bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fault diagnosis of key components in the rotating machinery based on Fourier transform multi-filter decomposition and optimized LightGBM
Authors: Zhang Changhe , Kong Li , Xu Qi , Zhou Kaibo , Pan Hao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Rotating machinery is a primary element of mechanical equipment, and thus fault diagnosis of its key components is very important to improve the reliability and safety of modern industrial systems. The key point to diagnose the faults of these components is to extract effectively the hidden fault information. However, the actual vibration signals of rotating machinery have nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics, so traditional signal decomposition methods are unable to extract the frequency components accurately, leading to spectrum overlap of the decomposed sub-signals. Therefore, a rotating machinery fault diagnosis approach based on Fourier transform multi-filter decomposition (FTMFD), fuzzy entropy (FE), joint mutual information maximization (JMIM), and a light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), is proposed in this paper. FTMFD is used to extract the frequency domain information of the raw vibration signals, whereas FE is used to calculate and extract the fault information of the decomposed sub-signals. Then feature selection is carried out by using JMIM to reduce the influence of redundant features on data analysis and classification accuracy. Furthermore, LightGBM is used to rank the candidate features and outputs the fault diagnosis result. Experimental results from two real datasets show that the proposed method achieves higher accuracy with fewer features than some existing methods for fault recognition. Various working conditions are also considered and verified.
A new traceability chain for luminance scale with LED-based transfer standard
Authors: Godo Kenji 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A new traceability chain for luminance scale is proposed for light-emitting diode (LED) luminance measurement, which utilizes a newly developed LED-based luminance standard source (luminance standard LED) as a transfer standard. Compared with conventional traceability chains for LED luminance measurement that rely on either a luminance meter to transfer the scale from the primary to the user level, the proposed scheme has a two-fold advantage. Firstly, color correction is made at the traceability source and the user is freed from performing this complicated task. Secondly, the luminance standard LED acts as the reference source for comparison measurement with a luminance meter and no other extended source facilities such as integrating spheres are necessary at the user site. Performance evaluation of the luminance standard LEDs showed spatial uniformity better than ±2.0% within a 7 mm diameter area and temporal stability of 0.01% during an 8 h operation, which verified the LEDs’ capability to serve as a reference standard source. Calibration of the luminance standard LED was performed on the luminance scale realized by illuminance to luminance conversion, and the calibration uncertainty was estimated to be U = 1.4% to 1.7% (k = 2) at the traceability source. It is expected that this will enable users to obtain luminance measurement uncertainties comparable to the conventional traceability schemes while profiting from the high practicability that the proposed scheme provides. The luminous standard LEDs are now used in a new traceability chain in Japan, contributing to improved reliability of the luminance measurement of a wide range of LED-based products such as displays.
N2 plasma-activated NiO nanosheet arrays with enhanced water splitting performance
Authors: Sai K Naga Sathya , Tang Yuanhao , Dong Lin , Yu Xin-Yao , Hong Zhanglian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
NiO is a promising electrocatalyst for electrochemical energy conversion due to its rich redox sites, low cost, and ease of synthesis. However, hindered by low electrical conductivity and limited electrocatalytic active sites, bare NiO usually exhibits poor electrochemical performance towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we develop an N2 plasma activation approach to simultaneously improve both HER and OER activity of NiO by constructing heterostructured Ni/Ni3N/NiO nanosheet arrays on Ni foam. The optimized N2 plasma-activated NiO nanosheet arrays for HER and OER (denoted as P-NiO-HER and P-NiO-OER) only need an overpotential of 46 and 294 mV, respectively, to achieve 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, for overall water splitting, the assembled electrolysis cell with P-NiO-HER and P-NiO-OER as the cathode and anode, respectively, only requires a small voltage of 1.57 V to deliver 10 mA cm−2. Remarkably, the plasma-activated NiO nanosheet arrays exhibit excellent stability for up to 50 h for HER, OER, and full water electrolysis. The strategy developed here to activate the electrocatalytic performance of metal oxides opens a new door for water splitting.
Tailored voltage waveforms applied to a capacitively coupled chlorine discharge
Authors: Skarphedinsson G A , Gudmundsson J T 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Tailored voltage waveform, composed of a fundamental frequency and the second harmonic, is applied to a capacitively coupled chlorine discharge operated in the pressure range 1–50 Pa. The electronegativity is very high and the electron power absorption is mainly due to drift-ambipolar (DA) electron power absorption within the electronegative core. For operating pressures of 1 and 10 Pa the creation of a dc self-bias and asymmetric response is demonstrated and applied to control the ion bombardment energy while the ion flux on the electrodes remains fixed. However, the available range in mean ion energy is rather limited and the range is significantly narrower than typically observed for electropositive discharges. For operating pressure of 50 Pa it is not possible to control the ion bombardment energy by the phase angle between the fundamental frequency and the second harmonic. At the low pressure of 1 Pa the power absorption by

C
l

2

+

ions dominate, while power absorption by electrons is smaller. At higher operation pressure DA power absorption by electrons dominates. The electric field within the electronegative core is high and not constant within the plasma bulk and exhibits the waveform of the discharge driving voltage for both the single frequency and dual frequency operation.
Restoring geometrical optics near caustics using sequenced metaplectic transforms
Authors: Lopez N A , Dodin I Y 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Geometrical optics (GO) is often used to model wave propagation in weakly inhomogeneous media and quantum-particle motion in the semiclassical limit. However, GO predicts spurious singularities of the wavefield near reflection points and, more generally, at caustics. We present a new formulation of GO, called metaplectic geometrical optics (MGO), that is free from these singularities and can be applied to any linear wave equation. MGO uses sequenced metaplectic transforms of the wavefield, corresponding to symplectic transformations of the ray phase space, such that caustics disappear in the new variables and GO is reinstated. The Airy problem and the quantum harmonic oscillator are described analytically using MGO for illustration. In both cases, the MGO solutions are remarkably close to the exact solutions and remain finite at cutoffs, unlike the usual GO solutions.
Polymer carriers for controlled fragrance release
Authors: Wei Min , Pan Xi , Rong Lin , Dong Aijun , He Yunlu , Song Xuyan , Li Junsheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Fragrance is a class of material commonly used in many consumer products such as food and tobacco. Since most of the fragrance is highly volatile, the successful use of fragrance in practical application requires effective preservation of fragrance with appropriate substrate material. As a low cost and versatile material, polymer holds great promise as a fragrance carrier. In this review, we summarize representative polymer carriers developed recently for sustained and controlled release of fragrance, which include natural polymers and novel synthetic polymers. The results summarized in this mini-review would shed light on the future design of advanced fragrance carrier for various applications.
Rationing care by frailty during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lewis Emma Grace , Breckons Matthew , Lee Richard P , Dotchin Catherine , Walker Richard 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is disproportionately affecting older people and those with underlying comorbidities. Guidelines are needed to help clinicians make decisions regarding appropriate use of limited NHS critical care resources. In response to the pandemic, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence published guidance that employs the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) in a decision-making flowchart to assist clinicians in assessing older individuals’ suitability for critical care. This commentary raises some important limitations to this use of the CFS and cautions against the potential for unintended impacts.
The COVID-19 pandemic has allowed the widespread implementation of the CFS with limited training or expert oversight. The CFS is primarily being used to assess older individuals’ risk of adverse outcome in critical care, and to ration access to care on this basis. While some form of resource allocation strategy is necessary for emergencies, the implementation of this guideline in the absence of significant pressure on resources may reduce the likelihood of older people with frailty, who wish to be considered for critical care, being appropriately considered, and has the potential to reinforce the socio-economic gradient in health.
Our incomplete understanding of this novel disease means that there is a need for research investigating the short-term predictive abilities of the CFS on critical care outcomes in COVID-19. Additionally, a review of the impact of stratifying older people by CFS score as a rationing strategy is necessary in order to assess its acceptability to older people as well as its potential for disparate impacts.
National trends in prescription drug expenditures and projections for 2020
Authors: Tichy Eric M , Schumock Glen T , Hoffman James M , Suda Katie J , Rim Matthew H , Tadrous Mina , Stubbings JoAnn , Cuellar Sandra , Clark John S , Wiest Michelle D , Matusiak Linda M , Hunkler Robert J , Vermeulen Lee C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To report historical patterns of pharmaceutical expenditures, to identify factors that may influence future spending, and to predict growth in drug spending in 2020 in the United States, with a focus on the nonfederal hospital and clinic sectors.

Methods
Historical patterns were assessed by examining data on drug purchases from manufacturers using the IQVIA National Sales Perspectives database. Factors that may influence drug spending in hospitals and clinics in 2020 were reviewed, including new drug approvals, patent expirations, and potential new policies or legislation. Focused analyses were conducted for specialty drugs, biosimilars, and diabetes medications. For nonfederal hospitals, clinics, and overall (all sectors), estimates of growth of pharmaceutical expenditures in 2020 were based on a combination of quantitative analyses and expert opinion.

Results
In 2019, overall US pharmaceutical expenditures grew 5.4% compared to 2018, for a total of $507.9 billion. This increase was driven to similar degrees by prices, utilization, and new drugs. Adalimumab was the top drug in US expenditures in 2019, followed by apixaban and insulin glargine. Drug expenditures were $36.9 billion (a 1.5% increase from 2018) and $90.3 billion (an 11.8% increase from 2018) in nonfederal hospitals and clinics, respectively. In clinics, growth was driven by new products and increased utilization, whereas in hospitals growth was driven by new products and price increases. Several new drugs that will likely influence spending are expected to be approved in 2020. Specialty and cancer drugs will continue to drive expenditures.

Conclusion
For 2020 we expect overall prescription drug spending to rise by 4.0% to 6.0%, whereas in clinics and hospitals we anticipate increases of 9.0% to 11.0% and 2.0% to 4.0%, respectively, compared to 2019. These national estimates of future pharmaceutical expenditure growth may not be representative of any particular health system because of the myriad of local factors that influence actual spending.
Documentation of contraceptive counseling in female veterans of reproductive age
Authors: Schexnayder Chandler D , King Shani , Emelogu Oluchi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the rate at which contraceptive counseling is provided to women of childbearing age prescribed teratogenic medications at Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC). Women of childbearing age comprise a large demographic of women veterans and may require contraceptive counseling in the event a potentially teratogenic medication is prescribed. According to multiple studies, overall documentation of contraceptive counseling occurs in approximately half of this population or less. The rate of documented contraceptive counseling at MEDVAMC is unknown.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of electronic health records was conducted from January 2017 to August 2018. Patients included were female veterans between 18 and 45 years of age who made 2 or more visits to MEDVAMC prior to filling a prescription for a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, or angiotensin II receptor blocker. Charts were screened for documentation of contraceptive counseling (including family planning counseling), prescribed contraception, and pregnancy testing prior to dispensing of a potentially teratogenic prescription.

Results
There were 172 female veterans included in this project. Documentation of contraceptive counseling occurred in 63% (n = 108) of patients; in total, 42% (n = 73) of patients were on some form of contraception, with the most common being oral contraceptive pill (used by 30% of women).

Conclusion
The rate of documentation of contraceptive counseling at MEDVAMC was found to be higher than rates reported in national studies. As we continue to strive to provide exceptional care for our women veterans, we would like to continue to increase the education and awareness on this matter.
Selective attraction in bird-pollinated flowers. A commentary on: ‘Red flowers differ in shades between pollination systems and across continents’
Authors: Lunau Klaus , Gerten Sarah 
Published: July 2020

This article comments on:
Zhe Chen, Yang Niu, Chang-Qiu Liu and Hang Sun, Red flowers differ in shades between pollination systems and across continents, Annals of Botany, Volume 126, Issue 5, 9 October 2020, Pages 837–848, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa103
Frontiers of seismology
Authors: Ziolkowski Anton , Bell Andrew , Browitt Christopher , Curtis Andrew , Macdonald Calum , Main Ian , Peacock Sheila , Rawlinson Nicholas , Storchak Dmitry , Walker Alice 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Anton Ziolkowski and fellow organizers look back at the British Seismology Meeting 2019, which discussed events of all scales as well as new hardware and software techniques.
Genetic and morphological differentiation among populations of the Rivoli’s Hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens) species complex (Aves: Trochilidae)
Authors: Zamudio-Beltrán Luz E , Ornelas Juan Francisco , Malpica Andreia , Hernández-Baños Blanca E 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGenetic variation and phylogeographic studies have been crucial for understanding mechanisms of speciation. We analyzed genetic variation and phylogeography to reconstruct the demographic history of the Rivoli’s Hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens) species complex and also evaluated their morphological differentiation. This widely distributed species inhabits the highlands of Mexico and northern Central America, with 2 subspecies separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (west: E. f. fulgens, east: E. f. viridiceps). We surveyed genetic variation in 2 mitochondrial DNA markers (mtDNA, with 129 individuals) and nuclear DNA (6 microsatellites, with 85 individuals). We also inferred the demographic history, estimated divergence times, and analyzed morphological variation using 470 vouchered specimens. We modeled the current potential distribution of the species using ecological niche modeling and projected it into the past to model the effects of the Pleistocene climatic cycles. Haplotype networks, pairwise FST comparisons, AMOVA, and morphological analysis revealed differences between geographically isolated populations separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (IT; corresponding to the 2 recognized subspecies: fulgens and viridiceps), and by the Motagua-Polochic-Jocotán (MPJ) system fault. Demographic scenarios revealed a contraction in distribution during the last interglacial, and expansion during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) with little change since the LGM. Divergence between groups separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec ~59,600 yr ago occurred in the presence of gene flow, suggesting that the Isthmus of Tehuantepec is a semipermeable barrier to gene flow. STRUCTURE analyses of microsatellite data detected 3 genetically differentiated groups. Several results fit a model of recent lineage divergence, including a significant signal of genetic differentiation, demographic expansion, decreased gene flow from past to present, and northward expansion during the LGM and contraction during the interglacial periods. We conclude that the genetic differentiation of E. fulgens in the Madrean Pine-Oak Woodlands resulted from recent geographical isolation of populations separated by natural barriers (IT and MPJ).
Gut dysbiosis in Huntington’s disease: associations among gut microbiota, cognitive performance and clinical outcomes
Authors: Wasser Cory I , Mercieca Emily-Clare , Kong Geraldine , Hannan Anthony J , McKeown Sonja J , Glikmann-Johnston Yifat , Stout Julie C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Huntington’s disease is characterized by a triad of motor, cognitive and psychiatric impairments, as well as unintended weight loss. Although much of the research has focused on cognitive, motor and psychiatric symptoms, the extent of peripheral pathology and the relationship between these factors, and the core symptoms of Huntington’s disease, are relatively unknown. Gut microbiota are key modulators of communication between the brain and gut, and alterations in microbiota composition (dysbiosis) can negatively affect cognition, behaviour and affective function, and may be implicated in disease progression. Furthermore, gut dysbiosis was recently reported in Huntington’s disease transgenic mice. Our main objective was to characterize the gut microbiome in people with Huntington’s disease and determine whether the composition of gut microbiota are significantly related to clinical indicators of disease progression. We compared 42 Huntington’s disease gene expansion carriers, including 19 people who were diagnosed with Huntington’s disease (Total Functional Capacity &gt; 6) and 23 in the premanifest stage, with 36 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Participants were characterized clinically using a battery of cognitive tests and using results from 16S V3 to V4 rRNA sequencing of faecal samples to characterize the gut microbiome. For gut microbiome measures, we found significant differences in the microbial communities (beta diversity) based on unweighted UniFrac distance (P = 0.001), as well as significantly lower alpha diversity (species richness and evenness) between our combined Huntington’s disease gene expansion carrier group and healthy controls (P = 0.001). We also found major shifts in the microbial community structure at Phylum and Family levels, and identified functional pathways and enzymes affected in our Huntington’s disease gene expansion carrier group. Within the Huntington’s disease gene expansion carrier group, we also discovered associations among gut bacteria, cognitive performance and clinical outcomes. Overall, our findings suggest an altered gut microbiome in Huntington’s disease gene expansion carriers. These results highlight the importance of gut biomarkers and raise interesting questions regarding the role of the gut in Huntington’s disease, and whether it may be a potential target for future therapeutic intervention.
Normal Olfactory Functional Connectivity Despite Lifelong Absence of Olfactory Experiences
Authors: Peter Moa G , Fransson Peter , Mårtensson Gustav , Postma Elbrich M , Nordin Love Engström , Westman Eric , Boesveldt Sanne , Lundström Johan N 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Congenital blindness is associated with atypical morphology and functional connectivity within and from visual cortical regions; changes that are hypothesized to originate from a lifelong absence of visual input and could be regarded as a general (re) organization principle of sensory cortices. Challenging this is the fact that individuals with congenital anosmia (lifelong olfactory sensory loss) display little to no morphological changes in the primary olfactory cortex. To determine whether olfactory input from birth is essential to establish and maintain normal functional connectivity in olfactory processing regions, akin to the visual system, we assessed differences in functional connectivity within the olfactory cortex between individuals with congenital anosmia (n = 33) and matched controls (n = 33). Specifically, we assessed differences in connectivity between core olfactory processing regions as well as differences in regional homogeneity and homotopic connectivity within the primary olfactory cortex. In contrast to congenital blindness, none of the analyses indicated atypical connectivity in individuals with congenital anosmia. In fact, post-hoc Bayesian analysis provided support for an absence of group differences. These results suggest that a lifelong absence of olfactory experience has a limited impact on the functional connectivity in the olfactory cortex, a finding that indicates a clear difference between sensory modalities in how sensory cortical regions develop.
An unusual case of Thoraflex displacement after blunt thoracic trauma during skiing
Authors: Di Marco Luca , Botta Luca , Murana Giacomo , Pacini Davide 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present a case of a patient, who had previously undergone a frozen elephant trunk procedure for acute non-A–non-B aortic dissection, and developed a traumatic new entry tear due to the displacement of the hybrid prosthesis while skiing. An emergency thoracic endovascular aortic repair was performed without postoperative complications.