bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diretrizes para avaliação de sistemas de organização do conhecimento representados em SKOS
Authors: Ramalho Rogério Aparecido Sá , Sousa Janailton Lopes 
Published: December 2019

Introdução: O Modelo de Dados Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) é uma recomendação do World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) para a representação de Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento em ambientes digitais, na última década o modelo SKOS tem contribuído para um aumento exponencial da quantidade de vocabulários publicados em ambientes digitais, evidenciando a necessidade de estudos que favoreçam uma melhor avaliação destes vocabulários. Objetivo: Apresentar uma sistematização de diretrizes para a avaliação de vocabulários publicados em SKOS. Metodologia: Pesquisa exploratória de caráter bibliográfica e documental, com abordagem teórica e qualitativa. Resultados: É apresentada uma sistematização de estudos que possam contribuir para a sistematização de diretrizes para a avaliação de vocabulários codificados em SKOS. Conclusões: A representação de vocabulários controlados em ambientes digitais incorpora inúmeras potencialidades aos Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento, porém também apresenta novos desafios, principalmente no que se refere à avaliação de requisitos técnicos e definição formal dos relacionamentos, evidenciando a importância de estudos que contribuam para um maior aperfeiçoamento dos processos de avaliação de vocabulários em ambientes digitais.
A different way of thinking about seismic risk
Authors: Hare John 
Published: December 2019

Seismic risk has traditionally been approached using probabilistic analysis. This dilutes the potential impact of low probability, extreme events that may lead to severe consequences including excessive land damage, building damage, injuries and death. The communication of risk in probabilistic terms is also not clearly understood by most audiences. Further, it is evident that few building developers, owners and users have a good understanding the implications of this and the capacity design of buildings, which may not be repairable after a severe event.
There is also an adverse impact on planning and land use, where decisions that may affect many people are based on a limited view of adverse outcomes such as liquefaction, lateral spread and slope stability in severe earthquakes.
A different way of thinking about seismic risk is proposed. An approach of using scenarios derived from a combination of deterministic as well as probabilistic thinking would prompt consideration of impacts over a range of events. This would allow full consideration of which outcomes are clearly not acceptable and which are. This may facilitate planning for both private and public sector, with a common understanding that is relatively easily communicated to both experts and lay people.
This risk evaluation framework would also facilitate consideration of mitigation, by bringing focus on unacceptable outcomes of severe events that are currently obscured by pure probabilistic analysis. This was missing in Christchurch, which experienced the sort of event we can readily anticipate and should actively plan for in other parts of New Zealand.
This would help us avoid future red zones and excessive damage and demolition. It will inform development of building codes and standards and will help us evaluate risk and provide resilience and redundancy across the range of interconnected infrastructure networks.
Informed debate is needed with key decision makers to discuss the underlying objectives of our regulation and how these may be better met by such an approach, without engineers allowing themselves to be trapped in past thinking and assumptions.
Aprendizajes ausentes en la Competencia Digital de preadolescentes: un estudio de casos pertenecientes a contextos socioculturales desfavorables
Authors: Pernas Morado Eulogio , Fraga Varela Fernando , Vila Couñago Esther 
Published: December 2019

El artículo presenta un análisis de la Competencia Digital de dos preadolescentes pertenecientes a contextos socioculturales desfavorables en el último curso de Educación Primaria. Sobre la base de una metodología de estudio de caso, con múltiples técnicas e informantes, se investiga el proceso de apropiación de la Competencia Digital y el papel de los agentes educativos en el desarrollo de la misma, tomando como referencia su PLN –Personal Network Learning. Los resultados muestran dos contextos muy distintos: uno con numerosos dispositivos digitales que permiten el acceso a innumerables recursos y otro con disponibilidad limitada de estos artefactos. Sin embargo, ambos casos convergen en que varias dimensiones de la Competencia Digital analizadas están escasamente desarrolladas, con la influencia de los agentes educativos, especialmente los que están presentes en el hogar. Encontramos razones clave en una escuela que muestra muchas dificultades y obstáculos para compensar su desarrollo como ciudadanos del siglo XXI.
The article presents a Digital Competence analysis of two pre-teens belonging to unfavourable socio-cultural contexts in the last course of Primary Education. Based on a case study methodology, with multiple techniques and informants, the process of appropriation of Digital Competence and the role of the educational agents in its development is inquired, taking as reference their PLN –Personal Network Learning. The results show two very distinct contexts: one with numerous digital devices that allow access to myriad resources and another with limited availability of these artifacts. However, both cases converge in that several dimensions of the Digital Competence analyzed are poorly developed, with the influence of educational agents, especially those that are present at home. We found key reason because the school have many difficulties and obstacles to compensate their development as citizens of the 21st century.
Multiconductor Transmission Line Theory
Authors: Brandão Faria José A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter is devoted to the theory of multiconductor transmission lines (MTLs), a type of structure that can be found in very many applications of interest to radiofrequency (RF) and microwave engineering. Our aim is to provide the reader with a systematic self‐contained presentation of the subject. We start by establishing the time‐domain equations of multiconductor transmission‐line systems and then progress step by step to the final objective of determining the solution to those equations, in the frequency domain, for general nonuniform structures. Matrix techniques are made intense use in order to permit a compact analysis of the problem. Solutions are presented in two different useful formats; at first, we consider a solution in the form of a superposition of natural modes of propagation, later, a relationship between voltages and currents at the input and output ends of the MTL is established via the transmission matrix formalism.
Exploring habitat‐density relationships and model transferability for an alpine bird using abundance models
Authors: Fjeld Håkon Brandt , Østnes Jan Eivind , Nilsen Erlend B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Because resources for monitoring and conservation are often limited, a primary objective in applied ecological research is to predict key state variables in one context (the prediction context) using models fitted to data collected in another context (the estimation context). Model transferability is concerned with how well models predict across ecological contexts in time and space.

While several previous studies have evaluated the transferability of species distribution models, much less is known about how well models that predict spatially explicit population density transfer across contexts. Although abundance and distribution are theoretically interconnected, environmental stochasticity, species interactions, functional responses in habitat selection and human management intervention might reduce the transferability of abundance models more than they affect transferability of distribution models.

We examined how well models for predicting willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) densities based on habitat covariates transferred across time and space in central Norway. Utilizing line transect survey data from 11 study areas, we fitted Hierarchical Distance Sampling Models to estimate spatially explicit willow ptarmigan density, based on the underlying habitat in the focal area, and evaluated how well this model transferred to other years and areas.

Considerable variations in the estimated habitat‐density relationships were observed across different temporal and spatial contexts. In general, model transferability was relatively low (mean r = 0.10) with some contexts showing negative correlations. Models with coarse scale covariates transferred somewhat better between different areas, and transferability was higher within areas between years than across different areas. Generally, model transferability was higher among geographically proximate areas.

Practical implication. This study highlights the advantages of using local data and the challenges of predicting population density in novel areas for species with substantial inter‐annual population fluctuations based solely on habitat associations. In a management context, it is advisable to use current and local data to gain accurate insight into species abundance patterns. This is crucial for obtain reliable assessments of conservation efforts, and the sustainability of harvest regimes. If practical constraints make local data unavailable, it is recommended to use data from nearby areas and consider the scale of key variables.
Technology and Adult Learning
Authors: Conceição Simone C. O. , Biniecki Susan Yelich 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article explores the evolving role of technology in nonformal and informal adult learning settings, guided by the theory of connectivism. It examines how digital platforms, artificial intelligence (AI), and other technological advancements enhance the accessibility, personalization, and efficiency of adult learning. The various educational technologies' benefits, limitations, and strategic applications are discussed, focusing on how they cater to the diverse needs of adult learners. The implications of these technologies on the future of adult learning, mainly through the lens of AI, are analyzed to predict emerging trends and potential challenges in adult education.
Conjugation Chemistry Markedly Impacts Toxicity and Biodistribution of Targeted Nanoparticles, Mediated by Complement Activation
Authors: Zaleski Michael H. , Chase Liam S. , Hood Elizabeth D. , Wang Zhicheng , Nong Jia , Espy Carolann L. , Zamora Marco E. , Wu Jichuan , Morrell Lianne J. , Muzykantov Vladimir R. , Myerson Jacob W. , Brenner Jacob S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConjugation chemistries are a major enabling technology for the development of drug delivery systems, from antibody‐drug conjugates to antibody‐targeted lipid nanoparticles inspired by the success of the COVID‐19 vaccine. However, here it is shown that for antibody‐targeted nanoparticles, the most popular conjugation chemistries directly participate in the activation of the complement cascade of plasma proteins. Their activation of complement leads to large changes in the biodistribution of nanoparticles (up to 140‐fold increased uptake into phagocytes of the lungs) and multiple toxicities, including a 50% drop in platelet count. It is founded that the mechanism of complement activation varies dramatically between different conjugation chemistries. Dibenzocyclooctyne, a commonly used click‐chemistry, caused aggregation of conjugated antibodies, but only on the surface of nanoparticles (not in bulk solution). By contrast, thiol‐maleimide chemistry do not activate complement via its effects on antibodies, but rather because free maleimide bonded to albumin in plasma, and clustered albumin is then attacked by complement. Using these mechanistic insights, solutions are engineered that reduced the activation of complement for each class of conjugation chemistry. These results highlight that while conjugation chemistry is essential for the future of nanomedicine, it is not innocuous and must be designed with opsonins like complement in mind.
The Lyn/RUVBL1 Complex Promotes Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis by Regulating Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Through Chromatin Remodeling
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Gao Yina , Qian Yuanyuan , Wei Bowen , Jiang Kexin , Sun Zhiwei , Zhang Feifan , Yang Mingming , Baldi Salem , Yu Xiaoqi , Zuo Yunfei , Ren Shuangyi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLiver metastasis is a common cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, but epigenetic remodeling and metabolic reprogramming for CRC liver metastasis remain unclear. The study revealed that the Lyn/RUVBL1 complex is highly expressed in CRC and is closely correlated with liver metastasis. On the one hand, ATAC‐seq and HiCut suggested that Lyn/RUVBL1 regulates the expression of TRIB3 through the POL II‐mediated chromatin conformation of TRIB3 and thus the expression of β‐catenin. This promotes the proliferation and migration of CRC through β‐catenin‐mediated upregulation of MMP9 and VEGF. On the other hand, metabolomics revealed that Lyn/RUVBL1 regulates the expression of PGE2 through the enzyme COX2, thereby promoting arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. CUT‐Tag showed that Lyn/RUVBL1 silencing reduces the H3K27ac level in the COX2 promoter. Then, it is found that COX2 is regulated by the transcription factor FOXA1. Lyn/RUVBL1 modulates AA metabolism by regulating the chromatin accessibility of FOXA1. AA metabolism promotes the metastasis of CRC by affecting β‐catenin nuclear translocation and upregulating MMP9 and VEGF. These findings suggest that the Lyn/RUVBL1 complex mediates epigenetic remodeling to regulate the metabolic reprogramming of AA, highlighting its role in promoting the metastasis of CRC.
Optical Visualization of Stretchable Serpentine Interconnects using Chiral Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Han Sang Hyun , Shin Jun Hyuk , Yang Hak Jun , Nam Seungmin , Park Ji Yoon , Choi Su Seok 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe shapes and structures of stretchable interconnects are pivotal in determining their functionality, allowing them to withstand bending, stretching, and twisting while maintaining their operational integrity. However, all stretchable interconnects are subjected to dynamically changing, non‐uniform strains during mechanical deformation. Therefore, achieving an accurate understanding of stretchable interconnect properties, including tracking and analyzing these dynamic, non‐uniform strains in real‐time, remains a challenging endeavor. Herein, a method for analyzing the strain behavior of stretchable interconnects using a chiral liquid crystal elastomer (CLCE), which exhibits immediate structural color changes of nano periodic molecular arrangement in response to dynamic stretching deformations, is presented. Beyond the uniform color change of simple CLCE, by further engineering the modulus and shape geometry of the serpentine CLCE, an intuitive strain capturing visualization of dynamically changing serpentine structures is performed. Moreover, by expanding the serpentine CLCE into a 2 × 2 array, the real‐time strain distribution of the stretchable interconnects under various multi‐stretching properties (uniaxial and biaxial) is investigated. This optical visualization provides an accurate and precise understanding of the structure of stretchable interconnects under dynamic stretching conditions and is a promising breakthrough to enable enhanced design and optimization of stretchable serpentine structures for broadband stretchable applications.
Targeting Fibrosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Advanced Therapies
Authors: Di Xingpeng , Li Ya , Wei Jingwen , Li Tianyue , Liao Banghua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs the final stage of disease‐related tissue injury and repair, fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of the extracellular matrix. Unrestricted accumulation of stromal cells and matrix during fibrosis impairs the structure and function of organs, ultimately leading to organ failure. The major etiology of fibrosis is an injury caused by genetic heterogeneity, trauma, virus infection, alcohol, mechanical stimuli, and drug. Persistent abnormal activation of “quiescent” fibroblasts that interact with or do not interact with the immune system via complicated signaling cascades, in which parenchymal cells are also triggered, is identified as the main mechanism involved in the initiation and progression of fibrosis. Although the mechanisms of fibrosis are still largely unknown, multiple therapeutic strategies targeting identified molecular mechanisms have greatly attenuated fibrotic lesions in clinical trials. In this review, the organ‐specific molecular mechanisms of fibrosis is systematically summarized, including cardiac fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, renal fibrosis, and pulmonary fibrosis. Some important signaling pathways associated with fibrosis are also introduced. Finally, the current antifibrotic strategies based on therapeutic targets and clinical trials are discussed. A comprehensive interpretation of the current mechanisms and therapeutic strategies targeting fibrosis will provide the fundamental theoretical basis not only for fibrosis but also for the development of antifibrotic therapies.
Mass‐Guided Single‐Cell MALDI Imaging of Low‐Mass Metabolites Reveals Cellular Activation Markers
Authors: Cairns James L. , Huber Johanna , Lewen Andrea , Jung Jessica , Maurer Stefan J. , Bausbacher Tobias , Schmidt Stefan , Levkin Pavel A. , Sevin Daniel , Göpfrich Kerstin , Koch Philipp , Kann Oliver , Hopf Carsten 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSingle‐cell MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of lipids and metabolites >200 Da has recently come to the forefront of biomedical research and chemical biology. However, cell‐targeting and metabolome‐preserving methods for analysis of low mass, hydrophilic metabolites (<200 Da) in large cell populations are lacking. Here, the PRISM‐MS (PRescan Imaging for Small Molecule – Mass Spectrometry) mass‐guided MSI workflow is presented, which enables space‐efficient single cell lipid and metabolite analysis. In conjunction with giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as MSI ground truth for cell‐sized objects and Monte Carlo reference‐based consensus clustering for data‐dependent identification of cell subpopulations, PRISM‐MS enables MSI and on‐cell MS2‐based identification of low‐mass metabolites like amino acids or Krebs cycle intermediates involved in stimulus‐dependent cell activation. The utility of PRISM‐MS is demonstrated through the characterization of complex metabolome changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated microglial cells and human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived microglia. Translation of single cell results to endogenous microglia in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures indicates that LPS‐activation involves changes of the itaconate‐to‐taurine ratio and alterations in neuron‐to‐glia glutamine‐glutamate shuttling. The data suggests that PRISM‐MS can serve as a standard method in single cell metabolomics, given its capability to characterize larger cell populations and low‐mass metabolites.
Stretchable Full‐Color Phosphorescent PVA‐Based Ionogels for Multimodal Sensing‐Visual Integration Applications
Authors: Wei Xuefeng , Gou Zexi , Ye Jianting , Shi L. H. , Zhao Jianwei , Yang Lei , Zhang Linbo , Zhang Kun , Jia Ruonan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExploring ionogels with superior conductivity, mechanical properties, and long‐lasting room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) offers considerable potential for new‐generation optoelectronics. However, reports on ionogels remain limited owing to the contradiction between the flexibility required for stretching and the rigidity necessary for RTP and load‐bearing within the same ionogels. Here, a facile strategy is reported to enhance the toughness and extend the RTP of ionogels by salting‐out‐induced microphase separation, which results in the formation of an IL‐rich phase (soft) for stretching and ionic conduction and a polymer‐rich phase (stiff) for energy dissipation and clustering‐triggered phosphorescence. The obtained ionogels exhibit high stretchability (≈400% strain), toughness (≈∼20 MJ m−3), ionic conductivity (8.4 mS cm−1), and ultralong afterglow lifetime (112.4 ms). This strategy is applicable to chromophores with color‐tunable phosphorescence. By leveraging observable full‐color RTP and real‐time electrical signals in response to diverse stimuli (i.e., stretching and pressing), an intelligent grasping strategy is developed for robust hand pose reconstruction. In addition, a tactile‐visual fusion recognition keyboard is created with dual functionality of information encryption and signal transmission. The ease of fabrication, wide tunability, and multifunctionality will help expand the scope of ionogels for smart devices.
Evaluating the Spatial Distribution Networks and Efficiency of Postharvest Supply Chains for the Sustainability of Vegetable Enterprise in the Valley of Kashmir, India
Authors: Akhter Saima , Bhat Mohammad Shafi , Bhat Showkat A. , Mir Sumira 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVegetable enterprise in the valley of Kashmir holds tremendous significance as it ensures the nutritional requirements of the population, enhances the profitability of the farming sector, and has enormous employability potential in this predominantly agrarian economy. The present study explores the logistics of vegetable enterprises, primarily focusing on the spatial spread of market centers, their functioning, role, and efficiency of supply chains, postharvest losses, and constraints. The study used Nearest Neighbor Analysis, Location Quotient, and Rao's Sphere of Influence method to demarcate the Trade Area. It was found that there is a random distribution of vegetable markets with the Rn value of 1.12 across the region, with the largest trade area (27 sq km) in the second‐order market center at Srinagar. From the Boxall postharvest loss method, it was found that between 20% and 25% of the vegetables are lost along the entire supply chain on account of inadequate infrastructure and a lack of technology and awareness. The efficiency analysis reveals that shorter supply chains exhibit higher efficiency as compared to extended supply chains. However, despite lesser efficiency, these extended supply chains comprised of producers, preharvest contractors, wholesalers, retailers, and consumers are more prevalent (51%) on account of small farm size, low income, and quantity of produce, which is validated from the results of Chi‐square and Analysis of Variance tests at the (p < 0.05) level of significance. From the constraint analysis, it was revealed that numerous intermediaries, small farm sizes, inadequate counseling and training, an improper support system, and a lack of market information are the main obstacles in this enterprise. Policy interventions for the upgradation of infrastructure, strengthening farmer's cooperative societies, easy access to finance, training, and awareness are needed for streamlining operations, reducing wastage, and improving efficiency and productivity to ensure the long‐term sustainability of this enterprise.
Recent Advances in Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Zhang Cai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this review, we have presented an overview on the copper‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization reactions over the period from 2020 to the present. In general, both Cu(II) and Cu(I) can be used as starting catalysts, but the reaction mechanisms were different. For example, from the perspective of reaction mechanism, as a starting catalyst, Cu(II) was often directly combined with oxidants to participate in the catalytic oxidation of intermediates or substrates. When Cu(I) served as the starting catalyst, it directly promoted the cleavage of N−O bonds or coordinated with alkyne bonds, while oxidants were used for the subsequent oxidation of intermediates. The experimental results showed that most of the copper‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization strategies have achieved satisfactory results.