bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole genome copy number analysis in search of new prognostic biomarkers in first line treatment of mantle cell lymphoma. A study by the LYSA group
Authors: Le Bris Yannick , Magrangeas Florence , Moreau Anne , Chiron David , Guérin‐Charbonnel Catherine , Theisen Olivier , Pichon Olivier , Canioni Danielle , Burroni Barbara , Maisonneuve Hervé , Thieblemont Catherine , Oberic Lucie , Gyan Emmanuel , Pellat‐Deceunynck Catherine , Hermine Olivier , Delfau‐Larue Marie‐Hélène , Tessoulin Benoît , Béné Marie‐Christine , Minvielle Stéphane , Le Gouill Steven 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the t(11;14)(q13;q32) CCND1/IGH translocation. This lymphoma is however extremely heterogeneous in terms of molecular alterations. Moreover, the course of the disease can vary greatly between indolent forms with slow progression and aggressive conditions rapidly pejorative. The identification of early markers allowing to predict individual patients outcome has however been unsuccessful so far. The LyMa trial treated homogeneously a cohort of young MCL patients. This appeared as a good opportunity to search for biomarkers of response to therapy. DNA extracted from diagnostic paraffin‐embedded lymph node biopsies from 100 patients with newly diagnosed MCL, homogeneously treated in this prospective clinical trial, were investigated for copy number alterations and copy neutral loss of heterozygosity using the Oncoscan SNP‐array scanning the whole genome. An independent confirmatory cohort was used to strengthen the possibly relevant anomalies observed. Here we describe the recurrent anomalies identified with this technique. Deletions of 17p(TP53) and 9p(CDKN2A) were more frequent in refractory or early relapsing patients (10%), but had no significant impact in univariate analysis on progression‐free (PFS) or overall survival (OS). Regardless of the presence of TP53 or CDKN2A deletions, gains in 7p22 (8,5%) were associated with better PFS in univariate but not in multivariate analysis including MCL International Prognostic Index and treatment. Gains of 11q(CCDN1), suggesting gains of the CCND1/IGH fusion, were associated with worse OS and PFS in univariate and multivariate analyses. This worse prognosis impact was confirmed by FISH in an independent confirmatory cohort. This work, using a whole genome approach, confirms the broad genomic landscape of MCL and shows that gains of the CCND1/IGH fusion can be considered as a new prognostic structural variant. Genomic abnormalities of prognostic impact could be useful to strengthen or de‐escalate treatment schedules or choosing targeted therapies or CART‐cells.
The liability of mimicry: Implementing “global human resource management standards” in United States and Indian subsidiaries of a South Korean multinational enterprise
Authors: Chung Chul , Brewster Chris , Bozkurt Ödül 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that multinational enterprises (MNEs) from less dominant economies tend to mimic and disseminate human resource management (HRM) practices sourced from a dominant economy, usually the United States, to overcome their “liabilities of origin.” However, our understanding of the specific challenges involved in the implementation of such practices by firms across different national and subsidiary contexts remains limited. Drawing on evidence from a case study of a South Korean MNE, we examine the extent to which, and ways in which, global HRM policies mimicking U.S. practices are implemented across its sales, manufacturing, and research and development subsidiaries in the United States and India. We find discernible differences in the implementation of the global policies both between the two host country sites and across the three function‐specific subsidiaries in each country, identifying a range of national and subsidiary‐specific factors that inform these variable implementation outcomes. In addition to legitimacy challenges related to the source, appropriateness, and process of transfer, we note a unique form of legitimacy challenge—“the liability of mimicry”—whereby local actors can challenge head office policies on the basis of a claim to superior expertise in the dominant practices, as a particular concern of MNEs from emerging economies.
Ethical considerations of gene editing and genetic selection
Authors: Rothschild Jodie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor thousands of years, humans have felt the need to understand the world around them—and ultimately manipulate it to best serve their needs. There are always ethical questions to address, especially when the manipulation involves the human genome. There is currently an urgent need to actively pursue those conversations as commercial gene sequencing and editing technologies have become more accessible and affordable. This paper explores the ethical considerations of gene editing (specifically germline) and genetic selection—including the hurdles researchers will face in trying to develop new technologies into viable therapeutic options.
Helicobacter pylorieradication improved the Kyoto classification score on endoscopy
Authors: Toyoshima Osamu , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Sakitani Kosuke , Yamakawa Tadahiro , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Kinoshita Kazunori , Torii Akira , Yamada Atsuo , Suzuki Hidekazu , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopy‐based Kyoto classification predicts the risk ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection and gastric cancer; however, the change in score followingH. pylorieradication remains unknown. We retrospectively compared the Kyoto score before and afterH. pylorieradication.MethodsH. pylori‐positive patients who underwent baseline esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), successfulH. pylorieradication, and surveillance EGD were enrolled. The Kyoto score is a sum of scores for atrophy (Kimura‐Takemoto atrophic‐border classification none or C1: 0, C‐II or C‐III: 1, O‐I to O‐III: 2), intestinal metaplasia (none: 0, antrum: 1, corpus and antrum: 2), enlarged folds (absence: 0, presence: 1), nodularity (absence: 0, presence: 1), and diffuse redness (none: 0, mild: 1, severe: 2) and ranges from 0 to 8.ResultsEighty‐three patients (mean age: 54.9 years; 65.1% women) were enrolled. The mean duration from successful eradication to surveillance EGD was 256 days. The Kyoto score significantly decreased from 3.90 to 2.78 followingH. pylorieradication (P < 0.001). Scores for endoscopic atrophy (from 1.43 to 1.46,P= 0.638) and endoscopic intestinal metaplasia (from 0.53 to 0.47,P= 0.543) did not change; however, there was significant improvement in the scores for enlarged folds (from 0.14 to 0.00,P= 0.002), nodularity (from 0.18 to 0.04,P= 0.002), and diffuse redness (from 1.61 to 0.82,P < 0.001).ConclusionThe Kyoto classification score decreased followingH. pylorieradication. A decrease in the scores for enlarged folds, nodularity, and diffuse redness contributed to the decrease in Kyoto score.
Mass spectrometrical and quantum‐chemical study of pentafluorophenylhydrazones
Authors: Bortňák Dušan , Pecher Daniel , Végh Daniel , Breza Martin , Mikuš Peter , Milata Viktor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwenty‐one pentafluorphenylhydrazones have been analyzed by means of tandem mass spectrometry (ESI MS/MS) conditions to compare their fragmentations with those ones obtained from quantum‐chemical calculations of the hydrazone moiety depending on the substitution from the aldehyde site. The hydrazone N–N bond is disrupted under such conditions, and these results are in accordance with the facts that an electron‐rich particle, such as an anion and or radical in a solution, can cause this disruption and simultaneous defluorination in para‐position of the hydrazone part of the molecule.
Protective role of overexpressed MUC5AC against fibrosis in MHV‐68‐induced combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema mouse model
Authors: He Li , Feng Qian‐qian , Zhang Qiao , Zhang Bo , Wu Si‐Si , Gong Jian‐hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMucins have long been regarded to play a role as a barrier to prevent mucosal infections; however, some studies report that overexpression of mucins induces obstruction and inflammation of airways. We investigated whether the secretion of overexpressed mucin, mucin5ac (MUC5AC), could improve protection against pathogens. To examine the possible roles of mucin hypersecretion in augmenting host defense against disease‐promoting muco‐obstructive lung disease, a mouse model that overexpressed MUC5AC was generated. We had previously proved that murine gammaherpesvirus‐68 (MHV‐68) infection could induce emphysema in mice, which later developed into combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). We further explored whether increased MUC5AC secretion could provide benefits against MHV‐68 induced fibrosis. We initially developed a pcDNA3.1‐MUC5AC mouse model. Next, the experimental mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control, pcDNA3.1 control, pcDNA3.1‐MUC5AC, CPFE, and pcDNA3.1‐ MUC5AC + CPFE. Morphometric analysis of each group was performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson trichrome staining. MUC5AC levels in lung tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. The airway inflammation was determined by differential cell counts of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and measurement of cytokines and chemokines in BALF by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. MUC5AC hypersecretion alone was not sufficient to drive goblet cell metaplasia to induce obvious mucus plugging and airway inflammation. However, MUC5AC overexpression served as a protective barrier against MHV‐68 virus infection in vivo. Infectivity of MHV‐68 was decreased in the pcDNA3.1‐MUC5AC + CPFE group compared with that in CPFE group. Meanwhile, a reduction of MHV‐68 virus attenuated the expressions of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 5 (CXCL5), interleukin‐13 (IL‐13), and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), and weakened airway inflammation and fibrosis in the pcDNA3.1‐MUC5AC + CPFE group. Overexpression of MUC5AC appears to exhibit a protective role against MHV‐68 infection in mice with emphysema that subsequently developed into CPFE and to further decrease airway inflammation and fibrosis induced by MHV‐68 by decreasing the expressions of CCL2, CXCL5, IL‐13, and TGF‐β1.
Dust storm frequency change in relation to climate drivers
Authors: Modarres Reza 
Published: May 2020

AbstractClimate variability and change in arid regions are important factors in controlling emission, frequency and movement of dust storms. This study provides robust statistical methods including univariate Mann‐Kendall block bootstrapping method and three bivariate trend assessment methods, Covariance Inversion Test, Covariance Sum Test and The Covariance Eigenvalue to detect trends in dust storm frequency across arid regions of Iran in relation to climate variability and trend in recent decades. In this regard, the annual number of dust storms from 25 stations in central arid and semi‐arid regions of Iran were selected. In addition, five major climatic variables including annual rainfall, annual maximum and average wind speed, annual maximum and average temperature were also collected. The univariate trend test indicates both increasing and decreasing trend in dust storm frequency and climate variables. The bivariate trend test shows a strong and statistically significant relationship between trend of climate variables and dust storm frequency for most of the stations across the region. Among climate variables, rainfall change has an inverse impact on dust storm frequency while wind speed and temperature have direct covariance structure with dust storm frequency. The wind speed also seems to be the most effective climate driver on dust storm frequency in arid regions of Iran, followed by temperature. The results also shows that local conditions that are not considered in this study may also play a significant role in dust storm emission in some parts of the region.
Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Short‐Chain Fatty Acids in Acute Ischemic Stroke and the Subsequent Risk for Poor Functional Outcomes
Authors: Tan Chuhong , Wu Qiheng , Wang Huidi , Gao Xuxuan , Xu Ruoting , Cui Ziming , Zhu Jiajia , Zeng Xiuli , Zhou Hongwei , He Yan , Yin Jia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe intestinal microbiota and its metabolites have been reported to play an important role in stroke. Gut microbiota–originating short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) modulate brain functions directly or indirectly through immune, endocrine, vagal, and other humoral pathways. However, relatively few investigations have evaluated the gut microbiome and SCFAs spectrum or their potential associations with stroke outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with different stroke severities.MethodsWe used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography to compare the fecal microbial composition and SCFA spectrum between AIS patients (n = 140) and healthy controls (n = 92). Their associations with 90‐day poor functional outcomes were evaluated by logistic regression models.ResultsWe found that the intestinal microbiota distinguished AIS patients from healthy controls. A lack of SCFAs‐producing bacteria and a low fecal SCFAs level defined dysbiosis in AIS patients, especially those with increased stroke severity. The SCFAs levels were negatively correlated with stroke severity and prognosis. Reduced SCFAs levels, especially acetate, were associated with an increased risk of 90‐day poor functional outcomes even after adjustments.ConclusionsDysbiosis of SCFAs‐producing bacteria and SCFAs in AIS patients increased the subsequent risk for poor functional outcomes, indicating that SCFAs could be potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for stroke.
Ureter Visualization With Transvaginal Ultrasound
Authors: Ong Jozarino , Leonardi, Mathew , Espada Mercedes , Stamatopoulos Nicole , Georgousopoulou Ekavi , Condous George 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the learning curve of gynecologic surgical fellows (ie, in training) to properly identify the ureters in real time while simultaneously performing and interpreting transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) examinations.MethodsWe performed a prospective study, which took place at 2 centers in Sydney, Australia, from December 2017 to December 2018. Three fellows (F1–F3), of varying prestudy ultrasound (US) experience, were recruited to participate. One hundred fifty predetermined examinations were planned. A TVUS examination was performed by the study reference standard (an expert in gynecologic US). Subsequently, the fellows performed a focused component to identify bilateral ureters, having been blinded to the patient's clinical history and reference standard findings. Immediate feedback and hands‐on teaching were provided after each of the fellow's evaluations were complete. To evaluate the number of scans needed to gain competency, the cumulative summation test for the learning curve was used.ResultsA total of 150 examinations were performed on 145 patients. One patient had a single ureter, and 1 patient had US evidence of hydroureter. The cumulative summation test for the learning curve for bilateral ureter identification showed that F1 did not reach competency by 50 TVUS examinations, whereas F2 and F3 required 41 and 31 TVUS examinations to reach competency, respectively.ConclusionsContrary to other studies on the topic, this study suggests that although it is feasible for surgical fellows to learn TVUS identification of bilateral ureters, not all fellows can reach competency during a program based on a predefined number of scans. We advocate for an individualized, competency‐based medical education model in learning US for identifying the ureters.
Lung Ultrasound Pattern in Healthy Infants During the First 6 Months of Life
Authors: Buonsenso Danilo , Soldati Gino , Curatola Antonietta , Morello Rosa , De Rose Cristina , Vacca Maria Eugenia , Lazzareschi Ilaria , Musolino Anna Maria , Valentini Piero 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesLung ultrasound (LUS) has gained a primary role in the diagnosis and management of pleuropulmonary disorders in pediatric practice. However, normal and pathologic patterns are translated from adult studies and have never been specifically studied in children, particularly in infants. This was a prospective observational pilot study aiming to define the normal LUS pattern in healthy infants during the first 6 months of life.MethodsWe recruited healthy neonates at 7 to 10 days of life, and these were followed until the sixth month of life (times: 7–10 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months). We excluded neonates with a gestational age before 33 weeks and neonates with cardiac or lung abnormalities or diseases, immune deficiencies, metabolic or genetic conditions, and acute or chronic respiratory diseases. A LUS evaluation was performed by a single certified pediatrician. The chest wall was examined in 18 areas, addressing A‐lines, short and long B‐lines, pleural abnormalities, and subpleural consolidations.ResultsThirty‐seven neonates were enrolled and followed until the sixth month of life, 27 (73%) of whom were born at term (≥37 weeks) and 10 (27%) of whom were born preterm (33–36 weeks). Most of the patients at 7 to 10 days showed multiple B‐lines (long and short) with a progressive normalization toward a normal A pattern at 6 months (P < .00001; 95% confidence interval, 13.75–23.24). No infants showed subpleural consolidations or pleural abnormalities.ConclusionsThis study has implications for the interpretation of LUS during the first 6 months of life. Most healthy infants show a diffuse pattern of vertical artifacts (B‐lines), and the LUS pattern tends to be similar to the physiologic pattern (A‐lines) after the sixth month of life. The only pathologic LUS findings were pleural irregularities and effusion and subpleural consolidations, which have never been described in healthy infants.
Annual Pronghorn Survival of a Partially Migratory Population
Authors: Jones Paul F. , Jakes Andrew F. , Eacker Daniel R. , Hebblewhite Mark 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe importance of conserving migratory populations is recognized across a variety of ungulate taxa, yet the demographic benefits of migration remain uncertain for ungulate populations that exhibit partial migration. We hypothesized that migratory pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) would experience greater survival compared to residents by moving longer distances to avoid severe winter weather and access higher quality forage. We used a Bayesian time‐to‐event approach to analyze the fates of 175 radio‐collared adult female pronghorn monitored over 8 biological years (2004–2011) in the Northern Sagebrush Steppe ecosystem. Annual survivorship of migratory pronghorn was 7% higher on average compared to residents but not statistically different. Migratory pronghorn had higher survivorship in summer and winter compared to residents, and few mortalities were observed during the short autumn and spring migration periods. Mortality risk for both movement tactics intensified under more severe winter weather; winter weather severity alone best explained annual pronghorn mortality risk. The top model predicted survival rates to decline on average by 56% over the range of observed winter climatic conditions. To minimize human impacts to pronghorn during extreme climatic events, we recommend working with transportation departments and land managers to enhance pronghorn crossings of roads and railroads, and landholders to modify fences to wildlife‐friendly standards. © 2020 The Authors.Journal of Wildlife Managementpublished by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Variation in Sleep Stability with Differences in Severity of Sleep‐Disordered Breathing in Children
Authors: Seo Min Young , Han Mun Soo , Jeong Yong Jun , Lee Min Kyu , Park Seongbin , Hwang Sun Jin , Lee Seung Hoon 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyze the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity and various cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) parameters in children with OSA.Study designRetrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 117 children (aged 7.96 ± 3.54 years, 86 male) who underwent both full‐night polysomnography (PSG) and CPC for suspicion of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB). We analyzed the association between various CPC and PSG findings.ResultsThe apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) was negatively correlated with high frequency coupling (HFC, r = −0.374, P < .001) and very low frequency coupling (VLFC, r = −0.192, P = .038) and positively correlated with low frequency coupling (LFC, r = 0.503, P < .001), elevated low frequency coupling (e‐LFC, r = 0.475, P < .001), and narrow and broad band e‐LFC (e‐LFCNB and e‐LFCBB; r = 0.221, P = .016 and r = 0.468, P < .001, respectively). The arousal index was negatively correlated with HFC (r = − 0.466, P < .001) and positively correlated with LFC, e‐LFC, e‐LFCNB, and e‐LFCBB (r = 0.543, r = 0.460, r = 0.239, and r = 0.445, respectively; all P < .001). In addition, we also found a significant difference in various CPC values according to OSA severity.ConclusionCPC parameters accurately reflect sleep fragmentation and OSA severity in children. Thus, we can verify objective sleep quality using CPC analysis, which is a simple method of analyzing sleep stability in children with SDB.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:435–439, 2021
Native and invasive zooplankton show differing responses to decadal‐scale increases in maximum temperatures in a large temperate river
Authors: Dexter Eric , Bollens Stephen M. , Rollwagen‐Bollens Gretchen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt has been widely proposed that increasing global temperatures will promote the geographic spread of invasive species, yet few studies have examined the effects of increasing temperatures on existing populations of invaders. Here, we examine temperature trends across a 70‐year series of daily records from the lower Columbia River (Washington and Oregon), and assess the correlation between interannual water temperature variability and the abundance of several native and invasive zooplankton species using a 12‐year series of monthly zooplankton samples from a nearby station. Our results show a clear pattern of increasing temperatures in the river, with a negative correlation between elevated late summer temperatures and the abundance of all examined native taxa, but none of the examined invasive taxa. Our study supports the hypothesis that anthropogenic climate change may promote conditions more favorable to previously established populations of invasive zooplankton species.