bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of round-robin validation when assessing machine-learning-based vertical extrapolation of wind speeds
Authors: Bodini Nicola , Optis Mike 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The extrapolation of wind speeds measured at a meteorological mast to wind turbine rotor heights is a key component in a bankable wind farm energy assessment and a significant source of uncertainty. Industry-standard methods for extrapolation include the power-law and logarithmic profiles. The emergence of machine-learning applications in wind energy has led to several studies demonstrating substantial improvements in vertical extrapolation accuracy in machine-learning methods over these conventional power-law and logarithmic profile methods. In all cases, these studies assess relative model performance at a measurement site where, critically, the machine-learning algorithm requires knowledge of the rotor-height wind speeds in order to train the model. This prior knowledge provides fundamental advantages to the site-specific machine-learning model over the power-law and log profiles, which, by contrast, are not highly tuned to rotor-height measurements but rather can generalize to any site. Furthermore, there is no practical benefit in applying a machine-learning model at a site where winds at the heights relevant for wind energy production are known; rather, its performance at nearby locations (i.e., across a wind farm site) without rotor-height measurements is of most practical interest. To more fairly and practically compare machine-learning-based extrapolation to standard approaches, we implemented a round-robin extrapolation model comparison, in which a random-forest machine-learning model is trained and evaluated at different sites and then compared against the power-law and logarithmic profiles. We consider 20 months of lidar and sonic anemometer data collected at four sites between 50 and 100 km apart in the central United States. We find that the random forest outperforms the standard extrapolation approaches, especially when incorporating surface measurements as inputs to include the influence of atmospheric stability. When compared at a single site (the traditional comparison approach), the machine-learning improvement in mean absolute error was 28 % and 23 % over the power-law and logarithmic profiles, respectively. Using the round-robin approach proposed here, this improvement drops to 20 % and 14 %, respectively. These latter values better represent practical model performance, and we conclude that round-robin validation should be the standard for machine-learning-based wind speed extrapolation methods.
Perfil profesional de los graduados de Lengua y Literatura Hispánicas de la Facultad de Educación e Idiomas de la UNAN-Managua, desde su propia perspectiva
Authors: Cuadra Baquedano Nora Mercedes 
Published: April 2020

Este artículo presenta una sección de la investigación titulada: Desempeño y satisfacción laboral de los graduados de la carrera de Lengua y Literatura Hispánicas de la Facultad de Educación e Idiomas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua (2009-2013). El objeto del estudio es analizar la valoración que realizan los graduados y empleadores sobre la satisfacción, el desempeño laboral y el perfil profesional de los graduados, sin embargo, este artículo sólo ofrece los resultados referidos al perfil profesional de la población en estudio, la cual valora muy positivo su perfil profesional por considerarse que está en correspondencia con su desempeño laboral.
PLANEJAMENTO OPERACIONAL DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE RECOMENDAÇÕES DA ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DA SAÚDE E O PLANO DE CONTINGÊNCIA NACIONAL
Authors: Albuquerque Nila Larisse Silva de 
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: frente à divulgação do guia COVID-19 - Operational Planning Guidelines to Support Country Preparedness and Response, pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, esta comunicação buscou comparar o conteúdo do Plano de Contingência Nacional às orientações da Organização Mundial da Saúde.Desenvolvimento: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2), causador da COVID-19, apresenta transmissão comunitária sustentada no Brasil desde março de 2020. O país lançou seu Plano de Contingência Nacional para Infecção Humana pelo novo Coronavírus COVID-19, em fevereiro de 2020, no intuito de orientar a resposta nacional de combate à doença.Conclusão: o documento brasileiro atende parcialmente às recomendações do guia internacional e concentra suas principais lacunas nos pilares sobre pontos de entrada, prevenção e controle da infecção por SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 em equipamentos de saúde e espaços comunitários, manejo de casos suspeitos e confirmados e suporte operacional e logístico.
Comparative transcriptomic analyses of powdery mildew resistant and susceptible cultivated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) varieties to identify the genes involved in the resistance to Sphaerotheca fuliginea infection
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhu Yuqiang , Zhou Shengjun 
Published: April 2020

Background
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a widely cultivated vegetable crop, and its yield and quality are greatly affected by various pathogen infections. Sphaerotheca fuliginea is a pathogen that causes powdery mildew (PM) disease in cucumber. However, the genes involved in the resistance to PM in cucumber are largely unknown.

Methods
In our study, a cucumber PM resistant cultivated variety “BK2” and a susceptible cultivated variety “H136” were used to screen and identify differential expressed genes (DEGs) under the S. fuliginea infection.

Results
There were only 97 DEGs between BK2 and H136 under the control condition, suggesting a similarity in the basal gene expression between the resistant and susceptible cultivated varieties. A large number of hormone signaling-related DEGs (9.2% of all DEGs) between resistant and susceptible varieties were identified, suggesting an involvement of hormone signaling pathways in the resistance to PM. In our study, the defense-related DEGs belonging to Class I were only induced in susceptible cultivated variety and the defense-related DEGs belonging to Class II were only induced in resistant cultivated variety. The peroxidase, NBS, glucanase and chitinase genes that were grouped into Class I and II might contribute to production of the resistance to PM in resistant cultivated variety. Furthermore, several members of Pathogen Response-2 family, such as glucanases and chitinases, were identified as DEGs, suggesting that cucumber might enhance the resistance to PM by accelerating the degradation of the pathogen cell walls. Our data allowed us to identify and analyze more potential genes related to PM resistance.
Size-frequency distribution of coral assemblages in insular shallow reefs of the Mexican Caribbean using underwater photogrammetry
Authors: Hernández-Landa Roberto C. , Barrera-Falcon Erick , Rioja-Nieto Rodolfo 
Published: April 2020

The characterisation of changes in coral communities depends heavily on systematic monitoring programs and the collection of necessary metrics to assess reef health. Coral cover is the most used metric to determine reef health. The current organizational shift in coral requires the evaluation of complementary metrics, such as colony size and frequency distributions, which help to infer the responses of the coral populations to local stress or larger scale environmental changes. In this study, underwater digital photogrammetry techniques were used to assess the live cover of all coral colonies ≥3 cm2and determine the size-frequency distribution of the dominant species in the shallow reefs of the Cozumel Reefs National Park (CRNP). In addition, the minimum sampling area (m2) needed to obtain a representative sample of the local species pool was estimated. Areas between 550 and 825 m2per reef were photographed to generate high-resolution digital ortho-mosaics. The live area of the colonies was digitised to generate community matrices of species and abundance. EstimateS software was used to generate accumulation curves and diversity (ShannonH′) at increasing area intervals. Chi-Square tests (χ2,p = 0.05) were used to compare the observedvsestimated species richness. Spearman’s coefficients (rs), were calculated to correlate the increase in sampling area (m2)vs H′, and the Clench’s function was used to validate the observed richness (R2 = 1 andR > 90%). SIMPER analysis was performed to identify dominant species. Comparisons in terms of abundance, coral cover and size-frequencies were performed with Kruskal-Wallis (Htest,p = 0.05), and paired Mann-Whitney (Utest,p = 0.05). In order to obtain 90% of the species richness, a minimum sampling area of 374 m2is needed. This sampling area could be used in shallow Caribbean reefs with similar characteristics. Twelve (mainly non-massive) species:Agaricia agaricites, A humilis, A. tenuifolia, Eusmilia fastigiata, Meandrina meandrites, Montastrea cavernosa, Orbicella annularis, Porites astreoides, P. porites, Pseudodiploria strigosa, Siderastrea radiansandS. siderea, were dominant in terms of abundance and coral cover. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in the number of colonies and live coral (m2) was observed from north to south of the study area. Furthermore, a wide intraspecific variation of size-frequency, even between adjacent reefs, was also observed. The size-frequency distributions presented positive skewness and negative kurtosis, which are related to stable populations, with a greater number of young colonies and a constant input of recruits. Considering the increase in disturbances in the Caribbean and the appearance of a new coral disease, digital photogrammetry techniques allow coral community characteristics to be assessed at high spatial resolutions and over large scales, which would be complementary to conventional monitoring programs.
Alternative for potassic fertilization of vegetables in organic management in low fertility natural soil of the humid tropics
Authors: Dos Santos Aline Moreno Ferreira 
Published: April 2020

The organic food production and mainly the demand for these products have been growing much worldwide, and with this rising demand there is need for more adequate soil management. Organic fertilization is one of the points to improve and the alternative sources of nutrients should be better evaluated. Potassium is an essential nutrient required in large quantities by greenery and fruit, but according to the legislation of organic production, it can only be used as crushed rocks such as potassium sulfate. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of potassium sulfate (soluble source), wood ash and marble powder as alternative sources of potassium in organic system, using hybrid maize AG 1051 as the indicator crop. The experimental design applied was in randomized blocks in the 3x4x2 factorial scheme, consisting of three potassium sources applied in four doses (0, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 K2O) in the presence and absence of Biofertilizer, with four repetitions. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the averages were compared by the Tukey test (p < 0.05). Both wood ash and marble powder tested can be used as complementary potassium fertilization in organic production systems. Marble powder proved to be the most efficient among the treatments and the Biofertilizer did not have a significant effect on the evaluated characteristics.
Neuroprotective effects of FK866 against traumatic brain injury: Involvement of p38/ERK pathway
Authors: Tan Zhongju , Chen Lili , Ren Yucheng , Jiang Xiaohang , Gao Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveFK866 is an inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), which exhibits neuroprotective effects in ischemic brain injury. However, in traumatic brain injury (TBI), the role and mechanism of FK866 remain unclear. The present research was aimed to investigate whether FK866 could attenuate TBI and clarified the underlying mechanisms.MethodsA controlled cortical impact model was established, and FK866 at a dose of 5 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally at 1 h and 6 h, then twice per day post‐TBI until sacrifice. Brain water content, Evans blue dye extravasation, modified neurological severity scores (mNSS), Morris water maze test, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence staining, and western blot were performed.ResultsThe results demonstrated that FK866 significantly mitigated the brain edema, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and ameliorated the neurological function post‐TBI. Moreover, FK866 decreased the number of Iba‐1‐positive cells, GFAP‐positive astrocytes, and AQP4‐positive cells. FK866 reduced the protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibited NF‐κB from translocation to the nucleus. FK866 upregulated the expression of Bcl‐2, diminished the expression of Bax and caspase 3, and the number of apoptotic cells. Moreover, p38 MAPK and ERK activation were significantly inhibited by FK866.InterpretationFK866 attenuated TBI‐induced neuroinflammation and apoptosis, at least in part, through p38/ERK MAPKs signaling pathway.
Glycocalyx‐Like Hydrogel Coatings for Small Diameter Vascular Grafts
Authors: Dimitrievska Sashka , Wang Juan , Lin Tylee , Weyers Amanda , Bai Hualong , Qin Lingfeng , Li Guangxin , Cai Chao , Kypson Alan , Kristofik Nina , Gard Ashley , Sundaram Sumati , Yamamoto Kota , Wu Wei , Zhao Liping , Kural Mehmet H. , Yuan Yifan , Madri Joseph , Kyriakides Themis R. , Linhardt Robert J. , Niklason Laura E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNovel biological vascular conduits, such as decellularized tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) are hindered by high thrombogenicity. To mimic the antithrombogenic surface of native vessels with a continuous glycosaminoglycan layer that is present on endothelial cells (ECs), a hyaluronic acid (HA) modified surface is established, to effectively shield blood platelets from collagen‐triggered activation. Using the amine groups present on 4 mm diameter decellularized TEVGs, a continuous HA hydrogel coating is built via a bifunctional thiol‐reactive cross‐linker, thereby avoiding nonspecific collagen matrix cross‐linking. The HA hydrogel layer recreates a luminal wall, “hiding” exposed collagen from the bloodstream. In vitro blood tests show that adhered platelets, fibrinogen absorption, and fibrin formation on HA‐coated decellularized TEVGs are significantly lower than on uncoated decellularized TEVGs. The HA surface also inhibits macrophage adhesion in vitro. HA‐coated decellularized syngeneic rat aortae (≈1.5 mm diameter), and TEVGs in rat and canine models, respectively, are protected from aggressive thrombus formation, and preserve normal blood flow. Re‐endothelialization is also observed. HA‐coated TEVGs may be an off‐the‐shelf small‐diameter vascular graft with dual benefits: antithrombogenic protection and promotion of endothelium.
Bioinspired Materials with Self‐Adaptable Mechanical Properties
Authors: Orrego Santiago , Chen Zhezhi , Krekora Urszula , Hou Decheng , Jeon Seung‐Yeol , Pittman Matthew , Montoya Carolina , Chen Yun , Kang Sung Hoon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNatural structural materials, such as bone, can autonomously modulate their mechanical properties in response to external loading to prevent failure. These material systems smartly control the addition/removal of material in locations of high/low mechanical stress by utilizing local resources guided by biological signals. On the contrary, synthetic structural materials have unchanging mechanical properties limiting their mechanical performance and service life. Inspired by the mineralization process of bone, a material system that adapts its mechanical properties in response to external mechanical loading is reported. It is found that charges from piezoelectric scaffolds can induce mineralization from surrounding media. It is shown that the material system can adapt to external mechanical loading by inducing mineral deposition in proportion to the magnitude of the stress and the resulting piezoelectric charges. Moreover, the mineralization mechanism allows a simple one‐step route for fabricating functionally graded materials by controlling the stress distribution along the scaffold. The findings can pave the way for a new class of self‐regenerating materials that reinforce regions of high stress or induce deposition of minerals on the damaged areas from the increase in mechanical stress to prevent/mitigate failure. It is envisioned that the findings can contribute to addressing the current challenges of synthetic materials for load‐bearing applications from self‐adaptive capabilities.
Polarization Multiplexing Terahertz Metasurfaces through Spatial Femtosecond Laser‐Shaping Fabrication
Authors: Li Bohong , Li Xiaowei , Zhao Ruizhe , Wang Guocui , Han Weina , Zhao Bingquan , Huang Lingling , Zhang Yan , Lu Yongfeng , Jiang Lan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTerahertz (THz) metasurface has emerged as a powerful technique to fully modulate the wavefronts of THz radiation. To improve the information storage capability and enhance the encryption security of THz metasurface holograms, smart metasurface designs, and fabrications for polarization multiplexing are essential. In this study, two kinds of polarization multiplexing THz metasurfaces are fabricated through the slit‐based spatial modulation of femtosecond laser. Controllable elliptical aperture arrays can easily and flexibly be fabricated on gold films by adjusting the width and position of the slit combined with the laser pulse energy. Based on the Pancharatnam–Berry phase and amplitude modulation, respectively, THz metasurfaces, with two independent target phases or amplitude profiles, are obtained. A variety of information can be processed under different polarization states through these THz metasurfaces. This method allows flexible and efficient customization of THz metasurfaces because of the high‐speed fabrication and reproducibility as well as precise control of elliptical apertures location on the surface.
Lanthanide Luminescence to Mimic Molecular Logic and Computing through Physical Inputs
Authors: Hernández‐Rodríguez Miguel A. , Brites Carlos D. S. , Antorrena Guillermo , Piñol Rafael , Cases Rafael , Pérez‐García Lluïsa , Rodrigues Mafalda , Plaza José António , Torras Nuria , Díez Isabel , Millán Angel , Carlos Luís D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe remarkable advances in molecular logic reported in the last decade demonstrate the potential of luminescent molecules for logical operations, a paradigm‐changing concerning silicon‐based electronics. Trivalent lanthanide (Ln3+) ions, with their characteristic narrow line emissions, long‐lived excited states, and photostability under illumination, may improve the state‐of‐the‐art molecular logical devices. Here, the use of monolithic silicon‐based structures incorporating Ln3+ complexes for performing logical functions is reported. Elementary logic gates (AND, INH, and DEMUX), sequential logic (KEYPAD LOCK), and arithmetic operations (HALF ADDER and HALF SUBTRACTOR) exhibiting a switching ratio >60% are demonstrated for the first time using nonwet conditions. Additionally, this is the first report showing sequential logic and arithmetic operations combining molecular Ln3+ complexes and physical inputs. Contrary to chemical inputs, physical inputs may enable the future concatenation of distinct logical functions and reuse of the logical devices, a clear step forward toward input–output homogeneity that is precluding the integration of nowadays molecular logic devices.
ImmunoPET Imaging of TIM‐3 in Murine Melanoma Models
Authors: Wei Weijun , Jiang Dawei , Lee Hye Jin , Engle Jonathan W. , Akiba Hisaya , Liu Jianjun , Cai Weibo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractT cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain‐containing‐3 (TIM‐3) is an immune checkpoint expressed mainly on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition to negatively regulating inflammatory T cell function, TIM‐3 is a promising immunotherapy target. Herein, the aim is to develop an immuno‐positron emission tomography (immunoPET) probe for noninvasively characterizing TIM‐3 expression. Flow cytometry is used to detect the expression levels of TIM‐3 in B16F10 cells. RMT3‐23, a rat antimouse TIM‐3‐specific monoclonal antibody, is radiolabeled with 64Cu and the performance of 64Cu‐NOTA‐RMT3‐23 is interrogated by immunoPET in murine melanoma models before and after radiation therapies. Biodistribution and immunofluorescent staining studies are carried out after the immunoPET imaging studies. TIM‐3 is negatively expressed in B16F10 cells, and its expression is not induced by radiation therapies. ImmunoPET imaging with 64Cu‐NOTA‐RMT3‐23 precisely tracks the unique distribution of TIM‐3‐positive lymphocytes in immunocompetent melanoma models, and tumor uptake of the radiotracer is not affected by either single‐dose or fractionated radiation therapies. The 64Cu‐NOTA‐RMT3‐23 immunoPET imaging results are further mirrored by the immunofluorescent staining studies. These results demonstrate the feasibility of 64Cu‐NOTA‐RMT3‐23 immunoPET in tracking TIM‐3 and highlight a new opportunity to optimize TIM‐3‐targeted immunotherapies with this novel imaging strategy.
Usefulness of venoarterial extracorporeal membranous oxygenation for fatal cibenzoline succinate poisoning
Authors: Sato Hiroki , Kyan Ryoko , Uemura Shuji , Toyo Yoshitake , Wada Kenshiro , Nomura Kazuhito , Bunya Naofumi , Narimatsu Eichi 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe effect of venoarterial extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (V‐A ECMO), plasma exchange (PE), and direct hemoperfusion (DHP) for fatal cibenzoline succinate poisoning is unclear. We report a rare case of severe cibenzoline succinate poisoning along with cardiac arrest, wherein the patient was managed with V‐A ECMO, PE, and DHP. We also measured the blood levels of cibenzoline succinate frequently.Case PresentationA 51‐year‐old woman had a refractory cardiac arrest after cibenzoline succinate ingestion. We initiated V‐A ECMO, PE, and DHP. Plasma exchange did not improve clinical manifestations. Her clinical condition improved during DHP, but there was no evidence about removal of drugs. On day 3, DHP and ECMO were terminated. On day 9, she was transferred to another hospital without arrhythmia recurrence.ConclusionVenoarterial ECMO is effective in cases of cibenzoline succinate poisoning‐related cardiac dysfunction or cardiac arrest. No evidence was obtained for the effects of PE and DHP.
Estimating Oil and Protein Content of Sesame Seeds Using Image Processing and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Parsaeian Mahdieh , Shahabi Mojtaba , Hassanpour Hamid 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImage processing has many applications in different fields of agriculture. The present study aimed to use image processing techniques and artificial neural networks (ANN) to estimate oil and protein contents of sesame genotypes without the use of time‐consuming and costly laboratory methods. The proposed method accurately estimates the parameters in sesame seeds without destructing the genetically valuable material. In this study, a set of 138 morphological features were extracted from the digital image of 125 sesame seed genotypes. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) ANN was then employed to estimate oil and protein contents and determine the relationship between estimated values and laboratory‐measured values. The efficiency of this model was compared to radial bases function (RBF), extended RBF (ERBF), GRNN, M5‐Rule, M5‐Tree, support vector machine regression, and linear regression models. Results showed that MLP performed better in estimating qualitative parameters of seeds in the sesame germplasm. The model estimated oil content with an root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.13% (the accuracy of 97.87%) and an R2 of 0.93. Protein content was estimated by an RMSE of 0.378% (the accuracy of 99.62%) and an R2 of 0.96.