bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of dietary macronutrients with anthropometric changes, using iso-energetic substitution models: Tehran lipid and glucose study
Authors: Hosseini-Esfahani Firoozeh , Koochakpoor Glareh , Mirmiran Parvin , Ebrahimof Samira , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The consequences of optimal dietary macronutrient compositions especially quality of proteins on weight gain still remain controversial. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the iso-energetic substitution of dietary macronutrients in relation to anthropometric changes.

Methods
This prospective study was conducted on 2999 men and 4001 women aged 20–70 years who were followed for 3.6 years. A valid and reliable 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual dietary intakes. Weight (kg) and waist circumference (WC) (cm) changes were calculated by subtracting the weight and WC at baseline from their measurements at follow up. Participants were divided into two groups; those with no change or decrease in weight or WC and those with increase in weight or WC. Dietary macronutrients (percentage of energy) divided by 5 to calculate one unit.

Results
A one unit higher proportion of carbohydrates at the expense of all types of fatty acids was associated with weight loss in men (P < 0.05). A one unit higher proportion of plant proteins at the expense of animal protein (β = − 0.84), non-starch carbohydrates (β = − 0.86), saturated fat (β = − 0.76), mono-unsaturated fat (β = − 0.76) and poly-unsaturated fat (β = − 0.86) was associated with weight loss (P < 0.05). A one unit higher proportion of plant proteins at the expense of animal proteins (OR: 0.49), non-starch carbohydrates (OR: 0.49), saturated fat (OR: 0.49), mono-unsaturated fat (OR: 0.49), and poly-unsaturated fat (OR: 0.48) was associated with a lower risk of increase in WC (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
A higher proportion of dietary plant protein in replacement of simple carbohydrates, fats and animal proteins was associated with a lower increase in weight or WC.
Modulation of liver glucose output by free or restricted feeding in the adult rat is independent of litter size
Authors: Yamada Laís Akemi , Mariano Isabela Ramos , Sabino Vanessa Lara Rissi , Rabassi Renan Soares , Bataglini Camila , Azevedo Silvia Carla Santana Ferreira , Branquinho Nayra Thais Delatorre , Kurauti Mirian Ayumi , Garcia Rosângela Fernandes , Pedrosa Maria Montserrat Diaz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCaloric restriction since birth changes glucose metabolism by the liver in overnight-fasted rats to a fed-like pattern, in which glucose output is large but gluconeogenesis is negligible. It was investigated whether these changes could be a residual effect of the nutritional condition during lactation and what could be the mechanism of such change.MethodsNewbornWistarrat pups were arranged in litters of 6 or 12 (G6 and G12). After weaning, the male pups were divided in: G6L and G12 L, fed freely until the age of 90 days (freely-fed groups); G6R and G12R, given 50% of the GL ingestion (food-restricted groups) until 90 days of age; G6RL and G12RL, given 50% of the GL ingestion until 60 days of age and fed freely until 90 days of age (refed groups). The experimental protocols were carried out at the age of 90 days after overnight fasting. Pairs of groups were compared through t test; other statistical comparisons were made with one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc text.ResultsCaloric restriction was effective in decreasing body and fat weights, total cholesterol and LDL. These effects were totally or partially reversed after 30 days of refeeding (groups GRL). During liver perfusion, the high glucose output of the GRs was further enhanced by adrenaline (1 μM), but not by lactate infusion. In contrast, in groups G6L, G12 L, G6RL and G12RL glycogenolysis (basal and adrenaline-stimulated glucose output) was low and gluconeogenesis from lactate was significant. A twofold increase in liver content of PKA in group G6R suggests that liver sensitivity to glucagon and adrenaline was higher because of caloric restriction, resulting in enhanced glucose output.ConclusionsAs glucose output was not affected by litter size, liver glucose metabolism in the adult rat, in contrast to other metabolic processes, is not a programmed effect of the nutritional condition during lactation. In addition, the increased expression of PKA points to a higher sensitivity of the animals under caloric restriction to glycogenolytic hormones, a relevant condition for glucose homeostasis during fasting.
Role of Nrf2 in inflammatory response in lung of mice exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Sehsah Radwa , Wu Wenting , Ichihara Sahoko , Hashimoto Naozumi , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Zong Cai , Itoh Ken , Yamamoto Masayuki , Elsayed Ahmed Ali , El-Bestar Soheir , Kamel Emily , Ichihara Gaku 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are widely used in many industrial sectors and previous studies have reported that exposure of the lungs to ZnO-NPs induces both acute and/or chronic pulmonary inflammation, but the exact mechanism underlying such response remains elusive. This study investigated the role of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) in pulmonary inflammation induced by exposure to ZnO-NPs using Nrf2 null (Nrf2−/−) mice.MethodsTwenty-four maleNrf2−/−mice and thirty male wild type C57BL/6 J mice were divided into three groups of eight and ten each respectively, and exposed once to ZnO-NPs at 0, 10, 30 μg/mouse by pharyngeal aspiration. At 14 days after the exposure to ZnO-NPs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were collected to quantify protein level and the number of inflammatory cells. The mRNA levels ofNrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue were measured.ResultsExposure to ZnO-NPs dose-dependently increased the number of total cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils in BALF both inNrf2−/−mice and wild type mice, but the magnitude of increase was significantly higher inNrf2−/−mice than wild type mice. The number of neutrophils in BALF increased inNrf2−/−mice, being accompanied by marginal trend of increase in mRNA expression ofMIP-2, neutrophil chemoattractant, but such changes were not observed in wild type mice. Exposure to ZnO-NPs did not dose-dependently increase mRNA level ofNrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes both inNrf2−/−mice and wild type mice.ConclusionPharyngeal aspiration of ZnO-NPs induced infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung of mice, but minimally inducedNrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes. The results suggest thatNrf2play a role in negative regulation on ZnO-NP exposure-induced neutrophil migration, but does not demonstrate that the regulation is through suppression of oxidative stress.
Blocking and re-arrangement of pots in greenhouse experiments: which approach is more effective?
Authors: Hartung Jens , Wagener Juliane , Ruser Reiner , Piepho Hans-Peter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Observations measured in field and greenhouse experiments always contain errors. These errors can arise from measurement error, local or positional conditions of the experimental units, or from the randomization of experimental units. In statistical analysis errors can be modelled as independent effects or as spatially correlated effects with an appropriate variance–covariance structure. Using a suitable experimental design, a part of the variance can be captured through blocking of the experimental units. If experimental units (e.g. pots within a greenhouse) are mobile, they can be re-arranged during the experiment. This re-arrangement enables a separation of variation due to time-invariant position effects and variation due to the experimental units. If re-arrangement is successful, the time-invariant positional effect can average out for experimental units moved between different positions during the experiment. While re-arrangement is commonly done in greenhouse experiments, data to quantify its usefulness is limited.

Results
A uniformity greenhouse experiment with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to compare re-arrangement of pots with a range of designs under fixed-position arrangement showed that both methods can reduce the residual variance and the average standard error of a difference. All designs with fixed-position arrangement, which accounted for the known north–south gradient in the greenhouse, outperformed re-arrangement. An α-design with block size four performed best across seven plant growth traits.

Conclusion
Blocking with a fixed-position arrangement was more efficient in improving precision of greenhouse experiments than re-arrangement of pots and hence can be recommended for comparable greenhouse experiments.
Evaluation of methanol content of illegal beverages using GC and an easier modified Chromotropic acid method; a cross sectional study
Authors: Zamani Nasim , Rafizadeh Ali , Hassanian-Moghaddam Hossein , Akhavan-Tavakoli Alireza , Ghorbani-Samin Mahdi , Akhgari Maryam , Shariati Shahab 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Methanol is highly toxic to human beings and naturally exists in some beverages. Having access to an easy and cheap method for its determination is of great importance to increase the safety of use of these beverages. Our main aim is to evaluate methanol concentration of some alcoholic beverages in Iran black market and compare it with the European and US standards. Also, we evaluated the efficacy of a newly designed and produced chemical kit in determining the risk of methanol toxicity by drinking of such samples compared to gas chromatography method.

Methods
Methanol content of suspected alcoholic beverages referred to forensic toxicology laboratory, Guilan province, Iran was measured using gas chromatography and a recently designed kit based on modified colorimetric chromotropic acid method.

Results
Of 1221 samples, 145 (11.9%) had no ethanol content, while in three samples (0.25%), methanol was high enough (700,000; 870,000; 920,000 mg/L) to cause severe methanol toxicity. Median [IQR] ethanol content of the suspected samples was 9% [3.7, 32.75]. Methanol was detected in 128 (10.48%) samples using gas chromatography method and 160 samples (13.1%) with designed kit with 100% sensitivity, 97.07% specificity, and 100% negative-predictive-value.

Conclusions
Alcoholic beverages produced in local black market in Iran are not safe at all. The application of the new method is practical, rapid, easy, and accurate to evaluate the risk of methanol toxicity in suspected alcoholic drinks.
The preliminary results of proton and carbon ion therapy for chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the skull base and cervical spine
Authors: Guan Xiyin , Gao Jing , Hu Jiyi , Hu Weixu , Yang Jing , Qiu Xianxin , Hu Chaosu , Kong Lin , Lu Jiade J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the short-term outcomes in terms of tumor control and toxicity of patients with skull base or cervical spine chordoma and chondrosarcoma treated with intensity-modulated proton or carbon-ion radiation therapy.

Methods
Between 6/2014 and 7/2018, a total of 91 patients were treated in our Center. The median age was 38 (range, 4–70) years. Forty-six (50.5%) patients were treated definitively for their conditions as initial diagnosis, 45 (49.5%) patients had recurrent tumors including 14 had prior radiotherapy. The median gross tumor volume was 37.0 (range, 1.6–231.7) cc. Eight patients received proton therapy alone, 28 patients received combined proton and carbon ion therapy, 55 patients received carbon-ion therapy alone.

Results
With a median follow-up time of 28 (range, 8–59) months, the 2-year local control (LC), progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates was 86.2, 76.8, and 87.2%, respectively. Those rates for patients received definitive proton or carbon-ion therapy were 86.7, 82.8, and 93.8%, respectively. On multivariate analyses, tumor volume of > 60 cc was the only significant factor for predicting PFS (p = 0.045), while re-irradiation (p = 0.012) and tumor volume (> vs < 60 cc) (p = 0.005) were significant prognosticators for OS. Grade 1–2 late toxicities were observed in 11 patients, and one patient developed Grade 3 acute mucositis.

Conclusions
Larger tumor volume and re-irradiation were related to inferior survival for this group of patients. Further follow-up is needed for long-term efficacy and safety.
Evaluation of the efficacy of prophylactic extended field irradiation in the concomitant chemoradiotherapy treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer, stage IIIB in the 2018 FIGO classification
Authors: Meng Qingyu , Liu Xiaoliang , Wang Weiping , Hou Xiaorong , Lian Xin , Sun Shuai , Yan Junfang , Liu Zhikai , Miao Zheng , Hu Ke , Zhang Fuquan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The new staging system of cervical cancer issued in 2018 by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO), calls for a new evaluation of the efficacy of prophylactic extended field irradiation (EFI) in the concomitant chemoradiotherapy/brachytherapy treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer patients (stage IIIB).

Methods
We performed a retrospective study consisting of 133 FIGO IIIB cervical cancer patients treated in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2002 to 2010. The patients were distributed in two groups depending whether they were treated with EFI or pelvic only irradiation. The therapeutic efficacy, toxicity and prognostic factors of EFI were evaluated in the frame of the new FIGO staging system.

Results
When compared to patients who received pelvic only irradiation, patients who received prophylactic EFI showed significantly less distant metastasis and a significant improvement in their 5 years overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), out of field recurrence free survival (OFRFS) and para-aortic lymph node metastasis free survival (PALNMFS). Multivariate analysis revealed that EFI is an independent prognosis factor for DFS, OFRFS and PALNMFS. Finally, although more acute complications were observed in the EFI group, there is no significantly worst acute toxicity in the EFI group.

Conclusion
Our retrospective analysis supports the prophylactic effect of EFI in the concomitant chemoradiotherapy treatment of IIIB patients and suggests that this prophylactic effect is associated with a clear improvement in 5-years OS, DFS, OFRFS and PALNMFS. Consequently, EFI appears to be a very valid treatment option for FIGO IIIB cervical cancer patients.
Association between the location of transposed ovary and ovarian dose in patients with cervical cancer treated with postoperative pelvic radiotherapy
Authors: Lv Xiao-juan , Cheng Xiao-long , Tu Ye-qiang , Yan Ding-ding , Tang Qiu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and purpose
How to protect the ovarian function during radiotherapy is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between the location of the transposed ovary and the ovarian dose in patients with cervical cancer received radical hysterectomy, ovarian transposition, and postoperative pelvic radiotherapy.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted of 150 young patients with cervical cancer who received radical hysterectomy, intraoperative ovarian transposition, and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. Association between location of the transposed ovaries and ovarian dose was evaluated. The transposed position of ovaries with a satisfactory dose was explored using a receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Patients’ ovarian function was followed up 3 months and 1 year after radiotherapy.

Results
A total of 32/214 (15%) transposed ovaries were higher than the upper boundary of the planning target volume (PTV). The optimum cutoff value of > 1.12 cm above the iliac crest plane was significantly associated with ovaries above the upper PTV boundary. When the ovaries were below the upper boundary of PTV, the optimum cutoff value of transverse distance > 3.265 cm between the ovary and PTV was significantly associated with ovarian max dose (Dmax) ≤ 4Gy, and the optimum cutoff value of transverse distance > 2.391 cm was significantly associated with ovarian Dmax≤5Gy. A total of 77 patients had received complete follow-up, and 56 patients (72.7%) showed preserved ovarian function 1 year after radiotherapy, which was significantly increased compared with 3 months (44.2%) after radiotherapy.

Conclusions
The location of transposed ovaries in patients with cervical cancer is significantly correlated with ovarian dose in adjuvant radiotherapy. We recommend transposition of ovaries > 1.12 cm higher than the iliac crest plane to obtain ovarian location above PTV. When the transposed ovary is below the upper boundary of PTV, ovarian Dmax ≤4Gy may be obtained when the transverse distance between the ovary and PTV was > 3.265 cm, and the ovarian Dmax≤5Gy may be obtained when the transverse distance was > 2.391 cm.
Highlighting the gaps in quantifying the economic burden of surgical site infections associated with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria
Authors: Iskandar Katia , Sartelli Massimo , Tabbal Marwan , Ansaloni Luca , Baiocchi Gian Luca , Catena Fausto , Coccolini Federico , Haque Mainul , Labricciosa Francesco Maria , Moghabghab Ayad , Pagani Leonardo , Hanna Pierre Abi , Roques Christine , Salameh Pascale , Molinier Laurent 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAntibiotics are the pillar of surgery from prophylaxis to treatment; any failure is potentially a leading cause for increased morbidity and mortality. Robust data on the burden of SSI especially those due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) show variable rates between countries and geographical regions but accurate estimates of the incidence of surgical site infections (SSI) due to AMR and its related global economic impact are yet to be determined. Quantifying the burden of SSI treatment is an incentive to sensitize governments, healthcare systems, and the society to invest in quality improvement and sustainable development. However in the absence of a unified epidemiologically sound infection definition of SSI and a well-designed global surveillance system, the end result is a lack of accurate and reliable data that limits the comparability of estimates between countries and the possibility of tracking changes to inform healthcare professionals about the appropriateness of implemented infection prevention and control strategies. This review aims to highlight the reported gaps in surveillance methods, epidemiologic data, and evidence-based SSI prevention practices and in the methodologies undertaken for the evaluation of the economic burden of SSI associated with AMR bacteria. If efforts to tackle this problem are taken in isolation without a global alliance and data is still lacking generalizability and comparability, we may see the future as a race between the global research efforts for the advancement in surgery and the global alarming reports of the increased incidence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens threatening to undermine any achievement.
Autologous bone marrow expanded mesenchymal stem cells in patellar tendinopathy: protocol for a phase I/II, single-centre, randomized with active control PRP, double-blinded clinical trial
Authors: Rodas Gil , Soler Robert , Balius Ramón , Alomar Xavier , Peirau Xavier , Alberca Mercedes , Sánchez Ana , Sancho Javier García , Rodellar Clementina , Romero Antonio , Masci Lorenzo , Orozco Lluís , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Patellar tendon overuse injuries are common in athletes. Imaging may show a change in tissue structure with tendon thickening and disruption of the intratendinous substance. We wish to test the hypothesis that both autologous bone marrow expanded mesenchymal stem cells and autologous leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP) implanted into the area of the disrupted tendinopathic patellar tendon will restore function, but tendon regeneration tissue will only be observed in the subjects treated with autologous bone marrow expanded mesenchymal stem cells.

Methods and analysis
This is a single-centre, pilot phase I/II, double-blinded clinical trial with randomisation with active control. Twenty patients with a diagnosis of patellar tendinopathy with imaging changes (tendon thickening and disruption of the intratendinous substance at the proximal portion of the patellar tendon) will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive a local injection of either bone-marrow autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), isolated and cultured under GMP at The Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM) (Spain) or P-PRP. The study will have two aims: first, to ascertain whether a clinically relevant improvement after 3, 6 and 12 months according to the visual analogue scale (VAS), Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment for patellar tendons (VISA-P) and dynamometry scales (DYN) will be achieved; and second, to ascertain whether the proposed intervention will restore tendon structure as determined by ultrasonography (US), Doppler ultrasonography (DUS), and innovative MRI and ultrasound techniques: Magnetic Resonance T2 FAT SAT (UTE, Ultrashort Echo TE) sequence and Ultrasound Tissue Characterization (UTC). Patients who are randomised to the P-PRP treatment group but do not achieve a satisfactory primary endpoint after 6 months will be offered treatment with MSC.

Trial registration
NCT03454737.
Histopathological features of condylar hyperplasia and condylar Osteochondroma: a comparison study
Authors: Yu Jingshuang , Yang Tong , Dai Jiewen , Wang Xudong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Both mandibular condylar hyperplasia and condylar osteochondroma can lead to maxillofacial skeletal asymmetry and malocclusion, although they exhibit different biological behavior. This study attempted to compare the histological features of mandibular condylar hyperplasia and condylar osteochondroma using hematoxylin-and-eosin (H&E) staining, and immunohistochemistry staining of PCNA and EXT1 with quantitative analysis method.

Results
The H&E staining showed that condylar hyperplasia and condylar osteochondroma could be divided into four histological types and exhibited features of different endochondral ossification stages. There was evidence of a thicker cartilage cap in condylar osteochondroma as compared condylar hyperplasia (P = 0.018). The percentage of bone formation in condylar osteochondroma was larger than was found in condylar hyperplasia (P = 0.04). Immunohistochemical staining showed that PCNA was mainly located in the undifferentiated mesenchymal layer and the hypertrophic cartilage layer, and there were more PCNA positive cells in the condylar osteochondroma (P = 0.007). EXT1 was mainly expressed in the cartilage layer, and there was also a higher positive rate of EXT1 in condylar osteochondroma (P = 0.0366). The thicker cartilage cap, higher bone formation rate and higher PCNA positive rate indicated a higher rate of proliferative activity in condylar osteochondroma. The more significant positive rate of EXT1 in condylar osteochondroma implied differential biological characteristic as compared to condylar hyperplasia.

Conclusions
These features might be useful in histopathologically distinguishing condylar hyperplasia and osteochondroma.