bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fermentation Kinetics of Selected Dietary Fibers by Human Small Intestinal Microbiota Depend on the Type of Fiber and Subject
Authors: van Trijp Mara P. H. , Rösch Christiane , An Ran , Keshtkar Shohreh , Logtenberg Madelon J. , Hermes Gerben D. A. , Zoetendal Erwin G. , Schols Henk A. , Hooiveld Guido J. E. J. 
Published: September 2020

ScopeAn underexplored topic is the investigation of health effects of dietary fibers via modulation of human small intestine (SI) microbiota. A few previous studies hint at fermentation of some dietary fibers in the distal SI of humans and pigs. Here the potential of human SI microbiota to degrade dietary fibers and produce metabolites in vitro is investigated.Methods and ResultsFructans, galacto‐oligosaccharides, lemon pectins, and isomalto/malto‐polysaccharides are subjected to in vitro batch fermentations inoculated with ileostomy effluent from five subjects. Fiber degradation products, formation of bacterial metabolites, and microbiota composition are determined over time. Galacto‐ and fructo‐oligosaccharides are rapidly utilized by the SI microbiota of all subjects. At 5h of fermentation, 31%–82% of galacto‐oligosaccharides and 29%–89% fructo‐oligosaccharides (degree of polymerization DP4‐8) are utilized. Breakdown of fructo‐oligosaccharides/inulin DP ≥ 10, lemon pectin, and iso‐malto/maltopolysaccharides only started after 7h incubation. Degradation of different fibers result in production of mainly acetate, and changed microbiota composition over time.ConclusionHuman SI microbiota have hydrolytic potential for prebiotic galacto‐ and fructo‐oligosaccharides. In contrast, the higher molecular weight fibers inulin, lemon pectin, and iso‐malto/maltopolysaccharides show slow fermentation rate. Fiber degradation kinetics and microbiota responses are subject dependent, therefore personalized nutritional fiber based strategies are required.
Theoretical calculation of power densities in the near‐field region of phased array antenna
Authors: Kim Ilkyu , Lee Jeong‐Hae 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile a phased array antenna offers new possibilities for cutting edge technologies, implementation of the array antenna raises an important motivation for computing the power densities in the proximity distance where its radiation becomes substantial. In this paper, the power densities of the antenna in the near‐field region is computed using the integral coupling formula based on the far‐field pattern easily attainable using a full‐wave simulation or a measurement. This feature enables to extend its applicability to the practical phased array antenna, which is different from the existing approaches that are restricted to the theoretically derived field distribution of the aperture antennas. Based on the far‐field pattern, the coupling program enables to provide the rapid computation (8.4‐9.7 seconds for a displacement) without a repetition of the lengthy theoretical derivation for each type of antennas. The calculated power densities for the array antenna has a deviation less than 0.7‐1.2 dB for the main beam and 3‐4 dB for the side lobe, which is comparable to the previous works.
Immunohistochemistry-Based Consensus Molecular Subtypes as a Prognostic and Predictive Biomarker for Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Stage II Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Yaqi , Yao Qianlan , Zhang Long , Mo Shaobo , Cai Sanjun , Huang Dan , Peng Junjie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
For stage II colorectal cancer (CRC), the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial. Consensus molecular subtype (CMS) has been validated to be a prognostic tool for CRCs. In this study, CMS status was investigated as a prognostic biomarker for the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colorectal cancer.

Materials and Methods
The tissue microarray was retrospectively constructed of 165 nonconsecutive, primary, and sporadic stage II CRCs. CMS status was determined by immunohistochemistry staining of CDX2, HTR2B, FRMD6, and ZEB1, combining with microsatellite instability testing. The prognostic for adjuvant chemotherapy efficacy of CMS status was calculated by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to tumor location.

Results
Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that CMS was associated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival for stage II CRCs. Cox regression analysis showed that CMS was an independent risk factor for OS. Among high-risk clinicopathological factors, patients with CMS2/3 (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.445, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.227–0.875), left-sided tumors (HR: 0.488, 95% CI: 0.247–0.968), or fewer than 12 lymph nodes examined (HR: 0.307, 95% CI: 0.097–0.974) had survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Subgroup analysis showed that adjuvant chemotherapy only improved OS for patients with left-sided tumors of CMS2/3 subtype. Regardless of CMS, right-sided tumors had no benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion
CMS is a better prognostic factor for adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II CRCs. Together with tumor location, CMS classification will aid in personalized treatment for stage II CRCs.

Implications for Practice
For stage II colorectal cancer (CRC), the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial, in that its minimal benefit (no more than 5% on average) is considered not worth the toxic effects of the drugs. There are still no effective prognostic and predictive biomarkers. This study showed that consensus molecular subtype (CMS) status is a predictive marker for adjuvant chemotherapy efficacy. Patients with left-sided tumors of CMS2/3 subtype have survival benefit by receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, which will aid in personalized treatment for stage II CRCs. Moreover, this test of CMS based on immunohistochemistry is cheap, not time consuming, and easily conducted in the laboratories of most hospitals.
Phase II Study of Panitumumab Monotherapy in Chemotherapy-Naïve Frail or Elderly Patients with Unresectable RAS Wild-Type Colorectal Cancer: OGSG 1602
Authors: Terazawa Tetsuji , Kato Takeshi , Goto Masahiro , Ohta Katsuya , Noura Shingo , Satake Hironaga , Kagawa Yoshinori , Kawakami Hisato , Hasegawa Hiroko , Yanagihara Kazuhiro , Shingai Tatsushi , Nakata Ken , Kotaka Masahito , Hiraki Masayuki , Konishi Ken , Nakae Shiro , Sakai Daisuke , Kurokawa Yukinori , Shimokawa Toshio , Satoh Taroh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Lessons Learned
Panitumumab monotherapy showed favorable efficacy and feasibility in the treatment of frail or elderly patients with RAS wild-type unresectable colorectal cancer. It is especially effective for left-sided tumors; therefore, panitumumab as first-line treatment could be an additional therapeutic option for frail elderly patients, particularly in those who are unsuitable for upfront oxaliplatin-based or irinotecan-based combination regimens.

Background
First-line panitumumab monotherapy is expected to be well tolerated and improve survival in patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. However, its safety and efficacy in chemotherapy-naïve frail or elderly patients with unresectable RAS wild-type (WT) colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been studied. The aim of this phase II trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of panitumumab as first-line treatment.

Methods
We conducted a multicenter phase II study on patients aged ≥76 years or ≥65 years considered unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy. Panitumumab 6 mg/kg of intravenous infusion was administered every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was disease control rate (DCR). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), response rate (RR), time to treatment failure (TTF), and incidence of grade 3 or 4 toxicities.

Results
Thirty-six patients (median age: 81 [range, 67–88] years) were enrolled between February 2017 and August 2018. Two patients were excluded from the analysis of efficacy: one from lack of image examination at baseline and the other from lack of a measurable lesion. Thirty-three (91.6%) patients had a performance status (PS) of 0 or 1, whereas two (5.6%) patients and one (2.8%) patient had a PS of 2 and 3, respectively. Twenty-eight patients (77.8%) had left-sided CRC, whereas eight (22.2%) had right-sided CRC. The RR was 50.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.4–67.6), including three patients (8.8%) who had complete responses. A total of 26.5% had stable diseases, resulting in a DCR of 76.5% (90% CI, 61.5–87.7). The RR of patients with left- and right-sided tumors was 65.4% (95% CI, 44.3–82.8) and 0.0% (95% CI, 0.0–36.9), respectively. Major grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic toxicities were rash (n = 6, 16.7%), hypomagnesemia (n = 4, 11.1%), fatigue (n = 3, 8.3%), paronychia (n = 2, 5.6%), and hyponatremia (n = 2, 5.6%). The only grade 3 hematologic toxicity was neutropenia (n = 1, 2.8%).

Conclusion
Panitumumab monotherapy showed favorable efficacy and feasibility in frail or elderly patients with RAS WT unresectable CRC. Survival analysis including OS, PFS, and TTF is currently in progress.
Crystal structure analysis of (E)‐N‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐2‐(substituted benzylidene)thiosemicarbazone: Experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Wang Sifan , Zhang Xing , Qi Fan , Huang Jie , Wei Chenli , Guo Zeyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwo novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives (E)‐N‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐2‐(3‐methylbenzylidene)thiosemicar‐bazone (1) and (E)‐N‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐2‐(3‐fluorobenzylidene)thiosemicarbazone (2) had been synthesized and characterized by FT‐IR, nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that compound 1 belongs to triclinic system in P‐1 space group and compound 2 belongs to monoclinic system in C2/c space group. It could be seen from the determined crystal structure that the central skeleton NNHC(S)NH of both thiosemicarbazone compounds have good planarity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were done using B3LYP/6‐31+G(d, p) basis set and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data. In addition, the UV‐visible absorption spectrum was estimated based on TD‐DFT quantum chemistry calculations. Likewise, the simulated absorption spectrum is very consistent with the experimental data. Combining Hirshfeld surface analysis and molecular structure, it was found that the intermolecular hydrogen bond NH···SC constitutes central symmetric dimer
. Through quantum chemical calculation, we investigated the reduced density gradient function and the independent gradient model, which provided a deeper insight into the intermolecular and intramolecular interaction force of the compounds. The frontier molecular orbital analysis and molecular electrostatic potential were also discussed by theoretical calculations.
Preparation of Nano‐Spherical Cu‐en and Its Catalytic Study on the Performance of Solid Propellant
Authors: Song Naimeng , Liu Jianchao , Yang Li , Liu Pingan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper mainly describes a nano‐spherical energetic catalyst Cu‐en. The result of particle size distribution shows that the D50 value of Cu‐en is 80.18 nm. The thermal decomposition process of RDX, AP, and NC is improved obviously after mixed with Cu‐en. Among them, the change of AP is the most significant, and its peaks of high‐temperature decomposition and low‐temperature decomposition degenerate into one decomposition peak. The thermal decomposition temperature of NC also decreased from 214.5 °C to 191.6 °C. In the range of 3–9 MPa, Cu‐en can significantly increase the burning rate of HTPB propellant and reduce the pressure exponent n from 0.684 to 0.459. According to the test data results of the CMDB propellant, the nano‐spherical Cu‐en prepared by the spray drying method has a stronger catalytic ability than the micro‐nano Cu‐en prepared by the high‐energy ball milling method.
Structure of the Plasmodium falciparum PfSERA5 pseudo‐zymogen
Authors: Smith Nicholas A. , Clarke Oliver B. , Lee Mihwa , Hodder Anthony N. , Smith Brian J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPfSERA5, a significantly abundant protein present within the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) and essential for normal growth during the blood‐stage life cycle of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, displays structural similarity to many other cysteine proteases. However, PfSERA5 does not exhibit any detectable protease activity and therefore the role of the PfSERA5 papain‐like domain (PfSERA5E), thought to remain bound to its cognate prodomain, remains unknown. In this study, we present a revised structure of the central PfSERA5E domain at a resolution of 1.2 Å, and the first structure of the “zymogen” of this papain‐like domain including its cognate prodomain (PfSERA5PE) to 2.2 Å resolution. PfSERA5PE is somewhat structurally similar to that of other known proenzymes, retaining the conserved overall folding and orientation of the prodomain through, and occluding, the archetypal papain‐like catalytic triad “active‐site” cleft, in the same reverse direction as conventional prodomains. Our findings are congruent with previously identified structures of PfSERA5E and of similar “zymogens” and provide a foundation for further investigation into the function of PfSERA5.
Identification of key genes associated with overwintering in Anoplophora glabripennis larva using gene co‐expression network analysis
Authors: Xu Yabei , Li Yurong , Wang Qianqian , Zheng Chunchun , Zhao Dongfang , Shi Fengming , Liu Xinhai , Tao Jing , Zong Shixiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a major quarantine pest in forestry. It is widely distributed throughout many regions such as Asia, Europe, and North America, and has enormous destructive potential for forests. The larvae of A. glabripennis overwinter in a dormant state with strong cold tolerance, and whether the larvae survive winter determines the population density in the following year. However, the molecular mechanisms of this process are not clear.RESULTSRNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) analysis of A. glabripennis larvae at five overwintering stages identified 6876 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among these, 46 functional genes that might respond to low temperature were identified. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis revealed that the MEturquoise module was correlated with the overwintering process. The STPK, PP2A, DGAT, and HSF genes were identified as hub genes using visualization of gene network. In addition, four genes related to sugar transport, gluconeogenesis and glycosylation were screened, which may be involved in the metabolic regulation of overwintering larvae. The protein–protein interaction network indicated that ribosomal protein and ATP synthase may play an important role in connecting with other proteins. The expression levels of fifteen hub genes were further validated by quantitative RT‐PCR, and the results were consistent with RNA‐Seq.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates key genes that may reveal the molecular mechanism of overwintering in A. glabripennis larvae. The genes may be the potential targets to prevent larvae from surviving the cold winter by developing new biological agents using genetic engineering.
Sensor‐based outdoor monitoring of insects in arable crops for their precise control
Authors: Bieganowski Andrzej , Dammer Karl‐Heinz , Siedliska Anna , Bzowska‐Bakalarz Małgorzata , Bereś Paweł K , Dąbrowska‐Zielińska Katarzyna , Pflanz Michael , Schirrmann Michael , Garz Andreas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe implementation of precision farming technologies into agricultural practice requires, among other things, precise determination of the extent and intensity of insect infestation in the farmer' fields. Manual insect identification is time‐consuming and has low efficiency, especially for large fields. Therefore, scientists and practitioners devote much effort to the automatization of this process. There are two complementary approaches to insect identification: (i) direct, in which the insect (ultimately the species) is determined, and (ii) indirect, in which the damage caused by the insects is monitored and forms the basis on which to formulate the information about insect infestation. A mini‐review of both approaches is presented in this work. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of each are briefly described. Methods of insect identification are still characterized by relatively small selectivity and efficiency, therefore it is necessary to keep searching for new methods and improve the development of existing ones. The goal of such systems should be to work in real time and be inexpensive to run, enabling widespread use amongst farmers. A possible solution seems to be integrating various techniques (sensor fusion) into a single measurement system. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Study of the impurity profile and characteristic fragmentation of Δ3‐isomers in cephapirin sodium using dual liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Ren Xiaojuan , Zhou Jinjin , Hu Feifeng , Wang Jian 
Published: September 2020

RationaleAccording to the requirements of the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH), the structures of impurities in pharmaceutical products present at over 0.1% need to be confirmed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to separate and identify the impurities in cephapirin sodium drug substances, so as to guide the industry to improve the production process and storage conditions and reduce the amount of impurities in the product.MethodsIn the first chromatography dimension, a Boston Green ODS (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) column was used, with a mobile phase composed of 0.05 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution and acetonitrile. In the second dimension, the column was a Shimadzu Shim‐pack GISS C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm), using 10 mM ammonium formate solution and methanol as the mobile phase.ResultsThe fragmentation behavior of cephapirin and its impurities and isomers was studied and the structures of impurities were deduced based on the MSn data. For six unknown impurities tentative structures were proposed. The degradation behavior of cephapirin sodium was also studied. Impurities 1 to 11 were found in commercial cephapirin sodium samples, indicating that cephapirin sodium should be stored in closed containers.ConclusionsThe contradiction between the non‐volatile mobile phase and mass spectrometry was solved by means of multiple heart‐cutting approaches and an on‐line desalting technique. Twelve impurities and isomers were separated and characterized. These results could be used to improve the methods described in pharmacopoeias for the quality control of cephapirin sodium.
CO2 Fixation into Cyclic Carbonates by a Zn‐Salen Based Conjugated Microporous Polymer
Authors: Zhou Fuyu , Deng Qiwen , Huang Nianyu , Zhou Wei , Deng Weiqiao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConjugated microporous Polymers (CMPs) are an emerging porous material with a high specific surface area, which has a wide range of applications in heterogeneous catalysis and gas separation etc. Here we report a new class of Zn‐salen based conjugated microporous polymer (Zn‐salen‐CMP) by Sonogashira‐Hagihara coupling reaction from the Zn‐salen compound and 1,3,5‐tris[4′‐(ethynyl)phenyl]benzene. The Zn‐salen‐CMP has extraordinary ability to capture and convert CO2 into cyclic carbonates for up to 8 times repeated experiments without any influence on activity.
Synergistic Effect of In Doped ZnO/rGO Anode Material for Rechargeable Zn‐Ni Secondary Battery with High Specific Capacity
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Gai Liyan , Cai Kedi , Wang Erdong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractZn−Ni secondary battery is a promising candidate as next generation of energy storage battery. However, suffering from the poor cycle performance, its commercialization remains rather challenging. The severe dendrite growth of Zn anode and the rapid capacity decay caused by its uncontrollable dissolution and poor electronic conductivity of ZnO are the main factors. Herein, we report a novel Indium (In) doped ZnO/rGO anode material to inhibit ZnO dissolution through the generated C−O−Zn bond between ZnO and graphene. Meanwhile, the capacity decay decline due to the enhanced electronic conductivity of ZnO by the In doping and combination of graphene. As a result, In doped ZnO/rGO anode material delivers a high specific capacity of 643.4 mAh g−1 (coulombic efficiency 97.63 %) and remains 531.3 mAh g−1 after 125 cycles at 0.5 C, which are significantly higher than bare ZnO.
Allylic Selenocyanates as Antifungal Agents Against Pathogenic Candida Species
Authors: Bazana Luana C. G. , Carvalho Ânderson R. , Silveira Gustavo P. , S. de Oliveira Luis Flávio , Teixeira Mário L. , Lopes William , Vainstein Marilene H. , Barbosa Flavio A. R. , Russo Theo V. C. , Sá Marcus M. , Canto Rômulo F. S. , Fuentefria Alexandre M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCandida is a genus that causes the highest number of fungal infections on people around the world, responsible for high mortality rates in critical and immunocompromised patients. Even though several antifungals are commercially available, most of these have side effects or are only available for intravenous administration. In view of this aspect, the susceptibility of twelve allylic selenocyanate (AS) compounds, five of them novel, were tested against 36 Candida strains. The AS were active for all Candida strains reaching minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in the order of ng mL−1 (0.39–50 μg mL−1). The sorbitol and ergosterol assay show that these compounds do not act on the cell wall and fungal membrane, suggesting a different mechanism of action. Cytotoxicity and irritability tests showed that only three molecules already studied (2 b, 2 j and 2 i) for this series manifested damage to the leukocyte cell and chorioallantoic membrane, but at higher concentrations than the MICs. Considering the susceptibility results and parameters of Lipinski, molecules 2 c (0.39–12.5 μg mL−1) and 2 d (0.78–6.2 μg mL−1) look promising for the development of a new antifungal agent against Candida infections.
Potential Antitumor Effect of Newly Synthesized Dinuclear1,5‐Naphthyridine‐Bridging Palladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Bošković Miladin , Franich Andjela A. , Rajković Snežana , Jovanović Marina , Jurisević Milena , Gajović Nevena , Jovanović Marina , Arsenijević Nebojša , Jovanović Ivan , Živković Marija D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFive new dinuclear palladium(II) complexes with general formula, [{Pt(L)Cl}2(μ‐1,5‐nphe)](NO3)2 (L is ethylenediamine (en), (±)‐1,2‐propylenediamine (1,2‐pn), trans‐(±)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane (dach), 1,3‐propylenediamine (1,3‐pd), (±)‐1,3‐pentanediamine (1,3‐pnd) and 1,5‐nphe is bridging 1,5‐naphthyridine ligand) were synthesised and spectroscopically characterized. In vitro cytotoxic activity of these complexes was evaluated against mouse mammary carcinoma (4T1), colon (CT26), lung cancer cells (LLC1) and melanoma (B16‐F10) as well as human lung adenocarcinoma (A549), mammary carcinoma (MDA‐MB‐468), and colon cancer (HCT 116). The investigated complexes reduced viability of tumor cells in dose dependent manner. Dinuclear Pd(II) complexes act less cytotoxic toward tumor cells, compare to cisplatin, but also have greater selectivity toward mesenchymal stem cells. The potential mechanism of cell death of tumor cells treated with palladium(II) 1,5‐naphthyridine dinuclear complexes is enhanced apoptosis, facilitated by down‐regulation of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 and up‐regulation of pro‐apoptotic Caspase‐3.