bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of acquired HIV-1 drug resistance mutations and predictors of virological failure in Moshi, northern Tanzania
Authors: Mziray Shabani Ramadhani , Kumburu Happiness H , Assey Hellen B , Sonda Tolbert B , Mahande Michael J , Msuya Sia E , Kiwelu Ireen E 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDrug resistance is a public health concern. Profiles of HIV drug resistance mutations (HIVDRM) and virological failure (VF) are not extensively studied in Tanzania. This study aimed to determine HIVDRM and predictors of VF in HIV-infected individuals failing first-line HIV drugs in Moshi, northern Tanzania. A case-control study was conducted at KCMC, Mawenzi, Pasua and Majengo health facilities with HIV-care and treatment clinics in Moshi from October, 2017 to August, 2018. Cases and controls were HIV-infected individuals with VF and viral suppression (VS) respectively. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease genes were amplified and sequenced. Stanford University’s HIV drug resistance database and REGA HIV-1 Subtyping tool 3.0 determined HIVDRM and HIV-1 subtypes respectively. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals investigated predictors of VF. P-value <5% was considered statistically significant. A total of 124 participants were recruited, of whom 63 (50.8%) had VF and 61 (49.2%) had VS. Majority (66.1%) were females. Median [IQR] age and duration on ART were 45 [35-52] years and 72 [48-104] months respectively. Twenty five out of 26 selected HIV-1 RNA samples from cases were successively sequenced. Twenty four samples (96%) had at least one major mutation conferring resistance to HIV drugs, with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) associated mutations as the majority (92%). Frequent NNRTI resistance mutations were K103N (n=11), V106M (n=5) and G190A (n=5). Prevalent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors mutations were M184V (n=17), K70R (n=7) and D67N (n=6). Dual-class resistance was observed in 16 (64%) samples. Thirteen samples (52%) had at least one thymidine analogue-associated resistance mutation (TAM). Three samples (12%) had T69D mutation with at least 1 TAM. Age was independently associated with VF [aOR 0.94 (0.90-0.97) p<0.001]. In conclusion, HIV drug resistance is common among people failing antiretroviral therapy and resistance testing will help to guide switching of HIV drugs.
Elucidating the differences in the molecular mechanism of receptor binding between 2019-nCoV and the SARS-CoV viruses using computational tools
Authors: Lai Hien T. T. , Nguyen Ly H. , Kranjc Agata , Nguyen Toan T. , Nguyen-Manh Duc 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe outbreak of the 2019-nCoV coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome which can be fatal, especially in elderly population, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Many biotechnology laboratories are rushing to develop therapeutic antibodies and antiviral drugs for treatment of this viral disease. The viral CoV spike (S) glycoprotein is one of the main targets for pharmacological intervention. Its receptor-binding domain (RBD) interacts with the human ACE2 receptor ensuring the entry of the viral genomes into the host cell. In this work, we report on the differences in the binding of the RBD of the previous coronavirus SARS-CoV and of the newer 2019-nCoV coronavirus to the human ACE2 receptor using atomistic molecular dynamics techniques. Our results show major mutations in the 2019-nCoV RBD with respect to the SARS-CoV RBD occurring at the interface of RBD-ACE2 complex. These mutations make the 2019-nCoV RBD protein backbone much more flexible, hydrophobic interactions are reduced and additional polar/charged residues appear at the interface. We observe that higher flexibility of the 2019-nCoV RBD with respect to the SARS-CoV RBD leads to a bigger binding interface between the 2019-nCoV RBD and ACE2 and to about 20% more contacts between them in comparison with SARS-CoV. Taken together, the 2019-nCoV RBD shows more stable binding interface and higher binding affinity for the ACE2 receptor. The mutations not only stabilize the binding interface, they also lead to overall more stable 2019-nCoV RBD protein structure, even far from the binding interface. Our results on the molecular differences in the binding between the two viruses can provide important inputs for development of appropriate antiviral treatments of the new viruses, addressing the necessity of ongoing pandemics.
Distributed implementation of Boolean functions by transcriptional synthetic circuits
Authors: Al-Radhawi M. Ali , Tran Anh Phong , Ernst Elizabeth A. , Chen Tianchi , Voigt Christopher A. , Sontag Eduardo D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStarting in the early 2000s, a sophisticated technology has been developed for the rational construction of synthetic genetic networks that implement specified logical functionalities. Despite impressive progress, however, the scaling necessary in order to achieve greater computational power has been hampered by many constraints, including repressor toxicity and the lack of large sets of mutually-orthogonal repressors. As a consequence, a typical circuit contains no more than roughly seven repressor-based gates per cell. A possible way around this scalability problem is to distribute the computation among multiple cell types, which communicate among themselves using diffusible small molecules (DSMs) and each of which implements a small sub-circuit. Examples of DSMs are those employed by quorum sensing systems in bacteria. This paper focuses on systematic ways to implement this distributed approach, in the context of the evaluation of arbitrary Boolean functions.The unique characteristics of genetic circuits and the properties of DSMs require the development of new Boolean synthesis methods, distinct from those classically used in electronic circuit design. In this work, we propose a fast algorithm to synthesize distributed realizations for any Boolean function, under constraints on the number of gates per cell and the number of orthogonal DSMs. The method is based on an exact synthesis algorithm to find the minimal circuit per cell, which in turn allows us to build an extensive database of Boolean functions up to a given number of inputs.For concreteness, we will specifically focus on circuits of up to 4 inputs, which might represent, for example, two chemical inducers and two light inputs at different frequencies. Our method shows that, with a constraint of no more than seven gates per cell, the use of a single DSM increases the total number of realizable circuits by at least 7.58-fold compared to centralized computation. Moreover, when allowing two DSM’s, one can realize 99.995% of all possible 4-input Boolean functions, still with at most 7 gates per cell. The methodology introduced here can be readily adapted to complement recent genetic circuit design automation software.
Redundant cytokine requirement for intestinal microbiota-induced Th17 cell differentiation in draining lymph nodes
Authors: Sano Teruyuki , Kageyama Takahiro , Fang Victoria , Kedmi Ranit , Talbot Jhimmy , Chen Alessandra , Kurakake Reina , Yang Yi , Ng Charles , Schwab Susan R. , Littman Dan R. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryDifferentiation of intestinal T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which contribute to mucosal barrier protection from invasive pathogens, is dependent on colonization with distinct commensal bacteria. Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are sufficient to support Th17 cell differentiation in mouse, but the molecular and cellular requirements for this process remain incompletely characterized. Here we show that intestine-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) are the dominant site of SFB-induced intestinal Th17 cell differentiation. Subsequent migration of these cells to the intestinal lamina propria is dependent on their up-regulation of integrin β7. Stat3-dependent induction of RORγt, the Th17 cell-specifying transcription factor, largely depends on IL-6, but signaling through the receptors for IL-21 and IL-23 can compensate for absence of IL-6 to promote SFB-directed Th17 cell differentiation. These results indicate that redundant cytokine signals guide commensal microbe-dependent Th17 cell differentiation in the MLN and accumulation of the cells in the lamina propria.
An integrated process-based approach to intellectual capital management
Authors: Lentjušenkova Oksana , Lapiņa Inga 
Published: April 2020

PurposeNowadays, the aspects of the intellectual capital (IC) management have become important, valuing it as an integral part of the organisation. Researchers emphasise the strategic importance of IC management, particularly in the context of satisfying the stakeholders' interests and value creation. However, the existing studies reflect individual elements of IC management, not analysing them as a system which is a part of the organisational management system, and hence it is impossible to draw valid conclusions on the impact of IC on the organisation's performance. The aim of the paper is to describe an approach to the elaboration of the IC management strategy and its integration into the organisation's management system.Design/methodology/approachThe developed approach is based on a holistic and systemic view of the organisation, where IC management is integrated into the organisation's management . This approach is based on the structure of IC developed by Lentjušenkova and Lapina (2016). In this structure, business processes are the IC component that unites the other three ones – human capital, technologies and intangible assets. The study has used induction and deduction, as well as analytical and synthetic qualitative research methods, including logical constructive and conceptual (concept) analysis.FindingsElaborating the organisational strategy by taking into account the stakeholder interests, the organisation is able to ensure sustainable development. Using the integrated management approach, IC management is integrated into the organisation's activities and joint operational strategy. In this case, IC management becomes an integral part of the organisation's activities functioning in conjunction with the other organisation's systems, and it is integrated into all ongoing business processes.Research limitations/implicationsThe approach the authors have proposed to IC management could be adapted by small and medium-sized companies. Using it, companies do not need to create special functional units or division, because IC becomes an integral part of organisation's processes.Originality/valueIn previous studies, business processes were considered as one of the components of IC. In the study’s approach, business processes imply integration of IC into the overall organisation management system. As a framework for the proposed approach, the authors have used the Deming cycle “Plan-Do-Check-Act” that envisages dividing the development and implementation of the IC management and development strategy into four phases, with a clear allocation of tasks and a defined outcome for each individual phase. To use this approach, it is enough for organisations to conduct an analysis of processes and, depending on the strategic goals of the organisation, make additions related to managing IC.
Consumers' brand decision: a matter of social risk
Authors: Loebnitz Natascha , Zielke Stephan , Grunert Klaus G. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of social risk and inter-tier brand competition across traditional retailers and discounters on consumers' purchase intentions in the UK.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct a 2 (social risk) × 3 (brand type) × 2 (retailer type) between-subjects design (n = 309; UK) experiment employing a Qualtrics online panel in the UK.FindingsThe study shows that while premium private labels (PPLs) are on par with national brands, discounter's PPLs outperform mainstream retailer's PPLs. Furthermore, consumers appear to purchase standard private labels and PPLs for themselves when shopping at a discounter but turn to national brands when shopping for socially risky situations.Research limitations/implicationsWhile Tesco's premium (Tesco Finest*) and standard private label (Tesco Everyday Value) explicitly make reference to the retailer's name, for Lidl's premium (Deluxe) and standard private label (e.g. Milbona), the discounter's name is not visible. This is something this study did not control for.Practical implicationsGiven that Lidl has opened its first US store in 2017 with ambitious expansion plans, our findings provide in particular practical guidelines for how to promote PPLs in countries where the discounter landscape is less saturated than in Germany.Originality/valueThis study provides insights into the understanding of the influence of social risk on purchasing intentions of premium private labels vs standard private labels vs national brands offered by mainstream retailers or discounters in the UK.
Fast and ultra-fast fashion supply chain management: an exploratory research
Authors: Camargo Lucas Ramos , Pereira Susana Carla Farias , Scarpin Marcia Regina Santiago 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe aim of this study is to identify and analyse the main strategic differences between fast and ultra-fast fashion supply chain management.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a qualitative approach, using document analysis and in-depth interviews with industry specialists.FindingsUltra-fast fashion differs from fast in the following supply chain strategies: avoids any excess inventory, focuses on local manufacturing, on-demand production, and shorter lead times from a few days to a week with a combination of agile, lean, responsive supply chain strategies.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this research are due to the cut-off period and the use of a restricted sample. As implications, technological capabilities are underexplored in the fashion industry. Although important to the traditional and fast fashion industry, technology is viewed as a tool and not as a capability that can generate competitive advantage. This paper addresses technology as capabilities to make ultra-fast fashion retailers more competitive.Practical implicationsUltra-fast fashion could potentially impact current fast fashion retailers to partially move their business model and operations towards an ultra-fast approach. Fast fashion retailers desiring to speed up their production processes launch more weekly collections to cater to consumers who are more fashion-conscious.Originality/valueThere is a rapid emergence of new start-ups that are calling themselves ultra-fast. Newcomers wanting to adopt this new segment’s business model, develop technological capabilities to meet the challenges of this supercompetitive market.
Data-driven approach to find the best partner for merger and acquisitions in banking industry
Authors: Zhu Qingyuan , Li Xingchen , Li Feng , Amirteimoori Alireza 
Published: April 2020

PurposeMerger and acquisitions (M&A) is a process of restructuring two or more companies into one, a process that occurs frequently in many companies. Previous studies on M&A mainly paid attention to the potential gains from a merger, while ignored the problem of how to select the partners to merge. This paper aims to select the best partner from different candidates for a given company to merge.Design/methodology/approachEach company's historical data are used to identify each company's own production technology. With resources change, each company's new operation is restricted by its own production technology. Then, a 0–1 integer programming is proposed to select the best partner for M&A.FindingsThe banking industry involving 27 China's commercial banks is given to verify the applicability of our proposed model. The study shows the best partner selection for each bank company.Originality/valueOn the theoretical side, the study uses each company's own historical data to construct its own production technology to compressively reflect the production change after M&A. On the practical side, the study uses the proposed model to help the 27 commercial banks in China to select their best merger partner.
Do state governments have the right to kill civilians to defeat international terrorism? Views from US, Israel and South Africa
Authors: Shachat Michael , Hong Fang , Lin Yijing , Desivilya Helena Syna , Yassour-Borochowitz Dalit , Akhurst Jacqui , Leach Mark M. , Malley-Morrison Kathleen 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This study aim to examine the themes of moral disengagement (MD) and engagement in reasoning regarding a putative governmental right to kill innocent civilians when fighting terrorism.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 147 participants from Israel, 101 from the USA and 80 from South Africa provided quantitative rating scale responses and qualitative explanations about such a putative right. Qualitative responses were coded for presence or absence of indices of MD and engagement.

Findings
In ANOVAs by gender and country, men scored higher than women on rating scale scores indicating support for the right; there were no significant national differences on these scores. Chi-square analyses with the coded qualitative responses indicated more men than women gave morally disengaged responses, proportionately more South Africans than Israelis provided morally disengaged responses and proportionately more South Africans and Americans than Israelis provided morally engaged responses. Pearson correlation analyses indicated that MD was positively correlated with rating scale scores and moral engagement was negatively related to rating scale scores in all three countries.

Research limitations/implications
Regarding limitations, it is difficult to know how the omission of qualitative explanations of rating scale responses by many participants influenced the statistical findings – or how to interpret the more restricted level of qualitative responses in Israel and South Africa as compared to the USA.

Social implications
Programs designed to counteract MD have the potential for helping reduce support for war and its inhumanities across diverse nations.

Originality/value
This is the first study on MD to compare American, Israeli and South African perspectives on the justifiability of human rights violations in the war on terror. The findings go beyond earlier studies in finding gender differences in MD that occurred across three very different nations in three very different parts of the world.
Competition between human and artificial intellectual capital in production and distribution in Industry 4.0
Authors: Gashenko Irina V. , Khakhonova Natalia N. , Orobinskaya Irina V. , Zima Yulia S. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the research is to study the consequences of total (comprehensive) automatization of entrepreneurship for interested parties through the prism of competition human and artificial intellectual capital in production and distribution in Industry 4.0.Design/methodology/approachThe research is conducted with application of scenario analysis, regression analysis, imitation modeling, forecasting and non-linear multi-parametric optimization with the simplex method.FindingsThe authors perform scenario modeling of competition between human and artificial intellectual capital in production and distribution in Industry 4.0 and offer recommendations for pro-active management of competition between human and artificial intellectual capital in production and distribution in Industry 4.0.Originality/valueContrary to the existing approach to studying competition between human and artificial intellectual capital in Industry 4.0, automatization of distribution, not production, is most preferable. This shows increase of the value of human intellectual capital in distribution during its automatization based on AI. This is an unprecedented and breakthrough conclusion for the modern economic science. It allows creating a completely new direction of research of competition between human and artificial intellectual capital in production and distribution in Industry 4.0, in which optimization of social consequences is achieved not by means of restraint of automatization but by means of its stimulation. The key condition is stimulation of automatization of distribution with limited automatization of production. Based on this conclusion, it is recommended to continue research in continuation of the presented work.
Effects of app pricing structures on product evaluations
Authors: Wolkenfelt Marcus Renatus Johannes , Situmeang Frederik Bungaran Ishak 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the marketing literature and practice by examining the effect of product pricing on consumer behaviours with regard to the assertiveness and the sentiments expressed in their product reviews. In addition, the paper uses new data collection and machine learning tools that can also be extended for other research of online consumer reviewing behaviours.

Design/methodology/approach
Using web crawling techniques, a large data set was extracted from the Google Play Store. Following this, the authors created machine learning algorithms to identify topics from product reviews and to quantify assertiveness and sentiments from the review texts.

Findings
The results indicate that product pricing models affect consumer review sentiment, assertiveness and topics. Removing upfront payment obligations positively impacts the overall and pricing specific consumer sentiment and reduces assertiveness.

Research limitations/implications
The results reveal new effects of pricing models on the nature of consumer reviews of products and form a basis for future research. The study was conducted in the gaming category of the Google Play Store and the generalisability of the findings for other app segments or marketplaces should be further tested.

Originality/value
The findings can help companies that create digital products in choosing a pricing strategy for their apps. The paper is the first to investigate how pricing modes affect the nature of online reviews written by consumers.
A capacitive sensor using resin thermoplastic elastomer and carbon fibers for monitoring pressure distribution
Authors: Wu Guanzheng , Li Siming , Hu Jiayu , Dong Manchen , Dong Ke , Hou Xiuliang , Xiao Xueliang 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to study the working principle of the capacitive pressure sensor and explore the distribution of pressure acting on the surface of the capacitor. Herein, a kind of high sensitivity capacitive pressure sensor was prepared by overlaying carbon fibers (CFs) on the surfaces of the thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), the TPE with high elasticity is a dielectric elastomer for the sensor and the CFs with excellent electrical conductivity were designed as the conductor.

Design/methodology/approach
Due to the excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of CFs, it was designed as the conductor layer for the TPE/CFs capacitive pressure sensor via laminating CFs on the surfaces of the columnar TPE. Then, a ‘#' type structure of the capacitive pressure sensor was designed and fabricated.

Findings
The ‘#' type of capacitive pressure sensor of TPE/CFs composite was obtained in high sensitivity with a gauge factor of 2.77. Furthermore, the change of gauge factor values of the sensor under 10 per cent of applied strains was repeated for 1,000 cycles, indicating its outstanding sensing stability. Moreover, the ‘#' type capacitive pressure sensor of TPE/CFs was consisted of several capacitor arrays via laminating CFs, which could detect the distribution of pressure.

Research limitations/implications
The TPE/CFs capacitive pressure sensor was easily fabricated with high sensitivity and quick responsiveness, which is desirably applied in wearable electronics, robots, medical devices, etc.

Originality/value
The outcome of this study will help to fabricate capacitive pressure sensors with high sensitivity and outstanding sensing stability.