bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astyanax surface and cave fish morphs
Authors: Jeffery William R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe small teleost fish Astyanax mexicanus has emerged as an outstanding model for studying many biological topics in the context of evolution. A major attribute is conspecific surface dwelling (surface fish) and blind cave dwelling (cavefish) morphs that can be raised in the laboratory and spawn large numbers of transparent and synchronously developing embryos. More than 30 cavefish populations have been discovered, mostly in northeastern Mexico, and some are thought to have evolved independently from surface fish ancestors, providing excellent models of parallel and convergent evolution. Cavefish have evolved eye and pigmentation regression, as well as modifications in brain morphology, behaviors, heart regenerative capacity, metabolic processes, and craniofacial organization. Thus, the Astyanax model provides researchers with natural “mutants” to study life in the challenging cave environment. The application of powerful genetic approaches based on hybridization between the two morphs and between the different cavefish populations are key advantages for deciphering the developmental and genetic mechanisms regulating trait evolution. QTL analysis has revealed the genetic architectures of gained and lost traits. In addition, some cavefish traits resemble human diseases, offering novel models for biomedical research. Astyanax research is supported by genome assemblies, transcriptomes, tissue and organ transplantation, gene manipulation and editing, and stable transgenesis, and benefits from a welcoming and interactive research community that conducts integrated community projects and sponsors the International Astyanax Meeting (AIM).
Validation study on the geometric isomers from bulbs of Allium fistulosum and their conversion
Authors: Hwang Joo Tae , Ryuk Jin Ah , Kim Hye Jin , Jung Dong Ho , Ko Byoung Seob 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo discover new standard for the standardization of bulbs of Allium fistulosum (Chongbaek, Korean herbal name), twelve compounds (1–12) were isolated. Among them, a new HPLC/UV analysis method by selecting the five cinnamic acid amides (5–9) and two decursidate isomers (10 and 11), was fully validated. The developed analysis method showed sufficient reproducibility (< 2.58%) and accuracy (96.00–106.72%). Moreover, among compounds 5–11, only trans-isomers were verified from all four Chongbaek samples which produced in different regions, and this finding implied that the cis-forms were not originally nature compounds, thus, it led us to verify the conversion processes. The four trans-standard solutions and extracts of Chongbaek were converted to the cis- derivatives after 96 h of UV (254 nm) light exposure as 78.74% (6), 82.29% (8), and 63.99% (11) in solution and 82.38% (6), 62.91% (8), and 61.64% (11) in extracts. A verified analysis method using new indicators was developed for quality control of Chongbaek, as well as their stability control under UV light exposure. These results might be important for the industrial use of Chongbaek.
Personalizing symptom monitoring and contact tracing efforts through a COVID-19 web-app
Authors: Yap Kevin Yi-Lwern , Xie Qihuang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has sparked attention in many countries, especially those that have experienced a steep spike in the number of identified cases. The continued spread of the coronavirus suggests that this situation may be here to stay for a while. Contact tracing is a time-consuming and resource-intensive process, which taps on the already lean healthcare resource in certain countries. Furthermore, the massive infodemic on COVID-19 on the Internet has also resulted in widespread circulation of misinformation online. This outbreak has evoked irrational fear and anxiety from the public, which has resulted in destabilizing of societal norms, such as panic buying and hoarding of daily necessities, and can potentially pose serious health risks to the public. The aim of this paper is to present a COVID-19 Symptom Monitoring and Contact Tracking Record (CoV-SCR) web-app as a bottom-up, proactive approach to supplement the current management strategies for COVID-19.

Main text
The CoV-SCR web-app (http://bit.ly/covscrapp) enables individuals to keep a personal record of their close contacts and monitor their symptoms on a daily basis, so that they can provide relevant and accurate details when they see the doctor and during the contact tracing process. Individuals can record their temperature and rate their symptoms on a 5-point severity scale, as well as record details of their travel and contact history for the last 14 days. The recorded information will be sent to their e-mail address for potential symptom monitoring and contact tracing purposes. In addition, this web-app consolidates evidence-based information on the coronavirus from credible sources, such as the World Health Organization, countries’ health authorities, and PubMed literature.

Conclusions
A COVID-19 Symptom Monitoring and Contact Tracking web-app has been developed to facilitate contact tracing efforts through public engagement. This app serves an additional purpose of providing information about COVID-19 from reliable resources.
Isolation, identification and biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic nematodes occurring in Purvanchal and Bundelkhand regions of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Gowda Manjunatha T. , Patil Jagadeesh , R. Vijayakumar , Halder Jaydeep , Veereshkumar  , Divekar Pratap A. , Rai A. B. , Singh Jagdish 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are being used for the management of insect pests occurring in both agricultural and horticultural crops. But native EPNs are reasonably more efficacious in controlling insect pests than introduced EPNs species because they are adapted to local environmental conditions and insect pests. Therefore, in the present study, a survey was conducted to isolate EPNs at 4 districts of Purvanchal Region and 1 district of Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh, India, between 2016 and 2017 years. Out of 130 soil samples, EPNs were recovered from 3 soil samples (2.3%). Morphological characters examination and ITS-rDNA region revealed that the 3 EPNs such asSteinernemasp. (IIVR JNC01 strain)Steinernemasp. (IIVR JNC02 strain), andSteinernemasp. (IIVR EPN03 strain) are belonging toSteinernema siamkayai.Further pathogenicity of all these strains was tested onGalleria mellonellaLinnaeus and the most effective strain was used to determine the biocontrol potential against lepidopteran and coleopteran pests of major vegetable crops in comparison to commercially availableHeterorhabditis indica(NBAIIH38 strain). Results revealed thatS. siamkayai(IIVR JNC01 strain) caused 100, 100, and 85%, mortality of 3rdinstar larvae ofSpodoptera lituraFabricius,Spilosoma obliquaWalker, andSpoladea recurvalisFabricius, respectively. Similarly,S. siamkayai(IIVR JNC01 strain) caused 92.5% mortality of 2ndinstar grubs ofMyllocerus subfaciatusGurein under laboratory conditions. The present study revealed that EPNs commonly present at Purvanchal and Bundelkhand regions of Uttar Pradesh andS. siamkayai(IIVR JNC01 strain) isolated from the Bundelkhand Region showed a good biocontrol potential against major insect pests of vegetable crops.
Positron Emission Tomography–Directed Therapy for Patients With Limited-Stage Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Results of Intergroup National Clinical Trials Network Study S1001
Authors: Persky Daniel O. , Li Hongli , Stephens Deborah M. , Park Steven I. , Bartlett Nancy L. , Swinnen Lode J. , Barr Paul M. , Winegarden Jerome D. , Constine Louis S. , Fitzgerald Thomas J. , Leonard John P. , Kahl Brad S. , LeBlanc Michael L. , Song Joo Y. , Fisher Richard I. , Rimsza Lisa M. , Smith Sonali M. , Miller Thomas P. , Friedberg Jonathan W. 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSEDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) presents as a limited-stage disease in 25% to 30% of patients, with better overall survival (OS) than that for advanced-stage disease but with continuous relapse regardless of treatment approach. The preferred treatment is abbreviated rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) and radiation therapy. On the basis of promising results of positron emission tomography (PET)–directed treatment approaches, we designed a National Clinical Trials Network (NCTN) study to improve outcomes and decrease toxicity.METHODSPatients with nonbulky (< 10 cm) stage I/II untreated DLBCL received 3 cycles of standard R-CHOP therapy and underwent a centrally reviewed interim PET/computed tomography scan (iPET). Those with a negative iPET proceeded with 1 additional cycle of R-CHOP, whereas those with a positive iPET received involved field radiation therapy followed by ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy.RESULTSOf 158 patients enrolled, 132 were eligible and 128 underwent iPET, which was positive in 14 (11%) of the patients. With a median follow-up of 4.92 years (range, 1.1-7.7 years), only 6 patients progressed and 3 died as a result of lymphoma. Eleven patients died as a result of nonlymphoma causes at a median age of 80 years. The 5-year progression-free survival estimate was 87% (95% CI, 79% to 92%) and the OS estimate was 89% (95% CI, 82% to 94%), with iPET-positive and iPET-negative patients having similar outcomes.CONCLUSIONTo our knowledge, S1001 is the largest prospective study in the United States of limited-stage DLBCL in the rituximab era, with the best NCTN results in this disease subset. With PET-directed therapy, 89% of the patients with a negative iPET received R-CHOP × 4, and only 11% had a positive iPET and required radiation, with both groups having excellent outcomes. The trial establishes R-CHOP × 4 alone as the new standard approach to limited-stage disease for the absolute majority of patients.
Antiemetics: ASCO Guideline Update
Authors: Hesketh Paul J. , Kris Mark G. , Basch Ethan , Bohlke Kari , Barbour Sally Y. , Clark-Snow Rebecca Anne , Danso Michael A. , Dennis Kristopher , Dupuis L. Lee , Dusetzina Stacie B. , Eng Cathy , Feyer Petra C. , Jordan Karin , Noonan Kimberly , Sparacio Dee , Lyman Gary H. 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE To update the guideline to include new anticancer agents, antiemetics, and antiemetic regimens and to provide recommendations on the use of dexamethasone as a prophylactic antiemetic in patients receiving checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). METHODS ASCO convened an Expert Panel and updated the systematic review to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of RCTs published between June 1, 2016, and January 24, 2020. To address the dexamethasone and CPI question, we conducted a systematic review of RCTs that evaluated the addition of a CPI to chemotherapy. RESULTS The systematic reviews included 3 publications from the updated search and 10 publications on CPIs. Two phase III trials in adult patients with non–small-cell lung cancers evaluating a platinum-based doublet with or without the programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor pembrolizumab recommended that all patients receive dexamethasone as a component of the prophylactic antiemetic regimen. In both studies, superior outcomes were noted in the PD-1 inhibitor–containing arms. Other important findings address olanzapine in adults and fosaprepitant in pediatric patients. RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations for adults are unchanged with the exception of the option of adding olanzapine in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Dosing information now includes the option of a 5-mg dose of olanzapine in adults and intravenous formulations of aprepitant and netupitant-palonosetron. The option of fosaprepitant is added to pediatric recommendations. There is no clinical evidence to warrant omission of dexamethasone from guideline-compliant prophylactic antiemetic regimens when CPIs are administered to adults in combination with chemotherapy. CPIs administered alone or in combination with another CPI do not require the routine use of a prophylactic antiemetic. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/supportive-care-guidelines .
A Genome-Wide Pharmacogenetic Study of Growth Hormone Responsiveness
Authors: Dauber Andrew , Meng Yan , Audi Laura , Vedantam Sailaja , Weaver Benjamin , Carrascosa Antonio , Albertsson-Wikland Kerstin , Ranke Michael B , Jorge Alexander A L , Cara Jose , Wajnrajch Michael P , Lindberg Anders , Camacho-Hübner Cecilia , Hirschhorn Joel N 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContextIndividual patients vary in their response to growth hormone (GH). No large-scale genome-wide studies have looked for genetic predictors of GH responsiveness.ObjectiveTo identify genetic variants associated with GH responsiveness.DesignGenome-wide association study (GWAS).SettingCohorts from multiple academic centers and a clinical trial.PatientsA total of 614 individuals from 5 short stature cohorts receiving GH: 297 with idiopathic short stature, 276 with isolated GH deficiency, and 65 born small for gestational age.InterventionAssociation of more than 2 million variants was tested.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary analysis: individual single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association with first-year change in height standard deviation scores. Secondary analyses: SNP associations in clinical subgroups adjusted for clinical variables; association of polygenic score calculated from 697 genome-wide significant height SNPs with GH responsiveness.ResultsNo common variant associations reached genome-wide significance in the primary analysis. The strongest suggestive signals were found near the B4GALT4 and TBCE genes. After meta-analysis including replication data, signals at several loci reached or retained genome-wide significance in secondary analyses, including variants near ST3GAL6. There was no significant association with variants previously reported to be associated with GH response nor with a polygenic predicted height score.ConclusionsWe performed the largest GWAS of GH responsiveness to date. We identified 2 loci with a suggestive effect on GH responsiveness in our primary analysis and several genome-wide significant associations in secondary analyses that require further replication. Our results are consistent with a polygenic component to GH responsiveness, likely distinct from the genetic regulators of adult height.
The Immune Profile of Pituitary Adenomas and a Novel Immune Classification for Predicting Immunotherapy Responsiveness
Authors: Wang Zihao , Guo Xiaopeng , Gao Lu , Deng Kan , Lian Wei , Bao Xinjie , Feng Ming , Duan Lian , Zhu Huijuan , Xing Bing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Context
The tumor immune microenvironment is associated with clinical outcomes and immunotherapy responsiveness.

Objective
To investigate the intratumoral immune profile of pituitary adenomas (PAs) and its clinical relevance and to explore a novel immune classification for predicting immunotherapy responsiveness.

Design, Patients, and Methods
The transcriptomic data from 259 PAs and 20 normal pituitaries were included for analysis. The ImmuCellAI algorithm was used to estimate the abundance of 24 types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and the expression of immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs).

Results
The distributions of TIICs differed between PAs and normal pituitaries and varied among PA subtypes. T cells dominated the immune microenvironment across all subtypes of PAs. The tumor size and patient age were correlated with the TIIC abundance, and the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) mutation in corticotroph adenomas influenced the intratumoral TIIC distributions. Three immune clusters were identified across PAs based on the TIIC distributions. Each cluster of PAs showed unique features of ICM expression that were correlated with distinct pathways related to tumor development and progression. CTLA4/CD86 expression was upregulated in cluster 1, whereas programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD1/PD-L2) expression was upregulated in cluster 2. Clusters 1 and 2 exhibited a “hot” immune microenvironment and were predicted to exhibit higher immunotherapy responsiveness than cluster 3, which exhibited an overall “cold” immune microenvironment.

Conclusions
We summarized the immune profile of PAs and identified 3 novel immune clusters. These findings establish a foundation for further immune studies on PAs and provide new insights into immunotherapy strategies for PAs.
Improvement Parameters of Hydrogen Generation from Water under Stainless-Steel-Mediated Ball Milling Conditions
Authors: Itoh Miki , Sawama Yoshinari , Niikawa Miki , Ban Kazuho , Kawajiri Takahiro , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mechanochemical energy derived from the collision and friction among stainless-steel (SUS304) balls and a vessel by a planetary ball mill machine effectively facilitated H2 generation from H2O. The number and size of the balls significantly affected the H2 generation efficiency. Additionally, the change in the crystal structure of the stainless-steel between the austenite and martensite states was also an important factor in improving the H2 generation efficiency.
Inhaled therapy for asthma
Authors: Booth Andrew 
Published: July 2020

Andrew Booth explains why this is the preferred − and more successful − method when managing asthmaInhaled therapy is key to the successful treatment of asthma. National guidelines provide us with the aim of asthma management, which is to maintain control of the disease. The correct combination of drug and device can be individually tailored to the patient. Drugs consist of bronchodilators and anti-inflammatories. Devices consist of aerosol inhalers, also known as pressurised metered dose inhalers, and dry powder inhalers. Both the drug and the device need to be prescribed if the treatment is to be clinically effective. A combination of inhaled steroid with long-acting B2 agonist is one of the most clinically effective ways of delivering asthma treatment. This can be prescribed either as a fixed daily dose with a concomitant short-acting B2 agonist as a reliever, or as maintenance and reliever therapy, which has been shown to improve asthma control and reduce exacerbations.
The nurse leader as a coach: Is the tide turning?
Authors: Best Catherine 
Published: July 2020

As the demographics of the nursing workforce change, attitudes to some kinds of workforce development are shifting. This article looks at how leaders of nursing teams can act as coaches, to improve their junior colleagues' practice As a new generation of nurses enter the profession and take their rightful place as registered nurses and as new pre-registration nursing standards have now replaced old, the profession is perhaps uniquely poised to take a step further and embrace coaching as a viable form of academic and professional support, either working alongside or replacing the traditional model of mentorship. With the nursing literature continuing to highlight the importance of coaching, this paper will argue that ‘The Tide is indeed…Turning’ and that coaching with its emphasis on empowerment should be given a ‘strong seat at the table’ of nurse education, with nursing leaders in particular adopting this considered approach to responsible learning.
Manufacturing of a microlens array mold by a two-step method combining
microindentation and precision polishing
Authors: Zhang Lin , Yi Allen Y. 
Published: July 2020

A novel two-step method for manufacturing microlens array molds by
combining microindentation and precision polishing is proposed.
Compared with conventional manufacturing methods, such as single-point
diamond turning, this two-step method, as an alternative method,
presents great advantages on cost and flexibility on spherical
microlens array mold fabrication. Various curvatures of radii and
arrangements for microlens array molds can be fabricated in the same
way. In this paper, a hexagonal microlens array with 1.58 mm curvature
radius was demonstrated to prove the feasibility of the proposed
method. First, a large number of precise steel balls were organized in
hexagonal arrangement and pressed into the mold’s surface to generate
multiple microdimples. Second, the pileups around the microdimples
were removed from the mold surface by precision polishing. The
geometrical accuracy and surface quality were investigated by an
optical surface profiler. The measurement indicated that, compared
with the initial surface, the surface inside the dimple had
significantly higher hardness and better surface quality than that of
the steel balls. Then the microlens array on the mold was further
replicated to poly(methyl methacrylate) substrates by a precision
compression molding process. The experimental results showed that the
fabricated mold and the polymer replicas have high fidelity, great
uniformity, and good surface roughness. The proposed two-step, low-cost
mold fabrication method can produce highly uniform microlens arrays
and is therefore suitable for high-volume fabrication of precise
optical elements such as integrated light-emitting diodes and other
similar micro-optics.
Diagnosa Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) menggunakan Metode Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ)
Authors: Tawakal Firman , Azkiya Ahmedika 
Published: July 2020

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a disease that is carried and transmitted through the mosquito Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus which is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions such as in Indonesia to Northern Australia. in 2013 there are 2.35 million reported cases, which is 37,687 case is heavy cases of DHF. DHF’s symthoms have a similarity with typhoid fever, it often occur wrong handling. Therefore we need a system that is able to diagnose the disease suffered by patients, so that they can recognize whether the patient has DHF or Typhoid. The system will be built using Neural Network Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) based on the best training results. This research is to diagnose Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever using LVQ with input parameters are hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, and heritrocytes. Based on result, the best accuracy is 97,14% with Mean Square Error (MSE) is 0.028571 with 84 train data and 36 test data. Conclution from the research is LVQ method can diagnose DHF Keywords: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever; Learning Vector Quantization; classification; Neural Network;