bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield and Profitability Analysis of Pulse and Oil Seed Based Cropping Patterns against Aman- Boro- Fallow Cropping Systems in Magura
Authors: Chowhan Sushan , Ghosh Shampa Rani , Hoque Md. Imdadul , Islam Majharul , Nabi K.M. Eadun 
Published: December 2020

Background: Bangladesh is one of the densely populated countries in the world. To meet up the increasing food demand there’s no alternative to increase the cropping intensity through high yielding and short duration crop varieties. Currently, cropping system of Bangladesh is mostly rice based which is also the staple food. Therefore, farmers which follow rice-rice based cropping patterns are gaining less profit day by day. Contrary, intensive rice culture is depleting soil properties gradually. Thus, to preserve soil health and increase profit pulse and oil seed based cropping patterns are crucial for sustaining a cropping pattern. This study was undertaken to find out a cropping pattern with higher yield and profit in the context of Magura district. Methods: Five cropping patterns, CP1 = Transplanted Aman rice (cv. Binadhan-7)- Mustard (cv. Binasarisha-9)- Boro rice (cv. Binadhan-14); CP2 = T.Aman (cv. Binadhan-16)-Mustard (cv. Binasarisha-10)- Boro (cv. Binadhan-14); CP3 = T.Aman (cv. Binadhan-17) -Mustard (cv. Binasarisha-10)- Boro (cv. Binadhan-14); CP4 = T.Aman (cv. Binadhan-17)- Lentil (cv. Binamasur-8)- Sesame (cv. Binatil-3) and CP5 (Control) - Aman (cv. Shorna) – Boro (cv. Heera) - fallow were assessed to identify the most suitable and profitable pattern as well as to enhance the cropping intensity by adding a pulse or oil seed crop between two rice crops. The investigation was conducted at farmer’s field of Magura during 2018-19. Block farming method was followed for experiment set up. Result: It was revealed that, maximum rice equivalent yield (REY) was obtained from CP1 (14.46 t/ha) followed by CP4 (13.52 t/ha), CP3 (13.35 t/ha), CP2 (13.09 t/ha) and CP5 (11.33 t/ha) during one year crop cycle. Highest gross margin (Tk. 1,90,189) and MBCR (1.83) was obtained from the cropping pattern CP4 and the lowest gross margin (Tk. 69,271) and MBCR (1.24) was found with the pattern CP5. Based on the above results it can be suggested that, Aman rice-Lentil-Sesame pattern i.e. CP4 may be a best choice for the farmers of Magura region for the maximum utilization of their land and gaining more profit compared to the other studied cropping patterns.
Smartphone-Based Automated Non-Destructive Testing Devices
Authors: Petryk V. F. , Protasov A. G. , Galagan R. M. , Muraviov A. V. , Lysenko I. I. 
Published: December 2020

Currently, non-destructive testing is an interdisciplinary field of science and technology that serves to ensure the safe functioning of complex technical systems in the face of multifactorial risks. In this regard, there is a need to consider new information technologies based on intellectual perception, recognition technology, and general network integration. The purpose of this work was to develop an ultrasonic flaw detector, which uses a smartphone to process the test results, as well as transfer them directly to an powerful information processing center, or to a cloud storage to share operational information with specialists from anywhere in the world.The proposed flaw detector consists of a sensor unit and a smartphone. The exchange of information between the sensor and the smartphone takes place using wireless networks that use "bluetooth" technology. To ensure the operation of the smartphone in the ultrasonic flaw detector mode, the smartphone has software installed that runs in the Android operating system and implements the proposed algorithm of the device, and can serve as a repeater for processing data over a considerable distance (up to hundreds and thousands of kilometers) if it necessary.The experimental data comparative analysis of the developed device with the Einstein-II flaw detector from Modsonic (India) and the TS-2028H+ flaw detector from Tru-Test (New Zealand) showed that the proposed device is not inferior to them in terms of such characteristics as the range of measured thicknesses, the relative error in determining the depth defect and the object thickness. When measuring small thicknesses from 5 to 10 mm, the proposed device even surpasses them, providing a relative measurement error of the order of 1 %, while analogues give this error within 2–3 %.
Gut-brain axis neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Fedele Giorgio , Loh Samantha , Celardo Ivana , Lehmann Susann , Costa Ana , Martins L. Miguel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The innate immune response mounts a defence against foreign invaders, but the inappropriate induction of an innate immune response can cause diseases. Previous studies have provided ample evidence showing that mitochondria can be repurposed to promote inflammatory signalling. Damaged mitochondria can also trigger inflammation and promote diseases. Mutations in pink1 cause early-onset Parkinson’s disease (PD), and studies using Drosophila melanogaster have shown that pink1 mutants accumulate damaged mitochondria. Here, we showed that defective mitochondria in pink1 mutants activate Relish targets and demonstrated that inflammatory signalling causes intestinal dysfunction in pink1-mutant flies. These effects result in the death of intestinal cells and metabolic reprogramming, which leads to neurotoxicity. We found that Relish signalling is activated downstream of a pathway stimulated by cytosolic DNA. The suppression of Relish in the intestinal midgut of pink1-mutant flies restores mitochondrial function and protects neurons in the brain. We thus conclude that the gut-brain axis causes neurotoxicity in a fly model of PD through a mechanism involving mitochondrial dysfunction.
Laser spectroscopy of the 2S1/2 - 2P1/2, 2P3/2 transitions in stored and cooled relativistic C3+ ions
Authors: Winzen Daniel , Hannen Volker , Bussmann Michael , Buß Axel , Egelkamp Christian , Eidam Lewin , Huang Zhongkui , Kiefer Daniel , Klammes Sebastian , Kühl Thomas , Loeser Markus , Ma Xinwen , Nörtershäuser Wilfried , Ortjohann Hans-Werner , Sánchez Rodolfo , Siebold Mathias , Stöhlker Thomas , Ullmann Johannes , Vollbrecht Jonas , Walther Thomas , Wang Hanbing , Weinheimer Christian , Winters Danyal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The and 2S1/2 - 2P1/2 and 2S1/2 - 2P3/2 transitions in Li-like carbon ions stored and cooled at a velocity of β ≈ 0.47 in the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at the GSI Helmholtz Centre in Darmstadt have been investigated in a laser spectroscopy experiment. Resonance wavelengths have been obtained using a new continuous-wave UV laser system and a novel extreme UV (XUV) detection system used to detect forward emitted fluorescence photons. The results obtained for the two transitions are compared to existing experimental and theoretical data. A discrepancy found in an earlier laser spectroscopy measurement at the ESR with results from plasma spectroscopy and interferometry could be resolved and agreement between experiment and theory is confirmed. Nonetheless, the experimental uncertainty is still smaller than that of state-of-the art theory.
Starvation causes changes in the intestinal transcriptome and microbiome that are reversed upon refeeding
Authors: Jawahar Jayanth , McCumber Alexander , Lickwar Colin , Amoroso Caroline , Canny Sol Gomez de la Torre , Wong Sandi , Bohannan Brendan , Guillemin Karen , Rawls John 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The ability of animals and their microbiomes to adapt to starvation and then restore homeostasis after refeeding is fundamental to their continued survival and symbiosis. The intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption and microbiome interaction, however our understanding of intestinal adaptations in host transcriptional programs and microbiome composition remains limited. Additionally, few studies on starvation have investigated intestinal responses to refeeding. The zebrafish presents unique opportunities to study the effects of long-term starvation and refeeding. We used RNA sequencing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to uncover changes in the intestinal transcriptome and microbiome of zebrafish subjected to long-term starvation and refeeding compared to continuously fed controls. Results: Starvation over 21 days led to increased diversity and altered composition in the intestinal microbiome compared to fed controls, including relative increases in Vibrio and reductions in Plesiomonas bacteria. Starvation also led to significant alterations in host gene expression in the intestine, with distinct pathways affected at early and late stages of starvation. This included increases in the expression of ribosome biogenesis genes early in starvation, followed by decreased expression of genes involved in antiviral immunity and at later stages. These effects of starvation on the host transcriptome and microbiome were within 3 days after refeeding. Comparison with published datasets identified host genes responsive to starvation as well as high-fat feeding or microbiome colonization, and predicted host transcription factors that may be involved in starvation response. Conclusions: Long-term starvation induces progressive changes in microbiome composition and host gene expression in the zebrafish intestine, and these changes are rapidly reversed after refeeding. Our identification of bacterial taxa, host genes and host pathways involved in this response provides a framework for future investigation of the physiological and ecological mechanisms underlying intestinal adaptations to food restriction.
Probabilities of ICU Admission and Hospital Discharge According to Patient Characteristics in the Designated COVID-19 Hospital of Kuwait
Authors: Kipourou Dimitra-Kleio , Leyrat Clemence , Alsheridah Nourah , Almazeedi Sulaiman , Al-Youha Sarah , Jamal Mohammad H. , Al-Haddad Mohannad , Al-Sabah Salman , Rachet Bernard , Belot Aurelien 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Subsequent epidemic waves have already emerged in some countries and in the absence of highly effective preventive and curative options, there is a need for detailed epidemiological examination of the role of patient characteristics on the development of outcomes. The objective of this study is to describe the probabilities of admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and the probabilities of hospital discharge among positive COVID-19 patients according to demographics and comorbidities recorded at hospital admission. Methods A prospective cohort study of all patients with COVID-19 found in the Electronic Medical Records of Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital in Kuwait was conducted. The study included 3995 individuals (symptomatic and asymptomatic) of all ages who tested positive from February 24th to May 27th, 2020, out of which 315 were treated in the ICU and 3619 were discharged including those who were transferred to a different healthcare unit without previously entering the ICU. A competing risk analysis considering two events, namely, ICU admission and hospital discharge using flexible hazard models was performed to describe the association between event-specific probabilities and patient characteristics.Results Results showed that being male, increasing age and comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and weakened immune system increased the risk of ICU admission within 10 days of entering the hospital. CKD and weakened immune system decreased the probabilities of discharge in both females and males however, the age-related pattern differed by gender. Diabetes, which was the most prevalent comorbid condition, had only a moderate impact on both probabilities whilst CKD which had the largest effect, was only present in 2% of the study cohort.Conclusion This study provides useful insight in describing the probability of ICU admission and hospital discharge according to age, gender, and comorbidities among confirmed COVID-19 cases in Kuwait. A web-tool is also provided for free to allow the user to estimate these probabilities for any combination of these covariates. These probabilities enable the deeper understanding of the hospital demand according to patient characteristics which is essential to hospital management and useful for developing a vaccination strategy.
Highly efficient generation of bacteria leaf blight resistance and transgene-free rice using genome editing and multiplexed selection system
Authors: Yu Kun , Liu Zhiqiang , Gui Huaping , Geng Lizhao , Wei Juan , Liang Dawei , Lv Jian , Xu Jianping , Chen Xi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Rice leaf blight is a worldwide devastating disease caused by bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo). The UPT (up-regulated by transcription activator-like 1 effector) box in promoter region of the rice Xa13 gene played a key role in Xoo pathogenicity. Mutation of key bacterial protein binding site in UPT box of Xa13 to abolish PXO99-induced Xa13 expression is a way to improve rice resistant to bacterial.Highly efficient generation and selection transgene-free, edited plants helpful to shorten and simple the gene editing breeding process. Selective elimination of transgenic pollen of E0 plants can enrich proportion of E1 transgene-free offspring and expression of the color mark gene in seeds makes the selection of E2 plants is very convenient and efficient. In this study, a genome editing and multiplexed selection system was used to generate bacteria leaf blight resistance and transgene-free rice plants.Results We introduced site specific mutations into the UPT box using CRISPR/Cas12a technology to hamper TAL (Transcription-Activator Like effectors) protein binding and gene activation, and generated genome edited rice with improved bacteria blight resistance. Transgenic pollens of E0 plants were eliminated by pollen specific expression of α-amylase gene Zmaa1, the proportion of transgene-free plants were enriched from 25% to 50% in single T-DNA insertion events in E1 generation. Transgenic seeds were visually identified and discarded by specific aleuronic expression of DsRed, which reduced 50% cost and achieved up to 98.64% of accuracy for selection of transgene-free edited plants. Conclusion We demonstrated core nucleotide deletion in the UPT box of Xa13 promoter conferred resistance to rice blight and selection of transgene-free plants were boosted by introducing multiplexed selection. The combination of genome editing and transgene-free selection is an efficient strategy to accelerate functional genomic research and plant breeding.
Dentate gyrus single cell neuronal activity in rats during fixed interval task and subsequent sleep
Authors: Lipponen Arto , Sahramäki Joonas , Penttonen Markku , Nokia Miriam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The hippocampal dentate gyrus is known to be crucial for cognitive tasks involving so-called pattern separation and completion. The exact neuronal mechanisms behind these phenomena are still unclear, but it is hypothesized that sparse firing of dentate gyrus principal cells during exploration corresponds to separate patterns of contextual stimuli. Less is known of the activity of dentate principal cells when the cognitive task does not require the active involvement of external stimuli such as during immobility. Therefore, we recorded the activity of dentate gyrus principal cells, granule and mossy cells, and interneurons while the animal was immobile during a fixed interval task and a subsequent rest period. While interneurons were constantly active, both mossy and granule cells preferentially fired during the immobility period. However, all cell types fired during NREM sleep, especially during dentate spikes. Therefore, we were able to show that both principal cells and interneurons are active during the fixed interval tasks and subsequent sleep in distinct phases. This will allow future studies focusing on the role of different single cell activity of dentate gyrus during immobility.
Pathways Into and Out of Homelessness Among People with Severe Mental Illness in Rural Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Smartt Caroline , Ketema Kaleab , Frissa Souci , Tekola Bethlehem , Birhane Rahel , Eshetu Tigist , Selamu Medhin , Prince Martin , Fekadu Abebaw , Hanlon Charlotte 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Little is known about the pathways followed into and out of homelessness among people with severe mental illness (SMI) living in rural, low-income country settings. Understanding these pathways is essential for the development of effective interventions to address homelessness and promote recovery. The aim of this study was to explore pathways into and out of homelessness in people with SMI in rural Ethiopia.Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 people with SMI who had experienced homelessness and 11 caregivers. Study participants were identified through a larger project implementing a multi-component district level plan to improve access to mental health care in primary care (PRIME). Thematic analysis was conducted using an inductive approach.Results: Study participants reported different patterns of homelessness, with some having experienced chronic and others an intermittent course. Periods of homelessness occurred when family resources were overwhelmed or not meeting the needs of the person with SMI. The most important pathways into homelessness were reported to result from family conflict and the worsening of mental ill health, interplaying with substance use in many cases. Participants also mentioned escape and/or wanting a change in environment, financial problems, and discrimination from the community as contributing to them leaving the home. Pathways out of homelessness included contact with (mental and physical) health care as a catalyst to the mobilization of other supports, family and community intervention, and self-initiated return.Conclusions: Homelessness in people with SMI in this rural setting reflected complex health and social needs that were not matched by adequate care and support. Interventions to prevent and tackle homelessness need to focus on increasing family support, and ensuring access to housing, mental health care and social support.
Radiological Features of the Intracranial Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma: A Report of Two Cases Insight Into the Literature Review
Authors: Abdallah Anas , Çınar İrfan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are the most malignant form of chondrosarcomas. They have mostly affected bones. Rarely, these tumors can be intracranial extraskeletal (IEMC) that originates from the meninges or parenchyma. Methods and Materials: We presented two IEMC patients who were treated at our institutions and followed up for the long-term. To understand the radiological features of IEMC, we conducted a systematic literature review for previously reported series and cases of IEMCs. Results: We surgically treated two young males with IEMC initially diagnosed at their age of 18 and 20 years. The patients initially treated with gross total resection (GTR) and GTR followed by radiotherapy, and followed-up for 218 and 73 months, respectively. With both patients, we obtained 83 reported IEMC patients from the literature. Among them, only 30 cases were reported with their radiological MRI details. The mean age of the reported cases was 24.5±16.0 years (2 months–71 years). Female predominance was 54.2%. The mean progression-free and overall survivals were 27.9 and 39.0 months, respectively. Most IEMCs showed a partially calcified mass on roentgenography and a highly vascular mass on angiography. On T1WIs, IEMCs almost show hypo- to isointensity and intense heterogeneous enhancement after administering a contrast substance. On T2WIs, IEMCs show iso- to hyperintensity.Conclusions: IEMCs usually show dural attachment without a net dural tail sign and a well-identified brimmed vascular nodule on TOF-MRA. This nodule appears as a prominent blooming on SWI. TOF-MRA and SWI images can help in the radiological diagnosis of IEMCs.
Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Versus Radiation Monotherapy for Patients with Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Era of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy: A Propensity Score-matched Analysis
Authors: Li Chen , Tan Lijun , Liu Xiao , Wang Xin , Zhou Zongmei , Chen Dongfu , Feng Qinfu , Liang Jun , Lv Jima , Wang Xiaozhen , Bi Nan , Deng Lei , Wang Wenqing , Zhang Tao , Ni Wenjie , Chang Xiao , Han Weiming , Gao Linrui , Wang Shijia , Xiao Zefen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the survival benefit of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma during the years of intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Methods: Medical records of 1273 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received intensity-modulated radiotherapy from January 2005 to December 2017 in the CAMS were retrospectively reviewed. 683 patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy, 590 patients received radiotherapy alone. Propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to eliminate baseline differences between the two groups. Survival and toxicity profile were evaluated afterwards. Results: After a median follow-up time of 50.4 months (3.2-157.4 months), both overall survival and progression-free survival of the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group were better than those of the radiotherapy group, either before or after PSM. After PSM, the 1-, 3-, 5-year OS of radiotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy groups were 63.3% vs 72.2%, 31.6% vs 42.2% and 28.5% vs 38.1%, respectively (p=0.003). The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year PFS rates of radiotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy group were 44.3% vs 48.6%, 23.4% vs 31.2% and 15.8% vs 25.2%, respectively (p=0.002). The rates of ≥ grade 3 leukopenia and radiation esophagitis in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy were higher than those in the radiotherapy alone group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the probability of radiation pneumonia between the two groups (p=0.359). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed ≥ 70 years old, female, KPS ≤ 70, stage I-II, and patients diagnosed at earlier years (2005-2010) had lower probability of receiving concurrent chemoradiation (p<0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that female, stage I-II, EQD2≥60Gy and concurrent chemotherapy were favorable prognostic factors for both OS and PFS. Conclusions: Concurrent chemotherapy can bring survival benefits to patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving intensity-modulated radiotherapy. For patients who cannot tolerate concurrent chemotherapy, radiation monotherapy is an effective alternative with promising results.