bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestational diabetes mellitus testing in the COVID‐19 pandemic: The problems with simplifying the diagnostic process
Authors: van Gemert Tegan E. , Moses Robert G. , Pape Alexia V. , Morris Gary J. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundMultiple professional bodies have temporarily revised recommendations for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) testing during the COVID‐19 pandemic to reduce person‐to‐person contact. The current Australian temporary criteria advise that if the fasting glucose is ≤4.6 mmol/L, then no glucose tolerance test (GTT) is required.AimsThe aim of this study is to examine the extent of underdiagnosis of GDM using a fasting glucose ≤4.6 mmol/L as a cut‐off to determine that a GTT is not necessary.Materials and MethodsDe‐identified data from pregnant women having a GTT test in the Illawarra area during a six‐year period was used to determine the number of women with GDM and the proportion of positive cases that would be missed for different fasting glucose values.ResultsThere were 16 522 results identified and GDM was diagnosed in 12.2%. The majority of women were more than 30 years of age (85.2%) and diagnosed at ≥20 weeks gestation (81.1%). Of those diagnosed with GDM, 29% had a fasting glucose of ≤4.6 mmol/L and would have been missed.ConclusionsOur results show that using a fasting glucose of 4.6 mmol/L or less would miss nearly a third of women who would otherwise be diagnosed with GDM.
Preventing anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic intersphincteric resection without a diverting stoma: "pull‐through/reborn"
Authors: Hamamoto Hiroki , Okuda Junji , Yamamoto Masashi , Masubuchi Shinsuke , Ishii Masatsugu , Osumi Wataru , Tanaka Keitaro , Uchiyama Kazuhisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionPatients with very low rectal cancer who undergo intersphincteric resection (ISR) often experience anastomotic leakage (AL), even with a diverting stoma. The aim of this study was to introduce a technique for anastomosis after laparoscopic ISR to avoid AL.Materials and Surgical TechniqueIn the first ISR procedure, the rectum was mobilized, the mesorectum was excised, and total, subtotal, or partial internal sphincter incision was performed transanally. In the second surgery, the adhesions between the prolapsed colon and the anal canal were bluntly dissected only as needed for suturing. After sufficient blood flow was confirmed using indocyanine green fluorescence imaging, coloanal transanal anastomosis was performed without a diverting stoma. We call this method “pull‐through/reborn”.Discussion“Pull‐through/reborn” method can prevent AL after laparoscopic ISR. However, more cases and more experience are necessary to analyze anal functions after this method is applied.
Uncoupling sodium channel dimers restores the phenotype of a pain‐linked Nav1.7 channel mutation
Authors: Rühlmann Annika H. , Körner Jannis , Hausmann Ralf , Bebrivenski Nikolay , Neuhof Christian , Detro‐Dassen Silvia , Hautvast Petra , Benasolo Carène A. , Meents Jannis , Machtens Jan‐Philipp , Schmalzing Günther , Lampert Angelika 
Published: July 2020

Background and PurposeThe voltage‐gated sodium channel Nav1.7 is essential for adequate perception of painful stimuli. Mutations in the encoding gene, SCN9A, cause various pain syndromes in humans. The hNav1.7/A1632E channel mutant causes symptoms of erythromelalgia and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD), and its main gating change is a strongly enhanced persistent current. On the basis of recently published 3D structures of voltage‐gated sodium channels, we investigated how the inactivation particle binds to the channel, how this mechanism is altered by the hNav1.7/A1632E mutation, and how dimerization modifies function of the pain‐linked mutation.Experimental ApproachWe applied atomistic molecular simulations to demonstrate the effect of the mutation on channel fast inactivation. Native PAGE was used to demonstrate channel dimerization, and electrophysiological measurements in HEK cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes were used to analyze the links between functional channel dimerization and impairment of fast inactivation by the hNav1.7/A1632E mutation.Key ResultsEnhanced persistent current through hNav1.7/A1632E channels was caused by impaired binding of the inactivation particle, which inhibits proper functioning of the recently proposed allosteric fast inactivation mechanism. hNav1.7 channels form dimers and the disease‐associated persistent current through hNav1.7/A1632E channels depends on their functional dimerization status: Expression of the synthetic peptide difopein, a 14‐3‐3 inhibitor known to functionally uncouple dimers, decreased hNav1.7/A1632E channel‐induced persistent currents.Conclusion and ImplicationsFunctional uncoupling of mutant hNav1.7/A1632E channel dimers restored their defective allosteric fast inactivation mechanism. Our findings support the concept of sodium channel dimerization and reveal its potential relevance for human pain syndromes.
Inclusion of a gene‐environment interaction between alcohol consumption and the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genotype in a risk prediction model for upper aerodigestive tract cancer in Japanese men
Authors: Iwasaki Motoki , Budhathoki Sanjeev , Yamaji Taiki , Tanaka‐Mizuno Sachiko , Kuchiba Aya , Sawada Norie , Goto Atsushi , Shimazu Taichi , Inoue Manami , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   for the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study (JPHC Study) Group
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe well‐known gene‐environment interaction between alcohol consumption and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotype in upper aerodigestive tract cancer risk may improve our ability to identify high‐risk subjects. Here, we developed and validated risk prediction models for this cancer in Japanese men and evaluated whether adding the gene‐environment interaction to the model improved the predictive performance. We developed two case‐cohort datasets in the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study: one from subjects in the baseline survey for model development (108 cases and 4049 subcohort subjects) and the second from subjects in the 5‐year follow‐up survey for model validation (31 cases and 1527 subcohort subjects). We developed an environmental model including age, smoking status, and alcohol consumption, and a gene‐environment interaction model including age, smoking status, and the combination of alcohol consumption and the ALDH2 genotype. We found a statistically significant gene‐environment interaction for alcohol consumption and the ALDH2 genotype. The c‐index for the gene‐environment interaction model (0.71) was slightly higher than that for the environmental model (0.67). The values of integrated discrimination improvement and net reclassification improvement for the gene‐environment interaction model were also slightly higher than those for the environmental model. Goodness‐of‐fit tests suggested that the models were well calibrated. Results from external model validation by the 5‐year follow‐up survey were consistent with those from the model development by the baseline survey. The addition of a gene‐environment interaction to a lifestyle‐based model might improve the performance to estimate the probability of developing upper aerodigestive tract cancer for Japanese men.
Frequent activating PIK3CA mutations in sporadic angiolipoma
Authors: Saggini Andrea , Santonja Carlos , Nájera Laura , Palmedo Gabriele , Kutzner Heinz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAngiolipoma (AL) is considered as a lipoma variant that is characterized by the combination of mature adipocytes and capillary blood vessels diffusely distributed within the tumor. With the exception of recurrent PRKD2 mutations of uncertain pathogenetic significance, the genetic abnormalities of ALs are unknown, in the absence of any of the specific chromosomal aberrations described in other lipoma variants.METHODSFormalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded blocks of 13 conventional ALs and 5 cellular ALs from 17 individuals were retrieved and analyzed for mutations in exons 9 and 20 of PIK3CA by polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing.RESULTSActivating PIK3CA mutations were identified in 14 tumors (78%). All PIK3CA‐mutated samples carried the same exon 9 mutation, c.1634A>C (p.E545A). No mutation was detected in exon 20 of PIK3CA. No significant difference between PIK3CA‐mutated and wild‐type samples appeared to exist based on age, gender, and location of the tumor. All 5 cellular ALs carried the p.E545A PIK3CA mutation.CONCLUSIONThe high frequency of the p.E545A PIK3CA mutation in both conventional and cellular ALs suggests that activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway plays a key role in AL pathogenesis and reinforces the concept that cellular AL should be regarded as a variant of AL.
Paulo Freire in a Hall of Mirrors
Authors: Barros Sandro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince first published in English in 1970, Pedagogy of the Oppressed has inspired generations of scholars and social activists to examine the inherent potential of Paulo Freire's theories on grassroots intellectual emancipation and education in marginalized communities. The interpretive lineage of Freire's writings is vast, indeed. To date, scholars continue to mobilize Freire's ideas to establish meaningful connections between what he describes as “liberatory teaching” and the role progressive educators must play in bringing about a more just and humane society. Freire's popularity outside Brazil, however, has come with inevitable tradeoffs worth considering, particularly as regards the epistemological directions and labels affixed to his educational philosophy. Considering the “many Freires” phenomenon, Sandro Barros takes a genealogical approach in this essay to the metanarratives that have made up Freire scholarship outside Brazil. His analysis is guided by the following questions: (1) What kinds of hermeneutic cultures have enveloped Freire's ideas in academic contexts? (2) How have these cultures shaped the reading practices that surround his texts?
“Make the Education of the Youths Our Own Education”: Plato's Laches, a Dialogue for Educators
Authors: Buck Brandon , Longa Rachel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThrough an exegesis of the dramatic elements of Plato's Laches, Brandon Buck and Rachel Longa argue that it is an especially valuable text to read with practicing and preservice teachers. Buck and Longa show how the dialogue illustrates three essential aspects of what education means and involves. First, they show how the dialogue foregrounds the often‐obscured role of philosophical inquiry in addressing educational questions. Second, they show how the depiction of aporia in the Laches underscores the importance of uncertainty for the persistence of humanistic conversation, and thus for substantial engagement with core educational questions. Finally, they interpret Socrates to suggest that participation in humanistic conversation is not merely an incidental aspect of education as a profession, but rather precisely what it means to be an educator. In sum, Buck and Longa argue that the Laches illustrates the core idea that in order to educate at all, we must be deeply involved in the very questions that characterize humanistic conversation.
Inpatient mortality of patients with multiple myeloma and renal impairment undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Mohyuddin Ghulam Rehman , Abbasi Saqib , Okoniewski Maire , McClune Brian , Abdallah Al‐Ola , Ganguly Siddhartha , McGuirk Joseph , Shune Leyla 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesFurther data are needed on the safety of high‐dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplant (HDM‐ASCT) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and renal impairment. The objective of our study was to use the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to determine inpatient mortality for patients with MM and renal impairment undergoing HDM‐ASCT, as well as trends over time.MethodsUsing the NIS, we tracked hospital admissions for MM patients from 2002 to 2014 who underwent HDM‐ASCT, using ICD 9 coding.ResultsThe total weighted estimate of inpatient admissions for HDM‐ASCT among MM patients was 47,253 from 2002 to 2014. A weighted total of 45 and 1709 patients with MM received peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) during HDM‐ASCT for MM, respectively. There was a markedly increased risk of inpatient mortality in patients on dialysis undergoing transplant (20.5% for PD patients, 13.8% for HD patients), even after accounting for other comorbidities (odds ratio of inpatient mortality of 6.193 [CI 3.585‐10.701]). A significant decrease was noted in inpatient mortality for patients with ESRD undergoing HDM‐ASCT over time from 15.6% in 2009 to 5% in 2014 (P < .001).ConclusionPatients with MM on dialysis undergoing HDM‐ASCT are at significantly increased risk of inpatient mortality.
Serum folate and cytokines in heterozygous β‐thalassemia
Authors: Paniz Clóvis , Lucena Maylla Rodrigues , Bertinato Juliano Felix , dos Santos Magnun Nueldo Nunes , Gomes Guilherme Wataru , Figueiredo Maria Stella , Sonati Maria de Fátima , Blaia‐D Avila Vera Lúcia Nascimento , Green Ralph , Guerra‐Shinohara Elvira Maria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionFolate deficiency is commonly reported in β‐thalassemia. Individuals heterozygous for β‐thalassemia may have higher folate requirements than normal individuals.Objectives: To document the concentration of serum total folate and its forms in β‐thalassemia heterozygote users (β‐TmU) and nonusers (β‐TmN) of 5 mg folic acid/d; to determine whether folic acid (FA) consumption from fortified foods allows beta‐Tm patients, who do not take FA supplements, to meet their dietary folate requirements; and to investigate the association between higher serum unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA) and inflammatory cytokine concentrations.MethodsSerum total folate and forms were measured in 42 β‐Tm (13 β‐TmU and 29 β‐TmN) and 84 healthy controls. The mononuclear leucocyte mRNA expression of relevant genes and their products and hematological profiles were determined.Resultsβ‐TmU had higher serum total folate, 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate, UMFA, and tetrahydrofolate (THF) compared with β‐TmN. The β‐TmN had lower serum total folate and THF than controls. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) was lower in β‐TmU compared with both β‐TmN and controls, while β‐TmN had higher tHcy than controls. β‐TmU had higher IL‐8 than their controls while β‐TmN had higher IL‐6 and IL‐8 than their controls. β‐TmU have higher levels of serum total folate, 5‐ methyltetrahydrofolate, UMFA, and THF than controls. There was no association between UMFA concentrations and cytokine levels.ConclusionsMandatory flour fortification with FA in Brazil may be insufficient for β‐TmN, since they have higher tHcy and lower serum total folate than controls. Furthermore, β‐TmN have higher IL‐6 levels than β‐TmU. UMFA was not associated with inflammatory cytokine levels.
Treatment of chronic wounds with polyurethane sponges impregnated with boric acid particles: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kapukaya Rana , Ciloglu Osman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the sponge with boric acid particles combined with the negative pressure wound treatment (NPWT) system for chronic wounds with tissue defects. Our study was designed as a prospective randomised study. One hundred patients who were planned to have NPWT due to chronic wounds were included in this study from Orthopaedics and Traumatology and Plastic Surgery clinics. Patients were divided into two groups. In the first group, a new method, boric acid impregnated sponge, combined with the NPWT system, was used, and in the second group, sponge with silver nitrate was used. Besides the wide‐broad spectrum antibacterial properties of silver nitrate, the antimicrobial, angiogenetic, and epithelial effects of boric acid were aimed to investigate by macroscopically and histopathologically. Thirty‐six patients in the silver nitrate group and 44 patients in the boric acid group completed the study. A decrease in wound size and granulation was observed in both groups. Macroscopically, a decrease in wound size reduction, epithelialization and granulation were more prominent in the first group in which boric acid impregnated sponge was used than the second group in which silver sponge was used. Moreover, microscopically, the number of fibroblasts, collagen synthesis, and angiogenesis were significantly increased in Group 1. In this clinical study, the broad‐spectrum antimicrobial properties of boric acid and its positive effect on the cells responsible for wound healing were found to be more pronounced compared to silver nitrate sponges. A combination of boric acid sponges with the NPWT system may be an alternative method for chronic wounds.
Advances in the control of electrophoretic process parameters to tune the ytterbium disilicate coatings microstructure
Authors: Prioux Manon , Duluard Sandrine , Ansart Florence , Pujol Guillaume , Gomez Philippe , Pin Lisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSuspensions of ytterbium disilicate in isopropanol were prepared using iodine dispersant. Their zeta potential, electrical conductivity, and pH dependence with iodine concentration is detailed. Electrophoretic deposition was performed on silicon substrates at various voltages (100‐200 V) and times (until 10 minutes) and the growth dynamic was investigated. It was observed that the deposited mass reaches a maximum value for [I2] = 0.2 g/L, and the coating microstructure becomes porous at higher iodine concentrations. Current density and voltage measurements allowed to correlate this behavior to the increase of free protons concentration in the suspension. In these conditions, it was proved that porosity increases with the increase in applied voltage, and a compaction occurs as the deposition time increases. This has been related to the coating resistance increase and subsequent decrease in effective voltage in the suspension. The denser coatings (20% of porosity) were obtained in the case of suspension without iodine, at the minimum applied voltage and for the longest deposition times.
Knowledge translation in Western Australia tertiary paediatric emergency department: An audit cycle of effectiveness of guideline dissemination on bronchiolitis management
Authors: Yeo Yee Lymn , O'Brien Sharon , Bear Natasha , Borland Meredith L 
Published: July 2020

AimBronchiolitis is the commonest cause of hospitalisation for infants. Evidence‐based Australasian bronchiolitis guideline was developed and introduced in 2017. This audit was to determine if the knowledge translation process of the updated local tertiary hospital bronchiolitis guideline (based on the Australasian guideline) reduced unnecessary interventions.MethodsA retrospective chart review of infants with bronchiolitis diagnosis during the pre‐guideline (1 July to 31 August 2015) and post‐guideline (1 July to 31 August 2017) period, with the primary outcome of the number/proportion of unnecessary interventions.ResultsPresentations between 1 July to 31 August 2015 (n = 465) were compared with 2017 (n = 343). There was no difference in undertaking chest X‐ray (24 (5.2%) vs. 17 (5.0%), odds ratio (OR) 0.98 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–1.35), P = 0.911), salbutamol (23 (4.9%) vs. 10 (2.9%), OR 0.86 (95% CI 0.65–1.13), P = 0.279), glucocorticoids (2 (0.4%) vs. 5 (1.5%), OR 1.89 (95% CI 0.83–4.31), p = 0.129), antibiotics (11 (2.4%) vs. 5 (1.5%), OR 0.86 (95% CI 0.65–1.15), P = 0.307) or nasopharyngeal aspirate (172 (37%) vs. 124 (36.2%), OR 1.00 (95% CI 0.87–1.67), P = 0.937) in hospital. Adrenaline was not administered in both years. There was reduced hospital admissions (303 (65.2%) vs. 192 (56.0%), OR 0.82 (95% CI 0.71–0.95), P = 0.008) with no difference in paediatric intensive care unit admissions (10 (2.2%) vs. 8 (2.3%), OR 1.04 (95% CI 0.65–1.67), P = 0.863).ConclusionThe dissemination process of the updated local hospital bronchiolitis guideline did not show any statistically significant reduction of unnecessary interventions in the hospital. Further studies are required to determine the effective process to instigate changes in health services.
Perceived dental care need and actual oral health status in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Akinkugbe Aderonke A. , E. Sarah Raskin , Richard Singer , Tracy Finlayson , Marston Youngblood , Nadia Laniado , Shirley Beaver , Linda Kaste 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of subjective self‐assessment of dental care need with objective oral disease status in a sample of Hispanics/Latinos.MethodsData from 13,561 participants of the 2008–2011 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos were analyzed using complex survey procedure in SAS 9.4. Subjective self‐reports of types of dental care needed (check‐up or cleaning, teeth filled, teeth pulled, gum treatment, denture repair) were validated against objectively determined oral disease status [dental decay, periodontitis, bleeding on probing (BOP) and count of missing teeth].ResultsIndividuals who reported needing a cleaning/checkup were twice as likely to present with BOP upon oral examination (POR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.54, 2.63). Similarly, individuals who reported needing gum treatment were more likely to present with periodontitis (POR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.71, 2.24) and BOP (POR = 2.70, 95% CI: 2.37, 3.07) upon oral examination. In multivariable prediction modeling, demographic factors and subjective dental care measures were associated with the respective oral disease states. Moreover, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve for the count of missing teeth were, respectively, 77 percent, 57 percent, and 0.84, while the positive predictive value (PPV) was 26 percent.ConclusionsIn bivariate analysis, self‐reported type of dental care needed appear indicative of actual oral disease state and may be of value for the surveillance of oral diseases when clinical measures are unattainable. In multivariable prediction modeling, these subjective measures had low PPVs thus limiting the generalizability of our findings. Nonetheless, validation and refinement of these constructs in other populations is warranted.
Digital skin: The impact of modern‐day photograph filtering applications on children with skin diseases
Authors: Young Trevor K. , Oza Vikash S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhotograph editing has been present for centuries, but the past decade has seen an unprecedented rise in the practice, particularly on social media platforms. Common filters are able to soften complexion, remove blemishes, and even reshape facial features. Children and adolescents with skin conditions may find solace in using these applications to mask their disease online, but there is increasing concern about negative overall body image among those who filter their photographs. Pediatric dermatologists should remain aware of the practice of photograph editing among young people and consider asking patients about their social media presence.