bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attachment representation to caregivers and mentalizing ability in early adolescents with primary headache
Authors: Bizzi Fabiola , Riva Anna , Charpentier Mora Simone , Cavanna Donatella , Nacinovich Renata 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrimary headache (PH) is a common somatic disorder in childhood with a strong impact in terms of quality of life. There are several risk factors related to the development of this disorder including environmental factors as attachment bonds. However, studies in this direction are relatively few and have often used self‐report or semi‐projective measures looking at the only maternal attachment. Moreover, several studies have shown a link between somatoform pains and mentalizing abilities, but the relation between mentalizing and PH in childhood is unexplored. Therefore, this study aims at exploring attachment bonds, focusing on both maternal and paternal representations and mentalizing abilities in early adolescents with and without PH within a cross‐sectional case‐controlled design. A sample of 94 early adolescents aged 10–14 years (47 with PH and 47 without PH as a comparison group) completed the Child Attachment Interview to assess attachment representations to caregivers. Mentalizing abilities were assessed applying to the interviews in the Child and Adolescent Reflective Functioning Scale. PH adolescents showed a greater percentage of insecure‐preoccupied attachment to both parents, with higher level of preoccupied anger especially to father than the comparison group (p values from 0.000 to 0.014, effect size values from.31 to.45), while no differences emerged about mentalizing (p values from.264 to 0.312). The over‐representation of insecure–preoccupied attachment to both parents suggests a key role of parent–child interaction in early adolescents with PH, while the role of mentalizing abilities remains controversial and further studies are needed to address this issue. Clinical implications are discussed.
Microbial activity affects sulphur in biogenic aragonite
Authors: Fichtner Vanessa , Lange Skadi M. , Krause Stefan , Huthwelker Thomas , Borca Camelia N. , Schurr Simon L. , Immenhauser Adrian , Pederson Chelsea L. , Treude Tina , Erhardt Andrea M. , Strauss Harald 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCarbonates that exhibit obvious diagenetic alteration are usually excluded as archives in palaeoenvironmental studies. However, the potential impact of microbial alteration during early diagenesis is still poorly explored. To investigate the sensitivity of sulphur concentration, distribution, oxidation state and isotopic composition in marine aragonite to microbial alteration, Arctica islandica bivalves and Porites sp. corals were experimentally exposed to anaerobic microbial activity. The anoxic incubation media included a benthic bacterial strain Shewanella sediminis and a natural anoxic sediment slurry with a natural microbial community of unknown species. Combined fluorescence microscopy and synchrotron‐based analysis of the sulphur distribution and oxidation state enabled a comparison of organic matter and sulphur content in the two materials. Results revealed a higher proportion of reduced sulphur species and locally stronger fluorescence within the pristine bivalve shell compared to the pristine coral skeleton. Within the pristine bivalve specimen, reduced sulphur was enriched in layers along the inner shell margin. After incubation in the anoxic sediment slurry, this region revealed rust‐brown staining and a patchy S2‐ distribution pattern rather than S2‐‐layers. Another effect on sulphur distribution was rust‐brown coloured fibres along one growth line, revealing a locally higher proportion of sulphur. The δ34S value of carbonate‐associated sulphate remained largely unaffected by both incubation media, but a lower δ34S value of water‐soluble sulphate reflected the degradation of insoluble organic matter by microbes in both experiments. No significant alteration was detected in the coral samples exposed to microbial alteration. The data clearly identified a distinct sensitivity of organically bound sulphur in biogenic aragonite to microbial alteration even when ‘traditional’ geochemical proxies such as δ18OCARB or δ13CCARB in the carbonate did not show any effect. Differences in the intensity of microbial alteration documented are probably due to inherent variations in the concentration and nature of original organic compositions in the samples.
Associations of elevated weight status with symptom severity and treatment outcomes in binge/purge eating disorders
Authors: Chen Joanna Y. , Berner Laura A. , Brown Tiffany A. , Wierenga Christina E. , Kaye Walter H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveBinge‐eating and purging behaviors commonly co‐occur with overweight. However, little is known about the potential associations of elevated weight status with eating disorder severity or treatment outcomes. Thus, the present study compared binge‐eating and purging patients with low, normal, and high weight statuses on eating disorder and mood symptoms at treatment admission, and tested whether weight status was associated with symptom change over treatment.MethodThe sample included 135 adult female patients in an intensive outpatient program, who completed self‐assessments at admission and discharge. MANOVAs compared the groups at treatment admission, and multilevel models examined changes over time.ResultsAt admission, the high‐weight group reported greater fasting frequency than the normal‐weight group, and higher shape and weight concerns than the low‐weight group. Over time, the high‐weight group additionally showed higher eating disorder psychological symptom severity than the normal‐weight group. The groups did not differ on mood symptoms at admission. Longitudinal results indicated that the groups showed comparable symptom improvements over treatment.DiscussionThese findings highlight the severity of higher‐weight patients with bulimia nervosa. Additionally, although these patients may present with more severe symptoms, their response to an intensive treatment may be comparable to that of normal‐ or lower‐weight groups.
Thiocarbamate‐directed Cp*Co(III)‐Catalyzed Olefinic C−H Amidation: Facile Access to Enamines with High (Z)‐Selectivity
Authors: Liang Ya‐Ru , Si Xiao‐Ju , Zhang He , Yang Dandan , Niu Jun‐Long , Song Mao‐Ping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA thiocarbamate‐directed Cp*Co(III)‐catalyzed C−H oxidative amidation of olefins is achieved to synthesize a series of enamines. The key feature of this protocol is the use of earth‐abundant cobalt as catalyst and thiocarbamate as directing group, which provides an efficient and simple manner to synthesize enamines in good yields with high (Z)‐selectivity. This reaction proceeds smoothly under very mild conditions (rt and air), and a wide range of functionalized alkenes, as well as dioxazolones, were compatible with the standard reaction conditions.
Longitudinal changes in the bioactive proteins in human milk of the Chinese population: A systematic review
Authors: Ren Qiqi , Zhou Yalin , Zhang Wei , Tian Yueyue , Sun Han , Zhao Xuejun , Xu Yajun , Jiang Shilong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis systematic review aimed at investigating longitudinal changes in human milk bioactive protein concentrations in Chinese population. Both English and Chinese databases were searched. The data were pooled into six defined lactation stages. Weighted means of protein concentrations in each stage and the statistical significance of means of different lactation stages were calculated. The data of 11 bioactive proteins were retrieved. Concentrations of sIgA, IgM, and IgG decreased sharply during the first 14 days of lactation. The levels of α‐lactalbumin, lactoferrin, and β‐casein also decreased throughout lactation. Conversely, lysozyme levels increased over lactation. The changing patterns of the serum albumin, osteopontin, and bile salt‐stimulated lipase (BSSL) were not conclusive. This study represents the most comprehensive summary of bioactive proteins in Chinese human milk. In the future, mass spectrometry‐based analysis of human milk proteomics may be used to investigate the longitudinal changes of many more bioactive proteins.
Sialylation acts as a checkpoint for innate immune responses in the central nervous system
Authors: Klaus Christine , Liao Huan , Allendorf David H. , Brown Guy C. , Neumann Harald 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSialic acids are monosaccharides that normally terminate the glycan chains of cell surface glyco‐proteins and ‐lipids in mammals, and are highly enriched in the central nervous tissue. Sialic acids are conjugated to proteins and lipids (termed “sialylation”) by specific sialyltransferases, and are removed (“desialylation”) by neuraminidases. Cell surface sialic acids are sensed by complement factor H (FH) to inhibit complement activation or by sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin (SIGLEC) receptors to inhibit microglial activation, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst. In contrast, desialylation of cells enables binding of the opsonins C1, calreticulin, galectin‐3, and collectins, stimulating phagocytosis of such cells. Hypersialylation is used by bacteria and cancers as camouflage to escape immune recognition, while polysialylation of neurons protects synapses and neurogenesis. Insufficient lysosomal cleavage of sialylated molecules can lead to lysosomal accumulation of lipids and aggregated proteins, which if excessive may be expelled into the extracellular space. On the other hand, desialylation of immune receptors can activate them or trigger removal of proteins. Loss of inhibitory SIGLECs or FH triggers reduced clearance of aggregates, oxidative brain damage and complement‐mediated retinal damage. Thus, cell surface sialylation recognized by FH, SIGLEC, and other immune‐related receptors acts as a major checkpoint inhibitor of innate immune responses in the central nervous system, while excessive cleavage of sialic acid residues and consequently removing this checkpoint inhibitor may trigger lipid accumulation, protein aggregation, inflammation, and neurodegeneration.
Association between the polymorphism of three genes involved in the methylation and efflux of arsenic (As3MT, MRP1, and P‐gp) with lung cancer in a Mexican cohort
Authors: Recio‐Vega Rogelio , Hernandez‐Gonzalez Sandra , Michel‐Ramirez Gladis , Olivas‐Calderón Edgar , Lantz R. Clark , Gandolfi A. Jay , Amistadi Mary Kay 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLung cancer is the most common neoplasm and the primary cause‐related mortality in developed and in most of nondeveloped countries. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that even at low arsenic doses, the lungs are one of the main target organs and that chronic arsenic exposure has been associated with an increase in lung cancer development. Among the risk factors for cancer, arsenic methylation efficiency (As3MT) and the clearance of arsenic from cells by two members of the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter family (multidrug resistance protein 1 [MRP1] and P‐glycoprotein [P‐gp]) play an important role in processing of arsenic and decreasing its intracellular levels. This study aimed to evaluate the association between chronic exposure to arsenic with polymorphism of three proteins involved in arsenic metabolism and efflux of the metalloid in subjects with lung cancer. Polymorphism in As3MT, MRP1, and P‐gp modified the arsenic metabolism increasing significantly the AsV urinary levels. A significant association between MRP1 polymorphisms with an increase in the risk for cancer was found. The high inorganic arsenic urinary levels registered in the studied subjects suggest a reduction in the efficiency of As3MT, MRP1, and P‐gp firstly because of gene polymorphisms and secondarily because of high internal inorganic arsenic levels. MRP1 polymorphism was associated with a twofold increase in the risk of lung cancer.
Examining the relationship between physical and sexual violence and psychosocial health in young people living with HIV in rural South Africa
Authors: Filiatreau Lindsey M , Giovenco Danielle , Twine Rhian , Gómez‐Olivé F Xavier , Kahn Kathleen , Haberland Nicole , Pettifor Audrey 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionExperiences of violence during youth contravene young people’s rights and increase the risk of depression and poor human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care outcomes among youth living with HIV (YLWH). Intervention targets for mitigating the negative psychosocial effects of violence are needed, particularly in areas like rural South Africa where violence remains pervasive and mental healthcare is limited. This study aims to quantify the associations between physical and sexual violence and depressive symptoms in YLWH in rural South Africa and explore the modification of these associations by key measures of psychosocial well‐being.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey among 362 YLWH ages 12 to 24 in rural South Africa to ascertain participants’ history of physical and sexual violence, current depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression Scale) and levels of social support (Medical Outcomes Social Support Scale), resilience (Conner‐Davidson Resilience Scale) and self‐esteem (Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale). Log‐binomial regression was used to estimate the association between history of physical or sexual violence and clinically meaningful depressive symptoms (scores 16). Effect measure modification by high versus low resilience, social support and self‐esteem was assessed using likelihood ratio tests (α = 0.20).ResultsA total of 334 individuals with a median age of 21 (interquartile range: 16 to 23) were included in this analysis. Most participants were female (71.3%), single (81.4%) and attending school (53.0%). Ninety‐four participants (28.1%) reported a history of physical or sexual violence and 92 individuals (27.5%) had clinically meaningful depressive symptoms. Meaningful depressive symptoms were significantly higher among participants with a history of physical or sexual violence as compared to those with no history of violence (adjusted prevalence ratio: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.43, 2.83). However, this association was significantly modified by social support (p = 0.04) and self‐esteem (p = 0.02).ConclusionsIn this setting, the prevalence of meaningful depressive symptoms was significantly higher among YLWH with a history of physical or sexual violence as compared to those without a history of violence. However, higher levels of self‐esteem or social support appeared to mitigate this association. Programmes to improve self‐esteem and social support for youth have the potential to minimize depressive symptoms in YLWH who have experienced physical or sexual violence.
Structural and ultrastructural studies on the developing vomeronasal sensory epithelium in the grass snake Natrix natrix (Squamata: Colubroidea)
Authors: Kaczmarek Paweł , Rupik Weronika 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe sensory olfactory epithelium and the vomeronasal sensory epithelium (VSE) are characterized by continuous turnover of the receptor cells during postnatal life and are capable of regeneration after injury. The VSE, like the entire vomeronasal organ, is generally well developed in squamates and is crucial for detection of pheromones and prey odors. Despite the numerous studies on embryonic development of the VSE in squamates, especially in snakes, an ultrastructural analysis, as far as we know, has never been performed. Therefore, we investigated the embryology of the VSE of the grass snake (Natrix natrix) using electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and light microscopy. As was shown for adult snakes, the hypertrophied ophidian VSE may provide great resolution of changes in neuron morphology located at various epithelial levels. The results of this study suggest that different populations of stem/progenitor cells occur at the base of the ophidian VSE during embryonic development. One of them may be radial glia‐like cells, described previously in mouse. The various structure and ultrastructure of neurons located at different parts of the VSE provide evidence for neuronal maturation and aging. Based on these results, a few nonmutually exclusive hypotheses explaining the formation of the peculiar columnar organization of the VSE in snakes were proposed.
Study on the separation mechanism of solid‐substrate electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Shi Peiyu , Li Min , Fu Xian , Xia Bing , Zhou Yan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSolid‐substrate electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is an important ambient ionization technology to simplify mass spectrometry analysis. Nowadays, its separation application has been reported increasingly, however, the detailed separation mechanism is still indistinct although the chromatographic effect was reported as a possible factor. In this study, substrate‐filled capillary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was developed as an ideal model to investigate the separation mechanism using over thirty small molecules (neutral, basic, and weakly acidic) as model compounds with C18‐bonded silica gel and silica gel as the substrates. The chromatographic effect was validated by the negative t‐value of oil‐water distribution coefficient, and the electric field effect was verified by the paired t‐test (p < 0.01) between the retention times at 5.5 and 4.0 kV. A differential equation was proposed to quantify the compound retention under electric field. The quantitative method was validated to rapidly quantify proline (31.88 μg/mL) and hydroxyproline (20.71 μg/mL) in plasma with acceptable selectivity and accuracy. In conclusion, the separation mechanism of solid‐substrate electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was the combination of the chromatographic and electric field effects, which could provide theoretical guidance for the separation optimization, and also promote its applications in biological, pharmaceutical, forensic, food and environmental analyses, etc.
MiR‐146a functions as a potential tumor suppressor in retinoblastoma by negatively regulate neuro‐oncological ventral antigen‐1
Authors: Liu Xiu‐Ming , Li Xiao‐Feng , Li Jian‐Chang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in many tumors and have been found to play crucial roles in cancer biology. Retinoblastoma is a rare tumor that develops rapidly from a malignant tumor of immature cells in the retina known as photoreceptor progenitors. Our study aimed to explore the role of miR‐146a in the pathology of retinoblastoma. Potential target gene of miR‐146a was predicted by Targetscan. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) showed that miR‐146a was downregulated and ventral nerve tumor antigen 1 (Neuro ‐ oncological ventral antigen 1, NOVA1) was upregulated in retinoblastoma. Luciferase assay confirmed that miR‐146a directly target NOVA1. MiR‐146a knockdown and overexpression experiments were performed and found that miR‐146a could regulate the expression of NOVA1. The miR‐146a knockdown and overexpression experiments were conducted to investigate the biological function of miR‐146a. MiR‐146a was found inhibited the viability, proliferation and invasion of retinoblastoma cell by MTT, EdU, and transwell assays. Flow cytometry was performed for the apoptosis analysis and miR‐146a increased the apoptosis of retinoblastoma cell was found. Above phenomenon can be rescued by overexpression of NOVA1. In conclusion, these results suggest that miR‐146a acts as a tumor suppressor and can act as a potential therapeutic target for retinoblastoma in the future.
RB1CC1 duplication and aberrant overexpression in a patient with schizophrenia: further phenotype delineation and proposal of a pathogenetic mechanism
Authors: Errichiello Edoardo , Giorda Roberto , Gambale Antonella , Iolascon Achille , Zuffardi Orsetta , Giglio Sabrina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCopy number variants in coding and noncoding genomic regions have been implicated as risk factor for schizophrenia (SCZ). Rare duplications of the RB1CC1 gene were found enriched in SCZ patients. Considering that the effect of such duplications on RB1CC1 expression has never been evaluated and partial gene duplications of RB1CC1 have also been reported in SCZ patients, it is unclear whether the pathogenesis is mediated by haploinsufficiency rather than genuine overexpression of the gene.Methods and ResultsWe studied a patient with schizophrenia, suicidality, and obesity, who carried a de novo RB1CC1 complete duplication, as assessed by high‐resolution array‐CGH. Molecular breakpoint cloning allowed to identify nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) as driving mechanism in this rearrangement. On the contrary, trio‐based whole‐exome sequencing excluded other potential causative variants related to the phenotype. Functional assays showed significant overexpression of RB1CC1 in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the proband compared to control subjects, suggesting overdosage as leading mechanism in SCZ pathophysiology.ConclusionWe hypothesized a pathogenetic model that might explain the correlation between RB1CC1 overexpression and schizophrenia by altering different cell signaling pathways, including autophagy, a promising therapeutic target for schizophrenic patients.
Technical Note: An embedding‐based medical note de‐identification approach with sparse annotation
Authors: Zhou Hanyue , Ruan Dan 
Published: December 2020

PurposeMedical note de‐identification is critical for the protection of private information and the security of data sharing in collaborative research. The task demands the complete removal of all patient names and other sensitive information such as addresses and phone numbers from medical records. Accomplishing this goal is challenging, with many variations in the medical note formats and string representations. Existing de‐identification approaches include pattern matching where extensive dictionary lists are constructed a prior; and entity tagging, which trains on a large word‐wise annotated corpus. This motivates us to study an alternative to the existing approaches with a reduced annotation burden.MethodsIn this work, we propose a novel approach that implicitly accounts for the language territory of sensitive information. Specifically, our approach incorporates a contextualized word embedding module and a multilayer perceptron to simultaneously infer the similarity of sensitive and non‐sensitive vocabularies to a constructed landmark set, providing an overall sparsely supervised classification. To demonstrate the rationale, we present the principle and work pipeline with the task of name removal, but the proposed method applies to other strings as well.ResultsOn a large cohort of hybrid clinical reports, including various forms of consulting, on‐treatment‐visit, and follow‐up notes, we achieved >0.99 accuracies in our constructed training, validation, and testing sets. The sensitivity and specificity were 1.0 and 0.9973, respectively, for two randomly selected reports, comparing favorably to the benchmark Stanford NER tagger, which achieved 0.8529 and 0.9969. The F1 score was 0.889 ± 0.046 and 0.822 ± 0.103 across six randomly selected reports for the proposed method and the Stanford NER, respectively, and the result was significant under a one‐sided t‐test with alpha = 0.1.ConclusionOur qualitative and quantitative analysis shows that our method achieved better results than the pretrained 3‐class Stanford NER toolbox.