bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in managing and understanding Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Hasegawa Akito , Abe Riichiro 
Published: June 2020

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening diseases characterized by detachment of the epidermis and mucous membrane. SJS/TEN are considered to be on the same spectrum of diseases with different severities. They are classified by the percentage of skin detachment area. SJS/TEN can also cause several complications in the liver, kidneys, and respiratory tract. The pathogenesis of SJS/TEN is still unclear. Although it is difficult to diagnose early stage SJS/TEN, biomarkers for diagnosis or severity prediction have not been well established. Furthermore, optimal therapeutic options for SJS/TEN are still controversial.Several drugs, such as carbamazepine and allopurinol, are reported to have a strong relationship with a specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type. This relationship differs between different ethnicities. Recently, the usefulness of HLA screening before administering specific drugs to decrease the incidence of SJS/TEN has been investigated.Skin detachment in SJS/TEN skin lesions is caused by extensive epidermal cell death, which has been considered to be apoptosis via the Fas-FasL pathway or perforin/granzyme pathway. We reported that necroptosis, i.e. programmed necrosis, also contributes to epidermal cell death. Annexin A1, released from monocytes, and its interaction with the formyl peptide receptor 1 induce necroptosis. Several diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for SJS/TEN have been reported, such as CCL-27, IL-15, galectin-7, and RIP3.Supportive care is recommended for the treatment of SJS/TEN. However, optimal therapeutic options such as systemic corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, cyclosporine, and TNF-α antagonists are still controversial. Recently, the beneficial effects of cyclosporine and TNF-α antagonists have been explored. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the pathophysiology and management of SJS/TEN.
Research protocol for a mixed-methods study to characterise and address the socioeconomic impact of accessing TB diagnosis and care in Nepal
Authors: Dixit Kritika , Rai Bhola , Prasad Aryal Tara , Mishra Gokul , Teixeira de Siqueira-Filha Noemia , Raj Paudel Puskar , Levy Jens W. , van Rest Job , Chandra Gurung Suman , Dhital Raghu , Biermann Olivia , Viney Kerri , Lonnroth Knut , Squire S Bertel , Caws Maxine , Wingfield Tom 
Published: June 2020

Background: WHO’s 2015 End TB Strategy advocates social and economic (socioeconomic) support for TB-affected households to improve TB control. However, evidence concerning socioeconomic support for TB-affected households remains limited, especially in low-income countries. Protocol: This mixed-methods study in Nepal will: evaluate the socioeconomic impact of accessing TB diagnosis and care (Project 1); and create a shortlist of feasible, locally-appropriate interventions to mitigate this impact (Project 2). The study will be conducted in the Chitwan, Mahottari, Makawanpur, and Dhanusha districts of Nepal, which have frequent TB and poverty. The study population will include: approximately 200 people with TB (Cases) starting TB treatment with Nepal’s National TB Program and 100 randomly-selected people without TB (Controls) in the same sites (Project 1); and approximately 40 key in-country stakeholders from Nepal including people with TB, community leaders, and TB healthcare professionals (Project 2). During Project 1, visits will be made to people with TB’s households during months 3 and 6 of TB treatment, and a single visit made to Control households. During visits, participants will be asked about: TB-related costs (if receiving treatment), food insecurity, stigma; TB-related knowledge; household poverty level; social capital; and quality of life. During Project 2, stakeholders will be invited to participate in: a survey and focus group discussion (FGD) to characterise socioeconomic impact, barriers and facilitators to accessing and engaging with TB care in Nepal; and a one-day workshop to review FGD findings and suggest interventions to mitigate the barriers identified. Ethics and dissemination: The study has received ethical approval. Results will be disseminated through scientific meetings, open access publications, and a national workshop in Nepal. Conclusions: This research will strengthen understanding of the socioeconomic impact of TB in Nepal and generate a shortlist of feasible and locally-appropriate socioeconomic interventions for TB-affected households for trial evaluation.
SÍTIO VETOR DE FÉ E DE EXPANSÃO URBANA: A IGREJA DE NOSSA SENHORA DA SAÚDE
Authors: De Macedo Jackeline 
Published: June 2020

A partir da abordagem da Arqueologia Histórica, pretendeu-se identificar os diversos atores (humanos e não-humanos) que se fizeram presentes na tessitura das redes estabelecidas na construção do sítio Igreja Nossa Senhora da Saúde, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro/RJ bem como, destacar os processos que levaram ao rompimento dos limites do quadrilátero urbano da cidade colonial e a relevância do sítio da Saúde na constituição da paisagem urbana da região.
Designing fascism: The evolution of a neo-Nazi punk aesthetic
Authors: Raposo Ana , Bestley Russ 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article explores the design strategies of four record labels associated with the growth of an explicitly far-right sub-genre of punk in the United Kingdom between 1979 and the early 2000s: Rock-O-Rama Records, White Noise Records, Rebelles Européens and ISD Records. While Rock-O-Rama saw the inclusion of the genre as simply an extension of their existing business model, the other labels were established specifically to support the activities of a small number of explicitly far-right groups who were blacklisted by mainstream producers and distributors within the music industry. These labels were also able to develop independent, do-it-yourself approaches to marketing, promotion and distribution that bear striking similarity to other sub-genres of punk and post-punk in the United Kingdom and Europe, particularly the politically activist hardcore and anarcho-punk scenes. Earlier examples of record covers that employed ambiguous visual metaphors to evoke a mythical Aryan identity were eventually superseded by the emergence of a more extreme form of visual communication that utilized overtly racist images alongside symbols with specific coded meanings to demonstrate a commitment to the white nationalist cause. These visual strategies were to become more explicit as far-right punk scenes moved to embrace fascist ideologies in the 1990s and beyond, as connotations of brotherhood, persecution, endurance, Norse mythology and the nation eventually gave way to direct calls-to-arms and pledges of allegiance with White Power and neo-Nazi terrorist groups.
Long-term Consequences of Undiagnosed Celiac Seropositivity
Authors: Kårhus Line Lund , Skaaby Tea , Petersen Janne , Madsen Anja Lykke , Thuesen Betina Heinsbæk , Schwarz Peter , Rumessen Jüri J. , Linneberg Allan 
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Diagnosed celiac disease (CD) is associated with lymphoproliferative malignancy and gastrointestinal cancer, but little is known about the long-term consequences of undiagnosed CD. We aimed to investigate long-term consequences of undiagnosed CD for mortality and incidence of cancer and other chronic diseases.

METHODS:
We screened biobank serum samples for immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG tissue transglutaminase (TTG) and IgG deamidated gliadin peptide in a study of 8 population-based cohort studies comprising 16,776 participants examined during 1976–2012 and followed with >99% complete follow-up in Danish nationwide registries until December 31, 2017, regarding vital status and incidence of diseases. Undiagnosed CD was defined as antibody positivity (IgA-TTG or IgG-TTG ≥ 7 U/mL and/or IgG deamidated gliadin peptide ≥ 10 U/mL) in individuals without a diagnosis of CD recorded in the National Patient Register. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by Cox regression analyses with age as the underlying time scale.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of undiagnosed CD was 1.0% with no statistically significant increase over time. Undiagnosed CD was associated with increased risk of cancer overall (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.16–2.11), gastrointestinal cancer (HR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.35–4.04), cancer of the uterus (HR, 3.95; 95% CI, 1.46–10.69), breast cancer (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.02–3.82), head and neck cancer (HR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.15–8.43), and cardiovascular disease (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.01–1.85). We found no statistically significant association between undiagnosed CD and mortality (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.87–1.61).

DISCUSSION:
Undiagnosed CD was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer suggesting that untreated CD has serious long-term health consequences not only affecting the gastrointestinal tract (see Visual Abstract, Supplementary Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/AJG/B566).
Assessing Maximal Oxygen Uptake: Creating Personalized Incremental Exercise Protocols Simply and Quickly
Authors: Ferri Marini Carlo , Correale Luca , Carnevale Pellino Vittoria , Federici Ario , Vandoni Matteo , Lucertini Francesco 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Measuring cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) is important for researchers, clinicians, and exercise practitioners to assess an individual's CF. One method of assessing CF is accomplished by measuring the maximal oxygen uptake during a personalized maximal graded exercise test (GXT). Tailoring a GXT protocol to a specific subject can be troublesome and time-consuming. In this article, simple and ready-to-use spreadsheets allowing the creation of individualized walking, running, and cycling GXT protocols are presented and explained. The procedures within the spreadsheets are based on the latest validated protocols, and the spreadsheets represent a time-saving, practical, and useful tool.
Total Quality Management in an Insurance Company: Use of Balanced Scorecards to Meet the Interests of Stakeholders
Authors: Tsvetkova Lyudmila 
Published: June 2020

The insurance company is a financial intermediary between stakeholders - a set of participants in the insurance process and those who have received the right to insurance payment, as well as insuring parties who purchase insurance coverage and shareholders whose capital is involved in its guarantee. Satisfaction of stakeholders creates a company’s free access to exchanged resources, thereby optimizing operations and increasing the efficiency of capital use. The implementation of the Total Quality Management (TQM) system, which could help achieve the goal, is complicated in insurance companies by dividing the personnel who create the insurance service, by the factor of time, since it is possible to check the quality only after the client has used it, which does not always arise in insurance, and often by the factor of location of units at geographically different points, which makes it virtually impossible for the simultaneous and equal participation of personnel in production processes, that requires innovative management tools.
The purpose of this study is to study the effect of introducing a Total Quality Management (TQM) system and a balanced scorecard (BSC) on the activities of an insurance company, including the one aimed at achieving the satisfaction of its stakeholders. Using the methods of induction and synthesis of freely available data of SOGAZ, Rosgosstrakh, and ROSNO companies, a complex of dependent corporate goals was identified that were ranked relative to the organizational level.
The results of the study allow concluding that the concept of balanced indicators allows to indicatively monitor the quality of meeting the interests of the main stakeholders of the company, which creates new effective tools for improving resource exchange and does not allow distortions in management. The integration of strategic planning and TQM opens up new market growth opportunities for insurance companies in the context of a limited portfolio of services for a strictly limited audience. The paper provides specific recommendations for organizations to resolve problems that impede the successful implementation of TQM.
The results of this study can be used by officials of insurance companies in developing strategies and tactics for their development, including the implementation of BSC and TQM, as well as scientists for a deeper study of the results of the implementation of BSC and TQM, both in the insurance industry and other sectors of the economy.
Myanmar Media: Legacy and Challenges
Authors: Ochwat Maria 
Published: June 2020

For nearly fifty years Myanmar was ruled by a military junta. It did not tolerate any criticism, and severely punished anyone who dared to oppose them. At the same time, it cut the country off from the rest of the world, preventing it from being informed about Burma’s internal situation. The announcement of the changes came when Thein Sein’s first civilian government was formed in 2011. Almost 10 years have passed since then and Myanmar, according to the Press Freedom Index, is considered to be one of the countries where freedom of speech and freedom of the media are commonly violated and journalists are often persecuted and punished. Freedom of expression is one of the pillars of a democratic society, the basis for its development and a condition for the self-fulfillment of the individual. One of the most important ways of exercising freedom of speech is through free and independent media.
The issue of respect for freedom of expression and freedom of the media must be seen in a broader context. It should be noted that there is a close link between respect for human rights and peacekeeping. Although freedom of expression, and thus freedom of the media, is one of those freedoms which may be restricted in specific situations, it cannot be done arbitrarily. Under public international law the exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary. The authorities of Myanmar, when introducing and maintaining restrictions on freedom of speech and media, often invoke the need to restrict freedom of speech and media for reasons of state security, protection of morality or public order. However, one can venture to say that they are in fact afraid of criticism and possible public actions against the current authorities.
Real-Time Performance of the PLUM Earthquake Early Warning Method during the 2019 M 6.4 and 7.1 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquakes
Authors: Minson Sarah E. , Saunders Jessie K. , Bunn Julian J. , Cochran Elizabeth S. , Baltay Annemarie S. , Kilb Deborah L. , Hoshiba Mitsuyuki , Kodera Yuki 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTWe evaluate the timeliness and accuracy of ground-motion-based earthquake early warning (EEW) during the July 2019 M 6.4 and 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquakes. In 2018, we began retrospective and internal real-time testing of the propagation of local undamped motion (PLUM) method for earthquake warning in California, Oregon, and Washington, with the potential that PLUM might one day be included in the ShakeAlert EEW system. A real-time version of PLUM was running on one of the ShakeAlert EEW system’s development servers at the time of the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence, allowing us to evaluate the timeliness and accuracy of PLUM’s warnings for the M 6.4 and 7.1 mainshocks in real time with the actual data availability and latencies of the operational ShakeAlert EEW system. The latter is especially important because high-data latencies during the M 7.1 earthquake degraded ShakeAlert’s performance. PLUM proved to be largely immune to these latencies. In this article, we present a retrospective analysis of PLUM performance and explore three potential regional alerting strategies ranging from spatially large regions (counties), to moderate-size regions (National Weather Service public forecast zones), to high-spatial specificity (50 km regular geographic grid). PLUM generated initial shaking forecasts for the two mainshocks 5 and 6 s after their respective origin times, and faster than the ShakeAlert system’s first alerts. PLUM was also able to accurately forecast shaking across southern California for all three alerting strategies studied. As would be expected, a cost-benefit analysis of each approach illustrates trade-offs between increasing warning time and minimizing the area receiving unneeded alerts. Choosing an optimal alerting strategy requires knowledge of users’ false alarm tolerance and minimum required warning time for taking protective action, as well as the time required to distribute alerts to users.
25-Second Determination of 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest Earthquake Coseismic Deformation
Authors: Melbourne Timothy I. , Szeliga Walter M. , Marcelo Santillan V. , Scrivner Craig W. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We have developed a global earthquake monitoring system based on low-latency measurements from more than 1000 existing Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, of which nine captured the 2019 Mw 6.4 Ridgecrest, California, foreshock and Mw 7.1 mainshock earthquakes. For the foreshock, coseismic offsets of up to 10 cm are resolvable on one station closest to the fault, but did not trigger automatic offset detection. For the mainshock, GNSS monitoring determined its coseismic deformation of up to 70 cm on nine nearby stations within 25 s of event nucleation. These 25 s comprise the fault rupture duration itself (roughly 10 s of peak moment release), another 10 s for seismic waves and displacement to propagate to nearby GNSS stations, and a few additional seconds for surface waves and other crustal reverberations to dissipate sufficiently such that coseismic offset estimation filters could reconverge. Latency between data acquisition in the Mojave Desert and positioning in Washington State averaged 1.4 s, a small fraction of the fault rupture time itself. GNSS position waveforms for the two closest stations that show the largest dynamic and static displacements agree well with postprocessed time series. Mainshock coseismic ground deformation estimated within 25 s of origin time also agrees well with, but is ∼10% smaller than, deformation estimated using 48 hr observation windows, which may reflect rapid postseismic fault creep or the cumulative effect of nearly 1000 aftershocks in the 48 hr following the mainshock. GNSS position waveform shapes, which comprise a superposition of dynamic and static displacements, are well modeled by frequency–wavenumber synthetics for the Hadley–Kanamori 1D crustal structure model and the U.S. Geological Survey finite-rupture distribution and timing. These results show that GNSS seismic monitoring performed as designed and offers a new means of rapidly characterizing large earthquakes globally.
Role of demodex infestation in blepharitis and coconut oil as a treatment option
Authors: M H Sadhwini , A R Suresha 
Published: June 2020

To assess incidence of demodex species, correlate ocular symptomatology, evaluate efficacy of coconut oil as treatment method in all types of blepharitis. 30 patients with anterior & mixed blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction & non-specific irritation were enrolled for study. History taken & examined clinically. 2 lashes/lid were sampled & mounted on slides with normal saline & observed under light microscope. Number of mites counted. Patients positive for demodex were treated with coconut oil application over lid margins & reviewed after 3 weeks. Incidence of demodex was 40% & it increased with age. Demodex was commonly associated with meibomian gland dysfunction, non-specific irritation, madarosis, cloudy & toothpaste like meibum quality. Burning sensation and itching were common complaints. At 3rd week, all patients were symptom-free. Mite count dropped by 52.8% but were not eliminated. Demodex infestation is often overlooked but it is associated with about half of blepharitis cases. Hence further evaluation should be considered. Coconut oil is an easily available mode of treatment & helps reduce symptoms and mite counts.
What is a realist theory of law?
Authors: Leiter Brian 
Published: June 2020

A “realist theory of law” has two elements: “realism” and “naturalism”. Realism in the tradition associated with Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Nietzsche aims to describe how things really are without romantic or moralizing illusions; in the legal case, we want to know what law and legal institutions are like in reality, not what we might wish them to be. Realists do not suppose that the way things are will make “moral sense” or turn out to be morally defensible. Naturalists offer explanations of legal phenomena that only invoke entities and mechanisms that figure in successful empirical sciences; naturalists, importantly, are not physicalists. Realism and naturalism about law, in the preceding senses, lead us to Hart’s positivism about legal validity; he thesis that legal reasoning under-determines judicial decision in some range of cases; the recognition that law operates primarily outside courts; and skepticism about natural law theories as ideological delusions.
El cooperativismo agrario – primera acción del catolicismo social en España
Authors: Orella José Luis 
Published: June 2020

Spóldzielczość rolnicza – pierwsza akcja katolicyzmu społecznego w Hiszpanii
Agrarny katolicyzm społeczny w Hiszpanii rozwinął się za sprawą kapłanów i pionierów europejskiego katolicyzmu, zrzeszając drobnych rolników i zapewniając szereg form pomocy, które pozwoliły uniknąć ich marginalizacji. Sukces tej organizacji posłużył później jako wsparcie dla innych inicjatyw partnerskich, takich jak prasa lub partie polityczne. Społeczny katolicyzm w Hiszpanii zaznaczył się mocno w zapobieżeniu sukcesowi ugrupowań spod znaku faszystowskiego totalitaryzmu.
El cooperativismo agrario – primera acción del catolicismo social en España
El catolicismo social agrario en España se desarrolló a iniciativa de sacerdotes y pioneros del catolicismo europeo, agrupando a pequeños agricultores y proporcionándoles una serie de servicios que impidió su proletarización. El éxito de su organización sirvió como posterior soporte a otras iniciativas asociativas como la prensa o la representatividad política. La importancia del catolicismo social en España impidió el éxito de un totalitarismo de signo fascista.