bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of the newborn baby of a mother with suspected or confirmed Covid-19 positivity
Authors: Golin R , Conversano E , Lo Menzo S , Peruzzetto C A , Piovan V , Rizzardi E , Ramina P , Rulli R , Spinello M C , Zilli E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Sars-CoV-2 pandemic has created concern and uncertainty about the management of the newborn and breastfeeding, particularly if the mother has suspected or known coronavirus positivity. In our neonatology department, a second-level center, separate pathways were defined for Covid-positive (or suspected) and Covid-free patients at the beginning of March 2020; isolation rooms were identified, and indications were given regarding the management of the newborn in the delivery room and within the Neonatal Pathology department, with the aim of preventing the spread of the SARS-Cov-2 infection and encouraging breastfeeding.
Resuscitation of the newborn occurs according to the recommended guidelines, taking care to quickly clean the newborn of the mother's blood and fluids. At the end of the stabilization of the newborn, four scenarios can occur: Newborn who does not require intensive care, born of a mother in good condition and with a positive SARS-CoV-2 swab; follows the mother as she is transferred to the maternal ward of the Covid Hospital (superHub Padova).Newborn born to a suspected mother, who does not require intensive or semi-intensive assistance; can be managed by favoring rooming-in, compatibly with the mother's conditions.Newborn who needs intensive or semi-intensive care for neonatal reasons, born from a suspected or SARS-CoV2-positive mother; requires STEN - Neonatal Emergency Transport Service, according to the procedure and dedicated routes.Newborn born to a positive or suspected mother, who has severe symptoms of respiratory infection or general state impairment; will be separated from the mother and placed in semi-intensive isolation in a dedicated incubator in the neonatal ward.
This paper provides a proposal for the management of the newborn born to a suspected or coronavirus-positive mother, and was formulated to avoid the spread of the infection and to implement neonatal care.

Key messages
A proposal for the management of the newborn born to a suspected or coronavirus-positive mother formulated to avoid the spread of the infection and to implement neonatal care in second-level centers. Operational indications for the management of the newborn baby of a mother with suspected or confirmed Covid-19 positivity and neonatal care in second-level centers.
An urban, community-based whole of systems approach to address childhood overweight and obesity
Authors: Wardle K , Maitland N , Allender S , Jalaludin B , Haigh F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In 2015 two billion people were estimated to be above a healthy weight globally, contributing to a rapid increase of non-communicable diseases. Evidence indicates multi-faceted and community-led interventions are most effective in addressing the complexity of childhood overweight and obesity. Campbelltown - Changing our Future is a practical example of an urban, community-based whole of system approach to identify, develop and implement community-led interventions to address this issue.

Methods
Key community stakeholders and leaders, who had power to change environments and norms, were engaged in a series of three workshops to develop a systems map. A Group Model Building (GMB) framework was used across the workshops to facilitate community perception of the key factors that compose the system that influences childhood overweight and obesity within an urban community. Community members were asked to identify and commit to community-led actions to effect change on various elements of the system.

Results
Over 200 community members were engaged in the GMB process, establishing the following systems map themes: physical activity and sedentary behaviour, healthy eating, knowledge and education and social factors. A further 200 community members are contributing to 90 ongoing community-led comprehensive interventions to address childhood overweight and obesity.

Conclusions
Over 90 actions are active within the community, ranging from high profile athletes’ role modelling reading to children through to a Council healthy food and drink policy. These actions contribute to creating change across multiple levels of the system, an effective, sustainable solution to addressing childhood overweight and obesity.

Key messages
Practical implementation of a whole of system approach in an urban community produces community-led action. A whole of systems approach facilitates community engagement to address complex issues.
Are ambulatory care sensitive conditions a valid indicator for quality of primary health care?
Authors: Keskimäki I , Satokangas M , Lumme S , Partanen V-M , Arffman M , Manderbacka K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Hospitalisations due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) have been used for assessing access to and quality of primary health care (PHC) in many countries. To assess the validity of ACSCs for assessing PHC performance we carried out a series of studies on regional and sociodemographic variations and time trends in ACSC hospitalisations and related mortality.

Methods
Hospitalisations due to ACSCs in Finland in 1992-2013 came from the national Hospital Discharge Register. The data were linked to population at risk data and individual sociodemographic indicators from Statistics Finland, and subsequently to area indicators of population health and socioeconomics, and health care organisation. Depending on study questions, we analysed ACSCs divided into acute, chronic and vaccine-preventable causes using appropriate statistical methods, such as multilevel Poisson models and trajectory modelling.

Results
We found ACSC hospitalisations to be highly associated to subsequent mortality with 4-10-fold excess 1-year mortality compared to the general population. ACSC hospitalisations showed substantial regional variations which declined over the study period due to decreasing variations in hospitalisations related to chronic ACSCs. The variations were mainly attributed to the hospital district level. In detailed analyses, about a quarter of the variance in ACSC hospitalisations was explained by individual level socioeconomic and health factors. In addition, population health indicators and factors related to hospital care organisation explained up to one third of the variance.

Conclusions
At patient level a hospitalisation due to ACSC is a sentinel event and associated to a high risk of poor health outcomes. However, using ACSC for benchmarking PHC providers should be addressed with caution and differences in sociodemographic factors and (co)morbidity of populations at risk, and regional heath and hospital care arrangements should be taken into account.

Key messages
Variations in hospitalisations due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions may mainly be linked to other factors than access to and quality of primary health care. More research is needed to validate ambulatory care sensitive conditions for use in assessing primary health care.
Monitoring health inequalities to inform action- the Pan-Canadian Health Inequalities Reporting Initiative
Authors: Miszkurka M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Improving national health inequalities monitoring and reporting systems is critical for informing effective action to improve health equity. The Pan-Canadian Health Inequalities Reporting Initiative (HIRI) provides a foundation of data and evidence to support collaborative efforts to reduce health inequalities in Canada.
HIRI is led by the Public Health Agency of Canada, in collaboration with the Pan-Canadian Public Health Network, Statistics Canada, First Nation Information Governance Centre and other partners. HIRI brings together inequity measures for more than 100 indicators of health outcomes, risk factors, and social determinants of health disaggregated across a range of socioeconomic and sociodemographic variables meaningful to health equity including: sex/gender; age; income; education; employment; occupation; immigrant status; Indigenous identity; race/ethnicity; urban/rural residence; material and social deprivation, functional health/participation and activity limitation and sexual orientation.
HIRI aims to strengthen health inequalities measurement, monitoring, and reporting capacity in Canada. It informs policy and program decision making to more effectively reduce health inequalities, and enables the monitoring of progress in this area.
This presentation will provide an overview of the HIRI along with the key health inequalities in Canada. It will elaborate on the importance of the engagement with multiple partners in creating a broad range of data and knowledge translation products, and discuss how making it accessible to others: Allows for a comprehensive and systematic assessment of the state of health inequalities in CanadaSupports focused action through increased access to health inequalities knowledgePromotes collaboration and accountability for the reduction of health inequalities in order to achieve SDGs
Using research sponsorship to skew the evidence base towards policies and interventions that favour industry
Authors: Fabbri A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In recent years, commercial organizations have become more and more prominent in research sponsorship. However, these arrangements pose high risks of bias to the research environment and consequently risks to public health. Corporate sponsorship can influence the design, conduct, and publication of research. Although more difficult to define, industry sponsorship can also influence the research agenda, namely the initial step in conducting research, during which the research questions are chosen.
The results of a scoping review on influence of industry sponsorship on research agendas will be presented to delegates. In this review, we found that corporations adopted similar strategies across different industry sectors. Corporations fund research that can be used to promote their products, distract from their harms, support their policy and legal positions, and decrease regulation of their products. By influencing the research agenda, corporate interests have the potential to influence public debate and policy-making.
Assessing the public health impact of climate change in Wales
Authors: Green L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In April 2019, Wales declared a climate emergency. Public Health Wales commissioned a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) to assess the potential impact of Climate Change on the population of Wales to be carried out to inform key strategic decision makers to understand/plan for the potential differential health impacts that may occur in Wales from climate change.
A comprehensive mixed-method HIA was conducted over a 6-month period in 2019/20. A review of peer-reviewed evidence on the potential impact of climate change/climate change events on health and population groups and a review of grey literature on direct impacts such as the environment, mental wellbeing and health care settings was conducted. The search was undertaken using MEDLINE, Embase, Proquest. 2 stakeholder workshops, qualitative interviews, a community health profile utilising recognised data sources (i.e. The National Survey for Wales) and a survey to identify the publics' views on climate change were also carried out. All findings were analysed, synthesized and collated into a report.
The HIA initial findings indicate significant potential impacts across the wider determinants of health and mental well-being i.e. Air quality, excess heat/cold; flooding; economic productivity; working conditions; access to services; infrastructure; and community resilience. A range of impacts were identified across population groups, settings, geographical areas including urban and rural contexts; outdoor workers; children and young people; older people; schools; hospitals/care homes and workplaces.
The impacts identified are both confirmed and potential. Undertaken in a short timeframe, the findings have been beneficial to inform decision-makers to prepare for Climate Change plans/policies using an evidence-informed approach. The work has demonstrated the value of a HIA approach for significant, complex policies by mobilising a range of evidence through a transparent process, resulting in transferrable learning for others.
Indicators to monitor policy progress in health adaptation to climate change: do they really do the job?
Authors: Sanchez Martinez G , von der Pahlen MC Tirado , Kendrovski V , Linares C , Diaz J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There is a need for urgent adaptive action to protect human health against climate change. Overall assessments based on a selection of indicators suggest that we are unable to cope with current climate impacts on health and unprepared to respond to increased pressures on climate-sensitive exposures and outcomes.
The health sector has been addressing climate adaptation to health, through siloed approaches limited to the health system, which reduces their capacity and effectiveness. Successful strategies for addressing climate and environmental degradation challenges to health, and related issues such as environmental health, nutrition or equity, require integrated adaptation approaches among the health systems, social protection systems, water and sanitation systems, urban planning, environmental health and climate services among others. For example, integrated monitoring and surveillance (human-animal-environmental-ecosystems health) is critical for the early identification of emerging risks, diseases or trends, and for resource planning and evaluation of the adaptation and control strategies. In addition, when climate and health indicators are put to use for prevention, and eventually adaptation, they are also frequently used in isolation, disregarding interactions. For example, early warning systems for the prevention of climate-influenced impacts on health, such as Heat Health Action Plans, air pollution warnings or allergenic pollen information systems are usually activated individually commonly fail to address the synergies across various climate-related or climate-aggravated exposures. Since various of those exposures tend to occur concurrently (e.g. heat, anthropogenic air pollution from thermal inversions, and Saharan dust intrusions), failure to integrate them in prevention efforts could affect their effectiveness and reach. Thus, there is a need to carry out an integrative approach for the multiple effects that climate change has on population health.
An overview of food insecurity in Europe and what works and what doesn’t work to tackle food insecurity
Authors: Loopstra R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Data based on the FAO's Food Insecurity Experience Scale suggest prevalence rates as low as 3.1% in some countries, to more than 20% in others across Europe. In the past two decades, rising food bank use suggests a growing problem of severe food insecurity and is symptomatic of a lack of systematic governmental responses to hunger. In this absence, charities are often relied on to fill the gaps in the social security net.
The pairing of the problem of hunger with the problem of food waste often fuels further development and entrenchment of charitable food redistribution through food banks, even though there is little evidence that these responses effectively reduce food insecurity. Research on the impacts of social security interventions, however, evidence the close links between these and food insecurity.
How provision through social security systems can additionally accommodate the acquisition of sustainable and nutritious food is a challenge for the future, as current social security rates are often well below costs of living. These challenges reflect the need for systems thinking for tackling the challenges of sustainability, food insecurity, and low household incomes, underpinned by underemployment, low wages, unemployment, disability and caregiving.
The Mobility Transition in Health Professional Emigration
Authors: Nwadiuko J , Rao K , Paina L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Human resources for health (HRH) emigration is a topic of great concern to policymakers. In what is called the “mobility transition”, emigration rates for the general population follow an inverted U-shaped curve, with migration rising at a positive relationship to GDP/capita until source countries reach a GDP/capita of $7,000 or more, after which emigration rates fall. It is unclear whether HRH emigration trends follow a similar pattern.

Methods
We drew OECD-destination physician and nurse emigration data from the OECD.Stat database from 2000-2016 and charted it against real GDP/capita (2011 $ international). We censored data from small island states and country-years with known coups or conflicts. We fit a mixed-effects model testing for a quadratic (U-shaped) relationship between the natural log of real GDP/capita and annual emigration flows, controlled for source country physician/nurse density and year.

Results
We drew data from 145 sending countries and 28 destination countries over 17 years. Scatter and fitted trend plots showed a regular, not inverted, U-shaped distribution of physician/nurse emigration rates, with low-income countries represented on the left end of the curve (with declining emigration with increasing GDP/capita) and high income, European nations represented on the rightmost end (with rising emigration with increasing GDP/capita) after an inflection point around $7,000 GDP/capita. Model estimates demonstrated a significant positive quadratic relationship between the natural log of GDP/capita and physician (p = 0.005) but not nurse emigration rates when controlled for other variables.

Conclusions
There appears to be a mobility transition in HRH emigration rates, with an increase in HRH emigration with rising GDP/capita in countries with greater than $7,000 GDP/capita. Of note, some European nations have emigration rates of similar magnitude to low-income African nations, likely due to relatively relaxed EU mobility regulations.

Key messages
Physician Emigration Trends follow a U-shaped transition with elevated rates in low- and high-income countries and depressed rates in middle income countries. Some European nations have emigration rates similar to low-income African/Asian countries.
Strengthening the public health workforce in Slovakia through professionalization
Authors: Katreniakova Z , Kallayova D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Issue
The Coalition of Partners (CoP) takes collective action to strengthen public health (PH) services and capacities across the WHO European Region. A review of the implementation of the European Action Plan for Strengthening PH Capacities and Services showed that, despite robust action, its potential remained largely unrealized. In 2017-2018 Slovakia has joined the WHO activities aimed to accelerate a progress in Europe and in individual Member States. One of the main problem of the Slovak PH system is a lack of experts and unbalanced infrastructure.

Description of the problem
The critical shortage of PH workforce in Slovakia is a result of increasing retirement of physicians, decreasing interest of young physicians and PH professionals to enter to PH practice, and limited opportunities for other professionals in the current PH system. Therefore, the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Public Health Authority of the SR, the relevant academic institutions and non-governmental organisations agreed to deal with strengthening the PH workforce and took the responsibility for mobilizing the resources needed to implement the Agenda for Action.

Results
In September 2019, regional PH institutes, universities, professional associations, and other experts were invited to evaluate the PH workforce professionalization using a rapid assessment tool (Czabanowska, Slock, 2019). In October-December 2019, three national round tables were held with aim to formulate the areas for cooperation. In February 2020, the core team and three expertś teams were nominated by the State secretary of the MOH to continue on prioritising the future recommendations in the fields of: education and training, research and development, system and financing.

Lessons
The initiative supporting PH professionalization has a potential to form a national CoP on strengthening PH capacities and services. Its long-term vision is focused on effectively and efficiently governed PH system in Slovakia.

Key messages
In Slovakia, strengthening the public health workforce is essential. Started cooperation on supporting public health professionalization is an important step for future actions at national level.
We still dońt know who bleeds in Dengue. A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Boucsein J , Antia K , Deckert A , Horstick O , Nabieva J , Winkler V , Jänisch T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Already, Dengue affects 400 million individuals every year. Its main drivers, urbanization, globalization, and climate change, however, will spread the disease even further and potentially threaten billions. In Dengue, bleeding occurs frequently. Severe bleeding strongly increases mortality and immediate medical response is crucial for survival. Predicting the occurrence and course of bleeding in advance would improve clinical outcome, reduce unnecessary hospitalization, and improve economic efficiency.

Methods
Following the PRISMA-guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify predictors of bleeding in acute confirmed Dengue. We searched Pubmed, Web of Science, IRIS, LILACS, and the Cochrane Archives and included all prospective longitudinal studies restricting neither language nor study sample characteristics.

Results
We included 19 studies but found that most data suffered from high risk of bias because of poor reporting and not accounting for confounding. Only five studies were more reliable, and they unanimously reported that age-, and platelet count predicted bleeding severity. The body of evidence was too weak to draw conclusions for the other 23 markers investigated. Crucially, the researchers had defined central concepts in fundamentally different ways and thus prevented the comparison of their findings.

Conclusions
Our systematic review of the literature showed that more research is needed to create a reliable prediction model for bleeding in Dengue. We have moderate certainty that platelet count- and age predict bleeding severity. Our study exposed the urgent need to improve the quality of research in Dengue epidemiology. Most importantly, our findings illustrate the necessity to harmonize central concepts within the Dengue research community. To tackle the challenge that Dengue is bound to become, we need dialogue across research groups and collaboration that overcomes the limited impact of individual studies.

Key messages
We know too little about predictors of bleeding in Dengue. Reliable data is needed to identify new markers and to confirm existing markers that are carried by a weak body of evidence. We urge investigators to collaborate. To overcome the limitations of individual studies, we need better comparability and a scientific dialogue based on common definitions of core concepts in Dengue.