bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test‐retest reliability of a self‐reported physical activity environment instrument for use in rural settings
Authors: Cleland Verity , Timperio Anna , Sharman Melanie J. , Dollman James 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about how the physical environment impacts physical activity behaviour among rural populations, who are typically less active and at higher risk of chronic disease than urban dwellers. The lack of individual‐level instruments to assess the physical environment in rural areas limits advancement of this field. Among rural adults, this study aimed to evaluate (a) the test‐retest reliability of a self‐reported questionnaire of individual‐level perceptions of the physical activity environment, and (b) the stability of a self‐reported physical activity questionnaire.DesignCross‐sectional questionnaire repeated twice, 2 weeks apart. The questionnaire included 94 items relating to the perceived physical environment (representing nine summary scores), demographic characteristics and physical activity.SettingRural Australia.ParticipantsRurally residing adults (≥18 years) across three Australian states.Main outcome measuresTest‐retest reliability evaluated by weighted Kappa statistics (individual items) and intra‐class correlations (summary scores).ResultsA total of 292 participants (20% men) completed both questionnaires, on average 22 days apart. Test‐retest reliability of individual items ranged from weighted Kappa 0.37‐0.85 (median: 0.59). Internal reliability for five summary scores was good to excellent (Cronbach's alpha: 0.81‐0.97). Test‐retest reliability was good to excellent for six summary scores (intra‐class correlations: 0.67‐0.77).ConclusionsThe findings indicated good to excellent test‐retest reliability for most items, particularly “fixed” constructs for this new questionnaire measuring the perceived physical environment in rural populations. This study represents an important step towards improving measurement of physical activity environments in rural populations, potentially leading to better tailored interventions to promote active and healthy living in rural areas.
Promoting positive development: Coaches as trainers in sports‐based resilience programs
Authors: Varela Sharon M. , Hanrahan Stephanie J. , DeCano Policarpio , Cook Clayton R. , Barrett Paula M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of a train‐the‐trainer model for sporting coaches delivering a youth sports–based resilience program.DesignA quasi‐experimental design was applied, with a pre‐post comparison, utilising purposive sampling to take advantage of an existing naturally formed group.Setting and ParticipantsA total of 11 coaches and 86 athletes involved in a community rowing program.Main outcome measure(s)Coaches responded to paper‐based measures of resilience and knowledge/attitudes pre‐ and post‐completion of a training workshop. Athletes responded to online measures of stress, efficacy and life satisfaction pre‐ and post‐completion of a resilience program.ResultsFollowing the completion of the train‐the‐trainer workshop, coaches reported significant increases in general knowledge and confidence in teaching resilience skills. Following the delivery of the resilience program, athlete self‐efficacy and satisfaction with life scores were significantly higher, with significant reductions in reported stress for athletes trained by the varsity‐level coaches.ConclusionThere is support for investing in a train‐the‐trainer model for the delivery of a resilience skills program within a sports context. Caution is given to investing in the training and support of the coaches, particularly coaches with less coaching experience. These results are consistent with previous research and demonstrate support for coach‐led resilience programs being effective in community settings, with implications for rural and remote locations.
Do the circulating Pre‐S/S quasispecies influence hepatitis B virus surface antigen levels in the HBeAg negative phase of HBV infection?
Authors: Cavallone Daniela , Ricco Gabriele , Oliveri Filippo , Colombatto Piero , Moriconi Francesco , Coco Barbara , Romagnoli Veronica , Salvati Antonio , Surace Lidia , Bonino Ferruccio , Brunetto Maurizia Rossana 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundVirus, host factors and their interplay influence Hepatitis B surface Antigen serum levels during Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection course and treatment.AimTo study the Pre‐S/S circulating quasispecies in a cohort of untreated, HBeAg negative, genotype‐D, HBsAg carriers.MethodsWe studied 260 carriers: 71 with HBeAg negative infection (ENI; HBV‐DNA ≤2000 IU/mL); 42 Grey Zone (GZ; HBV‐DNA ≤20 000 IU/mL); 82 chronic hepatitis (CH) and 65 cirrhosis (CI) (HBV‐DNA > 20 000 IU/mL). Population sequencing was applied to identify Pre‐S/S gene mutations responsible for any amino acid substitution or potential biological/antigenic implications (M‐muts) on HBsAg.ResultsHBsAg serum levels were lower in ENI + GZ than in CH + CI (2.61 [−1.10/4.06] vs 3.62 [2.41/4.92] log10IU/mL, P < 0.001) and in CI than CH (3.48 [2.41/4.38] vs 3.66 [2.57/4.92] log10 IU/mL, P < 0.001). M‐muts were found in 73 (28.1%) cases: 5 (7.0%) ENI, 3 (7.1%) GZ, 26 (31.7%) CH, 39 (60.0%) CI (P < 0.001) and mostly in Pre‐S2 (17.6%) than Pre‐S1 (5.8%) and Small‐S (10.8%; P < 0.001). Overall HBsAg serum levels were higher in carriers with M‐muts (3.56 [0.95/4.38] vs 3.17 [−1.10/4.92] log10 IU/mL, P < 0.001), but comparable in carriers with or without M‐mut when considering separately ENI + GZ (2.84 [0.95/3.89] vs 2.61 [−1.10/4.06] log10IU/mL, P = 0.330] and CH + CI (3.57 [2.67/4.38] vs 3.63 [2.41/4.92] log10IU/mL, P = 0.37). Infection phase (β: 0.422, P < 0.001), age (β: −0.260, P < 0.001), ALT (β: −0.103, P = 0.045), liver stiffness (β: −0.118, P = 0.039) and HBV‐DNA (β: 0.384, P < 0.001), but not M‐mut were independently associated with HBsAg serum levels.ConclusionsIn HBeAg negative, genotype‐D, carriers Pre‐S/S heterogeneity increases with severity of liver disease, but does not influence HBsAg serum levels, that in low viraemic carriers are associated with an effective control of HBV.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at the first remission for younger adults with FLT3‐internal tandem duplication AML: The JALSG AML209‐FLT3‐SCT study
Authors: Kawashima Naomi , Ishikawa Yuichi , Atsuta Yoshiko , Sawa Masashi , Ozawa Yukiyasu , Hayashi Masaki , Kohno Akio , Tomita Akihiro , Maeda Tomoya , Sakaida Emiko , Usuki Kensuke , Hagihara Maki , Kanamori Heiwa , Matsuoka Hiroshi , Kobayashi Miki , Asou Norio , Ohtake Shigeki , Matsumura Itaru , Miyazaki Yasushi , Naoe Tomoki , Kiyoi Hitoshi ,   for the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group (JALSG)
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this phase II multicenter study (JALSG AML209‐FLT3‐SCT), we aimed to prospectively elucidate the role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) at first complete remission (CR1) for FLT3‐internal tandem duplication (ITD)‐positive AML. Newly diagnosed de novo AML patients with FLT3‐ITD were enrolled at the achievement of CR1 and received allo‐HSCT as soon as possible after the first consolidation therapy. Mutations of 57 genes in AML cells at diagnosis were also analyzed. Among 48 eligible patients with a median age of 38.5 (17‐49) years, 36 (75%) received allo‐HSCT at a median of 108 days after CR1. The median follow‐up was 1726 days. The primary end‐point, 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) based on an intent to treat analysis, was 43.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30%‐57%), suggesting the efficacy of this treatment because the lower limit of the 95% CI exceeded the threshold response rate of 20%. The 3‐year overall survival, post‐transplant DFS, and non‐relapse mortality rates were 54.2% (95% CI, 39%‐67%), 58.3% (95% CI, 41%‐72%), and 25.0% (95% CI, 12%‐40%), respectively. The median ITD allelic ratio (AR) was 0.344 (0.006‐4.099). Neither FLT3‐ITD AR nor cooccurring genetic alterations was associated with a poor DFS. This prospective study indicated the efficacy and safety of allo‐HSCT for FLT3‐ITD AML patients in CR1. This study was registered at: www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ as #UMIN000003433.
Dysregulation in nucleic acid‐sensing pathway genes is associated with cancer patients’ prognosis
Authors: Yan‐Fei Huo , Han Yang , Yan‐Ting Zhou , Hui Yang , Yu‐Qing Yu , Ipsita Panda , Hui‐Ying He , Wei‐Gang Fang , Xin‐Xia Tian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe innate immune system, the first line of defense against pathogens, is activated by nucleic acids from microbial invaders that are recognized by nucleic acid‐sensing receptors. Recent evidence affirms the ability of these receptors to respond to nucleic acids released by damaged cancer cells. The innate immune system is also involved in cancer immunosurveillance, and could be modulated for devising effective antitumor therapies by targeting nucleic acid‐sensing pathways. A systematic, comprehensive analysis of dysregulation in nucleic acid‐sensing pathways in cancer is required to fully understand its role. Based on multidimensional data of The Cancer Genome Atlas pan‐cancer cohort, we revealed that upregulation of cytosolic DNA‐sensing genes like AIM2 and CGAS was common in tumor tissues. We used 15 genes in the nucleic acid‐sensing pathway to cluster all tumor patients into 2 subgroups and found that the subgroup with higher expression of nucleic acid‐sensing pathway genes was associated with poorer prognosis across cancer types. However, in homologous recombination deficient patients, the nucleic acid recognition activated subgroup was associated with better prognosis, which confirms the therapeutic effect of nucleic acid recognition. This study contributes to a better understanding of the functions and mechanisms of nucleic acid recognition in cancer, lays the foundation for new therapeutic strategies, and enlarges the scope of development of new drugs.
Adult height after gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist treatment in girls with early puberty: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Park Hong Kyu , Choo Min Soo , Shim Young Suk 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis analysis of previously published reports was performed to examine the effects of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist treatment on adult height and the factors associated with adult height outcomes.ContextGnRH agonists are first‐line agents in the treatment of precocious puberty. However, studies regarding the treatment effect on subjects with early puberty have reported inconsistent results.DesignA total of 14 studies identified from a search of electronic databases (AMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE and RISS) were included. Controlled studies with girls who developed puberty before 10 years of age and measurements of the adult heights of the subjects were selected. Studies using only long‐acting GnRH agonists to suppress puberty were included. Adult height, duration of the treatment, age at the start of treatment and bone age advancement were analysed.ResultsThe mean age of the subjects ranged from 6.3 to 9.0 years. The meta‐analysis showed a pooled mean difference in adult height of 3.2 cm and a 95% confidence interval of 1.3‐5.1 cm. The height difference between the treated subjects and controls was significantly associated with the duration of treatment (P = .005) rather than the age at the start of treatment (P = .084) or the difference between bone age and chronological age (P = .427).ConclusionsAdministration of GnRH agonists in girls who develop early puberty and demonstrate advanced bone age may be effective for increasing adult height, especially if a sufficiently long treatment duration can be achieved.
Role of exosomal microRNAs in lung cancer biology and clinical applications
Authors: Hu Chengping , Meiners Silke , Lukas Christina , Stathopoulos Georgios T. , Chen Jie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExosomes, small extracellular vesicles ranging from 30 to 150 nm, are secreted by various cell types, including tumour cells. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified to be encapsulated and hence protected from degradation within exosomes. These exosomal miRNAs can be horizontally transferred to target cells, in which they subsequently modulate biological processes. Increasing evidence indicates that exosomal miRNAs play a critical role in modifying the microenvironment of lung cancers, possibly facilitating progression, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the novel findings on exosomal miRNA functions during lung cancer initiation and progression. In addition, we highlight their potential role and challenges as biomarkers in lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis and drug resistance and as therapeutic agents.
Thiamidol containing treatment regimens in facial hyperpigmentation: An international multi‐centre approach consisting of a double‐blind, controlled, split‐face study and of an open‐label, real‐world study
Authors: Philipp‐Dormston W. G. , Vila Echagüe A. , Pérez Damonte S. H. , Riedel J. , Filbry A. , Warnke K. , Lofrano C. , Roggenkamp D. , Nippel G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTyrosinase is the rate‐limiting enzyme in melanogenesis. Thiamidol is the most potent inhibitor of human tyrosinase out of 50 000 tested compounds. In clinical studies, it was shown to improve facial hyperpigmentation, post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation and age spots significantly. To identify the optimal number of daily Thiamidol applications, we conducted a split‐face study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of four‐times with two‐times daily application. Subsequently, we evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a typical face care regimen containing Thiamidol in a real‐world study.MethodsThe split‐face study was double‐blind, randomized, controlled, including two Thiamidol containing products (serum and day care SPF 30). The serum was applied twice daily on one half of the face and the day care SPF30 twice‐daily on the whole face. The real‐world study was open‐label, observational, including three Thiamidol containing products (day care SPF 30 in the morning, serum and night care in the evening). In both studies, subjects with mild‐to‐moderate facial hyperpigmentation applied the products over 12 weeks. Assessments included clinical and subjective grading of hyperpigmentation, skin condition, hemi‐/modified MASI, chromameter and clinical photography.ResultsIn the split‐face study (n = 34), hyperpigmentation, skin roughness and hMASI improved all significantly (P < 0.001) versus baseline, with first visible results after two weeks of twice‐daily application. The four‐times daily application led to significant improvement versus the two‐times daily application. In the real‐world study (n = 83), all evaluated parameters, including skin condition and chromametry (n = 30), improved significantly (P < 0.001) in comparison with baseline and the corresponding preceding visits. The subjects judged the cosmetic properties of the products positively. In both studies, the products were well tolerated.ConclusionFour‐times daily Thiamidol improves facial hyperpigmentation significantly more than two‐times daily and is well tolerated by the subjects. The real‐world study with a typical face care regimen containing Thiamidol shows improvement of facial hyperpigmentation and confirms tolerability. Furthermore, the data provide evidence for the suitability of this three‐product Thiamidol regimen for day‐to‐day life.
Purification and characterisation of α‐glucosidase inhibitory peptides from defatted camellia seed cake
Authors: Feng Jun , Ma Yi‐Long , Sun Ping , Thakur Kiran , Wang Shaoyun , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Wei Zhao‐Jun 
Published: May 2020

SummaryEnzymatically derived peptides from different proteins have displayed the potential to provide health benefits. Present research aims to obtain the functional peptides and improve the economic value of camellia seed cake via enzymatic hydrolysis. Camellia seed cake protein hydrolysates (CSCPH) prepared with alcalase demonstrated higher α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity. After ultrafiltration, the α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of different components was compared. The component (CSCPH‐IV) with the highest activity was selected for further separation and purification. The peptides were purified using reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) twice and identified as GHSLESIK, GLTSLDRYK and SPGYYDGR by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Subsequently, the preliminarily inhibitory effect of these peptides on α‐glucosidase activity was demonstrated by the molecular docking model. These results showed that three novel peptides isolated from the hydrolysates of camellia seed cake have the potential to be used as anti‐diabetic compounds for the development of functional foods.
Comparison of lignans and phenolic acids in different varieties of germinated flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Authors: Wu Yixin , Wang Hong , Wang Yufu , Brennan Charles Stephen , Anne Brennan Margaret , Qiu Caisheng , Guo Xinbo 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe study aimed to evaluate the biosynthesis and accumulation of lignans, phenolic acids and also the antioxidant activities in 15 varieties of flax sprouts. The differential contents of lignans (13.30–8987 μg g−1) and phenolic acids (72.55–597.1 μg g−1) among 15 varieties of flax sprouts were observed. The total antioxidant activities ranged from 147.2 to 332.8 μmol TE g−1 in the flax sprouts. The expression levels of five genes in the lignin synthetic pathway were analysed using RT‐qPCR, and the results showed dramatical differences among different flax sprouts. Relatively dispersed analysis was showed by principal component analysis (PCA), and 15 flax sprouts were grouped by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) based on their phenolic acids, lignan compounds, length, gene expression and antioxidants after germination, primarily in relation to variety specificity. Present results would be instructive guidance for bio‐fortification breeding and functional foods innovation in flaxseeds.
Prediction of serious RSV‐related outcomes in older adults with outpatient RSV respiratory illness during 12 consecutive seasons
Authors: Kieke Burney A. , Belongia Edward A. , McClure David L. , Shinde Vivek 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe developed and evaluated a model to predict serious outcomes among 243 adults ≥60 years old with medically attended respiratory illness and laboratory‐confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); 47 patients had a serious outcome defined as hospital admission, emergency department (ED) visit, or pneumonia diagnosis. The model used logistic regression with penalized maximum likelihood estimation. The reduced penalized model included age ≥ 75 years, ≥1 ED visit in prior year, crackles/rales, tachypnea, wheezing, new/increased sputum, and new/increased dyspnea. The optimal score cutoff yielded sensitivity and specificity of 66.0% and 81.6%. This prediction model provided moderate utility for identifying older adults with elevated risk of complicated RSV illness.
Cost‐effectiveness of multi‐layered silicone foam dressings for prevention of sacral and heel pressure ulcers in high‐risk intensive care unit patients: An economic analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: El Genedy Monira , Hahnel Elisabeth , Tomova‐Simitchieva Tsenka , Padula William V. , Hauß Armin , Löber Nils , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike , Kottner Jan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPressure ulcer incidence is high in intensive care units. This causes a serious financial burden to healthcare systems. We evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of multi‐layered silicone foam dressings for prevention of sacral and heel pressure ulcers in addition to standard prevention in high‐risk intensive care units patients. A randomised controlled trial to assess the efficacy of multi‐layered silicone foam dressings to prevent the development of pressure ulcers on heels and sacrum among 422 intensive care unit patients was conducted. Direct costs for preventive dressings in the intervention group and costs for treatment of incident pressure ulcers in both groups were measured using a bottom‐up approach. A cost‐effectiveness analysis by calculating the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio using different assumptions was performed. Additional dressing and labour costs of €150.81 (€116.45 heels; €34.36 sacrum) per patient occurred in the intervention group. Treatment costs were €569.49 in the control group and €134.88 in the intervention group. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was €1945.30 per PU avoided (€8144.72 on heels; €701.54 sacrum) in the intervention group. We conclude that application of preventive dressings is cost‐effective for the sacral area, but only marginal on heels for critically ill patients.
The predictive validities of individual working‐memory capacity profiles and note‐taking strategies on online search performance
Authors: Wu Jiun‐Yu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOnline search involves multitasking and may demand better working‐memory capacities (WMC) and additional cognitive aids. Given the constraints of human cognition, we tested the effectiveness of note‐taking strategies on university students' online search performance. Also examined were the profile configurations of WMC tests in silence and in irrelevant speech as well as its interaction effects with note‐taking strategies on online search performance. Among the participants of 60 university students, we found a four‐group WMC profile composition that differed significantly across WMC scores in both silence and irrelevant speech. Results showed that WMC profiles, note‐taking groups and their interaction effect were significant factors on online search performance. Both Free Note and Matrix Note were beneficial for the students in low silent WMC profile groups. Study results have both theoretical and practical implications, advancing our understanding of the interrelationship of WMC under different conditions and informing instructional practice of online search performance.
Retracted: Examining students' learning, perceived learning and motivation in social annotation‐based translation activities
Authors: Gao Fei , Zhao Na , Li Xiumei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine how a collaborative social annotation tool can be used to support collaborative learning in translation instruction for EFL students. Participants were 100 undergraduate students who were English majors in a southeast university in China. An experiment with crossover design was carried out to examine the participants' learning and motivation in the social annotation‐supported condition and the traditional instruction condition. The results showed that students received higher scores on their translation work and rated their perceived learning higher when they completed the translation assignments in the social annotation‐support condition than in the traditional instruction condition. In addition, participants reported that they were more motivated when they completed the translation assignments in the social annotation‐supported condition, though participants with different levels of language proficiency might be motivated by different reasons.