bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the measurements required to estimate rates of COVID-19 transmission, infection, and detection, using variational data assimilation
Authors: Armstrong Eve , Runge Manuela , Gerardin Jaline 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate the ability of statistical data assimilation to identify the measurements required for accurate state and parameter estimation in an epidemiological model for the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19. Our context is an effort to inform policy regarding social behavior, to mitigate strain on hospital capacity. The model unknowns are taken to be: the time-varying transmission rate, the fraction of exposed cases that require hospitalization, and the time-varying detection probabilities of new asymptomatic and symptomatic cases. In simulations, we obtain accurate estimates of undetected (that is, unmeasured) infectious populations, by measuring the detected cases together with the recovered and dead - and without assumed knowledge of the detection rates. These state estimates require a measurement of the recovered population, and are tolerant to low errors in that measurement. Further, excellent estimates of all quantities are obtained using a temporal baseline of 112 days, with the exception of the time-varying transmission rate at times prior to the implementation of social distancing. The estimation of this transmission rate is sensitive to contamination in the data, highlighting the need for accurate and uniform methods of reporting. Finally, we employ the procedure using real data from Italy reported by Johns Hopkins. The aim of this paper is not to assign extreme significance to the results of these specific experimentsper se. Rather, we intend to exemplify the power of SDA to determine what properties of measurements will yield estimates of unknown model parameters to a desired precision - all set within the complex context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Management and Outcomes of Critically-Ill Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia at a Safety-net Hospital in San Francisco, a Region with Early Public Health Interventions: A Case Series
Authors: Vanderburg Sky , Alipanah Narges , Crowder Rebecca , Yoon Christina , Wang Richard , Thakur Neeta , Slown Kristin , Shete Priya B. , Rofael Martin , Metcalfe John Z. , Merrifield Cindy , Marquez Carina , Malcolm Katherine , Lipnick Michael , Jain Vivek , Gomez Antonio , Burns Gregory , Brown Lillian B. , Berger Christopher , Auyeung Vincent , Cattamanchi Adithya , Hendrickson Carolyn M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundFollowing early implementation of public health measures, San Francisco has experienced a slow rise and a low peak level of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths.Methods and FindingsWe included all patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at the safety net hospital for San Francisco through April 8, 2020. Each patient had ≥15 days of follow-up. Among 26 patients, the median age was 54 years (interquartile range, 43 to 62), 65% were men, and 77% were Latinx. Mechanical ventilation was initiated for 11 (42%) patients within 24 hours of ICU admission and 20 patients (77%) overall. The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 13.5 days (interquartile range, 5 to 20). Patients were managed with lung protective ventilation (tidal volume ≤8 ml/kg of ideal body weight and plateau pressure ≤30 cmH2O on 98% and 78% of ventilator days, respectively). Prone positioning was used for 13 of 20 (65%) ventilated patients for a median of 5 days (interquartile range, 2 to 10). Seventeen (65%) patients were discharged home, 1 (4%) was discharged to nursing home, 3 (12%) were discharged from the ICU, and 2 (8%) remain intubated in the ICU at the time of this report. Three (12%) patients have died.ConclusionsGood outcomes were achieved in critically ill patients with COVID-19 by using standard therapies for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) such as lung protective ventilation and prone positioning. Ensuring hospitals can deliver sustained high-quality and evidence-based critical care to patients with ARDS should remain a priority.
Legionnaires’ disease on the rise in Switzerland: A denominator-based analysis of national diagnostic data, 2007-2016
Authors: Fischer Fabienne B. , Schmutz Claudia , Gaia Valeria , Mäusezahl Daniel 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTPurposeThe risk of Legionnaires’ disease (LD) is suggested to increase, but the global burden of disease is unknown due to lack of appropriate diagnosis and surveillance systems. In Switzerland, the number of LD cases, captured by the National Notification System for Infectious Diseases, has more than doubled since 2008. The aim of this study is to evaluate disease surveillance data using denominator data i.e. the number of tests performed for Legionella. spp.MethodsWe collected the testing data for Legionella spp. of 14 Swiss diagnostic laboratories and calculated the positivity rate, which is the rate of the number of positive tests to the number of tests performed.ResultsThe number of positive tests increased proportionally to the number of tests performed; hence the positivity remained stable. However, the cause of the increase in test volume is unclear and has a large impact on the interpretation of the positivity curve. Further, the test outcome was found to be dependent on regional determinants and the diagnostic method applied.ConclusionIn concert with the lack of understanding if and at which stage LD is considered in current case management of pneumonia patients, it is difficult to interpret heterogeneities in incidence or underestimation in Switzerland.
Evidence for two main domestication trajectories inSaccharomyces cerevisiaelinked to distinct bread-making processes
Authors: Bigey Frédéric , Segond Diego , Friedrich Anne , Guezenec Stephane , Bourgais Aurélie , Huyghe Lucie , Agier Nicolas , Nidelet Thibault , Sicard Delphine 
Published: May 2020

SummaryDespite bread being one of the most historically and culturally important fermented products, its history and influence on the evolution of associated microbial species remains largely unknown. The first evidence of leavened bread dates to the second millenium BCE in Egypt and since, the art of bread-making developed and spread worldwide. Nowadays, leavened bread is made either by using a pure commercial culture of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeor by propagating a sourdough, which is a mix of flour and water spontaneously fermented by yeast and bacteria. We studied the domestication ofS. cerevisiaepopulations originating from industry and sourdough and tested whether these different bread-making processes led to population divergence. We found that the origin ofS. cerevisiaebakery strains is polyphyletic with 67 % of strains clustering in two main clades: most commercial strains were tetraploid and clustered with strains having diverse origins, including beer. By contrast, most sourdough strains were diploids and found in a second clade of strains having mosaic genomes and diverse origins including fruits, or clinical and wild environments. When compared to the others, sourdough strains harboured in average a higher copy number of genes involved in maltose utilization, a common sugar produced from dough starch. Overall, a high level of gene flow from multiple contributors was detected. Phenotyping of bakery and non bakery strains further showed that sourdough and industrial bakery populations have undergone human selection for rapidly starting fermentations and for high CO2production. Interestingly, sourdough strains also showed a better adaptation to a sourdough mimicking environment, suggesting that natural selection occurred as well. In summary, our results revealed that the domestication of bakery yeast populations has been accompanied by dispersion, hybridization and divergent selection through industrial and artisanal bakery processes. In addition, they unveiled for the first time a case of fungus domestication where species divergence occurred through autotetraploidisation.
Investigation of thein vitroandin vivoactivity of the type IV pilus extension ATPase BfpD
Authors: Zhao Jinlei , Nisa Shahista , Donnenberg Michael S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractType IV pili (T4Ps) are multifunctional protein fibers found in many bacteria and archaea. All T4P systems have an extension ATPase, which provides the energy required to push structural subunits out of the membrane. We previously reported that the BfpD T4P ATPase from enteropathogenicE. coli(EPEC) has the expected hexameric structure and ATPase activity, the latter enhanced by the presence of the N-terminal cytoplasmic domains of its partner proteins BfpC and BfpE. In this study, we further investigated the kinetics of the BfpD ATPase. Despite high purity of the proteins, the reported enhanced ATPase activity was found to be from (an) ATPase(s) contaminating the N-BfpC preparation. Furthermore, although two mutations in highly conservedbfpDsites led to loss of functionin vivo, the purified mutant proteins retained some ATPase activity, albeit less than the wild-type protein. Therefore, the observed ATPase activity of BfpD was also affected by (a) contaminating ATPase(s). Expression of the mutantbfpDalleles did not interfere with BfpD function in bacteria that also expressed wild-type BfpD. However, a similar mutation ofbfpF, which encodes the retraction ATPase, blocked the function of wild-type BfpF when both were present. These results highlight similarities and differences in function and activity of T4P extension and retraction ATPases in EPEC.
Characterisation of the bacterial microbiota of a landfill-contaminated confined aquifer undergoing intrinsic remediation
Authors: Abiriga Daniel , Jenkins Andrew , Alfsnes Kristian , Vestgarden Live S. , Klempe Harald 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLiterature on microbiome of landfill leachate-contaminated aquifers is scarce despite groundwater contaminations from landfills being common globally. In this study, a combination of microbiological techniques was applied to groundwater samples from an aquifer contaminated by a municipal landfill and undergoing intrinsic bioremediation. Groundwater samples were obtained from three multilevel sampling wells placed along the groundwater flow path in the contaminated aquifer and additionally from a background well located in a nearby uncontaminated aquifer. The samples were subjected to chemical analysis, microbial culturing and characterisation, cell counting by fluorescence microscopy and 16S rRNA metabarcoding. Good concordance was realised with the results from the different microbiological techniques. Samples from the uncontaminated aquifer had both lower cell density and lower microbial diversity compared to samples from the contaminated aquifer. Among the wells located in the contaminated aquifer, microbial diversity increased between the well closest to the landfill and the intermediate well, but was lower at the most distant well. The majority of the cultured microbes represented taxa frequently recovered from contaminated environments, with 47% belonging to taxa with previously documented bioremediation potential. Multivariate redundancy analysis showed that microbial composition was most similar in wells located closer to the landfill, although beta diversity analysis indicated a significant difference in microbial composition across the wells. Taken together with the results of cell counting, culture and metabarcoding, these findings illustrate the effect of landfill leachate on the microbial community and indicate that microbes are capable of hydrocarbon, sulphur, nitrogen, iron and manganese metabolism.
Laminin N-terminus α31 is upregulated in invasive ductal breast cancer and changes the mode of tumour invasion
Authors: Troughton Lee D. , Zech Tobias , Hamill Kevin J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLaminin N-terminus α31 (LaNt α31) is an alternative splice isoform derived from the laminin α3 gene. The LaNt α31 protein is enriched around the terminal duct lobular units in normal breast tissue. In the skin and cornea the protein influences epithelial cell migration and tissue remodelling. However, LaNt α31 has never been investigated in a tumour environment. Here we analysed LaNt α31 in invasive ductal carcinoma and determined its contribution to breast carcinoma invasion. LaNt α31 expression and distribution were analysed by immunohistochemistry in human breast tissue biopsy sections and tissue microarrays covering 232 breast cancer samples. This analysis revealed LaNt α31 to be upregulated in 56 % of invasive ductal carcinoma specimens compared with matched normal tissue, and further increased in nodal metastasis compared with the tumour mass in 45 % of samples. 65.8 % of triple negative cases displayed medium to high LaNt α31 expression. To study LaNt α31 function, an adenoviral system was used to induce expression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Metabolic activity, 2D cell migration, and invasion into collagen hydrogels were not significantly different between LaNt α31 overexpressing cells and control treated cells. However, LaNt α31 overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells displayed a striking change in their mode of invasion into laminin-containing Matrigel; changing from multicellular streaming to individual cellular-invasion. In agreement with these results, 66.7% of the tumours with the highest LaNt α31 expression were non-cohesive. Together these findings indicate that breast cancer-associated changes in LaNt α31 expression could directly contribute to tumour invasiveness, and that this little-studied protein may become a therapeutic target.
Single-dose replicating RNA vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates
Authors: Erasmus Jesse H. , Khandhar Amit P. , Walls Alexandra C. , Hemann Emily A. , O’Connor Megan A. , Murapa Patience , Archer Jacob , Leventhal Shanna , Fuller Jim , Lewis Thomas , Draves Kevin E. , Randall Samantha , Guerriero Kathryn A. , Duthie Malcolm S. , Carter Darrick , Reed Steven G. , Hawman David W. , Feldmann Heinz , Gale Michael , Veesler David , Berglund Peter , Fuller Deborah Heydenburg 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, is having a dramatic and deleterious impact on health services and the global economy. Grim public health statistics highlight the need for vaccines that can rapidly confer protection after a single dose and be manufactured using components suitable for scale-up and efficient distribution. In response, we have rapidly developed repRNA-CoV2S, a stable and highly immunogenic vaccine candidate comprised of an RNA replicon formulated with a novel Lipid InOrganic Nanoparticle (LION) designed to enhance vaccine stability, delivery and immunogenicity. We show that intramuscular injection of LION/repRNA-CoV2S elicits robust anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG antibody isotypes indicative of a Type 1 T helper response as well as potent T cell responses in mice. Importantly, a single-dose administration in nonhuman primates elicited antibody responses that potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2. These data support further development of LION/repRNA-CoV2S as a vaccine candidate for prophylactic protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Identification of efficient geometries for variable pitot inlets for supersonic transport
Authors: Kazula Stefan , Wöllner Mark , Höschler Klaus 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to reveal the influence of selected geometric parameters on the aerodynamic performance of circular variable aero engine inlets in transonic and supersonic civil aviation.

Design/methodology/approach
The trade-off in inlet design and aerodynamic evaluation parameters is presented. The approach to investigate the dependencies between the aerodynamic and geometric parameters at different flight conditions by means of a parametric design study is introduced.

Findings
The dependencies of inlet drag and efficiency from geometric parameters at flight speeds of Mach 0.95 up to Mach 1.6 are identified. Although entailing additional weight, the inlet length represents the parameter with the highest potential for drag reduction by up to 50% in the selected design space. Ideal geometries for variable pitot inlets are determined. After considering weight, their potential range benefit nearly disappears for subsonic applications, but remains above 20% for supersonic flight at Mach 1.6.

Originality/value
Hence, the technology of circular variable pitot inlets for supersonic transport aircraft could be a way to achieve the ambitious ecological, safety and economic goals for future civil aviation.
Inclusion starts with “I”? The missing ingredient in leading change: the case of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)
Authors: Workman-Stark Angela 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This paper examines how organizations can overcome cultural barriers and support leaders in creating more inclusive workplaces.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing from personal experience as a senior leader within the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), the author provides a brief overview of the organization’s approach to creating a more diverse and inclusive workplace, including her role in overseeing the change effort. The author then describes how certain aspects of the RCMP culture manifested in bias against others, and contributed to leaders’ efforts to cover up important parts of their identity to fit in. Finally, the author presents self-acceptance and personal vulnerability as building blocks for a more inclusive style of leadership.

Findings
The findings of this paper suggest that diversity and inclusion efforts that fail to address harmful aspects of organizational culture are unlikely to be successful. The findings also suggest that this barrier may be overcome through a greater understanding of the cultural norms that are most valued, of practicing inclusion at three different levels, starting with the individual, and of supporting leaders to begin the practice of inclusion, staring from the inside out.

Originality/value
This paper makes an important contribution to the field of organization development by providing a brief snapshot of one leader’s experience in attempting to create a more diverse and inclusive workplace, and makes recommendations for how the challenges presented might be overcome.
Coordination between hospitals and insurers in developing economies: an interpretive structural modeling approach
Authors: Dev Manimay , Kumar Dinesh , Patel Dharmendra 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that influence hospitals’ selection by health-care insurers in India and to establish a hierarchical model representing the relationship among different factors and their influence on the entire scenario.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey with a set of questionnaires was conducted with different health-care insurer executives of reputed health insurance companies. The data has been gathered by using a five-point Likert scale. Their opinions were converted into a reachability matrix and an interpretive structural modeling was constructed. The final results obtained were verified by using fuzzy Matriced Impacts Croises-Multiplication Applique and Classement analysis.

Findings
The results suggested three key driving factors, National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers accreditation of the hospital, purchasing power of people in the region and national and international recognition of the hospital among the eleven factors selected for the study.

Research limitations/implications
The research mainly focuses on the health insurance benefits provided by privately owned insurance companies and do not comment on any government’s mass health insurance scheme.

Practical implications
With a small proportion of people under the umbrella of health insurance in India, these factors will assist and expedite insurer’s effort to penetrate deep into rural and urban areas enhancing availability and escalating affordability.

Originality/value
This paper presents key factors responsible for better coordination between health-care systems and insurance companies.
Intergenerational differences in fans' motivation to watch the T20 world cup: a generation cohort theory perspective
Authors: Gilal Faheem Gul , Gilal Naeem Gul , Tariq Beenish , Gilal Rehman Gul , Gilal Rukhsana Gul , Gong Zhenxing , Channa Nisar Ahmed 
Published: May 2020

PurposeUsing two theoretical lenses – social identity theory and generation cohort theory – the present study analyzes the influence of sport motivations (i.e., patriotism, drama and excitement of the game, nostalgic associations, interest in star players and social influence) on the intentions to watch the International Cricket Council (ICC) Twenty-20 (T20) World Cup of three different generation cohorts (i.e., Generations X, Y and Z).Design/methodology/approachData were collected from N = 499 cricket lovers from Pakistan based on a non-probability sampling technique. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group modeling techniques were used as methods.FindingsSEM results show that cricket fans' intentions to watch the T20 World Cup are positively influenced by patriotism, drama and excitement of the game, and social influence. The results of multi-group modeling reveal significant differences between Generation X-ers, Y-ers and Z-ers regarding the effect of sport motivations on their intentions to watch the ICC T20 World Cup. Specifically, our findings show that for X-ers, interest in star players and nostalgic associations are the main motivations behind watching the T20 World Cup, whereas drama and excitement appeared to be an important predictor for Y-ers, and patriotism and social influence are more likely to increase Z-ers' intentions to watch the T20 World Cup.Originality/valueThis study is the first of its kind to report the motivations of Generations X, Y and Z to watch the T20 World Cup.
Interpreting sports events from a resource-based view perspective
Authors: Pianese Tommasina 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis study aims at understanding how professional sports events compete with each other to attract spectators, sponsors and media coverage, by referring to the resource-based view (RBV) theory, which interprets firms as a bundle of idiosyncratic resources and capabilities. Specifically, the authors aim to identify the value-creating resources that support event success in the long run.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a literature review on RBV and sports events, which provided the analytic categories used for on a cross-case analysis of popular cycling events held in Italy.FindingsEach event has different value-creating resources, depending on its governance model. Specifically, organisational knowledge accumulated over time by a stable event promoter/organiser enables an understanding of stakeholders’ needs and leads to a competitive advantage. As for events with temporary organising committees, event reputation is decisive to their long-term success. Here, event promoters play a key role in managing reputation over time, i.e., properly selecting host countries, balancing their cultural differences and supporting their capacity to produce long-term benefits.Originality/valueSports events may be leveraged within place-branding strategies to increase the attractiveness and level of socio-economic development of a destination. It is thus important to understand the competitive dynamics among sports events. The existing studies have focused on event organisers while underestimating the contribution of sports organisations and/or private companies that promote sport events. This study adopts a broad perspective that takes account of both promoters and organisers in order to verify whether and how the governance model affects the resources relevant to the event’s success.