bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of neural stem cell aging through the transient induction of reprogramming factors
Authors: Han Min Ji , Lee Won Ji , Choi Joonhyuk , Hong Yean Ju , Uhm Sang Jun , Choi Youngsok , Do Jeong Tae 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdult stem cells age during long‐term in vitro culture, and neural stem cells (NSCs), which can self‐renew and differentiate into neurons and glial cells, also display reduced differentiation potential after repeated passaging. However, the mechanistic details underlying this process remain unclear. In this study, we found that long‐term in vitro culture of NSCs resulted in aging‐related upregulation of inflammatory‐ and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐related genes, including the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)1β and IL6, the senescence‐associated enzyme matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13), and the ER stress‐responsive transcription factor activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). However, the cyclic and transient induction of four reprogramming factors (POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1, also known as octamer‐binding transcription factor 4; SRY [sex determining region Y]‐box 2; Kruppel‐like factor 4; and myelocytomatosis oncogene; collectively referred to as OSKM) can inhibit NSC aging, as indicated by the decreased expression of the inflammatory and ER stress‐related genes. We used ROSA‐4F NSCs, which express OSKM from only one allele, to minimize the potential for full reprogramming or tumor formation during NSC rejuvenation. We expect that this novel rejuvenation method will enhance the potential of NSCs as a clinical approach to the treatment of neurological diseases.
Oxidative Originators of Graphene Barrier Coating Grown on Surfaces
Authors: Yuan Aiheng , Guan Ran , Luo Birong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGraphene coating has been proposed to be a promising oxidation barrier for metals because of its chemical inertia and physical impermeability. Nevertheless, chemical vapor deposition (CVD)‐grown graphene on metal surfaces results in many structural defects and growth imperfections, which would serve as oxidative originators and favor a substantial galvanic corrosion at such interfaces in the long term. On this basis, oxidative originators including graphene structural defects and CVD growth imperfections of graphene on copper have been reviewed from the perspective of CVD growth of graphene. The associated oxidation processes and long‐term corrosion mechanisms as a protective coating for Cu are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and potential improvement of graphene and graphene‐like materials grown on surfaces as a barrier coating are outlooked. We aim to providing comprehensive knowledge about the relationship between various graphene defects/growth imperfections and the oxidation/corrosion mechanisms as a protective coating, seeking a roadmap to promote the development of cheap, powerful and effective barrier technologies based on such ultrathin two‐dimensional materials.
Changes in Electron Structure of the Triple Bond in Substituted Acetylene and Diacetylene Derivatives
Authors: Jabłoński Mirosław , Krygowski Tadeusz M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe substituent effect is usually considered by means of various Hammett‐like substituent constants and is most often related to aromatic systems. Unlike this, we present results of our research on the influence of 27 substituents spanning a wide range of electronic properties, from strongly electron‐withdrawing to strongly electron‐donating, on the electron structure of X‐substituted acetylenes and diacetylenes – thus the systems which until now have practically not been subject of any deeper studies. It is shown that the interaction through triple bond(s) is associated with a significant advantage of resonance effects and that the substituent effect transmitted by the C≡C−C≡C unit is about half of that transmitted by the C≡C unit alone. Substituent X mainly affects the closest carbon atom by means of proximity effect, hence changes of charge on this atom do not follow any substituent constants. The effect on further carbon atoms is much smaller. The presence of the C≡C−C≡C unit withdraws more charge from X than a triple bond alone, and hinders communication between X and the terminal H atom. Comparison of substituent effects to those present in X‐substituted benzene derivatives shows that the electronic properties of the terminal hydrogen atom in acetylenes and diacetylenes are most similar to the electronic properties of ortho and para hydrogen atoms in X‐substituted benzene derivatives.
Scalable Fabrication of Biophotoelectrodes by Means of Automated Airbrush Spray‐Coating
Authors: Bobrowski Tim , Conzuelo Felipe , Ruff Adrian , Hartmann Volker , Frank Anna , Erichsen Thomas , Nowaczyk Marc M. , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe fabrication and electrochemical evaluation of transparent photoelectrodes consisting of Photosystem I (PSI) or Photosystem II (PSII) is described, which are embedded and electrically wired by a redox polymer. The fabrication process is performed by an automated airbrush‐type spray coating system, which ensures controlled and scalable electrode preparation. As proof of concept, electrodes with a surface area of up to 25 cm2 were prepared. The macro‐porous structure of the indium tin oxide electrodes allows a high loading of the photoactive protein complexes leading to enhanced photocurrents, which are essential for potentially technologically relevant solar‐powered devices. In addition, we show that unpurified crude PSII extracts, which can be provided in comparatively high yields for electrode modification, are suitable for photoelectrode fabrication with comparable photocurrent densities.
Dual blockade of EGFR and VEGFR pathways: Results from a pilot study evaluating apatinib plus gefitinib as a first‐line treatment for advanced EGFR‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhonghan , Zhang Yang , Luo Fan , Ma Yuxiang , Fang Wenfeng , Zhan Jing , Li Su , Yang Yunpeng , Zhao Yuanyuan , Hong Shaodong , Zhou Ting , Zhang Yaxiong , Zhao Shen , Huang Yan , Zhao Hongyun , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDual blockade of both EGFR and VEGFR pathways in EGFR‐mutant NSCLC have shown enhanced antitumor efficacy versus EGFR‐TKIs alone. Apatinib is an orally effective VEGFR‐2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). This pilot study aims to evaluate the tolerability, pharmacokinetic profile, and antitumor activity of apatinib plus gefitinib as a therapy for EGFR‐mutant advanced NSCLC.MethodsAdvanced non‐squamous NSCLC participants harbored with the EGFR 19 deletion or the 21 L858R point mutation were included. There were two cohorts: Cohort A: apatinib 500 mg + gefitinib 250 mg. Cohort B: apatinib 250 mg + gefitinib 250 mg. The primary endpoint was safety profile. Other endpoints consisted of PK analysis, objective response rate (ORR), and progression‐free survival (PFS). Exploratory analysis was conducted using next‐generation sequencing of plasma circulating‐tumor DNA.ResultsBetween July 2016 and April 2017, 13 of NSCLC patients were recruited. Six patients were pooled in Cohort A, while seven patients were in Cohort B. Adverse events (AEs) were tolerable (mostly grade 1–2) and the treatment‐related AEs were similar in both cohorts: rash (100% vs 71.4%), diarrhea (66.7% vs 71.4%), hypertension (66.7% vs 71.4%), proteinuria (66.7% vs 42.9%), and hand‐foot skin reaction (33.3% vs 28.6%). The area under plasma concentration‐time curve for the steady state of apatinib was 2864.73 ± 2605.54 ng mL–1 h–1 in Cohort A and 2445.09 ± 1550.89 ng mL–1 h–1 in Cohort B. Of the 11 patients evaluable for efficacy, Cohort A achieved an ORR of 80.0% and reached a median PFS of 19.2 months, while it was 83.3% and 13.4 months in Cohort B. Patients without a concomitant mutation at baseline had a prolonged PFS tendency (20.99 months v 13.21 months, P = .0624). The EGFR‐T790M mutation remained the dominant resistance mechanism.ConclusionApatinib (500 mg) plus gefitinib (250 mg) showed a tolerable safety profile and encouraging antitumor activity for advanced EGFR‐mutant NSCLC in the first‐line setting. Phase III trials of apatinib (500 mg) plus gefitinib (250 mg) are warranted.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, NCT02824458, date of registration June 23, 2016.
Life‐Saving Microscopy Method for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Schubert Walter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe submission describes in the form of a communication recent experiences with a promising new therapeutic approach for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This approach is based on imaging cycler microscopy that led to the discovery of ALS specific cells in the blood, which invade the pyramidal system (lateral corticospinal tract) of ALS patients, where they compress motor axons. The depletion of these cells leads to remission of clinical symptoms and demonstrates the important role of these cells in ALS. The therapy will be offered to ALS patients in licensed and certified centers (in progress). © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Disentangling landscape and local drivers of ground‐dwelling beetle community assembly in an urban ecosystem
Authors: Perry Kayla I. , Hoekstra Nicole C. , Delgado de la flor Yvan A. , Gardiner Mary M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCommunity assembly is the process by which local communities are organized and maintained from the regional species pool. Understanding processes of insect assembly are of interest in “shrinking” cities where vacant land has become abundant as a result of protracted economic decline and population loss. Vacant land represents a viable conservation space for insects such as beetles that contribute to ecosystem services including pest suppression, decomposition, and nutrient cycling. However, the inherent heterogeneity of cities may pose challenges for beetle dispersal from source populations, while quality of the urban environment may constrain establishment. The objective of this study was to investigate the constraints to ground‐dwelling beetle community assembly in vacant lots and pocket prairies of Cleveland, Ohio using a functional trait‐based approach. Functional traits with a strong predictive capacity for ecological functions were measured on beetle species collected via pitfall traps. Assembly of beetle communities was primarily constrained by dispersal limitations to colonization. Over 93% of species found within treatments were capable of flight, and functional diversity of beetle communities was higher across all treatments than expected by chance. Once beetles colonized, successful establishment was influenced by heavy metal contamination and mowing frequency, with these disturbances shaping communities based on body size, antennae length, and origin. Colonization of dispersal‐limited species could be facilitated by increasing connectivity among greenspaces in cities, while establishment could be enhanced by managing local environmental conditions. Understanding how insect communities are structured in urban ecosystems provides context for observed patterns of biodiversity, advances conservation efforts, and fosters ecosystem services.
Isolated LLC converter for PEV charging for wide‐range voltage gain using six‐switch bridge
Authors: Kinoshita Yuki , Haga Hitoshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a dual LLC converter based on a six‐switch bridge to charge deeply depleted plug‐in electric vehicle onboard battery packs. The primary‐side switch network comprises an input series or parallel, and two types of transformer‐independent modes. Thus, there are four operation modes. In the input series mode, normalized voltage gains are scaled to 0.5; therefore, a low output voltage can be obtained. In addition, in the input parallel mode, the normalized voltage gains are scaled to 2.0. These four modes operate at the resonant frequency at the switching frequency. Therefore, the efficiency performance can be optimized over a wide output voltage range. The validity of the proposed system is confirmed with a 1‐kW prototype.
MDSC subtypes and CD39 expression on CD8+ T cells predict the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC
Authors: Koh Jiae , Kim Youjin , Lee Kyoung Young , Hur Joon Young , Kim Mi Soon , Kim Boram , Cho Hee Jin , Lee Yeong Chan , Bae Yeon Hee , Ku Bo Mi , Sun Jong‐Mu , Lee Se‐Hoon , Ahn Jin Seok , Park Keunchil , Ahn Myung‐Ju 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe major suppressive immune cells in tumor sites are myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), and Treg cells, and the major roles of these suppressive immune cells include hindering T‐cell activities and supporting tumor progression and survival. In this study, we analyzed the pattern of circulating MDSC subtypes in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whether those suppressive immune cells hinder T‐cell activities leading to poor clinical outcomes. First, we verified PMN‐MDSCs, monocytic‐MDSCs (M‐MDSCs), and Treg cells increased according to the stages of NSCLC, and MDSCs effectively suppressed T‐cell activities and induced T‐cell exhaustion. The analysis of NSCLC patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy demonstrated that low PMN‐MDSCs, M‐MDSCs, and CD39+CD8+ T cells as an individual and all together were associated with longer progression free survival and overall survival, suggesting PMN‐MDSCs, M‐MDSCs, and CD39+CD8+ T cells frequencies in peripheral blood might be useful as potential predictive and prognostic biomarkers.
Using directed graphs to define viewpoints to keep a metamodel, an architecture framework and views using different modeling languages consistent
Authors: Plum Nic 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKeeping an architecture description of a complex system consistent is difficult. View content is specified by viewpoints which draw upon an underlying metamodel. Viewpoints need to define consistency rules. This becomes increasingly hard as the metamodel size and the number of viewpoints increase. Use of an architecture description language (ADL) such as the Unified Modeling Language (UML) complicates this further because its metamodel may not be able to implement the triples in the AD metamodel and therefore one or more views requiring use of an additional ADL. Even for an architecture framework with a small footprint, such as TRAK, it is a time‐consuming and error‐prone process to keep the metamodel, viewpoint definitions, and implementation consistent. To tackle these TRAK has been modeled by creating views against five viewpoints. These viewpoints can be used to define a metamodel, define the viewpoints for an architecture framework, assess the implementation using one or more ADLs, and record model changes over time. The viewpoint definitions and views are wholly graph‐based and provide a mechanism to define allowed and minimum view content. Views and viewpoints can be read as simple assertions requiring no technical knowledge and support query and analysis. The viewpoint definitions have been validated against a model of TRAK held in a Neo4J graph database. This showed that the TRAK metamodel contains c 750 triples not 500 as had been previously thought. It also identified metamodel elements missing from one of the UML profiles. Example views are provided together with CYPHER queries.
Development of an improved divergence‐free‐condition compensated coupled framework to solve flow problems with time‐varying geometries
Authors: Chiu Pao‐Hsiung , Poh Hee Joo 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn this article a coupled version of the improved divergence‐free‐condition compensated method will be proposed to simulate time‐varying geometries by direct forcing immersed boundary method. The proposed method can be seen as a quasi‐multi‐moment framework due to the fact that the momentum equations are discretized by both cell‐centered and cell‐face velocity. For simulating time‐varying geometries, a semi‐implicit iterative method is proposed for calculating the direct forcing terms. Treatments for suppressing spurious force oscillations, calculating drag/lift forces, and evaluating velocity and pressure for freshly cells will also be addressed. In order to show the applicability and accuracy, analytical as well as benchmark problems will be investigated by the present framework and compared with other numerical and experimental results.
Using of an Electrochemical Compressor for Hydrogen Recirculation in Fuel Cell Vehicles
Authors: Wiebe W. , v. Unwerth T. , Schmitz S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe automotive industry sees hydrogen‐powered fuel cell (FC) drives as a promising option with a high range and short refueling time. Current research aims to increase the profitability of the fuel cell system by reducing hydrogen consumption. This study suggests the use of an electrochemical hydrogen compressor (EHC) for hydrogen recirculation. Compared to mechanical compressors, the EHC is very efficient due to the almost isothermal conditions and due to its modular structure, can only take up a minimal amount of space in vehicles. In addition, gas separation and purification of the hydrogen takes place in an EHC, which is a significant advantage over the standard recirculation with a blower or a jet pump. The high purity of the hydrogen at the cathode outlet of the EHC, also increased partial pressure of the hydrogen at the fuel cell inlet and its efficiency. The study carried out shows that replacing the blower with the EHC reduces the hydrogen loss by purging by up to ∼95% and the efficiency of the FC system could be further improved. Thus, the EHC has a great potential for recycling hydrogen in FC systems in the automotive industry and is a great alternative to the current blower.
Enhancing managerial equity incentives with moving average payoffs
Authors: Tian Yisong S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrior research suggests that Asian stock options provide stronger managerial equity incentives than traditional stock options do, holding the cost of the option grant constant. Although this is true on the grant date, it is not over the life of the option grant. Very little of the initial advantage remains after 2 years because Asian stock options have diminishing incentive effects over time. A simple solution is to replace averaging over the option's life with averaging over a moving window. We show that moving average options do not have the diminishing incentive problem and are effective in preventing managerial gaming.
Subjective memory complaints predict poorer functional recovery during the first year following hip‐fracture surgery among elderly adults
Authors: Liu Hsin‐Yun , Wang Hsiao‐Ping , Chen Ching‐Yen , Wu Chi‐Chuan , Hua Mau‐Sun , Lin Yueh‐E , Lin Ya‐Chi , Shyu Yea‐Ing L. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesSubjective memory complaints (SMCs) in the elderly are associated with poor recovery in performing activities of daily living. This study was designed to examine SMCs and their association with recovery and health outcomes of older persons within 1 year following hospital discharge after hip‐fracture surgery.MethodsData were collected between 2012 and 2015 from 194 hip‐fractured elders in northern Taiwan. SMCs were assessed by the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire. Recovery outcomes included self‐care ability (activities of daily living [ADLs] and instrumental activities of daily living [IADLs]), physical function (range of motion and maximal muscle strength), cognitive function, delirium, depressive symptoms, and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Outcomes were assessed before discharge and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months afterwards. Associations of SMCs with participants' recovery outcomes were examined by the generalized estimating equation approach.ResultsParticipants with SMCs had significantly poorer recovery outcomes than those without SMCs. Additionally, the interaction term for time‐by‐SMC was significant on ADLs, IADLs, maximal strength of quadriceps muscles, maximal strength of hip abductor muscles, ankle dorsiflexion, and HRQoL, suggesting that negative associations with SMCs increased over time. Participants with SMCs were at significantly higher risk for cognitive impairment and delirium than those without SMCs.ConclusionsParticipants with SMCs not only had worse recovery than those without SMCs, but their rate of recovery was also slower during the first year following hip‐fracture surgery. Therefore, SMCs need to be assessed to identify patients at high risk for worse recovery outcomes following hip fracture.
Low‐pressure pipeline irrigation technology in China*
Authors: Zhao Hua , Li Ruoxi 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT/RÉSUMÉ (ABSTRACT for English and RÉSUMÉ for French)This paper introduces the development of low‐pressure pipeline irrigation technology in China, including relevant technical standards. It illustrates closed, open and semi‐closed pipeline types and provides successful examples of application. It also presents popular pipeline materials, including PE, PVC‐U, PVC‐O, steel reinforced polyethylene and reinforced concrete, as well as their features and range of application. In addition, it discusses problems existing in low‐pressure pipeline irrigation schemes, such as pipeline damage caused by negative pressure, and pipeline blockage resulting from airlocks. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand ITE inhibits cell proliferation and migration and enhances sensitivity to drug‐resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqian , He Bin , Chen Ermei , Lu Juan , Wang Jie , Cao Hongcui , Li Lanjuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand‐activated transcription factor, is considered as a crucial gene during tumor formation and progress. Among various ligands, 2‐(1′H‐indole‐3′‐carbonyl)‐thiazole‐4‐carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE) has been evaluated to share a broad spectrum of biological activities. However, the specific effects and potential mechanisms of ITE against hepatocellular carcinoma remain unclear. Here we explored whether ITE exerted antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and its potential mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. We found that ITE could markedly inhibit proliferation of HCCLM3 and SMMC‐7721 cells and induce G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis with alterations of expressions of the related proteins. Also, ITE could prohibit the process of migration and invasion evaluated by transwell assay. Moreover, ITE exhibited remarkable capability to repress the growth of HCCLM3‐SR cells and induce apoptosis in contrast to sorafenib. Additionally, ITE also showed potent antitumor activity against the HCCLM3 xenograft by prohibiting tumor growth without any toxicity to mice. Mechanistically, AHR activation by ITE was attributed to inhibition of HCC cells as AHR knockdown would abolish ITE‐induced suppression in HCC cells, and overexpression of AHR would potentiate antitumor activity regulated by ITE. Our data suggested that ITE manifested a marked antitumor effect against HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo via AHR activation mainly through inducing G1/G0 arrest and apoptosis and inhibiting the process of migration and invasion. Furthermore, we also found the PI3K/AKT pathway was involved in sorafenib‐induced resistance and ITE could restore sensitivity by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway. Collectively, our study revealed that ITE would be a promising therapeutic agent to deal with HCC and an alternative for drug‐resistant HCC.