bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The balanced scorecard for school management: case study of Thai public schools
Authors: Rompho Nopadol 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study aims to develop and empirically test the balanced scorecard for public schools in Thailand.Design/methodology/approachData were obtained from 3,351 public schools in Thailand. Structural equation modelling was used as a statistical tool to analyse the data.FindingsThe results showed that there are cause-and-effect relationships between students, internal processes and learning and growth perspectives in the balanced scorecard. Nevertheless, a relationship with the resources perspective was not found.Research limitations/implicationsThe sampled schools in this study might be different from normal public schools because these schools get some support from the private sector. Thus, the generalisation of the findings should be made with caution.Practical implicationsThe proposed balanced scorecard model that has been empirically tested in this study can be used in public schools to help manage their organisation. These schools can start with a generic model and modify it to suit their organisation.Originality/valueMost of the studies on the application of the balanced scorecard for schools did not test the validity of the framework because of the lack of available data. This study was among the first to empirically test the relationships between perspectives in the balanced scorecard model for public schools. Additionally, the balanced scorecard can be a useful tool for non-managers who work in public schools.
MEMS piezoresistive pressure sensor with patterned thinning of diaphragm
Authors: Kordrostami Zoheir , Hassanli Kourosh , Akbarian Amir 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to find a new design that can increase the sensitivity of the sensor without sacrificing the linearity. A novel and very efficient method for increasing the sensitivity of MEMS pressure sensor has been proposed for the first time. Rather than perforation, we propose patterned thinning of the diaphragm so that specific regions on it are thinner. This method allows the diaphragm to deflect more in response with regard to the pressure. The best excavation depth has been calculated and a pressure sensor with an optimal pattern for thinned regions has been designed. Compared to the perforated diaphragm with the same pattern, larger output voltage is achieved for the proposed sensor. Unlike the perforations that have to be near the edges of the diaphragm, it is possible for the thin regions to be placed around the center of the diaphragm. This significantly increases the sensitivity of the sensor. In our designation, we have reached a 60 per cent thinning (of the diaphragm area) while perforations larger than 40 per cent degrade the operation of the sensor. The proposed method is applicable to other MEMS sensors and actuators and improves their ultimate performance.

Design/methodology/approach
Instead of perforating the diaphragm, we propose a patterned thinning scheme which improves the sensor performance.

Findings
By using thinned regions on the diaphragm rather than perforations, the sensitivity of the sensor was improved. The simulation results show that the proposed design provides larger membrane deflections and higher output voltages compared to the pressure sensors with a normal or perforated diaphragm.

Originality/value
The proposed MEMS piezoelectric pressure sensor for the first time takes advantage of thinned diaphragm with optimum pattern of thinned regions, larger outputs and larger sensitivity compared with the simple or perforated diaphragm pressure sensors.
Understanding event‐related potentials (ERPs) in clinical and basic language and communication disorders research: a tutorial
Authors: McWeeny Sean , Norton Elizabeth S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvent‐related potentials (ERPs), which are electrophysiological neural responses time‐locked to a stimulus, have become an increasingly common tool in language and communication disorders research. They can provide complementary evidence to behavioural measures as well as unique perspectives on communication disorders. ERPs have the distinct advantage of providing precise information about the timing of neural processes and can be used in cases where it is difficult to obtain responses from participants, such as infants or individuals who are minimally verbal. However, clinicians and clinician–scientists rarely receive training in how to interpret ERP research.AimsTo provide information that allows readers to better understand, interpret and evaluate research using ERPs. We focus on research related to communication sciences and disorders and the information that is most relevant to interpreting research articles.MethodWe explain what ERPs are and how ERP data are collected, referencing key texts and primary research articles. Potential threats to validity, guidelines for interpreting data, and the pros and cons using of ERPs are discussed. Research in the area of paediatric language disorders is used as a model; common paradigms such as the semantic incongruity N400 and auditory mismatch negativity are used as tangible examples. With this foundation of understanding ERPs, the state of the field in terms of how ERPs are used and the ways they may inform the field are discussed.Main ContributionTo date, no review has focused on ERPs as they relate to clinical or communication research. The main contribution of this review is that it provides practical information geared toward understanding ERP research.ConclusionsERPs offer insights into neural processes supporting communication and can both complement behaviour and provide information that behavioural measures cannot. We encourage readers to evaluate articles using ERPs critically, effectively pushing the field forward through increased understanding and rigor.What this paper adds
ERPs have become more prevalent in research relevant to communication sciences and disorders. In order for clinicians to review and evaluate this research, an understanding of ERPs is needed. This review adds to the field by providing an accessible description of what ERPs are, a description of what ERP components are, and the most relevant commonly used components, as well as how ERP data are recorded and processed. With this foundational understanding of how ERPs work, guidelines for the interpretation of ERP data are given. Though few ERP studies currently have direct implications for clinical practice, we discuss several ways through which ERPs can impact clinical practice in future, by providing information that cannot be obtained by behaviour alone about the aetiology of disorders, and as potential biomarkers of disorder or treatment response.
Dental trauma experience and oral‐health‐related quality of life among university students
Authors: Bahho LA , Thomson WM , Foster Page LA , Drummond BK 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the impact of self‐reported dental trauma on oral‐heath‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of young adults and determine whether personality characteristics influenced how it was reported.MethodA cross‐sectional study was carried out using a sample of 435 university students. A questionnaire sought data on previous dental trauma. OHRQoL was assessed using the short‐form of the oral health impact profile (OHIP‐14); the outcome being one or more impacts occurring ‘fairly often’/‘very often’. Personality was assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS).ResultsThe participation rate was 87.2%. Dental trauma experience was reported by 110 participants (25.3%), and 242 (55.6 %) indicated previous dental caries experience. Among those with dental trauma history, one or more OHIP‐14 impacts was reported by 29.1% (with 21.2% among those with no history). Impact prevalence was higher among those who had previous dental caries experience (29.8%) than among those who had not (14.7%;P < 0.001). Higher PANAS negative affect scores were observed among those reporting one or more OHIP‐14 impacts (P < 0.001).ConclusionWhile dental trauma does not appear to have a negative impact on OHRQoL in young adults, past dental caries experience does. Negative emotionality influences self‐reported oral health.
Anti‐phospholipid antibodies and reproductive failures
Authors: Beltagy Asmaa , Trespidi Laura , Gerosa Maria , Ossola Manuela Wally , Meroni Pier Luigi , Chighizola Cecilia B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnti‐phospholipid syndrome (APS) recapitulates the link between autoimmunity and pregnancy failure: Acquired anti‐phospholipid antibodies (aPL) play a pathogenic role in pregnancy complications. The diagnosis of obstetric APS can easily be pursued when women present with laboratory and clinical features fulfilling the international classification criteria. Standard therapeutic approach to obstetric APS consists in the association of anti‐platelet agents and anticoagulants. Most patients achieve a live birth thanks to conventional treatment; however, approximately 20% fail to respond and are managed with additional therapeutic tools added on the top of conventional treatment. Surely, a refinement of risk stratification tools would allow early identification of high‐risk pregnancies that warrant tailored treatment. In real life, obstetricians and rheumatologists face complex diagnostic scenarios including women with pregnancy morbidities other than those mentioned in classification criteria such as one or two early losses and premature birth after 34 weeks due to preeclampsia or placental insufficiency, women with low‐titer aPL not fulfilling criteria laboratory requirements, women with positive non‐criteria aPL, asymptomatic aPL carriers, and infertile women found to be aPL‐positive. This review focuses on some of the several unanswered questions related to diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects in obstetric APS.
Utility of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program surgical risk calculator in predicting mortality in an Australian acute surgical unit
Authors: Parkin Cameron J. , Moritz Peter , Kirkland Olivia , Doane Matthew , Glover Anthony 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) surgical risk calculator provides an estimate preoperatively of operative risks including mortality; however, its utility is not known in Australian emergency general surgical patients. This study sought to determine accuracy of the calculator in predicting outcome of high‐risk patients in an Australian acute surgical unit to establish if this calculator could be a useful tool to identify high‐risk patients in an Australian setting.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients admitted to the acute surgical unit at a tertiary referral centre between 2018 and 2019 was conducted. High‐risk patients were defined as those who underwent an emergency operation with an ACS‐NSQIP surgical mortality score ≥5%. Post‐operative outcomes assessed included mortality and return to operating theatre, readmission and discharge to nursing home. External validation of the calculator was performed using discrimination and calibration statistics.ResultsOver a 14‐month period, 58 patients were high risk, with an average age of 75 years, 93% were classified as functionally independent/partially dependent and 91.4% underwent a laparotomy. Overall 30‐day mortality rate was 20.7%. The ACS‐NSQIP calculator was a reliable predictor of mortality, with c‐statistic of 0.835 (0.654–0.977), Brier score of 0.125 (0.081–0.176) and Hosmer–Lemeshow statistic of 0.389. The calculator was less accurate in its prediction of other outcomes assessed.ConclusionThe ACS‐NSQIP calculator accurately approximated mortality in high‐risk Australian patients requiring emergency surgery. This study has demonstrated that in this patient population, the calculator could reliably be applied in the multidisciplinary care of emergency surgical patients.
Detection of copy number variants with chromosomal microarray in 10 377 pregnancies at a single laboratory
Authors: Lin Yi‐Hui , Jong Yiin‐Jeng , Huang Pin‐Chia , Tsai Chris 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionInvasive prenatal testing with chromosomal microarray analysis may be a relevant option for all pregnant women, but there is only moderate‐quality evidence for such an offer. We intended to study the prevalence of copy number variants (CNVs) in prenatal samples using a single SNP‐array platform stratified by indication.Material and methodsA cross‐sectional study was performed based on a cohort. From January 2015 to December 2017, a total of 10 377 prenatal samples were received for prenatal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐array in the laboratory of the Genetics Generation Advancement Corporation. Indications for chromosomal microarray analysis studies included the confirmation of an abnormal karyotype, ultrasound abnormalities, advanced maternal age and parental anxiety. CNVs and region of homozygosity identified by the SNP‐array were analyzed.ResultsOf 10 377 cases, 689 had ultrasound abnormalities and 9688 were ascertained to have other indications. The overall prevalence of CNVs was 2.1% (n = 223/10 377, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9‐2.4), but the prevalence was 4.4% (95% CI 3.0‐6.1) for cases referred with abnormal ultrasound findings and 2.0% (95% CI 1.7‐2.3) for other indications. Of the 223 CNVs detected, 42/10 377 were pathogenic (0.4%, 95% CI 0.3‐0.6), 84 were susceptibility CNV (0.8%, 95% CI 0.6‐1.0) and 97 were variants of uncertain significance (0.9%, 95% CI 0.8‐1.1). Using an SNP‐based platform allowed for the detection of paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 in a fetus with ultrasound abnormality.ConclusionsWith an indication of advanced maternal age but normal ultrasound scans, the prevalence of pathogenic CNVs was 0.4% and that of susceptibility CNV 0.7%. As CNVs are independent of maternal age, the prevalence is likely the same for younger women. Thus, this study provides further evidence that chromosomal microarray analysis should be available for all women who wish to receive diagnostic testing, as this risk is above the cut‐off of 1:300 for Down syndrome, leading to the suggestion of invasive testing. A chromosomal microarray analysis based on SNP‐array platform is preferable, as it can also detect uniparental disomy in addition to copy number variants.
Predictors of positive and negative post‐traumatic psychological outcomes in a sample of Iranian cancer survivors
Authors: MoshirPanahi Shiva , Moradi Ali Reza , Ghaderi Bayazid , McEwen Cassandra , Jobson Laura 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify predictors of positive and negative post‐traumatic psychological outcomes within a sample of Iranian cancer survivors.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional research, 300 (167 females; age M = 53.00, SD = 27.57) cancer survivors (breast cancer, leukaemia, colorectal cancer) were recruited from oncology outpatient clinics in Iran. Participants completed measures of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), post‐traumatic growth (PTG), cognitive processing, attentional biases, and autobiographical memory specificity.ResultsUsing partial least square structural equation modelling, it was found that the proposed model was capable of predicting PTSD and PTG. Negative attentional biases were significantly associated with PTSD symptoms, but were not significantly associated with PTG. In contrast, memory specificity and positive attentional biases tended to be associated with PTG, but were not significantly associated with PTSD symptoms. Second, negative cognitive processing was significantly associated with PTSD symptoms, while positive cognitive processing was significantly associated with PTG. Finally, there was support for indirect pathways between positive cognitive tendencies and PTG through positive cognitive processing, while there were indirect pathways between negative habitual cognitive tendencies and PTSD symptoms through negative cognitive processing.ConclusionsOur findings support growing evidence for differential trajectories to PTG and PTSD symptoms in cancer. Such cognitive factors may be important therapeutic targets in psycho‐oncology interventions.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

The diagnosis of cancer and its subsequent treatment can result in symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Positive changes and psychosocial growth (post‐traumatic growth; PTG) are also common as a result of patients’ experience of cancer.

What does this study add?

This study identified predictors of positive (PTG) and negative trauma (PTSD) outcomes within a sample of Iranian cancer survivors (N = 300).

General habitual cognitive tendencies (memory specificity, attentional biases) were associated with cognitive processing, which in turn contributed to psycho‐traumatic adaption.

There was support for indirect pathways between positive cognitive tendencies and PTG through positive cognitive processing, while there were indirect pathways between negative habitual cognitive tendencies and PTSD symptoms through negative cognitive processing.
Coronavirus (COVID‐19) in the United Kingdom: A personality‐based perspective on concerns and intention to self‐isolate
Authors: Bacon Alison M. , Corr Philip J. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesPublic behaviour change is necessary to contain the spread of coronavirus (COVID‐19). Based on the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) framework, this study presents an examination of individual differences in some relevant psychological factors.DesignCross‐sectional psychometric.MethodsUK respondents (N = 202) completed a personality questionnaire (RST‐PQ), measures of illness attitudes, concerns about the impact of coronavirus on health services and socio‐economic infrastructures, personal safety, and likelihood of voluntary self‐isolation.ResultsRespondents most concerned were older, had negative illness attitudes, and scored higher on reward reactivity (RR), indicating the motivation to take positive approach action despite prevailing worry/anxiety. Personal safety concerns were highest in those with negative illness attitudes and higher fight–flight–freeze system (FFFS, reflecting fear/avoidance) scores. Results suggest people are experiencing psychological conflict: between the urge to stay safe (FFFF‐related) and the desire to maintain a normal, pleasurable (RR‐related) life. Ways of ameliorating conflict may include maladaptive behaviours (panic buying), reflecting reward‐related displacement activity. Intended self‐isolation related to FFFS, but also low behavioural inhibition system (related to anxiety) scores. Older people reported themselves less likely to self‐isolate.ConclusionsInterventions need to consider individual differences in psychological factors in behaviour change, and we discuss relevant literature to inform policy makers and communicators.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) personality systems can influence perception of persuasive health messages.

However, there is limited evidence for their direct effects on health concerns and behaviours, and none relating to specific infectious diseases.

What does this study add?

Reward reactivity (RR) is associated with concern about impact of coronavirus on the NHS and other social infrastructures, indicating the motivation to take positive‐approach action despite worry/anxiety.

Personal safety concerns are related to fight–flight–freeze system traits (FFFS, reflecting fear/avoidance).

Intended self‐isolation related to FFFS, but also low behavioural inhibition system (related to anxiety) scores.

Older people reported themselves less likely to self‐isolate.

Results suggest psychological conflict: between the urge to stay safe (FFFF‐related) and the desire to maintain a normal, pleasurable life (RR‐related).

Ways of ameliorating conflict may include maladaptive behaviours (panic buying), reflecting reward‐related displacement activity
Palmitoylethanolamide counteracts brain fog improving depressive‐like behaviour in obese mice: Possible role of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis
Authors: Lama Adriano , Pirozzi Claudio , Annunziata Chiara , Morgese Maria Grazia , Senzacqua Martina , Severi Ilenia , Calignano Antonio , Trabace Luigia , Giordano Antonio , Meli Rosaria , Mattace Raso Giuseppina 
Published: April 2020

Background and PurposeHigh‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity is accompanied by metabolic and neurochemical changes that have been associated with depression. Recent studies indicate that palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) exerts metabolic effects and holds neuroprotective potential. However, studies on HFD exposure in mice which investigate the effects of PEA on monoamine system and synaptic plasticity are limited.Experimental ApproachIn C57Bl/6J male mice, obesity was established by HFD feeding for 12 weeks. Then, mice were treated with ultra‐micronized PEA (30 mg·kg−1 daily p.o.) or vehicle for 7 weeks along with HFD. Mice receiving chow diet and vehicle served as controls. Thereafter, depressive‐, anhedonic‐like behaviour and cognitive performance were measured. Monoamine analyses were performed on brain areas (nucleus accumbens, Nac; prefrontal cortex, PFC; hippocampus), and markers of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis were evaluated in hippocampus.Key ResultsPEA limited depressive‐ and anhedonic‐like behaviour, and cognitive deficits induced by HFD. PEA induced an increase in 5‐HT levels in PFC, and a reduction of dopamine and 5‐HT turnover in Nac and PFC, respectively. Moreover, PEA increased dopamine levels in the hippocampus and PFC. At a molecular level, PEA restored brain‐derived neurotrophic factor signalling pathway in hippocampus and PFC, indicating an improvement of synaptic plasticity. In particular, PEA counteracted the reduction of glutamatergic synaptic density induced by HFD in the stratum radiatum of the CA1 of the hippocampus, where it also exhibited neurogenesis‐promoting abilities.Conclusion and ImplicationsPEA may represent an adjuvant therapy to limit depressive‐like behaviours and memory deficit, affecting monoamine homeostasis, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.4/issuetoc