bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First report on the occurrence of a single species cyanobacterial bloom in a lake in Cyprus: Monitoring and treatment with hydrogen peroxide releasing granules
Authors: Keliri Eleni , Paraskeva Christia , Sofokleous Angelos , Sukenik Assaf , Dziga Dariusz , Chernova Ekaterina , Brient Luc , Antoniou Maria G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cyanobacteria are phytoplankton microorganisms, also known as blue-green algae, and an essential component of the food web in all aquatic ecosystems. Excess loads of nutrients into waterbodies can cause their rapid and excessive growth which leads to the formation of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyano-HABs). Toxic species of cyanobacteria genera excrete into the water a broad range of bioactive metabolites, some of which are known as cyanotoxins. These metabolites can negatively affect the ecosystem, and human and animal health in various ways, thus their presence needs to be closely monitored. This study aimed to monitor a lake at the Athalassa National Forest Park in Cyprus, in order to correlate its trophic condition with its water quality characteristics and identify the key environmental variables driving cyanobacteria blooming and their toxicity. In addition, surface water during the blooming period was collected and used in bench-scale experiments in order to test novel hydrogen peroxide releasing granules as mitigation processes for cyano-HABs.Results: The monitoring lasted throughout 2019 with ten sampling events taking place during this period. Samples were mainly analyzed for phytoplankton community, and various physicochemical parameters: pH, conductivity, salinity, total and dissolved nutrients. Obtained data indicated that cyanobacteria blooming lasted for four months (June – September), while microscopic observation of preserved samples showed that 99% of the phytoplankton biovolume was attributed to a single picocyanobacterial species, the Merismopedia sp. Select samples were analysed for the presence of toxins genes with positive results mainly for mcyB and mcyE genes. Further analysis with HPLC MS/MS, revealed that cyanotoxins’ concentration was lower than the method detection limit - MDL (<2-6 ng/L). Conclusion: The present study highlights the importance of monitoring several water characteristics to conclude on the main drivers of a bloom and its toxicity. The findings demonstrated that it is not enough to test cyanotoxin genes as indicator of their presence since, in case of mono-domination, cyanobacteria may not be active on producing the toxins. Treatment experiments of contaminated water indicated that slow realizing peroxide granules may be an alternative to hydrogen peroxide. Treatment with CaO2 granules outperformed MgO2 granules due to higher H2O2 releasing capacity.
A New Method to Detect Gastro-esophageal Reflux in Critically Ill Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Clinical Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Bar-Lavie YARON Phillip , Steinlauf Shirly 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTracheal aspiration of gastric content among mechanically ventilated and tube-fed critically ill patients is of great concern. The mechanism leading to bacterial colonization of the lower respiratory tract in mechanically ventilated patients is tracheal aspiration of oral or gastric contents leading to Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP). VAP is the most common nosocomial infection in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). ICU-VAP generates about half of the cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia. There are various nursing practices available to reduce the rate of aspiration, but their efficacy is limited and they are not strong enough to prevent aspiration and VAP in practice. In this clinical study we used the smARTrack System, by ART MEDICAL, to assess the frequency of gastro-esophageal reflux in 20 ventilated ICU patients and its' correlation to procedures during routine patient care. MethodsThe smARTrack System is comprised of a novel gastric tube and an electronic monitoring console, which contains the system's software. The tube contains a series of bio-impedance sensors that can detect the presence of fluid around them. We conducted a study on 20 ICU ventilated patients at the Rambam Health Care Campus in Haifa, Israel. Reflux events and their duration were recorded when the tube detected gastric content rising above the sensors located at the lower esophageal sphincterResultsOur main findings shows that gastro-esophageal reflux occurs on average three times per hour of mechanical ventilation. We have also recorded three common clinical scenarios that were associated with a high risk of reflux; patient position-change, enteral fluid bolus, tracheal suction and migration of the feeding tube tip during ongoing use. ConclusionsGasto-esophageal reflux is a common event in the ICU as shown by the smARTrack System and may be related to routine patient care procedures. This study provides an important insight into the consequences of these procedures and might suggest ways to further improve them in reducing the rate of gasto-esophageal reflux and the risk of VAP among mechanicaly ventilated ICU patients.https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02705781?term=smARTrack&draw=2&rank=1 registered 11.3.2016
Systematic Analysis of the Lysine Malonylome in Sanghuangporus Sanghuang
Authors: Wang Tong , Wang Guangyuan , Zhang Guoli , Hou Ranran , Zhou Liwei , Tian Xuemei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Sanghuangporus sanghuang is a well-known traditional medicinal mushroom associated with mulberry, which has enormous economic and medical value. Despite being known for many years, proteomics studies of S. sanghuang have not been reported. In this paper, a series of technologies, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) classification technology, malonyl peptide segment enrichment technology and proteomics technology, are combined to study the qualitative analysis of malonylation in S. sanghuang.Results: Strategies for qualitative proteomics included malonyl enrichment and high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In total, 714 malonyl modification sites were matched to 255 different proteins. The analysis indicated that malonyl modifications are involved in a wide range of acellular functions and displayed a distinct subcellular localization.Bioinformatics analysis indicates that malonylated proteins are engaged in different metabolic pathways, including glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; consequently, a total of 26 enzymes related to triterpene and polysaccharide biosynthesis were found to be malonylated.Conclusions: These findings suggest that malonylation is associated with many metabolic pathways, particularly the metabolism of bioactive compounds. This paper provides the first comprehensive survey of malonylation in S. sanghuang.
Accelerometer informed time-energy budgets reveal the importance of temperature to the activity of a wild, arid zone canid
Authors: Tatler Jack , Currie Shannon E. , Cassey Phillip , Scharf Anne K. , Roshier David A. , Prowse Thomas A. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMovement is the major contributor to active energy expenditure in most vertebrates and it is regularly characterised by body acceleration that can be captured by animal-attached accelerometers (ACC). Overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) is a metric derived from ACC data, which can be used as a proxy for energy expenditure over fine time scales. MethodsHere, we used ACC and GPS data collected from free-ranging dingoes in central Australia to investigate their activity-specific energetics, and activity patterns through time and space. We classified dingo activity into stationary, walking, and running behaviours, and estimated daily energy expenditure via activity-specific time-energy budgets. We tested whether dingoes behaviourally thermoregulate by modelling ODBA as a function of ambient temperature (Ta) during the day and night. We used traditional distance measurements (GPS) as well as fine-scale activity (ODBA) data to assess their daily movement patterns.ResultsWe retrieved ACC and GPS data from seven dingoes. Their mass-specific daily energy expenditure was significantly lower in summer (288 kJ kg-1 day-1) than winter (495 kJ kg-1 day-1; p = 0.03). Overall, dingoes were much less active during summer where 91% of their day was spent stationary in contrast to just 46% during winter. There was a sharp decrease in ODBA with increasing ambient temperature during the day (R2 = 0.59), whereas ODBA increased with increasing Ta at night (R2 = 0.39). Distance and ODBA were positively correlated (R = 0.65) and produced similar crepuscular patterns of activity.ConclusionOur results indicated solar radiation and ambient temperature drove the behaviour of dingoes. Seasonal differences of daily energy expenditure (DEE) in free-ranging eutherian mammals have been found in several species, though this was the first time it has been observed in a wild canid. The negative relationship between dingo activity (ODBA) and Ta during the day implies that high heat gain from solar radiation is a factor limiting diurnal dingo activity in an arid environment.
Synergistic Effect of Autophagy Inhibitor Si-beclin1 Combined With the Doxorubicin Nano-delivery System Against Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hu Chuling , Gu Fenfen , Gao Yuan , Gong Chunai , Xia Qingming , Gao Shen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Apoptosis tolerance is an important mechanism of tumor resistance in tumor therapy. Autophagy can prevent apoptosis induced by antitumor drugs and promote tumor resistance. The purpose of the presentn study was to improve the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs and enhance the efficacy by inhibiting autophagy. In the present study, hydrophobic doxorubicin-hydrazone-caproyl-maleimide (DOX-EMCH) and autophagy-inhibitory si-Beclin1 were simultaneously delivered via the amphiphilic peptide micelle system(Co-MPs) using ploy(L-arginine)-poly(L-histidine)-DOX-EMCH as the copolymer building unit. It was found that the constructed micelle system promoted the escape of si-Beclin1 from endosomes and the release of DOX into the nucleus and the Co-MPs exhibited 2.7–fold higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis, in PC3 cells than DOX treatment alone did, which demonstrates the si-Beclin1 inhibited the autophagy activity of prostate cancer (PCa) cells by targeting the type III PI3K pathway and improve the sensitivity to the chemotherapy drug DOX. In addition, the peptide micelles successfully targeted DOX and si-Beclin1 passively to the tumor tissue. Compared with DOX or si-Beclin1 treatment alone, the Co-MPs showed a 3.4-fold greater tumor inhibition in vivo, which demonstrated a synergistic anti-proliferative effect in vivo. Our results suggest that the Co-MPs developed in this study may prove to be a promising combination method to provide autophagy inhibition and chemotherapy in cancer treatment, especially for PCa.
Treatment of Old Vertebral Compression Fracture With Kyphosis by Different Reconstruction Methods: a Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Ye Han , Xiaodong Wang , Jincheng Wu , Hanpeng Xu , Zepei Zhang , Kepeng Li , Yang Song , Jun Miao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: In repair of vertebral compression fractures, there is a lack of effective biomechanical verification as to whether only half of the vertebral body and the upper and lower intervertebral discs has any effect on spinal biomechanics; there also remains debate as to the appropriate length of fixation.Methods: A model of old vertebral compression fractures with kyphosis was established based on CT data. Vertebral column resection (VCR) and posterior unilateral vertebral resection and reconstruction (PUVCR) were performed at T12; long- and short-segment fixation methods were applied, and we analyzed biomechanical changes after surgery.Results: Range of motion (ROM) decreased in all fixed models, with lumbar VCR decreasing the most and short posterior unilateral vertebral resection and reconstruction (SPUVCR) decreasing the least; in the long posterior unilateral vertebral resection and reconstruction (LPUVCR) model, the internal fixation system produced the maximum VMS stress of 213.25 MPa in a lateral bending motion, and a minimum stress of 40.22 MPa in a lateral bending motion in the SVCR.Conclusion: There was little difference in thoracolumbar ROM between PUVCR and VCR models, while thoracolumbar ROM was smaller in long-segment fixation than in short-segment fixation. In all models, the VMS was greatest at the screw-rod junction and greatest at the ribcage–vertebral body interface, which partly explains the high probability of internal fixation failure and prosthesis migration in these two positions.
Mismatch Between Proximal Rod Contour Angle and Proximal Junctional Angle: A Risk Factor Associated with Proximal Junctional Kyphosis After Growing Rods Treatment for Early-Onset Scoliosis
Authors: Yang Bo , Xu Liang , Qiu Yong , Wang Muyi , Du Changzhi , Wang Bin , Zhu Zezhang , Sun Xu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Study Design: A retrospective studyObjectives: To investigate the impact of radiological and surgical factors as well as proximal rod contouring angle (PRCA) on the development of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) in early-onset scoliosis(EOS) patients after growing rod (GR) treatment.Methods: We reviewed a consecutive series of EOS patients who had undergone growing rod (GR) treatment between 2009 and 2018 (minimum follow-up of 2 years) at a single institution. Patients were divided into PJK and non-PJK groups according to the occurrence of PJK or not during the follow-up periods. The demographic data, surgical strategies, and radiographic parameters were recorded and compared between the PJK and non-PJK groups. PJK was defined as a PJA＞10° at the last follow-up. PRCA was defined as the angle between the cephalad endplate of the UIV and the lower endplate of the second vertebra caudal to UIV and the PJA-PRCA was defined as the difference between the values of PJA and PRCA. Logistic regression was also performed to identify the risk factors for the occurrence of PJK.Results: This study finally included 95 patients. The mean age at the index surgery was 6.5±2.2 years. Mean follow-up lasted 4.4±1.9 years. Lengthening procedures averaged 4.0 ± 1.8 times. There were 20 patients who were observed with PJK (the incidence, 21.1%). In comparison with the non-PJK group, the PJK group showed a larger preoperative coronal cobb angle (81.8±20.6° vs 70.4±12.4°, P=0.041) and global kyphosis (GK) (56.0±15.3° vs. 45.9±12.9°, P=0.044), as well as a larger GK correction (40.4%±10.0% vs. 30.0%±14.2%, P=0.035). In addition, the PJK group had significantly larger postoperative PJA (10.8±3.1 vs. 5.3±3.1, P＜0.001) and greater postoperative PJA-PRCA (5.3±3.0 vs. 3.66±2.9, P=0.031). The proportion of patients with a value of PJA-PRCA greater than 5° in PJK group was significantly higher than that in the non-PJK group. Multiple logistic regression showed that preoperative GK＞50°, postoperative PJA＞10 and postoperative PJA-PRCA＞5° were the risk factors in predicting PJK after GR treatment.Conclusions: More than one-fifth EOS patients experienced PJK after GR treatment. Besides greater preoperative GK and larger postoperative PJA, PJA-PRCA mismatch may be an independent risk factor of PJK occurrence.
Unilateral Versus Bilateral Pedicle Screw Fixation With Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion in the Treatment of Multi-level Degenerative Lumbar Disease: a Prospective Study
Authors: Cai Zecheng , Zhang Jianqun , Yang Shulong , Liu Xiaoyin , Chen Zhen , Ma Rong , Liang Simin , Ding Xiaoli , Ma Zongjun , Wu Peng , Ge Zhaohui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) combined with unilateral (UPSF) and bilateral pedicle screw fixation (BPSF) in the treatment of multi-level degenerative lumbar disease (LDD).Methods: We conducted a prospective study from May 2016 to June 2018. A total of 81 LDD patients were randomized into groups. The first group involving 39 patients received OLIF combined with USPF (UPS group), and the second group of 41 patients received OLIF combined with BPSF (BPS group). The perioperative conditions included intraoperative bleeding, operating time, average hospital stay, and hospitalization expenses. The clinical outcomes included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and complications. Moreover, the radiological outcomes included disc height, fusion rate, and cage subsidence rate. These perioperative conditions, clinical outcomes, and radiological conditions of the two study groups were evaluated and compared. All the patients were followed up for 24 to 28 months, with an average follow-up time of 26 months.Results: The intraoperative bleeding, operating time, and hospitalization expenses of the UPS group were significantly less compared with those of the BPS group. Compared with preoperatively, the VAS and ODI scores of the two groups were improved significantly after the operation. At 6 months after operation, the VAS score for back pain and ODI of the UPS group were better than in the BPS group (P < 0.05). Both groups were able to maintain the intervertebral space height of the fusion segment, and there was no significant difference in the fusion rate at the 24 months. There were no significant differences in complications. At the 24 months, there was no significant difference in the cage subsidence of the fusion segment between the two groups. Finally, there was no loose screw and screw fracture in both groups.Conclusions: OLIF combined with UPSF is an effective and reliable surgical method for the treatment of multilevel LDD.
Is Homogeneous Spinal Cord Shortening and Axial Decompression (HSAD) Superior to Adults in The Treatment of Tethered Syndrome in Children
Authors: Shunmin Wang , Luo Xi , Sun Kai Qiang , Zhu Jian , Zhao Feng , Shi Jian Gang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: Childhood spinal cord syndrome is a refractory and intractable disease, which gradually worsens with developmental symptoms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term surgical effects of HSAD in the treatment of tethered cord syndrome in children and adults. Methods: 50 Patients receiving HSAD tethered from January 2011 to September 2014 included in this study. At least 5 years after follow-up, imaging and clinical data collection. JOA score, VAS score, waist and leg dysfunction index (ODI) score were used to evaluate the patient's neurological function and pain improvement. ICI-Q-SF score, urodynamics, and residual urine volume (B-ultrasound) are used to assess urinary function. The Rintala score is used to assess stool function.Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled and the patients were divided into children group (n=26) and adult group(n=24). JOA improvement rate in children group (54.95%±14.14%vs34.95%±11.82%), maximum urine flow rate improvement value (4.87±5.49vs1.40±1.88) and residual urine volume improvement value (118.46±39.11vs62 .83±59.28) was greater than the adult group, and the postoperative ICIQ-SF score (6.21 ± 4.85vs7.75 ±4.23) was lower than that of the adult group (P <0.05).Conclusion: HSAD can achieve good clinical effects in treating children and adults with tether syndrome. In the long run, it may benefit urinary function, especially in children.
Potential Effects of Angiogenesis-related Factors on the Severity of APAC and Surgical Outcomes of Trabeculectomy
Authors: Wang Jing , Fu Ming-shui , Zhou Min-wen , Ke Bilian , Zhang Zhihua , Xu Xun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. Acute primary angle closure (APAC) caused by an abrupt closure of trabecular meshwork can develop into angle closure glaucoma due to uncontrolled IOP. Under reduced oxygen tension, hypoxia inducible transcription factors will be accumulated. EPO (erythropoietin) and PDGF (platelet derived growth factor) families are thought to be associated with angiogenesis under hypoxic condition.Methods. Concentrations of EPO, PDGF-AA, -BB, -CC and -DD collected in aqueous humor samples were measured. Before operations, correlations between target proteins and IOP were detected between APAC (acute primary angle closure) and cataract patients. Based on the post-operative follow-up, the effects of EPO and PDGF family members on the successful rate of trabeculectomy were tested. Results. The levels of EPO, PDGF-CC and -DD were significantly elevated in the APAC group compared to the cataract group. During the post-operative follow-up, EPO, PDGF-CC and -DD showed significant differences between the success and failure groups. In multivariable linear regression analyses, failed filtration surgery was more likely in APAC eyes with higher EPO level. The Kaplan-Meier survival plot suggested that the success rate in eyes with low EPO level was significantly higher than that in eyes with high EPO level.Conclusion. The levels of EPO, PDGF-CC and -DD were significantly elevated in failure group. EPO level correlated with preoperative IOP and numbers of eyedrops, and higher EPO level in aqueous humor is a risk factor for trabeculectomy failure. It can be a biomarker to estimate the severity of APAC and the success rate of surgery. The investigation of mechanism of EPO in APAC a may have potential clinical applications for the surgical treatment of APAC.
Multi-Carbon Dots and Aptamer Based Signal Amplification Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe for Protein&nbsp;Tyrosine&nbsp;Kinase 7 Detection
Authors: Ma Yunsu , Wang Yuan , Liu Yongjie , Shi Lujia , Yang Dongzhi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK 7) is a membrane receptor, whichcan be found in various kinds of cancers . In view of this, detection of PTK 7 in theperipheral circulation would be an effective way for the early diagnosis of cancer.Results: In this work, a multi carbon dots and aptamer based signal amplificationratiometric fluorescence probe was developed . The fluorescence of the aptamermodified y CDs and b CDs were respectively chosen as the detection signal and interiorlabel The fluorescence of y CDs was quenched by Fe 3 O 4 and cDNA (complement toaptamer) compound without PTK 7 but recovered by the addition of PTK 7. Then, t hefree aptamer was cut by DNase Ⅰ, which amplified the detection signal. The ratiometricfluorescence sensor for PTK 7 was established with the LOD of 0.016 ng mL-1Conclusions: Summary , a multi carbon dots and aptamer based signal amplificationratiometric fluorescence probe was developed for the detection of protein tyrosinekinase 7. The developed probe was applied to PTK 7 detection in MCF 7 cells andhuman serum with satisf ying results, thus indicat ing that this probe ha s huge potentialin clinical practice.