bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural competence or deficit-based view? A qualitative approach to understanding middle school students’ experience with culturally framed engineering
Authors: Keratithamkul Khomson , Kim Justine N. , Roehrig Gillian H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent policies have given momentum to the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education in the USA and throughout the world. This has resulted in rapid growth in engineering and STEM curricula, many of which incorporate global contexts to frame student experiences; however, little research has been done on the effects of this contextualization. Thus, it is critical to explore the impact of these curricula on student learning and the development of STEM identities, especially those who have historically been marginalized in STEM fields. The purposes of this study are to critically examine how STEM curriculum helps shape students’ perceptions of the underlying cultural context and suggest ways that anti-oppressive education theory can be applied in middle school physical science classrooms. This study draws on classroom observational data and the curriculum text itself to understand how students perceive culture that they do not identify with.ResultsWe found that the curriculum provides very limited perspectives of the non-dominant culture in which the learning was situated. Our results also indicate three emerging themes showing students to be demonstrating an elitist viewpoint, having a narrow view of another culture, or being indifferent toward the embedded cultural context in the lessons. As a class, deficit-based views of the people and places presented in the lesson were created rather than the desired culturally competent views. These negative perceptions were imprinted and solidified through limited portrayal of the embedded culture in the curriculum.ConclusionsThis work highlights the importance of curriculum context in students’ learning. Beliefs about the people and places are created through global context presented in the curriculum. Portrayal of these people and places was not representative of the culture; thus, resulting in limited perceptions of the situated contexts. It is crucial that the teachers critically evaluate the curriculum prior to its implementation to make sureOthersare represented appropriately by drawing upon the anti-oppressive education theory. Lastly, we also advocate for the incorporation of global culture in STEM curriculum by having students learn beyond what the written curriculum offers.
Harderian gland of flying and non-flying birds: morphological, histological, and histochemical studies
Authors: Beheiry Rasha R. , Ali Sozan A. , Aref Mohamed , Emam Hassan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of the present study is to describe the morphological and histological features of Harderian gland (HG) in long-legged wadding bird (ibis) and different domestic birds (duck, goose, and pigeon). The HG of forty adult male and female from the four avian species constituted the material of the study.

Result
The HG extended from the optic nerve to the rostral part of the eyeball presents two extremities, one posterior and other anterior, from which the excretory duct was arisen. Between two extremities of the gland, middle groove is present in case of duck and geese, while middle isthmus is present in case of ibis. In pigeon, the gland appeared pointed oval in shape. Microscopically, the HG was multilobular; each lobule was composed of secretory acini that were lined by a single layer of columnar epithelium. In all studied birds, a single duct located centrally with an irregular lumen. In goose, there were crypts along the duct while in duck, the central lumen had villi-like folds projected into the central canal of the tubules. In ibis, the irregular lumen was narrow and elongated while in pigeon, the gland had a central cavity that collected the secretion from tubules arranged radially around the cavity; also, the gland mainly contained both acidic and neutral mucopolysaccharides.

Conclusion
This work revealed that the histological structure of HG in the four avian species showed characteristic features and thus explained the relationship between their habits and behavior on the structure of this gland.
Event-Free Survival, a Prostate-Specific Antigen–Based Composite End Point, Is Not a Surrogate for Overall Survival in Men With Localized Prostate Cancer Treated With Radiation
Authors: Xie Wanling , Regan Meredith M. , Buyse Marc , Halabi Susan , Kantoff Philip W. , Sartor Oliver , Soule Howard , Berry Donald , Clarke Noel , Collette Laurence , D’Amico Anthony , Lourenco Richard De Abreu , Dignam James , Eisenberger Mario , James Nicholas , Fizazi Karim , Gillessen Silke , Loriot Yohann , Mottet Nicolas , Parulekar Wendy , Sandler Howard , Spratt Daniel E. , Sydes Matthew R. , Tombal Bertrand , Williams Scott , Sweeney Christopher J. ,   on behalf of the ICECaP Working Group
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE Recently, we have shown that metastasis-free survival is a strong surrogate for overall survival (OS) in men with intermediate- and high-risk localized prostate cancer and can accelerate the evaluation of new (neo)adjuvant therapies. Event-free survival (EFS), an earlier prostate-specific antigen (PSA)–based composite end point, may further expedite trial completion. METHODS EFS was defined as the time from random assignment to the date of first evidence of disease recurrence, including biochemical failure, local or regional recurrence, distant metastasis, or death from any cause, or was censored at the date of last PSA assessment. Individual patient data from trials within the Intermediate Clinical Endpoints in Cancer of the Prostate–ICECaP–database with evaluable PSA and disease follow-up data were analyzed. We evaluated the surrogacy of EFS for OS using a 2-stage meta-analytic validation model by determining the correlation of EFS with OS (patient level) and the correlation of treatment effects (hazard ratios [HRs]) on both EFS and OS (trial level). A clinically relevant surrogacy was defined a priori as an R2 ≥ 0.7. RESULTS Data for 10,350 patients were analyzed from 15 radiation therapy–based trials enrolled from 1987 to 2011 with a median follow-up of 10 years. At the patient level, the correlation of EFS with OS was 0.43 (95% CI, 0.42 to 0.44) as measured by Kendall’s tau from a copula model. At the trial level, the R2 was 0.35 (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.60) from the weighted linear regression of log(HR)-OS on log(HR)-EFS. CONCLUSION EFS is a weak surrogate for OS and is not suitable for use as an intermediate clinical end point to substitute for OS to accelerate phase III (neo)adjuvant trials of prostate cancer therapies for primary radiation therapy–based trials.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis in COVID-19: Unique Concerns and Considerations
Authors: Palermo Nadine E , Sadhu Archana R , McDonnell Marie E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Context
While individuals with diabetes appear to be at similar risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection to those without diabetes, they are more likely to suffer severe consequences, including death. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common and potentially lethal acute complication of diabetes arising from a relative insulin deficiency, which occurs more often in those with type 1 diabetes and in the setting of moderate to severe illness. Early reports indicate that among patients with pre-existing diabetes, DKA may be a common complication of severe COVID-19 and a poor prognostic sign.

Case Description
This clinical perspective explores the key elements of caring for individuals with DKA during the COVID-19 pandemic through 2 cases. Topics addressed include diagnosis, triage, and the fundamental principles of treatment with a focus on the importance of characterizing DKA severity and medical complexity to determine the best approach.

Conclusions
As discussed, some tenets of DKA management may require flexibility in the setting of COVID-19 due to important public health goals, such as preventing transmission to highest risk individuals, reducing healthcare worker exposure to infected patients, and preserving personal protective equipment. Evidence for alternative treatment strategies is explored, with special attention placed on treatment options that may be more relevant during the pandemic, including use of subcutaneous insulin therapy. Finally, DKA is often a preventable condition. We include evidence-based strategies and guidance designed to empower clinicians and patients to avoid this serious complication when possible.
AMP-activated protein kinase regulates cytoplasmic dynein behavior and contributes to neuronal migration in the developing neocortex
Authors: Naito Yasuki , Asada Naoyuki , Nguyen Minh Dang , Sanada Kamon 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein contributes to radial migration of newborn pyramidal neurons in the developing neocortex. Here, we show that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediates the nucleus-centrosome coupling, a key process for radial neuronal migration that relies on dynein. Depletion of the catalytic subunit of AMPK in migrating neurons impairs this coupling as well as neuronal migration. AMPK shows overlapping subcellular distribution with cytoplasmic dynein and the two proteins interact with each other. Pharmacological inhibition or activation of AMPK modifies the phosphorylation states of dynein intermediate chain (DIC) and dynein functions. Furthermore, AMPK phosphorylates DIC at Ser81. Expression of a phospho-resistant mutant of DIC retards neuronal migration in a similar way to AMPK depletion. Conversely, expression of the phospho-mimetic mutant of DIC alleviates impaired neuronal migration caused by AMPK depletion. Thus, AMPK-regulated dynein function via Ser81 DIC phosphorylation is crucial for radial neuronal migration.
Introducció
Authors: Comalat Maite , Agustí Lluís 
Published: June 2020

Ens plau presentar-vos, una vegada més, un nou volum de l’Anuari de Biblioteques, Llibres i Lectura. Aquesta sisena edició ofereix un primer canvi important respecte de les anteriors, la desaparició de l’Observatori de Biblioteques, Llibres i Lectura i la continuació de les seves tasques sota la nova adscripció al Centre de Recerca en Informació, Comunicació i Cultura (CRICC), ens ha portat a un canvi de títol de la publicació, sense que això impliqui grans canvis d’abast temàtic. Així doncs, com a les edicions anteriors, l’Anuari manté com a objectiu recollir les actuacions més rellevants i fer un estat de la qüestió del bienni corresponent, en aquest cas, als anys 2018 i 2019 en els tres àmbits d’especialització: les biblioteques, els llibres i la lectura. En aquest número, fidels a la voluntat de mantenir una mirada àmplia, recuperem alguns articles que no es van publicar a l’edició anterior: així doncs, podrem llegir allò de més rellevant que ha passat a casa nostra pel que fa a les biblioteques especialitzades i les biblioteques universitàries, amb una anàlisi de les accions i iniciatives que s’hi han dut a terme els darrers quatre anys, 2016-2019.
Nonnull interferometric testing of spherical gratings under Littrow conditions with opposite diffraction orders
Authors: Liu Weijian , Yuan Qun , Wang Ruoyan , Ji Wen , Xue YingZe , Ma Jun , Wang Lingjie , Gao Zhishan 
Published: June 2020

Diffracted wavefront measurements are qualitative and comprehensive verifications for the spherical grating that was manufactured to specifications. Direct interferometric testing of the diffracted wavefront is convenient and implemented by tilting the spherical grating at a Littrow angle to obtain autoreflection and then results in a nonnull interferometric testing configuration. The diffracted wavefront of the spherical grating contains not only wavefront errors induced by the manufacturing imperfections but also inherent wavefront contributions from the autoreflection testing setup. The magnitudes of the latter are affected by both the spherical substrate and the groove pattern. Through the analysis of geometric aberrations of spherical gratings, the groove pattern contributions are demonstrated to be contrary for the opposite diffraction orders. A nonnull interferometric testing of spherical gratings is proposed without foreknowledge of the groove pattern, in which the wavefront errors contributed only by the manufacturing imperfections are derived from dual measurements under Littrow conditions with opposite diffraction orders. Simulations are implemented for varied line spacing (VLS) spherical gratings with an F-number slower than 1.5 and groove density varying from 150 to 300 lp/mm, and the residual error less than

0.004

λ

RMS is obtained. The residual misalignment error after conventionally removing defocus and tilt is further analyzed and discussed. A VLS grating in which the NA is 0.13 and groove density is 200 lp/mm is chosen as an experimental sample, and the diffracted wavefront error with 0.018λ RMS is obtained.
Electrical properties and microstructure formation of V/Al-based n-contacts on high Al mole fraction n-AlGaN layers
Authors: Sulmoni Luca , Mehnke Frank , Mogilatenko Anna , Guttmann Martin , Wernicke Tim , Kneissl Michael 
Published: June 2020

The electrical and structural properties of V/Al-based n-contacts on

n
‐

Al
x

Ga

1
−
x

N

with an Al mole fraction

x

ranging from

x
=
0.75

to

x
=
0.95

are investigated. Ohmic n-contacts are obtained up to

x
=
0.75

with a contact resistivity of

5.7
×

10

−
4

Ω
·

cm
2

whereas for higher Al mole fraction the IV characteristics are rectifying. Transmission electron microscopy reveals a thin crystalline AlN layer formed at the metal/semiconductor interface upon thermal annealing. Compositional analysis confirmed an Al enrichment at the interface. The interfacial nitride-based layer in n-contacts on

n
‐

Al
0.9

Ga
0.1

N

is partly amorphous and heavily contaminated by oxygen. The role and resulting limitations of Al in the metal stack for n-contacts on n-AlGaN with very high Al mole fraction are discussed. Finally, ultraviolet C (UVC) LEDs grown on

n
‐

Al
0.87

Ga
0.13

N

and emitting at 232 nm are fabricated with an operating voltage of 7.3 V and an emission power of 120 μW at 20 mA in cw operation.
À conquista da sabedoria. A pintura de quadratura e o programa iconográfico da Biblioteca Joanina
Authors: Raggi Giuseppina 
Published: June 2020

O artigo propõe a releitura do processo de construção e decoração da Biblioteca da Universidade de Coimbra, conhecida como Biblioteca Joanina (1716-1728). O texto reinterpreta o contexto artístico e cultural da primeira metade do reinado de D. João V (1707- acerca de 1728) e o impacto dos projetos do arquiteto italiano Filippo Juvarra para a nova cidade de Lisboa (1719). A construção da Biblioteca Joanina integrou o plano de renovação do conhecimento em todos os campos do saber promovido por D. João V, pela rainha D. Maria Ana de Áustria e pela corte portuguesa. Desta forma, o artigo oferece uma nova interpretação do programa iconográfico, baseado na metáfora militar. A Biblioteca torna-se fortaleza da Sabedoria que o estudante-soldado é chamado a conquistar. No interior, o espaço do conhecimento é dividido em três etapas progressivas: o espaço da adquisição dos novos saberes (Imago Bibliotecae); do conhecimento académico (Universitas) e do enciclopédico (Enciclopedia). Porém, o verdadeiro objetivo final é alcançar a sabedoria do Sabio Cristão, tal como a descreve padre Rafael Bluteau nas suas Prosas Academicas… (1717-1728). Chegando ao fim do seu percurso, depostas as armas aos pés do soberano, o estudante-conquistador espelha-se no retrato de rei D. João V, imagem vivente do Sabio Cristão. O texto aprofunda, também, os seguintes tópicos: 1) as conexões artísticas com a arquitetura italiana e austríaca; 2) as estreitas relações entre a pintura de arquiteturas em perspetiva, realizada nos três tetos da Biblioteca Joanina por António Simões Ribeiro e Vicente Nunes, e a tradição da “quadratura” bolonhesa; 3) a carência de fornecimento de livros para a Biblioteca da Universidade de Coimbra, depois da conclusão do edifício e ao longo da segunda metade do reino de D. João V; 4) a reinterpretação da quadratura dos tetos da Biblioteca Joanina por António Augusto Gonçalves no século XIX; 5) as obras de restauro promovidas pela Direção dos Monumentos Nacionais entre 1931 e 1934 e o envolvimento do pintor Joaquim Lopes, Professor de artes no Porto.
Surgical correction of degenerative sagittal imbalance of the lumbar spine
Authors: Baikov E. S. , Peleganchuk A. V. , Sanginov A. J. , Leonova O. N. , Krutko A. V. 
Published: June 2020

Objective. To analyze the early clinical and radiological outcomes of lumbar spine fusion in patients with degenerative sagittal imbalance.Material and Methods. The data of 45 patients who were operated on sequentially using a combination of surgical methods for vertebrogenic pain syndrome and (or) neurological deficit and who had a violation of the sagittal balance of degenerative origin were analyzed. All patients underwent anterior spinal fusion at the L4–L5, L5–S1 levels to correct and restore lower lumbar lordosis. The next stage was decompression through posterior approach, if necessary supplemented by interbody fusion at clinically significant lumbar levels above the L4–L5 segment. In all patients, surgical treatment was completed with screw transpedicular fixation at the levels of interbody fusion. Demographic, clinical and surgical data, and radiological parameters were evaluated.Results. The study included data from 6 men and 39 women with an average age of 58.9 ± 7.8 years. Duration of hospital stay was 27.1 ± 7.4 days. The primary surgery was performed in 33 (73.3 %) patients, and the reoperation for pain recurrence after previous surgery at the same lumbar level – in 12 (26.7 %) patients. The duration of surgery was 529.8 ± 117.8 min, the blood loss was 1130.4 ± 560.1 ml. Back and leg pain VAS score decreased after surgery from 6.7 ± 0.9 and 4.7 ± 1.4 to 3.3 ± 0.9 and 0.5 ± 0.6, respectively (p < 0.001). The ideal sagittal type according the Russoly’s classification was restored in 27 (60 %) cases, that below the ideal – in 9 (20 %), and hypercorrection was in 9 (20 %). PT decreased from 26.1° ± 5.7° to 17.4° ± 3.9° (p < 0.001) and SVA – from 6.7 ± 3.5 to 2.7 ± 2.3 cm (p < 0.001). LL increased from 36.3° ± 18.5° to 55.1° ± 11.8° (p < 0.001) and Low LL – from 13.5° ± 9.8° to 37.9° ± 8.2° (p < 0.001). According to GAP, the number of patients with severe and moderate imbalance was reduced (p < 0.001). Surgical complications were observed in 26 (57.7 %) patients.Conclusion. The multi-stage surgical treatment of patients with degenerative spinal deformities using corrective fusion in the lumbar spine significantly improves parameters of the spinopelvic and global sagittal balances in the early postoperative period.
Is tactical algorithmization possible for infectious lesions of the spine? Literature review
Authors: Mushkin М. A. , Dulaev A. K. , Abukov D. N. , Mushkin A. Yu. 
Published: June 2020

Non-specific infectious lesions of the spine present a severe clinical problem due to the high risk of the septic complications and possible mortality. The late diagnosis and subjective treatment options could lead to complicated course of disease, progression of vertebral destruction, development of neurological disorders, as well as multi-resistance of bacteria due to the empiric antibacterial chemotherapy. The modern algorithms of diagnosis and treatment should be aimed at improving the quality of care for patients with infectious spondylitis. A literature review on the current concept of their assessment, including a step-by-step description of the Vertebral Osteomyelitis Guideline Team (VOGT) strategy, and the classifications of Pola (NCPS) and Homagk (SSC) is presented.
Effects of spermine and putrescine polyamines on capsaicin accumulation in Capsicum annuum L. cell suspension cultures
Authors: KOÇ Esra , İŞLEK Cemil , KARAYİĞİT Belgizar 
Published: June 2020

This study examined the effects of different concentrations of spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) elicitors on capsaicin production at different times in cell suspension culture of peper (Capsicum annuum L‘Kahramanmaraş Hat-187’.), raised from pepper seeds. Callus was obtained from hypocotyl explants of pepper seedlings germinated in vitro conditions, and cell suspensions were prepared from calluses. Spm (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg l-1) and Put (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg l-1) elicitors were applied on cell suspensions, and control groups free from elicitor treatment were created. The amount of capsaicin in cells was found to be higher in the control groups and samples treated with Spm elicitors when compared to filtrates. The highest increase in the capsaicin amount in cells was determined on day 12 of elicitation with 0.2 mg l-1 Spm application. The highest capsaicin amount passing into the filtrate was determined as 0.1 mg l-1 Spm on day 8. The most effective Put concentration and time on capsaicin amount were found as 0.2 mg l-1 Put on day 12 in both cells and filtrates. The highest total capsaicin was also determined in the 0.2 mg l-1 Spm application on day 12with 312.747 ± 8.70 µg g-1 of culture. Exogenous treatment of Spm and Put elicitors affected capsaicin accumulation.
Estradiol Increases Microglial Response to Lipopolysaccharide in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus during the Peripubertal Sensitive Period in Female Mice
Authors: Velez-Perez Amarylis , Holder Mary K. , Fountain Sam , Blaustein Jeffrey D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSensitive periods are times of development during which the effects of experience are unusually strong and long lasting. The peripubertal period has emerged as one such sensitive period, and a single administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during this time reduces hormone-induced sexual behavior in adult female mice. During periods of high synaptic turnover, maturation, and elimination, as occurs during this sensitive period, microglia are particularly active. Estradiol also regulates microglial numbers, morphology, and activation. In addition, a good deal of evidence suggests that estradiol may confer this vulnerability to the effects of a stressor during the peripubertal period. Therefore, we investigated the effects of estradiol on microglial morphology, cytokine levels, and the sickness response to LPS. Estradiol levels were manipulated by implanting an estradiol-filled SILASTIC capsule (or oil-filled control) in ovariectomized mice or by administering the aromatase inhibitor, formestane (or oil control), to ovary-intact mice. We found that (1) estradiol elevates basal microglial Iba1 immunoreactivity in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), (2) LPS induces higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the presence of estradiol, and (3) LPS causes hypothermia in the presence of estradiol. Taken together, these data suggest that estradiol enhances the effect of LPS during the pubertal sensitive period.