bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of 3D Printing Parameters on Self‐Driven Deformation Characteristics of Intelligent Hydrogel Actuators
Authors: Liang Yunhong , Liu Chang , Xiu Haohua , Chang Yanjiao , Zhao Qian , Ren Luquan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBy changing printing parameters, a serious of hydrogel actuators with high mechanical strength and multiple deformation were successfully prepared through three‐dimensional (3D) printing. Base on the enhancement role of cross‐linking density of hydrogel inks, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was treated as reinforcement phase to realize controllable regulation of rheology characteristics. With the increase of NFC content, stress and strain values of hydrogels increased gradually. Attributed to swelling rate and gel‐sol transition point, hydrogel with 12 mg/mL NFC was treated as 3D printing ink. The 3D printing parameters significantly affected self‐driven deformations. The hydrogel actuators with 0°/90°, 45°/135° and Archimedes chord configurations owned bending, spiral and twist deformations, respectively. The hydrogel actuators with relative larger length‐width ratio exhibited higher spiral degree. The high precise anisotropic swelling property of printed bilayer structure was the self‐driven deformation mechanism of hydrogel actuators. The combination of hydrogels and 3D printing extended the application of intelligent hydrogels.
Transformable Dual‐Inhibition System Effectively Suppresses Renal Cancer Metastasis through Blocking Endothelial Cells and Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Lu , Lv Yulin , Li Cong , Yang Guang , Fu Bo , Peng Qiang , Jian Lingrui , Hou Dayong , Wang Jiaqi , Zhao Changhao , Yang Peipei , Zhang Kuo , Wang Lei , Wang Ziqi , Wang Hao , Xu Wanhai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTumor vasculature and cancer stem cells (CSCs) accelerate the development of metastatic renal cancer. Dual inhibition of vascular endothelium and CSCs is still a challenge due to their different pathological features. Herein, a transformable dual‐inhibition system (TDS) based on a self‐assembly peptide is proposed to construct nanofibrous barriers on the cell membrane in situ, which contributes to 1) reducing endothelial permeability and angiogenesis; and 2) inhibiting stemness and metastasis of CSCs in renal cancer. TDS specifically targets overexpressed receptor CD105 that provides the possibility to modulate both endothelial cells and CSCs for cancer therapy. Subsequently, owing to ligand—receptor interaction‐induced transformation, the nanofibers form a barrier on the cell membrane. For vascular endothelium, TDS reduces the vascular permeability to 67.0% ± 4.7% and decreases angiogenesis to 62.0% ± 4.0%, thereby preventing the renal cancer metastasis. For human‐derived CSCs, TDS inhibits stemness by reducing endogenic miR‐19b and its transportation via CSCs‐derived exosomes, which increases PTEN expression and consequently suppresses CSCs‐mediated metastasis. In patient‐derived xenograft mice, TDS significantly inhibits the tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. It also reduces the metastatic nodules in lung 5.0‐fold compared with the control group. TDS opens up a promising avenue for suppressing the metastasis of cancer.
Soil Carbon
Authors: Berryman Erin , Hatten Jeffrey , Page-Dumroese Deborah S. , Heckman Katherine A. , D’Amore David V. , Puttere Jennifer , SanClements Michael , Connolly Stephanie J. , Perry Charles H. , Domke Grant M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoil organic matter (OM) is a pervasive material composed of carbon (C) and other elements. It includes the O horizon (e.g., litter and duff), senesced plant materials within the mineral soil matrix, dead organisms (including macroorganisms and microorganisms), microbial and root exudates, and organic materials adhering to mineral surfaces. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a very dynamic component of the soil; each year, the amount of SOC processed by microorganisms within the soil is roughly equal to the amount of inputs from plant detritus. The pervasive dynamic nature of SOC is key to the ecosystem service, or “the benefits people obtain from ecosystems” (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2003), that SOC provides.
Identity Theories in Economics: A Phenomenological Approach
Authors: Anton Mlinar Ivana , Crespo Ricardo F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAfter the seminal 2001 paper written by George Akerlof and Rachel Kranton, the field of identity economics has increasingly developed. This paper presents a new approach to the definition of economic agents’ identity, sketching first the conditions required for an appropriate notion regarding the identity of economic agents. Next, it summarizes earlier views outlined by Akerlof and Kranton, Amartya Sen, Miriam Teschl and Alan Kirman, and John B. Davis. Finally, it introduces a phenomenological approach – following E. Husserl’s and K. Wojtyla’s contributions – combining ‘intentionality’, ‘position-takings’ and ‘habitualities’ as constitutive features of the experience of the acting personal self, to provide a satisfactory identity concept for economic agents.
How (Not) to Connect Ethics and Economics: Epistemological and Metaethical Problems for the Perfectly Competitive Market
Authors: Safarlou Caspar Willem 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses Joseph Heath’s attempt to derive moral obligations from the conditions that are specified by the model of the perfectly competitive market. Through his market failures approach to business ethics he argues that firms should behave as if they are operating in a perfectly competitive market. However, I argue that this derivation of moral obligations runs counter to the metaethical principle that moral actions need to be voluntarily chosen from a set of alternatives. To the extent that Milton Friedman’s derivation follows the same lines, my objection is also applicable to his approach to business ethics. I bring out the fact that the conditions required by the model of the perfectly competitive market cannot be realized in the actual world and argue that this causes problems for any moral obligations that might follow. My objection is illustrated by an intuitive example of someone set to an impossible task. I also bring in a way that Heath could work around this objection, but I argue that this would imply the collapse of his approach into another kind of theory that he wishes to distinguish himself from. More deeply, I show that my metaethical objection has epistemological consequences that undermine the very basis of the model of the perfectly competitive market. I conclude by stating that we need a different conception of competition, pointing to the facts that such a perspective would need to take into account, and suggesting that the concept of rivalry is up to the job.
Neutrino mass, mixing and muon g − 2 explanation in $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$ extension of left-right theory
Authors: Majumdar Chayan , Patra Sudhanwa , Pritimita Prativa , Senapati Supriya , Yajnik Urjit A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We consider a gauged $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$
U

1

L
μ

−

L
τ

extension of the left-right symmetric theory in order to simultaneously explain neutrino mass, mixing and the muon anomalous magnetic moment. We get sizeable contribution from the interaction of the new light gauge boson Zμτ of the $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$
U

1

L
μ

−

L
τ

symmetry with muons which can individually satisfy the current bounds on muon (g − 2) anomaly (∆aμ). The other positive contributions to ∆aμ come from the interactions of singly charged gauge bosons WL, WR with heavy neutral fermions and that of neutral CP-even scalars with muons. The interaction of WL with heavy neutrino is facilitated by inverse seesaw mechanism which allows large light-heavy neutrino mixing and explains neutrino mass in our model. CP-even scalars with mass around few hundreds GeV can also satisfy the entire current muon anomaly bound. The results show that the model gives a small but non-negligible contribution to ∆aμ thereby eliminating the entire deviation in theoretical prediction and experimental result of muon (g − 2) anomaly. We have briefly presented a comparative study for symmetric and asymmetric left-right symmetric model in context of various contribution to ∆aμ. We also discuss how the generation of neutrino mass is affected when left-right symmetry breaks down to Standard Model symmetry via various choices of scalars.
Logarithmic negativity in quantum Lifshitz theories
Authors: Angel-Ramelli J. , Berthiere C. , Puletti V. Giangreco M. , Thorlacius L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We investigate quantum entanglement in a non-relativistic critical system by calculating the logarithmic negativity of a class of mixed states in the quantum Lifshitz model in one and two spatial dimensions. In 1+1 dimensions we employ a correlator approach to obtain analytic results for both open and periodic biharmonic chains. In 2+1 dimensions we use a replica method and consider spherical and toroidal spatial manifolds. In all cases, the universal finite part of the logarithmic negativity vanishes for mixed states defined on two disjoint components. For mixed states defined on adjacent components, we find a non-trivial logarithmic negativity reminiscent of two-dimensional conformal field theories. As a byproduct of our calculations, we obtain exact results for the odd entanglement entropy in 2+1 dimensions.
Black rubber and the non-linear elastic response of scale invariant solids
Authors: Baggioli Matteo , Castillo Víctor Cáncer , Pujolàs Oriol 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We discuss the nonlinear elastic response in scale invariant solids. Following previous work, we split the analysis into two basic options: according to whether scale invariance (SI) is a manifest or a spontaneously broken symmetry. In the latter case, one can employ effective field theory methods, whereas in the former we use holographic methods. We focus on a simple class of holographic models that exhibit elastic behaviour, and obtain their nonlinear stress-strain curves as well as an estimate of the elasticity bounds — the maximum possible deformation in the elastic (reversible) regime. The bounds differ substantially in the manifest or spontaneously broken SI cases, even when the same stress- strain curve is assumed in both cases. Additionally, the hyper-elastic subset of models (that allow for large deformations) is found to have stress-strain curves akin to natural rubber. The holographic instances in this category, which we dub black rubber, display richer stress- strain curves — with two different power-law regimes at different magnitudes of the strain.
Building a consistent parton shower
Authors: Forshaw Jeffrey R. , Holguin Jack , Plätzer Simon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Modern parton showers are built using one of two models: dipole showers or angular ordered showers. Both have distinct strengths and weaknesses. Dipole showers correctly account for wide-angle, soft gluon emissions and track the leading flows in QCD colour charge but they are known to mishandle partonic recoil. Angular ordered showers keep better track of partonic recoil and correctly include large amounts of wide-angle, soft physics but azimuthal averaging means they are known to mishandle some correlations. In this paper, we derive both approaches from the same starting point; linking our under- standing of the two showers. This insight allows us to construct a new dipole shower that has all the strengths of a standard dipole shower together with the collinear evolution of an angular-ordered shower. We show that this new approach corrects the next-to-leading- log errors previously observed in parton showers and improves their sub-leading-colour accuracy.
Complex Langevin analysis of 2D U(1) gauge theory on a torus with a θ term
Authors: Hirasawa Mitsuaki , Matsumoto Akira , Nishimura Jun , Yosprakob Atis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Monte Carlo simulation of gauge theories with a θ term is known to be extremely difficult due to the sign problem. Recently there has been major progress in solving this problem based on the idea of complexifying dynamical variables. Here we consider the complex Langevin method (CLM), which is a promising approach for its low computational cost. The drawback of this method, however, is the existence of a condition that has to be met in order for the results to be correct. As a first step, we apply the method to 2D U(1) gauge theory on a torus with a θ term, which can be solved analytically. We find that a naive implementation of the method fails because of the topological nature of the θ term. In order to circumvent this problem, we simulate the same theory on a punctured torus, which is equivalent to the original model in the infinite volume limit for |θ| < π. Rather surprisingly, we find that the CLM works and reproduces the exact results for a punctured torus even at large θ, where the link variables near the puncture become very far from being unitary.
Predictive S4 flavon model with TM1 mixing and baryogenesis through leptogenesis
Authors: Chakraborty Mainak , Krishnan R. , Ghosal Ambar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We use S4 discrete group to construct a neutrino flavour model which leads to T M1 mixing and is consistent with the neutrino oscillation data. Using the model’s constrained parameter space, we predict the values of Dirac C P phase and the light neutrino mass as −1 < sin δ < −0.9 and 1.7 < m1(meV) < 5.5 respectively. We thoroughly examine the usefulness of this model in explaining the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe. Near-maximal breaking of CP symmetry (arising due to the TM1 constraint) helps us in generating adequate baryon asymmetry through leptogenesis. We study the evolution of the asymmetry (generated due to the decay of the heavy Majorana neutrinos) starting from the primordial Universe in two different ways (i)explicitly solving network of Boltzmann equations, (ii) using approximate analytic solution and we have shown the extent of their equivalence. Nearly accurate analytical fits are used thereafter to evaluate baryon asymmetry for the whole parameter space allowed by 3σ global fit of oscillation data and to impose a constraint on the yet unbounded mass scale parameter of Dirac neutrino mass matrix. Furthermore, significant contribution of N2 decay in the context of flavoured leptogenesis is also estimated.
Quantum quench and thermalization to GGE in arbitrary dimensions and the odd-even effect
Authors: Banerjee Parijat , Gaikwad Adwait , Kaushal Anurag , Mandal Gautam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In many quantum quench experiments involving cold atom systems the post-quench phase can be described by a quantum field theory of free scalars or fermions, typically in a box or in an external potential. We will study mass quench of free scalars in arbitrary spatial dimensions d with particular emphasis on the rate of relaxation to equilibrium. Local correlators expectedly equilibrate to GGE; for quench to zero mass, interestingly the rate of approach to equilibrium is exponential or power law depending on whether d is odd or even respectively. For quench to non-zero mass, the correlators relax to equilibrium by a cosine-modulated power law, for all spatial dimensions d, even or odd. We briefly discuss generalization to O(N ) models.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is regulated by HIF-1α and cAMP and promotes renal cyst cell proliferation in a macrophage-independent manner
Authors: Safi Wajima , Kraus Andre , Grampp Steffen , Schödel Johannes , Buchholz Bjoern 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Progressive cyst growth leads to decline of renal function in polycystic kidney disease. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was found to be upregulated in cyst-lining cells in a mouse model of polycystic kidney disease and to promote cyst growth. In addition, MIF can be secreted by tubular cells and may contribute to cyst growth in an autocrine manner. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to induction of MIF in cyst-lining cells remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) 1α upregulates MIF in cyst-lining cells in a tubule-specific PKD1 knockout mouse. Pharmacological stabilization of HIF-1α resulted in significant increase of MIF in cyst epithelial cells whereas tubule-specific knockout of HIF-1α prevented MIF upregulation. Identical regulation could be found for ABCA1, which has been shown to act as a transport protein for MIF. Furthermore, we show that MIF and ABCA1 are direct target genes of HIF-1α in human primary tubular cells. Next to HIF-1α and hypoxia, we found MIF being additionally regulated by cAMP which is a strong promotor of cyst growth. In line with these findings, HIF-1α- and cAMP-dependent in vitro cyst growth could be decreased by the MIF-inhibitor ISO-1 which resulted in reduced cyst cell proliferation. In conclusion, HIF-1α and cAMP regulate MIF in primary tubular cells and cyst-lining epithelial cells, and MIF promotes cyst growth in the absence of macrophages. In line with these findings, the MIF inhibitor ISO-1 attenuates HIF-1α- and cAMP-dependent in vitro cyst enlargement.

Key messages
• MIF is upregulated in cyst-lining cells in a polycystic kidney disease mouse model.
• MIF upregulation is mediated by hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) 1α.
• ABCA1, transport protein for MIF, is also regulated by HIF-1α in vitro and in vivo.
• MIF is additionally regulated by cAMP, a strong promotor of cyst growth.
• MIF-inhibitor ISO-1 reduces HIF-1α- and cAMP-dependent cyst growth.
Label-free CARS microscopy reveals similar triacylglycerol acyl chain length and saturation in myocellular lipid droplets of athletes and individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Daemen Sabine , Gemmink Anne , Paul Alexandra , Billecke Nils , Rieger Katrina , Parekh Sapun H. , Hesselink Matthijs K. C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content associates with development of insulin resistance, albeit not in insulin-sensitive endurance-trained athletes (trained). Qualitative and spatial differences in muscle lipid composition may underlie this so-called athlete’s paradox. Here we studied triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of individual myocellular lipid droplets (LDs) in trained individuals and individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods
Trained ($$ \dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\max } $$

V
̇

O

2
max

71.0 ± 1.6 ml O2 [kg lean body mass (LBM)]−1 min−1), normoglycaemic (fasting glucose 5.1 ± 0.1 mmol/l) individuals and untrained ($$ \dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\max } $$

V
̇

O

2
max

36.8 ± 1.5 ml O2 [kg LBM]−1 min−1) individuals with type 2 diabetes (fasting glucose 7.4 ± 0.5 mmol/l), with similar IMCL content (3.5 ± 0.7% vs 2.5 ± 0.3%, p = 0.241), but at opposite ends of the insulin sensitivity spectrum (glucose infusion rate 93.8 ± 6.6 vs 25.7 ± 5.3 μmol [kg LBM]−1 min−1 for trained individuals and those with type 2 diabetes, respectively) were included from our database in the present study. We applied in situ label-free broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy to sections from skeletal muscle biopsies to measure TAG acyl chain length and saturation of myocellular LDs. This approach uniquely permits examination of individual LDs in their native environment, in a fibre-type-specific manner, taking into account LD size and subcellular location.

Results
Despite a significant difference in insulin sensitivity, we observed remarkably similar acyl chain length and saturation in trained and type 2 diabetic individuals (chain length: 18.12 ± 0.61 vs 18.36 ± 0.43 number of carbons; saturation: 0.37 ± 0.05 vs 0.38 ± 0.06 number of C=C bonds). Longer acyl chains or higher saturation (lower C=C number) could be detected in subpopulations of LDs, i.e. large LDs (chain length: 18.11 ± 0.48 vs 18.63 ± 0.57 carbon number) and subsarcolemmal LDs (saturation: 0.34 ± 0.02 vs 0.36 ± 0.04 C=C number), which are more abundant in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions/interpretation
In contrast to reports of profound differences in the lipid composition of lipids extracted from skeletal muscle from trained and type 2 diabetic individuals, our in situ, LD-specific approach detected only modest differences in TAG composition in LD subpopulations, which were dependent on LD size and subcellular location. If, and to what extent, these modest differences can impact insulin sensitivity remains to be elucidated.
In vitro biotransformation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in different species: part II—identification and quantitative assessment of the metabolite profile of six structurally different pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Authors: Geburek Ina , Schrenk Dieter , These Anja 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) exert their toxic effects only after bioactivation. Although their toxicity has already been studied and metabolic pathways including important metabolites were described, the quantification of the latter revealed a large unknown portion of the metabolized PA. In this study, the qualitative and quantitative metabolite profiles of structurally different PAs in rat and human liver microsomes were investigated. Between five metabolites for europine and up to 48 metabolites for lasiocarpine were detected. Proposals for the chemical structure of each metabolite were derived based on fragmentation patterns using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The metabolite profiles of the diester PAs showed a relatively good agreement between both species. The metabolic reactions were summarized into three groups: dehydrogenation, oxygenation, and shortening of necic acid(s). While dehydrogenation of the necine base is considered as bioactivation, both other routes are considered as detoxification steps. The most abundant changes found for open chained diesters were dealkylations, while the major metabolic pathway for cyclic diesters was oxygenation especially at the nitrogen atom. In addition, all diester PAs formed several dehydrogenation products, via the insertion of a second double bond in the necine base, including the formation of glutathione conjugates. In rat liver microsomes, all investigated PAs formed dehydropyrrolizidine metabolites with the highest amount formed by lasiocarpine, whereas in human liver microsomes, these metabolites could only be detected for diesters. Our findings demonstrate that an extensive analysis of PA metabolism can provide the basis for a better understanding of PA toxicity and support future risk assessment.