bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breaking through the barriers to recruit research participants in community settings: a qualitative exploration using the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behaviour Change Wheel
Authors: Rose Jennie , Akister Jane , Maxton Fiona , Redsell Sarah Anne 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Recruitment of pregnant or postnatal women and young families into health research is a challenge. Community midwives and health visitors are well placed to invite service users to participate, but evidence suggests that they do not always invite all potentially eligible service users. Our aim was to use the Theoretical Domains Framework to explore health visitors’ and community midwives’ perceived barriers and enablers to approaching service users about participation in research and to use the Behaviour Change Wheel to suggest theory-based strategies to improve future recruitment. Methods Health visitors and community midwives working in four NHS Trusts and one community partnership in England were invited to complete an anonymous, online survey. The sample comprised health visitors (n=39) and community midwives (n=22). Qualitative data from open-ended questions about recruitment behaviour informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework were analysed using directed content analysis and inductive coding to identify salient Theoretical Domains Framework domains and specific barriers and enablers. Strategies to address these barriers and enablers were identified using the Behaviour Change Wheel. Results Six key Theoretical Domains Framework domains were identified as salient to service user approach: (a) environmental context and resources; (b) social/professional role and identity; (c) social influences; (d) goals; (e) beliefs about capabilities; (f) knowledge. Intervention strategies were identified to address specific barriers (insufficient time and staff capacity, inadequate study materials, rejection of the study’s relevance to practitioners’ role, negative influence of researchers and managers, and competing priorities) and to leverage specific enablers (additional staff resource, the relevance of service user approach to professional role, positive influence of team members, managers and researchers, and a belief in the link between service user approach and improvements in healthcare). Conclusions This study provides new insights into why community midwives and health visitors do, and do not, invite service users to participate in research. Using the Theoretical Domains Framework and the Behaviour Change Wheel we identified that resourcing and social support for staff together with education and communication about the health benefits of approaching service users about research participation are key to improving research recruitment involving these health professionals.
CT scores predict mortality in 2019-nCoV pneumonia
Authors: Xie Yun , Yang Luyu , Dong Hui , Peng Hu , Yu Yuetian , Tu Guowei , Li Qingyun , Fu Shouzhi , Wang Ruilan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: While 2019-nCoV nucleic acid swab tests has high false positives rate, How to diagnose 2019-nCoV pneumonia and predict prognosis by CT is very important.
Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, we consecutively included suspected 2019-nCoV pneumonia critical cases in the intensive care unit of Wuhan third hospital from January 31, 2020 to February 16, 2020. The cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR, and all patients were evaluated with CT, cutoff values were obtained according to the Yoden index, and were divided into high CT score group and low CT score group. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected.
Results: The major imaging feature of 2019-nCoV pneumonia is the ground glass opacity (GGO). Multivariate regression analysis found that CT score and absolute count of lymphocytes were independent risk factor for death, and CT score predicted mortality AUC-ROC =0.7, cutoff=1.45. When the absolute count of lymphocytes decreased, the patient's CT also deteriorated.
Conclusion: CT score and absolute count of lymphocytes were independent risk factor for death, and patients with high CT score may have a worse prognosis. Lower absolute count of lymphocytes may indicated the patient's CT also deteriorated.
The long non-coding RNA MEG3 plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone
Authors: Qian Changlin , Liu Hua , Qiu Weijing , Zhang Jie , Shen Zhiyong , Zhang Yongjie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Cholesterol gallstone (CG) is the most common gallstone disease, which is induced by biliary cholesterol supersaturation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pathogenesis of CG. Methods: Sixteen mice were equally and randomly divided into model group and normal control group. The model group was fed with lithogenic diets to induce CG, and then gallbladder bile lipid analysis was performed. After RNA-seq library was constructed, differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) between model group and normal control group were analyzed by DESeq2 package. Using clusterProfiler package, enrichment analysis for the DE-mRNAs was carried out. Based on Cytoscape software, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network were built. Results: The mouse model of CG was successfully established, and then 181 DE-mRNAs and 33 DE-lncRNAs between model and normal groups were selected. For the down-regulated SCP2 , lipid hydroperoxide transport was enriched. Moreover, KDM4A was selected as a hub node in the PPI network, and MEG3 was taken as a key lncRNA in the regulatory network. Additionally, the miR-107-5p/miR-149-3p/miR-346-3p—MEG3 regulatory pairs and MEG3—PABPC4/CEP131/NUMB1 co-expression pairs existed in the regulatory network. Conclusion: These RNAs might be related to the pathogenesis of CG.
Medial temporal tau can be a predictor for amyloid-ß positivity in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Cho Hanna , Baek Min Seok , Lee Hye Sun , Choi Jae Yong , Lee Jae Hoon , Ryu Young Hoon , Lee Myung Sik , Lyoo Chul Hyoung 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction Although both amyloid-ß (Aß) and tau positron emission tomography (PET) are important for the assessment of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, obtaining two PET scans can be challenging in clinical practice. We sought to determine whether Aß-positivity in MCI patients can be predicted with only a single tau PET scan. Methods We prospectively recruited 105 MCI patients and performed two PET scans with 18 F-florbetaben and 18 F-flortaucipir with all patients. Regional 18 F-flortaucipir standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) were measured using FreeSurfer-generated volumes-of-interest and with the cerebellar crus median as a reference. Results We classified 49 (46.7%) MCI patients as Aß-positive using visual assessment. In 12 regions showing greater tau uptake in the MCI-Aβ+ patients compared to the MCI-Aβ- patients, tau uptake in the entorhinal cortex showed the greatest area under the curve (AUC) value (AUC = 0.835, sensitivity/specificity = 73.5% /85.7%) for discriminating Aß-positivity. The second and third largest AUCs were obtained with tau uptake in the amygdala (AUC = 0.814, sensitivity/specificity = 65.3%/94.6%) and the parahippocampal cortex (AUC = 0.802, sensitivity/specificity = 67.4%/91.1%). However, post-hoc analyses revealed no statistical differences between the three regions. Conclusions Single tau PET scans may be helpful in the evaluation of disease state and stage at the same time in MCI patients.
Clinical and CT Findings of Adenovirus Pneumonia in Immunocompetent Adults, a Two-center Retrospectively Observation
Authors: Zhang Peiyao , Liu Min , Zhang Ling , Guo Xiaojuan , Lu Binghuai , Wang Yimin , Zhan Qingyuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Adenovirus pneumonia account for 5%–10% of respiratory tract infections in children. However, it is rarely observed in immunocompetent patients. We sought to describe clinical and CT characteristics of community-acquired Adenovirus pneumonia in immunocompetent adults.Methods: 20 patients with clinically diagnosed adenovirus pneumonia from two hospitals were retrospectively included from January 2018 to December 2019. Medical records and chest CT of all patients were reviewed and summarized.Results: A total of 20 patients who were consisted of 18 men and 2 women with a median age of 36 years-old (range, 18-48). The clinical findings of patients with adenovirus pneumonia is high fever (>39oC) with the normal white blood cell (WBC) count and decreased Lymphocyte and elevated C-reactive protein. 10 cases complicated with mycoplasma infection when admission. Staphylococcus epidermidis was found in blood culture of 2 patients. CT findings included consolidation in all patients, ground glass opacity (GGO) in 13 patients, and pleural effusion in 12 patients. 13 patients were mechanically ventilated and 2 patients died during hospitalization.Conclusions: The most frequent finding of adenovirus pneumonia on CT was consolidation in the early stage. In adult patients with high fever, normal WBC count and decreased Lymphocyte, consolidation with/without GGO in the early stage may be a clue for suspecting adenovirus pneumonia.
Marked Reduction in 28-Day Mortality among Elderly Patients with Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Post Hoc Analysis of XueBiJing Injection Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang Chi , Li Chengyu , Bai Chunxue , Shang Hongcai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background There were a few studies on the case mortality of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in elderly people. Improved outcomes with XueBiJing (XBJ) Injection versus placebo have been shown in overall trial populations. We investigated the efficacy and safety of XBJ versus placebo in subjects with severe CAP stratified by age (<65 and ≥ 65 years). Methods This post hoc analysis of a large randomized trial compared data from elder and nonelderly patients with XBJ, 100 ml, q12h, or a visually indistinguishable placebo for 5-7 days. Results Among subjects ≥65 years (n=291), 23 (16.0%) XBJ recipients and 41 (27.9%) placebo recipients ( P =0.014) died within 28 days. Among subjects <65 years (n=360), XBJ still had lower mortality (XBJ 15.6% verse placebo 22.8%; P =0.082), without significantly statistical difference. Total duration of ICU stay and the time of mechanical ventilation were similar in both groups ( P > 0.05). XBJ also had a favorable safety profile, with no clinically relevant differences between two groups. The overall incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups. Conclusions XBJ was safe and effective for reduction in 28-day mortality among elderly patients with severe CAP. Additional trials involving elderly patients are needed to further confirm the present results.
Effect of highly active anti-retroviral treatment on TB incidence among HIV infected children and their clinical profile, retrospective Cohort study, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Tiyare Firew Tiruneh , Deyas Yared Deyas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Children younger than 15 years, carries almost 80% of the global burden of HIV/ AIDS. Nearly, 50% of cases of tuberculosis are attributed to HIV infection. HIV worsen the progression of latent TB to active TB disease. Despite antiretroviral treatment has shown marked reduction in Tuberculosis incidence , TB continues to occur in Sub Saharan country including Ethiopia. The effect of highly active antiretroviral treatment is quite successful in developed country while in developing country TB/HIV co-infection remains perplexing among children on the treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of ART on the incidence of tuberculosis among Children infected with HIV in southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on randomly selected 800 samples from ART clinic; between 2009 to 2014. We used chi-square test, and Mann-WhitneyU test to compare HAART naïve and HAART cohort. We used marginal structural models to estimate the effect of HAART on survival while accounting for time-dependent confounders affected by exposure. Result: A total of 844 children were followed for 2942.99 child-years. The children were observed for a median of 51 months with IQR 31 and for a total of 2942.99 child-years. From 506 OIs that occurred, the most common reported OIs were Pneumonia (22%) and TB (23.6 %). The overall TB incidence rate was 7.917 per 100 child years (95% CI, 6.933-9.002). Whereas among HAART (7.667 per 100 -years (95% CI, 6.318-9.217) and 8.1686 per 100 person-years (95% CI 6.772-9.767) for HAART naïve. The mortality hazard ratio comparing HAART with no HAART from a marginal structural model was 0.642 (95% CI 0.442-0.931, p<0.02) Conclusions: HAART reduced the hazard of TB in HIV-infected children by 36%. This is by far less than expected. Key Words- TB incidence, HAART, Clinical Profile ted children by 36%. This is by far less than expected. Key Words- TB incidence, HAART, Clinical Profile
Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 Represses CYP3A29 Expression in the Intestine through the TLR1/2-induced A20 to attenuate the NF-κB/RXR-α Signaling
Authors: He Yucheng , Li Yue , Gong Yinghui , Wang Ying , Jin Xiue , Shi Deshi , Wang Xiliang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background CYP3A29 is crucial for drug metabolism in pigs and an important research model of human CYP3A4. Recent studies have shown that some probiotics can regulate the expression of CYP3A in mammals, but the mechanisms underlying their action are unclear. This study explored whether Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 could modulate the expression of CYP3A29 in pig intestine and potential mechanisms. Results we found that HDRsEf1 significantly reduced CYP3A29 expression in pig intestinal tissues and epithelial cells, dependent on cell-cell contact. In IPEC-J2 cells, HDRsEf1 treatment decreased the transcription activity of the CYP3A29 promoter, RXR-α expression and abrogated or mitigated the RXR-α or PXR over-expression-increased CYP3A29 expression. Both RXR-α/PXR over-expression synergistically increased CYP3A29 expression while RXR-α or PXR silencing reduced CYP3A29 expression. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that RXR-α directly interacted with PXR. HDRsEf1, like a NF-kB inhibitor, significantly decreased the NF-kBp65 activation, RXR-α and CYP3A29 expression, which were abrogated by RXR-α silencing. The down-regulated CYP3A29 expression by HDRsEf1 was associated with increased A20 expression, which were abrogated by TLR1/2 silencing. Conclusions HDRsEf1 inhibits the expression of CYP3A29 through the TLR1/2-induced A20 to attenuate the NF-κB/RXR-α signaling in pig intestinal tissues. Our findings may provide new insights into the mechanisms by which probiotics regulate the expression of CYP450s, and suggest potential risks in the clinical application of probiotics
GnRH-a induced changes in endometrial pinopodes
Authors: Zhou Weiqin , Li Dawei , Ziwei Zhao , Pan Yanping , Jiang Yali , Zhu Chunrong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Our aim was to study the effect of GnRH-a on pinopodes during luteal phase support and explore the possible mechanism. Forty women with primary infertility due to male factors were enrolled for ART, and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Seven days after ovulation, the experimental group received a subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg GnRH-a, while the control group received a subcutaneous injection of 2 ml of 0.9% saline. Serum progesterone levels in the experimental group were significantly ( P < 0.05) higher 3 days after compared with before treatment, and were higher ( P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Protein expression levels of the progesterone receptor in the experimental group were significantly ( P < 0.05) lower after compared with before treatment, and lower than the control group ( P < 0.05). The number of pinopodes and the percentage of pinopode maturation were significantly higher in the experimental compared with control group ( P < 0.05). The luteal support provided by GnRH-a may act through the corpus luteum, which may promote the secretion of progesterone, down-regulate progesterone receptor expression, increase the growth of pinopodes and improve endometrial receptivity, which ultimately increase the rates of clinical pregnancy, continuous pregnancy and live birth.
Anesthesia for resection of the trachea without its intubation
Authors: Kovalev M. G. , Akopov A. L. , Polushin Yu. S. , Geroeva A. N. , Krivov V. O. , Gerasin A. V. , Ilyin A. A. , Kazakov N. V. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction. Currently, there is a tendency for a number of post-intubation patients to develop post-tracheostomic cicatricial stenosis of the trachea. This dictates a need for the improvement of surgical and anaesthesiologic approaches to intubation management. Objective: Analysis of the speciﬁc parameters of anesthesia for cervical tracheal resection in patients with stenosis of the trachea without its intubation.Subjects and methods. We analyzed 12 cases of circular resection of the trachea due to benign stenosis. The degree of anesthetic risk was as follows: 11 patients – ASA 3, 1 patient – ASA 4. Tracheal stenosis persisted for 14±6 months before it was resected (Me 4, Min 1, Max 67). The length of the resected part of the trachea was 27±3 mm (Me 25, Min 15, Max 40), duration of surgery – 159±9 min (Me 160, Min 65, Max 240). The anesthesia strategy included the insertion of the I-Gel supraglottic airway device with a jet ventilation catheter put through the I-Gel. Temporary stenting of the stenosis zone of the trachea before surgery (if necessary) instead of bougienate was an important component of the anesthesia strategy. Mandatory use of sedation (dexmedetomidine) is suggested before and within 12 hours after surgery.Results. This strategy can be successfully implemented if the minimum diameter of the tracheal stenosis exceeds 7 mm (the jet ventilation catheter is necessary to be applied through this lumen and a ﬁne bronchoscope used to monitor the state of the catheter tip). Preliminary stenting with metal stents was performed in 5 patients. The I-Gel lumen was wide enough to manipulate a ﬂexible endoscope, a catheter guide was inserted for jet ventilation, and then the catheter itself was placed. The use of high-frequency ventilation mask it advisable to ensure adequate gas exchange at all stages of the surgery. Sedation with dexmedetomidine reduced the patient’s discomfort after the surgery due to the ﬁxation of the patient’s head with stitches in a “nodding” position, which reduced anastomosis tension. In all 12 patients, this anesthesia strategy was successful and provided a more favorable environment for surgeons compared to the classical approach with the use of an endotracheal tube. In all patients, anastomosis healed by primary tension with no complications.Conclusion. The use of a supraglottic airway device, dexmedetomidine, and temporary stenting of the stenotic part of the trachea allow the surgeon to avoid tracheal intubation during circular resection and expand the range of anesthesiological tools during tracheal surgery.
Manejo de Variedades Tradicionais de Milho em Comunidades de Agricultores Familiares no Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Hoffmann Marta , Sena José Ozinaldo Alves de 
Published: March 2020

Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer e compreender as práticas de manejo de variedades tradicionais de milho adotadas em comunidades de agricultores familiares – assentados da reforma agrária e indígenas Guarani Kaiowá – nos municípios de Sidrolândia, Juti e Dourados, no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram observadas e analisadas as práticas culturais nas seguintes etapas de desenvolvimento: a semente; o preparo do solo; o plantio do milho; os tratos culturais; seleção de germoplasma; a colheita e usos do milho; e o armazenamento do germoplasma. Embora estas comunidades resistam na conservação das variedades tradicionais de milho a contaminação por transgênicos e os desequilíbrios ambientais são ameaças constantes à conservação destas variedades. Para tanto se faz necessário o estabelecimento de parcerias entre instituições, bem como de um fórum amplo no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul visando a construção de propostas e ações para proteção e conservação da agrobiodiversidade deste estado.
Contribuição da Opinião Pública na Construção de Novos Espaços Urbanos Sustentáveis
Authors: Dorici Mariana , Moschini Luiz Eduardo 
Published: March 2020

A gestão urbana sustentável depende da criação de uma democracia participativa, pois, a falta de representatividade democrática compromete a capacidade de atuação e resposta às demandas sociais. Assim, este trabalho objetivou analisar a percepção dos moradores de dois setores censitários do município de São Carlos sobre o espaço em que habitam, buscando elencar pontos importantes para desenvolvimento de cidades mais sustentáveis e discutir a relevância da opinião pública para construção desses novos espaços urbanos. Foram utilizados dados secundários disponibilizados pelo IBGE, GPS de mapeamento Trimble modelo Juno SA, o software ArcGIS® 10.2 e questionários para análise da percepção dos moradores. A participação social e a democracia participativa tornam-se elementos de suma importância na construção do planejamento e gestão adequada e devem ser estudadas da maneira mais aprofundada possível para que sejam garantidas e para que subsidiem corretamente a construção das cidades, pois, a demanda particular dos habitantes muda de um local para outro e a sua análise é tão ou mais importante que a definição de modelos pré-estabelecidos e rígidos propostos por outras realidades que não a do local em estudo.
PENGARUH METODE SOSIALISASI ORANGTUA DAN KONTROL DIRI TERHADAP KARAKTER SOPAN SANTUN REMAJA
Authors: Wardah Farhatil , Hastuti Dwi , Krisnatuti Diah 
Published: March 2020

Adolescent is a transition period with developmental tasks of gaining a social role and emotional freedom from parents, but adolescent still cannot control themselves well. This study examines gender differences between boys and girls in parents socialization method, self control and their influence on manners character of adolescence. This study used a cross-sectional research design. A diverse sample of junior high school students (n=187; 87 boys and 100 girls) were selected considering proportionate random sampling method to answer survey using questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 16.0. Findings of this study suggest that parents socialization method (ρ = 0.323) and self control (ρ=0.401) have positive effects on manners character of adolescence.