bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Load-deformation characteristics of acellular human scalp: assessing tissue grafts from a material testing perspective
Authors: Zwirner Johann , Ondruschka Benjamin , Scholze Mario , Schulze-Tanzil Gundula , Hammer Niels 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcellular matrices seem promising scaffold materials for soft tissue regeneration. Biomechanical properties of such scaffolds were shown to be closely linked to tissue regeneration and cellular ingrowth. This given study investigated uniaxial load-deformation properties of 34 human acellular scalp samples and compared these to age-matched native tissues as well as acellular dura mater and acellular temporal muscle fascia. As previously observed for human acellular dura mater and temporal muscle fascia, elastic modulus (p = 0.13) and ultimate tensile strength (p = 0.80) of human scalp samples were unaffected by the cell removal. Acellular scalp samples showed a higher strain at maximum force compared to native counterparts (p = 0.02). The direct comparison of acellular scalp to acellular dura mater and temporal muscle fascia revealed a higher elasticity (p < 0.01) and strain at maximum force (p = 0.02), but similar ultimate tensile strength (p = 0.47). Elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength of acellular scalp decreased with increasing post-mortem interval. The elongation behavior formed the main biomechanical difference between native and acellular human scalp samples with elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength being similar when comparing the two.
The 2018 summer heatwaves over northwestern Europe and its extended-range prediction
Authors: Kueh Mien-Tze , Lin Chuan-Yao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the drivers and extended-range prediction of the mid-July to early August 2018 heatwaves over northwestern Europe, focusing on regional heatwave events over Scandinavia (SC) and Western Europe (WE). The persistent blocking regime (BL) was the most influential contributor for the 2018 heatwave over SC, and both the Atlantic Low regime (AL) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) were secondary contributors for the heatwave, but with different effect directions. The major contributor to the heatwave over WE was AL. These causal relationships remained valid when the evolution of warm spells was considered. A multi-model ensemble of real-time forecasts from the subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) database captured the evolution of the warm spells over SC and WE up to 3 weeks in advance. However, the predictions of heatwave occurrence and significance for the two regions are unsatisfactory. BL and AL can be predicted 2 weeks in advance, resulting in the successful predictions of warm spells over SC and WE. Although variations in Azores High and NAO were captured in the forecasts, their contribution to the warm spells remains unclear.
Prediction of turbulence eddy dissipation of water flow in a heated metal foam tube
Authors: Babanezhad Meisam , Behroyan Iman , Taghvaie Nakhjiri Ali , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Marjani Azam , Shirazian Saeed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe insertion of porous metal media inside the pipes and channels has already shown a significant heat transfer enhancement by experimental and numerical studies. Porous media could make a mixing flow and small-scale eddies. Therefore, the turbulence parameters are attractive in such cases. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach can predict the turbulence parameters using the turbulence models. However, the CFD is unable to find the relation of the turbulence parameters to the boundary conditions. The artificial intelligence (AI) has shown potential in combination with the CFD to build high-performance predictive models. This study is aimed to establish a new AI algorithm to capture the patterns of the CFD results by changing the system’s boundary conditions. The ant colony optimization-based fuzzy inference system (ACOFIS) method is used for the first time to reduce time and computational effort needed in the CFD simulation. This investigation is done on turbulent forced convection of water through an aluminum metal foam tube under constant wall heat flux. The ANSYS-FLUENT CFD software is used for the simulations. The x and y of the fluid nodal locations, inlet temperature, velocity, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) are the inputs of the ACOFIS to predict turbulence eddy dissipation (TED) as the output. The results revealed that for the best intelligence of the ACOFIS, the number of inputs, the number of ants, the number of membership functions (MFs) and the rule are 5, 10, 93 and 93, respectively. Further comparison is made with the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The coefficient of determination for both methods was close to 1. The ANFIS showed more learning and prediction times (785 s and 10 s, respectively) than the ACOFIS (556 s and 3 s, respectively). Finding the member function versus the inputs, the value of TED is calculated without the CFD modeling. So, solving the complicated equations by the CFD is replaced with a simple correlation.
Use of Congo red dye-formaldehyde as a new sensitizer-reductant couple for enhanced simultaneous solar energy conversion and storage by photogalvanic cells at the low and artificial sun intensity
Authors: Koli Pooran , Dayma Yashodhara , Pareek Ramesh Kumar , Jonwal Meenakshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe photogalvanic cells (PG) are the promising and renewable electrochemical energy devices capable of doing the simultaneous solar power generation and storage. To realize the aim of the practical application of the PG cells in daily life, the electrical output of these cells has to be further enhanced to a level at least comparable to that of the photovoltaic cells. The present study of the PG cells based on so far unexplored Congo red dye-formaldehyde as a photosensitizer-reductant couple along with efficiency enhancer surfactant reagent (sodium lauryl sulfate) in the sodium hydroxide alkaline medium has shown greatly enhanced cell performance over published results. The present study has shown electrical cell performance of the PG cell as Ppp 782 μW, isc 3200 μA, Voc 1074 mV, and CE 11.02% at artificial and low illumination intensity. The storage capacity (t0.5) of the PG cell has been observed in the present study as 120 min in the dark. The study of variation of the different cell fabrication parameters has shown optimum cell performance at an optimal value of these cell fabrication parameters. The most plausible mechanism of the photo-generation of the current in PG cells is also proposed on the basis of observed potential values and published literature.
A shape-switch-block method for confocal light-sheet microscopy with sectioned Bessel beams and stimulated emission depletion
Authors: Köbele Luis , Rohrbach Alexander 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicroscopy seeks to simultaneously maximize optical resolution, contrast, speed, volume size, and probe tolerability, which is possible by combining different complementary imaging techniques with their specific strengths. Here, we show how to combine three physical concepts to increase resolution and contrast in light-sheet microscopy by making the effective light-sheet thinner through phase shaping, fluorophores-switching, and dynamic blocking of fluorescence. This shape-switch-block principle is realized by illumination with two holographically shaped, sectioned Bessel beams. Second, by switching off fluorophores in the proximity of the excitation center using continuous-wave stimulated emission depletion (STED). And third, by blocking fluorescence outside the switching region by confocal line detection. Thereby, we reduce the light-sheet thickness by 35%, achieving an isotropic resolution with beads in a 300 × 70 × 50 µm³ volume. Without STED, we obtain 0.37 µm resolution in cell clusters at improved sectioning and penetration depth. The shape-switch-block concept promises high potential, also for other microscopy techniques.
Pulse-onset dynamics in a bidirectional mode-locked fibre laser via instabilities
Authors: Kudelin Igor , Sugavanam Srikanth , Chernysheva Maria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractReal-time observation of the emergence of coherent structures from noise via instabilities is of particular interest across disciplines ranging from biology to astrophysics. In the context of photonics, ultrafast fibre lasers provide an ideal test-bed for experimental observation of dynamical instabilities and generation of coherent structures of ultrashort pulses. Here we present experimentally obtained switch-on dynamics of counter-propagating ultrashort pulses in a bidirectional mode-locked fibre laser with delayed pulse formation via Q-switched and modulation instabilities, pronounced central wavelength drift, with the multiple-pulse formation. We define a localisation parameter using the round-trip resolved autocorrelation function to quantify the extent of the pulse formation, indicating an energy interchange between coherent features and background radiation. Furthermore, we report the formation of synchronised and unsynchronised dispersion waves. Our results reveal the complexity of the establishment of coherent features and their interaction with background radiation, contributing further towards the understanding of nonlinear systems in general.
Leveraging the orthogonality of Zernike modes for robust free-space optical communication
Authors: Konwar Santanu , Boruah Bosanta R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFree-space optical communication systems exploit the properties of light beams to transfer information through a free-space link. Indeed such systems provide an exciting alternative for communication. Here we introduce information transfer through free-space using a laser beam having its phase encoded with multiple orthogonal aberration modes. We use Zernike polynomials, which form a complete basis set, to represent the aberration modes. The user information is converted to co-efficients of the Zernike modes which are summed digitally to obtain the resultant phase profile. A single phase modulating device then reads the resultant phase to shape the wavefront of the beam to be transmitted. The receiving station estimates the co-efficients of all modes in the beam from a single measurement of a wavefront sensor, to retrieve the user information. We demonstrate data transfer using multiple modes, each with multiple strengths, and external perturbation compensation using the completeness property of the modes.
Icariin inhibits the inflammation through down-regulating NF-κB/HIF-2α signal pathways in chondrocytes
Authors: Wang Pengzhen , Meng Qingqi , Wang Wen , Zhang Shaoheng , Xiong Xifeng , Qin Shengnan , Zhang Jinli , Li Aiguo , Liu Zhihe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArticular cartilage injury or defect is a common disease and is mainly characterized by cartilage degradation because of chondrocyte inflammation. By now, there are no effective drugs and methods to protect articular cartilage from degradation. Icariin (ICA) is a typical flavonoid compound extracted from Epimedii Folium with anti-inflammatory and bone-protective effects. Our previous studies demonstrate that ICA up-regulates HIF-1α expression and glycolysis in chondrocytes and maintains chondrocyte phenotype. As another member of HIFs family, HIF-2α always plays a key role in inflammation. The effect of ICA on HIF-2α is unclear by now. In the present study, we confirmed the findings in our previous study that ICA promoted not only chondrocyte vitality and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, but also the anti-inflammatory effect of ICA. In bone defect mice, ICA inhibited the expressions of NF-κB and HIF-2α. In TNF-α-treated ADTC5 chondrocytes, ICA neutralized the activation of IKK (IKK phosphorylation), the phosphorylation of IkB and NF-κB and the expression of HIF-2α. Furthermore, ICA inhibited the nucleus transfer of NF-κB and the expressions of MMP9 and ADAMTS5, two key targets of NF-κB/HIF-2α signal pathway. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that ICA may increase the vitality of chondrocytes by suppressing the inflammatory injury through the inhibition on NF-κB/HIF-2α signaling pathway. ICA is one effective candidate drug for the treatment of articular cartilage injury.
Coronavirus Pandemic – SARS-CoV-2 in Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery
Authors: Müller Michael , Stöckle Ulrich , Trampuz Andrej , Felix Stephan , Kramer Axel , Wassilew Georgi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe corona virus has spread worldwide since it first appeared in China and represents a pandemic of unprecedented magnitude. The pandemic has not only social and economic effects, but even more impressive effects on the health system. If the virus spreads uncontrollably and rapidly, there is a risk of an unpredictable increase of patients with COVID-19 disease requiring hospital treatment. The capacities of a hospital can quickly reach the limit and consequently patients can no longer be adequately treated. Therefore, in the acute phase of the pandemic, it is necessary to release all hospital resources for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Strict hygiene regulations must also be observed in order to prevent the virus from spreading unexpectedly in the hospital in order to protect patients and hospital staff. Elective operations and outpatient clinics must be cancelled in the acute phase. Special hygiene measures must be observed for urgent and unpostponable operations.
These relate to the admission of the patients, the accommodation in the ward and the operative care in the operating room. In the post-acute phase, a normal surgical program can be resumed step by step. In this phase, however, clear hygiene regulations must also be observed. Regular medical meetings taking into account the current pandemic situation and the occurrence of new infections must be carried out in the hospital and the occupancy of the ward and operating room adjusted accordingly. To what extent the situation for the treatment of patients in orthopedics and trauma surgery will normalize cannot be predicted at the present time.
Aufsuchende Krisenbehandlung mit teambasierter und integrierter Versorgung (AKtiV)
Authors: Baumgardt Johanna , Schwarz Julian , von Peter Sebastian , Holzke Martin , Längle Gerhard , Brieger Peter , Kilian Reinhold , Timm Jürgen , Heinze Martin , Weinmann Stefan , Bechdolf Andreas 
Published: November 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie stationsäquivalente Behandlung (StäB) ist eine besondere Form des international anerkannten und evidenzbasierten Home-Treatment. Als komplexe Intervention erfordert StäB im deutschen Kontext eine Evaluation auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen. Die quasi-experimentelle „AKtiV-Studie“ mit Propensity-Score-gematchter Kontrollgruppe entspricht dieser Forderung. Sie hat eine Laufzeit von 36 Monaten und wird vom Innovationsfonds des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss gefördert. In diesem Zeitraum werden neben der Untersuchung klassisch klinischer Endpunkte wie der stationären Wiederaufnahmerate, der Psychopathologie und Recovery-orientierten auch Fragen hinsichtlich der geeigneten Zielpopulationen, Implementierungsbedingungen, Behandlungsprozessen und Wirkfaktoren beantwortet. Dabei werden sowohl die Perspektiven von Patienten, Angehörigen und Mitarbeitenden als auch die Standpunkte und Erfahrungen von Akteuren aus Politik und Selbstverwaltung eruiert. Damit kann erwartet werden, dass die Studienergebnisse für ein breites Publikum interessant sein und zur praxiswirksamen Weiterentwicklung des StäB-Modells beitragen können. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird das Mixed-Methods-Design der AktiV-Studie vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Barrieren bei der Antragstellung zur onkologischen Rehabilitation: Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Expertenbefragung
Authors: Dresch Carolin , Bartsch Hans Helge , Kurlemann Ulrich , Maiwald Phillip , Rademaker AnnaLena , Valentini Jan , Joos Stefanie , Heidt Vitali , Weis Joachim 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie In dieser von der Deutschen Rentenversicherung (DRV) Bund geförderten Studie wurden Barrieren bei der Antragstellung zu onkologischen Rehabilitationsleistungen aus Sicht von verschiedenen Expertengruppen untersucht.
Methodik In einer exploratorischen multizentrischen qualitativen Querschnittsstudie wurden 61 teilstrukturierte Interviews mit in der onkologischen Versorgung tätigen Experten durchgeführt: Ärzte (n=26), Sozialarbeiter (n=22), Psychologen/Psychoonkologen (n=6), Pflegepersonal/Medizinische Fachangestellte (n=5), Verwaltungsangestellte der DRV (n=2). Mittels eines Leitfadens wurden die Teilnehmer zu ihren Erfahrungen mit Reha-Anträgen sowie ihren Einschätzungen und Bewertungen bezüglich möglicher Barrieren im Prozess der Antragstellung befragt. Die Auswertung der Interviewdaten erfolgte EDV-gestützt nach der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse von Mayring.
Ergebnisse Die Befragten waren im Mittel 52,51 Jahre alt (SD=10,06; min=25, max=71) und arbeiteten im Durchschnitt seit 19,26 Jahren (SD=10,15; min=1, max=42) in der Beratung oder Behandlung von onkologischen Patienten. Insgesamt wurden 854 Aussagen codiert und den folgenden drei Hauptkategorien zugeordnet: Expertenbezogene, Systembezogene und Patientenbezogene Barrieren. Zentral in der erstgenannten Hauptkategorie war die Skepsis bezüglich des Nutzens von Rehabilitationsleistungen und ein unzureichend gedeckter Informationsbedarf aufseiten der Experten. In der Hauptkategorie Systembezogene Barrieren wurden Aspekte erwähnt, die das Antragsverfahren, die geringe Verfügbarkeit z. B. von ambulanten Reha-Angeboten sowie die Abwesenheit eines funktionierenden Zuweisungssystems thematisierten. Die Hauptkategorie Patientenbezogene Barrieren umfasste psychosoziale Faktoren, wie bspw. verschiedene Themen der Krankheitsverarbeitung, wie den Wunsch des Patienten nach Hause zu kommen und den Alltag wieder erleben zu können sowie die Angst, mit der Krankheit konfrontiert zu werden.
Schlussfolgerung Durch die explorative Studie konnten potenzielle Barrieren bei der Beantragung von onkologischen Rehabilitationsleistungen aus Expertensicht abgebildet werden. Die Befunde bilden insbesondere die Grundlage für ein multidimensionales Assessmentinstrument, mittels dessen die Barrieren standardisiert erfasst und individuelle Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet werden können.
Berufsbezogene Problemlagen und erwünschte Unterstützungsangebote bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen
Authors: Langbrandtner Jana , Steimann Gero , Reichel Christoph , Bokemeyer Bernd , Hüppe Angelika 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Betroffene mit chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankung (CED) sind durch die spezifische Krankheitssymptomatik sowie psychosoziale Probleme oftmals in ihrer beruflichen Teilhabe und Arbeitsfähigkeit beeinträchtigt. Angezielt wurden eine multiperspektivische Exploration der berufsbezogenen Problemlagen von CED-Betroffenen sowie die Ableitung bedarfsgerechter Unterstützungsangebote für den rehabilitativen Sektor.
Methodik Dazu wurden Längsschnitt-Einzelinterviews mit erwerbstätigen CED-Rehabilitanden zu 2 Messzeitpunkten (N=12), Querschnitt-Einzelinterviews mit erwerbstätigen CED-Patienten in gastroenterologischer Facharztbetreuung (N=7), 4 Fokusgruppeninterviews mit Reha-Mitarbeitern (N=27) und leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews (N=8) durchgeführt. Die Auswertung der Interviewdaten erfolgte in MAXQDA mittels inhaltlich-strukturierender qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse.
Ergebnisse Die Aussagen der 4 unterschiedlichen Untersuchungsgruppen bilden ein ähnliches Gesamtspektrum der erwerbsbezogenen Probleme von CED-Betroffenen ab und weisen auf vielfältige körperliche und psychosoziale Beeinträchtigungen im Arbeitsleben hin. Berichtet werden körperliche wie kognitive Einschränkungen, Müdigkeit, Schmerzen und psychosoziale Barrieren, die oftmals mit einer reduzierten Leistungsfähigkeit am Arbeitsplatz verbunden sind. Hinzu treten Einschränkungen und Belastungen, die aus gesundheitsschädlichen berufsbezogenen Verhaltensweisen resultieren. Unter den erwerbstätigen Betroffenen zeigte sich ein erhöhter Bedarf an berufsbezogenen rehabilitativen Angeboten. Eine intensivere Ausrichtung der Reha-Inhalte auf berufliche Probleme sowie ein erweitertes Schulungs- und Beratungsangebot zur Aneignung bzw. zur Erweiterung persönlicher arbeitsrelevanter Kompetenzen waren für die meisten Betroffenen für eine weitere Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben von zentraler Bedeutung.
Schlussfolgerung Die Studienergebnisse bilden die Bandbreite von Problemen im Arbeitsleben von CED-Betroffenen ab und liefern wichtige Anhaltspunkte für die Entwicklung von bedarfsgerechten Unterstützungsangeboten im rehabilitativen Versorgungssektor. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die CED-Reha stärker auf die Bedürfnisse von chronisch kranken Erwerbstätigen zugeschnitten werden könnte. Standardmäßige Reha-Inhalte sollten mehr auf den Umgang mit Herausforderungen am Arbeitsplatz ausgerichtet werden. Ein stärkerer Berufsbezug sowie ein standardisiertes Screening auf berufsbezogene Probleme und eine kompetenzfördernde Ausrichtung der CED-Rehabilitation dürften das Spektrum bestehender Angebote erweitern und könnten mittel- bzw. langfristig zur Erhaltung der Erwerbstätigkeit beitragen.
The Effect of Immunosuppression on Selected Antioxidant Parameters in
Patients with Graves’ Disease with Active Thyroid-Associated
Orbitopathy
Authors: Londzin-Olesik Magdalena , Kos-Kudla Beata , Karpe Jacek , Nowak Aleksandra , Nowak Mariusz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and Study Aims Thyroid-associated orbitopathy, the most
common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease, is an
autoimmune inflammation of orbital soft tissue. We report the study
assessing the effect of immunosuppressive treatment with methylprednisolone
on selected antioxidant parameters in patients with Graves’ disease
with active thyroid-associated orbitopathy.
Patients and Methods Activity and serum levels of selected antioxidant
parameters as well as lipid peroxidation products were determined in a group
of 56 patients with active thyroid-associated orbitopathy at three
time-points: at baseline, after the discontinuation of intravenous
methylprednisolone treatment and at 3 months after the discontinuation of
additional oral methylprednisolone treatment. A control group consisted of
20 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers.
Results We found an increased activity of superoxide dismutase and
glutathione peroxidase and increased serum levels of uric acid,
malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes, as well as a reduced activity of
paraoxonase-1 and reduced serum vitamin C level in the study group at
baseline. Systemic intravenous and oral methylprednisolone therapy led to
normalization of activity and concentration of the most studied
parameters.
Conclusion Results of our study confirmed that oxidative stress is one
of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated
orbitopathy and the methyloprednisolone treatment is effective in reducing
both clinical symptoms and oxidative stress in patients with this
disease.