bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blue Light Laser Results in Less Vocal Fold Scarring Compared to KTP Laser in Normal Rat Vocal Folds
Authors: Lin R. Jun , Iakovlev Vladimir , Streutker Catherine , Lee Daniel , Al‐Ali Mohammed , Anderson Jennifer 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesPreliminary investigations suggest that a novel blue light (BL) laser with a wavelength of 445 nm is comparable to the commonly utilized potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser (532 nm) for treatment of various laryngeal pathologies. The objective of the current study is to make a direct histological comparison of the degree of vocal fold scarring after either BL or KTP laser treatment in an animal model.Study DesignThis was a randomized controlled study using rats.MethodsTwenty‐four Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized to BL or KTP laser treatment. Laser was delivered in non‐overlapping pulses to normal rat vocal folds. Larynges in each group were harvested at three time points: post‐operative day 1, 30, and 90. Three animals served as negative controls. The excised whole larynges were sectioned transversely and stained with hematoxylin/eosin and trichrome. Presence of subepithelial inflammation and protein deposition/fibrosis indicative of scarring were scored semi‐quantitatively (from grade 1–3) by two pathologists blinded to treatment groups.ResultsBetween‐group comparison showed that both laser treatments resulted in significantly elevated subepithelial protein deposition/fibrosis 90 days after treatment compared to negative controls (BL: 2 ± 0; KTP: 2.67 ± 0.29; control: 1.17 ± 0.29; P < .05). However, the degree of protein deposition/fibrosis was significantly higher in the KTP group compared to the BL group (P = .016). Within‐group comparison showed that the KTP group showed evidence of fibrosis as early as 30 days after treatment, which was not observed in the BL group.ConclusionsThe current study suggests that the degree of scarring is significantly less after BL laser treatment compared to KTP in normal rat vocal fold tissue.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:853–858, 2021
An Open‐Source Three‐Dimensionally Printed Laryngeal Model for Injection Laryngoplasty Training
Authors: Lee Mark , Ang Chelston , Andreadis Katerina , Shin James , Rameau Anaïs 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisA limited number of three‐dimensionally (3D)‐printed laryngeal simulators have been described in the literature, only one of which is specifically designed for percutaneous injection laryngoplasty (PIL) training and is currently of limited availability. This study describes the development and evaluation of a high‐fidelity, open‐source, low‐cost 3D‐printed simulator for PIL training, improving on existing models.Study DesignSimulator design and survey evaluation.MethodsComputed tomography scans of the upper airways were processed with 3D Slicer to generate a computer model of the endolarynx. Blender and Fusion 360 were used to refine the mucosal model and develop casts for silicone injection molding. The casted endolaryngeal structures were inserted into a modified version of a publicly available laryngeal cartilage model. The final models were evaluated by 10 expert laryngologists using a customized version of the Michigan Standard Simulation Experience Scale. Internal consistency and interrater reliability of the survey were evaluated using Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation, respectively.ResultsExpert laryngologists highly rated the model for measures of fidelity, educational value, and overall quality (mean = 4.8, standard deviation = 0.5; 1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). All reviewers rated the model as ready for use as is or with slight modifications. The filament needed for one cartilage model costs $0.96, whereas the silicone needed for one soft‐tissue model costs $1.89.ConclusionsUsing 3D‐printing technology, we successfully created the first open‐source, low‐cost, and anatomically accurate laryngeal model for injection laryngoplasty training. Our simulator is made freely available for download on Wikifactory with step‐by‐step tutorials for 3D printing, silicone molding, assembly, and use.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:E890–E895, 2021
Patient‐Perceived Nasal Appearance After Septorhinoplasty With Spreader Versus Extended Spreader Graft
Authors: Weitzman Rachel E. , Gadkaree Shekhar K. , Justicz Natalie S. , Lindsay Robin W. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisStandard spreader grafts (SSGs) are commonly used in septorhinoplasty to treat internal nasal valve narrowing and have been shown to improve nasal airway obstruction. Extended spreader grafts (ESGs) have also been proven effective for correcting nasal deviation. To date, the effectiveness of ESGs using patient‐reported outcome measures has not been demonstrated, and results of ESGs have not been compared to SSGs. This study aims to assess satisfaction and nasal appearance in patients who have undergone septorhinoplasty with SSG versus ESG.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsFive hundred sixty‐eight patients who underwent septorhinoplasty with SSGs and 126 patients who underwent septorhinoplasty with ESGs between 2012 and 2018 were administered the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale and FACE‐Q Satisfaction With Nose, FACE‐Q Satisfaction With Nostrils, and FACE‐Q Social Functioning scales pre‐ and postoperatively. Pre‐ and postoperative NOSE and FACE‐Q scores, negative inspiratory force (NIF), and changes in these values were compared between groups.ResultsResults demonstrated clinically and statistically significant improvement at follow‐up for both groups. There was no significant difference between the SSG and ESG groups in mean improvement of NOSE scores, FACE‐Q scores, and NIF at follow‐up of 6 months and at 12 months.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that SSGs and ESGs both provide clinically and statistically significant improvement, and no significant difference in functional outcome. Both techniques can be effective. The etiology of the nasal obstruction and/or deformity should be considered when deciding which type of spreader graft to use.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:765–772, 2021
Insights on 3D Structures of Potential Drug‐targeting Proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2: Application of Cavity Search and Molecular Docking
Authors: Fernandes Mariana S. , da Silva Francielly S. , Freitas Ana Carolina S. G. , de Melo Eduardo B. , Trossini Gustavo H. G. , Paula Fávero R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe emergence of the COVID‐19 has caused public health problems worldwide and there is no effective pharmacological treatment for this disease. Research on 3D models of proteins and the search for active molecular sites are important tools to assist in the discovery of effective antiviral drugs to combat COVID‐19. To address this problem, the 3D protein structures of SARS‐CoV 2 were analyzed and submitted to cavities research, evaluation of their druggabillity and liganbility, and applied to molecular docking studies with potential ligand candidates actually assayed against COVID‐19. Eight druggable potential cavity sites were determined in model structures’ PDB code, 6W4B, 6VWW, 6W01, 6M3M, and 6VYO, and these are the good alternatives to be characterized as targets for antiviral compounds. The good cavity model of the protease 3D structure was used in molecular docking, and this allowed verifying the theoric interactions of this protein and lopinavir and ritonavir antiviral drugs. These results may assist in the use of 3D protein models in drug design studies aiming to develop drugs against the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Dielectric spectroscopy signature for cancer diagnosis: A review
Authors: Fahmy Heba Mohamed , Hamad Amany Mohamed , Sayed Fatma Al‐zahraa , Abdelaziz Youssef S. , Abu Serea Esraa Samy , Mustafa Amany Bahaa El‐Din , Mohammed Maha Amir , Saadeldin Ayat M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effective clinical management of cancer is entirely dependent on the detection at a suitable early time as well as on the proper diagnosis. The main aim of this review is to survey the applications of dielectric spectroscopy in the clinical cancer diagnosis and distinguishing between normal and tumor tissues. This review focuses on the recognition of the biophysical properties of normal and malignant tissues and also of biophysical changes elicited by cancers comprising (breast, liver, thyroid gland, lung, skin, bladder, uterine and ovarian, lung, and prostate) tumors. These biophysical changes are often produced because of the difference in tissue composition, blood flow, and architecture between normal and malignant cells. From the literature, it has been observed that dielectric spectroscopy method can be applied before, during or after tumor surgery; and most of the results are confirmed by conventional analysis such as histopathology. Moreover, by dielectric spectroscopy technique, dielectric parameters, especially conductivity, and permittivity were suggested to be biomarkers for the densification of cancerous patients of the previously mentioned cancer types. It could be concluded that dielectric spectroscopy rapidly provides the biophysical status of normal tissues and cancerous ones and thus can be applied effectively for the early diagnosis and detection of cancers. It could be a promising diagnostic tool in the future.
Preparation and characterization of new hybrid polymer composites from Phoenix pusilla fibers/E‐glass/carbon fabrics on potential engineering applications: Effect of stacking sequence
Authors: Puttegowda Madhu , M. Rangappa Sanjay , Khan Anish , Al‐Zahrani Salma Ahmed , Al Otaibi Ahmed , Shivanna Pradeep , Moure Marta M. , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe use of bio‐fiber‐based hybrid composites in various commercial engineering applications is increasing day by day due to their biodegradability and versatile characteristics. Hence, in the present research investigation, an attempt has been made to scrutinize the mongrelizing possessions under different laminate stacking arrangement concerning Phoenix pusilla fibers (PPFs)/E‐glass woven/carbon woven fabric‐reinforced epoxy composite laminates through the studies of density, void fraction, and different mechanical strength behavior evaluation of five resulting diverse hybrid composite laminates. The hybrid laminates were prepared by manual hand lay‐up technique. The scrutinization of physical and mechanical properties and the study of fractured surfaces specify noteworthy improvement in density, void fraction, tensile properties, flexural properties, and microhardness properties of PPFs/E‐glass/carbon fabrics‐reinforced hybrid epoxy composites. The overall results conferred that the composite laminates fabricated in the present study could be potentially used in medium load structural applications.
Biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in Phaseolus lunatus and the evolution of oxime‐based defenses
Authors: Lai Daniela , Maimann Alexandra B. , Macea Eliana , Ocampo César H. , Cardona Gustavo , Pičmanová Martina , Darbani Behrooz , Olsen Carl Erik , Debouck Daniel , Raatz Bodo , Møller Birger Lindberg , Rook Fred 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLima bean, Phaseolus lunatus, is a crop legume that produces the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin. In the legumes Lotus japonicus and Trifolium repens, the biosynthesis of these two α‐hydroxynitrile glucosides involves cytochrome P450 enzymes of the CYP79 and CYP736 families and a UDP‐glucosyltransferase. Here, we identify CYP79D71 as the first enzyme of the pathway in P. lunatus, producing oximes from valine and isoleucine. A second CYP79 family member, CYP79D72, was shown to catalyze the formation of leucine‐derived oximes, which act as volatile defense compounds in Phaseolus spp. The organization of the biosynthetic genes for cyanogenic glucosides in a gene cluster aided their identification in L. japonicus. In the available genome sequence of P. vulgaris, the gene orthologous to CYP79D71 is adjacent to a member of the CYP83 family. Although P. vulgaris is not cyanogenic, it does produce oximes as volatile defense compounds. We cloned the genes encoding two CYP83s (CYP83E46 and CYP83E47) and a UDP‐glucosyltransferase (UGT85K31) from P. lunatus, and these genes combined form a complete biosynthetic pathway for linamarin and lotaustralin in Lima bean. Within the genus Phaseolus, the occurrence of linamarin and lotaustralin as functional chemical defense compounds appears restricted to species belonging to the closely related Polystachios and Lunatus groups. A preexisting ability to produce volatile oximes and nitriles likely facilitated evolution of cyanogenesis within the Phaseolus genus.
Investigation on the Thermal Behavior of Ammonium Dinitramide with Different Copper‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Li Yajin , Xie Wuxi , Wang Haiyang , Yang Hongtao , Huang Haitao , Liu Yunfei , Fan Xuezhong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA systematic investigation of the effects of different copper catalysts on the thermal behavior for ammonium dinitramide (ADN) was performed. ADN/copper catalyst mixtures were prepared in the ratio of 100/5 by grinding, and all samples were subjected to TG‐DSC studies using thermo‐gravimetric analysis coupled to Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectrometry (TGA‐FTIR) and Mass Spectrometry, which obtained the detailed information of evolved gas products on pyrolysis and oxidative degradations. Four copper‐series catalysts including copper chromate (CuCrO4), copper chromite (Cu2Cr2O5), copper 2,4‐dihydroxybenzoate (β‐Cu) and metal‐organic framework copper (MOF−Cu) were employed to research the appearance morphology and thermal behavior of the samples. TG‐DSC analysis of the decomposition for ADN/catalyst revealed that copper chromite and β‐Cu exhibit higher catalytic activity than copper chromate due to their greater acceleration of thermal decomposition for ADN. Besides, though MOF−Cu slightly promote the thermal decomposition of ADN, the ADN/MOF−Cu system release more heat during exothermic reaction owing to the high energy of MOF−Cu.
Theoretical Study of the Local Vibrational Modes at Shock Wave Front for Energetic Material
Authors: Long Yao , Chen Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe evaluate the shock wave profile of β‐octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (β‐HMX) by steady flow theory and calculate the force constants by density functional theory. Based on these results, a method to calculate the local phonon states at shock front is developed. We find that the phonon density of states (PDOS) of shock front is non‐intersect with the PDOS of crystal, and obtain four important vibrational modes for shock wave: N−NO2 stretch, NO wagging, CH2 wagging, and N‐NC2 stretch. According to the vibrational modes, the initial decomposition reactions of β‐HMX at shocked state are denitrification, hydrogen transfer, and ring‐opening reactions.
Role of W‐Rich CuWO4 and Doped Zn‐CuWO4 Ceramics and Its Improved Photoelectrochemical Cell Performances Synthesized by Solid State Reaction Method
Authors: Balasubramanian Venkatachalapathy , Kannan Selvaraj , Thangaraj Nishanthi S. , Sivakumar Ganesan , Mohanraj Kannusamy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTriclinic CuWO4 and Zn doped CuWO4 nanocomposites have been synthesized by the solid state reaction method to evaluate the Photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of the photoelectrodes. The existence of WO3 along with CuWO4 is affirmed by the XRD, XPS spectra and HRTEM images. PEC measurements showed that the generated photocurrent is found to be maximum of about 8.94 mA/cm2 for Zn doped CuWO4whereas it is 2.63 mA/cm2 for bare CuWO4 electrode measured at 0.1 M of Na2SO4 acts as a suitable electrolyte under the illumination. The carrier density (Nd) of the nanocomposites is determined by Mott‐Schottky plot that has n‐type conductivity for both the samples. The negative flat band potential of −0.52 V for Zn doped CuWO4 might be attributed to decrease in depletion width. Zn doped CuWO4 shows higher power conversion efficiency of about 3.95%. The solution resistance and charge transfer resistance of both the photoelectrodes were calculated using Nyquist plot and it is lower for Zn‐CuWO4 which indicates better conductivity and electron transfer rate.
Pegylated Deoxycholic Acid Coated Gold Nanoparticles as a Highly Stable CT Contrast Agent
Authors: Mohajeri Mohammad , Iranpour Pooya , Vahidi Yasmin , Haghighi Rezvan Ravanfar , Faghih Zahra , Bararjanian Morteza , Salehi Peyman 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present study has been dedicated to the synthesis of a new and highly stable computed tomography contrast agent based on pegylated deoxycholic acid‐ coated gold nanoparticles (DCA‐PEG‐GNPs) measuring 17 nm in size. To stabilize the gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as well as increasing their vascular retention time, polyethylene glycol, PEG, with a molecular weight of 4 KD, was applied. Besides, for target delivery, deoxycholic acid (DCA) as a biologically active compound and a secondary bile acid, capable of interfering with some cancers, were selected. The bile acid was attached to the nanoparticle's surface with a polyethylene glycol (MW=1 KD) linker via an etherification reaction. Finally, the activity of the prepared compound was studied by means of a clinical CT instrument at various KVp values. The gained results depicted a very high activity of the compound to attenuate X‐rays along with making contrast enhancement, even better than those of Visipaque as a commercial contrast agent. In addition, the DCA‐PEG‐GNPs displayed remarkable stability in a wide range of pHs,i. e. 2.5‐11, and in different temperature conditions, ranging between −78 °C to 48 °C.
Rosehip‐Extract‐Assisted Green Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Mindivan Ferda , Göktaş Meryem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractReduced‐graphene oxide (RGO) is one of the main derivatives of graphene. Chemical‐based techniques are used to produce large amounts of graphene in short amount of time. Hydrazine is the strong reductant but its toxic effects limit the various applications. Therefore, the usage of plants extracts has become the research interest in recent years for produced eco‐friendly materials. GO was synthesized through modified Hummer's method in this study and rosehip extracts were synthesized with successful reduction reaction in different environments. The comparison of the all analysis results from RGO samples were suggested that the rosehip extract in methanol environment is very effective in obtaining RGO. EDS and BET surface results indicated that ML‐RGO and MD‐RGO samples which synthesis by methanol extraction, had the highest C/O ratios (4 : 1 and 7 : 1) and surface areas (230.64 and 142.85 m2/g‐1), respectively as compared to other RGO samples. The ML‐RGO exhibited about a 41.14 % residual weight at 600 °C and had the highest thermal stability. The interlayer spacing of the diffraction peaks of MD‐RGO and ML‐RGO samples expanded due to a decrease of the re‐stacking in graphene sheets. FESEM and HRTEM images of the MD‐RGO and ML‐RGO samples confirmed the flat surface with fewer layers and transparent‐ well exfoliated sheets. Therefore, we have validated the practicality of rosehip extract for versatile application and advocates new hopes for greener graphene.
Cobalt Oxide Grown on Biomass Carbon as a Three‐Dimensional Self‐Supporting Negative Electrode with High Area Specific Capacity
Authors: Shao Shuangxi , Wang Pengfei , Gong Zhe , Ye Ke , Zhu Kai , Yan Jun , Wang Guiling , Cao Dianxue 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of electronic equipment and electric vehicles fields has brought enormous challenges to the energy storage sector. Electrode cost has become the biggest problem for large‐scale applications of lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, we use carbonized hemp rods as a current collector instead of expensive copper foil. Meanwhile, the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of carbonized hemp stalk (C‐hemp) has a large number of hollow channels, in which a large amount of Co3O4 nanowires are grown, providing an area specific capacity of 10 mAh/cm2. The battery exhibits a good cycle performance and keeps a stable capacity during 50 charge‐discharge cycles. At the same time, the carbon matrix provides an excellent 3D conductive network that combines with metal oxide nanorods to show an excellent rate performance.
Ratiometric Assays for Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Organo‐Phosphorous Pesticide Based on Superior Carbon Quantum Dots and BLGF‐Protected Gold Nanoclusters FRET Process
Authors: Suo Zhiguang , Liu Xiaowei , Hou Xialing , Liu Yu , Lu Jiayi , Xing Feifei , Chen Yingying , Feng Lingyan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA ratiometric fluorescence system is reported based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) for sensitive detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs). The CQDs and Au NCs were synthesized by one‐pot approach, emitting at 420 nm (λex=320 nm) and 680 nm (λex=500 nm) respectively. To verify the effect on CQDs−Au NCs of biothiols, the thiol sensing was performed by measuring the ratio of F680/F420 as the increasing of cysteine as model, which shows a low detection limit of 1.07 μmol L−1. Herein, this sensing system was employed to determine AChE activity depend on its hydrolysis for acetylcholine (ATCh) generated thiocholine. The AChE activity can be assayed as low as 1.08 mU mL−1 within a wide linear range from 3 to 50 mU mL−1 and evaluated in practical samples. In addition, a kind of organophosphorus pesticide, hypertoxic diazinon, was selected to efficiently inhibit the ATCh hydrolysis, and can be detected based on this proposed strategy. As far as we known, the proposed ratiometric assay system based on CQDs−Au NCs nanocomposites is the first time to demonstrate for AChE and OPPs assay. We believed that this promising strategy will opens up a novel pathway of using CQDs and Au NCs for the expanded biosensing applications.
Acupuncture and East Asian medicine in the USA, putting the profession into perspective
Authors: Majd Iman , Larson Mina M. , Amieux Paul S. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTAcupuncture and East Asian medicine, as a young profession in the US, has faced many challenges. The profession has moved from being considered technician level to an independent professional status. The collaborative efforts of leading organizations such as the NCCAOM in self‐regulating through setting the standards of competence via a national board exam and delineation of practice standards, which are common practices in the US compared to other countries which have a top‐down decision‐making system, has positively impacted the professions' status in the health care system. Advocacy for the profession would increase the visibility of the profession with a stronger voice, with the goal of full incorporation into the mainstream medical system.