bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Perspectives on Headache After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hoffman Jeanne M. , Lucas Sylvia , Dikmen Sureyya , Temkin Nancy 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundHeadache after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequent and persistent over the first year after injury. Providers may need to focus on different symptom presentations depending on their patient's TBI severity.ObjectiveWe evaluated headache symptoms in patients with moderate‐to‐severe TBI compared to patients with mild TBI and examined our data from two perspectives: (1) from providers who treat individuals after TBI and manage multiple postinjury symptoms including headache, and (2) from headache specialists who see individuals after TBI to manage headache.DesignProspective enrollment of individuals after TBI with telephone follow‐up at 1‐year postinjury.SettingEnrollment from hospital and then community followup.ParticipantsThree hundred forty‐six individuals with moderate‐to‐severe TBI were enrolled during acute inpatient rehabilitation across seven TBI Model System Centers. One hundred eighty‐nine individuals with mild TBI were enrolled within 1 week of injury at a single center.InterventionNone.Main Outcome MeasurementsHeadache frequency, headache type, pain intensity, Headache Impact Test‐6 (HIT‐6), and depressive symptoms measured 1 year after injury.ResultsHeadache prevalence is high in both TBI groups. TBI providers are more likely to evaluate and treat headache from individuals sustaining a mild TBI versus moderate‐to‐severe TBI. Patients with mild TBI are most likely to report tension‐type headache followed by migraine‐type headache. The migraine‐type headache has higher impact (HIT‐6) and greater pain intensity. Headache specialists may encounter patients with moderate‐to‐severe TBI who report more frequent headache and higher average pain scores compared to patients with mild TBI. The severity of TBI was unrelated to depressive symptoms 1 year after injury, but patients with headache were significantly more likely to have higher scores.ConclusionsTBI providers versus headache specialists should be aware of differences in patient symptom presentation to their respective clinics. Ongoing assessment of headache and depression over time is important following TBI of any severity.
Evidence of alloy formation in CoNi nanoparticles synthesized by nanosecond‐pulsed discharges in liquid nitrogen
Authors: Trad Mahmoud , Nominé Alexandre , Noël Cédric , Ghanbaja Jaafar , Tabbal Malek , Belmonte Thierry 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProducing alloy nanoparticles by discharge‐assisted erosion of electrodes immersed in liquid nitrogen is possible in the cobalt–nickel system. Several electrode configurations are tested. When one nickel electrode faces one cobalt electrode, CoxNi1−x alloy nanoparticles are produced with nickel cubic nanoparticles and cobalt round‐shaped faceted nanoparticles. The possibility of forming alloys is attributed to a sufficiently long residence time of both parent clusters within the discharge and to their total miscibility. It is also possible to form submicrometric CoxNi1−x alloy particles when discharges between cobalt electrodes are run in liquid nitrogen loaded with nickel nanoparticles produced in a former step. Starting by discharges between Co electrodes before Ni electrodes do not produce any alloy. The two mechanisms responsible for alloy synthesis are discussed.
An assessment model of fire resources demand for storage of hazardous chemicals
Authors: Zhou Ning , Xu Beier , Li Xue , Cui Ruqing , Liu Xuanya , Yuan Xiongjun , Zhao Huijun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work is to address the scientific assessment methodology of fire protection power and theoretical fire resource requirements for hazardous chemicals storage fires. The evolution chain of accident, accident risk and its impact on the surrounding area of hazardous chemicals storage fire and explosion accidents are analyzed. According to different storage modes of hazardous chemical substances, the fuzzy comprehensive assessment method was used to construct a secondary evaluation index group for fire resource requirements. The judgment matrix is established to evaluate the index weight of each influence factor of foam extinguishing efficiency based on the analytic hierarchy process. A forecasting model of fire resource demand has been constructed. The principal results are that the coefficient of foam dosage of storage rank, warehouse and stock dump in actual combat is 3.3, 3.2949, and 3.3147, respectively. Combined with the fire geographic information system, fire equipment can be allocated more reasonably. This can maximize the fire extinguishing performance of the equipment and improve the firefighting of hazardous chemicals scientifically and effectively. The research results are of great significance for the scientific prediction of the fire protection resources requirements of hazardous chemicals storage fires.
“I Post, therefore I Become #cosmopolitan”: The materiality of online representations of study abroad in China
Authors: Lee Kris Hyesoo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDrawing on social media content created by Western‐situated transnational students as well as two international branch campuses in China, this article scrutinises the textual and visual rhetoric made available by transnational students and international branch campuses for public consumption. Particularly, it describes the ways in which intranational branch campuses and transnational students co‐produce, perform, and curate cosmopolitan sensibilities through social media. Theoretically, this paper proposes the analytical lens of materiality as one way to understand the narrative strategies employed by international branch campuses to construct China as a unique and desirable destination for international education, and by transnational students from North America and European countries to exhibit cosmopolitan practices within domains of their everyday life in China.
Demystifying and unravelling the molecular structure of the biopolymer sporopollenin
Authors: Mikhael Abanoub , Jurcic Kristina , Schneider Celine , Karr David , Fisher Gregory L. , Fridgen Travis D. , Diego‐Taboada Alberto , Georghiou Paris E. , Mackenzie Grahame , Banoub Joseph 
Published: January 2020

RationaleWe report the unsolved molecular structure of the complex biopolymer sporopollenin exine extracted from Lycopodium clavatum pollen grains.MethodsTOF‐SIMS and CID‐MS/MS, MALDI‐TOF‐MS and CID‐TOF/TOF‐MS/MS were used for the analysis of this complex biopolymer sporopollenin exine extracted from Lycopodium clavatum pollen grains. Solid‐state 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, 2D 1H‐1H NOESY, Rotor‐synchronized 13C{1H} HSQC, and 13C{1H} multi CP‐MAS NMR experiments were used to confirm the structural assigments revealed by MS and MS/MS studies. Finally, high‐resolution XPS was used to check for the presence of aromatic components in sporopollenin.ResultsThe combined MS and NMR analyses showed that sporopollenin contained poly(hydroxy acid) dendrimer‐like networks with glycerol as a core unit, which accounted for the sporopollenin empirical formula. In addition, these analyses showed that the hydroxy acid monomers forming this network contained a β‐diketone moiety. Moreover, MALDI‐TOF‐MS and MS/MS allowed us to identify a unique macrocyclic oligomeric unit composed of polyhydroxylated tetraketide‐like monomers. Lastly, high‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR‐XPS) showed the absence of aromaticity in sporopollenin.ConclusionsWe report for the first time the two main building units that form the Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin exine. The first building unit is a macrocyclic oligomer and/or polymer composed of polyhydroxylated tetraketide‐like monomeric units, which represents the main rigid backbone of the sporopollenin biopolymer. The second building unit is the poly(hydroxy acid) network in which the hydroxyl end groups can be covalently attached by ether links to the hydroxylated macrocyclic backbone to form the sporopollenin biopolymer, a spherical dendrimer. Such spherical dendrimers are a typical type of microcapsule that have been used for drug delivery applications. Finally, HR‐XPS indicated the total absence of aromaticity in the sporopollenin exine.
Analysis of heterogeneous satellite networks with multi‐user detectors
Authors: Sirigina Rajendra Prasad , AS Madhukumar , Bowyer Mark 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn this work, a heterogeneous network, where both terrestrial‐ and multiple spot beam‐based geosynchronous satellite networks use the same sub‐channel, is investigated. Moreover, the satellite uses same sub‐channel to serve users across all spot beams. Apart from inter spot beam interference, satellite users also receive strong interfering signal from the terrestrial base station. The satellite receivers manage the inter system interference (ie, interference from terrestrial network) while the inter spot beam interference is mitigated through precoding at the gateway. To be specific, the following interference‐aware detectors are used to mitigate the inter system interference: successive interference canceller (SIC) and joint decoder (JD). The proposed decoders are shown to achieve better data rate and bit error rate (BER) than the interference ignorant decoder at moderate to strong interference levels. Although JD and SIC achieve same sum rate at moderate and strong interference levels, JD is shown to allow the terrestrial user achieve higher data rate than SIC.
Scar Tissue‐Targeting Polymer Micelle for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment
Authors: Wang Jingkai , Li Dongdong , Liang Chengzhen , Wang Chenggui , Zhou Xiaopeng , Ying Liwei , Tao Yiqing , Xu Hongxia , Shu Jiawei , Huang Xianpeng , Gong Zhe , Xia Kaishun , Li Fangcai , Chen Qixin , Tang Jianbin , Shen Youqing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disorder, leading to permanent motor and sensory deficit. Despite recent advances in neurosciences, the treatment efficacy on SCI patients remains unsatisfactory, mainly due to the poor accumulation, short retention, and lack of controlled release of therapeutics in lesion tissue. Herein, an injured spinal cord targeting prodrug polymer micelle is built. An esterase‐responsive bond is used to link apocynin (APO) monomer, because of the enhanced esterase activity found in microglia cells after activation, which ensures a controlled degradation of APO prodrug (Allyloxypolyethyleneglycol‐b‐poly [2‐(((4‐acetyl‐2‐methoxyphenoxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl methacrylate], APEG‐PAPO or PAPO) by activated microglia cells. A scar tissue‐homing peptide (cysteine‐alanine‐glutamine‐lysine, CAQK) is introduced to the PAPO to endow the polymer micelle the lesion tissue‐targeting ability. As a result, this CAQK‐modified prodrug micelle (cPAM) exhibits an improved accumulation and prolonged retention in lesion tissue compared to the control micelle. The cPAM also leads to superior tissue protection and sustained motor function recovery than the control groups in a mouse model of SCI. In conclusion, the cPAM induces an effective treatment of SCI by the lesion tissue specific delivery of the prodrug polymer via its robust scar binding effect, making the scar tissue a drug releasing platform for sustained treatment of SCI.
Hydrophilic Ultralong Organic Nanophosphors
Authors: You Yongqiang , Huang Kaiwei , Liu Xiaojia , Pan Xi , Zhi Jiahuan , He Qianjun , Shi Huifang , An Zhongfu , Ma Xing , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUltralong organic phosphorescence (UOP), enabling of persistent luminescence after removal of external excitation light, shows great promise in biological applications such as bioimaging in virtue of antibackground fluorescence interference. Despite of good biocompatibility and outstanding phosphorescent properties, most current organic phosphors are hydrophobic with poor water solubility in the form of bulk crystal with large size, limiting their potential in the biological field. Here, a facile and versatile approach is provided to obtain nanoscale hydrophilic phosphorescent phosphors (HPPs) by physically loading ultralong organic phosphors into hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The as‐prepared HPPs can be well suspended in aqueous solution and effectively internalized by HeLa cells with very low cytotoxicity. Such HPPs are successfully applied for afterglow bioimaging in living nude mice with a very high signal‐to‐noise ratio up to 31. The current study not only provides a universal strategy to realize UOP in aqueous media but also demonstrates their great potential for biomedical purposes as an advanced imaging indicator with long‐lived emission lifetime.
Impact of the protein corona on nanomaterial immune response and targeting ability
Authors: Digiacomo Luca , Pozzi Daniela , Palchetti Sara , Zingoni Alessandra , Caracciolo Giulio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOver the last decade nanomaterials have had a major impact on human health for the early detection and treatment of many diseases. The future success of clinically translatable nanomaterials lies in the combination of several functionalities to realize a personalized medical experience for patients. To maintain promises, concerns arising from toxic potential and off‐target accumulation of nanomaterials must be addressed first. Upon introduction to a complex biological system (e.g., following systemic administration), nanomaterials interact with all the encountered biomolecules and form the protein corona, a complex coating of plasma proteins that provides them with a totally new biological identity. As the protein corona controls the nanomaterial behavior in vivo, a precise knowledge of the relationship between biological identity and physiological response is needed but not yet achieved. Based on impressive progress made thus far, this review critically discusses how the protein corona activates immune response and influences the targeted delivery of nanomaterials. Furthermore, we comment on emerging strategies to manipulate protein binding in order to promote formation of designer artificial coronas and achieve a desired therapeutic outcome. We conclude by debating challenges that must be overcome to obtain widespread clinical adoption of nanomaterials.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Intraarticular injection of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhances regeneration in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Doyle Emily Claire , Wragg Nicholas Martin , Wilson Samantha Louise 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeThis review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular injections of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA).MethodsThis narrative review evaluates recent English language clinical data and published research articles between 2014 and 2019. Key word search strings of (((“bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell” OR “bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell” OR “bone marrow stromal cell”)) AND (“osteoarthritis” OR “knee osteoarthritis”)) AND (“human” OR “clinical”))) AND “intra-articular injection” were used to identify relevant articles using PMC, Cochrane Library, Web Of Science and Scopus databases.ResultsPre-clinical studies have demonstrated successful, safe and encouraging results for articular cartilage repair and regeneration. This is concluded to be due to the multilineage differential potential, immunosuppressive and self-renewal capabilities of BM-MSCs, which have shown to augment pain and improve functional outcomes. Subsequently, clinical applications of intra-articular injections of BM-MSCs are steadily increasing, with most studies demonstrating a decrease in poor cartilage index, improvements in pain, function and Quality of Life (QoL); with moderate-to-high level evidence regarding safety for therapeutic administration. However, low confidence in clinical efficacy remains due to a plethora of heterogenous methodologies utilised, resulting in challenging study comparisons. A moderate number of cells (40 × 106) were identified as most likely to achieve optimal responses in individuals with grade ≥ 2 KOA. Likewise, significant improvements were reported when using lower (24 × 106) and higher (100 × 106) cell numbers, although adverse effects including persistent pain and swelling were a consequence.ConclusionOverall, the benefits of intra-articular injections of BM-MSCs were deemed to outweigh the adverse effects; thus, this treatment be considered as a future therapy strategy. To realise this, long-term large-scale randomised clinical trials are required to enable improved interpretations, to determine the validity of efficacy in future studies.Level of evidenceIV.
New Screening Tool for Aortic Root Dilation in Children with Marfan Syndrome and Marfan-Like Disorders
Authors: Wozniak-Mielczarek Lidia , Sabiniewicz Robert , Nowak Radosław , Gilis-Malinowska Natasza , Osowicka Michalina , Mielczarek Maksymilian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne of the roles of a pediatric cardiologist who suspects or diagnoses a genetically determined connective tissue disease (e.g., Marfan, Ehlers–Danlos, and Loeys–Dietz syndromes) is to assess whether the aortic root is dilated. The aortic root diameter is affected by the patient’s age, sex, and body surface area. Therefore, the aortic root diameter needs to be determined and expressed as a z-score. Calculation of the z-score is time-consuming and problematic if used infrequently. This study aimed to introduce a simple screening method for identifying aortic root dilation in children. The study population consisted of 190 children who were diagnosed with Marfan syndrome or Marfan-like disorders. The aortic root ratio (ARr) was formulated. The value of the ARr was compared in each patient with the results in z-scores, which were obtained using on-line calculators based on the most widespread nomograms. The optimal cut-off value of the ARr was ≥ 18.7. At this cut-off point, the sensitivity of the ARr ranged from 88.3% to 100% and the specificity ranged from 94% to 97.8%. All of the patients in whom the ARr failed to identify aortic root dilation were also divergently classified by different nomograms. At the ARr cut-off point of ≥ 18.0, a sensitivity of 100% was achieved for all nomograms with minimal reduction in specificity. The ARr allows for rapid and precise screening for aortic root dilation in children. Unlike classic analysis, the ARr does not require nomograms or on-line calculations.
Computed tomography-guided radiofrequency ablation combined with transarterial embolization assisted by a three-dimensional visualization ablation planning system for hepatocellular carcinoma in challenging locations: a preliminary study
Authors: Huang Zhi-mei , Zuo Meng-xuan , Gu Yang-kui , Gu Hai-feng , Lai Chun-xiao , Zhang Tian-qi , Wang Xiu-chen , An Chao , Huang Jin-hua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective
To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of computed tomography-guided radiofrequency ablation(CT-RFA) combined with transarterial embolization(TAE) assisted by a three-dimensional visualization ablation planning system(3DVAPS) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in challenging locations.

Methods
Data from 62 treatment-naive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), with 83 lesions in challenging locations, and who met the Milan criteria and underwent CT-RFA between June 2013 and June 2016 were reviewed. Patients were divided into one of two groups according to different treatment modalities: study group (TAE combined with RFA assisted by 3DVAPS [n = 32]); and control (RFA only [n = 30]). Oncological outcomes included ablation-related complications, local tumor progression (LTP), and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to assess risk factors associated with LTP and OS.

Results
HCC lesions (mean size, 1.9 ± 1.0 mm in diameter) abutting the gastrointestinal tract (n = 25), heart and diaphragm (n = 21), major vessels (n = 13), and gallbladder (n = 3) were treated. A significant difference was detected in LTP between the two groups (P = 0.034), with no significant difference in OS between the two groups (P = 0.193). There were no severe complications related to ablation. Univariate analysis revealed that sex (P = 0.046) and child-turcotte-pugh (CTP) grade (P<0.001) were risk factors for OS, whereas CTP grade and treatment method (P<0.001) were risk factors for LTP. Multivariate analysis revealed that CTP grade B (P = 0.005) was independently associated with poor OS, and RFA alone (P<0.001) was independently associated with poor LTP.

Conclusion
CT-RFA combined with TAE assisted by a 3DVAPS provided ideal clinical efficiency for HCC in challenging locations and was a highly safe treatment modality.
Multicenter Validation of the Revised Assessment of Bleeding and Transfusion (RABT) Score for Predicting Massive Transfusion
Authors: Hanna Kamil , Harris Charles , Trust Marc D. , Bernard Andrew , Brown Carlos , Hamidi Mohammad , Joseph Bellal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMassive transfusion (MT) is a lifesaving treatment for hemorrhaging patients. Predicting the need for MT is crucial to improve survival. The aim of our study was to validate the Revised Assessment of Bleeding and Transfusion (RABT) score to predict MT in a multicenter cohort of trauma patients.MethodsWe performed a (2015–2017) analysis of adult (age ≥ 18 year) trauma patients who had a high‐level trauma team activation at three Level I trauma centers. The RABT was calculated using the 4‐point score [blunt (0)/penetrating trauma (1), shock index ≥ 1 (1), pelvic fracture (1), and FAST positive (1)]. A RABT score of ≥ 2 was used to predict MT (≥ 10 units of packed red blood cells within 24 h). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated to assess the score's predictive power compared to the Assessment of Blood Consumption (ABC) score.ResultsWe analyzed 1018 patients: 216 (facility I), 363 (facility II), and 439 (facility III). The mean age was 41 ± 19 year, and the injury severity score (ISS) was 29 [22–36]. The overall MT rate was 19%. The overall AUROC of RABT ≥ 2 was 0.89. The sensitivity of the RABT ≥ 2 was 78%, and the specificity was 91%. The RABT score had a higher sensitivity (78% vs. 69%) and specificity (91% vs. 82%) than the ABC score.ConclusionThe RABT score is a valid tool to predict MT in severely injured trauma patients. It is an objective score that aids clinicians in predicting the need for MT to mobilize blood products and minimize the waste of resources.