bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conspecific and heterospecific pheromones stimulate dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes during quiescence
Authors: Kaplan Fatma , Perret-Gentil Abigail , Giurintano Julie , Stevens Glen , Erdogan Hilal , Schiller Karl C. , Mirti Amaleah , Sampson Edith , Torres Cedric , Sun Jiayi , Lewis Edwin E. , Shapiro-Ilan David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAscaroside pheromones stimulate dispersal, a key nematode behavior to find a new food source. Ascarosides produced by entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) drive infective juvenile (IJ) emergence from consumed cadavers and dispersal in soil. Without ascarosides from host cadavers, Steinernema feltiae (EPN) reduce dispersal substantially. To determine whether other Steinernema spp. exhibit the same behavior, we compared S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae IJs without host cadaver pheromones. Unlike S. feltiae, S. carpocapsae IJs continued to disperse. However, S. carpocapsae IJs exhibited a temperature-dependent quiescent period. The IJ quiescent period increased at ≤20 °C but did not appear at ≥25 °C. Consistent with this, S. carpocapsae IJ quiescence increased from 30 min to 24 h at ≤20 °C over 60 days. The quiescent period was overcome by dispersal pheromone extracts of their own, other Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp. Furthermore, S. carpocapsae IJ ambush foraging associated behaviors (tail standing, waving, and jumping) were unaffected by the absence or presence of host cadaver pheromones. For S. feltiae, IJ dispersal declined at all temperatures tested. Understanding the interaction between foraging strategies and pheromone signals will help uncover molecular mechanisms of host seeking, pathogenicity and practical applications to improve the EPN’s efficacy as biocontrol agents.
Exploring Early Childhood Language Environments: A Comparison of Language Use, Exposure, and Interactions in the Home and Childcare Settings
Authors: Larson Anne L. , Barrett Tyson S. , McConnell Scott R. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis study was conducted in a large Midwestern metropolitan area to examine the language environments at home and in center-based childcare for young children who are living in poverty. We compared child language use and exposure in the home and childcare settings using extended observations with automated Language Environment Analysis to gain a deeper understanding of the environmental factors that may affect change in language outcomes for young children.MethodThirty-eight children, along with parents (n= 38) and childcare providers (n= 14) across five childcare centers, participated in this study. Each child completed a standardized language assessment and two daylong recordings with Language Environment Analysis to determine the number of adult words, conversational turns, and child vocalizations that occurred in each setting. Data were analyzed at 5-min intervals across each recording.ResultsComparisons between home recordings in this sample and a comparison group showed reliably higher rates of adult words and conversational turns in the home setting. Linear mixed-effects regression models showed significant differences in the child language environments, with the home setting providing higher levels of language input and use. These effects were still meaningful after accounting for the time of day, participant demographic characteristics, and child language ability.ConclusionsPractical implications for supporting child language development across settings are discussed, and suggestions for further research are provided.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12042678
Loss estimation, thermal analysis, and measurement of a large‐scale turbomolecular pump with active magnetic bearings
Authors: Bangcheng Han , Zan He , Xu Zhang , Xu Liu , Tong Wen , Shiqiang Zheng 
Published: March 2020

Temperature rise subjected to the copper losses and iron losses is an important issue for a magnetically suspended turbomolecular pump (MSTMP). In this study, the loss estimation, thermal analysis, and temperature rise measurement of a large‐scale MSTMP are investigated. The copper losses and the iron core losses of two radial magnetic bearings, a thrust magnetic bearing, and a brushless direct current motor (BLDCM) are predicted by the analytical models. Based on the predicted loss values, the heat generation rates in the different parts of the large‐scale MSTMP are calculated, then the thermal field of the prototype is analysed by the 3D finite‐element model. The maximum temperatures estimated for the rotor part and stator part are located at the rotor sleeve and the winding end of BLDCM, which are 68.5 and 55.2 °C, respectively. The loss calculation and thermal field prediction is validated by the temperature rise test in a prototype of large‐scale MSTMP with pumping speed of 4100 L/s, ultimate vacuum of 1.8 × 10−7 Pa, and rated speed of 21,000 r/min. The maximum error between the estimated and the measured temperature rise values is <5%.
High-resolution spectroscopy of flares and CMEs on AD Leonis
Authors: Muheki P. , Guenther E. W. , Mutabazi T. , Jurua E. 
Published: March 2020

Context.Flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are important for the evolution of the atmospheres of planets and their potential habitability, particularly for planets orbiting M stars at a distance <0.4 AU. Detections of CMEs on these stars have been sparse, and previous studies have therefore modelled their occurrence frequency by scaling up solar relations. However, because the topology and strength of the magnetic fields on M stars is different from that of the Sun, it is not obvious that this approach works well.Aims.We used a large number of high-resolution spectra to study flares, CMEs, and their dynamics of the active M dwarf star AD Leo. The results can then be used as reference for other M dwarfs.Methods.We obtained more than 2000 high-resolution spectra (R~ 35 000) of the highly active M dwarf AD Leo, which is viewed nearly pole on. Using these data, we studied the behaviour of the spectral lines Hα, Hβ, and HeI5876 in detail and investigated asymmetric features that might be Doppler signatures of CMEs.Results.We detected numerous flares. The largest flare emitted 8.32 × 1031erg in Hβand 2.12 × 1032erg in Hα. Although the spectral lines in this and other events showed a significant blue asymmetry, the velocities associated with it are far below the escape velocity.Conclusions.Although AD Leo shows a high level of flare activity, the number of CMEs is relatively low. It is thus not appropriate to use the same flare-to-CME relation for M dwarfs as for the Sun.
Störungen des Geruchssinns: Psychiatrisch-neurologische Bezüge und Diagnostik
Authors: Waldmann Sylvia , T. Lübke Katrin , Pentzek Michael , Pause Bettina M 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungUntersuchungen zur olfaktorischen Wahrnehmung bei psychiatrischen und neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen zeigen vielfältige Veränderungen auf psychophysikalischer, neurophysiologischer und anatomischer Ebene. Diese Veränderungen stellen sich zum Teil erkrankungsspezifisch dar. So wird z. B. die dysfunktionale Geruchswahrnehmung bei affektiven Erkrankungen mit anatomisch-funktionellen Überlappungen von geruchs- und emotionsverarbeitenden Arealen in Verbindung gebracht. Auf Basis der aktuellen Datenlange zur veränderten Riechfähigkeit bei Major Depression, Schizophrenie, Alzheimer-Demenz und der Parkinson-Erkrankung wird hier die Erfassung der olfaktorischen Wahrnehmung als zusätzlicher diagnostischer Marker bei neuropsychiatrischen Erkrankungen diskutiert. Dabei besteht die Notwendigkeit einer objektiven Erfassung der Riechfunktion über validierte Testverfahren, verknüpft mit Kenntnissen in der Interpretation der erhaltenen Befunde. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, die Veränderungen der olfaktorischen Wahrnehmung bei den genannten Erkrankungen darzustellen und ausgewählte, im deutschen Sprachraum verfügbare Verfahren vorzustellen und anwendungsbezogen einzuordnen. Eigene aktuelle Daten zur Validierung eines Geruchsdiskriminationstests (Düsseldorf Odour Discrimination Test) an einer klinischen Stichprobe werden vorgestellt.
Hintergrundtext zu Empfehlungen der DGPRM zu Struktur und Ausstattung von Akutkrankenhäusern bezüglich Physikalisch-medizinischer/Rehabilitativer Maßnahmen in Intensivmedizin und Intermediate Care
Authors: Sturm Christian , Glaesener Jean Jacques , Korallus Christoph , Reißhauer Anett , Schwarzkopf Susanne , Gutenbrunner Christoph 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungWissenschaftlicher Hintergrund, Erläuterungen, Definitionen von Begriffen, Literaturangaben und Empfehlungen zur Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin (DGPRM) zu Struktur und Ausstattung von Akutkrankenhäusern bezüglich Physikalisch-medizinischer/Rehabilitativer Maßnahmen in der Intensivmedizin und Intermediate Care. Konkrete Problemfelder und mögliche Maßnahmen werden erläutert. Sowohl für personelle Schlüssel als auch Therapiefrequenz und Dauer jeweils werden konkrete Empfehlungen benannt.
Recent Advances in Ruthenium-Catalyzed Carbene/Alkyne Metathesis (CAM) Transformations
Authors: Saá Carlos , Padín Damián , Varela Jesús A. 
Published: March 2020

Carbene intermediates have shown versatile applications in modern synthetic chemistry. Catalytic ruthenium carbene/alkyne metathesis (CAM) with readily available substrates renders an efficient procedure for the in situ generation of ruthenium vinyl carbene intermediates. Here, recent advances in synthetic applications of ruthenium-catalyzed carbene/alkyne metathesis (CAM) are highlighted.1	Introduction2	Ruthenium Vinyl Carbenes through Carbene/Alkyne Metathesis (CAM)3	Nonpolar Transformations of Ruthenium Vinyl Carbenes4	Polar Transformations of Ruthenium Vinyl Carbenes4.1	Intramolecular Ruthenium-Catalyzed [1,5]- and [1,6]-Hydride Transfer/Cyclization4.2	Heterocyclizations of Alkynals and Alkynones4.3	Heterocyclizations of ortho-(Alkynyloxy)benzylamines5	DFT Studies on the Stereoselectivity of the CAM Reaction6	Conclusions
Endoscopic Endonasal Odontoidectomy Preserving Atlantoaxial Stability: a Pediatric Case
Authors: Veiceschi Pierlorenzo , Pozzi Fabio , Restelli Francesco , Alfiero Tommaso , Castelnuovo Paolo , Locatelli Davide 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives We illustrate endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy for the Chiari-I malformation respecting craniovertebral junction (CVJ) stability.
Design Case report of a 12-year-old girl affected by the Chiari-I malformation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed tonsillar herniation, basilar invagination, and dental retroversion, causing angulation and compression of the bulbomedullary junction. Patient underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with reduction of ventricular size and resolution of gait disturbances, but she complained the Valsalva-induced headaches, hiccup, and dysesthesias in the lower limbs. Endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy was chosen to decompress the cervicomedullary junction.
Setting The research was conducted at University Hospital “Ospedale di Circolo,” Department of Neurosurgery at Varese in Italy.
Participants Patients were from neurosurgical and ENT (ear, nose, and throat) skull base team.
Main Outcome Measures A bilateral paraseptal approach was performed, using a four-hand technique. After resection of posterior edge of the nasal septum, the choana is entered and a rhinopharynx muscle–mucosal flap is dissected subperiosteal and transposed in oral cavity. The CVJ is exposed and, using neuronavigation and neuromonitoring, odontoidectomy is fulfilled until dura is reached, preserving the anterior arch of C1. Reconstruction is obtained suturing the flap previously harvested.
Results Postoperative course was unremarkable and the patient experienced improvement of symptoms. Postoperative MRI documented the appearance of tight cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) film anterior to bulbomedullary junction and in retrotonsillar spaces, opening of the bulbomedullary angle, and slight tonsils reduction. No CVJ instability was occurred with any need of posterior fixation.
Conclusion Endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy is a feasible approach for CVJ malformation. In this case, bulbar decompression was achieved preserving CVJ stability and avoiding posterior fixation.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/VIobocHfCuc.
Evaluation of the Modified Naranjo Criteria for Assessing Causal Attribution of Clinical Outcome to Homeopathic Intervention as Presented in Case Reports
Authors: Lamba Chetna Deep , Gupta Vishwa Kumar , van Haselen Robbert , Rutten Lex , Mahajan Nidhi , Molla Abdul Motin , Singhal Richa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to establish the reliability and content validity of the “Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy—Causal Attribution Inventory” as a tool for attributing a causal relationship between the homeopathic intervention and outcome in clinical case reports.
Methods Purposive sampling was adopted for the selection of information-rich case reports using pre-defined criteria. Eligible case reports had to fulfil a minimum of nine items of the CARE Clinical Case Reporting Guideline checklist and a minimum of three of the homeopathic HOM-CASE CARE extension items. The Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy Inventory consists of 10 domains. Inter-rater agreement in the scoring of these domains was determined by calculating the percentage agreement and kappa (κ) values. A κ greater than 0.4, indicating fair agreement between raters, in conjunction with the absence of concerns regarding the face validity, was taken to indicate the validity of a given domain. Each domain was assessed by four raters for the selected case reports.
Results Sixty case reports met the inclusion criteria. Inter-rater agreement/concordance per domain was “perfect” for domains 1 (100%, κ = 1.00) and 2 (100%, κ = 1.00); “almost perfect” for domain 8 (97.5%, κ = 0.86); “substantial” for domains 3 (96.7%, κ = 0.80) and 5 (91.1%, κ = 0.70); “moderate” for domains 4 (83.3%, κ = 0.60), 7 (67.8%, κ = 0.46) and 9 (99.2%, κ = 0.50); and “fair” for domain 10 (56.1%, κ = 0.38). For domains 6A (46.7%, κ = 0.03) and 6B (50.3%, κ = 0.18), there was “slight agreement” only. Thus, the validity of the Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy tool was established for each of its domains, except for the two that pertain to direction of cure (domains 6A and 6B).
Conclusion The Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy—Causal Attribution Inventory was identified as a valid tool for assessing the likelihood of a causal relationship between a homeopathic intervention and clinical outcome. Improved wordings for several criteria have been proposed for the assessment tool, under the new acronym “MONARCH”. Further assessment of two MONARCH domains is required.
Partial Infraspinatus Tendon Transection as a Means for the Development of a Translational Ovine Chronic Rotator Cuff Disease Model
Authors: Easley Jeremiah , Johnson James , Regan Daniel , Hackett Eileen , Romeo Anthony A. , Schlegel Ted , Broomfield Cecily , Puttlitz Christian , McGilvray Kirk 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective Rotator cuff tendon tears are the most common soft tissue injuries in the shoulder joint. Various animal models have been described for this condition, but all current translational animal models have inherent weaknesses in their ability to generate chronically degenerated rotator cuff tendons. The objective of this study was to evaluate a partial infraspinatus tendon transection model as a means of creating a chronically degenerated rotator cuff tendon in an ovine model and compare the injury characteristics of this model to those observed in human patients with severe chronic rotator cuff tendon injuries.
Study Design The infraspinatus tendons of six sheep were partially detached followed by capping of the detached medial section of the tendon with Gore-Tex. Human tissue samples of the supraspinatus tendon were harvested from patients undergoing primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty and served as positive controls of chronic rotator cuff tendinopathy.
Results Transected sheep tendons were characterized predominantly by an acute reactive and reparative pathological process as compared with the chronic degenerative changes observed in the human tendons. In contrast, the non-transected portion of the ovine tendon showed histological changes, which were more chronic and degenerative in nature when compared with the transected tendon.
Conclusion Overall, histological features of the non-transected portion of ovine tendon were more similar to those observed in the chronic degenerated human tendon.
The Clinical Implications of Spontaneous Hemorrhage in Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Hong Christopher S. , Jin Lan , David Wyatt B. , Shear Brian , Zhao Amy Y. , Zhang Yawei , Erson-Omay E. Zeynep , Fulbright Robert K. , Huttner Anita , Kveton John , Moliterno Jennifer 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Spontaneous hemorrhage into vestibular schwannomas (VSs) is rare and can render more rapid symptom onset and a seemingly poorer prognosis for an otherwise benign pathology. We describe our series of hemorrhagic VS (HVSs) and systematically reviewed the literature to better understand relevant clinical factors and outcomes.
Methods Retrospective case review series and systematic review of the literature using PRISMA guidelines.
Results Fifty-three patients with HVS met inclusion criteria. Compared with historical data for all VS, patients with HVS had relatively higher rates of perioperative mortality, significant preoperative facial weakness, and harbored relatively larger tumors. Regardless of the extent of resection (EOR), surgery for HVS resulted in significant improvement of facial weakness (p = 0.041), facial numbness (p < 0.001), vertigo (p < 0.001), and headache (p < 0.001). Patients with facial weakness tended to have larger tumors (p = 0.058) on average and demonstrated significant improvement after surgery, irrespective of EOR (p < 0.01). The use of blood-thinning medications did not affect patient health outcome. Histopathology of HVS samples showed an increased number of dilated/ectatic thin-walled vascular channels, reflective of potentially increased vascular permeability and hypervascularity.
Conclusion HVS may be an aggressive subgroup of VS, associated with a surprisingly high mortality rate. When features of HVS are identified on imaging, these patients should be treated expeditiously, especially given that facial nerve dysfunction, which is identified in more than half of patients with HVS, appears to be reversible. Overall, this study has significant implications in the management of VS, raising awareness of a small, but highly morbid subgroup.
Neuroblastoma olfatorio. Todo lo que el radiólogo debe saber
Authors: Navas-Campo Raquel , Moreno Caballero Leticia , Gasos Lafuente Ana , Tobajas Morlana Pilar , Séez Valero Eduardo , Gimeno Peribáñez María José 
Published: March 2020

ResumenEl neuroblastoma olfatorio (NBO) es un tumor maligno poco frecuente que se origina de las células neuroepiteliales olfativas. Su diagnóstico precoz es difícil debido a la poca especificidad de los síntomas que presentan los pacientes. Las pruebas de imagen juegan un papel importante en su diagnóstico y en la planificación quirúrgica, por lo que es importante que los radiólogos conozcan sus hallazgos y las diferentes clasificaciones que ayudarán a elegir el tratamiento más adecuado para cada tumor.
Use of Intensive Care Unit in Women with Severe Maternal Morbidity and Maternal Death: Results from a National Multicenter Study
Authors: Soares Fabiano M. , Guida José Paulo , Pacagnella Rodolfo Carvalho , Souza João Paulo , Parpinelli Mary Ângela , Haddad Samira Maerrawi , Cecatti José Guilherme 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective To assess the use of the intensive care unit (ICU) and its effect on maternal mortality (MM) among women with severe maternal morbidity (SMM).
Materials and Methods A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study on surveillance of SMM in 27 Brazilian obstetric referral centers. The analysis focused on the association between ICU use and maternal death according to individual characteristics and disease severity. Two multivariate regressions considering use of the ICU, age, ethnicity, adequacy of care and the human development index were performed to identify the factors associated to maternal death and maternal near-miss.
Results Out of 82,388 deliveries during the period, there were 9,555 (11.6%) women with SMM, and the MM ratio was of 170.4/100 thousand live births. In total, 8,135 (85.1%) patients were managed in facilities in which ICUs were available; however, only 2,059 (25.3%) had been admitted to the ICU. On the multivariate analysis, when the severity of the maternal disease was measured by the maternal severity score (MMS), the strength of the association between the use of the ICU and maternal death was greatly reduced, along with inadequate care and non-availability of the ICU at the facility. On the assessment of only the more critical cases (SMO, severe maternal outcome), the same pattern of association between ICU and MM was observed. In the models used, only inadequate care and MSS were significantly associated with MM.
Conclusion The current study indicates that the main variables associated with maternal death are the severity and adequacy of the case management, which is more frequent in ICU admissions. The use of the ICU without the stratification of the patients by severity may not produce the expected benefits for part of the women.
The “Ivy-Sign” in Moyamoya Disease—From MRI Pattern to Diagnosis
Authors: Gburek-Augustat Janina , Sorge Ina , Merkenschlager Andreas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMoyamoya disease (MMD) is characterized by bilateral, chronic progressive stenosis at the terminal portions of the internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches. The “smoke-like” appearance of the arterial collaterals in angiography gives the disease its name. The “ivy-sign” is the less-known magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern of this disease. The leptomeningeal collaterals present as diffuse signal enhancement at the brain surface in contrast-enhanced T1-weighted image and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences “as if overgrown with ivy.”We report on three patients with MMD in whom the “ivy-sign” was already present but misinterpreted in the initial MRI of the brain. The correct diagnosis was made only after repeated MRI.Using three case studies, we describe the difficulties in the interpretation of the “ivy-sign” as an MRI pattern. Knowledge of the “ivy-sign” can be helpful, especially in diseases predisposing to MMD. If this MRI pattern is present, MMD should be considered and MR angiography should be added.