bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sanitation and Diarrheal Morbidity: Evidence from Afghanistan
Authors: Malik Manzoor Ahmad , Akhtar Saddaf Naaz 
Published: November 2020

Background: Lack of sanitation facilities and inadequate water is key to many diseases' outcomes, mainly diarrhea. These factors affect the health status of a country and result in increased mortality and morbidity pattern, particularly among the vulnerable population like children and women. Thus, the study assesses the linkages between diarrheal diseases and sanitation in Afghanistan affected since long by political instability, which has derailed the country's health system.
Methods: We used the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey to assess the linkages between sanitation and diarrheal diseases among under-five children. Bivariate and multivariate analyses have been used to carry out the study. The logistic model was used to evaluate the risk factors that lead to diarrheal outcomes.
Results: Our findings from the results showed that the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children in Afghanistan was 29%. Pashai is the most affected, with 36% among ethnicities, whereas eastern Afghanistan is the most affected region with a prevalence of (38%). Open defecated Population (OR: 1.17, p<0.001), Tap water (OR: 1.31, p<0.001), Well water (OR: 1.24, p<0.001), and Sharing toilet (OR: 1.15, p<0.001) are significantly associated with childhood diarrhea.
Conclusions: A significant impact has been found with inadequate sanitation, shared toilet facility, clean water, and other elements with childhood diarrhea in Afghanistan. The region-wise difference has also been found to be very high across the regions. Thus, it has been found that a lack of such factors has a more significant impact on children's health and needs a particular focus from a policy purpose.
The educational function of drama culture and its embedded strategy in higher education
Authors: Cong Wenjun 
Published: November 2020

<p>As a comprehensive art, campus drama has an extremely rich genre, flexible form and wide audience. Drama can organically integrate ideology and morality with comprehensive quality education, and pass it on to audiences in the form of performance. In addition, it can also help contemporary college students to establish the correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, so it is an effective way to educate people in the new period. Based on the author's learning and practical experience, this work first analyzed the contribution of drama activities to the healthy development of campus culture, then summarized the current problems in carrying out campus drama activities, and finally put forward the embedded path of the educational function of the drama culture in college and universities.</p>
Design and practice of blending teaching mode in college English
Authors: Zhang Yuqing 
Published: November 2020

<p>With the development of English education and the progress of modern educational technology in China, it is the current trend of college English teaching reform and development to explore a blending mode of college English based on network and classroom teaching. The development and implementation of blending teaching mode is the key factor, aim of which is to enable students to develop their ability of active, autonomous and personalized learning.</p>
Study on the Flipped Classroom Teaching Reform of "This Course" for College Students
Authors: Li Lingzhi 
Published: November 2020

<p>Under the background of global informatization, "this course" must keep up with the development of society, which requires colleges and universities to reform their own teaching mode, such as flipped classroom, MOOCS, <em>etc.</em> Through the development of network platform and teaching video, the teaching concept can be better innovated, which will realize the transformation to the student-centered direction. Through flipped classroom, the interaction between the form and content of the course can be realized. Therefore, the teaching reform of "this course" is very necessary. Based on the flexibility and openness of flipped classroom, the evaluation of teaching effect can be better managed, which will arouse the enthusiasm of teachers and students. First of all, this paper analyzes the necessity of flipped classroom. Then, this paper puts forward some questions. Finally, some suggestions are put forward.</p>
The Effects of Acute Stress on the Neural Correlates of Decision-Making
Authors: Toppings Jillian Lauren , Ferguson Thomas , Krigolson Olave 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Stress has been defined in many ways and is typically induced as a response to a threat to homeostasis. Stress affects decision-making, and the effects of stress on subcomponents of decision-making can be indirectly measured through EEG. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute stress on the neural correlates of decision-making. We hypothesized that acute stress would decrease the reward and attentional sensitivity, seen through reduced P300 and reward positivity component activity. The results were that the mean percent change from baseline for heart rate was higher for the stress condition during the TSST. The stress group also had decreased positive affect scores and increased negative affect scores for the STAI questionnaire and decreased positive affect scores for the PANAS questionnaire. Additionally, while not significant, there was a trend towards reduced P300 component activity in the stress condition, potentially indicative of reduced attentional sensitivity. Further research is needed to explore the implications for reward sensitivity, utilizing multiple tasks, and including cortisol measurement. Stress is common to everyday life and has been implicated chronically in numerous health conditions. Understanding how stress affects executive function, particularly decision-making, is therefore crucial in both the short- and long-term.
Keywords: stress; decision-making; ERPs; P300 component; reward positivity component

*This research was supported by a Jamie Cassels Undergraduate Research Award, University of Victoria.
Christianity, art and transformation
Authors:   University of Cape Town, De Gruchy J.W. ,   University of Stellenbosch
Published: November 2020

In this article, two papers, previously published in A Theological Odyssey. My Life in Writing (2014a), both based on Christianity, Art and Trans­formation (2001), are conflated. The first is a paper on “Christianity and Transformation” presented at a symposium on “Christianity and the Arts” at Andover – Newton Theological Seminary, Boston, 26 October, 1999. The second is a paper on “Art, Culture and Transformation” presented at the Conference on Arts and Reconciliation in Civil Society, University of Pretoria, 14-20 March 2005.
Justice as Beauty-in-Action? Insights from Hans Urs von Balthasar’s Aesthetics and Dramatics
Authors:   Stellenbosch University, Havenga M 
Published: November 2020

This essay explores the relation between beauty and justice by turning to the thought of the Swiss Catholic theologian Hans Urs von Balthasar. It begins by giving an exposition of Balthasar’s theological aesthetics, as developed in his work The glory of the Lord, which shows how, for Von Balthasar, earthly beauty participates in, and expresses something of God’s divine glory and reaches its apex in the revelation of the beautiful form of Jesus Christ. This is then followed by an exposition of Von Balthasar’s theological dramatics, as developed in his work Theo-drama, which shows how, for Von Balthasar, this beautiful form of Christ is not merely a static image, icon, or artwork but, in fact, a dynamic event, a dramatic act, an embodied performance which reveals to us, along with God’s glory and beauty, God’s unbounded goodness. The essay subsequently turns to questions of justice (in light of Von Balthasar’s understanding of the relation between beauty and goodness), and ultimately argues that, according to Von Balthasar’s thought, justice can be viewed as a form of beauty-in-action that asks to be performed in the world.
Double-Duty Actions to Reduce the Double Burden of Malnutrition in Indonesia
Authors: Diana Rian 
Published: November 2020

Background: : Indonesia is facing a double burden of malnutrition (DBM). Double-duty action was promoted by WHO in 2017 which aims to tackle the double burden of malnutrition simultaneously. Objectives: This study analyzed factors associated with the double burden of malnutrition and potential of double-duty action (DDA) that is suitable for Indonesia Methods: This study is a provincial-level aggregate data set from Indonesia Basic Health Survey 2018 and National Socio-Economic Survey 2018 which covered 34 provinces. A serious DBM characterized by persistent stunting (children under five) ≥30% and coexisting overweight and obesity in adults ≥30% at the same time. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze factors associated with DBM.Results: High prevalence of stunting and overweight and obesity in almost all provinces di Indonesia. Seventeen provinces were having a serious DBM. Health care access, exclusive breastfeeding and socio-economic associated with DBM. There were 4 potential DDA for Indonesia: health care which consist of antenatal care, maternal and child care, exclusive breastfeeding, child growth monitoring, and social safety net. Conclusions: Addressing the DBM through four potential DDA can be a new paradigm, mindset, and critical importance in achieving Indonesia’s target in reducing under and over nutrition simultaneously.
The Influence Of Work’s Motivation And Compensation Effects Towards Employee’s Satisfaction, And The Impact On The Work Performance At State Employees Civil Sub Company, Kebun Jeruk, West Jakarta
Authors: Situmorang Susan Novita Rotua , Sarjono Haryadi 
Published: November 2020

Success in realizing the objectives company relies heavily on existing human resources in organizations in such company. To realize the objectives of the company, the company must consider factors that affect the performance of Civil Servants Work Motivation among others factors, Compensation, and Job Satisfaction. With the achievement of expected performance of Civil Servants Kebon Jeruk District Company can achieve its objectives. Kind research used is descriptive method, Pearson Correlation and Path Analysis is useful to know the response of employees on Work Motivation, Compensation for Job Satisfaction and Their Impacts on Civil Service Performance Kebon Jeruk District Company District Company where the employee population of 60 respondents. Provided the results of a calculation of the structural equation, Y = 0.579 X1 + 0.325 X2 + 0.644 ε1, where R2 = 0.585, sub-structure structural equation 2 ie, Z = 0.191 X1 + 0.239 X2 + 0.618 Y + 0.402 ε2 where R2 = 0.838 Conclusions and Recommendations of this research work motivation (X1) and Compensation (X2) jointly have a significant influence on job satisfaction (Y) equal to 58.8%. Work motivation (X1), Compensation (X2), and Job Satisfaction (Y) jointly have a significant influence on the performance of Civil Servants (Z) equal to 83.8%.
Pengaruh Dewan Komisaris, Proporsi Komisaris Independen, Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan
Authors: Putra Brayen Prastika Dwi 
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is examined the influence of the composition of the board of commissioners toward the performance of companies from three different aspects; return stock market aspects, ROA aspects of accounting, and accounting aspects and market TobinsQ. This research had a sample of 400 financial records from 400 companies with the period of 2010 to 2013. This research used multiple linear regression method. The independent variable is the number of commissioners and the number of independent commissioners. Moderating variables of this research was the size of the company. The dependent variable was the performance of this company with the company RET measurements, ROA, TobinsQ. The results of this study indicated that for RET, the board had significant negative effect, as well as independent directors had not significant positive effect, while the influence of the board of commissioners of the smaller companies were not exhibited significantly negative. The commissioners had not significant positive effect, independent commissioner had significant positive effect, as well as the board of commissioners had not significant negative effect on the performance of smaller companies to ROA. Research on Tobins Q, the board has a significant positive effect. Independent commissioner also had positive and significant, and the board of commissioners has no significant negative effect on the performance of smaller companies.
Editorial
Authors: Trevisan Leonardo Nelmi , Dutra Joel Souza , Veloso Elza Fátima Rosa 
Published: November 2020

Ascensão na carreira! Rápida e ilimitada! Estas expressões, misto de evolução sem planejamento com puro exercício de vontade, têm marcado nos últimos tempos o debate sobre gestão de pessoas. E não só no Brasil. A crise econômica mundial de 2008 - e a lenta recuperação, com muitos recuos – parece ter construído uma outra noção de tempo para a evolução profissional.
Presenting the Sixth JDR Award
Authors: Nakada Setsuya ,   Center for Integrated Volcano Research, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Japan
Published: November 2020

It is our great pleasures to present the sixth JDR Award to Prof. Masato Iguchi. Prof. Iguchi, as the top guest editor, published two JDR special issues entitled “Integrated Study on Mitigation of Multimodal disasters caused by Ejection of Volcanic Products.” These special issues, vol.11, no.1 in 2016 and vol.14, no.1 in 2019, were results of a project (2013–2018) of the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS). The second special issue set a record for the highest annual download. In addition, he was the first author or co-author of 11 papers published by JDR in 2019.
Professor Iguchi, as one of most recognized volcanologists in the world, has been leading observation research of active volcanoes as the Director of the Sakurajima Volcano Research Center of Kyoto University’s Disaster Prevention Research Institute. He has promoted geophysical research on volcanic activity not only in Japan but also in Indonesia, evaluating volcanic activity by incorporating the results of material science and demonstrating the effectiveness of long-term, multi-item observations in those processes. He has made a significant contribution to the promotion of Indonesian volcano research, taking over the strong will of former Kyoto University professors, and his contributions have culminated in the aforementioned two special issues.
On behalf of the JDR editorial board, I wish to thank Prof. Iguchi for his efforts and to congratulate him as the winner of the sixth JDR Award.
Connectedness Among Economic Policy Uncertainties: Evidence from the Time and Frequency Domain Perspectives
Authors: Cui Jinxin , Zou Huiwen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the frequency connectedness among economic policy uncertainties of G20 countries using the novel frequency connectedness proposed by Barunik and Krehlik (2018) which can depict the dynamic connectedness not only over time but also across different frequencies. The empirical results obtained in this paper demonstrate that, firstly, the connectedness among economic policy uncertainties is significant, and the spillover effects during the financial crisis and the post-financial crisis period are stronger than the pre-financial crisis period. Secondly, the United States, France, and Australia are the main net-transmitters of the economic policy uncertainty spillovers while Brazil, Italy, Mexico, and Russia act as the main net-recipients of the spillovers. Thirdly, the major international events may significantly enhance the spillover transmissions of economic policy uncertainty among different countries, thus increasing the magnitude of the total connectedness. Finally, the economic policy uncertainty spillovers are mainly transmitted in the short term, i.e., 1∼4 months instead of longer time horizons in terms of the magnitude of the frequency connectedness measures. The findings of this paper not only have profound theoretical and practical significance but also provide several significant implications for the policymakers, supervision agents, international traders, and various investors.
Geriatricians’ Standpoint of the Informed Consent Process Among Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: The Lebanese Context
Authors: Fakhro MPH DPT PT Mohammed Ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDespite the existence of laws that ensure that patients’ capacity to consent is assessed systematically, many gray areas remain with that regard. As dementia progresses, some patients lose their capacity to make decisions. This study aimed to investigate the geriatricians’ understanding of the principle of autonomy and their perception of the decision-making capacity (DMC) testing as part of the informed consent (IC) process among patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Proposing an algorithm for a reliable, comprehensive, and valid assessment of DMC was the secondary aim of this study.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to empirically collect data via an e-survey. Accordingly, a comprehensive list of geriatricians was provided by the Lebanese Order of Physicians. Geriatricians were approached via a phone call, to provide them with study-specific information. Those who accepted to participate received a link to the study’s survey via e-mail.ResultsAmong the eligible geriatricians, 75% had completed the e-survey, with a mean of 14.7 ± 9.6 years of experience. More than half of the geriatricians failed to recognize that assessing the patients’ DMC is an integral component of the IC process. Yet, 88.9% assessed the DMC of their patients with AD using different modalities. However, the majority were unable to justify their judgment of DMC based on the tools they have selected.ConclusionLebanese geriatricians have demonstrated a poor understanding of the concept of autonomy and failed to recognize the need for the DMC assessment as a component of the IC’s process. Moreover, they were unable to select adequate tools to assess and judge the DMC of their patients with AD.
Impact of meteorological conditions and air pollution on Covid-19 pandemic transmission in Lombardy region, Northern Italy
Authors: Lolli Simone , Chen Ying-Chieh , Wang Sheng-Hsiang , Vivone Gemine 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Italy was the first, among all the European countries, to be strongly hit by the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2). The virus, proven to be very contagious, infected more than 9 million people worldwide (in June 2020). Nevertheless, it is not clear the role of air pollution and meteorological conditions on virus transmission. In this study, we quantitatively assessed how the meteorological and air quality parameters are correlated to the Covid-19 transmission in Lombardy (Northern Italy), the region epicenter of the virus outbreak. Our main findings highlight that temperature and humidity related variables are negatively correlated to the virus transmission, whereas air pollution (PM2.5) shows a positive correlation. In other words, Covid-19 pandemic transmission prefers dry and cool environmental conditions, as well as polluted air. For these reasons, the virus might easier spread in unfiltered air-conditioned environments. Those results will be supporting decision makers to contain new possible outbreaks.
Protocol for the pig liver ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Felli Eric , Al-Taher Mahdi , Felli Emanuele , Cinelli Lorenzo , Diana Michele 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a dreadful vascular complication, which leads to liver damage. It is often associated with graft loss in liver transplantation and with a higher morbidity and mortality. IRI can have different causes, such as inflow clumping during surgical procedures in hepatic resection, liver transplantation, trauma, as well as during the stenosis of the vasculature caused by cancer. Here, we show a detailed IRI protocol in a porcine model.
The effect of listening to loud music in the performance of three higher-level cognitive functions
Authors: Villamizar Carlos Domínguez , Arenas Coral Guerrero , Bustamante Felipe Orduña , Moyeda Iris Galicia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
For some people, listening to music can be a pleasant collateral activity during working hours. Occasionally considered to be an important stress reducing strategy in situations when planning, and decision making are required. For that reason, in this work we seek to assess the effect of listening to music at sound pressure levels Leq of 74 to 78 dB-A, in three higher-level cognitive functions: planning, inhibition and visuospatial working memory, in a group of 22 young adults 22 to 39 years old from Mexico City using a two-phase quasi experimental design. During phase 1, all participants were screened for good hearing health through a standard pure-tone audiometry, and then performed four neuropsychological tests while listening to loud music. During phase 2, participants performed the same neuropsychological tests applied during phase 1, but without presenting the musical stimulus in a quiet laboratory environment with a background noise level Leq of 24 to 30 dB-A. In both phases participants were also physiologically tested for possible stress markers. The results demonstrate that listening to loud music might negatively affects daily life cognitive abilities like planning, inhibition, and visuospatial working memory.
HIV Populations Shift After Tuberculosis Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: Implications For HIV Remission
Authors: Lange Camille , Manion Maura , Lindo Natalie , Gorelick Robert , Ortega-Villa Ana , Huik Kristi , Gonsalves Christian , Roby Gregg , Sheikh Virginia , Cai Catherine , Pei Luxin , Laidlow Elizabeth , Rote Paula , Bell Jennifer , Rupert Adam , Adelsberger Joseph , Shao Wei , Nason Martha , Maldarelli Frank , Sereti Irini 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Tuberculosis associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is a serious complication of starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). TB-IRIS emerges early after cART initiation and is characterized by rapid expansions of TB-specific CD4+ T cells and high levels of inflammatory mediators driven by CD4+ T cells. The effects of TB-IRIS on HIV populations are unknown, but could result in profound expansion and elimination of HIV infected cells via cellular activation and acute inflammation. We investigated immediate and long-term effects of TB-IRIS on HIV infected cells with and without TB-IRIS. We measured plasma HIV RNA, cell-associated HIV RNA and HIV DNA levels and compared genetic characteristics of HIV populations after prolonged cART. We found that TB-IRIS was associated with more diverse HIV DNA populations and HIV reservoirs after IRIS were distinct from pre-therapy populations, suggesting that TB-IRIS can shape the HIV reservoir with detrimental implications for HIV remission strategies.