bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoskopische Vollwandresektion während der Koloskopie mit dem FTRD-System
Authors: Hansen Anika 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie endoskopische Vollwandresektion während der Koloskopie stellt ein ausgesprochen schonendes Verfahren im Vergleich zur operativen Resektion dar. Während der endoskopischen Vollwandresektion können alle Wandschichten ohne Eröffnung der Bauchhöhle entfernt werden. Durch das minimalinvasive Vorgehen während der interventionellen Koloskopie wird der Heilungsprozess wesentlich verkürzt und u. a. Patienten im höheren Lebensalter eine schnellere Rehabilitationszeit geboten.Anhand des Verfahrens der eFTR, kann wieder einmal die Bedeutsamkeit der Kommunikation in der Endoskopie während einer Intervention dargestellt werden. Anhand des gesamten Prozesses wird sichtbar wie umfangreich und vielseitig die Endoskopie, in Bezug auf die minimalinvasiven Eingriffe, geworden ist.
“Don't We Take Care of Our Veterans?” The Critical Need for Veteran's Health Services Infertility Services for Veterans: Policies, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Woodruff Lee , Mottla Gilbert L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince October 2001, more than 2.7 million men and women of the armed forces have been deployed to Iraq, Afghanistan, or in support of the “Global War on Terrorism.” Like previous wars, our nation will feel the after-effects of those deployments for a generation to come, as the wounds of war do not just affect the veteran, but impact their family and friends once they return to the home front. But unlike previous wars, less than 1% of our population serves their country in an all-volunteer military. This small percentage of Americans who volunteer to serve us and protect our freedoms (no matter what you might think about the politics surrounding wars) is increasingly removed from the rest of the population who choose other careers and options. Therefore, most of us are uneducated and unconnected to the often isolating experiences and frustrations of our veterans when they return to the home front and try to retake the stage of their former lives. In this discussion, we share the compelling stories of military members and veterans who struggle with infertility. We describe the need for policy and expansion of services for infertility care in the Department of Defense and Veterans Health Administration, and the challenges and opportunities that exist.
Clinical and Experimental Studies in Japanese Encephalitis: Lessons Learnt
Authors: Misra UK 
Published: May 2020

Introduction:
Managing encephalitis for last 3 decades and conducting experimental studies have provided a number of important findings some which are presented.

Method:
Summary of important clinical, radiological, neurophysiological and biochemical studies are presented. The results of experimental studies in a rat model have been used to investigate the basis of behavioral changes, histology, and molecular alterations in Japanese encephalitis (JE) and finally an approach to acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is presented.

Result:
The patients with encephalitis can be produced by a number of noninfectious, infectious. The local prevalence and time of the year are crucial for clinical decision making. The affinity of JEV for thalamus, corpus striatum, substantia nigra, cerebellum and anterior horn cell was documented by imaging studies, which was further confirmed on immune histopathological and real time PCR studies highlighting the tropism of JEV. The lower motor neuron involvement on EMG studies was attributed to anterior horn cell involvement. JE results in frequent and severe movement disorders. The basis of movement disorders was revealed in MRI and SPECT studies showing thalamic and cortical hyperperfusion suggesting the involvement of thalamo-cortical projections. Hyperkinetic or hypokinetic movement disorders were due to differential involvement of excitatory or inhibitory circuits in the brain. Reduction in catecholamine and its metabolites in CSF of patients was supported by reduction of catecholamine and dopamine receptors in the JE tropic areas in thalamus, corpus striatum and brainstem resulting in dopamine deficiency. The learning and memory deficits in JE were attributed to cholinergic dysfunction reveled by expression of CHAT, HQNB CHR M2 mscarinic receptors in the JE affected areas of brain.
A syndromic approach to AES categorizing the patients into neurologic or systemic group and using rational investigations; imaging and Acyclovir therapy in pure neurologic group and avoiding these in systemic group is recommended. In systemic group, treatment with doxycycline for scrub typhus, artesunate for malaria, ceftriaxone for leptospira and fluid management for dengue are recommended.

Conclusion:
A combined clinical and experimental approach provides valuable information to understand the basis of clinical alterations in JE.
Effects of first language attrition on heritage language input and ultimate attainment
Authors: Karayayla Tuğba 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the spoken performance of UK based adult heritage speakers (HSs) and first generation immigrants (LBs) of Turkish descent regarding the distribution of evidentiality encoded in the past tense system of Turkish. Additionally, we trace the effect of input quality and quantity on the development of the heritage language (HL). The analyses suggest that the ability to differentiate between different evidential structures is unstable in HL grammars. There are no signs of qualitatively modified input available to the HSs through the LBs. This performance is instead linked to the amount of input, which has been found to be insufficient to compensate for the detrimental effects of early bilingualism on the HL. Findings are discussed within the premises of available approaches to heritage language bilingualism.
Going to the Territory
Authors: Dubois Laurent 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The 2018 publication of Julius S. Scott’s The Common Wind: Afro-American Currents in the Age of the Haitian Revolution inspired a renewed focus on the reverberations of the Haitian Revolution. Here, six scholars of the Atlantic World and the Age of Revolutions consider the historiographical implications of The Common Wind and remind us how the Haitian upheaval belongs at the very center of the ripples of modernity that spread across the globe from the revolutionary Atlantic.
Docking of peptides to GPCRs using a combination of CABS-dock with FlexPepDock refinement
Authors: Badaczewska-Dawid Aleksandra E , Kmiecik Sebastian , Koliński Michał 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The structural description of peptide ligands bound to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is important for the discovery of new drugs and deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of life. Here we describe a three-stage protocol for the molecular docking of peptides to GPCRs using a set of different programs: (1) CABS-dock for docking fully flexible peptides; (2) PD2 method for the reconstruction of atomistic structures from C-alpha traces provided by CABS-dock and (3) Rosetta FlexPepDock for the refinement of protein–peptide complex structures and model scoring. We evaluated the proposed protocol on the set of seven different GPCR–peptide complexes (including one containing a cyclic peptide), for which crystallographic structures are available. We show that CABS-dock produces high resolution models in the sets of top-scored models. These sets of models, after reconstruction to all-atom representation, can be further improved by Rosetta high-resolution refinement and/or minimization, leading in most of the cases to sub-Angstrom accuracy in terms of interface root-mean-square-deviation measure.
Effect of Influenza Vaccination in Preventing Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Hospitalization in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Martínez-Baz Iván , Navascués Ana , Portillo María Eugenia , Casado Itziar , Fresán Ujué , Ezpeleta Carmen , Castilla Jesús 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
People with diabetes are at high risk of severe influenza complications. The influenza vaccination effect among diabetic patients remains inconclusive. We estimated the average effect of influenza vaccination status in the current and prior seasons in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalization in diabetic patients.

Methods
Patients attended in hospitals and primary healthcare centers with influenza-like illness were tested for influenza from the 2013–2014 to 2018–2019 seasons in Navarre, Spain. A test-negative case-control design in diabetic inpatients compared the influenza vaccination status in the current and 5 prior seasons between laboratory-confirmed influenza cases and negative controls. Vaccination status of influenza-confirmed cases was compared between diabetic inpatients and outpatients. Influenza vaccination effect was compared between diabetic patients and older (≥ 60 years) or chronic nondiabetic patients.

Results
Of 1670 diabetic inpatients tested, 569 (34%) were confirmed for influenza and 1101 were test-negative controls. The average effect in preventing influenza hospitalization was 46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28%–59%) for current-season vaccination and 44% (95% CI, 20%–61%) for vaccination in prior seasons only in comparison to unvaccinated patients in the current and prior seasons. Among diabetic patients with confirmed influenza, current-season vaccination reduced the probability of hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio, 0.35; 95% CI, .15–.79). In diabetic patients, vaccination effect against influenza hospitalizations was not inferior to that in older or chronic nondiabetic patients.

Conclusions
On average, influenza vaccination of diabetic population reduced by around half the risk of influenza hospitalization. Vaccination in prior seasons maintained a notable protective effect. These results reinforce the recommendation of influenza vaccination for diabetic patients.
The antiseptic Miramistin: a review of its comparative in vitro and clinical activity
Authors: Osmanov Ali , Farooq Zara , Richardson Malcolm D , Denning David W 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTMiramistin is a topical antiseptic with broad antimicrobial action, including activity against biofilms and a clinical profile showing good tolerability. Miramistin was developed within a framework of the Soviet Union Cold War Space Program. It is available for clinical use in several prior Soviet bloc countries, but barely known outside of these countries and there is almost no mention of miramistin in the English literature. However, considering emerging antimicrobial resistance, the significant potential of miramistin justifies its re-evaluation for use in other geographical areas and conditions. The review consists of two parts: (i) a review of the existing literature on miramistin in English, Russian and Ukrainian languages; (ii) a summary of most commonly used antiseptics as comparators of miramistin. The oral LD50 was 1200 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 100 g/L in rats, mice and fish, respectively. Based on the results of the review, we suggest possible applications of miramistin and potential benefits over currently used agents. Miramistin offers a novel, low toxicity antiseptic with many potential clinical uses that need better study which could address some of the negative impact of antimicrobial, antiseptic and disinfectant resistance.
Design of Tree-Frog-Inspired Adhesives
Authors: Langowski Julian K A , Dodou Dimitra , van Assenbergh Peter , van Leeuwen Johan L 
Published: May 2020

SynopsisThe adhesive toe pads of tree frogs have inspired the design of various so-called ‘smooth’ synthetic adhesives for wet environments. However, these adhesives do not reach the attachment performance of their biological models in terms of contact formation, maintenance of attachment, and detachment. In tree frogs, attachment is facilitated by an interconnected ensemble of superficial and internal morphological components, which together form a functional unit. To help bridging the gap between biological and bioinspired adhesives, in this review, we (1) provide an overview of the functional components of tree frog toe pads, (2) investigate which of these components (and attachment mechanisms implemented therein) have already been transferred into synthetic adhesives, and (3) highlight functional analogies between existing synthetic adhesives and tree frogs regarding the fundamental mechanisms of attachment. We found that most existing tree-frog-inspired adhesives mimic the micropatterned surface of the ventral epidermis of frog pads. Geometrical and material properties differ between these synthetic adhesives and their biological model, which indicates similarity in appearance rather than function. Important internal functional components such as fiber-reinforcement and muscle fibers for attachment control have not been considered in the design of tree-frog-inspired adhesives. Experimental work on tree-frog-inspired adhesives suggests that the micropatterning of adhesives with low-aspect-ratio pillars enables crack arresting and the drainage of interstitial liquids, which both facilitate the generation of van der Waals forces. Our analysis of experimental work on tree-frog-inspired adhesives indicates that interstitial liquids such as the mucus secreted by tree frogs play a role in detachment. Based on these findings, we provide suggestions for the future design of biomimetic adhesives. Specifically, we propose to implement internal fiber-reinforcements inspired by the fibrous structures in frog pads to create mechanically reinforced soft adhesives for high-load applications. Contractile components may stimulate the design of actuated synthetic adhesives with fine-tunable control of attachment strength. An integrative approach is needed for the design of tree-frog-inspired adhesives that are functionally analogous with their biological paradigm.
Treating Stress With VR
Authors: Naylor Matthew 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper ‘Augmented Experiences: Investigating the Feasibility of Virtual Reality as Part of a Workplace Wellbeing Intervention’ by Matthew Naylor et al, published in Interacting with Computers, Volume 31, Issue 5, September 2019, explores the immersive power of VR in psychological wellbeing.
Moral Status and the Architects of Principlism
Authors: Beckwith Francis , Thornton Allison Krile 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this article, we discuss Beauchamp and Childress’s treatment of the issue of moral status. In particular, we (1) introduce the five different perspectives on moral status that Beauchamp and Childress consider in Principles of Biomedical Ethics and explain their alternative to those perspectives, (2) raise some critical questions about their approach, and (3) offer a different way to think about one of the five theories of moral status (the theory based on human properties) that is more in line with what we believe some of its leading advocates affirm.
Analysis of biofilm formation bySporothrix schenckii
Authors: Sánchez-Herrera Rocío , Flores-Villavicencio Lérida Liss , Pichardo-Molina Juan Luis , Castruita-Domínguez José Pedro , Aparicio-Fernández Xochilt , Sabanero López Myrna , Villagómez-Castro Julio Cesar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe development of mature biofilms is an aid in numerous aspects of the life cycle of fungi. It is well known that Sporothrix schenckii complex causes a benign subcutaneous mycosis, but recent studies have suggestedthat biofilm formation may be one of the important factors involved in its virulence. Here we report the study of the biomass organization and a model of the stages of S. schenckii biofilm development: adsorption, active adhesion, microcolony formation, maturation, and dispersal of biofilm fragments. During the development, the biofilm is surrounded by extracellular matrix, which contains glycoprotein (mannose rich), carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acid. In addition, the extracellular DNA increases in extracellular matrix as a key component to structural integrity and antifungal resistance. The study of S. schenckii biofilm contributes to a better understanding of growth biofilm and physiology, adding new insights into the mechanisms of virulence and persistence of pathogenic microorganisms.
The VANDELS survey: a strong correlation between Ly α equivalent width and stellar metallicity at 3 ≤ z ≤ 5
Authors: Cullen F , McLure R J , Dunlop J S , Carnall A C , McLeod D J , Shapley A E , Amorín R , Bolzonella M , Castellano M , Cimatti A , Cirasuolo M , Cucciati O , Fontana A , Fontanot F , Garilli B , Guaita L , Jarvis M J , Pentericci L , Pozzetti L , Talia M , Zamorani G , Calabrò A , Cresci G , Fynbo J P U , Hathi N P , Giavalisco M , Koekemoer A , Mannucci F , Saxena A 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the results of a new study investigating the relationship between observed Ly α equivalent width (Wλ(Ly α)) and the metallicity of the ionizing stellar population ( Z⋆) for a sample of 768 star-forming galaxies at 3 ≤ z ≤ 5 drawn from the VANDELS survey. Dividing our sample into quartiles of rest-frame Wλ(Ly α) across the range $-58 \,\rm {\mathring{\rm A}} \lesssim$Wλ(Ly α) $\lesssim 110 \,\rm {\mathring{\rm A}}$, we determine  Z⋆ from full spectral fitting of composite far-ultraviolet spectra and find a clear anticorrelation between Wλ(Ly α) and  Z⋆. Our results indicate that  Z⋆ decreases by a factor ≳ 3 between the lowest Wλ(Ly α) quartile (〈Wλ(Ly α)$\rangle =-18\,\rm {\mathring{\rm A}}$) and the highest Wλ(Ly α) quartile (〈Wλ(Ly α)$\rangle =24\,\rm {\mathring{\rm A}}$). Similarly, galaxies typically defined as Lyman alpha emitters (LAEs; Wλ(Ly α) $\gt 20\,\rm {\mathring{\rm A}}$) are, on average, metal poor with respect to the non-LAE galaxy population (Wλ(Ly α) $\le 20\,\rm {\mathring{\rm A}}$) with  Z⋆non-LAE ≳ 2 ×  Z⋆LAE. Finally, based on the best-fitting stellar models, we estimate that the increasing strength of the stellar ionizing spectrum towards lower  Z⋆ is responsible for ${\simeq}15{-}25{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the observed variation in Wλ(Ly α) across our sample, with the remaining contribution (${\simeq}75{-}85{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) being due to a decrease in the H i/dust covering fractions in low- Z⋆ galaxies.
On building a cluster watchlist for identifying strongly lensed supernovae, gravitational waves and kilonovae
Authors: Ryczanowski Dan , Smith Graham P , Bianconi Matteo , Massey Richard , Robertson Andrew , Jauzac Mathilde 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Motivated by discovering strongly lensed supernovae, gravitational waves, and kilonovae in the 2020s, we investigate whether to build a watchlist of clusters based on observed cluster properties (i.e. lens-plane selection) or on the detectability of strongly lensed background galaxies (i.e. source-plane selection). First, we estimate the fraction of high-redshift transient progenitors that reside in galaxies that are themselves too faint to be detected as being strongly lensed. We find ∼15–50 per cent of transient progenitors reside in z = 1 − 2 galaxies too faint to be detected in surveys that reach AB ≃ 23, such as the Dark Energy Survey. This falls to ≲10 per cent at depths that will be probed by early data releases of LSST (AB ≃ 25). Secondly, we estimate a conservative lower limit on the fraction of strong-lensing clusters that will be missed by magnitude-limited searches for multiply imaged galaxies and giant arcs due to the faintness of such images. We find that DES-like surveys will miss ∼75 per cent of 1015 M⊙ strong-lensing clusters, rising to ∼100 per cent of 1014 M⊙ clusters. Deeper surveys, such as LSST, will miss ∼40 per cent at 1015 M⊙ and ∼95 per cent at 1014 M⊙. Our results motivate building a cluster watchlist for strongly lensed transients that includes those found by the lens-plane selection.
Two-moment scheme for general-relativistic radiation hydrodynamics: a systematic description and new applications
Authors: Weih Lukas R , Olivares Hector , Rezzolla Luciano 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We provide a systematic description of the steps necessary – and of the potential pitfalls to be encountered – when implementing a two-moment scheme within an implicit–explicit (IMEX) scheme to include radiative-transfer contributions in numerical simulations of general-relativistic (magneto-)hydrodynamics (GRMHD). We make use of the M1 closure, which provides an exact solution for the optically thin and thick limits, and an interpolation between these limits. Special attention is paid to the efficient solution of the emerging set of implicit conservation equations. In particular, we present an efficient method for solving these equations via the inversion of a 4 × 4-matrix within an IMEX scheme. While this method relies on a few approximations, it offers a very good compromise between accuracy and computational efficiency. After a large number of tests in special relativity, we couple our new radiation code, frac, with the GRMHD code bhac to investigate the radiative Michel solution, namely, the problem of spherical accretion on to a black hole in the presence of a radiative field. By performing the most extensive exploration of the parameter space for this problem, we find that the accretion’s efficiency can be expressed in terms of physical quantities such as temperature, T, luminosity, L, and black hole mass, M, via the expression $\varepsilon =(L/L_{\rm Edd})/(\dot{M}/\dot{M}_{\rm Edd})= 7.41\times 10^{-7}\left(T/10^6\, \mathrm{K}\right)^{0.22} \left(L/L_\odot \right)^{0.48} \left(M/M_\odot \right)^{0.48}$, where LEdd and $\dot{M}_{\mathrm{Edd}}$ are the Eddington luminosity and accretion rate, respectively. Finally, we also consider the accretion problem away from spherical symmetry, finding that the solution is stable under perturbations in the radiation field.
What causes the fragmentation of debris streams in TDEs?
Authors: Sacchi Andrea , Lodato Giuseppe , Toci Claudia , Motta Valentina 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
A tidal disruption event (TDE) occurs when a star passes too close to a supermassive black hole and gets torn apart by its gravitational tidal field. After the disruption, the stellar debris form an expanding gaseous stream. The morphology and evolution of this stream are particularly interesting as it ultimately determines the observational properties of the event itself. In this work, we perform 3D hydrodynamical simulations of the TDE of a star modelled as a polytropic sphere of index γ = 5/3 and study the gravitational stability of the resulting gas stream. We provide an analytical solution for the evolution of the stream in the bound, unbound, and marginally bound cases, which allows us to describe the stream properties and analyse the time-scales of the physical processes involved, applying a formalism developed in star formation context. Our results are that, when fragmentation occurs, it is fuelled by the failure of pressure in supporting the gas against its self-gravity. We also show that a stability criterion that includes also the stream gas pressure proves to be far more accurate than one that only considers the black hole tidal forces, giving analytical predictions of the time evolution of the various forces associated with the stream. Our results point out that fragmentation occurs on time-scales longer compared with the observational windows of these events and is thus not expected to give rise to significant observational features.