bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renormalized solutions of elliptic equations with variable exponents and general measure data
Authors: Kozhevnikova L. M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A class of second-order elliptic equations with variable nonlinearity exponents and the right-hand side in the form of the general Radon measure with finite total variation is considered. The existence of a renormalized solution of the Dirichlet problem is proved as a consequence of stability with respect to the convergence of the right-hand side of the equation.
Bibliography: 37 titles.
The evolutionary origin and domestication history of goldfish (
Carassius auratus
)
Authors: Chen Duo , Zhang Qing , Tang Weiqi , Huang Zhen , Wang Gang , Wang Yongjun , Shi Jiaxian , Xu Huimin , Lin Lianyu , Li Zhen , Chi Wenchao , Huang Likun , Xia Jing , Zhang Xingtan , Guo Lin , Wang Yuanyuan , Ma Panpan , Tang Juan , Zhou Gang , Liu Min , Liu Fuyan , Hua Xiuting , Wang Baiyu , Shen Qiaochu , Jiang Qing , Lin Jingxian , Chen Xuequn , Wang Hongbo , Dou Meijie , Liu Lei , Pan Haoran , Qi Yiying , Wu Bin , Fang Jingping , Zhou Yitao , Cen Wan , He Wenjin , Zhang Qiujin , Xue Ting , Lin Gang , Zhang Wenchun , Liu Zhongjian , Qu Liming , Wang Aiming , Ye Qichang , Chen Jianming , Zhang Yanding , Ming Ray , Van Montagu Marc , Tang Haibao , Van de Peer Yves , Chen Youqiang , Zhang Jisen 
Published: November 2020

Significance
We assembled one of the most contiguous genomes for the common goldfish and unveiled the genetic architecture of many well-known and anatomically interesting traits, owing to the sequencing of a large collection of goldfish varieties. The datasets that we have generated for candidate genes or genomic regions based on population genomics may help to elucidate the evolution of goldfish and goldfish varieties and may provide a resource for a wide range of studies with important implications for the use of goldfish as a model for vertebrate and fish genetics.
Rapid identification of a human antibody with high prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in three animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Chuan , Drelich Aleksandra , Martinez David R. , Gralinski Lisa E. , Sun Zehua , Schäfer Alexandra , Kulkarni Swarali S. , Liu Xianglei , Leist Sarah R. , Zhelev Doncho V. , Zhang Liyong , Kim Ye-Jin , Peterson Eric C. , Conard Alex , Mellors John W. , Tseng Chien-Te K. , Falzarano Darryl , Baric Ralph S. , Dimitrov Dimiter S. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Effective therapies are urgently needed for COVID-19. We rapidly (within a week) identified a fully human monoclonal germline-like antibody (ab1) from phage-displayed libraries that potently inhibited mouse ACE2-adapted SARS-CoV-2 replication in wild-type BALB/c mice and native virus in transgenic mice expressing human ACE2 as well as in hamsters when administered before virus challenge. It was also effective when administered after virus infection of hamsters, although at lower efficacy than when used prophylactically. Ab1 was highly specific and did not bind to human cell membrane-associated proteins. It also exhibited good developability properties including complete lack of aggregation. Ab1 has potential for prophylaxis and therapy of COVID-19 alone or in combination with other agents.
Redox-mediated regulation of an evolutionarily conserved cross-β structure formed by the TDP43 low complexity domain
Authors: Lin Yi , Zhou Xiaoming , Kato Masato , Liu Daifei , Ghaemmaghami Sina , Tu Benjamin P. , McKnight Steven L. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
The TDP43 RNA binding protein is frequently aggregated in the brain tissue of patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. Human genetic studies of patients suffering from ALS have identified scores of missense mutations clustered within a localized region of the TDP43 protein. This region is of low sequence complexity and has been thought to exist in a state of structural disorder under conditions of proper TDP43 function. The present study gives evidence that the low complexity domain of TDP43 self-associates into a specific structural conformation that may be important to its normal biological function. Unlike prototypic low complexity domains, that of TDP43 is methionine-rich. Evidence is presented suggestive of the utility of these methionine residues in oxidation-mediated regulation of TDP43 function.
High-order mutants reveal an essential requirement for peroxidases but not laccases in Casparian strip lignification
Authors: Rojas-Murcia Nelson , Hématy Kian , Lee Yuree , Emonet Aurélia , Ursache Robertas , Fujita Satoshi , De Bellis Damien , Geldner Niko 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Lignin is a defining polymer of vascular plants and of great physiological, ecological, and economical importance. Yet, its polymerization in the cell wall is still not understood. Lignin polymerizing enzymes, laccases and peroxidases, exist in vast numbers in plant genomes. By focusing on a specific lignin structure, the ring-like Casparian strips (CSs), we reduced candidate numbers and abolished essentially all laccases with detectable endodermal expression. Yet, not even slight defects in CS formation were detected. By contrast, a quintuple peroxidase mutant displayed a complete absence of CS. Our findings suggest that cells lignify differently depending on whether lignin is localized or ubiquitous and whether cells stay alive during and after lignification, as well as the composition of the cell wall.
Pheno-RNA, a method to associate genes with a specific phenotype, identifies genes linked to cellular transformation
Authors: Darwiche Rabih , Struhl Kevin 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Pheno-RNA is a new idea/method to identify genes important for a phenotype. It involves 1) generating a phenotypic series that involves different experimental conditions to yield a measurable phenotype, 2) performing transcriptional profiling under all the conditions, and 3) correlating gene expression profiles with phenotypic strength. Using this method, we identified ∼200 genes whose expression profiles over 17 conditions show a remarkably high correlation to the level of transformation. As expected, these ∼200 genes are enriched in biological categories important for transformation. Within these categories, some genes have very high correlations with the transformation phenotype, whereas others do not. Ninety genes with high correlations have not been previously linked to cancer, suggesting heretofore unknown genes with a role in cancer.
Differential attentional control mechanisms by two distinct noradrenergic coeruleo-frontal cortical pathways
Authors: Bari Andrea , Xu Sangyu , Pignatelli Michele , Takeuchi Daigo , Feng Jiesi , Li Yulong , Tonegawa Susumu 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Functional levels of attention and impulse control allow advanced organisms to behave in a goal-directed manner by decreasing distraction from irrelevant stimuli and by avoiding responses that are premature in a given situation. Attention deficits and impulsivity are often comorbid with the main symptoms of several neuropsychiatric conditions, but their neuroanatomical substrates are still a matter of debate. Here we show that activation of noradrenergic neurons of the mouse locus coeruleus is necessary and sufficient for goal-directed behavior. We found that improvements are mediated by norepinephrine release in separate subregions of the prefrontal cortex. This study provides causal evidence for the modulation of attentional control by locus coeruleus/norepinephrine neurons and specifies the cortical areas involved in such effects.
Rev7 loss alters cisplatin response and increases drug efficacy in chemotherapy-resistant lung cancer
Authors: Vassel Faye-Marie , Bian Ke , Walker Graham C. , Hemann Michael T. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Mutagenic translesion synthesis (TLS) allows cells to increase their survival after DNA damage by bypassing lesions that normally block DNA replication but at the cost of introducing mutations. Interfering with this TLS pathway genetically or with the small molecule inhibitor JH-RE-06 has been shown to improve cisplatin chemotherapy by suppressing tumor growth and enhancing survival in mouse xenograft tumor models. Deleting Rev7, which is a component of both the TLS machinery and a complex that regulates the choice of double-strand break repair pathways, strikingly potentiates cisplatin chemotherapy in a lung cancer model. Moreover, while cisplatin monotherapy resulted in tumor cell apoptosis, Rev7 deletion promoted a cisplatin-induced senescence phenotype, suggesting that targeting Rev7 is an attractive strategy to improve chemotherapy.
LRRC8 family proteins within lysosomes regulate cellular osmoregulation and enhance cell survival to multiple physiological stresses
Authors: Li Ping , Hu Meiqin , Wang Ce , Feng Xinghua , Zhao ZhuangZhuang , Yang Ying , Sahoo Nirakar , Gu Mingxue , Yang Yexin , Xiao Shiyu , Sah Rajan , Cover Timothy L. , Chou Janet , Geha Raif , Benavides Fernando , Hume Richard I. , Xu Haoxing 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceCells encountering physiological stresses often become vacuolated, but the source of the vacuoles and their role in causing or ameliorating necrotic cell death are unclear. Studies of cells responding to hypoosmotic, hypoxic, or hypothermic stress revealed that 1) vacuoles are derived from lysosomes, 2) many vacuoles subsequently undergo exocytosis, and 3) blocking either vacuolation or vacuole exocytosis by genetic or pharmacological approaches led to greatly increased necrotic cell death. By storing and then expelling excess water, lysosome-derived vacuoles maintain cytosolic water homeostasis and relieve membrane stress. This basic cellular function was present in all mammalian cell types tested and required ionic strength-sensitive ion channels formed from LRRC8 proteins on lysosomal membranes (Lyso-VRACs) acting in parallel with plasma membrane VRAC channels.
The NF-κB/leukemia inhibitory factor/STAT3 signaling pathway in antibody-mediated suppression of Sindbis virus replication in neurons
Authors: Yeh Jane X. , Schultz Kimberly L. W. , Calvert Valerie , Petricoin Emanuel F. , Griffin Diane E. 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceMature neurons are postmitotic cells with limited regenerative capacity, so damage following infection may result in permanent neurologic deficits. Successful recovery from viral infection of neurons requires immune mechanisms that preserve neuron viability and functionality. Sindbis virus (SINV) infects neurons and causes viral encephalomyelitis from which mice recover. Bivalent antibody to the SINV E2 glycoprotein provides noncytolytic control of neuronal infection in vivo and in vitro, but the mechanism is unknown. We used a high-throughput protein microarray and neuronal cultures to identify the NF-κB/leukemia inhibitory factor/STAT3 signaling cascade as important for antibody-mediated inhibition of viral replication. These studies offer insights into the mechanism of antibody-mediated noncytolytic virus clearance from neurons.
Positioning with master and counter-narratives
Authors: Hyvärinen Matti , Hatavara Mari , Rautajoki Hanna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNarrative studies have witnessed a growing interest towards positioning analyses and the analysis of master and counter-narratives. While the former tends to prefer a small story approach and to draw on Conversation Analysis and Discourse Analysis, the latter engages in a variety of methodological approaches and works with narratives of several sizes, often within institutional and political contexts. Counter-narrative is a positional category by name, and it has recently been brought together with positioning analysis in the study of oral narratives. However, the narrative nature of master narratives, as well as their conceptual distinction from dominant discourses, remains largely unaddressed. This article aims at placing master narratives within narrative theory. To that end, we consider the three analytical levels of narrative positioning in terms of master and counter-narratives. By analysing an interview with a 92-year-old Finnish woman, we argue for the empirical relevance of master and counter-narratives within positioning analysis.
The effects of exercise on VO2peak, quality of life and hospitalization in heart failure patients: A systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Dallas Konstantinos , Dinas Petros C. , Chryssanthopoulos Costas , Dallas George , Maridaki Maria , Koutsilieris Michael , Philippou Anastassios 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExercise training has become one of the most fundamental components of cardiac rehabilitation. This systematic review with meta‐analyses has the objective to determine the effectiveness of exercise on selected cardiac rehabilitation outcomes, i.e. peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), hospitalization and quality of life (QOL) of patients with heart failure. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched up to May 2019 to identify randomized controlled trials comparing exercise training to usual care. Overall, 131 trials were included with a total of 9,761 patients, the majority of whom were males (74%), predominantly with reduced ejection fraction and NYHA class ranging from II to III. There was a significant improvement in VO2peak in the exercise group compared to non‐exercise control group (mean difference: 2.98 mL/kg/ min, 95% CI: 2.52–3.43, p < 0.001; 84 RCTs, n = 3,690 patients). Exercise training was also beneficial for the patients’ QOL. The QOL meta‐analysis included 5,786 patients and showed a clinically significant improvement of QOL following exercise (−0.82, 95% CI: −1.02 to −0.62; p = 0.00001; I2 = 91%). Hospitalization incidence of heart failure patients was also lower in the exercise compared to control group (fixed‐effect Odds Ratio: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.42–0.75, p < 0.0001; 26 trials, 4,664 participants). Exercise‐based rehabilitation improves V02peak and QOL and reduces the incidence of hospitalization of heart failure patients.
Polarization switching behavior of (Pb,Nb)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 ferroelectric ceramics under high-power pulse condition in microsecond scale
Authors: Xu Ran , Chen Li , Xu Zhuo , Feng Yujun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the present work, the polarization switching of polycrystalline (Pb,Nb)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 (PNZST) ferroelectric (FE) ceramics in microsecond scale was investigated by pulse switching experiment. Typical switching current similar to that of FE single crystal and thin films was observed in PNZST ceramics, directly proving the completion of the switching process in microsecond scale. The increase of switching current and decrease of switching time with increasing electric field and temperature were confirmed and explained by the acceleration of the nucleation and growth rate of domains. However, the distortion of the pulse voltage also results in difficulty to analyze the switching current via Merz’s equation, which was usually neglected in previous works. In addition, the pulse switching dynamic is also found to be a current-limiting process and strongly depends on the circuit parameters. By increasing the resistance of the in-series resistor, the switching process will be hindered, leading to the decrease of switching current and longer switching period. More importantly, the curve of polarization versus electric field (P–E) was obtained by the switching current and a distinct difference was observed compared with the 0.1 Hz P–E curve. The above results prove the possibility of using PNZST ceramics in high-power pulse technology and will give some important guidance for the designation of FE devices.
Correlated optical and electrical analyses of inhomogeneous core/shell InGaN/GaN nanowire light emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang H , Piazza V , Neplokh V , Guan N , Bayle F , Collin S , Largeau L , Babichev A , Julien F H , Tchernycheva M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The performance of core–shell InGaN/GaN nanowire (NW) light emitting diodes (LEDs) can be limited by wire-to-wire electrical inhomogeneities. Here we investigate an array of core–shell InGaN/GaN NWs which are morphologically identical, but present electrical dissimilarities in order to understand how the nanoscale phenomena observed in individual NWs affect the working performance of the whole array. The LED shows a low number of NWs (∼20%) producing electroluminescence under operating conditions. This is related to a presence of a potential barrier at the interface between the NW core and the radially grown n-doped layer, which differently affects the electrical properties of the NWs although they are morphologically identical. The impact of the potential barrier on the performance of the NW array is investigated by correlating multi-scanning techniques, namely electron beam induced current microscopy, electroluminescence mapping and cathodoluminescence analysis. It is found that the main cause of inhomogeneity in the array is related to a non-optimized charge injection into the active region, which can be overcome by changing the contact architecture so that the electrons become injected directly in the n-doped underlayer. The LED with so-called ‘front-n-contacting’ is developed leading to an increase of the yield of emitting NWs from 20% to 65%.
IPEM topical report: current molecular radiotherapy service provision and guidance on the implications of setting up a dosimetry service
Authors: Craig Allison J , Rojas Bruno , Wevrett Jill L , Hamer Elaine , Fenwick Andrew , Gregory Rebecca 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Despite a growth in molecular radiotherapy treatment (MRT) and an increase in interest, centres still rarely perform MRT dosimetry. The aims of this report were to assess the main reasons why centres are not performing MRT dosimetry and provide advice on the resources required to set-up such a service. A survey based in the United Kingdom was developed to establish how many centres provide an MRT dosimetry service and the main reasons why it is not commonly performed. Twenty-eight per cent of the centres who responded to the survey performed some form of dosimetry, with 88% of those centres performing internal dosimetry. The survey showed that a ‘lack of clinical evidence’, a ‘lack of guidelines’ and ‘not current UK practice’ were the largest obstacles to setting up an MRT dosimetry service. More practical considerations, such as ‘lack of software’ and ‘lack of staff training/expertise’, were considered to be of lower significance by the respondents. Following on from the survey, this report gives an overview of the current guidelines, and the evidence available demonstrating the benefits of performing MRT dosimetry. The resources required to perform such techniques are detailed with reference to guidelines, training resources and currently available software. It is hoped that the information presented in this report will allow MRT dosimetry to be performed more frequently and in more centres, both in routine clinical practice and in multicentre trials. Such trials are required to harmonise dosimetry techniques between centres, build on the current evidence base, and provide the data necessary to establish the dose–response relationship for MRT.
Nonlinear interaction of intense laser beam with dense plasma
Authors: Das Chinmay , Chandra Swarniv , Ghosh Basudev 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe studied the nonlinear evolution of an amplitude-modulated envelop soliton formed in a dense plasma when a laser beam interacts with it. The employment of our newly developed technique, homotopy-assisted symbolic simulation, has been instrumental in the study of the nature and formation of envelope solitons and their dependence on various parameters. The different orders of homotopy perturbation generate a convergent series solution for such nonlinear coupled partial differential equations (PDE). Our technique bypasses the rigorous analytical derivation of coupled PDE without a loss of information. The methodology is very novel and holds promise for application in models that explain experimental observations. The results will be beneficial in interpreting various dense laser plasma interactions.
Machine learning aided automated differential diagnostics of chronic rhinitis based on optical coherence tomography
Authors: Soloviev Nikita , Khilov Aleksandr , Shakhova Maria , Meller Alina , Perekatova Valeriya , Sergeeva Ekaterina , Kirillin Mikhail 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chronic rhinitis (CR) is among the most frequent inflammatory diseases of ear-nose-throat (ENT) covering up to 30% of the population. Different forms of CR require different treatment tactics, which indicates the need for an efficient tool for differential diagnostics of CR. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising tool for fast non-invasive evaluation of nasal mucosa, which, however, requires further interpretation of the obtained diagnostic image. In this paper, we provide a comparative analysis of several machine learning approaches that aim at automated differential diagnostics of CR based on diagnostic OCT images of 78 patients aged between 28 and 74 ages. Gradient boosting decision trees (GBT) approach reveals the best classification accuracy (98% and 94% for binary and diagnostic classification, respectively). It shows that proposed approaches have potential for automated classification of CR OCT images.
Brain2Char: a deep architecture for decoding text from brain recordings
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Anumanchipalli Gopala K , Chang Edward F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective. Decoding language representations directly from the brain can enable new brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) for high bandwidth human–human and human–machine communication. Clinically, such technologies can restore communication in people with neurological conditions affecting their ability to speak. Approach. In this study, we propose a novel deep network architecture Brain2Char, for directly decoding text (specifically character sequences) from direct brain recordings (called electrocorticography, ECoG). Brain2Char framework combines state-of-the-art deep learning modules—3D Inception layers for multiband spatiotemporal feature extraction from neural data and bidirectional recurrent layers, dilated convolution layers followed by language model weighted beam search to decode character sequences, and optimizing a connectionist temporal classification loss. Additionally, given the highly non-linear transformations that underlie the conversion of cortical function to character sequences, we perform regularizations on the network’s latent representations motivated by insights into cortical encoding of speech production and artifactual aspects specific to ECoG data acquisition. To do this, we impose auxiliary losses on latent representations for articulatory movements, speech acoustics and session specific non-linearities. Main results. In three (out of four) participants reported here, Brain2Char achieves 10.6%, 8.5%, and 7.0% word error rates respectively on vocabulary sizes ranging from 1200 to 1900 words. Significance. These results establish a new end-to-end approach on decoding text from brain signals and demonstrate the potential of Brain2Char as a high-performance communication BCI.