bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amphibian thalamic nuclear organization during larval development and in the adult frog Xenopus laevis: Genoarchitecture and hodological analysis
Authors: Morona Ruth , Bandín Sandra , López Jesús M. , Moreno Nerea , González Agustín 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe early patterning of the thalamus during embryonic development defines rostral and caudal progenitor domains, which are conserved from fishes to mammals. However, the subsequent developmental mechanisms that lead to the adult thalamic configuration have only been investigated for mammals and other amniotes. In this study, we have analyzed in the anuran amphibian Xenopus laevis (an anamniote vertebrate), through larval and postmetamorphic development, the progressive regional expression of specific markers for the rostral (GABA, GAD67, Lhx1, and Nkx2.2) and caudal (Gbx2, VGlut2, Lhx2, Lhx9, and Sox2) domains. In addition, the regional distributions at different developmental stages of other markers such as calcium binding proteins and neuropeptides, helped the identification of thalamic nuclei. It was observed that the two embryonic domains were progressively specified and compartmentalized during premetamorphosis, and cell subpopulations characterized by particular gene expression combinations were located in periventricular, intermediate and superficial strata. During prometamorphosis, three dorsoventral tiers formed from the caudal domain and most pronuclei were defined, which were modified into the definitive nuclear configuration through the metamorphic climax. Mixed cell populations originated from the rostral and caudal domains constitute most of the final nuclei and allowed us to propose additional subdivisions in the adult thalamus, whose main afferent and efferent connections were assessed by tracing techniques under in vitro conditions. This study corroborates shared features of early gene expression patterns in the thalamus between Xenopus and mouse, however, the dynamic changes in gene expression observed at later stages in the amphibian support mechanisms different from those of mammals.
Exploring research regarding mediation party preferences and mediation within commercial arbitration
Authors: Storrow Rebecca , Coleman Harold 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMediation is a valued alternative dispute resolution process in commercial business disputes. When used prior to arbitration or litigation, mediation is helpful in narrowing disputes and supporting settlement. When included as a supplemental step within other processes, mediation has additional benefits. It is worthwhile to explore the barriers and benefits counsel cite regarding mediation. We will consider participants' underlying assumptions surrounding how and when to mediate using American Arbitration Association® (AAA) User Surveys and data from 2,814 AAA cases closed in 2018. Practice and extant literature indicate that early mediation reduces the financial, emotional, and relational costs of business disputes.
Screening Viologen Derivatives for Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Liu Yahua , Li Yuanyuan , Zuo Peipei , Chen Qianru , Tang Gonggen , Sun Pan , Yang Zhengjin , Xu Tongwen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractViologen derivatives have been developed as negative electrolyte for neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AOFBs), but the structure–performance relationship remains unclear. Here, it was investigated how the structure of viologens impacts their electrochemical behavior and thereby the battery performance, by taking hydroxylated viologens as examples. Calculations of frontier molecular orbital energy and molecular configuration promise to be an effective tool in predicting potential, kinetics, and stability, and may be broadly applicable. Specifically, a modified viologen derivative, BHOP‐Vi, was proved to be the most favorable structure, enabling a concentrated 2 m battery to exhibit a power density of 110.87 mW cm−2 and an excellent capacity retention rate of 99.953 % h−1.
Intergenerational effects of mother's early rearing experience on offspring treatment and socioemotional development
Authors: Sproul Bassett Ashley M. , Wood Elizabeth K. , Lindell Stephen G. , Schwandt Melanie L. , Barr Christina S. , Suomi Stephen J. , Higley James D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis longitudinal study spans two generations of rhesus monkeys. First, the study investigates the effects of early rearing experiences on the maternal behavior of first‐generation mothers (rates of premature infant rejection) and, second, the study investigates the effects of maternal rejection on the behavior of second‐generation infants. Rhesus macaque mother–infant dyads (Macaca mulatta—N = 176) were observed twice weekly, with each session lasting 300 s. First‐generation mothers were raised in one of three conditions: as mother‐reared controls (MR; [n = 95]), in peer groups (PR; raised without adults but with constant access to three same‐aged peers [n = 49]), or with an inanimate surrogate (SPR; raised with an inanimate fleece‐covered, surrogate mother and limited daily peer‐group interactions [n = 32]). Second‐generation infants were all raised by their differentially reared mothers and statistically grouped into one of two groups: those that were rejected by their mothers beginning at a more‐typical weaning age (controls), starting in the third month of life (n = 108), and those that were prematurely rejected, with mothers showing rejections before the third month of infant life (n = 68). Overall, PR mothers exhibited the highest rates of premature infant rejection, except for month 1 of infant life, when SPR mothers exhibited the highest rates of rejection. Intriguingly, after month 1, SPR mothers showed high rates of infant cradling and seldom rejected their infants. Independent of their mothers’ early rearing environment, prematurely rejected infants displayed more aggression and passive vigilance, and were cradled and groomed less by their mothers, and there was evidence that the overall rates of rejection after the first 2 months of life had a cumulative negative effect on the developing infant. Post hoc analyses of plasma cortisol levels showed that the prematurely rejected infants had higher cortisol concentrations, suggesting a high level of stress in the prematurely rejected infants. These results suggest that maternal presence during infancy has long‐term effects on a female's future maternal skills which, in turn, have intergenerational consequences for the socioemotional development of second‐generation infants.
Statins are associated with new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Medicare patients ≥65 years
Authors: Tangelloju Srikanth , Little Bert B. , Esterhay Robert J. , Brock Guy , LaJoie Scott 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the association of statins and co‐morbidities with new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients 65 years and older.MethodsThis retrospective study used de‐identified administrative healthcare claims and enrolment data from a Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug (MAPD) health plan offered by a large multistate healthcare company. The plan covered >2.4 million individuals, of whom >1.7 million individuals were ≥65 years. Of these, 265 554 individuals had continuous MAPD enrolment January 2008 to December 2015. The unadjusted model assessed demographic, pharmacy and T2DM co‐morbidities as covariates. Significant variables (P < .05) in the unadjusted model were then included in the adjusted model. The adjusted model used Cox proportional hazards to evaluate covariate effects. Matched propensity score analysis was used to analyse the association of statins and T2DM onset.ResultsThe cumulative rate of diagnosed T2DM onset in the study cohort was 4.82% (4314/89 390). Annualised incidence of T2DM diagnosis was 0.82%, 0.88%, 1.04% and 2.09% in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. T2DM onset was associated with male sex, non‐white (African American or Hispanic ethnicity), statin use, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, heart failure, lower limb ulceration, atherosclerosis, other retinopathy, angina pectoris, poor vision and blindness and absence ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Matched propensity score analysis showed that statin use was significantly associated with T2DM onset (Odds Ratio = 1.26, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.12‐1.41, P < .0001) in the adjusted model.ConclusionsAnalyses indicated that statin usage was associated with new onset T2DM after adjusting for covariates.
Plants use identical inhibitors to protect their cell wall pectin against microbes and insects
Authors: Kirsch Roy , Vurmaz Esma , Schaefer Carolin , Eberl Franziska , Sporer Theresa , Haeger Wiebke , Pauchet Yannick 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs fundamentally different as phytopathogenic microbes and herbivorous insects are, they enjoy plant‐based diets. Hence, they encounter similar challenges to acquire nutrients. Both microbes and beetles possess polygalacturonases (PGs) that hydrolyze the plant cell wall polysaccharide pectin. Countering these threats, plant proteins inhibit PGs of microbes, thereby lowering their infection rate. Whether PG‐inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) play a role in defense against herbivorous beetles is unknown. To investigate the significance of PGIPs in insect–plant interactions, feeding assays with the leaf beetlePhaedon cochleariaeonArabidopsis thaliana pgipmutants were performed. Fitness was increased when larvae were fed on mutant plants compared to wild‐type plants. Moreover, PG activity was higher, althoughPGgenes were downregulated in larvae fed onPGIP‐deficient plants, strongly suggesting that PGIPs impair PG activity. As low PG activity resulted in delayed larval growth, our data provide the first in vivo correlative evidence that PGIPs act as defense against insects.
Prognostic impact of angiographic findings, procedural success, and timing of percutaneous coronary intervention in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Sabell Tuija , Banaszewski Marek , Lassus Johan , Nieminen Markku S. , Tolppanen Heli , Jäntti Toni , Kataja Anu , Hongisto Mari , Køber Lars , Sionis Alessandro , Parissis John , Tarvasmäki Tuukka , Harjola Veli‐Pekka , Jurkko Raija 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsUrgent revascularization is the mainstay of treatment in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) related cardiogenic shock (CS). The aim was to investigate the association of angiographic results with 90‐day mortality. Procedural complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were also examined.Methods and resultsThis CardShock (NCT01374867) substudy included 158 patients with ACS aetiology and data on coronary angiography and complications during PCI procedure. Survival analysis was conducted with Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analysis. Median age was 67 ± 11 years, and 77% were men. During 90‐day follow‐up, 66 (42%) patients died. Patients with one‐vessel disease (n = 49) had lower mortality than patients with two‐vessel (n = 59) or three‐vessel (n = 50) disease (25% vs. 48% vs. 52%, P = 0.011). Successful revascularization [Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Flow 3 post‐PCI) was achieved more often in survivors than non‐survivors (81% vs. 60%, P = 0.019). The median symptom‐to‐balloon time was 340 (196–660) minutes, with no difference between survivors and non‐survivors. In multivariable mortality analysis, multivessel disease (HR 2.59, CI95% 1.29–5.18) and TIMI flow <3 post‐PCI (HR 2.41, CI95% 1.4–4.15) were associated with 90‐day mortality. Procedural PCI complications were recorded in 51 (35%) patients, arrhythmic complications being the most common (n = 32, 63%). The incidence of complications was similar between survivors and non‐survivors (31% vs. 42%, P = 0.21).ConclusionsMultivessel disease is associated with worse survival in ACS‐related CS. In patients undergoing PCI, arrhythmic complications were common, but not associated with excess mortality. Successful revascularization of the IRA had positive effect on outcome despite delay from symptom onset.
Matrix remodeling and mechanotransduction in in vitro chondrogenesis: Implications towards functional stem cell‐based cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Remya Nirmal S. , Nair Prabha D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStem cell‐based cartilage regeneration strategies take benefits from functional tissue engineering concepts that effectively exploit cells native mechanotransduction phenomenon for the development of in vitro cartilage constructs. In the present study, stem cell‐seeded constructs were subjected to a dynamic compression of 10% strain, 1 Hz, 4 hours/1 hour each for 7 days. Integrin and Integrin‐associated protein expression was evaluated using real‐time PCR to elucidate the possible mechanotransduction pathway. Matrix remodeling was analyzed by evaluating chondrocyte‐specific extracellular matrix genes as well as by expression of matrix metalloproteinases. The results suggest that dynamic compression significantly influences chondrogenesis by enhancing the expression of chondrocyte‐specific extracellular matrix genes. The results also propose the involvement of Integrin‐mediated signaling pathways in the mechanotransduction events on biomechanical stimuli‐assisted chondrogenesis of stem cells.
Research on large deformation mechanism of deep roadway with dynamic pressure
Authors: Fan Lei , Wang Weijun , Yuan Chao , Peng Wenqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the large deformation mechanism of deep dynamic pressure roadway is studied from the perspective of the formation and development of plastic zone, and creep and damage of rock mass. The results show that (a) the butterfly‐shaped plastic zone is a nonstable plastic zone, and its unique stress sensitivity and rock formation difference are important causes of disasters such as large deformation of deep roadway. (b) Established a creep model of anchored surrounding rock. Due to the existence of rock mass damage and creep, the range of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock is always dynamic. (c) Explain the mechanism of large deformation of surrounding rock in deep roadway. The source of large deformation of deep dynamic roadway lies in the formation of unstable plastic duct‐shaped zone, and the interference of external factors such as tectonic stress and mining disturbance is the main way to change the plastic zone from stable to unsteady. In addition, the increase in rock mass damage and creep promotes the continuous development of the plastic zone, which eventually leads to the large deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway. (d) Guided by the deformation mechanism of the surrounding rock in the deep dynamic pressure roadway, the corresponding roadway support technology was proposed for the test roadway, and the better support effect was obtained through the test.
Study on the rock‐breaking effect of water jets generated by self‐rotatory multinozzle drilling bit
Authors: Liu Yanbao , Ba Quanbin , He Lipeng , Shen Kai , Xiong Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderground radial drilling technique is a novel hydraulic stimulation technology, which is one of the important ways to realize precise, intelligent, and efficient extraction of the gas resources. There are many factors influencing the hole‐forming effect by water jet, such as nozzle arrangement and so on. Recently, the self‐rotatory multinozzle drilling bit is frequently used to improve the rock‐breaking effect of water jets. In this paper, to study the effects of inclination angle of forward nozzles and standoff distance, the ANSYS FLUENT combined with RNG turbulence model was adopted to analyze the multinozzle jets flow field. The results indicate that the components of axial velocity and tangential velocity of forward nozzle jets are different with inclination angles of forward nozzles. Moreover, there exists an optimal standoff distance of multinozzle drilling bit for rock breaking. Besides, the drilling test was conducted using the self‐developed drilling simulation system to investigate the effect of inclination angle, radial angle, standoff distance, and jet pressure on the rock‐breaking effect of water jet. Based on the rotating characteristic of rotary jet, the asymmetric inclined linear nozzle arrangement was proposed for the multinozzle drilling bit. And the results also show that the drilling bit with three forward nozzles has larger rock‐breaking zone in terms of jetted hole diameter. Besides, the depth of jetted hole decreased, while the hole diameter increased with the inclination angle of forward nozzle.
Sublethal Effects of Dermal Exposure to Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances on Postmetamorphic Amphibians
Authors: Abercrombie Sarah A. , de Perre Chloé , Iacchetta Michael , Flynn R. Wesley , Sepúlveda Maria S. , Lee Linda S. , Hoverman Jason T. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Studies of the toxicity of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on amphibians, especially after metamorphosis, are limited. We examined effects of dermal PFAS exposure (30 d) on survival and growth of juvenile American toads (Anaxyrus americanus), eastern tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum), and northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). Chemicals included perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS) at 0, 80, 800, or 8000 ppb on a moss dry weight basis. Exposure to PFAS influenced final snout–vent length (SVL) and scaled mass index (SMI), a measure of relative body condition. Observed effects depended on species and chemical, but not concentration. Anurans exposed to PFOS, PFHxS (frogs only), and 6:2 FTS demonstrated reduced SVL versus controls, whereas salamanders exposed to 6:2 FTS showed increased SVL. Frogs exposed to PFHxS and 6:2 FTS and toads exposed to PFOS had increased SMI compared to controls; salamanders did not demonstrate effects. Concentrations of 6:2 FTS in substrate decreased substantially by 30 d, likely driven by microbial action. Perfluorooctane sulfonate had notable biota–sediment accumulation factors, but was still &lt;1. Although a no-observable-effect concentration could not generally be determined, the lowest-observable-effect concentration was 50 to 120 ppb. Survival was not affected. The present study demonstrates that PFAS bioaccumulation from dermal exposures and sublethal effects are dependent on species, chemical, and focal trait. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:717–726. © 2020 SETAC
Microbial quality and formation of biogenic amines in the meat and edible offal of Camelus dromedaries with a protection trial using gingerol and nisin
Authors: Tang Hui , Darwish Wageh Sobhy , El‐Ghareeb Waleed Rizk , Al‐Humam Naser A. , Chen Lin , Zhong Rui‐Min , Xiao Zi‐Jun , Ma Jin‐Kui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aimed firstly at the investigation of the microbial status of the camel meat and edible offal including liver, kidneys, lungs, rumen, and duodenum distributed at local markets of Egypt. Total plate count, total psychrophilic counts, total Enterobacteriaceae count, the most probable number of coliforms, and total mold counts were monitored at the collected samples. The produced biogenic amines (BA) in the camel meat and offal were further estimated. An experimental trial to investigate the antimicrobial potentials of either nisin, gingerol, or an equal mixture of both using camel muscle as a food matrix was conducted. The achieved results declared a high microbial load in the camel meat and the offal. Duodenum and rumen had the highest microbial counts followed by lungs, kidneys, liver, and muscle, respectively. Similarly, duodenum and rumen had the highest levels of BA, including tyramine, spermine, putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine. Both of nisin and ginger showed significant antimicrobial properties in a concentration‐dependent manner. Thus, efficient hygienic measures during the handling of camel meat are highly recommended. In addition, using nisin, gingerol, or a mixture of both is an efficient strategy for improving the microbiological quality of the camel meat.
Development of Thin‐Film Composite Membranes from Aromatic Cardo‐Type Co‐Polyimide for Mixed and Sour Gas Separations from Natural Gas
Authors: Yahaya Garba O. , Choi Seung‐Hak , Sultan Melhan M. Ben , Hayek Ali 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe consumption of natural gas (NG) is rapidly increasing worldwide as it is becoming the second largest fuel source after coal. However, many of the world gas reserves contain high levels of subquality NG including the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitrogen (N2), benzene/toluene/xylene (BTX) etc., in varying amounts (up to 50% v/v in some reserves), which constitute several problems. Membrane‐based NG sweetening/upgrading processes emerge as among the fastest growing technologies, due to their lower capital cost, higher energy savings, greater economic viability, etc. as compared to conventional technologies. Thus, a defective‐free, multilayer thin‐film composite membrane is developed from 6FDA‐Durene/6FDA‐CARDO block co‐polyimide for the separation of sour gas from NG. The membrane shows good performance as it exhibit CO2/CH4 and H2S/CH4 selectivities ranges from 8 to 10 and 15 to 19, respectively, and CO2 and H2S permeance are 122 and 220 GPU, respectively.
A Field Study Method as a Potential Higher Tier Option to Refine Herbicide Risk Assessment for Nontarget Terrestrial Plants
Authors: Isemer Rena , Mihan Christine , Peeters Stephanie , Rumohr Quintana , Toschki Andreas , Ducrot Virginie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
During herbicide spray application, nontarget terrestrial plants (NTTPs) growing in the off-field area need to be protected from unacceptable effects of herbicide drift. The risk of such unintended effects is assessed in order to establish whether a particular use can be approved, possibly in combination with mitigation measures. In Europe, the risk of herbicide treatment to NTTPs is assessed on the basis of tier 2 studies done under controlled conditions in greenhouses. Following the concept of a tiered testing approach, higher tier field studies under more realistic conditions could be used to refine the risk assessment. No current guideline for conducting higher tier NTTP field studies is available. We developed an NTTP higher tier field study method done on an experimental plant community established by sowing of a seed mixture. The setup was optimized in 3 pilot field studies and subsequently used for a definitive study testing effects of the herbicide iofensulfuron-sodium. Results show that the method can be regarded as a suitable higher tier option for assessing effects of herbicides on NTTPs. Growth of species from the soil seed bank cannot be avoided and has to be carefully considered when evaluating results. Adaptations of the study design may be necessary when testing different herbicides. Community-level endpoints were at the same level as single-species endpoints. Results of the field study were compared to standard greenhouse study results for the same herbicide. No observed effect rates (NOERs) in the field were about a factor of 10 higher and show that the current tier 2 risk assessment for NTTPs can be regarded as protective in this case. Whether the present field study design and the assessed endpoints can be used in higher tier risk assessment of NTTPs depends on selection of the specific protection goal and requires further discussion. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:691–705. © 2020 Bayer AG. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)