bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
500 Wh kg−1 Class Li Metal Battery Enabled by a Self‐Organized Core–Shell Composite Anode
Authors: Han Bing , Xu Dongwei , Chi Shang‐Sen , He Dongsheng , Zhang Zhen , Du Leilei , Gu Meng , Wang Chaoyang , Meng Hong , Xu Kang , Zheng Zijian , Deng Yonghong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLithium (Li) metal offers the highest projected energy density as a battery anode, however its extremely high reactivity induces dendrite growth and dead Li formation during repeated charge/discharge processes, resulting in both poor reversibility and catastrophic failure. Approaches reported to date often seek to suppress dendrites formation at the expense of energy density. Here, a strategy that resolves the above conflict and achieves a dendrite‐free and long‐term reversible Li metal anode is reported. A self‐organized core–shell composite anode, comprising an outer sheath of lithiated liquid metal (LixLMy) and an inner layer of Li metal, is developed, which posesses high electrical and ionic conductivity, and physically separates Li from the electrolyte. The introduction of LixLMy not only prevents dendrite formation, but also eliminates the use of copper as an inert substrate. Full cells made of such composite anodes and commercially available LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) cathodes deliver ultrahigh energy density of 1500 Wh L−1 and 483 Wh kg−1. The high capacity can be maintained for more than 500 cycles, with fading rate of less than 0.05% per cycle. Pairing with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) further raises the energy density to 1732 Wh L−1 and 514 Wh kg−1.
Disorder‐Induced Quantum Griffiths Singularity Revealed in an Artificial 2D Superconducting System
Authors: Han Xiaowen , Wu Yufeng , Xiao Hong , Zhang Miao , Gao Min , Liu Yi , Wang Jian , Hu Tao , Xie Xiaoming , Di Zengfeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDisorder‐induced Griffiths singularity of quantum phase transition (QPT) is a crucial issue in 2D superconductors (2DSC). In a superconducting system, the strength of disorder is found to be associated with the vortex pinning energy, which is closely related to the quantum Griffiths singularity; however, a direct study to elucidate the role of vortex pinning energy on the quantum Griffiths singularity in 2DSC remains to be undertaken. Here, an artificial 2DSC system is designed by randomly depositing superconducting nanoislands on 2Delectron gas (2DEG). Quantum Griffiths singularity is present in a graphene/Pb‐islands‐array hybrid, where the superconducting behavior transits to weakly localized metallic behavior induced by the vertical magnetic field and exhibits critical behavior with a diverging dynamical critical exponent approaching zero temperature. Compared to the study of graphene/Sn‐islands‐array hybrid where the sharp QPT is observed, the vortex pinning energy acquired from the Arrhenius plot analysis is greater in graphene/Pb‐islands‐array hybrid, which may contribute to the presence of the quantum Griffiths singularity. This work may provide a comprehensive interpretation of the QPT in 2DSC.
Herbarium‐based measurements reliably estimate three functional traits
Authors: Perez Timothy M. , Rodriguez Jessica , Mason Heberling J. 
Published: September 2020

PremiseThe use of functional traits has surged in recent decades, providing new insights ranging from individual plant fitness to ecosystem processes. Global plant trait databases have advanced our understanding of plant functional diversity, but they remain incomplete because of geographic and taxonomic biases. Herbarium specimens may help fill these gaps by providing trait information across space and time. We tested whether herbarium specimen‐derived measurements are reliable estimates of three important, commonly measured functional traits—specific leaf area (SLA), branch wood specific gravity, and leaf thickness.MethodsLeaves and branches were collected from species cultivated at Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and Florida International University in Miami, FL, USA. Fresh components of SLA (area), branch wood specific gravity (volume), and leaf thickness were measured following standard trait measurement protocols. We compared these trait values to corresponding measurements using plant tissues dried in a plant press following standard herbarium plant collecting protocols.ResultsHerbarium‐derived trait measurements (dried tissues) were highly correlated with those measured using fresh tissues following standard protocols (SLA: R2 = 0.72–0.97, p < 0.01; wood specific gravity: R2 = 0.74–0.75, p < 0.01; leaf thickness: R2 = 0.96, p < 0.01). However, except for leaf thickness, linear model slope or intercept coefficients differed from 1, indicating herbarium‐derived trait measurements may provide biased estimates of fresh traits without the use of correction factors.ConclusionsHerbarium‐derived traits cannot always be used interchangeably with those measured from fresh tissues because of tissue shrinkage. However, herbarium‐derived trait data still have the potential to drastically expand the temporal, geographic, and taxonomic scope of global trait databases.
Cell‐type‐specific insights into iron regulatory processes
Authors: Mleczko‐Sanecka Katarzyna , Silvestri Laura 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite its essential role in many biological processes, iron is toxic when in excess due to its propensity to generate reactive oxygen species. To prevent diseases associated with iron deficiency or iron loading, iron homeostasis must be tightly controlled. Intracellular iron content is regulated by the Iron Regulatory Element‐Iron Regulatory Protein (IRE‐IRP) system, whereas systemic iron availability is adjusted to body iron needs chiefly by the hepcidin‐ferroportin (FPN) axis. Here, we aimed to review advances in the field that shed light on cell‐type‐specific regulatory mechanisms that control or modify systemic and local iron balance, and how shifts in cellular iron levels may affect specialized cell functions.
Oral, dental, and craniofacial features in chronic acid sphingomyelinase deficiency
Authors: Bender Cláubia V. , da Silveira Heraldo L. D. , dos Santos Natália S. , Cavagni Juliano , Rados Pantelis V. , John Angela B. , De Souza Carolina F. M. , Giugliani Roberto , Visioli Fernanda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the oral, dental, and craniofacial features of individuals affected by the chronic forms of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD). This study comprised a sample of adult and pediatric patients (n = 8) with chronic ASMD. The individuals underwent oral examinations to evaluate the occurrence of caries, as well as full‐mouth periodontal examinations, to assess the occurrence and severity of periodontal diseases. Panoramic and profile radiographs were obtained to analyze dental conditions and craniofacial parameters. Participants also answered questionnaires to identify systemic impairment, parafunctional habits, and bruxism. Dental anomalies of size, shape, and number were found, with agenesis and microdontia being the predominant findings. The average of caries experience was 11.75 (±8.1). Only one patient had periodontal health and all adult individuals had periodontitis at different stages and degrees. Bruxism was found in 87.5% of the sample. The convex profile and maxillary and mandibular retrusion were the most relevant findings in the cephalometric analysis. It is concluded that individuals with chronic ASMD, in addition to several systemic manifestations, present significant modifications in their oral health, from a greater occurrence of dental anomalies, caries, periodontal disease, in addition to skeletal changes.
Orientational Order Parameters for Arbitrary Quantum Systems
Authors: te Vrugt Michael , Wittkowski Raphael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe concept of quantum‐mechanical nematic order, which is important in systems such as superconductors, is based on an analogy to classical liquid crystals, where order parameters are obtained through orientational expansions. This method is generalized to quantum mechanics based on an expansion of Wigner functions. This provides a unified framework applicable to arbitrary quantum systems. The formalism recovers the standard definitions for spin systems. For Fermi liquids, the formalism reveals the nonequivalence of various definitions of the order parameter used in the literature. Moreover, new order parameters for quantum molecular systems with low symmetry are derived, which cannot be properly described with the usual nematic tensors.
Interfacial interactions and properties of cellular structured polyurethane nanocomposite based on carbonaceous nano‐fillers
Authors: Mandal Subhash , Roy Debmalya , Prasad Namburi Eswara , Joshi Mangala 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, we have studied the effect of carbonaceous nanofillers viz. fullerenol (0D), carboxylated multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT, 1D), hydroxylated graphene (2D) and combination of carboxylated CNT and hydroxylated graphene as 3D in thermoplastic polyurethane on the tensile properties of the fabricated cellular structures. The concentration of nano‐fillers was varied as 0.1, 1, and 5 wt%. Tensile properties of the nanocomposite cellular structures were measured as per ASTM D882 at 20°C (below glass transition temperature, Tg) and 40°C (above Tg). The results have shown that the tensile strength was found to increase by 200%–300% and the tensile modulus was found to increase by 150%–300% for 2D and 3D nano‐fillers while significantly poor results were observed for 0D. However, the test data tensile strength and modulus showed marginal increase at 20°C and marginally low at 40°C for 1D filler. The interfacial adhesion was calculated by using experimental tensile data and the predictive models. The interfacial adhesion parameter (Bσ) calculated using Pukanszky equation was found significantly higher value for 2D (Bσ20 = 195.8) and 3D (Bσ20 = 192.0) fillers while poor adhesion was observed for 0D (Bσ20 = −81.6) fillers. The developed cellular structured materials were also evaluated by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform IR spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope.
Manipulation of thick‐walled PEEK bushing crystallinity and modulus via instrumented compression molding
Authors: Al‐Mezrakchi Ruaa , Creasy Terry , Sue Hung‐Jue , Bremner Tim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn instrumented hot compression molding apparatus was fabricated to allow real‐time monitoring and precise temperature control during the compaction and consolidation of large polyether ether ketone (PEEK) products. The objective was to determine the impact of controlled variables on the properties of the molded article. Four different strategies were designed to control the mold thermal profiles. The average crystallinity in a commercial molding process is restricted due to large thermal masses with low thermal conductivity. In contrast, this research was able to reduce the crystallinity range from 33% to 6% by developing a special controlled apparatus and implementing new processing methodologies. In this study, PEEK showed a significant increase in the modulus compared to typical values measured on commercially produced analogs, and a higher degree of property uniformity. In a single commercially molded PEEK billet, compressive modulus variability was 13% at room temperature, and 21% at 225°C. Properties of billets produced using the laboratory apparatus showed a reduction in variability to 2%.
Demonstrating the practical impact of studies on biotic interactions and adaptation of a threatened unionoid mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) to its host fish (Salmo trutta)
Authors: Österling Martin , Larsen Bjørn Mejdell , Arvidsson Björn 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

To understand the ecological factors behind the decline of functionally important threatened species with complex life cycles, many different life‐cycle stages need to be investigated. The highly threatened unionoid freshwater mussels, with their complex life cycle, including a parasitic stage on host fish, often have a large influence on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
The overall aim of the present article is to summarize and discuss the impact of two articles published in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (AQC) on biotic interactions and adaptation of a threatened unionoid mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) to its host fish (Salmo trutta).
The two AQC publications described research on the influence of population size and density of mussels and host fish, and host–parasite interactions between mussels and their host fish, on the recruitment of juvenile mussels.
The results from these publications filled gaps in knowledge and resulted in recommendations and incentives for conservation. The results and method development have been used in practical conservation work with threatened mussel species and have been implemented and cited in management handbooks. The outcome of the publications has been implemented in large conservation and restoration projects, and in several recent scientific publications.
Specifically, the results from one publication showed that ecological parameters such as mussel and host fish density and population size influenced recruitment of the threatened freshwater pearl mussel. The results from the second publication showed that understanding host–parasite interactions is important for comparing the suitability of host fish strains, and that host fish strains differ in their suitability for mussel infestations. In combination, the articles show that integrating ecological parameters of threatened mussels and their host fish with host–parasite interaction experiments can be an important influence on conservation recommendations, adaptive management and national management programmes for threatened species.
A novel prognostic model for Japanese patients with newly diagnosed bone‐metastatic hormone‐naïve prostate cancer
Authors: Miyoshi Yasuhide , Yasui Masato , Yoneyama Shuko , Kawahara Takashi , Nakagami Yoshihiro , Ohno Yoshimasa , Iizuka Junpei , Tanabe Kazunari , Hashimoto Yasunobu , Tsumura Hideyasu , Tabata Ken‐ichi , Iwamura Masatsugu , Yano Akihiro , Kawakami Satoru , Uemura Hiroji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the prognosis of newly diagnosed patients with metastatic hormone‐naïve prostate cancer (mHNPC) and develop a novel prognostic model based on ChemoHormonal Therapy Versus Androgen Ablation Randomized Trial for Extensive Disease in Prostate Cancer (CHAARTED) risk classifications.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 578 newly diagnosed mHNPC patients initially treated with androgen deprivation therapy. We evaluated three clinical factors, namely, CHAARTED risk classifications (high‐volume disease [HVD] vs low‐volume disease [LVD]), Gleason scores (GS, 9‐10 vs ≤8), and hemoglobin (Hb, ≤13.0 g/dL vs >13.0 g/dL), for their prognostic potential in predicting time to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (TTC) and overall survival (OS) of mHNPC patients by multivariate analysis. Moreover, we developed a novel prognostic model that consisted of significant prognostic factors.ResultsOf the entire cohort, the median TTC and OS values were 18.3 and 67.5 months, respectively. HVD, GS 9‐10, and Hb ≤13.0 g/dL were independent poor prognostic factors for both TTC and OS. We developed a novel prognostic model which could stratify mHNPC patients into four risk groups according to the numbers of poor prognostic factors: group 1, LVD with low‐risk (LVD patients without GS 9‐10 and Hb ≤13.0 g/dL); group 2, LVD with high‐risk (LVD patients with GS 9‐10, Hb ≤13.0 g/dL, or both); group 3, HVD with low‐risk (HVD patients without GS 9‐10 with or without Hb ≤13.0 g/dL); and group 4, HVD with high‐risk (HVD patients with GS 9‐10 with or without Hb ≤13.0 g/dL). The median TTC and OS of groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 124.8, 36.4, 17.9, and 11.2 months, and 117.2, 94.2, 67.9, and 46.2 months, respectively. A significant difference in TCC and OS was found between all groups.ConclusionWe developed a prognostic model for mHNPC patients that consisted of CHAARTED risk classifications, GS, and Hb. Our prognostic model could significantly stratify the prognosis of patients with LVD and HVD into two groups each. This model might be a good reference for shared decision making between patients and physicians on the initial treatment for mHNPC.
Microscale Perfusion‐Based Cultivation for Pichia pastoris Clone Screening Enables Accelerated and Optimized Recombinant Protein Production Processes
Authors: Totaro Damiano , Radoman Bojana , Schmelzer Bernhard , Rothbauer Mario , Steiger Matthias G. , Mayr Torsten , Sauer Michael , Ertl Peter , Mattanovich Diethard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPichia pastoris has emerged in the past years as a promising host for recombinant protein and biopharmaceutical production. In the establishment of high cell density fed‐batch biomanufacturing, screening phase and early bioprocess development (based on microplates and shake flasks) still represent a bottleneck due to high‐cost and time‐consuming procedures as well as low experiment complexity. In the present work, a screening protocol developed for P. pastoris clone selection is implemented in a multiplexed microfluidic device with 15 μL cultivation chambers able to operate in perfusion mode and monitor dissolved oxygen content in the culture in a non‐invasive way. The setup allowed us to establish carbon‐limited conditions and evaluate strain responses to different input variables. Results from micro‐scale perfusion cultures are then compared with 1L fed‐batch fermentation. The best producer in terms of titer and productivity is rapidly identified after 12 h from inoculation and the results confirmed by lab‐scale fermentation. Moreover, the physiological analyses of the strains under different conditions suggested how more complex experimental conditions are achievable despite the relatively easy, straight‐forward, and cost‐effective experimental setup. Implementation and standardization of these micro‐scale protocols could reduce the demand for lab‐scale bioreactor cultivations thus accelerating the development of protein production processes.
Downregulation of T7 RNA polymerase transcription enhances pET‐based recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) by suppressing autolysis
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Man , Zhang Zi‐Xu , Wang Ling‐Ru , Wang Jing‐Gang , Liang Yan , Yang Hai‐Feng , Tao Rong‐Sheng , Jiang Yu , Yang Jun‐Jie , Yang Sheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEscherichia coli BL21 (DE3) is an excellent and widely used host for recombinant protein production. Many variant hosts were developed from BL21 (DE3), but improving the expression of specific proteins remains a major challenge in biotechnology. In this study, we found that when BL21 (DE3) overexpressed glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), a significant industrial enzyme, severe cell autolysis was induced. Subsequently, we observed this phenomenon in the expression of 10 other recombinant proteins. This precludes a further increase of the produced enzyme activity by extending the fermentation time, which is not conducive to the reduction of industrial enzyme production costs. Analysis of membrane structure and messenger RNA expression analysis showed that cells could underwent a form of programmed cell death (PCD) during the autolysis period. However, blocking three known PCD pathways in BL21 (DE3) did not completely alleviate autolysis completely. Consequently, we attempted to develop a strong expression host resistant to autolysis by controlling the speed of recombinant protein expression. To find a more suitable protein expression rate, the high‐ and low‐strength promoter lacUV5 and lac were shuffled and recombined to yield the promoter variants lacUV5‐1A and lac‐1G. The results showed that only one base in lac promoter needs to be changed, and the A at the +1 position was changed to a G, resulting in the improved host BL21 (DE3‐lac1G), which resistant to autolysis. As a consequence, the GDH activity at 43 h was greatly increased from 37.5 to 452.0 U/ml. In scale‐up fermentation, the new host was able to produce the model enzyme with a high rate of 89.55 U/ml/h at 43 h, compared to only 3 U/ml/h achieved using BL21 (DE3). Importantly, BL21 (DE3‐lac1G) also successfully improved the production of 10 other enzymes. The engineered E. coli strain constructed in this study conveniently optimizes recombinant protein overexpression by suppressing cell autolysis, and shows great potential for industrial applications.
Displacement to separate host‐cell proteins and aggregates in cation‐exchange chromatography of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Khanal Ohnmar , Kumar Vijesh , Lenhoff Abraham M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn efficient and consistent method of monoclonal antibody (mAb) purification can improve process productivity and product consistency. Although protein A chromatography removes most host‐cell proteins (HCPs), mAb aggregates and the remaining HCPs are challenging to remove in a typical bind‐and‐elute cation‐exchange chromatography (CEX) polishing step. A variant of the bind‐and‐elute mode is the displacement mode, which allows strongly binding impurities to be preferentially retained and significantly improves resin utilization. Improved resin utilization renders displacement chromatography particularly suitable in continuous chromatography operations. In this study we demonstrate and exploit sample displacement between a mAb and impurities present at low prevalence (0.002%–1.4%) using different multicolumn designs and recycling. Aggregate displacement depends on the residence time, sample concentration, and solution environment, the latter by enhancing the differences between the binding affinities of the product and the impurities. Displacement among the mAb and low‐prevalence HCPs resulted in an effectively bimodal‐like distribution of HCPs along the length of a multi‐column system, with the mAb separating the relatively more basic group of HCPs from those that are more acidic. Our findings demonstrate that displacement of low‐prevalence impurities along multiple CEX columns allows for selective separation of mAb aggregates and HCPs that persist through protein A chromatography.