bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Discrete Orthonormal S-Transform to Simulate Earthquake Ground Motions
Authors: Cui Xi Zhong , Hong Han Ping 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThe S-transform and discrete orthonormal S-transform (DOST) produce time–frequency representations, which is in contrast to the wavelet transformations. Similar in the Fourier transform, the use of the S-transform and DOST provides frequency-dependent resolution with absolutely referenced phase information. Although the decomposed signal using DOST is expressed as a sum of orthonormal basis function, this is not the case if the S-transform is used. In the present study, a procedure to simulate nonstationary ground motions based on DOST is proposed based on a seed record or given a target amplitude of DOST coefficients. It is shown that the model has zero mean, and its variance equals the assigned target. Using five real records, each from a larger earthquake, the application of the DOST and S-transform to the records is carried out. Although the time–frequency resolution obtained from DOST is coarse as compared to that obtained using the S-transform, its use identifies clearly time–frequency characteristics. Samples of ground motions are simulated using the proposed method based on the amplitude of the DOST coefficients of a seed record or on the average amplitude of the DOST coefficients of a set of actual records. The comparison of the time–frequency resolution, Fourier spectrum, time-varying power distribution, and response spectrum of the simulated and seed records indicates that the proposed simulation model is a useful and practical tool to simulate nonstationary ground motions.
Characterization of Spall in Hard Rock from Observations and Simulations of the Source Physics Experiment Phase I
Authors: Ford Sean R. , Vorobiev Oleg Y. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTSpall signals from the Source Physics Experiments are presented, analyzed, and modeled for insight to the explosion source. The observed signal is similar in nature to nearby historical nuclear explosions, and the surface force-time history or velocity can be interpreted with the same model. We use the models for peak spall velocity, spalled mass, and spall depth and radius derived from historical nuclear explosions to parameterize the physical force-time history model from Stump (1985) and show that this parameterized model can be used for spall prediction. The spall signal is also investigated with a numerical continuum model that incorporates gravity. Peak velocity and dwell time are well predicted, and the multiple slap-down phases are captured if one includes a weak near-surface layer similar to the geologic observation.
Regionally Optimized Background Earthquake Rates from ETAS (ROBERE) for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment
Authors: Llenos Andrea L. , Michael Andrew J. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTWe use an epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) based approach to develop a regionally optimized background earthquake rates from ETAS (ROBERE) method for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. ROBERE fits parameters to the full seismicity catalog for a region with maximum-likelihood estimation, including uncertainty. It then averages the earthquake rates over a suite of catalogs from which foreshocks and aftershocks have been removed using stochastic declustering while maintaining the same Gaussian smoothing currently used for the U.S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM). The NSHM currently determines these rates by smoothing a single catalog from which foreshocks and aftershocks have been removed using the method of Gardner and Knopoff (1974; hereafter, GK74). The parameters used in GK74 were determined from subjectively identified aftershock sequences, unlike ROBERE, in which both background rate and aftershock triggering parameters are objectively fitted. A major difference between the impacts of the two methods is GK74 significantly reduces the b-value, a critical value for seismic hazard analysis, whereas ROBERE maintains the original b-value from the full catalog. We apply these methods to the induced seismicity in Oklahoma and Kansas and tectonic activity in the San Francisco Bay Region. Using GK74 gives lower overall earthquake rates but estimates higher hazard due to the reduction in the b-value. ROBERE provides higher earthquake rates, at the magnitude of completeness, but lower hazard because it does not alter the b-value. We test two other declustering methods that produce results closer to ROBERE but do not use objectively fit parameters, include uncertainty, and may not work as well in other areas. We suggest adopting ROBERE for the NSHM so that our hazard estimates are based on an objective analysis, including uncertainty, and do not depend strongly on potentially biased b-values, which was never the goal of the existing methodology.
Stres berhubungan dengan atensi pada siswa sekolah menegah atas
Authors: Nurhasanah Nurhasanah , Meiyanti Meiyanti 
Published: March 2020

LATAR BELAKANGAtensi merupakan komponen kecil dalam tahap memori saat seseorang melakukan proses berpikir. Bila terdapat gangguan pada atensi, maka seseorang akan sulit untuk menerima atau mempelajari hal yang baru. Atensi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai situasi, salah satunya adalah stres. Stres merupakan masalah umum yang terjadi dalam kehidupan manusia dan menjadi bagian hidup yang tidak dapat dielakkan. Siswa sekolahpun dapat mengalami stres yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap atensi dan mempengaruhi tingkat prestasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan stres dengan atensi pada siswa sekolah menengah atas.
METODEPenelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan desain cross sectional yang mengikusertakan 173 siswa sekolah menengah atas. Responden diperoleh dengan teknik cluster sampling. Stres diukur dengan menggunakan perceive stress scale dan atensi diukur dengan menggunakan digit span test. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square untuk mengetahui hubungan antara stres dengan atensi.
HASILDidapatkan jumlah responden sebanyak 173 orang dengan 26% siswa dengan tingkat atensi yang buruk dan 28.3% yang mengalami stres. Dari hasil analisis bivariat terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara stres dengan atensi pada siswa sekolah menengah atas (p=0.000).
KESIMPULANTerdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara stres dengan atensi pada siswa sekolah menengah atas.
Clinicoepidemiological and laboratory profile of children with severe acute malnutrition admitted to a tertiary care centre
Authors: Bhat Abdus Sami , Qureshi Umer Amin , Nigeen Waseeqa , Bashir Iram , Khursheed Shagufta 
Published: March 2020

Background: Severe Acute Malnutrituon (SAM) is a form of malnutrition where there is an imminent threat of death to the child. The chances of complications are very high and in most case child requires hospitalization for stabilization and rehabiliatation. Objective of study the clinicoepidemiological and laboratory profile of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) admitted to a Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre (NRC) of our hospital.Methods: A retrospective chart review of admitted patients. Nutritional Rehabilitation centre (NRC) at GB Pant Hospital Government Medical College Srinagar over a one year period between June 2017 and June 2018.Results: Total of 187 patients of SAM was admitted in NRC during the study period. One hundred and eight (57.7%) were males and 79(42.3%) were females .Patients were equally among various districts. Infants (<12months) constituted the majority of admissions (54.5%). Marasmus was by far the commonest phenotype presenting as SAM (85.5%).Respiratory comorbidity was the commonest present in about 41 (26.3%) followed by daiarrhea in 32(20.5%). Delayed initiation of complimentary feeding was found in 75(40.1%) while early weaning was found in another 55 children (29.4%). Birth order more than three was present in 92 children (49%). Mother’s literacy status had a direct bearing on the prevalence of SAM. Most of the children were from rural background (75%).Most belonged to low economic and income class as around 65.2% had a very meager family income.Conclusions: SAM is more common in Infants and in children from rural background. It is highly associated with faulty feeding practices including lack of breast feeding and presence of mixed and faulty feeding. It is also associated with increasing birth order, low maternal education and low family income Pneumonia and diarrhea are leading comorbidities. Hypoglycemia and hypothermia are leading complications. Marasmus is the commonest phenotype.
РАЗРАБОТКА АЛГОРИТМОВ АНАЛИЗА ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЙ ВУЛКАНОВ ДЛЯ МОНИТОРИНГА ОПАСНЫХ ПРИРОДНЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ И ЯВЛЕНИЙ
Authors: Урманов Игорь Павлович , Сорокин Алексей Анатольевич , Королев Сергей Павлович , Мальковский Сергей Иванович 
Published: March 2020

Актуальность. Системы видеонаблюдения являются важнейшим видом инструментальных средств наблюдений за состоянием вулканов. Высокая интенсивность сбора данных способствует формированию огромного массива изображений. При этом климатические особенности мест нахождения исследуемых объектов, а также не всегда стабильная работа каналов передачи данных являются причиной появления большого числа испорченных или неинформативных снимков. На их просмотр и исключение из архива специалистами затрачивается дополнительное время, что в целом может сказаться на оперативности принятия решений, связанных с информированием заинтересованных лиц о возникновении опасных природных явлений. В связи с этим актуальной является задача разработки методов и технологий анализа и фильтрации изображений для создания эффективной системы видеонаблюдения за вулканами. Цель: разработка алгоритмов для анализа изображений вулканов. Методы: детектор границ Canny, преобразование дискретных контуров в параметрические в виде ломанных линий, вычисление эталонных характеристик и сравнение с ними полученных данных, анализ частотных характеристик снимка с использованием преобразования Хаара, разложение изображения в многомасштабную пирамиду, составление вектора характерных визуальных признаков объекта, обнаружение искомого объекта с использованием SVM-классификатора. Результаты. Алгоритмы анализа фотоснимков для оценки видимости вулканов и поиска яркостных аномалий. Выводы. В рамках проведенного исследования авторами были разработаны алгоритмы для анализа изображений вулканов. Предложенные методы и подходы позволяют эффективно решать задачи оценки видимости объекта и детектирования яркостных аномалий. Созданные программные средства предоставляют набор инструментов для фильтрации и экспертной оценки изображений с целью поиска возможных признаков активности вулкана. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в работе систем мониторинга вулканической активности для обеспечения безопасности авиации и защиты населения.
História das placas de formatura da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará
Authors: Silva Ricardo Pereira 
Published: March 2020

Até o ano de 1970, entrava apenas uma turma por ano através de seu concurso vestibular. A partir de 1971, passaram a entrar duas turmas por ano, o que acontece até hoje. A turma que entrou no segundo semestre de 1971 colou grau no final do primeiro semestre de 1977. Sendo assim, desde 1977, temos turma 1977.1, 1977.2, etc. No entanto, constava no arquivo da coordenação do curso da FM-UFC duas turmas anuais em 1973, 1974, 1975 e 1976, quando, na realidade, até 1976 só havia uma turma por ano.
Passou a se colocar o número ordinal nas placas a partir da turma de 1988.1. Baseado nas informações dos arquivos do curso, a comissão de formatura dessa turma escreveu na placa que essa era a 51a turma, quando na verdade essa é a 46a turma. A partir dessa placa, então, todas as outras que tem o número ordinal até a turma de 2019.1 estão com esta informação incorreta. Devido a uma prolongada greve de professores, não houve turma se formando no primeiro semestre de 1985.
Metabolic Targets for Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Piranavan Paramarjan , Bhamra Manjeet , Perl Andras 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
There is a considerable unmet demand for safe and efficacious medications in the realm of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The fate of the immune cells is precisely governed by control of various metabolic processes such as mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, beta-oxidation, amino acid metabolism, and several others including the pentose phosphate pathway, which is a unique source of metabolites for cell proliferation and maintenance of a reducing environment. These pathways are tightly regulated by the cytokines, growth factors, availability of the nutrients and host-microbe interaction. Exploring the immunometabolic pathways that govern the fate of cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, during various stages of activation, proliferation, differentiation and effector response, is crucial for new development of new treatment targets. Identifying the pathway connections and key enzymes will help us to target the dysregulated inflammation in autoimmune diseases. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is increasingly recognized as one of the key drivers of proinflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we provide an update on the current understanding of the metabolic signatures noted within different immune cells of many different autoimmune diseases with a focus on selecting pathways and specific metabolites as targets for treatment.
Correlations between inflammatory response and lymphocyte percentage or CD19+ B cell count in Kawasaki disease children at different ages undergoing intravenous immunoglobulin: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Chun , Zhang Xuan , Shen Jia , Lu Xiaotong , Zhang Jian , Chen Sun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Immunoglobulin Intravenous (IVIG) widely used in Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome (Kawasaki disease, KD). However,patients’inflammatory response remains unclear during usage. We evaluated the relationship between inflammatory response and lymphocytes count in KD children with different ages undergoing IVIG to identify the clue significance of lab parameters in therapeutic effect. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 60 KD children and divided them into five groups depending on ages. We investigated all patients’reduced neutrophil percentage and increased lymphocyte percentage before and after IVIG. In the group of patients aged 4 years and older, we explored the absolute counts of CD19 + B cell before therapy and analyzed it together with patient selves’level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) after IVIG. Results: In KD patients after the treatment of IVIG, The means of decreased neutrophil percentages and increased lymphocyte percentage are respectively 30.92% and 25.25% (group of less than 1 year), 29.52% and 22.14% (1 year), 28.31% and 21.7% (2 years), 32.42% and 25.98% (3 years), 34.58% and 27.92% (4 years and older). The scatter diagrams of these two indexes in all groups showed linear relationship. The correlation coefficients valued respectively 0.91, 0.87, 0.91, 0.97, and 0.99 with p value less than 0.01 in all of groups. Means of age correlated positively with their correlation coefficients (r = 0.88, P < 0.05). In the patients aged 4 years and older,absolute counts of CD19 + B cell before IVIG increased, which presented a linear correlation with the decreased extent of IL-10 after the IVIG (r = 0.71, P < 0.05). Conclusions: The older the children’s age, the better the regulatory effect of IVIG on the KD children's immune response and on the recovery of immune equilibrium. In KD patients aged 4 years and older, the abnormally proliferating CD19 + B cell may take part in the enhanced secretion of IL-10 to balance the overactive humoral immune. In patients 4 years and older, combining absolute count of CD19 + B cell before IVIG with the extent of decreased IL-10 after IVIG may have potential significance to evaluate the effect of IVIG on inflammatory immune response.
miR-874 ameliorates retinopathy in diabetic rats by NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Li Rui , Yuan Huimin , Zhao Tao , Yan Yimin , Liu Zhaochen , Cai Jiayu , Qiu Chunli , Li Chuanjing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: miRNAs participate in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and are involved in multiple pathogenesis of DR. High expression of NF-κB signaling pathway boosts the progression of retinopathy in diabetes rats. We found a site where miR-874 bound to the NF-κB p65 by the prediction on a bioinformatics website. Therefore, it was speculated that miR-874 might improve retinopathy in diabetic rats by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.Methods: Ten healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were taken as the control group. Sixty streptozotocin (60 mg/kg)-induced diabetes model rats were randomly divided into the model group (injection of normal saline), negative control (NC) agomir group (injection of overexpressed NC vector), miR-874 agomir group (injection of miR-874 mimic), miR-874 anti-agomir group (injection of miR-874 inhibitor), EVP4593 group (injection of NF-κB signaling pathway antagonist EVP4593), and miR-874 anti-agomir + EVP4593 group (injection of miR-874 inhibitor and EVP4593). All injection was via caudal vein.Results: miR-874 could target the degradation of p65. Compared with the control group, there were significantly reduced miR-874 expression, increased VEGF and Ang2 protein expressions, lowered end-diastolic velocity and peak systolic velocity of central retinal artery (CRA) and blood velocity of central retinal vein and CRA, heightened plasma viscosity, blood viscosity and erythrocyte sedimentation rate at all shear rates, decreased capillary pericytes, increased vascular endothelial cells, and ascended p65 expression in the retina of rats in the model group (all P < 0.05). It showed that pathological changes appeared in the retina of diabetes rats. These indexes showed the same results after miR-874 was inhibited (all P < 0.05). However, these indexes showed the opposite results in the miR-874 agomir group and EVP4593 group compared with the model group (all P < 0.05). EVP4593 could alleviate the aggravation of retinopathy that was caused by the inhibition of miR-874 in diabetes rats.Conclusions: miR-874 mediates the NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting the degradation of p65 to further improve the retina of diabetes rats, showing the improvement effect of miR-874 on diabetic retinopathy in rats.
Minimally invasive versus conventional fixation of tracer in robot-assisted pedicle screw insertion surgery: a randomized control trial
Authors: Yongqi Li , Dehua Zhang , Hongzi Wu , Ke Zhang , Rui Yang , Zhou Fang , Shaobo Wang , Liao yi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background This study evaluated the minimal invasiveness, safety, and accuracy of robot-assisted pedicle screw placement procedure using a modified tracer fixation device. Methods Patients were randomly assigned to conventional fixation group (25 patients) and modified fixation group (27 patients). Results No baseline statistical difference was observed between the groups ( P >0.05). The length of unnecessary incision, amount of bleeding, and fixation duration for tracer fixation respectively were 6.08±1.02 mm, 1.46±0.84 ml, and 1.56±0.32 min in the modified fixation group and 40.28±8.52 mm, 12.02±2.24 ml, and 5.08±1.06 min in the conventional group. The difference between both groups was significant ( P <0.05). However, no significant difference between the two groups was observed in terms of the accuracy of pedicle screw placement ( P >0.05). Conclusions The modified minimally invasive procedure for tracer fixation results in minimal trauma and is simple, reliable, and highly safe. Additionally, the procedure does not compromise the accuracy of pedicle screw placement. Thus, it has great clinical applicable value.
Detection of genes mutations in cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor DNA from neoplastic meningitis patients using next generation sequencing
Authors: Zhao Yue , He JunYing , Cui JunZhao , New Zi-Qi Meng , Zou YueLi , Guo XiaoSu , Chen Xin , Wang Xueliang , New Li-Tian Yan , Han WeiXin , Li Chunyan , Guo Li , Bu Hui 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: This study profiled the somatic gene mutations and the copy number variations (CNVs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with neoplastic meningitis (NM). Methods: A total of 62 CSF ctDNA samples were collected from 58 NM patients for the next generation sequencing. The data were blasted in GenBank and bioinformatically analyzed. Results: Cancer-associated gene mutations occurred in all 62 CSF ctDNA samples in TP53 (54/62; 87.10%), EGFR (44/62; 70.97%), PTEN (39/62; 62.90%), CDKN2A (32/62; 51.61%), APC (27/62: 43.55%), TET2 (27/62; 43.55%), GNAQ (18/62; 29.03%), NOTCH1 (17/62; 27.42%), VHL (17/62; 27.42%), FLT3 (16/62; 25.81%), PTCH1 (15/62; 24.19%), BRCA2 (13/62; 20.97%), KDR (10/62; 16.13%), KIT (9/62; 14.52%), MLH1 (9/62; 14.52%), ATM (8/62; 12.90%), CBL (8/62; 12.90%), and DNMT3A (7/62; 11.29%). The mutated genes enriched by the KEGG pathway analysis were the PI3K-Akt, which included the genes of TP53, EGFR, PTEN, KIT and KDR. After receiving intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy, the ERK1/2 signaling pathways of these CSF samples were activated. Furthermore, the CNVs of these genes were also identified in these 62 samples. Conclusions: This study identified gene mutations in all CSF ctDNA samples, indicating that these mutated genes may be acted as a kind of biomarker for diagnosis of NM, and these mutated genes may affect meningeal metastasis through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
The Impact of Supply-side and Demand-side Interventions on Use of Antenatal and Maternal Services in Western Kenya: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Hirai Mitsuaki , Morris Jamae , New Jill Luoto , Ouda Rosebel , Atieno Nancy , Quick Robert 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Antenatal care (ANC) and delivery by skilled providers have been well recognized as effective strategies to prevent maternal and neonatal mortality. ANC and delivery services at health facilities, however, have been underutilized in Kenya. One potential strategy to increase the demand for ANC services is to provide health interventions as incentives for pregnant women. In 2013, an integrated ANC program was implemented in western Kenya to promote ANC visits by addressing both supply- and demand-side factors. Supply-side interventions included nurse training and supplies for obstetric emergencies and neonatal resuscitation. Demand-side interventions included SMS text messages with appointment reminders and educational contents, group education sessions, and vouchers to purchase health products. Methods : To explore pregnant mothers’ experiences with the intervention, ANC visits, and delivery, we conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) at pre- and post-intervention. A total of 19 FGDs were held with pregnant mothers, nurses, and community health workers (CHWs) during the two assessment periods. We performed thematic analyses to highlight study participants’ perceptions and experiences. Results : FGD data revealed that pregnant women perceived the risks of home-based delivery, recognized the benefits of facility-based delivery, and were motivated by the incentives to seek care despite barriers to care that included poverty, lack of transport, and poor treatment by nurses. Nurses also perceived the value of incentives to attract women to care but described obstacles to providing health care such as overwork, low pay, inadequate supplies and equipment, and insufficient staff. CHWs identified the utility and limitations of text messages for health education. Conclusions : Future interventions should ensure that adequate workforce, training, and supplies are in place to respond to increased demand for maternal and child health services stimulated by incentive programs.