bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single pleiotropic locus influences the rate of hybridization between two sibling species of Lygaeus bugs
Authors: Balfour Vicki L. , Black Daniella , Shuker David M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe evolution of reproductive isolation lies at the heart of understanding the process of speciation. Of particular interest is the relationship between pre‐ and postzygotic reproductive isolation, and the genetic architecture of traits that contribute to one or both forms of reproductive isolation. The sibling species of seed bug Lygaeus equestris and L. simulans show a classic pattern of asymmetric prezygotic reproductive isolation, with female L. equestris hybridizing with male L. simulans, but with no hybridization in the reciprocal direction. We have recently described a mutant pale color form of L. simulans, that inherits as a single Mendelian locus and is pleiotropic for a number of other life history and behavioral traits. Here, we tested whether this locus also influences pre‐ and postzygotic reproductive isolation. Two sets of experimental crosses revealed that behavioral isolation varied with mutant versus wild‐type phenotype for male L. simulans, with the pale form less successful at mating with female L. equestris. In terms of trying to assess postzygotic isolation, levels of hybrid offspring production were uniformly low across the experiments. However, we did obtain, for the first time, hybrid offspring from a pairing between a female L. simulans and a male L. equestris. In this instance, the female was of the pale mutant genotype. Together with evidence for heterozygote advantage in terms of nymph survival, we consider our results in terms of possible mechanisms of reproductive isolation between this species pair, the role of the pale mutation, and the possible genetic architectures underlying the mutation, from a single gene to a supergene.
Effect of shielding rates on upward flame spread over extruded polystyrene foam in vertical channel and heat transfer mechanism
Authors: An Weiguang , Peng Lujun , Yin Xiangwei , Cai Minglun 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYFire hazard of extruded polystyrene (XPS) thermal insulation materials has aroused public concern. In order to develop flame spread theory and the guideline for fire risk assessment of XPS, an experimental study on upward flame spread behavior and heat transfer mechanism of XPS in a vertical channel with different frontal shielding rates was conducted. Maximum temperature at the place 2 cm from XPS surface and at the center of channel first increase and then decrease as the shielding rate rises. The former is higher than the latter. Experimental value of average flame height rises as the shielding rate increases. A model for predicting the flame height is built, and the predicted results are consistent with the experimental results. Moreover, the relation between flame height and pyrolysis height under different shielding rates is obtained. The flame spread rate rises as the shielding rate increases. A prediction model of flame spread rate is established, and its prediction results are more accurate compared with those from previous models. The model also predicts that radiative heat transfer is the dominant heat transfer mode, accounting for 93% of the total heat transfer. This work is beneficial for fire risk assessment and fire safety design of building façade.
Poorly differentiated chordoma with whole‐genome doubling evolving from a SMARCB1‐deficient conventional chordoma: A case report
Authors: Curcio Christian , Cimera Robert , Aryeequaye Ruth , Rao Mamta , Fabbri Nicola , Zhang Yanming , Hameed Meera 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEvolution of poorly differentiated chordoma from conventional chordoma has not been previously reported. We encountered a case of a poorly differentiated chordoma with evidence of whole‐genome doubling arising from a SMARCB1‐deficient conventional chordoma. The tumor presented as a destructive sacral mass in a 43‐year‐old man and was comprised of a highly cellular poorly differentiated chordoma with small, morphologically distinct nodules of conventional chordoma accounting for <5% of the total tumor volume. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed both components were strongly reactive for brachyury and lacked normal staining for INI1. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis identified multiple genomic imbalances in the conventional component, including deletions of 1p, 3p, and 22q (involving SMARCB1) and loss of chromosomes 5 and 15, while the poorly differentiated component exhibited the same aberrations at a more profound level with additional loss of chromosome 4, low level focal deletion of 17p (involving TP53), and tetraploidy. Homozygous deletion of SMARCB1 was present in both components. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis confirmed the relevant deletions in both components as well as genome doubling in the poorly differentiated tumor. This case suggests that SMARCB1 loss is an early event in rare conventional chordomas that could potentially evolve into poorly differentiated chordoma through additional genomic aberrations such as genome doubling. Further studies with additional patients will be needed to determine if genome doubling is a consistent pathway for evolution of poorly differentiated chordoma.
Performance analysis of waste brick magnesia as a storage material in a solar still
Authors: Panchal Hitesh , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Shanmugan S. , Pandya Naimish 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this current study, a single basin solar still (SBSS) was explored in the climatic state of Patan (23.84° N, 72.12° E) India over March 2019. The SBSS was examined with the use of waste brick magnesia (WBM) for the same amount of water (10 L). For experimentation, three same‐sized SBSS were taken with 3 and 6 kg WBM and without storage materials. It was found that a daytime yield for SBSS of 2.27 L without storage materials was obtained; and this was reduced for SBSS with 3 and 6 kg WBM to 1.96 and 1.75 L, respectively. It has also been noticed that the yield of SBSS during off‐sunshine hours due to the energy storage capacity increased with WBM but the combined (daytime + off‐sunshine hours) yield was found reduced with an increment in a mass of the WBM. It was found that the maximum instantaneous thermal efficiency of the SBSS without WBM, 3 and 6 kg WBM was 60.24%, 45.65%, and 54.26%, respectively. Overall thermal efficiency was also determined and obtained to be higher for SBSS without WBM as storage.
Safety and cardiovascular effects of multiple‐dose administration of aripiprazole and olanzapine in a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Koller Dora , Almenara Susana , Mejía Gina , Saiz‐Rodríguez Miriam , Zubiaur Pablo , Román Manuel , Ochoa Dolores , Wojnicz Aneta , Martín Samuel , Romero‐Palacián Daniel , Navares‐Gómez Marcos , Abad‐Santos Francisco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess adverse events (AEs) and safety of aripiprazole (ARI) and olanzapine (OLA) treatment.MethodsTwenty‐four healthy volunteers receiving five daily oral doses of 10 mg ARI and 5 mg OLA in a crossover clinical trial were genotyped for 46 polymorphisms in 14 genes by qPCR. Drug plasma concentrations were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Blood pressure (BP) and 12‐lead electrocardiogram were measured in supine position. AEs were also recorded.ResultsARI decreased diastolic BP on the first day and decreased QTc on the third and fifth day. OLA had a systolic and diastolic BP, heart rate and QTc lowering effect on the first day. Polymorphisms in ADRA2A, COMT, DRD3 and HTR2A genes were significantly associated to these changes. The most frequent adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to ARI were somnolence, headache, insomnia, dizziness, restlessness, palpitations, akathisia and nausea while were somnolence, dizziness, asthenia, constipation, dry mouth, headache and nausea to OLA. Additionally, HTR2A, HTR2C, DRD2, DRD3, OPRM1, UGT1A1 and CYP1A2 polymorphisms had a role in the development of ADRs.ConclusionsOLA induced more cardiovascular changes; however, more ADRs were registered to ARI. In addition, some polymorphisms may explain the difference in the incidence of these effects among subjects.
Fractional wavelet transform based diagnostic system for brain tumor detection in MR imaging
Authors: Kaushal Bhakti , Patil Mukesh D. , Birajdar Gajanan K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe brain tumor detection is a highly complicated but significant task. The early detection of a brain tumor can increase the survival rate of an individual by providing proper treatment. This work proposes a computer‐aided diagnostic method for brain tumor detection using fractional wavelet transform (FrDWT) with different values of alpha (α) ranging from (0.1‐1), histogram‐based various local feature descriptors, feature selectors, and two classification methods, that is, support vector machine (SVM) as well as artificial neural network (ANN). The brain MR images dataset is taken from BraTS 2015, e‐health laboratory, and Harvard Medical School. The FrDWT and the local feature descriptors used are combined to extract features. Some of the features are selected using Eigenvector centrality and Laplacian Score techniques. The selected features are trained and classified by the two classifiers, SVM and ANN. It is a type of binary classification, so the labels provided to the classifier are named “normal” and “abnormal.” The performance is estimated using parameters like accuracy, sensitivity, precision, specificity, and F1 score. The results of FrDWT are compared with conventional discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and it is observed that FrDWT outperforms DWT at alpha (α) values lower than 0.5.
A single blinded randomized controlled trial comparing semi‐mechanical with hand‐sewn cervical anastomosis after esophagectomy for cancer (SHARE‐study)
Authors: Nederlof Nina , Tilanus Hugo W. , de Vringer Tahnee , van Lanschot Jan J. B. , Willemsen Sten P. , Hop Wim C. J. , Wijnhoven Bas P. L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to compare leak rate between hand‐sewn end‐to‐end anastomosis (ETE) and semi‐mechanical anastomosis (SMA) after esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction.Background DataThe optimal surgical technique for creation of an anastomosis in the neck after esophagectomy is unclear.MethodsPatients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction and cervical anastomosis were eligible for participation after written informed consent. Patients were randomized in 1:1 ratio. Primary endpoint was anastomotic leak rate defined as external drainage of saliva from the site of the anastomosis or intra‐thoracic manifestation of leak. Secondary endpoints included anastomotic stricture rate at one year follow up, number of endoscopic dilatations, dysphagia‐score, hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality. Patients were blinded for intervention.ResultsBetween August 2011 and July 2014, 174 patients with esophageal cancer underwent esophagectomy. Ninety‐three patients were randomized to ETE (n = 44) or SMA (n = 49). Anastomotic leak occurred in 9 of 44 patients (20%) in the ETE group and 12 of 49 patients (24%) in the SMA group (absolute difference 4%, 95% CI −13% to +21%; p = .804). There was no significant difference in dysphagia at 1 year postoperatively (ETE 25% vs. SMA 20%; p = .628), in stricture rate (ETE 25% vs. 19% in SMA, p = .46), nor in median hospital stay (17 days in the ETE group, 13 days in the SMA group), morbidity (82% vs. 73%, p = .460) or mortality (0% vs. 4%, p = .175) between the groups.
Tree species composition and selection effects drive overstory and understory productivity in reforested oil sands mining sites
Authors: Xiao Wenya , Chen Chen , Chen Han Y. H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReforestation is a feasible option for the eventual restoration of biodiversity and ecosystem services on deforested oil‐sands mining sites. The associations between plant diversity and productivity spanning the different strata of restoration forests, in conjunction with specific factors that may impact these relationships, remain uncertain. We sampled 94 sites that encompassed conifer, mixed‐wood, and broadleaved overstory types as three exemplar substrates following the reforestation of oil‐sands mining sites in Alberta, Canada. We employed structural equation modeling to investigate the correlations between species diversity and aboveground biomass production spanning forest vegetation strata, while concurrently accounting for the effects of overstory composition, functional diversity/identity, soil fertility, and restoration age. We found that the relationships between species diversity and biomass were negative, or inconsequential across restoration forest strata. Overstory biomass was linked to the coniferous tree proportion and community‐weighted mean of leaf nitrogen, rather than the species and functional diversity of overstory trees. Further, overstory composition, diversity, and biomass were the key features involved in the diversity and biomass of understory strata. Our results demonstrated the importance of overstory tree species composition and selection effects toward driving overstory and understory productivity in restoration forests at post‐oil sands mining sites. Coniferous trees were observed to have lower leaf nutrient levels and negative impacts on the productivity and diversity of overstory and shrub layers. Therefore, it was recommended that a greater proportion of broadleaved trees should be incorporated to promote productivity and species diversity in restoration forests through the enhancement and utilization of available resources.
Fitness for purpose of routinely recorded health data to identify patients with complex diseases: The case of Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Wiegersma Sytske , Flinterman Linda E. , Seghieri Chiara , Baldini Chiara , Paget John , Barrio Cortés Jaime , Verheij Robert A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study is part of the EU‐funded project HarmonicSS, aimed at improving the treatment and diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). pSS is an underdiagnosed, long‐term autoimmune disease that affects particularly salivary and lachrymal glands.ObjectivesWe assessed the usability of routinely recorded primary care and hospital claims data for the identification and validation of patients with complex diseases such as pSS.MethodspSS patients were identified in primary care by translating the formal inclusion and exclusion criteria for pSS into a patient selection algorithm using data from Nivel Primary Care Database (PCD), covering 10% of the Dutch population between 2006 and 2017. As part of a validation exercise, the pSS patients found by the algorithm were compared to Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) recorded in the national hospital insurance claims database (DIS) between 2013 and 2017.ResultsInternational Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) coded general practitioner (GP) contacts combined with the mention of “Sjögren” in the disease episode titles, were found to best translate the formal classification criteria to a selection algorithm for pSS. A total of 1462 possible pSS patients were identified in primary care (mean prevalence 0.7‰, against 0.61‰ reported globally). The DIS contained 208 545 patients with a Sjögren related DRG or ICD10 code (prevalence 2017: 2.73‰). A total of 2 577 577 patients from Nivel PCD were linked to the DIS database. A total of 716 of the linked pSS patients (55.3%) were confirmed based on the DIS.ConclusionOur study finds that GP electronic health records (EHRs) lack the granular information needed to apply the formal diagnostic criteria for pSS. The developed algorithm resulted in a patient selection that approximates the expected prevalence and characteristics, although only slightly over half of the patients were confirmed using the DIS. Without more detailed diagnostic information, the fitness for purpose of routine EHR data for patient identification and validation could not be determined.
Report of AAPM Task Group 235 Radiochromic Film Dosimetry: An Update to TG‐55
Authors: Niroomand‐Rad Azam , Chiu‐Tsao Sou‐Tung , Grams Michael P. , Lewis David F. , Soares Christopher G. , Van Battum Leo J. , Das Indra J. , Trichter Samuel , Kissick Michael W. , Massillon‐JL Guerda , Alvarez Paola E. , Chan Maria F. 
Published: September 2020

The use of radiochromic film (RCF) dosimetry in radiation therapy is extensive due to its high level of achievable accuracy for a wide range of dose values and its suitability under a variety of measurement conditions. However, since the publication of the 1998 AAPM Task Group 55, Report No. 63 on RCF dosimetry, the chemistry, composition, and readout systems for RCFs have evolved steadily. There are several challenges in using the new RCFs, readout systems and validation of the results depending on their applications. Accurate RCF dosimetry requires understanding of RCF selection, handling and calibration methods, calibration curves, dose conversion methods, correction methodologies as well as selection, operation and quality assurance (QA) programs of the readout systems. Acquiring this level of knowledge is not straight forward, even for some experienced users. This Task Group report addresses these issues and provides a basic understanding of available RCF models, dosimetric characteristics and properties, advantages and limitations, configurations, and overall elemental compositions of the RCFs that have changed over the past 20 yr. In addition, this report provides specific guidelines for data processing and analysis schemes and correction methodologies for clinical applications in radiation therapy.
Distortion‐free 3D diffusion imaging of the prostate using a multishot diffusion‐prepared phase‐cycled acquisition and dictionary matching
Authors: Roccia Elisa , Neji Radhouene , Benkert Thomas , Kiefer Berthold , Goh Vicky , Dregely Isabel 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo achieve three‐dimensional (3D) distortion‐free apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps for prostate imaging using a multishot diffusion prepared‐gradient echo (msDP‐GRE) sequence and ADC dictionary matching.MethodsThe msDP‐GRE sequence is combined with a 3D Cartesian, centric k‐space trajectory with center oversampling. Oversampled k‐space center averaging and phase cycling are used to address motion‐ and eddy current–induced magnitude corruption. Extended‐phase‐graph (EPG) simulations and ADC dictionary matching are used to compensate for T1 effects. To shorten the acquisition time, each volume is undersampled by a factor of two and reconstructed using iterative sensitivity encoding. The proposed approach is characterized using simulations and validated in a kiwifruit phantom, comparing the msDP‐GRE ADC maps obtained using both standard monoexponential fitting and dictionary matching with the clinical standard single‐shot diffusion weighted‐echo planar imaging (ssDW‐EPI) ADC. Initial in vivo feasibility is tested in three healthy subjects, and geometric distortion is compared with anatomical T2‐weighted‐turbo spin echo.ResultsIn the kiwifruit phantom experiment, the signal magnitude could be recovered using k‐space center averaging and phase cycling. No statistically significant difference was observed in the ADC values estimated using msDP‐GRE with dictionary matching and clinical standard DW‐EPI (P < .05). The in vivo prostate msDP‐GRE scans were free of geometric distortion caused by off‐resonance susceptibility, and the ADC values in the prostate were in agreement with values found in the published literature.ConclusionNondistorted 3D ADC maps of the prostate can be achieved using a msDP sequence and dictionary matching.
Enhanced finite element formulation incorporating stress jumps and interface behavior in structures with embedded linear inclusions
Authors: Riccardi Francesco , Giry Cédric , Gatuingt Fabrice 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen linear inclusions are embedded into a matrix, a perturbation is introduced in the boundary value problem written at the macroscale. Such inhomogeneity can provoke sharp gradients in the solution and a correct evaluation of the interface stress state reveals necessary when localized material degradations can lead to global failure mechanisms. In order to account for such refined description in large‐scale structural problems, a novel enhanced implicit finite element formulation is presented. The standard displacement approximation is improved by means of a kinematic enrichment aimed at reproducing the local interaction between the matrix and the inclusion. The microscale interface behavior can then be directly evaluated from the stress jump arising in the bulk. From a computational point of view, this translates in solving an additional local equilibrium equation. The static boundary conditions at the inclusion ends are thus exactly verified and a good precision is achieved with minimal meshing effort and code modifications. The proposed model is applied to elementary and structural examples involving singularities and it is compared to other modeling strategies with focus both on global and local quantities as well on the convergence properties and corresponding CPU times of the approximated solution.
Geostationary debris mitigation using minimum time solar sail trajectories with eclipse constraints
Authors: Kelly Patrick , Bevilacqua Riccardo 
Published: September 2020

SummaryMinimum time solar sailing trajectories are introduced using a combination of indirect and direct optimal control techniques. Here, large‐scale, multiphase optimal control problems are solved using a pseudospectral collocation technique applied to an orbital debris mitigation concept. These solutions are obtained for realistic sail dimensions, producing multirevolution, Earth‐centered trajectories while accounting for uncontrolled spacecraft dynamics in the eclipse regions. Specifically, minimum time solutions for orbit transfer and phasing maneuvers are obtained using only solar radiation pressure for propulsion and control. First, an optimal primer vector steering history is obtained through numerical approximation. Locally optimal, closed‐form solutions are then implemented based on the primer vector direction, resulting in minimum time satisfaction of desired terminal orbital conditions. In addition, a novel solution strategy is presented for multiphase optimal control problems characterized by uncontrollable dynamics with flexible phase boundaries. The maneuvers presented will be shown to enable efficient orbital debris mitigation for large‐scale debris in geostationary orbits.
Influence of conditioning on the high strain rate compression response of Kevlar thermoplastic composites
Authors: Chouhan Hemant , Asija Bhalla Neelanchali , Bandaru Aswani Kumar , Bhatnagar Naresh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKevlar reinforced composite material systems are widely used for personal body armors. Due to aging or minor damage while in service, body armor may get exposed to external weather conditions, including moisture. The present study investigates the effect of moisture on the high strain rate behavior of Kevlar/Polypropylene (K‐PP) composite. Flat K‐PP composite laminate was manufactured using a vacuum‐assisted compression molding followed by laser machining. Dynamic compressive loading tests were performed using split Hopkinson pressure bar setup. The phenomenological modeling approach was adopted to characterize the rate‐dependent behavior of dry and wet composites. For identical dynamic compressive loading, different strain rates, strains, and stresses were attained by the dry and wet composite specimens. Macroscopic and microscopic imaging was done to expose the variation in damage behavior as a function of moisture absorption. Significant property reduction as a function of moisture absorption emphasizes the need for moisture proofing and protecting the armor products from minor damages leading to sites for moisture ingress.