bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Effect of Loratadine and Calcium Ions on Oxidoreductase Activity of Catalase Enzyme
Authors: Hasković Edhem , Herenda Safija , Halilović Zehra , Unčanin Snežana , Hasković Denis , Deljkić Ena 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The Spectrophotometric method is one of the most suitable analytical techniques
for testing the activity of enzymes under the influence of various factors.

Methods:
The effect of H1-antihistamines of loratadine and calcium ions on enzyme catalase under
in vitro conditions was investigated in this paper.

Results and Discussion:
It has been shown that loratadine is a partial inhibitor of catalase, but this
effect is diminished in the presence of calcium ions. Calcium as well as other cations are important
for many biological and cellular functions. The kidneys play a central role in the homeostasis of these
ions. The activity of the catalase enzyme under the given conditions, the type of inhibition, and the
kinetic parameters of the enzyme reaction were determined.

Conclusion:
We concluded that loratadine is a partially competitive inhibitor.
Toll-like Receptor 4 Gene Polymorphisms in Chinese Population After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Zhao Yi , Zhang Yujie , Zhou Jie , Wang Lijuan , Shi Jimin , Tan Yamin , Luo Yi , Huang He , Cai Zhen 
Published: August 2020

Objectives::
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the most common complication after
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and remains to be a major cause of mortality.
Activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) by lipopolysaccharide induces the NF-κB signaling
pathway to release critical proinflammatory cytokines and increases the recipient response to
GVHD. In order to clarify the role of TLR-4 in the occurrence of acute GVHD after HSCT, we
collected 208 samples from HSCT recipients and their human lecucyte antigen identical donors to
test the hypothesis that TLR-4polymorphism in the recipients or donors influence the risk of acute
GVHD in allogeneic HSCT recipients.

Methods::
TLR-4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms of each sample were examined by
using DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism
methods.

Results::
No homozygous or heterozygous variant alleles of the Asp299Gly or Thr339Ile
polymorphism were detected in any samples in our study. Our results demonstrate that TLR-4
Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms might be very rare in the Chinese population (Eastern
China and Taiwan region).

Conclusion::
The results of this study cannot confirm the role of TLR-4 mutations in the
pathogenesis of GVHD in humans, yet we reach a definite conclusion by a TLR-4 knockout
murine GVHD model in our ongoing project.
Investigating the Molecular Basis for the Selective Inhibition of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 by the Isoflavonoid Daidzin
Authors: da Silva Cunha Thayssa Tavares , de Souza Felipe Rodrigues , de Sena Murteira Pinheiro Pedro , de Sant’Anna Carlos Maurício Rabello , Noël François , Costa França Tanos Celmar , Manssour Fraga Carlos Alberto 
Published: August 2020

Background:
ALDH-2 has been considered an important molecular target for the treatment
of drug addiction due to its involvement in the metabolism of the neurotransmitter dopamine: however,
the molecular basis for the selective inhibition of ALDH-2 versus ALDH-1 should be better investigated
to enable a more pragmatic approach to the design of novel ALDH-2 selective inhibitors.

Objective:
In the present study, we investigated the molecular basis for the selective inhibition of
ALDH-2 by the antioxidant isoflavonoid daidzin (IC50 = 0.15 μM) compared to isoform 1 of ALDH
through molecular dynamics studies and semiempirical calculations of the enthalpy of interaction.

Methods:
The applied methodology consisted of performing the molecular docking of daidzin in the
structures of ALDH-1 and ALDH-2 and submitting the lower energy complexes obtained to semiempirical
calculations and dynamic molecular simulations.

Results:
Daidzin in complex with ALDH-2 presented directed and more specific interactions, resulting
in stronger bonds in energetic terms and, therefore, in enthalpic gain. Moreover, the hydrophobic subunits
of daidzin, in a conformationally more restricted environment (such as the catalytic site of
ALDH-2), promote the better organization of the water molecules when immersed in the solvent, also
resulting in an entropic gain.

Conclusion:
The molecular basis of selective inhibition of ALDH-2 by isoflavonoids and related
compounds could be related to a more favorable equilibrium relationship between enthalpic and entropic
features. The results described herein expand the available knowledge regarding the physiopathological
and therapeutic mechanisms associated with drug addiction.
Assessing Collegiate Recovery Programs and the Challenges of Campus Binge Drinking
Authors: Downing Andrew , Hulsey Jessica 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Binge drinking is a dangerous practice. Among college students, continuously
high rates of binge drinking in campus result in deaths, accidents, poor academic performance,
risky behavior, the development of substance use disorder, and a number of other serious problems
and conditions. Collegiate Recovery Programs have shown promise as an intervention for curbing
binge drinking at colleges and universities.

Objective:
This paper reviews the literature on the prevalence and risks of campus binge drinking,
and the relative success of interventions designed to limit it. While certain initiatives have succeeded
more than others, the most appropriate strategy combines efforts on the environmental and individual
level to incorporate policies tailored to the unique needs of a given collegiate community, consistent
with findings on the best options for treatment and recovery in general.

Result:
Evidence suggests that Collegiate Recovery Programs are an effective strategy at some
schools because they provide holistic and targeted care for students in recovery. They serve a vulnerable
student population whose interests are often overlooked in the wider consideration of campus
binge drinking and issues of safety and bureaucratic incentives.

Conclusion:
Collegiate Recovery Programs ought to be considered as at least one helpful avenue for
schools considering ways to cut down elevated binge drinking rates. Tailored strategies incorporating
other effective approaches should consider these programs as part of their overall focus.
COVID-19: Underpinning Research for Detection, Therapeutics, and Vaccines Development
Authors: Aljabali Alaa A.A. , Bakshi Hamid A. , Satija Saurabh , Metha Meenu , Prasher Parteek , Ennab Raed M. , Chellappan Dinesh K. , Gupta Gaurav , Negi Poonam , Goyal Rohit , Sharma Ashish , Mishra Vijay , Dureja Harish , Dua Kamal , Tambuwala Murtaza M. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:The newly emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, first reported in December 2019, has infected about five and a half million people globally and resulted in nearly 9063264 deaths until the 24th of June 2020. Nevertheless, the highly contagious virus has instigated an unimaginably rapid response from scientific and medical communities.Methods:Pioneering research on molecular mechanisms underlying the viral transmission, molecular pathogenicity, and potential treatments will be highlighted in this review. The development of antiviral drugs specific to SARS-CoV-2 is a complicated and tedious process. To accelerate scientific discoveries and advancement, researchers are consolidating available data from associated coronaviruses into a single pipeline, which can be readily made available to vaccine developers.Results:In order to find studies evaluating the COVID-19 virus epidemiology, repurposed drugs and potential vaccines, web searches and bibliographical bases have been used with keywords that matches the content of this review.Lay Summary:An innovative analysis is evaluating the nature of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim is to increase knowledge of possible viral detection methods, which highlights several new technology limitations and advantages. We have assessed some drugs currently for patients (Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Anakinra and Interferon beta 1a), as the feasibility of COVID-19 specific antivirals is not presently known. The study explores the race toward vaccine development and highlights some significant trials and candidates in various clinical phases. This research addresses critical knowledge gaps by identifying repurposed drugs currently under clinical trials. Findings will be fed back rapidly to the researchers interested in COVID 19 and support the evidence and potential of possible therapeutics and small molecules with their mode of action.
Local Fuzzy Community Detection in Networks
Authors: Ouge Feng , Yi Shen , Huanliang Xu , Haiyan Jiang , Shougang Ren 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Community detection is significant for the understanding of the structure
and function of networks, and becomes an attractive topic for researchers. However, many existing
local methods only focus on disjoint communities and some recently proposed overlapping community
detection methods are global methods with high computational cost.

Objective:
To improve the accuracy and speed of community detection and obtain the fuzzy coefficients
of overlapping nodes with low computational cost, a local fuzzy agglomerative method is
proposed in this paper.

Method:
In the detection process, each local community is determined based on community
strength. The overlapping communities and fuzzy coefficients of nodes are obtained by coordinating
and normalizing the contribution of the overlapping nodes to their belonging communities.

Results:
Theoretical analysis and data simulations show that our local method can detect disjoint
and overlapping communities in linear time with the network size. The overlapping communities
and the fuzzy coefficients of overlapping nodes are obtained accurately.

Conclusion:
The accuracy of our method is higher than the existing local methods for detecting disjoint
communities. And it also detects the overlapping communities same as the global overlapping methods but
with remarkably low computational cost.
Artificial Intelligence-based Myelinated White Matter Segmentation for a
Pediatric Brain - A Challenging Task
Authors: Jemila S. Jacily , Therese A. Brintha 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Segmentation of a baby brain,in particular myelinated white matter is a very challenging and important task in medical image analysis, because of the ongoing process of myelination and structural differences present in magnetic resonance images of a baby. Most available algorithms for segmentation of a baby brain are atlas based segmentations, which may not accurate because baby brain Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) are very subjective.

Objective:
Artificial intelligence based methods for myelinated white matter segmentation.

Method:
Fuzzy C-means Clustering with Level Set Method (FCMLSM), Adaptively Regularized Kernel-based Fuzzy C-means clustering (ARKFCM), Multiplicative Intrinsic Component Optimization (MICO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).

Results:
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Edge Preservation Index (EPI), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and Peak Signal to noise Ratio (PSNR) Accuracy, Precision, Dice and Jaccard values are maintained good and Mean squared error (MSE) is less for FCMLSM.

Conclusion:
FCMLSM is a very suitable method for myelinated white matter segmentation when compared to ARKFCM, MICO and PSO.
Face Detection in Single and Multiple Images Using Different Skin Color Models
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Bhatti Jasdev , Kakkar Mohit Kumar , Upmanyu Arun 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Face Detection is used in many different steams like video conferencing,
human-computer interface, face detection, and in the database management of image. Therefore,
the aim of our paper is to apply Red Green Blue (RGB) and Hue Saturation Value (HSV) color
models in detecting the single, including multiple images of any face. Each color model
HSV, Ycbcr and TSL are individually performed with the RGB color model to detect from the
single and multiple images, the region of the face.

Methods:
The morphological operations are performed in the face region to a number of pixels as the proposed parameter
to check either an input image contains face region or not. Canny edge detection is also used to show the boundaries of a
candidate face region, in the end, the face can be shown detected by using bounding box around the face.

Results:
The reliability model has also been proposed for detecting the faces in single and multiple images. The results of
the experiments reflect that the algorithm been proposed performs very well in each model for detecting the faces in single
and multiple images and the reliability model provides the best fit by analyzing the precision and accuracy. Moreover

Discussion:
The calculated results show that HSV model works best for single faced images whereas YCbCr and TSL
models work best for multiple faced images. Also, the evaluated results by this paper provides the better testing strategies
that helps to develop new techniques which leads to an increase in research effectiveness.

Conclusion:
The calculated value of all parameters is helpful for proving that the proposed algorithm has been performed
very well in each model for detecting the face by using a bounding box around the face in single as well as multiple
images. The precision and accuracy of all three models are analyzed through the reliability model. The comparison
calculated in this paper reflects that HSV model works best for single faced images whereas YCbCr and TSL models
work best for multiple faced images.
Influence of Social Media Platforms on Public Health Protection Against the COVID-19 Pandemic via the Mediating Effects of Public Health Awareness and Behavioral Changes: Integrated Model
Authors: Al-Dmour Hani , Masa’deh Ra’ed , Salman Amer , Abuhashesh Mohammad , Al-Dmour Rand 
Published: August 2020

Background
Despite the growing body of literature examining social media in health contexts, including public health communication, promotion, and surveillance, limited insight has been provided into how the utility of social media may vary depending on the particular public health objectives governing an intervention. For example, the extent to which social media platforms contribute to enhancing public health awareness and prevention during epidemic disease transmission is currently unknown. Doubtlessly, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) represents a great challenge at the global level, aggressively affecting large cities and public gatherings and thereby having substantial impacts on many health care systems worldwide as a result of its rapid spread. Each country has its capacity and reacts according to its perception of threat, economy, health care policy, and the health care system structure. Furthermore, we noted a lack of research focusing on the role of social media campaigns in public health awareness and public protection against the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan as a developing country.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of social media platforms on public health protection against the COVID-19 pandemic via public health awareness and public health behavioral changes as mediating factors in Jordan.

Methods
A quantitative approach and several social media platforms were used to collect data via web questionnaires in Jordan, and a total of 2555 social media users were sampled. This study used structural equation modeling to analyze and verify the study variables.

Results
The main findings revealed that the use of social media platforms had a significant positive influence on public health protection against COVID-19 as a pandemic. Public health awareness and public health behavioral changes significantly acted as partial mediators in this relationship. Therefore, a better understanding of the effects of the use of social media interventions on public health protection against COVID-19 while taking public health awareness and behavioral changes into account as mediators should be helpful when developing any health promotion strategy plan.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the use of social media platforms can positively influence awareness of public health behavioral changes and public protection against COVID-19. Public health authorities may use social media platforms as an effective tool to increase public health awareness through dissemination of brief messages to targeted populations. However, more research is needed to validate how social media channels can be used to improve health knowledge and adoption of healthy behaviors in a cross-cultural context.
Influenza Screening via Deep Learning Using a Combination of Epidemiological and Patient-Generated Health Data: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Choo Hyunwoo , Kim Myeongchan , Choi Jiyun , Shin Jaewon , Shin Soo-Yong 
Published: August 2020

Background
Screening for influenza in primary care is challenging due to the low sensitivity of rapid antigen tests and the lack of proper screening tests.

Objective
The aim of this study was to develop a machine learning–based screening tool using patient-generated health data (PGHD) obtained from a mobile health (mHealth) app.

Methods
We trained a deep learning model based on a gated recurrent unit to screen influenza using PGHD, including each patient’s fever pattern and drug administration records. We used meteorological data and app-based surveillance of the weekly number of patients with influenza. We defined a single episode as the set of consecutive days, including the day the user was diagnosed with influenza or another disease. Any record a user entered 24 hours after his or her last record was considered to be the start of a new episode. Each episode contained data on the user’s age, gender, weight, and at least one body temperature record. The total number of episodes was 6657. Of these, there were 3326 episodes within which influenza was diagnosed. We divided these episodes into 80% training sets (2664/3330) and 20% test sets (666/3330). A 5-fold cross-validation was used on the training set.

Results
We achieved reliable performance with an accuracy of 82%, a sensitivity of 84%, and a specificity of 80% in the test set. After the effect of each input variable was evaluated, app-based surveillance was observed to be the most influential variable. The correlation between the duration of input data and performance was not statistically significant (P=.09).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that PGHD from an mHealth app could be a complementary tool for influenza screening. In addition, PGHD, along with traditional clinical data, could be used to improve health conditions.
LEAVES OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA IS AN ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER AGENT
Authors: THERASA S. ANNAI , SOBIYA G. , PARIMALA S. MABEL 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Andrographis paniculata (Family: Acanthaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant used in the Indian traditional system of medicine for the treatment of many chronic diseases. The present study was aimed to quantify secondary metabolites, determine antioxidant, and anticancer activity of ethanol extract of A. paniculata leaves.
Methods: Leaf sample was macerated with ethanol solvent. Alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenols, and flavonoids were quantified with standard calibrations. The antioxidant potential was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. In vitro anticancer activity was evaluated using human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cell line. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to estimate the cytotoxicity of the extracts. Apoptotic and necrotic effects were characterized by DNA fragmentation assay and fluorescence microscopy using the dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining method.
Results: The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids. Alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenol, and flavonoid content were recorded as follows: 9.84%, 8.42%, 13.94%, 44.37 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, and 904 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant activity from DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays showed dose-dependent inhibition of free radicals. In cell viability tests, cell death with increasing extract concentration was observed. DNA fragmentation and AO/EB stain confirmed apoptosis and necrosis in extract-treated cells.
Conclusion: The results indicate that A. paniculata is a promising source for the development of antioxidant and anticancer drugs.
TRADITIONAL METHOD OF MUNG BEANS (VIGNA RADIATA) PRESERVATION USING PANCHAGAVYA AND ITS EFFECT ON SEED GERMINATION
Authors: SWARNALATHA Y. , SEEMA SIDDHARTHAN 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Callosobruchus chinensis is a major pest that affects mung bean causing severe damage during storage. The objective of the present study is aimed to evaluate the effect of panchagavya in larvicidal activity on C. chinensis and its seed germination was observed.
Methods: The methods used in this study were followed by observing the people at a remote village in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. This study is about the traditional knowledge of the use of cow urine in panchagavya described in Ayurveda and its application in seed preservation.
Results: The ovicidal activity of panchagavya was remarkably good. The ability of ovicidal (instar) development into an adult beetle was found to be nothing. C. chinensis instar and adult beetle showed 100% mortality when treated with cow urine in small concentrations and good seed germination was observed.
Conclusion: Panchagavya is potentially effective and eco-friendly in controlling beetles in grains storage and its enhanced seed germination.
TRACE LEVEL DETERMINATION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE AND SODIUM SULFATE CONTENT IN SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE RAW MATERIAL USING COUNTER CATION-EXCHANGE HPLC WITH INDIRECT ULTRAVIOLET DETECTION
Authors: RAO KATAKAM LAKSHMI NARASIMHA , DONGALA THIRUPATHI 
Published: August 2020

Objective: A novel study on a new liquid chromatographic approach has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of trace level determination of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate measures its impurities using counter cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with indirect ultraviolet (UV) detection.
Methods: Chromatographic separation is developed and validated on a Hamilton PRP-X100 column with a mobile phase contained a mixture of the para-hydroxybenzoic acid buffer with a pH of 9.0 and methanol. Chromatography is developed at a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min with an indirect UV determination at 310 nm at a sensitivity level of 0.5%. The optimized method was validated as per the ICH Q2 guidelines.
Results: The retention times of chloride and sulfate were about 2.8 and 7.6 min, respectively. The resolution between chloride and sulfate peaks is >4. Regression analysis confers a correlation coefficient for the stated compounds that are found to be >0.999.
Conclusion: A novel analytical method was validated as per the ICH method validation guidelines and found to be selective. Hence, the validated analytical method was precise, specific, and accurate, and it is more economic and simple for the determination of inorganic impurities.