bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging for non‐contrast enhanced detection of myocardial fibrosis
Authors: López Karina , Neji Radhouene , Bustin Aurelien , Rashid Imran , Hajhosseiny Reza , Malik Shaihan J. , Teixeira Rui Pedro A. G. , Razavi Reza , Prieto Claudia , Roujol Sébastien , Botnar René M. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeTo develop a novel gadolinium‐free model‐based quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) technique to assess macromolecular changes associated with myocardial fibrosis.MethodsThe proposed sequence consists of a two‐dimensional breath‐held dual shot interleaved acquisition of five MT‐weighted (MTw) spoiled gradient echo images, with variable MT flip angles (FAs) and off‐resonance frequencies. A two‐pool exchange model and dictionary matching were used to quantify the pool size ratio (PSR) and bound pool T2 relaxation (). The signal model was developed and validated using 25 MTw images on a bovine serum albumin (BSA) phantom and in vivo human thigh muscle. A protocol with five MTw images was optimized for single breath‐hold cardiac qMT imaging. The proposed sequence was tested in 10 healthy subjects and 5 patients with myocardial fibrosis and compared to late gadolinium enhancement (LGE).ResultsPSR values in the BSA phantom were within the confidence interval of previously reported values (concentration 10% BSA = 5.9 ± 0.1%, 15% BSA = 9.4 ± 0.2%). PSR and in thigh muscle were also in agreement with literature (PSR = 10.9 ± 0.3%, = 6.4 ± 0.4 us). In 10 healthy subjects, global left ventricular PSR was 4.30 ± 0.65%. In patients, PSR was reduced in areas associated with LGE (remote: 4.68 ± 0.70% vs. fibrotic: 3.12 ± 0.78 %, n = 5, P < .002).ConclusionIn vivo model‐based qMT mapping of the heart was performed for the first time, with promising results for non‐contrast enhanced assessment of myocardial fibrosis.
Acquisition of monosomy 7 and a RUNX1 mutation in Pearson syndrome
Authors: Nishimura Akira , Hirabayashi Shinsuke , Hasegawa Daisuke , Yoshida Kenichi , Shiraishi Yuichi , Ashiarai Miho , Hosoya Yosuke , Fujiwara Tohru , Harigae Hideo , Miyano Satoru , Ogawa Seishi , Manabe Atsushi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPearson syndrome (PS) is a very rare and often fatal multisystem disease caused by deletions in mitochondrial DNA that result in sideroblastic anemia, vacuolization of marrow precursors, and pancreatic dysfunction. Spontaneous recovery from anemia is often observed within several years of diagnosis. We present the case of a 4‐month‐old male diagnosed with PS who experienced prolonged severe pancytopenia preceding the emergence of monosomy 7. Whole‐exome sequencing identified two somatic mutations, including RUNX1 p.S100F that was previously reported as associated with myeloid malignancies. The molecular defects associated with PS may have the potential to progress to advanced myelodysplastic syndrome .
Combination of electrochemical unit and ESI‐MS in fragmentation of flavonoids
Authors: Sagandykova Gulyaim N. , Szultka‐Młyńska Małgorzata , Walczak‐Skierska Justyna , Pomastowski Paweł P. , Buszewski Bogusław 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionPredictive approaches on the activity of natural compounds based on the fragmentation by instrumental techniques are important for consideration of such molecules as drug candidates and defining new structures with promising properties. Since flavonoids are well‐known antioxidants, their redox properties can be related to their pharmacological activity.ObjectivesIn this work, the potential of electrochemical unit coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) was assessed for fragmentation activity relationships studies of selected flavonoids.MethodologyMethodology of this research included electrochemical conversion of standards of flavonoids at different pH values and their further analysis with the use of ESI‐MS. In addition, signals obtained from the blank samples were also identified and used for interpretation due to electrochemical nature of the ESI source. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of flavonoids for 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant activity assays were analysed for possible correlation with the structures of flavonoids and products of electrochemical conversion.ResultsFragmentation activity relationships were suggested using the proposed approach and for some of the flavonoids it was not specific enough to determine the input of a particular structural feature to the activity, but for others they were in agreement with those found in the literature. Obtained results showed potential of the proposed approach for application in plant sciences as a fast pre‐screening tool for newly isolated bioactive compounds.
Understanding emotion awareness and emotion vocabulary in early primary school Vietnamese children: Quantitative and qualitative analyses
Authors: Le Hoang Huy The , Grégoire Jacques 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough being fundamental for both clinical and educational work with children, there is currently no in‐depth research on examining children's emotion awareness and vocabulary in Vietnam. The goal of this exploratory study is to determine the effect of children's gender, grade level, and socioeconomic background on their emotion awareness and vocabulary, and the semantic and grammatical diversity of Vietnamese children's emotional vocabulary. The sample included 264 Vietnamese children (M = 7.80, SD = .97, 43.18% boys) as well as their mothers. Quantitative findings suggested that children in Grade 3 more frequently quoted surprise‐ and anger‐related vocabulary than did those in lower grades. Children's socioeconomic background had a significant effect on both emotion awareness and vocabulary whereas gender did not. Qualitative analysis revealed diverse grammatical types to describe emotions, except idioms, as well as the presence of body‐related emotion vocabulary within children's records. Finally, a high prevalence of emotion words such as “happy” and “sad” was subject to further cross‐cultural review.
The effect of water activated by nonthermal air plasma on the growth of farm plants: Case of maize and barley
Authors: Ndiffo Yemeli Gervais B. , Švubová Renáta , Kostolani Dominik , Kyzek Stanislav , Machala Zdenko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effects of plasma‐activated water (PAW) generated by nonthermal air plasmas of transient spark with water electrospray or atmospheric glow discharge were investigated on maize (Zea mays L. var Saccharata) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings. PAW is characterized by measuring concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (H2O2, , ). After 4 weeks of plants growth, the effects of PAW are analyzed by measuring plant growth and physiological parameters: plant length and fresh weight, photosynthetic pigments concentration and photosynthesis rate, total soluble proteins, antioxidant enzyme activity, and DNA damage. The results suggest that PAW, depending on chemical composition, has the potential to improve the plant growth and influence the physiological parameters, while causing no harmful DNA damage.
Investigation on a series of 3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one based energetic derivatives: Molecular design and screening
Authors: Jin Xinghui , Xiao Menghui , Liu Luhao , Zhou Jianhua , Hu Bingcheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDensity functional theory calculations at B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) level were employed to investigate the relationships between the structures and properties of 3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one based high energy density materials (HEDMs). The results show that all the designed compounds possess high positive heats of formation and the N3/NN substituents were found to be the effective structural units to improve the heats of formation. The calculated detonation velocities and detonation pressures indicate that substituting the XNO2/NN groups were very useful for enhancing the detonation properties of these designed compounds. In view of the bond dissociation energies of the weakest bonds, it reveals that most of the derivatives have acceptable thermal stabilities and the CN groups were beneficial to improve their thermal stabilities. Overall, the effects of the energetic groups on all the parameters combined with those of the different bridges. Compared to those of 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane and 1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocane, four compounds (A7, B7, D7 and E7) were screened as possible HEDMs and their electronic structures were fully investigated to give better understanding of physicochemical properties and theoretical support for further experimental synthesis.
USGS44, a new high‐purity calcium carbonate reference material for δ13C measurements
Authors: Qi Haiping , Moossen Heiko , Meijer Harro A.J. , Coplen Tyler B. , Aerts‐Bijma Anita T. , Reid Lauren , Geilmann Heike , Richter Jürgen , Rothe Michael , Brand Willi A. , Toman Blaza , Benefield Jacqueline , Hélie Jean‐François 
Published: November 2020

RationaleThe stable carbon isotopic (δ13C) reference material (RM) LSVEC Li2CO3 has been found to be unsuitable for δ13C standardization work because its δ13C value increases with exposure to atmospheric CO2. A new CaCO3 RM, USGS44, has been prepared to alleviate this situation.MethodsUSGS44 was prepared from 8 kg of Merck high‐purity CaCO3. Two sets of δ13C values of USGS44 were determined. The first set of values was determined by online combustion, continuous‐flow (CF) isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) of NBS 19 CaCO3 (δ13CVPDB = +1.95 milliurey (mUr) exactly, where mUr = 0.001 = 1‰), and LSVEC Li2CO3 (δ13CVPDB = −46.6 mUr exactly), and normalized to the two‐anchor δ13CVPDB‐LSVEC isotope‐delta scale. The second set of values was obtained by dual‐inlet (DI)‐IRMS of CO2 evolved by reaction of H3PO4 with carbonates, corrected for cross contamination, and normalized to the single‐anchor δ13CVPDB scale.ResultsUSGS44 is stable and isotopically homogeneous to within 0.02 mUr in 100‐μg amounts. It has a δ13CVPDB‐LSVEC value of −42.21 ± 0.05 mUr. Single‐anchor δ13CVPDB values of −42.08 ± 0.01 and −41.99 ± 0.02 mUr were determined by DI‐IRMS with corrections for cross contamination.ConclusionsThe new high‐purity, well‐homogenized calcium carbonate isotopic reference material USGS44 is stable and has a δ13CVPDB‐LSVEC value of −42.21 ± 0.05 mUr for both EA/IRMS and DI‐IRMS measurements. As a carbonate relatively depleted in 13C, it is intended for daily use as a secondary isotopic reference material to normalize stable carbon isotope delta measurements to the δ13CVPDB‐LSVEC scale. It is useful in quantifying drift with time, determining mass‐dependent isotopic fractionation (linearity correction), and adjusting isotope‐ratio‐scale contraction. Due to its fine grain size (smaller than 63 μm), it is not suitable as a δ18O reference material. A δ13CVPDB‐LSVEC value of −29.99 ± 0.05 mUr was determined for NBS 22 oil.
Automation and robotics in the cultivation of pome fruit: Where do we stand today?
Authors: Verbiest Rafaël , Ruysen Kris , Vanwalleghem Tanja , Demeester Eric , Kellens Karel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe cultivation of apples and pears in orchards consists of several tasks that still demand much human labor. The cost of this skilled labor increases while the number of competent seasonal workers becomes insufficient. These facts are a threat to the fruit industry. To find a solution, this paper addresses current as well as future automation possibilities for the main orchard tasks as a profitable alternative to human labor. Besides an activity research in pome fruit orchards, this paper contains an overall review of the research and developments that have been performed to automate each major activity (e.g., pruning, thinning, spraying, harvesting and mobile navigating) in the cultivation of pome fruit. These tasks are individually evaluated on feasibility and profitability of the developed automations. Finally, this paper concludes that, despite the large amount of research, almost no fully automated and cost‐efficient solution has been developed. A possible option to increase the viability of the prototypes might be the simplification of the tree structures, and consequently the orchard architecture, to make it “robot‐ready.” Another option in this perspective is combining several techniques, for accomplishing individual tasks, in one multipurpose robot platform. As a result, the usability and efficiency of the robot increases.
The fermionic universal one-loop effective action
Authors: Ellis Sebastian A. R. , Quevillon Jérémie , Vuong Pham Ngoc Hoa , You Tevong , Zhang Zhengkang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recent development of path integral matching techniques based on the covariant derivative expansion has made manifest a universal structure of one-loop effective Lagrangians. The universal terms can be computed once and for all to serve as a reference for one-loop matching calculations and to ease their automation. Here we present the fermionic universal one-loop effective action (UOLEA), resulting from integrating out heavy fermions (Dirac or Majorana) with scalar, pseudo-scalar, vector and axial-vector couplings. We also clarify the relation of the new terms computed here to terms previously computed in the literature and those that remain to complete the UOLEA. Our results can be readily used to efficiently obtain analytical expressions for effective operators arising from heavy fermion loops [13].
Gauge boson signals at the cosmological collider
Authors: Wang Lian-Tao , Xianyu Zhong-Zhi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study the production of massive gauge bosons during inflation from the axion-type coupling to the inflaton and the corresponding oscillatory features in the primordial non-Gaussianity. In a window in which both the gauge boson mass and the chemical potential are large, the signal is potentially reachable by near-future large scale structure probes. This scenario covers a new region in oscillation frequency which is not populated by previously known cosmological collider models. We also demonstrate how to properly include the exponential factor and discuss the subtleties in obtaining power dependence of the gauge boson mass in the signal estimate.
„Antibiotic-stewardship“(ABS)-Strategien in der urologischen Praxis und Klinik
Authors: Lichtinger U. , Greifenberg V. , Gessner A. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungAntibiotika sind wirksame und sichere Arzneimittel und haben seit ihrer Einführung Millionen von Menschenleben gerettet. Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) hat die weltweit zunehmenden Antibiotikaresistenzen als eines der größten Gesundheitsprobleme der Gegenwart identifiziert. Zu den häufigsten Indikationen für eine Antibiotikatherapie gehören Harnwegsinfektionen, bei denen nach aktuellen Erfassungen in einem sehr hohen Prozentsatz allerdings nicht leitliniengerecht behandelt wird. Um die fortlaufende Selektion von resistenten Bakterien, und unerwünschte oder sogar gefährliche Nebenwirkungen wie z. B. durch Schädigungen des Mikrobioms der Patienten zu vermeiden, sind dringend Strategien zur Verbesserung der Antibiotikatherapie durch „antibiotic stewardship“ (ABS) erforderlich. Insbesondere für Urologen in der ambulanten Patientenversorgung bedarf es hierfür neuer, innovativer und nachhaltiger Schulungskonzepte, die Wissen kontinuierlich aktuell halten und sachgerechte Antibiotikaverschreibungen nachhaltig unterstützen.
Wechselwirkungen von radikaler Prostatovesikulektomie und Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms
Authors: Otto Wolfgang , Wieland Wolf F. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Frage, was zuerst war – in diesem Falle die Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms oder seine Therapie – erscheint auf den ersten Blick widersinnig und erinnert an die klassische metapherartige Problemstellung, die schon den griechischen Schriftsteller Plutarch (45–125) beschäftigte. Ist es heute selbstverständlich, dass vor der Behandlung einer Erkrankung die sichere Diagnosestellung steht, so muss dies medizinhistorisch jedoch als nicht konsistent erachtet werden. Die Anfänge der radikalen Prostatektomie zur Behandlung des Prostatakarzinoms lassen sich, ähnlich wie die ersten operativen Therapien von Nieren- und Harnblasentumoren, in der Pionierzeit der Organchirurgie im Deutschen Kaiserreich (1871–1918) verorten. Die Etablierung dieses Eingriffs in seiner heutigen Form mit größeren Fallzahlen ist wiederum dem Nestor der US-amerikanischen Urologie, Hugh Hampton Young (1870–1945), zu verdanken, der 1904 die erste aus heutiger Sicht als vollumfänglich zu bezeichnende perineale Prostatovesikulektomie durchführte. Wenngleich die Indikation seither weitgehend unverändert geblieben ist, war dieser Eingriff in den letzten Jahrzehnten doch umfangreichen Veränderungen unterworfen. Wie aber hat sich die Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms in dieser Zeitspanne entwickelt? Naturgemäß sehr viel dynamischer! Denn als der Leiteingriff Prostatovesikulektomie bereits etabliert war, begann im Laufe des 20. Jahrhunderts erst langsam, dann dynamischer deren Entwicklung. Wir stellen anhand medizin(histor)ischer Originalquellen daher nicht nur die Grundlagen und Weiterentwicklungen des etablierten und zugleich immer wieder Innovationen unterworfenen Leiteingriffs der Urologie vor, sondern gehen vielmehr auch auf wesentliche Umfeldentwicklungen benachbarter medizinischer Disziplinen ein. Erst diese Entwicklungen schafften übrigens auch die Grundlage für die korrekte Indikationsstellung und das Aufzeigen von Alternativen zur radikalen Prostatovesikulektomie.
QTL mapping of adult plant and seedling resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) in a multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) wheat population
Authors: Rollar Sandra , Serfling Albrecht , Geyer Manuel , Hartl Lorenz , Mohler Volker , Ordon Frank 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Key message
The Bavarian MAGIC Wheat population, comprising 394 F6:8 recombinant inbred lines was phenotyped for Puccinia triticina resistance in multi-years’ field trials at three locations and in a controlled environment seedling test. Simple intervall mapping revealed 19 QTL, corresponding to 11 distinct chromosomal regions.

Abstract
The biotrophic rust fungus Puccinia triticina is one of the most important wheat pathogens with the potential to cause yield losses up to 70%. Growing resistant cultivars is the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly way to encounter this problem. The emergence of leaf rust races being virulent against common resistance genes increases the demand for wheat varieties with novel resistances. In the past decade, the use of complex experimental populations, like multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) populations, has risen and offers great advantages for mapping resistances. The genetic diversity of multiple parents, which has been recombined over several generations, leads to a broad phenotypic diversity, suitable for high-resolution mapping of quantitative traits. In this study, interval mapping was performed to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for leaf rust resistance in the Bavarian MAGIC Wheat population, comprising 394 F6:8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Phenotypic evaluation of the RILs for adult plant resistance was carried out in field trials at three locations and two years, as well as in a controlled-environment seedling inoculation test. In total, interval mapping revealed 19 QTL, which corresponded to 11 distinct chromosomal regions controlling leaf rust resistance. Six of these regions may represent putative new QTL. Due to the elite parental material, RILs identified to be resistant to leaf rust can be easily introduced in breeding programs.
Effect of process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA2024 fabricated using selective laser melting
Authors: Pekok Mulla Ahmet , Setchi Rossitza , Ryan Michael , Han Quanquan , Gu Dongdong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSelective laser melting (SLM) offers significant benefits, including geometric freedom and rapid production, when compared with traditional manufacturing techniques. However, the materials available for SLM production remain limited, restricting the industrial adoption of the technology. The mechanical properties and microstructure of many aluminium alloys have not been fully explored, as their manufacturability using SLM is extremely challenging. This study investigates the effect of laser power, hatch spacing and scanning speed on the mechanical and microstructural properties of as-fabricated aluminium 2024 alloy (AA2024) manufactured using SLM. The results reveal that almost crack-free structures with high relative density (99.9%) and Archimedes density (99.7%) have been achieved. It is shown that when using low energy density (ED) levels, large cracks and porosities are a major problem, owing to incomplete fusion; however, small gas pores are prevalent at high-energy densities due to the dissolved gas particles in the melt pool. An inversely proportional relationship between ED and microhardness has also been observed. Lower ED decreases the melt pool size and temperature gradients but increases the cooling rate, creating a fine-grained microstructure, which restricts dislocation movement, therefore increasing the microhardness. The highest microhardness (116 HV0.2), which was obtained from one of the lowest EDs used (100 J/mm3), is 45% higher than as-cast AA2024-0, but 17% lower than wrought AA2024-T6 alloy.
Geriatrische Komplexbehandlung bei alterstraumatologischen Patienten
Authors: Palzer M. , Meyer U. , Abderhalden L. A. , Gazzotti A. , Hierholzer C. , Bischoff-Ferrari H. A. , Freystätter G. 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die geriatrische frührehabilitative Komplexbehandlung (GFK) wird bei hochbetagten hospitalisierten Patienten eingesetzt, um die Selbstversorgungsfähigkeit wiederherzustellen und eine Pflegebedürftigkeit zu vermeiden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der Arbeit war es, die Veränderungen von Mobilität und Selbsthilfefähigkeit bei alterstraumatologischen Patienten* im Rahmen der GFK zu beschreiben.

Material und Methoden
Mobilität, Ganggeschwindigkeit und Selbsthilfefähigkeit von 164 hospitalisierten Alterstraumatologiepatienten wurde zu Beginn und bei Abschluss der GFK erfasst. Wir analysierten die Veränderungen der Mobilität während GFK (t-Test), und welche Mobilitätsmerkmale mit einer Entlassung nach Hause vs. einer Entlassung in die Langzeitpflege assoziiert sind (alters- und geschlechtsadjustiertes Regressionsmodell).

Ergebnisse
Die Patienten verbesserten ihre Mobilität gemessen mittels Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) um 1,8 ± 2,1 Punkte, die Ganggeschwindigkeit um 0,10 ± 0,14 m/s und den Barthel-Index um 13 ± 16 Punkte (alle p < 0,001). Die Zahl nichtgehfähiger Patienten verringerte sich von 43 auf 14 % (p = 0,003). Die Mehrzahl (73 %) der vor der Hospitalisation zu Hause lebenden Patienten wurde direkt oder nach einer überbrückenden spitalexternen Rehabilitation nach Hause entlassen.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Datenanalyse zeigt signifikante und klinisch relevante Verbesserungen in den Bereichen Mobilität und Selbstständigkeit bei Alterstraumatologiepatienten. Die Mehrzahl der Patienten konnte wieder nach Hause austreten.