bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Estonian vowels by Finnish speakers
Authors: Meister Einar , Meister Lya 
Published: December 2019

In the study, we examined the production of Estonian vowel categories by second language (L2) speakers of Estonian (native language Finnish) and compared them to those of native Estonian (L1) speakers. The vowel systems of the two languages are very similar: all eight Finnish vowels have close counterparts in Estonian, though Estonian has one more vowel category. The vowels for acoustic analysis were extracted from the target words embedded in sentences read by both L1 and L2 informants. The results showed that using the native Finnish vowel patterns for the Estonian counterparts has been a successful strategy – due to phonetic similarity of the shared vowels in the two languages, the L2 vowels assimilate well to Finnish L1 vowel categories. The L2 learners have acquired proper tongue position for the new vowel category /õ/ in tongue height and in front-back dimension, but deviate from the L1 speakers in use of the lip rounding gesture.
Kokkuvõte. Einar Meister ja Lya Meister: Eesti vokaalid soome emakeelega keelejuhtide häälduses. Artiklis uuriti soome emakeelega keelejuhtide eesti vokaalide hääldust ja võrreldi seda eesti emakeelega keelejuhtide hääldusega. Eesti ja soome vokaalisüsteemid on väga sarnased – kõigil soome vokaalidel on eesti keeles foneetiliselt lähedane vaste. Eesti keeles on lisaks veel üks vokaalikategooria, s.o ümardamata keskkõrge tagavokaal /õ/. Uuringus kasutati eesti ja soome emakeelega keelejuhtide loetud samu lauseid, vokaalide akustiliseks analüüsiks eraldati neist rõhulised vokaalid. Kõigi vokaalide puhul leiti kolme formandi sagedused, millest esimene (F1) on seotud keele kõrgusega, teine (F2) keele ees-tagapoolsusega ja kolmas (F3) huulte ümardatusega. Tulemused näitasid, et (1) tänu soome vokaalide foneetilisele sarnasusele vastavate eesti vokaalidega oli soome emakeelega kõnelejate eesti vokaalide hääldus lähedane eesti emakeelega keelejuhtidele; (2) on omandatud küll /õ/-vokaali hääldusasend nii keele kõrguse (F1) kui ka ees-tagapoolsuse (F2) teljel, kuid F3 väärtuste põhjal paigutub soomlaste hääldatud /õ/ ümarate vokaalide rühma.
Märksõnad: eesti keel, soome keel, L2, vokaalide hääldus, akustiline analüüs
The perception of prominence: a Rapid Prosody Transcription study with Estonian listeners
Authors: Ots Nele , Asu Eva Liina 
Published: December 2019

This study investigates the effect of different prosodic variables (e.g., pitch, syllable duration, presence of pitch accent and intonation boundary) and non-prosodic variables (e.g., type of verbal argument, presence of clause boundary, part-of-speech and number of syllables) on the perception of prominence in spontaneous Estonian. Following the methodology of Rapid Prosody Transcription, 396 randomly selected speech fragments from ten speakers were presented over the internet to 51 prosodically untrained listeners, whose task was to highlight the words they heard as prominent. The same dataset was annotated for intonational pitch accents and boundary tones by two experts. The results demonstrate that the strongest predictors of prominence perception are the pitch and duration of stressed syllables together with the presence of a pitch accent while the non-prosodic variables are somewhat weaker. The study corroborates earlier findings in that the perceptual salience in spoken language processing depends largely on the acoustic signal-based cues.
Kokkuvõte. Nele Ots ja Eva Liina Asu: Prominentsuse taju eesti keeles: prosoodia kiirtranskribeerimise uurimus eesti keele kõnelejatega. Artikkel uurib eri prosoodiliste tunnuste (põhitoon, rõhulise silbi kestus, tooni aktsendi ja intonatsioonipiiri olemasolu) ning mitteprosoodiliste tunnuste (verbi argument, klausipiiri olemasolu, sõnaliik ja silpide arv) mõju prominentsuse tajule spontaanses eesti keeles. Lähtudes prosoodia kiirtranskriptsiooni (Rapid Prosody Transcription, RPT) metodoloogiast, esitati 396 juhuslikult valitud spontaanse kõne lõiku interneti teel 51-le prosoodia valdkonnas koolitamata kuulajale, kelle ülesandeks oli tekstis esile tõsta sõnad, mis kuuldusid neile rõhulisena. Kaks kõneprosoodia uurijat transkribeerisid samades kõne lõikudes tooniaktsendid ja intonatsioonipiirid. Tulemused näitavad, et prominentsuse taju tähtsaimad ennustajad on tooniaktsent, põhitoon ning silbi kestus. Mitteprosoodilised tunnused mõjutavad prominentsuse taju mõnevõrra vähem. Katse tulemused kinnitavad varasemate uurimuste järeldust, et tajutud prominentsus sõltub eelkõige akustilistest signaalipõhistest tunnustest.
Märksõnad: prominentsus, taju, intonatsioon, tooniaktsent, sõnaliik, argumendistruktuur, prosoodia kiirtranskriptsioon (RPT), eesti keel
FLUXOS TURÍSTICOS NA SOCIEDADE CAPITALISTA: MOTIVAÇÕES PARA A VIAGEM E CONSEQUÊNCIAS ESPACIAIS
Authors: Nunes Nathan Da Silva , Gouvêa Daiana Novaes 
Published: December 2019

O turismo se apresenta como importante atividade para a economia contemporânea, atuando na geração de riqueza para grupos capitalistas e modificando espaços urbanos e rurais, paisagens, territórios e lugares, o que o torna objeto de estudo da Geografia. Entretanto, o ato de viajar é anterior ao turismo, relacionando-se incialmente com motivações como o comércio, as guerras e a busca por conhecimento. O acréscimo do turismo às atividades que ocasionam fluxos populacionais ocorre com a ascensão capitalista e as transformações de condições no mundo do trabalho a partir do século XIX. O maior tempo livre conferido ao trabalhador é apropriado por essa nova atividade, que baseia suas práticas no consumo e no espetáculo. Nesse contexto, emergem motivações diversas para o ato de deslocar-se, como a busca por diversão e uma reconexão com o eu interior. A partir disto, o artigo objetiva analisar a construção do fenômeno turístico enquanto bem de consumo na sociedade contemporânea, evidenciando motivações que levam as pessoas a viajar e consequências espaciais desta prática. Para tanto, são utilizados referenciais que tratam da temática empírica e teoricamente, proporcionando o estabelecimento de um debate acerca da mesma.
Codifying Invisible Borders: How Municipal Ordinances Inscribe Market Values on the Landscape in Downtown Los Angeles
Authors: Farabee Mindy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Zoning codes dramatically impact every community they touch. Ostensibly, these ordinances are meant to impose some collectively determined order on our built environments. In practice, they often draw lines in the sand that distribute power unevenly between residents. As home to the U.S.’ second largest homeless population, Los Angeles is but a stark example of the widespread housing crisis hitting many cities around the globe. In the 1970s, this is where the city drew borders around its Skid Row and consolidated social services in a bid to contain homelessness within the region’s urban core. As part of a an ambitious initiative launched in 2013, the city is now updating the zoning codes across its downtown area, a move that is prompting a vigorous debate over the role of municipal ordinances in codifying market-driven approaches to neighborhood revitalization. This interview engages with the Janus face of borders as inclusionary and exclusionary, asking: through what mechanisms – subtle and overt – do zoning codes dictate the shape of our private and communal spaces? And how can communities stake out their turf among competing value systems?
Investigation of the Finite Size Properties of the Ising Model Under Various Boundary Conditions
Authors: Amin Magdy E. , Moubark Mohamed , Amin Yasmin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The one-dimensional Ising model with various boundary conditions is considered. Exact expressions for the thermodynamic and magnetic properties of the model using different kinds of boundary conditions [Dirichlet (D), Neumann (N), and a combination of Neumann–Dirichlet (ND)] are presented in the absence (presence) of a magnetic field. The finite-size scaling functions for internal energy, heat capacity, entropy, magnetisation, and magnetic susceptibility are derived and analysed as function of the temperature and the field. We show that the properties of the one-dimensional Ising model is affected by the finite size of the system and the imposed boundary conditions. The thermodynamic limit in which the finite-size functions approach the bulk case is also discussed.
Nanocrystalline Ga–Zn Oxynitride Materials: Minimized Defect Density for Improved Photocatalytic Activity?
Authors: Lukic Sasa , Busser Gerdina Wilhelmina , Zhang Siyuan , Menze Jasper , Muhler Martin , Scheu Christina , Winterer Markus 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present an alternative synthesis strategy for developing nanocrystalline (Ga1−xZnx)(N1−xOx) semiconductors known to be very efficient photoabsorbers. In a first step we produce mixtures of highly crystalline β-Ga2O3 and wurtzite-type ZnO nanoparticles by chemical vapor synthesis. (Ga1−xZnx)(N1−xOx) nanoparticles of wurtzite structure are then formed by reaction of these precursor materials with ammonia. Microstructure as well as composition (zinc loss) changes with nitridation time: band gap energy, crystallite size and crystallinity increase, while defect density decreases with increasing nitridation time. Crystallite growth results in a corresponding decrease in specific surface area. In the UV regime photocatalytic activity for overall water splitting can be monitored for samples both before and after nitridation. We find a significantly lower photocatalytic activity in the nitrided samples, even though the crystallinity is significantly higher and the defect density is significantly lower after nitridation. Both properties should have led to a lower probability for charge carrier recombination, and, consequently, to a higher photocatalytic activity.
A qualitative evaluation of patients’ perspectives of the FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitor
Authors: Gleeson Amanda , Davies Mark , Roberts Brona , Nugent Ailsh 
Published: December 2019

Background and aims: This qualitative project sought to evaluate the FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitor (FSLFGM) from the perspective of patients of an outpatient diabetes clinic. The aim was to evaluate patients’ experience of the device, and based thereon to create a brief assessment pro-forma for routine clinic use to justify continued prescription.Method: A purposive sample was recruited. Telephone interviews were conducted until saturation was achieved. A total of 10 patients were interviewed using a flexible topic guide created in collaboration with the multidisciplinary diabetes team and a consultative panel of people with diabetes. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interviews.Results and conclusions: Four superordinate themes, along with subordinate themes, were identified and triangulated by members of the multidisciplinary diabetes team: (1) checking bloods; (2) freedom; (3) impact on others; and (4) perceived disadvantages. Overall, patients reported a strongly positive experience of using the FSLGM, with all expressing a desire to continue use. Using these themes, a brief pro-forma was created for use in review clinics to facilitate discussion and to support decision-making about continued prescription.
To the question of theatricality or what begins in the story of Dostoyevsky’s Uncle’s dream?
Authors: Berzaite Dagne 
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the issue of theatricality arising from the reception of Dostoevsky’s novel Uncle’s Dream. Until now, researchers have dwelled on the external scenic elements of the story and have not paid much attention to the nature of the monologues of the main heroine of the story, where the orientation to directing and acting is obvious. Moskaleva’s monologues are not only built “in a theatrical manner” and foreshow the emergence of a complex dialogical structure characteristic of Dostoevsky’s main novels, but at the same time they reveal features characteristic of the future hero – the ideologist of Dostoevsky. And the identification of the Shakespearean leitmotif of the story supports the idea of it as a work in which theatrical elements are intertwined with the prosaic, and at the same time, it reveals the most important topics that are typical in the writer’s further work.
ANALISIS SWOT SEBAGAI DASAR STRATEGI PEMASARAN PADA PRODUK AIRUM (AIR MINUM UM)
Authors: Asy Syahid Nahdia , Suwarni Suwarni 
Published: December 2019

Fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah faktor-faktor yang menjadi kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, serta ancaman dari produk Airum (Air Minum UM), posisi produk “Airum (Air Minum UM)” berdasarkan analisis SWOT dan strategi pemasaran yang dapat diterapkan pada produk “Airum (Air Minum UM)” berdasarkan analisis SWOT. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subyek penelitian adalah properti Pusat Bisnis Universitas Negeri Malang. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis kualitatif deskriptif. Faktor internal perusahaan meliputi kekuatan dan kelemahan perusahaan, sedangkan faktor eksternal perusahaan meliputi peluang dan ancaman. Analisis SWOT merupakan evaluasi terhadap keseluruhan kekuatan, kelemahan,peluang, dan ancaman, dengan analisis SWOT sebuah perusahaan akan mampu menentukan strategi pemasaran yang tepat agar tetap bertahan dalam persaingan yang kompetitif.
Publication Numbers are Increasing at American Research Universities
Authors: Kaari Jennifer 
Published: December 2019

A Review of:
Budd, J. (2017). Faculty publications and citations: a longitudinal examination. College & Research Libraries, 78(1), 80–89. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.78.1.80
Abstract
Objective – To study the publishing output and citation activity of faculty at research universities.
Design – Bibliometric and citation analysis.
Setting – Academic citation databases.
Subjects – Institutions in the United States that are members of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL).
Methods – This study builds on three previous studies conducted by the author looking at faculty publication productivity, which were conducted for three different time periods beginning in 1991. For the present study, the author searched Scopus by institution to collect the total number of publications and citations for the faculty of more than 100 Association of Research Libraries (ARL) member universities, covering the years 2011 to 2013. The author acquired the total number of faculty at each institution from the ARL website. The faculty number from the ARL website and publication and citation data from Scopus were used to calculate the per capita publication and citation numbers for each institution. The author calculated the total mean number of publications and the mean number of per capita publications per university. Chi tests were used to compare the means for statistical significance.
Main Results – The number of both total and per capita publications for each institution went up over the course of all three studies. The mean number of total publications per university for 1991 to 1993, the first time period studied, was 4,595.8; for the time period of the current study, 2011 to 2013, the mean was 9,662.0. For per capita publications, the mean for 1991 to 1993 was 3.56 and the mean for the present study was 5.96. Based on chi-square tests, the results were found to be statistically significant.
Conclusions – The study found that the number of total publications increased significantly over time, exceeding the author’s statistical expectations based on previous work.
MODELAGEM DA RELAÇÃO HIPSOMÉTRICA PARA UM POVOAMENTO URBANO DE Swietenia macrophylla King NO MUNICÍPIO DE MARABÁ, PARÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Da Silva Renildo Medeiros , Mendes Fernanda Da Silva , Souza Deivison Venício , Da Silva Jaquelyne Rosa , De Oliveira Alana Letícia Pereira 
Published: December 2019

As relações hipsométricas têm utilidade na mensuração florestal, pois em várias situações torna-se proeminente a estimativa da altura de uma árvore a partir de funções matemáticas acuradas, diminuindo-se o tempo de execução e os custos de inventários florestais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo ajustar modelos hipsométricos tradicionais e selecionar aquele mais acurado para a predição da altura dos indivíduos de S. macrophylla. Foram selecionados 36 indivíduos de S. macrophylla situados na Praça do Mogno, Marabá, Pará. Foram testados cinco modelos hipsométricos tradicionais, em função da variável diâmetro a 1,30 m do solo (DAP) e suas transformações. Os critérios estatísticos para seleção do melhor modelo foram: i) significância da estatística F-Snedecor da Análise de Variância; ii) coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R²aj); iii) erro padrão da estimativa em porcentagem (Syx%); iv) desvio médio percentual (DMP%); v) análise gráfica de resíduos; vi) significância do teste t-Student dos coeficientes da regressão. O modelo que apresentou mais acurácia na estimativa da altura total foi o Modelo 1 ?H = (DAP) / (-16,6089 + 8,1577. DAP), por ter apresentado os melhores coeficientes (R²aj = 99,95%; Syx% = 0,1840%; DMP% = -0,0010) e excelente comportamento sob análise gráfica residual, sendo, portanto, o modelo indicado.Núcleo de Meio AmbienteUniversidade Federal do ParáRua Augusto Corrêa, 01, GuamáBelém, Pará, Brasilhttps://periodicos.ufpa.br/index.php/agroecossistemas PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Mogno, Modelos hipsométricos tradicionais, Regressão linear.
Desafios da sociedade da informação na recuperação e uso de informações em ambientes digitais
Authors: Delfino Samyr Santos , Pinho Neto Júlio Afonso Sá de , Sousa Marckson Roberto Ferreira de 
Published: December 2019

Para a sociedade contemporânea, também conhecida como sociedade da informação, a informação é considerada como sendo o seu bem de maior valor. Porém, mesmo sendo o cerne dessa nova sociedade, o grande volume de informação desencadeia uma série problemas. A liberdade na comunicação, possível através do uso da internet e das redes sociais, associadas à ausência de hierarquia na produção e disseminação na internet potencializa o surgimento de uma inundação de informações que dificultam a capacidade de análise e crítica por parte dos seus usuários. Problemas como pós-verdade, fake-news e desinformação se tornam cada vez mais comuns e despertam questionamentos referentes à qualidade dos integrantes dessa sociedade, uma vez que a formação de opinião sofre influência direta da qualidade das informações disponíveis na internet e nas redes sociais. Pensando nisso, se vê como oportuno a realização de uma pesquisa bibliográfica com a finalidade de mapear ações visando a identificação das fake-news no contexto da pós-verdade, bem como, combater a sua produção e disseminação, pois no atual momento em que a sociedade da informação se encontra, percebe-se o surgimento de potenciais problemas relacionados ao grande volume de informações disponíveis.
Antibacterial Activity of Rhamnus prinoides extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Authors: geta kindu , Kibret Mulugeta 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Medicinal plants offer a major and accessible source of health care to people living in developing countries. Increasing in resistant microbial infections intensified the search for new, safer, and more efficacious agents to combat serious microbial infections. Acanthus sennii is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for treatment of different infectious diseases in Ethiopian. Therefore, this research was carried out to evaluate antibacterial activity of Acanthus sennii against pathogenic bacteria. The antimicrobial activity tests of the plant extracts against pathogenic bacteria were carried out by the agar well diffusion method. Broth dilution and streak plate method were used to determine MIC and MBC of extracts respectively. The results revealed that ethanol extracts of leaves showed the highest antibacterial activity against standard strains of S.aureus with inhibition zone of 14±0.58mm and 17±0.67mm at 50mg/ml and at 25mg/ml respectively. Ethanol extracts of buds showed the highest antibacterial activity against standard strains of S.aureus with inhibition zone of 25.67±0.67mm at 100mg/ml. The lowest mean MIC value (2.6±0.52 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of leaves against standard strains and clinical isolates of S. aureus. The lowest mean MBC value (4.2±1.04 mg/ml) was recorded with ethanol extract of leaves against standard strains of S. aureu. Acanthus sennii could be a good candidate in the search for new antibacterial agents from natural products against bacterial pathogens. Therefore, further studies are needed to study their toxicology and isolate the bio- active components from this plant.
Key words: Acanthus sennii, Antibacterial activity, MIC, MBC, pathogenic bacteria
Comparison of Serum Exosome Isolation Methods on Co-precipitated Free MicroRNAs
Authors: Cheng Yirui , Qu Xiangyun , Dong Zhaonan , Zeng Qingyu , Ma Xueqing , Jia Yunli , Li Ruochen , Jiang Xiaoxu , Williams Cecilia , Wang Tao , Xia Weiliang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundExosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles containing different biomolecules such as proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) that mediate intercellular communication. Recently, numerous studies have reported the important functions of exosomal miRNAs in disease development and the potential clinical application as diagnostic biomarkers. Up to now, the most commonly used methods to extract exosomes are ultracentrifugation (UC) and precipitation-based commercial kit (e.g., ExoQuick). Generally, both UC and ExoQuick method could co-isolate contaminating proteins along with exosomes, with the UC method yielding even purer exosomes than ExoQuick. However, the comparison of these two methods on co-precipitated free miRNAs is still unknown.ResultsIn this study, we isolated exosomes from the human serum with exogenously added cel-miR-39 by UC and ExoQuick and compared the proportion of cel-miR-39 co-precipitated with exosomes extracted by these two methods. Using exogenous cel-miR-39 as free miRNAs in serum, we concluded that ExoQuick co-isolates a small proportion of free miRNAs while UC hardly precipitates any free miRNAs. We also found that incubation at 37℃ for 1 h could decrease the proportion of free miRNAs, and exosomal miRNAs like miR-126 and miR-152 also decreased when RNase A was used.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our findings provide essential information about the details of serum exosome isolation methods for further research on exosomal miRNAs.