bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHORUS. I. Cosmic HydrOgen Reionization Unveiled with Subaru: Overview
Authors: Inoue Akio K , Yamanaka Satoshi , Ouchi Masami , Iwata Ikuru , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Nagao Tohru , Kashikawa Nobunari , Ono Yoshiaki , Mawatari Ken , Shibuya Takatoshi , Hayashi Masao , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Zhang Haibin , Liang Yongming , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Hilmi Miftahul , Kikuta Satoshi , Kusakabe Haruka , Furusawa Hisanori , Hayashino Tomoki , Kajisawa Masaru , Matsuda Yuichi , Nakajima Kimihiko , Momose Rieko , Harikane Yuichi , Saito Tomoki , Kodama Tadayuki , Kikuchihara Shotaro , Iye Masanori , Goto Tomotsugu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo determine the dominant sources for cosmic reionization, the evolution history of the global ionizing fraction, and the topology of the ionized regions, we have conducted a deep imaging survey using four narrow-band (NB) and one intermediate-band (IB) filters on the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC), called Cosmic HydrOgen Reionization Unveiled with Subaru (CHORUS). The central wavelengths and full-widths-at-half-maximum of the CHORUS filters are, respectively, 386.2 nm and 5.5 nm for NB387, 526.0 nm and 7.9 nm for NB527, 717.1 nm and 11.1 nm for NB718, 946.2 nm and 33.0 nm for IB945, and 971.2 nm and 11.2 nm for NB973. This combination, including NB921 (921.5 nm and 13.5 nm) from the Subaru Strategic Program with HSC (HSC SSP), is carefully designed, as if they were playing a chorus, to observe multiple spectral features simultaneously, such as Lyman continuum, Lyα, C iv, and He ii for $z$ = 2–7. The observing field is the same as that of the deepest footprint of the HSC SSP in the COSMOS field and its effective area is about 1.6 deg2. We present an overview of the CHORUS project, which includes descriptions of the filter design philosophy, observations and data reduction, multiband photometric catalogs, assessments of the imaging quality, measurements of the number counts, and example use cases for the data. All the imaging data, photometric catalogs, masked pixel images, data of limiting magnitudes and point spread functions, results of completeness simulations, and source number counts are publicly available through the HSC SSP database.
Sleep after learning aids the consolidation of factual knowledge, but not relearning
Authors: Cousins James N , Teo Teck Boon , Tan Zhi Yi , Wong Kian F , Chee Michael W L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep strengthens and reorganizes declarative memories, but the extent to which these processes benefit subsequent relearning of the same material remains unknown. It is also unclear whether sleep-memory effects translate to educationally realistic learning tasks and improve long-term learning outcomes.

Methods
Young adults learned factual knowledge in two learning sessions that were 12 h apart and separated by either nocturnal sleep (n = 26) or daytime wakefulness (n = 26). Memory before and after the retention interval was compared to assess the effect of sleep on consolidation, while memory before and after the second learning session was compared to assess relearning. A final test 1 week later assessed whether there was any long-term advantage to sleeping between two study sessions.

Results
Sleep significantly enhanced consolidation of factual knowledge (p = 0.01, d = 0.72), but groups did not differ in their capacity to relearn the materials (p = 0.72, d = 0.10). After 1 week, a numerical memory advantage remained for the sleep group but was no longer significant (p = 0.21, d = 0.35).

Conclusions
Reduced forgetting after sleep is a robust finding that extends to our ecologically valid learning task, but we found no evidence that sleep enhances relearning. Our findings can exclude a large effect of sleep on long-term memory after 1 week, but hint at a smaller effect, leaving open the possibility of practical benefits from organizing study sessions around nocturnal sleep. These findings highlight the importance of revisiting key sleep-memory effects to assess their relevance to long-term learning outcomes with naturalistic learning materials.
Rapid nitrogen fixation contributes to a similar growth and photosynthetic rate of Robinia pseudoacacia supplied with different levels of nitrogen
Authors: Wang Xiao , Guo Xiao , Du Ning , Guo Weihua , Pang Jiayin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Robinia pseudoacacia L. is a legume species that is widely used in afforestation, which has high N2 fixation capacity and rapid growth rate. Both nitrogen (N) supply and phenology affect plant growth, photosynthesis and leaf senescence. The aim of this study was to determine how N supply affects N2 fixation, leaf photosynthesis and senescence of R. pseudoacacia at different phenological stages. Seedlings of R. pseudoacacia were supplied with different levels of 15N-labelled NH4NO3 solution, with seedlings of Sophora japonica Linn. as reference plants to calculate the percentage of N derived from the atmospheric N2 (%Ndfa). Compared with plants supplied with a high N level, those with a low N supply had a higher %Ndfa at an early developmental stage. Nitrogen fixation compensated the effect of a low N supply on plant growth in R. pseudoacacia. A high N supply decreased biomass allocation to lateral roots and nodules, and increased the relative growth rate of plant height as well as specific leaf area. The eighth mature compound leaf of R. pseudoacacia tended to have a higher net photosynthetic rate than the fourth leaf, and the leaves still maintained a moderate photosynthetic rate in early autumn. Plants tended to allocate more biomass to leaves at an early developmental stage and to stems and roots at a later developmental stage (3 months old). The N level did not affect leaf photosynthesis at different phenological stages, primarily due to (i) a high %Ndfa under low N supply at early growing stage, and a similar high %Ndfa under all N supplies at a late growing stage, and (ii) the delayed greening phenotype of expanding leaves to save nutrients for mature leaves.
Possible Early Vertical Transmission of COVID-19 from an Infected Pregnant Female to Her Neonate: A Case Report
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Tapas , Sharma Abhinav , Kumari Pratima , Maria Arti , Choudhary Rahul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-19) has emerged as a public health emergency in recent times. The reported data on the mode of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are largely through contact, droplet, airborne and fomite transmission methods with vertical transmission being a rare entity. We hereby report a case of a probable vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-19 from an infected pregnant female to her neonate. The transmission has been confirmed by a positive RT-PCR at 16 h of life along with a positive IgG antibody test for SARS-CoV-19 in the baby and after excluding the possible environmental contamination of the sample. The baby was asymptomatic during the course of hospital stay and was discharged from the facility on Day 9 of life.
Measurement Properties of the Oswestry Disability Index in Recipients of Lumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Cook Chad E. , Garcia Alessandra N. , Wright Alexis , Shaffrey Christopher , Gottfried Oren 
Published: October 2020

Study Design.
This is an observational study on the measurement properties of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) version 1.0.

Objectives.
To (1) determine the construct validity of the tool, specifically structural validity; (2) analyze the criterion validity of the tool, specifically concurrent validity against proxy measures of pain, function, and quality of life and predictive validity of each item to proxy measures of disability; and (3) reliability of the tool, specifically internal consistency.

Summary of Background Data.
We endeavored to investigate the measurement properties of the ODI on a spine surgery population to test the assumption that a more disabled population may influence the properties of the tool.

Methods.
Data were pulled from the Quality Outcomes Database (QOD) Spine Registry. A total of 57,199 participants who underwent primary or revision lumbar spine surgeries were included. Structural validity was assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity, predictive validity by odds ratios, and internal consistency by Cronbach alpha. The Visual Analog Scale for back pain, two standard open questions, and the EuroQol 5 Dimension/Visual Analogue Scale were included as proxy measures of pain, function, and quality of life, respectively. Hospital readmission, return to operating room for treatment and revision surgery (all within 30 days) were included as proxy measures of disability to assess the predictive validity of each ODI item.

Results.
The ODI demonstrated a two-factor structural solution, which explained 54.9% of the total variance. Fair internal consistency (0.74–0.77), and fair criterion validity (concurrent) and significant findings with predictive validity (P < 0.01) substantiated the use of each item of the ODI as well as the summary score and ODI thresholds.

Conclusions.
Our study lends value to a burgeoning repository of evidence that suggests the ODI is a useful tool for capturing outcomes in clinical practice. We recommend its continued use in clinical practice.

Level of Evidence: 4
Cervical Extensor Muscles Play the Role on Malalignment of Cervical Spine
Authors: Wang Dian , Ding Yi , Wu Bingxuan , Si Fangda , Yu Fan , Xiao Bowei , Liu Baoge 
Published: October 2020

Study Design.
A case control study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to identify the potential impact of cervical spine malalignment on muscle parameters.

Summary of Background Data.
Muscular factors are associated with cervical alignment. Nevertheless, only muscle dimensions or imaging changes have been evaluated, function of cervical muscles has scarcely been investigated.

Methods.
Thirty-four patients diagnosed as cervical spine degeneration associated with cervical malalignment and 32 control subjects were included in this case control study. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and the neck disability index (NDI) were used. The sagittal alignment parameters and cervical range of motion (ROM) were measured on cervical spine lateral radiographs, included C2-C7 lordosis, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (C2-C7 SVA), cervical gravity-sagittal vertical axis (CG-SVA), T1-Slope, and spinal canal angle (SCA). Surface electromyography (SEMG)-based flexion-relaxation ratio (FRR) was measured.

Results.
The result showed VAS score of the neck significantly lower in controls (P<0.05), C2-C7 lordosis, C2-C7 SVA, CG-SVA, T1-Slope and ROM showed significantly different (P<0.001) between malalignment group and control group, FRR of splenius capitis (FRRSpl) and upper trapezius (FRRUTr) of the malalignment group were lower than in the control group, which correlated well with NDI (rSpl = −0.181 rUTr = −0.275), FRRSpl correlated well with VAS (rSpl = −0.177). FRRSpl correlated strongly with C2-C7 SVA (r = 0.30), CG-SVA (r = 0.32), T1-Slope (r = 0.17), ROM (r = 0.19), FRRUTr correlated with C2-C7 lordosis (r = −0.23), CG-SVA (r = 0.19), T1-Slope (r = 0.28), ROM (r = 0.23).

Conclusion.
Cervical malalignment patients had more tensional posterior cervical muscle and poor muscle functions. CG-SVA showed advantages in evaluating cervical malalignment.

Level of Evidence: 3
Preoperative Opioid Weaning Before Major Spinal Fusion
Authors: Jain Nikhil , Phillips Frank M. , Malik Azeem T. , Khan Safdar N. 
Published: October 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort.

Objective.
To identify gaps in opioid prescription immediately prior to spinal fusion and to study the effect of such simulated “opioid weaning/elimination” on risk of long-term postoperative opioid use.

Summary of Background Data.
Numerous studies have described preoperative opioid duration and dose thresholds associated with sustained postoperative opioid use. However, the benefit and duration of preoperative opioid weaning before spinal fusion has not been elaborated.

Methods.
Humana commercial insurance data (2007-Q1 2017) was used to study primary cervical and lumbar/thoracolumbar fusions. More than 5000 total morphine equivalents in the year before spinal fusion were classified as chronic preoperative opioid use. Based on time between last opioid prescription (<14-days’ supply) and spinal fusion, chronic opioid users were divided as; no gap, >2-months gap (2G) and >3-months gap (3G). Primary outcome measure was long-term postoperative opioid use (>5000 total morphine equivalents between 3 and 12-mo postoperatively). The effect of “opioid gap” on risk of long-term postoperative opioid use was studied using multiple-variable logistic regression analyses.

Results.
17,643 patients were included, of whom 3590 (20.3%) had chronic preoperative opioid use. Of these patients, 41 (1.1%) were in the 3G group and 106 (3.0%) were in the 2G group. In the 2G group, 53.8% patients ceased to have long-term postoperative use as compared with 27.8% in NG group. This association was significant on logistic regression analysis (OR 0.30, 95% CI: 0.20–0.46, P < 0.001).

Conclusions.
Chronic opioid users whose last opioid prescription was >2-months prior to spinal fusion and less than 14-days’ supply had significantly lower risk of long-term postoperative opioid use. We have simulated “opioid weaning” in chronic opioid users undergoing major spinal fusion and our analysis provides an initial reference point for current clinical practice and future clinical studies.

Level of Evidence: 3
Keratoplasty Outcomes in Patients With Uveitis
Authors: Hennein Lauren , Lambert Nathan G. , Chamberlain Winston , Hirabayashi Kristin , Rose-Nussbaumer Jennifer , Schallhorn Julie M. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
To examine the corneal transplant failure rates and associations with uveitic eye disease.

Methods:
The retrospective chart review identified 70 eyes from 42 patients with uveitis that underwent 40 primary transplants and 30 repeat transplants at 2 major academic centers over a 9-year period. The graft failure rate was calculated. Variables hypothesized to be associated with graft failure were analyzed as covariates using a Cox proportional hazards analysis clustered by the patients to determine their association with failure rates.

Results:
Of the 70 grafts, the mean duration of follow-up for patients was 40.6 months (range 4–90 months) and the median survival time was 24.1 months (interquartile range of 9–290 months). Twenty-two patients (52%) had graft failure. There was a higher rate of graft failure in patients with infectious uveitis as compared to those with noninfectious uveitis (hazard ratio 2.46, P = 0.031). Patients with successful grafts had their inflammation controlled for a longer period of time before transplantation as compared to those with failed grafts (38.6 vs. 13.6 months, P = 0.004). Worse preoperative visual acuities were significantly associated with graft failure (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
There is limited knowledge of corneal transplant outcomes in uveitic patients in the current literature. In our study, over half of the grafts failed. Infectious uveitis (especially viral) was a strong predictor of graft failure. A shorter period of inflammation control before transplantation, previously failed grafts, and worse preoperative visual acuity were also associated with graft failure.
Behavioral health integration in a nurse-led federally qualified health center: Outcomes of care
Authors: Weber Mary , Stalder Sarah , Techau Aimee , Centi Sophia , McNair Bryan , Barton Amy J. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Over the past 20 years, significant evidence has emerged for collaborative care in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders in primary care.

Purpose:
The purpose of this project was to integrate an interprofessional and collaborative care model of behavioral health services into routine nurse-led primary care delivered to vulnerable and underserved populations across the lifespan. Team members included psychiatric nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), a registered nurse, and a case manager.

Methods:
An Access database was developed to track clients seen by the PMHNPs. Three key outcome measures were tracked over time: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist Civilian Version, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS). A retrospective analysis of client outcome data from January 2017 through December 2019 was conducted.

Results:
There were 118 patients included who were mostly female (63.6%), White (90.7%), and not Hispanic (69.5%), with Medicaid as their primary insurance (74.6%). For each outcome, models with linear and quadratic function forms for time were fit. The final model for PTSD Checklist Score had a linear functional form for time and the final models for BDRS and HAM-D had linear and quadratic terms for time. All predictors were significantly associated with the outcome.

Implications for practice:
This program demonstrated that a patient-centered, nurse-led team approach to the treatment of depression, bipolar depression, and PTSD can be successful in primary care.
The elephant in the room: A concept analysis of communication and childhood adversity among adults
Authors: Strauch Kimberly A. , Carrington Jane M. , McEwen Marylyn M. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Effective communication by those providing clinical care to adult patients is required to identify and address health disparities associated with childhood adversity. Many primary care NPs are unaware of these relationships, often lacking the communication skills and training needed to elicit this clinically relevant information.

Objectives:
A systematic review in the form of a concept analysis was undertaken to increase our understanding about patient-to-provider communication of childhood adversity in the context of the primary care setting. Two key concepts, communication and childhood adversity, were examined using the procedures outlined by Walker and Avant.

Data sources:
A focused literature search using the search engines CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO with inclusion criteria of “adverse childhood experiences (ACE),” “childhood adversity,” and “communication” provided boundaries for this analysis. No results were found using the defined conceptual terms. Therefore, concept synthesis was driven by the exploration of seminal and current literature from several disciplines.

Conclusions:
Findings revealed that effective communication about childhood adversity is an integral and understated element when addressing ACE-related health disparities among adults. Further synthesis is warranted to explore how primary care NPs apply the concepts of effective communication when providing clinical care to adult patients with histories of childhood adversity.

Implications for practice:
This concept analysis will serve as a catalyst for informing future research and theory development focused on enhancing ACE-specific communication between NPs and adult patients, which will lead to more personalized approaches to developing novel, ACE-specific interventions, a reduction in health disparities, and improved health outcomes.
Patients' Experience of Communication During Their Course of Treatment in an Oncology Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Prip Anne , Pii Kathrine H. , Nielsen Dorte Lisbet , Jarden Mary 
Published: October 2020

Background
Communication between patients and healthcare professionals becomes increasingly important as patients with cancer are primarily treated in outpatient settings, where the time to communicate is brief. There is a need to understand patients' experiences of communication to ensure person-centered communication during treatment.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore how patients experience communication with healthcare professionals during their course of treatment in an oncology outpatient clinic to elucidate how their needs for support are met.

Methods
Data were generated through semistructured qualitative interviews in patients with cancer who received treatment in an oncology outpatient clinic (n = 18). Interpretive description methodology and symbolic interactionism inspired the analytical approach.

Results
Three overarching communication categories were generated, namely, verbal practices, relational practices, and nonverbal practices, which reflect distinct characteristics and the quality of the communication. Communication was characterized as being informative, cheerful, and routinized, which the patients found supportive and, contrarily, superficial, task focused, lacking continuity in care, and missing existential dimensions.

Conclusion
The communication practice in the oncology outpatient clinic especially supported patients in managing their treatment and side effects. However, psychological, social, and existential concerns were rarely addressed, requiring the patient to self-manage these issues in everyday life while living with cancer.

Implications for Practice
Patients are socialized by verbal and nonverbal communication practices in the outpatient clinic, which influences their expectations of what to talk about during their treatment. Methods are needed to support person-centered communication in outpatient settings, so patient care needs are met more broadly.
Classification of Mammographic Breast Microcalcifications Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Schönenberger Claudio , Hejduk Patryk , Ciritsis Alexander , Marcon Magda , Rossi Cristina , Boss Andreas 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The goal of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the potential of a deep convolutional neural network (dCNN) to accurately classify microcalcifications in mammograms with the aim of obtaining a standardized observer-independent microcalcification classification system based on the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) catalog.

Materials and Methods
Over 56,000 images of 268 mammograms from 94 patients were labeled to 3 classes according to the BI-RADS standard: “no microcalcifications” (BI-RADS 1), “probably benign microcalcifications” (BI-RADS 2/3), and “suspicious microcalcifications” (BI-RADS 4/5). Using the preprocessed images, a dCNN was trained and validated, generating 3 types of models: BI-RADS 4 cohort, BI-RADS 5 cohort, and BI-RADS 4 + 5 cohort. For the final validation of the trained dCNN models, a test data set consisting of 141 images of 51 mammograms from 26 patients labeled according to the corresponding BI-RADS classification from the radiological reports was applied. The performances of the dCNN models were evaluated, classifying each of the mammograms and computing the accuracy in comparison to the classification from the radiological reports. For visualization, probability maps of the classification were generated.

Results
The accuracy on the validation set after 130 epochs was 99.5% for the BI-RADS 4 cohort, 99.6% for the BI-RADS 5 cohort, and 98.1% for the BI-RADS 4 + 5 cohort. Confusion matrices of the “real-world” test data set for the 3 cohorts were generated where the radiological reports served as ground truth. The resulting accuracy was 39.0% for the BI-RADS 4 cohort, 80.9% for BI-RADS 5 cohort, and 76.6% for BI-RADS 4 + 5 cohort. The probability maps exhibited excellent image quality with correct classification of microcalcification distribution.

Conclusions
The dCNNs can be trained to successfully classify microcalcifications on mammograms according to the BI-RADS classification system in order to act as a standardized quality control tool providing the expertise of a team of radiologists.