bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rituximab versus natalizumab, fingolimod, and dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis treatment
Authors: Vollmer Brandi L. , Nair Kavita , Sillau Stefan , Corboy John R. , Vollmer Timothy , Alvarez Enrique 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionLimited comparative effectiveness data for rituximab (RTX) versus natalizumab (NTZ), fingolimod (FTY), and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) exist.MethodsClinician‐reported data on patients prescribed RTX, NTZ, FTY, or DMF for the treatment of MS at the Rocky Mountain MS Center at the University of Colorado were retrospectively collected. Outcomes included a composite effectiveness measure consisting of clinical relapse, contrast‐enhancing lesions, and/or new T2 lesions, individual effectiveness outcomes, and discontinuation. Logistic regression was used on patients matched by propensity scores and using average treatment effect on treated doubly robust weighting estimator.ResultsA total of 182, 451, 271, and 342 patients initiated RTX, NTZ, FTY, and DMF and were followed for 2 years. Before and after adjustment, the odds of experiencing disease activity was significantly higher for FTY [adjusted OR (aOR) = 3.17 (95% CI: 1.81–5.55), P < 0.001].and DMF [aOR = 2.68 (95% CI:1.67–4.29), P < 0.001], and similar for NTZ [aOR = 1.36 (95% CI:0.83–2.23), P = 0.216] versus RTX. When examining months 6–24, NTZ demonstrated higher odds of disease activity compared to RTX [aOR = 2.21 (95% CI: 1.20–4.06), P = 0.007]. Similar odds of discontinuation were seen between NTZ and RTX [aOR = 1.39 (95% CI: 0.88–2.20), P = 0.157]; however, FTY [aOR = 2.02 (95% CI: 1.24–3.30), P = 0.005] and DMF [aOR = 3.27 (95% CI: 2.15–4.97), P < 0.001] had greater odds of discontinuation than RTX.InterpretationRTX demonstrated superior effectiveness and discontinuation outcomes compared to FTY and DMF. Although RTX demonstrated similar effectiveness and discontinuation compared to NTZ, RTX had superior effectiveness during months 6–24 and fewer discontinuations when excluding discontinuations due to insurance issues. Results suggest superiority of RTX in reducing disease activity and maintaining long‐term treatment in a real‐world MS cohort.
When Ultimate Adhesive Mechanism Meets Ultimate Anti‐Fouling Surfaces—Polydopamine Versus SLIPS: Which One Prevails?
Authors: Prieto‐López Lizbeth Ofelia , Herbeck‐Engel Petra , Yang Li , Wu Qian , Li Juntang , Cui Jiaxi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhat happens when the extremely adhesive and versatile chemistry of polydopamine (PDA) is in contact with the extremely slippery surfaces known as slippery liquid‐infused porous substrates (SLIPS)? Inspired by the pitcher plant, SLIPS possess excellent repellence against a variety of complex liquids and have been proposed as promising antifouling surfaces because of their successful performance even in marine environments. In the counterpart, inspired by the adhesive proteins enabling the strong adhesion of mussels to multiple substrates, PDA has been extensively studied for its ability to adhere on nearly every type of substrate. The interaction between various SLIPS systems and the highly fouling medium from the oxidative polymerization of dopamine is explored here. A PDA coating is observed on all the SLIPS evaluated, modifying their hydrophobicity in most cases. In‐depth study of silicone‐based SLIPS shows that hydrophobicity of PDA coated SLIPS partially recovers with time due to percolation of the lubricant through the coating. “Strongly” bound PDA species are attributed to the formation of dopamine‐polydimethylsiloxane species on the crosslinked matrix, rendering a coating that withstands repeated washing steps in various solvents including water, hexane, and toluene. The results not only satisfy scientific curiosity but also imply a strategy to modify/bond SLIPS.
Controlling Atomic Layer Deposition of 2D Semiconductor SnS2 by the Choice of Substrate
Authors: Mattinen Miika , King Peter J. , Brüner Philipp , Leskelä Markku , Ritala Mikko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSemiconducting 2D materials, such as SnS2, hold great promise in a variety of applications including electronics, optoelectronics, and catalysis. However, their use is hindered by the scarcity of deposition methods offering necessary levels of thickness control and large‐area uniformity. Herein, a low‐temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) process is used to synthesize up to 5 × 5 cm2 continuous, few‐layer SnS2 films on a variety of substrates, including SiO2/Si, Si‐H, different ALD‐grown films (Al2O3, TiO2, and Ir), sapphire, and muscovite mica. As a part of comprehensive film characterization, the use of low energy ion scattering (LEIS) is showcased to determine film continuity, coverage of monolayer and multilayer areas, and film thickness. It is found that on sapphire substrate, continuous films are achieved at lower thicknesses compared to the other substrates, down to two monolayers or even less. On muscovite mica, van der Waals epitaxial growth is realized after the post‐deposition annealing, or even in the as‐deposited films when the growth is performed at 175 to 200 °C. This work highlights the importance of the substrate choice for 2D materials and presents a practical low‐temperature method for the deposition of high‐quality SnS2 films that may be further evaluated for a range of applications.
Copper‐Catalyzed Remote Direct Thiocyanation of Alkyl C(sp3)−H Bonds
Authors: Wang Qian , Tian Peiyuan , Cao Zhong‐Yan , Zhang Hongwei , Jiang Cuiyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA method for site‐selective intermolecular C(sp3)−H thiocyanation of aliphatic sulfonamides is developed using cheap trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate (TMSNCS) as the thiocyanation reagent, catalyzed by simple Cu(I)/phenanthroline complex. The mild, and modular protocol allows remote C(sp3)−H thiocyanation in promising yields with a broad substrate scope.magnified image
Electrochemical Zinc Ion Capacitors Enhanced by Redox Reactions of Porous Carbon Cathodes
Authors: Yin Jian , Zhang Wenli , Wang Wenxi , Alhebshi Nuha A. , Salah Numan , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAqueous electrochemical zinc ion capacitors (ZICs) are promising next‐generation energy storage devices because of their high safety, inexpensive raw materials, and long cycle life. Herein, an aqueous ZIC with superior performance is fabricated by employing an oxygen‐rich porous carbon cathode. Excellent capacitance and energy density are obtained thanks to the electric double‐layer capacitance of porous carbon, and additional pseudocapacitances originating from the variation in oxidation states of oxygen functional groups and the reversible electrochemical hydrogen adsorption and desorption during each round‐trip charge–discharge cycle. Moreover, the cycling stability of ZIC is effectively prolonged by suppressing zinc dendrite growth with a simple surface carbon coating strategy. The assembled ZIC delivers a high capacitance of 340.7 F g−1, a high capacity of 179.8 mAh g−1 in a wide voltage window of 0–1.9 V, a maximum energy density of 104.8 Wh kg−1, and an ultrahigh power density of 48.8 kW kg−1. Furthermore, the as‐fabricated aqueous ZIC exhibits an ultralong cycle life of 30 000 cycles with a high capacity retention of 99.2%. This work provides a novel design strategy by incorporating reversible hydrogen and oxygen redox reactions to enhance the energy storage capability of aqueous ZICs toward practical energy storage applications.
Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductor of Perovskite LixLayMO3−δ toward Carbon‐Free Cathode for Reversible Lithium–Air Batteries
Authors: Ma Sang Bok , Kwon Hyuk Jae , Kim Mokwon , Bak Seong‐Min , Lee Hyunpyo , Ehrlich Steven N. , Cho Jeong‐Ju , Im Dongmin , Seo Dong‐Hwa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMixed ionic–electronic conductors (MIECs) can play a pivotal role in achieving high energies and power densities in rechargeable batteries owing to their ability to simultaneously conduct ions and electrons. Herein, a new strategy is proposed wherein late 3d transition metals (TMs) are substituted into a perovskite Li‐ion conductor to transform it into a Li‐containing MIEC. First‐principles calculations show that perovskite LixLayMO3 with late 3d TMs have a low oxygen vacancy formation energy, implying high electron carrier concentrations corresponding to high electronic conductivity. The activation barriers for Li diffusion in LixLayMO3 (M = Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co) are below 0.411 eV, resulting in high Li‐ion conductivity. The designed perovskites of Li0.34La0.55MnO3−δ experimentally prove to have high electronic (2.04 × 10−3 S cm−1) and Li‐ion (8.53 × 10−5 S cm−1) conductivities, and when applied in a carbon‐free cathode of a Li–air cell, they deliver superior reversibility at 0.21 mAh cm−2 over 100 charge/discharge cycles while avoiding the degradation associated with carbonaceous materials. This strategy enables the effective design of Li‐conducting MIEC and reversible Li–air batteries.
Luminescent Solar Collectors: Quo Vadis?
Authors: Roncali Jean 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLuminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are optical systems that absorb, convert, and concentrate solar light by means of photoluminescence of an emitting material embedded in a transparent waveguide. LSCs combine large possibilities of variation of shape, flexibility, color, and transparency and can operate under direct or diffuse light. LSCs were actively investigated in the period 1975–1985 in view of photovoltaic (PV) conversion. After 20 years of sleep, research on LSCs has reemerged in the first years of the millennium driven by their potential application for PV conversion in built environment. Research on LSCs aims at the development of new active and passive components, namely emitting and light‐guiding materials, and at the reduction of the loss factors associated with the elemental processed involved in the operation in order to improve power conversion efficiency. After a brief historical account, the operating principles, characterization, components, technology, and applications are reviewed. Finally, the performance of LSCs are critically discussed in a global perspective with particular emphasis on the basic contradiction between light concentration and conversion efficiency leading to some suggestions for future development of the topic.
Remote skin self‐examination training of melanoma survivors and their skin check partners: A randomized trial and comparison with in‐person training
Authors: Robinson June K. , Reavy Racheal , Mallett Kimberly A. , Turrisi Rob 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCompared with other cancers, melanoma has the longest delays measured as the median time to patient presentation for care from symptom onset. Time to presentation for care is a key determinant of outcomes, including disease stage, prognosis, and treatment.MethodsMelanoma survivors with localized disease and their skin check partners enrolled in two sequential randomized control trials of skin self‐examination (SSE) training. In Phase 1, the pair read a workbook in the office and had quarterly total body skin examinations with a study dermatologist. In Phase 2, materials were mailed to pairs, whose surveillance was with a community physician. SSE knowledge, performance (frequency and extent), and identification of concerning moles were compared between phases.ResultsAmong 341 patients, 197 received the workbook and the others were controls. Knowledge in performing SSE was higher for the workbook relative to controls in both phases. The SSE frequency ranged from 2.38 to 5.97 times in 9 months. Patients randomized to the workbook in both phases performed significantly more SSE than controls at 9 months (P < .05). In both phases, trained survivors performed significantly more SSEs on the scalp than controls at 9 and 18 months (P < .05). Phase 1 survivors performed significantly more SSEs on the abdomen, buttocks, and soles of the feet than controls, but this did not occur in Phase 2. Finally, in both phases, survivors trained with the workbook resulted in greater detection of suspicious lesions and melanomas.ConclusionsThese findings justify the benefits of remote SSE training for patients as an adjunct to provider‐administered screening.
Exosomal lncRNA H19 promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with Propofol via miR‐520a‐3p/LIMK1 axis
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Xing Na , Yang Tao , Liu Junqi , Zhao Huaping , He Juan , Ai Yanqiu , Yang Jianjun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related deaths globally. Herein, we explored the underlying mechanism by which Propofol inhibited the development of HCC.Methods3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was carried out to detect the viability and proliferation. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19, microRNA‐520a‐3p (miR‐520a‐3p), LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), metastasis‐associated markers (Snail, Twist, Vimentin and E‐cadherin) and exosome markers (CD9 and CD81). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the morphology and structure of exosomes. The apoptosis and metastasis were measured by flow cytometry and transwell assays. StarBase software was utilized to predict the targets of H19 and miR‐520a‐3p. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the interaction between miR‐520a‐3p and H19 or LIMK1. Nude mice bearing tumors were used to validate the role of exosomal H19.RESULTSThe high expression of exosomal H19 accelerated the proliferation and motility while hampering the apoptosis of HCC cells. MiR‐520a‐3p could bind with H19. Exosomal H19 exacerbated HCC through sponging miR‐520a‐3p. The 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) of LIMK1 could bind to miR‐520a‐3p. MiR‐520a‐3p mimic transfection reversed the inhibitory effect of high expression of exosomal LIMK1 on the apoptosis of HCC cells and the promoting effects on the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells. The mRNA and protein levels of LIMK1 were regulated by H19/miR‐520a‐3p signaling. The high level of exosomal H19 promoted the growth of HCC tumors in vivo.ConclusionCirculating H19 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion and inhibited the apoptosis of HCC cells treated with Propofol through upregulating LIMK1 via sponging miR‐520a‐3p.
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: A US population‐based survival analysis (1999‐2016)
Authors: Florindez Jorge A. , Alderuccio Juan Pablo , Reis Isildinha M. , Lossos Izidore S. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundSplenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a rare tumor without a uniform treatment approach. The authors describe a large population‐based study evaluating survival outcomes of patients with SMZL according to the treatment received.MethodsFrom the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, patients were selected who had SMZL diagnosed from 1999 to 2016. Observation, splenectomy, chemotherapy, and splenectomy with chemotherapy were the evaluated treatment strategies. Cox and Fine and Gray regression models were used to evaluate overall and SMZL‐specific survival, respectively.ResultsIn total, 1671 patients were selected for the analysis. Most patients were aged >60 years (71.3%), White (89.7%), and non‐Hispanic (91.7%). Transformation to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) occurred in 71 patients (4.2%), and the 10‐year transformation rate was 8.6% (95% CI, 6.6%‐10.9%). In multivariable analysis, shorter SMZL‐specific survival was associated with age ≥60 years (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.40‐2.45; P < .001), Hispanic ethnicity (SHR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.06‐2.13; P = .023), DLBCL transformation (SHR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.48‐2.97; P < .001), and the presence of B‐symptoms (SHR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.23‐2.27; P < .001). Compared with splenectomy, observation (SHR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.67‐1.28; P = .636), chemotherapy only (SHR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.93‐1.76; P = .127), and splenectomy plus chemotherapy (SHR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.96‐2.13; P = .089) showed no significant differences in SMZL‐specific survival. Predictors of shorter overall survival were age ≥60 years (hazard ratio, 2.98; 95% CI, 2.37‐3.76; P < .001) and the presence of B‐symptoms (hazard ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.06‐1.67; P = .014).ConclusionsThere were no significant differences in overall or SMZL‐specific survival by treatment strategy. Older age, Hispanic ethnicity, DLBCL transformation, and B‐symptoms were associated with a worse prognosis.
Optimized Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy for Imaging Chromatin Structure in Pathological Tissue
Authors: Xu Jianquan , Ma Hongqiang , Liu Yang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDirect visualization of higher‐order chromatin structure at the molecular scale is of great importance for understanding the impact of chromatin organization on gene expression in many biological processes. Understanding the changes in chromatin structure during pathological processes requires the use of in vivo models and clinical samples, and formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue is the most widespread form of preservation. Here we describe the details of PathSTORM, an optimized stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) protocol for high‐quality super‐resolution imaging of densely packed higher‐order chromatin organization in pathological tissue. We discuss detailed methods for fluorescence staining of DNA and histone proteins, as well as the key technical factors for obtaining high‐quality STORM images in pathological tissue samples. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLCBasic Protocol 1: Fluorescence staining of chromatin in pathological tissueBasic Protocol 2: STORM data processingSupport Protocol 1: Drift correctionSupport Protocol 2: Image reconstructionSupport Protocol 3: Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining
Sustainable social responsibility through stakeholders engagement
Authors: Rodríguez‐Fernández Mercedes , Gaspar‐González Ana I. , Sánchez‐Teba Eva M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the convergence in research of the terms Corporate Governance, Financial Performance and Social Responsibility has been studied. To this end, we have reviewed the literature published between 1998 and 2017 and analyzed a total of 350 articles dealing with these issues, either individually or in combination. Thus, a bibliometric and co‐citation analysis has been carried out. This research has demonstrated the importance of the Stakeholder theory to reach the organization's commitment to achieving good financial results, which is considered the key to maintaining social responsibility policies over time.The emerging trends detected focus on board diversity as well as corporate reputation along with the company's financial performance. Also new topics that are raising interest among researchers are women, China, information disclosure or gender.
Peer‐to‐peer education to prevent drug use: A qualitative analysis of the perspectives of student peer educators from Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Nurmala Ira , Pertiwi Elisa D. , Muthmainnah Muthmainnah , Rachmayanti Riris D. , Devi Yuli P. , Harris Neil , Wiseman Nicola , Li Chung Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIssue addressedAdolescence is a transition period between childhood and adulthood during which an individual is more likely to engage in drug use. Peer education is one strategy suggested to discourage adolescents from engaging in negative lifestyle behaviours including drug use. This qualitative research was conducted to understand the perspectives of student peer educators to provide counselling to their peers around drug use.MethodsData were gathered at 10 senior high schools in five regions of Surabaya through semi‐structured interviews (student peer educators: n = 20; teachers: n = 13) and focus group discussions (three FGDs with student peer educators: n = 25). The data were analysed through thematic analysis following procedures of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing.ResultsThe peer educators showed readiness (actual or potential) to provide counselling based on the external factor (confidence of ongoing support) and internal factors (motivate healthy lifestyle choices, ready with an open ear, self‐development and share knowledge and experience).ConclusionsThe readiness to provide counselling emphasises the preparedness of the students to help their peers and appeared underpinned by their self development and personal experiences. A capacity building program to enable student peer educators to enhance their skills to motivate healthy lifestyle choices would be of benefit.So what?The confidence in ongoing support factor recognises the essential role of stakeholders to visibly advocate for the reactivation of the peer educator program for high school students as a clear sign of support.
Analysis of stress responses in Astyanax larvae reveals heterogeneity among different populations
Authors: Chin Jacqueline S. R. , Loomis Cody L. , Albert Lydia T. , Medina‐Trenche Shirley , Kowalko Johanna , Keene Alex C. , Duboué Erik R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStress responses are conserved physiological and behavioral outcomes as a result of facing potentially harmful stimuli, yet in pathological states, stress becomes debilitating. Stress responses vary considerably throughout the animal kingdom, but how these responses are shaped evolutionarily is unknown. The Mexican cavefish has emerged as a powerful system for examining genetic principles underlying behavioral evolution. Here, we demonstrate that cave Astyanax have reduced behavioral and physiological measures of stress when examined at larval stages. We also find increased expression of the glucocorticoid receptor, a repressible element of the neuroendocrine stress pathway. Additionally, we examine stress in three different cave populations, and find that some, but not all, show reduced stress measures. Together, these results reveal a mechanistic system by which cave‐dwelling fish reduced stress, presumably to compensate for a predator poor environment.
Effects of boric acid on urea‐N transformation and 3,4‐dimethylpyrazole phosphate efficiency
Authors: Gao Jichao , Luo Jiafa , Lindsey Stuart , Shi Yuanliang , Wei Zhanbo , Wang Lingli , Zhang Lei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground3,4‐Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) is a nitrification inhibitor which can restrict nitrate (NO3−) production. Boric acid is a substance which inhibits urease activity. However, few studies have focused on the inhibitory effect of boric acid on urea hydrolysis and the possible synergistic effect with DMPP. Thus, an incubation trial was conducted to determine the impact of boric acid and DMPP addition on urea‐N transformation, and their synergistic effects, in chernozem soil (Che) and red soil (RS). Four treatments were set up in each soil: urea only (U); urea combined with DMPP (UD); urea combined with boric acid (UB); and urea combined with both DMPP and boric acid (UDB).ResultsCompared to U, adding DMPP (UD) increased NH3 emissions by 11% and 13% and decreased soil NO3−‐N concentration by 38% and 13% in Che and RS, respectively. Boric acid addition (UB) effectively prolonged the half‐life time of urea by 0.8 and 0.4 days, reduced NH3 volatilizations by 11% and 16% and delayed the occurrence of NH3 emission peaks for 3 and 4 days in contrast to U treatment in Che and RS, respectively. UDB treatment mitigated the NH3 volatilizations caused by the addition of DMPP (UD) by 16% and 29% in Che and RS, respectively. Additionally, a better nitrification inhibition rate was found in the UDB treatment compared to other treatments in both soils.ConclusionsThere is potential to develop a new N transformation inhibition strategy with the use of a combination of boric acid and DMPP. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry