bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of different piglet diets in organic agriculture using milk powder, enriched lysine, conventional potato protein or high soybean cake content
Authors: Quander-Stoll Nele , Holinger Mirjam , Früh Barbara , Zollitsch Werner , Leiber Florian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFeeding monogastric livestock in organic agriculture is challenging due to several tradeoffs between animal welfare aspects, resource efficiency, as well as ecological and social sustainability. Organic standards may even increase such conflicts, as is currently the case with upcoming new regulations regarding restrictions of feed sources for organic pigs in Europe. In order to contribute data for balancing reasons to minimize tradeoffs, we compared four different piglet diets, each targeted to reach a high protein quality by either a high proportion of soybean cake (SOY), inclusion of milk powder (MILK), fermentatively produced lysine (LYS) or conventional potato protein (POT). All diets were designed to meet the nutritional requirements of piglets in the best possible way, however they all represented different conflicts with either organic regulations or sustainability goals. In each of five consecutive runs, respectively three litters were assigned to every dietary treatment, resulting in 15 litters per treatment in total. In each litter, seven focus animals were defined. The piglets were studied from birth until 58 days of age. They were weaned at day 46 and sold from the farm at day 58. Piglets were individually weighed at an average age of 3, 21, 43, 50 and 58 days with simultaneous assessment of body condition score (BCS) and prevalence of diarrhea. Feed intake (FI) was recorded litter wise weekly, starting from week three. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated for the period after weaning. Statistical analysis was executed using linear mixed effect models. Regarding FI, FCR and daily weight gains, no treatment effect was found. Only at day 21, BCS was lower for piglets receiving POT. Prevalence of diarrhea increased after weaning for all treatments. All four tested diets led to similar weight gains and feed conversion in the piglets. Animals fed diet POT recovered better from diarrhea compared to the other treatments. A high soybean cake content or lysine supplementation in the diet was disadvantageous with regard to the occurrence of diarrhea. LYS diet led to signs of threonine deficit, indicating that lysine addition alone may not solve the issue. The addition of milk powder provided no extra benefit. In recognition of the health benefits, the use of 5% potato protein, even if it is sourced from conventional production, must still be considered as a sustainable option for feeding organic piglets. The sustainability implications are discussed in the paper.
Reducing topramezone injury to bermudagrass using chelated iron and other additives
Authors: Boyd Adam P. , McElroy J. Scott , McCurdy James D. , McCullough Patrick E. , Han David Y. , Guertal Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPOST goosegrass and other grassy weed control in bermudagrass is problematic. Fewer herbicides that can control goosegrass are available due to regulatory pressure and herbicide resistance. Alternative herbicide options that offer effective control are needed. Previous research demonstrates that topramezone controls goosegrass, crabgrass, and other weed species; however, injury to bermudagrass may be unacceptable. The objective of this research was to evaluate the safening potential of topramezone combinations with different additives on bermudagrass. Field trials were conducted at Auburn University during summer and fall from 2015 to 2018 and 2017 to 2018, respectively. Treatments included topramezone mixtures and methylated seed oil applied in combination with five different additives: triclopyr, green turf pigment, green turf paint, ammonium sulfate, and chelated iron. Bermudagrass bleaching and necrosis symptoms were visually rated. Normalized-difference vegetative index measurements and clipping yield data were also collected. Topramezone plus chelated iron, as well as topramezone plus triclopyr, reduced bleaching potential the best; however, the combination of topramezone plus triclopyr resulted in necrosis that outweighed reductions in bleaching. Masking agents such as green turf paint and green turf pigment were ineffective in reducing injury when applied with topramezone. The combination of topramezone plus ammonium sulfate should be avoided because of the high level of necrosis. Topramezone-associated bleaching symptoms were transient and lasted 7 to 14 d on average. Findings from this research suggest that chelated iron added to topramezone and methylated seed oil mixtures acted as a safener on bermudagrass.
Information Flows: Characterizing Precipitation‐Streamflow Dependencies in the Colorado Headwaters With an Information Theory Approach
Authors: Franzen Samuel E. , Farahani Mozhgan A. , Goodwell Allison E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWatersheds aggregate precipitation signals of many intensities and from many locations into a single observable streamflow at an outlet point. This dependency between precipitation and streamflow varies seasonally and can shift over time due to changes in land cover, climate, human water uses, or changes in properties of precipitation events themselves. We apply information theory‐based measures to capture temporal linkages, or information transfers, from daily precipitation occurrence at different locations in a basin to streamflow at an outlet. We detect critical magnitudes of precipitation and lag times associated with the strongest precipitation‐streamflow relationships, and further partition information transfers to determine relative contributions from the knowledge of wet versus dry past states. Based on an analysis of daily U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow and Climate Prediction Center (CPC) gridded gauge‐based precipitation data sets in the Colorado Headwaters Basin, this dependency is strongest in fall, the longest dominant lag times occur in spring, and the strengths of dependencies have increased in spring and summer over the past 65 years. These features relate to both seasonal and spatial characteristics of precipitation and the landscape. A partitioning of information components shows that in this basin, the particular knowledge of a lagged, or past, wet state tends to be more informative to flow than a lagged dry state, even though dry days are more frequent. This study introduces several signatures of precipitation‐streamflow relationships that can also more broadly characterize strengths, thresholds, and timescales associated with various interconnected processes.
Resilience of School Systems Following Severe Earthquakes
Authors: Hassan Emad M. , Mahmoud Hussam N. , Ellingwood Bruce R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNatural disasters may have catastrophic and long‐lasting impacts on communities' physical, economic, and social infrastructure. Slow recovery of educational services following such events is likely to cause traumatic stress in children, lead families to out‐migrate, and affect the community's overall social stability. Methods for quantifying and assessing the restoration process of educational systems and their dependencies on other supporting infrastructure have not received adequate attention. This study introduces, for the first time, a new framework to evaluate the functionality, recovery, and resilience of a school system following severe earthquake events. The framework considers both the quantity and quality of education services provided, school enrollment, and staff employment, as well as the interaction between various agents such as staff, students, parents, administration, and community. A virtual testbed community, Centerville, is utilized to highlight the application of this framework. The impact of school reopening policies on the number of students enrolled as well as the potential for homeschooling is also considered. The availability of various enrollment alternatives for students, backup classroom space and functioning utility systems, and facilitation of staff and supplies transfer between schools substantially increase the resilience of the education service.
MESSENGER Observations of Planetary Ion Characteristics in the Vicinity of Kelvin‐Helmholtz Vortices at Mercury
Authors: Aizawa Sae , Raines Jim M. , Delcourt Dominique , Terada Naoki , André Nicolas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft regularly observed the magnetospheric flanks of Mercury during its orbital phase. Data from the Magnetometer (MAG) and the Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer (FIPS) allow us to investigate the statistical properties of planetary ions (Na+) in the presence of Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) waves at the duskside magnetopause. We collect the data from orbits with clear signatures of KH waves under northward interplanetary magnetic field, as well as from adjacent orbits that do not have KH signatures, and we compare the energy characteristics between the KH and non‐KH events. Although low planetary counts in FIPS data make the comparison of these characteristics difficult, we find that in the presence of KH waves: (1) large counts of planetary ions are observed and (2) differences in Na+ energy spectra are only seen inside the magnetosphere, where they show a deceleration signature for ions with energies above 2.0 keV/e. These results suggest that planetary ions are not escaping from the magnetosphere and that electric field structures related to KH waves can decelerate planetary ions originating from the magnetotail region. The understanding of the energy distribution of planetary ions in the magnetospheric flanks of Mercury is important for a better understanding of plasma convection in the magnetosphere.
Electrical Conductivity of Talc Dehydration at High Pressures and Temperatures: Implications for High‐Conductivity Anomalies in Subduction Zones
Authors: Wang Libing , Wang Duojun , Shen Kewei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe dehydration of hydrous minerals is one of the causes of high‐conductivity anomalies in subduction zones. To determine the origin of these anomalies, the trade‐off between the dehydration and conduction mechanisms of hydrous minerals at high pressures and temperatures should be clarified. Talc is a typical hydrous mineral in hot subduction zones, and previous studies may have underestimated its contribution to high‐conductivity anomalies. We report the new electrical conductivity results for talc, which were measured at 1.0–4.0 GPa and 523–1293 K using impedance spectroscopy. The pressure effect on conductivity of talc is obvious in the different heating stages. The pressure decreased the conductivity prior to dehydration and remarkably increased the conductivity during dehydration. A sharp conductivity increase was observed beyond the dehydration temperature, and the maximum conductivity was 0.1 S/m. The increase in conductivity associated with a high activation energy of 284.5 ± 11.8 kJ/mol and an activation volume of −6.2 ± 0.6 cm3/mol was attributed to an inhomogeneous dehydration model involving cation migration. The talc dehydration temperatures at different pressures derived from the conductivity inflection points are 1023–1093 K. The increased electrical conductivity produced by talc ongoing dehydration provides an explanation for the high‐conductivity anomalies observed at deep depths in hot subduction zone. The silica‐rich fluid released by talc may contribute to the silica deposition in plate interface and induce the high‐conductivity anomalies observed at shallow depths in the hot subduction zones.
A Framework for Pore‐Scale Simulation of Effective Electrical Conductivity and Permittivity of Porous Media in the Frequency Range From 1 mHz to 1 GHz
Authors: Niu Qifei , Zhang Chi , Prasad Manika 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGeoelectrical methods are broadly used in earth sciences for various purposes. To correctly interpret field geoelectrical data, it is essential to have a mechanistic understanding of the effective electrical conductivity and permittivity of geological materials over a broad frequency range. Recently, the pore‐scale numerical simulation, which utilizes the digital microstructural images of the material, has become a powerful tool in studying the effective electrical properties of geological media. However, it is still difficult to incorporate surface‐related electrochemical processes in a pore‐scale simulation. In this study, we develop a general framework to consider these electrochemical processes in pore‐scale simulations, which enable the calculation of broadband effective electrical conductivity and permittivity of porous geological media. A Berea sandstone sample is utilized to demonstrate the use of the proposed framework. Laboratory experiments of the effective electrical conductivity and permittivity of the sample in the frequency range from 10−3 to 109 Hz provided valuable measurement data for validating the simulation. The good agreement between our simulated spectra and the experimental data provides validation for the numerical simulation to reproduce the variations in the effective electrical conductivity and permittivity of porous geological materials induced by both the electrochemical polarizations and the interfacial polarization. This work thus provides a useful tool for studying the effective electrical properties of porous geological materials featuring complex microstructures.
Linking Mesoscale Meteorology With Extreme Landscape Response: Effects of Narrow Cold Frontal Rainbands (NCFR)
Authors: Collins Brian D. , Oakley Nina S. , Perkins Jonathan P. , East Amy E. , Corbett Skye C. , Hatchett Benjamin J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLandscapes evolve in response to prolonged and/or intense precipitation resulting from atmospheric processes at various spatial and temporal scales. Whereas synoptic (large‐scale) features (e.g., atmospheric rivers and hurricanes) govern regional‐scale hydrologic hazards such as widespread flooding, mesoscale features such as thunderstorms or squall lines are more likely to trigger localized geomorphic hazards such as landslides. Thus, to better understand relations between hydrometeorological drivers and landscape response, a knowledge of mesoscale meteorology and its impacts is needed. Here we investigate the extreme geomorphic response associated with one type of mesoscale meteorological feature, the narrow cold frontal rainband (NCFR). Resulting from low‐level convergence and shallow convection along a cold front, NCFRs are narrow bands of high‐intensity rainfall that occur in midlatitude areas of the world. Our study examines an NCFR impacting the Sierra Nevada foothills (California, USA) that initiated over 500 landslides, mobilized ~360,000 metric tons of sediment to the fluvial system (as much as 16 times the local annual sediment yield), and severely damaged local infrastructure and regional water transport facilities. Coupling geomorphological field investigations with meteorological analyses, we demonstrate that precipitation associated with the NCFR was both intense (maximum 15 min intensity of 70 mm/hr) and localized, resulting in a highly concentrated band of shallow landsliding. This meteorological phenomenon likely plays an important role in landscape evolution and hazard initiation. Other types of mesoscale meteorological features also occur globally and offer new avenues for understanding the effects of storms on landscapes.
The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Strike‐Slip Faults in the Subei‐South Yellow Sea Basin, Eastern China: Constraints From Seismic Data
Authors: Yang Fengli , Hu Panpan , Zhou Xinhuai , Zhang Ruoyu , Peng Yunxin , Li Xiao , Qiu Dan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLate Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous strike‐slip faults play an important role in basin formation and igneous activities in eastern China and the adjacent areas. Because of the lack of seismic data, their distribution and effect on the formation of basins and igneous activities in the Subei‐South Yellow Sea Basin (SB‐SYSB) are still poorly understood. In this study, based on systematic analyses of the acquired seismic data, the Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous strike‐slip faults in the SB‐SYSB were identified and characterized. The strike‐slip faults can be divided into two sets, a NE‐NNE trending sinistral strike‐slip fault system and a NW trending dextral fault system. They present in seismic sections as a flower structure or Y/V‐shaped structure, respectively. In map view, they show horsetail splay faults, en echelon reverse faults, pull‐apart structure, linear structure, or curvilinear structure. These faults resulted in different types of subbasins in the SB‐SYSB, such as transpressional/transtensional subbasins and pull‐apart subbasins. The close relationship between the strike‐slip faults and the distribution of igneous rocks in the SB‐SYSB suggest that the strike‐slip faults probably acted as efficient pathways for magma intrusion during the Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous. The sinistral displacement was characterized by thrusting‐folding deformation structures, which show a tendency to decrease toward the Sulu orogenic belt, indicating that the Sulu orogenic belt has probably weakened the strike‐slip movement in the basin. We infer that the sinistral strike‐slip movement in the SB‐SYSB was most likely controlled by the subduction of the paleo‐Pacific plate and the Tan‐Lu strike‐slip faulting.
Surfaceome dynamics reveal proteostasis-independent reorganization of neuronal surface proteins during development and synaptic plasticity
Authors: van Oostrum Marc , Campbell Benjamin , Seng Charlotte , Müller Maik , tom Dieck Susanne , Hammer Jacqueline , Pedrioli Patrick G. A. , Földy Csaba , Tyagarajan Shiva K. , Wollscheid Bernd 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNeurons are highly compartmentalized cells with tightly controlled subcellular protein organization. While brain transcriptome, connectome and global proteome maps are being generated, system-wide analysis of temporal protein dynamics at the subcellular level are currently lacking. Here, we perform a temporally-resolved surfaceome analysis of primary neuron cultures and reveal dynamic surface protein clusters that reflect the functional requirements during distinct stages of neuronal development. Direct comparison of surface and total protein pools during development and homeostatic synaptic scaling demonstrates system-wide proteostasis-independent remodeling of the neuronal surface, illustrating widespread regulation on the level of surface trafficking. Finally, quantitative analysis of the neuronal surface during chemical long-term potentiation (cLTP) reveals fast externalization of diverse classes of surface proteins beyond the AMPA receptor, providing avenues to investigate the requirement of exocytosis for LTP. Our resource (neurosurfaceome.ethz.ch) highlights the importance of subcellular resolution for systems-level understanding of cellular processes.
Glioma-derived IL-33 orchestrates an inflammatory brain tumor microenvironment that accelerates glioma progression
Authors: De Boeck Astrid , Ahn Bo Young , D’Mello Charlotte , Lun Xueqing , Menon Shyam V. , Alshehri Mana M. , Szulzewsky Frank , Shen Yaoqing , Khan Lubaba , Dang Ngoc Ha , Reichardt Elliott , Goring Kimberly-Ann , King Jennifer , Grisdale Cameron J. , Grinshtein Natalie , Hambardzumyan Dolores , Reilly Karlyne M. , Blough Michael D. , Cairncross J. Gregory , Yong V. Wee , Marra Marco A. , Jones Steven J. M. , Kaplan David R. , McCoy Kathy D. , Holland Eric C. , Bose Pinaki , Chan Jennifer A. , Robbins Stephen M. , Senger Donna L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite a deeper molecular understanding, human glioblastoma remains one of the most treatment refractory and fatal cancers. It is known that the presence of macrophages and microglia impact glioblastoma tumorigenesis and prevent durable response. Herein we identify the dual function cytokine IL-33 as an orchestrator of the glioblastoma microenvironment that contributes to tumorigenesis. We find that IL-33 expression in a large subset of human glioma specimens and murine models correlates with increased tumor-associated macrophages/monocytes/microglia. In addition, nuclear and secreted functions of IL-33 regulate chemokines that collectively recruit and activate circulating and resident innate immune cells creating a pro-tumorigenic environment. Conversely, loss of nuclear IL-33 cripples recruitment, dramatically suppresses glioma growth, and increases survival. Our data supports the paradigm that recruitment and activation of immune cells, when instructed appropriately, offer a therapeutic strategy that switches the focus from the cancer cell alone to one that includes the normal host environment.
Chronic glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) agonism desensitizes adipocyte GIPR activity mimicking functional GIPR antagonism
Authors: Killion Elizabeth A. , Chen Michelle , Falsey James R. , Sivits Glenn , Hager Todd , Atangan Larissa , Helmering Joan , Lee Jae , Li Hongyan , Wu Bin , Cheng Yuan , Véniant Murielle M. , Lloyd David J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAntagonism or agonism of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) prevents weight gain and leads to dramatic weight loss in combination with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in preclinical models. Based on the genetic evidence supporting GIPR antagonism, we previously developed a mouse anti-murine GIPR antibody (muGIPR-Ab) that protected diet-induced obese (DIO) mice against body weight gain and improved multiple metabolic parameters. This work reconciles the similar preclinical body weight effects of GIPR antagonists and agonists in vivo, and here we show that chronic GIPR agonism desensitizes GIPR activity in primary adipocytes, both differentiated in vitro and adipose tissue in vivo, and functions like a GIPR antagonist. Additionally, GIPR activity in adipocytes is partially responsible for muGIPR-Ab to prevent weight gain in DIO mice, demonstrating a role of adipocyte GIPR in the regulation of adiposity in vivo.
Distinct signatures of gut microbiome and metabolites associated with significant fibrosis in non-obese NAFLD
Authors: Lee Giljae , You Hyun Ju , Bajaj Jasmohan S. , Joo Sae Kyung , Yu Junsun , Park Seoyeon , Kang Hyena , Park Jeong Hwan , Kim Jung Ho , Lee Dong Hyeon , Lee Seonhwa , Kim Won , Ko GwangPyo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity but also found in non-obese individuals. Gut microbiome profiles of 171 Asians with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 31 non-NAFLD controls are analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing; an independent Western cohort is used for external validation. Subjects are classified into three subgroups according to histological spectra of NAFLD or fibrosis severity. Significant alterations in microbiome diversity are observed according to fibrosis severity in non-obese, but not obese, subjects. Ruminococcaceae and Veillonellaceae are the main microbiota associated with fibrosis severity in non-obese subjects. Furthermore, stool bile acids and propionate are elevated, especially in non-obese subjects with significant fibrosis. Fibrosis-related Ruminococcaceae and Veillonellaceae species undergo metagenome sequencing, and four representative species are administered in three mouse NAFLD models to evaluate their effects on liver damage. This study provides the evidence for the role of the microbiome in the liver fibrosis pathogenesis, especially in non-obese subjects.