bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duckweed Quality Improvement Through Fermentation Using Trichoderma harzianum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Dry Matter, Ash and Crude Fat
Authors: Setiyatwan H , Harlia E , Rusmana D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Duckweed has been used as animal feed which contains high nutrients, ie proteins and amino acids, but the water content is high. This is a limitation in its use Therefore, research was conducted to improve dry matter, mineral content and lower duckweed crude fat content. Duckweed fermentation is divided into two stages, firstly, Trichoderma harzianum (Th) (3x107 spores/100 grams substrate) with added ZnCO3 (186 ppm) and dl-methionine (286 ppm), secondly, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) (3x107 spores/100 grams of a substrate). Completed randomized design (CRD) was used in experimental design with 20 experimental units, the treatments consist of P1 (Fermentation using Th for 1day continued with Sc for 9 days), P2 (Th for 3 days continued with Sc for 7 days), P3 (Th 5 days continued with Sc 5 days), P4 (Th 7 days continued with Sc 3 days), P5 (Th 9 days continued with Sc 1 day) with four replications. Analysis of variance was conducted to know the treatment effect, then followed by the Duncan test to know the difference between treatments. Fermentation using Th and Sc has a significant effect (P<0.05) on dry matter, ash, and crude fat in the duckweed. The best duration of fermentation is Th for 3 days and Sc for 7 days (P2) that increasing dry matter (92.95%) and ash (21.35%), and lower crude fat (2.37%). Duckweed fermentation with the combination of Th for 3 days and continued Sc for 7 days with added dl-methionine and Zn yield the highest dry matter and ash content, and lowest crude fat contents.
Relationship of Free Fatty Acid and Natural Autoantibodies 2 Weeks Postpartum
Authors: Mayasari N , Chen J , Kemp B , Parmentier H , Van Knegsel A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Natural autoantibodies (NAAb) have been found in plasma and milk of dairy cows. Natural autoantibodies maintain homeostasis and may prevent infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between concentration of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and the levels of NAAb in plasma binding glutamate dehydrogenase (GD) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) in cows 2 weeks after calving. In total, 55 Holstein-Friesian dairy with 60-d dry period lengths and fed 2 early lactation diets (glucogenic or lipogenic). Blood was sampled at week 1 and 2 after calving. Result showed that from week 1 and 2 relative to calving, levels of IgG and IgM binding CA were positively related with concentration of FFA in plasma. Levels of IgM binding GD were negatively related with concentration of FFA in plasma. It is concluded that IgG and IgM binding CA in plasma might be an indicator for energy status and reflect metabolic status in dairy cows 2 weeks after calving.
Effects of Addition of Noni Fruit Juice (Morinda Citrifolia) Into Drinking Water on Final Body Weight, Carcass Percentage, Abdominal Fat and Meat Cholesterol of Sentul Debu Chicken Phase Growth
Authors: Widjastuti T , Abun  , Setiawan I , Indrawati  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of research to determine the effect of addition Noni fruit juice into drinking water on body weight, percentage of carcass, abdominal fat and meat cholesterol on sentul debu chicken phase growth. The research used 120 day old chicks of Sentul chicken and were raised until 12 weeks old. The research were conducted using a completely randomized design with six levels of noni fruit juice into the drinking water, P0 (without the addition of noni juice into drinking water), P1 (1 ml of noni juice/1 liter of drinking water), P2 (2 ml of noni juice/1 liter of drinking water), P3 (3 ml of noni juice/1 liter of drinking water, P4 (4 ml of noni juice/1 liter of drinking water and P5 (5 ml of noni juice/1 liter of drinking water) and four replications, each replication consisted of five sentul chickens. The observed variables were final body weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat and meat cholesterol on sentul chicken. Data were statistically analyzed for variance using a Duncan’s Multiple Range test. The results showed that the addition of noni juice until 3 ml/1liter into drinking water gave no significant effect on the final body weight, percentage of carcass and abdominal fat and meat cholesterol,but the addition of noni juice 4 -5 ml into drinking water was decreases the final body weight, carcass percentage and meat cholesterol of sentul chicken. It can be concluded that the addition of noni juice into drinking until 3 ml/1 liter the best result on final body weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat and meat cholesterol Sentul Debu chicken phase growth.
Allelopathic Screening of Several Weed Species as Potential Bioherbicides
Authors: Erida G , Saidi N , Hasanuddin  , Syafruddin  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Many plants that are considered to be weeds have the potential to exhibit allelopathy; they might therefore be used as a herbicides to control other weeds. The aim of this study was to identify the best potential bioherbicide against spiny Amaranthus spinosus growth at various concentrations from among five weed species: Imperata cylindrica, Cyperus rotundus, Chromolaena odorata, Ageratum conyzoides, and Axonopus compressus. The study followed a non-factorial, completely randomized design, examining 17 treatments with three replicates. Extracts of the leaves, tuber, and/or rhizome of the five sample plants were obtained using maceration and were applied to the indicator weed A. spinosus at concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30%. A synthetic herbicide (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid at 0.686 kg/ha) was used as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. The application of allelopathic extracts of the weeds at various concentrations significantly affected the height growth rate, the percentage of weed control, leaf area, root length, and shoot and root dry weight growth of A. spinosus. The greatest inhibition on A. spinosus growth at 7 days after application was observed with a 20% concentration of A. conyzoides, followed by 20% concentrations of C. rotundus, C. odorata.
Problems of Pests and Diseases on “Liberika Tungkal Komposit” Coffee in Peatlands, Jambi Province
Authors: Meilin A , Handoko S , Rubiana R , Rustam  , Endrizal  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Coffee of Liberika Tungkal Komposit (Libtukom) is a superior commodity that adapts well to the peatlands in West Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province. Libtukom coffee, which has a distinctive flavor, is the main source of income for the community in Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency. The problems in the cultivation of Libtukom coffee include pests and diseases. This study aimed to provide information on the type of pests and diseases that attack Libtukom coffee. The study was conducted in March-September 2017. Data were obtained from direct observation (primary data) and other sources (secondary data). Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that some of the pests that attack Libtukom Coffee were coffee fruit borer, white lice, and stem borer, with intensity of mild-moderate attacks. Diseases that can infect leaves Libtukom Coffee were mainly (rust and red rust) and roots (root fungi). White root fungus attack is the main problem of Libtukom coffee in peatland, Jambi Province. Farmers generally recognize the root fungus infection, which was already found in more than 30% of the plant population.
Effects of Dosage and Application Frequency of Microbial Consortium Mixed with Animal Manure on Bacterial Wilt and Late Blight Diseases of Potato
Authors: Istifadah N , Fatiyah N , Fitriatin B N , Djaya L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Major constraints in potato production includes bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) and late blight disease (Phytophthora infestans). To support environmentally-friendly agricultural system, a microbial consortium containing Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and non pathogenic Pseudomonas sp. has been studied for biocontrol plant diseases in horticultural crops. For application, the microbial consortium was mixed with organic matters (10%, v/v). The objective of this research was to obtain dosage and application frequency of microbial consortia mixed with chicken manure for controlling bacterial wilt disease and their effects on airborne disease, late blight disease, in potato. The experimental design used was Randomized complete design with 10 treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of application of the mixture in planting hole at the dosage of 25, 50 or 100 g solely or in combination with drenching the water suspension of the mixture weekly or every two weeks. The results showed that the dosage and application frequency of the microbial consortia mixed with chicken manure influenced their abilities in suppressing the bacterial wilt disease in potato. The application of the mixture at planting hole with the dosage of 50 g per plant followed by drenching the water suspension of the mixture every week suppressed the bacterial wilt disease by 75.0 - 81.9%.
The Effect of Ozone to The Characteristic of Peeled Onion during Storage at Low Temperature
Authors: Djali M , Setiasih I S , Sukarminah E , Rialita T , Cahyana Y , Andoyo R , Mardawati E , Hanidah I , Ihsan M M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The physical, chemical, microbiological and organoleptic characteristics of peeled onion have decreased during storage. The alternative technology to maintain the characteristics of peeled onion was ozonation technology. The aim of this research was to determine the characteristic of peeled shallot ?? (shallot or onion, should be consistent) which treated with or without ozone and its characteristics during storage at 5±20C. The ozonation used bubbling method with ozonizer TIP-01. The research method used was regression and correlation analysis. This experiment consisted of 4 treatments, without ozonation which was not packaged and packed with clingwrap plastic and 0,8 ppm ozonation result which was not packaged and packed with clingwrap plastic (should improve the English and rewrite again). The analysis was carried out for 15 days with intervals of time every 3 days. The results showed that the peeled red onion with ozone concentration of 0,8 ppm and packed in plastic clingwrap changed its physical characteristics, chemical, microbiological and organoleptic slower than the peeled onion without ozonation and packed with plastic clingwrap. The peeled Onion with ozonation of 0,8 ppm and packed with clingwrap plastic lost its weight by 4,51%. The color was bright brownish red (L*: 52,52, a*: 12,65, b*: -3,2), VRS levels decreased by 10,29 µgr/g and the total number of microorganisms decreased by 1,17 log CFU/g. The overall color, aroma, and appearance were not favored by panelists with consecutive values of 2,80; 2,87; 3,0 respectively. The peeled Onion without ozonation that was not packed with clingwrap plastic experienced weight loss by 12.30%. The color was bright red brown (L*: 60, a*: 8,34, b*: -065). VRS levels decreased by 7,78 µg/g and the total number of microorganisms increased by 9,38 log CFU/g. The overall Color, aroma, appearance was not favored by panelists with consecutive values of 1,73; 1,87; 1,73 consecutively.
Fresh Cheese Probiotic with Local Isolate Lactobacillus casei 2.12 as starter in fermentation
Authors: Putranto W S , Suhartono M T , Kusumaningrum H D , EGiriwono P , Mustopa A Z , Suradi K , Chairunnisa H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The local isolates of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) have not been optimally developed in the cheese making process. The aim of this research was to know the clotting activity and the percentage and characteristics of curd produced during milk fermentation using local isolate of BAL L casei 2.12. The results showed that during 12 hours incubation the value of milk clotting activity (MCA) was 8.33 SU / mL, the curd percentage was 12.5% (w / v) with curd firmness (++++) very good and Total Plate Count 1.14. 109 cfu / g. These results indicate the use of L casei 2.12 as a starter LAB probiotic capable of causing coagulation of casein and produce fresh cheese probiotic.
A Study of Effect Agribusiness Micro Finance for Beef Cattle Farmers in South Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Asnawi A , Amrawaty A A , Nirwana  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The low access to finance institution is one of the obstacles faced by beef cattle farmers in the rural area. The cause were the high interest rates, collateral, lack of information, inadequate credit supply, long procedures and a relatively long distance between farmers and finance institution. The existence of Agribusiness Micro finance Institutions in Indonesia is one of the steps taken to overcome the constraints access financing faced by the community in the rural area. The study examined the effect of Agribusiness Micro finance Institution beef cattle farmers in rural areas in South Sulawesi. The study used descriptive research. The convenient sampling procedure was used to select eighty beef cattle farmers. Data were generated through questionnaire and interview, then used descriptive and descriptive statistics analysis. The findings in this study were agrobusiness microfinance institutions increasing access to capital for beef cattle farmers, empowering farmer group members and increasing their involvement in farmer group activities, raising farmers awareness to allocate their savings for farmers group interest. Thus the micro agribusiness microfinance institution has had a positive impact on the economic life of the community farmer in the rural area.
Consumption Patterns of Urban Household: Case in Sarimas Regency, Sukamiskin, Bandung
Authors: Hapsari H , Sukayat Y , Djuwendah E , Deliana Y , Sulistyowati L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Red chili was a strategic food commodity. Demand for red chili tends to increase, while production and prices fluctuate so as to affect the inflation rate was quite significant. Information about red chili consumer behavior can be used for product planning and price control. The purpose of this research was to know (1) the characteristics of red chili consumers, (2) the consumption pattern of red chili on household, and (3) the correlation between consumer characteristic and red chili consumption pattern. The research method was descriptive survey. Data collection with structured interviews and observation. Data analysis with cross tabulation and chi-square correlation test. Respondents were 69 housewives. The results showed all respondents used red chili for daily cooking. Average family income was 3-5 million/month. The pattern of red chili consumption was relatively stable on ordinary days and increased on feast days. There was a significant correlation between the number of families and the spicy taste with the consumption of red chili.
Value Chain Financing in Coffee Agribusines (the Case of a Cooperative in Pangalengan, West Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Karyani T , Djuwendah E , Kusno K , Hermita A S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Economic globalization encourages coffee farmers to prepare themselves to adapt and compete. In dealing with this issue, Margamulya Coffee Farmer Group has transformed into a cooperative under the name of the Margamulya Coffee Producers Cooperative (MCPC). MCPC sold 80% of its coffee production to PT Taman Delta Indonesia (PT TDI) and was committed to its permanent supplier. In fulfilling its role as coffee suppliers, farmers were faced with a lot of capital needs to produce quality coffee. MCPC needs capital to pay farmers cherry as well as processing and marketing costs. This study aims to describe the coffee value chain in MCPC, to identify the perpetrators and their business processes, and to design financing pattern suitable for farmers and MCPC. The method used was case study at MCPC using value stream mapping technique. The results show that there are two value chains in coffee agribusiness in MCPC while the actors in the chain consist of Farmer-Cooperative-Exporter and Farmers-Cooperatives-Retail (café/others). The business process in farmers remained in coffee producing, while the cooperatives focused on processing and marketing. The result of this study shows that the proposed financing model of value chain financing for its success requires the involvement of stakeholders from outside the supply chain. Value chain financing for structured markets gives more guarantee of business sustainability due to market certainty and price. This encourages farmers to maintain both the quantity and quality of their coffee products.
Nutrients and Anti-nutrients Content Analysis of Bogor Taro Mutant Clone (Colocasia esculenta)
Authors: Nurilmala F , Mardiana D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bogor Taro is an important local staple food, a potential substitute to rice as carbohydrate source in Indonesia. However, its production in the last decade tends to decline due to unsuccessful breeding program. Taro contains both nutrients (carbohydrate) and anti-nutrients, such as calcium oxalate that cause itching sensations when consumed. At present, through somaclonal variation technology by gamma radiation, six mutant-clones have been produced. We investigated technology to improve carbohydrate content and to depress calcium oxalate on the six mutant-clones available. We used iodometric titration to examine carbohydrate levels, permanganometric titration to measure calcium oxalate levels, argentometric titration to determine cyanide acid levels, and extraction method-gravimetric for saponins. We found, there were three mutant clones which have higher carbohydrate and lesser calcium oxalate content compared to the parent, namely B521 (5 Gy gamma radiation), B1023 (10 Gy gamma radiation) and B1511 (15 Gy gamma radiation) clones which will be proliferate to be a superior seeds.
Hydrodynamic design of rotor blades of marine current turbines
Authors: Arribas F Perez 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The utilisation of marine current turbines with horizontal axis for electrical power production offers a sustainable and clean option to augment traditional energy technologies and enhance the expansion of renewable energies in the marine field. Some prototypes of these turbines are now available and operating. The advantages of tidal currents for renewable energies when compared with wind resources are that sea water is about 800 times denser that air (and the extracted energy is proportional to density) and the nature of currents that results in a more predictable resource than wind resources. But these advantages set certain limitations and technical problems, some of them related with the hydrodynamic design of rotor blades since the design of a marine turbine is some kind different of the techniques used for wind turbines. Methodologies need be established to describe the physical and operational performance of the turbines, allowing their design to be investigated and performance evaluated. This paper describes the hydrodynamics of rotor design that is projected in order to extract the maximum power from the tide. The blade element momentum theory is used for the rotor modelling, different aspects and limitations of this approach when applied to marine rotor design are commented, and examples are presented.
Solar Water Purification at Night: design of a suitable heat pump
Authors: Alkilani F M , Kanyarusoke K E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper is about a method to enhance solar water still productivities we build on previous efforts by the Solar Engineering team at our university and on those by others elsewhere, to introduce a design that enables sustained solar distillation even in cloudy and night time conditions. Water is a most essential requisite for life as we know it on this planet. It plays a crucial role in the welfare of societies around the globe and affects the sustenance and stabilization of every living thing. However, despite the fact that it covers 70% of the Earth’s surface, only 2.5% of what is available, is suitable for human consumption. The balance 97.5% is either too salty or too contaminated. Even the 2.5% can be subject to micro-bio contamination during the collection, distribution and storage stages. It is therefore imperative to decontaminate it before drinking it. Because previous work on solar water purification relied only on the thermal effect of sunlight, it suffered serious loss of productivity during cloudy and night time conditions. Also, the purifiers had big thermal inertias because of the high specific heat capacity of water, leading to delayed onset of distillation when the sun reappeared. In the present work, we address these problems by use of supplementary heating from stored solar energy in form of electricity, but this time enhanced by the heat pump effect of refrigeration systems. Moreover, the design introduced, significantly lowers the top glazing temperature, increasing distillation rate, while also reducing energy losses to the atmosphere. Preliminary results from the prototype show a more than 100% rise of daily pure water collection at a heat pumping coefficient of performance varying between 2.3 and 4.1. It is concluded that this is a significant contribution to the technology of solar water purification.
Design and Performance of a 1.5 axis Sun tracking Concentrated Photovoltaic System
Authors: Nteka N E , Kanyarusoke K E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper reports the design and testing of a concentrated solar photovoltaic thermal (CSPVT) system. The system consists of the PV panel, its cooling system, the parabolic concentrator, and the sun tracking mechanism. Photo Voltaic Thermal (PVT) systems are already a promising technique for improving energy yields and efficiencies of PV panels. The current work adds a concentration effect to make further improvements, especially on yields. Unlike the case of other research which uses plane mirrors along the sides of PV panels, this work employs a single parabolic reflector of concentration ratio 1.3, integrated with the panel mounting. A cooling system is also integrated with the mounting, so that the specially designed sun tracking mechanism turns the entire assembly, keeping both panel and reflector facing the sun without affecting the coolant flow in the adjoining pipes. This is one of the novelties of this work. We use vertical axis tracking but with seasonal adjustment of tilt. Hence the 1.5 axis in the title of this paper. Southern hemisphere spring tests in Cape Town showed a 60.2% electric power gain when compared with yields from an identical fixed panel. We also develop and test a MATLAB program using actual weather data for the experimentation period, and do a TRNSYS simulation using the software’s embedded TMY (typical meteorological year) weather data for the period. We find MATLAB results to be closer to experimental ones, while TRNSYS ones are not far out on totals. We conclude that CSPVT has much potential to increase both yields and efficiencies. In addition, we suggest that TRNSYS simulation would probably be most useful in cases where actual weather data is not available.