bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Reflow Temperature on Time at the End of Gravity Zone (Tgz) of Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu Solder Alloy
Authors: Panikar Ramanandan Santhanu , Skanda V. Amogha , Tikale Sanjay , Prabhu K. Narayan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The reflow time for solder until the end of the gravity zone (Tgz) is considered to be the optimum reflow time for obtaining high mechanical performance from lead-free solders. In the present work, the effect of reflow time and temperature on Tgz of Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu (SAC387) lead-free solder alloy reflowed on the copper substrate has been investigated. The evolution of interfacial microstructure and solder bond shear strength under different reflow temperatures and time was assessed. Solder balls weighing 0.08 ± 0.01 g were reflowed at 260°C, 280°C, and 300°C for reflow times of 30 s, 60 s, 120 s, and 240 s. Times at the end of the gravity zone for SAC387 solder were obtained as 110 ± 5 s, 55 ± 5 s, and 23 ± 3 s for reflow temperatures of 260°C, 280°C and 300°C, respectively. The contact angle for SAC387 solder on the copper substrate at Tgz was found to be 25.5° ± 0.2° for all reflow temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of a Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound (IMC) layer at the interface. The IMC layer thickness increased with increase in reflow temperature and time. Maximum solder joint strength was obtained at Tgz reflow times for all reflow temperatures. Microstructures of samples reflowed beyond the gravity zone showed secondary Cu6Sn5 precipitation in the solder bulk. The present investigation reveals a reduction in Tgz reflow time for SAC387 lead-free solder at higher operating reflow temperatures.
Violência e discriminação contra profissionais de saúde em tempos de novo coronavírus / Violence and discrimination against healthcare workers in times of new coronavirus
Authors: Aydogdu Ana Luiza Ferreira 
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: refletir sobre o aumento da violência e da discriminação deferidas aos profissionais de saúde em razão da pandemia do novo coronavírus. Método: reflexão teórica baseada na leitura, análise e interpretação de reportagens, artigos científicos e relatórios sobre violência e discriminação aos profissionais que atuam no combate ao novo coronavírus. Resultados: por ser uma doença nova, ainda existem muitas incertezas a seu respeito, o que pode levar ao surgimento de violência e preconceito aos profissionais de saúde. Foi justamente o que aconteceu, quando a população erroneamente começou a ver o profissional de saúde como um disseminador de doenças. Organizações internacionais pedem que governantes de todo mundo tomem providências, procurando proteger as equipes de saúde de se tornarem vítimas de violência e discriminação. Conclusões: administradores hospitalares e governantes precisam criar medidas, visando impedir que essas agressões e discriminações ocorram.
Resgate arqueológico dos sítios Evangelista e Igrejinha, em Prados/MG
Authors: Enéas Paulo Eduardo de Oliveira , Noronha Inês de Oliveira 
Published: May 2020

O presente relatório visa divulgar os resultados obtidos com a realização do Resgate Arqueológico no âmbito do licenciamento ambiental para a ampliação do empreendimento Mina Fazenda Invernada e Mata do Ribeirão, em Prados/MG. Os trabalhos foram realizados em um sítio histórico e três sítios arqueológicos cerâmicos, dentre eles o SAPH Evangelista e o SAPH Igrejinha, objetos desse texto.

Abstract: This report brings the results obtained with the execution of the Archaeological Rescue in the scope of environmental licensing for the expansion of the Fazenda Invernada and Mata do Ribeirão project in Prados/MG. The works were carried out in a historical site and three ceramic archaeological sites, among them the SAPH Evangelista and SAPH Igrejinha, objects of this text.
A Multimodal Genotoxic Anticancer Drug Characterized by Pharmacogenetic Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ye Frank B , Hamza Akil , Singh Tejomayee , Flibotte Stephane , Hieter Philip , O’Neil Nigel J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
New anticancer therapeutics require extensive in vivo characterization to identify endogenous and exogenous factors affecting efficacy, to measure toxicity and mutagenicity, and to determine genotypes that result in therapeutic sensitivity or resistance. We used Caenorhabditis elegans as a platform with which to characterize properties of the anticancer therapeutic CX-5461. To understand the processes that respond to CX-5461-induced damage, we generated pharmacogenetic profiles for a panel of C. elegans DNA replication and repair mutants with common DNA-damaging agents for comparison with the profile of CX-5461. We found that multiple repair pathways, including homology-directed repair, microhomology-mediated end joining, nucleotide excision repair, and translesion synthesis, were needed for CX-5461 tolerance. To determine the frequency and spectrum of CX-5461-induced mutations, we used a genetic balancer to capture CX-5461-induced mutations. We found that CX-5461 is mutagenic, resulting in both large copy number variations and a high frequency of single-nucleotide variations (SNVs), which are consistent with the pharmacogenetic profile for CX-5461. Whole-genome sequencing of CX-5461-exposed animals found that CX-5461-induced SNVs exhibited a distinct mutational signature. We also phenocopied the CX-5461 photoreactivity observed in clinical trials and demonstrated that CX-5461 generates reactive oxygen species when exposed to UVA radiation. Together, the data from C. elegans demonstrate that CX-5461 is a multimodal DNA-damaging anticancer agent.
On hamiltonicity of uniform random intersection graphs
Authors: Bloznelis Mindaugas , Radavičius Irmantas 
Published: May 2020

We give a sufficient condition for the hamiltonicity of the uniform random intersection graph G{n,m,d}. It is a graph on n vertices, where each vertex is assigned d keys drawn independently at random from a given set of m keys, and where any two vertices establish an edge whenever they share at least one common key. We show that with probability tending to 1 the graph Gn,m,d has a Hamilton cycle provided that n = 2-1m(ln m + ln ln m + ω(m)) with some ω(m) → +∞ as m → ∞.
Exchanges
Authors: Malefant Jayne , Sanz Penelope C 
Published: May 2020

In the Exchanges, we present conversations with scholars and practitioners of community engagement, responses to previously published material, and other reflections on various aspects of community-engaged scholarship meant to provoke further dialogue and discussion. In this section, we invite our readers to offer their thoughts and ideas on the meanings and understandings of engaged scholarship, as practiced in local or faraway communities, diverse cultural settings, and in various disciplinary contexts. We especially welcome community-based scholars’ views and opinions on their collaborations with university-based partners in particular and engaged scholarship in general.
In this issue, we profile the perspectives of young scholars. Here we feature a conversation between Penelope Sanz, who recently obtained her Ph.D. in Interdisciplinary Studies from the University of Saskatchewan and who serves as the Journal’s pioneering managing assistant, and Jayne Malenfant, a 2018 Pierre Elliott Trudeau Scholar, Vanier Scholar, and Ph.D. Candidate at McGill University in the Department of Integrated Studies in Education. A young engaged scholar working with the homeless in Montreal, Jayne talks about her on-going study on how homelessness impacts young people’s education. She looks at the challenges of accessing educational institutional support, an issue, she says, close to her heart as she was once a homeless youth herself. She reflects on the need for academia to open more spaces for young researchers undertaking engaged scholarship to involve the homeless youths themselves in the search for solutions.
Intimate Partner Violence, Maternal and Paternal Parenting, and Early Child Development
Authors: Jeong Joshua , Adhia Avanti , Bhatia Amiya , McCoy Dana Charles , Yousafzai Aisha K. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Previous research has demonstrated associations between maternal experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) and a range of adverse outcomes among women and their young children. However, few studies have examined the associations between maternal experience of IPV and early child development (ECD) outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Our objectives in this study were to examine the association between IPV victimization and ECD and assess whether the association was mediated by maternal and paternal stimulation.

METHODS:
We combined cross-sectional data from the Demographic and Health Surveys for 15 202 households representing mothers and fathers of children aged 36 to 59 months in 11 LMIC. We used multivariable linear regression models to estimate the association between IPV victimization in the year preceding the survey and ECD, which we measured using the Early Child Development Index. We used path analysis to determine if the association between IPV victimization and ECD was mediated through maternal and paternal stimulation.

RESULTS:
After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, IPV victimization was negatively associated with ECD (β = −.11; 95% confidence interval = −.15 to −.07). Path analysis indicated that the direct association between IPV victimization and ECD was partially and independently mediated through maternal and paternal stimulation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Interventions that include components to prevent IPV may be effective for improving ECD in LMIC.
STUDY OF CHITINASE AND CHITINOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF LACTOBACILLUS STRAINS
Authors: Horvath-Szanics E. , Perjéssy J. , Klupács A. , Takács K. , Nagy A. , Koppány-Szabó E. , Hegyi F. , Németh-Szerdahelyi E. , Du M.Y. , Wang Z.R. , Kan J.Q. , Zalán Zs. 
Published: May 2020

The increasing consumer demand for less processed and more natural food products – while improving those products’ quality, safety, and shelf-life – has raised the necessity of chemical preservative replacement. Biopreservation refers to extended storage life and enhanced safety of foods using the natural microflora and (or) their antibacterial products. Chitinolytic enzymes are of biotechnological interest, since their substrate, chitin, is a major structural component of the cell wall of fungi, which are the main cause of the spoilage of food and raw plant material. Among the several organisms, many bacteria produce chitinolytic enzymes, however, this behaviour is not general. The chitinase activity of the lactic acid bacteria is scarcely known and studied.The aim of the present study was to select Lactobacillus strains that have genes encoding chitinase, furthermore, to detect expressed enzymes and to characterise their chitinase activity. Taking into consideration the importance of chitin-bindig proteins (CBPs) in the chitinase activity, CBPs were also examined. Five Lactobacillus strains out of 43 strains from 12 different species were selected by their chitinase coding gene. The presence of the chitinase and chitin-biding protein production were confirmed, however, no chitinolytic activity has been identified.
INTEGRATION OF THE ADIWIYATA SCHOOL PROGRAM TO REALIZE A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs) IN SURAKARTA
Authors: Partono Bambang , Karsidi Ravik , Yusuf Munawir , Joyoatmojo Soetarno , Perdana Ryzal 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this research is to find out whether the Adiwitaya school program implemented in Surakarta has been integrated with the objectives of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Methodology: The method used is qualitative research, where researchers want to know the Adiwiyata program and school curriculum. Stages of research carried out through two stages, namely: in the first stage by collecting data in the field through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation.
Main Findings: The results of the research and discussion based on the four aspects reviewed showed that waste management in Adiwiyata schools still needs to be improved. Increased knowledge, attitudes, and skills can be through instilling the values ​​of sustainable development transferred through environmental education.
Application of this study: The implementation of research results can be used as input for policyholders within the scope of the minister of education and culture, and the minister of the environment so that the Adiwiyata program can be improved.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The renewal of this research is to analyze the objectives of the adiwiyata program as part of realizing sustainable development goals. The Adiwiyata school program implements Environmental Education in the syllabus and lesson plans.
Manejo quirúrgico conservador de la endometriosis con láser de C02 Vs manejo quirúrgico con video laparoscopia láser de C02
Authors: Del Corral Fernando , Saavedra S. Jaime 
Published: May 2020

Recientes avances en cirugía de infertilidad han permitido al cirujano ginecológico tratar un gran número de enfermedades de los órganos reproductivos usando el láser ya sea en cirugía abierto a través del laparoscopio.Este artículo revisa los resultados en 122 pacientes, 44 de ellas con endometriosis manejada con cirugía conservadora y láser de C02 variando la severidad de la enfermedad de moderada a extensivo y 76 pacientes con endometriosis manejada laparoscópicamente usando láser de C02 variando la severidad de la enfermedad de mínima a extensivo. De los 44 pacientes, 23 (53.1%) se embarazaron. Las tasas de embarazos fueron 52.2% en 23 pacientes con estado II de la enfermedad, 50% en 14 pacientes estado III de la enfermedad y 57.1% en 7 pacientes estado IV de la enfermedad.En las pacientes operadas con videolaparoscopia láser, 35 (42.8%) se embarazaron. Las tasas de embarazos fueron 51.6% en 31 pacientes con estado I de la enfermedad, 42.1 % en 19 pacientes con estado II, 40.0% en 20 pacientes con estado III de la enfermedad y 37.5% en 8 pacientes con estado IV de la enfermedad. El tiempo promedio de embarazo post cirugía varió de 5 a 6 meses respectivamente.38 pacientes de las 44 sometidas a la cirugía conservadora y 54 de los 78 a las cuales se les realizó video laparoscopia se quejaban de dismenorrea; se observó una franca mejoría de este síntoma después de cirugía. En 35 pacientes (92.2%) y en 48 pacientes (88.8%) respectivamente. Los resultados indican que el manejo de la endometriosis asociada a infertilidad con video laparoscopia es tan eficaz como la cirugía conservadora con láser para los casos mínimos y moderados, pero parece ser menos exitosa que la laparotomía para los casos severos y extensivos de la enfermedad.
Residuos de promotores de crecimiento y antibióticos en carne de res de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Rivera-Alegría Flor María , Chay-Canul Alfonso J. , Cardador-Martínez Anaberta , Téllez-Medina Darío Iker , Piña-Gutiérrez José Manuel , Jiménez-Martínez Cristian 
Published: May 2020

La identificación y cuantificación de contaminantes en carne es determinante para garantizar su inocuidad, debido a que cada vez es mayor el uso de antibióticos y promotores de crecimiento (PC) en animales de engorda. El uso no controlado de antibióticos genera bacterias 92 50 resistentes a tratamientos contra enfermedades, mientras que la presencia de PC puede producir alteraciones cardiovasculares en el consumidor final. Por ello, el objetivo del trabajo fue identificar mediante HPLC-MS residuos de antibióticos como la tetraciclina y PC como el clorhidrato de zilpaterol 100 58 (CZ), Clorhidrato de ractopamina (CR) y Clorhidrato de clembuterol (CC), en carne de res comercializada en la Ciudad de México, entre las que se incluyó carne orgánica como control; también se comparó la estructura y morfológica de la carne, mediante microscopías óptica (MO), electrónica de barrido (MB) y análisis de imágenes. El análisis por HPLC-MS mostró la presencia de CZ, CR y tetraciclina en las muestras de carne comercializada, y mientras que MO y MEB permitieron determinar que los PC utilizados tiene impacto sobre el tamaño de fibras musculares, ya que mientras que la carne orgánica presentó fibras de 23 μm, las muestras con PC presentaron un tamaño entre 35 y 65 μm. La presencia CZ y CR, indica que la carne comercializada en la Ciudad de México presenta residuos de PC. Mientras que el análisis de imágenes podría ser una alternativa para diferenciar el origen orgánico o no de la carne.
KEKERASAN DOMESTIK TERHADAP PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Jalilah Nisfawati Laili 
Published: May 2020

Masalah kekerasan domestik terhadap perempuan dan anak sejatinya telah berlangsung lama. Namun, masalah ini tidak pernah menjadi domain publik. Hal ini disebabkan karena masalah kekerasan domestic dianggap sebagai masalah privat, yang umumnya terjadi dalam keluarga inti. Faktor agama yang kuat serta relasi social dan budaya dalam masyarakat Indonesia, mengakibatkan masalah-masalah kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan anak cenderung dibiarkan menguap dalam ruang tertutup keluarga. Hal ini juga disebabkan oleh keyakinan bahwa mengungkapkan masalah keluarga kepada orang lain sebagai hal yang tabu dibicarakan dengan orang lain. Ini menyebabkan semakin meningkatnya laopran kasus kekerasan domestic terhadap perempuan dan anak. Pada tingkat nasional, jumlah kasus kekerasan terhadap anak dan perempuan meningkat hampir 400% dalam kurun waktu 2001-2006.Hal yang sama terjadi di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat, dimana terjadi peningkatan kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan anak.
Penelitian yang bersetting di Lombok Timur ini mencoba untukmengupas fenomena kekerasan perempuan. dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif atau deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan pendekatan normatif empiris, dalam hal ini menggunakan pendekatan yang mengacu pada Undang-undang No. 23 tahun 2004. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan yang berupa faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya kekerasan domestik perempuan dan anak, yaitu Masalah keuangan atau ekonomi, Masalah anak, cemburu, salah paham, mau menang sendiri, tidak dapat menahan nafsu dan emosi, mabuk, ada wanita atau laki-laki lain (WIL dan WIL), masalah orang tua, dll. Hubungan atau relasi antara korban dengan pelaku ketika kekerasan itu terjadi yaitu lebih banyak dilakukan orang-orang terdekat atau di lingkungan keluarga, seperti suami istri, orang tua serta keluarga lannya.
DANA PENSIUN DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Johari Muhamad 
Published: May 2020

Sistem pendanaan pensiun memungkinkan terbentuknya suatu akumulasi dana yang dibutuhkan untuk memelihara kesinambungan penghasilan peserta program pada hari tua. Islam mengajarkan umatnya untuk mempersiapkan hari tua sebaik mungkin. Pendirian dana pensiun dapat dipandang sebagai pengamalan terhadap sebagian ajaran ekonomi Islam tentang penghormatan terhadap mereka yang menjalani hari tua. Pemanfaatan dana pensiun sebagai tunjangan dihari tua merupakan suatu hal yang tepat dan sangat dibutuhkan oleh seluruh karyawan baik negeri maupun swasta. Dengan adanya dana pensiun, diharapkan dapat membantu kesejahteraan sosial ekonomi masyarakat Indonesia pada umumnya dan umat Islam pada khususnya. Pemanfaatan dana pensiun harus sesuai dengan hukum ekonomi Islam (fiqh muamalah).
Permafrost investigations in Iezer Mountains, Southern Carpathians
Authors: POPESCU Răzvan 
Published: May 2020

This paper assesses the possibility of permafrost occurrence in Iezer Mountains using field observations, GIS analysis and thermal investigations in the field. Rock glaciers as the main mountain permafrost footprint in the landscape are mapped using cross validation from two independent inventories, analysed and classified in terms of size, altitude, morphology, air temperature and vegetation cover. Measurements of spring temperatures, bottom temperature of snow (BTS) and continuous (near) ground surface temperature (GST) were applied to check for permafrost presence. Autumn temperature of 20 alpine springs are analysed and grouped by their source, temperature and apparent discharges. BTS was applied on 3 sites from the upper part of Colților Valley in 2012 and 2018 along GST in Tambura scree in 2012–2018 period. 16 rock glaciers are considered to exist in Iezer Massif, a much smaller number than previously assumed. We argue that several other landforms are rock–ice features and should be inventoried and analysed in corresponding with minimal past permafrost creep. Rock glaciers are poorly developed and have a faded morphology because of low debris availability, short periods of time with favourable climates and less supportive mountain morphometry. Alpine springs indicate possible permafrost occurrence in one rock glacier and one talus slope and BTS reveal sporadic patches of permafrost down to 1900 m asl in Colților Valley. GST supports the multiannual stability of permafrost indicating BTS on a multiannual scale and suggests the great importance of autumn–early winter temperatures and snow interplay for ground cooling and permafrost maintenance. We argue that 11 rock glaciers from Iezer Mountains are probably inactive. MAGST of 1.1 – 3.2 °C suggest a strong thermal gradient in the blocky layer if permafrost is truly present. Alpine screes possibly underlain by permafrost seem not to be disturbed by any modern climate changes.
Modelling flood hazard at Paratrechos/Peritsi stream, Naxos Island (Cyclades, Greece)
Authors: EVELPIDOU Niki , POLYKRETI Niki , KARKANI Anna , KARDARA Eirini , SEFERLI Stamatina , VALSAMIDIS Theofilos 
Published: May 2020

Flash floods are one of the most significant natural hazards in the Mediterranean, affecting most basins in the region. Flash floods usually occur in ephemeral streams after particularly heavy rainfall. Although the average annual rainfall in the Cycladic islands (Greece) does not exceed 400 mm, flash floods are frequent, since most of that rainfall is often concentrated in few but very intense events. The case study is the drainage basin of Paratrechos or Peritsi stream in Naxos Island. This particular basin was selected due to the recorded flood events, the stream's proximity to the city that intensifies the flood impact, the slopes' gradient abrupt changes and the diverse infiltration rate of the geological formations. Furthermore, some parts of the basin are intact by human activities, while others are severely affected. This study investigates the relationship between rain and runoff through Unitary Hydrographs, in order to estimate and evaluate the flood potential of the aforementioned hydrologic basin and to determine the causes of the hazard and vulnerability. The Clark method was implemented and its results were further evaluated by field measurements.