bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of economic activity in coastal community (Case study: Bulu Cindea village, Bungoro district, Pangkep region of South Sulawesi)
Authors: Ali M , Rusli M , Ekawati S A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The tropical coastal and ocean region is a very productive area because this region is generally a place of concentration of economic activity. The main activities in Bulu Cindea Village consist of capture fisheries, pond aquaculture, agriculture, salt, and industry. The purpose of this study is to identify the economic activities of the community in Bulu Cindea Village. The analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis technique to compare the existing and ideal conditions as well as the analysis of production projections to see the needs for the next five years. The results show that in the implementation of economic activities in Bulu Cindea Village there is still some that are not in accordance with the standard criteria (ideal conditions) which resulted in economic activities being less than optimal, fish auction places (TPI), and in some ponds are transferred as agricultural land which is adjusted to the slope.
The development of infrastructure in small islands based on environmental carrying capacity (Case study: Ndao Island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia)
Authors: Kurdi S Z 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Small islands with an area of 2000 km2 or less are vulnerable to sea level rising and accessibility. The availability of infrastructure plays essential roles in socio-economic activities and regional development. However, not all small islands can have the infrastructure needed, except those that have been selected and included in the regional/local government program on the priority of infrastructure provision. The small island of Ndao that locates in the Eastern Region of Indonesia has been developing after being formed into a sub-district in 2011. This paper discusses the possibility of Ndao Island for further development based on the criteria of environmental carrying capacity and vulnerability. The primary data obtained in 2017 and analysed with the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) method, indicates that Ndao Island is recognised of having low carrying capacity and a deficit of clean water. Ndao has potential natural resources. Therefore, the Local Government has to include this island in the program of priority development by prioritizing the provision of clean water as its supply is limited and low quality due to seawater intrusion. Expectantly these findings become input in determining the priority development and estimating the future population following the carrying capacity of the environment.
Effect of limestone and buton granular asphalt (BGA) on density of asphalt concrete wearing course (AC-WC) mixture
Authors: Tumpu M , Tjaronge M W , Djamaluddin A R , Amiruddin A A , One La 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This research aims to examine feasibility of local material of limestone as asphalt pavement aggregate and also Buton Granular Asphalt (BGA) was used for petroleum bitumen partial replacement in the Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixture. The research method used is a laboratory experimental. Density of asphalt mix determined by void in mix (VIM) referred to Bina Marga specification, i.e. minimum 2,5%. The results showed that all of the mixtures meet the standard density which compacted by 2 × 75 blows. The secondary density was evaluated by using the specimen compacted with 2 × 200 blows. The secondary density AC-WC mix used limestone and petroleum bitumen pen. 60/70 binder did not meet the Bina Marga requirements, while AC-WC mix used limestone, petroleum bitumen pen. 60/70 and 10,5% BGA satisfied the stipulade of Bina Marga requirements.
Effects of vibration time on compressive strength and corrosion resistance of steel bars in concrete
Authors: Caronge M A , Tjaronge M W , Irmawaty R , Bakri B , Hamuddin S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, In this paper, effects of vibration time (0, 10 and 20 seconds) on compressive strength and corrosion resistance of steel bar in concrete are experimentally investigated. Compressive strength of concrete was performed on cylindrical specimens of Ø100x200 mm with water cement ratio (w/c) 0.52 after 28 days curing in tap water. Cylindrical specimens of Ø100x200 mm having 16 mm diameter of steel bar are considered for corrosion study. The specimens were subjected to cyclic wetting and drying regime up to 15 cycles. In wet cycle the specimens are immersed in sea water for 3 days, while in dry cycle the specimens were placed in open air for 4 days. The corrosion activity is monitored by measuring the copper/copper sulphate (CSE) half-cell potential according to ASTM C-876. The chloride penetration depths of concretes are also measured after 28 days immersed in 10% NaCl solution. Results show that compressive strength, chloride penetration depths and corrosion of steel bars is significantly affected by vibration time.
The potential utilization of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) waste as fine aggregate replacement in asphalt mixture
Authors: Meraudje A , Ramli M I , Pasra M , Amiruddin A A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
One of the environmental issues in most regions of Indonesia is the large number of bottles made from poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) deposited in domestic wastes and landfills. Due to the high volume of these bottles, more than 1 million m3 landfill spaces are needed for disposal every year. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the possibility of using PET waste in asphalt concrete mixes as fine aggregate replacement to reduce the environmental effects of PET disposal. Based on the test results, in term of horizontal stress and indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) the use of waste PET waste increased the performance of the asphalt mixture prepared by the MBA.
Correlation of modulus elasticity of Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) towards Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) laboratory
Authors: Caroles L , Djamaluddin A R , Amiruddin A A , Arsyad A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Develop a new laboratory LWD and this study aims to analyse the laboratory version of the LWD with the field version of the LWD currently developed by Bina Marga, Indonesia. Basically, the working principle of the developed laboratory LWD is same as the LWD equipment in the field, which is an instrument that can measure deflection value and modulus of elasticity through load impulses arising from a load with a specific weight dropped at a certain height on a plate surface with a particular area on a pavement surface that is will cause deflection that is measured using a displacement sensor. A series of studies were conducted to compiled an equation that provides a correlation between the laboratory LWD and the LWD used in the field.
Effect of hollow core using plastic bottle to the flexural behaviour of RC beam
Authors: Sariman S , Djamaludin R , Irmawaty R , Parung H. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the behaviour of hollow core placing in the tension zone of reinforced concrete beams. The hollow was filled with plastic bottle waste. The partial replacement of concrete below the neutral axis by using a different layer of plastic bottles was discussed. The cross-section is filled with plastic bottles, in order to get a lighter structure, reduce the volume of concrete/cement and the reduction of environmental pollution. This study used RC beams with concrete strength of 25 MPa and dimensions of 150 x 350 mm, with 3D16 mm longitudinal reinforcement with the yielding strength of 475 MPa. Four type specimens are tested, consisting of control beam and hollow beams type with the height variation of 600 mm (BR1C), and 1800 mm (BR3C). The length of the hollow for each type was 1760 mm (8 bottles) The results indicated that the flexural capacity of the reinforced concrete beam with hollow-core using plastic bottles was almost same with the normal beam. Moreover, the effect of the height of the hollow core was also insignificant on the flexural capacity, where the beam with higher hollow-core showed similar flexural capacity with the beam having a lower hollow. However, the stiffness of reinforced concrete beam was affected by the height of the hollow core, inherent the higher the hollow core, the smaller the stiffness of the beams.
Effect of working method on the strength reduction of reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Fakhruddin  , Umam K , Djamaluddin R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Poor workmanship and improper construction methods often lead to the reduction of the concrete strength. This paper aims to investigate the effect of working methods on the strength reduction of concrete. Nine beams with the dimension of 150 mm wide, 200 mm depth and 3300 mm length were tested with the variation of compaction method and curing method. The variation of compaction methods was by using vibrator (V), tamping rod in the first layer only (1L), and tamping rod in all layers (3L). Meanwhile, the variation of curing methods was by using water (W), wet burlap (K), and room temperature (RT). The results indicated that the beam that was compacted using vibrator and cured in water (V-W) showed the highest flexural capacity. On the other hand, the beam that was compacted with the tamping rod in one layer and curing at the open space (1L-RT) showed the lowest flexural capacity. The experimental results were compared with analytical calculation to obtain strength reduction factor. According to Indonesian Code SNI 2847:2013, the strength reduction factor for the reinforced concrete beams is maximum 0.8. The V-W beam showed the smallest strength reduction factor of 0.93, while 1L-RT beam showed the highest strength reduction factor of 0.75. Therefore, the results indicated that working methods of using one layer tamping road was exceeded the maximum the strength reduction factor specified by Indonesia Code.
Reduced stiffness as structure acceptance criteria on cyclical loading in castellated beams
Authors: Aswad N H , Tachrir  , Syarif S , Nasrul  , Parung H , Amiruddin A A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The performance of RBS (Reduced Beam Section) on the exterior connection structure of castellated beam-column with cyclic loading method was tested on three specimens, which were the steel castellated beam without RBS (WRBSC), castellated steel beam with the RBS-1 (RBSC-1), and castellated steel beams with the RBS-2 model (RBSC-2). The three specimens were designed in an assumption of the strong column-weak beam and other assumptions based on seismic regulations as a condition for earthquake resistant building planning. This study presents the results of each specimen when given a certain structural response. The results also provide a detailed description of the test results starting from lateral axial loads. The lateral force was assumed to be the most dominant force acting in this experimental test, while the gravitational force was considered insignificant. Thus, this test only obtained structural performance when alternating lateral forces (cyclic test) was applied to the column frame structure and castellated steel beams. The values of life safety (LS) for the three specimens were 2.1 while the CP (Collapse Prevention) values of WRBSC, RBSC-1, RBSC-2 reached 4.3, 4.1, and 3.6, respectively.
Reinforced concrete mixture using abaca fiber
Authors: Tampi R , Parung H , Djamaluddin R , Amiruddin A A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This research study discusses the reinforcement of concrete mix design using abaca fiber. The process of mixing the abaca fibrous concrete used in this mixing is the dry mixing method. The addition of abaca fiber to concrete mixture was done with abaca fiber composition with fiber variation: 0%; 0.15%; 0.20%; 0,25% and variation of fiber length: 25 mm; 37.5 mm; 50 mm. The specimens of cylindrical material (100mmx200mm) and beam (100mmx100mmx400mm), are tested after the test object reaches the age of 28 days in the Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and are evaluated through the ASTM standard in compressive strength test, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength. The addition of fibers significantly affects the physical properties of the concrete, when the fiber increases the slump value will be smaller so the mixture becomes more difficult to mix. The results obtained by the abaca fiber concrete mixture for the composition (0.15%) and the ideal fiber length (50 mm) by providing an optimum value increase in the compression test of 12.61%, 72.64% tensile test, 98.98% flexural test of the normal concrete mixture.
The effect of additional sugar palm fibres on the durability of mixed Laston AC-WC
Authors: Datu S A , Rachman R , Selintung M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
To obtain a good quality concrete asphalt, in the process of planning a mixture must consider the characteristics of a concrete asphalt mixture including durability which is the resistance of the asphalt mixture to the effects of weather, water, temperature changes, as well as wear due to vehicle wheel friction. Sugar palm fibres are many and easy to obtain because they come from agriculture. Sugar palm fibres have durable nature and are not easy to rot either in an open state (resistant to weather) or embedded in the soil. In this study, we will examine the effect of adding sugar palm fibres to the durability of the Laston AC-WC mixture, and sugar palm fibres as an addition to the binding of asphalt to the aggregate. The method used in this study is the Marshall method. The results showed that the durability of the mixture with 2% fibres added ingredients was still stronger than those using 1.5% so that the use of sugar palm fibres added in the Laston AC-WC mixture would help the durability of the mixture because the cavities in the mixture were getting smaller, so it was more waterproof, also the bond between aggregates which is the stability of the mixture can be maintained while maintaining the flexibility of the mixture. While the Marshall Immersion test results obtained strong mixture durability if the use of sugar palm fibres as added 2% in the mixture.
The effect of the shape and size of HDPE plastic admixtures on to K125 concrete
Authors: Tamrin  , Jamal M , Ramadhani P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This research uses admixture, namely HDPE plastic waste and aims to determine the effect of these admixture materials with different shape and size pieces on compressive strength and collapse as well as crack patterns on each concrete design, then to find the difference in the results of the compressive strength of each concrete made from material admixture as well as the shape and size of the pieces of plastic that are appropriately used as the material concrete admixture. This research used an experimental method, which compares the results of the compressive strength of normal concrete and concrete with the addition of plastic pieces of HDPE material, which are distinguished by shape and size. HDPE materials are cut into cubes with 1x1cm, rectangles measuring 0,5x2cm, and long sticks measuring 0.25 x 4 cm. The compassion of the percentage of material is added to the weight of cement which are equal to 5%. The results of compressive strength obtained respectively are, 136.915 kg/cm2 or 13.691 MPa for cube-shaped plastic pieces, 138.347 kg/cm2 or 13.835 MPa for concrete with rectangular plastic pieces which are the right shape and size to be used in concrete mix design, then 138,025 kg/cm2 or 13,803 MPa for concrete with long sticks pieces of plastic shaped, and the results of the concrete strength with admixture material are higher than the planned compressive strength and standard concrete. After that, the results of crack patterns for normal concrete were obtained, concrete with cube-shaped plastic pieces, concrete with rectangular plastic pieces, and long sticks plastic pieces of concrete, namely shear crack, crack voids and honeycomb, crack honeycomb, and crack concrete crazing and honeycomb. Whereas the collapse occurs between the coral joints with cement paste, and the plastic pieces are not damaged or broken. Therefore, the results of the study are found that differences in the shape and size of plastic pieces affect the value of slump, compressive strength, and collapse.
Recycling brick building waste as a filler on laston AC – WC
Authors: Palinggi M D M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Light brick and brick building waste is often found in the demolition of building construction in the form of building wreckage. This chunk can be considered as a substitute for materials in asphalt concrete mixture. The research objectives of light brick and brick building waste can meet specifications to be used as filler material in AC-WC Laston mixes as to which composition, filler levels, and what is the laston mixture of AC-WC which uses a building block filler. This research was conducted based on experiments with a combination of two fillers, namely building waste filler and cement filler, where the variation is. 100% cement filler, 0% building waste cement, 75% cement : 25% building waste, 50% cement : 50% building waste, 25% : 75% building waste, 100% building waste. This research was conducted based on an experiment with a combination of two fillers, namely building waste filler where the variation is.100% research cement filler, 0% building waste, 75% cement: 25% building waste, 50% cement : 50%. Building waste, 25% cement: 75% building waste, 100% building waste the results of testing the marshall characteristics can be concluded that the mixture of AC-WC laston using a variety of filler cement with the waste of light brick building and brick can be used.
Settlement development based on land suitability
Authors: Amir A K , Wunas S , Arifin M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The needs of settlements land are higher due to the increasing population, but the lands-availability in urban areas is getting narrower. Land use continues to grow as the initial process for the expansion of the city, its movement will out from the city centre to the periphery. Therefore, it is necessary to study the suitability land and develop the principles of the location planning of housing development. The research method using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to calculate the weights, Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to create land suitability map, and overlay analysis result used to describe the principle of settlement location based on land suitability. The results show that 1) most suitable land for housing development is 637,75 hectare, low suitable land is 952,75 hectares and unsuitable areas of 781.5 hectares 2)The principles of settlement location based on land suitability are a)Clean water, available piped water network with adequate water quality terms smells, taste and colour, b)Flood prone, integrated drainage system development, optimization of reservoir performance and lake as water absorption, c)Accessibility, have road infrastructure and easy access to public transportation, d) Availability of land, not located in protected areas or technical irrigation, e) Availability of basic public service.
Characteristics of marshall additional hot rolled sheet base rattan fiber
Authors: Alpius  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
All Lataston or HRS structure consists of a mixture of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler and binding material in the form of hot asphalt mixture. The relatively high asphalt content of the mixture aims to increase flexibility, durability and resistance to melt and not easily cracked. The mechanical properties of rattan are related to the ability to withstand external forces, including: compressive strength, fracture, stiffness, tenacity, tensile strength, shear, splitting and durability. This study aims to examine the characteristics of Marshall with the addition of rattan fiber as a mixture of gap graded Hot Rolled Sheet Base. Tests carried out on the characteristics of Marshall. The test results show the addition of rattan fiber with levels of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% and asphalt content of 6.35% obtained VIM values with an increase of an average of 0.08%, Stability increases rattan fiber and will decrease if more rattan fiber is used, Flow will decrease along with the addition of rattan fiber and increase the value of flexibility if more rattan fiber is used, VMA increases with increasing rattan fiber used 0.07%, so that each additional rattan fiber will increasing VMA, VFB decreases with increasing rattan fiber used, durability testing results indicate the addition of rattan fiber will increase resistance to the load.
Delay distribution estimation at a signalized intersection
Authors: Susilawati  , Ramli M I , Yatmar H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Previous studies found that delay at signalized intersection accounted for more than one-third of total travel time. Different level of services tends to have different delay probability. An early assumption was made that multimodality occurs because of two traffic states experienced by the traveler; delay and non-delay at the signalized intersection. This study proposed a method to quantify delay distribution at a signalized intersection by analyzing the patterns in the speed time and speed distance profiles when passing two consecutive intersections and redrawing vehicle trajectory generated by ‘second by second’ GPS data. The searching algorithm was developed to search for the times when the vehicle enters and leaves the delay section by checking the ‘second by second’ speed data. To differentiate between the queue, move up and stop and go traffic, the algorithm searches for the idle time (i.e. when the speed less than 3.5 km/h). Along with Sydney Coordinates, Adaptive Traffic Systems (SCATS) degree of saturation and signal settings (green and red time) generating from SCATS systems at upstream loop detectors, a realistic delay probability model also was developed. This model used the General Additive Model for Location, Shape, and Scale (GAMLSS) which allows location, scale and shape parameter of selected distribution as a function of the explanatory variable. Signal settings and SCATS degrees of saturation were used as an explanatory variable. This model enables us to estimate delay experiencing by traveler depending on traffic parameters including traffic flow, signal settings and degree of saturation that are readily available on the site.
Efficiency of simple curb inlet design in Malaysia
Authors: Mustaffa Z , Meganathan S M P , Zaman A B K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper attempts to investigate the efficiency of typical curb inlet design used in Malaysia. Curb inlet is a common type of stormwater inlet of the urban drainage systems which functions to intercept excess stormwater on the street and convey them to another drainage system. The design (shape and type) of stormwater inlets used in a developing country like Malaysia, however might be considered as ‘too simple’ as compared to other developed countries. The choice of design might be heavily subjected to the aspect of easiness during construction. For a tropical country that receives a lot of rain throughout the year, this conventional design may eventually lead to street ponding. Thus, the effectiveness of these structures is then considered very crucial. Field investigation has been carried to study the actual performance of the curb inlet and its efficiency is reported. Results showed that the existing curb design would be efficient to intercept lower discharges because at higher discharges, the flow would be flowing downstream as bypass flows. Simple modification was proposed to the existing curb inlet by placing a 45° defelctor near the curb, which was found to be able to intercept 10% more flows to the inlets.