bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of traveling waves in a KPP reaction‐diffusion model with cut‐off reaction rate. I. Permanent form traveling waves
Authors: Tisbury Alex D. O. , Needham David J. , Tzella Alexandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider Kolmogorov‐Petrovskii‐Piscounov (KPP) type models in the presence of a discontinuous cut‐off in reaction rate at concentration . In Part I, we examine permanent form traveling wave solutions (a companion paper, Part II, is devoted to their evolution in the large time limit). For each fixed cut‐off value , we prove the existence of a unique permanent form traveling wave with a continuous and monotone decreasing propagation speed . We extend previous asymptotic results in the limit of small and present new asymptotic results in the limit of large which are, respectively, obtained via the systematic use of matched and regular asymptotic expansions. The asymptotic results are confirmed against numerical results obtained for the particular case of a cut‐off Fisher reaction function.
Exploitation of long‐lasting ultraweak photon emission to estimate skin photodamage after ultraviolet exposure
Authors: Gabe Yu , Murase Daiki , Kasamatsu Shinya , Osanai Osamu , Takahashi Yoshito , Hachiya Akira 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEstablishing a noninvasive method to estimate skin damage immediately after ultraviolet (UV) exposure is required to minimize the anticipated severe symptoms triggered by early phase UV‐induced reactions in the skin. To develop a suitable method, we focused on ultraweak photon emission (UPE) immediately after UV exposure to characterize the relationship of UPE to skin photodamage caused by the UV exposure.Materials and MethodsAnalysis of the correlation between UV‐induced UPE and erythema formation characterized by skin redness was conducted in a clinical study. To clarify the source of UPE, time‐dependent lipid oxidation was analyzed in human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro using a fluorescence indicator as well as the lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) assay.ResultsThe average amount of UV‐induced long‐lasting UPE per second, especially from 1 to 3 minutes compared to other time periods after the UV radiation, increased in a dose‐dependent manner and was highly correlated with the intensity of cutaneous redness 24 hours after UV exposure. In addition, cellular examinations elucidated that both the long‐lasting UPE signals and the increased amounts of LPO 2 minutes after UV radiation were significantly suppressed by Trolox (a vitamin E derivative), which has been shown to inhibit UV‐induced erythema formation in human skin.ConclusionLong‐lasting UPE generated between 1 and 3 minutes immediately after UV exposure, which is associated with LPO production, is a valuable indicator to estimate and/or avoid severe cutaneous photodamage.
Meaning and Definition: Scepticism and Semantics in Twelfth‐Century Arabic Philosophy
Authors: Benevich Fedor 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe theory of essential definitions is a fundamental anti‐sceptic element of the Aristotelian‐Avicennian epistemology. In this theory, when we distinguish the genus and the specific differentia of a given essence we thereby acquire a scientific understanding of it. The aim of this article is to analyse systematically the sceptical reasons, arguments and conclusions against real definitions of three major authorities of twelfth‐century Arabic philosophy: Faḫr al‐Dīn al‐Rāzī, Šihāb al‐Dīn al‐Suhrawardī and Abū l‐Barakāt al‐Baġdādī. I focus on showing how their refutation of our capacity to provide essential definitions of things is rooted in their semantic theory: we only know things under certain descriptions which are identical to the meanings of the words that we use to refer to them, yet these descriptions do not capture the essences of things in themselves. The best result one can achieve with Aristotelian‐Avicennian scientific definitions is a “nominal definition”. With this, Rāzī, Suhrawardī and Abū l‐Barakāt will put some serious epistemic limitations on our capacity to attain scientific knowledge of things, at least as Aristotle and Avicenna would have it.
Roller Element Bearing Fault Size Estimation Using Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System
Authors: Patil Sushant M. , Desavale R. G. , Kumbhar Surajkumar G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The vibration level is a function of the defects in the bearing. By identifying a change in vibration level, one can predict the dynamic behavior and fault in the rotor-bearing system. An imminent bearing fault detection can reduce downtime or avoid the failure of rotating machinery. The condition monitoring or maintenance schedule can be set well if the diagnosis estimate bearing fault size accurately. In view of this, the adaptive neurofuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and dimension analysis (DA) were utilized to detect the bearing fault size. Several experiments were performed at different rotating speeds on the rotor-bearing system. Localized defects were simulated on bearing races artificially using electrode discharge machining (EDM) and the vibration responses are acquainted by accelerometer and fast Fourier techniques (FFT). With a 0.1 mm error band to fix minor bugs, a two-performance indicator evaluated the model accuracy. A comparison of the performance of models with experimental results and artificial neural network (ANN) validated the potential of the present approach. The results showed that an ANFIS performs better over DA and ANN. This contributes to detecting bearing fault effectively and accuracy improvement in the estimation of the bearing fault size.
Research on Hybrid Energy Storage Configuration in Grid Wind Power Scheduling Tracking Under Statistics and Frequency Decomposition
Authors: Zhu Jian-hong , Pan Wen-xia , Gu Juping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe low accuracy of wind power scheduling influences the grid dispatch adversely, increasing the demand for spinning to reserve capacity and obstructing the grid frequency regulation. Considering the throughput characteristics of energy storage system, which can be used to compensate for wind farm power scheduling deviations, and smooth the grid power fluctuations, the hybrid energy storage (HES) is employed to enhance the dispatch ability of wind power generation. As one of the key techniques, desirable energy storage capacity configuration (ESCC) and control methods would accelerate the application of energy storage in the field of new resource. Combined with statistics and frequency decomposition of scheduling power deviation, HES capacity configuration and online dynamic power allocation method are proposed. First, by analysis of grid assessment indexes of wind power, scheduled wind power data are produced by improved adaptive error factor correction particle swarm optimization back-propagation neural network (AEFC-PSO-BPNN) prediction followed by wavelet packet smooth (WPS). After comparing with actual power, scheduling deviation statistics and frequency decomposition are applied in capacity and power configuration of energy storage, as well as dynamic power distribution control. With wind/storage simulation platform, then, feasibility of energy storage embedded in grid wind power scheduling deviation, regulation is verified under several combined methods, and the proposed ESCC methods are tested in application case by grid wind power indexes of root-mean-square error rate (RMSE), average volatility (AV), maximum throughout power and current (MTP, MTC), actual supercapacitor (SC), battery consumption capacity, and the number of crossings of state of charge (SOC) of HES. Finally, analyses and comparison of energy storage capacity requirements are carried out on different scheduling deviation control methods so as to explore the significant factors influencing capacity allocation. Applying these methods can improve the scheduling accuracy of grid wind power, reduce power fluctuations at the power common connected (PCC) point, and minimize the impact of accessed wind power to the grid as much as possible.
Pulsed Ultrasound Assisted Thermo-Therapy for Subsurface Tumor Ablation: A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Singh Gajendra , Paul Abhijit , Shekhar Himanshu , Paul Anup 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a promising therapy for thermal ablation and hyperthermia, characterized by its non-invasiveness and high penetration depth. Effective HIFU thermo-therapy requires the ability to accurately predict temperature elevation and corresponding thermal dose distribution in target tissues. We report a parametric numerical study of the thermal response and corresponding of thermal dose in a soft tissue in response to ultrasound. We compared the predictions of tissue models with two, three, and seven layers, to ultrasound-induced heating at duty cycles ranging from 0.6 and 0.9. Further, two tumor sizes and transducer powers (10 W and 15 W) were considered. The inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation was coupled with the Pennes bio-heat equation to predict heating in response to pulsed ultrasound. Necrotic lesion size was calculated using the cumulative equivalent minute (CEM) thermal dose function. In-vitro experiments were performed with agar-based tissue phantoms as a preliminary validation of the numerical results. The simulations conducted with the seven-layered model predicted up to 33.5% lower peak pressure amplitude than the three-layered model. As the ultrasound pulse width decreased with the equivalent sonication time fixed, the corresponding magnitude of the peak temperature and the rate of temperature rise decreased. Pulsed ultrasound resulted in the increased volume of necrotic lesions for an equivalent time of sonication. The findings of this study highlight the dependence of HIFU-induced heating on target geometry and acoustic properties and could help guide the choice of suitable ultrasound exposure parameters for further studies.
Quantitative Analysis of Forced and Unforced Turbulent Multiphase Coaxial Jets
Authors: Forliti D. J. , Wegener J. , Min C. , Leyva I. A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study explores the structure of liquid/gas coaxial jets under forced and unforced conditions. The forcing is in the form of a transverse acoustic resonance within the confined space where the mixing occurs. The studied flows are relevant to combustion instabilities which involve an interaction between acoustic waves and reactant mixing. A variety of local and global signal processing methods were applied to digital flow visualization data to identify spatial and temporal features. The unforced case is in particular chaotic and influenced by a broad range of spatial and temporal phenomena. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was able to extract flapping and convecting features, and spectral content of these behaviors is presented. The forced case results in organized structures that emerge above the background turbulence, including harmonics of the forcing frequency and nonlinear interactions between specific frequencies. The dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) performs the best in the forced case, clearly isolating all of these features. Wavelet analysis showed that forcing tended to reorganize energy from longer to shorter time scales. Bicoherence analysis of the data showed that the forcing causes a much different energy exchange in the outer and inner shear layers. The outer-to-inner jet coupling during forced conditions appears to be limited to an axial extent of about one to three inner jet diameters downstream of the jet exit. The recirculation zone between the inner and outer jet, extending about one inner jet diameter downstream, appears to disrupt the influence of forcing on the inner jet.
Silent operating theatre optimisation system for positive impact on surgical staff-members' stress, exhaustion, activity and concentration in urological da Vinci surgeries
Authors: Meyer-Lamp Imke , Boos Margarete , Schugmann Lisa S , Leitsmann Conrad , Trojan Lutz , Friedrich Martin G 
Published: October 2020

Background
Noise in the operating room (OR) is a stressor with far-reaching negative consequences. The Silent Operating Theatre Optimisation System (SOTOS) suppresses the noise level in the OR and improves the communication of the OR-staff. This study investigates whether SOTOS has a positive impact on the OR-staff’s perceived stress, exhaustion, activity and concentration.

Methods
Data were collected in a quasi-experimental study design of 32 radical prostatectomies using the da Vinci robotic-assisted system. Sixteen randomly chosen surgeries were carried out with SOTOS and 16 without. A total of 34 OR-staff-members took part, each 32 surgeries involving five planned OR-staff-members. Two points of measurement, before and after each surgery, were carried out, with a final sample of n=143 repeated measurements data. Before and after surgery, OR-staff-members completed a concentration test and a questionnaire concerning their perceived stress, exhaustion and activity levels.

Results
The OR-staff felt significantly less stressed, less exhausted and more active during and after surgery when operating with SOTOS. Especially the primary surgeons, assisting surgeons and circulating nurses profited from SOTOS. SOTOS did not reveal a significant impact on the OR-staff’s concentration in this study.

Conclusion
For urological surgeries using the da Vinci system SOTOS constitutes a technical resource which significantly reduces perceived noise stress and exhaustion and improves the activity of primary surgeons, assisting surgeons and circulating nurses. These efficiencies likely lead to positive changes in their health and job satisfaction and are hence beneficial to the patient safety and hospital resources.
Evaluating the spread of costoclavicular brachial plexus block: an anatomical study
Authors: Koyyalamudi Veerandra , Langley Natalie R , Harbell Monica W , Kraus Molly B , Craner Ryan C , Seamans David P 
Published: October 2020

Background and objectivesThe costoclavicular brachial plexus block is performed deep and posterior to the midpoint of the clavicle. There are limited data evaluating the spread of the costoclavicular brachial plexus block. We performed a cadaveric study to evaluate the spread of injectate after a costoclavicular brachial plexus block.MethodsFive ultrasound-guided costoclavicular block injections were performed with 20 mL of 0.1% methylene blue. The brachial plexus and its branches were dissected from the level of C4 to the lower axilla. The extent of dye spread was recorded including spread to the phrenic nerve, suprascapular nerve, roots, trunks, divisions, cords and terminal branches of the brachial plexus.ResultsThe dye extended cephalad to the level of the cricoid cartilage in two of the five injections; three injections had dye extending 0.75 cm, 1.5 cm and 2 cm caudad to the level of the cricoid cartilage, respectively. The C7, C8 and T1 nerve roots were stained in all injections. The dye did not extend cephalad to the C5 and C6 nerve roots. All trunks, cords and divisions of the brachial plexus were stained, as was the suprascapular nerve. There was no spread of dye to the phrenic nerve in any of the specimens.ConclusionsThis cadaveric study demonstrates that ultrasound-guided injection in the costoclavicular space spreads cephalad to the brachial plexus in the supraclavicular space, consistently reaching the suprascapular nerve and all trunks and cords of the brachial plexus, while sparing the phrenic nerve.
Electromagnetic fields and directed flow in large and small colliding systems at ultrarelativistic energies
Authors: Oliva Lucia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe hot and dense QCD matter produced in nuclear collisions at ultrarelativistic energy is characterized by very intense electromagnetic fields which attain their maximal strength in the early pre-equilibrium stage and interplay with the strong vorticity induced in the plasma by the large angular momentum of the colliding system. A promising observable keeping trace of these phenomena is the directed flow of light hadrons and heavy mesons produced in symmetric and asymmetric heavy-ion collisions as well as in proton-induced reactions. In particular, the splitting of the directed flow between particles with the same mass but opposite electric charge as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum gives access to the electromagnetic response of medium in all collision stages and in the different colliding systems. The highest influence of the electromagnetic fields is envisaged in the pre-equilibrium stage of the collision and therefore a significant imprint is left on the early-produced heavy quarks. The aim of this review is to discuss the current developments towards the understanding of the generation and relaxation time of the electromagnetic fields embedded in both large and small systems and their impact on the charge-odd directed flow of light and heavy particles, highlighting the experimental results and the different theoretical approaches. Since it is possible to perform realistic simulations of high-energy collisions that incorporate also the generated electromagnetic fields and vorticity, the study of the directed flow can provide unique insight into the early nonequilibrium phase and the ensuing QGP formation and transport properties.
Application of spatial distribution patterns of multi-elements in geochemical maps for provenance and transfer process of marine sediments in Kyushu, western Japan
Authors: Ohta Atsuyuki , Imai Noboru , Tachibana Yoshiko , Ikehara Ken 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigated the origin of marine sediments and their transfer by water currents using the spatial distribution patterns of multi-elements in terrestrial and marine areas of Kyushu, western Japan. Quaternary volcanic material covers Cretaceous granitic rock and Jurassic–Paleogene sedimentary rock of an accretionary complex in this region. Cluster analysis based on chemical compositions identified the origin of marine sediments from stream sediments originating from the above lithologies. Pyroclastic-flow deposits associated with caldera formation, particularly that of the Kikai Caldera (7.3 ka), were characterized by low Cr/Ti and La/Yb ratios. In contrast, the La/Yb ratio was very high in sediments derived from granitic rock and sedimentary rock of the accretionary complex. The spatial distributions of low Cr/Ti and La/Yb ratios suggest that marine sediments containing pyroclastic materials, which are found within an 80 km radius of the Kikai Caldera, were distributed on the shelf and transported northeastwards by a branch of the Kuroshio Current. The continuous distribution of the medium Cr/Ti and high La/Yb ratios from the land to the coast, slope and deep basin on the Pacific Ocean side suggests that sediments supplied from the terrestrial area were transferred by gravitational transport from the shelf to the deep basin.
Dynamical Properties of the New Ternary Fission in Collisions of 197Au+197Au at 15 MeV/Nucleon
Authors: Li Xian , Wang Chengqian , Xu Yaohui 
Published: October 2020

The dynamical properties of the new ternary fission in heavy 197Au+197Au at 15 MeV/nucleon have been investigated by using the improved quantum molecular dynamics model. The dependencies of the production probability, lifetime, the time interval, and angular distribution on the impact parameter are carefully studied. The calculation results show that the characteristics of these are very different between the small and the large impact parameter. Comparing the theoretical results with the experimental data, one can obtain that the fast ternary breakup likely occurs at the impact parameter region

b
=
7
‐
9

fm. The nonisotropic of angular distribution and the short time interval among two fissions indicates that the fast ternary fission is a nonequilibrium and violent process.
The RNA m6A Reader YTHDF2 Maintains Oncogene Expression and Is a Targetable Dependency in Glioblastoma Stem Cells
Authors: Dixit Deobrat , Prager Briana C. , Gimple Ryan C. , Poh Hui Xian , Wang Yang , Wu Qiulian , Qiu Zhixin , Kidwell Reilly L. , Kim Leo J.Y. , Xie Qi , Vitting-Seerup Kristoffer , Bhargava Shruti , Dong Zhen , Jiang Li , Zhu Zhe , Hamerlik Petra , Jaffrey Samie R. , Zhao Jing Crystal , Wang Xiuxing , Rich Jeremy N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma is a universally lethal cancer driven by glioblastoma stem cells (GSC). Here, we interrogated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modifications in GSCs by methyl RNA immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing and transcriptome analysis, finding transcripts marked by m6A often upregulated compared with normal neural stem cells (NSC). Interrogating m6A regulators, GSCs displayed preferential expression, as well as in vitro and in vivo dependency, of the m6A reader YTHDF2, in contrast to NSCs. Although YTHDF2 has been reported to destabilize mRNAs, YTHDF2 stabilized MYC and VEGFA transcripts in GSCs in an m6A-dependent manner. We identified IGFBP3 as a downstream effector of the YTHDF2–MYC axis in GSCs. The IGF1/IGF1R inhibitor linsitinib preferentially targeted YTHDF2-expressing cells, inhibiting GSC viability without affecting NSCs and impairing in vivo glioblastoma growth. Thus, YTHDF2 links RNA epitranscriptomic modifications and GSC growth, laying the foundation for the YTHDF2–MYC–IGFBP3 axis as a specific and novel therapeutic target in glioblastoma.Significance:Epitranscriptomics promotes cellular heterogeneity in cancer. RNA m6A landscapes of cancer and NSCs identified cell type–specific dependencies and therapeutic vulnerabilities. The m6A reader YTHDF2 stabilized MYC mRNA specifically in cancer stem cells. Given the challenge of targeting MYC, YTHDF2 presents a therapeutic target to perturb MYC signaling in glioblastoma.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 211
ПОКАЗНИКИ ЛІПІДНОГО ОБМІНУ У ДІТЕЙ ТА ЇХ ВЗАЄМОЗВ’ЯЗОК ІЗ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕНІСТЮ ВІТАМІНОМ D
Authors: Strоy O. A. , Slipachuk L. V. 
Published: October 2020

Доведено, що функції вітаміну D (VD) не обмежуються тільки контролем кальцій-фосфорного обміну, вивчаються його інші плейотропні ефекти.
Мета – вивчення VD-статусу і його впливу на ліпідний профіль у дітей з групи ризику розвитку дисліпопротеїнемії.
Матеріал і методи. Обстежено 30 дітей віком 6–7 років, які народилися у жінок з цукровим діабетом (ЦД). Контрольна група – 30 дітей від здорових матерів. Проводили оцінку фізичного розвитку з розрахунком індексу маси тіла (ІМТ). Досліджували показники ліпідного обміну – загальний холестерин (ХС), тригліцериди (ТГ), ХС ЛПВЩ, ХС ЛПНЩ (ммоль/л) у крові, індекс атерогенності (ІА). Усім дітям визначали вміст 25-ОН-Д в сироватці крові, рівень глюкози.
Результати. 10 (33,3 %) дітей від матерів з ЦД мають надлишкову масу тіла, 5 (16,7 %) – ожиріння, що в 2 рази вище, ніж у контрольній групі. Рівень глюкози натще у всіх обстежених дітей від матерів з ЦД був у межах фізіологічних коливань. Рівень 25-ОН-Д у дітей від матерів з ЦД, у порівнянні з контрольною групою, був значно знижений.
У дітей від матерів з ЦД виявлено дисліпопротеїнемію: достовірне підвищення вмісту ТГ і ХС у сироватці крові, більш високі показники ХС ЛПНЩ і низькі показники ХС ЛПВЩ, ніж у контрольній групі (р<0,05), ІА був достовірно вище.
Висновки. Дефіцит VD в організмі обстежених може бути однією з причин виявленої у них дисліпідемії, крім того, надлишкова маса і ожиріння також є факторами ризику розвитку атеросклерозу, метаболічного синдрому.