bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Stewart Dustin D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The introductory chapter elaborates definitions of two opposed but entangled poetic tendencies, calling one mortalist and the other spiritualist. It draws extended examples from John Milton (particularly from Paradise Lost [1667] and De Doctrina Christiana); from Edward Young (especially from Night Thoughts [1742–6], identified as the poem central to the study); and from several late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century Anglophone poets, including Lucie Brock-Broido, Michael Symmons Roberts, Danez Smith, Tracy K. Smith, and Kevin Young. Some of these writers, the chapter argues, surprisingly keep alive a poetics of disembodiment derived from the Enlightenment. The introduction ends with a discussion of some relevant questions in literary criticism (concerning materialism, Pre-Romanticism, historical poetics, and lyric studies) and then a personal word about the author’s perspective on the spiritualities explored in the book.
An Education for the Present
Authors: Stewart Dustin D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on John Milton’s Paradise Regain’d (1671), arguing that a mortalist temporality keeps its hero’s education unfinished. To explain why Milton’s brief epic is such a strangely presentist work, with both the past and the deep future of the Son of God inaccessible, the chapter places the poem in a fresh theological context and establishes points of continuity with John Biddle, the Socinian firebrand who wrote the Confession of Faith Touching the Holy Trinity (1648) and probably translated the Racovian Catechism (1652). But Milton goes further than Biddle and the Socinians do, the chapter proposes, in constraining the Son’s knowledge about himself and his purpose. Trying to extend the poetic now, spliced between the old and the new, the poem invites readers to join the Son in resisting the temptation to reach too far ahead, to the expected consolations of resurrection and then heaven.
Gender after Sex
Authors: Stewart Dustin D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Leading off a new section, this chapter maintains that Elizabeth Singer Rowe—an early eighteenth-century devotional writer who was once a household name on both sides of the Atlantic—discovered in the promise of life after death the prospect of gender after sex. The chapter, which accounts for the full span of Rowe’s career, argues that her ecstatic verse initially defines femininity in terms of spirit. (Matter she codes as masculine, polemically associating it with the libertines.) Later letters and poems develop a further idea of femininity as a power of self-reinvention. Disembodied and feminized souls can creatively remake themselves in the afterlife and perhaps also in poetry capable of propelling readers and writers there ahead of time. The chapter ends by considering Rowe’s place in scholarly accounts of “feminization” in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world. Her enthusiasm, it concludes, released her at times from the exemplary femininity that modern critics have too often taken her to illustrate.
Introduction
Authors: Wagner Tamara S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Introduction surveys the divergent representations of babyhood in the nineteenth century. It situates the present study at the intersection of new work on the modern family and changing parenting realities, as well as historical childhood and child care. After a detailed discussion of the most influential or mainstream portrayals of infancy in Victorian popular culture, such as the sentimentalized baby, the baby as victim in social reform writing, and the commodified baby, the Introduction addresses the importance of unusual, yet culturally significant depictions, including comical or sensationalized babies in fiction. How did these portrayals transform cultural fantasies and genre developments? How did iconic depictions of babyhood reflect, distort, or endeavour to change the lived realities of young children in Victorian Britain? The texts selected for close reading in the subsequent chapters include material that reveals unexpected sides to Victorian infancy, as well as works that have had a catalysing function for changing representational strategies. Critical attention to the diverse and at times ambiguous depiction of infancy in Victorian culture thus also produces new readings of canonical works that have hitherto not been considered from this angle.
‘How I Managed’
Authors: Wagner Tamara S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The second chapter explores how nineteenth-century parenting publications shaped popular narratives of babyhood and baby care. A critical analysis of the power of the print media in producing as well as spreading rapidly commodified advice material allows us to reconsider the still persistent phenomenon of competing books on babies in its historical context. The expanding market of expert instructions reconfigured images of babyhood, codifying the baby as a source of anxiety that required clinical knowledge and intervention. Women writers of popular childrearing manuals such as Eliza Warren, the main rival of the bestselling Isabella Beeton, packaged infant care advice in narratives, at once trading on and endeavouring to reshape this market. A crucial link between putatively professional, systematically presented, parenting instructions and the interpolation of infant care advice in popular fiction, Warren’s full-scale childrearing manual in narrative form, How I Managed My Children from Infancy to Marriage (1865), provides a test case of the shifting focus on personal experience and new expert knowledge in the selling of parenting publications. Since the nineteenth-century market for these publications was informed by a general move to hands-on, practical advice, Warren’s strategies in creating her authorial persona to market a mother’s experience formed a symptomatic and influential component in the impact of advice literature both on perceptions of baby care and on the literary baby.
The Epigraphy of the ‘Greek Cities’
Authors: Bowman Alan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe inscriptions of the Ptolemaic period from the three ‘Greek cities’ of Naukratis and Alexandria in the Delta and Ptolemais in Upper Egypt illustrate the distinctive character of these foundations which contrasts with the indigenous towns of the Delta and the Nile Valley. They show some of the major instruments of Hellenization being introduced quite deliberately and explicitly in the form of civic administrative and governmental institutions. In particular, there is the opportunity in the epigraphic record to juxtapose these civic institutions with the progress of Hellenization and urbanization in the other Egyptian towns. There is also a significant number of important papyri which substantively complement the picture to be drawn from the epigraphic sources. This chapter discusses the evidence for the institutions of each of the three cities separately; the existence of citizen assemblies, councils, magistrates, and religious cults of Greek deities illuminates the broader picture of institutional Hellenization in the Ptolemaic period.
War in the Mountains
Authors: Macmaster Neil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The role of the peasantry during the Algerian War of Independence (1954–62) has been long neglected by historians, in part because they have been viewed as a ‘primitive’ mass devoid of political consciousness. This ground-breaking social history challenges this conventional understanding by tracing the ability of the peasant community to sustain an autonomous political culture through family, clan, and village assemblies (djemâa), organizations that were eventually harnessed by emerging guerrilla forces. The long-established system of indirect rule by which the colonial state controlled and policed the vast mountainous interior through an ‘intelligence state’ began to break down after the 1920s as the djemâas formed a pole of opposition to the patron-client relations of the rural élites. Clandestine urban-rural networks emerged that prepared the way for armed resistance and a system of rebel governance. The anthropologist Jean Servier, recognizing the dynamics of the peasant community, in 1957 masterminded a major counterinsurgency experiment, Opération Pilote, that sought to defeat the guerilla forces by constructing a parallel ‘hearts and minds’ strategy. The army, unable to implement a programme of ‘pacification’ of dispersed mountain populations, reversed its policy by the forced evacuation of the peasants into regroupement camps. Contrary to the accepted historical analysis of Pierre Bourdieu and others that rural society was massively uprooted and dislocated, the peasantry continued to demonstrate a high level of social cohesion and resistance based on powerful family and kin networks.
Popular Religion
Authors: Macmaster Neil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As communist and nationalist militants made direct contact with rural society they faced the difficulty of potential confrontation with the conservative nature of peasant ‘marabout’ culture, including rituals surrounding holy shrines, magic, and pilgrimages. The Native Affairs department made instrumental use of such traditional practices as a way of reinforcing popular support for the caids, the charismatic and patrimonial authority of chiefs like the bachaga Boualam in the Ouarsenis. However, such manipulation by the colonial state was contested in a number of ways. The annual cycle of pilgrimages, often involving thousands of peasants, was also used as an occasion by communist and nationalist leaders to address the crowds, as seen during a communist intervention during the pilgrimage to Miliana in May 1950 and 1951. Some pilgrimages, like that to the shrine of Sidi Maamar, were harnessed by anti-colonial peasant movements led by the djemâas. The reformist Ulema movement of Ben Badis, usually interpreted by historians as an urban-based movement, penetrated into the peasant communities of the Chelif region and students trained in the medersas and the great Islamic centres of Constantine, Tunisia, and Morocco returned to inject nationalism through Koranic schools that became a later support base of the FLN.
The Arzew Camp
Authors: Macmaster Neil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The chapter examines the success of the forms of psychological warfare deployed during Opération Pilote. A key element of Servier’s plan was to recruit peasants to undertake a crash training programme in the COIN centre at Arzew, so that they could be secretly reinserted in the douars to act as future political leaders. The first cohort proved to be of mediocre ability, and their placement in the douars, known to the FLN, proved to be perilous. The army turned to other techniques of mass brainwashing of the rural population, who were either subjected to propaganda teams or, at Warnier in the Chelif, placed in ‘re-education’ camps. Anthropology, promoted by Servier, was marginalized since army officers could not be rapidly trained in the necessary language and ethnology skills, and instead the army relied on behaviourist theories of conditioned reflexes and mechanical forms of mass indoctrination by repetition of slogans. The prefect, and some officers, were deeply scathing of the impacts of such brainwashing techniques. By August 1957 Opération Pilote was wound down but, despite its major failure, was promoted by top commanders as a great success, and was rapidly expanded across Algeria. The claims made for the experiment were supported by dubious forms of psychological mapping that claimed to plot the success of ‘pacification’.
Conclusion
Authors: Macmaster Neil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The book dismantles the conventional interpretation of the Algerian peasantry as incapable of organized resistance. The rural masses exercised dynamic forms of political autonomy, especially through the village assemblies. After 1918 the long established system of colonial indirect rule entered a phase of deepening crisis so that control of the peasantry by the intelligence state slipped away, providing an opportunity for the nationalists to take advantage of the subsequent power vacuum and, eventually, to create a form of ‘rebel governance’. After 1956 the attempts by counterinsurgents to replicate peasant organizations failed. The pattern located in the Chelif holds a key to our understanding of other regions of dispersed settlement in Algeria, and also for future comparative study of other insurrections, from Vietnam to Kenya. The enduring cohesion of the extended family that stood at the core of peasant organization and political autonomy survived through the disruption of the War of Independence and holds a key to the conservative forces at work in post-colonial Algeria.
The Dutch Paradox
Authors: Gerards Janneke , van Ommeren Frank , Wolswinkel Johan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Even though the Netherlands was one of the founding fathers of the CoE, the impact of CoE conventions and soft law on Dutch administrative law and the development of the principles of good administration is rather patchy and uneven. This ‘Dutch paradox’ can be explained by the much more significant and direct impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on both substantive and procedural national administrative law. At least partly, this impact can be explained by the existence of a coherent body of ECtHR case law that is relevant to almost all areas of administrative law and that can be readily and easily applied on the national level. Nevertheless, the chapter concludes that it might be useful for Dutch authorities to keep an eye on other CoE instruments that may be relevant for the development of general administrative law, especially because the ECHR provides for minimum protection only.
The Council of Europe and Pan-European General Principles of Good Administration
Authors: Sand Inger-Johanne 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses the impact of the pan-European principles of good administration on Norwegian administrative law. The chapter claims that the European Convention on Human Rights and other sources of the Council of Europe (CoE) have generally contributed to strengthening the ‘rule-of-law tradition’ in Norwegian law. This contribution is especially palpable in specialized fields like migration, family law and local self-government. However, in other fields, such as administrative procedural rights and access to information, the impact of the CoE seems to have been limited because the corresponding national regulations preceded many of the relevant conventions and recommendations of the CoE. The chapter concludes that Norway shows a willingness to be influenced by new administrative law standards developed by the CoE.
The Impact of the Pan-European General Principles of Good Administration on German Law
Authors: Stelkens Ulrich 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses the impact on German administrative law of the pan-European general principles of good administration developed within the framework of the Council of Europe (CoE). The chapter highlights that most of the German core statutes on administrative law had already been enacted or were developed before the adoption of the said principles. Moreover, the low availability and the lack of translation of the ‘CoE sources’ as well as the (over)reliance of German courts on the national constitution in developing standards of individual protection present further hindrances for their full permeation. However—at least conceptually—German law lives up to the said principles and often even exceeds them. The chapter concludes that it seems to be only a matter of time and the right opportunity for such impact to become full-blown in the German legal system.
The Impact of the ECHR and of Pan-European General Principles of Good Administration on the Administrative Law of Portugal
Authors: Tavares Lanceiro Rui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the impact on Portuguese administrative law of the pan-European principles of good administration developed within the framework of the Council of Europe (CoE). It highlights that ratification of the European Convention on Human Rights has helped to deepen democracy and safeguard the protection of fundamental rights, not only in the direct aftermath of the democratic revolution of 25 April 1974 which brought down the dictatorship of the “Estado Novo” regime but up to today. The chapter further argues that numerous cases at the European Court of Human Rights have resulted in reforms to the Portuguese legal system, especially concerning fair trial requirements. At the same time the influence of other CoE conventions and recommendations remains somewhat limited. The chapter concludes that the overall impact of the pan-European principles of good administration has not been properly studied and, thus, complete evaluation thereof is not possible.
The Innocuous Impact of Pan-European General Principles of Good Administration on Hungarian Law and Legal Practice
Authors: Láncos Petra Lea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses the influence of the pan-European principles of good administration in the Hungarian legal system. It discloses that while the impact and role of these pan-European principles, in particular that of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, are growing in Hungarian legislation and jurisprudence, clear traces of them are still difficult to discern. It also finds that, despite some influence stemming from the Council of Europe (CoE) in the codification concepts underlying recent procedural reforms, the full potential to that effect is far from being realized. In particular, reliance on soft law instruments of the CoE remains problematic, in part due to legal formalism inherited from the country’s socialist past.
The Pan-European General Principles of Good Administration in Lithuania
Authors: Paužaitė-Kulvinskienė Jurgita , Andrijauskaitė Agnė 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses the impact of the pan-European general principles of good administration in Lithuania. It shows that there is a general openness to incorporating these principles into the Lithuanian legal system, albeit not without limitations. This can be attributed to three major factors—legitimacy, a favourable legal framework and agency given to these principles by the domestic actors. Especially, administrative courts seem to be progressively facilitating their application. Yet, while in certain domains the said principles have permeated the Lithuanian legal system to a remarkable extent, in others their use seems to be somewhat underutilized, be it because of domestic regulatory sufficiency, EU influence or unwillingness to make use of these principles by adopting ‘softer’ legal instruments such as codes of conduct or administrative self-commitments.
Lip Service or Genuine Consideration of the Pan-European General Principles of Good Administration in Czechia?
Authors: Křepelka Filip 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses the impact on Czech administrative law of the pan-European principles of good administration developed by the Council of Europe (CoE). It argues that the work of the CoE in the realm of administrative law has enjoyed a limited impact on Czech administrative law. This can be attributed to the fact that Czechia did not take part in the drafting of CoE standards as well as the EU’s influence, which is gaining more and more importance, among other things. The chapter concludes that despite this rather limited effectiveness of the pan-European general principles of good administration in Czech administrative law, this does not mean that they are useless for Czechia as a country in transition endangered by a relapse into illiberalism and authoritarianism. On the contrary, they may serve as a firewall against any eventual deterioration of the national framework.
A Tale of Europeanization
Authors: Dragoș Dacian C. , Chirila Cosmina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Romania became a Member State of the Council of Europe (CoE) in 1993. While Romania has had a democratic tradition, it also has a recent communist past. This chapter is dedicated to exploring the impact of the pan-European general principles of good administration on the Romanian legal system. It highlights that these principles play a seminal role in filling the gaps in Romanian legislation as well as in the case law. At the same time the Romanian administration is less willing to use them and relies mostly on domestic (written) law. Hence, the chapter argues that the pan-European general principles of good administration are still undergoing a process of structuring, awareness, and acceptance in Romania.
The Rhetoric of the Page
Authors: Maguire Laurie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This book explores blank space in early modern printed books; it addresses physical blank space (from missing words to vacant pages) as well as the concept of the blank. It is a book about typographical marks, readerly response, and editorial treatment. It is a story of the journey from incunabula to Google books, told through the signifiers of blank space: empty brackets, dashes, the et cetera, the asterisk. It is about the semiotics of print and about the social anthropology of reading. The book explores blank space as an extension of Elizabethan rhetoric with readers learning to interpret the mise-en-page as part of a text’s persuasive tactics. It looks at blanks as creators of both anxiety and of opportunity, showing how readers respond to what is not there and how writers come to anticipate that response. Each chapter focuses on one typographical form of what is not there on the page: physical gaps (Chapter 1), the &c (Chapter 2) and the asterisk (Chapter 3). The Epilogue uncovers the rich metaphoric life of these textual phenomena and the ways in which Elizabethan printers experimented with typographical features as they considered how to turn plays into print.
General Introduction
Authors: Scott Dominic 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Focusing on Plato’s Republic and Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, this book compares their views on the persuasiveness of moral argument: how far did they think it could reach beyond a narrow circle of believers and influence people more generally? Answering this question requires a wide-ranging approach, which examines their views on such topics as rationality, moral psychology, rhetoric, education, and gender. The first part of the book shows that for Plato certain kinds of argument are beyond the reach of most people, specifically arguments that make appeal to transcendent Forms. But he still thought that there is another level of argument, restricted to human psychology and politics, which could have a much wider appeal, especially if supplemented by the appropriate rhetoric. The second half of the book turns to the Nicomachean Ethics to determine Aristotle’s views about the reach of moral argument, as well as its purposes. He is certainly very restrictive when it comes to the kinds of argument pursued in the work itself, proposing to talk only to those who are mature in years and well brought up. Like Plato, however, he also allows for the possibility of another type of discourse, which is more rhetorical in nature and could benefit those who are less mature. Though mainly focused on the Republic and Nicomachean Ethics, this book also examines relevant passages from Plato’s Laws and Aristotle’s Politics.