bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractional flow reserve guided versus angiographic guided surgical revascularization: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bruno Francesco , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Marengo Giorgio , Manfredi Roberto , Saglietto Andrea , Gallone Guglielmo , Franchin Luca , Piroli Francesco , Angelini Filippo , De Filippo Ovidio , Conrotto Federico , Omedè Pierluigi , Montefusco Antonio , Pennone Mauro , Boffini Massimo , Pocar Marco , Rinaldi Mauro , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical benefits of FFR (Fraction Flow Reserve) driven CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft) remain to be established.MethodsAll randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies with multivariable adjustement were included. MACE (Major Adverse Cardiac Events) was the primary end point, while its single components (death, myocardial infarction, and total vessel revascularization [TVR]) along with number of anastomoses, on pump procedures and graft occlusion at angiographic follow‐up were the secondary ones. Each analysis was stratified for RCTs versus observational studies.ResultsFour studies (two RCTs and two observational) were included, enrolling 983 patients, 542 angio‐guided and 441 FFR‐guided. Mean age was 68.45 years, 79% male, with a mean EuroSCORE I of 2.7. Coronary lesions were located in 37% of patients in the left anterior descending artery, 32% in the circumflex artery, and 26% in the right coronary artery. After a mean follow‐up of 40 months, risk of MACE did not differ (OR 0.86 [0.63–1.18]) as that of all cause death (OR 0.86 [0.59–1.25]), MI (OR 0.57 [0.30–1.11]) and TVR (OR 1.10 [0.65–1.85]). FFR‐driven CABG reduced on‐pump procedures (OR 0.58 [0.35–0.93]) and number of anastomoses (−0.40 [−0.80: −0.01]) while incidence of graft occlusion at follow‐up did not differ (OR 0.59 [0.30–1.15], all CI 95%).ConclusionFraction flow reserve driven CABG reduced the number of anastomoses and of on‐pump procedures without increasing risk of MACE and without reducing graft occlusion at angiographic follow‐up. ID CRD42020211945.
Activating CoMoS with CoP3 Phase for High‐efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Condition
Authors: Du Yunmei , Wang Wensi , Zhao Huimin , Jiang Xianliang , Liu Yanru , Chen Ruixin , Yang Bo , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCurrently, the construction of heterostructures to optimize electrocatalytic activities is a hot research topic, since there is still a certain gap between the electrocatalytic properties of these heterostructures and that of Pt/C. With this in mind, we utilized in‐situ vapor‐phase phosphorization‐sulfurization to obtain the CoP3/MoS2−Co0.75Mo3S3.75 (CoP/CoMoS, for short) heterostructure on carbon cloth (CC), which exhibits Pt‐like electrocatalytic performance and excellent stability in acid electrolyte. Activated by CoP3 active phase, the electronic configuration of CoMoS and the adsorption energy of H* (▵GH*) are greatly optimized. Meanwhile, the rapid oxidation of CoMoS phase can be effectively avoided under the protection of CoP3 layer. This work provides a reference for the design of heterostructures and their mechanism of action in electrocatalysis.
An adaptive on‐demand charging scheme for rechargeable wireless sensor networks
Authors: Chen Zhansheng , Shen Hong , Wang Tingmei , Zhao Xiaofan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn view of the stability and reliability of energy supply, distinct from the time‐varying and uncertainty of energy harvesting systems, adopting mobile vehicles to replenish energy of sensors has become a research hotspot. While some existing studies on the mobile recharging problem ignored the limited energy capacity carried by mobile vehicle and the difference in energy consumption rates of sensors, in this work, we propose an adaptive real‐time on‐demand charging scheduling scheme that maximizes energy efficiency (CSS‐MEE) for Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks. In CSS‐MEE, we aim to achieve a compromise between maximizing charging energy efficiency and maximizing charging throughput for solving the on‐demand mobile charging problem. Due to the limited energy capacity of the mobile charger, CSS‐MEE uses both full‐charge mode and adaptive charging mode, depending on the number of charging requests. It combines charging node selection with dispatch path feasibility determination, which takes into account the location‐generated charging cost and energy‐driven charging priority, to ensure the charging efficiency. Extensive simulations are conducted to demonstrate the advantages of CSS‐MEE. Compared with existing approaches, simulation results show that CSS‐MEE achieves better performance in terms of charging throughput, average charging latency, charge scheduling times, and charging efficiency.
LibreSocial: A peer‐to‐peer framework for online social networks
Authors: Graffi Kalman , Masinde Newton 
Published: December 2020

SummaryDistributed online social networks (DOSNs) were first proposed to solve the problem of privacy, security, and scalability. A significant amount of research was undertaken to offer viable DOSN solutions that were capable of competing with the existing centralized OSN applications such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Instagram. This research led to the emergence of the use of peer‐to‐peer (P2P) networks as a possible solution, upon which several OSNs such as LifeSocial.KOM, Safebook, PeerSoN among others were based. In this article, we define the basic requirements for an P2P OSN. We then revisit one of the first P2P‐based OSNs, LifeSocial.KOM, that is now called LibreSocial, which evolved in the past years to address the challenges of running a completely decentralized social network. Over the course of time, several essential new technologies have been incorporated within LibreSocial for better functionalities. In this article we describe the architecture and each individual component of LibreSocial and point out how LibreSocial meets the basic requirements for a fully functional distributed OSN.
Innate lymphoid cell composition associates with COVID‐19 disease severity
Authors: García Marina , Kokkinou Efthymia , Carrasco García Anna , Parrot Tiphaine , Palma Medina Laura M , Maleki Kimia T , Christ Wanda , Varnaitė Renata , Filipovic Iva , Ljunggren Hans‐Gustaf , Björkström Niklas K , Folkesson Elin , Rooyackers Olav , Eriksson Lars I , Sönnerborg Anders , Aleman Soo , Strålin Kristoffer , Gredmark‐Russ Sara , Klingström Jonas , Mjösberg Jenny ,   the Karolinska KI/K COVID‐19 Study Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), is unknown. Understanding the immune response in COVID‐19 could contribute to unravel the pathogenesis and identification of treatment targets. Here, we describe the phenotypic landscape of circulating ILCs in COVID‐19 patients and identified ILC phenotypes correlated to serum biomarkers, clinical markers and laboratory parameters relevant in COVID‐19.MethodsBlood samples collected from moderately (n = 11) and severely ill (n = 12) COVID‐19 patients, as well as healthy control donors (n = 16), were analysed with 18‐parameter flow cytometry. Using supervised and unsupervised approaches, we examined the ILC activation status and homing profile. Clinical and laboratory parameters were obtained from all COVID‐19 patients, and serum biomarkers were analysed with multiplex immunoassays.ResultsInnate lymphoid cells were largely depleted from the circulation of COVID‐19 patients compared with healthy controls. Remaining circulating ILCs revealed decreased frequencies of ILC2 in severe COVID‐19, with a concomitant decrease of ILC precursors (ILCp) in all patients, compared with controls. ILC2 and ILCp showed an activated phenotype with increased CD69 expression, whereas expression levels of the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR4 were significantly altered in ILC2 and ILCp, and ILC1, respectively. The activated ILC profile of COVID‐19 patients was associated with soluble inflammatory markers, while frequencies of ILC subsets were correlated with laboratory parameters that reflect the disease severity.ConclusionThis study provides insights into the potential role of ILCs in immune responses against SARS‐CoV‐2, particularly linked to the severity of COVID‐19.
Retracted: Investigation of maximum observability of standard test bus systems with phasor measurement units using flower pollination algorithm
Authors: Sudha Ramachandran , Murali Duraisamy 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe novel and optimal phasor measurement unit (PMU) observability has been attained based on the flower pollination algorithm (FPA). The prime objective is to select the optimal bus for placing the PMU to maximize the number of bus observance in the system. Many optimization techniques have been developed with an aim to optimize the PMU's required quantity with attaining full observability of the network. This paper proposes a new technique of modified FPA, which reduces the computation time and achieves greater accuracy. This approach also helps in achieving the maximum observability of power system based on choosing the optimum buses to place the PMUs. The proposed algorithm would be best suited and offers highly accurate results when analyzing the system for maximum observability with the minimum number of allotted PMUs. The FPA algorithm is implemented on standard IEEE 14 bus, IEEE 30 bus, and IEEE 118 bus systems. The proposed FPA algorithm outperforms other evolutionary algorithms. It yields better overall performance than other algorithm methods, in terms of the minimum number of PMUs with maximum observability, including contingency analysis.
A refined panel of 42 microsatellite loci to universally genotype catarrhine primates
Authors: Trede Franziska , Kil Niels , Stranks James , Connell Andrew Jesse , Fischer Julia , Ostner Julia , Schülke Oliver , Zinner Dietmar , Roos Christian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Microsatellite genotyping is an important genetic method for a number of research questions in biology. Given that the traditional fragment length analysis using polyacrylamide gel or capillary electrophoresis has several drawbacks, microsatellite genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) has arisen as a promising alternative. Although GBS mitigates many of the problems of fragment length analysis, issues with allelic dropout and null alleles often remain due to mismatches in primer binding sites and unnecessarily long PCR products. This is also true for GBS in catarrhine primates where cross‐species amplification of loci (often human derived) is common.

We therefore redesigned primers for 45 microsatellite loci based on 17 available catarrhine reference genomes. Next, we tested them in singleplex and different multiplex settings in a panel of species representing all major lineages of Catarrhini and further validated them in wild Guinea baboons (Papio papio) using fecal samples.

The final panel of 42 microsatellite loci can efficiently be amplified with primers distributed into three amplification pools.

With our microsatellite panel, we provide a tool to universally genotype catarrhine primates via GBS from different sample sources in a cost‐ and time‐efficient way, with higher resolution, and comparability among laboratories and species.
Electrostatically induced voltage generated in ungrounded metal boxes and on a metal box when a charged body moves away from the box
Authors: Ichikawa Norimitsu , Mogi Masaaki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractElectrical discharge and electrostatics are used for the industrial application of a copying machine and electrostatic spraying. However, the electrical discharge and electrostatics occasionally cause malfunction or failure of electronic equipment. When a human body moves in an office, it is electrified up to 10 kV or more. A microelectronic device used in the electronic equipment causes an error owing to the voltage of less than 10 V. When the charged human body moves near the electronic equipment, high induced voltage is generated in the metal box. Comprising electronic equipment, the box is occasionally used at the floating potential of an ungrounded condition. The induced voltage generated for the ungrounded metal box is higher than that generated for the grounded metal box. The results show that the induced voltage generated in an ungrounded metal box is 120% of the inverse polarity against a charged body when the charged body moves away from the box. The induced voltage generated in the ungrounded metal box is higher than that generated on the box. These results would be helpful in designing electronic equipment without malfunctions or failure.
Diversified Syntheses of Tetrathia[7]helicenes by Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Pelliccioli Valentina , Dova Davide , Baldoli Clara , Graiff Claudia , Licandro Emanuela , Cauteruccio Silvia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEfficient and versatile synthetic routes to functionalized tetrathia[7]helicenes (7‐THs) are described. The key intermediates of these methodologies are 2‐bromo‐3,3′‐bibenzo[1,2‐b:4,3‐b′]dithiophenes (1), synthesized through a palladium‐catalyzed homocoupling reaction between two benzo[1,2‐b:4,3‐b′]dithiophene units followed by a regioselective α‐bromination. Direct palladium‐catalyzed annulation of bromides 1 with internal alkynes provides a set of 7,8‐disubstituted 7‐THs 2 in moderate to good yields (46‐80 %). Otherwise, 7‐monosubstituted 7‐THs 4 have been prepared through Sonogashira coupling of 1 with terminal alkynes, followed by platinum‐ or indium‐promoted cycloisomerization of alkynyl intermediates 6. Finally, the versatility of bromides 1 has also been demonstrated by using them for the preparation of benzo (hetero) fused 7‐TH derivatives 7 via Suzuki coupling with (hetero)arylboronic acids and the photocyclization of the obtained intermediates 9.
Hydroaminoalkylation/Buchwald‐Hartwig Amination Sequences for the Synthesis of Novel Thieno‐ or Benzothieno‐Annulated Tetrahydropyridines, Tetrahydroazasilines, and Tetrahydroazasilepines
Authors: Warsitz Michael , Rohjans Stefan H. , Schmidtmann Marc , Doye Sven 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNew two‐step procedures that include an initial regioselective intermolecular hydroaminoalkylation of 2‐allyl‐, 2‐allyldimethylsilyl‐, or 2‐dimethyl(vinyl)silyl‐substituted 3‐bromothiophenes or 3‐bromobenzothiophenes with secondary amines and a subsequent intramolecular Buchwald‐Hartwig amination give direct access to structurally novel bicyclic heterocycles including tetrahydrothienopyridines, tetrahydrothienoazasilines, tetrahydrobenzothienoazasilines, and tetrahydrobenzothienoazasilepines. The hydroaminoalkylation reaction is catalyzed by a mono(aminopyridinato) titanium complex which delivers the branched hydroaminoalkylation products or in the case of vinylsilyl‐substituted substrates, the use of a bis(aminopyridinato) titanium complex gives access to the linear regioisomers. While in the latter case, the hydroaminoalkylation products need to be purified prior to the palladium‐catalyzed amination step, all other two‐step sequences can be run as a one‐pot procedure.
Analysis of mutations in tumor and normal adjacent tissue via fluorescence detection
Authors: Kay Jennifer E. , Mirabal Sheyla , Briley William E. , Kimoto Takafumi , Poutahidis Theofilos , Ragan Timothy , So Peter T. , Wadduwage Dushan N. , Erdman Susan E. , Engelward Bevin P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInflammation is a major risk factor for many types of cancer, including colorectal. There are two fundamentally different mechanisms by which inflammation can contribute to carcinogenesis. First, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can damage DNA to cause mutations that initiate cancer. Second, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines promote proliferation, migration, and invasion. Although it is known that inflammation‐associated RONS can be mutagenic, the extent to which they induce mutations in intestinal stem cells has been little explored. Furthermore, it is now widely accepted that cancer is caused by successive rounds of clonal expansion with associated de novo mutations that further promote tumor development. As such, we aimed to understand the extent to which inflammation promotes clonal expansion in normal and tumor tissue. Using an engineered mouse model that is prone to cancer and within which mutant cells fluoresce, here we have explored the impact of inflammation on de novo mutagenesis and clonal expansion in normal and tumor tissue. While inflammation is strongly associated with susceptibility to cancer and a concomitant increase in the overall proportion of mutant cells in the tissue, we did not observe an increase in mutations in normal adjacent tissue. These results are consistent with opportunities for de novo mutations and clonal expansion during tumor growth, and they suggest protective mechanisms that suppress the risk of inflammation‐induced accumulation of mutant cells in normal tissue.
Study of Electrochemical and Crystallographic Changes During Initial Stabilization of La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.3Ni0.2O3−δ Reversible Solid Oxide Cell Electrode
Authors: Korjus O. , Aruväli J. , Paiste P. , Kooser K. , Granroth S. , Mändar H. , Kodu M. , Härmas R. , Maide M. , Ainsar M. , Lust E. , Nurk G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical and crystalline structure of mixed ionic‐electronic conductive La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.3Ni0.2O3–δ (LSCMN) electrode in porous scandia ceria stabilized zirconia (ScCeSZ) electrolyte matrix during the first 140 h has been studied in an operando XRD experiment. Intense degradation of electrochemical performance in a fuel cell as well as in electrolysis modes has been observed. However, the mechanism of the degradation was seen to be different for the two operation modes. The formation of the new ceramic phase was observed on the surface of the electrode using the Grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction at the pulsed laser deposited LSCMN model electrode. Instability of the LSCMN phase in the ScCeSZ matrix at SOFC working conditions has been demonstrated using the novel operando XRD technique. The decrease in wt.% of the LSCMN during degradation was approximately 27 ± 4.5%. A slow increase of the ScCeSZ lattice parameter was observed and attributed to the doping of electrolytes with some LSCMN components.
A reporter cell system for the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 reveals differential effects of disease‐associated variants on receptor signaling and activation by antibodies against the stalk region
Authors: Ibach Melanie , Mathews Mona , Linnartz‐Gerlach Bettina , Theil Sandra , Kumar Sathish , Feederle Regina , Brüstle Oliver , Neumann Harald , Walter Jochen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an immune receptor expressed on myeloid‐derived cell types. The extracellular immunoglobulin‐like domain of TREM2 binds anionic ligands including Apolipoprotein E and Amyloid‐β. The transmembrane domain interacts with its adaptor protein DAP12/TYROBP that is responsible for propagation of downstream signaling upon ligand interaction. Several sequence variants of TREM2 have been linked to different neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Here, we generated HEK 293 Flp‐In cell lines stably expressing human TREM2 and DAP12 using a bicistronic construct with a T2A linker sequence allowing initial expression of both proteins in stoichiometric amounts. Cell biological and biochemical analyses revealed transport of TREM2 to the cell surface, and canonical sequential proteolytic processing and shedding of TREM2 (sTREM2). The functionality of this cell system was demonstrated by detection of phosphorylated spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) upon stimulation of TREM2 with the anionic membrane lipid phosphatidylserine or anti‐TREM2 antibodies. Using this cell model, we demonstrated impaired signaling of disease associated TREM2 variants. We also identified a monoclonal antibody against the stalk region of TREM2 with agonistic activity. Activation of TREM2‐DAP12 signaling with the monoclonal antibody and the partial loss of function of disease associated variants were recapitulated in induced pluripotent stem cell derived microglia. Thus, this reporter cell model represents a suitable experimental system to investigate signaling of TREM2 variants, and for the identification of ligands and compounds that modulate TREM2‐DAP12 signaling.MAIN POINTS
Disease associated variants impair the signaling activity of TREM2 by distinct mechanisms.
Targeting the stalk region of TREM2 with bivalent antibodies activates TREM2 signaling.
Utilisation of a brief tobacco smoking cessation intervention tool in public dental services
Authors: Bendotti Hollie , McGowan Kelly , Lawler Sheleigh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIssue addressedDental practitioners have an important opportunity to promote smoking cessation. This study aimed to determine how many smokers attended West Moreton Oral Health Service (WMOHS), completion rates for the standardised Smoking Cessation Pathway, and smoking cessation practices, confidence levels and attitudes of dental practitioners in WMOHS.MethodsA mixed‐methods approach collected clinical and demographic data from a retrospective audit of WMOHS reports from 1 August 2017 to 31 July 2019 and a cross‐sectional survey of WMOHS dental practitioners. Logistic regression models determined factors associated with smoking status and delivery of the Pathway.ResultsOver 24 months, 14,919 courses of care (COC) were completed. Twenty‐five percent of patients identified as current smokers. The Pathway was delivered in 54% (n = 1999) of smokers’ COC, which was significantly associated with patient age (aOR 0.99 [CI 0.99, 0.99; P < .001]), Indigenous status (aOR 1.47 [CI 1.05, 2.08; P =.02]) and high socio‐economic status (aOR 1.41 [CI 1.06, 1.88; P =.02]). Practitioners identified lack of time and training as the main barriers to Pathway completion.ConclusionsHigh‐risk populations for tobacco use are frequently utilising WMOHS, however not all patients who smoke received smoking cessation support. Understanding and addressing barriers to smoking cessation promotion in oral health care settings may improve general and oral health outcomes for patients.So what?Targeted training and utilisation of team‐based models of care may better enhance delivery and uptake of the Pathway within the public dental setting, thus improving services to a high‐need population and reducing smoking rates in priority populations.
Preparedness to deal with maternal mortality among obstetric providers at an urban tertiary hospital in Ghana
Authors: Lawrence Emma R. , Stabnick Anna , Arthur‐Komeh Johnny , Moyer Cheryl A. , Yeboah Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores the impacts of managing frequent maternal mortalities on obstetric healthcare providers in Ghana.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy obstetric providers at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana completed an electronic survey. Questions included coping strategies, sources and adequacy of support, training, and emotional impact. Logistic regression assessed predictors of perceived preparedness to manage maternal mortalities.ResultsOver half of participants (55.1%) did not report adequate support to deal with maternal death and only 35.9% received training. The vast majority (96.4%) agreed that managing maternal deaths takes a large emotional toll—27.6% considered giving up their obstetric practice, half experienced guilt or shame, and half worried about legal or disciplinary action. After adjusting for age, gender, years in practice, and annual maternal mortalities managed, perceived adequacy of support (odds ratio [OR] 6.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0–14.7, P < 0.001) and receiving training (OR 9.5, 95% CI 3.5–25.8, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with preparedness to deal with maternal mortality.ConclusionManaging maternal mortalities has significant emotional impact on obstetric healthcare providers. Preparedness to deal with maternal death is significantly improved when providers receive adequate support and training.