bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical, Laboratory, and Chest CT Features of Severe Versus Non-Severe Pediatric Patients with COVID‐19 Infection Among Different Age Groups
Authors: Hoseinyazdi Meisam , Esmaeilian Saeid , Jahankhah Reza , Teimouri Arash , sherbaf Farzaneh ghazi , Rafiee Faranak , Jalli Reza , Hooshmandi Sedighe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical, laboratory, and chest computed tomography (CT) findings between severe and non-severe patients as well as between different age groups of pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19.Method: This study was performed on 55 pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized in Namazi and Ali Asghar Hospitals, Shiraz, Iran. Patients were divided into severe (n=27) and non-severe (n=28) groups. Also, they were categorized into three age groups: aged less than two years, 3-12 years and 13-17 years. CT scans, laboratory, and clinical features were taken from all patients at the admission time. Abnormal chest CT in COVID-19 pneumonia was found to show one of the following findings: ground-glass opacities (GGO), bilateral involvement, peripheral and diffuse distribution.Result: Fever (79.2%) and dry cough (75.5%) were the most common clinical symptoms. Severe COVID-19 patients showed lymphocytosis compared to non-severe ones (P = 0.028). C-reactive protein (CRP) was shown to be significantly lower in patients aged less than two years than those aged 3-12 and 13-17 years old (P = 0.009). It was also shown that O2 saturation was significantly increased, as age increased (P = 0.015). Also, severe patients had significantly higher CT abnormalities compared to non-severe ones (48.0% compared to 17.9%, respectively) (P = 0.019).Conclusion: Lymphocytosis and abnormal CT findings are among the factors most associated with COVID-19 severity. It was, moreover, showed that the severity of the COVID-19, O2 saturation, and respiratory distress were improved as the age of confirmed COVID-19 pediatric patients increased.
Impact of mass distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in Mozambique, 2011 to 2025: Retrospective and prospective modeling of child mortality and lives saved
Authors: Wetzler Erica A , Arroz Jorge A.H. , Park Chulwoo , Chande Marta , Mussambala Figueiredo , Candrinho Baltazar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

Malaria was the leading cause of post-neonatal deaths in Mozambique in 2017. The use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is recognized as one of the most effective ways to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality, especially in children. In 2015, Mozambique committed to the expansion of LLIN coverage nationwide, culminating in the first countrywide campaign in 2017, reaching 95% of registered households. Between 2012 and 2019, more than 34 million LLINs were distributed. No previous analyses have estimated changes in mortality attributable to the scale-up of LLINs, accounting for provincial differences in mortality rates and coverage of health interventions.
Methods

From 2012 to 2020, the population-based model NetCALC was used to predict provincial household LLIN coverage based upon the number of LLINs distributed annually. NetCALC also projected how many LLINs are needed to maintain universal coverage in 10 provinces from 2021 to 2025. Based upon the annual provincial coverage of LLINs, the Lives Saved Tool (LiST), a multi-cause mathematical model, estimated under-5 lives saved, and reductions in under-5 mortality attributable to LLIN expansion in 10 provinces of Mozambique between 2012 and 2020, and projected lives saved from 2021 to 2025 if universal coverage of LLINs is sustained.
Results

Results from the LiST models estimate that 64,470 child deaths were averted between 2012 and 2019. If currently planned quantities of LLINs are distributed in 2020, and universal coverage is maintained from 2021 to 2025, an additional 68,695 child deaths could be averted. From 2011 to 2020, the percent reduction in all-cause child mortality was 19.2%, from 114.5 per 1,000 to 93.2 per 1000 in the LLIN distribution model compared to 9.5% in the baseline model. If universal coverage continues through 2025, this reduction will be sustained.
Conclusions

LiST and NetCALC used together are useful in estimating lives saved and mortality in countries such as Mozambique where vital registration data to measure changes in mortality are not consistently available. Universal coverage of LLINs can save a substantial number of child lives and reduce child mortality in Mozambique but will require resource mobilization. Without continued investment, thousands of avoidable child deaths will occur.
Predicting Genetic Demography of Rear-edge Populations of Hemerocallis Middendorffii: A Test for Climate Effects in Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene Optimum
Authors: Masuda Kazutoshi , Setoguchi Hiroaki , Nagasawa Koki , Ishihara Masae Iwamoto , Sawa Kazuhiro , Horie Kenji , Tsuboi Hayato , Fukumoto Shigeru , Tango Tsuguoki , Sakaguchi Shota 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Quaternary climate changes significantly impacted population demography of temperate organisms by shifting their distribution. Notably, the rear-edge populations are considered to be more prone to these changes, but empirical studies showed the southernmost fragmented populations of Japanese woody plants to harbor high genetic diversities due to their southern glacial refugia origin. Therefore, the impacts of Holocene climate warming on rear-edge populations have been rarely demonstrated. For the better interpretation of genetic backgrounds of temperate plants, the association of paleodistributions under both icy and warm climates with species-specific demographic changes is required. A perennial daylily Hemerocallis middendorffii (Asphodelaceae) is widely distributed in temperate and cool-temperate zones of East Asia. In Japan, larger populations are found in central ranges, while few small populations survive on harsh rock walls in southernmost regions. We focused on these variable populations and aimed to predict the population demography in relation to past climate changes by statistically combining population genetics with paleodistribution modeling.Results EST-SSR analysis of 737 individuals from 41 populations revealed 6 regional population groups. Four groups widely dominating the northern–central ranges harbored high genetic diversity, whereas genetic divergence within the groups was low. However, two groups at the southwest edge were geographically and genetically isolated and showed the lowest genetic diversity. Estimated paleodistributions showed a decrease of suitable range during Holocene climate optimum in comparison with LGM, and a sole variable of habitat suitability in the Holocene optimum was able to predict genetic diversity across its range. Conclusions We concluded that habitat fragmentation and population decline in relation to the climate warming during the Holocene optimum and interspecific competition with woody plants resulted in genetic isolation and impoverishment of the rear-edge populations.
Type I IFN Signaling Limits Hemorrhage-Like Disease After Infection With Japanese Encephalitis Virus Through Modulating A Prerequisite Infection of&nbsp;CD11b+Ly-6C+ Monocytes
Authors: Patil Ajit Mahadev , Choi Jin Young , Park Seong Ok , Uyangaa Erdenebelig , Kim Bumseok , Kim Koanhoi , Eo Seong Kug 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The crucial role of type I interferon (IFN-I, IFN-a/b) is well known to control central nervous system (CNS)-neuroinflammation caused by neurotrophic flaviviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus. However, an in-depth analysis of IFN-I signal-dependent cellular factors that govern CNS-restricted tropism in JEV infection in vivo remains to elucidate. Methods: Viral dissemination, tissue tropism, and cytokine production were examined in IFN-I signal-competent and incompetent mice after JEV inoculation in tissues distal from the CNS such as the footpad. Bone marrow (BM) chimeric models were used for defining hematopoietic and tissue-resident cells in viral dissemination and tissue tropism.Results: The paradoxical and interesting finding was that IFN-I signaling was essentially required for CNS neuroinflammation following JEV inoculation in distal footpad tissue. IFN-I signal-competent mice died after a prolonged neurological illness, but IFN-I signal-incompetent mice all succumbed without neurological signs. Rather, IFN-I signal-incompetent mice developed hemorrhage-like disease as evidenced by thrombocytopenia, functional injury of liver and kidney, increased vascular leakage, and excessive cytokine production. This hemorrhage-like disease was closely associated with quick viral dissemination and impaired IFN-I innate responses before invasion of JEV into the CNS. Using bone marrow (BM) chimeric models, we found that intrinsic IFN-I signaling in tissue-resident cells in peripheral organs played a major role in inducing the hemorrhage-like disease because IFN-I signal-incompetent recipients of BM cells from IFN-I signal-competent mice showed enhanced viral dissemination, uncontrolled cytokine production, and increased vascular leakage. IFN-I signal-deficient hepatocytes and enterocytes were permissive to JEV replication with impaired induction of antiviral IFN-stimulated genes, and neuron cells derived from both IFN-I signal-competent and incompetent mice were vulnerable to JEV replication. Finally, circulating CD11b+Ly-6C+ monocytes infiltrated into the distal tissues inoculated by JEV participated in quick viral dissemination to peripheral organs of IFN-I signal-incompetent mice at an early stage. Conclusion: An IFN-I signal-dependent model is proposed to demonstrate how CD11b+Ly-6C+ monocytes are involved in restricting the tissue tropism of JEV to the CNS.
The Role of Transcriptomic Biomarkers of Endometrial Receptivity in Personalized Embryo Transfer for Patients with Repeated Implantation Failure
Authors: He Aihua , Zou Yangyun , Wan Cheng , Zhao Jing , Zhang Qiong , Yao Zhongyuan , Tian Fen , Wu Hong , Huang Xi , Fu Jing , Hu Chunxu , Sun Yue , Xiao Lan , Yang Tianli , Hou Zhaojuan , Dong Xin , Lu Sijia , Li Yanping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Window of implantation (WOI) displacement was known as one of endometrial origin leading to embryo implantation failure, especially for repeated implantation failure (RIF). A accurately prediction tool of endometrial receptivity (ER) is extraordinary needed to precisely guide the successful embryo implantation. We aimed to establish an RNA-seq based endometrial receptivity test tool (rsERT) using transcriptomic biomarkers, and to evaluate the benefit of personalized embryo transfer (pET) guided by this tool in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF).Methods: Two-phase strategy including tool establishment with retrospective data and benefit evaluation with prospective, nonrandomized controlled trial. In the first phase, the rsERT was established by sequencing and analyzing the RNA of endometrial tissues from 50 infertile patients with normal window of implantation (WOI) timing. In the second phase, 142 patients with RIF were recruited and grouped by patient self-selection (experimental group, n=56; control group, n=86). pET guided by rsERT in the experimental group, and conventional ET in the control group. Results: The rsERT, comprising 175 biomarker genes, showed an average accuracy of 98.4% by using 10-fold cross-validation. IPR of experimental group (50.0%) was significantly improved compared to that (23.7%) of control group (RR, 2.107; 95% CI, 1.159 to 3.830; P = 0.017) when transferring day 3 embryos. Although not statistically different, IPR of experimental group (63.6%) was still 20 percentage points higher than that (40.7%) of control group (RR, 1.562; 95% CI, 0.898 to 2.718; P = 0.111) when transferring blastocyst. Regression analysis can precisely predict the optimal WOI time by using all samples as training dataset (R2= 0.92).Conclusions: The rsERT was developed to accurately predict WOI period and significantly improve pregnancy outcomes of patients with RIF, indicating the clinical potential of rsERT-guided pET. Optimization of the model made it possible to predict the optimal WOI by one-point sampling.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-DDD-17013375. Registered 14 November 2017, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx
Changes in Trunk Variability and Stability of Gait in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: Impact of Laboratory Versus Daily-living Environments
Authors: Nishi Yuki , Shigetoh Hayato , Fujii Ren , Osumi Michihiro , Morioka Shu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the impact of environment and pathology in trunk variability and stability of gait among individuals with CLBP. CLBP patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (HC) with no LBP history (n = 20) attached an accelerometer to the low back and performed gait in laboratory and daily-living settings. We calculated stride-to-stride standard deviation (SD) and multiscale sample entropy (MSE) as “gait variability” and maximum Lyapunov exponents (LyE) as “gait stability” in both the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions. In repeated-measures ANOVA, SD was affected by environment in the AP direction and by group and environment in the ML direction. MSE showed no effect in the AP direction and both effects in the ML direction. LyE showed both effects in the AP direction, but none in the ML direction. These change of trunk motor control by LBP have a relation to pain intensity, fear of movement and/or RMDQ in the daily-living but not laboratory settings. Evaluation of adaptation to environment in CLBP will enhance our understanding of changes in sensory-motor control and contribute to optimal management of such patients.
Improved Strategy for Jet-in-air Cell Sorting With High Purity, Yield, Viability and Genome Stability
Authors: Song Xinghui , Wang Jiajia , Li Yanwei , Xing Yueting , Guo Chun , Huang Yingying , Xu Lintao , Hu Hu , WANG LINLIN 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The enrichment of viable cells is an essential step in single-cell sequencing for clinical and biotechnology research applications. A high-end jet-in-air sorter is a fluorescent-activated cell sorting sorter that ideally processes cells with high purity, yield and viability. We want to improve the strategy for jet-in-air cell sorting to get more effective cells, and ensure the downstream experiments. Method: In this study, to achieve high-purity, high-yield, high-viability cell sorting, we explored three aspects. First, we manually adjusted the drop delay through the beads experiment to make it more accurate and to ensure the highest yield in theory, thereby avoiding the influence of the instrument and operator. Second, the effects on cell apoptosis caused by adding 2% fetal bovine serum to the loading buffer were examined. Third, the effects on cell count, apoptosis, proliferation and gene expression caused by employing FBS and bovine serum albumin in the collecting buffer were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed with GraphPad Prism 6 software. Significance was set at p < 0.05.Result: Our data showed that an additional manual correction of drop delay could lead to an improved cell yield of 98.28%±3.79%. Adding FBS (2%) to the loading buffer had no significant effect on the fate of sorted cells in 4 hours. However, employing a suitable concentration of FBS/BSA in the collecting buffer mediated a notable increase in cell count from 50% to ~100%, a significant decrease in cell apoptosis from ~40% to less than 10% for cell lines and ~70% to less than 40% for CD45+ primary cells from mouse spleen. And a clear increase in cell proliferation at 48 h after sorting for jurkat cells. Moreover, the level of gene expression remained steady in the 5% FBS collecting buffer. Conclusions: Our manuscript demonstrates techniques that can be easily followed to refine sort yields of healthy cells. Fluorescent-activated cell sorting users could easily obtain enough target cells with great viability and need not to worry about any problems related to collecting or loading buffer. Furthermore, adding extra expensive FBS in collecting or loading buffer to boost yield is no longer necessary. In all, this will make the downstream experiments smoother.
Sodom Apple (Solanum Incanum) Plant Material: A Greener Approach for Goat Skin Tanning Process
Authors: Tekalign Mihret Hailemariam , Badessa Tolera Seda , Mohammed Shegaw Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The use of natural materials that is eco-friendly on leather as vegetable tannins has become a matter of significant importance, as a result of increased environmental awareness to prevent some hazardous synthetic tannin. Therefore, this study investigated that the potential of the extracted tannin from Sodom apple (Solanum Incanum) fruit for its effectiveness as vegetable tanning agent on goatskins. It was extracted with distilled water, methanol, petroleum ether and ethanol by using Soxhlet extraction method. Although the amount of material extracted was significant in all extracting solvents, water was a more efficient solvent (extraction yield of 16.71%) than the others. The qualitative analysis and structural characterization of the extracts were done using thin layer chromatography (TLC), Ultraviolet (UV) spectrometer and Fourier Transformer Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer. The analysis confirmed that the presence of condensed tannins in the extract, which usually used for the application of tanning process in leather manufacturing industry. On other hand, the Quantitative Analysis of Sodom apple fruit extract was conducted by evaluating its moisture content (7.59%), total soluble solids (21.45%), tannin content (12.13%) and non-tannin contents (9.32%). The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was carried out to study the effect of the tannin system on the structural and morphological characteristics of the tanned leathers. Similarly, the organoleptic and strength properties of the tanned leathers were evaluated in comparison with the control ones. Finally, the pollution loads of tanning liquors in Sodom apple tanning significantly reduced as compared with the control (mimosa). Thus, the results in this study showed that the manufacture of leather based on Sodom apple fruit extract found to be a cleaner alterative and promising pathway for tanning goatskins.
Efficacy and Safety of Surfrin Intranasal Spray, a Natural Phospholipid Spray, in Treating Patients With Acute Rhinitis: a Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Yunying , Xia Jiyan , Luo Qiulan , Wang Peiyuan , Zou Haobo , Huang Wei , Feng Xiaocong , Wang Jianhui , Ouyang Wenwei , Liang Yan , Liu Chunsong , Wu Yingfang , Li Chunqiao , Chen Wenyong , Ruan Yan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Phospholipids form a natural defense and self-cleansing system in the nose, and the phospholipids supplemented via nasal sprays might stabilize or restore the impaired “nasal surfactant,” thereby maintaining the natural moisture film, protecting and moisturizing the nasal mucosa, and facilitating mucociliary clearance. Acute rhinitis is a self-limited, prevalent human disease caused by viral infection of the upper respiratory tract and is characterized by nasal dryness, sneezing, nasal congestion and discharge. Acute rhinitis is currently treated by symptom alleviation. This study investigates the efficacy and safety of a natural phospholipid intranasal spray in attenuating the nasal discomfort of patients with acute rhinitis. Methods: In this randomized, positive control, noninferiority trial, 144 patients with acute rhinitis were recruited by otolaryngologists in two Grade 3A public and research hospitals, and randomly allocated to experimental and control groups in a 1:1 ratio to receive a natural phospholipid spray, i.e., Surfrin® Intranasal Spray (Surfrin®), or a physiological sea water nasal spray, i.e., Bright Nose® Physiological Sea Water Nasal Spray (BNNS), respectively. The primary outcome was the effective rate, which was judged by the nasal sign score reduction index. The secondary outcome was changes in the total scores of nasal symptoms (TNSS). Any adverse events (AEs) of the study were recorded.Results: In the final statistical analysis, there were 68 participants in the experimental group and 71 participants in the control group. The effective rates of Surfrin® and BNNS were 98.5% and 91.5%, respectively. The TNSS decreased from 5.75±1.83 to 0.96±1.35 in the experimental group, and from 5.65±1.48 to 1.20±1.38 in the control group. The experimental group had one AE not related to treatment (1.41%), and another occurred in the control group (1.39%) and was probably related to treatment. No serious AEs or adverse reactions occurred.Conclusions: The results of this trial demonstrate the good safety and efficacy of the natural phospholipid Surfrin® Intranasal Spray as an alternative treatment for acute rhinitis. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Identifier: ChiCTR1900025655, September 4, 2019, retrospectively registered).
Pediatric undocumented immigrants require more hospitalizations and longer in-patient stay than the local citizen population
Authors: Oziri Avshalom , Schnapper Michael , Ovadia Adi , Abiri Shirli , Meirson Gila , Brantz Ilona , Oziri Osnat Blass , Tasher Diana , Mandelberg Avigdor , Dalal Ilan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The ongoing global refugee crisis has raised concerns among medical communities worldwide. Methods: We compared data from undocumented immigrant children and Israeli citizen children (ICC) admitted to the pediatric department (PD) at Wolfson hospital in Israel, between 2013–2017. Results: 104,244 visits (0-18 years) to the pediatric emergency department (PED) were recorded. The admission rates to the PD for undocumented immigrant children was 695/2541 (27%) as compared to 11,858/101,703 (11.7%) for Israeli citizen children (P< 0.001). After matching for age groups (0-5 years), the hospital stay duration for the 0-2 years age was 3.22 (±4.80) days for undocumented immigrant children and 2.78 (±3.17) for the local Israeli citizen population (P<0.03). For 0-2 year old children, re-admission rates within 7 days were 1.3% for undocumented immigrant children and 2.6% for Israeli, (p<0.05). Dermatological diseases (mainly impetigo and cellulitis) were more frequent in undocumented immigrant children (23.30% vs. 13.15%, p<0.01), however, acute gastroenteritis and respiratory diagnoses were more common in Israeli citizen children (11.72% vs. 18.52%, p<0.05 and 6.26% vs. 14.84%, p<0.01, respectively). Neurological diseases (mainly febrile convulsions) were also more frequent in Israeli citizen children (7.7% vs. 3%, P<0.05). Very significantly, 23% of undocumented immigrant children had no health care coverage, while only 0.2% of the Israeli citizen children had no medical coverage (P < 0.001). Conclusion: We found evidence for significant morbidity in undocumented immigrant children as compared to the local Israeli citizen pediatric population, highlighting the need for health policy changes on a national level to provide some sort of health coverage for all children.