bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle beam radiation therapy for sinonasal malignancies: Single institutional experience at the Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center
Authors: Hu Weixu , Hu Jiyi , Huang Qingting , Gao Jing , Yang Jing , Qiu Xianxin , Kong Lin , Lu Jiade J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSinonasal malignancies (SNM) include malignant neoplasms of various histologies that originate from the paranasal sinuses or nasal cavity. This study reported the safety and efficacy of particle‐beam radiation therapy (PBRT) for the treatment of sinonasal malignancies.Methods and materialsOne‐hundred‐and‐eleven patients with nonmetastatic sinonasal malignancies received definitive (82.9%) or salvage (31.5%) PBRT. The majority (85.6%) of patients presented with T3/4 disease, and only 19 (17.1%) had R0 or R1 resection. Seventy (63.1%) patients received carbon‐ion radiotherapy (CIRT), 37 received proton radiotherapy (PRT) followed by CIRT boost, and 4 received PRT alone. Prognostic factors were analyzed using Cox regression for univariate and multiple regression. Toxicities were reported using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.03).ResultsThe median follow‐up was 20.2 months for the entire cohort. The 2‐year local progression‐free survival (LPFS), regional progression‐free survival (RPFS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were 83%, 97.2%, 85.9%, 66%, and 82%, respectively. Re‐irradiation and large GTV were the significant factors for OS. Melanoma and sarcoma patients had significantly higher distant metastatic rate, and poorer OS and PFS. Late toxicity occurred in 22 (19.8%) patients, but only 4 (3.6%) patients experienced grades 3‐4 late toxicity.ConclusionsParticle‐beam radiation therapy results in excellent local‐regional control with extremely low serve toxicities for patients with SNM. Sarcoma and melanoma were featured with a greater risk of death from distant dissemination. Patients who underwent re‐irradiation had significantly worse OS. PBRT is feasible and safe in the management of SNM.
Molecular insights of NADPH oxidases and its pathological consequences
Authors: Waghela Bhargav N. , Vaidya Foram U. , Agrawal Yashika , Santra Manas Kumar , Mishra Vinita , Pathak Chandramani 
Published: September 2020

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), formed by the partial reduction of oxygen, were for a long time considered to be a byproduct of cellular metabolism. Since, increase in cellular levels of ROS results in oxidative stress leading to damage of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids resulting in numerous pathological conditions; ROS was considered a bane for aerobic species. Hence, the discovery of NADPH oxidases (NOX), an enzyme family that specifically generates ROS as its prime product came as a surprise to redox biologists. NOX family proteins participate in various cellular functions including cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of genes and protein expression, apoptosis, and host defence immunological response. Balanced expression and activation of NOX with subsequent production of ROS are critically important to regulate various genes and proteins to maintain homeostasis of the cell. However, dysregulation of NOX activation leading to enhanced ROS levels is associated with various pathophysiologies including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, ageing, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Although our current knowledge on NOX signifies its importance in the normal functioning of various cellular pathways; yet the choice of ROS producing enzymes which can tip the scale from homeostasis toward damage, as mediators of biological functions remain an oddity. Though the role of NOX in maintaining normal cellular functions is now deemed essential, yet its dysregulation leading to catastrophic events cannot be denied. Hence, this review focuses on the involvement of NOX enzymes in various pathological conditions imploring them as possible targets for therapies.Significance of the studyThe NOXs are multi‐subunit enzymes that generate ROS as a prime product. NOX generated ROS are usually regulated by various molecular factors and play a vital role in different physiological processes. The dysregulation of NOX activity is associated with pathological consequences. Recently, the dynamic proximity of NOX enzymes with different molecular signatures of pathologies has been studied extensively. It is essential to identify the precise role of NOX machinery in its niche during the progression of pathology. Although inhibition of NOX could be a promising approach for therapeutic interventions, it is critical to expand the current understanding of NOX's dynamicity and shed light on their molecular partners and regulators.
COVID‐19 pneumonia and pulmonary microembolism in a patient with B‐thalassemia major
Authors: Marziali Marco , Ribersani Michela , Losardo Anna Annunziata , Taglietti Fabrizio , Pugliese Pellegrina , Micozzi Alessandra , Gentile Giuseppe , Angeloni Antonio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe think that thalassemia is not necessarily a cause of aggravation of the clinical course in COVID‐19; however, certain key factors must be considered, such as the anemic condition, the likely pathogenic role of the virus on hemoglobin, and the hypercoagulable state to prevent any complications.
Solubility Parameter from an Acoustic Method: Temperature Effect and Applications to Petroleum
Authors: Santos David Caetano , Lima Eduardo Rocha de Almeida , Paredes Márcio Luís Lyra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe thermodynamic information relating cohesive energy and internal pressure is explored in order to calculate the solubility parameter for hydrocarbons, some of its mixtures, and crude oils taking into account the effect of temperature. Single‐phase data of pure hydrocarbons and some of their binary and ternary mixtures, such as speed of sound, density, and heat capacity at constant pressure, are used to adjust the proposed models. Finally, the results are compared with an experimental method recently presented by us in a previous publication. This evaluation demonstrates that the proposed methods are robust for highly saturated oils. Moreover, a general expression including SARA (percentage by weight of saturates S, aromatics A, resins R, and asphaltenes As) composition is proposed to predict the solubility parameter of oils with high content of resins and asphaltenes.
Aminal/Schiff‐Base Polymer to Fabricate Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanospheres for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Fei , Huang Xinhua , Wang Nuoya , Zhu Xingxing , Chan Vincent , Zhao Ruikun , Chao Yimin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, a polymer‐containing aminal and imine (C=N) linkages was synthesized from the reaction between p‐phthalaldehyde and 2,6‐diaminepyridine through nucleophilic addition. Subsequently, nitrogen‐doped carbon nanospheres (N‐CNSs) were fabricated by a process of sequential potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation and direct carbonization of the polymer. Interestingly, the mass ratio (x) of the polymer to KOH was found to play a crucial role in dictating the porosity, surface chemistry, and capacitive performance of the resulting CNSs. The optimization of x led to the formation of N‐CNS‐2 with a significantly larger specific surface area (809 m2 g−1, 98 % microporous content) and a high specific capacitance (732 F g−1) at 8 A g−1 in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. In addition, the electrode fabricated with N‐CNS‐2 showed excellent cycling stability along with 98 % of the initial specific capacitance after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. The carbon precursor with the aminal linkage network has shown very promising potential in energy storage materials.
Plasmachemical Trace‐Oxygen Removal in a Coke Oven Gas with a Coaxial Packed‐Bed‐DBD Reactor
Authors: Nitsche Tim , Budt Marcus , Apfel Ulf‐Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe trace‐O2 removal in coke oven gas, which enables better utilization of its contained H2, is investigated with combinations of atmospheric nonthermal plasma and a Pt/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst. Herein it is shown that a coaxial packed‐bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor removes up to 80 % O2 in a model coke oven gas. Along this line, the H2 content and the usage of Al2O3 granules in the plasma zone have been identified as major factors for the plasmachemical trace‐O2 conversion. In contrast to the Pt/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst, nonthermal plasma converts trace O2 at coke oven gas temperatures below 100 °C.
The Quest for Orally Available Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders (SERDs)
Authors: Wang Lucia , Sharma Abhishek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEstrogen receptor‐alpha (ERα) is the target of endocrine therapies for the treatment of more than 70 % of ERα‐positive breast cancers. Selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) antagonize estrogen binding and target the receptor for degradation, representing the last line of treatment for resistant metastatic breast cancer patients. However, the clinical efficacy of the lone clinically approved SERD (Fulvestrant) is limited by its poor oral bioavailability. Recently, several analogues of GW5638, an acrylic acid‐based ERα ligand developed by Glaxo Research Institute in 1994, have been reported as promising orally bioavailable SERDs. Some of these compounds are currently in clinical trials, while various other structurally novel SERDs have also been reported by pharma as well as academic research groups. This review provides a critical analysis of the recent developments in orally available SERDs, with a focus on the structure–activity relationships, binding interactions and pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds
Marmosets have a greater diversity of c‐Fos response after hyperstimulation in distinct cortical regions as compared to rats
Authors: Magalhães Stefani Alves , Foresti Maira Licia , Barros Vanessa Novaes , Mello Luiz E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious evidence indicated a potential mechanism that might support the fact that primates exhibit greater neural integration capacity as a result of the activation of different structures of the central nervous system, as compared to rodents. The current study aimed to provide further evidence to confirm previous findings by analyzing the patterns of c‐Fos expression in more neocortical structures of rats and marmosets using a more robust quantitative technique and evaluating a larger number of brain areas. Nineteen Wistar rats and 21 marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) were distributed among control groups (animals without injections) and animals injected with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and euthanized at different time points after stimulus. Immunohistochemical detection of c‐Fos was quantified using unbiased and efficient stereological cell counting in eight neocortical regions. Marmosets had a c‐Fos expression that was notably more widely expressed (5× more cells) and longer lasting (up to 3 hr) than rats. c‐Fos expression in rats presented similar patterns of expression according to the function of the brain cortical structures (associative, sensorial, and motor functions), which was not observed for marmosets (in which no clear pattern could be drawn, and a more diverse profile emerged). Our results provide evidence that the marmoset brain has a greater neuronal activation after intense stimulation by means of PTZ and a more complex pattern of brain activation. We speculate that these functional differences may contribute for the understanding of the different neuronal processing capacities of the neocortex in these mammals' orders.
Gesture recognition based on multi‐modal feature weight
Authors: Duan Haojie , Sun Ying , Cheng Wentao , Jiang Du , Yun Juntong , Liu Ying , Liu Yibo , Zhou Dalin 
Published: September 2020

SummaryWith the continuous development of sensor technology, the acquisition cost of RGB‐D images is getting lower and lower, and gesture recognition based on depth images and Red‐Green‐Blue (RGB) images has gradually become a research direction in the field of pattern recognition. However, most of the current processing methods for RGB‐D gesture images are relatively simple, ignoring the relationship and influence between its two modes, and unable to make full use of the correlation factors between different modes. In view of the above problems, this paper optimizes the effect of RGB‐D information processing by considering the independent features and related features of multi‐modal data to construct a weight adaptive algorithm to fuse different features. Simulation experiments show that the method proposed in this paper is better than the traditional RGB‐D gesture image processing method and the gesture recognition rate is higher. Comparing the current more advanced gesture recognition methods, the method proposed in this paper also achieves higher recognition accuracy, which verifies the feasibility and robustness of this method.
Performance analysis of parallel high‐resolution image restoration algorithms on Intel supercomputer
Authors: Lirkov Ivan , Harizanov Stanislav , Paprzycki Marcin , Ganzha Maria 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn this article, we present an experimental performance study of a parallel implementation of two Poissonian image restoration algorithms. Hybrid parallelization, based on MPI and OpenMP standards, is investigated. The implementation is tested for high‐resolution radiographic images, on a supercomputer based on Intel Xeon processors, combined with Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors. The experimental results show an essential improvement in the execution times, when running experiments for a variety of problem sizes, and number of threads.
Fully automated roadside parking spot detection in real time with deep learning
Authors: Çiçek Emre , Gören Sezer 
Published: September 2020

SummarySearching for a roadside parking spot in crowded cities is a burden. In this article, we propose a vision‐based mobile cloud parking management solution, which is fully automated such that it can find roadside parking spots in any street with flowing traffic. To develop such a system, we employ both object detection and road segmentation methods. Thus, we do not need to manually label and train for every distinct street and do not mark out parking spot boundaries and surrounding road areas. In our approach, fully convolutional networks, specifically the FCN‐VGG16 model and KITTI road dataset are used for road segmentation, whereas Faster Region‐based Convolutional Neural Networks and Microsoft Common Objects in Context dataset for object detection. Our Road Boundaries algorithm automatically identifies the road polygon excluding the roadside. The main contribution here is to differentiate the parked cars from the moving cars on the road and detect the available parking spot between the parked cars on the roadside and direct the driver to the nearest spot. On GPU, we achieved a frame rate of 1.5fps and up to 83% accuracy with flowing traffic and 92% with no traffic flow. These results promise a potential solution on a city‐wide scale.
A low‐loss compact six‐bit DMTL phase shifter for phased array antenna applications
Authors: Teymoori Mir Majid , Dousti Massoud , Afrang Saeid 
Published: September 2020

SummaryA phase shifter is one of the main components of radars and phased array systems. In this paper, a novel three‐state two‐bridge unit cell is presented for a compact low‐loss six‐bit distributed microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) transmission line (DMTL) phase shifter. The proposed unit cell includes a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line, a MEMS bridge on the signal line, two metal‐air‐metal (MAM) capacitors on a glass substrate, and two additional electrodes under the MEMS bridge, near the signal line. Using these electrodes, it is possible to generate two different phase states employing the MEMS bridge, and the third state is produced by a metal‐air‐metal (MAM) bridge. Hence, the designed structure can generate three different phase shifts per unit cell (i.e., 5.625°, 11.25°, and 22.5° phase shifts). The novelty of this design is that the number of unit cells is considerably reduced from 64 in a conventional six‐bit phase shifter to only 17 in our design. Therefore, the total length of the six‐bit phase shifter and average loss are considerably reduced. The designed structure is calculated and simulated at 32 GHz using MATLAB and ANSOFT HFSS, respectively. According to the calculation and simulation results, the lateral size of the phase shifter is only 8.5 mm, the root mean square (RMS) phase error is 1.38°, and the average loss is 1.1 dB. The feasibility of the proposed design is investigated using the proposed fabrication process. The designed phase shifter can be easily scaled to other frequencies for radar and satellite applications with more bits.
Waste glycerol derived bio‐propanol as a potential extender fuel for compressed ignition engine
Authors: Tomar Mukul , Sonthalia Ankit , Kumar Naveen , Dewal Hansham 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn recent years there has been a significant rise in crude glycerol generation due to the booming biodiesel industries. Despite having immense benefits, the presence of poisonous methanol and fatty acids, glycerol is treated as a waste by‐product of biodiesel. In the present study, investigations have been carried out on utilizing the potential of glycerol derived bio‐propanol as an extender fuel with diesel/gasoline blends. Test fuels containing ternary blends of diesel/gasoline/bio‐propanol in different volume concentrations were prepared. The crude glycerol was procured from transesterified Kusum (Schleichera oleosa) oil. The physicochemical properties, along with stability and homogeneity of the test fuels were evaluated as per ASTM/EN standards and compared with the neat diesel. To study the effect of fuel properties on atomization process, the sauter mean diameter of the test fuels were observed using Malvern spraytec test. The engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a single‐cylinder diesel engine fuelled with different test fuels were also conducted. Due to the enhancement in mixing rate promoted by low cetane fuels, the ignition delay and heat release rate was higher than diesel. Moreover, the results also reveal upto 5% increase in brake thermal efficiency and a significant reduction in harmful exhaust emission with an increase in the gasoline and bio‐propanol share in the blend. The oxide of nitrogen (NOx) emissions was also lower than diesel for all the fuel blends. In comparison to diesel, the maximum reduction in NOx, HC, CO and smoke emissions is 7.4%, 33.3%, 55.7%, and 17.2%, respectively, for D40:G30:P30 fuel blend.
Predictors of high school dropout, anxiety, and depression in genetic generalized epilepsy
Authors: Syvertsen Marte , Vasantharajan Samitha , Moth Thea , Enger Ulla , Koht Jeanette 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAffective disorders are overrepresented in epilepsy, and people with epilepsy may be at risk of dropping out from school. The aim of the present study was to assess factors influencing high school dropout, anxiety, and depression in genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). One hundred and ten people with GGE aged 19‐40 years underwent a clinical interview, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. Potential predictors of high school dropout were analyzed with logistic regression, and factors influencing total HADS score were analyzed with linear regression. Having felt excluded because of epilepsy was significantly associated with high school dropout (odds ratio 7.80, P = .009), as was total HADS score (odds ratio 1.22, P = .005). If a participant was currently employed or undergoing education, previous high school dropout was less likely (odds ratio 0.07, P = .005). High school dropout was associated with increased current anxiety and depression (β = 0.32, P = .005). Epilepsy severity (current drug resistance, current polytherapy, and active generalized tonic‐clonic seizures) was not associated with high school dropout, nor with total HADS score. The issue of stigma in epilepsy must be thoroughly addressed in comprehensive care and may be as important as seizure control when it comes to education and quality of life.
The relationship between perfectionism and eating‐related symptoms in adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Vacca Mariacarolina , Ballesio Andrea , Lombardo Caterina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe clinical significance of two major aspects of perfectionism, perfectionistic strivings (PS) and perfectionistic concerns (PC), in eating disorders (EDs) symptoms was well‐established among adults. However, no systematic review has assessed evidence examining associations between both unidimensional and multidimensional perfectionism and EDs in early and middle adolescence. For this aim, three online databases (PsycINFO, Medline and PsycArticle) were searched for articles published until January 2019, and observational studies were considered. Study quality was systematically appraised, and results were summarized using a narrative synthesis approach. Fifty‐one cross‐sectional and 28 longitudinal studies were included. Most studies supported the relationship between perfectionism and EDs, with the majority adopting a unidimensional approach for assessing perfectionism. Among studies that employed multidimensional measures of perfectionism, the majority (n = 11) of evidence supported the relationship between eating symptoms and PC, while fewer (n = 5) studies provided significant unique associations with PS. These findings are consistent with the body of research suggesting the strength of the relationship between PC and EDs was greater than between PS and EDs. It was recommended that preventive interventions should be primarily focused on reducing self‐critical perfectionism, since it resulted to be the most relevant perfectionistic dimension in the development of eating symptoms in adolescents.
Limits to scale invariance in alluvial rivers
Authors: Ferguson Rob 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAssumptions about fluvial processes and process–form relations are made in general models and in many site‐specific applications. Many standard assumptions about reach‐scale flow resistance, bed‐material entrainment thresholds and transport rates, and downstream hydraulic geometry involve one or other of two types of scale invariance: a parameter (e.g. critical Shields number) has the same value in all rivers, or doubling one variable causes a fixed proportional change in another variable in all circumstances (e.g. power‐law hydraulic geometry). However, rivers vary greatly in size, gradient, and bed material, and many geomorphologists regard particular types of river as distinctive. This review examines the tension between universal scaling assumptions and perceived distinctions between different types of river. It identifies limits to scale invariance and departures from simple scaling, and illustrates them using large data sets spanning a wide range of conditions. Scaling considerations and data analysis support the commonly made distinction between coarse‐bed and fine‐bed reaches, whose different transport regimes can be traced to the different settling‐velocity scalings for coarse and fine grains. They also help identify two end‐member sub‐types: steep shallow coarse‐bed ‘torrents’ with distinctive flow‐resistance scaling and increased entrainment threshold, and very large, low‐gradient ‘mega rivers’ with predominantly suspended load, subdued secondary circulation, and extensive backwater conditions. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd