bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol‐related harm in emergency departments: linking to subsequent hospitalizations to quantify under‐reporting of presentations
Authors: Sims Scott , Preen David , Pereira Gavin , Fatovich Daniel , Livingston Michael , O'Donnell Melissa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTitleAlcohol‐related harm in emergency departments: linking to subsequent hospitalizations to quantify under‐reporting of presentations.AimsTo quantify the proportion of emergency department (ED) presentations that could be identified as alcohol‐related when linking to a patient's subsequent hospitalization, compared with using ED data alone, and to assess that comparison according to the change in alcohol harm rates over time and potential variations within subpopulations.DesignA retrospective study using linked hospital administrative data to identify ED patients who had subsequent alcohol‐related hospitalizations.SettingWestern Australia.ParticipantsA total of 533 816 Western Australian young people (246 866 females and 286 950 males), aged 12–24 years.MeasurementsWhether or not presentations of young people to ED could be identified as alcohol‐related, and for those that were not, how many had a subsequent alcohol‐related hospitalization. Rates and proportions of alcohol‐related harm for both methods of ascertainment were estimated by sex and Aboriginality across different age groups.FindingsAlcohol‐related hospitalizations that followed an initial presentation at ED allowed the identification of an additional 19 994 alcohol‐related presentations (95% increase). Linking to additional hospitalization information also resulted in significant variation in alcohol‐related harm trends. In particular, trends in alcohol‐related ED presentations for 21–24‐year‐old males were stable to slightly increasing using only ED data, but decreased after linking with hospitalization data (P < 0.05). Similarly, trends among Aboriginal persons aged 21–24 shifted from increasing using only ED data to being stable in comparison to presentations using subsequent hospitalizations (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAmong young people in Western Australia, twice as many emergency department presentations could be identified as being alcohol‐related using diagnosis information from subsequent hospitalizations compared with emergency department data alone. When supplemented with hospitalization data, trends in alcohol‐related harm presentations become significantly different within some subpopulations compared with using emergency department presentation data alone.
Prenatal diagnosis of Miller–Dieker syndrome by chromosomal microarray
Authors: Shi Xiaomei , Huang Weiwei , Lu Jian , He Wei , Liu Qian , Wu Jing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the experience on prenatal diagnosis of Miller–Dieker syndrome (MDS) to further delineate the fetal presentation of this syndrome.MethodsThis was a retrospective study. Fetal MDS was diagnosed prenatally by chromosomal microarray (CMA). Clinical data were reviewed for these cases, including maternal characteristics, indications for prenatal diagnosis, sonographic findings, CMA results, and pregnancy outcomes.ResultsFour cases were diagnosis as MDS by CMA. The most common sonographic features were ventriculomegaly (3/4) and polyhydramnios (2/4). Deletion sizes ranged from 1.5 to 5.4 Mb. All microdeletions were located at the MDS critical region and showed haploinsufficiency of the YWHAE, CRK, and PAFAH1B1. All patients chose to terminate the pregnancy. Parental chromosome analysis were preformed in three cases and demonstrated that two cases were de novo and one case was caused by inherited derivative chromosomes from parental balanced translocations.ConclusionThe most common prenatal ultrasound findings of MDS were ventriculomegaly and polyhydramnios. CMA can improve diagnostic precision for detecting MDS.
A role for the MEGF6 gene in predisposition to osteoporosis
Authors: Teerlink Craig C. , Jurynec Michael J. , Hernandez Rolando , Stevens Jeff , Hughes Dana C. , Brunker Cherie P. , Rowe Kerry , Grunwald David J. , Facelli Julio C. , Cannon‐Albright Lisa A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOsteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder characterized by deterioration of bone tissue. The set of genetic factors contributing to osteoporosis is not completely specified. High‐risk osteoporosis pedigrees were analyzed to identify genes that may confer susceptibility to disease. Candidate predisposition variants were identified initially by whole exome sequencing of affected‐relative pairs, approximately cousins, from 10 pedigrees. Variants were filtered on the basis of population frequency, concordance between pairs of cousins, affecting a gene associated with osteoporosis, and likelihood to have functionally damaging, pathogenic consequences. Subsequently, variants were tested for segregation in 68 additional relatives of the index carriers. A rare variant in MEGF6 (rs755467862) showed strong evidence of segregation with the disease phenotype. Predicted protein folding indicated the variant (Cys200Tyr) may disrupt structure of an EGF‐like calcium‐binding domain of MEGF6. Functional analyses demonstrated that complete loss of the paralogous genes megf6a and megf6b in zebrafish resulted in significant delay of cartilage and bone formation. Segregation analyses, in silico protein structure modeling, and functional assays support a role for MEGF6 in predisposition to osteoporosis.
Long‐term safety of vedolizumab for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Loftus Edward V. , Feagan Brian G. , Panaccione Remo , Colombel Jean‐Frédéric , Sandborn William J. , Sands Bruce E. , Danese Silvio , D’Haens Geert , Rubin David T. , Shafran Ira , Parfionovas Andrejus , Rogers Raquel , Lirio Richard A. , Vermeire Séverine 
Published: October 2020

SummaryBackgroundVedolizumab, a gut‐selective α4β7 integrin antibody, is approved for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).AimTo report the final results from the vedolizumab GEMINI long‐term safety (LTS) study.MethodsThe phase 3, open‐label GEMINI LTS study (initiated May 2009) enrolled patients with UC or CD from four prior clinical trials and vedolizumab‐naïve patients. Vedolizumab LTS was evaluated; efficacy and patient‐reported outcomes were exploratory endpoints.ResultsEnrolled patients (UC, n = 894; CD, n = 1349) received vedolizumab 300 mg IV every 4 weeks; median cumulative exposure was 42.4 months (range: 0.03‐112.2) for UC and 31.5 months (range: 0.03‐100.3) for CD. Over 8 years, adverse events (AEs) occurred in 93% (UC) and 96% (CD) of patients, with UC (36%) and CD (35%) exacerbations most frequent. Serious AEs were reported for 31% (UC) and 41% (CD) of patients. Vedolizumab discontinuation due to AEs occurred in 15% (UC) and 17% (CD) of patients. There were no new trends for infections, malignancies, infusion‐related reactions, or hepatic events, and no cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Of the ten deaths (UC, n = 4; CD, n = 6), two were considered drug‐related by local investigators (West Nile virus infection‐related encephalitis and hepatocellular carcinoma). Continuous vedolizumab maintained clinical response long‐term, with 33% (UC) and 28% (CD) of patients in clinical remission at 400 treatment weeks.ConclusionsThe safety profile of vedolizumab remains favourable with no unexpected or new safety concerns. These results further establish the safety of vedolizumab and support its long‐term use (NCT00790933/EudraCT 2008‐002784‐14).
Deportation in the Trump Era: Americans Weigh In
Authors: Carlile Alexandra , Galbraith Quinn , Callister Adam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThroughout the 2016 presidential campaign and President Trump's subsequent presidency, deportation has become a major issue in the political and public spheres. Based on a survey conducted via Amazon Turk with 516 adult US residents, this study discusses some of the key issues related to deportation in the United States. Our study offers a simple exploration of the American population's current deportation opinions in the aftermath of the Trump election. Our survey results indicate that opinions regarding deportation are strongly tied to political party affiliation and race. As an interesting and unexpected trend, we also found that using story‐based questions to assess opinion on deportation did not have a large effect on the opinion of survey participants. Suggestions for further study are offered in view of the current timeliness of the deportation issue in the American political climate.
A randomized controlled trial with a delayed‐type hypersensitivity model using keyhole limpet haemocyanin to evaluate adaptive immune responses in man
Authors: Saghari Mahdi , Gal Pim , Ziagkos Dimitrios , Burggraaf Jacobus , Powell John F. , Brennan Nuala , Rissmann Robert , van Doorn Martijn B.A. , Moerland Matthijs 
Published: October 2020

AimsKeyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) immunization is a clinical model for the evaluation of human antibody responses. The current study evaluated the anti‐KLH antibody response after KLH immunization and the delayed‐type hypersensitivity response following intradermal KLH administration, using objective imaging techniques.MethodsHealthy male subjects aged 24.5 ± 5.4 years were randomized to intramuscular immunization with 100 μg KLH (n = 12) or placebo (n = 3). Anti‐KLH antibody (Ig) M and IgG titres were determined before and every 7 days after KLH immunization for a total of 28 days. Twenty‐one days after the immunization, all subjects received 1 μg KLH intradermally. Prior to and 2 days after intradermal KLH administration, skin blood perfusion, erythema and oedema were quantified using noninvasive imaging tools. Repeated measures ANCOVAs were used to analyse data.ResultsAnti‐KLH IgM and IgG titres increased after KLH immunization compared to placebo (estimated difference [ED]: 37%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 19–51% and ED: 68%, 95% CI: 56–76% respectively). Upon intradermal KLH administration an increase in skin blood perfusion (ED: 10.9 arbitrary units (AU), 95% CI: 1.4–20.4 AU) and erythema (ED: 0.3 AU, 95% CI: 0.1–0.5 AU) was observed in KLH‐immunized subjects compared to placebo.ConclusionKLH immunization followed by intradermal KLH administration resulted in increased anti‐KLH IgM and IgG titres and a delayed‐type hypersensitivity response quantified by an increase in skin blood perfusion and erythema. Using noninvasive imaging tools the KLH model has the potential to serve as an objective tool to study the pharmacodynamics of T‐cell‐directed immunomodulatory drugs.
Effects of habitat transitions on rainforest bird communities across an anthropogenic landscape mosaic
Authors: Huang Guohualing , Catterall Carla P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe compared bird community responses to the habitat transitions of rainforest‐to‐pasture conversion, consequent habitat fragmentation, and post‐agricultural regeneration, across a landscape mosaic of about 600 km2 in the eastern Australian subtropics. Birds were surveyed in seven habitats: continuous mature rainforest; two size classes of mature rainforest fragment (4–21 ha and 1–3 ha); regrowth forest patches dominated by a non‐native tree (2–20 ha, 30–50 years old); two types of isolated mature trees in pasture; and treeless pasture, with six sites per habitat. We compared the avifauna among habitats and among sites, at the levels of species, functional guilds, and community‐wide. Community‐wide species richness and abundance of birds in pasture sites were about one‐fifth and one‐third, respectively, of their values in mature rainforest (irrespective of patch size). Many measured attributes changed progressively across a gradient of increased habitat simplification. Rainforest specialists became less common and less diverse with decreased habitat patch size and vegetation maturity. However, even rainforest fragments of 1–3 ha supported about half of these species. Forest generalist species were largely insensitive to patch size and successional stage. Few species reached their greatest abundance in either small rainforest fragments or regrowth. All pastures were dominated by bird species whose typical native habitats were grassland, wetland, and open eucalypt forest, while pasture trees modestly enhanced local bird communities. Overall, even small scattered patches of mature and regrowth forest contributed substantial bird diversity to local landscapes. Therefore, maximizing the aggregate rainforest area is a useful regional conservation strategy.
The phosphatase PTPN1/PTP1B is a candidate marker of better chemotherapy response in metastatic high‐grade serous carcinoma
Authors: Davidson Ben , Bock Annika Jøntvedt , Holth Arild , Nymoen Dag Andre 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the expression and clinical role of the phosphatase PTPN1 (PTP1B) in serous effusions.MethodsPTPN1 mRNA expression by quantitative RT‐PCR was analysed in 83 high‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) and 15 malignant mesothelioma (MM) effusions. PTP1B and phospho‐PTP1B (pPTP1B) protein expression by immunohistochemistry was analysed in 62 HGSC and 44 MM effusions.ResultsPTPN1 mRNA (P = .048), PTP1B protein (P = .047) and pPTP1B protein (P < .001) were overexpressed in HGSC compared to MM effusions. PTPN1 mRNA was additionally overexpressed in post‐chemotherapy HGSC effusions compared to chemo‐naïve effusions (P = .005). However, pPTP1B protein expression was higher in effusions from patients with FIGO stage III compared to stage IV (P = .006), and higher expressions of both PTPN1 mRNA (P = .041) and PTP1B protein (P = .035) in HGSC effusions were associated with better (complete) chemotherapy response at diagnosis. PTPN1 RNA and protein expression was unrelated to survival in HGSC, whereas a trend for shorter overall survival (P = .06) was found for MM patients whose tumours expressed pPTP1B protein.ConclusionPTPN1 is overexpressed in HGSC compared to MM effusions, and may be a marker of better chemotherapy response in the former. Whether PTPN1 activation is informative of adverse outcome in MM merits further investigation.
Metrics for conservation success: Using the “Bird‐Friendliness Index” to evaluate grassland and aridland bird community resilience across the Northern Great Plains ecosystem
Authors: Michel Nicole L. , Burkhalter Curtis , Wilsey Chad B. , Holloran Matt , Holloran Alison , Langham Gary M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimEvaluating conservation effectiveness is essential to protect at‐risk species and to maximize the limited resources available to land managers. Over 60% of North American grassland and aridlands have been lost since the 1800s. Birds in these habitats are among the most imperilled in North America, yet most remaining habitats are unprotected. Despite the need to measure impact, conservation efforts on private and working lands are rarely evaluated, due in part to limited availability of suitable methods.LocationNorthern Great Plains of North America.MethodsWe developed a novel metric to evaluate grassland and aridland bird community response to habitat management, the Bird‐Friendliness Index (BFI), consisting of density estimates of grassland and aridland birds weighted by conservation need and a functional diversity metric to incorporate resiliency. We used the BFI to identify ecologically significant areas for grassland and aridland birds and compared them with other prioritizations. Then, we used the BFI to evaluate the effects of simulated habitat management on grassland and aridland bird communities.ResultsThe most resilient bird communities were found in the Prairie Potholes region of Alberta, Saskatchewan and North Dakota and the lowest BFI values in the southern and western regions of the Northern Great Plains. BFI values were significantly greater in areas included in one or more prioritization, and increased with the number of prioritizations an area was included within. BFI values increased in response to simulated bird‐friendly habitat management.Main conclusionsOur findings suggest that practices recommended for use in bird‐friendly grassland habitat management plans will increase the abundance and resilience of the grassland and aridland bird community and that bird community responses to management will be detected using the BFI. The BFI is a tool by which conservationists and managers can carry out adaptive management and accountable conservation now and into the future.
The PREVIEW intervention study: Results from a 3‐year randomized 2 x 2 factorial multinational trial investigating the role of protein, glycaemic index and physical activity for prevention of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Raben Anne , Vestentoft Pia Siig , Brand‐Miller Jennie , Jalo Elli , Drummen Mathjis , Simpson Liz , Martinez J. Alfredo , Handjieva‐Darlenska Teodora , Stratton Gareth , Huttunen‐Lenz Maija , Lam Tony , Sundvall Jouko , Muirhead Roslyn , Poppitt Sally , Ritz Christian , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Westerterp‐Plantenga Margriet , Taylor Moira A. , Navas‐Carretero Santiago , Handjiev Svetoslav , McNarry Melitta A. , Hansen Sylvia , Råman Laura , Brodie Shannon , Silvestre Marta P. , Adam Tanja C. , Macdonald Ian A. , San‐Cristobal Rodrigo , Boyadjieva Nadka , Mackintosh Kelly A. , Schlicht Wolfgang , Liu Amy , Larsen Thomas M. , Fogelholm Mikael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the impact of two long‐term weight‐maintenance diets, a high protein (HP) and low glycaemic index (GI) diet versus a moderate protein (MP) and moderate GI diet, combined with either high intensity (HI) or moderate intensity physical activity (PA), on the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) after rapid weight loss.Materials and MethodsA 3‐year multicentre randomized trial in eight countries using a 2 x 2 diet‐by‐PA factorial design was conducted. Eight‐week weight reduction was followed by a 3‐year randomized weight‐maintenance phase. In total, 2326 adults (age 25‐70 years, body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) with prediabetes were enrolled. The primary endpoint was 3‐year incidence of T2D analysed by diet treatment. Secondary outcomes included glucose, insulin, HbA1c and body weight.ResultsThe total number of T2D cases was 62 and the cumulative incidence rate was 3.1%, with no significant differences between the two diets, PA or their combination. T2D incidence was similar across intervention centres, irrespective of attrition. Significantly fewer participants achieved normoglycaemia in the HP compared with the MP group (P < .0001). At 3 years, normoglycaemia was lowest in HP‐HI (11.9%) compared with the other three groups (20.0%‐21.0%, P < .05). There were no group differences in body weight change (−11% after 8‐week weight reduction; −5% after 3‐year weight maintenance) or in other secondary outcomes.ConclusionsThree‐year incidence of T2D was much lower than predicted and did not differ between diets, PA or their combination. Maintaining the target intakes of protein and GI over 3 years was difficult, but the overall protocol combining weight loss, healthy eating and PA was successful in markedly reducing the risk of T2D. This is an important clinically relevant outcome.
Doctor shopping for methylphenidate as a proxy for misuse and potential abuse in the 67 million inhabitants in France
Authors: Soeiro Thomas , Frauger Élisabeth , Pradel Vincent , Micallef Joëlle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDoctor shopping enables subjects to receive more than the prescribed dose out of any medical management, which suggests a search for high doses and makes doctor shopping a relevant proxy for misuse and potential abuse. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and characterize profiles of subjects with doctor‐shopping behavior for methylphenidate in the entire French population. This study is a cross‐sectional study of doctor‐shopping behavior for methylphenidate in France, in 2016, using the Système national des données de santé, and accounting for overlapping prescriptions. Subjects who obtained >840 mg by doctor shopping were defined as subjects with heavy doctor‐shopping behavior, and subjects who obtained >0 mg and ≤840 mg by doctor shopping were defined as subjects with light doctor‐shopping behavior. A total of 63 739 subjects were included, and received 339.6 kg of methylphenidate. Among them, 216 (0.3%) subjects had heavy doctor‐shopping behavior, and 313 (0.5%) subjects had light doctor‐shopping behavior. Compared with subjects with light doctor‐shopping behavior, subjects with heavy doctor‐shopping behavior were older (64% of 30‐ to 49‐year‐old subjects vs. 77% of ≤17‐year‐old subjects; P < 0.001), received more concomitant dispensings of antipsychotics (37% vs. 26%; P = 0.008) and opioid maintenance treatments (50% vs. 6%; P < 0.001), and had more prescribers (4 [IQR = 2‐5] vs. 2 [IQR = 2–3]; P < 0.001). In the French context where prescription and dispensing of methylphenidate are highly regulated and methylphenidate is much less used than in other countries, these results are a warning signal to avoid trivializing methylphenidate in adults.
Challenges in Ki‐67 assessments in pulmonary large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinomas*
Authors: Walts Ann E , Mirocha James M , Marchevsky Alberto M 
Published: October 2020

AimsTo gather the best available evidence regarding Ki‐67% values in large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and determine whether certain cut‐off values could serve as a prognostic feature in LCNEC.Methods and resultsAperio ScanScope AT Turbo, eSlide Manager and ImageScope software (Leica Biosystems) were used to measure Ki‐67% in 77 resected LCNEC diagnosed by World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria. Cases were stratified into six classes by 10% Ki‐67 increments. Using the Kaplan–Meier method, overall (OS) and disease‐free survivals (DFS) were compared by AJCC stage, by six Ki‐67% classes and with Ki‐67% cut‐points ≥20% and ≥40%. Tumours were from 0.9 to 11.5 cm and pathological stages 1–3. The system measured Ki‐67% positivity using 4072–44 533 tumour nuclei per case (mean 16610 ± 8039). Ki‐67% ranged from 1 to 64% (mean = 26%; median = 26%). Only 16 (21%) tumours had Ki‐67% ≥40%. OS ranged from 1 to 298 months (median follow‐up = 25 months). DFS ranged from 1 to 276 months (median follow‐up = 9 months). OS and DFS differed across AJCC stage (overall log‐rank P = 0.038 and P = 0.037). However, neither OS nor DFS significantly correlated with Ki‐67% when six or two classes were used with either ≥20% Ki‐67 or ≥40% Ki‐67 as cut‐point. A literature review identified 14 reports meeting our inclusion criteria with ≥10 LCNEC. Reported Ki‐67% ranged from 2% to 100%. Problems contributing to variability in Ki‐67% measurements are discussed.ConclusionOur findings caution against a blanket use of 20%, 40% or other Ki‐67% cut‐points for LCNEC diagnosis or prognostication.
Exploring tasks‐as‐process in Spanish L2 classrooms: Can corpus‐based tasks facilitate language exploration, language use, and engagement?
Authors: Marcos Miguel Nausica 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study contributes to the field of corpus‐based language teaching and learning by analyzing interactions observed while learners engaged with tasks requiring the use of corpus tools in two sections of a university level Spanish L2 content course. Tasks‐as‐process (i.e., real‐time interactions between learners and materials) were analyzed for (1) divergence from teacher's intent (the task‐as‐workplan), (2) completion, (3) off‐task behavior, and (4) L1 use. Learners showed a relative fidelity to the task‐as‐workplan. Difficulties completing tasks were due to difficulties hypothesizing about language use. Off‐task behavior was motivated by learners’ social relationships. The L1 was used to explore language and to socialize. In general, this data illustrates that corpus‐based tasks do generate communication, exploration, and engagement in the L2 classroom.