bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do Spanish heritage speakers in the US assign gender to English nouns in Spanish-English
code-switching?
Authors: Denbaum Nofiya , de Prada Pérez Ana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Previous studies have observed different gender assignment strategies for English nouns in Spanish-English
code-switching (CS). However, these studies have not investigated the role of noun gender canonicity of the Spanish equivalent,
they have only examined participants in bilingual speaker mode, and most studies have not explored the role of bilingual language
experience. The current study compares gender assignment by heritage speakers of Spanish in a monolingual speaker mode and a
bilingual speaker mode, considering the role of noun gender canonicity and CS experience. Results revealed a language mode effect,
where participants used significantly more masculine determiners with the same feminine nouns in the CS session than those in the
Spanish monolingual session where they used a feminine determiner. Further evidence of a language mode effect was found in the
effect of noun canonicity and bilingual language experience. Noun canonicity was only significant in the Spanish monolingual
session, where participants used significantly more masculine determiners with non-canonical nouns. Bilingual language experience
was only significant in the CS session, where regular codeswitchers used more masculine default determiners than infrequent
codeswitchers and non-codeswitchers, while in Spanish-only, all these groups behaved similarly.
What transfers (or doesn’t) in the second language acquisition of English articles by learners from article-less native languages?
Authors: Ionin Tania , Choi Sea Hee , Liu Qiufen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper examines whether adult learners of English whose native languages (Korean and Mandarin Chinese) lack articles are influenced by transfer from demonstratives and numerals in their acquisition of English articles. To this end, the results of two studies are reported. The first study examines native Korean and Mandarin speakers’ preferences for bare vs. non-bare (demonstrative or numeral) forms in different types of definite and indefinite environments. The results of this study give rise to specific predictions for L1-Korean and L1-Mandarin L2-English learners’ sensitivity to article omission errors in different types of definite and indefinite contexts in English. These predictions are tested in the second study, which uses both an offline task (grammaticality judgments) and an online task (self-paced reading) to investigate learners’ sensitivity to errors of article omission. L1-Korean and L1-Mandarin L2-English learners are found to behave very similarly when tested in English, despite different preferences exhibited by native speakers of Korean and Mandarin. It is concluded that learners of these article-less first languages do not transfer the semantics of demonstratives and numerals onto articles in their second language.
Recruitments in French
Authors: Golato Peter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter analyzes first-person singular declarative
statements and their accompanying actions in French cooking shows. These
‘what I’m doing’ action combinations (Frick 2017) include lexical verbs having to do with object
seizing/manipulation and ambulatory movement in either the futur
proche (the French periphrastic future) or the simple present
tense. The discussion shows that these turns mobilize others. Specifically,
they result in the recruitment (Kendrick
and Drew 2016) of coparticipants to assist the speaker in some
way. The discussion focuses on the interplay between grammatical form,
embodiment, setting, and interactional achievement. It shows that ‘what I’m
doing’ action combinations not only mobilize the hosts of the show, but may
also mobilize non-addressable third parties such as camera operators.
When emergencies are not urgent
Authors: Bolaños-Carpio Alexa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study examines the activity of requesting help in
emergency calls, using 911 Costa Rica as a case study. Focusing on the
notions of contingency-entitlement, benefactors and beneficiaries, and the
urgency of the incident, the findings show that the design of the request
for non-life-threatening incidents can encode the caller’s low entitlement
to the request via the phrase para ver si ‘to see if.’ When
using this phrase in conjunction with other linguistic forms (such as modal
periphrasis), the caller’s entitlement to the request is further downgraded.
Regardless of the type of incident and the linguistic forms used in the
request for help, call-takers’ next relevant action is asking the location
of the incident or verifying the caller’s information.
Extracellular vesicles provide a capsid‐free vector for oncolytic adenoviral DNA delivery
Authors: Saari Heikki , Turunen Tiia , Lõhmus Andres , Turunen Mikko , Jalasvuori Matti , Butcher Sarah J. , Ylä‐Herttuala Seppo , Viitala Tapani , Cerullo Vincenzo , Siljander Pia R. M. , Yliperttula Marjo 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have been showcased as auspicious candidates for delivering therapeutic cargo, including oncolytic viruses for cancer treatment. Delivery of oncolytic viruses in EVs could provide considerable advantages, hiding the viruses from the immune system and providing alternative entry pathways into cancer cells. Here we describe the formation and viral cargo of EVs secreted by cancer cells infected with an oncolytic adenovirus (IEVs, infected cell‐derived EVs) as a function of time after infection. IEVs were secreted already before the lytic release of virions and their structure resembled normally secreted EVs, suggesting that they were not just apoptotic fragments of infected cells. IEVs were able to carry the viral genome and induce infection in other cancer cells. As such, the role of EVs in the life cycle of adenoviruses may be an important part of a successful infection and may also be harnessed for cancer‐ and gene therapy.
Pushing Purcell enhancement beyond its limits
Authors: Barrett Thomas D , Doherty Thomas H , Kuhn Axel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purcell-enhanced photon emission into a cavity is at the heart of many schemes for interfacing quantum states of light and matter. We show that the intra-cavity coupling of orthogonal polarisation modes in a birefringent cavity allows for the emitter and photon to be decoupled prior to emission from the cavity mode, enabling photon extraction efficiencies that exceed the, previously considered fundamental, limits of Purcell enhancement. Tailored cavity birefringence is seen to mitigate the tradeoff between stronger emitter-cavity coupling and efficient photon extraction, providing significant advantages over single-mode cavities. We then generalise this approach to show that engineered coupling between states of the emitter can equivalently ‘hide’ the emitter from the photon, ultimately allowing the extraction efficiency to approach its fundamental upper limit. The principles proposed in this work can be applied in multiple ways to any emitter-cavity system, paving the way to surpassing the traditional limitations with technologies that exist today.
Higher-order interactions mitigate direct negative effects on population dynamics of herbaceous plants during succession
Authors: Xiao Junli , Li Yuanzhi , Chu Chengjin , Wang Youshi , Meiners Scott J , Stouffer Daniel B 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPlant succession is regulated by a combination of abiotic and biotic factors. However, previous studies of biotic drivers have focused overwhelmingly on direct pairwise species interactions, ignoring the likely prevalent higher-order interactions (HOIs) in natural systems. Climate also plays a significant role in determining successional dynamics with both direct effects and indirect effects via altered biotic interactions. Here we explored the relative effects of direct species interactions, HOIs, climate, and their interactions on population dynamics of herbaceous plants during 50 years of post-agricultural secondary succession and tested whether the inclusion of HOIs and climate data improved forecasts of population dynamics. Direct intraspecific interactions were competitive and prevalent across the 90 herbaceous plants examined, while direct interspecific interactions only affected populations of 29% species. HOIs, mainly arose from intraspecific HOIs of conspecifics, were mostly positive and thus largely mitigated the competitive effects of direct intraspecific interactions. Species with lower peak cover experienced stronger intraspecific competition and positive intraspecific HOIs of conspecifics. Direct interspecific interactions had neutral or facilitative effects on species with lower peak cover, and tended to have competitive effects on species with higher peak cover. Climate simultaneously influenced population dynamics both directly and indirectly via altered species interactions. Forecast performance was significantly improved with the inclusion of HOIs or climate for about half and one-third of species, respectively. Our study emphasizes the importance of HOIs, which largely mitigated direct competitive effects on population dynamics of herbaceous plants during succession. Teasing apart HOIs from direct species interactions substantially refined our understanding of successional dynamics of herbaceous plants and improved the accuracy of forecasting population dynamics during succession in a changing world.
Fabrication and characteristics of Zn1–xSnxO nanorod/ITO composite photocatalytic films
Authors: Dung T. Nguyen , Dang Tran Chien , Trinh Duc Thien , Duong Anh Tuan , Pham Duc Thang , Nguyen Nang Dinh , Nguyen Dinh Lam 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Zn1−xSnxO NRs/ITO composite photocatalytic films were fabricated by the hydrothermal method. A concentration of Sn dopant in Zn1−xSnxO nanorods (NRs) was varied from 0% to 7%. The structural and surface morphology characteristics of Zn1−xSnxO NRs/ITO composite photocatalytic films were investigated by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. In addition, photocatalytic properties of synthesized materials were evaluated by degradation rates of Rhodamine-B aqueous solutions under UV light irradiation. The SEM results indicated that, with an increasing concentration of Sn dopant in Zn1−xSnxO NRs/ITO, the effective surface areas were declined by an exponential decay function and the reduction was negligible as the Sn doping concentration was higher than 3%. With the similarity in effective surface area, the contribution of Sn in the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of Zn0.93Sn0.07O NRs/ITO is clearly observed with 41% improvement in comparison to ZnO NRs/ITO.
Optical studies of crystalline ZnO–SiO2 developed from pyrolysis of coconut husk
Authors: Anuar Muhammad Fahmi , Fen Yap Wing , Zaid Mohd Hafiz Mohd , Omar Nur Alia Sheh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the ZnO–SiO2 was synthesized using ZnO nanopowders and SiO2 developed from coconut husk ash by using conventional solid state method. The ZnO–SiO2 crystal system was heat-treated and the properties was studied. The XRD results showed high intensity peaks due to its high crystallinity when sintered at high temperature. The morphological differences can also be observed through FESEM images as the heat-treated crystal system showed well-distinct boundaries. Meanwhile, the absorbance intensity decreased and shifted to the lower wavelength after heat-treated. The optical band gap value of the ZnO–SiO2 was 3.22 eV before treated and increased to 4.05 eV after heat treated. The presented results showed good properties of zinc silicate and it has a great potential as phosphors in optical application.
Biosorbents prepared from pomelo peel by hydrothermal technique and its adsorption properties for congo red
Authors: Zheng Heng , Sun Qinye , Li Yanhui , Du Qiuju 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A new kind of biosorbent was prepared from pomelo peel by using potassium hydroxide as activating agent and hydrothermal treatment method. The characteristics of materials were analyzed by SEM, BET and FTIR. Increasing the adsorbent dosage (from 2.5 to 17.5 g l−1) and contents of congo red in solution (from 20 to 50 mg l−1) cause the increment of removal rate of congo red. On the other side, the removal rate is decrement with rising of temperature and pH. The maximum adsorption quantity of biosorbent was 144.93 mg g−1 at 303 K, which calculated by Langmuir model. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model, pseudo-second-order kinetic model and intra-particle diffusion model were used to explain adsorption process. The value of Gibbs free energy (∆G) is −7.63 (kJ/mol) at 303 K and the enthalpy change (∆H) is −31.43 (kJ/mol), meaning that adsorption behavior for congo red is spontaneous.
Phase-based Eulerian motion magnification reveals eardrum mobility from pneumatic otoscopy without sealing the ear canal
Authors: Won Jungeun , Huang Pin-Chieh , Boppart Stephen A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Pneumatic otoscopy is the recommended diagnostic method for middle ear infections. Physicians use a pneumatic otoscope to assess the position of the eardrum (bulging or retraction) as well as the eardrum mobility while an insufflation bulb is squeezed to generate air pressure changes in a sealed ear canal. While pneumatic otoscopy provides increased sensitivity and specificity by detecting decreased eardrum mobility, there exist many challenges to correctly perform and interpret results. For example, the ear canal must be sealed using a specialized ear speculum to deliver sufficiently large pressure changes that can induce visible movements of an eardrum. To overcome this challenge, video motion magnification is proposed to amplify pneumatic-induced motions of the eardrum without sealing of the ear canal. Pneumatic otoscopy is performed on adult subjects using a smartphone camera with an otoscope attachment at 60 frames per second, with pressure inputs at 5 Hz. Phase-based Eulerian motion magnification is applied to magnify spatiotemporal dependent motions in the video. As a result, the motion magnification of unsealed pneumatic otoscopy reveals comparable eardrum motions as in standard pneumatic otoscopy with a sealed ear canal. Furthermore, the estimated motions (in pixels) are quantified to examine the spatial and the temporal variations of the eardrum motions. The motion magnification may avoid the need for sealing the ear canal as well as decrease patient discomfort in pneumatic otoscopy, improving the capability and the usability as a point-of-care diagnostic tool in primary care and otology.
Low-dimensional materials as saturable absorbers for pulsed waveguide lasers
Authors: Li Ziqi , Pang Chi , Li Rang , Chen Feng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Low-dimensional (LD) materials, such as 2D materials, carbon nanotubes, and nanoparticles, have attracted increasing attention for light modulation in photonics and optoelectronics. The high nonlinearity, broad bandwidth, and fast response enabled by LD materials are critical to realize desired functionalities in highly integrated photonic systems. Driven by the growing demand for compact laser sources, LD materials have recently demonstrated their great capacity as saturable absorbers in pulsed (Q-switched or mode-locked) laser generation in waveguide platforms. We review the recent advances of pulsed waveguide lasers based on LD materials. A perspective is also presented in this rapidly growing research field.
PedMiner: a tool for linkage analysis-based identification of disease-associated variants using family based whole-exome sequencing data
Authors: Zhou Jianteng , Gao Jianing , Zhang Huan , Zhao Daren , Li Ao , Iqbal Furhan , Shi Qinghua , Zhang Yuanwei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
With the advances of next-generation sequencing technology, the field of disease research has been revolutionized. However, pinpointing the disease-causing variants from millions of revealed variants is still a tough task. Here, we have reviewed the existing linkage analysis tools and presented PedMiner, a web-based application designed to narrow down candidate variants from family based whole-exome sequencing (WES) data through linkage analysis. PedMiner integrates linkage analysis, variant annotation and prioritization in one automated pipeline. It provides graphical visualization of the linked regions along with comprehensive annotation of variants and genes within these linked regions. This efficient and comprehensive application will be helpful for the scientific community working on Mendelian inherited disorders using family based WES data.
Habitat generalists drive nestedness in a tropical mountaintop insect metacommunity
Authors: Neves Frederico de Siqueira , da Silva Pedro Giovâni , Solar Ricardo , Nunes Cássio Alencar , Beirão Marina do Vale , Brant Humberto , Castro Flávio Siqueira de , Dáttilo Wesley , Guevara Roger , Fernandes G Wilson 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNestedness is widely observed in natural metacommunities, but its underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. The distribution of habitats in the landscape and differences in dispersal rates of distinct insect taxa can determine the nestedness of the metacommunity. Here, we evaluated how species habitat specialization contributes to metacommunity nestedness in insect groups with different dispersal capacities in a mountaintop landscape in south-eastern Brazil. We sampled ants, butterflies and dung beetles in two main habitats, naturally fragmented forest islands and a grassland matrix (campo rupestre), during both dry and rainy seasons. We classified species according to their degree of habitat specialization (generalists or specialists) based on the relative frequencies and abundances between these two contrasting habitats. Forty of 211 species were classified as habitat specialists, seven as habitat generalists. It was not possible to classify the remaining species. The metacommunity was nested in structure, with habitat generalist species contributing more to nestedness than habitat specialists. Nonetheless, habitat distribution in the landscape did not affect the nestedness of the metacommunity. Our findings reveal that species sorting (for habitat specialists) and mass effects (for habitat generalists) are concurrent processes in the mountaintop forest–grassland mosaic. Our study helps to advance our understanding of the differences in the distribution of generalist and specialist species in a tropical mountaintop landscape and improves our ability to predict and manage the increasingly adverse effects of changes in land use and climate on metacommunities and ecosystem functions.
Noninvasive Fetal Genotyping by Droplet Digital PCR to Identify Maternally Inherited Monogenic Diabetes Variants
Authors: Caswell Richard C , Snowsill Tristan , Houghton Jayne A L , Chakera Ali J , Shepherd Maggie H , Laver Thomas W , Knight Bridget A , Wright David , Hattersley Andrew T , Ellard Sian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Babies of women with heterozygous pathogenic glucokinase (GCK) variants causing mild fasting hyperglycemia are at risk of macrosomia if they do not inherit the variant. Conversely, babies who inherit a pathogenic hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4A) diabetes variant are at increased risk of high birth weight. Noninvasive fetal genotyping for maternal pathogenic variants would inform pregnancy management.

Methods
Droplet digital PCR was used to quantify reference and variant alleles in cell-free DNA extracted from blood from 38 pregnant women heterozygous for a GCK or HNF4A variant and to determine fetal fraction by measurement of informative maternal and paternal variants. Droplet numbers positive for the reference/alternate allele together with the fetal fraction were used in a Bayesian analysis to derive probability for the fetal genotype. The babies’ genotypes were ascertained postnatally by Sanger sequencing.

Results
Droplet digital PCR assays for GCK or HNF4A variants were validated for testing in all 38 pregnancies. Fetal fraction of ≥2% was demonstrated in at least 1 cell-free DNA sample from 33 pregnancies. A threshold of ≥0.95 for calling homozygous reference genotypes and ≤0.05 for heterozygous fetal genotypes allowed correct genotype calls for all 33 pregnancies with no false-positive results. In 30 of 33 pregnancies, a result was obtained from a single blood sample.

Conclusions
This assay can be used to identify pregnancies at risk of macrosomia due to maternal monogenic diabetes variants.
Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: a rare cause of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in an adult—a case report
Authors: Regeer Madelien V , Bondarenko Olga , Zeppenfeld Katja , Egorova Anastasia D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital disorder resulting in ischaemia and myocardial infarction which can act as a potential substrate for life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Case summary
A 19-year-old man was admitted to the hospital after successful resuscitation from an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to ventricular fibrillation occurring during jogging. In the diagnostic work-up of the OHCA, computed tomography identified an ALCAPA. The patient was referred to our tertiary hospital for surgical correction. Direct reimplantation of the left coronary artery in the aorta was performed. During follow-up, 24-h electrocardiogram revealed short episodes of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). The magnetic resonance imaging at initial admission showed focal wall thinning and transmural late gadolinium enhancement consistent with a previous anterolateral myocardial infarction. Therefore, the aetiology of the OHCA could be due to a scar-related mechanism and not necessarily due to a reversible cause and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) was considered indicated. Given the young age and the lower complication rates, a subcutaneous device was preferred over a transvenous ICD. However, as a subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) lacks the possibility of anti-tachycardia pacing, programmed electrical stimulation (PES) was performed to test for inducibility of monomorphic, re-entrant VT. After a negative PES, an S-ICD was implanted.

Discussion
ALCAPA is a potential cause of OHCA in young patients. Some of these patients keep an irreversible substrate for ventricular arrhythmias despite full surgical revascularization and might be candidates for (subcutaneous) ICD implantation.