bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing the evolutionary history of nitrogenases: Evidence for ancestral molybdenum‐cofactor utilization
Authors: Garcia Amanda K. , McShea Hanon , Kolaczkowski Bryan , Kaçar Betül 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe nitrogenase metalloenzyme family, essential for supplying fixed nitrogen to the biosphere, is one of life's key biogeochemical innovations. The three forms of nitrogenase differ in their metal dependence, each binding either a FeMo‐, FeV‐, or FeFe‐cofactor where the reduction of dinitrogen takes place. The history of nitrogenase metal dependence has been of particular interest due to the possible implication that ancient marine metal availabilities have significantly constrained nitrogenase evolution over geologic time. Here, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of nitrogenases, and combined phylogenetic reconstruction, ancestral sequence inference, and structural homology modeling to evaluate the potential metal dependence of ancient nitrogenases. We find that active‐site sequence features can reliably distinguish extant Mo‐nitrogenases from V‐ and Fe‐nitrogenases and that inferred ancestral sequences at the deepest nodes of the phylogeny suggest these ancient proteins most resemble modern Mo‐nitrogenases. Taxa representing early‐branching nitrogenase lineages lack one or more biosynthetic nifE and nifN genes that both contribute to the assembly of the FeMo‐cofactor in studied organisms, suggesting that early Mo‐nitrogenases may have utilized an alternate and/or simplified pathway for cofactor biosynthesis. Our results underscore the profound impacts that protein‐level innovations likely had on shaping global biogeochemical cycles throughout the Precambrian, in contrast to organism‐level innovations that characterize the Phanerozoic Eon.
Neuromelanin Locus Coeruleus MRI Contrast in Migraine With Aura
Authors: Gollion Cédric , Arribarat Germain , Ruidavets Jean‐Bernard , Fabre Nelly , Barège Michèle , Bonneville Fabrice , Larrue Vincent , Peran Patrice 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionThe locus coeruleus (LC) is one of the brainstem nuclei that may be activated during migraine attack. As LC contains neuromelanin, a by‐product of norepinephrine synthesis, it can be delineated in vivo using neuromelanin sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The neuromelanin content in LC has been suggested to reflect previous LC activation. We investigated LC MRI contrast in patients with migraine with aura (MWA) and its correlation with migraine features.MethodsThis matched cohort study compared 23 MWA patients aged 30‐55 and without comorbidity, to 23 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls. The study was conducted in a University Hospital. LC contrast was measured with T1 neuromelanin‐sensitive‐weighted 3T MRI. Voxels were manually selected by 2 independent researchers and comparison was made twice using intersection and union of the voxels selected by the 2 observers.ResultsNo difference was found in neuromelanin LC contrast between MWA patients and controls with both the INTER method (0.224 ± 0.042 vs 0.228 ± 0.048; difference: 0.0001 (95%CI: −0.032 to 0.026), P = .799) and UNION method (0.218 ± 0.043 vs 0.222 ± 0.047; difference: −0.0012 (95%CI: −0.031 to 0.026), P = .775). Global LC volume was also similar between the 2 groups with INTER method (15.087 ± 3.965 vs 13.739 ± 3.583; difference: 2 (95%CI: −1 to 4), P = .233) and UNION method (17.522 ± 4.440 vs 16.087 ± 4.274; difference: 1 (95%CI: −2 to 4), P = .270). Moreover, no correlations were found between neuromelanin LC contrast and migraine features (duration of migraine and frequency of attacks).ConclusionThese negative findings do not support the use of neuromelanin LC contrast as a biomarker of MA.
Assessing the Imprint of the Long‐gone Hapsburg Empire's Border on the Romanian Students' Migration Intentions
Authors: Plopeanu Aurelian-Petrus , Homocianu Daniel , Bodea Gabriela , Crisan Emil Lucian , Mihaila Alin Adrian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article aims to identify if belonging to one side or another of the former Hapsburg Empire's border matters in relation to migration intentions. Based on a survey of 3,051 students enrolled at three Romanian universities, and using geo‐referencing, data mining tools, logistic regressions and prediction nomograms, we found that students who have their homes in different parts, depending on this historical border, manifest different sensitivity levels towards recognition of their own value and the poor quality of public institutions and services, as they have different perceptions concerning the role of individual freedom, parental role models, the work ethic and interpersonal trust. These differences further generate opposite migration intentions for the two sub‐samples. Therefore, students who have their homes in the former Empire's area have lower migration intentions than those outside it, despite their proximity to the western borders. The results suggest various economic and non‐economic determinants as important predictors of migration intentions.
Anisotropic structure of alkali metaphosphate glasses
Authors: Inaba Seiji , Benino Yasuhiko , Kohara Shinji , Hosono Hideo , Ito Setsuro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOrientation anisotropy, which is well known in organic polymers with appropriate network structures, is less common in oxide glasses. We present the intermediate‐range order in anisotropic alkali metaphosphate glass which consists of oriented PO4 tetrahedral chains and intervening alkali cations along the elongation direction. The X‐ray total structure factor S(Q) indicates that the inter‐chain spacing depends on the size of alkali cations and varies from 5.03 to 6.28 Å. The mixed alkali effect is primarily related to an increase of the separation. The total correlation function T(r) provides the first definite evidence that the anisotropic structure is composed of phosphorus‐bridging oxygen bonds (P–OB) lying along the elongation direction and phosphorus‐non‐bridging oxygen bonds (P–OT) oriented perpendicular to the elongation direction. The present result unveils fundamental aspects of the anisotropic structure of an oxide glass and provides essential information for the development of oxide glasses to control structural anisotropy.
Positron emission tomography absolute stress myocardial blood flow for risk stratification in nonischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Middour Thomas G. , Rosenthal Todd M. , Abi‐Samra Freddy M. , Bernard Michael L. , Khatib Sammy , Polin Glenn M. , Rogers Paul A. , Bober Robert M. , Morin Daniel P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionSudden cardiac death is a substantial cause of mortality in patients with cardiomyopathy, but evidence supporting implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) implantation is less robust in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) than in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Improved risk stratification is needed. We assessed whether absolute quantification of stress myocardial blood flow (sMBF) measured by positron emission tomography (PET) predicts ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and/or death in patients with NICM.MethodsIn this pilot study, we prospectively followed patients with NICM (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35%) and an ICD who underwent cardiac PET stress imaging with sMBF quantification. NICM was defined as the absence of angiographic obstructive coronary stenosis, significant relative perfusion defects on imaging, coronary revascularization, or acute coronary syndrome. Endpoints were appropriate device therapy for VA and all‐cause mortality. Subgroup analysis was performed in patients who had no prior history of VA (ie, the primary prevention population).ResultsWe followed 37 patients (60 ± 14 years, 46% male) for 41 ± 23 months. The median sMBF was 1.56 mL/g/min (interquartile range: 1.00‐1.82). Lower sMBF predicted VA, both in the whole population (hazard ratio [HR] for each 0.1 mL/g/min increase: 0.84, P = .015) and in the primary prevention subset (n = 27; HR for each 0.1 mL/g/min increase: 0.81, P = .049). Patients with sMBF below the median had significantly more VA than those above the median, both in the whole population (P = .004) and in the primary prevention subset (P = .046). Estimated 3‐year VA rates in the whole population were 67% among low‐flow patients vs 13% among high‐flow patients, and 39% vs 8%, respectively, among primary‐prevention patients. sMBF did not predict all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsIn patients with NICM, lower sMBF predicts VA. This relationship may be useful for risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmia and decision making regarding ICD implantation.
The role of atrial sensing for new‐onset atrial arrhythmias diagnosis and management in single‐chamber implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator recipients: Results from the THINGS registry
Authors: Biffi Mauro , Iori Matteo , De Maria Elia , Bolognesi Maria Giulia , Placci Angelo , Calvi Valeria , Allocca Giuseppe , Ammendola Ernesto , Carinci Valeria , Boggian Giulio , Saporito Davide , Grassini Diego , Giacopelli Daniele , Statuto Giovanni , Ziacchi Matteo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionAtrial tachycardia/fibrillation (AT/AF) episodes are common in implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) recipients and can be undetected by standard single‐chamber devices. This study aims to explore whether a single‐lead ICD with an atrial dipole (ICD DX; BIOTRONIK SE & Co, Berlin, Germany) could improve the AT/AF diagnosis and management as compared to standard ICD (ICD VR).Methods and ResultsWe selected patients without AT/AF history from the THINGS registry which included consecutive patients implanted with ICD for standard indications. The ICD VR and the ICD DX groups included 236 (62.8%) and 140 (37.2%) patients, respectively, and had no significant differences in baseline characteristics. During a median follow‐up of 27 months, there were 7 AT/AF diagnoses in the ICD VR and 18 in the ICD DX group. The 2‐year incidence of AT/AF diagnosis was 3.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6%‐9.6%) for the ICD VR and 11.4% (95% CI: 6.8%‐18.9%) for the ICD DX group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 3.85 [95% CI: 1.58‐9.41]; P = .003). Initiation of oral anticoagulation (OAC) due to AT/AF diagnosis was reported in 15 patients. The 2‐year incidence of OAC onset was 3.6% (95% CI: 1.6%‐7.8%) for the ICD VR and 6.3% (95% CI: 3.0%‐12.7%) for ICD DX group (adjusted HR: 1.99 [95% CI: 0.72‐5.56]; P = .184).ConclusionWe observed that atrial sensing capability in single‐chamber ICD patients without evidence of atrial arrhythmias at implant is associated with a greater likelihood of detecting AT/AF episodes. The management of these diagnosed arrhythmias often led to clinical interventions, mainly represented by initiation of OAC therapy.
Sanguinarine disrupts the colocalization and interaction of HIF‐1α with tyrosine and serine phosphorylated‐STAT3 in breast cancer
Authors: Su Qi , Wang Jingjing , Fan Mengying , Ghauri Mohsin Ahmad , Ullah Asmat , Wang Bo , Dai Bingling , Zhan Yingzhuan , Zhang Dongdong , Zhang Yanmin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is one leading cause of death in females, especially triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Hypoxia is a key feature leading to tumour progression driven by hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α. The aim is to investigate the mechanism of HIF‐1α and signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (STAT3) interaction and discover a compound to disrupt the interaction in breast cancer cells. The regulation pattern of HIF‐1α and STAT3 was analysed in hypoxic TNBC cells and patient samples. The effects of a natural alkaloid, sanguinarine, on HIF‐1α and STAT3 colocalization and interaction were evaluated in vitro and mouse xenograft models. We observed strong colocalization of HIF‐1α, p‐STAT3‐Tyr and p‐STAT3‐Ser in TNBC patient samples. Sanguinarine could inhibit the nuclear colocalization and interaction of HIF‐1α with p‐STAT3‐Tyr and p‐STAT3‐Ser in vivo and in vitro. Our results may bring insights to the HIF‐1α/STAT3 interaction in breast cancers and suggest sanguinarine as a promising candidate for HIF‐α/STAT3 inhibition.
A role for caveola‐forming proteins caveolin‐1 and CAVIN1 in the pro‐invasive response of glioblastoma to osmotic and hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Pu Wenjun , Qiu Jiawen , Nassar Zeyad D. , Shaw Paul N. , McMahon Kerrie‐Ann , Ferguson Charles , Parton Robert G , Riggins Gregory J. , Harris Jonathan M. , Parat Marie‐Odile 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn solid tumours, elevated interstitial fluid pressure (osmotic and hydrostatic pressure) is a barrier to drug delivery and correlates with poor prognosis. Glioblastoma (GBM) further experience compressive force when growing within a space limited by the skull. Caveolae are proposed to play mechanosensing roles, and caveola‐forming proteins are overexpressed in GBM. We asked whether caveolae mediate the GBM response to osmotic pressure. We evaluated in vitro the influence of spontaneous or experimental down‐regulation of caveola‐forming proteins (caveolin‐1, CAVIN1) on the proteolytic profile and invasiveness of GBM cells in response to osmotic pressure. In response to osmotic pressure, GBM cell lines expressing caveola‐forming proteins up‐regulated plasminogen activator (uPA) and/or matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), some EMT markers and increased their in vitro invasion potential. Down‐regulation of caveola‐forming proteins impaired this response and prevented hyperosmolarity‐induced mRNA expression of the water channel aquaporin 1. CRISPR ablation of caveola‐forming proteins further lowered expression of matrix proteases and EMT markers in response to hydrostatic pressure, as a model of mechanical force. GBM respond to pressure by increasing matrix‐degrading enzyme production, mesenchymal phenotype and invasion. Caveola‐forming proteins mediate, at least in part, the pro‐invasive response of GBM to pressure. This may represent a novel target in GBM treatment.
A Digital Technique to Replicate Edentulous Arches with Functional Borders and Accurate Maxillomandibular Relationship for Digital Complete Denture
Authors: Mai Hang‐Nga , Lee Du‐Hyeong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCorrect functional border impression and jaw registration is a challenge when edentulous arches are directly digitized with an intraoral scanner. This article describes a digital workflow to replicate complete edentulous arches with full functional contour, and position them in the centric relation using an intraoral scanner, existing denture, and three‐dimensional image reversal technique. Based on the reconstructed images, the base and dental parts of the new denture can be designed efficiently and predictably.
Outcome of medical therapy for keratomalacia in dogs
Authors: Guyonnet A. , Desquilbet L. , Faure J. , Bourguet A. , Donzel E. , Chahory S. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical and visual outcomes following intensive medical therapy for keratomalacia in dogs.Materials and MethodsMedical records were screened to identify dogs with corneal ulcers and keratomalacia. All patients were given the same topical treatment protocol with frequent administrations of tobramycin in combination with equine serum. Surgical treatment during the first 15 days of follow‐up was considered as medical treatment failure.ResultsWe report on 57 ulcers with keratomalacia from 53 dogs. Medical treatment was successful in 31 of 57 ulcers with a median healing time of 5 days (range 2 to 15 days). At 60 days after epithelialisation, 14/15 medically‐treated eyes were visual. In one case, corneal perforation was observed 1 month after healing and required surgical stabilisation.Clinical SignificanceIntensive medical therapy has the potential to achieve healing of some ulcers with keratomalacia. Surgical stabilisation in response to progression of stromal loss was required in less than half of the cases.
Identification of the Wzx flippase, Wzy polymerase and sugar‐modifying enzymes for spore coat polysaccharide biosynthesis in Myxococcus xanthus
Authors: Pérez‐Burgos María , García‐Romero Inmaculada , Valvano Miguel A. , Søgaard Andersen Lotte 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe rod‐shaped cells of Myxococcus xanthus, a Gram‐negative deltaproteobacterium, differentiate to environmentally resistant spores upon starvation or chemical stress. The environmental resistance depends on a spore coat polysaccharide that is synthesised by the ExoA‐I proteins, some of which are part of a Wzx/Wzy‐dependent pathway for polysaccharide synthesis and export; however, key components of this pathway have remained unidentified. Here, we identify and characterise two additional loci encoding proteins with homology to enzymes involved in polysaccharide synthesis and export, as well as sugar modification and show that six of the proteins encoded by these loci are essential for the formation of environmentally resistant spores. Our data support that MXAN_3260, renamed ExoM and MXAN_3026, renamed ExoJ, are the Wzx flippase and Wzy polymerase, respectively, responsible for translocation and polymerisation of the repeat unit of the spore coat polysaccharide. Moreover, we provide evidence that three glycosyltransferases (MXAN_3027/ExoK, MXAN_3262/ExoO and MXAN_3263/ExoP) and a polysaccharide deacetylase (MXAN_3259/ExoL) are important for formation of the intact spore coat, while ExoE is the polyisoprenyl‐phosphate hexose‐1‐phosphate transferase responsible for initiating repeat unit synthesis, likely by transferring N‐acetylgalactosamine‐1‐P to undecaprenyl‐phosphate. Together, our data generate a more complete model of the Exo pathway for spore coat polysaccharide biosynthesis and export.
Ecclesial Ethics and the Gospel sine glossa: Sacramental Politics and the Love of the World
Authors: Cavanaugh William T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article examines the charge that the approach D. Stephen Long identifies as “ecclesial ethics” is a world‐denying approach. The article examines typologies that pit world‐affirmers against world‐deniers, showing how “neo‐Augustinians” end up on both sides of this divide, depending on who is constructing the typology. The article argues that these typologies are inaccurate, distorting, and often self‐contradictory. It offers an alternative etiology, making a case that “ecclesial ethics” can be understood as a development of the progressive wing of Catholic thought that surfaced in Vatican II. The article examines Giuseppe Dossetti’s advocacy of a Gospel sine glossa at Vatican II, and argues that this type of ethics has deep roots in a Catholic sacramental theology. Finally, the article examines Henri de Lubac’s work as exemplary of such a sacramental theology. The article concludes that the basis of “ecclesial ethics” is a deeply sacramental view of creation being transformed by the grace of God through Jesus Christ.
Beyond Critique: Just War as Theological Political Theology
Authors: Gregory Eric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article takes up a charge often directed to neo‐Augustinians by neo‐Anabaptists that their defense of just war lacks adequate theological foundations. It is the case that most contemporary just war advocates, even within Christian ethics, no longer embed their accounts within a distinctively theological context, let alone a robust appeal to a doctrine of God or divine providence attentive to the divine One who really entered history, suffered defeat, and conquered death. This development can be seen as a form of self‐denial for the sake of consensus and casuistry. In so doing, however, they confirm the claim of many Christian pacifists that just war reasoning betrays the radical creativity of Christian virtue in the name of some external (often duty‐based) notion of responsibility and retributive justice. My project differs. It taps into resurgent interest in political theology as a way to remedy this neglect at least a little. I focus on two aspects of political theology that bear primarily on the relation of the temporal and the eternal: providence and suffering. They are rooted in fundamental theology, guided by the memory of being grafted as strangers into the God of Israel, the same God who showed compassion for Esau even while blessing Jacob. Just war tradition is an act of compassion rooted in providence and the inevitable suffering faced in history. The point is to re‐theologize a living tradition that generations of the ecumenical church bequeathed to us as an exercise of their Christian imagination within their historical contexts where they took all of history seriously as God’s time. Wary of idolatry, we should strive for more than critique or a disappointing choice between Christendom or Church as the only theological word to the nations.
The Wheat 660K SNP array demonstrates great potential for marker‐assisted selection in polyploid wheat
Authors: Sun Congwei , Dong Zhongdong , Zhao Lei , Ren Yan , Zhang Ning , Chen Feng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe rapid development and application of molecular marker assays have facilitated genomic selection and genome‐wide linkage and association studies in wheat breeding. Although PCR‐based markers (e.g. simple sequence repeats and functional markers) and genotyping by sequencing have contributed greatly to gene discovery and marker‐assisted selection, the release of a more accurate and complete bread wheat reference genome has resulted in the design of single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays based on different densities or application targets. Here, we evaluated seven types of wheat SNP arrays in terms of their SNP number, distribution, density, associated genes, heterozygosity and application. The results suggested that the Wheat 660K SNP array contained the highest percentage (99.05%) of genome‐specific SNPs with reliable physical positions. SNP density analysis indicated that the SNPs were almost evenly distributed across the whole genome. In addition, 229 266 SNPs in the Wheat 660K SNP array were located in 66 834 annotated gene or promoter intervals. The annotated genes revealed by the Wheat 660K SNP array almost covered all genes revealed by the Wheat 35K (97.44%), 55K (99.73%), 90K (86.9%) and 820K (85.3%) SNP arrays. Therefore, the Wheat 660K SNP array could act as a substitute for other 6 arrays and shows promise for a wide range of possible applications. In summary, the Wheat 660K SNP array is reliable and cost‐effective and may be the best choice for targeted genotyping and marker‐assisted selection in wheat genetic improvement.
The Anatomy of the Extensive Margin Labor Supply Response*
Authors: Bastani Spencer , Moberg Ylva , Selin Håkan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe estimate how labor force participation among married women in Sweden responded to changing work incentives implied by a reform in the tax and transfer system in 1997. Using rich, population‐wide, administrative data, we estimate an average participation elasticity of 0.13, thereby adding to the scarce literature estimating participation elasticities using quasi‐experimental methods. We also highlight that estimated extensive margin responses necessarily are local to the observed equilibrium. Among low‐income earners, elasticities are twice as large in the group with the lowest employment level, compared with the group with the highest employment level.