bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy is Associated with Increased Cerebral Vascular Resistance. A Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Study
Authors: Ponziani Francesca Romana , Funaro Barbara , Lupascu Andrea , Ainora Maria Elena , Garcovich Matteo , Caracciolo Gianluigi , Quadarella Alessandro , Nesci Antonio , Riccardi Laura , Gasbarrini Antonio , Pompili Maurizio , Zocco Maria Assunta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMinimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a subclinical complication of liver cirrhosis with a relevant social impact. Thus, there is urgent need to implement easy to use diagnostic tools for the early identification of affected patients. The aim of this study was to investigate cerebral blood flow, systemic hemodynamics as well as endothelial function of cirrhotic patients with MHE, and to verify their change after treatment with rifaximin. Fifty cirrhotic patients with or without MHE and an equal number of healthy controls underwent transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), abdominal Doppler ultrasound (US), and measurement of flow mediated dilation (FMD). In cirrhotic patients diagnosed with MHE receiving rifaximin, the tests were repeated at the end of treatment. Middle (MCA) and posterior (PCA) cerebral artery resistive (RI) and pulsatility (PI) indices were higher in cirrhotic patients than controls, as well as renal and splenic artery RI. Conversely, FMD was reduced. MCA-RI and PI were even higher in cirrhotic patients with MHE compared to those without; a MCA-RI cut-off of 0.65 showed an accuracy of 74% in discriminating the presence of MHE, with 65% sensitivity and 76% specificity. Rifaximin treatment showed no efficacy in the modulation of cerebral vascular flow. In conclusion, cirrhotic patients with MHE have significantly increased cerebral vascular resistances that are not improved by rifaximin treatment. MCA-RI measurement has a good accuracy for the diagnosis of MHE and can be useful for the early identification of this harmful complication of liver cirrhosis.
Longest terrestrial migrations and movements around the world
Authors: Joly Kyle , Gurarie Eliezer , Sorum Mathew S. , Kaczensky Petra , Cameron Matthew D. , Jakes Andrew F. , Borg Bridget L. , Nandintsetseg Dejid , Hopcraft J. Grant C. , Buuveibaatar Bayarbaatar , Jones Paul F. , Mueller Thomas , Walzer Chris , Olson Kirk A. , Payne John C. , Yadamsuren Adiya , Hebblewhite Mark 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLong-distance terrestrial migrations are imperiled globally. We determined both round-trip migration distances (straight-line measurements between migratory end points) and total annual movement (sum of the distances between successive relocations over a year) for a suite of large mammals that had potential for long-distance movements to test which species displayed the longest of both. We found that caribou likely do exhibit the longest terrestrial migrations on the planet, but, over the course of a year, gray wolves move the most. Our results were consistent with the trophic-level based hypothesis that predators would move more than their prey. Herbivores in low productivity environments moved more than herbivores in more productive habitats. We also found that larger members of the same guild moved less than smaller members, supporting the ‘gastro-centric’ hypothesis. A better understanding of migration and movements of large mammals should aid in their conservation by helping delineate conservation area boundaries and determine priority corridors for protection to preserve connectivity. The magnitude of the migrations and movements we documented should also provide guidance on the scale of conservation efforts required and assist conservation planning across agency and even national boundaries.
Using phenotypic distribution models to predict livestock performance
Authors: Lozano-Jaramillo M. , Alemu S. W. , Dessie T. , Komen H. , Bastiaansen J. W. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLivestock production systems of the developing world use indigenous breeds that locally adapted to specific agro-ecologies. Introducing commercial breeds usually results in lower productivity than expected, as a result of unfavourable genotype by environment interaction. It is difficult to predict of how these commercial breeds will perform in different conditions encountered in e.g. sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we present a novel methodology to model performance, by using growth data from different chicken breeds that were tested in Ethiopia. The suitability of these commercial breeds was tested by predicting the response of body weight as a function of the environment across Ethiopia. Phenotype distribution models were built using machine learning algorithms to make predictions of weight in the local environmental conditions based on the productivity for the breed. Based on the predicted body weight, breeds were assigned as being most suitable in a given agro-ecology or region. We identified the most important environmental variables that explained the variation in body weight across agro-ecologies for each of the breeds. Our results highlight the importance of acknowledging the role of environment in predicting productivity in scavenging chicken production systems. The use of phenotype distribution models in livestock breeding is recommended to develop breeds that will better fit in their intended production environment.
Bilingualism and Attention in Typically Developing Children and Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Park Jisook , Miller Carol A. , Sanjeevan Teenu , van Hell Janet G. , Weiss Daniel J. , Mainela-Arnold Elina 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The aim of the current study was to investigate whether dual language experience modulates the efficiency of the 3 attentional networks (alerting, orienting, and executive control) in typically developing (TD) children and in children with developmental language disorder (DLD).

Method

We examined the attentional networks in monolingual and bilingual school-aged children (ages 8–12 years) with and without DLD. TD children (35 monolinguals, 23 bilinguals) and children with DLD (17 monolinguals, 9 bilinguals) completed the Attention Network Test (
Fan et al., 2002
;
Fan, McCandliss, Fossella, Flombaum, & Posner, 2005
).

Results
Children with DLD exhibited poorer executive control than TD children, but executive control was not modified by bilingual experience. The bilingual group with DLD and both TD groups exhibited an orienting effect, but the monolingual group with DLD did not. No group differences were found for alerting.

Conclusions
Children with DLD have weak executive control skills. These skills are minimally influenced by dual language experience, at least in this age range. A potential bilingual advantage in orienting may be present in the DLD group.
An Exploratory Study on Augmentative and Alternative Communication Classroom Integration Training for Special Educators Who Work With Children With Complex Communication Needs in the Bahamas
Authors: Stanford Shameka , Harris Ovetta 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
In 2011, the United Nations estimated there were between 180 and 220 million youth with disabilities living around the world, and 80% of them resided in developing countries. Over the last 6 years, this number has increased significantly, and now, over 1 million people live in the Caribbean with some form of disability such as communication disorders resulting in complex communication needs (CCN).

Method
This publication discusses the benefits of an exploratory, descriptive, nonexperimental study on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) classroom integration training for 8 special educators in the Bahamas who work with children with CCN.

Results
The results of this study revealed that 100% of the participants reported the study to be effective in increasing their knowledge and skill in the area of implementing AAC into their classrooms, enhancing their ability to team teach and incorporate AAC opportunities for all students with CCN within their classrooms, and increasing their knowledge and skill overall in the areas of AAC and CCN.

Conclusion
The findings highlight an important area of potential professional development and training that can be replicated in other English-speaking Caribbean territories focused on AAC classroom integration training program for special educators who teach students with CCN.
12 b 50 MS/s 0.18 μm CMOS SAR ADC based on highly linear C‐R hybrid DAC
Authors: Park J.‐S. , Kim D.‐H. , An T.‐J. , Kim M.‐K. , Ahn G.‐C. , Lee S.‐H. 
Published: October 2019

A 12 b 50 MS/s successive‐approximation register (SAR) ADC with a highly linear C‐R hybrid DAC is presented. The proposed DAC significantly reduces the required total number of unit capacitors by processing the upper bits based on a binary‐weighted capacitor array and the remaining lower bits based on reference segment voltages, which are obtained from a simple resistor string. The reduced number of unit capacitors enables the use of larger unit capacitance, resulting in improved matching accuracy. In the C‐R hybrid DAC, an input range scaling technique, which matches a full‐scale input range to the reference voltage range, implements the binary‐weighted SAR operation without additional capacitors and reference voltages. The DAC linearity is improved considerably through the process‐insensitive capacitor‐array layout, which cancels out oxide‐gradient errors. The prototype ADC in a 0.18 μm CMOS process demonstrates measured differential and integral non‐linearities within 0.71 LSB and 0.85 LSB at 12 b, respectively, with a maximum signal‐to‐noise‐and‐distortion ratio and a spurious‐free dynamic range of 64.3 and 74.7 dB at 50 MS/s, respectively. The ADC occupies an active die area of 0.17 mm2 and consumes 2.63 mA with a 1.8 V supply voltage.
Design of the intelligent energy‐saving cardiotachometer based on Mbed
Authors: Guo Yuxiang , Zhu Chenhui 
Published: October 2019

In order to deal with the shortcomings of a photoelectric mode cardiotachometer, such as wasting energy and slowly refreshing results, this study mainly focuses on a real‐time displayed, portable, low‐cost, and energy‐saving cardiotachometer. The design is based on the Mbed, which is the core microprocessor, controlled and dispatched by the built‐in function. Before filtering and amplifying the electronic signal, the pulse signal is collected by the photoelectronic sensor at the beginning of the whole process of the cardiotachometer. The energy‐saving function can be achieved through audio p‐type metal oxide semiconductor to switch on and off the light‐emitting diode (LED) which is in the sensor. Eventually, the real‐time ratio of the heartbeats and the waveforms can be displayed on the two 8 × 8 LED modules at the same time with overall energy‐saving of about 50%. This design can be applied in many fields focusing on long battery life and portable, especially as a part of a wearable device.
Potenzielle Bedeutung der DARC-Technik für die klinische Neuroprotektion – eine Übersicht
Authors: Pahlitzsch Milena 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Möglichkeit, primäre neuroprotektive Wirkstoffe einsetzen und kontrolliert überwachen zu können, ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz für die künftige Therapiegestaltung in neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen, insbesondere im Glaukom. Bisherige medikamentöse und chirurgische Therapieansätze zielen auf die sekundäre Neuroprotektion durch Augeninnendrucksenkung ab. Bildgebende Verfahren bilden eine essenzielle Grundlage in der Diagnostik und Therapiekontrolle. Die potenzielle Bedeutung der DARC-Technologie (Detection of apoptosing retinal Cells: Visualisierung von retinalen Ganglienzellen durch fluoreszenzmarkiertes Annexin V = ANX776 mithilfe der cSLO-Technologie) im klinischen Alltag liegt in der leichten Umsetzbarkeit. Das notwendige HRT-Gerät steht in vielen großen Augenzentren zur Verfügung und die Untersuchung mit i. v. Gabe des fluoreszierenden Markers ähnelt dem Ablauf einer konventionellen Fluoreszenzangiografie. Eine Limitation stellt vor allem die individuell stark schwankende physiologische Apoptose der humanen retinalen Ganglienzellen dar, die es vor Einsatz im klinischen Alltag in einem Normkollektiv zu standardisieren gilt.
A Compound Isolated from Phyllanthus tenellus Demonstrates Metabolic and Vascular Effects In Vitro
Authors: Estrada Omar , Di Giulio Camilo , Dorta-Ledezma Radharani , Gonzalez-Mujica Freddy , Motta Norma , Zea Elsa , Cupitra Nelson , Contreras Whendy , Narvaez-Sanchez Raúl , Calderón Juan C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCommon chronic conditions such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes are increasingly associated to metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Although Phyllanthus tenellus leaves have been used in decoctions as a popular remedy to control blood glucose levels and hypertension, its use needs a scientific basis. This study was therefore undertaken to report a phytochemical analysis of P. tenellus leaves and to test if the main active compound has potential to simultaneously tackle several pathophysiological features of metabolic syndrome and diabetes-related metabolic and vascular disorders such as hyperglycaemia, increased platelet activation, and endothelial dysfunction. We performed a partition of the methanolic extract of P. tenellus leaves among different organic solvents followed by chromatographic separation guided by the rat liver microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase assay. Two known tannins were identified by spectroscopic methods as pinocembrin-7-O-[3″-O-galloyl-4″,6″-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl]-α-D-glucose, named P7OG by us, and gemin D. The structural determination of the isolated compounds was based on spectral data. The ability of the main active component, P7OG, to inhibit human platelet aggregation and to modify vascular reactivity of rat aortic rings incubated with high glucose (D-glucose 55 mM) was then evaluated. P7OG was further able to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by adenosine 5′-diphosphate and collagen, showed vasorelaxant effects in arteries precontracted with phenylephrine, and reverted the endothelium-dependent impairment effect of high glucose in rat aortic rings. In conclusion, one tannin isolated from P. tenellus showed promising metabolic, antiaggregant, and vascular effects, which suggests the potential beneficial use of P. tenellus to tackle complex cardiometabolic diseases.
Endophytic fungi: definitions, diversity, distribution and their significance in plant life.
Authors: Schouten A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Endophytes are set opposite to pathogens and therefore should colonize plants asymptomatically. However, as will be illustrated, endophytic fungi may behave differently under various biotic and abiotic circumstances, in which the host plant can play a defining role as well. The genetic differences between an endophytic fungus and a phylogenetically related pathogenic fungus may vary significantly. Nevertheless, over the years endophytic fungi have frequently been isolated and never elicit disease symptoms in various host plants. Such true endophytes are considered mutually beneficial; the endophyte, embedded in the stable, protective and resource-rich environment of the host plant, supports the host plant to sustain biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The mechanisms by which endophytic fungi protect the host plant against biotic stress factors are generally diverse because they can directly antagonize pests or pathogens, trigger plant defence mechanisms or do both simultaneously.
Exploring fusion-reactor physics with high-power electron cyclotron resonance heating on ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Stober J , Reisner M , Angioni C , Navarro A Bañón , Bobkov V , Bock A , Denisov G , Fable E , Fischer R , Gantenbein G , Gil L , Görler T , Igochine V , Kasparek W , Leuterer F , Litvak A , McDermott R , Meier A , Monaco F , Münich M , Nichiporenko V , Plaum B , Plank U , Poli E , Popov L , Pütterich Th , Scherer Th , Schubert M , Suttrop W , Tai E , Thumm M , Wagner D , Zohm H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system of the ASDEX Upgrade tokomak has been upgraded over the last 15 years from a 2 MW, 2 s, 140 GHz system to an 8 MW, 10 s, dual frequency system (105/140 GHz). The power exceeds the L/H power threshold by at least a factor of two, even for high densities, and roughly equals the installed ion cyclotron range of frequencies power. The power of both wave heating systems together (>10 MW in the plasma) is about half of the available neutral beam injection (NBI) power, allowing significant variations of torque input, of the shape of the heating profile and of Qe/Qi, even at high heating power. For applications at a low magnetic field an X3-heating scheme is routinely in use. Such a scenario is now also forseen for ITER to study the first H-modes at one third of the full field. This versatile system allows one to address important issues fundamental to a fusion reactor: H-mode operation with dominant electron heating, accessing low collisionalities in full metal devices (also related to suppression of edge localized modes with resonant magnetic perturbations), influence of Te/Ti and rotational shear on transport, and dependence of impurity accumulation on heating profiles. Experiments on all these subjects have been carried out over the last few years and will be presented in this contribution. The adjustable localized current drive capability of ECRH allows dedicated variations of the shape of the q-profile and the study of their influence on non-inductive tokamak operation (so far at q
95 > 5.3). The ultimate goal of these experiments is to use the experimental findings to refine theoretical models such that they allow a reliable design of operational schemes for reactor size devices. In this respect, recent studies comparing a quasi-linear approach (TGLF) with fully non-linear modeling (GENE) of non-inductive high-beta plasmas will be reported.
A Comparison between Different Methods to Study the Supermassive Black Hole Mass - Pitch Angle Relation
Authors: Al-Baidhany Ismaeel A , Chiad Sami S , Jabbar Wasmaa A , Habubi Nadir F , Mubarak Tahseen H , Khadayeir Abdulhussain A , Hassan Ehssan S , Dawood Mohamed O 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this study, we compared the different Methods of determination of SMBH masses to study a correlation between mass of supermassive black hole and spiral arm pitch angle for 41 images of spiral galaxies using Spitzer/IRAS 3.6-µm. We selected four methods to find a determination mass of SMBH. Velocity dispersions (σ) measurements and pitch angle of spiral arm took from the literature. In addition, SMBH masses estimates using a several methods (reverberation mapping RM, stellar dynamics SD, gas dynamics GD) from the literature from. In addition, the determinations of SMBH masses were found using the (MBH-σ) relation. Finally, we compared the (MBH-P) relation for these galaxies using each method with the Seigar’s equation, and found the results to agree for these methods.
Characterization Of Cerment Composite Coating Al2O3-Ni System
Authors: Darweesh Salih Y , Jassim Ismael K , Mahmood Amer SH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper report on the possibility used new technique method by thermal spray coating to produce ceramic-metal coating of nano Al2O3-30%Wt. Ni samples. In this process nano crystalline cermet powders with grain size below 50nm were obtained by mechanical alloying. The steel substrates were degreased and grit blasted with SiC particles to get a mean roughness of 5µm. Experimentally the coating used under the best spraying parameters were deposited on steel substrate with thickness around 1.85mm. This powder and thick coating layers have been characterized by using XRD, SEM, EdS and hardness techniques. The X-ray results show that cerment coating consists a lot of phases such as ɤ-Ni, α-Al2O3 and ɤ-Al2O3 phases. The results also found that the wear resistance is superior, under high load conditions. The improved wear is attributed to the higher values of hardness. Results also show that Nickel was attractive for achieving good self-bonding with ceramic Al2O3 particles for all cerment samples.
Some Results from the Upwinding Compact Scheme on Continuous and Non-continuous Functions
Authors: Abd Salman Al-Dujaly Hassan , Sabri Mustafa A , Hameed Saif Z 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, an 8th order Upwinding Compact Scheme is derived by using the idea of the nth order polynomial. Also, the dissipation and dispersion analysis of the scheme is obtained by Fourier analysis after getting the wave number of the scheme. When applying the proposed scheme on continuous functions, high order of accuracy is achieved with high resolution due to the properties of compact schemes. The idea of WENO smoothness indicator is used to detect discontinuity locations. To overcome the global dependency issue, which causes problems near discontinuities in compact schemes, the technic of the decoupling system is used to switch into a local dependency in non-smooth regions. In this work, the promise and success of the proposed scheme is verified by gaining high order, high resolution, and non-oscillation from various numerical examples. Additionally, there is a plan to confirm the achievement of the present scheme when applying it to multidimensional flows with shock-turbulence interaction problems from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).
Results on Coefficient Estimates For Subclasses of Analytic And Bi-Univalent functions
Authors: Galib Atshan Waggas , Ibraham Badawi Elaf 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce and investigate two interesting subclasses

R
∑

h
,
p

(
τ
,
γ
,
δ
)

and of

g
∑

h
,
p

(
μ
,
γ
,
λ
)

analytic and bi-univalent functions in the unit disk U.For functions belonging to the classes

R
∑

h
,
p

(
τ
,
γ
,
δ
)

and

g
∑

h
,
p

(
μ,

γ,

λ
)

, we obtain estimates on the first two Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients |a2| and |a3|. Many relevant connections with known or new results are pointed out.
Specifying the visualizing type of multi-dimensional data
Authors: Majeed Zainab H , Ahmed Basaeir Y , Najim Safa A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Knowing the type of data is widely required to make better and faster decisions. However, the process requires the user to provide information about the configuration of the data. This paper presents the first attempt to analyze data to extract it is type automatically from multi-dimensional data sets. This is useful not only for experts but also to users, also reduces manual search effort. Layers of multi-dimensional data are formed and evaluated, and the focus is on the most efficient ones. Experiments on experimental and real data demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Bayesian Adaptive Lasso binary regression with ridge parameter
Authors: Kadhim Abbas Hilali Haider , Alhamzawi Rahim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The variable selection (VS) characteristic was considered very important in the data analysis. Regularization technique is one gorgeous way that has proven effective for dealing with high dimensional data. In previous years, statistical researchers have made great efforts in developing procedures of regularization to solved problems of VS. In this paper, we have proposed a new technique for model selection in Binary regression. This technique is Bayesian adaptive Lasso Binary regression (BALBR). It has many features that give optimum estimation and VS property. Specifically, we introduced a new hierarchal model. Then, a new Gibbs sampler method is introduced. We also extend the new approach by adding the ridge parameter inside the variance-covariance matrix to avoid the singularity in case of multicollinearity or in case the number of observations less than the number of predictors. A comparison was made with other previous techniques applying the simulation examples and real data. It is worth mentioning, that the obtained results were promising and encouraging, giving better results compared to the previous methods.