bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breaking the adherence barriers: Strategies to improve treatment adherence in dialysis patients
Authors: Murali Karumathil M. , Lonergan Maureen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNonadherence to therapy (dietary/fluid restrictions, medications, and dialysis treatment), is common in patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing dialysis. It is associated with a higher risk of mortality and adverse outcomes. Clinical trials evaluating adherence improvement interventions have largely addressed patient‐related factors by employing educational/cognitive, counselling/behavioral, psychological strategies, or combinations thereof. A major barrier to progress in addressing ESKD‐related adherence is the difficulty in comparing these trials due to the highly diverse nature of interventions and adherence outcomes. Surrogate outcomes like changes in inter‐dialysis weight gain or phosphate levels are frequently used without adjusting for confounders, with the potential for biased efficacy estimates. A majority of trials reported improvement in some adherence measures, but some of the same studies showed no improvement in other adherence markers, questioning the validity of outcome measurement. Among the interventions, cognitive/behavioral strategies, combination strategies, and individually delivered interventions may have some advantages. Relapse of nonadherence, which is common on follow‐up, should be managed to sustain long‐term adherence. Technology‐based interventions hold great future potential for addressing ESKD nonadherence. Streamlining intervention strategies and standardizing outcome measures in future clinical trials will provide reliable guidance to manage nonadherence effectively, which may improve clinical outcomes in dialysis patients.
Point‐of‐view technology to teach surgery
Authors: Baatjes Karin J. , Keiller Alex V. , Louw Alwyn J. , Van Rooyen Marietjie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundVaried and limited opportunities to assist during operations, hamper surgical procedural training. Furthermore, the trainee’s view of the procedure differs from that of the operating surgeon. New solutions could emerge when instruction under direct supervision can be combined with technological advances in surgical practice. This study assesses the feasibility of using the GoPro HERO™ to record operations for educational purposes, from the perspective of the surgical and technical team.MethodA “point‐of‐view” wearable GoPro camera was used to record standard operations at Tygerberg Academic Hospital, affiliated with Stellenbosch University, in Cape Town. Semi‐structured interviews evaluated the practical acceptability of the GoPro in theatre by clinical personnel. The technical team reflected on picture quality, video editing and formatting. Techsmith Camtasia Studio 9® programme was employed for post‐ recording editing.ResultsEight operations were performed by three surgeons. No interference with operative sterility, procedural length, nor functioning in the operating room was encountered by clinical personnel. Technically, the quality and picture field were adequate. All surgeons found the camera head band tight and the camera heavy. The limited battery life during recording was problematic throughout the study.ConclusionWearable cameras allow recordings of surgical procedures from the surgeon’s view, for adjunctive educational purposes. This study confirms the feasibility and utility of GoPro to record real time operations without compromising patient care. The videos have cross‐discipline potential for teaching within medicine. Creation of a video library as a resource to evaluate the educational value for trainees is envisioned.
Financial development, reallocation and growth: Firm heterogeneity matters
Authors: Bas Maria , Berthou Antoine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the heterogeneous effect of financial development on firm‐level growth. Our analysis relies on the experience of the rapid expansion of credit in Indian states, following the process of banking reforms in the early 1990s. Based on a survey of Indian manufacturing firms (1997–2006), we examine how changes in the access to finance by firms across Indian states affected the growth of firms located in the same location. Estimation results show that initially larger, more productive or more profitable firms benefit the most from the rapid expansion of credit across Indian states. These results are robust to various specifications that allow to control for other reforms taking place simultaneously, or for potential reverse causality. The aggregate impact of this heterogeneous effect is important: the main channel that explains sector‐level total factor productivity growth due to financial development is the reallocation of market shares across firms.
Identification of groundwater recharge sites in Latur district of Maharashtra in India based on remote sensing, GIS and multi‐criteria decision tools
Authors: Navane Vishal Sagar , Sahoo Sanat Nalini 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, groundwater potential zones and artificial recharge zones were delineated and favourable sites for placing recharge structures were identified. Different thematic layers were generated using ArcGIS and were scrutinized by a multivariate technique called principal component analysis (PCA). Selected thematic layers and their features were assigned suitable weights on Saaty’s 9‐point scale and their normalized weights were obtained by Saaty’s analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Selected thematic layers were integrated by weighted linear combination method to calculate groundwater potential index (GWPI) and groundwater recharge index (GWRI). Based on calculated GWPI, the study area was delineated into five groundwater potential zones, namely “poor”, “moderate”, “good”, “very good” and “excellent”, which cover 1.61%, 71.99%, 22.77%, 3.54% and 0.09% of the study area, respectively. Also observed that, the study area has an area of 5957.89 km2 of moderate recharge zone. Further 34 artificial groundwater recharge sites are identified for effective groundwater management.
Plastics waste identification in river ecosystems by multispectral proximal sensing: a preliminary methodology study
Authors: De Giglio Michaela , Dubbini Marco , Cortesi Irene , Maraviglia Michela , Parisi Erica Isabella , Tucci Grazia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA considerable amount of the plastics produced around the world is now dispersed throughout the environment, and in particular in aquatic ecosystems. This can have damaging consequences for plants, animals and human beings. This study investigates some approaches for detection and monitoring of plastics waste in river habitats through multispectral image classification. The data are acquired using a proximity sensor in the electromagnetic spectrum range that includes the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared bands, as for the WorldView‐2 satellite. The in‐depth analysis of the spectral signatures obtained shows typical plastics trends and reflectance values in the near infrared bands. Different classification methods were compared to test their effectiveness for the isolation of plastics samples dispersed in a river habitat. This project represents the first step within a wider research programme, with the aim to define a new approach for future river pollution monitoring.
Does load management using the acute:chronic workload ratio prevent health problems? A cluster randomised trial of 482 elite youth footballers of both sexes
Authors: Dalen-Lorentsen Torstein , Bjørneboe John , Clarsen Benjamin , Vagle Markus , Fagerland Morten Wang , Andersen Thor Einar 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) is commonly used to manage training load in sports, particularly to reduce injury risk. However, despite its extensive application as a prevention intervention, the effectiveness of load management using ACWR has never been evaluated in an experimental study.AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of a load management intervention designed to reduce the prevalence of health problems among elite youth football players of both sexes.MethodsWe cluster-randomised 34 elite youth football teams (16 females, 18 males) to an intervention group (18 teams) and a control group (16 teams). Intervention group coaches planned all training based on published ACWR load management principles using a commercially available athlete management system for a complete 10-month season. Control group coaches continued to plan training as normal. The prevalence of health problems was measured monthly in both groups using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems.ResultsThe between-group difference in health problem prevalence (primary outcome) was 1.8%-points (−4.1 to 7.7 %-points; p=0.55) with no reduction in the likelihood of reporting a health problem in the intervention group (relative risk 1.01 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.12); p=0.84) compared with the control group.ConclusionsWe observed no between-group difference, suggesting that this specific load management intervention was not successful in preventing health problems in elite youth footballers.Trial registration numberISRCTN18177140.
Differential yield of universal versus selective drug susceptibility testing of patients with tuberculosis in high-burden countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Svadzian Anita , Sulis Giorgia , Gore Genevieve , Pai Madhukar , Denkinger Claudia M 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionAlthough universal drug susceptibility testing (DST) is a component of the End-TB Strategy, over 70% of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) cases globally remain undetected. This detection gap reflects difficulties in DST scale-up and substantial heterogeneity in policies and implemented practices. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether implementation of universal DST yields increased DR-TB detection compared with only selectively testing high-risk groups.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Global Health, Cochrane Library and Web of Science Core Collection were searched for publications reporting on the differential yield of universal versus selective DST implementation on the proportion of DR-TB, from January 2007 to June 2019. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate respective pooled proportions of DR-TB cases detected; Higgins test and prediction intervals were used to assess between-study heterogeneity. We adapted an existing risk-of-bias assessment tool for prevalence studies.ResultsOf 18 736 unique citations, 101 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. All studies used WHO-endorsed DST methods, and most (87.1%) involved both high-risk groups and the general population. We found only cross-sectional, observational, non-randomised studies that compared universal with selective DST strategies. Only four studies directly compared the testing approaches in the same study population, with the proportion of DR-TB cases detected ranging from 2.2% (95% CI: 1.4% to 3.2%) to 12.8% (95% CI: 11.4% to 14.3%) with selective testing, versus 4.4% (95% CI: 3.3% to 5.8%) to 9.8% (95% CI: 8.9% to 10.7%) with universal testing. Broad population studies were very heterogeneous. The vast majority (88/101; 87.1%) reported on the results of universal testing. However, while 37 (36.6%)/101 included all presumptive TB cases, an equal number of studies applied sputum-smear as a preselection criterion. A meaningful meta-analysis was not possible.ConclusionGiven the absence of randomised studies and the paucity of studies comparing strategies head to head, and selection bias in many studies that applied universal testing, our findings have limited generalisability. The lack of evidence reinforces the need for better data to inform policies.
AI enabled suicide prediction tools: a qualitative narrative review
Authors: D’Hotman Daniel , Loh Erwin 
Published: October 2020

Background:Suicide poses a significant health burden worldwide. In many cases, people at risk of suicide do not engage with their doctor or community due to concerns about stigmatisation and forced medical treatment; worse still, people with mental illness (who form a majority of people who die from suicide) may have poor insight into their mental state, and not self-identify as being at risk. These issues are exacerbated by the fact that doctors have difficulty in identifying those at risk of suicide when they do present to medical services. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) present opportunities for the development of novel tools for predicting suicide.Method:We searched Google Scholar and PubMed for articles relating to suicide prediction using artificial intelligence from 2017 onwards.Conclusions:This paper presents a qualitative narrative review of research focusing on two categories of suicide prediction tools: medical suicide prediction and social suicide prediction. Initial evidence is promising: AI-driven suicide prediction could improve our capacity to identify those at risk of suicide, and, potentially, save lives. Medical suicide prediction may be relatively uncontroversial when it pays respect to ethical and legal principles; however, further research is required to determine the validity of these tools in different contexts. Social suicide prediction offers an exciting opportunity to help identify suicide risk among those who do not engage with traditional health services. Yet, efforts by private companies such as Facebook to use online data for suicide prediction should be the subject of independent review and oversight to confirm safety, effectiveness and ethical permissibility.
Deconvolution of monocyte responses in inflammatory bowel disease reveals an IL-1 cytokine network that regulates IL-23 in genetic and acquired IL-10 resistance
Authors: Aschenbrenner Dominik , Quaranta Maria , Banerjee Soumya , Ilott Nicholas , Jansen Joanneke , Steere Boyd , Chen Yin-Huai , Ho Stephen , Cox Karen , Arancibia-Cárcamo Carolina V , Coles Mark , Gaffney Eamonn , Travis Simon PL , Denson Lee , Kugathasan Subra , Schmitz Jochen , Powrie Fiona , Sansom Stephen N , Uhlig Holm H 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveDysregulated immune responses are the cause of IBDs. Studies in mice and humans suggest a central role of interleukin (IL)-23-producing mononuclear phagocytes in disease pathogenesis. Mechanistic insights into the regulation of IL-23 are prerequisite for selective IL-23 targeting therapies as part of personalised medicine.DesignWe performed transcriptomic analysis to investigate IL-23 expression in human mononuclear phagocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We investigated the regulation of IL-23 expression and used single-cell RNA sequencing to derive a transcriptomic signature of hyperinflammatory monocytes. Using gene network correlation analysis, we deconvolved this signature into components associated with homeostasis and inflammation in patient biopsy samples.ResultsWe characterised monocyte subsets of healthy individuals and patients with IBD that express IL-23. We identified autosensing and paracrine sensing of IL-1α/IL-1β and IL-10 as key cytokines that control IL-23-producing monocytes. Whereas Mendelian genetic defects in IL-10 receptor signalling induced IL-23 secretion after lipopolysaccharide stimulation, whole bacteria exposure induced IL-23 production in controls via acquired IL-10 signalling resistance. We found a transcriptional signature of IL-23-producing inflammatory monocytes that predicted both disease and resistance to antitumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy and differentiated that from an IL-23-associated lymphocyte differentiation signature that was present in homeostasis and in disease.ConclusionOur work identifies IL-10 and IL-1 as critical regulators of monocyte IL-23 production. We differentiate homeostatic IL-23 production from hyperinflammation-associated IL-23 production in patients with severe ulcerating active Crohn’s disease and anti-TNF treatment non-responsiveness. Altogether, we identify subgroups of patients with IBD that might benefit from IL-23p19 and/or IL-1α/IL-1β-targeting therapies upstream of IL-23.
Construction of an area-deprivation index for 2869 counties in China: a census-based approach
Authors: Wang Zhicheng , Chan Kit Yee , Poon Adrienne N , Homma Kirsten , Guo Yan 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundA paucity of data has made it challenging to construct a deprivation index at the lowest administrative, or county, level in China. An index is required to guide health equity monitoring and resource allocation to regions of greatest need. This study used China’s 2010 census data to construct a county-level area-deprivation index (CADI).MethodsData for 2869 counties from China’s 2010 census were used to generate a CADI. Eleven indicators across four domains of deprivation were selected for principal component analysis with standardisation of the first principal component. Sensitivity analysis was used to test whether the population size and weighting method affected the index’s robustness. Deprived counties identified by the CADI were then compared with China’s official list of poverty-stricken counties.ResultsThe first principal component explained 60.38% of the total variation in the deprivation indicators. The CADI ranged from the least deprived value of −2.71 to the most deprived value of 2.92, with SD of 1. The CADI was found to be robust against county-level population size and different weighting methods. When compared with the official list of poverty-stricken counties in China, the deprived counties identified by the CADI were found to be even more deprived.ConclusionConstructing a robust area-deprivation index for China at the county level based on population census data is feasible. The CADI is a potential policy tool to identify China’s most deprived areas. In the future, it may support health equity monitoring and comparison at the national and subnational levels.
Neuraxial and regional anesthesia in surgical patients with osteogenesis imperfecta: a narrative review of literature
Authors: Beethe Amy R , Bohannon Nicholas A , Ogun Oluwaseye Ayoola , Wallace Maegen J , Esposito Paul W , Lockhart Thomas J , Hamlin Ryan J , Williams Jasper R , Goeller Jessica K 
Published: October 2020

Background and objectives
Regional and neuraxial anesthesia techniques have become instrumental in the perioperative period yet have not been well described in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a congenital connective tissue disorder characterized by skeletal dysplasia and fragility. Patients with skeletal dysplasia present unique perioperative challenges that warrant consideration of these techniques despite their relative contraindication in this population due to reports of increased bleeding with surgery, skeletal fragility concerns with positioning, and risk of spinal cord injury with continuous neuraxial catheters. The aim of this narrative review was to evaluate literature describing the use of regional and neuraxial techniques in patients with OI and any associated clinical outcomes.

Methods
All available literature from inception to July 2020 was retrieved, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, from MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar and The Cochrane Library. Three authors reviewed all references for eligibility, abstracted data, and appraised quality.

Results
Of 412 articles initially identified, 42 met our inclusion criteria, yielding 161 cases with regional and/or neuraxial techniques described. In 117 (72.6%) of the 161 cases, neuraxial technique was performed, including 76 (64.9%) epidural, 7 (5.9%) caudal, 5 (4.2%) combined spinal epidural, and 29 (24.7%) spinal procedures. In 44 (27.4%) of the 161 cases, the use of regional anesthesia was described. Our review was confounded by incomplete data reporting and small sample sizes, as most were case reports. There were no randomized controlled trials, and the two single-center retrospective data reviews lacked sufficient data to perform meta-analysis. While complications or negative outcomes related to these techniques were not reported in any of the cases, less than half specifically discuss outcomes beyond placement and immediate postoperative course.

Conclusions
There is insufficient evidence to validate or refute the potential risks associated with the use of regional and neuraxial techniques in patients with OI. This review did not uncover any reports of negative sequelae related to the use of these modalities to support relative contraindication in this population; however, further research is needed to adequately assess clinically relevant outcomes such as complications and opioid-sparing effect.
Improving fermion mass hierarchy in grand gauge–Higgs unification with localized gauge kinetic terms
Authors: Maru Nobuhito , Yatagai Yoshiki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGrand gauge–Higgs unification of five dimensional SU(6) gauge theory on an orbifold $$S^1/Z_2$$

S
1

/

Z
2

with localized gauge kinetic terms is discussed. The Standard model (SM) fermions on one of the boundaries and some massive bulk fermions coupling to the SM fermions on the boundary are introduced, so that they respect an SU(5) symmetry structure. The SM fermion masses including top quark are reproduced by mild tuning the bulk masses and parameters of the localized gauge kinetic terms. Gauge coupling universality is not guaranteed by the presence of the localized gauge kinetic terms and it severely constrains the Higgs vacuum expectation value. Higgs potential analysis shows that the electroweak symmetry breaking occurs by introducing additional bulk fermions in simplified representations. The localized gauge kinetic terms enhance the magnitude of the compactification scale, which helps Higgs boson mass large. Indeed the observed Higgs boson mass 125 GeV is obtained.
Constraining the spacetime spin using time delay in stationary axisymmetric spacetimes
Authors: Liu Haotian , Jia Junji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTotal travel timetand time delay$$\Delta t$$Δtbetween images of gravitational lensing (GL) in the equatorial plane of stationary axisymmetric (SAS) spacetimes for null and timelike signals with arbitrary velocity are studied. Using a perturbative method in the weak field limit,tin general SAS spacetimes is expressed as a quasi-series of the impact parameterbwith coefficients involving the source-lens distance$$r_s$$rsand lens-detector distances$$r_d$$rd, signal velocityv, and asymptotic expansion coefficients of the metric functions. The time delay$$\Delta t$$Δtto the leading order(s) were shown to be determined by the spacetime massM, spin angular momentumaand post-Newtonian parameter$$\gamma $$γ, and kinematic variables$$r_s,~r_d,~v$$rs,rd,vand source angular position$$\beta $$β. When$$\beta \ll \sqrt{aM}/r_{s,d}$$β≪aM/rs,d,$$\Delta t$$Δtis dominated by the contribution linear to spina. Modeling the Sgr A* supermassive black hole as a Kerr–Newman black hole, we show that as long as$$\beta \lesssim 1.5\times 10^{-5}$$β≲1.5×10-5[$$^{\prime \prime }$$″], then$$\Delta t$$Δtwill be able to reach the$$\mathcal {O}(1)$$O(1)second level, which is well within the time resolution of current GRB, gravitational wave and neutrino observatories. Therefore measuring$$\Delta t$$Δtin GL of these signals will allow us to constrain the spin of the Sgr A*.