bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Non‐enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor Based on Pd−Mn Alloy Nanoparticles Supported on Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Lan Jianjun , Zhang Xiaoxia , Fan Youjun , Zhang Panyu , Liu Chengzhou , Jiang Zhe , Wang Xiaoqu , Zeng Jianqiang , Chen Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMixed metals alloy nanoparticles supported on carbon nanomaterial are the most attractive candidates for the fabrication of non‐enzymatic electrochemical sensor with enhanced electrochemical performance. In this study, palladium‐manganese alloy nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide (Pd−Mn/rGO) are prepared by a simple reduction protocol. Further, a novel enzyme‐free glucose sensing platform is established based on Pd−Mn/rGO. The successful fabrication of Pd−Mn alloy nanoparticles and their attachment at rGO are thoroughly characterized by various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques such as XRD, Raman, TEM and XPS. The electrochemical activity and sensing features of designed material towards glucose detection are explored by amperometric measurments in 0.1 M NaOH at the working voltage of −0.1 V. Thanks to the newly designed Pd−Mn/rGO nanohybrid for their superior electrorochemical activity towards glucose comprising the admirable sensing features in terms of targeted selectivity, senstivity, two linear parts and good stability. The enhanced electrochemical efficacy of Pd−Mn/rGO electrocatalyst may be credited to the abundant elecrocatalytic active sites formed during the Pd−Mn alloying and the electron transport ability of rGO that augment the electron shuttling phenomenon between the electrode material and targeted analyte.
A community‐based social P2P network for sharing human life digital memories
Authors: Ur Rahman Haseeb , Merabti Madjid , Llewellyn‐Jones David , Sudirman Sud , Ghani Anwar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSocial peer‐to‐peer (P2P) networks are usually designed by reflecting a user's interest/behavior for structuring the underlying network. Human interest is affected by various factors such as age, locality, and so on which changes after some time. The behavior when reflected in a network, results in peers moving within the network in order to connect the peer with peers of the same behavior/interest. Especially in community‐based schemes when a peer leaves a community the data that a peer was sharing will not be accessible in the same community anymore. It has an effect on the performance of the network due to the inaccessibility of data and the unavailability of connections, which affect network robustness. We address this issue by considering entities in data in the form of digital memories of a user and structuring network according to entity‐based communities. The simulation results for the proposed entity‐based community are demonstrated, which shows the effect on network performance during varying network size and traffic.
Advanced persistent threat organization identification based on software gene of malware
Authors: Chen Weixiang , Helu Xiaohan , Jin Chengjie , Zhang Man , Lu Hui , Sun Yanbin , Tian Zhihong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSince the concept of IoT (Internet of Things) was proposed, it has digitized the real world and has a wide range of applications. However, with tremendous evolution in data acquisition and transfer, a new type of attack represented by advanced persistent threat (APT) has attracted wide attention. APT organization identification for malware is a method to detect APT attacks. However, most of malware is tailored to the goal, it is complex and changeable, or can be updated very quickly. The traditional analysis method is difficult to obtain the source information of APT organization from the malware in the IoT. To this end, we propose a software genes method to solve this problem. Software gene is binary fragment of specific function or information in the software body. In this paper, different from traditional data flow and instruction flow, a new gene model is proposed which combine with knowledge graph of malware behavior. We fill the processed malware information into the gene model to obtain the APT organization gene pool. Of course, the gene pool should be optimized to include the genetic characteristics of APT. In theory, there genetic characteristics can help us identify malware and APT accurately in the IoT. However, biological genetic similarity algorithms cannot be used directly. A genetic similarity algorithm for APT organization identification of malware will be designed instead. Simulations on real‐world dataset corroborate theoretical analysis and reveal the possibility of using genes for malware traceability.
Intermediary asset pricing in commodity futures returns
Authors: Yin Libo , Nie Jing , Han Liyan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper assesses the extent to which intermediary capital (IC) risk contributes toward explaining commodity futures returns. We find that the IC effect is substantially positive and continues to grow as the financialization of commodities deepens. Positive and negative IC risks play asymmetric roles, with the effect of negative IC strengthening in recent subperiods. We further confirm the heterogeneous roles of IC across individual commodities by cross‐section analyses. Overall, the effect of the positive IC risk factor varies significantly. Portfolios with low basis, low open interest, low momentum, and low liquidity earn significantly higher returns than counterparty portfolios.
Transient effect of mossy fiber stimulation on spatial firing of CA3 neurons in familiar and novel environments
Authors: Lee Joonyeup , Bae Chanmee , Lee Doyun , Jung Min Whan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHippocampal mossy fibers have long been proposed to impose new patterns to learn onto CA3 neurons during new memory formation. However, inconsistent with this theory, we found in our previous study that mossy fiber stimulation induces only transient changes in CA3 spatial firing in a familiar environment. Here, we tested whether mossy fiber stimulation affects CA3 spatial firing differently between familiar and novel environments. We compared spatial firing of CA3 neurons before and after optogenetic stimulation of mossy fibers in freely behaving mice in a familiar and three sets of novel environments. We found that CA3 neurons are more responsive to mossy fiber stimulation in the novel than familiar environments. However, we failed to obtain evidence for long‐lasting effect of mossy fiber stimulation on spatial firing of CA3 neurons in both the familiar and novel environments. Our results provide further evidence against the view that mossy fibers carry teaching signals.
Building a systems thinking prevention workforce
Authors: Bensberg Monica , Allender Steven , Sacks Gary 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIssue addressedHealthy Together Victoria (HTV) was a large‐scale intervention that adopted a systems approach to prevention. It established the capability of an inexperienced workforce by cultivating their understanding of systems theories, tools and practice. This paper explores how this capacity was developed and what helped and hindered the process.MethodsThis qualitative research included 31 primary semi‐structured interviews that focused on participants' understanding of systems thinking. Deductive thematic analysis was undertaken. A workforce development framework informed the coding that was used to create a causal loop diagram.ResultsThe findings display the multiple influencers on capacity‐building. Practice change was enabled with training—although it lacked coordination and participation was limited. Yet, the systems approach was strengthened with governance arrangements, policies, funding, team support and leadership that empowered practitioners to trial systems methods. Capacity‐building was hindered by HTV's unspecified theory that made it harder for novice practitioners to grasp. Funding cuts due to political changes reduced the initiative's duration and prompted resignations, causing the newfound experience to exit the workforce.ConclusionCapacity‐building for systems practice requires a holistic approach of simultaneous, complimentary actions that address the individual and environmental influences of workforce development, especially the drivers of organisational culture that facilitate new practice.So what?Effective training methods should specifically teach skills and knowledge that help practitioners to implement systems thinking. The workforce development requirements of other contributors also need to be considered, in addition to the policies, opportunities and resources that embed practice change.
TRANSDISCIPLINARY INNOVATION IN IRRIGATED SMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA
Authors: Froebrich Jochen , Ludi Eva , Bouarfa Sami , Rollin Dominique , Jovanovic Nebo , Roble Maria , Ajmi Tarek , Albasha Rami , Bah Sékou , Bahri Haithem , Barberá Gonzalo , van Beek Christy , Cheviron Bruno , Chishala Benson , de Clercq Willem , Coulibaly Yacouba , Dicko Mohammed , Diawara Bandiougou , Dolinska Aleksandra , Ducrot Raphaëlle , Erkossa Teklu , Famba Sebastiao , Fissahaye Degol , De Miguel Garcia Angel , Habtu Solomon , Hanafi Salia , Harper Julia , Heesmans Hanneke , Jamin Jean‐Yves , van't Klooster Kees , Mason Nathaniel , Mailhol Jean‐Claude , Marlet Serge , Mekki Insaf , Musvoto Constansia , Mosello Beatrice , Mweetwa Alice , Oates Naomi , Phiri Elijah , Pradeleix Ludivine , Querner Erik , Rozanov Andrei , Ker Rault Philippe , Rougier Jean‐Emmanuel , Shepande Chizumba , Sánchez Reparaz Maite , Tangara Bréhima , De Vente Joris , de Witt Marlene , Xueliang Cai , Zairi Abdelaziz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBoosting the productivity of smallholder farming systems continues to be a major need in Africa. Challenges relating to how to improve irrigation are multi‐factor and multisectoral, and they involve a broad range of actors who must interact to reach decisions collectively. We provide a systematic reflection on findings from the research project EAU4Food, which adopted a transdisciplinary approach to irrigation for food security research in five case studies in Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique, South Africa and Tunisia. The EAU4Food experiences emphasize that actual innovation at irrigated smallholder farm level remains limited without sufficient improvement of the enabling environment and taking note of the wider political economy environment. Most project partners felt at the end of the project that the transdisciplinary approach has indeed enriched the research process by providing different and multiple insights from actors outside the academic field. Local capacity to facilitate transdisciplinary research and engagement with practitioners was developed and could support the continuation and scaling up of the approach. Future projects may benefit from a longer time frame to allow for deeper exchange of lessons learned among different stakeholders and a dedicated effort to analyse possible improvements of the enabling environment from the beginning of the research process. © 2020 The Authors. Irrigation and Drainage published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Commission for Irrigation and Drainage
Dynamic metabolomic analysis of intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Dai Die , Chen Jingchao , Jin Menglu , Zhang Zunjian , Chen Wei‐Hua , Xu Fengguo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IIR) is a life‐threatening abdominal emergency. Compared to traditional steady‐state works, we profiled the blood of rats over 72 hr (15 time points) and examined dynamic changes in molecular pathways during IIR. Using a series of methods designed for dynamic datasets analysis (batch effects corrections, metabolomics data reduction, and different features selection), we identified 39 significant different metabolites and discovered the trends of these molecules. Four main patterns were uncovered by a longitudinal pattern recognition method. Furthermore, pathway networks were explored to uncover the possible mechanisms of IIR. We found that IIR is a complex physiological process involved in multiple pathways, such as biosynthesis of amino acids, 2‐oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, arginine‐related metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. Among which, metabolites related with phenylalanine tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism reached a peak during the early stage of reperfusion, while molecules in biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids metabolism declined. Our work provides a feasible scheme to understand dynamic molecule variation and will provide new explications about the effect of intestinal ischemia reperfusion from a dynamic perspective.
Comparison between high definition FT‐IR, Raman and AFM‐IR for subcellular chemical imaging of cholesteryl esters in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Roman Maciej , Wrobel Tomasz P. , Paluszkiewicz Czeslawa , Kwiatek Wojciech M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe family of vibrational spectroscopic imaging techniques grows every few years and there is a need to compare and contrast new modalities with the better understood ones, especially in the case of demanding biological samples. Three vibrational spectroscopy techniques (high definition Fourier‐transform infrared [FT‐IR], Raman and atomic force microscopy infrared [AFM‐IR]) were applied for subcellular chemical imaging of cholesteryl esters in PC‐3 prostate cancer cells. The techniques were compared and contrasted in terms of image quality, spectral pattern and chemical information. All tested techniques were found to be useful in chemical imaging of cholesterol derivatives in cancer cells. The results obtained from FT‐IR and Raman imaging showed to be comparable, whereas those achieved from AFM‐IR study exhibited higher spectral heterogeneity. It confirms AFM‐IR method as a powerful tool in local chemical imaging of cells at the nanoscale level. Furthermore, due to polarization effect, p‐polarized AFM‐IR spectra showed strong enhancement of lipid bands when compared to FT‐IR.
Ensuring the fit of an evidence‐based curriculum for high‐risk Latina young mothers using implementation science
Authors: Youn Soo Jeong , Aguilar‐Silvan Yesenia , Baldwin Molly , Chablani‐Medley Anisha , Patrick Kaylie A. , Shtasel Derri L. , Marques Luana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConduct a comprehensive needs assessment to evaluate the fit of a Cognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT) curriculum implemented within a community organization and inform possible adaptations to fit the mental health difficulties of high‐risk Latina young mothers. The PRECEDE–PROCEED implementation framework guided the assessment and results. Focus groups were conducted with high‐risk Latina young mothers and staff members to assess the priority mental health problems, environmental stressors and factors contributing and maintaining these difficulties, and existing resources that could be leveraged to address them. Latina young mothers experience a variety of mental health needs and immigration and interpersonal‐related stressors. The organization's existing CBT curriculum was found to be feasible and a good fit for the target population. Proposed minor adaptations included a focus on parenting. Results support the robust effects of CBT interventions, including when delivered by paraprofessionals to a high‐risk population in a low‐resource community setting.
A longitudinal analysis of the completeness of maternal HIV testing, including repeat testing in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: de Beer Shani , Kalk Emma , Kroon Max , Boulle Andrew , Osler Meg , Euvrard Jonathan , Timmerman Venessa , Davies Mary‐Ann 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe virtual elimination of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV cannot be achieved without complete maternal HIV testing. The World Health Organization recommends that women in high HIV prevalent settings repeat HIV testing in the third trimester, and at delivery or directly thereafter. The Western Cape Province (South Africa) prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) guidelines recommend a repeat maternal HIV test between 32 and 34 weeks gestation and at delivery in addition to testing at the first antenatal visit (ideally <20 weeks gestation). There are few published longitudinal studies on the uptake of initial and repeated maternal HIV testing programmes in sub‐Saharan Africa. We aimed to investigate the implementation of initial and repeat maternal HIV testing guidelines in Cape Town, South Africa.MethodsBetween 2013 and 2016 we established an electronic PMTCT register that consolidated routine data from a primary healthcare facility and its secondary and tertiary referral sites in Cape Town. This provided a longitudinal record for each participant, from first antenatal visit to delivery. Utilizing these data, we conducted a retrospective analysis investigating the completeness of maternal HIV testing according to the PMTCT HIV testing guidelines in Cape Town, and predictors of complete testing, from 2014 to 2016.ResultsAmong 8558 enrolled pregnant women, 7213 (84%) were not known to be HIV positive at their first visit and thus eligible for HIV testing; 91% of them received ≥1 HIV test during pregnancy/delivery. Testing at the first visit was 98% among the 85% of women who attended antenatal care. Among women eligible to receive all three recommended HIV tests, only 11% achieved all three tests. Delivery HIV testing completion among all women without an HIV‐positive diagnosis was 23%. HIV prevalence at delivery was 21% and HIV incidence between first visit and delivery in those with ≥2 HIV tests was 0.2%. Women who enrolled after 2014 were more likely to receive the three recommended tests (aOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.81) and retest at delivery (aOR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.39).ConclusionsImplementation of maternal HIV testing in Cape Town improved between 2014 and 2016 but major gaps remain, particularly at delivery.
Have Five Decades of Development Engineering Research Improved Sanitation in Southern Africa?
Authors: Muller Mike 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn developed countries, public health engineering has been closely associated with extensions of life expectancy and declines in infant mortality well beyond the contributions of medicine. However, different approaches have had to be taken in poorer countries. This paper uses cases from South and Southern Africa to illustrate the challenges and the responses and to consider whether these reflect a formal ‘development engineering’ approach. While external agencies have actively promoted a variety of approaches, engineered interventions were most successful where they took account of social, economic and environmental contexts, reflected local preferences and were developed by, or in close coordination with, the operational institutions concerned. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The case of the grass‐eating suids in the Plio‐Pleistocene Turkana Basin: 3D dental topography in relation to diet in extant and fossil pigs
Authors: Rannikko Janina , Adhikari Hari , Karme Aleksis , Žliobaitė Indre , Fortelius Mikael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTwo separate subfamilies of Plio‐Pleistocene African pigs (suids) consecutively evolved hypsodont and horizodont molars with flat occlusal surfaces, commonly interpreted as an adaptive trait to a grazing diet, similar to that of the present warthogs (Phacochoerusspp.). To investigate this in detail, we studied the 3D‐dental topography of fossil specimens from the Turkana Basin, using geographic information systems‐based methods. To establish baselines for interpretation of the Turkana Basin suids, topography of third molars of extant suids with known diets were analyzed: grazing warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), herbivorous mixed‐feeder forest hog (Hylochoerus meinertzhageni), omnivorous generalist wild boar (Sus scrofa), omnivorous fruit and tuber eater bush pig (Potamochoerusspp.), and omnivorous fruit eater babirusa (Babyrousaspp.) In addition, we analyzed supposedly browsing Miocene suids,Listriodonspp. The same topographic measures were applied to Plio‐Pleistocene specimens from the Turkana Basin, Kenya:Notochoerus euilus,Notochoerus scotti,Kolpochoerus heseloni, andMetridiochoerus andrewsi. With some differences between techniques, 3D‐dental topography analysis of extant suid molars mostly predicts the dietary differences between the species correctly. The grazingP.africanusdiffers from both the omnivorous suids and the herbivorous mixed‐feederH.meinertzhageniin all except one metrics. The omnivorous mostly tropical suids,PotamochoerusandBabyrousa, primarily differ from the generalist,S.scrofa, in the orientation patch count analysis, showing higher occlusal complexity in the latter. Although, there might be significant gaps between the morphological changes and the ecological changes, we conclude that based on comparison of dental topography with the present‐day suids,N.scottiandM.andrewsiwere most likely highly specialized grazers, whileN.euilusandK.heseloniretained more of their ancestral, omnivorous heritage, but consumed grasses more than the extant omnivorous suids.Research highlightsDental topography can predict different diets in present‐day wild pigs.The Plio‐Pleistocene pigs in the Turkana Basin had dental topography mostly similar to extant grazing warthog, although some species also had resemblances to omnivorous forest pigs.
Evaluating the Therapeutic Effect of Low‐Intensity Transcranial Ultrasound on Traumatic Brain Injury With Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging
Authors: Zheng Tao , Yuan Yi , Yang Haoxiang , Du Juan , Wu Shuo , Jin Yinglan , Wang Zhanqiu , Liu Defeng , Shi Qinglei , Wang Xiaohan , Liu Lanxiang 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundLow‐intensity transcranial ultrasound (LITUS) has a therapeutic effect on traumatic brain injury (TBI). Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) might be able to evaluate the effect changes of injured brain microstructure.PurposeTo evaluate the therapeutic effect of LITUS in a moderate TBI rat model with DKI parameters.Study TypeProspective case–control animal study.Animal ModelForty‐five rats were randomly divided into sham control, TBI, and LITUS treatment groups (n = 15).Field Strength/SequenceSingle‐shot spin echo echo‐planar imaging and fast T2WI sequences at 3.0T.AssessmentDKI parameters were obtained on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 after TBI.Statistical TestsFor the mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (Ka), and radial kurtosis (Kr) values, groups were compared using a two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsLITUS inhibited TBI and caused MK values to increase significantly during the early stage (LITUS vs. TBI, day 7, adjusted P < 0.0001) and decrease during the late stage (LITUS vs. TBI, day 42, adjusted P = 0.0156) in the damaged cortex. In the thalamus, the MK value of the TBI group began to rise on day 7, with no change observed in the LITUS group. TBI increases Ka value during the early stage in the cortex and decreases during the late stage in the cortex and thalamus. LITUS inhibited these Ka changes (LITUS vs. TBI, day 7, adjusted P = 0.0014; LITUS vs. TBI, day 42, adjusted P = 0.0026 and 0.0478, respectively, for cortex and thalamus). The Kr value increased slightly during the early stage in the cortex (TBI vs. Sham, day 1, adjusted P = 0.0016).Data ConclusionThe DKI parameter, particularly the MK value, evaluates primary cortical injury as well as the secondary brain injury that could not be detected by conventional T2WI.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage: 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:520–531.