bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The combination of anaerobic-aerobic and coagulation-flocculation method using tamarind seed as natural coagulant for tofu wastewater treatment
Authors: Ramadhani L I , Rahmaningsih Y D , Amanda N R , Budiastuti H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The high demanding for tofu as a food containing high protein’s source in Indonesia is followed by the increasing number of the waste produced in this industry, both for solid and liquid waste. The high amount of organic material measured as COD (9,880 mg/L) of this wastewater makes it potential to be treated biologically. To enhance the process efficiency and the better quality of effluent, biological process was combined with coagulation and flocculation process as the finishing processes in this study. The research’s purposes were firstly to evaluate the more effective method between two biological process that were the aerobic process (method 1) and the combination of anaerobic-aerobic process (method 2) and secondly to determine the best dose of tamarind seed as the natural coagulant. Doses variant used were 1,000 ppm, 2,000 ppm, 3,000 ppm, and 4,000 ppm. The result showed that method 1 has the slightly better performance of COD removal compared to the second method, which was about 89.744%. At the coagulation and flocculation process, 2,000 ppm of tamarind seed as natural coagulant gave the best result on decreasing turbidity level of method 1 (63.745%) while the highest dose (4,000) was needed to reduce turbidity level of method 2 effluent as much 26.41%.
Sub critical water-methanol condition of rice bran oil for biodiesel production
Authors: Prihandini G , Elizabeth L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Biodiesel produced in conventional way by using catalyst make environment harmful. Subcritical water is a new method, green technology which can be employed to convert rice bran with water and methanol to fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) or biodiesel with adding CO2 and N2 gas as co-solvent. The aim of this study to investigates the influence of operation condition of biodiesel production from rice bran oil. Some solvents concentrated, range of temperature, pressurized gas and reaction time were applied in this research. Rice bran, water, and ethanol were put into subcritical water reactor in a certain ratio at 40bar to carried out the reaction under subcritical condition. The best condition 30/10 methanol-water (v/v), t = 7 h, T = 200 °C, CO2 as co-solvent was highest yield oil obtained 18% with oleic acid methyl ester as the major identified biodiesel.
The potential of liquid fuel production from lignite using bio-solubilization method in Indonesia
Authors: Gantina T M , Iriani P , Kurniasetiawati A S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Indonesian coal reserves amounted to 20.98 billion tons, which was dominated by lignite of 59%. Its abundance, various usage, and relatively cheaper price is some of the many profitable traits for it to be used as an energy source for many industries especially in Indonesia. However, most of the type of low-quality lignite (96.4%) may result in a serious case of air pollution. For this reason, direct combustion is not an ideal process to extract energy from coal for environmental protection. This study aims to research the potential of lignite conversion into liquid fuel which considerably has less emission. A process called bio-solubilization utilizes the role of microorganisms to convert solid coal into liquid fuel/chemical compounds while still producing environmentally friendly by products. Furthermore, lignite contains simple aromatic compounds which is a favourable condition to optimize the process. Through several study review, it seems that there are still many microorganisms’ behaviours which need to be investigated further to ensure a steady process of solubilization, regardless the great potential of bio-solubilization. However, there is a hope of liquid coal production yield optimization, one of which is by pretreatment process which helps in increasing the susceptibility of brown coal to microbial solubilization.
Biodiesel from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) and its nature of oxidative stability
Authors: Budiastuti H , Shabrina N , Rohmah U , Widarti S , Gantina T M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is relatively cheap and its utilization does not compete with food needs. The availability of PFAD in Indonesia is considered sufficient as a supply of raw material for making biodiesel. This study aims to make biodiesel from PFAD in accordance with SNI 7182-2015 and to determine the best concentration of antioxidant additions. The research stage begins from making biodiesel through esterification reaction at 60 °C for 1 hour and continues with determination of each biodiesel Induction Period (IP) using a modified Rancimat device. PFAD used consisted of 99.85% mole total free fatty acids, consisting of 88.35% mole of saturated fatty acids and 11.5% mole of unsaturated fatty acids. Based on the research results, biodiesel produced meets SNI 7182-2015 from parameters of density, viscosity, alkyl ester content, and oxidative stability but does not fulfil the requirement of water content and value of acid numbers. The average IP in pure biodiesel has reached the minimum standard of 6 hours, which is 6.15 hours. Additions of six antioxidant Z concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 ppm) resulted in 0.1 ppm as the best antioxidant concentration in increasing IP to become 11.05 hours.
Analysis of vegetable waste degradation effectiveness for biogas feed in single batch reactor
Authors: Wachjoe C K , Gantina T M , Kurniasetiawati A S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
An anaerobic ecosystem requires organic compounds and nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus to produce biogas. The biogas production, in general, needs the C/N ratio of 25–30 for the proper development of a biological process. To reach the optimal C/N ratio, the importance of the balance between the nutrients in the anaerobic digestion process was assessed at laboratory scale. The first method stage used in this study is the utilization of EM-4 microbial starter and 3% of NaOH in the pretreatment process of vegetable waste feed which aim to increase the C/N ratio meanwhile maintain the protein content itself. The second stage is the addition of GP-7 microbial starter and cow dung waste mixture during the methanogens process which shows satisfying results. Regardless the retention time which takes less than two times longer than the process without vegetables waste, the methane gas amount produced in this study (47%) is comparable to the one produced from cow dung waste only (50%). In spite of that methane production still tends to increase after 45 days of processing time.
Disability-friendly public space performance
Authors: Syaodih E , Aprilesti L P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sustainable development goals no. 11 mentioned the need for reduced inequalities in disability. However, this equality in urban public spaces is not yet optimal. Public space is not yet sufficient in providing facilities for persons with disabilities. The purpose of this research is to measure the performance of public spaces based on perceptions of persons with disabilities. The approach method uses Importance performance analysis (IPA). IPA is considered a useful tool in examining customer satisfaction. Based on the results of surveys and IPA calculations, the performance of public spaces according to disabilities is generally not in accordance with their expectations. The performance components of public space ranged from 41.28% to 95% of the expectations of people with disabilities. Based on these results, better efforts from the city government and the community are needed to develop more disability-friendly public spaces.
Road infrastructure asset management strategy and its impact on the environment
Authors: Priyatiningsih K , Sutrisno M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The development of the economic sector is determined by services to the public through reforms that aim to place public satisfaction through the management of road infrastructure assets. Some research on road infrastructure assets still requires a deepening of studies related to the delivery of public services related to asset management systems. The purpose of this study is to find an appropriate road infrastructure asset management strategy through an integrated asset management system and asset management policies that can provide public satisfaction. This comprehensive approach to management strategies ensures that the performance of service provider assets is in line with the expectations of stakeholders including road users. This descriptive qualitative research is based on the perspective of road users as respondents, consisting of vehicle drivers from 50 transportation companies (people or goods) through interviews and observations. The results show aspects of asset performance based on the user’s perspective there are five aspects, namely productivity, efficiency, effectiveness, use of resources and institutions and this performance is integrated in the asset management system related to policies from the management authority through service delivery namely quality and mobility, risk and use and maintenance of resources. The conclusion of this research is that road infrastructure asset services can be improved through the concept of road infrastructure asset management strategies in an integrated management system with five aspects of performance and more directed towards asset management policies related to the provision of road infrastructure asset services.
Design of Ciodeng suspension bridge, Indonesia, for pedestrian
Authors: Ramdhani A L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Suspension bridge is a type of bridge which have the deck hung below the suspension cables on vertical suspenders. The bridge is commonly used for long spans. One of the longest suspension bridge is Akashi-Kaikyo in Japan. Cost effective, suitable for long span bridge, have more flexibility and less complicated construction are the advantage of suspension bridges. Therefore suspension bridges are not only designed for vehicles but also for pedestrians. Suspension bridges for pedestrian are usually located in rural areas due to obstacles such as rivers, valleys or plantations. This paper presents a design of suspension bridge for pedestrian. The design refers to “Manual for Design and Build of Suspension Bridge for Pedestrian”. The suspension bridge is modeled using MIDAS Civil 2019. The output of the software is the internal forces consisting of moments, shear and normal forces used to design section properties and connection models. Based on the analysis and design process, obtained the dimensions of the bridge element; IWF.250.125.9.6 for the main girder, 150.100.9.6 for the cross girder, C.50.45.5.7 for the secondary girder, 250.250.14.14 for the pylon, L.50.50.5 for the bottom bracing, 60 mm for the main cable diameter, 20 mm for the hanging rod diameter, and 20 mm for the wind cable ties diameter.
Development of green building maintenance information system for electrical components based on ministerial regulation
Authors: Indriani I , Latief Y , Machfudiyanto R A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Green building maintenance is a series of structured, complicated and complex work. Maintenance of building components can support the achievement of building reliability requirements, which are safety, comfort, health and convenience. If this maintenance work is not done properly, it will cause problems and damages, such as trip, corrosion, overheated, electrical short circuit to building fires. This research aims to improve the maintenance performance of green building electrical components in order to achieve building reliability requirements by developing an information system. The research methods used are a systematic literature study of major academic and research papers and a case study of information system development in a green building to achieve the aim of this research. The result of this research is a web-based information system consists of guidelines for electrical components maintenance. This guideline informs about damages, damage categories, causes of damages, activities and schedule for each of electrical components maintenance in a green building. The result of this research revealed that green building maintenance guideline in a web-based information system will help to reduce the problems and damages that often occur in electrical components, thereby reducing the harmful impacts that can occur in a green building and its surrounding environment.
Development of maintenance information systems for landscape and housekeeping components for state green buildings based on state building maintenance guidelines
Authors: Kadarwanto H H , Latief Y , Machfudiyanto R A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The problem raised in this study is that the landscape and housekeeping components are damaged so that they do not reach the standard of landscape and housekeeping performance and cannot be used. This has an impact on 4 building interior requirements not being achieved (comfort, safety, health and convenience) and also maintenance operational costs. The problem is caused by the ineffective system of maintaining landscape and housekeeping. The purpose of building maintenance is to make the function, structure, and aesthetics of the building maintained in accordance with the initial conditions. The purpose of this study is to improve maintenance performance landscape and housekeeping components of state’s green building. The research methods used are surveys, literature reviews, and case studies. The result of this study is prove that the maintenance work of green buildings using Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 24/2008-based website can improve maintenance performance landscape and housekeeping components of state’s green building.
Bolt connection performance post fire in steel bridges
Authors: Gunadi R , Moeljono M , Igustiany F , Hasan N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Fire events reduce the strength of the steel structure on the bridge and can cause collapse which results in losses, so it is necessary to consider the effects of fire when planning construction. Considering that the joints affect the performance of steel structures, the results of research on the performance of steel beams need to be augmented by testing the post-fire girder bridge bolt connection performance. Structural tests will be carried out on six specimens of bridge steel beam elements with high quality bolt connections in the center of the beam with sliding type bolt connections. Two control specimen beams were tested with shear loads without combustion. Two specimens with temperature of 700°C and 900°C with different torque bond variables. From the displacement control test using UTM on six specimens, it will be known the performance of each type of connection by evaluating changes in carrying capacity, stiffness, deflection capacity, ductility, and stress-strain capacity due to the influence of temperature acting during the fire process. The results can prove which type of bolt connection is better for use on bridges with fire risk.
Causes of delays in construction project for developing Southeast Asia countries
Authors: Wuala H D , Rarasati A D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Delay in construction industry impact the time and cost of project and mostly being the basis of dispute between stakeholders of the project. To reduce the impact, knowing the causal factors and lesson learned from past projects and studies is essential. Through this study, a literature review on the subject of construction delay factors studied in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam was undertaken to identify top factors and to determine whether there are special causes referring to this region. A comparison was made to a similar study on developed economies in Europe and North America. The result of the study revealed that the most significant factors causing delays in the Southeast Asia developing countries were related to contractor (material shortages, improper/ineffective planning, poor site management and supervision, and equipment shortage and failure), and owner-related causes (financial/payment issue and design change/variation order). The results of the study support the view that contractors handling projects in developing countries are dealing with the shortages problems, inefficiency/incompetence of the contractor, and problems caused by clients.
Effect of marble waste aggregate percentage with fly ash admixture toward compressive strength of pervious concrete
Authors: Raimon A , Istiqomah I , Kudwadi B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Pervious concrete with marble and gravel substitution shows low compressive strength. In another attempt the experiments carried out by adding fly ash as much as 20% of the weight of cement showed an optimal strength. This research aims to increase the compressive strength of pervious concrete by modify coarse aggregate proportions and adding fly ash admixture. Method that used is experimental with 4 variations aggregate size mixture. Type 1 are aggregate variation size of 2 cm, 1,5 cm, and 1 cm, type 2 are aggregate variation size of 2 cm and 1,5 cm, type 3 are aggregate variations size of 2 cm and 1 cm, and type 4 aggregate size 2 cm. Tests are on permeability test and concrete compressive strength test on age 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 28 days. Permeability test results based on type of variations aggregate size respectively are 0,750 cm/sec, 0,737 cm/sec, 0,647 cm/sec, and 0,840 cm/sec. The results of the compressive strength test on all type at 28 days respectively are 8,008 MPa, 9,879 MPa, 11,542 MPa, and 8,357 MPa. Results of research on variations in the mixture, the maximum compressive strength is variations of coarse aggregate size 2 cm and 1 cm.
Enabling electricity access to rural areas in Indonesia: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Indah R N , Rarasati A D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Energy is at the core of important issues such as economy, environment, and world development. A developing country like Indonesia needs energy access in order to increase its prosperity. Indonesia successfully surpassed the electrification ratio target at the end of 2018. However, electrifying the remaining 1.7% will be more difficult and costly. This paper provides a better understanding of the challenges of rural electrification program and opportunities to achieve universal electricity access. In this research, a literature review method was used to collect and review relevant studies regarding rural electrification program. Based on this literature review, the characteristics of rural areas such as low population density, low income and low electricity demand were found to be the main challenges. According to these studies, committed governance, supportive regulations and policies, and well-prepared financing can overcome said barriers.
Analysis of variables that influence formation of waste management institutions in Indonesia
Authors: Akliyah L S , Kurniasari N , Odah O , Burhanudin H , Fachrudin I , Alhamd A , Fachmi A , Wibowo C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
One of the Sustainable Development Goals main objective is clean water and sanitation. It can be implementated by applying the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) concept in waste management. One of the villages in West Bandung Regency which is expected to be able to apply the 3R concept in waste management is Kiangroke Village. The application of this concept that began about 3 months ago by forming a garbage collector. The formation of waste management institutions in that village is expected to be realized in the future. So that, it can provide economic value to the village. For this reason, it is necessary to analyze the variables that affect formation of waste management institution in Kiangroke Village. The objectives of this study are: identification of variables that affect formation of waste management institution and mapping the relationships between variables. The data collection method was carried out through a questionnaire. There were 10 variables concidered in the research based on the Focus Group Discussion. The analysis method is the Micmac analysis. Based on the the analysis, it was found that the most influential and most dependent variables included the role of the village government, the role of the environmental awareness group, availability of facilities and infrastructure, and the budget availability. Based on this, it is necessary to have an institutional waste manager accompanied by the availability of facilities, infrastructure, and budget.
Local wisdom in the spatial system of the palace, Indonesia
Authors: Agustina I H , Ekasari A M , Fardani I , Hindersah H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Kanoman Palace has primordial tradition that remains authentic. This local value is new knowledge that must be preserved and considered as indigenous knowledge. In accordance to the mandate of UNESCO in Habitat III regarding “culture and heritage” in 2015, that being attentive to culture in urban development is very urgent because it has an impact on the attractiveness of the city, but this mandate has not been contained on the spatial planning documents of Cirebon City. As a result, the indigenous knowledge will be lost in time and reduces the attractiveness of the city. The purpose of this research is to describe the substance of authenticity in the local wisdom value of the Palaces in Cirebon, but it emphasizes more on the authenticity of the Kanoman Palace. The approach method used is rationalistic approach, through qualitative descriptive analysis, from the findings of previous research which then identified the parameter of authenticity in Cirebon Palaces. The implication of this study can be considered as input to the government in Cirebon City, particularly the Office of Spatial Planning to include the local wisdom value substance as a legal document in the spatial planning of Cirebon City.
Traffic engineering simulation of campus area transportation using MATLAB SimEvents
Authors: Harahap E , Badruzzaman F H , Permanasari Y , Fajar M Y , Kudus A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Traffic Congestion occurs because of the high number of transportation equipment that is not proportional to the limited capacity of the highway. This condition often occurs in densely populated areas with high levels of community mobilization. This situation generally occurs in the campus environment. The smooth traffic system in the campus environment is one of the parameters of the orderly traffic community, besides the feasibility of facilities and the capacity of the highway around the campus. Traffic jams around the campus generally occur because of various campus activities including crossing the road, parking vehicles, and others. This congestion is also influenced by activities outside the campus such as the entry and exit of vehicles to an agency, the number of public vehicles that pass, and others. In this paper a number of alternative solutions are proposed for solving congestion problems through a traffic engineering simulation and run using the SimEvents MATLAB application. It is hoped that this method can be obtained and evaluated analytically regarding the accuracy, effectiveness and efficiency of the traffic engineering. The traffic engineering simulation was built based on queuing model.