bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social media and drug resistance in nursing training: Using a Twitterchat to develop an international community of practice for antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Wright Rebecca , Ferguson Caleb , Bodrick Mustafa , Balkhy Hanan , Jackson Debra , Davidson Patricia M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo assess the impact of a Twitterchat focusing on antimicrobial resistance and it is feasibility for integration within a nursing prelicensure research methods class.BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest threats to global health and food security. Consequently, developing a global approach with large outreach is critical. Twitter, as a popular social media platform, is useful for creating communities of practice and communities of interest.DesignA case study design using a Twitterchat is a hosted, convened and focussed discussion on a particular topic using a discrete hashtag.MethodUsing a standardised protocol, a Twitterchat was undertaken over a 24‐hr period and digital metrics assessed at 72 hr. A summary of impact was undertaken using an online tool provided by Union Metrics (https://unionmetrics.com/).ConclusionsAt 72 hr, 2,632,762 accounts were reached and over 10 million impressions achieved. Twitterchats can be useful in creating awareness and fostering a community of interest and demonstrating the role of nurses in thought leadership. A formalised research study will draw on this case study to evaluate the impact on the Twitter participants and nursing students.Relevance to clinical practiceSocial media are an accessible and useful tool to harness focus and attention on clinical issues with global relevance. Demonstrating the utility and leverage to nursing students is important in increasing their understanding of the importance of communication and diffusion of information.
Verdant Vernaculars: Corsican Environmental Assemblages
Authors: Mendes Alexander 
Published: January 2020

Environmental efforts on Corsica abound and often make use of the local language. In this article, I survey the semiotics of different ‘green’ artefacts and the use of Corsican therein. Based on ethnographic data including pedagogical tools (textbooks) and practices (field trips), artefacts from ecotourism (pamphlets) and everyday items (grocery bags), and photographs of the linguistic landscape, I illustrate the workings of minority language use in everyday environmental activism. Posthumanist orientations to language and communication underlie the analysis of green Corsican assemblages, products of and catalysts for the coming‐together of disparate resources that construct a unique stewardship.
Enhanced dual function of osteoclast precursors following calvarial Porphyromonas gingivalis infection
Authors: Cai Xia , Li Zhaofei , Zhao Yanfang , Katz Jenny , Michalek Suzanne M. , Feng Xu , Li Yuhong , Zhang Ping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveExcessive osteoclast activity is a major characteristic of pathogenic bone loss in inflammatory bone diseases including periodontitis. However, beyond the knowledge that osteoclasts are differentiated from the monocyte/macrophage lineage and share common ancestry with macrophages and DC, the nature and function of osteoclast precursors are not completely understood. Furthermore, little is known about how osteoclast precursors respond to bacterial infection in vivo. We have previously demonstrated in vitro that the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) plays a biphasic role on the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)–induced osteoclast differentiation. In this study, we investigated the in vivo effect of Pg infection on the regulation of osteoclast precursors, using a mouse calvarial infection model.Methods and resultsC57BL/6 wild‐type and the myeloid differentiation factor 88 knockout (MyD88−/−) mice were infected with Pg by calvarial injection. Local and systemic bone loss, and the number and function of CD11b+c‐fms+ cells from bone marrow and spleen were analyzed. Our results show that Pg infection induces localized inflammatory infiltration and osteoclastogenesis, as well as increased number and osteoclastogenic potential of CD11b+c‐fms+ osteoclast precursors in the bone marrow and periphery. We also show that CD11b+c‐fms+RANK+ and CD11b+c‐fms+RANK− are precursors with similar osteoclastogenic and pro‐inflammatory potentials. In addition, CD11b+c‐fms+ cells exhibit an antigen‐specific T‐cell immune‐suppressive activity, which are increased with Pg infection. Moreover, we demonstrate that MyD88 is involved in the regulation of osteoclast precursors upon Pg infection.ConclusionsIn this study, we demonstrate an enhanced dual function of osteoclast precursors following calvarial Pg infection. Based on our findings, we propose the following model: Pg infection increases a pool of precursor cells that can be shunted toward osteoclast formation at the infection/inflammation sites, while at the same time dampening host immune responses, which is beneficial for the persistence of infection and maintenance of the characteristic chronic nature of periodontitis. Understanding the nature, function, and regulation of osteoclast precursors will be helpful for identifying therapeutic interventions to aid in the control and prevention of inflammatory bone loss diseases including periodontitis.
Association between forkhead box E1 polymorphisms and risk of non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xiao Wen‐lin , Jia Kai‐ning , Yu Guo , Zhao Ning 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present work was to investigate the association between forkhead box E1 (FOXE1) and the risk of non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P).Materials and MethodsRelevant studies were searched in several professional databases up to 31 July 2019. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using a fixed‐effect model or a random‐effect model to analyse the relationship between FOXE1 polymorphisms and NSCL/P.ResultsA total of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs3758249, rs4460498, rs1443434 and rs10217225, were analysed. The overall findings showed that FOXE1 rs4460498 was statistically associated with NSCL/P (including cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CPO)). Genotypes CC and CT of rs4460498 were significantly more closely correlated with NSCL/P (including CL/P and CPO) than genotype TT (NSCL/P: TT vs CC, OR = 0.630, P = .000; TT vs TC + CC, OR = 0.775, P = .020; CL/P: TT vs CC, OR = 0.664, P = .000; TT vs TC + CC, OR = 0.738, P = .006. CPO: TT vs CC, OR = 0.761, P = .027; TT vs TC + CC, OR = 0.792, P = .045). For rs10217225, only the TT genotype might have contributed to the elevated risk of CL/P (TT vs CC OR = 2.236, P = .000). The other FOXE1 polymorphisms were not associated with NSCLP, CL/P or CPO.ConclusionThe meta‐analysis provided confirmation that the polymorphism of FOXE1 rs10217225 was correlated with an increased risk of CL/P, and the polymorphism of FOXE1 rs4460498 was a protective factor for NSCL/P, including CLP and CPO.
Peanut allergy diagnosis: Moving from basic to more elegant testing
Authors: Krogulska Aneta , Wood Robert A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPeanut allergy (PNA) is an IgE‐mediated immune disorder, which merits particular attention due to its impact on the health and quality of life of millions of patients worldwide. PNA tends to develop in early life and resolves in only 20% of peanut‐allergic children. It accounts for the majority of severe food‐related allergic reactions. An accurate diagnosis of PNA is vital. In this review, we present the approach to the diagnosis of peanut allergy, starting from the history and proceeding to measures of overall sensitization and then to component‐resolved diagnostics and oral food challenges as indicated. Additional testing in development includes basophil activation testing and determination of epitopes for peanut‐allergic responses. Based on the literature, stepwise approaches and predictive models for diagnosing PNA are also presented.
The influence of social media on acne treatment: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Yousaf Ahmed , Hagen Rachael , Delaney Emily , Davis Stephen , Zinn Zachary 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesSocial media use has been suggested to worsen psychiatric health among adolescents, especially those with visible skin lesions including acne. However, little is known about social media's impact on acne treatment. The purpose of the study sought to characterize the influence of social media use on acne treatment.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey of West Virginia University ambulatory patients whose chief complaint was acne was conducted. The survey collected sociodemographics and queried whether individuals accessed social media for acne treatment advice or not, whether changes to acne care were made based on social media, and whether these changes aligned with the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) clinical guidelines for acne management.ResultsOf 130 respondents, 45% consulted social media for acne treatment advice (54% of women vs 31% of men). 41% of adolescents and 51% of adults consulted social media. The most used platforms were YouTube and Instagram (58% each). Social media users often tried an OTC treatment (81%) or dietary modification (40%). However, only 31% of participants consulting social media made changes fully aligned with AAD clinical guidelines.ConclusionsSocial media‐influenced acne treatment advice is prevalent, especially among women, adolescents, and young adults. This treatment advice frequently does not align with AAD guidelines, with notably 40% of respondents choosing dietary modification for acne management. These results suggest that dermatologists should inquire about social media acne treatment advice and directly address misinformation.
Good response to pulsed dye laser in patients with capillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation syndrome (CM‐AVM)
Authors: Iznardo Helena , Roé Esther , Puig Luis , Vikula Mikka , López‐Sánchez Cristina , Baselga Eulalia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCapillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation syndrome (CM‐AVM) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by heterozygous mutations in RASA1 and EPHB4. Capillary stains in CM‐AVM are compatible with Schöbinger's phase I AVMs. Vascular laser has been classically contraindicated for the treatment of AVMs, as there is a fear of accelerating their progression. In this study, we have treated capillary stains in five CM‐AVM patients with pulsed dye laser, with improvement and without worsening or recurrence of the lesions after 1 year of clinical and ultrasound follow‐up.
Skin cleansing and topical product use in patients with epidermolysis bullosa: Results from a multicenter database
Authors: Shayegan Leila H. , Levin Laura E. , Galligan Eloise R. , Lucky Anne W. , Bruckner Anna L. , Pope Elena , Lara‐Corrales Irene , Wiss Karen , McCuaig Catherine C. , Garzon Maria C. , Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Hook Kristen P. , Browning John C. , Schachner Lawrence A. , Perman Marissa J. , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie , Levy Moise L. , Glick Sharon A. , Morel Kimberly D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) comprises a group of inherited skin blistering diseases. There is currently no cure, and management includes skin protection and prevention of infection. To date, there has been no systematic investigation of home skin care practices among EB patients on a multicenter scale.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, observational study included data collected from patients with EB enrolled in the Epidermolysis Bullosa Characterization and Clinical Outcomes Database (EBCCOD) who provided answers to a patient‐directed questionnaire between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2017.ResultsOf 202 respondents, 130 (64.4%) had dystrophic EB, 51 (25.2%) had EB simplex, 21 (7.4%) had junctional EB, 3 (1.5%) had Kindler syndrome, and 3 (1.5%) had an unspecified subtype. Seventy‐eight patients reported cleansing in plain water only (39%). Of those who used an additive in their cleansing water, 75 (57%) added salt, 71 (54%) added bleach, 36 (27%) added vinegar, and 34 (26%) endorsed the use of an “other” additive (multiple additives possible). Reported concentrations of additives ranged widely from 0.002% sodium hypochlorite and 0.002% acetic acid solutions, which are thought to have negligible effects on microbes, to 0.09% sodium hypochlorite and 0.156% acetic acid, concentrations shown to be cytotoxic. One hundred eighty‐eight patients answered questions regarding topical product use (93%). Of those, 131 reported topical antimicrobial use (70%). Mupirocin and bacitracin were the most commonly reported topical antibiotics (59, 58 [31.4%, 30.9%], respectively).ConclusionsThese findings highlight the variety of skin care routines and frequent use of topical antimicrobials among EB patients and have potential implications for antibiotic resistance. The reported range of bleach and vinegar additives to cleansing water, including cytotoxic concentrations, emphasizes the need for clear and optimized skin cleansing recommendations.
A comparison of ten digestive enzymes reveals a lack of chitinase in a phasmid and the loss of two β‐glucanases in a mantid
Authors: Woodring Joseph 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn all developmental stages, the phasmid Peruphasma schultei (Conle & Hennemann, 2005) is an obligate herbivore, whereas the mantid Hierodula membranacea (Burmeister, 1838) is an obligatory carnivore. In P. schultei, the luminal activity of all enzymes is approxximately 50% in the crop and 50% in the midgut, which corresponds to the approximate 50 : 50 ratio of volumes of these two regions. These ratios would be expected in insects with a constant feeding rate on an unvaried diet. The enzyme activity and volume ratios in Hierodula membranacea vary considerably because of the irregular feeding habits. These differences in activity ratios between phasmids and mantids are not associated with the obligate phytophagous or carnivorous diet. The ratio of membrane bound to luminal aminopeptidases and disaccharidases in the midgut of both species are not significantly different and are within the normal range of other paurometabolous insects. Cellobiase and other plant cell wall digesting enzymes, laminarinase and cellobiase, are present in the phasmid but totally lacking in the mantid. The obligate carnivorous feeding habits of mantids could represent a selective factor leading to the loss of the ability to produce β‐glucanases. Chitinase is a moulting enzyme in all insects, whereas, in H. membranacea, chitinase also occurs as a luminal digestive enzyme. This modified enzyme function requires production and secretion in another tissue, namely the midgut.
Spatiotemporal dynamics and modelling support the case for area‐wide management of citrus greasy spot in a Brazilian smallholder farming region
Authors: Laranjeira Francisco F. , Silva Suely X. B. , Murray‐Watson Rachel E. , Soares Ana C. F. , Santos‐Filho Hermes P. , Cunniffe Nik J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCitrus greasy spot (CGS), caused byZasmidium citri, induces premature defoliation and yield loss inCitrusspp. The epidemiology of CGS is well understood in high humidity areas, but remains unaddressed in Brazil, despite differing climatic conditions and disease management practices. The spatiotemporal dynamics of CGS were characterized in the Recôncavo of Bahia (Brazil) at four hierarchical levels (quadrant, plant, grove, and region). A survey conducted in 19 municipalities found the disease to be present throughout the region with an incidence of 100% in groves and plants, and higher than 70% on leaves. Index of dispersion (D) values suggest the spatial pattern of units with symptoms lies between random and regular. This was confirmed by the parameters of the binary power law for plants and their quadrants (log[A] < 0 andb < 1). No consistent differences were observed in the disease incidence at different plant heights. We introduce a compartmental model synthesizing CGS epidemiology. The collected data allow such a model to be parameterized, albeit with some ambiguity over the proportion of new infections that result from inoculum produced within the grove versus external sources of infection. By extending the model to include two populations of growers—those who control and those who do not—coupled by airborne inoculum, we investigate likely performance of cultural controls accessible to citrus growers in northeastern Brazil. The results show that control via removal of fallen leaves can be very effective. However, successful control is likely to require area‐wide strategies in which a large proportion of growers actively manage disease.
Physician reimbursement for outpatient dialysis care: Past, present, and future
Authors: Anumudu Samaya J. , Erickson Kevin F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEver since Medicare began covering nearly every patient with end‐stage renal disease in the United States, reimbursement for dialysis services has deviated from traditional fee‐for‐service. The method of reimbursing physicians for outpatient dialysis care has undergone a series of reforms in an effort to improve the overall quality of dialysis care and to control healthcare costs—changes that we are still seeing today. In 2004, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) changed the Monthly Capitation Payment (MCP) for physician reimbursement to the tiered fee‐for‐service system that is used today. This most recent reform encouraged more frequent face‐to‐face visits to patients receiving dialysis. While the quantity of visits increased in response to the change in reimbursement, the quality of care did not meaningfully improve, the policy may have had unintended negative health consequences and may have led to increases in wasteful physician and advanced practitioner effort. There are several promising opportunities to reform economic incentives around physician dialysis care that could improve the quality and value of care. These include new pay‐for‐performance initiatives, implementing incentives for high‐quality care within fully capitated payment models, and reforming the MCP itself to link payment to high‐value dialysis services.
An Evidence‐Based Rationale for Adopting Weight‐Inclusive Health Policy
Authors: Hunger Jeffrey M. , Smith Joslyn P. , Tomiyama A. Janet 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHealth policies routinely emphasize weight loss as a target for health promotion. These policies rest upon the assumptions: (1) that higher body weight equals poorer health, (2) that long‐term weight loss is widely achievable, and (3) that weight loss results in consistent improvements in physical health. Our review of the literature suggests that these three assumptions underlying the current weight‐focused approach are not supported empirically. Complicating this further are the misguided assumptions (4) that weight stigma (i.e., pervasive social devaluation and denigration of higher weight individuals) promotes weight loss and (5) recognizing that one is “overweight” is necessary to spur health‐promoting behaviors. We highlight throughout how these assumptions have manifested in current policies and offer suggestions for alternative approaches to health promotion. We conclude by advocating for the broad adoption of a weight‐inclusive approach to health policy.
Design of Control Laws Based on Inverted Decoupling and Linear Matrix Inequality for a Turboprop Engine
Authors: Chen Huairong , Wang Xi , Zhu Meiyin , Gu Nannan , Yang Shubo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a systematic approach to design control laws for a turboprop engine. The proposed approach includes interactions decoupling and control laws design based on linear matrix inequality (LMI). First, since the main objective of the turboprop engine control system is to ensure propeller-absorbed power at a constant propeller speed, the linear model of a turboprop engine can be linearized into a two-input two-output (TITO) plants, and there exist the interactions between two control loops. Because inverted decoupling can well retain the dynamic characteristics of the original system, it is used to decouple the interactions so that the TITO plant can be divided into two single-input single-output plants, that is, gas-generator shaft speed is controlled by fuel flowrate and power turbine shaft speed is controlled by blade angle. Then, the control laws are designed separately for each control loop by solving the LMI group derived from static output feedback (SOF) and regional pole placement. Finally, the proposed approach is implemented on a two-spool turboprop engine (TSTPE) integrated model. The simulation results show that there exist strong interactions between two control loops of TSTPE, applying inverted decoupling to decouple these interactions is effective, and the gas-generator shaft speed and the power turbine speed can track their commands with appropriate performance by controlling the fuel flowrate and blade angle under the action of the designed control laws and inverted decoupling.
Facile Preparation of a Surface-Enriched Pt Layer Over Pd/C as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalyst With Enhanced Activity and Stability
Authors: Bhuvanendran Narayanamoorthy , Ravichandran Sabarinathan , Xu Qian , Pasupathi Sivakumar , Su Huaneng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Pt-enriched surface layer formation on Vulcan carbon-supported Pd (Pt@Pd/C) was successfully prepared through a simple and one-pot formic acid reduction approach without any stabilizing agent. The electrocatalytic performance of Pt@Pd/C catalyst toward an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium was studied and also compared with standard carbon-supported Pt (Pt/C) and Pd (Pd/C) catalysts. The Pt@Pd/C exhibits higher electrochemical active surface area (74.7 m2/g) and mass activity (1.38 mA/µg) than Pt/C, Pd/C, and contending with standard reported catalysts. In durability tests, Pt@Pd/C showed negligible loss of intrinsic activity (∼10%) after 10,000 cycles which confirmed improved stability than Pt-based catalysts for ORR in KOH medium. This improved electrocatalytic performance could be attributed to their structural characteristics of the Pt-enriched surface layer on Pd/C-core and the compressive lattice strain on Pt. The present investigation demonstrates the simple preparation procedure for surface-enriched Pt on Pd/C and its improved performance for ORR, suggesting that it is a promising contender to benchmark ORR catalysts for alkaline fuel cells.
An Extended Eddy-Preserving Scheme for Strong Vortical Flows
Authors: Yang Liu , Jiang Yao , Nadarajah Siva 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The eddy-preserving limiter has been demonstrated to outperform the conventional van Albada limiter for monotone upstream-centered schemes for conservation laws (MUSCL) for vortical flows. It reduces the dissipation by inactivating the conventional van Albada limiter in the interpolation of velocity components on the swirl plane of the vortex. In this work, we extend the limiter for the interpolation of pressure since a minimum pressure often exists along the axis of a free vortex. Three-dimensional vortex advection cases are employed to demonstrate the effects of the novel scheme. An extended eddy-preserving limiter scheme has been demonstrated to further improve the preservation of the pressure extrema. Finally, the scheme is applied to flow through a draft tube and the numerical results are compared against experimental data.