bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective capturing of phenolic derivative by a binary metal oxide microcubes for its detection
Authors: Rahman Mohammed Muzibur 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDevelopment of highly efficient and potential material for toxic p-nitrophenol is an important design for sensitive detection of hazardous species from ecology and environment. Here it is developed, an efficient as well as selective of p-nitrophenol using binary material by electrochemical performances, including good linearity, lower detection limit, good stability, higher reproducibility and extreme sensitivity. The prepared electrode was fabricated by immobilization of SnO2/CdO microcubes (MCs) with conducting coating binders by using well-known glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The proposed MCs with SnO2/CdO were well-functionalized and prepared by facile hydrothermal technique. The general instrumentation namely, FTIR, UV/vis, FESEM, XPS, TEM, EDS, and powder XRD were employed for the morphological evaluation of the prepared doped MCs, structural, optical and elemental analyses. The large dynamic range (LDR) from 1.0 to 0.01 mM with 0.13 pM detection limit (S/N = 3), limit of quantification (LOQ; 0.43 pM), and an excellent sensitivity of 7.12 µAµM−1cm−2 were exhibited by the fabricated binary material based on SnO2/CdO MCs for selective p-nitrophenol capturing. In shortly, the SnO2/CdO MCs can be employed as an efficient electron mediator with binary materials fabricated GCE for capturing the p-nitrophenol at ultra-trace amounts. Then the binary synthesized material of SnO2/CdO MCs is used as potential and sensitive sensor layer by stable electrochemical approach for sensitive capturing of toxic p-nitrophenol from environmental samples.
Nanoscopic origin of cracks in carbon fibre-reinforced plastic composites
Authors: Kimura Masao , Watanabe Toshiki , Takeichi Yasuo , Niwa Yasuihiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVoids and cracks can fatally degrade structural materials such as metals and ceramics but are tolerated in carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites if monitored to prevent their growth to a critical size. Thus, the use of CFRPs as aeronautical structural materials requires an understanding of microscopic crack formation. However, this crack-formation mechanism remains unclear because experimental difficulties have hindered studies of relevant phenomena that occur before crack formation. Herein, we report high-resolution (~50 nm) and non-destructive three-dimensional observations of crack initiation and propagation under applied stress. This evaluation reveals that voids and cracks do not simply result from local stresses but instead occur largely through two competing nanoscale mechanisms, namely, fibre/plastic interface debonding and in-plastic crack initiation. Therefore, nanoscopic insights into these heterogeneities are essential for controlling crack initiation and determining reasonable safety margins for CFRP composite use.
Comparison of intra subject repeatability of quantitative fluoroscopy and static radiography in the measurement of lumbar intervertebral flexion translation
Authors: Breen Alexander , Claerbout Emilie , Hemming Rebecca , Ayer Ravi , Breen Alan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLow back pain patients are sometimes offered fusion surgery if intervertebral translation, measured from static, end of range radiographs exceeds 3 mm. However, it is essential to know the measurement error of such methods, if selection for back surgery is going to be informed by them. Fifty-five healthy male (34) and female (21) pain free participants aged 21–80 years received quantitative fluoroscopic (QF) imaging both actively during standing and passively in the lateral decubitus position. The following five imaging protocols were extracted from 2 motion examinations, which were repeated 6 weeks apart: 1. Static during upright free bending. 2. Maximum during controlled upright bending, 3. At the end of controlled upright bending, 4. Maximum during controlled recumbent bending, 5. At the end of controlled recumbent bending. Intervertebral flexion translations from L2-S1 were determined for each protocol and their measurement errors (intra subject repeatability) calculated. Estimations using static, free bending radiographic images gave measurement errors of up to 4 mm, which was approximately twice that of the QF protocols. Significantly higher ranges at L4-5 and L5-S1 were obtained from the static protocol compared with the QF protocols. Weight bearing ranges at these levels were also significantly higher in males regardless of the protocol. Clinical decisions based on sagittal translations of less than 4 mm would therefore require QF imaging.
The Relationship Between Tests of Hearing and Vestibular Function and the Duration of Symptoms in Patients With Unilateral Ménière's Disease
Authors: Benson Dennell E. , McPherson James H. , Shepard Neil T. , McCaslin Devin L. 
Published: December 2019

PurposeMénière's disease (MD) is a constellation of otologic symptoms that includes aural fullness, tinnitus, hearing loss, and episodic vertigo. Even though the criteria for diagnosing the disorder was set forth in 1972, the causes are still not well understood. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationships between tests of hearing and vestibular function and length of time patients diagnosed with unilateral MD have experienced symptoms.MethodThe charts of 254 patients with definite unilateral MD from the Mayo Clinic database were retrospectively reviewed. In order to be included, patients must have reported active MD diagnosis within the previous 5 years. Main outcome measures were results for audiometry, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, caloric test findings, video head impulse test, and sinusoidal harmonic acceleration.ResultsResults indicate there is a significant effect of the duration of MD symptoms reported by the patient and findings on some tests of hearing and vestibular function. Specifically, pure-tone average, caloric paresis, and rotational chair phase were all positively correlated with duration of symptoms. Rotational chair gain was found to have an inverse relationship with time. We did not find that video head impulse test gain or certain vestibular evoked myogenic potential measures were significantly correlated with the reported duration of patient symptoms.ConclusionsOur results suggest that, although the duration of symptoms reported by the patient does correlate with a number of vestibular and hearing tests, the relationships are relatively weak. The number of attacks and severity of symptoms should be investigated to determine if they are better predictors of laboratory testing results in the patient with MD.
Naturwissenschaft als Naturpoesie: Eine Stellungnahme Christoph Wilhelm Hufelands (1762–1832) gegen die naturphilosophische Medizin
Authors: Hansen Werner 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAt the turn to the 19th century, medicine in Germany became strongly influenced by the teachings of John Brown, who was a scottish physician. He had advocated a theory which regards and treats disorders as caused by defective or excessive excitation. His teachings were welcomed by natural philosophers like Schelling or Hegel. They modified it and integrated it into their systems of thinking. On the other hand Hufeland, who was one of the foremost physicians at that time, heavily opposed Brunonian System. This becomes evident in a fragmentary text that had been found only recently. In it he criticizes that these teachings were based on pure speculation and not on sound science as executed by Albrecht von Haller. It was meant ironically when he concluded that it thus resembled natural poetry. As viewed from today, evidence based medicine eventually established our modern ways for successfully diagnosing and treating disease. However, Hufelands disapproval appears to be still relevant. There are many people that even now advocate alternative ways and who consult quacks, healers etc.
„Die Medizin ist eine soziale Wissenschaft“ – zum 200. Geburtstag von Salomon Neumann
Authors: Kuntz Benjamin , Regneri Günter , Berghöfer Anne , Schmiedebach Heinz-Peter , Beddies Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSalomon Neumann (1819–1908) is one of the outstanding representatives of 19th century social medicine. As a medical reformer, statistician and city councilor, he made a significant contribution to improving social and hygienic conditions in Berlin. His most famous work was published in 1847 under the title “Die oeffentliche Gesundheitspflege und das Eigenthum” [Public Health and Property]. From 1859 to 1905, Neumann was active in the Berlin City Council for the improvement of the living conditions of the population. He was involved in the construction of municipal hospitals, supported the modernisation of sewage disposal, organised the Berlin censuses of 1861 and 1864 and was active in the field of health and social statistics. Not only was Neumann exposed to anti-Semitic reprisals during his lifetime, a foundation he founded to promote the science of Judaism was dissolved by the National Socialists in 1940. On the occasion of his 200th birthday, this article commemorates the life and work of the democratically minded and socially committed doctor and health politician. Salomon Neumann has rendered great services to social medicine in Germany.
Balthasar Neumann und seine Krankheit
Authors: Sauerbruch Tilman , Satzinger Georg 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOn August 26 in 1753, Balthasar Neumann’s wife wrote a letter to the Abbot of Neresheim describing her husband’s disease one week after his death. This article outlines Neumann’s medical history and builds connections towards the understanding of diseases in these times. As an example – and probably Neumann’s ailment – the gastric cerarcinoma is discussed with special attention in this report.
Gut gegen Weihnachtsstimmung – Kulturwissenschaftliche Lesarten eines Festes
Authors: Ahner Helen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChristmas is a celebration with a strong social radiance. It is a vehicle for political positions and debates and thus shows itself to be a controversial cosmos of significance. A cosmos with history that is not as old as is often claimed – the origin of the festival as we know it today lies in the 19th century. Since then, Christmas has developed into a global festival in which many different people take part. But Christmas is not only unifying, it is also exclusive and creates cultural differences. The aim of the text is to look at the festival in its historical genesis and to critically illuminate Christmas as an ambivalent social phenomenon.
Eine explorative Studie zu den schulischen Verlaufswegen nach einem
mittelschweren bis schweren Schädel-Hirn-Trauma
Authors: Hennig Birgit , Gebhard Britta , Hinrichs Richard , Reutlinger Constanze 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Empirische Daten zu schulischen Verlaufswegen nach einem
Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) sind rar und veraltet. Es ist wenig
über den Erfolg der Umsetzung initialer Empfehlungen und die weitere
Schullaufbahn nach einem SHT bekannt. In dieser Studie werden
Schulverlaufsbahnen nach einem mittelschweren bis schweren SHT untersucht.
Insbesondere soll, ausgehend von den Schulempfehlungen zum Ende der
stationären Rehabilitation, die Linearität oder
Nichtlinearität von Verläufen und der langfristige Erfolg im
Bildungssystem nachvollzogen werden.
Methodik Die Stichprobe umfasst 49 Schüler. Es wurden klinische
Daten aus einer Rehabilitationsklinik sowie die in den Akten enthaltenen
Schulempfehlungen zum Ende der stationären Rehabilitation analysiert.
Zudem wurden Standardisierte Fragebögen zur Evaluation 2–9 Jahre
nach schulischer Wiedereingliederung ausgewertet. Die Auswertung wurde mittels
deskriptiver Statistik mittels Stata 15.1 vorgenommen.
Ergebnisse 59,2% der Befragten kehrten unmittelbar nach
Entlassung zurück in ihre alte Klasse. 24,5% wechselten initial
die Bildungseinrichtung. Bei mehr als 50% der Betroffenen ergab sich
durch Wechsel und Brüche in Folge des SHT eine Nichtlinearität
in der Schullaufbahn.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf
Diskontinuitäten im Schulverlauf diskutiert. Die Studie
bestätigt ein hohes Ausmaß von Brüchen und
Nichtlinearität im Schulverlauf nach einem mittelschweren bis schweren
SHT. Empfehlungen der Rehaklinik erscheinen hilfreich, sie sind aber kein Garant
für eine hindernisfreie Rückschulung. Eine professionelle
Begleitung im Prozess der schulischen Re-Habilitation wird empfohlen. Die Studie
belegt den Bedarf einer professionellen, standardisierten, systemisch
orientierten und individualisierten Nachsorge im jeweiligen Schulkontext.
Weitere empirische Studien zum schulischen Reintegrationsprozess nach einem SHT
werden benötigt, um unter anderem die Faktoren zu identifizieren, welche
das Risiko von Brüchen im Schulverlauf erhöhen, die Passung im
Schulverlauf verhindern oder zu einer gelungenen Passung im Schulverlauf
beitragen. Ergänzend wäre es sinnvoll, Zusammenhänge
zwischen Versicherungsträger, Umfang und Art der Unterstützung
nach der stationären Rehabilitation sowie Schulverlauf zu
analysieren.
Therapie der Extremitätenarterienaneurysmen – Dual Supera bei Popliteaaneurysma: Sofort- und Langzeitergebnisse
Authors: Tessarek Jörg 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungPopliteaaneurysmen zeigen die höchste Inzidenz peripherer Aneurysmen. Hierbei steht klinisch nicht die Ruptur, sondern die chronische Embolisation mit Ausbildung einer irreversiblen Ischämie und der damit assoziierten Amputation und Mortalität im Vordergrund. Mittlerweile ist die endovaskuläre Therapie als Alternative zum offen chirurgischen Vorgehen basierend auf verlässlichen Daten etabliert. Das im zerebralen Segment seit Langem angewandte, aber für die Gefäßperipherie wenig beachtete Prinzip der flussmodulierenden Stentsysteme zeigt auch im femoropoplitealen Gefäßsegment vielversprechende Ergebnisse und stellt den Grundsatz der kompletten endovaskulären Ausschaltung durch gecoverte Stents oder die Bypassumgehung des Aneurysmas infrage. Seit 2011 wurden 34 von 142 elektiven und 8 thrombosierte Popliteaaneurysmen mit einem für den Einsatz im arteriellen System zugelassenen gewobenen Nitinol-Stent versorgt und nachbeobachtet. In der hier beschriebenen monozentrischen
Serie mit mittel- bis langfristiger Nachbeobachtung zeigte sich das Verfahren hinsichtlich der Aneurysmaausschaltung, der Offenheitsrate, der Materialermüdung und des Erhalts der Ausstrombahn mit der Option der Konversion mit den gängigen Methoden vergleichbar. Die Limitierung der Methode ist durch die maximalen Stentdurchmesser von 7,5 mm bedingt.
Vestibular Disorders: Pearls and Pitfalls
Authors: Choi Woo Young , Gold Daniel R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDizziness and vertigo are symptoms that commonly lead patients to seek neurologic or emergency care. Because symptoms are often vague and imprecise, a systematic approach is essential. By categorizing vestibular disorders based on the timing, triggers, and duration of symptoms, as well as emphasizing focused ocular motor and vestibular examinations, the majority of vestibular diagnoses can be made at the bedside. This paper will discuss the pearls and pitfalls in the history and examination of the most common acute, episodic, and chronic vestibular disorders.
Emerging Treatments for Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy and Other Genetic Causes of Visual Loss
Authors: Bakaeva Tatiana , Mallery Robert , Prasad Sashank 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLeber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and other genetic causes of visual loss are important clinical entities that can cause profound visual loss. To date, therapeutic options have been quite limited, but insights into the genetic basis of these diseases and advances in the ability to deliver effective and safe gene therapy have opened the door for new therapeutics that may revolutionize the approach to treating these conditions. This article reviews emerging gene therapies of LHON and other inherited ophthalmological diseases, addressing the technical, clinical, and ethical challenges that researchers and clinicians will encounter as new treatments become available for these conditions.
Análisis y Plan Quirúrgico de Deformidades en Tobillo y Retropié del Adulto
Authors: López Morales Mario , Wagner Hitschfeld Pablo 
Published: December 2019

ResumenLa corrección de deformidades en extremidades inferiores del adulto sigue siendo un capítulo desafiante en ortopedia y traumatología. El conocimiento del alineamiento normal de las extremidades inferiores y su comportamiento son fundamentales para una adecuada planificación quirúrgica y éxito del tratamiento, especialmente en tobillo y retropié. El objetivo de esta revisión, es conocer los principios fundamentales de la corrección de deformidades, orientar en que factores fijarse al momento de corregir y poder dar una guía de cómo planificar la cirugía, particularmente en deformidades de tobillo y retropié.
Nivel de evidencia: Nivel V.
Intra-Arterial Embolization as a Treatment Option in a Case of GAVE Syndrome
Authors: Singhal Soumil , Uthappa Mangerira C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) syndrome is a rare condition affecting the stomach. It is associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The exact pathogenesis of the condition is poorly understood. Watermelon stomach is synonymous with GAVE syndrome due to its endoscopic appearance. Here we report a unique experience of performing an intra-arterial embolization in a case of GAVE presenting with uncontrolled bleeding.
Optimizing Brownian escape rates by potential shaping
Authors: Chupeau Marie , Gladrow Jannes , Chepelianskii Alexei , Keyser Ulrich F. , Trizac Emmanuel 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Diffusion is of fundamental relevance in physics, chemistry, and biology, to explain the transport of macromolecules in a solvent, under the action of external forces. Diffusion is fueled by temperature, resulting in thermal fluctuations. Macromolecules trapped in a potential energy well can then escape, harnessing favorable fluctuations. Such events are a priori rare nevertheless, and the so-called Arrhenius relation describes the corresponding exponential decrease of escape rates with increasing barrier heights. It therefore comes as a surprise that some potential wells, with high barriers, may help the macromolecule escape. We report experimental proof of this counterintuitive boosting effect. Optimizing theoretically the potential profile that provides maximum boost, we translate our predictions into results in automated microfluidic experiments.
Fluorescein isothiocyanate and blue light irradiation alter cell-adhesiveness of cross-linked albumin films for cell patterning
Authors: Tachibana Akira , Iida Atsuko , Tanabe Toshizumi 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Cross-linked albumin films, which are non-cell adhesive, were altered to be cell-adhesive by the combination of varied concentrations of fluorescein isothiocyanate and blue light irradiation. In this system, cell patterning was developed with two different cell lines by sequential seeding.
Abbreviations: BSA: bovine serum albumin; EGDE: ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether; PBS: Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline
Study on Arrangement of Waterlogging Control Storage Tank in City Village
Authors: Qiankun Wei , Hua Wang , Pengfei Huang , Wei Xu , Jinyang Liu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In recent years, the problem of waterlogging in Chinese cities has become increasingly serious, and it is extremely urgent to solve the problem of waterlogging. Urban rainwater storage plays an important role in the prevention and control of waterlogging disasters. The control effect of the internal control of the storage tank is closely related to its layout position. On the basis of comprehensive consideration of the hydrological mechanism for reducing rainwater floods and the requirements for urban flood control, the Huangbian City Village of Panyu District, Guangzhou City was taken as an example to construct a one-dimensional, two-dimensional, pipe network coupled hydrological hydrodynamic model to study urban locusts and the optimal arrangement of the storage tank. The results show that compared with the centralized storage tank is arranged at the lower section of the pipe network bottleneck section and waterlogging point, arranging the storage tank in the upper section of the bottle neck section and the upstream of waterlogging point can not only significantly reduce the drainage pressure of the pipe network, reduce the flood area of waterlogging, but also reduce the storage capacity of a single storage tank and improve the feasibility of engineering construction. The arrangement method can effectively realize the storage function of the storage tank.
Contract Realization of Risk Allocation Plan for PPP Municipal Infrastructure Projects in China: A Case Study
Authors: Qin Yuge , Ding Xin , Chen Chuan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
As is well-known, risk allocation played a key role in the process of risk management of PPP municipal infrastructure projects. In China, thousands of PPP projects are initiated by all levels of local governments. However, it is not known whether the risk allocation plan came true in contract. How to identify risk factors, methods of risk allocation and risk response measures were payed attention by current researchers in PPP risk area. But there were few students focusing the question about contract realization of risk allocation plan, especially in Chinese municipal infrastructure projects. Based on case study method, this paper proposed that most of the risks which allocated in execute plan are actually implemented in the contract, but not all. This research can militate positive impacts for the risk allocation and contract signing process, so as to enhance the effect of risk allocation and improve the value for money of Chinese PPP municipal infrastructure projects.
Research on Utilization Risk of Reservoir Flood Resource
Authors: Ren Liang , Xu Wensheng , Huang Jinquan , Xie Hao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Flood resource utilization risk is a kind of speculative risk with hazard but higher rate of return. It includes flood control operation risk, structural risk and ecological environment risk. The research should contain efficiency and associated risk assessment from multiple perspectives. Appropriate risk management decision-making model and evaluation system should be established. In the paper, it takes the flood resources utilization of the referred reservoir as an example. Firstly, the paper has a comprehensive evaluation using a combination of multi-factor risk assessment methods under assumptions. Secondly, the paper calculates and analyses the degree of risk of dynamic control flood water level.
Analysis of Spatial-temporal Distribution Characteristics of Precipitation in Shandong Province from 1961 to 2017
Authors: Mengmeng Ma , Baoxiang Zhang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
According to the precipitation data of Shandong Province, the trend of precipitation change in Shandong Province was firstly analyzed through the climate trend rate, and then the abrupt change point of precipitation was detected by the Mann-Kendall test, sliding t test and other methods, and the periodic features were extracted by wavelet analysis. The spatial characteristics of precipitation are analyzed by kriging interpolation method in ArcGIS. The results showed that the interannual precipitation in Shandong Province decreased in summer and autumn, and increased slightly in spring and winter. Through multiple methods, we have identified the interannual, seasonal abrupt points. Then, we found the first, second and third periods of interannual precipitation. In terms of space, the annual precipitation gradually decreases from the southeast coast to the northwest inland; the annual precipitation in each region of Shandong Province is basically reduced to a different extent, and the southeast coastal region has a larger reduction than the northwest inland region.