bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoke of extreme Australian bushfires observed in the stratosphere over Punta Arenas, Chile, in January 2020: optical thickness, lidar ratios, and depolarization ratios at 355 and 532 nm
Authors: Ohneiser Kevin , Ansmann Albert , Baars Holger , Seifert Patric , Barja Boris , Jimenez Cristofer , Radenz Martin , Teisseire Audrey , Floutsi Athina , Haarig Moritz , Foth Andreas , Chudnovsky Alexandra , Engelmann Ronny , Zamorano Félix , Bühl Johannes , Wandinger Ulla 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. We present particle optical properties of stratospheric smoke layers observed with multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar over Punta Arenas (53.2∘ S, 70.9∘ W), Chile, at the southernmost tip of South America in January 2020. The smoke originated from the record-breaking bushfires in Australia. The stratospheric aerosol optical thickness reached values up to 0.85 at 532 nm in mid-January 2020. The main goal of this rapid communication letter is to provide first stratospheric measurements of smoke extinction-to-backscatter ratios (lidar ratios) and particle linear depolarization ratios at 355 and 532 nm wavelengths. These aerosol parameters are important input parameters in the analysis of spaceborne CALIPSO and Aeolus lidar observations of the Australian smoke spreading over large parts of the Southern Hemisphere in January and February 2020 up to heights of around 30 km. Lidar and depolarization ratios, simultaneously measured at 355 and 532 nm, are of key importance regarding the homogenization of the overall Aeolus (355 nm wavelength) and CALIPSO (532 nm wavelength) lidar data sets documenting the spread of the smoke and the decay of the stratospheric perturbation, which will be observable over the entire year of 2020. We found typical values and spectral dependencies of the lidar ratio and linear depolarization ratio for aged stratospheric smoke. At 355 nm, the lidar ratio and depolarization ratio ranged from 53 to 97 sr (mean 71 sr) and 0.2 to 0.26 (mean 0.23), respectively. At 532 nm, the lidar ratios were higher (75–112 sr, mean 97 sr) and the depolarization ratios were lower with values of 0.14–0.22 (mean 0.18). The determined depolarization ratios for aged Australian smoke are in very good agreement with respective ones for aged Canadian smoke, observed with lidar in stratospheric smoke layers over central Europe in the summer of 2017. The much higher 532 nm lidar ratios, however, indicate stronger absorption by the Australian smoke particles.
Development of a two-way-coupled ocean–wave model: assessment on a global NEMO(v3.6)–WW3(v6.02) coupled configuration
Authors: Couvelard Xavier , Lemarié Florian , Samson Guillaume , Redelsperger Jean-Luc , Ardhuin Fabrice , Benshila Rachid , Madec Gurvan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This paper describes the implementation of a coupling between a three-dimensional ocean
general circulation model (NEMO) and a wave model (WW3) to represent
the interactions of upper-oceanic flow dynamics with surface waves. The focus is on the impact
of such coupling on upper-ocean properties (temperature and currents) and mixed layer depth (MLD)
at global eddying scales. A generic coupling interface has been developed, and the NEMO
governing equations and boundary conditions have been adapted to include wave-induced terms following
the approach of McWilliams et al. (2004) and Ardhuin et al. (2008). In particular, the contributions of Stokes–Coriolis,
vortex, and surface pressure forces have been implemented on top of the necessary modifications of the
tracer–continuity equation and turbulent closure scheme (a one-equation turbulent kinetic energy – TKE – closure here). To assess the new
developments, we perform a set of sensitivity experiments with a global oceanic configuration at 1/4∘
resolution coupled with a wave model configured at 1/2∘ resolution. Numerical simulations show a global
increase in wind stress due to the interaction with waves (via the Charnock coefficient), particularly at high
latitudes, resulting in increased surface currents. The modifications brought to the TKE closure scheme and
the inclusion of a parameterization for Langmuir turbulence lead to a significant increase in the mixing, thus
helping to deepen the MLD. This deepening is mainly located in the Southern Hemisphere and results in
reduced sea surface currents and temperatures.
Speech language pathology Clinical Education: perceptions and experiences of clinical educators and students
Authors: Rocha Joana Antonieta , Oliveira Santos Catarina , Peixoto Vânia , Maia Fátima , Gama Alegria Rita 
Published: July 2020

For the purposes of professional development clinical education is crucial to speech-language pathologists (SLP). There is limited information about clinical education of SLP students in Portugal. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the mutual perceptions of Portuguese SLP’s clinical educators and students’ of SLP in a Portuguese private University Clinic. Five SLP clinical educators and nine students participated in a one on one semi-structured interview. Content analysis was used to explore interview data. The analysis led to the identification of four themes shared by both groups. Findings from this study provided an insight about clinical education characteristics and challenges reported by clinical educators and students in Portugal and to compare those results with others mentioned in other countries. The findings of this study suggest that clinical educators and students identify, in general, similar characteristics regarding effective/non-effective clinical educator profile and benefits regarding clinical education process. The sample provides preliminary data on Portuguese clinical educator’s and student’s experience of clinical education.
The New Yorker and the Experimental Modernist Writer: The Career of Novelist, Critic, and Short Story Writer Robert M. Coates
Authors: Roza Mathilde 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The New Yorker, founded in 1925, was well-positioned to influence the reception of Anglo-American literary modernism. Although the magazine frequently paid attention to modernism, it did not make a special point of championing or publishing modernist writers. An illuminating exception in this regard was the experimental modernist writer Robert Myron Coates (1897–1973), who had a life-long association with the New Yorker, while also crafting a career in distinctly experimental writing. Coates's work and career is emblematic of the interconnectedness between advanced modernism, its middlebrow manifestations, and American popular culture.
The Impact of Subspecialty Fellows on Orthopaedic Resident Surgical Experience: A Multicenter Study of 51,111 Cases
Authors: Jiang Sam Y. , Carlock Kurtis D. , Campbell Sean T. , Vorhies John S. , Gardner Michael J. , Leucht Philipp , Bishop Julius A. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Meaningful participation in surgery is important for orthopaedic resident education. This study aimed to quantify the effect of fellows on resident surgical experience. We hypothesized that as fellowship programs expanded, resident caseload would decrease, whereas “double-scrubbed” cases would increase.

Methods:
This multicenter retrospective study included 9 years of surgical caselog data from two orthopaedic residency programs. Six subspecialty services on which fellow number varied over time were included (trauma, spine, foot and ankle, adult reconstruction, and hand). Case volume and personnel composition per case were extracted. Statistical analysis was performed with two-sample equal variance Student t-tests.

Results:
A total of 51,111 cases were assessed. Surgical volume increased across all sites/services over time. Fellow numbers did not affect average resident caseload. However, in years with more fellows, an 11% decrease in one-on-one resident-attending cases (P = 0.002) and a 17% increase in resident-fellow-attending “double-scrubbed” cases was observed (P < 0.001).

Discussion:
Increasing orthopaedic fellows did not affect resident case volume but resulted in fewer one-on-one cases with the attending and more “double-scrubbed” cases with a fellow. The implications of these findings to resident education require further study, but orthopaedic educators should be aware of these findings to try to maximize educational opportunities.

Level of Evidence:
Level III
Prevalence and Determinants of Toxoplasma Seropositivity among Women Who had Spontaneous Abortion in Gombe, North-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Farouk H. U. , Manga M. M. , Yahaya U. R. , Laima C. H. , Lawan A. I. , Ballah F. M. , El-Nafaty A. U. 
Published: July 2020

Aim: To determine the seroprevalence and determinants of Toxoplasma IgG and IgM seropositivity among women with spontaneous abortion in Gombe.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 302 pregnant women with spontaneous abortion, presenting at the gynaecological emergency units of Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe and State Specialist Hospital Gombe. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, and a venous blood sample was drawn from each participant and tested for Toxoplasma IgG and IgM by ELISA technique.
Results: Toxoplasma seroprevalence was 62(20.5%) and was higher in women that owned cats (24% vs 20.1%, OR 1.3, 0.5-3.1) and ate grilled meat (suya) (21.0% vs 11.8%, OR 2.0, 0.4-9.0), but lower in those that washed fruits and vegetables before consumption (OR 0.6, 0.2-1.4).
Conclusion: Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Gombe is high and may be influenced by cat ownership cooking and eating habit.
Diagnosing atmospheric communication of a sealed monitor chamber
Authors: McCaw Travis J. , Barraclough Brendan A. , Belanger Maxwell , Besemer Abigail , Dunkerley David A. P. , Labby Zacariah E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDaily output variations of up to ±2% were observed for a protracted time on a Varian TrueBeam® STx; these output variations were hypothesized to be the result of atmospheric communication of the sealed monitor chamber. Daily changes in output relative to baseline, measured with an ionization chamber array (DQA3) and the amorphous silicon flat panel detector (IDU) on the TrueBeam®, were compared with daily temperature‐pressure corrections (PTP) determined from sensors within the DQA3. Output measurements were performed using a Farmer® ionization chamber over a 5‐hour period, during which there was controlled variation in the monitor chamber temperature. The root mean square difference between percentage output change from baseline measured with the DQA3 and IDU was 0.50% over all measurements. Over a 7‐month retrospective review of daily changes in output and PTP, weak correlation (R2 = 0.30) was observed between output and PTP for the first 5 months; for the final 2 months, daily output changes were linearly correlated with changes in PTP, with a slope of 0.84 (R2 = 0.89). Ionization measurements corrected for ambient temperature and pressure during controlled heating and cooling of the monitor chamber differed from expected values for a sealed monitor chamber by up to 4.6%, but were consistent with expectation for an air‐communicating monitor chamber within uncertainty (1.3%, k = 2). Following replacement of the depressurized monitor chamber, there has been no correlation between daily percentage change in output and PTP (R2 = 0.09). The utility of control charts is demonstrated for earlier identification of changes in the sensitivity of a sealed monitor chamber.
Efficacy and Safety of Canakinumab in Patients With Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis With and Without Fever at Baseline: Results From an Open‐Label, Active‐Treatment Extension Study
Authors: Brunner Hermine I. , Quartier Pierre , Alexeeva Ekaterina , Constantin Tamàs , Koné‐Paut Isabelle , Marzan Katherine , Schneider Rayfel , Wulffraat Nico M. , Chasnyk Vyacheslav , Tirosh Irit , Kallinich Tilmann , Kuemmerle‐Deschner Jasmin , Wouters Carine , Lauwerys Bernard , Nikishina Irina , Trachana Maria , Vougiouka Olga , Martini Alberto , Lovell Daniel J. , Levy Jeremy , Vritzali Eleni , Ruperto Nicolino ,   Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation, the Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term efficacy and safety of canakinumab and explore prediction of response in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with or without fever at treatment initiation.MethodsAt enrollment, patients with active systemic JIA (ages 2 to <20 years) started open‐label canakinumab (4 mg/kg every 4 weeks subcutaneously). Efficacy measures included the adapted American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Pediatric 50/70/90 criteria, the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS), and clinically inactive disease and clinical remission on medication, evaluated by either the JADAS or ACR criteria.ResultsOf the 123 patients (70 with fever and 52 without fever [fever status was not reported for 1 patient]), 84 (68.3%) completed the study (median duration 1.8 years). Comparable efficacy (adapted ACR Pediatric 50/70/90/100) was observed by day 15 in both subgroups (60.0%/48.6%/37.1%/24.3% in those with fever and 67.3%/48.1%/34.6%/19.2% in those without fever), and further increased thereafter. By month 6, clinical remission according to the JADAS or the ACR criteria was achieved in 17 (24.3%) and 26 (37.1%), respectively, of patients with fever and 9 (17.3%) and 12 (23.1%), respectively, of patients without fever. Median time to onset of clinical remission according to the JADAS or ACR criteria was 57 and 30 days, respectively, in those with fever, and 58 and 142 days, respectively, in those without fever. An adapted ACR Pediatric 50 response by day 15 was the strongest predictor of achieving clinical remission according to the JADAS (odds ratio [OR] 13 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 4, 42]; P < 0.0001) or glucocorticoid discontinuation (OR 19 [95% CI 3, 114]; P = 0.002). Of the 71 of 123 patients (57.7%) who received glucocorticoids at study entry, 27 (38.0%) discontinued glucocorticoids and 21 (29.6%) reached a dose of <0.2 mg/kg/day, with no difference between those with and those without fever; 13 patients (10.6%) tolerated a sustained canakinumab dose reduction to 2 mg/kg every 4 weeks. No new safety findings were observed.ConclusionCanakinumab provided rapid and sustained improvement of active systemic JIA irrespective of the presence of fever at treatment initiation.
Productivity costs associated with metastatic breast cancer in younger, midlife, and older women
Authors: Trogdon Justin G. , Liu Xuejun , Reeder‐Hayes Katherine E. , Rotter Jason , Ekwueme Donatus U. , Wheeler Stephanie B. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe objective of the current study was to estimate productivity costs due to metastatic breast cancer (mBC) via productive time lost among survivors and potential life‐years lost from premature mortality among 3 age groups: younger (aged 18‐44 years), midlife (aged 45‐64 years), and older (aged ≥65 years) women.MethodsThe authors estimated the number of work and home productivity days missed due to mBC by age group using data from the 2000 to 2016 National Health Interview Survey. Years of potential life lost (YPLL) due to mBC were calculated for each age group using 2015 National Vital Statistics System data. The authors valued both sources of lost productivity time using the Current Population Survey and prior studies.ResultsThe per‐woman value of lost productive days (work and home) due to mBC ranged from $680 for older women to $5169 for younger women. In 2015, the value of lost work and home productivity days associated with mBC nationally was $67 million for younger women, $246 million for midlife women, and $66 million for older women. YPLL were highest among midlife women (403,786 life‐years), followed by older women (248,522 life‐years) and younger women (95,943 life‐years). Midlife women were found to have the highest market value of YPLL ($4.1 billion), followed by younger women ($1.6 billion) and older women ($527 million).ConclusionsThe results of the current study demonstrated that mBC generates a high economic burden through lost productivity, especially among midlife women.
Extracellular vesicle Cystatin C and CD14 are associated with both renal dysfunction and heart failure
Authors: Verbree‐Willemsen Laura , Zhang Ya‐nan , Ibrahim Irwani , Ooi Shirley B.S. , Wang Jiong‐Wei , Mazlan Muhammad I. , Kuan Win S. , Chan Siew‐Pang , Peelen Linda M. , Grobbee Diederick E. , Richards A. Mark , Lam Carolyn S.P. , de Kleijn Dominique P.V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small double‐membrane plasma vesicles that play key roles in cellular crosstalk and mechanisms such as inflammation. The role of EVs in combined organ failure such as cardiorenal syndrome has not been investigated. The aim of this study is to identify EV proteins that are associated with renal dysfunction, heart failure, and their combination in dyspnoeic patients.Methods and resultsBlood samples were prospectively collected in 404 patients presenting with breathlessness at the emergency department at National University Hospital, Singapore. Renal dysfunction was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The presence of heart failure was independently adjudicated by two clinicians on the basis of the criteria of the European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Protein levels of SerpinG1, SerpinF2, Cystatin C, and CD14 were measured with a quantitative immune assay within three EV sub‐fractions and in plasma and were tested for their associations with renal dysfunction, heart failure, and the concurrence of both conditions using multinomial regression analysis, thereby correcting for confounders such as age, gender, ethnicity, and co‐morbidities. Renal dysfunction was found in 92 patients (23%), while heart failure was present in 141 (35%). In total, 58 patients (14%) were diagnosed with both renal dysfunction and heart failure. Regression analysis showed that Cystatin C was associated with renal dysfunction, heart failure, and their combination in all three EV sub‐fractions and in plasma. CD14 was associated with both renal dysfunction and the combined renal dysfunction and heart failure in all EV sub‐fractions, and with presence of heart failure in the high density lipoprotein sub‐fraction. SerpinG1 and SerpinF2 were associated with heart failure in, respectively, two and one out of three EV sub‐fractions and in plasma, but not with renal dysfunction.ConclusionsWe provide the first data showing that Cystatin C and CD14 in circulating EVs are associated with both renal dysfunction and heart failure in patients presenting with acute dyspnoea. This suggests that EV proteins may be involved in the combined organ failure of the cardiorenal syndrome and may represent possible targets for prevention or treatment.
Consumption of animal and plant foods and risk of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: the Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: Razavi Alexander C. , Bazzano Lydia A. , He Jiang , Whelton Seamus P. , Fernandez Camilo , Ley Sylvia , Qi Lu , Krousel‐Wood Marie , Harlan Timothy S. , Kelly Tanika N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsLeft ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is an early heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) phenotype that is reversible. Identifying dietary predictors associated with LVDD in diverse populations may help broadly improve HFpEF primary prevention.Methods and resultsThis longitudinal analysis included 456 individuals of the Bogalusa Heart Study (27% Black, 63% women, baseline age = 36.1 ± 4.4 years). Diet was measured at baseline through food frequency questionnaires. LVDD was defined at follow‐up (median = 12.9 years) through echocardiographic measurement of the E/A ratio, E/e′ ratio, isovolumic relaxation time, and deceleration time. Multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression estimated the risk of LVDD according to dietary predictor, adjusting for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Compared with the lowest tertile, participants in the middle tertile of total protein (OR = 3.30, 95% CI: 1.46, 7.45) and animal protein (OR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.34, 6.34) consumption experienced the highest risk of LVDD. There was a 77% and 56% lower risk of LVDD for persons in the middle vs. lowest tertile of vegetable (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.49) and legume consumption (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.85), respectively. Total protein, animal protein, processed meat, and egg consumption indicated a quadratic trend towards increased risk of LVDD, while legume and vegetable intake conferred a quadratic trend towards decreased risk of LVDD (all quadratic P < 0.05).ConclusionsDiets higher in animal foods and lower in plant foods are associated with an increased risk for LVDD. These findings suggest threshold effects of diet on LVDD, past which more traditional cardiometabolic determinants occupy a larger role in HFpEF risk.
Predicting Early Life Stage Mortality in Birds and Fishes from Exposure to Low-Potency Agonists of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: A Cross-Species Quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathway Approach
Authors: Doering Jon A. , Dubiel Justin , Wiseman Steve 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) cause early life stage mortality of vertebrates through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). A prior study developed a cross-species quantitative adverse outcome pathway (qAOP) which can predict full dose–response curves of early life stage mortality for any species of bird or fish exposed to DLCs using the species- and chemical-specific 50% effect concentration (EC50) from an in vitro AhR transactivation assay with COS-7 cells. However, calculating a reliable EC50 for input into this qAOP requires the maximal response of the concentration–response curve to be known, which is not always possible for low-potency agonists, such as some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). To enable predictions for these low-potency agonists, the present study revised this qAOP to use the effect concentration threshold (ECThreshold) from the in vitro AhR transactivation assay as input. Significant linear relationships were demonstrated between ECThreshold and the dose to cause 0, 10, 50, or 100% mortality among early life stages of 3 species of birds and 7 species of fish for 4 DLCs: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, PCB 126, PCB 77, and PCB 105. These 4 linear relationships were combined to form the revised qAOP. This qAOP using the ECThreshold enables prediction of experimental dose–response curves for lower-potency agonists to within an order of magnitude on average, but the prior qAOP using EC50 predicts experimental dose–response curves for higher-potency agonists with greater accuracy. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2055–2064. © 2020 SETAC
A Language Justice Framework for Culturally Responsive and Equitable Evaluation
Authors: Ghanbarpour Susan , Noguez Mercado Ana Paula , Palotai Ada 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvaluation interconnects with myriad social needs and must be responsive to diverse, intersecting identities and experiences, including language. Over 25 million people in the United States speak English less than “very well,” according to the U.S. Census. Many are from marginalized communities that face multiple forms of oppression, including racism, xenophobia, and linguicism. We propose an evaluation framework grounded in language justice—simply defined as the right to communicate in the language in which one feels most comfortable. This right is threatened by structural inequities that include unexamined and exclusionary evaluation practices. Our chapter discusses language equity and oppression, and distinguishes between language access and language justice. We also explore definitions and principles of language justice and assert its special salience for practitioners of Culturally Responsive and Equitable Evaluation. Finally, we provide guidance on integrating a language justice framework into common evaluation practices, with a particular emphasis on participatory methodologies.