bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Zoonoses Geared by Domestication with Reference to COVID-19 during Anthropocene; India
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad , Mishra Saswat 
Published: September 2020

COV-19, HIV/AIDS, Flu H1N1 and many other zoonotic diseases are emergent during Anthropocene epoch due to climatic anomalies. Bacteria’s, viruses, pathogens are associated with human cause zoonoses mainly resulting from domestication. Minimum 61% of human pathogens are zoonotic comprising 75% of all emerging apocalyptic pathogens in 21st century. The scope of present study is investigating the domestication in time scale and finding the causes and consequences the virulent invasion of the present 21st century zoonotic diseases due to the climatic, biologic, socio-economic causes and the governing laws during the Anthropocene. The Holocene hominids were strong enough to adapt the harsh, frigid climate to sustain life during extreme conditions. Later the food habits, sedentary life and the changing agro-climate made then incapable to sustain with the bacterial, viral and microbial attacks for lack of immunity and adaptability by invoking domestication. The National Health Profile, India; has reported fall in rate of communicable diseases that has out broken from 61% to 33% from 1990 to 2016 resulting from health education, care and vaccines but the pandemicCOVID-19 has challenged the scenario. Demand of one health practices and stringent laws is essential to overcome the risk. Present pandemic COVID-19 has forced the globe away for sustenance of life and livelihood for want of vaccine, it is essential to practice five ‘T’ (Test, Trace, treat, train and trade) to restore the normal life.
Cumulative Damage in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Multicenter Study From the Pediatric Rheumatology Arab Group
Authors: Al‐Mayouf Sulaiman M. , Hashad Soad , Khawaja Khulood , Alrasheedi Abeer , Abdwani Reem , Abushhaiwia Awatif , AlSuwaiti Muatasem , Alzyoud Raed , AL Abrawi Safiya , Asiri Abdulrahman , Alshaikh Manal , Sharif Elsadeg , Muzaffer Mohammed , Alsewairi Wafa , Zlenti Mabruka , Kawaja Ebtisam , Almutairi Muna , Majeed Mahmoud , Lotfy Hala , AlMarri Munira , Almutairi Nora ,   the Pediatric Arab Rheumatology Group
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo report the cumulative articular and extraarticular damage in Arab children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to identify variables that correlate with disease damage.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, cross‐sectional study among 14 pediatric rheumatology centers from 7 Arab countries. JIA patients who met the International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria and had a disease duration of >1 year were enrolled. Disease activity status was assessed using the Juvenile Arthritis Multidimensional Assessment Report. Disease damage was assessed by the Juvenile Arthritis Damage Index, articular (JADI‐A) and extraarticular (JADI‐E).ResultsA total of 702 (471 female) JIA patients with a median age of 11.3 years (interquartile range [IQR] 8.0–14.0 years) were studied. Median age at disease onset was 5 years (IQR 2.0–9.0 years) and the median disease duration was 4 years (IQR 2.0–7.0 years). The most frequent JIA categories were oligoarticular JIA (34.9%), polyarticular JIA (29.5%), and systemic JIA (24.5%). Clinical remission was achieved in 73.9% of patients. At the last clinic visit, 193 patients experienced joint damage, with a mean ± SD JADI‐A score of 1.7 ± 4.5, while 156 patients had extraarticular damage, with a mean ± SD JADI‐E score of 0.5 ± 1.1. Patients with enthesitis‐related arthritis had the highest JADI‐A score. JADI‐A correlated significantly with the presence of a family history of JIA. JADI‐A and JADI‐E had a significant correlation with long disease duration.ConclusionCumulative damage was common in this Arab JIA cohort, and consanguinity and JIA in a sibling were frequent findings and were associated with a greater cumulative damage.
Adaptive observer design for nonlinear interconnected systems by the application of LaSalle's theorem
Authors: Mohamed Mokhtar , Yan Xing‐Gang , Mao Zehui , Jiang Bin 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn this article, a class of nonlinear interconnected systems with uncertain time varying parameters (TVPs) is considered. Both the interconnections and the isolated subsystems are nonlinear. The differences between the unknown TVPs and their corresponding nominal values are assumed to be bounded where the nominal value is not required to be known. A dynamical system is proposed and then, the error systems between the original interconnected system and the designed dynamical system are analysed. A set of conditions is developed such that the augmented systems formed by the error dynamical systems and the designed adaptive laws are uniformly ultimately bounded. Specifically, the state observation errors are asymptotically convergent to zero based on the LaSalle's Theorem while the parameter estimation errors are uniformly ultimately bounded, and the classical condition of persistent excitation is not required. A case study on a coupled inverted pendulum system is presented to demonstrate the developed methodology, and simulation shows that the proposed approach is effective and practicable.
Structural Design of Amorphous CoMoPx with Abundant Active Sites and Synergistic Catalysis Effect for Effective Water Splitting
Authors: Huang Huawei , Cho Ara , Kim Seongbeen , Jun Hyunwoo , Lee Ahryeon , Han Jeong Woo , Lee Jinwoo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHerein, a structural design principle is presented to synthesize amorphous bimetallic phosphides (a‐CoMoPx/CF) to efficiently catalyze water splitting. Porous Co‐MOF/CF and defective CoMoO4/CF are used as structure‐inducing templates to introduce rich defects and large voids that facilitate the formation of amorphous a‐CoMoPx/CF. Theoretical calculations reveal a synergistic catalytic mechanism that is based on the bimetallic components. Hierarchical nanosheet arrays combined with amorphous structures provide a superior mass transfer capacity and fully exposed atoms, increasing the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA). The structural advantages and the synergistic catalytic effect of the bimetallic components generate a‐CoMoPx/CF with excellent catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), displaying a very low overpotential of 59 mV and delivering a current density of 10 mA cm‐2 under alkaline conditions. A full electrolysis apparatus with a‐CoMoPx/CF as both cathode and anode shows a catalytic performance comparable to that of a noble metal‐based catalyst set‐up (Pt/C‐CF // RuO2‐CF), achieving 10 mA cm‐2 at a potential of 1.581 V and stable operation at 100 mA cm‐2 for more than 100 h. These findings provide a novel concept to design stable structured catalysts based on earth‐abundant elements for the large‐scale application of electrocatalysis processes related to energy conversion technologies.
Nonmetal Current Collectors: The Key Component for High‐Energy‐Density Aluminum Batteries
Authors: Chen Li‐Li , Song Wei‐Li , Li Na , Jiao Handong , Han Xue , Luo Yiwa , Wang Mingyong , Chen Haosen , Jiao Shuqiang , Fang Daining 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs one of the emerging safe energy‐storage devices with high energy‐to‐cost ratio, nonaqueous aluminum batteries with enhanced energy density are intensively pursued by researchers. Although significant progress has been made on positive electrode materials, the effective energy density of aluminum batteries is still limited by the presence of high‐density refractory metal current collectors, which are known to be electrochemically inert in highly acidic ionic‐liquid electrolytes. To address such critical issues, here, a novel low‐density (<2 g cm−3) nonmetal current collector is presented, which uses poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates coated with indium tin oxide (ITO), with the purpose of significantly reducing the ratio of nonactive components in the electrodes. In addition to the excellent chemical and electrochemical stability (with voltage as high as ≈2.75 V vs Al3+/Al), this nonmetal current collector, also encompassing a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, allows as‐assembled pouch cells to deliver a reversible specific capacity of ≈120 mAh g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1. In comparison with the high‐density refractory metal Mo or Ta current collectors, these nonmetal current collectors offer a novel strategy for constructing high‐energy‐density aluminum batteries by substituting the key components, with the aim of boosting the energy density of nonaqueous aluminum batteries.
Catalyst and Additive‐Free Direct Amidation/Halogenation of Tertiary Arylamines with N‐haloimide/amides
Authors: Xu Xiu‐Juan , Amuti Adila , Wusiman Abudureheman 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn approach has been developed for the amidation (halogenation) of tertiary arylamines by electrophilic activation using N‐haloimide/amides. Several control experiments have been performed, and the coupling reaction outcomes indicated that the N‐haloimide/amide brings three major functions, including electrophilic activation, aromatic halogenation and nucleophilic nitrogen sources. This cascade reaction features simple manipulation, requires no additional catalyst, oxidant or additives, and is performed under mild conditions.magnified image
Unsymmetrical Disulfides Synthesis via Cs2CO3‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction in Water
Authors: Wang Dungai , Gao Yuanji , Tong Yunli , Xiong Mingteng , Liang Xiao , Zhu Heping , Pan Yuanjiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn unsymmetrical disulfides synthesis by Cs2CO3‐catalyzed three‐component coupling reaction of thioacetate, sodium thiosulfate, and benzyl halide in water is described. The safe, stable, and non‐toxic Na2S2O3 was invoked as the sulfur‐source, successfully avoiding the odor generation in the process of S−S bond formation. A wide range of substrate suitability and appropriate functional group tolerance were observed for the transformation. Notably, the approach reported here was compatible with various biomolecules including glucose, coumarin, and quinolinone.magnified image
Theoretical Insights for Materials Properties of Cyclic Organic Nanorings
Authors: Pérez‐Jiménez Ángel J. , Sancho‐García Juan C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of new carbon nanoforms with remarkable and fine‐tuned bulk properties still represents a formidable challenge, with cyclic organic nanorings emerging in recent years for the template‐driven design of this kind of systems. The design and engineering of these materials can be first controlled at the molecular scale, to further induce their specific self‐assembly toward tailored properties at the nanoscale. Theoretical studies have lately contributed to the understanding of the underlying physical effects, the development of synthetic strategies, and the rationalization of novel materials properties, employing a variety of methods ranging from accurate calculations of isolated molecules to atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of a large sample of molecules in realistic conditions, which will be reviewed here with a focus on the transition from single‐molecule to supramolecular properties.
Naturally Degradable Photonic Devices with Transient Function by Heterostructured Waxy‐Sublimating and Water‐Soluble Materials
Authors: Camposeo Andrea , D'Elia Francesca , Portone Alberto , Matino Francesca , Archimi Matteo , Conti Silvia , Fiori Gianluca , Pisignano Dario , Persano Luana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCombined dry–wet transient materials and devices are introduced, which are based on water‐dissolvable dye‐doped polymers layered onto nonpolar cyclic hydrocarbon sublimating substrates. Light‐emitting heterostructures showing amplified spontaneous emission are obtained on transient elements and used as illumination sources for speckle‐free, full‐field imaging, and transient optical labels are realized that incorporate QR‐codes with stably encoded information. The transient behavior is also studied at the microscopic scale, highlighting the real‐time evolution of material domains in the sublimating compound. Finally, the exhausted components are fully soluble in water thus being naturally degradable. This technology opens new and versatile routes for environmental sensing, storage conditions monitoring, and organic photonics.
Artificially Intelligent Tactile Ferroelectric Skin
Authors: Lee Kyuho , Jang Seonghoon , Kim Kang Lib , Koo Min , Park Chanho , Lee Seokyeong , Lee Junseok , Wang Gunuk , Park Cheolmin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLightweight and flexible tactile learning machines can simultaneously detect, synaptically memorize, and subsequently learn from external stimuli acquired from the skin. This type of technology holds great interest due to its potential applications in emerging wearable and human‐interactive artificially intelligent neuromorphic electronics. In this study, an integrated artificially intelligent tactile learning electronic skin (e‐skin) based on arrays of ferroelectric‐gate field‐effect transistors with dome‐shape tactile top‐gates, which can simultaneously sense and learn from a variety of tactile information, is introduced. To test the e‐skin, tactile pressure is applied to a dome‐shaped top‐gate that measures ferroelectric remnant polarization in a gate insulator. This results in analog conductance modulation that is dependent upon both the number and magnitude of input pressure‐spikes, thus mimicking diverse tactile and essential synaptic functions. Specifically, the device exhibits excellent cycling stability between long‐term potentiation and depression over the course of 10 000 continuous input pulses. Additionally, it has a low variability of only 3.18%, resulting in high‐performance and robust tactile perception learning. The 4 × 4 device array is also able to recognize different handwritten patterns using 2‐dimensional spatial learning and recognition, and this is successfully demonstrated with a high degree accuracy of 99.66%, even after considering 10% noise.
Interfaces in Garnet‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wang Dawei , Zhu Changbao , Fu Yanpeng , Sun Xueliang , Yang Yong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are considered to be the next‐generation energy storage system, because of their overwhelming advantages in energy density and safety compared to conventional lithium ion batteries. Among various systems, garnet‐based ASSLBs are one of the most promising candidates. The advantages arise from the intrinsic properties of garnet electrolytes, especially the high shear modulus and wider electrochemical window compared to that of polymer and sulfide electrolytes, guaranteeing the application of Li metal and high voltage cathodes. However, the interfacial issues between garnets and electrodes (Li metal and cathodes) are challenging and hinder the further development of garnet‐based ASSLBs. Herein, the origin of interfacial resistance and recent development of interfacial construction in garnet‐based ASSLBs are reviewed, as well as the subsequent interfacial degradation and cell failure during cycling process, including inhomogeneous plating and stripping, Li dendrites, and strain induced microcracks in stiff electrodes. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities in this important and exciting field are also presented.
The Factors that Motivate Law Enforcement's Use of Force: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cowell Mariah , Corsi Christopher , Johnson Terence , Brinkley‐Rubinstein Lauren 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMedia attention relevant to law enforcement use of force in the last decade finally alerted the scientific community to the need for more research regarding law enforcement discretion and decision making. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the existing literature to explore the motivating factors for law enforcement use of force. This study will utilize a social–ecological framework to systematically examine factors that impact officer decisions to use force at the individual and community levels. The paper includes recommendations for research and practice through an equity lens that highlights the disparate use of force against men of color in particular. Interventions, trainings, education, and research to stop the promotion of perceived safety over justice will be highlighted.
Sudden infant death with dysgenesis of the testes syndrome in a non‐Amish infant: A case report
Authors: Slater Brady , Glinton Kevin , Dai Hongzheng , Lay Erica , Karaviti Lefkothea , Mizerik Elizabeth , Murali Chaya N. , Lalani Seema R. , Bacino Carlos A. , Rossetti Linda Z. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSudden Infant Death with Dysgenesis of the Testes syndrome (SIDDT) is a very rare condition associated with biallelic pathogenic variants in the TSPYL1 gene first reported in 2004. It is characterized by sudden cardiac or respiratory arrest, disordered testicular development, neurologic dysfunction, and is uniformly fatal before the age of 12 months. There were previously 21 reported cases of SIDDT in the literature, all from nine Old Order Amish families published in a single paper. In this report, we describe a non‐Amish, phenotypically female infant with poor feeding and abnormal motor movements noted at birth. Initial testing showed that she had a 46,XY chromosome complement, and chromosomal microarray showed a significant absence of heterozygosity (AOH) totalling roughly 600 Mb across multiple different chromosomes, indicating consanguinity. Further workup with exome sequencing revealed homozygosity for a frameshift variant in TSPYL1 (c.725_726delTG, p.Val242GlufsTer52) consistent with a diagnosis of SIDDT, explaining many of her clinical features. However, she was also noted to have a mild T‐cell lymphopenia and developed intractable epilepsy after hospital discharge. These features have not previously been reported in SIDDT and may represent phenotypic expansion. To our knowledge, this patient is the 22nd case of SIDDT to be reported in the literature, and the first to be of non‐Amish heritage.
Australian unemployed workers’ experiences of being parked and creamed by employment providers
Authors: O’Halloran David , Farnworth Louise , Thomacos Nikos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research examines the experiences of unemployed workers who report they have been parked or creamed by their employment services provider. Using focus group methodology, the research findings suggest that the experiences of being parked or creamed do not simply reflect quantitative metrics such as appointment frequency, and are experienced primarily as reflections of the quality of the transactions that occur in appointments. The findings suggest that parking and creaming are pervasive with harmful consequences for unemployed workers. Parking, on the one hand, appears to exacerbate the scarring effect of unemployment. Creaming, on the other hand, is not experienced as a benefit because rapid placement into employment is likely to be directed toward underemployment or precarious employment rather than sustainable employment. A second type of creaming is also described, where providers seek to take credit, sometimes coercively, for unemployed workers finding their own jobs. The findings also suggest that the Department of Employment’s actions to date to curb the practices have not been successful and could be improved if unemployed workers were more clearly recognised as having a stake in the provision of high‐quality employment services and given suitable mechanisms to identify and select providers that will not park or cream them.
Development of layer‐by‐layer assembled thin coatings on aluminium alloy AA2024‐T3 for high resolution studies of local corrosion processes
Authors: Almalla Ahed , Hertwig Andreas , Fischer Daniel , Ozcan Ozlem , Witt Julia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to develop nanometer‐thin epoxy‐based films on aluminium alloy AA2024‐T3 as a model coating system for high resolution corrosion studies. Spin coating was used for the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) deposition of poly‐(ethylenimine) (PEI) and poly([o‐cresyl glycidyl ether]‐co‐formaldehyde) (CNER) bilayers. The film chemistry and the cross‐linking process were characterized by means of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Ellipsometric data confirmed the linear increase of film thickness. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicate the improvement of the film barrier properties with increasing film thickness. Mapping of the topography and the volta potential was performed by means of scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM). The results indicate the presence of a homogeneous film structure, while the intermetallic phases can still be identified below the coating. The SKPFM analysis confirmed that the model films are suitable for investigation of corrosion processes at the coating/metal interface.
Effect of pore orientation on shear viscoelasticity of cellulose nanocrystal/collagen hydrogels
Authors: Liu Donglei , Dong Xufeng , Liu Huiying , Zhao Yiping , Qi Min 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMotivated by a need to replicate structural and viscoelastic properties of soft tissue, such as cartilage, the structural hydrogels with viscoelastic feature have been of interest in biomedical application. However, the effect of pore alignment on their viscoelastic properties has been largely underestimated. This work prepared cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)/collagen hydrogels with different pore orientations, including horizontally aligned pores, random pores and vertically aligned pores, and integrated them into a multilayered hydrogel with multi‐structure which mimics cartilage construct. The stress relaxation rate (τ1/2), creep rate (γ1/2), storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) increased in the order of the vertical, random, multi‐structural, and horizontal. G′ value of the horizontal increased up to 300% relative to the vertical in the strain amplitude and frequency sweep. Maxwell–Weichert and Variable Network Density models were used to explain phenomena, and the experimental curves fitted well with the theoretical models. These results reveal that the viscoelastic properties of hydrogel can be influenced by pore orientation except conventional component concentration.
Alternative initiatives for non‐wood chemical pulping and integration with the biorefinery concept: A review
Authors: Jahan M Sarwar , Rahman M. Mostafizur , Ni Yonghao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConventional pulping processes, such as soda, soda‐Antraquinone (AQ), and kraft, are currently used for non‐wood pulping. The main challenges of non‐wood pulping in conventional pulping processes are (1) large amounts of silica cause silica‐related operational difficulties in the process; (2) large amounts of fines/parenchyma cells decrease the drainage; and (3) the bulky nature of raw materials increases the collection/transportation cost, hampering large‐scale commercial operations. Alternative pulping processes are therefore being developed. This paper reviews the current status of alternative non‐wood pulping processes and their integration with the biorefinery concept. Several promising methods have been investigated at the laboratory or pilot scale. Organic acid and potassium hydroxide pulping processes are attractive alternatives for non‐wood pulping. Dissolved lignin and hemicelluloses in spent liquor can lead to the production of valuable co‐products, fitting well with the integrated biorefinery concept. Non‐wood biomass can be important raw material for pulping in forest‐deficient countries. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd