bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of a novel diagnostic PCR for Madurella mycetomatis using a comparative genome approach
Authors: Lim Wilson , Siddig Emmanuel , Eadie Kimberly , Nyuykonge Bertrand , Ahmed Sarah , Fahal Ahmed , Verbon Annelies , Smit Sandra , van de Sande Wendy WJ 
Published: December 2020

Background
Eumycetoma is a neglected tropical disease most commonly caused by the fungus Madurella mycetomatis. Identification of eumycetoma causative agents can only be reliably performed by molecular identification, most commonly by species-specific PCR. The current M. mycetomatis specific PCR primers were recently discovered to cross-react with Madurella pseudomycetomatis. Here, we used a comparative genome approach to develop a new M. mycetomatis specific PCR for species identification.

Methodology
Predicted-protein coding sequences unique to M. mycetomatis were first identified in BLASTCLUST based on E-value, size and presence of orthologues. Primers were then developed for 16 unique sequences and evaluated against 60 M. mycetomatis isolates and other eumycetoma causing agents including the Madurella sibling species. Out of the 16, only one was found to be specific to M. mycetomatis.

Conclusion
We have discovered a predicted-protein coding sequence unique to M. mycetomatis and have developed a new species-specific PCR to be used as a novel diagnostic marker for M. mycetomatis.
Multi-locus genotyping reveals established endemicity of a geographically distinct Plasmodium vivax population in Mauritania, West Africa
Authors: Ba Hampate , Auburn Sarah , Jacob Christopher G. , Goncalves Sonia , Duffy Craig W. , Stewart Lindsay B. , Price Ric N. , Deh Yacine Boubou , Diallo Mamadou Yero , Tandia Abderahmane , Kwiatkowski Dominic P. , Conway David J. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Plasmodium vivax has been recently discovered as a significant cause of malaria in Mauritania, although very rare elsewhere in West Africa. It has not been known if this is a recently introduced or locally remnant parasite population, nor whether the genetic structure reflects epidemic or endemic transmission.

Methodology/Principal findings
To investigate the P. vivax population genetic structure in Mauritania and compare with populations previously analysed elsewhere, multi-locus genotyping was undertaken on 100 clinical isolates, using a genome-wide panel of 38 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), plus seven SNPs in drug resistance genes. The Mauritanian P. vivax population is shown to be genetically diverse and divergent from populations elsewhere, indicated consistently by genetic distance matrix analysis, principal components analyses, and fixation indices. Only one isolate had a genotype clearly indicating recent importation, from a southeast Asian source. There was no linkage disequilibrium in the local parasite population, and only a small number of infections appeared to be closely genetically related, indicating that there is ongoing genetic recombination consistent with endemic transmission. The P. vivax diversity in a remote mining town was similar to that in the capital Nouakchott, with no indication of local substructure or of epidemic population structure. Drug resistance alleles were virtually absent in Mauritania, in contrast with P. vivax in other areas of the world.

Conclusions/Significance
The molecular epidemiology indicates that there is long-standing endemic transmission that will be very challenging to eliminate. The virtual absence of drug resistance alleles suggests that most infections have been untreated, and that this endemic infection has been more neglected in comparison to P. vivax elsewhere.
The accuracy of healthcare worker versus self collected (2-in-1) Oropharyngeal and Bilateral Mid-Turbinate (OPMT) swabs and saliva samples for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tan Seow Yen , Tey Hong Liang , Lim Ernest Tian Hong , Toh Song Tar , Chan Yiong Huak , Tan Pei Ting , Lee Sing Ai , Tan Cheryl Xiaotong , Koh Gerald Choon Huat , Tan Thean Yen , Siau Chuin 
Published: December 2020

Background
Self-sampling for SARS-CoV-2 would significantly raise testing capacity and reduce healthcare worker (HCW) exposure to infectious droplets personal, and protective equipment (PPE) use.

Methods
We conducted a diagnostic accuracy study where subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (n = 401) and healthy volunteers (n = 100) were asked to self-swab from their oropharynx and mid-turbinate (OPMT), and self-collect saliva. The results of these samples were compared to an OPMT performed by a HCW in the same patient at the same session.

Results
In subjects confirmed to have COVID-19, the sensitivities of the HCW-swab, self-swab, saliva, and combined self-swab plus saliva samples were 82.8%, 75.1%, 74.3% and 86.5% respectively. All samples obtained from healthy volunteers were tested negative. Compared to HCW-swab, the sensitivities of a self-swab sample and saliva sample were inferior by 8.7% (95%CI: 2.4% to 15.0%, p = 0.006) and 9.5% (95%CI: 3.1% to 15.8%, p = 0.003) respectively. The combined detection rate of self-swab and saliva had a sensitivity of 2.7% (95%CI: -2.6% to 8.0%, p = 0.321). The sensitivity of both the self-collection methods are higher when the Ct value of the HCW swab is less than 30. The specificity of both the self-swab and saliva testing was 100% (95% CI 96.4% to 100%).

Conclusion
Our study provides evidence that sensitivities of self-collected OPMT swab and saliva samples were inferior to a HCW swab, but they could still be useful testing tools in the appropriate clinical settings.
Seahenge: A Journey, Kevin Crossley-Holland and Andrew Rafferty (2019)
Authors: Davies Grahame 
Published: December 2020

Review of: Seahenge: A Journey, Kevin Crossley-Holland and Andrew Rafferty (2019)
Hemel Hempstead: Kailpot Press, 64 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-95568-604-7, h/bk, £14.99
El derecho sucesorio a cinco años de vigencia del nuevo Código
Authors: Ferrer Francisco A. M. 
Published: December 2020

A cinco años de la vigencia del nuevo Código Civil y Comercial, y en relación al derecho hereditario, se hace un balance de sus aciertos, de sus innovaciones y del perfeccionamiento en algunos aspectos de la anterior normativa del Código derogado, como también se señalan deficiencias que deben ser corregidas por el legislador. Se concluye que el balance es positivo y que representa esta nueva regulación una nueva etapa de la evolución jurídica, y un progreso en la regula-ción del derecho hereditario argentino.
La quiebra y la extinción de los contratos: algunas reflexiones sobre la incidencia del Código Civil y Comercial
Authors: Moia Angel Luis 
Published: December 2020

A pesar de que el Código Civil y Comercial se gestó bajo la premisa de no modificar estatutos especiales de derecho privado, un rápido recorrido por sus nor-mas da cuenta de una gran cantidad de disposiciones que inciden, entre otras, en la ley concursal. En particular nos avocamos al análisis de las modificacionessobre quiebra como causal extintiva de los contratos. Se pasa revista a las previsiones específicas y sus asimetrías con respecto a la legislación específica. A su vez se individualizan algunas otras manifestaciones de replanteo en las reglas de tratamiento de la insolvencia contenidas en la normativa común.
Study of Environmental Carrying Capacity and Water Criticality Index Based on Availability Water in Balikpapan City
Authors: Harfadli Muhammad Ma'arij , Ulimaz Mega 
Published: December 2020

One of the priority problems in Balikpapan is the limited availability of raw water. This is due to the rapid growth of domestic and non-domestic activities in Balikpapan while the Manggar Reservoir as the main source of water supply is almost close to maximum capacity. The impact that will occur is a decrease in the environmental carrying capacity of Balikpapan. So it is necessary to predict when the availability of water in Balikpapan will reach a critical point. The method used in this study is to calculate the need and availability of water in Balikpapan, then calculate the ratio of water availability and demand to determine the carrying capacity and the water criticality index. The results of the calculation of the Environmental carrying capacity status in this study indicate that the water resources in Balikpapan from 2019 to 2029 are worth between 1-2 so that they are included in the conditional safe category. The calculation of the Water Critical Index shows that in 2019 and 2024 is approaching critical (50-70%). Meanwhile, in 2029 the water criticality index of Balikpapan will reach critical status (84%). So it is necessary to conserve water resources in Balikpapan.
A study on interpersonal meaning negotiated teacher-students classroom interaction in vocational high school
Authors: Tyas Ghita Aning , Widhiyanto Widhiyanto 
Published: December 2020

Interaction and teaching learning process are two things that cannot be separated. Interaction is a main point or component in communication. Communication skill has to be mastered by students including Vocational students because they need this skill as preparation for their professional work in the future. A good communication is when it has meaning in interaction. Halliday & Matthiessen, (2014) stated that there are three potential meanings, one of them are interpersonal meaning. This study was aimed to analyse interpersonal meaning between teacher and students in the eleventh grade of SMKN 2 Purwokerto and how it construct their role through various kinds of interaction. There were two activities in gathering the data of this study: observation and interview. In analyzing the data, the researcher used Mood system proposed by Halliday & Matthiessen (2004). Theory from Harmer (2001) and Johnson and Paulston (1976, cited in Richard and Rogers 1986) also used to analyze the role relationship between teacher and students. The findings showed that teacher and students produced three types of speech functions (Mood clause) besides Non-typical Mood Clause and Minor clause. In the class, both teacher and students applied different types of classroom interaction in which they took many roles. It can be concluded that teacher and students delivered various types of clause, classroom interaction, and roles during the teaching learning process.
Suicide Ideation and Attempts in a Pediatric Emergency Department Before and During COVID-19
Authors: Hill Ryan M. , Rufino Katrina , Kurian Sherin , Saxena Johanna , Saxena Kirti , Williams Laurel 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Elevated rates of mental health concerns have been identified during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this study, we sought to evaluate whether youth reported a greater frequency of suicide-related behaviors during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic as compared with 2019. We hypothesized that rates of suicide-related behaviors would be elevated between the months of March and July 2020 as compared with 2019, corresponding to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS:
Routine suicide-risk screening was completed with youth aged 11 to 21 in a pediatric emergency department. Electronic health records data for suicide-risk screens completed between January and July 2019 and January and July 2020 were evaluated. A total of 9092 completed screens were examined (mean age 14.72 years, 47.7% Hispanic and/or Latinx, 26.7% non-Hispanic white, 18.7% non-Hispanic Black).

RESULTS:
Rates of positive suicide-risk screen results from January to July 2020 were compared with corresponding rates from January to July 2019. Results indicated a significantly higher rate of suicide ideation in March and July 2020 and higher rates of suicide attempts in February, March, April, and July 2020 as compared with the same months in 2019.

CONCLUSIONS:
Rates of suicide ideation and attempts were higher during some months of 2020 as compared with 2019 but were not universally higher across this period. Months with significantly higher rates of suicide-related behaviors appear to correspond to times when COVID-19–related stressors and community responses were heightened, indicating that youth experienced elevated distress during these periods.
Effects of Probiotics in Preterm Infants: A Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Chi Cheng , Li Cheng , Buys Nicholas , Wang Wenjun , Yin Chenghong , Sun Jing 
Published: December 2020

CONTEXT:
Probiotics have proven to be effective in promoting premature infants’ health, but the optimal usage is unknown.

OBJECTIVE:
To compare probiotic supplements for premature infants.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and ProQuest from inception of these databases to June 1, 2020.

STUDY SELECTION:
Randomized trials of probiotic supplement intervention for preterm infants were screened by 2 reviewers independently. The primary outcomes were mortality and the morbidity of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Secondary outcomes were morbidity of sepsis, time to achieve full enteral feeding, and length of hospital stay.

DATA EXTRACTION:
The data of primary and secondary outcomes were extracted by 2 reviewers and pooled with a random-effects model.

RESULTS:
The meta-analysis included 45 trials with 12 320 participants. Bifidobacterium plus Lactobacillus was associated with lower rates of mortality (risk ratio 0.56; 95% credible interval 0.34–0.84) and NEC morbidity (0.47; 0.27–0.79) in comparison to the placebo; Lactobacillus plus prebiotic was associated with lower rates of NEC morbidity (0.06; 0.01–0.41) in comparison to the placebo; Bifidobacterium plus prebiotic had the highest probability of having the lowest rate of mortality (surface under the cumulative ranking curve 83.94%); and Lactobacillus plus prebiotic had the highest probability of having the lowest rate of NEC (surface under the cumulative ranking curve 95.62%).

LIMITATIONS:
In few studies did authors report the data of infants with a lower birth weight or gestational age.

CONCLUSIONS:
The efficacy of single probiotic supplements is limited, compared to combined use of probiotics. To achieve optimal effect on premature infant health, combined use of prebiotic and probiotic, especially Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium, is recommended.
Infección activa por sífilis en habitantes de calle y factores asociados
Authors: Palacios-Moya Lucia , Berbesi-Fernández Dedsy , Blandón-Buelvas Mario 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo Identificar los factores personales y sociodemográficos asociados a la infección por sífilis en habitantes de calle de la ciudad de Medellín, 2016.Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional, transversal, se encuestaron 145 habitantes de calle entre 18 y 59 años. Se incluyó el análisis univariado y bivariado; se utilizó la prueba chi-cuadrado (x2); razón de prevalencia, intervalos de confianza del 95% con nivel de significancia menor del 5%.Resultados Para el desarrollo de estudio, se aplicó una encuesta y una prueba serológica para sífilis (VDRL) a 145 habitantes de calle, de los cuales 64,1% eran hombres, la edad promedio fue de 42 años (DE 9,5), el estrato social predominante fue bajo (71%).La infección de sífilis en los habitantes fue de 27,6%. Quienes presentaron mayor riesgo de adquirir la infección fueron las mujeres (IC=1,57-4,57), los de estado civil soltero (0,71-2,80), quienes consumían basuco (IC=0,86-3,06) y quienes anteriormente habían sido diagnosticado con sífilis (IC=1,81-4,68).Conclusión En la población de habitantes de calle, la sífilis tiene una presencia mayor a la esperada y quienes tienen mayor disposición para adquirir la infección son las mujeres, las personas consumidoras, de estado civil soltero y que hayan adquirido la infección anteriormente, situación que sugiere un aumento y focalización de la promoción de salud y el fomento de la demanda inducida a los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva de la población, con un alto enfoque diferencial.
Az ibuprofén helye a koronavírus-fertőzés kezelésében
Authors: Sütő Gábor 
Published: December 2020

Összefoglaló. A koronavírus-fertőzés 2019 végén indult útjára,
lassan a Föld teljes lakosságát elérő pandémiaként. Egy olyan kórokozóról van
szó, amely ilyen nagy számú megbetegedést még nem okozott, ezért annak
természetes lefolyásáról, a szövődmények kialakulásáról és a kezelési
lehetőségekről még keveset tudunk. Ennek következtében a kezdetben megjelent
információk nagyon felületesek voltak, a következtetések nemritkán tévútra
vezették mind az orvosokat, mind a betegeket. Az adatok gyarapodásával azonban
egyre több kérdésre kapunk választ. Erre a folyamatra az egyik
legreprezentánsabb példa az ibuprofén története, amely kezdetben tiltott, később
tűrt terápiás szer volt, de ma már támogatott kezelési lehetőség a
koronavírus-fertőzésben. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(50): 2104–2106.
Summary. The coronavirus infection started in late 2019, as a
pandemic slowly reaching the entire population of the earth. This pathogen has
not yet caused such a large number of diseases, so little is known about its
natural course, the development of complications, and treatment options. As a
result, the information initially published was very superficial, and the
conclusions often misled both physicians and patients. As the data grows,
however, we get more and more questions answered. One of the most representative
examples of this process is the history of ibuprofen, which was initially
banned, thereafter tolerated, and is now a supported treatment option for
coronavirus infection. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(50): 2104–2106.
Twelve Symbolic Objects of Tangible/Intangible Culture
Authors: De Laiglesia González Juan Fernando 
Published: December 2020

Design as Cultural Heritage is a 2018 European proposal; this draws on Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage regarded as ‘our heritage: where the past meets the future’. This paper aims to answer the research question about the nature of the space between the human been and the world. Therefore, it will analyse certain processes that occur in their thickness, focussing on ‘authenticity criteria’ employed by UNESCO to define tangible culture in order to identify different language use of ‘culture’. From these, both criteria and usage, this paper evaluate the four main reasons multidisciplinary background to support the late correlation between ‘tangible and intangible culture’. Eventually, this paper proposes four sequences of symbolic objects which embody tangible culture contents. Key Words: Culture, Tangible, Intangible, Authenticity.
Trabajo del Condenado: Como Fuente de Redención de Pena y Resocialización
Authors: Huertas Díaz Omar , Mendieta Pineda Luz Mireya , Molina Carrión Blanca Melania 
Published: December 2020

El objetivo principal del artículo es ofrecer un análisis desde el origen hasta la actualidad del trabajo desarrollado por los condenados privados de la libertad dirigido a la redención de pena y a su resocialización, fin último de la pena de prisión. La metodología es documental y pretende, a través de la consulta de informes, doctrina, normatividad y jurisprudencia recoger información sobre el tema que sustenta el artículo para una aproximación al objeto de estudio. Dentro de los hallazgos encontrados, el trabajo como redención de pena cumple al 100% su objetivo, mientras que frente a la resocialización es un fracaso. Se concluye que al ser el trabajo un derecho de toda la población condenada, todos acceden a la redención de pena, más no a la resocialización.
Todavía puedo escuchar su llamado. Ecos de mis ancestros
Authors: Moulton Kimberley 
Published: December 2020

Este ensayo es una pieza personal y reflexiva, que escribo como mujer yorta yorta que trabaja e investiga en museos. A partir de mi experiencia con colecciones, miro desde una perspectiva crítica lo que significa para museos y galerías haber reunido, y seguir reuniendo, material cultural histórico y contemporáneo de los pueblos originarios de Australia. Me enfoco en el tema a través de una narrativa personal, que tiene como objetivo desentrañar, por medio de la escritura, la corriente colonial de aprendizaje y comunicación occidentales en la que me eduqué y a la cual se espera que se adhieran los pueblos originarios.
Trabajo en Australia y he visitado colecciones y museos en varias partes del mundo. Constantemente pienso sobre cómo el legado de las instituciones dedicadas al coleccionismo y a la representación de los pueblos originarios ha influido en los espacios de arte contemporáneo hoy en día. Con la expansión de la intersección entre arte y “artefacto” más allá de su binario histórico, y con el aumento de personas provenientes de los pueblos originarios que trabajan en esos espacios, ¿cómo podemos recontextualizar el material cultural e impulsar nuestra agencia y pensamiento en torno a la soberanía de nuestros objetos?
A Theological Perspective on the Phenomenon of Life: Introduction into the Bios, Psyche, and Zoe
Authors: Pędrak Anna , Duszek Kamil 
Published: December 2020

Fenomen życia w perspektywie teologicznej: wprowadzenie w bios, psyche i zoe
Życie jest pięknym i wyjątkowym zjawiskiem. Nie można go opisać za pomocą jednej definicji, ponieważ przejawia się na wiele różnych sposobów. Dlatego fenomen życia musi zostać uchwycony jako całość z uwzględnieniem jego podstawowych płaszczyzn. Autorzy pracy przeprowadzili interdyscyplinarne badania naukowe. Ich zadaniem było zgłębienie kwestii życia na trzech płaszczyznach: bios (życie w jego podstawowych przejawach), psyche (życie inteligentne i świadome) i zoe (życie, które przekracza siebie). Zebrane przez nich dane nabierają szczególnego znaczenia dzięki perspektywie teologicznej. Jest to podejście określające metodę pracy – ma ona interdyscyplinarną charakterystykę oraz jest wyrazem myślenia teologicznego. Umożliwia to zrozumienie całego fenomenu w jego transcendentalnej funkcji. Życie od samego początku wyłania się ku „czemuś więcej”. Ostatecznym celem tego transcendentalnego dynamizmu jest wiecznie żywy Bóg.
Librarian Authors Appear to Favour Open Access Journals, while Academic Authors Appear to Favour Non-Open Access Journals
Authors: DuBroy Michelle 
Published: December 2020

A Review of:
Chang, Y.-W. (2017). Comparative study of characteristics of authors between open access and non-open access journals in library and information science. Library & Information Science Research, 39(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2017.01.002
Abstract
Objective – To compare the characteristics of authors publishing in open access and non-open access library and information science (LIS) journals.
Design – Comparative analysis of published journal articles.
Setting – Academic journals.
Subjects – Articles published in selected LIS journals between 2008-2013.
Methods – Journals included in the Library Science and Information Science category in the 2012 edition of Journal Citation Reports and those listed in the Library and Information Science category of the Directory of Open Access Journals as of May 2013 were included in the analysis. Articles were examined and coded for author occupation, academic rank, and type of collaboration.
Main Results – The author analyzed 1,807 articles from 20 open access journals and 1,665 articles from 13 non-open access journals. An unknown number of articles were excluded because they lacked required author information. Over half (53.9%) of the authors who published in the open access journals were practitioners. Over half (58.1%) of the authors who published in the non-open access journals were academics. Librarian-librarian collaboration was the most common type (38.6%) of collaboration found in the open access journals. Academic-academic collaboration was the most common type (34.1%) of collaboration found in the non-open access journals. Collaboration between librarians and academics was seen in 20.5% of open access articles and 13.2% of non-open access articles.
Conclusion – In general, librarian-authored research was found more often in open access journals, while the “latest research topics and ideas” (p. 14) were found most often in non-open access journals.