bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A maternal “mixed, high sugar” dietary pattern is associated with fetal growth
Authors: Wrottesley Stephanie V. , Prioreschi Alessandra , Kehoe Sarah H. , Ward Kate A. , Norris Shane A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study examined associations between a maternal “mixed, high sugar” dietary pattern during pregnancy and ultrasound‐determined fetal growth in 495 urban African women and explored whether these associations were independent of maternal baseline body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG). Linear mixed effects modelling (LMM) was used to test the associations between maternal mixed, high sugar dietary pattern score, baseline BMI (kg/m2), and GWG (kg/week) and the following fetal growth outcomes: (a) biparietal diameter (cm), (b) head circumference (cm), (c) abdominal circumference (cm), and (d) femur length (cm). In the pooled LMM, a +1 standard deviation (SD) increase in the mixed, high sugar dietary pattern score was associated with higher biparietal diameter (0.03 cm/+1 SD; p = .007), head circumference (0.07 cm/+1 SD; p = .026), abdominal circumference (0.08 cm/+1 SD; p = .038), and femur length (0.02 cm/+1 SD; p = .015). Although these associations were independent of maternal BMI and GWG, higher baseline BMI was independently and positively associated with abdominal circumference (0.03 cm/+1 kg/m2; p = .011) and femur length (0.01 cm/+1 kg/m2; p = .007) and 1 kg/week greater GWG was associated with a 0.82 cm increase in abdominal circumference (p = .007). In urban African settings, where preconception maternal obesity prevalence is high and processed, high sugar diets are common, improving maternal dietary intake and BMI prior to conception should be prioritised for optimising pregnancy and birth outcomes as well as longer‐term offspring health. In addition, dietary management strategies during pregnancy may be beneficial in facilitating healthy fetal growth.
Are long‐run output growth rates falling?
Authors: Li Mengheng , Mendieta‐Muñoz Ivan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the evolution of long‐run output and technical progress growth rates in the G‐7 countries during the post‐war period by considering the concept of the natural rate of growth. We use time‐varying parameter models that incorporate both stochastic volatility and a Heckman‐type two‐step estimation procedure that deals with the possible endogeneity problem in the econometric models. Our results show a significant decline in long‐run growth rates that is not associated with the detrimental effects of the Great Recession, and that the rate of growth of technical progress appears to be behind the slowdown in long‐run GDP growth.
Accountability and hybridity in welfare governance
Authors: Benish Avishai , Mattei Paola 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHybridity has become a central characteristic of accountability in public governance. Contemporary service delivery is increasingly defined by the mixing and layering of public, market and social accountability regimes operating as overlapping ‘hybrid’ accountability arrangements. Although hybrid accountability is not a new phenomenon, recent trends have accelerated the process of hybridization, particularly in welfare state governance. In this symposium, we seek to advance our understanding of the under‐theorized concept of hybrid accountability and empirically examine what is actually going on. In this introductory article, we put forward a definition of what hybridity means in public welfare governance and explore its origins and dynamics. We then present the articles of this symposium, showing how they go beyond fixed and static typologies to grasp the dynamics of interactions between actors, values and mechanisms under hybrid accountability. We conclude by reflecting on a future research agenda for studying hybrid accountability arrangements.
Relationship of transcutaneous oxygen tension with age and skin elasticity in Korean women
Authors: Yoo Suji , Kim Mi‐Rim , Kim Tae‐Yoon , Hwang Seung Jin , LIM Jun‐Man , Park Sun Gyoo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundOxygen has several positive effects on the skin, including improving collagen synthesis and accelerating wound healing. However, only a few studies have investigated the relationship between skin oxygenation and skin aging parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the correlation between skin oxygenation and skin aging parameters—elasticity, hydration, sebum, color (lightness, redness), and blood perfusion—in Korean women.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated the transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen, also known as transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2), and skin aging parameters, including elasticity, hydration, sebum, color (lightness or redness), and blood perfusion, in the cheek of 34 healthy women (aged 20‐69 years) and assessed the correlation between TcPO2 and other skin aging parameters using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software (SPSS Inc).ResultsFacial TcPO2 was negatively correlated with age (P < .05). There were positive correlations between facial TcPO2 and elasticity parameters (P < .01). We noted no correlation between facial TcPO2 and skin lightness; however, skin lightness tended to slightly improve with increasing TcPO2. Skin aging parameters, including hydration, sebum, skin redness, and blood perfusion, showed no correlations with TcPO2.ConclusionIn Korean women, facial TcPO2 tends to decrease with increasing age and is positively correlated with gross, net, and biological skin elasticity. Therefore, this study demonstrated that oxygen tension of facial skin can be a major causative factor of skin aging.
Periorbital skin cancers subjected to mTHPC‐photodynamic therapy: A prospective study
Authors: Hamdoon Zaid , Jerjes Waseem , Hopper Colin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively new method of treating skin cancers. This prospective study highlights the use of PDT in the management of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and T1N0 cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) involving the periorbital area.Materials and methodsSurface illumination PDT was offered under local anaesthesia. mTHPC was administered intravenously. A single‐channel 652 nm diode laser was used for illumination, and light was delivered at 20 J/cm2 per site. Lesion response evaluation was carried out according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST).ResultsAfter the first round of treatment, all cutaneous T1N0 SCC patients had complete response (CR) and continued to be in remission until last clinic review. For BCC patients, 12/14 patients had CR. The two remaining patients underwent a second round of treatment and also achieved a CR. All BCC patients were in remission at the last clinic review. Using visual analogue scale (VAS), 15 patients reported that this treatment gave them “excellent” cosmetic outcome (VAS 9‐10).ConclusionPhotodynamic therapy achieved high efficacy in the treatment of periorbital BCCs and cutaneous SCCs with greatly reduced morbidity and disfigurement.
Comprehensive analysis of Q gene near‐isogenic lines reveals key molecular pathways for wheat domestication and improvement
Authors: Zhang Zengcui , Li Aili , Song Gaoyuan , Geng Shuaifeng , Gill Bikram S. , Faris Justin D. , Mao Long 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe wheat AP2‐like transcription factor gene Q has played a major role in domestication by conferring the free‐threshing character and pleiotropically affecting numerous other traits. However, little information is known regarding the molecular mechanisms associated with the regulation of these traits by Q, especially for the structural determination of threshability. Here, transcriptome analysis of immature spike tissues in three lines nearly isogenic for Q revealed over 3000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in a number of pathways. Using phenotypic, microscopic, transcriptomic, and tissue‐specific gene expression analyses, we demonstrated that Q governs threshability through extensive modification of wheat glumes including their structure, cell wall thickness, and chemical composition. Critical DEGs and pathways involved in secondary cell wall synthesis and regulation of the chemical composition of glumes were identified. We also showed that the mutation giving rise to the Q allele synchronized the expression of genes for micro‐sporogenesis that affected pollen fertility, and may determine the final grain number for wheat spikes. Transcriptome dissection of genes and genetic pathways regulated by Q should further our understanding of wheat domestication and improvement.
The role of the multi‐drug resistance 1, p53, b cell lymphoma 2, and bcl 2‐associated X genes in the biologic behavior and chemotherapeutic resistance of canine transmissible venereal tumors
Authors: Alzate Juliana M. , Montoya‐Florez Luis M. , Pérez Jorge E. , Rocha Noeme S. , Pedraza‐Ordonez Francisco J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundCanine transmissible venereal tumors (CTVTs) generally have different cytomorphologic subtypes and phases of progression. Some tumors have variable biologic behavior including a progressive increase in tumor aggressiveness and variable responses to chemotherapy. This behavior is partially due to high p‐glycoprotein expression by tumor cells, which leads to the expulsion of chemotherapeutic drugs. Other possible causes include changes in pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic genes from the BCL‐2 family and DNA repair systems, which are associated with the p53 gene family.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the relative expression of the multi‐drug resistance 1 (MDR1), p53, b‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), and bcl 2‐associated X (BAX) genes in CTVT before and after therapy and establish a relationship with treatment responses, cytomorphologic patterns, and tumor progression identified with histopathology.MethodsRT‐qPCR was performed on 21 CTVT tumor samples before and after initiating chemotherapy to determine specific gene expression. Normal canine testicular tissue was used as a negative control for all experiments.ResultsMDR1 expression was decreased before and after initiating vincristine therapy in CTVT tumor tissues compared with normal canine testicular tissue; p53 and BAX were overexpressed at both time points compared with normal tissue, and no statistical differences were seen between the different morphologic types. However, BAX expression was decreased in the group with quick therapeutic responses but was still overexpressed compared with normal testicular tissue. In the group with the slowest chemotherapeutic responses, BCL2 was overexpressed.ConclusionThe findings of this study showed a relative increase in MDR1 gene expression in response to chemotherapy and higher expression in plasmacytoid CTVTs compared with the other cytomorphologic patterns. BCL2 overexpression was related to a favorable prognosis, and p53, BAX, and BCL2 were expressed independent of the cytomorphologic CTVT type. All of the genes were expressed independent of tumor progression, as noted on histopathology.
HIV residual risk in Canada under a three‐month deferral for men who have sex with men
Authors: O'Brien Sheila F. , Grégoire Yves , Pillonel Josiane , Steele Whitney R. , Custer Brian , Davison Katy L. , Germain Marc , Lewin Antoine , Seed Clive R. ,   On behalf of the Surveillance, Risk Assessment and Policy Sub‐group of the ISBT Transfusion Transmitted Diseases Working Party
Published: November 2019

Background and objectivesIn Canada, the deferral for men who have sex with men (MSM) was decreased from a permanent deferral to a 5‐year then a 12‐month deferral. Current HIV testing can detect an HIV infection in donated blood within 2 weeks of exposure; thus, a 12‐month deferral may be unnecessarily restrictive. We aimed to estimate the residual risk of HIV if the deferral were further decreased to 3 months.Materials and methodsUsing a deterministic model with stochastic Monte Carlo simulation, residual risk of HIV was the sum of testing error, assay sensitivity and window‐period risks. Data inputs were estimated from donor surveillance, donor surveys and published data. Residual risk was modelled at baseline and using three scenarios: (1) most likely – non‐compliance, HIV prevalence and incidence rates of MSM are unchanged; (2) optimistic – non‐compliance improves by 50%; and (3) pessimistic ‐ non‐compliance, HIV prevalence and incidence rates of MSM all double.ResultsHIV residual risk at baseline was 1 in 36·0 million donations (95% CI 1 in 1 504 907 million, 10·5 million); in the most likely scenario 1 in 34·2 million (1 in 225 534 million, 8·7 million); in the optimistic scenario 1 in 36·0 million (1 in 282 618 million, 9·5 million); in the pessimistic scenario 1 in 16·7 million (1 in 39 469 million, 6·0 million). All confidence intervals overlapped.ConclusionWith very low modelled risk under a 12‐month deferral, the additional risk with a 3‐month deferral is very low. This is true even with a pessimistic scenario.
Associations between community well-being and hospitalisation rates: results from a cross-sectional study within six US states
Authors: Roy Brita , Riley Carley , Herrin Jeph , Spatz Erica , Hamar Brent , Kell Kenneth P , Rula Elizabeth Y , Krumholz Harlan 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between community well-being, a positively framed, multidimensional assessment of the health and quality of life of a geographic community, and hospitalisation rates.DesignCross-sectional studySettingZip codes within six US states (Florida, Iowa, Nebraska, New York, Pennsylvania and Utah)Main outcome measuresOur primary outcome was age-adjusted, all-cause hospitalisation rates in 2010; secondary outcomes included potentially preventable disease-specific hospitalisation rates, including cardiovascular-related, respiratory-related and cancer-related admissions. Our main independent variable was the Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index (WBI) and its domains (life evaluation, emotional health, work environment, physical health, healthy behaviours and basic access).ResultsZip codes with the highest quintile of well-being had 223 fewer hospitalisations per 100 000 (100k) residents than zip codes with the lowest well-being. In our final model, adjusted for WBI respondent age, sex, race/ethnicity and income, and zip code number of hospital beds, primary care physician density, hospital density and admission rates for two low-variation conditions, a 1 SD increase in WBI was associated with 5 fewer admissions/100k (95% CI 4.0 to 5.8; p<0.001). Results were similar for cardiovascular-related and respiratory-related admissions, but no association remained for cancer-related hospitalisation after adjustment. Patterns were similar for each of the WBI domains and all-cause hospitalisations.Conclusion and relevanceCommunity well-being is inversely associated with local hospitalisation rates. In addition to health and quality-of-life benefits, higher community well-being may also result in fewer unnecessary hospitalisations.
Use of preoperative haemostasis and ABO blood typing tests in children: a retrospective observational study using a nationwide claims database in Japan
Authors: Yonekura Hiroshi , Ide Kazuki , Kanazawa Yuji , Takeda Chikashi , Nakamori Yuki , Matsunari Yasunori , Sakai Michihiro , Kawakami Koji , Kamei Masataka 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence and factors associated with preoperative haemostasis and ABO blood typing tests for children because these tests might represent low-value care.DesignA retrospective observational study.SettingNationwide insurance claims database in Japan.ParticipantsPatients aged 1–17 years who underwent common non-cardiac surgeries between April 2012 and March 2018 were included. Patients with high-risk comorbidities for bleeding (n=175) and those with multiple eligible surgeries were excluded (n=2121).Main outcome measuresWe described the proportions of each preoperative test performed within 60 days before an index surgery, including platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and ABO blood typing tests. We also explored the associations between patient-level and institutional-level factors and any preoperative tests, using multilevel logistic regression analysis.ResultsWe included 13 018 patients (median (IQR) age, 5.2 (2.9–7.7) years; 8276 (63.6%) boys) from 1499 institutions. The overall proportion of each test was as follows: platelet count, 78.6%; PT, 54.4%; aPTT, 56.4% and ABO blood typing tests, 50.4%. The proportion of patients undergoing any preoperative tests in the overall sample was 79.3%. Multilevel logistic regression analysis indicated that preoperative tests were associated with type of anaesthesia (general anaesthesia: adjusted OR 7.06; 95% CI 4.94 to 10.11), type of surgery (tonsillectomy: adjusted OR 3.45; 95% CI 2.75 to 4.33) and surgical setting (inpatient procedure: adjusted OR 5.41; 95% CI 3.83 to 7.66). There was one postoperative transfusion event (0.008%) in the entire cohort and 37 postoperative reoperation events for surgical bleeding after tonsillectomy (0.90%).ConclusionsIn the largest Japanese cohort reported to date, preoperative haemostasis and ABO blood typing tests were performed in a majority of children prior to common paediatric surgeries. Preoperative tests were associated with anaesthesia, surgical type and surgical setting.
Transradial approach for acute stroke intervention: technical procedure and clinical outcomes
Authors: Khanna Omaditya , Mouchtouris Nikolaos , Sweid Ahmad , Chalouhi Nohra , Ghosh Ritam , Al Saiegh Fadi , Gooch Michael R , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Rosenwasser Robert H , Romo Victor , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: November 2019

Background and purposeRadial artery catheterisation is an alternate route of access that has recently started to gain more widespread use for neuroendovascular procedures, including acute stroke intervention. In this small case series, we present our institution’s outcomes in patients undergoing acute stroke interventions via transradial access.Materials and methodsWe present a retrospective study of 15 patients who underwent acute stroke intervention via radial artery access. We analyse these patients’ periprocedural and clinical outcomes after undergoing mechanical thrombectomy.ResultsA total of 15 consecutive patients were included in the study (9 males and 6 females), and all patients were able to successfully undergo mechanical thrombectomy via radial artery access. The mean time of arterial puncture to reperfusion was 50±28 min (range: 15–104). A TICI 2b/3 revascularisation was achieved in 13/15 patients (87%); a TICI 1 and TICI 2a outcome was achieved on the other two patients. One patient incurred an iatrogenic vessel dissection during the procedure. Eight of out 15 patients (53%) had favourable mRS (0–3) at the time of discharge from the hospital.ConclusionRadial artery catheterisation is technically feasible for performing acute stroke interventions with favourable time to revascularisation and good overall clinical outcomes.
A novel gravity-induced blood flow restriction model augments ACC phosphorylation and PGC-1α mRNA in human skeletal muscle following aerobic exercise: a randomized crossover study
Authors: Preobrazenski Nicholas , Islam Hashim , Drouin Patrick J. , Bonafiglia Jacob T. , Tschakovsky Michael E. , Gurd Brendon J. 
Published: November 2019

This study tested the hypothesis that a novel, gravity-induced blood flow restricted (BFR) aerobic exercise (AE) model will result in greater activation of the AMPK–PGC-1α pathway compared with work rate-matched non-BFR. Thirteen healthy males (age: 22.4 ± 3.0 years; peak oxygen uptake: 42.4 ± 7.3 mL/(kg·min)) completed two 30-min work rate-matched bouts of cycling performed with their legs below (CTL) and above their heart (BFR) at ∼2 weeks apart. Muscle biopsies were taken before, immediately, and 3 h after exercise. Blood was drawn before and immediately after exercise. Our novel gravity-induced BFR model led to less muscle oxygenation during BFR compared with CTL (O2Hb: p = 0.01; HHb: p < 0.01) and no difference in muscle activation (p = 0.53). Plasma epinephrine increased following both BFR and CTL (p < 0.01); however, only norepinephrine increased more following BFR (p < 0.01). PGC-1α messenger RNA (mRNA) increased more following BFR (∼6-fold) compared with CTL (∼4-fold; p = 0.036). VEGFA mRNA increased (p < 0.01) similarly following BFR and CTL (p = 0.21), and HIF-1α mRNA did not increase following either condition (p = 0.21). Phosphorylated acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) increased more following BFR (p < 0.035) whereas p-PKA substrates, p-p38 MAPK, and acetyl-p53 increased (p < 0.05) similarly following both conditions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, gravity-induced BFR is a viable BFR model that demonstrated an important role of AMPK signalling on augmenting PGC-1α mRNA. Novelty Gravity-induced BFR AE reduced muscle oxygenation without impacting muscle activation, advancing gravity-induced BFR as a simple, inexpensive BFR model. Gravity-induced BFR increased PGC-1α mRNA and ACC phosphorylation more than work rate-matched non-BFR AE. This is the first BFR AE study to concurrently measure blood catecholamines, muscle activation, and muscle oxygenation.
Parathyroidectomy Influences Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Asymptomatic Hemodialysis Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Ma Qiang , Su Dechun , Liu Fen , Xing Haidong , Han Xue , Ma Daqing 
Published: November 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Successful parathyroidectomy (PTX) with stable postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels is associated with the stabilization of coronary artery calcification score (CACS) in patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) undergoing hemodialysis. To use computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the influence of PTX on CACS in asymptomatic patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study was performed with institutional review board approval. Written consent was obtained from each patient. Forty-eight patients (mean age ± SD 54.50 ± 13.14 years; range 33–77 years) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis who underwent PTX and 56 patients (mean age 55.28 ± 12.32 years; range 35–76 years) who did not undergo PTX received prospective follow-up for 2 years. CACS was quantitatively performed using the Agatston method after CT scan. The differences between baseline and end-of-study PTX parameters were analyzed with the paired Student <i>t</i> test. <b><i>Results:</i></b> For patients who underwent PTX, mean square root of CACS did not increase from 23.16 ± 18.58 to 23.68 ± 18.16 (<i>t</i> = 1.846, <i>p</i> = 0.072) from baseline to follow-up. In patients who did not undergo PTX, mean square root of CACS increased from 20.21 ± 16.47 to 28.72 ± 20.95 (<i>t</i> = 10.110, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) from baseline to follow-up. In addition, the median annual progression rate of CACS was lower among PTX patients (4.89%), compared with the marked annual progression rate of CACS in non-PTX patients (52.81%; <i>t</i> = 11.264, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Dysregulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism caused by SHPT may result in significant CAC progression in asymptomatic hemodialysis patients. Low PTH state after PTX may stabilize CAC progression in hemodialysis patients.
New records of coral diseases in the Persian Gulf
Authors: Tavakoli-Kolour Parviz , Hazraty-Kari Sanaz 
Published: November 2019

We report first observations of three coral diseases including black band disease on Acropora, a syndrome resembling yellow band disease and red band disease on Porites colonies from depth 5â€“6 m at Abu-Musa Island after widespread coral bleaching in the northern part of the Persian Gulf in October 2012.