bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short Acquisition Time Super-Resolution Ultrasound Microvessel Imaging via Microbubble Separation
Authors: Huang Chengwu , Lowerison Matthew R. , Trzasko Joshua D. , Manduca Armando , Bresler Yoram , Tang Shanshan , Gong Ping , Lok U-Wai , Song Pengfei , Chen Shigao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSuper-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM), based on localization and tracking of individual microbubbles (MBs), offers unprecedented microvascular imaging resolution at clinically relevant penetration depths. However, ULM is currently limited by the requirement of dilute MB concentrations to ensure spatially sparse MB events for accurate localization and tracking. The corresponding long imaging acquisition times (tens of seconds or several minutes) to accumulate sufficient isolated MB events for full reconstruction of microvasculature preclude the clinical translation of the technique. To break this fundamental tradeoff between acquisition time and MB concentration, in this paper we propose to separate spatially overlapping MB events into sub-populations, each with sparser MB concentration, based on spatiotemporal differences in the flow dynamics (flow speeds and directions). MB localization and tracking are performed for each sub-population separately, permitting more robust ULM imaging of high-concentration MB injections. The superiority of the proposed MB separation technique over conventional ULM processing is demonstrated in flow channel phantom data, and in the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos with optical imaging as an in vivo reference standard. Substantial improvement of ULM is further demonstrated on a chicken embryo tumor xenograft model and a chicken brain, showing both morphological and functional microvasculature details at super-resolution within a short acquisition time (several seconds). The proposed technique allows more robust MB localization and tracking at relatively high MB concentrations, alleviating the need for dilute MB injections, and thereby shortening the acquisition time of ULM imaging and showing great potential for clinical translation.
Soil bacterial diversity correlates with precipitation and soil pH in long-term maize cropping systems
Authors: Tan Wenjun , Wang Junman , Bai Wenqing , Qi Jiejun , Chen Weimin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnraveling the key drivers of bacterial community assembly in agricultural soils is pivotal for soil nutrient management and crop productivity. Presently, the drivers of microbial community structure remain unexplored in maize cropping systems under complex and variable environmental scenarios across large spatial scales. In this study, we conducted high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and network analysis to identify the major environmental factors driving bacterial community diversity and co-occurrence patterns in 21 maize field soils across China. The results show that mean annual precipitation and soil pH are the major environmental factors that shape soil bacterial communities in maize soils. The similarities of bacterial communities significantly decreased with increasing geographic distance between different sites. The differences in spatial turnover rates across bacterial phyla indicate the distinct dispersal capabilities of bacterial groups, and some abundant phyla exhibited high dispersal capabilities. Aeromicrobium, Friedmanniella, Saccharothrix, Lamia, Rhodococcus, Skermanella, and Pedobacter were identified as keystone taxa. Based on the node-level and network-level topological features, members of the core microbiome were more frequently found in the center of the ecosystem network compared with other taxa. This study highlights the major environmental factors driving bacterial community assembly in agro-ecosystems and the central ecological role of the core microbiome in maintaining the web of complex bacterial interactions.
3D reconstruction of small bowel lesions using stereo camera-based capsule endoscopy
Authors: Nam Seung-Joo , Lim Yun Jeong , Nam Ji Hyung , Lee Hyun Seok , Hwang Youngbae , Park Junseok , Chun Hoon Jai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of capsule endoscopic images has been attempted for a long time to obtain more information on small bowel structures. Due to the limited hardware resources of capsule size and battery capacity, software approaches have been studied but have mainly exhibited inherent limitations. Recently, stereo camera-based capsule endoscopy, which can perform hardware-enabled 3D reconstruction, has been developed. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of newly developed 3D capsule endoscopy in clinical practice. This study was a prospective, single-arm, feasibility study conducted at two university-affiliated hospitals in South Korea. Small bowel evaluation was performed using a newly developed 3D capsule endoscope for patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, suspected or established Crohn’s disease, small bowel tumors, and abdominal pain of unknown origin. We assessed the technical limitations, performance, and safety of the new capsule endoscope. Thirty-one patients (20 men and 11 women; mean age: 44.5 years) were enrolled. There was no technical defect preventing adequate visualization of the small bowel. The overall completion rate was 77.4%, the detection rate was 64.5%, and there was no capsule retention. All capsule endoscopic procedures were completed uneventfully. In conclusion, newly developed 3D capsule endoscopy was safe and feasible, showing similar performance as conventional capsule endoscopy. Newly added features of 3D reconstruction and size measurement are expected to be useful in the characterization of subepithelial tumours.
Efficacy of a chitosan tampon in the loop electrosurgical excision procedure: A prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Chong Gun Oh , Lee Yoon Hee , Jeon Se Young , Yang Hee-Young , An Sang-Hyun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt has been reported that chitosan has a hemostatic effect and an antibiotic activity. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of using a chitosan tampon (Hemoblock-Tampon) in preventing hemorrhage and enhancing wound healing after the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP).This single-blind, prospective, randomized study included 62 consecutive patients who underwent LEEP for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. A chitosan tampon (31 patients; treatment group), or a general tampon (31 patients; control group) was applied to the uterine cervix immediately after LEEP. One patient in the treatment group declined to participate in this study. Thus, 30 patients in the treatment group and 31 patients in the control group completed this study. For objective analysis of hemorrhage in the postoperative 2 weeks, the amounts of bleeding were checked daily with a pictorial blood assessment chart. We evaluated vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, and impairment in daily living during the postoperative 2 weeks using 5 visual analogue scale questionnaires.The bleeding count was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (21.37 ± 16.86 vs. 40.52 ± 16.55, p = 0.0014). The sum of the scores of the 5 questionnaires was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (6.53 ± 2.84 vs. 8.59 ± 2.88, p = 0.0079). The incidence of vaginal discharge was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (20.0% vs. 48.4%, p = 0.0207). According to logistic regression, only the use of chitosan tampon reduced the risk of moderate to severe vaginal bleeding 2 weeks after surgery (Odd ratio, 0.213; 95% confidence interval, 0.06–0.76; p = 0.0172). Complete healing of the uterine cervix occurred in 86.7% of patients in the treatment group and in 61.3% of patients in the control group at 4 weeks after surgery (p = 0.0255).The use of chitosan tampons can reduce hemorrhage, vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, and impairment of daily living after LEEP. Moreover, chitosan tampon may help enhance wound healing.
Computed Tomography-based evaluation of porcine cardiac dimensions to assist in pre-study planning and optimized model selection for pre-clinical research
Authors: Lipiski Miriam , Eberhard Matthias , Fleischmann Thea , Halvachizadeh Sascha , Kolb Beate , Maisano Francesco , Sauer Mareike , Falk Volkmar , Emmert Maximilian Y. , Alkadhi Hatem , Cesarovic Nikola 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe pig (Sus Scrofa Domestica) is an accepted model for preclinical evaluation of prosthetic heart valves and trans-catheter implantation techniques. Understanding porcine cardiac dimensions through three-dimensional computed tomography (CT), increases preclinical study success, leading to higher cost efficiency and to the observance of the obligation to the 3 R principles. Cardiac CT images of twenty-four Swiss large white pigs were segmented; aortic root, mitral valve, pulmonary trunk, tricuspid valve, as well as the aorto-mitral angle and left atrial height were analyzed. Correlation coefficient (r) was calculated in relation to body weight. In Swiss large white pigs, valvular dimensions, length of the pulmonary artery and ascending aorta as well as left atrial height correlate with body weight. Coronary ostia heights and aorto-mitral angle size can be neglected in animal size selection; no changes were found for either of the two parameters with increasing body weight.
Correlations between lignin content and structural robustness in plants revealed by X-ray ptychography
Authors: Polo Carla C. , Pereira Luciano , Mazzafera Paulo , Flores-Borges Denisele N. A. , Mayer Juliana L. S. , Guizar-Sicairos Manuel , Holler Mirko , Barsi-Andreeta Mariane , Westfahl Harry , Meneau Florian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLignin is a heterogeneous aromatic polymer responsible for cell wall stiffness and protection from pathogen attack. However, lignin represents a bottleneck to biomass degradation due to its recalcitrance related to the natural cell wall resistance to release sugars for fermentation or further processing. A biological approach involving genetics and molecular biology was used to disrupt lignin pathway synthesis and decrease lignin deposition. Here, we imaged three-dimensional fragments of the petioles of wild type and C4H lignin mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants by synchrotron cryo-ptychography. The three-dimensional images revealed the heterogeneity of vessels, parenchyma, and fibre cell wall morphologies, highlighting the relation between disturbed lignin deposition and vessel implosion (cell collapsing and obstruction of water flow). We introduce a new parameter to accurately define cell implosion conditions in plants, and we demonstrate how cryo-ptychographic X-ray computed tomography (cryo-PXCT) provides new insights for plant imaging in three dimensions to understand physiological processes.
A multivariable Mendelian randomization to appraise the pleiotropy between intelligence, education, and bipolar disorder in relation to schizophrenia
Authors: Adams Charleen D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEducation and intelligence are highly correlated and inversely associated with schizophrenia. Counterintuitively, education genetically associates with an increased risk for the disease. To investigate why, this study applies a multivariable Mendelian randomization of intelligence and education. For those without college degrees, older age of finishing school associates with a decreased likelihood of schizophrenia—independent of intelligence—and, hence, may be entangled with the health inequalities reflecting differences in education. A different picture is observed for schooling years inclusive of college: more years of schooling increases the likelihood of schizophrenia, whereas higher intelligence distinctly and independently decreases it. This implies the pleiotropy between years of schooling and schizophrenia is horizontal and likely confounded by a third trait influencing education. A multivariable Mendelian randomization of schooling years and bipolar disorder reveals that the increased risk of schizophrenia conferred by more schooling years is an artefact of bipolar disorder – not education.
Elemental distribution and chemical speciation of copper and cobalt in three metallophytes from the copper–cobalt belt in Northern Zambia
Authors: van der Ent Antony , Vinya Royd , Erskine Peter D , Malaisse François , Przybyłowicz Wojciech J , Barnabas Alban D , Harris Hugh H , Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz Jolanta 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Three metallophyte species, Persicaria capitata, P. puncata (Polygonaceae), Conyza cordata (Asteraceae) from mineral wastes in the Zambian copper–cobalt belt were studied. This study focused on the elemental distribution in the roots, stems and leaves, using a range of techniques: micro-PIXE, SEM-EDS synchrotron XFM and XAS. The species differed in their responses to growing on Co–Cu-enriched soils: Persicaria puncata is a Co hyperaccumulator (up to 1060 μg g−1 in leaves), while Persicaria capitata and Conyza cordata are Co-excluders. All three species are Cu-accumulators. The highest concentrations of Cu–Co are in the epidermal cells, whereas in Persicaria puncata Co was also enriched in the phloem. The Co coordination chemistry shows that an aqueous Co(ii)–tartrate complex was the predominant component identified in all plants and tissues, along with a minor component of a Co(iii) compound with oxygen donor ligands. For Cu, there was considerable variation in the Cu speciation in the various tissues and across the three species. In contrast to hyperaccumulator plants, excluder and accumulator type plants have received far less attention. This study highlights the different biopathways of transition elements (Cu, Co) in hyper-tolerant plant species showing different responses to metalliferous environments.
MEHP interferes with mitochondrial functions and homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Chen Yi-Huan , Wu Yi-Ju , Chen Wei-Cheng , Lee Tzong-Shyuan , Tsou Tsui-Chun , Chang Hsuan-Chia , Lo Sheng-Wen , Chen Shen-Liang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer frequently leached out from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products and is quickly metabolized to its monoester equivalent mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) once enters organisms. Exposure to DEHP/MEHP through food chain intake has been shown to modified metabolism but its effect on the development of metabolic myopathy of skeletal muscle (SKM) has not been revealed so far. Here, we found that MEHP repressed myogenic terminal differentiation of proliferating myoblasts (PMB) and confluent myoblasts (CMB) but had weak effect on this process once it had been initiated. The transition of mitochondria (MITO) morphology from high efficient filamentary network to low efficient vesicles was triggered by MEHP, implying its negative effects on MITO functions. The impaired MITO functions was further demonstrated by reduced MITO DNA (mtDNA) level and SDH enzyme activity as well as highly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells after MEHP treatment. The expression of metabolic genes, including PDK4, CPT1b, UCP2, and HO1, was highly increased by MEHP and the promoters of PDK4 and CPT1b were also activated by MEHP. Additionally, the stability of some subunits in the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) complexes was found to be reduced by MEHP, implying defective oxidative metabolism in MITO and which was confirmed by repressed palmitic acid oxidation in MEHP-treated cells. Besides, MEHP also blocked insulin-induced glucose uptake. Taken together, our results suggest that MEHP is inhibitory to myogenesis and is harmful to MITO functions in SKM, so its exposure should be avoided or limited.
Explicit Grammatical Intervention for Developmental Language Disorder: Three Approaches
Authors: Balthazar Catherine H. , Ebbels Susan , Zwitserlood Rob 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This article summarizes the shared principles and evidence underpinning methods employed in the three sentence-level (syntactic) grammatical intervention approaches developed by the authors. We discuss associated clinical resources and map a way forward for clinically useful research in this area.

Method
We provide an overview of the principles and perspectives that are common across our three syntactic intervention approaches: MetaTaal (Zwitserlood, 2015; Zwitserlood, Wijnen, et al., 2015), the SHAPE CODING™ system (Ebbels, 2007; Ebbels et al., 2014, 2007), and Complex Sentence Intervention (Balthazar & Scott, 2017, 2018). A description of each approach provides examples and summarizes current evidence supporting effectiveness for children with developmental language disorder ranging in age from 5 to 16 years. We suggest promising directions for future research that will advance our understanding of effective practices and support more widespread adoption of syntactic interventions with school-age children.

Conclusion
In each approach to syntactic intervention, careful and detailed analysis of grammatical knowledge is used to support target selection. Intervention targets are explicitly described and presented systematically using multimodal representations within engaging and functional activities. Treatment stimuli are varied within a target pattern in order to maximize learning. Similar intervention intervals and intensities have been studied and proven clinically feasible and have produced measurable effects. We identify a need for more research evidence to maximize the effectiveness of our grammatical interventions, encompassing languages other than English, as well as practical clinical tools to guide target selection, measurement of outcomes, and decisions about how to tailor interventions to individual needs.
Effect of Perovskite material on performance of surface plasmon resonance biosensor
Authors: Srivastava Akash , Das Ritwick , Prajapati Yogendra Kumar 
Published: April 2020

In this study, we analyze the combined effect of TMD/Perovskite/2D Material on the performance of SPR biosensor using Kretschman configuration. In order to optimize the parameters, we compare the results of each material falls in the family of TMD/Perovskite/2D respectively and finally applied in the proposed sensor. It is observed that the combined structure based on black phosphorus, a 2D material, Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) as a Perovskite material and Tungsten disulfide (WS2) as a TMD material respectively shows excellent performance in terms of a performance parameter of the sensor. Incident light wavelength is fixed of 633 nm and radiative properties of a multi‐layered structure are calculated by transfer Metrix method. Essential performance parameters like Figure of Merit (FOM), Sensitivity, Detection Accuracy obtained by using the standard formula given in the paper. The reported figure of merit (FoM) and sensitivity are 62.51/RIU and 370. respectively. The results obtained in this paper expect to prove a significant role in the biosensing field like DNA hybridization as well as for the application of Perovskite materials in biosensing.
Langzeitergebnisse nach Rekonstruktion des Mamillen-Areola-Komplexes
Authors: Spengler Claas , Lohmeyer Jörn Andreas , Wittig Klaus Stephan 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Rekonstruktion des Mamillen-Areola-Komplexes (MAK) ist ein ästhetisch und psychosozial bedeutender letzter Schritt bei der Rekonstruktion der Brust. Während die Rekonstruktion der Mamille unter Anwendung verschiedener Techniken in zahlreichen Publikationen untersucht wurde, gibt es unseres Wissens nur wenige Studien zu den Langzeitergebnissen nach Rekonstruktion der Areola. Daher untersuchen wir in dieser Studie die Langzeitergebnisse nach Rekonstruktion der Areola bei Frauen mit autologer Brustrekonstruktion. Im Zeitraum von 2014 bis 2016 führten wir in unserer Klinik bei 126 Patientinnen eine Rekonstruktion des MAK durch. Die Areola wurde durch Vollhauttransplantation aus der Leiste oder den oberen Augenlidern rekonstruiert. Insgesamt wurden 27 Frauen mit einem medianen Alter von 52 ± 8,6 Jahren nach einem medianen Zeitraum von 1,7 ± 0,7 Jahren in Bezug auf Farbveränderungen, Größenveränderungen und Zufriedenheit mit dem Rekonstruktionsergebnis der MAK untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein deutliches Ausbleichen bei guter Zufriedenheit der Patientinnen mit dem Gesamtergebnis. Wir beobachteten eine durchschnittliche Größenzunahme der neuen Areolen um 13,9 % bei Vollhauttransplantation aus der Leiste und 34,6 % bei Vollhauttransplantation aus den oberen Augenlidern. Die Patientinnen sollten präoperativ über Ausbleichen und Größenveränderungen der neuen Areola informiert werden.
Treatment of chronic Osteomyelitis with vascularized bone flaps in one-stage-procedure
Authors: Ciclamini Davide , Antonini Andrea , Tos Pierluigi , Crosio Alessandro , Piccato Alice , Battiston Bruno 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Chronic osteomyelitis is a long-standing infection of the bone. Treatment is often combined, using antibiotics and surgery (with radical debridement and secondary or concomitant reconstruction). One-stage management is an alternative approach, with few reported cases in literature.
Patients/Material and methods We carried out an observational retrospective multicenter study to evaluate the results of one-stage reconstructions with vascularized bone flaps. We assessed bone and infection healing in 14 cases, with a mean follow-up of 63.6 months. Results: Bone union was obtained in 10 cases (71.4 %) in a mean period of 7.9 months. Nonunion occurred in 4 cases (28.6 %), 2 of them with infection persistence. Bone nonunion risk increases in polymicrobial infections (p = 0.0269) and in compromised hosts (p = 0.0110). Infection healing was achieved in 11 cases (78.6 %). Fistula recurred in 3 cases of forearm osteomyelitis (21.4 %) in 10 months on average. Infection recurrence is associated with polymicrobial infections (p = 0.0378) and is higher in internal fixation and compromised hosts with no statistically significant relation.
Conclusions One-stage surgical treatment seems to be an effective approach in selected patients, in particular when an important impairment of local soft tissue and bone exposure are present, and immediate bone coverage with vascularized soft tissue is needed. Most complications occurred in compromised hosts and in patients with polymicrobial cultures. Further research, with comparison between one and two-stage procedures, is needed in order to strengthen the level of evidence.