bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Hypothermia in Transport Permits Earlier Treatment Regardless of Transfer Distance
Authors: Leon Rachel L. , Krause Katherine E. , Sides Rebecca S. , Koch Mary Beth , Trautman Michael S. , Mietzsch Ulrike 
Published: October 2020

Objective Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is currently the only effective therapy available to improve outcomes in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and has maximal effect when initiated within 6 hours of birth. Neonates affected by HIE are commonly born outside of cooling centers and transport is a barrier to timely initiation. In this study, we sought to determine if the initiation of servo-controlled TH in transport allowed neonates to reach target temperature earlier, without a significant delay in the transfer process, for both local and long-distance transport.
Study Design In this single-center cohort study of neonates referred to a level IV neonatal intensive care unit for TH, we determined the chronologic age at which target temperature was reached for those cooled in transport. Short-term outcome measures were assessed, including survival, incidence of electrographic seizures, discharge feeding method, and length of hospitalization.
Results In a study population of 85 neonates, those receiving TH during transport (n = 23), achieved target temperature (33–34°C) 77 minutes sooner (230 ± 71 vs. 307 ± 79 minutes of life (MOL); p < 0.001). Locally transported neonates (<15 miles) achieved target temperature 69 minutes earlier (215 ± 48 vs. 284 ± 74 MOL; p < 0.01). TH during long-distance transports allowed neonates to reach target temperature 81 minutes sooner (213 ± 85 vs. 294 ± 79 MOL; p < 0.01). Infants who were cooled in transport discharged 4 days earlier (13.7 ± 8 vs. 17.8 ± 13 days; p = 0.18) and showed a significantly higher rate of oral feeding at discharge (95 vs. 71%; p = 0.03).
Conclusion For those starting TH in transport, time to target temperature was decreased. In our cohort, cooling in transport was associated with improved short-term outcomes, although additional studies are needed to correlate these findings with long-term outcomes.
Key Points
Inflammatory Proteins in the Amniotic Fluid, Plasma, and Cervicovaginal Fluid for the Prediction of Intra-Amniotic Infection/Inflammation and Imminent Preterm Birth in Preterm Labor
Authors: Kim Su A. , Park Kyo H. , Lee Seung M. , Kim Yu M. , Hong Subeen 
Published: October 2020

Objective This study was aimed to develop models using multiple cytokine/chemokine levels in cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) and plasma and widely used noninvasive parameters that have better accuracy for predicting intra-amniotic infection and/or inflammation (IAI) and imminent spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD, ≤48 hours) in women with preterm labor (PTL).
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of 95 singleton pregnant women with PTL (23–34 weeks) who underwent amniocentesis. Both CVF and plasma samples were obtained at the time of amniocentesis, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured. The amniotic fluid (AF), CVF, and plasma samples were assayed for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) levels using a multiplex immunoassay kit.
Results The levels of most cytokines/chemokines measured in the AF and CVF were significantly higher in the women with than in those without IAI and imminent SPTD, whereas only high-plasma IL-10 level showed a significant association with imminent SPTD. In predicting IAI, proteins in AF had significantly higher areas under the curves (AUCs) than those in CVF and plasma. However, for predicting imminent SPTD, no significant differences in the AUCs of the outcome-associated proteins were observed among the measurements in AF, CVF, and maternal plasma. By using stepwise regression analyses, noninvasive models (using protein levels in CVF and baseline clinical parameters) were developed for the prediction of IAI and imminent SPTD. The AUC of these noninvasive models were similar to those of the invasive models (using AF protein levels and baseline clinical parameters).
Conclusion Noninvasive models based on CVF cytokine/chemokine levels and widely used noninvasive parameters (especially CRP) act as good indicators for predicting the risk of IAI and imminent SPTD in women with PTL. Evaluation of cytokine/chemokine levels in plasma samples did not add valuable information regarding the two outcome measures in the PTL setting.
Key Points
Perceptions on the use of heritage to teach history in Secondary Education teachers in training
Authors: Felices-De la Fuente María del Mar , Chaparro-Sainz Álvaro , Rodríguez-Pérez Raimundo A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecently, heritage education has undergone significant development, consolidating itself as a scientific discipline in the last two decades. In this sense, it is a key element for teaching history and training social and civic skills. However, in Spanish school contexts the presence of heritage in connection with historical education is currently scarce and anecdotal. Transforming this situation necessarily involves knowing the opinion of future Secondary Education teachers about the possibilities that they grant to heritage to develop historical thinking. Only in this way it is possible to detect the needs that future teachers show to intervene in them and improve training processes at the university. Therefore, this paper analyses the perceptions of heritage in future secondary education teachers at three Spanish universities (Malaga, Almeria, and Murcia), with a total sample of 112 participants (n = 112). It combines a quantitative study using a Likert scale questionnaire, with a qualitative one, by means of a series of open questions about the participants’ perceptions of teaching methodologies and didactic resources. This allows some striking conclusions to be drawn, as well as certain contradictions that allude to the gap between the hegemonic forms of teaching that they have known as students, and those that they would like to develop when they enter teaching. These trainee teachers attach great importance to the use of tangible and intangible heritage to teach history and make it an attractive subject. They also show great interest in local history, museums, and new technologies. All of this is rarely used in the teaching of history in Spain at the Secondary Education stage, and therefore is a deficiency that future teachers recognize needs addressing. The teaching of heritage should promote a greater role for students, making them builders of their own learning. This means acquiring not only concepts, but above all skills and civic values, based on the study of heritage.
Covariant Noether charges for type IIB and 11-dimensional supergravities
Authors: Dias Óscar J C , Hartnett Gavin S , Santos Jorge E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The covariant Noether charge formalism (also known as the covariant phase method) of Wald and collaborators, including its cohomological extension, is a manifestly covariant Hamiltonian formalism that, in principle, allows one to define and compute the energy, angular momenta, and chemical potentials of generic solutions of gravitational theories. However, it has been observed that for some supergravity solutions the variation of the Noether charge is not (at least manifestably) integrable, and as a result it is unclear whether there are well-defined thermodynamic charges for these solutions. In this work, we derive an expression for the variation of the covariant Noether charges for any solution of type IIB 10-dimensional supergravity or 11-dimensional supergravity. Although this Noether quantity is not integrable in general, we show that for asymptotically scale-invariant solutions, it is. In particular, the asymptotic scale-invariance allows one to define an energy density and conjugate chemical potentials which obey a first law of thermodynamics and a Smarr relation. These two thermodynamic relations can then be shown to imply that the variation of the Noether charge is integrable, and accordingly the energy and other thermodynamic charges may be defined unambiguously. We explicitly demonstrate and illustrate our claim by computing the thermodynamic charges of two non-trivial supergravity solutions that were recently constructed: (1) the Polchinski–Strassler black brane that is dual to the deconfined phase of

N
=

1

*

theory, and (2) the CGLP black brane that asymptotes to the mass deformed Cvetič–Gibbons–Lü–Pope (CGLP) solution.
Three-dimensional Fabry–Pérot cavities sculpted on fiber tips using a multiphoton polymerization process
Authors: Smith Jonathan W , Williams Jeremiah C , Suelzer Joseph S , Usechak Nicholas G , Chandrahalim Hengky 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper presents 3D Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavities fabricated directly onto cleaved ends of low-loss optical fibers by a two-photon polymerization (2PP) process. This fabrication technique is quick, simple, and inexpensive compared to planar microfabrication processes, which enables rapid prototyping and the ability to adapt to new requirements. These devices also utilize true 3D design freedom, facilitating the realization of microscale optical elements with challenging geometries. Three different device types were fabricated and evaluated: an unreleased single-cavity device, a released dual-cavity device, and a released hemispherical mirror dual-cavity device. Each iteration improved the quality of the FP cavity’s reflection spectrum. The unreleased device demonstrated an extinction ratio around 1.90, the released device achieved 61, and the hemispherical device achieved 253, providing a strong signal to observe changes in the free spectral range of the device’s reflection response. The reflectance of the photopolymer was also estimated to be between 0.2 and 0.3 over the spectrum of interest. The dual-cavity devices include both an open cavity, which can interact with an interstitial medium, and a second solid cavity, which provides a static reference reflection. The hemispherical dual-cavity device further improves the quality of the reflection signal with a more consistent resonance, and reduced sensitivity to misalignment. These advanced features, which are very challenging to realize with traditional planar microfabrication techniques, are fabricated in a single patterning step. The usability of these FP cavities as thermal radiation sensors with excellent linear response and sensitivity over a broad range of temperature is reported. The 3D structuring capability the 2PP process has enabled the creation of a suspended FP heat sensor that exhibited linear response over the temperature range of 20 ºC –120 ºC; temperature sensitivity of ∼50 pm ºC−1 at around 1550 nm wavelength; and sensitivity improvement of better than 9x of the solidly-mounted sensors.
Inner shell photofragmentation of 2Cl-pyrimidine studied by mass spectrometry and electron–ion coincidence experiments
Authors: Bolognesi Paola , Kettunen Antti , O’Keeffe Patrick , Richter Robert , Cartoni Antonella , Casavola Anna Rita , Castrovilli Mattea C , Tosic Sanja , Marinkovic Bratislav P , Avaldi Lorenzo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Photoelectron spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and electron–ion coincidence experiments combined with tunable synchrotron radiation have been used to study the decay and fragmentation of 2Cl-pyrimidine after Cl(2p), C(1s) and N(1s) excitations. The goal is to investigate how the state- and site-selected excitation and the chemical environment affect the fragmentation paths of the molecule and to make a comparison with fragmentation induced by direct valence ionization. It has been found that the site-selective inner shell excitation affects the branching ratio of the fragments, while the particular fragmentation channels of the cation are determined by the final state populated in the resonant decay of the core excited states. Effects of nuclear motion in the core excited states and the possible ultrafast molecular dissociation following the Cl(2p → σ
*) core excitation are discussed.
Development of an application to visualise the spread of scattered radiation in radiography using augmented reality
Authors: Nishi Kazuki , Fujibuchi Toshioh , Yoshinaga Takashi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As radiation is widely used in medical institutions, the lack of radiation protection education for health workers increases the risk of radiation exposure. The purpose of this study is to develop an application for radiation medical personnel that visualises the distribution of scattered radiation by using augmented reality (AR). The irradiation conditions for mobile chest and pelvic radiography were simulated using Monte Carlo simulations (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System). Monte Carlo results were verified using physical measurements. The behaviour of scattered radiation was displayed three-dimensionally in virtual reality using ParaView. Subsequently, an application to visualise scattered rays was developed in Unity for tablet devices. An application with a sense of reality was developed by visualising the scattered radiation distribution of a mobile imaging in a real space in AR in a three-dimensional size, which is close to the actual size. The radiation dose could be estimated at any position and the behaviour of scattered radiation became easier to understand.
A facile synthesis of CoMn2O4 nanosheets on reduced graphene oxide for non-enzymatic glucose sensing
Authors: Dong Min , Hu Hongli , Ding Shujiang , Wang Changcheng , Li Long 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A non-enzymatic sensor nanomaterial which is composed of ultra-thin scaly CoMn2O4 nanosheets grown on the surface of reduced graphene oxide sheets (CoMn2O4 NSs/rGO) has been successfully synthesized by a simple method for glucose sensing. The morphology and elemental composition of CoMn2O4 NSs/rGO are researched by means of x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry are used to analyse the glucose oxidation characteristics of the material. The test results show that the non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on CoMn2O4 NSs/rGO has excellent glucose sensing performance, exhibiting a wide linear range of 0.1–30 mM with high sensitivity of 6830.5 μA mM−1 cm−2, which is better than other glucose sensors. In addition, the CoMn2O4 NSs/rGO sensor has superior anti-interference and stability. More importantly, the sensor can be applied to the measurement of real sample, which makes it have the potential to become a reliable clinical glucose sensor.
Selective growth of ZnO nanorods by thickness contrast in In-doped ZnO quantum dots seed layer
Authors: Baek Seung-Eun , Khang Dahl-Young 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Selective growth of ZnO nanorods (NRs) have been demonstrated using thickness contrast in In-doped ZnO (IZO) quantum dot (QD) seed layer. The use of IZO QD as a seed layer has enabled the direct growth of ZnO NRs on soft substrates such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Depending on the annealing temperature, the seed layers show different grain sizes: as the annealing temperature increases, the seed grain size also increases accordingly. Interestingly, the hydrothermal growth of ZnO NRs has been found to depend on the seed grain size: the larger grain seed sample shows earlier start of growth compared to smaller seed grain counterpart. The same growth behavior has been found in the growth of ZnO NRs on seed layers having different thickness, due again to the difference in seed grain size. To advantageously exploit the observed growth behavior, the IZO QDs seed layers have been patterned by soft lithographic technique, which led to the formation of alternating thin/thick region periodically. On this patterned seed surface, the thin regions showed earlier start of NRs growth compared to thick regions, enabling the spatially selective growth of ZnO NRs. When applied for acetone gas sensors, the selectively grown sample showed better performance than the non-selectively grown counterpart. The low resistance in air, due to increased amount of chemisorbed oxygen, has been found to be responsible for the inferior sensor performance with non-selectively grown sample.
Determining of the spring constant using Arduino
Authors: Çoban Atakan , Çoban Niyazi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this study, the spring constant was determined within the scope of Hooke’s law. For this purpose, an Arduino MEGA, an HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor, and a 1 kg Load Cell Mass Sensor was used. Sensors and microprocessor are mounted on a plane. One end of the spring is mounted on the force sensor, and a wooden rod, perceived by the distance sensor, is mounted on the other end of the spring. In the data collection element of the study, the spring is slowly extended from its equilibrium position. In this process, elongation and spring force data are obtained with the help of Arduino. By means of the recorded values, graphs and equations relating to force-dependent elongation are determined. The spring constant is calculated by taking the first derivative of the determined force equation. Both a thin and a thick spring are used in the study. The spring constants of these springs are determined both individually and in series-parallel connection. In addition, the spring constant is determined by reducing the length of the thick spring. In the study, a theoretical calculation of the spring constants in cases where these springs are connected was also performed. For this theoretical calculation, spring constants based on the studies for thin and thick springs were used. There is a harmony between these calculationsand the experimental results when the springs are connected. This harmony confirms the accuracy and reliability of the results. The materials employed in this study have a very low total cost, and are quite easy to obtain. Within the scope of the study, a system is designed using technology and engineering skills falling within the scope of physical research, and the results are achieved by using the collected data from mathematical equations. This process directly serves the aims of the STEM Education approach. It is very important in relation to educating individuals with twenty-first century skills to perform these and similar practical experiments in classroom environments.
Analytical modeling for design and performance evaluations of a new low aspect ratio soft rotary pneumatic actuator
Authors: Min Lee Young , Jin Lee Hyuk , Moon Hyungpil , Ryeol Choi Hyouk , Choon Koo Ja 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a different type of rotary actuator in contrast to conventional rotary actuators that operate by fiber wound in the form of a helix on a cylinder-shaped elastomer. Our actuator has a fiber set placed in the rθ plane of an elastomer in the form of an annulus, this elastomer expands under pneumatic pressure input to deliver rotation and torque to a rigid shaft connected to the elastomer’s inner circumference. In addition to the description and testing of our actuator’s novel mechanism, the main contribution of this paper is the design’s verification through a theoretical analysis of the rotational motion generated by the mutual influence of the elastomer and inflexible fiber elements. We also show how the design parameters are related to the wound angle of how much the fiber set inserted in the elastomer was wound in a spiral configuration. For various wound angles, computer simulation and experiments were carried out to prove the validity of our analytical model. Further experiments were conducted to measure the performance of the actuators by conducting a torque test with rotation set to zero.
Improved frequency ratio measurement with 87Sr and 171Yb optical lattice clocks at NMIJ
Authors: Hisai Yusuke , Akamatsu Daisuke , Kobayashi Takumi , Hosaka Kazumoto , Inaba Hajime , Hong Feng-Lei , Yasuda Masami 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We report improved frequency ratio measurement with 87Sr and 171Yb optical lattice clocks at the National Metrology Institute of Japan. The 87Sr optical lattice clock is enhanced with several major modifications and is re-evaluated with a reduced uncertainty of 1.1 × 10−16. We employed a 171Yb optical lattice clock with an uncertainty of 4 × 10−16 that was developed for contributing to International Atomic Time. The measurement result is ν
Yb/ν
Sr = 1.207 507 039 343 338 58(49)sys(6)stat with a fractional uncertainty of 4.1 × 10−16, which is 3.4 times smaller than our previous measurement result.
Research on Cultivation of College English Translation Abilities Assisted by the Internet
Authors: Tang Jie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The comprehensive arrival of the era of information-based teaching has provided a new impetus and a direction for college English teaching as well as a new type of teaching path for teachers. With the help of network technology, the rational use of network platforms, network environment, and network resources can not only enrich the teaching methods and content of college English translation, but also help students better study translation, integrate into the language learning atmosphere, and improve their English translation ability. At the same time, the thesis conducts research on the cultivation of college English translation ability with the help of the network, aiming to provide reference ideas about college English teaching.
Analysis of Computer Aided Landscape Architecture Planning and Design Strategy
Authors: Xue Shengyan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In recent years, the social and economic development is getting faster and faster, which also promotes the further improvement of modern information technology. Various economic fields have begun to use modern information technology to improve their work quality and work efficiency. In landscape planning, computer is an important auxiliary means. In traditional landscape planning, designers often carry out various design work on drawings, but in actual construction, there will be deviations from design drawings, resulting in rework. If modern information technology is used, a virtual and three-dimensional landscape engineering structure can be constructed by using three-dimensional technology to test the scientificity of design drawings, which can greatly reduce accidents during construction, grasp construction details, improve construction quality and efficiency, and reduce cost investment.
Application of locally linear embedding algorithm on hotel data text classification
Authors: Huang Jinming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As a non-linear dimension reduction method, manifold learning algorithm projects high-dimensional input to a low-dimensional space by maintaining the local structure of the data, and discovers the inherent geometric structure hidden in the data. In this paper, we attempt to apply the manifold learning algorithm to the field of Chinese text classification, and use the locally linear embedding algorithm to reduce the dimension of the ctrip hotel review data set. Then, we utilize extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and logistic regression to classify the text. Experimental results show that it is effective and feasible to use manifold learning algorithm for text classification. Moreover, the classification effect of logistic regression is better than XGBoost in the text classification of hotel reviews.
UCODE-Based Coding of Industrial Classification for National Economic Activities
Authors: Zhang Chuanwu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The UCode is one of the most important code methods in IoT. The Industrial Classification for National Economic Activities (ICNEA) is a classification standard of economic activities drafted by State Statistical Bureau. Based on the analysis of the coding of UCode and Identification code, from the principal of uniqueness of coding and principal of locality of word field’s information processing, we present a map method to code the alphabet and decimal digital of the ICNEA by binary UCode, and if finally result scheme of ICNEA code in the format of UCode. This scheme extends the application scope of the UCode.