bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting the population dynamics of an autosomal sex ratio distorter transgene in malaria vector mosquitoes
Authors: Pollegioni Paola , North Ace R. , Persampieri Tania , Bucci Alessandro , Minuz Roxana L. , Groneberg David Alexander , Nolan Tony , Papathanos Philippos‐Aris , Crisanti Andrea , Müller Ruth 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

The development of genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes and their subsequent field release offers innovative and cost‐effective approaches to reduce mosquito‐borne diseases, such as malaria. A sex‐distorting autosomal transgene has been developed recently in G3 mosquitoes, a laboratory strain of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.l. The transgene expresses an endonuclease called I‐PpoI during spermatogenesis, which selectively cleaves the X chromosome to result in ~95% male progeny. Following the World Health Organization guidance framework for the testing of GM mosquitoes, we assessed the dynamics of this transgene in large cages using a joint experimental modelling approach.

We performed a 4‐month experiment in large, indoor cages to study the population genetics of the transgene. The cages were set up to mimic a simple tropical environment with a diurnal light‐cycle, constant temperature and constant humidity. We allowed the generations to overlap to engender a stable age structure in the populations. We constructed a model to mimic the experiments, and used the experimental data to infer the key model parameters.

We identified two fitness costs associated with the transgene. First, transgenic adult males have reduced fertility and, second, their female progeny have reduced pupal survival rates. Our results demonstrate that the transgene is likely to disappear in <3 years under our confined conditions. Model predictions suggest this will be true over a wide range of background population sizes and transgene introduction rates.

Synthesis and applications. Our study is in line with the World Health Organization guidance recommendations in regard to the development and testing of GM mosquitoes. Since the transgenic sex ratio distorter strain (Ag(PMB)1) has been considered for genetic vector control of malaria, we recorded the dynamics of this transgene in indoor‐large cage populations and modelled its post‐release persistence under different scenarios. We provide a demonstration of the self‐limiting nature of the transgene, and identified new fitness costs that will further reduce the longevity of the transgene after its release. Finally, our study has showcased an alternative and effective statistical method for characterizing the phenotypic expression of a transgene in an insect pest population.
Characteristics and preventability of obstetric intensive care unit admissions in Far North Queensland
Authors: Jayaratnam Skandarupan , Jacob‐Rodgers Sebastian , de Costa Caroline 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThe rarity of maternal deaths in developed countries has increased interest in auditing cases of severe maternal morbidity or maternal ‘near miss’. The assessment and preventability of cases of maternal ‘near misses’ are important in improving the provision of maternity care.AimsTo describe the epidemiology and determine aspects of preventability in care among women admitted to an obstetric intensive care unit (ICU) in Far North Queensland.Materials and MethodsA retrospective observational study of pregnant and postpartum patients admitted to the Cairns Hospital ICU between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017 was undertaken. Cases of severe maternal morbidity were identified using the World Health Organization (WHO) ‘near miss’ criteria and reviewed to determine reasons for admission to ICU and ascertain aspects of preventability in the care provided.ResultsSixty‐nine out of 12 081 (0.6%) women admitted for obstetric care were transferred to the ICU with 31 cases fulfilling WHO ‘near miss’ criteria. The most common direct obstetric‐related diagnosis for ICU admission was hypertensive disease of pregnancy and obstetric haemorrhage. Indirect obstetric causes contributed to approximately 40% of ICU admissions. Among the 31 cases of WHO ‘near miss’, ten cases were deemed preventable with the most common reason for preventability related to lack of recognition of high‐risk clinical status.ConclusionMaternal ‘near miss’ and rates of obstetric admission to the ICU at Cairns Hospital are reassuringly low. Nevertheless, one‐third of women with ‘near miss’ required improvements in the provision of care, emphasising the need for continued audit and improvement of clinical practice.
Is anticoagulation with bivalirudin comparable to heparin for pediatric extracorporeal life support? Results from a high‐volume center
Authors: Schill Matthew R. , Douds Matthew T. , Burns Emily L. , Lahart Michael A. , Said Ahmed S. , Abarbanell Aaron M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is a paucity of data regarding the use of direct thrombin inhibitors such as bivalirudin for children on extracorporeal life support (ECLS). We sought to compare the outcomes of children on ECLS anticoagulated with bivalirudin versus heparin. Patients transitioned from heparin to bivalirudin were treated as a separate group. A single‐institution, retrospective review of all consecutive children (neonate to 18 years) placed on ECLS in the cardiac or pediatric intensive care units was performed (June 2018‐December 2019). Data collected included demographics, anticoagulation strategy, number of circuit interventions, blood product use on ECLS, survival to decannulation, and survival to discharge. Fifty‐four children were placed on ECLS for a total of 56 runs. Demographics and venovenous versus venoarterial ECLS were similar. The bivalirudin group had longer median duration of support compared to the heparin group––11.0 days [IQR 6.2, 23.1] versus 3.3 days [2.1, 6.2], P < .001. Patients switched from heparin to bivalirudin had a similar duration of support (10.3 days [8.3, 18.3]) as those on bilvalirudin alone. However, there was no difference in red blood cell, fresh frozen plasma, or platelet transfusions. There was no difference in the number of circuit interventions, survival to decannulation or discharge. The freedom to first circuit intervention was longer with bivalirudin compared to heparin. Our data suggest that even with longer pediatric ECLS runs on bivalirudin, there were no differences in the outcomes between the heparin and bivalirudin groups, with longer freedom from first circuit intervention with bivalirudin. While this is the largest reported series comparing children on ECLS anticoagulated with heparin versus bivalirudin, larger studies are needed to determine the optimal anticoagulation strategy for this diverse and complicated group of children.
Institutional and organizational trajectories in social economy enterprises: Resilience, transformation and regeneration
Authors: Bretos Ignacio , Bouchard Marie J. , Zevi Alberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSocial economy enterprises (SEEs) are arousing notable interest as promising alternatives where social innovation, business ownership and governance are concerned. In this context, a renewed debate about the internal changes and organizational trajectories experienced by these organizations has emerged in the scholarly literature. This special issue aims to contribute to ongoing debates in this field by advancing our understanding of the external pressures and internal dynamics that can trigger degeneration in SEEs, the conditions and factors that allow SEEs preserving their hallmark values and practices, and the resources and processes of organizational change that SEEs can deploy to overcome degeneration and regenerate. In this editorial introduction we introduce the topic of research, describe the content of the current special issue, and highlight some conclusions and possible directions for future research.
Spatial regression and spillover effects in cluster randomized trials with count outcomes
Authors: Anaya‐Izquierdo Karim , Alexander Neal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper describes methodology for analyzing data from cluster randomized trials with count outcomes, taking indirect effects as well spatial effects into account. Indirect effects are modeled using a novel application of a measure of depth within the intervention arm. Both direct and indirect effects can be estimated accurately even when the proposed model is misspecified. We use spatial regression models with Gaussian random effects, where the individual outcomes have distributions overdispersed with respect to the Poisson, and the corresponding direct and indirect effects have a marginal interpretation. To avoid spatial confounding, we use orthogonal regression, in which random effects represent spatial dependence using a homoscedastic and dimensionally reduced modification of the intrinsic conditional autoregression model. We illustrate the methodology using spatial data from a pair‐matched cluster randomized trial against the dengue mosquito vector Aedes aegypti, done in Trujillo, Venezuela.
Synthesis and evaluation of C3 substituted chalcone‐based derivatives of 7‐azaindole as protein kinase inhibitors
Authors: Qhobosheane Malikotsi A. , Legoabe Lesetja J. , Josselin Béatrice , Bach Stéphane , Ruchaud Sandrine , Beteck Richard M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChalcones are a group of naturally occurring or synthetic compounds which possess a wide range of biological activities. In this paper, a series of twenty‐three 7‐azaindole‐chalcone hybrids (5a–w) were synthesized and evaluated as potential protein kinase inhibitors. Analyses of structure–activity relationships revealed that some of these compounds exhibit significant activity against Haspin kinase, with compounds 5f and 5q exhibiting IC50 values of 0.47 and 0.41 µM, respectively. Furthermore, 5f also inhibits cyclin‐dependent kinase 9 (CDK9/CyclinT) in a micromolar potency (IC50 = 2.26 µM). This novel dual‐target inhibitor is a promising lead for the development of chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agents.
Moral responsibility for concepts, continued: Concepts as abstract objects
Authors: Fredericks Rachel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn Fredericks (2018b), I argued that we can be morally responsible for our concepts if they are mental representations. Here, I make a complementary argument for the claim that even if concepts are abstract objects, we can be morally responsible for coming to grasp and for thinking (or not thinking) in terms of them. As before, I take for granted Angela Smith's (2005) rational relations account of moral responsibility, though I think the same conclusion follows from various other accounts. My strategy is to focus on the relations that can obtain between concepts (understood as abstract objects) and morally responsible agents. I conclude by discussing some of the reasons why my arguments matter, which have to do with consequential choices between conceptual options, purposefully seeking out concepts that are new to us, and moral education.
Living with opioids: A qualitative study with patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: De Sola Helena , Maquibar Amaia , Failde Inmaculada , Salazar Alejandro , Goicolea Isabel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundOpioids are one of the most prescribed treatments for chronic pain (CP). However, their long‐term use (>3 months) has been surrounded by controversy, due to loss of beneficial effects.ObjectiveTo explore the experiences of people with chronic non‐malignant low back pain in Spain undergoing long‐term treatment with opioids.DesignQualitative study.Setting and participantsWe conducted 15 semi‐structured interviews at the Pain Clinic with persons taking opioid treatment.MethodsThe interviews were analysed by qualitative content analysis as described by Graneheim and Lundman, and developed categories and themes discussed in light of a biomedicalization framework.Main resultsWe developed one overarching theme—Living with opioids: dependence and autonomy while seeking relief—and three categories: The long pathway to opioids due to the invisibility of pain; Opioids: from blind date to a long‐term relationship; and What opioids cannot fix.DiscussionThe long and difficult road to find effective treatments was a fundamental part of coping with pain, involving long‐term relationships with the health system. This study reflects the benefits, and drawbacks of opioids, along with struggles to maintain autonomy and make decisions while undergoing long‐term treatment with opioids. The paper also highlights the consequences of pain in the economy, family and social life of patients.ConclusionsPatients' experiences should be considered to a greater extent by health‐care professionals when giving information about opioids and setting treatment goals. Greater consideration of the social determinants of health that affect CP experiences might lead to more effective solutions to CP.
Clinicopathological analysis of appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma with peritoneal metastasis: World Health Organization grade predicts survival following cytoreductive surgery with intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Shyu Susan , Choudry Haroon , Hall Lauren , Pingpank James , Holtzman Matthew , Bartlett David , Pai Reetesh K 
Published: June 2020

AimsPeritoneal spread is the most common route of metastasis in appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of the World Health Organization (WHO) 5th edition grading criteria in peritoneal metastases of goblet cell adenocarcinoma.Methods and resultsWe evaluated the clinicopathological features and survival of 63 patients with peritoneal metastasis of goblet cell adenocarcinoma who underwent cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (CRS‐HIPEC), stratified according to the WHO 5th edition and the Tang et al. grading schemes. The patients were also compared with 120 patients with peritoneal metastasis of appendiceal mucinous neoplasia. Most (73%) peritoneal metastases of goblet cell adenocarcinoma were WHO Grade 3 (G3), there being fewer cases of Grade 2 (G2) (16%) and Grade 1 (G1) (11%) disease. No significant differences in overall survival were observed between WHO G1 and G2 tumours or between the three Tang grades. In the multivariable model of survival, WHO G3 [hazard ratio (HR) 2.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–7.70] and the presence of >50% extracellular mucin (HR 2.30, 95% CI 1.09–4.88) were associated with reduced overall survival for patients with goblet cell adenocarcinoma. As compared with patients with peritoneal metastasis of mucinous neoplasia, patients with goblet cell adenocarcinoma had significantly reduced survival (median overall survival of 37 months versus 102 months, P < 0.001), which was attributed to the reduced survival of patients with G1/G2 goblet cell adenocarcinoma as compared with patients with G1 mucinous neoplasia (median survival of 98 months versus 204 months, P < 0.001).ConclusionsGrade of peritoneal goblet cell adenocarcinoma determined according to the WHO 5th edition criteria is a clinically relevant measure that independently predicts survival in patients treated with CRS‐HIPEC.
Oh, Behave!
Authors: Adolph Karen E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBehavior is essential for understanding infant learning and development. Although behavior is transient and ephemeral, we have the technology to make it tangible and enduring. Video uniquely captures and preserves the details of behavior and the surrounding context. By sharing videos for documentation and data reuse, we can exploit the tremendous opportunities provided by infancy research and overcome the important challenges in studying behavior. The Datavyu video coding software and Databrary digital video library provide tools and infrastructure for mining and sharing the richness of video. This article is based on my Presidential Address to the International Congress on Infant Studies in New Orleans, May 22, 2016 (Video 1 at https://www.databrary.org/volume/955/slot/39352/-?asset=190106). Given that the article describes the power of video for understanding behavior, I use video clips rather than static images to illustrate most of my points, and the videos are shared on the Databrary library.
Autophagy activators stimulate the removal of advanced glycation end products in human keratinocytes
Authors: Laughlin T. , Tan Y. , Jarrold B. , Chen J. , Li L. , Fang B. , Zhao W. , Tamura M. , Matsubara A. , Deng G. , Wang X. , Hakozaki T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can impact cellular homoeostasis and protein structure, thus is implicated in numerous skin conditions including yellow, dull appearance. AGE formation is irreversible; thus, understanding of the recycling process of AGEs in the skin is critical for addressing skin appearance conditions.ObjectiveTo determine whether (i) accumulation of AGEs occurs in dull appearance group among young population (age 20–29) (ii) in vitro autophagy stimulation results in reduction of AGEs in keratinocytes.MethodsFacial cheek biopsies were collected from Chinese women (age 20–50) exhibiting either dull or non‐dull appearing skin. Histological assessment of glycation was performed for representative subjects among the 20–29 years sub‐group by immunofluorescence staining of AGEs. LC‐MS methods and keratinocyte cell culture were used to assess impact of autophagy modulators and skin care materials on carboxymethyl lysine (CML) amount, a representative AGE.ResultsNotable amounts of AGEs were observed in the epidermal samples among young females. Interestingly, the amount of AGEs was significantly higher among the dull skin appearance group. Treatment of keratinocytes with glyceraldehyde (GLA) enhanced CML in the cells, and postglycation treatment with autophagy activators reduced CML. Two skin care materials, Nymphaea alba flower extract (a.k.a. white water lily extract) and sucrose dilaurate, were identified based from in vitro autophagy activation and found to reduce CML in keratinocytes.ConclusionWe found AGEs accumulate in the facial epidermis even among young people, correlating to a yellow and dull appearance. We also demonstrated in vitro activation of autophagy can reduce AGEs in keratinocytes, and autophagy activating skin care materials, N. alba flower extract and sucrose dilaurate, also reduce AGEs in the keratinocyte in vitro model. These data suggest epidermal AGEs contribute to the dull skin appearance, and autophagy activators may provide an effective solution to improve dull appearance by removing and recycling the accumulated glycation in the skin.
Black soldier fly larvae show a stronger preference for manure than for a mass‐rearing diet
Authors: Parodi Alejandro , Van Dijk Kim , Van Loon Joop J. A. , De Boer Imke J. M. , Van Schelt Jeroen , Van Zanten Hannah H. E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe attention for black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as an alternative ingredient for food and feed products is on the rise. While many studies have reported the efficiency of BSFL to bio‐convert a wide range of organic waste streams into larval biomass, so far, it is unknown whether BSFL prefer certain waste streams over others when they have the possibility to choose. Here, we performed a choice‐test experiment to explore the preference of BSFL when exposed to pig manure and a mass‐rearing diet consisting of plant by‐products currently used for industrial BSFL production. We found that after 1 hr of exposure to both feeds, BSFL strongly preferred pig manure over the mass‐rearing diet. The preference for manure became stronger as larval age increased. Our results provide the first evidence that BSFL express a distinct diet preference. Understanding the reasons for the strong preference for manure is relevant for a diverse array of practical applications and to inform the discussion on insect welfare.
A Workshop for Interprofessional Trainees Using the Geriatrics 5Ms Framework
Authors: Schwartz Andrea Wershof , Hawley Chelsea E. , Strong Jessica V. , Phillips Sarah C. , Amir Omar , Ludwin Brian M. , Ngoc Phung Elizabeth T. , Moye Jennifer 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESInterprofessional trainees need geriatrics training to prepare them to care for our aging population. Team‐based care will help them be ready to work in an Age‐Friendly Health System. The Geriatrics 5Ms provides a framework to engage learners in five main domains of caring for older adults from an interprofessional perspective: Mobility, Mind, Medications, Multicomplexity, and what Matters Most.DESIGNWe created a half‐day workshop for interprofessional trainees using the Geriatric 5Ms framework to increase their preparedness in caring for older adults as part of an interprofessional team.SETTINGThe New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center.PARTICIPANTSA total of 66 trainees from 10 professions.INTERVENTIONAfter introductory sessions on careers in aging, participants engaged in an interactive session to learn about the professions represented. They then formed interprofessional groups to discuss a patient case using the Geriatrics 5Ms framework with a modified jigsaw format.MEASUREMENTSTrainees were surveyed before and after the workshop on their attitudes toward careers in aging, understanding of skills and training paths of other professions, and familiarity with the Geriatrics 5Ms framework.RESULTSOverall, 97% of the trainees rated the workshop highly. Trainee ratings significantly increased in the areas of understanding of other professions, and familiarity and applicability of the Geriatrics 5Ms, particularly for nonphysicians.CONCLUSIONA workshop for interprofessional trainees using the Geriatrics 5Ms framework increased the readiness of trainees to care for older adults as part of an interprofessional team. This workshop offers a promising model for needed interprofessional geriatrics education. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1857‐1863, 2020.
Molecular mechanisms of painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy—Evidence from animal research and clinical correlates
Authors: Korczeniewska Olga A. , Khan Junad , Eliav Eli , Benoliel Rafael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPainful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN) may occur following major craniofacial or oral trauma, or may be subsequent to relatively minor dental interventions. Following injury, pain may originate from a peripheral nerve, a ganglion, or from the central nervous system. In this review, we focus on molecular mechanisms of pain resulting from injury to the peripheral branch of the trigeminal nerve. This syndrome has been termed painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN) by the International Headache Society and replaces previous terms including atypical odontalgia, deafferentation pain, traumatic neuropathy and phantom toothache. We emphasize the scientific evidence supporting the events purported to lead to PTTN by reviewing the pathophysiology of PTTN based on relevant animal models. Additionally, we briefly overview clinical correlates and pathophysiological manifestations of PTTN.