bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Engineering of Porphyrin‐Tapes/Phthalocyanine Heterojunctions for a Highly Sensitive Ammonia Sensor
Authors: Bengasi Giuseppe , Meunier‐Prest Rita , Baba Kamal , Kumar Abhishek , Pellegrino Anna Lucia , Boscher Nicolas D. , Bouvet Marcel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractModulating the interfacial charge alignments by molecular engineering in an organic heterojunction device is a smart strategy to improve its conductivity, which can be exploited in high‐performance gas‐sensor development. Herein, the fabrication of new organic heterojunction devices based on porphyrin tapes and phthalocyanines and their potentiality in ammonia sensing at different relative humidity (rh) are investigated. The devices are built using dry approach relying on oxidative chemical vapor deposition for simultaneous synthesis, doping, and deposition of the porphyrin tape layer and physical vapor deposition of phthalocyanine layer. The association of the porphyrin tapes with copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) or its perfluorinated analogue (Cu(F16Pc)) in a bilayer device configuration reveals a nonlinear current–voltage characteristic, assigned to the formation of organic heterojunction at the bilayer interface. Cu(F16Pc)‐based devices reveal higher response, faster sorption kinetics, stable baseline, and less interference from rh fluctuations toward ammonia than CuPc‐based devices, which are attributed to more conducting interface in the former. Moreover, depending on the porphyrin tape associated, Cu(F16Pc)‐based devices exhibit sensitivity values 6.7 or 0.4% ppm−1 and detection limit of 1 ppm or 228 ppb allowing to obtain among the best NH3 sensors reported.
Thermal Self‐Protection of Zinc‐Ion Batteries Enabled by Smart Hygroscopic Hydrogel Electrolytes
Authors: Yang Peihua , Feng Chunzao , Liu Yipu , Cheng Ting , Yang Xuelong , Liu Huidong , Liu Kang , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEfficient thermal protection is essential to battery safety. Here, a self‐adaptive strategy is demonstrated to circumvent the thermal runaway of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries, by using a zinc chloride‐enriched hygroscopic hydrogel electrolyte. At high temperatures, water inside the hydrogel can quickly evaporate to dissipate the heat generated. Concurrently, excessive water evaporation causes a sudden drop in the ion diffusion of the hydrogel electrolyte, thereby effectively restricting the migration of ions and shutting down the battery. When the temperature lowers, the hydrogel absorbs water from the air and the battery recovers its function. The evaporation and regeneration of water in the hydrogel electrolytes are highly reversible, thus realizing intelligent and efficient thermal self‐protection of zinc‐ion batteries. By properly designing and engineering the hygroscopic hydrogel electrolytes, it is believed that other thermal self‐protective aqueous batteries with faster response can be abricated, which shows promise for a safe power supply in both consumable electronics and electric vehicles.
Season of birth and biomarkers of early‐life environment
Authors: Miłkowska Karolina , Nenko Ilona , Klimek Magdalena , Galbarczyk Andrzej , Jasienska Grazyna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveEarly‐life conditions play an important role in human development, affecting health status and survival. Conditions in utero partly depend on the external environment and thus vary in relation to the season of birth. The aim of this study was to investigate if people born in different seasons of the year differ in values of biomarkers that reflect conditions during fetal development.MethodsThe study was conducted among Polish rural women recruited at the Mogielica Human Ecology Study Site. The participants were 234 women aged 45 to 92 (mean = 60.2; SD = 10.44). The indicators of early‐life environment analyzed in the study were: Absolute Finger Ridge Count (AFRC), the difference between mean number of ridge counts in both thumbs and both little fingers (Md15), overall facial fluctuating asymmetry (OFA), central facial asymmetry (CFA), right and left hand 2D:4D.ResultsValues of biomarkers of fetal development did not vary among groups of women born in different seasons of the year.ConclusionsLack of differences in values of biomarkers according to birth season may indicate that: (a) season of birth is not a good indicator of early‐life conditions; (b) tested biomarkers do not reliably reflect the prenatal environment; (c) season of birth does not fully overlap with the sensitive periods of biomarker development and thus fails to capture differences in developmental conditions.
Dearomatization‐Rearomatization Strategy for ortho‐Selective Alkylation of Phenols with Primary Alcohols
Authors: Yu Jianjin , Li Chao‐Jun , Zeng Huiying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhenols are common precursors and core structures of a variety of industrial chemicals ranging from pharmaceuticals to polymers. However, the synthesis of site‐specifically substituted phenols is challenging, and thus the development of new methods for this purpose would be highly desirable. Reported here is a protocol for palladium‐catalyzed ortho‐selective alkylation reactions of phenols with primary alcohols by a dearomatization‐rearomatization strategy, with water as the sole by‐product. Various substituted phenols and primary alcohols were compatible with the standard reaction conditions. The detailed mechanism of this transformation was also investigated.
An Inorganic‐Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Advanced Lithium‐Metal Batteries in Carbonate Electrolytes
Authors: Liu Sufu , Ji Xiao , Piao Nan , Chen Ji , Eidson Nico , Xu Jijian , Wang Pengfei , Chen Long , Zhang Jiaxun , Deng Tao , Hou Singyuk , Jin Ting , Wan Hongli , Li Jingru , Tu Jiangping , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn carbonate electrolytes, the organic–inorganic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on the Li‐metal anode surface is strongly bonded to Li and experiences the same volume change as Li, thus it undergoes continuous cracking/reformation during plating/stripping cycles. Here, an inorganic‐rich SEI is designed on a Li‐metal surface to reduce its bonding energy with Li metal by dissolving 4m concentrated LiNO3 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an additive for a fluoroethylene‐carbonate (FEC)‐based electrolyte. Due to the aggregate structure of NO3− ions and their participation in the primary Li+ solvation sheath, abundant Li2O, Li3N, and LiNxOy grains are formed in the resulting SEI, in addition to the uniform LiF distribution from the reduction of PF6− ions. The weak bonding of the SEI (high interface energy) to Li can effectively promote Li diffusion along the SEI/Li interface and prevent Li dendrite penetration into the SEI. As a result, our designed carbonate electrolyte enables a Li anode to achieve a high Li plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency of 99.55 % (1 mA cm−2, 1.0 mAh cm−2) and the electrolyte also enables a Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NMC811) full cell (2.5 mAh cm−2) to retain 75 % of its initial capacity after 200 cycles with an outstanding CE of 99.83 %.
Formic Acid Electro‐Synthesis by Concurrent Cathodic CO2 Reduction and Anodic CH3OH Oxidation
Authors: Wei Xinfa , Li Yan , Chen Lisong , Shi Jianlin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into energy‐carrying compounds or value‐added chemicals is of great significance for diminishing the greenhouse effect and the efficient utilization of carbon‐dioxide emissions, but it suffers from the kinetically sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and its less value‐added production of O2. We report a general strategy for efficient formic‐acid synthesis by a concurrent cathodic CO2 reduction and anodic partial methanol‐oxidation reaction (MOR) using mesoporous SnO2 grown on carbon cloth (mSnO2/CC) and CuO nanosheets grown on copper foam (CuONS/CF) as cathodic and anodic catalysts, respectively. Anodic CuONS/CF enables an extremely lowered potential of 1.47 V vs. RHE (100 mA cm−2), featuring a significantly enhanced electro‐activity in comparison to the OER. The cathodic mSnO2/CC shows a rather high Faraday efficiency of 81 % at 0.7 V vs. RHE for formic‐acid production from CO2. The established electrolyzer equipped with CuONS/CF at the anode and mSnO2/CC at the cathode requires a considerably low cell voltage of 0.93 V at 10 mA cm−2 for formic‐acid production at both sides.
Effects of Foliar Applications of Zinc in the Forms of Free Mineral or Amino Acid Complexed on Qualitative Characteristics of Olive Oil
Authors: Bastam Nasim , Baninasab Bahram , Mobli Mostafa , Goli Sayed Amir Hossein 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn orchard experiment was conducted during two successive years to evaluate the effectiveness of the foliar application of zinc (Zn) in mineral form (ZnSO4) or chelated with various amino acids (AAC) on the oil content, qualitative indices, and fatty acid profile of olive oil. All Zn sources were applied at a rate of 0.2% during two growth stages; at full bloom (FB) and 15 days after FB. The results showed that Zn, regardless of applied sources, accumulated more Zn in leaves and fruits compared to the control. The effectiveness of Zn‐AAC in increasing leaf and fruit Zn concentration was higher than ZnSO4. In both years, an increase in oil content and concentration of phenolic compounds and chlorophyll in the oil was observed when trees were treated with Zn, although these effects were dependent on the Zn sources. In general, the Zn‐AAC treatments, especially Zn‐methionine (Met), was more effective than ZnSO4. Zn‐AAC treatments increased the L* value and b* intensity, while decreasing the a* value of olive oil compared to the control. However, ZnSO4 had a slight or no significant effect on oil color. The oil fatty acid profile was also affected by Zn. The Zn‐Met and Zn‐Glycine (Gly) were more effective than the other Zn sources in increasing monounsaturated fatty acid, specifically oleic acid of oil in both years, respectively. These results could suggest that the application of Zn‐AAC, especially Zn‐Met and Zn‐Gly, can be considered as a new strategy to improve olive oil quality and quantity in Zn‐deficient soils.
Do seasonal microbiome changes affect infection susceptibility, contributing to seasonal disease outbreaks?
Authors: Stencel Adrian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to explore whether seasonal outbreaks of infectious diseases may be linked to changes in host microbiomes. This is a very important issue, because one way to have more control over seasonal outbreaks is to understand the factors that underlie them. In this paper, I will evaluate the relevance of the microbiome as one of such factors. The paper is based on two pillars of reasoning. Firstly, on the idea that microbiomes play an important role in their hosts’ defence against infectious diseases. Secondly, on the idea that microbiomes are not stable, but change seasonally. These two ideas are combined in order to argue that seasonal changes in a given microbiome may influence the functionality of the host's immune system and consequently make it easier for infectious agents to infect the host at certain times of year. I will argue that, while this is only a theoretical possibility, certain studies may back up such claims. Furthermore, I will show that this does not necessarily contradict other hypotheses aimed at explaining seasonal outbreaks; in fact, it may even enhance them.
Epigenetic regulation of replication origin assembly: A role for histone H1 and chromatin remodeling factors
Authors: Falbo Lucia , Costanzo Vincenzo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring early embryonic development in several metazoans, accurate DNA replication is ensured by high number of replication origins. This guarantees rapid genome duplication coordinated with fast cell divisions. In Xenopus laevis embryos this program switches to one with a lower number of origins at a developmental stage known as mid‐blastula transition (MBT) when cell cycle length increases and gene transcription starts. Consistent with this regulation, somatic nuclei replicate poorly when transferred to eggs, suggesting the existence of an epigenetic memory suppressing replication assembly origins at all available sites. Recently, it was shown that histone H1 imposes a non‐permissive chromatin configuration preventing replication origin assembly on somatic nuclei. This somatic state can be erased by SSRP1, a subunit of the FACT complex. Here, we further develop the hypothesis that this novel form of epigenetic memory might impact on different areas of vertebrate biology going from nuclear reprogramming to cancer development.
Does mTORC1 inhibit autophagy at dual stages?
Authors: Ramaian Santhaseela Anand , Jayavelu Tamilselvan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExtensive studies have attributed the lysosomal localization of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) during its activation. However, the exact biological significance of this lysosomal localization of mTORC1 remains ill‐defined. Interestingly, findings have shown that localization of the lysosome itself is altered under conditions influencing mTORC1 activity. In this perspective, we hypothesize that the localization of mTORC1 and lysosome could be interconnected in a way that manifests regulation of autophagy that is already under progression at the time of mTORC1 activation. This provides a new possibility for autophagy regulation whose complete mechanistic insights remain to be determined.
A Methionine Chemical Shift Based Order Parameter Characterizing Global Protein Dynamics
Authors: Chashmniam Saeed , Teixeira João M. C. , Paniagua Juan Carlos , Pons Miquel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoupling of side chain dynamics over long distances is an important component of allostery. Methionine side chains show the largest intrinsic flexibility among methyl‐containing residues but the actual degree of conformational averaging depends on the proximity and mobility of neighboring residues. The 13C NMR chemical shifts of the methyl groups of methionine residues located at long distances in the same protein show a similar scaling with respect to the values predicted from the static X‐ray structure by quantum methods. This results in a good linear correlation between calculated and observed chemical shifts. The slope is protein dependent and ranges from zero for the highly flexible calmodulin to 0.7 for the much more rigid calcineurin catalytic domain. The linear correlation is indicative of a similar level of side‐chain conformational averaging over long distances, and the slope of the correlation line can be interpreted as an order parameter of the global side‐chain flexibility.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in aortic regurgitation: The U.S. experience
Authors: Arora Shilpkumar , Lahewala Sopan , Zuzek Zachary , Thakkar Samarthkumar , Jani Chinmay , Jaswaney Rahul , Singh Aanandita , Bhyan Poonam , Arora Nirav , Main Anthony , Osman Mohammed Najeeb , Hoit Brian D. , Attizzani Guilherme F. , Panaich Sidakpal S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) can be an effective option for high‐risk Aortic Regurgitation (AR) patients. Although international experiences of TAVR for AR are published, U.S. data are limited. This study sought to report the short‐term outcomes of TAVR in AR in the U.S. population.MethodsStudy cohorts were derived from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) 2016–17. TAVR and AR were identified using ICD‐10‐CM‐codes. The key outcomes were all‐cause mortality, disabling stroke, valvular complications, complete heart block (CHB)/permanent pacemaker placement (PPM), open‐heart surgery, acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis, and vascular complications. Multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders.Results915 patients from the NIS (male‐71%, age ≥65–84.2%) and 822 patients from the NRD (male‐69.3%, age ≥65–80.5%) underwent TAVR for AR. The median length of stay (LOS) was 4 days for both cohorts. In‐hospital mortality was 2.7%, and 30‐day mortality was 3.3%. Disabling strokes were noted in 0.6% peri‐procedurally and 1.8% at 30‐days. Valve‐related complications were 18–19% with paravalvular leak (4–7%) being the most common. Approximately 11% of patients developed CHB and/or needed PPM in both cohorts. In NRD, 2.2% of patients required dialysis for AKI, 1.5% developed vascular complications, and 0.6% required open‐heart surgery within 30‐days post‐procedure. Anemia was predictive of increased overall complications and valvular complications, whereas peripheral vascular disease was a predictor of increased valvular complications and CHB/PPM.ConclusionTAVR is a promising option in AR. Further studies are necessary for the expansion of TAVR as the standard treatment in AR.
Structural Motifs of Alkali Metal Superbases in Non‐coordinating Solvents
Authors: Klett Jan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLochmann–Schlosser superbases (LSB) are a standard reagent in synthetic chemistry to achieve an exchange of a proton on an organic framework with an alkali metal cation, which in turn can be replaced by a wide range of electrophilic groups. In standard examples, the deprotonating reagent consists of an equimolar mixture of n‐butyllithium and potassium t‐butoxide. However, the nature of the reactive species could not be pinned down either for this composition or for similar mixtures with comparable high reactivity. Despite the poor solubility and the fierce reactivity, some insights into this mixture were achieved by some indirect results, comparison with chemically related systems, or skillful deductions. Recent results, mainly based on new soluble compounds, delivered structural evidence. These new insights lead to advanced and more detailed conclusions about the interplay of the involved components.
Impact of health literacy on shared decision making for prostate‐specific antigen screening in the United States
Authors: Nguyen David‐Dan , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Cole Alexander P. , Kilbridge Kerry L. , Mahal Brandon A. , Hayn Matt , Hansen Moritz , Han Paul K. J. , Sammon Jesse D. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundCurrent guidelines endorse shared decision making (SDM) for prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening. The relationship between a patient's health literacy (HL) and SDM remains unclear. In the current study, the authors sought to identify the impact of HL on the rates of PSA screening and on the relationship between HL and SDM following the 2012 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations against PSA screening.MethodsUsing data from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, the authors examined PSA screening in the 13 states that administered the optional “Health Literacy” module. Men aged ≥50 years were examined. Complex samples multivariable logistic regression models were computed to assess the odds of undergoing PSA screening. The interactions between HL and SDM were also examined.ResultsA weighted sample of 12.249 million men with a rate of PSA screening of 33.4% were identified. Approximately one‐third self‐identified as having optimal HL. Rates of PSA screening were found to be highest amongst the highest HL group (42.2%). Being in this group was a significant predictor of undergoing PSA screening (odds ratio, 1.214; 95% confidence interval, 1.051‐1.403). There was a significant interaction observed between HL and SDM (P for interaction, <.001) such that higher HL was associated with a lower likelihood of undergoing PSA screening when SDM was present.ConclusionsIn the uncertain environment of multiple contradictory screening guidelines, men who reported higher levels of HL were found to have higher levels of screening. The authors demonstrated that increased HL may reduce the screening‐promoting effect of SDM. These findings highlight the dynamic interplay between HL and SDM that should inform the creation and promulgation of SDM guidelines, specifically when considering patients with low HL.
Physical activity and cold pain tolerance in the general population
Authors: Årnes Anders P. , Nielsen Christopher S. , Stubhaug Audun , Fjeld Mats K. , Hopstock Laila A. , Horsch Alexander , Johansen Aslak , Morseth Bente , Wilsgaard Tom , Steingrímsdóttir Ólöf A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between habitual physical activity (PA) and experimental pain tolerance has been investigated in small samples of young, healthy and/or single‐sex volunteers. We used a large, population‐based sample to assess this relationship in men and women with and without chronic pain.MethodsWe used data from the sixth and seventh Tromsø Study surveys (2007–2008; 2015–2016), with assessed pain tolerance of participants with the cold pressor test (CPT: dominant hand in circulating cold water at 3°C, maximum test time 106 s), and self‐reported total amount of habitual PA in leisure time (n = 19,087), exercise frequency (n = 19,388), exercise intensity (n = 18,393) and exercise duration (n = 18,343). A sub‐sample had PA measured by accelerometers (n = 4,922). We used Cox regression to compare CPT tolerance times between self‐reported PA levels. For accelerometer‐measured PA, we estimated hazard ratios for average daily activity counts, and for average daily minutes of moderate‐to‐vigorous PA done in bouts lasting 10 min or more. Models were tested for PA‐sex, and PA‐chronic pain and PA‐moderate‐to‐severe chronic pain interactions.ResultsLeisure‐time PA, exercise intensity and exercise duration were positively associated with CPT tolerance (p < .001; p = .011; p < .001). More PA was associated with higher CPT tolerance. At high levels of leisure‐time PA and exercise intensity, men had a significantly higher CPT tolerance than women. Accelerometer‐measured PA was not associated with CPT tolerance.ConclusionsThis study is one of the first to show that higher self‐reported habitual PA was connected to higher experimental pain tolerance in a population‐based sample, especially for men. This was not found for accelerometer‐measured PA.SignificanceThis study finds that higher level of self‐reported leisure‐time physical activity is associated with increased cold pressor pain tolerance in a large population‐based sample. Though present in both sexes, the association is strongest among men. Despite the robust dose–response relationship between pain tolerance and self‐reported activity level, no such relationship was found for accelerometer‐measured activity, reflecting a possible discrepancy in the aspect of physical activity measured. Though the study design does not permit causal conclusions, the findings suggest that increasing physical activity may increase pain tolerance in the general population.
Effects of nonlinear thermal radiation over magnetized stagnation point flow of Williamson fluid in porous media driven by stretching sheet
Authors: Rajput Govind R. , Jadhav Bipin P. , Patil Vishwambhar S. , Salunkhe S. N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, the stagnation point flow of a magnetized Williamson fluid past a stretching sheet in the presence of nonlinear thermal radiation and buoyancy effect is studied. The present situation is remodeled using similarity transformation that transforms the flow model of partial differential equations into the set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta scheme and shooting method are employed to solve these reduced equations. The effects of various associated parameters over the velocity and temperature profiles are plotted and the outcome of each associated parameter is discussed through graphs. The key findings are noted as follows: the velocity profile declines with an increase in the magnetic force number, and an increment in buoyancy parameter leads to the increase in the boundary layer thickness and decrease in the thickness of the thermal boundary layer.