bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochar reduces nutrient loss and improves microbial biomass of composted cattle manure and maize straw
Authors: Bello Ayodeji , Deng Liting , Sheng Siyuan , Jiang Xin , Yang Wei , Meng Qingxin , Wu Xiaotong , Han Yue , Zhu Haifeng , Xu Xiuhong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, nutrient loss, the direct and indirect relationship between period, compost types, temperature, total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−‐N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+‐N), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were investigated during composting of cattle manure–maize straw mixture. This study findings revealed that biochar addition lowered NH4+‐N but did not increase NO3−‐N concentrations unlike no biochar piles during composting. The first‐order kinetic models showed that biochar accelerated organic matter (OM) degradation and improved nitrogen mineralization, consequently reducing TN losses by 13.6% and OM losses by 12.66%. Transformation ratio of MBC/MBN, coupled with other chemical components of the entire microbial community, suggested a shift in the microbial succession and diversity during composting from the dominant bacteria and actinomycetes to fungi. The structural equation model and path coefficient revealed temperature to be the main factor mediating the evolution of MBC and MBN in composting. The physicochemical variables, phytotoxicity, and final product quality revealed that biochar incorporation to the composting feedstock is an ideal material for mitigating problems of TN and OM losses in composting and ultimately enhancing the fertility potential of the final compost product.
Anionic Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins Bearing Oleic Grafts for the Stabilization of Ruthenium Nanoparticles Efficient in Aqueous Catalytic Hydrogenation
Authors: Cocq Aurélien , Léger Bastien , Noël Sébastien , Bricout Hervé , Djedaïni‐Pilard Florence , Tilloy Sébastien , Monflier Eric 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOleic succinyl β‐cyclodextrin was proved to be efficient for the stabilization of ruthenium nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous medium. These NPs were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and transition electron microscopy (TEM). The catalytic activity of these NPs was evaluated in the aqueous hydrogenation of petrosourced and biosourced unsaturated compounds such as benzene and furfural derivatives. The catalytic system can be easily recycled and reused up to nine runs without any loss of activity and selectivity, demonstrating its robustness.
Insights into the Low‐temperature Synthesis of LaCoO3 Derived from Co(CH3COO)2via Electrospinning for Catalytic Propane Oxidation
Authors: Zheng Yingbin , Feng Xiaoshan , Lin Daifeng , Wu Enhui , Luo Yongjin , You Yufeng , Huang Baoquan , Qian Qingrong , Chen Qinghua 
Published: November 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionA series of electrospun LaCoO3 perovskites derived from CoX2 (X = CH3COO–, NO3–) were prepared and investigated for total propane oxidation. It is shown that pure rhombohedral perovskite LaCoO3 from Co(CH3COO)2 can be obtained at a relatively low temperature, 400 °C, benefitting from the complexation effect of CH3COO–. On the other hand, CH3COO– can accelerate the complete decomposition of polymer. The low‐temperature process can protect LaCoO3 nanoparticles from growing up. As a result, Co(CH3COO)2‐derived catalysts exhibit better propane oxidation activity than the ones suffered the same thermal treatment by using Co(NO3)2. XPS and H2‐TPR analysis provide that there is subtle change in Co3+/Co2+ on bulk/surface of Co(CH3COO)2‐derived catalysts prepared at different temperatures, giving rise to similar propane oxidation activities. Moreover, the result of cyclic stability test over 400 °C obtained catalyst shows little deactivation, demonstrating a good thermal stability. Our study can provide a feasible route for energy‐saving synthesis of LaCoO3 catalyst applied in the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Contrasting effects of land‐use changes on herbivory and pollination networks
Authors: Shinohara Naoto , Uchida Kei , Yoshida Takehito 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Land‐use changes, one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity, can cause underappreciated effects on ecosystems by altering the structures of interspecific interaction networks. These effects have typically been explored by evaluating interaction networks composed of a single type of interaction. Therefore, it remains unclear whether the different types of interaction networks sharing the same species respond to the same land‐use changes in a similar manner.

To compare the responses of herbivory and pollination networks to land‐use changes, we investigated both types of interaction networks in seminatural grasslands categorized into three types of agricultural land‐use (abandoned, extensively managed, and intensively managed) in a Japanese agricultural landscape. We quantified the structures of the interaction networks using several indices (connectance, evenness, diversity, generality, network specialization, and robustness) and compared them among different land‐use types. We conducted piecewise SEM to differentiate the direct and indirect effects of land‐use changes on the network structures.

Although both land‐use changes (abandonment and intensification) led to reduced plant and insect species richness, the structures of herbivory and pollination networks showed different responses to the land‐use changes. There was a marked contrast in network generality; while, herbivore species were less generalized (i.e., having fewer host plant species) in fields with land‐use intensification, pollinator species were less generalized in abandoned fields.

Furthermore, the mechanisms behind the changes in interaction networks were also different between pollination and herbivory networks. The change in herbivory network generality was induced by the decrease in plant species richness, whereas the change in pollination network generality was mainly induced by the effect independent of changes in species richness and composition, which possibly reflect the less number of flowers in shaded environment.

The present study demonstrates that agricultural land‐use changes affect herbivory and pollination networks in contrasting ways and suggests the importance of assessing multiple types of interaction networks for biodiversity conservation in plant–insect systems. Our results also highlight the underappreciated importance of maintaining habitats with an intermediate intensity of land‐use.
Optimization of process conditions for maximum metal recovery from spent zinc‐manganese batteries: Illustration of statistical based automated neural network approach
Authors: Ruhatiya Chaitanya , Shaosen Su , Wang Chin‐Tsan , Jishnu A. K. , Bhalerao Yogesh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecovery of the vital metals from spent batteries using bioleaching is one of the commonly used method for recycling of spent batteries. In this study, a statistical based automated neural network approach is proposed for determination of optimum input parameters values in bioleaching of zinc‐manganese batteries. Experiments are performed to measure the recovery of zinc and manganese based on the input parameters such as energy substrates concentration, pH control of bioleaching media, incubating temperature, and pulp density. It was found that the proposed model based metal extraction models precisely estimated the yields of zinc and manganese with higher values of coefficient of determination of 0.94. Based on global sensitivity analysis, it was found that for the extraction of zinc, the most contributing parameters are pulp density and pH while for extraction of Mn the most contributing parameters are pulp density and incubating temperature. The optimum parameter values for maximum recovery of zinc and maximum recovery of manganese are determined using optimization method of simulated annealing. The optimum parameter values obtained for maximum recovery of Zn metal are as substrates concentration 32 g/L, pH 1.9 to 2.0, incubating temperature 30°C, pulp density 10%, and substrates concentration 32 g/L, pH 2.0, incubating temperature 35°C, pulp density 8% for maximum recovery of Mn.
Para‐aortic lymphadenectomy below inferior mesenteric artery versus renal vessels in stage IIIC epithelial ovarian cancer: A comparison of surgical outcomes
Authors: Zhu Chongyuan , Zhu Honglan , Wang Yue , Cui Heng , Li Yi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the surgical outcomes of para‐aortic lymphadenectomy up to the level of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and renal vessels in women with stage IIIC epithelial ovarian cancer after primary optimal cytoreductive surgery.MethodsIn a retrospective study at Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China, undertaken between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2015, patients were classified into two groups based on the level of the para‐aortic lymphadenectomy at either IMA (group A) or renal vessels (group B). Progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival were assessed.ResultsThe study involved 102 women (56 in group A and 46 in group B). The two groups were comparable regarding clinical characteristics, and there were no statistically significant differences in perioperative variables between the groups. 15.2% of patients (7/46) had metastases at renal vessels level without metastases below IMA. Median PFS in group B was longer than group A (41 months vs 23 months, P=0.041) and 5‐year survival rate was greater in group B compared to group A (74.6% vs 48.2%, P=0.003). Median overall survival was longer in group B compared to group A (not reached vs 55 months, P=0.03).ConclusionPara‐aortic lymphadenectomy at the level of renal vessels was safe and could improve the prognosis of patients with advanced ovarian cancer who completed optimal cytoreduction.
Synthesis of novel phthalazine derivatives as pharmacological activities
Authors: Wasfy Ashraf Farouq , Aly Aly A. , Behalo Mohamed S. , Mohamed Noura S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhthalazine derivatives attached to amino acid derivatives were synthesized with high yields. The reaction of phthalazine derivatives with different phthalyl and tosylamino acids such as glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, valine, serine, and threonine in the presence of N,N‐dicyclo hexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a dehydrating agent reagent yielded high yields of the afforded compounds. Phthalylamino acids derivatives were obtained by deprotection of phthalazine derivatives, with the latter heating with hydrazine hydrate. The chemical structures of all phthalazine derivatives were affirmed by elemental analysis and spectral data (IR, MS, 1HNMR, and 13C NMR). Screening out and estimation of the synthesized derivatives for their cytotoxic and antioxidant activity were done, and most of them showed powerful activity in comparison with standard drugs.
Low‐resolution fiber‐optic Raman spectroscopy for bladder cancer diagnosis: A comparison study of varying laser power, integration time, and classification methods
Authors: Chen Hao , Li Xin , Broderick Neil G.R. , Xu Weiliang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn our previous work, we have demonstrated the great diagnostic potential of a low‐resolution Raman sensing system for bladder cancer through ex vivo experiments. Before forwarding this technique into clinical applications, the system's performance under different experimental conditions must be thoroughly understood. In this paper, a comparison study of this system under different experimental conditions and post‐experiment analysis methods is presented. The different experiment conditions includes two major parts: (a) varying the incident laser power at sample from 30 to 150 mW (30‐mW interval) with fixed integration time of 1 s; (b) varying integration time of 1 s, 2 s, 3 s, and 5 s, with a fixed incident laser power of 150 mW. A total number of 2,916 spectra were collected on 42 bladder tissue specimens under different experimental conditions. Three principal component analysis (PCA)‐based classification methods, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural network (ANN), are used in this study for comparison. Results show that increasing the incident laser power has little influence on the overall prediction accuracy; increasing the integration time from 1 to 5 s has a clear improvement on the prediction accuracy; PCA–ANN outperforms PCA–LDA and PCA–SVM consistently under the parameter settings in this study.
Reporting of Clinical Trial Interventions Published in Leading Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Journals
Authors: Torgerson Trevor , Johnson Austin L. , Jellison Sam , Tanghetti Margo , Langley Jean‐Maria , Nguyen Lily H. P. , Vassar Matt 
Published: November 2019

Objectives/HypothesisRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) play a crucial role in advancing patient care within otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OTL‐HNS), yet studies have shown the reporting of these trials needs improvement. Here, we evaluate the completeness of intervention reporting of RCTs in OTL‐HNS and evaluate whether the publication of the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist has influenced intervention reporting.Study DesignRetrospective Cross‐Sectional Analysis.MethodsWe searched PubMed for RCTs published in top OTL‐HNS journals in two cohorts, one before the release of the TIDieR and one afterward. A sample of 300 RCTs was randomly selected and screened for inclusion. Once the dataset was finalized, we extracted trial characteristics and assessed each trial's adherence to the TIDieR checklist. We then used descriptive characteristics, a generalized estimated equation, time‐series analysis, and a two‐sample t test to analyze our data.ResultsAfter screening was completed, 173 RCTs were included in our analysis. Of these RCTs, 103 (59.5%) showed <60% adherence to the TIDieR checklist. We found a slight increase in adherence to TIDieR items after the checklist was released, although this was not statistically significant (P = .91). In addition, we found that trials with a crossover study design or multiple interventions and those that provided a Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials statement were associated with greater adherence to the TIDieR checklist.ConclusionsThe majority of OTL‐HNS RCTs included in our analysis showed suboptimal reporting factors related to the TIDieR checklist. Requiring a TIDieR statement and automating the journal requirements process for all OTL‐HNS clinical trials would be a worthwhile, efficient approach to improving research quality and ultimately patient care within OTL‐HNS.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:E507–E514, 2020
Patient values regarding overlapping surgery: Identification of distinct patient subgroups
Authors: Langerman Alexander , Arambula Alexandra , Bonnet Kemberlee , Schlundt David G. , Brelsford Kathleen M. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo explore patient values associated with their comfort level with surgical trainees and attending surgeon absence from the operating room.Study DesignQualitative interviews with general medical patients.MethodsWe analyzed data from qualitative interviews with patients that included a quantitative rating on a visual analog scale (VAS) of comfort consenting to three surgical scenarios, including overlapping surgery, to identify subgroups of patients based on comfort level. After identifying subgroups, we compared qualitative responses from participants who were generally comfortable with overlapping surgery to those who were uncomfortable to identify themes associated with these perceptions.ResultsWe identified three subgroups of patients based on the patterns of VAS responses. Participants who were comfortable with overlapping surgery expressed trust in the surgeon and delegation process. Those who were most uncomfortable expressed a strong desire to know who was operating on them, and a desire for control over their surgical process. Subjects uncomfortable with overlapping surgery were also generally not sensitive to tradeoffs (cost, timing).ConclusionsWe identified distinct subgroups of patients based on their comfort level with trainee independence and primary attending availability. By examining the predominant values in these subgroups, we identified potential explanations for patient discomfort with attending absence. Strategies to enhance patients’ knowledge about the process of surgery and a sense of control over their own care may improve comfort with trainee participation and overlapping surgery.Level of Evidence6 Laryngoscope, 2019
Controlling the Periodically Ordered Nanostructures in Ceramics: A Macromolecule‐Guided Strategy
Authors: Guo Qing‐Yun , Zhang Bo‐xing , Feng Xueyan , Yan Xiao‐Yun , Su Zebin , Cheng Stephen Z. D. , Yue Kan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMicroscopic structures have a significant influence on the properties of ceramics. The development of macromolecular self‐assembly has allowed for control over microscopic structures of ceramics to prepare ceramics with diverse compositions and ordered nanostructures. Herein, recent progress in the preparation of ceramics with periodically ordered nanostructures guided by phase‐separated macromolecules are reviewed, which can be summarized as a general strategy termed the “macromolecule‐guided strategy.” Moreover, two different subcategories, namely, the macromolecule‐templated method and the macromolecule‐precursor method, are illustrated. In the former method, amphiphilic macromolecules are used as templates to guide the assembly of inorganic species into ordered nanostructures, which are subsequently converted into ceramics; in the latter method, amphiphilic macromolecules containing non‐volatile elements are used as the single‐source precursors for ordered ceramics. It is believed that the unique diversity and tunable features of macromolecular self‐assembly might offer unprecedented opportunities in the development of functional ceramics for various applications.
Severity
Authors: Russo Joseph 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis experimental ethnographic essay juxtaposes expository sections on the concept of severity as a “composition of life” with stories of a rural informant in Southeast Texas’ Piney Woods. The essay explores the notion of a flattened, generalized rurality that becomes specific in moments of storytelling, living through hardship, and finding oneself struggling to just keep going. It uses the specificity of story and regionality to show how the idea of severity, or form pushed to its limit, is experienced by an individual living out on the edge.
Amenity Migration Revisited
Authors: Özden‐Schilling Tom 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe dismantling of government research throughout rural North America has altered the ways environmental scientists understand their ties to rural places like northwest British Columbia. As growing numbers of researchers have leveraged their professional mobility to move to small mountain towns and other rural locales—a process known as “amenity migration”—many have increasingly described their role in these transformations through idioms of personal commitment and individual expertise. At times, these articulations have overshadowed other migratory strategies enacted in response to the neoliberalization of resource extraction and environmental governance in the region, including those of First Nations technicians and blue collar workers in extractive industries. The kinds of jobs that draw experts to live and work in places like northwest British Columbia have shifted away from full‐time government positions into consulting and contract work. In the process, researchers’ growing tendency to present their movements as intentional processes has obscured the ways neoliberal reform redistributes compulsion and choice among residents of the new rural north.
Sanctuary‐Making as Rural Political Action
Authors: Abrell Elan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis essay compares different sanctuary‐making projects in North America, including animal sanctuaries and sanctuary communities for undocumented immigrants, to examine how they may contribute to better rural futures. Specifically, it argues that sanctuary as a simultaneously spatial and ideological mode of being could provide the basis for a broader counterhegemonic challenge to violent practices of exploitation targeted at a range of different others.
Depletion
Authors: Bessire Lucas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis essay introduces the problematic of groundwater depletion and aquifer ethnography on the US High Plains, home to five generations of the author's family, in order to reflect more broadly on the following questions: What would it mean to take responsibility for our roles in the political present? How might rurality orient a search for nonnormative commons within the contemporary? What kind of commensurabilities could enable a more effective critical engagement with proliferating experiences of extraction, disregard, and uncertainty? And how might ethnography contribute to a future beyond depletion?
Metal‐Decorated Pickering Emulsion for Continuous Flow Catalysis
Authors: Peng Fangjun , Xu Jie , Zeng Xianghui , Feng Guiping , Bao Haifeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractContinuous flow catalysis is favored for large‐scale chemical synthesis due to its time‐saving, energy‐saving, and cost‐efficient characters. Herein, Pickering emulsions are demonstrated to be effective carriers for immobilizing metal nanocatalysts in continuous flow catalysis. A series of metal nanoparticles (Pd, Au, and Pt) are coated on emulsion droplets via a facile aldehyde‐induced reduction method. Meanwhile, Pickering emulsion can be formed by using aldehyde cellulose nanofibers (ACNFs) with different dimensions that come from eucalyptus wood, cotton, and bacteria cellulose. These ACNFs can be entangled together to generate an interfacial layer for locking in emulsion droplets and providing reactive sites for in situ growth of metal nanocatalysts. In Pd‐anchored emulsion, the continuously catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP), methylene blue, and methyl orange can proceed effectively for 55, 23, and 50 h with the conversion efficiencies at nearly 100%, >98%, >99%, respectively. In addition, Au‐ and Pt‐deposited emulsions are also operable in continuous flow catalysis as demonstrated by catalytic reduction of 4‐NP. Au‐decorated emulsion ensures the proceeding of catalytic reduction for 45 h with the conversion efficiency of >98% while Pt‐immobilized emulsion allows for the reduction of 4‐NP for 50 h at a conversion efficiency of >99%.