bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Lignin‐Derived Cross‐Linked Graft Polymers as Electrolyte and Binder Materials for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Jeong Daun , Shim Jimin , Shin Huiseob , Lee Jong‐Chan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study concerns the development of a well‐defined synthetic route to obtain lignin‐derived multifunctional graft polymers by simple chemical modification and atom‐transfer radical polymerization. By grafting ion‐conducting and cross‐linkable moieties onto the lignin, star‐shaped functional polymers are prepared. Upon cross‐linking under ultraviolet light irradiation, the resulting polymer network exhibits mechanical stability even at high temperature, whereas the chain mobility is maintained despite the cross‐linked structure. Their use as solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and binders for all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is also evaluated. The lignin‐derived graft polymers provide a facile ion conduction pathway and also efficiently suppress lithium dendrite growth during cycling, thereby attaining excellent cycling performance for the LMB cell compared to that with a conventional liquid electrolyte–Celgard system.
Ambient Ammonia Electrosynthesis: Current Status, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Lv Xian‐Wei , Weng Chen‐Chen , Yuan Zhong‐Yong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) electrosynthesis from atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and water is emerging as a promising alternative to the energy‐intensive Haber–Bosch process; however, such a process is difficult to perform due to the inherent inertness of N2 molecules together with low solubility in aqueous solutions. Although many active electrocatalysts have been used to electrocatalyze the N2 reduction reaction (NRR), unsatisfactory NH3 yields and lower Faraday efficiency are still far from practical industrial production, and thus, considerable research efforts are being devoted to address these problems. Nevertheless, most reports still mainly focus on the preparation of electrocatalysts and largely ignore a summary of optimization–modification strategies for the NRR. In this review, a general introduction to the NRR mechanism is presented to provide a reasonable guide for the design of highly active catalysts. Then, four categories of NRR electrocatalysts, according to chemical compositions, are surveyed, as well as several strategies for promoting the catalytic activity and efficiency. Later, strategies for developing efficient N2 fixation systems are discussed. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives in the context of the NRR are highlighted. This review sheds some light on the development of highly efficient catalytic systems for NH3 synthesis and stimulates research interests in the unexplored, but promising, research field of the NRR.
Survivorship of geographic Pomacea canaliculata populations in responses to cold acclimation
Authors: Qin Zhong , Wu Rui Shan , Zhang Jiaen , Deng Zhi Xin , Zhang Chun Xia , Guo Jing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Pomacea canaliculata, a freshwater snail from South America, has rapidly established natural populations from south to north subtropical region in China, since its original introductions in the 1980s. Low temperature in winter is a limiting factor in the geographic expansion and successfully establishment for apple snail populations. There have been some studies on population level of low temperature tolerance for P. canaliculata, yet little is quantified about its life‐history traits in responses to cold temperatures. Whether these responses vary with the acclimation location is also unclear. We investigated the survivorship and longevity of P. canaliculata in responses to cold temperatures and examine whether these responses vary with the location and snail size. We hypothesized that survival of the snails depends on their shell height and the level of low temperature, and P. canaliculata population from the mid-subtropical zone may exhibit the highest viability over the cold thermal range.

We sampled P. canaliculata populations from five latitude and longitude ranges of subtropical China: Guangzhou population in southernmost (SM‐GZ), three populations of Yingtan (MR‐YT), Ningbo (MR‐NB), Ya'an (MR‐YA) in midrange, and Huanggang population in northernmost (NM‐HG) subtropical zone. For each P. canaliculata population, survival and longevity at six cold acclimation temperature levels (12, 9, 6, 3, 0, and −3°C) were quantified, and the effects of location and shell height were examined.

The MR‐YA population from mid-subtropical zone of China exhibited the highest survival rate and prolonged survival time regardless of the temperature acclimation treatments, whereas the SM‐GZ population from southern subtropical was the most sensitive to cold temperatures, particular temperatures below 9°C. No individuals of the SM‐GZ population could survive after stressed for 30 days (3°C), 5 days (0°C) and 2 days (−3°C), respectively. For each experimental P. canaliculata population held at 3, 0, and −3°C, individuals with intermediate shell height of 15.0–25.0 mm had significantly higher survivals.

The results highlight a request of a more thorough investigation on acclimation responses in each of the life table demographic parameters for P. canaliculata, and pose the question of whether natural selection or some genetic changes may have facilitated adaptation in invasive locations.
Increased resting heart rate and prognosis in treatment‐naïve unselected cancer patients: results from a prospective observational study
Authors: Anker Markus S. , Frey Maria K. , Goliasch Georg , Bartko Philipp E. , Prausmüller Suriya , Gisslinger Heinz , Kornek Gabriela , Strunk Guido , Raderer Markus , Zielinski Christoph , Hülsmann Martin , Pavo Noemi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsCancer patients suffer from impaired cardiovascular function. Elevated resting heart rate (RHR) has been identified as a marker for increased long‐term mortality in cancer patients prior to the receipt of anticancer treatment. We aimed to establish whether RHR is associated with survival in treatment‐naïve cancer patients.Methods and resultsThis prospective study enrolled 548 unselected treatment‐naïve cancer patients between 2011 and 2013. The median age of the cohort was 62 years; 40.9% were male and 32.7% had metastatic disease. Median RHR was 72 b.p.m. Most patients were in sinus rhythm (n = 507, 92.5%). Clinical heart failure was noted in 37 (6.8%) patients. RHR was not related to cancer stage (P = 0.504). Patients in the highest RHR tertile had higher levels of high‐sensitivity troponin (P = 0.003) and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (P = 0.039). During a median follow‐up of 25 months (interquartile range: 16–32 months; range: 0–40 months), 185 (33.8%) patients died from any cause [1‐year‐mortality: 17%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 13–20%]. In univariate survival analysis, RHR predicted all‐cause mortality [crude hazard ratio (HR) for a 5 b.p.m. increase in RHR: 1.09, 95% CI 1.04–1.15; P < 0.001], and remained significantly associated with outcome after adjustment for age, gender, tumour entity, tumour stage, cardiac status and haemoglobin (adjusted HR for a 5 b.p.m. increase in RHR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.16; P < 0.001). There was no significant impact of metastatic/non‐metastatic disease state on the predictive value of RHR (P = 0.433 for interaction). In subgroup analyses, the strongest associations for RHR with mortality were observed in lung (crude HR 1.14; P = 0.007) and gastrointestinal (crude HR 1.31; P < 0.001) cancer.ConclusionsTreatment‐naïve cancer patients with higher RHRs display higher levels of cardiovascular biomarkers. RHR was independently associated with all‐cause mortality, especially in lung and gastrointestinal cancers. Elevated RHR and cardiovascular biomarkers may represent early signs of incipient cardiac dysfunction.
Carbon Nanostructured Screen‐printed Electrodes Modified with CuO/Glucose Oxidase/Maltase/SiO2 Composite Film for Maltose Determination
Authors: Kornii Anastasiia , Saska Vita , Lisnyak Vladyslav V. , Tananaiko Oksana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA sensitive voltammetric method was developed to determine maltose in beverage products using a carbon nanostructured screen‐printed electrode modified with CuO/glucose oxidase/maltase/SiO2 biocomposite film. Adding CuO particles was done to possess catalytic activity toward hydrogen peroxide. Electrode modified by glucose oxidase and maltase shows a good response to maltose. A well‐defined reduction peak was registered at the potential of −0.55 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) which intensity increases linearly with the concentration of maltose ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 mmol L−1. The calculated limit of detection was 0.005 mmol L−1. Tested on the beer samples, the developed CuO/glucose oxidase/maltase/SiO2 biocomposite film covered carbon nanostructured screen‐printed electrode is showed to be a prospective sensitive element of the third generation biosensor for maltose.
Driving cycle construction and combined driving cycle prediction for fuzzy energy management of electric vehicles
Authors: Pan Chaofeng , Gu Xiwei , Chen Long , Chen Liao , Yi Fengyan 
Published: March 2020

SummaryEnergy management strategies (EMSs) play an important role in battery electric vehicles (BEVs). However, the efficiency of an EMS is significantly affected by the driving cycle (DC). On the one hand, because of the differences in driving type, torque characteristics, and speed response of BEVs differ from those of internal combustion‐powered vehicles. Meanwhile, on the other hand, typical DCs that are widely used as evaluation indexes cannot reflect changes in the road slope and the driving characteristics of BEVs in a specific city. To solve this problem, a novel EMS based on combined DC prediction (CDCP) is proposed, and three efforts are made. First, a large volume of driving data is collected based on a BEV. The DC for a specific city is constructed using the principal component analysis and K‐means cluster algorithm combined with 15 characteristic parameters of speed, acceleration, slope, and running state rate. Second, CDCP is adopted to overcome the disadvantage that the speed cannot be predicted initially using standard rolling prediction. The state transmission matrix based on the constructed DC is employed to predict the speed when the vehicle starts to run. Third, a fuzzy EMS that considers the CDCP is proposed in order to adapt to the real‐time changes of DCs. Compared with the other predictions, the simulation results show that the proposed EMS has a longer driving range and lower energy consumption rate.
MARPL: A crosslayer approach for Internet of things based on neighbor variability for mobility support in RPL
Authors: Kniess Janine , de Figueiredo Marques Vinicius 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInternet of things (IoT) proposes the use of devices with low energy capacity, processing, and memory power for a range of applications such as environmental monitoring and smart health. Such devices usually have sensing and wireless communication capabilities. Low power and lossy networks on mobile devices are a common type of wireless network in IoT applications. This article proposes the mobility aware RPL (MARPL), which is an extension of the IPv6 routing protocol for low‐power and lossy network (RPL) in order to enhance its performance in networks with mobile nodes. The mobility of nodes increases packet loss in the canonical RPL protocol. The MARPL mobility mechanism adopts a crosslayer approach. The network layer uses signal strength measurements from the media access layer to calculate a node's variability neighborhood. Performance evaluation results obtained by the Cooja simulator confirm the effectiveness of MARPL regarding link disconnection prevention, packet delivery rate, low overhead, and energy consumption when compared with other protocols.
Terbium oxide‐based solar thermochemical CO2 splitting cycle: A thermodynamic investigation
Authors: Bhosale Rahul R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA Tb2O3/TbO2 thermochemical CO2 splitting cycle was thermodynamically scrutinized in this study. Equilibrium and efficiency analysis are the two major sections of this thermodynamic investigation. As a first step of the thermodynamic analysis, the temperatures required for the thermal reduction (TR) of Tb2O3 and the re‐oxidation of the TbO2 via CO2 splitting (CS) reaction were identified. The equilibrium analysis indicates that the temperature in the range of 2234–2530 K was required for the increase in the percentage TR of Tb2O3 from 5% to 100%. The efficiency analysis was conducted by following a process flow arrangement, which includes a solar reactor, a CS reactor, a CO2 heater, multiple coolers, and a fuel cell. The obtained results indicate that the increased from 3.4% to 5.6% when the %TR‐Tb upsurged from 5% to 25%. A further rise in the %TR‐Tb from 25% to 100%, however, resulted in a decrease in the from 5.6% to 3.5%. By employing 100% heat recuperation, the maximum = 9.6% attained at a %TR‐Tb equal to 20% ( = 2296 K). © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Update on Distal C(sp3)−H Functionalization Involving 1,5‐HAT Emerging from Nitrogen Radicals
Authors: Goswami Nupur , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMethods to selectively functionalize any one sp3 C−H bond among all others, has been well documented in literature. Radical reactions, which are essentially mild reaction conditions has provided a significant improvement over the standard functionalization pathways. Although radical recombinations are fast and feasible, the selectivity is always guided by the electronic biasness in the system. 1,n‐Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions are extremely useful in determining regioselectivity, the involvement of a 1,5‐HAT protocol made the reaction pathway energetically much more favourable to functionalize the desired remote C(sp3)−H bond. In this review we are going to give a brief overview of the methods involved in the functionalization of distal aliphatic C−H bond by 1,5‐HAT transformation pathway.
Dose dependency of γ‐H2AX formation in the rat urinary bladder treated with genotoxic and nongenotoxic bladder carcinogens
Authors: Yamada Takanori , Toyoda Takeshi , Matsushita Kohei , Morikawa Tomomi , Ogawa Kumiko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe previously reported that immunostaining for γ‐H2AX, a biomarker of DNA damage, in the rat urinary bladder is useful for early detection of bladder carcinogens in 28‐day toxicity studies. Here, we aimed to examine the dose dependency of γ‐H2AX formation in the urinary bladder of rats. Male F344 rats (aged 6 weeks) were orally administeredN‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN; 0%, 0.0001%, 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.02%, or 0.05% in drinking water), a genotoxic bladder carcinogen, and melamine (0%, 0.3%, 1.0%, or 3.0% in the diet), a nongenotoxic bladder carcinogen, for 2 days or 4 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that γ‐H2AX‐ and Ki67‐positive epithelial cells in the bladder urothelium were significantly increased, with a clear dose dependency, in both BBN‐ and melamine‐treated groups. Additionally, γ‐H2AX formation was detected from the lower‐dose group, without increased Ki67 expression or histopathologic findings. The ratios of γ‐H2AX‐positive cells at week 4 in both BBN‐ and melamine‐treated groups were higher than those on day 2, indicating the time‐dependent increase in γ‐H2AX formation. Immunofluorescence double‐staining revealed that γ‐H2AX single‐positive cells without Ki67 expression were often found in the urothelium of BBN‐treated rats, whereas most γ‐H2AX‐positive cells were Ki67‐positive in the melamine group. Our results demonstrated that γ‐H2AX formation in the urinary bladder increased in a clear dose‐dependent manner and that γ‐H2AX immunostaining has the potential to detect bladder carcinogens after a 2‐day administration. Furthermore, the association of genotoxic mechanisms in bladder carcinogenesis could be determined by analyzing the colocalization of γ‐H2AX and Ki67 in the urothelium.
Curcumin inhibits alloxan‐induced pancreatic islet cell damage via antioxidation and antiapoptosis
Authors: Xia Zhen‐hong , Jiang Xue , Li Ke , Li Li‐xia , Chen Wen‐bo , Wang Yu‐xiang , Liu Yan‐qiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study elucidates the possible protective effects of curcumin on β‐cells damaged by oxidative stress and its significance in controlling diabetes mellitus in in vitro experiments. Pancreatic islet (RIN‐m5F) cells were treated with 25 mmol/L alloxan (AXN) to induce cell damage and the protective effects of curcumin were observed. The results showed that curcumin significantly promoted the cellular activity of AXN‐treated RIN‐m5F cells, decreased the ratio of apoptosis, downregulated the level of malondialdehyde, upregulated the levels of superoxide dismutase and reactive oxygen species, increased the expression of Bcl‐2, cleaved caspase‐3, and cleaved PARP1, and decreased the expression of Bax in AXN‐treated cells. These results suggest that curcumin inhibits AXN‐induced damage in RIN‐m5F cells via antioxidative and antiapoptotic mechanisms.
A Randomized, Doubled‐Blind Clinical Trial on the Effect of Zataria multiflora on Clinical Symptoms, Oxidative Stress, and C‐Reactive Protein in COPD Patients
Authors: Ghorani Vahideh , Rajabi Omid , Mirsadraee Majid , Rezaeitalab Fariba , Saadat Saeideh , Boskabady Mohammad Hossein 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe effects of Zataria multiflora on clinical symptoms, pulmonary function tests, oxidative stress, and C‐reactive protein levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients were evaluated. Forty‐five patients were allocated to 3 groups: placebo group and 2 groups that received 3 and 6 mg/kg/day Z. multiflora extract (Z3 and Z6) for 2 months. Clinical symptoms, pulmonary function tests, oxidative stress, and serum C‐reactive protein levels were evaluated pretreatment (step 0) and 1 (step I) and 2 (step II) months after treatment. Clinical symptoms including breathlessness and chest wheeze in Z3‐ and Z6‐treated groups and sputum production only in the Z6‐treated group were significantly improved 1 and 2 months after treatment compared with baseline values (P < .01 to P < .001). The FEV1 was significantly increased after 2 months of treatment with Z3 and Z6 (P < .05 to P < .01). Malondialdehyde and nitrite levels were significantly decreased after a 2‐month treatment with Z6 compared with step 0 (P < .05 to P < .01). The thiol contents in the Z6 group as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in both groups treated with the extract were significantly increased in step II compared with step 0 (P < .05 to P < .01). The C‐reactive protein level at the end of the study was significantly reduced compared with the step 0 in both treated groups (P < .05 for both cases). Two‐month treatment with Z. multiflora improved clinical symptoms, pulmonary function tests, oxidative stress, and C‐reactive protein in COPD patients. The results suggest that this herbal medicine could be of therapeutic value as a preventive drug for the treatment of COPD.
Osteosarcopenia: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment—facts and numbers
Authors: Kirk Ben , Zanker Jesse , Duque Gustavo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundOsteosarcopenia, the presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia, is an emerging geriatric giant, which poses a serious global health burden.Methods and resultsThe prevalence of osteosarcopenia ranges in community‐dwelling older adults [5–37% (≥65 years)] with the highest rates observed in those with fractures (low‐trauma fracture: ~46%; hip fracture: 17.1–96.3%). Among 2353 community‐dwelling adults, risk factors associated with osteosarcopenia include older age [men: 14.3% (60–64 years) to 59.4% (≥75 years); women: 20.3% (60–64 years) to 48.3% (≥75 years), P < 0.05], physical inactivity [inverse relationship: 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46–0.88 (sexes combined)], low body mass index (inverse relationship: men: 0.84, 95% CI 0.81–0.88; women: 0.77, 95% CI 0.74–0.80), and higher fat mass (men: 1.46, 95% CI 1.11–1.92; women: 2.25, 95% CI 1.71–2.95). Among 148 geriatric inpatients, osteosarcopenic individuals demonstrate poorer nutritional status (mini‐nutritional assessment scores: 8.50 ± 2.52 points, P < 0.001) vs. osteoporosis or sarcopenia alone, while among 253 older Australians, osteosarcopenia is associated with impaired balance and functional capacity [odds ratios (ORs): 2.56–7.19; P < 0.05] vs. non‐osteosarcopenia. Osteosarcopenia also associates with falls (ORs: 2.83–3.63; P < 0.05), fractures (ORs: 3.86–4.38; P < 0.05), and earlier death [hazard ratio (1‐year follow‐up): 1.84, 95% CI; 0.69–4.92, P = 0.023] vs. non‐osteosarcopenia.ConclusionsThis syndrome is expected to grow in age‐related and disease‐related states, a likely consequence of immunosenescence coinciding with increased sedentarism, obesity, and fat infiltration of muscle and bone. Evidence suggests the pathophysiology of osteosarcopenia includes genetic polymorphisms, reduced mechanical loading, and impaired endocrine functioning, as well as altered crosstalk between muscle, bone, and fat cells. Clinicians should screen for osteosarcopenia via imaging methods (i.e. dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry) to quantify muscle and bone mass, in addition to assessing muscle strength (i.e. grip strength) and functional capacity (i.e. gait speed). A comprehensive geriatric assessment, including medical history and risk factors, must also be undertaken. Treatment of this syndrome should include osteoporotic drugs [bone anabolics/antiresorptives (i.e. teriparatide, denosumab, bisphosphates)] where indicated, and progressive resistance and balance exercises (at least 2‐3 times/week). To maximize musculoskeletal health, nutritional recommendations [protein (1.2–1.5 g/kg/day), vitamin D (800–1000 IU/day), calcium (1300 mg/day), and creatine (3–5 g/day)] must also be met. It is anticipated that diagnosis and treatment for osteosarcopenia will become part of routine healthcare in the future. However, further work is required to identify biomarkers, which, in turn, may increase diagnosis, risk stratification, and targeted treatments to improve health outcomes.
Mechanisms of TREG cell adaptation to inflammation
Authors: Alvarez Fernando , Al-Aubodah Tho-Alfakar , Yang Yujian H , Piccirillo Ciriaco A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Inflammation is an important defense mechanism. In this complex and dynamic process, drastic changes in the tissue micro-environment play key roles in dictating the nature of the evolving immune response. However, uncontrolled inflammation is detrimental, leading to unwanted cellular damage, loss of physiological functions, and even death. As such, the immune system possesses tools to limit inflammation while ensuring rapid and effective clearance of the inflammatory trigger. Foxp3+ regulatory T (TREG) cells, a potently immunosuppressive CD4+ T cell subset, play a crucial role in immune tolerance by controlling the extent of the response to self and non-self Ags, all-the-while promoting a quick return to immune homeostasis. TREG cells adapt to changes in the local micro-environment enabling them to migrate, proliferate, survive, differentiate, and tailor their suppressive ability at inflamed sites. Several inflammation-associated factors can impact TREG cell functional adaptation in situ including locally released alarmins, oxygen availability, tissue acidity and osmolarity and nutrient availability. Here, we review some of these key signals and pathways that control the adaptation of TREG cell function in inflammatory settings.