bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Mixed-Mode Ventilation System With Intermittent Personalized Ventilation for Improving Thermal Comfort in an Office Space
Authors: Katramiz Elvire , Ghaddar Nesreen , Ghali Kamel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The mixed-mode ventilation (MMV) system is an energy-friendly ventilation technique that combines natural ventilation (NV) with mechanical air conditioning (AC). It draws in fresh air when the outdoor conditions are favorable or activates otherwise the AC system during occupancy hours. To improve performance of the MMV system, it is proposed to integrate it with an intermittent personalized ventilation (IPV) system. IPV delivers cool clean air intermittently to the occupant and enhances occupant thermal comfort. With the proper ventilation control strategy, IPV can aid MMV by increasing NV mode operational hours, and improve the energy performance of the AC system by relaxing the required macroclimate set point temperature.
The aim of this work is to study the IPV+MMV system performance for an office space application in terms of thermal comfort and energy savings through the implementation of an appropriate control strategy. A validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of an office space equipped with IPV is used to assess the thermal fields in the vicinity of an occupant. It is then coupled with a transient bio-heat and comfort models to find the overall thermal comfort levels. Subsequently, a building-performance simulation study is performed using Integrated Environmental Solutions-Virtual Environment (IES-VE) for an office in Beirut, Lebanon for the typical summer month of July. An energy analysis is conducted to predict the savings of the suggested design in comparison to the conventional AC system. Results showed that the use of IPV units and MMV significantly reduced the number of AC operation hours while providing thermal comfort.
Numerical Simulation of Heat Conduction Problems With the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) and Discrete Boltzmann Method (DBM): A Comparative Study
Authors: Chen Leitao , Petrosius Timothy , Schaefer Laura 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Unlike Fourier’s law, which is built upon the continuum assumption and constitutive equation of energy conservation, kinetic models study the transport phenomena from a more fundamental level and in a more generalized way. The Boltzmann equation (BE), which is one type of kinetic model, is a generalized transport model that can solve any advection-diffusion problem regardless of whether such a problem is advection-dominated or diffusion-dominated. Although the BE has been successfully applied to model fluid transport, which is an advection-dominated process, in this paper, in order to demonstrate the generality of the BE, heat conduction, which is a diffusion-only process, is simulated by two numerical derivatives of the BE: the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the discrete Boltzmann method (DBM). The DBM model presented in this paper is unique in the way that the BE is solved on complete unstructured grids with the finite volume method. Therefore, it is named the finite volume discrete Boltzmann method (FVDBM). Two two-dimensional heat conduction problems with different domain geometries and boundary conditions are simulated by both the LBM and FVDBM and quantitatively compared. From that comparison, it is found that the FVDBM produces a higher level of accuracy than the LBM for problems with curved boundaries, while maintaining the same accuracy as the LBM for problems with straight boundaries. The advantage displayed by the FVDBM approach is the direct result of a more accurate reconstruction of curved boundaries by the utilization of unstructured grids, versus the Cartesian grids necessary for the LBM.
Experimental Investigation of Shell-Side Flow Condensation on Three-Dimensional Enhanced Surface Tubes
Authors: Yang Desong , Sun Zhichuan , Li Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An experimental investigation of shell-side flow condensation heat transfer was performed on advanced three-dimensional surface-enhanced tubes, including a herringbone micro-fin tube and a newly-developed 1-EHT tube. An equivalent plain tube was also tested for performance comparison. All of the test tubes have similar geometry parameters (inner diameter 11.43mm, outer diameter 12.7mm). Tests were conducted using R410A as the working fluid at a condensation saturation temperature of 45 °C, covering the mass flux range of 10–55 kg/(m2·s) with an inlet quality of 0.8 and an outlet quality of 0.1. Experimental results showed that the plain tube exhibits a better condensation heat transfer performance when compared to the enhanced tubes. Moreover, the mass flux has a significant influence on the heat transfer coefficient for shell-side condensation: the condensation heat transfer coefficient of plain tube decreases when the refrigerant mass flux becomes larger, while the heat transfer coefficient of herringbone tube shows a non-monotonic trend and the heat transfer coefficient of the 1-EHT tube gets higher with increasing refrigerant mass flux. Besides, A new prediction model based on the Cavallini’s equation was developed to predict the condensing coefficient of the three test tubes, and the mean absolute error of the improved equations is less than 4%.
Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of R134A in Horizontal Micro-Scale Enhanced Tube
Authors: Gu Zongbao , Ma Xiang , He Yan , Ma Lianxiang , Kukulka David J. , Li Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the heat transfer and pressure drop of R134A during condensation inside a stainless steel micro-scale enhanced surface tube (EHT tube) and smooth tube. The tests were conducted at a saturation temperature of 45°C, over the mass fluxes range of 100 to 200 kg/m2s, the heat fluxes of 14–25 kW/m2, an inlet vapor quality of 0.8 and outlet vapor quality of 0.2. The heat length and inner diameter of the tested tube were 2 m and 11.5 mm. The micro-scale enhanced surface tube has complex surface structures composed of dimples and petal arrays background patterns. It can be observed the condensation heat transfer coefficients of the EHT tube is about 1.6–1.7 times higher than that of a stainless steel smooth tube. Enhancement of the EHT tube was achieved due to disruption of the boundary layer, secondary fluid generation, increasing fluid turbulence and heat transfer area. In addition, considering the friction pressure drop, the EHT tube produces the larger friction pressure drop, which is 1.05–1.20 times as compared to the smooth tube. Finally, the performance factors were performed to evaluate the enhancement effect of the EHT tube based on heat transfer coefficient-pressure drop evaluation criteria value (η1) and heat transfer coefficient-area evaluation criteria value (η2).
Application of Scatter Search With Path Relinking for Scheduling Problems With Crane Interference
Authors: Tanizaki Takashi , Masuda Yuto , Katagiri Hideki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Scheduling problems in manufacturing are large and complex, and there are many constraints. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain the optimal solution within a practical time. If it is necessary to avoid interference between cranes in addition to not violating the operational constraints of each machine, it is difficult to obtain the optimal solution to such scheduling problems in a practical time. For this scheduling problem, we propose a new solution algorithm combining scatter search with path relinking and operation simulation. In this paper, we describe previous research, our target process, the new solution algorithm, and discuss algorithm design methods based on numerical experiments.
Football Versus National Service: A Case Study Exploration of Facebook Comments on the Ben Davis Saga
Authors: Ong Nathanael C.H. 
Published: September 2020

Singaporean footballer Ben Davis applied for deferment from national service (NS) in order to pursue his dream of playing in the English Premier League. However, his deferment request was rejected by the Ministry of Defense, and there was a sizable national debate on whether Davis should be granted the deferment. The study sought to use the Ben Davis saga as a case study to provide an exploration of public opinion toward various issues relating to sport and society. A total of 14,093 comments were extracted from various news sources on Facebook, and a randomized sample of 1,875 comments was used for the final analysis. The constant comparative methodology was used to conduct a thematic analysis of the comments. The analysis produced four higher order themes: (a) sport in Singapore, (b) role and relevance of NS, (c) national interest versus individual choice, and (d) perception of new citizens and foreign talent.
Effect of home-based newborn care on neonatal and infant mortality: a cluster randomised trial in India
Authors: Rasaily Reeta , Saxena NC , Pandey Sushma , Garg Bishan S , Swain Saraswati , Iyengar Sharad D , Das Vinita , Sinha Sheela , Gupta Subodh , Sinha Anju , Kumar Shiv , Pandey Arvind , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Sachdev Harshpal Singh , Sankar Mari Jeeva , Ramji Siddarth , Paul Vinod K , Bang Abhay T 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundHome-based newborn care has been found to reduce neonatal mortality in rural areas. Study evaluated effectiveness of home-based care delivered by specially recruited newborn care workers- Shishu Rakshak (SR) and existing workers- anganwadi workers (AWW) in reducing neonatal and infant mortality rates.MethodsThis three-arm, community-based, cluster randomised trial was conducted in five districts in India. Intervention package consisted of pregnancy surveillance, health education, care at birth, care of normal/low birthweight neonates, identification and treatment of sick neonates and young infants using oral and injectable antibiotics and community mobilisation. The package was similar in both intervention arms—SR and AWW; difference being healthcare provider. The control arm received routine health services from the existing health system. Primary outcomes were neonatal and young infant mortality rates at ‘endline’ period (2008–2009) assessed by an independent team from January to April 2010 in the study clusters.FindingsA total of 6623, 6852 and 5898 births occurred in the SR, AWW and control arms, respectively, during the endline period; the proportion of facility births were 69.0%, 64.4% and 70.6% in the three arms. Baseline mortality rates were comparable in three arms. During the endline period, the risk of neonatal mortality was 25% lower in the SR arm (adjusted OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.99); the risks of early neonatal mortality, young infant mortality and infant mortality were also lower by 32%, 27%, and 33%, respectively. The risks of neonatal, early neonatal, young infant, infant mortality in the AWW arm were not different from that of the control arm.InterpretationHome-based care is effective in reducing neonatal and infant mortality rates, when delivered by a dedicated worker, even in settings with high rates of facility births.Trial registration numberThe study was registered with Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2011/12/002181).
Understanding families’ experiences following a diagnosis of non-syndromic craniosynostosis: a qualitative study
Authors: Kuta Victoria , Curry Lauren , McNeely Daniel , Walling Simon , Chorney Jill , Bezuhly Michael 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesCraniosynostosis is typically diagnosed and surgically corrected within the first year of life. The diagnosis and surgical correction of the condition can be a very stressful experience for families. Despite this, there is little research exploring the impact that craniosynostosis has on families, especially in the period immediately following diagnosis and correction. In this study, the authors aimed to qualitatively examine the psychosocial experience of families with a child diagnosed with craniosynostosis.DesignQualitative study.SettingTertiary care paediatric health centre.ParticipantsMothers of children newly diagnosed with single-suture, non-syndromic craniosynostosis.InterventionSemistructured interviews regarding parental experience with the initial diagnosis, their decision on corrective surgery for their child, the operative experience, the impact of craniosynostosis on the family and the challenges they encountered throughout their journey.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThematic analysis, a type of qualitative analysis that provides an in-depth account of participant’s experiences, was used to analyse the interview data.ResultsOver a 4-year period, 12 families meeting eligibility criteria completed the study. Three main themes (six subthemes) emerged from the preoperative interviews: frustration with diagnostic delays (parental intuition and advocacy, hope for improved awareness), understanding what to expect (healthcare supports, interest in connecting with other families) and justifying the need for corrective surgery (influence of the surgeon, struggle with cosmetic indications). Two main themes (four subthemes) were drawn from the postoperative interviews: overcoming fear (the role of healthcare professionals, transition home) and relief (reduction in parental anxiety, cosmetic improvements).ConclusionsOverall, the diagnosis of craniosynostosis has a profound impact on families, leading them to face many struggles throughout their journey. A better understanding of these experiences will help to inform future practice, with a hope to improve this experience for other families moving forward.
Oral health improvement for nursing home residents through delegated remotivation and reinstruction (MundZaRR Study): study protocol of a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hertrampf Katrin , Schlattmann Peter , Meyer Gabriele , Gassmann Georg , Abraham Jens , Hammen Volker , Schwendicke Falk 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionOral health and oral health-related quality of life (OHrQL) of residents in German long-term residential care (LRC) are poor. We will develop an evidence-based catalogue of interventions (‘Oral Health Toolbox’) and provide care-accompanying reinstruction and remotivation of nursing staff by dental assistants (DA). We hypothesise that such intervention will significantly improve OHrQL, daily oral hygiene/care behaviour and is cost-effective.Methods and analysisA scoping review will be used to identify possible intervention components. Mixed methods will be used to identify barriers and enablers of oral hygiene and care in German LRC. The result will be the ‘Oral Health Toolbox’, a two-phased instrument supporting both initial intervention allocation to improve oral health/hygiene and reinstruction/remotivation. A two-arm clustered, randomised controlled trial (ratio of 1:1 via block randomisation) will be performed in LRC in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Each nursing home represents a cluster. Based on a feasibility study, considering clustering and possible attrition, we aim at recruiting 618 residents in 18 clusters. In the intervention group, dentists will assign one or more intervention component from the box (phase 1). During follow-up, nursing staff will be reinstructed and remotivated by DA, who use the box to decide how to maintain the intervention (phase 2). In the control group residents will receive care as usual. The primary outcome, OHrQL, will be measured using the General Oral Health Assessment Index. Secondary outcomes include pain condition, general health-related quality of life, caries increment, oral/prosthetic hygiene and gingival status, incidence of dental emergencies and hospitalisations, and cost-utility/effectiveness. The endpoints will be measured at baseline and after 12 months. For our primary outcome, a mixed-linear model will be used within an intention-to-treat analysis. A process evaluation using mixed methods will be conducted alongside the trial.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval by the University of Kiel was granted (D480/18).Trial registration numberNCT04140929.
Public responses to the Salisbury Novichok incident: a cross-sectional survey of anxiety, anger, uncertainty, perceived risk and avoidance behaviour in the local community
Authors: Rubin G James , Webster Rebecca , Amlot Richard , Carter Holly , Weston Dale , Wessely Simon 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesMalicious incidents involving chemical agents sometimes trigger high public concern. We aimed to (1) identify levels of emotion, perceived risk and behaviour change with regard to visiting Salisbury, 1 month after three people were poisoned with a nerve agent; and (2) test whether factors including receipt of information, beliefs about personal exposure and trust in government were associated with these outcomes.DesignA cross-sectional telephone survey of a random sample of Salisbury residents.SettingConducted between 5 and 13 April 2018.Participants500 residents aged 18 or over.Outcome measuresSelf-reported anxiety, anger, uncertainty, perceived risk to self and avoidance of Salisbury.ResultsAny degree of anxiety, anger and uncertainty was reported by 40.6%, 29.8% and 30.6% of participants, respectively. For the majority, the level of emotion reported was mild. Only 7.0% met the criteria for high anxiety and 5.2% reported feeling any risk to their health, whereas 18.6% reported avoiding Salisbury. Factors associated with avoidance of Salisbury included being female, unable to rule out exposure for oneself or of loved ones, believing the incident was targeted against the general public, and lower trust in the government and responding agencies. Hearing a lot or a little about the recovery support (eg, financial packages), as opposed to nothing at all, and being satisfied with this information were associated with reduced avoidance.ConclusionsAlthough the March 2018 Salisbury incident had a relatively modest impact on emotion and risk perception in the community, the number who reported avoiding the city was notable. In this, and in future incidents, assuring people that contamination resulted from a targeted, rather than indiscriminate, incident; demonstrating that contamination is contained within specific areas; improving communication about any financial support; and promoting trust in responding agencies should help provide additional reassurance to the community.
Fatigue and recovery among Malaysian doctors: the role of work-related activities during non-work time
Authors: Mohd Fauzi Mohd Fadhli , Mohd Yusoff Hanizah , Mat Saruan Nur Adibah , Muhamad Robat Rosnawati , Abdul Manaf Mohd Rizal , Ghazali Maisarah 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThis paper aims to estimate the level of acute fatigue, chronic fatigue and intershift recovery among doctors working at public hospitals in Malaysia and determine their inter-relationship and their association with work-related activities during non-work time.DesignCross-sectional.SettingSeven core clinical disciplines from seven tertiary public hospitals in Malaysia.ParticipantsStudy was conducted among 330 randomly-sampled doctors. Response rate was 80.61% (n=266).ResultsThe mean score of acute fatigue, chronic fatigue and intershift recovery were 68.51 (SD=16.549), 54.60 (SD=21.259) and 37.29 (SD=19.540), respectively. All these scores were out of 100 points each. Acute and chronic fatigue were correlated (r=0.663), and both were negatively correlated with intershift recovery (r=−0.704 and r=−0.670, respectively). Among the work-related activities done during non-work time, work-related ruminations dominated both the more frequent activities and the association with poorer fatigue and recovery outcomes. Rumination on being scolded/violated was found to be positively associated with both acute fatigue (adjusted regression coefficient (Adj.b)=2.190, 95% CI=1.139 to 3.240) and chronic fatigue (Adj.b=5.089, 95% CI=3.876 to 6.303), and negatively associated with recovery (Adj.b=−3.316, 95% CI=–4.516 to –2.117). Doing work task at workplace or attending extra work-related activities such as locum and attending training were found to have negative associations with fatigue and positive associations with recovery. Nevertheless, doing work-related activities at home was positively associated with acute fatigue. In terms of communication, it was found that face-to-face conversation with partner did associate with higher recovery but virtual conversation with partner associated with higher acute fatigue and lower recovery.ConclusionsWork-related ruminations during non-work time were common and associated with poor fatigue and recovery outcomes while overt work activities done at workplace during non-work time were associated with better fatigue and recovery levels. There is a need for future studies with design that allow causal inference to address these relationships.
Impact of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer on ethnic health inequities in New Zealand: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: McLeod Melissa , Sandiford Peter , Kvizhinadze Giorgi , Bartholomew Karen , Crengle Sue 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThere are large inequities in the lung cancer burden for the Indigenous Māori population of New Zealand. We model the potential lifetime health gains, equity impacts and cost-effectiveness of a national low-dose CT (LDCT) screening programme for lung cancer in smokers aged 55–74 years with a 30 pack-year history, and for formers smokers who have quit within the last 15 years.DesignA Markov macrosimulation model estimated: health benefits (health-adjusted life-years (HALYs)), costs and cost-effectiveness of biennial LDCT screening. Input parameters came from literature and NZ-linked health datasets.SettingNew Zealand.ParticipantsPopulation aged 55–74 years in 2011.InterventionsBiennial LDCT screening for lung cancer compared with usual care.Outcome measuresIncremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated using the average difference in costs and HALYs between the screened and the unscreened populations. Equity analyses included substituting non-Māori values for Māori values of background morbidity, mortality and stage-specific survival. Changes in inequities in lung cancer survival and ‘health-adjusted life expectancy’ (HALE) were measured.ResultsLDCT screening in NZ is likely to be cost-effective for the total population: NZ$34 400 per HALY gained (95% uncertainty interval NZ$27 500 to NZ$42 900) and for Māori separately (using a threshold of gross domestic product per capita NZ$45 000). Health gains per capita for Māori females were twice that for non-Māori females and 25% greater for Māori males compared with non-Māori males. LDCT screening will narrow absolute inequities in HALE and lung cancer mortality for Māori, but will slightly increase relative inequities in mortality from lung cancer (compared with non-Māori) due to differential stage-specific survival.ConclusionA national biennial LDCT lung cancer screening programme in New Zealand is likely to be cost-effective, will improve total population health and reduce health inequities for Māori. Attention must be paid to addressing ethnic inequities in stage-specific lung cancer survival.