bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a large eddy simulation methodology for accelerated nozzle flows
Authors: Wang P.C. , McGuirk J.J. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTPrediction of aeroengine exhaust plume near-field development requires knowledge of velocity and turbulence distributions at nozzle exit. The high Reynolds number nozzle inlet boundary layers of engineering practice are fully turbulent, but acceleration can induce re-laminarisation. Thus, to reproduce nozzle exit conditions accurately, large eddy simulation (LES) for plume prediction must be capable of capturing re-laminarisation and any subsequent boundary layer recovery. Validation is essential to establish a credible LES methodology, but previous studies have suffered from lack of nozzle inlet/exit measurements in the test cases selected. Validation data were here taken from an experiment on a convergent round nozzle with a parallel exit extension to allow boundary layer recovery. LES inlet condition generation applied a rescaling/recycling method (R2M), whose performance was validated against measurements of first and second moment statistics as well as the turbulence integral length scale. Simulations employed two sub-grid-scale (SGS) models; these produced similar predictions up to the end of the nozzle convergent section, but marked differences appeared for the nozzle exit turbulence field. The Smagorinsky model predicted much lower turbulence levels than measured, whereas the Piomelli and Geurts model revealed the presence of a small separation region at the convergence/parallel section corner, which led to higher exit turbulence and much better agreement with measured data.
Comparison of microwave ablation and chemical cautery used to control adult idiopathic recurrent anterior epistaxis
Authors: Lou Z 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study compared the efficacy of microwave ablation and silver nitrate cautery as treatments for idiopathic recurrent anterior epistaxis in adults.MethodsA case series with chart review was conducted. Adults with recurrent anterior epistaxis intra-operatively treated via microwave ablation or silver nitrate chemical cautery of the anterior nasal septum were enrolled. The primary outcomes were the proportion of patients in each group for whom bleeding ceased within 24 hours of treatment, and the time to successful haemostasis. The secondary outcomes were re-bleeding rates at 1 and 12 weeks and 6 months, and complications.ResultsThe haemostasis success rate within 24 hours’ treatment of convex lesions was significantly higher in the microwave ablation group than in the cautery-only group. Of patients with convex lesions, the recurrence rate to six months was significantly higher in the cautery group than in the microwave ablation group, but this was not the case for those with flat lesions.ConclusionMicrowave ablation afforded rapid and simple haemostasis for adults with recurrent anterior epistaxis in an out-patient setting. Microwave ablation had significant advantages compared to silver nitrate cautery when used to treat epistaxis in patients with convex lesions.
Cover crop residue components and their effect on summer annual weed suppression in corn and soybean
Authors: Pittman Kara B. , Barney Jacob N. , Flessner Michael L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCover crop residue can act as a mulch that will suppress weeds, but as the residue degrades, weed suppression diminishes. Biomass of cover crop residue is positively correlated to weed suppression, but little research is available regarding the composition of cover crop residue and its effect on weed suppression. Field experiments were conducted to determine the impact of cover crop residue properties (i.e., total carbon, total nitrogen, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose) on summer annual weed suppression and cash crop yield. Cover crop monocultures and mixtures were planted in the fall and designed to provide a range of biomass and residue properties. Cover crops were followed by corn (Zea maysL.) or soybean [Glycinemax (L.) Merr.]. At termination, cover crop biomass and residue components were determined. Biomass ranged from 3,640 to 8,750 kg ha−1, and the carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio ranged from 12:1 to 36:1. As both cover crop biomass and C:N ratio increased, weed suppression and duration of suppression increased. For example, a C:N ratio of 9:1 is needed to suppress redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) 50% at 4 wk after termination (WAT), and that increases to 16:1 and 20:1 to have 50% suppression at 6 and 8 WAT, respectively. Similarly, with biomass, 2,800 kg ha−1is needed for 50%A. retroflexussuppression at 4 WAT, which increases to 5,280 kg ha−1and 6,610 kg ha−1needed for 50% suppression at 6 and 8 WAT, respectively. In general, similar trends were observed for pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL.) and large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.]. Corn and soybean yield increased as both cover crop biomass and C:N ratio increased where no weed control measures were implemented beyond cover crop. The same trend was observed with cash crop yield in the weed-free subblocks, with one exception. This research indicates that cover crop residue composition is important for weed control in addition to biomass.
Analysis of Intraseasonal Oscillation Characteristics of Arctic Summer Sea Ice
Authors: Qian Shimeng , Zhang Lujun , Yang Ben , Huang Anning , Zhang Yaocun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the intraseasonal variations of the Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) based on daily data band‐passed for 20–80 days. Results show that the areas with strong intraseasonal signal of SIC move northward and then southward before and after the Arctic summer (i.e., from August to October), respectively, and the signal reaches its maximum intensity in summer. Power spectrum analyses indicate that the SIC over the region bounded by 0–180°E and 70–80°N (60–180°W and 70–80°N) in summer exhibits remarkable intraseasonal variation with a dominant period of 40–60 days (two typical periods of 40–60 and 70–80 days). These two kinds of oscillations move eastward along the Arctic marginal sea. In addition, the intensity of SIC intraseasonal oscillation has an apparent interdecadal change that is closely related to the decrease of Arctic sea ice extent.
CORDEX Multi‐RCM Hindcast Over Central Africa: Evaluation Within Observational Uncertainty
Authors: Taguela Thierry N. , Vondou Derbetini A. , Moufouma‐Okia Wilfran , Fotso‐Nguemo Thierry C. , Pokam Wilfried M. , Tanessong Roméo S. , Yepdo Zéphirin D. , Haensler Andreas , Longandjo Georges N. , Bell Jean P. , Takong Roland R. , Djiotang Tchotchou Lucie A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the performance of 10 Regional Climate Models (RCMs) hindcasts from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiments (CORDEX) over Central Africa, covering the period 1998–2008 and performed over a common model grid spacing 0.44° (
50 km). Multiple observational data sets are used to evaluate model performances over four targeted subregions. Throughout the work, a measure of observational uncertainty is made and we discuss whether or not the models are found within or outside the range of observational uncertainty. Results indicate that RCMs generally capture rainfall and temperature basic features, though important biases exist and vary for models and seasons. Dry (wet) biases are common features over the Congo basin (northern and southern part of the domain). In terms of precipitation and temperature in both seasonal and annual scale, most RCMs along with their ensemble mean generally fall in the range of observational uncertainty. Furthermore, most RCMs show a good spread of grid points where the added value of RCMs is found although the added value in temperature is not as great as with precipitation. UC‐WRF is among models adding less value on ERAINT and this could explain why whatever the time scale of variability, UC‐WRF outputs are generally out from the observational uncertainty. The multimodel ensemble mean is generally found within observational range when most models are there as well. This highlights the fact that the ensemble mean, built from the equal treatment of RCMs, does not generally outperform individual RCMs realization as it is reported in several previous studies.
Influence of Back‐Barrier Basin Geometry on Multiple Tidal Inlet Systems: The Roles of Resonance and Bottom Friction
Authors: Reef K. R. G. , Roos P. C. , Schuttelaars H. M. , Hulscher S. J. M. H. 
Published: February 2020

Observations of barrier coasts around the world suggest that some systems do not conform to the O'Brien‐Jarret law. Here we explain this by investigating how resonance and bottom friction affect the response of tidal inlets to variations in basin geometry. Therefore, we develop a morphodynamic barrier coast model that is based on the stability concept of Escoffier for the morphological evolution of the inlets, coupled with an idealized hydrodynamic model that describes the water motion in the outer sea, inlets, and arbitrarily shaped back‐barrier basin. We find that the total tidal prism through all inlets is predominantly determined by the (cross‐shore) width of the basin and identify three regimes for this. First, a linear regime for narrow basins (i.e., basin width
tidal wavelength) where a larger basin leads to a linear increase in total tidal prism. Second, a resonant regime for basins with a width around the resonant condition in which the total tidal prism reaches a peak. This resonance condition is a quarter tidal wavelength for basins without friction, which shifts to narrower basins as friction becomes stronger, down to 0.15 tidal wavelength. Third, a dissipative regime for wide basins (i.e., the cross‐shore basin dimension or basin width
resonant condition) with sufficiently strong bottom friction in which the total tidal prism does not change for wider basins, because the tidal wave completely dissipates in the basin.
Early treatment with FCR versus watch and wait in patients with stage Binet A high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): a randomized phase 3 trial
Authors: Herling Carmen D. , Cymbalista Florence , Groß-Ophoff-Müller Carolin , Bahlo Jasmin , Robrecht Sandra , Langerbeins Petra , Fink Anna-Maria , Al-Sawaf Othman , Busch Raymonde , Porcher Raphael , Cazin Bruno , Dreyfus Brigitte , Ibach Stefan , Leprêtre Stéphane , Fischer Kirsten , Kaiser Florian , Eichhorst Barbara , Wentner Clemens-Martin , Hoechstetter Manuela A. , Döhner Hartmut , Leblond Veronique , Kneba Michael , Letestu Remi , Böttcher Sebastian , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Hallek Michael , Levy Vincent 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report a randomized prospective phase 3 study (CLL7), designed to evaluate the efficacy of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) in patients with an early-stage high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Eight hundred patients with untreated-stage Binet A disease were enrolled as intent-to-treat population and assessed for four prognostic markers: lymphocyte doubling time <12 months, serum thymidine kinase >10 U/L, unmutated IGHV genes, and unfavorable cytogenetics (del(11q)/del(17p)/trisomy 12). Two hundred and one patients with ≥2 risk features were classified as high-risk CLL and 1:1 randomized to receive either immediate therapy with 6xFCR (Hi-FCR, 100 patients), or to be observed according to standard of care (Hi-W&W, 101 patients). The overall response rate after early FCR was 92.7%. Common adverse events were hematological toxicities and infections (61.0%/41.5% of patients, respectively). After median observation time of 55.6 (0–99.2) months, event-free survival was significantly prolonged in Hi-FCR compared with Hi-W&W patients (median not reached vs. 18.5 months, p < 0.001). There was no significant overall survival benefit for high-risk patients receiving early FCR therapy (5-year OS 82.9% in Hi-FCR vs. 79.9% in Hi-W&W, p = 0.864). In conclusion, although FCR is efficient to induce remissions in the Binet A high-risk CLL, our data do not provide evidence that alters the current standard of care “watch and wait” for these patients.
Azoramide protects iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons with PLA2G6 D331Y mutation through restoring ER function and CREB signaling
Authors: Ke Minjing , Chong Cheong-Meng , Zeng Haitao , Huang Miaodan , Huang Zhijian , Zhang Ke , Cen Xiaotong , Lu Jia-Hong , Yao Xiaoli , Qin Dajiang , Su Huanxing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress-induced cascade events are implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The discovery of drug candidates to protect dopaminergic (DA) neurons from ER-stress-induced oxidative damage is important to resolve the pathological aspects of PD and modify its progress. In this study, we found that a recently identified unfolded protein response (UPR) modulator, azoramide, showed protective effects on patient induced pluripotent stem cells-derived midbrain DA neurons with the homozygous phospholipase A2 group 6 (PLA2G6) D331Y mutant. A series of PD-related cascade events such as ER stress, abnormal calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, increase of reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis were observed in PLA2G6 D331Y mutant DA neurons, whereas azoramide significantly protected PLA2G6 D331Y mutant DA neurons against these events. The beneficial effects of azoramide were abolished by treatment with a cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) inhibitor. Our results suggest that azoramide is a potential neuroprotectant against DA neuron damage via restoring ER function and the CREB signaling.
Autonomic ganglionic injection of α-synuclein fibrils as a model of pure autonomic failure α-synucleinopathy
Authors: Wang Xue-Jing , Ma Ming-Ming , Zhou Le-Bo , Jiang Xiao-Yi , Hao Miao-Miao , Teng Robert K. F. , Wu Erxi , Tang Bei-Sha , Li Jia-Yi , Teng Jun-Fang , Ding Xue-Bing 
Published: February 2020

Abstractα-Synucleinopathies are characterized by autonomic dysfunction and motor impairments. In the pure autonomic failure (PAF), α-synuclein (α-Syn) pathology is confined within the autonomic nervous system with no motor features, but mouse models recapitulating PAF without motor dysfunction are lacking. Here, we show that in TgM83+/− mice, inoculation of α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the stellate and celiac ganglia induces spreading of α-Syn pathology only through the autonomic pathway to both the central nervous system (CNS) and the autonomic innervation of peripheral organs bidirectionally. In parallel, the mice develop autonomic dysfunction, featured by orthostatic hypotension, constipation, hypohidrosis and hyposmia, without motor dysfunction. Thus, we have generated a mouse model of pure autonomic dysfunction caused by α-Syn pathology. This model may help define the mechanistic link between transmission of pathological α-Syn and the cardinal features of autonomic dysfunction in α-synucleinopathy.
Regular perturbation on the group-velocity dispersion parameter for nonlinear fibre-optical communications
Authors: Oliari Vinícius , Agrell Erik , Alvarado Alex 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCommunication using the optical fibre channel can be challenging due to nonlinear effects that arise in the optical propagation. These effects represent physical processes that originate from light propagation in optical fibres. To obtain fundamental understandings of these processes, mathematical models are typically used. These models are based on approximations of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, the differential equation that governs the propagation in an optical fibre. All available models in the literature are restricted to certain regimes of operation. Here, we present an approximate model for the nonlinear optical fibre channel in the weak-dispersion regime, in a noiseless scenario. The approximation is obtained by applying regular perturbation theory on the group-velocity dispersion parameter of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The proposed model is compared with three other models using the normalized square deviation metric and shown to be significantly more accurate for links with high nonlinearities and weak dispersion.
The role of sex work laws and stigmas in increasing HIV risks among sex workers
Authors: Lyons Carrie E. , Schwartz Sheree R. , Murray Sarah M. , Shannon Kate , Diouf Daouda , Mothopeng Tampose , Kouanda Seni , Simplice Anato , Kouame Abo , Mnisi Zandile , Tamoufe Ubald , Phaswana-Mafuya Nancy , Cham Bai , Drame Fatou M. , Aliu Djaló Mamadú , Baral Stefan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlobally HIV incidence is slowing, however HIV epidemics among sex workers are stable or increasing in many settings. While laws governing sex work are considered structural determinants of HIV, individual-level data assessing this relationship are limited. In this study, individual-level data are used to assess the relationships of sex work laws and stigmas in increasing HIV risk among female sex workers, and examine the mechanisms by which stigma affects HIV across diverse legal contexts in countries across sub-Saharan Africa. Interviewer-administered socio-behavioral questionnaires and biological testing were conducted with 7259 female sex workers between 2011–2018 across 10 sub-Saharan African countries. These data suggest that increasingly punitive and non-protective laws are associated with prevalent HIV infection and that stigmas and sex work laws may synergistically increase HIV risks. Taken together, these data highlight the fundamental role of evidence-based and human-rights affirming policies towards sex work as part of an effective HIV response.
miRNA-1-3p is an early embryonic male sex-determining factor in the Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Peng Wei , Yu Shuning , Handler Alfred M. , Tu Zhijian , Saccone Giuseppe , Xi Zhiyong , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRegulation of male sexual differentiation by a Y chromosome-linked male determining factor (M-factor) is one of a diverse array of sex determination mechanisms found in insects. By deep sequencing of small RNAs from Bactrocera dorsalis early embryos, we identified an autosomal-derived microRNA, miR-1-3p, that has predicted target sites in the transformer gene (Bdtra) required for female sex determination. We further demonstrate by both in vitro and in vivo tests that miR-1-3p suppresses Bdtra expression. Injection of a miR-1-3p mimic in early embryos results in 87–92% phenotypic males, whereas knockdown of miR-1-3p by an inhibitor results in 67–77% phenotypic females. Finally, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of miR-1-3p results in the expression of female-specific splice variants of Bdtra and doublesex (Bddsx), and induced sex reversal of XY individuals into phenotypic females. These results indicate that miR-1-3p is required for male sex determination in early embryogenesis in B. dorsalis as an intermediate male determiner.
hipBA toxin-antitoxin systems mediate persistence in Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Huang Charlie Y. , Gonzalez-Lopez Carlos , Henry Céline , Mijakovic Ivan , Ryan Kathleen R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAntibiotic persistence is a transient phenotypic state during which a bacterium can withstand otherwise lethal antibiotic exposure or environmental stresses. In Escherichia coli, persistence is promoted by the HipBA toxin-antitoxin system. The HipA toxin functions as a serine/threonine kinase that inhibits cell growth, while the HipB antitoxin neutralizes the toxin. E. coli HipA inactivates the glutamyl-tRNA synthetase GltX, which inhibits translation and triggers the highly conserved stringent response. Although hipBA operons are widespread in bacterial genomes, it is unknown if this mechanism is conserved in other species. Here we describe the functions of three hipBA modules in the alpha-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus. The HipA toxins have different effects on growth and macromolecular syntheses, and they phosphorylate distinct substrates. HipA1 and HipA2 contribute to antibiotic persistence during stationary phase by phosphorylating the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases GltX and TrpS. The stringent response regulator SpoT is required for HipA-mediated antibiotic persistence, but persister cells can form in the absence of all hipBA operons or spoT, indicating that multiple pathways lead to persister cell formation in C. crescentus.
Lasing with Topological Weyl Semimetal
Authors: Oktay Güneş , Sarısaman Mustafa , Tas Murat 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLasing behavior of optically active planar topological Weyl semimetal (TWS) is investigated in view of the Kerr and Faraday rotations. Robust topological character of TWS is revealed by the presence of Weyl nodes and relevant surface conductivities. We focus our attention on the surfaces where no Fermi arcs are formed, and thus Maxwell equations contain topological terms. We explicitly demonstrate that two distinct lasing modes arise because of the presence of effective refractive indices which lead to the birefringence phenomena. Transfer matrix is constructed in such a way that reflection and transmission amplitudes involve 2 × 2 matrix-valued components describing the bimodal character of the TWS laser. We provide associated parameters of the topological laser system yielding the optimal impacts. We reveal that gain values corresponding to the lasing threshold display a quantized behavior, which occurs due to topological character of the system. Our proposal is supported by the corresponding graphical demonstrations. Our observations and predictions suggest a concrete way of forming TWS laser and coherent perfect absorber; and are awaited to be confirmed by an experimental realization based on our computations.
The phosphatidylcholine transfer protein StarD7 is important for myogenic differentiation in mouse myoblast C2C12 cells and human primary skeletal myoblasts
Authors: Horibata Yasuhiro , Mitsuhashi Satomi , Shimizu Hiroaki , Maejima Sho , Sakamoto Hirotaka , Aoyama Chieko , Ando Hiromi , Sugimoto Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStarD7 is a phosphatidylcholine (PC)-specific lipid transfer protein essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial PC composition, morphogenesis, and respiration. Here, we studied the role of StarD7 in skeletal myoblast differentiation using mouse myoblast C2C12 cells and human primary myoblasts. Immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy revealed that StarD7 was distributed in the cytosol, inner mitochondria space, and outer leaflet of the outer mitochondrial membrane in C2C12 cells. Unlike human kidney embryonic cell line HEK293 cells, the mitochondrial proteinase PARL was not involved in the processing and maturation of StarD7 in C2C12 cells. StarD7 was constantly expressed during myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of StarD7 in C2C12 cells and human primary myoblasts significantly impaired myogenic differentiation and reduced the expression of myomaker, myomerger and PGC-1α. The reduction in mitochondrial PC levels and oxygen consumption rates, decreased expression of myomaker, myomerger and PGC-1α, as well as impaired myogenic differentiation, were completely restored when the protein was reintroduced into StarD7-knockout C2C12 cells. These results suggest that StarD7 is important for skeletal myogenesis in mammals.