bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Israeli Defense Force (IDF) veterans with disabilities into the workforce: characteristics and predictors
Authors: Segev Dan , Schiff Miriam 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
According to the ICF Model, the central goal of rehabilitation is the returning of persons with disabilities to an active and fruitful life within society. The Israel Ministry of Defense Rehabilitation Department’s occupational rehabilitation program includes assessment, professional guidance, training, and assistance integrating into employment.

Aim
Examining predictors for the integration of Israel Defense Force veterans with disabilities into the workforce.

Methods
All 1416 male veterans with disabilities who served in the military, were injured during their service, and were treated by the Israel Ministry of Defense Rehabilitation Department between 2001 and 2006 were included in this study. Data collection was based on computerized administrative data in the Ministry of Defense. The data was collected with no identifying details.
Predictive variables were: health condition, personal factors, participation factors, level of functioning and structure, and variables relating to the local environment.

Results
Compared to a physical disability, mental and mixed (physical and mental) disabilities reduce the odds for integration into the workforce. Higher education at the time of the injury is an additional predictor for integration into the workforce. Participation in a rehabilitation track for further education to acquire a profession is one of the main predictors for integration into the workforce.

Conclusion
The results may enable developing more accurate intervention plans, with more efficient use of resources, including consolidation of existing information systems and monitoring the processes and outcomes of rehabilitation.
Energy harvesting and information transmission scheme with UAV relay cooperation
Authors: Ji Baofeng , Chen Zhenzhen , Li Yuqi , Chen Sudan , Zheng Guoqiang , Wen Hong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper proposed a system architecture model of two-hop unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relay wireless communication and designed an energy harvesting and information transmission algorithm based on the energy harvested by UAV relay node. The energy of nodes except source node can be obtained by energy harvesting and all the UAV relay nodes transmitted signals via power splitting. Under the advance of non-static channel, the information user nodes were configured with multiple antennas and adopted max ratio combination (MRC). Based on the optimization criterion of energy efficiency maximization, the analytical solution of the optimal power allocation scheme for energy harvested and information transmission of multi-user two-UAV relay system was derived in detail. Since the optimization problem was a non-convex problem, this paper adopted the high signal-to-noise ratio approximation method and the power splitting method to realize the closed-form solution expression. The optimal solution of the objective function subjected with constraints can be obtained by Lagrangian algorithm and Lambert W function. Finally, the proposed algorithms and theoretical analysis are verified by simulations.
Expression of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) fructosyltransferases, and high fructan accumulation in potato tubers
Authors: Moon Ki-Beom , Ko Hyunjun , Park Ji-Sun , Sohn Jung-Hoon , Cho Hye-Sun , Park Youn-il , Kim Hyun-Soon , Jeon Jae-Heung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFructans are polymers of fructose that are present as storage carbohydrates in various plants. Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) contains a high amount of inulin. Two enzymes are involved in inulin biosynthesis. The sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST) enzyme mainly catalyzes the synthesis of 1-kestose from sucrose. In the next step, fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase (1-FFT) catalyzes the synthesis of inulin from 1-kestose. In this study, the Ht1-SST and Ht1-FFT genes were isolated from Jerusalem artichoke and expressed in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), either separately or together, via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic potato tubers overexpressing Ht1-SST accumulated 1-kestose to a high level (up to 3.36 mg/g), while tubers overexpressing both Ht1-SST and Ht1-FFT accumulated up to 3.14 mg/g short-chain inulin-type fructans, with the degree of polymerization (DP) ranging from 3 to 5, excluding high DP inulins. Transgenic potato plants accumulated fructo-oligosaccharides to a high level, following the fructan biosynthetic pathway of Jerusalem artichoke, and therefore present a high potential for the mass production of inulin through established potato breeding and cultivation methods.
PTSD prevalence among resident mothers and their offspring in Rwanda 25 years after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi
Authors: Mutuyimana Celestin , Sezibera Vincent , Nsabimana Epaphrodite , Mugabo Lambert , Cassady Cindi , Musanabaganwa Clarisse , Kayiteshonga Yvonne 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi was a major traumatic event affecting nearly all Rwandans. Significant psychological sequels continue to occur in the population 25 years after, with a high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) found in women. Three groups are typically designated with regard to the Genocide against the Tutsi: those who were targeted and categorized as genocide “survivors,” those who were in the country during the genocide and were the “non-targeted” group, and those who were outside of the country, referred to as the “1959 returnees.” Each group experienced various traumatic events during and in the aftermath of the genocide. Offspring of the designated groups, currently exhibit symptoms of PTSD disregarding of being born in the years following the genocide. A number of studies have described the prevalence of PTSD in the general adult population. There is a lack of research comparing the prevalence of PTSD in women and their offspring among these three target groups, therefore, this study aimed to bridge the gap.

Methods
We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study with a sample of 432 mothers and 432 children in three categories: genocide survivors, in country non-targeted and 1959 returnees. Participant ages for children were between 14 to 22 years and for mothers, between the ages of 32 to 87 years. The UCLA-PTSD DSM-5, PTSD Check list-5 and Life events Checklist-5 were translated from English to Kinyarwanda and were used to assess exposure to trauma and the prevalence of PTSD symptoms in Rwandan mothers and their offspring.

Results
Key Results yield a PTSD rate of 18.8, 6.2, 5.2% within survivors, in country non-targeted, and returnees respectively with an average PTSD rate of 43.8% for parents, and 16.5% for offspring.

Conclusion
PTSD among the mothers’ groups and their offspring have been found, specifically in the offspring of genocide survivors. Considering these adolescents were not born at the time of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi, the results suggest future studies should explore the precipitating factors contributing to the PTSD symptoms within this specific group.
Evaluation of immunological, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers in gasoline station attendants
Authors: Moro Angela Maria , Sauer Elisa , Brucker Natália , Charão Mariele Feiffer , Gauer Bruna , do Nascimento Sabrina Nunes , Goethel Gabriela , Duarte Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura , Garcia Solange Cristina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Gasoline is a complex mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, in which aromatic compounds, such as BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylene) feature as the main constituents. Simultaneous exposure to these aromatic hydrocarbons causes a significant impact on benzene toxicity. In order to detect early alterations caused in gasoline station attendants exposed to BTX compounds, immunological, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated.

Methods
A total of 66 male subjects participated in this study. The gasoline station attendants (GSA) group consisted of 38 gasoline station attendants from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The non-exposed group consisted of 28 subjects who were non-smokers and who had no history of occupational exposure. Environmental and biological monitoring of BTX exposure was performed using blood and urine.

Results
The GSA group showed increased BTX concentrations in relation to the non-exposed group (p < 0.001). The GSA group showed elevated protein carbonyl (PCO) levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased expression of CD80 and CD86 in monocytes, and reduced glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity compared to the non-exposed group (p < 0.05). BTX levels and trans,trans-muconic acid levels were positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines and negatively correlated with interleukin-10 contents (p < 0.001). Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were accompanied by increased PCO contents and decreased GST activity (p < 0.001). Furthermore, according to the multiple linear regression analysis, benzene exposure was the only factor that significantly contributed to the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Taken together, these findings show the influence of exposure to BTX compounds, especially benzene, on the immunological, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers evaluated. Furthermore, the data suggest the relationship among the evaluated biomarkers of effect, which could contribute to providing early signs of damage to biomolecules in subjects occupationally exposed to BTX compounds.
Gamma-hexalactone flavoring causes DNA lesion and modulates cytokines secretion at non-cytotoxic concentrations
Authors: Zuravski Luísa , Escobar Taiane A. , Schmitt Elizandra G. , Amaral Queila D. F. , Paula Fávero R. , Duarte Thiago , Duarte Marta M. M. F. , Machado Michel M. , Oliveira Luís F. S. , Manfredini Vanusa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The γ-hexalactone is a flavoring agent for alcoholic beverages, teas, breads, dairy products, coffees, buttery products among others. It presents low molecular weight and exhibits sweet fruity aroma with nuances of nuts. As far as we know, both literature and government regulations have gaps regarding the safe use of the γ-hexalactone. In this context, the main objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of γ-hexalactone through in silico and in vitro approaches.

Methods
The in silico analysis was performed through four free online platforms (admetSAR, Osiris Property Explorer®, pkCSM platform and PreADMET) and consisted of comparative structural analysis with substances present in databases. The computational prediction was performed in the sense of complement and guide the in vitro tests. Regarding in vitro investigations, screening of cytotoxicity (assessed by cell proliferation and viability parameters) in lymphocytes exposed to γ-hexalactone for 72 h were carried out previously to determine non-cytotoxic concentrations. Following this screening, concentrations of 5.15, 0.515, and 0.0515 μM were selected for the study of the respective potentials: genotoxic (assessed by DNA comet assay), chromosomal mutation (analysis of micronucleus frequency) and immunomodulatory (cytokine quantification using ELISA immunoassay). The results of in vitro assays were compared by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test, conducted by statistic software.

Results
The platform PreADMET pointed out that γ-hexalactone is potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic. The comet assay data corroborate with these results demonstrating that γ-hexalactone at 5.15 μM caused lymphocytes DNA damage. In relation to cytokine secretion, the results indicate that lymphocytes were activated by γ-hexalactone at non-cytotoxic concentrations, involving an increase in the IL-1 levels in all tested concentrations, ranging from approximately 56 to 93%. The γ-hexalactone only at 5.15 μM induced increase in the levels of IL-6 (~ 60%), TNF-α (~ 68%) and IFN-γ (~ 29%), but decreased IL-10 (~ 46%) in comparison with the negative control (p < 0.05). No change was observed in total lymphocytes or in cell viability at the concentrations tested.

Conclusions
In summary, the γ-hexalactone demonstrated immunomodulatory and genotoxic effects at non-cytotoxic concentrations in healthy lymphocytes.
Polarizing receptor activation dissociates fibroblast growth factor 2 mediated inhibition of myelination from its neuroprotective potential
Authors: Thümmler Katja , Rom Eran , Zeis Thomas , Lindner Maren , Brunner Sarah , Cole John J. , Arseni Diana , Mücklisch Steve , Edgar Julia M. , Schaeren-Wiemers Nicole , Yayon Avner , Linington Christopher 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling contributes to failure of remyelination in multiple sclerosis, but targeting this therapeutically is complicated by its functional pleiotropy. We now identify FGF2 as a factor up-regulated by astrocytes in active inflammatory lesions that disrupts myelination via FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) mediated activation of Wingless (Wnt) signaling; pharmacological inhibition of Wnt being sufficient to abrogate inhibition of myelination by FGF2 in tissue culture. Using a novel FGFR1-selective agonist (F2 V2) generated by deleting the N-terminal 26 amino acids of FGF2 we demonstrate polarizing signal transduction to favor FGFR1 abrogates FGF mediated inhibition of myelination but retains its ability to induce expression of pro-myelinating and immunomodulatory factors that include Cd93, Lif, Il11, Hbegf, Cxcl1 and Timp1. Our data provide new insights into the mechanistic basis of remyelination failure in MS and identify selective activation of FGFR1 as a novel strategy to induce a neuroprotective signaling environment in multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases.
Organotypic slice culture model demonstrates inter-neuronal spreading of alpha-synuclein aggregates
Authors: Elfarrash Sara , Jensen Nanna Møller , Ferreira Nelson , Betzer Cristine , Thevathasan Jervis Vermal , Diekmann Robin , Adel Mohamed , Omar Nisreen Mansour , Boraie Mohamed Z. , Gad Sabry , Ries Jonas , Kirik Deniz , Nabavi Sadegh , Jensen Poul Henning 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHere we describe the use of an organotypic hippocampal slice model for studying α-synuclein aggregation and inter-neuronal spreading initiated by microinjection of pre-formed α-synuclein fibrils (PFFs). PFF injection at dentate gyrus (DG) templates the formation of endogenous α-synuclein aggregates in axons and cell bodies of this region that spread to CA3 and CA1 regions. Aggregates are insoluble and phosphorylated at serine-129, recapitulating Lewy pathology features found in Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies. The model was found to favor anterograde spreading of the aggregates. Furthermore, it allowed development of slices expressing only serine-129 phosphorylation-deficient human α-synuclein (S129G) using an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector in α-synuclein knockout slices. The processes of aggregation and spreading of α-synuclein were thereby shown to be independent of phosphorylation at serine-129. We provide methods and highlight crucial steps for PFF microinjection and characterization of aggregate formation and spreading. Slices derived from genetically engineered mice or manipulated using viral vectors allow testing of hypotheses on mechanisms involved in the formation of α-synuclein aggregates and their prion-like spreading.
Chlorophyll as key indicator to evaluate astaxanthin accumulation ability of Haematococcus pluvialis
Authors: Fang Lei , Zhang Jingkui , Fei Zhongnan , Wan Minxi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Natural astaxanthin is mainly derived from Haematococcus pluvialis. In the photoinduction phase, astaxanthin accumulation ability can be significantly affected by the characteristics of H. pluvialis cells in the proliferation phase. Based on sequential heterotrophy–dilution–photoinduction (SHDP) technology, the authors’ previous study showed that high astaxanthin accumulation ability is accompanied by high chlorophyll content of H. pluvialis heterotrophic cell; whereas the mechanism of this result remained largely obscure. Therefore, transcriptome analysis was conducted to explain this mechanism.

Results
RNA-seq analysis showed that the transcription level of chlorophyll synthesis-related genes was negatively correlated with genes related to astaxanthin synthesis. A metabolic network between chlorophyll synthesis and astaxanthin accumulation was proposed.

Conclusions
The relationship between chlorophyll synthesis and astaxanthin accumulation was clarified. Chlorophyll degradation products might be used for astaxanthin synthesis through certain pathways. This study enlightens on the mechanism for the transformation of pigment and is conducive to optimize culture process of H. pluvialis by improving the chlorophyll content of heterotrophic cell.
Ultra-early changes in vascular parameters from dynamic contrast enhanced MRI of breast cancer xenografts following systemic therapy with doxorubicin and liver X receptor agonist
Authors: Pitman Kathinka E. , Bakke Kine M. , Kristian Alexandr , Malinen Eirik 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) may be used to depict tumour vascular structure and for therapy response assessment in various tumour sites. The purpose of the current work is to examine whether ultra-early changes in tumour physiology following cytotoxic treatment with doxorubicin and liver X receptor (LXR) agonist GW3965 are detectable by DCE-MRI.

Methods
36 female, athymic nude foxn1nu mice with bilaterally implanted breast cancer xenografts (17 with ER-positive HBCx34, 19 with triple-negative HBCx39) were randomised in the following treatment groups; control, GW3965 (40 mg/kg p.o.), doxorubicin (8 mg/kg i.v.) and a combination therapy of GW3965 and doxorubicin. DCE-MRI (3D FLASH on a 7 T preclinical scanner) was performed at baseline and one and six days after onset of treatment. Wash-in (30 s p.i.) and wash-out (300 s p.i.) enhancement were quantified from dynamic uptake curves, before voxel-by-voxel fitting to the pharmacokinetic Tofts model and generation of maps for the resulting parameters Ktrans, νe and νB. Treatment effect was evaluated by univariate repeated measures mixed-effects maximum likelihood regression models applied to median tumour data.

Results
We found no effects of any treatment 24 h post treatment. After 6 days, doxorubicin given as both mono- and combination therapy gave significant increases of ~ 30% in wash-in enhancement (p < 0.011) and Ktrans (p < 0.017), and 40–50% in νB (p < 0.024) for HBCx34, but not for HBCx39. No effects of GW3965 were observed at any time (p > 0.1).

Conclusions
Twenty-four h after onset of treatment was too early to evaluate treatment effects by DCE-MRI. Early enhancement and Ktrans were approximately equally sensitive metrics to capture treatment effects six days pt. Pharmacokinetic modelling however allowed us to attribute the observed effect to changes in tumour perfusion rather than increased retention.
Worm gear mechanism with switchable backdrivability
Authors: Takayama Toshio , Hisamatsu Naoto 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA worm gear has the advantages of a large reduction ratio and non-backdrivability. Because of this non-backdrivability, it can maintain a joint angle without energy consumption. Today, many robots have large workspaces that extend into the living spaces of humans, and they are required to work cooperatively with humans. In such cases, backdrivability is necessary to achieve high compliance for robots. Compliance helps robots perform cooperative tasks with humans, and protects its mechanisms and humans in the case of a collision. However, a worm gear cannot be backdriven because of the friction between tooth surfaces. Therefore, we have developed a worm gear mechanism that can switch its backdrivability using vibration that reduces friction. In this paper, we present a dynamic model of the worm gear to analyze the friction-reduction phenomenon caused by vibrations. We discuss the change in the effectiveness of the backdrivability with the change in the vibration direction. Finally, we experimentally confirm the certainty of the analysis.
Case series of reports of pruritus and sipuleucel-T submitted to the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Dores Graça M. , Perez-Vilar Silvia , Niu Manette T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSipuleucel-T, an autologous active cellular immunotherapy, is indicated for the treatment of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) received a report of pruritus without rash following the second dose of sipuleucel-T in a patient who had otherwise not started any new medications concurrent with the first and second doses of sipuleucel-T. No further sipuleucel-T was administered, but symptoms persisted for at least 6 weeks despite treatment with several medications aimed at symptomatic relief of pruritus. Rash is the only dermatologic adverse event included in the sipuleucel-T U.S. package insert. A search of the FAERS database yielded seven additional U.S. reports of pruritus and sipuleucel-T identified as the primary suspect medication; two of these occurred prior to the administration of sipuleucel-T (following leukapheresis). In data mining analyses, pruritus following sipuleucel-T was not reported more frequently than expected when compared to all other adverse event-drug/biologic combinations in FAERS. Thus, pruritus following sipuleucel-T administration was rarely, but not disproportionately, reported to FAERS. Although we cannot exclude the possibility that diabetes, malignancy, or other conditions may have contributed to pruritus in our index patient, in view of the timing of sipuleucel-T therapy and onset of symptoms, a drug/biologic-related reaction is plausible. In the appropriate clinical scenario, sipuleucel-T (or its components) should not be overlooked as a potential etiological agent in pruritus.