bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subtype-specific cardiomyocytes for precision medicine: Where are we now?
Authors: Zhao Ming-Tao , Shao Ning-Yi , Garg Vidu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Patient-derived pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have greatly transformed the current understanding of human heart development and cardiovascular disease. Cardiomyocytes derived from personalized PSCs are powerful tools for modeling heart disease and performing patient-based cardiac toxicity testing. However, these PSC-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) are a mixed population of atrial-, ventricular-, and pacemaker-like cells in the dish, hindering the future of precision cardiovascular medicine. Recent insights gleaned from the developing heart have paved new avenues to refine subtype-specific cardiomyocytes from patients with known pathogenic genetic variants and clinical phenotypes. Here, we discuss the recent progress on generating subtype-specific (atrial, ventricular, and nodal) cardiomyocytes from the perspective of embryonic heart development and how human pluripotent stem cells will expand our current knowledge on molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease and the future of precision medicine.
Exact β-function of Yang-Mills theory in 2+1 dimensions
Authors: Romatschke Paul 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
To set the stage, I discuss the β-function of the massless O(N) model in three dimensions, which can be calculated exactly in the large N limit. Then, I consider SU(N) Yang-Mills theory in 2+1 space-time dimensions. Relating the β-function to the expectation value of the action in lattice gauge theory, and the latter to the trace of the energy-momentum tensor, Is how that $$ \frac{d\ln {g}^2/\mu }{d\ln \mu }=-1 $$

d
ln

g
2

/
μ

d
ln
μ

=
−
1
for all g and all N in one particular renormalization scheme. As a consequence, I find that the Yang-Mills β-function in three dimensions must have the same sign for all finite and positive bare coupling parameters in any renormalization scheme, and all non-trivial infrared fixed points are unreachable in practice.
Holographic Wilson lines as screened impurities
Authors: Evans Nick , O’Bannon Andy , Rodgers Ronnie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn Landau Fermi liquids, screened impurities support quasi-bound states, representing electrons bound to the impurity but making virtual excursions away. Signals of these quasi-bound states are electron-impurity scattering phase shifts and the corresponding resonances in cross sections. We consider large-N, strongly-coupled (3 + 1)-dimensional$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 supersymmetric SU(N) Yang-Mills theory on the Coulomb branch, where an adjoint scalar has a non-zero expectation value that breaks SU(N)→SU(N −1)×U(1). In the holographic dual we re-visit well-known solutions for a probe D3-brane that describe this theory with a symmetric-representation Wilson line “impurity”. We present evidence that the adjoint scalar screens the Wilson line, by showing that quasi-bound states form at the impurity, producing U(1)-impurity scattering phase shifts and corresponding resonances in cross sections. The quasi-bound states appear holographically as quasi-normal modes of probe D3-brane fields, even in the absence of a black hole horizon, via a mechanism that we argue is generic to screened defects in holography. We also argue that well-known generalisations of these probe D3-brane solutions can describe lattices of screened Wilson/’t Hooft line impurities.
The quantum origins of non-topological vortices
Authors: Turner Carl 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We review some unusual facts about the theory of non-relativistic anyons in 2+1 dimensions, and use it as a laboratory to explore how interesting features of non­relativistic field theory correspond to those of many-body quantum mechanics. In particular, we offer an explanation of how Jackiw-Pi vortices arise as the classical limit of certain many-body states in the quantum mechanical theory. Along the way, we make various interesting observations about universal features of the spectrum of anyons subject to different amounts of tuning.
Magnetically trapped atoms in the vicinity of an optical nanofibre
Authors: Alampounti A. , Jenkins R. A. , Eriksson S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMagnetically trapped $$^{87}$$87Rb atoms have been observed near a single-mode optical nanofibre. Approximately $$1\times 10^6$$1×106 atoms were optically pumped to the $${|{F=2,m_\mathrm{F}=2}\rangle }$$|F=2,mF=2⟩ state and held in the trap with a trap lifetime of up to 2 s. The temperature of the atomic sample within the magnetic trap was measured to be below $$230\,\upmu \hbox {K}$$230μK. The compact vacuum system and high-temperature fibre feedthroughs are presented, and the feasibility of creating a quantum degenerate gas of ultracold neutral atoms near an optical nanofibre is discussed.
Engineering a growth-phase-dependent biosynthetic pathway for carotenoid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Su Buli , Song Dandan , Yang Fan , Zhu Honghui 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Metabolic engineering is usually focused on static control of microbial cell factories to efficient production of interested chemicals, though heterologous pathways compete with endogenous metabolism. However, products like carotenoids may cause metabolic burden on engineering strains, thus limiting product yields and influencing strain growth. Herein, a growth-phase-dependent regulation was developed to settle this matter, and its efficiency was verified using the heterogenous biosynthesis of lycopene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an example. Through growth-phase-dependent control of the lycopene biosynthetic pathway, limited step in MVA pathway, and competitive squalene pathway, production yield was increased by approximately 973-fold (from 0.034- to 33.1-mg/g CDW) and 1.48 g/L of production was obtained by one-stage fermentation in a 5-L bioreactor. Our study not only introduces an economically approach to the production of carotenoids, but also provides an example of dynamic regulation of biosynthetic pathways for metabolic engineering.
Balancing supply and demand in the presence of renewable generation via demand response for electric water heaters
Authors: Tammam Adham I. , Anjos Miguel F. , Gendreau Michel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith the increasing presence of renewable energy sources in the electrical power grid, demand response via thermostatic appliances such as electric water heaters is a promising way to compensate for the significant variability in renewable power generation. We propose a multistage stochastic optimization model that computes the optimal day-ahead target profile of the mean thermal energy contained in a large population of heaters, given various possible wind power production and uncontrollable load scenarios. This optimal profile is calculated to make the variable net demand as even as possible.
Encouraging Sustainable Behaviour Change via a Social Practice Approach: A Focus on Apparel Consumption Practices
Authors: McEachern M. G. , Middleton D. , Cassidy T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo encourage greater sustainability regarding apparel consumption practices, policymakers have traditionally focused on economic and/or social psychology frameworks which rely on information-based campaigns to achieve behavioural change. Whilst such campaigns have had limited success and received significant criticism, additional policy solutions are called for. In contrast to conventional behavioural change strategies, this study responds to calls for further methodological insight and explores the potential of creative methods such as upcycling workshops and contemplative theatre performance, as practice-based mechanisms to engender a greater understanding of the environmental impact of apparel consumption and help bring about behavioural change to current apparel consumption practice. Via the theoretical lens of behavioural change theory and contemplative performance practice, our findings reveal the dynamic and continuously reshaping nature of the apparel market, in that most of our participants were until recently unaware of the unsustainable nature of the apparel industry. Despite some participants citing barriers, such as a lack of time, peer pressure, and the desire to express a specific social identity, reactions to practice-based methods were overwhelmingly positive. Thus, initiating a more proactive engagement with sustainability issues as well as increased reflection and discussion on how they might modify current apparel consumption behaviours in the future. We conclude by making suggestions for policymakers regarding future sustainability initiatives.
Making Use of Existing International Legal Mechanisms to Manage the Global Antimicrobial Commons: Identifying Legal Hooks and Institutional Mandates
Authors: Rogers Van Katwyk Susan , Weldon Isaac , Giubilini Alberto , Kirchhelle Claas , Harrison Mark , McLean Angela , Savulescu Julian , Hoffman Steven J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent threat to global public health and development. Mitigating this threat requires substantial short-term action on key AMR priorities. While international legal agreements are the strongest mechanism for ensuring collaboration among countries, negotiating new international agreements can be a slow process. In the second article in this special issue, we consider whether harnessing existing international legal agreements offers an opportunity to increase collective action on AMR goals in the short-term. We highlight ten AMR priorities and several strategies for achieving these goals using existing “legal hooks” that draw on elements of international environmental, trade and health laws governing related matters that could be used as they exist or revised to include AMR. We also consider the institutional mandates of international authorities to highlight areas where additional steps could be taken on AMR without constitutional changes. Overall, we identify 37 possible mechanisms to strengthen AMR governance using the International Health Regulations, the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, the International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, and the Basel, Rotterdam, and Stockholm conventions. Although we identify many shorter-term opportunities for addressing AMR using existing legal hooks, none of these options are capable of comprehensively addressing all global governance challenges related to AMR, such that they should be pursued simultaneously with longer-term approaches including a dedicated international legal agreement on AMR.
iRhom2 in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Agwae Matthew E. , Shaw Richard J. , Triantafyllou Asterios , Greaney Frances S. T. , Ben Salah Khaled , Risk Janet M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractiRhom2 is an inactive rhomboid protease involved in diverse signalling events. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of cancer types, including oesophageal and ovarian cancer, while its closely associated family member, iRhom1, is implicated in head and neck cancer. However, a role for iRhom2 in head and neck cancer has not been investigated. Immunoblotting for iRhom2 in 54 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 24 paired normal tissues demonstrated higher levels of iRhom2 protein in tumour compared with normal samples (P < 0.05). iRhom2 over-expression correlated with poor patient survival (P < 0.0005) but with no other clinicopathological variable. Increased cell migration was observed in stably over-expressing iRhom2 clones of OSCC cell lines in the absence of increased cell proliferation, but not in the normal oral keratinocyte cell line, NOK-hTERT, and this was abrogated by knock-down of iRhom2. iRhom2 protein expression is increased in a proportion of OSCC and this up-regulation is associated with faster cell migration and decreased patient survival. These data implicate iRhom2-controlled signalling events in the pathogenesis of this cancer.
Learning About Science in Preschool: Play-Based Activities to Support Children’s Understanding of Chemistry Concepts
Authors: Adbo Karina , Vidal Carulla Clara 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe study explores children’s emerging understanding of an important science concept in chemistry. Play-based learning activities were designed for children to experience and imagine the concept of ‘small’ as used in chemistry, moving from the visually experienced level of ‘small’ towards more imaginative understandings. Data were collected through visual ethnography. Analyses of six vignettes of conversations between children and the teacher illustrate development of children’s understanding of the focus concept. Deconstruction of everyday items familiar to the children and visual computer animations provided experiences that enabled children to transition from a macro-level of understanding to visualise the molecular/atomic level to differentiate between macro- and micro-understandings of ‘small’. A process of ‘sustained shared thinking’ could describe the teaching/learning processes evident in the children’s and teacher’s conversations. The analyses suggest that sustained and shared conversations between children and teachers should stem from children’s everyday experiences.
Outcome of Aneurysmal Septum Primum with Non-restrictive Foramen Ovale in Fetuses with Structurally Normal Hearts: A Tertiary Center Experience
Authors: Ozel Aysegul , Dedeoglu Reyhan , Davutoglu Ebru Alici , Madazli Riza , Oztunc Funda 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this analysis was to study the postnatal short-term outcome of cases with aneurysmal septum primum (ASP) and non-restrictive foramen ovale in otherwise structurally normal hearts. This is a retrospective review of fetuses with ASP referred between 2016 and 2018 to the University Hospital of Cerrahpasa, Department of Fetal Cardiology for cardiac scanning. Prenatal and postnatal clinical features and outcomes for each case were ascertained from the departmental database and from individual clinical hospital records. We presented twenty-four cases which also had postnatal echocardiographic examination in our hospital. At the time of diagnosis of ASP, the mean maternal age was 31.1 ± 5.7 years, the mean gestational age was 28.9 ± 5.9 weeks, the mean birth week was 37.4 ± 3.1 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 2940.8 ± 736.6 g. The postnatal first 3 months prevalences of atrial septal aneurysm, patent foramen ovale and, secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) were 12.5%, 12.5%, 20.8% among fetuses with ASP, respectively. ASP may persist after birth and may increase the frequency of secundum ASD. These data suggest that fetuses with ASP should be followed by a pediatric cardiologist in postnatal life.
The Association Between Parent Engagement and Child Outcomes in Social Skills Training Programs: Discovering the Secret Agent Society in Partnership
Authors: Costley Debra , Baldwin Susanna , Clark Trevor , Howlin Patricia , Taffe John R. , Beaumont Renae , Gray Kylie M. , Einfeld Stewart L. , Smith-Merry Jennifer , Roberts Jacqueline , Sofronoff Kate 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrevious research in clinical, community, and school settings has demonstrated positive outcomes for the Secret Agent Society (SAS) social skills training program. This is designed to help children on the autism spectrum become more aware of emotions in themselves and others and to ‘problem-solve’ complex social scenarios. Parents play a key role in the implementation of the SAS program, attending information and support sessions with other parents and providing supervision, rewards, and feedback as their children complete weekly ‘home mission’ assignments. Drawing on data from a school-based evaluation of the SAS program, we examined whether parents’ engagement with these elements of the intervention was linked to the quality of their children’s participation and performance. Sixty-eight 8–14-year-olds (M age = 10.7) with a diagnosis of autism participated in the program. The findings indicated that ratings of parental engagement were positively correlated with children’s competence in completing home missions and with the quality of their contribution during group teaching sessions. However, there was a less consistent relationship between parental engagement and measures of children’s social and emotional skill gains over the course of the program.
Mars's Red (575–625 nm) Seasonal Approximate Reflectivity Averaged Over Mars Years 24–28 From Mars Orbiter Camera
Authors: Robbins Stuart J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft successfully orbited Mars for over nine Earth years, its instruments returning a plethora of data that still today form important, key data sets in Mars research. A relatively underutilized data set was returned from the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), specifically the wide‐angle component (MOC‐WA), despite returning over 150,000 images in “blue” and “red” wavelengths. The median imaging time of day was 14:00, resulting in few shadows, making it difficult to use for geology, while better cameras arrived within a few years. However, the limb‐to‐limb coverage of the MOC‐WA survey images provides an important resource, where the imaging time that was poor for geology is good for measuring reflectivity. To‐date, the only published albedo maps of Mars are from a companion MGS instrument, TES, with wide wavelength coverage and low spatial resolution, and the OMEGA instrument on Mars Express. Modern processing of the MOC‐WA images, presented here, allow for the creation of new reflectivity maps in a narrow wavelength range that can be used for photometric control of other data sets and understanding broad‐scale surface changes on Mars. Four reflectivity maps were made, at cardinal Ls points, averaging images taken within just a week of each Ls but across multiple Mars years. From these maps, several trends are revealed though most have been previously described, including significant differences in seasonal frost cover surrounding each residual polar ice cap, and significant changes across Syrtis Major, Solis Lacus, and the Tharsis volcanoes.
Soil Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Flux in a Mixed Hardwood Forest: Net Uptake at Warmer Temperatures and the Importance of Mycorrhizal Associations
Authors: Trowbridge A. M. , Stoy P. C. , Phillips R. P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBiogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) play important roles in ecological interactions and Earth system processes, yet the biological and physical processes that drive soil bVOC exchanges remain poorly understood. In temperate forests, nearly all tree species associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Given well‐established differences in soil biogeochemistry between AM‐dominated and ECM‐dominated stands, we hypothesized that bVOC exchanges with the atmosphere would differ between soils from the two stand types. We measured bVOC fluxes at the soil‐atmosphere interface in plots dominated by AM‐ and ECM‐associated trees in a deciduous forest in south‐central Indiana, USA during the early and late vegetative growing season. Soils in both AM‐ and ECM‐dominated plots were a net bVOC sink following leaf‐out and were a greater bVOC sink or smaller source at warmer soil temperatures (Ts). The flux of different bVOCs from ECM plots was often related to soil water content in addition to Ts. Methanol dominated total bVOC fluxes, and ECM soils demonstrated greater uptake relative to AM‐dominated plots, on the order of 170 nmol m−2 hr−1 during the early growing season. Our results demonstrate the importance of soil dynamics characterized by mycorrhizal associations to bVOC dynamics in forested ecosystems and emphasize the need to study bidirectional soil bVOC uptake and emission processes.
SPOP negatively regulates Toll-like receptor-induced inflammation by disrupting MyD88 self-association
Authors: Hu Yun-Hong , Wang Yang , Wang Fei , Dong Yan-Ming , Jiang Wan-Ling , Wang Ya-Ping , Zhong Xing , Ma Li-Xin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractToll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways need to be tightly controlled to avoid excessive inflammation and unwanted damage to the host. Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) is a critical adaptor of TLR signaling. Here, we identified the speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) as a MyD88-associated protein. SPOP was recruited to MyD88 following TLR4 activation. TLR4 activation also caused the translocation of SPOP from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. SPOP depletion promoted the aggregation of MyD88 and recruitment of the downstream signaling kinases IRAK4, IRAK1 and IRAK2. Consistently, overexpression of SPOP inhibited the TLR4-mediated activation of NF-κB and production of inflammatory cytokines, whereas SPOP depletion had the opposite effects. Furthermore, knockdown of SPOP increased MyD88 aggregation and inflammatory cytokine production upon TLR2, TLR7 and TLR9 activation. Our findings reveal a mechanism by which MyD88 is regulated and highlight a role for SPOP in limiting inflammatory responses.
Construction of an anchoring SSR marker genetic linkage map and detection of a sex-linked region in two dioecious populations of red bayberry
Authors: Wang Yan , Jia Hui-Min , Shen Yu-Tong , Zhao Hai-Bo , Yang Qin-Song , Zhu Chang-Qing , Sun De-Li , Wang Guo-Yun , Zhou Chao-Chao , Jiao Yun , Chai Chun-Yan , Yan Li-Ju , Li Xiong-Wei , Jia Hui-Juan , Gao Zhong-Shan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRed bayberry (Morella rubra) is an evergreen fruit tree found in southern China whose whole-genome sequence has recently been published. We updated the linkage map of the species by adding 118 SSR markers and the female-specific marker MrFT2_BD-SEX. The integrated map included eight linkage groups and spanned 491 cM. Eleven sex-associated markers were identified, six of which were located in linkage group 8, in agreement with the previously reported location of the sex-determining region. The MrFT2_BD-SEX marker was genotyped in 203 cultivated accessions. Among the females of the accessions, we found two female-specific alleles, designated W-b (151 bp) and W-d (129 bp). We previously found that‘Dongkui’, a female cultivar, could produce viable pollen (we refer to such plants‘Dongkui-male’) and serve as the paternal parent in crosses. The genotypes of the MrFT2_BD-SEX marker were W-b/Z in‘Biqi’and W-d/Z in‘Dongkui-male’. The progeny of a cross between these parents produced a 3:1 female (W-) to male (ZZ) ratio and the expected 1:1:1:1 ratio of W-b/W-d: W-b/Z: W-d/Z: Z/Z. In addition, the flowering and fruiting phenotypes of all the F1 progeny fit their genotypes. Our results confirm the existence of ZW sex determination and show that the female phenotype is controlled by a single dominant locus (W) in a small genomic region (59 kb and less than 3.3 cM). Furthermore, we have produced a homozygous “super female” (WW) that should produce all-female offspring in the F2 generation, providing a foundation for commercial use and presenting great potential for use in modern breeding programs.
Phenotypes of a family with XLH with a novel PHEX mutation
Authors: Yamamoto Akiko , Nakamura Toshiro , Ohata Yasuhisa , Kubota Takuo , Ozono Keiichi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractX-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is the most common form of heritable hypophosphatemic rickets. We encountered a 4-year-old boy with a novel variant in the phosphate-regulating neutral endopeptidase homolog X-linked (PHEX) gene who presented with a short stature, genu valgum, and scaphocephaly. The same mutation was identified in his mother and sister; however, the patient presented with a more severe case.