bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stroke Leads to Abnormal Coordination of the Multiple Upper Extremity Joints During Passive Movement
Authors: Koh Kyung , Kim Dongwon , Oppizzi Giovanni , Zhang Chunyang , Kehs Glenn , Zhang Li-Qun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Motor impairments in the upper extremity (UE) is one of the most common deficits after stroke. Even though understanding of UE coordination deficits in persons with strokes is critical for better identification of motor impairment and planning for rehabilitation, it is still not clear how stroke affects coordination patterns of multi-joint movements in the UE. Here, we investigated kinematic and kinetic coordination patterns of UE after stroke during controlled passive arm movement. Methods An exoskeleton multi-joint robot moved the participant’s arm in the horizontal plane back and forth in 8 repetitions, in inward movement (i.e. toward the body) and outward movement (i.e. away from the body). The uncontrolled manifold analysis (UCM) was used to quantify kinematic and kinetic coordination patterns of the UE. Variability of joint angles and torques were decomposed into task-relevant variability (TRV) and task-irrelevant variability (TIV). An index of coordination (IC) was defined based on TRV and TIV. Results We found that the IC of joint torques in the stroke group significantly decreased during outward movement in comparison to that during inward movement, while IC of the control group showed no difference between the two movement directions. The decreased IC in the stroke group during outward movement was mainly due to the increased TRV of joint torques. In the further analysis of individual joint level, during outward movement, stroke group had a greater TRV of joint torques at all joints while during inward movement, stroke group had a lower TRV of joint torques at elbow joint. Conclusions Our results indicate that the stroke can cause the kinetic coordination deficits induced during a passive movement especially in outward movement. Our findings suggest that it is important to consider the passive kinetic coordination deficits to enhance post-stroke rehabilitation interventions. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, ID: NCT02359812. Registered 23 January 2015; Last Updated 06 August 2020.
Novel insights into the mechanisms by which lncRNAHOTAIR regulates migration and invasion in HeLa cells
Authors: zheng peng , Liu Zi cheng Lin , Hu Fan , Chen Ying , Chen Zhuo , Zhang Cun Tong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

HOTAIR, as one of the few well-studied oncogenic lncRNAs, is involved in human tumorigenesis and is dysregulated in most human cancers. The transcription co-activator factor YAP1 is broadly expressed in many tissues, and promotes cancer metastasis and progression. However, the precise biological roles of HOTAIR and YAP1 in cancer cells remain unclear.
Methods

The expression levels of HOTAIR and YAP1 were measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunoblotting. Wound-healing and transwell assays were used to examine the invasive abilities of HeLa cells. Luciferase reporter assays and CHIP were used to determine how YAP1 regulates RPL23. A xenograft mouse mode was used to assess the correlation between HOTAIR and YAP1 in vivo.
Result

In this study, we showed that HOTAIR regulates H3K27 histone modification in the promoter of miR-200a to mediate miR-200a expression byrecruiting EZH2. YAP1, as a potential target gene of miR-200a, aggravated the effects of miR-200a on the migration and invasion of HeLa cells. YAP1 activated the transcription of RPL23, which is a novel target of YAP1 transcriptional regulation. Agreement with this, the expression of YAP1 and RPL23 was dramatically decreased after injecting HeLa cells transfected with siHOTAIR in a xenograft mouse model.
Conclusion

These elucidates that HOTAIR, as an oncogenic lncRNA, recruits EZH2 to reduce miR-200a-3p expression via H3k27 trimethylation in the miR-200a-3p promoter. As a target gene of miR-200a-3p,YAP1 then promotes the migration and invasion of HeLa cells by mediating the downstream transcription of RPL23 which normally functions as a cancer-promoting factor. Accordingly, we propose a novel model of the molecular mechanism by which HOTAIR promotes the migration and invasion of cancer cells involving the miR-200a-3p/YAP1/RPL23 axis.
The Protective Impact of Education on Brain Structure and Function in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhu Wanqiu , Li Xiaoshu , Li Xiaohu , Wang Haibao , Li Meiqin , Gao Ziwen , Wu Xingqi , Tian Yanghua , Zhou Shanshan , Wang Kai , Yu Yongqiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The Cognitive Reserve (CR) theory posits that brains with higher reserve can cope with more cerebral damage to minimize clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of education (CR proxy) on brain structure and function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients and in cognitively healthy elderly (HC) individuals.Methods: Fifty-seven AD patients, 57 aMCI patients and 48 HCs were included to investigate the relationships between education years and gray matter volume (GMV), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) in brain regions to show associations with both structure and function. Taking the severity of the disease into account, we further assessed the relationships in AD stratified analyses. We then compared more highly (higher CR) and less highly educated (lower CR) subjects at the same level of cognitive impairment. Results: In AD group, the GMV of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and ReHo in the left inferior temporal cortex (ITC) were inversely associated with education years, after adjustment for age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and total intracranial volume or head motion parameters. Seed-based FC analyses revealed that education years were negatively correlated with the FC between the left anterior ITC and left mid frontal cortex as well as right superior frontal cortex and right angular gyrus. Stratified analyses results indicated that this negative relation between education and GMV, ReHo, FC was mainly present in mild AD, which was attenuated in moderate AD and aMCI groups. In mild and moderate AD groups, subjects with higher CR had smaller regional GMV of the dACC and lower ReHo in the left ITC than the subjects with lower CR. No significant differences were found in severe AD and aMCI groups.Conclusions: Our results support the CR theory, and suggest that CR may be protective against AD related brain pathology at the early stage of clinical dementia. These findings could provide the locus of CR-related functional brain mechanisms and a specific time-window for therapeutic interventions to help AD patients to cope better with the brain pathological damage by increasing CR.
Wnt5b-induced PCP/JNK&nbsp;Activation Promotes PD-L1&nbsp;Expression and the Malignant Phenotype of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer&nbsp;
Authors: Wu Guangping , Luo Yuan , Xie Yusai , Han Yang , Zhang Di , Han Qiang , Zhao Xinran , Qin Ye , Li Qingchang , Wang Enhua , Zhao Huanyu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Wnt5b is noncanonical Wnt ligand, and programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a targeted agent for immunotherapy, but the mechanism by which Wnt5b regulates PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. Methods: Wnt5b and PD-L1 expressions were detected in NSCLC specimens by immunohistochemistry. The interrelationship connecting Wnt5b with PD-L1 was verified using dual-luciferase assay, immunofluorescence, coimmunoprecipitation, western blot，real-time PCR and xenograft tumor model. Results: Wnt5b and PD-L1 expressions were positively correlated in NSCLC specimens. Five-year survival time in the group with their coexpression was significantly lower than that without coexpression. Under the effect of Wnt5b, Frizzled-3 (Fzd3) initiated Dishevellde-3 (Dvl-3) membrane recruitment via DEP domain by Dvl-3 phosphorylation, contributing to activate PCP/JNK signaling through the small GTPase Rac1, and then upregulate PD-L1 expression and promote the malignant phenotype of NSCLC in vivo and in vitro. After PD-L1 antibody treatment, Wnt5b induced tumor growth was inhibited significantly in xenograft tumor model. Conclusion: We demonstrate a new signal transduction pathway: Wnt5b initiates Dvl-3 membrane recruitment via DEP domain by Fzd3 so as to promote Rac1–PCP/JNK–PD-L1 pathway, which provides a potential target for clinical intervention and immunotherapy in lung cancer.
Post-Abortion Family Planning Utilization and Associated Factors Among Women Seeking Abortion Service:&nbsp;Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Woldemichael Dereje , Agaro Gabi , Jima Aman , Woldemichael Bedasa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background - Ethiopia is one of the countries which suffer with highest unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortion. The aim of this study was to assess the utilization of post-abortion family planning and associated factors among women seeking abortion service in Asella town health facilities 2019.Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted among women who came for abortion service from July 15 to October 15, 2019. Two hundred seventy-six participants were included using systematic random sampling technique. Both descriptive and logistic regression analysis were conducted. In multivariate analysis, variables which had p-value < 0.05 was considered as significantly associated with the outcome variable. Results: Postabortion family planning utilization among study participants was 146 (53.7%) (95% CI=47.4, 59.2). Formal education (AOR=4.45: 95% CI: (1.18, 16.74) , previous history of abortion (AOR=0.35; 95% CI: (0.14, 0.85), positive attitude (AOR=2.62; 95% CI: (1.09, 6.27), counseled on post abortion family planning utilization (AOR=3.12; 95% CI: (1.30, 7.51) were significantly associated with post abortion family planning utilization.Conclusions: In this study, nearly fifty percent of the respondents did not utilize Postabortion Family Planning (PAFP). Educational status, history of pervious abortion, decision when to have a child, attitude toward PAFP utilization and counseling about PAFP were significantly associated with post-abortion family planning use. The health care providers who give abortion service should give counseling for all women who get abortion service. More accents should be given to misperception of PAFP to change the negative attitude of utilization of PAFP.
CFD Investigation of Fluid Flow Over Aerofoil With and Without Dimple
Authors: Sajjad Uzair , Hamid Khalid , Abbas Naseem 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This work labels the effect of dimples on aerodynamic performance of an airfoil. NACA 0018 having a uniform cross section has been evaluated in this study. Eclipse dimpled airfoil is tested and compared with plain airfoil and with the airfoil in the literature [23,24]. Flows taken into consideration are subsonic. The CAD model is drawn in Solid works 2016, while the simulations are performed in Ansys 18.3. A 2-D CFD investigation is performed on both models using k-w turbulence model, subsequently the better one is selected based on the results. 3D analysis is performed on a segment of airfoil having one dimple. Lift and drag coefficients are calculated for various angles of attack. This investigation tells that dimples affect the aerodynamics of airfoil, particularly for various angle of attacks. For smaller angle of attacks, plain airfoil showed less drag and higher lift, but totally different trend is achieved with increasing angle of attack whereas 20° was found to be the optimum angle. The findings proved that dimples on the surface delay the separation of boundary layer by generating additional turbulence on the surface and consequently reduce the formation of wake, which in turn decreases drag significantly.
Effect of Ni2+substitution on the Structural, Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of PbFe12-xNixO19&nbsp;Nanoparticles
Authors: Ghahfarokhi seyed ebrahim Mousavi , Bazdar Foruzan , Kazeminezhad Iraj , Shobegar Elham Mohammadzadeh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
PbFe12-xNixO19 nanoparticles (x = 0-1) were prepared by a sol–gel method. The influence of Ni2+ substitution on structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of PbFe12O19 nanoparticles was investigated. The samples of PbFe12-xNixO19 nanoparticles have been characterized by the X-ray diffractomere (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning electron spectrometer (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and an LCR meter. The results reveal that PbFe12-xNixO19 compounds up to x = 0.2 are single phase. The bands of absorption in the 400– 500 cm-1 and the bands of absorption in the range of 500 -600 cm-1, corresponding to the formation of octahedral and tetrahedral sites which confirms the presence of metal– oxygen stretching band in ferrites. Also, SEM images show that by increasing Ni2+ doping grains size have been increased. However, for x > 0.2, the secondary Ni spinel ferrite (NiFe2O4) appears which the saturation magnetization and magnetic coercivity decreases. In addition, Ni2+substitution reduces the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and ac electrical conductivity for all samples decrease rapidly with increasing applied field frequency and reaches a constant value beyond a certain frequency which this is characteristic of the normal dielectric behaviour of ferrites and has been investigated by Maxwell–Wagner’s two-layer model and Koop’s theory. The variation in ac conductivity (σac) with frequency shows that the electrical conductivity in these ferrites is mainly attributed to the electron hopping mechanism.Therefore; all single-phase Ni2+ substituted samples are suitable for use in magnetic recording media and microwave devices.
Time to and extent of widespread testing for COVID-19 outbreak: Experience from the first wave in Australia and Italy
Authors: Abedin Sumaiya , Khan Atikur , Khan Saleheen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: At the beginning of COVID-19 outbreak, very little was known about its control options and most of the intervention options relied mainly on other virus outbreak and influenza epidemic. Different countries started responding to this epidemic somewhat in different ways to achieve a common goal of transmission reduction. Population-wide intervention measures such as social distancing, testing and isolation were implemented in different countries. However, commonly adopted intervention measures impacted different countries in different ways. Differential effects of those interventions become apparent in Australia and Italy, where Australia's success to control the epidemic has been in limelight. Differences in time to and extent of widespread testing are likely to have differential effects on the daily number of confirmed cases in both countries.Methods: We apply panel generalized linear models for daily number of cases to explore differential effects of timing to and extent of widespread testing on daily number of cases. We have analyzed daily number of confirmed cases data from the first reported cases in Australia and Italy to 31 May 2020. Our data sets can be downloaded from an open source database at https://ourworldindata.org.Results: More tests during the early stage of outbreak prior to reach the peak may reduce the daily number of cases by almost 40%. Only 1% increase in test positivity on the (t-5)th day may incur 1.84% increase in daily number of cases on the t-th day. For 1% increase in test positivity rate on the (t-5)th day, a country with one unit higher logarithm of population density may result in 2.82 times higher number of cases on the t-th day.Conclusion: Conducting widespread testing during the early stage prior to reaching the peak has favored Australia to control the outbreak much faster than Italy. Early adoption of widespread testing with lower degree of test positivity rates flattens the curve faster. Population density has a moderating effect. Even if the test positivity rate is the same, a region with higher population density is likely to experience a peak with higher number of daily confirmed cases.
Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) as a Meta Model to Integrate Common Data Models: Development of a Tool and Quantitative Validation Study
Authors: Pfaff Emily Rose , Champion James , Bradford Robert Louis , Clark Marshall , Xu Hao , Fecho Karamarie , Krishnamurthy Ashok , Cox Steven , Chute Christopher G , Overby Taylor Casey , Ahalt Stan 
Published: September 2020

Background
In a multisite clinical research collaboration, institutions may or may not use the same common data model (CDM) to store clinical data. To overcome this challenge, we proposed to use Health Level 7’s Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) as a meta-CDM—a single standard to represent clinical data.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to create an open-source application termed the Clinical Asset Mapping Program for FHIR (CAMP FHIR) to efficiently transform clinical data to FHIR for supporting source-agnostic CDM-to-FHIR mapping.

Methods
Mapping with CAMP FHIR involves (1) mapping each source variable to its corresponding FHIR element and (2) mapping each item in the source data’s value sets to the corresponding FHIR value set item for variables with strict value sets. To date, CAMP FHIR has been used to transform 108 variables from the Informatics for Integrating Biology & the Bedside (i2b2) and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Network data models to fields across 7 FHIR resources. It is designed to allow input from any source data model and will support additional FHIR resources in the future.

Results
We have used CAMP FHIR to transform data on approximately 23,000 patients with asthma from our institution’s i2b2 database. Data quality and integrity were validated against the origin point of the data, our enterprise clinical data warehouse.

Conclusions
We believe that CAMP FHIR can serve as an alternative to implementing new CDMs on a project-by-project basis. Moreover, the use of FHIR as a CDM could support rare data sharing opportunities, such as collaborations between academic medical centers and community hospitals. We anticipate adoption and use of CAMP FHIR to foster sharing of clinical data across institutions for downstream applications in translational research.
Polarized Dermoscopy Facilitates Diagnosis and Treatment of Plantar Pseudohirsutism
Authors: Naimer Sody 
Published: September 2020

Background. Plantar cutaneous conditions are the most common causes of foot discomfort limiting ambulation. Identification of indwelling foreign bodies is greatly facilitated by dermoscopy, allowing early detection of the character of the underlying pathological etiology. Furthermore, polarized dermoscopy provides ideal conditions of illumination and three- dimensional visualization of the involved site, without direct contact with the cutaneous surface. This unprecedented report describes its implementation for a solitary hair implanted into plantar skin. Case Presentation. A patient presented with localized plantar discomfort diagnosed as a soft tissue reaction to an embedded single human hair, folded and rooted inside the epidermis. Under magnified vision the phenomenon was characterized, the hair was extracted, the source was manipulated with a hypodermic needle and the lesion was removed with ensuing complete resolution. Conclusions. Previous reports of hair slivers embedded inside the skin were attributed to barbers or animal grooming and the treatment was dictated by the severity of the complications. In this relatively mild case the intervention was greatly facilitated by therapeutic dermoscopy. Therapeutic dermoscopy is advocated for use to evaluate and treat many diverse body surfaces, especially the plantar skin as it raises the likelihood of successful treatment of embedded foreign bodies. Precisely how a single hair may become lodged into normal plantar skin remains to be explained
Performance of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation by Disease Etiology in Advanced CKD
Authors: Hundemer Gregory L. , Tangri Navdeep , Sood Manish M. , Ramsay Tim , Bugeja Ann , Brown Pierre A. , Clark Edward G. , Biyani Mohan , White Christine A. , Akbari Ayub 
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives
The kidney failure risk equation is a clinical tool commonly used for prediction of progression from CKD to kidney failure. The kidney failure risk equation’s accuracy in advanced CKD and whether this varies by CKD etiology remains unknown. This study examined the kidney failure risk equation’s discrimination and calibration at 2 and 5 years among a large tertiary care population with advanced CKD from heterogeneous etiologies.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This retrospective cohort study included 1293 patients with advanced CKD (median eGFR 15 ml/min per 1.73 m2) referred to the Ottawa Hospital Multi-Care Kidney Clinic between 2010 and 2016, with follow-up clinical data available through 2018. Four-variable kidney failure risk equation scores for 2- and 5-year risks of progression to kidney failure (defined as dialysis or kidney transplantation) were calculated upon initial referral and correlated with the subsequent observed kidney failure incidence within these time frames. Receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration plots were used to measure the discrimination and calibration of the kidney failure risk equation both in the overall advanced CKD population and by CKD etiology: diabetic kidney disease, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, GN, polycystic kidney disease, and other. Pairwise comparisons of the receiver operating characteristic curves by CKD etiology were performed to compare kidney failure risk equation discrimination.

Results
The kidney failure risk equation provided adequate to excellent discrimination in identifying patients with CKD likely to progress to kidney failure at the 2- and 5-year time points both overall (2-year area under the curve, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.81 to 0.85; 5-year area under the curve, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.77 to 0.84) and across CKD etiologies. The kidney failure risk equation displayed adequate calibration at the 2- and 5-year time points both overall and across CKD etiologies (Hosmer–Lemeshow P≥0.05); however, the predicted risks of kidney failure were higher than the observed risks across CKD etiologies with the exception of polycystic kidney disease.

Conclusions
The kidney failure risk equation provides adequate discrimination and calibration in advanced CKD and across CKD etiologies.