bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and optimization of the demineralization process for the extraction of chitin from Omani Portunidae segnis
Authors: Shaqsi Noura Hamed Khalifa Al , Hoqani Horiya Ali Said Al Hoqani Al , Hossain Md. Amzad , Sibani Mohammed Abdullah Al 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Chitin is an organic polymer and it is rich marine natural polysaccharide after the cellulose. The main natural sources of chitin are exoskeletons of insects, mollusks, the cell walls of certain fungi and crustaceans such as crabs, shrimps and lobsters. The waste of these marine exoskeletons are pollutant for the environment continuously, but this raw material could be used for the production of commercial chitin. The chitin is an important raw material used for water treatment, agricultural, biomedicinal, biotechnological purposes, food and paper industry and cosmetics. Based on the variety of importance, the present targets of this study is to i. optimize the demineralization process for the removal of calcium and phosphorus from the waste of Portunidae segnis (P. segnis) by using acid at ambient temperature ii. characterize the isolated demineralized sample as well as the percentage of remaining calcium and phosphorus by using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results: The coarse powder samples of P. segnis were demineralized with seven different concentrations of hydrochloric acid at ambient temperature for 1 hour. All the demineralization samples at different concentrations were analysed by using sensitive ICP-OES. The results based on ICP-OES showed that among the seven different concentrations wused in the demineralization process for the isolation of chitin, the best was 2M of HCl concentration for the production of chitin. Conclusion: The develop optimized demineralization process could be used commercially for the isolation of chitin for the preparation of agriculture, biomedicine, biotechnological purposes.
Predictive value of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio for the estimation of diabetes mellitus risk: Insights from a general population
Authors: Qian Hao , Wang Haoyu , Du Zhi , Guo Xiaofan , Zheng Liqiang , Li Zhao , Yang Hongmei , Yu Shasha , Zhou Ying , Sun Yingxian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMonocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) is a novel inflammatory marker of inflammation and oxidative stress and has been used to predict multiple inflammation-related diseases, but data relative to diabetes mellitus are lacking. Hence, our study aimed to explore the impact of MHR on diabetes and its value to improve the risk stratification and prevention of diabetes in a large cohort of general Chinese population.MethodThis study selected 8142 (males: 45.76%) participants who participated in the rural cardiovascular health research in Northeast China between 2012 and 2013. MHR was defined as blood monocyte count ratio to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrationResultsThe prevalence of diabetes is 10.7%. By correcting for potential confounding factors, per SD increase of MHR caused a 11.2% additional risk for diabetes, in addition, the top quartile of MHR increased the risk of diabetes by 33.1% over the bottom quartile.Furthermore, smooth curve fitting showed a linear and strong correlation between MHR and diabetes. Finally, Category-free net reclassification improvement (0.085, 95% CI: 8 0.016-0.155, P = 0.016) and integrated discrimination improvement (0.001, 95% CI: 0.000-0.0024, P = 0.018) also demonstrated significant improvementsConclusionsOur study revealed an independent and robust correlation between MHR and prevalent diabetes mellitus in general population. Furthermore, our results suggest the importance of simultaneous inflammation and lipids control in the prevention of diabetes mellitus, highlighting the value of MHR to optimize the risk stratification and prevention of diabetes mellitus. These findings have implications for the prevention of diabetes and its adverse outcomes.
Parental willing to take invasive diagnosis after Expanded Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (expanded NIPT) in a cohort of 24768 cases
Authors: Ge Yunsheng , Li Jia , Zhuang Jianlong , Zhang Jian , Huang Yanru , Tan Meihua , Li Wei , Sung Pi-lin , Chen Jiayan , Zhou Yulin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe main aims of the study were to investigate the performance of expanded noninvasive prenatal test (expanded NIPT) in screening for common trisomies, sex chromosomal aneuploidies (SCAs), rare autosomal aneuploidies (RATs) and copy number variations (CNVs) and parental willing to taking invasive prenatal diagnosis after expanded NIPT in China.ResultsOf the 24,736 cases, successful follow-up was conducted in 92.2% (411/446) cases. The sensitivity of expanded NIPT test was 98.61%,90.91% and 100% and specificity was 99.91%,99.95% and 99.87% for the detection of trisomies 21, 18 and 13 respectively. Expanded NIPT detected 45, XO, 47, XXX, 47, XXY, XYY syndrome, RATs and CNVs with positive predictive values of 57.39%, 19.61%, 75%, 79.41%, 77.78%, 10% and 56.25% respectively. The women carrying fetuses with T21/T18/T13 underwent invasive prenatal diagnosis and terminated their pregnancies at higher rates than those positive for SCAs, RATs and CNVs.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that the expanded NIPT detects fetal trisomies 21,18 and 13 with high sensitivity and specificity. The accuracy of detecting SCAs, RATs and CNVs is still relatively poor and needed to be improved. With a positive expanded NIPT result, the women at high risk for common trisomies are more willing to take invasive prenatal diagnosis and terminate their pregnancies.* the first two authors contribute equally to this study.
Application of Machine Learning Methods in Nursing Home Research: Using Fall-Related Data in Nursing Homes
Authors: Lee Soo-Kyoung , Ahn Jinhyun , shin juh hyun , Lee Ji Yeon 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: To compare machine learning (ML) methods beyond traditional regression analysis using a real dataset on nurse staffing and falls in nursing homes.Methods: We used a total of 6 ML algorithms to compare the superiority of ML over traditional regression methods. We applied three representative ML algorithms—random forest (RF), logistics regression, support vector machine (SVM): linear, polynomial, radial, and sigmoid—to the preprocessed dataset to develop a prediction model (N = 60). We used an accuracy measure to evaluate prediction models.Results: RF was the most accurate model (0.883), followed by the logistic regression model (0.867). Using RF procedures, we identified a total of 6 variables as predictors of falls including hours per resident day of administrative staff, proportion of nursing home residents with psychiatric medications, aggressive behaviors and cognitive dysfunction, urinary incontinence, current number of residents in each nursing home, and the maximum capacity of each nursing home.Conclusions: The appropriate choice of prediction model is quite challenging for nursing researchers. For effective fall management, researchers should consider organizational characteristics as well as personal factors. The examination of related factors on falls is quite meaningful in that preventing falls contributes to improving the quality of life and care of residents and decreases health care costs.
Frailty Index in the Colonias of the Rio Grande Valley: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Manusov Eron Grant , Ziegler Carolina Gomez de , Diego Vincent P , Monaco Gerardo Munoz , Blanger Sarah Williams , Fernandez Francisco 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives The Frailty index (FI) calculates frailty as the sum of health deficits divided by the total number of variables and reflects biopsychosocial and cultural determinants of well-being. A Colonia is a predominantly Hispanic, economically distressed, unincorporated neighborhood and varies in resources according to geographic location and contributors to social determinants of health. We report baseline Frailty Index data from two Colonias in South Texas. This information serves as a starting point for further investigation into frailty in Hispanic immigrants in South Texas Results FI against age separately in males (n=272) and females (n-622) was regressed. Females had a significantly higher starting frailty and males had a significantly greater rate of change with age. FI against age for two Colonias was regressed. We calculated a significantly higher starting FI in Indian Hills Colonia and a significantly greater rate of change with age in residents in Cameron Park Colonia
Survey on the Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among Tibetans at High-altitude in China Ngawa
Authors: Li Tingxin , Dan Lifeng , Guo Jing , Sanlang Pengcuo , Wang Lin , Wang Jinhong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background:

The prevalence of hypertension in China increased recent years. There are some surveys reported the hypertension status in different regions in China. However, little data revealed the epidemic status of hypertension among Tibetans at high altitude area in Ngawa. In this study, we explored the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in this special population.
Methods:

The cross-sectional analysis data was collected from 2228 Tibetan residents in seven high-altitude areas of Ngawa from September 2018 to June 2019, using a stage cluster sampling method. All participants were measured their blood pressure by trained physicians and have completed the questionnaire in the local hospital and health clinics. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and /or diastolic blood pressure(DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg according to standards in China.
Results:

The prevalence rate of hypertension was 24.6% in this area, which was similar to previous survey results the general population in China (23.2%). The awareness rate (32.3%), treatment rate (21.7%), and control rate (6.2%) of hypertension in high altitudes were lower than in the plain area in China. Compared to the 2015 Sichuan rural survey, the awareness rate increased (32.3% vs 24.6%), but the treatment rate (21.7% vs 24.7%) and the control rate (6.2% vs 14.7%) remained low.
Conclusions:

From the results, we can come to a conclusion that the rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension remain unexpected low in Tibetans, especially in female Tibetan at high altitude area of Ngawa. The related factors may include poor medical conditions, economic underdevelopment and traditional Tibetan customs. We hope to add some Tibetan data to the clinical epidemiology database of hypertension and hope the study can be used for future research.
Factors Associated With Undernutrition Among 20 to 49 Year Old Women in Uganda: A Secondary Analysis of the Uganda Demographic Health Survey 2016
Authors: Sserwanja Quraish , Mukunya David , Habumugisha Theogene , Mutisya Linet M. , Tuke Robert , Olal Emmanuel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Women are at risk of undernutrition due to biological, socio-economic, and cultural factors. Undernourished women have higher risk of poor obstetric outcomes. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition among women of reproductive age in Uganda.Methods We used Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) 2016 data of 4,640 women aged 20 to 49 years excluding pregnant and post-menopausal women. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select study participants and data were collected using validated questionnaires. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with underweight and stunting among 20 to 49 year old women in Uganda.Results The prevalence of underweight and stunting were 6.9% (n = 4640) and 1.3% (n = 4640) respectively. Women who belonged to the poorest wealth quintile (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 3.60, 95% CI 1.85–7.00) were more likely to be underweight compared to those who belonged to the richest wealth quintile. Women residing in rural areas were less likely to be underweight (AOR 0.63, 95%CI 0.41–0.96) compared to women in urban areas. Women in Western (AOR 0.30, 95% CI 0.20–0.44), Eastern (AOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.28–0.63) and Central regions (AOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.25–0.72) were less likely to be underweight compared to those in the Northern region. Women belonging to Central (AOR 4.37, 95% CI 1.44–13.20) and Western (AOR 4.77, 95% CI 1.28–17.78) regions were more likely to be stunted compared to those in the Northern region.Conclusion The present study showed wealth index, place of residence and region to be associated with undernutrition among 20 to 49 year old women in Uganda. There is need to address socio-economic determinants of maternal undernutrition mainly poverty and regional inequalities.
Mandated Actions, Legitimate Role-Bearers and Expected Actor Networks in the Management of Infectious Disease Epidemics: The Case of Marburg Virus Disease in Uganda.
Authors: Ssendagire Steven , Tuhebwe Doreen , Babirye Susan , Nuwematsiko Rebecca , Tusubira Andrew K. , Kayiwa Joshua , Ssennyonjo Aloysius , Makumbi Issa , Ssengooba Freddie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background In many Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, epidemic management is characterized with inaction, confusion and friction among a multitude of participating organizations. This is partially attributable to the inability to customize international epidemic management actions and guidelines to local institutional architecture, agencies and relational contexts. This results into poor coordination and suboptimal epidemic management outcomes. Using the case of Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) in Uganda, we explored how to clarify responsibility and collaboration across a multitude of inter-dependent actions and actors during epidemic management. Methods In July 2018, we reviewed MVD management literature and documents to identify key expected actions and actors/agencies. Data was summarized by phase and action area of MVD management. In March 2019, a 2-round Delphi survey was then undertaken to; 1) validate the identified actions and 2) assign legitimate role-bearers to each of the validated actions. We used NetDraw in UCINet to elaborate the expected network structure among legitimate role-bearers across all the phases and four selected action areas. Results We validated 304 mandated actions and 79 legitimate role-bearers in MVD management in Uganda. Across the four phases and selected action areas of MVD management, there is a high variation in the identity and number of mandated role bearers. Overall, Ministry of Health headquarters (MoH-HQs), National Task Force (NTF), District task Force (DTF) and National Rapid Response Team (NRRT) are expected to be the most central agencies during MVD management. Across the four phases and the selected action areas, actors are expected to be networked using a core-periphery network structure.Conclusions There is a multitude of agencies required to work inter-dependently to accomplish the mandated actions for MVD management in Uganda. MoH-HQs, NTF and DTF are most central in the Ugandan context. It is imperative to build/maintain the information processing, decision making and command and control capacity of these central agencies. The study findings can be used as the basis for exploring compliance and deviation in mandated actions in future MVD epidemics. The methodological approach could be replicated to other infectious disease epidemics in Uganda and beyond.
Plasma distribution of non-cholesterol sterols precursors of cholesterol synthesis and phytosterols depend on HDL concentration
Authors: Nunes Valeria Sutti , Silva Eliton Juniro , Ferreira Guilherme Silva , Assis Sayonara Ivana Santos , Zago Vanessa Helena de Souza , Cazita Patrícia Miralda , Nakandakare Edna Regina , Faria Eliana Cota , Quintão Eder Carlos Rocha 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Because several sterols are carried by serum lipoproteins that are pivotal in cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis this study aimed at investigating their lipoprotein distribution in individuals differing according to HDL-C plasma levels.
Methods

Healthy participants were selected with plasma HDL-C concentrations < 40 mg/dL (Low HDL, n = 12), above 40 mg/dL and below 60 mg/dL (Controls, n = 10), or above 60 mg/dL (High HDL, n = 15). Plasma lipoproteins were separated by sequential ultracentrifugation. [27-OHC]), noncholesterol sterols precursors of cholesterol synthesis (NCSPCS: desmosterol and lathosterol) and phytosterols (campesterol and sitosterol) were measured by GC-MS analysis. Diferences between groups were compared by Kruskall-walys and Dunn's post-test with correction by Bonferroni.
Results

The groups were similar in about BMI, age, gender distribution and blood glucose, total cholesterol and LDL-C. The High HDL group had lower concentrations of triglycerides and VLDL-C compared to others. Percentage distribution of plasma 24-OHC and 27-OHC in lipoproteins did not differ among investigated groups, but plasma concentration of 24-OHC was lower in High HDL than in Low HDL (27- OHC significance difference was borderline). NCSPCS and phytosterols predominate in LDL, which carries approximately 50% of these molecules. Approximately 30% of desmosterol and lathosterol are present in HDL, the High HDL group carrying higher percent of both sterols than the Low HDL and Control groups. Less than 20% of NCSPCS are transported in VLDL. Concentration of plasma campesterol and sitosterol did not differ among groups. However, LDL sitosterol percent distribution is lower in High HDL than in Low HDL and Controls. Campesterol and sitosterol percent distributions are higher in High HDL than in the Low HDL group.
Conclusions

Elevated NCSPCS in the High HDL group suggests HDL facilitates the export of these sterols from cells but not the export of the cholesterol metabolite 24-OHC which is lower in the High HDL than in the Low HDL group. Percent campesterol and sitosterol elevated in HDL suggests phytosterols absorbed in the enterocytes are incorporated mostly into the nascent HDL.
Determinants of Severe Acute Malnutrition Among Under 5 Children in Satar Community of Jhapa, Nepal
Authors: Dahal Kajol , Yadav Deepak Kumar , Baral Dharanidhar , Yadav Birendra Kumar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Severe acute malnutrition is the most extreme and visible form of undernutrition plagued by chronic poverty, household food insecurity, lack of education. One of the indigenous and marginalized community of Nepal, Satar/Santhal has often been neglected and is devoid of good education and are economically deprived. This predisposes under 5 children of Satar into malnutrition. The study aims to assess determinants of SAM among children under 5 years of age in Satar community of Jhapa district, Nepal. Material & Methods: A community based matched case control study was carried from September 2019 to February 2020 among under five children of Satar community residing in Jhapa district. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select 50 cases and 100 controls in the ratio of 1:2. Information was collected through personal interview with the parents and anthropometric measurement of the children was measured. Bivariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis was to explore the determinants of severe acute malnutrition. Results: A total of 664 children between the age group of 6 – 59 months were screened for SAM. The prevalence of SAM was found 7.53%. Factors like, low economic status, birth interval less than 2 years, frequency of breast feeding <8 times/day and household food insecurity were found to be significant determinants of SAM. Multivariate logistic regression documented low economic status (AOR: 11.14, 95% CI 1.42 to 87.46); and frequency of breast feeding <8 times/day (AOR: 2.09, 95% CI 1.00 to 4.37) as determinants of SAM. Conclusion: Low economic status and frequency of breast feeding less than 8times/day were major determinants of SAM among children under 5yrs of age. Ending malnutrition will require greater efforts and integrated approaches to eradicate extreme poverty. Multi-sector approaches have been conducting for SAM in Nepal but there are no specific approaches for marginalized community.
Attitude and Its’ associated factors towards Mental Illness Among Residents of Mertule Mariam Town, Northern Ethiopia: Mixed Method
Authors: Yeshanew Berhanu , Yohannis Zegeye , Shumet Shegaye , Abebaw Dessie , Belete Asmare 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Mental illness affects cognition, emotion, and behavior of an individual. It accounts for 13% of the global burden of diseases. About 76% and 85% of people in low and middle-income countries with severe mental illness did not receive treatment due to fear of expected discrimination and stigma to diagnosed people with mental illness. There are no published works on the attitude of the community in this study area. This study aimed to assess the attitude and its’ predictors towards mental illness among residents of Mertule Mariam town, Ethiopia 2017. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2017. Data were collected from 964 participants using Community Attitude to Mental Illness Inventory (CAMI). Data were entered using epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify the associated factors to attitude. Result: The response rate was 98.2% with the sex distribution of 58.5% (554) males. The attitudes of the community were more authoritarian (52.8%), less benevolent (52.3%), more socially restrictive (38.8%) and positive to mental health service (59.2%). Age [AOR=2.50, CI 1.56-4.23, P-value= 0.001], educational level, occupational status, getting information about mental illness, and knowing someone who has mental illness have been significantly associated to authoritarianism. Age (18-24) [AOR=3.08(1.5-6.3) p-value=0.002], educational status, occupational status and getting information about mental illness were the significant variables for benevolence subscale. Age, marital status, getting information about mental illness [AOR=0.02, CI 0.05-0.75, P-value <0.05], sources of information were significant variables for social restrictiveness subscale. Marital status, occupational status, history of mental illness, relationship with mentally ill, and involved in caring for mentally ill [1.85(1.28-2.65)**] were significantly associated factors for community mental health ideology. Conclusion and recommendation: The findings of this study showed that the attitude of residents of Mertule Mariam town was more authoritarian (undermining), less benevolent, less socially restrictive (less socially avoidant) and more positive for mental health service. The positive attitude of the participant was associated with getting information about mental illness. Using mass media and health institutions to disseminate information about mental health is essential to improve the attitude of the community.