bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraepithelial tumour infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with absence of tumour budding and immature/myxoid desmoplastic reaction, and with better recurrence‐free survival in stages I–III colorectal cancer
Authors: González I A , Bauer P S , Liu J , Chatterjee D 
Published: July 2020

AimsTumour budding (TB), desmoplastic reaction (DR) and intraepithelial tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (iTILs) are recently recognised prognostic factors in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we evaluated their significance and relationship to each other and their cumulative effect on survival.Methods and resultsA total of 372 stages I–III CRC cases from 2013 to 2016 were included. Low TB was identified in 302 (81%) cases, immature/myxoid DR in 67 (18%) cases and iTILs in 130 (35.0%) cases. iTILs was associated with low budding (P = 0.0247), non‐myxoid DR (P = 0.0004), poorly differentiated histology (P = 0.0015), absence of perineural invasion (P = 0.0367) and loss of mismatch repair proteins (P = 0.0002). Absence of iTILs and presence of immature/myxoid DR were associated with a worse recurrence‐free survival (RFS) [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.191, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.232–3.895; and HR = 5.706, 95% CI = 3.632–8.964, respectively]. A competing risk analysis showed statistically significant prognostic groups combining iTILs and TB (P < 0.0001). Cases with iTILs and low TB were associated with better RFS compared to cases without iTILs and with intermediate/high TB (HR = 0.214, 95% CI = 0.109–0.421). Similarly, combining iTILs and DR revealed statistically significant prognostic groups (P < 0.0001). Cases with iTILs and a non‐myxoid DR had better RFS compared to cases without iTILs and immature/myxoid DR (HR = 0.113, 95% CI = 0.056–0.230). On multivariate cause‐specific analysis, patients’ age (P = 0.0045), iTILs (P = 0.0345), DR (P < 0.0001) and pTNM prognostic groups (P < 0.0001) were associated with RFS.ConclusionsOur study validates the association of iTILs and DR as independent prognostic finding in CRC, and propose a prognostic model using the combinations of iTILs with TB and stromal reaction in CRC.
Do chronotype differences and night eating syndrome affect dental health?
Authors: Kurnaz Safa , Kandeger Ali 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveOur aim in this study was to examine the effect of chronotype differences and night eating syndrome on dental health parameters such as the decay‐missing‐filled teeth (DMFT) index, the severity of the periodontal disease and the number of endodontically treated teeth in patients admitted to the dental clinic.MethodsThe participants, 210 patients, filled out a package of psychological tools, including the Morningness‐Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Afterwards, the DMFT index scores, the severity of the periodontal disease and the number of endodontically treated teeth of patients were recorded simultaneously with a routine dental examination.ResultsFindings show that the ISI and NEQ scores were significantly higher in the evening‐type individuals (E‐types) than in the morning‐type individuals, and there was no significant difference between the chronotypes in terms of the number of endodontically treated teeth and the DMFT scores. In ordinal regression analyses, not brushing teeth (OR 7.94, CI 6.40‐9.85), increased number of decayed teeth (OR 1.16, CI 1.13‐1.19) and decreased MEQ scores (OR 0.95, CI 0.94‐0.95) were statistically significant predictors for periodontal disease.ConclusionAlthough there was no correlation between chronotype differences and the DMFT index, and the number of endodontically treated teeth, E‐types had a higher risk of periodontal disease severity.
Practice characteristics and views of dental hygienists in Lithuania
Authors: Rederiene Gitana , Aidukaite Greta , Berlin Vilija , Buunk‐Werkhoven Yvonne A. B. , Puriene Alina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the employment possibilities of Lithuanian dental hygienists.MethodsThe questionnaire asked about the demographics of dental hygienists, characteristics of practice, patient load, career intentions, opinion about dental hygienists workforce and the need of governmental workforce regulation. The study consisted of all licensed dental hygienists in Lithuania in 2018 (N = 1109).ResultsThe final response rate was 52.1% (n = 578), 64% (n = 370) of respondents lived in the country’s five main cities, and 73.5% (n = 425) worked in these population centres, with 94.3% (n = 545) worked in private sector. Over two‐thirds of respondents said there was an excess of dental hygienists in Lithuania. Nearly 80% “always” or “sometimes” reported that they had insufficient patients, which may account for the prevalence of supplementary work (48.4%, n = 280), that is work as a dental assistant (67.9%, n = 190). Data obtained show that dental hygienists with less than ten years’ experience were likely to work as a dental assistant (P < .05). Notwithstanding, 73.9% (n = 428) of the dental hygienists reported that they only want to practice their profession. Most (83.4%, n = 483) struggled to find dental hygienist work, and 70.5% (n = 408) wanted regulation of number of dental hygienists at a national level.ConclusionsThe respondents suggested there is (a) a lack of dental hygiene patients, (b) available workload for additional preventive dental hygiene services, (c) pressure to search for additional work, usually as a dental assistant. Governmental support to optimally regulate oral health human resources is, according to most dental hygienists, an emphatic wish as a possible solution at national level.
Effect of alumina bubbles with and without Al2O3 coatings on the performance of lightweight Al2O3‐MgAl2O4 refractories
Authors: Xin YaLou , Yin HongFeng , Tang Yun , Yuan HuDie , Ren XiaoHu , Gao Kui , Wan QiFa , Liu YuChi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this work, the effect of alumina bubbles with Al2O3 coatings (CABs) and without coatings (ABs) on the performance of lightweight refractories was investigated. It showed that the addition of either ABs or CABs was beneficial to improve mechanical properties of refractories. The compressive strength for the specimens with 1 wt% ABs and CABs addition increased from ~50.5 to ~60.9 and ~70.2 MPa. The refractoriness under load was enhanced from ~1589 to ~1617 and ~1623°C. Furthermore, the results of three‐point bending tests showed significant improvement was achieved in thermal shock resistance in terms of the value of residual strength ratio from 16% to 43% for specimens with CABs addition. Meanwhile, the results of ultrasonic pulse velocity measurement indicated that there is a good consistency between two evaluation methods. In order to achieve the trade‐off between lightweight and overall performance, the introduction of CABs into lightweight refractories is feasible and effective.
Effect of different CaSO4 contents on CaSiO3‐CaSO4 porous composite bone scaffolds by 3D gel‐printing
Authors: Shao Huiping , Yu Xinding , Zhang Zhinan , Lin Tao , Peng Jiang , Wang Aiyuan , Liu Shuwen , Zhao Manjian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPorous CaSiO3‐CaSO4 composite scaffolds were successfully prepared by 3D gel‐printing (3DGP) technology in this study. In order to further improve the degradation performance of pure CaSiO3 scaffolds, the effect of different CaSO4 doping contents on CaSiO3‐CaSO4 composite scaffolds was studied. The results show that when the porous composite scaffolds were placed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 5 weeks, the weight loss rate was 2.41% (CaSiO3‐1%CaSO4), 3.97% (CaSiO3‐3%CaSO4), 4.18% (CaSiO3‐5%CaSO4), 6.87% (CaSiO3‐7%CaSO4), and 12.93% (CaSiO3‐9%CaSO4), respectively, which could be concluded that CaSO4 doping has a significant effect on improving the biodegradability of CaSiO3 scaffolds. And CaSO4 doping can also effectively improve the compressive strength of composite scaffolds and that of CaSiO3‐3%CaSO4 composite scaffolds was tested as 54.67 MPa, and the shrinkage rate of porous composite scaffolds was nearly 11.4%, which meets the application requirements of bone repairing engineering.
Key features in the development of unimorph stainless steel cantilever with screen‐printed PZT dedicated to energy harvesting applications
Authors: Rua Taborda Maria Isabel , Elissalde Catherine , Chung U‐Chan , Maglione Mario , Fernandes Egon , Salehian Armaghan , Santawitee Onuma , Debéda Hélène 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe design and processing of vibrational energy harvester based on screen‐printed piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (Pb(ZrxTi1‐x)O3 (PZT)) are described here. Two different structures, a simple cantilever and a complex zig‐zag geometry made of PZT layer sandwiched between gold electrodes and supported on a metallic stainless steel substrate have been successfully fabricated by screen printing thick film technique. Compared to bulk PZT ceramics, the main limiting features at different scales are porosity, interfaces, and bending issues. The microstructural analysis of the interfaces in the cantilever has highlighted the formation of an interface between the substrate and the bottom electrode which ensures cohesion of the structure but can limit its dynamic. Bending has shown to be dependent on the thickness of the active piezoelectric layer. Dielectric and electromechanical characterizations performed on multilayers, bulk ceramics, and free‐standing screen‐printed disks are compared and discussed on the basis of interface issues.
Structural modifications of soda‐lime silicate glasses using femtosecond pulse‐laser irradiation
Authors: Locker Sean , Clark Jennifer A. , Sundaram S.K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFemtosecond pulse laser radiation (250 fs, 1030 nm) of alkali and alkaline earth modified soda‐lime silicate (SLS) glasses resulted in densification. The degree of density changes depends on pulse energy and glass‐network connectivity. Raman spectroscopy study of the high‐frequency region (800‐1200 cm−1) confirmed that surface densification was the result of interatomic changes in the distribution of silicon‐nonbridging oxygen (NBO) bond lengths and Si‐O‐Si bond angle distribution (BAD). Modifier valency contributes to structural rigidity and the degree of disorder a glass can incur during the deposition of high‐energy laser pulses. Varying soda content caused larger shift in the laser modified Q3 band position and width compared to the calcium modified system. Increasing laser fluence was found to affect the position of Q3 Si‐O stretching mode as well as the band width, indicating the increased degree of disorder laser pulses induce. These results underscore the role of modifier ions in the laser‐induced densification of the SLS glasses.
Ultrasonic‐assisted chitin nanoparticle and its application as saltiness enhancer
Authors: Somsak Prachern , Sriwattana Sujinda , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis study was performed to evaluate some physical properties and potential application as saltiness enhancer of ultrasonic‐assisted chitin nanoparticle prepared from shrimp shell (CSh) and/or squid pen (CSq). α‐chitin and β‐chitin were isolated, respectively, from shrimp shell and squid pen, and subjected to ultrasonication to obtain chitin nanoparticle. The ultrasonication time was varied at 30, 45 and 60 min, resulting in different sizes (diameter, nm) of chitin nanoparticle as follows: 41.33, 35.00 and 32.67, respectively, for CSh, while 50.67, 43.83 and 42.60, respectively, for CSq. The zeta potentials of CSh and CSq corresponding to the ultrasonication time were −31.37, −33.47 and −33.82 mV, and −29.81, −29.99 and −30.67 mV, respectively. Based on FTIR, ultrasonication time had negligible effects on chitin nanoparticle chemical structure. Results from sensory descriptive analysis showed that as ultrasonication time increased, saltiness intensity of chitin nanoparticle increased. CSh/CSq nanoparticle can potentially serve as a saltiness enhancer.
Effects of direct current magnetic field treatment time on the properties of pork myofibrillar protein
Authors: Yang Kun , Wang Huiling , Huang Jin , Wu Di , Zhao Manman , Ma Jing , Sun Weiqing 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis study investigated the effects of direct current magnetic field (DC‐MF) treatment time (1, 3, 5, 8 h) on properties of porcine myofibrillar protein (MP). Gel water‐holding capacity increased from 83.40% to 87.20% when DC‐MF‐treatment time changed from 1‐h to 8‐h. The 3‐h treatment time of DC‐MF was found to promote MP unfolding, rearrangement and aggregation, leading to the loss of total sulfhydryl, the increase of reactive sulfhydryl, surface hydrophobicity, turbidity as well as the formation of MP clusters and the greater degree of crosslinking as compared with 0‐h treatment, thus a firmer and more ordered MP gel network for trapping more water. However, excessive DC‐MF treatment (8‐h) weakened DC‐MF effect on MP aggregation as well as gel network and texture. This study has shed light on the effects of DC‐MF treatment time on MP properties and provides useful information for the application of DC‐MF in the food industry.
Comparative sequencing data analysis of Ion Torrent and MinION sequencing platforms using a clinical diagnostic haematology panel
Authors: Singh Aditya , Bhatia Prateek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionCurrently, two second‐generation sequencing platforms‐Ion Torrent and Illumina are being widely used for clinical testing and reporting of human samples. However, third‐generation long read platforms like single molecule (PacBio) or direct sequencing (Nanopore) are gaining widespread interest in clinical genomics.Aims and ObjectivesThe current study attempts to analyse and compare MinION sequencing data with Ion Torrent data, using a haematology ampliseq panel, to shed light on its current standing in reporting of clinical diagnostic samples.MethodologyA custom targeted Next‐generation sequencing ampliseq panel comprising of 33 genes related to detection of inherited bone marrow failure syndrome cases was used to sequence five samples on both Ion Torrent and Oxford MinION platforms. The resulting data were analysed for output, quality and variant metrics across both platforms independently.ResultsOverall, MinION produced longer reads (range 108‐7227 bp) than Ion Torrent (25‐580 bp). Moreover, it generated more reads than Ion Torrent in high %GC content (P < .005) or repeat regions. But Ion Torrent had much lower error rate of 1.59% compared with MinION's 20.31%. Despite high error, MinION platform was able to identify and report the pathogenic variant in all samples.Discussion and ConclusionThe extremely long read lengths of MinION sequencers and better coverage in difficult to sequence regions give it an edge in generating contig free whole‐genome sequences. However, the pore technology and chemistry of MinION needs further tuning to reduce error rate before it can be incorporated for clinical testing and reporting of human samples.
Enhanced silk yield in transgenic silkworm (Bombyx mori) via ectopic expression of BmGT1‐L in the posterior silk gland
Authors: Tang X. , Liu H. , Shi Z. , Chen Q. , Kang X. , Wang Y. , Zhao P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe silkworm is an economically important insect producing plentiful silk fibre in the silk gland. In this study, we reported a cross‐talk between the fat body, silk gland and midgut through a glycine‐serine biosynthetic pathway in the silkworm. Amino acid sequence and functional domains of glycine transporter gene BmGT1‐L were mapped. Our results indicated that BmGT1‐L was specifically expressed in the midgut microvilli and persistently expressed during the feeding stages. RNA interference of BmGT1‐L activated glycine biosynthesis, and BmGT1‐L overexpression facilitated serine biosynthesis in the BmN4‐SID1 cell. In addition, silkworms after FibH gene knock‐out or silk gland extirpation showed markedly decreased BmGT1‐L transcripts in the midgut and disturbed glycine‐serine biosynthesis as silk yield decreased. Finally, BmGT1‐L ectopic expression in the posterior silk gland promoted glycine biosynthesis, and enhanced silk yield via increasing fibroin synthesis. These results suggested that cross‐talk between tissues can be used for enhancing silk yield in the silkworm.
Functional divergence of white genes in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata revealed by RNA interference
Authors: Xu P. , Ze L.‐J. , Kang W.‐N. , Wu J.‐J. , Jin L. , Anjum A. A. , Li G.‐Q. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHenosepilachna vigintioctopunctata is a serious pest of Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae in many Asian countries. RNA interference (RNAi) can effectively reduce transcript abundance in this beetle, offering opportunities to explore the biological function of specific genes. The white gene encodes a half‐type ATP‐binding cassette transporter that plays an essential role in tryptophan, guanine and uric acid transport across membranes. Mutations that disrupt the function of white are known to cause eye pigmentation phenotypes in many insect species. Here, we found evidence for five white gene paralogues present in H. vigintioctopunctata transcriptome datasets sequenced from a range of developmental stages. We individually knocked down each of the five white genes through the injection of corresponding double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) to the fourth‐instar larvae to determine whether functional divergence has occurred. We found that injecting 1 μg dswhite3 caused compound eye colour of pupae and adults to develop as red/brown and brown, respectively, compared with black eyes in control beetles. Injection of 2 μg dswhite3 increased RNAi efficacy and produced a clearer eye colour phenotype. At both doses, the ocular diaphragm (a ring of black pigment surrounding each eye) did not change in the white3 RNAi hypomorphs. Moreover, our data revealed that injection of dswhite2 at the fourth‐instar larval stage impaired the climbing ability of both male and female adults. Our results confirmed, for the first time, functional divergence of duplicated white genes in an insect species.
Topological controls on aluminosilicate glass dissolution: Complexities induced in hyperalkaline aqueous environments
Authors: Oey Tandré , La Plante Erika Callagon , Falzone Gabriel , Yang Kai , Wada Akira , Bauchy Mathieu , Bullard Jeffrey W. , Sant Gaurav 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFly ash, an aluminosilicate composite consisting of disordered (major) and crystalline (minor) compounds, is a low‐carbon alternative that can partially replace ordinary portland cement (OPC) in the binder fraction of concrete. Therefore, understanding the reactivity of fly ash in the hyperalkaline conditions prevalent in concrete is critical to predicting concrete's performance; including setting and strength gain. Herein, temporal measurements of the solution composition (using inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry: ICP‐OES) are used to assess the aqueous dissolution rate of monophasic synthetic aluminosilicate glasses analogous to those present in technical fly ashes, under hyperalkaline conditions (10 ≤ pH ≤ 13) across a range of temperatures (25°C ≤ T≤45°C). The dissolution rate is shown to depend on the average number of topological constraints per atom within the glass network (nc, unitless), but this dependence weakens with increasing pH (>10). This is postulated to be on account of: (a) time‐dependent changes in the glass’ surface structure, that is, the number of topological constraints; and/or (b) a change in the dissolution mechanism (eg from network hydrolysis to transport control). The results indicate that the topological description of glass dissolution is most rigorously valid only at very short reaction times (ie at high undersaturations), especially under conditions of hyperalkalinity. These findings provide an improved basis to understand the underlying factors that affect the initial and ongoing reactivity of aluminosilicate glasses such as fly ash in changing chemical environments, for example, when such materials are utilized in cementitious composites.
Influence of Cr3+ on yellowish‐green UC emission and energy transfer of Er3+/Cr3+/Yb3+ tri‐doped zinc silicate glasses
Authors: Dan Ho Kim , Ty Nguyen Minh , Zhou Dacheng , Qiu Jianbei , Phan Anh‐Luan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the influence of Cr3+ on yellowish‐green upconversion (UC) emission and the energy transfer (ET) of Er3+/Cr3+/Yb3+ tri‐doped in SiO2–ZnO–Na2O–La2O3 (SZNL) zinc silicate glasses under excitation of the 980 nm laser diode (LD). The influence of Cr3+ on enhancing the red UC emission of Er3+/Cr3+/Yb3+ tri‐doped in SiO2–ZnO–Na2O–La2O3 zinc silicate glasses under the excitation of 980nm LD was also investigated. The ET processes between Yb3+, Cr3+, and Er3+, together with the combination of Yb3+‐Cr3+‐Er3+, which led to the green UC emission intensity of Er3+/Cr3+/Yb3+ tri‐doped in SiO2–ZnO–Na2O–La2O3 zinc silicate glasses bands centered at ~546 nm have been significantly enhanced. By increasing the concentration of Cr3+ from 0 up to 5 mol.%, we can locate the Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) 1931 (x; y) chromaticity coordinates for UC emissions of Er3+/Cr3+/Yb3+ tri‐doped in the central position of the yellowish‐green color region of CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. Besides, the ET processes between the Yb3+, Cr3+, and Er3+ are also proposed and discussed.
Refreshing doping concept in perovskite piezoceramics: Composite modulation hidden behind lattice substitution
Authors: Yu Xiaole , Hou Yudong , Zhao Haiyan , Fu Jing , Zheng Mupeng , Zhu Mankang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChemical doping is favored by academia as well as industry because of its effectiveness in attuning to the properties of piezoceramics. Although significant progress has been made, few reports have focused on the role and overall effect of substituted ions. Based on the tendency of special crystals such as ZnO toward spontaneous growth, this study applies the concept of composite modulation to conventional doping; the CuO‐modified 0.2Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.8Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3 (PZN‐PZT) system has been used for verification of the proposed method. The results show that copper ions enter the perovskite matrix to specifically replace the zinc ions causing lattice distortion and increasing the rhombohedral phase (RP) content. Furthermore, the substituted zinc ions enter the grain boundaries and grow into a secondary phase ZnO, based on their spontaneous‐growth tendency; the induced heterogeneous interfacial effects lead to refinement of the domain size and enhancement of the interface polarization. The combined effects of the lattice substitution and composite modulation promote a significant improvement in the piezoelectric coefficient of the CuO‐modified PZN‐PZT system compared with its pure counterpart. The dual function of doping demonstrated in this study is expected to further contribute to the preparation and performance improvement of the other piezoelectric composites.