bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incrementally Transforming Electronic Medical Records into the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model: A Multidimensional Quality Assurance Approach
Authors: Lynch Kristine E. , Deppen Stephen A. , DuVall Scott L. , Viernes Benjamin , Cao Aize , Park Daniel , Hanchrow Elizabeth , Hewa Kushan , Greaves Peter , Matheny Michael E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The development and adoption of health care common data models (CDMs) has addressed some of the logistical challenges of performing research on data generated from disparate health care systems by standardizing data representations and leveraging standardized terminology to express clinical information consistently. However, transforming a data system into a CDM is not a trivial task, and maintaining an operational, enterprise capable CDM that is incrementally updated within a data warehouse is challenging.
Objectives To develop a quality assurance (QA) process and code base to accompany our incremental transformation of the Department of Veterans Affairs Corporate Data Warehouse health care database into the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) CDM to prevent incremental load errors.
Methods We designed and implemented a multistage QA) approach centered on completeness, value conformance, and relational conformance data-quality elements. For each element we describe key incremental load challenges, our extract, transform, and load (ETL) solution of data to overcome those challenges, and potential impacts of incremental load failure.
Results Completeness and value conformance data-quality elements are most affected by incremental changes to the CDW, while updates to source identifiers impact relational conformance. ETL failures surrounding these elements lead to incomplete and inaccurate capture of clinical concepts as well as data fragmentation across patients, providers, and locations.
Conclusion Development of robust QA processes supporting accurate transformation of OMOP and other CDMs from source data is still in evolution, and opportunities exist to extend the existing QA framework and tools used for incremental ETL QA processes.
Clinical Outcome Analysis of Posterior C1 and C2 Screw Rod Fixation (Harms–Goel Technique) in Traumatic Atlantoaxial Dislocation
Authors: Singh Deepak Kumar , Agrahari Vrihaspati Kumar , Kaif Md. , Yadav Kuldeep , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Ahmad Farhan , Khan Khursheed , Pathak Vipul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aims Evaluation of clinical profile, mode of injury, and clinical outcome in patients of traumatic atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) who underwent posterior C1 and C2 screw and rod fixation by using Harms and Goel technique.
Materials and Methods It is a retrospective study involving all traumatic AAD patients of all age groups admitted at Department of Neurosurgery, RMLIMS, Lucknow, during the last two years. Inclusion criteria was all cases having traumatic AAD with or without C2 fracture and underwent posterior C1 and C2 screw and rod fixation by Harms and Goel technique. Clinical profile, age, sex, mode of injury, types of injury (detected in MRI and CT of cranio-vertebral junction), preoperative and postoperative (after one month of surgery) neurological status were evaluated and outcome analyzed.
Results Over all, out of 14 patients, 12 (85.7%) patients improved in the form of either reduced spasticity, improved sensation, increased power of one or more limbs, or bladder and bowel control. One (7.1%) patient retained preoperative status, neither improved nor deteriorated. However, one (7.1%) patient deteriorated, lost all sensations, motor functions below the lesion, bladder and bowel control, and died due to respiratory failure after one and half month of the surgery.
Conclusion We concluded that Harms and Goel technique is a safe and effective system for achieving C1–C2 fusion in traumatic AAD. Although this study is very small, does not provide Class 1 data, and is subject to the bias of any retrospective series, we believe our findings to be a useful addition to the body of literature on the surgical treatment of C1–C2 instability.
The 22q11.2 Microdeletion in Pediatric Patients with Cleft Lip, Palate, or Both and Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cárdenas-Nieto Diana , Forero-Castro Maribel , Esteban-Pérez Clara , Martínez-Lozano Julio , Briceño-Balcázar Ignacio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is present in approximately 5 to 8% of patients with cleft lip, palate, or both (CL/P) and 75 to 80% of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). In a literature review, we consider this association of 22q11.2DS in pediatric patients with CL/P and CHD. Early diagnosis of 22q11.2DS in pediatric patients with CL/P and CHD helps to optimize a multidisciplinary treatment approach for 22q11DS. Early diagnosis, thereby, can improve quality of life for these patients and awareness of other potential clinical implications that may require attention throughout the patient's life.
Raiders of the lost HARK: a reproducible inference framework for big data science
Authors: Prosperi Mattia , Bian Jiang , Buchan Iain E. , Koopman James S. , Sperrin Matthew , Wang Mo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHypothesizing after the results are known (HARK) has been disparaged as data dredging, and safeguards including hypothesis preregistration and statistically rigorous oversight have been recommended. Despite potential drawbacks, HARK has deepened thinking about complex causal processes. Some of the HARK precautions can conflict with the modern reality of researchers’ obligations to use big, ‘organic’ data sources—from high-throughput genomics to social media streams. We here propose a HARK-solid, reproducible inference framework suitable for big data, based on models that represent formalization of hypotheses. Reproducibility is attained by employing two levels of model validation: internal (relative to data collated around hypotheses) and external (independent to the hypotheses used to generate data or to the data used to generate hypotheses). With a model-centered paradigm, the reproducibility focus changes from the ability of others to reproduce both data and specific inferences from a study to the ability to evaluate models as representation of reality. Validation underpins ‘natural selection’ in a knowledge base maintained by the scientific community. The community itself is thereby supported to be more productive in generating and critically evaluating theories that integrate wider, complex systems.
Underreporting of Alcohol Use in Trauma Patients: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Hoonpongsimanont Wirachin , Ghanem Ghadi , Chen Yanjun , Sahota Preet Kaur , Carroll Christy , Barrios Cristobal , Lotfipour Shahram 
Published: October 2019

Background This study assessed the inconsistencies between self-reported alcohol consumption and blood alcohol content (BAC) in trauma patients. We aimed to identify the incidence of positive BAC in trauma patients who reported a zero score on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). We also sought to identify characteristics of individuals who were likely to negate alcohol use, yet yielded a positive BAC, to improve our ability to provide alcohol screening and healthcare to these at-risk alcohol consumers. Methods We conducted a retrospective study from 2010 to 2018 at a university-based, level-one trauma emergency department. We identified 2581 adult trauma patients who reported a zero score on the AUDIT from the trauma registry. We collected BAC, age, gender, race, education level, mechanism of injury, language and injury severity score (ISS) from patient charts, and used descriptive analyses and multivariate logistic regression to analyze the data. Results One hundred and thirty-one (5.08%) trauma patients who reported AUDIT of zero had a positive BAC. We found that being male (OR 1.53), assaulted or injured from a penetrating mechanism (OR 2.29) and having an ISS greater than 25 (OR 3.76) were independent positive predictors of trauma patients who reported an AUDIT of zero and had a positive BAC. Age (OR 0.99) was an independent negative predictor of trauma patients who reported an AUDIT of zero and had a positive BAC in this cohort. Conclusions Inaccurate self-reporting of alcohol drinking behavior does exist in trauma patients. A composite of objective alcohol screening modalities, in addition to AUDIT, is needed to screen for alcohol use in this population. Healthcare providers should remain highly suspicious of alcohol-related injuries in individuals with the identified characteristics.
Testing Mediational Processes of Substance use Relapse among Youth who Participated in a Mobile Texting Aftercare Project
Authors: Gonzales-Castaneda Rachel , McKay James R. , Steinberg Jane , Winters Ken C. , Yu Chong Ho (Alex) , Valdovinos Irene C. , Casillas Janna M. , McCarthy Kyle C. 
Published: October 2019

Background The goal of this paper is to advance the understanding of mechanisms of action involved in behavioral-driven aftercare interventions for substance use disorders (SUDs) among youth populations. This paper reports data from a study that measured the impact of an aftercare intervention on primary substance use relapse among youth who completed treatment in Los Angeles County for SUDs. The aftercare intervention, Project ESQYIR- Educating and Supporting inQuisitive Youth In Recovery, utilized text messaging to monitor relapse and recovery processes, provide feedback, reminders, support, and education among youth from SUD specialty settings during the initial 3-month period following treatment completion. Method Mediational modeling informed by Baron and Kenny was used to examine the extent to which select recovery processes including participation in extracurricular activities and self-help, were impacted by the texting intervention, and if such processes helped sustain recovery and prevent primary substance use relapse. The data come from a two-group randomized controlled pilot study testing the initial efficacy of a mobile health texting aftercare intervention among 80 youth ( Mage= 20.7, SD = 3.5, range: 14–26 years) who volunteered to participate after completing SUD treatment between 2012 and 2013. Results Among the two recovery processes examined in the mediational modeling, only involvement in extracurricular activities mediated the effects of the texting aftercare intervention on reductions in primary substance use relapse; not self-help participation. Conclusion Findings from this pilot study offer greater understanding about potential recovery-related mechanisms of action of mobile aftercare interventions. Mobile texting was found to promote increased engagement in recovery-related behaviors such as participation in extracurricular activities, which mediated the effects of the mobile aftercare intervention on decreasing primary substance use relapse. Findings suggest mobile approaches may be effective for increasing adherence to a wide-array of recovery behavioral regiments among youth populations challenged by complex behavioral issues.
Dissemination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Substance use Disorders in the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System: Description and Evaluation of Veteran Outcomes
Authors: DeMarce Josephine M. , Gnys Maryann , Raffa Susan D. , Kumpula Mandy , Karlin Bradley E. 
Published: October 2019

Background As part of the nation's largest dissemination and implementation of evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) and the promotion of EBPs for substance use disorders (SUDs), the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is working to nationally implement Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for SUD (CBT-SUD). The current manuscript describes the approach to system-wide training and reports Veteran outcomes associated with CBT-SUD implementation. Methods Four-hundred fifty-eight Veterans with a range of treatment goals received treatment through the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) CBT-SUD Training Program. Veteran outcomes related to substance use, substance use-related problems, and quality of life were assessed with the Brief Addiction Monitor, the Short Inventory of Problems, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF. Results Statistically significant reductions in alcohol use, heavy alcohol use, other drug use, and substance use-related problems, as well as significant improvements in quality of life, were observed over the course of treatment. Conclusions Program evaluation findings suggest that large-scale training in and implementation of EBPs for SUDs is associated with improvements in substance use and other functional outcomes. Limitations from this real-world implementation project, including the lack of a control group and missing post-treatment data, are discussed.
Opioid Prescribing Patterns and Overdose Deaths in Texas
Authors: Champagne-Langabeer Tiffany , Madu Renita , Giri Sharmila , Stotts Angela L. , Langabeer James R. 
Published: October 2019

Background Opioid use disorder has recently been declared a public health emergency, yet it is unknown whether opioid prescribing patterns have changed over time. Our objective is to examine opioid prescribing behavior and overdose fatalities in one large state prior to state-mandated usage of a prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP). Methods We relied on de-identified longitudinal data from state and national databases for opioid prescriptions and overdose deaths in Texas between 2013 and 2017. Descriptive statistics and trend analyses were used to assess proportional differences and changes over time. Results Prescriptions for opioids represented over 45% of the total controlled medications dispensed across the entire period. This equates to roughly 17.7 million opioid prescriptions dispensed per year, or 63.7 opioid prescriptions per 100 persons, slightly less than the reported national average. Hydrocodone was the most widely prescribed opioid (32.9%), followed by tramadol (26.9%) and codeine (21.5%). The overall controlled substance prescribing rate appears to be decreasing in the latest year, and the composition of opioids has shifted. We found a reduction in schedule II medications (such as hydrocodone and fentanyl) and increase in schedule IV medications such as tramadol. At the same time, total overdose fatalities increased 42% during this time, and population-adjusted rates increased 34% to 5.87 deaths per 100,000 persons. Conclusions While prescribing rates have decreased in Texas, overdose deaths from both legal and illicit opioids are rising, suggesting that changing physician prescribing behavior alone may not be sufficient to curb the epidemic. Policies and community interventions should be considered to address increases in both prescription and illicit opioid deaths.
Correlates of Experiencing and Witnessing Non-Fatal Opioid Overdoses among Individuals Accessing Harm Reduction Services in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Authors: Pizzicato Lia N. , Johnson Caroline C. , Viner Kendra M. 
Published: October 2019

Background: With the dramatic increase in overdose deaths in the United States, layperson overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs serve a critical role in preventing opioid overdose fatality. This study examines associations for witnessing an opioid overdose or experiencing a non-fatal opioid overdose to identify new opportunities for expansion of OEND programs. Methods: Cross sectional surveys were administered at the sole needle and syringe exchange program in Philadelphia, PA. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations for witnessing an opioid overdose or experiencing a non-fatal opioid overdose in the previous 12 months. Results: In total, 370 individuals were identified as using opioids in the previous three months and included in the study. Factors associated with experiencing a non-fatal opioid overdose were unstable housing (aOR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.12–3.99), recent incarceration (aOR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.41–3.89), co-use of opioids and benzodiazepines (aOR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.22–3.41), co-use of heroin and cocaine (aOR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.04–2.75), drug injection (aOR: 4.25; 95% CI: 1.90–9.54), inpatient detoxification history (aOR: 2.33; 95% CI:1.27–4.43), and witnessing an overdose in the previous 12 months (aOR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.02–6.13). Factors associated with witnessing an overdose were unstable housing (aOR: 5.14; 95% CI: 2.57–10.28), recent incarceration (aOR: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.24–6.74), and a history of being trained to use naloxone (aOR: 3.39; 95% CI: 1.63–7.04). Discussion: Findings presented here show characteristics of those most likely to witness an overdose or experience a non-fatal overdose who could be served by expansion of OEND programs.
The influence of urban microclimate vertical variations on the building performance of a high-rise office building at different floors
Authors: Li Jing , Donn Michael , Thomas Geoff 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper explores the urban microclimate effects on the building performance of high-rise office buildings of different heights. In general, the environment section of buildings’ performance calculation relies on weather station data located in rural areas which are quite different from the actual urban microclimate. How the accuracy of urban microclimate modelling affects the building performance simulation is not understood. We have previously explored horizontal elements’ effects on high-rise office building performance. In this research, wind and temperature vertical variations’ effects on performance at different heights is explored. Compared with the wind in rural areas, the urban wind has more barriers and is more turbulent. The temperature profile in urban areas is also different from that in rural areas because of Urban Heat Island effects. How do these features of urban microclimate influence the performance? Is the influence significant enough and worth modelling? From this research, vertical temperature gradients are a more significant influence on energy use than vertical variation of wind speed and urban boundary layer depth. If the building is extremely high the accurate modelling of wind speed profile may matter as well because the influence of vertical variations on natural ventilation increases with height.
Experimental investigation on thermal insulation performance of air interlayer under an impinging jet at high temperature
Authors: Cai Jian , Ye Wei , Zhi Chengqiang , Huang Yixiang , Zhang Xu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Air interlayers are widely used in building envelope to reduce heat transfer between indoor and outdoor environments. However, it is less common to apply to industrial processes in confined spaces, especially when the heating source is at high temperature with high velocity. In this paper, a special structure with air interlayer between two plates for thermal insulation was derived from an industrial manufacturing application. The effects of the interlayer on heat transfer was investigated under an impinging jet at high temperature. An experimental mock-up was designed to produce high temperature (∼ 500 °C) impinging gas jet with relative stable high velocity (∼56 m/s) at the nozzle exit. The impingement surface of the test structure was covered with a 2mm thick stainless-steel plate at a distance of 5mm, which formed a horizontal air insulation layer. Benchmark test was also conducted after the removal of the stainless-steel layer. In each case, a standard procedure within a duration of 30 min was applied to minimize the variations of testing conditions. The temperatures at both inner and outer surfaces of the structure, as well as the temperatures from inside and outside the air interlayer, were measured by thermocouples. In addition, an analytical model to account for the effects of air insulation was proposed to compared with experiments. The results showed that, the air interlayer can reduce the highest temperatures for about 48 °C. The temperature difference at the end of the experiment was about 30 °C. The analytical model was in good agreement with the experimental data and the maximum difference was ∼6.5 °C.
Comparison of local equivalent temperatures and subjective thermal comfort ratings with regard to passenger comfort in a train compartment
Authors: Lange P , Schmeling D , Hörmann H J , Volkmann A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two methods for assessing thermal passenger comfort are analysed and compared to each other in terms of different ventilation concepts and different inflow air temperatures in a generic train laboratory. The studied ventilation systems comprise state-of-the-art micro-jet ventilation and a novel vertical ventilation system called displacement ventilation. The latter is based on a homogeneous and low-momentum air supply near the floor. In a first step, tests with human subjects are conducted addressing both temperature sensation and evaluation. In a second step, objective thermal comfort parameters are acquired using a calibrated thermal manikin, which enables the measurement of local equivalent temperatures. For reason of comparability, the results of the subjects test are converted into equivalent temperatures. The results prove that both methods, subjective and objective, correspond well under steady-state thermal conditions. The data of the subject tests are characterized by significantly higher variations compared to the experimentally determined values. Concerning the overall thermal comfort, both ventilation systems show comparable results for the two investigated inflow air temperatures. However, the comfort distribution over the body parts differs significantly between the two ventilation concepts.
Analysis of the field tests efficiency of indoor environmental control and energy saving technology: the cases of Solar Decathlon China 2018
Authors: Zhao Haitian , Lin Borong , Zhu Yingxin , Zhang Jinghua , Sun Hongli 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The International Solar Decathlon initiated by the US Department of Energy in 2002 has been conducted for 17 years, but the literature on the use of field test big data to study the performance of design projects during the competition is scarce. This paper summarizes energy saving technologies used in past Solar Decathlons in the literature. The indoor environment test data of 5 demo participating teams of Solar Decathlon China (SDC) 2018 are organized and analyzed. The energy consumption and indoor environment data of buildings of SDC 2018 are comprehensively compared with those of past solar competition buildings. The energy consumption characteristics and indoor thermal environment characteristics of this zero-energy building are summarized. An energy evaluation index for unit energy consumption, namely energy consumption per square meter per day, is proposed. The unit energy consumption of buildings during the solar competition is 0.28–0.51 kWh/(d⋅m2), with an average of 0.35 kWh/(d m2). HVAC system energy consumption exceeds 50%. The unit energy consumption of the air conditioning system ranges between 0.13–0.23 kWh/(d⋅m2) with an average of 0.18 kWh/(d⋅m2). This can be used as a reference for future solar energy system capacity designs. According to the results of the analysis of the competition data, the recommendations for the construction of zero-energy houses for intermittent use are given in the design of the architecture design and the HVAC system. Furthermore, a control strategy to ensure indoor environment comfort and system energy saving has also been proposed.