bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caesarean Section in Pregnancies Conceived by Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lodge-Tulloch Nakeisha A , Elias Flavia T. S. , Pudwell Jessica , Gaudet Laura , Walker Mark , Smith Graeme N , Velez Maria P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Caesarean section rates are higher among pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared to spontaneous conceptions (SC), implying an increase in neonatal and maternal morbidity. We aimed to compare caesarean section rates in ART pregnancies versus SC, overall, by indication (elective versus emergent), and by type of ART treatment (in-vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), fresh embryo transfer, frozen embryo transfer) in a systematic review and meta‐analysis.Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL databases using the OVID Platform from 1993-2019, and the search was completed in January 2020. The eligibility criteria were cohort studies with singleton conceptions after in-vitro fertilization and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection using autologous oocytes versus spontaneous conceptions. The study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Meta-analyses were performed using odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using random effect models in RevMan 5.3, and I-squared (I2) test > 75% was considered as high heterogeneity.Results: 1750 studies were identified from the search of which 34 met the inclusion criteria. Compared to spontaneous conceptions, IVF/ICSI pregnancies were associated with a 1.93-fold increase of odds of caesarean section (95% CI 1.78, 2.09). When stratified by indication, IVF/ICSI pregnancies were associated with a 2.12-fold increase of odds of elective caesarean section (95% CI 1.63, 2.77) and 1.57-fold increase of odds of emergent caesarean section (95% CI 1.27, 1.95). Conclusions: The odds of delivering by caesarean section are greater for ART singleton pregnancies compared to spontaneous conceptions. Preconception and pregnancy care plans should focus on minimizing the risks that may lead to emergency caesarean sections and finding strategies to understand and decrease the rate of elective caesarean sections.
Effect of Different Cardioprotective Methods on Extracorporeal Circulation in Fetal Sheep: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yan Yibo , Lei Binfeng , Shi Shuo , Wu Qianbiao , Cai Jinsheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCongenital heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in newborns and infants. The development of fetal cardiac surgery is inextricably linked to extracorporeal circulation. We aimed to compare the effects of heart-stopping solutions and extracorporeal circulation on fetal sheep myocardium.MethodsEighteen pregnant sheep were divided into the non-stop group, St. Thomas stopping solution group, and histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate stopping solution group. The three groups underwent the extracorporeal circulation. The right atrial myocardial tissue was removed from the fetal sheep at specific time points, and apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. Creatine kinase‒muscle band (CKMB), troponin I (cTnI), and troponin T (cTnT) were measured as indicators of myocardial damage.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the serum cTnT, cTnI, and CKMB concentrations of fetal sheep among the three groups before starting extracorporeal circulation (P = 0.430, P = 0.391, P = 0.071). Changes in the serum cTnI (ng/L) concentrations were not significantly different among the three groups before and during the extracorporeal circulation (P > 0.05). The cTnI in the St. Thomas solution group at 1 hour post extracorporeal circulation was significantly higher than prior to it (P < 0.05), and cTnI in the non-stop group and histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate group after 2 hours was higher than in the pre-bypass value (P < 0.05). The cTnI in the histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate group at 1 and 2 hours after the extracorporeal circulation was lower than in the St. Thomas solution group. The number of TUNEL-positive cells in the two solution groups was higher than in the non-stop group (P = 0.001 and P = 0.048, respectively). The number of TUNEL-positive cells in the St. Thomas solution group was higher than in the histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate group (P = 0.007).ConclusionMyocardial protection in fetal sheep undergoing extracorporeal circulation was significantly better with non-stop beating than when the beating was stopped. Compared to the St. Thomas arrest solution, histidine‒tryptophan‒ketoglutarate stopping solution was associated with significantly reduced markers of myocardial damage in fetal sheep. Less cardiomyocyte apoptosis was observed when the beating was not stopped.
Association Between Serum Lipid Profiles and Colorectal Adenoma in Chinese Population
Authors: Liu Boying , Wen Pingwu , Gu Xiaodong , Ruiqiang Weng , Liu Sudong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Dyslipidemia may play an important role in the development of colorectal adenomas. This study aims to investigate the serum lipid profiles in patients with colorectal adenomas and determine correlation between dyslipidemia and colorectal adenomas.Methods: This retrospective case - control study included 2,960 patients with colorectal adenomas, and 1,263 participants with normal colonoscopy results served as controls. The serum levels of lipids were measured and comparison was made between patients and controls. The association between serum lipid levels, as well as other factors and colorectal adenoma was evaluated by multivariate regression logistic analysis.Results: The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apoliprotein B (ApoB) were significantly elevated in patients with colorectal adenomas compared with controls. The proportions of subjects with high LDL, high TC, high TG or multiple abnormality were significantly larger in adenoma group than the control group. Multivariate analysis suggested that serum levels of TC and TG were in significant associations with risk of both nonadvanced and advanced colorectal adenoma.Conclusions: Abnormal lipid profiles are associated with the risk of colorectal adenoma. Elevated serum TC and TG were correlated with the occurrence of adenoma, thus may serve as practical markers for classifying risk of colorectal adenoma.
Investigation of Structural, Electrical and Vibrational Properties of Bi1.98A0.02Fe4O9 (A= Ba, Ce) Multiferroic Ceramics
Authors: Sharma Poorva , Kumar Ashwini 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we report the synthesis, phase formation and basic characterization of polycrystalline Bi2Fe4O9, Bi1.98Ba0.02Fe4O9, and Bi1.98Ce0.02Fe4O9 sample prepared through sol-gel route. Crystal structure of the as prepared samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering spectroscopy. All the obtained XRD peaks could be indexed to orthorhombic Pbam structure and revealed the formation of Bi2Fe4O9. Raman spectrum identifies Ag, B2g and B3g active optical phonon modes. The size and morphology of the nanoparticles have been analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dielectric constant (e') decreases with increase in frequency and it is constant at higher frequencies region and it can be explained on the basis of ionic conduction phenomenon in the low frequency region. The value of e' for all Bi2Fe4O9 based S1, S2, S3 and S4 samples are about 37, 75, 40 and 393, respectively at frequency 10 Hz. The observed properties signify that these materials are very useful in advanced technological and practical applications.
Spawning habits and embryonic development of the lampeye killifish Aplocheilichthys spilauchen in ex situ fresh-and-brackish water environments
Authors: Okyere Isaac , Obeng Juliet Afrah , Ayitey Samuel , Zee Jouke Rients Van der , Meeus Herman 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aside from ornamental uses of killifishes, there is growing interest in using killies for a multiplicity of purposes including baitfish and mosquito biocontrol. This experiment explored the spawning habits and embryonic development of the banded lampeye, Aplocheilichthys spilauchen in ex situ freshwater (0.04 ‰) and brackish water (5.01 ‰) to ascertaining the captive breeding prospects for mosquito control in areas where they occur. Significantly higher number of eggs were laid in the brackish water than the freshwater (ꭓ2 = 1613.0, P < 0.05), and black mop was the most preferred spawning substrate, followed by green, blue and white mops. Microscopic monitoring of embryos revealed that cleavage occurred within the first 30 minutes after fertilisation, organogenesis commenced in averagely the 25th hour, and hatching in approximately 230 hours. Although certain embryonic developmental stages occurred faster in the freshwater than brackish water and freshwater eggs were relatively bigger than brackish water eggs, these differences were overall not significant and had no effects on the development and hatching. The observed outcome that A. spilauchen can be optimally propagated with black mops in brackish water offers a significant step in its use for the mosquito biocontrol programme, as well as other potential uses not yet explored.
Addressing the interaction between food insecurity, depression risk and informal work: findings of a cross-sectional survey among informal women workers with young children in South Africa.
Authors: Horwood Christiane , Haskins Lyn , Hinton Rachael , Connolly Catherine , Luthuli Silondile , Rollins Nigel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: There is a high burden of depression globally, including in South Africa. Maternal depression is associated with poverty, unstable income, food insecurity, and lack of partner support, and may lead to poor outcomes for mothers and children. In South Africa one-third of working women are in informal work, which is associated with socioeconomic vulnerability.Methods: A cross sectional survey explored work setting and conditions, food security and risk of depression among informal working women with young children (0-3years). Depression risk was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score (EPDS) and Whooley score. Food insecurity was evaluated using Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Data was analysed using SPSS and Stata. Results: Interviews were conducted with 265 informal women workers. Types of work included domestic work, home-based work, informal employees and own account workers, most of whom were informal traders. Most participants (149/265; 56.2%) earned between US$70-200 per month, but some participants (79/265; 29.8%) earned less than US$70 per month, and few earned >US$200 per month (37/265; 14.0%).Many participants experienced mild (38/267; 14.3%), moderate (72/265; 27.2%) or severe (43/265; 16%) food insecurity. Severe food insecurity was significantly higher among participants with the lowest income compared to those with the highest income (p= 0.027). Women who received financial support from the baby’s father were less likely to be food insecure (p=0.03).Using EPDS scores, 22/265 (8.3%) women were designated as being at risk of depression. This was similar among postnatal women and women with older children. Household food insecurity was significantly associated with depression risk (p<0.001).Conclusions: Informal women workers were shown to be vulnerable with low incomes and high rates of food insecurity, thus increasing the risk for poor maternal health. However, levels of depression risk were low compared to previous estimates in South Africa, suggesting that informal workers may have high levels of resilience. Interventions to improve social protection, access to health services, and support for safe childcare in the workplace could improve the health and wellbeing of these mothers and support them to care for their children.
Which is the most cost-effective strategy for nasal screening and Staphylococcus aureus decolonization in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Tonotsuka Hisahiro , Sugiyama Hajime , Amagami Ayano , Yonemoto Keigo , Sato Ryuichi , Saito Mitsuru 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To reduce periprosthetic joint infection after total hip arthroplasty (THA), several nasal screening and decolonization strategies for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) have been performed. These include universal decolonization (UD; i.e., no screening and decolonization for all patients), universal screening and target decolonization (US; i.e., screening for all patients and decolonization for bacterial positive patients), and target screening and decolonization (TS; i.e., screening and decolonization for high-risk populations only). Although TS is the most cost-effective strategy, useful risk factors must be identified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of predictive factors that enable the TS strategy to be successfully implemented and to compare the costs of each strategy.Methods: A total of 1654 patients scheduled for primary or revision THA (1464 females, 190 males; mean age 64 years) were screened prior to surgery for bacterial colonization of the nasal mucosa. Risk factors for positive MRSA and S. aureus (including both MRSA and MSSA) tests were analyzed according to the following parameters: sex, age ≥80 years, body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, antibiotic use within 3 years, corticosteroid use, serum albumin <3.5 g/dL, glomerular filtration rate <50 mL/min, presence of brain, thyroid, cardiac or pulmonary disease, diabetes, asthma, smoking status, and whether revision surgery was performed. The average cost of each strategy was calculated.Results: In total, 29 patients (1.8%) tested positive for MRSA and 445 (26.9%) tested positive for S. aureus. No parameters were identified as independent risk factors for MRSA and only female sex was identified as a risk factor for S. aureus (p=0.003; odds ratio: 1.790; 95% confidence interval: 1.210-2.640). The average cost of each strategy was 1928.3 yen for UD, 717.6 yen for US, and 717.6 yen for TS (for eradicating MRSA), and 1928.3 yen for UD, 1201.6 yen for US, and 1160.4 yen for TS (for eradicating S. aureus).Conclusions: No useful predictive parameters for implementing the TS strategy were identified. Based on cost implications, US is the most cost-effective strategy for THA patients.
Effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannula during exercise training in subjects with chronic respiratory failure
Authors: Chihara Yuichi , Tsuboi Tomomasa , Sumi Kensuke , Sato Atsuo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: There are no clinical data comparing the effect of exercise training using high fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) in combination with high flow through a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) with that of ordinary supplemental oxygen on exercise capacity in subjects with chronic respiratory failure (CRF) receiving long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 4 weeks of exercise training using high FIO2 in combination with high flow through an HFNC or supplemental oxygen via a nasal cannula on the 6-min walking distance of patients with CRF receiving LTOT.Methods: In this randomized study, 32 patients with CRF due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, or bronchiectasis receiving LTOT were assigned to undergo 4 weeks of exercise training on a cycle ergometer using an HFNC (flow: 50 L/min) with a FIO2 of 1.0 (HFNC group; n=16) or ordinary supplemental oxygen via a nasal cannula (flow: 6 L/min) (oxygen group; n=16). Before and after 4 weeks of exercise training, a 6-min walking test, constant-load test, and blood sampling were performed.Results: Prior to exercise training, the endurance time of the constant-load exercise test using an HFNC was significantly longer than that reported with prescribed oxygen in daily LTOT (p=0.004) or a 6 L/min nasal cannula (p=0.0003). Following 4 weeks of exercise training, change in the 6-min walking distance was significantly greater in the HFNC versus the oxygen group (55.2±69.6 m vs. —0.5±87.3 m, respectively; p=0.04). The plasma levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and serum C-reactive protein were significantly decreased only in the HFNC group, after 4 weeks of exercise training.Conclusions: Despite heterogeneity in the effect among patients, exercise training using high FIO2 in combination with high flow through an HFNC is a potentially superior exercise training modality for CRF patients receiving LTOT.Clinical Trial Registration ― http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier:　NCT02804243. Registered 13 June 2016.
Sexual Choice in Males of the Triatoma brasiliensis Complex: A Matter of Maintenance of the Species or Genetic Variability?
Authors: Antunes Cauan , Dias Letícia P. , de Almeida Guimarães Gabriel , Oliveira Jader , Aristeu da Rosa João , Almeida Carlos E. , Lopes Catarina M. , M. Gonçalves Teresa C. , Costa Jane 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Members of the Triatoma brasiliensis complex can produce experimental and natural hybrids. Crossing experiments performed in the laboratory, with several combinations between species of that complex, revealed a gradient of reproductive affinities among them. However, little is known about the reproductive males’ choices when they have the possibility of copulating with females of different species, including interspecific and conspecific females, at the same time. In this unprecedented experiment, the sexual choices of the T. brasiliensis complex and Triatoma infestans males were observed.

Methods:
Virgin males and females of T. b. brasiliensis, T. sherlocki, and T. infestans, and females of T. juazeirensis were used. The experiment was developed in an arena in which one male, one conspecific female, and two non-conspecific females were observed for 15 minutes. The following variables of mating behavior were observed: the male’s choice for a female; displacement time (the time it took the male to move from its stall until it reached the female); the copula itself (number of attempts and its occurrence); and the type of rejection of copula by the female.

Results:
Males of T. sherlocki were faster in finding the females (conspecific and non-conspecific) than T. b. brasiliensis and T. infestans. Males of T. b. brasiliensis and T. sherlocki were able to copulate with conspecific females and other female species: T. infestans and T. b. brasiliensis/T. juazeirensis, respectively. While T. infestans copulated with conspecific females, and T. juazeirensis and T. b. brasiliensis females.

Conclusion:
The results suggest that the choice for the copula is not always towards conspecific females. In fact, the males of the three different species tested were able to copulate with their conspecific females and also with other female species, which may induce the formation of hybrids and greater genetic diversity. These findings pose new challenges to the understanding of the reproductive behavior and the evolutionary aspects of the Triatominae. Therefore, in areas of sympatry, if no ecological barriers exist, there is the possibility of natural hybridization, which might reflect in the epidemiological risks since the species studied occur in endemic areas for the Chagas disease.
Kualitas Kepemilikan Pengetahuan Simbol Melayu Bidang Permainan di Kalangan Mahasiswa
Authors: Hermandra Hermandra , Mustafa M. Nur , Zulhafizh Zulhafizh 
Published: December 2020

This research was motivated by technological advances that have influenced traditional games' popularity as symbols of culture, so it is necessary to preserve and maintain them through the quality of knowledge. How can the quality of possession of knowledge of Malay symbols in the field of play among FKIP Riau University students be formulated? The research objective was to analyze and describe the quality of possession of knowledge of Malay symbols in the field of play among FKIP students at the University of Riau. This research used a descriptive quantitative approach—observation of knowledge with a likert scale. The observation sample was 870 people from a population of 6300 people or 13.8% of 100%. The sample was taken randomly based on questionnaire filling and collection. The technique of collecting data employed a questionnaire related to the traditional games of the Riau Malay community. The process of collecting data distributed through a google form. The collected data were substituted and analyzed with descriptive statistics, Product Moment, and Anova. The analysis results showed that students' knowledge regarding traditional games of the Malay community as a cultural symbol was at a standard of mean 4.37 with a very high category. The games of gasing, bakiak, congkak, enggrang, layang-layang, tarik tambang, petak umpet, benteng, ligu, and statak can contribute information to knowledge ownership of the games of the Riau Malay community by 35.9%. In comparison, other games were at 64.1%. The possession of this knowledge has supported documenting various games and preserving the existence of these games. Besides, the content of values ​​in the game is a means of character education and supports learning and learning activities.
The Effect of Concomitant Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation on the Condition of Patients with Ischemic Mitral Insufficiency
Authors: Rudenko S. A. 
Published: December 2020

Ischemic mitral regurgitation is one of the most difficult and complex problems of surgical treatment of coronary heart disease and drug therapy of this group of patients. Mitral regurgitation in coronary heart disease negatively affects the survival of patients. The combination of ischemic mitral regurgitation and tricuspid valve insufficiency significantly worsens the prognosis in this category of patients.
The aim. To study the effect of concomitant tricuspid insufficiency on the condition of patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation.
Material and methods. From January 2012 to December 2019, 292 patients with ischemic mitral insufficiency underwent surgical intervention at the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the NAMS of Ukraine.
Results and discussion. Almost half of the patients (48.0%) who applied to the Institute and had severe tricuspid valve regurgitation already had a history of moderate right atrial hypertrophy. In the expressed backflow on the tricuspid valve these blockades occur much more often than in the absence of insufficiency of the tricuspid valve (p<0.01). The occurrence of ventricular and atrial extrasystoles is also not reliably linked to the level of tricuspid valve regurgitation. Examining the results of surgical treatment of patients with mitral regurgitation of ischemic origin revealed positive correlation between the effect of tricuspid valve regurgitation and postoperative mortality. Examining the results of surgical treatment of patients with mitral regurgitation of ischemic origin revealed positive correlation between the effect of tricuspid valve regurgitation and postoperative mortality.
Conclusions. Concomitant tricuspid insufficiency in mitral regurgitation of ischemic origin significantly affects clinical condition of patients and their quality of life. The results of surgical treatment of patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation also depend on the degree of preoperative tricuspid valve regurgitation.