bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using power, mental model, and learning to analyze the evolution of water governance in Bangalore
Authors: Nath Sanchayan , van Laerhoven Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOver the last few decades processes of water governance have been characterized by a gradual evolution from “governance by unitary state” to “governance by partnerships.” However, there is limited understanding of how such shifts take place. The case of Bangalore's lakes is an interesting example of such a transition. In the past Bangalore's lakes have been governed by unitary state actors. But over time, this changed. Today a multiplicity of governance processes is associated with the lakes: state‐dominated unitary‐systems coexist with partnerships between state and nonstate actors. Therefore, in order to understand how governance by unitary state evolves into governance by partnerships, this article answers the following research question: “How did the governance of some of Bangalore's lakes evolve from a state‐dominated, publicly governed model to one in which local communities have a much larger say?” Using data collected via semi‐structured interviews and secondary research, this article argues that while processes of urbanization may indeed have contributed to changing the city's landscape, in more recent years, socio‐political processes have contributed to governance transition: actor interactions and changing power dynamics interacted with processes of learning to bring about changes in mental models leading to change. This finding assumes significance in view of the fact there is limited research which demonstrates how these socio‐scientific processes interact with each other for bringing about governance transition.
Multiple input single output aerial base station‐assisted networks: Joint 3D beam‐forming, aerial base station assignment, 3D placement, and radio resource allocation
Authors: Azizi Arman , Mokari Nader 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, we propose a novel method according to which joint aerial base station (ABS) assignment, three‐dimensional placement (3DP), three‐dimensional beam‐forming (3DB), and radio resource allocation are considered for multiple input single output (MISO) ABS‐based networks with orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology. We aim to maximize the instantaneous data rate subject to some practical constraints. In light of the fact that our optimization problem is mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) with high computational complexity, we propose a low complex and practical approach. Therefore, we resort to an alternate method by which the main optimization problem decomposes into three subproblems. Then we solve the resulting subproblems via linear approximation method, matching theory, and mesh adaptive direct search (MADS) algorithm. In order to shed light on our proposed approach, we decompose the proposed scenario into some cases with fewer optimization variables and compare them with our main problem. Our proposed approach boosts the instantaneous data rate compared to the decomposed cases with fewer optimization variables. Via simulation, we study the effect of various parameters like numbers of users, ABSs, and maximum transmission powers on the network performance. Finally, we analyze the network performance for suburban and urban environments considering various number of ABSs.
Granger causality of bivariate stationary curve time series
Authors: Shang Han Lin , Ji Kaiying , Beyaztas Ufuk 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study causality between bivariate curve time series using the Granger causality generalized measures of correlation. With this measure, we can investigate which curve time series Granger‐causes the other; in turn, it helps determine the predictability of any two curve time series. Illustrated by a climatology example, we find that the sea surface temperature Granger‐causes sea‐level atmospheric pressure. Motivated by a portfolio management application in finance, we single out those stocks that lead or lag behind Dow Jones industrial averages. Given a close relationship between S&P 500 index and crude oil price, we determine the leading and lagging variables.
Zr0.92Y0.08O1.92‐La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ Asymmetric Dual‐phase Oxygen Transport Membrane for Simultaneously Methane Partial Oxidation and Water Splitting▴
Authors: Shi J. , Zhu X. , Li K. , Wei Y. , Wang H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOxygen transport membrane (OTM) allows O2− to transport from oxygen donation side to partial oxidation side without the contact of oxidant and fuel, providing an efficient pathway for the fuel conversion. OTM with high oxygen permeability are crucial for OTM‐involved processes, and the asymmetric dual‐phase OTM is one of the promising materials with desirable oxygen permeability and stability. Herein, we fabricated a Zr0.92Y0.08O1.92‐La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (YSZ‐LSCF) asymmetric dual‐phase OTM for the methane partial oxidation and water splitting. It exhibits highest oxygen permeation flux of 0.151 mL cm−2 min−1 at 900 °C among all membranes due to the fast oxygen diffusion kinetic. In water splitting experiments driven by different reducing atmospheres (CO and CH4), all the membranes are reactive. The YSZ‐LSCF asymmetric dual‐phase membrane reveals a favorable performance for the partial oxidation of methane to syngas with a H2/CO molar ratio close to 2 and simultaneously water splitting to produce hydrogen. The membrane maintains high stability during the experiments, and the clear dual phases, grain boundaries and porous structure are visible. Owing to its desired oxygen permeability and stability, YSZ‐LSCF asymmetric dual‐phase membrane developed in the present study provides an efficient process for the methane partial oxidation and water splitting.
Distinct influence of parental occupation on cortical thickness and surface area in children and adolescents: Relation to self‐esteem
Authors: Khundrakpam Budhachandra , Choudhury Suparna , Vainik Uku , Al‐Sharif Noor , Bhutani Neha , Jeon Seun , Gold Ian , Evans Alan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStudies of socioeconomic disparities have largely focused on correlating brain measures with either composite measure of socioeconomic status (SES), or its components—family income or parental education, giving little attention to the component of parental occupation. Emerging evidence suggests that parental occupation may be an important and neglected indicator of childhood and adolescent SES compared to absolute measures of material resources or academic attainment because, while related, it may more precisely capture position in social hierarchy and related health outcomes. On the other hand, although cortical thickness and surface area are brain measures with distinct genetic and developmental origins, large‐scale neuroimaging studies investigating regional differences in interaction of the composite measure of SES or its components with cortical thickness and surface area are missing. We set out to fill this gap, focusing specifically on the role of parental occupation on cortical thickness and surface area by analyzing magnetic resonance imaging scans from 704 healthy individuals (age = 3–21 years). We observed spatially distributed patterns of (parental occupation × age2) interaction with cortical thickness (localized at the left caudal middle frontal, the left inferior parietal and the right superior parietal) and surface area (localized at the left orbitofrontal cortex), indicating independent sources of variability. Further, with decreased cortical thickness, children from families with lower parental occupation exhibited lower self‐esteem. Our findings demonstrate distinct influence of parental occupation on cortical thickness and surface area in children and adolescents, potentially reflecting different neurobiological mechanisms by which parental occupation may impact brain development.
Disruption of gray matter morphological networks in patients with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia
Authors: Li Xiuli , Lei Du , Niu Running , Li Lei , Suo Xueling , Li Wenbin , Yang Chen , Yang Tianhua , Ren Jiechuan , Pinaya Walter H. L. , Zhou Dong , Kemp Graham J. , Gong Qiyong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study explores the topological properties of brain gray matter (GM) networks in patients with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) and asks whether GM network features have potential diagnostic value. We used 3D T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging and graph theoretical approaches to investigate the topological organization of GM morphological networks in 87 PKD patients and 115 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. We applied a support vector machine to GM morphological network matrices to classify PKD patients versus healthy controls. Compared with the HC group, the GM morphological networks of PKD patients showed significant abnormalities at the global level, including an increase in characteristic path length (Lp) and decreases in local efficiency (Eloc), clustering coefficient (Cp), normalized clustering coefficient (γ), and small‐worldness (σ). The decrease in Cp was significantly correlated with disease duration and age of onset. The GM morphological networks of PKD patients also showed significant changes in nodal topological characteristics, mainly in the basal ganglia‐thalamus circuitry, default‐mode network and central executive network. Finally, we used the GM morphological network matrices to classify individuals as PKD patients versus healthy controls, achieving 87.8% accuracy. Overall, this study demonstrated disruption of GM morphological networks in PKD, which might extend our understanding of the pathophysiology of PKD; further, GM morphological network matrices might have the potential to serve as network neuroimaging biomarkers for the diagnosis of PKD.
Optimal lake‐marsh pattern determination in lake‐marsh systems based on the eco‐hydrological processes management
Authors: Bi Wuxia , Weng Baisha , Yan Denghua , Li Meng , Yu Zhilei , Wang Lin , Wang Hao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe major hydrological factors in lake‐marsh systems are water level (depth), water surface area, and water volume. The key index for determining the lake‐marsh pattern is water level, which leads to the variation of lake‐marsh patterns under natural hydrological alternations. In addition, the vegetation structure also affects the lake‐marsh pattern. With socioeconomic development and climate change, the ‘land use’ and ‘water use’ competitions appear more seriously between a lake‐marsh system and its surrounding socioeconomic system, also inside the lake‐marsh system. The possible optimal lake‐marsh pattern could solve the contradictions mentioned above. As few studies focus on this issue, this study proposed an optimal lake‐marsh pattern determination method with eco‐hydrological management on relieving the land use and water use competitions. The optimal lake‐marsh pattern determination method considers the protection objects (water depth demands), water supply (precipitation, surface water, and groundwater), and water demand (especially evapotranspiration) in the system at annual and monthly scales. Calculation and analysis were performed for the optimal pattern of the Wolonghu Wetlands as an example. The results mainly showed that the lake‐marsh pattern of the Wolonghu Wetlands cannot be achieved on meeting both the maximum ecological services values and minimum water shortage amount under present natural condition. With artificial regulation measures, the possible optimal annual lake‐marsh patterns can be obtained based on both ecological and hydrological objectives, with the area ratio of lake and marsh in the range of 0.650:0.350 and 0.726:0.274, the corresponding water level of lake body was of 86.85 to 87.0 m. This study could provide references for the Wolonghu Wetlands management, also for similar lake‐marsh systems and other ecological systems.
Effectiveness of post‐fire salvage logging stream buffer management for hillslope erosion in theU.S.Inland Northwest Mountains
Authors: Robichaud Peter R. , Bone Edwin D. , Lewis Sarah A. , Brooks Erin S. , Brown Robert E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractActive wildfire seasons in the western U.S. warrant the evaluation of post‐fire forest management strategies. Ground‐based salvage logging is often used to recover economic loss of burned timber. In unburned forests, ground‐based logging often follows best management practices by leaving undisturbed areas near streams called stream buffers. However, the effectiveness of these buffers has not been tested in a post‐wildfire setting. This experiment tested buffer width effectiveness with a novel field‐simulated rill experiment using sediment‐laden runoff (25 g/L) released over 40 min at evenly timed flow rates (50, 100 and 150 L/min) to measure surface runoff travel length and sediment concentration under unburned and high and low soil burn severity conditions at 2‐, 10‐ and 22‐month post‐fire. High severity areas 2‐month post‐fire had rill lengths of up to 100 m. Rill length significantly decreased over time as vegetation regrowth provided ground cover. Sediment concentration and sediment dropout rate also varied significantly by soil burn severity. Sediment concentrations were 19 g/L for the highest flow 2‐month post‐fire and reduced to 6.9–14 g/L 10‐month post‐fire due to abundant vegetation recovery. The amount of sediment dropping out of the flow consistently increased over the study period with the low burn severity rate of 1.15 g L−1m−1approaching the unburned rate of 1.29 g L−1m−1by 2‐year post‐fire. These results suggest that an often‐used standard, 15 m buffer, was sufficient to contain surface runoff and reduce sediment concentration on unburned sites, however buffers on high burn severity sites need to be eight times greater (120 m) immediately after wildfire and four times greater (60 m) 1‐year post‐fire. Low burn severity areas 1‐year post‐fire may need to be only twice the width of an unburned buffer (30 m), and 2‐year post‐fire these could return to unburned widths.
Investor types' trading around theshort‐termreversal pattern
Authors: Onishchenko Olena , Ülkü Numan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing exact and complete Korean data of investor trading, we provide an anatomy of investor types' trading throughout the short‐horizon overshooting‐and‐reversal pattern in stock returns. We document two forms of non‐optimal trading behaviour associated with the pattern: First, institutional investors' chasing of return shocks at the overshooting point, particularly in the large‐cap segment. Second, individual investors' buying of winner stocks in the small‐cap segment, consistent with an attention‐driven speculative buying bias.
Revisiting the finance‐growth nexus: A socioeconomic approach
Authors: Agiropoulos Charalampos , Polemis Michael L. , Siopsis Michael , Karkalakos Sotiris 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough financial development is recognized as a vital determinant of countries' economic growth path, many empirical studies fail to further isolate the role of socioeconomic indicators on accelerating growth. This study attempts to fill this gap by examining the statistical significance and the behaviour of several socioeconomic indicators on economic growth. We apply parametric (System GMM estimators) and semi‐parametric techniques along the lines of Baltagi and Li. Annals of Economics and Finance, 2002, 3, 103–116 on a panel data set of 19 Eurozone countries over the period 1995–2017. We test for non‐linear effects on economic growth for three banking indicators (domestic credit, non‐performing loans, and banking capitalization). In contrast to the related literature, our findings provide sufficient evidence of non‐linear relationships between several aspects of financial development and economic growth. Our results survive robustness checks implying significant policy implications for policymakers and regulators in their effort of balancing banking development with a resurgence in economic growth within the EU periphery.
Chlorogenic acid induces 4T1 breast cancer tumor's apoptosis via p53, Bax, Bcl‐2, and caspase‐3 signaling pathways in BALB/c mice
Authors: Changizi Zahra , Moslehi Azam , Rohani Ali Haeri , Eidi Akram 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite all the new treatments, metastatic breast cancer (BC) causes many deaths. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a polyphenol compound with various pharmacological traits, such as anticancer properties. Targeting apoptotic death pathways has been propounded as the most effective therapeutic method in various cancers. In the current study, apoptotic agents such as p53, Bax, Bcl‐2, and caspase‐3 have been investigated. The experimental groups included saline, BC, CGA, protective (PR), and treatment (TM) groups. First, 4T1 mouse BC was established and then the effects of treatment with CGA were investigated through measurement of tumor weight and volume, metastatic nodules, liver biochemical tests, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, and real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in experimental groups. The findings showed that CGA reduced tumor weight and volume in the PR group (P < .05) and in the TM group (P < .001). Surprisingly, it eliminated the tumors in the TM group. Metastatic nodules in the PR and TM groups were significantly reduced as compared with the BC group (P < .001). The evaluation by H&E staining showed cell apoptosis in both the PR and TM groups. The results of real‐time RT‐PCR showed that CGA therapy increased the expression ratio of Bax/Bcl‐2 (P < .001 and P < .05, respectively) and the expression of p53 (P < .001 and P < .05, respectively) and caspase‐3 genes (P < .01) in the PR and TM groups. The IHC data regarding the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio confirmed the other results (P < .001). The findings demonstrate that CGA plays a significant role in the induction of apoptosis and the treatment of 4T1 BC tumors in BALB/c mice.
ProteinUnet—An efficient alternative to SPIDER3‐single for sequence‐based prediction of protein secondary structures
Authors: Kotowski Krzysztof , Smolarczyk Tomasz , Roterman‐Konieczna Irena , Stapor Katarzyna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPredicting protein function and structure from sequence remains an unsolved problem in bioinformatics. The best performing methods rely heavily on evolutionary information from multiple sequence alignments, which means their accuracy deteriorates for sequences with a few homologs, and given the increasing sequence database sizes requires long computation times. Here, a single‐sequence‐based prediction method is presented, called ProteinUnet, leveraging an U‐Net convolutional network architecture. It is compared to SPIDER3‐Single model, based on long short‐term memory‐bidirectional recurrent neural networks architecture. Both methods achieve similar results for prediction of secondary structures (both three‐ and eight‐state), half‐sphere exposure, and contact number, but ProteinUnet has two times fewer parameters, 17 times shorter inference time, and can be trained 11 times faster. Moreover, ProteinUnet tends to be better for short sequences and residues with a low number of local contacts. Additionally, the method of loss weighting is presented as an effective way of increasing accuracy for rare secondary structures.
Enticing applications of near‐infrared phosphors: Review and future perspectives
Authors: De Guzman Gabriel Nicolo A. , Hu Shu Fen , Liu Ru Shi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) phosphors have gained a substantial amount of attention in the past few years simply due to their numerous applications. Recent publications have reported interesting findings regarding the fundamentals of phosphors. However, the unclear application of these phosphors limits their potential. This mini review aims to provide insights for researchers regarding the potential applications of NIR phosphors and their perspectives for further development of NIR phosphor technology.
Dysregulation of vitamin D synthesis pathway genes in colorectal cancer: A case‐control study
Authors: Sadeghi Hossein , Kamaliyan Zeeba , Mohseni Roohollah , Sahebi Unes , Nazemalhosseini‐Mojarad Ehsan , Aghaei Naser , Zali Mohammad Reza , Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid , Mirfakhraie Reza , Moshiri Arfa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe cytochromes P450 are a superfamily of enzymes that control the synthesis of the biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3. These enzymes contribute to the formation of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3, which starts with a 25‐hydroxylation by CYP2R1 and CYP27A1 and a subsequent 1α‐hydroxylation via CYP27B1.MethodsBy using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), we analyzed the expression ratio of CYP2R1, CYP27A1 and CYP27B1 genes within the vitamin D metabolic pathway in a total of 75 colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues compared to the adjacent tissues. Furthermore, we evaluated the association of CYP27B1 rs4646536 and CYP2R1 rs12794714 and rs10766196 polymorphisms with CRC risk in a total of 490 subjects, including 245 CRC patients and 245 non‐cancer controls. The genotyping was performed using tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (TP‐ARMS–PCR) method.ResultsThe results indicated 2.3 and 2.7 upregulation of CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 genes in colorectal cancer tissues compared to the adjacent tissues, respectively. Rs12794714 AG genotype increased the risk of CRC (P = .03). Furthermore, a significant association was observed under the dominant inheritance model (P = .039).ConclusionCYP2R1 and CYP27B1 genes were over‐expressed in CRC samples compared to the adjacent control tissues. Furthermore, CYP2R1 rs12794714 variant was associated with the risk of CRC in the studied samples. CYP2R1 rs10766196 and CYP27B1 rs4646536 are not responsible for CYP2R1 and CYP27B1 genes expression alteration, respectively, but CYP2R1 rs12794714 polymorphism may be the reason of CYP2R1 upregulation and increased the risk of CRC.
Risk factors for bile leakage: Latest analysis of 10 102 hepatectomies for hepatocellular carcinoma from the Japanese national clinical database
Authors: Yamashita Yo‐ichi , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Miyata Hiroaki , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Kitagawa Yuko , Yamaue Hiroki , Yamamoto Masakazu , Baba Hideo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposeThe aim of this study was to identify risk factors for bile leakage in hepatic resections without biliary reconstructions using the large Japanese national clinical database (NCD).MethodsA total of 10 102 patients who had undergone hepatic resection involving more than one segment without biliary reconstructions for hepatocellular carcinoma during 2015‐2017 were enrolled. Risk factors for bile leakage, with special reference to the type of hepatic resection, were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsBile leakage occurred in 726 patients (7.2%). Risk factors for bile leakage were as follows: male sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04‐1.58), diabetes mellitus (+) (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01‐1.39), hemoglobin <10 g/dL (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.02‐1.93), albumin <3.5 g/dL (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.03‐1.63), central bisectionectomy (OR 3.8, 95% CI 2.81‐5.13), left trisectionectomy (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.10‐6.15), right anterior sectionectomy (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.58‐2.72), and S5 or S8 segmentectomy (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.00‐1.77).ConclusionCentral bisectionectomy, left trisectionectomy, and right anterior sectionectomy are high‐risk types of hepatic resection for bile leakage.