bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PO-215: Diabetes and the quality of adjuvant therapy in Medicaid-insured women with breast cancer
Authors: Wang Yun , Lian Min , Liu Ying 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction. Diabetes is associated with poorer prognosis among breast cancer patients. It remains uncertain about the impact of comorbid diabetes on breast cancer treatments, especially among low-income women. Methods. Using the linked Missouri Cancer Registry and Medicaid claims data, we identified 3,761 women aged 18–64 diagnosed with stage 0-III breast cancer from 2007 to 2016. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) of the adherence and quality of adjuvant therapy, including the uptake, timely initiation (&lt;30 days of diagnosis (neo-adjuvant), &lt;120 days after diagnosis (adjuvant), or 90 days after surgery(adjuvant)), and completion of radiation therapy (≥25 sessions) and chemotherapy (recommended regimen-specific durations), as well as adherence (medication possession rate≥80%) and persistence (&lt;90-consecutive-days’ prescription) of endocrine therapy, for diabetic women compared with non-diabetic women, using multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical factors. Results. Overall, 20.7% of women had diabetes prior to breast cancer, 66.1% received radiation therapy, 72.6% with invasive breast cancer initiated chemotherapy, and 71.5% with hormone receptor- positive tumors received endocrine therapy. Diabetic women were less likely than non-diabetic women to utilize radiation therapy (odd ratio (OR) =0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69-0.99) and chemotherapy (OR=0.75, 95% CI 0.59-0.96).
Among patients receiving chemotherapy, diabetes was associated with a lower likelihood of completion of chemotherapy (OR=0.79 (95% CI=0.62-0.996). Diabetic women initiated radiation therapy in a more timely manner (OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.004- 1.95). There were no significant associations of diabetes with the utilization, adherence and persistence of endocrine therapy, timely initiation of chemotherapy, and completion of radiation therapy. Conclusions. Comorbid diabetes was associated with lower likelihoods of the utilization of radiation and chemotherapy and completion of chemotherapy in Medicaid-insured women with breast cancer. Efforts are needed to improve adherence to recommended adjuvant therapy in Medicaid- insured diabetic women with breast cancer. Funding support: National Cancer Institute (R01CA215418) and American Cancer Society-Denim Days Research Scholar Grant (RSG-18-116-01-CPHPS).
Citation Format: Yun Wang, Min Lian, Ying Liu. Diabetes and the quality of adjuvant therapy in Medicaid-insured women with breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-215.
Abstract PO-233: HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC show similar nrf2 nuclear and cytoplasmic staining patterns
Authors: Anibire Oladipupo O. , Jose Oyinloye , Williams Kenyada , Ballard Billy R. , Izban Michael G. , Marshall Dana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study set out to observe and better understand the differences, if any, in staining patterns for the oxidative stress response transcription factor Nrf2 in HNSCC patients who were HPV+ non- tobacco and alcohol users vs. HPV- tobacco and alcohol users. Increased Nrf2 activity is associated with resistance to therapy and poor outcomes. Tissues samples were obtained from the head and neck cancer repository of Nashville General Hospital at Meharry and Meharry Medical College. Nashville General Hospital at Meharry is a safety net hospital that serves the under- and uninsured citizens of Davidson County TN. FFPE sections were stained with anti- human Nrf2 antibody (Abcam 31163) and scored using a semi-quantitative evaluation gradient scale from 0-3 with 0 indicating no stain and 3 indicating strong positive Nrf2 staining. This study made use of 5 HPV+ and 2 HPV- patients. The results show that all HNSCC in the HPV+ and HPV- samples revealed positive staining for Nrf2 that ranged from weak to intense. We observed that the poorly differentiated HNSCC had a strong positive nuclear stain for Nrf2 when compared to lower tumor grades. Irrespective of whether the patient was in the HPV+ nonsmoker-nondrinker or HPV- smoker-drinker group, histological data indicates there was a positive correlation between increased Nrf2 staining and worsening tumor grade. These preliminary data suggest that potential use of Nrf2 as a prognostic biomarker for HNSCC will need to be evaluated differently for HPV+ and HPV- tumors, as HPV+ tumors are generally more responsive to therapy. Developing therapy that specifically targets Nrf2 could potentially play an immense role in managing HNSCC. Some of the limitations encountered in this study includes limited sample size.
Citation Format: Oladipupo O. Anibire, Oyinloye Jose, Kenyada Williams, Billy R. Ballard, Michael G. Izban, Dana Marshall. HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC show similar nrf2 nuclear and cytoplasmic staining patterns [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-233.
Abstract PO-242: Viral hepatitis among foreign-born communities in the Washington- Baltimore metropolitan area: 5-year prevalence data and implications for linkage to care follow-up
Authors: Le Daisy , Coriolan Annie , Pan Jane , Berg Carla Jean , Hong Y. Alicia , Nguyen Angeline , Le Hai Chi , Abroms Lorien Cindy , Juon Hee-Soon , Yang Y. Tony 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem around the world and in the United States, with significant morbidity and mortality. This research aimed to provide updated prevalence estimates and linkage-to-care rates for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among foreign-born immigrants in the Washington-Baltimore metropolitan area. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed screening data obtained from over 275 community-based outreach events held from 2015 to 2019. Through strategic collaborations and culturally-appropriate programs, the Hepatitis B Initiative of Washington DC was able to provide no-cost HBV and HCV testing, vaccination, and treatment linkage-to-care services to 9,489 and 9,427 individuals, respectively. We examined the prevalence of positive HBV (HBsAg+) and HCV (HCVAb+) infections and linkage-to-care with associated sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Overall, prevalence amongst foreign-born clients screened over the 5-year period was 4.3% for HBV and 1.1% for HCV. The highest HBV prevalence was among participants born in Malaysia (8.5%), Cambodia (7.7%), and Vietnam (6.9%), whereas HCV prevalence was highest among participants born in Mongolia (5.0%), Cameroon (3.2%), and Burma (1.5%). Among the 378 HBV- and 102 HCV-infected individuals who were referred to care, linkage- to-care rates were 87.0% (2016-2019) and 47.1% (2017-2019) respectively. Among those linked to care, an overwhelming proportion reported not having health insurance (74.8%) and/or a usual source of care (75.3%); the majority were also female (52.8%), over 30 years of age (96.6%), and born in Asia (78.0%). Conclusions: Foreign-born individuals from Asia and Africa had the highest prevalence of viral hepatitis. These results underscore the need to disaggregate screening data by country of birth to inform prevention and linkage-to-care programs and their impact. Additionally, optimal HBV and HCV screening and linkage-to-care can be achieved among harder-to-reach at-risk populations through partnerships with community organizations, health centers, and public health departments.
Citation Format: Daisy Le, Annie Coriolan, Jane Pan, Carla Jean Berg, Y. Alicia Hong, Angeline Nguyen, Hai Chi Le, Lorien Cindy Abroms, Hee-Soon Juon, Y. Tony Yang. Viral hepatitis among foreign-born communities in the Washington- Baltimore metropolitan area: 5-year prevalence data and implications for linkage to care follow-up [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-242.
Abstract PO-257: Disparities in unawareness of hepatitis C virus among U.S. adults: An analysis of the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey
Authors: Islam Jessica Y. , Spees Lisa , Camacho-Rivera Marlene , Vidot Denise C. , Yarosh Rina , Wheldon Christopher W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose Infection with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is often asymptomatic and chronic infection may lead to liver cancer. In light of the 2020 USPSTF update to HCV screening guidelines to include all adults between 18-79 years old, our objective was to investigate demographic disparities in HCV unawareness with a specific interest in age and race/ethnicity. We estimated (1) HCV unawareness by demographic groups, (2) determinants of HCV unawareness, and (3) sources of health information among those with high HCV unawareness. Methods We used weighted nationally- representative data from the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey(N=5438) to estimate frequencies of socio-demographic characteristics by HCV unawareness and determinants of HCV unawareness through multivariable logistic regression. We further estimated risk differences (RD) with 95% confidence intervals(CIs) of HCV unawareness by age and race/ethnicity compared to older non- Hispanic(NH)-Whites. Results Overall, 17.3% of adults were unaware of HCV.
Younger adults &lt;55 years (20.7%) were more likely to be unaware of HCV compared to older adults ≥55 years (11.6%, χ2 p&lt;0.001). Multivariable analyses showed that younger age, low English fluency, and Hispanic or NH-Asian ethnicity were associated with HCV unawareness. When compared to NH-Whites ≥55 years, the largest differences in HCV unawareness was observed among NH-Asians (RD:25.6%,95%CI:8.2-43.1) and Hispanics (RD:17.1,95%CI:6.3-27.9) adults &lt;55 years.
Younger adults unaware of HCV reported primarily obtaining their health information from the internet (75.5%). Conclusions Younger adults, Hispanics, and NH-Asians are more likely to be unaware of HCV. Public health messaging should be targeted to these demographic groups to improve HCV screening coverage. Social media campaigns may increase reach as most young adults unaware of HCV obtain their health information on the internet.
Citation Format: Jessica Y. Islam, Lisa Spees, Marlene Camacho-Rivera, Denise C. Vidot, Rina Yarosh, Christopher W. Wheldon. Disparities in unawareness of hepatitis C virus among U.S. adults: An analysis of the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-257.
Abstract PR02: Improving monitoring and treatment adherence among underserved Asian Americans with chronic hepatitis B through a patient navigator-led intervention
Authors: Ma Grace X. , Zhu Lin , Zhai Shumenghui , Tan Yin , Ma Xiaoli , Ogunwobi Olorunseun O. , Naidoo Michelle , Ting Tsunyou , Wang Min Qi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Asian Americans have the highest incidence and mortality rates of hepatocellular carcinoma among all U.S. racial/ethnic groups. Inadequate hepatitis B (HBV) monitoring and treatment contribute to poorer outcomes and increased healthcare costs. We conducted a Patient Navigator-led Intervention (PNMI) through a randomized controlled trial to improve monitoring and treatment adherence among Asian Americans with chronic HBV infection. Methods: From 2015 to 2017, we enrolled 532 eligible Asian American adults living with chronic HBV (CHB) in greater Philadelphia area, New Jersey, and New York City. They were non-compliant with HBV follow up care, and randomly assigned to either intervention or control group. Generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMM) were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for the rates of doctor’s visit for CHB and having ALT test. Results: Our findings indicated that intervention group had higher rate of doctors’ visits than that of control group at both 6-month (77.22% v. 45.75%) and 12 months assessments (90.73% v. 60.61%). More intervention group participants received ALT test than control group did at 6-month (52.90% v. 25.10% at 6 months) and 12-month (75.40% v. 46.75%). Results of the GLMM showed that those in the intervention group were more likely than those in the control group to have doctor’s visit and ALT test at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Conclusions: The findings from this culturally and linguistically appropriate PNMI intervention demonstrated strong effects on adherence to hepatitis B virus (HBV) follow-up care among non-adherent Asian American patients living with chronic HBV infection. These findings suggest opportunities for implementation the evidence-based best practice that could lead to reducing disparities in chronic liver disease and liver cancer among high-risk, underserved populations.
Citation Format: Grace X. Ma, Lin Zhu, Shumenghui Zhai, Yin Tan, Xiaoli Ma, Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi, Michelle Naidoo, Tsunyou Ting, Min Qi Wang. Improving monitoring and treatment adherence among underserved Asian Americans with chronic hepatitis B through a patient navigator-led intervention [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PR02.
Abstract PR12: Dynamic clustering of cancer genomics datasets beyond pre-defined human categories
Authors: Mohsen Hussein , Blenman Kim , Pusztai Lajos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The history of the race concept sheds the light on the lack of scientific basis of racial categories. Early attempts of using race in scientific practice (ca. 17th century) took place during times of colonial expansions and the transatlantic slave trade. The lenses through which scientists approached race categories changed over the next centuries, but legacies of using race categories in genetic studies are still embedded in some of today’s practices. Consequently, this engenders the need for novel approaches that transcend categories of or related to race in genomics to avoid unintended consequences and improve the study of disease. Methods: We introduce an approach that dynamically generates trait-specific cohorts based on genomic clustering at a subset of loci known to contribute to the disease under study. Reflecting the broad diversity of traits, the number of clusters and cluster memberships vary depending on the trait and its implicated genomic regions. Our method hence directs the lens of studying human biodiversity with respect to disease to the trait level rather than “population level.” Results: We test our approach on cancer and control whole genome sequencing datasets to partition each based on predisposition to 8 cancer types. Focusing on COSMIC genes known to have a germline contribution to cancer, we demonstrate that resulting clusterings vary across cancer types and transcend race, ethnicity—and ancestry categories, supporting our call to generate dynamic categorization sets at the trait level. Conclusion: Our suggested method highlights the importance of historical perspectives to co-shape today’s scientific practice. Experimental results resonate with previous joint calls from scholars in genetics and the humanities and social sciences to focus on the study racial and ethnic disparities in health as a result of rampant societal and environmental disparities—rather than genomic differences partly based on historical attempts to impose fixity on fluid social constructs.
Citation Format: Hussein Mohsen, Kim Blenman, Lajos Pusztai. Dynamic clustering of cancer genomics datasets beyond pre-defined human categories [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PR12.
Abstract PO-049: SARS-CoV-2 multiepitope vaccine constructs designed to drive long-term immunity in the majority of the population
Authors: Yarmarkovich Mark , Warrington John M. , Farrel Alvin , Maris John M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has precipitated an urgent need for a safe and effective vaccine to be developed and deployed in a highly accelerated timeframe as compared to standard vaccine development processes. Upfront selection of epitopes most likely to induce a safe and effective immune response can accelerate these efforts. Optimally designed vaccines maximize immunogenicity towards regions of proteins that contribute most to protective immunity, while minimizing the antigenic load contributed by unnecessary protein domains that may result in autoimmunity, reactogenicity, or enhanced infectivity. Adopting tools developed for population-scale characterization of HLA presentation of tumor antigens and cross-reactivity of TCRs with tumor self-antigens, we have generated an immunogenicity map of SARS-CoV-2 to inform vaccine design based on analyses across five parameters: 1) stimulation of CD4 and CD8 T cells; 2) immunogenicity across the majority of human HLA alleles; 3) targeting both evolutionarily conserved regions, as well as newly divergent regions of the virus that increase infectivity; 4) targeting linear and conformational B-cell epitopes; and 5) targeting viral regions with the highest degree of dissimilarity to the self-immunopeptidome such as to maximize safety and immunogenicity. Using these analyses, we have generated 11 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine constructs optimized for long-term immunity across the majority of the population. These constructs contain combinations of epitopes selected from our analysis such as to drive affinity-enhanced memory response in combination with current spike protein vaccine strategies, for use as T-cell vaccines, and a stand-alone vaccine designed to drive memory B- and T-cell responses in the majority of the population. Epitopes were optimized using our immunogenicity algorithm to minimize immunogenicity across the junctions between epitopes and cloned into pVAX vectors, using signal peptides targeting the lysosome, ER, and cytoplasmic secretion, such as to promote presentation to CD4, CD8, and B cells, respectively. Finally, we describe methods for identifying immunodominant epitopes arising from vaccination using barcoded, multiplexed tetramers. Vaccine constructs are currently undergoing testing in transgenic mice expressing human HLA-A2. We expect that these constructs will help drive long-term immunity across the population, targeting conserved regions across multiple coronaviruses.
Citation Format: Mark Yarmarkovich, John M. Warrington, Alvin Farrel, John M. Maris. SARS-CoV-2 multiepitope vaccine constructs designed to drive long-term immunity in the majority of the population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2020 Jul 20-22. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(18_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-049.
Abstract PO-060: COVID-CANCER HUIL STUDY: Registry of oncologic patients diagnosed with Covid-19 in Infanta Leonor University Hospital in Madrid, Spain
Authors: Rogado Jacobo , Obispo Berta , Serrano-Montero Gloria , Merino Almudena Martin , Lopez-Alfonso Ana , Pangua Cristina , Pérez-Pérez Mar , Fontán-Vela Mario , Lara Miguel Ángel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Covid-19 has been shown to present more complications in immunosuppressed patients. We determine whether differences exist in Covid-19-related mortality between cancer patients and general population in our hospital, and we also describe associated risk factors.
Methods: We reviewed 2,216 medical records of all patients admitted to hospitalization in Infanta Leonor University Hospital in Madrid, Spain, with Covid-19 diagnosis between 5 March and 13 May, 2020. Study data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools. We described Covid-19 cumulative incidence in cancer patients, treatment outcome, mortality, and associated risk factors.
Results: We detected 85/2,216 cancer patients between all Covid-19 diagnoses. Mortality rate: 40/85 cancer patients vs. 260/2,131 in general ward (p&lt;0.001). Median age: 76 years old (34-94), 50/85 male patients. Most frequent histologies were lung cancer (22/85), colorectal cancer (19/85), prostate cancer (15/85), and breast cancer (10/85). Most frequent staging was metastatic disease (32/85). Only 2/85 patients were admitted to ICU. Mortality was associated with older median age (79.5 vs. 73, p=0.03), high d dimer levels (1630 vs. 830, p=0.03), high LDH levels (315.5 vs. 224, p=0.003), bilateral pneumonia (24/42 vs. 5/22 with unilateral pneumonia, p=0.02), ARDS (12/13 vs. 28/72 without ARDS, p&lt;0.0001), and metastatic disease (20/32 metastatic vs. 20/53 non-metastatic patients, p=0.02). Differences were maintained in multivariate analyses regarding ARDS (OR 23.7, p=0.007) and metastatic disease (OR 2.5, p=0.05).
Conclusions: Covid-19 had a significant mortality in cancer patients. High D dimer and LDH levels and ARDS development in elderly metastatic patients carry an elevated risk of death in cancer patients diagnosed with Covid-19. However, only 2/85 patients were admitted to ICU and these data were decisive. It is a priority to create measures to avoid Covid-19 transmission in oncologic patients.
Citation Format: Jacobo Rogado, Berta Obispo, Gloria Serrano-Montero, Almudena Martin Merino, Ana Lopez-Alfonso, Cristina Pangua, Mar Pérez-Pérez, Mario Fontán-Vela, Miguel Ángel Lara. COVID-CANCER HUIL STUDY: Registry of oncologic patients diagnosed with Covid-19 in Infanta Leonor University Hospital in Madrid, Spain [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2020 Jul 20-22. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(18_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-060.