bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and susceptibility of ERCC1/XPF gene polymorphisms in Han and Uygur women with breast cancer in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Li Hongtao , Zhou Linghui , Ma Jing , Zhu Yuyao , Fan Jingjing , Li Na , Zheng Yi , Sha Tong , Zhai Zhen , Ma Binlin , Dai Zhijun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the roles of ERCC1/XPF gene polymorphisms in the occurrence of breast cancer in the Uygur and Han ethnic groups in Xinjiang, China. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected by TaqMan real‐time PCR. The rs11615 G>A and rs2276466 C>G variant frequencies were higher in Uygur patients with breast cancer than in Han patients, while the frequency of rs2298881 C>A was higher in Han patients. We found that rs2298881 C>A (CA vs. CC: OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.20‐0.60; AA vs. CC: OR = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.04‐0.34; CA + AA vs. CC: OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.18‐0.51; AA vs. CA + CC: OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.08‐0.62; CA vs. AA + CC: OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.29‐0.82) was associated with a reduced breast cancer risk and rs3212986 C>A (AA vs. CC: OR = 4.80, 95% CI = 1.79‐15.29,; CA+AA vs. CC: OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.06‐2.77; AA vs. CA+CC: OR = 4.12, 95% CI =1.58‐12.89) and rs11615 G > A (AA vs. GG: OR = 3.49, 95% CI =1.54‐8.55; GA + AA vs. GG: OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.21‐3.27; AA vs. GA+GG: OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.30‐6.85) were associated with an elevated breast cancer risk among Uygur individuals. In addition, Uygur patients with breast cancer with 2‐3 combined risk genotypes of ERCC1 had a higher risk than patients with 0‐1 risk genotypes (OR = 2.91; 95% CI = 1.54‐5.71, p = 0.001). However, we failed to detect a statistically significant association between ERCC1/XPF polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in five genetic models among Han individuals. Our results showed that ERCC1/XPF gene polymorphisms predispose Uygur individuals to breast cancer; this finding should be verified by further large‐scale analyses.
Mandibular Anterior Lingual Recession: Keratinized Tissue Grafting and Minimally Invasive Harvesting
Authors: Merijohn George K. , Chambrone Leandro , Brodsky Andrew I. , Xenoudi Pinelopi 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionThe mandibular anterior lingual (MAL) keratinized tissue (KT) band is often insufficient in dimension: <2 mm height of which <1 mm is attached gingiva (AG). Its gingival phenotype is commonly characterized as thin (<1 mm) gingival thickness (GT) and having inadequate (<1 mm) AG width.When surgical treatment is indicated, prevention of significant apical displacement of the gingival margin and improvement of long‐term gingival stability are enhanced by KT increase and phenotype modification in order to establish thick GT and adequate AG.The aim of this case report is to describe a bilaminar surgical approach, the modified coronally advanced flap (mCAF) and connective tissue graft with retained KT band (mCAF + CTGkt). It is an outcomes‐driven surgical approach for KT increase and phenotype modification in order to predictably establish thick GT and adequate AG. The mCAF + CTGkt procedure is minimally invasive, predictable, well‐tolerated and addresses both the unique features of MAL anatomy and normal oral functioning movement during the postoperative healing phase.Case PresentationA 48‐year‐old female presented with chief complaint of MAL progressive gingival recession (GR). Attachment loss of 3–4 mm and lack of both KT and AG were documented. Primary treatment outcomes objectives were GR cessation, establish KT, increase GT and AG. A secondary outcome was decreasing GR.ConclusionThe mCAF + CTGkt procedure resulted in KT increase, phenotype modification to establish thick GT and adequate AG, and decreased GR. It addressed unique features of MAL anatomy. Postoperative healing outcomes were not negatively impacted by normal oral functioning.
Toward the Intrinsic Superiority of Aligned One‐Dimensional TiO2 Nanostructures: the Role of Defect States in Electron Transport Process
Authors: He Zhijuan , Han Yanyang , Liu Shanshan , Cui Wei , Qiao Yunping , He Tao , Wang Qianxi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectrodes made up of aligned 1D semiconductor nanostructures have drawn much attention in photoelectrochemical applications, as they are expected to be ideal configuration for channeling electrons towards the substrate without lateral electron scattering. However, efforts were hardly made to optimize the defect states in such systems. Herein, we observed significant enhancement (∼20 fold) in photoelectrochemical performance of TiO2 nanorod arrays (NRAs) after a simple calcination procedure. Through a series of structural and electrochemical characterizations, we revealed an underlying role of defects states in electron transport: even in electrodes composed of 1D TiO2 nanorods, lateral electron scattering would be avoided, which was confirmed by measuring the trap‐free electron diffusion coefficient (D0), the electron transport process can be severely affected by defect states distributed in the band gap. The calcination procedure can bring structural optimization for TiO2 NRAs, therefore facilitates electron transport process. Intrinsically, this work provides a structural view for realizing the superior performance of aligned 1D semiconductor nanostructures.
Freeze symptoms and associated yield loss in soft red winter wheat
Authors: Lindsey Laura E. , Alt Douglas S. , Lindsey Alexander J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing regions of the eastern United States, midwinter warm temperatures have accelerated wheat development, exposing wheat that has transitioned to reproductive stages to cold temperatures during late spring. The objectives of this diagnostic guide were to: (a) provide images depicting freeze injury and (b) provide estimates of grain yield and straw biomass reduction in response to low temperature at the Feekes 6, 8, and 10.5.1 growth stages of soft red winter wheat. Wheat plants were transplanted from the field into pots at each the Feekes growth stage and placed into freeze chambers with temperature treatments ranging from 3 to 39 °F. Plants were then placed in an open‐air greenhouse and grown to the completion of grain filling. Grain and biomass yield were evaluated and modeled across temperature treatments within each growth stage. Small temperature differences resulted in large differences in yield. At the Feekes 6 growth stage, grain yield was reduced by 10% at 17.9 °F and 25% at 14.8 °F. At the Feekes 8 growth stage, grain yield was reduced by 10% at 27.6 °F and by 25% at 24.6 °F. At the Feekes 10.5.1 growth stage, grain yield was reduced by 10% at 27.8 °F and by 25% at 26.3 °F. Our guidelines provide estimates for potential reductions in grain yield associated with low temperatures. However, scouting fields approximately 2 wk after the freeze event (and after active growth has resumed) is important, as there are microclimates within fields.
Research Progress of Micro/Nanomotors for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Li Ting , Wan Mimi , Mao Chun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNanomaterials have been widely used in cancer treatment and have achieved remarkable results. However, the specificity of the tumor microenvironment and a series of biological barriers (such as blood flow, cell membrane, dense tissue, etc.) have caused many obstacles faced by nanomaterials after entering the human body, which makes traditional drug delivery vehicles have insurmountable difficulties, such as low delivery efficiency, poor permeability, etc. The micro/nanomotors with autonomous movement capabilities provide the possibility to solve the above problems. Therefore, this review summarizes the current researches of micro/nanomotors strategies to overcome the different biological barriers of nanomaterials in cancer treatment. The advantages and disadvantages of three typical micro/nanomotors (biological, physical and chemical micro/nanomotors) in cancer treatment are summarized separately, and the future design of micro/nanomotors more suitable for tumor environment was discussed.
A meta‐analysis on the effectiveness of intervention in children with primary speech and language delays/disorders: Focusing on China and the United States
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Xu Qinfang , Joshi R. Malatesha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this meta‐analysis was to investigate the immediate and long‐term effects of intervention for children with primary speech and language delays/disorders and to explore whether some characteristics of interventions, specifics of the study and research participants moderate the magnitude of the effectiveness of interventions. Using the random effect model, we pooled the effect size and conducted a publication bias evaluation, a moderating effect analysis in CMA 2.0. Results of a random effects model analysis demonstrated a moderate immediate effect (g = 0.70), whereas the long‐term efficacy was small (g = 0.23). Additionally, type of measure, language of intervention, parental involvement, intervention content and study quality, as well as the duration of intervention, significantly moderated the effect size of intervention effectiveness.
Crosstalk noise analysis in ternary logic multilayer graphene nanoribbon interconnects using shielding techniques
Authors: Kolanti Tulasi Naga Jyothi , Kerehalli Shankar Rao Vasundhara Patel 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis paper presents an accurate structure for multilayer graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR) bundled interconnects to reduce the effects of crosstalk in ternary logic circuits. In the proposed structures, the signal line is surrounded by the shielding lines to reduce the crosstalk effects. The crosstalk effects such as noise peak, noise area, delay, and power consumptions are compared to effects produced by conventional methods. The impacts of process variation in the proposed structures are also presented. Additionally, the proposed MLGNR interconnect results are compared with the carbon nanotube interconnections. All the proposed circuits are implemented and simulated using HSPICE tool. The simulation results indicated that the passively shielded MLGNR interconnects provide lower crosstalk effects up to 47.7% and 69.4%, respectively, over the active and without shielded interconnects.
The tubulin code specializes neuronal cilia for extracellular vesicle release
Authors: Akella Jyothi S. , Barr Maureen M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCilia are microtubule‐based organelles that display diversity in morphology, ultrastructure, protein composition, and function. The ciliary microtubules of C. elegans sensory neurons exemplify this diversity and provide a paradigm to understand mechanisms driving ciliary specialization. Only a subset of ciliated neurons in C. elegans are specialized to make and release bioactive extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the environment. The cilia of extracellular vesicle releasing neurons have distinct axonemal features and specialized intraflagellar transport that are important for releasing EVs. In this review, we discuss the role of the tubulin code in the specialization of microtubules in cilia of EV releasing neurons.
Eating disorders during the Edo period between 1603 and 1867 in Japan
Authors: Nakai Yoshikatsu , Nin Kazuko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to examine whether Fushoku‐byo and Shinsen‐ro are eating disorders or not.MethodWe completed a retrospective review of Fushoku‐byo and Shinsen‐ro during the Edo period (1603–1867) using the original books of these disorders written by Kampo doctors and compared these disorders with eating disorders in the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5).ResultsThere were more than 50 patients with Fushoku‐byo and Shinsen‐ro during the Edo period, when Japan was closed to the rest of the world. More than 90% of them were young women. All patients demonstrated food restriction or avoidance that significantly impaired their physical health or psychosocial functioning. Kampo doctors did not mention any fat phobia and disturbed body image. They considered these disorders to be caused by psychological distress and recommended psychological treatment.DiscussionThe finding in this study challenges some of the presumptions that the development of eating disorders in non‐Western countries is attributed to modern Western influence. It is plausible that these patients could have been categorized as having unspecified feeding or eating disorder in the DSM‐5, when the presence or absence of fat phobia and disturbed body image is unclear.
Freshwater zooplankton metapopulations and metacommunities respond differently to environmental and spatial variation
Authors: Martin Gillian K. , Beisner Beatrix E. , Chain Frédéric J. J. , Cristescu Melania E. , del Giorgio Paul A. , Derry Alison M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTheory predicts that population genetic structure and metacommunity structure are linked by the common processes of drift and migration, but how population genetic structure and metacommunity structure are related in nature is still unknown. Deeper understanding of the processes influencing both genetic and community diversity is vital for better predicting how environmental change will impact biodiversity patterns. We examined how crustacean zooplankton and rotifer species' metapopulation genetic structure and metacommunities respond to environmental and spatial variation both within and across four regions of boreal Canada. Metapopulation and metacommunity variation partitioning results were compared within and across the four regions. Metapopulations and metacommunities responded differently to environmental variation and spatial structure both within and across regions, as metapopulations were influenced by different environmental variables compared to metacommunities. At larger spatial scales both metapopulations and metacommunities exhibited greater spatial and environmental structuring, again responding to a different subset of environmental variables. Our findings suggest that even though both genetic and species diversity are linked by the same processes, regional variation in environmental characteristics and spatial structure influence resulting biodiversity patterns differently. To date, no other empirical research has explored relationships between entire metapopulation and metacommunity assemblages at large regional spatial scales.
High summer temperatures amplify functional differences between coral‐ and algae‐dominated reef communities
Authors: Roth Florian , RAdecker Nils , Carvalho Susana , Duarte Carlos M. , Saderne Vincent , Anton Andrea , Silva Luis , Calleja Maria Ll. , MorÁn XosÉ Anxelu G. , Voolstra Christian R. , Kürten Benjamin , Jones Burton H. , Wild Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractShifts from coral to algal dominance are expected to increase in tropical coral reefs as a result of anthropogenic disturbances. The consequences for key ecosystem functions such as primary productivity, calcification, and nutrient recycling are poorly understood, particularly under changing environmental conditions. We used a novel in situ incubation approach to compare functions of coral‐ and algae‐dominated communities in the central Red Sea bimonthly over an entire year. In situ gross and net community primary productivity, calcification, dissolved organic carbon fluxes, dissolved inorganic nitrogen fluxes, and their respective activation energies were quantified to describe the effects of seasonal changes. Overall, coral‐dominated communities exhibited 30% lower net productivity and 10 times higher calcification than algae‐dominated communities. Estimated activation energies indicated a higher thermal sensitivity of coral‐dominated communities. In these communities, net productivity and calcification were negatively correlated with temperature (>40% and >65% reduction, respectively, with +5°C increase from winter to summer), whereas carbon losses via respiration and dissolved organic carbon release more than doubled at higher temperatures. In contrast, algae‐dominated communities doubled net productivity in summer, while calcification and dissolved organic carbon fluxes were unaffected. These results suggest pronounced changes in community functioning associated with coral‐algal phase shifts. Algae‐dominated communities may outcompete coral‐dominated communities because of their higher productivity and carbon retention to support fast biomass accumulation while compromising the formation of important reef framework structures. Higher temperatures likely amplify these functional differences, indicating a high vulnerability of ecosystem functions of coral‐dominated communities to temperatures even below coral bleaching thresholds. Our results suggest that ocean warming may not only cause but also amplify coral–algal phase shifts in coral reefs.
Gut microbiota and metabolic marker alteration following dietary isoflavone‐photoperiod interaction
Authors: Oyola Mario G. , Johnson Ryan C. , Bauman Bradly M. , Frey Kenneth G. , Russell Ashley L. , Cho‐Clark Madelaine , Buban Katelyn N. , Bishop‐Lilly Kimberly A. , Merrell D. Scott , Handa Robert J. , Wu T. John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe interaction between isoflavones and the gut microbiota has been highlighted as a potential regulator of obesity and diabetes. In this study, we examined the interaction between isoflavones and a shortened activity photoperiod on the gut microbiome.MethodsMale mice were exposed to a diet containing no isoflavones (NIF) or a regular diet (RD) containing the usual isoflavones level found in a standard vivarium chow. These groups were further divided into regular (12L:12D) or short active (16L:8D) photoperiod, which mimics seasonal changes observed at high latitudes. White adipose tissue and genes involved in lipid metabolism and adipogenesis processes were analysed. Bacterial genomic DNA was isolated from fecal boli, and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was performed.ResultsNIF diet increased body weight and adipocyte size when compared to mice on RD. The lack of isoflavones and photoperiod alteration also caused dysregulation of lipoprotein lipase (Lpl), glucose transporter type 4 (Glut‐4) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (Pparg) genes. Using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, we found that mice fed the NIF diet had a greater proportion of Firmicutes than Bacteroidetes when compared to animals on the RD. These alterations were accompanied by changes in the endocrine profile, with lower thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels in the NIF group compared to the RD. Interestingly, the NIF group displayed increased locomotion as compared to the RD group.ConclusionTogether, these data show an interaction between the gut bacterial communities, photoperiod length and isoflavone compounds, which may be essential for understanding and improving metabolic health.
Helminth‐induced regulation of T‐cell transfer colitis requires intact and regulated T cell Stat6 signaling in mice
Authors: Metwali Ahmed , Winckler Sarah , Urban Joseph F. , Kaplan Mark H. , Ince M. Nedim , Elliott David E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInfection with parasitic worms (helminths) alters host immune responses and can inhibit pathogenic inflammation. Helminth infection promotes a strong Th2 and T regulatory response while suppressing Th1 and Th17 function. Th2 responses are largely dependent on transcriptional programs directed by Stat6‐signaling. We examined the importance of intact T cell Stat6 signaling on helminth‐induced suppression of murine colitis that results from T cell transfer into immune‐deficient mice. Colonization with the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri resolves WT T cell transfer colitis. However, if the transferred T cells lack intact Stat6 then helminth exposure failed to attenuate colitis or suppress MLN T cell IFN‐γ or IL17 production. Loss of Stat6 signaling resulted in decreased IL10 and increased IFN‐γ co‐expression by IL‐17+ T cells. We also transferred T cells from mice with constitutive T cell expression of activated Stat6 (Stat6VT). These mice developed a severe eosinophilic colitis that also was not attenuated by helminth infection. These results show that T cell expression of intact but regulated Stat6 signaling is required for helminth infection‐associated regulation of pathogenic intestinal inflammation.
Close‐knit ties through thick and thin: Sharing social exclusion and acceptance enhances social bond
Authors: Gao Cong , Wang Deming , Miao Xiao‐Yan , Wang Zuo‐Jun , Qin Chan Kai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThree experiments investigated whether and why sharing experiences of social exclusion or social acceptance with others strengthens social bonds. Participants experienced either social exclusion or social acceptance alongside another co‐participant who either also experienced the same outcome, or experienced a different outcome, as them. Multilevel modeling results showed that participant dyads who shared the experience of social exclusion or social acceptance felt closer to each other than those who experienced different outcomes, and that perceived similarity mediated the effect of shared experiences on social bonds. Interestingly, participants felt closer to one another after having shared social acceptance, more so than when they have shared social exclusion. Implications of the present findings are interpreted in light of theories of social exclusion, shared experiences, and social bonding.
Preparation of a novel synergistic flame retardant and its application in silicone rubber composites
Authors: Ye Pan , Cheng Liu , Jincheng Wang , Shiqiang Song 
Published: October 2020

SummaryDehydration condensation product (DHCP) was prepared by addition and dehydration condensation reactions of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), vinyl trimethoxysilane, and (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane. DHCP‐PA with high phosphorus content was prepared by reaction between DHCP and phytic acid (PA). It was then compounded with oxidized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (OMWCNTs) to prepare silicone rubber (SR) flame retardant composites. The results showed that the SR with a small amount of DHCP‐PA owned good flame retardant effect. The heat release rate (HRR) was decreased from 436 kW/m2 for pure SR to 288 kW/m2 for the SR with 5 phr DHCP‐PA, and the decreasing degree was 33.9%. After mixing 5 phr DHCP‐PA with 1 phr OMWCNTs, the HRR of SR composite was decreased from 436 to 251 kW/m2, the smoke production rate was decreased from 0.161 to 0.087 m2/s, the limited oxygen index value was increased from 20.4% to 28.4%, and the flame retardant grade can reach UL94 V‐0. In addition, the synergistic flame retardant mechanism was researched and analyzed.