bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in metabolic syndrome and its components and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lee Min-Kyung , Han Kyungdo , Kim Mee Kyoung , Koh Eun Sil , Kim Eun Sook , Nam Ga Eun , Kwon Hyuk-Sang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe investigated the relationship of changes in Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in South Korea. Records of 10,806,716 adults aged ≥ 20 years without a history of T2D between 2009 and 2015 were retrieved from database of the South Korean National Health Insurance Service and analyzed. Changes in metabolic components were monitored over a two-year period with follow-up occurring at an average of 4.087 years. During the follow-up period, 848,859 individuals were diagnosed with T2D. The risk of diabetes was lowered with a decrease in the number of MetS components at baseline and the second visit (p for trend <0.0001). Multivariable-adjusted HRs for incident diabetes were 0.645 among individuals with reduced number of MetS components, 0.54 for those with improvement in elevated fasting glucose, 0.735 for those with improvement in elevated triglycerides, 0.746 for those with improvement in elevated blood pressure, 0.763 for those with improvement in reduced HDL-cholesterol, and 0.92 for those with improvement in abdominal obesity compared with those manifesting them at both time points. In conclusion, changes in metabolic syndrome and its components were significantly associated with the development of T2D. Improvement in MetS and its components attenuated the risk of diabetes.
The Adipocyte Acquires a Fibroblast-Like Transcriptional Signature in Response to a High Fat Diet
Authors: Jones Jessica E. C. , Rabhi Nabil , Orofino Joseph , Gamini Ramya , Perissi Valentina , Vernochet Cecile , Farmer Stephen R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVisceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) expands and undergoes extensive remodeling during diet-induced obesity. Much is known about the contribution of various stromal vascular cells to the remodeling process, but less is known of the changes that occur within the adipocyte as it becomes progressively dysfunctional. Here, we performed a transcriptome analysis of isolated vWAT adipocytes to assess global pathway changes occurring in response to a chronic high fat diet (HFD). The data demonstrate that the adipocyte responds to the HFD by adopting a fibroblast-like phenotype, characterized by enhanced expression of ECM, focal adhesion and cytoskeletal genes and suppression of many adipocyte programs most notably those associated with mitochondria. This study reveals that during obesity the adipocyte progressively becomes metabolically dysfunctional due to its acquisition of fibrogenic functions. We propose that mechano-responsive transcription factors such as MRTFA and SRF contribute to both upregulation of morphological genes as well as suppression of mitochondrial programs.
Ultrathin Assembles of Porous Array for Enhanced H2 Evolution
Authors: Islam Aminul , Hwa Teo Siow , Awual Md. Rabiul , Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSince the complexity of photocatalyst synthesis process and high cost of noble cocatalyst leftovers a major hurdle to producing hydrogen (H2) from water, a noble metal-free Ni-Si/MgO photocatalyst was realized for the first time to generate H2 effectively under illumination with visible light. The catalyst was produced by means of simple one-pot solid reaction using self-designed metal reactor. The physiochemical properties of photocatalyst were identified by XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, EDX, UV-visible, XPS, GC and PL. The photocatalytic activities of Ni-Si/MgO photocatalyst at different nickel concentrations were evaluated without adjusting pH, applied voltage, sacrificial agent or electron donor. The ultrathin-nanosheet with hierarchically porous structure of catalyst was found to exhibit higher photocatalytic H2 production than hexagonal nanorods structured catalyst, which suggests that the randomly branched nanosheets are more active surface to increase the light-harvesting efficiency due to its short electron diffusion path. The catalyst exhibited remarkable performance reaching up to 714 µmolh−1 which is higher among the predominant semiconductor catalyst. The results demonstrated that the photocatalytic reaction irradiated under visible light illumination through the production of hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals on metals. The outcome indicates an important step forward one-pot facile approach to prepare noble ultrathin photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water.
First Observation of a Spontaneously Matured Female European Eel (Anguilla anguilla)
Authors: Palstra A. P. , Jéhannet P. , Swinkels W. , Heinsbroek L. T. N. , Lokman P. M. , Vesala S. , Tulonen J. , Lakka T. , Saukkonen S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study reports on the first observation of a spontaneously matured female European eel. The 43-year-old eel, together with eleven other females, resided at an aquarium house since their capture in 2002 and stocking as glass eels in 1978. In June 2019, the girth of the belly of the female increased as a sign of oocyte maturation. The specimen had an estimated gonadosomatic index (GSI) of 47, only half of the oocytes were hydrated and matured, indicating that European eels are polycyclic batch spawners. The live eels of the cohort were still in the previtellogenic phase but their eye sizes were close to that of the matured eel. We hypothesize that substances released by other maturing and spawning fishes may have triggered puberty of the eel. This first observation, and the possibility of more eels maturing in the near future, provides a natural reference for the sexual maturation of the European eel.
Power of Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis in Rapid Microbial Detection and Identification at the Single Cell Level
Authors: Khan Muhammad Saiful Islam , Oh Se-Wook , Kim Yun-Ji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe demand for rapid, consistent and easy-to-use techniques for detecting and identifying pathogens in various areas, such as clinical diagnosis, the pharmaceutical industry, environmental science and food inspection, is very important. In this study, the reference strains of six food-borne pathogens, namely,Escherichia coli0157: H7 ATCC 43890,Cronobacter sakazakiiATCC 29004,SalmonellaTyphimurium ATCC 43971,Staphylococcus aureusKCCM 40050,Bacillus subtilisATCC 14579, andListeria monocytogenesATCC 19115, were chosen for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. In our study, the time-consuming sample preparation step for the microbial analysis under SEM was avoided, which makes this detection process notably rapid. Samples were loaded onto a 0.01-µm-thick silver (Ag) foil surface to avoid any charging effect. Two different excitation voltages, 10 kV and 5 kV, were used to determine the elemental information. Information obtained from SEM-EDX can distinguish individual single cells and detect viable and nonviable microorganisms. This work demonstrates that the combination of morphological and elemental information obtained from SEM-EDX analysis with the help of principal component analysis (PCA) enables the rapid identification of single microbial cells without following time-consuming microbiological cultivation methods.
Bioinformatics analysis of prognostic significance of COL10A1 in breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Mingdi , Chen Hongliang , Wang Maoli , Bai Fang , Wu Kejin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Collagen type X alpha 1 (COL10A1) is overexpressed in diverse tumors and displays vital roles in tumorigenesis. However, the prognostic value of COL10A1 in breast cancer remains unclear.
Methods: The expression of COL10A1 was analyzed by the Oncomine database and UALCAN cancer database. The relationship between COL10A1 expression level and clinical indicators including prognostic data in breast cancer were analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier Plotter, PrognoScan, and Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner (bc-GenExMiner) databases.
Results: COL10A1 was up-regulated in different subtypes of breast cancer. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) status and nodal status were positively correlated with COL10A1 expression. Conversely, age, the Scarff–Bloom–Richardson (SBR) grade, basal-like status, and triple-negative status were negatively related to COL10A1 level in breast cancer samples compared with normal tissues. Patients with increased COL10A1 expression level showed worse overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and disease-free survival (DFS). COL10A1 was positively correlated with metastatic relapse-free survival. GSEA analysis revealed that enrichment of TGF-β signaling pathway. 15-leucine-rich repeat containing membrane protein (LRRC15) is a correlated gene of COL10A1.
Conclusion: Bioinformatics analysis revealed that COL10A1 might be considered as a predictive biomarker for prognosis of breast cancer. Further experiments and clinical trials are essential to elucidate the value of COL10A1 in breast cancer treatment.
Intraoperative Evaluation of Essential Vocal Tremor in Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
Authors: Erickson-DiRenzo Elizabeth , Sung C. Kwang , Ho Allen L. , Halpern Casey H. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeEssential vocal tremor (EVT) is a prevalent and difficult-to-manage voice disorder. There is evidence that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) of the thalamus may be beneficial for treating EVT. The objective of this preliminary investigation was to conduct intraoperative voice assessments during Vim-DBS implantation in order to evaluate immediate voice outcomes in medication-refractory essential tremor patients with co-occurring EVT.MethodSeven adult subjects diagnosed with EVT undergoing Vim-DBS surgery participated in this investigation. Voice samples of sustained vowels were collected by a speech-language pathologist preoperatively and intraoperatively, immediately following Vim-DBS electrode placement. Voice evaluation included objective acoustic assessment of the rate and extent of EVT fundamental frequency and intensity modulation and subjective perceptual ratings of EVT severity.ResultsThe rate of intensity modulation, extent of fundamental frequency modulation, and perceptual rating of EVT severity were significantly reduced intraoperatively as compared to preoperatively. Moderate, positive correlations were appreciated between a subset of acoustic measures and perceptual severity ratings.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate a speech-language pathologist can conduct intra-operative evaluation of EVT during DBS surgery. Using a noninvasive, simple acoustic recording method, we were able to supplement perceptual subjective observation with objective assessment and demonstrate immediate, intraoperative improvements in EVT. The findings of this analysis inform the added value of intraoperative voice evaluation in Vim-DBS patients and contribute to the growing body of literature seeking to evaluate the efficacy of DBS as a treatment for EVT.
Volumenstatus bei Dialysepatienten
Authors: Schork Anja 
Published: February 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas Volumenmanagement mit Erreichen des Trockengewichts verbessert bei Dialysepatienten die Blutdruckeinstellung und die Herz-Kreislauf bedingte Sterblichkeit, bleibt jedoch eine Herausforderung in der Behandlung von Dialysepatienten. Überwässerung entsteht als vermehrte Wasseransammlung v. a. im interstitiellen Kompartiment und zeigt sich klinisch ab einer gewissen Menge (ca. 3 Litern) als Ödem. Zur Beurteilung des Volumenstatus sind nach wie vor die klinische Untersuchung und der Kontext zur aktuellen klinischen Situation ausschlaggebend. Laborchemisch kann erhöhtes NT-pro-BNP im Plasma eine Überwässerung anzeigen, ist gut zur Verlaufsbeurteilung geeignet und hat eine prognostische Bedeutung. Der Ultraschall kann insbesondere den intravasalen Volumenstatus, aber auch eine pulmonale Überwässerung einschätzen. Die Bioimpedanz-Spektroskopie liefert untersucherunabhängig einen litergenauen Wert der Überwässerung und ergänzt zusätzlich Informationen über die Fett- und Muskelmasse des Körpers. Insgesamt bleibt die Einschätzung des Wasserhaushalts ein Mosaik, das sich aus der Gesamtansicht aller Befunde ergibt.
Early Corrections after Failed Ankle Fracture Fixation
Authors: Marx Christine , Schaser Klaus Dieter , Rammelt Stefan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEven minor residual fragment malpositioning after internal fixation of ankle fractures is associated with a worse prognosis. Frequent causes for non-anatomical reduction are fibular shortening due to comminuted fractures or poor bone quality, translational or rotational malpositioning of the distal fibula within the tibial incisura with unstable syndesmosis injuries, and inadequately addressed bony avulsions of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. After operative treatment of fracture dislocations with syndesmotic fixation, in case of complex fracture pathoanatomy, and with suspected non-anatomic reduction in postoperative radiographs, computed tomography imaging of both ankles should be performed. Correction of relevant malreductions should be performed as early as possible in order to speed up rehabilitation and to avoid late sequelae due to a load shift or instability in a weight-bearing joint.
Patellofemoral Joint Stress during Running with Added Load in Females
Authors: Kujawa Molly , Goerlitz Aleyna , Rutherford Drew , Kernozek Thomas W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPatellofemoral joint (PFJ) pain syndrome is a commonly reported form of pain in female runners and military personnel. Increased PFJ stress may be a contributing factor. Few studies have examined PFJ stress running with added load. Our purpose was to analyze PFJ stress, PFJ reaction force, quadriceps force, knee flexion angle, and other kinematic and temporospatial variables running with and without a 9 kg load. Nineteen females ran across a force platform with no added load and 9.0 kg weight vest. Kinematic data were collected using 3D motion capture and kinetic data with a force platform. Muscle forces were estimated using a musculoskeletal model, and peak PFJ loading variables were calculated during stance. Multivariate analyses were run on PFJ loading variables and on cadence, step length and foot strike index. Differences were shown in PFJ stress, PFJ reaction force, peak knee flexion angle and quadriceps force. Joint specific kinetic variables increased between 5–16% with added load. PFJ loading variables increased with 9 kg of added load without changes in cadence, step length, or foot strike index compared to no load. Added load appears to increase the PFJ loading variables associated with PFJ pain in running.
Performing Antegrade Selective Cerebral Perfusion Using the AV Cannula: A Novel Approach
Authors: Venturini Andrea , Gallingani Alan , Asta Angiolino , Zanchettin Chiara , Zoffoli Giampaolo , Cannarella Antonio , Mangino Domenico 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAntegrade selective cerebral perfusion has become the preferred choice for brain protection during aortic arch surgery. To perform antegrade selective cerebral perfusion, cannulas have been introduced directly into the ostia of the supra-aortic vessels (SAV) after institution of hypothermic circulatory arrest and opening the aortic arch. We describe a different surgical technique with a new type of cannula for antegrade selective cerebral perfusion. This cannula, called AV (Andrea Venturini) cannula, has been designed to be introduced in the SAV directly using a standard guidewire technique (Seldinger's technique). The AV cannula can also be introduced from the ostia of the SAV if preferred. The AV cannula can be introduced before the institution of hypothermic circulatory arrest and before opening the aortic arch. One great advantage of this technique is that the ostia of the SAV remain free from a cannula, allowing the operator easier access and a faster anastomosis or reimplantation.
Robustness Testing of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Monotherapy Following Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
Authors: Steinberger Zvi , Xu Heng , Kazmers Nikolas H. , Chen Chi-Der , Caron Robert J. , Qin Ling , Zhang Yixin , Levin Lawrence Scott 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Immunosuppression risks are a major concern with vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). As an emerging strategy, the antirejection role played by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is receiving attention. However, the current literature reports are inconclusive regarding the robustness of the MSC monotherapy. Using a rat forelimb VCA model, this study tested the robustness of the immunomodulation efficacy of gingival-derived MSCs (GMSCs) and bone marrow–derived MSCs (BMMSCs).
Methods Forelimbs were transplanted on pairs of major histocompatibility complex–incompatible rats (Wistar-Kyoto donor, Lewis [LEW] recipient). Twenty-four LEW rats were randomly divided into four groups, including control (no treatment) and three treatment groups: rapamycin (2 mg/kg/day for 28 days, postoperatively), BMMSC and GMSC, both of which received donor-derived stem cells administered intravenously on postoperative days (PODs) 0, 3, 7, and 14. Rejection was considered as 80% skin necrosis of the allograft. Microcomputed tomography (µCT) was performed to evaluate healing at osteosynthesis site. On POD 14, limbs from each group underwent histological analysis and rejection grading using the Banff system.
Results Both BMMSC (15.0 days) and GMSC (14.7 days) treatment failed to prolong VCA survival in comparison with the control group (13.8 days; p > 0.050), while the rapamycin significantly delayed acute VCA rejection (24.5 days; p = 0.003). Micro-CT imaging revealed no gross visual difference across all groups. Histology revealed that the control group was most severely affected (grades III and IV) followed by MSC (grade II) and rapamycin (grade I).
Conclusion MSC monotherapy, both BMMSC and GMSC, did not inhibit rejection in our VCA model. Skin immunogenicity is an important issue in promoting rejection, and a concomitant immunosuppression regimen should be considered to prolong allograft survival.
Centrioles control the capacity, but not the specificity, of cytotoxic T cell killing
Authors: Tamzalit Fella , Tran Diana , Jin Weiyang , Boyko Vitaly , Bazzi Hisham , Kepecs Ariella , Kam Lance C. , Anderson Kathryn V. , Huse Morgan 
Published: February 2020

SignificanceCTLs fight intracellular pathogens and cancer by forming a close cell–cell interaction, called the immunological synapse with an infected or transformed target cell and then releasing toxic proteins directionally into the synaptic space. Directional secretion is thought to depend on the polarization of the CTL centrosome to a position just beneath the center of the synapse. We show here that CTLs lacking centrioles, which are the core structural components of centrosomes, unexpectedly retain the capacity for polarized secretion. Nevertheless, they kill target cells poorly because they fail to package toxic proteins effectively and form properly organized synapses. This paper establishes novel links among the centrosome, organelle maturation, and the dynamic architecture of cell–cell interfaces.
The typhoon-induced drying of the Maritime Continent
Authors: Scoccimarro Enrico , Gualdi Silvio , Bellucci Alessio , Peano Daniele , Cherchi Annalisa , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Navarra Antonio 
Published: February 2020

SignificanceMuch work has been done to quantify tropical cyclone (TC)-induced precipitation and its role in determining flood events. We identify the role of tropical cyclones in reducing precipitation over particular areas of the tropical domain. The significant reduction in the precipitation over the Maritime Continent when the TC season is particularly active is in line with the net reduction in westward water flow into the Maritime Continent atmosphere, induced by TC-associated circulation over the region.
Mesoscale structure of wrinkle patterns and defect-proliferated liquid crystalline phases
Authors: Tovkach Oleh , Chen Junbo , Ripp Monica M. , Zhang Teng , Paulsen Joseph D. , Davidovitch Benny 
Published: February 2020

SignificanceThin films readily buckle to relax compression, creating wrinkle patterns that may cover large portions of the solid. Predicting the arrangement of wrinkles in general settings is a major challenge that affects our understanding of stresses and deformations in textiles, biological tissues, and synthetic skins. We identify a mesoscale structure that arises from the incompatibility of uniformly spaced wrinkles and a spatially varying director, unraveling an organizing principle with analogs in liquid crystalline and superconducting states of matter.
Evaluating two ways for marking Swedish phonological length in written text
Authors: Thorén Bosse , Jeong Hyeseung 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The study compares two different graphic marking systems designed to help L2 learners of Swedish notice and
realize phonological length. In System A, 22 L2 learners read aloud three /VːC/ words with length marked under long vowels and
three /VCː/words with dots under short vowels. Twenty-two other L2 learners read the same words marked by the other system (System
B) that underlines long vowels and long consonants. As a control group, 20 native Swedish speakers read the same words without any
marking. We measured and compared the temporal realizations of the six words by all the three groups. System B readers realized
Swedish phonological length more closely to the way that native speakers did, compared to System A readers. These results suggest
that prompting both long vowels and long consonants can be more effective than marking long and short vowels.
Iconicity in syntax and the architecture of linguistic theory
Authors: Krivochen Diego Gabriel , Lacková Ľudmila 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Linguistic iconicity has been studied since ancient times (e.g., Plato’s Cratylus, see Cooper & Hutchinson 1997). Within modern grammatical description, this notion was
mostly developed by Jakobson and Benveniste; nowadays, iconicity in language is even being experimentally tested (e.g., Blasi et al. 2016; Diatka & Milička 2017).
However, most studies on linguistic iconicity pertain to prosody, sound symbolism, or morphology; syntactic iconicity has been
vastly underexplored. In this paper, we present two hypotheses concerning syntactic iconicity: (1) syntactic
descriptions of natural language strings have an inherent structure which is isomorphic to that of representations in some other
component of grammar or a non-grammatical system; or (2) linear order imposed on phrase structure is isomorphic to that in some
other component of grammar or a non-grammatical system. We will argue in favour of the former, which constitutes a novel
perspective on iconicity in grammar. We furthermore discuss the place that iconicity may have in the architecture of a generative
system.
Nominal classification
Authors: Feist Timothy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is often claimed that reference tracking is a key function of nominal classification systems, not least because of the role such systems can play in referent disambiguation. This paper reports on the results of a comparative study of reference in texts from four languages, focusing specifically on the disambiguating function of nominal classification. The results strongly suggest that disambiguation is not a primary function of nominal classification systems. While gender and/or classifiers sometimes contribute to the avoidance of referential conflict, the reality is that the conditions have to be just right – all competing references must be of opposing genders, and those genders must be formally distinct – and this happens with surprisingly low frequency. We are better off viewing disambiguation as a convenient by-product of nominal classification systems that a language can exploit when conditions allow.