bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Array of Ringing Global Free Modes Discovered in Tropical Surface Pressure Data
Authors: Sakazaki Takatoshi , Hamilton Kevin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe used newly available ERA5 hourly global data to examine the variations of atmospheric circulation on global scales and high frequencies. The space–time spectrum of surface pressure displays a typical red background spectrum but also a striking number of isolated peaks. Some peaks represent astronomically forced tides, but we show that most peaks are manifestations of the ringing of randomly excited global-scale resonant modes, reminiscent of the tones in a spectrum of a vibrating musical instrument. A few such modes have been tentatively identified in earlier observational investigations, but we demonstrate the existence of a large array of normal mode oscillations with periods as short as 2 h. This is a powerful and uniquely detailed confirmation of the predictions of the theory of global oscillations that has its roots in the work of Laplace two centuries ago. The delineation of the properties of the modes provides valuable diagnostic information about the atmospheric circulation. Notably the amplitudes and widths of the normal mode spectral peaks contain information on the forcing mechanisms and energy dissipation for the modes, and the simulation of these properties for each of the many modes we have identified can serve as tests for global climate and weather prediction models.
North Pacific Upper-Ocean Cold Temperature Biases in CMIP6 Simulations and the Role of Regional Vertical Mixing
Authors: Zhu Yuchao , Zhang Rong-Hua , Sun Jichang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSubstantial model biases are still prominent even in the latest CMIP6 simulations; attributing their causes is defined as one of the three main scientific questions addressed in CMIP6. In this paper, cold temperature biases in the North Pacific subtropics are investigated using simulations from the newly released CMIP6 models, together with other related modeling products. In addition, ocean-only sensitivity experiments are performed to characterize the biases, with a focus on the role of oceanic vertical mixing schemes. Based on the Argo-derived diffusivity, idealized vertical diffusivity fields are designed to mimic the seasonality of vertical mixing in this region, and are employed in ocean-only simulations to test the sensitivity of this cold bias to oceanic vertical mixing. It is demonstrated that the cold temperature biases can be reduced when the mixing strength is enhanced within and beneath the surface boundary layer. Additionally, the temperature simulations are rather sensitive to the parameterization of static instability, and the cold biases can be reduced when the vertical diffusivity for convection is increased. These indicate that the cold temperature biases in the North Pacific can be largely attributed to biases in oceanic vertical mixing within ocean-only simulations, which likely contribute to the even larger biases seen in coupled simulations. This study therefore highlights the need for improved oceanic vertical mixing in order to reduce these persistent cold temperature biases seen across several CMIP models.
Validation of High-Resolution Gridded Rainfall Datasets for Climate Applications in the Philippines
Authors: Peralta J. C. Albert C. , Narisma Gemma Teresa T. , Cruz Faye Abigail T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGridded rainfall products could augment the shortage of available rainfall data in archipelagic countries like the Philippines, where weather stations are still sparsely distributed especially over its remote and less-developed islands. However, these products need to be validated first using ground measurements to determine their ability to represent properties of local rainfall. This study compares four high-resolution, gridded datasets—APHRODITEv1101, CHIRPSv2, TRMM 3B42v7, and PERSIANN-CDR—with respect to 49 synoptic weather stations over the Philippines from 1998 to 2005. The performance of these datasets was assessed in terms of bias, distribution, and different statistical error metrics and skill scores across time scales and climate types. Results show that all the datasets were able to capture the basic climatology and to varying extents, spatial patterns of Philippine rainfall. TRMM 3B42v7 has the least overall average monthly bias and most closely resembles the rainfall distribution observed at weather stations, especially dry days and torrential rain days for the whole Philippines. APHRODITEv1101 performs best in terms of error metrics and skill scores but displays consistent underestimates. CHIRPSv2, on the other hand, best captures the seasonal rainfall peaks in the different climate types in the Philippines but is prone to larger errors. Last, PERSIANN-CDR shows generally poor metrics and rainfall distributions, in comparison to the other datasets. These key findings are used to identify possible research applications in the Philippines that are best suited for each dataset.
Potential Impacts of Assimilating All-Sky Satellite Infrared Radiances on Convection-Permitting Analysis and Prediction of Tropical Convection
Authors: Chan Man-Yau , Zhang Fuqing , Chen Xingchao , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGeostationary infrared satellite observations are spatially dense [>1/(20 km)2] and temporally frequent (>1 h−1). These suggest the possibility of using these observations to constrain subsynoptic features over data-sparse regions, such as tropical oceans. In this study, the potential impacts of assimilating water vapor channel brightness temperature (WV-BT) observations from the geostationary Meteorological Satellite 7 (Meteosat-7) on tropical convection analysis and prediction were systematically examined through a series of ensemble data assimilation experiments. WV-BT observations were assimilated hourly into convection-permitting ensembles using Penn State’s ensemble square root filter (EnSRF). Comparisons against the independently observed Meteosat-7 window channel brightness temperature (Window-BT) show that the assimilation of WV-BT generally improved the intensities and locations of large-scale cloud patterns at spatial scales larger than 100 km. However, comparisons against independent soundings indicate that the EnSRF analysis produced a much stronger dry bias than the no data assimilation experiment. This strong dry bias is associated with the use of the simulated WV-BT from the prior mean during the EnSRF analysis step. A stochastic variant of the ensemble Kalman filter (NoMeanSF) is proposed. The NoMeanSF algorithm was able to assimilate the WV-BT without causing such a strong dry bias and the quality of the analyses’ horizontal cloud pattern is similar to EnSRF’s analyses. Finally, deterministic forecasts initiated from the NoMeanSF analyses possess better horizontal cloud patterns above 500 km than those of the EnSRF. These results suggest that it might be better to assimilate all-sky WV-BT through the NoMeanSF algorithm than the EnSRF algorithm.
Childhood maltreatment in individuals at risk of psychosis: Results from the Brazilian SSAPP cohort
Authors: Freitas Elder Lanzani , Loch Alexandre Andrade , Chianca Camille , Andrade Julio Cesar , Serpa Mauricio Henriques , Alves Tania Maria , Hortêncio Lucas , Pinto Marcel Tavares Camilo , van de Bilt Martinus Theodorus , Gattaz Wagner Farid , Rössler Wulf 
Published: May 2020

Background: Childhood maltreatment is a known risk factor for the development of mental disorders, such as psychotic symptoms. An extensive body of literature about childhood maltreatment and mental health has been developed in wealthy countries, but information about this connection is lacking in developing countries. Aims: To explore a possible relationship between childhood maltreatment and ultra-high risk of psychosis in a non-help-seeking population in a low- and middle-income country. Methods: A household survey was conducted in Sao Paulo, Brazil, involving over 2,500 individuals aged 18–30 years who were randomly selected from the general population. The participants underwent screening with the Prodromal Questionnaire. Ultra-high risk status was assessed using the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes, and childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The final sample comprised 87 ultra-high risk individuals and 115 controls. Results: Childhood maltreatment was significantly more present among ultra-high risk individuals. In ultra-high risk individuals, physical and emotional neglect were inversely related to grandiosity symptoms, physical abuse was related to perceptual abnormalities and physical neglect was related to disorganized speech and thought. Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and ultra-high risk status and psychopathological features in a large Latin American sample. Further studies in this field are necessary to better understand the specific influence of various early life adversities on psychosis risk.
Laser-Assisted Lithotripsy With Sialendoscopy: Systematic Review of YO-IFOS Head and Neck Study Group
Authors: Chiesa-Estomba Carlos Miguel , Saga-Gutierrez Carlos , Calvo-Henriquez Christian , Lechien Jérome Rene , Cartier César , Mayo-Yanez Miguel , Larruscain-Sarasola Ehkiñe , Ayad Tareck , Walvekar Rohan R. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Sialolithiasis is the most common cause of symptomatic obstructive sialadenitis. Sialendoscopy represent a minimally invasive technique that has evolved significantly in the last 2 decades, with high success rates in managing sialolithiasis and allowing gland preservation. Lithotripsy assisted or not by laser represents the fragmentation of stone or lithiasis within the salivary duct followed immediately by removal of the fragmented pieces. Material and Methods: A systematic review investigating the role of laser-assisted lithotripsy with sialendoscopy (LAS) in the treatment of sialolithiasis was performed. Results: Sixteen papers meet inclusion criteria. The mean maximum diameter of lithiasis was 7.11 mm (min: 2 mm/max: 17 mm; standard deviation [SD]: 2.33; 95% CI = 1.573-4.463). Success rate described ranging from 71% to 100% with a mean of 87.3% (SD: 7.21; 95% CI: 5.326-11.158) and the gland preservation rate was 97%. Considering only “non retrievable–non floating stones” studies that include both parotid and submandibular stones: Eight clinical retrospectives, nonrandomized studies and 1 prospective, nonrandomized study report results from parotid and submandibular gland lithiasis. According to this, the most common gland involved was the submandibular gland (n = 153; 65.1%), in comparison to the parotid gland (n = 82; 34.8%). Conclusion: The current evidence supports LAS as a conservative, efficient, safe, and gland-preserving alternative technique, in experienced hands, for management of mid-size sialolith removal from major salivary glands, when the indication is appropriate.
Afterthoughts on colonoscopy. Was it that bad?
Authors: Decruz Glenn M , Ng Cheng H , Lim Kia T , Devi M K , Lim Frances , Tai Chia H , Chong Choon S 
Published: May 2020

Objectives Colorectal cancer is among the top three most common cancers globally. In order to reduce the health burden, it is important to improve the uptake of colorectal cancer screening by understanding the barriers and facilitators encountered. There are numerous reports in the literature on the views of the general public on cancer screening. However, the experiences of colonoscopy patients are not as well studied. This paper maps their perceptions. Methods Keyword searches for terms such as ‘colorectal’, ‘colonoscopy’ and ‘qualitative’ were conducted on 3 December 2019 in five databases: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science Core Collection. Qualitative articles that quoted colonoscopy-experienced patients with no prior history of colorectal cancer were included for the thematic analysis. The systematic review was then synthesized according to PRISMA guidelines. Results The major themes were distilled into three categories: pre-procedure, during and post-procedure. The factors identified in the pre-procedure phase include the troublesome bowel preparation, poor quality of information provided and the dynamics within a support network. Perceptions of pain, emotional discomfort and the role of providers mark the experience during the procedure. The receipt of results, opportunities given for discussion and finances relating to colonoscopy are important post-procedure events. Conclusion Understanding colorectal cancer screening behaviour is fundamental for healthcare providers and authorities to develop system and personal level changes for the improvement of colorectal cancer screening services. The key areas include patient comfort, the use of clearer instructional aids and graphics, establishing good patient rapport, and the availability of individualized options for sedation and the procedure.
Life, liberty and the therapeutic relationship: examining the place of compulsory treatment in modern psychiatry
Authors: Hegarty Lachlan , Brusasco Mikaela 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Compulsory treatment in psychiatry is controversial and its use has been increasingly critiqued following the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006. This essay seeks to explore whether the restriction of personal liberty and autonomy that compulsory treatment requires can be justified on ethical or medical grounds. Conclusions: Compulsory treatment is not without potential harms to the doctor–patient therapeutic relationship and patient engagement with mental health services. However, we contend that the clinical and societal benefits of compulsory treatment justify its practice and that, paradoxically, compulsory treatment is necessary for the restoration of a patient’s autonomy rather than its dispossession.
B·RIGHT: usability and satisfaction with a mobile app for self-managing emotional crises in patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Frías Álvaro , Palma Carol , Salvador Ana , Aluco Elena , Navarro Sara , Farriols Núria , Aliaga Ferrán , Solves Laia , Antón Meritxell 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental disorder characterized by emotional crises. To date, crisis interventions for BPD have been conducted via telephone calls and emergency units, which are associated with an extra amount of resources. The aim of this research was to test the usability and satisfaction with a psychotherapeutic mobile app for self-managing crises in BPD. Method: The B·RIGHT app was designed based on Artificial Intelligence psychotherapeutic algorithms. Usability and satisfaction with the app were assessed in 25 outpatients diagnosed with BPD (84% female, mean age = 35.80 years) using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and other questionnaires. Clinical features were assessed using the Borderline Symptom List, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and Beck’s Depression Inventory. Results: Patients with BPD considered the app user-friendly (mean total score = 4.03) and highly satisfactory (mean total score = 4.02), resulting in a positive user experience (mean total score = 4.09). Total usability was negatively associated with age ( r = −.44), positively associated with educational level ( rho = .47) and with overall emotion dysregulation ( r = .51), and negatively associated with depression severity ( r = −.47). Conclusions: The usability and satisfaction testing of the B·RIGHT app showed promising findings, which warrant further research in order to validate its effectiveness.
Multiplanar Semiautomatic Assessment of Foot and Ankle Offset in Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity
Authors: de Cesar Netto Cesar , Bang Katrina , Mansur Nacime Salomao , Garfinkel Jonathan H. , Bernasconi Alessio , Lintz Francois , Deland Jonathan T. , Ellis Scott J. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Semiautomatic 3-dimensional (3D) biometric weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) tools have been shown to adequately demonstrate the relationship between the center of the ankle joint and the tripod of the foot. The measurement of the foot and ankle offset (FAO) represents an optimized biomechanical assessment of foot alignment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between FAO and traditional adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) markers, measured in different planes. We hypothesized that the FAO would significantly correlate with other radiographic markers of pronounced AAFD. Methods: In this retrospective comparative study, we included 113 patients with stage II AAFD, 43 men and 70 women, mean age of 53.5 (range, 20-86) years. 3D coordinates (x, y, and z planes) of the foot tripod (most plantar voxel of the first and fifth metatarsal heads, and calcaneal tuberosity) and the center of the ankle joint (most proximal and central voxel of the talar dome) were assessed by 2 blinded and independent fellowship-trained orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons. The FAO was automatically calculated using the 3D coordinates by dedicated software. Multiple WBCT parameters related to the severity of the deformity in the coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes were manually measured. Results: We found overall good to excellent intra- (range, 0.75-0.99) and interobserver (range, 0.73-0.99) reliability for manual AAFD measurements. FAO semiautomatic measurements demonstrated excellent intra- (0.99) and interobserver (0.99) reliabilities. Hindfoot moment arm (HMA) ( P < .00001), subtalar horizontal angle ( P < .00001), talonavicular coverage angle ( P = .00004), and forefoot arch angle ( P = .0001) were the only variables found to significantly influence and correlate with FAO measurements, with an R2 value of 0.79. An HMA value of 19.8 mm was found to be a strong threshold predictor of increased values of FAO, with mean values of FAO of 6.5 when the HMA was lower than 19.8 mm and 14.6 when the HMA was equal to or higher than 19.8 mm. Conclusion: We found that 3D WBCT semiautomatic measurements of FAO significantly correlated with some traditional markers of pronounced AAFD. Measurements of FAO were also found to be slightly more reliable than the manual measurements. The FAO offers a simple and more complete biomechanical and multiplanar assessment of the AAFD, representing in a single measurement the 3D components of the deformity. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Human Imprint and Spatial Projection. An Interpretation of the Evolution of Paradigms of University Architecture as Inhabited Landscapes: Quadrangle, Yard, and Campus
Authors: CAMPOS Pablo , Wilson Richard Guy , Turner Paul Venable 
Published: May 2020

Physical spaces are a critical component for a sound human education, the true mission of universities. History has demonstrated that the most relevant paradigms have been generated under two essential influences: the human imprint, in terms of the affective conditioning of exemplary cases, placing the core of the educational activity in the human being, and spatial projection, where institutions have shown their intentions, centripetal or centrifugal, encompassing both inner areas or those belonging to the urban and social context. This article sets out an interpretation of exemplary university cases: quadrangle, yard, and campus, as identified in some historical institutions: Emmanuel College (Cambridge, England), Harvard College, College of William & Mary, Union College, University of Virginia, and Stanford University (in the USA). Through an innovative reading of their genesis and evolution, their seats are interpreted as inhabited landscapes, remarking the notion of university architectural bodies as spaces of interaction between people and landscape.
A native-like adult L2 Korean learner’s agentive acquisition of Korean relative clauses
Authors: Kang Dae-Min 
Published: May 2020

Aims and objectives: Despite considerable interest in second language (L2) relative clauses (RCs)—one of the most difficult grammatical structures to learn—and in learner agency, few research efforts have been made to investigate how the latter informs the acquisition of the former. The current study looks at a native-like adult L2 Korean learner’s comprehension/production of Korean RCs and the trajectory of his acquisition of the RCs. Methodology: The research instruments consisted of RC comprehension/production tasks and autobiographic interviews. Data and analysis: The L2 learner’s responses in the comprehension task and those in the production task (audio-recorded) were reviewed for their accuracy. The processes of analyzing the interview data involved labeling themes/concepts forming from the data and interlinking categories to create larger, more general categories. Findings: The results indicated that the L2 learner’s performance on the tasks was native-like, and that he had actively exercised his learner agency which had dynamically interacted with context to achieve such native-likeness. Originality: This study distinguishes itself from the few previous studies on exceptional adult L2 learners by focusing on grammatical competence in relation to agency. Significance: The current interpretive study—which used autobiographical interviews to examine the dynamic trajectory of L2 RC acquisition—indicates the importance of an L2 learner’s agency.
Endovascular approach for acute limb ischemia without thrombolytic therapy
Authors: Fukuda Keisuke , Yokoi Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2020

Background: Endovascular therapy for acute lower limb ischemia (ALLI) has developed and demonstrated safety and efficacy. The purpose of this study was to assess clinical outcomes in patients treated for ALLI with conventional endovascular or surgical revascularization. Method: This study was a retrospective single-center review. Consecutive patients with ALLI treated with conventional endovascular revascularization (ER) without thrombolytic agent or surgical revascularization (SR) between 2008 and 2014 were investigated. The 1 year and 3 year amputation rate and mortality rate were assessed by time-to-event methods, including Kaplan–Meier estimation. Result: A total of 64 limbs in 62 patients with ALLI due to thromboembolism or thrombosis of a native artery, bypass graft, or previous stented vessel were included. The majority of limbs (90.9%) presented with Rutherford clinical categories 1 to 2 ischemia. Technical success rate was 95.5% in ER and 92.9% in SR group ( p = 0.547). Overall amputation rates were 9.1% in ER versus 9.5% in SR after 1 year ( p = 0.971) and 9.1% in ER versus 11.9% in SR after 3 year ( p = 0.742). Overall mortality rates were 15% in ER versus 7.1% in SR after 1 year ( p = 0.491) and 15% in ER versus 11.2% in SR after 3 year ( p = 0.878). Conclusion: Endovascular or surgical revascularization of ALLI resulted in comparable outcomes in limb salvage and mortality rate at 1 year and 3 year. Conventional endovascular therapy without thrombolytic agent such as stenting, balloon angioplasty, or catheter-directed thrombosuction may be considered as a treatment option for ALLI.