bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Curriculum on Using Life Expectancy to Inform Cancer Screening in Older Adults
Authors: Ahmed Shaista U. , Burke Meg , McGuire Maura , Massare Jacqueline , Boyd Cynthia M. , Pollack Craig E. , Lentz Caroline , Schoenborn Nancy L. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundMany older adults with limited life expectancy still receive cancer screening. One potential contributor is that primary care providers (PCP) are not trained to incorporate life expectancy in cancer screening recommendations. We describe the development and evaluation of a novel curriculum to address this need.MethodsWe developed and implemented a web‐based learning module within a large Maryland group practice with PCPs for older adults. We assessed attitude, knowledge, self‐efficacy, and self‐reported behavior outcomes before the module, immediately after completing the module, and 6 months afterwards.ResultsOf 172 PCPs who were invited, 86 (50%) completed the module and of these, 50 (58.1%) completed the 6‐months follow up survey. Immediately after the module, there was a significant increase in perceived importance of life expectancy (increase of 0.50 point on 10‐point scale, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.27–0.73), confidence in predicting life expectancy (increase of 2.32 points on 10‐point scale, 95% CI = 1.95–2.70) and confidence in discussion screening cessation (increase of 1.69 points on 10‐point scale, 95% CI = 1.37–2.02). Knowledge in patient‐preferred communication strategies improved from 55% correct response to 97% (P < .001). However, most of these improvements dissipated by 6 months and there was no change in self‐reported behavior at 6 months compared to baseline (P = .34).ConclusionAlthough the module resulted in significant short‐term improvement in attitude, knowledge, and self‐efficacy, the changes were not sustained over time. Educational interventions such as this can be coupled with ongoing reinforcing strategies and/or decision support interventions to improve cancer‐screening practices in older adults.
Physicians' and patients' self‐perceptions of hyaluronic acid–based facial volumization: Are they compatible?
Authors: Lima Rodrigo Amaral , Moura Isabel Cristina Gomes , Pitoni João Bayama Galvão , Ramos‐e‐Silva Marcia , da Costa Adilson 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundFacial filling based on hyaluronic acid (HA) is an esthetic procedure that is widely performed worldwide.MethodologyFifty patients underwent facial filling based on HA, and 10 board‐certified dermatologists evaluated clinical photographs before and after the procedure and completed a questionnaire to provide information about the procedure.ResultsAll doctors and 96% of patients were agreed about the pre‐ and postprocedural photographs. Physicians were more aware of the possibility of frequent pain and erythema. Both groups showed agreement in their responses on the following topics: the possibility of hematoma and edema, a lack of secretion, improvement in patients' self‐confidence, recognition of the procedure by third parties, and knowledge of the procedure by the dermatologists themselves. However, physicians tend to overestimate the possibility of erythema, pain, and edema; they also tend to minimize the duration and discomfort of postprocedural edema and the risk of third parties noticing patients' HA filling and how much it bothers patients when third parties do notice.ConclusionDoctors and patients disagree on some questions about what actually happens and what is supposed to happen in facial filling procedures based on HA.
Identify the role of Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells in repairing injured uterine of rat
Authors: Wang Hezhu , Yang Xiaoqing , Chen Xiaojing , Xie Huihui , Wang Junxia , Zhang Yuquan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimMaternal complications caused by the cesarean delivery inhibit the capability of preserving the uterus and subsequent fertility. However, successful restoration of the incisional scar continuously still remains a challenge. This work was to evaluate the repairing effect of Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hWJ‐MSC) on incisional scar of the uterine.MethodsEighteen rats were randomly assigned into two groups and nine for each: one group injected with hWJ‐MSC in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and the other injected with PBS for comparison.ResultsWith hWJ‐MSC in PBS injected, the uterine endometrium and myometrium with full‐thickness injury were restored and the functionality was greatly improved in comparison with the group only with PBS injected.ConclusionThe hWJ‐MSC can repair the injured uterine effectively by promoting the uterine endometrium and myometrium cells proliferation and according to the chi‐square analysis the pregnancy is improved.
Niche differentiation, competition or habitat filtering? Mechanisms explaining co‐occurrence of plant species on wet meadows of high conservation value
Authors: Czortek Patryk , Orczewska Anna , Dyderski Marcin K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractQuestionsDue to the diverse abiotic conditions and the extensive, early‐autumn, manual mowing practiced once per few years, Molinia semi‐natural wet meadows are known for their high plant species diversity. However, recent socio‐economic transformations and land‐use changes (i.e. cessation of use) have been contributing to significant biodiversity loss in Molinia meadows. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of species co‐occurrence patterns operating on well‐developed Molinia meadows may be a precondition for the restoration or regeneration success of this type of vegetation. We aimed to identify community‐level co‐existence patterns of the whole set of plant species typical of Molinia meadows, and to assess the role of co‐occurring vegetation in shaping the performance of individual species.LocationNatura 2000 Special Area of Conservation “Łąki Dąbrowskie” (S Poland).MethodsUsing generalised multiple regression techniques on a set of vegetation traits and components of functional diversity, we assessed the role of different ecological mechanisms in shaping co‐occurrence patterns of the entire group of species typical of Molinia meadows, as well as individual species belonging to this group.ResultsWhen the entire group of Molinia meadow species was taken into account, niche differentiation emerged as the main mechanism influencing the co‐occurrence of plant species. When considering individual species, we revealed that their co‐existence patterns were mostly species‐specific, pointing out the predominant role of either niche differentiation, competition, habitat filtering, or a combination of these three drivers in shaping assembly processes.ConclusionsOur results showed that the variability of niches realised by target species typical of Molinia meadows was high. Therefore, conservation of well‐developed Molinia meadows should focus on both the community, and on a single species level, aiming to maintain a complex of specific microhabitat conditions. Considering small‐size patches of these meadows scattered in a transformed, agricultural landscape, conservation of individual target species should be of the highest priority.
A framework for co‐developing conservation research projects with stakeholders: A Lake Victoria case study
Authors: van den Broek Karlijn L. , Luomba Joseph , Onyango Horace O. , Musobya Moses , Klein Sina A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStakeholder engagement has increasingly gained popularity in conservation research since it promotes relevant research that has impact and can inform evidence‐based policy. Lake basins can especially benefit from research co‐created with stakeholders since these regions tend to face a multitude of conservation challenges while also dealing with many stakeholders that are directly dependent on a lake's resources. Particularly important for successful, co‐created research is the first phase of stakeholder engagement, namely the co‐development of the research agenda with stakeholders. This phase tends to determine whether or not projects will be funded and implemented, therefore providing a foundation for subsequent realization of a project, as well as the impact of the research findings. The present study provides a framework for the application of stakeholder engagement in co‐developing a research agenda, as illustrated through a case study on Lake Victoria in East Africa, concluding with key lessons learned from this case study.
Habitat and microclimate affect the resting site selection of mosquitoes
Authors: Sauer F. G. , Grave J. , Lühken R. , Kiel E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) use certain resting sites during their inactive phase. The microclimatic conditions of these resting sites might affect their physiology and vectorial capacity. In this study, we combined a field and a laboratory study to investigate the natural resting site and temperature preferences of mosquitoes. The field study was conducted at a forest close to Oldenburg (Lower Saxony, Germany) from May to October 2018. Mosquitoes were collected in five different natural habitats with seven replicates each. Temperature was recorded hourly at each site. Significantly more mosquitoes were collected in deadwood (predominantlyCuliseta morsitans/fumipennis) and shaded herb layer (predominantlyAedesspecies) compared to unshaded herb layer or broadleaf and coniferous trees. GLMMs revealed resting site habitats as the best predictor to explain the observed preference patterns, but microclimatic conditions are also involved in mosquito resting site selection. Most mosquitoes were collected at resting sites with relatively colder and more stable temperatures. In concert, laboratory choice experiments with a thermal gradient ring demonstrated thatCs. morsitans/fumipennisavoid temperatures over 30 °C. Understanding the small‐scaled resting site preferences and the related microclimatic conditions can improve mosquito collection techniques and refine the prediction of mosquito‐borne pathogen transmission.
Designing Ethical Online Dispute Resolution Systems: The Rise of the Fourth Party
Authors: Wing Leah , Martinez Janet , Katsh Ethan , Rule Colin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs the pandemic forces public and private institutions to move online, many court and business leaders are looking to the field of online dispute resolution (ODR) for best practices and lessons learned. Developed over the last twenty years, largely in response to the growth of e‐commerce, the ODR field has generated a deep well of theory and practice while also identifying potential ethical dilemmas and risks. The application of technology, the “fourth party,” plays an increasingly integral role in how we negotiate resolutions to our disputes, with or without a third party. A brief overview of the history of ODR’s development will set the context for the exploration of the range of tools and techniques encompassed by online dispute resolution. Consideration of the ethical challenges raised by ODR practice will illuminate key questions and choices that need to be made in designing ODR systems and in governing their use.
Assessing vaccination reactions in pediatric patients with maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis
Authors: Johansen Maija L. , Lawley Leslie P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImmunization compliance in the United States is declining, in part due to misinformation and fear surrounding adverse vaccination reactions. Recently, there have been data published in the allergy and immunology literature to show that there may be a relationship between routine vaccinations and induction of symptoms in cutaneous mastocytosis patients; however, this has not yet been explored in the dermatology literature. We sought to uncover the prevalence of vaccine reactions due to mast cell activation within our cohort of maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis (MPCM) patients in order to contribute to ensuring administration safety, managing familial expectations, and encouraging continued adherence. Our results indicate that while incidence of reaction rates may be higher than the national average, they are mild and families should be counseled to follow recommended immunization schedule guidelines.
Pathways and Barriers for Women’s Mobilization during Civil War: Nepal, Colombia, and Rwanda in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Evilsizor Margo G. , Cox Fletcher D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnder what conditions do barriers to women’s mobilization erode or emerge across various stages of civil war? The article draws upon evidence from three cases of civil war: Nepal (1996–2006), Colombia (1964–2016), and Rwanda (1990–1994). Comparative analysis of the escalation, peacemaking, and recovery process in each case reveals that the mechanisms shaping the erosion and emergence of barriers to women’s mobilization are highly interactive across all three stages of conflict. In particular, the study highlights three concepts that are essential for understanding whether or not barriers to women’s mobilization continue to erode after civil war: (1) institutional tokenism, (2) social friction, and (3) capacity to govern patriarchal backlash. This study of pathways for women’s mobilization during civil wars has important implications for the study of the interactive relationship between formal and informal institutions, and research on long‐term peacebuilding efforts designed to ameliorate deeply embedded structural and cultural violence.
The effect of foot care protocol applied to older people on foot health problems and foot care behaviours: a randomised controlled trial in a nursing home
Authors: Çatıker Aslıhan , Zincir Handan , Seviğ Emine Ümit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to develop a protective and improving protocol for foot health of the older people and to assess the effect of this protocol on foot problems, foot care knowledge levels and foot care behavior.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial that was conducted in a nursing home in Turkey. The research was completed with 57 older people (28 intervention group, 29 control group) over the age of 60 living in a nursing home who met the eligibility criteria. Data were collected using the Older Person Identification Form, Foot Examination Form, Foot Care Knowledge Level Form, and Foot Care Behavior Scale at baseline and 6 months later. When assessing the study data; Descriptive statistics, Student t‐test, Mann Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, chi‐square test, continuity (Yates) correction, Fisher exact chi‐square test, McNemar test and GEE were used.ResultsAt the end of the research, there were statistically significant improvements in problems related to dermatology (appearance, hygiene, and moisture); problems related to circulation (temperature); problems related to sensory issues (feeling and pain); problems related to footwear; and problems related to self‐care between the intervention and control groups. Also, there were statistically significant improvements in problems related to dermatology (appearance and hygiene); problems related to circulation (temperature, color, and edema); and problems related to sensory issues (feeling and pain) for the posttest compared to the pretest in the intervention group (p < 0.05). In terms of foot care knowledge level and foot care behavior scale mean scores, statistically significant differences were found between the groups and for the intervention group pretest and posttest mean scores.ConclusionThe foot care protocol applied to older people was identified to reduce foot problems by a significant level, and increase mean points for knowledge levels about foot care and the foot care behavior scale.
Daily functioning support – a qualitative exploration of rehabilitative approach in acute hospitalised care
Authors: Kannisto Kati , Hirvonen Eila , Koivuniemi Minna , Teeri Sari , Asikainen Paula , Koivunen Marita 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesHospitalised patients are at risk of temporary or permanent loss of functioning which impacts their future independence. Implementation of a rehabilitative approach in everyday nursing in the acute care setting may produce good therapeutic results and promote independent daily living of patients. Thus, the aim of the study was to explore and understand the patterns of a rehabilitative approach in acute hospital wards from the perspective of interdisciplinary team members. Specifically, our aim was to identify the factors promoting and preventing a rehabilitative approach.MethodWe conducted four focus group interviews with 21 participants, including multidisciplinary team members from acute hospital wards. Data were analysed with conventional inductive content analysis.ResultsThe findings highlighted that the rehabilitative approach, as a personal way of working and personal working attitude, was a part of comprehensive nursing. The main goals of the rehabilitative approach were to support the physical functioning of the patients and their independent initiative and individuality during clinical care in hospital ward. The promoting and preventing factors that influenced the development of the rehabilitative approach consisted of personal factors, organisational factors and the physical settings of the hospital wards.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that the rehabilitative approach in nursing focused on supporting the physical functioning, independence and self‐confidence of the patient. The staff highlighted that interdisciplinary teamwork was one feature of the rehabilitative approach. The rehabilitative approach in nursing should be established as a part of everyday activity in clinical practice.
“Pure Joy”: Spinoza on Laughter and Cheerfulness
Authors: Amir Lydia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLaughter is a significant topic for Renaissance and seventeenth‐century philosophers. Still, the latter rarely approved of laughter but endorsed it as useful mockery for theological or philosophical purposes. Benedict Spinoza’s view of laughter stands out as an exception to this attitude as well as to previous and later ones. Spinoza differentiates between mockery and laughter, denounces the former as evil, and characterizes the latter as “pure joy”: laughter is about oneself rather than another and originates in noticing something good, rather than base or ugly. In contrast to melancholy, cheerfulness is “always good” and is a precondition of our liberation as it furthers the use of reason. Not only is Spinoza’s view original, but it is an important source of the eighteenth‐century notions of good‐natured laughter and good humor through a more than probable influence on their proponent, the Earl of Shaftesbury. Whilst Spinoza’s view of cheerfulness is briefly addressed in recent studies, his view of laughter goes unnoticed in most commentaries and is misrepresented in humor studies. Contrary to what is assumed in the philosophy of laughter, I argue that the most important defense of laughter comes not from a British Enlightenment thinker, but from the Dutch Jewish seventeenth‐century philosopher.
Individual need and societal claims: Challenging the understanding of universalism versus selectivism in social policy
Authors: Hultqvist Sara , Hollertz Katarina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this article, we argue that basic social policy concepts can fertilise the discussion on active labour market policy (ALMP). During the last decades, research on ALMP has become a flourishing field. This is an overall positive development. However, the development tends to fractionate the wider picture of social policy and distance the discussion from social policy seen as a multifold set of government measures that have a direct impact on the welfare of the citizens, by providing services and/or income. We analyse a local ALMP programme in the light of three classical social policy concepts: universalism, selectivism and need. To understand what is going on in ALMP programmes, we argue that it is as important to uncover claims made by the state as it is to satisfy the human needs most often presented as the objectives of ALMP programmes. We propose that the programme under study be characterised as a hybrid, combining elements frequently perceived as dichotomies in social policy literature. Selectivism and universalism are both present as principles and the programme consists of benefits in cash and in kind.
The Effect of the Degree of Premixedness on Self-Excited Combustion Instability
Authors: Howie Adam , Doleiden Daniel , Peluso Stephen , O'Connor Jacqueline 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The use of lean, premixed fuel and air mixtures is a common strategy to reduce NOx emissions in gas turbine combustors. However, this strategy causes an increased susceptibility to self-excited instability, which manifests as fluctuations in heat release rate, flow velocity, and combustor acoustics that oscillate in-phase in a feedback loop. This study considers the effect of the level of premixedness on the self-excited instability in a single-nozzle combustor. In this system, the fuel can be injected inside the nozzle to create a partially-premixed mixture or far upstream to create a fully-premixed mixture, varying the level of premixedness of the fuel and air entering the combustor. When global equivalence ratio is held constant, the cases with higher levels of premixing have higher instability amplitudes. High-speed CH* chemiluminescence imaging shows that the flame for these cases is more compact and the distribution of the heat release rate oscillations is more concentrated near the corner of the combustor in the outer recirculation zones. Rayleigh index images, which are a metric for the relative phase of pressure and heat release rate oscillations, suggest that vortex rollup in the corner region is primarily responsible for determining instability characteristics when premixedness is varied. This finding is further supported through analysis of local flame edge dynamics.
Transient Aero-Thermo-Mechanical Multidimensional Analysis of a High Pressure Turbine Assembly Through a Square Cycle
Authors: Ganine Vladislav , Chew John W. , Hills Nicholas J. , Mohamed Sulfi Noor , Miller Matthew M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Better understanding and more accurate prediction of heat transfer and cooling flows in aero engine components in steady and transient operating regimes are essential to modern engine designs aiming at reduced cooling air consumption and improved engine efficiencies. This paper presents a simplified coupled transient analysis methodology that allows assessment of the aerothermal and thermomechanical responses of engine components together with cooling air mass flow, pressure and temperature distributions in an automatic fully integrated way. This is achieved by assembling a fluid network with contribution of components of different geometrical dimensions coupled to each other through dimensionally heterogeneous interfaces. More accurate local flow conditions, heat transfer and structural displacement are resolved on a smaller area of interest with multidimensional surface coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD)/FE codes. Contributions of the whole engine air-system are predicted with a faster monodimensional flow network code. Matching conditions at the common interfaces are enforced at each time-step exactly by employing an efficient iterative scheme. The coupled simulation is performed on an industrial high pressure turbine (HPT) disk component run through a square cycle. Predictions are compared against the available experimental data. The paper proves the reliability and performance of the multidimensional coupling technique in a realistic industrial setting. The results underline the importance of including more physical details into transient thermal modeling of turbine engine components.