bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FOXO3 is targeted by miR-223-3p and promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by enhancing autophagy
Authors: Long Cheng , Cen Shiqiang , Zhong Zhou , Zhou Chang , Zhong Gang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising regenerative medicine. The roles of miRNAs in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) remained less reported. Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the BM-MSCs were measured on 3, 7, and 14 days after osteogenic differentiation. After transfection of FOXO3 overexpression plasmids or siFOXO3 into BM-MSCs, factors related to osteogenic differentiation or cell autophagy were determined. Besides, 3-methyladenine or rapamycin, as well as miR-223-3p mimic or inhibitor were applied to further determine the effect of FOXO3 in BM-MSCs. FOXO3 and ALP levels were increased in a time-dependent manner with osteogenic differentiation, supported by Alizarin Red Staining. Furthermore, up-regulated FOXO3 increased levels of ALP and factors related to osteogenic differentiation by increasing levels of autophagy-related factors. FOXO3, targeted by miR-223-3p, reversed the effects of miR-223-3p on factors related to BM-MSC autophagy and osteogenic differentiation. Down-regulated miR-223-3p expression promoted osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs by enhancing autophagy via targeting FOXO3, suggesting the potential of miR-223-3p as a therapeutic target for enhancing bone functions.
Alexithymia and metabolic syndrome: the mediating role of binge eating
Authors: Conti Chiara , Di Francesco Giulia , Severo Melania , Lanzara Roberta , Richards Katie , Guagnano Maria Teresa , Porcelli Piero 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Alexithymia, a personality trait characterized by difficulties in emotional processing, has been associated with unhealthy behaviors and chronic medical conditions. This study aimed to further develop our understanding of this complex relationship by investigating whether alexithymia increases the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in participants with obesity or overweight through the mediating role of binge eating (BE).

Methods
A consecutive sample of 238 treatment-seeking patients with obesity or overweight were recruited. Alexithymia (TAS-20), binge eating symptoms (BES), body mass index (BMI), and depression and anxiety symptoms (HADS) were concurrently assessed.

Results
Almost half of the participants met the criteria for MetS (44.12%). Compared to patients without MetS, those with MetS were older, had a longer duration of overweight, and had a higher BMI (p < 0.01). Individual with MetS also had higher HADS, BES, and TAS-20 scores, particularly difficulty identifying and describing feelings. The structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that BES levels exerted a significant direct effect on MetS (p < 0.01), and that TAS-20 levels exerted a significant direct effect on BES (p < 0.01), anxiety (p < 0.001) and depression (p < 0.001). Moreover, psychological distress (anxiety, p = 0.01, and depression, p = .05) indirectly affected MetS through the mediating effect of BES, and TAS-20 (p = 0.01) indirectly affected MetS through the mediating effect of HADS and BES. Finally, age had a significant direct effect on MetS (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that alexithymia is a concurrent causative factor to the development of MetS through the mediating role of BE and psychological distress.

Level of evidence
Level III, case–control analytic study.
Smart healthcare solutions using the internet of medical things for hand gesture recognition system
Authors: Mahmoud Nourelhoda M. , Fouad Hassan , Soliman Ahmed M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPatient gesture recognition is a promising method to gain knowledge and assist patients. Healthcare monitoring systems integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm to perform the remote solutions for the acquiring inputs. In recent years, wearable sensors, and information and communication technologies are assisting for remote monitoring and recommendations in smart healthcare. In this paper, the dependable gesture recognition (DGR) using a series learning method for identifying the action of patient monitoring through remote access is presented. The gesture recognition systems connect to the end-user (remote) and the patient for instantaneous gesture identification. The gesture is recognized by the analysis of the intermediate and structuring features using series learning. The proposed gesture recognition system is capable of monitoring patient activities and differentiating the gestures from the regular actions to improve the convergence. Gesture recognition through remote monitoring is indistinguishable due to the preliminary errors. Further, it is convertible using series learning. Therefore, the misdetections and classifications are promptly identified using the DGR and verified by comparative analysis and experimental study. From the analysis, the proposed DGR approach attains 94.92% high precision for the varying gestures and 89.85% high accuracy for varying mess factor. The proposed DGR reduces recognition time to 4.97 s and 4.93 s for the varying gestures and mess factor, respectively.
Family environment and school engagement:An investigation of cross‐lagged effects
Authors: Harris Charlene , Vazsonyi Alexander T. , Özdemir Yalçın , Sağkal Ali Serdar 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlthough an extensive body of work has shown that family functioning is linked to adolescent outcomes, less is known about how the family affects school outcomes and vice versa. The present longitudinal study tested reciprocal relationships between the family environment and school engagement during the middle school years.MethodsA cross‐lagged latent model tested these effects in 378 Turkish youth (53.7% males;M= 11.73,SD= 0.53) evaluated annually (Waves 1, 2, and 3) in grades 6 through 8.ResultsFindings showed the family environment positively predicted developmental changes in school engagement at each time point (β range = 0.18 to 0.24); school engagement also positively predicted developmental changes in the family environment (β range = 0.12 to 0.28). Follow‐up multigroup tests by age, sex, and family structure showed that the reciprocal links between the family environment and school engagement were invariant.ConclusionsStudy findings supported reciprocal longitudinal links between developmental changes of the family environment and school engagement. They extend previous research by highlighting the continued importance of the home environment on developmental changes in academic performance in adolescents, and thus, inform parents, educators, and policymakers on the relevance of the family in promoting academic engagement and achievement in adolescence.
Emotional separation, parental trust, and psychosocial adjustment in preadolescence and early adolescence
Authors: Sugimura Kazumi , Hihara Shogo , Hatano Kai 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionEmotional separation and parental trust are two fundamental components of parent‐adolescent relationships across different cultural contexts. Previous research showed that emotional separation hindered adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment, while parental trust benefited it. However, research on preadolescence is lacking. Preadolescence is a crucial period, as theories and findings suggest that too early autonomy around puberty had negative consequences for psychosocial adjustment. This study focused on preadolescence and early adolescence and tested two hypotheses: that emotional separation would be negatively, and parental trust would be positively, associated with psychosocial adjustment, and that this pattern of associations would be more salient in preadolescence than in early adolescence.MethodsParticipants were 856 preadolescent elementary schoolers (49.6% girls; age range 9–12 years, Mage = 10.79, SD = 0.92) and 518 early adolescent junior high schoolers (47.7% girls, age range 12–15 years; Mage = 13.56, SD = 0.98) in Japan, who completed measures of emotional separation, parental trust, and psychosocial adjustment (industry, school adaptation, and daily life behaviors).ResultsEmotional separation was negatively associated with reviewing learning contents and doing homework. Parental trust was positively associated with industry, school adaptation, waking up at regular times, and observing rules at school. These relationships did not differ between age groups.ConclusionsThis study highlights that emotional separation has a negative relationship, and parental trust has a positive relationship, with psychosocial adjustment throughout preadolescence and adolescence.
PD-1 blockade as a future treatment for colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability
Authors: Russo Diana Maria Leite da Cunha , Barbosa Laura Elisabete Ribeiro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, with about 15% of these tumours related with microsatellite instability, which confers distinct characteristics to these tumours, both clinicopathological and in the response to treatments. In fact, the poor response to chemotherapy in these tumours has led to the investigation for new treatments, with immunotherapy being the most successful one to date. The focus of this review is to assess the response of microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer to PD-1 blockade, and the mechanisms behind that response.
Methods A PubMed research was conducted, resulting in the inclusion of 47 articles in this review.
Results Microsatellite instability results in a high neoantigen load, leading to a highly active immune microenvironment of the tumour, mainly due to T-cells. To counteract this, there is an upregulation of PD-1, acting as a “brake” for immune cells, facilitating tumour growth and metastasis. This upregulation makes these tumours great candidates for treatment with PD-1 blockade, as seen in many clinical trials, where the overall responses and progression free survival rates were higher than those observed in microsatellite stable tumours.
Conclusion With the importance of colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability new treatments are necessary. Therefore, PD-1 blockade is a promising treatment for colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability, with improvement in survival rates and a better prognosis for these patients.
Fournier’s gangrene by perianal abscess
Authors: de Souza Natiele Santos , Santos Djoney Rafael dos , Westphalen André Pereira , Netto Fernando Antonio Campelo Spencer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective To describe and analyze the cases of Fournier’s Gangrene caused by perianal abscess treated in a tertiary hospital in western Paraná, correlating possible factors that influence mortality, with emphasis on late diagnosis and therapy.Methods A retrospective and descriptive case series was carried out based on the analysis of medical records of patients with Fournier’s Gangrene due to perianal abscess from January 2012 to December 2017.Results Thirty-one patients with Fournier’s Gangrene due to perianal abscess were treated in the period: 26 men and 5 women. Mean age was 53.51 ± 14.5 years. The most prevalent comorbidity in this group was type 2 diabetes mellitus, showing a strong correlation with mortality. The mean time from disease progression, from the initial symptom to the admission at the service, was 9.6 ± 6.81 days. All patients were submitted to antibiotic therapy and surgical treatment, with a mean of 3.25 ± 2.89 procedures/patient. Seven (22.58%) patients died and all of them showed signs of sepsis on admission; only 2 patients with sepsis did not die.Conclusion The presence of sepsis on admission and type 2 diabetes mellitus were strongly correlated with mortality.
Procalcitonin as an early marker in the detection of anastomotic intestinal leak in a Universitary Hospital of Bogotá
Authors: Navarrete Elkin Eduardo Benítez , Beltrán-García Tatiana Carolina , Mosquera María Fernanda , Rojas Valeria Martinez , Medina Daniel Alejandro Buitrago , Avendaño Carlos Edgar Figueroa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Anastomotic leakage is a complication of intestinal anastomosis, with an incidence of 2%–7% in centers of experience. To be able to achieve an early detection, serological markers such as Procalcitonin were included.
Methods Descriptive retrospective cohort study of patients taken to colorectal surgery with intestinal anastomosis, the objective is to estimate association between procalcitonin (≥2 ng/dl) as an early inflammatory marker and anastomotic leakage in a Coloproctological Service of a highest level of health care hospital, between September 2017 and January 2019.
Results Cohort of 237 patients, 51% women (18–89 years), with multiple comorbidities in 81% of patients, colon cancer was the most operated pathology (53.1%). Laparoscopic approach was the most applied 60.34%, colorectal anastomosis was the most frequently performed (47.26%). Ileocolic anastomosis presented a higher frequency (43.75%-n:7) of dehiscence. Anastomotic leakage was associated with a serum procalcitonin positive 3 days postoperatively (p-value <0.05). Patients with a positive result had 4.28 times higher risk of presenting an anastomotic leak, compared to this risk in those patients with negative results 3 days postoperatively, this association was statistically significant 95% CI (1.34–14.16); p value <0.05.
Conclusion Anastomotic leakage is a source of morbidity in patients taken to intestinal anastomosis. It's necessary to guarantee an early diagnosis of this complication, prevent abscesses and secondary peritonitis, providing adequate treatment and even reducing the associated mortality. We recommend including the procalcitonin in the assessment protocol on the third day of postoperative follow-up.
Obesity treatment effect in Danish children and adolescents carrying Melanocortin-4 Receptor mutations
Authors: Trier Cæcilie , Hollensted Mette , Schnurr Theresia M. , Lund Morten Asp Vonsild , Nielsen Tenna Ruest Haarmark , Rui Gao , Andersson Ehm Astrid , Svendstrup Mathilde , Bille Dorthe Sadowa , Gjesing Anette P. , Fonvig Cilius Esmann , Frithioff-Bøjsøe Christine , Balslev-Harder Marie , Quan Shi , Gamborg Michael , Pedersen Oluf , Ängquist Lars , Holm Jens-Christian , Hansen Torben 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To determine the prevalence of Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) mutations in a cohort of children and adolescents with overweight or obesity and to determine whether treatment responses differed between carriers and noncarriers.

Methods
Using target region capture sequencing, an MC4R mutation screen was performed in 1261 Danish children and adolescents enrolled at a tertiary multidisciplinary childhood obesity treatment center. Measurements of anthropometrics, blood pressure, fasting blood biochemistry including lipid and hormone levels, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were performed at baseline and throughout treatment.

Results
Of 1209 children and adolescents that met all criteria to be included in the described analyses, 30 (2.5%) carried damaging or unresolved MC4R mutations. At baseline, mutation carriers exhibited higher concentrations of plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (p = 0.003), and lower concentrations of plasma thyroxine (p = 0.010) compared to noncarriers. After a median of 1 year of treatment (range 0.5–4.0 years), body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS) was reduced in noncarriers but not in carriers, and this difference in treatment response was statistically significant (p = 0.005). Furthermore, HDL cholesterol was reduced in carriers, a response significantly different from that of noncarriers (p = 0.017).

Conclusion
Among Danish children and adolescents with overweight or obesity entering a tertiary lifestyle intervention, 2.5% carried damaging or unresolved MC4R mutations. In contrast to noncarriers, carriers of damaging or unresolved MC4R mutations failed to reduce their BMI SDS during obesity treatment, indicating a need for personalized treatment based on the MC4R genotype.
Investigation of glycaemic traits in psychiatric disorders using Mendelian randomisation revealed a causal relationship with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Adams Danielle M. , Reay William R. , Geaghan Michael P. , Cairns Murray J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractData from observational studies have suggested an involvement of abnormal glycaemic regulation in the pathophysiology of psychiatric illness. This may be an attractive target for clinical intervention as glycaemia can be modulated by both lifestyle factors and pharmacological agents. However, observational studies are inherently confounded, and therefore, causal relationships cannot be reliably established. We employed genetic variants rigorously associated with three glycaemic traits (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and glycated haemoglobin) as instrumental variables in a two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis to investigate the causal effect of these measures on the risk for eight psychiatric disorders. A significant protective effect of a natural log transformed pmol/L increase in fasting insulin levels was observed for anorexia nervosa after the application of multiple testing correction (OR = 0.48 [95% CI: 0.33-0.71]—inverse-variance weighted estimate). There was no consistently strong evidence for a causal effect of glycaemic factors on the other seven psychiatric disorders considered. The relationship between fasting insulin and anorexia nervosa was supported by a suite of sensitivity analyses, with no statistical evidence of instrument heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Further investigation is required to explore the relationship between insulin levels and anorexia.
Telomere length and human hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: Palmos Alish B. , Duarte Rodrigo R. R. , Smeeth Demelza M. , Hedges Erin C. , Nixon Douglas F. , Thuret Sandrine , Powell Timothy R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractShort telomere length is a risk factor for age-related disease, but it is also associated with reduced hippocampal volumes, age-related cognitive decline and psychiatric disorder risk. The current study explored whether telomere shortening might have an influence on cognitive function and psychiatric disorder pathophysiology, via its hypothesised effects on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We modelled telomere shortening in human hippocampal progenitor cells in vitro using a serial passaging protocol that mimics the end-replication problem. Serially passaged progenitors demonstrated shorter telomeres (P ≤ 0.05), and reduced rates of cell proliferation (P ≤ 0.001), with no changes in the ability of cells to differentiate into neurons or glia. RNA-sequencing and gene-set enrichment analyses revealed an effect of cell ageing on gene networks related to neurogenesis, telomere maintenance, cell senescence and cytokine production. Downregulated transcripts in our model showed a significant overlap with genes regulating cognitive function (P ≤ 1 × 10−5), and risk for schizophrenia (P ≤ 1 × 10−10) and bipolar disorder (P ≤ 0.005). Collectively, our results suggest that telomere shortening could represent a mechanism that moderates the proliferative capacity of human hippocampal progenitors, which may subsequently impact on human cognitive function and psychiatric disorder pathophysiology.
A single dose of cannabidiol modulates medial temporal and striatal function during fear processing in people at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Davies Cathy , Wilson Robin , Appiah-Kusi Elizabeth , Blest-Hopley Grace , Brammer Michael , Perez Jesus , Murray Robin M. , Allen Paul , Bossong Matthijs G. , McGuire Philip , Bhattacharyya Sagnik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEmotional dysregulation and anxiety are common in people at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and are associated with altered neural responses to emotional stimuli in the striatum and medial temporal lobe. Using a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group design, 33 CHR patients were randomised to a single oral dose of CBD (600 mg) or placebo. Healthy controls (n = 19) were studied under identical conditions but did not receive any drug. Participants were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a fearful face-processing paradigm. Activation related to the CHR state and to the effects of CBD was examined using a region-of-interest approach. During fear processing, CHR participants receiving placebo (n = 15) showed greater activation than controls (n = 19) in the parahippocampal gyrus but less activation in the striatum. Within these regions, activation in the CHR group that received CBD (n = 15) was intermediate between that of the CHR placebo and control groups. These findings suggest that in CHR patients, CBD modulates brain function in regions implicated in psychosis risk and emotion processing. These findings are similar to those previously evident using a memory paradigm, suggesting that the effects of CBD on medial temporal and striatal function may be task independent.
Determination of Maximum Accumulated Oxygen Deficit Using Backward
Extrapolation
Authors: Andrade Vitor Luiz , Kalva-Filho Carlos Augusto , Ribeiro Nayan Xavier , Gobbi Ronaldo Bucken , de Arruda Tarine Botta , Papoti Marcelo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the Maximum Accumulated Oxygen Deficit determined by
the conventional method (MAODC) with that determined by the backward
extrapolation technique (MAODEXTR) in runners. Fourteen runners
underwent a maximal incremental test for determination of iVO2MAX,
ten submaximal efforts (50–95% of iVO2MAX for
7 min). During the submaximal efforts oxygen consumption
(VO2) values were obtained conventionally and through the backward
extrapolation technique (~ 3 s after the end of each effort). A
supramaximal effort (110% of iVO2MAX) (tLimC) and
five supramaximal bouts (tLimEXTR) were performed. MAODC
and MAODEXTR were determined from the difference between the
VO2 accumulated during tLimC and tLimEXTR
and the predicted values. The tLimC was lower than
tLimEXTR (164.06±36.32 s,
200.23±63.78 s, p<0.05). No significant differences were
found between absolute and relative MAODC and MAODEXTR
values, however, low intraclass correlations (0.26 and 0.24), high typical
errors (2.03 L and 24 mL∙kg−1) were
observed, and coefficients of variation (46 and 48%), respectively. The
graphical analysis of the differences showed agreement and correlation between
the methods (r=0.86 and 0.85). Thus, it can be concluded that the
MAODEXTR is not a valid method for estimating the anaerobic
capacity of runners, moreover, unreliable.