bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual versus jaw simulation in Oral implant education: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Baoping , Li Sihong , Gao Shuting , Hou Mingfang , Chen Hong , He Lulu , Li Yiting , Guo Yumeng , Wang Errui , Cao Rui , Cheng Jingyang , Li Ruiping , Zhang Kailiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
This research aims to investigate the evaluation methods of teaching oral implant clinical courses and estimate the effectiveness of a virtual simulation platform.

Methods
Eighty second- and third-year undergraduates in Lanzhou University were recruited and randomized to either three experimental groups or one control group. The subjects undertook theoretical examinations to test their basic level of knowledge after training in similarly unified knowledge courses. Each student group then participated in an eight-hour operating training session. An operation test on pig mandible was conducted, followed by a second theoretical examination. The assessment consists of three distinct parts: a subjective operating score by a clinical senior teacher, an implant accuracy analysis in cone-beam computed tomography (angular, apical, and entrance deviation), and comparison of the two theoretical examinations. Finally, students completed a questionnaire gauging their understanding of the virtual simulation.

Results
There was no significant difference between the four groups in first theoretical examination (P > 0.05); the second theoretical scores of the V-J and J-V group (62.90 ± 3.70, 60.05 ± 2.73) were significantly higher than the first time (57.05 ± 3.92, P < 0.05), while no difference between the V (57.10 ± 3.66) and J (56.89 ± 2.67) groups was found. Thus, the combination of V-J was effective in improving students’ theoretical scores. The V-J and J-V groups had higher scores on operation (73.98 ± 4.58, 71.85 ± 4.67) and showed better implant precision.

Conclusion
Virtual simulation education, especially with a jaw simulation model, could improve students’ implantology achievements and training. Currently study found that the V-J group may performed better than the J-V group in oral implant teaching.
Pharmacy students’ attitudes toward patient safety in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alwhaibi Monira , AlRuthia Yazed , Almalag Haya , Alkofide Hadeel , Balkhi Bander , Almejel Amani , Alshammari Fahad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
There is a growing recognition of the importance of teaching patient safety to medical students to improve healthcare and minimize patients’ harm; however, few studies evaluated the attitudes of pharmacy students toward patient safety. The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes toward patient safety among pharmacy students in Saudi Arabia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacy students from four different universities using a self-administered questionnaire. The Attitudes to Patient Safety Questionnaire III (APSQ-III) was used to measure the attitude toward patient safety. The data were presented using descriptive statistics, such as percentages and means, and compared across gender using Student’s t-test.

Results
All of the students who agreed to participate and signed the consent form have completed the questionnaire. Of the 347 pharmacy students who participated in the study; 63% were enrolled in the Doctor of Pharmacy Program and 37% were enrolled in the Bachelor of Pharmaceutical Sciences program. Only 46% of the participants received courses for patient safety mainly in the fourth year of their pharmacy program, and around 93% were interested to learn more about patient safety. A more positive attitude toward patient safety was reported in the domain of ‘confidence to report errors’, ‘working hours as error cause’, ‘patient involvement in reducing error’, and ‘team functioning’. However, most negative attitudes were reported in the domains of ‘Error inevitability’ and ‘Disclosure responsibility’. Gender differences were noticed in the attitude toward patient safety; female students had more positive attitudes in most domains of patient safety.

Conclusions
Around one-half of the surveyed pharmacy students did not receive any courses on patient safety. Our findings emphasize the need for including patient safety courses in the curricula of the different pharmacy programs given the patient safety training importance in improving the quality of patient care.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of Parkinson’s disease and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome reveals shared susceptible cellular network processes
Authors: Hendrickx Diana M. , Glaab Enrico 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) are two heterogeneous disorders, which both display molecular and clinical alterations associated with the aging process. However, similarities and differences between molecular changes in these two disorders have not yet been investigated systematically at the level of individual biomolecules and shared molecular network alterations.

Methods
Here, we perform a comparative meta-analysis and network analysis of human transcriptomics data from case-control studies for both diseases to investigate common susceptibility genes and sub-networks in PD and HGPS. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and primary melanoma (PM) were included as controls to confirm that the identified overlapping susceptibility genes for PD and HGPS are non-generic.

Results
We find statistically significant, overlapping genes and cellular processes with significant alterations in both diseases. Interestingly, the majority of these shared affected genes display changes with opposite directionality, indicating that shared susceptible cellular processes undergo different mechanistic changes in PD and HGPS. A complementary regulatory network analysis also reveals that the altered genes in PD and HGPS both contain targets controlled by the upstream regulator CDC5L.

Conclusions
Overall, our analyses reveal a significant overlap of affected cellular processes and molecular sub-networks in PD and HGPS, including changes in aging-related processes that may reflect key susceptibility factors associated with age-related risk for PD.
Successful biosynthesis of natural antioxidant ergothioneine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae required only two genes from Grifola frondosa
Authors: Yu Ying-Hao , Pan Hong-Yu , Guo Li-Qiong , Lin Jun-Fang , Liao Han-Lu , Li Hao-Ying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Ergothioneine (EGT) has a unique antioxidant ability and diverse beneficial effects on human health. But the content of EGT is very low in its natural producing organisms such as Mycobacterium smegmatis and mushrooms. Therefore, it is necessary to highly efficient heterologous production of EGT in food-grade yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Results
Two EGT biosynthetic genes were cloned from the mushroom Grifola frondosa and successfully heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118 strain in this study. By optimization of the fermentation conditions of the engineered strain S. cerevisiae EC1118, the 11.80 mg/L of EGT production was obtained. With daily addition of 1% glycerol to the culture medium in the fermentation process, the EGT production of the engineered strain S. cerevisiae EC1118 can reach up to 20.61 mg/L.

Conclusion
A successful EGT de novo biosynthetic system of S. cerevisiae containing only two genes from mushroom Grifola frondosa was developed in this study. This system provides promising prospects for the large scales production of EGT for human health.
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for l-malate production anaerobically
Authors: Jiang Youming , Zheng Tianwen , Ye Xiaohan , Xin Fengxue , Zhang Wenming , Dong Weiliang , Ma Jiangfeng , Jiang Min 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
l-malate is one of the most important platform chemicals widely used in food, metal cleaning, textile finishing, pharmaceuticals, and synthesis of various fine chemicals. Recently, the development of biotechnological routes to produce l-malate from renewable resources has attracted significant attention.

Results
A potential l-malate producing strain E. coli BA040 was obtained by inactivating the genes of fumB, frdABCD, ldhA and pflB. After co-overexpression of mdh and pck, BA063 achieved 18 g/L glucose consumption, leading to an increase in l-malate titer and yield of 13.14 g/L and 0.73 g/g, respectively. Meantime, NADH/NAD+ ratio decreased to 0.72 with the total NAD(H) of 38.85 µmol/g DCW, and ATP concentration reached 715.79 nmol/g DCW. During fermentation in 5L fermentor with BA063, 41.50 g/L glucose was consumed within 67 h with the final l-malate concentration and yield of 28.50 g/L, 0.69 g/g when heterologous CO2 source was supplied.

Conclusions
The availability of NAD(H) was correlated positively with the glucose utilization rate and cellular metabolism capacities, and lower NADH/NAD+ ratio was beneficial for the accumulation of l-malate under anaerobic conditions. Enhanced ATP level could significantly enlarge the intracellular NAD(H) pool under anaerobic condition. Moreover, there might be an inflection point, that is, the increase of NAD(H) pool before the inflection point is followed by the improvement of metabolic performance, while the increase of NAD(H) pool after the inflection point has no significant impacts and NADH/NAD+ ratio would dominate the metabolic flux. This study is a typical case of anaerobic organic acid fermentation, and demonstrated that ATP level, NAD(H) pool and NADH/NAD+ ratio are three important regulatory parameters during the anaerobic production of l-malate.
Investigation of Bar-seq as a method to study population dynamics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion library during bioreactor cultivation
Authors: Wehrs Maren , Thompson Mitchell G. , Banerjee Deepanwita , Prahl Jan-Philip , Morella Norma M. , Barcelos Carolina A. , Moon Jadie , Costello Zak , Keasling Jay D. , Shih Patrick M. , Tanjore Deepti , Mukhopadhyay Aindrila 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite the latest advancements in metabolic engineering for genome editing and characterization of host performance, the successful development of robust cell factories used for industrial bioprocesses and accurate prediction of the behavior of microbial systems, especially when shifting from laboratory-scale to industrial conditions, remains challenging. To increase the probability of success of a scale-up process, data obtained from thoroughly performed studies mirroring cellular responses to typical large-scale stimuli may be used to derive crucial information to better understand potential implications of large-scale cultivation on strain performance. This study assesses the feasibility to employ a barcoded yeast deletion library to assess genome-wide strain fitness across a simulated industrial fermentation regime and aims to understand the genetic basis of changes in strain physiology during industrial fermentation, and the corresponding roles these genes play in strain performance.

Results
We find that mutant population diversity is maintained through multiple seed trains, enabling large scale fermentation selective pressures to act upon the community. We identify specific deletion mutants that were enriched in all processes tested in this study, independent of the cultivation conditions, which include MCK1, RIM11, MRK1, and YGK3 that all encode homologues of mammalian glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). Ecological analysis of beta diversity between all samples revealed significant population divergence over time and showed feed specific consequences of population structure. Further, we show that significant changes in the population diversity during fed-batch cultivations reflect the presence of significant stresses. Our observations indicate that, for this yeast deletion collection, the selection of the feeding scheme which affects the accumulation of the fermentative by-product ethanol impacts the diversity of the mutant pool to a higher degree as compared to the pH of the culture broth. The mutants that were lost during the time of most extreme population selection suggest that specific biological processes may be required to cope with these specific stresses.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate the feasibility of Bar-seq to assess fermentation associated stresses in yeast populations under industrial conditions and to understand critical stages of a scale-up process where variability emerges, and selection pressure gets imposed. Overall our work highlights a promising avenue to identify genetic loci and biological stress responses required for fitness under industrial conditions.
Mitochondrion-mediated iron accumulation promotes carcinogenesis and Warburg effect through reactive oxygen species in osteosarcoma
Authors: Ni Shuo , Kuang Yanbin , Yuan Yin , Yu Baoqing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Iron metabolism disorder is closely associated with several malignant tumors, however the mechanisms underlying iron and the carcinogenesis in osteosarcoma are not yet well understood.

Methods
Cell proliferation ability of osteosarcoma cell lines was measured by CCK-8, EdU incorporation and colony formation assays. Cell cycle analysis was detected by flow cytometry. The carcinogenesis of osteosarcoma was measured by soft-agar formation, trans-well and Wound healing-scratch assay. Warburg effect was detected by Seahorse respirometry assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured by Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probes. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of mitoferrin 1 (SLC25A37) and mitoferrin 2 (SLC25A28). Iron level in vitro and vivo was detected by iron assay kit. RNAi stable cell lines was generated using shRNA.

Results
Iron promoted proliferation, carcinogenesis and Warburg effect of osteosarcoma cells. Iron-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) played an important role in these processes. Iron accumulated more in mitochondrion than in cytoplasm, suggesting mitochondrion-mediated iron accumulation was involved in the development of osteosarcoma. Moreover, iron upregulated the expression of mitoferrin 1 (SLC25A37) and mitoferrin 2 (SLC25A28). Knock-down of mitoferrin 1 (SLC25A37) and mitoferrin 2 (SLC25A28) decreased the production of ROS. In addition, iron increased the expression of Warburg key enzymes HK2 and Glut1, and affected AMPK/mTORC1 signaling axis.

Conclusions
Mitochondrion-mediated iron accumulation promotes carcinogenesis and Warburg effect of osteosarcoma cells. Meanwhile, iron deprivation might be a novel effective strategy in the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Rural–urban disparities and factors associated with delayed care-seeking and testing for malaria before medication use by mothers of under-five children, Igabi LGA, Kaduna Nigeria
Authors: Babalola Obafemi J. , Ajumobi Olufemi , Ajayi IkeOluwapo O. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundFever in under-five children (U5) is the commonest presenting complaint in general practice and mothers’ recognition is an entry point for fever treatment, including malaria. This study describes rural–urban disparity in fever prevalence in U5, mothers’ malaria knowledge, care-seeking, testing for malaria before anti-malarial medication and the associated factors.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 630 mother–child pairs [rural (300) and urban (330)] selected randomly using a multi-stage sampling from 63 villages in Igabi LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Trained female data collectors administered a pre-tested structured questionnaire to collect information on mother–child demographic profiles, malaria knowledge, fever episodes in birth order last child in two weeks prior to survey, blood testing before anti-malarial use, and delayed care-seeking defined as care sought for fever > 48 h of onset. Malaria knowledge was categorized into good, average, and poor if the final scores were ≥ 75th, 50th–74th, and < 50th percentiles, respectively. Frequency, proportions, and odds ratio were calculated. Statistically significant was set at p-value < 0.05.ResultsThe median age (interquartile range) of rural mothers was 30 (IQR, 10) years compared to 27 (IQR, 6) years in urban. Of the 70.0% (441/629) U5 children with fever, 58.5% (258/441) were in rural settlements. A third of the mothers whose child had fever sought care. Mothers in rural settlements were 2.8 (adjusted OR: 2.8, CI 1.8–4.2, p < 0.01) times more likely to delay care-seeking for fever. Other significant factors were poor or no knowledge of malaria transmission, poor perception of malaria as a major health problem, and household size > 5. Also, mothers who had no formal education were four times more likely to receive anti-malarial medications without testing for malaria compared to their educated counterpart (adjusted OR: 4.0, 95% CI 1.6–9.9, p < 0.000).ConclusionsRural–urban disparities existed between fever prevalence in U5 children, care-seeking practices by their mothers, and factors associated with delayed care-seeking and testing the fever for malaria before anti-malarial medication. Fever treatment for high impact malaria elimination in Nigeria needs a context-specific intervention rather than ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach.
The feasibility of laparoscopic TSME preserving the left colic artery and superior rectal artery for upper rectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wei Hao-tang , Hu Wenqing , Sun Yueming , Zhang Qinyuan , Abe Masanobu , Du Zhuoran , Xu Yingying , Zong Liang , Hu Xiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic tumor-specific mesorectal excision (TSME) preserving the left colic artery and superior rectal artery is still a technically challenging procedure. We conducted this study to demonstrate the feasibility of this procedure for upper rectal cancer.

Methods
A total of 184 patients with upper rectal cancer were retrospectively analyzed in our cancer center between April 2010 and April 2017. These patients were treated with either laparoscopic TSME (n = 46) or laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) (n = 138). In the TSME group, the left colonic artery and superior rectal artery were preserved while they were not in the TME group.

Results
The operation time in the TSME group was longer than that in the TME group (218.56 ± 35.85 min vs. 201.13 ± 42.65 min, P = 0.004). Furthermore, the number of resected lymph nodes in the TSME group was greater than that in the TME group (19.43 ± 9.46 vs. 18.03 ± 7.43, P = 0.024). The blood loss between the TSME and TME groups was not significant. No mortality occurred in either the TSME or TME groups. One patient in the TME group underwent conversion to laparotomy. The total postoperative complication rates in the TSME and TME groups were 8.7% and 17.4%, respectively. There was no difference in severe complications between the two groups (anastomotic leakage and stenosis).

Conclusions
Laparoscopic TSME preserving the left colic artery and superior rectal artery can be safely conducted for upper rectal cancer.
Validation of a novel reconstruction method of laparoscopic gastrectomy for proximal early gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Yixin , Gao Jie , Wang Yibo , Tan Yulin , Xi Cheng , Ye Nianyuan , Wu Dapeng , Xu Xuezhong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecently, a novel surgical procedure, named as laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG) with double-tract reconstruction (DTR), has been reported to provide surgical benefits in the treatment of proximal early gastric cancer (EGC) over traditional laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG). These benefits include a lower incidence of some surgical complications and better postoperative nutritional status. However, the number of relevant studies is still too low to validate such benefits. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the surgical features, complications, and postoperative nutritional status of LPG with DTR in comparison to those of LTG.MethodsOnline databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE) were scoured for relevant studies published by April 2020. The quality assessment of the included articles was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Egger’s test was utilized to assess publication bias.ResultsNine studies (687 patients) were enrolled for this meta-analysis, and we found that LPG with DTR and LTG had similar surgical features. However, LPG with DTR was superior to LTG in the incidence of reflux syndrome [OR = 0.185; 95%CI 0.083, 0.414;P= 0.000], postoperative nutritional status (hemoglobin [WMD = − 2.326; 95%CI − 4.491, − 0.160;P= 0.035], vitamin B12 [WMD = − 13.072; 95%CI − 22.850, − 3.294;P= 0.009], and body weight [WMD = − 3.514; 95%CI − 5.579, − 1.449;P= 0.001]).ConclusionsLPG with DTR has better performance in the incidence of reflux syndrome and postoperative nutritional status compared with LTG. This surgical procedure may therefore have more benefits for patients with proximal EGC.
Syndecan-4/PAR-3 signaling regulates focal adhesion dynamics in mesenchymal cells
Authors: Valdivia Alejandra , Cárdenas Areli , Brenet Marianne , Maldonado Horacio , Kong Milene , Díaz Jorge , Burridge Keith , Schneider Pascal , San Martín Alejandra , García-Mata Rafael , Quest Andrew F. G. , Leyton Lisette 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSyndecans regulate cell migration thus having key roles in scarring and wound healing processes. Our previous results have shown that Thy-1/CD90 can engage both αvβ3 integrin and Syndecan-4 expressed on the surface of astrocytes to induce cell migration. Despite a well-described role of Syndecan-4 during cell movement, information is scarce regarding specific Syndecan-4 partners involved in Thy-1/CD90-stimulated cell migration.MethodsMass spectrometry (MS) analysis of complexes precipitated with the Syndecan-4 cytoplasmic tail peptide was used to identify potential Syndecan-4-binding partners. The interactions found by MS were validated by immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. The conducted research employed an array of genetic, biochemical and pharmacological approaches, including: PAR-3, Syndecan-4 and Tiam1 silencing, active Rac1 GEFs affinity precipitation, and video microscopy.ResultsWe identified PAR-3 as a Syndecan-4-binding protein. Its interaction depended on the carboxy-terminal EFYA sequence present on Syndecan-4. In astrocytes where PAR-3 expression was reduced, Thy-1-induced cell migration and focal adhesion disassembly was impaired. This effect was associated with a sustained Focal Adhesion Kinase activation in the siRNA-PAR-3 treated cells. Our data also show that Thy-1/CD90 activates Tiam1, a PAR-3 effector. Additionally, we found that after Syndecan-4 silencing, Tiam1 activation was decreased and it was no longer recruited to the membrane. Syndecan-4/PAR-3 interaction and the alteration in focal adhesion dynamics were validated in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells, thereby identifying this novel Syndecan-4/PAR-3 signaling complex as a general mechanism for mesenchymal cell migration involved in Thy-1/CD90 stimulation.ConclusionsThe newly identified Syndecan-4/PAR-3 signaling complex participates in Thy-1/CD90-induced focal adhesion disassembly in mesenchymal cells. The mechanism involves focal adhesion kinase dephosphorylation and Tiam1 activation downstream of Syndecan-4/PAR-3 signaling complex formation. Additionally, PAR-3 is defined here as a novel adhesome-associated component with an essential role in focal adhesion disassembly during polarized cell migration. These novel findings uncover signaling mechanisms regulating cell migration, thereby opening up new avenues for future research on Syndecan-4/PAR-3 signaling in processes such as wound healing and scarring.Graphical abstract