bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accepted Safe Food‐Handling Procedures Minimizes Microbial Contamination of Home‐Prepared Blenderized Tube‐Feeding
Authors: Milton Debra L. , Johnson Teresa W. , Johnson Kelly , Murphy Brie , Carter Holly , Hurt Ryan T. , Mundi Manpreet S. , Epp Lisa , Spurlock Amy Y. , Hussey Jenna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe number of patients requiring home enteral nutrition (HEN) continues to increase. Many of these patients are interested in using blended food instead of, or in addition to, commercial enteral formula (CEF). Increased risk of food‐borne illness is a concern of blenderized tube‐feeding (BTF). This project assessed a standard procedure for minimizing bacterial growth of BTF prepared in the home setting.MethodsFifty participants prepared BTF in their kitchens using a standard preparation procedure to minimize bacterial contamination. BTF was assessed for growth of aerobic microorganisms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and coliforms at baseline, 24‐hour, and 48‐hour intervals after preparation for a total of 150 colony forming units (CFU) counts performed.ResultsNo sample had zero aerobic microbial counts; yet no substantial increase in microbial counts was observed during the 48 hours. At baseline and 24 hours, 5/50 (10%) had a CFU count of >104, and at 48 hours, 6/50 (12%) exceeded 104 CFUs. Out of 150 CFU counts, 2 (1.3%) were just over 105 CFU/mL. Samples exceeding 104 CFU/mL were likely contaminated by common endospore‐forming bacteria found in soil or by bacteria in milk that was close to its expiration date.ConclusionIn this study, 88% of the samples met the US Food Code criteria for safe food consumption; 10.7% met guidelines for marginal safety by other standards; and 1.3% slightly exceeded 105 CFUs. Established safe food‐handling procedures can minimize bacterial contamination of BTF and consequently reduce risk of food‐borne infection in HEN patients.
Optimal state estimation for singular system with stochastic uncertain parameter
Authors: Yu Xingkai , Li Jianxun 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis article studies singular systems with uncertain parameters by using a direct method which is called the first restricted equivalent transformation (FRET). The stochastic uncertain parameters we studied in the article, which are more general and challenging, are different from the two existing types: time‐invariant parameters and time‐varying parameters. We propose an optimal filtering algorithm to filter out artifacts, such as noise, from the uncertain parameter by using the projection theorem and the FRET. The proposed algorithm guarantees optimum in the sense of linear minimum mean‐square error. Simulation results verify the proposed algorithm.
Anthracene‐Based Amido−Amine Cage Receptor for Anion Recognition under Neutral Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Morozov Boris S. , Namashivaya Siva S. R. , Zakharko Marina A. , Oshchepkov Aleksandr S. , Kataev Evgeny A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Evgeny A. Kataev at the Technical University Chemnitz. The cover picture shows the authors’ association of fluorescence anion sensing with pearl hunting – the activity of recovering pearls from wild molluscs. In the presented work, the group of Kataev has developed a new water‐soluble amido‐amine azacryptand bearing a fluorescence anthracene dicarboxamide fragment. With the help of the fluorescent receptors (a hand) one can catch the phosphate anion (a glowing pearl) and visualize this binding event. The recognition of phosphate and oxalate has led to a fluorescent enhancement in a selective manner. Read the full text of their Communication at 10.1002/open.201900309.
Flavones as tyrosinase inhibitors: kinetic studies in vitro and in silico
Authors: Arroo Randolph R.J. , Sari Suat , Barut Burak , Özel Arzu , Ruparelia Ketan C. , Şöhretoğlu Didem 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionTyrosinase is a multifunctional copper‐containing oxidase enzyme that catalyses the first steps in the formation of melanin pigments. Identification of tyrosinase inhibitors is of value for applications in cosmetics, medicine and agriculture.ObjectiveTo develop an analytical method that allows identification of drug‐like natural products that can be further developed as tyrosinase inhibitors. Results of in vitro and in silico studies will be compared in order to gain a deeper insight into the mechanism of action of enzyme inhibition.MethodUsing an in vitro assay we tested tyrosinase inhibitor effects of five structurally related flavones, i.e. luteolin (1), eupafolin (2), genkwanin (3), nobiletin (4), and chrysosplenetin (5). The strongest inhibitors were further investigated in silico, using enzyme docking simulations.ResultsAll compounds tested showed modest tyrosinase inhibitory effect compared to the positive control, kojic acid. The polymethoxy flavones 4 and 5 exhibited the strongest tyrosinase inhibitory effect with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 131.92 ± 1.75 μM and 99.87 ± 2.38 μM respectively. According to kinetic analysis 2, 4 and 5 were competitive inhibitors, whereas 1 and 3 were non‐competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase. Docking studies indicated that methoxy groups on 4 and 5 caused steric hindrance which prevented alternative binding modes in the tyrosinase; the methoxy groups on the B‐ring of these flavones faced the catalytic site in the enzyme.ConclusionsThe docking simulations nicely complemented the in vitro kinetic studies, opening the way for the development of predictive models for use in drug design.
Innovative method for analysis of safranal under static and dynamic conditions through combination of HS‐SPME‐GC technique with mathematical modelling
Authors: Feyzi Samira , Varidi Mehdi , Housaindokht Mohammad Reza , Es'haghi Zarrin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionSaffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a well‐known spice which is used as the colourant and flavouring agent in food products. Safranal could act as an indicator for saffron grading, authentication and adulteration, as well as for quality evaluation of saffron flavoured products; since it is the main odourant and the most aroma‐active compound of saffron.ObjectivesFirstly, determination of the optimum static conditions for safranal extraction through headspace solid‐phase micro‐extraction combined with gas chromatography (HS‐SPME‐GC) technique. Secondly, safranal measurement in different saffron flavoured products under the optimised static conditions. Thirdly, elucidation of the method efficiency for safranal measurement under non‐equilibrium conditions for a saffron drink sample.MethodsDifferent equilibrium times, pH and salt concentrations were applied on aqueous solutions of safranal. Accordingly, the optimised static conditions were determined for safranal extraction through HS‐SPME‐GC approach using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fibre.ResultsUnder static conditions, a linear response was obtained for standard curve within the safranal concentration range of 0.08–30 ppm, with R2 = 0.9999. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.04 and 0.08 ppm, respectively. Despite the fact that safranal peak area was an efficient parameter for quantifications under static conditions; its poor reproducibility was proved under dynamic conditions for the saffron drink sample. This observation necessitated application of kinetic studies on real food samples.ConclusionsSafranal extraction was successfully performed from aqueous matrices through HS‐SPME‐GC, under static conditions. Mathematical modelling resulted in kinetic parameters that improved the efficiency of safranal measurement under dynamic conditions, using PDMS fibre.
Effect of transfer type on labor's role in ownership judgments
Authors: Li Zhanxing , Zhu Liqi , Wan Yingjia , Li Jing , Yu Jing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMany property issues in real life occur in the transfer contexts. Previous studies have investigated the role of creation and value change in people's use of the labor rule when solving property issues involving conflicting cues between labor and first possession, but have neglected the possible effect of transfer types. This study explored how items get transferred from the original owner to the next affected adults' use of the labor rule when assigning ownership. Eighty‐two participants (Mage = 22.10 years) read some scenarios in which a person modified some redwoods into a set of furniture after he (a) was requested to store the redwoods for another person, (b) borrowed the redwoods from another person, or (c) found the redwoods lost by another person. Participants were then asked to decide whether the original possessor or the modifier of the transferred objects was the owner, and to explain their answers. The results showed that most subjects were inclined to select the laborer as owner in the losing context, and support the original possessor as owner in the storing context. Participants were more likely to justify their answers with the first possession heuristic in the storing context, but more likely to justify their answers with transfer types in the borrowing context and justify their answers with knowledge and intention in the losing context. The study shows that transfer types affect use of the labor rule in adults' ownership judgments, and may shed light on legislation and court decisions in real life.
Development of a communication and health literacy curriculum: Optimizing the informal cancer caregiver role
Authors: Wittenberg Elaine , Goldsmith Joy , Parnell Terri Ann 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop learning objectives and identify content for a core communication and health literacy curriculum designed to optimize the role of informal cancer caregivers (family or friends).MethodsA three‐step process was conducted: (a) two‐round online Delphi method process with experts (n = 9) in cancer caregiving to gain consensus on curriculum learning objectives; (b) online survey of oncology providers (n = 32) to generate potential content and rate importance of domains; and (c) focus group of cancer caregivers (n = 6) to explore caregiving experiences and curriculum content topics.ResultsOverall, 17 learning objectives and 53 topics were identified for a cancer caregiver communication and health literacy curriculum. Feedback from cancer caregivers did not produce any new topics yet confirmed topics generated by experts and providers. The curriculum identified as essential has been organized under the following headings: finding cancer information; assessing and integrating information; working with health care providers; getting help; talking with the care recipient; recognizing the care recipient's needs; and planning for caregiver self‐care.ConclusionsThis theoretically grounded study systematically identified seven curriculum topic areas and content unique to caregivers and included input from key stakeholders. The next step is to develop the program for dissemination and to test its impact on caregiver and patient outcomes.
Numerical Modelling of Shock Initiation of a HNIW‐Based Explosive
Authors: Lee Jaimin , Lee Kieun , Hwang Eulha , Hyun Baek Sung , Park Jung‐Su 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo investigate shock‐to‐detonation transition (SDT) characteristics of a HNIW‐based explosive, a rate law based on the Forest Fire model was calibrated by conducting five wedge tests. In the wedge tests, initial shock pressure at wedge‐shaped test explosive charges was varied from 5 to 11 GPa. In each test, the shock trajectory along the wedge‐shaped explosive charge was recorded with a streak camera. The streak records showed that sharp SDT occurred in the test explosive. The shock Hugoniot of the test explosive was determined from the free‐surface velocity of PMMA attenuators measured with a VISAR instrument and the early shock velocity in the wedges, determined from the shock trajectories. The Pop plot for the test explosive was obtained from run distances to detonation estimated based on the shock trajectories. The Forest Fire rate of the test explosive was calibrated from the experimental Hugoniot and the Pop plot. The wedge tests were numerically simulated with the calibrated rate by using a one‐dimensional Lagrangian hydrodynamic code. The calculated shock trajectories closely reproduced experimental observations. The rate was further applied to two‐dimensional numerical simulations of large‐scale gap tests (LSGTs). The estimated critical gap thickness by the LSGT simulations was 43.7 mm, which was in good agreement with experimental data of 46.67 mm. The results of these two types of numerical simulations suggested that the calibrated rate could be used to model most SDT‐related applications.
Substrate‐dependent transport mechanism in AcrB of multidrug resistant bacteria
Authors: Jewel Yead , Van Dinh Quyen , Liu Jin , Dutta Prashanta 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe multidrug resistance (MDR) system effectively expels antibiotics out of bacteria causing serious issues during bacterial infection. In addition to drug, indole, a common metabolic waste of bacteria, is expelled by MDR system of gram‐negative bacteria for their survival. Experimental results suggest that AcrB, one of the key components of MDR system, undergoes large scale conformation changes during the pumping due to proton‐motive process. However, due to extremely short time scale, it is difficult to observe (experimentally) those changes in the AcrB, which might facilitate the pumping process. Molecular simulations can shed light to understand the conformational changes for transport of indole in AcrB. Examination of conformational changes using all‐atom simulation is, however, impractical. Here, we develop a hybrid coarse‐grained force field to study the conformational changes of AcrB in presence of indole in the porter domain of monomer II. Using the coarse‐grained force field, we investigated the conformational changes of AcrB for a number of model systems considering the effect of protonation in aspartic acid (Asp) residues Asp407 and Asp408 in the transmembrane domain of monomer II. Our results show that in the presence of indole, protonation of Asp408 or Asp407 residue causes conformational changes from binding state to extrusion state in monomer II, while remaining two monomers (I and III) approach access state in AcrB protein. We also observed that all three AcrB monomers prefer to go back to access state in the absence of indole. Steered molecular dynamics simulations were performed to demonstrate the feasibility of indole transport mechanism for protonated systems. Identification of indole transport pathway through AcrB can be very helpful in understanding the drug efflux mechanism used by the MDR bacteria.
Summertime cloud phase strongly influences surface melting on the Larsen C ice shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Gilbert E. , Orr A. , King J. C. , Renfrew I. A. , Lachlan‐Cope T. , Field P. F. , Boutle I. A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSurface melting on Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves can influence ice shelf mass balance, and consequently sea level rise. We show that summertime cloud phase on the Larsen C ice shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula strongly influences the amount of radiation received at the surface and can determine whether or not melting occurs. While previous work has separately evaluated cloud phase and the surface energy balance (SEB) during summertime over Larsen C, no previous studies have examined this relationship quantitatively. Furthermore, regional climate models frequently produce surface radiation biases related to cloud ice and liquid water content. This study uses a high‐resolution regional configuration of the UK Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) to assess the influence of cloud ice and liquid properties on the SEB, and consequently melting, over the Larsen C ice shelf. Results from a case‐study show that simulations producing a vertical cloud phase structure more comparable to aircraft observations exhibit smaller surface radiative biases. A configuration of the MetUM adapted to improve the simulation of cloud phase reproduces the observed surface melt most closely. During a five‐week simulation of summertime conditions, model melt biases are reduced to <2 W·m−2: a four‐fold improvement on a previous study that used default MetUM settings. This demonstrates the importance of cloud phase in determining summertime melt rates on Larsen
C.
Sediment flux from Lesser Zab River in Dokan Reservoir: Implications for the sustainability of long‐term water resources in Iraq
Authors: Ali Ammar A. , Hassan Rebwar , Dawood Anwer Hazim , Al‐Ansari Nadhir , Ali Salahalddin S. , Knutsson Sven 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrudent management of Iraqi water resources under climate change conditions requires plans to be based on actual figures of the storage capacity of existing reservoirs. With the absence of sediment flushing measures, the actual storage capacity of Dokan Reservoir (operated since 1959) has been affected by the amount of sediment delivered during its operational life leading to an undetermined reduction in its storage capacity. In consequence, there has not been an update on the dam's operational storage capacity curves. In this research, new operational curves were established for the reservoir based on a recent bathymetric survey undertaken in 2014. The reduction in reservoir capacity during the period between 1959 and 2014 was calculated by the mean of the difference between the designed storage capacity and the storage capacity which was concluded from the 2014 bathymetric survey. Moreover, the rate of sediment transported to the reservoir was calculated based on the overall quantities of accumulated sediment and the water discharge of the Lesser Zab River into the reservoir. The results indicate that the dam capacity is reduced by 25% due to sedimentation of an estimated volume of 367 million cubic metres at water level 480 m.a.s.l. The annual sedimentation rate was about 6.6 million cubic metres, and the sediment yield was estimated to be 701.2 t∙km−3∙year.
Effect of strip harvesting on bacterial diversity of forest soils in the Daxing'an Mountains
Authors: Jia Dan , Dong Xibin , Li Yunhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStrip harvesting can improve the management of low‐quality forests, but the practice affects forest soil properties and microbial communities. The effects of different strip widths on the physicochemical properties of the forest soil and the bacterial diversity were determined. The design consisted of four strips with the same length and different widths of 6 m (ZM6), 10 m (ZM10), 14 m (ZM14), and 18 m (ZM18) and an unharvested strip (ZM0) as the control. Illumina high‐throughput sequencing was used to determine the sequence information of the soil microbial community structure in the five strips. The dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria, while the dominant bacterial genera were AD101, Rhodoplanes, and Bradyrhizobium. The strip width exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria (p < .001). The order of plots based on soil bacterial diversity (Chao1 and the abundance‐based coverage estimator [ACE]) was ZM18 > ZM10 > ZM6 > ZM14 > ZM0, and there was a highly significant positive correlation between the indices and the strip width (p < .001). Strip harvesting significantly affected soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), total potassium (TK), soil respiration (SR), soil temperature (ST), and soil moisture (SM) (p < .05). The results of a principal component analysis (PCA) showed that strip harvesting explained 23% of the bacterial variation. The 10‐m‐wide strip exhibited the most desirable effects because it had relatively rich bacterial diversity and moderate soil fertility.
Prion-like mechanisms in neurodegenerative disease: Implications for Huntington’s disease therapy
Authors: Srinageshwar Bhairavi , Petersen Robert B. , Dunbar Gary L. , Rossignol Julien 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansions in the huntingtin gene resulting in the synthesis of a misfolded form of the huntingtin protein (mHTT) which is toxic. The current treatments for HD are only palliative. Some of the potential therapies for HD include gene therapy (using antisense oligonucleotides and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 system) and stem-cell-based therapies. Various types of stem cell transplants, such as mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, and reprogrammed stem cells, have the potential to either replace the lost neurons or support the existing neurons by releasing trophic factors. Most of the transplants are xenografts and allografts; however, recent reports on HD patients who received grafts suggest that the mHTT aggregates are transferred from the host neurons to the grafted cells as well as to the surrounding areas of the graft by a “prion-like” mechanism. This observation seems to be true for autotransplantation paradigms, as well. This article reviews the different types of stem cells that have been transplanted into HD patients and their therapeutic efficacy, focusing on the transfer of mHTT from the host cells to the graft. Autotransplants of reprogramed stem cells in HD patients are a promising therapeutic option. However, this needs further attention to ensure a better understanding of the transfer of mHTT aggregates following transplantation of the gene-corrected cells back into the patient.

Significance statement Stem cell transplantation, along with gene editing using a variety of molecular tools, is one of the most promising strategies that is being investigated by many researchers as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Huntington’s disease (HD) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases in which transplantation has been widely studied using different types of innate as well as reprogrammed/modified stem cells as a potential therapy. Transplantation using different types of stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells accompanied by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9-based gene editing, was performed in laboratory settings, which could have an impact in the clinics in the near future. Though the treatment strategies had encouraging outcomes, one of the major issues identified recently was that mutant huntingtin protein aggregates transfer from the HD cells to the wild-type/transplanted cells in the host brain, by a “prion-like” mechanism. The finding brings into question to what extent these stem cell/gene-corrected cell transplants are a viable option for treating HD.