bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Change of COVID-19 Seroprevalence among Asymptomatic Population in Tokyo during the Second Wave
Authors: Hibino Sawako , Hayashida Kazutaka , Ahn Andrew C , Hayashida Yasutaka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImportanceFatality rates related to COVID-19 in Japan have been low compared to Western Countries and have decreased despite the absence of lockdown. Serological tests monitored across the course of the second wave can provide insights into the population-level prevalence and dynamic patterns of COVID-19 infection.ObjectiveTo assess changes in COVID-19 seroprevalence among asymptomatic employees working in Tokyo during the second wave.DesignWe conducted an observational cohort study. Healthy volunteers working for a Japanese company in Tokyo were enrolled from disparate locations to determine seropositivity against COVID19 from May 26 to August 25, 2020. COVID-19 IgM and IgG antibodies were determined by a rapid COVID19 IgM/IgG test kit using fingertip blood. Across the company, tests were performed and acquired weekly. For each participant, serology tests were offered twice, separated by approximately a month, to provide self-reference of test results and to assess for seroconversion and seroreversion.SettingWorkplace setting within a large company.ParticipantsHealthy volunteers from 1877 employees of a large Japanese company were recruited to the study from 11 disparate locations across Tokyo. Participants having fever, cough, or shortness of breath at the time of testing were excluded.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)Seropositivity rate (SPR) was calculated by pooled data from each two-weeks window across the cohort. Either IgM or IgG positivity was defined as seropositive. Changes in immunological status against SARS-CoV-2 were determined by comparing results between two tests obtained from the same individual.ResultsSix hundred fifteen healthy volunteers (mean + SD 40.8 + 10.0; range 19 - 69; 45.7 % female) received at least one test. Seroprevalence increased from 5.8 % to 46.8 % over the course of the summer. The most dramatic increase in SPR occurred in late June and early July, paralleling the rise in daily confirmed cases within Tokyo, which peaked on August 4. Out of the 350 individuals (mean + SD 42.5 + 10.0; range 19 - 69; 46.0 % female) who completed both offered tests, 21.4 % of those individuals who tested seronegative became seropositive and seroreversion was found in 12.2 % of initially seropositive participants. 81.1% of IgM positive cases at first testing became IgM negative in approximately one month.Conclusions and RelevanceCOVID-19 infection may have spread widely across the general population of Tokyo despite the very low fatality rate. Given the temporal correlation between the rise in seropositivity and the decrease in reported COVID-19 cases that occurred without a shut-down, herd immunity may be implicated. Sequential testing for serological response against COVID-19 is useful for understanding the dynamics of COVID-19 infection at the population-level.
A Brief Burnout Evaluation Scale (BBES) as a potential tool to prevent collapse of the health care task force during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bastos Tamires Martins , Monteiro Gabriela Massaro Carneiro , Borges Rogério Boff , Moser Carolina Meira , Arenas Daniel Luccas , Bassols Ana Margareth , Laskoski Pricilla Braga , Hauck Simone 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, where overloaded health systems seem inevitable, there is a need for reliable, conceptually adequate, and easily applied measurement tools to identify health professionals at risk.Objectiveto present the preliminary psychometric properties of a Brief Burnout Evaluation Scale (BBES) and its association with important outcomes, i.e., moderate to severe depression and suicidal ideation.MethodsThe BBES has 4 Likert-type items and was tested as part of a cross-sectional study that included 401 medical students. Reliability analysis and validity studies were performed.ResultsIn the parallel analysis, two factors were extracted, explaining 84.4% of the variance. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.78, showing high internal consistency. Considering a cut-off point of 12, the odds ratio for moderate to severe depression was 3.01 (CI 1.7-5.22; p<0.001) and for last month suicidal ideation 2.96 (CI 1.6-5.48).ConclusionThe results suggest good psychometric characteristics for the BBES, thus reinforcing its utility as an assessment tool for evaluating the well-being or distress of health professionals. It carries with it the potential to implement early interventions and to prevent the descent into burnout so common today in the health care task force during the pandemic.
Temporal analysis of the clinical evolution of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil
Authors: Pompeo Carolina Mariano , Ferreira Marcos Antonio , de Queiroz Cardoso Andréia Insabralde , Costa Luciana Scarlazzari , da Costa Souza Mercy , Mota Felipe Machado , Ivo Maria Lúcia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective was to analyze the evolution of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the first four months of the pandemic in Mato Grosso do Sul, a state in the Center-West region of Brazil, as well as the factors related to the prevalence of deaths. This was an observational study with a cross-sectional and time series design based on data from the information system of the State Department of Health of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The microdata from the epidemiological bulletin is open and in the public domain; consultation was carried out from March to July 2020. The incidences were stratified per 100,000 inhabitants. The cross-section study was conducted to describe COVID-19 cases, and the trend analysis was performed using polynomial regression models for time series, with R-Studio software and a significance level of 5%. There was a predominance of women among the cases, and of men in terms of deaths. The presence of comorbidities was statistically related to mortality, particularly lung disease and diabetes, and the mean age of the deaths was 67.7 years. Even though the macro-region of the state capital, Campo Grande, had a higher number of cases, the most fatalities were in the macro-region of Corumbá. The trend curve demonstrated discreet growth in the incidence of cases between epidemiological weeks 11 and 19, with a significant increase in week 20 throughout the state. The trend for COVID-19 in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul was upward and regular, but there was an important and alarming exponential increase. The health authorities should adopt the necessary measures to enforce health precautions and encourage social distancing of the population so that health services will be able to care for those afflicted by the disease, especially older people, those with comorbidities, and vulnerable sectors of the population.
The effect of COVID-19 on the economy: evidence from an early adopter of localized lockdowns
Authors: Asahi Kenzo , Undurraga Eduardo A. , Valdés Rodrigo , Wagner Rodrigo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundGovernments worldwide have implemented large-scale non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as social distancing or school closures, to prevent and control the growth of the COVID-19 pandemic. These strategies, implemented with varying stringency, have imposed substantial social and economic costs to society. As some countries begin to reopen and ease mobility restrictions, lockdowns in smaller geographic areas are increasingly being considered as an attractive policy intervention to mitigate societal costs while controlling epidemic growth. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence to support these decisions.MethodsDrawing from a rich dataset of localized lockdowns in Chile, we used econometric methods to measure the reduction in local economic activity from lockdowns when applied to smaller or larger geographical areas. We measured economic activity by tax collection at the municipality-level.FindingsResults show lockdowns were associated with a 10-15% drop in local economic activity, a two-fold reduction compared to municipalities not under lockdown. A three-to-four-month lockdown had a similar effect on economic activity than the year of the 2009 great recession. We found that costs are proportional to the population under lockdown, without differences when lockdowns were measured at the municipality or city-wide levels.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that localized lockdowns have a large effect on local economic activity, but these effects are proportional to the population under lockdown. Our results suggest that epidemiological criteria should guide decisions about the optimal size of lockdown areas; the proportional effects of lockdowns on the economy seem to be unchanged by scale.JEL codesI10, I15, I18, H2
Design evaluation of a dental implant used in the jawbone D1 – D4 zones
Authors: Behzadian Farid , Borjali Amirhossein , Chizari Mahmoud 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany people may suffer from missing a tooth or teeth for different reasons. Dental implants are one of the primary solutions which are being used increasingly in the last few decades. In the first stage of the usual procedure, the surgeon uses a drill to create a socket into the jaw bone; then, in the next step, the implant, which is a fine metal screw most of the time, will be inserted into the pre-drilled socket.This study investigates the biomechanical behaviors of a new dental implant which has a different performance and thread design. The strength of the new implant has been assessed under a daily loading through a series of experimental tests using dummy foam block substitute to the natural human jawbone. The feature of the new design was modified to introduce a new dental implant for brittle jawbones. The study was closely focusing on the design criteria of the implant applicable for D3-D4 zones of the jaw bone.
Reorganization of Substance Use Treatment and Harm Reduction Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey
Authors: Radfar Seyed Ramin , De Jong Cornelis A J , Farhoudian Ali , Ebrahimi Mohsen , Rafei Parnian , Vahidi Mehrnoosh , Yunesian Masud , Kouimtsidis Christos , Arunogiri Shalini , Massah Omid , Deylamizadeh Abbas , Brady Kathleen T , Busse Anja 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted people with substance use disorders (SUDs) worldwide and healthcare systems have reorganized their services in response to the pandemic.MethodsOne week after the announcement of the COVID-19 as a pandemic, in a global survey, 177 addiction medicine professionals described COVID-19-related health responses in their own 77 countries in terms of SUD treatment and harm reduction services. The health response is categorized around (1) managerial measures and systems, (2) logistics, (3) service providers and (4) vulnerable groups.ResultsRespondents from over 88% of countries reported that core medical and psychiatric care for SUDs had continued; however, only 56% of countries reported having had any business continuity plan, and, 37.5% of countries reported shortages of methadone or buprenorphine supplies. Participants of 41% of countries reported partial discontinuation of harm-reduction services such as needle and syringe programs and condom distribution. 57% of overdose prevention interventions and 81% of outreach services also having been negatively impacted.ConclusionsParticipants reported that SUD treatment and harm reduction services had been significantly impacted globally early during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our findings, we provide a series of recommendations to support countries to be prepared more efficiently for future waves or similar pandemics to 1) help policymakers generate business continuity plans, 2) maintain use of evidence-based interventions for people with SUDs, 3) be prepared for adequate medication supplies, 4) integrate harm reduction programs with other treatment modalities and 5) have specific considerations for vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees.HighlightsCOVID-19 negatively impacted services for PWSUD globally.Addiction medicine downgraded more than other psychiatry services.Business continuity plan for PWSUD services reported only in about half of the countries.Refugees & migrants had more negative impact compared to other vulnerable groups.Harm reduction services discontinued partially or totally during pandemic.
OXTR rs53576 variation with breast and nipple pain in breastfeeding women
Authors: Lucas Ruth , Zhang Yiming , Walsh Stephen J. , Starkweather Angela , Young Erin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate associations among breast and nipple pain sensitivity and candidate pain sensitivity single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs], (COMT rs6269, rs4633, rs4818, rs4680 and OXTR rs2254298, rs53576) in breastfeeding women.DesignA secondary analysis of sixty women participating in a pilot randomized controlled trial of a pain self-management intervention.MethodsAll participants underwent standardized mechanical somatosensory testing for an assessment of pain sensitivity and provided baseline buccal swabs for genetic analysis. At 1, 2, and 6 weeks postpartum, women self-reported breast and nipple pain severity using a visual analogue scale.ResultsWomen with the minor allele OXTR rs53576 reported 8.18-fold higher breast and nipple pain severity over time. For every 1-unit increase in mechanical detection threshold and windup ratio, women reported 16.51-fold and 4.82-fold higher breast and nipple pain severity respectively. Six women with the OXTR rs2254298 minor allele reported allodynia.DiscussionThe presence of OXTR alleles in women with enhanced pain sensitivity suggests a phenotype of genetic risk for ongoing breast and nipple with potential for pain-associated breastfeeding cessation. Somatosensory testing identified women who reported higher breast and nipple pain during the first weeks of breastfeeding.Clinical ImplicationsPain sensitivity testing can help to identify women at risk of intolerable and/or ongoing breastfeeding pain who may benefit from additional support to mitigate early breastfeeding cessation. Targeted interventions are needed to address breastfeeding pain, including management of infant latch, positioning, and infection as well as support for self-management of breastfeeding pain.
Mu oscillations and motor imagery performance: A reflection of success, not ability
Authors: Chen Yvonne Y , Lambert Kathryn , Madan Christopher R , Singhal Anthony 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMotor imagery, or our ability to imagine movement without actually engaging in the action, has been an increasingly popular tool in rehabilitation settings. Understanding its neural underpinning is crucial for further development of new interventions. Using scalp electroencephalography (EEG), many studies have shown that mu oscillations (8-13 Hz), a variant of the alpha band recorded over the motor cortex electrodes, are involved in both the imagination and performance of movements; however, the exact relationship between mu oscillations and motor imagery is unclear. To further our understanding of the functional significance of mu oscillations and their role in both motor learning and motor performance, our study sought to investigate how suppression in mu oscillations varies during a motor imagery task according to both within subject imagery success and between subject imagery ability. We examined EEG activity while a large sample of participants performed an objective test of motor imagery ability (Test of Ability in Movement Imagery, TAMI). Results demonstrated that mu oscillatory activity significantly decreased during successful imagery trials as compared to unsuccessful ones. However, the extent of reduction in mu oscillations did not correlate with individual imagery ability. These results provide further support for the involvement of mu oscillations in motor behaviours and indicate that suppression in mu oscillations may serve as an important index for determining successful motor imagery performance within an individual. The processes that underlie this success are likely similar to those that underlie successful motor execution, given motor imagery’s proposed functional equivalence to motor imagery.
Dynamic tracking and identification of tissue-specific secretory proteins in the circulation of live mice
Authors: Kim Kwang-eun , Park Isaac , Kim Jeesoo , Kang Myeong-Gyun , Choi Won Gun , Shin Hyemi , Kim Jong-Seo , Rhee Hyun-Woo , Suh Jae Myoung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHere we describeiSLET (in situSecretory proteinLabeling viaER-anchoredTurboID) which labels secretory pathway proteins as they transit through the ER-lumen to enable dynamic tracking of tissue-specific secreted proteomesin vivo. We expressediSLET in the mouse liver and demonstrated efficientin situlabeling of the liver-specific secreted proteome which could be tracked and identified within circulating blood plasma.iSLET is a versatile and powerful tool for studying spatiotemporal dynamics of secretory proteins, a valuable class of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Splitting sleep between the night and a daytime nap reduces homeostatic sleep pressure and enhances long-term memory
Authors: Cousins James N. , Leong Ruth L. F. , Jamaluddin S. Azrin , Ng Alyssa S. C. , Ong Ju Lynn , Chee Michael W.L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDaytime naps have been linked with enhanced memory encoding and consolidation. It remains unclear how a daily napping schedule impacts learning throughout the day, and whether these effects are the same for well-rested and sleep restricted individuals. We compared memory in 112 adolescents who underwent two simulated school weeks containing 8 or 6.5 hour sleep opportunities each day. Sleep episodes were nocturnal or split between nocturnal sleep and a 90-min afternoon nap, creating four experimental groups: 8h-continuous, 8h-split, 6.5h-continuous and 6.5h-split. Declarative memory was assessed with picture encoding and an educationally realistic factual knowledge task. Splitting sleep significantly enhanced afternoon picture encoding and factual knowledge under both 6.5h and 8h durations. Splitting sleep also significantly reduced slow-wave activity during nocturnal sleep, suggesting lower homeostatic sleep pressure during the day. There was no negative impact of the split sleep schedule on morning performance, despite a reduction in nocturnal sleep duration. These findings suggest that naps could be incorporated into a daily sleep schedule that provides sufficient sleep and benefits learning.
An Advanced Framework for Time-lapse Microscopy Image Analysis
Authors: Jiang Qibing , Sudalagunta Praneeth , Meads Mark B. , Ahmed Khandakar Tanvir , Rutkowski Tara , Shain Ken , Silva Ariosto S. , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTTime-lapse microscopy is a powerful technique that generates large volumes of image-based information to quantify the behaviors of cell populations. This method has been applied to cancer studies to estimate the drug response for precision medicine and has great potential to address inter-patient (or intertumoral) heterogeneity. A couple of algorithms exist to analyze time-lapse microscopy images; however, most deal with very high-resolution images involving few cells (typically cell lines). There are currently no advanced and efficient computational frameworks available to process large-scale time-lapse microscopy imaging data to estimate patient-specific response to therapy based on a large population of primary cells. In this paper, we propose a robust and user-friendly pipeline to preprocess the images and track the behaviors of thousands of cancer cells simultaneously for a better drug response prediction of cancer patients.Availability and ImplementationSource code is available at:https://github.com/CompbioLabUCF/CellTrackACM Reference FormatQibing Jiang, Praneeth Sudalagunta, Mark B. Meads, Khandakar Tanvir Ahmed, Tara Rutkowski, Ken Shain, Ariosto S. Silva, and Wei Zhang. 2020. An Advanced Framework for Time-lapse Microscopy Image Analysis. InProceedings of BioKDD: 19th International Workshop on Data Mining In Bioinformatics (BioKDD).ACM, New York, NY, USA, 8 pages.https://doi.org/10.1145/nnnnnnn.nnnnnnn
A Constrained Mixture Theory Model to Study Autoregulation in the Coronary Circulation
Authors: Gharahi Hamidreza , Beard Daniel A. , Alberto Figueroa C. , Baek Seungik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronary autoregulation is a short-term response manifested by a relatively constant flow over a wide range of perfusion pressures for a given metabolic state. This phenomenon is thought to be facilitated through a combination of mechanisms, including myogenic, shear dependent, and metabolic controls. The study of coronary autoregulation is challenging due to the coupled nature of the mechanisms and their differential effects through the coronary tree. In this paper, we developed a novel framework to study coronary autoregulation based on the constrained mixture theory. This structurally-motivated autoregulation model required calibration of anatomical and structural parameters of coronary trees via a homeostatic optimization approach using extensive literature data. Autoregulation was then simulated for two different coronary trees: subepicardial and subendocardial. The structurally calibrated model reproduced available baseline hemodynamics and autoregulation data for each coronary tree. The autoregulation analysis showed that the diameter of the intermediate and small arterioles varies the most in response to changes in perfusion pressure. Finally, we demonstrated the utility of the model in two application examples: 1) response to drops in epicardial pressure, and 2) response to drug infusion in the coronary arteries. The proposed structurally-motivated model could be extended to study long-term growth and remodeling in the coronary circulation in response to hypertension, atherosclerosis, etc.Key pointsCoronary autoregulation is defined as the capability of the coronary circulation to maintain the blood supply to the heart over a range of perfusion pressures. This phenomenon is facilitated through intrinsic mechanisms that control the vascular resistance by regulating the mechanical function of smooth muscle cells. Understanding the mechanisms involved in coronary autoregulation is one of the most fundamental questions in coronary physiology.This paper presents a structurally-motivated coronary autoregulation model that uses a nonlinear continuum mechanics approach to account for the morphometry and vessel wall composition in two coronary trees in the subepicardial and subendocardial layers.The model is calibrated against diverse experimental data from literature and is used to study heterogeneous autoregulatory response in the coronary trees. This model drastically differs from previous models, which relied on lumped parameter model formulations, and is suited to the study of long-term pathophysiological growth and remodeling phenomena in coronary vessels.