bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Health Insurance on Health Care Utilization in the Justice-Involved Population: United States, 2014–2016
Authors: Farrell Caitlin M. , Gottlieb Aaron 
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To examine the impact of health insurance coverage on utilization of outpatient, hospital, and emergency department care among justice-involved individuals in the United States. Methods. We performed repeated cross-sectional analyses with data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health. The study population included 6086 adults with justice involvement within the past year. We used logistic regression to examine the odds of health care utilization based on either a dichotomous or categorical measure of health insurance coverage. We used negative binomial regression to examine the number of times a specific type of care was utilized with both a dichotomous measure of health insurance coverage and a categorical measure of type of health insurance. Results. Health insurance was associated with increased utilization of outpatient, inpatient, and emergency department care. Conclusions. Health insurance coverage was associated with increased utilization of outpatient, inpatient, and emergency department health care among justice-involved individuals. Therefore, expanding access to health insurance in this population has the potential to increase care utilization of all types and decrease barriers to medical services.
Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients 20 Years Old and Younger
Authors: Pallante Graham D. , Statz Joseph M. , Milbrandt Todd A. , Trousdale Robert T. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Historically, total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed in patients ≤20 years old has been associated with poor survivorship because of bearing-surface wear with conventional polyethylene, acetabular loosening with cemented sockets, and liner fracture in ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) THA. For this population, there is a paucity of data regarding outcomes of THAs performed with use of modern implants and bearing surfaces. The purpose of the present study was to examine the mid- to long-term outcomes of modern THA in patients ≤20 years old.

Methods:
Utilizing a single-institution, prospectively collected total joint registry, we retrospectively identified 91 primary THAs performed in 78 patients ≤20 years old from 1998 to 2016. The average patient age was 17 years (range, 11 to 20 years), and the average body mass index was 26 kg/m2 (range, 16 to 49 kg/m2). Forty-eight THAs (53%) were performed in male patients, and 47 (52%) were performed on the right hip. Bearing surfaces included CoC (53 THAs, 58%), metal-on-highly cross-linked polyethylene (MoP; 28 THAs, 31%), and ceramic-on-highly cross-linked polyethylene (CoP; 10 THAs, 11%). Outcome measures included reoperations, revisions, complications, clinical outcome scores, and bearing-surface wear.

Results:
At an average follow-up of 8 years (range, 2 to 18 years), the average modified Harris hip score was 92 (range, 54 to 100), and 95% of patients reported feeling “much better” following the surgical procedure. Survivorship at 2, 5, and 10 years postoperatively was 96.7%, 96.7%, and 95.0% for reoperation; 98.9%, 98.9%, and 97.2% for revision; and 91.2%, 91.2%, and 89.5% for complications, respectively. The most common complications were instability (3 THAs, 3%), aseptic acetabular loosening (2 THAs, 2%), and postoperative foot drop (2 THAs, 2%). Linear articular wear averaged 0.019 mm/yr. There were no correlations between age, sex, body mass index, bearing surface, femoral head size, use of cement, or operative time and survivorship from complications, reoperations, or revisions. There were no differences in linear wear among CoC, CoP, and MoP bearing surfaces.

Conclusions:
In patients ≤20 years old, THAs performed with use of modern implants exhibit excellent clinical outcome scores and survivorship at mid- to long-term follow-up. CoC, CoP, and MoP bearing surfaces have similar survivorship, clinical outcomes, and bearing-surface wear in this population.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Defining the Volume-Outcome Relationship in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Farley Kevin X. , Schwartz Andrew M. , Boden Susanne H. , Daly Charles A. , Gottschalk Michael B. , Wagner Eric R. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
As the utilization of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) grows, it is increasingly important to examine the relationship between hospital volume and RSA outcomes. We hypothesized that hospitals that perform a higher volume of RSAs would have improved outcomes. We also performed stratum-specific likelihood ratio (SSLR) analysis with the aim of delineating concrete definitions of hospital volume for RSA.

Methods:
The Nationwide Readmissions Database was queried for patients who had undergone elective RSA from 2011 to 2015. Annual hospital volume and 90-day outcome data were collected, including readmission, revision, complications, hospital length of stay (LOS), supramedian cost, and discharge disposition. SSLR analysis was performed to determine hospital volume cutoffs associated with increased risks for adverse events. Cutoffs generated through SSLR analysis were confirmed via binomial logistic regression.

Results:
The proportion of patients receiving care at high-volume centers increased from 2011 to 2015. SSLR analysis produced hospital volume cutoffs for each outcome, with higher-volume centers showing improved outcomes. The volume cutoffs associated with the best rates of 90-day outcomes ranged from 54 to 70 RSAs/year, whereas cost and resource utilization cutoffs were higher, with the best outcomes in hospitals performing >100 RSAs/year. SSLR analysis of 90-day readmission produced 3 hospital volume categories (1 to 16, 17 to 69, and ≥70 RSAs/year), each significantly different from each other. These were similar to the strata for 90-day revision (1 to 16, 17 to 53, and ≥54 RSAs/year) and 90-day complications (1 to 9, 10 to 68, and ≥69 RSAs/year). SSLR analysis produced 6 hospital volume categories for cost of care over the median value (1 to 5, 6 to 25, 26 to 47, 48 to 71, 72 to 105, and ≥106 RSAs/year), 5 categories for an extended LOS (1 to 10, 11 to 25, 26 to 59, 60 to 105, and ≥106 RSAs/year), and 4 categories for non-home discharge (1 to 31, 32 to 71, 72 to 105, and ≥106 RSAs/year).

Conclusions:
We have defined hospital surgical volumes that maximize outcomes after RSA, likely related to surgical experience, ancillary staff familiarity, and protocolized pathways. This information may be used in future policy decisions to consolidate complex procedures, such as RSA, at high-volume destinations, or to encourage lower-volume institutions to strategize an approach to function as a higher-volume center.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Genetic markers-based genome assembly and the reference genome of the selfing fish Kryptolebias hermaphroditus: Identification of 63 cytochrome P450 genes and the interspecific syntenic comparison
Authors: Choi Beom-Soon , Han Jeonghoon , Kim Min-Sub , Sakakura Yoshitaka , Lee Bo-Young , Lee Jae-Seong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Palliative care quiz for nurses-Indonesian version (PCQN-I): A cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability study
Authors: Herta Nuzul Sri , Wicaksana Anggi Lukman , Effendy Christantie , Kao Chi-Yin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn the journal submission associated with this preprint and requested that the preprint also be withdrawn.
Global dissection of the BAHD acyltransferase gene family in soybean: Expression profiling, metabolic functions, and evolution
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Zulfiqar , Zeng Xiangsheng , Dong Qiang , Manan Sehrish , Jin Huanan , Li Penghui , Wang Xiaobo , Benedito Vagner A. , Zhao Jian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Members of the BAHD acyltransferase (ACT) family play important roles in plant defence against biotic and abiotic stresses. Previous genome-wide studies explored different acyltransferase gene families, but not a single study was found so far on the overall genome-wide or positive selection analyses of the BAHD family genes in Glycine max . A better understanding of the functions that specific members of this family play in stress defence can lead to better breeding strategies for stress tolerance. Results: A total of 103 genes of the BAHD family (GmACT genes) were mined from the soybean genome, which could be grouped into four phylogenetic clades (I- IV). Clade III was further divided into two sub-clades (IIIA and IIIB). In each clade, the constituent part of the gene structures and motifs were relatively conserved. These 103 genes were distributed unequally on all 20 chromosomes, and 16 paralogous pairs were found within the family. Positive selection analysis revealed important amino acids under strong positive selection, which suggests that the evolution of this gene family modulated soybean domestication. Most of the expression of ACT genes in soybean was repressed with Al 3+ and fungal elicitor exposure, except for GmACT84 , which expression increased in these conditions 2- and 3-fold, respectively. The promoter region of GmACT84 contains the maximum number of stress-responsive elements among all GmACT genes and is especially enriched in MYB-related elements. Some GmACT genes showed expression specific under specific conditions, while others showed constitutive expression in all soybean tissues or conditions analysed. Conclusions: This study provided a genome-wide analysis of the BAHD gene family and assessed their expression profiles. We found evidence of a strong positive selection of GmACT genes. Our findings will help efforts of functional characterisation of ACT genes in soybean in order to discover their involvement in growth, development, and defence mechanisms.
Using Polio GIS drawn maps to increase immunization coverage during mass immunization campaigns in northern Nigeria
Authors: Mahmud Mahmud Zubairu , Seamans Vince , Mustapha Mahmud 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background. Before now, reaching all settlements by vaccinators during mass polio campaigns was a big challenge in northern Nigeria consequent of poor micro plans. This made the attainment of very high immunization coverage which is necessary to interrupt transmission of polio virus in the region difficult. The objective of this study was to devise a means to reach all settlements (BUAs, SSAs, Has) visible on satellite imagery and significantly increase the overall coverage during mass polio immunization campaigns.Methods. We provide the procedure by which geographic information system GIS drawn maps can be harnessed to improve immunization coverage. We also show the extent to which the maps increase immunization coverage when used to draw vaccination team micro plans in northern Nigeria. The method simply involves the provision of training on map comprehension to relevant health workers (IPDs personnel) followed by the demarcation of the ward polio GIS drawn maps into clusters of settlement areas – commensurate with the total number of vaccination teams allocated to the ward. The maps were then employed to guide IPDs personnel in providing polio immunization services to all households in the ward during the January 2019 mass polio immunization campaign. The study area was a distinct and homogeneous geographical area called Horserizum ward in Hong local government area of Adamawa state, Nigeria and all resident households or members of the communities (totaling 19,698 persons by the recent local census) in ward was the study population.Results. At the conclusion of the January campaign, the number of settlements in the Ward unreached by health workers (as shown by the GIS dashboard, www.vts.eocng.org) was compared to previous polio immunization campaigns when no GIS maps were used to guide vaccination activities. Results revealed an immunization coverage of 82% (for January 2019 campaign) versus 43% during the previous campaign held in December 2018.Conclusions. The results were statistically significant (P< 0.0000001, t = 5.175.) and we conclude that, using GIS maps to guide vaccination activities (GIS micro planning) has a very significant positive impact on immunization coverage.
Suppression of Gremlin by RNA interference attenuates glucose-induced fibrogenesis in rat mesangial cells
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Zhang Li , Wang Xinzhe , Song Yuwen , Lou Kai , Chen Haiyan , He Yong , Han WenXia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage of renal disease. It is beneficial for us to find effective way to treat the disease. Gremlin is deemed as a key factor in the development of diabetic nephropathy at present. We hypothesized that the pathological changes might be prevented by eliminating Gremlin function in high glucose-induced renal fibrosis. Methods: lentiviral vector targeting Gremlin was applied to inhibit Gremlin expression at a high glucose concentration which simulated diabetic nephropathy in rat mesangial cells. Results: the shRNA vector, designated shGremlin, significantly inhibited Gremlin expression in rat mesangial cells cultured under high glucose conditions. Increase in BMP-7 as well as its downstream genes or proteins including phospholated Smad 1/5/8, type IV collagen and fibronectin was observed. Conclusions: our work provides a valuable method to prevent glomerular/renal fibrosis with RNA interference, and also enable development of new therapies that target Gremlin.
Hearing status gradients in the risk of hospitalization among Chinese middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Ye Xin , Zhu Dawei , He Ping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Hearing is one of the basic means of perception and communication, which is closely related with quality of life. However, hearing impairment is often unrecognized and undertreated, and impaired hearing may lead to greater burden of diseases as well as risk of hospitalization. To gain further insight into the association between hearing and hospitalization, we examined the shape and magnitude of hearing status gradients in the risk of hospitalization among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Methods: We obtained data from a retrospective survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted in 2011, 2013 and 2015, including 11,721 participants aged 45 years old and above with no hospitalization in 2011 baseline. Hospitalization variables included time to incident (first) hospitalization, annual number of hospitalizations and duration of last-time hospitalization. Cox proportional hazards models, negative binomial models and lognormal regression were fitted to examine the relationship between self-rated hearing status gradients and risk of hospitalization. Results: Of the total 11,721 participants, 54.46% reported having fair or poor hearing and 20.94% experienced at least one hospitalization during the study period. Older adults were exposed to higher risk of hospitalization than the middle-aged adults. For older adults, compared with excellent or very good hearing people, those with good, fair and poor hearing experienced a shorter time to incident (first) hospitalization, a greater annual number of hospitalizations and a longer last-time duration of hospitalization with the deterioration of hearing. However, there was no significant association for the middle-aged adults. Conclusions: We found a gradient decrease in time to first hospitalization, an increase in annual number of hospitalizations and duration of last-time hospitalization with the deterioration of hearing status in older adults. Actions should be taken to prevent and treat their hearing impairment, so as to decrease risk of hospitalization and improve their life quality.
Amoxicillin exposure significantly increases the population and virulence of antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pathogen in the simulated human intestinal microbiota
Authors: Liu Lei , Chen Zeyou , Wang Qing , Shi Jingliang , Bi Wenjing , Wang Siyi , Gao Yanyu , Lin Huai , Qi Hongmei , Zhu Siyuan , Yang Jing , Xue Yingang , Mao Daqing , Luo Yi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The extensive use and misuse of antibiotics have caused the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens, which is threatening to this idyllic world. The human intestinal microbiota is significant to health, while its composition and stability are easily perturbed by antibiotic exposure. However, the association between antibiotic exposure and the abnormal bloom of opportunistic pathogens in human gut, and its health implications are not fully understood. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of amoxicillin (AMX), one of the most prescribed antibiotics in human life, on human intestinal microbiota using the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME). Results: Our results suggest that AMX exposure could cause the substantial effect on human intestinal microbiota in different colon regions, with most significant alteration in ascending colon. Intriguingly, AMX significantly increased the abundance of antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pathogen in gut microbiota, resulting in the enrichment of human disease-related pathways. By isolation of Klebsiella strains from SHIME before and after exposure to AMX, we also observed that the virulence phenotypes of these pathogens including biofilm formation, serum resistance, and Galleria mellonella infection were significantly increased after AMX administration. The genotype analysis from whole genome sequencing indicated that the enhanced virulence phenotypes were plausibly caused by the mutations of virulence factors relevant to fimbriae, lipopolysaccharide, capsule, and siderophores. More importantly, the effects from AMX administration could not be fully recovered after two-week drug discontinuance, showing the potential long-term adverse influence of this antibiotic. Conclusions: This study for the first time demonstrates that AMX used for the treatment of bacterial infections may cause adverse effects on human health via significantly increasing population and virulence of intestinal Klebsiella opportunistic pathogen. Given that inherent resistance to β-lactam already poses a significant therapeutic challenge for Klebsiella infections, the AMX-induced virulence increasing phenomenon found in this study undoubtedly further increases its health risk.
Heat stress induced gut microbiota changes activate TLR4 / NF-κB signaling pathway contributing to inflammatory bowel disease in pigs
Authors: Hu Canying , Yadnyavalkya Patil , Gong Dongliang , Yu Tianyue , Li Junyu , Wu Lianyun , Liu Xiaoxi , Yu Zhichao , Ma Xinbing , Chen Jinjun , Gooneratne Ravi , Yong Yanhong , Ju Xianghong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Various stressors alter the 'brain-gut axis' and contribute to many gastrointestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, the pathological mechanisms of these perturbations are poorly understood. Here, we report on the induction of intestinal inflammation in heat-stressed pigs and apply fecal microbiota transplantation from pigs to mice to elucidate the role of intestinal microbiota in TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation. Results Twelve healthy adult pigs were subjected to heat stress (34 ± 1 °C and 75–85% relative humidity) and compared with 12 control pigs exposed to 25 ± 3 °C and the same humidity level. The pigs were sacrificed on days 1, 7, 14, and 21. Their colonic contents were collected for microbiome analyses and their colonic epithelia underwent transcriptome analyses. Pseudo-germ-free mice were gavaged with fecal bacteria from heat-stressed and control pigs on the collection days to determine whether gut microbiomes and immune responses resembling those in the pigs could be induced in the mice. Heat-stressed pigs presented with fever and diarrhea from day 7 and their colonic villus length, crypt depth/width, and goblet cell number were significantly lower than those of the controls. Their TLR4, TRAF6, and nuclear p65 were upregulated at the RNA and protein levels. Their proinflammatory IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17 were also upregulated. Colonic microflora composition in the heat-stressed pigs markedly differed from that of the controls. By day 14, the former presented with substantial increases in opportunistic pathogens such as Campylobacterales , Veillonellaceae , and Megasphaera . Intestinal lipopolysaccharide concentrations were higher in the heat-stressed than the control pigs. Mice administered fecal transplantation from heat-stressed pigs had a distinctly different colonic microflora composition from those receiving control pig fecal transplantation. Bacteroides were significantly diminished and Akkermansia were significantly augmented in mice administered feces from heat-stressed pigs for 14 d. In the colonic tissues of mice given feces from heat-stressed pigs, the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway was activated and there was a mild inflammatory response. Conclusion Heat stress promotes changes in gut microflora composition which, in turn, activates the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and causes inflammatory bowel disease in pigs.
MAUI-seq: Metabarcoding using amplicons with unique molecular identifiers to improve error correction
Authors: Fields Bryden , Moeskjær Sara , Friman Ville-Petri , Andersen Stig U. , Young J. Peter W. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Sequencing and PCR errors are a major challenge when characterising genetic diversity using high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTAS). Results We have developed a multiplexed HTAS method, MAUI-seq, which uses unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) to improve error correction by exploiting variation among sequences associated with a single UMI. We show that two main advantages of this approach are efficient elimination of chimeric and other erroneous reads, outperforming DADA2 and UNOISE3, and the ability to confidently recognise genuine alleles that are present at low abundance or resemble chimeras. Conclusions The method provides sensitive and flexible profiling of diversity and is readily adaptable to most HTAS applications, including microbial 16S rRNA profiling and metabarcoding of environmental DNA.