bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Geochemical Assessment of Ogbagha River Sediments in Okpella Area of Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Obanje S.O. , Adelowo S.A. 
Published: June 2020

The main aim of this paper is the environmental geochemical assessment of Ogbagha river sediments to ascertain the level of their pollution. The study area lies between latitude 7°14’N and 7°22’N and longitude 6°15’E and 6°23’E in Okpella area of Edo State, Nigeria. Major and trace elements in the six composite samples collected were analysed using Epsilon-5 x-ray fluorescence model (pAnalytical). SiO2 values range from71.4-81.61 wt. % with mean of 75.71 wt %, while Al2O3 values range from 7.01-12.97 wt. % with mean values of 11.56 wt. %.The other major oxides are below 7.00 wt. %. SiO2 and Al2O3 wt. % values are indicative of felsic source rock. The mean concentration values of Zr (1,830.55 ppm), Ba (1,416.00 ppm) and Cu (77.17 ppm) are higher than their crustal baseline values. Conversely, Sr (295.00 ppm), In (106.00 ppm), As (14.83 ppm), Cr (8.53 ppm), Co (7.00 ppm), Pb (13.33 ppm) have lower average concentrations than their crustal baseline average concentrations. Chemical index of alteration values for the samples also pointed to felsic source rock(s). The index of geoaccumulation values of Sb, In, Zr is indicative of serious environmental geochemical concern in the study area. However, potentially toxic elements such as Cu, Cr, Co, Pb, etc. are below the pollution baseline. It is recommended that standard environmental remediation measures should be taken to mitigate the pollution impact of In, Sb and Zr in the study area.
Keywords: Ogbagha-Okpella, environmental geochemistry, enrichment ratios, geoaccumulation index
Evaluation of Primordial Radionuclides in <I>Ocimum gratissimum</I> and health Risk to the Consumers at Ewekoro Southwest of Nigeria
Authors: Sowole O. , Olaniyi O.E. , Amodu F.R. 
Published: June 2020

Primordial radionuclides are transported in to the plants through the leaves and roots. Medicinal plants are widely used in Africa for prevention and treatment of diseases. Ocimum Gratissimum is medicinal plant that is so used in southwest of Nigeria due to its multifunctional traditional medicinal health uses and as spice in cooking. The research is to determine the radiological health risk of these primordial radionuclides to the consumers of Ocimum Gratissimum in the study area. Fresh leaves of the medicinal plant were plucked from ten (10) different locations at Ewekoro where mining of limestone had been taking place in Ogun State, southwest of Nigeria, been the part of the plant that was commonly used. The concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th in the fresh leaves were determined using gamma spectrometry method, and average annual committed effective dose to the adult consumers was determined. No artificial radionuclide was detected. The highest annual committed effective doses of 40K, 238U and 232Th to the consumers of Ocimum Gratissimum were obtained to be 0.00133mSvy-1, 0.00147mSvy-1 and 0.00336mSvy-1 respectively. The highest excess lifetime cancer risk of 40K, 238U and 232Th to the consumers were calculated to be 0.0211 x 10-3, 0.0136 x 10-3 and 0.1434 x 10-3 respectively. The average annual committed effective dose and average excess lifetime cancer risk of the radionuclides to the consumers were calculated to be 0.0109mSvy-1 and 0.0379 x 10-3 respectively. The values were below the limits of 0.3mSvy-1 and 0.29 x 10-3 respectively, recommended globally. The consumers of the medicinal plant do not have significant radiological health risk. Furthermore, the results obtained can serve as reference data for future studies in the study area and its environs.
Keywords: Primordial Radionuclide, Medicinal plant, Dose, Cancer
Facies Architecture Analysis for Paleo-environment Evaluation in “Tom” Oil Field, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Asubiojo T.M. 
Published: June 2020

The cored section of reservoir C, well 4 of the drilled five wells that penetrated three reservoirs A, B and C in “TOM” oil field, Eastern Niger Delta was analysed and described on the basis of lithofacies, sedimentary structures and trace fossil records by using core data and wireline log motifs, with the aim of carrying out thorough geological core analysis to interpret the depositional environment of the oil field. The lithofacies are sandstones with interbedded mudstones and siltstones, the dominant sedimentary structures are parallel to ripple cross laminations, hummocky and swaley cross stratifications, sandy hetherolitics, planar to low angle cross bedding with traces of Teichichnus and Ophiomorpha burrows. The gamma-ray log motifs were noted and used to further constrain the character of the sedimentary facies and depositional environment of the field. A tidal incised – fluvial dominated shallow marine (lower, middle, upper shoreface) comprises of tidal channel sands and tidal flat of the coastal shelf depositional setting in the marginal marine mega depositional environment had been inferred for the “TOM” field.
Keywords: Shoreface, Reservoir, Lithofacies, Structures
Heavy Metal Uptake and Bioaccumulation by Mangrove Grab (<i>Goniopsis pelli</i>) from used Drilling Mud, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Enyi I.O. , Babatunde B.B. , Hart A.I. 
Published: June 2020

This study was carried out to evaluate some heavy metal uptake and bioaccumulation in the meat, egg and shell of G. pelli from used drilling mud. The experimental approach involved the exposure of ten of the test organism G. pelli to six acute concentrations of drilling mud representing 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% for 96 hours in three replicates after the range finding test was conducted to determine the LC50. From the LC50, the test organism was further exposed to four sub-lethal concentrations of drilling mud (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) for 21 days to evaluate the heavy metal uptake by the test organism. the result showed that heavy metal uptake increased in the order of meat (<0.001-2.36±0.12), shell (<0.001-3.31±0.19) and egg (<0.001-0.54±0.05) when compared with those in control tank. Copper was highest (3.31μg/g) in the shell and lowest (0.26μg/g) in the egg; zinc was highest (2.36μg/g) in the meat and lowest (0.22μg/g) in the shell; chromium was highest (0.12μg/g) in the meat and lowest (0.06μg/g) in the egg; cadmium was highest (0.2μg/g) in the shell and lowest (0.001μg/g) in the egg while lead had equal value (<0.001) in the meat, shell and egg of the test organism. This could pose a very serious health challenge to the consumers of G. pelli and other aquatic fishery resources if nothing is done to ensure the best practice in drilling activities in other to avoid pollution of the water bodies through drilling.
Keywords: Heavy metals, bioaccumulation, drilling mud, Goniopsis pelli
Geochemical Appraisal of the Mamu Shales Exposed around Igodor in the Benin Flank of the Anambra Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Okiotor M.E. , Ighodaro E.J. 
Published: June 2020

The Auchi area of Edo state which lies within the Benin flank of the Anambra Basin host shaly sediment exposures that have been classified by previous researches as units of the Mamu Formation. This study evaluated samples of this sediment from Igodor near Auchi for its geochemical and mineralogical properties, and intereted its, depositional environment and geotectonic setting. In order to achieve this, field studies were carried out and representative samples obtained for Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) analyses of major oxides, trace and rare earth elements. X-Ray Diffraction analysis was also carried out to determine the mineralogical composition. Some of the minerals determined were Aragonite and galena. Binary plots, triplots and elemental ratio plots including SiO2/, Al2O3, Th/Sc, Th/Co and La/Sc , Th-Sc-Zr, and the abundance of Cr, Ni were employed to determine the provenance. The concentration of detrital indicators such as SiO2, Al2O3 and TiO2, with averages of 51.95, 25.34 and 1.39 respectively, indicate high detrital influx into the Benin Flank of the Anambra basin. SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of 1.80-2.20, indicate that the shales were made up of pure kaolinite. The Ni and Cr abundance indicated a mafic and felsic provenance for the sediments, however, Th/Sc, Th/Co and La/Sc ratios show that the provenance was predominantly felsic, while the Th-Sc-Zr triplot shows that the depositional setting was passive.
Dimension Stone: Exploration and Exploitation in parts of Lokoja, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Egesi N. , Nwosu J.I. 
Published: June 2020

The study area Lokoja is the home to the confluence between Rivers Niger and Benue. Dimension stone is cut or quarried stone in accordance with specific dimensions, generally more abundant and are used in greater quantities than ore minerals in pavement and several other constructional activities. The objective of the paper is to present prospects and a lead of rocks in Lokoja area for the production of dimension stone. The rocks in the area are being quarried as aggregates or mined as dimension stone and they met quality parameters of the rocks which includes, must be durable, easy to quarry, work, cut and polish. The particular stones selected depend upon the local weathering conditions which can be determined by amounts of industrial gases present and availability of the rocks locally. The rocks identified are marbles, granite gneisses, migmatites and biotite granites. The granites are being quarried for aggregates, marbles are powdered for cement production while migmatites and granite gneisses were mined for dimension stone.The results of Rock Strength (MPA), Rock Class Factor and Swell Factor are within acceptable standard limits except for migmatites with RS 36%, RCF 7% and SF 1.25%, which is above the limit when compared with previous analysis of AAV 22.0%, ACV23.3%, AIV18%and Absorption 0.54% in Boki area. The dimension stone were separated by more precise and delicate techniques, such as diamond wire saws, diamond belt saws, in the mine the cut dimension stone width are 1m, while many are rectangular in shape. They occur in the same geologic setting of the basement complex of Northcentral Nigeria. In the area investment has been at relatively low stage more investment will significantly increase production of the dimension stone for local usage, export and economic growth.
Keywords:Dimension stone, durable, available, maintenance, migmatite, Lokoja
Sensitivity Analysis of Road Freight Transportation of a Mega Non-Alcoholic Beverage Industry
Authors: Latunde T. , Richard J.O. , Esan O.O. , Dare O.O. 
Published: June 2020

Re-optimization can be very costly for gathering and obtaining more data for a particular problem, to curb this very expensive investment. Sensitivity analysis has been used in this work to determine the behaviour of input parameters of the formulated problem. The main goal of the study is to respectively provide, derive, observe, compare and discuss the sensitivity analysis of data that has been optimized using different methods of the optimal solution. The best method, saving the highest percentage of transportation cost, for the formulated problem is determined to be the North-West Corner method. This was carried out by arbitrarily assigning values to the available warehouses to determine the best possible demand and supply cases rather than the initial cases. Thus, more cases are advised to be supplied to FID from the Asejire plant for the optimum reduced value of transportation cost.
Keywords: Sensitivity, Parameters, Transportation Problem.
Factors Influencing the Dis-adoption of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> among Farming Households in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oke D.O. , Orumwense L.A. , Olugbire O.O. , Oloba O.G. , Awofadeju J.O.H. , Akanbi S.F. 
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to determine the factors influencing the disadoption of Moringa oleifera among farming households in Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires for this study. Descriptive and quantitative techniques were used for the analysis of survey data. Result revealed that the level of disadoption of Moringa in the study area was high whereas those that are still cultivating moringa still realizes income it. Also, the respondents indicated that low return on investment on moringa oleifera, low demand of moringa oleifera products such as leaf and seeds, low sale of moringa products, inadequate processing equipment, and inadequate marketing channels and over hyped health benefit of moringa products were factors contributing to the disadoption of moringa oleifera cultivation.The study revealed that age,membership of farmers’ association, non-farm income, and access to extension and involvement of the farmers in other agroforestry practices were significant factors influencing the disadoption of moringa in the study area. However, membership of farmers’ association and access to extension services significantly influence the probability of disadoption of moringa cultivation negatively. This study therefore recommends that there shouldbe further awareness on the benefits of moringa in order to increase demand for moringa and its product and that farmers should be encouraged to join Moringa farmers group in order to network with other farmers and to access information.
Keywords: Dis-Adoption, Moringa oleifera, Probit and Oyo State.
Ameliorating Effects of Aqueous Extract of <i>Tetracarpidium conophorhum</i> against Iron- Overload Induced damage in Rats
Authors: Innih S.O. , Eluehike N. , Ikponmwosa-Eweka O. 
Published: June 2020

Iron, though an important nutrient but in excess can produce serious damaging effects on organs of the body. Intake of plants and or plant products with iron chelating ability, instead of synthetic iron chelators, can produce less adverse effects and may be more effective. The potential effect of Tetracarpidium conophorhum (T. conophorhum) as a chelating agent of plant origin has not been determined hence the present study. Iron overload condition was induced by oral administration of iron II chloride in the rats. Twenty five rats were randomly divided into five groups. Groups A and B were the normal and negative control (iron overload only) respectively. Groups C-E were the iron overload induced rats treated with 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg body weight of T. conophorhum extracts. Animals in groups C-E received daily oral administration of extracts for thirty days. Thereafter, we studied the effects of T. conophorhum on liver function enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, hematological parameters and lipidperoxidation. Iron overloaded rats showed significant increase (p<0.05) in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin levels and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in total protein, albumin, antioxidant enzymes. T. conophorhum extract at a high dose of 1000mg/kg body weight was able to restore the levels of these parameters to normal. These findings therefore suggest that high dose of T. conophorhum seed extract may be effective in reducing the resultant effects produced in the iron overload-induced liver damage.
Keywords: T. conophorhum, iron overload, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation
Physicochemical Characteristics, Particle Size Distribution and Total Hydrocarbon Content in Soil from Abandoned Landfill Site in Igbogene, Bayelsa state, Nigeria
Authors: Uzoekwe S.A. , Anekwe U.L. 
Published: June 2020

Most household and some industrial solid wastes end up in the landfill which is the commonest means of solid waste management in many parts of Baylesa state, Nigeria. This study assessed the physicochemical characteristics, particle size distribution and total hydrocarbon content in soil samples from abandoned landfill site in Igbogene, Bayelsa state, Nigeria by collecting samples from varying distances (50m, 100m and 150m) at a depth of 0-20cm and analyzed using standard methods. Results were in the range of 5.01 – 5.34 (pH), 0.73 – 0.98 meg/100g (Exchangeable Acidity), 2.45 – 3.48 meg/100g (sodium), 0.19 – 0.31 meg/100g (potassium), 3.94 – 5.33 meg/100g (calcium), 1.52 – 2.15 meg/100g (magnesium), 9.57 – 11.49 mg/kg (nitrate), 4.18 – 5.19 mg/kg (sulphate), 6.99 – 8.85 mg/kg (available phosphorus), 8.23 – 12.60 mg/kg (total hydrocarbon content), 76.48 – 100.25 mg/kg (chloride), 5.14 – 7.59 mg/kg (ammonium), 8.83 – 8.95% (clay), 2.70 – 3.10% (silt), 87.93 – 88.35% (sand), 2.62 – 3.58% (organic carbon), 4.51 – 6.16% (organic matter) and 0.22 – 0.33% (total nitrogen). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant deviations (p>0.05) across the various distances for all parameters except for organic carbon and matter, total nitrogen, potassium and ammonium. In addition, most of the nutrients showed positive significant relationship at p<0.05. This suggests that at large the activities of old landfill in the study area is not influencing the soil characteristics under study. Rather the apparent decline in value away from old landfill may be due to mobility level of minerals in the soil toward the southwest direction, which the cluster analysis clearly showed.
Keywords: Physicochemical Properties, Environmental Contamination, Hydrocarbon Content, Landfill
Design, Fabrication, Evaluation and Calibration of an Improvised Soil Permeameter for Measurement of Soil Hydraulic Conductivity
Authors: Alika J.O. , Adeogun B.K. , Ajibike M.A. 
Published: June 2020

This study aimed at the design, fabrication, evaluation and calibration of an improvised soil permeameter for measuring saturated soil hydraulic conductivities. A metal support frame with a permissible strength of 50e-4 N/mm2 was made using steel galvanized pipes of 6 cmØ (internal diameter) and metal flat bars of 8cm long and 0.4cm thick. The water tank (thickness 0.6 cm, height 28 cm, internal diameter 19 cmØ) and permeameter cylinder (thickness 0.6 cm, height 23 cm, internal diameter 19 cmØ) were both made of Perspex glass material. An electromechanical measuring device which was programmed and operated wirelessly was designed and constructed to measure head-in and head-out parameters. To calibrate the improvised soil permeameter, sampled and particle analysed soils from different locations within Zaria metropolis, were a test run on both foreign and improvised soil permeameters and their respective Ksat readings were subjected to regression analysis. According to the R2 values, the generated 3rd order polynomial regression equation from the Ksat readings of both foreign and improvised soil permeameter had a satisfactory R2 value of 0.985.
Keywords: Permeameter, Hydraulic Conductivity, Electromechanical, Saturated, Automation
A Mathematical Model of a Tuberculosis Transmission Dynamics Incorporating First and Second Line Treatment
Authors: Andrawus J. , Eguda F.Y. , Usman I.G. , Maiwa S.I. , Dibal I.M. , Urum T.G. , Anka G.H. 
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a new mathematical model of a tuberculosis transmission dynamics incorporating first and second line treatment. We calculated a control reproduction number which plays a vital role in biomathematics. The model consists of two equilibrium points namely disease free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium point, it has been shown that the disease free equilibrium point was locally asymptotically stable if thecontrol reproduction number is less than one and also the endemic equilibrium point was locally asymptotically stable if the control reproduction number is greater than one. Numerical simulation was carried out which supported the analytical results.
Keywords: Mathematical Model, Biomathematics, Reproduction Number, Disease Free Equilibrium, Endemic Equilibrium Point
Stingless Bee Honey as Bio-Indicator of Heavy Metals Pollution in and around the University of Ilorin Environ Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Okeola F.O. , Oluade O. , Liad M.T. 
Published: June 2020

Honey from stingless bees was examined as an indicator to evaluate the level of heavy metal pollution at six sampling locations (Oyun A, Oyun B, Bolounduro A, Bolounduro B, Jalala and Quarters) in and around University of Ilorin. Using the dry ashing digestion method the concentration of metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn) were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The concentration of metal (μg/kg) in the honey samples ranged from 0.010-0.001 for Cd, 3992.33-1755.67 for Zn, 2319.33-592.33 for Cu, 29.67 - 4.33 for Cr while Pb with concentration of 1μg/kg was found in only Quarter sample. Zn was the most abundant metal detectable in all the samples with the highest and least concentration obtainable from Oyun B and Bolounduro B respectively. Statistical analysis of the studied metals showed Cu and Zn differ significantly out of the five studied metals. The highest concentration of Cu was observed in Oyun A sample the least was found in the Bolounduro A. Highest concentration for Cr was found in Oyun B while the least was obtained in Oyun A sample. Cd presented the lowest concentration level in all tested samples.All the detected heavy metals in the honey samples were at concentrations within their respective WHO permissible limit.Physicochemical Parameters like density, moisture content, free acidity, pH, ash content and electrical conductivity of the honey samples were also predetermined. The mean density of the honeys is 1.44±0.02, moisture content 14.25±2.52, pH 4.61±0.25, free acidity 44.08±2.46, Ash 1.48±0.64 and electrical conductivity 0.04±0.03. There was significant difference noted between the studied physicochemical parameters and strong correlations observed among some of the studied parameters.Some of the positive and negative detection of the result were found to correlate with activity and suspected pollutant in some of these sampling locations.
Keywords: Honey, Stingless Bee, Heavy Metals, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Changes in intraocular pressure, horizontal pupil diameter, and tear production during the use of topical 1% cyclopentolate in cats and rabbits
Authors: Kovalcuka Liga , Nikolajenko Madara 
Published: June 2020

Background: Cyclopentolate is not commonly used as mydriatic drug in veterinary medicine because of limited data on the local and systemic effects in animals.Aim: To determine the effects of topical 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride on intraocular pressure (IOP), horizontal pupil diameter (HPD) and tear production in the cat and rabbit’s eye during the first hour and up to 36 hours after treatment.Methods: One drop of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride was used in the left eye in 10 clinically and ophthalmologically healthy domestic cats and 10 rabbits. IOP and HPD were recorded every 5 minutes during the first hour, then every 2 hours during the following 12-hour period, and at 24 and 36 hours after application. Schirmer tear test (STT) was measured at 30 and 60 minute after treatment, then in same time points as IOP and HPD. Rebound tonometer (TonoVet®) was used to assess IOP, Jameson calliper to measure HPD and STT to determine the tear production.Results: 1% cyclopentolate increased IOP in cats, reaching a maximum (28.1 ± 5.4 mmHg) at T50 and in rabbits at T25 (16.7 ± 1.3 mmHg). Maximal mydriasis in cats was observed at T40 and lasted 24–36 hours, but in rabbits at T25, and returned to pre-treatment values at T10h–T12h. In cats, STT decreased in both eyes 30 minutes after treatment and remained lower throughout the 36-hour period. In rabbits, STT decreased in the treated eye 30 minutes after treatment, but all following STT measurements returned to normal pre-treatment levels.Conclusion: Study showed novel data about the effects of 1% cyclopentolate to IOP, HPD, STT in cats and rabbits. Cyclopentolate in cats caused mydriasis 20–40 minutes after the treatment by increasing IOP, at the same time, pupil diameter reached pre-treatment values 24–36 hours after treatment. In rabbit’s mydriasis occurred faster, 10–25 minutes after treatment without significant IOP increase and mydriasis lasted 10–12 hours. Significant STT decrease was recorded in cats, but more likely were connected to stress factors. This drug could be considered as a therapeuticalalternative in rabbit more than in cats.
Keywords: Cyclopentolate, Horizontal pupil diameter, Intraocular pressure, Tear production.