bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy outcomes in women with preexisting thyroid diseases: a French cohort study
Authors: Lecorguillé Marion , Léger Juliane , Forhan Anne , Cheminat Marie , Dufourg Marie-Noëlle , Heude Barbara , Charles Marie-Aline 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWomen with thyroid diseases at the beginning of pregnancy may have suboptimal thyroid hormone levels because of potential difficulties in compensating for the physiological thyroid hormone changes occurring in pregnancy. Our objective was to study the association between preexisting thyroid diseases, pregnancy complications, and neonatal anthropometry. In total, 16,395 women from the ELFE French longitudinal birth cohort were included, and 273 declared pre-pregnancy thyroid diseases. Associations were investigated with multivariable regression models, with adjustment for relevant potential confounders. Body mass index (BMI) was additionally adjusted for in a second stage. As compared with other women, women with pre-pregnancy thyroid diseases were more frequently obese (19.6% vs. 9.8%) and had greater odds of gestational diabetes development (odds ratio [OR] = 1.58 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08, 2.30]) or had undergone treatment for infertility (OR = 1.57 [95% CI 1.07, 2.31]). After adjustment for BMI, the association with gestational diabetes was no longer significant (OR = 1.27 [95% CI 0.86, 1.88]). After excluding women with another medical history, those with pre-pregnancy thyroid diseases had increased odds of premature rupture of membranes (OR = 1.51 [95% CI 1.01, 2.25]). Children born from mothers with hypothyroidism before conception due to a disease or as a potential side effect of treatment had a smaller head circumference at birth than other children (β = −0.23 [95% CI −0.44, −0.01] cm). In conclusion, pre-pregnancy thyroid diseases were associated with risk of infertility treatment, gestational diabetes, and premature rupture of membranes. The association between history of hypothyroidism and moderate adverse effects on fetal head circumference growth needs replication.
Effective Hydrological Events in an Evolving Mid‐latitude Mountain River System Following Cataclysmic Disturbance—A Saga of Multiple Influences
Authors: Major J. J. , Spicer K. R. , Mosbrucker A. R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCataclysmic eruption of Mount St. Helens (USA) in 1980 reset 30 km of upper North Fork Toutle River (NFTR) valley to a zero‐state fluvial condition. Consequently, a new channel system evolved. Initially, a range of streamflows eroded channels (tens of meters incision, hundreds of meters widening) and transported immense sediment loads. Now, single, large‐magnitude, or multiple moderate‐magnitude events are needed to accomplish substantial channel modification. Three large floods (two ≥100‐year events; one ∼10–25‐year event along lower Toutle River) from 1996 to 2015 indicate flood effectiveness in this environment is affected by both geomorphic and environmental factors. The largest and smallest of these floods (February 1996, November 2006) transported the most sediment by single floods since 1982; erosion and sediment transport by an ∼100‐year flood in December 2015 was not exceptional. Strong coupling between NFTR and its tall corridor banks, local geologic and hydraulic conditions promoting threshold erosion, event sequencing, and possibly a longitudinal gradient in stream power are important factors affecting event effectiveness on channel modification. In addition, environmental factors have also been influential, as variations in snowpack, storm trajectories and rainfall distributions, and episodic mobilization of debris flows have also influenced geomorphic response. Other factors such as vegetation anchoring, strong channel–hillside coupling, disparities between flood frequencies and perturbation relaxation times, and large variations in flood duration do not appear to be critical influences. Climate forecasts for warmer temperatures and a shift from snowfall to rainfall at high elevations may promote further acute geomorphic responses.
A Multiscale Approach to Shoreline Prediction
Authors: Montaño Jennifer , Coco Giovanni , Cagigal Laura , Mendez Fernando , Rueda Ana , Bryan Karin R. , Harley Mitchell D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractShorelines respond to a number of “drivers” operating on a variety of time‐scales. For some time‐scales (e.g., seasonal), the driver‐shoreline relationship is often evident; however, at longer time‐scales (e.g., multiannual), the shoreline changes may be superimposed on changes at shorter time‐scales and thus are diﬃcult to identify. Here, we predict shoreline evolution from storm events to decadal time‐scales, using a novel approach based on the Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition. This approach identifies and links the primary time‐scales in the model drivers (large‐scale sea level pressure [SLP] and/or waves) with the same time‐scales in the shoreline position. The multiscale approach reproduced shoreline changes at two beaches more skillfully than a common shoreline model when SLP and wave information were used in combination. In addition, the analysis can be applied to climate indices, providing the opportunity to link longer time‐scales with climate patterns (e.g., El Niño Southern Oscillation).
Horizontal Internal Gravity Waves in the Mars Upper Atmosphere From MAVEN ACC and NGIMS Measurements
Authors: Li Yawen , Liu Jiandong , Jin Shuanggen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInternal gravity waves (IGWs) play an important role in the planetary atmospheres, which transfer energy and momentum from the lower layers to the upper atmosphere. However, the IGW perturbations and behaviors are not clear in the Mars upper atmosphere, particularly for the horizontal internal gravity waves (hIGWs). In this study, the hIGWs in the upper atmosphere of Mars are estimated and investigated for the first time using both accelerometer (ACC)‐derived mass density and Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer‐measured neutral density from Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. The results show that the amplitudes of hIGWs variations are significantly affected by the dust storms and increase with the altitudes. The larger amplitudes are triggered in Martian Year (MY) 34 during a global dust event. The characteristics of Ar and CO2 hIGWs variations are similar. Furthermore, the trend of the CO perturbations seems to follow the CO2. However, the dust storms play little role in shaping hIGWs of atomic O. The hIGWs show the stable waveform with the increasing altitudes.
Interdecadal Variation of Early Spring Rainfall Over the Southeastern Edge of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wen Dayong , Yang Yali , Cao Jie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the interdecadal variation in early spring rainfall over the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau (SEETP) during 1979–2015 and its possible causes using mainly Asian Precipitation–Highly‐Resolved Observational Data Integration Toward Evaluation daily precipitation data set, ERA5 reanalysis data and the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM6. A significant interdecadal change in early spring rainfall over the SEETP occurred with its node around 1998/1999. The early spring rainfall over the SEETP was heavier in 1979–1998 than in 1999–2015, reflecting a reduction in moderate and heavy rain during the early spring. The covariability of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and Indian Ocean Basin Mode (IOBM) is an important driver of the interdecadal decrease in early spring rainfall over the SEETP. When the PDO is in a cold phase, and the AMO and IOBM are in positive phases, an anomalous cyclone is excited over the Bay of Bengal‐western Pacific in the lower to middle troposphere. Anomalous easterly winds on the north flank of the anomalous cyclone lead to the interdecadal decrease in early spring rainfall over the SEETP by reducing water vapor transport from the Indian Ocean and producing divergence over the SEETP. This diagnosis of the key physical process linking the associated sea surface temperature anomalies with the interdecadal variation in early spring rainfall over the SEETP is supported by numerical experiments.
How Should Snowball Earth Deglaciation Start
Authors: Wu Jiacheng , Liu Yonggang , Zhao Zhouqiao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe formation of melt ponds is pervasive on sea ice and ice shelves prior to their disintegration. Such process should be critical for the deglaciation of a snowball Earth but has never been considered in previous studies. Here we develop a module to explicitly track the initiation, growth and refreezing of melt ponds on ice. Incorporation of the module into a climate model indicates that it provides a strong positive feedback to the climate. Deglaciation of a snowball Earth will start when the annual mean equatorial surface temperature is only −7.7°C rather than 0°C. At this point, seasonal melt ponds start to appear in the mid‐latitude region. Its positive feedback induces the appearance of perennial melt ponds within the equatorial region and can increase the annual mean temperature there to 6.1°C in less than 10 years. Thus, our results indicate that the threshold CO2 required to deglaciate a snowball Earth will be greatly overestimated (by a factor of ∼4 for the model we use) if the annual mean surface temperature reaching 0°C is used as the criteria. The results also demonstrate unambiguously that the deglaciation of snowball Earth should start from the equator. We then speculate on what will happen to the tropical sea glacier after the surface melting starts.
Landscape‐Scale Plant Water Content and Carbon Flux Behavior Following Moisture Pulses: From Dryland to Mesic Environments
Authors: Feldman Andrew F. , Chulakadabba Apisada , Short Gianotti Daniel J. , Entekhabi Dara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRain pulses followed by interstorm drying periods are the fundamental units of water input into ecosystems on subweekly time scales. It is essential to understand landscape‐scale vegetation responses on these unit time scales as they may describe sensitivity of landscape water, carbon, and energy cycles to shifts in rainfall intensity and frequency, even if the average seasonal precipitation remains unchanged. Because pulse investigations are primarily carried out in drylands, little is known about the characteristics and extent of ecosystem plant pulse responses across the broader range of climates and biomes. Using satellite‐based plant water content (from vegetation optical depth) and plant carbon uptake observations from eddy covariance towers across the continental United States climate gradient (dry to humid), we characterize large‐scale plant carbon and water uptake responses to rain pulses during spring and summer months. We find that while all ecosystems in the study region show discernable plant water content and carbon flux responses to rain pulses, drier ecosystems exhibit more frequent and longer duration responses. Unlike mesic environments, drylands show significantly different responses under varying antecedent soil moisture and pulse magnitude conditions; the largest water and carbon uptakes follow large pulses on initially wet soils. We detect soil moisture thresholds primarily in drylands, which can partly explain dryland vegetation's different responses under dry and wet conditions. We conclude that vegetation responds to individual pulses of water availability across all climates and therefore a range of ecosystems are sensitive to rainfall distributions beyond simple seasonal precipitation totals.
A Quasi‐Newton Reformulated Geostatistical Approach on Reduced Dimensions for Large‐Dimensional Inverse Problems
Authors: Zhao Yue , Luo Jian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor classic geostatistical approaches relying on Gauss‐Newton or quasilinear methods, iterative evaluations of forward models to compute the Jacobians is a major computational challenge for large‐dimensional, underdetermined nonlinear inverse problems. Recent developments in dimension reduction based on principal component analysis have lower the number of forward model implementations in each iteration to the number of retained principal components given prior covariance or structural parameters. The present research develops a quasi‐Newton approach on reduced dimensions within the reformulated geostatistical approach framework to further lower the number of forward model calls and thus decrease the overall computational cost. The proposed algorithm uses Broyden's method to update the approximate Jacobian of the forward model with respect to the projections on the retained principal axes and the drift coefficients. When the secant condition is satisfied, no additional forward model runs or adjoint solver runs are needed. The efficiency and validity of the developed approach are tested by numerical experiments of large‐dimensional hydraulic tomography with true or biased prior information. Compared with Newton method using the full‐rank update of the Jacobians, the quasi‐Newton reformulated geostatistical approach provides similarly high‐quality inverse estimates with a 60–70% reduction of required forward model simulations. For inverse problems with biased prior information, the iterative correction of the principal axes or the update of the prior covariance may be influenced by the rank‐one update of the Jacobian, yielding slightly lower map accuracies, but still providing satisfactory inverse results with substantially reduced computational costs.
Nintedanib promotes antitumour immunity and shows antitumour activity in combination with PD-1 blockade in mice: potential role of cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Kato Ryoji , Haratani Koji , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Sakai Kazuko , Sakai Hitomi , Kawakami Hisato , Tanaka Kaoru , Takeda Masayuki , Yonesaka Kimio , Nishio Kazuto , Nakagawa Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumour microenvironment (TME) suppress antitumour immunity, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib has antifibrotic effects.

Methods
We performed a preclinical study to evaluate whether nintedanib might enhance antitumour immunity by targeting CAFs and thereby improve the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).

Results
Whereas nintedanib did not suppress the growth of B16-F10 melanoma cells in vitro, it prolonged survival in a syngeneic mouse model of tumour formation by these cells, suggestive of an effect on the TME without direct cytotoxicity. Gene expression profiling indeed showed that nintedanib influenced antitumour immunity and fibrosis. Tumoural infiltration of CD8+ T cells and granzyme B production were increased by nintedanib, and its antitumour activity was attenuated by antibody-mediated depletion of these cells, indicating that nintedanib suppressed tumour growth in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner. Moreover, nintedanib inhibited the proliferation and activation of fibroblasts. Finally, the combination of nintedanib with ICB showed enhanced antitumour efficacy in B16-F10 tumour-bearing mice.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that nintedanib targeted CAFs and thereby attenuated the immunosuppressive nature of the TME and promoted the intratumoural accumulation and activation of CD8+ T cells, with these effects contributing to enhanced antitumour activity in combination with ICB.
E6-mediated activation of JNK drives EGFR signalling to promote proliferation and viral oncoprotein expression in cervical cancer
Authors: Morgan Ethan L. , Scarth James A. , Patterson Molly R. , Wasson Christopher W. , Hemingway Georgia C. , Barba-Moreno Diego , Macdonald Andrew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman papillomaviruses (HPV) are a major cause of malignancy worldwide, contributing to ~5% of all human cancers including almost all cases of cervical cancer and a growing number of ano-genital and oral cancers. HPV-induced malignancy is primarily driven by the viral oncogenes, E6 and E7, which manipulate host cellular pathways to increase cell proliferation and enhance cell survival, ultimately predisposing infected cells to malignant transformation. Consequently, a more detailed understanding of viral-host interactions in HPV-associated disease offers the potential to identify novel therapeutic targets. Here, we identify that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway is activated in cervical disease and in cervical cancer. The HPV E6 oncogene induces JNK1/2 phosphorylation in a manner that requires the E6 PDZ binding motif. We show that blockade of JNK1/2 signalling using small molecule inhibitors, or knockdown of the canonical JNK substrate c-Jun, reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. We further demonstrate that this phenotype is at least partially driven by JNK-dependent activation of EGFR signalling via increased expression of EGFR and the EGFR ligands EGF and HB-EGF. JNK/c-Jun signalling promoted the invasive potential of cervical cancer cells and was required for the expression of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated transcription factor Slug and the mesenchymal marker Vimentin. Furthermore, JNK/c-Jun signalling is required for the constitutive expression of HPV E6 and E7, which are essential for cervical cancer cell growth and survival. Together, these data demonstrate a positive feedback loop between the EGFR signalling pathway and HPV E6/E7 expression, identifying a regulatory mechanism in which HPV drives EGFR signalling to promote proliferation, survival and EMT. Thus, our study has identified a novel therapeutic target that may be beneficial for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Diffuse neural coupling mediates complex network dynamics through the formation of quasi-critical brain states
Authors: Müller Eli J. , Munn Brandon R. , Shine James M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe biological mechanisms that allow the brain to balance flexibility and integration remain poorly understood. A potential solution may lie in a unique aspect of neurobiology, which is that numerous brain systems contain diffuse synaptic connectivity. Here, we demonstrate that increasing diffuse cortical coupling within a validated biophysical corticothalamic model traverses the system through a quasi-critical regime in which spatial heterogeneities in input noise support transient critical dynamics in distributed subregions. The presence of quasi-critical states coincides with known signatures of complex, adaptive brain network dynamics. Finally, we demonstrate the presence of similar dynamic signatures in empirical whole-brain human neuroimaging data. Together, our results establish that modulating the balance between local and diffuse synaptic coupling in a thalamocortical model subtends the emergence of quasi-critical brain states that act to flexibly transition the brain between unique modes of information processing.
Scalable multiple whole-genome alignment and locally collinear block construction with SibeliaZ
Authors: Minkin Ilia , Medvedev Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMultiple whole-genome alignment is a challenging problem in bioinformatics. Despite many successes, current methods are not able to keep up with the growing number, length, and complexity of assembled genomes, especially when computational resources are limited. Approaches based on compacted de Bruijn graphs to identify and extend anchors into locally collinear blocks have potential for scalability, but current methods do not scale to mammalian genomes. We present an algorithm, SibeliaZ-LCB, for identifying collinear blocks in closely related genomes based on analysis of the de Bruijn graph. We further incorporate this into a multiple whole-genome alignment pipeline called SibeliaZ. SibeliaZ shows run-time improvements over other methods while maintaining accuracy. On sixteen recently-assembled strains of mice, SibeliaZ runs in under 16 hours on a single machine, while other tools did not run to completion for eight mice within a week. SibeliaZ makes a significant step towards improving scalability of multiple whole-genome alignment and collinear block reconstruction algorithms on a single machine.
Single-cell RNA landscape of intratumoral heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment in advanced osteosarcoma
Authors: Zhou Yan , Yang Dong , Yang Qingcheng , Lv Xiaobin , Huang Wentao , Zhou Zhenhua , Wang Yaling , Zhang Zhichang , Yuan Ting , Ding Xiaomin , Tang Lina , Zhang Jianjun , Yin Junyi , Huang Yujing , Yu Wenxi , Wang Yonggang , Zhou Chenliang , Su Yang , He Aina , Sun Yuanjue , Shen Zan , Qian Binzhi , Meng Wei , Fei Jia , Yao Yang , Pan Xinghua , Chen Peizhan , Hu Haiyan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most frequent primary bone tumor with poor prognosis. Through RNA-sequencing of 100,987 individual cells from 7 primary, 2 recurrent, and 2 lung metastatic osteosarcoma lesions, 11 major cell clusters are identified based on unbiased clustering of gene expression profiles and canonical markers. The transcriptomic properties, regulators and dynamics of osteosarcoma malignant cells together with their tumor microenvironment particularly stromal and immune cells are characterized. The transdifferentiation of malignant osteoblastic cells from malignant chondroblastic cells is revealed by analyses of inferred copy-number variation and trajectory. A proinflammatory FABP4+ macrophages infiltration is noticed in lung metastatic osteosarcoma lesions. Lower osteoclasts infiltration is observed in chondroblastic, recurrent and lung metastatic osteosarcoma lesions compared to primary osteoblastic osteosarcoma lesions. Importantly, TIGIT blockade enhances the cytotoxicity effects of the primary CD3+ T cells with high proportion of TIGIT+ cells against osteosarcoma. These results present a single-cell atlas, explore intratumor heterogeneity, and provide potential therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma.
Strain-activated light-induced halide segregation in mixed-halide perovskite solids
Authors: Zhao Yicheng , Miao Peng , Elia Jack , Hu Huiying , Wang Xiaoxia , Heumueller Thomas , Hou Yi , Matt Gebhard J. , Osvet Andres , Chen Yu-Ting , Tarragó Mariona , de Ligny Dominique , Przybilla Thomas , Denninger Peter , Will Johannes , Zhang Jiyun , Tang Xiaofeng , Li Ning , He Chenglin , Pan Anlian , Meixner Alfred J. , Spiecker Erdmann , Zhang Dai , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLight-induced halide segregation limits the bandgap tunability of mixed-halide perovskites for tandem photovoltaics. Here we report that light-induced halide segregation is strain-activated in MAPb(I1−xBrx)3 with Br concentration below approximately 50%, while it is intrinsic for Br concentration over approximately 50%. Free-standing single crystals of CH3NH3Pb(I0.65Br0.35)3 (35%Br) do not show halide segregation until uniaxial pressure is applied. Besides, 35%Br single crystals grown on lattice-mismatched substrates (e.g. single-crystal CaF2) show inhomogeneous segregation due to heterogenous strain distribution. Through scanning probe microscopy, the above findings are successfully translated to polycrystalline thin films. For 35%Br thin films, halide segregation selectively occurs at grain boundaries due to localized strain at the boundaries; yet for 65%Br films, halide segregation occurs in the whole layer. We close by demonstrating that only the strain-activated halide segregation (35%Br/45%Br thin films) could be suppressed if the strain is properly released via additives (e.g. KI) or ideal substrates (e.g. SiO2).