bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Access to family planning for youth: perspectives of young family planning leaders from 40 countries
Authors: Cartwright Alice F. , Otai Jane , Maytan-Joneydi Amelia , McGuire Courtney , Sullivan Emily , Olumide Adesola , Baye Easton Catherine , Speizer Ilene S. 
Published: November 2019

Background: With growing populations of young people, low and middle-income countries have renewed focus on reaching both unmarried and married youth with family planning (FP) services. Young people themselves bring an important perspective to guide future programmatic directions. Methods: In October 2018, 207 youth leaders in FP from around the world completed an online survey prior to their participation at the International Conference on Family Planning (ICFP). These youth leaders provided their perspectives on the most important influencers for youth FP use, how easy or hard it is for youth to obtain FP, preferred sources of FP methods for youth, and perceptions of commonly used terms in FP programming. We examined differences in perceptions of unmarried and married youth’s access to and use of FP using bivariate analyses. Results: Respondents reported that peers/friends were the most important influencer on use of FP among unmarried youth (80.2%), while spouse/partner was the most important for married youth (80.4%). Oral contraceptive pills, injectable contraception, and contraceptive implants were perceived as significantly harder for unmarried youth to access. Privacy, confidentiality, and anonymity were all important factors for the locations to access FP for unmarried youth, while married youth were more influenced by cost. None of the commonly used terms for FP were perceived positively by a majority of respondents, with the exception of ‘birth spacing’ by African respondents (51.0%). Conclusions: These findings indicate that the preferences and needs of unmarried youth are different than married youth, but that all young people face barriers accessing FP. Unmarried youth seeking FP are more influenced by peers and friends and continue to face difficulty accessing methods compared to married youth. These findings indicate the importance of including youth perspectives in development of youth-focused family planning programs.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Benzimidazole - Dihydroartemisinin Hybrids as Potential Dual Acting Antimalarial Agents
Authors: Ajima Ukpe , Onah Johnson Ogoda , Wannang Noel Nenman 
Published: November 2019

Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by various species of the Plasmodium parasite. In 2016, there were about 216 million cases resulting in 445,000 deaths, with sub-saharan Africa bearing the heaviest burden of the disease. The currently recommended treatment for malariaÂ are combination therapies containing Artemisinin (ACTâ€™s). However, the effectiveness of the Artemisinins is being compromised by the emergence of resistance to the drug and this amplifies the need for new antimalarial drugs. The Benzimidazole scaffold is one of the privileged structures in medicinal chemistry and is associated with a number of biological activities including antimalarial activity which may be through inhibition of the Plasmodial plasmepsin II enzyme. The present study utilizes the concept of molecular hybridization to synthesize hybrid compounds that contain two pharmacophores, acting through two distinct mechanisms. The aim is to improve efficacy and possibly prevent or slow down the emergence of parasite resistance. To confirm their structures, the conjugates were purified by chromatography and characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Mass spectrometry and Infra-red spectroscopy. Antimalarial activities of the hybrids were evaluated in-vitro against the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum using the parasite Lactate dehydrogenase assay. The hybrids were successfully synthesized with yields ranging from 63.48 percent to 67.60 percent and were all active against the parasite. The Mebendazole conjugate of dihydroartemisinin showed the highest activity with IC50 of 6.861 nM and 6.967 nM for the 5-Benzimidazolecarboxylic acid conjugate of dihydroartemisinin. All the compounds showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in activity as compared to Dihydroartemisinin and Chloroquine alone. These hybrid compounds with improved physicochemical and pharmacological properties may serve as templates for the development of a new class of anitmalarial drugs, which possess advantages over existing drugs in terms of effectiveness and also the ability to overcome the problem of resistance during malaria chemotherapy.
Comparatismo cimarrón: un método supranacional
Authors: Croce Marcela 
Published: November 2019

El artículo establece la necesidad de desarrollar una teoría y un método enunciados desde Latinoamérica para abordar la cultura latinoamericana, libre de los modelos de academias metropolitanas que postulan abolir el colonialismo pero operan una colonización intelectual sobre el mismo objeto abordado.La propuesta consiste en una variante del comparatismo que articula la dimensión comarcana postulada por Ángel Rama, la cual permite organizar segmentos dentro de la cultura continental, y la dimensión supranacional que se ofrece como síntesis respecto de los abordajes transnacionales. Además de trazar los principios de este comparatismo que se aparta de la formulación clásica del método e incorpora teorías propiamente latinoamericanas, el texto presenta a Brasil como ejemplo puntual de abordaje comparatista respecto de Hispanoamérica.
Социальные боты как инструмент развития гражданского участия
Authors: Василькова Валерия Валентиновна , Легостаева Наталья Игоревна , Радушевский Владимир Борисович 
Published: November 2019

Статья посвящена социальным ботам — автоматизированным программным комплексам, позволяющим распространять информацию с большой скоростью и эффективностью, в том числе за счет имитации поведения реальных пользователей социальных сетей. В силу резонансных процессов использования социальных ботов, в первую очередь в политической коммуникации (электоральные практики, астротурфинг, манипуляция общественным мнением и др.), в фокус внимания исследователей попадают «злонамеренные» боты. Авторы статьи придерживаются более широкого подхода к социальным ботам, рассматривая их как нейтральный инструмент информационного воздействия, который может использоваться различными социальными агентами как в целях распространения манипулятивной дезинформации, так и в целях конструктивной пропаганды интересов различных групп гражданского общества, создавая «эффект мегафона». В этом плане предлагается рассматривать использование социальных ботов как инструмента для реализации различных форм гражданского участия. В связи с этим в статье решаются следующие задачи: 1) анализ источников, описывающих практики использования социальных ботов для расширения гражданского участия в разных странах; 2) выявление и описание социальных ботов в социальной сети «ВКонтакте», используемых гражданскими активистами. Для этого применяется: 1) комплексная авторская методика, объединяющая метод частотного анализа размещаемых сообщений, профайлинг бот-аккаунтов, включающий статичный и поведенческий анализ данных профиля пользователя, визуализацию графов соотношения «текст — автор», анализ структурной организации бот-сети (ботнета), а также анализ контента публикаций; 2) дополнительная методика по всплескам сетевой публикационной активности. В результате были выявлены три ботнета («Обманутые дольщики ЛенСпецСтроя», «Новости жителей Кудрово», «Новости жителей Мурино»), анализ контента которых позволяет говорить о реализации ими различных форм гражданского участия: представление интересов групп гражданского общества, призыв к совместным активным действиям в онлайн- и офлайн-пространстве, социальный контроль за деятельностью чиновников, обеспечение прозрачности информации, поступающей от государственных и бизнес-структур.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено в рамках гранта РФФИ 18-011-00988 «Структура бот-пространства онлайн социальных сетей: сетевой анализ". Исследования проведены с использованием оборудования ресурсного центра Научного парка СПбГУ «Центр социологических и Интернет-исследований».
Корпоративные войны и иные способы тестирования решений проблем системы электронного здравоохранения в Чили
Authors: Годой Серхио Хосе , Бастиас Габриэль 
Published: November 2019

Как и во многих других странах ОЭСР, система оказания медицинских услуг населению в Чили испытывает большое давление в связи с большой продолжительностью жизни и увеличением доли пожилого населения. Нехватка мер превентивного характера указывает на то, что система вмешивается лишь тогда, когда нужно устранить значительные проблемы со здоровьем. Задача является дорогостоящей из-за растущего числа пожилых людей. На основе данных автоматизированного колл-центра и специального интернет-сайта авторы статьи протестировали прототип онлайн-ресурса Bienestando по профилактике здоровья среди пожилых чилийцев. Сервис Bienestando родился благодаря тому преимуществу, что уровень распространения интернета в стране высок, а целевая группа широко пользуется им с целью получения информации о здоровье.
Данная статья – скорее попытка предвидеть то, как покажет себя стратегия популяризовать данный ресурс, нежели описать сам прототип и его эффект. Авторы использовали многосторонний подход к информированию населения по вопросам здоровья, комбинируя его с методами конкурентной разведки, а именно: редкое сочетание корпоративных военных игр и анализа сценариев. Обычно эти прогностические методики используются в стратегическом бизнес планировании. В данном исследовании они были применены для выработки правдоподобных способов обобщения результатов исследования. Такой подход согласуется с научными принципами, частью которых является установка на использование научного знания для решения конкретных проблем; в данном случае в целях содействия профилактике здоровья в связи с процессом старения населения в Чили.
PENYUSUNAN ZONA KONSERVASI DAN PEMANFAATAN AKUIFER BEBAS PADA CEKUNGAN AIRTANAH PAGATAN KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU, KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Harjanto Agus , Putranto Thomas Triadi , David Widyanto 
Published: November 2019

Pagatan groundwater basin is located on Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan Province with 506.714 Ha or 13,5% from South Kalimantan total area. The increasing of population also affect the water demand as a human primary need. As one of the best sources for clean water, groundwater is being intensively extracted to fulfill the need of clean water until it becomes uncontrollable and damage the supply and demand equilibrium. This groundwater extraction has been turning uncontrollaby and decreasing the quantity and quality of groundwater. The purpose of this study is to know the water tables, to know the quality of groundwater, to determine the category of conservation zone and areas to be protected, and suitability of spatial planning of the region with conservation zone of research area. The method for this research is qualitative observation and descriptive. The method of observation is the measurement of water table, and sampling of wells, while the method of analysis is data processing which is done based on primary and secondary data obtained on field research data to determine the zone of conservation and groundwater utilization in in research area.The result showed that unconfined groundwater aquifers have groundwater flow pattern spreading flow towards South and Southwest. From the 150 groundwater samples, there are 9 samples that do not meet the requirements for drinking water.The construction of groundwater conservation zone is based on groundwater availability factor, the similarity of groundwater damage.
Grenzstellenarbeit in transnationalen Arbeitsumgebungen
Authors: Bredenkötter Bastian 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel nutzt den ‚Workscapes‘-Ansatz von Felstead, Jewson und Walters, um die Grenzstellenarbeit von Expatriate-Managern in multinationalen Unternehmen (MNUs) zu untersuchen. Er schlägt vor, die Arbeitsumgebung von Expatriates als ‚transnational workscape‘ zu beschreiben, und zeigt, dass die Merkmale dieser transnationalen Arbeitsumgebung – die Translokalität von Arbeitsstätten und die Transkulturalität des ‚neuen‘ Büros – mit Herausforderungen einhergehen, deren Bewältigung zu den zentralen Aspekten der Arbeit als Boundary-Spanner in MNUs zählt und folgenreich für die Arbeits- und Lebensbedingungen der Beschäftigten ist. Der Artikel führt damit einen konzeptionellen Rahmen in die deutschsprachige Diskussion um die neuen Räume der Arbeit und zugleich eine raumsensible Perspektive in die Expatriate-Forschung ein und demonstriert ihren Nutzen. Mit den Begriffen der ‚transnationalen Arbeitsumgebung‘ und des ‚transkulturellen Büros‘ werden zudem Beiträge zur Weiterentwicklung des Workscapes-Ansatzes geleistet, indem diesem eine systematische Perspektive auf die Globalisierung von Arbeit hinzugefügt wird.
Diagnostic error in an ophthalmic emergency department
Authors: Yip Harry , Crock Carmel , Chan Elsie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Diagnostic error is a major preventable cause of harm to patients. There is currently limited data in the literature on the rates of misdiagnosis of doctors working in an ophthalmic emergency department (ED). Misdiagnosis was defined as a presumed diagnosis being proven incorrect upon further investigation or review.

Methods
In this retrospective audit, data was collected and analysed from 1 week of presentations at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (RVEEH) ED.

Results
There were 534 ophthalmic presentations during the study period. The misdiagnosis rates of referrers were: general practitioners (30%), optometrists (25.5%), external hospital EDs (18.8%), external hospital ophthalmology departments (25%) and private ophthalmologists (0%). Misdiagnosis rates of RVEEH doctors were: emergency registrars (7.1%), RVEEH residents (16.7%), first-year registrars (5.1%), second-year registrars (7.1%), third-year registrars (7.7%), fourth-year registrars (0%), senior registrars (6.9%), fellows (0%) and consultants (8.3%).

Conclusions
The misdiagnosis rates in our study were comparable to general medical diagnostic error rates of 10–15%. This study acts as a novel pilot; in the future, a larger-scale multi-centre audit of ophthalmic presentations to general emergency departments should be undertaken to further investigate diagnostic error.
Updates to referring clinicians regarding critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit: a state-wide survey
Authors: Cifra Christina L. , Tigges Cody R. , Miller Sarah L. , Herwaldt Loreen A. , Singh Hardeep 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Front-line clinicians are expected to make accurate and timely diagnostic decisions before transferring patients to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) but may not always learn their patients’ outcomes. We evaluated the characteristics of post-transfer updates received by referring clinicians regarding PICU patients and determined preferences regarding content, delivery, and timing of such updates.

Methods
We administered an electronic cross-sectional survey to Iowa clinicians who billed for ≥5 pediatric patients or referred ≥1 patient to the University of Iowa (UI) PICU in the year before survey administration.

Results
One hundred and one clinicians (51 non-UI, 50 UI-affiliated) responded. Clinicians estimated that, on average, 8% of pediatric patients they saw over 1 year required PICU admission; clinicians received updates on 40% of patients. Seventy percent of UI clinicians obtained updates via self-initiated electronic record review, while 37% of non-UI clinicians relied on PICU communication (p = 0.013). Clinicians indicated that updates regarding diagnoses/outcomes will be most relevant to their practice. Among clinicians who received updates, 13% received unexpected information; 40% changed their practice as a result.

Conclusions
Clinicians received updates on less than half of the patients they referred to a PICU, although such updates could potentially influence clinical practice. Study findings will inform the development of a formal feedback system from the PICU to referring clinicians.
Andauerndes Ringen um Teilhabe
Authors: Hinger Sophie , Kirchhoff Maren 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, welche Auswirkungen das 2015 eingeführte Verbot Abschiebungen anzukündigen auf lokale kollektive Mobilisierungen gegen Abschiebungen und damit verbundene gesellschaftliche Teilhabemöglichkeiten für die Betroffenen hatte. Anhand zweier qualitativer Fallstudien von Protesten gegen Dublin-Abschiebungen in der niedersächsischen Stadt Osnabrück, wo 2014/15 sowie 2017 zahlreiche Abschiebungen durch Versammlungen vor Unterkünften verhindert wurden, zeigen wir, dass Proteste gegen Abschiebungen als ein permanentes Ringen um Teilhabe zu verstehen sind, welches nicht nur durch nationale Gesetzgebung, sondern durch multi-skalare Möglichkeitsstrukturen geprägt ist.
Irreducible and permutative representations of ultragraph Leavitt path algebras
Authors: Gonçalves Daniel , Royer Danilo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We completely characterize perfect, permutative, irreducible representations of an ultragraph Leavitt path algebra.
For this, we extend to ultragraph Leavitt path algebras Chen’s construction of irreducible representations of Leavitt path algebras.
We show that these representations can be built from branching system and characterize irreducible representations associated to perfect branching systems.
Along the way, we improve the characterization of faithfulness of Chen’s irreducible representations.
A sociolinguistic analysis of the use of English loanwords inflected with Arabic morphemes as slang in Amman, Jordan
Authors: Zibin Aseel , AL-Tkhayneh Khawlah M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study aims to examine the use of English loanwords inflected with Arabic morphemes by young people in Amman, Jordan. It adopts a quantitative corpus-based approach supported by qualitative data. We collected data from young Facebook male and female users who come from families with different socio-economic status, and we conducted semi-structured interviews with 60 students at the University of Jordan to get more insight into the attitudes of young individuals in Jordan who use these English loanwords, and to account for the reasons that drive these individuals to use them. Data analysis shows that the participants’ gender and socioeconomic status are major factors that affect the use of these loanwords. Data analysis also reveals that these English loanwords could be used as a form of slang by a certain group of young individuals in Amman to claim a specific social identity and an in-group membership that distinguishes them from another group of young individuals who do not use these words. We argued that a number of symbolic values could be attached to the use of English loanwords inflected with Arabic morphemes by that group and analysed the reasons behind such linguistic behaviour.
Oscillating shear capillary rheometry (OSCAR) for polymer melts
Authors: Nichetti Dario 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Knowing the flow parameters of a polymer melt under steady state condition is required to assess the performance of the material in die and mold design. Often, however, this is not sufficient for a full understanding of the polymer processing behavior, and information on the linear and non-linear viscoelastic behavior is needed. In this paper, the non-linear viscoelastic behavior of a polymer under shear flow has been investigated by measuring the stress response when a cyclic oscillating shear rate in a capillary rheometer is applied. The time-dependent wall shear stress has been decomposed into in-phase viscous and elastic components. A model to interpret the experimental results is presented and applied to a well-characterized polystyrene and two polyethylenes with similar rheology but different molecular structure (HDPE and LLDPE). The relevant characteristics resulting from the model, such as the generalized elastic and viscous modulus under shear, are compared and discussed.
Epikurs Briefsammlung und POxy 76.5077
Authors: Klauck Hans-Josef 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Epicurus is well known as the letter writer par excellence among ancient philosophers. This is shown by examples from Alciphron, Diogenes Laertios, Seneca, and Plutarch. Additionally, the long list of partially preserved letters in the collections of fragments by Usener and Arrighetti is analyzed. These quotes demonstrate the use of letter collections originating with Epicurus and his first students. A new valuable testimony is provided by the publication in 2011 of POxy 5077. Its three fragments are clearly taken from a collection of letters of Epicurus. We find his name in a typical prescript: “Epicurus (to NN), greetings”. Leonteus and Mithres of the founding generation are mentioned. The copying of letters and the exchange of documents within the Epicurean community are fully on display. The little known shipwreck suffered by Epicurus is alluded to. All this is not without interest for students of early Christian letter collections.
Early Signs of Inflammation With Mild Oxidative Stress in Mixed Martial Arts Athletes After Simulated Combat
Authors: Gomes-Santos José Alberto Fernandes , Lambertucci Rafael Herlich , Vardaris Cristina Vasconcelos , Passos Maria Elizabeth Pereira , Silva-Junior Edenilson Pinto , Hatanaka Elaine , Gorjão Renata , McAnulty Steven Roy , Souza-Junior Tácito Pessoa , Barros Marcelo Paes de 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Gomes-Santos, JAF, Lambertucci, RH, Vardaris, CV, Passos, MEP, Silva-Junior, EP, Hatanaka, E, Gorjão, R, McAnulty, SR, Souza-Junior, TP, and Barros, MP. Early signs of inflammation with mild oxidative stress in Mixed Martial Arts athletes after simulated combat. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 180–186, 2022—Combat sports involve a combination of strenuous physical activity, usually at the anaerobic threshold, followed by intermittent low-intensity recovery periods for energy re-establishment. Oxidative stress and inflammation are inevitable exercise-related processes that could drastically affect athletic performance and practitioners' health, unless efficiently controlled during and after physical activities. This study aims to measure oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in the plasma of 12 top ranked professional Mixed Martial Arts (MMAs) athletes before and after simulated combats under official rules (pre-post study). Our results show that the athletes exhibited mild oxidative imbalances in plasma, evidenced by significant (p < 0.01) higher contents of both reduced (+7.3%) and oxidized glutathione (+28%), uric acid (+21%), and “free” iron (+21%) after combat, whereas variation tendencies (0.05 < p < 0.01) were observed in the antioxidant capacity in plasma (−40%), and SOD (−27%) or GPX (+20%) antioxidant activities in erythrocytes. However, a clear pro-inflammatory state was detected by increases in circulating cytokines IL-6 (+6,020%), IL-1β (+4,357%), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (+63%), and by an abrupt drop of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (−98%). A significant correlation was observed between pre-post variations of IL-6 and GSH/GSSG ratio in plasma (p < 0.0001), which reinforces the integration between oxidative stress and inflammation during MMA combats. Considering metabolic and mechanical stresses (imposed by combat techniques, e.g., punches and joint locks), this study indicates pre-existing inflammation, although minor oxidative stress, in MMA professionals after combat.