bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biostratigraphy of the Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone (Beaufort Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa
Authors: Rubidge B.S. , Day M.O. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The middle Permian Eodicynodon Assemblage Zone is the lowermost biozone of the Beaufort Group (Adelaide Subgroup, Karoo Supergroup) and occurs in the southwestern part of the main Karoo Basin. It is host to a diverse assemblage of basal therapsid genera of which Eodicynodon is the most abundant. The biozone reaches a maximum thickness of 1 100 m in the Prince Albert Road area and thins to the east and west. The biozone corresponds to the Combrinkskraal and Grootfontein members of the Abrahamskraal Formation, directly overlies the Waterford Formation of the Ecca Group, and records the earliest middle Permian terrestrial environments of Gondwana. Rocks of the biozone were deposited along the southern shoreline of the Karoo Basin in a subaerial delta plain environment as part of large-scale fan systems draining to the north and northeast within a second-order highstand systems tract.
Biostratigraphy of the Cynognathus Assemblage Zone (Beaufort Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa
Authors: Hancox P.J. , Neveling J. , Rubidge B.S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Cynognathus Assemblage Zone is the youngest tetrapod biozone of the Beaufort Group (Tarkastad Subgroup, Karoo Supergroup). It is situated between the underlying Lystrosaurus declivis Assemblage Zone and the base of the overlying Molteno Formation (Stormberg Group) and corresponds to the entire Burgersdorp Formation. It is characterised by the presence throughout of the cynodont genus Cynognathus. The biozone reaches a maximum thickness of around 650 m in the southeast part of the basin and thins dramatically to the north, where it is only a maximum of 50 m thick. We here propose a three-fold subdivision into a lower Langbergia-Garjainia Subzone, a middle Trirachodon-Kannemeyeria Subzone and an upper Cricodon-Ufudocyclops Subzone. The basal contact is deﬁned biostratigraphically by the ﬁrst appearance of Cynognathus crateronotus and Langbergia modisei. The Cynognathus Assemblage Zone lacks a deﬁned biostratigraphic upper limit, being unconformably terminated by the base of the overlying Molteno Formation, which lacks a terrestrial vertebrate fossil record other than trackways.
Digital altruism: strategi kepercayaan pendonasi Kitabisa.com dalam membangun solidaritas sosial
Authors: Rachmawati Dewi , Solikhati Khotimatus 
Published: June 2020

- The digital world continues to develop today in all fields of life. The presence of the internet and its digitalization further enliven business, social activities, education, and others. One of the humanitarian activities in building social solidarity that is currently developing and supported by digitalization is fundraising or crowdfunding activities. Fundraising is an activity that is not easy to do. In collecting funds it is not uncommon to have distrust from people or institutions that want to make donations. Especially nowadays where a lot of fraud occurs, including in fundraising. The credibility of donation search institutions is also one of the considerations of donors. One of the institutions that are active in digital-based fundraising is Kitabisa.com. In the course of the book, Kitabisa.com was a success and was successful in every digital campaign. Departing from this, in this study researchers were interested to find out how the Kitabisa.com strategy in building the trust of donors to be willing to donate money to this institution. This study uses a qualitative method, where the object of the research are the new donors and also old donors who are active donate in Kitabisa.com. The theory used as a reference in this study is the 6 elements of the Trust pyramid according to Petrovic, Ksela, Fallenbock & Kittl (2003). The six elements are (1). State of the art security, (2) Merchant Legitimacy, (3) Fulfillment, (4) Tone and Ambience, (5) Customer Control and (6) Consumer Collaboration. The Research shows that the six components are taken into account by the institution Kitabisa.com in building trust for their donors. In addition, in terms of donation, this is their reference in making donations to trusted institutions to support solidarism. Keywords: Digital Altruism; Strategy; Trust; Donation; Social Solidarity.
Yem Bezelyesi ve Tritikale Karışımlarında Karışım Oranları ile Biçim Dönemlerinin Ot Verimine Etkileri
Authors: SEYDOŞOĞLU Seyithan , GELİR Gökhan , AYANA ÇAM Belgizar 
Published: June 2020

Çalışmanın
amacı, tritikale (x Triticosecale
Wittmack) ile yem bezelyesi (Pisum sativum L.) karışımlarında,
karışım oranı ve biçim dönemlerinin ot verimine etkilerini belirlemektir.
Deneme, tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme deseninde 3 tekerrürlü
olarak kurulmuştur. Biçim dönemleri ana parselleri, karışım oranı ise alt
parselleri oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada biçim dönemlerini, karışımlarda yer alan
tritikalenin başaklanma ve süt olum dönemi olmak üzere 2 farklı dönem
oluşturmuştur. Yalın olarak %100 yem bezelyesi (YB) ve tritikale (T), karışım
oranları ise %75YB + %25T, %50 YB + %50 T, %25 YB + %75 T’den oluşmaktadır.
Çalışmada, biçim dönemleri geciktikçe ana sap uzunluğu, bitki boyu, yeşil ve
kuru ot verimi değerleri artarken, kuru ve yeşil otta yem bezelyesi oranı
değerlerinde azalış meydana gelmiştir. Karışımlarda yer alan tritikale oranı
arttıkça, yeşil ve kuru ot veriminde istatistiki olarak artış meydana
gelmiştir. Benzer şekilde, karışımlarda yer alan yem bezelyesi oranı arttıkça
kuru ve yeşil otta yem bezelyesi oranında da artış meydana gelmiştir. Bir
yıllık sonuçlara göre; ot verimi yönünden %25 YB +%75 T karışımı diğer
karışımlara göre daha üstün bulunmuştur.
Evaluasi Pelaksanaan dan Manfaat Rencana Pengamanan Air Minum (RPAM) Operator di PDAM Kota Payakumbuh
Authors: PRAGA BELINDA , S DJ RACHMAWATI 
Published: June 2020

AbstrakPDAM Kota Payakumbuh diharapkan dapat mengalirkan air minum yang aman bagi masyarakat. Hal tersebut mengacu pada target RPJMN 2015-2019; dimana pada tahun 2019 harus tercapai 100% akses air minum yang aman dilihat dari aspek 4K. Diperlukan suatu upaya untuk dapat mengamankan air minum, mulai dari sumber air baku hingga pelanggan. Program Kementerian PUPR, yakni RPAM dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengamankan air minum dari sumber hingga pelanggan melalui pendekatan analisis dan manajemen risiko. Evaluasi RPAM dilakukan untuk mengetahui capaian pemenuhan aspek 4K; sehingga dapat diketahui apakah upaya tindakan pengendalian yang dilakukan telah berjalan efektif atau belum; dengan begitu selanjutnya dapat dilakukan rekomendasi terkait upaya yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan capaian pemenuhan aspek 4K. Capaian pemenuhan aspek 4K tahun 2013- 2016 belum terpenuhi. Hal tersebut dikarenakan masih terdapat tindakan pengendalian yang belum berjalan efektif dalam menangani kejadian bahaya dan risiko yang terjadi.Kata kunci: RPAM, PDAM Kota Payakumbuh, Aspek 4KAbstractPDAM Payakumbuh expected to deliver safe drinking water for the community. This refers to the target RPJMN 2015-2019; where in 2019 must reach 100% access to safe drinking water viewed from 4K aspect. Therefore, an effort is needed to secure drinking water, from raw water sources to customers. Government programs issued through the PUPR Ministry, namely RPAM can be a solution to secure drinking water from source to customer through a risk analysis and management approach. Evaluation of RPAM implementation is done to know the achievement of 4K aspect; so it can be seen whether the efforts of the control measures carried out have been effective or not; with subsequent recommendations can be made related to what efforts can be applied to improve the achievement of 4K aspects. The achievement of 4K aspect in 2013-2015 has not been fulfilled. This is because there are still control measures that have not been effective in dealing with hazard events and risks that occur. Keywords: RPAM, PDAM Payakumbuh, Aspects 4K
Ketercapaian Sasaran 4K dalam Pelaksanaan Rencana Pengamanan Air Minum (RPAM) di PDAM Tirta Dharma Kota Malang
Authors: SHANTY DEWI , S DJ RACHMAWATI 
Published: June 2020

AbstrakPDAM Kota Malang sebagai sarana penyedia air minum di Kota Malang, diharapkan mampu mencapai target Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) 2015-2019, yaitu akses terhadap air minum mencapai 100% di tahun 2019. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencapai target tersebut, yaitu melalui Rencana Pengamanan Air Minum (RPAM), dengan memperhatikan sasaran aspek 4K (kualitas, kuantitas, kontinuitas, dan keterjangkauan). Sasaran 4K tersebut, yaitu K1 sebagai acuan air minum yang layak dikonsumsi, K2 sebagai jumlah air minimum yang dikonsumsi masyarakat dengan memperhitungkan kehilangan air, K3 sebagai acuan pengaliran tak terputus selama 24 jam, dan K4 sebagai kesanggupan masyarakat untuk membayar harga air sesuai dengan tarif air yang telah diberlakukanberdasarkan peraturan yang dipersyaratkan. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan PDAM Kota Malang telah mencapai sasaran 4K dan mampu melaksanakan RPAM. Hal tersebut didukung oleh sistem online yang telah dikembangkan untuk menjamin keamanan pendistribusian air minum kepada masyarakat.Kata kunci: PDAM Kota Malang, RPAM, Sasaran 4K AbstractPDAM Kota Malang as a drinking water supply in Malang City, is expected to reach the target of National Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2015-2019, that is access to drinking water reaches 100% in 2019. The efforts that can be conducted to achieve the target through the Drinking Water Security Plan (RPAM), by focusing on 4K aspects(quality, quantity, continuity and affordability). The 4K aspects, such as K1 as a reference for drinking water that is suitable for consumption, K2 as the minimum amount of water consumed by the community taking into water losses, K3 as a reference for uninterrupted for 24 hours, and K4 as the ability of the community to pay the price of water based on the regulations required. The evaluation results show that PDAM Kota Malang reached the 4K aspects and be able to implement RPAM. This is supported by an online system that has been developed to safe the distribution of drinking water to the public.Keywords: PDAM Kota Malang, RPAM, 4K Aspects
Penyusunan Alat Ukur Partisipasi Birokrat dalam Program Pengurangan Sampah di Kota Bandung
Authors: LARASATY AFIFAH TRI , SOEMIRAT JULI , AINUN SITI 
Published: June 2020

AbstrakProgram pengurangan sampah diwujudkan dengan keterlibatan aktif masyarakat maupun pihak pengelola sampah. Dalam mewujudkan keberhasilan suatu program pengurangan sampah di dalam implementasinya juga melibatkan pihak birokrat yang seringkali berperan baik sebagai inisiator, penyelenggara, maupun pengawas program. Terkait hal tersebut, diperlukan adanya sebuah penelitian untuk mengukur tingkat partisipasi birokrat dalam program-program yang diselenggarakan dengan menggunakan teori Arnstein (A Ladder Of Citizen Participation).Teknik stratified sampling diterapkan untuk menentukan sampel. Penilaian dilakukan dengan skoring dan ranking. Hasil penelitian didapat sebuah alat ukur yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat partisipasi birokrat dalam pengelolaan sampah, yaitu berupa daftar pertanyaan, yang terdiri dari 3 bagian, yaitu bagian identitas, umum, dan khusus. Alat ukur utama adalah di bagian khusus yang memiliki 13 pertanyaan yang sudah mencakup pertanyaan terkait tiga tahapan partisipasi, dengan parameter sarana dan prasarana, aturan, kerjasama, pendampingan, dana, serta monitoring dan evaluasi.Kata kunci : Birokrat, Partisipasi, Pengurangan sampahAbstractWaste reduction programs is realized with the active involvement of the community as well as waste management. A waste reduction program in its implementation will also involve bureaucrats who often acts as initiator, organizer, as well as program supervisor. It is therefore important to measure the level of participation of bureaucrats in waste reduction programs using the Arnstein theory (A Ladder Of Citizen Participation). Stratified sampling technique was used to determine the sample size. Assessment was done by scoring and ranking. The result a of this study is a measurement tool that can be used to measure the level of participation of bureaucrats in waste management, namely in the form of a questionnaire, which consists of three parts, namely the identity part, the general, and the special part, i.e., the part on participation. The main measuring tool was in the special section, which has 13 questions related to the three stages of participation, including infrastructure parameters, rules/regulations, teamwork, mentoring, funding, monitoring , and evaluation.Keywords: Bureaucrats, Participation, Waste reduction
Evaluation of seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes under water stress and non-stress conditions
Authors: C. Shreejana K. , Shah Kabita Kumari , Baidhya Niru , Neupane Prashamsa , Pokhrel Surakshya , Upadhyay Koshraj , Shrestha Jiban 
Published: June 2020

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a species of crops which is highly sensitive to drought. The sensitivity to water stress varies from genotypes to genotypes of rice. An experiment was performed to compare twenty-five different rice genotypes for drought tolerance in the seedling stage at Gokuleshwor Agriculture and Animal Science College, Baitadi Nepal from July to August 2018. The genotypes were tested under two conditions viz., water stress and non-water stress. The research work was carried out in a completely random design (CRD) with three replications. The results exhibited the height of seedling, length & breadth of leaf, number of leaves/plant decreased, and number of leaves shedding increased under water stress condition. Clustering was done by the method of average linkage, and genotypes were categorized into five clusters. The genotype, namely Radha 11 grouped in Cluster-V had higher plant height, bigger length & breadth of leaf, maximum number of leaves/plant and minimum number of leaf shedding. Thus, this genotype showed the best performance for morphological traits under water stress condition. Therefore, this genotype Radha 11 can be utilized further for developing rice variety with drought-tolerance.
Biological control of eucalyptus Gall wasp, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Punjab, India
Authors: Yousuf Mohd. , Singh Sudhir , Ikram Mohsin , Khan Salman 
Published: June 2020

In this investigation, biological control of eucalyptus Gall wasp, Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Punjab, India was investigated. The genus Leptocybe Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was founded with its type species, L. invasa from Israel in 2004. Adult wasps of L. invasa induce galls on the shoots and midribs of leaves of Eucalyptus sp. and also damage nursery seedlings and young plantations. In the present study, survey was carried out from the year 2012 to 2014, on gall wasp infestation in different eucalyptus growing areas of Punjab. Observations revealed that eucalyptus growing areas in Punjab were under the threat of attack by gall wasp, L. invasa. During the present study, biological control agents Megastimus viggianii and Quadrastichus mendeli have been successfully applied in the gall infested areas of Punjab, from 2012 to 2017, where infestation of gall wasp was regularly decreased and came below 10 % by July, 2017. Consequently, Eucalyptus gall forming insect L. invasa has been controlled successfully by applying the biological control through releasing the parasitoids (Megastimus viggianii and Quadrastichus mendeli), in Punjab, India.
The application of mobile phone APP in the follow-up management of hospital
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Yi 
Published: June 2020

Explore the application of mobile phone APP in the follow-up management of hospital in the information age, to build a harmonious doctor-patient relationship,improve the effective follow-up rate and promote the rehabilitation of patients. Methods: Compare and analyze the traditional telephone follow-up mode and the mode of mobile phone APP with telephone follow-ups . Results:In 2016,with telephone follow-ups only,the effective rate was 91.3%, the patient satisfaction rate was 92.6%.In 2017,besides telephone follow-ups, we used mobile phone APP,the effective follow-up rate got up to 96.2%,the satisfaction rate of patients got up to 98.1%. Conclusion: Compared with the traditional follow-up model, mobile phone APP follow-up model can improve the clinical follow-up service and the compliance of patients, help to reduce failures of follow-up.With mobile phone APP, it’s much more convenient and effective for doctors to communicate with patients,and it is better for the rehabilitation of patients with disease.
Holding Hospitals Accountable for Improved Patient Safety: Confidential Reporting of Major Incidents
Authors: Riley Stancel M. , Baer Lee , Herman John B. , Deloach Charlene A. , Crane Martin 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Context: Evidence that the quality of medical care is improved by adverse event reporting is growing, but systemic improvement in patient safety remains uncoordinated and is driven by organizations and states, rather than by any unified plan. Massachusetts requires hospitals to report several types of major incidents to two different agencies, one set of reports are available to the public, the other kept strictly confidential. We analyzed the effect of the confidential reporting and feedback system on the number of reports, their type and whether they contained corrective actions, before and after a letter notifying hospitals of their failure to comply with the reporting statutes was sent in August 2003. This notification clearly held hospitals accountable for improved patient safety.
Objective: To assess the changes in the number of reports filed for major incidents and the presence in the reports of corrective actions planned by the hospitals for the year before and two years after the compliance was sent.
Design, Setting and Participants: All 1,317 major incident reports (MIRs) submitted in fiscal years 2003, 2004 and 2005 to the Patient Care Assessment Division (PCA) of the Board of Registration in Medicine of Massachusetts from all 94 acute care hospitals in Massachusetts were analyzed, including the presence of corrective actions included in their report to the PCA. MIRs were grouped by fiscal year, because the compliance letter holding hospitals accountable for improved patient safety was sent in FY 2003; thus improvements were expected to be seen from the baseline period of FY 2003, to the two subsequent fiscal years.
Main Outcome Measures: Changes in number of reports of serious major incident reports and presence of hospitals' corrective actions included in reports.
Results: Immediately following the baseline fiscal year of 2003, there was a large and significant increase in both the number of hospitals submitting at least one report and the mean number of reports submitted per hospital, and both numbers remained at this higher level in the third year. There was a significant increase in reports for fatal/life-threatening incidents as measured by the presence of corrective actions submitted by the hospitals in their reports, but this improvement lagged one year behind the increase in number of reports.
Conclusions: The purpose of a mandatory adverse reporting system, holding hospitals accountable for improved patient safety and quality, is demonstrated by significant improvements in reporting compliance and the presence of corrective actions to the PCA during the three-year period examined.
Clinical Inertia and Outpatient Medical Errors
Authors: O'Connor Patrick J. , Sperl-Hillen JoAnn M. , Johnson Paul E. , Rush William A. , Biltz George 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Clinical inertia is defined as lack of treatment intensification in a patient not at evidence-based goals for care. Clinical inertia is a major factor that contributes to inadequate chronic disease care in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemias, depression, coronary heart disease and other conditions. Recent work suggests that clinical inertia related to the management of diabetes, hypertension and lipid disorders may contribute to up to 80 percent of heart attacks and strokes. Clinical inertia is, therefore, a leading cause of potentially preventable adverse events, disability, death and excess medical care costs. This paper addresses three specific objectives: (1) to present a conceptual model of clinical inertia that takes into account recent developments in human factors research, cognitive science and organizational behavior; (2) to operationally define clinical inertia and propose simple clinical protocols that can be used to identify and map its incidence across populations of patients and physicians; and (3) to propose future research to reduce clinical inertia by specifically targeting the root causes of the problem. Ultimately, a better understanding of clinical inertia and the development of specific interventions to reduce it may be a productive strategy to reduce passive errors that contribute to hundreds of thousands of adverse events and tens of thousands of premature deaths annually in the United States.
Physicians Charged with Opioid-Analgesic Prescribing Offenses
Authors: Goldenbaum Donald M. , Christopher Myra , Gallagher Rollin M. , Fishman Scott M. , Payne Richard , Joranson David , Edmondson Drew , McKee Judith , Thexton Arthur 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Objective. To provide a “big-picture” overview of the characteristics and outcomes of recent criminal and administrative cases in which physicians have been criminally prosecuted or charged by medical boards with offenses related to inappropriate prescribing of opioid analgesics.
Design: We identified as many criminal and administrative cases of these types as possible occurring between 1998 and 2006. Cases were identified using a wide variety of sources, including organizational and government-agency databases, published news accounts and websites. Factual characteristics of these cases and their outcomes, and of the physicians involved, then were further researched using additional sources and methods.
Setting: Study findings are intended to apply to practicing U.S. patient care physicians as a whole.
Patients or other participants: There were no patients or participants in this study.
Outcome measures: We analyzed the numbers and types of cases and physicians involved, criminal and administrative charges brought, case outcomes and sanctions, specialties and other characteristics of the physicians involved.
Results: The study identified 725 doctors, representing an estimated 0.1 percent of practicing patient care physicians, charged between 1998 and 2006 with criminal and/or administrative offenses related to prescribing opioid analgesics. A plurality of these (39.3 percent) were general practice/family medicine physicians, compared with 3.5 percent who were self-identified or board-certified pain specialists. Physicians in this sample were more likely to be male, older and not board certified (P&lt;0.001). DEA criminal and complaint investigations averaged 658 per year (2003–2006) and “for cause” surrenders of DEA registrations averaged 369.7 (2000–2006).
Conclusions: Criminal or administrative charges and sanctions for prescribing opioid analgesics are rare. In addition, there appears to be little objective basis for concern pain specialists have been “singled out” for prosecution or administrative sanctioning for such offenses.