bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Insider-Outsider Divide: Heterogeneous Effects of Organizational Identity and Category Taken-for-Grantedness on Conformity
Authors: Paolella Lionel , Syakhroza Maima Aulia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCategories that become taken-for-granted tend to acquire rule-like standing. That is, people begin to strongly expect certain behaviors from entities that have claimed affiliation with them, and these expectations tend to induce conformity. However, conformity does not always ensue, and we lack an explanation of why the effects of category taken-for-grantedness might diverge. In this paper, we propose that the effects of increasing category taken-for-grantedness hinge upon an organization’s identity. We first argue that the relationship between organizational identity and the likelihood of conformity is U-shaped, with insiders and outsiders being more likely to conform relative to those with middling identities. We then propose that greater category taken-for-grantedness should reduce scrutiny for those whose identities mark them as more of insiders, subsequently making them less likely to conform. In contrast, outsiders become more likely to conform as taken-for-grantedness increases. We test our arguments in the empirical context of Islamic banking, using data on 118 Islamic banks worldwide between 2001 and 2014. We examine the likelihood that banks in the sector make what are known as zakat payments as a function of category taken-for-grantedness and the extent to which a bank’s identity is Islamic. We discuss implications for the literatures on categories and identity.
Selenium donors inhibits osteoclastogenesis through inhibiting IL-6 and plays a pivotal role in bone metastasis from breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Luyan , Wu Xifa , Feng Yong , Zheng Linlin , Jian Jinbo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Bone metastases are a frequent complication of breast cancer, and there has been little progress in the treatment of breast cancer patients with bone metastases. The cytotoxicity of selenium donors, including organic selenium and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), to cancer cells has been reported previously, but their relationship with bone metastases progression is not fully clear yet. In this study, multicenter clinical exploration was conducted to obtain dietary selenium intakes of breast cancer patients with or without bone metastasis, to study the relationship between selenium and breast cancer prognosis and bone metastasis. We found that dietary selenium intakes were significantly lower in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis, comparing with the non-bone metastasis cases. Selenium lower group of bone metastasis breast cancer patients had worse prognosis, whereas the daily selenium intakes could not predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients without bone metastasis. Subsequently, we study the regulatory role of selenium donors on bone metastasis at the cellular level, by challenging the cells with SeNPs. SeNPs showed potent cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells, no matter whether they were primary or bone-metastatic. SeNPs treated cancer cell inhibited the survival and differentiation of osteoclast progenitor cells. At the molecular level, we demonstrated that IL-6 partially mediated osteoclastogenesis suppression by SeNPs. These results provide a new way for biomarkers or drug development to treat and even prevent bone metastases of breast cancer by using selenium donors.
Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in relation to anthropometric measures and pubertal development in a cohort of Northern California girls
Authors: Dobraca Dina , Laurent Cecile A. , Greenspan Louise C. , Hiatt Robert A. , Sjödin Andreas , Kushi Lawrence H. , Windham Gayle C. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of ubiquitous, environmental chemicals that may have endocrine disrupting capabilities. We investigated whether childhood exposure to PAHs was associated with adiposity and pubertal timing in a longitudinal study of 404 girls enrolled in the Northern California site of the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program cohort.

Methods:
Baseline urinary samples from girls aged 6–8-years-old were assayed for 2-naphthol, fluorene metabolites, phenanthrene metabolites, 1-hydroxypyrene, and sum of PAH metabolites. Mixed-effects linear models were used to estimate how concentrations of PAH metabolites were related to changes in girl’s body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio from age 7 through 16 years old. Accelerated failure time models were used to estimate age of pubertal onset (Tanner stages 2 or higher for breast and pubic hair development).

Results:
Higher adiposity measurements among high tertiles of baseline PAH metabolites were evident at age 7 years old and increased thereafter (i.e., BMI for all PAH metabolites, waist-to-height ratio for fluorene and phenanthrene metabolites) or leveled off (i.e., waist-to-height ratio for 2-naphthol, 1-hydroxypyrene, sum of PAHs). Among girls overweight/obese at baseline, median age of breast development onset for high tertiles was 9.1–9.4 years old compared with 10–10.2 years old for low tertiles for all PAH metabolites; in contrast, found no association or slightly later onset of breast development for girls with normal weight at baseline.

Discussion:
These results suggest that exposure to specific PAHs during childhood may influence adiposity throughout adolescence and effect pubertal timing.
Long-term effects of latitude, ambient temperature, and ultraviolet radiation on the incidence of multiple sclerosis in two cohorts of US women
Authors: Lam Thao , VoPham Trang , Munger Kassandra L. , Laden Francine , Hart Jaime E. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Differences in multiple sclerosis (MS) risk by latitude have been observed worldwide; however, the exposures driving these associations are unknown. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) has been explored as a risk factor, and ambient temperature has been correlated with disease progression. However, no study has examined the impact of all three exposures. We examined the association between these exposures and incidence of MS within two nationwide prospective cohorts of women, the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII).

Methods:
Both cohorts were followed with biennial questionnaires to ascertain new diagnoses and risk factors. Time-varying exposures to latitude, cumulative average July temperature (°C), and cumulative average July erythemal UV (mW/m2) were predicted at each participant’s biennially updated residential addresses. Using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for MS risk factors, we calculated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) within each cohort and pooled via meta-analyses.

Results:
In multivariable models, there were suggestions that decreasing latitude (meta-analysis multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.55, 0.94 for women living <35.73° compared with those ≥42.15°, P-for-trend = 0.007) and increasing cumulative average July temperature (meta-analysis multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.72, 0.91 for each interquartile range increase [3.91°]) were associated with decreasing risk of MS. There was no evidence of heterogeneity between cohorts. We did not observe consistent associations with cumulative average UV.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that adult exposures to decreasing latitude and increasing temperature, but not UV, were associated with reduced MS risk in these two cohorts of women. Studies of MS incidence may want to consider temperature as a risk factor.
Prevalence and Predictors of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Nonlow-risk Acute Chest Pain Patients Who Rule Out for Myocardial Infarction in the High-sensitivity Troponin Era
Authors: Mahmoud Osama , Beer Dominik , Mahmaljy Hadi , Youniss Mohamed , Campoverde Edwin Hernandez , Elias Hadi , Stanton Matthew , Patel Maulin , Hashmi Insia , Young Katelyn , Kuppuraju Rajesh , Jacobs Steven , Alsaid Amro 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
The best management approach for chest pain patients who rule out for myocardial infarction (MI) in the high-sensitivity troponin (hsTn) era remains elusive. Patients, especially those with nonlow clinical risk scores, are often referred for inpatient ischemic testing to uncover obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Whether the prevalence of obstructive CAD in this cohort is high enough to justify routine testing is not known.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 1517 emergency department chest pain patients who ruled out for MI by virtue of a stable high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) levels (defined as <5 ng/L intermeasurements increase) and were admitted for inpatient testing.

Results:
Abnormal ischemia evaluation (including 5.9% with evidence of fixed wall motion or perfusion defects) was 11.9%. Of those undergoing invasive angiography (n = 292), significant coronary stenoses (≥70% or unstable lesions) and multivessel CAD occurred in 16.8% and 5.5%, respectively. In a multivariate logistic regression model, known CAD, prior MI, chest pain character, mildly elevated hsTnT, and left ventricular ejection fraction <40% were predictive of an abnormal ischemia evaluation result, whereas electrocardiography findings and the modified History, EKG, Age, Risk factors, and troponin (HEART) score were not. Of note, 30-day adverse cardiac events were strikingly low at 0.4% with no deaths despite an overwhelming majority (>90%) of patients scoring intermediate or high on the modified HEART score.

Conclusions:
A considerable percentage of acute chest pain patients who rule out for MI by hsTn had evidence of obstructive CAD, and the modified HEART score was not predictive of an abnormal ischemia evaluation.
FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL EFFECTS OF NONDAMAGING RETINAL LASER THERAPY FOR MACULAR TELANGIECTASIA TYPE 2
Authors: Lavinsky Daniel , Silva Monica Oliveira da , Chaves Anne E. , Schneider Wagner F. M. , Lavinsky Fabio , Palanker Daniel 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
Macular telangiectasia (MacTel) Type 2 is a progressing neurovascular disease of the macula, currently lacking effective treatment. This study assessed the effect of nondamaging retinal laser therapy (NRT) compared with sham.

Methods:
Twelve MacTel patients were enrolled in this double-masked, controlled, randomized clinical trial. For the nine patients with both eyes eligible, one eye was randomized to NRT or sham and the other received alternate treatment. For three patients with only one eye eligible, that eye was randomly assigned either NRT or sham. Ellipsoid zone disruption, best-corrected visual acuity, and macular automated perimetry at 12 months served as structural and functional measures.

Results:
Eleven eyes were randomized to sham and 10 to NRT. Baseline best-corrected visual acuity was 66 letters (20/50) for sham and 72 letters (20/40) for NRT (P = 0.245). Ellipsoid zone disruption area was 298 µm2 in sham and 368 µm2 in NRT (P = 0.391). At 12 months, ellipsoid zone disruption increased by 24% in sham and decreased by 34% in NRT (P < 0.001). Best-corrected visual acuity measures remained stable during follow-up compared with baseline. At 1 year, the mean macular sensitivity was 28 dB in the NRT group, compared with 26 dB in sham.

Conclusion:
Nondamaging retinal laser therapy was safe and well tolerated in patients with MacTel and resulted in structural and functional improvements, which could represent a protective effect of laser-induced hyperthermia. Longer follow-up and larger number of patients should help corroborate these effects.
RANIBIZUMAB WITH OR WITHOUT VERTEPORFIN PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY FOR POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY
Authors: Cheung Chui Ming Gemmy , Tan Colin S. , Patalauskaite Ramune , Margaron Philippe , Lai Timothy Y. Y. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the demographic and imaging factors at baseline and Month 3 (M3) that predict visual or anatomical responses at Month 12 (M12) in the EVEREST-II study for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Methods:
Post-hoc analysis of 322 participants in the EVEREST-II study. Patient factors, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), treatment, and imaging parameters at baseline and M3 were evaluated with respect to outcomes at M12 using univariate and multivariable analysis.

Results:
Younger age (P < 0.001) and lower baseline BCVA (P < 0.001) were associated with higher BCVA gains at M12. Smaller baseline polypoidal lesion area was associated with higher BCVA gains at M12 only in the ranibizumab monotherapy arm (P = 0.008). Central subfield thickness at M3, area of branching vascular network at M3, BCVA at M3, and age were associated with change in BCVA from M3 at M12. Higher odds of fluid-free retina at M12 were associated with lower baseline central subfield thickness (P = 0.006), treatment with combination therapy (baseline and M3 models; P < 0.001), and absence of subretinal fluid at M3 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Several imaging parameters at baseline and M3 can predict treatment outcome. The interaction between treatment arm and total polypoidal lesion area suggests this feature may assist selecting between initial ranibizumab monotherapy or combination therapy.
Assessing Cancer Patient Experience of Care in Outpatient Oncology Practices in the United States
Authors: Roth Lindsey , Tirodkar Manasi , Friedberg Mark , Smith-McLallen Aaron , Scholle Sarah Hudson 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Cancer patients’ experience of care is an important component of quality that has not previously been used for comparing performance. We administered a new patient experience survey to cancer patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy treatment. We examined its measures for sensitivity to adjustment for case-mix and response tendency (level of general optimism/pessimism) and reliability for making performance comparisons between practices.

Methods:
We surveyed 2304 cancer patients who received chemotherapy at 23 medical oncology practices in Southeastern Pennsylvania, receiving 715 responses (response rate 31%; 14 practices had 10 or more responses). We aggregated patient responses to calculate practice-level scores on 5 predefined composites: Affective Communication, Shared Decision-Making, Patient Self-Management, Exchanging Information, and Access. We then ranked the practices on each composite before and after adjustment for standard case-mix variables and supplemental adjustment for response tendency (measured via the Life Orientation Test-Revised). We calculated the reliability of practice scores on each composite using hierarchical linear models and calculated minimum sample sizes necessary to achieve reliabilities exceeding 0.7.

Results:
After adjusting responses for case-mix and converting to a 0–100 scale, composite scores ranged from 77 for the Patient Self-Management composite to 92 for the Access composite. Adjustment for response tendency had an impact on practice rankings only for the Shared Decision-Making composite. The number of responses necessary to create reliable practice-level measurements ranged from 17 (Access composite) to 96 (Affective Communication composite).

Conclusions:
Patient experiences at oncology practices can be measured reliably using reasonable sample sizes. Standard case-mix adjustment is adequate for making comparisons on most composites.
Effects of the Recent Medicaid Expansions on Dental Preventive Services and Treatments
Authors: Lyu Wei , Shane Dan M. , Wehby George L. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Low-income adults in the United States have historically had poor access to dental services largely due to limited dental coverage.

Objective:
We examined the effects of recent Medicaid income-eligibility expansions under the Affordable Care Act on dental visits separately for preventive care and treatments.

Research Design:
We used restricted data from the 2011 to 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey with state geocodes. The main analytical sample included nearly 21,000 individuals who were newly eligible for Medicaid. We employed a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design to identify the impact of the state Medicaid expansions effective in 2014 on dental services use by the level of state Medicaid dental benefit for the newly eligible.

Results:
Expanding Medicaid in 2014 with extensive or limited dental coverage increased preventive dental visits and use of major dental treatments by over 5 percentage-points in 2014 and 2015. The increase in preventive visits continued in 2016 in expanding states with extensive coverage, while increase in major dental treatments continued in 2016 in expanding states with limited coverage. There is some but less consistent evidence of an increase in dental treatment with emergency-only coverage.

Conclusions:
Medicaid expansions with dental coverage beyond emergency-only services have increased access of the newly eligible low-income adults to dental treatments and preventive services, with extensive coverage showing continuing increase in preventive services use 3 years after the expansion. With limited coverage, there is some evidence of individuals needing to stretch treatments over a longer period. Providing comprehensive dental coverage can address unmet dental needs and improve oral health among low-income adults.
Diagnosis and management of pediatric metabolic bone diseases associated with skeletal fragility
Authors: Charoenngam Nipith , Cevik Muhammet B. , Holick Michael F. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
The goal of this review is to give an overview of diagnosis and up-to-date management of major pediatric metabolic bone diseases that are associated with bone fragility, including nutritional rickets, hypophosphatemic rickets, osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers--Danlos syndrome, Marfan's syndrome, hypophosphatasia, osteopetrosis and skeletal fluorosis.

Recent findings
During the past decade, a number of advanced treatment options have been introduced and shown to be an effective treatment in many metabolic bone disorders, such as burosumab for hypophosphatemic rickets and asfotase alfa for hypophosphatasia. On the other hand, other disorders, such as nutritional rickets and skeletal fluorosis continue to be underrecognized in many regions of the world. Genetic disorders of collagen-elastin, such as osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers--Danlos syndrome and Marfan's syndrome are also associated with skeletal fragility, which can be misdiagnosed as caused by non-accidental trauma/child abuse.

Summary
It is essential to provide early and accurate diagnosis and treatment for pediatric patients with metabolic bone disorders in order to maintain growth and development as well as prevent fractures and metabolic complications.
Pediatric mastocytosis
Authors: Hussain Sadaf H. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
The current article highlights recent developments in the field of pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis. Mastocytosis is a spectrum of conditions that range from fleetingly benign to aggressively malignant. Through recognizing the natural progression of disease, the role of biomarkers and mutational analysis, treatment and risk of triggers, physicians can confidently stage, counsel and manage patients with pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis.

Recent findings
Many lesions of cutaneous mastocytosis are chronic with some resolving around the mid-teenage years. KIT mutations are found in the majority of pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis but are not correlated with prognosis. Serum tryptase levels may be elevated in pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis patients without systemic mastocytosis. Pimecrolimus, omalizumab and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective treatment options. The low risk of NSAIDs and vaccinations has been characterized and epinephrine autoinjectors are rarely utilized in the pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis patient.

Summary
Pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis is a heterogeneous disease with good outcome overall. Organomegaly, elevated tryptase levels and the presence of KIT mutation in peripheral blood may aid in the decision to pursue bone marrow biopsy. The armamentarium of treatments has expanded and better understanding of the significance of triggers and vaccination safety allows the clinician to thoughtfully counsel and allay anxiety around pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis.
PIK3CA vascular overgrowth syndromes: an update
Authors: Hughes Meagan , Hao Michelle , Luu Minnelly 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
Over the past decade many previously poorly understood vascular malformation disorders have been linked to somatic activating mutations in PIK3CA, which regulates cell survival and growth via activation of the mTOR1-AKT pathway. The goal of this article is to describe and provide an update on the clinical features, complications, and management strategies for the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS).

Recent findings
PROS encompasses a heterogenous group of disorders with complications related to the tissues harboring the mutation. Vascular malformation syndromes, such as Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome and Congenital Lipomatous Overgrowth Vascular malformations Epidermal nevi and Skeletal abnormalities, have an increased risk of thromboembolic complications, which is accentuated postprocedurally. Asymmetric overgrowth, particularly of limbs, results in a high rate of orthopedic complications. Hypoglycemia screening in the neonatal period and ongoing monitoring for growth failure is recommended in megalencephaly capillary malformation due to its association with multiple endocrinopathies. Recently, sirolimus, an mTOR1 inhibitor, has shown promise in vascular anomalies and now PROS. PIK3CA direct inhibitor, Alpelisib (BYL719), was recently trialed with significant clinical benefit.

Summary
As the pathogenesis of these conditions is better elucidated and targeted treatments are developed, recognizing the clinical features, comorbidities, and evolving therapeutic landscape across the PROS spectrum becomes more crucial for optimization of care.
Hemangioma-related syndromes
Authors: Valdebran Manuel , Wine Lee Lara 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of reviewThere is a growing understanding of complications and anomalies associated with infantile hemangiomas. The current review will discuss recent clinical advances in syndromes associated with segmental hemangiomas, including PHACE and LUMBAR syndrome. In addition, the importance of recognizing visceral hemangiomatosis is highlighted.Recent findingsOngoing longitudinal studies of PHACE and LUMBAR syndromes associated with segmental infantile hemangiomas have led to improved diagnosis and recommendations for screening for associated anomalies. Characterization of a growing spectrum of associated anomalies as well as better classification of at-risk patients will improve diagnosis and outcomes. In addition, visceral hemangiomatosis recognition and understanding of the potential association with consumptive hypothyroidism will improve initiation of appropriate screening.SummaryClinicians should be aware of infantile hemangiomas associated with potential syndromic complications and recognize the need to initiate appropriate work-up. Segmental hemangiomas of the head and neck region may indicate a risk of PHACE syndrome and associated developmental anomalies. Although LUMBAR syndrome is the association of lower body segmental hemangioma with developmental anomalies. Visceral hemangiomas most commonly affect the liver and may be associated with complications such as consumptive hypothyroidism and heart failure.