bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival prediction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease following a pulmonary rehabilitation programme in Hong Kong
Authors: Lau Cherry WL , Mok Thomas , Ko William WN , Ng Bobby HP , Chan Irene HL , Tsui Teresa TS , Ling SO , Kwan HY , Poon YN , Yim CW , Yau PY 
Published: November 2019

Background and objective Pulmonary rehabilitation programme (PRP) is an important component in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, to date so far there has been limited literature on the survival outcomes of patients with COPD after a PRP in Hong Kong. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme on the survival rates of a retrospective cohort of patients with COPD. Methods This was a retrospective study that included subjects who participated in the PRP in a rehabilitation hospital from the year 2003 to 2015. A total of 431 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were identified from the electronic record system of the hospital. The dataset were split into two age groups for reporting and analysis using the mean age of 72 as the cut-off. Their median survival times were calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Cox-proportional regression model was used to explore factors that predicted better survival. The most significant predictors were used as strata, and their respective effects on survival functions were analysed with Kaplan–Meier analysis again. Results The overall median survival of the cohort was 4.3 years. The median survival times of the younger patient group (aged <72) and the older patient group (aged ≥72) were 5.3 and 3.6 years, respectively. For the patients, aged <72 years old, Moser’s Activities of Daily Living class and the pulmonary rehabilitation programme completion rate were the most significant survival predictors. For the patients aged ≥72 years old, Monitored Functional Task Evaluation score was the most significant survival predictor. Conclusion Moser’s Activities of Daily Living class ≥2 and non-completion of PRP for younger group, low exercise capacity with Monitored Functional Task Evaluation score <17 for older group were identified as significant predictors of poor survival. The findings of this study helped identifying those patients with COPD who have the needs to be more intensively treated and closely monitored.
Role of bone morphogenetic protein-2/4 in astrocyte activation in neuropathic pain
Authors: Yang Lin , Liu Shuxin , Wang Yaping 
Published: November 2019

Background Bone morphogenetic protein-2/4 (BMP2/4) has been recognized as promoters of astrocyte activity. Substantial evidence suggests that BMP2/4 may be elevated and plays a critical role in astrocyte activation upon spinal cord injury. Although neuropathic pain is similarly associated with astrocyte activation, the participation of BMP2/4 in this regard still remains unclear. Methods A rat model of neuropathic pain achieved by spinal nerve ligation at L5 was used to evaluate the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and BMP2/4 in the spinal cord in days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14. Next, normal rats received intrathecal exogenous BMP2/4 and the antagonist Noggin to assess the effect of BMP2/4 on astrocyte activation. In both experiments, von Frey filaments were used to evaluate the changes in paw withdrawal threshold. In addition, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to assess the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, BMP2/4, p-Smad 1/5/8, and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (p-STAT3) in the spinal cord. Results Firstly, spinal nerve ligation caused a significant increase in the expression of BMP4, while BMP2 levels remained unchanged. Secondly, exogenous BMP4 but not BMP2 induced a significant decrease in paw withdrawal threshold, along with the upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Moreover, exogenous BMP4 stimulated both p-Smad 1/5/8 and p-STAT3, while BMP2 only upregulated p-Smad 1/5/8. Finally, exogenous Noggin alleviated the decrease in paw withdrawal threshold induced by BMP4 and reduced astrocyte activation, as well as p-STAT3 upregulation. Conclusions Our results indicate only BMP4—and not BMP2—intervened in allodynia in rats by eliciting glial activation probably through both p-Smad 1/5/8 and p-STAT3 signaling.
KRAS and ERBB-family genetic alterations affect response to PD-1 inhibitors in metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC
Authors: Cinausero Marika , Laprovitera Noemi , Maglio Giovanna De , Gerratana Lorenzo , Riefolo Mattia , Macerelli Marianna , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Porcellini Elisa , Buoro Vanessa , Gelsomino Francesco , Squadrilli Anna , Fasola Gianpiero , Negrini Massimo , Tiseo Marcello , Ferracin Manuela , Ardizzoni Andrea 
Published: November 2019

Background: Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors represent novel therapeutic options for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, approximately 50% of patients do not benefit from therapy and experience rapid disease progression. PD-L1 expression is the only approved biomarker of benefit to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. However, its weakness has been evidenced in many studies. More recently, tumor mutational burden (TMB) has proved to be a suitable biomarker, but its calculation is difficult to obtain for all patients. Methods: We tested specific NSCLC genetic alterations as potential immunotherapy biomarkers. Tumor DNA was obtained from advanced NSCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab ( n = 44) or pembrolizumab ( n = 3). The mutational status of 22 genes was assessed by targeted next-generation sequencing and the association with survival was tested in uni- and multivariate models. The association between gene mutations and clinical benefit was also investigated. Results: The most frequently mutated genes were TP53 (49%), KRAS (43%), ERBB2 (13%), SMAD4 (13%), DDR2 (13%), STK11 (9%), ERBB4 (6%), EGFR (6%), BRAF (6%), and MET (6%). We confirmed that KRASmut patients have a better response to PD-1 inhibitors, showing a longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than KRASwt patients. In addition, we observed that patients with ERBB-family mutations, including EGFR, ERBB2, and ERBB4 all failed to respond to PD-1 antibodies, independently of KRAS status. Conclusions: This study suggests that the analysis of KRAS and ERBB-family gene mutational status is valuable when assessing the clinical practice for the selection of NSCLC patients to treat with PD-1 inhibitors.
The Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: COLEMAN DANIEL H. , STEVENS ALEXANDER R. , FINCH CLEMENT A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the normal individual the amount of iron absorbed and lost from the body each day is exceedingly small. There are certain periods during life when body iron requirements are increased; the most important of these is infancy. Here, existing iron stores are rapidly depleted, and a deficient diet can soon produce iron deficiency. Once a full complement of body iron has been accrued, the adult is independent of iron intake and becomes iron deficient only through blood loss.
In the production of iron deficiency, iron stores are exhausted before anemia appears. If any question in diagnosis from usual laboratory tests exists, the direct. examination of marrow for hemosiderin will establish the diagnosis. It is of obvious importance to confirm the diagnosis by specific therapy and to determine the cause of the iron depletion.
Response to oral iron is highly predictable and failure of response usually in dictates a mistaken diagnosis. In a small but significant group of patients, either unable to take iron because of gastrointestinal symptoms, unable to absorb iron, or in need of iron reserves, parenteral administration of iron has distinct advantages. The saccharated oxide of iron is an effective preparation for this purpose.
Large-scale in vitro production of red blood cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Heshusius Steven , Heideveld Esther , Burger Patrick , Thiel-Valkhof Marijke , Sellink Erica , Varga Eszter , Ovchynnikova Elina , Visser Anna , Martens Joost H. A. , von Lindern Marieke , van den Akker Emile 
Published: November 2019

Key Points
This article provides a defined GMP-grade medium and erythroid culture protocol, resulting in >90% enucleated RBC. This article provides a high-resolution database of RNA expression dynamics at daily intervals during terminal erythroid differentiation.
Application of a New Multiplexed Array for Rapid, Sensitive, Simultaneous and Quantitative Assessment of Spliced and Unspliced XBP1
Authors: Creedican Stuart , Talty Aaron , Fitzgerald Stephen P. , Samali Afshin , Richardson Ciarán , Gorman Adrienne M. , Martin Kenneth 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIRE1α-mediated unconventional splicing of XBP1 is emerging as a biomarker in several disease states and is indicative of activation of the unfolded protein response sensor IRE1. Splicing ofXBP1mRNA results in the translation of two distinct XBP1 protein isoforms (XBP1s and XBP1u) which, due to post-translational regulation, do not correlate with mRNA levels. As both XBP1 isoforms are implicated in pathogenic or disease progression mechanisms there is a need for a reliable, clinically applicable method to detect them.MethodsA multiplexed isoform-specific XBP1 array utilising Biochip array technology (BAT™) was assessed for specificity and suitability when using cell protein lysates. The array was applied to RIPA protein lysates from several relevant pre-clinical models with an aim to quantify XBP1 isoforms in comparison with RT-PCR or immunoblot reference methods.ResultsA novel reliable, specific and sensitive XBP1 biochip was successfully utilised in pre-clinical research. Application of this biochip to detect XBP1 splicing at the protein level in relevant breast cancer models, under basal conditions as well as pharmacological inhibition and paclitaxel induction, confirmed the findings of previous studies. The biochip was also applied to non-adherent cells and used to quantify changes in the XBP1 isoforms upon activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.ConclusionsThe XBP1 biochip enables isoform specific quantification of protein level changes upon activation and inhibition of IRE1α RNase activity, using a routine clinical methodology. As such it provides a research tool and potential clinical tool with a quantified, simultaneous, rapid output that is not available from any other published method.
Genome-wide investigation of the heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) gene family in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)
Authors: Liu Moyang , Huang Qin , Sun Wenjun , Ma Zhaotang , Huang Li , Wu Qi , Tang Zizhong , Bu Tongliang , Li Chenglei , Chen Hui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Heat shock transcription factor (Hsfs) is widely found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Hsfs can not only help organisms resist high temperature, but also participate in the regulation of plant growth and development (such as involved in the regulation of seed maturity and affects the root length of plants). The Hsf gene was first isolated from yeast and then gradually found in plants and sequenced, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, maize. Tartary buckwheat is a rutin-rich crop, and its nutritional value and medicinal value are receiving more and more attention. However, there are few studies on the Hsf genes in Tartary buckwheat. With the whole genome sequence of Tartary buckwheat, we can effectively study the Hsf gene family in Tartary buckwheat.

Results
According to the study, 29 Hsf genes of Tartary buckwheat (FtHsf) were identified and renamed according to location of FtHsf genes on chromosome after removing a redundant gene. Therefore, only 29 FtHsf genes truly had the functional characteristics of the FtHsf family. The 29 FtHsf genes were located on 8 chromosomes of Tartary buckwheat, and we found gene duplication events in the FtHsf gene family, which may promote the expansion of the FtHsf gene family. Then, the motif compositions and the evolutionary relationship of FtHsf proteins and the gene structures, cis-acting elements in the promoter, synteny analysis of FtHsf genes were discussed in detail. What’s more, we found that the transcription levels of FtHsf in different tissues and fruit development stages were significantly different by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), implied that FtHsf may differ in function.

Conclusions
In this study, only 29 Hsf genes were identified in Tartary buckwheat. Meanwhile, we also classified the FtHsf genes, and studied their structure, evolutionary relationship and the expression pattern. This series of studies has certain reference value for the study of the specific functional characteristics of Tartary buckwheat Hsf genes and to improve the yield and quality of Tartary buckwheat in the future.
Transcriptional insights into key genes and pathways controlling muscle lipid metabolism in broiler chickens
Authors: Liu Lu , Liu Xiaojing , Cui Huanxian , Liu Ranran , Zhao Guiping , Wen Jie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntramuscular fat (IMF) is one of the most important factors positively associated with meat quality. Triglycerides (TGs), as the main component of IMF, play an essential role in muscle lipid metabolism. This transcriptome analysis of pectoralis muscle tissue aimed to identify functional genes and biological pathways likely contributing to the extreme differences in the TG content of broiler chickens.ResultsThe study included Jingxing-Huang broilers that were significantly different in TG content (5.81 mg/g and 2.26 mg/g,p < 0.01) and deposition of cholesterol also showed the same trend. This RNA sequencing analysis was performed on pectoralis muscle samples from the higher TG content group (HTG) and the lower TG content group (LTG) chickens. A total of 1200 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between two groups, of which 59 DEGs were related to TG and steroid metabolism. The HTG chickens overexpressed numerous genes related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis in pectoralis muscle tissue, including the key genesADIPOQ,CD36,FABP4,FABP5, LPL,SCD,PLIN1,CIDECandPPARG, as well as genes related to steroid biosynthesis (DHCR24,LSS,MSMO1,NSDHLandCH25H). Additionally, key pathways related to lipid storage and metabolism (the steroid biosynthesis and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway) may be the key pathways regulating differential lipid deposition between HTG group and LTG group.ConclusionsThis study showed that increased TG deposition accompanying an increase in steroid synthesis in pectoralis muscle tissue. Our findings of changes in gene expression of steroid biosynthesis and PPAR signaling pathway in HTG and LTG chickens provide insight into genetic mechanisms involved in different lipid deposition patterns in pectoralis muscle tissue.
Ileal intubation is not associated with higher detection rate of right-sided conventional adenomas and serrated polyps compared to cecal intubation after adjustment for overall adenoma detection rate
Authors: Buerger Martin , Kasper Philipp , Allo Gabriel , Gillessen Johannes , Schramm Christoph 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
High cecal intubation rate (CIR) is associated with significant improved adenoma detection rate (ADR), however, self-reported CIR may be overestimated and inadequate documentation of cecal intubation is associated with a lower polyp detection rate compared to clear documentation. We aimed to investigate if ileal intubation may be associated with higher detection rates (DR) for right-sided conventional adenomas (cAD) and serrated polyps (SP) compared to cecal intubation in a large screening colonoscopy cohort.

Material and methods
Retrospective analysis of individuals ≥50 years with average risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) who underwent screening colonoscopy between 01/01/2012 and 14/12/2016 at a tertiary academic hospital and six community-based private practices. Exclusion criteria were conditions with increased risk for CRC (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, history of CRC, hereditary cancer syndromes), previous colonoscopy at the same institution, and incomplete procedures. Right-sided colon was defined as caecum and ascending colon.

Results
4.138 individuals were analysed (mean age 62 years, 52.1% female). DR for right-sided cADs and SPs were significantly higher after ileal compared to cecal intubation in univariate (12.5% vs. 6.8%, p < 0.001, and 6.3% vs. 3.3%, p < 0.001), but not in multivariate analysis (OR 1.025, 95%-CI 0.639–1.646, p = 0.918, and OR 0.937, 95%-CI 0.671–1.309, p = 0.704). DRs did not differ between ileal and cecal intubation for endoscopists with ADR ≥25 and < 25%, respectively. ADR ≥25% was significantly associated with ileal intubation (OR 21.862, 95%-CI 18.049–26.481, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Ileal intubation may not provide any benefit over cecal intubation concerning the detection of cADs and SPs in the right-sided colon.
A Danish version of the life-space assessment (LSA-DK) – translation, content validity and cultural adaptation using cognitive interviewing in older mobility limited adults
Authors: Pedersen Mette Merete , Kjær-Sørensen Pia , Midtgaard Julie , Brown Cynthia J. , Bodilsen Ann Christine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Identification and prevention of mobility limitations in older adults is important to reduce adverse health outcomes. The Life-Space Assessment (LSA) provides a single measure of mobility including environmental and social resources of the older adult. Availability of the LSA for non-English speaking countries is still sparse. Therefore, we translated the LSA into Danish and performed a content validity analysis of the translation in older adults with mobility limitations.

Methods
After translation into Danish, the Danish version (LSA-DK) was content validated using cognitive interviewing in older mobility limited adults (+ 65) from an outpatient rehabilitation center (n = 12), medical wards at a university hospital (n = 11), and an assisted living facility (n = 7). The interviews were transcribed and analyzed according to the four stages of the Information Processing Model. Based on the analyses, recommendations for changes to the LSA-DK and to the manual were made and presented to the developers of the LSA.

Results
Consensus was reached on the LSA-DK. Thirty cognitive interviews were carried out. A wide range of sources of error primarily related to the comprehension, memory and decision process were identified. The frequency and type of error sources were most prevalent among assisted living facility informants and included difficulties in defining the geographical extension of neighborhood, town and outside town. The results led to adaptations to the questionnaire and manual to support implementation of the LSA-DK in clinical practice.

Conclusions
The Life-Space Assessment was translated into Danish and content validated based on cognitive interviews. Adaptations were made to support that the Danish version can be implemented in clinical practice and used in the assessment of mobility in older Danish adults.
Differences between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with community-acquired pneumonia in primary care in Spain
Authors:   on behalf of NEUMOEXPERTOS group, Arias Fernández Loreto , Pardo Seco Jacobo , Cebey-López Miriam , Gil Prieto Ruth , Rivero-Calle Irene , Martinon-Torres Federico , Gil de Miguel Ángel , Martinón-Torres F. , Vargas D. , Mascarós E. , Redondo E. , Díaz-Maroto J. L. , Linares-Rufo M. , Gil A. , Molina J. , Ocaña D. , Rivero-Calle I. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Diabetes is one of the underlying risk factors for developing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The high prevalence of diabetes among population and the rising incidence of this illness, converts it as an important disease to better control and manage, to prevent its secondary consequences as CAP.
The objective of this research is to describe the characteristics of the patients with diabetes and the differences with the no diabetes who have had an episode of CAP in the context of the primary care field.

Methods
A retrospective, observational study in adult patients (> 18 years-old) who suffer from CAP and attended at primary care in Spain between 2009 and 2013 was developed using the Computerized Database for Pharmacoepidemiological Studies in Primary Care (BIFAP). We carried out a descriptive analysis of the first episodes of CAP, in patients with or without diabetes as comorbidity. Other morbidity (CVA, Anaemia, Arthritis, Asthma, Heart disease, Dementia, Depression, Dysphagia, Multiple sclerosis, Epilepsy, COPD, Liver disease, Arthrosis, Parkinson’s disease, Kidney disease, HIV) and life-style factors were also included in the study.

Results
A total of 51,185 patients were included in the study as they suffer from the first episode of CAP. Of these, 8012 had diabetes as comorbidity. There were differences between sex and age in patients with diabetes. Patients without diabetes were younger, and had less comorbidities including those related to lifestyles such as smoking, alcoholism, social and dental problems than patients with diabetes.

Conclusions
Patients who developed an episode of CAP with diabetes have more risk factors which could be reduced with an appropriate intervention, including vaccination to prevent successive CAP episodes and hospitalization.
The burden of associated factors in these patients can produce an accumulation of risk. Health care professional should know this for treating and control these patients in order to avoid complications. Diabetes and those other risk factors associated could be reduced with an appropriate intervention, including vaccination to prevent the first and successive CAP episodes and the subsequent hospitalization in severe cases.