bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive remediation therapy for patients with bipolar disorder: A randomised proof‐of‐concept trial
Authors: Strawbridge Rebecca , Tsapekos Dimosthenis , Hodsoll John , Mantingh Tim , Yalin Nefize , McCrone Paul , Boadu Janet , Macritchie Karine , Cella Matteo , Reeder Clare , Fish Jessica , Wykes Til , Young Allan H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesCognitive remediation therapy (CRT) may benefit people with bipolar disorder type I and II for whom cognitive impairment is a major contributor to disability. Extensive research has demonstrated CRT to improve cognition and psychosocial functioning in people with different diagnoses, but randomised trials of evidenced therapy programmes are lacking for bipolar disorders. The Cognitive Remediation in Bipolar (CRiB) study aimed to determine whether an established CRT programme is feasible and acceptable for people with bipolar disorders.MethodsThis proof‐of‐concept, single‐blind randomised trial recruited participants aged 18‐65 with bipolar disorder, not currently experiencing an episode. They were 1:1 block randomised to treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) with or without individual CRT for 12 weeks. The partly computerised CRT programme (“CIRCuiTS”) was therapist‐led and is evidence‐based from trials in those with psychotic illnesses. Data were collected and analysed by investigators blinded to group allocation. The main outcomes (week 13 and 25) examined participant retention, intervention feasibility and putative effects of CRT on cognitive and psychosocial functioning via intention‐to‐treat analyses. Trial registration: ISRCTN ID32290525.ResultsSixty participants were recruited (02/2016‐06/2018) and randomised to CRT (n = 29) or TAU (n = 31). Trial withdrawals were equivalent (CRT n = 2/29; TAU n = 5/31). CRT satisfaction indicated high acceptability. Intention‐to‐treat analyses (N = 60) demonstrated greater improvements for CRT‐ than TAU‐randomised participants: at both week 13 and 25, CIRCuiTS participants showed larger improvements in the following domains (week 25 effect sizes reported here): IQ (SES = 0.71, 95% CI [0.29,1.13]), working memory (SES = 0.70, 95% CI [0.31,1.10]), executive function (SES = 0.93, 95% CI [0.33,1.54]), psychosocial functioning (SES = 0.49, 95% CI [0.18,0.80]) and goal attainment (SES = 2.02, 95% CI [0.89,3.14]). No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionsCRT is feasible for individuals with bipolar disorders and may enhance cognition and functioning. The reported effect sizes from this proof‐of‐concept trial encourage further investigation in a definitive trial.
Wildlife collection for scientific purposes
Authors: Fukushima Caroline , West Rick , Pape Thomas , Penev Lyubomir , Schulman Leif , Cardoso Pedro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIllegal transfer of wildlife has 2 main purposes: trade and scientific research. Trade is the most common, whereas scientific research is much less common and unprofitable, yet still important. Biopiracy in science is often neglected despite that many researchers encounter it during their careers. The use of illegally acquired specimens is detected in different research fields, from scientists bioprospecting for new pharmacological substances, to taxonomists working on natural history collections, to researchers working in zoos, aquariums, and botanical gardens. The practice can be due to a lack of knowledge about the permit requirements in different countries or, probably most often, to the generally high level of bureaucracy associated with rule compliance. Significant regulatory filters to avoid biopiracy can be provided by different stakeholders. Natural history collection hosts should adopt strict codes of conduct; editors of scientific publications should require authors to declare that all studied specimens were acquired legally and to cite museum catalog numbers as guarantee of best practices. Scientific societies should actively encourage publication in peer‐reviewed journals of work in which specimens collected from the wild were used. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature could require newly designated types based on recently collected specimens to be accompanied by statements of deposition in recognized scientific or educational institutions. We also propose the creation of an online platform that gathers information about environmental regulations and permits required for scientific activities in different countries and respective responsible governmental agencies and the simplification of the bureaucracy related to regulating scientific activities. This would make regulations more agile and easier to comply with. The global biodiversity crisis means data need to be collected ever faster, but biopiracy is not the answer and undermines the credibility of science and researchers. It is critical to find a modus vivendi that promotes compliance with regulations and scientific progress.
Toward classifying small lung nodules with hyperparameter optimization of convolutional neural networks
Authors: Lima Lucas L. , Ferreira Junior José R. , Oliveira Marcelo C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmong all cancer‐related deaths, lung cancer leads all indicators, accounting for approximately 20% of all types. Patients diagnosed in the early stages have a 1‐year survival rate of 81% to 85%, while in an advanced stage have 15% to 19% chances of survival. The primary manifestation of this cancer is through pulmonary nodule on computed tomography images. In the early stages, it is a complex task even for experienced specialists and presents some challenges to classify these nodules in benign or malignant. So, to assist specialists, computer‐aided diagnosis systems have been used to improve the accuracy in the diagnosis. In this article, we explored and compared the use of random search, simulating annealing, and Tree‐of‐Parzen‐estimators algorithms of hyperparameter tuning to find the best architecture of a convolutional neural network to classify small pulmonary nodules in benign or malignant with a diameter of 5 to 10 mm. Our best model used result was the model using the simulating annealing algorithm and yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.95, the sensitivity of 82%, the specificity of 94%, and accuracy of 88% using a balanced data set of nodules. Therefore, our model is capable of classifying early lung nodules, where the patients have bigger chances of survival.
A Pooled Analysis of Three Randomized Phase I/IIa Clinical Trials Confirms Absence of a Clinically Relevant Effect on the QTc Interval by Umibecestat
Authors: Vormfelde Stefan Viktor , Pezous Nicole , Lefèvre Gilbert , Kolly Carine , Neumann Ulf , Jordaan Pierre , Ufer Mike , Legangneux Eric 
Published: June 2020

Umibecestat, an orally active β‐secretase inhibitor, reduces the production of amyloid beta‐peptide that accumulates in the brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The echocardiogram effects of umibecestat, on QTcF (Fridericia‐corrected QT), on PR and QRS and heart rate (HR), were estimated by concentration‐effect modeling. Three phase I/II studies with durations up to 3 months, with 372 healthy subjects over a wide age range, including both sexes and 2 ethnicities, were pooled, providing a large data set with good statistical power. No clinically relevant effect on QTcF, PR interval, QRS duration, or HR were observed up to supratherapeutic doses. The upper bound of 90% confidence intervals of the ∆QTcF was below the 10 ms threshold of regulatory concern for all concentrations measured. Prespecified sensitivity analysis confirmed the results in both sexes, in those over and below 60 years, and in Japanese subjects. All conclusions were endorsed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Early M‐Protein Dynamics Predicts Progression‐Free Survival in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Yan Xiaoyu , Xu Xu Steven , Weisel Katja C. , Mateos Maria‐Victoria , Sonneveld Pieter , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Usmani Saad Zafar , Bahlis Nizar J. , Puchalski Thomas , Ukropec Jon , Bellew Kevin , Ming Qi , Sun Steven , Zhou Honghui 
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to predict long‐term progression‐free survival (PFS) using early M‐protein dynamic measurements in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). The PFS was modeled based on dynamic M‐protein data from two phase III studies, POLLUX and CASTOR, which included 569 and 498 patients with relapsed/refractory MM, respectively. Both studies compared active controls (lenalidomide and dexamethasone, and bortezomib and dexamethasone, respectively) alone vs. in combination with daratumumab. Three M‐protein dynamic features from the longitudinal M‐protein data were evaluated up to different time cutoffs (1, 2, 3, and 6 months). The abilities of early M‐protein dynamic measurements to predict the PFS were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards survival models. Both univariate and multivariable analyses suggest that maximum reduction of M‐protein (i.e., depth of response) was the most predictive of PFS. Despite the statistical significance, the baseline covariates provided very limited predictive value regarding the treatment effect of daratumumab. However, M‐protein dynamic features obtained within the first 2 months reasonably predicted PFS and the associated treatment effect of daratumumab. Specifically, the areas under the time‐varying receiver operating characteristic curves for the model with the first 2 months of M‐protein dynamic data were ~ 0.8 and 0.85 for POLLUX and CASTOR, respectively. Early M‐protein data within the first 2 months can provide a prospective and reasonable prediction of future long‐term clinical benefit for patients with MM.
Disaster Financialization: Earthquakes, Cashflows and Shifting Household Economies in Nepal
Authors: Le Billon Philippe , Suji Manoj , Baniya Jeevan , Limbu Bina , Paudel Dinesh , Rankin Katharine , Rawal Nabin , Shneiderman Sara 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe political economy literature on post‐disaster reconstruction tends to contrast ‘disaster capitalism’ narratives denouncing the predatory character of neoliberal rebuilding, and ‘building back better’ policies supporting market‐driven reconstruction. This article seeks to provide a more nuanced account, developing the concept of ‘disaster financialization’ through a case study of household‐level changes experienced through processes of post‐earthquake reconstruction in Nepal. The concept of disaster financialization describes not only the integration of disaster‐affected households into the cash‐based logic of reconstruction instituted by donors and government authorities, but also the financialization of their lives, social relations and subjectivities. It is a transitive process involving a shift into financialized mechanisms of disaster prevention, adaptation and recovery. Analysing contrasting experiences across three earthquake‐affected districts in Nepal, this study proposes disaster financialization as an integrative term through which to understand the simultaneous acceleration of monetization, the leveraging of cash incentives by donors and government to ‘build back better’, and the flurry of financial transactions associated with reconstruction processes. While some aspects of disaster financialization have had negative social impacts, such as debt‐related anxieties and a breakdown of voluntary labour exchanges hurting the most vulnerable, the process has taken on variegated forms, with equally variegated effects, reflecting household characteristics and interactions with financial institutions.
Value of Inventory Pooling with Limited Demand Information and Risk Aversion*
Authors: Xue Weili , Ma Lijun , Liu Yanchu , Lin Meiyan 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIn this article, we study the value of inventory pooling for a risk‐averse firm who manages locations, when the demand information is limited in the sense that only the mean and the variance of the demand distribution are known. We employ the distributionally robust optimization framework and derive the optimal worst‐case inventory policies when the firm's utility is measured by Conditional Value‐at‐Risk (CVaR). We analyze the value of inventory pooling in terms of CVaR, total inventory, and utility loss due to demand uncertainty and safety stock, and study the effect of system parameters, i.e., risk‐averse level, correlation coefficient, and location number, on the value of inventory pooling. We first study the case when the selling prices are given. We show that inventory pooling always benefits the firm in terms of CVaR but such benefits are bounded above. However, inventory pooling does not always reduce total inventory, especially when the firm's risk‐averse level is high. In terms of utility loss due to demand uncertainty and safety stock, we show that when demands are independent, the relative benefits of inventory pooling are of order . Then, we analyze the case when the selling prices are endogenously determined. We find that similar results can be obtained, except that inventory pooling will always reduce total inventory in this case. Our results enrich the existing literature on the benefits from inventory pooling by incorporating risk‐averse attitude, limited demand information, and pricing decisions.
Toward law–gospel harmony in Lutheran theology and ethics
Authors: King John B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLutheran antipathy toward the law is harmful to Christian ethics. This antipathy arises from the false notion that law and gospel are opposed. However, the Lutheran Confessions show that law–gospel distinction does not necessarily imply law–gospel opposition. When law and gospel are properly defined, they interrelate harmoniously within a multiperspectival model of Christian ethics. Moreover, the third use of the law then emerges as the basic and primary use.
Breaking the Crystal Methamphetamine Economy: Illegal Drugs, Supply‐side Interventions and Crime Responses
Authors: d'Este Rocco 
Published: June 2020

This paper evaluates the effects on crime of supply‐side interventions that restricted access to pseudoephedrine‐based medications in the USA, drastically reducing the domestic production of methamphetamine. I find that these government interventions increased property and violent crime by around 3–4%, with criminogenic effects lasting for up to 7 months. Stronger evidence is detected in counties where laboratories producing methamphetamine were previously in operation. My findings suggest that policy interventions that have a limited effect on supply and no impact on the demand for drugs could open up the way to unwarranted crime responses. Timely policy implications are discussed.
Taxation, fiscal capacity, and credible commitment in eighteenth‐century China: the effects of the formalization and centralization of informal surtaxes†
Authors: Hao Yu , Liu Kevin Zhengcheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article explores a tax reform in eighteenth‐century China that formalized county‐level informal surtaxes and centralized control over them in the hands of provincial governors, in an effort to strengthen provincial fiscal capacity. The findings show that this reform increased the frequency of famine relief in cases of exceptional disaster relative to other weather conditions. The study shows that the effects were driven by the new fiscal revenues—public funds—at the governors’ discretion, not by the central government's relief actions, bureaucratic control over lower officials, or other concurrent fiscal reforms. Moreover, the reform facilitated intertemporal smoothing and inter‐regional risk sharing. However, the effects declined as soon as the central government broke its promise and began to appropriate provincial fiscal revenues. These findings not only provide evidence that fiscal centralization could enhance the provision of public goods in a premodern context, but also highlight that it was the lack of a credible commitment by the central government to the provincial governments that accounted for the short‐lived effects of the reform.
Environmental and social factors influencing wolf (Canis lupus) howling behavior
Authors: Ausband David E. , Bassing Sarah B. , Mitchell Michael S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnimals communicate in a variety of ways and calls are used for a number of important behaviors. Temperature, wind, time of day, and human activities can affect animals’ use of calls, particularly over long distances. Effects of group size on the use of calls can be particularly influential in territorial social carnivores. Where gray wolves (Canis lupus) are hunted by humans, for example, howling may make it easier for hunters to locate individuals and ultimately increase mortality. We hypothesized that a suite of factors would affect wolves’ responses to simulated howling. Specifically, we predicted that howling behavior would increase with (a) group size, (b) pup age, and (c) during crepuscular time periods and howling behavior would decrease (a) where wolves were harvested and (b) when it was hot or windy. Contrary to our prediction, larger groups did not respond as quickly to simulated wolf howls as smaller groups did and minimum and maximum daily temperatures were not good predictors of wolf howling response rates. Individuals in small litters of pups may have responded more quickly to howls than those in large litters because they are eager to seek safety from and have socialization with adults returning from foraging bouts. Although harvest did not appear to affect vocal communication by wolves, group size, pup age, time of day, wind, and number of howls emitted greatly affected wolves’ behavior and responses during howling surveys. Howling responses did not change because of harvest; response rates from wolves were nearly identical with (2.2%) and without (2.3%) harvest. The year‐round benefits of long‐distance vocal communication may outweigh the costs of increased mortality arising from howling during harvest season.
Review of the use of transrectal ultrasonography for evaluation of the caudal lumbar – including lumbosacral – intervertebral discs and symphyses: Normal and abnormal ultrasonographic appearance
Authors: Vautravers G. , Coudry V. , Denoix J.‐M. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryTransrectal ultrasonography of the lumbosacroiliac area is routinely performed for the diagnosis of the cause of low back pain and poor hindlimb impulsion and engagement. The ventral aspect of the caudal lumbar intervertebral discs and vertebrae can be easily assessed transrectally with ultrasound while other imaging modalities have limitations for diagnosis of intervertebral disc injuries. This paper is a review of the ultrasonographic procedure for imaging the ventral aspect of the caudal lumbar and lumbosacral symphyses, especially the intervertebral discs. Normal images, findings and lesions of the three caudalmost lumbar intervertebral discs are described (between the 4th lumbar and the 1st sacral vertebrae).
Secondary foundation species foster novel plant–animal interactions in the forest canopy: evidence from mistletoe
Authors: Zamora Regino , Lázaro‐González Alba , Hódar José A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Forest canopies provide the initial physical and biological framework to secondary, dependent species, such as parasitic plants. In a Mediterranean pine forest, we have taxonomically and functionally characterised the entire arthropod community that interacts with mistletoe during its flowering period.
We hypothesise that a secondary foundation species such as mistletoe enhances the arthropod diversity and abundance, fostering novel plant–animal interactions in the canopy. Our results clearly show contrasting guilds of herbivores (highly specialised) and floral visitors (highly generalist) with markedly different taxonomic and ecological profiles, the latter determining the fruit set of the mistletoe.
By acting as a secondary foundation species, mistletoe, during flowering, increases the diversity and abundance of newcomers in the pine canopy. New species attracted to the canopy include a specialised herbivore, Cacopsylla visci, and a diverse guild of floral visitors, including the orders Hymenoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera.
In conclusion, mistletoe creates conditions that support the co‐occurrence of functionally distinct organisms in the canopies, fostering pine forest biodiversity and complexity of ecological interactions.
Preregistration in infant research—A primer
Authors: Havron Naomi , Bergmann Christina , Tsuji Sho 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPreregistration, the act of specifying a research plan in advance, is becoming more common in scientific research. Infant researchers contend with unique problems that might make preregistration particularly challenging. Infants are a hard‐to‐reach population, usually yielding small sample sizes, they can only complete a limited number of trials, and they can be excluded based on hard‐to‐predict complications (e.g., parental interference, fussiness). In addition, as effects themselves potentially change with age and population, it is hard to calculate an a priori effect size. At the same time, these very factors make preregistration in infant studies a valuable tool. A priori examination of the planned study, including the hypotheses, sample size, and resulting statistical power, increases the credibility of single studies and adds value to the field. Preregistration might also improve explicit decision making to create better studies. We present an in‐depth discussion of the issues uniquely relevant to infant researchers, and ways to contend with them in preregistration and study planning. We provide recommendations to researchers interested in following current best practices.
Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator therapy to reduce sudden cardiac death in adults with congenital heart disease: A registry study
Authors: Slater Thomas A. , Cupido Blanche , Parry Helen , Drozd Michael , Blackburn Michael E. , Hares Dominic , Pepper Christopher B. , Birkitt Linda , Cullington Damien , Witte Klaus K. , Oliver James , English Kate M. , Sengupta Anshuman 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) population is rapidly expanding. However, a significant proportion of these patients suffer sudden cardiac death. Recommending implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) insertion requires balancing the need for appropriate therapy in malignant arrhythmia against the consequences of inappropriate therapy and procedural complications. Here we present long‐term follow‐up data for ICD insertion in patients with ACHD from a large Level 1 congenital cardiac center.Methods and ResultsAll patients with ACHD undergoing ICD insertion over an 18‐year period were identified. Data were extracted for baseline characteristics including demographics, initial diagnosis, ventricular function, relevant medication, and indication for ICD insertion. Details regarding device insertion were gathered along with follow‐up data including appropriate and inappropriate therapy and complications. A total of 136 ICDs were implanted during this period: 79 for primary and 57 for secondary prevention. The most common congenital cardiac conditions in both groups were tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries. Twenty‐two individuals in the primary prevention group received appropriate antitachycardia pacing (ATP), 14 underwent appropriate cardioversion, 17 received inappropriate ATP, and 15 received inappropriate cardioversion. In the secondary prevention group, 18 individuals received appropriate ATP, 8 underwent appropriate cardioversion, 8 received inappropriate ATP, and 7 were inappropriately cardioverted. Our data demonstrate low complication rates, particularly with leads without advisories.ConclusionICD insertion in the ACHD population involves a careful balance of the risks and benefits. Our data show a significant proportion of patients receiving appropriate therapy indicating that ICDs were inserted appropriately.