bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteome and microbiota analysis highlight Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 supplementation improves energy metabolism and exercise performance in mice
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ming , Liao Chen‐Chung , Huang Yen‐Chun , Chen Ming‐Yi , Huang Chi‐Chang , Chen Wen‐Chyuan , Chiu Yen‐Shuo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLactobacillus plantarum TWK10 (LP10) is a probiotic known to improve endurance exercise performance. Here, we analyze the proteomics and metagenomic changes in a LP10 supplemented mouse model. Male ICR mice were divided into two groups (n = 8) to receive by oral gavage either vehicle or of LP10 for 6 weeks. Proteins changes by LP10 treatment were subjected to the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to provide corroborative evidence for differential regulation of molecular and cellular functions affecting metabolic processes. Fecal samples were obtained from each mouse, and the microbial community profile analyzed by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. Of the 880 identified proteins, 25 proteins were significantly downregulated and 44 proteins were significantly upregulated in the LP10 treated compared to vehicle group. LP10 supplementation shift in the gut microbiota to butyrate‐producing members and provided from lipid oxidation since peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in liver.
Angular Dependence of Solar Cell Parameters in Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells Textured with Periodic Array of Microholes
Authors: Altinoluk Serra , Kumar Naveen , Ciftpinar Emine Hande , Demircioglu O. , Turan Rasit , Vasileska Dragica 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSurface texturing is an indispensable way of increasing absorption in solar cells. In order to properly characterize the effect of texturing, the angular dependence of the incidence light should be addressed. This is particularly important when the actual application where the incidence angle of the sunlight varies during the day is considered. This study presents the angular dependence of solar cell parameters in the case of periodically textured crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells with microholes. A standard solar cell with pyramid texturing is also studied for comparison. It is shown that the incidence angle for the highest efficiency depends on the surface structure. While a standard pyramid‐textured surface performs best at the zero angle of incidence, it is needed to tilt the sample with microholes textures 15° with respect to the surface normal. This is also confirmed by the simulation study performed for the structures presented in this study.
Digitizing observations from the Met Office Daily Weather Reports for 1900–1910 using citizen scientist volunteers
Authors: Craig Philip M. , Hawkins Ed 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe describe the digitization of 1.8 million sub‐daily and daily weather observations which were recorded in the UK Met Office Daily Weather Reports during the 1900–1910 period. The data were rescued from scanned images of the original documents by 2,148 volunteer citizen scientists using the weatherrescue.org website. The rescued observations include dry and wet bulb temperatures, daily maximum and minimum temperatures, daily rainfall amounts and sub‐daily sea‐level pressure from 72 different locations across western Europe. These observations will be used to fill gaps in existing pressure, temperature and rainfall records and are one of the largest recoveries of weather data by citizen scientists. The value of these additional observations is highlighted by comparing the pressure observations to the Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 3 ensemble for some specific case studies.
GLAST‐CreERT2mediated deletion ofGDNFincreases brain damage and exacerbates long‐term stroke outcomes after focal ischemic stroke in mouse model
Authors: Zhang Nannan , Zhang Zhe , He Rui , Li Hailong , Ding Shinghua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFocal ischemic stroke (FIS) is a leading cause of human death. Glial scar formation largely caused by reactive astrogliosis in peri‐infarct region (PIR) is the hallmark of FIS. Glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was originally isolated from a rat glioma cell‐line supernatant and is a potent survival neurotrophic factor. Here, usingCreERT2–LoxPrecombination technology, we generated inducible and astrocyte‐specific GDNF conditional knockout (cKO), that is, GLAST‐GDNF−/−cKO mice to investigate the effect of reactive astrocytes (RAs)‐derived GDNF on neuronal death, brain damage, oxidative stress and motor function recovery after photothrombosis (PT)‐induced FIS. Under non‐ischemic conditions, we found that adult GLAST‐GDNF−/−cKO mice exhibited significant lower numbers of Brdu+, Ki67+ cells, and DCX+ cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) in hippocampus than GDNF floxed (GDNFf/f) control (Ctrl) mice, indicating endogenous astrocytic GDNF can promote adult neurogenesis. Under ischemic conditions, GLAST‐GDNF−/−cKO mice had a significant increase in infarct volume, hippocampal damage and FJB+ degenerating neurons after PT as compared with the Ctrl mice. GLAST‐GDNF−/−cKO mice also had lower densities of Brdu+ and Ki67+ cells in the PIR and exhibited larger behavioral deficits than the Ctrl mice. Mechanistically, GDNF deficiency in astrocytes increased oxidative stress through the downregulation of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in RAs. In summary, our study indicates that RAs‐derived endogenous GDNF plays important roles in reducing brain damage and promoting brain recovery after FIS through neural regeneration and suggests that promoting anti‐oxidant mechanism in RAs is a potential strategy in stroke therapy.
Risk factors for symptomatic HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder in adults aged 50 and over attending a HIV clinic in Tanzania
Authors: Eaton Patrick , Lewis Thomas , Kellett‐Wright Johanna , Flatt Aidan , Urasa Sarah , Howlett William , Dekker Marieke , Kisoli Aloyce , Rogathe Jane , Thornton Jessica , McCartney Judith , Yarwood Vanessa , Irwin Charlotte , Mukaetova‐Ladinska Elizabeta B. , Akinyemi Rufus , Gray William K. , Walker Richard W. , Dotchin Catherine L. , Makupa Philip C. , Quaker Andrew‐Leon S. , Paddick Stella‐Maria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesHIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), although prevalent, remains a poorly researched cause of morbidity particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). We aimed to explore the risk factors for HAND in people aged 50 and over under regular follow‐up at a government HIV clinic in Tanzania.MethodsHIV‐positive adults aged 50 years and over were approached for recruitment at a routine HIV clinic appointment over a 4‐month period. A diagnostic assessment for HAND was implemented, including a full medical/neurological assessment and a collateral history from a relative. We investigated potential risk factors using a structured questionnaire and by examination of clinic records.ResultsOf the cohort (n = 253), 183 (72.3%) were female and the median age was 57 years. Fifty‐five individuals (21.7%) met the criteria for symptomatic HAND. Participants were at a greater risk of having symptomatic HAND if they lived alone [odds ratio (OR) = 2.566, P = .015], were illiterate (OR 3.171, P = .003) or older at the time of HIV diagnosis (OR = 1.057, P = .015). Age was correlated with symptomatic HAND in univariate, but not multivariate analysis.ConclusionsIn this setting, HIV‐specific factors, such as nadir CD4 count, were not related to symptomatic HAND. The “legacy theory” of early central nervous system damage prior to initiation of anti‐retroviral therapy initiation may contribute, only in part, to a multifactorial aetiology of HAND in older people. Social isolation and illiteracy were associated with symptomatic HAND, suggesting greater cognitive reserve might be protective.
Acyl‐Coenzyme A Thioesterase 9 Traffics Mitochondrial Short‐Chain Fatty Acids Toward De Novo Lipogenesis and Glucose Production in the Liver
Authors: Steensels Sandra , Qiao Jixuan , Zhang Yanzhen , Maner‐Smith Kristal M. , Kika Nourhan , Holman Corey D. , Corey Kathleen E. , Bracken W. Clay , Ortlund Eric A. , Ersoy Baran A. 
Published: June 2020

Background and Aims
Obesity‐induced pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with increased de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and hepatic glucose production (HGP) that is due to excess fatty acids. Acyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) thioesterase (Acot) family members control the cellular utilization of fatty acids by hydrolyzing (deactivating) acyl‐CoA into nonesterified fatty acids and CoASH.

Approach and Results
Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we identified Acot9 as the strongest regulator of lipid accumulation within the Acot family. Indicative of a maladaptive function, hepatic Acot9 expression was higher in patients with obesity who had NAFLD and NASH compared with healthy controls with obesity. In the setting of excessive nutrition, global ablation of Acot9 protected mice against increases in weight gain, HGP, steatosis, and steatohepatitis. Supportive of a hepatic function, the liver‐specific deletion of Acot9 inhibited HGP and steatosis in mice without affecting diet‐induced weight gain. By contrast, the rescue of Acot9 expression only in the livers of Acot9 knockout mice was sufficient to promote HGP and steatosis. Mechanistically, hepatic Acot9 localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it deactivated short‐chain but not long‐chain fatty acyl‐CoA. This unique localization and activity of Acot9 directed acetyl‐CoA away from protein lysine acetylation and toward the citric acid (TCA) cycle. Acot9‐mediated exacerbation of triglyceride and glucose biosynthesis was attributable at least in part to increased TCA cycle activity, which provided substrates for HGP and DNL. β‐oxidation and ketone body production, which depend on long‐chain fatty acyl‐CoA, were not regulated by Acot9.

Conclusions
Taken together, our findings indicate that Acot9 channels hepatic acyl‐CoAs toward increased HGP and DNL under the pathophysiology of obesity. Therefore, Acot9 represents a target for the management of NAFLD.
Quantifying the spatial variability of melting seasonal ground ice and its influence on potential evapotranspiration spatial variability in a boreal peatland
Authors: Van Huizen Brandon , Petrone Richard M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMelting seasonal ground ice (SGI) in western Boreal Plains (WBP) peatlands can reduce the available energy at the surface by reducing potential evapotranspiration (PET). PET often exceeds annual precipitation in the WBP. Including this effect in hydrological models may be important in assessing water deficits. However, SGI melt and the timing of ice‐free conditions vary spatially, which suggests PET spatial variability could be influenced by SGI. Understanding this potential linkage can help improve site scale PET in peatland hydrological models. The objectives of this paper were (a) to quantify the effect of ice thickness and melt rate on peatland PET; (b) quantify the spatial variability of SGI thickness and melt rate across spatial scales; and (c) assess how/if spatial variability in SGI thickness/melt rate affects site scale PET. Results from the sensitivity analysis indicated that SGI thickness had a bigger impact on reducing PET compared with the melt rate. Two SGI thickness values were used that were observed on site: 0.32 m, which was measured in a more treed area, and 0.18 m, which was in a more open area. The 0.32 m had an average PET reduction of 14 mm (±0.7), over the month of May, compared with 9 mm (±1 mm) when there was 0.18 m of SGI, which are 13.7 and 8.8% reductions, respectively. SGI thickness and melt rate, both exhibited large‐ and small‐scale spatial variability. At the large scale, spatial patterns in SGI thickness appeared to be influenced by extensive shading from the adjacent hillslopes. Small scale, SGI thickness may be a function of tree proximity and the snowpack. Finally, net radiation, rather than SGI, appeared to be the main driver behind PET spatial variability. This work enhances our conceptual understanding of the role of SGI in WBP peatlands. Future work can use the findings to better inform peatland hydrological models, allowing for better representation of peatlands in regional‐scale models.
Replicating the Levitt and Porter estimates of drunk driving
Authors: Dunn Richard A. , Tefft Nathan W. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryEstimates of the prevalence and risk of drinking‐and‐driving are a high‐priority need for researchers and policymakers. Levitt and Porter (Journal of Political Economy, 2001, 109(6), 1198–1237) demonstrate how these can be recovered using publicly available information in the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). Although robust to systematic misreporting and sample selection and far cheaper to implement than surveys, their methodological innovations are largely ignored. We believe this arises partly from difficulty in replicating their results. This article identifies the underlying causes of replication failure and offers practical guidance for future implementation that takes advantage of the current structure of the FARS data.
Preparation and characteristics of a novel oxygen‐releasing coating for improved cell responses in hypoxic environment
Authors: Jiang Yuyin , Xie Youtao , Chen Zhaoming , Li Kai , Zheng Xuebin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAffected by environmental factors such as oxygen deficiency, the secretion of growth factor was abnormal in bone injury sites, resulting in the poor responses of osteoblasts and prolonging the healing process. Herein, in this study, we reported an in situ oxygen‐releasing porous titanium coating that combines the dual degradability of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) with the self‐releasing oxygen capacity of the CaO2 core. The resulting formulation exhibited stable oxygen‐releasing capacity as well as the ability to promote proliferation and differentiation of the MC3T3 cell line under hypoxia conditions. According to these results, oxygen‐releasing coatings based on improved cellular microenvironment may be a promising bone repair material that would reduce the incidence of difficult bone healing in the future.
Advanced financial reporting—The French approach to the disclosure problem
Authors: Hecht Andreas , Hachmeister Dirk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSound decision‐making depends on an appropriate level of relevant information. This topic is on the agenda of international standard setters in order to increase the decision usefulness of financial disclosures for the addressees of corporate reporting. A look at France demonstrates how a unique recommendation on financial market communication initiated by the Financial Supervisory Authority, which goes beyond legal requirements, can help solve the problem. The resulting advanced disclosures not only provide a clear picture of the origin and magnitude of, for example, financial risks but also of the extent to which the company has reduced or increased the risk with derivative instruments. Such unprecedented transparency could raise the inhibition threshold for speculation. In addition, we illustrate that the enhanced data granularity could benefit various stakeholders through more meaningful competitive or benchmarking analyses.
Randomized Crossover Trial to Compare Abuse Liability of Intravenous Remimazolam Versus Intravenous Midazolam and Placebo in Recreational Central Nervous System Depressant Users
Authors: Schippers Frank , Pesic Marija , Saunders Robert , Borkett Keith , Searle Shawn , Webster Lynn , Stoehr Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRemimazolam (RMZ) is a new and ultra‐fast‐acting, short‐duration intravenous benzodiazepine, a drug class associated with abuse potential. This trial was designed to compare the abuse potential of remimazolam with placebo and midazolam (MDZ), a well‐characterized member of the same pharmacological class in healthy, recreational drug users 18‐55 years‐of‐age, who demonstrated good drug tolerance and were able to discriminate between midazolam and placebo. At equipotent intravenous doses selected to produce effects ranging from mild/moderate to relatively strong sedation without loss of consciousness (RMZ: 5, 10 mg versus MDZ: 2.5, 5 mg), peak scores (Emax or Emin, respectively) for drug liking, good/bad/any effects, and sedation (drowsiness and relaxation) were significantly greater than placebo for both active drugs and were broadly comparable between RMZ and MDZ. In contrast, areas under the effect‐time curves (TA_AUE) were notably lower for RMZ versus MDZ, particularly for measures of good and any effects, reflecting the shorter duration of action and consistent with the more rapid observed plasma clearance for RMZ versus MDZ and the lack of an active RMZ metabolite. Scores for willingness to take drug again were also lower for RMZ versus MDZ, but not significantly so. We concluded that the abuse potential of RMZ is comparable to or lower than that of MDZ, a drug known to have a low potential for intravenous abuse.
A subset of microRNAs in the Dlk1‐Dio3 cluster regulates age‐associated muscle atrophy by targeting Atrogin‐1
Authors: Shin Yeo Jin , Kwon Eun‐Soo , Lee Seung‐Min , Kim Seon‐Kyu , Min Kyung‐Won , Lim Jae‐Young , Lee Bora , Kang Jae Sook , Kwak Ju Yeon , Son Young Hoon , Choi Jeong Yi , Yang Yong Ryul , Kim Seokho , Kim Yeon‐Soo , Jang Hak C. , Suh Yousin , Yoon Je‐Hyun , Lee Kwang‐Pyo , Kwon Ki‐Sun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe microRNAs (miRNAs) down‐regulated in aged mouse skeletal muscle were mainly clustered within the delta‐like homologue 1 and the type III iodothyronine deiodinase (Dlk1‐Dio3) genomic region. Although clustered miRNAs are coexpressed and regulate multiple targets in a specific signalling pathway, the function of miRNAs in the Dlk1‐Dio3 cluster in muscle aging is largely unknown. We aimed to ascertain whether these miRNAs play a common role to regulate age‐related muscle atrophy.MethodsTo examine anti‐atrophic effect of miRNAs, we individually transfected 42 miRNA mimics in fully differentiated myotubes and analysed their diameters. The luciferase reporter assay using target 3′ untranslated region (UTR) and RNA pull‐down assay were employed to ascertain the target predicted by the TargetScan algorithm. To investigate the therapeutic potential of the miRNAs in vivo, we generated adeno‐associated virus (AAV) serotype 9 expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) (AAV9‐GFP) bearing miR‐376c‐3p and infected it into the tibialis anterior muscle of old mice. We performed morphometric analysis and measured ex vivo isometric force using a force transducer. Human gluteus maximus muscle tissues (ages ranging from 25 to 80 years) were used to investigate expression levels of the conserved miRNAs in the Dlk1‐Dio3 cluster.ResultsWe found that the majority of miRNAs (33 out of 42 tested) in the cluster induced anti‐atrophic phenotypes in fully differentiated myotubes with increasing their diameters. Eighteen of these miRNAs, eight of which are conserved in humans, harboured predicted binding sites in the 3′ UTR of muscle atrophy gene‐1 (Atrogin‐1) encoding a muscle‐specific E3 ligase. Direct interactions were identified between these miRNAs and the 3′ UTR of Atrogin‐1, leading to repression of Atrogin‐1 and thereby induction of eIF3f protein content, in both human and mouse skeletal muscle cells. Intramuscular delivery of AAV9 expressing miR‐376c‐3p, one of the most effective miRNAs in myotube thickening, dramatically ameliorated skeletal muscle atrophy and improved muscle function, including isometric force, twitch force, and fatigue resistance in old mice. Consistent with our findings in mice, the expression of miRNAs in the cluster was significantly down‐regulated in human muscle from individuals > 50 years old.ConclusionsOur study suggests that genetic intervention using a muscle‐directed miRNA delivery system has therapeutic efficacy in preventing Atrogin‐1‐mediated muscle atrophy in sarcopenia.
Accurate automatic detection of acute lymphatic leukemia using a refined simple classification
Authors: Al‐Tahhan F. E. , Fares M. E. , Sakr Ali A. , Aladle Doaa A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn improved classification technique is presented to identify automatically the acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) subtypes. An adaptive segmentation procedure is performed on peripheral blood smear images to extract the main features (10 geometric features) from the segmented images of white blood cell (WBC), nucleus, and cytoplasm. To show the importance of the different extracted features for the diagnostic accuracy, a comprehensive study is made on all the possible permutation cases of the features using powerful classifiers which are K‐nearest neighbor (KNN) at different metric functions, support vector machine (SVM) with different kernels, and artificial neural network (ANN). This procedure enables us to construct a feature map depending only on least number of features which lead to the highest diagnostic accuracy. It is found that the features map regarding the vacuoles in the cytoplasm and the regularity of the nucleus membrane gives the highest accurate results. The automatic classification for ALL subtypes based only on these two effective features is assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and F1‐score measures. It is confirmed that the present technique is highly accurate, and saves the effort and time of training.
Comparison of radiation doses between diagnostic full‐field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT): a clinical study
Authors: Asbeutah Akram M. , AlMajran Abdullah A. , Brindhaban Ajit , Asbeutah Saad A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThere are increasing concerns about radiation exposure among women who undergo full‐field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). The main aim of this study was to compare the entrance surface dose (ESD) and average glandular dose (AGD) from FFDM and DBT for different breast thicknesses.MethodsThe ESD and AGD for FFDM in craniocaudal, mediolateral oblique and DBT in craniocaudal projection were recorded from a GE Senographe Essential FFDM unit. The accuracy of the ESD and AGD from the FFDM unit was verified during regular quality assurance programme. Patients were categorised according to their compressed breast thicknesses. X‐ray tube potential and target filter combinations were varied with ESD and AGD recorded directly from the FFDM unit. The non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were performed.ResultsThe median and interquartile range (IQR) age of the patients were 48 and 11 years, respectively. The highest median for ESD and median total AGD for different breast thicknesses were ranged from 3.3 to 9.1 mGy and 3.3 to 6.0 mGy, respectively, for two‐view FFDM. However, it ranged from 3.1 to 8.9 mGy and 1.8 to 4.0 mGy, respectively, for single‐view DBT. Both ESD and AGD were significantly lower for DBT (P < 0.001) compared with FFDM. There was a significant difference (P = 0.001) in the ESD and AGD values for different breast thicknesses in FFDM and DBT techniques.ConclusionsThe AGD for a single‐view DBT was lower than the two‐view FFDM technique.