bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Decomposition-Based Evolutionary Algorithm with Correlative
Selection Mechanism for Many-Objective Optimization
Authors: Liu Ruochen , Wang Ruinan , Bian Renyu , Liu Jing , Jiao Licheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Decomposition-based evolutionary algorithms have been quite successful in dealing with multiobjective optimization problems. Recently, more and more researchers attempt to apply the decomposition approach to solve many-objective optimization problems. A many-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition with correlative selection mechanism (MOEA/D-CSM) is also proposed to solve many-objective optimization problems in this article. Since MOEA/D-SCM is based on a decomposition approach which adopts penalty boundary intersection (PBI), a set of reference points must be generated in advance. Thus, a new concept related to the set of reference points is introduced first, namely, the correlation between an individual and a reference point. Thereafter, a new selection mechanism based on the correlation is designed and called correlative selection mechanism. The correlative selection mechanism finds its correlative individuals for each reference point as soon as possible so that the diversity among population members is maintained. However, when a reference point has two or more correlative individuals, the worse correlative individuals may be removed from a population so that the solutions can be ensured to move toward the Pareto-optimal front. In a comprehensive experimental study, we apply MOEA/D-CSM to a number of many-objective test problems with 3 to 15 objectives and make a comparison with three state-of-the-art many-objective evolutionary algorithms, namely, NSGA-III, MOEA/D, and RVEA. Experimental results show that the proposed MOEA/D-CSM can produce competitive results on most of the problems considered in this study.
Individual identification patterns as a monitoring strategy for American crocodiles: Tayrona National Natural Park as a study case
Authors: Balaguera-Reina Sergio A. , Pinzón-Barrera Catalina , Farfán-Ardila Nidia , Vargas-Ortega David , Densmore Llewellyn D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Population numbers of the American crocodile in Colombia have shown an increasing trend during the last decades. However, the lack of monitoring programs has restricted our understanding about this species’ ecology, limiting the ability to develop sound conservation plans. We assessed the effectiveness and robustness of the Individual Identification Pattern Recognition (IIPR) method for remotely monitoring American crocodile populations based on photographs taken by researchers, tourists, locals, and employees at the Tayrona National Natural Park (TNNP). We catalogued a total of 97 events from 2008 to 2020; 34.02% of which were suitable to analyze using IIPR. We identified eight individuals across 33 events that required only 4.71 ± 1.70 transverse scute lines to obtain complete identification, with the lowest levels of variation in the post occipital and nuchal regions compared with the dorsal area. The probabilities of repeating both the most and least common patterns found in the TNNP were 1.88 × 10−6 and 1.81 × 10−12, respectively, and the probabilities of repeating the same pattern of each individual identified ranged between 48.73 × 10−11 and 15.24 × 10−8. Animals B and C were continuously identified between 2012 and 2020 along the Arrecife beach coastline, whereas animals A, H, E, and F were occasionally registered between 2008 and 2019 at the Cañaveral beach. Overall, the IIPR method looks as a promising tool for monitoring American crocodile populations in the TNNP albeit some improvements in data collection that must be done to increase the number of useful events and analysis quality.
The Manifestation Account of Evil
Authors: Schwind Philipp , Timmermann Felix 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article defends a novel definition of evil. An action is evil if (1) a pro-attitude (or complete indifference) towards severe harm to a sentient being is (2) manifested in the action. The manifestation can take either of two forms: expressing the pro-attitude or attempting to realize its object. In order to exclude cases where the pro-attitude is the result of a positive attitude and the action does therefore not count as evil, the pro-attitude (3) must be generated from a morally reprehensible attitude such as greed or sadistic pleasure. As an implication of this definition, not every evil action is extremely bad, and some ‘merely’ wrong acts might be worse than some evil acts.
The Impoverished Representations of Brains in Vats
Authors: Almäng Jan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this article, the notion that brains in vats with perceptual experiences of the same type as ours could perceptually represent other entities than shapes is challenged. Whereas it is often held that perceptual experiences with the same phenomenal character as ours could represent computational properties, the present author argues that this is not the case for shapes. His argument is in brief that the phenomenal character of a normal visual experience exemplifies shapes – phenomenal shapes – which functions as the vehicle for our perceptual representation of shapes. Due to the unique mereological structure of shapes, phenomenal shapes are unable to reliably track any property but shapes. In so far as reliable tracking is a necessary condition for perceptual representation, phenomenal shapes can consequently and contrary to received wisdom only represent shapes.
The Problem with the Crime of Forced Migration as a Loophole to icc Jurisdiction
Authors: Fisher Kirsten J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In November 2019, the icc’s Pre-Trial Chamber authorized the Prosecutor to proceed with an investigation based on a previous decision that the Court may exercise jurisdiction over the alleged deportation of Rohingya from Myanmar to Bangladesh. While the crime of deportation occurred in Myanmar, which is not a State party to the icc and therefore not within the jurisdiction of the Court without unsc referral, the deportation ended in Bangladesh, which is a State party. Once the Court determined that the State that receives the forcibly displaced can confer jurisdiction, the ground seemed to shift drastically in regards to the possible jurisdictional reach of the icc. This paper explores how this Pre-Trial Chamber decision, reasonably read as extending the Court’s geographic jurisdiction beyond what was intended by the drafters of the Rome Statute, could have negative implications, particularly how this extension could further threaten some of the world’s most vulnerable.
Perceived Control in the Lab and in Daily Life Impact Emotion-Induced Temporal Distortions
Authors: Buetti Simona , Xue Fei , Liu Qiawen , Hur Juyoen , Ng Gavin Jun Peng , Heller Wendy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Prior research has shown that the arousal and valence dimensions of emotional images distort the perceived duration of those images. Further, these time distortions are eliminated when observers feel in control over the events in the experiment. The present study had two goals. The first goal was to replicate the effect of perceived control on time perception, using a design where perceived control was manipulated within subjects. The second goal was to evaluate whether the experimental manipulation of perceived control was related to feelings of control experienced in daily life, as assessed by the Desire for Control and Locus of Control scales. In all, 109 participants completed a time bisection task and evaluated the same emotional images under low and high levels of perceived control over the events. The results replicated the finding that the temporal distortions by emotional events observed under low perceived control were eliminated under high perceived control. Furthermore, individual differences regarding control in daily life modulated the effects of perceived control on time perception. Individuals with a high desire for control and a high degree of internality seemed to have an enhanced experience of positive events. These same individuals also benefited more from the experimental control manipulation, speeding the passage of time and perhaps making the task more enjoyable. The results are discussed in the context of current models of time perception.
Duration Estimation of Angry and Neutral Faces: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Correlates
Authors: Eberhardt Lisa V. , Pittino Ferdinand , Scheins Anna , Huckauf Anke , Kiefer Markus , Kliegl Katrin M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Emotional stimuli like emotional faces have been frequently shown to be temporally overestimated compared to neutral ones. This effect has been commonly explained by induced arousal caused by emotional processing leading to the acceleration of an inner-clock-like pacemaker. However, there are some studies reporting contradictory effects and others point to relevant moderating variables. Given this controversy, we aimed at investigating the processes underlying the temporal overestimation of emotional faces by combining behavioral and electrophysiological correlates in a temporal bisection task. We assessed duration estimation of angry and neutral faces using anchor durations of 400 ms and 1600 ms while recording event-related potentials. Subjective ratings and the early posterior negativity confirmed encoding and processing of stimuli’s emotionality. However, temporal ratings did not differ between angry and neutral faces. In line with this behavioral result, the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV), an electrophysiological index of temporal accumulation, was not modulated by the faces’ emotionality. Duration estimates, i.e., short or long responses toward stimuli of ambiguous durations of 1000 ms, were nevertheless associated with a differential CNV amplitude. Interestingly, CNV modulation was already observed at 600–700 ms after stimulus onset, i.e., long before stimulus offset. The results are discussed in light of the information-processing model of time perception as well as regarding possible factors of the experimental setup moderating temporal overestimation of emotional stimuli. In sum, combining behavioral and electrophysiological measures seems promising to more clearly understand the complex processes leading to the illusion of temporal lengthening of emotional faces.
The Correlation Between Endolymphatic Hydrops and blood-labyrinth barrier Permeability of Meniere Disease
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Xie Jiapei , Hui Lian , Li Songbai , Zhang Bo 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the correlation between the grades of endolymphatic hydrops and the blood-labyrinth barrier permeability in the affected ear in Meniere’s disease, following the administration of intravenous gadolinium contrast. Study Design: Prospective study. Methods: The quantitative values of endolymphatic hydrops were determined after intravenous injection of a double-dose of gadobutrol in 39 patients with unilateral definite Meniere’s disease. Additionally, the signal intensity ratio of bilateral cochlear basal turns was evaluated and analyzed; The correlation between the grades of the endolymphatic hydrops and the signal intensity ratio of the cochlear basal turns in the affected ear was examined. Results: The grades of the endolymphatic hydrops can be quantitatively evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The signal intensity ratio of the cochlear basal turns in the affected ear was significantly higher than in the unaffected ear ( P = .001); there was a positive correlation between the signal intensity ratio of the cochlear basal turn and the grades of cochlear ( r = 0.634, P = 0.000) and vestibular( r = 0.559, P = .000) hydrops in the affected ear. Conclusions: The increased permeability of the blood-labyrinth barrier may play a role in the process of endolymphatic hydrops in Meniere’s disease.
The Electronic Media Fast and Student Well-Being: An Exercise in Transformational Teaching
Authors: Gomes Mary E. , Kime Lychelle , Bush Jessica M. , Myers Austin B. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: In the past decade, use of screen media has increased dramatically among young adults. Statement of Problem: Mounting evidence suggests that high levels of media use are associated with a range of negative psychological outcomes. Literature Review: We present instructions for a four-day electronic media fast assigned in a course module on positive psychology. Drawing from student accounts and direct classroom observations, we illustrate student experiences that suggest substantial positive changes in learning, media habits, and well-being. Teaching Implications: An electronic media fast is an easily implemented class assignment which enables students to reflect on their media use and make adjustments to support their learning and well-being. It is appropriate for use in a range of undergraduate psychology courses including introductory psychology, social psychology, psychology of adolescence, and positive psychology. Conclusion: When undertaken with a flexible, sensitive, and collaborative approach, a media fast can be a powerfully transformative learning experience.
Clinical Radiographic Predictors of Response to Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Lee Clara H. , Seay Everett G. , Reese James W. , Wu Xin , Schwab Richard J. , Keenan Brendan , Dedhia Raj C. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo determine if clinically acquired cephalometric measurements, specifically soft palate size, can predict hypoglossal nerve stimulation outcomes.Study DesignCombined prospective cohort study and retrospective review.SettingUS sleep otolaryngology training program.MethodsAdults with obstructive sleep apnea and apneahypopnea index greater than 15 events/h who underwent hypoglossal nerve stimulation. Eligible subjects had diagnostic preoperative sleep studies and full‐night efficacy postoperative studies for analysis. Lateral neck x‐rays were obtained as part of routine clinical care and measured for key cephalometric variables by trained head and neck radiologists. Continuous variables were compared using the Student t test, while χ2 testing was used for categorical variables.ResultsFifty‐one patients met all study criteria. On average, patients were white, middle aged, and overweight. Following hypoglossal nerve stimulation, the overall cohort achieved a significant apnea‐hypopnea index reduction from 36.7 events/h to 20.6 events/h (P <. 01) and a response rate of 47% (defined as apnea‐hypopnea index reduction >50% and apnea‐hypopnea index <20 events/h). On average, therapy responders had significantly thinner soft palates than nonresponders (13.4 ± 3.8 mm vs 16.0 ± 3.4 mm, P =. 045).ConclusionsPatient‐specific anatomic factors, specifically soft palate thickness, may help identify optimal candidates for hypoglossal nerve stimulation. A larger, prospective study including both anatomic and physiologic variables is required to validate these findings.
Association between the frequency of admission for pneumonia and the incidence of in‐hospital cardiac arrest: A population‐based case–control study
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Rung , Tsai I‐Ju , Chen Wei‐Kung , Lin Kuan‐Ho 
Published: October 2020

Objective:To examine the association between the frequency of admission for pneumonia and the incidence of in‐hospital cardiac arrest.Methods:We enrolled 1739 patients with in‐hospital cardiac arrest and 6956 randomly selected age‐ and sex‐matched control patients using a longitudinal claims sub‐dataset from 1996 to 2011 for 1 million people randomly selected from the population covered by the Taiwan National Health Insurance program. The odds ratio of in‐hospital cardiac arrest associated with the number of hospital admissions for pneumonia was calculated.Results:During the 15‐year study period, the in‐hospital cardiac arrest group had a higher frequency (28.4% vs 8.1%, p < 0.0001) of admission for pneumonia compared to the control group. The comorbidities of heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes, renal failure, liver disease, lymphoma, alcohol abuse, and drug abuse were higher in the in‐hospital cardiac arrest group than in the control group. In addition, the risk of in‐hospital cardiac arrest was 3.37 for the patients admitted for pneumonia, and the risk of in‐hospital cardiac arrest increased for patients with multiple admissions for pneumonia (once, 3.03; two times, 3.44; and three times, 4.42). In cross‐analysis, the more admissions for pneumonia and the greater the number of comorbidities, the higher the risk of in‐hospital cardiac arrest (odds ratio = 21.37, 95% confidence interval = 13.6–33.9 for patients with more than three admissions for pneumonia and more than three comorbidities).Conclusion:Higher admission frequency for pneumonia was associated with a higher risk of in‐hospital cardiac arrest. Awareness of this risk factor may help clinicians provide early prevention or detection for patients with potential in‐hospital cardiac arrest risks immediately after admission.
An Examination and Extension of the Theory of Gamified Learning: The Moderating Role of Goal Orientation
Authors: Garcia- Marquez Caribay , Bauer Kristina N. 
Published: October 2020

Background. Landers (2014) proposed the theory of gamified learning to provide a theoretical framework for gamification research. Unfortunately, little empirical work has tested this theory. Thus, the current study aimed to close this gap by examining the theory’s mediational pathway as well as exploring the moderating role of goal orientation on the pathway from Assessment game attributes (i.e., assessment and progress) to self-efficacy to learning outcomes. Method. A gamified resume course was developed on a gamification software platform. Participants ( N = 185) were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk and randomly assigned to one of four conditions (i.e., badges, progress bar, badges and progress bar, and control). Participants responded to a pre-course questionnaire containing demographics and the goal orientation measure, were directed to the course website to complete the gamified resume course and knowledge measure, and were finally re-directed to a post-course questionnaire collecting job search self-efficacy. Results. There was little support for the hypothesized moderated mediation model. However, an interesting outcome of this study was the significant conditional indirect effect of the badge condition for average learning and high avoid performance goal orientations, suggesting badges can improve self-efficacy in gamified learning. Discussion and Conclusion. A key takeaway of this study was preliminary evidence suggesting badges may help mitigate the negative effects of avoid performance goal orientation on self-efficacy. This finding demonstrates how individual differences play a role in learners’ responses to game attributes in a gamified learning experience. Practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Modernizing Training in Psychotherapy Competencies With Adaptive Learning Systems: Proof of Concept
Authors: Renn Brenna N. , Areán Patricia A. , Raue Patrick J. , Aisenberg Eugene , Friedman Emily C. , Popović Zoran 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: This proof-of-concept study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) as a classroom adjunct to improve training bachelor of social work (BSW) students in client engagement strategies. Methods: We codeveloped the ITS with 11 undergraduate students and pilot tested it with six BSW students enrolled in a class on telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy (tCBT). Student competencies in tCBT were assessed by expert review of role-plays. We also examined time spent using ITS and relation with competency. Results: The majority of students (81.8%) in Wave 1 and all of the students who submitted role-plays in Wave 2 passed the clinical skills role-play. Students advancing through the ITS more quickly had better tCBT competency ratings than those progressing more slowly. Discussion: One of the most challenging aspects of training is how to competently deliver evidence-based practices. ITS has the potential to streamline and scale such training.
Prognostic significance of the sum of the diameters of single foci in multifocal papillary thyroid cancer: the concept of new-old tumor burden
Authors: Manso Jacopo , Censi Simona , Roberti Amir , Iacobone Maurizio , Barollo Susi , Bertazza Loris , Galuppini Francesca , Vianello Federica , Albinger Nora , Scaroni Carla , Pennelli Gianmaria , Mian Caterina 
Published: October 2020

Aim: The prognostic value of multifocality (Mu) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains controversial. The present study aimed to investigate this issue and test the possible prognostic significance of the sum of the diameters of single foci (SDSF), the total number of foci (TNF), and primary tumor size (PTS) in multifocal PTC. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a single-center consecutive series of 370 PTCs. For multifocal cases we analyzed bilaterality occurrence, SDSF, TNF, and PTS. Results: Mu was observed in 41.1% PTCs, and bilaterality in 30%. Mu was associated with an advanced T-category. In bilateral multifocal PTC, the PTS was larger, and microPTC was less frequent, while T-categories were higher. Mu and bilaterality per se had no impact on prognosis. At univariate analysis, PTS, SDSF, vascular invasion, lymph node metastases, distant metastases, T-categories, Initial Risk Stratification System score, second treatment and TERT promoter mutation correlated with persistence/recurrence or death in the multifocal PTC group. On multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, SDSF again independently predicted persistence/recurrence or death in multifocal PTCs. We found that a cut-off for SDSF less than 40 mm was able to identify multifocal PTC patients with a very low risk of persistence/recurrence (negative predictive value 96.9%). Disease-free survival was significantly shorter in patients with multifocal PTCs and SDSF ⩾40 mm. Conclusions: Mu and bilaterality per se were not prognostically significant. SDSF emerged as a new independent prognostic factor for persistence/recurrence of multifocal PTC. SDSF might better represent the tumor burden in multifocal PTC, with SDSF < 40 mm identifying multifocal PTC patients with a good prognosis.