bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing outcomes between stacked/conjoined and non‐stacked/conjoined abdominal microvascular unilateral breast reconstruction
Authors: Salibian Ara A. , Bekisz Jonathan M. , Frey Jordan D. , Nolan Ian T. , Kaoutzanis Christodoulos , Yu Jason W. , Levine Jamie P. , Karp Nolan S. , Choi Mihye , Thanik Vishal D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundStacked and conjoined free flaps are increasingly utilized in autologous breast reconstruction to augment tissue transfer volume. However, there is a paucity of comparative data on abdominally‐based stacked/conjoined versus non‐stacked/conjoined flaps. The purpose of this study was to compare ability to match native breast size, complications, recovery, and symmetrizing procedures between these two cohorts in unilateral breast reconstruction.MethodsA retrospective review of all stacked (two separate hemiabdominal)/conjoined (bipedicled full abdominal) flaps and non‐stacked/conjoined (unipedicled hemiabdominal) flaps in unilateral abdominally‐based autologous breast reconstructions was performed from 2011 to 2018. Variables including demographics, operative characteristics, complications, and revisions were compared in 36 stacked/conjoined patients versus 146 non‐stacked/conjoined patients.ResultsThe stacked/conjoined cohort had more DIEP flaps (91.7 vs. 65.1%) and the non‐stacked/conjoined group more MS‐TRAMs (34.2 vs. 6.9%, p = .000). Additionally, non‐stacked/conjoined flaps had greater utilization of combined medial and lateral row perforators (p = .000). Mean flap weight was significantly higher than mastectomy weight in stacked/conjoined flaps (+110.7 g) when compared to non‐stacked/conjoined flaps (−40.2) (p = .023).Average follow‐up was 54.7 ± 27.5 and 54.6 ± 29.3 months, respectively. Stacked/conjoined flaps had lower fat necrosis rates (8.3 vs. 25.4%, p = .039) and had a decreased risk of fat necrosis on multivariable regression analysis (OR 0.278, p = 0.045). There were otherwise no differences in flap, breast, or donor‐site complications. Stacked/conjoined flaps also had a lower rate of contralateral breast reduction (p = .041).ConclusionStacked/conjoined flaps were associated with a lower risk of fat necrosis compared with non‐stacked/conjoined flaps and had a lower rate of contralateral symmetrizing reductions in patients undergoing unilateral abdominally‐based breast reconstruction.
A randomized generalized low rank approximations of matrices algorithm for high dimensionality reduction and image compression
Authors: Li Ke , Wu Gang 
Published: September 2020

SummaryHigh‐dimensionality reduction techniques are very important tools in machine learning and data mining. The method of generalized low rank approximations of matrices (GLRAM) is a popular technique for dimensionality reduction and image compression. However, it suffers from heavily computational overhead in practice, especially for data with high dimension. In order to reduce the cost of this algorithm, we propose a randomized GLRAM algorithm based on randomized singular value decomposition (RSVD). The theoretical contribution of our work is threefold. First, we discuss the decaying property of singular values of the matrices during iterations of the GLRAM algorithm, and provide a target rank required in the RSVD process from a theoretical point of view. Second, we establish the relationship between the reconstruction errors generated by the standard GLRAM algorithm and the randomized GLRAM algorithm. It is shown that the reconstruction errors generated by the former and the latter are comparable, even if the solutions are computed inaccurately during iterations. Third, the convergence of the randomized GLRAM algorithm is investigated. Numerical experiments on some real‐world data sets illustrate the superiority of our proposed algorithm over its original counterpart and some state‐of‐the‐art GLRAM‐type algorithms.
Personality traits and job exploration among Latino business students: An exploratory investigation
Authors: Sui Lu , Qin Hong , Ned John , Sun Lijuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe examine the role of the Big Five personality traits in the job exploration process of Latino undergraduate business students to ascertain the personality traits and socio‐cognitive variables that lead to greater success of students in their job searches. We find that personalities such as extraversion and conscientiousness are positively associated with career self‐efficacy, career expectations, and interests in both academic and professional skills, which in turn positively influence job exploration behaviors. Additionally, we find that personalities such as agreeableness and neuroticism have a negative influence on career exploration behaviors. Our findings provide Latino business students with college vocational guidance that can help enhance their career confidence, job beliefs, and career interests in the job‐seeking process.
Effect of antibiotics in preventing hospitalizations from respiratory tract infections in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Manikam Logan , Lakhanpaul Monica , Schilder Anne G. M. , Littlejohns Peter , Cupp Meghan A. , Alexander Emma C. , Hayward Andrew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) due to anatomical variations, comorbidities, and immune system immaturity. Evidence on interventions to reduce this risk is incomplete. This study aims to quantify the effect of antibiotics prescribed for RTIs in primary care on the subsequent risk of RTI‐related hospitalization for children with DS versus controls.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 992 children with DS and 4874 controls managed by UK National Health Service General Practitioners (GPs) and hospitals as identified in CALIBER (Clinical disease research using LInked Bespoke studies and Electronic health Records), 1997–2010. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were undertaken.ResultsIn children with DS, the prescription of antibiotics following an RTI‐related GP consultation did not significantly reduce the risk of RTI‐related hospitalization in the subsequent 28 days (risk with antibiotics, 1.8%; without, 2.5%; risk ratio, 0.699; 95% confidence interval, 0.471–1.036). Subgroup analyses showed a risk reduction only in infants with DS, after adjustment for covariates. There was no reduction in risk for controls, overall or across subgroups.ConclusionsIn conclusion, while prescription of antibiotics following RTI‐related GP consultations were effective for infants with DS in reducing subsequent RTI‐related hospitalization, this was not the case for older children with DS. We would encourage further high‐quality cohort and randomized controlled trials to interrogate this finding, and to examine the impact of antibiotics on other endpoints, including symptom duration.
Growth Mechanism of Alternating Defect Domains in Hexagonal WS2 via Inhomogeneous W‐Precursor Accumulation
Authors: An Gwang Hwi , Yun Seok Joon , Lee Young Hee , Lee Hyun Seok 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile a hexagonal WS2 monolayer, grown by chemical vapor deposition, exhibits distinctive patterns in photoluminescence mapping, segmented with alternating S‐vacancy (SV) and W‐vacancy (WV) domains in a single crystal, the formation mechanism for native alternating defect domains remains unresolved to date. Here, the formation mechanism of alternating defect domains in hexagonal WS2 via the precursor accumulation model is experimentally elucidated. A triangular WS2 seed is initially formed, followed by a hexagonal flake. Alternating W‐rich (SV) and W‐deficient (WV) domains are constructed in hexagonal WS2 flake, which is confirmed by confocal photoluminescence mapping and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. This is explained by the accumulation or scarcity of W‐precursors at the edge of the WS2 flake. The W‐precursors accumulate near the edges of the initial triangular WS2 seed over time, while they are deficient near the corners of the triangular WS2, eventually forming WV domains in the truncated hexagonal domains. The heterogeneous accumulation becomes more prominent in the presence of H2 gas through desorption of the W‐precursors.
Polish experience with network arch bridges using cold‐bent HD sections
Authors: Kaczmarek Tomasz , Galewski Tymon , Topolewicz Krzysztof , Sęk Radosław , Radziecki Andrzej , Ochojski Wojciech , Kożuch Maciej , Lorenc Wojciech 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article presents Polish experience with the design and construction of net‐arch bridges using cold‐bent HD sections in the arch. So far, four road bridges have been built, and they are currently in service. The experience gained and the positive economical footprint is leading to a growth in the popularity of this solution, together with much better recognition of the technology on the market. One of the first net‐arch bridges using cold‐bent HD beams was built in Poland in 2011. The arch has a span of 75 m. The composite deck is constructed from HE sections, which are suspended from the arches. One bridge built recently has a span of 120 m. Several other bridges are at the design or erection phase, in particular, the first railway net‐arch bridge with nine independent decks and a maximum span of 116 m. The aim of this paper is to familiarize the reader with the technical solution developed and present the economic background and, specifically, to focus on the fabrication of cold‐bent HD‐section steel arch structures as a new task in engineering.
Short‐term wind speed forecasting using S‐transform with compactly supported kernel
Authors: Kamath Priya R. , Senapati Kedarnath 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a modified S‐transform (ST) based on a compactly supported kernel. A version of Cheriet‐Belochrani (CB) kernel is chosen for this purpose. It is shown that the proposed modified S‐transform (CBST) offers better frequency resolution than the traditional ST. It is used to decompose the wind speed time series into frequency‐based subseries. Further, artificial neural network (ANN) is applied to each of the subseries for an hour ahead prediction. Finally, forecast for the original wind speed series is obtained by combining the prediction result of all the subseries. Initially, increasing the number of subseries results in a decrease in prediction error. However, when the number of subseries is sufficiently large, no significant change in prediction error is observed if the number is further increased. It is also observed that, for a model based on neural‐network, involving decomposition of wind speed time series, the proposed model offers low prediction error. A comparative study with the methods based on wavelet transform (WT) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. For this study, we have used simulated wind speed data generated by nonhydrostatic mesoscale model and data recorded using anemometer and LiDAR instrument at different heights to evaluate the short‐term forecasting results.
The electroweak phase transition: a collider target
Authors: Ramsey-Musolf Michael J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Determining the thermal history of electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) is an important challenge for particle physics and cosmology. Lattice simulations indicate that EWSB in the Standard Model (SM) occurs through a crossover transition, while the presence of new physics beyond the SM could alter this thermal history. The occurrence of a first order EWSB transition would be particularly interesting, providing the needed pre-conditions for generation of the cosmic matter-antimatter asymmetry and sources for potentially observable gravitational radiation. I provide simple, generic arguments that if such an alternate thermal history exists, the new particles involved cannot be too heavy with respect to the SM electroweak temperature, nor can they interact too feebly with the SM Higgs boson. These arguments do not rely on the decoupling limit. I derive corresponding quantitative expectations for masses and interaction strengths which imply that their effects could in principle be observed (or ruled out) by prospective next generation high energy colliders. The simple, generic arguments provide a quantitative, parametric understanding of results obtained in a wide range of explicit model studies; relate them explicitly to the electroweak temperature; and delineate broad contours of collider phenomenology pertaining to a non-standard history of EWSB.
Collinear expansion for color singlet cross sections
Authors: Ebert Markus A. , Mistlberger Bernhard , Vita Gherardo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We demonstrate how to efficiently expand cross sections for color-singlet production at hadron colliders around the kinematic limit of all final state radiation being collinear to one of the incoming hadrons. This expansion is systematically improvable and applicable to a large class of physical observables. We demonstrate the viability of this technique by obtaining the first two terms in the collinear expansion of the rapidity distribution of the gluon fusion Higgs boson production cross section at next-to-next-to leading order (NNLO) in QCD perturbation theory. Furthermore, we illustrate how this technique is used to extract universal building blocks of scattering cross section like the N-jettiness and transverse momentum beam function at NNLO.
Fully coherent energy loss effects on light hadron production in pA collisions
Authors: Arleo François , Cougoulic Florian , Peigné Stéphane 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We single out the role of fully coherent induced gluon radiation on light hadron production in pA collisions. The effect has the same general features as for quarkonium production, however with a richer color structure as the induced radiation depends on the global color charge of the partonic subprocess final state. Baseline predictions for light hadron nuclear suppression in pPb collisions at the LHC are provided, taking into account only the effect of fully coherent energy loss, which proves to be of the same order of magnitude as gluon shadowing or saturation. This underlines the need to include fully coherent energy loss in phenomenological studies of hadron production in pA collisions.
Zwangsmaßnahmen in der Psychiatrie: praktische Konsequenzen ethischer Aspekte
Authors: Helmchen Hanfried 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der rechtlichen und ethischen Voraussetzungen und Verfahren derAnwendungvon Zwang in der Psychiatrie wird die Perspektive derAbwendung, also die Prävention zur Vermeidung von Zwang beleuchtet. Zwang ist ausschließlich bei Selbstbestimmungsunfähigkeit und unmittelbarer konkreter Lebensgefährdung zulässig. Praktische Schwierigkeiten bei der Feststellung dieser Kriterien werden kasuistisch illustriert. Verfahren zur Vermeidung von Zwang (Vorausverfügungen, vertrauensbildende Maßnahmen, Erkennung von Kontexteinflüssen, Sensibilisierung gegenüber Zwang) zielen ebenso wie die Präzisierung von Indikation und Kontrolle der Anwendung von Zwang und ein Einstellungswandel hin zur Entscheidungsassistenz darauf, die Respektierung des Selbstbestimmungsrechtes des psychisch Kranken zu stärken – und damit den Konflikt des Psychiaters zwischen Fürsorgepflicht und Respektierung des Selbstbestimmungsrechtes des Patienten in ein faires Gleichgewicht zu bringen.
Improved production of Humira antibody in the genetically engineered Escherichia coli SHuffle, by co-expression of human PDI-GPx7 fusions
Authors: Lénon Marine , Ke Na , Szady Cecily , Sakhtah Hassan , Ren Guoping , Manta Bruno , Causey Bryce , Berkmen Mehmet 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Microbial production of antibodies offers the promise of cheap, fast, and efficient production of antibodies at an industrial scale. Limiting this capacity in prokaryotes is the absence of the post-translational machinery, present in dedicated antibody producing eukaryotic cell lines, such as B cells. There has been few and limited success in producing full-length, correctly folded, and assembled IgG in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cell lines. One such success was achieved by utilizing the genetically engineered Escherichia coli strain SHuffle with an oxidative cytoplasm. Due to the genetic disruption of reductive pathways, SHuffle cells are under constant oxidative stress, including increased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The oxidizing capacity of H2O2 was linked to improved disulfide bond formation, by expressing a fusion of two endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteins, the thiol peroxidase GPx7 and the protein disulfide isomerase, PDI. In concert, these proteins mediate disulfide transfer from H2O2 to target proteins via PDI-Gpx7 fusions. The potential of this new strain was tested with Humira, a blockbuster antibody usually produced in eukaryotic cells. Expression results demonstrate that the new engineered SHuffle strain (SHuffle2) could produce Humira IgG four-fold better than the parental strain, both in shake-flask and in high-density fermentation. These preliminary studies guide the field in genetically engineering eukaryotic redox pathways in prokaryotes for the production of complex macromolecules.

Key points
• A eukaryotic redox pathway was engineered into the E. coli strain SHuffle in order to improve the yield of the blockbuster antibody Humira.
• The best peroxidase-PDI fusion was selected using bioinformatics and in vivo studies.
• Improved yields of Humira were demonstrated at shake-flask and high-density fermenters.
Lung cancer screening by nodule volume in Lung-RADS v1.1: negative baseline CT yields potential for increased screening interval
Authors: Silva Mario , Milanese Gianluca , Sestini Stefano , Sabia Federica , Jacobs Colin , van Ginneken Bram , Prokop Mathias , Schaefer-Prokop Cornelia M. , Marchianò Alfonso , Sverzellati Nicola , Pastorino Ugo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe 2019 Lung CT Screening Reporting & Data System version 1.1 (Lung-RADS v1.1) introduced volumetric categories for nodule management. The aims of this study were to report the distribution of Lung-RADS v1.1 volumetric categories and to analyse lung cancer (LC) outcomes within 3 years for exploring personalized algorithm for lung cancer screening (LCS).MethodsSubjects from the Multicentric Italian Lung Detection (MILD) trial were retrospectively selected by National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) criteria. Baseline characteristics included selected pre-test metrics and nodule characterization according to the volume-based categories of Lung-RADS v1.1. Nodule volume was obtained by segmentation with dedicated semi-automatic software. Primary outcome was diagnosis of LC, tested by univariate and multivariable models. Secondary outcome was stage of LC. Increased interval algorithms were simulated for testing rate of delayed diagnosis (RDD) and reduction of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) burden.ResultsIn 1248 NLST-eligible subjects, LC frequency was 1.2% at 1 year, 1.8% at 2 years and 2.6% at 3 years. Nodule volume in Lung-RADS v1.1 was a strong predictor of LC: positive LDCT showed an odds ratio (OR) of 75.60 at 1 year (p< 0.0001), and indeterminate LDCT showed an OR of 9.16 at 2 years (p= 0.0068) and an OR of 6.35 at 3 years (p= 0.0042). In the first 2 years after negative LDCT, 100% of resected LC was stage I. The simulations of low-frequency screening showed a RDD of 13.6–21.9% and a potential reduction of LDCT burden of 25.5–41%.ConclusionsNodule volume by semi-automatic software allowed stratification of LC risk across Lung-RADS v1.1 categories. Personalized screening algorithm by increased interval seems feasible in 80% of NLST eligible.Key Points• Using semi-automatic segmentation of nodule volume, Lung-RADS v1.1 selected 10.8% of subjects with positive CT and 96.87 relative risk of lung cancer at 1 year, compared to negative CT.• Negative low-dose CT by Lung-RADS v1.1 was found in 80.6% of NLST eligible and yielded 40 times lower relative risk of lung cancer at 2 years, compared to positive low-dose CT; annual screening could be preference sensitive in this group.• Semi-automatic segmentation of nodule volume and increased screening interval by volumetric Lung-RADS v1.1 could retrospectively suggest a 25.5–41% reduction of LDCT burden, at the cost of 13.6–21.9% rate of delayed diagnosis.
Improving emotion recognition is associated with subsequent mental health and well-being in children with severe behavioural problems
Authors: Wells Amy E. , Hunnikin Laura M. , Ash Daniel P. , van Goozen Stephanie H. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImpaired emotion recognition is a transdiagnostic risk factor for a range of psychiatric disorders. It has been argued that improving emotion recognition may lead to improvements in behaviour and mental health, but supportive evidence is limited. We assessed emotion recognition and mental health following a brief and targeted computerised emotion recognition training in children referred into an intervention program because of severe family adversity and behavioural problems (n = 62; aged 7–10). While all children continued to receive their usual interventions, only children impaired in emotion recognition (n = 40) received the emotion training. Teachers blind to whether or not children had received the training rated children’s mental health problems before and 6 months after the training. Participants who received the emotion training significantly improved their recognition of negative and neutral facial expressions. Although both groups showed improved behaviour at follow-up, the reduction in behavioural problems was only significant in children who received the emotion training. Post-training emotion recognition scores predicted mental health problems 6 months later independently of initial emotion recognition ability and severity of behavioural problems. The results are consistent with the view that targeting emotion recognition can improve longer term functioning in individuals with disruptive behaviour, although further research using fully randomised designs is needed before causal conclusions can be drawn with confidence.
DEM simulation of anisotropic granular materials: elastic and inelastic behavior
Authors: Recchia Giuseppina , Magnanimo Vanessa , Cheng Hongyang , La Ragione Luigi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, Discrete Elements Method simulations are carried out to investigate the effective stiffness of an assembly of frictional, elastic spheres under anisotropic loading. Strain probes, following both forward and backward paths, are performed at several anisotropic levels and the corresponding stress is measured. For very small strain perturbations, we retrieve the linear elastic regime where the same response is measured when incremental loading and unloading are applied. Differently, for a greater magnitude of the incremental strain a different stress is measured, depending on the direction of the perturbation. In the case of unloading probes, the behavior stays elastic until non-linearity is reached.Under forward perturbations, the aggregate shows an intermediate inelastic stiffness, in which the main contribution comes from the normal contact forces. That is, when forward incremental probes are applied the behavior of anisotropic aggregates is an incremental frictionless behavior. In this regime we show that contacts roll or slide so the incremental tangential contact forces are zero.
Graphical Abstract