bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does sagittal spinopelvic alignment of lumbar multisegmental spondylolysis differ from monosegmental spondylolysis?
Authors: Zhou Qing-shuang , MM  , Sun Xu , Chen Xi , Xu Liang , Qian Bang-ping , Zhu Ze-zhang , Wang Bin , Qiu Yong 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate sagittal alignment and compensatory mechanisms in patients with monosegmental spondylolysis (mono_lysis) and multisegmental spondylolysis (multi_lysis).METHODSA total of 453 adult patients treated for symptomatic low-grade spondylolytic spondylolisthesis were retrospectively studied at a single center. Patients were divided into 2 subgroups, the mono_lysis group and the multi_lysis group, based on the number of spondylolysis segments. A total of 158 asymptomatic healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study as the control group. Radiographic parameters measured on standing sagittal radiographs and the ratios of L4–S1 segmental lordosis (SL) to lumbar lordosis (L4–S1 SL/LL) and pelvic tilt to pelvic incidence (PT/PI) were compared between all experimental groups.RESULTSThere were 51 patients (11.3%) with a diagnosis of multi_lysis in the spondylolysis group. When compared with the control group, the spondylolysis group exhibited larger PI (p < 0.001), PT (p < 0.001), LL (p < 0.001), and L4–S1 SL (p = 0.025) and a smaller L4–S1 SL/LL ratio (p < 0.001). When analyzing the specific spondylolysis subgroups, there were no significant differences in PI, but the multi_lysis group had a higher L5 incidence (p = 0.004), PT (p = 0.018), and PT/PI ratio (p = 0.039). The multi_lysis group also had a smaller L4–S1 SL/LL ratio (p = 0.012) and greater sagittal vertical axis (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSA high-PI spinopelvic pattern was involved in the development of spondylolytic spondylolisthesis, and a larger L5 incidence might be associated with the occurrence of consecutive multi_lysis. Unlike patients with mono_lysis, individuals with multi_lysis were characterized by an anterior trunk, insufficiency of L4–S1 SL, and pelvic retroversion.
Analisis Kandungan Boraks dan Formalin Pada Beberapa Pedagang Bakso di Kota Mataram
Authors: Saputrayadi Adi , Asmawati Asmawati , Marianah Marianah 
Published: April 2020

This study aims to find out whether there are borax and formalin contents in meatballs sold by traders who have permanent meatball stalls in Mataram City. This is intended to have a better picture of the use of hazardous food additives by meatball traders in the city. The research sample was taken from several places of meatball traders in the city of Mataram. The sample consists of 12 meatball traders in Mataram city, representing six locations (sub-districts) in the city. Sample members are meatball traders who have a permanent stall only, excluding street vendors and mobile traders. The study used an experimental method with laboratory testing. The procedure included the test of borax and formalin content and the analysis of organoleptic properties of meatballs. Based on the results of the analysis, of the 12 samples collected showed that none contained borax (0%), but 100% contained formaldehyde.
Wisata Halal Dalam Dimensi Kesantunan Tindak Tutur
Authors: Habiburrahman Habiburrahman , Nurmiwati Nurmiwati , H.Mus Akhmad 
Published: April 2020

Wisata halal yang umum dikenal selama ini adalah wisata syariah atau wisata religi. Pengertiannya tentu tidak selalu berwisata ke lokasi-lokasi religius seperti makam-makam Walisongo seperti yang selama ini banyak dilakukan orang. Jika wisata religi lebih mengedepankan aspek lokasi atau objek dan sejarah tempat wisata, maka wisata halal lebih mengedepankan aspek pelaku atau wisatawannya. Istilah wisata halal tidak hanya soal berkunjung ke lokasi religius, namun juga ke lokasi-lokasi umum dengan tetap menjaga adab sebagai Muslim dan memberikan fasilitas serta kemudahan bagi para wisatawan Muslim. Sesuai uraian tersebut maka aspek kesantunan tindak tutur sebagai salah satu indikator wisata halal dari aspek kemudahan komunikasi. Bagian tidak terpisahkan lainnya dari wisata halal ini adalah para pemandu wisata yang juga harus menyesuaikan diri dengan para wisatawan Muslim. Dalam komunikasi, kesantunan merupakan aspek penting dalam kehidupan untuk menciptakan komunikasi yang baik di antara pemandu wisata dan wisatawan. Misalnya dengan menjaga adab berkomuniasi, menggunakan pakaian yang sopan sesuai standar Muslim serta tidak lupa mengingatkan waktu beribadah tepat waktu kepada para wisatawan dengan bahasa yang santun. Bentuk kesantunan tindak tutur ini banyak kita temukan dalam sembilan fungsi tindak tutur saat memberikan layanan sebagaimana hasil penelitian yang dilakukan tentang penggunaan kesantunan tindak tutur direktif di kalangan Jamaah Tablig dalam berdakwah, yaitu: (1) fungsi tindak tutur untuk menyatakan ajakan, (2) suruhan, (3) peringatan, (4) seruan, (5) imbauan, (6) persilaan, (7) anjuran, (8) harapan, dan (9) larangan. Pemakaian kesantunan tindak tutur dalam memberikan layanan prima terhadap para wisatawan dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi dua, yaitu strategi kesantunan positif dan strategi kesantunan negatif. Kedua strategi kesantunan tersebut dapat menjadi indikator wisata halal dari aspek kemudahan komunikasi dengan menjaga adab berkomunikasi dan menciptakan situasi yang nyaman dengan lingkungan yang santun dari masyarakat sekitarnya.
Measurement of Educational Feasibility Using Cost and Benefit Analysis at STAINU Temanggung
Authors: Sutarman Sutarman , Hartati Yuni Setya , Dewi Puteri Anggita 
Published: April 2020

Current social reality produces a conclusion that the purpose of education is inseparable from employment. Therefore, the feasibility of Indonesian education needs to be considered in terms of the benefits obtained by its graduates. Management Discipline has a formula regarding profit and loss. This formula can be adopted in education management. Furthermore, in this study this formula is referred to as a cost and benefit analysis. Adoption of this formula requires a reinterpretation of all the components in it. Net benefit (NB) is the result of reduction and direct benefit and indirect benefits with costs (C) and depreciation (D). This research uses research and development methods Data collection was carried out by interview method and questionnaire. Sampling is carried out by random sampling technique The results of this calculation are then consulted with the range that has been made in the form of a percentage. The trial conducted on the feasibility of education at STAINU Temanggung University showed that the educational feasibility level at the faculty was 29.72%. This means that the university has an enough feasible meaning in implementing education if analyzed from a cost and benefit analysis
Determining the quantity of access tubes for quality control of bored pile concrete based on probability approach
Authors: Duong Bach 
Published: April 2020

Unexpected defects of concrete in a completed bored pile can arise during the construction stage. Therefore, post-construction testing of bored pile concrete is an important part of the design and construction process. The Cross-hole Sonic Logging (CSL) method has been the most widely used to examine the concrete quality. This method requires some access tubes pre-installed inside bored piles prior to concreting; the required quantity of access tubes has been pointed out in few literatures and also ruled in the national standard of Vietnam (TCVN 9395:2012). However, theoretical bases aiming to decide the required quantity of access tubes have not been given yet. A probability approach is proposed in this paper aiming to determine the essential quantity of access tubes, which depend not only on pile diameters, magnitude of defects, but also on the technical characteristics of CSL equipment.
Keywords:
access tubes; bored piles; CSL method; defects; inspection probability.
Empirical models of corrosion rate prediction of steel in reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Tan Nguyen Ngoc , Hiep Dang Vu 
Published: April 2020

Corrosion rate is one of the most important input parameters in corrosion-induced damage prediction models as well as in calculation of service-life for reinforced concrete structures. In most cases, instantaneous measurements or constant corrosion rate values used in damage prediction models is irrelevant. The new factors appearing such as corrosion-induced cover cracking, concrete quality to change the corrosion rate should be taken into consideration. This study shows several empirical models to predict the corrosion rate and their limits of application. The predicted values of steel corrosion rate using four empirical models are compared with the measured values of a series of 55 experimental samples collected from the literature. The results show that the empirical models overestimated the experimental corrosion rate. Using model proposed by Liu and Weyers provided the best agreement with the experimental data.
Keywords:
corrosion rate; prediction model; reinforced concrete; chloride ions; reinforcement corrosion.
Effect of confining pressure on shear resistance of ultra-high-performance fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Thuong Ngo Tri 
Published: April 2020

Effect of confining pressure on the shear resistance of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRCs), containing 1.5% volume content (1.5 vol.-%) of short smooth steel fiber (SS, l = 13, d = 0.2 mm) and long smooth steel fiber (LS, l = 30, d = 0.3 mm), was investigated using a new shear test method. Three levels of confining pressure were generated and maintained to the longitudinal axis of the specimen prior shear loading was applied. The test results exhibited that the shear strength of UHPFRCs was obviously sensitive to the confining pressure: the higher confining pressure produced higher shear strength. UHPFRC reinforced with 1.5 vol.-% long smooth steel fiber exhibited higher shear resistance than those reinforced with short smooth steel fiber, regardless of confining pressure levels. The confined shear strength could be expressed as an empirical function of unconfined shear strength, confining pressure, and tensile strength of UHPFRCs.
Keywords:
UHPFRCs, shear resistance; confining pressure effect; smooth fiber.
Second gradient substitution model for high contrast bi-phase structure
Authors: Khanh Trinh Duy 
Published: April 2020

Lightweight structures with soft inclusion material, such as hollow core slabs, foam sandwich wall, pervious pavement ... are widely used in construction engineering for sustainable goals. Voids and soft inclusion can be modeled as a very soft material, while the main material is modeled with its original rigidity, which is so much higher than inclusion's one. In consequence, highly contrast bi-phase structure attracts the interests of scientists and engineers. One important demand is how to build a homogeneous equivalent model to replace the multi-phase structure which requires much resources and time to perform structure analysis. Various homogenization schemes have succeeded in establishing a homogeneous substitution model for composite materials which fulfill the scale separation condition (characteristic length of heterogeneity is very small in comparison to structure dimensions). Herein, elastic stiffness matrix of a homogeneous model which replaces a bi-phase material is computed by a higher-order homogenization scheme. A non-homogeneous boundary condition (a polynomial inspired from Taylor series expansion) is used in computation. Homogeneous substitution model constructed from this computation process, can give engineers a fast and effective tool to predict the behavior of bi-phase structure. Instead of a classical Cauchy continuum, second gradient model is selected as a potential candidate for substituting the composite material behavior because of the separation scale (volume ratio of inclusion to matrix phase reaches unit).
Keywords:
generalized continuum; second-gradient medium; higher-order homogenization; non-homogeneous boundary conditions; representative volume element.
The roles played by IL-10, IL-23 and IL-17A in term delivery
Authors: Houra M. , Nazem-Kazerani F. , Mortazavi M. , Hadavi M. , Moosavi S.M. , Arababadi M.K. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: The immune system significantly participates in the development of the successful delivery process. The roles played by cytokine molecules in the induction of term delivery are yet to be clarified. The aim of this project was to explore the serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-17A, and IL-23 in the mothers with term and prolonged pregnancy and their infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 60 samples were collected from either mothers with term and prolonged pregnancy or their infants, collectively 240 samples. Serum levels of IL-10, IL-17A and IL-23 were explored using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. RESULTS: IL-10 serum levels significantly decreased in the neonates with prolonged pregnancy when compared to their mothers. Serum levels of IL-23 were increased either in term or prolonged pregnancy neonates when compared to their corresponded mothers. Serum levels of IL-10 and IL-23 significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in the female in comparison to male in the prolonged pregnancy neonates. IL-10 also significantly decreased in the term mothers who had higher gravidity. CONCLUSION: Although, IL-17A does not play a key role in the delivery mechanism, IL-10 and IL-23 may be considered as potential factors in the modulation of term delivery.
XX reunión del Grupo Fomento Social
Authors: Camacho Laraña, S.I. Ildefonso 
Published: April 2020

Una vez más, el encuentro anual del Grupo Fomento Social se celebró en la Casa de Espiri tualidad de las Esclavas del Sagrado Corazón, en Madrid (c/ General Martínez Campos), desde el viernes 23 de noviembre por la noche hasta el domingo 25 a mediodía. Los asistentes llegaron a 30, entre ellos varios laicos que trabajan en instituciones sociales de la Compañía de Jesús. También estuvo presente en todas las sesiones el Provincial de la Compañía de Jesús en España (P. Elías Royón) y el Director del Secretariado Social de la Compañía de Jesús en Roma (P. Fernando Franco). Se encargó de la preparación de la reunión y de su desarrollo el coordinador del Grupo, P. Rafael Yuste, profesor de Ética y de Filosofía en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales (ETEA) de Córdoba.
En el encuentro del pasado año se formuló el tema para el de este año de una forma general como “Democracia, transparencia y corrupción”, y se subrayó el deseo de que se tratara con una perspectiva mundial. Por eso el ponente invitado para esta ocasión lo tituló “El problema mundial de la gobernanza”.
"Mujeres economistas. Las aportaciones de las mujeres a la ciencia económica y a su divulgación durante los siglos XIX y XX"
Authors: Rodero Franganillo Adolfo 
Published: April 2020

Reseña de la obra: PERDICES DE BLAS, Luis y GALLEGO ABAROA, Elena (Coord.) (2007) Mujeres economistas. Las aportaciones de las mujeres a la ciencia económica y a su divulgación durante los siglos XIX y XX. Madrid, Ecobook, 570 pp.
Innovación social: una realidad emergente en los procesos de desarrollo
Authors: Morales Gutiérrez Alfonso Carlos 
Published: April 2020

El proceso innovador de carácter tec‑ nológico en las entidades económicas ha sido muy estudiado. Sin embargo la innovación en el ámbito social es un fenómeno de preocupación emergente. Los paradigmas de mercado (precio, coste, calidad,...) no sirven de forma inmediata para indagar en este tipo de innovaciones que se producen en la sociedad. Una innovación social se desarrolla de una manera peculiar, presenta unos orígenes específicos, tiene unos factores facilitadores y cata‑ lizadores propios y, por último, soporta unas barreras concretas. De la misma forma que las sociedades avanzadas se preocupan del I+D+i como elemento de competitividad a nivel económico y refuerzan este sistema de innovación con todos los agentes implicados, no existe el mismo nivel de inquietud para generar el sistema potenciador de las innovaciones sociales necesarias para paliar los problemas de los colectivos más necesitados: la denominada “base de la pirámide”. ¿Podría pensarse en la creación de “centros de innovación social”? ¿cuál sería la oficina de trans‑ ferencia de la investigación social a nivel universitario? Al igual que las patentes ¿cuáles serían los indicadores de innovaciones sociales derivadas de la investigación –referentes de prestigio universitario– que podrían utilizarse para medir los avances en estos ámbitos?
"Bases for Territory-based Rural Development: Central Region in Vietnam, Hue"
Authors: Rodero Franganillo Adolfo 
Published: April 2020

Reseña de la obra de: VAN THAT, Nguyen y THANT HA, Thai, editors (2007) Bases for Territory-based Rural Development: Central Region in Vietnam, Hue. Hue College of Economics e INSAETEA, 324 pp.
"Alianza estratégica entre Centroamérica y Europa. Más allá de un acuerdo" y "América Latina y la Unión Europea: una integración esperanzadora pero esquiva"
Authors: Romero Rodríguez, S.I. José Juan 
Published: April 2020

Reseñas de las obras: PRADO, Mimi, editora (2008) Alianza estratégica entre Centroamérica y Europa. Más allá de un acuerdo. San José de Costa Rica, Centro Internacional para el Desarrollo Humano, 294 pp. / OSTERLOF OBREGÓN, Doris, editora (2008) América Latina y la Unión Europea: una integración esperanzadora pero esquiva. San José de Costa Rica, Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO), 158 pp.
“Los Nuevos Escenarios del Desarrollo Humano. Un proyecto global. En el 40 aniversario de Populorum Progressio y en el 20 de Sollicitudo Rei Socialis”
Authors: Romero Rodríguez, S.I. José Juan 
Published: April 2020

Reseña de la obra: “Los Nuevos Escenarios del Desarrollo Humano. Un proyecto global. En el 40 aniversario de Populorum Progressio y en el 20 de Sollicitudo Rei Socialis”: Cuadernos del Instituto Social León XIII (2007) nº 6 (especial), 134 pp.
"Primero la gente. Una mirada desde la ética del desarrollo a los principales problemas del mundo globalizado"
Authors: Camacho Laraña Ildefonso 
Published: April 2020

Recensión de la obra de: SEN, Amartya y KLIKSBERG, Bernardo (2007) Primero la gente. Una mirada desde la ética del desarrollo a los principales problemas del mundo globalizado, Barcelona, Deusto, 322 pp.
Social Work as The Safety Net of the Albanian Society in Transition
Authors: Ymeraj Arlinda 
Published: April 2020

Social work has little tradition as an academic discipline or as a profession in Albania despite the high need for well-trained social workers. Social work in Albania had practically not existed in the past, neither before the WWII nor during socialist regime. It was the deep political and economic changes of the post socialist phase and the support of government and non-government stakeholders, like the Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs, Emigration and Ex- Persecuted People as well as the Grand Valley University, Michigan, which paved the way for the establishment from scratch of the Faculty of Social Work at the University of Tirana in 1992. Two other schools of Social Work were also established in two public universities, one at the University of Shkodra (2005) and another at the Elbasan University (2004). The Albaniaâ€™s adherence to the Bologna Declaration brought a new reform, initiated in 2005, in which the Departments of Social Work were actively involved and played a critical role to adjust the curricula according to the EU standards.
However, social work is neither a straight forward academic discipline nor a clear-cut profession. Social work is both, above all it is the safety net of society. The concept of social work derives from the needs of society, which in the end turns towards social mobilization, participation and inclusion. The global definition of social work, set out by the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) and approved by its general assembly in 2014, defines Social Work as follows:
â€œSocial work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work. Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledge, social work engages people and structures to address life challenges and enhance wellbeingâ€. (http://www.communitycare.co.uk/what-is-the-role-of-social-workers).
Besides the overall social structure of the society and the legacy from the past, Social Work canâ€™t be developed outside the context of education system in one side and social protection and care system on the other. Hence, this paper brings in some information, which by describing the status of Social Work Education in Albania, tries to further explore its multi-faceted dependency on system of policies and social legacy from the past, alike.
Keywords: Social Work, Social-Exclusion, Social inclusion
Investigation of the Solutions of Prizren-Kosovo Education Faculty Teachers Mathematics Problems
Authors: MUYO YILDIRIM MÃ¼nevver , GÃœR HÃ¼lya 
Published: April 2020

The aim of the study was to examination of mathematical problem-solving skills and to determine the relationship of between problem posing and problem-solving skills of teacher trainees in Prizren â€œUkshin Hotiâ€ University, Faculty of Education in Kosovo. The results of this study are important because there is no a similar work in teacher training in Kosovo. For this aim, the case studies, qualitative research (case study), model was used. The research at the state Prizren â€œUkshin Hotiâ€ University has been established by Turkish Teacher trainers. These teachersâ€™ group was selected as a working group. The classroom teacher department NCT=26, Pre-school teacher department NPST=27 and physics-chemistry teacher department NPCT=12 teacher trainees were participated. The total number of trainers was 65. The data were collected by semi-structured interview form and worksheets in this study. Rubrik and descriptive statistics were used as an analyzing instrument. In conclusion, the levels of problem-solving skills of teacher trainees have been determined and recommendations for the development of these levels have been included.
Key words: Worksheets, Teacher Trainees, Problem Solving, Problem-Solving Skills, Problem Posing.
Language Inequality and the Use of Standard Language
Authors: Shala Flamur 
Published: April 2020

This paper deals with linguistic inequality and the use of standard language. Language inequality has a wide and multifaceted meaning with several interpretations. It should be noted that the habits of informal use of the language do not define all inequality because the same user in another circumstance may use the language standard and manage to indicate a certain degree of use of the language. From the research with students of Albanian language, it turns out that these students, starting from the first year of the studies, show the efforts, the ability and the skills of using the linguistic standard despite a linguistic conformism. Linguistic individuality highlights the linguistic inequality.
Language inequality has linguistic or limited language deficits on written and speech discourse. Meanwhile, the text sublimates the individual skills of writing, brainstorming, text planning, linguistic coherence and cohesion, according to an elaborate linguistic code. Furthermore, we see that language inequality is relative, because everyone who writes or speaks, under certain conditions, has his / her linguistic competence and individuality. In my research on students` texts are noticed some elements dealing with linguistic inequality and use standard language.
Key words: Language Competence, Standard Language, Language Inequality, Language Deficit, Restricted Code, Elaborated Code.