bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The triad macrosomia, obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia in gestational diabetes
Authors: Gorban de Lapertosa Silvia , Alvariñas Jorge , Elgart Jorge F. , Salzberg Susana , Gagliardino Juan J. ,   the EduGest group
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsOffspring of women with gestational diabetes (GD) have more macrosomia than newborns of normal mothers. We studied macrosomia frequency, possible pathogenesis, and main predictors of its appearance at different gestational ages.Materials and MethodsA total of 1870 pregnant women with GD were recruited in primary care centres and maternity hospitals in the Argentine provinces of Corrientes, Chaco, Buenos Aires, and in Buenos Aires City; 1088 completed gestation and delivered an infant. We collected clinical and metabolic data, personal and obstetric history, and gestational and delivery characteristics. Presence of macrosomia was analysed in the whole population, the entire pregnancy, and in each trimester of gestation. Data were statistically analysed and values were expressed as mean ± SD and percentages. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee and all participants signed informed consent.ResultsMacrosomia was found in 12.9% of newborns and obesity in all mothers with no significant differences between mothers with/without macrosomic offspring. In early pregnancy, the main significant indicators of macrosomia were: history of dyslipidaemia (5.6% vs 1.2%, respectively) and macrosomia in previous pregnancies (27% vs 13%, respectively). However, the third trimester showed a significant combination of higher BMI, FBG, and triglycerides.ConclusionsOffspring of women with GD presented macrosomia in 12.9% of cases, maternal history of dyslipidaemia and macrosomia in previous pregnancies being early predictors. The combination of maternal obesity, FBG, and hypertriglyceridemia became significant during the last trimester of pregnancy.
Patient Welfare and Trust
Authors: Haupt Laura 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis January‐February 2020 issue marks the start of the Hastings Center Report's fiftieth volume. The issue introduces the column Looking Back, Looking Forward, which we plan to run in this volume only. Conceived by Hastings Center fellows Douglas Diekema and Lainie Friedman Ross, the column will explore the significance of landmark publications from the first fifty years of bioethics. For the first installment, Diekema looks at the unconventional moral position Hans Jonas took in his 1969 essay “Philosophical Reflections on Experimenting with Human Subjects.” In the lead article, “Trust, Risk, and Race in American Medicine,” Laura Specker Sullivan contextualizes patient mistrust within a history of racism in general and in the nation's biomedical research and clinical institutions specifically. Specker Sullivan proposes ways for individual clinicians to improve relationships with distrustful patients and their families. Two commentaries provide additional insights and recommendations about the work of earning patient trust.
“Do we have to replace the balloon pump when it fails?”
Authors: Bibler Trevor M. , Crist Jamie M. , Malek Janet , Childress Andrew M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMrs. Duong had coronary artery disease, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and mildly altered mental status when her case was presented before an advanced heart therapy medical review board. She was accepted for left ventricular assist device placement pending additional insight into her cognitive state. Before the LVAD could be implanted, however, Mrs. Duong went into cardiogenic shock, and her heart failure team placed an intra‐aortic balloon pump in her subclavian artery. Within two weeks, Mrs. Duong became IABP dependent and deconditioned. The attending deemed her as lacking capacity to make complex medical decisions, and the medical review board officially declined her for LVAD placement. The heart failure and CICU teams feel that Mrs. Duong is not being helped by the care they are giving her. They recommend terminal weaning of the IABP and initiation of comfort care. Her family disagrees, pointing to activities like continued eating and interacting with family. At an impasse after yet another family meeting, the attending for the heart failure team asks the clinical ethics consultant, “Do we have to replace the balloon pump when it fails?”
Medically Assisted Dying and Suicide: How Are They Different, and How Are They Similar?
Authors: Friesen Phoebe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe practice of medically assisted dying has long been contentious, and the question of what to call it has become increasingly contentious as well. Particularly among U.S. proponents of legalizing the practice, there has been a growing push away from calling it “physician‐assisted suicide,” with assertions that medically assisted dying is fundamentally different from suicide. Digging deeper into this claim about difference leads to an examination of the difference between two kinds of suffering—suffering from physical conditions and suffering from psychological conditions—and therefore leads also toward an examination of whether requests for medical assistance in dying by those suffering from psychological conditions and those suffering from physical conditions should be painted with the same brush.In this article, I aim both to illuminate some of the considerations that ought to be included in discussions related to medically assisted dying and to shed light on what the indirect effects of such discussions can be. I consider some of the reasons commonly given for holding that suicide and medically assisted dying differ fundamentally and then whether the conclusion that medically assisted dying should not be called “suicide” follows from the premises. I ask what else might justify the conclusion that the two acts ought to be called by different names, and I examine possible justifications for accepting this premise, as well as what justifications might exist for emphasizing how the acts are alike. Finally, I argue that we should be cautious before concluding that medically assisted dying should not be called “suicide.” We need more evidence either that the two acts are fundamentally different or that emphasizing differences between them is not likely to do more harm than good.
Silencing of long noncoding RNA LEF1‐AS1 prevents the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via the crosstalk with microRNA‐136‐5p/WNK1
Authors: Dong Hui , Jian Peng , Yu Mengchu , Wang Lixin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized as cancer‐associated biological molecules, favoring hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. This study was conducted to elucidate the effects lncRNA lymphoid enhancer‐binding Factor 1 antisense RNA (LEF1‐AS1) on the pathological development of HCC, along with the crosstalk involving microRNA‐136‐5p (miR‐136‐5p) and with‐no‐K (lysine) kinase 1 (WNK1). The study recruited primary HCC tissues and their corresponding nonneoplastic liver tissues. The gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies were performed in HCC cells HuH‐7 and tumor xenografts in nude mice. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay system, RNA pull‐down, and radioimmunoprecipitation assays were applied to detect their interactions among lncRNA LEF1‐AS1, miR‐136‐5p, and WNK1. 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine staining, scratch test, Transwell assays, and in vitro tube formation assays were conducted to examine HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and HUVEC angiogenesis. HCC tissues and cells contained high lncRNA LEF1‐AS1 expression. LncRNA LEF1‐AS1 upregulation triggered markedly increased HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis. In vivo silencing lncRNA LEF1‐AS1 resulted in reduced tumor cell vitality and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 and the vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Additionally, the role of lncRNA LEF1‐AS1 was found to be largely dependent on WNK1. Association of lncRNA LEF1‐AS1 with WNK1 blocked the inhibitory effect of miR‐136‐5p on WNK1, which was confirmed by in vivo experiments. Altogether, our results revealed an important role of lncRNA LEF1‐AS1 in regulating the HCC progression by regulating WNK1, providing a potential biomarker for the therapeutic modalities regarding HCC.
Phosphorus fractionation and protein content control chemical phosphorus removal from corn biorefinery streams
Authors: Aguiar Samuel , Yang Linhan , Zhang Manying , Sharma Navneet , Singh Vijay , Cusick Roland D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe economic viability of corn biorefineries depends heavily on the sale of coproducts as animal feeds, but elevated phosphorus (P) contents can exacerbate manure management issues. Phosphorus removal from light steep water and thin stillage, two concentrated in‐process aqueous streams at wet milling and dry‐grind corn biorefineries, could simultaneously generate concentrated fertilizer and low‐P animal feeds, but little is known regarding how differences in stream composition affect removal. To address this data gap, we show that the solubility of P in light steep filtrate (LSF) and thin stillage filtrate (TSF) exhibits distinct sensitivity to calcium (Ca) and base addition due to differences in P fractionation and protein abundance. In LSF, P was primarily organic, and near‐complete removal of P (96%) was observed at pH 8 and a Ca/total P (TP) ratio of 2. In TSF, TP removal was lower (81%), and there was more equal distribution of organic and orthophosphate, indicating that the Ca requirements of inorganic P precipitation were a limiting factor. The C/H/N ratio, elemental characterization, and crude protein analysis of the precipitated solids indicated that coprecipitation of amorphous solids containing Ca, Mg, and K with soluble proteins facilitated removal of P, particularly in LSF. Although the removal mechanisms and solubility limits differed, these results highlighted the magnitude (40–70 mM) and efficacy (80–96%) of P recovery from two biorefinery streams.
Spectrophotometric study of ketoconazole binding with citrate capped silver nanoparticles and its monitoring in human plasma samples
Authors: Pashazadeh‐Panahi Paria , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Eivazzadeh‐Keihan Reza 
Published: February 2020

AbstractKetoconazole or Nizoral is an antifungal medication used to treat various type of fungal infections. It has been reported that this antifungal agent is able to induce a variety of heart function side effects, such as long‐QT syndrome, and ventricular arrhythmias. Hence, prescribing, identifying and controlling the side effects of medications such as ketoconazole is essential for human safety. In this study, a distinct and fast colorimetric probe based on citrate capped silver nanoparticles (Cit‐AgNPs) was introduced for determination of trace amounts of ketoconazole. Cit‐AgNPs were synthesized trough a novel method and applied for the quantification of ketoconazole in human plasma samples. Ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microcopy, dynamic light scattering, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis, have been utilized for characterization of Cit‐AgNPs. It was revealed that in the presence of ketoconazole, the absorption intensity of Cit‐AgNPs was decreased by increasing the ketoconazole concentration. Moreover, this reaction is accompanied by a color change from shiny yellow to brown/red in acidic pH. Under acidic pH and optimum condition, the calibration graph of the assay was linear in the range of 0.1 to 0.8 μM. According to the obtained results Cit‐AgNPs can be used as a novel probe for the sensitive and specific detection and determination of similar drugs in clinical samples. Also, this method open a new way to biomedical analyses of pharmaceutical samples which is necessary in TDM.
Stage I‐laparoscopy partial ALPPS procedure for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Balci Deniz , Kirimker Elvan Onur , Üstüner Evren , Yilmaz Ali Abbas , Azap Alpay 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe treatment for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) is a challenge for the surgeon requiring complex resections with a reported perioperative mortality rate between 15% and 48%. In PHC patients with future liver remnant (FLR) less than 30%, it is advised that hepatectomy can be safely performed after the FLR is modified. Associating Liver Partition and Portal vein ligation for Staged Hepatectomy (ALPPS) procedure is criticized heavily due to its high morbidity and mortality rate in this setting. Hereby, we are reporting a modification of ALPPS procedure for PHC. Clinical presentation, preoperative work‐up as well as operation and postoperative course of two cases were described in detail. Both patients were jaundiced preoperatively, stage 1 partial‐ALPPS procedures were performed laparoscopically, there was sufficient remnant hypertrophy during the interval stage and there was no posthepatectomy liver failure after the second stage (Supporting Information Video). We have followed patients with a mean follow up of 35 months without any recurrence. Here we describe the key technical aspects of this approach that are discussed in three parts: minimally invasive first stage, biliary drainage of both FLR, and deportalized liver at first stage and biliary reconstruction at the second stage. This technique, in selected patients, can extend the indication of ALPPS procedure for PHC with preoperative jaundice.
Thermally Triggered Injectable Underwater Adhesives
Authors: Vahdati Mehdi , Ducouret Guylaine , Creton Costantino , Hourdet Dominique 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA novel bioinspired underwater adhesive based on the injectable aqueous solution of a graft copolymer with a thermoresponsive backbone is reported, which turns into a sticky hydrogel just below body temperature. With this topology, the collapse of the backbones upon the thermal transition leads to the formation of a percolating network of strong hydrophobic domains. Similar to pressure‐sensitive adhesives (PSAs), the hydrogel goes through fibrillation and extensive energy dissipation in large deformations, giving it an edge over conventional chemical hydrogels, which are typically elastic and inherently nonsticky. This capability comes from the hydrophobic nanoscaffold, which resists large deformations to minimize its contact with water. Since hydrophobic interactions are not weakened in water, the behavior of the hydrogel is maintained in aqueous medium. Chemistry‐insensitive adhesion of this hydrogel offers a major advantage over current injectable adhesives, which rely on in situ chemical crosslinking reactions with tissues.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Chemical Sensors Based on Amorphous Chalcogenide Waveguides
Authors: Baschir Laurentiu , Popescu Aurelian A. , Savastru Dan , Miclos Sorin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSoftware uses matrices method for finding the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is developed and calculations are provided for four‐layer thin‐film geometry. Numerical simulations concerning SPR curves with As2S3 amorphous chalcogenide film are done. The structure is very sensitive to changes of refractive indices of liquids that are in contact with amorphous film. The SPR sharpness is higher in comparison with well‐known three‐layer Kretschmann configuration that means better sensibility up to 10−5 of chemical sensors based on optical SPR.
A Novel Polystyrene Nanocomposite with Fully Phenyl POSSs Functionalized
Authors: Blanco Ignazio , Bottino Francesco A. , Ognibene Giulia , Cicala Gianluca 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes/polystyrene (POSS/PS) nanocomposites are synthesized by in situ polymerization of styrene, in the presence of 5% w/w of POSS in which two identical silicon cages Ar7(SiO1.5)8 (with Ar═Phenyl) are linked to different rigid molecular bridges. The obtained nanocomposites are characterized by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The resistance to the thermal degradation is evaluated by measuring the temperature at 5% mass loss (T5%), whose values for the prepared nanocomposites are largely higher than those found for PS, in the same experimental conditions. SEM analysis showed a good dispersion of the molecular filler within the matrix, thus providing a justification for the increasing in PS/POSSs thermal stability.
Statical Analysis of Slosh Noise Baffle
Authors: Manta (Balaş) Oana‐Maria , Balaş Radu , Murzac Roman , Ulmeanu Mihaela , Doicin Cristian Vasile 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyze the behavior of baffle solution assembled on a pump module inside an automotive fuel tank. The originality comes from the baffle design which is adapted to a serial life tank definition to decrease the slosh noise impact generated by over storage of kinetic energy. The hypothesis that stays at the basis of the static analysis is to evaluate the deformation and the yielding strength considering a calculated maximum possible theoretical force existent in the fuel tank. The added value of this study is to identify the limitations of the technical solution to decide if design modifications for further studies should be considered for physical tests.
Directional beaming of surface plasmon polaritons from a metallic nanochannels with defected surface cavity
Authors: Mudhafer A. , Shaaban Raed M. , Shary Diyah K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the directional excitation of surface plasmon polarities (SPPs) was investigated with numerical simulations in two plasmonic structures based on the metallic nanochannels with bumps. The simulation of SPPs and directional propagating fields on the output interface was carried out by employing a finite element method implemented by COMSOL Multiphysics. By analyzing behavior of the instantaneous electric field and power flow, the introduction of dielectric‐metal (DM) bumps produced an enhancement of the directionality and confinement of the output field in comparison with the case of metallic bumps. Since the DM bumps can form the vertical MDM Fabry‐Pérot (FP) cavity modes which are coupling with FP surface cavity modes between two bumps. The simulation results show that the optimized FP cavity length, dielectric thickness of layer in DM bumps and dielectric thickness of the layer between two bumps is crucial for the enhancement of the directional beaming effects. It is hoped that these outcomes can be used in several potential applications such as directional coupler (generator), plasmonic circuits, and nanoresolution optical beaming.
Position of Ibero‐American Society of Neurourology and UroGynecology (SINUG) on the use of vaginal meshes in pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Martín‐Martínez Alicia , Müller‐Arteaga Carlos , Blasco‐Hernández Pedro , Padilla‐Fernández Bárbara , Martínez‐García Roberto , Errando‐Smet Carlos , Vicente‐Palacio Eduardo , Cruz Francisco , Castro‐Díaz David , López‐Fando Luis , Ros‐Cerro Cristina , Arlandis‐Guzmán Salvador , Espuña‐Pons Montserrat 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsPelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a very prevalent condition with a great impact on women's quality of life. At present, there is great controversy regarding the use of mesh in POP surgery. To understand the current moment, it is advisable to make a brief summary of the historical evolution of mesh use for pelvic floor pathology. The aim of this paper is to establish the position of the Ibero‐American Society of Neurourology and UroGynecology (SINUG for its acronym in Spanish) regarding vaginal mesh reconstructive surgery.MethodsA working committee from the SINUG's scientific board performed a literature search about the use of vaginal meshes for pelvic organ prolapse reconstructive surgery and about the position of different societies. We analyzed the evolution into three periods: before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) statement, FDA statement, and after the statement. SINUG drew up a position statement regarding vaginal mesh reconstructive surgery, based on the available scientific evidence and the evolution of its use in different contexts.ResultsBefore mesh appearance in the 1990s, native tissue repair was the surgical treatment of choice for POP. Vaginal mesh reconstructive surgery has been frequently accompanied by procedure underestimation by inexperienced surgeons, besides inadequate diagnoses and indications. This situation led to the presentation of serious complications including mesh extrusion, exposure, and contraction.ConclusionsOnce reviewed the available evidence and the position of different societies, SINUG presents its vision in this communication, which is a summary of the document prepared by the society's scientific board.
Outcomes of Macroplastique injections for stress urinary incontinence after suburethral sling removal
Authors: Rodríguez Dayron , Carroll Timothy , Alhalabi Feras , Carmel Maude , Zimmern Philippe E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate outcomes following urethral Macroplastique (MPQ) injection in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) following suburethral sling removal (SSR) for synthetic sling complications.MethodsFollowing Institutional Review Board approval, charts of non‐neurogenic women with SUI after SSR who underwent MPQ injection(s) and had at least 6 months minimum follow‐up were reviewed from a prospectively maintained database. Demographic data, questionnaire (Urogenital Distress Inventory‐6 [UDI‐6] and Quality of Life) scores, and pad usage were recorded. Patients were followed with repeat questionnaires and three‐dimensional ultrasound evaluating MPQ volume. Success following MPQ was defined as a composite score of a UDI‐6 question 3 score of 0 to 1 at last visit and no additional anti‐incontinence therapy.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2018, 70 women with mean age 62.7 years met study criteria. At a mean follow‐up of 46.4 ± 1.5 months, the success rate after the first MPQ injection was 46%. Following a repeat MPQ injection when indicated, the overall success rate for the entire cohort was 69%. Despite the objective failure, the majority of patients reported subjective improvement (83%) and reduced pad usage (78%). On multivariate analysis: age, body mass index, previous hysterectomy, hormone replacement therapy, type of sling removed and baseline urodynamics (UDS) parameters were not predictors of MPQ failure. Higher parity was a predictor of MPQ failure (hazard ratio = 1.980; P = .032).ConclusionMPQ injection is a durable and effective management option for SUI following SSR, although a second injection may be required to achieve the desired success.
Design optimization using multiple dominance relations
Authors: Cook Laurence W. , Willcox Karen E. , Jarrett Jerome P. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryA challenge in engineering design is to choose suitable objectives and constraints from many quantities of interest, while ensuring an optimization is both meaningful and computationally tractable. We propose an optimization formulation that can take account of more quantities of interest than existing formulations, without reducing the tractability of the problem. This formulation searches for designs that are optimal with respect to a binary relation within the set of designs that are optimal with respect to another binary relation. We then propose a method of finding such designs in a single optimization by defining an overall ranking function to use in optimizers, reducing the cost required to solve this formulation. In a design under uncertainty problem, our method obtains the most robust design that is not stochastically dominated faster than a multiobjective optimization. In a car suspension design problem, our method obtains superior designs according to a k‐optimality condition than previously suggested multiobjective approaches to this problem. In an airfoil design problem, our method obtains designs closer to the true lift/drag Pareto front using the same computational budget as a multiobjective optimization.