bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promotion of a quality standard for Porana sinensis Hemsl. based on the efficacy‐oriented Effect‐Constituent Index
Authors: Chen Zhiyong , Wang Mengmeng , Yang Yuanyuan , Cui Xiaomin , Hu Jing , Li Ye , Zhao Feng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMulticompound determination for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may often be inadequate, since these compounds may not be associated with, or fully represent, the clinical effects of TCM. Moreover, the individual contributions of each constituent to the pharmacological effect are often not considered. In China, Porana sinensis is widely used as a substitute for Erycibe sources to treat joint pain and rheumatoid arthritis. The existing quality control methods for P. sinensis neither consider the individual contributions of various compounds nor control the actual quality associated with different clinical efficacies. In the present study, a novel efficacy‐oriented approach, named the effect‐constituent index (ECI), was established for P. sinensis. Analyses of the spectrum–effect relationship and components in rat plasma were conducted to systematically and scientifically select quality markers. Quantitative analysis of multicomponents via a single marker method was introduced to enhance the practical application value of the established ECI. The established ECI shows a good ability to distinguish and predict the bioeffect‐based quality of P. sinensis. The present study also provides a reference for the establishment and application of ECI as a quality control method for TCMs.
Inhibitory Effect of Supercritical Extracts from Arctium lappa L. on the Lectin Pathway of the Complement System
Authors: Bavia Lorena , Dias Fontana Pâmela , Bovo Fernanda , de Souza Ariádine Reder C. , Corazza Marcos Lúcio , Messias‐Reason Iara Jose 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe complement system participates in host defense by eliminating microorganisms and triggering inflammation. However, insufficient control or exacerbated complement activation contributes to inflammatory diseases. Since promising antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities have been identified in Arctium lappa L. extracts, this study aims to explore the effect of A. lappa extracts on the lectin pathway (LP) of complement activation. Four extracts were obtained by supercritical extraction using scCO2 with or without ethanol as co‐solvent, at different temperatures and pressures (E1: 2.2 mg/mL, E2: 2.6 mg/mL and E3: 2.0 mg/mL, E4: 1.5 mg/mL). To evaluate the effect of A. lappa extracts on the LP activation, an ELISA assay using mannose binding lectin pathway of complement was carried out with C4 detection. All extracts showed a concentration‐dependent inhibitory effect on the activation of complement by the LP. The following IC50 were observed for E1, E2, E3 and E4: 179.4 μg/mL, 74.69 μg/mL, 119.1 μg/mL and 72.19 μg/mL, respectively. Our results suggest that A. lappa extracts are potential candidates for the treatment of inflammatory disorders that are complement‐related.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production by Boron Modified TiO2/Carbon Nitride Heterojunctions
Authors: Christoforidis Konstantinos C. , Montini Tiziano , Fittipaldi Maria , Jaén Juan José Delgado , Fornasiero Paolo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBoron‐doped anatase TiO2 particles were effectively coupled with carbon nitride (CN) forming nanocomposites. The materials were fully characterized by DR‐UV‐Vis, N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms, XRD, Raman, FTIR, TGA, XPS, TEM, electron energy loss spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and electron paramagnetic spectroscopy (EPR) spectroscopy. The developed heterojunctions were applied as photocatalysts for hydrogen (H2) evolution by the photoreforming process of ethanol under solar irradiation, using minimal amount of Pt nanoparticles (0.1 wt. %) as co‐catalyst. The effects of boron addition and CN content were evaluated and optimized nanocomposite presented 85 % increase in H2 evolution compared with the pure anatase TiO2 catalyst. The observed higher H2 evolution rates were ascribed to improvements in charge formation and separation efficiency due to the B‐dopant and the presence of CN.
High‐Performance and Ultra‐Stable Aqueous Supercapacitors Based on a Green and Low‐Cost Water‐In‐Salt Electrolyte
Authors: Guo Junhong , Ma Yalan , Zhao Kun , Wang Yue , Yang Baoping , Cui Jinfeng , Yan Xingbin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe emergence of “water‐in‐salt” carbon‐based supercapacitors presents great potential for further improving the energy density, owing to the extended electrochemical stability window. However, not only low conductivity and high viscosity hinder the superior rate performance, but also the high cost of salts limits their commercialization. Here, we report a low‐cost concentrated sodium nitrate electrolyte for high‐performance and ultra‐stable supercapacitors, based on good electrochemical stability, high conductivity, and low viscosity. In the wide operation voltage range of 0–2.1 V, the constructed symmetric supercapacitor based on commercial active carbon exhibits a high specific capacitance of 32.68 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Moreover, superior rate capability (83 % capacitance retention from 1 to 20 A g−1) and excellent cycle stability (90 % capacitance retention after 9000 cycles) are also demonstrated. Consequently, this electrolyte system could be the most attractive candidate for promising carbon‐based supercapacitors to further improve the energy density.
CN‐Modified Imidazopyridine as a New Electron Accepting Unit of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters
Authors: Kothavale Shantaram , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters were developed by utilizing CN‐modified imidazopyridine as an acceptor unit. The CN‐modified imidazopyridine acceptor was combined with either an acridine donor or a phenoxazine donor through a phenyl linker to produce two TADF emitters, Ac‐CNImPy and PXZ‐CNImPy. The acridine‐based Ac‐CNImPy emitter exhibited sky‐blue emission with a CIE coordinate of (0.18, 0.38), whereas the phenoxazine‐donor‐based PXZ‐CNImPy showed greenish‐yellow emission with a CIE coordinate of (0.32, 0.58). A high photoluminescence quantum yield of 80 % was observed for the PXZ‐CNImPy emitter compared with 40 % for the Ac‐CNImPy emitter. Organic light‐emitting diodes based on the PXZ‐CNImPy emitter demonstrated high external quantum efficiency of 17.0 %. Hence, the CN‐modified imidazopyridine unit can be considered as a useful electron acceptor for the future design of highly efficient TADF emitters.
The Game of Electrons: Organocatalytic Higher‐Order Cycloadditions Involving Fulvene‐ and Tropone‐Derived Systems
Authors: Frankowski Sebastian , Romaniszyn Marta , Skrzyńska Anna , Albrecht Łukasz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe great progress that took place in the field of higher‐order cycloadditions involving fulvene‐ and tropone‐derived systems in the last few years is astonishing. By application of organocatalytic activation modes, new higher‐order reactivities have been identified and described in the literature. These approaches take advantage of the high reliability of organocatalysis, at the same time expanding its potential and paving new directions for its further evolution. In this Minireview, the progress in the field of organocatalytic higher‐order cycloadditions involving fulvene‐ and tropone‐derived systems is summarized and insights into mechanistic aspects of the developed reactivities are provided. Furthermore, the discussion on the nomenclatural issues related to cycloaddition reactions has been conducted and solutions to clarify the picture proposed.
Color‐emotion associations in interiors
Authors: Güneş Elif , Olguntürk Nilgün 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEmotional reactions to red, green, blue, and gray colors in a living room were investigated using a self‐report measure. Participants first watched a short video of a 3D model of a living room. Next, they were asked to match the living rooms with facial expressions of six basic emotions. The most stated emotions associated for the red room were disgust and happiness, while the least stated emotions were sadness, fear, anger, and surprise; for the green room, neutral and happiness were the most stated emotions, and anger, surprise, fear, and sadness were the least stated ones; for the blue room, neutral was the most stated emotion, while the least stated emotions were anger and surprise. Neutral, disgust, and sadness were the most stated emotions for the gray room. Gender differences were not found in human emotional reactions to living rooms with different wall colors.
Dual Stimuli‐Responsive Controlled Release Nanocarrier for Multidrug Resistance Cancer Therapy
Authors: Jiao Xiangyu , Wang Zemin , Wang Fang , Wen Yongqiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultidrug resistance of cancer cells is a major obstacle for cancer chemotherapy. Herein, we present a nanocarrier that can release chemotherapeutic agents to induce tumor cell death and generate NO under NIR to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Owing to the unique structure of the water channel in this controlled release system for chemotherapeutic agents, the nanocarrier surface is equipped with more active sites to graft NO donor molecules. The released NO performs very well in reversing multidrug resistance by inhibiting P‐gp expression. Our findings provide new insight into multidrug resistance cancer therapy and controlled release nanocarriers for multiple drugs.
Copper(II) Coordination Abilities of the Tau Protein's N‐Terminus Peptide Fragments: A Combined Potentiometric, Spectroscopic and Mass Spectrometric Study
Authors: Lukács Márton , Szunyog Györgyi , Grenács Ágnes , Lihi Norbert , Kállay Csilla , Di Natale Giuseppe , Campagna Tiziana , Lanza Valeria , Tabbi Giovanni , Pappalardo Giuseppe , Sóvágó Imre , Várnagy Katalin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCopper(II) complexes of the N‐terminal peptide fragments of tau protein have been studied by potentiometric and various spectroscopic techniques (UV‐vis, CD, ESR and ESI‐MS). The octapeptide Tau(9‐16) (Ac−EVMEDHAG−NH2) contains the H14 residue of the native protein, while Tau(26‐33) (Ac−QGGYTMHQ−NH2) and its mutants Tau(Q26K‐Q33K) (Ac−KGGYTMHK−NH2) and Tau(Q26K‐Y29A‐Q33K) (Ac−KGGATMHK−NH2) include the H32 residue. To compare the binding ability of H14 and H32 in a single molecule the decapeptide Ac−EDHAGTMHQD−NH2 (Tau(12‐16)(30‐34)) has also been synthesized and studied. The histidyl residue is the primary metal binding site for metal ions in all the peptide models studied. In the case of Tau(9‐16) the side chain carboxylate functions enhance the stability of the M−Nim coordinated complexes compared to Tau(26‐33) (logK(Cu−Nim)=5.04 and 3.78, respectively). Deprotonation and metal ion coordination of amide groups occur around the physiological pH range for copper(II). The formation of the imidazole‐ and amide‐coordinated species changes the metal ion preference and the complexes formed with the peptides containing the H32 residue predominate over those of H14 at physiological pH values (90 %–10 %) and in alkaline samples (96 %–4 %).
Two‐Dimensional Materials for High‐Energy Solid‐State Asymmetric Pseudocapacitors with High Mass Loadings
Authors: Chodankar Nilesh R. , Patil Swati J. , Rama Raju Ganji Seeta , Lee Dong Weon , Dubal Deepak P. , Huh Yun Suk , Han Young‐Kyu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA porous nanostructure and high mass loading are crucial for a pseudocapacitor to achieve a good electrochemical performance. Although pseudocapacitive materials, such as MnO2 and MoS2, with record capacitances close to their theoretical values have been realized, the achieved capacitances are possible only when the electrode mass loading is less than 1 mg cm−2. Increasing the mass loading affects the capacitance as electron conduction and ion diffusion become sluggish. Achieving fast ion and electron transport at high mass loadings through all active sites remains a challenge for high‐mass‐loading electrodes. In this study, 2D MnO2 nanosheets supported on carbon fibers (MnO2@CF) as well as MoS2@CF with high mass loadings (6.6 and 7.2 mg cm−2, respectively) were used in a high‐energy pseudocapacitor. These hierarchical 2D nanosheets yielded outstanding areal capacitances of 1187 and 495 mF cm−2 at high current densities with excellent cycling stabilities. A pliable pseudocapacitive solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor was designed using MnO2@CF and MoS2@CF as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, with a high mass loading of 14.2 mg cm−2. The assembled solid‐state asymmetric cell had an energy density of 2.305 mWh cm−3 at a power density of 50 mW cm−3 and a capacitance retention of 92.25 % over 11 000 cycles and a very small diffusion resistance (1.72 Ω s−1/2). Thus, it is superior to most state‐of‐the‐art reported pseudocapacitors. The rationally designed nanostructured electrodes with high mass loading are likely to open up new opportunities for the development of a supercapacitor device capable of supplying higher energy and power.
Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis infection: A population‐based, observational study from eastern China
Authors: Liu Qiao , Lu Peng , Martinez Leonardo , Peng Hong , Zhu Tao , Zhu Limei , Wang Jianming , Lu Wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundChina has the largest dual diabetes and tuberculosis epidemic globally. No studies from mainland China have assessed the relationship between tuberculosis infection and diabetes. We conducted a population‐based, observational study in eastern China to further explore this relationship.MethodsA blood glucose, Quantiferon, and tuberculin skin test were administered at baseline. We compared tuberculosis infection in nondiabetics and diabetics. The cohort was additionally screened for tuberculosis progression over 5 years.ResultsAmong 5405 participants, diabetics had elevated levels of Quantiferon and tuberculin positivity, largely driven by undiagnosed diabetics (compared with nondiabetics, adjusted odds ratios of 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05‐2.23 and 1.58; 95% CI, 1.07‐2.35 for tuberculin and Quantiferon positivity). During follow‐up, the annual tuberculosis incidence was three times higher for diabetics compared with the entire cohort.ConclusionsThese results suggest improving diabetic control through rapidly identifying undiagnosed diabetes may have indirect benefits to tuberculosis control. Targeting of preventive therapy to newly diagnosed diabetics at high‐risk for progressive tuberculosis in China should be considered.
A pilot study of preproinsulin peptides reactivity in Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Xian Yingxin , Xu Haixia , Gao Yifang , Yan Jinhua , Lv Jing , Ren Wenqian , Huang Qianwen , Jiang Ziyu , Xu Fen , Yao Bin , Weng Jianping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of our study is to investigate whether preproinsulin (PPI) could trigger a proinflammatory CD4+ T cell response in Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated by a pool of 13 PPI peptides. Additional five PPI peptides previously proved to be antigenic in other cohorts of patients with T1D were also used. PPI reactive T cell responses were measured by interferon (IFN)‐γ ELISPOT assay.ResultsFifty‐one Chinese patients with T1D were enrolled in this study and 72.34% of them were positive for at least one islet autoantibody. The stimulation index (SI) value of IFN‐γ response to PPI peptide pool or peptides with dominant epitopes was below 3 in patients when SI≥3 was used as the positive cut‐off value. Two peptides (B9‐23 and C19‐A3) restricted to DQ8 or DR4 molecule failed to induce positive IFN‐γ response in patients with high‐risk HLA‐DQ8 or HLA‐DR4/DR9 alleles. RNA‐seq analysis of PPI specific CD4+ T cell lines further showed that most of the IFN‐γ associated genes remained unchanged.ConclusionsThis is the first report of CD4+ T cell epitope mapping of PPI in Chinese T1D. The lack of positive IFN‐γ response to PPI peptides indicates that PPI might not be the principal antigenic candidate for autoreactive CD4+ T cells in Chinese T1D. Therefore, the efficacy of PPI‐based immunotherapies in attenuating proinflammatory CD4+ T cell response requires further investigation.
Hypocretin/orexin modulates body weight and the metabolism of glucose and insulin
Authors: Adeghate Ernest , Lotfy Mohamed , D'Souza Crystal , Alseiari Saleh Meqbel , Alsaadi Abdulla Ali , Qahtan Saif Abdo 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/orexin) unit affects the functions of the nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems. Hcrt/orexin ligands and receptors have been localized to different parts of the central and peripheral nervous systems, cerebrospinal fluid and blood, exocrine (pancreas, salivary, lacrimal) as well as endocrine (pancreatic islets, pituitary, adrenal) glands. Several factors including stress, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 agonists, glutamate, nicotine, glucose, and hypoglycaemia stimulate the expression of Hcrt/orexin system, but it is inhibited by ageing, bone morphogenetic protein, hypoxia/hypercapnia, melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2, and glucagon. Literature reports show that Hcrt/orexin can significantly increase insulin secretion from normal and diabetic rat pancreata. Hcrt/orexin decreases blood glucose concentration and reduces insulin resistance partly via increased tissue expression of glucose transporter type 4. It reduces obesity by increasing browning of fat cells and energy expenditure. Taken together, Hcrt/orexin modulates obesity and the metabolism of glucose and insulin. The Hcrt/orexin system may thus be a target in the development of new therapies for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
A possible new oxidation marker for hair adulteration: Detection of PTeCA (1H‐pyrrole‐2,3,4,5‐tetracarboxylic acid) in bleached hair
Authors: Eisenbeiss Lisa , Binz Tina M. , Baumgartner Markus R. , Steuer Andrea E. , Kraemer Thomas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHair analysis has become a valuable tool in forensic toxicology to assess drug or alcohol abstinence. Yet, hair adulteration by cosmetic products presents a major challenge for forensic hair analysis. Oxidative treatments, e.g. bleaching, may lead to analyte loss and thereby to false negative results. Currently, the eumelanin degradation product 1H‐pyrrole‐2,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid (PTCA) serves as a marker for oxidative hair treatment, but requires the definition of cut‐off values. To investigate further eumelanin degradation products as markers for oxidative hair treatment, hair samples with and without in vitro bleaching (hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations 1.9% up to 12%; incubation times 15 min, 30 min, 60 min) were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC‐HRMS). The distribution of eumelanin degradation products along the hair shaft was investigated for routine applicability after segmentation of cosmetically untreated hair samples and authentically treated hair samples. The signals of the eumelanin degradation products PTCA, 1H‐pyrrole‐2,3,4‐tricarboxylic acid (isoPTCA), and 1H‐pyrrole‐2,3,4,5‐tetracarboxylic acid (PTeCA) were found to be significantly elevated after in vitro bleaching already with low H2O2 concentrations and after short incubation times. In contrast to PTCA and isoPTCA, PTeCA was not detectable in cosmetically untreated segments up to 12 cm from hair root and was only formed through the oxidation process. The results of the study show that the detection of PTeCA within the proximal 3 to 6 cm segment can be applied to reliably detect hair adulteration attempts through hair bleaching.
Development and validation of a method to confirm the exogenous origin of prednisone and prednisolone by GC‐C‐IRMS
Authors: Iannella Loredana , Botrè Francesco , Colamonici Cristiana , Curcio Davide , de la Torre Xavier 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrednisone and prednisolone are two anti‐inflammatory steroidal drugs listed by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) within the class of glucocorticoids, which are prohibited “in competition” and when administered systemically. Their presence in collected urine samples may be attributed, if no exogenous administration has occurred, to an in situ microbial formation from endogenous steroids. In this work, a gas chromatography coupled to carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC‐C‐IRMS) method was developed and validated to distinguish an exogenous origin from an endogenous one. Eight prednisone/prednisolone pharmaceutical preparations commercially available in Italy were analysed to establish an exogenous δ13C value reference range (−28.96 ± 0.39‰). No more than 25 mL of urine was processed and no derivatization nor intentional steroids structure modifications were performed before the GC‐C‐IRMS analysis. A first HPLC purification step was set up to isolate the three endogenous reference compounds (ERCs) selected (tetrahydro‐11‐deoxycortisol (THS), pregnanediol (PD), and pregnanetriol (PT)), while a second LC purification was necessary to separate prednisone from prednisolone. In the GC‐C‐IRMS analysis, two different GC run methods were set up to guarantee better sensitivity and selectivity for each compound. Both prednisone and prednisolone showed signals (m/z 44) with amplitudes within the method linearity range to a lower urinary concentration of 20 ng/mL (< WADA reporting level, 30 ng/mL). The method was fully validated according to WADA requirements. As a proof of concept, urine samples collected from two excretion studies in healthy male volunteers, after a prednisone or prednisolone administration, were analysed by the proposed method, demonstrating its applicability for the analysis of real samples.
Analysis of luteinizing hormone (LH): Validation of a commercial ELISA kit for LH analysis and quantification in doping control samples
Authors: Mäkelä Riika , Leinonen Antti , Suominen Tina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLuteinizing hormone (LH) is a dimeric glycoprotein produced and secreted by the pituitary gland, with a molecular weight of approximately 30 000 Da. The main clinical use for exogenous LH‐administration is typically linked to the treatment of infertility, in both men and women. The desired effect of LH misuse in sport is due to the enhancement of testicular production of testosterone. Elevated LH levels may also indicate the usage of gonadotropin‐releasing factors or estrogen blockers. Therefore, LH is listed by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) as a prohibited substance in male athletes, and according to the WADA technical document, laboratories should determine the the total LH concentrations in urine. The TD lists two different assays that are suitable for measuring total LH in urine, Delfia and Siemens Immulite. Other fit‐for‐purpose assays can be used, as long as they are capable of detecting total LH in urine. In case an assay not listed in the TD will be used, population‐based reference values have to be determined in the validation procedure.In this study a new immunoassay was validated for the measurement of LH in urine. The assay (AccuBind ELISA Microwells, Luteinizing Hormone, Monobind Inc.), originally intended for serum, showed adequate sensitivity and was proven fit‐for‐purpose in routine doping control. Population‐based distribution of the assay was in good agreement with the results of Delfia and Immulite assays, for which the method‐specific cut‐off‐values are 40 IU/L (Delfia) and 60 IU/L (Siemens Immulite).