bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact and broadband 2 × 2 optical switch based on hybrid plasmonic waveguides and curved directional couplers
Authors: Babaei Mahsa , Zarifkar Abbas , Miri Mehdi 
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a compact, broadband, and CMOS compatible

2

×

2

optical switch based on hybrid plasmonic waveguides (HPWs) and curved directional coupler is presented. The proposed coupler consists of a combination of straight and curved hybrid plasmonic waveguides. By using the ability of HPWs for confining the light wave in a sub-wavelength scale and the curved structure to decrease the wavelength dependence of the directional coupler, a 3 dB power splitter with a

3

dB

±
0.5

bandwidth of about 410 nm and a footprint of

7.6

µ

m

×

2

µ

m

is achieved. By exploiting this optimal power splitter in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer structure, a

2

×

2

electro-optic switch with a broad bandwidth of 400 nm and a small footprint of

33

µ

m

×

2.5

µ

m

is realized, which denotes the widest bandwidth compared to the previously reported similar structures. The three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulation results show a switching speed of 0.15 THz for the proposed optical switch, while the extinction ratio, power consumption, and insertion loss are 20 dB, 95.2 fJ/bit, and 4 dB, respectively, at the central wavelength of 1550 nm.
Microwave photonic notch filter with a tunable frequency and a bandwidth based on gas absorption
Authors: Yuan Ziyue , Lou Xiutao , Dong Yongkang 
Published: December 2019

We propose and demonstrate a high-performance microwave photonic notch filter (MPNF) based on gas absorption with favorable tunability and a high rejection ratio. In the demonstration experiments, acetylene gas is used to selectively absorb the single sideband produced by phase modulation, and correspondingly to suppress the generated microwave signal. The filter center frequency and bandwidth can be separately tuned by changing the carrier laser frequency and gas pressure. The proposed MPNF achieves a continuously tunable frequency from 2–20 GHz and a 10-dB bandwidth from 0.44–5.89 GHz with a high rejection ratio over 60 dB, which is expected to exceed 100 dB in theory, showing great potential for various applications such as advanced communication and radar.
La Historia Atlántica y la enseñanza de la historia
Authors: Garriga María Cristina , Pappier Viviana , Sarmiento Jacqueline 
Published: December 2019

El dossier que aquí se presenta es el resultado del trabajo colectivo de las cátedras Historia Americana I, Historia General IV y Planificación didáctica y prácticas de la enseñanza en Historia del Profesorado y Licenciatura en Historia, de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, en el taller de enseñanza que tuvo lugar en el marco de I Jornadas Internacionales de Historia del Mundo Atlántico en la Modernidad Temprana c.1500-1800 en octubre de 2018 y contó con la participación de investigadores, docentes y estudiantes. El mencionado taller tuvo como propósito profundizar la vinculación entre los aportes e interrogantes que atravesaron la discusión en las distintas comisiones y su impacto en la enseñanza de la historia. Tal como nos propusimos, sintetizamos las inquietudes y conclusiones que se debatieron en el mencionado taller, dando cuenta de un espacio colectivo de trabajo sumamente enriquecedor para todos sus participantes.
The Effect of Hypnotherapy using Induction Hanung Technique on the Level of Cigarette Dependence and Carbon Monoxide in Exhaled Breath among Active Smokers
Authors: Margiyati Margiyati , Dwidiyanti Meidiana , Wijayanti Diyan Yuli 
Published: December 2019

Background: Smoking is a habit that causes many health problems. Nicotine substances in cigarettes cause addiction and carbon monoxide inhaled is poisonous. Hypnotherapy using induction hanung technique is an alternative which can be used to change someone’s smoking behaviors. This therapy is performed by giving hypnotic suggestions combined with a massage at acupuncture points of neguan, yintang, and taiyang. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the effects of hypnotherapy using induction hanung technique on the level of cigarette dependence and carbon monoxide in exhaled breath among active smokers in Kesdam IV/ Diponegoro College of Nursing, Semarang.Methods: The present study employed a true-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 40 students were recruited as samples and randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=20) and control group (n=20). The intervention in the form of hypnotherapy using induction hanung technique was given for six times in two weeks. The instruments used were Fagerstorm Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) and smokerlyzer. Data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test and independent t-test.Results: The results showed a decrease in the score of cigarette dependence level in the intervention group by 1.25 after the intervention was given with pretest mean value of 1.45 (SD=1.132). The result of Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in the cigarette dependence score between the intervention and control groups with a pvalue of 0.028. The level of carbon monoxide in the exhaled breath also decreased by 8.80 ppm after the intervention from the pretest mean values of 12.55 (SD=6.669). The independent sample t-test result also showed a significant difference in the carbon monoxide level between the two groups with a p-value of 0.000.Conclusion: The present findings showed that hypnotherapy using induction hanung technique affected the level of cigarette dependence and carbon monoxide in exhaled breath among the active smokers. Based on the findings, this therapy is recommended as an alternative to nursing intervention for the smoking cessation programs.
Relating Visual Production and Recognition of Objects in Human Visual Cortex
Authors: Fan Judith E. , Wammes Jeffrey D. , Gunn Jordan B. , Yamins Daniel L.K. , Norman Kenneth A. , Turk-Browne Nicholas B. 
Published: December 2019

Drawing is a powerful tool that can be used to convey rich perceptual information about objects in the world. What are the neural mechanisms that enable us to produce a recognizable drawing of an object, and how does this visual production experience influence how this object is represented in the brain? Here we evaluate the hypothesis that producing and recognizing an object recruit a shared neural representation, such that repeatedly drawing the object can enhance its perceptual discriminability in the brain. We scanned human participants (N= 31; 11 male) using fMRI across three phases of a training study: during training, participants repeatedly drew two objects in an alternating sequence on an MR-compatible tablet; before and after training, they viewed these and two other control objects, allowing us to measure the neural representation of each object in visual cortex. We found that: (1) stimulus-evoked representations of objects in visual cortex are recruited during visually cued production of drawings of these objects, even throughout the period when the object cue is no longer present; (2) the object currently being drawn is prioritized in visual cortex during drawing production, while other repeatedly drawn objects are suppressed; and (3) patterns of connectivity between regions in occipital and parietal cortex supported enhanced decoding of the currently drawn object across the training phase, suggesting a potential neural substrate for learning how to transform perceptual representations into representational actions. Together, our study provides novel insight into the functional relationship between visual production and recognition in the brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans can produce simple line drawings that capture rich information about their perceptual experiences. However, the mechanisms that support this behavior are not well understood. Here we investigate how regions in visual cortex participate in the recognition of an object and the production of a drawing of it. We find that these regions carry diagnostic information about an object in a similar format both during recognition and production, and that practice drawing an object enhances transmission of information about it to downstream regions. Together, our study provides novel insight into the functional relationship between visual production and recognition in the brain.
THE INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIVE CONCEPTS IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE SANATORIUM-RESORT ENTERPRISE IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY
Authors: BURYK ZORIANA 
Published: December 2019

. Goal. Coverage of introduction of innovative concepts in the system of management of activity of sanatorium and resort enterprises. Research methodology. The following methods were used: analysis (theoretical review of scientific literature on the problem of research); a synthesis that made it possible to integrate individual parts of the facility into a single unit (development of a Balanced Scorecard for health resort enterprises in terms of socio-economic security); benchmarking that allowed us to map concepts (spa marketing, business performance management, and balanced scorecard). Results. The peculiarities of the management system of the sanatorium and resort enterprises in the conditions of social and economic security are considered. It is stated that the concept of management in terms of ensuring the socio-economic security of any enterprise of the sanatorium and resort complex is based on clearly formed systems of organization of management of socio-economic development. The basic methods of implementation, organization and management of social and economic security at the enterprise are distinguished. It is noted that spa marketing is a concept of management of the spa enterprise, which provides a comprehensive study of the needs of clients in the spa treatment and recreation for their fullest satisfaction through complex efforts to produce, sell and promote the spa product in a competitive market with the aim ensuring socio-economic security and profit. The basic processes covered by the concept of Business Performance Management for spa companies are presented. The Balanced Scorecard Balance Scorecard system has been developed for sanatorium and resort enterprises in terms of social and economic security. Scientific novelty. The basic innovative concepts (spa marketing, Business Performance Management and Balanced Scorecard) are proposed, which introduction into the enterprise management system will ensure effective management decisions, achievement of strategic goals, increase of profit and social and economic security in general. Practical importance. The introduction of our proposed concepts into the management system of sanatorium and resort enterprises will provide such an institution with a complete and effective implementation of processes for managing its activities, providing customer service and optimizing the functions and management procedures performed.
TAX PLANNING IN THE ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: ZHUK OLHA , TOMASHEVSKA ANTONINA 
Published: December 2019

The differences between the concepts of “tax planning”, “tax minimization” and “tax optimization” are investigated and it is established that tax minimization is the maximum reduction of all taxes, tax optimization is the achievement of a proportion between all aspects of an entity's activity; tax planning The system of measures of the enterprise is directed to the maximum use of the current legislation for the purpose of legal optimization of payments. It has been determined that the ways to reduce the tax burden include tax benefits, preferential taxation and the possibility of choosing a simplified system of taxation by small business entities. The levels and requirements to be followed in tax planning are identified and substantiated: organization of accounting and tax accounting, examine tax law, determine the list of benefits, correct accrual and timely payment, using legal methods to reduce the tax burden.
The methods which are applied in tax planning are substantiated: current internal control, preliminary tax examination, comparative analysis.
It is determined that tax planning is influenced by certain factors: the sphere of the activity in which the entity operates, the types of activity it is engaged in; status of belonging to a legal or natural person; the purpose of tax planning and the possibility of applying tax benefits. The tax planning system should be formed in accordance with principles: compliance with tax law; justification of the feasibility of applying the tax system; prompt response to changes in tax law; use of tax planning methods; use favorable tax regimes. Tax planning spends efforts on the following functions: analytical, accumulation, distribution, control.
It is established that the assessment of the effectiveness of the enterprise tax policy should be made through a system of indicators: the level of tax burden on the enterprise; the level of influence of tax planning on the magnitude of the enterprise's tax liabilities and the effectiveness of the enterprise's tax planning and tax policy in general. Effectively organized tax policy at the enterprise will help improve the results of the enterprise. Tax planning should be an integral part of the overall planning of the enterprise.
The gambler’s fallacy in problem and non-problem gamblers
Authors: Matarazzo Olimpia , Carpentieri Michele , Greco Claudia , Pizzini Barbara 
Published: December 2019

Background and aimsAlthough numerous correlational studies have shown an association between cognitive distortions and problem gambling, only a few behavioral studies have investigated this topic by comparing problem (PGs) and non-problem gamblers (N-PGs). This quasi-experiment investigated the occurrence in both groups of a widespread cognitive distortion, the gambler’s fallacy (GF), using a fictitious roulette game. Moreover, it investigated whether the GF increased the bet amount and whether impulsivity and sensation seeking were associated with the GF.MethodsTwo indices of the GF were used: a cognitive index, the probability estimate of each outcome (black/red) after manipulating the final run length (the same outcome occurring four times/once), and a behavioral index, the choice of the outcome on which to bet. A total of 320 (160 PGs and 160 N-PGs) unpaid male volunteers, aged between 18 and 68, participated in this study.HypothesesErroneous probability estimates should mediate the effect of longer runs on the alternation choice (i.e., the choice of an outcome different from the previous one) to support the occurrence of GF. The GF should increase betting. PGs should be more prone than N-PGs to GF.ResultsThe choice of the outcome depended on both cognitive (erroneous probability estimates) and affective (preference for red) factors. PGs bet more than N-PGs but they were not more prone than N-PGs to incurring GF. Although impulsivity and sensation seeking were more intense in PGs than in N-PGs, they scarcely affected GF.Discussion and conclusionsOverall, our results corroborate the tested model of the GF that links mistaken probability estimates, choice of the outcome on which to bet, and bet amount. However, they are similar to PGs and N-PGs and fail to corroborate the hypothesis that the GF is more evident in PGs.
Interlaminar decompression for patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis. Literature review and results of a prospective study
Authors: Grin A. A. , Nikitin A. S. , Kalandari A. A. , Asratyan S. A. , Yusupov S.‑E. R. 
Published: December 2019

The study objective is to assess the effectiveness of interlaminar decompression in patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis.Materials and methods. A prospective study was conducted among 100 patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis. All patients were operated, interlaminar decompression of the symptomatic side was made. Outcomes were assessed by using a visual analogue scale and Oswestry questionnaire 1 and 2 years after surgery. Among patients with an unsatisfactory result, the cause of the unsatisfactory outcome was studied.Results. One year after surgery a satisfactory result was noted in 71 patients, and 2 years after surgery a satisfactory result was noted in 67 patients. The following causes of unsatisfactory outcome were found in 33 patients: 9 – spinal canal restenosis, 2 – herniated disc at the operation level, 4 – the facet syndrome, 4 – development of clinical instability, 3 – pain in the opposite leg (there was no pain before the operation), 2 – development of delayed radiculopathy, 9 – decompensation of concomitant diseases (4 – coxarthrosis, 3 – gonarthrosis, 2 – chronic ischemia of the lower extremities). Among the risk factors for restenosis, statistically significant relationship was found only with the presence of spondylolisthesis.Conclusion. Interlaminar decompression is an effective surgical option in patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis. The presence of spondylolisthesis is a risk factor for the inefficiency of this operation.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Informed consent. All patients gave written informed consent to participate in the study
Intraneural ganglion of the peroneal nerve: a report of 3 cases and literature review
Authors: Evzikov G. Yu. , Bashlachev M. G. , Farafontov A. V. , Nikitin S. S. , Grebenev F. V. 
Published: December 2019

The objective is to report 3 cases of intraneural cyst (ganglion) of the peroneal nerve and compare our own findings with the data from scientific literature.Case reports. Three patients with intraneural ganglions of the common peroneal nerve were treated in the Department of Neurosurgery, A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Clinic of Nervous Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University between 2013 and 2019. All patients underwent extensive dissection of the cyst wall, evacuation of secretion; 2 of them had ligation of the articular nerve branch, while in one patient, the articular branch was not revealed. Complete nerve recovery was registered in all cases.Conclusion. We believe that ganglion dissection using microsurgical techniques with surgical microscope is a safe and noncomplex procedure; therefore, the avoidance of this manipulation seems unjustified.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Informed consent. All patients gave written informed consent to the publication of their data.
Adaptive Backstepping Controller of PMLSM
Authors: Yahiaoui Maamar , Bousserhane I. Kh. , Saidi Y. , Serraoui M. 
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a nonlinear adaptive speed controller for permanent magnet linear synchronous motors based on a newly developed adaptive recursive Backstepping control approach for a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive is discussed and analyzed. The Backstepping technique provides a systematic method to address this type of problem. It combines the notion of Lyapunov function and a controller procedure recursively. The adaptive Backstepping control approach is utilized to obtain the robustness for mismatched parameter uncertainties. The overall stability of the system is shown using Lyapunov stability theorem. The simulation results clearly show that the proposed scheme can track the speed reference.
Role of topical intranasal steroids in pediatric hearing loss due to otitis media with effusion: the experiences
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Behera Ishwar Chandra , Agrawala Rohit , Shajahan Nibi 
Published: December 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the commonest diseases causing hearing impairment in children. Hearing loss in early childhood may lead to risk of speech and language problems and psychosocial abnormalities. Aim of this study is to evaluate the role of topical intranasal steroids (Mometasone furoate) in pediatric hearing loss due to otitis media with adenoid hypertrophy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study carried out at a tertiary care teaching hospital of eastern India where 104 children participated with diagnosis of otitis media with effusion and hearing loss between 2017 to 2019. These participants were divided into study group and control group. The age group of the children was between 5 to 10 years. Detail otoscopic examination, pure tone audiometry, tympanometry and nasopharyngeal endoscopy were done for assessing the hearing loss, fluid in the middle ear and adenoid hypertrophy. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There is improvement of hearing in the study group as compared to control group. A significant improvement in hearing was seen in the study group (p=0.0001). In the study group, 37 (77.08%) out of the 48 children OME resolved over a period of 12 weeks after treatment in comparison to 18 (37.50%) in the control group (p=0.0004).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Intranasal topical steroids can be a treatment option alternative to surgery in OME. As it is short term follow up in this study, long term follow up is required. Intranasal mometasone furoate treatment can be considered as a good treatment option for OME.</p>
A comparative study of the outcomes of potent topical steroids versus topical tretinoin in patchy alopecia areata of scalp
Authors: Hussain Asma Arif 
Published: December 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Alopecia areata (AA) is a common condition causing patchy alopecia of scalp. It can follow an unpredictable course with spontaneous exacerbations and remissions. Various therapeutic options have been tried to alleviate the cosmetic concern of the patient. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of potent topical steroid versus topical 0.05% tretinoin in limited patchy alopecia areata of scalp.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this study 50 patients of age group above 5 years and of both sexes having localized alopecia areata of scalp (&lt;5 patches and &lt;25% scalp involvement) were included in the study after taking an informed consent. It was a randomized prospective study done for a period of 12 weeks. Excluding the age and sex bias, patients were distributed into two treatment groups A and B. Group A was treated with 0.05% betamethasone dipropionate (BMD) cream applied twice daily. Group B was treated with topical 0.05% tretinoin cream applied twice daily. The response was assessed in every patient subjectively as well as objectively by alopecia grading scale and regrowth score (RGS) at the end of 12 weeks.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> We found that 72% of patients in Group A showed statistically significant clinical improvement (RGS 3 and 4) when compared to 36% patients in Group B.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It can be concluded that 0.05% BMD is still the most effective and economical topical treatment in less extensive forms of AA. However topical 0.05% tretinoin also gives a fairly good response. But further studies with tretinoin are needed to establish its role in limited alopecia areata.</p>