bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jak vedení výběrových základních škol přiděluje učitele do tříd?
Authors: Kadrnožková Monika 
Published: April 2020

Abstrakt: Český vzdělávací systém umožňuje rozřazovat žáky do škol a tříd na základě jejich schopností a dosažených výsledků. V současnosti je zaznamenán trend narůstajícího počtu základních škol uplatňujících dlouhodobou selekci žáků uvnitř školy. S rozřazováním žáků do různých typů tříd úzce souvisí i téma přidělování učitelů. Tento text si klade za cíl ověřit, zda vedení tří výběrových škol záměrně přidělují učitele do tříd a jaká kritéria je ovlivňují. K naplnění tohoto cíle byla určena jako výzkumná strategie deskriptivní případová studie a zakotvené teorie. Metodami sběru dat byly zvoleny analýza přidělování učitelů do tříd v příslušných dokumentech (ŠVP, rozvrhy, výroční zprávy), hloubkové polostrukturované rozhovory s vedením a učiteli škol a analýza výsledků srovnávacích testů žáků uvnitř škol. Z výsledků je patrné, že se vedení ve své volbě řídí odlišnými kritérii, která odůvodňuje snahou co nejefektivněji vzdělávat žáky výběrové dráhy. Učitelé jsou přidělováni do tříd na základě volby vedení, které vychází z vlastních kritérií kvalitního učitele – do výběrových tříd jsou přidělování „kvalitnější“ učitelé, nebo je snahou vedení do své školy přijímat pouze takové učitele, aby si již nemuseli vybírat a mohli přidělovat do tříd učitele „střídavým“ nebo „náhodným“ způsobem. V každém z případů ale bylo snahou vedení dostát ve výběrové třídě prohlubujícímu kurikulu s náročnějším obsahem a promyšleným didaktickým metodám. Vybrané školy se tak staly zajímavým příkladem přidělování učitelů do tříd, což ovlivňuje nejen proces výuky, ale i samotné výsledky žáků.
Klíčová slova: přidělování učitelů, diferenciace žáků, volba ředitele, základní škola, případová studie.
Reforma kurikula pedagogicko-psychologického modulu na Pedagogické fakultě Masarykovy univerzity: Hledání kvality v éře masifikace
Authors: Kratochvílová Jana , Lojdová Kateřina 
Published: April 2020

Abstrakt: Příspěvek mapuje reformu pedagogicko-psychologického modulu na Pedagogické fakultě Masarykovy univerzity, který je podstatnou součástí učitelských studijních programů. Představuje východiska, postupně se měnící strukturální podmínky a hlavní dilemata, která provázela jeho tvorbu. Na jejich základě se zaměřuje na principy kvality vysokoškolské výuky a jejich evaluaci. Proces reformy kriticky zasazuje do souvislostí vysokoškolského vzdělávání v éře masifikace. V neposlední řadě text přináší osobní reflexe autorek podílejících se na reformě kurikula pedagogicko-psychologického modulu.
Klíčová slova: kvalita výuky, pedagogická propedeutika, reforma kurikula, vysokoškolská výuka, vzdělávání učitelů, studenti učitelství.
Das religiöse Selbstkonzept Grid (RSG) – eine Methode zur individuumszentrierten Darstellung religiöser und spiritueller Selbstkonzepte
Authors: Huber Stefan , Scheiblich Herbert 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel gibt eine anwendungsbezogene Einführung in das religiöse Selbstkonzept Grid (RSG). Dabei handelt es sich um eine Variante der Repertory Grid Technik, die den Fokus auf das religiöse oder spirituelle Selbstkonzept einer Person richtet. Zunächst werden die Vorläufer dieser Methode, die Selbst-Identitäts-Grafik (SIG) von Norris und Makhlouf-Norris (1976) und das Selbstkonzept-Gitter (SG) von Orklik (1979) dargestellt. Darauf aufbauend wird in das religiöse Selbstkonzept Grid (RSG) eingeführt. Interpretationsmöglichkeiten werden anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen von Neumitgliedern der Zeugen Jehovas erläutert. Abschließend werden auf Möglichkeiten thematisiert, das diagnostische Potenzial des RSG für therapeutische Prozesse fruchtbar zu machen.
Comparing causal logics: A configurational analysis of proximities using simulated data
Authors: Rutten Roel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Unnoticed by economic geography for fifteen years, Boschma’s (2005) proximity paper conflates two different causal logics: regularity and substantive interpretation. The former is dominant in variable-based methods, the latter in case-based methods. Using the proximities approach as an example, this paper explains the differences between both logics. A QCA (Qualitative Comparative Analysis) study on simulated data demonstrates how case-based methods use substantive interpretation for causal inference. QCA is an important innovation in case-based methods that, thus far, economic geography has largely missed. QCA challenges the search for causal effects of individual causes and presents configurational causality as a compelling alternative.
“Stronger Is Better”: Gale Gillingham, the Weight-Trained Green Bay Packer All-Pro
Authors: Shurley Jason P. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Shurley, JP. “Stronger is better”: Gale Gillingham, the weight-trained Green Bay Packer all-pro. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1201–1212, 2020—In the 1960s, many sport coaches advised their athletes not to lift weights, with some going so far as to threaten to dismiss or punish any who were caught engaging in such training. Their advice or threats were well intentioned as both were prompted by fears that weight training would make an athlete less flexible, slower, and less coordinated, known more colloquially as “muscle bound.” Nonetheless, some athletes took up barbells despite that conventional wisdom and helped play a vital role in dispelling the notion that weight training would hamper athletic performance. Gale Gillingham was one of those athletes. He began weight training as an adolescent and continued to train throughout his career in intercollegiate and professional football. The size, strength, and speed he developed through long-term strength training enabled him to become an all-conference player in college, first-round draft pick in the National Football League, and a 6-time All-Pro offensive lineman. In addition to his dedication to regular training, Gillingham was innovative in the way he lifted, incorporating very high intensity and partial lifts as regular components of his workouts. Despite his many accolades, Gillingham has not received the attention he deserves for his pioneering role in demonstrating the utility of long-term strength training to enhance athletic performance. This article seeks to correct that oversight and discusses his career, training, and contributions to the field of strength and conditioning.
The Neural Mechanism of the Social Framing Effect: Evidence from fMRI and tDCS Studies
Authors: Liu Jie , Gu Ruolei , Liao Chong , Lu Juanzhi , Fang Yuxing , Xu Pengfei , Luo Yue-jia , Cui Fang 
Published: April 2020

As an important cognitive bias, the framing effect shows that our decision preferences are sensitive to the verbal description (i.e., frame) of options. This study focuses on the neural underpinnings of the social framing effect, which is based on decision-making regarding other people. A novel paradigm was used in which participants made a trade-off between economic benefits and the feelings of others. This decision was described as either a “harm” to, or “not helping,” other persons in two conditions (Harm frame vs Help frame). Both human males and females were recruited. Participants behaved more prosocially for Harm frame compared with Help frame, resulting in a significant social framing effect. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, Experiment 1 showed that the social framing effect was associated with stronger activation in the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), especially its right part. The functional connectivity between the right TPJ (rTPJ) and medial prefrontal cortex predicted the social framing effect on the group level. In Experiment 2, we used transcranial direct current stimulation to modulate the activity of the rTPJ and found that the social framing effect became more prominent under anodal (excitatory) stimulation, while the nonsocial framing effect elicited by the economic gain/loss gambling frame remained unaffected. The rTPJ results might be associated with moral conflicts modulated by the social consequences of an action or different levels of mentalizing with others under different frame conditions, but alternative interpretations are also worth noting. These findings could help elucidate the psychological mechanisms of the social framing effect.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrevious studies have suggested that the framing effect is generated from an interaction between the amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex. This opinion, however, is based on findings from nonsocial framing tasks. Recent research has highlighted the importance of distinguishing between the social and nonsocial framing effects. The current study focuses on the social framing effect and finds out that the temporoparietal junction and its functional connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex play a significant role. Additionally, modulating the activity of this region leads to changes in social (but not nonsocial) framing effect. Broadly speaking, these findings help understand the difference in neural mechanisms between social and nonsocial decision-making. Meanwhile, they might be illuminating to promote helping behavior in society.
Type I Interferons Act Directly on Nociceptors to Produce Pain Sensitization: Implications for Viral Infection-Induced Pain
Authors: Barragán-Iglesias Paulino , Franco-Enzástiga Úrzula , Jeevakumar Vivekanand , Shiers Stephanie , Wangzhou Andi , Granados-Soto Vinicio , Campbell Zachary T. , Dussor Gregory , Price Theodore J. 
Published: April 2020

One of the first signs of viral infection is body-wide aches and pain. Although this type of pain usually subsides, at the extreme, viral infections can induce painful neuropathies that can last for decades. Neither of these types of pain sensitization is well understood. A key part of the response to viral infection is production of interferons (IFNs), which then activate their specific receptors (IFNRs) resulting in downstream activation of cellular signaling and a variety of physiological responses. We sought to understand how type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β) might act directly on nociceptors in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) to cause pain sensitization. We demonstrate that type I IFNRs are expressed in small/medium DRG neurons and that their activation produces neuronal hyper-excitability and mechanical pain in mice. Type I IFNs stimulate JAK/STAT signaling in DRG neurons but this does not apparently result in PKR-eIF2α activation that normally induces an anti-viral response by limiting mRNA translation. Rather, type I IFNs stimulate MNK-mediated eIF4E phosphorylation in DRG neurons to promote pain hypersensitivity. Endogenous release of type I IFNs with the double-stranded RNA mimetic poly(I:C) likewise produces pain hypersensitivity that is blunted in mice lacking MNK-eIF4E signaling. Our findings reveal mechanisms through which type I IFNs cause nociceptor sensitization with implications for understanding how viral infections promote pain and can lead to neuropathies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is increasingly understood that pathogens interact with nociceptors to alert organisms to infection as well as to mount early host defenses. Although specific mechanisms have been discovered for diverse bacterial and fungal pathogens, mechanisms engaged by viruses have remained elusive. Here we show that type I interferons, one of the first mediators produced by viral infection, act directly on nociceptors to produce pain sensitization. Type I interferons act via a specific signaling pathway (MNK-eIF4E signaling), which is known to produce nociceptor sensitization in inflammatory and neuropathic pain conditions. Our work reveals a mechanism through which viral infections cause heightened pain sensitivity
Screening Tools for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Primary Care: A Systematic Evidence Review
Authors: Levy Susan E. , Wolfe Audrey , Coury Daniel , Duby John , Farmer Justin , Schor Edward , Van Cleave Jeanne , Warren Zachary 
Published: April 2020

CONTEXT:
Recommendations conflict regarding universal application of formal screening instruments in primary care (PC) and PC-like settings for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

OBJECTIVES:
We systematically reviewed evidence for universal screening of children for ASD in PC.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched Medline, PsychInfo, Educational Resources Informational Clearinghouse, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature.

STUDY SELECTION:
We included studies in which researchers report psychometric properties of screening tools in unselected populations across PC and PC-like settings.

DATA EXTRACTION:
At least 2 authors reviewed each study, extracted data, checked accuracy, and assigned quality ratings using predefined criteria.

RESULTS:
We found evidence for moderate to high positive predictive values for ASD screening tools to identify children aged 16 to 40 months and 1 study for ≥48 months in PC and PC-like settings. Limited evidence evaluating sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of instruments was available. No studies directly evaluated the impact of screening on treatment or harm.

LIMITATIONS:
Potential limitations include publication bias, selective reporting within studies, and a constrained search.

CONCLUSIONS:
ASD screening tools can be used to accurately identify percentages of unselected populations of young children for ASD in PC and PC-like settings. The scope of challenges associated with establishing direct linkage suggests that clinical and policy groups will likely continue to guide screening practices. ASD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder associated with significant life span costs.1,2 Growing evidence supports functional gains and improved outcomes for young children receiving intensive intervention, so early identification on a population level is a pressing public health challenge.3,4
LA GESTIÓN DEL CONFLICTO EN EL ÁMBITO LABORAL DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES TURÍSTICAS: UNA HERRAMIENTA DE MARKETING INTERNO
Authors: Paradinas Márquez María del Carmen 
Published: April 2020

El objeto de este estudio es realizar una revisión bibliográfica que permita conocer el estado del arte en cuanto a la gestión del conflicto en el ámbito laboral de las organizaciones turísticas y su relación con las herramientas empleadas por éstas para fomentar el sentimiento de pertenencia de sus empleados a la organización y a su vez que los mismos puedan ser embajadores de marca. Así, los programas de prevención y gestión de los conflictos surgidos entre las personas empleadas por la organización pueden enmarcarse dentro de las herramientas llevadas a cabo por las empresas en el entorno del marketing interno o “employer breanding” interno y, de esta forma, crear una importante ventaja competitiva frente a los competidores. Para ello se ha procedido al análisis de tesis doctorales, publicaciones de investigación y divulgación científica, libros y sitios previamente contrastados para amparar su fiabilidad. Introduciendo diversos criterios de búsqueda selectiva que hicieron posible extraer los documentos más relevantes para la investigación. Los resultados sugieren que, aunque hay numerosos estudios relacionados con la gestión del conflicto en las organizaciones, son pocos, comparativamente hablando, los que se focalizan en el sector turístico. Igualmente se observa que es escasa la bibliografía que analiza la prevención y gestión del conflicto como una herramienta relevante en cuanto al marketing interno.
Comparative analysis of the rate of microorganism detection in the prostatic fluid and ejaculate using real-time polymerase chain reaction in patients with category IV chronic prostatitis
Authors: Pochernikov D. G. , Getman V. V. , Postovoytenko N. T. , Rysev D. M. , Galkina I. S. 
Published: April 2020

The study objective is to compare the rate of detection of various microorganisms in the prostatic fluid and ejaculate using real-time polymerase chain reaction in patients with category IV chronic prostatitis.Materials and methods. Between December of 2016 and July 2019, a prospective study including 81 patients with category IV chronic prostatitis per the National Institutes of Health Prostatitis Syndrome Classification (1999) was performed. The patients referred to the clinic of the Ivanovo State Medical Academy for preconception preparation, infertility or erectile disfunction. At the examination, all patients lacked symptoms characteristic of category II or III chronic prostatitis. Transrectal ultrasound of the prostate, microscopic examination of the prostatic fluid and (or) ejaculate, quantitative examination of urogenital tract microbiota using real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed.Results. Comparison of microbiota of the prostatic fluid and ejaculate showed significant differences in the total amount of bacterial mass: in the prostatic fluid mean titer was 3.7 ± 1.6, in the ejaculate it was 2.6 ± 1.8 (p <0.001). Prostatic fluid contained significantly more of the following microorganisms: Enterobacteriaceae spp./Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium, Eubacterium, Anaerococcus (p <0.05). No significant differences in the amounts of other microorganisms were observed.Conclusion. The study demonstrates significant heterogeneity of qualitative and quantitative microbiota content in the prostatic fluid and ejaculate. Supposedly, it can be explained by anatomical and physiological characteristics of the prostate, seminal vesicles and periurethral glands that secrete fluid for the ejaculate. The ejaculate contains less microorganisms compared to prostatic fluid which should be taken into account in differential diagnosis of infections of the urogenital tract.The authors declare no conflict of interest.All patients gave written informed consent to participate in the study.
Laparoscopic removal of a kidney tumor after superselective embolization of the kidney vessels
Authors: Zemlyansky V. V. , Zhukov O. B. , Kurmanov T. A. , Zhumagazin Zh. D. , Chinaliev A. M. 
Published: April 2020

The study objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of using superselective embolization of the renal arterial bed prior to organ-preserving laparoscopic kidney tumor resection.Materials and methods. At the Center for Urology, Kidney Transplantation and Nephrology of the National Research Oncology Center (Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan) between 2015 and 2019 laparoscopic kidney tumor resection was performed in 45 patients; in 9 patients with stage T1 kidney tumors, superselective embolization was also performed. Mean age of the patients was 54 years, mean tumor diameter was 2.8 cm. Localization near the kidney pole and presence of an artery isolatedly supplying the tumor were the main indications for superselective embolization of the feeding artery prior to kidney resection.Results. Mean blood loss was 280 ml. Complications characteristic of post-embolization period (pain, fever, arterial hypertension), as well as loss of function of the organ, were absent 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure per laboratory and radiological examinations.Conclusion. Superselective embolization of the tumor feeding artery is an effective method allowing to minimize warm ischemia of the renal parenchyma and perform kidney resection with minimal blood loss.The authors declare no conflict of interest.All patients gave written informed consent to participate in the study and to the publication of their data.
Marginal Cumulative Logistic Model of General Order for Multi-way Contingency Tables
Authors: Yoshimoto Takuya , Tahata Kouji , Tomizawa Sadao 
Published: April 2020

For multi-way contingency table, Bhapkar and Darroch (1990) considered the marginal symmetry model for order h. The present paper proposes a marginal cumulative logistic model for order h. When h=1, this model reduces to the marginal logistic model (Agresti, 2002). It also gives a theorem that the marginal symmetry model for order h holds if and only if (i) the marginal cumulative logistic model for order h, (ii) the marginal moment equality model for order h, and (iii) the marginal symmetry model for order h-1 hold. A special case of this theorem with h=1 is identical to the result of Tahata, Katakura and Tomizawa (2007).
Inversion of Source Mechanisms for Single-Force Events Using Broadband Waveforms
Authors: Sheng Minhan , Chu Risheng , Wang Yong , Wang Qingdong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSource mechanism of a seismic event describes the kinematic process of the point source. In this article, we develop a CAPsf method to invert source mechanisms for single-force events, based on the generalized Cut-and-Paste algorithm. The CAPsf cuts broadband waveforms into body- and surface-wave segments and fits them independently to find the optimal force magnitude and direction, which are related to the volume and direction of the moving source, respectively. We apply the CAPsf method to the 10 October 2018 Baige landslide by the Jinsha River in Tibet to obtain the sliding direction and estimate its total volume. The result shows that the landslide slips approximately to the east with a dip angle of 36° and a total volume of 4.57×106∼1.90×107  m3. We also obtain the mechanism for initial source area of the 23 June 2017 Xinmo landslide using high-frequency body and surface waves. Both sliding directions and volumes inferred here agree with those measured from field observations, which validate our method.
A sociologia e o entre-lugar
Authors: Rugai Bastos Elide 
Published: April 2020

O texto afirma que Uma literatura nos trópicos, de Silviano Santiago, publicado em 1978, desafia a sociedade e a cultura brasileiras a se repensarem, tarefa difícil naquela conjuntura marcada pelas trevas. Centra-se no primeiro capítulo do livro, “O entre-lugar do discurso latino-americano”, para mostrar que a proposta do autor provoca a abertura de espaço para acolher esse desafio e alimenta a coragem para enfrenta-lo. Questionando a intransigência com o que destoa da norma estabelecida, do comportamento rotinizado, a categoria entre-lugar permite abandonar a ideia de unidade, pureza, homogeneidade cultural e introduzir a obrigatoriedade de reflexão sobre a alteridade e a heterogeneidade, conceitos que arejaram o pensamento contemporâneo. Ilustro esse papel na área das ciências sociais, em especial na sociologia. A expressão entre-lugar tornou-se instrumento fundamental para compreendermos o lugar da sociologia brasileira no cenário das ciências sociais cosmopolitas.
Relación del consumo de alcohol y el monitoreo parental con el inicio de las relaciones sexuales de los adolescentes escolarizados de Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez-López Amanda , Rico-Díaz Diana , Montero-Meneses Olga Lucía , Rubio-León Ángel Manuel 
Published: April 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar si existe relación del consumo de alcohol y el monitoreo parental con el inicio de las relaciones sexuales de los adolescentes. Se buscó identificar la relación entre el inicio sexual y el consumo de alcohol, la relación entre el inicio sexual y el monitoreo parental, y, finalmente, comparar los resultados del monitoreo parental según la percepción de los padres y de los hijos. Se toma una muestra de 1916 estudiantes y 570 padres. El diseño metodológico es de tipo descriptivo-correlacional, transversal, y se analiza por medio de la herramienta SPSS v.22. Los resultados indican que existe una relación entre el inicio de la vida sexual, el consumo de alcohol y el bajo nivel de monitoreo. La percepción del monitoreo ejercido por los padres en cuanto al paradero, las actividades y las relaciones de los hijos es similar en los dos grupos (adolescentes y padres). Los resultados permiten concluir la necesidad de planeación y ejecución de programas de prevención del consumo de alcohol y del inicio temprano de la actividad sexual en adolescentes, lo cual promueva la participación de la familia en consideración al monitoreo parental como factor protector.