bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiologic Study of Patients Registered in Oncology Unit at a Hepatobiliary Tertiary Care Center in India
Authors: Sharma Namita , Kumar Guresh , Sahai Puja , Yadav Hanuman Prasad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer accounts for about 1 in 7 deaths, worldwide. Primary cancers of the hepatobiliary system are significant health problems worldwide and their management presents great challenges for the hepatobiliary specialist. The incidence of hepatobiliary malignancies is on an increasing trend in India. Study: We did a retrospective study for the epidemiologic, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients with cancer registering for treatment in the oncology division at the Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, Delhi, India, between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017. Results: Atotal of 502 new patients were registered during the study period. The majority of the patients were male (M:F 1.69:1), in the age group of 35–64 years (64.3%) and presented in advanced stages of the disease (72.7% in Stage III and IV). The most common cancers were gallbladder cancer (GBC) (29.7%) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (17.3%). GBC was the most common in females (M: F 1:1.6), 86.6% were advanced (Stage III and IV), and gallstones were present in 44.3% patients (M: F 1:2.9). Periampullary carcinoma presented in early stages (71% in Stage I and II). Survival at 6 months (n = 110 evaluable patients) was 100% for Stage I, 88% for Stage II, 73.7% for Stage III and 42.1% for Stage IV, and 62.7% overall (P < 0.001). Survival at 6 months (n = 123 evaluable patients) was 56.5% for biliary cancers, 71.4% for HCC, and 75% for nonbiliary cancers (P = 0.15). 217 (43%) patients had one visit to the hospital and 168 (34%) patients had 2–5 visits with no or little follow-up. Conclusions: Most of the disease burden was in the male gender (GBC was more common in females), in the age group 35–64 years and with advanced disease presentation (except periampullary cancer). Survival diminished significantly with increasing stage of disease. Survival was worse for patients with biliary cancers. This could be due to advanced presentation, poor follow-up, and inadequate public health awareness.
Drug Review: Ibrutinib
Authors: Karunakaran Parathan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIbrutinib is an irreversible BTK inhibitor, characterized by high selectivity and potency. It has revolutionized the therapy of B-cell lymphomas, especially chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma. Importantly, it has expanded the armamentarium for those patients who are refractory to conventional chemoimmunotherapy. This small-molecule inhibitor has shown efficacy in this difficult-to-treat subset – those with del(17p)/TP53-mutated CLL. Its immunomodulatory properties make it an excellent choice for combining with other immunotherapeutic agents such as venetoclax. The drug is not without drawbacks. The need for indefinite therapy and the presence of adverse effects such as infection, bleeding, hypertension, and arrhythmia temper our enthusiasm for this versatile drug. But overall, ibrutinib's favorable risk profile and lack of myelosuppression make it an ideal therapy for the elderly and those with multiple comorbidities.
Ectopic Non-gestational Pure Choriocarcinoma of the Urinary Bladder in a Young Nulliparous Female: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Mannan Rahul , Sharma Sonam , Goyal Saloni , Bhasin Tejinder Singh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChoriocarcinoma can occur at ectopic extragenital locations such as lungs, mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and even in the brain (nongestational choriocarcinoma). Choriocarcinoma arising in the urinary bladder is extremely uncommon with only a few cases reported worldwide. It is important to recognize and give comprehensive diagnosis of this entity, as it has poorer prognosis as compared to the conventional gestational choriocarcinoma and requires stepped-up chemotherapy. Here, we present such a case in a 19-year-old girl and the diagnostic conundrum associated with it.
Motor Unit Potential Analysis of the Palatal Muscles in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Karaali-Savrun Feray , Adatepe Nurten Uzun , Şenel Gülçin Benbir , Inan Rahsan , Kaynak Hakan , Kaytaz Asim , Karadeniz Derya 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
Among different theories about pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), dysfunction of upper airway muscles still awaits to be delineated. The aim of this study is to examine differences in motor unit potential (MUP) parameters of upper airway muscles between OSAS patients and healthy controls.

Methods:
Ten male patients diagnosed as OSAS by whole-night polysomnography were analyzed for MUP parameters of genioglossus (GG) muscle, palatoglossus muscle (PG), palatopharyngeus muscle, and uvular (U) muscle. Eight healthy volunteer men matched by age were enrolled as a control group.

Results:
In PG muscle parameters, the mean MUP area was significantly smaller (P = 0.040) in OSAS patients than those in controls. On the other hand, U muscle parameters showed a significantly larger mean MUP area (P = 0.022) in OUAS patients compared to those in the control group. In OSAS patients, the percentages of polyphasic MUPs of GG and PG muscles were significantly high (P < 0.001 and P = 0.05, respectively). Body mass index was positively correlated with number of phases of GG muscle (r
s = 0.63, P < 0.05) and duration of U muscle (r
s = 0.71, P < 0.05) in OSAS patients. Other MUP parameters of palatal muscles were similar between the two groups.

Conclusion:
Our results showed that, although mild in severity, structural neurogenic and myogenic changes characterized as mild and nonuniform MUP changes may co-exist in OSAS patients. These changes in palatal muscles may be attributed to compensatory adaptation of muscle fibers to other precipitating factors in OSAS.
La teoría de las representaciones sociales: posibilidades en el municipio de Aracataca, Magdalena, Colombia
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez Dustin Tahisin , Téllez Bedoya Carlos Arturo , Velasco Castañeda Natalye 
Published: June 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo de reflexión fue describir la teoría de las representaciones sociales como línea argumentativa para visualizar la subjetividad de los pobladores rurales en el caso específico del municipio de Aracataca, Magdalena, Colombia. La metodología es de corte cualitativo y el método es de revisión documental por matrices. La principal conclusión es que las representaciones sociales son una teoría inacabada. En efecto, tienen una gran cantidad de críticas por su falta de rigidez. Sin embargo, esa característica desde el punto de vista cualitativo es un punto positivo, ya que hace, que esta sea más dinámica para entender los fenómenos sociales como lo son las subjetividades propias de la población rural, en virtud que es una teoría adaptativa. Sin olvidar, que esta característica, posibilita el dialogo entre actores sociales en una sociedad tan fragmentada como los es la colombiana. Precisamente, puede abrir puertas para socializar como reivindicar los discursos obliterados de la población del municipio por 60 años de conflicto armado.
Educational and instructional center for railway transportation: international cooperation and exhibition activities
Authors: Starykh O. V. 
Published: June 2020

The international cooperation and exhibition activities of the Educational and instructional center for railway transportation are considered. International exhibitions provide an opportunity to get acquainted with foreign experience and development trends of professional education. As part of the business program of international exhibitions, the Educational and instructional center for railway transportation organizes round tables “Transport Book of Russia”, which presents transport-related publications that popularize the history of Russian railways, the history of the organization and management of Russian railway transport; dictionaries of railway terms; educational literature on transport safety and environmental protection. It was noted that the presentations are held with the goal of implementing the main directions of the Federal Target Program “Development of the Transport System of Russia until 2030” and the Federal Target Program “Development of Culture and Tourism” for 2013–2020, forming a positive image of Russia as an object of travel and investment capital.The work of the Educational and instructional center for railway transportation on mutually beneficial cooperation with educational institutions and railway enterprises of foreign countries is shown. Agreements and memoranda “On cooperation and joint activities” were signed between the Educational and instructional center for railway transportation with educational institutions and transport structures of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and the DPRK.
Genius, Power and Magic
Authors: Cavaliero Roderick 
Published: June 2020

Before unification, Germany was a loose collection of variously sovereign principalities, nurtured on deep thought, fine music and hard rye bread. It was known across Europe for the plentiful supply of consorts to be found among its abundant royalty, but the language and culture was largely incomprehensible to those outside its lands. In the long eighteenth and nineteenth centuries- between the end of the Thirty Years War in 1648 and unification under Bismarck in 1871 - Germany became the land of philosophers, poets, writers and composers. This particularly German cultural movement was able to survive the avalanche of Napoleonic conquest and exploitation and its impact was gradually felt far beyond Germany’s borders. In this book, Roderick Cavaliero provides a fascinating overview of Germany’s cultural zenith in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He considers the work of Germany’s own artistic exports - the literature of Goethe and Grimm, the music of Wagner, Schumann, Mendelssohn and Bach and the philosophy of Schiller and Kant - as well as the impact of Germany on foreign visitors from Coleridge to Thackeray and from Byron to Disraeli.
Providing a comprehensive and highly-readable account of Germany’s cultural life from Frederick the Great to Bismarck, ‘Genius, Power and Magic’ is fascinating reading for anyone interested in European history and cultural history.
The Secret World
Authors: Harrison Edward 
Published: June 2020

During World War II, Britain enjoyed spectacular success in the secret war between hostile intelligence services, enabling a substantial and successful expansion of British counter-espionage which continued to grow in the Cold War era. Hugh Trevor-Roper's experiences working in the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) during the war left a profound impression on him and he later observed the world of intelligence with particular discernment. To Trevor-Roper, who was always interested in the historical dimension of the present and was fully alive to the historical significance of the era in which he lived, the subjects of wartime intelligence and the complex espionage networks that developed in the Cold War period were as worthy of profound investigation and reflection as events from the more-distant past. Expressing his observations through some of his most ironic and entertaining correspondence, articles and reviews, Trevor-Roper wrote vividly about some of the greatest intelligence characters of the age - from Kim Philby and Michael Straight to the Germans Admiral Canaris and Otto John.
The coherence, depth and historical vision which unites these writings can only be glimpsed when they are brought together from the scattered publications in which they appeared, and when read beside his unpublished, private reflections. The Secret World unites Trevor-Roper's writings on the subject of intelligence - including the full text of The Philby Affair and some of his personal letters to leading figures. Based on original material and extensive supplementary research by E.D.R Harrison, this book is a sharp, revealing and personal first-hand account of the intelligence world in World War II and the Cold War.
The Tender Detail
Authors: Snyder Daniel E. 
Published: June 2020

The Tender Detail tells a story about the repression of sentimentality through architectural ornament. The protagonists are Louis H. Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, two of the most important architects and designers of ornament in American history.
Interweaving close readings of their architecture and writings with wide-ranging discussions about sexuality, gender, and philosophy, the book explores how both men worked to solve the problem of late nineteenth-century ornamentation. It suggests that their solutions, while widely different, were both intimately rooted in the tender emotions of sentimentality. Viewing ornament in this way reveals much, not only about Sullivan and Wright’s artistic intentions, but also about the role of affect, the value of beauty, and the agency and ontology of objects.
Illuminated by personal stories from their respective autobiographies, which add a level of human interest unusual in an academic work, The Tender Detail is a readable, scholarly study which sheds fresh light on Sullivan and Wright’s relationship, their work, and on the nature of ornament itself.
I'm Your Fan: The Songs of Leonard Cohen
Authors: Padgett Ray 
Published: June 2020

When I'm Your Fan: The Songs of Leonard Cohen hit stores in 1991, Leonard Cohen's career had plummeted from its revered 1960s high. Cohen's record label had refused to release his 1984 album Various Positions--including the song "Hallelujah"--in the United States. Luckily, Velvet Underground founder John Cale was one of the few who did hear "Hallelujah," and he covered it for I'm Your Fan, a collection of Cohen’s songs produced by a French fanzine. Jeff Buckley adored the tribute album and covered Cale's cover in 1994, never having heard Cohen's still-obscure original version.
In 2016, Stereogum labeled the tribute album "possibly the most universally derided format in pop music." However, without a tribute album, you wouldn't know the song "Hallelujah." Through Buckley through Cale, "Hallelujah" is now one of the most often-performed songs in the world--and it wouldn't be without this tribute album. I'm Your Fan thus offers a particularly notable example of a much broader truth: Despite all the eye-rolling they inspire, tribute albums matter. They can resuscitate legends' fading careers, or expose obscure artists who never had much of a career to begin with.
Low-level liquid cloud properties during ORACLES retrieved using airborne polarimetric measurements and a neural network algorithm
Authors: Miller Daniel J. , Segal-Rozenhaimer Michal , Knobelspiesse Kirk , Redemann Jens , Cairns Brian , Alexandrov Mikhail , van Diedenhoven Bastiaan , Wasilewski Andrzej 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. In this study we developed a neural network (NN) that can be used to retrieve cloud microphysical
properties from multiangular and multispectral polarimetric remote sensing observations. This
effort builds upon our previous work, which explored the sensitivity of neural network input,
architecture, and other design requirements for this type of remote sensing problem. In particular
this work introduces a framework for appropriately weighting total and polarized reflectances,
which have vastly different magnitudes and measurement uncertainties. The NN is trained using an
artificial training set and applied to research scanning polarimeter (RSP) data obtained during
the ORACLES field campaign (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS). The
polarimetric RSP observations are unique in that they observe the same cloud from a very large
number of angles within a variety of spectral bands, resulting in a large dataset that can be
explored rapidly with a NN approach. The usefulness of applying a NN to a dataset such as this one
stems from the possibility of rapidly obtaining a retrieval that could be subsequently applied as
a first guess for slower but more rigorous physical-based retrieval algorithms. This approach
could be particularly advantageous for more complicated atmospheric retrievals – such as when an
aerosol layer lies above clouds like in ORACLES. For RSP observations obtained during ORACLES
2016, comparisons between the NN and standard parametric polarimetric (PP) cloud retrieval give
reasonable results for droplet effective radius (re: R=0.756,
RMSE=1.74 µm) and cloud optical thickness (τ: R=0.950,
RMSE=1.82). This level of statistical agreement is shown to be similar to comparisons
between the two most well-established cloud retrievals, namely, the polarimetric and the
bispectral total reflectance cloud retrievals. The NN retrievals from the ORACLES 2017 dataset
result in retrievals of re (R=0.54, RMSE=4.77 µm) and τ
(R=0.785, RMSE=5.61) that behave much more poorly. In particular we found that our NN
retrieval approach does not perform well for thin (τ<3), inhomogeneous, or broken clouds. We
also found that correction for above-cloud atmospheric absorption improved the NN retrievals
moderately – but retrievals without this correction still behaved similarly to existing cloud
retrievals with a slight systematic offset.
A comparison of estimates of global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil carbon sources
Authors: Andrew Robbie M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Since the first estimate of global CO2 emissions was
published in 1894, important progress has been made in the development of
estimation methods while the number of available datasets has grown. The
existence of parallel efforts should lead to improved accuracy and
understanding of emissions estimates, but there remains significant
deviation between estimates and relatively poor understanding of the reasons
for this. Here I describe the most important global emissions datasets
available today and – by way of global, large-emitter, and case examples – quantitatively compare their estimates, exploring the reasons for
differences. In many cases differences in emissions come down to differences
in system boundaries: which emissions sources are included and which are
omitted. With minimal work in harmonising these system boundaries across
datasets, the range of estimates of global emissions drops to 5 %, and
further work on harmonisation would likely result in an even lower range,
without changing the data. Some potential errors were found, and some
discrepancies remain unexplained, but it is shown to be inappropriate to
conclude that uncertainty in emissions is high simply because estimates
exhibit a wide range. While “true” emissions cannot be known, by comparing
different datasets methodically, differences that result from system
boundaries and allocation approaches can be highlighted and set aside to
enable identification of true differences, and potential errors. This must
be an important way forward in improving global datasets of CO2
emissions. Data used to generate Figs. 3–18 are available at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687042 (Andrew, 2020).
Comparing Bayesian and traditional end-member mixing approaches for hydrograph separation in a glacierized basin
Authors: He Zhihua , Unger-Shayesteh Katy , Vorogushyn Sergiy , Weise Stephan M. , Duethmann Doris , Kalashnikova Olga , Gafurov Abror , Merz Bruno 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Tracer data have been successfully used for hydrograph separation in glacierized basins. However, in these basins uncertainties of the hydrograph separation are
large and are caused by the spatiotemporal variability in the tracer signatures of water sources, the uncertainty of water sampling, and
the mixing model uncertainty. In this study, we used electrical conductivity (EC) measurements and two isotope signatures (δ18O and
δ2H) to label the runoff components, including groundwater, snow and glacier meltwater, and rainfall, in a Central Asian glacierized
basin. The contributions of runoff components (CRCs) to the total runoff and the corresponding uncertainty were quantified by two mixing
approaches, namely a traditional end-member mixing approach (abbreviated as EMMA) and a Bayesian end-member mixing approach. The performance of the two
mixing approaches was compared in three seasons that are distinguished as the cold season, snowmelt season, and glacier melt season. The results show the following points. (1) The
Bayesian approach generally estimated smaller uncertainty ranges for the CRC when compared to the EMMA. (2) The Bayesian approach tended to be less
sensitive to the sampling uncertainties of meltwater than the EMMA. (3) Ignoring the model uncertainty caused by the isotope fractionation
likely led to an overestimated rainfall contribution and an underestimated meltwater share in the melt seasons. Our study provides the first
comparison of the two end-member mixing approaches for hydrograph separation in glacierized basins and gives insight into the application of
tracer-based mixing approaches in similar basins.
Simulations of future changes in thermal structure of Lake Erken: proof of concept for ISIMIP2b lake sector local simulation strategy
Authors: Ayala Ana I. , Moras Simone , Pierson Donald C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. This paper, as a part of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model
Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP2b), assesses the impacts of different levels
of global warming on the thermal structure of Lake Erken (Sweden). The General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM)
one-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to simulate water temperature
when using ISIMIP2b bias-corrected climate model projections as input. These
projections have a daily time step, while lake model simulations are often
forced at hourly or shorter time steps. Therefore, it was necessary to first
test the ability of GOTM to simulate Lake Erken water temperature using
daily vs hourly meteorological forcing data. In order to do this, three data
sets were used to force the model as follows: (1) hourly measured data, (2) daily average
data derived from the first data set, and (3) synthetic hourly data created
from the daily data set using generalised regression artificial neural
network methods. This last data set is developed using a method that could
also be applied to the daily time step ISIMIP scenarios to obtain hourly
model input if needed. The lake model was shown to accurately simulate Lake
Erken water temperature when forced with either daily or synthetic hourly
data. Long-term simulations forced with daily or synthetic hourly
meteorological data suggest that by the late 21st century the lake will
undergo clear changes in thermal structure. For the representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenario, namely RCP2.6, surface water
temperature was projected to increase by 1.79 and 1.36 ∘C when the lake model was forced at daily and hourly resolutions
respectively, and for RCP6.0 these increases were projected to be 3.08 and 2.31 ∘C. Changes in lake stability were
projected to increase, and the stratification duration was projected to be
longer by 13 and 11 d under RCP2.6 scenario and 22 and 18 d
under RCP6.0 scenario for daily and hourly resolutions. Model changes in
thermal indices were very similar when using either the daily or synthetic
hourly forcing, suggesting that the original ISIMIP climate model
projections at a daily time step can be sufficient for the purpose of
simulating lake water temperature.