bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How cognitive loads modulate the postural control of older people with low back pain?
Authors: Ge Le , Yu Qiuhua , Wang Chuhuai , Huang Huanjie , Li Xin , Zhang ShanShan , Zhang SiYun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: PC is a strong risk factor for falling in older people, particularly in older individuals with low back pain (LBP). Cognitive involvement in postural control (PC) increases with age.However, most scholars have not considered different difficulty levels of cognitive loads when exploring the effects of cognition on PC in older patients with LBP. To investigate how different levels of cognitive loads modulate PC in older patients with LBP.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Twenty older women with LBP were recruited into the LBP group, and 20 healthy older women without the history of LBP were recruited into the healthy control (HC) group. Balance parameters were computed to quantify PC. All participants underwent the static balance test (SBT), which required the participant to maintain stability during standing on a force platform with or without a concurrent a cognitive task. The SBT included three levels of difficulties of posture tasks (eyes-open vs. eyes-closed vs. and one-leg stance) and three cognitive tasks (without cognitive task vs. auditory stimulation calculator task vs. serial-7s arithmetic task). Results: A repeated-measure analysis of variance (3 postural tasks × 3 congnitive tasks× 2 groups) testing the effects of the different congnitive task levels on the performance in different postural conditions.Older people with LBP had worse PC (as reflected by larger center of pressure (COP) parameters) than HCs regardless of postural or cognitive difficulties. Compared with the single task, the COP parameters of participants with LBP were larger during dual tasks, even though the difficulty level of the cognitive task was low. Larger COP parameters were shown only if the difficulty level of the cognitive task was high in HCs. Correlations between sway area/sway length and the number of falls were significant in dual tasks.Conclusion: Our findings shed light on the how cognitive loads modulate PC for older people with LBP. Compared with HCs, cognitive loads showed more disturbing effects on PC in older people with LBP, which was associated with falling.
Factors Associated with the Use of Primary Care Centres in Persons with Schizophrenia
Authors: Anguiano Mª Carmen Castillejos , Pérez Carlos Martín , Aragon Antonio Bordallo , Küstner Berta Moreno 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background. Patients with schizophrenia and related disorders have more physical problems than the general population. Primary care professionals play an important role in the care of these patients as they are the main entry point into the healthcare system. We aimed to identify patient, general practitioner, and primary care centre factors associated with the number of visits of patients with schizophrenia and related disorders to general practitioners.Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 13 primary care centres belonging to the Clinical Management Unit of Mental Health of the Regional Hospital of Málaga, Spain. The eligible population was composed of patients with schizophrenia and related disorders attending the primary care centres in the study area, and the general practitioners who attend these patients. Our dependent variable was the total number of general practitioner visits made by patients with schizophrenia and related disorders during the 3.5-year observation period. The independent variables were grouped into three: a) patient variables (sociodemographic and clinical), b) general practitioner variables, and c) primary care centre characteristics. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses using the random forest method were performed.Results. A total of 259 patients with schizophrenia and related disorders, 96 general practitioners, and 13 primary care centres were included. The annual mean was 3.9 visits per patient. The results showed that younger general practitioners, patients who were women, patients who were married, some primary care centres to which the patient belonged, taking antipsychotic medication, presenting any cardiovascular risk factor, and more frequency of mental health training sessions at the primary care centre were associated with an increased number of visits to general practitioners.Conclusions. The only general practitioner characteristic that was associated with the number of visits was age. There were also patient variables involved in the number of visits. Finally, mental health training for general practitioners was important for these professionals to manage patients with schizophrenia and related disorders.
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Serum Levels Sufficiently Predict Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of DHEA and Estradiol (E2) in Women at Term Pregnancy
Authors: Habib Pardes , Neulen Joseph , Habib Shahin , Rösing Benjamin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background and objectives:Neuroactive steroids such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4) are associated with structural and functional changes in the central nervous system (CNS). Measurement of steroid levels in the CNS compartments, though restricted in accessibility, is essential for clinical evaluation. Consequently, there is only limited human data on the correlation and equilibrium for steroid levels between peripheral and central compartments. While some neuroactive steroids including DHEA and E2 have been reported to convey excitatory and proconvulsant properties, the opposite was demonstrated for progesterone. We aimed to elucidate the correlation between peripheral and central DHEA, E2, and P4 levels in women at term pregnancy.Subjects and Methods:CSF and serum samples of 27 healthy pregnant women (22-39 years) at term pregnancy were collected simultaneously under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia and used for DHEA, E2, and P4 ELISA.Results:All three neuroactive steroids were detected at markedly lower levels in CSF compared to their corresponding serum concentrations (decrease, mean ± SD, 97.66 ± 0.83 %).We found a strong correlation for DHEA between its serum and the corresponding CSF levels (r=0.65, p=0.003). While a significant but weak correlation (r=0.39, p=0.046) was detected for P4, serum and CSF levels of E2 (r=0.31, p=0.12) appeared not to correlate in the investigated cohort. DHEA serum concentration correlated significantly with both E2 (r=0.58, p=0.0016) and P4 in CSF (r=0.39, p=0.046). A strong correlation between the steroids DHEA and E2 measured in CSF was found (r=0.65, p=0.0002), while no substantial correlation between DHEA and P4 was evident in this compartment (r=0.34, p=0.085). Conclusions: Peripheral DHEA levels might serve as a valid predictor for central nervous levels of the neuroactive steroids DHEA and E2 in pregnant women.
Genome-wide Analysis of the Rice Mate Gene Family: Identification, Genomic Organization and Expression Profiles in Response to Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Du Zhixuan , Su Qitao , Wu Zheng , Huang Zhou , Bao Jianzhong , Li Jianbin , Tu Hang , Zeng Chuihai , Fu Junru , He Haohua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins are involved in many physiological functions of plant growth and development. Although an increasing number of MATE proteins have been identified, the understanding of MATE proteins is still very limited in rice.Results: In this study, 46 MATE proteins were identified from the rice (Oryza sativa) genome by homology searches and domain prediction. In addition, physical and chemical properties of the encoded proteins, subcellular localization, chromosome localization, stress-related cis-elements in abiotic stresses were determined, and a phylogenetic analysis and conserved motif analysis were performed. The rice MATE family can be divided into four subfamilies. It is speculated that members of the rice MATE family have many potential functions, such as the transport and accumulation of flavonoids and alkaloids, the extrusion of plant or exogenous compounds, the regulation of disease resistance and the response to abiotic stress, based on the proteins and cis-acting elements with known functions in the same subfamily. Analysis of gene expression showed that most of the genes were constitutively expressed. Furthermore, eight MATE genes were chosen for qRT-PCR-based analysis and showed differential expression patterns in response to salt and drought stress. Conclusions: Phylogenetic analysis, element prediction, expression data and homology with other species provided strong evidence for functional homology of MATE gene in rice. The analysis results of this study provide comprehensive information on the MATE gene family in rice and will aid in understanding the functional divergence of MATE genes.
Risk Factors for Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kubota Hikaru , Miyawaki Daisuke , Mukumoto Naritoshi , Ishihara Takeaki , Matsumura Megumi , Hasegawa Takumi , Akashi Masaya , Kiyota Naomi , Shinomiya Hirotaka , Teshima Masanori , Nibu Ken‑ichi , Sasaki Ryohei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate factors associated with osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), focusing on jaw-related dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 616 patients with HNSCC treated with curative-intent or postoperative radiation therapy (RT) during 2008–2018. Patient-related (age, sex, history of smoking or alcohol use, diabetes mellitus, performance status, pre-RT dental evaluation, pre- or post-RT tooth extraction), tumor-related (primary tumor site, T-stage, nodal status), and treatment-related (pre-RT surgery, pre-RT mandible surgery, induction or concurrent chemotherapy, RT technique) variables and DVH parameters (relative volumes of the jaw exposed to doses of 10 Gy–70 Gy [V10–70]) were investigated and compared between patients with and without ORNJ. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare RT dose parameters. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with ORNJ development. Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed for cumulative ORNJ incidence estimation. Results: Forty-six patients (7.5%) developed ORNJ. The median follow-up duration was 40 (range, 3–145) months. The median time to ORNJ development was 27 (range, 2–127) months. DVH analysis revealed that V30-V70 values were significantly higher in patients with than in those without ORNJ. In univariate analyses, primary tumor site, pre-RT mandible surgery, post-RT tooth extraction, and V60 >14% were identified as important factors. In multivariate analyses, V60 >14% (p=0.0065) and primary tumor site (p=0.0059) remained significant. The 3-year cumulative ORNJ incidence rates were 2.5% and 8.6% in patients with V60 ≤14% and >14%, respectively (p<0.0001), and 1.4% and 9.3% in patients with oropharyngeal or oral cancer and other cancers, respectively (p<0.0001). Conclusions: V60 >14%, and oropharyngeal or oral cancer were found to be independent risk factors for ORNJ. These findings might be useful to minimize ORNJ incidence in HNSCC treated with curative RT.
Mentalization-Based Treatment for Adolescents with Conduct Disorder (MBT-CD): Protocol of a Feasibility and Pilot Study
Authors: Taubner Svenja , Hauschild Sophie , Korhas Lea , Kaess Michael , Sobanski Esther , Gablonski Thorsten-Christian , Schröder-Pfeifer Paul , Volkert Jana 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Conduct disorder (CD) is a complex mental disorder characterized by severe rule breaking and aggressive behaviour. While studies have shown that several therapeutic interventions are effective in treating CD symptoms, researchers call for treatments based on etiological knowledge and potential patho-mechanisms. Mentalization-based treatment (MBT) may represent such a treatment approach: Studies have shown that individuals with CD show mentalizing deficits and that mentalizing might represent a protective factor against the development of the disorder. As MBT focuses on the understanding of social behaviour in terms of mental states, fostering mentalizing might help CD individuals to (re)gain an adaptive way of coping with negative emotions especially in social interactions and thus reduce aggressive behaviour. For this purpose, MBT was adapted for adolescents with CD (MBT-CD). This is a protocol of a feasibility and pilot study primarily investigating the acceptability of the intervention and the scientific assessments by CD individuals and their families based on quantitative and qualitative data as well as necessary organizational resources. Secondary aim is to investigate the course of symptom severity and mentalizing skills.Methods: The bi-centre study is carried out in two outpatient settings associated with University Hospitals (Heidelberg and Mainz) in Germany. Adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years with a CD or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) diagnosis are included. Participants receive MBT-CD for 6 to 12 months. Primary outcome of the feasibility study (e.g. recruitment and adherence rates) will be descriptively analysed. Multilevel modelling will be used to investigate secondary outcome data.Discussion: Fostering the capacity to mentalize social interactions triggering non-mentalized, aggressive behaviour might help CD individuals to behave more adaptively. The feasibility trial is essential for gathering information on how to properly conduct MBT-CD including appropriate scientific assessments in this patient group, in order to subsequently investigate the effectiveness of MBT-CD in an RCT.
Interferon-based therapy did not attenuate hepatitis C-associated rheumatic disorder risk: A nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Cheng Jur-Shan , Hu Jing-Hong , Lin Yu-sheng , Lin Ming-Shyan , Ku Hsin-Ping , Chien Rong-Nan , Chang Ming-Ling 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWhether hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection increases the risk of rheumatic disorders and whether the associated risk is reversed by anti-HCV therapy remain elusive. We aimed to investigate these topics. MethodsA nationwide population-based cohort study of Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (TNHIRD) was conducted. ResultsOf 19,298,735 subjects, 3 TNHIRD cohorts (1:4:4, propensity score-matched), including HCV-treated (6,919 HCV-infected subjects with interferon and ribavirin therapy > 6 months), HCV-untreated (n=27,676) and HCV-uninfected (n=27,676) cohorts, were enrolled and had been followed since 2003 to 2015. HCV-uninfected cohort had the lowest 11-year cumulative incidence of rheumatic disorders [9.535%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.416~10.734%] (p<0.0001), while HCV-treated (14.95%; 12.417~17.704%) and HCV-untreated (14.999%; 13.585~16.479%) cohorts showed no difference in the cumulative incidences of rheumatic disorders (p=0.8316). Multivariate analyses showed, HCV infection [hazard ratio (HR):1.671; 95% CI HR: 1.562-1.788, p<0.0001], female sex (1.67; 1.565-1.782, p<0.0001), age> 49 years (1.168; 1.088-1.253, p<0.0001), Charlson comorbidity index > 1 (1.156; 1.074-1.245, p=0.0001), liver cirrhosis (0.795; 0.674-0.937, p=0.0062), chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (1.244; 1.134-1.364, p<0.0001), end stage renal disease (0.732; 0.549-0.974, p=0.0326), diabetes mellitus (0.91; 0.835-0.993, p=0.0333) and dyslipidemia (1.205; 1.108-1.31, p<0.0001) were associated with incident rheumatic disorders. Among the 3 cohorts, the untreated cohort had the highest cumulative incidence of overall mortality (29.163%; 27.218-31.133%, p<0.0001), while the treated (13.662%; 11.389-16.140%) and un-infected (9.99%; 8.548-11.559%) cohorts had indifferent mortalities (p=0.1796). ConclusionsHCV infection, baseline demographics and comorbidities were associated with the risks of rheumatic disorders. Although HCV-associated risk of rheumatic disorders might not be reversed by interferon-based anti-HCV therapy, which reduced the overall mortality in HCV-infected patients.
Dietary Supplementary of Modified Si-jun-zi&nbsp;Granule&nbsp;Promotes Intestinal Development and Enhances Mucosal Immunity of Weaned Rex Rabbits
Authors: Chen Shiqi , Liu Ning , Li Dongbo , Dou Haibo , Liu Quanjin , Liu Hanzhong , Wang Ping , Yu Zhiju , Shu Gang , Lin Juchun , Zhang Wei , Peng Guangneng , Zhao Ling , Tang Huaqiao , Zhang Kai , Wen Bin , Fu Hualin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Early-weaned in Rex rabbits and other animals is associated with the development and immunity of intestine. This article was aimed to investigate the potential benefits of a dietary supplementation, modified Si-jun-zi granule (M-SJZG), on enhancing immunity of small intestinal mucosa and promoting intestinal development of weaned Rex rabbits. Results: In the present study, we found that dietary supplementation with 2% modified Si-jun-zi granule decreased the diarrhea frequency and mortality due to early-weaned, and significantly increased the average daily gain; the length and relative weight of intestine; the concentration of immunoglobulin in serum and SIgA in intestinal mucus. Additionally, the activity of lipase was raised by dietary Si-jun-zi granule addition. However the activities of ALT, ALP and AST in serum were obviously decreased. Compared with the un-supplementation control group, the ratio of villi length to crypt depth and the expression of tight junction protein(zonula occludens-1, Claudin-1 and Occludin) and Glucose transporter (re-combinant Sodium/Glucose co-transporter 1 and recombinant Glucose transporter 2) in jejunum were raised. In addition, Moreover early development of intestine and the injury of intestinal mucosa induced by early-weaning also could be improved.Conclusions: This study indicated that modified Si-jun-zi granule has protective effects on diarrhea induced by early-weaning through enhancing immunity of small intestine mucosa and promoting intestinal development.
Thoracic Spine Pain in Adolescents and Its Association With Electronic Devices and Other Factors
Authors: Vitta Alberto de , Campos Leticia Dominguez , Bento Thiago P. F. , Felippe Lilian Assunção , Ramos Wagner Luiz , Fernandes Julio Alberto Agante , Maciel Nicoly Machado , Perrucini Priscila D. O. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of thoracic spine pain (TSP) in adolescents and to analyze its association with sociodemographic characteristics, use of electronic devices, habitual practice of physical activity and mental health problems. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1628 students of public schools from the city of Bauru/SP. Data collection: 1. Characterization of the participants, use of electronic devices (TV, computer, tablet and phone), psychosocial factors and lifestyle; 2. Strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ); 3. Baecke Questionnaire; 4. Nordic questionnaire. Descriptive analyzes, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used. Results: The overall prevalence of TSP was 51.5% (CI 49.1 to 53.9). Women showed a prevalence of 59.6% (CI 56.2 to 62.9) and men of 43.1% (CI 39.7 to 46.5), with significant difference. The variables associated with TSP were: female gender (PR= 1.96), use of computer for more than 3 hours per day (PR= 1.29), use of computer for more than 3 times per week (PR= 1.35), distance from eye to the computer screen (PR= 1.29), use of cell phone in semi-lying position (PR= 1.37), time of use of cell phone for more than 3 hours per day (PR= 1.44), use of tablet in sitting position (PR= 1.47) and presence of mental health problems (PR= 2.62) Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of TSP in adolescents and a marked association with female sex, the use of electronic devices, the presence of mental health problems. The level of physical activity was a protective factor.
Reduced human-biting preferences by the African malaria vectors Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae in an urban context: Controlled, competitive host-preference experiments in Tanzania
Authors: Mlacha Yeromin P , Chaki Prosper P. , Muhili Athuman , Massue Dennis J. , Tanner Marcel , Majambere Silas , Killen Gerry F , Govella Nicodem J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHost preference is a critical determinant of human exposure to vector-borne infections and also the impact of interventions. Widespread use of long-lasting insecticides treated nets (LLINs) and, indoor residual spraying (IRS) across sub-Saharan Africa, which protect humans against mosquitoes, may select for altered host preference traits of malaria vectors over the long term. Here, the host preferences of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto was experimentally assessed in the field, using direct host-preference assays in two distinct ecological settings in Tanzania. MethodsEight Ifakara Tent Trap (ITT), half of them baited with humans or bovine calves were simultaneously used to catch malaria vectors in open field sites urban and rural Tanzania. The numbers of mosquitoes collected in human-baited traps versus calf-baited traps were used to estimate human feeding preference of each malaria vector species present at each site. ResultsThe estimated proportion [95% confidence interval (CI)] of mosquitoes attacking humans rather than cattle was 0.60 [0.40, 0.77] for An. arabiensis in the rural setting and 0.61 [0.32, 0.85] for An. gambiae in the urban setting, indicating no preference for either host in both cases (P=0.32 and 0.46, respectively) and no difference in preference between the two (Odds Ratio (OR) [95%] = 0.95 [0.30, 3.01], P=0.924). However, only a quarter of An. arabiensis in the urban setting attacked humans (0.25 [0.09, 0.53]), indicating a preference for cattle that approached significance (P=0.08). Indeed, urban An. arabiensis were less likely to attack humans rather than cattle when compared to the same species in the rural setting (OR [95%] = 0.21 [0.05, 0.91], P =0.037). ConclusionUrban An. arabiensis had a stronger preference for cattle than the rural population in this or previous studies, all of which reported similar traits for this species in rural contexts. Furthermore, the urban An. gambiae assessed here had a weaker preference for humans over cattle than reported by previous studies of the same species in rural contexts. Cattle keeping may therefore particularly limit the impact of human-targeted vector control interventions in Dar es Salaam and perhaps in other African towns and cities.