bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On a Sparse Approximation of Compressible Signals
Authors: Dziwoki Grzegorz , Kucharczyk Marcin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Many physical phenomena can be modeled by compressible signals, i.e., the signals with rapidly declining sample amplitudes. Although all the samples are usually nonzero, due to practical reasons such signals are attempted to be approximated as sparse ones. Because sparsity of compressible signals cannot be unambiguously determined, a decision about a particular sparse representation is often a result of comparison between a residual error energy of a reconstruction algorithm and some quality measure. The paper explores a relation between mean square error (MSE) of the recovered signal and the residual error. A novel, practical solution that controls the sparse approximation quality using a target MSE value is the result of these considerations. The solution was tested in numerical experiments using orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm as the signal reconstruction procedure. The obtained results show that the proposed quality metric provides fine control over the approximation process of the compressible signals in the mean sense even though it has not been directly designed for use in compressed sensing methods such as OMP.
Communication behavior of cognitively impaired older inpatients
Authors: Schnabel Eva-Luisa , Wahl Hans-Werner , Penger Susanne , Haberstroh Julia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and objectiveAcutely ill older patients with cognitive impairment represent a major subgroup in acute care hospitals. In this context, communication plays a crucial role for patients’ well-being, healthcare decisions, and medical outcomes. As validated measures are lacking, we tested the psychometric properties of an observational instrument to assessCommunication Behavior inDementia (CODEM) in the acute care hospital setting. As a novel feature, we were also able to incorporate linguistic and social-contextual measures.Material and methodsData were drawn from a cross-sectional mixed methods study that focused on the occurrence of elderspeak during care interactions in two German acute care hospitals. A total of 43 acutely ill older patients with severe cognitive impairment (CI group, Mage ± SD = 83.6 ± 5.7 years) and 50 without cognitive impairment (CU group, Mage ± SD = 82.1 ± 6.3 years) were observed by trained research assistants during a standardized interview situation and rated afterwards by use of CODEM.ResultsFactor analysis supported the expected two-factor solution for the CI group, i.e., a verbal content and a nonverbal relationship aspect. Findings of the current study indicated sound psychometric properties of the CODEM instrument including internal consistency, convergent, divergent, and criterion validity.ConclusionCODEM represents a reliable and valid tool to examine the communication behavior of older patients with CI in the acute care hospital setting. Thus, CODEM might serve as an important instrument for researcher and healthcare professionals to describe and improve communication patterns in this environment.
A Black–Scholes inequality: applications and generalisations
Authors: Tehranchi Michael R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The space of call price curves has a natural noncommutative semigroup structure with an involution. A basic example is the Black–Scholes call price surface, from which an interesting inequality for Black–Scholes implied volatility is derived. The binary operation is compatible with the convex order, and therefore a one-parameter sub-semigroup gives rise to an arbitrage-free market model. It is shown that each such one-parameter semigroup corresponds to a unique log-concave probability density, providing a family of tractable call price surface parametrisations in the spirit of the Gatheral–Jacquier SVI surface. An explicit example is given to illustrate the idea. The key observation is an isomorphism linking an initial call price curve to the lift zonoid of the terminal price of the underlying asset.
Sustainable Pedagogical Leadership in Finnish Early Childhood Education (ECE): An Evaluation by ECE Professionals
Authors: Fonsén Elina , Soukainen Ulla 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccording to previous research, the leadership in early childhood education (ECE) needs to be strengthened and improved by building sustainable structures. The aim of the current research was to investigate how ECE professionals evaluate its leadership. The context of the study was a development project called Sustainable leadership in ECE conducted in two municipalities in Finland. The purpose of the project was to investigate and create a sustainable structure for ECE leadership with the aim of strengthening pedagogical leadership. The participants were 110 ECE professionals, comprising experts, directors, teachers, and nurses. The research was based on responses to an electronic questionnaire about the quality of ECE leadership built around six themes: leadership of the organisation, Human resource management, Structure of the organisation, Pedagogical leadership, Knowledge management and work well-being, and Leadership of self. The results indicate that only in the pedagogical leadership theme were there statistically significant differences between the groups of professionals. Having high professional status and being highly qualified seem to enhance the ability of professionals to reflect critically on pedagogical leadership and to have more demanding attitudes about the quality of pedagogical leadership.
Impact of D2O on peptidization of l-proline
Authors: Fulczyk Agnieszka , Łata Eliza , Talik Ewa , Kowalska Teresa , Sajewicz Mieczysław 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This is our follow-up study carried out in an order to collect experimental evidence regarding the impact of heavy water (D2O) on the spontaneous oscillatory peptidization of l-proline (l-Pro). Our earlier studies have been focused on the two sulfur-containing proteinogenic α-amino acids, i.e., l-cysteine (l-Cys) and l-methionine (l-Met), and it seemed interesting to assess the effect induced by D2O on one more proteinogenic α-amino acid, i.e., l-Pro. It needs to be added that unlike l-Met, but similar to l-Cys, the oscillatory peptidization of l-Pro dissolved in the organic-aqueous solvent characterizes with the circadian rhythm. As analytical techniques, we used high-performance liquid chromatography with the evaporative light-scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD), mass spectrometry (MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and turbidimetry. The obtained results can in certain sense be viewed as analogous to those earlier reported for l-Cys and l-Met by demonstrating that heavy water considerably hampers the oscillatory peptidization of l-Pro. However, an unexpected observation was also made than unlike the cases with l-Cys and l-Met, the observed hampering effect of D2O on the oscillatory peptidization of l-Pro is not monotonously dependent on the concentration of D2O in the system, but it is the strongest pronounced for 10% (v/v) D2O in the employed binary methanol–water solvent (with the investigated proportions of D2O in this solvent changing from 0 to 30%). Although we have no rational explanation for this striking effect, we believe that it should not pass unnoticed and therefore it is emphasized in this study. Maybe this firm quantitative result will prove an inspiration for future researchers interested in getting a deeper insight into the role of D2O in life processes, and more specifically in the kinetic and the mechanistic aspects thereof.
Use of Topical Tranexamic Acid Reduces Direct and Indirect Blood Loss and Transfusion Rates in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Huerfano Elina , Huerfano Manuel , Shanaghan Kate , Barlow Maureen , Memtsoudis Stavros , Gonzalez Della Valle Alejandro 
Published: October 2019

Background In primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), evidence supports the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) as an effective strategy for reducing blood loss, but scant evidence supports its use in revision THA. Questions/Purposes We aimed to evaluate whether the use of topical TXA in revision THA is associated with less blood loss and lower transfusion rates and to assess its safety, specifically as it relates to thromboembolic complications. Methods In this retrospective comparative study, two groups who underwent revision THA between 2005 and 2017 were defined: 98 patients who received 3 g of topical TXA (study group) and 475 patients who did not receive TXA (control group). Subjects were divided into subgroups according to the type of revision. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, blood loss, and transfusions were recorded. The follow-up period was 6 weeks. Results Median estimated blood loss, hidden blood loss, hemoglobin drop, and transfusion rates were significantly lower in the study group. The rates of post-operative thromboembolism were similar in the two groups. According to subgroup analysis, patients with revision of the femoral component, both components, and staged exchange revisions showed significantly lower rates of transfusion. Conclusion Topical TXA administration during revision THA effectively reduced direct and indirect blood loss, including hidden losses, without increasing the rates of thromboembolic events. This effect appeared to be enhanced when the femoral component was revised.
Effectiveness of Echinochrome on HFD-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats
Authors: Fahmy Sohair R. , Zaki Nashwah Ismail , Eid Shaimaa Zakaria , Mohamed Ayman Saber , Hassanein Sarah S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObesity has been identified with an expanded danger of a progression of illnesses that include different organ-frameworks of the body. In the present examination, we evaluated the hypolipidemic properties of Echinochrome (Ech) pigment in a high-fat diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemia in rats. After the hyperlipidemic model was set up, rats were haphazardly separated into five groups as follows: normal control group, HFD group, Atorvastatin (ATOR) group (80 mg/kg), Ech group (1 mg/kg) and combined group ATOR + Ech. The outcomes demonstrated that Ech improves lipid profile, liver functions, kidney functions and antioxidant markers of obese rats. The findings of the present investigation indicated that the Ech possesses hypolipidemic potential in obese rats.
Efficacy of Baccharis dracunculifolia in the treatment of diversion colitis in rats
Authors: Lima Arthur Medeiros , Nascimento Carlos Eduardo Costa , Santos Carlos Henrique Marques dos , Dourado Doroty Mesquita , Siqueira Gabriel Elias Cardoso , Rigo Giovana Maria , Bernardi Lauren Umpierre , Leonel Paulo Otávio Souza , Matias Rosemary , Ferreira Vitor Caldas , de Souza Vitor Cruz Rosa Pires 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rationale Disuse colitis is frequent in our country and the most effective treatment is high cost and there is a need for effective and low cost therapy.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Baccharis dracunculifolia (field rosemary) in the treatment of exclusion colitis in rats.
Method Eighteen Wistar rats were anesthetized and submitted to colostomy; they were then distributed into two groups: Control Group, receiving intrarectal saline infusion (n = 8) and Group BD receiving intrarectal infusion ofBaccharis dracunculifolia extract (n = 10); after 21 days of treatment they were euthanized, the intestinal segment excluded from intestinal transit was resected and submitted to histopathological study, classifying the degree of inflammation and degree of vascular congestion from 0 to 3.
Results Mean inflammation was 2.7 in Control Group versus 2.1 in BD Group (p = 0.049), while mean vascular congestion was 2.3 and 2, respectively, in Control and BD groups (p = 0.1642).
Conclusion Intra-rectal infusion ofBaccharis dracunculifolia extract significantly minimized the inflammatory process in the exclusion colitis of rats submitted to colostomy, without altering the degree of vascular congestion.
Effectiveness of the Aloe Vera extract in the treatment of fistula-in-ano
Authors: Cavasana Antonio Luis , Santos Carlos Henrique Marques dos , Dourado Doroty Mesquita , Guimarães Felipe dos Santos , Barros Fernanda Helene Reis , de Campos Gattass Carneiro Orro , Leme Guilherme Apolinário Laureano , Silva Lucas Dutra Madrid da , Wahl Lucas Marques , Gutterres Nathália Barreto de Almeida , Matias Rosemary , Câmara Sara Jéssica Falcão , Santos Sandro Endrick de Oliveira 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rationale Considering that anal fistulae are still challenging regarding their treatment due to the risk of fecal incontinence in the most complex cases and the increasing use of phytotherapeutic drugs such as Aloe Vera in medicine, even with proven healing effectiveness, there is interest in researching this drug in the treatment of anal fistulae.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy ofAloe Vera extract in the treatment of anal fistulae in rats.
Method Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 250–300 g were submitted to anal fistula and after 30 days were divided into three groups: Control Group (GCo) (n = 5), Carbopol Group (GCa) (n = 5), and Aloe Vera Group (GAV) (n = 10). In the GCo no treatment was performed, while in the others a daily infusion of 0.3 mL of solution (Carbopol only in GCa and Carbopol plus Aloe Vera extract in the GAV) was performed through the external orifice of the fistula for 30 days. Afterwards, euthanasia was performed and specimens were removed for histological study. It was evaluated the closure of the fistulous tract, the area of the remaining tract, the inflammatory infiltrate and the degree of vascular congestion. The results were submitted to statistical treatment by Kruskall–Wallis test, considering p < 0.05.
Results There was no complete closure of the fistulous tract in any of the animals. The mean area of the remaining tract was 847.2 μm in the GCo, 565.6 μm in the GCa and 377.8 μm in the GAV (p < 0.05). The mean of the inflammatory infiltrate score was 2.4 in the GCo, 2.4 in the GCa and 2.3 in the GAV (p > 0.05), while in the evaluation of vascular congestion, we observed a mean of 1.6 in the GCo, 1.4 in GCa and 1.1 in GAV (p < 0.05).
Conclusion The extract of Aloe vera was able to reduce the lumen of the fistulous tract and reduce the degree of vascular congestion; however, it did not allow the complete closure of the fistulous tract nor diminished the inflammatory process.
Management of pediatric peritonsillar and deep neck infections‐ cross‐ sectional retrospective analysis
Authors: Sousa Menezes Ana , Ribeiro Daniela Correia , Guimarães Joana Rocha , Lima António Fontes , Dias Luís 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveDeep neck infections (DNI) are responsible for significant morbidity in children and healthcare expenditures. Few studies exist specifically addressing the clinical and epidemiologic characterization and management of DNI's in the pediatric population. Our goal was to analyse the demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of peritonsillar and DNI in pediatric patients.MethodsThe medical records of patients, aged up to 18 years, admitted for peritonsillar and DNI at our department, from 2011 to 2016, were retrospectively reviewed and compared with the literature available. Ninety‐eight patients were enrolled.ResultsThe mean age was higher in patients with peritonsillar abscess and lower in patients with retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal infections. Admissions have significantly increased from 2011. There was a seasonal variation for DNI incidence, with a peak incidence in Summer and Spring. All patients included were treated as inpatient and received empirical intravenous antibiotic therapy and steroids regardless of drainage procedures. Incision and drainage was performed in 72 patients. The hospital length of stay was higher among patients with retropharyngeal abscess and in the group with complications. Only 2 patients developed complications during hospital stay. The most common microbiological pattern was monomicrobial and the most commonly isolated pathogens were Streptococcus Pyogenes, Streptococcus Mitis and anaerobic bacteria.ConclusionsSurgical incision and drainage followed by intravenous antibiotic and steroids proved to be successfull with low morbidity related to surgical approach. However, in selected cases, medical therapy may be an alternative to surgical management in uncomplicated infections.
Nodding syndrome research, lessons learned from the NSETHIO project
Authors: Geelhand de Merxem D. , Siewe Fodjo J. N. , Menon S. , Hotterbeekx A. , Colebunders R. 
Published: October 2019

Background.Until recently, nodding syndrome (NS) was considered as a mysterious disease of unknown etiology. A link between onchocerciasis and epilepsy was suspected for a long time. However, onchocerciasis was not considered as the cause of NS because NS was believed to occur only in onchocerciasis-endemic regions in Uganda, South Sudan, and Tanzania. In October 2015, with funding from the European Research Council, the NSETHIO group launched a trans-disciplinary, multi-country research project to identify the cause of NS and to study the link between onchocerciasis and epilepsy.Methods.We reviewed NSETHIO activities as well as all published papers, and compared project findings with results of previous research on NS.ResultsFindings from the NSETHIO project showed that NS is only one of the clinical manifestations in the wide spectrum of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE) that could be prevented by strengthening onchocerciasis elimination programs. NSETHIO demonstrated that OAE is an important neglected public health problem in onchocerciasis-endemic areas with no or a sub-optimally functioning onchocerciasis control strategies.Conclusions.Today there is overwhelming evidence that NS together with the Nakalanga syndrome is clinical presentations of OAE, a condition that could be prevented by strengthening onchocerciasis elimination programs. While research needs to continue to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms causing NS, new strategies to accelerate onchocerciasis elimination coupled with community-based surveillance and treatment programs for epilepsy are urgently needed in areas of high Onchocerca volvulus transmission.
University Blues: Role of Attachment and Distress on Students’ Evaluations of Instructors’ Teaching Performance
Authors: Reid Jessica , Scharfe Elaine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite concerns about bias, student evaluations of teaching continue to be significant to faculty career advancement in academia. In a recent study, attachment representations were shown to be associated with students’ perceptions of instructors (Henson &amp; Scharfe, 2011); students with insecure-anxious representations were more likely to rate their professors negatively. These data, however, were cross-sectional, and the role of distress in this association was not examined. To examine the influence of anxiety and depressive symptoms on the association between attachment representations and evaluations of instructors’ teaching performance, 102 undergraduate students (91% female, 17–38 years old) completed questionnaires at two time points during the semester. Interestingly, both attachment anxiety and avoidance measured at the beginning of the semester were negatively associated with teaching evaluations at the end of the semester, and this effect was stronger for participants who reported high anxiety and depressive symptoms. The findings are consistent with previous work exploring the perception of others of depressed and non-depressed individuals, and provides some support for Bowlby's original proposals concerning the importance of distress in understanding the effects of attachment. Strategies to support students’ transition to post-secondary education and to promote positive teaching evaluations are discussed.
An Anatomy of Bengaluru's ICT Cluster: A Community Detection Approach
Authors: Turkina Ekaterina , Van Assche Ari 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTWe use community detection analysis to investigate the structure of Bengaluru's ICT cluster's inter-organizational network during the period 2015–2017. Building on the knowledge sourcing literature, we conjecture that cluster firms primarily build knowledge-seeking horizontal linkages with technologically similar companies, and that this splits the network into multiple technological communities within which firms are tightly connected, but between which linkages are scarce. We further propose that community-spanning firms which build horizontal linkages that bridge technological communities are more likely to conduct radical innovation than their peers. We finally argue that no relation exists between technological proximity and community formation in the network of vertical buyer-supplier relations. Using a voltage-based algorithm for community discovery, we draw empirical support for these predictions. We discuss the implications of our findings for Bengaluru's upgrading potential.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on metaphor comprehension in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: Do task properties matter?
Authors: Kalandadze Tamar , Bambini Valentina , Næss Kari-Anne B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience difficulty in comprehending metaphors compared to individuals with typical development (TD). However, there is a large variation in the results across studies, possibly related to the properties of the metaphor tasks. This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis (a) explored the properties of the metaphor tasks used in ASD research, and (b) investigated the group difference between individuals with ASD and TD on metaphor comprehension, as well as the relationship between the task properties and any between-study variation. A systematic search was undertaken in seven relevant databases. Fourteen studies fulfilled our predetermined inclusion criteria. Across tasks, we detected four types of response format and a great variety of metaphors in terms of familiarity, syntactic structure, and linguistic context. Individuals with TD outperformed individuals with ASD on metaphor comprehension (Hedges’ g = −0.63). Verbal explanation response format was utilized in the study showing the largest effect size in the group comparison. However, due to the sparse experimental manipulations, the role of task properties could not be established. Future studies should consider and report task properties to determine their role in metaphor comprehension, and to inform experimental paradigms as well as educational assessment.
Semantic integration declines independently of working memory in aging
Authors: Zhu Zude , Wang Suiping , Xu Nannan , Li Mengya , Yang Yiming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSemantic integration and working memory both decline with age. However, it remains unclear whether the semantic integration decline is independent of working memory decline or whether it can be solely explained by the latter factor. In this event-related potentials experiment, 43 younger adults and 43 cognitively healthy older adults read semantically congruent and incongruent sentences. After controlling for working memory, behavioral accuracy was significantly lower in the older adults than in the younger adults. In addition, the semantic integration related N400 effect (incongruent vs. congruent) for correct trials was apparent in the whole brain in the younger adults but restricted to the posterior region in the older adults. The results clarify the relationship between working memory and semantic integration, and clearly demonstrate that semantic integration decline is independent of working memory decline during aging.