bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antidiabetic effect and glucose tolerance of areca nut (Areca catechu) seed ethanol extract on alloxan-induced diabetic male rats
Authors: Musdja M Y , Nurdin A , Musir A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Areca catechu fruit (Areca nut) is one component of betel chewing. There is an assumption that the antidiabetic effect of chewing betel is sourced from areca nut. This study aims to determine the anti-hyperglycemic effect and glucose tolerance of ethanol extract of areca nut (Areca catechu) seed in diabetic rats. Old Areca nut fruit was obtained from a garden in the Depok region, the suburb of Jakarta. Areca nut seeds were made into a fine powder, then macerated by using 70% ethanol at room temperature based on the Harbone method. Male rats were eligible for the trial; after acclimatization, rats were made diabetic by using alloxan. The rats for this trial were divided into 6 groups. Each of groups consisted of 5 rats. Glibenclamide was used as a positive control for anti-diabetic, and acarbose was used for glucose tolerance test, as normal control was given distilled water, while negative control was used 1% CMC Na, namely a solution suspending agent for test preparation. Areca nut seed extract was given with 3 types of doses, namely low, medium and high doses, namely 22.5 mg; 45 mg and 180 mg per 200 gr body weight (BW) rats, respectively. For measure blood, sugar levels were used as a glucometer tool. The result of this study showed that on 14 days of given test preparation, the statistical results with ANOVA test and Kruskal-Wallis test showed that medium doses of areca nut seed extract had the same anti-diabetic effect and glucose tolerance with positive control and were significantly different to negative controls. (P≤0.05). While on the low and high dose was not significantly different from negative controls (P≥0.05). Conclusion of this study, areca nut seed was very potential for antidiabetic and glucose tolerance.
Preliminary study of cocoa powder’s polyphenol extraction by food grade solvent
Authors: Laila U , Nurhayati R , Khasanah Y , Herawati E R N , Wiyono T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cocoa contains polyphenol substances, namely flavan-3-ols, i.e. catechin, epicatechin, and proanthocyanidin. Its polyphenol antioxidant activity is larger than that of other sources, like green tea, apple, etc. Polyphenol of cocoa can be extracted from cocoa powder which is defatted partially by mechanical pressing (mechanical defatting) before, so that there is little of cocoa fat which still presence in cocoa powder by approximately 11% (w/w). However, the fat has characteristic as interference of polyphenol extraction. Generally, the non-food grade non-polar solvent are used to take the fat before extracting polyphenol, i.e. hexane, petroleum ether, and etc. By the research, it was studied about directly extraction of partially defatted cocoa powder’s polyphenol by food grade solvent without defatting process previously. The chosen solvent comprised water, acidified water (citric buffer), 50% ethanol, and 80% ethanol. Besides it, the study was also focused on extraction temperature that varied in room temperature (22°C) and 50°C. The parameter evaluated in this study were total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity expressed as antiradical power (ARP). The results showed the directly extraction of polyphenol consists of steps, i.e. extraction, centrifugation, first filtering, chilling, and second filtering. The highest of total phenolic content (TPC) was obtained from extraction conducted by 50% ethanol at temperature of 50°C and the highest antiradical power was obtained from extraction conducted by 50% ethanol at temperature of 22°C.
Structure of urban bioecoagrocentres in context of universal design principles
Authors: Akhmedova E A , Myatezhin M D , Teryagova A N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article deals with the strategy of the architectural and urban planning formation of bioecoagrocentres in the Middle Volga Region and city-farming as the forms of public employment in cities, commuter belt and countryside, justifies the system of Universal design that is innovative for the Russian Federation. The hypothesis about the actuality of senior age labour recourses’ engagement is made in the context of the population ageing problems, lack of qualified labour resources and general out migration from the countryside. It is proved that the planning of innovative, highly comfortable agrocentres environment (including the cities) may be necessary at all major target levels, i.e. urban planning, architectural, objective-spatial on the basis of the Universal design principles as a project tool. The gradual realization of environmental projects is planned. Correspondence with the principles of Universal design in this case is the element of environment accessibility quality control for all the categories of users including the mobility impaired ones.
“Mobility game”: interactive technology for urban planning education
Authors: Danilina N V , Harder R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Modern trends in the development of urban planning education dictate the need to implement new innovative technologies for comprehension of urban processes. The idea «from Smart Cities to Smart Territories» determines the current interest for the introduction of software systems that allow students creating and studying a smart urban environment. The article is devoted to the introduction of interactive technologies to improve the quality of the educational process in the field of urban planning. The relevance of the topic is due to modern trends in the digitalization of the urban environment. The purpose of the study is to determine the role and importance of interactive technologies in the formation of professional competencies of students in the planning and design of a smart city and its transport system. There is the analysis of possibilities of the software complex “Mobility game”. This interactive game allows creating a city and developing its transport infrastructure based on specific quantitative and qualitative parameters of development of the road network, the composition of the transport system and the mobility of the population. The software package takes into account modern trends in the development of smart urban transport, such as changes in the composition of the traffic flow, increasing the number of micro-cars and passenger transport, the rapid development of information technologies for travel support, and allows students visually exploring the interaction and mutual influence of various parameters in practical classes. The application spectrum of this software is broad. In addition to communicating essential relationships between urban development issues and the necessary transport infrastructure in education contexts, local planning situations can also be modelled using defined scenarios. The implementation of interactive technologies is a proven scientific and practice-oriented tool for this purpose.
Historical environment experience as a megapolis regeneration strategy
Authors: Malakhov S A , Repina E A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the article the concept of interrelation of historical architectural heritage of Samara with territories of the former areas of industrial building is considered; key aspect of this interrelation in the idea of transfer of positive qualities of the traditional city in mass building of an industrial era, as well as on absolutely new vacant territories moves forward. The reason of the similar initiative developed by staff of Institute of the City Samara for the non-profit expert organization including architects, town-planners and city activists consists in the revealed advantages of the historical environment (HE) in relation to modern mass construction. Presence of these advantages only at one small part of the city does not resolve the main problem – sustainable development of all megalopolis in general. The research of historical quarters allowed formulating the basic principles testifying to universal characteristics of the post-industrial environment providing a city way of life and successful city economy. The transfer task of “lessons of the historical environment” is not resolved out of a number of important changes in the town-planning strategy and professional beliefs of architects and without a certain correction of town-planning norms. The Institute of the City Samara together with the Dutch architects develops an initiative of updating the unique typology “the Samara yard!”, the integration accumulating the HE key positive codes and allowing to build the concept and interpretations of these codes in gradually degrading space of residential districts for the purpose of their full regeneration in the future in borders of all city as a uniform system.
Development of personnel as a factor in increasing production efficiency in construction
Authors: Okunkova E A , Ershova I G , Yakimova E Yu , Karakulin A Yu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the patterns of the formation, use and development of human resources at a large construction enterprise, as well as the analysis of the main economic indicators based on the use of statistical information. In order to achieve this goal the following tasks were solved: theoretical approaches to the term “staff development” were studied; the methods of personnel development, applied to construction plant; the technical and economic indicators of the activity of building enterprise on the basis of statistical information were revealed. The methodological framework is based on the methods of studying systems analysis, comparisons and analogies, economic-mathematical modeling. As a result of the study it is found that the increase of the completed construction directly depends on the quality of personnel, on its development and improvement. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the fact that the position of Russia in the construction world is quite significant. Due to the large-scale construction, Russia is able to ensure a high level of development of its own economy. To do this, it is necessary to increase investment in the development of human resources.
Perspective directions of development of waste processing enterprises in Khabarovsk
Authors: Sadredinov S A , Bazilevich M E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the problem of the development of the waste processing industry and the prospects for the construction of enterprises for the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the city of Khabarovsk. A brief overview of current trends in the collection, disposal and recycling of solid waste, which in recent decades have become widespread both in central Russia and abroad, is given. The circle of existing problems in the field of solid waste management in Khabarovsk and its environs is outlined. Based on the data of the urban development analysis, specific recommendations on the development of the waste processing industry in Khabarovsk are offered. The possibility of building a network of enterprises of several types and generations for the disposal of solid waste in the city and its environs is being considered, which will solve the existing environmental, economic and social problems.
Cultural and historical potential of the urban environment (regional aspect)
Authors: Subbotin O S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The concept of ‘urban environment’ is considered in the context of cultural and historical potential of a city. There were shown architectural and planning, urban planning, environmental and other factors that determine the comfort of urban environment. Due attention is paid to its cultural and historical potential, preservation and reconstruction of architectural monuments. It is noted that the development of urban environment is largely due to its cultural and historical potential. The analysis of main elements of a city that made up the structure of urban environment is carried out. It is shown that only complex approaches to the formation of harmonious urban environment can create the best conditions for human life. Special attention is paid to the preservation and recreation of historical and cultural heritage.
New types of urban formations modeling in the framework of educational design
Authors: Dyadchenko S F , Tarasova L G 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to new approaches to the urban areas design for Russia, focused on achieving modern criteria for the quality of the urban environment. It is highlighted that in spite of the attempts made in recent years in introducing new urban development standards in urban planning legislation aimed at increasing the density of development and multifunctional use of territories, the diversity of living environment types, the actual practice of constructing new areas differs little from what was developed in Russia 30 years ago. Therefore, it is very important to bare an adequate understanding of the processes and methods of forming a full-fledged urban environment in the city in architect students’ minds. The article discusses the concept of organizing a multifunctional district of the city of Saratov, developed as part of the graduate design by a group of students. The projected area acts as a self-sufficient urban unit, in the process of modeling of which criteria were developed and methods for creating a multifunctional urban environment meeting modern quality criteria were worked out.
Specific features of diaphragm wall construction
Authors: Mironov D A , Osokin A I , Loseva E S , Kuzhelev A I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper observes various technologies of diaphragm wall implementation as a shoring system in excavation pits. Protection of the adjacent existing buildings and structures and maximal removal of the impact to the existing city building system during construction process are considered as the key positive factor of the diaphragm wall technology. The consideration is made basing on the completed projects within dense existing building system of Saint-Petersburg where each free land plot is valuable and shall be used with the maximum benefit.
Spatial organization of modern university campuses environment
Authors: Popov A V , Timina A I , Yanova R Iu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The study reviews the regularities of the spatial organization of university campuses environment considering the functional needs of students, the spatial connections between functional areas, buildings and structures of the campus. Also a historical analysis of the development of complexes of higher education institutions in Russia is carried out. Thus, the general tendencies of creating the environment of university complexes have been reviewed. The concept and principles of the spatial organization of the environment of modern university campuses has been proposed. A conceptual architectural and spatial model is proposed taking into account the functional needs of residents.
Directions of transformation and development of border towns of the Leningrad region in modern conditions (through the examples of Ivangorod and Svetogorsk)
Authors: Vaytens A G , Yankovskaya Y S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Numerous problems of cross-border cooperation in the North Western Russia, in particular in the Leningrad region, are not defined only by features of interstate relations, but also by the problems of development of the border settlements. Cities with border points crossing creates the first impressions of the foreign visitors about Russia and therefore the search for the ways of their transformation and development is actual. In the Leningrad Region there are two border towns - Ivangorod (border with Estonia) and Svetogorsk (they border with Finland). Despite the differences in the border location of these towns relative to state borders, the problems of them are very similar. At present, both Ivangorod and Svetogorsk are not in the best position, and for these border towns most of the problems of small towns of Russia are characteristic. This is a range of territorial, transport, functional planning, economic and recreational problems.
Typology of depressive communal areas in a Russian town
Authors: Voroncova O N , Ajukasova L K , Lekareva N A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The typology of communal areas in a Russian town is presented in the article. The typology is characterized by location in town functional zones, by area localization, by hierarchy according to size and type of depression. Communal areas located in different functional areas of the city are divided into: communal areas in the residential zones; communal areas in public and business zones; communal areas in industrial zones; communal areas in engineering systems zones; communal areas in traffic-road net zones; “green” communal areas; communal areas in special use zones. By localization relative to the city center the communal areas can be: in the historical core of the city; in the administrative center of the city; in the middle part of the city; in the peripheral part of the city. According to the communal areas hierarchy, it can be considered at three urban levels (similar to economic theory): macro level; meso level; micro level. According to the types of communal areas depressiveness the territories can be divided into: economically depressed territories; socially depressed territories; architecturally depressed territories; territories with landscape depression; visually depressed territories; eneologically depressed territories. The above mentioned typology of communal areas based on the degree of their depression, will help the design and reconstruction process of a healthy urban environment in the cities of the future of Russia.
Cities of the future: a building typology with optimal daylighting
Authors: Zakirullin R S , Odenbakh I A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A novel building typology consisting in the use of optical filters in smart windows to achieve comfortable conditions of natural lighting and insolation indoors is presented. Thin-film chromogenic parallel strips on two surfaces of pane(s) of the window form two gratings providing the angular-selective light transmission. The design and principle of operation of the smart window and methods for calculating filter parameters are briefly described. The principles of using smart windows with optical filters are demonstrated on an example of a complex of three buildings.
Estates of the highest nobility of the St. Petersburg province as a special spatial structure of the historical St. Petersburg agglomeration
Authors: Sementsov S V , Kozyreva E A , Shuvaeva E Yu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the investigation of the placement of the largest, representative and prestigious country estates-“estates of the highest nobility” - on the territory of the historical St. Petersburg province and adjacent provinces before 1917. It consistently formed a single spatial network around St. Petersburg - the capital of the Russian state, the special system, which consisted of at least 271 estates. All these representative estates received the special functional and spatial landscape characteristics that significantly distinguish them from the “ordinary” estates of the nobility.
Optimization of air flows in Orthodox church by numerical simulation
Authors: Starkova L G , Surovtsov M M , Zotova D A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Frequently modern temples have certain problems with heating and ventilation, despite the strict design rules and the installation of religious buildings. There is a necessity to organize proper air exchange and ensure proper heating of the air throughout the space in a complex building. Moreover, to calculate the geometry of natural flows and supply jets, ensure the removal of polluted air bypassing crowded areas and the most important thing is to protect wall paintings and art objects from sedimentation of soot particles and dirt. Using the method of electronic digital modeling, the effectiveness of the proposed model of temple ventilation was confirmed, which is able to provide maximum protection and preservation of the interior decoration and works of art in the room at any mode of operation. Using the created model, specific design characteristics of ventilation and air heating systems were obtained and evaluated. Based on this, it was proposed to develop a project for their reconstruction.
Polychromy of objective-spatial heritage of the 19th century Voronezh as the basis for conceptual ideas of modern city coloristic
Authors: Yenin A E , Guriev A S , Guriev S N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Design objectives related to purposeful development of urban colouristics in general and colour design of public spaces in particular must be based on scientific and professional approach with due regard for colour culture of the region, natural colour landscape dynamics, and colour specificity of historical architecture. Colouristic analysis of objective-spatial environment of Voronezh in the 19th and early 20th centuries can become a colour identity basis for the development of conceptual design ideas of architectural and urban planning colouristics and shaping the city’s colour appearance.
Wastewater from the regeneration of cation-exchange filters for water treatment
Authors: Bykovsky N A , Kantor E A , Rahman P A , Puchkova L N , Fanakova N N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This scientific paper refers to the study of wastewater from the demineralized water production. The wastewater composition generated during the regeneration and washing of cation-exchange filters of the first and second stages in the water treatment shop of the Sterlitamak heat station was studied. Analysis of metal content in the wastewater of cation exchange filters was carried out by atomic absorption method on a «Saturn 3P1» apparatus. It is shown that these drains are of acidic type. More than 20 cations of various metals were found in the wastewater. The highest content is observed for sodium, calcium and magnesium ions in the drain. It is noted that the wastewater generated by the regeneration of cation-exchange filters without preliminary preparation is not suitable for electrochemical processing to produce acid and alkali.
Areas of sustainable development in island districts of Saint Petersburg
Authors: Granstrem M A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
At the current period which is characterized by aggressive introduction of capital into the historic center of Saint Petersburg, without scientific concept which establishes the integrity of the historical environment, it is impossible to ensure preservation of the historic city as a whole. This justifies the need to create a methodological framework defining the factors of establishing and preservation of historical buildings. The subject of research is the specificity of ribbon buildings of Vasilyevsky Island and Petrogradskaya Side as one of the most important components of historic Saint Petersburg architectural environment which has remained until today. The object of the research is the territories of sustainable development as elements of historical architectural and planning environment which was formed by ribbon (background) buildings of the main island districts of Saint Petersburg.
Modern technologies of architectural and urban planning modeling in design and training
Authors: Lekareva N A , Enyutina E D , Utesheva G T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article shows the relevance of the use of architectural and urban planning, including parametric modeling, as a creative approach not only to the design of the urban environment, but also to the training of future urban planners. Compositional methods of plastic modeling are considered that help to combine the research process and the creative search process, as well as the logic and stages of working with parametric tools. Examples of constructing a parametric object algorithm using modern software are presented.