bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the effect of amylopectin starch on the properties of meat sys-tems
Authors: Kryzhova Yu. P. , Antoniuk M. M. , Antoniv A. D. , Sydorenko M. A. 
Published: December 2020

Decrease of meat quality results in the use of phosphate supplements, which increase the moisture-binding and emulsifying ability of meat, stabilize the pH of meat, color formation and oxidative processes in meat products. The most modern technological schemes of meat production involve the use of food phosphates, due to their ability to significantly increase the functional and technological potential of muscle proteins. However, consumption of meat products which contain food phosphates increases the intake of phosphorus in the human body, which has a negative impact on health. Therefore, today the meat processing industry is faced with the question of finding alternatives to phosphate supplements that would have the above mentioned functional properties and be safe for human health. To achieve the desired texture of sausages and structural and mechanical properties of minced meat they use starches. Unlike a regular starch, Perfectabind C amylopectin starch forms highly viscous pastes when heated with water, stable when stored at low and high temperatures, when the pH is lowered or when freezing and thawing. Amylopectin starches have a lower gelatinization temperature, the starch past is transparent, resistant to acidity and mechanical impact, odorless.Their use allows to improve the consistency, taste of food, completely eliminate phosphates, increase technological and economic performance. The properties of native potato starches, modified with Eline VE 510 and amylopectin Perfectabind C have been studied, namely: paste production, viscosity, effect on carrageenan gel strength, organoleptic and functional-technological parameters of minced meat and sausages. Studies have shown that amylopectin starch Perfectabind C has a high viscosity, minimal effect on the strength of the carrageenan gel, which is 375 g/cm2, increases the moisture holding capacity of the product by 11.8 %, improves the organoleptic characteristics of sausages and increases their yield by 5 % with complete replacement of food phosphates, which is positive and allows to produce safe meat products.
Development of beverage technology for athletes with the addition of whey proteins
Authors: Krasulya O. 
Published: December 2020

The article substantiates the relevance of developing a new drink technology for sports nutrition. The combination of milk base has an obvious positive effect on the body and enrichment with the necessary plant components. According to the formula of balanced nutrition of athletes engaged in strength sports, the daily amount of necessary macronutrients was calculated. The aim of the work was to develop a milk drink with nutrients. Their content in a portion of 500 g will cover the daily requirement by more than 10 %. Taking into account theoretical research, the component composition of the drink for athletes is substantiated. The expediency of adding whey protein concentrate obtained by ultrafiltration has been proved. According to the results of experimental studies of the dynamic viscosity index, a rational amount and type of carbohydrate component in the beverage has been established. With the addition of maltodextrin in the amount of 8 %, a viscous-fluid consistency of the model sample is observed. Тhe recommended limit on the amount of carbohydrates in beverages for athletes, namely an average of 10…12 %, taking into account the lactose content in milk-based about 4.0…4.5 %. The addition of soybean oil to the composition of the drink recipe for athletes is justified. A rational amount of lecithin emulsifier has been established to ensure the stability of the emulsion of the finished product. The composition of the milk drink recipe for athletes is given, which additionally includes a multivitamin premix, creatine monohydrate, dry extract of safflower leaflet, flavoring. The calculation of the nutritional and energy value of the developed drink was performed and the assessment of the satisfaction of the daily requirement for minerals and vitamins when drinking the drink in the amount of 500 g (1 serving) was performed. Consumption of the developed drink by the athlete who is engaged in power sports, in the amount of 500 g per day will provide the body with the necessary nutrients by more than 10 %.
A Nomogram Predicts Individual Prognosis in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma by Integrating the Extent of Resection of Non-Enhancing Tumors
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Jin Zeping , Liu Dayuan , Zhang Yang , Li Chunzhao , Miao Yazhou , Chi Xiaohan , Feng Jie , Wang Yaming , Hao Shuyu , Ji Nan 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe extent of resection of non-contrast enhancing tumors (EOR-NCEs) has been shown to be associated with prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (nGBM). This study aimed to develop and independently validate a nomogram integrated with EOR-NCE to assess individual prognosis.MethodsData for this nomogram were based on 301 patients hospitalized for nGBM from October 2011 to April 2019 at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University. These patients were randomly divided into derivation (n=181) and validation (n=120) cohorts at a ratio of 6:4. To evaluate predictive accuracy, discriminative ability, and clinical net benefit, concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were calculated for the extent of resection of contrast enhancing tumor (EOR-CE) and EOR-NCE nomograms. Comparison between these two models was performed as well.ResultsThe Cox proportional hazards model was used to establish nomograms for this study. Older age at diagnosis, Karnofsky performance status (KPS)&lt;70, unmethylated O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status, wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme (IDH), and lower EOR-CE and EOR-NCE were independent factors associated with shorter survival. The EOR-NCE nomogram had a higher C-index than the EOR-CE nomogram. Its calibration curve for the probability of survival exhibited good agreement between the identical and actual probabilities. The EOR-NCE nomogram showed superior net benefits and improved performance over the EOR-CE nomogram with respect to DCA and ROC for survival probability. These results were also confirmed in the validation cohort.ConclusionsAn EOR-NCE nomogram assessing individualized survival probabilities (12-, 18-, and 24-month) for patients with nGBM could be useful to provide patients and their relatives with health care consultations on optimizing therapeutic approaches and prognosis.
Female genital mutilation — a blind spot in Dutch general practice? A case–control study
Authors: Kawous Ramin , Kerimova Nigar , van den Muijsenbergh Maria ETC 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundWomen with female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) often suffer from physical and psychosexual problems related to FGM/C. As gatekeepers to the medical system, GPs are often the first to be consulted about these problems. It is as yet unknown if, and to what extent, Dutch GPs identify women with FGM/C or related health problems.AimTo investigate how often Dutch GPs register FGM/C and related health problems.Design & settingA case–control study of anonymised patient records was performed in the Netherlands.MethodMedical records were checked for information on country of origin. Records of women, aged ≥15 years, from countries where FGM/C is practised were compared with those of a case-control.ResultsAlthough many migrants were registered with the participating GPs, information on country of origin was seldom recorded. Only 68 out of 16 700 patients were identified as women from countries where FGM/C is practised; 12 out of these 68 records contained information about the FGM/C status, but none on the type of FGM/C. There were no significant differences in health problems related to FGM/C between patients with FGM/C and the controls.ConclusionFGM/C may be a blind spot for GPs and registration of information on migration background could be improved. A larger sample in a future study is needed to confirm this finding. Given the growing global migration, awareness and knowledge on FGM/C, and other migration-related health issues should be part of GP training.
ANALISA PENGARUH JUMLAH PENDUDUK, LUAS WILAYAH DAN CUACA TERHADAP PENYEBARAN KASUS VIRUS CORONA PADA BEBERAPA NEGARA TERPAPAR DI DUNIA
Authors: Wahyudi Eko Nur , Anis Yunus , Jananto Arief 
Published: December 2020

Pandemi virus corona (covid-19) melanda dunia. Terhitung mulai Desember 2019 hingga sekarang telah melanda ratusan negara dengan banyak korban mencapai jutaan jiwa. Tak sedikit pula korban yang terkena dampak dari berbagai kebijakan yang ditetapkan oleh masing-masing negara dalam rangka menanggulangi wabah penyakit tersebut. Hingga saat ini masih menjadi perdebatan asal muasal virus tersebut, ada yang menyebut berasal dari Wuhan China, tapi ada pula yang menyatakan berasal dari Amerika yang kemudian dibawa ke China. Sampai sekarang belum ada satupun negara yang memproklamirkan telah menemukan vaksin corona. Hingga kapan wabah ini akan berakhir dan berapa lagi korban jiwa yang akan direnggut, semuanya masih dalam upaya semua pihak yang berkepentingan khususnya para peneliti di bidang virologi, kedokteran, kesehatan dan farmasi. Mereka seakan berlomba untuk menjadi penemu dan pemenang dalam perang melawan virus corona.
Penyebaran virus yang sangat cepat menjadi sebuah perhatian khusus, bahkan beberapa negara melejit jumlah kasus dan korbannya jauh melebihi negara asal virus corona muncul yaitu China. Negara Amerika, Italia, Spanyol dan Inggris contohnya, kasus dan korban di negara tersebut sangatlah tinggi dalam rekapan jumlah setiap harinya. Banyak yang menghubungkan penyebab tersebut dengan kondisi yang berbeda di setiap negara, baik dari sisi jumlah penduduk, iklim yang ada, kebijakan pemerintahannya, dan masih ada beberapa yang lainnya menjadi pertimbangan penilaian terhadap mewabahnya virus tersebut.
Penelitian ini mencoba menganalisa faktor-faktor yang diduga menjadi beberapa penyebab penyebaran virus corona yang begitu cepat dengan metode analisis matematika, statistik dan data mining sederhana menggunakan K-Means. Penelitian ini menghasilkan informasi mengenai pengaruh jumlah penduduk, luas wilayah dan cuaca di suatu negara terhadap perkembangan virus covid-19. Dengan demikian diharapkan bahwa informasi tersebut dapat dijadikan salah satu dasar pengambilan kebijakan terhadap langkah-langkah penanganan terhadap kasus covid-19.
Development of a neural probe integrated with high-efficiency MicroLEDs for in vivo application
Authors: Yasunaga Hiroki , Takagi Toshihiro , Shinko Daisuke , Nakayama Yusei , Takeuchi Yuichi , Nishikawa Atsushi , Loesing Alexander , Ohsawa Masahiro , Sekiguchi Hiroto 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A neural probe with six micro-light-emitting diodes (MicroLEDs) and 15 neural electrodes was fabricated for optogenetic application. Local field potentials, which provide information about the neural activity, were successfully recorded using the neural probe, indicating the effectiveness of the neural electrodes. The MicroLEDs on the probe exhibited highly consistent current–voltage characteristics and sufficient light output of 20 mW mm−2 at 1 mA to manipulate neural activity. The light distribution in brain tissue was simulated to estimate the optical stimulation area and a number of optically stimulated neurons. The increase in LED temperature, i.e. ΔT, was investigated because high temperatures can damage brain tissue. A curve illustrating the relationship between ΔT and the wall-plug efficiency was derived. The wall-plug efficiency was increased 1.8 times by installing an Ag mirror on the back of a MicroLED. These results suggest that the MicroLED neural probe would significantly contribute to the development of neuroscience research-purposed optogenetic technology.
Distractor suppression leads to reduced flanker interference
Authors: Ivanov Yavor , Theeuwes Jan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent studies using the additional singleton paradigm have shown that regularities in distractor locations can cause biases in the spatial priority map, such that attentional capture by salient singletons is reduced for locations that are likely to contain distractors. It has been suggested that this type of suppression is proactive (i.e., occurring before display onset). The current study replicated the original findings using an online version of the task. To further assess the suppression of high-probability locations, we employed a congruence manipulation similar to the traditional flanker effect, where distractors could be either congruent or incongruent with the response to the target. Experiment 1 shows that through statistical learning distractor suppression reduces the interference from incongruent distractors, as participants made less errors in high-probability versus low-probability conditions. In Experiment 2, participants were forced to search for a specific target feature (the so-called feature-search mode), which is assumed to allow participants to ignore distractors in a top-down manner. Yet even when this “top-down” search mode was employed, there was still a congruence effect when the distractor singleton was presented at the low-probability but not at the high-probability location. The absence, but not reversal, of a congruence effect at the high-probability location also further indicates that this distractor suppression mechanism is proactive. The results indicate that regardless of the search mode used, there is suppression of the high-probability location indicating that this location competes less for attention within the spatial priority map than all other locations.
Implicit consequentiality bias in English: A corpus of 300+ verbs
Authors: Garnham Alan , Vorthmann Svenja , Kaplanova Karolina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study provides implicit verb consequentiality norms for a corpus of 305 English verbs, for which Ferstl et al. (Behavior Research Methods, 43, 124-135, 2011) previously provided implicit causality norms. An online sentence completion study was conducted, with data analyzed from 124 respondents who completed fragments such as “John liked Mary and so…”. The resulting bias scores are presented in an Appendix, with more detail in supplementary material in the University of Sussex Research Data Repository (via 10.25377/sussex.c.5082122), where we also present lexical and semantic verb features: frequency, semantic class and emotional valence of the verbs. We compare our results with those of our study of implicit causality and with the few published studies of implicit consequentiality. As in our previous study, we also considered effects of gender and verb valence, which requires stable norms for a large number of verbs. The corpus will facilitate future studies in a range of areas, including psycholinguistics and social psychology, particularly those requiring parallel sentence completion norms for both causality and consequentiality.
On the Compatibility of Ground-based and Space-based Data: WASP-96 b, an Example*
Authors: Yip Kai Hou , Changeat Quentin , Edwards Billy , Morvan Mario , Chubb Katy L. , Tsiaras Angelos , Waldmann Ingo P. , Tinetti Giovanna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The study of exoplanetary atmospheres relies on detecting minute changes in the transit depth at different wavelengths. To date, a number of ground- and space-based instruments have been used to obtain transmission spectra of exoplanets in different spectral bands. One common practice is to combine observations from different instruments in order to achieve a broader wavelength coverage. We present here two inconsistent observations of WASP-96 b, one by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the other by the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We present two key findings in our investigation: (1) a strong water signature is detected via the HST WFC3 observations and (2) a notable offset in transit depth (>1100 ppm) can be seen when the ground-based and space-based observations are combined. The discrepancy raises the question of whether observations from different instruments could indeed be combined. We attempt to align the observations by including an additional parameter in our retrieval studies but are unable to definitively ascertain that the aligned observations are indeed compatible. The case of WASP-96 b signals that compatibility of instruments should not be assumed. While wavelength overlaps between instruments can help, it should be noted that combining data sets remains risky business. The difficulty of combining observations also strengthens the need for next-generation instruments that possess broader spectral coverage.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: Oxygen Abundance in the Galactic Thin and Thick Disks*
Authors: Franchini Mariagrazia , Morossi Carlo , Di Marcantonio Paolo , Chavez Miguel , Adibekyan Vardan , Bensby Thomas , Bragaglia Angela , Gonneau Anais , Heiter Ulrike , Kordopatis Georges , Magrini Laura , Romano Donatella , Sbordone Luca , Smiljanic Rodolfo , Tautvaišienė Gražina , Gilmore Gerry , Randich Sofia , Bayo Amelia , Carraro Giovanni , Morbidelli Lorenzo , Zaggia Simone 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We analyze the oxygen abundances of a stellar sample representative of the two major Galactic populations: the thin and thick disks. The aim is to investigate the differences between members of the Galactic disks and contribute to the understanding of the origin of oxygen chemical enrichment in the Galaxy. The analysis is based on the [O i] = 6300.30 Å oxygen line in high-resolution spectra (R ∼ 52,500) obtained from the Gaia-ESO public spectroscopic Survey (GES). By comparing the observed spectra with a theoretical data set computed in LTE with the SPECTRUM synthesis and ATLAS12 codes, we derive the oxygen abundances of 516 FGK dwarfs for which we have previously measured carbon abundances. Based on kinematic, chemical, and dynamical considerations, we identify 20 thin and 365 thick disk members. We study the potential trends of both subsamples in terms of their chemistry ([O/H], [O/Fe], [O/Mg], and [C/O] versus [Fe/H] and [Mg/H]), age, and position in the Galaxy. The main results are that (a) [O/H] and [O/Fe] ratios versus [Fe/H] show systematic differences between thin and thick disk stars with an enhanced O abundance of thick disk stars with respect to thin disk members and a monotonic decrement of [O/Fe] with increasing metallicity, even at metal-rich regime; (b) there is a smooth correlation of [O/Mg] with age in both populations, suggesting that this abundance ratio can be a good proxy of stellar ages within the Milky Way; and (c) thin disk members with [Fe/H] ≃ 0 display a [C/O] ratio smaller than the solar value, suggesting a possibly outward migration of the Sun from lower Galactocentric radii.
Properties of the Sheath Regions of Coronal Mass Ejections with or without Shocks from STEREO in situ Observations near 1 au
Authors: Salman Tarik M. , Lugaz Noé , Farrugia Charles J. , Winslow Reka M. , Jian Lan K. , Galvin Antoinette B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We examine 188 coronal mass ejections (CMEs) measured by the twin Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft during 2007–2016 to investigate the generic features of the CME sheath and the magnetic ejecta (ME) and dependencies of average physical parameters of the sheath on the ME. We classify the CMEs into three categories, focusing on whether the ME drives both a shock and sheath, or only a sheath, or neither, near 1 au. We also re-evaluate our initial classification through an automated algorithm and visual inspection. We observe that even for leading-edge speeds greater than 500 km s−1, 1 out of 4 MEs do not drive shocks near 1 au. MEs driving both shocks and sheaths are the fastest and propagate in high magnetosonic solar wind, whereas MEs driving only sheaths are the slowest and propagate in low magnetosonic solar wind. Our statistical and superposed epoch analyses indicate that all parameters are more enhanced in the sheath regions following shocks than in sheaths without shocks. However, differences within sheaths become statistically less significant for similar driving MEs. We also find that the radial thickness of ME-driven sheaths apparently has no clear linear correlation with the speed profile and associated Mach numbers of the driver.
The Impact of the Mass Spectrum of Lenses in Quasar Microlensing Studies. Constraints on a Mixed Population of Primordial Black Holes and Stars
Authors: Esteban-Gutiérrez A. , Agües-Paszkowsky N. , Mediavilla E. , Jiménez-Vicente J. , Muñoz J. A. , Heydenreich S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We show that quasar microlensing magnification statistics induced by a population of point microlenses distributed according to a mass spectrum can be very well approximated by that of a single-mass, monochromatic, population. When the spatial resolution (physically defined by the source size) is small compared with the Einstein radius, the mass of the monochromatic population matches the geometric mean (GM) of the mass spectrum. Otherwise, the best-fit mass can be larger. Taking into account the degeneracy with the GM, the interpretation of quasar microlensing observations under the hypothesis of a mixed population of primordial black holes and stars makes the existence of a significant population of intermediate mass black holes (∼100M
⊙) unlikely but allows, within a 2σ confidence interval, the presence of a large population (≳40% of the total mass) of substellar black holes (∼0.01M
⊙).
The Rapid Variability of Wave Electric Fields Within and Near Quasiperpendicular Interplanetary Shock Ramps: STEREO Observations
Authors: Cohen Z. A. , Cattell C. A. , Breneman A. W. , Davis L. , Grul P. , Kersten K. , Wilson III L. B. , Wygant J. R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present STEREO observations within 1500 proton gyroradii of 12 quasiperpendicular interplanetary shocks, with long-duration burst mode electric field acquisition by S/WAVES enabling observation of the evolution of waves throughout the entire ramp of interplanetary shocks. The shocks are low Mach number (M

f
∼ 1–5), with beta (β) ∼0.2–1.8. High variability in frequency, amplitude, and wave mode is observed upstream, downstream, and in shock ramps. Observations in every region include ion acoustic-like waves, electron cyclotron drift instability (ECDI) driven waves, electrostatic solitary waves, and high frequency whistler mode waves. We also show for the first time the existence of electrostatic waves with frequencies in the ion acoustic range, which are frequency dispersed in time and the first observations of ECDI-driven waves at interplanetary shocks. The waves are bursty, large amplitude (∼5–>200 mV m−1), and seen in all three regions. All wave modes are more commonly observed downstream than upstream.