bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How much total ovarian tissue can be removed without compromising ovarian function? An animal study
Authors: Cheng Jiaojiao , Ruan Xiangyan , Zhou Qi , Li Yanglu , Du Juan , Jin Fengyu , Wang Husheng , Gu Muqing , Mueck Alfred Otto 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose Until now, it is not clear how much total ovarian tissue can be removed without affecting ovarian functions. Aim to investigate impact of stepwise removed ovarian tissue on endocrine hormone levels reflecting ovarian function, follicle morphology and weight in rats. Methods The study was performed with six groups of animals, each consisting of six ten-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. A blood test was performed on the day of surgery (baseline) and fortnightly thereafter to assess serum hormones reflecting ovarian function: estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B (INHB); weight was also assessed. The ovaries obtained from surgical resection and from the rats sacrificed 12 weeks after surgery were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Surgeries in the groups; [%] of remaining total ovarian tissue: Group 1, non-ovariectomized [100% tissue]. Group 2, half of left ovary excised [75% tissue]. Group 3, left ovary excised [50% tissue]. Group 4, left ovary + half of right ovary excised [25% tissue]. Group 5, left ovary + three quarters of right ovary excised [12.5% tissue]. Group 6, bilateral ovariectomy [0% tissue]. Results During the 12 weeks, group 4, 5 and 6 had higher FSH and lower AMH and INHB values compared to the control (group 1) ( p <0.05), but in group 4 production of E2 and P was not significantly different from control ( p >0.05). All ovarian function parameters completely stopped in group 5, i.e. the same as the bilateral ovariectomized rats (group 6). Weight significantly increased in group 6 ( p <0.05). Follicle morphology at baseline and 12 weeks after surgery in groups 2-5 was not significantly different to the control. Conclusions Our animal study confirms that removal of one ovary maintains the remaining ovarian tissue's potency for normal hormone production, as already suggested in clinical studies. However, to our knowledge, we demonstrate here for the first time that even up to 75% of total ovarian tissue can be removed without impact on E2 and P production, which if confirmed in women would mean that hazardous hormone replacement therapy is not required to avoid the negative consequences of hormone depletion.
The Effect of Glutamine on Dehydroepiandrosterone-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats
Authors: Wu Gengxiang , Hu Xue , Ding Jinli , Yang Jing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that chronic inflammation and oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and glutamine (Gln) showed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. So the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of glutamine supplementation on PCOS rats. Methods Female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 10 /group), control group, PCOS group, PCOS+0.5g/kg Gln group, PCOS+0.75g/kg Gln group and PCOS+1.0g/kg Gln group. All the PCOS rats were administrated with 6 mg/100 g dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for 20 consecutive days, all the PCOS+Gln groups were intraperitoneal injected Gln twice in the next morning after the last DHEA injection. All the samples were collected 12 hours after the last administration. Ovarian histological examinations were analyzed and the concentration of serum hormone, inflammatory and oxidative stress factors were measured. Results There was no obvious ovarian histological change among the PCOS group and PCOS+Gln groups. All the detected inflammation factors (IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α and CRP) showed significantly higher in all the PCOS groups compared to the control group (P<0.01), and were significantly decreased with the low supplementation of glutamine (P<0.01, include 0.5g/kg group and 0.75g/kg group).Concentrations of SOD were significantly lower in all the PCOS groups (P<0.01) compared to the control group, and increased significantly with the low supplementation of glutamine (P<0.01, include 0.5g/kg group and 0.75g/kg group). Serum concentrations of MDA, NO and NOS were significantly higher in PCOS group (P<0.01) compared with the control group, and significantly decreased to the comparative levels of control group with the low supplementation of glutamine (P<0.01, include 0.5g/kg group and 0.75g/kg group). Conclusion There is low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in DHEA-induced PCOS rats. The supplementation of glutamine with doses of 0.5g/kg and 0.75g/kg could effectively ameliorate the inflammatory and oxidative stress conditions of PCOS.
Back protection of canvas paintings
Authors: Padfield Tim , Padfield Nicolas , Lee Daniel Sang-Hoon , Thøgersen Anne , Nielsen Astrid Valbjørn , Andersen Cecil Krarup , Scharff Mikkel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A painting on canvas, stretched on a wooden frame, was fitted with various styles of back protection and then exposed to a cycle of temperature variation at the back, with the front exposed to a constant room temperature. The painting was also exposed to a constant wall temperature and varying room temperature. The space between the canvas and the back board was fitted with temperature and relative humidity (RH) sensors. The unprotected painting suffered a large RH variation at its back, because of the varying canvas temperature interacting with the constant room air moisture content. Effective stabilisation of the RH behind the canvas against temperature variation was provided by a shiny aluminium alloy sheet sealed against the frame. The non-absorbent back board experienced a strong variation in RH, because of humidity buffering of the space by the painting canvas at a different temperature. Either a space or insulation between this back plate and the wall reduced the risk of condensation on the inner surface of the back plate. Insulation will however increase the risk of condensation on the wall surface behind the painting. An absorbent back board de-stabilised the RH at the painting canvas surface by providing a competing humidity buffer at a different temperature. To provide protection against moisture exchange with an unsuitable room RH, extra humidity buffer was placed 3 mm behind the painting canvas, kept close to the painting temperature by insulation between this buffer and the back board. This stabilised RH at the canvas surface but increased both the temperature and the RH variation at the back board and thus increased the risk of condensation on the inner surface of the back board. The RH and the temperature in the narrow spaces between the painting canvas and the wooden stretcher frame were always more nearly constant than in the open canvas area, which suggests an explanation for the widely observed better condition of the areas of canvas paintings which lie close over the support structure. Our conclusion is that a non-absorbent, impermeable back plate gives good RH stability against a changing temperature gradient between wall and painting surface.
Estimating the Risk of Declining Funding for Malaria in Ghana: The case for continued investment in the malaria response
Authors: Shretta Rima , Silal Sheetal P , Malm Keziah , Mohammed Wahjib , Narh Joel , Piccinini Danielle , Bertram Kathryn , Rockwood Jessica , Lynch Matt 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Ghana has made impressive progress against malaria, decreasing mortality and morbidity by over 50% between 2005-2015. These gains have been facilitated in part, due to increased financial commitment from both government and donors. Between 2006 and 2011, total resources for malaria increased from less than USD 25 million in 2006 to over USD 100 million. However, the country still faces a high burden of disease and is at risk of declining external financing due to its strong economic growth and the consequential increased donor requirements for domestic contributions. The resulting financial gap will need to be met domestically to accelerate progress. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence of the economic impact of malaria elimination and the potential risks of withdrawing financing to shape an advocacy strategy for resource mobilization.Methods: A compartmental transmission model was developed to estimate the impact of a range of malaria interventions on the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria between 2018 and 2030. The model projected scenarios that allowed the attainment of elimination using a package of common interventions and scenarios that predicted transmission if interventions were withheld. The outputs of this model were used to generate costs and economic benefits of each option.Results: Elimination was predicted using the interventions outlined in the national strategy, particularly increased net usage and improved case management. Malaria elimination in Ghana was predicted cost USD 961 million between 2020 and 2029. Compared to the baseline, elimination is estimated to prevent 85.5 million cases, save 4,468 lives, and avert USD 2.2 billion in health system expenditures. The economic gain was estimated at USD 32 billion in reduced expenditure, increased household prosperity and productivity gains. Through malaria elimination, Ghana can expect to see a 32-fold return on their investment. Withdrawing interventions, predicted an additional 38.2 clinical cases, 2,500 deaths and additional economic losses of USD 14.1 billion.Conclusions: Although government financing has increased in the past decade, the amount is less than 25% of total malaria financing. The study findings can be used to develop a robust strategy to overcome financial barriers for malaria elimination in Ghana.
The impact of macroeconomics factors on real exchange rate in Latin America: A dynamic panel data analysis
Authors: Chavez Carlos 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper study the determinants of real exchange rate from an internal perspective using macroeconomic variables that can be endogenous. We use a GMM System estimator and transform our variables using forward orthogonal deviations (FOD) and first differences (FD). For check the robustness of our estimations, we use different sizes T. Our results show that terms of trade have negative and significant impact for all sizes. Th gross domestic product has positive and significant impact and the rest of variables has mixed effects depending the sizes T.
The role of swnR gene on the biosynthesis pathway of the swainsonine in Metarhizium anisopliae
Authors: Sun Lu , Song Runjie , Wang Jinglong , Zhang Yu , Zhu Yanli , Li Bo , Liu Yiling , Zhao Wenxing , Mo Chonghui , Guo Qingyun , Zhao Baoyu , Lu Hao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Swainsonine (SW) is the principal toxic ingredient of locoweeds, and is produced by fungi including Metarhizium anisopliae, Slafractonia leguminicola, and Alternaria oxytropis (found in locoweeds of Oxytropis). Studies of the SW biosynthesis pathway in these fungi have demonstrated the requirement for a swnK gene and the presence of a variety of other SWN cluster genes, but have not determined a precise role for the swnR gene, which encodes a NADB Rossmann-fold reductase, nor if it is necessary for the biosynthesis of SW. In this study, we used homologous recombination (HR) to knock out the swnR gene of M. anisopliae to determine its effect on the SW biosynthesis pathway.Results: The concentration of SW was measured in the fermentation broth of M. anisopliae at 1 d, 3 d, 5 d and 7 d using a Q Exactive Mass Spectrometer. The gene for swnR was detected by RT-qPCR. To determine the role of the swnR gene in the SW biosynthesis pathway of M. anisopliae, we used PEG-mediated homologous recombination (HR) to transform a wild-type strain (WT) with a Benomyl (ben)-resistant fragment to knock out the swnR gene producing a mutant-type strain (MT). A complemented-type (CT) strain was produced by adding a complementation vector that contains the glufosinate (herbicide) resistance (bar) gene as a marker. The content of SW decreased, but was not eliminated in the fermentation broth of the MT strain, and returned to the original level in the CT strain.Conclusions: These results indicate that the swnR gene plays a crucial role in the SW biosynthesis pathway of M. anisopliae, but suggests that another gene in the fungus may share the function of swnR.
The role of animals as a source of antimicrobial resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella causing invasive and non-invasive human disease in Vietnam
Authors: Parisi Andrea , Phuong Tu , Mather Alison E , Jombart Thibaut , Tuyen Ha Thanh , Lan Nguyen Phu Huong , Trang Nguyen Hoang Thu , Carrique-Mas Juan , Campbell James I , Trung Nguyen Vinh , Glass Kathryn , Kirk Martyn D , Baker Stephen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) are associated with both diarrhea and bacteremia. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is common in NTS in low-middle income countries, but the major source(s) of AMR NTS in humans are not known. Here, we aimed to assess the role of animals as a source of AMR in human NTS infections in Vietnam. We retrospectively combined and analyzed 672 NTS human and animal isolates from four studies in southern Vietnam and compared serovars, sequence types (ST), and AMR profiles. We generated a population structure of circulating organisms and aimed to attribute sources of AMR in NTS causing invasive and noninvasive disease in humans using Bayesian multinomial mixture models.ResultsAmong 672 NTS isolates, 148 (41%) originated from human blood, 211 (59%) from human stool, and 136 (43%) from animal stool. The distribution of serovars, STs, and AMR profiles differed among sources; serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden were the most common in human blood, human stool, and animals, respectively. We identified an association between the source of NTS and AMR profile; the majority of AMR isolates were isolated from human blood (p<0.001). Modelling by ST-AMR profile found chickens and pigs were likely the major sources of AMR NTS in human blood and stool, respectively; but unsampled sources were found to be a major contributor.ConclusionsAntimicrobial use in food animals is hypothesized to play role in the emergence of AMR in human pathogens. Our cross-sectional population-based approach suggests a significant overlap between AMR in NTS in animals and humans, but animal NTS does explain the full extent of AMR in human NTS infections in Vietnam.
Rare partial trisomy and tetrasomy of 15q11-q13 associated with developmental delay and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Liang Yi , Lu Yinghong , Ning Sisi , Deng Guosheng , Xie Yulin , Song Jujie , Zuo Na , Feng Chunfeng , Qin Yunrong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs), are additional abnormal chromosomes, which can’t be detected accurately by conventional cytogenetic analysis. Duplication of chromosome 15 might be account for 50% of the total sSMCs and usually leads to mental retardation, structural malformation, behavioral problems and epilepsy.Case presentation: An 11-month-old infant with an sSMC was referred to our clinic because of developmental retardation and autism spectrum disorder. After several months of rehabilitation treatment, the progress of motor development was obvious, but the consciousness was still far from satisfied. High-resolution karyotype analysis, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and copy number variation sequencing (CNV-Seq) were conducted to confirm the identity of the sSMC. A bisatellited dicentric sSMC was observed clearly in high-resolution karyotype analysis and a 10.16-Mb duplication of 15q11.1q13.2 together with a 1.84-Mb duplication of 15q13.2q13.3 was showed by CNV-Seq in the proband. It suggested that the molecular cytogenetic karyotype was 47, XY,+inv dup(15)(pter/q13::q13/pter) which identify the proband was 15q duplication syndrome (dup15q). Furthermore, the clinical symptoms of the proband mostly fit this disease which is characterized by hypotonia motor delays, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability.Conclusion: Our research indicates that CNV-seq is a robust, sensitive and economical way for diagnosis of dup15q and related disorders.
Influence of high-heeled shoe parameters on biomechanical performance of young female adults during stair ascent motion
Authors: shang jiangyinzi , Zhang Shuiqiang , yan alan , ma xin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: No prior work has compared the biomechanical workload of stair ascent (SA) using shoes of different heel heights and heel types. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the influence of high-heeled shoe (HHS) parameters on pelvis position, lower extremities kinematics, ground reaction force, and intern stress in young women during SA motion.Methods: The participants were instructed to ascend a 3-step staircase, wearing HHSs of different heel heights and heel types, and the control group used a pair of flat shoes. By using finite element methodology, we investigated the influence of shoe parameters on metatarsal stress and metatarsal head loading during SA.Results: As the heel height increased, increased ranges of ankle dorsiflexion-plantarflexion and pelvic rotation were observed. A thinner heel type displayed a larger pelvic forward tilt movement and 1st peak vertical force, as well as a smaller 2nd peak vertical force. With higher heels, increased external rotation of the knee, inversion and plantar flexion, and flexion values of the knee were observed. Meanwhile, there was decreased external rotation of the pelvis, ankle eversion, varus, and dorsiflexion. Three major stance phases namely heel strike, midstance, and push off were simulated to investigate the biomechanical response of high-heeled walking. It was found that the contact pressure at plantar pressure and 1st metatarsal pressure intensified with flat shoes and reached their maximum at push off phase during locomotion.Conclusion: To stabilize body posture during SA when wearing HHSs with a small heel base area, compensatory changes to drive an effective motor response include increasing pelvic range of motion in the transverse plane and sagittal plane, changing the joint angles of the lower extremities, and increasing metatarsal intern stress, may lead to clinical symptoms.
The variation of pelvis in unilateral Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Du Yinqiao , Sun Jingyang , Ma Haiyang , Shen Junmin , Ni Ming , Zhou Yonggang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe whole pelvic morphology is very common in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The abnormalities may influence the pelvic landmarks, and then misguide the surgeon’s preoperative plan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the variation of pelvis in unilateral Crowe type IV DDH and analyze the reliability of pelvic landmarks.MethodsWe received preoperative anteroposterior pelvic radiographs examined for 89 adult patients with unilateral Crowe type IV DDH at our institution between September 2008 and May 2019. 48 patients without a false acetabulum was type IVA and 41 with a false acetabulum was type IVB. The heights of the ilium, acetabulum and ischium areas in affected and unaffected sides were measured, the discrepancies of bilateral iliac crest, inferior sacroiliac articulation, teardrop and ischial tuberosity on the bisector of the pelvis were also measured.ResultsThe mean heights of the ilium, acetabulum, ischium areas in the affected side were 74.4 mm, 88.6 mm and 37.0 mm, respectively, in type IVA group and 77.7 mm, 83.5 mm and 37.8 mm, respectively, in type IVB group. The heights in the unaffected side were 82.1 mm, 84.6 mm and 43.8 mm, respectively, in type IVA group and 84.6 mm, 82.0 mm and 44.0 mm, respectively, in type IVB group. The discrepancies of bilateral iliac crest, inferior sacroiliac articulation, teardrop and ischial tuberosity on the line of the bisector of the pelvis were 6.7 mm, 4.4 mm, 2.7 mm and 6.1 mm, respectively.ConclusionsThe pelvic asymmetry was a common occurrence in adults unilateral Crowe type IV DDH. Furthermore, it should be reliable to use teardrop as pelvic landmark to balance leg length discrepancy in preoperative planning.
Selenium ameliorates S. aureus-induced inflammation through ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Bi Chongliang , Zhang Shujiu , Tang He , Li Hui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Some research has indicated that selenium (Se) plays a significant role during mastitis. However the intracellular anti-inflammatory effect of Se is not fully clear. Due to the ability of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) to internalize into host cell, in this study we explored whether Se could regulate inflammation induced by S. aureus through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome in bMECs. Result bMECs were treated with 8 μmol/L Na 2 SeO 3 for 12 h before infected with S. aureus for 2 h. Through flow cytometry, Western blot and qPCR analysis, ROS and NLRP3 imflammasome were detected. Result shown that the production of ROS was increased by S. aureus , Se exerted strong inhibitory effects on the production of ROS; The protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasome including NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 increased significantly after S. aureus infection, Se played an important role in regulating the expression of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1; To further investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Se, the expression level of IL-1β associated molecule pro-IL-1β and IL-1β were detected. Result shown that the mRNA expression of IL-1β was up-regulated by S. aureus and after Se treatment the expression level of IL-1β mRNA was markedly down-regulated, meanwhile Se play a regulation effect on the protein expression of Pro-IL-1β and IL-1β. Conclusions Here we show that ROS is involved in bMECs inflammation induced by S. aureus and Se ameliorates S. aureus -induced inflammation through ROS-mediated NLRP3 pathway in bMECs.
The dynamic mutation investigation and whole exome sequencing in a cohort of Chinese autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia patients
Authors: Peng Fang , Zhang Yue , Zhou Xin-Yue , Huang Shuai-Qi , Chen Chen , Ding Zheng-Tong , Wang Jian , Sun Yi-Min , Wu Jianjun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are the autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA) with great clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Genetic testing will contribute to the final diagnosis. Methods A total of 204 Chinese ADCA patients were recruited and 190 had genetic testing. Dynamic mutations of SCA1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 17 and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) were screened firstly. For the patients with negative results, the dynamic mutations of HTT of Huntington Disease (HD), SCA31, 36 and even the whole exome sequencing (WES) were further performed. We investigated the genetic results and clinical characteristics retrospectively. Results Among these 190 index cases, 177(93.16%) were identified SCA dynamic mutations. SCA3 was the commonest, accounting for 70.06%, followed by SCA1 (9.6%), 2 (9.05%), 12 (3.39%), 6 (2.26%), DRPLA (2.26%), 7(1.13%), 8 (1.13%) and 17(0.56%). One patient carried a compound dynamic mutation of SCA6 and SCA17 (SCA6/17). No SCA10 or SCA36 was found. Among the remaining 13 patients, three were diagnosed with HD (1.58%) and one with Episodic Ataxia 2 (EA2). WES did reveal several variants with uncertain significance (VUS) in the remaining nine patients, but failed to detect causative mutations. Conclusion We illustrated the approach and challenge of genetic testing in Chinese ADCA patients. Dynamic mutations of SCAs should be screened firstly. When the results were negative, dynamic mutation of HTT would better be screened consequently. In early-onset ADCA patients, WES might be effective to identify causative mutations, but in adult-onset cases, WES might be less effective.