bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical stimulation regulates differentiation of bone marrow stem cells by modulating miR-140-5p via TGFβ1/Smad2 signaling pathway
Authors: Qian Yuepeng , Zhu Guozheng , Ye Zelin , Zeng Canjun , Li Runguang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis is a common progressive bone disease that drastically impairs patient health, independent mobility, and quality of life, and there is an urgent need for improved preventive and therapeutic strategies. A shift in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) differentiation from osteogenic to adipogenic may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Mechanical stress on BMSCs is reported to promote osteogenesis, so we examined the effects of mechanical stimulation on BMSC differentiation and associated signaling pathways.Methods: A sinusoidal tensile stress loading device was developed and examined effects of mechanical (stretch) stimulation on cultured BMSC (isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats) phenotype under osteogenic and adipogenic culture conditions. Osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and expression of Runx2 and BMP2, while adipogenic differentiation was evaluated by oil red O staining and expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα.Results: It demonstrated that appropriate mechanical stimulation could promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibit differentiation into adipocytes. The mechanic stimuli could inhibit the expression of miR-140-5P in BMSCs, and the overexpression of miR-140-5P inhibited the osteogenic differentiation, whereas the inhibition of miR-140-5P promoted the osteogenic differentiation. Further, both mechanical stimulation and miR-140-5p knockdown promoted TGFβ1/Smad2 signaling, while miR-140-5p overexpression downregulated TGFβ1/ Smad2 signaling.Conclusions: Appropriate mechanical stimulation promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by lowering miR-140-5p expression, which in turn upregulates the TGFβ1/Smad2 signaling pathway. Our results provide a foundation for the development of effective strategies to promote bone remodeling, thereby lowering the burden of osteoporosis.
Incidence and determinants of mortality among HIV infected adult patients on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Workie Shimelash Bitew , Lijalem Habtamu , Suleiman Mohammed , Adafrie Takele Tadesse 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Antiretroviral therapy has been highly associated with reduction in the incidence of mortality in HIV/AIDS patients over time. However, there is a regional variation in the extent of reducing the incidence of mortality in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Hence, this study was conducted to generate summary evidences-based data for incidence of mortality and determinants of mortality. Methods Articles were comprehensively searched on Pub Med, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, Scopus, and DOAJ databases using Boolean operators. A Dersimonian and Laird methods of random effect model was used to estimate incidence and determinants of mortality. Heterogeneity, publication bias and quality of each study were checked. Subgroup analysis was employed. Relevant data from each study were extracted. STATA software version 14 was used for all statistical analysis. ResultA total of 21 articles were finally reviewed and analyzed. Incidence of mortality was found to be 5/100-person year of observation (95% CI: 4 – 5/100pyo). Most of the death (67%) occurred during the first year of HAART initiation. Baseline Advanced WHO clinical stage (PHR (Pooled Hazard Rate) 2.88; 95%CI: 2.2 – 3.8), low CD4 cells count (PHR 1.88; 95% CI: 1.5 – 2.4), low body weight (PHR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2 – 2.2), low hemoglobin level (PHR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.7 – 3.4), presence of TB infection (PHR 2.9; 95% CI: 2.13 – 4.61), non – working functional status (PHR 3.9; 95% CI: 2.8 – 5.4), bad medication adherence (PHR 4.8; 95% CI: 3.2 – 7.2), lack of cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (PHR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2 – 2.0), being male (PHR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2 – 1.8) and older age (PHR 1.2; 95% CI: 1.04 – 1.41) were significantly associated with increased mortality in this study. ConclusionIncidence of mortality was high particularly early in the course of therapy. Advanced WHO clinical stage, CD4 cells count low body weight, low hemoglobin level presence of TB infection, bad medication adherence older age and non-working functional status were significant determinants of incidence of mortality. Comprehensive service and strict follow up should be given to avert this high rate of mortality.
The Effect of Air Pollution and Temperature on Pulmonary Function in Healthy People in Xi’an, China
Authors: Yao Yang , Zhou Jing , Tian Yao , Diao Xin , Chen Hui , Zhang Jinzhao , Wang Shengyu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Temperature and air pollution has been reported to be associated with respiratory diseases. However, little is known about these effects on healthy people, and the potential interaction between the two factors is still uncertain. This study aims to estimate the effects of air pollution combined with temperature on lung function in healthy people. Methods The lung function of 132 healthy people was measured in Xi’an, Shaanxi province of Northwest China in summer and winter. Meanwhile, the daily concentrations of air pollution and temperature were obtained from monitoring stations. Statistical analyses were assessed by generalized estimating equations (GEEs). Results Every 10μg/m 3 increase of PM 2.5 concentration, PEF change amount is -0.007L/min (95% CI: -0.013, -0.001 L/min), FEV1 is -0.004 (95% CI: -0.006, -0.001 L/min),FEF25-75% is -0.002(95% CI: -0.003, -0.001 L/min) FEV1/FVC change amount is -0.074 L/min (95% CI: -0.115, -0.033 L/min). Lag effects showed that Lag0 of FEV1, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75% were more strongly associated with PM2.5. There was no significant interaction between PM 2.5 and temperature. Conclusions Our findings indicate that PM 2.5 has an acute adverse effect on lung function in winter, and the lung function is less affected by temperature change in Xi’an.
Incidence, cost and gender differences of oropharyngeal and noncervical anogenital cancers in South Korea
Authors: Choi Inseon , Lee Donghwan , Son Kyungbok , Bae SeungJin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with a significant public health burden, yet few studies have been conducted in Asia, especially on noncervical cancers. We estimated the incidence and cost of oropharyngeal and noncervical anogenital (anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile) cancer in Korea. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Korea’s National Health Insurance (NHI) claim database from 2013 to 2016. The main outcome measures were the number of respective cancer incidences during the study period and the annual costs per patient in the first year after diagnosis, which was adjusted by relevant variables based on the regression analysis. Results : During the study period, 8,022 patients with these cancers were identified, and oropharyngeal cancer comprised 46% of them. The incidence rate for male oropharyngeal cancer was significantly higher than that of females (3.1 vs. 0.7 per 100,000 as of 2016, respectively). Additionally, the incidence of male oropharyngeal cancer increased from 2.7 in 2013 to 3.1 in 2016, whereas that of female and other cancers was stable during the study period. The mean annual incidence-based cost per patient in 2016 was highest for oropharyngeal cancers (21,870 USD), and it was significantly higher in males than in females based on then regression analysis (p <.001). Conclusions: Oropharyngeal cancer comprises the highest number of HPV-associated noncervical cancer incidences in Korea, and the incidence and cost of oropharyngeal cancer was significantly higher among males than females. More aggressive public health policy toward males may decrease gender gap of oropharyngeal cancer.
Conservation of cannonball underwater heritage in the shipwreck from the sea Batavia Jakarta Indonesia
Authors: Riyanto  , Jazuli Muhammad Malthuf , Sahroni Imam , Musawwa M. Miqdam , Cahyandaru Nahar , Wahyuni Endang Tri 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Borobudur Conservation Center Magelang, Central Java Indonesia, has received underwater cannonball heritage in the shipwreck from the sea Batavia Jakarta Indonesia. This heritage is a shipment from the Directorate for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage and the Destruction of the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. This study aims to the conservation of underwater cannonball before being stored in a museum. Removal of the protective cover crust of iron artifacts without the correct and proper method can cause the more quickly the process of corrosion. To prevent this more damaging, the conservation of artifacts in the right solution is necessary. This research aims to stop the process of corrosion and conserve objects of iron in aqueous alkali corrosion potential measurement through there. Conservation of this research was conduct in four stages. The first stage is the identification of weathering, and the second stage is the analysis and characterization of surface corrosion object using the handy microscope, XRD (x-ray Diffraction), XRF (x-ray Fluorescence), and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The third stage is the passivation/deactivation process of corrosion using sodium hydroxide, soap water and kaffir lime water. The fourth stage is stabilization/coating of materials iron cannonball underwater heritage as soon as possible using microcrystalline wax so as not further corrosion process going so that this stage should be able to complete the conservation problems of the object until they can last for the long term. Characterization of dry and wet activated corrosion using XRD obtained mineral akaganeite. Akaganeite minerals showed active corrosion containing high concentrations of Cl atoms for dry and wet activated corrosion 66.603% and 64.963%, respectively. After being conserved with several steps and using NaOH, soap water and kaffir lime water show inactive corrosion. Based on the results of analysis with XRF cannonball does not contain Cl and Fe content reaches 98.99%. The conservation method used in this research is excellent and appropriate to conserve the objects of cultural heritage cannonball material underwater iron heritage.
Disrupted Time-Dependent and Functional Connectivity Brain Network in Alzheimer's Disease: A Resting-State fMRI Study Based on Visibility Graph
Authors: Gao Zhongke , Feng Yanhua , Ma Chao , Ma Kai , Cai Qing , and for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative  
Published: February 2020

Background:
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with insidious
onset, which is difficult to be reversed and cured. Therefore, discovering more precise biological
information from neuroimaging biomarkers is crucial for accurate and automatic detection of AD.

Methods:
We innovatively used a Visibility Graph (VG) to construct the time-dependent brain networks
as well as functional connectivity network to investigate the underlying dynamics of AD brain based on
functional magnetic resonance imaging. There were 32 AD patients and 29 Normal Controls (NCs) from
the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. First, the VG method mapped the
time series of single brain region into networks. By extracting topological properties of the networks, the
most significant features were selected as discriminant features into a supporting vector machine for
classification. Furthermore, in order to detect abnormalities of these brain regions in the whole AD
brain, functional connectivity among different brain regions was calculated based on the correlation of
regional degree sequences.

Results:
According to the topology abnormalities exploration of local complex networks, we found several
abnormal brain regions, including left insular, right posterior cingulate gyrus and other cortical regions.
The accuracy of characteristics of the brain regions extracted from local complex networks was
88.52%. Association analysis demonstrated that the left inferior opercular part of frontal gyrus, right
middle occipital gyrus, right superior parietal gyrus and right precuneus played a tremendous role in
AD.

Conclusion:
These results would be helpful in revealing the underlying pathological mechanism of the
disease.
Proteomic Level Changes on Treatment in MCF-7/DDP Breast Cancer Drug- Resistant Cells
Authors: Jin Gongshen , Wang Kangwei , Liu Yonghong , Liu Xianhu , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhang Hao 
Published: February 2020

Background:
LCL161, a SMAC’S small molecule mimetic, can bind to a variety of IAPs and activate
Caspases. We found that on its own, LCL161induces apoptosis of drug-resistant breast cancer cells by
binding to a variety of IAPs and activating Caspases. However, when LCL161 is used in combination with
Caspase Inhibitors (CI), its capacity to induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells is enhanced.

Objective:
To carry out proteomic and bioinformatics analysis of LCL161 in combination with CI. We aim to
identify the key proteins and mechanisms of breast cancer drug-resistant apoptosis, thereby aiding in the breast
cancer drug resistance treatment and identification of drug targeting markers.

Methods:
Cell culture experiments were carried out to explore the effect of LCL161 combined with CI on the
proliferation of breast cancer drug-resistant cells. Proteomic analysis was carried out to determine the protein
expression differences between breast cancer drug-resistant cells and LCL161 combined with CI treated cells.
Bioinformatics analysis was carried out to determine its mechanism of action. Validation of proteomics results
was done using Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM).

Results:
Cell culture experiments showed that LCL161 in combination with CI can significantly promote the
apoptosis of breast cancer drug-resistant cells. Up-regulation of 92 proteins and down-regulation of 114 proteins
protein were noted, of which 4 were selected for further validation.

Conclusion:
Our results show that LCL161 combined with CI can promote the apoptosis of drug-resistant breast
cancer cells by down-regulation of RRM2, CDK4, and ITGB1 expression through Cancer pathways, p53 or
PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In addition, the expression of CDK4, RRM2, and CDC20 can be down-regulated
by the nuclear receptor pathway to affect DNA transcription and replication, thereby promoting apoptosis of
breast cancer drug-resistant cells.
Upregulation of Antioxidant Gene Expressions and Enzyme Activity Against Acrylamide-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice after Grape Seed Extract Treatment
Authors: Albogami Sarah 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The risk of occupational exposure to acrylamide is high and long-term acrylamide exposure can cause neurotoxicity. Thus, therapeutic agents that can protect against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity are needed.

Objective:
To investigate whether Grape Seed Extract (GSE) protects against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in mice.

Methods:
Mice were divided into saline, GSE, acrylamide, GSE followed by acrylamide, acrylamide followed by GSE, and simultaneous acrylamide and GSE treatment groups. Gene expression and antioxidant enzyme levels were then determined using RT-PCR and biochemical assays.

Results:

Gpx1 (P < 0.05), Prdx3 (P < 0.01), SOD1 (P < 0.05), and CAT (P < 0.05) significantly upregulated in GSE-treated mice, compared to those in untreated controls. In contrast, Gpx1 (P < 0.05), Prdx3 (P < 0.05), SOD1 (P < 0.05), and CAT (P < 0.05) significantly downregulated in acrylamide-treated mice compared to those in untreated controls. Results of the treatment with GSE before exposure to acrylamide or simultaneously with acrylamide indicated that GSE restored Gpx1, Prdx3, SOD1, and CAT expression to similar levels as those in the control group. GSE treatment after exposure to acrylamide did not exert any neuroprotective effects against acrylamide, as revealed by significant downregulation of Gpx1 (P < 0.05), Prdx3 (P < 0.01), SOD1 (P < 0.05), and CAT (P < 0.05) compared to that in untreated controls. Animals treated with grape seed before acrylamide treatment showed no significant change in LPO activities and a significant increase in GSH levels, compared to those in untreated controls.

Conclusion:
GSE exerted neuroprotective effects against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity. Acrylamide caused oxidative stress 20 days post-exposure. However, grape seed treatment before exposure to acrylamide restored all test parameters to levels similar to control values.
Nano Technological Approaches for Anti-tumour Therapy: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Champaneria Krishna , Prajapati Prajesh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract::
Cancer is a leading cause of mortality, and its individual and collective impact is substantial.
Conventional chemotherapy utilizes drugs that effectively destroy tumour cells. However,
these agents destroy healthy cells along with the tumour cells, leading to many adverse effects,
which include hypersensitivity reactions, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. To minimize these
adverse effects, various drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been developed. Among them, nano
drug delivery systems are particularly attractive platform. Thus, this review paper explores recent
work on targeted delivery; tumour accumulation enhancement and sustained blood circulation
using more effective biomaterials to enhance the properties of nanoparticles. Moreover, various
target-specific drug delivery mechanisms, such as antibody-mediated delivery as well as the targeting
of angiogenesis, mitochondria, and the CD44 receptor, are also explained.
Nutraceuticals for Promoting Longevity
Authors: Pavlović Ivan , Khateb Soliman , Milisav Irina , Mahajna Jamal 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To summarize the main findings on nutraceuticals that slow aging processes by
delaying and even preventing the development of multiple chronic diseases and improve productivity and
quality of life in the elderly.

Methods:
Literature search of the relevant papers known to the authors was conducted.

Results:
The most robust environmental manipulation for extending lifespan is caloric restriction without
malnutrition. Some nutraceuticals can mimic caloric restriction effects. This review will focus on the
nutraceuticals that impact insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling and sirtuin activity in mediating
longevity and healthspan.

Conclusion:
Aging is considered to be synonymous with the appearance of major diseases and an overall
decline in physical and mental performance. Caloric restriction is well established as a strategy to extend
lifespan without malnutrition. A variety of nutraceuticals were reported to mimic the effect of caloric
restriction by modulating the activity of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling and sirtuin activity
and consequently promote longevity and healthspan.
Multi-scale Entropy and Multiclass Fisher’s Linear Discriminant for Emotion Recognition Based on Multimodal Signal
Authors: Hakim Lutfi , Kristanto Sepyan Purnama , Khoirunnisaa Alfi Zuhriya , Wibawa Adhi Dharma 
Published: February 2020

Emotion recognition using physiological signals has been a special topic frequently discussed by researchers and practitioners in the past decade. However, the use of SpO2 and Pulse rate signals for emotion recognitionisvery limited and the results still showed low accuracy. It is due to the low complexity of SpO2 and Pulse rate signals characteristics. Therefore, this study proposes a Multiscale Entropy and Multiclass Fisher’s Linear Discriminant Analysis for feature extraction and dimensional reduction of these physiological signals for improving emotion recognition accuracy in elders. In this study, the dimensional reduction process was grouped into three experimental schemes, namely a dimensional reduction using only SpO2 signals, pulse rate signals, and multimodal signals (a combination feature vectors of SpO2 and Pulse rate signals). The three schemes were then classified into three emotion classes (happy, sad, and angry emotions) using Support Vector Machine and Linear Discriminant Analysis Methods. The results showed that Support Vector Machine with the third scheme achieved optimal performance with an accuracy score of 95.24%. This result showed a significant increase of more than 22%from the previous works.
Endodontic Access Effect on Full Contour Zirconia and Lithium Disilicate Failure Resistance
Authors: Mallya J , DuVall N , Brewster J , Roberts H 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARY

Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of endodontic access on the failure load resistance of both adhesively and conventionally luted, full-contour monolithic yttria-stabilized zirconium dioxide (Y-TZP) and adhesively luted lithium disilicate (LD) crowns cemented on prepared teeth.

Methods and Materials:
Seventy-two human maxillary molars were prepared per respective guidelines for all-ceramic crowns with one group (n=24) restored with LD and the other (n=48) receiving Y-TZP crowns. Preparations were scanned using computer-aided design/computer-aided milling (CAD/CAM) technology, and milled crowns were sintered following manufacturer recommendations. All LD crowns and half (n=24) of the Y-TZP crowns were adhesively cemented, while the remaining Y-TZP specimens were luted using a conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC). One LD group, one Y-TZP adhesive group, and one GIC-luted group (all n=12) then received endodontic access preparations by a board-certified endodontist: the pulp chambers were restored with a dual-cure, two-step, self-etch adhesive and a dual-cure resin composite core material. The access preparations were restored using a nano-hybrid resin composite after appropriate ceramic margin surface preparation. After 24 hours, all specimens were loaded axially until failure; mean failure loads were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test (α=0.05)

Results:
Endodontic access did not significantly reduce the failure load of adhesively luted LD or Y-TZP crowns, but Y-TZP crowns with GIC cementation demonstrated significantly less failure load.

Conclusions:
These initial findings suggest that endodontic access preparation may not significantly affect failure load resistance of adhesively luted Y-TZP and LD crowns. Definitive recommendations cannot be proposed until fatigue testing and coronal seal evaluations have been accomplished.