bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying compensatory strategies in adults with and without diagnosed autism
Authors: Livingston Lucy Anne , Shah Punit , Milner Victoria , Happé Francesca 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
There is growing recognition that some autistic people engage in ‘compensation’, showing few behavioural symptoms (e.g. neurotypical social skills), despite continuing to experience autism-related cognitive difficulties (e.g. difficulties in social cognition). One way this might be achieved is by individuals consciously employing ‘compensatory strategies’ during everyday social interaction. However, very little is currently known about the broad range of these strategies, their mechanisms and consequences for clinical presentation and diagnosis.

Methods
We aimed to measure compensatory strategies in autism for the first time. Using a novel checklist, we quantified self-reported social compensatory strategies in 117 adults (58 with autism, 59 without autism) and explored the relationships between compensation scores and autism diagnostic status, autistic traits, education level, sex and age at diagnosis.

Results
Higher compensation scores—representing a greater repertoire of compensatory strategies—were associated with having an autism diagnosis, more autistic traits and a higher education level. The link between autism diagnostic status and compensation scores was, however, explained by autistic traits and education level. Compensation scores were unrelated to sex or age at diagnosis.

Limitations
Our sample was self-selected and predominantly comprised of intellectually able females; therefore, our findings may not generalise to the wider autistic population.

Conclusions
Together, our findings suggest that many intellectually able adults, with and without a clinical diagnosis of autism, report using compensatory strategies to modify their social behaviour. We discuss the clinical utility of measuring self-reported compensation (e.g., using our checklist), with important implications for the accurate diagnosis and management of autism and related conditions.
Isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum and normal general intelligence development during postnatal life: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Guadarrama-Ortiz Parménides , Choreño-Parra José Alberto , de la Rosa-Arredondo Tania 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Agenesis of the corpus callosum can occur isolated or as part of a complex congenital syndrome. Patients with isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum may present with severe intellectual disability, although a proportion of affected individuals develop normal intelligence. However, even in patients with no apparent deficits, subtle neuropsychological alterations may occur as the cognitive demand increases with age. Hence, patients with this deffect require a strict follow-up during their postnatal life. Thus, physicians require a better knowledge of the cognitive features of agenesis of the corpus callosum to improve their approach to this cerebral malformation. Here, we report an illustrative case of a school-age child with isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum and normal intelligence. We also provide a literature review about the postnatal screening of neurocognitive deficits in patients with agenesis of the corpus callosum.

Case presentation
An 8-year-old Hispanic boy with total agenesis of the corpus callosum attended for medical follow-up. The defect was identified during the neonatal period by cranial ultrasonography and brain computed tomography scan. However, he did not present any craniofacial or non-cerebral malformation suggestive of a congenital syndrome. Furthermore, he showed no neuropsychiatric disorder or intellectual disability during his early childhood. At the age of 4, he was subjected to a control brain magnetic resonance imaging that showed total agenesis of the corpus callosum and colpocephaly. At his arrival, a neurological examination was normal with no signs of intracranial hypertension. His intelligence quotient was unaltered and he scored normal in the Mini-Mental State Examination test. The literature reviewed here suggested that patients with agenesis of the corpus callosum require a strict neurocognitive follow-up during postnatal life, as they may present neuropsychological deficits during adolescence, when development of the corpus callosum is completed and there is maximum reliance on this structure. Thus, our patient was scheduled for future annual neurocognitive testing.

Conclusions
Isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum is not innocuous, and patients with this defect require a strict neurocognitive follow-up. We provide an informative reference tool useful for the postnatal neuropsychological screening of patients with isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum.
Sparse identification of contrast gain control in the fruit fly photoreceptor and amacrine cell layer
Authors: Lazar Aurel A. , Ukani Nikul H. , Zhou Yiyin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe fruit fly’s natural visual environment is often characterized by light intensities ranging across several orders of magnitude and by rapidly varying contrast across space and time. Fruit fly photoreceptors robustly transduce and, in conjunction with amacrine cells, process visual scenes and provide the resulting signal to downstream targets. Here, we model the first step of visual processing in the photoreceptor-amacrine cell layer. We propose a novel divisive normalization processor (DNP) for modeling the computation taking place in the photoreceptor-amacrine cell layer. The DNP explicitly models the photoreceptor feedforward and temporal feedback processing paths and the spatio-temporal feedback path of the amacrine cells. We then formally characterize the contrast gain control of the DNP and provide sparse identification algorithms that can efficiently identify each the feedforward and feedback DNP components. The algorithms presented here are the first demonstration of tractable and robust identification of the components of a divisive normalization processor. The sparse identification algorithms can be readily employed in experimental settings, and their effectiveness is demonstrated with several examples.
Under-five anemia and its associated factors with dietary diversity, food security, stunted, and deworming in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Belachew Amare , Tewabe Tilahun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Anemia is the most common hematologic disorder of children in the globe. There are fragmented and inconclusive study findings on under-five anemia in Ethiopia. Understanding the distribution of anemia is an important step for program planners and policymakers. Therefore, this systematic review was aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of anemia and associated factors with dietary diversity, food security, stunted, and deworming in Ethiopia.

Methods
We searched through African journals of online, Google Scholar, CINHAL, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Scopus. Reviewers used standardized format to extract the data. The data was exported to Stata version 11 software for analysis after extracted by Microsoft excel. The DerSimonian-Laird random-effect model was used to assess the pooled prevalence of under-five anemia. Variation between studies (heterogeneity) was assessed by I2 statistic test. Publication bias was assessed by the Egger test.

Result
From 561 studies, 16 articles were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of under-five anemia in Ethiopia was 44.83%. In subgroup analysis, the higher pooled prevalence of anemia was observed from children’s age less than 2 years old (50.36%) (95% CI 39.53, 61.18). Poor dietary diversity OR = 1.71 (1.10, 2.68), stunting OR = 2.59 (2.04, 3.28), food insecurity OR = 2.87 (1.25, 6.61), and not dewormed OR = 2.34 (1.77, 3.09) were predictors of under-five anemia.

Conclusion
The magnitude of under-five anemia in this study was extremely high. Therefore, increased coverage of supplementation and fortification programs, periodic deworming, feeding diversified food, supplement food for those who are stunted, and securing food in the households may all alleviate under-five anemia.
Inter-rater reliability and validity of risk of bias instrument for non-randomized studies of exposures: a study protocol
Authors: Jeyaraman Maya M. , Al-Yousif Nameer , Robson Reid C. , Copstein Leslie , Balijepalli Chakrapani , Hofer Kimberly , Fazeli Mir S. , Ansari Mohammed T. , Tricco Andrea C. , Rabbani Rasheda , Abou-Setta Ahmed M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
A new tool, “risk of bias (ROB) instrument for non-randomized studies of exposures (ROB-NRSE),” was recently developed. It is important to establish consistency in its application and interpretation across review teams. In addition, it is important to understand if specialized training and guidance will improve the reliability in the results of the assessments. Therefore, the objective of this cross-sectional study is to establish the inter-rater reliability (IRR), inter-consensus reliability (ICR), and concurrent validity of the new ROB-NRSE tool. Furthermore, as this is a relatively new tool, it is important to understand the barriers to using this tool (e.g., time to conduct assessments and reach consensus—evaluator burden).

Methods
Reviewers from four participating centers will apprise the ROB of a sample of NRSE publications using ROB-NRSE tool in two stages. For IRR and ICR, two pairs of reviewers will assess the ROB for each NRSE publication. In the first stage, reviewers will assess the ROB without any formal guidance. In the second stage, reviewers will be provided customized training and guidance. At each stage, each pair of reviewers will resolve conflicts and arrive at a consensus. To calculate the IRR and ICR, we will use Gwet’s AC1 statistic.
For concurrent validity, reviewers will appraise a sample of NRSE publications using both the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and ROB-NRSE tool. We will analyze the concordance between the two tools for similar domains and for the overall judgments using Kendall’s tau coefficient.
To measure evaluator burden, we will assess the time taken to apply ROB-NRSE tool (without and with guidance), and the NOS. To assess the impact of customized training and guidance on the evaluator burden, we will use the generalized linear models. We will use Microsoft Excel and SAS 9.4, to manage and analyze study data, respectively.

Discussion
The quality of evidence from systematic reviews that include NRSE depends partly on the study-level ROB assessments. The findings of this study will contribute to an improved understanding of ROB-NRSE and how best to use it.
A stochastic SIR epidemic model with Lévy jump and media coverage
Authors: Liu Yingfen , Zhang Yan , Wang Qingyun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA stochastic susceptible–infectious–recovered epidemic model with temporary immunity and media coverage is proposed. The effects of Lévy jumps on the dynamics of the model are considered. A unique global positive solution for the epidemic model is obtained. Sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee that the epidemic disease is extinct and persistent in the mean. The threshold behavior is discussed. Numerical simulations are given to verify our theoretical results.
EANM guideline on the validation of analytical methods for radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Gillings Nic , Todde Sergio , Behe Martin , Decristoforo Clemens , Elsinga Philip , Ferrari Valentina , Hjelstuen Olaug , Peitl Petra Kolenc , Koziorowski Jacek , Laverman Peter , Mindt Thomas L. , Ocak Meltem , Patt Marianne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
To fulfil good manufacturing requirements, analytical methods for the analysis of pharmaceuticals for human and vetinary use must be validated. The International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) has published guidance documents on the requirements for such validation activities and these have been adopted by the European Medicines Agency, The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other regulatory bodies. These guidance documents do not, however, fully address all the specific tests required for the analysis of radiopharmaceuticals. This guideline attempts to rectify this shortcoming, by recommending approaches to validate such methods.

Results
Recommedations for the validation of analytical methods which are specific for radiopharmaceutials are presented in this guideline, along with two practical examples.

Conclusions
In order to comply with good manufacturing practice, analytical methods for radiopharmaceuticals for human use should be validated.
Establishing the content validity of PROMIS Pediatric pain interference, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and sleep-related impairment measures in children with chronic kidney disease and Crohn’s disease
Authors: Forrest Christopher B. , Forrest Kathryn D. , Clegg Jennifer L. , de la Motte Anna , Amaral Sandra , Grossman Andrew B. , Furth Susan L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
PROMIS Pediatric patient-reported outcome measures were developed with children from the general population, and their content validity has not been established in children with chronic disease. This study was done to evaluate the content validity of the PROMIS Pediatric Pain Interference and Fatigue measures in children 8–17 years-old with Crohn’s disease and the PROMIS Pediatric Fatigue, Sleep Disturbance, and Sleep-related Impairment measures for children 8–17 years-old with chronic kidney disease.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with individuals affected by Crohn’s disease and chronic kidney disease. The interviews were done to elicit children’s lived experiences of the PROMIS outcomes of interest. We used deductive content analysis to contrast the participants’ reports of their symptoms and impacts on daily life with existing conceptual frameworks for the PROMIS measures, each of which was developed with input from children in the general population.

Results
On average, we elicited an average of 7 pain interference and 7 fatigue concepts from Crohn’s disease participants (n = 37), while chronic kidney disease participants (n = 26) provided 9 concepts for fatigue, 4 for sleep disturbance, and 7 for sleep-related impairment. Concept saturation was achieved after 16–19 interviews across the four PROMIS measures. Children with these two chronic health conditions reported the same breadth and types of lived experiences as children from the development samples drawn from the general population.

Conclusion
The study supports the content validity of several PROMIS Pediatric measures for children with Crohn’s disease and chronic kidney disease. These findings provide evidence that PROMIS Pediatric measures, developed as universally relevant patient-reported outcomes, may be more broadly applicable to children with chronic disease.
Multi-kingdom characterization of the core equine fecal microbiota based on multiple equine (sub)species
Authors: Edwards J. E. , Shetty S. A. , van den Berg P. , Burden F. , van Doorn D. A. , Pellikaan W. F. , Dijkstra J. , Smidt H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundEquine gut microbiology studies to date have primarily focused on horses and ponies, which represent only one of the eight extant equine species. This is despite asses and mules comprising almost half of the world’s domesticated equines, and donkeys being superior to horses/ponies in their ability to degrade dietary fiber. Limited attention has also been given to commensal anaerobic fungi and archaea even though anaerobic fungi are potent fiber degrading organisms, the activity of which is enhanced by methanogenic archaea. Therefore, the objective of this study was to broaden the current knowledge of bacterial, anaerobic fungal and archaeal diversity of the equine fecal microbiota to multiple species of equines. Core taxa shared by all the equine fecal samples (n = 70) were determined and an overview given of the microbiota across different equine types (horse, donkey, horse × donkey and zebra).ResultsEquine type was associated with differences in both fecal microbial concentrations and community composition. Donkey was generally most distinct from the other equine types, with horse and zebra not differing. Despite this, a common bacterial core of eight OTUs (out of 2070) and 16 genus level groupings (out of 231) was found in all the fecal samples. This bacterial core represented a much larger proportion of the equine fecal microbiota than previously reported, primarily due to the detection of predominant core taxa belonging to the phylaKiritimatiellaeota(formerlyVerrucomicrobiasubdivision 5) andSpirochaetes. The majority of the core bacterial taxa lack cultured representation. Archaea and anaerobic fungi were present in all animals, however, no core taxon was detected for either despite several taxa being prevalent and predominant.ConclusionsWhilst differences were observed between equine types, a core fecal microbiota existed across all the equines. This core was composed primarily of a few predominant bacterial taxa, the majority of which are novel and lack cultured representation. The lack of microbial cultures representing the predominant taxa needs to be addressed, as their availability is essential to gain fundamental knowledge of the microbial functions that underpin the equine hindgut ecosystem.
Measuring outcomes in self-harm trials: what is important and what is achievable?
Authors: House Allan 
Published: February 2020

Summary
There are a number of candidates as useful outcomes in self-harm research – repetition of self-harm; symptom states; quality of life, social participation. Repetition of self-harm has been the predominant choice of researchers, not least because of its status as a risk for eventual suicide. Use of alternatives would respond to the preferences of study participants, but there are substantial methodological constraints. Nonetheless more attention could be given to the use of outcomes other than repetition. Another option is to broaden the approach to evaluation design, incorporating advances in the use of observational data either alone or linked to data from trials.
Postal recruitment for genetic studies of preterm birth: A feasibility study
Authors: Keag Oonagh E. , Murphy Lee , Bradley Aoibheann , Deakin Naomi , Whyte Sonia , Norman Jane E. , Stock Sarah J. 
Published: February 2020

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) represents the leading cause of neonatal death. Large-scale genetic studies are necessary to determine genetic influences on PTB risk, but prospective cohort studies are expensive and time-consuming. We investigated the feasibility of retrospective recruitment of post-partum women for efficient collection of genetic samples, with self-collected saliva for DNA extraction from themselves and their babies, alongside self-recollection of pregnancy and birth details to phenotype PTB. Methods: 708 women who had participated in the OPPTIMUM trial (a randomised trial of progesterone pessaries to prevent PTB [ISRCTN14568373]) and consented to further contact were invited to provide self-collected saliva from themselves and their babies. DNA was extracted from Oragene OG-500 (adults) and OG-575 (babies) saliva kits and the yield measured by Qubit. Samples were analysed using a panel of Taqman single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays. A questionnaire designed to meet the minimum data set required for phenotyping PTB was included. Questionnaire responses were transcribed and analysed for concordance with prospective trial data. Results: Recruitment rate was 162/708 (23%) for self-collected saliva samples and 157/708 (22%) for questionnaire responses. 161 samples from the mother provided DNA with median yield 59.0µg (0.4-148.9µg). 156 samples were successfully genotyped (96.9%). 136 baby samples had a median yield 11.5µg (0.1-102.7µg); two samples failed DNA extraction. 131 baby samples (96.3%) were successfully genotyped. Concordance between self-recalled birth details and prospective birth details ranged from 55 – 99%, median 86%. The highest rates of concordance were found for mode of birth (154/156 [99%]), smoking status (151/157 [96%]) and ethnicity (149/156 [96%]). Conclusion: This feasibility study demonstrates that self-collected DNA samples from mothers and babies were sufficient for genetic analysis but yields were variable. Self-recollection of pregnancy and birth details was inadequate for accurately phenotyping PTB, highlighting the need for alternative strategies for investigating genetic links with PTB.
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU SAKU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA DALAM MATA PELAJARAN PAI MATERI TATA CARA SALAT KELAS II SD
Authors: Aziza Avivatul Novi , Suyatno Suyatno 
Published: February 2020

This study aims to: 1) determine the feasibility developing pocket book teaching materials on PAI subjects in class II elementary school prayer materials. 2) knowing the feasibility of PAI pocket book teaching materials for the procedure for prayer in class II of elementary school. 3) knowing the results of product trials in students' understanding through PAI pocket book teaching materials on the procedures for the elementary school class II prayer. This research is a study Research and Development (R & D). The steps are carried out, namely: (1) analysis of potential and problems, (2) data collection, (3) product design, (4) design validation, (5) design revisions, (6) product testing, and (7) product revisions, (8) usage trials. The data analysis technique used is the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. The results of the study show that 1) the steps to develop a pocket book teaching material product include: 2) the feasibility of pocket books is done through the assessment of learning experts, material experts, linguists, and media experts. The assessment of the feasibility results from the learning expert gets a score of 75 (Good), the assessment of the material gets a score of 90 (Very good), the assessment of the linguist gets a score of 82.5 (Very Good), and the media expert gets a score of 100 (Very Good) It can be concluded that this pocket book is suitable for use. Based on product trials, it can be concluded that the pocket book material for prayer can improve student understanding as evidenced by the results of Pre Test the small group61 (Good) increasing to a value of 83 (Very Good) can be seen from the results of the Post Test. The trial of a large group of products was concluded that the book pocket material for prayer can improve students' understanding by proving that the Pre Test results scored 63.6 (Good) increased to 95 (Very Good) seen from the results of the Post Test.
Pengaruh Pola Asuh Authoritative dan Konformitas Teman Sebaya Terhadap Problematic Online Game Use (POGU) pada Pelajar SMP â€œXâ€ Semarang
Authors: Linayaningsih Fitria , Virgonita MulyaI.W 
Published: February 2020

Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola asuh Authoritative dan konformitas Teman Sebaya dengan Problematic Online Game Use (POGU). Â Definisi Problematic Online Game Use (POGU) yaitu perilaku bermain game online yang menyebabkan gangguan pada aspek psikologis, sosial, dan pekerjaan atau sekolah. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP â€œXâ€ Semarang. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Skala Problematic Online Game Use (POGU), Skala Pola Asuh Authoritative dan Skala Konformitas Teman Sebaya. Metode analisa data menggunakan analisis regresi dua prediktor. Analisa data menunjukkan hasil 0,207 ( p â‰¥ 0,05 ) = tidak signifikan, yang berarti tidak ada korelasi antara pola asuh authoritative dan konformitas teman sebaya terhadap Problematic Online Game Use. Pola asuh dan konformitas teman sebaya hanya mendorongÂ awal munculnya perilaku ini, tetapi muncul perilaku yang bermasalah karena individu menemukan kepuasanÂ dan tantangan dalam online game.Kata kunci : konformitas teman sebaya, pola asuh authoritative, Problematic Online Game Use (POGU)