bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying children at high risk for infection-related decompensation using a predictive emergency department-based electronic assessment tool
Authors: Sepanski Robert J. , Zaritsky Arno L. , Godambe Sandip A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Electronic alert systems to identify potential sepsis in children presenting to the emergency department (ED) often either alert too frequently or fail to detect earlier stages of decompensation where timely treatment might prevent serious outcomes.

Methods
We created a predictive tool that continuously monitors our hospital’s electronic health record during ED visits. The tool incorporates new standards for normal/abnormal vital signs based on data from ∼1.2 million children at 169 hospitals. Eighty-two gold standard (GS) sepsis cases arising within 48 h were identified through retrospective chart review of cases sampled from 35,586 ED visits during 2012 and 2014–2015. An additional 1,027 cases with high severity of illness (SOI) based on 3 M’s All Patient Refined – Diagnosis-Related Groups (APR-DRG) were identified from these and 26,026 additional visits during 2017. An iterative process assigned weights to main factors and interactions significantly associated with GS cases, creating an overall “score” that maximized the sensitivity for GS cases and positive predictive value for high SOI outcomes.

Results
Tool implementation began August 2017; subsequent improvements resulted in 77% sensitivity for identifying GS sepsis within 48 h, 22.5% positive predictive value for major/extreme SOI outcomes, and 2% overall firing rate of ED patients. The incidence of high-severity outcomes increased rapidly with tool score. Admitted alert positive patients were hospitalized nearly twice as long as alert negative patients.

Conclusions
Our ED-based electronic tool combines high sensitivity in predicting GS sepsis, high predictive value for physiologic decompensation, and a low firing rate. The tool can help optimize critical treatments for these high-risk children.
Plugging mechanisms of polymer gel used for hydraulic fracture water shutoff
Authors: Zhang Song , Wei Falin , Liu Pingde , Shao Liming , Li Weitao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The performance of polymer gel to plug a hydraulic fracture is greatly affected by its distribution patterns and gelling effect. In this study, the migration of a gel plugging agent in a fracture and its plugging after gelling were investigated by physical simulation experiments. In addition, the distribution patterns of the gel plugging agent and its plugging mechanism after gelling were investigated in detail. The results of this study revealed that the migration flowing behavior of the gel solution in a fracture can be divided into three streams: fracture flow, leak off flow, and matrix flow. Such behavior distributed the gel in three different patterns after gelling: gel clusters in the fracture, gel layer on the fracture surface, and dispersed gel lumps in the matrix pores-throats. Because of the leak off flow and the difference in components, the gel solution has apparent disproportional leak off–diffusion of components during its migration in a fracture, with less polymer molecules and loss of more cross-linking agent ions. The leak off of the cross-linking agent significantly deteriorates the gelling strength of the polymer gel, affecting its performance to plug a hydraulic fracture. The results also show that when the normalized concentration of the cross-linking agent ions in a fracture is less than 0.6, gel fails to plug the fracture effectively after gelling. When gelling was carried out by in situ cross-linking, polymer gel provided more satisfactory plugging performance than the gelling via ground pre-cross-linking.
Synthesis of flexible poly(l-lactide)-b-polyethylene glycol-b-poly(l-lactide) bioplastics by ring-opening polymerization in the presence of chain extender
Authors: Baimark Yodthong , Rungseesantivanon Wuttipong , Prakymoramas Natcha 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Poly(l-lactide)-b-polyethylene glycol-b-poly(l-lactide) (PLLA-PEG-PLLA) is found to be more flexible than PLLA due to the flexibility of PEG middle blocks. Melt flow and mechanical properties of PLLA-PEG-PLLA were improved through post melt blending with a chain extender (CE). In this work, in situ chain-extended PLLA-PEG-PLLAs were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization in the presence of Joncryl® CE. The influence of CE content (1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 phr) on the gel content, melt flow index (MFI), thermal properties, and mechanical properties of the obtained in situ chain-extended PLLA-PEG-PLLAs was investigated. The gel content of in situ chain-extended PLLA-PEG-PLLA increased while the MFI and degree of crystallinity significantly decreased with increasing CE content. The in situ chain-extended PLLA-PEG-PLLA with 1.0 phr CE showed the best tensile properties. The extensibility of in situ chain-extended PLLA-PEG-PLLA films decreased when the CE contents were higher than 1.0 phr. These in situ chain-extended PLLA-PEG-PLLA films can be used as highly flexible bioplastics.
When the image of a derivation on a uniformly complete 𝑓-algebra is contained in the radical
Authors: Toumi Mohamed Ali 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In 1977, Colville, Davis, and Keimel [Positive derivations on f-rings, J. Aust. Math. Soc. Ser. A 23 1977, 3, 371–375] proved that a positive derivation on an Archimedean f-algebra A has its range in the set of nilpotent elements of A.
The main objective of this paper is to obtain a generalization of the above Colville, Davis and Keimel result to general derivations.
Moreover, we give a new version of the Singer–Wermer conjecture for the class of second-order derivations acting on uniformly complete almost f-algebras.
Higher integrability near the initial boundary for nonhomogeneous parabolic systems of 𝑝-Laplacian type
Authors: Byun Sun-Sig , Kim Wontae , Lim Minkyu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We establish a sharp higher integrability near the initial boundary for a weak solution to the following p-Laplacian type system:

{

u
t

-

div
⁡
𝒜

⁢

(
x
,
t
,

∇
⁡
u

)

=
div

|
F
|

p
-
2

F
+
f

in

⁢

Ω
T

,

u

=

u
0

on

⁢
Ω

×

{
0
}

,

\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle{}u_{t}-\operatorname{div}\mathcal{A}(x,t,%
\nabla u)&\displaystyle=\operatorname{div}\lvert F\rvert^{p-2}F+f&&%
\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{in}\ \Omega_{T},\\
\displaystyle u&\displaystyle=u_{0}&&\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{on}\ \Omega%
\times\{0\},\end{aligned}\right.

by proving that, for given

δ
∈

(
0
,
1
)

{\delta\in(0,1)}

, there exists

ε
>
0

{\varepsilon>0}

depending on δ and the structural data such that

|

∇
⁡

u
0

|

p
+
ε

∈

L
loc
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

and

|
F
|

p
+
ε

,

|
f
|

(

δ
⁢
p
⁢

(

n
+
2

)

n

)

′

+
ε

∈

L
1

⁢

(
0
,
T
;

L
loc
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

)

⟹

|

∇
⁡
u

|

p
+
ε

∈

L
1

⁢

(
0
,
T
;

L
loc
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

)

.

\lvert\nabla u_{0}\rvert^{p+\varepsilon}\in L^{1}_{\operatorname{loc}}(\Omega)%
\quad\text{and}\quad\lvert F\rvert^{p+\varepsilon},\lvert f\rvert^{(\frac{%
\delta p(n+2)}{n})^{\prime}+\varepsilon}\in L^{1}(0,T;L^{1}_{\operatorname{loc%
}}(\Omega))\implies\lvert\nabla u\rvert^{p+\varepsilon}\in L^{1}(0,T;L^{1}_{%
\operatorname{loc}}(\Omega)).

Our regularity results complement established higher regularity theories near the initial boundary for such a nonhomogeneous problem with

f
≢
0

{f\not\equiv 0}

and we provide an optimal regularity theory in the literature.
High contrast ratio for full-designs optical logic gates based on photonic crystal ring resonator
Authors: Bouaouina Mohamed Salah , Lebbal Mohamed Redha , Bouchemat Touraya , Bouchemat Mohamed 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe all-optical logic gates have become an important key enabling in optical integrated circuits and find applications in optical networks. In this paper, we introduce new complete series of optical logic gates using photonic crystals. These designs formed by compilation with interference based defect and resonance phenomenon. The proposed work based on two dimensional square lattices by putting gallium arsenide (GaAs) rods immersed on air background. The maximum contrast ratio and the maximum working bit rates is obtained for the NOT/XOR and OR logic gates equal to 50.81 dB and 12.5 Tb/s, respectively. The simulation and optimization of structure is approved out using Finite-Difference-Time-Domain (FDTD) method and Plane Wave’s Method (PWEM).
The Chinese Advantage in Emergency Law
Authors: Mattei Ugo , Guanghua Liu , Ariano Emanuele 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This Article has a twofold purpose. On the one hand, it offers comparative materials for an informed discussion of COVID-determined emergency law in China and Italy by assessing its normative implications and political genealogy. On the other hand, it explores the essential contiguity between the ‘state of exception’ triggered by the pandemic and the possible geopolitical shifts in global legal hegemony in the actual phase of surveillance capitalism which is witnessing a decline of law as a form of social organization and its replacement by the predictive models elaborated by technology. In this respect, the traditional Western iconography has long described the Chinese legal tradition as a “law without law”, a despotic regime with intrusive population surveillance whose distance from the Western paradigm is deemed almost unbridgeable. And yet the legal response to coronavirus both in Europe and in the U.S. somewhat replicates the allegedly distant Chinese model in terms of restrictions and surveillance mechanisms which are being deployed to counter the crisis in the face of a formal commitment to the rule of law. This Article concludes that the emerging pre-eminence of the “rule of technology” over the “rule of law” in a critical event of historic proportions like a pandemic should and will set the future agenda of comparative studies in a double direction. On the one hand it calls for a truly critical reconsideration of role of law in society which in turn impels to rethink the hold of the liberal constitutional model and the obsolescence of traditional legal taxonomies. On the other hand, it might point to the emergence of an unexpected Chinese legal leadership, determined by the progressive undoing of the Western legal and political narratives whose backbone has been relentlessly eroded by decades of neoliberalism and populism.
Inheritance of static bending properties and classification of load-deflection curves in Cryptomeria japonica
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke , Ishiguri Futoshi , Aiso Haruna , Takashima Yuya , Hiraoka Yuichiro , Iki Taiichi , Ohshima Jyunichi , Iizuka Kazuya , Yokota Shinso 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
To clarify inheritance of static bending properties in relation to elastic and plastic regions, air-dry density, microfibril angle of the S2 layer in latewood tracheid (MFA), and static bending properties (modulus of elasticity [MOE], modulus of rupture [MOR] and bending work) were examined for juvenile wood of 18 full-sib families in 20-year-old Cryptomeria japonica. Heritability of all traits ranged from 0.12 (bending work) to 0.51 (air-dry density). Based on the results from principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, the families were classified into four groups with different types of load-deflection curves, suggesting that both elastic properties and deflection in plastic region differed among families. Furthermore, families included in a group were produced from specific parents, suggesting that deflection in plastic region as well as elastic property is inheritable. It can be concluded that mating parents may affect elasticity and plasticity of offspring.
Facile fractionation of bamboo hydrolysate and characterization of isolated lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes
Authors: Wang Xiaodi , Zhang Yongchao , Wang Luyao , Wang Xiaoju , Hou Qingxi , Willför Stefan , Fu Yingjuan , Qin Menghua , Xu Chunlin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
An efficient separation technology for hydrolysates towards a full valorization of bamboo is still a tough challenge, especially regarding the lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs). The present study aimed to develop a facile approach using organic solvent extraction for efficiently fractionating the main components of bamboo hydrolysates. The high-purity lignin with only a trace of carbohydrates was first obtained by precipitation of the bamboo hydrolysate. The water-soluble lignin (WSL) fraction was extracted in organic solvent through a three-stage organic solvent extraction process, and the hemicellulosic sugars with increased purity were also collected. Furthermore, a thorough characterization including various NMR techniques (31P, 13C, and 2D-HSQC), GPC, and GC-MS was conducted to the obtained lignin-rich-fractions. It was found that the WSL fraction contained abundant functional groups and tremendous amount of LCC structures. As compared to native LCC of bamboo, the WSL fraction exhibited more typical LCC linkages, i.e. phenyl glycoside linkage, which is the main type of chemical linkage between lignin and carbohydrate in both LCC samples. The results demonstrate that organic phase extraction is a highly efficient protocol for the fractionation of hydrolysate and the isolation of LCC-rich streams possessing great potential applications.
Chemical improvement of surfaces. Part 6: enhanced flame retardancy of Scots pine sapwood by covalent modification with phosphorus and boron functionalized benzoates
Authors: Ehrhardt Christopher , Tapken Marco , Namyslo Jan C. , Kaufmann Dieter E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The broad applicability of the wood modification protocol recently published by Kaufmann et al. allows to improve the fire resistance of renewable materials, too. In this study organophosphorus and organoboron compounds have been synthesized, characterized and subsequently applied for enhanced flame retardancy of wood. Wood hydroxyl groups of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood veneer chips were covalently modified upon esterification with benzotriazolyl-activated P- and B-substituted benz-amides. The efficacy of this synthetic strategy was demonstrated by the weight percent gain (WPG) of up to 32% and the corresponding quantities of covalently bonded organicmaterial (QCO) of up to 1.1 mmol/g, respectively. The successful covalent attachment of the functional precursors was proven by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). The effect of the flame retardants on the properties of the modified sapwood samples was shown by a significant decrease of the temperature of mass loss from about 346–248 °C in the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Evaluating internal condition of hardwood logs based on AR-minimum entropy deconvolution combined with wavelet based spectral kurtosis approach
Authors: Xu Feng , Liu Yunfei , Wang Xiping , Brashaw Brian K. , Yeary Lon A. , Ross Robert J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of this research was to explore the potential of acoustic impact test to evaluate the condition of hardwood logs in regard to internal decay, void, crack and defect ratio using an acoustic signal separation and enhancement algorithm. Longitudinal acoustic signals were obtained from 15 logs of four hardwood species through acoustic impact testing. The defect components were separated from the acoustic response signals and enhanced based on the autoregressive minimum entropy deconvolution (AR-MED) method, and from which the kurtosis was derived and used as the global feature parameter for evaluating the internal condition of logs. Compared with the acoustic velocity obtained directly from the original signal, the kurtosis was deemed to be a more powerful predictor of log defect ratio with higher coefficient of determination (R
2 = 0.89) and was not affected by log species. To identify the type of defects, a complex Morlet wavelet-based spectral kurtosis (SK) method was proposed. The research results indicated that the SK can not only determine the type and primary and secondary major defects, but also be able to identify those that were not detectable by global acoustic parameters.
The role of mitochondrial ATP synthase in cancer
Authors: Galber Chiara , Acosta Manuel Jesus , Minervini Giovanni , Giorgio Valentina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The mitochondrial ATP synthase is a multi-subunit enzyme complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane which is essential for oxidative phosphorylation under physiological conditions. In this review, we analyse the enzyme functions involved in cancer progression by dissecting specific conditions in which ATP synthase contributes to cancer development or metastasis. Moreover, we propose the role of ATP synthase in the formation of the permeability transition pore (PTP) as an additional mechanism which controls tumour cell death. We further describe transcriptional and translational modifications of the enzyme subunits and of the inhibitor protein IF1 that may promote adaptations leading to cancer metabolism. Finally, we outline ATP synthase gene mutations and epigenetic modifications associated with cancer development or drug resistance, with the aim of highlighting this enzyme complex as a potential novel target for future anti-cancer therapy.
Determination of chromium valence state in the CaO–SiO2–FeO–MgO–CrOx system by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Deman , Diao Jiang , Qiu Yiyu , Wang Guang , Li Gang , Xie Bing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe chromium valence states in the CaO–SiO2–FeO–MgO–CrOx system were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the XPS peaks of Cr 2p3/2 and Cr 2p1/2 locate at the binding energy of ∼577 and ∼586 eV, respectively. There are three kinds of chromium ions such as bivalent Cr(ii), trivalent Cr(iii), and hexavalent Cr(vi) in the CaO–SiO2–FeO–MgO–CrOx slag. Cr(iii) is the dominant valence state, and more than 77.99% Cr is trivalent Cr(iii). The fraction of Cr(ii)/Cr is in the range of 11.24–17.22%. The fraction of Cr(vi)/Cr is below 4.80%. The fraction of Cr(ii)/Cr decreases with increasing slag basicity, Cr2O3 content, temperature, or oxygen pressure log(PO2), while the fraction of Cr(iii)/Cr increases with increasing basicity, Cr2O3 content, temperature, or oxygen pressure. The trend of change is opposite. Low log(PO2), high Cr2O3 content, and high temperature are beneficial to reduce the toxic hexavalent Cr(vi). The slag basicity has little influence on the fraction of Cr(vi)/Cr.
Corrosion behaviors of 316 stainless steel and Inconel 625 alloy in chloride molten salts for solar energy storage
Authors: Wang Mingjing , Zeng Song , Zhang Huihui , Zhu Ming , Lei Chengxin , Li Boshuai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCorrosion behaviors of 316 stainless steel (316 ss) and Inconel 625 alloy in molten NaCl–KCl–ZnCl2 at 700°C and 900°C were investigated by immersion tests and electrochemical methods, including potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to analyze the phases and microstructures of the corrosion products. Inconel 625 alloy and 316 ss exhibited high corrosion rates in molten chlorides, and the corrosion rates of these two alloys accelerated when the temperature increased from 700°C to 900°C. The results of the electrochemical tests showed that both alloys exhibited active corrosion in chloride molten salt, and the current density of 316 ss in chloride molten salt at 700°C was 2.756 mA/cm−2, which is about three times the value for Inconel 625 alloy; and the values of the charge transfer resistance (Rt) for Inconel 625 were larger than those for 316 ss. The corrosion of these two alloys is owing to the preferred oxidation of Cr in chloride molten salt, and the corrosion layer was mainly ZnCr2O4 which was loose and porous and showed poor adherence to metal.
The implications of the loss of self-respect for the recovery model in mental healthcare
Authors: Thornton Tim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
According to the recovery model, mental healthcare should be aimed towards a conception of recovery articulated by a patient or service user in accord with his or her own specific values. The model thus presupposes and emphasises the agency of the patient and opposes paternalism. Recent philosophical work on the relations between respect, self-respect, self-esteem, shame, and agency suggests, however, two ways in which mental illness itself can undermine self-respect, promote shame and undermine agency, suggesting a tension within the recovery model. I argue, however, that this is a tension rather than a fatal flaw by distinguishing between paternalist and non-paternalist clinical responses to this failure of agency.
Consensual Qualitative Research on Free Associations for Criticism and Self-Criticism
Authors: Halamová Júlia , Langová Petra , Baránková Martina , Strnádelová Bronislava , Koróniová Jana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCriticism and self-criticism have far reaching impacts on wellbeing and emotional balance. In order to create better interventions for criticism and self-criticism, more in-depth knowledge about these two constructs is required. The goal of our study was to examine three associations for criticism and self-criticism. The data were collected from a sample of 151 psychology students: 114 women and 37 men (Mean age 22.2; SD 4.4). We were interested in the associations participants would produce in relation to criticism and self-criticism, whether participants conceptualized these two concepts in the same categories and whether the categories were equally important for each concept. The data were analyzed using Consensual Qualitative research (CQR). The team consisted of four core members and one auditor. Separately all four members analyzed the data multiple times and then discussed it until all the researchers including the auditor reached a consensus. We identified four domains common to both criticism and self-criticism. These were – Emotional Aspects, Cognitive Aspects, Behavioral Aspects, and Preconditions. For both stimulus words, the most saturated domain was Behavioral Aspects. These findings suggest that both concepts – criticism and self-criticism – are multidimensional constructs consisting of Behavioral Aspects, Cognitive aspects, Emotional Aspects, and Preconditions. Further research on this topic would be beneficial.
More than a medical condition: Qualitative analysis of media representations of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Šestáková Anna , Plichtová Jana 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of our research is to explore how Alzheimer’s disease and dementia are represented in the Slovak media. Data consisted of text documents from the Newton media database. Search criteria included TV, radio, print and web sources that mentioned the words “Alzheimer” and “dementia” between 2015 and 2018. A thematic discourse analysis was applied in order to identify the themes and their mutual semantic relations. The analysis was focused primarily on the headlines (n = 227). The results show that the biomedical perspective currently dominates at the expense of a socio-psychological one. Persons with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia are represented as tragic cases and victims of a cruel disease. Responsibility for care and prevention is individualized. Our findings suggest that a new perspective is needed. Such an approach should recognize the dignity and humanity of persons with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia despite their cognitive deficits and respect their socio-psychological needs.