bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How a Bismuth(III) Catalyst Achieves Greatest Activation of Organic Lewis Bases in a Catalytic Reaction: Insights from DFT Calculations
Authors: Babaahmadi Rasool , Jalali Mona , Smith Jason A. , Yates Brian F. , Ariafard Alireza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) was utilized to understand how bismuth(III) salts (BiX3) achieve greatest activation of organic Lewis bases in a catalytic reaction. It is reported in the literature that the BiX3 reactivity originates from its low lying Bi−X σ* orbital. In contrast to this belief, we will show here that for BiX3 to effectively serve as a catalyst, a p orbital of bismuth needs to be involved in activating organic substrates.
Titanium Niobium Oxide Ti2Nb10O29/Carbon Hybrid Electrodes Derived by Mechanochemically Synthesized Carbide for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Budak Öznil , Srimuk Pattarachai , Aslan Mesut , Shim Hwirim , Borchardt Lars , Presser Volker 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work introduces the facile and scalable two‐step synthesis of Ti2Nb10O29 (TNO)/carbon hybrid material as a promising anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The first step consisted of a mechanically induced self‐sustaining reaction via ball‐milling at room temperature to produce titanium niobium carbide with a Ti and Nb stoichiometric ratio of 1 to 5. The second step involved the oxidation of as‐synthesized titanium niobium carbide to produce TNO. Synthetic air yielded fully oxidized TNO, while annealing in CO2 resulted in TNO/carbon hybrids. The electrochemical performance for the hybrid and non‐hybrid electrodes was surveyed in a narrow potential window (1.0–2.5 V vs. Li/Li+) and a large potential window (0.05–2.5 V vs. Li/Li+). The best hybrid material displayed a specific capacity of 350 mAh g−1 at a rate of 0.01 A g−1 (144 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1) in the large potential window regime. The electrochemical performance of hybrid materials was superior compared to non‐hybrid materials for operation within the large potential window. Due to the advantage of carbon in hybrid material, the rate handling was faster than that of the non‐hybrid one. The hybrid materials displayed robust cycling stability and maintained ca. 70 % of their initial capacities after 500 cycles. In contrast, only ca. 26 % of the initial capacity was maintained after the first 40 cycles for non‐hybrid materials. We also applied our hybrid material as an anode in a full‐cell lithium‐ion battery by coupling it with commercial LiMn2O4.
The intra‐individual stability of GH biomarkers IGF‐I and P‐III‐NP in relation to GHRH administration, menstrual cycle, and hematological parameters
Authors: Ericsson Magnus , Bhuiyan Hasanuzzaman , Yousif Basam , Lehtihet Mikael , Ekström Lena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe intra‐individual stability of growth hormone (GH) biomarkers IGF‐I, P‐III‐NP, calculated GH‐2000 score in relation to growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH) (Somatorelin) administration, menstrual cycle, and hematological parameters were investigated in four men and eight women, respectively. Moreover, the hematological parameters hemoglobin (Hb) and percentage of reticulocyte (RET%) were statistically analyzed in relation to the GH biomarker parameters for the GHRH administration study and the menstrual cycle study. Longitudinal monitoring of IGF‐I and/or GH‐2000 score proved to be a viable approach to detect the GHRH intake in men, as all four participants show values above individually calculated thresholds (calculated as mean ± 3SD from three baseline samples). The intra‐individual variation for IGF‐I, P‐III‐NP, and calculated GH‐2000 score in women, over two consecutive menstrual cycles, was investigated and established to be higher (coefficients variations [CVs] between 12% and 186%) than in men (CVs between 3% and 12%). The GHRH administration did not influence the hematological parameters. A strong positive correlation between Hb and IGF‐I (Rs = 0.73, p < 0.0001) and a borderline weak correlation between RET% and IGF‐I (Rs = 0.28, p = 0.054) were noticed in the women. No correlation for the P‐III‐NP and the hematological parameters was seen for the females in the menstrual cycle study. The results fortify previous studies that longitudinal monitoring of IGF‐I and/or GH‐2000 score may be a promising method to detect doping with GH and GH stimulating agents in men, whereas the large intra‐individual variation noted in women indicates that longitudinal monitoring of these biomarker may be harder to evaluate in women.
Excretion of 19‐norandrosterone after consumption of boar meat
Authors: Hülsemann Frank , Fußhöller Gregor , Lehn Christine , Thevis Mario 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe consumption of the offal of noncastrated pigs can lead to the excretion of 19‐norandrosterone (NorA) in urine of humans. In doping control, GC/C/IRMS is the method of choice to differentiate between an endogenous or exogenous origin of urinary NorA. In some cases, after the consumption of wild boar offal, the δ13C values of urinary NorA fulfill the criteria of an adverse analytical finding due to differing food sources of boar and consumer. However, consumption of wild boar's offal is not very common in Germany, and thus, the occurrence of such an analytical finding is unlikely. In contrast, the commerce with wild boar meat has increased in Germany within the last years. Up to 20,000 tons of wild boar meat are annually consumed. In order to probe for the probability of the occurrence of urinary NorA after consumption of wild boar meat, human urine samples were tested following the ingestion of commercially available game. In approximately half of the urine samples, traces of NorA were detected postadministration of 200 to 400 g boar meat. The highest urinary concentration was 2.9 ng/ml, and significant amounts were detected up to 9 h after the meal. δ13C values ranged from −18.5‰ to −23.5‰, which would have led to at least two adverse analytical findings if the samples were collected in an antidoping context. IRMS analysis on German boar tissue samples showed that δ13C values for wild boar's steroids are unpredictable and may vary seasonally.
Protective effect of Alpinetin on rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Su Yu , Tao Xianqi , Xu Jianghui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo investigate the function and mechanism of Alpinetin on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rat model. The markers of lung injury (body weight/pulmonary function) were measured, and the protein levels of inflammatory‐, apoptosis‐, and fibrotic‐related were determined by Western blot. HE/TUNEL/Masson staining was performed to investigate the mechanisms involved. The levels of inflammatory factors lung injury were detected by ELISA. The in vivo activities of all molecules were determined using a rat model. Alpinetin suppressed the injury of alveolus pulmonis cells occurred in vivo due to the decrease in inflammatory factors and biochemical markers by reduced the expression of TGF‐β1, α‐SMA, and TNF‐α (p < .05), associated with the declined of Caspase‐3 and Caspase‐9 (p < .01). Additionally, protective affection of Alpinetin downregulated the IL‐6 and upregulated the IL‐10 (p < .01). Protective affection of Alpinetin inhibits the apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis of alveolus pulmonis cells in rat models.
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome associated uterine smooth muscle tumors: Bridging morphology and clinical screening
Authors: Garg Karuna , Rabban Joseph 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is an autosomal dominant familial syndrome that results from germline mutation in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene and is associated with an increased risk for smooth muscle tumors of the uterus and skin and renal cell carcinoma. HLRCC associated RCC develop in up to 25% of patients, often presenting in the fourth decade and are high stage, aggressive tumors with poor clinical outcome. Most women with HLRCC develop large and bulky uterine smooth muscle tumors (USMT) in the second to third decade, thus presenting the ideal opportunity for early detection of HLCC to enable timely implementation of surveillance for their RCC risk. However, the concept of screening women with USMT for HLRCC is challenging given that HLRCC is rare but USMT are common. In addition, FH deficiency in USMT can also result from sporadic FH gene aberrations, unrelated to HLRCC, further complicating any potential screening process. Recent studies show that tumor morphology can be used to identify FH deficiency in USMT and thereby direct patients to formal genetic counseling. The low magnification clues of staghorn shaped blood vessels and alveolar pattern should prompt for high magnification examination for eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions and oval nuclei containing prominent eosinophilic macronucleoli surrounded by a halo. Additional clues include Schwannoma‐like growth and chain‐like distribution of the tumor cells. Although immunostains exist for FH and 2SC, their role is limited in the presence of well‐developed FH deficient morphology. The prevalence of germline pathogenic mutation in FH among women with USMT with FH deficient morphology is as high as 50% in some studies, with somatic FH mutation accounting for the remainder. Therefore, morphologic evaluation of USMT for features of FH deficiency can serve as a screening tool for HLRCC syndrome by triaging patients to formal hereditary risk assessment.
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComa) of the gynecologic tract
Authors: Bennett Jennifer A. , Oliva Esther 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPEComas of the female genital tract are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that are most common in the uterus, but also may occur in other gynecologic locations. As they morphologically and immunohistochemically resemble smooth muscle tumors, distinction between the two entities is often challenging, and may be aided by molecular analysis. Thus far, two distinct molecular groups‐classic PEComas with TSC mutations and TFE3‐translocation associated PEComas with TFE3 fusions have been described. Recognition of the first group is imperative as these patients may benefit from targeted therapy with mTOR inhibitors, if malignant. This review will focus on recognition of the morphologic and immunophenotypic features of PEComas, as well as the role of molecular testing in their diagnosis and treatment, analysis of the different algorithms to predict behavior, and differential diagnosis.
Analysis of 11 candidate genes in 849 adult patients with suspected hereditary cancer predisposition
Authors: Cavaillé Mathias , Uhrhammer Nancy , Privat Maud , Ponelle‐Chachuat Flora , Gay‐Bellile Mathilde , Lepage Mathis , Molnar Ioana , Viala Sandrine , Bidet Yannick , Bignon Yves‐Jean 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHereditary predisposition to cancer concerns between 5% and 10% of cancers. The main genes involved in the most frequent syndromes (hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome) were identified in the 1990s. Exploration of their functional pathways then identified novel genes for hereditary predisposition to cancer, and candidate genes whose involvement remains unclear. To determine the contribution of truncating variants in 11 candidate genes (BARD1, FAM175A, FANCM, MLH3, MRE11A, PMS1, RAD50, RAD51, RAD51B, RINT1, and XRCC2) to cancer predisposition in a population of interest, panel sequencing was performed in 849 patients with a suspected hereditary predisposition to cancer for whom a diagnostic panel of 38 genes identified no causal mutation. Sixteen truncating variants were found in FANCM (n = 7), RINT1 (n = 4), RAD50 (n = 2), BARD1, PMS1, and RAD51B. FANCM (adjusted P‐value: .03) and RINT1 (adjusted P‐value: .04) were significantly associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. However, further studies are required to determinate the risk of cancer, including the segregation of the variants in the families of our cases. No mutation was identified in RAD51, MRE11A, FAM175A, XRCC2, or MLH3. The involvement of these genes in the hereditary predisposition to cancer cannot be ruled out, although if it exists it is rare or does not seem to involve truncating variants.
Natural 222Rn as a tracer of mixing and volatilization in a shallow aquifer during a CO2 injection experiment
Authors: Kim Jaeyeon , Lee Seong‐Sun , Ha Seung‐Wook , Joun Won‐Tak , Ju YeoJin , Lee Kang‐Kun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the application of 222Rn in groundwater as a tracer for monitoring CO2 plume migration in a shallow groundwater system, which is important to detect potential CO2 leakage in the carbon capture and storage (CCS) project. For this research, an artificial CO2‐infused water injection experiment was performed in a shallow aquifer by monitoring hydrogeochemical parameters, including 222Rn. Radon in groundwater can be a useful tracer because of its sensitivity to sudden changes in subsurface environment. To monitor the CO2 plume migration, the data were analysed based on (a) the influence of mixing processes on the distribution of 222Rn induced by the artificial injection experiment and (b) the influence of a carrier gas role by CO2 on the variation of 222Rn. The spatio‐temporal distributions of radon concentrations were successfully explained in association with horizontal and vertical mixing processes by the CO2‐infused water injection. Additionally, the mixing ratios of each monitoring well were calculated, quantitatively confirming the influence of these mixing processes on the distribution of radon concentrations. Moreover, one monitoring well showed a high positive relationship between 222Rn and Total dissolved inorganic carbon (TIC) by the carrier gas effect of CO2 through volatilization from the CO2 plume. It indicated the applicability of 222Rn as a sensitive tracer to directly monitor CO2 leakage. When with a little effect of carrier gas, natural 222Rn in groundwater can be used to compute mixing ratio of CO2‐infused water indicative of CO2 migration pathways. CO2 carrier gas effect can possibly increase 222Rn concentration in groundwater and, if fully verified with more field tests, will pose a great potential to be used as a natural tracer for CO2.
Telecentric design for digital‐scanning‐based HiLo optical sectioning endomicroscopy with an electrically tunable lens
Authors: Hsiao Haw , Lin Chen‐Yen , Vyas Sunil , Huang Kuang‐Yuh , Yeh J. Andrew , Luo Yuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConfocal endoscopy has been widely used to obtain fine optically sectioned images. However, confocal endomicroscopic images are formed by point‐by‐point scanning in both lateral and axial directions, which results in long image acquisition time. Here, an endomicroscope with telecentric configuration is presented to achieve nonmechanical and rapid axial scanning for volumetric fluorescence imaging. In our system, optical sectioning in wide‐field fashion is obtained through HiLo imaging with a digital micromirror device. Axial scanning, without mechanical moving parts, is conducted by digital focus adjustment using an electrically tunable lens, offering constant magnification and contrast. We demonstrate imaging performance of our system with optically sectioned images using fluorescently labeled beads, as well as ex vivo mice cardiac tissue samples. Our system provides multiple advantages, in terms of improved scanning range, and reduced image acquisition time, which shows great potentials for three‐dimensional biopsies of volumetric biological samples.
Pathobiologic Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration in Osteopetrosis Derived From Structural and Functional Analysis of 14 ClC-7 Mutants
Authors: Di Zanni Eleonora , Palagano Eleonora , Lagostena Laura , Strina Dario , Rehman Asma , Abinun Mario , De Somer Lien , Martire Baldassarre , Brown Justin , Kariminejad Ariana , Balasubramaniam Shanti , Baynam Gareth , Gurrieri Fiorella , Pisanti Maria A , De Maggio Ilaria , Abboud Miguel R , Chiesa Robert , Burren Christine P , Villa Anna , Sobacchi Cristina , Picollo Alessandra 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
ClC-7 is a chloride-proton antiporter of the CLC protein family. In complex with its accessory protein Ostm-1, ClC-7 localizes to lysosomes and to the osteoclasts' ruffled border, where it plays a critical role in acidifying the resorption lacuna during bone resorption. Gene inactivation in mice causes severe osteopetrosis, neurodegeneration, and lysosomal storage disease. Mutations in the human CLCN7 gene are associated with diverse forms of osteopetrosis. The functional evaluation of ClC-7 variants might be informative with respect to their pathogenicity, but the cellular localization of the protein hampers this analysis. Here we investigated the functional effects of 13 CLCN7 mutations identified in 13 new patients with severe or mild osteopetrosis and a known ADO2 mutation. We mapped the mutated amino acid residues in the homology model of ClC-7 protein, assessed the lysosomal colocalization of ClC-7 mutants and Ostm1 through confocal microscopy, and performed patch-clamp recordings on plasma-membrane-targeted mutant ClC-7. Finally, we analyzed these results together with the patients' clinical features and suggested a correlation between the lack of ClC-7/Ostm1 in lysosomes and severe neurodegeneration. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Projected changes in days with zero‐crossings for Norway
Authors: Nilsen Irene Brox , Hanssen‐Bauer Inger , Tveito Ole Einar , Wong Wai Kwok 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper describes annual and seasonal changes in the number of days with 0°C crossings, comparing projections (2071–2100) based upon regional climate model (RCM) results under the medium and high emission scenarios with the period 1971–2000. A trend analysis of historical observations of days with zero‐crossings (DZCs) for the period 1971–2016 showed a general increase in DZCs in cold seasons and regions and a decrease in DZCs in mild seasons and regions. A cold bias in the unadjusted EURO‐CORDEX model ensemble rendered bias‐adjustment necessary before analyses. In regions and seasons that are mild, temperatures will exceed 0°C during a larger part of the year by the end of this century, and the number of DZCs is thus projected to decrease. This decrease was found for lowland regions in spring and coastal regions in winter. In regions and seasons that are cold, temperatures will rise up above 0°C for a larger part of the year, such that the number of DZCs is projected to give more frequent crossings of the 0°C threshold. This increase was found for inland regions in winter and Finnmark, the northernmost county, in spring. Thus, more frequent icing of the snowpack is expected in Finnmark. However, less frequent icing in coastal and lowland regions may indicate a lesser need for winter road maintenance.
Monitoring microstructural changes and moisture distribution of dry‐cured pork: a combined confocal laser scanning microscopy and hyperspectral imaging study
Authors: Tian Xiao‐Yu , Aheto Joshua H , Dai Chunxia , Ren Yi , Bai Jun‐Wen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDVarious spectral profiles, including reflectance, absorbance, and Kubelka–Munk spectra, have been derived from hyperspectral images and used to develop multivariate models to evaluate changes in the quality of meat and meat products as a function of processing. However, none of these has the capacity to produce images of the structural changes often associated with processing. This study explored the feasibility of combining hyperspectral imaging (HSI) with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to examine the impact of processing on microstructural changes and the evolution of moisture. Reflectance spectra features were obtained and transformed into absorbance and Kubelka–Munk spectra and their ability to predict moisture content using models established on partial least‐squares regression were evaluated.RESULTSThe partial least‐squares regression model (full‐band wavelength) dubbed Rs‐MSC yielded the best result, with , RMSEC = 0.127, , RMSECV = 0.418, , RMSEP = 0.824. Next, a total of 16 optimum wavelengths were selected using the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling algorithm. These wavelengths also yielded good results for Rs‐MSC, with , RMSEC = 0.840, , RMSECV = 0.118, , RMSEP = 0.121. Regarding moisture distribution and microstructure analysis, HSI and CLSM were able to reveal moisture content distribution and conformational differences in microstructure in the test samples.CONCLUSIONUsing HSI in synergy with CLSM may offer a reliable means for assessing both the chemical and structural changes that occur in other congener food products during processing. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Opioid prescribing exceeds consumption following common surgical oncology procedures
Authors: Eyrich Nicholas W. , Sloss Kenneth R. , Howard Ryan A. , Klueh Michael P. , Englesbe Michael J. , Waljee Jennifer F. , Brummett Chad M. , Sabel Michael S. , Dossett Lesly A. , Lee Jay S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSurgical oncology patients are vulnerable to persistent opioid use. As such, we aim to compare opioid prescribing to opioid consumption for common surgical oncology procedures.MethodsWe prospectively identified patients undergoing common surgical oncology procedures at a single academic institution (August 2017–March 2018). Patients were contacted by telephone within 6 months of surgery and asked to report their opioid consumption and describe their discharge instructions and opioid handling practices.ResultsOf the 439 patients who were approached via telephone, 270 completed at least one survey portion. The median quantity of opioid prescribed was significantly larger than consumed following breast biopsy (5 vs. 2 tablets of 5 mg oxycodone, p < .001), lumpectomy (10 vs. 2 tablets of 5 mg oxycodone, p < .001), and mastectomy or wide local excision (20 tablets vs. 2 tablets of 5 mg oxycodone, p < .001). The majority of patients reported receiving education on taking opioids, but only 27% received instructions on proper disposal; 82% of prescriptions filled resulted in unused opioids, and only 11% of these patients safely disposed of them.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that opioid prescribing exceeds consumption following common surgical oncology procedures, indicating the potential for reductions in prescribing.