bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor neuron translatome reveals deregulation of SYNGR4 and PLEKHB1 in mutant TDP-43 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis models
Authors: Marques Rita F , Engler Jan B , Küchler Katrin , Jones Ross A , Lingner Thomas , Salinas Gabriela , Gillingwater Thomas H , Friese Manuel A , Duncan Kent E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurological disease with progressive loss of motor neuron (MN) function in the brain and spinal cord. Mutations in TARDBP, encoding the RNA-binding protein TDP-43, are one cause of ALS, and TDP-43 mislocalization in MNs is a key pathological feature of &gt;95% of ALS cases. While numerous studies support altered RNA regulation by TDP-43 as a major cause of disease, specific changes within MNs that trigger disease onset remain unclear. Here, we combined translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) with RNA sequencing to identify molecular changes in spinal MNs of TDP-43–driven ALS at motor symptom onset. By comparing the MN translatome of hTDP-43A315T mice to littermate controls and to mice expressing wild type hTDP-43, we identified hundreds of mRNAs that were selectively up- or downregulated in MNs. We validated the deregulated candidates Tex26, Syngr4, and Plekhb1 mRNAs in an independent TRAP experiment. Moreover, by quantitative immunostaining of spinal cord MNs, we found corresponding protein level changes for SYNGR4 and PLEKHB1. We also observed these changes in spinal MNs of an independent ALS mouse model caused by a different patient mutant allele of TDP-43, suggesting that they are general features of TDP-43-driven ALS. Thus, we identified SYNGR4 and PLEKHB1 to be deregulated in MNs at motor symptom onset in TDP-43-driven ALS models. This spatial and temporal pattern suggests that these proteins could be functionally important for driving the transition to the symptomatic phase of the disease.
Risk factors for positive and negative COVID-19 tests: a cautious and in-depth analysis of UK biobank data
Authors: Chadeau-Hyam Marc , Bodinier Barbara , Elliott Joshua , Whitaker Matthew D , Tzoulaki Ioanna , Vermeulen Roel , Kelly-Irving Michelle , Delpierre Cyrille , Elliott Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe recent COVID-19 outbreak has generated an unprecedented public health crisis, with millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. Using hospital-based or mortality data, several COVID-19 risk factors have been identified, but these may be confounded or biased.MethodsUsing SARS-CoV-2 infection test data (n = 4509 tests; 1325 positive) from Public Health England, linked to the UK Biobank study, we explored the contribution of demographic, social, health risk, medical and environmental factors to COVID-19 risk. We used multivariable and penalized logistic regression models for the risk of (i) being tested, (ii) testing positive/negative in the study population and, adopting a test negative design, (iii) the risk of testing positive within the tested population.ResultsIn the fully adjusted model, variables independently associated with the risk of being tested for COVID-19 with odds ratio &gt;1.05 were: male sex; Black ethnicity; social disadvantage (as measured by education, housing and income); occupation (healthcare worker, retired, unemployed); ever smoker; severely obese; comorbidities; and greater exposure to particulate matter (PM) 2.5 absorbance. Of these, only male sex, non-White ethnicity and lower educational attainment, and none of the comorbidities or health risk factors, were associated with testing positive among tested individuals.ConclusionsWe adopted a careful and exhaustive approach within a large population-based cohort, which enabled us to triangulate evidence linking male sex, lower educational attainment and non-White ethnicity with the risk of COVID-19. The elucidation of the joint and independent effects of these factors is a high-priority area for further research to inform on the natural history of COVID-19.
Imagined Insecurities in Imagined Communities: Manufacturing the Ethnoreligious Others as Security Threats
Authors: Magcamit Michael Intal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHow does a once familiar and benign ethnoreligious community become a stranger and a threat? This article examines the underlying causal mechanisms driving rival ethnoreligious factions within pluralistic polities to frame each other as threats to their relative security, power, and status. Drawing on complementary theories from critical security, religious, and nationalism studies, I develop a framework that captures and explains the processes and dynamics through which threatening conceptions and narratives about the ethnoreligious others are constructed, socialized, and legitimized over time. To theoretically probe and empirically demonstrate the utility of this framework, I examine how the collective imagined insecurities among Muslim and Christian communities in Indonesia have crystallized into tangible security threats using the interpretive process tracing method. Evidences produced from my theoretical and empirical analyses using the novel qualitative data I gathered from my field research reveal that this chauvinistic, zero-sum phenomenon proceeds via a three-phase othering causal mechanism comprised of cultivation of hostile emotive effects of ethnoreligious nationalism, securitization of othered ethnoreligious groups using hostile symbolic predispositions, and sacralization of hostile perceptions of indivisible ethnoreligious identities and homelands.
Evaluation of physical euthanasia for neonatal piglets on-farm
Authors: Dalla Costa Filipe Antonio , Gibson Troy J , Oliveira Steffan Edward Octávio , Gregory Neville George , Coldebella Arlei , Faucitano Luigi , Ludtke Charli Beatriz , Buss Liziè Peréirã , Dalla Costa Osmar Antonio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Twenty-seven neonate piglets (range from 0.35 to 1.17 kg) were evaluated for the effectiveness of blunt force trauma as a method of on-farm cull. Brainstem function, brain injury, and hemorrhage scores (increasing from 0 to 3) were assessed after striking the head against a concrete floor. Electroencephalograms (EEG) from a subset of 15 piglets were recorded before and after blunt force trauma for electrophysiological assessments. Blunt force trauma was performed by a single experienced farmer in a commercial farm by holding the piglet by its both hind legs and striking the head against the concrete floor. All piglets remained recumbent and did not show brainstem reflexes. Only one piglet did not presented tonic/clonic physical activity. The mean time to the onset of persistent isoelectric EEG was 64.3 ± 7.3 s (range 18 to 115). Total power, theta, alpha, and beta power decreased to approximately 45%, 30%, 20%, and 15% from pretreatment power, respectively, by 15-s post-impact. There were no periods of normal-like EEG after the culling. Bruises in the neck and shoulder were found in 67% and 70% of piglets, respectively. All piglets presented skull fractures with 20% having the nasal bone(s) fractured. Brain damage was found in all piglets, mainly in the frontal lobe(s). The occipital lobe(s) presented the greatest frequency of severe damage. The analysis of the radiographs also found a high frequency of fractures in this region. Hemorrhage was most frequent in the frontal, parietal, occipital lobes, and midbrain. When performed correctly with the appropriate weight class, blunt force trauma can be used as an effective method for the on-farm killing of nursing piglets resulting in death. However, this method should not be promoted over more reliable and repeatable cull methods such as captive bolt gun. As with blunt force trauma, there is a significant potential for animal welfare harm associated with inappropriate practice, lack of accuracy, issues with repeatability, and operator fatigue.
Reproductive Traits of Ontsira mellipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a North American Parasitoid, as a Novel Biological Control Agent for Exotic Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Wang Xingeng , Aparicio Ellen M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ontsira mellipes Ashmead is a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of woodboring cerambycids that is native to North America but can readily attack the exotic Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky). To evaluate the potential of the parasitoid as a novel association control agent for the pest beetle, this study investigated some key reproductive traits of the parasitoid, including egg maturation dynamics, and host size preference and suitability in association with the beetle. Results showed that female wasps emerged with a substantial portion (38%) of their lifetime complement of mature eggs and matured eggs rapidly, reaching a peak 4–6 d post-eclosion. The number of mature eggs was positively related to the female wasp’s body size. Oviposition prompted production of more mature eggs by young female wasps. The parasitoid did not show a significant preference for large over small hosts in a choice test. Host size did not affect the parasitoid’s offspring survival, developmental time, or sex ratio. However, clutch size increased with increasing host size. Female wasps that developed from large hosts had larger body size and consequently a higher mature egg load than those reared from small hosts. Neither longevity nor the total number of parasitized hosts over a female’s lifetime was affected by the female’s size, but the total number of offspring produced per female increased with the female’s size. These results have important implications for improving rearing and field-release strategies as well as understanding the ecological mechanisms underlying host size selection in gregarious parasitoids.
Delivery Methods for RNAi in Mosquito Larvae
Authors: Munawar Kashif , Alahmed Azzam M , Khalil Sayed M S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mosquito-transmitted diseases pose a threat for a great portion of the world population. Chemical insecticides are the main tool for mosquito control. Heavy dependence on chemicals created several problems such as resistance development in many mosquito species, environmental effects, and human health issues. Other tools for mosquito control were developed and used in some parts of the world. Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is a reverse genetic mechanism that was recently introduced as a new tool for pest control. Regarding mosquito, RNAi was used to study gene function and to discover genes that can be used as targets for control purposes. Several delivery methods are used to induce RNAi in mosquito larvae. Some methods such as injection and soaking are used routinely in RNAi research but have no application in the field. Other methods such as nanoparticles and microbes have some characteristics that make them good candidates for field application. In this report, we will focus on delivery methods for RNAi in mosquito larvae and will give examples for each method.
Gastric outlet obstruction secondary to peptic ulcer disease, previously misdiagnosed as idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in a 16-year-old girl: a case report
Authors: Notue Yves Alain , Mbessoh Ulrich Igor , Tientcheu Tim Fabrice , Moifo Boniface , Mefire Alain Chichom 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Gastric outlet obstruction encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions characterized by complete or incomplete obstruction of the distal stomach, which interrupts gastric emptying and prevents the passage of gastric contents beyond the proximal duodenum. Idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is the most common cause with an incidence of 1.5–3 per 1000 live births. However, it is excluded; other causes in children such as peptic ulcer disease are relatively rare. We report a case of an acquired gastric outlet obstruction due to peptic ulcer disease, previously misdiagnosed as idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in a 16-year-old girl. Beyond the rarity of this clinical event, this case highlights the challenges of the aetiological diagnosis of gastric outlet obstruction with subsequent therapeutic issues, and is the first documented case in Cameroon.
A Case Report: Insulinoma in a Military Pilot Detected by 68Ga-Dotatate PET/CT
Authors: Larose Lisa D , Vroman Penny J , Musick Sierra R , Beauvais Alexis A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A 37-year-old active duty male Air Force instructor pilot, with no prior medical history, was found unresponsive at his home after awakening with symptoms of altered mental status when the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) was called. The patient was found to be hypoglycemic with a glucose of 37 mg/dL. The patient recovered after administration of a dextrose bolus. Further investigation revealed that over the last several years, the patient exhibited symptoms of lightheadedness and tremors if fasted greater than 3 hours. Further clinical workup strongly suggested the presence of a neuroendocrine tumor. Initial imaging studies to include a multiphasic dedicated pancreatic computed tomography (CT) scan did not demonstrate a pancreatic lesion. However, the utilization of an innovative new nuclear medicine imaging modality, a 68Ga-Dotatate PET/CT, clearly demonstrated a 19 × 16 mm lesion of the distal pancreatic tail, which guided surgical resection. He underwent a robotic-assisted laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, pathologically characterized as an insulinoma. The patient’s symptoms immediately resolved with no recurrence over the next 6 months. The pilot was granted a waiver, returning him to his flying duties. The 68Ga-Dotatate PET/CT enabled the identification of an otherwise occult pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor ultimately leading to this patient’s definitive cure and the salvage of this military asset’s aviation career.
petar: a high-performance N-body code for modelling massive collisional stellar systems
Authors: Wang Long , Iwasawa Masaki , Nitadori Keigo , Makino Junichiro 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe numerical simulations of massive collisional stellar systems, such as globular clusters (GCs), are very time consuming. Until now, only a few realistic million-body simulations of GCs with a small fraction of binaries ($5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) have been performed by using the nbody6++gpu code. Such models took half a year computational time on a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU)-based supercomputer. In this work, we develop a new N-body code, petar, by combining the methods of Barnes–Hut tree, Hermite integrator and slow-down algorithmic regularization. The code can accurately handle an arbitrary fraction of multiple systems (e.g. binaries and triples) while keeping a high performance by using the hybrid parallelization methods with mpi, openmp, simd instructions and GPU. A few benchmarks indicate that petar and nbody6++gpu have a very good agreement on the long-term evolution of the global structure, binary orbits and escapers. On a highly configured GPU desktop computer, the performance of a million-body simulation with all stars in binaries by using petar is 11 times faster than that of nbody6++gpu. Moreover, on the Cray XC50 supercomputer, petar well scales when number of cores increase. The 10 million-body problem, which covers the region of ultracompact dwarfs and nuclear star clusters, becomes possible to be solved.
SN 2018hti: a nearby superluminous supernova discovered in a metal-poor galaxy
Authors: Lin W L , Wang X F , Li W X , Zhang J J , Mo J , Sai H N , Zhang X H , Filippenko A V , Zheng W K , Brink T G , Baron E , DerKacy J M , Ehgamberdiev S A , Mirzaqulov D , Li X , Zhang J C , Yan S Y , Xi G B , Hsiao Y , Zhang T M , Wang L J , Liu L D , Xiang D F , Wu C Y , Rui L M , Chen Z H 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
SN 2018hti is a Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN I) with an absolute g-band magnitude of −22.2 at maximum brightness, discovered by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System in a metal-poor galaxy at a redshift of 0.0612. We present extensive photometric and spectroscopic observations of this supernova, covering the phases from ∼−35 d to more than +340 d from the r-band maximum. Combining our BVgri-band photometry with Swift UVOT optical/ultraviolet photometry, we calculated the peak luminosity as ∼3.5 × 1044 erg s−1. Modelling the observed light curve reveals that the luminosity evolution of SN 2018hti can be produced by an ejecta mass of 5.8 M⊙ and a magnetar with a magnetic field of B = 1.8 × 1013 G having an initial spin period of P0 = 1.8 ms. Based on such a magnetar-powered scenario and a larger sample, a correlation between the spin of the magnetar and the kinetic energy of the ejecta can be inferred for most SLSNe I, suggesting a self-consistent scenario. Like for other SLSNe I, the host galaxy of SN 2018hti is found to be relatively faint (Mg = −17.75 mag) and of low metallicity (Z = 0.3 Z⊙), with a star formation rate of 0.3 M⊙ yr−1. According to simulation results of single-star evolution, SN 2018hti could originate from a massive, metal-poor star with a zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) mass of 25–40 M⊙, or from a less massive rotating star with MZAMS ≈ 16–25 M⊙. For the case of a binary system, its progenitor could also be a star with $M_\mathrm{ZAMS} \gtrsim 25\, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$.
Implementation of stellar heating feedback in simulations of star cluster formation: effects on the initial mass function
Authors: Mathew Sajay Sunny , Federrath Christoph 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Explaining the initial mass function (IMF) of stars is a long-standing problem in astrophysics. The number of complex mechanisms involved in the process of star cluster formation, such as turbulence, magnetic fields, and stellar feedback, make understanding and modelling the IMF a challenging task. In this paper, we aim to assert the importance of stellar heating feedback in the star cluster formation process and its effect on the shape of the IMF. We use an analytical sub-grid model to implement the radiative feedback in fully three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of star cluster formation, with the ultimate objective of obtaining numerical convergence on the IMF. We compare a set of MHD adaptive mesh refinement simulations with three different implementations of the heating of the gas: (1) a polytropic equation of state, (2) a spherically symmetric stellar heating feedback, and (3) our newly developed polar heating model that takes into account the geometry of the accretion disc and the resulting shielding of stellar radiation by dust. For each of the three heating models, we analyse the distribution of stellar masses formed in 10 molecular cloud simulations with different realizations of the turbulence to obtain a statistically representative IMF. We conclude that stellar heating feedback has a profound influence on the number of stars formed and plays a crucial role in controlling the IMF. We find that the simulations with the polar heating model achieve the best convergence on the observed IMF.
The failure of testing for cosmic opacity via the distance-duality relation
Authors: Vavryčuk Václav , Kroupa Pavel 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The distance-duality relation (DDR) between the luminosity distance DL and the angular diameter distance DA is viewed as a powerful tool for testing for the opacity of the Universe, being independent of any cosmological model. It was applied by many authors, who mostly confirm its validity and report a negligible opacity of the Universe. Nevertheless, a thorough analysis reveals that applying the DDR in cosmic opacity tests is tricky. Its applicability is strongly limited because of a non-unique interpretation of the DL data in terms of cosmic opacity and a rather low accuracy and deficient extent of currently available DA data. Moreover, authors usually assume that cosmic opacity is frequency independent and parametrize it in their tests by a prescribed phenomenological function. In this way, they only prove that cosmic opacity does not follow their assumptions. As a consequence, no convincing evidence of transparency of the universe using the DDR has so far been presented.
Warm dust in high-z galaxies: origin and implications
Authors: Sommovigo L , Ferrara A , Pallottini A , Carniani S , Gallerani S , Decataldo D 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
ALMA observations have revealed the presence of dust in galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization (EoR; redshift z &gt; 6). However, the dust temperature, Td, remains unconstrained, and this introduces large uncertainties, particularly in the dust mass determinations. Using an analytical and physically motivated model, we show that dust in high-z, star-forming giant molecular clouds (GMCs), largely dominating the observed far-infrared luminosity, is warmer ($T_\mathrm{ d} \lower.5ex\hbox{$\,\, \buildrel\,\gt\, \over \sim \,\,$}60\ \mathrm{K}$) than locally. This is due to the more compact GMC structure induced by the higher gas pressure and turbulence characterizing early galaxies. The compactness also delays GMC dispersal by stellar feedback, thus $\sim 40$ per cent of the total UV radiation emitted by newly born stars remains obscured. A higher Td has additional implications: it (a) reduces the tension between local and high-z IRX–β relation, and (b) alleviates the problem of the uncomfortably large dust masses deduced from observations of some EoR galaxies.
Chemical models of interstellar cyanomethanimine isomers
Authors: Zhang Xia , Quan Donghui , Chang Qiang , Herbst Eric , Esimbek Jarken , Webb Matthew 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The E-isomer of cyanomethanimine (HNCHCN) was first identified in Sagittarius B2(N) (Sgr B2(N)) by a comparison of the publicly available Green Bank Telescope (GBT) PRIMOS survey with laboratory rotational spectra. Recently, Z-cyanomethanimine was detected in the quiescent molecular cloud G+0.693−0.027 with the IRAM 30-m telescope. Cyanomethanimine is a chemical intermediate in the proposed synthetic routes of adenine, and may play an important role in forming biological molecules in the interstellar medium. Here we present a new modelling study of cyanomethanimine, using the nautilus gas–grain reaction network and code with the addition of over 400 chemical reactions of the three cyanomethanimine isomers and related species. We apply cold isothermal core, hot core, and C-type shock models to simulate the complicated and heterogeneous physical environment in and in front of Sgr B2(N), and in G+0.693−0.027. We identify the major formation and destruction routes of cyanomethanimine, and find that the calculated abundances of the cyanomethanimine isomers and the ratio of Z-isomer to E-isomer are both in reasonable agreement with observations for selected environments. In particular, we conclude that these isomers are most likely formed within or near the hot core without the impact of shocks, or in the cold regions with shocks.