bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A life course approach for understanding later life sustainability
Authors: Dodds Richard , Syddall Holly , Sayer Avan Aihie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter describes a life course approach for understanding later life sustainability, focusing on grip strength as a marker of physical sustainability, and explaining how a life course approach recognizes that muscle strength in later life reflects not only rate of loss in later life, but also the peak attained earlier in life. We present evidence that risk factors operating throughout the life course have an impact on physical sustainability in later life with particular consideration of the effects of body size, socioeconomic position, long-term conditions, physical activity, diet, and smoking. We have shown that low birth weight is associated with weaker grip strength across the life course and that there is considerable evidence for developmental influences on ageing skeletal muscle. Finally, a life course approach suggests opportunities for early intervention to promote later life physical sustainability; but optimal strategies and timings for intervention are yet to be identified.
Integration of vaccination of older adults in a life course programme
Authors: Michel Jean-Pierre , Ecarnot Fiona 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Vaccines represent the medical intervention that has yielded the greatest benefit on human health and longevity. Focusing on life course immunization means adopting a temporal and societal perspective towards the health of individuals and cohorts. Increasing numbers of epidemiological examples from influenza, pertussis, and pneumococcal vaccines, but also CMV, diphtheria, pertussis, and varicella vaccines provided (or administered) at a young age testify to the importance of community protection against preventable infectious diseases and chronic diseases at the level of the oldest adults, who exhibit immunosenescent defects. In parallel, the current low vaccine coverage rate among healthcare workers disadvantages their older patients, as well as themselves and their relatives. Thus, a vaccination programme focusing only on old adults will be less effective than a global life course immunization program fully integrated into a comprehensive lifecourse ‘healthy ageing’ program.
Why, when, and where do older people die?
Authors: Prsic Elizabeth H. , Spear Rebecca A. , Teno Joan M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The demographics of death among older persons have changed markedly over the past century. Individuals are living longer, but gains in life expectancy differ significantly between low-, middle-, and high-income countries. While individuals would previously succumb to infectious disease after a brief illness, older persons often suffer long periods of morbidity at the end of life in the setting of chronic, non-communicable diseases. With increased care needs at the end of life, older persons are more likely to die in an institutional setting, despite preferences for death at home. While site of death has been proposed as a quality metric, it captures only one aspect of the trajectory of end-of-life care. This chapter explores various aspects of death among older persons, and places the subject in a larger geographic, medical, and socioeconomic context.
A Suppositional Theory of Conditionals
Authors: Carter Sam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Suppositional theories of conditionals take apparent similarities between supposition and conditionals as a starting point, appealing to features of the former to provide an account of the latter. This paper develops a novel form of suppositional theory, one which characterizes the relationship at the level of semantics rather than at the level of speech acts. In the course of doing so, it considers a range of novel data which shed additional light on how conditionals and supposition interact.
‘From the Totem to the Antenna’: Musique Concrète and the Universal at the end of the French Empire
Authors: Ridout Sam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article situates Pierre Schaeffer’s musique concrète in the context of the end of the French empire. In drawing out conceptual continuities between Schaeffer’s administration of colonial radio in the mid-1950s and works of musique concrète from the same period, I argue that both projects are predicated on a commitment to the capacity of acousmatic listening to provide access to universal essences. The invocation of the ‘primitive’ in Schaeffer’s writing and music thus serves to buttress the universalizing rhetoric of musique concrète, portraying it as a neutral site for the reconciliation of different cultures, underwritten by a shared human essence. As such, musique concrète partakes in the logic of a colonial humanism, in which empire is conceived of as another such neutral framework. By way of conclusion, a form of acousmatic listening opposed to essence and empire is elaborated from the writings of Schaeffer’s anticolonial contemporaries.
H i study of isolated and paired galaxies: the MIR SFR-M⋆ sequence
Authors: Bok J , Skelton R E , Cluver M E , Jarrett T H , Jones M G , Verdes-Montenegro L 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Using mid-infrared star formation rate and stellar mass indicators in WISE (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer), we construct and contrast the relation between star formation rate and stellar mass for isolated and paired galaxies. Our samples comprise a selection of AMIGA (Analysis of the interstellar Medium in Isolated GAlaxies; isolated galaxies) and pairs of ALFALFA (Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA) galaxies with H i detections such that we can examine the relationship between H i content (gas fraction, H i deficiency) and galaxy location on the main sequence (MS) in these two contrasting environments. We derive for the first time an H i scaling relation for isolated galaxies using WISE stellar masses, and thereby establish a baseline predictor of H i content that can be used to assess the impact of environment on H i content when compared with samples of galaxies in different environments. We use this updated relation to determine the H i deficiency of both our paired and isolated galaxies. Across all the quantities examined as a function of environment in this work (MS location, gas fraction, and H i deficiency), the AMIGA sample of isolated galaxies is found to have the lower dispersion: σAMIGA = 0.37 versus σPAIRS = 0.55 on the MS, σAMIGA = 0.44 versus σPAIRS = 0.54 in gas fraction, and σAMIGA = 0.28 versus σPAIRS = 0.34 in H i deficiency. We also note fewer isolated quiescent galaxies, 3 (0.6${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$), compared to 12 (2.3${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) quiescent pair members. Our results suggest the differences in scatter measured between our samples are environment driven. Galaxies in isolation behave relatively predictably, and galaxies in more densely populated environments adopt a more stochastic behaviour, across a broad range of quantities.
The completed SDSS-IV extended baryon oscillation spectroscopic survey: growth rate of structure measurement from anisotropic clustering analysis in configuration space between redshift 0.6 and 1.1 for the emission-line galaxy sample
Authors: Tamone Amélie , Raichoor Anand , Zhao Cheng , de Mattia Arnaud , Gorgoni Claudio , Burtin Etienne , Ruhlmann-Kleider Vanina , Ross Ashley J , Alam Shadab , Percival Will J , Avila Santiago , Chapman Michael J , Chuang Chia-Hsun , Comparat Johan , Dawson Kyle S , de la Torre Sylvain , du Mas des Bourboux Hélion , Escoffier Stephanie , Gonzalez-Perez Violeta , Hou Jiamin , Kneib Jean-Paul , Mohammad Faizan G , Mueller Eva-Maria , Paviot Romain , Rossi Graziano , Schneider Donald P , Wang Yuting , Zhao Gong-Bo 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the anisotropic clustering of emission-line galaxies (ELGs) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV) extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) Data Release 16 (DR16). Our sample is composed of 173 736 ELGs covering an area of 1170 deg2 over the redshift range 0.6 ≤ z ≤ 1.1. We use the convolution Lagrangian perturbation theory in addition to the Gaussian streaming redshift space distortions to model the Legendre multipoles of the anisotropic correlation function. We show that the eBOSS ELG correlation function measurement is affected by the contribution of a radial integral constraint that needs to be modelled to avoid biased results. To mitigate the effect from unknown angular systematics, we adopt a modified correlation function estimator that cancels out the angular modes from the clustering. At the effective redshift, zeff = 0.85, including statistical and systematical uncertainties, we measure the linear growth rate of structure fσ8(zeff) = 0.35 ± 0.10, the Hubble distance $D_ H(z_{\rm eff})/r_{\rm drag} = 19.1^{+1.9}_{-2.1}$, and the comoving angular diameter distance DM(zeff)/rdrag = 19.9 ± 1.0. These results are in agreement with the Fourier space analysis, leading to consensus values of: fσ8(zeff) = 0.315 ± 0.095, $D_H(z_{\rm eff})/r_{\rm drag} = 19.6^{+2.2}_{-2.1}$, and DM(zeff)/rdrag = 19.5 ± 1.0, consistent with ΛCDM model predictions with Planck parameters.
How well can we determine ages and chemical abundances from spectral fitting of integrated light spectra?
Authors: Gonçalves Geraldo , Coelho Paula , Schiavon Ricardo , Usher Christopher 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The pixel-to-pixel spectral fitting technique is often used in studies of stellar populations. It enables the user to infer several parameters from integrated light spectra such as ages and chemical abundances. In this paper, we examine the question of how the inferred parameters change with the choice of wavelength range used. We have employed two different libraries of integrated light spectra of globular clusters (GCs) from the literature and fitted them to stellar population models using the code Starlight. We performed tests using different regions of the spectra to infer reddening, ages, [Fe/H], and [α/Fe]. Comparing our results to age values obtained from isochrone fitting and chemical abundances from high-resolution spectroscopy, we find that: (1) the inferred parameters change with the wavelength range used; (2) the method in general retrieves good reddening estimates, specially when a wider wavelength range is fitted; (3) the ideal spectral regions for determination of age, [Fe/H], and [α/Fe] are 4170–5540, 5280–7020, and 4828–5364 Å, respectively; (4) the retrieved age values for old metal-poor objects can be several Gyr younger than those resulting from isochrone fitting. We conclude that, depending on the parameter of interest and the accuracy requirements, fitting the largest possible wavelength range may not necessarily be the best strategy.
Exon and protein positioning in a pre-catalytic group II intron RNP primed for splicing
Authors: Liu Nan , Dong Xiaolong , Hu Cuixia , Zeng Jianwei , Wang Jiawei , Wang Jia , Wang Hong-Wei , Belfort Marlene 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGroup II introns are the putative progenitors of nuclear spliceosomal introns and use the same two-step splicing pathway. In the cell, the intron RNA forms a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex with the intron-encoded protein (IEP), which is essential for splicing. Although structures of spliced group II intron RNAs and RNP complexes have been characterized, structural insights into the splicing process remain enigmatic due to lack of pre-catalytic structural models. Here, we report two cryo-EM structures of endogenously produced group II intron RNPs trapped in their pre-catalytic state. Comparison of the catalytically activated precursor RNP to its previously reported spliced counterpart allowed identification of key structural rearrangements accompanying splicing, including a remodeled active site and engagement of the exons. Importantly, altered RNA–protein interactions were observed upon splicing among the RNP complexes. Furthermore, analysis of the catalytically inert precursor RNP demonstrated the structural impact of the formation of the active site on RNP architecture. Taken together, our results not only fill a gap in understanding the structural basis of IEP-assisted group II intron splicing, but also provide parallels to evolutionarily related spliceosomal splicing.
The immunorecognition, subcellular compartmentalization, and physicochemical properties of nucleic acid nanoparticles can be controlled by composition modification
Authors: Johnson Morgan Brittany , Halman Justin R , Miller Daniel K , Cooper Joseph S , Khisamutdinov Emil F , Marriott Ian , Afonin Kirill A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) have become powerful new platforms as therapeutic and diagnostic tools due to the innate biological ability of nucleic acids to identify target molecules or silence genes involved in disease pathways. However, the clinical application of NANPs has been limited by factors such as chemical instability, inefficient intracellular delivery, and the triggering of detrimental inflammatory responses following innate immune recognition of nucleic acids. Here, we have studied the effects of altering the chemical composition of a circumscribed panel of NANPs that share the same connectivity, shape, size, charge and sequences. We show that replacing RNA strands with either DNA or chemical analogs increases the enzymatic and thermodynamic stability of NANPs. Furthermore, we have found that such composition changes affect delivery efficiency and determine subcellular localization, effects that could permit the targeted delivery of NANP-based therapeutics and diagnostics. Importantly, we have determined that altering NANP composition can dictate the degree and mechanisms by which cell immune responses are initiated. While RNA NANPs trigger both TLR7 and RIG-I mediated cytokine and interferon production, DNA NANPs stimulate minimal immune activation. Importantly, incorporation of 2′F modifications abrogates RNA NANP activation of TLR7 but permits RIG-I dependent immune responses. Furthermore, 2′F modifications of DNA NANPs significantly enhances RIG-I mediated production of both proinflammatory cytokines and interferons. Collectively this indicates that off-target effects may be reduced and/or desirable immune responses evoked based upon NANPs modifications. Together, our studies show that NANP composition provides a simple way of controlling the immunostimulatory potential, and physicochemical and delivery characteristics, of such platforms.
A Roadmap for Developing Plasma Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Cerebral Cavernous Angioma With Symptomatic Hemorrhage (CASH)
Authors: Girard Romuald , Li Yan , Stadnik Agnieszka , Shenkar Robert , Hobson Nicholas , Romanos Sharbel , Srinath Abhinav , Moore Thomas , Lightle Rhonda , Shkoukani Abdallah , Akers Amy , Carroll Timothy , Christoforidis Gregory A , Koenig James I , Lee Cornelia , Piedad Kristina , Greenberg Steven M , Kim Helen , Flemming Kelly D , Ji Yuan , Awad Issam A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Cerebral cavernous angioma (CA) is a capillary microangiopathy predisposing more than a million Americans to premature risk of brain hemorrhage. CA with recent symptomatic hemorrhage (SH), most likely to re-bleed with serious clinical sequelae, is the primary focus of therapeutic development. Signaling aberrations in CA include proliferative dysangiogenesis, blood-brain barrier hyperpermeability, inflammatory/immune processes, and anticoagulant vascular domain. Plasma levels of molecules reflecting these mechanisms and measures of vascular permeability and iron deposition on magnetic resonance imaging are biomarkers that have been correlated with CA hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE
To optimize these biomarkers to accurately diagnose cavernous angioma with symptomatic hemorrhage (CASH), prognosticate the risk of future SH, and monitor cases after a bleed and in response to therapy.

METHODS
Additional candidate biomarkers, emerging from ongoing mechanistic and differential transcriptome studies, would further enhance the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis and prediction of CASH. Integrative combinations of levels of plasma proteins and characteristic micro-ribonucleic acids may further strengthen biomarker associations. We will deploy advanced statistical and machine learning approaches for the integration of novel candidate biomarkers, rejecting noncorrelated candidates, and determining the best clustering and weighing of combined biomarker contributions.

EXPECTED OUTCOMES
With the expertise of leading CA researchers, this project anticipates the development of future blood tests for the diagnosis and prediction of CASH to clinically advance towards precision medicine.

DISCUSSION
The project tests a novel integrational approach of biomarker development in a mechanistically defined cerebrovascular disease with a relevant context of use, with an approach applicable to other neurological diseases with similar pathobiologic features.
Damned If You Do and Damned If You Don’t: The Use of Prime Ministerial Discretion and the Royal Prerogative
Authors: Cladi Lorenzo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The royal prerogative is one of the most significant elements of the UK’s government and constitution. During the premiership of Gordon Brown and the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition led by David Cameron, there was momentum for a reform of the royal prerogative. During the Conservative premiership of Theresa May, the impetus for reform of the royal prerogative has seemingly diminished. This article analyses how the UK Government has made use of the royal prerogative in terms of deploying the armed forces, making and unmaking international treaties and proroguing Parliament. It asserts that while such powers have not been compromised, the ability of Prime Ministers to use them without parliamentary consent has been subject to greater contestation. This has appeared to rein in the discretion of Prime Ministers. However, this article argues that Prime Ministers’ discretion has in fact become more meaningful as their political capital is invested in decisions concerning prerogative powers.
Banking Crises Without Panics*
Authors: Baron Matthew , Verner Emil , Xiong Wei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We examine historical banking crises through the lens of bank equity declines, which cover a broad sample of episodes of banking distress with and without banking panics. To do this, we construct a new data set on bank equity returns and narrative information on banking panics for 46 countries over the period of 1870 to 2016. We find that even in the absence of panics, large bank equity declines are associated with substantial credit contractions and output gaps. Although panics are an important amplification mechanism, our results indicate that panics are not necessary for banking crises to have severe economic consequences. Furthermore, panics tend to be preceded by large bank equity declines, suggesting that panics are the result, rather than the cause, of earlier bank losses. We use bank equity returns to uncover a number of forgotten historical banking crises and create a banking crisis chronology that distinguishes between bank equity losses and panics.
Effect of air pollution on gout development: a nationwide population-based observational study
Authors: Hu W -S , Lin C -L 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Objective
To investigate the effect of air pollution on gout development.

Methods
A total of 170318 participants were enrolled. These pollutants were considered: carbon monoxide (CO), fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), total hydrocarbons (THC) and methane (CH4). The yearly average concentrations were calculated from 2000 to 2011. Univariate and multivariate analyses by Cox proportional hazard regression models were adopted to estimate hazard ratios for gout in the Q2–Q4 concentrations of air pollutants compared with the Q1 concentration.

Results
In THC, relative to the Q1 concentration, the risk of gout was higher in participants exposed to the Q2–Q4 concentrations [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.10 with 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.19 in the Q2 concentration of THC; aHR, 4.20 with 95% CI, 3.93–4.49 in the Q3 concentration of THC; aHR, 5.65 with 95% CI, 5.29–6.04 in the Q4 concentration of THC]. In regard to CH4, when the Q1 concentration was defined as the reference, the risks of gout were increased for participants exposed to the Q2, Q3 and Q4 concentrations (aHR, 1.16 with 95% CI, 1.06–1.26 in the Q2 concentration of CH4; aHR, 2.37 with 95% CI, 2.20–2.55 in the Q3 concentration of CH4; aHR, 8.73 with 95% CI, 8.16–9.34 in the Q4 concentration of CH4).

Conclusions
Association between air pollution and risk of gout was noted.
Patterns of fatigue and association with disease activity and clinical manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Arnaud Laurent , Mertz Philippe , Amoura Zahir , Voll Reinhard E , Schwarting Andreas , Maurier François , Blaison Gilles , Bonnotte Bernard , Poindron Vincent , Fiehn Christoph , Lorenz Hanns-Martin , Korganow Anne-Sophie , Sibilia Jean , Martin Thierry 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
The prevalence of fatigue is high in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we used latent class analysis to reveal patterns of fatigue, anxiety, depression and organ involvement in a large international cohort of SLE patients.

Methods
We used the Lupus BioBank of the upper Rhein to analyse patterns of fatigue using latent class analysis (LCA). After determining the optimal number of latent classes, patients were assigned according to model generated probabilities, and characteristics of classes were compared.

Results
A total of 502 patients were included. Significant fatigue, anxiety and depression were reported by 341 (67.9%), 159 (31.7%) and 52 (10.4%) patients, respectively. LCA revealed a first cluster (67.5% of patients) with low disease activity [median (25th–75th percentile interquartile range) Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment (SELENA)-SLEDAI: 2 (0–4)], significant fatigue (55.5%, P &lt; 0.0001), low anxiety (11.8%, P &lt; 0.0001) and depression (0.9%, P &lt; 0.0001). Cluster 2 (25.3%) also comprised patients with low disease activity [SELENA-SLEDAI: 2 (0–6)], but those patients had a very high prevalence of fatigue (100%, P &lt; 0.0001), anxiety (89%, P &lt; 0.0001) and depression (38.6%, P &lt; 0.0001). Cluster 3 (7.2%) comprised patients with high disease activity [SELENA-SLEDAI: 12 (8–17), P &lt; 0.0001] and high fatigue (72.2%, P &lt; 0.0001) with low levels of anxiety (16.7%, P &lt; 0.0001) and no depression (0%, P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
LCA revealed three patterns of fatigue with important practical implications. Based on these, it is crucial to distinguish patients with active disease (in whom remission will be achieved) from those with no or mild activity but high levels of fatigue, depression and anxiety, for whom psychological counselling should be prioritized.