illustrate the trajectory of Indian national ideals and global aspirations as they are communicated through the female voice.