bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of low‐input turfgrass from seed with patch and repair mixtures: Mulch and starter fertilizer effects
Authors: Braun Ross C. , Patton Aaron J. , Braithwaite Emily T. , Kowalewski Alexander R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHomeowners typically use commercial “patch and repair” products to seed bare or damaged lawn areas in the spring. Commercial products typically contain inert matter, fertilizer, and turfgrass seed, which is dominated by perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; syn. Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.] mixtures, with a few fine fescues (Festuca spp.). Our objective was to assess the establishment potential of low‐cost patch and repair ingredients in the spring that include low‐input fine fescues. Field experiments were initiated in Indiana and Oregon in April 2019 to investigate seven mulch ingredient treatments and two starter fertilizer treatments. All treatments included the same fine fescue seed mixture. All mulch ingredients, including the untreated (no mulch) control, eventually reached a similar turf cover; however, the rate of establishment was influenced by the mulch ingredient. Conversely, starter fertilizer had a minimal impact on the establishment rates but increased final turf cover. Compost‐derived mulch consistently resulted in faster turf establishment, which was generally ≥6 d sooner than other mulch options, with the exception of potting soil, no mulch, and, at times, topsoil, which may provide similar results. The results indicate if the newly seeded area is adequately irrigated, then neither mulch ingredient nor starter fertilizer may be necessary, thus providing more financial savings for consumers. The results also indicate there are multiple financially feasible options for homemade patch and repair ingredients for homeowners and lawn professionals to use in the establishment of low‐input turfgrasses from seed.
Magnetoplasmon Resonances in Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Potential for a New Information Technology Platform
Authors: Yin Penghui , Radovanovic Pavle V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInteraction between light and plasmon oscillations in semiconductor nanocrystals has received significant attention in recent years driven, in part, by the possibility of coupling between plasmonic and semiconducting properties. Such coupling could lead to a variety of new applications in plasmonics, photonics, and optoelectronics. In this Concept we discuss the methods for generation of localized surface plasmon resonances in colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals and their unique magneto‐optical properties. Different means of introducing free charge carriers, including aliovalent doping, non‐stoichiometry, and external charging, are first compared and contrasted. The resulting plasmons can be manipulated using circularly polarized light and external magnetic field, allowing for the formation of the magnetoplasmon modes. The concept of using these magnetoplasmon modes as a new degree of freedom for controlling excitonic states and charge‐carrier polarization is introduced and discussed. We also highlight some notable recent examples of controlling plasmon–exciton interactions and comment on their implications for future research in sustainable information technology.
Four‐phase interleaved DC–DC step‐down converter using coupled inductor for high power application
Authors: Berrehil El Kattel Menaouar , Mayer Robson , Vidal Garcia Oliveira Sérgio , de Jesus Cardoso Filho Braz 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe objective of this manuscript is to analyze and design a new interleaved dc–dc buck‐type converter based on the conventional interleaved topologies. The proposed converter consists of small size filters, few component numbers, and low current and voltage ripple compared with interleaved dc–dc converter family. Furthermore, detailed comparisons are made concerning the operating mode, the component numbers, dc voltage gain, voltage stresses, output inductor current ripple, rated power, and efficiency. The presented converter might replace the conventional dc–dc step‐down voltage converter stage of poor power quality and low energy density, such as the one used in high power ac–dc battery chargers and dc sources, among others. Experimental results conducted on a 4.8‐kW laboratory prototype are presented to validate the theoretical study and prove the effectiveness of the proposed topology. The maximum efficiency level reaches 97.2% at rated power.
Latitudinal trend in the reproductive mode of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum invading a wide climatic range
Authors: Martel Sebastián I. , Ossa Carmen G. , Simon Jean‐Christophe , Figueroa Christian C. , Bozinovic Francisco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe maintenance of sexuality is a puzzling phenomenon in evolutionary biology. Many universal hypotheses have been proposed to explain the prevalence of sex despite its costs, but it has been hypothesized that sex could be also retained by lineage‐specific mechanisms that would confer some short‐term advantage. Aphids are good models to study the maintenance of sex because they exhibit coexistence of both sexual and asexual populations within the same species and because they invade a large variety of ecosystems. Sex in aphids is thought to be maintained because only sexually produced eggs can persist in cold climates, but whether sex is obligate or facultative depending on climatic conditions remains to be elucidated. In this study, we have inferred the reproductive mode of introduced populations of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum in Chile along a climatic gradient using phenotypic assays and genetic‐based criteria to test the ecological short‐term advantage of sex in cold environments. Our results showed a latitudinal trend in the reproductive mode of Chilean pea aphid population from obligate parthenogenesis in the north to an intermediate life cycle producing both parthenogenetic and sexual progeny in the southernmost locality, where harsh winters are usual. These findings are congruent with the hypothesis of the ecological short‐term advantage of sex in aphids.
Asymmetric effects of grazing intensity on macroelements and microelements in grassland soil and plants in Inner Mongolia Grazing alters nutrient dynamics of grasslands
Authors: Hou Dongjie , Guo Ke , Liu Changcheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGrazing is a traditional grassland management technique and greatly alters ecosystem nutrient cycling. The effects of grazing intensity on the nutrient dynamics of soil and plants in grassland ecosystems remain uncertain, especially among microelements. A 2‐year field grazing experiment was conducted in a typical grassland with four grazing intensities (ungrazed control, light, moderate, and heavy grazing) in Inner Mongolia, China. Nutrient concentration was assessed in soil and three dominant plant species (Stipa krylovii, Leymus chinensis, and Cleistogenes squarrosa). Assessed quantities included four macroelements (carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg)) and four microelements (copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn)). Soil total C, total N, total P, available N, and available P concentrations significantly increased with grazing intensity but soil Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn concentrations had no significant response. Plant C concentration decreased but plant N, P, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations significantly increased with grazing intensity. In soil, macroelement dynamics (i.e., C, N, and P) exhibited higher sensitivity with grazing intensity, conversely in plants, microelements were more sensitive. This result indicates macroelements and microelements in soil and plants had asymmetric responses with grazing intensity. The slopes of nutrient linear regression in C. squarrosa were higher than that of S. krylovii and L. chinensis, indicating that C. squarrosa had higher nutrient acquisition capacity and responded more rapidly to heavy grazing. These findings indicate that short‐term heavy grazing accelerates nutrient cycling of the soil–plant system in grassland ecosystems, elucidate the multiple nutrient dynamics of soil and plants with grazing intensity, and emphasize the important function of microelements in plant adaptation in grazing management.
Numerical modeling and assessment of human exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields used for wireless communication system installed on a smart meter
Authors: Shiina Takeo , Yamazaki Kenichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe assessed human exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields used for a wireless communication system installed on a smart meter for communication in the 920 MHz band. In an exposure guideline, the specific absorption rate (SAR) is used as a measure of the thermal effects of human exposure to electromagnetic fields. Although the low‐power wireless communication device used for the smart meter inherently complies with the exposure guideline, the assessment of the RF electromagnetic field exposure is useful to deepen our understanding of human safety. For the exposure assessment, first, a computational smart meter model was constructed and validated by comparison with the measured data of electric fields around an actual smart meter. Using the computational smart meter model, we calculated the SAR in the head of an anatomical human model that was located very close to the smart meter. The maximum SAR in the head was obtained when the antenna was placed in front of a human eye, which was calculated to be 10.3 mW/kg for an input power of 20 mW. It was shown that the maximum SAR was 200 times smaller than the basic restriction level in the exposure guideline.
Pity for economically disadvantaged groups motivates donation and ally collective action intentions
Authors: Lantos Nóra Anna , Kende Anna , Becker Julia C. , McGarty Craig 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe argue that pity can motivate collective action intentions toward groups that are both politically and economically deprived. We tested this connection in four online surveys and an experiment. In Study 1 (N = 1,007), pity for the Roma in Hungary predicted collective action intentions, which was replicated in Study 2 in connection with refugees in Germany (N = 191) and in Hungary (N = 563). Study 3 (N = 475) demonstrated that for not economically but politically disadvantaged groups (e.g., sexual minorities), pity was not a predictor of ally action. In an experiment (Study 4, N = 447), pity was just as strong a predictor of collective action intentions as outrage on behalf of an economically and politically disadvantaged outgroup. Pity can be a mobilizing emotion when it comes to groups that are both economically and politically disadvantaged; however, outrage remains more important in the absence of economic hardship.
High thermal energy storage and thermal conductivity of few‐layer graphene platelets loaded phase change materials: A thermally conductive additive for thermal energy harvesting
Authors: Padya Balaji , Ravikiran N. , Kali Ravi , Narasaiah N. , Jain P. K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract3D‐structured graphite efficiently converted into 2D‐structured few‐layer graphene platelets (FGP) through sequentially controlled top‐down approach by adopting 2‐stage exfoliation. A process of solvent‐phase exfoliation with turbulence energy cascade‐dominated complex fluid dynamics‐assisted vertical diffusion was deployed to agitate the particle to disperse them in a solvent with turbulence to delaminate the layered‐material into thin sheet‐like structured FGP consist of 3 to 10 layers. The underlying critical mechanism involved in fragmentation and delamination to FGP was proposed. The enhancement in thermal conductivity of FGP loaded myristic acid found to be around 32.14%, 171.42% and 383.5% for 1, 3 and 5 wt% of FGP, respectively. Thermal conductivity of phase change materials composites increased with increase in FGP loading and decreased with increase in temperature. A phenomenon of a decrease in latent heat and phase transition temperature with increase in FGP loading was observed.
Quantum Yield for the Aqueous Photochemical Degradation of Chlorantraniliprole and Simulation of Its Environmental Fate in a Model California Rice Field
Authors: Redman Zachary C. , Anastasio Cort , Tjeerdema Ronald S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The photochemical degradation of chlorantraniliprole (3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridine-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; CAP) was characterized under simulated solar light with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (2NB) actinometry. Overall, aqueous CAP degraded quickly via direct photodegradation with no significant difference observed between high-purity water and filtered rice field water. The 24-h average half-life normalized to summer sunlight using 2NB was 34.5 ± 4.0 h (jCAP,env = 0.020 ± 0.0023 h−1, n = 3), and the calculated apparent quantum yield in simulated sunlight was 0.0099 ± 0.00060. These new values were used—alongside previously characterized data for air/and soil/water partitioning, degradation in soil, and hydrolysis—in the Pesticides in Flooded Applications Model to simulate CAP dissipation in a model California (USA) rice field. The model estimates an environmental half-life of 26 d in the aqueous phase, but the bulk of applied CAP remains in the benthic zone and degrades, with estimated half-lives of 29 and 92 d in flooded and drained fields, respectively. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1929–1935. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
The photochemical quantum yield for chlorantraniliprole (CAP) was determined and direct photolysis was identified as a major dissipation pathway for the insecticide from aqueous environments.
Statistical considerations for the analysis of massively parallel reporter assays data
Authors: Qiao Dandi , Zigler Corwin M. , Cho Michael H. , Silverman Edwin K. , Zhou Xiaobo , Castaldi Peter J. , Laird Nan H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNoncoding DNA contains gene regulatory elements that alter gene expression, and the function of these elements can be modified by genetic variation. Massively parallel reporter assays (MPRA) enable high‐throughput identification and characterization of functional genetic variants, but the statistical methods to identify allelic effects in MPRA data have not been fully developed. In this study, we demonstrate how the baseline allelic imbalance in MPRA libraries can produce biased results, and we propose a novel, nonparametric, adaptive testing method that is robust to this bias. We compare the performance of this method with other commonly used methods, and we demonstrate that our novel adaptive method controls Type I error in a wide range of scenarios while maintaining excellent power. We have implemented these tests along with routines for simulating MPRA data in the Analysis Toolset for MPRA (@MPRA), an R package for the design and analyses of MPRA experiments. It is publicly available at http://github.com/redaq/atMPRA.
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma: Institutional trend toward induction chemotherapy followed by definitive chemoradiation
Authors: London Nyall R. , Mohyeldin Ahmed , Daoud Georges , Gamez Mauricio E. , Blakaj Dukagjin , Bonomi Marcelo , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent reports have investigated the nascent role of induction chemotherapy for sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC). The goal of this study was to ascertain trends in treatment pattern changes for SNUC at a single institution and design a treatment algorithm utilized at our institution.MethodsRetrospective chart analysis of 21 cases of SNUC from 2010 to 2018.ResultsOf 21 patients in this cohort, 18 (85.7%) presented with T4 disease, 7 (33.3%) presented with nodal disease, and 3 (14.3%) presented with distant metastasis. Since 2016, patients have been managed by induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation. To this point, patients treated with TPF induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation show no evidence of disease; however, the average follow up time is 16.8 months.ConclusionsThe multimodality treatment for SNUC continues to evolve, as highlighted by this study, toward increased use of induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy.
Evaluating the Application of Decision Analysis Methods in Simulated Alternatives Assessment Case Studies: Potential Benefits and Challenges of Using MCDA
Authors: Beaudrie Christian , Corbett Charles J , Lewandowski Thomas A , Malloy Timothy , Zhou Xiaoying 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We compare how several forms of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) can enhance the practice of alternatives assessment (AA). We report on a workshop in which 12 practitioners from US corporations, government agencies, NGOs, and consulting organizations applied different MCDA techniques to 3 AA case studies to understand how they improved the decision process. Participants were asked to select a preferred alternative in each case using a different decision analysis approach: their unaided decision-making method, individual or lightly facilitated group multiattribute value theory (MAVT), and more extensively facilitated group structured decision making (SDM). Surveys conducted after each exercise revealed that participants were positive toward the use of formal decision-making methods for AA, reporting meaningful increases in their understanding of the trade-offs involved and their own values. Participants also reported challenges with each approach. While the MCDA techniques were reported to enhance transparency and communication, they did not consistently lead to higher satisfaction with a decision and/or outcome, and they were not more likely to be adopted within their organizations than unaided approaches. More formal decision-making methods have promise in the context of AA, but practitioners will need more guidance to use such tools successfully. Practitioners will also need to define what “success” constitutes; different approaches may be called for depending on whether the objective is increased understanding, satisfaction with the outcome, satisfaction with the process, or something else. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:27–41. © 2020 SETAC
KEY POINTS
The research evaluates the use of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) in simulated alternatives assessment scenarios. The results reveal a range of unaided decision approaches used by experts in chemical assessment and product design. Participants found MCDA approaches enhanced their understanding of key trade-offs and critical information presented by the scenarios. Participants concluded, however, that their institutions would likely be reluctant to use MCDA approaches.
Prevalence of sexual dysfunction among prenatal women attending the Greater Accra Regional Hospital, Ghana
Authors: Maya Ernest T. , Boamah Martin O. , Agyabeng Kofi , Srofenyoh Emmanuel , Mumuni Kareem , Samba Ali 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and types of sexual dysfunction in pregnancy.MethodsA cross‐sectional facility‐based descriptive study among pregnant women attending the prenatal clinic of the Greater Accra Regional Hospital, a large tertiary health facility in Accra, Ghana, from May to June 2018. The inclusion criteria were 18 years or older, singleton pregnancy of 8 gestational weeks or more, and residing with their partner for at least 4 weeks before the study. Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted among consecutively enrolled women by using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) tool.ResultsOverall, 425 women were enrolled. The mean age was 30.8 ± 4.8 years. The mean gestational age was 32.3 ± 7.1weeks (range 9.7–42.0 weeks). The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in pregnancy was 64.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 60.3%–69.4%) but only 32 (7.5%) women self‐reported sexual problems. The predominant types of sexual disorder were desire disorder (377 [88.7%; 95% CI, 85.3%–91.4%] women) and arousal disorder (320 [75.3%; 95% CI, 71.0%–79.2%]).ConclusionSexual dysfunction in pregnancy was found to be common, but most pregnant women were not aware that they had it.
Expanding Conceptions of Modeling Writing to Leverage Student Voices
Authors: Alston Chandra L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis department explores the concept of disciplinary literacy—the conceptual understandings and ways of reading, thinking, and writing involved in critiquing and constructing knowledge in a discipline—and its intersections with aspects of culturally sustaining pedagogy. Columns highlight high‐quality disciplinary literacy learning opportunities across subject areas that engage students in critically examining the world around them, interrogating accepted knowledge, contributing their own perspectives to shape that knowledge, and sustaining and developing the literacies needed to do this work.
Engaging in Disciplinary Literacy Instruction: A Review of Read, Write, Inquire: Disciplinary Literacy in Grades 6–12
Authors: Brock Cynthia , Zygouris‐Coe Vassiliki (Vicky) , Welsh Kate , Kniss Kate , Hayden Andrea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis forum reviews a mix of resources to inform pedagogy and related educational practices that foreground representations of youth and their literacy practices within and outside of school.
Digital Citizenship During a Global Pandemic: Moving Beyond Digital Literacy
Authors: Buchholz Beth A. , DeHart Jason , Moorman Gary 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this commentary, the authors move beyond digital literacy and take up the question of what digital citizenship means and looks like in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. To engage with questions of ethical practice, the authors begin with the International Society for Technology in Education framework for digital citizenship. They expand on these standards to argue for an awareness of the ethical questions facing citizens online that are difficult to encompass as a set of skills or competencies. The authors then take these considerations into a set of practical steps for teachers to nurture participatory and social justice–oriented digital citizenship as part of the curriculum. The authors conclude by noting the digital divide and social inequities that have been highlighted by the current crisis.