bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In utero exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk factors in youth: A longitudinal analysis in the EPOCH cohort
Authors: Perng Wei , Hockett Christine W. , Sauder Katherine A. , Dabelea Dana 
Published: January 2020

SummaryObjectiveTo examine associations of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with offspring cardiovascular biomarkers from late childhood through adolescence.MethodsWe used mixed effects linear regression models to examine associations of maternal GDM (n = 92 cases of 597) with average offspring levels of serum lipids (total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein [HDL], low‐density lipoprotein [LDL], and triglycerides) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) across two research visits spanning approximately 10.6 and 16.9 years of age. In sex‐stratified analysis, we evaluated the impact of adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, pubertal status, physical activity and total energy intake, maternal body mass index (BMI), GDM treatment, and child's BMI.ResultsAfter adjusting for child's age, pubertal status, race/ethnicity, and maternal education and smoking, GDM exposure was associated with higher total (0.38 [95% CI, 0.16‐0.61] mmol/L) and LDL cholesterol (0.34 [95% CI, 0.14‐0.53] mmol/L) in girls. These estimates were robust to adjustment for lifestyle characteristics and maternal BMI but were attenuated after accounting for GDM treatment with no appreciable change following further adjustment for current BMI. In boys, maternal GDM corresponded with 4.50 (1.90‐7.10) mmHg higher SBP. This association persisted after accounting for sociodemographic/lifestyle characteristics, maternal BMI, and GDM treatment but was attenuated after adjusting for current BMI.ConclusionsMaternal GDM is related to offspring lipid profile and SBP in a sex‐specific manner.
The treatment of Kyrle's disease: a systematic review
Authors: Forouzandeh M. , Stratman S. , Yosipovitch G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractKyrle's disease (KD) is a cutaneous disease that develops in individuals with underlying systemic disease, particularly chronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus (DM), and is associated with a high burden of disease linked to itch. The intensely pruritic, hyperkeratotic papulonodular rash seen in KD dramatically impairs patients’ quality of life and increases their risk of mortality. Unfortunately, no guidelines or evidence‐based regimens have been specifically developed for KD, making the treatment of this disease particularly challenging for physicians. This article aims to provide the first comprehensive, up‐to‐date overview and analysis of treatment options employed for KD. A search of the PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases was performed for articles regarding the treatment of KD, published in English between 1990 and 2019. Seventy‐three articles were identified, of which eighteen met the inclusion criteria. We discovered that a wide variety of treatment regimens for KD have been reported in the literature, including oral antibiotics, immunosuppressants, phototherapy, topical/systemic retinoids, topical keratolytics and various combination therapies, which include some of the aforementioned treatments, in conjunction with oral/topical/injectable steroids, emollients and/or antihistamines. The use of a combination regimen is the most commonly practiced therapeutic approach to KD. Topical corticosteroids and depot corticosteroid injections repeatedly appeared in many of the regimens encountered during our search. While no definitive recommendations can be made based on existing literature, this article provides physicians with a summative outline that can help guide management and be referenced when other treatment efforts fail. The increasing prevalence of renal disease, DM and other chronic diseases will inevitably lead to rising rates of KD in the upcoming years. While randomized controlled trials are greatly needed, novel antipruritic immunomodulatory drugs targeting specific interleukin receptors (IL‐4/13/31) and intracellular signalling (e.g. Janus kinase) pathways may have a potential role in the treatment of this disease.
The dicey dinner dilemma: Asymmetry in predator–prey risk‐taking, a broadly applicable alternative to the life‐dinner principle
Authors: Humphreys Rosalind K. , Ruxton Graeme D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractForty years ago, the ‘life‐dinner principle’ was proposed as an example of an asymmetry that may lead prey species to experience stronger selection than their predators, thus accounting for the high frequency with which prey escape alive from interaction with a predator. This principle remains an influential concept in the scientific literature, despite several works suggesting that the concept relies on many under‐appreciated assumptions and does not apply as generally as was initially proposed. Here, we present a novel model describing a very different asymmetry to that proposed in the life‐dinner principle, but one that could apply broadly. We argue that asymmetries between the relative costs and benefits to predators and prey of selecting a risky behaviour during an extended predator–prey encounter could lead to an enhanced likelihood of escape for the prey. Any resulting advantage to prey depends upon there being a behaviour or choice that introduces some inherent danger to both predator and prey if they adopt it, but which if the prey adopts the predator must match in order to have a chance of successful predation. We suggest that the circumstances indicated by our model could apply broadly across diverse taxa, including both risky spatial or behavioural choices.
Effect of an intervention on the congruence of nurses' and patients' perceptions of patient‐centred care: A pre‐test post‐test study
Authors: Castro Eva M. , Van Regenmortel Tine , Vanhaecht Kris , Sermeus Walter , Kiekens Carlotte , Claes Kathleen , Bruyneel Luk 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo evaluate measurement invariance of the Individualized Care Scale (ICS) across patients and nurses, and assess the degree of congruence in nurses' and patients' perceptions on patient‐centredness and the impact of an intervention there on.MethodsA pre‐post intervention study design with an expert by experience intervention was conducted in 2016 to 2017. Nurses (n = 138) and patients (n = 199) of two hospital departments in Belgium were surveyed. Patient‐centredness was measured using the ICS (ICS‐Nurse and ICS‐Patient). Measurement invariance was evaluated by conducting multiple‐group confirmatory factor analysis. Unpaired t tests and difference in difference analysis were used to evaluate the degree of congruence in nurses' and patients' perceptions on patient‐centredness and assess pre‐post changes in nurses' and patients' scores, respectively. SQUIRE guidelines were followed to report the study.ResultsThere was no evidence of measurement non‐invariance. Nurses perceived the individuality of care more positively than patients both before and after the implementation of the intervention. Pre‐post changes in nurses' and patients' scores were not statistically significant.ConclusionThere is a significant gap between the perceptions of nurses and patients regarding the support and provision of individual care: nurses consider provided care as more individualized than patients do. To orient nurses' perspectives more towards their patients' perspective, multicomponent interventions are needed. Researchers and hospital managers may use the ICS to evaluate interventions that have the ability to close the gap in nurses' and patients' perceptions of patient‐centredness. Embedding experts by experience in the professionals' team has the potential to foster patient‐centredness but needs to focus on patients and nurses equally.
Yeast extract demonstrates rapid itch relief in chronic pruritus
Authors: Zhang Yiyi , Tan Yimei , Zou Ying , Bulat Vedrana , Lugovic Mihic Liborijia , Kovacevic Maja , Lotti Torello , Verner Ines , Stanimirovic Andrija , Situm Mirna , Goldust Mohamad , Liu Wei , Vojvodic Aleksandra , Goren Andy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPruritus is the most common complaint encountered in dermatological practice. It is estimated that up to 4% of the world population suffers from chronic itch. Chronic pruritus can be associated with both cutaneous or systemic conditions. While a plethora of treatments attempt to address itch, most carry risk of significant adverse events with chronic use; thus, there exists an unmet need to develop safe treatments for chronic pruritus. A recent study demonstrated that a novel extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that is, Baker's yeast, blocks various histamine receptors as well as inhibits numerous inflammatory cytokines.MethodsGiven the long‐term safety profile of Baker's yeast, we set to investigate the efficacy of the novel extract in the treatment of chronic pruritus.Key ResultsIn our study, we demonstrated that within 30 minutes, the novel extract significantly reduced itch when compared to a placebo lotion (P = .0020).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that a novel extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae can provide rapid and sustained itch relief to chronic pruritus patients.
Evaluation of the plasma protein S dynamics during pregnancy using a total protein S assay: Protein S‐specific activity decreased from the second trimester
Authors: Takeuchi Sawako , Adachi Tomoko , Tsuda Tomohide , Jin Xiuri , Yamashita Takahiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThe relationship between congenital protein S (PS) deficiency and complications during pregnancy remains unclear, partly due to the difficulty of precisely evaluating the PS level with conventional assays and the physiological decrease of PS during pregnancy. A new PS assay was developed to measure the total PS antigen and activity quantitatively and calculate PS‐specific activity. This study aimed to evaluate the plasma PS dynamics during pregnancy using the new PS assay and establish the reference interval for pregnant women.MethodsA total of 253 pregnant women without a personal or family history of thromboembolism were recruited. Blood samples were obtained in the first, second and third trimesters and at one month post‐partum. The total PS antigen, activity, and PS‐specific activity were studied. Results were analyzed by the repeated measures single‐factor anovas followed by a post‐hoc test using Excel Statistics.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation (IU/mL) of the total PS antigen levels in the first, second and third trimesters and 1 month post‐partum were 0.67 ± 0.12, 0.67 ± 0.09, 0.68 ± 0.11 and 0.92 ± 0.13, respectively. The total PS activity (IU/mL) in the first, second and third trimesters and 1 month post‐partum were 0.69 ± 0.14, 0.59 ± 0.10, 0.58 ± 0.12 and 0.87 ± 0.15, respectively. The PS‐specific activity was within the normal range of nonpregnant women in the first trimester (1.02 ± 0.10) but decreased in the second and third trimesters (0.88 ± 0.09 and 0.85 ± 0.09, respectively) before increasing in the post‐partum period (0.94 ± 0.08).ConclusionThe total PS antigen and activity decrease throughout pregnancy, while the PS‐specific activity decreases in the second and third trimesters.
Effects of dietary energy level on growth performance, blood parameters and meat quality in fattening male Hu lambs
Authors: Wang Qiye , Wang Yancan , Hussain Tarique , Dai Chunpeng , Li Jianzhong , Huang Pengfei , Li Yali , Ding Xueqin , Huang Jing , Ji Fengjie , Zhou Hanlin , Yang Huansheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary energy levels on growth performance, slaughter traits, meat quality and blood biochemical parameters in fattening male Hu lambs. Sixty lambs were fed five iso‐protein diets which contained different levels of metabolizable energy in a completely randomized design for 70 days. At the end of study, fifteen lambs were harvested for further study. With the increase in dietary energy level, the daily weight gain and dry matter intake extremely increased (p < .001), and feed conversion ratio decreased significantly (p < .01). The live weight before slaughter (LWBS) and carcass weight had a significant increase (p < .05), non‐carcass fat ratio and routine indexes of meat quality had no significant difference. Almost no effect was observed for the amino acid profile except for glycine concentration decreased (p < .05) in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. The concentrations of C17:0, C18:3n‐3 and n‐3 PUFA (p < .01) significantly decreased with the increasing dietary energy levels, and the ratio of ∑n‐6/∑n‐3 (p < .01) increased, whereas the concentrations of C18:1n‐9t (p < .05) decreased in LD muscle and C18:1 (p < .01) increased in biceps femoris (BF) muscle. There were no obviously differences for diameter, area and density of muscle fibres. The relative expression of MyHC‐IIa and MyHC‐IIx decreased significantly (p < .05) in BF muscle, and the relative expression of MyHC‐IIa displayed an obviously decreasing trend (p < .10) in LD muscle. These results suggest that increasing the dietary energy level can improve the growth performance and slaughter traits, and influence meat quality and fatty acid profiles in different muscle tissues of fattening male Hu lambs. These results provide a theoretical basis for developing Hu sheep nutritional standards and designing feed formulations.
Beyond grammatical and phonological words
Authors: Tallman Adam J. R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper reviews recent research on the cross‐linguistic comparison of wordhood domains. A prominent solution to misalignments in wordhood domains is to distinguish between grammatical (morphosyntactic, morphological) words and phonological (prosodic) words. Recent studies reveal problems with this solution insofar as it is meant to serve as a basis for cross‐linguistic comparison. Language‐internal divergences within morphosyntactic domains and the phonological domains are not straightforwardly handled by the grammatical‐phonological word distinction. Moreover, cross‐linguistic variation in the motivation for these constituents is such that it is not clear that the grammatical/phonological word of one language is comparable to that of the next. Recent descriptive and typological studies seek to overcome these problems by questioning some of the methodological and conceptual assumptions underlying the concept of a word and the interpretation of wordhood diagnostics.
Neural bases of learning and recognition of statistical regularities
Authors: Ordin Mikhail , Polyanskaya Leona , Soto David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStatistical learning is a set of cognitive mechanisms allowing for extracting regularities from the environment and segmenting continuous sensory input into discrete units. The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (N = 25) in conjunction with an artificial language learning paradigm to provide new insight into the neural mechanisms of statistical learning, considering both the online process of extracting statistical regularities and the subsequent offline recognition of learned patterns. Notably, prior fMRI studies on statistical learning have not contrasted neural activation during the learning and recognition experimental phases. Here, we found that learning is supported by the superior temporal gyrus and the anterior cingulate gyrus, while subsequent recognition relied on the left inferior frontal gyrus. Besides, prior studies only assessed the brain response during the recognition of trained words relative to novel nonwords. Hence, a further key goal of this study was to understand how the brain supports recognition of discrete constituents from the continuous input versus recognition of mere statistical structure that is used to build new constituents that are statistically congruent with the ones from the input. Behaviorally, recognition performance indicated that statistically congruent novel tokens were less likely to be endorsed as parts of the familiar environment than discrete constituents. fMRI data showed that the left intraparietal sulcus and angular gyrus support the recognition of old discrete constituents relative to novel statistically congruent items, likely reflecting an additional contribution from memory representations for trained items.
Correlates of sedentary behaviour in Asian adults: A systematic review
Authors: Müller Andre Matthias , Chen Bozhi , Wang Nan Xin , Whitton Clare , Direito Artur , Petrunoff Nick , Müller‐Riemenschneider Falk 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe objective of this study is to systematically review the evidence on correlates of sedentary behaviour (SB) among Asian adults. We searched for studies that examined individual, environmental, and political/cultural correlates of total and domain‐specific SB (transport, occupation, leisure, and screen time) in Asian adults published from 2000 onwards in nine scientific databases. Two reviewers independently screened identified references. Following quality assessment of included studies, we performed narrative synthesis that considered differences based on SB measurements, regions, and population characteristics (PROSPERO: CRD42018095268). We identified 13 249 papers of which we included 49, from four regions and 12 countries. Researchers conducted cross‐sectional analyses and most relied on SB self‐report for SB measurement. Of the 118 correlates studied, the following associations were consistent: higher age, living in an urban area (East Asia), and lower mental health with higher total SB; higher education with higher total and occupational SB; higher income with higher leisure‐time SB; higher transit density with higher total SB in older East Asians; and being an unmarried women with higher SB in the Middle East. We encourage more research in non‐high‐income countries across regions, further exploration of important but neglected correlates using longitudinal designs and qualitative research, and the use of objective instruments to collect SB data.
Estimating photosynthetic traits from reflectance spectra: A synthesis of spectral indices, numerical inversion, and partial least square regression
Authors: Fu Peng , Meacham‐Hensold Katherine , Guan Kaiyu , Wu Jin , Bernacchi Carl 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe lack of efficient means to accurately infer photosynthetic traits constrains understanding global land carbon fluxes and improving photosynthetic pathways to increase crop yield. Here, we investigated whether a hyperspectral imaging camera mounted on a mobile platform could provide the capability to help resolve these challenges, focusing on three main approaches, that is, reflectance spectra‐, spectral indices‐, and numerical model inversions‐based partial least square regression (PLSR) to estimate photosynthetic traits from canopy hyperspectral reflectance for 11 tobacco cultivars. Results showed that PLSR with inputs of reflectance spectra or spectral indices yielded an R2 of ~0.8 for predicting V
cmax and J
max, higher than an R2 of ~0.6 provided by PLSR of numerical inversions. Compared with PLSR of reflectance spectra, PLSR with spectral indices exhibited a better performance for predicting V
cmax (R2 = 0.84 ± 0.02, RMSE = 33.8 ± 2.2 μmol m−2 s−1) while a similar performance for J
max (R2 = 0.80 ± 0.03, RMSE = 22.6 ± 1.6 μmol m−2 s−1). Further analysis on spectral resampling revealed that V
cmax and J
max could be predicted with ~10 spectral bands at a spectral resolution of less than 14.7 nm. These results have important implications for improving photosynthetic pathways and mapping of photosynthesis across scales.
Development and validation of ‘caring ability of family caregivers of patients with cancer scale (CAFCPCS)’
Authors: Nemati Shahnaz , Rassouli Maryam , Ilkhani Mahnaz , Baghestani Ahmad Reza , Nemati Maryam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimFamily caregivers have limited abilities that make them vulnerable to the care needs of patients. Therefore, it seems necessary to evaluate their caring ability. The aim of this study was to design an instrument for assessing the caring ability of family caregivers of cancer patients.MethodsThis was a sequential exploratory mixed‐method study, carried out in two qualitative and quantitative phases. The concept of caring ability and its dimensions were explained using conventional content analysis in the qualitative phase. The research participants included 41 family caregivers of cancer patients and professional caregivers who were selected using purposeful sampling method until reaching data saturation. The scale items were designed using the results of the qualitative phase of the study, as well as the review of relevant literature. In the quantitative phase, the scale was validated using content and face validity, construct validity, as well as internal consistency and stability.ResultsThe primary item pool was prepared in 108 items. Content validity was determined using CVR with a cut‐off point (0.62), CVI with a cut‐off point (0.8) and kappa coefficient (κ) (>0.75). The validity of 72 items was confirmed. Then, the overlapping items were merged and eventually the 45‐item scale entered the face validity stage and five items with an impact factor < 1.5 were omitted. Results of KMO = 0.904 and Bartlett = 6184.012 (p < 0.001) justified the need for factor analysis. Scree plot indicates five factors with eigenvalues above 1 and 67.7% of the total variance, including ‘Effective role play, Fatigue and Surrender, Trust, Uncertainty, and Caring ignorance’. Reliability of the 31‐item instrument indicated a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.93 and ICC of 0.94.ConclusionsCaring abilities scale (CAI) of family caregivers of patients with cancer is a valid and reliable instrument that can assess caregivers' caring ability.
Universities as peculiar organizations
Authors: Eaton Charlie , Stevens Mitchell L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe integrate contemporary sociological scholarship on higher education to appraise universities as peculiar organizations, on three dimensions. Universities arepositionally centralto the institutional order of modern societies, providing working links between state, market, civil society, and private‐sphere organizations. Universities arepolysemic, embodying civic, economic, and sacred meanings simultaneously. And universities arequasi‐sovereign, enjoying a substantial margin of jurisdiction over their own boundaries and internal affairs. These insights are harmonious with classic insights on the character of academic organization and offer concise dimensions for observing variation in higher education systems across space and time.
Cooperation and preference by peers in early childhood: A longitudinal study
Authors: Endedijk Hinke M. , Cillessen Antonius H. N. , Bekkering Harold , Hunnius Sabine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChildren who are more proficient in cooperation with peers tend to be more preferred. To date, the development of peer cooperation has been studied mainly in two research traditions, one focusing on action coordination and the other focusing on interaction quality. Both aspects of cooperation are relevant for children's peer relations, but it is unclear whether both aspects of children's earliest cooperation skills predict their later preference by peers after the transition into organized social groups in school. In this study, we assessed coordination proficiency and interaction quality of 181 Dutch children longitudinally from 2 to 4 years of age. No relation between early action coordination and later preference by peers at school was found. However, especially in girls more affiliative and fewer antagonistic behaviors at the age of two predicted likeability among classmates at school at the age of four. The findings shine new light on the earliest foundations of children's peer evaluations.