bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced neural selectivity for mental states in deaf children with delayed exposure to sign language
Authors: Richardson Hilary , Koster-Hale Jorie , Caselli Naomi , Magid Rachel , Benedict Rachel , Olson Halie , Pyers Jennie , Saxe Rebecca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLanguage provides a rich source of information about other people’s thoughts and feelings. Consequently, delayed access to language may influence conceptual development in Theory of Mind (ToM). We use functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral tasks to study ToM development in child (n = 33, 4–12 years old) and adult (n = 36) fluent signers of American Sign Language (ASL), and characterize neural ToM responses during ASL and movie-viewing tasks. Participants include deaf children whose first exposure to ASL was delayed up to 7 years (n = 12). Neural responses to ToM stories (specifically, selectivity of the right temporo-parietal junction) in these children resembles responses previously observed in young children, who have similar linguistic experience, rather than those in age-matched native-signing children, who have similar biological maturation. Early linguistic experience may facilitate ToM development, via the development of a selective brain region for ToM.
Dynamic perceptual feature selectivity in primary somatosensory cortex upon reversal learning
Authors: Chéreau Ronan , Bawa Tanika , Fodoulian Leon , Carleton Alan , Pagès Stéphane , Holtmaat Anthony 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNeurons in primary sensory cortex encode a variety of stimulus features upon perceptual learning. However, it is unclear whether the acquired stimulus selectivity remains stable when the same input is perceived in a different context. Here, we monitor the activity of individual neurons in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex during reward-based texture discrimination. We track their stimulus selectivity before and after changing reward contingencies, which allows us to identify various classes of neurons. We find neurons that stably represented a texture or the upcoming behavioral choice, but the majority is dynamic. Among those, a subpopulation of neurons regains texture selectivity contingent on the associated reward value. These value-sensitive neurons forecast the onset of learning by displaying a distinct and transient increase in activity, depending on past behavioral experience. Thus, stimulus selectivity of excitatory neurons during perceptual learning is dynamic and largely relies on behavioral contingencies, even in primary sensory cortex.
Closed-loop atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopic imaging for nanoscale molecular characterization
Authors: Kenkel Seth , Mittal Shachi , Bhargava Rohit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAtomic force microscopy-infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopic imaging offers non-perturbative, molecular contrast for nanoscale characterization. The need to mitigate measurement artifacts and enhance sensitivity, however, requires narrowly-defined and strict sample preparation protocols. This limits reliable and facile characterization; for example, when using common substrates such as Silicon or glass. Here, we demonstrate a closed-loop (CL) piezo controller design for responsivity-corrected AFM-IR imaging. Instead of the usual mode of recording cantilever deflection driven by sample expansion, the principle of our approach is to maintain a zero amplitude harmonic cantilever deflection by CL control of a subsample piezo. We show that the piezo voltage used to maintain a null deflection provides a reliable measure of the local IR absorption with significantly reduced noise. A complete analytical description of the CL operation and characterization of the controller for achieving robust performance are presented. Accurate measurement of IR absorption of nanothin PMMA films on glass and Silicon validates the robust capability of CL AFM-IR in routine mapping of nanoscale molecular information.
The dynamics of overlayer formation on catalyst nanoparticles and strong metal-support interaction
Authors: Beck Arik , Huang Xing , Artiglia Luca , Zabilskiy Maxim , Wang Xing , Rzepka Przemyslaw , Palagin Dennis , Willinger Marc-Georg , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHeterogeneous catalysts play a pivotal role in the chemical industry. The strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), which affects the catalytic activity, is a phenomenon researched for decades. However, detailed mechanistic understanding on real catalytic systems is lacking. Here, this surface phenomenon was studied on an actual platinum-titania catalyst by state-of-the-art in situ electron microscopy, in situ X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and in situ X-ray diffraction, aided by density functional theory calculations, providing a novel real time view on how the phenomenon occurs. The migration of reduced titanium oxide, limited in thickness, and the formation of an alloy are competing mechanisms during high temperature reduction. Subsequent exposure to oxygen segregates the titanium from the alloy, and a thicker titania overlayer forms. This role of oxygen in the formation process and stabilization of the overlayer was not recognized before. It provides new application potential in catalysis and materials science.
A universal Bayesian inference framework for complicated creep constitutive equations
Authors: Mototake Yoh-ichi , Izuno Hitoshi , Nagata Kenji , Demura Masahiko , Okada Masato 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEvaluating the creep deformation process of heat-resistant steels is important for improving the energy efficiency of power plants by increasing the operating temperature. There is an analysis framework that estimates the rupture time of this process by regressing the strain–time relationship of the creep process using a regression model called the creep constitutive equation. Because many creep constitutive equations have been proposed, it is important to construct a framework to determine which one is best for the creep processes of different steel types at various temperatures and stresses. A Bayesian model selection framework is one of the best frameworks for evaluating the constitutive equations. In previous studies, approximate-expression methods such as the Laplace approximation were used to develop the Bayesian model selection frameworks for creep. Such frameworks are not applicable to creep constitutive equations or data that violate the assumption of the approximation. In this study, we propose a universal Bayesian model selection framework for creep that is applicable to the evaluation of various types of creep constitutive equations. Using the replica exchange Monte Carlo method, we develop a Bayesian model selection framework for creep without an approximate-expression method. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed framework, we applied it to the evaluation of a creep constitutive equation called the Kimura model, which is difficult to evaluate by existing frameworks. Through a model evaluation using the creep measurement data of Grade 91 steel, we confirmed that our proposed framework gives a more reasonable evaluation of the Kimura model than existing frameworks. Investigating the posterior distribution obtained by the proposed framework, we also found a model candidate that could improve the Kimura model.
Magneto-Hybrid Nanofluids Flow via Mixed Convection past a Radiative Circular Cylinder
Authors: EL-Zahar E. R. , Rashad A. M. , Saad W. , Seddek L. F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe goal of the current analysis is to scrutinize the magneto-mixed convective flow of aqueous-based hybrid-nanofluid comprising Alumina and Copper nanoparticles across a horizontal circular cylinder with convective boundary condition. The energy equation is modelled by interpolating the non-linear radiation phenomenon with the assisting and opposing flows. The original equations describing the magneto-hybrid nanofluid motion and energy are converted into non-dimensional equations and solved numerically using a new hybrid linearization-Chebyshev spectral method (HLCSM). HLCSM is a high order spectral semi-analytical numerical method that results in an analytical solution in η-direction and thereby the solution is valid in overall the η-domain, not only at the grid points. The impacts of diverse parameters on the allied apportionment are inspected, and the fallouts are described graphically in the investigation. The physical quantities of interest containing the drag coefficient and the heat transfer rate are predestined versus fundamental parameters, and their outcomes are elucidated. It is witnessed that both drag coefficient and Nusselt number have greater magnitude for Cu-water followed by hybrid nanofluid and Al2O3-water. Moreover, the value of the drag coefficient declines versus the enlarged solid volume fraction. To emphasize the originality of the current analysis, the outcomes are compared with quoted works, and excellent accord is achieved in this consideration.
Prioritization of causal genes for coronary artery disease based on cumulative evidence from experimental and in silico studies
Authors: Shadrina Alexandra S. , Shashkova Tatiana I. , Torgasheva Anna A. , Sharapov Sodbo Z. , Klarić Lucija , Pakhomov Eugene D. , Alexeev Dmitry G. , Wilson James F. , Tsepilov Yakov A. , Joshi Peter K. , Aulchenko Yurii S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGenome-wide association studies have led to a significant progress in identification of genomic loci affecting coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. However, revealing the causal genes responsible for the observed associations is challenging. In the present study, we aimed to prioritize CAD-relevant genes based on cumulative evidence from the published studies and our own study of colocalization between eQTLs and loci associated with CAD using SMR/HEIDI approach. Prior knowledge of candidate genes was extracted from both experimental and in silico studies, employing different prioritization algorithms. Our review systematized information for a total of 51 CAD-associated loci. We pinpointed 37 genes in 36 loci. For 27 genes we infer they are causal for CAD, and for 10 further genes we judge them most likely causal. Colocalization analysis showed that for 18 out of these loci, association with CAD can be explained by changes in gene expression in one or more CAD-relevant tissues. Furthermore, for 8 out of 36 loci, existing evidence suggested additional CAD-associated genes. For the remaining 15 loci, we concluded that evidence for gene prioritization remains inconsistent, insufficient, or absent. Our results provide deeper insights into the genetic etiology of CAD and demonstrate knowledge gaps where further research is warranted.
Models and regressions to describe primary damage in silicon carbide
Authors: Bonny G. , Buongiorno L. , Bakaev A. , Castin N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) and SiC/SiC composites are important candidate materials for use in the nuclear industry. Coarse grain models are the only tools capable of modelling defect accumulation under different irradiation conditions at a realistic time and length scale. The core of any such model is the so-called “source term”, which is described by the primary damage. In the present work, classical molecular dynamics (MD), binary collision approximation (BCA) and NRT model are applied to describe collision cascades in 3C-SiC with primary knock-on atom (PKA) energy in the range 1–100 keV. As such, BCA and NRT are benchmarked against MD. Particular care was taken to account for electronic stopping and the use of a threshold displacement energy consistent with density functional theory and experiment. Models and regressions are developed to characterize the primary damage in terms of number of stable Frenkel pairs and their cluster size distribution, anti-sites, and defect type. As such, an accurate cascade database is developed with simple descriptors. One of the main results shows that the defect cluster size distribution follows the geometric distribution rather than a power law.
Ecological opportunity and upward prey-predator radiation cascades
Authors: Pontarp Mikael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA general goal in community ecology and evolutionary biology is to understand how diversity has arisen. In our attempts to reach such goals we become increasingly aware of interacting ecological and evolutionary processes shaping biodiversity. Ecological opportunity and adaptive radiations can, for example, drive diversification in competitive communities but little is known about how such processes propagate through trophic levels in adaptive radiation cascades. I use an eco-evolutionary model of trait-based ecological interactions and micro-evolutionary processes to investigate the macro-evolutionary aspects of predator diversification in such cascades. Prey diversification facilitates predator radiation through predator feeding opportunity and disruptive selection. Predator radiation, however, often disconnects from the prey radiation as the diversification progresses. Only when predators have an intermediate niche width, high predatory efficiency, and high evolutionary potential can radiation cascades be maintained over macro-evolutionary time scales. These results provide expectations for predator response to prey divergence and insight into eco-evolutionary feedbacks between trophic levels. Such expectations are crucial for future studies that aim for a better understanding of how diversity is generated and maintained in complex communities.
Voxels Optimization in 3D Laser Nanoprinting
Authors: Bougdid Yahya , Sekkat Zouheir 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVoxels, the 3D equivalent of 2D pixels, are obtained by individual point exposures in 3D laser nanoprinting, and are the building blocks of laser printed 3D micro/nano-structures, and their optimization is important in determining the resolution of printed 3D objects. Here, we report what is believed the first detailed study of the voxel size dependence on the z-potion of the laser spot in 3D nano-printing. That is, we study the evolution and the low-limit size (diameter and length) of voxels fabricated in the vicinity of the substrate/resin interface. We use two-photon absorption in a photopolymerizable resin, and we vary the position of the laser’s focal spot, with respect to the cover glass/resin interface; i.e. in the longitudinal direction (z-direction). We found that the minimum lateral and the longitudinal sizes of complete voxels depend on the extent of penetration of the laser focal spot inside the resin. Truncated voxels, which are fabricated by partial overlap of the resin and the laser spot, allow for the fabrication of nano-features that are not diffraction limited, and we achieved near 100 nm feature sizes in our 3D fabricated objects. Our work is of central interest to 3D nanoprinting, since it addresses the spatial resolution of 3D printing technology, and might have potential impact for industry.
A comparative study on the micro-surface characteristics at black shale initial oxidation stage
Authors: Li Qi , Zhu Baolong , Li Jing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe pyrite oxidation is crucial to the overall black shale oxidation process. A. ferrooxidans was documented an effective oxidation ability on pure pyrite, but its role in black shale oxidation is unclear. In this study, a comparative study of acid solution and A. ferrooxidans on the micro-surface characteristics at the initial stage (7 days) was conducted on black shale slices, a comprehensive approach combining the micro-morphologies, micro-structures, micro-environmental pH and micro-surface elemental content were investigated by using polarizing microscopies, SEM, fluorescent staining and EDX line scan analysis. The pyrite oxidation rate was employed to the index for black shale oxidation degree, and analyzed by XRD, aqueous pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), ferrous and ferric ions concentrations measurement. The results show that the micro-surface characteristics are different in acid solution and A. ferrooxidans groups, which significantly impact the pyrite oxidation rate. A. ferrooxidans promote the jarosite formation and elemental C accumulation on the rocks micro-surface, which is assumed to inhibit further reactions. Two reaction phases named “pyrite oxidized phase” and “jarosite formation phase” are proposed to occur in the initial stage of A. ferrooxidans oxidizing black shale. These findings provide experimental data to evaluate the micro-surface reactions during black shale oxidation process.
Synthesis and catalytic performance of polydopamine supported metal nanoparticles
Authors: Li Haoqi , Xi Jiaxin , Donaghue Adrienne G. , Keum Jong , Zhao Yao , An Ke , McKenzie Erica R. , Ren Fei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolydopamine (PDA) is an emerging nature-inspired biopolymer material that possesses many interesting properties including self-assembly and universal adhesion. PDA is also able to form coordination bonds with various metal ions, which can be reduced to metal nanoparticles (NPs) as a result of thermal annealing under protective environment. In this study, PDA has been utilized as a support material to synthesize Pt NPs in an aqueous solution at room temperature. The catalytic performance of the resulting PDA-Pt nanocomposite was evaluated using an electrochemical workstation which showed comparable activity to Pt/C material for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Furthermore, Cu, Ni, and Cu–Ni NPs supported on PDA were also obtained using this strategy with assistance of subsequent thermal annealing. The phase evolution of the NPs was studied by in-situ X-ray diffraction while the morphology of the nanoparticles was investigated using electron microscopic techniques. Preliminary results showed the NPs supported on PDA also possessed HER activity. This work demonstrates that PDA can be utilized as a potential support for synthesis of metal NPs that can be exploited in engineering applications such as catalysts.
Horseback riding pathways and harbors at the beginning of the colonial era in Mexico
Authors: Lugo Igor , Alatriste-Contreras Martha G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe introduction of horses in the New World changed the way of traveling on complex terrains. This change reconfigured the land transport network connecting harbors in the region. However, data of horseback riding pathways among harbors is scarce. We analyzed the case of Mexico at the beginning of the colonial period to recreate routes that connected ancient harbors and to identify the network characteristics of a large-scale system of routes. We used the complex systems approach as a framework in which we applied the least cost path analysis to reconstruct a network of horseback paths, and we computed the node betweenness centrality to identify the most probable locations that controlled de flow of travels. Findings suggest that horses modified the transportation system by expanding the connections and increasing the speed of traveling across the New Spain territory. The node betweenness centrality suggests that some locations organized the flow of traveling based on a few harbors located at the central region. Therefore, the horse allowed the Spaniards to reshape the spatial organization in the colonial era in Mexico.
Guidelines for wrist-worn consumer wearable assessment of heart rate in biobehavioral research
Authors: Nelson Benjamin W. , Low Carissa A. , Jacobson Nicholas , Areán Patricia , Torous John , Allen Nicholas B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearchers have increasingly begun to use consumer wearables or wrist-worn smartwatches and fitness monitors for measurement of cardiovascular psychophysiological processes related to mental and physical health outcomes. These devices have strong appeal because they allow for continuous, scalable, unobtrusive, and ecologically valid data collection of cardiac activity in “big data” studies. However, replicability and reproducibility may be hampered moving forward due to the lack of standardization of data collection and processing procedures, and inconsistent reporting of technological factors (e.g., device type, firmware versions, and sampling rate), biobehavioral variables (e.g., body mass index, wrist dominance and circumference), and participant demographic characteristics, such as skin tone, that may influence heart rate measurement. These limitations introduce unnecessary noise into measurement, which can cloud interpretation and generalizability of findings. This paper provides a brief overview of research using commercial wearable devices to measure heart rate, reviews literature on device accuracy, and outlines the challenges that non-standardized reporting pose for the field. We also discuss study design, technological, biobehavioral, and demographic factors that can impact the accuracy of the passive sensing of heart rate measurements, and provide guidelines and corresponding checklist handouts for future study data collection and design, data cleaning and processing, analysis, and reporting that may help ameliorate some of these barriers and inconsistencies in the literature.
Spatial molecular-dynamically ordered NMR spectroscopy of intact bodies and heterogeneous systems
Authors: Ito Kengo , Tsuboi Yuuri , Kikuchi Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNoninvasive evaluation of the spatial distribution of chemical composition and diffusion behavior of materials is becoming possible by advanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse sequence editing. However, there is room for improvement in the spectral resolution and analytical method for application to heterogeneous samples. Here, we develop applications for comprehensively evaluating compounds and their dynamics in intact bodies and heterogeneous systems from NMR data, including spatial z-position, chemical shift, and diffusion or relaxation. This experiment is collectively named spatial molecular-dynamically ordered spectroscopy (SMOOSY). Pseudo-three-dimensional (3D) SMOOSY spectra of an intact shrimp and two heterogeneous systems are recorded to evaluate this methodology. Information about dynamics is mapped onto two-dimensional (2D) chemical shift imaging spectra using a pseudo-spectral imaging method with a processing tool named SMOOSY processor. Pseudo-2D SMOOSY spectral images can non-invasively assess the different dynamics of the compounds at each spatial z-position of the shrimp’s body and two heterogeneous systems.
Metallically gradated silicon nanowire and palladium nanoparticle composites as robust hydrogenation catalysts
Authors: Yamada Yoichi M. A. , Baek Heeyoel , Sato Takuma , Nakao Aiko , Uozumi Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHeterogeneous catalysis of alkenes to alkanes is of great importance in chemical industry, but more efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalysts are still demanded. Here, we report a metallically gradated composite of a silicon nanowire array and palladium nanoparticles which are reused for the hydrogenation of an alkene. The catalyst promotes the hydrogenation of stilbene with atmospheric hydrogen (0.1 MPa) to give diphenylethane quantitatively. The recovered catalyst can be reused, and mediates the reaction without loss of yield more than one hundred times, whereas the stability of Pd/C degrades rapidly over 10 cycles of reuse. The catalyst allows the hydrogenation of a variety of alkenes, including tetra-substituted olefins. Structural investigation reveals that palladium nanoparticles are metallically gradated onto the silicon nanowire array under mild conditions by agglomeration of palladium silicide, as confirmed by XAFS and XPS together with argon-ion sputtering. This means of metal agglomeration immobilization may be applicable to the preparation of a variety of metal nanoparticle catalysts.