bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic Planning in the Student Assistance Public Policy: A Scenario Analysis at the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) as Support for the Implementation of the National Plan for Student Assistance (PNAES)
Authors: Da Silva Junior Gilmar Sarmento , Dos Santos Paulo Da Cruz Freire 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present study had the purpose of analyzing variables that directly influence the strategic planning of the Pro-Rectory Student (PROEST) of the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) using scenario building management tools. Methodology: The research is exploratory and applied with the use of survey, documentary, bibliographic, questionnaires and interviews with the civil servants, managers and students in a quali-quanti cross-sectional analysis with scenario focusing on the scenario from the SWOT matrix and survey of priority actions from the perspective of the target audience Originality: The application of scenario analysis tools, using the SWOT matrix as a guide and delimiter of the planning of actions to be developed by the UFAL, enables a new perception of the academic unit in relation to problem situations and management focus.Main results: Students in a situation of socioeconomic vulnerability glimpse a greater amount of actions aimed at direct transfer of resources, which is justified due to the difficulties faced daily by these students who use these resources to maintain their activities at the University and in self and family support; on the other hand, the SWOT matrix presents a scenario of offensive weakness where the unit does not have internal organizational capacity related to the totality of PNAES actions. Theoretical Contributions: The adoption of scenario analysis tools enables the integrationbetween planning and operation of the strategic process in the construction of multiannual planning with the use of configurations and awareness of characteristics for effective deliberation, including the best paths after organizational diagnosis analysis.
STAFF TURNOVER IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN THE STATE OF GUANAJUATO, MEXICO
Authors: Caldera González Diana Del Consuelo , Arredondo Hidalgo María Guadalupe , Zárate Negrete Laura Elena 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To identify the main causes of staff turnover in the hotel industry in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. Method: The research is qualitative with descriptive scope and non-experimental design. Semi-structured interviews were applied to 67 hotel staff managers in Guanajuato capital. Relevance: In Mexico, tourism activity is considered an engine for economic development because of its great contribution to the Gross Domestic Product. This activity is characterized by the high employment of human resources involved in the process of providing services, however, in recent years there has been a high level of staff turnover in this industry, so study the causes of this phenomenon is relevant. Results: The main causes of staff turnover in the hotel industry in the state of Guanajuato Mexico are: a) the compensation system; b) recruitment and selection of personnel; and c) the demotivation of employees. Contributions: In addition to diagnosis, some low-cost strategies were designed to attack each of the triggers of staff turnover in this industry.
O acolhimento do imigrante como marco de solidariedade no contexto de graduação em Saúde
Authors: Do Nascimento Luiz Claudio Sobrinho , Kuzma Cesar , Garbelini Maria Cecília Da Lozzo , Prado Maria Rosa Machado , Sanches Leide Da Conceição 
Published: May 2020

A imigração é um fenômeno que traz desafios, tanto para os imigrantes quanto para as sociedades que os acolhem. Este estudo teve como objetivo perceber como o acolhimento dos imigrantes é trabalhado nos cursos de graduação em saúde, pela perspectiva dos discentes. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, no qual foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com vinte e oito (28) discentes de três (3) cursos de graduação em saúde de duas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) da cidade de Curitiba/PR. As informações foram analisadas conforme análise de conteúdo de Bardin, por meio da qual se organizou e categorizou as informações contidas no conteúdo das entrevistas, as quais foram gravadas. Os resultados apontam que, embora não se trabalhe pontualmente com a questão do imigrante em sala de aula, a maioria (90,3%) dos discentes tiveram contato com estes, inevitavelmente, em atividades práticas, seja por meio de atividades de estágio ou internato. Isso deflagra que nem sempre a teoria e a prática estão alinhadas, e, independentemente de cursos de graduação abordarem ou não a questão, os profissionais oriundos destes cursos terão que lidar com esta realidade em algum momento da vida, já que o fluxo migratório faz parte da realidade. As informações obtidas neste estudo permitiram averiguar junto aos discentes a importância de estar discutindo o tema dos imigrantes nas universidades, para o aprimoramento das práticas de acolhimento ao imigrante. Isto proporcionará aos discentes prestar um atendimento humanizado e solidário e um cuidado mais assertivo, além de formar egressos com uma visão humanística em relação aos imigrantes, dentro do contexto de um mundo cada vez mais globalizado.
Concepts, Kinds, and Cognitive Development
Authors: Keil Frank C. 
Published: May 2020

In Concepts, Kinds, and Cognitive Development, Frank C. Keil provides a coherent account of how concepts and word meanings develop in children, adding to our understanding of the representational nature of concepts and word meanings at all ages.
Keil argues that it is impossible to adequately understand the nature of conceptual representation without also considering the issue of learning. Weaving together issues in cognitive development, philosophy, and cognitive psychology, he reconciles numerous theories, backed by empirical evidence from nominal kinds studies, natural-kinds studies, and studies of fundamental categorical distinctions. He shows that all this evidence, when put together, leads to a better understanding of semantic and conceptual development.
The book opens with an analysis of the problems of modeling qualitative changes in conceptual development, investigating how concepts of natural kinds, nominal kinds, and artifacts evolve.
The studies on nominal kinds document a powerful and unambiguous developmental pattern indicating a shift from a reliance on global tabulations of characteristic features to what appears to be a small set of defining ones. The studies on natural kinds document an analogous shift toward a core theory instead of simple definition. Both sets of studies are strongly supported by cross cultural data.
While these patterns seem to suggest that the young child organizes concepts according to characteristic features, Keil argues that there is a framework of conceptual categories and causal beliefs that enables even very young children to understand kinds at a deeper, theoretically guided, level. This account suggests a new way of understanding qualitative change and carries strong implications for how concepts are represented at any point in development.
Bradford Books imprint
Sorting Things Out
Authors: Bowker Geoffrey C. , Star Susan Leigh 
Published: May 2020

A revealing and surprising look at how classification systems can shape both worldviews and social interactions.
What do a seventeenth-century mortality table (whose causes of death include "fainted in a bath," "frighted," and "itch"); the identification of South Africans during apartheid as European, Asian, colored, or black; and the separation of machine- from hand-washables have in common? All are examples of classification—the scaffolding of information infrastructures.
In Sorting Things Out, Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star explore the role of categories and standards in shaping the modern world. In a clear and lively style, they investigate a variety of classification systems, including the International Classification of Diseases, the Nursing Interventions Classification, race classification under apartheid in South Africa, and the classification of viruses and of tuberculosis.
The authors emphasize the role of invisibility in the process by which classification orders human interaction. They examine how categories are made and kept invisible, and how people can change this invisibility when necessary. They also explore systems of classification as part of the built information environment. Much as an urban historian would review highway permits and zoning decisions to tell a city's story, the authors review archives of classification design to understand how decisions have been made. Sorting Things Out has a moral agenda, for each standard and category valorizes some point of view and silences another. Standards and classifications produce advantage or suffering. Jobs are made and lost; some regions benefit at the expense of others. How these choices are made and how we think about that process are at the moral and political core of this work. The book is an important empirical source for understanding the building of information infrastructures.
Multiscale Colloidal Assembly of Silica Nanoparticles into Microspheres with Tunable Mesopores
Authors: Fijneman Andreas J. , Högblom Joakim , Palmlöf Magnus , de With Gijsbertus , Persson Michael , Friedrich Heiner 
Published: May 2020

AbstractColloidal assembly of silica (nano)particles is a powerful method to design functional materials across multiple length scales. Although this method has enabled the fabrication of a wide range of silica‐based materials, attempts to design and synthesize porous materials with a high level of tuneability and control over pore dimensions have remained relatively unsuccessful. Here, the colloidal assembly of silica nanoparticles into mesoporous silica microspheres (MSMs) is reported using a discrete set of silica sols within the confinement of a water‐in‐oil emulsion system. By studying the independent manipulation of different assembly parameters during the sol–gel process, a design strategy is outlined to synthesize MSMs with excellent reproducibility and independent control over pore size and overall porosity, which does not require additional ageing or post‐treatment steps to reach pore sizes as large as 50 nm. The strategy presented here can provide the necessary tools for the microstructural design of the next generation of tailor‐made silica microspheres for use in separation applications and beyond.
A General Guideline for Vertically Resolved Imaging of Manufacturing Defects in Organic Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Karl André , Osvet Andres , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrganic tandem solar cells recently made great improvements with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 15%, making them attractive for further large‐scale production and industrial applications. However, compared to their single‐junction counterparts, the complicated device architectures of organic tandem solar cells strongly restrict their processing and upscaling to larger scales. Therefore, fast and reliable quality control measures are crucial for developing organic tandem photovoltaic technologies towards commercialization. Some of the most widely used means for quality control are luminescence imaging and lock‐in thermography respectively. While effective techniques, they are limited in some respects. For example, determining the lateral position of a defect is easily possible, while the exact resolution in which layer of a thin film stack a defect is located, is challenging. This is particularly the case for tandem cells with complicated multi‐layer cell architectures. This approach to overcome this challenge is the introduction of well‐defined artificial defects into certain layers of an organic tandem cell stack and subsequently performing imaging analysis of the defected cells with several complementary methods. The unique response from cells with artificial defects using different imaging techniques and excitation sources can then be transferred to the imaging of devices with naturally occurring manufacturing defects.
Solution‐Processed, Self‐Powered Broadband CH3NH3PbI3 Photodetectors Driven by Asymmetric Electrodes
Authors: Perumal Veeramalai Chandrasekar , Yang Shengyi , Zhi Ruonan , Sulaman Muhammad , Saleem Muhammad Imran , Cui Yanyan , Tang Yi , Jiang Yurong , Tang Libin , Zou Bingsuo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn general, the fabrication of high‐performance, self‐powered broadband photodetectors based on traditional semiconducting thin films is tedious and costly. Here, in this paper a high‐performance, solution‐processed, and self‐powered CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) nanocrystal based photodetector ITO/MAPbI3/Ag is presented, and it shows broadband photoresponse from the visible to the near‐infrared wavelength region. The pronounced enhanced performance of the photodetector is due to taking the advantage of the built‐in electric field induced by the work function difference of two electrodes. The optimized photodetector shows a responsivity of 4.9 and 1.42 A W−1 with a specific detectivity of 7.6 × 1013 and 1.77 × 1013 Jones under 19 µW cm−2 white light illumination and 26 µW cm−2 808 nm illumination at zero bias, respectively. Therefore, such a concept of simple device geometry and feasible technique will open up a new and promising avenue for the fabrication of self‐powered photodetectors and the development of imaging devices.
Hereditary Character of Photonics Structure in Pachyrhynchus sarcitis Weevils: Color Changes via One Generation Hybridization
Authors: Chang Yin , Ogawa Yu , Jacucci Gianni , Onelli Olimpia D. , Tseng Hui‐Yun , Vignolini Silvia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPachyrhynchus sarcitis weevils are flightless weevils characterized by colored patches of scales on their dark elytra. The vivid colors of such patches result from the reflection of differently oriented 3D photonic crystals within their scales. The results show that hybrid P. sarcitis, the first filial generation of two P. sarcitis populations from Lanyu Island (Taiwan) and Babuyan Island (Philippines), mixes the color of its ancestors by tuning the photonic structure in its scales. A careful spectroscopical and anatomical analysis of the weevils in the phylogeny reveals the hereditary characteristics of the photonic crystals within their scales in terms of lattice constant, orientation and domain size. Monitoring how structural coloration is inherited by offspring highlights the versatility of photonic structures to completely redesign the optical response of living organisms. Such finding sheds light onto the evolution and development mechanisms of structural coloration in Pachyrhynchus weevils and provides inspiration for the design of visual appearance in artificial photonic materials.
Semiconducting Small Molecules as Active Materials for p‐Type Accumulation Mode Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Parr Zachary S. , Rashid Reem B. , Paulsen Bryan D. , Poggi Benjamin , Tan Ellasia , Freeley Mark , Palma Matteo , Abrahams Isaac , Rivnay Jonathan , Nielsen Christian B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA series of semiconducting small molecules with bithiophene or bis‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene cores are designed and synthesized. The molecules display stable reversible oxidation in solution and can be reversibly oxidized in the solid state with aqueous electrolyte when functionalized with polar triethylene glycol side chains. Evidence of promising ion injection properties observed with cyclic voltammetry is complemented by strong electrochromism probed by spectroelectrochemistry. Blending these molecules with high molecular weight polyethylene oxide (PEO) is found to improve both ion injection and thin film stability. The molecules and their corresponding PEO blends are investigated as active layers in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). For the most promising molecule:polymer blend (P4E4:PEO), p‐type accumulation mode OECTs with µA drain currents, μS peak transconductances, and a µC* figure‐of‐merit value of 0.81 F V−1 cm−1 s−1 are obtained.
Past, present, and future of three‐field lymphadenectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer
Authors: Udagawa Harushi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn spite of repeated appeal of the effectiveness of three‐field lymphadenectomy (3FL) by Japanese esophageal surgeons, it has not been accepted worldwide as a standard therapeutic measure for thoracic esophageal cancer. In this review, a concise summary of the history of 3FL, its present position, and its future perspective is discussed. Although a lack of randomized controlled trial (RCT) is one of the largest criticisms of 3FL, it seems difficult to make 3FL world‐standard even if a RCT with a positive result was made. The essence of 3FL has revealed the fact that bilateral cervical paraesophageal nodes and nodes in the bilateral supraclavicular fossae are regional nodes of thoracic esophageal cancer. To let the world admit this essence should be the real endpoint of “3FL issue” without RCT. In the era of new modalities, Japanese surgeons should be free from the idea that 3FL is indispensable though the essence of 3FL should remain.
Diel pattern in the structure and function of the gut microbial community inLymantria dispar asiatica(Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae
Authors: Zeng Jian‐Yong , Vuong Thi‐Minh‐Dien , Guo Jia‐Xing , Shi Jiang‐Hong , Shi Zhong‐Bin , Zhang Guo‐Cai , Zhang Jie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the present study, diel pattern in gut microbial communities in insects were evaluated.Lymantria dispar asiaticafourth instar larvae (72 ± 2 hr after molting) at noon (LdD) and midnight (LdN) were used for a comparative analysis of the gut microbial community. Ten bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared between LdD and LdN samples. One bacterial OTU was specific to LdD. The dominant gut microbes were OTU72 in LdD and OTU75 in LdN. A linear discriminant analysis effect size cladogram suggested that ten bacterial OTUs maintain significant differences in relative abundances between LdD and LdN. These results agreed with the discrete ellipses between LdD and LdN in principal coordinates analysis plots. Additionally, using phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states, the gut microbial community was assigned to 23 functional terms, among which 22 exhibited significant differences between LdD and LdN. To conclude, the present study documented a diel pattern in the gut microbial community ofL. dispar asiaticalarvae.
Standsicherheitsberechnungen an bestehenden Gewichtsstützwänden
Authors: Fleischer Helmut , Schlegel Roger , Eckardt Stefan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGroße Teile älterer Wasserbauwerke bestehen aus massigen Gewichtsstützwänden. Die Bauweise ist durch teilweise mehrere Meter mächtige Querschnitte aus unbewehrtem Beton oder Mauerwerk gekennzeichnet. Neben Erddruck und Einwirkungen aus dem Anlagenbetrieb sind oft hohe Wasserlasten aufzunehmen. Statische Nachrechnungen nach geltendem Regelwerk mit den üblichen vereinfachten Ansätzen führen fast immer zu rechnerischen Standsicherheitsdefiziten, aus denen wiederum aufwendige statische Verstärkungsmaßnahmen oder gar Ersatzneubauten resultieren. Defizite ergeben sich vor allem aus der Vernachlässigung des mehrdimensionalen Spannungs‐ bzw. Dehnungszustands und dem sehr konservativen Ansatz für den im Bauteilinneren wirkenden Riss‐ und Porenwasserdruck nach geltender Norm. Im folgenden Beitrag wird anhand erster numerischer Analysen an einem zweidimensionalen FE‐Stützwandmodell unter Berücksichtigung der Wechselwirkung zwischen Rissbildung und Verteilung des inneren Wasserdrucks gezeigt, dass mit einer genaueren Erfassung der statischen Verhältnisse rechnerische Sicherheitsreserven klar nachweisbar sind. Es ist empfehlenswert, diese Untersuchungen fortzuführen und auf eine größere Modellpalette auszudehnen, um zu verallgemeinerungsfähigen Aussagen zu kommen und damit die Basis zur Aufwertung des in der Praxis gängigen Ingenieurmodells zu schaffen.
Spiropyrane – a Dream Compound for Teaching Purposes – Experimental Approaches to Basic Concepts of Chemistry Using the Molecular Switch Spiropyrane/Merocyanine
Authors: Meuter Nico , Spinnen Sebastian , Yurdanur Yasemin , Tausch Michael W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIm Beitrag wird über die experimentelle Anwendung der chemischen Basiskonzepte mit einer Substanz berichtet, die im Chemieunterricht bisher wenig bekannt ist. Innovative Zugänge werden insbesondere für das in den MINT‐Fächern interdisziplinäre Konzept Energie und für digitale Logik mit dem molekularen Schalter Spiropyran/Merocyanin erschlossen.
Encapsulation of Azaphosphatranes and Proazaphosphatranes in Confined Spaces
Authors: Dutasta Jean‐Pierre , Martinez Alexandre 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProazaphosphatranes (also named Verkade's superbases) and their azaphosphatrane conjugated acids have been recently been shown to be confined in either covalent or self‐assembled molecular cages, or immobilized in nanopores of hybrid materials. The encapsulation of these phosphorus moieties turns out to strongly affect both their acid–base, catalytic, and recognition properties. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the proton transfer as well as the selectivity and catalytic activities of Verkade's superbases were strongly changed upon their confinement in a hemicryptophane cavity. Moreover, self‐assembled cages, including azaphosphatrane moieties, were found to display remarkable anion recognition properties in water. In this Minireview, these new aspects of the chemistry of aza‐ and proaza‐phosphatranes are presented, in order to highlight the great potential of such an approach
Adaptation potential of the copepod Eurytemora affinis to a future warmer Baltic Sea
Authors: Karlsson Konrad , Winder Monika 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo predict effects of global change on zooplankton populations, it is important to understand how present species adapt to temperature and how they respond to stressors interacting with temperature. Here, we ask if the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis from the Baltic Sea can adapt to future climate warming. Populations were sampled at sites with different temperatures. Full sibling families were reared in the laboratory and used in two common garden experiments (a) populations crossed over three temperature treatments 12, 17, and 22.5°C and (b) populations crossed over temperature in interaction with salinity and algae of different food quality. Genetic correlations of the full siblings’ development time were not different from zero between 12°C and the two higher temperatures 17 and 22.5°C, but positively correlated between 17 and 22.5°C. Hence, a population at 12°C is unlikely to adapt to warmer temperature, while a population at ≥17°C can adapt to an even higher temperature, that is, 22.5°C. In agreement with the genetic correlations, the population from the warmest site of origin had comparably shorter development time at high temperature than the populations from colder sites, that is, a cogradient variation. The population with the shortest development time at 22.5°C had in comparison lower survival on low quality food, illustrating a cost of short development time. Our results suggest that populations from warmer environments can at present indirectly adapt to a future warmer Baltic Sea, whereas populations from colder areas show reduced adaptation potential to high temperatures, simply because they experience an environment that is too cold.