PEMUPUKAN DOSIS KALIUM TINGGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN BOBOT PIPILAN KERING JAGUNG DI LAHAN KERING JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Anggraeni Listy - , Fitria Riza Ulil , Istiqomah Nurul - 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKLahan kering di dataran rendah mempunyai iklim kering, sehingga curah hujan rendah, ketersediaan air sangat terbatas, evaporasi dan transpirasi tinggi. Akibatnya tingkat kesuburan tanah rendah. Peningkatan hasil pipilan kering jagung tergantung pada masukan pupuk N dan P anorganik yang tinggi, tetapi hal ini tidak efisien dan menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan NPK pada tanah. Pupuk kalium berfungsi meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil panen pipilan kering pada kondisi stres kelembaban di iklim kering. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kombinasi pupuk NPK dengan kalium dosis tinggi dan urea yang tepat untuk meningkatkan bobot pipilan kering jagung. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Pakong, Kecamatan Pakong, Kabupaten Pamekasan, menggunakan pupuk NPK 15-10-19. Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 10 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang dan diameter tongkol, bobot 100 butir dan hasil jagung pipilan kering. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA (Analisys of Variance) dilanjutkan DMRT pada α=5% dan analisis finansial menggunakan R/C ratio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk NPK 15-10-19 berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, panjang dan diameter tongkol, bobot 100 butir dan hasil jagung pipilan kering. Perlakuan pupuk 350 kg ha-1 Urea + 250 kg ha-1NPK 15-10-19 memberikan nilai R/C rasio yang lebih tinggi daripada perlakuan lainnya yaitu sebesar 2.14. Pupuk NPK 15-10-19 sebanyak 250 kg ha-1 + Urea 350 kg ha-1 merupakan usahatani yang paling menguntungkan dan mampu meningkatkan hasil jagung pipilan kering hingga 7.3 t ha-1. ABSTRACTDry-lowland has a dry climate, so rainfall is low, water availability is very limited, high evaporation and transpiration. That resulted in low fertility of soil. The increase in yield of dry shelled corn depend on high input of fertilizer N and P inorganic, but this way is not efficient and leads to an imbalance of NPK in soil. Potassium fertilizer works to increase the growth and yields of dry shelled on the stress conditions of moisture in dry climate. This research conducted to get a combination of NPK fertilizer with high dose of potassium and urea to increase the weight of dry shelled corn. Research conducted in the Village of Pakong sub-District Pakong, Pamekasan, using NPK fertilizer 15-10-19. A Randomized block is designed with 10 treatments and 3 replications. Variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, length and diameter of cob, weight of 100 grains and yield of dry shelled corn. Data was analyzed with ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) followed by DMRT at α=5%, and financial was analized using R/C ratio. The results showed that NPK fertilizer gave significant effect on plant height, length and diameter of cob, weight of 100 grains and yield of dry shelled corn. Treatment of 350 kg ha-1 Urea + 250 kg ha-1 NPK 15-10-19 gave higher R/C ratio than other treatment, which was 2.14. Application of NPK 15-10-19 + 250 kg ha-1 pottasium + 350 kg ha-1 urea was the most profitable and it increased the yield of shelled corn dried up to 7.3 t ha-1.