bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ART initiation and predictive factors among men who have sex with men living with HIV after the implementation of new ART strategy in China: an observational cohort study
Authors: Chen Weiyi , Wang Zixin , Fan Xiaoyan , Li Linghua , Xu Huifang , Fan Lirui , Yang Fan , Du Xuan , Yang Tinglong , Hao Chun , Li Jinghua , Hao Yuantao , Gu Jing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundChina started the new antiretroviral therapy (ART) strategy since 2016, after which free ART could be provided for all people living with HIV. We aimed to understand the prevalence of ART initiation among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV and to explore how ART-related perceptions, psycho-social status etc. predict ART initiation under the new strategy.MethodsA cohort study (maximum follow-up period = 578 days) was conducted in Guangzhou, China. A total of 303 ART-naïve MSM were recruited from community. Baseline information collected demographic characteristics, HIV/AIDS-related health status, ART-related perceptions, weighting of pros versus cons and psycho-social status. The outcome was ART initiation. Cox regression models were fitted for data analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of ART initiation was 83.8% of all participants and 92.6% of MSM diagnosed recently (within 30 days). In multivariate Cox regression models, HIV-positive MSM received HIV diagnosis ≤30 days were less likely to initiate ART (HR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.28-0.49). In adjusted analyses, belief that immediate ART initiation would have more benefit for themselves associated with increased ART initiation (HRa = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.06-1.96). In the final model, weighting of pros versus cons and time since diagnosis of HIV infection remained significant.ConclusionThe prevalence of ART initiation was high among MSM living with HIV in Guangzhou. To reach the second 90% target, measures should be focused on MSM previously diagnosed. Interventions showing HIV-positives the benefits of ART were also needed.
Emission-related Heavy Metal Associated with Oxidative Stress in Children: Effect of Antioxidant Intake
Authors: Killian Brittany , YUAN TZU-HSUEN , Tsai Cheng-Hsien , Chiu Tina H. T. , Chen Yi-Hsuan , Chan Chang-Chuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background: Heavy metals, the common pollutants emitted from industrial activities, are believed to cause harmful effects partially through the mechanism of elevated oxidative stress, and the antioxidant intake have been hypothesized to provide a potential protective effect against oxidative stress in human. Therefore, the objective of our study is to investigate the environmental exposure of heavy metals and the associated oxidative damage of young children living near a petrochemical complex and to assess the potential protective effect of dietary antioxidant intake. Methods: There were168 children recruited from the kindergartens near a huge petrochemical complex, with 87 as the high exposure group and 81 as the low exposure group. Urinary concentrations of eleven metals were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and four biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured in urine samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The food frequency questionnaire was collected to assess participants’ intake of antioxidants. Multiple linear regression was performed to determine the significant predictors of metals for oxidative stress and to measure the potential beneficial effect of antioxidants. Weighted quantile sum regression was performed to determine the highest contributors among metals to the oxidative stress biomarkers. Results: Study subjects in high exposure grouphad significantly higher concentrations of chromium, manganese, nickel, arsenic, strontium, cadmium, and lead when compared to those in low exposure group. There was no obviously difference on the total antioxidant intake and dietary profile between the two groups.The elevated levels of two oxidative stress markers were significantly associated with most of the urinary metal concentrations in all study subjects after adjusting confounding factors, while no significant association was found between oxidative stress and antioxidant intake. Among the metals, mercury and strontium showed the dominated contributions for elevated levels of oxidative stress. Conclusion: Higher metal exposure were associated with elevated oxidative stress but with no protective affect by the antioxidant intake among the young children residents near a petrochemical industry.
Lactic acid level as an outcome predictor in pediatric patients with intussusception in the emergency department
Authors: Lee Jeong-Yong , Byun Young-Hoon , Park Jun-Sung , Lee Jong Seung , Ryu Jeong-Min , Choi Seung Jun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIntussusception decreases blood flow to the bowel, and tissue hypoperfusion results in increased lactic acid levels. We aimed to determine whether lactic acid levels are associated with pediatric intussusception outcomes.MethodsThe electronic medical records of our emergency department pediatric patients diagnosed with intussusception, between January 2015 and October 2018, were reviewed. An outcome was considered poor when intussusception recurred within 48 hours of reduction or when surgical reduction was required due to air enema failure.ResultsA total of 249 patients were included in the study, including 39 who experienced intussusception recurrence and 11 who required surgical reductions; hence, 50 patients were included in the poor outcome group. The poor and good outcome groups showed significant differences in their respective blood gas analyses for pH (7.39 vs. 7.41, P = .001), lactic acid (1.70 vs. 1.30 mmol/L, P < .001), and bicarbonate (20.70 vs. 21.80 mmol/L, P = .036). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that pH and lactic acid levels were the two factors significantly associated with poor outcomes. When the lactic acid level cutoff values were ≥1.5, ≥2.0, ≥2.5, and ≥3.0 mmol/L, the positive predictive values for poor outcomes were 30.0%, 34.6%, 50.0%, and 88.9%, respectively.ConclusionLactic acid levels affect outcomes in pediatric patients with intussusception; higher lactic acid levels are associated with higher positive predictive values for poor outcomes.
Abacavir versus Zidovudine-Based Regimens for treatment of HIV-Infected Children in resource limited settings: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mega Teshale Ayele , Usamo Firehiwot Belayneh , Negera Getandale Zeleke 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAbacavir (ABC) and Zidovudine(AZT) based regimens are the preferred first line nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NRTIs) backbones being widely utilized for managing HIV infection in children. However, there is a dearth of data regarding the clinical outcomes and associated risk factors in Ethiopia. We compared the proportion of mortality and the rate of occurrence of Opportunistic Infections (OIs) with ABC versus AZT based regimens in a cohort of HIV-infected children. MethodsA 42 months retrospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 179 records were reviewed by including data from October 2014 to April 2017. Data were collected on socio-demographic, clinical characteristics of patients and drug related variables. Data were analyzed using STATA13.1. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression were used to compare survival experience and identify independent predictors. Propensity score matching analysis was conducted to elucidate the average treatment effects of each regimen over OIs.ResultOf 179 patients, 98 (54.7%) were females. The mean (+SD) age of the study subjects was 6.53 ± 2.83 years. Through 42 months analysis, a total of 4 patients (1 (1.14%) from ABC group and 3 (3.3%) from AZT group (p=0.339)) were died. The incidence of opportunistic infections attributed to ABC group was 8.77/100,000 person years (py) and that of AZT was 6.9/100,000py. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for OIs was (IRR=0.87, 95% CI [0.49-1.53] (p=0.304). Baseline CD4 count (AHR= 0.99, 95% CI [0.98-0.99]), Severe acute malnutrition AHR=15.92, 95% CI [5.34-47.50], and exposure to tuberculosis treatment (AHR=2.93, 95% CI [1.39-6.17]) were the independent predictors for the development of OIs. ConclusionABC and AZT based ART regimens seem to have comparable survival benefit among HIV-infected children in Ethiopia. Therefore, both regimens might be used as an alternative in resource limited settings.
The value of MR-based radiomics in identifying residual disease in patients with carcinoma in situ after cervical conization
Authors: Song Mengfan , Lin Jing , Song Fuzhen , Qian Zhaoxia , Wu Guangyu , Wu Dan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

PurposeTo develop a magnetic resonance (MR)-based radiomics model for identifying residual disease in patients with carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) after cervical conization.Method110 patients who had CIS after conization and finally underwent hysterectomy were collected to comprise a database to establish an imaging model for predicting the residual status after conization. The imaging features were extracted from the cervical areas around the conization margin, and the performance of the imaging model was compared using different feature selection methods and with that of the pathological positive margins using receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) analysis. Then, patients who opted for uterine preservation were included and were classified as high-risk or low-risk patients according to the radiomics model. The disease-free survival was compared between the different risk groups using the Kaplan-Meier curve.ResultsThe model with Boruta features achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.889 and an accuracy of 87.3% in the test cohort and significantly outperformed the model created with the random forest method, which had an AUC of 0.701 (p = 0.039), and the positive margins (p = 0.004). Further validation with patients with uterine preservation showed that the patients classified as high risk with the radiomics model were more likely to have tumor recurrence/residual disease in the follow-up period than low-risk patients(p = 0.024).ConclusionsRadiomics can be used to identify residual disease in patients with CIS after cervical conization and could have the potential to predict recurrence in patients who opt for uterine preservation.
Onset and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for three years after the triple disaster in Northeast Japan
Authors: Kawakami Norito , Fukasawa Maiko , Sakata Kiyomi , Suzuki Ruriko , Tomita Hiroaki , Nemoto Harumi , Yasumura Seiji , Yabe Hirooki , Horikoshi Naoko , Umeda Maki , Suzuki Yuriko , Shimoda Haruki , Tachimori Hisateru , Takeshima Tadashi , Bromet Evelyn J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: People living in temporary housing for long periods after a disaster are at risk of (developing) poor mental health. This study investigated the post-disaster incidence and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for the three years following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake.

Methods: Three years after the disaster, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1,089 adult residents living in temporary housing in Japan (the shelter group) and a random sample of 852 community residents of East Japan (the general population). The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to diagnose DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders. Information on demographic variables and disaster experiences was also collected.

Results: Response rates were 49% and 46%, for the shelter group and general population, respectively. The incidence of mood/anxiety disorder in the shelter group was elevated only in the first year post-disaster compared to that of the general population, although the rate of remission was significantly lower in the shelter group. The proportion seeking medical treatment was higher in the shelter group.

Conclusions: The onset of common mental disorders increased in the first year, but then levelled off in the following years among residents in temporary housing after the disaster. Remission from incident post-disaster mental disorders was slower. Post-disaster mental health service is required to take into account the prolonged remission of mental disorders among survivors with a long-term stay in temporary housing after a disaster.
Determinants of Hypertension Self-management Behaviors: An Application of the Intervention Mapping Approach
Authors: Mirzaei-Alavijeh Mehdi , Jalilian Farzad , Hosseini Seyyed Nasrollah , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeil , Fatahi Mohhamad , Solaimanizadeh Laleh , Mahboubi Mohammad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Hypertension is one of the key risk factors for several diseases; can be followed several complications. The aim of this study was determine the determinants of hypertension self-management behaviors based on intervention mapping approach.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 800 hypertension patients in the in southwestern Iran, during 2018 which was systematic random sampling selected for participation in this study. A structured questionnaire was applied for collecting data and data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 using t-test, the ANOVA, bivariate correlations and linear regression analysis.Results The mean age of respondents was of 58.25 years (SD: 12.10), ranged from 30 to 74 years. These results suggest that the assessed constructs explained 51% of the variance in hypertension self-management behaviors. The best predictors for hypertension self-management behaviors were barriers, outcome expectations and self-efficacy.Conclusion The current study provides support for the use of intervention mapping approach in predicting hypertension self-management behaviors. These findings have implications for the evidence based design of hypertension self-management behaviors promotion interventions.
What are sociodemographic and gender determinants of non-fatal self-harm in older adults users and non-users of antidepressants? A national population-based study
Authors: Hedna Khedidja , Fastbom Johan , Skoog Ingmar , Hensing Gunnel , Waern Margda 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Late-life self-harm (SH) is often linked to depression. However, very few studies have explored the role of other factors and their interaction with depression in the occurrence of late-life SH. The objective of this research was to examine sociodemographic and gender factors associated with non-fatal SH, in older adults with and without antidepressant therapy. Methods We used national longitudinal register data from a total cohort of all Swedish residents aged ≥75 years between 2006-2014 (N=1,413,806). Using personal identity numbers, we linked individuals' data from numerous national registers. We identified all those with at least one episode of non-fatal self-harm (regardless of level of intent to die) and matched 50 controls to each case. A nested case–control design was used to investigate the sociodemographic factors associated with non-fatal SH in the total cohort and among antidepressant users and non-users. Risk factors were analysed in adjusted conditional logistic regression models for the entire cohort and by gender. Results In all, 2242 individuals had at least one episode of a non-fatal SH (980 men and 1262 women). In the total cohort, being married was a protective factor for non-fatal SH in men but not in women. A higher non-fatal SH risk was found in antidepressant users from outside Nordic countries (IRR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.11-1.86), and in non-users of antidepressants from other Nordic countries (IRR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.08-2.29). Antidepressant users with higher education had an increased risk of non-fatal SH (IRR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12-1.61), in both men and women. Conclusions Being married did not mitigate risk of self-harm in older women. Foreign country of birth and higher education were associated with increased risk of non-fatal SH. Healthcare professionals and social workers must be informed about high-risk groups for suicidal behaviour, and ensure they are adequately monitored both in term of antidepressant therapy and access to psychosocial support.
Symptoms in the general Norwegian population - prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Krogstad Hilde , Loge Jon Håvard , Grotmol Kjersti , Kaasa Stein , Kiserud Cecilie Essholt , Salvesen Øyvind , Hjermstad Marianne Jensen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Patients' own perceptions and evaluations of symptoms, functioning and other health-related factors, i.e. Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs), are important elements for providing good patient care. Symptoms are subjective and best elicited by the patient orally or by using PRO measures (PROMs). Reference values on frequently used PROMs facilitate the interpretation of PROMs scores both in clinics and research settings, by comparing patient data with relevant samples from the general population.Objectives Study objectives were to (1) present reference values for the M.D. Anderson Symptom inventory (MDASI) (2) examine the occurrence and intensity of symptoms assessed by the MDASI in a general Norwegian population sample, and (3) examine factors associated with higher symptom burden defined as the sum score of all symptoms, and factors associated with symptoms' interference on functionsMethods In 2015, MDASI was sent by mail to a representative sample of the general Norwegian population (N = 6165). Medical comorbidities were assessed by the Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire. Depression was self-reported on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). Linear multivariable regression analysis was used to examine for factors associated with MDASI sum score and factors associated with symptoms’ interference on functions.Results The response rate was 36%. More females (54%) than males (46%) responded. Mean age was 55 years (SD 14). The most frequent symptoms were fatigue (59.7%), drowsiness (56.2%) and pain (56.1%). Fatigue, pain and disturbed sleep had the highest mean scores. The presence of one or more comorbidities, increasing PHQ-9 score and lower level of education were associated with higher MDASI sum score (p<0.001). The MDASI sum score and the PHQ-9 score were positively associated with all interference items (p<0.001) except for walking (p=0.22).Conclusion This study provides the first Norwegian reference values for the MDASI. The presence of one or more comorbidities, higher level of depressive symptoms and lower level of education were significantly associated with higher MDASI sum score. These covariates must be controlled for when using the reference values.
“Got to build that trust”: Aboriginal Health Workers’ perspectives and experiences of maternal oral health
Authors: Kong Ariana C , Sousa Mariana S , Ramjan Lucie , Dickson Michelle , Goulding Joanne , Gwynne Kylie , Talbot Folau , Jones Nathan , Srini Ravi , George Ajesh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background Aboriginal Health Workers provide a unique insight into understanding the health needs of the Aboriginal peoples in the community on account of their cultural knowledge, experiences and understanding of the health services. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of Aboriginal Health Workers towards oral health care to inform the development of an oral health care program to better meet the oral health needs of Aboriginal pregnant women and new mothers.Methods A participatory action research methodology informed the study. Focus groups were conducted with Aboriginal Health Workers at two antenatal health services in Sydney, Australia.Results A total of 14 people participated in the focus groups. The four themes that emerged from the focus groups provided insight on the importance of trust in the building of empowering relationships with Aboriginal women and highlighted the need for Aboriginal Health Workers to receive additional training to better address the oral health needs of Aboriginal pregnant women and new mothers. However, the Aboriginal Health Workers worked in a system fundamentally driven by the legacy of colonisation and integenerational trauma that has created systemic barriers to access of health services, including dental care. The participants recommended that a priority dental referral pathway, that supported continuity of care, could provide increased accessibility to dental care for Aboriginal pregnant women and new mothers.Conclusions The oral health of Aboriginal pregnant women and new mothers is supported by Aboriginal Health Workers, who outlined both a systems and an individual approach in delivery of existing dental care. The Aboriginal Health Workers provided recommendations to develop a program of dental care that could break down the systemic factors that create barriers to accessing dental care for Aboriginal women.
Effects of stigma, hope and social support on quality of life among Chinese patients diagnosed with oral cancer: A multi-center, cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Ying , Cui Chun-Ying , Wang Yu , Wang Lie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundImprovement of quality of life (QoL) has been one of goals in health care for people living with oral cancer. This study aimed at assessing the QoL and investigate the effects of stigma, hope, social support on QoL among Chinese oral cancer patients. MethodsA multiple center cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University and Stomatology Hospital of China Medical University in Liaoning province, China between May 2016 and October 2017. A total of 230 oral cancer patients were recruited to complete a questionnaire including the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck (FACT-H&N), the Social Impact Scale (SIS), the Herth Hope Index (HHI) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Univariate one-way ANOVA/t-test, Person’s r and hierarchical linear regression analysis were conducted to explore the influence factors of QoL and the relationships between stigma, hope, perceived social support and QoL. ResultsThe mean QoL score was 90.85±20.15 among the patients with oral cancer. Stigma was negatively related to QoL, explaining 39.3% of the variance. In addition, hope and perceived social support were positively associated with QoL, explaining 8.1% of the variance.ConclusionOverall, Chines patients with oral cancer are suffering from a relatively low level of QoL. Stigma was significantly and negatively associated with QoL, while hope and perceived social support were positively associated with QoL. Oral cancer patients’ psychological status should be addressed and adequate intervention based on positive psychological resources should be provided to improve the QoL of patients with oral cancer.