bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopically Guided Proximal Tibial Epiphysiodesis Screw Placement as Treatment of a Bilateral Partial Cranial Cruciate Ligament Injury in a Juvenile Dog
Authors: Olive Mélanie , Caron Alexandre , Fournet Alexandre , Vanel Maïa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to describe surgical technique of arthroscopically guided proximal tibial epiphysiodesis screw placement in the treatment of a bilateral partial cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture in a 5.6-month-old Golden Retriever. A 19-kg, 5.6-month-old female Golden Retriever was diagnosed with bilateral partial CrCL rupture. Proximal tibial epiphysiodesis was performed bilaterally under arthroscopic guidance. Arthroscopic stifle joint inspection was performed bilaterally with a 2.7 mm arthroscope. A medial port at the level of the distal one-third of the patella was used as camera portal. A lateral instrument port was positioned at the level of the distal one-third of the patella. A 3.0 mm diameter headless cannulated self-compressive screw was placed into the centre of the tibial cranial intercondyloid area as parallel as possible to the tibial shaft axis under arthroscopic control. Screw head was buried. Arthroscopic guidance allowed good accuracy in screw placement, specifically in its insertion point. However, the screw orientation was less satisfactory. The tibial plateau angle progressively decreased in both stifles to achieve 15 degrees on the left and 16 degrees on the right at the last follow-up. A varus deformity developed on both stifles. No clinical consequences were observed. Recurrence of right pelvic lameness occurred 1 year postoperatively because of a medial meniscal lesion, which necessitated partial caudal meniscectomy. Arthroscopically guided proximal tibial epiphysiodesis is technically feasible and is a minimally invasive treatment of CrCL injury in a juvenile dog.
Long-Term Neurodevelopmental and Functional Outcomes of Normally Developing Children Requiring PICU Care for Bronchiolitis
Authors: Shein Steven L. , Roth Elizabeth , Pace Elizabeth , Slain Katherine N. , Wilson-Costello Deanne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBronchiolitis is a common pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) illness and often affects generally healthy children, making it a promising disease in which to study long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. We previously found that approximately 15% of critical bronchiolitis patients have evidence of post-PICU morbidity using coarse definitions available in administrative data sets. In this study, we measured neurodevelopmental outcomes using four more precise tools. Children who had previously been admitted to our PICU with bronchiolitis were included; those with evidence of developmental delay at PICU admission were excluded. Approximately 1 to 2 years after PICU discharge, the parent of each subject completed two questionnaires (Ages and Stages Questionnaire and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Computer Adaptive Test). Each subject also underwent two in-person assessments administered by a certified examiner (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition, and the Amiel-Tison neurological assessment). For each domain of each test, a score of > 1 standard deviation below the norm for the subject's age defined “moderate” disability and a score ≥ 2 standard deviations below the norm defined “severe” disability. Eighteen subjects (median ages of 3.7 months at PICU admission and 2.3 years at testing) were enrolled, 17 of whom were supported by high-flow nasal cannula and/or mechanical ventilation. Fifteen children (83%) scored abnormally on ≥ 1test. Eight children (44%) had disabilities in ≥ 3 domains and/or ≥ 1 severe disability identified. Our findings that motor, language, and cognitive disabilities are commonly observed months to years after critical bronchiolitis require larger studies to confirm this finding, assess causality, and identify modifiable risk factors.
Arachnoid Cyst Causing an Oculomotor Nerve Palsy in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Hennein Lauren , Rasool Nailyn , Indaram Maanasa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn arachnoid cyst causing a compressive oculomotor nerve palsy is rare in the pediatric population. We describe a case of an acquired, partial oculomotor nerve palsy in a 3-year-old boy caused by an arachnoid cyst in the left crural cistern with associated amblyopia. The patient's amblyopia was aggressively treated, and he underwent cyst fenestration. Two months postoperatively, he continued to demonstrate a partial oculomotor palsy with improved visual acuity and recurrence of the cyst. This case demonstrates that cyst fenestration may not always resolve these paretic effects, cysts may recur after fenestration, and amblyopia must be treated in this setting.
The ensete in Gurage
Authors: Menuta Fekede 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The aim of this article is to investigate the way Gurage people
name the diverse ensete (Ensete ventricosum) varieties and how that
naming categorises varieties of the plant. It also attempts to describe lexical
entities associated with ensete and its products, meaning extensions of ensete names
and the associated vocabularies in everyday language use, such as in proverbs and
insults. The study follows cross-sectional research design and qualitative
methodology. Key consultant interviews and interview guides were used as a method
and tool, respectively. Eight key consultants from Gumer, Chaha, Inor, Ezha, and
Gyeta participated in the study. The findings show that there are about 71 ensete
varieties in Gurage. The people classify ensete varieties according to color, size,
value, propensity, source of the plant, height, and other variables. The lexical
nets related to the plant, its products and byproducts are significantly large and
qualify documenting them as part of lexicography. Some ensete variety names are
metaphorically used to insult someone, as in
gjɨnbwə ‘obese’ and in proverbs, as in
gjɨnbwə ɨhata birəzɨn t’onata
jɨmwəsɨn [Gynbuwe its.water heavy.on.it its.power it. seems.to
it] ‘When the ensete variety Gynbuwe carries much water in its stem, it considers
itself as an entity that has much power’. The study can help linguists,
anthropologists, and ethno-botanists in studying the interaction between man,
language and nature, in this case the ensete plant.
Ethnolinguistic perception and identity in Gurage
Authors: Bekele Birkie Emebet 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study was conducted with the objectives of exploring the
perceptions and attitudes of speakers towards language use and ethnolinguistic
identity within the complex sociopolitical and linguistic milieu of the Gurage
people in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State (SNNPRS) of
Ethiopia. In so doing, five out of twelve groups with relatively different
backgrounds were systematically selected for the study. Data was collected
concurrently via questionnaires and semi-structured in-depth interviews involving a
total of 386 participants. Respondents were asked to express their perceptions of
the associations of language and ethnicity, and feelings about belongingness to the
Gurage identity. The concurrent research design was informed by pragmatism as a
theoretical framework, so findings of the mixed methods approach were integrated at
the end for comparative descriptive analyses. The empirical data reveal that there
is an observably different pattern of perceived association of language and
ethnicity and varying senses of belongingness to the common Gurage identity across
sampled groups.
Manner of movement in Amharic
Authors: Yimam Baye 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Movement is a situation type with a source, a goal, a path,
timeline and a figure. It starts from the source, and heads towards the goal, along
the path, a timeline, and speed, and terminates at the centre of the goal. It
comprises sub-movements that define the main movement in subordinate clauses
predicated of compounds involving the verb ‘to say’. The path could be straight,
sloppy, bumpy, etc., which defines the movement as durative, iterative and
terminative. The speed can be slow, extra slow, fast or extra fast, which
characterizes the figure as sober or edgy, and his stature as awkward or elegant,
depending on the path, age and gender. This paper argues that both the manner of
movement and the behaviour of the figure are expressed in subordinate clauses of
extended verbal stems, derived adjectivals, nominals, and prepositional phrases, all
of which are treated here as manner adverbials necessitated by the lack a productive
category of lexical manner adverbs in the language.
Verbal derivations in Inor
Authors: Abza Tsehay 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the verbal derivation of Inor
(which is the group’s self-designation), formerly called Ennemor, its Amharic name,
a Peripheral Western Gurage language in the southern part of Ethiopia. Conducting
research on this topic is a task well worth doing, as a detailed work has not been
carried out on this area. Verbal derivation applies to the verb stem and has the
function of increasing or decreasing arguments, as well as conveying intensity,
reciprocity or reflexivity. It may do so by affixation or by altering the stem’s
morpho-phonological properties. However, not all root morphemes of a simplex stem
may apply to all the possible derivational processes. The linguistic data have been
collected from consultants. The findings show that affixes that are involved in the
verbal derivational processes in Inor are the passive prefix tə-,
and the causative prefixes a – and at- that are
attached to a template (Berhanu & Hetzron
2000: 39–44 for Inor, Rose
2007: 411 for Chaha). Another group of derivational morphemes (internal
root-morpheme modification) increases the number of consonants vis-à-vis the simplex
by reduplication of root-consonants, and insertion of an additional vowel
a after the first or second root-consonant in combination with
the passivizer tə-. The findings of this study also show that
certain derivations are only applicable to a restricted set of root-morphemes.
Durational variations in Oromo vowels
Authors: Negesse Feda , Amansa Tujube 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An acoustic study of vowels of Cushitic languages has not been
undertaken, though their vowels seem to exhibit durational variations. We wanted to
identify factors that would affect vowel length in Oromo, a Cushitic language widely
spoken in the Horn of Africa. Sixty-four speakers (F = 32,
M = 32) from four dialect areas of the language in Ethiopia
produced vowel data in different environments. An acoustic analysis of the data
showed that duration of the vowels varies significantly across dialects, with the
longest duration in the Eastern dialect and the shortest duration in the Western
dialect. Gender has no significant effect on duration of the vowels, but the vowels
have significantly longer duration when followed by voiced singletons than
voiceless, and when followed by voiced singletons than by voiced geminates.
Collectively, phonologically long vowels are two times longer than short ones, and
this difference is significantly affected by dialect and environment, but not by
gender. A significant variation was also observed among the vowels with regard to
their intrinsic duration. It is concluded that, besides phonological length, the
regional background of speakers and phonetic environment are key factors determining
duration of Oromo vowels.
The languages of Ethiopia
Authors: Ado Derib , Gelagay Almaz Wasse , Johannessen Janne Bondi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This book is part of the research work supported by the project
Linguistic Capacity Building, tools for the inclusive development of Ethiopia
(LCB),1 which has been working on the
development of resources and training of human power involved in linguistic work. The
works in this volume are papers presented at different international conferences
including the 46th North Atlantic Conference on Afroasiatic Linguistics, Long
Beach, California from 1–3 June 2018 and the 20th International Conference of
Ethiopian Studies, Mekele, Ethiopia from 1–5 October 2018 with support from the LCB
project. The researches focus on different languages in all the three language families
in the Afro-Asiatic phyla, namely Cushitic and Omotic and a Nilotic language from the
Nilo-Saharan phyla. This volume also included two papers on Ethiopian sign language, for
which there are no prior publications in any of the microlinguistic fields.
Ethiopia is home to more than 85 varieties of languages. There
have been a lot of grammatical descriptions and other linguistic works produced as PhD
dissertations and MA theses, mainly at Addis Ababa University. Nevertheless, most of the
works by PhD students and staff remain unpublished. This volume is a contribution
towards dissemination of linguistic research on Ethiopian languages conducted mostly by
staff and PhD students in Ethiopian universities. We believe that such collective
volumes give access to dissemination of research on Ethiopian languages while building
the capacity of the linguists involved.
In this introductory section, we present the genetic
classification, geographical distribution, population and functions of
the major Ethiopian languages. We also provide a brief overview on language and identity in contemporary Ethiopia. Then we give a short overview of this book: the
individual chapters and the reviewers.
Connectives and cyclicity
Authors: Ghezzi Chiara , Molinelli Piera 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on the formal and functional development of Italian allora (< Latin
ad illa(m) hora(m) [‘in that hour’]) ‘at that time, then, well’ considering its polyfunctionality and its
relationship with the functional space of dunque (‘then, therefore’). The developments of both forms revolve
around their functional domains as connectives and as discourse markers which over the centuries have shown different degrees of
functional overlap. Even though the two forms show a fairly stable functional overlap, since the twentieth century
allora has begun to replace dunque with increasing frequency in many discourse marker
functions. This substitution can be described in terms of a semantic–pragmatic cycle, while the formal development of
allora from Latin ad illa(m) hora(m) is an instance of a morphological cycle.
Parallels between the negative cycle and the rise of interrogative marking in French
Authors: Waltereit Richard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, I discuss a type of construction that is rarely if ever mentioned in connection with diachronic
cyclicity: wh-interrogative marking. In particular, I shall compare sentential negation with
wh-marking in French and point to interesting commonalities between the prototypical diachronic cycle (negation)
and interrogative marking. The pragmatic contrast between question types in Old French is shown to be mirrored in a similar
contrast in Modern French, with the previously “strong” est-ce que interrogative now being a weaker one. In
addition, I argue that reversal of anaphoric direction is another shared feature in the history of negation and of the
est-ce que interrogative.
Activated iridium oxide film (AIROF) electrodes for neural tissue stimulation
Authors: Frederick Rebecca A , Meliane I Yasmine , Joshi-Imre Alexandra , Troyk Philip R , Cogan Stuart F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective. Iridium oxide films are commonly used as a high charge-injection electrode material in neural devices. Yet, few studies have performed in-depth assessments of material performance versus film thickness, especially for films grown on three-dimensional (instead of planar) metal surfaces in neutral pH electrolyte solutions. Further, few studies have investigated the driving voltage requirements for constant-current stimulation using activated iridium oxide (AIROF) electrodes, which will be a key constraint for future use in wirelessly powered neural devices. Approach. In this study, iridium microwire probes were activated by repeated potential pulsing in room temperature phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.1–7.3). Electrochemical measurements were recorded in three different electrolyte conditions for probes with different geometric surface areas (GSAs) as the AIROF thickness was increased. Main results. Maintaining an anodic potential bias during the inter-pulse interval was required for AIROF electrodes to deliver charge levels considered necessary for neural stimulation. Potential pulsing for 100–200 cycles was sufficient to achieve charge injection levels of 2.5 mC cm−2 (50 nC/phase in a biphasic pulse) in PBS with 2000 µm2 iridium probes. Increasing the electrode surface area to 3000 µm2 and 4000 µm2 significantly increased charge-injection capacity, reduced the driving voltage required to deliver a fixed amount of charge, and reduced polarization of the electrodes during constant-current pulsing. Significance. This study establishes methods for choosing an activation protocol and a desired GSA for three-dimensional iridium electrodes suitable for neural tissue insertion and stimulation, and provides guidelines for evaluating electrochemical performance of AIROF using model saline solutions.
How urbanization enhanced exposure to climate risks in the Pacific: A case study in the Republic of Palau
Authors: Mason David , Iida Akiko , Watanabe Satoshi , Jackson Luke P , Yokohari Makoto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe increasing risk of coastal flooding and water shortage in Pacific Island Countries is usually attributed to climate change hazards. This ignores other risk components, exposure and vulnerability, of which a major contributor is urbanization.We develop simplified analyses that can be applied to other PICs. By dividing climate risks into hazard and exposure components we determine how urbanization contributed to present-day risks and then predict how growing climate change hazards may increase future risk, using the Republic of Palau as a case study.Results show that urbanization was responsible for 94% of the buildings exposed to coastal flooding today. Projected sea level rise, 30.2 cm by 2050, only increased exposure of today’s buildings by 0.5%. In both present and future scenarios exposure resultant from urbanization was more significant than sea level rise.Our water scarcity index showed urbanization caused 3 of the 7 recorded water shortages from 1980–2018. From 2041–2079, analysis of projected rainfall showed mean reductions between 1.6–16.6% and increased variance between 0.3–3.4%. This led to three times as many water shortages under present population levels. In historical and future scenarios exposure from increased population was just as significant in causing water shortages as rainfall variation.These findings suggest that urban management is an important tool to lower exposure to coastal flooding and water shortage and we recommend that decision makers prioritize urbanization within climate risk policy in Pacific Island Countries.
One from many: estimating a function of many parameters
Authors: Gross Jonathan A , Caves Carlton M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDifficult it is to formulate achievable sensitivity bounds for quantum multiparameter estimation. Consider a special case, one parameter from many: many parameters of a process are unknown; estimate a specific linear combination of these parameters without having the ability to control any of the parameters. Superficially similar to single-parameter estimation, the problem retains genuinely multiparameter aspects. Geometric reasoning demonstrates the conditions, necessary and sufficient, for saturating the fundamental and attainable quantum-process bound in this context.
Evaluation of strain-stress state of vertical tank reinforced by carbon tyre based on numerical researches in ANSYS PC
Authors: Vlasov V A , Klopotov A A , Plyaskin A S , Bunkov V E , Ustinov A M , Savintceva M E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of numerical studies of the stress-strain state of the models of a vertical cylindrical tank with corrosion wear and with the strengthening of the wall of the first ring by an external and internal composite tyre. Based on the results of the studies, the maximum percentage of corrosion wear of the wall of the first ring of the tank have been determined, and the dependences of the influence of the installation of the internal and external carbon composite tyre on the stress-strain state have been obtained.
Assessment of energy efficiency of yielding supports for reinforced concrete beams under dynamic loading
Authors: Kumpyak O G , Galyautdinov Z R , Galyautdinov D R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
When designing reinforced concrete structures subjected to intense dynamic loading, it is necessary to take into account the simultaneous influence of the thrust reaction, which leads to significant increase in strength and crack resistance, and the influence of yielding supports used to increase the energy intensity of structures. The purpose of this study is to assess feasibility of yielding supports application in thrust structures. The paper presents results of experimental studies of reinforced concrete beams with thrust on yielding supports under short-term dynamic loading. The paper considers the influence of thrust on strength, deformability and crack resistance of reinforced concrete structures under short-term dynamic loading, as well as the joint application of yielding supports and limitation of horizontal displacement of the support contour. The results of the study indicate positive effect of yielding supports application in structures with thrust.
Neural Correlates of Temporal Presentness in the Precuneus: A Cross-linguistic fMRI Study based on Speech Stimuli
Authors: Tang Long , Takahashi Toshimitsu , Shimada Tamami , Komachi Masayuki , Imanishi Noriko , Nishiyama Yuji , Iida Takashi , Otsu Yukio , Kitazawa Shigeru 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The position of any event in time could be in the present, past, or future. This temporal discrimination is vitally important in our daily conversations, but it remains elusive how the human brain distinguishes among the past, present, and future. To address this issue, we searched for neural correlates of presentness, pastness, and futurity, each of which is automatically evoked when we hear sentences such as “it is raining now,” “it rained yesterday,” or “it will rain tomorrow.” Here, we show that sentences that evoked “presentness” activated the bilateral precuneus more strongly than those that evoked “pastness” or “futurity.” Interestingly, this contrast was shared across native speakers of Japanese, English, and Chinese languages, which vary considerably in their verb tense systems. The results suggest that the precuneus serves as a key region that provides the origin (that is, the Now) of our time perception irrespective of differences in tense systems across languages.