bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant genotype and temperature impact simultaneous biotic and abiotic stress‐related gene expression in Pythium‐infected plants
Authors: You Ming Pei , Rui Tian , Barbetti Martin J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnder changing climate, plants need combined ability to cope with co‐occurring biotic/abiotic stresses. Understanding simultaneous plant responses to multiple stresses offers unique insights towards developing effective strategies to mitigate effects of such stresses in plants. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to determine and compare relative gene expression ratios (RGERs) of three disease resistance‐related genes, chalcone synthase, GA protein, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and three abiotic stress‐related genes, a LRR receptor‐like protein kinase (RPK), heat shock protein 81, and Trifolium repens cold responsive protein, across seven durations of infection by the root pathogen Pythium irregulare under three temperature regimes in three Trifolium subterraneum varieties of varying resistance. Temperature and genotype drove biotic and abiotic stress‐related gene expression in Pythium‐infected plants. RGERs of tested genes and their relationships differed across varieties, temperatures, and infection duration (ID). These are the first studies to report expression of defence‐related genes in relation to either biotic or abiotic stress in subterranean clover. The current study not only demonstrates how RGERs of tested genes and their relationships differ across varieties, temperatures, and ID, but also highlights as yet unexploited opportunities to use these biotic/abiotic‐related genes together to develop new varieties with combined biotic/abiotic stress resistances in forage legumes that are suitable for changing climate scenarios. Examples could include RGERs of PAL to identify “temperature‐stable” disease‐resistant varieties, and RGERs of RPK to eliminate susceptible and temperature‐sensitive genotypes.
The effect of anger management skills training on anger status of the people with HIV
Authors: Lotfalizadeh Mehri , Miri Sakineh , Foroughameri Golnaz , Farokhzadian Jamileh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study investigated the effect of anger management skills training on the anger status of people with HIV.Design and MethodsThis interventional study was conducted on 60 people with HIV. The intervention group was trained on anger management skills. Data were collected using Spielberger's State‐Trait Anger Expression Inventory‐II.FindingsThe intervention group's training on anger management skills showed a significant reduction in mean scores of the state‐trait anger, and anger expression as well as a significant increase in mean scores of anger control‐out and anger control‐in.Practice ImplicationsExpert counselors, psychologists, community health, and psychiatric nurses are recommended to train anger management skills to people with HIV.
The economics of Integrated Multi‐Trophic Aquaculture: where are we now and where do we need to go?
Authors: Knowler Duncan , Chopin Thierry , Martínez‐Espiñeira Rober , Neori Amir , Nobre Ana , Noce Anthony , Reid Gregor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA), species from different trophic levels are raised in proximity to one another and the co‐products (organic and inorganic wastes) of one cultured species are recycled to serve as nutritional inputs for others. IMTA can reduce the ecological impacts near aquaculture operations, improve social perceptions of aquaculture and provide financial benefits for aquaculture producers via product diversification, faster production cycles and price premiums on IMTA products. We review aspects of IMTA’s economic potential and market acceptance and consider ways to address the current gaps in our understanding. We find that adopting IMTA raises the assimilative capacity of the farm and that IMTA substantively reduces the environmental cost of aquaculture. Moreover, integrating extractive species (e.g. invertebrates and/or seaweeds), with existing fed‐monoculture operations, can increase farm profits. The presence of positive public attitudes towards IMTA, as expressed by a willingness to pay a premium for its products, can further increase the profitability of adopting IMTA. Areas requiring more economic research include the development of comparative bioeconomic models of IMTA and the evaluation of competing production systems and their ability to internalize externalities to demonstrate the true value of IMTA to society. Further exploration of economic incentives, such as instruments needed to foster adoption of IMTA, and investigation of marketing opportunities, such as promoting the eco‐certification of IMTA products, are also needed. Our paper aimed to inform economists and non‐economists alike about the latest developments in IMTA economics, and spur further research on critical topics concerning this important subject.
Embryo gene expression in pig pregnancy
Authors: Llobat Lola 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPregnancy is a complex process in which significant changes occur continually in both the corpora lutea and in the endometrium of the females and varies depending on the embryonic, pre‐implantation or foetal stages. In the embryonic stages, the majority of genes expressed in the pig embryo correspond to the loss of cellular pluripotency. In contrast, the implantation consists of three phases: elongation of the conceptus, adhesion and union of the embryo to the endometrial epithelium. During these phases, many factors are expressed, including growth factors, molecules that facilitate adhesion and cytokines. All these changes are ultimately regulated by different lipid and hormonal substances, specifically by progesterone, oestradiol and prostaglandins, which regulate the expression of many proteins necessary for the development of the embryo, endometrial remodelling and embryo–maternal communication. This paper is a review of primary gene regulatory mechanisms in pigs during different stages of implantation.
Clay mineralogy of Gulf of Papua Shelf and Pandora Trough deposits constrains sediment routing during the last sea‐level cycle
Authors: Wei Emily A. , Driscoll Neal W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Gulf of Papua inner mid‐shelf clinothem and lowstand deposits in Pandora Trough record sediment source and routing through the last sea‐level cycle on 20 kyr cycles. Clay mineralogy tracked dispersal of sediment from the two types of rivers (wide versus narrow floodplains) to constrain the contributions of river systems to the Gulf of Papua clinothem and Pandora Trough deposits. Fly River sediment has higher illite:smectite than clays from the small mountainous rivers (Bamu, Turama, Kikori and Purari rivers) that drain regions with more limestones. X‐ray diffraction shows high illite:smectite proximal to the Fly River delta that decrease towards the north‐east. Downcore mineralogy of inner mid‐shelf cores reveals that the largest shifts in illite:smectite correspond to changes in sediment units. The relict clinothem emplaced on the Gulf of Papua shelf during Marine Isotope Stage 3 has lower illite:smectite than the Holocene clinothem that has been building since 2 ka and the Marine Isotope Stage 5a relict clinothem. In the inner mid‐shelf, downcore decreases in illite:smectite during Marine Isotope Stage 3 suggest that this region received less clay from the Fly River and more contributions from small mountainous rivers. During Marine Isotope Stage 3, the exposed physiography and narrower shelf in this region may have deflected Fly River sediment more south‐eastward, where it bypassed the inner shelf via the Kiwai, Purutu and Umuda valleys and was deposited in the Pandora Trough. The Fly River may have been more susceptible to valley incision because of its limited shelf accommodation and higher ratio of water to sediment discharge. Such bypass of the inner mid‐shelf by Fly River sediment during the Marine Isotope Stage 2 sea‐level lowstand is recorded in Pandora Trough deposits with high illite:smectite ratios. Inner mid‐shelf clinothems with compositional shifts on the order of 20 kyr may be influenced by shelf physiography, accommodation and the variable incision by small and large rivers.
Quality of hybrid location data drawn from GPS‐enabled mobile phones: Does it matter?
Authors: Yoo Eun‐Hye , Roberts John E. , Eum Youngseob , Shi Youdi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite their increasing popularity in human mobility studies, few studies have investigated the geo‐spatial quality of GPS‐enabled mobile phone data in which phone location is determined by special queries designed to collect location data with predetermined sampling intervals (hereafter “active mobile phone data”). We focus on two key issues in active mobile phone data—systematic gaps in tracking records and positioning uncertainty—and investigate their effects on human mobility pattern analyses. To address gaps in records, we develop an imputation strategy that utilizes local environment information, such as parcel boundaries, and recording time intervals. We evaluate the performance of the proposed imputation strategy by comparing raw versus imputed data with participants’ online survey responses. The results indicate that imputed data are superior to raw data in identifying individuals’ frequently visited places on a weekly basis. To assess the location accuracy of active mobile phone data, we investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the positional uncertainty of each record and examine via Monte Carlo simulation how inaccurate location information might affect human mobility pattern indicators. Results suggest that the level of uncertainty varies as a function of time of day and the type of land use at which the position was determined, both of which are closely related to the location technology used to determine the location. Our study highlights the importance of understanding and addressing limitations of mobile phone derived positioning data prior to their use in human mobility studies.
Flux balance analysis of metabolism during growth by osmotic cell expansion and its application to tomato fruits
Authors: Shameer Sanu , Vallarino José G. , Fernie Alisdair R. , Ratcliffe R. George , Sweetlove Lee J. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryCell expansion is a significant contributor to organ growth and is driven by the accumulation of osmolytes to increase cell turgor pressure. Metabolic modelling has the potential to provide insights into the processes that underpin osmolyte synthesis and transport, but the main computational approach for predicting metabolic network fluxes, flux balance analysis, often uses biomass composition as the main output constraint and ignores potential changes in cell volume. Here we present growth‐by‐osmotic‐expansion flux balance analysis (GrOE‐FBA), a framework that accounts for both the metabolic and ionic contributions to the osmotica that drive cell expansion, as well as the synthesis of protein, cell wall and cell membrane components required for cell enlargement. Using GrOE‐FBA, the metabolic fluxes in dividing and expanding cells were analysed, and the energetic costs for metabolite biosynthesis and accumulation in the two scenarios were found to be surprisingly similar. The expansion phase of tomato fruit growth was also modelled using a multiphase single‐optimization GrOE‐FBA model and this approach gave accurate predictions of the major metabolite levels throughout fruit development, as well as revealing a role for transitory starch accumulation in ensuring optimal fruit development.
Influence of enteral feeding and anemia on tissue oxygen extraction after red blood cell transfusion in preterm infants
Authors: Goldstein Gregory P. , Rao Anoop , Ling Albee Y. , Ding Victoria Y. , Chang Irene J. , Chock Valerie Y. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUNDUnderstanding factors that impact tissue oxygen extraction may guide red blood cell (RBC) transfusion decision making in preterm infants. Our objective was to assess the influence of enteral feeding and anemia on cerebral and mesenteric oxygen saturation (Csat and Msat) and fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE and mFTOE) over the entire time course of RBC transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPreterm, very low‐birth‐weight infants receiving RBC transfusions at a single center were enrolled. Near‐infrared spectroscopy sensors measured Csat and Msat levels from an hour before transfusion to 24 hours after. During this period, changes in Csat, Msat, cFTOE, and mFTOE were described, and their association with enteral feeding status and pretransfusion degree of anemia were assessed using generalized estimating equations.RESULTSRBC transfusion data from 31 preterm infants were included. Infants receiving enteral feeds exhibited lower pretransfusion Msat. Infants with pretransfusion hematocrit greater than 30% exhibited higher pretransfusion Csat and lower pretransfusion cFTOE. Such differences in baseline measurements persisted through 24 hours after transfusion. However, no statistically significant differences in oxygenation measures over time by enteral feeding or anemia status were identified.CONCLUSIONCompared to NPO, enteral feeding was associated with lower Msat; anemia (hematocrit ≤30%) was associated with lower Csat and higher cFTOE. Over the time course of RBC transfusion, trajectories of Csat, Msat, cFTOE and mFTOE did not differ by enteral feeding or anemia status.
Firms' imports and quality upgrading: Evidence from Chinese firms
Authors: Zhu Min , Tomasi Chiara 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUsing transaction‐level data for the Chinese manufacturing sector, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the causal effect that firms' imports have on quality upgrading. We implement an empirical strategy that delivers quality estimates at the firm‐product‐destination level. Exploiting this measure and accounting for the endogeneity of imported inputs, this paper shows that sourcing from abroad boosts export quality. Moreover, the analysis indicates that quality improvements are particularly strong when firms purchase inputs from high‐income countries. Taken together, these results provide direct evidence that quality upgrading is an important mechanism through which imports favour firms' export performance.
US–Brazilian cotton policies
Authors: Devadoss Stephen , Luckstead Jeff 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBrazil filed a lawsuit with the WTO against the United States for providing cotton production and export subsidies, and the WTO ruled in favour of Brazil. Brazil threatened to impose retaliatory tariffs if the United States does not comply with the WTO rulings. After a prolonged litigation stretching from 2002 to 2010, both countries agreed to a negotiated settlement wherein the United States paid Brazilian cotton producers to compensate for any adverse effects. This study develops a political economic model to theoretically analyse US cotton policies, Brazil's threat of retaliatory tariffs and the negotiated settlement between the two countries. The theoretical results show that the volume of cotton output, supply price response, politicians' apathy for the public welfare, elasticities of excess supply/demand and the magnitude of US transfers play a crucial role in determining US policies. This study contributes to the literature by being the first to model political economic aspects of the complex system of trade and domestic policies in the cotton industry using a three‐country framework, tariff retaliation and transfers between the countries.
Trends in clinical diagnoses of typhus group rickettsioses among a large U.S. insurance claims database
Authors: Cherry Cara C. , Binder Alison M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTyphus group rickettsioses (TGRs) are vector‐borne diseases that include murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) and epidemic typhus (R. prowazekii). Twentieth‐century public health interventions led to dramatic decreases in incidence; little is known about the contemporary TGR prevalence because neither disease is nationally notifiable. We summarized administrative claims data in a commercially insured population to examine trends in TGR medical encounters. We analysed data from 2003 to 2016 IBM® MarketScan® Commercial Databases to identify persons with inpatient or outpatient visits with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth or Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification TGR‐specific code. We summarized epidemiologic characteristics associated with incident diagnosis. We identified 1,799 patients diagnosed with a TGR. Patients resided in 46 states, and most were female (n = 1,019/1,799; 56.6%); the median age was 42 years (range: 0–64 years). Epidemic typhus (n = 931/1,799; 51.8%) was the most common TGRs, followed by murine typhus (n = 722/1,799; 40.1%). The majority of TGR patients were diagnosed in an outpatient setting (n = 1,725/1,799; 95.9%); among hospitalized patients, the majority received a murine typhus diagnosis (n = 67/74; 90.5%). TGRs are rarely diagnosed diseases. More patients were diagnosed with epidemic than murine typhus, even though R. prowazekii transmission requires body louse or flying squirrel exposure. Patients from all geographic regions were diagnosed with murine and epidemic typhus, despite historically recognized ranges for these diseases. The epidemiologic misalignment of insurance claims data versus historic TGRs data highlights the challenges of finding appropriate alternative data sources to serve as a proxy when national surveillance data do not exist.
Caracterización psicosocial y de motivos de consulta de la población asistente a 28 Centros de Atención Psicológica Universitarios en Colombia
Authors: Colón Llamas Tatiana , Escobar Altare Andrea Paola , Santacoloma Andrés , Granados García Alejandro , Moreno Luna Socorro , Silva Martin Luis Manuel 
Published: January 2020

En Colombia, los Centros de Atención Psicológica Universitarios ofrecen servicio de psicoterapia. El incremento de la demanda de atención psicológica en estos Centros y la diversidad de las personas que asisten a los mismos hacen necesario conocer las características de la población consultante y sus pedidos de ayuda, con el fin de producir información relevante que oriente el diseño futuro de estrategias de evaluación e intervención a nivel de la atención clínica y psicosocial. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer una caracterización psicosocial y de los motivos de consulta de las personas que asisten a los Centros de Atención Psicológica Universitarios. Se realizó una encuesta a 1525 personas que asistieron por primera vez a 28 de estos centros durante el período de marzo a julio de 2018, en siete regiones del país: Bogotá, Antioquia, Costa Caribe, Eje Cafetero, Tolima, Huila y Valle del Cauca. Los resultados mostraron que las dificultades emocionales y del estado de ánimo, los problemas de relación con el grupo primario de apoyo y las pérdidas y duelos son los principales motivos para consultar. La violencia intrafamiliar, la afectación directa e indirecta por el conflicto armado y las condiciones de inseguridad en el entorno cercano son factores de riesgo psicosocial en la población. Se recomienda la implementación de intervenciones psicológicas y psicosociales que privilegien las características específicas de los consultantes, así como la estructuración de equipos interdisciplinarios para la recuperación y el bienestar de la población.
Características de la supervisión clínica en las terapias conductuales: un análisis del proceso de supervisión clínica
Authors: Ballesteros de Valderrama Blanca Patricia , Muñoz-Martínez Amanda M. , Novoa-Gómez Mónica , Bazzani-Orrego Derkind , Brandwayn-Briceño Natalia E. , Lasso-Báez Roberto Andrés , Pachón-Basallo Mónica , Restrepo-Vélez David 
Published: January 2020

Se presentan las características de la supervisión clínica conductual abstraídas de un análisis de tipo etnográfico de entrevistas realizadas a 18 supervisores de la primera, segunda y tercera generación de terapias conductuales. Los entrevistados contaban con experiencia de 17 años en promedio (DE = 9.85) como clínicos y 16 años en promedio (DE =10.51) como supervisores. Se utilizó el software Altlas.ti 6.2 para analizar y relacionar las características centrales de la supervisión. Los resultados mostraron la supervisión conductual como categoría central con dos subcategorías axiales: factores que afectan la supervisión y proceso de supervisión. Los procedimientos de enseñanza con mayor fundamentación fueron: la formulación de caso, la discusión teórica, la retroalimentación, el modelamiento y el moldeamiento. Se concluye que la supervisión clínica se conceptualiza como un proceso y no como un resultado, y se discuten las implicaciones para los programas psicología clínica en la formación de futuros terapeutas.
Relación del nivel ocupacional, funcionamiento cognitivo y satisfacción vital en mayores de 55 años
Authors: Aguilar-Parra José Manuel , Trigueros Ramos Rubén , Padilla Góngora David , López-Liria Remedios 
Published: January 2020

El progresivo envejecimiento de la población obliga a las administraciones con competencias en materia sanitaria a intervenir en los efectos adversos de la falta de actividad física o funcional (depresión, ansiedad, deterioro cognitivo e insatisfacción vital, entre otros). El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar si el nivel de ocupación en actividades básicas de la vida cotidiana u ocio de una muestra de personas mayores de 55 años tiene influencia sobre el grado de funcionamiento cognitivo y su satisfacción vital. Se trata de un estudio transversal, con un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, desarrollado con 302 personas mayores de 55 años de varios centros participación activa (CPA) de la provincia de Almería (España). Los instrumentos utilizados para la valoración comprendieron el Mini-Exámen Cognoscitivo, la Escala de Satisfacción de Filadelfia y el Cuestionario de Conducta Ocupacional de Mayores (C-COM). El análisis multigrupo de los datos también incluyó un modelo estructural mediante path analysis. Los resultados han verificado la influencia de la ocupación en el deterioro cognitivo y la satisfacción vital, tanto en hombres como en mujeres. Las actividades de ocio aportan una mayor satisfacción vital que las ocupaciones del quehacer diario. La actitud hacia el envejecimiento ha sido el factor que ha arrojado una mayor correlación con el nivel ocupacional de la persona. Los datos respaldan la necesidad de unas recomendaciones adecuadas para el diseño de programas específicos que favorezcan intervenciones individuales y colectivas enfocadas al ejercicio, la prevención del deterioro cognitivo y el fomento de la satisfacción vital.
Investigation on Impact Response Feature of Railway Vehicles With Wheel Flat Fault Under Variable Speed Conditions
Authors: Jianwei Yang , Zhao Yue , Wang Jinhai , Bai Yongliang , Liu Chuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Wheel faults are the main causes of safety issues in railway vehicles. The modeling and analysis of wheel faults is crucial for determining and studying the dynamic characteristics of railway vehicles under variable speed conditions. Hence, a vehicle–track coupled dynamics model was established for analysis and calculations. The results showed that the dynamic features of the wheel with a flat fault were more pronounced under traction and braking conditions, whereas the variations in the features under coasting conditions were insignificant. In this paper, a short-time fast Fourier transform and reassignment method was used to process the signals, because the results were unclear when the time–frequency graph was processed only by short time Fourier transform, especially under braking conditions. The variation in the fault frequency under variable speed conditions was determined. Finally, statistical indicators were used to describe the vibration behaviors caused by the wheel flat fault.