bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat, health and hatchlings: associations of in situ nest temperatures with morphological and physiological characteristics of loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings from Florida
Authors: Fleming Kelsey A , Perrault Justin R , Stacy Nicole I , Coppenrath Christina M , Gainsbury Alison M 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIncubation temperatures, in addition to an embryo’s genetic makeup, are critical in many aspects of adequate sea turtle embryonic development. The effects of high and low incubation temperatures on hatchling quality have been previously examined; however, many of these studies were conducted on relocated or laboratory-reared nests, which do not accurately reflect natural nest temperature fluctuations. To observe the impacts of varying in situ incubation temperatures on loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) hatchling morphology, various health variables and locomotor performance, temperature data loggers were deployed in 15 loggerhead nests on Juno Beach, Florida, between May and July 2018. Over the course of the study period, 10 morphological traits were measured, blood analytes and heart rate were assessed for the establishment of reference intervals and the self-righting response in seawater was evaluated. Warmer months were associated with smaller body size and higher body condition index, larger umbilical scar size, slower righting time, lower heart rates and higher packed cell volume, hemoglobin, total solids, total white blood cell count, absolute heterophils and absolute basophils. These findings provide evidence that higher in situ incubation temperatures have the potential to adversely affect hatchlings from warmer nests due to increased risk of predation from smaller body sizes, decreased physical responses and overall fitness, altered hemodynamic balance (e.g. dehydration) and potential inflammation and/or stress. With rising temperatures, we predict sea turtle hatchlings may have increasing risks of developing suboptimal physiological features affecting overall fitness and ultimately survival. These results demonstrate that rising environmental temperatures can negatively impact sea turtle hatchlings, thus representing additional stress on sea turtle populations and contributing to our understanding of potential pathophysiological effects of climate change on the delicate life-stage class of the sea turtle hatchling. This information will be useful for formulating effective future sea turtle management plans.
Cylinder mitral and tricuspid valve replacement in neonates and small children
Authors: Myers Patrick O , Dave Hitendu , Kretschmar Oliver , Sologashvili Tornike , Pfister Raymond , Prêtre René 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOBJECTIVESAtrioventricular valve replacement in small children is associated with high morbidity and mortality. There are no prostheses available with a diameter ˂15 mm. This study reports our initial experience with a cylinder valve for mitral and tricuspid valve replacement in infants and small children.METHODSOur cylinder valve was hand-made for patients requiring atrioventricuclar valve replacement with an annulus of &lt;15 mm. A 12-mm Contegra valve was prepared and placed inside a 14-mm Gore-Tex tube graft and sutured on both extremities.RESULTSEight patients were included, with a median age of 6.9 months (range 1 day to 38 months). Four had mitral and 4 had tricuspid valve replacement. All implants were technically successful, with no significant regurgitation, no stenosis and no left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. There were 3 early deaths from low cardiac output, in patients with significant associated lesions (severe neonatal Ebstein’s, pulmonary artery-intact ventricular septum, biventricular conversion from Norwood stage 1). Two patients required early reintervention: 1 for balloon dilatation for stenosis and 1 for reoperation for paravalvular leak. During follow-up, 2 patients had mitral valve replacement with a 16-mm mechanical valve at 9 and 20 months from the cylinder valve implantation. The remaining 2 patients are alive and well 2 years and 2 months after the procedure.CONCLUSIONSCylinder valve replacement of atrioventricular valves was feasible without any technical issues. It was successful in getting out of a difficult situation and allows for somatic growth and implantation of a reasonably-sized mechanical prosthesis on the annulus.
Association of hypertension and antihypertensive treatment with COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Gao Chao , Cai Yue , Zhang Kan , Zhou Lei , Zhang Yao , Zhang Xijing , Li Qi , Li Weiqin , Yang Shiming , Zhao Xiaoyan , Zhao Yuying , Wang Hui , Liu Yi , Yin Zhiyong , Zhang Ruining , Wang Rutao , Yang Ming , Hui Chen , Wijns William , McEvoy J William , Soliman Osama , Onuma Yoshinobu , Serruys Patrick W , Tao Ling , Li Fei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
It remains unknown whether the treatment of hypertension influences the mortality of patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods and results
This is a retrospective observational study of all patients admitted with COVID-19 to Huo Shen Shan Hospital. The hospital was dedicated solely to the treatment of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Hypertension and the treatments were stratified according to the medical history or medications administrated prior to the infection. Among 2877 hospitalized patients, 29.5% (850/2877) had a history of hypertension. After adjustment for confounders, patients with hypertension had a two-fold increase in the relative risk of mortality as compared with patients without hypertension [4.0% vs. 1.1%, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–3.82, P = 0.013]. Patients with a history of hypertension but without antihypertensive treatment (n = 140) were associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality compared with those with antihypertensive treatments (n = 730) (7.9% vs. 3.2%, adjusted HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.03–4.57, P = 0.041). The mortality rates were similar between the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor (4/183) and non-RAAS inhibitor (19/527) cohorts (2.2% vs. 3.6%, adjusted HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.28–2.58, P = 0.774). However, in a study-level meta-analysis of four studies, the result showed that patients with RAAS inhibitor use tend to have a lower risk of mortality (relative risk 0.65, 95% CI 0.45–0.94, P = 0.20).

Conclusion
While hypertension and the discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment are suspected to be related to increased risk of mortality, in this retrospective observational analysis, we did not detect any harm of RAAS inhibitors in patients infected with COVID-19. However, the results should be considered as exploratory and interpreted cautiously.
Exploring primary health care professionals’ perceptions about a patient feedback intervention to improve patient safety in Spanish primary health care centres: a qualitative study
Authors: Serrano-Ripoll Maria J , Ripoll Joana , Briones-Vozmediano Erica , Llobera Joan , Fiol-deRoque Maria A , Ricci-Cabello Ignacio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Patient feedback interventions are receiving increasing attention given their potential to improve health care provision. However, primary health care (PHC) professionals’ acceptability and perceived utility of this type of interventions remain largely unexplored.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to explore PHC professionals’ perceptions, opinions and suggestions about a patient feedback intervention currently being designed to improve patient safety in Spanish PHC centres.

Methods
We conducted an exploratory qualitative study with 43 PHC professionals. Information was obtained from three semi-structured interviews and four focus groups. All data were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using content analysis by three analysts.

Results
The patient feedback intervention was acceptable to health care professionals, who perceived it as a useful strategy to improve health care processes and activate patients. A number of factors potentially limiting the acceptability and perceived utility of the intervention were identified (low patient safety culture, low patient-centred care orientation and limited credibility of patient feedback data). Recommendations for designing and implementing the proposed intervention in the Spanish PHC centres were identified in relation to the following areas: ‘collection and analysis of feedback data’; ‘feedback display’; ‘feedback delivery’ and; ‘implementation of safety improvement initiatives’.

Conclusions
Although the proposed intervention was generally perceived as useful and acceptable, our study identified a number of tensions about the practical aspects of using the patient-reported data and the credibility of the data and what actions would arise from its use. The intervention has been adapted to address these tensions before its formal evaluation in a randomized clinical trial.
Rethinking liability rules for online hosting platforms
Authors: Buiten Miriam C , de Streel Alexandre , Peitz and Martin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
With the growing economic and societal importance of online platforms, the question of their liability for illegal content or products they host becomes more important. Based on an analysis of platforms’ incentives, we address the appropriate liability rule for hosting service providers and derive policy recommendations for an efficient liability regime in the European Union. Online hosting platforms may take monitoring efforts on their own initiative that are suboptimal due to the presence of externalities and asymmetric information problems, warranting some form of liability rules. However, for more fundamental reasons of free speech and preventing censorship, policy makers may want to be cautious in entrusting—and burdening—private parties which such an extensive ‘policing’ role. Additionally, higher monitoring requirements may disproportionally burden small entrants. As we argue, since several actors participate to the diffusion of illegal material online, the responsibility of a safe Internet should be shared among all these actors. Concrete regulatory improvements may encourage online hosting platforms to do their part in monitoring proactively and diligently.
Prediction of Breast Cancer Treatment–Induced Fatigue by Machine Learning Using Genome-Wide Association Data
Authors: Lee Sangkyu , Deasy Joseph O , Oh Jung Hun , Di Meglio Antonio , Dumas Agnes , Menvielle Gwenn , Charles Cecile , Boyault Sandrine , Rousseau Marina , Besse Celine , Thomas Emilie , Boland Anne , Cottu Paul , Tredan Olivier , Levy Christelle , Martin Anne-Laure , Everhard Sibille , Ganz Patricia A , Partridge Ann H , Michiels Stefan , Deleuze Jean-François , Andre Fabrice , Vaz-Luis Ines 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed at predicting fatigue after breast cancer treatment using machine learning on clinical covariates and germline genome-wide data.MethodsWe accessed germline genome-wide data of 2799 early-stage breast cancer patients from the Cancer Toxicity study (NCT01993498). The primary endpoint was defined as scoring zero at diagnosis and higher than quartile 3 at 1 year after primary treatment completion on European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality-of-life questionnaires for Overall Fatigue and on the multidimensional questionnaire for Physical, Emotional, and Cognitive fatigue. First, we tested univariate associations of each endpoint with clinical variables and genome-wide variants. Then, using preselected clinical (false discovery rate &lt; 0.05) and genomic (P &lt; .001) variables, a multivariable preconditioned random-forest regression model was built and validated on a hold-out subset to predict fatigue. Gene set enrichment analysis identified key biological correlates (MetaCore). All statistical tests were 2-sided.ResultsStatistically significant clinical associations were found only with Emotional and Cognitive Fatigue, including receipt of chemotherapy, anxiety, and pain. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms had some degree of association (P &lt; .001) with the different fatigue endpoints, although there were no genome-wide statistically significant (P &lt; 5.00 × 10−8) associations. Only for Cognitive Fatigue, the predictive ability of the genomic multivariable model was statistically significantly better than random (area under the curve = 0.59, P = .01) and marginally improved with clinical variables (area under the curve = 0.60, P = .005). Single nucleotide polymorphisms found to be associated (P &lt; .001) with Cognitive Fatigue belonged to genes linked to inflammation (false discovery rate adjusted P = .03), cognitive disorders (P = 1.51 × 10−12), and synaptic transmission (P = 6.28 × 10−8).ConclusionsGenomic analyses in this large cohort of breast cancer survivors suggest a possible genetic role for severe Cognitive Fatigue that warrants further exploration.
Distinct Profiles of Attention in Children Born Moderate-to-Late Preterm at 6 Years
Authors: Bogičević Lilly , Verhoeven Marjolein , van Baar Anneloes L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
Attention difficulties are commonly reported by caregivers in school-aged children born moderate-to-late preterm (MLPT; 32–36 weeks’ gestation). We aimed to assess distinct aspects of attentional functioning (i.e. orienting, alerting and executive attention, processing speed and behavioral components) in children born MLPT and full term (FT), profiles of attentional functioning, and associated risk factors such as preterm birth.

Methods
Participants were 170 (87 MLPT and 83 FT) children, evaluated on cognitive and behavioral attention aspects at 6 years of age. We used a variable-centered approach to compare attentional functioning of children born MLPT and FT at group level, and a person-centered approach to identify profiles of attentional functioning. Neonatal and demographic characteristics of these profiles were compared.

Results
The variable-centered approach showed that at group level children born MLPT had poorer orienting attention and processing speed, and behavioral attention than children born FT. The person-centered approach revealed four profiles: (a) normal attentional functioning, (b) overall poorer attention, (c) poorer cognitive attention, and (d) behavioral attention problems. Children born MLPT were overrepresented in each of the suboptimal attention profiles, and were more dispersed across profiles than children born FT.

Conclusions
Children born MLPT are at increased risk of difficulties in some attention aspects, but at group level differences with children born FT are small. However, children born MLPT show considerable variation in the nature of attention difficulties and are twice as likely to show a suboptimal attention profile, indicating a cumulation of poorer attention scores.
Cosmic Dawn II (CoDa II): a new radiation-hydrodynamics simulation of the self-consistent coupling of galaxy formation and reionization
Authors: Ocvirk Pierre , Aubert Dominique , Sorce Jenny G , Shapiro Paul R , Deparis Nicolas , Dawoodbhoy Taha , Lewis Joseph , Teyssier Romain , Yepes Gustavo , Gottlöber Stefan , Ahn Kyungjin , Iliev Ilian T , Hoffman Yehuda 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Cosmic Dawn II (CoDa II) is a new, fully coupled radiation-hydrodynamics simulation of cosmic reionization and galaxy formation and their mutual impact, to redshift z &lt; 6. With 40963 particles and cells in a 94 Mpc box, it is large enough to model global reionization and its feedback on galaxy formation while resolving all haloes above 108 M⊙. Using the same hybrid CPU–GPU code RAMSES–CUDATON as CoDa I in Ocvirk et al. (2016), CoDa II modified and re-calibrated the subgrid star formation algorithm, making reionization end earlier, at z ≳ 6, thereby better matching the observations of intergalactic Lyman α opacity from quasar spectra and electron-scattering optical depth from cosmic microwave background fluctuations. CoDa II predicts a UV continuum luminosity function in good agreement with observations of high-z galaxies, especially at z = 6. As in CoDa I, reionization feedback suppresses star formation in haloes below ∼2 × 109 M⊙, though suppression here is less severe, a possible consequence of modifying the star formation algorithm. Suppression is environment dependent, occurring earlier (later) in overdense (underdense) regions, in response to their local reionization times. Using a constrained realization of lambda cold dark matter constructed from galaxy survey data to reproduce the large-scale structure and major objects of the present-day Local Universe, CoDa II serves to model both global and local reionization. In CoDa II, the Milky Way and M31 appear as individual islands of reionization, i.e. they were not reionized by the progenitor of the Virgo cluster, or by nearby groups, or by each other.
Skeneimorph but not skeneid: systematics and anatomy of Lodderena Iredale, 1924 (Vetigastropoda: Trochoidea)
Authors: Haszprunar Gerhard , Brückner Martin , Ruthensteiner Bernhard 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe genus Lodderena Iredale, 1924 has been classified in the Skeneidae by most recent authors. However, this family, originally characterized by their minute size, lack of nacre in the teleoconch and a rhipidoglossate radula, is currently considered to be polyphyletic assemblage, and preliminary molecular systematic data suggest exclusion of Lodderena from Skeneidae. In order to shed light on the systematic position of this genus, we provide a detailed description of the anatomy and histology of the type species, Lodderena minima (Tenison-Woods, 1878), and of L. ornata (Olsson & McGinty, 1958). The anatomical data confirm the vetigastropod-trochoid nature of Lodderena but exclude the genus from Skeneidae. Skeneidae are mainly characterized by a propodial penis, a hermaphroditic condition with separated testis and ovary, and a large receptaculum in the mantle roof. In contrast, Lodderena species lack both a copulatory organ and receptaculum, and have a true ovotestis. We also provide a critical review of nominal species in the genus. Based on molecular and morphological evidence, we exclude Lodderena from Skeneidae, instead treating it as a genus incertae sedis within Trochoidea. We discuss the implications of small size for functional morphology and reproduction.
Fluxer: a web application to compute, analyze and visualize genome-scale metabolic flux networks
Authors: Hari Archana , Lobo Daniel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNext-generation sequencing has paved the way for the reconstruction of genome-scale metabolic networks as a powerful tool for understanding metabolic circuits in any organism. However, the visualization and extraction of knowledge from these large networks comprising thousands of reactions and metabolites is a current challenge in need of user-friendly tools. Here we present Fluxer (https://fluxer.umbc.edu), a free and open-access novel web application for the computation and visualization of genome-scale metabolic flux networks. Any genome-scale model based on the Systems Biology Markup Language can be uploaded to the tool, which automatically performs Flux Balance Analysis and computes different flux graphs for visualization and analysis. The major metabolic pathways for biomass growth or for biosynthesis of any metabolite can be interactively knocked-out, analyzed and visualized as a spanning tree, dendrogram or complete graph using different layouts. In addition, Fluxer can compute and visualize the k-shortest metabolic paths between any two metabolites or reactions to identify the main metabolic routes between two compounds of interest. The web application includes &gt;80 whole-genome metabolic reconstructions of diverse organisms from bacteria to human, readily available for exploration. Fluxer enables the efficient analysis and visualization of genome-scale metabolic models toward the discovery of key metabolic pathways.
The hyperthermophilic partners Nanoarchaeum and Ignicoccus stabilize their tRNA T-loops via different but structurally equivalent modifications
Authors: Rose Simon , Auxilien Sylvie , Havelund Jesper F , Kirpekar Finn , Huber Harald , Grosjean Henri , Douthwaite Stephen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe universal L-shaped tertiary structure of tRNAs is maintained with the help of nucleotide modifications within the D- and T-loops, and these modifications are most extensive within hyperthermophilic species. The obligate-commensal Nanoarchaeum equitans and its phylogenetically-distinct host Ignicoccus hospitalis grow physically coupled under identical hyperthermic conditions. We report here two fundamentally different routes by which these archaea modify the key conserved nucleotide U54 within their tRNA T-loops. In N. equitans, this nucleotide is methylated by the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent enzyme NEQ053 to form m5U54, and a recombinant version of this enzyme maintains specificity for U54 in Escherichia coli. In N. equitans, m5U54 is subsequently thiolated to form m5s2U54. In contrast, I. hospitalis isomerizes U54 to pseudouridine prior to methylating its N1-position and thiolating the O4-position of the nucleobase to form the previously uncharacterized nucleotide m1s4Ψ. The methyl and thiol groups in m1s4Ψ and m5s2U are presented within the T-loop in a spatially identical manner that stabilizes the 3′-endo-anti conformation of nucleotide-54, facilitating stacking onto adjacent nucleotides and reverse-Hoogsteen pairing with nucleotide m1A58. Thus, two distinct structurally-equivalent solutions have evolved independently and convergently to maintain the tertiary fold of tRNAs under extreme hyperthermic conditions.
A case of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy with novel ALDH7A1 mutations
Authors: Dowa Yuri , Shiihara Takashi , Akiyama Tomoyuki , Hasegawa Kosei , Inoue Fumitaka , Watanabe Mio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder typically presenting with neonatal seizures and is sometimes difficult to diagnose, because the clinical features mimic those of birth asphyxia. A Japanese newborn boy presented with pulmonary haemorrhage and convulsions on the day of birth. Brain computed tomography showed diffuse, but mild, low-density cerebral white matter and a thin subdural hematoma in the posterior fossa. He did not have thrombocytopenia or coagulopathy. His respiratory status improved with conservative treatment, but his convulsions were persistent even after prescription of several antiepileptic drugs. His serum and cerebrospinal fluid showed decreased vitamin B6 vitamers and increased upstream metabolites of α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, strongly suggesting a diagnosis of PDE; the epileptic spasms ceased after administration of intravenous pyridoxal phosphate hydrate. Gene analysis revealed novel compound heterozygous mutations in ALDH7A1 that included NM_001182.4:[c.1196G &gt; T] and [c.1200 + 1G &gt; A]. Atypical birth asphyxia with persistent neonatal seizure should prompt vitamin B6/metabolite screening.
An atypical case of ectopic ACTH syndrome in an adolescent boy
Authors: Sharma Shreya , Joshi Rajesh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome (EAS) is exceedingly rare in children and scarcely reported. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) can rarely lead to secretion of ectopic ACTH. A 14-year-old boy presented with hyperpigmentation, hypertension and intermittent abdominal pain, and was diagnosed with endogenous hypercortisolism. An incidental pancreatic mass discovered on routine ultrasonogram (USG) revealed the source of ACTH. He underwent successful excision of the mass with resolution of hypercortisolism. The histopathology revealed a Pancreatic NET and immunohistochemistry was positive for ACTH stain.