bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Tolerance of Trichogramma Pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to the Mixture of the Herbicides Nicosulfuron Plus Atrazine
Authors: Leite Germano Leão Demolin , Cordeiro João Marcos Batista , Santos Leonardo David Tuffi , Tavares Wagner de Souza , Pereira Alexandre Igor de Azevedo , Soares Marcus Alvarenga , Alves Pedro Guilherme Lemes , Serrão José Eduardo , Zanuncio José Cola 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Maize, Zea mays (Poaceae), is one of the most important crops in the world, but defoliating caterpillars (Lepidoptera) and weeds can reduce the productivity of this plant. The control of weeds in the maize crop in Brazil is mainly accomplished with nicosulfuron- and atrazine-based herbicides, and of lepidopteran pest eggs with use of several species of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera) parasitoids released. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rates of parasitism and emergence of females and the sex ratio (%) of 10 Trichogrammatidae species, in a free-choice test, submitted to a mixture of the herbicides Sanson 40 SC® (a.i. nicosulfuron; dose: 30 g.ha–1) + Gesaprim 500 Ciba-Geigy® (a.i. atrazine; dose: 1500 g.ha–1) in the laboratory.Results: The parasitism rate (%) of Trichogramma acacioi Brun, Moraes & Soares, Trichogrammatoidea annulata de Santis, Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner, Trichogramma bennetti Nagaraja & Nagarkatti, Trichogramma brunni Nagaraja, Trichogramma brasiliensis Ashmead, Trichogramma demoraesi Nagaraja, Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, and Trichogramma soaresi Nagaraja was lower with the herbicide mixture of nicosulfuron + atrazine than the control and, therefore, this mixture was considered to be slightly harmful (i.e., class II of the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control) to these parasitoids. This solution reduced the emergence rate (%) of female T. acacioi, T. annulata, T. atopovirilia, T. bruni, T. brasiliensis, T. demoraesi, T. galloi, and T. soaresi, being classified as harmless to T. soaresi, moderately harmful to T. galloi and slightly harmful to the other species. The herbicide mixture of nicosulfuron + atrazine reduced the sex ratio of T. acacioi, T. atopovirilia, T. bruni, T. demoraesi, T. galloi, and T. soaresi, being classified as harmless to T. annulata and T. brasiliensis, and slightly harmful to the other species.Conclusions: The biological parameters (i.e., rates of parasitism and emergence and the sex ratio) of T. pretiosum, followed by T. bennetti, T. annulata and T. brasiliensis were the least affected by the herbicide mixture. These species should be chosen for release, on pieces of paperboard with parasitized E. kuehniella eggs, in crops together with the application of nicosulfuron + atrazine.
In-silico analysis of potential interaction of drugs and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Authors: BANK SARBASHRI , Basak Nipa , Girish GV , De Subrata Kumar , Maiti Smarajit 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The world is suffering its deadly pandemic in decades from Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Till the end of April, 2020, the death toll rose to more than 2 lacs worldwide (224 301, on May 1st), affecting 215 countries (source: WHO). Since the invention of a new drug or vaccine takes time, drug repurposing is one of the avenues. Keeping that in mind, we have tried to shed light on some of the drugs, using molecular docking/modeling studies, which could be of immense importance in the current scenario. Using bioinformatic approaches, we have tried to work on the viral spike (S) protein, majorly involved in pathogenicity through its receptor binding event and fusion to the host cells. More emphasis was given on the spike proteins (6vsb) and (6lxt). We predicted the drugs that target to the S proteins by in-silico docking analysis. We determined the functional part of the spike of SARS-CoV-2 and the drugs were predicted by analysis of the functional part using the PDBsum/DrugPort. Molecular Docking unveiled the binding of those drugs to the target spike. This in-silico study actually envisions the efficacy of the predicted drugs against the spikes of SARS-CoV-2 and the binding of the drugs might propose the combinatorial effect of the drugs to neutralize the spike effect in the human body.
Spatial Distribution and Determinants of Household Iodized Salt Utilization in Ethiopia: A Spatial and Multilevel Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Yeshaw Yigizie , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Liyew Alemneh Mekuriaw , Tesema Ayenew Kassie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Iodine deficiency disorder is a significant public health problem, affecting both developed and developing nations worldwide. It is associated with poor body growth and irreversible mental retardation. However, little is known about the spatial distribution and determinants of household iodized salt utilization in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the spatial distribution and determinants of iodized salt utilization at national level. Methods : Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data was used to investigate the spatial distribution and determinants of household iodized salt utilization in Ethiopia. ArcGIS 10.6 and SaTScan™ version 9.6 software were used to explore the spatial distribution and detect significant clusters, respectively. We used STATA version 14 software to analyze the determinants of household iodized salt utilization. The odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined for potential determinants included in the multivariable multilevel logistic regression model and the corresponding p-value ≤ 0.05 was employed to declare the statistically significant variables. Results : Household iodized salt utilization was spatially clustered in Ethiopia (Moran’s Index = 0.076, p-value= 0.01). The significant hotspot areas with high iodized salt utilization were located in Benishangul, Amhara, Gambella, Tigray and Northwest Oromia regions. Those households with higher education level ((Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] =1.49, 95% CI =1.14-1.93), high community level education (AOR=1.51, 95% CI=1.03-2.20), middle wealth index (AOR=1.31, 95% CI=1.04-1.65) and high community media exposure (AOR=1.52, 95% CI=1.07-2.17) had higher odds of iodized salt utilization. Conclusions : Household iodized salt utilization had significant spatial variation across the country . The significant hotspot areas with high iodized salt utilization were located in Benishangul, Amhara, Gambella, Tigray and Northwest Oromia regions. Households with higher education level, high community level education and high community media exposure and middle wealth index had higher odds of iodized salt utilization. Increasing education level, wealth status and community media exposure is recommended to increase iodized salt utilization. A targeted intervention is also needed for those regions with low household iodized salt utilization.
Assessment of Burnout in Medical Students Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey: A Cross-Sectional Data Analysis
Authors: Obregon Michael , Luo Jessica , Shelton Jarod , Blevins Terri , MacDowell Martin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Medical student burnout can cause emotional and physical exhaustion and detachment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS). Factors that may predict burnout and wellness initiatives that may reduce burnout were assessed. Methods: The MBI-SS was administered to all medical students (Classes 2019 to 2022) at the University of Illinois College of Medicine (UICOM) from February to May 2019. Factor analysis and internal consistency of the MBI-SS were assessed. Mean MSBI-SS subscale scores for burnout were calculated for cynicism (CY), emotional exhaustion (EE), and academic efficacy (AE). Multiple regression analysis was used to identify student factors that may predict burnout. Results: A total of 273 (21.6%) UICOM students completed the survey and 110 (40.3%) respondents reported self-perceived burnout. MBI-SS subscale scores were significantly higher for CY and EE, and significantly lower for AE between students who did or did not report burnout. Mean ± SD subscale scores for CY, EE, and AE in burnout students were 14.44 ± 5.59, 23.23 ± 4.74, and 24.81 ± 5.35, separately. In comparison, mean ± SD subscale scores for CY, EE, and AE in non-burnout students were 7.59 ± 5.16, 14.96 ± 5.71, and 28.74 ± 3.21, separately. Regression analysis denoted significant associations between burnout and being out-of-phase in the curriculum, the effectiveness of wellness initiatives, and strength of motivation for medical school (SMMS) in both the two- and three-dimensional MBI-SS models. Gender was significantly associated with burnout in only the two-dimensional model. Conclusions: Self-reported burnout in medical students at UICOM was validated using the MBI-SS. Being out-of-phase in the curriculum, being female, rating wellness initiatives as less effective, and demonstrating lower motivation for continued medical school education may be used as predictors of medical student burnout. This investigation may act as a guide for measuring burnout in medical student populations and how the implementation of wellness initiatives may ameliorate burnout.
Vasculitis-Associated Auto-antibodies and Complement Levels in patients with COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Mobini Maryam , Ghasemian Roya , Larijani Laleh Vahedi , Mataji Maeede , Maleki Iradj 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction / objectives: The cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are evidences of involvement of immune system in pathogenesis of this disease. We investigated the presence of various vasculitis-associated auto-antibodies and complement levels in a series of patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to our hospital.Methods: Forty patients with severe or critical type of COVID 19 were evaluated for symptoms, signs and laboratory tests of vasculitis syndromes including rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti dsDNA, c and p anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (c ANCA and p ANCA) and complement levels. Descriptive statistics methods were used to describe the clinical / laboratory findings.Results: Forty patients with severe to critical illness were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 48.5 ± 9.8 years. All patients had pulmonary involvement in lung CT scan. Lymphopenia in 19 (47.5%), raised creatinine in 8(20%) and hyperbilirubinemia in 19(47.5%) of patients were seen. Vasculitis laboratory test results included: RF in 2 patients, ANA in 3 patients and ANCA in one patient. 17(42.5%) of patients had hypocomplementemia in one or more complement tests. Of the four patients who were expired, three had a decrease in complement.Conclusion: In 17 of patients (42.5%) we detected low complement levels. A decrease in complement levels may predict a critical state of the disease. Therefore, measuring its levels may be helpful in making earlier decisions to initiate disease-suppressing treatments, including corticosteroids and IVIG.
Etiology, Antibiotic Susceptibility and Prognostic Factors of Pediatric Community-Acquired Sepsis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Negash Abel Abera , Asrat Daniel , Abebe Workeabeba , Hailemariam Tewodros , Wubete Andualem , Aseffa Abraham , Vaneechoutte Mario 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: There is a scarcity of data on pediatric community-acquired sepsis (CAS) in Ethiopia. We sought to determine the etiology, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and prognostic factors in children with CAS in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 101 children aged 0-15 yrs with suspected CAS was performed. Blood culture, antibiotic susceptibility testing, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of the autolysin (lytA) gene from whole blood samples and typing Streptococcus pneumoniae by sequencing the cpsB gene and using Quellung reaction were performed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression.Results: The prevalence of culture-positive CAS was 14.9 % (15/101). S. pneumoniae (26.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.7%) were the most common causes of CAS. The four isolated pneumococci belonged to serotypes 19A (n = 2), 33C and 12F. Half of K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to gentamicin and ceftriaxone. The case-fatality rate was 11.9% (12/101). In univariate analysis, age of 28 days - 1year (odds ratio (OR), 0.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.01-0.98; P, 0.048), body temperature of 37.5 0C - 38.5 0C (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.05-0.82; P, 0.026) were negatively associated with mortality. Presence of underlying comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 6.8; 95% CI, 1.59-28.7; P, 0.009) was an independent predictor of mortality.Conclusions: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the major causes of CAS and there was a substantial level of antibiotic resistance among isolates. Presence of underlying comorbidity was a predictor of mortality. Large scale studies on etiology, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and prognostic factors of CAS in Ethiopia are warranted.
Two-scale Phenomenological and Statistical Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pontikis Vassilis , Karakostas Theodoros , Komninou Philomela 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this work, the daily reported new infection cases and deaths globally due to COVID-19 are approximated by Gaussian functions of the time elapsed since the beginning of the pandemic. This approximation is shown to consistently designate the time evolution of daily rates of new cases and the total duration of the epidemic in any given region or country. At the pandemic scale, this phenomenological analysis is applied for condensing statistical data of the epidemic evolution in twenty-four countries into two “universal master plots” involving in total five adjustable parameters per country. The analysis reveals intrinsic features of the pandemic and local specificities of the epidemic as well, helps in anticipating the epidemic peak date in each country and yields confidence intervals for the average numbers of incidences. Finally, the phenomenology facilitates comparisons of the epidemic evolution in different countries and evaluations of the effectiveness of related health policies.
Quadrivalent praseodymium in planetary materials
Authors: Anenburg Michael , Burnham Antony D. , Hamilton Jessica L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPraseodymium is capable of existing as Pr3+ and Pr4+. Although the former is dominant across almost all geological conditions, the observation of Pr4+ by XANES and Pr anomalies (both positive and negative) in multiple light rare earth element minerals from Nolans Bore, Australia, and Stetind, Norway, indicates that quadrivalent Pr can occur under oxidizing hydrothermal and supergene conditions. High-temperature REE partitioning experiments at oxygen fugacities up to more than 12 log units more oxidizing than the fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer show negligible evidence for Pr4+ in zircon, indicating that Pr likely remains as Pr3+ under all magmatic conditions. Synthetic Pr4+-bearing zircons in the pigment industry form under unique conditions, which are not attained in natural systems. Quadrivalent Pr in solutions has an extremely short lifetime, but may be sufficient to cause anomalous Pr in solids. Because the same conditions that favor Pr4+ also stabilize Ce4+ to a greater extent, these two cations have similar ionic radii, and Ce is more than six times as abundant as Pr, it seems that Pr-dominant minerals must be exceptionally rare if they occur at all. We identify cold, alkaline, and oxidizing environments such as oxyhalide-rich regions at the Atacama Desert or on Mars as candidates for the existence of Pr-dominant minerals.
Shotgun metagenomics reveals differences in antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial communities in Western Balkans glacial lakes sediments
Authors: Filipic Brankica , Novovic Katarina , Studholme David J. , Malesevic Milka , Mirkovic Nemanja , Kojic Milan , Jovcic Branko 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Long-term overuse of antibiotics has driven the propagation and spreading of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) such as efflux pumps in the environment, which can be transferred to clinically relevant pathogens. This study explored the abundance and diversity of ARGs and mobile genetic elements within bacterial communities from sediments of three Western Balkans glacial lakes: Plav Lake (high impact of human population), Black Lake (medium impact of human population) and Donje Bare Lake (remote lake, minimal impact of human population) via shotgun metagenomics. Assembled metagenomic sequences revealed that Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) efflux pumps genes were most abundant in metagenome from the Plav Lake. The Integron Finder bioinformatics tool detected 38 clusters of attC sites lacking integron-integrases (CALIN) elements: 20 from Plav Lake, four from Black Lake and 14 from Donje Bare Lake. A complete integron sequence was recovered only from the assembled metagenome from Plav Lake. Plasmid contents within the metagenomes were similar, with proportions of contigs being plasmid-related: 1.73% for Plav Lake, 1.59% for Black Lake and 1.64% for Donje Bare Lake. The investigation showed that RNDs and mobile genetic elements content correlated with human population impact.
Evaluating the Performance of Three Chambers Microbial Salinity Cell (MSC) Subjected to Different Substrate Concentrations to Accomplish Simultaneous Organic and Salt Removal in the Wastewater
Authors: Yuliasni Rustiana , Zen Nur , Setianingsih Nanik Indah 
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to identify the effect of substrate concentration on the performance of A Three chambers Microbial Salinity Cell (a three chambers MSC). In this study, 3 three chambers MSC was made of plexy glass with total volume of 200 ml. Alumunium wrapped with with platinum on vulcan carbon cloth were used as electrodes,with each working area 63 cm2. The results showed that a Three chambers Microbial Salinity Cell was able to generate electricity and at the same time removed salinity. The degree of electricity deneration and salinity removal were influenced by initial substrate concentration in the anode chamber. The higher substrate concentration, the better performance of MSC. The best performance of MSC achieved when COD was 2034 mg/L, resulted in maximum voltage of 0. 44 V, and maximum current density of 0.29 mA/m2. With % CE was 5.4%. The maximum conductivity increase in salinity chamber was from 11.2 µS/cm to 1027 µS/cm (salinity 0.57% ppt).
Full Scale Application of Integrated Upflow Anaerobic Filter (UAF)-Constructed Wetland (CWs) in Small Scale Batik Industry Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Handayani Novarina Irnaning , Yuliasni Rustiana , Setianingsih Nanik Indah , Budiarto Agung 
Published: May 2020

This research aimed to evaluate the implementation of integrated Upflow Anaerobic Filter (UAF)-Constructed Wetlands (CWs) in real condition of wastewater treatment plant in batik small scale industry. The full scale reactor consisted of equalization chamber with HRT of 2 days; Upflow Anaerobic Filter (UAF) with HRT of 6 days, and Horizontal Subsurface Constructed Wetlands (HSSCWs) with HRT of 1.5 days. The UAF- CWs integrated technology was used to treat batik wastewater with COD inlet of 1339 – 2034 mg/L and pH of 9.0 – 9.4. This study showed that single UAF technology alone was able to reduced 56 – 78%, while the integration UAF –wetland technology improved the performance to 85% and reduced the pH into 7.5 – 7.8.
Harm Reduction: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Kerber Amie , Donnelly Tam Truong , Cruz Aniela dela 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundOver the last 25 years, harm reduction has shifted to focus on public health and addressing the opioid crisis. Nurses working in addictions treatment utilize the principles of harm reduction to improve the health of clients.AimsConcept clarity assists healthcare providers to understand the applications and attributes of a concept.MethodA concept analysis of harm reduction using the Rodgers (1989) method of evolutionary analysis was undertaken. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted using CINAHL Plus and Social Work Abstracts.FindingsThe key attributes of harm reduction include safety, supplies, education, partnerships, and policy. Applications of harm reduction include needle exchange programs, supervised consumption sites, medication-assisted treatment, and increased access to take-home naloxone kits. The main antecedent to harm reduction is the presence of harm. Consequences explored include safer injection practices, decreased transmission of blood-borne illnesses, improved client relationships, and decreased overdose-related deaths. Stigma, health promotion, and pragmatism are the related concepts discussed. A model case is provided.ConclusionThe principles of harm reduction are becoming increasingly popular as an inclusive and evidence-based nursing approach to addictions treatment and management. As using substances continues to shift and increase, harm reduction strategies must remain malleable and available in both the community and hospital settings to address the issue and decrease the associated healthcare costs. Future implications for nursing practice and research are provided.
Degradation of Ethylene Glycol Through Photo-Fenton Heterogeneous System
Authors: Ardila-Arias Alba Nelly , Berrío-Mesa Eliana , Arriola-Villaseñor Erasmo , Álvarez-Gómez William Fernando , Hernández-Maldonado José Alfredo , Zepeda-Partida Trino Armando , Ortíz-Frade Luis Antonio , Barrera-Zapata Rolando 
Published: May 2020

This work describes the ethylene glycol degradation in a photo-Fenton heterogeneous system. Iron-doped TiO2 photocatalysts prepared by different methods (incipient wet impregnation and sol-gel method), as well as the corresponding un-doped material were examined in this process. Different values of initial pH and H2O2 concentration were tested during the experiments. A lower photoactivity was observed for the un-doped materials than for the Fe-doped materials. Optimum results of initial pH and H2O2 concentrations were found to be 3.0 and 1,000 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the highest degradation percentage of ethylene glycol (61 %) was achieved for the material synthetized by sol-gel method. Such catalytic performance is explained on the basis of structural/morphological and electronic characterization results, reached by XRD, UV-vis DRS and XPS techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report related with the ethylene glycol degradation using Iron-doped TiO2 in a photo-Fenton heterogeneous system.