bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors controlling the oxygen isotopic composition of lacustrine authigenic carbonates in Western China: implications for paleoclimate reconstructions
Authors: Li Huashu , Liu Xingqi , Tripati Aradhna , Feng Shengnan , Elliott Ben , Whicker Chloe , Arnold Alexandrea , Kelley Anne Marie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the carbonate-water system, at equilibrium, the oxygen isotopic composition of carbonate is dependent not only on the temperature but also on the isotopic composition of host water in which the carbonate is formed. In this study, lake surface sediment and water samples were collected from 33 terminal lakes in Western China to evaluate controls on the oxygen isotopic composition of lacustrine authigenic carbonates (δ18Ocarb) and its spatial distribution. Our results show that water oxygen isotopic composition (δ18Owater) rather than lake summer water temperature (Twater), is the main determinant of δ18Ocarb, irrespective of whether oxygen isotope equilibrium is achieved. There are significant linear correlations between δ18Ocarband elevation, as well as that between δ18Ocarband latitude for lakes located on the Tibetan Plateau. In Western China, the spatial distribution of δ18Ocarbis consistent with that of δ18Owater, and is ultimately controlled by the isotopic composition of local precipitation (δ18Oprecipitation) that depends on the source of water vapor. Therefore, changes in δ18Ocarbcan be predominantly interpreted as variations of δ18Owater, which in turn represent changes in δ18Oprecipitationfor paleoclimate reconstructions in this region, and may be relevant to studies of other areas.
Heterogeneous optoelectronic characteristics of Si micropillar arrays fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching
Authors: Qian Yang , Magginetti David J. , Jeon Seokmin , Yoon Yohan , Olsen Tony L. , Wang Maoji , Gerton Jordan M. , Yoon Heayoung P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent progress achieved in metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) has enabled the production of high-quality micropillar arrays for various optoelectronic applications. Si micropillars produced by MACE often show a porous Si/SiOx shell on crystalline pillar cores introduced by local electrochemical reactions. In this paper, we report the distinct optoelectronic characteristics of the porous Si/SiOx shell correlated to their chemical compositions. Local photoluminescent (PL) images obtained with an immersion oil objective lens in confocal microscopy show a red emission peak (≈ 650 nm) along the perimeter of the pillars that is threefold stronger compared to their center. On the basis of our analysis, we find an unexpected PL increase (≈ 540 nm) at the oil/shell interface. We suggest that both PL enhancements are mainly attributed to the porous structures, a similar behavior observed in previous MACE studies. Surface potential maps simultaneously recorded with topography reveal a significantly high surface potential on the sidewalls of MACE-synthesized pillars (+ 0.5 V), which is restored to the level of planar Si control (− 0.5 V) after removing SiOx in hydrofluoric acid. These distinct optoelectronic characteristics of the Si/SiOx shell can be beneficial for various sensor architectures.
Changes in physical activity and risk of fracture: a Korean nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Han Sangsoo , Jang Hae-Dong , Choi Sungwoo , Kim Gi Deok , Han Kyungdo , Lim Hyunwoong , Koo Bongmo , Min Kyung Dae , Hong Jae-Young 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhysical activity (PA) is one of the most important modifiable factors associated with fracture risk. However, the association between interval changes in PA and the risk of fracture remains unknown. We investigated the risk of fracture development according to interval changes in PA in middle aged and older individuals. In this nationwide cohort study of adults aged ≥ 40 years, more than 4.9 million individuals without fractures within the last year who underwent two consecutive national health screenings in Korea from 2009 to 2012 were identified. The risk of fracture between 2013 and 2016 according to interval changes in regular PA was prospectively analyzed. Compared to individuals with a continuous lack of PA, those with a decrease in PA (0.41/1000 person-years (PY) decrease in incidence rate (IR); adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.975; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.964–0.987), increase in PA (1.8/1000 PY decrease in IR; aHR 0.948; 95% CI 0.937–0.959), and continuous PA (3.58/1000 PY decrease in IR; aHR 0.888; 95% CI 0.875–0.901) had a significantly reduced risk of fracture. Interval changes in regular PA were associated with risk of fracture. Individuals who engaged in continuous regular PA exhibited the maximum protective benefit against fracture.
Cytotoxic activity of bromodomain inhibitor NVS-CECR2-1 on human cancer cells
Authors: Park Seul Gi , Lee Daye , Seo Hye-Ran , Lee Shin-Ai , Kwon Jongbum 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBromodomain (BRD), a protein module that recognizes acetylated lysine residues on histones and other proteins, has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic target for human diseases such as cancer. While most of the studies have been focused on inhibitors against BRDs of the bromo- and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins, non-BET family BRD inhibitors remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated a potential anticancer activity of the recently developed non-BET family BRD inhibitor NVS-CECR2-1 that targets the cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 2 (CECR2). We show that NVS-CECR2-1 inhibits chromatin binding of CECR2 BRD and displaces CECR2 from chromatin within cells. NVS-CECR2-1 exhibits cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cells, killing SW48 colon cancer cells in particular with a submicromolar half maximum inhibition value mainly by inducing apoptosis. The sensitivity of the cancer cells to NVS-CECR2-1 is reduced by CECR2 depletion, suggesting that NVS-CECR2-1 exerts its activity by targeting CECR2. Interestingly, our data show that NVS-CECR2-1 also kills cancer cells by CECR2-independent mechanism. This study reports for the first time the cancer cell cytotoxic activity for NVS-CECR2-1 and provides a possibility of this BRD inhibitor to be developed as an anticancer therapeutic agent.
Pubertal maturation and weight status are associated with dyslipidemia among children and adolescents in Northwest China
Authors: Cao Juan , Zhang Ling , Li Jing , Sun Lijiao , Liu Shanghong , Zhang Jianjun , Zhao Haiping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDyslipidemia is one of major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia can reduce cardiovascular disease risk. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Ningxia, China to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its association with body mass index (BMI) and pubertal stage. A total of 1783 students were selected from middle schools and high schools in September 2014 using stratified random cluster sampling. Serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by using MOL-300 automatic biochemical analyzer with associated kits. The prevalence of adolescents with one abnormal serum lipid component was 43.2% and was significantly different across three pubertal stages (p < 0.0001). The abnormal rates of HDL-C and TG increased as the students maturated through the early, middle, and late stages of puberty (all p < 0.0001). Similar results were obtained when separate analyses were performed for boys and girls. In linear regression analysis, BMI was positively associated with serum levels of TC, LDL-C, and TG, but inversely associated with serum levels of HDL-C after the adjustment for age, sex, and race. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, obesity was associated with an increased risk of developing high TC, while pubertal maturation was associated with an elevated risk of experiencing low HDL-C and high TG (all p < 0.05). In conclusions, dyslipidemia is common in an adolescent population of Northwest China and its prevalence rates substantially vary with weight status and pubertal stage.
Long-term PM2.5 exposure and the clinical application of machine learning for predicting incident atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kim In-Soo , Yang Pil-Sung , Jang Eunsun , Jung Hyunjean , You Seng Chan , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae-Hoon , Uhm Jae-Sun , Pak Hui-Nam , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Kim Jong-Youn , Joung Boyoung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClinical impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on incident atrial fibrillation (AF) had not been well studied. We used integrated machine learning (ML) to build several incident AF prediction models that include average hourly measurements of PM2.5 for the 432,587 subjects of Korean general population. We compared these incident AF prediction models using c-index, net reclassification improvement index (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement index (IDI). ML using the boosted ensemble method exhibited a higher c-index (0.845 [0.837–0.853]) than existing traditional regression models using CHA2DS2-VASc (0.654 [0.646–0.661]), CHADS2 (0.652 [0.646–0.657]), or HATCH (0.669 [0.661–0.676]) scores (each p < 0.001) for predicting incident AF. As feature selection algorithms identified PM2.5 as a highly important variable, we applied PM2.5 for predicting incident AF and constructed scoring systems. The prediction performances significantly increased compared with models without PM2.5 (c-indices: boosted ensemble ML, 0.954 [0.949–0.959]; PM-CHA2DS2-VASc, 0.859 [0.848–0.870]; PM-CHADS2, 0.823 [0.810–0.836]; or PM-HATCH score, 0.849 [0.837–0.860]; each interaction, p < 0.001; NRI and IDI were also positive). ML combining readily available clinical variables and PM2.5 data was found to predict incident AF better than models without PM2.5 or even established risk prediction approaches in the general population exposed to high air pollution levels.
Myanmar Burkholderia pseudomallei strains are genetically diverse and originate from Asia with phylogenetic evidence of reintroductions from neighbouring countries
Authors: Webb Jessica R. , Win Mo Mo , Zin Khwar Nyo , Win Kyi Kyi Nyein , Wah Thin Thin , Ashley Elizabeth A. , Smithuis Frank , Swe Myo Maung Maung , Mayo Mark , Currie Bart J. , Dance David A. B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMelioidosis was first identified in Myanmar in 1911 but for the last century it has remained largely unreported there. Burkholderia pseudomallei was first isolated from the environment of Myanmar in 2016, confirming continuing endemicity. Recent genomic studies showed that B. pseudomallei originated in Australia and spread to Asia, with phylogenetic evidence of repeated reintroduction of B. pseudomallei across countries bordered by the Mekong River and the Malay Peninsula. We present the first whole-genome sequences of B. pseudomallei isolates from Myanmar: nine clinical and seven environmental isolates. We used large-scale comparative genomics to assess the genetic diversity, phylogeography and potential origins of B. pseudomallei in Myanmar. Global phylogenetics demonstrated that Myanmar isolates group in two distantly related clades that reside in a more ancestral Asian clade with high amounts of genetic diversity. The diversity of B. pseudomallei from Myanmar and divergence within our global phylogeny suggest that the original introduction of B. pseudomallei to Myanmar was not a recent event. Our study provides new insights into global patterns of B. pseudomallei dissemination, most notably the dynamic nature of movement of B. pseudomallei within densely populated Southeast Asia. The role of anthropogenic influences in both ancient and more recent dissemination of B. pseudomallei to Myanmar and elsewhere in Southeast Asia and globally requires further study.
EVAR: Open Surgical Repair Options for Persistent Type Ia Endoleaks
Authors: Salem Karim M. , Singh Michael J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a disease of the elderly which may result in aneurysm rupture if not treated in a timely manner. The incidence of AAA has increased in part due to patient and physician education, ultrasound screening, and liberal use of computed tomography imaging in conjunction with an aging population. Endovascular aneurysm repair has become the preferred treatment for surgeons and interventionalists. When endografts are placed outside of device-specific instructions for use, the risk of endoleak development is significantly increased. Open surgical repair of Type Ia endoleaks is recommended when endovascular options have been exhausted. Open surgical repair of Type Ia endoleaks provides acceptable perioperative morbidity and mortality rates, long-term durability, and low reintervention rates when performed in the elective setting.
Effect of a Modified Irrigation Protocol on the Cleanliness of Moderately Curved Canals
Authors: Voegeli Garance , Bella Enrico Di , Mekki Mustapha , Machtou Pierre , Bouillaguet Serge 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives This study tested the hypothesis that modifying the sequence of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)/ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) irrigation during root canal shaping would improve apical cleanliness in moderately curved canals.
Materials and Methods Forty-five root canals were prepared using Protaper Gold with three irrigation protocols. Standard irrigation (SI) used 0.5 mL 3% NaOCl between each instrument, followed by 5 mL 17% EDTA manually agitated for 30 seconds. Reverse irrigation (RI) used 0.5 mL of 17% EDTA between each instrument, then 5 mL of 3% NaOCl, manually agitated for 30 seconds. Reverse irrigation plus (RI+) was similar to RI, except NaOCl (5 mL), used as a final rinse, was allowed to interact for 3 minutes with dentin before manual agitation (30 seconds).Root canal cleanliness was evaluated under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Hulsmann score); the chemical composition of dentin after irrigation was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX).
Statistical Analysis Results were compared using Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA by ranks and Wilcoxon matched paired posthoc tests. A Chi-square test assessed whether the best cleanliness would demonstrate a significant association with one irrigation protocol; odds ratio calculation was performed using score “1” versus score “2 or more” (2+) (p < 0.05).
Results In the apical region, cleanliness was better in RI+ than SI and both significantly better than RI. Odd ratios indicate that the cleanliness in RI+ was significantly better than RI and SI groups (p < 0.000 and 0.003, respectively). Independently of the irrigation protocol, EDX analyses showed no chemical alteration of root dentin.
Conclusions Using 17% EDTA during shaping, followed by 3% NaOCl rinse for 3 minutes, improved apical cleanliness without inducing erosion of dentin.
Word lists and the role of academic vocabulary use in high stakes speaking assessments
Authors: Smith George Fredrik , Kyle Kristopher , Crossley Scott A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The current study explored the extent to which academic vocabulary lists could meet the lexical demands of
academic speaking assessments. Indices of word use from lists of academic and general vocabulary were used to predict speaking
scores on three TOEFL tasks. The results found weak associations between list-item use and response scores that varied by task.
Independent response scores were associated with the use of specialized vocabulary from the first level of the Academic
Spoken Word List. Integrated campus situation response scores were most strongly associated with the use of unique
words from the Academic Word List. Integrated academic course response scores were associated with the use of
more sophisticated general vocabulary. Although the findings provide some support for the use of academic vocabulary lists in
speaking assessment preparation, the weak effect sizes point to the need to develop lists of academic vocabulary specific to
academic speaking and assessment.
Simultaneous bilinguals who do not speak a tone language show enhancement in pitch sensitivity but not in executive
function
Authors: Liu Liquan , Chen Ao , Kager René 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Previous studies have reported perceptual advantages, such as when discriminating non-native linguistic or musical pitch differences, among first-year infants growing up in bilingual over monolingual environments. It is unclear whether such effects should be attributed to bilinguals’ enhanced perceptual sensitivity and/or cognitive abilities, and whether such effects would extend to adulthood. Twenty-four Dutch, 24 Dutch simultaneous bilingual (DSB), and 24 Chinese Mandarin speakers were examined by three sets of tasks assessing their linguistic pitch and music perception, executive function, as well as interactions across these modalities. Results showed degrees of advantages for DSB and Chinese participants’ over their Dutch peers in lexical tone discrimination and pitch-related music tasks. In tasks related to executive function, no difference was observed between DSB and Dutch participants, while Chinese participants’ performances were modulated by cognitive interference of language processing. Findings suggest that listeners’ enhanced sensitivity to linguistic and musical pitch may stem from acoustic (DSB) and experience (Chinese) rather than cognitive factors. Moreover, Dutch participants showed robust correlations between their linguistic and musical pitch perception, followed by limited correlations in DSB, and virtually no correlation among Chinese participants, illustrating how distinct language experiences can lead to specific pitch perception patterns between language and music.
Checkpoint Inhibitor Colitis Shows Drug-Specific Differences in Immune Cell Reaction That Overlap With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Predict Response to Colitis Therapy
Authors: Lo Ying-Chun , Price Christina , Blenman Kim , Patil Pallavi , Zhang Xuchen , Robert Marie E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Checkpoint inhibitor (CPI)–associated colitis can limit therapy and has resemblance to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Studies exploring mechanistic similarities between these colitides are limited, yet therapeutic targets for either disorder could emerge from shared pathophysiology.

Methods
The morphology and inflammatory content of colonic biopsy specimens from anti–CTLA-4 and anti–PD-1/PD-L1 antibody-treated patients with CPI colitis were compared with initial biopsy specimens from patients with IBD. Predictors of the need for infliximab were sought in CPI patients.

Results
Biopsy specimens from CPI patients showed significantly lower chronicity scores and similar activity scores compared with patients with IBD. Anti–CTLA-4 and IBD groups showed equivalent CD8, CD4, PD-1, and PD-L1 expression, while FoxP3 scores were lower and CD68 scores were higher in anti–CTLA-4 compared with IBD biopsy specimens. Anti–PD-1/PD-L1 group had lower scores for CD8, CD4, and PD-1 and equivalent scores for FoxP3, PD-L1, and CD68 compared with IBD. Anti–CTLA-4 biopsy specimens had higher scores for CD8, PD-1, PD-L1, and CD68 than anti–PD-1/PD-L1 biopsy specimens. CD8/FoxP3 ratios and CD68 scores were higher among CPI patients requiring infliximab therapy for colitis compared with those responding to steroids.

Conclusions
The proinflammatory immune phenotype of anti–CTLA-4–associated colitis has significant overlap with IBD. CD8/FoxP3 ratios may predict therapeutic response in CPI-associated colitis.
Associations Between Arterial Stiffness Indices and Chronic Kidney Disease Categories in Essential Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Kusunoki Hiroshi , Iwashima Yoshio , Kawano Yuhei , Ohta Yuko , Hayashi Shin-ichiro , Horio Takeshi , Shinmura Ken , Ishimitsu Toshihiko , Yoshihara Fumiki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
This study investigated the association between arterial stiffness indices and asymptomatic chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk categories in hypertensive patients.

METHODS
Arterial stiffness indices, including 24-hour brachial and aortic systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), were measured by an oscillometric Mobil-O-Graph device, brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) by a volume-plethysmographic method, and renal resistive index (RI) by ultrasonography, in 184 essential hypertensive patients (66.0 ± 17.1 years, 47.3% male). CKD was categorized into 3 stages based on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, using a combination of estimated glomerular filtration and albuminuria.

RESULTS
The 24-hour aortic PWV (aPWV), baPWV, and RI increased with worsening severity of CKD risk category (all P &lt; 0.01 for trend). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that a 1 SD increase of nighttime aortic SBP (odds ratio [OR] 1.52), PWV (OR 4.80), or RI (OR 1.75) was an independent predictor of high or very-high CKD stage (all P &lt; 0.05). After adjustment for potential confounders, day-to-night change in brachial SBP as well as in aPWV differed among groups (P &lt; 0.05, respectively). In a multivariate regression model, day-to-night changes in aortic SBP and PWV, and RI were independently associated with day-to-night brachial SBP change.

CONCLUSIONS
In hypertension, circadian hemodynamics in high CKD stage are characterized by higher nighttime values of aortic SBP and PWV and disturbed intrarenal hemodynamics. Further, the blunted nocturnal BP reduction in these patients might be mediated via disturbed intrarenal hemodynamics and circadian hemodynamic variation in aortic SBP and arterial stiffness.
Hyperkalemia excursions are associated with an increased risk of mortality and hospitalizations in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Karaboyas Angelo , Robinson Bruce M , James Glen , Hedman Katarina , Moreno Quinn Carol P , De Sequera Patricia , Nitta Kosaku , Pecoits-Filho Roberto 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Hyperkalemia is common among hemodialysis (HD) patients and has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Previous studies considered a single serum potassium (K) measurement or time-averaged values, but serum K excursions out of the target range may be more reflective of true hyperkalemia events. We assessed whether hyperkalemia excursions lead to an elevated risk of adverse clinical outcomes.

Methods
Using data from 21 countries in Phases 4–6 (2009–18) of the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), we investigated the associations between peak serum K level, measured monthly predialysis, over a 4-month period (‘peak K’) and clinical outcomes over the subsequent 4 months using Cox regression, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results
The analysis included 62 070 patients contributing a median of 3 (interquartile range 2–6) 4-month periods. The prevalence of hyperkalemia based on peak K was 58% for &gt;5.0, 30% for &gt;5.5 and 12% for &gt;6.0 mEq/L. The all-cause mortality hazard ratio for peak K (reference ≤5.0 mEq/L) was 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09, 1.21] for 5.1–5.5 mEq/L, 1.19 (1.12, 1.26) for 5.6–6.0 mEq/L and 1.33 (1.23, 1.43) for &gt;6.0 mEq/L. Results were qualitatively consistent when analyzing hospitalizations and a cardiovascular composite outcome.

Conclusions
Among HD patients, we identified a lower K threshold (peak K 5.1–5.5 mEq/L) than previously reported for increased risk of hospitalization and mortality, with the implication that a greater proportion (&gt;50%) of the HD population may be at risk. A reassessment of hyperkalemia severity ranges is needed, as well as an exploration of new strategies for effective management of chronic hyperkalemia.