bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Department Versus Operating Suite Intubation in Operative Trauma Patients: Does Location Matter?
Authors: Dumas R. P. , Jafari D. , Moore S. A. , Ruffolo L. , Holena D. N. , Seamon M. J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundDecreasing the time from patient arrival to definitive surgical care in injured patients requiring an operation improves outcomes. We sought to study the effect of intubation location (emergency department versus operating suite) on time to definitive surgical care. We hypothesized that patients requiring emergency surgical interventions intubated in the emergency department would have shorter times to definitive care when compared to patients intubated in the operating suite.MethodsAll injured patients with a preoperative emergency department dwell time of less than 30 min and undergoing emergency operative procedures with the trauma surgery service at an urban Level I center (2010–2017) were analyzed. Demographics, clinical variables, and outcomes were assessed in relation to emergency department intubation versus operating suite intubation. The primary study endpoint was time to initiation of definitive surgical care, defined as the total elapsed time from emergency department arrival until operating room incision time. To investigate the relationship between clinical variables and time, multivariable regression was performed.ResultsIn total, 241 patients were included. In total, 138 patients were intubated in the emergency department and 103 patients were intubated in the operative suite. There was no difference between patients intubated in the emergency department and those intubated in the operating room with respect to age, gender, injury mechanism, initial heart rate or systolic blood pressure. Emergency department patients were more likely to sustain post‐intubation, traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest (8.0 vs. 0.9%; p = 0.014). No statistical difference in total elapsed time from arrival to definitive surgical care was appreciated between study groups (41 vs. 43 min; p = 0.064). After controlling for clinical variables, emergency department intubation was not associated with time to definitive care (p = 0.386) in the multiple variable regression analysis.ConclusionWhen emergency department and operative suite intubation patients were compared, emergency department intubation did not decrease total elapsed time until definitive surgery but was associated with post‐intubation, traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest.
Bulk rheometry at high frequencies: a review of experimental approaches
Authors: Schroyen Bram , Vlassopoulos Dimitris , Van Puyvelde Peter , Vermant Jan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh-frequency rheology is a form of mechanical spectroscopy which provides access to fast dynamics in soft materials and hence can give valuable information about the local scale microstructure. It is particularly useful for systems where time-temperature superposition cannot be used, when there is a need to extend the frequency range beyond what is possible with conventional rotational devices. This review gives an overview of different approaches to high-frequency bulk rheometry, i.e. mechanical rheometers that can operate at acoustic (20 Hz–20 kHz) or ultrasound (> 20 kHz) frequencies. As with all rheometers, precise control and know-how of the kinematic conditions are of prime importance. The inherent effects of shear wave propagation that occur in oscillatory measurements will hence be addressed first, identifying the gap and surface loading limits. Different high-frequency techniques are then classified based on their mode of operation. They are reviewed critically, contrasting ease of operation with the dynamic frequency range obtained. A comparative overview of the different types of techniques in terms of their operating window aims to provide a practical guide for selecting the right approach for a given problem. The review ends with a more forward looking discussion of selected material classes for which the use of high-frequency rheometry has proven particularly valuable or holds promise for bringing physical insights.
Evaluating risk factors for re-exploration due to postoperative neck hematoma after thyroid surgery: a nested case-control study
Authors: Salem Farhad Allahyar , Bergenfelz A. , Nordenström E. , Dahlberg J. , Hessman O. , Lundgren C. I. , Almquist M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Postoperative bleeding after thyroid surgery remains a potentially lethal complication. Outpatient thyroidectomy is an increasing trend in the high volume centers. There is a need to identify risk factors for postoperative bleeding in order to select proper patients for outpatient thyroidectomy. This study aimed to investigate this issue using a national population-based register.

Material and method
A nested case-control study on patients registered in the Swedish national register for endocrine surgery (SQRTPA) was performed. Patients with postoperative bleeding were matched 1:1 by age and gender to controls. Additional information on cases and controls was obtained from attending surgeons using a questionnaire. Risk factors for postoperative bleeding were evaluated with logistic regression and are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The time of bleeding in relation to surgery was also investigated.

Results
There were 9494 operations, and 174 (1.8%) of them involved postoperative bleeding. In the whole cohort, patients with postoperative bleeding were older, 58 (46–69) vs. 49 (37–62) years, than patients without, p < 0.01. Male patients had a higher risk of bleeding, OR 2.18 (95% CI 1.58–2.99). In the case-control cohort, drain was an independent risk factor for bleeding, OR 1.64 (1.05–2.57). Two-thirds of patients bled within 6 h after surgery. The incidence of bleeding after 24 h was 10%.

Conclusion
High age, male gender, and drain are independent risk factors for bleeding after thyroid surgery. Even with careful patient selection, prolonged observation might be necessary in thyroid surgery.
How Data Protection Regulation Affects Startup Innovation
Authors: Martin Nicholas , Matt Christian , Niebel Crispin , Blind Knut 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile many data-driven businesses have seen rapid growth in recent years, their business development might be highly contingent upon data protection regulation. While it is often claimed that stricter regulation penalizes firms, there is only scarce empirical evidence for this. We therefore study how data protection regulation affects startup innovation, exploring this question during the ongoing introduction of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Our results show that the effects of data protection regulation on startup innovation are complex: it simultaneously stimulates and constrains innovation. We identify six distinct firm responses to the effects of the GDPR; three that stimulate innovation, and three that constrain it. We furthermore identify two key stipulations in the GDPR that account for the most important innovation constraints. Implications and potential policy responses are discussed.
Influence of graft size, histocompatibility,and cryopreservation on reproductive outcome following ovary transplantation in mice
Authors: Kolbe T. , Walter I. , Rülicke T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTransplantation of ovarian tissue is a valuable method to rescue mouse strains with fertility problems and to revitalize archived strains. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of (i) different sizes of transplanted ovary pieces on reproductive outcome, (ii) use of immunodeficient recipients to overcome the limitation of histocompatibility, and (iii) to compare different protocols for cryopreservation of ovarian tissue.MethodsHalves, quarters, and eights of mouse ovaries were transplanted. Half ovaries from B6 donors were transferred into immunodeficient mice. Halves of ovaries were frozen according to four different protocols, thawed and transferred.ResultsPregnancy rate after transplantation of ovarian tissue was high (90–100%) independent of the transplant size. Although, the average litter size was significantly lower for recipients of quarters and eights (4.4 and 4.6 vs. 6.5), the total number of offspring produced per donor ovary was higher compared with recipients of halves. Pregnancy rate of immunodeficient recipients was 40% (mean 4.7 offspring per litter). All four cryopreservation protocols used were able to preserve functionality of the ovarian tissue.ConclusionsTransplantation of ovarian tissue smaller than halves resulted in reduced litter sizes. The distribution of ovarian tissue of one donor female to 4 or 8 recipients will therefore yield in a higher total number of offspring in a certain time period. The use of immunodeficient recipients is an option for non-histocompatible donors. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is generally feasible but the function of frozen-thawed ovary halves after transplantation differs depending on the freezing protocol used.
Movement Imitation Therapy for Preterm Babies (MIT-PB): a Novel Approach to Improve the Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Infants at High-Risk for Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Soloveichick Marina , Marschik Peter B. , Gover Ayala , Molad Michal , Kessel Irena , Einspieler Christa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo improve the neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with high grade intraventricular haemorrhage and cramped-synchronised (CS) general movements (GMs). Four very preterm infants with intraventricular haemorrhage grade III (n = 3) or intraventricular haemorrhage with apparent periventricular haemorrhagic infarction (n = 1) were diagnosed with CS GMs at 33 to 35 weeks postmenstrual age. A few days later MIT-PB [Movement Imitation Therapy for Preterm Babies], an early intervention programme, was commenced: the instant an infant showed CS movements, the therapist intervened by gently guiding the infant’s limbs so as to manoeuvre and smoothen the movements, thereby imitating normal GM sequences as closely as possible (at least for 10 min, 5 times a day, with increasing frequency over a period of 10 to 12 weeks). After a period of consistent CS GMs, the movements improved. At 14 weeks postterm age, the age specific GM pattern, fidgety movements, were normal in three infants, one infant had abnormal fidgety movements. At preschool age, all participants had a normal neurodevelopmental outcome. This report on four cases demonstrates that mimicking normal and variable GM sequences might have a positive cascading effect on neurodevelopment. The results need to be interpreted with caution and replication studies on larger samples are warranted. Nonetheless, this innovative approach may represent a first step into a new intervention strategy.
‘A German Whore and no Money at that’: Insanity and the Moral and Political Economies of German South West Africa
Authors: Fumanti Mattia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile the links between colonial psychiatry and racism figure prominently in histories of the diagnosis, treatment and institutionalisation of the mentally ill in Africa, there is an absence of patient-centred accounts, in the analysis of the efforts of the colonial-era subjects themselves to be pro-active not merely as the mentally ill, by clinical or court definition, but as persons embedded in social relationships with their kin and significant others. Moreover, despite an emerging scholarship, little is known of the experience of European settlers. In this respect there is a need for a more balanced representation, one that shows the ambivalence of colonial psychiatry and its reach into the lives of colonial subjects, Africans and Europeans alike. In this paper I focus on the narratives of a settler in German South West Africa and her efforts to escape diagnosis and institutionalisation. In building on a feminist approach to illness narratives, in particular on the idea of bearing empathic witness, I will explore the ways in which illness narratives can reveal the complex moral and political economies of the colonial world.
Evidence runs contrary to digestive stability predicting protein allergenicity
Authors: Herman Rod A. , Roper Jason M. , Zhang John X. Q. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA dogma has persisted for over two decades that food allergens are more stable to digestion compared with non-allergenic proteins. This belief has become enshrined in regulations designed to assess the allergenic risk of novel food proteins. While the empirical evidence accumulated over the last 20+ years has largely failed to confirm a correlation between digestive stability and the allergenic status of proteins, even those who accept this finding often assert that this shortfall is the result of faulty assay design rather than lack of causality. Here, we outline why digestive stability may not in fact correlate with allergenic potential.
Refractive Two-View Reconstruction for Underwater 3D Vision
Authors: Chadebecq François , Vasconcelos Francisco , Lacher René , Maneas Efthymios , Desjardins Adrien , Ourselin Sébastien , Vercauteren Tom , Stoyanov Danail 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecovering 3D geometry from cameras in underwater applications involves the Refractive Structure-from-Motion problem where the non-linear distortion of light induced by a change of medium density invalidates the single viewpoint assumption. The pinhole-plus-distortion camera projection model suffers from a systematic geometric bias since refractive distortion depends on object distance. This leads to inaccurate camera pose and 3D shape estimation. To account for refraction, it is possible to use the axial camera model or to explicitly consider one or multiple parallel refractive interfaces whose orientations and positions with respect to the camera can be calibrated. Although it has been demonstrated that the refractive camera model is well-suited for underwater imaging, Refractive Structure-from-Motion remains particularly difficult to use in practice when considering the seldom studied case of a camera with a flat refractive interface. Our method applies to the case of underwater imaging systems whose entrance lens is in direct contact with the external medium. By adopting the refractive camera model, we provide a succinct derivation and expression for the refractive fundamental matrix and use this as the basis for a novel two-view reconstruction method for underwater imaging. For validation we use synthetic data to show the numerical properties of our method and we provide results on real data to demonstrate its practical application within laboratory settings and for medical applications in fluid-immersed endoscopy. We demonstrate our approach outperforms classic two-view Structure-from-Motion method relying on the pinhole-plus-distortion camera model.
Life cycle assessment of California processing tomato: an evaluation of the effects of evolving practices and technologies over a 10-year (2005–2015) timeframe
Authors: Winans Kiara , Brodt Sonja , Kendall Alissa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
California is the largest US producer of processing tomatoes, generating 96% of all domestic production and nearly 30% of global supply. Processing tomatoes are mostly processed into diced and paste products. Consumers and actors along their supply chains are increasingly interested in understanding their environmental burdens and identifying opportunities for improvements. This study applies life cycle assessment (LCA) to California diced and paste products over a 10-year timeframe to characterize current impacts and historical trends.

Methods
The LCA considers a scope from cradle-to-processing facility gate and accords with relevant Product Category Rules as published by the International EPD® System. Extensive primary data were collected for tomato cultivation for the years 2005 and 2015, and from processing facilities for 2005, 2010, and 2015 to understand the effects of evolving practices and technologies. We estimate crop and regional specific nitrous oxide and nitrate leaching emissions using a biogeochemical model, and the USES-LCA model is used to determine potential impacts from pesticide application. A suite of impact assessment categories is included based on the CML method (only global warming potential and freshwater consumption values are in the abstract).

Results and discussion
The 2015 results of the study indicate that diced tomatoes are responsible for 0.16 kg CO2e and 71 L of freshwater per kg, and paste is responsible for 0.83 kg CO2e and 328 L of freshwater per kg. The main opportunities for improvement include natural gas use in the greenhouse phase, energy for irrigation pumping and fertilizer type in the cultivation phase, and natural gas and electricity use in the facility processing phase. These hotspots are consistent with studies of processing tomato in other parts of the world. Evaluating trends over time showed that technological improvements in the industry had reduced life cycle impacts; for example, global warming potential decreased by 12% for paste and 26% for diced products between 2005 and 2015.

Conclusions
Trends over time show increasing efficiency at the cultivation and processing facility stages that have led to reductions in all impact categories evaluated. However, additional opportunities exist beyond efficiency improvements. Fertilizer and pesticide choice are potential opportunities for further reducing impacts. Also, the introduction of renewables in each phase of the supply chain (solar-powered irrigation pumps and onsite solar energy generation for facilities) could reduce the overall supply chain GWP100 impacts by 9–10%.
Pancreas Transplantation from Donors after Circulatory Death: an Irrational Reluctance?
Authors: Leemkuil M. , Leuvenink H. G. D. , Pol R. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurpose of ReviewBeta-cell replacement is the best therapeutic option for patients with type 1 diabetes. Because of donor scarcity, more extended criteria donors are used for transplantation. Donation after circulatory death donors (DCD) are not commonly used for pancreas transplantation, because of the supposed higher risk of complications. This review gives an overview on the pathophysiology, risk factors, and outcome in DCD transplantation and discusses different preservation methods.Recent FindingsStudies on outcomes of DCD pancreata show similar results compared with those of donation after brain death (DBD), when accumulation of other risk factors is avoided. Hypothermic machine perfusion is shown to be a safe method to improve graft viability in experimental settings.SummaryDCD should not be the sole reason to decline a pancreas for transplantation. Adequate donor selection and improved preservation techniques can lead to enhanced pancreas utilization and outcome.
Pregnancy History, Hypertension, and Cognitive Impairment in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Miller Kathleen B. , Miller Virginia M. , Barnes Jill N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Risks for developing cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline increase with age. In women, these risks may be influenced by pregnancy history. This review provides an integrated evaluation of associations of pregnancy history with hypertension, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline in postmenopausal women.

Recent Findings
Atrophy in the occipital lobes of the brain was evident in women who had current hypertension and a history of preeclampsia. Deficits in visual memory in women with a history of preeclampsia are consistent with these brain structural changes. The blood velocity response to chemical and sympathoexcitatory stimuli were altered in women with a history of preeclampsia linking impairments in cerebrovascular regulation to the structural and functional changes in the brain.

Summary
Having a history of preeclampsia should require close monitoring of blood pressure and initiation of anti-hypertensive treatment in perimenopausal women. Mechanisms by which preeclampsia affects cerebrovascular structure and function require additional study.
Tectonic control over drainage basin of South Andaman Island: study toward hydro-morphometric analysis
Authors: Ghosh Swati , Paul Ashis Kr. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Scientists and researchers in ancient and modern times have profoundly applied morphometric analysis to evaluate quantitative description of landforms or drainage basins and large regions.
The objective of this study is to enlighten certain features like tectonic control over drainage basin, the hydro-geomorphic characteristics of the drainage system and the geomorphic maturity of terrain of South Andaman Island. After extensive studies, drainage system in this particular island is broadly classified into five major drainage patterns (dendritic, trellis, parallel, radial and centripetal). An attempt has been made here to investigate the in-depth morphometric characteristics of dendritic pattern of a fourth-order watershed. In earlier attempts, researchers have used morphometric analysis to calculate stream ordering, stream length, length ratio and bifurcation ratio as part of linear aspects and drainage density, stream frequency, form factor, circulatory ratio, elongated ratio as part of areal aspects. The present case study has been carried out in remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) environment. Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission data has been used to prepare the digital elevation model and GIS to evaluate all linear, areal and relief aspects of this small drainage basin in South Andaman Island which was never unearthed till date.
Association between biochemical control and comorbidities in patients with acromegaly: an Italian longitudinal retrospective chart review study
Authors: Colao A. , Grasso L. F. S. , Di Cera M. , Thompson-Leduc P. , Cheng W. Y. , Cheung H. C. , Duh M. S. , Neary M. P. , Pedroncelli A. M. , Maamari R. , Pivonello R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeAchieving biochemical control (normalization of insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1] and growth hormone [GH]) is a key goal in acromegaly management. However, IGF-1 and GH fluctuate over time. The true potential impact of time-varying biochemical control status on comorbidities is unclear and relies on multiple, longitudinal IGF-1 and GH measurements. This study assessed the association between time-varying biochemical control status and onset of selected comorbidities in patients with acromegaly.MethodsMedical charts of adults with confirmed acromegaly and ≥ 6 months of follow-up at an Italian endocrinology center were reviewed. Patients were followed from the first diagnosis of acromegaly at the center until loss to follow-up, chart abstraction, or death. Biochemical control status was assessed annually and defined as IGF-1 ≤ the upper limit of normal, or GH ≤ 2.5 µg/L in the few cases where IGF-1 was unavailable. Time-varying Cox models were used to assess the association between biochemical control status and comorbidities.ResultsAmong 150 patients, 47% were female, average age at diagnosis was 43.1, and mean length of follow-up was 10.4 years. Biochemical control was significantly associated with a lower hazard of diabetes (HR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.15; 0.83) and cardiovascular system disorders (HR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.31; 0.93), and a higher hazard of certain types of arthropathy (HR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.04; 2.71); associations for other comorbidities did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionResults further support the importance of achieving biochemical control, as this may reduce the risk of high-burden conditions, including diabetes and cardiovascular system disorders. The association for arthropathy suggests irreversibility of this impairment. Due to limitations, caution is required when interpreting these results.