bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First-principles calculation on the structure stability, elastic properties and electronic structure of P-doped Mg2Si
Authors: Li Yingmin , Ma Tianyu , Ren Yuyan , Liu Tongyu , Zou Xue 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, the effect on the structure stability, elastic properties and electronic structure of P-doped Mg2Si were studied by the first-principles pseudopotential plane wave method based on density functional theory. The lattice constants, formation enthalpy, cohesive energy, elastic constants, and elastic moduli of Mg2Si, Mg7Si4P, Mg8Si3P and Mg8Si4P were calculated, and the electronic structure analysis was also performed. The occupation tendency, structural stability, bonding characteristics, orbital hybridization and the change of conductivity of doping P atoms in the matrix were further investigated. Among them, the research results of formation enthalpy, cohesive energy and elastic constant show that Mg2Si, Mg8Si3P and Mg8Si4P can all exist stably in the system, and the crystal structure of Mg7Si4P can not exist stably. P atoms doping into the Mg2Si lattice tend to occupy Si atoms position preferentially. The results of elastic modulus study show that Mg2Si and Mg8Si4P are brittle phase and Mg8Si3P is ductile phase. The plasticity and toughness of Mg2Si alloy system are improved by doping P atoms. The electronic structure analysis shows that the method of doping P atoms changes the orbital hybridization and bonding characteristics of the system. The Mg-P and Si-P covalent bond formed by Mg8Si3P and Mg8Si4P increase the structure stability. The energy band structure analysis also show reduction of the band gap from 0.224 to 0.184 eV for Mg2Si with P dopants at the substitutional Si-sites and the band gap closure in the system with interstitial P-impurities. It enhances the metallic property of the material, and Mg8Si4P phase also transform from its semiconducting to metallic state. Consequently, this method both increases the carrier concentration and reduces the energy of free electron transition. The conductivity of the Mg2Si alloy system will be improve.
Effect of mono-dopants (Mg2+) and co-dopants (Mg2+, Zr4+) on the dielectric, ferroelectric and optical properties of BaTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Mostari Mst Sharmin , Haque Md Jahidul , Rahman Ankur Sunbeam , Matin Md Abdul , Habib Ahsan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this work, BaTiO3, Ba(Mg0.01Ti0.99)O3, Ba(Mg0.015Ti0.985)O3, Ba(Mg0.02Ti0.98)O3 and Ba(Mg0.01Zr0.15Ti0.84)O3 ceramics have been prepared through conventional solid-state route to investigate the effects of Mg2+ and Zr4+ dopants as mono-substitution (only Mg2+) and co-substitution (Mg2+ and Zr4+) of B-site on the structural, electrical and optical properties of BaTiO3 ceramics. Exhibiting perovskite structure, Ba(Mg
x
Ti1−x)O3 ceramics revealed a decrement pattern of tetragonality with the increment of the concentration of MgO which was confirmed through Rietveld analysis. Morphological analysis of the sintered samples by scanning electron microscope showed a grain growth retardation phenomenon with Mg2+ addition. Releasing from this retardation process, Ba(Mg0.01Zr0.15Ti0.84)O3 showed a maximum dielectric constant of ∼1269.94 due to the enhanced domain wall motion and the confinement within the solubility limit of Mg2+. The ferroelectric characteristic of Ba(Mg
x
Ti1−x)O3 was sluggish due to the effects of grain size and its boundary. The optical band gap for BaTiO3 was found to be decreased from 3.55 eV to 3.06 eV with the addition Mg2+ content but for Ba(Mg0.01Zr0.15Ti0.84)O3, the value increased due to the Burstein-Moss effect. Again the FTIR analysis proved that no impurity phases were formed during the doping phenomenon, but in Ba(Mg
x
Ti1-x)O3 ceramics, a significant reduction of Ti-O bond strength was observed. However, BaTiO3, Ba(Mg0.01Ti0.99)O3, Ba(Mg0.015Ti0.985)O3 and Ba(Mg0.02Ti0.98)O3 ceramics had manifested P-E loop having lower remanent polarization and coercive field compared to Ba(Mg0.01Zr0.15Ti0.84)O3 ceramics with moderate electrical and optical properties. So, co-doping with Mg2+ and Zr4+ evidenced a favorable accession for the increment of the properties of BaTiO3 ceramics.
Experimental verification of multi-band metamaterial absorber with double structured layers
Authors: Yang Dong , Xia Yingqin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Microwave absorbers have been attracted much more attentions in both military and civil fields nowadays. In this paper, we present a multi-band metamaterial absorber with the excellent performances of wide-angle incidence and polarization insensitivity. The designed absorber is composed of two distinct metallic layers separated by a dielectric substrate. The simulated absorptions of the absorber are 92.9%, 92.5% and 98.5% at 5.92 GHz, 6.12 GHz and 8.54 GHz, respectively. The microwave experiments are performed to verify the simulations, and the measured results are in agreement with the simulations. Surface current distribution is illustrated to investigate the physics of absorption. We believe that the designed absorber has numerous potential applications in stealth, sensing, electromagnetic absorption and thermal detectors.
Electron extraction from excited quantum dots with higher order coulomb scattering
Authors: Kalaee Alex Arash Sand , Wacker Andreas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The electron kinetics in nanowire-based hot-carrier solar cells is studied, where both relaxation and extraction are considered concurrently. Our kinetics is formulated in the many-particle basis of the interacting system. Detailed comparison with simplified calculations based on product states shows that this includes the Coulomb interaction both in lowest and higher orders. While relaxation rates of 1 ps are obtained, if lowest order processes are available, timescales of tens of ps arise if these are not allowed for particular designs and initial conditions. Based on these calculations we quantify the second order effects and discuss the extraction efficiency, which remains low unless an energy filter by resonant tunnelling is applied.
Political Ideology and the Law Review Selection Process
Authors: Chilton Adam , Masur Jonathan , Rozema Kyle 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We investigate the role that political ideology plays in the selection process for articles in law reviews. To do so, we match data on the political ideology of student editors from 15 top law reviews from 1990 to 2005 to data on the political ideology of the authors of accepted articles. We find that law reviews with a higher share of conservative editors accept a higher share of articles written by conservative authors. We then investigate potential explanations for this pattern. One possibility is that editors have a preference for publishing articles written by authors that share their ideology. Another possibility is that editors are objectively better at assessing the contribution of articles written by authors that share their ideology. We find evidence that the latter explanation drives the relationship between editor and author ideology.
American Culture and the (Permanent, Global) Cold War (on Terror)
Authors: Vincent Jonathan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This review-essay considers recent scholarly work that, in contrast to our understanding of the Cold War’s demise 30 years ago, examines the lingering practices of permanent militarization that have nonetheless continued to flourish. Focusing especially on the cultural habits that normalize permanent war—a necessary supplement since the Cold War’s justifying logics no longer adhere—they together enlarge a picture of the dyadic or double-jointed projects of a transforming military–industrial complex occurring at all manner of points internationally as well as in a range of locales internal to US life, and in ways that are structurally linked. At the heart of that critique is disclosing the way that the adapting discourses of a liberalizing American state downplay and reframe the older, more overt rhetorics of colonialism and imperialism while nonetheless retaining similar expansionist and disciplinary goals. Using the literary and cultural record of those structural adaptations, they document how the twin arms of that coordinated state power worked relentlessly to manage “neocolonial” interventions across the globe, well into the “forever wars” of our own time, as well as, simultaneously, to interfere in and subdue the civil right movement or prosecute the War on Drugs domestically.
primirTSS: an R package for identifying cell-specific microRNA transcription start sites
Authors: Li Pumin , Xu Qi , Hua Xu , Xie Zhongwei , Li Jie , Wang Jin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Summary
The R/Bioconductor package primirTSS is a fast and convenient tool that allows implementation of the analytical method to identify transcription start sites of microRNAs by integrating ChIP-seq data of H3K4me3 and Pol II. It further ensures the precision by employing the conservation score and sequence features. The tool showed a good performance when using H3K4me3 or Pol II Chip-seq data alone as input, which brings convenience to applications where multiple datasets are hard to acquire. This flexible package is provided with both R-programming interfaces as well as graphical web interfaces.

Availability and implementation
primirTSS is available at: http://bioconductor.org/packages/primirTSS. The documentation of the package including an accompanying tutorial was deposited at: https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/vignettes/primirTSS/inst/doc/primirTSS.html.

Contact
jwang@nju.edu.cn

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Exploring high-dimensional biological data with sparse contrastive principal component analysis
Authors: Boileau Philippe , Hejazi Nima S , Dudoit Sandrine 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Statistical analyses of high-throughput sequencing data have re-shaped the biological sciences. In spite of myriad advances, recovering interpretable biological signal from data corrupted by technical noise remains a prevalent open problem. Several classes of procedures, among them classical dimensionality reduction techniques and others incorporating subject-matter knowledge, have provided effective advances. However, no procedure currently satisfies the dual objectives of recovering stable and relevant features simultaneously.

Results
Inspired by recent proposals for making use of control data in the removal of unwanted variation, we propose a variant of principal component analysis (PCA), sparse contrastive PCA that extracts sparse, stable, interpretable and relevant biological signal. The new methodology is compared to competing dimensionality reduction approaches through a simulation study and via analyses of several publicly available protein expression, microarray gene expression and single-cell transcriptome sequencing datasets.

Availability and implementation
A free and open-source software implementation of the methodology, the scPCA R package, is made available via the Bioconductor Project. Code for all analyses presented in this article is also available via GitHub.

Contact
philippe_boileau@berkeley.edu

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Robust partial reference-free cell composition estimation from tissue expression
Authors: Li Ziyi , Guo Zhenxing , Cheng Ying , Jin Peng , Wu Hao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Motivation
In the analysis of high-throughput omics data from tissue samples, estimating and accounting for cell composition have been recognized as important steps. High cost, intensive labor requirements and technical limitations hinder the cell composition quantification using cell-sorting or single-cell technologies. Computational methods for cell composition estimation are available, but they are either limited by the availability of a reference panel or suffer from low accuracy.

Results
We introduce TOols for the Analysis of heterogeneouS Tissues TOAST/-P and TOAST/+P, two partial reference-free algorithms for estimating cell composition of heterogeneous tissues based on their gene expression profiles. TOAST/-P and TOAST/+P incorporate additional biological information, including cell-type-specific markers and prior knowledge of compositions, in the estimation procedure. Extensive simulation studies and real data analyses demonstrate that the proposed methods provide more accurate and robust cell composition estimation than existing methods.

Availability and implementation
The proposed methods TOAST/-P and TOAST/+P are implemented as part of the R/Bioconductor package TOAST at https://bioconductor.org/packages/TOAST.

Contact
ziyi.li@emory.edu or hao.wu@emory.edu

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Prisoner Society in an Era of Psychoactive Substances, Organized Crime, New Drug Markets and Austerity
Authors: Gooch Kate , Treadwell James 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFramed by the limited and now dated ethnographic research on the prison drug economy, this article offers new theoretical and empirical insights into how drugs challenge the social order in prisons in England and Wales. It draws on significant original and rigorous ethnographic research to argue that the ‘era of hard drugs’ has been superseded by an ‘era of new psychoactive drugs’, redefining social relations, transforming the prison illicit economy, producing new forms of prison victimization and generating far greater economic power and status for suppliers. These changes represent the complex interplay and compounding effects of broader shifts in political economy, technological advances, organized crime, prison governance and the declining legitimacy and moral performance of English and Welsh prisons.
Relationship between cortical iron and tau aggregation in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Spotorno Nicola , Acosta-Cabronero Julio , Stomrud Erik , Lampinen Björn , Strandberg Olof T , van Westen Danielle , Hansson Oskar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the dysregulation of neuronal iron may play a critical role in Alzheimer’s disease. Recent MRI studies have established a relationship between iron accumulation and amyloid-β aggregation. The present study provides further insight demonstrating a relationship between iron and tau accumulation using magnetic resonance-based quantitative susceptibility mapping and tau-PET in n = 236 subjects with amyloid-β pathology (from the Swedish BioFINDER-2 study). Both voxel-wise and regional analyses showed a consistent association between differences in bulk magnetic susceptibility, which can be primarily ascribed to an increase in iron content, and tau-PET signal in regions known to be affected in Alzheimer’s disease. Subsequent analyses revealed that quantitative susceptibility specifically mediates the relationship between tau-PET and cortical atrophy measures, thus suggesting a modulatory effect of iron burden on the disease process. We also found evidence suggesting the relationship between quantitative susceptibility and tau-PET is stronger in younger participants (age ≤ 65). Together, these results provide in vivo evidence of an association between iron deposition and both tau aggregation and neurodegeneration, which help advance our understanding of the role of iron dysregulation in the Alzheimer’s disease aetiology.
Heterogeneity in Brain Microstructural Development Following Preterm Birth
Authors: Dimitrova Ralica , Pietsch Maximilian , Christiaens Daan , Ciarrusta Judit , Wolfers Thomas , Batalle Dafnis , Hughes Emer , Hutter Jana , Cordero-Grande Lucilio , Price Anthony N , Chew Andrew , Falconer Shona , Vecchiato Katy , Steinweg Johannes K , Carney Olivia , Rutherford Mary A , Tournier J-Donald , Counsell Serena J , Marquand Andre F , Rueckert Daniel , Hajnal Joseph V , McAlonan Grainne , Edwards A David , O’Muircheartaigh Jonathan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Preterm-born children are at increased risk of lifelong neurodevelopmental difficulties. Group-wise analyses of magnetic resonance imaging show many differences between preterm- and term-born infants but do not reliably predict neurocognitive prognosis for individual infants. This might be due to the unrecognized heterogeneity of cerebral injury within the preterm group. This study aimed to determine whether atypical brain microstructural development following preterm birth is significantly variable between infants. Using Gaussian process regression, a technique that allows a single-individual inference, we characterized typical variation of brain microstructure using maps of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity in a sample of 270 term-born neonates. Then, we compared 82 preterm infants to these normative values to identify brain regions with atypical microstructure and relate observed deviations to degree of prematurity and neurocognition at 18 months. Preterm infants showed strikingly heterogeneous deviations from typical development, with little spatial overlap between infants. Greater and more extensive deviations, captured by a whole brain atypicality index, were associated with more extreme prematurity and predicted poorer cognitive and language abilities at 18 months. Brain microstructural development after preterm birth is highly variable between individual infants. This poorly understood heterogeneity likely relates to both the etiology and prognosis of brain injury.
Antiretroviral Therapy and Detection of High-grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN2+) at Post-CIN Management Follow-up Among Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Atemnkeng Njika , Aji Abang Desmond , de Sanjose Silvia , Mayaud Philippe , Kelly Helen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
We evaluated the association of antiretroviral therapy (ART), CD4+ count and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) plasma viral load (PVL) on high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) detection at follow-up after CIN management among women living with HIV (WLHIV).

Methods
Medline, Embase, Global Health, and PubMed were searched from 1 January 1996 to 15 January 2020. Eligible studies investigated the association of ART, CD4+ count, or HIV PVL on histology-confirmed CIN2+ detection at follow-up. Summary estimates were obtained using random-effects meta-analyses; heterogeneity was examined using I2 statistic. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018115631.

Results
Eight studies representing 9 populations were identified, including 1452 WLHIV followed between 6 and 33 months post-CIN management. Pooled data from 8 populations (n = 1408) suggested weak evidence of a decreased risk of CIN2+ detection at follow-up among ART users compared to ART-naive women (crude odds ratio [cOR] = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .36–1.36; I2 = 64.5%, P = .006; adjusted risk ratio [aRR] from 3 studies = 0.66, 95% CI: .20–2.24; I2 = 78.7%, P = .009). A significant association was observed in high-income countries (cOR = 0.24, 95% CI: .13–.45; I2 = 0.0%, P = .77) but not in low and middle-income countries (cOR = 1.13, 95% CI: .67–1.92; I2 = 18.8%, P = .30).
In 3 populations, ART users with HIV PVL &lt;50 copies/ml were less likely to have CIN2+ detection at follow-up (vs ≥50 copies/mL: cOR = 0.55, 95% CI: .32–.94; I2 = 0.0%, P = .23).
There was weak evidence of decreased CIN2+ detection at follow-up among WLHIV with higher contemporary CD4+ cell counts (≥200 cells/µL vs &lt;200 cells/µL [cOR = 0.36, 95% CI: .04–3.13; I2 = 81.3%, P = .021]) and significant evidence among women with a higher nadir CD4+ count (≥350 cells/µl vs &lt;200 cells/µl [adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.35, 95% CI: .15–.84; I2 = 0%, P = .64]).

Conclusion
ART may reduce the risk of CIN2+ detection at follow-up; this effect is most likely enhanced by a combination of adequate HIV control and excisional CIN treatment. Our findings support recommendations of early ART and the integration of CIN2+ screening and management into HIV care.
Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Pregnancy in Females with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An International, Multi-centre Study
Authors: Laube Robyn , Yau Yunki , Selinger Christian P , Seow Cynthia H , Thomas Amanda , Wei Chuah Sai , Hilmi Ida , Mao Ren , Ong David , Ng Siew C , Chen Wei Shu , Banerjee Rupa , Ahuja Vineet , Alharbi Othman , Leong Rupert W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Poor knowledge of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] in pregnancy underlies unwarranted voluntary childlessness [VC], and risks poorer obstetric outcomes and adverse fetal outcomes. IBD is increasing worldwide but education on IBD issues might be heterogeneous based on cultural differences and variations in models of care.

Methods
Consecutive female IBD subjects aged 18–45 years were prospectively recruited from two dedicated IBD-pregnancy clinics, two multidisciplinary IBD clinics and nine general gastroenterology clinics. Subjects completed the validated CCPKnow [score 0–17] with questions on demographics, medical history and pregnancy knowledge. The primary outcome was knowledge per clinic-type and per geographical region.

Results
Surveys were completed by 717 subjects from 13 hospitals across ten countries. Dedicated IBD-pregnancy clinics had the highest knowledge, followed by multidisciplinary IBD clinics then general IBD clinics (median CCPKnow 10.0 [IQR: 8.0–11.0], 8.0 [IQR: 5.0–10.5] and 4.0 [IQR:2.0–6.0]; p &lt; 0.001). Median CCPKnow scores in Western, Asian and Middle Eastern clinics were 9.0, 5.0 and 3.0 respectively [p &lt; 0.001]. Dedicated IBD-pregnancy clinics, IBD support organization membership, childbearing after IBD diagnosis and employment independently predicted greater knowledge. Patient perception of disease severity [r = −0.18, p &lt; 0.01] and consideration of VC [r = −0.89, p = 0.031] negatively correlated with CCPKnow score. The overall VC rate was 15.0% [95% CI: 12.2–18.2]. VC subjects had significantly lower pregnancy-specific IBD knowledge than non-VC subjects (median CCPKnow 4.0 [IQR: 2.0–6.0] and 6.0 [IQR: 3.0–9.0] respectively; p &lt; 0.001). Pregnancy-specific IBD knowledge and dedicated IBD-pregnancy clinic attendance were significant negative predictors of VC.

Conclusions
In this large international study we identified predictors of pregnancy-specific IBD knowledge. Dedicated IBD-pregnancy clinics had the greatest IBD-related pregnancy knowledge and lowest VC rates, reflecting the benefits of pre-conception counselling.