bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similarities and Differences in COVID-19 Awareness, Concern, and Symptoms by Race and Ethnicity in the United States: Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Jones Jeb , Sullivan Patrick S , Sanchez Travis H , Guest Jodie L , Hall Eric W , Luisi Nicole , Zlotorzynska Maria , Wilde Gretchen , Bradley Heather , Siegler Aaron J 
Published: July 2020

Background
Existing health disparities based on race and ethnicity in the United States are contributing to disparities in morbidity and mortality during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We conducted an online survey of American adults to assess similarities and differences by race and ethnicity with respect to COVID-19 symptoms, estimates of the extent of the pandemic, knowledge of control measures, and stigma.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe similarities and differences in COVID-19 symptoms, knowledge, and beliefs by race and ethnicity among adults in the United States.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey from March 27, 2020 through April 1, 2020. Participants were recruited on social media platforms and completed the survey on a secure web-based survey platform. We used chi-square tests to compare characteristics related to COVID-19 by race and ethnicity. Statistical tests were corrected using the Holm Bonferroni correction to account for multiple comparisons.

Results
A total of 1435 participants completed the survey; 52 (3.6%) were Asian, 158 (11.0%) were non-Hispanic Black, 548 (38.2%) were Hispanic, 587 (40.9%) were non-Hispanic White, and 90 (6.3%) identified as other or multiple races. Only one symptom (sore throat) was found to be different based on race and ethnicity (P=.003); this symptom was less frequently reported by Asian (3/52, 5.8%), non-Hispanic Black (9/158, 5.7%), and other/multiple race (8/90, 8.9%) participants compared to those who were Hispanic (99/548, 18.1%) or non-Hispanic White (95/587, 16.2%). Non-Hispanic White and Asian participants were more likely to estimate that the number of current cases was at least 100,000 (P=.004) and were more likely to answer all 14 COVID-19 knowledge scale questions correctly (Asian participants, 13/52, 25.0%; non-Hispanic White participants, 180/587, 30.7%) compared to Hispanic (108/548, 19.7%) and non-Hispanic Black (25/158, 15.8%) participants.

Conclusions
We observed differences with respect to knowledge of appropriate methods to prevent infection by the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19. Deficits in knowledge of proper control methods may further exacerbate existing race/ethnicity disparities. Additional research is needed to identify trusted sources of information in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black communities and create effective messaging to disseminate correct COVID-19 prevention and treatment information.
Pengaruh Reagen Pelindian pada Sintesis ZnO dari Debu Tungku Busur Listrik
Authors: Astuti Widi , Haerudin Agus , Eskani Istihanah Nurul , Tri Yuda Aulia Pertiwi , Nurjaman Fajar , Setiawan Joni , Lestari Dwi Wiji , Petrus Himawan Tri Bayu Murti 
Published: July 2020

ZnO nanoparticle was synthesized by a simple hydrometallurgical method using raw material of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD),which is a solid waste in the stainless steel industry. Electric arc furnace dust contains 68.81% Zn in the form of zincite (ZnO) and simonkolleite (H10Cl2O9Zn5). The synthesis was carried out in two main steps, i.e., leaching and alkaline precipitation. In this study, the effect of leaching reagent, leaching temperature, and leaching reagent concentration on the percent extraction of Zn in the leaching process from electric arc furnace dust and the characteristics of the resulting ZnO product were studied. The experimental results showed that leaching reagent of acetic acid gives the highest percent extraction of Zn. The results also showed that the increase of temperature and acid concentration could improve the Zn extraction percentage. At 2M acid concentration, Zn extraction percentage already achieved 100%; hence the process is independent of temperature. The ZnO product has a purity of 96%. The XRD data confirmed the nano sizes of the ZnO product. A B S T R A KZnO nanopartikel disintesis dengan metode hidrometalurgi sederhana menggunakan bahan baku berupa debu tungku busur listrik yang merupakan limbah padat industri baja tahan karat. Debu busur listrik mengandung 68,81% Zn dalam bentuk zincite (ZnO) dan simonkolleite (H10Cl2O9Zn5). Proses sintesis dilakukan dalam dua tahap utama yaitu pelindian dan pengendapan alkali. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari pengaruh reagen pelindian, suhu pelindian, dan konsentrasi reagen pelindian pada proses pelindian terhadap persen ekstraksi Zn dari debu tungku busur listrik dan karakteristik produk ZnO yang dihasilkan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa asam asetat adalah reagen pelindian yang memberikan persen ekstraksi Zn tertinggi. Hasil percobaan juga menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi suhu dan konsentrasi asam yang digunakan, maka semakin meningkat persen ekstraksi Zn yang diperoleh. Tetapi pada konsentrasi asam 2M, suhu pelindian tidak terlalu berpengaruh karena dengan konsentrasi asam asetat 2M pada semua kondisi suhu pelindian, persen ekstraksi Zn yang diperoleh adalah 100%. Hasil pelindian menggunakan asam asetat pada kondisi optimum menghasilkan produk ZnO dengan kemurnian sekitar 96%. Data XRD juga menunjukkan bahwa ZnO yang terbentuk memiliki ukuran nano.
PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI KELUARGA MELALUI BUDIDAYA TIRAM DI GAMPONG TIBANG KECAMATAN SYIAH KUALA KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Rasyidah Rasyidah , Husna Nurul , Safrianti Liza 
Published: July 2020

This study examines the economic empowerment of families through the cultivation of oysters in Tibang Village. The potential of the people who work as fishermen have not fulfilled their basic family needs. Non-permanent fishing and the price that has fluctuated, has encouraged people to look for alternative businesses to increase income, including through the cultivation of oysters. This study aims to determine how the family oyster cultivation mechanism, as well as the economic condition of the family before and after conducting oyster cultivation in Tibang Village, Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh City. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results of the study show that there are 40 families involved in the cultivation of oysters, this process makes it easy and practical to make the community always meet market demand because the supply of goods or oysters is sufficient. The process of cultivating oysters in Tibang Village through five stages, namely: land preparation, breeding, maintenance, harvesting and the final stage, namely cultivation. Oyster cultivation has also succeeded in increasing the economy of the community between housework. The average income of each family is Rp. 50,000 to Rp. 100,000 per day and this is done consistently because it does not depend on the season. Keywords: Family Eeconomic Empowerment, Oyster Cultivation
Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaran Interaktif Autoplay Media Studio pada Materi Struktur Atom
Authors: Ayu Siti , Lazulva Lazulva , Utami Lisa 
Published: July 2020

[ Development of Interactive Instructional Multimedia Autoplay Media Studio on Atomic Structure Lesson ]
Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran multimedia interaktif pada materi struktur atom dengan menggunakan software Autoplay Media Studio. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4D (Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate). Penelitian dilakukan di SMK Abdurrab Pekanbaru. Subjek penelitian adalah 2 orang validator (ahli materi dan ahli media), 3 orang guru kimia dan 10 orang peserta didik kelas X TLM 1. Instrumen pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini berupa angket uji validitas dan angket uji praktikalitas. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Media pembelajaran yang dihasilkan memiliki tingkat validitas oleh ahli materi sebesar 91,29% (sangat valid), ahli media sebesar 90,04% (sangat valid), dan tingkat praktikalitas oleh guru sebesar 88,92% (sangat praktis), respon peserta didik sebesar 90,15%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran kimia menggunakan multimedia interaktif Autoplay Media Studio pada materi struktur atom sudah valid dan praktis untuk dijadikan media pembelajaran alternatif di sekolah.
Pulp blood flow and sensibility in patients with a history of dental trauma undergoing maxillary expansion:
Authors: Lam Raymond , Goonewardene Mithran S. , Naoum Steven 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To assess changes in pulp blood flow (PBF) and pulp sensibility (PS) in teeth of patients with a history of dental trauma undergoing maxillary expansion.

Materials and Methods
Twenty-five patients requiring rapid maxillary expansion (RME) had the pulp status of their maxillary anterior teeth assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry, electric pulp testing, and thermal testing (CO2 snow). Each patient was tested at T1 (prior to expansion), T2 (2 weeks after rapid expansion), and T3 (3 months after expansion). Relationships between PBF, time interval, and history of trauma were evaluated using linear mixed modelling.

Results
Within the Trauma group, PBF was significantly lower (P ≤ .05) at T2 and T3 in comparison to T1 and significantly lower (P ≤ .05) at T2 in comparison to T3. In the Non-trauma group, PBF at T2 was significantly lower (P ≤ .05) than PBF at T1 and T3; however, no significant difference (P &gt; .05) in PBF was observed when comparing PBF at T1 and T3. In both groups, PS was maintained in almost all teeth (&gt;90%).

Conclusions
RME in healthy teeth causes reduction of PBF before reestablishment of pretreatment values. RME in traumatized teeth causes reduction of PBF without PBF being reestablished to pretreatment levels. Teeth with a history of compromise may have reduced adaptive capacity under insults such as RME, which should be appreciated during the informed consent process.
Reformulasi Pengalokasian Dana Desa tahun Anggaran 2020
Authors: Kumala Fitria Zana 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengalokasian Dana Desa (DD) tahun anggaran 2019 dan 2020 serta mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perubahan formula pengalokasian Dana Desa pada tahun anggaran 2020. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dimana data mengenai pengalokasian Dana Desa pada tahun anggaran 2019 dan 2020 yang digunakan adalah berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia tentang Pengelolaan Dana Desa. Wawancara tidak terstruktur dengan Tenaga Ahli Pembangunan Partisipatif Kabupaten Purbalingga dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perubahan formula pengalokasian Dana Desa pada tahun anggaran 2020. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan pengalokasian Dana Desa pada tahun anggaran 2019 dan 2020 terletak pada perubahan formula yang digunakan untuk pengalokasian Dana Desa dimana pada tahun anggaran 2019 rincian Dana Desa setiap desa dan daerah kabupaten/ kota dialokasikan berdasarkan tiga jenis alokasi saja, yaitu Alokasi Dasar, Alokasi Afirmasi, dan Alokasi Formula sedangkan pada tahun anggaran 2020 pengalokasian tersebut berdasarkan empat jenis alokasi, yaitu Alokasi Dasar, Alokasi Afirmasi, Alokasi Kinerja, dan Alokasi Formula. Perbedaan juga terletak pada persentase pagu setiap alokasi. Pada tahun anggaran 2019 pagu Alokasi Dasar adalah sebesar 72% dari anggaran Dana Desa nasional kemudian turun menjadi 69% dari anggaran Dana Desa nasional pada tahun anggaran 2020. Pada tahun anggaran 2019 pagu Alokasi Afirmasi adalah sebesar 3% dari anggaran Dana Desa nasional kemudian turun menjadi 1.5% dari anggaran Dana Desa nasional pada tahun anggaran 2020. Pada tahun anggaran 2019 tidak terdapat pagu Alokasi Kinerja, sedangkan pada tahun anggaran 2020 terdapat Alokasi Kinerja yang besarnya 1.5% dari anggaran Dana Desa nasional. Pada tahun anggaran 2019 pagu Alokasi Formula adalah sebesar 25% dari anggaran Dana Desa nasional kemudian naik menjadi 28% dari anggaran Dana Desa nasional pada tahun anggaran 2020. Selanjutnya faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perubahan formula pengalokasian Dana Desa pada tahun anggaran 2020 adalah terdapat desa yang tidak menginginkan kenaikan status desa karena akan kehilangan Alokasi Afirmasi, evaluasi dari pemerintah untuk menurunkan persentase Alokasi Dasar agar lebih mencerminkan keadilan dan kondisi desa, evaluasi dari pemerintah untuk menaikkan Alokasi Formula agar lebih mencerminkan kondisi riil desa berdasarkan jumlah penduduk, jumlah penduduk miskin, luas wilayah, dan indeks kesulitan geografis, serta pemberian apresiasi/ reward dari pemerintah berupa pemberian Alokasi Kinerja kepada desa-desa yang memiliki kinerja terbaik.
Novels Speak Reality: Ivanhoe, An Example
Authors: Xavier T Roy 
Published: July 2020

Stories have been the source of moral lessons and entertainment, as far as the humankind of all the time, is concerned. The use of story- telling existed from the time immemorial. Stories appeared in the form of ballads and epics, in the ancient time, but later it took the shape of short and long fictions. The long fictions or novels varied in its theme and size. They are divided into many genres according to its subject matter- Gothic, Picaresque, Historical etc. The Ballad is nothing but a short story in verse. Its subjects are simple and memorable like adventure, love, war and the life etc. An Epic is a long tale in verse with famous heroes for its main characters. Iliad and Odyssey are examples. These stories gave the reader enjoyment and certain life-related ‘tips’. Hayden White, an American historian says, “the aim of the writer of a novel must be the same as that of the writer of the history”. Historians and Novelists wish to provide a verbal image of ‘reality’. A novelist may produce reality indirectly but this is meant to correspond to some sphere of human experience. He desires to pass the merits and demerits of such experience onto the readers, to enhance a better vision of life. Novelists are free to use fictitious characters and situations for the readers’ entertainment. Stories took its present prose form later in the middle ages. Decameron, a collection of stories by Boccaccio, was published in 1350. It deals with stories told by a group of people affected by Black Plague. They used these stories to get mental relief from the pandemic. ‘Canterbury Tales’ of Geoffrey Chaucer also, is telling the life-related stories by some pilgrims to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury. All these show that men were, from the early ages itself, used to tell stories to recollect the past and go forward with lessons of reality for a better life. Actually these stories are ‘historical facts’ blended with the imagination of the writers.
Desafíos de la Administración Pública. El retorno de la democracia y el proyecto informático en Argentina
Authors: Blasquiz Landa Gastón , Aguiar Diego 
Published: July 2020

Con el retorno de la democracia en 1983, el gobierno argentino intentó llevar adelante un proyecto de transformación del complejo informático-electrónico (CIE) por medio de la construcción de un diseño institucional tripartito que se encargaría de la formulación y ejecución de las políticas destinadas a ese sector. Al momento de ejecutar las políticas formuladas, la administración nacional se encontró con ciertos obstáculos que no habían sido considerados y que condicionaron el éxito del proyecto.
Se trata, en consecuencia, de una investigación orientada a reflexionar críticamente sobre las dificultades que afrontan las administraciones públicas al momento de planificar y gestionar políticas públicas tecnológicas como las de informática.
Para llevar a cabo el análisis pretendido es que se conformó un abordaje teórico-metodológico que integra los conceptos de política pública, de análisis de políticas públicas, de políticas de ciencia y tecnología y más específicamente de culturas políticas.
Opciones reales y el valor de los ahorros fiscales
Authors: Milanesi Gastón Silverio 
Published: July 2020

En la versión tradicional del modelo de descuento de flujos de fondo, no son considerados los valores contingentes de ahorros fiscales, suponiendo, por el contrario, valores determinísticos para escudos fiscales. En tal sentido el trabajo propone un modelo que incorpore la naturaleza contingente de los ahorros fiscales, relacionado con el grado de apalancamiento y resultados esperados. Empleando la Teoría de Opciones como base, es desarrollado el modelo de valuación de ahorros fiscales. Seguidamente, mediante el análisis de caso y sensibilidad de resultados, se alcanzan los principales resultados. Se evidencia la naturaleza contingente de los ahorros fiscales en el valor de la firma, evitando el debate sobre tasas de interés de escudos fiscales.
Un modelo para el análisis estratégico conjunto de los activos intangibles de la marca y el conocimiento: el aporte de las ciencias cognitivas a la estrategia competitiva
Authors: Levy Alberto 
Published: July 2020

En este artículo presentamos, desde una perspectiva constructivista, sistémica, cognitiva y lingüística, un modelo teórico sobre el concepto de segmento de mercado, sobre el proceso decisorio de un consumidor, sobre el posicionamiento de las marcas y sobre las ventajas competitivas. Asimismo, desde esta perspectiva constructivista, sistémica, cognitiva y lingüística y en el mismo modelo, consideramos el concepto de requerimientos competitivos clave de un sector, el diseño de la oferta y las capacidades distintivas. Por fin, presentamos el concepto de núcleo estratégico como la liga entre ventajas competitivas y capacidades distintivas como la base de la estrategia competitiva en el transcurso del tiempo y la innovación.
Perfil epidemiológico do suicídio em Montes Claros de 2007 a 2017
Authors: Dias Guilherme Aguiar , Araújo Maria Luiza Sales , Rossi-Barbosa Luiza Augusta Rosa 
Published: July 2020

Este estudo objetivou descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e o método utilizado para o suicídio na cidade de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Os dados foram obtidos a partir do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIM/DATASUS) de 2007 a 2017 e analisados segundo as seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, estado civil, cor e método utilizado. Usou-se o modelo de regressão linear simples para verificar a tendência dos óbitos. Ocorreram 182 óbitos por suicídio, o que corresponde a uma taxa média de 4,38 mortes por 100 mil habitantes, com predomínio nos indivíduos do sexo masculino, de cor parda, na faixa etária de 30 a 59 anos e estado civil solteiro. O enforcamento foi o método mais utilizado. Caracterizou-se o perfil epidemiológico do suicídio em Montes Claros, observando-se também tendência decrescente das taxas de mortalidade por suicídio geral e no sexo feminino.Descritores: Suicídio, Óbitos, Epidemiologia. Epidemiological profile of suicide in Montes Claros from 2007 to 2017Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the suicide mortality in a region of Minas Gerais. Data were obtained from the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health using the variables related to gender, age, marital status, race, method used, from 2007 until 2017. The simple linear regression model was used to verify the trend of deaths in that period. 182 deaths by suicide occurred in the city, which corresponded to an average rate of 4,38 deaths per 100 thousand inhabitants. The results pointed to a predominance of deaths in: men, black, ages from 30 to 59, single. The most common method was hanging. It was observed a decreasing trend in mortality rates from suicide in general and in women.Descriptors: Suicide, Deaths, Epidemiology. Perfil epidemiológico del suicidio en Montes Claros de 2007 a 2017Resumen: Describir el perfil sociodemográfico y el método utilizado para el suicidio en Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Los datos se obtuvieron del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad del Sistema Único de Salud (SIM / DATASUS) de 2007 a 2017 y se analizaron de acuerdo con las variables: sexo, edad, estado civil, color y método utilizado. El modelo de regresión lineal simple se utilizó para verificar la tendencia de las muertes. Hubo 182 muertes por suicidio, lo que corresponde a una tasa promedio de 4,38 muertes por cada 100 mil habitantes, con un predominio de masculinos, de color marrón, con edades entre 30 y 59 años y estado civil soltero. Ahorcamiento fue el método más utilizado. Se caracterizó el perfil epidemiológico del suicidio en Montes Claros, observando también una tendencia decreciente en las tasas de mortalidad en el suicidio general y entre las mujeres.Descriptores: Suicidio, Muertes, Epidemiología.
Late atrial arrhythmias after lung transplantation: a meta-analysis
Authors: Saglietto Andrea , Matta Mario , Gaita Fiorenzo , De Ferrari Gaetano M. , Anselmino Matteo 
Published: July 2020

Background
Atrial arrhythmias are common following noncardiac thoracic surgery. In particular, early postoperative atrial arrhythmias after lung transplantation are very frequent, especially atrial fibrillation (AFib). Late atrial arrhythmia occurrence following lung transplantation, instead, has been less commonly reported.

Methods
The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to analyse the incidence rate of late atrial arrhythmia and AFib in lung transplantation patients, with a special focus on double lung transplant (DLT), also to assess potential predictors of AFib occurrence. After bibliographic search (PUBMED/Medline and Embase databases), a random-effect model meta-analysis was performed: seven studies were finally included, including 2068 lung transplantation patients.

Results
The pooled incidence rate of late atrial arrhythmia was 4.3%/year [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8–6.1%/year, I

2
= 69%], whereas late AFib incidence rate was 1.5%/year (95% CI 0.7–2.6%/year, I

2
= 87%). In patients undergoing DLT, the pooled incidence rate of late atrial arrhythmia was 4.1%/year (95% CI 2.5–6.0%/year, I

2
= 67%), while the AFib incidence rate was 0.9%/year (95% CI 0.1–2.4%/year, I

2
= 92%). A longer follow-up duration significantly related to the reduced incidence rate of AFib (P = 0.02). History of AFib (hazard ratio 11.2, 95% CI 5.9–21.3) and early postoperative AFib (hazard ratio 10.3, 95% CI 5.9–18.0) emerged, instead, as relevant predictors of AFib occurrence.

Conclusion
Late atrial arrhythmia occurrence is not infrequent in lung transplantation patients; however, late Afib incidence was rare and showed a time-dependent decrease, particularly in DLT patients, suggesting that a transmural pulmonary veins isolation, the mainstay of transcatheter ablation, is effective in decreasing the likelihood of experiencing AFib.