bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colourability and word-representability of near-triangulations
Authors: Glen Marc Elliot 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A graph G = (V;E) is word-representable if there is a word w over the alphabet V such that x and y alternate in w if and only if the edge (x; y) is in G. It is known [6] that all 3-colourable graphs are word-representable, while among those with a higher chromatic number some are word-representable while others are not.
There has been some recent research on the word-representability of polyomino triangulations. Akrobotu et al. [1] showed that a triangulation of a convex polyomino is word-representable if and only if it is 3-colourable; and Glen and Kitaev [5] extended this result to the case of a rectangular polyomino triangulation when a single domino tile is allowed.
It was shown in [4] that a near-triangulation is 3-colourable if and only if it is internally even. This paper provides a much shorter and more elegant proof of this fact, and also shows that near-triangulations are in fact a generalization of the polyomino triangulations studied in [1] and [5], and so we generalize the results of these two papers, and solve all open problems stated in [5].
Generalized Jacobsthal numbers and restricted k-ary words
Authors: Ramirez José L. , Shattuck Mark 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We consider a generalization of the problem of counting ternary words of a given length which was recently investigated by Koshy and Grimaldi [10]. In particular, we use finite automata and ordinary generating functions in deriving a k-ary generalization. This approach allows us to obtain a general setting in which to study this problem over a k-ary language. The corresponding class of n-letter k-ary words is seen to be equinumerous with the closed walks of length n − 1 on the complete graph for k vertices as well as a restricted subset of colored square-and-domino tilings of the same length. A further polynomial extension of the k-ary case is introduced and its basic properties deduced. As a consequence, one obtains some apparently new binomial-type identities via a combinatorial argument.
The Effect of pH, Coagulation Bath, and Reduction on Characteristic Properties of Continuous Graphene Oxide Fiber
Authors: Altay Pelin , Alptoğa Özge , Önen Ayşen , Karatepe Nilgün , Uçar Nuray 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study focuses on the effect of different process parameters including pH of GO dispersion, hydrazine reduction, number of coagulation bath on the properties of graphene oxide (GO) fibers produced through wet spinning method. Produced GO fibers have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman, X-ray diffraction methods, and an electrical conductivity meter. Results show that pH3 hydrazine reduction causes an expansion of the fiber volume and formation of porous fiber structure with higher defects. The crystal structure of GO fibers was also observed to be affected by hydrazine reduction, leading to decreased interlayer spacing and increased crystalline size and number of layer as compared to the reference (unreduced) one. Single coagulation bath was found to result in crystal on the fiber surface because of the calcium chloride (CaCI2) salt, which provides higher electrical conductivity than triple coagulation bath. The pH value of GO dispersion was found to influence the crystal structures of the GO fiber, resulting in lower interlayer spacing, lower crystallinity degree, and higher crystallite size in the pH5 sample as compared to that of pH3 for triple coagulation baths. The results obtained in this study are expected to contribute to and shed light for further studies on carbon-based fiber materials such as GO fiber and reduced GO fiber that can have different application fields including electronic smart textiles, graphene-based membranes, gas adsorption, energy application such as lithium ion battery, and ultrafiltration applications.
Dynamic Changes in Ultrastructure of the Primary Cilium in Migrating Neuroblasts in the Postnatal Brain
Authors: Matsumoto Mami , Sawada Masato , García-González Diego , Herranz-Pérez Vicente , Ogino Takashi , Bang Nguyen Huy , Quynh Thai Truc , Narita Keishi , Kumamoto Natsuko , Ugawa Shinya , Saito Yumiko , Takeda Sen , Kaneko Naoko , Khodosevich Konstantin , Monyer Hannah , García-Verdugo José Manuel , Ohno Nobuhiko , Sawamoto Kazunobu 
Published: November 2019

New neurons, referred to as neuroblasts, are continuously generated in the ventricular-subventricular zone of the brain throughout an animal's life. These neuroblasts are characterized by their unique potential for proliferation, formation of chain-like cell aggregates, and long-distance and high-speed migration through the rostral migratory stream (RMS) toward the olfactory bulb (OB), where they decelerate and differentiate into mature interneurons. The dynamic changes of ultrastructural features in postnatal-born neuroblasts during migration are not yet fully understood. Here we report the presence of a primary cilium, and its ultrastructural morphology and spatiotemporal dynamics, in migrating neuroblasts in the postnatal RMS and OB. The primary cilium was observed in migrating neuroblasts in the postnatal RMS and OB in male and female mice and zebrafish, and a male rhesus monkey. Inhibition of intraflagellar transport molecules in migrating neuroblasts impaired their ciliogenesis and rostral migration toward the OB. Serial section transmission electron microscopy revealed that each migrating neuroblast possesses either a pair of centrioles or a basal body with an immature or mature primary cilium. Using immunohistochemistry, live imaging, and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrate that the localization and orientation of the primary cilium are altered depending on the mitotic state, saltatory migration, and deceleration of neuroblasts. Together, our results highlight a close mutual relationship between spatiotemporal regulation of the primary cilium and efficient chain migration of neuroblasts in the postnatal brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTImmature neurons (neuroblasts) generated in the postnatal brain have a mitotic potential and migrate in chain-like cell aggregates toward the olfactory bulb. Here we report that migrating neuroblasts possess a tiny cellular protrusion called a primary cilium. Immunohistochemical studies with zebrafish, mouse, and monkey brains suggest that the presence of the primary cilium in migrating neuroblasts is evolutionarily conserved. Ciliogenesis in migrating neuroblasts in the rostral migratory stream is suppressed during mitosis and promoted after cell cycle exit. Moreover, live imaging and 3D electron microscopy revealed that ciliary localization and orientation change during saltatory movement of neuroblasts. Our results reveal highly organized dynamics in maturation and positioning of the primary cilium during neuroblast migration that underlie saltatory movement of postnatal-born neuroblasts.
Zebrafishdscaml1Deficiency Impairs Retinal Patterning and Oculomotor Function
Authors: Ma Manxiu , Ramirez Alexandro D. , Wang Tong , Roberts Rachel L. , Harmon Katherine E. , Schoppik David , Sharma Avirale , Kuang Christopher , Goei Stephanie L. , Gagnon James A. , Zimmerman Steve , Tsai Shengdar Q. , Reyon Deepak , Joung J. Keith , Aksay Emre R.F. , Schier Alexander F. , Pan Y. Albert 
Published: November 2019

Down syndrome cell adhesion molecules (dscamanddscaml1) are essential regulators of neural circuit assembly, but their roles in vertebrate neural circuit function are still mostly unexplored. We investigated the functional consequences ofdscaml1deficiency in the larval zebrafish (sexually undifferentiated) oculomotor system, where behavior, circuit function, and neuronal activity can be precisely quantified. Genetic perturbation ofdscaml1resulted in deficits in retinal patterning and light adaptation, consistent with its known roles in mammals. Oculomotor analyses revealed specific deficits related to thedscaml1mutation, including severe fatigue during gaze stabilization, reduced saccade amplitude and velocity in the light, greater disconjugacy, and impaired fixation. Two-photon calcium imaging of abducens neurons in control anddscaml1mutant animals confirmed deficits in saccade-command signals (indicative of an impairment in the saccadic premotor pathway), whereas abducens activation by the pretectum-vestibular pathway was not affected. Together, we show that loss ofdscaml1resulted in impairments in specific oculomotor circuits, providing a new animal model to investigate the development of oculomotor premotor pathways and their associated human ocular disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDscaml1is a neural developmental gene with unknown behavioral significance. Using the zebrafish model, this study shows thatdscaml1mutants have a host of oculomotor (eye movement) deficits. Notably, the oculomotor phenotypes indscaml1mutants are reminiscent of human ocular motor apraxia, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by reduced saccade amplitude and gaze stabilization deficits. Population-level recording of neuronal activity further revealed potential subcircuit-specific requirements fordscaml1during oculomotor behavior. These findings underscore the importance ofdscaml1in the development of visuomotor function and characterize a new model to investigate potential circuit deficits underlying human oculomotor disorders.
Applied ethics, i.e. the issue of norms and values in the choices of everyday life
Authors: Stecko Justyna 
Published: November 2019

Valuation and evaluation are inevitable in life. They concern both making personal choices and assessing facts. In the world where we live, ethics seems to appear only when social issues such as abortion, euthanasia or the death penalty go to the discussion. Ethics, however, is not common in the issues of everyday life, in the choices that accompany us on every level of life. In both private and public life one can notice more and more blind momentum, more and more tasks but also we set the boundary between good and evil with greater difficulty. It seems that the diagnosis regarding the axiological crisis seems more and more accurate today. The common belief that it is allowed to do so because “everyone does it” is nothing more than a mindless imitation of social behavior or just plain ignorance of ethics. According to Seneca the thing which is not prohibited by the law is prohibited by shame, it seems that today the shame, which in this sentence was a synonym of “awareness” or “ethical sensitivity” ceased to exist. The aim of this article is a brief reflection on the ethics of contemporary man, on the way how he makes choices, and actually on the basis of what he should take. The inspiration for writing this text was the author’s personal experience, which indicates the lack of optimism in assessing the moral condition of a modern man.
JOSEPH HENRY AND GEOLOGY AT PRINCETON
Authors: YOUNG DAVIS A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The first documented geology lectures at Princeton were given in 1825 by John Finch (circa 1790–circa 1835), an English visitor to the United States. In the 1830s, John Torrey (1796–1873) delivered a few geology and mineralogy lectures at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), but Joseph Henry (1797–1878), Professor of Natural Philosophy at the College of New Jersey from 1832 to 1848, introduced the first repeated geology course. In the 1830s, the College of New Jersey instituted a handful of short courses on topics outside of the regular curriculum. Geology was assigned to Henry, owing to his geological experience with Amos Eaton (1776–1842) along the recently opened Erie Canal. Henry taught geology for the first time in August 1841, repeated the course in 1843, 1846, and 1847, and probably also in 1844, 1845, 1850, and 1851. Henry typically focused on geophysical aspects of Earth, such as internal heat and Laplace's nebular hypothesis. He also discussed the geologic time scale from Primitive to Alluvium and Diluvium with descriptions of rock types and fossil content of each group. The final lecture was normally devoted to paleontology. Henry relied on Eaton and Edward Hitchcock (1793–1864) for much of his information and took advantage of published cross-sections to explain structural features. The content and timing of the various offerings is reconstructed from Henry's various lecture notes, dated correspondence, and three student notebooks. The impact of Henry's course on students, himself, and the Smithsonian Institution is evaluated.
MILITARY GEOLOGY: AN AMERICAN TERM WITH GERMAN AND FRENCH ANCESTRY
Authors: ROSE EDWARD P. F. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The year 2019 marks the 80th anniversary of the start of the Second World War and the 75th anniversary of the Allied landings in Normandy: respectively the first major conflict in which geologists were deployed professionally in uniform by opposing sides from the start of hostilities, and the first successful major amphibious assault whose planning was significantly influenced by geologists. ‘Military geology’ had become established within major world powers as a discipline relevant to military operations, following its initial development in the First World War. The term in English had entered scientific literature via publications in the USA from 1917 onwards, initially by Joseph Ezekiel Pogue, Jr (1887–1971). This followed use of ‘Militärgeologie’ from 1913 by Walter Kranz (1873–1953) in Germany, a term subsequently used also in Austria-Hungary, although mostly replaced by ‘Kriegsgeologie’ in both nations from 1915 and by ‘Wehrgeologie’ from about 1935. However, ‘géologie militaire’ was in French use even earlier, notably in the sub-titles of books by an infantry officer, Joseph-Charles-Auguste Clerc (1840–1910), on the French Alps in 1882 and the Jura mountains in 1888. This term complemented use of ‘géographie militaire’, a name in use since 1836 for a subject whose study was given impetus in France by defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871. In recent years ‘military geoscience’ has come into more popular use, reuniting military geology with geography and embracing associated disciplines.
Accomplished ladies and well-mannered gentlemen: The effect of education in Jane Austen’s novels
Authors: Jordán Miguel Ángel 
Published: November 2019

The education of young people is one of the recurring themes of Jane Austen's novels. In all her works there are references to the consequences of the education received or its shortcomings. This is a determining factor in the development of personality and Austen, who focuses her novels on people, places great importance on it.
In this article, we will analyze the abundant references Austen makes on the subject of education and we will offer some information on this aspect in her sociocultural context, differentiating between education as a person's formation, on the one hand, and the acquisition of knowledge and skills on the other.
Legal Consequences of Creditor's Name Change in Syndicated Loan Agreement
Authors: Wiyono Pambudi , Pujiono  
Published: November 2019

The present study discussed the legal consequence of the creditor's name change and the consideration used by the Supreme Court Judge no. 1300 K/Pdt/2013. The present study was categorized as doctrinal legal study using case study approach. The data were collected through library research. Syllogism was employed as the analysis technique of this legal writing. The change of creditor's name in a syndicated loan, as it happens to "PT. Bank Finconesia” that changes its name to “PT. Bank Agris" cause problems since the new name "PT. Bank Agris" is not mentioned in the loan agreement no. 8 dated 28 November 1995. The making of syndicated loan agreement should be based on article 1320 and 1338 of the Indonesian Civil Code. The Supreme Court no. 1300/K/Pdt/2013, the supreme court has made an incorrect decision by granting the plaintiff's lawsuit as the syndicated creditor. It is incorrect because, in the syndicated loan agreement, the creditors had agreed to appoint a facilitating agent who acts legally as representative of the creditors, it makes the facilitating agent is authorized to have a direct relation with the debtors, especially in filing a lawsuit to the court.
Language Shifting Phenomenon from Javanese to Bahasa Indonesia in English Department Students’ Utterances
Authors: Nirmala Deli , Candria Mytha 
Published: November 2019

Javanese shifting to bahasa Indonesia can be identified in Javanese young generation’s utterances. This paper aims at finding out how Javanese is getting to shift to Bahasa Indonesia and an alternative speech level. To investigate this phenomenon, we used DCT (Discourse Completion Task) and recording techniques to collect the data i.e the utterances produced by the English Department Students of Diponegoro University whose parents are Javanese. we used referential, inferential, and distributional methods to analyze the data. The results indicate that the students’ utterances can be identified as congruent Javanese speech level, Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Indonesia mixed with Javanese items, Javanese mixed with Bahasa Indonesia items, incongruent Javanese speech levels, and alternative Javanese speech levels. The mixing codes may be used for mitigating the force of threatening, or for hedging.
La construction de l’hypothèse dans une recherche qualitative, une illustration à partir de l’étude sur la distance sociale à l’innovation dans la production d’attiéké en Côte d’Ivoire.
Authors: Soho Rusticot DROH De Bloganqueaux , MOBIO Aubin Jacob 
Published: November 2019

Résumé : Les spécialistes de méthodologie reconnaissent que l’hypothèse est un élément déterminant dans toutes études en sciences sociales. Cependant ces derniers ne s’accordent pas sur son statut et rôle dans ces études. Pour certains son statut et son rôle consistent à la vérification de la véracité des hypothèses ou théories identifiées préalablement par le chercheur, d’autres soutiennent que l’hypothèse dans une étude qualitative se construit tout au long du processus de recherche en fonction des directions et ouvertures induites par la collecte des données. Cet article illustre à partir d’un cas, le processus de construction de l’hypothèse dans une démarche qualitative de type Grounded theory. Ainsi il démontre que la construction de l’hypothèse de cette recherche est partie d’une hypothèse (H1) qui a émergée d’une analyse de données, puis s’est progressivement construit dans un processus itératif et circulaire au gré des orientations du couple collecte et analyse des données.
Abstract : Methodologists agree that hypothesis is a determining element in all social science studies. However, they do not agree on its status and role in these studies. For some, its status and role consists in verifying the veracity of the hypothesis or theories previously identified by the researcher, others argue that the hypothesis in a qualitative study is constructed throughout the research process according to the directions and openings induced by data collection. This article illustrates, from a case, the process of constructing the hypothesis in a qualitative approach of Grounded theory type. Thus, he demonstrates that the construction of the hypothesis of this research is start of a hypothesis (H1) that emerged from a data analysis, then gradually built into an iterative and circular process according to the orientations of data collection and analysis.
Keywords :
Incontinência Urinária de Esforço e Disfunção Sexual Feminina: O Papel da Reabilitação do Pavimento Pélvico
Authors: Preda Andreia , Moreira Susana 
Published: November 2019

Introdução: A incontinência urinária afeta 21,4% das mulheres portuguesas e tem impacto negativo na qualidade de vida e na esfera sexual. A reabilitação do pavimento pélvico é a primeira linha de tratamento na incontinência urinária de esforço e pode ser uma opção terapêutica na disfunção sexual. O objetivo desta revisão é esclarecer se o tratamento com reabilitação do pavimento pélvico apresenta efeitos benéficos na função sexual em mulheres com incontinência urinária de esforço.Material e Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão, recorrendo à base de dados PubMed, usando os termos: ‘urinary incontinence’, ‘female sexual dysfunction’ e ‘pelvic floor physical therapy’, recolhendo informação de 12 artigos relevantes.Resultados: A reabilitação do pavimento pélvico está associada à redução dos episódios de perda de urina e à melhoria da incontinência coital. Verifica-se uma melhoria nos scores de avaliação da função sexual após tratamento. Multiparidade, maior adesão ao tratamento, melhoria na força de contração muscular do pavimento pélvico e diminuição da perda de urina são fatores associados a uma melhoria da função sexual.Discussão: A função sexual deve ser avaliada na abordagem desta patologia e a sua estandardização é fundamental na caraterização do quadro clínico e na avaliação do follow-up. São necessários estudos para avaliar o papel da reabilitação do pavimento pélvico na disfunção sexual de mulheres com incontinência urinária na população portuguesa.Conclusão: A reabilitação do pavimento pélvico melhora a função sexual nas mulheres com incontinência urinária de esforço, pela diminuição de episódios de perda de urina e pelo fortalecimento dos músculos do pavimento pélvico.