bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modernity, the Commons and Capitalism
Authors: Skouras George 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The modern way of life and reflected in modern political philosophy is directed by capitalist activity of both commodities and persons. Entities that do not have commodity value are worthless to the capitalist enterprise, regardless of any intrinsic value in themselves. Modernity is capitalist modernity. Modernity has given preference for objects/commodities over persons. This paper will argue for opening-up the landscape for alternative experiences to capitalism, as an attempt to move away from the capitalist enterprise. That is, be able to provide open space for people to use other than the buying and selling of commodities---where the commodification process breaks down and opens-up spaces for alternative experiences besides the capitalist experience. In other words, this work will attempt to serve as critique of Enlightenment philosophical discourse---that is, serve as a critique of the Age of Enlightenment serving as the foundational head of modernism---a plea for the rebellion against the quantification and mathematization of reality under modernist and industrial societies. It will use the modern landscape as the first effort to break free from the capitalist enterprise.
On Some Knowledge Measures of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets of Type Two with Application to MCDM
Authors: Singh Surender , Lalotra Sumita , Ganie Abdul Haseeb 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To overcome the certain limitations of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFSs), the notion of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets of Second Type (IFSST) was introduced. IFSST is a modified version of IFS for handling some problems in a reasonable manner. Type two Intuitionistic Fuzzy entropy (IFSST-entropy) measures the amount of ambiguity/uncertainty present in an IFSST. In the present paper, we introduce the concept of dual measure of IFSST-entropy, i.e., IFSST-knowledge measure. We develop some IFSST-knowledge measures and prove some of their properties. We also show the superiority of the proposed IFSST-knowledge measures through comparative study. Further, we demonstrate the application of the proposed knowledge measures in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM).
Respiratory Diseases in Children and Air Pollution – The Cost of – Illness Assessment in Ostrava City
Authors: Tóthová Dominika 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article addresses the need to identify and quantify the external costs of air pollution on the health of the population, especially children. The subjects of evaluation are the respiratory illnesses acute nasopharyngitis and acute bronchitis, both of which have very high incidence in connection with air pollution. The aim of this paper is to estimate the cost of morbidity and to determine the amount of additional social costs of airway morbidity among children aged 0–15 years in Ostrava city, one of the most polluted cities in Europe, compared to the incidence of these diseases in the whole Czech Republic. Estimation of social costs is based on the Cost-Of-Illness approach, in which the total value is made up of the costs actually incurred in treating illness and in loss of productivity. Using this approach, additional costs related to the treatment of illnesses were calculated at approximately €20 million per year, which represents approximately 0.4% of Ostrava's regional gross domestic product (GDP).
New tirapazamine derivatives protect cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin toxicity
Authors: Korga Agnieszka , Iwan Magdalena , Matosiuk Dariusz , Rzadkowska Marzena , Szacon Elzbieta , Humeniuk Ewelina , Sysa Marcin , Ostrowska Marta , Dudka Jaroslaw 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is caused by various mechanisms, most importantly by oxidative stress originating in the mitochondria. Tirapazamine is a hypoxia-activated anticancer experimental drug. Both drugs in normoxia conditions undergo univalent reduction, thus tirapazamine may compete with doxorubicin in univalent reduction enzyme uptake. Herein, tirapazamine derivatives consisted of drug molecules and alkyl chain-connected triphenylphosphine cations that bring about an accumulation in mitochondria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction of newly synthesized tirapazamine derivatives with doxorubicin in rat cardiomyocytes via an vitro model. In the work, H9C2 cells were incubated with combinations of doxorubicin, tirapazamine and seven variants of tirapazamine derivatives. After 24 hours, cell viability was assessed using MTT assay and the results were confirmed by microscopic observation. Tirapazamine in all tested concentrations did not revealed significant protective activity to cardiomyocytes treated with doxorubicine. However, tirapazamine derivatives diminished the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin regardless of concentration and alkyl chain length. Tirapazamine derivatives have shown protective effects in relation to cardiomyocytes treated with doxorubicin and the mechanism of this phenomenon must be confirmed.
Biochemical research of hepatoprotective activity of Lavaflam tablets in rats with subchronic hepatitis
Authors: Aslanian Milena A. , Bobrytska Larisa A. , Bereznyakova Natalya L. , Shpychak Oleg S. , Hrytsenko Vita I. , Germanyuk Tamara A. , Ivko Tatiana I. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Liver damage is a common problem all over the world. To optimize the drug provision in the limited financing of the Health Care System, it is necessary to develop new drugs with hepatoprotective properties that are highly effective and of low cost. That is why we developed the original drug Lavaflam. Lavaflam is a combination of the following substances: dry concentrate of Helichrysum arenarium and Lavender oil. The purpose of the research was to assess the biochemical evidence of the hepatoprotective properties of the drug Lavaflam on the experimental model of subchronic hepatitis in rats. Construction of an experimental model of subchronic hepatitis in rats, comparison of hepatoprotective properties of Lavaflam and Carsil preparations on the basis of biochemical research. The subject of the study was to determine the hepatoprotective properties of Lavaflam tablets. Experimental subchronic hepatitis induced in rats by way of intragastrical introduction of tetrachlormethane. The study drug Lavaflam in this experimental model of subchronic tetrachlormethane hepatitis in rats showed a positive effect on oxidant processes by increasing the compensatory mechanisms of antioxidant systems; inhibiting free radical pathology; having positive effect on the processes of biliary excretion, cholestasis, reduction of infiltrative, destructive and inflammatory process in the liver; decreasing the cytolytic process; restoring the structure of the membrane components of hepatocytes; stabilizing and enhancing functional activity of the liver; restoring its protein-synthetic function; and increasing the ability of the drug Lavaflam to restore metabolic and liver damage.
As a result of the performed biochemical study of the hepatoprotective action of Lavaflam, it has been found that in the developed drug Lavaflam, the level of hepatoprotective action corresponds with the reference drug Carsil.
Diagnosis of human cytomegvirus association with malignant gliomas and pro- and anti-inflammatories
Authors: Alameedy Fadyia Mahdi Muslim , Al-mashhadi Abbas Raheem Jebur 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The study was conducted on seventy individuals of both genders who have been exposed to human cytomegalovirus, a common illness in Iraq. Total cases of human cytomegvirus associated with malignant brain tumors were detected by a real time PCR technique. This resulted in only thirty-six cases of true infection. Of these 24 cases were female, while 12 cases of male infected. The titer to assay the presence of anti- and pro-inflammatories was assessed in sera of all patients by using ELISA kits to evaluate cytokines. This indicated that the pro-inflammatory IL12, after seven days increased (1.67±0.23 pg/ml), while IL4, an anti-inflammatory, decreased to reach (0.39±0.16 pg/ml) (at p<0.05) in the plasm of the experimental patients compared with the control group.
Preliminary screening of Nicotiana glauca extracts for determination of antioxidant activity by different methods
Authors: Trifa Warda , Akkal Salah , Lefahal Mostefa , Benmekhebi Lotfi , Khennouf Seddik 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Nicotiana glauca (Solanaceae), or tree tobacco, is found in dry arid climates of North America, Africa and Europe. It has been reported to have both toxic and medicinal properties. The main aim of this study was to analyze the phytochemical screening and quantitative estimation of polyphenols, flavonoids and flavonols of crude extracts from the leaves of Nicotiana glauca and to evaluate its in vitro antioxidant properties. Three different solvents were used to extract bioactive compounds from powdered leaves of Nicotiana glauca: dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (AE) and n-buthanol (n-BuOH). The three extracts were then subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using standard procedures. Total phenolics, total flavonoids and total flavonols contents of the extracts were measured by Folin Ciocalteu and Aluminium chloride methods respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity evaluation was performed using the DPPH, ABTS, DMSO alcalin, Phenantroline, FRAP and CUPRAC methods. The three extracts were then subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using standard procedures. These methods showed the presence of polyphenols and comarines in all extracts. Moreover, flavonoids, tannins, steroids and quinones were reported in the AE and n-BuOH extracts. In addition, alkaloids were seen to be present in DCM extract, while saponines and phlobatannins were absent in all extracts. The antioxidant capacity evaluation was performed using the DPPH, ABTS, DMSO alcalin, Phenantroline, FRAP and CUPRAC methods.
Results using the DPPH method showed strong free radical scavinging activity for three extracts. This activity decreased with increasing concentration in the following order: n-BuOH>AE>DCM. In other assays, all extracts showed good antioxidant activity which decreased with increasing concentration in the following order: AE > n-BuOH > DCM. Extracts were compared with standards: BHT, BHA, Tanic acid and α-Tocopherol. The antioxidant of these extracts is probably related to polyphenols content (351.55±0.07, 284.98±0.08 and 133.8±0.06 mg/g), flavonoids (105.97±0.04, 164.44±0.07 and 1.18±0.005 mg/g) and flavonols (22.41±0.24, 18.75±0.46 mg/g) in AE and n-BuOH, respectively.
As a conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that Nicotiana glauca leaves could be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants.
The evaluation of lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins in blood serum under obesity development and the consumption of aqueous kidney beans Phaseolus vulgaris pods extract
Authors: Yurchenko Alona , Krenytska Daryna , Savchuk Olexii , Halenova Tetiana , Raksha Natalia , Vovk Tetiana , Ostapchenko Ludmyla 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Our interest has focused on the investigation of the anti-obese potential of kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pods extract. In the course of the study, obesity development in rats was induced with high-calorie diet. Control and obese rats then have consumed with aqueous kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pods extract during 6 weeks (200 mg/kg). Results show that the long-term consumption of P. vulgaris pods extract can lead to the reduction of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance development. Furthermore, we saw a normalization of lipid peroxidation parameters and oxidative modification of protein due to the consumption of the kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pods extract. Our experimental data demonstrate the ability of the kidney beans (P. vulgaris) pod extracts to mitigate obesity development but the details of this mechanism remains to be not fully understood.
Did the four-year extended programme make a difference towards the success rate of the engineering faculty?
Authors: Sutherland Trudy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The four-year extended programme was offered from 2016 to 2018 at the Vaal University of Technology and statistically never been proved to be successful. Oral feedback from the faculty always portrait the programme to be successful, as students moved fluently through their years of study. The purpose of the extended programme was to improve the academic performance of students who are at risk due to their educational backgrounds. The key role of the extended qualification is therefore, to support educationally disadvantaged students who are underprepared despite meeting minimum admission criteria, by enabling them to be placed on an extended curriculum that will give them the academic foundations for successfully completing their studies. The purpose of this paper will be to statistically prove that the students who received the extended curriculum, based on the specific model followed, will perform well and they made a positive difference towards the success rate of the engineering faculty.
VET in the Marine Higher Education – Some Challenges and Outcomes
Authors: Ilieva Galina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Vocational Education Training (VET) programs offer much more than just training and a vision to the future career path of young people. It is a serious step to broaden professional horizons, competitiveness and personal development. VET systems in Europe are based on a well-developed network of various governmental structures, industrial employers and trade unions, supported by strong system of laws, rules and legislations. VET system was introduced in Bulgaria in 2016, pilot projects are being implemented in cooperation with Switzerland, Germany and Austria. Since October 2017 the Technical University of Varna (TUV) is a key partner in project DYNAMIC. It aims at development, implementation, test and validation of programs for VET for students from the TUV.
Integrated Neuronal Network in ERP for Management Decision Making
Authors: Țîrlea Anca Victoria , Kifor Claudiu Vasile , Țîrlea Florin Cristian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Enterprise Resource Planning systems have proven to be efficient and have become a de facto standard for coordinating vital business components. However, the obvious question has arisen: if each company uses the same ERP system, what happens to the competitive aspect of the business after the implementation of the IT systems?
While for some organizations, ERPs have only become a necessity for running and organizing business, others want to exploit it to exceed the performance of competitors.
Consequently, ERP systems are often a combined solution between the legacies of the systems they have replaced and the model proposed by the ERP provider, resulting in systems with unique, customized features. Keeping this idea, we aim to add to the present paper elements of artificial intelligence within a module for managing car sales within an ERP.
Immigrants and Asylum Seekers’ Digital Entrepreneurship Competence: Evaluation of the Theoretical Framework
Authors: Melnikova Julija , Jurgaityte Virginija , Zaščerinska Jeļena , Aleksejeva Ludmila , Leete Art , Koppel Helleka , Rohdin Ingmarie , Olsson Asa Hedlin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article reveals the concept of digital entrepreneurship and its framework for education of immigrants and asylum seekers in Baltic Sea countries. The research has been carried out in the boundaries of the Nordplus Adult project with participation of partner organisations from Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Sweden. As stated in the article, digital entrepreneurship is supposed to be one of the opportunities in promoting successful integration of immigrants and asylum seekers into labour market. Therefore, by supporting the development of entrepreneurship as an integral part of adult education, and modelling new methods of combining new digital technologies and entrepreneurship education it is intended to help both immigrants and asylum seekers to acquire relevant competence for successful integration into labour markets. The article’s purpose is to disclose the relevance of digital entrepreneurship as a new competence of immigrants and asylum seekers with respect to their needs for successful integration into the socio-economic situation of a host country. The method of data collection was interview with experts. The experts found the efficiency of the framework important to some degree. In the experts’ opinion, educational goals based on the framework are achievable. However, diversity of the target group could be a risky factor.
Thermo-Oxidative Decomposition of Lovage (Levisticum officinale) and Davana (Artemisia pallens) Essential Oils under Simulated Tobacco Heating Product Conditions
Authors: Jakab Emma , Sebestyén Zoltán , Babinszki Bence , Barta-Rajnai Eszter , Czégény Zsuzsanna , Nicol James , Clayton Peter , Liu Chuan 
Published: May 2020

Summary
The thermo-oxidative decomposition of lovage (Levisticum officinale) and davana (Artemisia pallens) essential oils has been studied by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in 9% oxygen and 91% nitrogen atmosphere at 300 °C to simulate low-temperature tobacco heating conditions. Both lovage and davana oils contain numerous chemical substances; the main components of both oils are various oxygen-containing compounds. Isobenzofuranones are the most important constituents of lovage oil, and their relative intensity changed significantly during oxidative pyrolysis. (Z)-ligustilide underwent two kinds of decomposition reactions: an aromatization reaction resulting in the formation of butylidenephthalide and the scission of the lactone ring with the elimination of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide. Davanone is the main component of davana oil, which did not decompose considerably during low-temperature oxidative pyrolysis. However, the relative yield of the second most intensive component, bicyclogermacrene, reduced markedly due to bond rearrangement reactions. Davana ether underwent oxidation reactions leading to the formation of various furanic compounds. The changes in the composition of both essential oils could be interpreted in terms of bond splitting, intramolecular rearrangement mechanisms and oxidation reactions of several constituents during low-temperature oxidative pyrolysis. The applied thermo-oxidative method was found to be suitable to study the stability of the essential oils and monitor the decomposition products under simulated tobacco heating conditions. In spite of the complicated composition of the essential oils, no evidence for interaction between the oil components was found. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 29 (2020) 27–43]
Estimation of the Probability of Head Injury at a Given Abbreviated Injury Scale Level by Means of a Fuction of Head Injury Criterion
Authors: Chybowski Leszek , Przetakiewicz Wojciech 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a review of the basic literature on the determination of head injury effects. Introduction to the subject of Head Injury Criterion (HIC) applications as likelihood of head injury measures was made. Individual levels of Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) were listed as a representation of the consequences of head injury. Prasad and Mertz curves describing the relationship between the HIC value and the probability of injury for a given AIS level were presented. Exponential models, developed by the authors, representing individual curves were presented. The probability of head injuries at different AIS levels was estimated for selected case studies presented in the literature devoted to human workplace safety. The analysis was concluded with debate and conclusions on the use of the proposed models.
Identification and Solution of Safety and Operational-Economic Risks in Railway Transport
Authors: Sellner Karel , Vysloužilová Daniela 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper is concerned with the issue of safety and risks in transport with a detailed focus on rail transport. Nowadays, when it is required to prefer safe and environmentally friendly modes of transport, the knowledge of this issue is important. Part of the paper is an analysis of individual risk factors in railway transport. These include risks in the field of railway safety, natural disasters, economic risks, risks in management systems and technical equipment, and risks related to legislative changes. Attention is paid to comparison and evaluation of individual risk factors in terms of severity and probability of occurrence - frequency. Following the analysis and evaluation of the risk level, are suggest possible or optimal ways to resolve them. The outcome of it is to eliminate or minimize them in the railway transport undertaking. The final part briefly describes the current situation in rail transport, recent developments and the main conditions and assumptions for its further development.
Using Norm-Based PSAs to Foster Green Behavior in a University: Some Preliminary Results from Lithuania
Authors: Poškus Mykolas Simas , Valickienė Rasa Pilkauskaitė , Kuzinas Arvydas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Three field studies using norm-based public service announcements were carried out in a university context. The studies yielded inconclusive results, pointing toward the need to investigate the contextual and individual effectiveness of persuasive communication based on making social norms salient. The presented studies are discussed as the first steps in introducing persuasive pro-environmental communication in a specific university context and some ways forward are proposed.
Numerical Procedures and their Practical Application in PV Module Analyses. Part IV: Atmospheric Transparency Parameters - Application
Authors: Rodziewicz Tadeusz , Rajfur Małgorzata , Wacławek Maria 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The presented article relates to aspects of PV module testing using natural sunlight in outdoor conditions. It is a continuation of the article Part III: parameters of atmospheric transparency - determining and correlations. This article discusses the practical application of the indexes: atmosphere purity - k

Tm
, diffused component content - k

s/o
, beam clear sky index - K

b
- in testing various modules in outdoor conditions. Their influence on the conversion of modules made from various absorbers and various technologies is demonstrated. Their practical application in module testing in outdoor conditions is described and it - has been demonstrated that the results of the analyses carried out using the indexes conform to the results obtained using spectral parameters of solar radiation (i.e. APE and UF). These are the measurements that require the use of very expensive equipment.
An Empirical Study on How Climate and Environmental Issues Awareness Affects Low Carbon Use Behaviour
Authors: Huang Su-Ping , Ma Shan-Zi , Pan Yang , Li Yan , Yuan Yu-Hsi , Tsai Sang-Bing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Using survey, we discuss how climate and environmental issues awareness affects residents’ low carbon use behaviour. The results are following. Firstly, climate and environmental issues awareness positively affects residents’ low carbon use. Secondly, perceived effectiveness has mediate effect on the relationship between climate and environmental issues awareness and low carbon use behaviour partly. Thirdly, perceived value has negative moderate effect on the relationship between climate and environmental issues awareness and low carbon use conduct. The results of this study show that when residents feel higher perceived value about their low carbon consumption, they will engage in low carbon use even with lower climate and environmental issues awareness. It tells us that we should treat the residents differently with classification when advocate low carbon use. Specifically, there are some product and service in which consumers can gain high perceived value if the residents frugally use them with high efficiency. And we need to make effort to the following things: we improve the perceived value with hard working, and on the other hand, we make enough effort to enable the residents to deeply experience the perceived value via multiple means.