bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended black hole solutions in self-interacting Brans-Dicke theory
Authors: Sharif M , Majid Amal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we formulate black hole solutions through extended gravitational decoupling scheme in the framework of self-interacting Brans-Dicke theory. The addition of a new source in the matter distribution increases the degrees of freedom in the system of field equations. Transformations in radial as well as temporal metric functions split the system into two arrays. Each array includes the effects of only one source (either seed or additional). The seed source is assumed to be a vacuum and the corresponding system is specified through the Schwarzschild metric. In order to construct a suitable solution of the second system, constraints are applied on the metric potentials and energy-momentum tensor of the additional source. We obtain three solutions corresponding to different values of the decoupling parameter in the presence of a massive scalar field. The extra source is classified as normal or exotic through energy conditions. It is found that two solutions agree with the energy bounds and thus have normal matter as their source.
Mathematical modeling of MHD Jeffrey nanofluid in a microchannel incorporated with lubrication effects: a Graetz problem
Authors: Ramesh Katta , Kumar Deepak , Nazeer Mubbashar , Waqfi Dunya , Hussain Farooq 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The current study deals to develop mathematical modeling of nanofluid under the influence of electro-magnetohydrodynamics (EHD) and thermal radiation. Jeffrey fluid model is used to for the Graetz problem through micro-channel with lubrication effects. Electro-osmotic nanofluid flow is modeled with the help of Poisson–Boltzmann and Navier–Stokes equations in the presence of heat sink source. To explore the Brownian motion of nano species and heat transport due to thermophoresis, Buongiorno fluid model is taken into account. The influence of gravitational force is also considered, besides the main contributions of electric and magnetic fields which generate the nanofluid flow. A closed-form solution is obtained for coupled differential equations. The investigation reveals that more heat is added to the system due to Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and heat generation parameters.
New assessment of the fast ion energy in ASDEX upgrade H-mode discharges
Authors: Tardini G. , Weiland M. , Angioni C. , Cavedon M. , Ryter F. , Schneider P.A. , Upgrade Team The ASDEX 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Confinement scaling laws such as IPB98(y, 2) are widely used to extrapolate the performance of present tokamaks to next-step devices such as ITER or DEMO. The thermal energy of the plasma (W
th), which is used to determine the energy confinement time for most scaling laws, is difficult to measure, due to the sizeable uncertainties in the experimental kinetic profiles. The common approach in the tokamak community is to derive W
th as the difference between the measured magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) energy and some simulation-based estimate of the fast ion energy W
fi. In H-mode plasmas W
fi can be as high as W
th, in presence of neutral beam injection (NBI) or ion cyclotron radio frequency heating (ICRF), therefore an accurate assessment of W
fi is crucial to have a somewhat reliable H-factor, regardless of the power-scaling of a given scaling law. In this paper we aim at evaluating the current approach to estimate W
fi, by comparing its predictions with a wide database of calculations using validated NBI codes. Systematic deviations and trends, as well as statistical scatter are discussed. We use a comprehensive database of AUG H-mode deuterium plasmas, with significant variations of plasma current, NBI power and plasma density. We neglect thereby the fast-ion losses caused by MHD modes and the synergy effect between NBI and ICRF. A new approach is proposed based on the newly developed fast NBI code RABBIT.
Robust domain variants and ferroelectric property in epitaxial BiFeO3 films
Authors: Qiao Xiaojun , Geng Wenping , Meng Jianwei , Sun Yao , Bi Kaixi , Yang Yun , Yu Junbin , He Jian , Chou Xiujian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lead-free ferroelectric thin films have great potential for electric devices owing to the dramatically expanding information epoch. Exploring the domain engineering and temperature stability of ferroelectric films are still urgent since these polarization dipoles are sensitive to external effects. In this work, the temperature dependence of domain dynamic and local piezoelectric response were investigated in epitaxial BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films prepared by pulse leaser deposition (PLD) technology, which exhibiting well-defined polarization switchable intrinsic property. Regarding to temperature endurance, domain variants remain quite stable state regarding to both the vertical and lateral direction, which is in consistent with the free-energy minimum competition theory. Besides, the piezoelectric response along vertical and lateral direction exhibit good temperature endurance. This work demonstrates thin films with rather stable ferroelectric states, which show not only exploration on domain dynamic corresponding to temperature influence, but also promising potential application in electrical storage devices especially working under high temperature.
Study on UV-aging performance of fluorinated polymer coating and application on painted muds
Authors: Huang Hongpu , Guo Hong , Feng Yefeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The UV-aging tests were carried out on synthetic fluorinated polymer coating (poly (methyl methacrylate)-poly (dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate), FP) to study its UV-aging mechanism, UV-aging resistance and application on painted muds with calcium carbonate, azurite, haematitum, mineral green and cinnabar pigments. The UV-aging mechanism was studied by Fourier infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflection technique (ATR-FTIR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The UV-aging resistance of FP was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), CR-400 color difference meter and static contact angle (SCA). The FP was applied on the painted muds samples and the protective efficacy was evaluated by measuring the chromatic variations(ΔE) and water contact angles of samples after treatment. The results of ATR-FTIR and XPS shown that FP only had microphase separation without chemical change after 360h of aging. After 360h of aging, the SEM shown that there were just some bumps on the FP film surface and further proved the phenomenon of microphase separation; the color change of the FP film was no difference (ΔE = 0.46); the FP film could retain adequate hydrophobicity (101.0°). After the painted muds samples were treated by FP, the color change of the calcium carbonate and haematitum was just noticeable difference (ΔE = 0.80 ∼ 1.49), while the color change of the azurite, mineral green and cinnabar was fairly large difference (ΔE = 4.4 ∼ 6.3); all pigments could maintain hydrophobicity at the end of aging. All the results demonstrated that the FP has excellent UV-aging resistance and could provide adequate protective efficacy for calcium carbonate and haematitum, but the protection efficacy for the azurite, mineral green and cinnabar is not ideal. Thus, it is believed that the FP can be used as a suitable UV resistant protective coating for calcium carbonate and haematitum.
Quantum versus classical generative modelling in finance
Authors: Coyle Brian , Henderson Maxwell , Chan Jin Le Justin , Kumar Niraj , Paini Marco , Kashefi Elham 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Finding a concrete use case for quantum computers in the near term is still an open question, with machine learning typically touted as one of the first fields which will be impacted by quantum technologies. In this work, we investigate and compare the capabilities of quantum versus classical models for the task of generative modelling in machine learning. We use a real world financial dataset consisting of correlated currency pairs and compare two models in their ability to learn the resulting distribution—a restricted Boltzmann machine, and a quantum circuit Born machine. We provide extensive numerical results indicating that the simulated Born machine always at least matches the performance of the Boltzmann machine in this task, and demonstrates superior performance as the model scales. We perform experiments on both simulated and physical quantum chips using the Rigetti QCSTM platform, and also are able to partially train the largest instance to date of a quantum circuit Born machine on quantum hardware. Finally, by studying the entanglement capacity of the training Born machines, we find that entanglement typically plays a role in the problem instances which demonstrate an advantage over the Boltzmann machine.
Theoretical investigation of the negative ionization of hydrogen particles on metal surfaces with low work function
Authors: Gainullin I K , Dudnikov V G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work addresses the negative ionization of hydrogen particles on low work function metal surfaces, which is an important process for the field of the surface plasma negative ion beams sources. We present the theoretical model for the computer calculation of the negative ionization probability which takes into account the component of atom/ion velocity, parallel to the surface. The calculated negative ionization probability of hydrogen quantitatively fits to the experimental data in the wide range of ion exit energies. The theoretical estimation shows, that for the low work function converter surfaces (φ ∼ 1.5 eV) the negative ionization probability of hydrogen can be enhanced up to 30% if the hydrogen has velocity component parallel to the surface ∼0.05 a.u. (∼60 eV). Therefore, the H- ion production rate can be increased for a negative ion source configuration that implements the oblique exit angle of hydrogen.
Litigating socio-economic and women’s rights in Benin’s constitutional court
Authors: Kang Alice J , Wing Susanna D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Scholars debate the role of legal institutions in promoting human rights in Africa. Much of the discussion focuses on Anglophone countries and does not examine the gender of litigants. We propose a constitutionalism constrained perspective that argues that which and whose rights are adjudicated are shaped by the context of constitutional reform. Where reformists are primarily concerned with safeguarding civil and political rights, high courts may protect civil and political rights claims more often than socio-economic ones. Examining hundreds of human rights decisions issued by Benin’s Constitutional Court, we ask, which and whose rights does the court protect? We find the court is more likely to reject litigants’ claims on technical grounds when the issues involve socio-economic rights than when they concern civil or political rights. When a case is heard, moreover, the court finds violations of civil and political rights more often than socio-economic rights. Further, we find that an overwhelming percentage of litigants are men; women rarely appear as petitioners, although when women’s claims are heard, they are just as likely to succeed. Our findings about socio-economic rights and gender in Benin’s Constitutional Court have broader implications for understanding the limitations of constitutional reform.
The value of ambulatory blood pressure measurement to detect masked diastolic hypotension in older patients treated for hypertension
Authors: Kleipool Emma E F , Rozendaal Eva S , Mahadew Shaya K N , Kramer Mark H H , van den Born Bert-Jan H , Serné Erik H , Peters Mike J L , Muller Majon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
assess how many patients with low ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (DBP) are not identified when relying on office DBP alone, and thus have ‘masked diastolic hypotension’.

Design
cross-sectional, retrospective cohort study.

Setting
academic hospital.

Subjects
848 patients treated for hypertension who received ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).

Methods
cut-off value between on- and off-target systolic blood pressure (SBP): 140 mmHg. Cut-off for low office and/or ambulatory DBP: DBP ≤ 70 mmHg. ‘Masked diastolic hypotension’ was defined as office DBP &gt; 70 mmHg and mean ambulatory DBP ≤ 70 mmHg.

Results
mean age of the sample was 60 ± 13 years, 50% was female, 37% had diabetes, 42% preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD), mean office blood pressure (BP) was 134/79 mmHg. In all patients (n = 848), low office DBP was present in n = 84(10%), while n = 183(22%) had low ambulatory DBP. In all patients with normal-to-high office DBP (n = 764), n = 122(16%) had ‘masked diastolic hypotension’. In this group, ambulatory DBP was 14–19 mmHg lower than office DBP. Patients with low ambulatory DBP were older, had more (cardiovascular) comorbidities, and used more (antihypertensive) drugs. Antihypertensive drugs were lowered or discontinued in 30% of all patients with ‘masked diastolic hypotension’ due to side effects.

Conclusions
‘masked diastolic hypotension’ is common among patients treated for hypertension, particularly in older patients with CVD (e.g. coronary artery disease, diabetes), patient groups in which the European Society of Cardiology/Hypertension guideline advises to prevent low DBP. Although it remains to be examined at which BP levels the harms of low DBP outweigh the benefits of lowering SBP, our observations are aimed to increase awareness among physicians.
Rapid review of decision-making for place of care and death in older people: lessons for COVID-19
Authors: West Emily , Moore Kirsten , Kupeli Nuriye , Sampson Elizabeth L , Nair Pushpa , Aker Narin , Davies Nathan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has affected the functioning and capacity of healthcare systems worldwide. COVID-19 has also disproportionately affected older adults. In the context of COVID-19, decision-making surrounding place of care (PoC) and place of death (PoD) in older adults involves significant new challenges.

Aims
To explore key factors that influence PoC and PoD decisions in older adults. A secondary aim was to investigate key factors that influence the process and outcome of these decisions in older adults. To apply findings from current evidence to the context of COVID-19.

Methods
Rapid review of reviews, undertaken using WHO guidance for rapid reviews for the production of actionable evidence. Data extracted was synthesised using narrative synthesis, with thematic analysis and tabulation.

Results
10 papers were included for full data extraction. These papers were published between 2005 and 2020. Papers included discussed actual PoD, as well as preferred. Results were divided into papers that explored the process of decision-making, and those that explored decision-making outcomes.

Conclusions
The process and outcomes of decision-making for older people are affected by many factors—all of which have the potential to influence both patients and caregivers experience of illness and dying. Within the context of COVID-19, such decisions may have to be made rapidly and be reflexive to changing needs of systems and of families and patients.
GuidePro: a multi-source ensemble predictor for prioritizing sgRNAs in CRISPR/Cas9 protein knockouts
Authors: He Wei , Wang Helen , Wei Yanjun , Jiang Zhiyun , Tang Yitao , Chen Yiwen , Xu Han 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Motivation
The efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated protein knockout is determined by three factors: sequence-specific sgRNA activity, frameshift probability and the characteristics of targeted amino acids. A number of computational methods have been developed for predicting sgRNA efficiency from different perspectives. However, an integrative method that combines all three factors for rational sgRNA selection is still lacking.

Results
We developed GuidePro, a two-layer ensemble predictor that enables the integration of multiple factors for the prioritization of sgRNAs in protein knockouts. Tested on independent datasets, GuidePro outperforms existing methods and demonstrates consistent superior performance in predicting phenotypes caused by protein loss-of-function, suggesting its robustness for prioritizing sgRNAs in various applications of CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts.

Availability and implementation
GuidePro is available at https://github.com/MDhewei/GuidePro. A web application for prioritizing sgRNAs that target protein-coding genes in human, monkey and mouse genomes is available at https://bioinformatics.mdanderson.org/apps/GuidePro.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Brainstem and striatal volume changes are detectable in under 1 year and predict motor decline in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
Authors: Koscik Timothy R , Sloat Lauren , van der Plas Ellen , Joers James M , Deelchand Dinesh K , Lenglet Christophe , Öz Gülin , Nopoulos Peggy C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 is a progressive neurodegenerative, movement disorder. With potential therapies on the horizon, it is critical to identify biomarkers that (i) differentiate between unaffected and spinocerebellar ataxia Type 1-affected individuals; (ii) track disease progression; and (iii) are directly related to clinical changes of the patient. Magnetic resonance imaging of volumetric changes in the brain may be a suitable source of biomarkers for spinocerebellar ataxia Type 1. In a previous report on a longitudinal study of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia Type 1, we evaluated the volume and magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures of the cerebellum and pons, showing pontine volume and pontine N-acetylaspartate-to-myo-inositol ratio were sensitive to change over time. As a follow-up, the current study conducts a whole brain exploration of volumetric MRI measures with the aim to identify biomarkers for spinocerebellar ataxia Type 1 progression. We adapted a joint label fusion approach using multiple, automatically generated, morphologically matched atlases to label brain regions including cerebellar sub-regions. We adjusted regional volumes by total intracranial volume allowing for linear and power-law relationships. We then utilized Bonferroni corrected linear mixed effects models to (i) determine group differences in regional brain volume and (ii) identify change within affected patients only. We then evaluated the rate of change within each brain region to identify areas that changed most rapidly. Lastly, we used a penalized, linear mixed effects model to determine the strongest brain predictors of motor outcomes. Decrease in pontine volume and accelerating decrease in putamen volume: (i) reliably differentiated spinocerebellar ataxia Type 1-affected and -unaffected individuals; (ii) were observable in affected individuals without referencing an unaffected comparison group; (iii) were detectable within ∼6–9 months; and (iv) were associated with increased disease burden. In conclusion, volumetric change in the pons and putamen may provide powerful biomarkers to track disease progression in spinocerebellar ataxia Type 1. The methods employed here are readily translatable to current clinical settings, providing a framework for study and usage of volumetric neuroimaging biomarkers for clinical trials.
Infant Exposure to Dolutegravir Through Placental and Breast Milk Transfer: A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of DolPHIN-1
Authors: Dickinson Laura , Walimbwa Stephen , Singh Yashna , Kaboggoza Julian , Kintu Kenneth , Sihlangu Mary , Coombs Julie-Anne , Malaba Thokozile R , Byamugisha Josaphat , Pertinez Henry , Amara Alieu , Gini Joshua , Else Laura , Heiberg Christie , Hodel Eva Maria , Reynolds Helen , Myer Landon , Waitt Catriona , Khoo Saye , Lamorde Mohammed , Orrell Catherine ,   DolPHIN-1 Study Group, Nakijoba Ritah , Kyohairwe Isabella , Magoola Johnson , Ssempija Emmanuel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Rapid reduction in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load is paramount to prevent peripartum transmission in women diagnosed late in pregnancy. We investigated dolutegravir population pharmacokinetics in maternal plasma, umbilical cord, breast milk, and infant plasma samples from DolPHIN-1 participants (NCT02245022) presenting with untreated HIV late in pregnancy (28–36 weeks gestation).

Methods
Pregnant women from Uganda and South Africa were randomized (1:1) to daily dolutegravir (50 mg/d) or efavirenz-based therapy. Dolutegravir pharmacokinetic sampling (0–24 hours) was undertaken 14 days after treatment initiation and within 1–3 weeks after delivery, with matched maternal and cord samples at delivery. Mothers were switched to efavirenz, and maternal and infant plasma and breast milk samples were obtained 24, 48, or 72 hours after the switch. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling was used to describe dolutegravir in all matrices and to evaluate covariates.

Results
A total of 28 women and 22 infants were included. Maternal dolutegravir was described by a 2-compartment model linked to a fetal and breast milk compartment. Cord and breast milk to maternal plasma ratios were 1.279 (1.209–1.281) and 0.033 (0.021–0.050), respectively. Infant dolutegravir was described by breast milk–to–infant and infant elimination rate constants. No covariate effects were observed. The median predicted infant dolutegravir half-life and median time to protein-adjusted 90% inhibitory concentration (0.064 mg/L) for those above this threshold were 37.9 (range, 22.1–63.5) hours and 108.9 (18.6–129.6) hours (4.5 [0.8–5.4] days) (n = 13), respectively.

Conclusions
Breastfeeding contributed relatively little to infant plasma exposure, but a median of 4.5 days of additional prophylaxis to some of the breastfed infants was observed after cessation of maternal dolutegravir (3–15 days postpartum), which waned with time postpartum as transplacental dolutegravir cleared.
Approaches to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension by targeting BMPR2: from cell membrane to nucleus
Authors: Dunmore Benjamin J , Jones Rowena J , Toshner Mark R , Upton Paul D , Morrell Nicholas W 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is estimated to affect between 10 and 50 people per million worldwide. The lack of cure and devastating nature of the disease means that treatment is crucial to arrest rapid clinical worsening. Current therapies are limited by their focus on inhibiting residual vasoconstriction rather than targeting key regulators of the cellular pathology. Potential disease-modifying therapies may come from research directed towards causal pathways involved in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of disease. It is widely acknowledged that targeting reduced expression of the critical bone morphogenetic protein type-2 receptor and its associated signalling pathways is a compelling therapeutic avenue to explore. In this review, we highlight the advances that have been made in understanding this pathway and the therapeutics that are being tested in clinical trials and the clinic to treat PAH.