bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dithieno[a,e]pentalenes: Highly Antiaromatic Yet Stable π‐Electron Systems without Bulky Substituents
Authors: Usuba Junichi , Hayakawa Masahiro , Yamaguchi Shigehiro , Fukazawa Aiko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDithieno[a,e]penalenes (DTPs) with various substituents were synthesized as a class of antiaromatic compounds. Annulation of thiophene rings imparts the pentalene moiety with high thermal stability even without bulky substituents, while retaining antiaromaticity. The higher magnitude of antiaromaticity in DTPs, in addition to the differences in the electronic structures of the fused aromatic rings, resulted in a narrower HOMO–LUMO gap than that of the corresponding dibenzo[a,e]pentalene analog, giving rise to red‐shifted electronic absorption that reaches the near‐infrared region. Moreover, systematic investigations on the solid‐state packing structure revealed that DTPs prefer offset face‐to‐face packing motifs rather than face‐centered π–π stacking. In particular, the thienyl‐substituted DTP bearing hydrophilic side chains exhibited thermochromic behavior in polar solvents, which was ascribed to the formation of aggregates.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence of a Stereogenic Curved Paraphenylene Anchoring a Chiral Binaphthyl in Solution and Solid State
Authors: Sato Kenta , Hasegawa Masashi , Nojima Yuki , Hara Nobuyuki , Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Imai Yoshitane , Mazaki Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA curved stereogenic [6]paraphenylene ([6]PP), anchoring a chiral binaphthyl scaffold at 7,7’‐positions, was prepared and investigated for its properties as a solid‐state circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) dye. X‐ray analysis revealed a helically twisted structure of PP units induced by axial chirality of binaphthyl framework. The curved [6]PP exhibits fluorescence in powder and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film as well as solution. A significant increase in quantum yield was observed for a non‐fluid PMMA film owing the suppression of the molecular motion. The gCPL values of the dye in solution and as PMMA film were almost the same (4.3–4.4×10−3) and lager than that in powder. TD‐DFT calculations in the excited state suggest that the exciton can be delocalized into a twisted PP unit to produce a larger magnetic transition dipole moment.
Health‐related quality of life outcomes for the LEAP study—CALGB 70305 (Alliance): A lymphedema prevention intervention trial for newly diagnosed breast cancer patients
Authors: Naughton Michelle J. , Liu Heshan , Seisler Drew K. , Le‐Rademacher Jennifer , Armer Jane M. , Oliveri Jill M. , Sloan Jeffrey A. , Hock Karen , Schwartz Michael , Unzeitig Gary , Melnik Marianne , Yee Lisa D. , Fleming Gini F. , Taylor John R. , Loprinzi Charles , Paskett Electra D. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundLymphedema is an adverse effect of breast cancer treatment that causes swelling and pain in the arm and hand. We tested 2 lymphedema prevention interventions and their impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in a group‐randomized trial at 38 cooperative group sites within the United States.MethodsPatients were recruited before breast surgery. Sites were randomly assigned to education‐only (EO) lymphedema prevention or education plus exercise and physical therapy (LEAP). Lymphedema was defined as a ≥10% difference in arm volume at any time from baseline to 18 months postsurgery. HRQOL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Breast plus 4 lymphedema items (FACT‐B+4). Longitudinal mixed model regression analysis, adjusting for key demographic and clinical variables, examined participants' HRQOL by intervention group and lymphedema status.ResultsA total of 547 patients (56% LEAP) were enrolled and completed HRQOL assessments. The results revealed no differences between the interventions in preventing lymphedema (P = .37) or HRQOL (FACT‐B+4 total score; P = .8777). At 18 months, the presence of lymphedema was associated with HRQOL at borderline significance (P = .0825). However, African American patients reported greater lymphedema symptoms (P = .0002) and better emotional functioning (P = .0335) than patients of other races or ethnicities. Lower HRQOL during the intervention was associated with younger age (P ≤ .0001), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status >0 (P = .0002), ≥1 positive lymph nodes (P = .0009), having no education beyond high school (P < .0001), having undergone chemotherapy (P = .0242), and having had only axillary node dissection or sentinel node biopsy versus both (P = .0007).ConclusionThe tested interventions did not differ in preventing lymphedema or in HRQOL outcomes. African American women reported greater HRQOL impacts due to lymphedema symptoms than women of other races or ethnicities.
Benefit of delayed primary excision in rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Lautz Timothy B. , Chi Yueh‐Yun , Li Minjie , Wolden Suzanne L. , Casey Dana L. , Routh Jonathan C. , Granberg Candace F. , Binite Odion , Rudzinski Erin R. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Rodeberg David A. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundMost children with intermediate‐risk rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) have gross disease (group III) at the initiation of chemotherapy. Delayed primary excision (DPE) after induction chemotherapy allows for a reduction in adjuvant radiation dose, but with the risk of potential surgical morbidity. The objectives of this study were to compare outcomes in children with group III RMS who did and did not undergo DPE and to assess surgical morbidity.MethodsThe study included 369 patients who had clinical group III RMS at sites amenable to DPE from intermediate‐risk Children's Oncology Group studies D9803 (encouraged DPE) and ARST0531 (discouraged DPE).ResultsThe primary tumor site was bladder/prostate (136 patients; 37%), extremity (97 patients; 26%), trunk (24 patients; 7%), retroperitoneum (91 patients; 25%), or intrathoracic/perineum/perianal (21 patients; 6%). In total, 112 patients (53.9%) underwent DPE in D9803, and 26 patients (16.2%) underwent DPE in ARST0531 (P < .001), with loss of vital organ or function in 30 of 138 patients (22%). DPE allowed for a reduced radiation dose in 110 of 135 patients (81%; 51% were reduced to 36 Gy, and 30% were reduced to 42 Gy). Patients who underwent DPE had improved unadjusted overall survival (P = .013). In adjusted regression analysis, the risk of death (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% CI 0.43‐1.16) was similar for patients who did and did not undergo DPE and was improved for the subset of patients who had tumors of the trunk and retroperitoneum (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.20‐0.97).ConclusionsChildren with group III RMS have equivalent or improved outcomes with DPE and can receive a decreased radiation dose for definitive local control. The choice of local control modality should weigh the potential morbidity of surgery versus that of higher dose irradiation.
Hypomagnesemia and survival in patients with head and neck cancers who received primary concurrent chemoradiation
Authors: Liu Wenli , Qdaisat Aiham , Ferrarotto Renata , Fuller Clifton D. , Guo Ming , Meyer Larissa A. , Narayanan Santhosshi , Lopez Gabriel , Cohen Lorenzo , Bruera Eduardo , Hanna Ehab Y. , Yeung Sai‐Ching J. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundPrior research has confirmed that persistent hypomagnesemia was predictive of shorter survival among patients with ovarian cancer who received carboplatin‐based chemotherapy. In the current retrospective study, the authors examined the association between hypomagnesemia and survival in patients with head and neck cancer who received concurrent chemoradiation with weekly infusions of cisplatin and/or carboplatin.MethodsPatients with head and neck cancers who had undergone chemoradiation with cisplatin and/or carboplatin between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014, were included. Patients were aged ≥18 years with pathology of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, oral cavity, or oropharynx who had received at least 30 fractions of radiotherapy with concurrent weekly cisplatin and/or carboplatin. Pathology features, laboratory results, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, social histories, and survival were recorded. The association between hypomagnesemia and survival was analyzed controlling for known prognostic factors.ResultsThe final cohort consisted of 439 patients with a median age of 59 years. A greater frequency of hypomagnesemia during the treatment course was found to be significantly associated with shorter survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; P = .033) independent of age (HR, 1.65; P = .042), cancer site (nonoropharynx vs oropharynx: HR, 2.15 [P = .003]), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (>1 vs ≤1: HR, 2.64 [P < .001]), and smoking history (smoker vs nonsmoker: HR, 1.88 [P = .012]). In addition, more severe hypomagnesemia was associated with shorter survival compared with the milder form.ConclusionsThe frequency and severity of hypomagnesemia during treatment are prognostic of survival for patients with head and neck cancers who are receiving concurrent chemoradiation with cisplatin and/or carboplatin. A prospective study is needed to investigate the impact of the prevention of hypomagnesemia on survival in this patient population.
An integrated approach for the characterization of one‐ and two‐gene imazamox‐resistant wheat lines
Authors: Anastasini Valentina , Depetris Mara Belén , Ochogavía Ana Claudia , Nestares Graciela , Breccia Gabriela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cultivars resistant to imidazolinone herbicides are an important tool for weed management. The target site of imidazolinones is acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), an enzyme coded by three homeologous genes (ahasL‐A1, ahasL‐B1, and ahasL‐D1). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the imidazolinone herbicide imazamox on a single‐gene (AhasL‐D1) resistant line (R1) and a two‐gene (AhasL‐B1 and AhasL‐D1) resistant line (R2) at multiple biological levels. These lines showed variation in the transcriptional levels of ahasL homeologs, but no differences in total AHAS activity. The relative contribution of resistant alleles to the ahasL transcript pool accounted for 47% in the R1 line and 77% in the R2 line. The in vitro AHAS inhibition of the R1 line was intermediate between the R2 and the susceptible lines. At an anatomical level, high imazamox concentrations induced alterations in the root tip features of R1 plants but did not affect R2 plants, whereas at in vivo AHAS activity and whole‐plant levels, both resistant lines showed high resistance. The herbicide dose that reduced shoot biomass of resistant lines by 50% was 35‐fold higher than that of the susceptible line. We conclude that homeolog variation allows a higher contribution of resistance genes to the ahasL transcript pool in the R1 and R2 lines. Although both resistant lines showed high whole‐plant resistance, the differential root damage induced by imazamox between wheat lines suggests that two‐gene resistant cultivars could be an effective option to avoid the negative impacts caused by herbicide residues in the soil.
Pharmacological depletion of retinal neurons prevents vertical angiogenic sprouting without affecting the superficial vascular plexus
Authors: Morita Akane , Yoshizumi Mika , Arima Shiho , Mori Asami , Sakamoto Kenji , Nagamitsu Tohru , Nakahara Tsutomu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn mice, a tri‐layered (superficial, intermediate, and deep) vascular structure is formed in the retina during the third postnatal week. Short‐term treatment of newborn mice with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor inhibitors delays the formation of superficial vascular plexus and this allows us to investigate the developmental process of superficial and deep vascular plexuses at the same time. Using this model, we examined the effect of pharmacological depletion of retinal neurons on the formation of superficial and deep vascular plexuses.ResultsNeuronal cell loss induced by an intravitreal injection of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid on postnatal day (P) 8 delayed vascular development in the deep layer but not in the superficial layer in mice treated with KRN633, a VEGF receptor inhibitor, on P0 and P1. In KRN633‐treated mice, neuronal cell loss decreased the number of vertical sprouts originating from the superficial plexus without affecting the number of angiogenic sprouts growing in front. Neuronal cell loss did not impair networks of fibronectin and astrocytes in the superficial layer.ConclusionsOur results suggest that inner retinal neurons play a crucial role in forming the deep vascular plexus by directing the sprouts from the superficial blood vessels to the deep layer.
Relationship between duration of heart failure, patient characteristics, outcomes, and effect of therapy in PARADIGM‐HF
Authors: Yeoh Su E. , Dewan Pooja , Desai Akshay S. , Solomon Scott D. , Rouleau Jean L. , Lefkowitz Marty , Rizkala Adel , Swedberg Karl , Zile Michael R. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Packer Milton , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsLittle is known about patient characteristics, outcomes, and the effect of treatment in relation to duration of heart failure (HF). We have investigated these questions in PARADIGM‐HF. The aim of the study was to compare patient characteristics, outcomes, and the effect of sacubitril/valsartan, compared with enalapril, in relation to time from HF diagnosis in PARADIGM‐HF.Methods and resultsHF duration was categorized as 0–1, >1–2, >2–5, and >5 years. Outcomes were adjusted for prognostic variables, including N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP). The primary endpoint was the composite of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death. The number of patients in each group was as follows: 0–1 year, 2523 (30%); >1–2 years, 1178 (14%); >2–5 years, 2054 (24.5%); and >5 years, 2644 (31.5%). Patients with longer‐duration HF were older, more often male, and had worse New York Heart Association class and quality of life, more co‐morbidity, and higher troponin‐T but similar NT‐proBNP levels. The primary outcome rate (per 100 person‐years) increased with HF duration: 0–1 year, 8.4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.6–9.2]; >1–2 years, 11.2 (10.0–12.7); >2–5 years, 13.4 (12.4–14.6); and >5 years, 14.2 (13.2–15.2); P < 0.001. The hazard ratio was 1.26 (95% CI 1.07–1.48), 1.52 (1.33–1.74), and 1.53 (1.33–1.75), respectively, for >1–2, >2–5, and >5 years, compared with 0–1 year. The benefit of sacubitril/valsartan was consistent across HF duration for all outcomes, with the primary endpoint hazard ratio 0.80 (95% CI 0.67–0.97) for 0–1 year and 0.73 (0.63–0.84) in the >5 year group. For the primary outcome, the number needed to treat for >5 years was 18, compared with 29 for 0–1 year.ConclusionsPatients with longer‐duration HF had more co‐morbidity, worse quality of life, and higher rates of HF hospitalization and death. The benefit of a neprilysin inhibitor was consistent, irrespective of HF duration. Switching to sacubitril/valsartan had substantial benefits, even in patients with long‐standing HF.
FcγRI plays a critical role in patients with ulcerative colitis relapse
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Yuan‐Yi , Yang Li‐Teng , Liu Jiang‐Qi , Zhou Chuan , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Yang Gui , Mo Li‐Hua , Liu Zhi‐Gang , Feng Bai‐Sui , Yang Ping‐Chang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a disease that frequently relapses and affects more than 0.1% general population; the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Published data show that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) contribute to the pathogenesis of UC. This study aims to identify antigen (Ag)‐specific PMNs and investigate their role in UC relapse. In this study, the correlation between PMN activities and UC relapse was assessed in a group of UC patients. A UC mouse model was developed to expand the findings of UC patient study. The results showed that a positive correlation was detected between the high PMN activities and the food Ag‐specific IgG amounts in colon biopsies of UC patients. UC patient‐derived Ag‐specific PMNs could be activated upon exposure to food specific Ag. The Ag/FcγRI complexes were detected on the surface of PMNs in UC patients. Re‐exposure of sensitized PMNs to specific Ag triggered PMN activation and induced UC‐like inflammation in the mouse colon. We conclude that FcγRI plays a critical role in UC relapse. Inhibition of FcγRI can efficiently inhibits experimental UC.
TLR7 endogenous ligands remodel glycolytic macrophages and trigger skin‐to‐joint crosstalk in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Van Raemdonck Katrien , Umar Sadiq , Palasiewicz Karol , Romay Bianca , Volkov Suncica , Arami Shiva , Sweiss Nadera , Shahrara Shiva 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThirty percent of psoriasis patients develop psoriatic arthritis (PsA), nevertheless the mechanism remains unknown. Endogenous GU‐rich miRNAs activate endosomal TLR7 that plays a critical role in autoimmune diseases. We found that endogenous TLR7 ligands, miR‐29 and miR‐Let7b, were markedly increased in PsA compared to osteoarthritis (OA) synovial fluid (SF)s. We showed that intradermal (i.d.) miR‐Let7b injection promoted skin inflammation, which was characterized by amplified Th1 cells, CD68+M1 macrophages, and transcriptional upregulation of glycolytic mediators, GLUT1, C‐MYC, and HIF1α. Expansion of skin Th1 cells driven by miR‐Let7b was also linked to elevated M1‐associated IRFs. Interestingly, i.d. miR‐Let7b administration exacerbated suboptimal joint inflammation along with metabolic reconfiguration of the PsA‐like preclinical model. Moreover, TLR7 agonist, R837, potentiated metabolic reprogramming and expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐12 in murine macrophages, enabling myeloid‐to‐T‐cell crosstalk. Consistently, treatment with glycolytic inhibitors, 2‐DG and/or HIF1αi, reversed R837‐induced metabolic remodeling and disrupted the TLR7‐driven inflammatory phenotype in myeloid and lymphoid cells. Similar to miR‐Let7b, R837 also differentiates progenitor cells into mature osteoclasts, primarily through RANKL induction. Taken together, this study indicates that TLR7‐instigated metabolic rewiring of macrophages and their cross‐regulation of T cells connects skin immunopathology to joint inflammation.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Protective Effect of a Biomass Corrosion Inhibitor (vigna radiata) on Mild Steel in Acidic Medium
Authors: Maduabuchi Chidiebere A. , Njoku Demian I. , Anthony Obike I. , Nwanonenyi Simeon C. , Akalezi Christogonus , Blessing Adindu , Oguzie Emeka E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe scrutiny of the impeding properties of vigna radiata (VR) on mild steel corrosion in sour environs (1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4) was done by means of gravimetric, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization methods (PDP). Polarization findings revealed that VR retarded the corrosion process in a mixed‐mode manner. Adsorption of the active components of VR was found to be in line with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The obtained PDP result was complemented by the EIS findings. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the theoretical technique was used to complement the results.
Metallodendrimer‐sensitised Cytochrome P450 3A4 Electrochemical Biosensor for TB Drugs
Authors: Franke Candice , Ajayi Rachel Fanelwa , Uhuo Onyinyechi , Januarie Kaylin , Iwuoha Emmanuel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) based enzymatic biosensor was developed with the incorporation of a first‐generation copper polypropyleneimine (CuPPI) metallodendrimer for the detection of anti‐tuberculosis (anti‐TB) drugs. The development of an electrochemical phenotype biosensor for this purpose is still vital since it aids in the ongoing fight against TB by determining metabolic profile. This allows TB treatment to be tailored on an individual patient basis, minimise adverse drug reactions and improve quality of life in TB patients. This simple biosensor was constructed via physical adsorption of CuPPI onto a gold electrode with subsequent electrostatic attachment of CYP3A4. The biosensor was successful in detecting all four first line anti‐TB drugs i. e. isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and rifampicin with limits of detection ranging from 0.02244 to 0.1072 nM in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. The developed biosensor was then applied towards “real samples” in the form of spiked synthetic urine and plasma. Calibration curves were carried out in the complex matrices, which were diluted with 0.1 M PB. These yielded good LOD in the range of ultra‐low micromolar concentration i. e. 0.165–0.884 μM across all drugs. Recovery studies were also successful when detecting the real tablets in both plasma and urine with results ranging from 91.5 % to 108.5 %.
Amperometric Detection of Creatinine in Clinical Samples Based on Gold Electrode Arrays Fabricated Using Printed Circuit Board Technology
Authors: Ortiz Mayreli , Botero Mary Luz , Fragoso Alex , O'Sullivan Ciara K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHerein we report a reliable and stable biosensor for the amperometric detection of creatinine through the ammonium produced in its reaction with creatinine deiminase linked to a Nafion®/polyaniline gold coated surface. The gold electrode array was produced using a low cost printed board circuit technology. A linear range of 1–1000 μM was obtained with standard deviations of less than 5 % (n=3) obtained. Stability studies were carried out and 80 % activity was maintained after one month. The sensors were tested with 142 serum samples from patients with renal dysfunction at different stage of the disease and validated using a commercial colorimetric method.
Isolation and identification of O‐ and N‐linked glycoproteins in milk from different mammalian species and their roles in biological pathways which support infant growth
Authors: Kwan Soon Hong , Wan‐Ibrahim Wan Izlina , Juvarajah Thaneswari , Fung Shin Yee , Abdul‐Rahman Puteri Shafinaz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMilk serves as the sole nutrition for newborns, as well as a medium for the transfer of immunological components from the mother to the baby. This study reveals different glycoprotein profiles obtained from human, bovine, and caprine milk and their potential roles in supporting infant growth. Proteins from these three milk samples are separated and analyzed using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). Glycosylated proteins from all samples are enriched by affinity chromatography using lectins from the seeds of Artocarpus integer before analysis using LC/MS‐QTOF. The glycoproteome profiling demonstrates that glycosylated proteins are higher in caprine milk compared to other samples. Analysis using LC/MS‐QTOF identified 42 O‐glycosylated and 56 N‐glycosylated proteins, respectively. Among those identified, human milk has 17 glycoproteins, which are both O‐ and N‐glycosylated, whereas caprine and bovine have 10 and 1, respectively. Only glycoproteins from human milk have shown positive matching to important human biological pathways, such as vesicle‐mediated transport, immune system and hemostasis pathways. Human milk remains unique for human babies with the presence of antibodies in the form of immunoglobulins that are lacking in ruminant milk proteomes.