bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertically Extensive Magma Reservoir Revealed From Joint Inversion and Quantitative Interpretation of Seismic and Gravity Data
Authors: Paulatto Michele , Moorkamp Max , Hautmann Stefanie , Hooft Emilie , Morgan Joanna V. , Sparks R. Stephen J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent advances in our understanding of arc magmatic systems indicate that melt is stored for long periods in low‐melt fraction crystal mushes and that eruptible magma reservoirs are short‐lived and are assembled rapidly by buoyancy‐induced instabilities and draining of the crystal mush. Many aspects of their architecture remain unclear, particularly in relation to their geometry and shallow melt distribution. We investigate the storage of melt below the active Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat, using joint geophysical inversion combined with a quantitative interpretation approach based on rock physics. We jointly inverted active‐source P‐wave traveltimes and gravity anomalies to derive coincident 3‐D models of P‐wave velocity and density to a depth of 8 km. Comparative analysis of the active SHV and extinct Centre Hills volcano and effective elastic medium computations allow us to constrain temperature, melt fraction, and melt geometry. A continuous column of partial melt is inferred beneath SHV, at 4–8 km depth. Melt fraction is ~6% (ranging from 3 to 13% depending on melt geometry) and is maximum at 5–6 km depth. When under‐recovery of the low‐vP volume is taken into account, the melt fraction is revised to ~17% (ranging from 11 to 28%). Analysis of vP/density cross plots indicates that the melt distribution is best represented by low‐aspect ratio geometries. These likely span a multiscale spectrum ranging from grain‐scale inclusions and fractures to 100‐m‐scale dykes and sills. Our results confirm the concept of vertically extensive crystal mush including one or multiple more melt‐rich layers.
Barriers to Adherence to Medical Recommendations Following Adolescent Injury
Authors: Donlon Katharine , Meadows Amy L. , Marsac Meghan L. 
Published: November 2019

Objective: Adherence to treatment recommendations following medical care for pediatric conditions is important for promoting optimal physical and psychological well-being. The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain an understanding of the potential barriers to adherence following injuries in adolescents. Method: Ten adolescents aged 14–17 (9 male) and their parents participated in semistructured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded for analysis of themes related to adherence and barriers to adherence. Results: Results indicated that adolescents may encounter a number of barriers to adherence, including concern about pain medication addiction, competing activities in conflict with medical recommendations, desire for autonomy, and emotional responses to their injury and associated treatment. Conclusions: Thus, although more research is needed to better understand how these factors affect later outcomes, medical teams may want to consider facilitating discussion about potential barriers to adherence while working with adolescents and their parents to support optimal recovery. Implications for Impact Statement The present study suggests that adolescents encounter numerous barriers to adhering to their medical recommendations after sustaining an injury. Given the potential consequences associated with poor adherence, these barriers may contribute to the future development and evaluation of interventions to promote optimal postinjury recovery.
Selected Ethical Issues in Computerized Cognitive Training
Authors: Hague Cole , Holland Alice Ann , Gottlieb Michael 
Published: November 2019

Objective: Studies suggesting promising results from computerized cognitive training (CCT) in pediatric populations have resulted in cognitive training being increasingly investigated within the scientific community. However, these seemingly promising results are often limited by methodological problems, suggesting that they may not generalize to real-world applications. These issues are all the more concerning given that CCT products often require an investment of time and finances. Despite the equivocal findings surrounding these interventions and their increasingly wide use, little discussion has taken place pertaining to the ethical issues of psychologists recommending and providing these programs to children. Method: In this article, we review relevant American Psychological Association Ethics Code standards and raise important questions for pediatric psychologists to consider, such as whether psychologists are prematurely supporting CCT as a legitimate intervention. To date, these questions have not been discussed in the literature to date. Results and Conclusions: This article offers a careful analysis of ethical considerations for examining such questions and offers recommendations for best practice. Implications for Impact Statement This article briefly reviews the empirical status of computerized cognitive training, with an emphasis on the potential benefits and risks associated with this form of intervention. The focus of this article is to discuss the ethical dilemmas involved in endorsing or providing computerized cognitive training as a service for children, which, to date, has yet to be discussed.
The exosome-mediated autocrine and paracrine actions of plasma gelsolin in ovarian cancer chemoresistance
Authors: Asare-Werehene Meshach , Nakka Kiran , Reunov Arkadiy , Chiu Chen-Tzu , Lee Wei-Ting , Abedini Mohammad R. , Wang Pei-Wen , Shieh Dar-Bin , Dilworth F. Jeffrey , Carmona Euridice , Le Tien , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie , Burger Dylan , Tsang Benjamin K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOvarian cancer (OVCA) is the most lethal gynecological cancer, due predominantly to late presentation, high recurrence rate and common chemoresistance development. The expression of the actin-associated protein cytosolic gelsolin (GSN) regulates the gynecological cancer cell fate resulting in dysregulation in chemosensitivity. In this study, we report that elevated expression of plasma gelsolin (pGSN), a secreted isoform of GSN and expressed from the same GSN gene, correlates with poorer overall survival and relapse-free survival in patients with OVCA. In addition, it is highly expressed and secreted in chemoresistant OVCA cells than its chemosensitive counterparts. pGSN, secreted and transported via exosomes (Ex-pGSN), upregulates HIF1α–mediated pGSN expression in chemoresistant OVCA cells in an autocrine manner as well as confers cisplatin resistance in otherwise chemosensitive OVCA cells. These findings support our hypothesis that exosomal pGSN promotes OVCA cell survival through both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms that transform chemosensitive cells to resistant counterparts. Specifically, pGSN transported via exosomes is a determinant of chemoresistance in OVCA.
Translating clinical findings to the legal norm: the Defendant’s Insanity Assessment Support Scale (DIASS)
Authors: Parmigiani Giovanna , Mandarelli Gabriele , Meynen Gerben , Carabellese Felice , Ferracuti Stefano 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInsanity definition and the threshold for satisfying its legal criteria tend to vary depending on the jurisdictions. Yet, in Western countries, the legal standards for insanity often rely on the presence of cognitive and/or volitional impairment of the defendant at crime time. Despite some efforts having been made to guide and structure criminal responsibility evaluations, a valid instrument that could be useful to guide forensic psychiatrists’ criminal responsibility assessments in different jurisdictions is lacking. This is a gap that needs to be addressed, considering the significant forensic and procedural implications of psychiatric evaluations. In addition, differences in methodology used in insanity assessments may also have consequences for the principle of equal rights for all citizens before the law, which should be guaranteed in the European Union. We developed an instrument, the Defendant’s Insanity Assessment Support Scale (DIASS), which can be useful to support, structure, and guide the insanity assessment across different jurisdictions, in order to improve reliability and consistency of such evaluations.
miR-223 overexpression inhibits doxorubicin-induced autophagy by targeting FOXO3a and reverses chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Zhou Yue , Chen Enjiang , Tang Yuexiao , Mao Jiayan , Shen Jian , Zheng Xiaoxiao , Xie Shangzhi , Zhang Shufen , Wu Ying , Liu Hao , Zhi Xiao , Ma Tao , Ni Haibin , Chen Jiabin , Chai Kequn , Chen Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDoxorubicin is conventionally used in chemotherapy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but acquired resistance developed during long-term therapy limits its benefits. Autophagy, a conserved catabolic process for cellular self-protection and adaptation to the changing environment, is regarded as a potential clinical target to overcome doxorubicin resistance. In this study, the potential role of miR-223 in modulating doxorubicin-induced autophagy and sensitivity were evaluated in four transfected human HCC cell lines, and the in vivo relevance was assessed using a mouse xenograft model of HCC. We found that the well-defined miR-223 is expressed at low levels in doxorubicin treated HCC cells and that miR-223 overexpression inhibits the doxorubicin-induced autophagy that contributes to chemoresistance. Blockade of autophagic flux by chloroquine resulted in the failure of miR-223 inhibitor to suppress doxorubicin sensitivity of HCC cells. We further identified FOXO3a as a direct downstream target of miR-223 and primary mediator of the regulatory effect of miR-223 on doxorubicin-induced autophagy and chemoresistance in HCC cells. Finally, we confirmed the enhancement of doxorubicin sensitivity by agomiR-223 in xenograft models of HCC. These findings establish a novel miRNA-based approach for autophagy interference to reverse doxorubicin resistance in future chemotherapy regimens against human HCC.
Revealing Hi-C subcompartments by imputing inter-chromosomal chromatin interactions
Authors: Xiong Kyle , Ma Jian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigher-order genome organization and its variation in different cellular conditions remain poorly understood. Recent high-coverage genome-wide chromatin interaction mapping using Hi-C has revealed spatial segregation of chromosomes in the human genome into distinct subcompartments. However, subcompartment annotation, which requires Hi-C data with high sequencing coverage, is currently only available in the GM12878 cell line, making it impractical to compare subcompartment patterns across cell types. Here we develop a computational approach, SNIPER (Subcompartment iNference using Imputed Probabilistic ExpRessions), based on denoising autoencoder and multilayer perceptron classifier to infer subcompartments using typical Hi-C datasets with moderate coverage. SNIPER accurately reveals subcompartments using moderate coverage Hi-C datasets and outperforms an existing method that uses epigenomic features in GM12878. We apply SNIPER to eight additional cell lines and find that chromosomal regions with conserved and cell-type specific subcompartment annotations have different patterns of functional genomic features. SNIPER enables the identification of subcompartments without high-coverage Hi-C data and provides insights into the function and mechanisms of spatial genome organization variation across cell types.
Tissue-specific microRNA expression alters cancer
susceptibility conferred by a TP53 noncoding
variant
Authors: Deng Qipan , Hu Hui , Yu Xinfang , Liu Shuanglin , Wang Lei , Chen Weiqun , Zhang Chi , Zeng Zhaoyang , Cao Ya , Xu-Monette Zijun Y. , Li Ling , Zhang Mingzhi , Rosenfeld Steven , Bao Shideng , Hsi Eric , Young Ken H. , Lu Zhongxin , Li Yong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA noncoding polymorphism (rs78378222) in TP53, carried by scores of millions of people, was previously
associated with moderate risk of brain tumors and other neoplasms. We find a
positive association between this variant and soft tissue sarcoma. In sharp
contrast, it is protective against breast cancer. We generated a mouse line carrying
this variant and found that it accelerates spontaneous tumorigenesis and glioma
development, but strikingly, delays mammary tumorigenesis. The variant creates a
miR-382-5p targeting site and compromises a miR-325-3p site. Their differential
expression results in p53 downregulation in the brain, but p53 upregulation in the
mammary gland of polymorphic mice compared to that of wild-type littermates. Thus,
this variant is at odds with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome mutants in breast cancer
predisposition yet consistent in glioma predisposition. Our findings elucidate an
underlying mechanism of cancer susceptibility that is conferred by genetic variation
and yet altered by microRNA expression.
All-printed large-scale integrated circuits based on organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Andersson Ersman Peter , Lassnig Roman , Strandberg Jan , Tu Deyu , Keshmiri Vahid , Forchheimer Robert , Fabiano Simone , Gustafsson Göran , Berggren Magnus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe communication outposts of the emerging Internet of Things are embodied by ordinary items, which desirably include all-printed flexible sensors, actuators, displays and akin organic electronic interface devices in combination with silicon-based digital signal processing and communication technologies. However, hybrid integration of smart electronic labels is partly hampered due to a lack of technology that (de)multiplex signals between silicon chips and printed electronic devices. Here, we report all-printed 4-to-7 decoders and seven-bit shift registers, including over 100 organic electrochemical transistors each, thus minimizing the number of terminals required to drive monolithically integrated all-printed electrochromic displays. These relatively advanced circuits are enabled by a reduction of the transistor footprint, an effort which includes several further developments of materials and screen printing processes. Our findings demonstrate that digital circuits based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) provide a unique bridge between all-printed organic electronics (OEs) and low-cost silicon chip technology for Internet of Things applications.
Polarisome scaffolder Spa2-mediated macromolecular condensation of Aip5 for actin polymerization
Authors: Xie Ying , Sun Jialin , Han Xiao , Turšić-Wunder Alma , Toh Joel D. W. , Hong Wanjin , Gao Yong-Gui , Miao Yansong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA multiprotein complex polarisome nucleates actin cables for polarized cell growth in budding yeast and filamentous fungi. However, the dynamic regulations of polarisome proteins in polymerizing actin under physiological and stress conditions remains unknown. We identify a previously functionally unknown polarisome member, actin-interacting-protein 5 (Aip5), which promotes actin assembly synergistically with formin Bni1. Aip5-C terminus is responsible for its activities by interacting with G-actin and Bni1. Through N-terminal intrinsically disordered region, Aip5 forms high-order oligomers and generate cytoplasmic condensates under the stresses conditions. The molecular dynamics and reversibility of Aip5 condensates are regulated by scaffolding protein Spa2 via liquid-liquid phase separation both in vitro and in vivo. In the absence of Spa2, Aip5 condensates hamper cell growth and actin cable structures under stress treatment. The present study reveals the mechanisms of actin assembly for polarity establishment and the adaptation in stress conditions to protect actin assembly by protein phase separation.
13-Tetradecenyl acetate, a female-produced sex pheromone component of the economically important click beetle Melanotus communis (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
Authors: Williams Livy , Serrano Jacqueline M. , Johnson Paul J. , Millar Jocelyn G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSpecies-specific behavior-modifying chemicals have been used for more than 50 years for monitoring and management of insect pests of agriculture and human health. Elaterid beetle larvae are among insect pests in soil that are increasingly problematic, in part due to the lack of effective management strategies. However, little is known about the insect-produced chemicals that mediate the reproductive behavior of these pests. We used chemical and behavioral studies to identify, synthesize, and field test the sex attractant pheromone of adults ofMelanotus communis, commonly called the corn wireworm, the larvae of which are economically important pests of U.S. crops. Our results indicated that a single female-produced chemical, 13-tetradecenyl acetate, was strongly attractive to conspecific male beetles, and did not appear to attract other species. In field evaluations, maleM. communisexhibited a dose-dependent response to this compound. In a trial comparing different slow-release dispensers, a small rubber septum impregnated with the chemical was as effective as and easier to use than a plastic bag dispenser. Given that the sex attractant of this insect consists of a single compound that can be readily synthesized, its development for monitoring and management of the corn wireworm may be economically feasible.
Microwaves from mobile phone induce reactive oxygen species but not DNA damage, preleukemic fusion genes and apoptosis in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Durdik Matus , Kosik Pavol , Markova Eva , Somsedikova Alexandra , Gajdosechova Beata , Nikitina Ekaterina , Horvathova Eva , Kozics Katarina , Davis Devra , Belyaev Igor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) has been associated with the increased risk of childhood leukemia, which arises from mutations induced within hematopoietic stem cells often through preleukemic fusion genes (PFG). In this study we investigated whether exposure to microwaves (MW) emitted by mobile phones could induce various biochemical markers of cellular damage including reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA single and double strand breaks, PFG, and apoptosis in umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells including CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. UCB cells were exposed to MW pulsed signals from GSM900/UMTS test-mobile phone and ROS, apoptosis, DNA damage, and PFG were analyzed using flow cytometry, automated fluorescent microscopy, imaging flow cytometry, comet assay, and RT-qPCR. In general, no persisting difference in DNA damage, PFG and apoptosis between exposed and sham-exposed samples was detected. However, we found increased ROS level after 1 h of UMTS exposure that was not evident 3 h post-exposure. We also found that the level of ROS rise with the higher degree of cellular differentiation. Our data show that UCB cells exposed to pulsed MW developed transient increase in ROS that did not result in sustained DNA damage and apoptosis.
The shape of disposable diaper affects spontaneous movements of lower limbs in young infants
Authors: Gima Hirotaka , Teshima Midori , Tagami Etsuko , Sato Toshihiro , Ohta Hidenobu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study examined the characteristics of young infants’ lower limb spontaneous movements based on differences in shape of diapers. Twenty-seven healthy infants (103 ± 16.3 days old) were enrolled in this study. We measured the spontaneous movements of their lower limbs in four conditions (Naked, wearing Normal type diapers, wearing Type A diapers, and wearing Type B diapers). The Normal diaper has a wider waist belt than the Type A diaper, and the Type B diaper has a narrower crotch area than the Type A diaper. We observed them in seven indices (the velocity of lower limb movements, the trajectory area of knee movement in the sagittal plane and the frontal plane, the distance between both knees and between side of abdomen and knee, and correlation of velocities between side of abdomen and knee and between left and right ankles). The results showed that the velocity of the lower limb movements in the Naked condition was higher than when wearing Normal diapers. The value for the trajectory area of knee movement in sagittal plane, which reflects the range of lower leg lifting movements and closeness of such movements to the trunk, for the Type B diaper condition was higher than that for the Normal diaper condition. This result indicates that the shape of the diaper affects the spontaneous movements of the lower limbs of young infants.
New diphenylphosphane derivatives of ketoconazole are promising antifungal agents
Authors: de Almeida Rodrigo F. M. , Santos Filipa C. , Marycz Krzysztof , Alicka Michalina , Krasowska Anna , Suchodolski Jakub , Panek Jarosław J. , Jezierska Aneta , Starosta Radosław 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFour new derivatives of ketoconazole (Ke) were synthesized: diphenylphosphane (KeP), and phosphane chalcogenides: oxide (KeOP), sulphide (KeSP) and selenide (KeSeP). These compounds proved to be promising antifungal compounds towards Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, especially in synergy with fluconazole. Simulations of docking to the cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase (azoles’ primary molecular target) proved that the new Ke derivatives are capable of inhibiting this enzyme by binding to the active site. Cytotoxicity towards hACSs (human adipose-derived stromal cells) of the individual compounds was studied and the IC50 values were higher than the MIC50 for C. albicans and S. cerevisiae. KeP and KeOP increased the level of the p21 gene transcript but did not change the level of p53 gene transcript, a major regulator of apoptosis, and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Taken together, the results advocate that the new ketoconazole derivatives have a similar mechanism of action and block the lanosterol 14α-demethylase and thus inhibit the production of ergosterol in C. albicans membranes.
A suicide inhibitor of nematode trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatases
Authors: Cross Megan , York Mark , Długosz Ewa , Straub Jan Hendrik , Biberacher Sonja , Herath H. M. P. Dilrukshi , Logan Stephanie A. , Kim Jeong-Sun , Gasser Robin B. , Ryan John H. , Hofmann Andreas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProtein-based drug discovery strategies have the distinct advantage of providing insights into the molecular mechanisms of chemical effectors. Currently, there are no known trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) inhibitors that possess reasonable inhibition constants and chemical scaffolds amenable to convenient modification. In the present study, we subjected recombinant TPPs to a two-tiered screening approach to evaluate several diverse compound groups with respect to their potential as TPP inhibitors. From a total of 5452 compounds tested, N-(phenylthio)phthalimide was identified as an inhibitor of nematode TPPs with apparent Ki values of 1.0 μM and 0.56 μM against the enzymes from the zoonotic roundworms Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Toxocara canis, respectively. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate that this compound acts as a suicide inhibitor that conjugates a strictly conserved cysteine residue in the vicinity of the active site of nematode TPPs. The anthelmintic properties of N-(phenylthio)phthalimide were assessed in whole nematode assays using larvae of the ascaroids T. canis and T. cati, as well as the barber’s pole worm Haemonchus contortus. The compound was particularly effective against each of the ascaroids with an IC50 value of 9.3 μM in the survival assay of T. cati larvae, whereas no bioactivity was observed against H. contortus.