bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotics Before Removal of Percutaneously Inserted Central Venous Catheters Reduces Clinical Sepsis in Premature Infants
Authors: Reynolds Gail E. , Tierney Sarah B. , Klein Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the incidence of postcatheter removal clinical sepsis when antibiotics were infused prior to the removal of percutaneously inserted central venous catheters (PICCs).
METHODS: A retrospective chart review of premature neonates (n = 196) weighing ≤1250 g at birth with 218 PICC line removals in the presence or absence of antibiotics at a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between January 1, 2010, and May 31, 2012. Charts were reviewed looking for the presence of clinical sepsis defined as a sepsis workup including white blood cell count, differential, C-reactive protein, blood and/or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), and urine cultures along with at least 48 hours of antibiotic therapy given within 72 hours after removal of a PICC line. Antibiotics were considered present at line removal if given within 12 hours before catheter removal either electively or at completion of a planned course.
RESULTS: When antibiotics were given within 12 hours before PICC line removal, only 2% of the line removal episodes (1/48) resulted in a neonate developing clinical sepsis versus 13% (21/165) when no antibiotics were given prior to removal (p = 0.03, Fisher's exact test). Despite the increased use of elective antibiotics with line removal, there was no increase in total antibiotic usage due to the overall decrease in episodes of clinical sepsis or changes in antibiogram susceptibility patterns.
CONCLUSIONS: There was an 11% absolute decrease and a 6-fold relative decrease in postcatheter removal clinical sepsis events in premature neonates who received antibiotics prior to PICC line removal.
Current Opinions on Stress-Related Mucosal Disease Prevention in Canadian Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Authors: Ouellet Jérôme , Bailey Dennis , Samson Marie-Ève 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE: To describe current opinions about stress-related mucosal disease (SRMD) prevention in Canadian pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).METHODS: A 22-question survey covering several aspects of SRMD was sent to all identified PICU attendings in Canada.RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent of identified attendings completed the questionnaire. Thirty-eight percent were based in Quebec, 31% in Alberta, and 31% from other provinces. Most attendings (78%) had worked in a PICU for 6 years or more. When asked about risk factors for prescribing SRMD prevention drugs (more than 1 answer was accepted), the most popular answers were prior history of gastric ulceration/bleeding (33 respondents), coagulopathy (28 respondents), and major neurologic insult (18 respondents). Almost half of the attendings (48%) mentioned that they prescribe SRMD prophylaxis directly upon PICU admission to more than 25% of their patients. Forty-nine percent of respondents subjectively estimated that clinically significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB; defined as UGIB associated with either hypotension, transfusion within 24 hours of the event, or death) occurred in less than 1% of their patients. Fifty-seven respondents (93%) used ranitidine as first-line therapy (average dose: 4.1 mg/kg/day, mainly intravenously). As second-line therapy, 32 attendings (52%) used pantoprazole and 13 (21%) used omeprazole.CONCLUSIONS: Despite the paucity of guidelines on SRMD prevention and the low reported incidence of clinically significant UGIB, SRMD prevention is frequently used in Canadian PICUs. Ranitidine is the first-line drug used by most attendings.
Unlicensed and Off-Label Drug Use in Children Before and After Pediatric Governmental Initiatives
Authors: Corny Jennifer , Lebel Denis , Bailey Benoit , Bussières Jean-François 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVES: Governmental agencies (US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency) implemented initiatives to improve pediatric clinical research, starting in 1997 and 2007, respectively. The aim of this review was to quantify the unlicensed and off-label drug uses in children before and after these implementations.
METHODS: Literature review of unlicensed and off-label drug uses was performed on PubMed and Google-Scholar from 1985 to 2014. Relevant titles/abstracts were reviewed, and articles were included if evaluating unlicensed/off-label drug uses, with a clear description of health care setting and studied population. Included articles were divided into 3 groups: studies conducted in United States (before/after 2007), in Europe (before/after 2007), and in other countries.
RESULTS: Of the 48 articles reviewed, 27 were included. Before implementation of pediatric initiatives, global unlicensed drug use rate in Europe was found to be 0.2% to 36% for inpatients and 0.3% to 16.6% for outpatients. After implementation, it marginally decreased to 11.4% and 1.26% to 6.7%, respectively. Concerning off-label drug use rates, it was found to be 18% to 66% for inpatients and 10.5% to 37.5% for outpatients before the implementation. After implementation, it decreased marginally to 33.2% to 46.5% and to 3.3% to 13.5%, respectively. In other countries, unlicensed and off-label drug use rates were found to be, respectively, 8% to 27.3% and 11% to 47%.
CONCLUSIONS: Governmental initiatives to improve clinical research conducted in children seem to have had a marginal effect to decrease the unlicensed and off-label drug uses prevalence in Europe.
Barbiturate Induction for the Prevention of Emergence Agitation after Pediatric Sevoflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Use Tadasuke , Nakahara Haruna , Kimoto Ayako , Beppu Yuki , Yoshimura Maki , Kojima Toshiyuki , Fukano Taku 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVES: Emergence agitation (EA) is a common and troublesome problem in pediatric patients recovering from general anesthesia. The incidence of EA is reportedly higher after general anesthesia maintained with sevoflurane, a popular inhalational anesthetic agent for pediatric patients. We conducted this prospective, randomized, double-blind study to test the effect of an intravenous ultra-short–acting barbiturate, thiamylal, administered during induction of general anesthesia on the incidence and severity of EA in pediatric patients recovering from Sevoflurane anesthesia.METHODS: Fifty-four pediatric patients (1 to 6 years of age) undergoing subumbilical surgeries were randomized into 2 groups. Patients received either intravenous thiamylal 5mg/kg (Group T) or inhalational Sevoflurane 5% (Group S) as an anesthetic induction agent. Following induction, general anesthesia was maintained with Sevoflurane and nitrous oxide (N2O) in both groups. To control the intra- and post-operative pain, caudal block or ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric block was performed. The incidence and severity of EA were evaluated by using the Modified Objective Pain Scale (MOPS: 0 to 6) at 15 and 30 min after arrival in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU).RESULTS: Fifteen minutes after arrival in the PACU, the incidence of EA in Group T (28%) was significantly lower than in Group S (64%; p = 0.023) and the MOPS in Group T (median 0, range 0 to 6) was significantly lower than in Group S (median 4, range 0 to 6; p = 0.005). The interval from discontinuation of Sevoflurane to emergence from anesthesia was not significantly different between the 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS: Thiamylal induction reduced the incidence and severity of EA in pediatric patients immediately after Sevoflurane anesthesia.
Museos pedagógicos universitarios en ciudades educadoras del tiempo presente: divulgación del patrimonio histórico educativo
Authors: Álvarez Pablo 
Published: October 2020

Reclamar la importancia de la educación en la ciudad es una demanda histórica y un reto emergente para la sociedad actual, a la que se le encomienda velar por el desarrollo cultural y formativo de sus habitantes. La Historia de la Educación como disciplina, tiene en sus manos la oportunidad de desarrollar una política de divulgación científica propia que acerque el conocimiento histórico educativo a la sociedad, con el fin de poner en valor la cultura de la escuela e implicar a la ciudadanía en el estudio y difusión del patrimonio educativo. La historia más reciente ha puesto de manifiesto que en el proceso de socialización y difusión del conocimiento a la comunidad, tienen un importante protagonismo las Universidades. Ese artículo, de corte descriptivo, trata de argumentar que la comunidad de investigación en Historia de la Educación encuentra en los Museos Pedagógicos universitarios un novedoso recurso didáctico para divulgar el conocimiento patrimonial histórico educativo y desarrollar su compromiso sociocultural con la sociedad. El trabajo, centrándose en el caso del Museo Pedagógico de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Sevilla (España), trata de estudiar su papel en el desarrollo de su función divulgativa y de transferencia del conocimiento para acercar el patrimonio educativo a quienes componen la ciudad, detallando el conjunto de formas, acciones y actividades de divulgación que realiza. Concluye con que mediante las mismas, el museo contribuye a la formación de una cultura histórico-educativa en la ciudadanía.
20 år med Øresundsbron – fra et grænsefjerner- til et grænseværner-perspektiv
Authors: Andresen Britt 
Published: October 2020

Fortællingen om den dansk-svenske grænse er i dag meget anderledes, end den var nogle få år efter åbningen af Øresundsbron i 2000. Dengang tilbage i starten af 00’erne fremmede de dansk-svenske samarbejdsorganisationer narrativet om den fælles dansk-svenske region, hvor indbyggerne havde en fælles identitet som øresundsborgere. Det var dog to mere enkle narrativer, der fik en mere almen udbredelse – at det var billigt at bosætte sig i Sverige, og at mange unge svenskere fik/havde arbejde i de danske butikker. De er en del af det grænsefjerner-narrativ, som jeg i denne artikel argumenterer for var dominerende i 00’erne. Flygtningekrisen i 2015 blev startskuddet til et nyt narrativ om den dansk-svenske grænse – et grænseværner-narrativ. Flygtningekrisen påvirkede og synliggjorde den dansk-svenske grænse både fysisk og mentalt. Vi fik grænsekontroller og for en tid også id-kontroller. Siden har den grænseoverskridende kriminalitet yderligere støttet det nye grænseværner-narrativ. Fokus er i dag rettet mod det, man ikke vil have fra Sverige, kriminalitet og bombesprængninger.
Anmeldelse: Lane Kenworthy (2020), Social Democratic Capitalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Authors: Etzerodt Søren Frank , Andersen Magnus 
Published: October 2020

Den amerikanske professor i sociologi Lane Kenworthy er vild med den måde, Danmark og de nordiske lande har indrettet deres samfund på. Det har han skrevet (endnu) en bog om, som bærer titlen Social Democratic Capitalism. Bogen kan i vid udstrækning ses som en opfølger til Social Democratic America (2014), der blev positivt modtaget både i akademiske kredse og det bredere (centrum-venstre-orienterede) publikum i USA.
Vertical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the brackish sea water column: ex situ experiment
Authors: Kryzevicius Zilvinas , Mickuviene Kristina , Bucas Martynas , Vilkiene Monika , Zukauskaite Audrone 
Published: October 2020

Background
Oil spills can cause severe damage within a marine ecosystem. Following a spill, the soluble fraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is rapidly released into the water column. These remain dissolved in seawater over an extended period of time, even should the insoluble fraction be removed. The vertical distribution of the aromatic hydrocarbon component and how these become transferred is poorly understood in brackish waters. This study examines the vertical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having been released from a controlled film of spilled oil onto the surface of brackish water.

Methods
The study was undertaken under controlled conditions so as to minimize the variability of environmental factors such as temperature and hydrodynamics. The distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was measured in the dissolved and suspended phases throughout the 1 m water column with different intensity of water sampling: 1, 2, 4, 7, 72, 120, 336, 504 and 984 h.

Results
The total concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ranged from 19.01 to 214.85 ng L–1 in the dissolved phase and from 5.14 to 63.92 ng L–1 in the suspended phase. These hydrocarbons were released immediately following a controlled spill attaining 214.9 ng L–1 in the dissolved phase and 54.4 ng L–1 in the suspended phase near the cylinder bottom after 1–2 h. The 2–3 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dominated in the dissolved phase (60–80%), whereas the greater amount of 4–6 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (55–90%) occurred in the suspended phase. A relatively low negative correlation (rS = –0.41) was determined between the concentration of phenanthrene and suspended matter, whereas a high negative correlation (r = − 0.79) was found between the concentration of pyrene and suspended matter. Despite the differences in the relationships between the concentration ratio and amount of suspended matter the obtained regressions allow roughly to predict the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Use of Sentinel-1 Data in Flood Mapping in the Buna River Area
Authors: Abazaj Freskida , Hasko Gëzim 
Published: October 2020

Floods are one of the disasters that cause many human lives and property. In Albania, most floods are associated with periods of heavy rainfall. In recent years, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors, which provide reliable data in all weather conditions and day and night, have been favored because they eliminate the limitations of optical images.
In this study, a flood occurred in the Buna River region in March 2018, was mapped using SAR Sentinel-1 data. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of flood mapping using SAR images using different methodologies. Sentinel-1A / B SAR images of the study area were obtained from the European Space Agency (ESA).
Preprocessing steps, which include trajectory correction, calibration, speckle filtering, and terrain correction, have been applied to the images. RGB composition and the calibrated threshold technique have been applied to SAR images to detect flooded areas and the results are discussed here.
SMARCA4 mutations in KRAS‐mutant lung adenocarcinoma: a multi‐cohort analysis
Authors: Liu Liang , Ahmed Tamjeed , Petty William J. , Grant Stefan , Ruiz Jimmy , Lycan Thomas W. , Topaloglu Umit , Chou Ping‐Chieh , Miller Lance D. , Hawkins Gregory A. , Alexander‐Miller Martha A. , O’Neill Stacey S. , Powell Bayard L. , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Munden Reginald F. , Pasche Boris , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2020

KRAS is a key oncogenic driver in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Chromatin‐remodeling gene SMARCA4 is comutated with KRAS in LUAD; however, the impact of SMARCA4 mutations on clinical outcome has not been adequately established. This study sought to shed light on the clinical significance of SMARCA4 mutations in LUAD. The association of SMARCA4 mutations with survival outcomes was interrogated in four independent cohorts totaling 564 patients: KRAS‐mutant patients with LUAD who received nonimmunotherapy treatment from (a) The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and (b) the MSK‐IMPACT Clinical Sequencing (MSK‐CT) cohorts; and KRAS‐mutant patients with LUAD who received immune checkpoint inhibitor‐based immunotherapy treatment from (c) the MSK‐IMPACT (MSK‐IO) and (d) the Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center (WFBCCC) immunotherapy cohorts. Of the patients receiving nonimmunotherapy treatment, in the TCGA cohort (n = 155), KRAS‐mutant patients harboring SMARCA4 mutations (KS) showed poorer clinical outcome [P = 6e‐04 for disease‐free survival (DFS) and 0.031 for overall survival (OS), respectively], compared to KRAS‐TP53 comutant (KP) and KRAS‐only mutant (K) patients; in the MSK‐CT cohort (n = 314), KS patients also exhibited shorter OS than KP (P = 0.03) or K (P = 0.022) patients. Of patients receiving immunotherapy, KS patients consistently exhibited the shortest progression‐free survival (PFS; P = 0.0091) in the MSK‐IO (n = 77), and the shortest PFS (P = 0.0026) and OS (P = 0.0014) in the WFBCCC (n = 18) cohorts, respectively. Therefore, mutations of SMARCA4 represent a genetic factor leading to adverse clinical outcome in lung adenocarcinoma treated by either nonimmunotherapy or immunotherapy.
Tau pathology associates with in vivo cortical thinning in Lewy body disorders
Authors: Spotorno Nicola , Coughlin David G. , Olm Christopher A. , Wolk David , Vaishnavi Sanjeev N. , Shaw Leslie M. , Dahodwala Nabila , Morley James F. , Duda John E. , Deik Andres F. , Spindler Meredith A. , Chen‐Plotkin Alice , Lee Edward B. , Trojanowski John Q. , McMillan Corey T. , Weintraub Daniel , Grossman Murray , Irwin David J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the impact of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) co‐pathology on an in vivo structural measure of neurodegeneration in Lewy body disorders (LBD).MethodsWe studied 72 LBD patients (Parkinson disease (PD) = 2, PD‐MCI = 25, PD with dementia = 10, dementia with Lewy bodies = 35) with either CSF analysis or neuropathological examination and structural MRI during life. The cohort was divided into those harboring significant AD co‐pathology, either at autopsy (intermediate/high AD neuropathologic change) or with CSF signature indicating AD co‐pathology (t‐tau/Aβ1‐42 > 0.3) (LBD+AD, N = 19), and those without AD co‐pathology (LBD−AD, N = 53). We also included a reference group of 25 patients with CSF biomarker‐confirmed amnestic AD. We investigated differences in MRI cortical thickness estimates between groups, and in the 21 autopsied LBD patients (LBD−AD = 14, LBD+AD = 7), directly tested the association between antemortem MRI and post‐mortem burdens of tau, Aβ, and alpha‐synuclein using digital histopathology in five representative neocortical regions.ResultsThe LBD+AD group was characterized by cortical thinning in anterior/medial and lateral temporal regions (P < 0.05 FWE‐corrected) relative to LBD−AD. In LBD+AD, cortical thinning was most pronounced in temporal neocortex, whereas the AD reference group showed atrophy that equally encompassed temporal, parietal and frontal neocortex. In autopsied LBD, we found an inverse correlation with cortical thickness and post‐mortem tau pathology, while cortical thickness was not significantly associated with Aβ or alpha‐synuclein pathology.InterpretationLBD+AD is characterized by temporal neocortical thinning on MRI, and cortical thinning directly correlated with post‐mortem histopathologic burden of tau, suggesting that tau pathology influences the pattern of neurodegeneration in LBD.
A novel adaptive event‐triggered scheme for network descriptor systems with randomly occurring uncertainties and nonlinearities
Authors: Wang Yuzhong , Zhang Tie , Tong Can , Ma Limin , Ren Junchao 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the problem of event‐triggered control for network descriptor systems with randomly occurring uncertainties and nonlinearities. First, a novel adaptive event‐triggered scheme (AETC) is introduced to save more limited network resource. Second, by considering the network‐induced delay, randomly occurring uncertainties and nonlinearities, and the adaptive transmission scheme, a delay system method is used to build a novel time‐varying delay system model. Based on this model and Lyapunov function technology, sufficient stability conditions to verdict admissible and stabilization conditions to codesign the controller gain and the weighting matrix of the adaptive transmission scheme are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical simulation example and a comparing example are employed to illustrate the effectiveness and the advantageous performances of the proposed AETC.
Robust real‐time parameter estimation for linear systems affected by external noises and uncertainties
Authors: Agulhari Cristiano M. , Neto José M. M. , Lacerda Márcio J. , de Souza Ruhan P. P. , Castoldi Marcelo F. , Goedtel Alessandro 
Published: October 2020

SummaryA robust adaptive parameter estimation method, based on the application of a full‐order filter capable of rejecting exogenous disturbances, is proposed in this article. A linear matrix inequality condition is proposed to synthesize the desired robust filter, assuming the presence of a known input control with constraints. The filter uses the output of the system to estimate the desired signal that will be employed in the adaptive estimation procedure and, to assure robustness to exogenous noise and unstructured uncertainties, the guaranteed cost is minimized in the synthesis condition. The filtered signals are then applied to an adaptive procedure to estimate the unknown system's internal parameters, which is also proposed in this article. It is shown that lower values for the guaranteed cost from the disturbance input to the error output of the filter imply more accurate estimations of the parameters. The efficiency of the proposed estimation technique is illustrated through a simulated model and a physical system has been considered to validate real‐time estimation.
The Applications of Water‐in‐Salt Electrolytes in Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Liang Tingting , Hou Ruilin , Dou Qingyun , Zhang Hongzhang , Yan Xingbin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWater‐in‐salt electrolytes (WISEs) have attracted widespread attention due to their non‐flammability, environmental friendliness, and wider electrochemical stability window than conventional dilute aqueous electrolytes. When applied in the electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices, WISEs can offer many advantages such as high‐level safety, manufacturing efficiency, as well as, superior electrochemical performances. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a timely and comprehensive summary of WISEs and their EES applications. In this review, the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the WISEs are first introduced. Then, the research progresses of the WISEs using different metal salts and their analogues are summarized. Next, the current research progresses of WISEs applied in different EES devices (e.g., batteries and supercapacitors) as well as the insights into challenging and future perspectives are systematically discussed.
Nanoscale Ion Regulation in Wood‐Based Structures and Their Device Applications
Authors: Chen Chaoji , Hu Liangbing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIon transport and regulation are fundamental processes for various devices and applications related to energy storage and conversion, environmental remediation, sensing, ionotronics, and biotechnology. Wood‐based materials, fabricated by top‐down or bottom‐up approaches, possess a unique hierarchically porous fibrous structure that offers an appealing material platform for multiscale ion regulation. The ion transport behavior in these materials can be regulated through structural and compositional engineering from the macroscale down to the nanoscale, imparting wood‐based materials with multiple functions for a range of emerging applications. A fundamental understanding of ion transport behavior in wood‐based structures enhances the capability to design high‐performance ion‐regulating devices and promotes the utilization of sustainable wood materials. Combining this unique ion regulation capability with the renewable and cost‐effective raw materials available, wood and its derivatives are the natural choice of materials toward sustainability.