bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Lung Cancer Model in Wistar Rat and In Silico Screening of its Biomarkers
Authors: Alam Nisat , Najnin Hasina , Islam Maidul , Iqbal Saleem , Zaidi Rana 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Cancer is usually caused by three factors: Nutrition, inflammation and cigarette
smoke. This study on rat experimental models would enable us to understand the mechanism
of lung cancer caused by NNK to which humans are continuously exposed, help us understand possible
molecular targets, and assist in designing drugs for humans against lung cancer.

Aim:
A lung cancer model was developed by administering tobacco-specific carcinogen: NNK [4-
methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone] to male Wistar rats for 24 weeks. Furthermore, in
silico approach was followed to screen the molecular targets.

Methods:
A method was established in which subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injections of NNK
were administered to male Wistar rats simultaneously. For authentication of lung cancer in vivo, we
performed molecular docking simulations with protein biomarkers: Cox-2, p53, p38 MAPKs and
EGFR using Hex-Discovery Studio, Schrödinger-maestro software.

Results:
Lung morphology and histopathology indicated the initiation of bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia
and squamous dysplasia in the cancer 1 group after 16 weeks of NNK exposure. 66.66%
incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 33.3% incidence of adenocarcinoma were observed
in cancer 2 group after being exposed to NNK. Results indicated that the incidence of SCC
and adenocarcinoma gradually increased from 66.66% to 85.71% in cancer 2 group and from
33.33% to 42.58% in cancer 3 group, respectively. Docking results indicate the total binding energy
and glide energy of Cox-2, p53, p38 MAPKs, EGFR : 38.14, -211.58, -181.58, -213.05 Kcal/mol
and -39.25, -32.16,-36.49, -40.19 Kcal/mol, respectively.

Conclusion:
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma model was developed by administering tobacco-specific
carcinogen: NNK [4-methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone] to male Wistar rats in 24
weeks. In silico experiments confirmed EGFR to be the most potential target for NNK induced lung
Cancer.
Obesity and Cathepsin K: A Complex Pathophysiological Relationship in Breast Cancer Metastases
Authors: Vashum Yaongamphi , Khashim Zenith 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Breast cancer appears in a strong inclination to metastasize in bone tissue.
Several strategies are discussed in combating bone metastasis in breast cancer. However, therapy is
only palliative and does not provide any improvement in survival to the majority of patients with advanced
cancer. Obese and overweight women with breast cancer are three times more likely to develop
metastatic disease compared to normal-weight women with the same treatment regimen. Overweight
greatly intensify adipocytes formation in the bone marrow affecting bone metabolism by decreasing
osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cathepsin K (CTSK), a cysteine protease, effectively
degrades several components of the extracellular matrix and has the ability to differentiate adipocytes
from bone marrow lineage. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to emphasize the underlying
mechanism of CTSK and obesity role in breast cancer metastasis.

Methods:
Systematic review was performed using PubMed, EMBASE. The evidence of obesity and
CTSK in breast cancer skeletal metastasis were analyzed, summarized and compared.

Results:
The present investigation argues for a specific association of CTSK with breast cancer skeletal
metastasis by promoting adipocyte differentiation. The potential tumor-supporting roles of adipocytes
are well documented, and in fact, suppressing adipocyte could be a new therapeutic option in the
battle against lethal metastatic breast cancers.

Conclusion:
This review emphasizes CTSK through its multifaceted role in differentiating adipocytes,
inflammation, and extracellular degradation, may be a critical factor in an obesity-cancer connection.
Thus, integration of CTSK targeting strategies into established traditional therapies seems to hold substantial
promise.
T Cell Proliferative Responses and IgG Antibodies to β2GPI in Patients with Diabetes and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Monjezi Mohammad R. , Fouladseresht Hamed , Farjadian Shirin , Gharesi-Fard Behrouz , Khosropanah Shahdad , Doroudchi Mehrnoosh 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Diabetes increases the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) by 2 to 3 folds. Tlymphocytes
play a role in atherosclerosis, which is the main pathology behind MI. Cellular immune
responses to beta-2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) are shown in carotid atherosclerosis.

Objective:
To investigate the self-reactive, β2GPI-specific T-lymphocytes in patients with and without
diabetes and atherosclerosis.

Methods:
Collectively, 164 subjects with and without diabetes that underwent coronary angiography
were divided into four groups based on their diabetes status and coronary stenosis. Group I=Diabetic
with ≥50% stenosis: A+D+ (n=66); Group II=Non-diabetic with ≥50% stenosis, A+D- (n=39); Group
III=Diabetic with <50% stenosis: A-D+ (n=28); and Group IV=Non-diabetic with <50% stenosis: AD-
(n=31). All groups were evaluated for anti-β2GPI IgG antibody by ELISA method. Then, PBMCs
were isolated from 18 subjects and were stimulated with β2GPI-derived peptides to assess their proliferation
in accordance with their HLA-DRB1 alleles.

Results:
Mean β2GPI IgG levels were higher in groups with ≥50% stenosis (A+) compared to those
with <50% stenosis (A-), (P=0.02). The co-presence of diabetes in A+ individuals increased
mean β2GPI-specific IgG. Auto-reactive β2GPI-specific T cells were detected in the repertoire
of T-lymphocytes in all groups. β2GPI-peptides showed promiscuous restriction by various HLADRB1.

Conclusion:
β2GPI is the target of cellular and humoral immune responses in patients with atherosclerosis.
Since the T cell responses but not antibodies were detectable in A-D+ and A-D- groups, it is
reasonable to assume that cellular responses preceded the humoral responses. Post-translation modifications
of β2GPI under oxidative and glycemic stresses may have increased the IgG levels in patients
with diabetes. Finally, identification of antigens that trigger immuno-pathogenesis in atherosclerosis
and diabetes may help the development of immunomodulation methods to prevent or treat these debilitating
diseases.
CircRNA 001418 Promoted Cell Growth and Metastasis of Bladder Carcinoma via EphA2 by miR-1297
Authors: Peng Guorui , Meng Hongxue , Pan Hongxin , Wang Wentao 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Cancer is one of the major causes of human deaths at present. It is the leading
cause of deaths in developed countries. Moreover, Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been discovered
to play important roles in tumor genesis and development and are abnormally expressed in
bladder cancer .

Objective:
The present study aims to investigate the anti-cancer effects of circ 001418 on bladder carcinoma and its possible
mechanism.

Methods:
Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and gene chip were used to measure the circ 001418 expression. Cell proliferation and
transfer, apoptosis and caspase-8 and caspase-3 activity levels were measured using MTT, Transwell assay, Flow cytometry.
Caspase-3 and 9 activity levels, EphA2, cytochrome c and FADD protein expression were detected using Western blotting.

Results:
The expression of circ 001418 was increased in patients with bladder carcinoma. Over-expression of circ 001418
promoted cell proliferation and transfer, and reduced apoptosis in vitro model of bladder carcinoma. Down-regulation of Circ
001418 inhibited cell proliferation and transfer, and induced apoptosis in vitro model of bladder carcinoma. Meanwhile, Overexpression of circ 001418 induced EphA2 and cytochrome c protein expression, suppressed FADD protein expression in vitro
model of bladder carcinoma by suppression of miR-1297. MiR-1297 reduced the pro-cancer effect of circ 001418 on apoptosis
of bladder carcinoma.

Conclusion:
Results showed thatcircRNA 001418 promoted cell growth and metastasis of bladder carcinoma via EphA2 by
miR-1297.
Synthesis of Dandelion-like Porous Au Nanoparticles for Catalytic Reduction of Nitrophenol
Authors: Wu Huiying , Liang Feng 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Porous Au nanomaterials show great potential in the fields of
biomedicine, drug delivery, and catalysis for the merits of low density, large void space, and large
specific surface area. The preparation of porous Au nanomaterials is usually carried out by using a
hard-templating method, which is cumbersome.

Methods:
Dandelion-like porous Au nanoparticles were synthesized through a soft-templating
method in our work. The synthesized porous Au nanoparticles were characterized via transmission
electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and cyclic
voltammetry (CV). The reduction of nitrophenol was carried out to evaluate the catalytic behavior
of porous Au nanoparticles.

Results:
Porous Au nanoparticles prepared were in uniform size (47.9±6.4 nm) and the
morphology could be regulated by adjusting the molar ratio of reactants. The apparent rate constant
(kapp) value of reducing nitrophenol catalyzed by porous Au nanoparticles was higher than Au
nanospheres and nanobranches in a similar size. It could be attributed to a large amount of active
sites and high proportion of high-order crystal faces proved by CV and XRD.

Conclusion:
We developed a facile and reproducible method for synthesizing porous Au
nanoparticles. The morphology of porous Au nanoparticles can be ajusted by changing the molar
ratio of reactants. Porous Au nanoparticles that we prepared behaved better in catalysis compared
with Au nanospheres and Au nanobranches.
A Final Link From a Lost Arctic Expedition: A Letter by Sir John Franklin (1845)
Authors: Jin Hanna , Bailey Spenser 
Published: May 2020

Vol. 1, No. 3 (2019)
With contributions by Bijan Mansoorieh
This issue of SourceLab presents one of the last letters written by the Victorian explorer Sir John Franklin, who perished in the late 1840s while seeking the Northwest Passage.
This publication is part of the digital documentary edition series SourceLab, based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Our Editorial Board conducts rigorous peer-review of every edition.
Courtship, Community, and Conflict: Montgomery County in the Civil War
Authors: Arianlou Yoss , Beltran Allen , Daniels Russell , Khoshbin Broderick , Miller Michelle , Poker Kris 
Published: May 2020

Vol. 1, No. 5 (2019)
With contributions by Alison Mink.
This issue of SourceLab presents correspondence from the McNitt family archive. The McNitts lived in Montgomery County, Illinois during the US Civil War.
This publication is part of the digital documentary edition series SourceLab, based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Our Editorial Board conducts rigorous peer-review of every edition.
Las élites se movilizan para combatir la inseguridad. Estructura de apoyo y litigio estratégico en la regulación del cannabis
Authors: Martínez Carmona Gabriel 
Published: May 2020

<p><span class="fontstyle0">El presente artículo analiza el caso de México Unido Contra la Delincuencia (MUCD), grupo de la sociedad civil que emprendió una movilización legal para cuestionar el modelo prohibicionista en materia de drogas, en tanto consideran que éste es una de las causas primordiales de la inseguridad en México. Ante la negativa de los poderes Ejecutivo y Legislativo para establecer reformas, mucd acudió al poder Judicial, en donde cuestionó de manera indirecta la política prohibicionista del Estado mexicano. Mediante el análisis de entrevistas, documentos oficiales, así como del proyecto y sentencia de la Suprema Corte, este artículo sostiene que el éxito de la movilización radicó en la construcción de una estructura de apoyo, así como en la utilización del litigio estratégico, cuyo establecimiento de alianzas entre abogados, con vínculos sociales, profesionales y de parentesco de alto perfil jugó un papel central en la obtención de un fallo favorable de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación.</span><br /><br /></p>
Cómo el movimiento LGBT define disputar en derechos de minorías. Enmarcamiento legal mediante difusión relacional
Authors: Martínez Carmona Carlos Arturo 
Published: May 2020

<p><span class="fontstyle0">La literatura de movilización legal se ha apoyado en el concepto de “marco maestro” para comprender la definición de las demandas basadas en derechos de los movimientos sociales. Entrado el siglo xxi, en diferentes latitudes de América Latina, los movimientos LGBT presentaron un manejo discursivo y estrategias basadas en derechos, a pesar de que en sus contextos no se encontraba disponible un marco maestro legal. Mediante el estudio de caso de la movilización por el reconocimiento de las uniones entre parejas del mismo sexo en la Ciudad de México (2000-2006) este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender el proceso de definición de la disputa realizada por el movimiento. La comparación e interacción entre los movimientos LGBT y de mujeres permite sostener que por medio de “difusión relacional” los activistas concretaron un discurso y estrategias legales. Al seleccionar el caso de estudio por muestreo teórico esta investigación contribuye ampliando las categorías de análisis relacionadas con las definiciones legales de los movimientos LGBT latinoamericanos, y en general, es de utilidad para reconsiderar las categorías articuladas al concepto de enmarcamiento legal.</span> <br /><br /></p>
An efficient protocol for Cistus crispus L. (Cistaceae) micropropagation
Authors: Saia Sergio , Giovino Antonio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Cistus crispus (Cistaceae) is a species adapted to arid and semi-arid conditions, and it has ornamental and medicinal uses. In Italy, native populations of C. crispus are threatened by the collection due to the low number of individuals in the populations, anthropogenic pressure, and the changing environmental condition that enhance other more aggressive and hybridisable Cistus species. Here, we set up the variables for its micropropagation protocols to achieve a high number of plants per unit time. Various steps of the micropropagation protocol were modulated, including various sodium hypochlorite concentrations (CHCs) and time of sterilisation. The efficiency of the protocol maximised at 25 min sterilisation with 2.5% CHC and decreasing explant vitality at increasing time and CHC. Both shoot proliferation and root emissions were maximised at 1.78 μM N-6-benzyladenine (BA) in the growing medium, with up to 5.4 explants per cycle, with 5.8 roots per explant, and 84 healthy explants. Kinetin stimulated further the axillary root proliferation more than dimethylallylamino purine or BA. Lastly, the application of indole acetic acid increased root emissions during the acclimation stage more than the application of indole butyric acid, and this occurred irrespective of their concentrations, up to 2.0 μg · g−1. These results can foster the use of C. crispus as an ornamental species, for xeriscaping or for the extraction of its secondary compounds, which have various industrial uses. These results can also have an indirect implication for the conservation of the species by reducing the collection for ornamental purposes from its natural population.
Identification of the profile of endogenous cytokinin-like compounds during different plant growth stages and their effects on flower bud abscission in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)
Authors: Gundesli Muhammet Ali , Kafkas Salih , Guney Murat , Kafkas Nesibe Ebru 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Alternate bearing is a significant economic problem that affects fruit producers, consumers and the economy of a country. Concentrations of cytokinin (CK)-like compounds in different tissues of pistachio trees (Pistacia vera ‘Uzun’) were measured to elucidate the relationship between endogenous CKs and flower bud abscission (alternate bearing). Identification and quantification of CK-like compounds of the Z, DHZ and iP types from different physiological stages and tissues were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLCESI-MS/MS) techniques. Five to seven different CK-like compounds were detected, respectively. Isopentenyl adenine riboside (iPR) and trans-zeatin-O-glucoside (t-ZOG) were the main isoprenoid CKs, as the dominant conjugates in all the analysed organs of pistachio trees. The leaves and shoots of ‘On’-year trees had significantly higher CK contents than those of ‘Off’-year trees on all the sampling dates. Interestingly, the relatively high CK activity was recorded before flower bud abscission in the fractions corresponding to iPR and t-ZOG, while this activity dropped considerably during the flower bud abscission period (55 DAFB). Consequently, the strong negative correlation between CK concentration and bud abscission could be the first indication of the role of CK-like compounds in this unique phenomenon in the ‘Uzun’ pistachio cultivar. It was concluded that CKs could have an important role in the alternate bearing in pistachio.
Morphological and biochemical diversity among wild-grown carob trees (Ceratonia siliqua L.)
Authors: Korkmaz Nazan , Akin Meleksen , Koc Aysen , Eyduran Sadiye Peral , Ilhan Gulce , Sagbas Halil Ibrahim , Ercisli Sezai 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Tree, leaf, pod and seed morphology, as well as pod biochemistry of 36 wild-grown carob genotypes sampled from rural areas in Marmaris district located at western Turkey, were investigated. Leaf and pod dimensions, pod and seed weight, seed ratio, pod and seed colour and shape and surface traits were investigated. Soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity, vitamin C and protein and dietary fibre contents were also detected. Results showed significant differences for all quantitative traits, although differences are more pronounced for some pod (weight, width, length and thickness) and seed characteristics (weight, dimensions and ratio). Pod and seed colour, shape and surface qualitative threats were found to be quite variable among genotypes. The majority of genotypes had an open tree growth habit. Leaf length and width were found to be between 8.04 cm (M19) and 11.60 cm (M12) and 8.40 cm (M2) and 12.04 cm (M12) among genotypes. Pod weight ranged from 8.3 g (M35) to 29.5 g (M3) in the wild genotypes. The average pod dimensions (width, length and thickness) were between 14.27 and 23.38 mm, 12.54 and 21.67 cm and 4.80 and 8.37 mm, respectively. The SSC ranged from 49.36 to 69.36% in the pods of wild carob genotypes. The results of this study indicate a good genetic resource potential of Turkish wild carob populations for future breeding programmes.
Antioxidant properties and phenolic profile of the most widely appreciated cultivated berry species: A comparative study
Authors: Okatan Volkan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Berries are in the form of a semi-bush or shrub, soft fleshy, juicy, often small and edible. They are generally in bright colours and may sweet or sour in taste. The present study reports a comparison of the antioxidant properties and phenolic profile of the most consumed berry species, namely redcurrant (Ribes rubrum L.), blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.), red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.), gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.) and jostaberry (Ribes nidigrolaria Rud. Bauer & A. Bauer). Results of the present study suggested that the highest antioxidant activity (426.26 mg ∙ 100 g−1) and anthocyanin contents (226.33 mg ∙ 100 g−1) are found in Heritage variety of the raspberry species. The highest total phenol content was determined as 1,593.92 mg of Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE) in jostaberry fruits. The highest ascorbic acid content was obtained from the Goliath variety of blackcurrant as 2,659.26 mg ∙ 100 g−1. The highest ellagic acid value was found as 48.30 mg ∙ 100 g−1 in gooseberry, the highest fumaric and citric acid concentrations were noted from jostaberry fruits as 121.88 mg ∙ 100 g−1 and 14.84 mg ∙ 100 g−1, respectively, while the highest malic acid content was determined as 14.70 mg ∙ 100 g−1 in gooseberry fruits. Our results suggest that berries rich in antioxidant properties and phenolic profile may be an important raw plant material for both the pharmaceutical and food industries.
How to Manage Crowdsourcing Platforms Effectively
Authors: Blohm Ivo , Zogaj Shkodran , Bretschneider Ulrich , Leimeister Jan Marco 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Crowdsourced tasks are very diverse – and so are platform types. They fall into four categories, each demanding different governance mechanisms. The main goal of microtasking crowdsourcing platforms is the scalable and time-efficient batch processing of highly repetitive tasks. Crowdsourcing platforms for information pooling aggregate contributions such as votes, opinions, assessments and forecasts through approaches such as averaging, summation, or visualization. Broadcast search platforms collect contributions to solve tasks in order to gain alternative insights and solutions from people outside the organization, and are particularly suited for solving challenging technical, analytical, scientific, or creative problems. Open collaboration platforms invite contributors to team up to jointly solve complex problems in cases where solutions require the integration of distributed knowledge and the skills of many contributors. Companies establishing crowdsourcing platforms of any type should continuously monitor and adjust their governance mechanisms. Quality and quantity of contributions, project runtime, or the effort for conducting the crowdsourcing project may be good starting points.
Motivating Crowds to Do Good: How to Build Crowdsourcing Platforms for Social Innovation
Authors: Kohler Thomas , Chesbrough Henry 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Social innovations, just as any other form of innovation, can benefit from crowd engagement. However, the enthusiasm for crowdsourcing social innovation has so far run ahead of its effects. Many platforms are stillborn and struggle with turning their promising projects into sustaining platforms. As opposed to commercial crowd innovations projects, additional obstacles need to be handled here. Social innovation tends to be more complex and typically involves an entire ecosystem with complementary partners. In addition, funding is usually more difficult as the impact of doing good on a communal level is hard to assess and therefore difficult to explain to investors or sponsors. To make social innovation successful, the innovation platform design needs to tackle these additional challenges. The governance and coordination of social innovation projects need to be designed thoughtfully. Organizations need to be prepared for several loops and some experimentation to balance value generation with the right structure and the right mix of participants, consumers and other platform partners.
Crowdsourcing at NASA: About the Work Behind Having Others Do the Work
Authors: Stewart Ryon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Interview with Ryon Stewart, Challenge Coordinator at NASA’s Center of Excellence for Collaborative Innovation (CoECI)
NASA’s record of innovations is truly awesome. Every child knows about the first man on the moon and the space shuttle program, or marvels at images of outer space transmitted from NASA missions. It is less well-known that even the world-class engineers of NASA tap into the wisdom of crowds to solve their problems and devise groundbreaking solutions. In our interview, Ryon Stewart explains that innovation is less about a genius having a light-bulb idea while sitting at a desk and more about finding solutions that already exist – somehow, somewhere. Learn how NASA uses the power of crowds, why NASA’s workforce still won´t run out of work, and how even the bison at Yellowstone National Park contributed to problem-solving.