bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental analysis of drilling fluid prepared by mixing iron (III) oxide nanoparticles with a KCl–Glycol–PHPA polymer-based mud used in drilling operation
Authors: Ahmed Nayem , Alam Md. Saiful , Salam M. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLoss of drilling fluid commonly known as mud loss is considered as one of the critical issues during the drilling operation as it can cause severe formation damage. To minimize fluid loss, researchers introduced numerous additives but did not get the expected result. Recently, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in drilling fluid gives a new hope to control the fluid loss. A basic KCl–Glycol–PHPA polymer-based mud is made, and six different concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 wt% iron (III) oxide or Hematite (Fe2O3) NPs are mixed with the basic mud. The experimental observations reveal that fluid loss of basic mud is 5.9 ml after 30 min and prepared nano-based drilling mud results in a less fluid loss at all concentrations. Nanoparticles with a concentration of 0.5 wt% result in a 5.1 ml fluid loss at the API LTLP filter press test. On the other hand, nanoparticles with a concentration of 3.0 wt% enhance the plastic viscosity, yield point, and 10 s gel strength by 15.0, 3.0, and 12.5%, respectively. The optimum concentration of hematite NPs is found to be 0.5 wt% which reduces the API LPLT filtrate volume and filter cake thickness by 13.6 and 40%, respectively, as well as an improvement of plastic viscosity by 10%.
Correction to: Coalfield structure and structural controls on coal in China
Authors: Cao Daiyong , Wang Anmin , Ning Shuzheng , Li Huantong , Guo Aijun , Chen Limin , Liu Kang , Tan Jieqing , Zheng Zhihong 
Published: June 2020

The original publication of the article contains incorrect notes in Fig. 1. The correct version of notes in Fig. 1 is provided in this erratum.
A Novel Strategy of In Situ Trimerization of Cyano Groups Between the Ti3C2Tx (MXene) Interlayers for High-Energy and High-Power Sodium-Ion Capacitors
Authors: Liu Siyang , Hu Fangyuan , Shao Wenlong , Zhang Wenshu , Zhang Tianpeng , Song Ce , Yao Man , Huang Hao , Jian Xigao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract2D MXenes are attractive for energy storage applications because of their high electronic conductivity. However, it is still highly challenging for improving the sluggish sodium (Na)-ion transport kinetics within the MXenes interlayers. Herein, a novel nitrogen-doped Ti3C2Tx MXene was synthesized by introducing the in situ polymeric sodium dicyanamide (Na-dca) to tune the complex terminations and then utilized as intercalation-type pseudocapacitive anode of Na-ion capacitors (NICs). The Na-dca can intercalate into the interlayers of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets and simultaneously form sodium tricyanomelaminate (Na3TCM) by the catalyst-free trimerization. The as-prepared Ti3C2Tx/Na3TCM exhibits a high N-doping of 5.6 at.% in the form of strong Ti–N bonding and stabilized triazine ring structure. Consequently, coupling Ti3C2Tx/Na3TCM anode with different mass of activated carbon cathodes, the asymmetric MXene//carbon NICs are assembled. It is able to deliver high energy density (97.6 Wh kg−1), high power output (16.5 kW kg−1), and excellent cycling stability (≈ 82.6% capacitance retention after 8000 cycles).
Industry 4.0: changes in work organization and qualification requirements—challenges for academic and vocational education
Authors: Kuper Harm 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe following article is based on the observation that digitalisation in the world of work does on the one hand trigger processes of change, leading to shifts and new constellations in the required qualifications. On the other hand, the effects of digitalisation on qualification requirements are moderated by work organisation. Against the background of a generalist understanding of academic and vocational qualifications, the article deals with the question what curricula correspond to the changing requirements of digitalisation under the new organizational circumstances of Industry 4.0. Turning to the discussion of preparatory qualifications for occupations in Industry 4.0, it follows the hypothesis that the technological developments that lead to a change in qualification needs also increase the potential to meet those needs. This leads to the idea of a digital signature pedagogy.
Does offspring sex ratio differ between urban and forest populations of great tits (Parus major)?
Authors: Ágh Nóra , Pipoly Ivett , Szabó Krisztián , Vincze Ernő , Bókony Veronika , Seress Gábor , Liker András 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSince male and female offspring may have different costs and benefits, parents may use sex ratio adjustment to increase their own fitness under different environmental conditions. Urban habitats provide poorer conditions for nestling development in many birds. Therefore, we investigated whether great tits (Parus major) produce different brood sex ratios in urban and natural habitats. We determined the sex of nestlings of 126 broods in two urban and two forest sites between 2012 and 2014 by molecular sexing. We found that brood sex ratio did not differ significantly between urban and forest habitats either at egg-laying or near fledging. Male offspring were larger than females in both habitats. This latter result suggests that male offspring may be more costly to raise than females, yet our findings suggest that urban great tits do not produce more daughters despite the unfavourable breeding conditions. This raises the possibility that other aspects of urban life, such as better post-fledging survival, might favour males and thereby compensate for the extra energetic costs of producing male offspring.
Albucasis: pioneer of the modern anorectal surgery
Authors: Nouri-Vaskeh Masoud , Mostafavi Soroush , Alizadeh Hadi , Kazemi Abdolhassan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlbucasis is one of the world’s pioneers in surgery. In his book, “Al-Tasrif”, he described the surgical procedures and tools, as well as post-operative care in detail. He introduced colorectal surgeries in detail and used topical substances to accelerate recovery. Albucasis considered different approaches for anorectal surgeries and used them according to the complexity of the cases. Many of these methods were first invented by him and the effect of his ideas on modern surgical methods is evident. In this article, we discuss anorectal diseases treated by Albucasis using surgical procedures.
Comparing Recommendations to Reality: First Aid Training and Equipment for Amateur Yacht Crews on Ocean Passages
Authors: Forbes Alison M. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction The aim of this study was to establish the first aid skills possessed and equipment carried by sailors participating in the 2018 Atlantic Rally for Cruisers and to compare these with expert recommendations for skills and diagnostic/monitoring equipment to be carried aboard. Methods A questionnaire survey was done of 179 boats at Las Palmas, and 88 completed questionnaires were returned. The recommendations were derived from a Delphi study that recruited telemedical providers, first aid trainers, and doctors and nurses with experience in ocean crossing in a small boat. The results were considered with reference to the published literature on accidents and injuries in sailors. Results Forty-two percent of boats had crew that had completed no or only 1 d of first aid training in the previous 5 y. Twenty-eight percent said that they had too little first aid training; lack of time was cited most frequently for not doing more training. Twenty-three percent only carried a basic or inshore medical kit. The Delphi study generated a core list of 6 skills and 11 pieces of diagnostic/monitoring equipment that should be available. Conclusions When compared, the results of the questionnaire and the Delphi study demonstrated a gap in knowledge/preparation among amateur, oceangoing yacht crews. There is a need for increased education about core first aid skills for sailing out of reach of outside assistance and useful diagnostic/monitoring equipment to have available.
The State-of-the-Art of Dating Techniques Applied to Ancient Mortars and Binders: A Review
Authors: Urbanová Petra , Boaretto Elisabetta , Artioli Gilberto 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe most recent workshop on mortar dating (25–27 Oct. 2018, Bordeaux, Montaigne University, France), which closely followed the publication of an extensive round robin-exercise involving several laboratories, was an opportunity to review the history and challenges of mortar dating methods and procedures currently in use. This review stems from the keynote lectures presented at the meeting, and wishes to summarize recent results, present trends, and future challenges. Three major areas are brought into focus (1) radiocarbon (14C) dating of complex mortars: can we assess the chances of successful dating?, (2) 14C dating of archaeological carbonate materials: difficulties, new directions and applications, and (3) single grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of mortars in architectural archaeology: the current state of the art. This paper reflects the material presented by the authors and discussed at the workshop.
Urea supplementation in rumen and post-rumen for cattle fed a low-quality tropical forage
Authors: Oliveira Cristhiane V. R. de , Silva Tadeu E. , Batista Erick D. , Rennó Luciana N. , Silva Fabyano F. , de Carvalho Isabela P. C. , Martín-Tereso Javier , Detmann Edenio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe evaluated the differences between the supplementation of urea in rumen and/or abomasum on forage digestion, N metabolism and urea kinetics in cattle fed a low-quality tropical forage. Five Nellore heifers were fitted with rumen and abomasum fistulas and assigned to a Latin square design. The treatments were control, continuous infusion of urea in the abomasum (AC), continuous infusion of urea in the rumen, a pulse dose of urea in the rumen every 12 h (PR) and a combination of PR and AC. The control exhibited the lowest (P< 0·10) faecal and urinary N losses, which were, overall, increased by supplementation. The highest urinary N losses (P< 0·10) were observed when urea was either totally or partially supplied as a ruminal pulse dose. The rumen N balance was negative for the control and when urea was totally supplied in the abomasum. The greatest microbial N production (P< 0·10) was obtained when urea was partially or totally supplied in the abomasum. Urea supplementation increased (P< 0·10) the amount of urea recycled to the gastrointestinal tract and the amount of urea-N returned to the ornithine cycle. The greatest (P< 0·10) amounts of urea-N used for anabolism were observed when urea was totally and continuously infused in the abomasum. The continuous abomasal infusion also resulted in the highest (P< 0·10) assimilation of microbial N from recycling. The continuous releasing of urea throughout day either in the rumen or abomasum is able to improve N accretion in the animal body, despite mechanism responsible for that being different.
Polychromy on the Antonine Wall Distance Sculptures: Non-destructive Identification of Pigments on Roman Reliefs
Authors: Campbell Louisa 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTNon-destructive analytical techniques are now widely and successfully employed in the fields of materials science and conservation. Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) and portable Raman spectrometry have proven particularly valuable for the rapidin-situanalysis of samples, but their applicability for the analysis of archaeological artefacts for which survival of surface treatments can be negatively impacted by post-depositional processes has been underexplored. Roman relief-sculpted monumental inscriptions from the Antonine Wall, commonly referred to as ‘Distance Slabs’, have offered an excellent opportunity to deploy these non-destructive techniques to determine whether they were originally adorned with pigments and, if so, to identify the colours used. This is a revolutionary approach to identifying colours on ancient sandstone sculpture that transforms our understanding of these unique monuments. Elemental composition analysis by pXRF has confirmed evidence for pigments and this is supported by the Raman results, making it possible to develop and reconstruct a palette of colours that originally brought these monuments to life in vibrant polychrome. The research offers a new methodology for identifying pigments on sandstone sculpture and opens new avenues for investigating other classes of material culture alongside the development of bespoke analytical equipment.
Successful surgical correction of tetralogy of fallot associated with anomalous left coronary artery connection to pulmonary artery
Authors: Ramakrishnan Pradeep , Ganga Kartik P. , Velayoudam Devagourou 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTetralogy of fallot is rarely associated with anomalous left coronary artery connection to main pulmonary artery. High index of suspicion is needed preoperatively to diagnose this association and treat successfully. We present a case of 9-year-old boy with the rare association of tetralogy of fallot and anomalous left coronary artery connection to pulmonary artery with a giant steal intercoronary collateral crossing right ventricular outflow tract who was treated successfully by single-stage surgical correction.
Alternatives to Social Science One
Authors: Levi Margaret , Rajala Betsy 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThis article responds to King and Persily’s (2019) proposal for a new model of industry–academic partnership using an independent third party to mediate between firms and academics. We believe this is a reasonable proposal for highly sensitive individual-level data, but it may not be appropriate for all types of data. We explore alternative options to their proposal, including Administrative Data Research Facilities, Data Collaboratives at GovLab, and Tech Data for Social Good Initiative at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. We believe social scientists should continue to explore, evaluate, and scale a variety of industry–academic data-sharing models.
Dietary pattern longitudinality during 8 years in children: results from the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC–CZ)
Authors: Grulichová Markéta , Zlámal Filip , Andrýsková Lenka , Švancara Jan , Pikhart Hynek , Bienertová-Vašků Julie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective:Dietary pattern analysis constitutes a suitable method for identifying complex food preferences as well as a useful tool for comparing dietary behaviour across individual populations. In addition to a lack of information on Central European dietary patterns, dietary data featuring a longitudinal aspect are likewise largely unavailable for the region. Our study thus strives to address this gap by analysing children’s dietary patterns, their stability and possible changes at 7, 11 and 15 years in the Czech part of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC–CZ).Design:We analysed dietary data based on the self-reported semi-quantitative FFQ obtained in 1998, 2002 and 2006. Dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis for each period, followed by the determination of dietary pattern stability across the individual periods.Setting:The analysis of dietary patterns was based on longitudinal children’s dietary data from the geographical region that was undergoing massive socio-economic changes at the time of birth of the study subjects.Participants:All participants were children. At 7 years the analysis included 3220 children, at 11 years the analysis included 2509 children and at 15 years the analysis included 1589 children.Results:Two stable children’s dietary patterns labelled as ‘prudent’ and ‘junk food’ were identified across all three time points (7, 11 and 15 years).Conclusions:This study identifies stable longitudinal trends in the dietary behaviour of children enrolled in the ELSPAC-CZ study.
Challenges to sovereign ambitions: forces of convergence and divergence within the global pharmaceutical sector and the UK's withdrawal from the European Union
Authors: Wright John S. F. , Doukas Dimitrios 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper maps key regulatory, governance and legal challenges associated with the UK's withdrawal from the European Union (EU) in terms of convergent and divergent pressures within the global pharmaceutical sector. These include (i) convergentregulatorypressures associated with the European framework for pre-market licensing; (ii) convergent and divergentindustrypressures with regard to drug discovery and manufacturing; and (iii) divergent and convergentmarketpressures associated with the supply, pricing and assessment of medicines. The UK's sovereign ambitions risk a loss of influence over the licensing and surveillance of pharmaceuticals under convergent regulatory and industry pressures to engage in unilateral participation in the European regime. Further, they also risk a loss of influence over processes for pricing and assessing the effectiveness of new treatment regimens under divergent market pressures from larger pharmaceutical markets outside the EU, notably the United States.
Chemopreventive activity of hydroethanolic Murraya	koenigii leaves extract (HEMKLE) against chemically induced skin	carcinogenesis in mice
Authors: Kaur Sarvnarinder , Dogra Shilpa , Sadwal Shilpa , Aniqa Aniqa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The present study aimed to examine the chemoprotective effect of Hydroethanolic Murraya koenigii leaves extract (HEMKLE) on murine skin carcinogenesis model. For the study, male LACA mice divided into four groups (n = 15 per group). Group I (Control), Group II (DMBA/TPA), Group III (HEMKLE), and Group IV (HEMKLE + DMBA/TPA). Skin tumors were induced in Group II (DMBA/TPA) and Group IV (HEMKLE + DMBA/TPA) by topical application of 7, 12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) [500 nmol/100 μL of acetone, twice a week for two weeks] and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) [1.7 nmol/100 μL of acetone, twice a week for eighteen weeks] and HEMKLE (200 mg/kg b. w.) was administered orally (instilled by oral gavage). The chemoprotective response of HEMKLE was evident by inhibition in tumor incidence, mean tumor volume, mean tumor burden, total number of tumors, and tumor size in Group IV (HEMKLE + DMBA/TPA) when compared to Group II (DMBA/TPA). HEMKLE administration also decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and increased the antioxidants enzyme activities in Group IV (HEMKLE + DMBA/TPA) when compared to Group II (DMBA/TPA) that suggests its antioxidant potential. HEMKLE administration also increased the mRNA and protein expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and decreased the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 in Group IV (HEMKLE + DMBA/TPA) when compared to Group II (DMBA/TPA) that suggest its apoptosis-inducing effect on DMBA/TPA induced skin carcinogenesis.
New Insight Into Lunar Regolith‐Forming Processes by the Lunar Rover Yutu‐2
Authors: Lin Honglei , Lin Yangting , Yang Wei , He Zhiping , Hu Sen , Wei Yong , Xu Rui , Zhang Jinhai , Liu Xiaohui , Yang Jianfeng , Xing Yan , Yu Chengwu , Zou Yongliao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Yutu‐2 rover of the Chang'E‐4 spacecraft observed many meter‐sized shallow pits fully covered with small fragments, distinct from the typical rock‐free impact craters with comparable sizes in the landing area. The unique morphology of the pits and the visible and near‐infrared spectra of the fragments suggest that the fragments are broken pieces of impact melt‐conglutinated regolith breccia projectiles, which were excavated from preexisting craters. The rareness of rock on the landing area surface suggests that the preexisting craters were probably small in size (e.g., <60 m in diameter), not large enough to penetrate the thick regolith (~12 m) and to excavate the beneath rock breccia and/or bedrock. The presence of the impact melts was confirmed by the glass‐like spectra of some fragments with unusually high albedo and blue‐green tint in the centers of the pits. These observations reveal the gardening and consolidating processes on the Moon.
Solar‐Induced Fluorescence Does Not Track Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation Following Induced Stomatal Closure
Authors: Marrs J. K. , Reblin J. S. , Logan B. A. , Allen D. W. , Reinmann A. B. , Bombard D. M. , Tabachnik D. , Hutyra L. R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSince 2006, six satellites measuring solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) have been launched to better constrain terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP). The promise of the SIF signal as a proxy for photosynthesis with a strong relationship to GPP has been widely cited in carbon cycling studies. However, chlorophyll fluorescence originates from dynamic energy partitioning at the leaf level and does not exhibit a uniformly linear relationship with photosynthesis at finer scales. We induced stomatal closure in deciduous woody tree branches and measured SIF at a proximal scale, alongside leaf‐level gas exchange, pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorescence, and leaf pigment content. We found no change in SIF or steady‐state PAM fluorescence, despite clear reductions in stomatal conductance, carbon assimilation, and light‐use efficiency in treated leaves. These findings suggest that equating SIF and photosynthesis is an oversimplification that may undermine the utility of SIF as a biophysical parameter in GPP models.
New Insights Into Complex Interactions Between Heterogeneity and Wettability Influencing Two‐Phase Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Bakhshian Sahar , Rabbani Harris Sajjad , Hosseini Seyyed Abolfazl , Shokri Nima 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoupled effects of wettability and pore geometry on pore‐scale dynamics of immiscible two‐phase fluid displacement were investigated using a multiphase lattice Boltzmann model in homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media under a wide range of contact angle θ (25° ≤θ≤ 175°). The observed invasion patterns indicate that the complex interactions between wettability and pore morphology play crucial roles in controlling the displacement patterns. The detailed pore‐scale analysis enabled us to delineate how wettability influences the recovery efficiency of the defending fluid in homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media. As the wetting condition changes from strong drainage to imbibition, we observed a transition from burst to corner flow leading to a compact displacement and hence a higher recovery efficiency in the heterogeneous sample. The present study sheds new insights on how the interaction between wettability and heterogeneity influences fluid displacement in porous media.
Topological Comparison Between the Stochastic and the Nearest‐Neighbor Earthquake Declustering Methods Through Network Analysis
Authors: Varini Elisa , Peresan Antonella , Zhuang Jiancang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEarthquake clustering is a significant feature of seismic catalogs, both in time and space. Several methodologies for earthquake cluster identification have been proposed in the literature in order to characterize clustering properties and to analyze background seismicity. We consider two recent data‐driven declustering techniques, one based on nearest‐neighbor distance and the other on a stochastic point process. These two methods use different underlying assumptions and lead to different classifications of earthquakes into background events and clustered events. We investigated the classification similarities by exploiting graph representations of earthquake clusters and tools from network analysis. We found that the two declustering algorithms produce similar partitions of the earthquake catalog into background events and earthquake clusters, but they may differ in the identified topological structure of the clusters. Especially the clusters obtained from the stochastic method have a deeper complexity than the clusters from the nearest‐neighbor method. All of these similarities and differences can be robustly recognized and quantified by the outdegree centrality and closeness centrality measures from network analysis.