bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damage Control Surgery may be a Safe Option for Severe Non‐Trauma Peritonitis Management: Proposal of a New Decision‐Making Algorithm
Authors: Ordoñez Carlos A. , Parra Michael , García Alberto , Rodríguez Fernando , Caicedo Yaset , Serna José Julián , Salcedo Alexander , Franco Josefa , Toro Luis Eduardo , Ordoñez Juliana , Pino Luis Fernando , Guzmán Mónica , Orlas Claudia , Herrera Juan Pablo , Aristizábal Gonzalo , Pata Francesco , Di Saverio Salomone 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDamage control surgery (DCS) has emerged as a new option in the management of non‐traumatic peritonitis patients to increase survival in critically ill patients. The purpose of this study was to compare DCS with conventional strategy (anastomosis/ostomies in the index laparotomy) for severe non‐traumatic peritonitis regarding postoperative complications, ostomy rate, and mortality and to propose a useful algorithm in the clinical practice.MethodsPatients who underwent an urgent laparotomy for non‐trauma peritonitis at a single level I trauma center in Colombia between January 2003 and December 2018, were retrospectively included. We compared patients who had DCS management versus definitive initial surgical management (DISM) group. We evaluated clinical outcomes and morbidities among groups.Results290 patients were included; 81 patients were treated with DCS and 209 patients underwent DISM. Patients treated with DCS had a worse critical status before surgery with higher SOFA score [median, DCS group: 5 (IQR: 3–8) vs. DISM group: 3 (IQR: 1–6), p < 0.001]. The length of hospital stay and overall mortality rate of DCS group were not significant statistical differences with DISM group. Complications rate related to primary anastomosis or primary ostomy was similar. There is not difference in ostomy rate among groups. At multivariate analysis, SOFA > 6 points and APACHE‐II > 20 points correlated with a higher probability of DCS.ConclusionDCS in severe non‐trauma peritonitis patients is feasible and safe as surgical strategy management without increasing mortality, length hospital of stay, or complications. DCS principles might be applied in the non‐trauma scenarios without increase the stoma rate.
9-Anthraldehyde oxime: a synthetic tool for variable applications
Authors: Ahmed Sarbast M. , Hussain Faiq H. S. , Quadrelli Paolo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Oximes are one of the most important and prolific functional groups in organic chemistry; among them, 9-anthraldehyde oxime represents a valuable example both from the preparative side and the synthetic applications. There are many strategies to prepare 9-anthraldehyde oxime from different functional groups that were summarized in the present review, focusing on the most recent and innovative. The main synthetic applications of 9-anthraldehyde oxime are presented and thoroughly discussed, focusing on the most recent and innovative synthetic strategies.

Graphic abstract
Scandium-rich ternary coloring variants of the cubic Ag7+xMg26–x type
Authors: Gulay Nataliya L. , Kalychak Yaroslav M. , Reimann Maximilian K. , Paulsen Christian , Kösters Jutta , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe scandium-rich intermetallic compounds Sc50T13In3(T = Ni, Ru, Pd) were synthesized from the elements in sealed tantalum crucibles in an induction furnace. The samples were studied through Guinier powder patterns and their structures were refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data. The Sc50T13In3phases are site occupancy (coloring) variants of the aristotype Ag7+xMg26–x(Fm$$ \bar{3} $$3¯,cF264). Refinements of the occupancy parameters indicated one mixed occupied site for each crystal, leading to the refined compositions Sc50Ni13.16(1)In2.84(1), Sc49.59(1)Ru13In3.41(1), and Sc50Pd13.65(2)In2.35(2). The complex structures can be explained by a condensation of cubes (CN 8), sphenocorona (CN 10), and icosahedra (CN 12). The samples with nickel and palladium are Pauli paramagnets.Graphic abstract
Die Spezialambulanz für Borderline-Störungen an der Universitätsklinik für Psychoanalyse und Psychotherapie
Authors: Fischer-Kern Melitta , Alexopoulos Johanna 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungIn dem Beitrag wird einleitend die Geschichte der Entstehung der Spezialambulanz für Borderline-Störungen an der Universitätsklinik für Psychoanalyse und Psychotherapie der Medizinischen Universität kurz umrissen. Die erstvorstelligen PatientInnen der letzten 35 Jahre werden im Hinblick auf die Häufigkeit von Persönlichkeitsstörungen sowie alters- und geschlechtsspezifischer Unterschiede beschrieben. Im Besonderen werden soziodemografische Charakteristika, Unterschiede im Zuweisungsmodus und der Therapieplanung bei PatientInnen mit einer Borderline-Störung herausgearbeitet.Im Hauptteil des Beitrags werden die Arbeitsschwerpunkte der Klinik (1) psychoanalytische Erstdiagnostik und Therapieplanung und (2) Durchführung von hochfrequenten psychoanalytischen Behandlungen beschrieben. In der Diagnostik von Persönlichkeitsstörungen orientieren wir uns an den von Otto Kernberg und MitarbeiterInnen entwickelten Instrumenten – das strukturelle Interview und das Strukturierte Interview zur Persönlichkeitsorganisation (STIPO). In der Behandlung von Borderline-Störungen haben wir neben der klassischen Psychoanalyse und der psychoanalytischen Psychotherapie eine Expertise in Übertragungsfokussierter Psychotherapie (TFP) erworben.Abschließend werden die Ziele und Erfolge der TFP in der psychotherapeutischen Behandlung von PateintInnen mit Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung anhand einer an der Klinik durchgeführten multizentrischen RCT-Studie beschrieben. Dabei werden neben der Symptomverbesserung die Veränderungen in der Mentalisierungsfähigkeit, der Persönlichkeitsorganisation und der Bindungssicherheit dargestellt und anhand einer Fallvignette erläutert.
A case of septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint with necrotic peri-articular infection and Lemierre’s syndrome: an unusual presentation
Authors: Døving Mats , Christensen Erik Egeland , Huse Lars Peder , Vengen Øystein 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is rare. It usually causes isolated, locoregional symptoms related to the infected intra-articular space but may also cause fever and malaise.

Case report
We present a case of a 72-year-old male with septic arthritis of the TMJ complicated by extensive peri-articular necrosis, septic shock, cerebral abscess, Lemierre’s syndrome, and a pathological fracture of the mandibular condyle.

Conclusion
Case reports describing such a severe course of the disease are few. Moreover, this is the first report of septic arthritis of the TMJ to cause Lemierre’s syndrome.
Management of perforated diverticulitis with generalized peritonitis. A multidisciplinary review and position paper
Authors: Nascimbeni R. , Amato A. , Cirocchi R. , Serventi A. , Laghi A. , Bellini M. , Tellan G. , Zago M. , Scarpignato C. , Binda G. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPerforated diverticulitis is an emergent clinical condition and its management is challenging and still debated. The aim of this position paper was to critically review the available evidence on the management of perforated diverticulitis and generalized peritonitis in order to provide evidence-based suggestions for a management strategy. Four Italian scientific societies (SICCR, SICUT, SIRM, AIGO), selected experts who identified 5 clinically relevant topics in the management of perforated diverticulitis with generalized peritonitis that would benefit from a multidisciplinary review. The following 5 issues were tackled: 1) Criteria to decide between conservative and surgical treatment in case of perforated diverticulitis with peritonitis; 2) Criteria or scoring system to choose the most appropriate surgical option when diffuse peritonitis is confirmed 3); The appropriate surgical procedure in hemodynamically stable or stabilized patients with diffuse peritonitis; 4) The appropriate surgical procedure for patients with generalized peritonitis and septic shock and 5) Optimal medical therapy in patients with generalized peritonitis from diverticular perforation before and after surgery. In perforated diverticulitis surgery is indicated in case of diffuse peritonitis or failure of conservative management and the decision to operate is not based on the presence of extraluminal air. If diffuse peritonitis is confirmed the choice of surgical technique is based on intraoperative findings and the presence or risk of severe septic shock. Further prognostic factors to consider are physiological derangement, age, comorbidities, and immune status. In hemodynamically stable patients, emergency laparoscopy has benefits over open surgery. Options include resection and anastomosis, Hartmann’s procedure or laparoscopic lavage. In generalized peritonitis with septic shock, an open surgical approach is preferred. Non-restorative resection and/or damage control surgery appear to be the only viable options, depending on the severity of hemodynamic instability. Multidisciplinary medical management should be applied with the main aims of controlling infection, relieving postoperative pain and preventing and/or treating postoperative ileus. In conclusion, the complexity and diversity of patients with diverticular perforation and diffuse peritonitis requires a personalized strategy, involving a thorough classification of physiological derangement, staging of intra-abdominal infection and choice of the most appropriate surgical procedure.
Acoustic Trauma Increases Ribbon Number and Size in Outer Hair Cells of the Mouse Cochlea
Authors: Wood Megan B , Nowak Nathaniel , Mull Keira , Goldring Adam , Lehar Mohamed , Fuchs Paul Albert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOuter hair cells (OHCs) in the mouse cochlea are contacted by up to three type II afferent boutons. On average, only half of these are postsynaptic to presynaptic ribbons. Mice of both sexes were subjected to acoustic trauma that produced a threshold shift of 44.2 ± 9.1 dB 7 days after exposure. Ribbon synapses of OHCs were quantified in post-trauma and littermate controls using immunolabeling of CtBP2. Visualization with virtual reality was used to determine 3-D cytoplasmic localization of CtBP2 puncta to the synaptic pole of OHCs. Acoustic trauma was associated with a statistically significant increase in the number of synaptic ribbons per OHC. Serial section TEM was carried out on similarly treated mice. This also showed a significant increase in the number of ribbons in post-trauma OHCs, as well as a significant increase in ribbon volume compared to ribbons in control OHCs. An increase in OHC ribbon synapses after acoustic trauma is a novel observation that has implications for OHC:type II afferent signaling. A mathematical model showed that the observed increase in OHC ribbons considered alone could produce a significant increase in action potentials among type II afferent neurons during strong acoustic stimulation.
Post-colonial trade between Russia and former Soviet republics: back to big brother?
Authors: Mazhikeyev Arman , Edwards T. Huw 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe examine the developments in trade patterns between the former Soviet republics in the years following the initial breakup shock. After a huge fall following the Soviet breakup of the early 1990s, Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) trade with Russia began improving, and there have been recent formal efforts at Eurasian Economic Integration. This might be taken, a priori, as contrary to the hypothesis of gradual decline in Head, Mayer and Ries (HMR in J Int Econ 81(1):1–14, 2010)—or perhaps as evidence of the power of restored trade agreements, such as the incipient Eurasian Economic Union. We decompose the region’s trade into theory-consistent ‘gravity’ components, in order to analyze dynamic changes in the components since the Soviet era. Despite the sharp falls after 1991, trade in 1995 still shows strong ties, consistent with high dyadic (country pair) components linked to trade specialization. By contrast, in the second decade, the ties (dyads) began to weaken significantly and calibrated trade costs tend to rise, despite attempts at renewed integration. Rather, the sharp improvement in trade volumes was mainly due to the sharp recoveries in GDP levels for both Russia and many of the Central Asian Countries, associated with improvements in the global economy and economic ties with the World (especially with EU and China). We would therefore conclude that the recovery in trade between Russia and Central Asia reflects monadic factors (i.e., the regional economic recovery) and does not contradict the HMR (2010) hypothesis. Nevertheless, further, dynamic analysis shows that there are strong long-run ties within the CIS and Russia, which are not declining, and that sticky post-colonial adjustment does not appear set to eliminate the current bias of trade between these republics.
Mathematics, ethics and purism: an application of MacIntyre’s virtue theory
Authors: Ernest Paul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA traditional problem of ethics in mathematics is the denial of social responsibility. Pure mathematics is viewed as neutral and value free, and therefore free of ethical responsibility. Applications of mathematics are seen as employing a neutral set of tools which, of themselves, are free from social responsibility. However, mathematicians are convinced they know what constitutes good mathematics. Furthermore many pure mathematicians are committed to purism, the ideology that values purity above applications in mathematics, and some historical reasons for this are discussed. MacIntyre’s virtue ethics accommodates both the good mathematician (and good pure mathematics) and the ethics of the social practice of mathematics. It demonstrates that purism is compatible with acknowledging the social responsibility of mathematics. Four aspects of this responsibility are mentioned, two concerning the impact of mathematics via education, and two concerning explicit and implicit applications of mathematics. The last of these opens up the performativity of mathematical and measurement applications in society, which change the very processes they are supposed to measure. Although these applications are not explored in detail, they illustrate the importance of considering the ethics and social responsibility of mathematics in society. MacIntyre’s virtue theory opens a broad approach to the controversial topic of the ethics of mathematics encompassing purism, and absolutist and social constructivist philosophies of mathematics, but still enabling ethical critiques of the impact of mathematics on society.
Serotonin: a platelet hormone modulating cardiovascular disease
Authors: Rieder Marina , Gauchel Nadine , Bode Christoph , Duerschmied Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCardiovascular diseases and depression are significant health burdens and increasing evidence suggests a causal relationship between them. The incidence of depression among patients suffering from cardiovascular disease is markedly elevated, and depression itself is an established cardiovascular risk factor. Serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamin (5-HT), a biogenic amine acting as a neurotransmitter and a peripheral hormone, is involved in the pathogenesis of both, cardiovascular disease and depression. Novel cardiovascular functions of 5-HT have recently been described and will be summarized in this review. 5-HT has a broad spectrum of functions in the cardiovascular system, yet the clinical or experimental data are partly conflicting. There is further research needed to characterize the clinical effects of 5-HT in particular tissues to enable targeted pharmacological therapies.
Seasonal dynamics modifies fate of oxygen, nitrate, and organic micropollutants during bank filtration — temperature-dependent reactive transport modeling of field data
Authors: Barkow Isolde S. , Oswald Sascha E. , Lensing Hermann-Josef , Munz Matthias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBank filtration is considered to improve water quality through microbially mediated degradation of pollutants and is suitable for waterworks to increase their production. In particular, aquifer temperatures and oxygen supply have a great impact on many microbial processes. To investigate the temporal and spatial behavior of selected organic micropollutants during bank filtration in dependence of relevant biogeochemical conditions, we have set up a 2D reactive transport model using MODFLOW and PHT3D under the user interface ORTI3D. The considered 160-m-long transect ranges from the surface water to a groundwater extraction well of the adjacent waterworks. For this purpose, water levels, temperatures, and chemical parameters were regularly measured in the surface water and groundwater observation wells over one and a half years. To simulate the effect of seasonal temperature variations on microbial mediated degradation, we applied an empirical temperature factor, which yields a strong reduction of the degradation rate at groundwater temperatures below 11 °C. Except for acesulfame, the considered organic micropollutants are substantially degraded along their subsurface flow paths with maximum degradation rates in the range of 10−6 mol L−1 s−1. Preferential biodegradation of phenazone, diclofenac, and valsartan was found under oxic conditions, whereas carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole were degraded under anoxic conditions. This study highlights the influence of seasonal variations in oxygen supply and temperature on the fate of organic micropollutants in surface water infiltrating into an aquifer.
On the significance of borders: the emergence of endogenous dynamics
Authors: Kubin Ingrid , Gardini Laura 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe propose a prototype model of market dynamics in which all functional relationships are linear. We take into account three borders, defined by linear functions, that are intrinsic to the economic reasoning: non-negativity of prices; downward rigidity of capacity (depreciation); and a capacity constraint for the production decision. Given the linear specification, the borders are the only source for the emerging of cyclical and more complex dynamics. In particular, we discuss centre bifurcations, border collision bifurcations and degenerate flip bifurcations—dynamic phenomena the occurrence of which are intimately related to the existence of borders.
Below the surface: The application of implicit morpho-graphic regularities to novel word spelling
Authors: Heyer Vera 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious corpus studies have shown that the English spelling system is ‘morpho-graphic’ (Berg and Aronoff 2017) in that affixes are spelt in a consistent way (e.g., ‹ous› in famous) that distinguishes them from homophonous word endings without grammatical function (e.g., ‹us› in bonus). The present paper investigates if English spellers apply these regularities to the spelling of novel words implicitly and whether the application of those regularities is modulated by experience with the English writing system.Participants with varying degrees of expertise in the English writing system were asked to spell novel words ending in /əs/, which were presented orally in either an adjective context (i.e., biasing towards the affix spelling ‹ous›) or a noun context (i.e., biasing towards an alternative spelling such as ‹us›). The results showed that the adjective context elicited significantly more ‹ous› spellings than the noun context, indicating that participants applied morpho-graphic spelling regularities to novel words to mark the appropriate lexical category. Additionally, there was a modulation by spelling ability: The higher participants’ expertise in the English spelling system was, the more novel words they spelt according to morpho-graphic spelling regularities.In conclusion, English spellers are aware of the morpho-graphic spelling regularities without explicit instruction and apply these to novel words. They gradually induce the regularities from the input, which results in more robust rule application with increased experience and expertise in the English writing system.
Imaging of calcific tendinopathy around the shoulder: usual and unusual presentations and common pitfalls
Authors: Albano Domenico , Coppola Alessandra , Gitto Salvatore , Rapisarda Santi , Messina Carmelo , Sconfienza Luca Maria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRotator cuff calcific tendinopathy (RCCT) is a very common condition, characterized by calcium deposition over fibrocartilaginous metaplasia of tenocytes, mainly occurring in the supraspinatus tendon. RCCT has a typical imaging presentation: in most cases, calcific deposits appear as a dense opacity around the humeral head on conventional radiography, as hyperechoic foci with or without acoustic shadow at ultrasound and as a signal void at magnetic resonance imaging. However, radiologists have to keep in mind the possible unusual presentations of RCCT and the key imaging features to correctly differentiate RCCT from other RC conditions, such as calcific enthesopathy or RC tears. Other presentations of RCCT to be considered are intrabursal, intraosseous, and intramuscular migration of calcific deposits that may mimic infectious processes or malignancies. While intrabursal and intraosseous migration are quite common, intramuscular migration is an unusual evolution of RCCT. It is important also to know atypical regions affected by calcific tendinopathy as biceps brachii, pectoralis major, and deltoid tendons. Unusual presentations of RCCT may lead to diagnostic challenge and mistakes. The aim of this review is to illustrate the usual and unusual imaging findings of RCCT that radiologists should know to reach the correct diagnosis and to exclude other entities with the purpose of preventing further unnecessary imaging examinations or interventional procedures.
A generative flow-based model for volumetric data augmentation in 3D deep learning for computed tomographic colonography
Authors: Uemura Tomoki , Näppi Janne J. , Ryu Yasuji , Watari Chinatsu , Kamiya Tohru , Yoshida Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Deep learning can be used for improving the performance of computer-aided detection (CADe) in various medical imaging tasks. However, in computed tomographic (CT) colonography, the performance is limited by the relatively small size and the variety of the available training datasets. Our purpose in this study was to develop and evaluate a flow-based generative model for performing 3D data augmentation of colorectal polyps for effective training of deep learning in CADe for CT colonography.

Methods
We developed a 3D-convolutional neural network (3D CNN) based on a flow-based generative model (3D Glow) for generating synthetic volumes of interest (VOIs) that has characteristics similar to those of the VOIs of its training dataset. The 3D Glow was trained to generate synthetic VOIs of polyps by use of our clinical CT colonography case collection. The evaluation was performed by use of a human observer study with three observers and by use of a CADe-based polyp classification study with a 3D DenseNet.

Results
The area-under-the-curve values of the receiver operating characteristic analysis of the three observers were not statistically significantly different in distinguishing between real polyps and synthetic polyps. When trained with data augmentation by 3D Glow, the 3D DenseNet yielded a statistically significantly higher polyp classification performance than when it was trained with alternative augmentation methods.

Conclusion
The 3D Glow-generated synthetic polyps are visually indistinguishable from real colorectal polyps. Their application to data augmentation can substantially improve the performance of 3D CNNs in CADe for CT colonography. Thus, 3D Glow is a promising method for improving the performance of deep learning in CADe for CT colonography.