bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On abstraction: decoupling conceptual concreteness and categorical specificity
Authors: Bolognesi Marianna , Burgers Christian , Caselli Tommaso 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConceptual concreteness and categorical specificity are two continuous variables that allow distinguishing, for example, justice (low concreteness) from banana (high concreteness) and furniture (low specificity) from rocking chair (high specificity). The relation between these two variables is unclear, with some scholars suggesting that they might be highly correlated. In this study, we operationalize both variables and conduct a series of analyses on a sample of > 13,000 nouns, to investigate the relationship between them. Concreteness is operationalized by means of concreteness ratings, and specificity is operationalized as the relative position of the words in the WordNet taxonomy, which proxies this variable in the hypernym semantic relation. Findings from our studies show only a moderate correlation between concreteness and specificity. Moreover, the intersection of the two variables generates four groups of words that seem to denote qualitatively different types of concepts, which are, respectively, highly specific and highly concrete (typical concrete concepts denoting individual nouns), highly specific and highly abstract (among them many words denoting human-born creation and concepts within the social reality domains), highly generic and highly concrete (among which many mass nouns, or uncountable nouns), and highly generic and highly abstract (typical abstract concepts which are likely to be loaded with affective information, as suggested by previous literature). These results suggest that future studies should consider concreteness and specificity as two distinct dimensions of the general phenomenon called abstraction.
Decrypting the crosstalk of noncoding RNAs in the progression of IPF
Authors: Wang Yujuan , Xiao Han , Zhao Fenglian , Li Han , Gao Rong , Yan Bingdi , Ren Jin , Yang Junling 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an agnogenic, rare, and lethal disease, with high mortality and poor prognosis and a median survival time as short as 3 to 5 years after diagnosis. No effective therapeutic drugs are still not available not only in clinical practice, but also in preclinical phases. To better and deeper understand pulmonary fibrosis will provide more effective strategies for therapy. Mounting evidence suggests that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their interactions may contribute to lung fibrosis; however, the mechanisms underlying their roles are largely unknown. In this review, we systematically summarized the recent advances regarding the crucial roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) and crosstalk among them in the development of IPF. The perspective for related genes was well highlighted. In summary, ncRNA and their interactions play a key regulatory part in the progression of IPF and are bound to provide us with new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Crowding out the change: business networks and persisting economic elites in the South of Italy over Unification (1840–1880)
Authors: Schisani Maria Carmela , Balletta Luigi , Ragozini Giancarlo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this article, we study the effect of the Unification on the network power of economic elites in the South of Italy. We study the persistence of economic elites as evidence of the stability of the institutional set up beyond the effect of Unification, and thus as a primary explaining factor of the persistence of social forces slowing and opposing modernization. We use original archival data on the universe of Naples enterprises to build the networks of business relations between individual economic actors for the 20-year period immediately before and after Unification. The persistence of network power and its determinants is tested via a difference-in-difference model. The main finding is that economic elites persist over Unification. The long-term business relations, rooted in the Bourbon period, the persisting lobbying power of the financial industry, the close collusive ties with potential foreign competitors and the closeness to politics after 1861 are all elements that explain how the Southern economic elites were able to crowd-out the change.
Nonlinear numerical simulation of punching shear behavior of reinforced concrete flat slabs with shear-heads
Authors: Bompa Dan V. , Elghazouli Ahmed Y. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the structural response of reinforced concrete flat slabs, provided with fully-embedded shear-heads, through detailed three-dimensional nonlinear numerical simulations and parametric assessments using concrete damage plasticity models. Validations of the adopted nonlinear finite element procedures are carried out against experimental results from three test series. After gaining confidence in the ability of the numerical models to predict closely the full inelastic response and failure modes, numerical investigations are carried out in order to examine the influence of key material and geometric parameters. The results of these numerical assessments enable the identification of three modes of failure as a function of the interaction between the shear-head and surrounding concrete. Based on the findings, coupled with results from previous studies, analytical models are proposed for predicting the rotational response as well as the ultimate strength of such slab systems. Practical recommendations are also provided for the design of shear-heads in RC slabs, including the embedment length and section size. The analytical expressions proposed in this paper, based on a wide-ranging parametric assessment, are shown to offer a more reliable design approach in comparison with existing methods for all types of shear-heads, and are suitable for direct practical application.
A bibliometric overview of WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs since its inception in 2002
Authors: Sahoo Satya , Schönborn Alessandro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article provides a reflection on the original aims of WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JOMA) and its achievements over its 17 years of existence. JOMA has been a central medium for research and international dialogues for issues relating to the global maritime field. It has pursued a philosophy of aiming to provide a wide range of professionals in the maritime fields and to offer a fair representation of various research areas and to promote interdisciplinarity in research. JOMA has evolved in a rapidly changing world of maritime affairs, which witnesses major global challenges on the horizon, as represented by the need for the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Bibliometric analyses were used in this article to examine the research output from JOMA in terms of citations, geographic distribution of authorships, and research areas. The ‘moving average of annual citation ratio’ is adopted as a tool to analyse its output and impact on various research areas published in JOMA since its beginning.
Mass-Casualty Distribution for Emergency Healthcare: A Simulation Analysis
Authors: Jat Mohsin Nasir , Rafique Raza Ali 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on the casualty-load distribution problem that arises when a mass casualty incident (MCI) necessitates the engagement of multiple medical facilities. Employing discrete event simulations, the study analyzed different MCI response regimes in Lahore, Pakistan, that vary in terms of the level of casualty-load distribution and the required coordination between the incident site and the responding hospitals. Past terrorist attacks in this major metropolitan area were considered to set up experiments for comparing delays in treatment under the modeled regimes. The analysis highlights that the number of casualties that are allowed to queue up at the nearest hospital before diverting the casualty traffic to an alternate hospital can be an important factor in reducing the overall treatment delays. Prematurely diverting the casualty traffic from the incident site to an alternate hospital can increase the travel time, while a delay in diversion can overload the nearest hospital, which can lead to overall longer waiting times in the queue. The casualty distribution mechanisms based only on the responding hospitals’ available capacity and current load can perform inefficiently because they overlook the trade-off between the times casualties spend in traveling and in queues.
A pan‐cancer integrative pathway analysis of multi‐omics data
Authors: Linder Henry , Zhang Yuping 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundMulti‐view ‐omics datasets offer rich opportunities for integrative analysis across genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic data platforms. Statistical methods are needed to rigorously implement current research on functional biology, matching the complex dynamics of systems genomic datasets.MethodsWe apply imputation for missing data and a structural, graph‐theoretic pathway model to a dataset of 22 cancers across 173 signaling pathways. Our pathway model integrates multiple data platforms, and we test for differential activation between cancerous tumor and healthy tissue populations.ResultsOur pathway analysis reveals significant disturbance in signaling pathways that are known to relate to oncogenesis. We identify several pathways that suggest new research directions, including the Trk signaling and focal adhesion kinase activation pathways in sarcoma.ConclusionsOur integrative analysis confirms contemporary research findings, which supports the validity of our findings. We implement an interactive data visualization for exploration of the pathway analyses, which is available online for public access.
Warum Unreinheit stigmatisiert wird
Authors: Heller Birgit 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung(Un‑)Reinheitsvorstellungen, -vorschriften und -riten finden sich quer durch die Kultur- und Religionsgeschichte. Vorstellungen vom Trennen, Reinigen, Abgrenzen und Bestrafen von Überschreitungen haben v. a. die Funktion, eine spezifische Ordnung zu schaffen und aufrechtzuerhalten. Reinheit symbolisiert Ordnung. Umgekehrt sind Schmutz, Zweideutigkeiten und Anomalien Symbole der Unordnung und rufen Angst hervor. (Un‑)Reinheitsvorschriften dienen der Stabilisierung von Ordnung, zugleich konstituieren sie eine bestimmte soziale Wirklichkeit, indem die Grenzen nach außen und innen geregelt werden (Gläubige/Ungläubige; Kleriker/Laien; Männer/Frauen; Berührbare/Unberührbare usw.). Damit werden soziale Hierarchien geschaffen, wobei einzelne Menschen/Gruppen/Minderheiten, die nicht den Reinheitsnormen entsprechen, stigmatisiert und diskriminiert werden. Allerdings handelt es sich oft um ideale Standards, die nicht immer praktisch umgesetzt werden. Der Körper spielt eine besondere Rolle, weil die Überzeugung universal verbreitet ist, dass insbesondere die Körpergrenzen von Unordnung bedroht sind. Es sind v. a. die Körperöffnungen, die im Fokus stehen, und das, was sie passiert: Körperflüssigkeiten, Sexualsekrete, Blut, Urin und Kot und umgekehrt auch die Nahrung. In vielen Gesellschaften wird der weibliche Körper als anfälliger für Unreinheit betrachtet als der männliche. Da der individuelle Körper ein Modell für den Sozialkörper, die Gesellschaft, bildet, gelten Körperausscheidungen als Gefahren für die soziale Ordnung, die mit der symbolischen (kulturell-religiösen) Ordnung eng verknüpft ist.
Sexual Desire Discrepancy: A Position Statement of the European Society for Sexual Medicine
Authors: Marieke Dewitte , Joana Carvalho , Giovanni Corona , Erika Limoncin , Patricia Pascoal , Yacov Reisman , Aleksandar Štulhofer 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
There is a lack of theoretical and empirical knowledge on how sexual desire functions and interacts in a relationship.

Aim
To present an overview of the current conceptualization and operationalization of sexual desire discrepancy (SDD), providing clinical recommendations on behalf of the European Society of Sexual Medicine.

Methods
A comprehensive Pubmed, Web of Science, Medline, and Cochrane search was performed. Consensus was guided by a critical reflection on selected literature on SDD and by interactive discussions between expert psychologists, both clinicians and researchers.

Main Outcome Measure
Several aspects have been investigated including the definition and operationalization of SDD and the conditions under which treatment is required.

Results
Because the literature on SDD is scarce and complicated, it is precocious to make solid statements on SDD. Hence, no recommendations as per the Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence criteria were possible. However, specific statements on this topic, summarizing the ESSM position, were provided. This resulted in an opnion-based rather than evidence-based position statement. Following suggestions were made on how to treat couples who are distressed by SDD: (i) normalize and depathologize variation in sexual desire; (ii) educate about the natural course of sexual desire; (iii) emphasize the dyadic, age-related, and relative nature of SDD; (iv) challenge the myth of spontaneous sexual desire; (v) promote open sexual communication; (vi) assist in developing joint sexual scripts that are mutually satisfying in addition to search for personal sexual needs; (vii) deal with relationship issues and unmet relationship needs; and (viii) stimulate self-differentiation.

Conclusion
More research is needed on the conceptualization and underlying mechanisms of SDD to develop clinical guidelines to treat couples with SDD.
Relation Between Severity of Coronary Artery Disease and Aorto-Ilio-Pudendal Artery Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease–Associated Vascular Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Sanad Ahmed M. , Younis Soha E. , Oraby Mohamed A. , Hegazy Hesham , El-Sakka Ahmed I. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The angiographically documented association between severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and aorto-ilio-pudendal (A-I-P) artery disease and vascular erectile dysfunction (ED) was not yet settled.

Aim
To assess the relation between angiographically proved CAD and A-I-P artery disease in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD)–associated vascular ED.

Methods
60 men were assigned to 3 study groups: Group 1 (n = 25), patients who had IHD and ED; group 2 (n = 25), patients who had IHD and had no ED; group 3 (n = 10), patients who had ED and had no suspected IHD. All patients were subjected to detailed medical, cardiac, and sexual history. International Index of Erectile Function and penile color Doppler ultrasound were used to assess ED. Quantitative coronary angiography and invasive angiography were used to assess the vascular tree for the right and left (A-I-P) arteries. Endothelial markers, that is, endothelial microparticles and endothelial progenitor cells were also assessed.

Outcomes
The main outcome measures are assessment of ED and angiographically proved CAD and A-I-P artery disease.

Results
The mean age ± SD of the 3 study groups were 50.4 ± 6.6, 51.4 ± 3.9, and 49.9 ± 6.1 years, respectively, with no statistically significant difference among groups (P = .380). There were significant higher rates of left main (LM) lesions (≥50%), CAD (≥70%), right and left internal pudendal artery lesions, and right and left internal iliac artery lesions in G1 in comparison with G2 and G3. Patients with ED alone had a higher rate of peripheral lesions compared with patients with CAD alone. 10 percent of patients with ED alone had CAD. Patients in G1 had notably higher rates of peripheral lesions than the other groups combined Patients with left internal pudendal artery lesions had a chance by 1.25 and 2.11 times to have LM lesions and significant CAD, respectively. There was a significant increase of endothelial microparticles in G1 in comparison with other groups (P &lt; .05).

Clinical Implications
The clinical implications are uses of peripheral angiograghy as a diagnostic tool in patients with CAD-associated vascular ED may have a clinical merit.

Strengths & Limitations
The strengths in the present study are the use of angiography, color Doppler ultrasound, and standardized instruments. The main limitations are the small sample size and lack of intervention and longitudinal data.

Conclusion
ED correlates more with A-I-P vascular lesions compared with CAD alone. There was a statistically significant association between severity of CAD including LM significant lesions and A-I-P arteries disease in patients with CAD-associated vascular ED.
Improving Pediatric Administrative Disaster Preparedness Through Simulated Disaster Huddles
Authors: Gross Isabel T. , Goldberg Scott A. , Whitfill Travis , Liebling Storm , Garcia Angelica , Alfano April , Hasdianda Adrian , Cicero Mark X. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTMembers of an emergency department (ED) staff need to be prepared for mass casualty incidents (MCIs) at all times. Didactic sessions, drills, and functional exercises have shown to be effective, but it is challenging to find time and resources for appropriate training. We conducted brief, task-specific drills (deemed “disaster huddles”) in a pediatric ED (PED) to examine if such an approach could be an alternative or supplement to traditional MCI training paradigms. Over the course of the study, we observed an improving trend in the overall score for administrative disaster preparedness. Disaster huddles may be an effective way to improve administrative disaster preparedness in the PED. Low-effort, low-time commitment education could be an attractive way for further disaster preparedness efforts. Further studies are indicated to show a potential impact on lasting behavior and patient outcomes.
Ready or Not, Patients Will Present: Improving Urban Pandemic Preparedness
Authors: Madad Syra , Moskovitz Joshua , Boyce Matthew R , Cagliuso Nicholas V. , Katz Rebecca 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTOver the past century, society has achieved great gains in medicine, public health, and health-care infrastructure, particularly in the areas of vaccines, antibiotics, sanitation, intensive care and medical technology. Still, despite these developments, infectious diseases are emerging at unprecedented rates around the globe. Large urban centers are particularly vulnerable to communicable disease events, and must have well-prepared response systems, including on the front-line level. In November 2018, the United States’ largest municipal health-care delivery system, New York City Health + Hospitals, hosted a half-day executive-level pandemic response workshop, which sought to illustrate the complexity of preparing for, responding to, and recovering from modern-day infectious diseases impacting urban environments. Attendees were subjected to a condensed, plausible, pandemic influenza scenario and asked to simulate the high-level strategic decisions made by leaders by internal (eg, Chief Medical Officer, Chief Nursing Officer, and Legal Affairs) and external (eg, city, state, and federal public health and emergency management entities) partners across an integrated system of acute, postacute, and ambulatory sites, challenging players to question their assumptions about managing the consequences of a highly pathogenic pandemic.
The Threshold Problem, the Cluster Account, and the Significance of Knowledge
Authors: Immerman Daniel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe threshold problem is the task of adequately answering the question: “Where does the threshold lie between knowledge and lack thereof?” I start this paper by articulating two conditions for solving it. The first is that the threshold be neither too high nor too low; the second is that the threshold accommodate the significance of knowledge. In addition to explaining these conditions, I also argue that it is plausible that they can be met. Next, I argue that many popular accounts of knowledge cannot meet them. In particular, I lay out a number of problems that standard accounts of knowledge face in trying to meet these conditions. Finally, near the end of this paper, I argue that there is one sort of account that seems to evade these problems. This sort of account, which is called a cluster account of knowledge, says that knowledge is to be accounted for in terms of truth, belief and a cluster of epistemic properties and also that knowledge doesn't require having all members of the cluster, but merely some subset.
Use of airborne infection isolation in potential cases of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: England James H. , Byrne Daniel W. , Harris Bryan D. , Talbot Thomas R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:To identify risk factors of patients placed in airborne infection isolation (AII) for possible pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) to better predict TB diagnosis and allow more judicious use of AII.Methods:Case-control, retrospective study at a single tertiary-care academic medical center. The study included all adult patients admitted from October 1, 2014, through October 31, 2017, who were placed in AII for possible pulmonary TB. Cases were defined as those ultimately diagnosed with pulmonary TB. Controls were defined as those not diagnosed with pulmonary TB. Those with TB diagnosed prior to admission were excluded. In total, 662 admissions (558 patients) were included.Results:Overall, 15 cases of pulmonary TB were identified (2.7%); of these, 2 were people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH). Statistical analysis was limited by low case number. Those diagnosed with pulmonary TB were more likely to have been born outside the United States (53% vs 13%; P < .001) and to have had prior positive TB testing, regardless of prior treatment (50% vs 19%; P = .015). A multivariate analysis using non–US birth and prior positive TB testing predicted an 18.2% probability of pulmonary TB diagnosis when present, compared with 1.0% if both factors were not present.Conclusions:The low number of pulmonary TB cases indicated AII overuse, especially in PLWH, and more judicious use of AII is warranted. High-risk groups, including those born outside the United States and those with prior positive TB testing, should be considered for AII in the appropriate clinical setting.
On four measures of taxonomic richness
Authors: Alroy John 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe choice of measures used to estimate the richness of species, genera, or higher taxa is a crucial matter in paleobiology and ecology. This paper evaluates four methods called shareholder quorum subsampling, true richness estimated using a Poisson sampling model (TRiPS), squares, and the corrected first-order jackknife (cJ1). Quorum subsampling interpolates to produce a relative richness estimate, while the other three extrapolate to the size of the overall species pool. Here I use routine ecological data to show that squares and cJ1 pass several basic validation tests, but TRiPS does not. First, TRiPS estimates are insensitive to the shape of abundance distributions, being entirely predicted by total counts of species and of individuals regardless of the details. Furthermore, TRiPS tends not to extrapolate at all when sampling is moderate or intense. Second, all three extrapolators yield lower values when they work with small uniform subsamples of large raw inventories. The third test is a split-analyze-and-sum analysis: each inventory is divided between the most common and least common halves of the abundance distribution, the methods are applied to the half-inventories, and the estimates are summed. Squares and cJ1 perform well here, but TRiPS does not extrapolate as long as the full inventories are reasonably well-sampled. It is otherwise not particularly accurate. The extrapolators are largely insensitive to the influence of abundance distribution evenness, as quantified using Pielou's J and a new index called the ratio of means. Quorum subsampling generally performs well, but it stumbles on the split-analyze-and-sum test and is confounded somewhat by evenness.