bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fermentable fibers upregulate suppressor of cytokine signaling1 in the colon of mice and intestinal Caco-2 cells through butyrate production
Authors: Sitolo Gertrude Cynthia , Mitarai Aya , Adesina Precious Adedayo , Yamamoto Yoshinari , Suzuki Takuya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractShort chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the microbial metabolites of fermentable dietary fibers exert multiple beneficial effects on mammals including humans. We examined the effects of fermentable dietary fibers on suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), a negative regulator of inflammatory signaling, on the intestinal epithelial cells of the mouse colon and human intestinal Caco-2 cells, specifically focusing on the role of SCFAs. Feeding fermentable fibers, guar gum (GG) and partially hydrolyzed GG (PHGG) increased SOCS1 expression in the colon and the cecal pool of some SCFAs including acetate, propionate, and butyrate. The antibiotic administration abolished the GG-mediated SOCS1 expression in the colon. In Caco-2 cells, butyrate, but not other SCFAs, increased SOCS1 expression. Taken together, fermentable fibers such as GG and PHGG upregulate the colonic SOCS1 expression, possibly through the increased production of butyrate in mice and can be a potential tool in the fight against inflammatory diseases.Abbreviations: GG: Guar gum; GPR: G protein-coupled receptor; IL: Interleukin; JAK: Janus kinase; NF- κB: Nuclear factor-kappa B; PHGG: Partially hydrolyzed guar gum; SCFA: Short chain fatty acid; SOCS: Suppressor of cytokine signaling; STAT: Signal transducer and activator of transcription; TLR: Toll-like receptor.
Rang clauses in modern mandarin Chinese: a Cardiff Grammar approach
Authors: Xiang Dajun 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the rang clauses in modern mandarin Chinese from the Cardiff Grammar approach with the aim to answer a central question concerning the clauses, i.e., what are the syntactic functions of rang in the clauses? After reviewing previous studies and clarifying the basic notions established in the Cardiff Grammar, the study analyzes and discusses the syntax of the generally recognized four types of the clauses with the objective to match semantic functions to syntactic elements. The study shows that when rang expresses “concession,” it functions as a main verb, which expounds the Predicator of the clause; when it means “causation,” it is a causative verb, which expresses an “influential process,” with the nominal group following rang as the Subject of the embedded clause; when rang is equal to Chinese “bei,” it is a preposition, whose function is to introduce the Agent of the action and syntactically it together with its following nominal group forms a prepositional group, expounding the Complement of the clause; when rang expresses “wishes,” it functions as a Mood marker and syntactically it is analyzed as the direct element of the clause, i.e., Let Element.
Pneumatic gauge pressure comparison from 700 kPa to 7 000 kPa
Authors: Cruz Leonardo De la , Torres Jorge , Solano Adrián , Espinoza Marcial , Neyra Maria , Constantino Pablo , Aranzolo Jesús , Sánchez Ricardo 
Published: August 2020

This report presents the final results of the supplementary comparison SIM.M.P-S10 for pneumatic gauge pressure from 700 kPa to 7 000 kPa. This comparison was carried out in the period from November 2014 to January 2015, by using a digital pressure manometer with uncertainty 0.010 % of the reading as the transfer standard for the comparison. The reference value for this comparison was given by the Centro Nacional de Metrologia de Mexico (CENAM, Mexico).

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Phase space mixing in an external gravitational central potential
Authors: Rioseco Paola , Sarbach Olivier 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article is devoted to the study of the dynamical behavior of a collisionless kinetic gas in d = 1, 2, 3 space dimensions which is trapped in a rotationally symmetric potential well. Although at the microscopic level the trajectories of individual gas particles are quasi-periodic and characterized by their d fundamental frequencies, at the macroscopic level the gas relaxes in time to a stationary state, provided the potential satisfies a certain non-degeneracy condition. In this article, we provide a mathematically precise formulation for this relaxation process which is due to phase space mixing. In particular, we prove that a physically relevant class of macroscopic observables computed from the one-particle distribution function, such as particle and energy densities, pressure and stress tensors, converge in time to the corresponding observables associated with an averaged distribution function. The latter can be determined from the initial datum and depends only on integrals of motion. Thus, the final state of the gas is described by an effective distribution function depending only on integrals of motion, which considerably reduces the degrees of freedom of the gas configuration. We discuss some applications to gravitational physics, including the propagation of a collisionless gas in typical potentials arising in stellar dynamics and the modeling of dark matter halos, and we also generalize our results to a relativistic gas whose individual particles follow bound timelike trajectories in the exterior region of a static, spherically symmetric black hole spacetime.
Real-time physiological sensor-based liver-on-chip device for monitoring drug toxicity
Authors: Farooqi Hafiz Muhammad Umer , Khalid Muhammad Asad Ullah , Kim Kyung Hwan , Lee Sun Ryung , Choi Kyung Hyun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Organ-on-chip models, known as microphysiological systems, are created to mimic the anatomy and physiology of a human organ at the micro-level. Besides being pivotal in the reverse engineering of human organs and pathogenesis studies, they serve as an alternative to animal testing and the development of pharmaceutics. Monitoring the extracellular stromal environment is the basis for gaining in-depth knowledge of the pathophysiology of cell culture. Hence, it is extensively employed as an essential tool in the fields of organ-on-chip and in vitro toxicology. In this study, we explore the vitality of a microfluidic system for the automated, online detection of drug-induced physical changes in cellular viability by continual monitoring of a microfluidic 2D monolayer cell culture. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values and pH changes of the immortal HepG2 cell line were measured continuously using microfluidic-based electrical and photoelectric sensors. A chip-embedded transparent, flat, non-toxic sensor and in-house 3D manufactured portable digital microscope supersedes the conventional manual, expensive confocal microscopic assays, and off-line operated isolated sensor systems. The cytotoxicity was induced by various concentrations of doxorubicin, epirubicin and lapatinib, and the acute metabolic and physical response of cells was examined by detecting the variations in TEER, pH and other biological markers. Thus, our liver-on-chip device provides real-time online data on drug-induced liver injury in vitro.
Influence of interparticle friction on the magneto-rheological effect for magnetic fluid: a simulation investigation
Authors: Pei Lei , Xuan Shouhu , Pang Haoming , Gong Xinglong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This work studied the effect of interparticle friction force on the magnetorheological properties for magnetic fluid using particle-level dynamic simulations. A novel numerical model considering the friction force and elastic normal force between coarse microspheres was developed. The analysis revealed the relationship between magnetic fluid microstructure and friction coefficient (μ) of particles for the first time. Under steady shear flow, plate-like aggregations were formed under a moderate friction coefficient (μ≈ 0.2), while thick chains with large inclinations were observed under strong friction forces (μ > 1.5). When 0.2 ≤ μ ≤ 1.5, the friction forces hardly affected the rheological properties. If μ > 1.5, friction forces could enhance the shear stress by 102%. Friction force hampered the relative movement of magnetic particles in the thick chains and enlarged the average dip angle of microstructures. The magnetic dipolar force between microspheres generated stronger shear stress in such particle aggregations. The optimal friction coefficient was determined as 2 ≤ μ ≤ 2.75 in simulations by considering the saturation magnetizations, external fields, shear rates, and particle concentrations. The enhancement of shear stress was relevant to the relative strength between magnetic force and friction interaction. Simulated shear stress in magnetic field sweep matched well with experiments in the literature. This work will open a promising avenue in the development of high-performance magnetic fluid.
Spectroscopic signature of the Stark-shifted Tamm-type surface state of La(0001)
Authors: Schreyer Dominik , Kim Howon , Wiesendanger Roland 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We have studied the Tamm-type surface state of La(0001) by tunneling spectroscopy within a wide range of tunneling currents from 0.1 nA to 8000 nA, thereby tuning the electric-field strength in a tip-vacuum-sample tunnel junction. We observe a significant shift of the unoccupied Tamm-type surface state toward the Fermi energy with increasing electric-field strength, accompanied by a broadening of the width of the resonance peak indicating a decrease of the surface-state lifetime. Our experimental results are contrary to previous reports for Stark-shifted Shockley-type surface states of noble metal (111) surfaces.
Exploring physical properties of compact stars in f(R,T)-gravity: An embedding approach
Authors: Singh Ksh. Newton , Errehymy Abdelghani , Rahaman Farook , Daoud Mohammed 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Solving field equations exactly in

gravity is a challenging task. To do so, many authors have adopted different methods such as assuming both the metric functions and an equation of state (EoS) and a metric function. However, such methods may not always lead to well-behaved solutions, and the solutions may even be rejected after complete calculations. Nevertheless, very recent studies on embedding class-one methods suggest that the chances of arriving at a well-behaved solution are very high, which is inspiring. In the class-one approach, one of the metric potentials is estimated and the other can be obtained using the Karmarkar condition. In this study, a new class-one solution is proposed that is well-behaved from all physical points of view. The nature of the solution is analyzed by tuning the

coupling parameter

, and it is found that the solution leads to a stiffer EoS for

than that for

. This is because for small values of

, the velocity of sound is higher, leading to higher values of

in the

curve and the EoS parameter

. The solution satisfies the causality condition and energy conditions and remains stable and static under radial perturbations (static stability criterion) and in equilibrium (modified TOV equation). The resulting

diagram is well-fitted with observed values from a few compact stars such as PSR J1614-2230, Vela X-1, Cen X-3, and SAX J1808.4-3658. Therefore, for different values of

, the corresponding radii and their respective moments of inertia have been predicted from the

curve.
New measurements and reanalysis of 14N elastic scattering on 10B target *
Authors: Nassurlla Marzhan , Burtebayev N. , Sadykov T. Kh. , Boztosun I. , Amangeldi N. , Alimov D. , Kerimkulov Zh. , Burtebayeva J. , Nassurlla Maulen , Kurakhmedov A. , Sakuta S.B. , Karakoc Mesut , Ibraheem Awad A. , Kemper K.W. , Hamada Sh. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The angular distributions of elastic scattering of 14N ions on 10B targets have been measured at incident beam energies of 21.0 and 24.5 MeV. Angular distributions at higher energies 38–94.0 MeV (previously measured) were also included in the analysis. All data were analyzed within the framework of the optical model and the distorted waves Born approximation method. The observed rise in cross sections at large angles was interpreted as a possible contribution of the α-cluster exchange mechanism. Spectroscopic amplitudes SA
2 and SA
4 for the configuration 14N→ 10B +α were extracted. Their average values are 0.58±0.10 and 0.81±0.12 for SA
2 and SA
4, respectively, suggesting that the exchange mechanism is a major component of the elastic scattering for this system. The energy dependence of the depths for the real and imaginary potentials was found.
Titanium, zirconium and vanadium conversion coatings (TZVCCs) on AZ91D magnesium alloy sheets
Authors: Zhu Wen , Chen Furui , Yi Aihua , Liao Zhongmiao , Li Wenfang , Li Kang , Chen Ken , Liang Guofeng , Guo JinTao , Wu Qing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper reports the preparation, characterization, and corrosion resistance of an eco-friendly titanium/zirconium/vanadium-based conversion coating (TZVCC) on an AZ91D magnesium alloy sheet. The TZVCC microstructure and composition were investigated by SEM, EDS, and XPS. The corrosion behavior of treated and untreated magnesium alloy sheets was observed by potentiodynamic polarization and EIS. The coatings are found to be rapidly formed on the alloy exterior within 90 s and optimal conversion treatment time at 50 s. The primary components of the TZVCC were MgO, Mg(OH)2, V2O5, V2O3, MgF2, TiO2, ZrO2 and metal-organic complexation. The coating was also shown to markedly enhance the corrosion resistance performance of magnesium alloys.
Superconductivity of superhydride CeH10 under high pressure
Authors: Tsuppayakorn-aek Prutthipong , Pinsook Udomsilp , Luo Wei , Ahuja Rajeev , Bovornratanaraks Thiti 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A large class of metal superhydrides was found to be a conventional BCS superconductor under high pressures. In this work, we focused on cerium decahydride, CeH10. Ce is a member of the so–called lability belt in the periodic table, where the physical properties can be largely affected by pressure. It was reported and we confirmed that CeH10 can be formed with the Fm-3m structure, where a cerium atom is embedded in a H32 clathrate cage. Our phonon calculations show that it is dynamically stable at around 300 GPa onwards. We examined the evolution under pressures of the phonons, the electronic states, the Fermi surface, and the electron localization function (ELF). There exists a small van Hove singularity (vHs), and it gradually moves to below the Fermi surface as pressure increases. This behaviour associating with the reducing value of the electron-phonon coupling strength (λ), causes the superconductivity transition temperature (Tc) to gradually reduce under pressures. The maximum T c is 45 K at 300 GPa.
Elasto-Visco behavior of Al7075-T6 using a numerical technique
Authors: Abhinav  , Ribeiro Rahul , Raghav Rajul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The transition in temperature and associated stress induced during machining, may affect the structural integrity of the Al7075-T6 alloy. In the present study, Steinberg Guinan material parameters were used to investigate the dynamic behaviour viz chip morphology (fracture mechanism), temperature change and flow stress in the elasto-visco material Al7075-T6. An explicit algorithm, was adopted to investigate the outcomes. Results showed chip formation and the mode of fracture was closely related with depth of cut and can influence the temperature and flow stress during the machining process. Work hardening and edge dislocation slip in the secondary shear zone was observed to have a notable influence. An optimal machining condition was found between 0.6 and 0.7 mm depth of cut.
Let’s be Liberal: An Alternative to Aesthetic Hedonism
Authors: Peacocke Antonia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aesthetic value empiricism claims that the aesthetic value of an object is grounded in the value of a certain kind of experience of it. The most popular version of value empiricism, and a dominant view in contemporary philosophical aesthetics more generally, is aesthetic hedonism. Hedonism restricts the grounds of aesthetic value to the pleasure enjoyed in the right kind of experience. But hedonism does not enjoy any clear advantage over a more permissive alternative version of value empiricism. This alternative is aesthetic liberalism. On this view, an object’s aesthetic value is fully grounded in any value—not just the hedonic value—of a correct and complete experience of its sensory features. To demonstrate the advantages of liberalism over hedonism, I apply both views to analyze the aesthetic value of the Spring Temple Buddha and Anselm Kiefer’s Seraphim. I detail four advantages of liberalism over hedonism, and I conclude by defending liberalism from two kinds of objection.
Extended application of genomic selection to screen multiomics data for prognostic signatures of prostate cancer
Authors: Li Ruidong , Wang Shibo , Cui Yanru , Qu Han , Chater John M , Zhang Le , Wei Julong , Wang Meiyue , Xu Yang , Yu Lei , Lu Jianming , Feng Yuanfa , Zhou Rui , Huang Yuhan , Ma Renyuan , Zhu Jianguo , Zhong Weide , Jia Zhenyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrognostic tests using expression profiles of several dozen genes help provide treatment choices for prostate cancer (PCa). However, these tests require improvement to meet the clinical need for resolving overtreatment, which continues to be a pervasive problem in PCa management. Genomic selection (GS) methodology, which utilizes whole-genome markers to predict agronomic traits, was adopted in this study for PCa prognosis. We leveraged The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to evaluate the prediction performance of six GS methods and seven omics data combinations, which showed that the Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) model outperformed the other methods regarding predictability and computational efficiency. Leveraging the BLUP-HAT method, an accelerated version of BLUP, we demonstrated that using expression data of a large number of disease-relevant genes and with an integration of other omics data (i.e. miRNAs) significantly increased outcome predictability when compared with panels consisting of a small number of genes. Finally, we developed a novel stepwise forward selection BLUP-HAT method to facilitate searching multiomics data for predictor variables with prognostic potential. The new method was applied to the TCGA data to derive mRNA and miRNA expression signatures for predicting relapse-free survival of PCa, which were validated in six independent cohorts. This is a transdisciplinary adoption of the highly efficient BLUP-HAT method and its derived algorithms to analyze multiomics data for PCa prognosis. The results demonstrated the efficacy and robustness of the new methodology in developing prognostic models in PCa, suggesting a potential utility in managing other types of cancer.
Adenylate kinase 1 deficiency disrupts mouse sperm motility under conditions of energy stress†
Authors: Xie Minyu , Zhang Guofei , Zhang Hanbin , Chen Feilong , Chen Yan , Zhuang Yuge , Huang Zicong , Zou Feng , Liu Min , An Geng , Kang Xiangjin , Chen Zhenguo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMammalian spermatozoa are highly polarized cells characterized by compartmentalized cellular structures and energy metabolism. Adenylate kinase (AK), which interconverts two ADP molecules into stoichiometric amounts of ATP and AMP, plays a critical role in buffering adenine nucleotides throughout the tail to support flagellar motility. Yet the role of the major AK isoform, AK1, is still not well characterized. Here, by using a proteomic analysis of testis biopsy samples, we found that AK1 levels were significantly decreased in nonobstructive azoospermia patients. This result was further verified by immunohistochemical staining of AK1 on a tissue microarray. AK1 was found to be expressed in post-meiotic round and elongated spermatids in mouse testis and subsequent mature sperm in the epididymis. We then generated Ak1 knockout mice, which showed that AK1 deficiency did not induce any defects in testis development, spermatogenesis, or sperm morphology and motility under physiological conditions. We further investigated detergent-modeled epididymal sperm and included individual or mixed adenine nucleotides to mimic energy stress. When only ADP was available, Ak1 disruption largely compromised sperm motility, manifested as a smaller beating amplitude and higher beating frequency, which resulted in less effective forward swimming. The energy restriction/recover experiments with intact sperm further addressed this finding. Besides, decreased AK activity was observed in sperm of a male fertility disorder mouse model induced by cadmium chloride. These results cumulatively demonstrate that AK1 was dispensable for testis development, spermatogenesis, or sperm motility under physiological conditions, but was required for sperm to maintain a constant adenylate energy charge to support sperm motility under conditions of energy stress.
Altrenogest affects the development and endocrine milieu of ovarian follicles in prepubertal and mature gilts†
Authors: Ziecik Adam J , Drzewiecka Klaudia , Gromadzka-Hliwa Katarzyna , Klos Jan , Witek Patrycja , Knapczyk-Stwora Katarzyna , Gajewski Zdzislaw , Kaczmarek Monika M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Altrenogest with gonadotropins is commonly used to synchronize the estrous cycle, but it can also lead to follicular cyst formation, especially in prepubertal gilts. Here, we aimed to investigate how maturity and altrenogest treatment affect the development, endocrine milieu, and molecular control of ovarian follicles. Crossbred prepubertal and mature gilts were challenged or not (control) with altrenogest, and ovaries were collected in the morning on the first day of behavioral estrus. In prepubertal gilts, altrenogest decreased the percentage of primordial and atretic small follicles, but increased large antral follicles when compared with controls. In mature gilts, altrenogest reduced the percentage of primary follicles and elevated the total number of antral follicles. Maturity affected the estradiol level in the follicular fluid of preovulatory follicles, luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation, and LH receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in granulosa. Moreover, cytochrome P45017A1 (CYP17A1) mRNA levels in the theca layer were affected and correlated with follicular androstendione and estradiol concentration. Altrenogest negatively affected follicular fluid progesterone concentration and decreased levels of prostaglandin (PG) E2 in prepubertal gilts and PGF2alpha metabolite in mature gilts. LH-stimulated cAMP release in granulosa cells of mature gilts as well as human chorionic gonadotropin- and forskolin-induced cAMP were also affected. In addition, altrenogest downregulated CYP17A1 mRNA in the prepubertal theca layer and PGF2alpha synthase expression in the granulosa and theca layer of mature gilts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report multiple effects of maturity and altrenogest on the endocrine milieu and molecular regulations governing ovarian follicle development in gilts.