bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Ni-Rich Cathode Properties with Mo Doping for Next-Generation Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Jae-Ho , Sun Yang-Kook 
Published: December 2024

Among battery components, cathode chemistry is a defining feature because it primarily determines both cost and performance. Enhancing the long-term cycling stability of Ni-rich layered cathode materials is crucial for high-energy-density applications in electric vehicles. However, the intrinsic instability of these Ni-rich layered cathode materials, which increases with increasing Ni content, limits their commercial use.1 Doping is a promising strategy to improve stability and performance. However, improving cycling performance through cathode material doping is challenging and requires the careful tuning of the doping parameters and conditions.2 Among the various dopants, Mo is highly effective in refining cathode morphology across a broad range of lithiation temperatures, enhancing the resistance of cathode particles to mechanical damage and improving their stability during repeated cycling.
Hearin, we investigate the impact of molybdenum (Mo) doping on Ni-rich NCMA cathodes, examining how varing Mo content and lithiation temperatures affect material properties. To evaluate the effect of Mo as a dopant, we focused on the morphological properties and crystallinity of Mo-doped Ni-rich NCMA94 cathode materials. The results show that optimal Mo doping improves cathode morphology and crystallinity, leading to better electrochemical performance.3 Mo-doped NCMA94 cathodes with refined primary particle size and high crystallinity demonstrate superior capacity and cycling stability. This study provides insights into optimizing doping parameters for advanced Ni-rich cathode materials, supporting long cycle life in next-generation Li-ion batteries.

References:

[1] H.-H. Ryu, K.-J. Parl, C.-S. Yoon, Y.-K. Sun, Chemistry of materials, 2018, 30(3), 1155.
[2] Z. Peng, K. Mu, Y. Cao, L. Xu, G. Hu, Ceramics International, 2019, 45(4), 4184.
[3] H.-H. Ryu, H.-W. Lim, S.-G. Lee, Y.-K. Sun, Energy Storage Materials, 2023, 59, 102771.
Hydrodynamic Jet Cavitation to Process Natural Graphite for Ultra-Fast Charging Lfp // Graphite Pouch Cells
Authors: Robinson Benjamin , Low John 
Published: December 2024

Graphite has proven to be the most dominant anode material for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its relatively high gravimetric capacity (372 mAh g-1), high Li-ion diffusion coefficient (~10-11 cm2 s-1) and
low delithiation potential (0.1V vs. Li/Li+). (1) Current methods of producing battery-grade graphite are both energy and greenhouse gas intensive. (2) New methods of processing graphite with far lower carbon footprints are becoming available using hydrodynamic jet cavitation. (3) This work tests the Li ion battery anode performance of three different jet cavitation processed graphite powders that have been processed by the above-mentioned method. The materials both matched the performance of commercial synthetic graphite anodes in low C-rate cycling and showed an improved capacity of >100 mAhg-1
LFP in full cells at 10C. Additional testing was also performed on single layer pouch cells. It was found that the rougher surface morphology of the jet cavitation processed graphite causes a slightly poorer initial coulombic efficiency but a far greater capacity at high C-rates.
Investigating the Redox Dynamics of Rare-Earth Phosphate-Coated Li-Rich Layered Oxides
Authors: Jenkins Tristram H. M. , Cowie Bruce C , Alarco Jose A , Mackinnon Ian D.R. 
Published: December 2024

Li-rich, Mn-rich layered oxides (LMOs) are promising cathode materials for next-generation Li-ion batteries, offering high energy densities (>250 mAhg⁻¹) and an average voltage of ~3.6V. However, LMOs suffer from capacity and voltage decay due to O 2p redox activity, leading to structural degradation, microcracking, lattice destabilization, and O₂ release[1]. This material degradation is driven by both surface and bulk structural transformations, though surface modification has emerged as a key strategy to mitigate these effects by stabilizing surface oxygen bonding and restraining spinel transformation[2].
In this work, we investigate the influence of rare earth phosphate (REP) coatings (YPO₄ and CePO₄) on the electronic structure and electrochemical performance of Li₁.₂Mn₀.₅₄Ni₀.₁₃Co₀.₁₃O₂. Using soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS), we observe reduced O 2p-TM 3d hole formation, improved reversibility of transition metal redox and dynamic changes in P-O coordination in REP-coated LMOs. Additionally, band alignment at the REP-LMO interface is discovered, correlating with lower observed charge transfer resistance and generally enhanced electrochemical performance during initial and long cycling. This study further demonstrates the importance of electronic compatibility in surface modifications for Li-ion battery cathodes.
Integrated Energy Generation and Water Desalination Platform
Authors: Choi Byeongwook , Son Moon , Park Sanghun 
Published: December 2024

The transpiration-driven electrokinetic power generator (TEPG) system, utilizing substrates such as cotton fabric, generates electricity through a pseudo-streaming mechanism between water and the substrate. Extensive research efforts are underway to store the generated electricity in devices such as watches, light bulbs, and supercapacitors. However, there are still limitations of low current (µA levels), low power density, and short duration (< 300s). Furthermore, there is an increasing necessity for environmentally sustainable applications beyond simply supplying power to small devices. Therefore, more research efforts are necessary to increase both the current and duration to effectively operate TEPG in various applications.
In this study, we have developed a carbonous water-driven power generator (CWPG) to address this low-energy generation issue. The CWPG differs from TEPG in utilizing carbonous porous material, maximizing the efficacy of the electricity generation mechanism. The CWPG, composed of a carbon-structured substrate, has overcome the limitations of previous designs by achieving currents at the milliampere (mA) level and ensuring high durability with duration times exceeding two hours. The power generation capability of CWPG was applied to an electrochemical water desalination system, capacitive deionization (CDI), which utilizes the principle of electric double-layer formation to adsorb ions in salty water (i.e., brackish water). Thus, in this presentation, for the first time, an integrated energy generation and water desalination platform based on CWPG and CDI will be introduced.
Direct Conversion from Poly- to Single-Crystal Cathode By Oxygen-Storage Additive
Authors: Kim Jongmin , Lee Seongwoo , Kim Kookhan , Eom Ji-Yong 
Published: December 2024

As demand for electric vehicles increases, interest in cathode materials with high energy density continues to increase. Ni-rich layered NCM811 is a cathode material attracting attention because it can realize high energy density. However, currently available NCM cathode materials use secondary particles. In the case of commercial NCM811, which has a secondary particle shape, the cycle-life characteristics rapidly decrease due to the cracks of the primary particles constituting the secondary particles. Single crystallization of NCM cathode materials is used to minimize these particle cracks. Single-crystal cathodes without intergranular cracks have been shown to improve cycling and thermal stability by minimizing surface degradation.
In this study, A high-performance single crystal cathode material was synthesized by directly converting commercial NCM811 polycrystal using a crystal growth promoter (Ce0.5Zr0.5O2) during heat treatment. The CeZrO2 additive used in the synthesis was able to grow primary particles significantly at the same temperature compared to when no additive was used or when CeO2 or ZrO2 was used. The performance of single crystal particles synthesized using this method was further improved through cobalt coating. Single crystals synthesized using additives showed very excellent cycle-life performance compared to existing commercial secondary particles or active materials that were heat-treated without additives at the same temperature. The enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to decreased crack generation, reduced surface reactivity by cobalt coating, which was confirmed through various electrochemical analyses and electrode observations.
Sensitivity Improvement of Electrochemical Virus Detection through Morphology Control of CNT Electrodes
Authors: Suzuki Daichi , Takemura Kenshin , Terasaki Nao 
Published: December 2024

The global pandemic of influenza virus (IFV) and Covid-19 has created a strong need for the technology to measure viruses quickly and sensitively. Currently, PCR-based detection technology is used to accurately detect these viruses, however they lack immediacy as it takes several days for the viruses to grow to detectable amounts. A complementary method that allows immediate detection is an antigen testing that uses complementary substances (aptamers and antibodies) that specifically bind to target virus. Among them, electrochemical detection via cyclic voltammetry is being researched as a method that can measure target virus in solutions with high sensitivity and high speed. Since these utilize chemical reactions on the electrode surface, the material and surface morphology of the electrode are important factors that govern sensitivity. Previous research has reported that highly sensitive and robust virus testing can be performed by using carbon nanotube (CNT) films, which are chemically stable and have a large surface area, as chemical electrodes. However, the effect of the surface morphology of CNT films such as structures and defects has not been sufficiently studied.
In this study, we attempted to increase the sensitivity of electrochemical virus testing by controlling the surface morphology of CNT films and increasing the amount of aptamer adsorption. The morphology of the CNT film was controlled through heat and non-heat laser processing by using 532 nm nano-second and/or pico-second pulsed lasers. The fabricated morphology was evaluated by SEM and polarized Raman spectroscopy. In addition to measuring the amount of aptamer adsorption for each morphology using ultraviolet spectroscopy, we also evaluated the detection sensitivity of IFV when using the CNT films as an electrochemical electrode. As a result, we achieved the high sensitivity and reliability IFV detection with fg/ml of the limit of detection. In the presentation, we will introduce the developed CNT morphology control technology and discuss the relationship between morphology and aptamer adsorption amount.

Figure 1
Highly Conductive Deformation-Free Reduced Graphene Oxide Fibers : Towards High-Performance Wearable Supercapacitors
Authors: Lee Hye Jung , Jeong Seung Yol , Yang Sunhye , Jeong Sooyeon , Hong DongGyun , Ryu Jihyeon , Kim Ick-Jun 
Published: December 2024

Solution-processed graphene fiber has been introduced by a wet spinning process of liquid crystal (LC) graphene oxide because of its strong hydrogen bonding and self-assembled layered structures with nematic phases. Substantially, graphene oxide (GO) solidified with layered structures in a coagulation bath. The LC-spun GO fibers generally have highly stacked and layered structures and are uneven along the fiber axis. However, due to the insulating properties of GO fiber, a reduction process should be introduced for a practical approach. Following the chemical reduction process, the LC-spun GO fiber has abundant and irregular structural deformation on the core and shell in fiber due to significant volume shrinkage. It has poor electrical conductivity, low specific surface area, and weak mechanical properties for applying high-performance supercapacitors.
Herein, we introduce deformation-free graphene fiber by extruding reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and GO hybridization. This is also used in the conventional wet spinning processes. The rGO-GO hybrid dope is a possible candidate for applying porous graphene fiber with high electrical conductivity, effective surface area, and proper mechanical strength. In addition, the rGO has high electrical conductivity with low defect sites. The fabrication method is based on modified Brodie method which generates quasi-defect-free reduced graphene oxide as introduced previous work. In particular, against LC-spun GO spinning, high-quality rGO-GO dope reveals that the rGO minimizes the self-assembly of GO and adjusts the imbibition ratio simultaneously for rapid dope solvent-coagulation exchange on extruding the graphene fiber. In addition, chemically stable rGO plays a role in a frame for supporting the fiber structure after the reduction process without the deformation of core and shell structures. Despite porous rGO-GO fiber, the significantly high circularity and effective porosity could enhance electrical conductivity (~654 S/cm, after drawing) and capacitance of supercapacitors. The graphene fiber can be applicable for wearable energy storage devices with high performance.
A CNT-FET Electronic Nose for the Detection of VOCs Associated with Agriculturally Relevant Pests
Authors: Avnon Asaf , Klain Hagai , Kaspi Roy , Levi-Zada Anat , Shafir Sharoni , Mechrez Guy , Vernick Sefi 
Published: December 2024

Insect infection of post-harvest agricultural yield is detrimental where even a single fruit might spoil the whole batch causing significant economic loss and shortages in the food supply chain. Given this immense loss and the looming food shortages, early detection of spoiled fruits is essential.
Upon Infection, fruits emit distinct volatile gases, conveyed even from unblemished waxed fruits. This is especially important as infected fruits may look unblemished and cannot be detected via optical sensors.
Therefore, we developed an olfactory biomimetic nanometric electronic field-effect-transistors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes covalently functionalized with polyaniline oligomers doped with silver or copper ions. The volatiles were measured via a dedicated microfluidic system.
As a proof of concept, we chose citrus fruits infected by the false codling moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta which attacks various fruits year-round but leaves the fruits unblemished from the outside, and is a common pest throughout the world.
We identified specific volatile gases excreted from infected fruits using honey-bees as a biological sensor through Pavlovian conditioning and matched them with the synthetic equivalents.
With our devices we were successful in identifying these volatile gases through repeated distinct shift of the transconductance gate response upon exposure to volatile gases. Washing of the device brought about a return to the initial state.
Thus, our electronic-nose device can be used as a practical and beneficial tool to detect early infection on fruit batches.
(Invited) AI-Driven Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Rapid Diagnosis of Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Hu Tony 
Published: December 2024

The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in material selection is rapidly advancing, yet the integration of AI into the design and optimization of sensing materials tailored for disease-related molecules and material interfaces remains nascent. In this study, we propose a data-driven approach for the design of materials, considering composition and morphology to enhance localized electric fields and molecular affinity, thereby facilitating improved Raman analysis of urine organic acids associated with metabolic diseases. Our AI-designed copper nanoplasmonic substrate exhibits a remarkable 15-fold increase in
Raman enhancement compared to commonly utilized gold nanomaterials (3 times greater enhancement than silver nanomaterials). Combining Raman spectroscopic analysis of clinical urine samples with machine learning techniques, we identify urinary markers indicative of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), a spectrum of nutrient processing deficiencies affecting approximately 0.04% of the population. Notably, the non-targeted nature and operational simplicity of Raman spectroscopy enable rapid acquisition of spectral data within 10 minutes. Leveraging a modest dataset of 60 clinical samples, our decision model achieves a sensitivity of 95.4% and specificity of 80.5% in distinguishing between normal and abnormal samples, with an overall accuracy of 85% for categorizing
abnormal subtypes. Subsequent blinded sample tests validate the effectiveness of the pretrained model, demonstrating an accuracy of 87.5%. This study introduces a novel approach combining surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy with AI-driven machine learning, offering a streamlined and timely identification of IEMs such as ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). Our findings highlight the potential of this approach to enhance patient care, address diagnostic challenges in IEM, and facilitate broader screening initiatives.
Advancement of Ionic Complexes Based on Multivalent Carbon Dot Polyanions for Applications in Electrochemical Systems
Authors: Lim Hong Chul , Kim Tae Hyun 
Published: December 2024

Carbon dots, also known as carbon quantum dots or graphene quantum dots (C-dots), have garnered significant attention due to their promising applications in various fields such as energy, catalysis, bioimaging, and nanomedicine. Typically, C-dots exhibit zero-dimensional characteristics with hybridized carbon structures at the core and functional groups like hydroxyl and carboxyl at the edges.
In this talk, I will highlight our recent advancements in utilizing ionic complexes based on C-dots for electrochemical applications, serving as supporting electrolytes and anionic dopants. We've developed nano-sized multivalent C-dot polyanions through a hydrothermal oxidation process of carbon nanofibers, forming complexes with alkali cations such as Li+, Na+, and K+. Consequently, we investigated the potential applications of ionic complexes based on C-dot as electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries and electrochromic devices. The ionic complexes demonstrate low Coulombic energy, exceptional thermal/electrochemical stability, and good ionic conductivity when dissolved in both aqueous and organic solvents. Molecular dynamics simulation with the electrochemical characterization reveals that the ionic complexes provide highly abundant free metal cations with highly stable C-dot polyanions and negligible ion pairs in solution. Furthermore, we have successfully implemented a novel approach to fabricate nanoarchitectures based on C-dots as an electrode-active material with outstanding electrochemical catalytic activity which is suitable for electrochemical biosensors and H2O2 reduction.

Figure 1
(Invited) Conductometric Biosensors: Semiconductor Technology for Precise Measurements of Molecules
Authors: Sriram Sharath 
Published: December 2024

Semiconducting substrates are chemically and environmentally stable, especially silicon. Here, high resistivity float zone silicon is used as a semiconducting substrate for the design and implementation of novel biosensors. With an electrode pair arrangement at the micro-scale, surface silanisation to create binding sites, and target-specific functionalisation a new category of precise conductometric biosensors is demonstrated.
With high sensitivity down to picomolar concentrations and high specificity in complex mixtures, the sensors are demonstrated for targets that encompass biomarkers (inflammatory, heart failure, fertility, and neurological), viral targets (SARS-CoV-2), and DNA fragments (cancer gene sequences for melanoma, liver, stomach, and oral cancers).
Integration of the micro-scale sensors with wireless electronics, to allow real-time data acquisition is demonstrated. The technology results in a semiconductor-based remote point-of-care diagnostic platform for early screening of diseases, improving healthcare accessibility and personalised medicine.
(Invited) Lubricin-Powered Biosensors for Multiplex Biomarker Detection
Authors: Moraes Silva Saimon , Coimbra Pimenta Thiago , Greene Wren 
Published: December 2024

The conception of reagentless protein-based electrochemical biosensors that can detect multiple molecular analytes simultaneously directly in complex biofluids has the potential to transform our understanding of biology and personalized health monitoring. Previously, we have introduced an innovative protein-based electrochemical sensing strategy for the detection of glycans directly in unprocessed complex biofluids.[1] This innovative sensing technology uses redox reporter-engineered lectins as recognition elements. Lectins are glycan-binding proteins that can selectively interact with glycan molecules.[2] These engineered lectins are anchored to an electrode surface via a self-assembled monolayer of lubricin (LUB).[1] LUB is a glycoprotein with demonstrated antifouling properties, and it has proved its usefulness in sensors and biosensors as it allows electrochemical measurements to be performed directly in unprocessed biofluids.[2,3,4,5] In this sensing configuration, electrochemical signal generation (measured using voltammetric techniques) occurs when the target glycan binds to the lectin recognition element, diminishing the efficacy with which the attached redox reporter, methylene blue, transfers electrons to the electrode surface.[1] Thus, this is an on-off switch sensing mechanism. So far, our published work has only focused on the detection of single glycans such as Tn antigen. In this presentation, I will share our latest findings on how to provide a multiplexed capability to such a sensing technology and how it can be useful for in-situ monitoring of multiple protein biomarkers directly in biofluids, creating hence a new tool for biodiscovery and bioanalysis.
References
[1] Silva, S. M.; Langley, D.; Cossins, L.; Samudra, A.; Quigley, A. F.; Kapsa, R. M. I.; Tothill, R. W.; Greene, G. W.; Moulton, S. E. ACS Sensors, v. 7, 11, 3379–3388, 2022.
[2] Li, M.; Abeyrathne, C.; Langley, D. P.; Cossins, L. R.; Samudra, A. N.; Greene, G. W.; Moulton, S. M.; Silva, S. M. Electrochimica Acta, v. 457, 142508, 2023.
[3] Russo, M. J.; Quigley, A. F.; Kapsa, R. M. I.; Moulton, S. E.; Guijt, R.; Silva, S. M.; Greene, G. W. ChemElectroChem, v.7, 2851, 2020.
[4] Russo, M. J.; Han, M.; Quigley, A. F.; Kapsa, R. M. I.; Moulton, S. E.; Doeven, E.; Guijt, R.; Silva, S. M.; Greene, G. W. Electrochimica Acta, v. 333, 135574, 2020.
[5] Silva, S. M.; Quigley, A. F.; Kapsa, R. M.; Greene, G. W.; Moulton, S. E. ChemElectroChem, v. 15, p. 1939-1943, 2019.