bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remarks onMastigodiaptomus(Calanoida: Diaptomidae) from Mexico using integrative taxonomy, with a key of identification and three new species
Authors: Gutiérrez-Aguirre Martha A. , Cervantes-Martínez Adrián , Elías-Gutiérrez Manuel , Lugo-Vázquez Alfonso 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundIn Mexico, species of four families of free-living calanoid copepods have been recorded as inhabitants of several freshwater systems. These families are Centropagidae, Temoridae, Pseudodiaptomidae and Diaptomidae. The generaLeptodiaptomusandMastigodiaptomusare the most speciose diaptomid genera in Mexico, and they inhabit natural and artificial lakes, ephemeral ponds, springs, and caverns.Leptodiaptomusis considered as an endemic Nearctic genus, whereasMastigodiaptomusis a widely distributed Neotropical genus in the southern USA, Mexico, the Caribbean Islands and Central America. Based on new and recent evidence,Mastigodiaptomusdiversity has been underestimated: six species of the genus were known before 2000. In this work three newMastigodiaptomusspecies have been described from different regions of Mexico by using integrative taxonomy. We also gave amended diagnosis ofM. nesusBowman (1986) andM. patzcuarensiss. str. (Kiefer, 1938).MethodsIn this work, the taxonomic status of the species was clarified using modern, integrative method based on the COI gene as a DNA marker, plus micro-structural analysis (based on SEM and ligth microscopy).ResultsThree new species ofMastigodiaptomuswere described based on genetic and morphological analyses:M. alexeisp. n.,M. hasp. n. andM. cihuatlansp. n. Also amended description ofM. nesus, morphological variation ofM. patzcuarensiss. str., and a comparison of them with all known sequences within the genus are provided. These new findings show that inMastigodiaptomusdifferences in several cuticular microstructures of several appendages (such as the antennules, the fifth legs, or the urosomites of these copepods) agree with the interspecific genetic divergence >3% observed in sequences of the COI gene, and the integration of this information is a powerful tool in species delineation.
Candidal carriage in saliva and subgingival plaque among smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Santhana Krishnan Gayathri , Naik Dilip , Uppoor Ashita , Nayak Sangeeta , Baliga Shrikala , Maddi Abhiram 
Published: January 2020

Background and ObjectivesStudies of gum or periodontal disease have focused mainly on bacterial pathogens. However, information related to fungal species in the saliva and subgingival mileu is particularly lacking in smokers with periodontitis. This cross-sectional study compared the prevalence of variousCandidaspecies in saliva and subgingival plaque samples of smokers and non-smokers with periodontal disease.MethodologyStudy subjects were recruited into three group—Group 1: Smokers with chronic periodontitis (N = 30), Group 2: Non-smokers with chronic periodontitis (N = 30) and Group 3: Healthy controls (N = 30). Clinical parameters recorded included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Saliva and subgingival plaque samples were collected from subjects from the above groups. The collected samples were processed for isolation and identification of variousCandidaspecies using CHROMagar chromogenic media. Additionally, antifungal susceptibility tests were performed for the isolatedCandidaspecies in order to assess antifungal drug resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole.ResultsPrevalence ofCandidaspecies in saliva samples was quantified as 76.6% in Group 1, 73.3% in Group 2 and 36.6% in Group 3 and statistically significant differences were observed between groups 1 & 3. Prevalence ofCandidaspecies in subgingival plaque samples was quantified as 73.3% in Group 1, 66.6% in Group 2 and 60% in Group 3 and no statistically significant differences were observed between groups.Candida albicanswas the most frequently isolated species followed byCandida kruseiandCandida tropicalis. A positive correlation was observed for smoking exposure, pack years andCandidacolonization. A marginally significant positive correlation was observed betweenCandidacolonization and increasing pocket depth and attachment loss. Antifungal drug resistance was mainly observed forCandida kruseiin both saliva and subgingival plaque samples.ConclusionBased on the results we can conclude that oral candidal carriage is significantly increased in smokers with periodontal disease. Mechanistic studies are needed to understand the importance ofCandidaspecies in periodontal disease.
The Use of Microfluidic Platforms to Probe the Mechanism of Cancer Cell Extravasation
Authors: Coughlin Mark F. , Kamm Roger D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPowerful experimental tools have contributed a wealth of novel insight into cancer etiology from the organ to the subcellular levels. However, these advances in understanding have outpaced improvements in clinical outcomes. One possible reason for this shortcoming is the reliance on animal models that do not fully replicate human physiology. An alternative in vitro approach that has recently emerged features engineered microfluidic platforms to investigate cancer progression. These devices allow precise control over cellular components, extracellular constituents, and physical forces, while facilitating detailed microscopic analysis of the metastatic process. This review focuses on the recent use of microfluidic platforms to investigate the mechanism of cancer cell extravasation.
Radiation‐Induced Self‐Assembly of Ti3C2Tx with Improved Electrochemical Performance for Supercapacitor
Authors: Hu Yang , Wang Lin , Lin Tingrui , Zhao Na , Shi Mengni , Peng Jing , Li Jiuqiang , Shi Weiqun , Zhai Maolin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs a new family of 2D materials, MXenes have already shown a broad application prospect in energy storage. However, the inevitable restacking of MXene nanosheets always limits their performance. Here, a facile and environmentally friendly approach is developed to fabricate self‐assembly Ti3C2Tx MXene (named SA‐Ti3C2Tx) via γ‐irradiation. The absorbed dose has obvious influence on the self‐assembly of SA‐Ti3C2Tx by changing the surface charge characteristics and groups to make the nanosheets assembled into large slices with different structure. At dose of 20 kGy, radiation‐synthesized SA‐Ti3C2Tx (SA‐Ti3C2Tx‐20) possesses the crumpled structure which exhibits larger specific surface area, enhanced conductivity, and larger specific capacitance, compared with those of original Ti3C2Tx. SA‐Ti3C2Tx‐20 also shows excellent rate performance and cycling stability. This study paves the way for the modification and assembly of MXenes with improved electrochemical performance.
Interfacial Phenomena of Advanced Composite Materials toward Wearable Platforms for Biological and Environmental Monitoring Sensors, Armor, and Soft Robotics
Authors: Horne Jesse , McLoughlin Lauren , Bury Elizabeth , Koh Amanda S. , Wujcik Evan K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith haptic and pressure sensor manufacturing in the US totaling $US 1.6 billion in annual revenue—with 2% annual projected growth from 2018 to 2023—and tactical and service clothing manufacturing in the US totaling $US 242.9 million in annual revenue, the potential of advanced wearables continues to grow. As many fields tend toward miniaturized technologies in the modern age, many recent developments have been made for wearable platforms. Within the broad area of wearable platforms, there are many specific applications to consider, such as motion sensing, biomarker detection, monitoring of environmental pollutants, haptic sensors, enhanced soft robotics, and improving the safeguarding capabilities of armor. For these applications, the interfacial phenomena occurring between the continuous and discrete phases within the composite material are responsible for the device's response and bulk properties. Understanding these phenomena at the composite interfaces of the system allows for finer tuning of morphological, electromechanical, and other bulk properties, as well as the optimization of the wearable's output—in terms of the applications targeted. Control over these advanced composite materials is paramount in personalized health‐care systems, advanced defense technologies, commercial wearables. Recent advances on composite interfaces for wearable platforms are discussed, along with trends and an outlook of the field.
Optical Response of MoTe2 and WTe2 Weyl Semimetals: Distinguishing between Bulk and Surface Contributions
Authors: Popescu Adrian , Pertsova Anna , Balatsky Alexander V. , Woods Lilia M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA first‐principles investigation of the optical response of the Weyl Semimetals and is presented. The approach, based on combining two formulations, allows to both separate the intraband and interband parts of the optical conductivity and to distinguish between the bulk and surface contributions to the optical response. It is found that the response is truly anisotropic, with peaks that can be associated with interband transitions involving either bulk or surface states. The role of the relaxation time, and the relation of the calculated results with available experimental measurements, are also discussed. Furthermore, the approach reported is transferable to any system, topologically trivial or non‐trivial, thus addressing the long‐standing need for comprehensive characterization of the optical response.
Multi‐Level Long‐Term Memory Resembling Human Memory Based on Photosensitive Field‐Effect Transistors with Stable Interfacial Deep Traps
Authors: Kim Taeyoon , Lim Jung Wook , Yun Sun Jin , Lee Seong Hyun , Jung Kwang Hoon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe development of electronic devices that emulate the learning mechanism of the human brain is crucial for replicating the capabilities of the human brain. Photoelectric devices with learning capabilities are good candidates for input‐energy‐effective and multi‐level memory devices. Herein, a novel TiO2‐metaloxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET)‐based memory device is reported, that effectively converts learned data to long‐term memory (LTM) by longer stimulus intervals and realizes multi‐state memory. This device is programmed by UV light and uses deep trap sites at the interface between the TiO2 and Al2O3 layers to retain data. Moreover, the current levels of LTM are determined by varying pulse width, light power density, and pulse number. The pulse interval is confirmed to be beneficial for converting input data to LTM without additional energy consumption. In particular, the unique characteristics of the device, which delivers a higher current with an increasing number of pulse intervals, describe the characteristics of the actual human brain, which is a feat that no other device has demonstrated. Furthermore, excellent multi‐level storage capabilities and remarkable retention characteristics (≈30 000 s) of the TiO2–MOSFET device are demonstrated. Thus, an advanced memory device that will contribute to next‐generation artificial intelligence systems is realized.
Parental misperception of their child's weight status and how weight underestimation is associated with childhood obesity
Authors: Rodrigues Daniela , Machado‐Rodrigues Aristides M. , Padez Cristina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesObesity is a major public health concern worldwide. This study aims to investigate the accuracy of parental perception of child's weight and related factors as well as how underestimation is associated with the prevalence of childhood obesity.MethodsData from 793 parents and respective children (6‐10 years) were collected during the spring of 2013 and 2014. Height and weight were measured and used to calculate body mass index and obesity was classified using the International Obesity Task Force. Parents' perception of child's weight and socio‐demographic characteristics were accessed by a questionnaire. Statistical tests were used, controlling for biological and social covariates.ResultsAbout 33% of parents misperceived their child's weight, of which 93% underestimated it. Different factors were found associated with greater parental underestimation according to children's weight status (ie, younger age) and sex (ie, higher mother's BMI, lower parental education, and household income for girls; living in an urban place for boys). Underestimation among girls, compared to boys, was more associated with socio‐economic features of the family. For both sexes, children with excess weight were more likely to be underestimated by their parents. Parents who underestimated their child's weight were 10 to 20 times more likely to have an obese child.ConclusionsFindings suggest a social desirability bias in parental reports of child weight status. While some parents recognize their child's weight, others may feel embarrassed to discuss the fact that their child is overweight/obese and may feel reluctant in seeking the advice of a health care professional.
Stereoselective Synthesis of a Tetrasaccharide Fragment from Cellulosome Produced by Clostridium thermocellum
Authors: Zeng Yan , Yang Jin‐Song 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of a structurally congested tetrasaccharide portion from the cellulosome produced by Clostridium thermocellum has been accomplished through a stepwise glycosylation strategy. The key steps for the synthesis include the stereocontrolled construction of a range of challenging 1,2‐cis glycosidic linkages. The 5‐O‐(2‐quinolinecarbonyl) substituted D‐galactofuranosyl thioglycoside 2, 4,6‐O‐benzylidene protected 2‐azido‐2‐deoxyglucose thioglycoside 3 c, and 4,6‐O‐benzylidene protected D‐galactopyranosyl thioglycoside 4 were employed as glycosyl donors, respectively, for the high‐yielding and stereoselective formation of the corresponding 1,2‐cis‐α‐Galf, α‐GlcNAc, and α‐Galp linkages.
“Quantum Weirdness” in Exploitation by the International Gravitational‐Wave Observatory Network
Authors: Schnabel Roman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe detectors of the international gravitational‐wave (GW) observatory network are currently taking data with sensitivities improved via squeezing the photon counting noise of the laser light used. Several GW candidate events, such as black‐hole mergers, are already in the pipeline to be analyzed in detail. While the brand‐new field of GW astronomy relies on squeezed light for reaching higher sensitivities, the physical understanding of such light, although being well described by quantum theory, is still under discussion. Herein, a physical description of why squeezed light, as now being exploited by GW observatories, constitutes rather remarkable physics is presented. Consideration of the Fourier transform seems to provide an argument why the measurement of squeezed photon statistics from quasi‐monochromatic light is “weird.” It is further argued that the measurement of squeezed photon statistics is related to the famous gedanken experiment formulated by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen in 1935. This work illuminates “quantum weirdness” in a clear way and might be the starting point for finding the physics of quantum correlations in general, which scientists have been seeking for decades.
A Liquid/Liquid Electrolyte Interface that Inhibits Corrosion and Dendrite Growth of Lithium in Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: He Xiaofeng , Liu Xiao , Han Qing , Zhang Peng , Song Xiaosheng , Zhao Yong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA proof‐of‐concept study on a liquid/liquid (L/L) two‐phase electrolyte interface is reported by using the polarity difference of solvent for the protection of Li‐metal anode with long‐term operation over 2000 h. The L/L electrolyte interface constructed by non‐polar fluorosilicane (PFTOS) and conventionally polar dimethyl sulfoxide solvents can block direct contact between conventional electrolyte and Li anode, and consequently their side reactions can be significantly eliminated. Moreover, the homogeneous Li‐ion flow and Li‐mass deposition can be realized by the formation of a thin and uniform solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) composed of LiF, LixC, LixSiOy between PFTOS and Li anode, as well as the super‐wettability state of PFTOS to Li anode, resulting in the suppression of Li dendrite formation. The cycling stability in a lithium–oxygen battery as a model is improved 4 times with the L/L electrolyte interface.
Algae Extraction Controllable Delamination of Vanadium Carbide Nanosheets with Enhanced Near‐Infrared Photothermal Performance
Authors: Zada Shah , Dai Wenhao , Kai Zhang , Lu Huiting , Meng Xiangdan , Zhang Yiyi , Cheng Yaru , Yan Fang , Fu Pengcheng , Zhang Xueji , Dong Haifeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe two‐dimensional (2D) vanadium carbide (V2C) MXene has shown great potential as a photothermal agent (PTA) for photothermal therapy (PTT). However, the use of V2C in PTT is limited by the harsh synthesis condition and low photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE). Herein, we report a completely different green delamination method using algae extraction to intercalate and delaminate V2AlC to produce mass V2C nanosheets (NSs) with a high yield (90 %). The resulting V2C NSs demonstrated good structural integrity and remarkably high absorption in near infrared (NIR) region with a PTCE as high as 48 %. Systemic in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that the V2C NSs can serve as efficient PTA for photoacoustic (PA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided PTT of cancer. This work provides a cost‐effective, environment‐friendly, and high‐yielding disassembly approach of MAX, opening a new avenue to develop MXenes with desirable properties for a myriad of applications.
Dependence of sudden stratospheric warming type‐transition on preceding North Atlantic Oscillation conditions
Authors: Choi Hyesun , Choi Wookap , Kim Seong‐Joong , Kim Baek‐Min 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMost sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events initiate with their centers being displaced from the pole. Some retain their displaced form until termination but some split into two vortices during their course. Here, we show that existence of a transition during the course of the SSW life cycle can be attributable to the condition of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) preceding before onset: Positive NAO favors SSW of displacement type with no transition while negative NAO favors the displacement–split type. We show that, in positive NAO precondition, vertical flux of wave activity immediately before onset is mostly contributed only by wavenumber 1 component, which contrasts with the relatively stronger contribution of wavenumber 2 in negative NAO precondition. Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) simulation results are also consistent with the observational findings. Therefore, NAO can be regarded as a useful precursor for determining the type of forthcoming SSW events.
Comorbidities in situs inversus totalis: A hospital‐based study
Authors: Chen Weicheng , Guo Zhuoyao , Qian Liling , Wang Libo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveFew studies have assessed the comorbid diseases in situs inversus totalis (SIT) comprehensively. The aim of this study was to provide insight into the spectrum and prevalence of comorbidities in SIT.MethodsChildren ≤18 years of age with SIT were enrolled in this retrospective observational study. Situs status and comorbidities were independently confirmed by two physicians, based on review of radiologic, ultrasonic examination, operative records, and case notes.ResultsA total of 155 children (median age: 1.24 years; range: 1 day–17.8 years) confirmed to have SIT were recruited between January 2008 and December 2018. Associated conditions were diagnosed in 114 children (73.5%). Among them, 25 children (16.1%) had multiple anomalies affecting two or more organ systems. The most commonly associated conditions were congenital heart defects (n = 72, 46.5%) followed by primary ciliary dyskinesia (n = 19, 12.3%), renal disorders (n = 12, 7.7%), biliary atresia (n = 7, 4.5%), skeletal dysplasia (n = 8, 5.2%), and mental retardation (n = 4, 2.6%).ConclusionA substantial proportion of children with SIT have comorbidities affecting multiple systems, especially cardiovascular and respiratory abnormalities. Children with SIT warrant careful examination for the presence of congenital and acquired abnormalities.
The Biophysics of Regenerative Repair Suggests New Perspectives on Biological Causation
Authors: Levin Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEvolution exploits the physics of non‐neural bioelectricity to implement anatomical homeostasis: a process in which embryonic patterning, remodeling, and regeneration achieve invariant anatomical outcomes despite external interventions. Linear “developmental pathways” are often inadequate explanations for dynamic large‐scale pattern regulation, even when they accurately capture relationships between molecular components. Biophysical and computational aspects of collective cell activity toward a target morphology reveal interesting aspects of causation in biology. This is critical not only for unraveling evolutionary and developmental events, but also for the design of effective strategies for biomedical intervention. Bioelectrical controls of growth and form, including stochastic behavior in such circuits, highlight the need for the formulation of nuanced views of pathways, drivers of system‐level outcomes, and modularity, borrowing from concepts in related disciplines such as cybernetics, control theory, computational neuroscience, and information theory. This approach has numerous practical implications for basic research and for applications in regenerative medicine and synthetic bioengineering.
A nonparametric method of estimation of the population size in capture–recapture experiments
Authors: Jiménez‐Gamero María Dolores , Puig Pedro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA recent method for estimating a lower bound of the population size in capture–recapture samples is studied. Specifically, some asymptotic properties, such as strong consistency and asymptotic normality, are provided. The introduced estimator is based on the empirical probability generating function (pgf) of the observed data, and it is consistent for count distributions having a log‐convex pgf (‐class). This is a large family that includes mixed and compound Poisson distributions, and their independent sums and finite mixtures as well. The finite‐sample performance of the lower bound estimator is assessed via simulation showing a better behavior than some close competitors. Several examples of application are also analyzed and discussed.
Adjusting Hydrocarbon Distribution on the Stabilized Al‐Modified Mesoporous Co3O4‐Fe2O3 Bimetal Oxides for CO Hydrogenation
Authors: Ahn Chang‐Il , Mo Koo Hyun , Ha Kyoung‐Su , Jeon Jonghyun , Min Cho Jae , Kim Young‐Bo , Young Han Gui , Lee Jinwon , Shin Chae‐Ho , Wook Bae Jong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA higher selectivity to C2−C4 hydrocarbons and clean fuels without significant deactivation during CO hydrogenation by a typical Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was observed on the ordered mesoporous 5wt %Al‐modified Co3O4‐Fe2O3 bimetal oxides (m‐CoFe) at a Co/Fe molar ratio of ∼1, which was prepared by a hard templating and co‐infiltration method. The active sites were related with the partially oxidized Co nanoparticles as well as iron carbides. The structurally stable and strongly interacted ordered Co3O4‐Fe2O3 mesoporous structures were preferentially transformed to more brittle iron carbides with a simultaneous reduction of Co3O4 to metallic Co under a reductive FTS reaction condition. The m‐CoFe(1) itself without using any solid acid component revealed a higher C2−C4 selectivity of 21.1 % and C5+ selectivity of 67.9 % at CO conversion of 88.5 % with the corresponding rate of 2.77 mmol/(gcat⋅s) by enhancing its structural stability due to the partial formations of thermally stable spinel‐type CoFe2O4. The enhanced structural stability of the m‐CoFe(1) was attributed to the preferential formations of the strongly interacted and partially oxidized Co nanoparticles with the formation of active iron carbides as well.