bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of canola-derived glucosinolates in pigs fed resistant starch-based diets
Authors: Lee Jung W , Wang Shenggang , Huang Yue , Seefeldt Teresa , Donkor Abigail , Logue Brian A , Woyengo Tofuko A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A study was conducted to determine effects of reducing hindgut pH through dietary inclusion of high-amylose cornstarch (HA-starch) on growth performance, organ weights relative to live body weight (BW), blood thyroid hormone levels, and glucosinolate degradation products of nursery pigs fed cold-pressed canola cake (CPCC). A total of 240 pigs (initial BW: 7.1 kg), which had been weaned at 21 d of age, were housed in 40 pens (6 pigs per pen) and fed 4 diets (10 pens per diet) in a randomized complete block design for 28 d. Four diets were a basal diet with CPCC at 0 or 40%, and with HA-starch at 0 or 40% in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The diets were fed in two phases: Phase 1 from day 0 to 14 and Phase 2 from day 14 to 28 and were formulated to have the same net energy, standardized ileal digestible AA, Ca, and standardized total tract digestible P contents. Dietary inclusion of CPCC and HA-starch was achieved by a partial or complete replacement of corn, soybean meal, and soy protein. At the end of the study, one pig from each pen was euthanized to determine organ weights, blood parameters, hindgut pH, and glucosinolate degradation products. Dietary CPCC reduced (P &lt; 0.05) overall average daily gain (ADG) by 15%; increased (P &lt; 0.05) relative weights of liver and thyroid gland by 27% and 64%, respectively; and reduced (P &lt; 0.05) serum tetraiodothyronine (T4) level from 30.3 to 17.8 ng/mL. Heart, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract weights; serum triiodothyronine level; and hindgut pH of pigs were unaffected by dietary CPCC. Dietary HA-starch reduced (P &lt; 0.05) overall ADG, relative weight of thyroid gland, cecal, and colonic pH; but increased (P &lt; 0.05) relative weight of colon; tended to increase (P = 0.062) serum T4 level. Dietary CPCC and HA-starch interacted (P = 0.024) on relative weight of thyroid gland such that dietary CPCC increased (P &lt; 0.05) weight of thyroid gland for HA-starch-free diet (120 vs. 197 mg/kg of BW) but not for HA-starch-containing diet (104 vs. 130 mg/kg of BW). Dietary CPCC and HA-starch interacted (P = 0.001) on cecal isothiocyanate content such that dietary CPCC increased (P &lt; 0.05) level of isothiocyanates for HA-starch-containing diet but not for HA-starch-free diet. In conclusion, dietary CPCC reduced growth performance, increased liver, size and interfered with thyroid gland functions of pigs. However, the negative effects of dietary CPCC on thyroid gland functions of nursery pigs were alleviated by dietary HA-starch.
Strangulated spigelian hernia with necrosis of the caecum, appendix and terminal ileum: an unusual presentation in the elderly
Authors: Ndong Abdourahmane , Tendeng Jacques Noel , Niang Fallou Gallas , Diao Mohamed Lamine , Diallo Adja Coumba , Ndichout Aicha , Dia Diago Anta , Nyemb Phillipe Manyacka Ma , Konaté Ibrahima 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Spigelian hernia is a rare form of abdominal wall hernias. We report an unusual case of a strangulated spigelian hernia with necrotic contents of the caecum, appendix and terminal ileum in the elderly. An 84-year-old woman, with a history of eight pregnancies, was admitted for bowel obstruction evolving for 7 days. The computed tomography scan showed a strangulated right spigelian hernia. Surgical exploration with an incision centered on the mass confirmed the diagnosis with extensive necrosis of the caecum, appendix and 10 cm of the terminal ileum. A right hemi-colectomy with an ileo-colic anastomosis was performed. The post-operative course was marked by the death of the patient in intensive care due to multi-visceral failure. The occurrence of strangulation with necrosis of the caecum, appendix and terminal ileum in spigelian hernia is extremely rare. It requires early diagnosis and treatment to reduce post-operative morbidity and mortality.
Aeromedical Evacuations Within the French Armed Forces: Analysis of 2,129 Patients
Authors: Luft Antoine , Corcostegui Simon-Pierre , Millet Marianne , Gillard Jonathan , Boissier Jerome , Rondy Patrick , Bancarel Jérôme , Carfantan Cyril 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The doctrine of medical support during French military operations is based on a triptych: forward medical stabilization, forward damage control surgery, and early strategic aeromedical evacuation (Strategic-AE). The aim of this study was to describe the last piece, the evacuation process of the French Strategic-AE.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using patient records from 2015 to 2017. All French service members requiring an air evacuation from a foreign country to a homeland medical facility were included. Data collected included age, medical diagnosis, priority categorization, boarding location, distance from Paris, type of plane and flight, medical team composition, timeline, and dispatch at arrival.

Results
We analyzed 2,129 patients evacuated from 71 countries, most from Africa (1,256), the Middle East (382), and South America (175). Most patients (1,958) were not severely injured, although some considered priority (103) or urgent (68). Diagnoses included disease (48.6%), nonbattle injuries (43%), battle stress (5.3%), and battle injuries (3%). 246 Strategic-AE used medical teams in flight, 136 of them in a dedicated Falcon aircraft. The main etiologies for those evacuations were battle injuries (24%), cardiovascular (15.4%), infections (8%), and neurologic (7.3%). The median time of management for urgent patients was about 16 hours but longer for priority patients (26 hours). Once in France, 1,146 patients were admitted to a surgery department and 96 to an intensive care unit.

Conclusion
This is the first study to analyze the French Strategic-AE system, which is doctrinally unique when compared to its North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies. North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies favor care in the theatre in place of the French early Strategic-AE. However, in the event of a high intensity conflict, a combination of these two doctrines could be useful.
Self-gravitating filament formation from shocked flows: velocity gradients across filaments
Authors: Chen Che-Yu , Mundy Lee G , Ostriker Eve C , Storm Shaye , Dhabal Arnab 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
In typical environments of star-forming clouds, converging supersonic turbulence generates shock-compressed regions, and can create strongly magnetized sheet-like layers. Numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulations show that within these post-shock layers, dense filaments and embedded self-gravitating cores form via gathering material along the magnetic field lines. As a result of the preferred-direction mass collection, a velocity gradient perpendicular to the filament major axis is a common feature seen in simulations. We show that this prediction is in good agreement with recent observations from the CARMA Large Area Star Formation Survey (CLASSy), from which we identified several filaments with prominent velocity gradients perpendicular to their major axes. Highlighting a filament from the north-west part of Serpens South, we provide both qualitative and quantitative comparisons between simulation results and observational data. In particular, we show that the dimensionless ratio Cv ≡ Δvh2/(GM/L), where Δvh is half of the observed perpendicular velocity difference across a filament, and M/L is the filament’s mass per unit length, can distinguish between filaments formed purely due to turbulent compression and those formed due to gravity-induced accretion. We conclude that the perpendicular velocity gradient observed in the Serpens South north-west filament can be caused by gravity-induced anisotropic accretion of material from a flattened layer. Using synthetic observations of our simulated filaments, we also propose that a density-selection effect may explain observed subfilaments (one filament breaking into two components in velocity space) as reported in recent observations.
The thermal-radiative wind in low-mass X-ray binary H1743−322 – II. Iron line predictions from Monte Carlo radiation transfer
Authors: Tomaru Ryota , Done Chris , Ohsuga Ken , Odaka Hirokazu , Takahashi Tadayuki 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTWe show the best current simulations of the absorption and emission features predicted from thermal-radiative winds produced from X-ray illumination of the outer accretion disc in binary systems. We use the density and velocity structure derived from a radiation hydrodynamic code as input to a Monte Carlo radiation transport calculation. The initial conditions are matched to those of the black hole binary system H1743−322 in its soft, disc dominated state, where wind features are seen in Chandra grating data. Our simulation fits well to the observed line profile, showing that these physical wind models can be the origin of the absorption features seen, rather than requiring a magnetically driven wind. We show how the velocity structure is the key observable discriminator between magnetic and thermal winds. Magnetic winds are faster at smaller radii, whereas thermal winds transition to a static atmosphere at smaller radii. New data from XRISM (due for launch 2022 January) will give an unprecedented view of the physics of the wind launch and acceleration processes, but the existence of static atmospheres in small disc systems already rules out magnetic winds which assume self-similar magnetic fields from the entire disc as the origin of the absorption features seen.
High resolution crystal structure of a KRAS promoter G-quadruplex reveals a dimer with extensive poly-A π-stacking interactions for small-molecule recognition
Authors: Ou Arnold , Schmidberger Jason W , Wilson Katie A , Evans Cameron W , Hargreaves Jessica A , Grigg Melanie , O’Mara Megan L , Iyer K Swaminathan , Bond Charles S , Smith Nicole M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAberrant KRAS signaling is a driver of many cancers and yet remains an elusive target for drug therapy. The nuclease hypersensitive element of the KRAS promoter has been reported to form secondary DNA structures called G-quadruplexes (G4s) which may play important roles in regulating KRAS expression, and has spurred interest in structural elucidation studies of the KRAS G-quadruplexes. Here, we report the first high-resolution crystal structure (1.6 Å) of a KRAS G-quadruplex as a 5′-head-to-head dimer with extensive poly-A π-stacking interactions observed across the dimer. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that the poly-A π-stacking interactions are also maintained in the G4 monomers. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations with two G4 ligands that display high stabilization of the KRAS G4 indicated the poly-A loop was a binding site for these ligands in addition to the 5′-G-tetrad. Given sequence and structural variability in the loop regions provide the opportunity for small-molecule targeting of specific G4s, we envisage this high-resolution crystal structure for the KRAS G-quadruplex will aid in the rational design of ligands to selectively target KRAS.
Anterior Column Realignment: Analysis of Neurological Risk and Radiographic Outcomes
Authors: Saigal Rajiv , Akbarnia Behrooz A , Eastlack Robert K , Bagheri Ali , Tran Stacie , Brown Drew , Bagheri Ramin , Mundis Gregory M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Anterior column realignment (ACR) is a less invasive alternative to 3-column osteotomy for the correction of sagittal imbalance. We hypothesized that ACR would correct sagittal imbalance with an acceptable neurological risk.

OBJECTIVE
To assess long-term neurological and radiographic outcomes after ACR.

METHODS
Patients ≥18 yr who underwent ACR from 2005 to 2013 were eligible. Standing scoliosis radiographs were studied at preoperation, postoperation (≤6 wk), and at minimum 2 yr of follow-up. Clinical/radiographic data were collected through a retrospective chart review, with thoracic 1 spino-pelvic inclination (T1SPi) used as the angular surrogate for sagittal vertical axis.

RESULTS
A total of 26 patients had complete data, with a mean follow-up of 2.8 yr (1.8-7.4). Preoperative, sagittal parameters were lumbar lordosis (LL) of −16.1°, pelvic incidence (PI)-LL of 41.7°, T1SPi of 3.6°, and pelvis tilt (PT) of 32.4°. LL improved by 30.6° (P < .001) postoperation. Mean changes in PT (−8.3), sacral slope (8.9), T1SPi (−4.9), and PI-LL (−33.5) were all significant. The motion segment angle improved by 26.6°, from 5.2° to −21.4° (P < .001). Neurological complications occurred in 32% patients postoperation (n = 8; 1 patient with both sensory and motor). New thigh numbness/paresthesia developed in 3 (13%) patients postoperation; only 1 (4%) persisted at latest follow-up. A total of 6 (24%) patients developed a new lower extremity motor deficit postoperation, with 4 (8%) having persistent new weakness at last follow-up. Out of 8 patients with preoperative motor deficit, half saw improvement postoperation and 75% improved by last follow-up.

CONCLUSION
There was net motor improvement, with 24% of patients improving and 16% having persistent new weakness at latest follow-up; 60% were unchanged. Radiographic results demonstrate that ACR is a useful tool to treat severe sagittal plane deformity.
Radiological differences between subtypes of WHO 2016 grade II–III gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van Lent Djuno I , van Baarsen Kirsten M , Snijders Tom J , Robe Pierre A J T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p/19q-codeletion are oncogenetic alterations with a positive prognostic value for diffuse gliomas, especially grade II and III. Some studies have suggested differences in biological behavior as reflected by radiological characteristics. In this paper, the literature regarding radiological characteristics in grade II and III glioma subtypes was systematically evaluated and a meta-analysis was performed.

Methods
Studies that addressed the relationship between conventional radiological characteristics and IDH mutations and/or 1p/19q-codeletions in newly diagnosed, grade II and III gliomas of adult patients were included. The “3-group analysis” compared radiological characteristics between the WHO 2016 glioma subtypes (IDH-mutant astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype astrocytoma, and oligodendroglioma), and the “2-group analysis” compared radiological characteristics between 1p/19q-codeleted gliomas and 1p/19q-intact gliomas.

Results
Fourteen studies (3-group analysis: 670 cases, 2-group analysis: 1042 cases) were included. IDH-mutated astrocytomas showed more often sharp borders and less frequently contrast enhancement compared to IDH-wildtype astrocytomas. 1p/19q-codeleted gliomas had less frequently sharp borders, but showed a heterogeneous aspect, calcification, cysts, and edema more frequently. For the 1p/19q-codeleted gliomas, a sensitivity of 96% was found for heterogeneity and a specificity of 88.1% for calcification.

Conclusions
Significant differences in conventional radiological characteristics exist between the WHO 2016 glioma subtypes, which may reflect differences in biological behavior. However, the diagnostic value of the independent radiological characteristics is insufficient to reliably predict the molecular genetic subtype.
Desire That Amounts to Knowledge
Authors: Hazlett Allan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractI argue that desire sometimes amounts to knowledge, in the same sense that belief sometimes amounts to knowledge. The argument rests on two assumptions: that goodness is the correctness condition for desire (which is one articulation of the idea that we desire things under the ‘guise of the good’) and that knowledge is apt mental representation (which is a generalized virtue-theoretic account of knowledge). Desire that amounts to knowledge—or ‘conative knowledge’—is illustrated by cases in which someone knows the goodness of something despite not believing that it is good.
Early detection of ventricular dysfunction in juvenile systemic sclerosis by speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Civieri Giovanni , Castaldi Biagio , Martini Giorgia , Meneghel Alessandra , Milanesi Ornella , Zulian Francesco 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
Cardiac involvement is the most important cause of mortality in juvenile systemic sclerosis (JSSc). Recent reports in adult patients underline that traditional techniques of imaging are inadequate to assess the subclinical cardiac involvement, while speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is able to identify ventricular dysfunctions in the early stages. The aim of our study was to assess the role of STE in JSSc.

Methods
Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected from patients with JSSc. Cardiac investigations performed at baseline (T0) and 18 (T18) and 36 months (T36) follow-up included electrocardiography, conventional echocardiography with measurement of the ejection fraction (EF) and STE with assessment of left and right ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS and RV-GLS). Cardiac parameters have been compared with demographic characteristics and disease severity, assessed by the Juvenile Systemic Sclerosis Severity Score (J4S).

Results
A total of 18 patients, 12 (67%) females, entered the study. At T0, electrocardiography was abnormal in three patients, EF was reduced in one, LV-GLS was abnormal in three (16.7%) and RV-GLS was abnormal in five (27.8%). At T18, EF remained stable while at T36 the result decreased in seven of nine patients. At the same time, LV-GLS also worsened (from −21.6% to −18.2%, P = 0.01). LV-GLS and RV-GLS at baseline showed a significant correlation with J4S (P = 0.012 and P = 0.02, respectively).

Conclusion
STE is more sensitive than standard echocardiography to identify cardiac involvement in JSSc. Over time, we observed a gradual worsening of LV-GLS, a sign of left ventricular dysfunction, that anticipated by several months the decrease of EF.
A Next-Generation Risk Assessment Case Study for Coumarin in Cosmetic Products
Authors: Baltazar Maria T , Cable Sophie , Carmichael Paul L , Cubberley Richard , Cull Tom , Delagrange Mona , Dent Matthew P , Hatherell Sarah , Houghton Jade , Kukic Predrag , Li Hequn , Lee Mi-Young , Malcomber Sophie , Middleton Alistair M , Moxon Thomas E , Nathanail Alexis V , Nicol Beate , Pendlington Ruth , Reynolds Georgia , Reynolds Joe , White Andrew , Westmoreland Carl 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNext-Generation Risk Assessment is defined as an exposure-led, hypothesis-driven risk assessment approach that integrates new approach methodologies (NAMs) to assure safety without the use of animal testing. These principles were applied to a hypothetical safety assessment of 0.1% coumarin in face cream and body lotion. For the purpose of evaluating the use of NAMs, existing animal and human data on coumarin were excluded. Internal concentrations (plasma Cmax) were estimated using a physiologically based kinetic model for dermally applied coumarin. Systemic toxicity was assessed using a battery of in vitro NAMs to identify points of departure (PoDs) for a variety of biological effects such as receptor-mediated and immunomodulatory effects (Eurofins SafetyScreen44 and BioMap Diversity 8 Panel, respectively), and general bioactivity (ToxCast data, an in vitro cell stress panel and high-throughput transcriptomics). In addition, in silico alerts for genotoxicity were followed up with the ToxTracker tool. The PoDs from the in vitro assays were plotted against the calculated in vivo exposure to calculate a margin of safety with associated uncertainty. The predicted Cmax values for face cream and body lotion were lower than all PoDs with margin of safety higher than 100. Furthermore, coumarin was not genotoxic, did not bind to any of the 44 receptors tested and did not show any immunomodulatory effects at consumer-relevant exposures. In conclusion, this case study demonstrated the value of integrating exposure science, computational modeling and in vitro bioactivity data, to reach a safety decision without animal data.
Using Positive Nudge to Promote Healthy Eating at Worksite
Authors: Montagni Ilaria , Prevot Frédéric , Castro Zoila , Goubel Baptiste , Perrin Laurence , Oppert Jean-Michel , Fontvieille Anne-Marie 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
To assess the effect and transferability of a workplace food labeling intervention.

Methods:
Employees’ purchase of food items in cafeterias of an international company was monitored in six intervention sites (one in France and five in the United States [US]) where green-labels were displayed in healthy food items. One cafeteria in France represented the control site. Descriptive statistics were performed inter- and intra-site.

Results:
One year after the intervention, purchase of labeled items was higher in the French intervention site compared with the control (P < 0.001). This consumption was increasing 2 years after the intervention (P < 0.001). The percentage (+8.0% from T0 to T1) of sales of labeled items from the US sites confirmed the transferability of this intervention.

Conclusions:
Workplace food labeling using positive nudge can contribute to healthy eating habits among employees. This can be replicated in other worksite cafeterias.
Risk Factors for Retinal Detachment
Authors: Kriebel David , Sama Susan R. , Bradbury Michael , Buchholz Bryan , Curti Stefania , Daines Bradley , Deliso Kathryn , DeVries Rebecca , Fleckner Tara , Gore Rebecca , Mattioli Stefano , Shah Chirag , Wegman David H. 
Published: April 2020

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for retinal detachment or tear (RD/T), and follow up two studies that found increased risk from work-related heavy lifting.Methods:We conducted a case–control study including 200 cases of RD/T and 415 controls. Participants completed a questionnaire covering general health, vision, and physical exertion. Multiple logistic regression and propensity score matching was used to control confounding and estimate independent effects.Results:RD/T risk was increased by one lifting measure: current regular lifting of more than 30 lbs (>13.6 kg). In the population aged less than 65 years, the odds ratio comparing those with/without heavy lifting was 1.81, 95% confidence interval = 1.08 to 3.04.Conclusion:Occupational heavy lifting may represent a risk factor for RD/T, but further research is needed in populations with frequent heavy physical exertion to more precisely quantify the risk.
Whole-Process Emergency Training of Personal Protective Equipment Helps Healthcare Workers Against COVID-19
Authors: Tan Wenhui , Ye Yuying , Yang Yijing , Chen Zhu , Yang Xinglong , Zhu Caizhong , Chen Dong , Tan Junyuan , Zhen Cheng 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
To develop an emergency training program of personal protective equipment (PPE) for general healthcare workers (HCWs) who may be under the threat of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and evaluate the effect of the program.

Methods:
A three-stage training program was designed. The complete clinical workflow together with infectious disease ward was simulated. To verify the effect of the program, an experimental training with pre- and post-test was conducted before large-scale training.

Results:
Post-test scores were significantly improved when compared with the pre-test scores. Among all PPE, N95 respirator and protective coverall needed training most. Meanwhile, “proficiency level” and “mutual check & help” also needed to be strengthened as independent scoring points.

Conclusion:
This training program significantly improved the performances of participants. It may therefore be applied for general HCWs on a larger scale.