bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal Correlates of Many-To-One Sensorimotor Mapping in Lateral Intraparietal Cortex
Authors: Zhou Yang , Liu Yining , Zhang Mingsha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEfficiently mapping sensory stimuli onto motor programs is crucial for rapidly choosing appropriate behavioral responses. While neuronal mechanisms underlying simple, one-to-one sensorimotor mapping have been extensively studied, how the brain achieves complex, many-to-one sensorimotor mapping remains unclear. Here, we recorded single neuron activity from the lateral intraparietal (LIP) cortex of monkeys trained to map multiple spatial positions of visual cue onto two opposite saccades. We found that LIP neurons’ activity was consistent with directly mapping multiple cue positions to the associated saccadic direction (SDir) regardless of whether the visual cue appeared in or outside neurons’ receptive fields. Unlike the explicit encoding of the visual categories, such cue–target mapping (CTM)–related activity covaried with the associated SDirs. Furthermore, the CTM was preferentially mediated by visual neurons identified by memory-guided saccade. These results indicate that LIP plays a crucial role in the early stage of many-to-one sensorimotor transformation.
Adverse Outcomes in Pregnant Women Hospitalized With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: A Case Series
Authors: Hause Anne M , Panagiotakopoulos Lakshmi , Weintraub Eric S , Sy Lina S , Glenn Sungching C , Tseng Hung-Fu , McNeil Michael M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We identified 10 women hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection during pregnancy. Diagnoses included pneumonia/atelectasis (5), respiratory failure (2), and sepsis (2). Six had obstetrical complications during hospitalization, including 1 induced preterm birth. One required intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation. Four infants had complications at birth.
Abdominal Pain and Anxious or Depressed State Are Independently Associated With Weight Loss in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Gorrepati Venkata Subhash , Soriano Christopher , Johri Ansh , Dalessio Shannon , Stuart August , Koltun Walter , Tinsley Andrew , Clarke Kofi , Williams Emmanuelle , Coates Matthew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany factors impact nutritional status in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We undertook this study to evaluate the potential role that abdominal pain has on weight loss and dietary behavior in IBD.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study utilizing data from an IBD registry at our institution between January 1, 2015 and August 31, 2018. Pain scores and nutritional outcomes were derived from validated questionnaires while key associated clinical data were derived from the medical record.ResultsThree hundred and three patients (154 females; 206 Crohn’s disease) were included in this study. Ninety-six patients (31.7%) had experienced a 6-lb or greater weight loss in the prior month. On multivariate analysis, abdominal pain and anxious/depressed state were independently associated with weight loss, while female gender and NSAID use were inversely associated with weight loss (P &lt; 0.05). IBD patients with abdominal pain also reported significantly poorer dietary behavior than those without this symptom.ConclusionsAbdominal pain is more likely to result in negative dietary outcomes and independently associated with weight loss in IBD. IBD providers should screen for malnutrition when patients report abdominal pain.
The group size effect and synchronization of vigilance in the Tibetan wild ass
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Yang Le , Zhao Yumeng , Yu Cong , Li Zhongqiu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Vigilance behavior is considered as an effective strategy for prey species to detect predators. An individual benefits from living in a group by reducing the time spent being vigilant without affecting the probability of detecting a predator. However, the mechanism producing a decrease in vigilance with increasing group size is unclear. Many models of vigilance assume that group members scan independently of one another. Yet in recent studies, the other 2 patterns of vigilance, coordination and synchronization, were reported in some species. In 2 summers (2018 and 2019), we studied the group-size effect on vigilance and foraging of Tibetan wild ass in Chang Tang Nature Reserve of Tibet. We also tested whether individuals scan the environment independently, tend to coordinate their scans, or tend to synchronize their vigilance. The results showed that individuals decreased the time spent on vigilance with increasing group size, while increased the time spent foraging. Group members scanned the environment at the same time more frequently and there was a positive correlation between group members’ behaviors, indicating that Tibetan wild asses tend to synchronize their vigilance.
Successful use of venovenous snare to fix the wire in a collateral vein for proper placement of the left ventricular lead during cardiac resynchronization therapy: a case report
Authors: Reddy Muni Venkatesa , Deshpande Saurabh Ajit , Roul Shishir Kumar , Udyavar Ameya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
In cardiac resynchronization therapy, left ventricular (LV) lead placement at the desired position may be difficult due to abnormal coronary sinus (CS) and lateral vein anatomy. We present a case with difficult anatomy in which we used ‘an indigenous snare’ made from hardware used for coronary angioplasty procedures, which is available in any cardiac catheterization laboratory.

Case summary
A 52-year-old man presented with dyspnoea due to chronic heart failure was evaluated for cardiac resynchronization therapy. The LV lead was difficult to advance into the only target lateral branch of the CS due to a combination of angulation and proximal stenosis. Balloon dilation was tried first, but we failed to track the LV lead. We formed a venovenous loop, advancing the coronary guidewire 0.014″ into the posterolateral vein; subsequently into the middle cardiac vein via a collateral. The wire was advanced into the CS and then to superior vena cava. The guidewire then snared through the same left subclavian vein and exteriorized by using indigenous snare. Over this loop, the LV lead of the cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator device was implanted successfully.

Discussion
We have used the snare technique, with the use of a snare prepared from a coronary guidewire. Use of such an indigenous snare has not been described before in the literature. The hardware used in this case is routinely used for coronary angioplasty procedures in all catheterization labs. The importance of our case is that no special hardware like dedicated snare was required to negotiate the LV lead at its desired location.
Victims of medical errors and the problems they face: a prospective comparative study among the Dutch population
Authors: van der Velden Peter G , Contino Carlo , Akkermans Arno J , Das Marcel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
A large number of studies are devoted to medical errors, but only a few focused on the problem’s victims of these errors face. Prospective comparative studies on this topic are absent. The aim of this prospective comparative study is to fill this gap of scientific knowledge that may help to improve the care for victims.

Methods
Data were collected in the Longitudinal Internet studies for the Social Sciences panel, based on a random sample of the Dutch population. Surveys were conducted in March–April 2018 (T1response = 82.1%) and March–April 2019 (T2response = 80.1%). We assessed medical errors and potentially traumatic or stressful events between T1 and T2, and mental health, work, financial, religious, family, legal/administrative and physical problems at T1 and T2 (Ntotal = 4711).

Results
In total, 79 respondents were affected by medical errors between T1 and T2, and 2828 were not affected by any event. Of the victims, 28% had high PTSD symptom levels at T2. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression entering all problems at T1 and demographics showed that victims compared with controls significantly more often had all assessed problems at T2, except family problems. For instance, victims more often had mental health problems (29.5% vs. 9.3%; adj. OR = 3.04, P = 0.002) and financial problems (30.4% vs. 6.6%; adj. OR = 4.82, P &lt; 0.001) at T2.

Conclusions
Victims of medical errors more often face various non-physical problems than others. Care for victims should therefore, besides physical health, also include the assessment and targeting of their problems regarding mental health, work, religion, legal issues and finance.
Transiently increased risk of breast cancer after childbirth: implications for fertility treatments and surrogacy
Authors: Blumenfeld Zeev , Gleicher Norbert , Adashi Eli Y 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Whereas longstanding dogma has purported that pregnancies protect women from breast cancer, a recent meta-analysis now mandates reconsideration since it reported an actual higher breast cancer risk for more than two decades after childbirth before the relative risk turns negative. Moreover, the risk of breast cancer appears higher for women having their first birth at an older age and with a family history and it is not reduced by breastfeeding. The process of obtaining informed consent for all fertility treatments, therefore, must make patients aware of the facts that every pregnancy, to a small degree, will increase the short-term breast cancer risk. This observation may be even more relevant in cases of surrogacy where women agree to conceive without deriving benefits of offspring from assuming the risk, thus creating a substantially different risk-benefit ratio. Consequently, it appears prudent for professional societies in the field to update recommendations regarding consent information for all fertility treatments but especially for treatments involving surrogacy.
The Issue of Recurrently Positive Patients Who Recovered From COVID-19 According to the Current Discharge Criteria: Investigation of Patients from Multiple Medical Institutions in Wuhan, China
Authors: Zou You , Wang Bin-Ru , Sun Liu , Xu Shan , Kong Yong-Gang , Shen Li-Jun , Liang Geng-Tian , Chen Shi-Ming 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The current discharge criteria for COVID-19 require that patients have 2 consecutive negative results for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection. Here, we observed that recurrent positive RT-PCR test results in patients with 3 consecutive negative results (5.4%) were significantly decreased compared with those in patients with 2 consecutive negative results (20.6%); such patients reported positive RT-PCR test results within 1 to 12 days after meeting the discharge criteria. These results confirmed that many recovered patients could show a positive RT-PCR test result, and most of these patients could be identified by an additional RT-PCR test prior to discharge.
Peripheral Neuronopathy Associated With Ebola Virus Infection in Rhesus Macaques: A Possible Cause of Neurological Signs and Symptoms in Human Ebola Patients
Authors: Liu David X , Perry Donna L , Cooper Timothy K , Huzella Louis M , Hart Randy J , Hischak Amanda M W , Bernbaum John G , Hensley Lisa E , Bennett Richard S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Neurological signs and symptoms are the most common complications of Ebola virus disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the neurologic manifestations in Ebola patients are not known. In this study, peripheral ganglia were collected from 12 rhesus macaques that succumbed to Ebola virus (EBOV) disease from 5 to 8 days post exposure. Ganglionitis, characterized by neuronal degeneration, necrosis, and mononuclear leukocyte infiltrates, was observed in the dorsal root, autonomic, and enteric ganglia. By immunohistochemistry, RNAscope in situ hybridization, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy, we confirmed that CD68+ macrophages are the target cells for EBOV in affected ganglia. Further, we demonstrated that EBOV can induce satellite cell and neuronal apoptosis and microglial activation in infected ganglia. Our results demonstrate that EBOV can infect peripheral ganglia and results in ganglionopathy in rhesus macaques, which may contribute to the neurological signs and symptoms observed in acute and convalescent Ebola virus disease in human patients.
Performance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Assays in Different Stages of Infection: Comparison of Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays and Rapid Tests
Authors: Traugott Marianna , Aberle Stephan Walter , Aberle Judith Helene , Griebler Hannah , Karolyi Mario , Pawelka Erich , Puchhammer-Stöckl Elisabeth , Zoufaly Alexander , Weseslindtner Lukas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We comparatively assessed sensitivities and specificities of 4 commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and 2 rapid tests in 77 patients with polymerase chain reaction–confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, grouped by interval since symptom onset. Although test sensitivities were low (&lt;40%) within the first 5 days after disease onset, immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgA, and total antibody ELISAs increased in sensitivity to &gt;80% between days 6 and 10 after symptom onset. The evaluated tests (including IgG and rapid tests) provided positive results in all patients at or after the 11th day after onset of disease. The specificities of the ELISAs were 83% (IgA), 98% (IgG), and 97% (IgM and total antibody).
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy of cancer: a new approach that kills cancer cells and enhances anti-cancer host immunity
Authors: Kobayashi Hisataka , Furusawa Aki , Rosenberg Adrian , Choyke Peter L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a recently developed hybrid cancer therapy that directly kills cancer cells as well as producing a therapeutic host immune response. Conventional immunotherapies, such as immune-activating cytokine therapy, checkpoint inhibition, engineered T cells and suppressor cell depletion, do not directly destroy cancer cells, but rely exclusively on activating the immune system. NIR-PIT selectively destroys cancer cells, leading to immunogenic cell death that initiates local immune reactions to released cancer antigens from dying cancer cells. These are characterized by rapid maturation of dendritic cells and priming of multi-clonal cancer-specific cytotoxic T cells that kill cells that escaped the initial direct effects of NIR-PIT. The NIR-PIT can be applied to a wide variety of cancers either as monotherapy or in combination with conventional immune therapies to further activate anti-cancer immunity. A global Phase 3 clinical trial (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03769506) of NIR-PIT targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer is underway, employing RM1929/ASP1929, a conjugate of anti-EGFR antibody (cetuximab) plus the photo-absorber IRDye700DX (IR700). NIR-PIT has been given fast-track recognition by regulators in the USA and Japan. A variety of imaging methods, including direct IR700 fluorescence imaging, can be used to monitor NIR-PIT. As experience with NIR-PIT grows, additional antibodies will be employed to target additional antigens on other cancers or to target immune-suppressor cells to enhance host immunity. NIR-PIT will be particularly important in patients with localized and locally advanced cancers and may help such patients avoid side-effects associated with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.
A graph-based method for reconstructing entities from coordination ellipsis in medical text
Authors: Yuan Chi , Wang Yongli , Shang Ning , Li Ziran , Zhao Ruxin , Weng Chunhua 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
Coordination ellipsis is a linguistic phenomenon abound in medical text and is challenging for concept normalization because of difficulty in recognizing elliptical expressions referencing 2 or more entities accurately. To resolve this bottleneck, we aim to contribute a generalizable method to reconstruct concepts from medical coordinated elliptical expressions in a variety of biomedical corpora.

Materials and Methods
We proposed a graph-based representation model and built a pipeline to reconstruct concepts from coordinated elliptical expressions in medical text (RECEEM). There are 4 modules: (1) identify all possible candidate conjunct pairs from original coordinated elliptical expressions, (2) calculate coefficients for candidate conjuncts using the embedding model, (3) select the most appropriate decompositions by global optimization, and (4) rebuild concepts based on a pathfinding algorithm. We evaluated the pipeline’s performance on 2658 coordinated elliptical expressions from 3 different medical corpora (ie, biomedical literature, clinical narratives, and eligibility criteria from clinical trials). Precision, recall, and F1 score were calculated.

Results
The F1 scores for biomedical publications, clinical narratives, and research eligibility criteria were 0.862, 0.721, and 0.870, respectively. RECEEM outperformed 2 previously released methods. By incorporating RECEEM into 2 existing NLP tools, the F1 scores increased from 0.248 to 0.460 and from 0.287 to 0.630 on concept mapping of 1125 coordination ellipses.

Conclusions
RECEEM improves concept normalization for medical coordinated elliptical expressions in a variety of biomedical corpora. It outperformed existing methods and significantly enhanced the performance of 2 notable NLP systems for mapping coordination ellipses in the evaluation. The algorithm is open sourced online (https://github.com/chiyuan1126/RECEEM).
Evaluation of safety and diagnostic performance for flexible hysteroscopy in 1591 outpatient cases
Authors: Kobayashi Yusuke , Tsuji Kosuke , Nakamura Kanako , Nagai Shimpei , Takahashi Takayuki , Kobayashi Arata , Anko Mayuka , Hirano Takuro , Watanabe Keiko , Matoba Yusuke , Kunitomi Haruko , Adachi Masataka , Yamagami Wataru , Tominaga Eiichiro , Banno Kouji , Aoki Daisuke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo date, only few large studies are available concerning the safety and diagnostic concordance rates of outpatient flexible hysteroscopy. In our institution, outpatient hysteroscopy has been routinely and educationally applied Kosuke Tsuji to intrauterine lesions; thus, we retrospectively investigated the institution’s outpatient flexible hysteroscopy cases.MethodsA total of 1591 cases of outpatient flexible hysteroscopy conducted at our institution in 2012–2016 were retrospectively analyzed in terms of their clinical background, complications and diagnostic concordance rates.ResultsA total of 1591 cases included 546 cases of benign tumors (317 endometrial polyps, 168 myomas and 61 endometrial hyperplasia), 361 cases of atypical endometrial hyperplasia, 571 cases of endometrial cancers and 113 cases of other diagnoses. No major complications, including uterine perforation, occurred. However, one patient (0.06%) was diagnosed with septic shock caused by intrauterine infection that required prolonged immunosuppressive drug administration. Meanwhile, 335 patients diagnosed with benign tumors through outpatient flexible hysteroscopy underwent operation, and the diagnostic concordance rate was 74.6% (250 cases). However, this rate included 14 cases (4.2%) diagnosed with malignant tumors postoperatively. In preoperative endometrial cancer cases, the sensitivity and specificity for cervical invasion diagnosis were 39.4 and 90.8%, respectively. In addition, only one patient manifested positive ascites cytology intraoperatively, possibly caused by outpatient hysteroscopy.ConclusionsOutpatient flexible hysteroscopy is highly safe, with a slight negligible effect on ascites cytology. However, the diagnosis should be determined by multidisciplinary approaches, as hysteroscopy alone can miss malignancy.
Critical Media Effects Framework: Bridging Critical Cultural Communication and Media Effects through Power, Intersectionality, Context, and Agency
Authors: Ramasubramanian Srividya , Banjo Omotayo O 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this essay, we advance the Critical Media Effects (CME) framework as a way of bridging two major subfields of communication that seldom speak to one another: media effects scholarship and critical cultural communication. Critical Media Effects is situated within the dominant mode of social scientific theorizing within media effects scholarship and draws on four key interrelated concepts from critical cultural communication: power, intersectionality, context, and agency. Critical Media Effects advocates for greater reflexivity, rigor, and nuance in theorizing about media effects to better respond to the complexity and dynamicity of emerging global sociopolitical mediated contexts. Recommendations, salient examples, and future directions for co-creating a shared research roadmap for CME are discussed. Through this work of bridging, we hope to promote more collaborative partnerships, productive engagement, and mutual solidarity across these two important subfields to address the most pressing social issues and challenges of the world today.
Space and time complexity for infinite time Turing machines
Authors: Carl Merlin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We consider notions of space by Winter [21, 22]. We answer several open questions about these notions, among them whether low space complexity implies low time complexity (it does not) and whether one of the equalities P=PSPACE, P$_{+}=$PSPACE$_{+}$ and P$_{++}=$PSPACE$_{++}$ holds for ITTMs (all three are false). We also show various separation results between space complexity classes for ITTMs. This considerably expands our earlier observations on the topic in Section 7.2.2 of Carl (2019, Ordinal Computability: An Introduction to Infinitary Machines), which appear here as Lemma $6$ up to Corollary $9$.
Accelerated Bayesian inference using deep learning
Authors: Moss Adam 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a novel Bayesian inference tool that uses a neural network (NN) to parametrize efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) proposals. The target distribution is first transformed into a diagonal, unit variance Gaussian by a series of non-linear, invertible, and non-volume preserving flows. NNs are extremely expressive, and can transform complex targets to a simple latent representation. Efficient proposals can then be made in this space, and we demonstrate a high degree of mixing on several challenging distributions. Parameter space can naturally be split into a block diagonal speed hierarchy, allowing for fast exploration of subspaces where it is inexpensive to evaluate the likelihood. Using this method, we develop a nested MCMC sampler to perform Bayesian inference and model comparison, finding excellent performance on highly curved and multimodal analytic likelihoods. We also test it on Planck 2015 data, showing accurate parameter constraints, and calculate the evidence for simple one-parameter extensions to the standard cosmological model in ∼20D parameter space. Our method has wide applicability to a range of problems in astronomy and cosmology and is available for download from https://github.com/adammoss/nnest.