bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clonal pattern dynamics in tumor: the concept of cancer stem cells
Authors: Olmeda Fabrizio , Ben Amar Martine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present a multiphase model for solid tumor initiation and progression focusing on the properties of cancer stem cells (CSC). CSCs are a small and singular cell sub-population having outstanding capacities: high proliferation rate, self-renewal and extreme therapy resistance. Our model takes all these factors into account under a recent perspective: the possibility of phenotype switching of differentiated cancer cells (DC) to the stem cell state, mediated by chemical activators. This plasticity of cancerous cells complicates the complete eradication of CSCs and the tumor suppression. The model in itself requires a sophisticated treatment of population dynamics driven by chemical factors. We analytically demonstrate that the rather important number of parameters, inherent to any biological complexity, is reduced to three pivotal quantities.Three fixed points guide the dynamics, and two of them may lead to an optimistic issue, predicting either a control of the cancerous cell population or a complete eradication. The space environment, critical for the tumor outcome, is introduced via a density formalism. Disordered patterns are obtained inside a stable growing contour driven by the CSC. Somewhat surprisingly, despite the patterning instability, the contour maintains its circular shape but ceases to grow for a typical size independently of segregation patterns or obstacles located inside.
Pig liver esterases PLE1 and PLE6: heterologous expression, hydrolysis of common antibiotics and pharmacological consequences
Authors: Zhou Qiongqiong , Xiao Qiling , Zhang Yongliang , Wang Xiliang , Xiao Yuncai , Shi Deshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCarboxylesterases, historically referred as non-specific esterases, are ubiquitous hydrolases with high catalytic efficiency. Without exceptions, all mammalian species studied contain multiple forms of carboxylesterases. While having been widely studied in humans and experimental animals, these enzymes remain to be characterized in farm animals. In this study, we showed that pig liver esterase 1 (PLE1) and pig liver esterase 6 (PLE6) were highly active toward amoxicillin (AMO) and ampicillin (AMP), two major antibiotics that are widely used in food-supplements. Mass-spectrometric analysis established that the hydrolysis occurred at the β-lactam amide bond and the hydrolysis drastically decreased or completely eliminated the antibacterial activity. Furthermore, hydrolytic activity and proteomic analysis suggested that trace PLEs existed in pig plasma and contributed little to the hydrolysis of AMO and AMP. These results suggested that carboxylesterases-based hydrolysis determines the therapeutic intensity of these and related antibiotics and the magnitude of the determination occurs in a species-dependent manner.
Discovery of Deep-Water Bamboo Coral Forest in the South China Sea
Authors: Li Jianru , Wang Pinxian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA deep-water coral forest, characterized by slender and whip-shaped bamboo corals has been discovered from water depths of 1200–1380 m at the western edge of the Xisha (Paracel Islands) area in the South China Sea. The bamboo corals are often accompanied by cold-water gorgonian “sea fan” corals: Anthogorgia sp. and Calyptrophora sp., as well as assemblages of sponges, cirrate octopuses, crinoids and other animals. The coral density increased toward the shallower areas from 24.8 to 220 colonies per 100 m2 from 1380 m to 1200 m water depth. This is the first set of observations of deep-water bamboo coral forests in Southeast Asia, opening a new frontier for systematic, ecological and conservation studies to understand the deep-coral ecosystem in the region.
Silencing of Neuropilins and GIPC1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma exerts multiple cellular and molecular antitumor effects
Authors: Borchardt Hannes , Schulz Alexander , Datta Kaustubh , Muders Michael H. , Aigner Achim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, with new treatment options urgently needed. Neuropilins-1/-2 (NRP1, NRP2) are receptors for semaphorins and angiogenic growth factors, while the GAIP interacting protein C-terminus 1 (GIPC1, aka Synectin) interacts with the neuropilins. They are overexpressed in PDAC and associated with poor survival as well as tumor-promoting activities. Thus, neuropilin and/or GIPC1 silencing may inhibit PDAC growth. In this study, we directly compare the various tumor-inhibitory effects of transient RNAi-mediated depletion of NRP1, NRP2 and GIPC1, alone or in combination, in a set of cell lines with different expression levels. Inhibition of anchorage-dependent and –independent proliferation, colony formation and cell migration, alterations of 3D-spheroid size and shape as well as retardation of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis have been analyzed and found to vary between cell lines. The observed effects are independent of initial expression levels. Knocking down NRP1, NRP2, and GIPC1 alone demonstrates significant effects. Only small additive effects upon combined knockdown and no counter-upregulation of the respective other genes could be detected. Making the study more translational, we show that systemic treatment of PDAC xenograft-bearing mice with polymeric nanoparticles for delivery of specific siRNAs results in tumor inhibition, reduces proliferation, and induces apoptosis. In conclusion, NRP and GIPC1 inhibition emerges as a promising avenue in PDAC treatment due to pleiotropic tumor-inhibitory effects.
Lipidomic signatures of aortic media from patients with atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic aneurysms
Authors: Saito Kosuke , Yagi Hiroaki , Maekawa Keiko , Nishigori Mitsuhiro , Ishikawa Masaki , Muto Sayaka , Osaki Tsukasa , Iba Yutaka , Minatoya Kenji , Ikeda Yoshihiko , Ishibashi-Ueda Hatsue , Ogino Hitoshi , Sasaki Hiroaki , Matsuda Hitoshi , Saito Yoshiro , Minamino Naoto 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAortic aneurysms are associated with fatal aortic rupture. Current therapeutic approaches are limited to implantation of aortic prostheses and stent-grafts; no effective drugs are available because the pathogenic mechanisms of aortic aneurysms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the initiation and progression of aortic aneurysm by lipidomics. We performed lipidomics analyses of lipids in the aortic media of normal, border, and aneurysm areas from patients with thoracic atherosclerotic aortic aneurysm (N = 30), thoracic nonatherosclerotic aortic aneurysm (N = 19), and abdominal atherosclerotic aortic aneurysm (N = 11) and from controls (N = 8) using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Significant alterations were observed in the lipid profiles of patients with atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms and to a lesser extent in those with nonatherosclerotic aneurysms. Increased triacylglycerols (TGs) and decreased ether-type phosphatidylethanolamines (ePEs) were observed throughout the normal, border, and aneurysm areas of thoracic and abdominal atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms. Prostaglandin D2 increased, but ePEs and TGs decreased in normal areas of thoracic atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms and thoracic nonatherosclerotic aortic aneurysms compared with the control tissues. These findings expand our knowledge of metabolic changes in aortic aneurysms and provide insights into the pathophysiology of aortic aneurysms.
High Thermal Stability Apatite Phosphors Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2:Dy3+/Sm3+ for White Light Emission: Synthesis, Structure, Luminescence Properties and Energy Transfer
Authors: Liu Ning , Mei Lefu , Liao Libing , Fu Jie , Yang Dan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhat ideal w-LED phosphors always aim to do is to achieve a single phase near-sunlight emission phosphor simultaneously with both high luminescence efficiency and high thermal stability at operation temperature. And It is well known that apatite compound phosphors are one of the most promising optical materials to realize those above because of their unique structure enhanced luminescence properties and thermal stability. Here, we synthesized a co-doped single phase apatite phosphors Ca2La8(SiO4)6O2:Dy3+/Sm3+ (CLSO:Dy3+/Sm3+) for white light emission, which was provided with excellent thermal stability and of which luminescence intensity at 150 °C still was 92 percentage of that at room temperature. Moreover, X-ray diffraction technique, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope were employed to characterization of phase structure and morphology, and consequently pure apatite structure and gravel-like morphology of phosphors were proved. Analysis of photoluminescence spectra indicated that concentration quenching effect exist in single-doped CLSO:Dy3+ phosphors owing to dipole-dipole interaction between Dy3+ ions. It is revealed that maybe exist Dy3+ ↔ Sm3+ bilateral non-radiative energy transfer processes in Dy3+/Sm3+ co-doped CLSO system by PL spectra and decay curves. And variation of Sm3+ ion concentration can control color emission, namely CIE chromaticity coordinates and correlated color temperature, finally to achieve white light emission (0.309,0.309) with CCT 6848 K, able to be a potential candidate for commercial lighting applications.
DNA amplification with in situ nucleoside to dNTP synthesis, using a single recombinant cell lysate of E. coli
Authors: Loan Thomas D. , Easton Christopher J. , Alissandratos Apostolos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNucleic acid amplification (NAA) is a cornerstone of modern molecular and synthetic biology. Routine application by non-specialists, however, is hampered by difficulties with storing and handling the requisite labile and expensive reagents, such as deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) and polymerases, and the complexity of protocols for their use. Here, a recombinant E. coli extract is reported that provides all the enzymes to support high-fidelity DNA amplification, and with labile dNTPs generated in situ from cheap and stable deoxynucleosides. Importantly, this is obtained from a single, engineered cell strain, through minimal processing, as a lysate capable of replacing the cold-stored commercial reagents in a typical PCR. This inexpensive preparation is highly active, as 1 L of bacterial culture is enough to supply ~106 NAA reactions. Lyophilized lysate can be used after a single-step reconstitution, resulting overall in a greatly simplified workflow and a promising synthetic biology tool, in particular for applications such as diagnostics.
Quasi-hydrostatic equation of state of silicon up to 1 megabar at ambient temperature
Authors: Anzellini Simone , Wharmby Michael T. , Miozzi Francesca , Kleppe Annette , Daisenberger Dominik , Wilhelm Heribert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe isothermal equation of state of silicon has been determined by synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments up to 105.2 GPa at room temperature using diamond anvil cells. A He-pressure medium was used to minimize the effect of uniaxial stress on the sample volume and ruby, gold and tungsten pressure gauges were used. Seven different phases of silicon have been observed along the experimental conditions covered in the present study.
Using high-throughput sequencing to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of α-mangostin
Authors: Yin Peng , Zou Wenshu , Li Jiandong , Jin Na , Gao Qian , Liu Fenghua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes an inflammatory response, and α-mangostin (α-MG) is an ingredient of a Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the mechanism by which α-MG reduces LPS-stimulated IEC-6 cells inflammation. A genome-wide examination of control, LPS-stimulated, and α-MG-pretreated cells was performed with the Illumina Hiseq sequencing platform, and gene expression was verified with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Among the 37,199 genes profiled, 2014 genes were regulated in the LPS group, and 475 genes were regulated in the α-MG group. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that they were mainly related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Based on the transcriptomic results, we constructed a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with LPS and investigated the effects of α-MG on NLRP3 inflammasomes. After LPS stimulation, the rat intestinal villi were significantly detached, with congestion and hemorrhage; the intestinal epithelial cell nuclei were deformed; and the mitochondria were swollen. However, after pretreatment with α-MG, the intestinal villus congestion and hemorrhage were reduced, the epithelial nuclei were rounded, and the mitochondrial morphology was intact. qPCR and western blotting were used to detect NLRP3, caspase 1, interleukin (IL)-18, and IL-1β expression at the gene and protein levels. Their expression increased at both the transcript and protein levels after LPS stimulation, whereas it decreased after pretreatment with α-MG. This study provides new methods and ideas for the treatment of inflammation. α-MG may have utility as a drug for intestinal inflammation.
Rapid Effect of Nitrogen Supply for Soybean at the Beginning Flowering Stage on Biomass and Sucrose Metabolism
Authors: Zhou Hongli , Yao Xingdong , Zhao Qiang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Bo , Xie Futi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNitrogen application at the beginning flowering stage (R1 stage) increased the soybean grain yield, however, the rapid effect of enriched nitrogen at R1 growth stage on soybean dry matter accumulation and sugar metabolism is still unclear. Continuous high nitrogen (CHN), Continuous low nitrogen (CLN), Enriched nitrogen supply at R1 stage (ENS) treatments were applied on two soybean cultivars (Liaodou11, Liaodou14), to investigate the effect of enriched nitrogen on plant biomass accumulation and sucrose metabolism. After 12 h of ENS treatment, the root/shoot rate of both cultivars were lower than that of CLN, but at 24 h it was no significant difference between ENS and CLN. Enriched N at R1 stage, soybean kept a balance of sucrose synthesis and decomposition in leaf by affecting sucrose synthetase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities. Under N limitation condition the plant dry matter accumulation supported root growth priority. Enriched N at R1 stage resulted in the rapid shoot biomass accumulation. In high yield cultivar, the shoot growth was priority to root growth, the common yield cultivar was on the contrary. Our result suggest that enrich N at R1 stage resulted in the accumulation of biomass in shoot rapidly.
Fiber optic sensor based on ZnO nanowires decorated by Au nanoparticles for improved plasmonic biosensor
Authors: Kim Hyeong-Min , Park Jae-Hyoung , Lee Seung-Ki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFiber-optic-based localized surface plasmon resonance (FO-LSPR) sensors with three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures have been developed. These sensors were fabricated using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for highly sensitive plasmonic biosensing. The main achievements in the development of the biosensors include: (1) an extended sensing area, (2) light trapping effect by nanowires, and (3) a simple optical system based on an optical fiber. The 3D nanostructure was fabricated by growing the ZnO nanowires on the cross-section of optical fibers using hydrothermal synthesis and via immobilization of AuNPs on the nanowires. The proposed sensor outputted a linear response according to refractive index changes. The 3D FO-LSPR sensor exhibited an enhanced localized surface plasmon resonance response of 171% for bulk refractive index changes when compared to the two-dimensional (2D) FO-LSPR sensors where the AuNPs are fixed on optical fiber as a monolayer. In addition, the prostate-specific antigen known as a useful biomarker to diagnose prostate cancer was measured with various concentrations in 2D and 3D FO-LSPR sensors, and the limits of detection (LODs) were 2.06 and 0.51 pg/ml, respectively. When compared to the 2D nanostructure, the LOD of the sensor with 3D nanostructure was increased by 404%.
Antimicrobial Efficacy Assessment of Human Derived Composite Amnion-Chorion Membrane
Authors: Palanker Nathan D. , Lee Chun-Teh , Weltman Robin L. , Tribble Gena D. , van der Hoeven Ransome , Hong Jianming , Wang Bingyan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHuman derived composite amnion-chorion membrane (ACM) has been used to facilitate wound healing due to reported anti-inflammatory properties and promotion of cell proliferation. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial properties of the ACM using novel methods to visualize the antimicrobial efficacy of membranes in situ at different time points. Porcine Pericardium Collagen Membranes (PPCM) served as membrane controls. Circular pieces of the membranes were used in three different assays: insert, agar contact and glass-bottom well assays. Streptococcus gordonii were spotted onto the membranes and the plates were subsequently centrifuged to ensure direct bacterial contact with the membranes in the insert and agar contact assays, thus better mimicking bacterial adherence in the oral cavity. After incubation at 37 °C for 8, 24, and 48 hours, the membranes were dyed with the Live/Dead BacLight Bacterial Viability fluorescence stain and analyzed via confocal microscopy. The results demonstrated that the ACM completely inhibited bacterial growth at all time points, whereas the PPCM did not demonstrate any antimicrobial properties. Within the limits of this study, the ACM showed extremely high antimicrobial efficacy against oral streptococci. In addition, our methods may be useful in assessing antimicrobial properties for biomaterials with minimum diffusion ability, when traditional assessment methods are not applicable.
High plasma level of S100A8/S100A9 and S100A12 at admission indicates a higher risk of death in septic shock patients
Authors: Dubois Christelle , Marcé Dominique , Faivre Valérie , Lukaszewicz Anne-Claire , Junot Christophe , Fenaille François , Simon Stéphanie , Becher François , Morel Nathalie , Payen Didier 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBiomarkers in sepsis for severity, prediction of outcome or reversibility of organ dysfunction are warranted. Measurements of plasma DAMP levels at admission can reflect the severity of cellular damage in septic shock, which might predict the prognosis and reduce the risk of overtreating patients with costly therapies. We measured plasma levels of two DAMPs, S100A8/S100A9 and S100A12 during the first 24 h of admission of septic shock patients. Forty-nine septic shock patients with a similar SOFA scores were selected from our sepsis database to compare a similar proportion of survivors and non-survivors. Plasma levels of S100A8/S100A9 and S100A12 were compared with healthy volunteers using in-house ELISA. Plasma levels of S100A8/S100A9 and S100A12 (5.71 [2.60–13.63] µg/mL and 0.48 [0.22–1.05] µg/mL) were higher in septic shock patients than in healthy volunteers (1.18 [0.74–1.93] µg/mL and 0.09 [0.02–0.39] µg/mL) (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0030). Levels of S100A8/S100A9 and S100A12 in non-survivors at day 28 (11.70 [2.85–24.36] µg/mL and 0.62 [0.30–1.64] µg/mL) were significantly higher than in survivors (4.59 [2.16–7.47] µg/mL and 0.30 [0.20–0.49] µg/mL) (P = 0.0420 and P = 0.0248) and correlated well (Spearman r = 0.879, P < 0.0001). The high level of plasma calgranulins at admission in septic shock, were higher in non-survivors compared to survivors. These markers could indicate a higher risk of death when SOFA scores are similar and help the stratification of patients for improved care and therapy selection.
Atypical Social Rank Recognition in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ogawa Shino , Iriguchi Mayuko , Lee Young-A , Yoshikawa Sakiko , Goto Yukiori 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSocial animals, including humans, structure social groups where social hierarchy exists. Recognizing social rank of other group members is a crucial ability to subsist in such environments. Here we show preliminary evidence with a relatively small number of samples that children with autism spectrum disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder involving social dysfunction, exhibit atypical, and more robust recognition of social rank than normal children, which may be developed to compensate deficits of the neural systems processing social information.
Spectral influence analysis on sunshine duration measurement
Authors: Chong Wei , Lyu Wenhua , Bian Zeqiang , Ding Lei , Li Songkui , Zeng Tao 
Published: October 2019

Sunshine duration is an important variable in surface meteorological measurement. In this article, two methods for measuring sunshine duration are described, one is photovoltaic‐based instrument, which ranges from 400 to 1100 nm, and the other is thermopile‐based pyrheliometer, which ranges from 300 to 3000 nm. Due to the spectrum is more representative and accuracy for solar radiation, the pyrheliometer is recommended as the reference sensor for the detection of the threshold irradiance for defining the sunshine duration. The comparison between the photovoltaic‐ and thermopile‐based instruments is carried out to uncover the spectral influence on sunshine duration measurement, analysis by the SMARTS tool is presented to calculate irradiance with different spectral ranges under different altitudes.
Die iatrogene Duraverletzung/Liquorfistel
Authors: Rickert Marcus , Rauschmann Michael 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Duraverletzung mit daraus resultierendem Verlust von Liquor cerebrospinalis ist eine der häufigsten Komplikationen bei Operationen an der Wirbelsäule bzw. am Spinalkanal. Manche Autoren sehen die Verletzung der Dura sogar als die häufigste Komplikation in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie an. Zur Versorgung von Verletzungen der Rückenmarkshaut stehen zahlreiche erfolgversprechende Strategien und Therapieansätze zur Verfügung, dennoch gibt es bisher keine einheitlichen Richtlinien. Gute klinische Ergebnisse können mit der primären „wasserdichten“ Duranaht erzielt werden, weshalb diese auch angestrebt werden sollte. Ein der Defektgröße angepasstes intraoperatives Management zum Duraverschluss kann helfen einen persistierenden Liquorverlust und Revisionsoperationen zu vermeiden. Dennoch lässt der aktuelle Konsens in der Literatur Spielraum für individuelle Therapiemöglichkeiten und Behandlungskonzepte.
Pankreopriver Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Siegel Erhard 
Published: October 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIm Alltag wird der pankreoprive Diabetes (Typ-3c-Diabetes) unterschätzt und oft als Typ-2-Diabetes fehldiagnostiziert. In Anbetracht der unterschiedlichen Verlaufsform und damit einhergehenden therapeutischen Möglichkeiten beim pankreopriven Diabetes im Vergleich zu einem Typ-2-Diabetes ist eine korrekte Diagnosestellung von großer Bedeutung. Die Therapie einer potenziell vorliegenden exokrinen Pankreasinsuffizienz bessert beispielsweise meist auch die endokrine Pankreasfunktion. Nach einer akuten und chronischen Pankreatitis besteht ein signifikantes Risiko, eine endo- und/ oder exokrine Pankreasinsuffizienz zu entwickeln. Ein Diabetes mellitus ist zudem mit einem erhöhten Risiko für ein Pankreaskarzinom assoziiert, wobei die Frage der Kausalität bislang nicht geklärt werden konnte. Ein neu aufgetretener Diabetes mit hoher Insulinresistenz vor allem im mittleren Lebensalter definiert eine Hochrisikogruppe für Pankreaskarzinome. Die häufigste Komorbidität der zystischen Fibrose ist eine exokrine und endokrine Pankreasinsuffizienz mit der Entwicklung eines Diabetes, sodass auch deren Organkomplikation durch das Erreichen eines immer höheren Lebensalters behandelt werden müssen. Um das Ziel einer stabilen Stoffwechsellage zu erreichen, müssen Enzymsubstitution, Blutzuckerselbstkontrolle, die Berechnung kohlenhydrathaltiger Lebensmittel und die oralen Antidiabetika bzw. Insulingabe optimal aufeinander abgestimmt werden.