bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management guideline for Werner syndrome 2020 8. Calcification in tendons associated with Werner syndrome
Authors: Taniguchi Akira , Tanaka Yasuhito , Takemoto Minoru , Kubota Yoshitaka , Taniguchi Toshibumi , Motegi Sei‐ichiro , Nakagami Hironori , Maezawa Yoshiro , Koshizaka Masaya , Kato Hisaya , Tsukamoto Kazuhisa , Mori Seijiro , Kuzuya Masafumi , Yokote Koutaro 
Published: December 2020

AimTo clarify the diagnostic value of the calcification in the Achilles tendon for Werner syndrome.MethodsCalcification of the Achilles tendon in the plain radiograph was investigated in 92 patients with Werner syndrome provided from the nationwide secondary survey in 2010. And the same investigation was performed for 2151 feet in 1853 patients without Werner syndrome, who underwent foot and ankle surgeries at the department of orthopaedic surgery in Nara Medical University from 2004 to 2015.Result and ConclusionAchilles tendon calcification was observed in 70 (76.1%) out of 92 patients with Werner syndrome, whereas that was observed only in 19 feet (0.88%) without Werner syndrome, accompanied by 1 to 4 calcified masses with a maximum diameter ranging from 9.7mm to 63.2mm. The frequency of Achilles tendon calcification in patients with Werner syndrome is far higher than that of patients without Werner syndrome. Achilles tendon calcification could be included in the diagnostic criteria for Werner syndrome. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 163–165.
The experience of financial burden for people with multimorbidity: A systematic review of qualitative research
Authors: Larkin James , Foley Louise , Smith Susan M. , Harrington Patricia , Clyne Barbara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultimorbidity prevalence is increasing globally. People with multimorbidity have higher health care costs, which can create a financial burden.ObjectiveTo synthesize qualitative research exploring experience of financial burden for people with multimorbidity.Search strategySix databases were searched in May 2019. A grey literature search and backward and forward citation checking were also conducted.Inclusion criteriaStudies were included if they used a qualitative design, conducted primary data collection, included references to financial burden and had at least one community‐dwelling adult participant with two or more chronic conditions.Data extraction and synthesisScreening and critical appraisal were conducted by two reviewers independently. One reviewer extracted data from the results section; this was checked by a second reviewer. GRADE‐CERQual was used to summarize the certainty of the evidence. Data were analysed using thematic synthesis.Main resultsForty‐six studies from six continents were included. Four themes were generated: the high costs people with multimorbidity experience, the coping strategies they use to manage these costs, and the negative effect of both these on their well‐being. Health insurance and government supports determine the manageability and level of costs experienced.DiscussionFinancial burden has a negative effect on people with multimorbidity. Continuity of care and an awareness of the impact of financial burden of multimorbidity amongst policymakers and health care providers may partially address the issue.Patient or public contributionResults were presented to a panel of people with multimorbidity to check whether the language and themes ‘resonated’ with their experiences.
Preparation of aluminum oxide coating on carbon/carbon composites using a new detonation sprayer
Authors: Sirota Viacheslav , Pavlenko Viacheslav , Cherkashina Natalia , Kovaleva Marina , Tyurin Yurii , Kolisnichenko Oleg 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new multi‐chamber cumulative detonation sprayer (MCDS) was applied to fabricate an aluminum oxide coating on carbon/carbon composites. MCDS provides heating and acceleration of ceramic micropowders by means of combustible gas mixture detonation products with a frequency of 20 Hz and above. The ceramic aluminum oxide particle kinetic energy ensures the destruction of the weakened areas on the carbon‐carbon composite material surface and the incorporation of these particles into the surface layer. The following powder particles decelerate on the already fixed particles and form a ceramic coating. The formed aluminum oxide coating is characterized by high hardness and low porosity (<1%). MCDS provides the formation of a high‐quality ceramic layer, which can also serve as the basis for the formation of protective heat‐resistant coatings.
Selenium doping induced two antiferromagnetic transitions in thiospinel compounds CuCo2S4‐xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8)
Authors: Feng Zhenjie , Hou Qiang , Li Tao , Wang Ke , Wu Hao , Si Jingying , Lv Wenlai , Ge Jun‐Yi , Cao Shixun , Zhang Jincang , Yeh Nai‐Chang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA series of copper thiospinel compounds, CuCo2S4‐xSex (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8), have been successfully synthesized by solid‐state reaction and their structure and magnetic properties have been studied. The Rietveld refinements of X‐ray diffractions indicate that both the lattice constants and the nearest‐neighbor Cu‐Cu distances increase with increasing selenium doping. A weakly antiferromagnetic transition occurring at about 4 K is observed in CuCo2S4. Two antiferromagnetic transitions at about 3.5 K and 6 K are observed in selenium‐doped samples, which suggest that the exchange couplings associated with Cu‐S(Se)‐Cu and Cu‐Se(S)‐Cu, respectively, are responsible for the two antiferromagnetic transitions. Detailed analysis of the experimental results further indicates that the nearest‐neighbor molecular field coefficient is comparable to the next‐neighbor molecular field coefficient. We propose a reasonable model to explain this phenomenon.
STATISTICAL EQUILIBRIUM METHODS IN ANALYTICAL POLITICAL ECONOMY
Authors: Scharfenaker Ellis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEconomic systems produce robust statistical patterns in key sate variables including prices and incomes. Statistical equilibrium methods explain the distributional properties of state variables as arising from specific institutional, environmental, and behavioral postulates. Two broad traditions have developed in political economy with the complementary aim of conceptualizing economic processes as irreducibly statistical phenomena but differ in their methodologies and interpretations of statistical explanation. These conceptual differences broadly mirror the methodological divisions in statistical mechanics, but also emerge in distinct ways when considered in the context of social sciences. This paper surveys the use of statistical equilibrium methods in analytical political economy and identifies the leading methodological and philosophical questions in this growing field of research.
The Effect of Rural Residence on Cancer‐Related Self‐Efficacy With UK Cancer Survivors Following Treatment
Authors: Nelson David , Law Graham R. , McGonagle Ian , Turner Paul , Jackson Christine , Kane Ros 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo examine rural and urban differences in cancer‐related self‐efficacy with UK cancer survivors following treatment.MethodsA cross‐sectional postal survey with posttreatment cancer survivors in the East Midlands of England. The survey collected data on demographics and cancer‐related self‐efficacy using the Cancer Survivors Self‐Efficacy Scale. Rural‐urban residence was determined using Office for National Statistics classifications. Linear Regression models were developed using a Directed Acyclic Graph that determined confounding variables. When the model deviated from normal the outcome variable was transformed using the Box‐Cox transformation.FindingsOf those surveyed, 227 responded, of whom 58% were female and 45% lived in a rural area. A linear regression model showed a significant increase in cancer‐related self‐efficacy in cancer survivors living in rural areas compared to urban residents (0.76, 95% CI: 0.25‐1.27), although the residual plot deviated from a normal distribution. A model of the effect of rural living on a Box‐Cox transformed outcome variable confirmed an increased cancer‐related self‐efficacy score in rural regions (9.06, 95% CI: 2.97‐15.14). Rural living remained significant (7.98, 95% CI: 1.78‐14.19) after adjustment for the respondents’ income. Similarly adjusting for deprivation led to a significant increase in cancer‐related self‐efficacy in rural regions (8.64, 95% CI: 2.48‐14.79).ConclusionThis study has important implications when considering the impact of location of residence on cancer‐related self‐efficacy in cancer survivorship. The role of deprivation had some impact for sample respondents in both the urban and rural environment and merits further analysis.
Diagnostic accuracy of computer aided electrocardiogram analysis in dogs
Authors: Estrada A. H. , Spake A. , Kleman M. E. , Leeder D. , Blischok‐Lapekas D. , Margiocco M. , Gentile‐Solomon J. , Piscitelli N. , Szlosek D. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesEvaluation of a computerised electrocardiogram algorithm compared to the interpretation of a team of board‐certified veterinary cardiologists.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional retrospective cohort study. A total of 399 electronic canine electrocardiogram recordings screened from 1391 electrocardiograms were enrolled in the study. A panel of seven cardiologists, masked to patient information, evaluated electrocardiograms for the following: P‐wave amplitude and duration; PR‐interval; R‐wave amplitude; QRS duration; heart rate; mean electrical axis; and final overall diagnosis for the detection of arrhythmia and any abnormal electrocardiogram anomaly.ResultsThe sensitivity of the electrocardiogram algorithm for detecting arrhythmias was 99.7% (95% confidence intervals, CI: 98.5 to 99.9) and the specificity was 99.5% (95% CI: 98.0 to 99.9) compared to the consensus result created by panel of cardiologists. The sensitivity of the algorithm for the detection of any electrocardiogram anomaly, including abnormal measurements, was 71.3% (95% CI: 65.5 to 76.7) and the specificity was 35.1% (95% CI: 27.0 to 43.8) compared to the panel of cardiologists.Clinical SignificanceThe electrocardiogram algorithm was shown to have high sensitivity for the detection of arrhythmias, but not all electrocardiogram anomalies. The results support the use of this algorithm as a tool to aid in the triage of the electrocardiogram workflow.
Joint laxity in canine hip dysplasia assessed using the hip flexed not distracted ventrodorsal view
Authors: Meomartino L. , Greco A. , Mennonna G. , Auletta L. , Pasolini M. P. , Fatone G. , Costanza D. , Lamagna B. , Valle G. D. , Lamagna F. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesThe ventrodorsal hip extended standard view is conventionally used for radiographic screening of canine hip dysplasia. However, because the ventrodorsal hip extended standard view minimises hip joint laxity, several alternative views have been proposed. Our aim was to evaluate a new ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted view to assess joint laxity, by comparing it with the ventrodorsal hip extended standard and ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted views.Materials and MethodsBetween April 2013 and March 2017, all dogs referred to the University of Naples “Federico II” for the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia were studied using the ventrodorsal hip extended standard, ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted and ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted views. The Norberg angle and the laxity index were measured for each view.ResultsOverall, 102 dogs, 67 males and 35 females, mean age 15 months, were included. The mean (±standard deviation) Norberg angles were 99.77° (±10.42°), 89.29° (±14.32°) and 91.80° (±13.50°) for the ventrodorsal hip extended standard, ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted and ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted views, respectively. The mean (± standard deviation) laxity indices were 0.19 (± 0.14), 0.39 (± 0.25) and 0.36 (± 0.21), respectively. The ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted and ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted views had lower Norberg angle and higher laxity index values compared with the ventrodorsal hip extended standard view. The ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted and ventrodorsal hip extended standard views are in strong agreement for the measurement of both Norberg angle and laxity index, as confirmed by Bland‐Altman analysis and the intraclass correlation coefficient.Clinical SignificanceThe ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted and ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted views obtained with the hip in a neutral position reveal joint laxity better than the ventrodorsal hip extended standard view. Unlike the ventrodorsal hip flexed and distracted view, the ventrodorsal hip flexed and not distracted view does not require human operators or special devices for positioning the dog. The wide age range of the dogs enrolled might have influenced the laxity index measurements, since capsular fibrosis in older dogs reduces laxity.
Effects of commercial metronidazole and metronidazole benzoate suspensions on food intake in chinchillas
Authors: Mans C. , Fink D. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate if commercially available metronidazole and metronidazole benzoate suspensions cause a reduction in food intake in healthy chinchillas and if the reduction in food intake is dose‐dependent.Materials and MethodsTwelve chinchillas were used in a randomised, controlled, blinded, complete‐crossover study. All treatments were administered orally every 12 hours for 3 days. Metronidazole (125 mg/mL) was administered at 20 mg/kg and metronidazole benzoate (25 mg/mL) was administered at 20 and 10 mg/kg. Food intake was recorded daily. The washout period between treatments was at least 14 days.ResultsAt 20 mg/kg PO q12h administration of both commercial suspensions resulted in a significant reduction of food intake. The greatest mean reduction in food intake occurred after 2 to 3 days of drug administration (metronidazole: −54 ± 25%; metronidazole benzoate: −44 ± 36%). After administration of metronidazole benzoate at 10 mg/kg PO q12h, the reduction in food intake was significantly less pronounced (−24 ± 36%), suggesting that negative effect of metronidazole on food intake in chinchillas is dose‐dependent. Variation in metronidazole‐induced food intake reduction differed widely between individual chinchillas.Clinical SignificanceThe oral administration of commercial metronidazole and metronidazole benzoate suspensions results in a dose‐dependent clinically relevant reduction in food intake in chinchillas. Metronidazole should be used cautiously in this species and food intake should be monitored during treatment. Future studies are needed in order to determine if metronidazole at 10 mg/kg q12h is an effective therapeutic dosage in chinchillas.
The Artists’ Resale Right Directive 2001/84/EC: A means of targeted intervention for visual artists
Authors: O'Dwyer Anthony 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe antecedents of the artists’ resale right (ARR) can be traced back to late 19th century France, the droit de suite, as it then was, was as much a welfare right as it was a response to the failures of the French droit d'Auteur system to adequately reward visual artist for their creative endeavours. Today, the success of the ARR may be attested to by its prominence in international law, however, this internationalisation has not brought with it uniformity. The European experience speaks to this; under the harmonisation framework of the Artists’ Resale Right Directive 2001/84, Member States are granted significant scope in its implementation and accordingly ARR models have come to pass which encompass a social security function reflective of the original French formulation. This article, by drawing on the social history of visual artists, and by considering the nature of the ARR and its predecessor the droit de suite, argues that socially orientated ARR models, which exist in Germany and Norway, represents a modern formulation of the droit de suite which more fully responds to the needs of visual artists today.
Building respect for intellectual property—The journey toward balanced intellectual property enforcement
Authors: van Greunen Louise , Gobac Iva 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper provides a succinct history of how multilateral dialogue on intellectual property (IP) enforcement developed since the Agreement on Trade‐related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) came into effect in 1995. The early years of multilateral IP enforcement dialogue were politically volatile and turbulent; while some states strove for a further increased level of international IP enforcement, others requested to extend the transitional period to implement the minimum standards under the TRIPS Agreement. With the adoption of the WIPO Development Agenda in 2007, however, this situation started to change, and international dialogue shifted from a merely punitive conception of IP enforcement to the more holistic concept of building respect for IP. To understand the trajectory of this evolution, this article describes several IP enforcement initiatives that were undertaken somewhat contemporaneously at different international organizations, but which ultimately did not secure consensus. From this point, this paper elaborates on the concept of building respect for IP, examining its origins, its development at WIPO and the profound impact it has had on multilateral dialogue on IP enforcement, demonstrating how a development‐oriented shift in international IP policy has triggered a multilateral transformation in a more balanced, inclusive light.
Inpatient and outpatient nephrology management of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury
Authors: Ransley David G. , See Emily J. , Mizrahi Alice , Robbins Ray , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionAcute kidney injury (AKI) during critical illness increases the risk of subsequent chronic kidney disease. Guidelines recommend inpatient nephrology assessment and review at 3 months.ObjectivesTo quantify the prevalence and predictors of inpatient and outpatient nephrology follow‐up of AKI patients admitted to critical care areas within a tertiary hospital.MethodsRetrospective study of all critically ill adults with AKI between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2016 with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and alive and independent of renal replacement therapy for 30 days after hospital discharge. We used logistic regression models to examine the primary outcome of nephrology review at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included inpatient nephrology review, renal recovery at discharge and the development of a major adverse kidney event (MAKE) at 1 year.ResultsOf 702 critically ill patients with AKI (mean age 66 years, 64% male, baseline eGFR 78 mL/min/1.73 m2), 43 patients (6%) received nephrology follow‐up at 3 months and 63 patients (9%) at 1 year. Nephrology follow‐up occurred more frequently in patients with a higher baseline creatinine, a higher discharge creatinine and greater severity of AKI. Seventy patients (10%) underwent inpatient nephrology review. Overall, 414 (59%) had recovery of renal function by the time of discharge and 239 (34%) developed a MAKE at 12 months.ConclusionInpatient and outpatient nephrology follow‐up of AKI patients after admission to a critical care area was uncommon although one‐third developed a MAKE. These findings provide the rationale for controlled studies of nephrology follow‐up.
Chronic constipation in adults: Contemporary perspectives and clinical challenges. 1: Epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical associations, pathophysiology and investigation
Authors: Scott S. Mark , Simrén Magnus , Farmer Adam D. , Dinning Philip G. , Carrington Emma V. , Benninga Marc A. , Burgell Rebecca E. , Dimidi Eirini , Fikree Asma , Ford Alexander C. , Fox Mark , Hoad Caroline L. , Knowles Charles H. , Krogh Klaus , Nugent Karen , Remes‐Troche Jose Maria , Whelan Kevin , Corsetti Maura 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDChronic constipation is a prevalent disorder that affects patients' quality of life and consumes resources in healthcare systems worldwide. In clinical practice, it is still considered a challenge as clinicians frequently are unsure as to which treatments to use and when. Over a decade ago, a Neurogastroenterology & Motility journal supplement devoted to the investigation and management of constipation was published (2009; 21 (Suppl.2)). This included seven articles, disseminating all themes covered during a preceding 2‐day meeting held in London, entitled “Current perspectives in chronic constipation: a scientific and clinical symposium.” In October 2018, the 3rd London Masterclass, entitled “Contemporary management of constipation” was held, again over 2 days. All faculty members were invited to author two new review articles, which represent a collective synthesis of talks presented and discussions held during this meeting.PURPOSEThis article represents the first of these reviews, addressing epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical associations, pathophysiology, and investigation. Clearly, not all aspects of the condition can be covered in adequate detail; hence, there is a focus on particular “hot topics” and themes that are of contemporary interest. The second review addresses management of chronic constipation, covering behavioral, conservative, medical, and surgical therapies.
Mycorrhizal suppression and phosphorus addition influence the stability of plant community composition and function in a temperate steppe
Authors: Yang Gaowen , Zhang Yingjun , Yang Xin , Liu Nan , Rillig Matthias C. , Veresoglou Stavros D. , Wagg Cameron 
Published: December 2020

Nutrient enrichment can reduce ecosystem stability, typically measured as temporal stability of a single function, e.g. plant productivity. Moreover, nutrient enrichment can alter plant–soil interactions (e.g. mycorrhizal symbiosis) that determine plant community composition and productivity. Thus, it is likely that nutrient enrichment and interactions between plants and their soil communities co‐determine the stability in plant community composition and productivity. Yet our understanding as to how nutrient enrichment affects multiple facets of ecosystem stability, such as functional and compositional stability, and the role of above–belowground interactions are still lacking.We tested how mycorrhizal suppression and phosphorus (P) addition influenced multiple facets of ecosystem stability in a three‐year field study in a temperate steppe. Here we focused on the functional and compositional stability of plant community; functional stability is the temporal community variance in primary productivity; compositional stability is represented by compositional resistance, turnover, species extinction and invasion. Community variance was partitioned into population variance defined as community productivity weighted average of the species temporal variance in performance, and species synchrony defined as the degree of temporal positive covariation among species.Compared to treatments with mycorrhizal suppression, the intact AM fungal communities reduced community variance in primary productivity by reducing species synchrony at high levels of P addition. Species synchrony and population variance were linearly associated with community variance with the intact AM fungal communities, while these relationships were decoupled or weakened by mycorrhizal suppression. The intact AM fungal communities promoted the compositional resistance of plant communities by reducing compositional turnover, but this effect was suppressed by P addition. P addition increased the number of species extinctions and thus promoted compositional turnover.Our study shows P addition and AM fungal communities can jointly and independently modify the various components of ecosystem stability in terms of plant community productivity and composition.