bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ileal Neoappendicostomy in the Treatment of Fecal Incontinence in Children
Authors: Abildgaaard Helle Attermann , Ellebæk Mark Bremholm , Rawashdeh Yazan F. , Qvist Niels 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction An antegrade colonic enema (ACE) via an appendicostomy has been shown to be effective in the management of functional bowel problems. In cases with a missing appendix, a neoappendicostomy may be considered.
Materials and Methods A retrospective review of clinical outcomes in children who underwent ileal neoappendicostomy for ACE. Medical records were reviewed for data on demography, intra- and postoperative complications. A follow-up questionnaire on stoma problems, ACE-related problems, bowel function, patient satisfaction, well-being, and effect on daily activities was performed.
Results Ten patients were included at an average age of 10.6 years at surgery. In half of the patients, minor postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo grade 2 or less) were found. Nine patients answered the questionnaire with a mean follow-up of 57 months. Despite complaints of stomal leakage, difficulties with catheterization, and pain during irrigation, they reported a high grade of satisfaction, improvements in well-being, and bowel function and the achievement of continence.
Conclusion Ileal neoappendicostomy may be an alternative to ACE in children with severe and medically intractable constipation and or/and fecal incontinence where the appendix is missing or not available.
The coughing body: etiquettes, techniques, sonographies and spaces
Authors: Brown Nik , Nettleton Sarah , Buse Chrissy , Lewis Alan , Martin Daryl 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith newfound relevance in the context of Covid-19, we focus on the coughing body, building on an in-depth qualitative study of three UK lung infection clinics treating people with cystic fibrosis. Conceptually we take our cue from Norbert Elias and the way something as physiologically fundamental as coughing becomes the focus of etiquette and technique, touching also on themes central to Mary Douglas’ anthropology of pollution. This is explored through four themes. First, we show how coughing becomes a matter of biopolitical citizenship expressed through etiquettes that also displace pollution anxieties to surroundings. Second, coughing is a question of being assisted to cough through the mediation of professional skills, interventions and devices. Third, coughing is seen to be central to the sonographic soundscape of the healthcare environment whereby people learn to recognise (and sometimes misrecognise) each other through the ‘sound’ of the cough. Finally, coughing properly can be seen to have both a ‘time and a place’ including the retreat of the cough from public space into risky confined spaces. Our conclusion speculates on the way these insights shed light on aspects of life that, until the Covid-19 pandemic, lay largely hidden.
‘Is climate science taking over the science?’: A corpus-based study of competing stances on bias, dogma and expertise in the blogosphere
Authors: Pérez-González Luis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClimate change science has become an increasingly polarized site of controversy, where discussions on epistemological rigour are difficult to separate from debates on the impact that economic and political interests have on the production of evidence and the construction of knowledge. Little research has been conducted so far on the antagonistic discursive processes through which climate knowledge is being contested and traditional forms of expertise are being (de-)legitimized—whether by members of the scientific community or non-scientist actors. This corpus-based study contributes to previous scholarship on the climate science controversy in a number of respects. Unlike earlier studies based on the analysis of mainstream media articles, this paper interrogates a corpus of climate change blog posts published by scientists, journalists, researchers and lobbyists laying claim to core, contributory and interactional forms of expertise—as conceptualized within the third wave of science studies. Further, the corpus informing this study has been designed to reflect the complex and multivoiced nature of the climate knowledge production process. Drawn from five different blogs, the views represented are not confined to the two poles between which the entrenched dialectic of ‘alarmists’ versus ‘deniers’ is typically played out in the climate science debate. Following a systemic functional conceptualization of dialogic engagement as a means of positioning authorial voices vis-à-vis competing perspectives construed and referenced in a text, this paper reports on bloggers’ use of three lexical items (bias,dogmaandpeer review) to expose their reliance on (non-)epistemic values. Concordances and a range of visualization tools are used to gain systematic insights into the network of lexical choices that obtain around these items, and to gauge whether/how bloggers construct coherent authorial subjectivities in a bid to claim expert status and/or question the recognition of other players in the debate.
Engineered biomimetic nanoparticle for dual targeting of the cancer stem-like cell population in sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma
Authors: Kim Jinhwan , Dey Abhinav , Malhotra Anshu , Liu Jingbo , Ahn Song Ih , Sei Yoshitaka J. , Kenney Anna M. , MacDonald Tobey J. , Kim YongTae 
Published: September 2020

Significance
This study shows that an engineered biomimetic nanoparticle decorated with a targeting ligand and loaded with a sonic hedgehog inhibitor maintains its stability in the circulation, crosses the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and delivers drug molecules to the cancer stem-like cell population in sonic hedgehog subtype of medulloblastoma. Leveraging the natural capabilities of high-density lipoprotein, our nanoparticle enables the facilitated and targeted cellular uptake of drugs and receptor-mediated intracellular cholesterol depletion in medulloblastoma cells. Our successful in vivo validation of the nanocarrier performance suggests a new viable strategy by which to deliver other drugs that are reportedly unable to cross the BBB, have low bioavailability, and/or off-target effects for the treatment of brain tumors, including medulloblastoma.
Damage accelerates ice shelf instability and mass loss in Amundsen Sea Embayment
Authors: Lhermitte Stef , Sun Sainan , Shuman Christopher , Wouters Bert , Pattyn Frank , Wuite Jan , Berthier Etienne , Nagler Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Pine Island Glacier and Thwaites Glacier in the Amundsen Sea Embayment are among the fastest changing outlet glaciers in Antarctica. Yet, projecting the future of these glaciers remains a major uncertainty for sea level rise. Here we use satellite imagery to show the development of damage areas with crevasses and open fractures on Pine Island and Thwaites ice shelves. These damage areas are first signs of their structural weakening as they precondition these ice shelves for disintegration. Model results that include the damage mechanism highlight the importance of damage for ice shelf stability, grounding line retreat, and future sea level contributions from Antarctica. Moreover, they underline the need for incorporating damage processes in models to improve sea level rise projections.
Distance-dependent regulation of NMDAR nanoscale organization along hippocampal neuron dendrites
Authors: Ferreira Joana S. , Dupuis Julien P. , Kellermayer Blanka , Bénac Nathan , Manso Constance , Bouchet Delphine , Levet Florian , Butler Corey , Sibarita Jean-Baptiste , Groc Laurent 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Glutamatergic synapses onto pyramidal neurons are diverse in shape, size, and NMDAR-dependent long-term plasticity according to their dendritic location, i.e., proximal or distal to the soma. Deciphering the fine organization of NMDAR subtypes along the dendritic arbor of hippocampal neurons is key to understand the functional diversity of these various synapses. We unveil that the nanoscale organization of NMDAR changes as a function of distance from the soma in a subunit-specific and CaMKII interaction-dependent manner at proximal dendritic segments.
Netrin1 deficiency activates MST1 via UNC5B receptor, promoting dopaminergic apoptosis in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ahn Eun Hee , Kang Seong Su , Qi Qi , Liu Xia , Ye Keqiang 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Netrin1 is an important molecule for dopaminergic neuronal survival and axon guidance. The Hippo/MST1/2 pathway plays a critical role in restricting tissue growth in adults and modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in developing organs as well as in the brain. Here, we demonstrate that Netrin1 is deficient in PD patient’s brain that activates Hippo/MST1 kinase, which selectively binds and phosphorylates netrin receptor UNC5B on T428 residue, promoting its apoptotic activation and dopaminergic neuronal loss. Hence, Netrin1 reduction acts as an extrinsic stimulus that triggers Hippo/MST1/YAP pathway activation, leading to dopaminergic neuronal loss in PD pathogenesis.
Microbial biomarkers reveal a hydrothermally active landscape at Olduvai Gorge at the dawn of the Acheulean, 1.7 Ma
Authors: Sistiaga Ainara , Husain Fatima , Uribelarrea David , Martín-Perea David M. , Ferland Troy , Freeman Katherine H. , Diez-Martín Fernando , Baquedano Enrique , Mabulla Audax , Domínguez-Rodrigo Manuel , Summons Roger E. 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceMolecular fossil biomarkers illuminate a geothermally active oasis landscape at Olduvai Gorge 1.7 Ma at the emergence of the Acheulean technology. This study on the local paleolandscape reveals a mosaic ecosystem with great biodiversity, rivers, edible resources, and hydrothermal features. Evidence of hydrothermalism was found near sites intensively used by early hominins. The geothermal activity described here may have influenced the use of the space at Olduvai Gorge and may have provided advantages, such as cooking, which has not been previously contemplated in the context of human evolution.
Supertertiary protein structure affects an allosteric network
Authors: Laursen Louise , Kliche Johanna , Gianni Stefano , Jemth Per 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Protein function can be allosterically regulated by changes in structure or dynamics. PDZ domains are classic examples for studies of allostery in single protein domains. However, PDZ domains are often found in multidomain proteins; in particular, PDZ3 is located in a supramodule containing three domains. The allosteric network in PDZ3 has never been studied in the presence of the adjacent domains. Here we map the allosteric network for a PDZ3:ligand complex, both in isolation and in the context of a supramodule. We demonstrate that the allosteric network is highly dependent on this supertertiary structure, with broad implications for studies of allostery in single domains.
Extracellular microRNAs in human circulation are associated with miRISC complexes that are accessible to anti-AGO2 antibody and can bind target mimic oligonucleotides
Authors: Geekiyanage Hirosha , Rayatpisheh Shima , Wohlschlegel James A. , Brown Robert , Ambros Victor 
Published: September 2020

Significance
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant inside cells, where they regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally, but are also found in circulation as remarkably stable extracellular constituents of body fluids such as human blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. We observed that these circulating miRNAs are predominantly associated with free Argonaut 2 (AGO2) complexes that are accessible to immunoprecipitation by AGO2 antibodies and are able to base-pair with complementary target RNAs, suggesting that, under normal physiological conditions, circulating miRNAs are largely contained in functional miRNA-mediated silencing complexes (miRISCs). However, we observe that, under certain pathological conditions, more miRNAs become associated with complexes other than free AGO2/miRISC, suggesting that the assortment of circulating miRNAs into distinct complexes offers a potential new dimension to miRNA-based diagnostics.
Polyamorphism of vapor-deposited amorphous selenium in response to light
Authors: Zhang Aixi , Jin Yi , Liu Tianyi , Stephens Richard B. , Fakhraai Zahra 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Amorphous selenium (a-Se) has a complicated molecular structure with overcoordinated defects and dangling bonds. This light-sensitive structure can undergo significant changes including bond breakage, reconnection, and defect formation upon illumination with above-bandgap light. Light sensitivity makes a-Se a unique system to study the role of surface structure and dynamics on stable glass formation during physical vapor deposition. We show that illumination during deposition produces less dense, more anisotropic, and kinetically more stable glasses, due to better network formation at the surface. This is a demonstration that light can be used to manipulate surface properties to generate distinct polyamorphic solid states that are not accessible through liquid quenching or aging.
Hair cell α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor functional expression regulated by ligand binding and deafness gene products
Authors: Gu Shenyan , Knowland Daniel , Matta Jose A. , O’Carroll Min L. , Davini Weston B. , Dhara Madhurima , Kweon Hae-Jin , Bredt David S. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Auditory hair cells receive olivocochlear efferent innervation, which improves sound discrimination and mitigates acoustic trauma. The olivocochlear synapse involves α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which do not express in recombinant cell lines. Here, genome-wide screening determined that assembly and surface expression of α9α10 require ligand binding. Ion channel function additionally demands an auxiliary subunit, which can be transmembrane inner ear (TMIE) or TMEM132e. These single-pass transmembrane proteins are enriched in hair cells and underlie nonsyndromic human deafness. Inner hair cells from TMIE mutant mice show altered postsynaptic α9α10 function and abnormally retain α9α10-mediated transmission through development. This study identifies unexpected functions for human deafness genes TMIE/TMEM132e and enables drug discovery for this elusive nAChR implicated in prevalent auditory disorders.
Visual classification of running economy by distance running coaches
Authors: Cochrum Robbie G. , Conners Ryan T. , Caputo Jennifer L. , Coons John M. , Fuller Dana K. , Frame Mark C. , Morgan Don W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectives: This study assessed the ability of coaches to rank‐order distance runners on running economy (RE) through visual assessment. Methods: Running economy was measured in five trained recreational distance runners at a speed of 3.57 m·s−1, with a minimum VO2 difference of 2‐mL.kg−1.min−1 between adjacent runners. Following measurement of RE, participants were filmed from the front, side, and rear while running on a treadmill. Endurance coaches from high school to international level (N = 121) viewed each video and ranked the runners on a scale from 1 (most economical) to 5 (least economical). Coaches also completed a demographic questionnaire and listed running style biomechanical observations they used in determining each ranking. A cumulative odds ordinal logistic regression with proportional odds was run to determine the effect of coaching level, years of coaching experience, years of training experience, competition level, certification status, and education level, on the ability of distance running coaching to accurately rank RE among a group of runners. Results: No coaching characteristic was a significant predictor of ranking accuracy, χ 2 = 3.566, p = .735. Conclusions: Visual assessment of effort, based on RE, is a difficult task, even for the trained eye and could be related to difficulty in understanding the interaction effect of various RE factors or the translation of scientific‐based knowledge to the field of play. Practically, coaches should be cautious when recommending biomechanical adjustments without considering the interconnected factors related to such changes.
Extreme renormalisations of dimer eigenmodes by strong light–matter coupling
Authors: Sturges Thomas J , Repän Taavi , Downing Charles A , Rockstuhl Carsten , Stobińska Magdalena 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We explore by theoretical means an extreme renormalisation of the eigenmodes of a dimer of dipolar meta-atoms due to strong light–matter interactions. Firstly, by tuning the height of an enclosing photonic cavity, we can lower the energy level of the symmetric ‘bright’ mode underneath that of the anti-symmetric ‘dark’ mode. This is possible due to the polaritonic nature of the symmetric mode, that shares simultaneously its excitation with the cavity and the dimer. For a heterogeneous dimer, we show that the polariton modes can be smoothly tuned from symmetric to anti-symmetric, resulting in a variable mode localisation from extended throughout the cavity to concentrated around the vicinity of the dimer. In addition, we reveal a critical point where one of the meta-atoms becomes ‘shrouded’, with no response to a driving electric field, and thus the field re-radiated by the dimer is only that of the other meta-atom. We provide an exact analytical description of the system from first principles, as well as full-wave electromagnetic simulations that show a strong quantitative agreement with the analytical model. Our description is relevant for any physical dimer where dipolar interactions are the dominant mechanism.
Status and physics potential of the JUNO experiment
Authors: Perrot F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton multipurpose liquid scintillator detector with an unprecedented energy resolution of 3% at 1 MeV being built in a dedicated underground laboratory in China and expected to start data taking in 2021. The main physics goal of the experiment is the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy with a significance of 3-4 σ within six years of running using electron antineutrinos coming from two nuclear power plants at a baseline of about 53 km. Beyond this fundamental question, JUNO will also have a very rich physics program including the precise measurement at a sub-percent level of the solar neutrino oscillation parameters, the detection of low-energy neutrinos coming from galactic core-collapse supernova, diffuse supernova background, the Sun and the Earth (geo-neutrinos). This manuscript will give an overview on the JUNO physics potential and the current status of the project.
An Experimental Study of Infrastructure Configuration for Improving AIS Coverage Area
Authors: Nooriansyah S , Kristianto D , Antara D S , Artana K B , Dinariyana A A B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In 2002 the International Maritime Organization (IMO) issued Regulation 19 and Annex 17, which requires the Automatic Identification System (AIS) to be installed on every ship with a size of 300 gross tonnages and above. One potential use of AIS as an assistance for anti-collision devices. AIS is not only to be installed on the ship but also can be installed on the shore and act as a base station. Hence, the monitoring of vessel traffic can be done by this base station. Indonesia is an archipelagic country with more than 17,000 islands spread over the country and also known as the second longest coastline in the world at 108,000 km. This paper aims to give some ideas on the establishment of land-based monitoring system infrastructure in Indonesia. Main Base Station (MBS) is used for AIS data storage, AIS data integration and processing in the core while Remote Base Station (RBS) is used for receiving AIS data from ships and then sent to MBS. In general, RBS uses two antenna are omnidirectional and yagi directional, each antenna will connect the AIS receiver. According to this configuration, the coverage of MBS is limited to 100 km into the sea from land. To increase the coverage area, a modification was done by adding several types of antennas and applying into the MBS and RBS integration system. The modification shows that the number of RBS to be installed to cover the same coverage area can be reduced. The MBS and RBS integration are not only covered the Surabaya but also Rembang, Semarang, Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta and Cilegon. The result of integration is the total ship each day for almost North Java Island and one place in South Java Island is 507 ship and average ship each day is 240.
The preliminary of Design and Movement of Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV)
Authors: Manullang S , Pusaka A , Setiawan A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to design a mini Remote Operated Vehicles (ROV) which based on remote control underwater robot, and test its movements, the longitudinal and vertical movements in calm water. This research is still a preliminary research to find the best design for the ROV and its movement. The Mini ROV design is integrated into several design processes, making designs by using software, planning the selection of each component used in the mini ROV, designing mechanical construction, designing electronic construction, and the final stage is the integration of the entire design process. The results of this research decided that the best design of mini ROV is named “AF-150114. The ROV robot is made with a total dimension of 65 cm in length, 50 cm in width, and 25 cm in height. In the ROV body is made using fiberglass base material that every gap is coated with a seal so that the ROV impermeability can be maintained properly. In movement system, ROV uses two leaves of propeller to move forward and backward while using a ballast pump system to submerge and lift the ROV.
Designing innovative AtoNs for inland navigation based on IALA guidelines – Kenyir lake as a case study
Authors: Hasbullah M I , Osnin N A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Currently, there is no standardized framework for navigation in inland waters. This means that navigation is not bound to comply with international and national standards and requirements. One key element to ensure safety of navigation is Aids to Navigation (AtoNs). However, the non-standard AtoNs currently used on inland waters may lead to confusion and increased navigation risks. The safety of inland navigation is critically important in transporting people and goods. Consequently, appraisal of existing inland navigation practices is needed towards measuring the performance and availability of AtoNs in inland waters. This study is primarily to assess the use of AtoNs on Kenyir Lake in Malaysia to enhance safety and operational efficiency for navigation. Kenyir Lake is chosen as the subject of this study due to its multi-use functions where inland navigation is widely practiced. The study has practical importance in mitigating risks to human life, environment and economic potential as more users engages in navigation. Statistically, in 2015, Kenyir Lake records more than 700,000 users including tourists and local. There is an annual increase by 100,000 tourists each year which provides significant economic contributions. This study comprising of mixed method including observatory analysis, comparative analysis, Adaptable Design Method and Rapid Iterative Testing and Evaluation (RITE). The outcome of this study will be to provide the recommended design for AtoNs to be use for inland navigation that comply with IALA guidelines. The design is set to be more practical, cost effective and standardized.