bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain management for medical and surgical termination of pregnancy between 13 and 24 weeks of gestation: a systematic review
Authors: Jackson E , Kapp N 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundHigh‐quality care for termination of pregnancy (TOP) requires pain to be effectively managed; however, practices differ, and the available guidelines do not specify optimal strategies.ObjectiveTo guide providers in effective pain management for second‐trimester medical and surgical TOP.Search strategyWe searched PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases, and the US National Library of Medicine clinical trials registry, from inception to the end of June 2019, and hand‐searched reference lists.Selection criteriaTrials comparing pain management strategies with no treatment, placebo or active interventions during induced medical or surgical TOP, occurring between 13 and 24 weeks of gestation, and reporting direct or indirect measures of pain.Data collection and analysisBoth authors summarised and systematically assessed the evidence and risk of bias using standard tools.Main resultsWe included seven medical and four surgical TOP studies, with 453 and 349 participants, respectively. The heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes prevented pooled analyses. Medical TOP: women receiving routine or continuous epidural analgesia experienced mild pain. The prophylactic use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decreased pain (mean difference −0.5, P < 0.001) and additional opioid requirements (3.5 versus 7 mg, P = 0.04) compared with placebo/other treatment. Paracervical block was ineffective. No studies assessed intramuscular (IM)/intravenous (IV) opioid or nonpharmacological treatment. Surgical TOP: general anaesthesia/deep IV sedation alleviated pain. Nitrous oxide was ineffective. No studies assessed moderate IV sedation, IV/IM opioid, paracervical block without sedation, NSAID or nonpharmacological treatment.ConclusionBased on limited data, regional analgesia and NSAIDs mitigated second‐trimester medical TOP pain; general anaesthesia/deep IV sedation alleviated surgical TOP pain.Tweetable abstractAlthough women experience intense pain during second‐trimester termination of pregnancy, few data are available to inform their treatment.
Diaries from the front line—Formal supervision and job quality among social care workers during austerity
Authors: Cunningham Ian , Lindsay Colin , Roy Chandrima 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFocusing on social care workers in public, private and voluntary sectors, this article contributes to research on the impact of austerity on public service human resource management (HRM). The article uses an innovative diary method to highlight the importance of intrinsic elements of job quality such as supervision practice in mitigating degradation in extrinsic elements as austerity dismantles public service HRM. The article also reports that supervision has itself come under pressure due to resource shortages. The results regarding sub‐sector differences have implications for policy‐makers and practitioners in terms of rebuilding the standard employment relationship in social care so that they are more sensitive to differences across private, public and voluntary sectors.
Loss leading with salient thinkers
Authors: Inderst Roman , Obradovits Martin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn various countries, competition laws restrict retailers' freedom to sell their products below cost. A common rationale, shared by policymakers, consumer interest groups and brand manufacturers alike, is that such “loss leading” of products would ultimately lead to a race‐to‐the‐bottom in product quality. Building on Varian's (1980) model of sales, we provide a foundation for this critique, though only when consumers are salient thinkers, putting too much weight on certain product attributes. But we also show how a prohibition of loss leading can backfire, as it may make it even less attractive for retailers to stock high‐quality products, decreasing both aggregate welfare and consumer surplus.
Stereotactic radiosurgery combined with anlotinib for limited brain metastases with perilesional edema in non‐small cell lung cancer: Rvision‐001 study protocol
Authors: Wang Yuxia , Wang Xin , Guan Yun , Song Yongchun , Zhuang Hongqing , Wang Enmin 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionAbout 50% of patients with non‐small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are diagnosed with brain metastases during treatment, and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an important treatment for brain oligometastasis. Some patients with brain metastases have cerebral edema before treatment, and radiation therapy may also cause, or aggravate brain edema. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes angiogenesis and increase vascular permeability, and previous studies have shown that anti‐VEGF treatment can reduce brain edema. We hypothesized that anlotinib hydrochloride can reduce perilesional edema around brain metastases, create conditions for subsequent SRS, increase local control rate and improve patient prognosis.MethodsFrom one week before stereotactic radiosurgery, patients begin to receive anlotinib once a day (12 mg) from day 1–14 of a 21 day cycle, with two cycles in total. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is taken before treatment, one week and one month after medication. A total of 50 patients will be included in this study. The primary endpoint is the Edema Index, and the secondary endpoints are intracranial objective response rate (iORR), intracranial progression‐free survival (iPFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), safety, and the rate of SRS after anlotinib treatment.DiscussionThis study is a multicenter, prospective, single‐arm, phase II clinical study, and explores the efficacy and tolerability of SRS with anlotinib in NSCLC patients with limited brain metastases. The aim of the study is to provide new treatment options for NSCLC patients with brain metastases.
The small home ranges and large local ecological impacts of pet cats
Authors: Kays R. , Dunn R. R. , Parsons A. W. , Mcdonald B. , Perkins T. , Powers S. A. , Shell L. , McDonald J. L. , Cole H. , Kikillus H. , Woods L. , Tindle H. , Roetman P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDomestic cats (Felis catus) are a conservation concern because they kill billions of native prey each year, but without spatial context the ecological importance of pets as predators remains uncertain. We worked with citizen scientists to track 925 pet cats from six countries, finding remarkably small home ranges (3.6 ± 5.6 ha). Only three cats ranged > 1 km2 and we found no relationship between home range size and the presence of larger native predators (i.e. coyotes, Canis latrans). Most (75%) cats used primarily (90%) disturbed habitats. Owners reported that their pets killed an average of 3.5 prey items/month, leading to an estimated ecological impact per cat of 14.2‐38.9 prey ha−1 yr−1. This is similar or higher than the per‐animal ecological impact of wild carnivores but the effect is amplified by the high density of cats in neighborhoods. As a result, pet cats around the world have an ecological impact greater than native predators but concentrated within ~100 m of their homes.
Mapping of the chicken cleft primary palate mutation on chromosome 11 and sequencing of the 4.9 Mb linked region
Authors: Youngworth I. A. , Delany M. E. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryAn embryonic lethal mutation in chicken named cleft primary palate (cpp) is inherited in an autosomal recessive mode and results in a severely truncated upper beak. In this study, genotyping and sequencing techniques were employed to advance our genetic and genomic knowledge of the mutation’s chromosomal location, candidate region and possible causative element using a congenic inbred line. Herein, the candidate region for the cpp developmental mutation was established as a ca. 5.1 Mb region of chicken chromosome 11 (GGA 11) through the use of a 600K Affymetrix SNP array. The SNPs identified from this array linked to cpp were used to genotype individuals from the congenic inbred line over several generations and thereby fine‐map the causative region resulting in an approximately 200 kb size reduction. This candidate region (4.9 Mb) was sequenced via capture array in a cohort of 24 individuals, including carriers, mutants and their wild type (wt) siblings. Interestingly, the GGA 11 region for cpp encompasses the predicted centromere location and is thus unlikely to be highly disrupted by further recombination. Here we report on the variation unique to the cpp mutation, i.e. single‐nucleotide variants and insertions or deletions. Although the candidate region contains several genes of interest with regard to the cpp phenotype, only one cpp‐linked variant was predicted to have a significant physiological effect by causing a frameshift mutation in ESRP2, which has a role in tissue‐specific splicing during development.
Input use under cost‐of‐production crop insurance: Theory and evidence
Authors: He Juan , Zheng Xiaoyong , Rejesus Roderick , Yorobe Jose 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere have been a number of previous studies that examined the effects of yield‐ or revenue‐based crop insurance products on input use of farmers. However, no study has specifically investigated the input use impacts of a cost‐of‐production (COP) crop insurance policy, even though this type of crop insurance is the predominant one used in several other countries outside of the United States (such as the Philippines and China). This article aims to theoretically and empirically examine the effect of a COP crop insurance product on farmers’ chemical input use. Our theoretical model suggests that the effect of COP insurance on input use can either be positive or negative, with the resulting impact depending on the strengths of (a) the traditional moral hazard effect of insurance (i.e., an input use decreasing effect); versus (b) the marginal incentives to apply more inputs due to input levels being the main determinant for expected indemnity amounts in this type of insurance (i.e., an input use increasing effect). A survey data set from corn farmers in the Philippines is then used to empirically illustrate how a particular COP insurance product influences input use in a real‐life context. In this case, we find that COP insurance increases the use of chemical inputs (e.g., fertilizers and total chemical expenditure), implying that the positive marginal incentive to apply more inputs dominates the negative moral hazard effect.
Macrorelationship between average life expectancy and prevalence of obesity: Theory and evidence from global data
Authors: Bansal Sangeeta , Zilberman David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA large body of literature assesses the impact of obesity on health at the microlevel and finds that obesity is a risk to health and longevity of life. We develop a macrolevel analytical framework to investigate the impact of obesity prevalence on average life expectancy, the trade‐off between health expenditure and obesity prevalence, and the differential effect of obesity prevalence by gender, and apply this framework to cross country national data using a panel data of 183 countries for the years 2007 to 2014. The empirical analysis shows that the average life expectancy is a concave function of obesity prevalence, and an increase in obesity prevalence increases average expected life expectancy with low obesity levels. While obesity is a significant problem in developed countries, its impact on average life expectancy is partially mitigated by health expenditure. Underweight and lack of health expenditure in developing countries are even more severe problems. The marginal benefit of health expenditure in a low obesity country (highly correlated with underweight) has a larger impact on life expectancy relative to that in a high obesity country. A part of the longer life expectancy of women is related to better average nutritional state and less vulnerability to obesity. The results are consistent over three macromeasures of the longevity of life—average life expectancy, adult mortality rate, and healthy life expectancy.
Buprenorphine Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in Community‐Based Settings: Outcome Related to Intensity of Services and Urine Drug Test Results
Authors: Galanter Marc , Femino John , Hunter Brooke , Hauser Mary 
Published: March 2020

Background and ObjectivesVariables contributing to the outcome of buprenorphine treatment for opiate use disorder have been studied, including patient characteristics and the treatment approach applied. It is also valuable to study the types of clinical facilities that can affect outcome.MethodsWe evaluated patients (N = 20 993) in 573 facilities where buprenorphine was prescribed. Urine drug test results were analyzed for those (N = 13 281) who had buprenorphine prescribed at least twice in the period January 2015 through June 2017. Facilities were divided into three categories: medication management (MM) only, limited psychosocial (LP) therapy, and recovery‐oriented (with more extensive counseling and a 12‐step orientation) (RO).ResultsUrine drug tests negative for other opioids at the time of the second buprenorphine prescription were 34% for MM, 56% for LP, and 62% for RO (P < .001). A comparison was made between the most recent and the established patients at the facilities. The decrement in urinalyses positive for other opioids in this latter comparison was 3% for MM, 7% for LP, and 23% for RO (P < .001).Discussion and ConclusionsIn a large sample of community settings, buprenorphine patients’ urinalyses positive for opioids can vary considerably across treatment facilities, and more intensive recovery orientation may yield a better outcome in terms of secondary opioid use.Scientific SignificanceThe majority of buprenorphine patients are treated in community facilities. It is important that research be done by facility type in such settings in order to plan for optimal treatment. (© 2020 The Authors. The American Journal on Addictions published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.;00:00–00)
Woody plant diversity, composition and structure in relation to environmental variables and land‐cover types in Lake Wanchi watershed, central highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Angessa Abebe Tufa , Lemma Brook , Yeshitela Kumelachew , Fischer Joern , May Felix , Shumi Girma 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKnowledge of vegetation dynamics associated with human land‐use change and environmental variables is crucial for sustainable watershed management. The objective of this study was to analyse woody plant diversity in response to the effects of anthropogenic disturbances, and topographic variables in different land‐cover types. Woody plants ≥5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) were recorded from 20‐by‐20 m plots, those <5 cm DBH were recorded from 10‐by‐10 m plots, and tree seedlings were recorded in 3‐by‐3 m plots. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling with Bray–Curtis distance was employed to analyse woody species composition. Woody species richness was analysed using generalised linear modelling. Tree diameter‐class distributions were examined for population structure. The study identified 104 woody plants belonging to 52 families, where 74.5% were indigenous and 16.7% were endemic to Ethiopia. Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Rosaceae were the most species‐rich families. There was evidence for the effect of anthropogenic disturbance and elevation on woody species composition. Wetlands contained the highest woody species richness, while woody species richness declined with increasing elevation and disturbance. Evidence of good regeneration was observed in wetlands. To sustain the ecological functions and services provided by the watershed, rehabilitation of the forest and shrub‐cover should be a high priority for local management authorities.
Rectal disc resection improves stool frequency in patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis: A prospective study
Authors: Ip Julian C. Y. , Chua Terence C. , Wong Shing W. , Krishnan Surya 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundGastrointestinal symptoms occur with deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) of the rectum.AimsTo explore the medium‐term gastrointestinal functional outcomes after rectal disc resection for endometriosis.MethodsAll women undergoing laparoscopy for stage IV endometriosis at a tertiary referral hospital between November 2016 and January 2018 and had evidence of DIE of the rectum were included. Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score was measured using a validated questionnaire.ResultsThirty‐six women formed the cohort of the study. The mean age was 37 years (range 20–72 years). All women underwent a laparoscopic anterior rectal disc resection for DIE. The response rate was 100%. There was an increase in the percentage of patients having no LARS postoperatively compared to preoperatively (an increase of 78–83%). There was a reduction in LARS scores postoperatively observed in 18 patients (50%) and the prevalence of major LARS decreased postoperatively from 10% to 1%. Comparison of individual symptoms revealed a significant improvement in postoperative stool frequency scores (P = 0.02). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression analysis demonstrated that reduction in postoperative stool frequency scores remained an independent factor (P = 0.008).ConclusionRectal disc resection is feasible and safe, achieving observable improvements in stool frequency in patients with rectal DIE.
Impact of antenatal corticosteroids on head circumference of full‐term newborns: A French multicenter cohort study
Authors: Diguisto Caroline , Arthuis Chloé , Couderchet Judith , Morgan Andrei S. , Perrotin Franck , Rivière Olivier , Vendittelli Françoise 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionOur main objective was to evaluate whether antenatal corticosteroids increase the risk of small head circumference in children born at term. Secondary objectives were to evaluate whether they increase the risk of small birthweight and birth length among those children.Material and methodsA historical cohort included 275 270 live term born children between 2000 and 2013 in 175 French maternity units. The rate of head circumference below the 5th percentile among children born at term and exposed to antenatal corticosteroids was compared with that of two unexposed groups: those children born at term whose mothers had an episode of threatened preterm labor without corticosteroids and those whose mothers had neither threatened preterm labor nor corticosteroids. The association between this treatment and head circumference was evaluated by calculating adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The main outcome measure was a head circumference below the 5th percentile at birth, adjusted for sex, and gestational age according to the Pediatric, Obstetrics, and Gynecology Electronic Records Users Association (AUDIPOG) curves. Secondary outcomes were birthweight and birth length below the 5th percentile.ResultsThe rate of head circumference below the 5th percentile was 5.8% (n = 3388) among children exposed to antenatal corticosteroids and 4.3% (n = 7077) and 4.6% (n = 198 462), respectively, for the two unexposed groups. After adjustment, the risk of having a head circumference below the 5th percentile did not differ between the exposed group and the two control groups (aRR 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97‐1.69] and aRR 0.91, 95% CI 0.74‐1.13). We did not find an association between antenatal corticosteroids and the rate of birthweight below the 5th percentile. Children exposed to antenatal corticosteroids had a higher risk of a birth length below the 5th percentile when compared with those not exposed to threatened preterm labor or corticosteroids.ConclusionsWe found no association between antenatal corticosteroids and increased risk of head circumference below the 5th percentile in children born at term.
Dietary antioxidants are associated with presence of intra‐ and sub‐retinal fluid in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration after 1 year
Authors: Dharamdasani Detaram Harshil , Liew Gerald , Russell Joanna , Vu Kim Van , Burlutsky George , Mitchell Paul , Gopinath Bamini 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeTo assess whether dietary intake of antioxidants, fruits, vegetables and fish is associated with 12‐month treatment outcomes in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients.MethodsA total of 547 participants were diagnosed with nAMD at baseline, of whom 494 were followed up after 12 months of antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Dietary intakes were determined using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Presence of intra‐retinal and sub‐retinal fluid (IRF, SRF), pigment epithelial detachment (PED) and central macular thickness (CMT) were recorded from optical coherence tomography images. Best‐corrected visual acuity was recorded using log of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) charts.ResultsParticipants in the upper three quartiles combined compared to those in the first quartile of baseline dietary zinc intake had 49% reduced odds of SRF 12 months later, multivariable‐adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.51 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30‐0.89]. The upper three quartiles combined compared to the first quartile of β‐carotene intake had 90% greater odds of IRF presence at 12‐month follow‐up, multivariable‐adjusted OR 1.90 (95% CI 1.04‐3.46). The highest versus lowest quartile of dietary β‐carotene intake had a nearly twofold greater odds of PED presence, multivariable‐adjusted OR 1.99 (95% CI 1.03‐3.84).ConclusionA higher intake of dietary zinc was associated with a reduced likelihood of SRF at 1 year. Conversely, a higher intake of dietary β‐carotene was associated with an increased risk of IRF and PED. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing nutritional advice for nAMD patients presenting for treatment.
Editorial: a clinical decision tool to identify patients who might benefit most from intensified dosing in the biological era—getting nearer?
Authors: Verstockt Bram , Ferrante Marc 
Published: March 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Dulai et al and Dulai papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15609 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15671.
Editorial: glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for the treatment of hepatitis C virus—do baseline resistance‐associated substitutions matter? Authors' reply
Authors: Singh Achintya D. , Kumar Ramesh , Shalimar  
Published: March 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Singh et al and Kwong and Kwo papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15633 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15656.
The manipulative business and society
Authors: Kulik Brian W. , Alarcon Michelle , Salimath Manjula S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe extend the theory of secular business cults (SBCs) to manipulative businesses (MBs), which we define as a financially‐successful type of reformed SBC, and explain their influence on industry, government, and social environments. Prior work on irresponsible, illegally‐behaving, and anti‐social SBCs suggests that they arise when antisocial business leaders are left unconstrained. This article examines the other side of this argument: What emerges from the 'toxic triangle' when such leaders are constrained by legal limits? We posit that pressure from lawsuits leads to the metamorphosis of an SBC into an MB that retains the intent and "formula of success" of the SBC. In both business types (SBCs and MBs), the underlying process involves the unethical manipulation of the employee's commitment, and the buyer's interest, through established policies and business models for higher profits. We further explain how the profit‐seeking anti‐social business leaders who find success in the toxic triangle lead to the emergence of manipulative policies and practices in businesses, legal systems, and industries (the “iron triangle”), and eventually influences general societal norms.