bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of an HLA‐A*24:02‐restricted α‐fetoprotein signal peptide‐derived antigen and its specific T‐cell receptor for T‐cell immunotherapy
Authors: Li Zhenjuan , Gong Haiping , Liu Qiuping , Wu Wanli , Cheng Jianting , Mei Yingyi , Chen Yaolong , Zheng Hongjun , Yu Xiaohong , Zhong Shi , Li Yi 
Published: December 2019

SummaryHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer with limited treatments. Asia has the highest HCC incidence rates; China accounts for over 50% of all HCC cases worldwide. T‐cell receptor (TCR) ‐engineered T‐cell immunotherapies specific for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ‐A*02:01‐restricted α‐fetoprotein (AFP) peptide have shown encouraging results in clinics. HLA‐A*24:02 is more common than HLA‐A*02:01 in Asian countries, including China. Here we identified a novel HLA‐A*24:02‐restricted peptide KWVESIFLIF (AFP2–11) located in AFP signal peptide domain by mass spectrometric analysis of HLA‐bound peptides from HepG2 cells. A TCR (KWV3.1) specific for AFP2–11‐HLA‐A*24:02 was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a healthy donor. The binding affinity of soluble KWV3.1 to its antigen was determined to be ~55 μm, within the affinity range of native TCRs for self‐antigens. KWV3.1‐transfected T cells could specifically activate and kill AFP2–11 pulsed T2‐A24 cells and AFP+ HLA‐A*24:02+ tumor cell lines, demonstrating that AFP2–11 can be naturally presented on the surface of AFP+ tumor cell lines. The newly identified antigenic peptide can provide a novel target for immunotherapeutic strategies for patients with AFP+ HLA‐A*24:02+ HCC.
The feasibility of vigorous resistance exercise training in adults with intellectual disabilities with cardiovascular disease risk factors
Authors: Weterings Stijn , Oppewal Alyt , Hilgenkamp Thessa I. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is high in adults with intellectual disabilities. This CVD risk can potentially be decreased with a resistance training (RT) programme at vigorous intensity, following previous research on successful High‐Intensity Training programmes. Our aim was to explore the feasibility of a vigorous RT‐programme for adults with intellectual disabilities with CVD risk factors.MethodTwenty‐four adults with intellectual disabilities with at least one CVD risk factor participated in a 24‐week RT‐programme. The training intensity was increased from novice (50%1RM) to vigorous (75%–80%1RM). Feasibility was based on the achieved training intensity at the end of the RT‐programme.ResultsNineteen participants finished the RT‐programme. Feasibility was good as 58% (11 out of 19) of the participants worked out at vigorous intensity at the end of the programme.ConclusionsIt is feasible for the majority of adults with intellectual disabilities with CVD risk factors to exercise at vigorous intensity.
Disentangling the drivers of local species richness using probabilistic species pools
Authors: Karger Dirk Nikolaus , Wüest Rafael O. , König Christian , Cabral Juliano Sarmento , Weigelt Patrick , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Linder Hans Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimLocal richness is a result of both regional richness and local site‐specific factors. We quantify the effects of different regional (dispersal, environmental filtering) and local (habitat selection) community assembly processes in the Cape reeds (Restionaceae) of the Cape flora and test if community assembly processes vary spatially.LocationSouthern Africa, Cape Floristic Region.TaxonAngiosperms, African Restionaceae (restios).MethodsWe calculate local probabilistic species pools, based on local species richness, dispersal rates and environmental filtering at a 4 km2 resolution. We then compare the relative contribution of the processes shaping the species pool spatially. Finally, we correlate observed species richness (based on 916 circular, 10 m diameter relevés) with the local species pools to test the explanatory power of additional local edaphic variables that could act as filters at very small scales.ResultsThere is substantial spatial variation in the local probabilistic species pools. Within the central part of the Cape, the local pools are mostly influenced by environmental filtering, while along the periphery dispersal limitation dominates. Observed species richness is lower than the predicted species pool size, which forms an upper boundary of the potential species richness for a local site. Local, site‐specific edaphic factors help to explain the remaining differences between local species pool size and α‐richness.Main conclusionThe analytical framework for inferring local probabilistic species pools provides a powerful tool for including the influence of regional species richness on variations in relevé α‐richness. This allows us to disentangle the various processes that operate at different spatial scales, and ultimately determine local restio species richness in the Cape Floristic Region.
Emperipolesis mediated by CD8+ T cells correlates with biliary epithelia cell injury in primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Zhao Su‐xian , Li Wen‐cong , Fu Na , Zhou Guang‐de , Liu Shu‐hong , Jiang Li‐na , Zhang Yu‐guo , Wang Rong‐qi , Nan Yue‐min , Zhao Jing‐min 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrimary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic destruction of the bile ducts. A major unanswered question regarding the pathogenesis of PBC is the precise mechanisms of small bile duct injury. Emperipolesis is one of cell‐in‐cell structures that is a potential histological hallmark associated with chronic hepatitis B. This study aimed to clarify the pathogenesis and characteristics of emperipolesis in PBC liver injury. Sixty‐six PBC patients, diagnosed by liver biopsy combined with laboratory test, were divided into early‐stage PBC (stages I and II, n = 39) and late‐stage PBC (stages III and IV, n = 27). Emperipolesis was measured in liver sections stained with haematoxylin‐eosin. The expressions of CK19, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, Ki67 and apoptosis of BECs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence double labelling. Emperipolesis was observed in 62.1% of patients with PBC, and BECs were predominantly host cells. The number of infiltrating CD3+ and CD8+ T cells correlated with the advancement of emperipolesis (R2 = 0.318, P < .001; R2 = 0.060, P < .05). The cell numbers of TUNEL‐positive BECs and double staining for CK19 and Ki67 showed a significant positive correlation with emperipolesis degree (R2 = 0.236, P < .001; R2 = 0.267, P < .001). We conclude that emperipolesis mediated by CD8+ T cells appears to be relevant to apoptosis of BEC and thus may aggravate the further injury of interlobular bile ducts.
Comparison of different quantile regression methods to estimate predictive hydrological uncertainty in the Upper Chao Phraya River Basin, Thailand
Authors: Acharya Suwash C. , Babel Mukand S. , Madsen Henrik , Sisomphon Piyamarn , Shrestha Sangam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe estimation of predictive uncertainty and its application as a post‐processor of hydrological model output, such as water level, can provide additional information useful for short‐term hydrological forecasting. In this study, We applied quantile regression models for estimating predictive hydrological uncertainty and used it to derive probabilistic hydrological forecasts. Forecast water levels and associated forecast errors were used as predictor and predictand, respectively, to develop three regression models: (a) linear quantile regression (LQR), (b) weighted LQR and (c) LQR in Gaussian space using Normal Quantile Transformation. These different models for hydrological forecasting were developed for, and applied to, the operational flood forecasting system in the Upper Chao Phraya River, Thailand. The quality of these forecasts in terms of reliability, sharpness and overall skill were assessed using various graphical and numerical verification metrics. Results show that the improvement of forecast in terms of either reliability or sharpness depends upon the configurations used. With comparable overall performance, weighted LQR provided a relatively simple configuration, which can be used for estimating uncertainty in hydrological forecasting.
RNA‐Seq analysis reveals the potential molecular mechanisms of daidzein on adipogenesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue of finishing Xianan beef cattle
Authors: Liang Huan , Xu Lanjiao , Zhao Xianghui , Pan Ke , Yi Zhonghua , Bai Jun , Qi Xinglei , Xin Junping , Li Meifa , Ouyang Kehui , Song Xiaozhen , Liu Chanjuan , Qu Mingren 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDaidzein has been reported to be effective in regulating lipid metabolism in animals. However, the molecular mechanisms of daidzein on adipogenesis in beef cattle are not yet reported and the results of daidzein on affecting lipid metabolism in other species have been conflicting. High‐throughput sequencing of mRNA (RNA‐Seq) technology was performed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of daidzein on adipogenesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue of finishing Xianan beef cattle. A total of 893 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by differential expression analysis, among which 405 genes were upregulated and 488 genes were downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that these DEGs were significantly enriched to the pathways related to lipid metabolism including ECM–receptor interaction, Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis and Hedgehog signalling pathway. Daidzein significantly affected the candidate genes (Shh, Pec, Gli, Wnt6, DLK, IGFBP2, ID3 and C/EBPE) related to adipocyte differentiation. Besides, daidzein improved the ability of subcutaneous adipocytes in synthesizing triglycerides by directly using the long‐chain fatty acids and enhanced the efficiency of triglyceride synthesis of subcutaneous adipocytes in Xianan steers. In conclusion, daidzein plays a positive role not only in adipogenic differentiation, but also in triglyceride synthesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue of Xianan beef cattle.
Egg intervention effect on linear growth no longer present after two years
Authors: Iannotti Lora L. , Chapnick Melissa , Nicholas Jennifer , Gallegos‐Riofrio Carlos Andres , Moreno Patricia , Douglas Katherine , Habif David , Cui Yuhan , Stewart Christine , Lutter Chessa K. , Waters William F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Lulun Project, a randomized controlled trial conducted in 2015, found that one egg per day for 6 months during early complementary feeding reduced stunting by 47% and increased linear growth by 0.63 length‐for‐age Z (LAZ). This follow‐up cohort study (Lulun Project II) aimed to test whether the growth effect remained in the egg intervention group compared with the control group after approximately 2 years. Mothers or caregivers from the Lulun Project were recontacted and recruited for this study. Enumerators collected data on socio‐economic and demographic factors, 24‐hr frequency of dietary intakes, morbidities, and anthropometric measures of height, weight, and head circumference using World Health Organization protocols. Statistical analyses followed the same analytical plan as Lulun Project, applying generalized linear models and regression modelling to test group differences in height‐for‐age z (HAZ) from LAZ at Lulun Project endline, and structural equation modelling for mediation. One hundred thirty‐five mother–child dyads were included in Lulun II, with 11% losses to follow‐up from endline Lulun Project. Growth faltering across all children was evident with HAZ −2.07 ± 0.91 and a stunting prevelance of 50%. Regression modelling showed no difference between egg and control groups for the HAZ outcome and other anthropometric outcomes, and significant declines in HAZ from endline Lulun Project in the egg intervention are compared with control groups. Current dietary egg intake, however, was associated with reduced growth faltering in HAZ from Lulun Project endline to Lulun Project II, independent of group assignment and through mediation, explaining 8.8% of the total effect. Findings suggest the need for a longer intervention period and ongoing nutrition support to young children during early childhood.
Evidence for contrasting roles of dimethylsulfoniopropionate production in Emiliania huxleyi and Thalassiosira oceanica
Authors: McParland Erin L. , Wright Anna , Art Kristin , He Meagan , Levine Naomi M. 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a globally abundant marine metabolite and a significant source of organic carbon and sulfur for marine microbial ecosystems with the potential to influence climate regulation. However, the physiological function of DMSP has remained enigmatic for >30 yr. Recent insight suggests that there are different physiological roles for DMSP based on the cellular DMSP concentrations in producers.

Differential production of DMSP was tested with multiple physiological experiments that altered nitrate availability, salinity and temperature to create stressed growth and target different metabolic conditions in Emiliania huxleyi, a high DMSP producer and Thalassiosira oceanica, a low DMSP producer.

Emiliania huxleyi intracellular DMSP did not respond to metabolically imbalanced conditions, while Thalassiosira oceanica intracellular DMSP was significantly correlated to stressed growth rate across all conditions tested and exhibited a plastic response on a timescale of hours in nonsteady‐state.

The previous assumption that proposed DMSP mechanism(s) can be universally applied to all producers is shown to be unlikely. Rather, two distinct ecological roles for DMSP likely exist that differ by producer type, where: (1) the primary role of DMSP in high producers is a constitutive compatible solute; and (2) DMSP production in low producers is a finely tuned stress response.
High incidence of diaphragmatic myopotential oversensing by a specific implantable cardioverter defibrillator
Authors: Baldinger Samuel H. , Haeberlin Andreas , Servatius Helge , Seiler Jens , Noti Fabian , Lam Anna , Sweda Romy , Reichlin Tobias , Tanner Hildegard , Roten Laurent 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionDiaphragmatic myopotential oversensing (dMPO) by implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) is thought to be a rare condition that can be misdiagnosed as lead failure and lead to unnecessary lead replacement. We observed several cases of dMPO in patients with Sorin/LivaNova ICDs (MicroPort Sci.). We sought to systematically assess the incidence of dMPO in patients with Sorin/LivaNova ICDs.Methods and ResultsA predefined number of 100 consecutive patients with Sorin/LivaNova ICDs were prospectively included in the device clinic of our center. Stored arrhythmia episodes were checked for spontaneous dMPO. In addition, we performed provocation maneuvers by Valsalva.At least one episode of spontaneous or provoked dMPO was seen in 12 (12%) of the 100 patients included in the study (86% males, median age: 66 years). Nine of 89 patients (10%) with true bipolar and 3 of 11 patients (27%) with integrated bipolar sensing configuration were affected.Spontaneous dMPO was observed in 7 of 58 patients (12%) with sensitivity programmed to 0.4 mV and in 2 of 42 patients (5%) with sensitivity programmed to 0.6 mV (not significant). In three patients, dMPO could be provoked with no spontaneous episodes recorded.In two nonpacemaker‐dependent patients with a CRT‐D, ventricular pacing was temporarily inhibited. No antitachycardia therapy was triggered by dMPO in any patient.ConclusionsDMPO is frequent in patients with Sorin/LivaNova ICDs, especially with sensitivity programmed to 0.4 mV. It also frequently occurs with true bipolar sensing configuration. DMPO should not be misinterpreted as lead failure to avoid unnecessary lead replacement.
Efficiency and legitimacy in collaborative public management: Mapping inter‐local agreements in England using social network analysis
Authors: Dixon Ruth , Elston Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnglish councils have long aspired to be ‘self‐sufficient’, providing services within single jurisdictions with limited inter‐local collaboration. However, by 2017 almost all local councils (97 per cent) participated in one or more frontline or back‐office ‘shared service’ involving 338 distinct partnerships. We analyse this new‐found enthusiasm for inter‐council collaboration by performing exploratory social network analysis on organizational and financial data for all 353 English councils. We examine factors predicting collaboration and the characteristics of the service networks that result, focusing on resource, organizational and political considerations. Propensity to collaborate was found to be unpredictable, but partner choice was rational, driven by geographical proximity and similarity in organizational and resource characteristics. We argue that, according to the institutional theory of organizations, both efficiency and legitimacy influenced these reform choices, and the risks of fashionable collaboration were mitigated by careful partner selection. We highlight implications for future quantitative research into symbolic (non‐instrumental) forms of collaboration.
Pst DC3000 infection alleviates subsequent freezing and heat injury to host plants via a salicylic acid‐dependent pathway in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tuang Za Khai , Wu Zhenjiang , Jin Ye , Wang Yizhong , Oo Phyo Phyo Zin , Zuo Guoxin , Shi Huazhong , Yang Wannian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAbiotic stresses greatly affect the immunity of plants. However, it is unknown whether pathogen infection affects abiotic stress tolerance of host plants. Here, the effect of defense response on cold and heat tolerance of host plants was investigated in Pst DC3000‐infected Arabidopsis plants, and it was found that the pathogen‐induced defense response could alleviate the injury caused by subsequent cold and heat stress (38°C). Transcriptomic sequencing plus RT‐qPCR analyses showed that some abiotic stress genes are up‐regulated in transcription by pathogen infection, including cold signaling components ICE1, CBF1, and CBF3, and some heat signaling components HSFs and HSPs. Moreover, the pathogen‐induced alleviation of cold and heat injury was lost in NahG transgenic line (SA‐deficient), sid2‐2 and npr1‐1 mutant plants, and pathogen‐induced expression of cold and heat tolerance‐related genes such as CBFs and HSPs, respectively, was lost or compromised in these plants, indicating that salicylic acid signaling pathway is required for the alleviation of cold and heat injury by pathogen infection. In short, our current work showed that in fighting against pathogens, host plants also enhance their cold and heat tolerance via a salicylic acid‐dependent pathway.
Role of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and therapeutics
Authors: Marchesan Julie T. , Girnary Mustafa Saadat , Moss Kevin , Monaghan Eugenia Timofeev , Egnatz Grant Joseph , Jiao Yizu , Zhang Shaoping , Beck Jim , Swanson Karen V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInflammasomes are a group of multimolecular intracellular complexes assembled around several innate immune proteins. Recognition of a diverse range of microbial, stress and damage signals by inflammasomes results in direct activation of caspase‐1, which subsequently induces the only known form of secretion of active interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐18. Although the importance of interleukin‐1β in the periodontium is not questioned, the impact of inflammasomes in periodontal disease and its potential for therapeutics in periodontology is still in its very early stages. Increasing evidence in preclinical models and human data strongly implicate the involvement of inflammasomes in a number of inflammatory, autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Here we review: (a) the currently known inflammasome functions, (b) clinical/preclinical data supporting inflammasome involvement in the context of periodontal and comorbid diseases and (c) potential therapies targeting inflammasomes. To clarify further the inflammasome involvement in periodontitis, we present analyses of data from a large clinical study (n = 5809) that measured the gingival crevicular fluid‐interleukin‐1β and grouped the participants based on current periodontal disease classifications. We review data on 4910 European‐Americans that correlate 16 polymorphisms in the interleukin‐1B region with high gingival crevicular fluid‐interleukin‐1β levels. We show that inflammasome components are increased in diseased periodontal tissues and that the caspase‐1 inhibitor, VX‐765, inhibits ~50% of alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. The literature review further supports that although patients clinically present with the same phenotype, the disease that develops probably has different underlying biological pathways. The current data indicate that inflammasomes have a role in periodontal disease pathogenesis. Understanding the contribution of different inflammasomes to disease development and distinct patient susceptibility will probably translate into improved, personalized therapies.
Herpesvirus‐bacteria synergistic interaction in periodontitis
Authors: Chen Casey , Feng Pinghui , Slots Jørgen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe etiopathogenesis of severe periodontitis includes herpesvirus‐bacteria coinfection. This article evaluates the pathogenicity of herpesviruses (cytomegalovirus and Epstein‐Barr virus) and periodontopathic bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansandPorphyromonas gingivalis) and coinfection of these infectious agents in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Cytomegalovirus andA. actinomycetemcomitans/P. gingivalisexercise synergistic pathogenicity in the development of localized (“aggressive”) juvenile periodontitis. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein‐Barr virus are associated withP. gingivalisin adult types of periodontitis. Periodontal herpesviruses that enter the general circulation may also contribute to disease development in various organ systems. A 2‐way interaction is likely to occur between periodontal herpesviruses and periodontopathic bacteria, with herpesviruses promoting bacterial upgrowth, and bacterial factors reactivating latent herpesviruses. Bacterial‐induced gingivitis may facilitate herpesvirus colonization of the periodontium, and herpesvirus infections may impede the antibacterial host defense and alter periodontal cells to predispose for bacterial adherence and invasion. Herpesvirus‐bacteria synergistic interactions, are likely to comprise an important pathogenic determinant of aggressive periodontitis. However, mechanistic investigations into the molecular and cellular interaction between periodontal herpesviruses and bacteria are still scarce. Herpesvirus‐bacteria coinfection studies may yield significant new discoveries of pathogenic determinants, and drug and vaccine targets to minimize or prevent periodontitis and periodontitis‐related systemic diseases.