bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A classification of cranio facio cervical (branchial) clefts (Bangalore classification)
Authors: Subramani S A , Murthy B S 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThis new classification is based on the analysis of the following:1. The study of Embryological developments of the normal structures and the clefts in the head and neck regions,2. The Clinical presentation of Clefts in the head and neck regions in our series of 146 cases,3. The study of clefts under Rare craniofacial, Branchial [Cervical] and Classifications by various	Authors and4. The review of Literature pertaining to the clefts in head and neck regions.The documentation of commonly diagnosed and treated cleft lip and palate anomalies have remained unsatisfactory. As the regular cleft lip and palate falls within the purview of this new classification, a separate classification of Rare Craniofacial clefts can be avoided. This is an attempt made to bring all varieties of cleft deformities in the head and neck region under one Classification and to plan and execute better techniques in the field of assessment and management.
Tumescent infiltration versus femoral nerve block for skin graft harvest-a prospective randomized study
Authors: Mathew J , Varghese S , Jagadeesh S 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIn this prospective, randomized study, 60 patients requiring a single sheet of graft were randomized into 2 groups. Tumescent infiltration was used for anesthesia in one group and femoral nerve block in the other. The pain during administration of anesthesia, the time required for onset of action, the pain during graft harvest and the failure rates were recorded. Statistical comparison was done using Fischers Exact probability test for the failure rates and Mann Whitney- U test for the other parameters. The pain during administration was significantly higher for tumescent infiltration. The time for onset of action was significantly faster with femoral nerve block. The pain during harvest and the failure rates did not show any significant difference. We conclude that tumescent infiltration is more painful than femoral nerve block but equally effective as anesthesia with no difference in the failure and complication rates.
Efficacy of injections of phosphatidylcholine into fat deposits-a non-surgical alternative to liposuction in body-contouring
Authors: Heinrich Karl G 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTInjecting phosphatidylcholine has been used in South America as a non-surgical treatment in body contouring. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of injecting phosphatidylcholine in the reduction of localised fat deposits. 86 patients were included in the study. Patients received 1-3 treatments in localised fat deposits in various areas of the body using phosphatidylcholine. After treatment with phosphatidylcholine (250 mg / 5 ml), fat deposits show an average circumferential reduction per application of 2.70 cm. No patient showed irregularities, dimples or any serious side effect after treatment. Results remained stable during the time of follow up. All patients showed remarkable reductions of the fat deposits treated with phosphatidylcholine. Using the correct technique, injecting phosphatidylcholine may be a safe and efficacious alternative to liposuction in patients objecting to surgery.
Anthropometric analysis of lip-nose complex in Indian population
Authors: Khandekar B , Srinivasan S , Mokal N , Thatte M R 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTOne hundred normal individuals of different age groups from Mumbai (India) were included in this study. Various dimensions of lip-nose complex were measured. The results were compared with the available data for blacks, Caucasians and Chinese. In the population under study lip-nose complex measurements differ in all dimensions with blacks and Caucasians and show resemblance to the Chinese. The analysis of the data does not simply indicate the differences in the measurements but also points out change in growth patterns which will have a clinical significance.
Absence of musculocutaneous nerve and accessory head of biceps brachii: a case report
Authors: Arora L , Dhingra R 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTDuring dissection of a 55-year-old female cadaver, we observed that three nerve roots contributed to the formation of Median nerve in her right upper limb. Along with this variation, absence of Musculocutaneous nerve was noticed. The muscles of front of arm i.e. Biceps Brachii, Brachialis and Coracobrachialis received their nerve supply from Median nerve. The Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm was derived from Median nerve. Also an accessory head of Biceps Brachii muscle was present in the right arm of the same cadaver. It is extremely important to be aware of these variations while planning a surgery in the region of axilla or arm as these nerves are more liable to be injured during operations.
Blast injury lower face: An unusual and rare case
Authors: Soni A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIsolated blast injuries of the face are rare and injuries due to blasting of low voltage batteries in or near the mouth are even rarer. We present here a case of an 18 year old boy who suffered from extensive injury and tissue loss involving the lower half of the face due to blasting of a low voltage battery used in a flash light due to apparent shortcircuiting when the boy put the two short wires connected to a low voltage battery in his mouth in order to deinsulate them. This resulted in a blast leading to severe injuries and tissue loss which included the lower nose, upper lip, all teeth, both cheeks, floor of mouth tongue, chin, the maxilla and mandible.
Reconstruction in extensive axillary Hidradenitis suppurativa with local fasciocutaneous V-Y advancement flaps
Authors: Ramesh Kumar Sharma , Krishnan Mohan Kapoor , Gurpreet Singh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present our experience with the use of local fasciocutaneous V-Y advancement flaps in the reconstruction of 10 axillae in 6 patients for large defects following wide excision of long-standing Hidradenitis suppurativa of the axilla. The defects were closed with local V-Y subcutaneous island flaps. A single flap from the chest wall was sufficient for moderate defects. However, for larger defects, an additional flap was taken from the medial side of the ipsilateral arm. The donor defects could be closed primarily in all the patients. The local areas of the lateral chest wall and the medial side of the arm have a plentiful supply of cutaneous perforators and the flaps can be designed in a V-Y fashion without resorting to preoperative marking of the perforator. The flaps were freed sufficiently to allow adequate movement for closure of the defects. Although no attempt was made to identify the perforators specifically, many perforators were seen entering the flap. Some perforators can be safely divided to increase reach of the flap. All the flaps survived completely. A follow up of 2.5 years is presented.
Urethral advancement technique for repair of distal penile hypospadias: A revisit
Authors: Mohamed M.S Awad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Numerous ingenious methods have been described to repair hypospadias with variable results. The anterior urethral advancement technique reported by Chang[1] to repair distal hypospadias has shown encouraging results. We have reevaluated this technique with some modifications to improve its results.Materials and Methods: This study was done on 72 patients, 19 cases with glanular hypospadias, 20 cases with coronal hypospadias, 22 cases of subcoronal hypospadias,and 11 cases with anterior penile hypospadias in the period between September 1999 and October 2003. The patients′ age ranged from two years to twenty five years (median age 5.6) years. All the patients were operated using Chang′s technique with our modifications. Results: There were no major complications in any of our patients, no postoperative fistulae or urethral stricture. Three patients had meatal stenosis and preputial edema occurred in 83.3% in non-circumcised patients.Conclusion: Modifications of the anterior advancement technique has produced excellent Results. It is easy to do and learn and also offers good cosmetic and functional results.
A scanning electron microscopic evaluation of microsurgical anastomosis by conventional end to end and end to end anastomosis using “temporary stent” technique: An experimental study
Authors: Suresh M. Chaware , Bhatnagar S K , Singh A K 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground: The art of microvascular repair progressed slowly over a century after Carrel′s original description of ′vascular repair′ in 1902. Reports of the successful repair of vessels smaller than one mm in diameter are currently commonplace. However, the art of microvascular surgery has not yet been perfected, as evidenced by frequent reports of clinical failure. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of a ′temporary stent′ on the patency rates of vessels and to study the vascular endothelium under electron microscope to determine the changes caused by both conventional and the experimental technique. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of two distinct arms. In the first part (27 rats) we studied the effect of temporary stenting on end to end anastomosis vis a vis its patency rates. While in the second part (30 rats) the same experiment was performed with a view to examine the anastomosis under electron microscope at different time frames to study the state of the endothelium in the vessel lumen at the site of anastomosis and also along the length of the vessel up to the point where clamps were applied. Results: In our study conventional end-to-end microvascular anastomoses had late patency rate of 70.37%. While end-to-end microvascular anastomoses using temporary stent had patency rate of 92.59%. On electron microscopic study, it was observed that, the endothelial damage was less in the stented group. Conclusion: Stent technique produces lesser degree of trauma to the vessel and no serious complications compared to the conventional dilatation and manipulation with vessel dilator.
A rare variation of the biceps brachi muscle
Authors: Paval J , Mathew J G 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiceps brachii muscle is very variable. Biceps may be composed of one to five heads. Although the variations in the origin are plenty, there are a very few cases reported on the variations in the insertion of the biceps brachii muscle. In this report we present a variant biceps brachii muscle which gives an abnormal muscle fasciculus from its medial side which continues as a narrow tendinous slip and is inserted in to the medial supracondylar ridge of humerus. We discuss in this report, the possible median nerve entrapment due to the presence of such a variation.
Penile tourniquet injury due to a coil of hair
Authors: Chaware Suresh M , Gajbhiye Raj , Singh A K 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPenile strangulation caused by a coil of hair is frequently an unrecognized clinical entity with several potential complications, such as necrosis of glans penis, urethrocutaneous fistulae and partial or complete amputation of the glans. We report on a 7 year old boy with a tourniquet injury to the penis secondary to strands of hair being tied around the glans at the level of the corona.
Reducing Interruptive Alert Burden Using Quality Improvement Methodology
Authors: Chaparro Juan D. , Hussain Cory , Lee Jennifer A. , Hehmeyer Jessica , Nguyen Manjusri , Hoffman Jeffrey 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Increased adoption of electronic health records (EHR) with integrated clinical decision support (CDS) systems has reduced some sources of error but has led to unintended consequences including alert fatigue. The “pop-up” or interruptive alert is often employed as it requires providers to acknowledge receipt of an alert by taking an action despite the potential negative effects of workflow interruption. We noted a persistent upward trend of interruptive alerts at our institution and increasing requests for new interruptive alerts.
Objectives Using Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) quality improvement (QI) methodology, the primary objective was to reduce the total volume of interruptive alerts received by providers.
Methods We created an interactive dashboard for baseline alert data and to monitor frequency and outcomes of alerts as well as to prioritize interventions. A key driver diagram was developed with a specific aim to decrease the number of interruptive alerts from a baseline of 7,250 to 4,700 per week (35%) over 6 months. Interventions focused on the following key drivers: appropriate alert display within workflow, clear alert content, alert governance and standardization, user feedback regarding overrides, and respect for user knowledge.
Results A total of 25 unique alerts accounted for 90% of the total interruptive alert volume. By focusing on these 25 alerts, we reduced interruptive alerts from 7,250 to 4,400 per week.
Conclusion Systematic and structured improvements to interruptive alerts can lead to overall reduced interruptive alert burden. Using QI methods to prioritize our interventions allowed us to maximize our impact. Further evaluation should be done on the effects of reduced interruptive alerts on patient care outcomes, usability heuristics on cognitive burden, and direct feedback mechanisms on alert utility.
What are speakers doing when they pretend to be uncertain?
Authors: Zhou Yan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates conversational actions accomplished by a knowing speaker who takes a non-committal epistemic stance using epistemic adverbs expressing uncertainty in Mandarin conversations. This study finds that adverbs of uncertainty such askeneng,yexu,anddagai, are used predominantly by knowing speakers, rather than unknowing speakers in Mandarin conversations. Moreover, most of these epistemically incongruent cases occur in sequence-initiating actions. Three most common practices are announcements involved in a request project, announcements of self-related positive news, and advice-giving actions. Adverbs of uncertainty are less frequently used by knowing speakers to take a non-committal stance in the sequence-responsive actions. A common practice observed is responses to information-seeking questions that have negative valence. Adverbs of uncertainty are adopted by knowing speakers to minimize disaffiliation caused by these dispreferred actions such as requests, self-praising of accomplishments, advice-giving, and informing with negative valence.
Enhancement of fiber-matrix interface of recycled cotton fibers reinforced epoxy composite for improved mechanical properties
Authors: Baccouch Wafa , Ghith Adel , Yalcin-Enis Ipek , Sezgin Hande , Miled Wafa , Legrand Xavier , Faten Fayala 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to enhance the fiber-matrix interface of cotton waste reinforced composite panels by a specific chemical treatment. For this purpose, cotton fibers are treated in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with three different concentrations (0.5 M, 1 M, and 1.5 M) and three different soaking times combinations (1 h, 3 h, and 5 h). Mechanical evaluation of treated and untreated reinforcements and composite panels are characterized using tensile test whereas the chemistries of fiber reinforcements are investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and the fiber-matrix interactions are morphologically examined using scanning electron microscopy. Results indicate a remarkable enhancement in mechanical properties of composites via improving the interfacial adhesion and compatibility between fiber and matrix with a significant increase of Young modulus up to 270% for reinforcements and to 70% for composite materials compared to untreated materials.
Microstructure-based modeling of IMC layer thickness effect on tensile behavior of Cu/Al clad strip
Authors: Sun Tao , Song Hong-wu , Hua Fu-an , Li Jian-ping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A microstructure-based model is proposed for quantitative estimation of tensile mechanical property of Cu/Al clad strips. In the proposed model, the fracture criterion for matrix Cu and Al, interface intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and interface between matrix and IMCs are established and incorporated. The effect of IMCs thickness and strip thickness on tensile behavior of Cu/Al strip was studied quantitatively using the proposed model. And a new dimensionless parameter w/t is also proposed to be a control index for tensile mechanical property of Cu/Al clad strips. And a critical value of w/t which is defined to be 0.025 in this study is found to be important in controlling mechanical property of Cu/Al strip with a thickness less than 0.5 mm. The potential application of the proposed model and parameter is also discussed for annealing process optimization and mechanical property control of 0.12 mm thick Cu/Al clad strips.
Study of TiO2, SnO2 and nanocomposites TiO2:SnO2 thin films prepared by sol-gel method: Successful elaboration of variable–refractive index systems
Authors: Medjaldi F , Bouabellou A , Bouachiba Y , Taabouche A , Bouatia K , Serrar H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this research TiO2, SnO2 and TiO2:SnO2 nanocomposite thin films were fabricated by the sol–gel dip coating technique. The mixture was prepared by varying the molar ratio of SnO2 to TiO2, i.e. TiO2:SnO2 (9:1), TiO2:SnO2 (8:2) and TiO2:SnO2 (6:4)). The obtained samples were characterized by means of the Raman microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis spectrophotometry and m-lines spectroscopy (Prism coupler). Raman analysis shows that pure TiO2 and SnO2 thin films are characterized by the vibrational modes of anatase and rutile cassiterite, respectively. Furthermore, the Raman spectra of the TiO2:SnO2 nanocomposites show the presence of a mixture of anatase and rutile TiO2 phases. The SEM images reveal that the morphology is clearly modified with SnO2 content. The ripples in the transmittance spectra decreased with increasing SnO2 content. Also, the evolution of the optical band gap seems to be consistent with the Raman analysis. A great attention has been paid to the refractive index measurements by the prism coupler technique. In this way, variable–refractive index systems have been successfully obtained using TiO2:SnO2 nanocomposite thin films.
Sustained released Metformin microparticles for better management of type II diabetes mellitus: in-vitro studies
Authors: Raza Hina , Javeria Sadaf , Rashid Zermina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This work investigates Ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) microparticles for prolonged delivery of Metformin HCl.The microparticles were synthesised by emulsion solvent evaporation technique; characterized for encapsulation efficiency, particle size, flow properties, surface morphology, FTIR, PXRD and drug release pattern; and investigated for the effect of formulation parameters like EC:PEG ratio, drug to polymers ratio and stirring speed on various properties of the microparticles. The drug entrapment efficiency, percent yield, particle size and drug release behaviour were found to be influenced by various formulation parameters.SEM images and size analysis confirmed formation of spherical shaped microparticles, with slightly rough surface and good flowability. FTIR revealed absence of any drug-polymer interaction and PXRD confirmed the molecular dispersion of drug with in microparticles. All the formulations showed sustained drug release pattern at pH 6.8, up to 91.34% ±1.68 metformin was released in 12 h with fickian diffusion mechanism. The designed microparticles could possibly be advantageous in terms of prolonged release, to achieve reduced dose frequency and improved patient compliance.
Direct writing of PVDF piezoelectric film based on near electric field added by [Emim]BF4
Authors: Liao Linchen , Chen Caifeng , Qian Jilong , Zhang Youming , Zhang Ruifang , Zhu Jiaguang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
PVDF/IL piezoelectric film based on [Emim]BF4-added was prepared by near electric field direct writing. The β-phase content and its electric property of the film were analyzed. The results showed that the content of β crystal phase of PVDF film was improved by the synergistic effect of IL ([Emim]BF4) and near electric field. When the amount of [Emim]BF4 added was 1.5 wt%, the relative β-phase content of PVDF film reached 85.09%, and the crystallinity is 47.84%. Increase in [Emim]BF4 content resulted in a significant increase in the relative dielectric constant of the film, from 6 to 285, but also accompanied by a sharp increase in dielectric loss. The d33 value of the film can be as high as −10 pC/N, and the output voltage from the cantilever beam vibration feedback indicates that the voltage strength of the [Emim]BF4-added film is greatly improved compared with the pure PVDF film.
Impact and indenting damage of CVD-produced ZnS and ZnSe ceramics
Authors: Chmel Alexandre , Dunaev Anatolij , Sinani Alfred , Shcherbakov Igor’ 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Time series of acoustic emission pulses were excited in ductile ZnS and ZnSe ceramics either by a falling weight or by indenting the Vickers pyramid. Energy distributions in emitted acoustical emission pulses were found to be random (Poisson-like) in the events of short (0.3–0.5 ms) impact forcing. In the case of the gradual (∼1 s) indenting, the energy distributions followed a power law typical for the self-similar structures appearing through long-range interactions between nucleating microcracks (scaling). In ductile materials, the rate of straining governs the dislocation motion. Provided enough loading time, such as in indenting experiments, the sliding dislocations form bunches, which serve as weak points for the crack nucleation. Given a tend to self-organizing in the ensemble of dislocations, the energy release in impeded cracking process (i. e. indenting) exhibits statistically ordered behavior.
Electromagnetic wave absorption performance of Ni doped Cu-ferrite nanocrystals
Authors: Saleem Adil , Zhang Yujun , Gong Hongyu , Majeed Muhammad K , Lin Xiao , Hussain M Muzammal , Ashfaq M Zeeshan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
NixCu1−xFe2O4 nanocrystals were prepared by co-precipitation technique to study the electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption properties. The XRD and SEM results confirm the formation of single-phase cubic spinel structure and reveal that the crystallite size decreases with the addition of Ni content. The vibrating sample magnetometer results showed that the as-prepared material was soft magnetic and have potential applications in magnetic storage technology and field sensors. The dielectric parameters and EM wave absorption characteristics of NixCu1−xFe2O4 nanocrystals were studied in the frequency range of 1-18GHz using a vector network analyzer. The permittivity, impedance matching, and EM wave absorption of the materials are significantly improved with the increase in Ni content. The lowest value of reflection loss (RL) is observed −22.8 dB at 16.09 GHz (RL ≤ −10dB, absorption >90%), showing an optimal EM wave absorption performance, which might generate from the synergistic effect between relative permittivity and permeability.