bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of rapid recruitment and dissemination on Covid-19 mortality: the RECOVERY trial
Authors: Knowlson Catherine , Torgerson David J. 
Published: December 2020

The RECOVERY trial is a large multi-armed, adaptive randomised controlled trial of treatments for Covid-19. It has rapidly recruited and demonstrated that hydroxychloroquine is ineffective in reducing mortality for hospitalised patients, whilst dexamethasone significantly reduces mortality among those patients using supplemental oxygen or on a ventilator. We estimate that the speed of recruitment and dissemination has probably decreased mortality in the UK by at least 200 hospitalised patients in the first month since the British Prime Minister announced the results. Despite its impressive speed, the trial only recruited about 10-15% of eligible patients, with recruitment rates ranging between 3% to 80% at participating hospitals. Had the trial recruited 50% of the eligible patients then our analysis suggests that more than 2,000 additional lives could have been saved. In a pandemic, rapid recruitment with high centre recruitment is absolutely essential to reduce deaths. Methods of improving site specific recruitment rates need investigating urgently.
Chlorpyrifos and other pesticide exposure and suspected developmental delay in children aged under 5 years: a case-control study in Phitsanulok, Thailand
Authors: Juntarawijit Yuwayong , Chaichanawirote Uraiwan , Rakmeesri Paphada , Chairattanasakda Punaphop , Pumyim Varintorn , Juntarawijit Chudchawal 
Published: December 2020

Background: Developmental delay among children under 5 years of age is a serious global public health problem and much research has been carried out to find potential causes. Pesticides - especially organophosphates - are suspected to be one of the main causes of the problem. This study aimed to investigate the association between pesticide use by the mother during pregnancy and preschool children development using a case-control study.Methods: Data on prenatal and postnatal pesticide exposure of 442 children with suspected developmental delay, and 413 controls with normal development were included for analysis. The children were matched for gender, age, and residency. Data on pesticide exposure were collected via interview with the mother, and data on pregnancy outcomes abstracted from hospital records. Results: Chlorpyrifos exposure significantly increased the risk of developmental delay with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.71 (95% CI 1.03-13.36) for ever use of the pesticide, and an OR of 5.92 (95% CI 1.01-34.68) for postnatal exposure (p <0.05). Some other pesticides also had a positive association with developmental delay but none were statistically significant (p <0.05). Those pesticides were insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, and molluscicide. Individual pesticides with a positive association were glyphosate, paraquat, butachlor, methyl parathion (pholidon), savin, methomyl, endosulfan, carbosulfan, methamidophos, monochrotofos, mancozeb, and bordeaumixture.Conclusions: This case-control study found that chlorpyrifos and some other pesticide exposure during pregnancy was positively associated with developmental delay in children aged under 5 years. Further research should be conducted to better understand this potential effect of pesticides on child neurodevelopment, and the public - especially those who plan to have families - should be informed.
Multicomponent gas detection technology of FDM and TDM based on photoacoustic spectroscopy
Authors: Yu Yuanfang , Tian Cunwei , Wang Zongliang , Qian Siyu , Yan Cunying , Zhang Hao 
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a multicomponent gas detection system based on photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is proposed with a combination of frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM), combining a resonance photoacoustic cell and broadband microphone. A PAS gas cell with a wide frequency response bandwidth was used to achieve the FDM by selecting a specific modulation frequency of each component gas. The sawtooth wave driver current of each laser was output at a constant time interval for achieving the TDM. Compared with the laser channel control using a photoswitch, the driver current control was a simpler and more convenient means to implement TDM. The four gas components of methane (

C
H

4

), water (

H

2

O

) vapor, carbon dioxide (

C
O

2

), and acetylene (

C

2

H

2

) were selected as sample gases for testing the feasibility of the method. The experimental results showed that the gas detection limits of

C
H

4

,

H

2

O

vapor,

C
O

2

, and

C

2

H

2

were 75.435, 2.502, 341.960, and 4.284 ppm, respectively. In addition, the linear fittings of gas concentration were 0.99386, 0.99772, 0.98995, and 0.98955, respectively.
Online Y-chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD) for U.S. Populations
Authors: Kayser M , Brauer S , Willuweit S , Schädlich H , Batzer MA , Zawacki J , Prinz M , Roewer L , Stoneking M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We describe here an online Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat haplotype reference database (YHRD) for U.S. populations, which represents 9-locus Y-STR haplotypes for 1705 African-Americans, European-Americans and Hispanics as of October 2001. This database is available online (http://www.ystr. org/usa/), free to access and was generated in order to supply the U.S. forensic DNA community with a valuable resource for frequencies of complete or incomplete 9-locus Y-STR haplotypes, as well as information about typing protocols and population genetic analyses. Pairwise RST-statistics derived from the Y-STR haplotypes indicate no significant substructure among African-American populations from different regions of the U.S., nor (usually) among European-American and Hispanic populations. Thus, pooling of YSTR haplotype data from regional populations within these three major groups is appropriate in order to obtain larger sample sizes. However, pooling of different major populations is generally not recommended due to statistically significant differences between African-American populations and all European-American / Hispanic populations, as well as between some European-American and Hispanic populations.
Mitochondrial Dna and Str Typing of Matter Adhering to an Earphone
Authors: Seo Y , Uchiyama T , Matsuda H , Shimizu K , Takami Y , Nakayama T , Takahama K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
STR typing and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing were performed on the matter adhering to an earphone found at a crime scene. Experimental studies were carried out using the earphones provided by volunteers. By means of immunohistochemistry, keratinocytes and a portion of nucleated epithelial cells were proven to exist in the contents from the earphones. DNA was extracted by means of the phenol/chloroform method, and the low quantity of extracted DNA was found to be highly degraded. Six STR loci, CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, F13A01, FESFPS and vWA, were PCR amplified and typed by using two triplex systems (CTT and FFv Multiplexes, Promega, WI), and an amelogenin locus was determined as well. Although partial profiles were observed in some experimental samples, all STR loci could be typed when a considerable amount of high molecular weight DNA was obtained (_0.5 ng/_L). Amplification and sequencing of mtDNA hypervariable region I (15997-16401) and hypervariable region II (29-408) were all successful. The mitochondrial DNA sequence of the actual case sample, comprising two hypervariable regions and a total of 785 base pairs, showed eight mutations and two insertions with respect to the standard published reference sequence. The genotype was unique in the three published Japanese databases. These results suggest that it is possible to analyze mtDNA from minute amounts of materials and from degraded materials more effectively and routinely in forensic practice.
Screen-Printing Ink Transfer in a Sexual Assault Case
Authors: Amick JF , Beheim CW 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Yellow plastic-like particles were discovered on the clothing and body of a sexual assault victim. These particles were later associated to an athletic jersey with flaking yellow screenprinted numbers and letters, worn by the suspect. Depending on its intended substrate, screen-print ink can vary in color and composition. Particles dislodged from screen-printed garments may exhibit fabric impressions. Screen-printed clothing, commonly encountered in forensic casework, should be viewed as a potential source of trace evidence.
Identification of Tiny and Thin Smears of Automotive Paint Following a Traffic Accident
Authors: Giang Y-S , Wang S-M , Cho L-L , Yang C-K , Lu C-C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Three complementary methods in the order of stereomicroscopy,micro-FT-IR spectroscopy and solubility tests were used for the purpose of matching known and questioned paint samples in an auto accident case. Grayish green paint smears scattered on a silvery gray coated plastic bar were taken from a blue car and referred to as questioned samples. Green paint chips were collected as known samples from a green car. These were analyzed to determine whether the paint smears found in the blue car could have been the transfers from the green car. Although each of the three methods, when used alone, suffered from unequal bases for making comparison (i.e., layering whole paint vs. smeared paint), insufficient specificity of methodology and the interfering background coating beneath the smeared paint, the limitations were significantly relieved when three methods were used in combination. Based on the results presented in this report, the questioned grayish green paint smears collected from the blue car and the known green paint chips from the green car are of the same class of paint; that is, the possibility of the above stated paint transfers cannot be eliminated.
Post-cremation Taphonomy and Artifact Preservation
Authors: Warren MW , Schultz JJ 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Contemporary commercial cremation is a reductive taphonomic process that represents one of the most extreme examples of postmortem human alteration of bone. The thorough reduction and fragmentation of cremated human remains often leaves little biological evidence of diagnostic value. Instead, non-osseous artifacts often provide the best evidence of the origin of the cremated remains, the identity of the decedent, and commingling of the remains of more than one individual. Once human remains have been cremated they are most commonly placed into a processor and reduced into small fragments and fine ash suitable for inurnment or scattering. The type of processor determines the size and utility of the particulates and artifacts available for analysis. The newest type of processors have changed the manner and degree of postmortem bone modification and altered the preservation of diagnostic bone fragments and cremation artifacts. This paper addresses the impact of the newest cremation procedures on forensic analysis of cremated remains.
Allele Frequencies for Three STR Loci RT24, RT09, and BM1225 in Northern New England White-tailed Deer
Authors: Smith PF , DenDanto D , Smith KT , Palman D , Kornfield I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Muscle samples (~1 cm3) were obtained from harvested animals in four distinct locations in each state (total sample size = 362). Maine samples were collected during the 1998 deer hunting season (November 1–31, 1998), New Hampshire samples were collected during the 1999 hunt (November 13–19, 1999), and Vermont samples were collected during the 1999 hunt (November 13–19, 1999). DNA was extracted using the QIAmp™ tissue kit (Quiagen, Valencia, CA) as per the manufacturer's instructions (1). One to two µL of extracted DNA was used in a 25 µL multiplex PCR reaction containing 10 mM KCl, 20 mM Tris pH 9.5, 10 mM (NH4)2SO4, 1 mM MgCl, 4 mM dNTP's (Promega, Madison, WI), 0.75 units of Taq DNA Polymerase (GibcoBRL, Grand Island, NY), and 0.3 µM of each primer (Operon, Almeda, CA). Three STR loci were examined: BM1225 [(2), primers: BM1225f ttt ctc aac aga ggt gtc cac BM1225r acc cct atc acc atg ctc tg], RT09 [(3), primers: RT9f tga agt tta att tcc act ct, RT9r cag tca ctt tca tcc cac at] and RT24 [(3), primers: RT24f tgt atc cat ctg gaa gat ttc ag, RT24r cag ttt aac cag tcc tct gtg]. PCR was performed in a HYBAid OMN-E Personal Thermal Cycler™ (HYBAid, Middlesex, UK) for 30 cycles (94°C, 30s; 54°C, 45 s; 70°C, 2 min) and a final extension (72°C, 10 min). PCR products were electrophoresed and analyzed with an ABI 377™ automated DNA sequencer as per the manufacturer's instructions (Applied Biosystems International, Foster City, CA). Electropherograms were interpreted using Genescan™ (ver. 3.1) and Genotyper™ (ver. 2.1) software (Applied Biosystems International, Foster City, CA). Allele frequencies and heterozygosities were calculated with Genepop (ver. 3.1c) (4) and Hardy Weinberg tests were performed with GDA (ver. 1.0d16c) (5).
Review of: Contrast: An Investigator's Basic Reference Guide to Fingerprint Identification Concepts
Authors: Sinke MJ 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This book was written as a guidebook to illustrate the basic concepts involved in the science of fingerprints and fingerprint identification and, according to the author, is intended for new and experienced crime scene investigators, patrol officers, attorneys, and students "who seek to add fingerprint identification to their investigative skills." The guidebook is meant to give a general background in fingerprint concepts and the reader should not view himself or herself as proficient in fingerprint identification after reading this book. As the author points out in the introduction, "On the average, it takes about 5 years of training and fieldwork to be considered a proficient and experienced fingerprint specialist." At the very least, a fingerprint identification expert should successfully complete a two to three year training program in all facets of fingerprints at a qualified training laboratory under the guidance of court recognized experts to be considered an expert in latent prints. The author correctly points out that becoming proficient in the area of fingerprints is basically a learned experience from on-the-job training, but that the basis for fingerprint identification and advances in processing techniques makes it desirable to have knowledge in scientific disciplines.
Review of: Digital Analysis of Bite Mark Evidence Using Adobe® Photoshop®
Authors: Kenney JP 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The use of digitization and computer analysis in many areas of forensic science is "cutting edge." The same is true of bite mark analysis. The authors have taken what to many of us is a confusing and technically complex procedure and reduced it to a straightforward and simple technique. Adobe ® Photoshop ® can be a daunting program to learn, and incorporating the necessary safeguards and logging of steps used to get to the end work product would take many hours of study by the average odontologist. This spiral bound text, which includes a 3.5diskette with a sample case, makes the learning curve quite reasonable. The spiral binding also allows it to be easily used as a workbook. I might add that these techniques could very well find wide use in the criminalistics/pathology/anthropology communities, particularly, in tool mark/patterned injury analysis, much as the ABFO #2 photo scale has found wide use throughout the forensic sciences worldwide for documenting evidence.
The Effect of 1,2-Indanedione, a Latent Fingerprint Reagent on Subsequent DNA Profiling
Authors: Azoury M , Zamir A , Oz C , Wiesner S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The compound 1,2-indanedione was recently introduced in our laboratory as an operational reagent for developing latent fingerprints on porous surfaces. As part of the reagent implementation, a study was carried out in order to determine whether either of the two operational 1,2-indanediones formulations interferes with further DNA profiling. Both formulations are based on HFE7100 solvent. One is acidic and the other neutral. In a controlled experiment, known donors attached stamps to envelopes by licking them. The stamped envelopes were initially treated with either one indanedione formulation or the other, and DNA was then extracted for STR typing. No differences were observed between the STR profiles obtained from treated and untreated stamps and envelopes, indicating that 1,2-indanedione does not adversely affect the extraction and subsequent amplification of the STRs examined. However, preliminary results indicate that potential DNA analysis depends on the time interval between the indanedione treatment and DNA extraction as no DNA can be recovered six days following treatment. For this reason, it is strongly recommended to extract DNA from treated items of evidence as soon as possible after indanedione treatment.
Use of a Y Chromosome Probe as an Aid in the Forensic Proof of Sexual Assault
Authors: Dziegelewski M , Simich JP , Rittenhouse-Olson K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Currently, the most common procedures for the forensic identification of semen that may be present due to a sexual assault include the microscopic identification of spermatozoa, acid phosphatase activity, or the detection of PSA. However, not all cases of sexual assault result in the deposit of semen. Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) has been found to be a very sensitive and specific method for detection of the Y chromosome from male cells. This study was undertaken to demonstrate the presence of epithelial cells of male origin in the postcoital vaginal tract using a commercially available probe. Results identified Y chromosome in intact epithelial cells on postcoital Days 1 through 4, and on Day 7. Additionally, Y chromosome positive epithelial cells were identified in vaginal swabs obtained following intercourse with no ejaculation. The method developed in this study demonstrates that FISH is a sensitive method for the identification of the presence of male epithelial cells in the postcoital vagina.
The Death of Adolf Hitler—Forensic Aspects
Authors: Marchetti D , Boschi I , Polacco M , Rainio J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The death of Adolf Hitler is one of the unsolved mysteries of the twentieth century. Numerous historians and journalists have attempted to piece together the details, but despite the interest in the forensic literature regarding the identification of the body, there has not been much scientific debate about the alleged cause of death—cyanide poisoning, gunshot injury, or both. The available literature concerning Hitler's cause of death is incomplete because the toxicological analysis has not been performed and because the skull bone fragment with a gunshot wound possibly from Hitler's corpse has not been properly examined. This has given basis for various theories, which are reviewed. We believe that mtDNA analysis of the skull fragments and of Hitler's jaw, now filed in Moscow, and samples from maternal relatives of Hitler are crucial linking the skull fragment with the gunshot wound to Hitler.
Quality of Refrigerated Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Slices under Vacuum and Modified Atmosphere Packaging
Authors: Karim Md. Abdul , Rahman Masudur , Alice Esmout Jahan , Amanullah Md. , Hossain Md. Akhtar , Islam Md. Tariqul 
Published: December 2020

In order to develop a proper packaging system for sliced tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus), the biochemical and microbiological qualities under control (unsealed package), vacuum package and modified atmosphere packaging with 50% CO2/50% N2 (MAP-1) and 50% CO2/50% O2 (MAP-2) were evaluated every three days during 18 days of chilled storage (4±1°C). The pH value was not significantly different (p > 0.05) by treatments until day 9, but significantly lower values (p < 0.05) were observed on day 12 of the storage in all treated samples compared to the control. The total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) value progressively increased, but not significantly different (p > 0.05) in all treatments during the entire storage period. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) amounts were significantly lower (p < 0.05) on day 12 in the vacuum and MAP-1 samples compared to the control sample, and were significantly higher (p < 0.05) on day 6, 9, and 12 of the storage period in MAP-2 samples compared to the control, vacuum and MAP-1 samples. The amounts of pH, TVB-N, and TBARS in all samples did not exceed the acceptable limit in almost the entire storage. The total viable count (TVC) progressively increased with storage time. Nevertheless, TVC values were lower (p < 0.05) on day 6, 9, and 12 of the storage periods in all treatments compared to the control. The TVCs exceeded the acceptable limit (7 log CFU/g) on days 6-9 for control, 9-12 for vacuum, day 12 for MAP-2, and 15 for MAP-1 sample during the storage period. Therefore, the MAP has shown promising results for shelf life extension that can be practiced to display the fishery products with prolonged shelf life.
Introduction pages
Authors: SESTRAS Radu E. 
Published: December 2020

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca (NBHA): The papers published in Issue 4, Volume 48, 2020 represent new exciting researches in different topics of life science, respectively in plant science, horticulture, agronomy and crop science. Among the interesting articles we invite you to find news about: Exploring Artemisia annua L., artemisinin and its derivatives, from traditional Chinese wonder medicinal science; A critical review on the improvement of drought stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.); Plantation forestry in Malaysia: an evaluation of its successes and failures since the 1970; Transcriptome analysis to identify genes involved in lignan, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis in medicinal plant Kadsura heteroclite; Molecular cloning and characterization of a lipoxygenase gene (CsLOX1) from cucumber; Genetic relationship of mungbean and blackgram genotypes based on agronomic and photosynthetic performance and SRAP markers; Callogenesis optimization of some globe artichoke [Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori] cultivars based on in vivo and in vitro leaf explants; Chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Tunisian, France and Austrian Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae) essential oils etc. The new Impact Factor communicated by ISI Clarivate, June 29, 2020, is IF 2019 = 1.168 (position 149 of 234 journals, Q3 in Plant Sciences). New metrics in Scopus – Elsevier (June 22, 2020): CiteScore 1.40 (#43/84 in Horticulture); SJR 0.35 - Q2, #41/90 in Horticulture (SJR Scimago Journal).
Current problems of the institute of extradition in modern criminal proceedings Russian Federation
Authors: Matveev S. V. , Kolotova S. M. 
Published: December 2020

The Institute of extradition is one of the most important areas of international cooperation in the fight against crime, since this tool ensures the achievement of the fundamental principles of the criminal process, which include: the restoration of the rights of the victim violated by the crime, the application of fair punishment to the criminal, despite the differences in the legal regulation of this issue in the jurisdiction of different States. However, should the legal regulation currently, this institution does not have, and therefore the activities of law enforcement agencies in this part cause certain difficulties.The article analyzes some features of the legal regulation of the institution of extradition in the criminal process of the Russian Federation, identifies current problems of theory and practice of application. In addition, the author suggests ways to solve the problems of legal regulation of this institution. Attention is focused on the need to make changes not only to the legislative framework, but also to modernize the extradition mechanism itself. In addition, the current issues that arise in the course of the extradition procedure, both at the request of the Russian Federation and foreign States, are considered.