bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐diffusion and viscoelastic effects on multidiffusive porous convection
Authors: Shivakumara Inapura Siddagangaiah , Kondethimmanahalli Rangadhamappa Raghunatha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe onset of triply cross‐diffusive convection in a viscoelastic fluid‐saturated porous layer is investigated as the study is found very relevant for describing natural phenomena (contaminant transport, underground water flow, improved oil recovery, polymer processing). A modified Darcy‐Oldroyd‐B model is used to describe the viscoelastic fluid flow in a porous medium with full cross‐diffusion terms in the diffusivity matrix. A normal mode analysis yields an exact dispersion equation of fifth degree and accordingly the criterion for the onset of stationary and oscillatory convection is obtained. The numerical computations are carried out for diffusivity elements experimentally determined for lysozyme‐sodium chloride‐bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐water system. Instability is found to occur via oscillatory mode for a certain choice of governing parameters. The relaxation and retardation viscoelastic parameters portray opposing contributions on the oscillatory onset and an increase in the relaxation parameter is to increase the range of retardation parameter up to which the oscillatory convection is preferred. The cross‐diffusion is to either delay/hasten the onset of instability based on the magnitude of the stratifying agents. Even minute variations in the cross‐diffusion elements indict complete change in the linear instability criteria. The topology of neutral curves disclosed the occurrence of disconnected closed convex oscillatory neutral curve revealing the requirement of three critical solute Darcy‐Rayleigh numbers to state fully the instability criteria instead of the usual single value; a novel result ensured from the study. Moreover, the nature of instability for Oldroyd‐B, Maxwell and Newtonian fluids turns out to be dissimilar for the same governing parameters.
The role of empathy in children's costly prosocial lie‐telling behaviour
Authors: Nagar Pooja Megha , Caivano Oksana , Talwar Victoria 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to examine the role of induced empathy and parent‐reported empathy (i.e., affective and cognitive) as underlying motives for children's prosocial lie‐telling tendencies. An experimental paradigm was used to elicit prosocial lies in children (N = 146, 7–11 years) in varying cost (low‐cost/high‐cost) and induction (empathy/neutral) conditions. Results indicate that induced empathy predicts prosocial lie likelihood and maintenance in low‐cost conditions, and that cognitive empathy is a predictor of lie‐likelihood. Post‐hoc analyses revealed that a large portion of children chose to prosocially share with the distressed confederate, regardless of whether they lied for them. Individuals who shared were more likely to share in low‐cost conditions, and also had higher cognitive empathy. Overall, this study provides unique insights into the role of empathy as an underlying cognitive process for children's prosocial decision‐making.Highlights
The role of empathy was examined in relation to children's prosocial lying and sharing behaviour in low‐ and high‐cost conditions.
Parent‐reported cognitive empathy predicted both lying and sharing in an experimental paradigm; induced empathy only predicted lying in low‐cost conditions.
Overall, empathy proved to be an important underlying motive for children's prosocial decision‐making.
Dual ureteral stent placement after redo laser endoureterotomy to manage persistent ureteral stricture
Authors: Isogai Masahiko , Hamamoto Shuzo , Hasebe Kenichi , Iida Keitaro , Taguchi Kazumi , Ando Ryosuke , Okada Atsushi , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionEndourological intervention is a minimally invasive approach for the management of ureteral strictures. Contraindications to this approach include active infection, strictures of sizes >2 cm, and failure of endoureterotomy. This report demonstrates a case of successful dual stent placement after redo endoureterotomy.Case presentationA recurring ureteral stricture in a 69‐year‐old woman, who had undergone ureteroscopic lithotripsy for a right ureteral calculus 60 months earlier, was successfully managed by redo endoureterotomy. The procedure involved insertion of dual ureteral stents after endoluminal incision and balloon dilation. Ureteral stents were removed 8 weeks after the operation. No significant complications or signs of stricture were observed 42 months after endoscopic repair.ConclusionThis minimally invasive and effective technique of dual ureteral stent placement following laser endoureterotomy successfully managed the recalcitrant ureteral stricture in a case with failed single stent placement following endoureterotomy.
EFFECTS OF COLOURED PLASTIC MULCH ON SOIL HYDROTHERMAL CHARACTERISTICS, GROWTH AND WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF RAINFED SOYBEAN
Authors: Kader Mohammad Abdul , Nakamura Kimihito , Senge Masateru , Mojid Mohammad Abdul , Kawashima Shigeto 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSoil thermal regime, a crucial factor in plant growth and development, is influenced by the colour of plastic mulch. The effects of black plastic mulch (BPM), silver plastic mulch (SPM), transparent plastic mulch (TPM) and bare soil on the soil temperature regime as well as on the growth and yield of rainfed soybean were evaluated in a field experiment. The results revealed a strong correlation (r2 = 0.85) between air and soil‐surface temperatures in the case of bare soil, but no correlation (r2 = 0.03) in the case of TPM. The coloured plastic mulching raised soil temperature by 3–7 °C compared to bare soil, with a daily fluctuation of 6–17 °C at the early growth stage, while the soil temperature increased by 1–2 °C, with a daily fluctuation of 4–8 °C in later growth stages. BPM provided 1–4 °C more temperature than SPM and TPM at 5, 15 and 25 cm depths that augmented heat accumulation by 23% and 6% compared to bare soil and TPM, respectively. The coloured mulching significantly (p < 0.05) increased soybean growth attributes and thus augmented seed yield by 31–34% compared to bare soil. However, BPM, by maintaining the highest soil temperature, provided the highest seed yield of soybean. Therefore, BPM is recommended as a suitable mulch in the central Japan area. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of a composite hydrogel of silk sericin via horseradish peroxidase‐catalyzed graft polymerization of poly‐PEGDMA
Authors: Hu Haoran , Wang Lin , Xu Bo , Wang Ping , Yuan Jiugang , Yu Yuanyuan , Wang Qiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSilk sericin (SS), which is one of the main components of Bombyx mori silk fibers, has attracted increasing attentions as functional biomaterials due to its diverse biological activities as well as excellent biocompatibility. However, the poor formability and weak mechanical properties of SS materials severely limit their practical applications in biomedical field. To address this issue, in this study poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) modified sericin were prepared by graft polymerization of poly‐PEGDMA (pPEGDMA) onto sericin chains in the presence of horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide under mild condition. The composite hydrogels obtained from the modified SS not only exhibit much improved formability and excellent mechanical properties, but also high possess porosity and swelling ratios up to 63 and 1,250%, respectively, at the optimized formulation. Moreover, the composite hydrogels also reveal sustained drug release behavior and acceptable cytotoxicity, which endow them with vast application as biomaterials. It is envisioned that the method presented in this study would expand the application of SS in biomedical filed.
Short k‐radius sequences, k‐difference sequences and universal cycles
Authors: Zhang Xiande 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn ‐ary ‐radius sequence is a finite sequence of elements taken from an alphabet of size in which any two distinct elements occur within distance of each other somewhere in the sequence. The study of constructing short ‐radius sequences was motivated by some problems occurring in large data transfer. Let be the shortest length of any ‐ary ‐radius sequence. We show that the conjecture by Bondy et al is true for , and determine the exact values of for new infinitely many . Further, we investigate new sequences which we call ‐difference, as they are related to ‐radius sequences and seem to be interesting in themselves. Finally, we answer a question about the optimal length of packing and covering analogs of universal cycles proposed by Dębski et al.
Altered morphology and function of the peripheral nociceptive system in the offspring of diabetic rats
Authors: Campos Lima Taís , Lemes Júlia Borges Paes , Capop Tauane Franco Pinheiro Alves , de Lima Lorena Borges , Monteiro da Cruz Lotufo Celina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether maternal diabetes induced by alloxan injection in the first gestational day of female Wistar rats interferes with the development of the nociceptive peripheral system of the offspring. Behavioral and histologic analysis was performed using the adult offspring of diabetic and control rats. It was found that the offspring of diabetic rats were more sensitive to thermal stimulation and showed an altered response to carrageenan‐induced inflammatory hyperalgesia. The histological analysis showed an increased proportion of nociceptive neurons, while the population of non‐nociceptive myelinated neurons was reduced. Therefore, exposition to hyperglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia in uterus, caused by a diabetic mother, might result in altered nociceptive sensations in the offspring throughout life.
Microscopic and molecular evidence in support of rodent as a reservoir for dissemination of Leishmaniasis
Authors: Khan Imran , Noor Zohaib , Allauddin Khan Syed , Ali Khan Taj , Muhammad Niaz , Ullah Khattak Bahar , Hussain Mubashir 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLeishmaniasis is a worldwide public health problem and vector‐borne disease. It is caused by a diverse group of protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania and transmitted to humans through a bite of an infected female sand fly. Leishmaniasis has attained epidemic proportion in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and raises serious concern over its management. The present research work was conducted in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) prevalent village named Surgul of district Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with a focus to investigate whether rodent can act as a source for dissemination of leishmanial species or not. In this context, rodent samples were analyzed via morphological and molecular approaches to unveil prevalence of CL. It was reported that 12.5% of samples were positive for signs of leishmaniasis through microscopy and 18.75% through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Supporting the findings further, the color character of rodents was also taken into consideration, which shows that light dark colored rodents were more infected (13.3%) compared to brown colored rodents (11.43%). Based on our findings, we speculate that small rodents are a possible reservoir of various leishmanial parasites and play a significant role in zoonosis and maintenance of their species.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis and luminescent activity of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives
Authors: Rodríguez Juan C. , Maldonado Rony A. , Ramírez‐García Gonzalo , Díaz Cervantes Erik , de la Cruz Fabiola N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, a series of phenacyl bromide derivatives was synthesized and employed as key intermediate for the synthesis of substituted imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines. First, phenacyl bromide molecules were obtained from the bromination reaction of acetophenones assisted by microwave irradiation, obtaining the products 4a‐v in a 15 minutes reaction with yields in the range of 50% to 99%. Subsequently, the conjugation of these molecules with 2‐aminopyridine conduced to the production of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives (7a‐v) in a 60‐second reaction with yields of 24% to 99%. Improved yields were determined with respect to those obtained with more tedious methodologies like thermally and mechanically assisted routes. Intense luminescence emissions in the purple and blue regions of the electromagnetic spectra were observed under UV excitation according to the nature of the substituents. This environmentally friendly methodology is expected to constitute an important class of organic compounds for the development of biomarkers, photochemical sensors, and medicinal applications.
The influence of HIV‐related stigma on PrEP disclosure and adherence among adolescent girls and young women in HPTN 082: a qualitative study
Authors: Velloza Jennifer , Khoza Nomhle , Scorgie Fiona , Chitukuta Miria , Mutero Prisca , Mutiti Kudzai , Mangxilana Nomvuyo , Nobula Lumka , Bulterys Michelle A , Atujuna Millicent , Hosek Sybil , Heffron Renee , Bekker Linda‐Gail , Mgodi Nyaradzo , Chirenje Mike , Celum Connie , Delany‐Moretlwe Sinead ,   for the HPTN 082 study group
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionStigma and disclosure concerns have been key barriers to oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) adherence for African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in efficacy trials. We aimed to understand the impact of these factors among African AGYW in an open‐label PrEP study.MethodsHPTN 082 was an open‐label PrEP study among AGYW (ages 16 to 24) in Harare, Zimbabwe, and Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa from 2016 to 2018. Women starting PrEP were randomized to standard adherence support (counselling, two‐way SMS, monthly adherence clubs) or standard support plus drug‐level feedback. Serial in‐depth interviews were conducted among 67 AGYW after 13‐week and 26‐week study visits to explore experiences of stigma, disclosure and PrEP adherence. We analysed data by coding transcripts and memo‐writing and diagramming to summarize themes.ResultsAGYW described stigma related to sexual activity (e.g. “people say I'm a prostitute”) and being perceived to be living with HIV because of taking antiretrovirals (e.g. “my husband's friends say I'm HIV infected”). Participants who anticipated stigma were reluctant to disclose PrEP use and reported adherence challenges. Disclosure also resulted in stigmatizing experiences. Across all sites, negative descriptions of stigma and disclosure challenges were more common in the first interview. In the second interview, participants often described disclosure as an “empowering” way to combat community‐level PrEP stigma; many said that they proactively discussed PrEP in their communities (e.g. became a “community PrEP ambassador”), which improved their ability to take PrEP and encourage others to use PrEP. These empowering disclosure experiences were facilitated by ongoing HPTN 082 study activities (e.g. counselling sessions, adherence clubs) in which they could discuss PrEP‐related stigma, disclosure and PrEP adherence issues.ConclusionsStigma and disclosure challenges were initial concerns for African AGYW newly initiating PrEP but many were empowered to disclose PrEP use over their first six months of PrEP use, which helped them cope with stigma and feel more able to take PrEP regularly. PrEP programmes can foster disclosure through community and clinic‐based discussion, adherence clubs and activities normalizing sexual behaviour and PrEP use, which can reduce stigma and improve PrEP adherence and thus effectiveness.
A patient survey on the impact of alkaptonuria symptoms as perceived by the patients and their experiences of receiving diagnosis and care
Authors: Rudebeck Mattias , Scott Ciarán , Sireau Nicolas , Ranganath Lakshminarayan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlkaptonuria (AKU) is an ultrarare and multifaceted disease characterized by the absence of functional homogentisate 1,2‐dioxygenase activity, the enzyme responsible for breakdown of homogentisic acid—a tyrosine‐degradation product. The presymptomatic phase of the disease makes diagnosis difficult, with many patients unidentified or diagnosed late in life.ObjectiveTo date, no study has analyzed the perceived impact of different symptoms or the experiences of individuals through the patient journey in the context of AKU. This study aimed to examine patients' perceptions of AKU symptoms and their impact on quality of life as well as patients' experiences of being diagnosed and living with the disease.MethodsData for this study were collected using a quantitative self‐report questionnaire administered online to people with AKU.ResultsData from 45 participants indicate that symptoms with the highest impact for patients are those related to pain and ruptures, disability and inability to perform normal routines, emotional/mental health issues, and heart complications. Findings also revealed significant delays in contact with healthcare services and time to diagnosis. Furthermore, patients reported difficulty in receiving information about AKU, treatment and care, and long‐term disease management support.ConclusionsTime to diagnosis and care of AKU is significantly delayed. Symptoms of AKU with the highest impact on quality of life for patients are those related to pain and disability and the inability to perform normal routines. Bridging any gaps between patients with AKU and healthcare professionals through education could help improve patients' experiences with AKU through the patient journey.
KLF10 is a modulatory factor of chondrocyte hypertrophy in developing skeleton
Authors: Lee Jong Min , Ko Ji‐Yun , Park Jeong‐Won , Lee Woon Kyu , Song Sun U. , Im Gun‐Il 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo define the functional role of Krüppel‐like factor (KLF) 10 as a modulator of chondrocyte hypertrophy in developing skeleton, the developmental features in the long bone of KLF10 knockout (KO) mice were investigated and the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from KLF10 KO mice were characterized regarding chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Delayed long bone growth and delayed formation of primary ossification center were observed in an early embryonic stage in KLF10 KO mouse along with very low Indian hedgehog expression in epiphyseal plate. While the chondrogenic potential of mouse MSCs from KLF10 KO mice appeared normal or slight decreased, hypertrophy and osteogenesis were extensively suppressed. These findings suggest that KLF10 is a mediator of chondrocyte hypertrophy in developing skeleton, and that suppression of KLF10 may be employed as a new strategy for preventing hypertrophy in cartilage regeneration using MSCs.
Determining Optimal Outcome Measures in a Trial Investigating No Routine Gastric Residual Volume Measurement in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Tume Lyvonne N. , Arch Barbara , Woolfall Kerry , Roper Louise , Deja Elizabeth , Jones Ashley P. , Latten Lynne , Eccleson Helen , Hickey Helen , Pathan Nazima , Preston Jenny , Beissel Anne , Andrzejewska Izabela , Gale Chris , Valla Frederic V. , Dorling Jon ,   the Paediatric Intensive Care Society Study Group (PICS‐SG)
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundChoosing trial outcome measures is important. When outcomes are not clinically relevant or important to parents/patients, trial evidence is less likely to be implemented into practice. This study aimed to determine optimal outcome measures for a trial of no routine gastric residual volume (GRV) measurement in critically ill children.MethodsA mixed‐methods approach was used: a focused literature review, parent and clinician interviews, a modified 2‐round Delphi, and a stakeholder consensus meeting.ResultsThe review generated 13 outcomes. Fourteen pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) parents proposed 3 additional outcomes; these 16 were then rated by 28 clinicians in Delphi round 1. Six further outcomes were proposed, and 22 outcomes were rated in the second round. No items were voted “consensus out.” The 18 “no‐consensus” items were voted in a face‐to‐face meeting by 30 participants. The final 12 outcome measures were time to reach energy targets, ventilator‐associated pneumonia, vomiting, time enteral feeds withheld per 24 hours, necrotizing enterocolitis, length of invasive ventilation, PICU length of stay, mortality, change in weight and markers of feed intolerance (parenteral nutrition administered), feed formula altered, and change to postpyloric feeds all secondary to feed intolerance.ConclusionWe have identified 12 outcomes for a trial of no GRV measurement through a multistage process, seeking views of parents and clinicians.
Bone Mineral Composition Among Long‐Term Parenteral Nutrition Patients: Postmortem Assessment of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, and Select Trace Elements
Authors: Galusha Aubrey L. , Howard Lyn J. , Kruger Pamela C. , Marks Tia , Parsons Patrick J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients receiving long‐term parenteral nutrition (PN) treatment are at risk of developing metabolic bone diseases (MBDs). The bone compartment serves as a repository for a range of metal(loid)s that are administered intravenously to patients via PN solutions. Thus, the mineral composition of patient bones may be linked to the development of MBDs in this group.MethodsWe measured 12 elements in bone samples obtained post mortem from 7 long‐term (2–21 years) PN patients and 18 control bones obtained from hip/knee replacement surgery. The samples were cleaned, digested, and subsequently analyzed using a method based on inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsCompared with the control group, bones obtained from PN patients were significantly (P < 0.05) depleted in calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), chromium, and strontium and enriched in manganese (Mn), zinc, barium, cadmium (Cd), and uranium (U). No differences were observed for cobalt or lead.ConclusionsDepletion of major components of bone mineral (Ca, P, and Mg) and enrichment in known toxicants (Cd, Mn, U) are concerns for PN patients.
Ensiling of whole‐plant hybrid pennisetum with natamycin and Lactobacillus plantarum impacts on fermentation characteristics and meta‐genomic microbial community at low temperature
Authors: Shah Assar Ali , Wu Juanzi , Qian Chen , Liu Zhiwei , Mobashar Muhammad , Tao Zhujun , Zhang Xiaomin , Zhong Xiaoxian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of the current research was to clarify the impacts of the ensiling of whole‐plant hybrid pennisetum with natamycin and Lactobacillus plantarum on fermentation characteristics and the meta‐genomic microbial community at low temperatures.RESULTSDuring the ensiling process, lactic acid (LA) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) significantly (P < 0.05) increased and acetic acid (AA), water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC), ammonia total nitrogen (NH3‐N), and yeast significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in treatments as compared to controls. Different treatments and different ensiling days led to variations in the bacterial community at family and genus levels. The family Lactobacillaceae and genera Lactobacillus and Pediococcus are dominant communities in treatment silage. The family and genus levels bacterial ecology and fermentation quality were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The PCO1, and PCO2 can be explained by 10.81% and 72.14% of the whole variance regularly, similarly in PCO1 and PCO2 can be explained 24.23% and 52.06% regularly. The core bacterial micro‐biome operational taxonomic unit (OTU) numbers increased in treatments, as compared to controls, on different hybrid pennisetum ensiling days.CONCLUSIONSThe inoculation of L. plantarum alone and combined with natamycin influenced the fermentation quality and reduced undesirable microorganisms during the fermentation of hybrid pennisetum silage. Natamycin alone did not significantly enhance the concentration of organic acid but numerically enhanced in treatments group as compared to control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry