bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences of claywater and greenwater on the skin microbiome of cultured larval sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria)
Authors: Dodd Emily T. , Pierce Melissa L. , Lee Jonathan S. F. , Poretsky Rachel S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The skin microbiome of marine fish is thought to come from bacteria in the surrounding water during the larval stages, although it is not clear how different water conditions affect the microbial communities in the water and, in turn, the composition and development of the larval skin microbiome. In aquaculture, water conditions are especially important; claywater and greenwater are often used in larval rearing tanks to increase water turbidity. Here, we explored the effects of these water additives on microbial communities in rearing water and on the skin of first-feeding sablefish larvae using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We evaluated three treatments: greenwater, claywater, and greenwater with a switch to claywater after 1 week.

Results
We observed additive-specific effects on rearing water microbial communities that coincided with the addition of larvae and rotifer feed to the tanks, such as an increase in Vibrionaceae in greenwater tanks. Additionally, microbial communities from experimental tank water, especially those in claywater, began to resemble larval skin microbiomes by the end of the experiment. The differential effects of the additives on larval sablefish skin microbiomes were largest during the first week, post-first feed. Bacteria associated with greenwater, including Vibrionaceae and Pseudoalteromonas spp., were found on larval skin a week after the switch to claywater. In addition to additive-specific effects, larval skin microbiomes also retained bacterial families likely acquired from their hatchery silos.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that larval sablefish skin microbiomes are most sensitive to the surrounding seawater up to 1 week following the yolk-sac stage and that claywater substituted for greenwater after 1 week post-first feed does not significantly impact skin-associated microbial communities. However, the larval skin microbiome changes over time under all experimental conditions. Furthermore, our findings suggest a potential two-way interaction between microbial communities on the host and the surrounding environment. To our knowledge, this is one of the few studies to suggest that fish might influence the microbial community of the seawater.
Infant and child health and healthcare before and after COVID-19 pandemic: will it be the same ever?
Authors: El-Shabrawi Mortada , Hassanin Fetouh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) current pandemic is an unpreceded global health crisis. Not only infection of infants, children, and adolescents is a concern for their families and pediatricians, but there are also other serious challenges that should be properly identified and managed as well.

Main body
We have to identify and assess the different factors that have either direct or indirect effects on child health and healthcare due to COVID-19 pandemic and focus on the serious effects. It is easily realized that there are many challenging problems associated with COVID-19 with short-term effects that already appeared and need urgent solutions and long-term effects that are not yet well apparent and have to be searched for and properly addressed.

Conclusions
COVID-19 crisis has lots of impacts on child health and child healthcare, not only from the medical aspect but also from the social, psychological, economic, and educational facets. All these adverse implications have to be identified and dealt with on individual bases approach in the short and long term.
Expression of Immune Response Markers in Arab Patients With Lung Cancer
Authors: Jazieh Abdul Rahman , Bounedjar Adda , Bamefleh Hanaa , Alfayea Turki , Almaghraby Hatim Q. , Belarabi Ayed , Ouahioune Wahiba , Derbouz Zoubir , Alkaiyat Mohammad , Alkattan Khaled , Damlaj Moussab , Khalbuss Walid E. 
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a marker for checkpoint inhibitor use in the management of solid tumors, especially in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our study was aimed at determining the patterns of PD-L1 expression and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) immunostains in patients with NSCLC in the Arab population. METHODS Archival tumor tissue from patients with a confirmed diagnosis of NSCLC were obtained and stained for PD-L1 with antibody 22C3, using immunohistochemistry staining and giving the tumor proportion score (TPS) as a percentage from 0%-100% of stained tumor cells. Tumors were categorized into negative expressers (TPS < 1%), low positive (TPS, 1%-49%), and high positive (TPS, 50%-100%). Correlation of expression with clinical and pathologic features, including CD8-positive (CD8+) lymphocyte density, was also analyzed. RESULTS Two hundred patients with NSCLC were included in the study from 6 centers in Saudi Arabia and Algeria. Median age was 65 years (28-93 years), and the majority were men (75%) with stage 4 NSCLC (64%). The TPS was high in 37 patients (18%), low in 60 patients (30%), and negative in 103 patients (52%). In a univariate analysis, the following were significant predictors of any PD-L1 expression (> 1%): male sex, being Saudi national patients, high expression of CD8+, and presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In the multivariate analysis, only high expression of CD8+ cells (≥ 2+) was significant, with an odds ratio of 4.4 (95% CI, 1.5 to 12.9; P = .003) CONCLUSION PD-L1 expression in our population is similar to the published literature and correlated with the density of CD8+ cells. Validation of the predictive value of this marker in our population and identifying easier and reliable methods to test for it are warranted.
Serious Illness Conversations With Outpatient Oncology Clinicians: Understanding the Patient Experience
Authors: Kumar Pallavi , Wixon-Genack Jenna , Kavanagh Jane , Sanders Justin J. , Paladino Joanna , O’Connor Nina R. 
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE: Guidelines recommend earlier advance care planning discussions focused on goals and values (serious illness communication) among oncology patients. We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional quality improvement evaluation of patients who had a serious illness conversation (SIC) with an oncology clinician using the Serious Illness Conversation Guide to understand patient perceptions of conversations using a structured guide. METHODS: We contacted 66 oncology patients with an SIC documented in the electronic health record. Thirty-two patients (48%) responded to survey and/or structured interview questions by telephone. We used summary statistics and thematic analysis to analyze results. RESULTS: Twenty-eight respondents (90%) reported that the SIC was worthwhile. Seventeen respondents (55%) reported that the conversation increased their understanding of their future health, and 18 (58%) reported that the conversation increased their sense of closeness with their clinician. Although the majority of respondents (28 [90%]) reported that the conversation increased (13 [42%]) or had no effect (15 [48%]) on their hopefulness, a small minority (3 [10%]) reported a decrease in hopefulness. Qualitative analysis revealed 6 themes: clinician-patient relationship, impact on well-being, memorable characteristics of the conversation, improved prognostic understanding, practical planning, and family communication. CONCLUSION: SICs are generally acceptable to oncology patients (nonharmful to the vast majority, positive for many). Our qualitative analysis suggests a positive impact on prognostic understanding and end-of-life planning, but opportunities for improvement in the delivery of prognosis and preparing patients for SICs. Our data also identify a small cohort who responded negatively, highlighting an important area for future study.
Bariatric Surgery: Remission of Inflammation, Cardiometabolic Benefits, and Common Adverse Effects
Authors: Biobaku Fatimo , Ghanim Husam , Monte Scott V , Caruana Joseph A , Dandona Paresh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased mortality as a result of several comorbidities which occur in tandem with the obese state. Chronic inflammation is well documented in obesity, and evidence from numerous studies support the notion that the increased inflammation in individuals with obesity accentuates the comorbidities seen in this condition. The remission of comorbidities such as metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological complications occurs following bariatric procedures. Bariatric surgery significantly reduces mortality and results in remarkable weight loss and reversal in several obesity-related comorbidities. There is indisputable evidence that the resolution of inflammation that occurs after bariatric surgery mitigates some of these comorbidities. With the increasing use of bariatric surgery for the treatment of severe obesity, it is pivotal to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the notable improvements seen after the procedure. This review summarizes underlying mechanisms responsible for the remission of obesity-related abnormalities and discusses the common adverse effects of bariatric surgery. Well-stratified, large-scale studies are still needed for a proper evaluation of these underlying mechanisms.
The role of extended antral resection on weight loss and metabolic response after sleeve gastrectomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yuksel Adem , Coskun Murat , Karaman Kerem 
Published: August 2020

Objective: The impact of extended antral resection (AR) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on clinical results is still not clearly elucidated with conflicting results. Our study aimed to determine whether AR is superior to antral preservation (AP) regarding clinical results.
Methods: Patients were divided into two groups according to the distance of gastric division as AR group (2cm from pylorus) and AP group (6cm from pylorus). Postoperative excess weight loss percentile (%EWL) and total body weight loss percentiles (%TBWL) at the end of first, 6th and 12 months were compared. Secondly, metabolic parameters and complications were compared.
Results: The first 68 patients underwent AP, and the following 43 patients underwent AR. Although statistically not significant, AR achieve more %EWL and %TBWL at the end of the first year, (P>0.05). On the other hand, metabolic parameters were similar at the end of the first year, (P>0.05). Resolution of comorbidities were statistically not different, (P>0.05). Staple line leak occurred in two patients of the AR group (4.7%) and two patients of the AP group (2.9%), (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Both AR and AP seem to be equally effective in resolution of metabolic response. Although statistically not significant- AR provided more %EWL and %TBWL at the end of 12 months.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2321
How to cite this:Yuksel A, Coskun M, Karaman K. The role of extended antral resection on weight loss and metabolic response after sleeve gastrectomy: A retrospective cohort study. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1228-1233. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2321
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Decitabine treatment demethylates vast majority of high-confidence differentially methylated regions in HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Sandler Anna , Anderson Jonathan , Balaram Ariane , Ganev Yoan , Gascoigne Samuel , Gimondo Christina , Palmero Brett , Quraishi Ayesha , Rodriguez Alejandro , Sadat Said Omer , Conrad William H. 
Published: August 2020

Background:Gene silencing by CpG island hypermethylation often plays a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Certain regions of the genome, called high confidence differentially-methylated regions (DMRs), are consistently hypermethylated across numerous patient samples.Methods:In this study, we used bioinformatics and bisulfite PCR sequencing of HCT-116 cells to investigate methylation levels at DMRs in the promoters of six genes:DKK3, EN1, MiR34b, SDC2, SPG20, andTLX1. We then investigated whether the anti-cancer drug decitabine, had a demethylating effect at these promoter regions.Results:We found that hypermethylation correlated with lack of transcriptional enhancer binding in these six regions. Importantly, we observed that for all DMRs, decitabine significantly reduced CpG methylation. Decitabine also reduced clonogenic survival, suggesting that there is a correlation between lower CpG island methylation levels and reduced cancerous properties.Conclusions:Our study provided single-nucleotide resolution and revealed hypermethylated CpG sites not shown by previous genome-wide methylation studies. In the future, we plan to perform experiments that demonstrate a causal link between promoter hypermethylation and carcinogenesis and that more accurately model treatments in CRC patients.
COVID-19 and the Field of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Where Have We Been? Where Are We? Where Do We Go?
Authors: Thompson James R. , Nygren Margaret A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected, and will continue to affect, every aspect of the intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) community. We provide recommendations to (a) support people with IDD and the broader of field of IDD during the course of the pandemic, and (b) place the IDD community in a strong position when the health threats associated with the pandemic abate and post-pandemic social and policy structures are formed.
Using continous wavelet analysis for monitoring wheat yellow rust in different infestation stages based on unmanned aerial vehicle hyperspectral images
Authors: Zheng Qiong , Huang Wenjiang , Ye Huichun , Dong Yingying , Shi Yue , Chen Shuisen 
Published: August 2020

Yellow rust is the most extensive disease in wheat cultivation, seriously affecting crop quality and yield. This study proposes sensitive wavelet features (WFs) for wheat yellow rust monitoring based on unmanned aerial vehicle hyperspectral imagery of different infestation stages [26 days after inoculation (26 DAI) and 42 DAI]. Furthermore, we evaluated the monitoring ability of WFs and vegetation indices on wheat yellow rust through linear discriminant analysis and support vector machine (SVM) classification frameworks in different infestation stages, respectively. The results show that WFs-SVM have promising potential for wheat yellow rust monitoring in both the 26 DAI and 42 DAI stages.
Multiple electromagnetically induced transparency-like effects of a metal nanostructure induced by a graphene grating deposited on a gallium oxide substrate
Authors: Wang Tiankun , Ng Sha Shiong 
Published: August 2020

The electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect can be generated in the metamaterial system, but most metamaterial systems are composed of complex and elaborated components (nanostructures) that cannot be removed or replaced easily. In this paper, a graphene grating is used to interact with random metal nanostructures (i.e., individual and connecting nanostructures) to induce the EIT-like effect through two destructive interference excitation pathways. Except for the new induced EIT-like mode, the overall original optical patterns (the shape and intensity of the transmission spectrum) remain unchanged as compared with the single metal nanostructure. Furthermore, due to the optical properties of graphene, the induced EIT-like effect was blueshifted as the Fermi energy of graphene increased. By depositing the graphene grating and the metal nanostructures on a gallium oxide substrate, the EIT-like effect was redshifted as the temperature of the environment increased. Through this study, the EIT-like effect induced by the graphene grating with a random metal nanostructure system was demonstrated by using a simple geometric system; further, the mechanism is easy and can be introduced to many different metamaterial systems to generate the EIT-like effect without changing other optical properties of the original metamaterial system. As such, this opens the door to broader applications for optical communication networks.
Broadband tuning of polarization modulation instability in microstructured optical fibers
Authors: Loredo-Trejo A. , Díez A. , Silvestre E. , Andrés M. V. 
Published: August 2020

The wideband tuning of strong bands generated through polarization modulation instability (PMI) in microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) is reported. Tunability is achieved by exploiting the dependence of the phase-matching condition on the fiber’s chromatic dispersion and birefringence, which is particularly sensitive when the fiber is pumped near the zero-dispersion wavelength. MOFs designed to accomplish PMI phase-matching when they are infiltrated with ethanol and pumped at 1064 nm were designed and fabricated. Taking advantage of the large thermo-optic coefficient of ethanol, both chromatic dispersion and birefringence were varied through temperature. Wavelength shifts from 937 nm to 863 nm (anti-Stokes) and from 1231 nm to 1387 nm (Stokes) are demonstrated. Such a tuning range corresponds to a frequency shift between the pump and a PMI sideband ranging from

1274

c
m

−
1

to

2189

c
m

−
1

.
Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in silicon-germanium all-normal dispersion waveguides
Authors: Sinobad Milan , DellaTorre Alberto , Armand Remi , Luther-Davies Barry , Ma Pan , Madden Stephen , Mitchell Arnan , Moss David J. , Hartmann Jean-Michel , Fedeli Jean-Marc , Monat Christelle , Grillet Christian 
Published: August 2020

We demonstrate coherent supercontinuum generation spanning over an octave from a silicon germanium-on-silicon waveguide using

∼

200

f
s

pulses at a wavelength of 4 µm. The waveguide is engineered to provide low all-normal dispersion in the TM polarization. We validate the coherence of the generated supercontinuum via simulations, with a high degree of coherence across the entire spectrum. Such a generated supercontinuum could lend itself to pulse compression down to 22 fs.
Coping experiences of Pakistani nurses against corona stressor; a qualitative study
Authors: H. Haider Ali 
Published: August 2020

Objective: The aim of the present qualitative study was to find out how Pakistani Nurses are experiencing the coping strategies against Corona- Stressor.Background: Corona is the World- Wide stressor for Nurses. The Pakistani Nurses are experiencing this stressor and are coping with it too. The present study is on Coping of Nurses of Pakistan against Corona- Stressor.Method: Narrative variation of qualitative research with conventional content analysis was applied to extract results from open- ended interview questions which were administered on nurses face to face with purposive sampling technique.Results: Six major themes; five of conventional coping strategies and one new coping strategy were used by Nurses against Corona- Stressor.Discussion & Conclusion: Nurses in Pakistan are using Standard Operating Procedures as a new coping strategy against Corona Stressor with the already established conventional coping strategies.Â Â Â
El tratamiento de los problemas medioambientales en Sudamérica. Una mirada desde los esquemas de integración regional
Authors: Vega María Eugenia 
Published: August 2020

Dada la naturaleza multidimensional y transnacional que han cobrado los problemas relativos al medioambiente, resulta inobjetable la necesidad de acciones concertadas por parte de los Estados en pos de su tratamiento. En el presente artículo se parte de considerar al regionalismo no solo como una estrategia adecuada de políticas dinámicas de concertación y cooperación, sino por sobre todo, para la construcción de instituciones y políticas de alcance regional en elámbito de los temas relativos al medioambiente. El modo de abordaje teóricodescriptivo con el uso del análisis de contenido como técnica de investigación cualitativa nos permitirá indagar acerca del tratamiento dado al medioambiente en los esquemas de integración regional presentes en América del Sur, específicamente a nivel subregional CAN, Mercosur, Unasur y Alianza del Pacífico–. Como conclusión central se destaca la primacía del intergubernamentalismo endetrimento de la supranacionalidad, como principal obstáculo para la generación de políticas e instituciones ambientales comunes.
Búsqueda inductiva de datos y proyectos de investigación en lengua materna
Authors: Dussán Éder García 
Published: August 2020

En este artículo se aborda el problema de cómo iniciarun proceso investigativo en el campo de la comunicaciónescolar en lengua materna y, con el fin de orientar un camino que permita avanzar en estesentido, se exponen las fases que requiere un docenteinvestigador para la construcción de un proyectode investigación como condición previa para la expresiónsistemática de un problema de investigaciónque toma como objeto de estudio procesos lingüísticoscomo la lectura, la escritura, el habla, la escuchao las experiencias estéticas. Para dar cuenta de esto,nos basamos en los principios metodológicos de Tamayoy Tamayo (2004), los cuales se ejemplifican con un hipotético caso que revela los detalles quepreceden a la escritura de un proyecto y, por tanto,a la consolidación de los elementos constitutivos dela sintaxis de un problema investigativo. El resultadode este esfuerzo deja ver la utilidad del razonamientoinductivo a propósito de la intención de obtenersaber pedagógico a través de la indagación desde elaula y para los actores de la escuela.
Prácticas de literacidad en la clase de biología en secundaria
Authors: Buitrago Díaz Diana Marcela , Naranjo Erika Alejandra , Cifuentes Baquero Nubia Johana , Moreno Mosquera Emilce 
Published: August 2020

En este artículo se analizan las prácticas de lectura y escritura de la clase de biología, en el grado séptimo de dos instituciones. El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer cómo son las prácticas de literacidad en esta asignatura, y qué las distingue en relación al campo disciplinar, de ahí que este estudio se ubique en el marco de estudio de la literacidad disciplinar. Se trata de observar y analizar las prácticas de lectura y escritura escolares articuladas al mundo social, a partir de determinadas formas de actuar, sentir, creer y pensar. Se realizaron diez observaciones y se entrevistaron a las profesoras del área. A partir de ello, se identificaron las prácticas y los eventos letrados más comunes, los cuales fueron interpretados a través de las siguientes categorías: literacidad disciplinar, evento letrado, comunidad de discurso y dominio del área por parte del estudiante. De otro lado, se encontró, entre las concepciones de las profesoras acerca de la importancia de la lectura y la escritura, que dichas prácticas se asocian al uso de la lectura como recurso de investigación; al uso de la escritura como medio de producción desde conceptos interiorizados y la enseñanza de la biología como una posibilidad de formar el pensamiento científico.
The new investigation of the stability of mixed type additive-quartic functional equations in non-Archimedean spaces
Authors: Thanyacharoen Anurak , Sintunavarat Wutiphol 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability for the following additive-quartic functional equation:f(x+3y)+f(x-3y)+f(x+2y)+f(x-2y)+22f(x)+24f(y)=13{[}f(x+y)+f(x-y)]+12f(2y),wherefmaps from an additive group to a complete non-Archimedean normed space.