bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indian Subcontinent’s First Proximal Forearm Level Double Upper Extremity Transplantation
Authors: Sharma Mohit , Iyer Subramania , Purushottaman Kishore , Vijayaraghavan Sundeep , Matthew Jimmy , Dudipala Raghuveer Reddy , Ramu Janarthanan , Paul Jerry , Rajan Sunil , Verma Vishak , Chaudary Ashish , Dhake Swapnil , Omkumar Akshay , Kapahtia Radhika , Sharma Dimpy , Maharaja Nirav ,   Anwar,   Meera,   Dhruvan,   Arun,   Arjun
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has added another step to the reconstructive ladder, leading to a paradigm shift in the approach toward management of cases of upper limb amputations. In this article, we discuss in detail the technical aspects of proximal forearm level transplantation, as well as the immediate posttransplant monitoring and immunosuppression protocols.
Materials and Methods A 24-year-old male victim of an electric injury presented with a bilateral proximal forearm level amputation. After the mandatory preoperative psychiatric and immunological evaluation, the patient underwent a proximal forearm level double upper extremity transplantation. He was then put on a stringent immunosuppression and physical rehabilitative regime.
Discussion Conceptually, the proximal forearm level transplantation is significantly different from distal forearm level transplant. This transplant “reestablishes” the “donor extremity length,” maintains the normal functional length of the donor muscles, and the functional return happens only after the newly transplanted donor muscles are reinnervated over a period of time.
Conclusion As the sequence of surgical repair and associated decision making could be quite confusing for this level of transplantation, it is highly advisable to do mock cadaver surgical dissections in order to standardize the procedure and make the team familiar with it.
Two Doses of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Offers No Benefit over One Dose in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Charette Ryan S. , Bernstein Jenna A. , Sloan Matthew , Nchako Corbyn M. , Kamath Atul F. , Nelson Charles L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to reduce blood loss and transfusions in total hip arthroplasty (THA). There is no consensus on the ideal number of doses that best reduces blood loss while limiting complications. Our study compared one versus two doses of intravenous TXA in primary THA and its effect on blood transfusion rate. We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing primary THA at our two high-volume arthroplasty centers from 2013 to 2016. Patients were included if they underwent unilateral primary THA, and received one or two doses of TXA. Patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation were excluded. Our primary outcome measure was postoperative transfusion rate. Secondary outcomes included blood loss, length of stay (LOS), rate of deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE), readmission, and reoperation. A total of 1,273 patients were included; 843 patients received one dose of TXA and 430 patients received two TXA doses. Univariate analysis demonstrated no significant difference in transfusion rate when administering one versus two doses. There was no significant difference in LOS, or rates of DVT/PE, readmission, and reoperation. When comparing patients receiving aspirin prophylaxis, there was a significantly decreased blood volume loss with two doses (1,360 vs. 1,266 mL, mean difference = 94 mL; p = 0.017). In patients, undergoing primary unilateral THA, there is no difference in postoperative transfusion rate with one or two doses of intravenous TXA. There was no difference in thromboembolic events. Given the added cost without clear benefit, these findings support one rather than two doses of TXA during primary THA.
Characterization of the function spaces associated with weighted Sobolev spaces of the first order on the real line
Authors: Prokhorov D. V. , Stepanov V. D. , Ushakova E. P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A brief survey of results on the characterization of the spaces associated with given classes of function spaces is presented. It is shown that the situation differs in general for ideal and non-ideal spaces. In the second case the notion of associated space splits into two. In the main body of the text a complete description is given of the function spaces associated with weighted Sobolev spaces of the first order on the real line.
Bibliography: 54 titles.
Cubillages of cyclic zonotopes
Authors: Danilov V. I. , Karzanov A. V. , Koshevoy G. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A survey is given of recent results on fine zonotopal tilings by cubes (briefly, cubillages) of cyclic zonotopes. The main interest of this theory is that it is interrelated with the theory of higher Bruhat orders, as well as with the parallel theory of triangulations of cyclic polytopes and Tamari–Stasheff posets, used in investigations of the Kadomtsev– Petviashvili equations and higher Auslander–Reiten algebras.
Bibliography: 35 titles.
Rescue of tomato spotted wilt virus entirely from complementary DNA clones
Authors: Feng Mingfeng , Cheng Ruixiang , Chen Minglong , Guo Rong , Li Luyao , Feng Zhike , Wu Jianyan , Xie Li , Hong Jian , Zhang Zhongkai , Kormelink Richard , Tao Xiaorong 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Although reverse genetics (RG) systems were first developed for animal-infecting viruses with segmented negative-stranded/ambisense RNA genomes over 20 years ago, such a system for plant viruses with segmented negative-stranded/ambisense RNA genomes had not been developed until now. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a virus with tripartite negative-stranded/ambisense RNA genomes, is one of the most economically important plant viruses in the world. Many groups have tried to construct infectious clones for TSWV, but all have failed. Here we report the establishment of a RG system for TSWV. Infectious TSWV and derivatives carrying eGFP reporters were rescued entirely from complementary DNA (cDNA) clones. This RG system now provides a powerful platform to study the disease pathology of Tospoviruses during natural infection.
Using the BODY-Q to Evaluate Appearance and Quality of Life Following Treatment of Skin Laxity of the Outer Thigh with Microfocused Ultrasound and Calcium Hydroxylapatite
Authors: Smith Jesse R , Sheehan Michael , Casas Laurie A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Two procedures that have demonstrated collagen-stimulating properties and improvements in skin laxity in a variety of aesthetic indications are microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU-V) and injection with calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA).

Objectives
By treating skin laxity with a combination of these therapies, it was hypothesized that our patients would experience improved appearance and quality of life as measured by the BODY-Q.

Methods
A total of 60 consecutive female patients aged 30 to 60 years with body mass index less than 28 kg/m2 who expressed interest in treatment for skin laxity affecting the outer thighs completed selected scales (Body Image, Appraisal of Excess Skin, Satisfaction with Hips and Outer Thighs, and Appearance-Related Psychosocial Distress) from the BODY-Q within 1 week of treatment. At the time of treatment, MFU-V was directed to the outer thighs (150 lines at focal depths of 3.0 and 4.5 mm per outer thigh). Immediately following MFU-V, patients received treatment with CaHA injected into the subdermis (1.5 mL diluted 1:1 with 1.5 mL of 2% lidocaine solution per outer thigh). At 90 days posttreatment, these patients repeated the BODY-Q.

Results
At 90 days posttreatment, with 100% follow-up among the 60 consecutive female patients treated, scores from the BODY-Q scales showed statistically significant improvement (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
Following treatment of skin laxity on the outer thighs with a combination of MFU-V and CaHA, our patients reported a statistically significant improvement in appearance and quality of life at 90 days posttreatment. This protocol may be applicable to other areas of the body.

Level of Evidence: 4
Genetic determinants of blood lipids and cerebral small vessel disease: role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Authors: Georgakis Marios K , Malik Rainer , Anderson Christopher D , Parhofer Klaus G , Hopewell Jemma C , Dichgans Martin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBlood lipids are causally involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but their role in cerebral small vessel disease remains largely elusive. Here, we explored associations of genetic determinants of blood lipid levels, lipoprotein particle components, and targets for lipid-modifying drugs with small vessel disease phenotypes. We selected genetic instruments for blood levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides, for cholesterol and triglycerides components of size-defined lipoprotein particles, and for lipid-modifying drug targets based on published genome-wide association studies (up to 617 303 individuals). Applying two-sample Mendelian randomization approaches we investigated associations with ischaemic and haemorrhagic manifestations of small vessel disease [small vessel stroke: 11 710 cases, 287 067 controls; white matter hyperintensities (WMH): 10 597 individuals; intracerebral haemorrhage: 1545 cases, 1481 controls]. We applied the inverse-variance weighted method and multivariable Mendelian randomization as our main analytical approaches. Genetic predisposition to higher HDL-C levels was associated with lower risk of small vessel stroke [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.78–0.92] and lower WMH volume (β = –0.07, 95% CI = −0.12 to −0.02), which in multivariable Mendelian randomization remained stable after adjustments for LDL-C and triglycerides. In analyses of lipoprotein particle components by size, we found these effects to be specific for cholesterol concentration in medium-sized high-density lipoprotein, and not large or extra-large high-density lipoprotein particles. Association estimates for intracerebral haemorrhage were negatively correlated with those for small vessel stroke and WMH volume across all lipid traits and lipoprotein particle components. HDL-C raising genetic variants in the gene locus of the target of CETP inhibitors were associated with lower risk of small vessel stroke (OR: 0.82, 95% CI = 0.75–0.89) and lower WMH volume (β = −0.08, 95% CI = −0.13 to −0.02), but a higher risk of intracerebral haemorrhage (OR: 1.64, 95% CI = 1.26–2.13). Genetic predisposition to higher HDL-C, specifically to cholesterol in medium-sized high-density lipoprotein particles, is associated with both a lower risk of small vessel stroke and lower WMH volume. These analyses indicate that HDL-C raising strategies could be considered for the prevention of ischaemic small vessel disease but the net benefit of such an approach would need to be tested in a randomized controlled trial.
Sox11 is an Activity-Regulated Gene with Dentate-Gyrus-Specific Expression Upon General Neural Activation
Authors: von Wittgenstein Julia , Zheng Fang , Wittmann Marie-Theres , Balta Elli-Anna , Ferrazzi Fulvia , Schäffner Iris , Häberle Benjamin M , Valero-Aracama Maria J , Koehl Muriel , Miranda Carlos J , Kaspar Brian K , Ekici Arif B , Reis André , Abrous Djoher Nora , Alzheimer Christian , Lie D Chichung 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Neuronal activity initiates transcriptional programs that shape long-term changes in plasticity. Although neuron subtypes differ in their plasticity response, most activity-dependent transcription factors (TFs) are broadly expressed across neuron subtypes and brain regions. Thus, how region- and neuronal subtype-specific plasticity are established on the transcriptional level remains poorly understood. We report that in young adult (i.e., 6–8 weeks old) mice, the developmental TF SOX11 is induced in neurons within 6 h either by electroconvulsive stimulation or by exploration of a novel environment. Strikingly, SOX11 induction was restricted to the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. In the novel environment paradigm, SOX11 was observed in a subset of c-FOS expressing neurons (ca. 15%); whereas around 75% of SOX11+ DG granule neurons were c-FOS+, indicating that SOX11 was induced in an activity-dependent fashion in a subset of neurons. Environmental enrichment or virus-mediated overexpression of SOX11 enhanced the excitability of DG granule cells and downregulated the expression of different potassium channel subunits, whereas conditional Sox11/4 knock-out mice presented the opposite phenotype. We propose that Sox11 is regulated in an activity-dependent fashion, which is specific to the DG, and speculate that activity-dependent Sox11 expression may participate in the modulation of DG neuron plasticity.
The Predictive Value of Inflammation at Ileocecal Resection Margins for Postoperative Crohn’s Recurrence: A Cohort Study
Authors: Wasmann Karin A T G M , van Amesfoort Jojanneke , van Montfoort Maurits L , Koens Lianne , Bemelman Willem A , Buskens Christianne J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Resections for Crohn’s disease should be limited and only resect macroscopically affected bowel. However, recent studies suggest microscopic inflammation at resection margins as a predictor for postoperative recurrence. The clinical impact remains unclear, as non-uniform pathological criteria have been used. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of pathological characteristics at ileocecal resection margins for recurrence.

Methods
Both resection margins of 106 consecutive patients undergoing ileocecal resection for Crohn’s disease between 2002 and 2009 were revised and scored for active inflammation, myenteric plexitis, and granulomas. Pathological findings were correlated to recurrence, defined as recurrent disease activity demonstrated by endoscopy (modified Rutgeerts score ≥i2) requiring upscaling medical treatment, using multivariate analysis.

Results
Active inflammation was found at the proximal and distal resection margin in 27% and 15% of patients, respectively, myenteric plexitis in 37% and 32%, respectively, and granulomas in 4% and 6%, respectively. In total, 47 out of 106 patients developed recurrence. Only active inflammation at the distal colonic resection margin was an independent significant predictor for recurrence (88% vs 43% vs 51% for distal, proximal, and no involved margins, respectively; P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
Active inflammation at the distal colonic resection margin after ileocecal resection identifies a patient group at high risk for postoperative recurrence both at the anastomotic site and the colon because it identifies undiagnosed L3 disease. These patients have a different and more aggressive natural history and require more intense medical treatment. Therefore, pathological evaluation of the distal resection margin should be implemented in daily practice.
Development of prime–boost-type next-generation mucosal vaccines
Authors: Fujimoto Kosuke , Uematsu Satoshi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Our bodies are constantly exposed to a wide variety of pathogenic micro-organisms through mucosal sites. Therefore, effective vaccines that can protect at the mucosa are vital; however, only a few clinically established mucosal vaccines are available. Although conventional injectable vaccines can induce antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and prevent severe infection, it is difficult to efficiently inhibit the invasion of pathogens at mucosal surfaces because of the inadequate ability to induce antigen-specific IgA. Recently, we have developed a parenteral vaccine with emulsified curdlan and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and reported its application. Unlike other conventional injectable vaccines, this immunization contributes to the induction of antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses. Even if antigen-specific IgA at the mucosa disappears, this immunization can induce high-titer IgA after boosting with a small amount of antigen on the target mucosal surface. Indeed, vaccination with Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen effectively prevented lung infection induced by this bacterium. In addition, vaccination with Clostridium ramosum, which is a representative pathobiont associated with obesity and diabetes in humans, reduced obesity in mice colonized with this microorganism. This immunization approach might be an effective treatment for intestinal bacteria-mediated diseases that have been difficult to regulate so far, as well as common infectious diseases.
Individual training for farmers based on results from protein and ATP rapid tests and microbiological conventional cultural methods improves hygiene in pig fattening pens
Authors: Heinemann Céline , Meyer Isabell , Bögel Franziska T , Schmid Simone M , Hayer Jason J , Steinhoff-Wagner Julia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Optimal hygiene management is an essential part of maintaining a high standard of health in conventional pig production systems and for the successful interruption of infection chains. Currently, efficiency assessments on cleaning and disinfection are only performed by visual inspection or are neglected completely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the available methods for on farm monitoring of hygiene, identify critical points in pig pens and use the data obtained for training purposes. In addition to visual inspection by assessing the cleanliness, microbiological swab samples, i.e., aerobic total viable count (TVC), total coliform count, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing bacteria (ESBL), swab samples for ATP as well as protein residues and agar contact plates combined with 3 different culture media, were applied and ranked according to their suitability for livestock farming. Samples were collected on at least 15 critical points from one representative pen on 6 pig fattening farms with various hygiene management practices after cleaning and disinfection. After the first sampling, farmers were trained with their individual results, and sampling was repeated 6 mo after training. Nipple drinkers, feeding tubes (external and inner surface), and troughs (external and inner surface) showed the greatest bacterial loads (TVC: 4.5–6.7 log10 cfu cm-2) and values for ATP and protein residues; therefore, these surfaces could be identified as the most important critical points. Spearman rank correlations (P &lt; 0.01) were found between the different assessment methods, especially for the TVC and ATP (r = 0.82, P &lt; 0.001). For rapid assessment on farms, ATP tests represented an accurate and cost-efficient alternative to microbiological techniques. Training improved cleaning performance as indicated by a lower rating for visual inspection, TVC, ATP, MRSA, and ESBL in the second assessment. The monitoring of cleaning efficiency in pig pens followed by training of the staff constitutes a valuable strategy to limit the spread of infectious diseases and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Special attention should be paid to the sufficient hygiene of drinkers and feeders.
Introduction: Gender and Disability in the Two World Wars
Authors: Salvante Martina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This introduction explains the reasons behind this special issue, which is devoted to analyzing historically gendered experiences of war-related disability in post-conflict societies. It refers to a variety of multidisciplinary works on disability, gender, conflict, and transition theory to posit the special issue at the intersection of disability, gender, and war studies. It briefly describes the five articles composing the issue, while emphasizing their contribution to understanding the impact of the two world wars on the lives of men and women and on cultural ideas of masculinity and femininity in a variety of national and colonial contexts.
Primary Blast Lung Injury: The UK Military Experience
Authors: Scott Timothy E , Johnston Andrew M , Keene Damian D , Rana Meenal , Mahoney Peter F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Primary blast lung injury occurs when an explosive shock wave passes through the thorax and transits through tissues of varying densities. It requires close proximity to an explosion and presents quick with respiratory distress in survivors.

Materials and Methods
The Joint Theatre Trauma Registry and the Defence Statistics (Health) Database were interrogated for casualties injured as a result of an explosion during the conflict in Afghanistan. The case notes and imaging of casualties meeting the criteria for diagnosis were reviewed. Demographic and clinical data on casualties with primary blast lung injury were analyzed.

Results
848 blast-exposed casualties survived to discharge from intensive care, and 238 blast-exposed casualties were killed in action. Following exclusions, 111 case notes and all postmortem reports were reviewed in detail. About, 25 casualties had isolated primary blast lung injury (2.9% of casualties surviving to discharge from intensive care) and 31 nonsurvivors (13% of nonsurvivors) had the disease documented at postmortem. Severe cases of primary blast lung injury required an estimated average of 4.5 days of conventional mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions
8.1% of blast exposed casualties suffered primary blast lung injury. It was a less severe disease than other nontraumatic forms of acute lung injury and did not cause deaths once a casualty had reached a combat support hospital. It was well managed with a relatively brief period of conventional mechanical ventilation.
Traumatic Stress Among Children After Surgical Intervention for Congenital Melanocytic Nevi: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ben-Ari Amichai , Margalit Daniella , Nachshoni Liat , Benarroch Fortu 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND
Hospitalization and surgery are traumatic experiences that can result after traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Surgical interventions for congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) can be very stressful, but their potential for causing PTSS has not been studied. We aim to determine prospectively whether children undergoing surgery for CMN develop PTSS and what are the specific risk factors for such an event.

OBJECTIVE
The authors aim to determine prospectively whether children undergoing surgery for CMN develop PTSS and what the specific risk factors for such an event are.

METHODS
Thirty children who were consecutively hospitalized in a pediatric surgery ward for CMN removal during the study period were recruited voluntarily. About 4 months after discharge from the hospital, the children and their parents were assessed for psychological distress.

RESULTS
At the assessment 4 months after hospitalization, the children displayed a significant increase in symptoms of distress in comparison with baseline levels. Moreover, 33.3% met full post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic criteria. The number of invasive procedures, family resources, and parental distress predicted 40% of the variance in PTSS, with parental distress predicting it most significantly.

CONCLUSION
The high prevalence of PTSS among children undergoing CMN removal and among their parents emphasizes the importance of actions for prevention and early treatment of psychological distress.