bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La alfabetización digital en el “Escritorio Familia” del Programa Conectar Igualdad: entre el manual de la netbook y el gobierno de la familia
Authors: Martinez Romagosa Maite 
Published: April 2020

Neste trabalho, estudamos como, através da articulação de diferentes gêneros e discursos, discursivamente se delineia a prática da "alfabetização digital" numa política pública argentina de "inclusão digital". Especificamente, trabalhamos em um corpus de textos produzidos no âmbito do Programa Conectar Igualdad (2010-2018).Inserimos nosso trabalho na perspectiva teórica e metodológica da Análise Crítica do Discurso (CHOULIARAKI; FAIRCLOUGH, 1999; FAIRCLOUGH, 1992a, 2003), e incorporamos as contribuições da Análise Crítica de Gêneros (MOTTA-ROTH, 2011; BONINI, 2010) para estudar as maneiras pelas quais diversas características genéricas são articuladas nesses textos e para problematizar a prática social que esses gêneros recontextualizam. Os resultados sugerem que, na articulação entre o gênero o manual didático e o texto de governança (FAIRCLOUGH, 2003), se constrói uma relação hierárquica de poder/saber entre a instituição e os beneficiários da política pública, que está ancorado num maior controle sobre a esfera privada e na instrumentalização do discurso público.
Localized total electron content enhancements in the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Edemskiy Ilya K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. This paper is dedicated to the investigation of localized TEC (total electron content) enhancements (LTEs), which were detected in the Southern Hemisphere via the analysis of global ionospheric maps. Using data from different years (2014, 2015 and 2018), we show the presence of LTEs almost independently of solar activity. We also show that LTEs are a phenomenon that can be observed in serial: at the same universal time (UT), similar enhancement can manifest themselves over several days. The intensity of LTEs varies depending on the solar flux and does not directly depend on the interplanetary magnetic field orientation; these events occur under both geomagnetically disturbed and quiet conditions. The highest LTE occurrence rate was observed during the period of local winter (April–September) in all years analyzed. The longest observed LTE series was detected during 2014 and lasted 80 d – or 120 d if we exclude two daily gaps.
Observation of a Negative Thermal Hysteresis in Relaxor Ferroelectric Polymers
Authors: Liu Yang , Haibibu Aziguli , Xu Wenhan , Han Zhubing , Wang Qing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHysteresis phenomena, including both electrical and thermal types, are essential to ferroelectric materials. The former, known as polarization‐electric field hysteresis, has been intensively studied in a wide range of ferroelectric materials. However, relevant experimental evidence on thermal hysteresis remains limited, especially in ferroelectric polymers, even though thermal hysteresis is crucial to the caloric effect, which is usually the largest near the phase transition. Here, the thermal hysteresis behavior in ferroelectric polymers is studied in terms of temperature‐dependent polarization upon heating and cooling. In contrast to common belief, a negative thermal hysteresis is observed in relaxor ferroelectric polymers, which is probably due to local stabilization of ferroelectric distortion induced by electric field. Using the polymer blend as a platform, it is further shown that the negative thermal hysteresis arises at the disappearance of long‐range ferroelectric distortion and the thermal hysteresis behavior may be effectively controlled through the blend approach. This study not only provides deeper insights into electrocaloric effect in ferroelectric polymers but also offers an approach to study the critical phenomenon in a ferroelectric system.
Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes: An Effective Arsenal for the Purification of Emulsified Oily Wastewater
Authors: Zhang Jichao , Liu Lifang , Si Yang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOil spills and the release of oily sewage from domestic and industrial activities have not only imposed a huge threat to all living beings in the ecosystem but have also exacerbated water scarcity. To address such issues, the development of advanced materials and technologies for the purification of emulsified oily wastewater has garnered great concern and become a central topic. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes with intriguing advantages, including tunable wettability, diverse structures, good connectivity, and ease of scalable production, have generated significant interest and are showing great promise for treating emulsified oily wastewater. Here, a systematic overview of the rational design and controlled fabrication of nanofibrous membranes toward the separation of oil‐in‐water emulsions is given. Some design considerations about the fabrication of membranes for emulsion separation are presented as a starting point for the discussion. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes with desirable wettability and rational structure are then introduced and classified as polymeric, inorganic, and hybrid membranes in terms of raw material components. The different design concepts, fabrication strategies, and performance characteristics of each type are comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, significant properties are presented, which are required by membranes in practical applications. Finally, the challenges and future development trends in this field are highlighted.
Albumin‐Mediated Delivery of Bioactive Peptides for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Du Yue , Shang Boyang , Yi Hongfei , Yuan Yongliang , Zhen Yongsu , Xu Jian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBioactive peptides are promising agents for therapeutic applications; however, their small size leads to poor stability, low bioavailability, and rapid renal clearance, so the widespread use is limited. To address these issues, fusing or conjugating peptides to suitable molecular scaffolds is required. Here, human serum albumin (HSA) is used as a delivery carrier for human β‐defensin‐2 peptide (HBD2) in production of HSA‐delivered defensin complex (ADDC) to facilitate its cellular uptake and transport to intracellular targets. Fusion or conjugation can improve the stability of HBD2, as well as extend its circulation time and promote its accumulation in tumors, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy. Herein, ADDC functions as a protective structure against the harsh external environment and serves as a passive tumor‐targeting agent. The data show that the combination of ADDC with clinically relevant drugs, such as Doxorubicin, Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Cetuximab, significantly increases the cytotoxicity of ADDC toward human pancreatic cancer cells. Bioinformatics analysis also reveals that ADDC may affect the metabolic processes, gene transcription, and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Collectively, ADDC exhibits tumor‐specific targeting capability, low systemic toxicity, and enhanced antitumor efficacy in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer.
Simultaneous determination of TUG‐891 and its metabolites in rat plasma using LC–HRMS with application to preclinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Yi Jiping , Chen Bin , Bao Yongzheng , Wang Jingyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, a simple and reliable LC–MS/MS method was first proposed for the simultaneous determination of TUG‐891 and its metabolites TUG‐891‐alcohol, TUG‐891‐aldehyde, and TUG‐891‐acid in rat plasma. The analytes and fasiglifam (internal standard) were extracted from plasma samples with acetonitrile and separated using an Acquity BEH C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 × 50 mm) with water containing 0.05% ammonium hydroxide and acetonitrile containing 0.05% ammonium hydroxide as the mobile phase. A Q‐Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer in full‐scan mode was used for mass detection, and the data analysis was obtained using a mass extraction window of 5 ppm. The calibration curves exhibited excellent linearity (correlation coefficient > 0.9981) in the concentration range of 0.5–1000 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/mL for all analytes. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision was less than 11.31%, and the accuracy ranged from −11.50 to 9.50%. The extraction recovery of the analytes from rat plasma was greater than 82.31%, and no obvious matrix effect was found. The established method was further applied to the pharmacokinetic study of TUG‐891, TUG‐891‐alcohol, TUG‐891‐aldehyde, and TUG‐891‐acid in rat after a single dose of 5‐mg/kg treatment of TUG‐891. The results demonstrated that TUG‐891 was rapidly metabolized into its metabolites and the systemic exposures of the metabolites were much higher than those of TUG‐891.
PLK2 modulation of enriched TAp73 affects osteogenic differentiation and prognosis in human osteosarcoma
Authors: Li Wenhu , Zhang Xianliao , Xi Xinhua , Li Yufa , Quan Hong , Liu Shifeng , Wu Liqi , Wu Penghuan , Lan Wenxing , Shao Yongjun , Li Haomiao , Chen Kebing , Hu Zhengbo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere are three subtypes of undifferentiated human conventional osteosarcoma (HCOS): osteoblastic osteosarcoma (OOS), chondroblastic osteosarcoma (COS), and fibroblastic osteosarcoma (FOS). HCOS also exhibits heterogeneous pathological maldifferentiation in individual patients. Currently, the mechanism regulating HCOS differentiation remains unclear, and therapies are ineffective. Osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) are markers of osteoblast maturation, and their expression is inhibited in HCOS. A previous study found that PLK2 inhibited TAp73 phosphorylation and consequent anti‐OS function of TAp73 in OS cells with enriched TAp73. TAp73 was also reported to regulate bone cell calcification. Here, OOS was found to have higher TAp73 levels and PLK2 expression than those in COS, which is correlated with HCOS maldifferentiation according to Spearman analysis and affects patient prognosis according to Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis. In the conventional OS cell‐line Saos2 and in patient‐derived xenograft OS (PDX‐OS) cells, increased PLK2 expression owing to abundant TAp73 levels affected OPN and OCN content as measured by RT‐PCR and Western blotting, and alizarin red staining showed that PLK2 affected calcium deposition in OS cells. In addition, PLK2 inhibition in PDX‐OS cells prohibited clone formation, as indicated by a clonogenic assay, and sensitized OS cells to cisplatin (CDDP) (which consequently limited proliferation), as shown by the CCK‐8 assay. In an established PDX animal model with abundant TAp73 levels, PLK2 inhibition or CDDP treatment prevented tumor growth and prolonged median survival. The combined therapeutic effect of PLK2 inhibition with CDDP treatment was better than that of either monotherapy. These results indicate that increased PLK2 levels due to enriched TAp73 affect osteogenic differentiation and maturation and OS prognosis. In conclusion, PLK2 is a potential target for differentiation therapy of OS with enriched TAp73.
Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization 4.0 for a Distillation Column
Authors: Asprion Norbert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSimulation is besides experimentation a key technology in design, analysis and operation of distillation columns. The reliability of simulations to answer questions concerning the real process strongly depends on model quality, which needs to be reliable and predictive. Usually available plant data can be used to validate and if necessary, to improve the model. In this contribution challenges and opportunities of a continuous model improvement in a flowsheet simulator with emphasis on new possibilities triggered by digitalization will be discussed.
Removal of Selected Micropollutants from Synthetic Wastewater by Electrooxidation Using Oxidized Titanium and Graphite Electrodes
Authors: Turan Nouha Bakaraki , Çaglak Abdulkadir , Bakirdere Sezgin , Engin Güleda Önkal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicropollutants cover a variety of compounds that mainly originate from the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors. Even at trace concentrations, the discharge of micropollutants into water bodies pose a serious threat to the environment and human health. Their removal from wastewaters at treatment plants before their discharge into the environment has become one of the leading topics of research. Physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods have been listed in the literature for efficient removal of a variety of pollutants. In this study, seven micropollutants, namely 4‐tert‐octylphenol, atrazine, 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol, fluoxetine, estrone, penconazole, and di‐n‐octyl phthalate, are spiked into municipal simulated synthetic wastewater and treated by a laboratory‐scale electrooxidation (EO) system using oxidized titanium and graphite electrode as anode and cathode, respectively. Sensitive determination of the selected micropollutants by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) before and after treatment is performed after their pre‐concentration using an eco‐friendly switchable solvent liquid‐phase microextraction method (SSLPME). The pH value, applied current, and reaction period are optimized to enhance the removal efficiency of micropollutants. Results show that the highest removal efficiency of all micropollutants is obtained at pH 3, 20 min reaction period, and 3 A applied current. The operational costs are also investigated in this study.
Synthesis and Spectral Properties of gem‐Dimethyl Chlorin Photosensitizers
Authors: Melissari Zoi , Sample Harry C. , Twamley Brendan , Williams René M. , Senge Mathias O. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChlorins that bear a gem‐dimethyl group, which facilitates their resistance to oxidation, are of interest for applications in photomedicine. Herein, we present the synthesis and the photophysical properties of two geminal‐dimethyl chlorins (dihydroporphyrins) and their free base counterparts that act as efficient singlet oxygen generators and thus exhibit potential for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) as anticancer or antimicrobial agents upon further derivatization. A complete characterization of their spectral and photophysical properties (Φf, Φisc, Φic, ΦΔ, τS, τT, kf, kic, kisc, kq) is accompanied by density functional calculations (DFT) as well as time dependent (TD) DFT to investigate the features of the frontier molecular orbitals.
Free space optical system design using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Malik Suman , Sahu Prasant Kumar 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe performance of the free‐space optical (FSO) communication system is severely affected by atmospheric properties and misalignment between transmitter‐receiver sections. These effects can be minimized by selecting the precise and proper value of operating parameters. The divergence angle can play a key role in mitigating the negative impact of deviation of an optical beam from its fundamental direction due to different adverse influences. In this paper, we have presented a particle swarm optimization model for determining the optimum divergence angle for designing an optimal FSO link. The FSO transreception quality depends on the medium properties which have a number of detrimental effects like rain, fog, haze, physical obstruction, scattering, and atmospheric turbulence. The proposed work investigate the optimum divergence angle with respect to the maximum deviation angle under different adverse conditions, as mentioned above. Taking into account these effects, the analytical expression of optical link margin and the optimum divergence angle with respect to the maximum deviation angle is derived. The results are analyzed for finding out the most suitable wavelength of the transmitter, transmitted power, link margin, and the link budget under different adverse conditions for reliable communication.
Parallel flowering time clines in native and introduced ragweed populations are likely due to adaptation
Authors: McGoey Brechann V. , Hodgins Kathryn A. , Stinchcombe John R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs introduced species expand their ranges, they often encounter differences in climate which are often correlated with geography. For introduced species, encountering a geographically variable climate sometimes leads to the re‐establishment of clines seen in the native range. However, clines can also be caused by neutral processes, and so it is important to gather additional evidence that population differentiation is the result of selection as opposed to nonadaptive processes. Here, we examine phenotypic and genetic differences in ragweed from the native (North America) and introduced (European) ranges. We used a common garden to assess phenotypic differentiation in size and flowering time in ragweed populations. We found significant parallel clines in flowering time in both North America and Europe. Height and branch number had significant clines in North America, and, while not statistically significant, the patterns in Europe were the same. We used SNP data to assess population structure in both ranges and to compare phenotypic differentiation to neutral genetic variation. We failed to detect significant patterns of isolation by distance, geographic patterns in population structure, or correlations between the major axes of SNP variation and phenotypes or latitude of origin. We conclude that the North American clines in size and the parallel clines seen for flowering time are most likely the result of adaptation.
Cones structure and seed traits of four species of large‐seeded pines: Adaptation to animal‐mediated dispersal
Authors: Zhang Man‐Yu , Su Chang‐Xiang , Lu Chang‐Hu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSeed dispersal selection pressures may cause morphological differences in cone structure and seed traits of large‐seeded pine trees. We investigated the cone, seed, and scale traits of four species of animal‐dispersed pine trees to explore the adaptations of morphological structures to different dispersers. The four focal pines analyzed in this study were Chinese white pine (Pinus armandi), Korean pine (P. koraiensis), Siberian dwarf pine (P. pumila), and Dabieshan white pine (P. dabeshanensis). There are significant differences in the traits of the cones and seeds of these four animal‐dispersed pines. The scales of Korean pine and Siberian dwarf pine are somewhat opened after cone maturity, the seeds are closely combined with scales, and the seed coat and scales are thick. The cones of Chinese white pine and Dabieshan white pine are open after ripening, the seeds fall easily from the cones, and the seed coat and seed scales are relatively thin. The results showed that the cone structure of Chinese white pine is similar to that of Dabieshan white pine, whereas Korean pine and Siberian dwarf pine are significantly different from the other two pines and vary significantly from each other. This suggests that species with similar seed dispersal strategies exhibit similar morphological adaptions. Accordingly, we predicted three possible seed dispersal paradigms for animal‐dispersed pines: the first, as represented by Chinese white pine and Dabieshan white pine, relies upon small forest rodents for seed dispersal; the second, represented by Korean pine, relies primarily on birds and squirrels to disperse the seeds; and the third, represented by Siberian dwarf pine, relies primarily on birds for seed dispersal. Our study highlights the significance of animal seed dispersal in shaping cone morphology, and our predictions provide a theoretical framework for research investigating the coevolution of large‐seeded pines and their seed dispersers.
Elevated resting heart rate in adolescent men and risk of heart failure and cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lindgren Martin , Robertson Josefina , Adiels Martin , Schaufelberger Maria , Åberg Maria , Torén Kjell , Waern Margda , Åberg N. David , Rosengren Annika 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aims to investigate the association of resting heart rate (RHR) measured in late adolescence with long‐term risk of cause‐specific heart failure (HF) and subtypes of cardiomyopathy (CM), with special attention to cardiorespiratory fitness.Methods and resultsWe performed a nation‐wide, register‐based cohort study of all Swedish men enrolled for conscription in 1968–2005 (n = 1 008 363; mean age = 18.3 years). RHR and arterial blood pressure were measured together with anthropometrics as part of the enlistment protocol. HF and its concomitant diagnoses, as well as all CM diagnoses, were collected from the national inpatient, outpatient, and cause of death registries. Risk estimates were calculated by Cox‐proportional hazards models while adjusting for potential confounders. During follow‐up, there were 8400 cases of first hospitalization for HF and 3377 for CM. Comparing the first and fifth quintiles of the RHR distribution, the hazard ratio (HR) for HF associated with coronary heart disease, diabetes, or hypertension was 1.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13–1.38] after adjustment for body mass index, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The corresponding HR was 1.43 (CI = 1.08–1.90) for HF associated with CM and 1.34 (CI = 1.16–1.54) for HF without concomitant diagnosis. There was an association between RHR and dilated CM [HR = 1.47 (CI = 1.27–1.71)] but not hypertrophic, alcohol/drug‐induced, or other cardiomyopathies.ConclusionsAdolescent RHR is associated with future risk of HF, regardless of associated aetiological condition. The association was strongest for HF associated with CM, driven by the association with dilated CM. These findings indicate a causal pathway between elevated RHR and myocardial dysfunction that warrants further investigation.
Seismic damage accumulation in multiple mainshock–aftershock sequences
Authors: Iervolino Iunio , Chioccarelli Eugenio , Suzuki Akiko 
Published: April 2020

SummaryEarthquakes are generally clustered, both in time and space. Conventionally, each cluster is made of foreshocks, the mainshock, and aftershocks. Seismic damage can possibly accumulate because of the effects of multiple earthquakes in one cluster and/or because the structure is unrepaired between different clusters. Typically, the performance‐based earthquake engineering (PBEE) framework neglects seismic damage accumulation. This is because (i) probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) only refers to mainshocks and (ii) classical fragility curves represent the failure probability in one event, of given intensity, only. However, for life cycle assessment, it can be necessary to account for the build‐up of seismic losses because of damage in multiple events. It has been already demonstrated that a Markovian model (i.e., a Markov chain), accounting for damage accumulation in multiple mainshocks, can be calibrated by maintaining PSHA from the classical PBEE framework and replacing structural fragility with a set of state‐dependent fragility curves. In fact, the Markov chain also works when damage accumulates in multiple aftershocks from a single mainshock of known magnitude and location, if aftershock PSHA replaces classical PSHA. Herein, this model is extended further, developing a Markovian model that accounts, at the same time, for damage accumulation: (i) within any mainshock–aftershock seismic sequence and (ii) among multiple sequences. The model is illustrated through applications to a series of six‐story reinforced concrete moment‐resisting frame buildings designed for three sites with different seismic hazard levels in Italy. The time‐variant reliability assessment results are compared with the classical PBEE approach and the accumulation model that only considers mainshocks, so as to address the relevance of aftershocks for life cycle assessment.