bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXAMINING THE CONTRIBUTION OF MARKEDNESS TO THE L2 PROCESSING OF SPANISH PERSON AGREEMENT
Authors: Bañón José Alemán , Miller David , Rothman Jason 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe used event‑related potentials to investigate how markedness impacts person agreement in English‑speaking learners of L2‑Spanish. Markedness was examined by probing agreement with both first‑person (marked) and third‑person (unmarked) subjects. Agreement was manipulated by crossing first‑person subjects with third‑person verbs and vice versa. Native speakers showed a P600 for both errors, larger for “first‑person subject + third‑person verb” violations. This aligns with claims that, when the first element in the dependency is marked (first person), the parser generates stronger predictions regarding upcoming agreeing elements using feature activation. Twenty‑two upper‑intermediate/advanced learners elicited a P600 across both errors. Learners were equally accurate detecting both errors, but the P600 was marginally reduced for “first‑person subject + third‑person verb” violations, suggesting that learners overused unmarked forms (third person) online. However, this asymmetry mainly characterized lower‑proficiency learners. Results suggest that markedness impacts L2 agreement without constraining it, although learners are less likely to use marked features top‑down.
Mid-term outcomes of cor triatriatum repair: comparison of biventricular physiology and univentricular physiology
Authors: Nagao Hiroyuki , Tanaka Toshikatsu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground:Cor triatriatum is the rarest of all congenital cardiac diseases, accounting for 0.1–0.4% of congenital heart diseases. Atrial septal defect is the most common associated defect; however, cor triatriatum is sometimes associated with univentricular heart.Methods:This single-centre retrospective study involved all patients who underwent the repair of cor triatriatum at Kobe Children’s Hospital between 2000 and 2020. Twenty-four patients were required surgery. We conducted a survey of survival rate, early and late pulmonary vein stenosis in each group.Results:The survival rate of 5 years after cor triatriatum resection was 100% in the biventricular group and 82.1% in the univentricular group, respectively. The free rate for pulmonary stenosis of 5 years after surgery was 100% in the biventricular group and 90.0% in the univentricular group, respectively. There was no statistical difference in survival rate and 5 years free rate for pulmonary stenosis after surgery.Conclusions:The results showed that surgical correction offers good early and mid-term outcomes for both cor triatriatum with biventricular and univentricular physiologies.
Characterisation of breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks in the Japanese context: an exploratory cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Murakami Kentaro , Shinozaki Nana , Livingstone M Barbara E , Fujiwara Aya , Asakura Keiko , Masayasu Shizuko , Sasaki Satoshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:To characterise different meal types by examining the contribution of specific meals to the total intakes and the nutritional quality of each meal.Design:A cross-sectional analysis was conducted based on dietary data collected using 4-d dietary record. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3.Setting:Japan.Participants:Adults aged 20–81 years (n639).Results:Diet quality was, on average, highest for dinner, followed, in order, by lunch, breakfast and snacks. Breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, on average, accounted for 21 %, 32 %, 40 % and 11 % of total energy intake, respectively. For many nutrients, the percentage contribution to total intake did not vary within each meal, broadly in line with that for energy: 18–24 % for breakfast, 26–35 % for lunch, 35–49 % for dinner and 4–15 % for snacks. However, intakes of many foods largely depended on one meal type. The foods mainly eaten at dinner were potatoes, pulses, total vegetables, fish, meat and alcoholic beverages (52–70 %), in contrast to noodles (58 %) at lunch and bread (71 %) and dairy products (50 %) at breakfast. The foods mainly eaten at snacks were confectioneries (79 %) and sugar-sweetened beverages (52 %). Conversely, rice and eggs were more evenly distributed across three main meals (19–41 % and 30–38 %, respectively), while fruit and non-energetic beverages were more evenly distributed across all meal types (17–30 % and 19–35 %, respectively).Conclusions:These findings provide the background information on each meal type in Japanese and may help inform the development of meal-based guidelines and public health messages.
A General‐Coordinate, Nonlocal Neutral Diffusion Operator
Authors: Shao Andrew E. , Adcroft Alistair , Hallberg Robert , Griffies Stephen M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a neutral diffusion operator appropriate for an ocean model making use of general vertical coordinates. The diffusion scheme uses polynomial reconstructions in the vertical, along with a horizontally local but vertically nonlocal stencil for estimates of tracer fluxes. These fluxes are calculated on a vertical grid that is the superset of model columns in a neutral density space. Using flux‐limiters, the algorithm dissipates tracer extrema locally, and no new extrema are created. A demonstration using a linear equation of state in an idealized configuration shows that the algorithm is perfectly neutral. When using the nonlinear TEOS‐10 equation of state with a constant reference pressure, the algorithm compares nearly exactly to a case discretized onto isopycnal surfaces and using along‐layer diffusion. The algorithm's cost is comparable to that of tracer advection and can be readily implemented into ocean general circulation models.
Machine Learning‐Based Analysis of Geological Susceptibility to Induced Seismicity in the Montney Formation, Canada
Authors: Wozniakowska Paulina , Eaton David W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe analyze data from 6,466 multistage horizontal hydraulic fracturing wells drilled into the Montney Formation over a large region in western Canada to evaluate the impact of geological, geomechanical, and tectonic characteristics on the distribution of hydraulic fracturing‐induced seismicity. Logistic regression was used to obtain a machine learning estimate of the seismogenic activation potential of each well. Our results fit the observed spatial variability, including an enigmatic change in seismicity at 120°W that does not correlate with any change in industrial activity. Feature importance analysis provides insight into data types that have the greatest impact on the results. Based on current data, seismogenic activation potential is most strongly influenced by depth of injection and distance of the well to the Cordilleran thrust belt.
Does Export Production Measure Transient Changes of the Biological Carbon Pump's Feedback to the Atmosphere Under Global Warming?
Authors: Koeve W. , Kähler P. , Oschlies A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn a widely‐held conception, the biological carbon pump (BCP) is equal to the export of organic matter out of the euphotic zone. Using global ocean‐atmosphere model experiments we show that the change in export production is a poor measure of the biological pump's feedback to the atmosphere. The change in global true oxygen utilization (TOU), an integrative measure of the imprint of the BCP on marine oxygen, however, is in good agreement with the net change in the biogenic air‐sea flux of oxygen. Since TOU correlates very well with apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) in our experiments, we propose to measure the change of AOU from data of global float programs to monitor the feedback of the BCP to the atmosphere. For the current ocean we estimate that BCP changes effect a CO2uptake by the ocean in the range of 0.07 to 0.14 GtC/yr.
The principal axes systems for the elastic properties of monoclinic gallia
Authors: Grundmann Marius 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe discuss the principal axes systems of monoclinic and triclinic crystals regarding their elastic properties. Explicit formulas are presented for the orientation of these coordinate systems for monoclinic crystals. In this context, theoretical results from literature on the elastic properties of monoclinic (space group C2/m) gallia and alumina are critically discussed.
Pulmonary surfactant inhibition of nanoparticle uptake by alveolar epithelial cells
Authors: Radiom M. , Sarkis M. , Brookes O. , Oikonomou E. K. , Baeza-Squiban A. , Berret J.-F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPulmonary surfactant forms a sub-micrometer thick fluid layer that covers the surface of alveolar lumen and inhaled nanoparticles therefore come in to contact with surfactant prior to any interaction with epithelial cells. We investigate the role of the surfactant as a protective physical barrier by modeling the interactions using silica-Curosurf-alveolar epithelial cell system in vitro. Electron microscopy displays that the vesicles are preserved in the presence of nanoparticles while nanoparticle-lipid interaction leads to formation of mixed aggregates. Fluorescence microscopy reveals that the surfactant decreases the uptake of nanoparticles by up to two orders of magnitude in two models of alveolar epithelial cells, A549 and NCI-H441, irrespective of immersed culture on glass or air–liquid interface culture on transwell. Confocal microscopy corroborates the results by showing nanoparticle-lipid colocalization interacting with the cells. Our work thus supports the idea that pulmonary surfactant plays a protective role against inhaled nanoparticles. The effect of surfactant should therefore be considered in predictive assessment of nanoparticle toxicity or drug nanocarrier uptake. Models based on the one presented in this work may be used for preclinical tests with engineered nanoparticles.
Wenn der Körper Schatten auf die Seele wirft
Authors: Pasch Anja 
Published: November 2020

SummaryDie Somatopsychologie beschreibt den Einfluss körperlicher Erkrankungen auf die Psyche einschließlich somatisch bedingter psychischer Störungen wie Depressionen, Ängsten und Impulsivität. Veränderungen von Persönlichkeit und Stimmung werden häufig psychopathologisch diagnostiziert und behandelt, auch wenn sie tatsächlich sekundär im Rahmen einer körperlichen Erkrankung auftreten. Zu den häufigen, zunächst oft unerkannten, organischen Ursachen psychischer Störungen zählen chronische Entzündungen, Allergien, Hormonschwankungen und neurologische Prozesse wie Chorea Huntington oder Hydrocephalus.
Einmal Erschöpfung und zurück
Authors: Grappendorf Doris 
Published: November 2020

SummaryDas Chronische Erschöpfungssyndrom gilt bis heute als unheilbar. Die Autorin des Beitrags berichtet von einer erfolgreichen Selbstheilung auf Basis eines eigens erdachten Behandlungskonzepts. Als Ursache der Erkrankungen werden verschiedene Faktoren diskutiert. Der geschilderte Fall legt nahe, dass schwerwiegende Vergiftungserscheinungen im Sinne einer Verschlackung eine Ursache sein können. Das vorgestellte Behandlungskonzept kombiniert eine tiefgreifende und langwierige Ernährungsumstellung mit einem sorgfältigen Energiemanagement nach der 50 %-Methode.
Heilpraktikerausbildung steuerlich absetzen
Authors: Sell Michael 
Published: November 2020

SummaryKosten der Heilpraktikerausbildung können ohne Einschränkungen geltend gemacht werden, wenn der Kandidat bereits eine abgeschlossene Berufsausbildung vorweisen kann. Ist die Heilpraktikerausbildung eine Erstausbildung, sind diese Kosten nur als Sonderausgaben begrenzt abzugsfähig. Als Ausbildungskosten sind alle Kosten abzugsfähig, die durch die Ausbildung veranlasst sind. Die Aufwendungen sind nur in dem Jahr abzugsfähig, in dem sie bezahlt wurden.
Die Hunderute – Grundlagen der osteopathischen und physiotherapeutischen Therapie
Authors: Röhrmann Nicole , Louis Anne Lisa , Raabe Isabel 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Rute des Hundes ist auf verschiedene Weise ein Signalgeber und dient nicht nur der Kommunikation mit Artgenossen, sondern auch mit Tierärzten und Therapeuten. Durch ihre enge Beziehung zu Wirbelsäule und Becken, aber auch zum Nervensystem und dem umliegenden Weichteilgewebe gibt sie Aufschluss über innere und äußere Spannungen. Dies kann in der Physiotherapie und Osteopathie sowohl diagnostisch als auch therapeutisch hilfreich sein.
Alle Jahre wieder – Geräuschängsten von Hund und Katze wirksam begegnen
Authors: Zurr Daniela , Brendieck-Worm Cäcilia , Kübler Heidi 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungGeräuschängste bei Hund und Katze stellen ein relativ häufiges, aber meist wenig beachtetes Problem dar. Oftmals zwingen erst Ausnahmesituationen, wie das Feuerwerk an Silvester, die Tierhalter zum konkreten Handeln. Unmittelbar vor dem Ereignis bleibt dem behandelnden Tierarzt dann nur noch ein Notfallplan, der sich aus Maßnahmen zur Abschirmung des Tieres, sozialer Unterstützung und sensorischem Feedback zusammensetzt – gegebenenfalls unterstützt durch die Gabe von Psychopharmaka. Regulationsmedizinische Ansätze, wie Phytotherapie oder Bach-Blüten-Therapie, brauchen etwas mehr Zeit (Beginn mindestens 1 Woche vor Silvester), zeigen dann aber gute Wirksamkeit ohne unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen oder unvorhersehbare Reaktionen. Besonders effektiv ist ihr Einsatz im Rahmen einer Verhaltenstherapie bei Tieren, die generell ängstlich sind und auch auf andere Auslöser als Geräusche reagieren.
Establishing key research questions for the implementation of artificial intelligence in colonoscopy: a modified Delphi method
Authors: Ahmad Omer F. , Mori Yuichi , Misawa Masashi , Kudo Shin-ei , Anderson John T. , Bernal Jorge , Berzin Tyler M. , Bisschops Raf , Byrne Michael F. , Chen Peng-Jen , East James E. , Eelbode Tom , Elson Daniel S. , Gurudu Suryakanth R. , Histace Aymeric , Karnes William E. , Repici Alessandro , Singh Rajvinder , Valdastri Pietro , Wallace Michael B. , Wang Pu , Stoyanov Danail , Lovat Laurence B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Artificial intelligence (AI) research in colonoscopy is progressing rapidly but widespread clinical implementation is not yet a reality. We aimed to identify the top implementation research priorities.
Methods An established modified Delphi approach for research priority setting was used. Fifteen international experts, including endoscopists and translational computer scientists/engineers, from nine countries participated in an online survey over 9 months. Questions related to AI implementation in colonoscopy were generated as a long-list in the first round, and then scored in two subsequent rounds to identify the top 10 research questions.
Results The top 10 ranked questions were categorized into five themes. Theme 1: clinical trial design/end points (4 questions), related to optimum trial designs for polyp detection and characterization, determining the optimal end points for evaluation of AI, and demonstrating impact on interval cancer rates. Theme 2: technological developments (3 questions), including improving detection of more challenging and advanced lesions, reduction of false-positive rates, and minimizing latency. Theme 3: clinical adoption/integration (1 question), concerning the effective combination of detection and characterization into one workflow. Theme 4: data access/annotation (1 question), concerning more efficient or automated data annotation methods to reduce the burden on human experts. Theme 5: regulatory approval (1 question), related to making regulatory approval processes more efficient.
Conclusions This is the first reported international research priority setting exercise for AI in colonoscopy. The study findings should be used as a framework to guide future research with key stakeholders to accelerate the clinical implementation of AI in endoscopy.
Transition-Metal-Free Functionalization of Saturated and Unsaturated Amines to Bioactive Alkaloids Mediated by Sodium Chlorite
Authors: Sartillo-Piscil Fernando , Romero-Ibañez Julio , Fuentes Lilia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNew approaches to the synthesis of alkaloids through the straightforward functionalization of C(sp3)–H and C(sp2)=C(sp2) bonds of simple five- and six-membered-ring N-heterocycles are highlighted. The direct functionalization of pre-existing N-heterocycles to advanced alkaloids intermediates is a chemical operation that commonly requires the intervention of transition or precious metals. Regardless the inherent unwanted waste production, the high economical cost of many transition-metal catalysts limits their use globally. Here, we account our efforts directed toward the synthesis of bioactive alkaloids under an economic and ecological fashion by using NaClO2 as the key activating or oxidizing reagent that substitutes the use of transition-metal catalysts. While undesired metal wastes are collected during the extraction process of a transition-metal-catalyzed reaction, innocuous NaCl is the commonly product waste when NaClO2 is employed in our chemical transformations. Beginning with the synthesis of 2,3-epoxyamides from allyl amines, we concluded with the functionalization of multiple and remote C(sp3)–H and C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds in piperidine rings that enabled the preparation of important bioactive alkaloids. For the latter functionalization, a precise amount of co-oxidant reagent (NaOCl) and radical 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO) were needed.1	Introduction2	Direct Chemical Method for Preparing 2,3-Epoxyamides3	Dual C(sp3)–H Oxidation of Cyclic Amines to 3‑Alkoxyamine Lac­tams4	Electrochemical Deamination of 3-Alkoxyamine Lactams5	Direct C–H Oxidation of Piperazines and Morpholines to 2,3-Diketopiperazines and 3-Morpholinones, Respectively6	Transition-Metal-Free Triple C–H Oxidation7	Deconstructive Lactamization of Piperidines8	Conclusion
Recent Developments in Heck-Type Reaction of Unactivated Alkenes and Alkyl Electrophiles
Authors: Shi Lili , Fu Junkai , Gao Shuangqiu , Chang Le , Wang Binglin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Mizoroki–Heck reaction is considered as one of the most ingenious and widely used methods for constructing C–C bonds. This reaction mainly focuses on activated olefins (styrenes, acrylates, or vinyl ethers) and aryl/vinyl (pseudo) halides. In comparison, the studies on unactivated alkenes and alkyl electrophiles are far less due to the low reactivity, poor selectivity, as well as competitive β-H elimination. In the past years, a growing interest has thus been devoted and significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the employment of unactivated alkenes and alkyl electrophiles as the reaction components, and this type of coupling is called as Heck-type or Heck-like reaction, which distinguishes from the traditional Heck reaction. Herein, we give a brief summary on Heck-type reaction between unactivated alkenes and alkyl electrophlies, covering its initial work, recent advancements, and mechanistic discussions.1	Introduction2	Intramolecular Heck-Type Reaction of Unactivated Alkenes and Alkyl Electrophiles2.1	Cobalt-Catalyzed Intramolecular Heck-Type Reaction2.2	Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Heck-Type Reaction2.3	Nickel-Catalyzed Intramolecular Heck-Type Reaction2.4	Photocatalysis and Multimetallic Protocol for Intramolecular Heck-Type Reaction3	Intermolecular Heck-Type Reaction of Unactivated Alkenes and Alkyl Electrophiles3.1	Electrophilic Trifluoromethylating Reagent as Reaction Partners3.2	Alkyl Electrophiles as Reaction Partners4	Oxidative Heck-Type Reaction of Unactivated Alkenes and Alkyl Radicals5	Conclusions and Outlook
Birth Tourism Is Associated with Fewer Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admissions: A Healthy Migrant Effect?
Authors: Lim Jina , Sun Wang-Dar , Zhang Lishi , Mikhael Michel 
Published: November 2020

Objective This work aimed to study perinatal, maternal, and neonatal characteristics of birth tourism (BT) mother–baby dyads and the rate of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions of BT infants.
Study Design Retrospective study at a regional perinatal center comparing BT mother–baby dyads to all dyads. BT infants admitted to the NICU were compared with a randomly selected group of infants admitted to the NICU during the same time period.
Results A total of 1,755 BT dyads were identified over 4 years. BT mothers were older (32 vs. 28 years, p < 0.0001), more likely to carry multiples (5.5 vs. 1.4%, p < 0.0001), deliver via cesarean section (40 vs. 34%, p < 0.0001), and require postpartum intensive care (0.6 vs. 0.1%, p < 0.0001). BT infants had significantly fewer NICU admissions 96 (5.5%) versus 3,213 (11.3%; p < 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences in NICU course and outcome between BT and non-BT control infants.
Conclusion Birth tourism is associated with unique determinants of health. In our study, there were fewer NICU admissions, potentially explained by the healthy migrant effect.
Key Points
Pathogenesis of Congenital Malformations: Possible Role of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Impellizzeri Pietro , Nascimben Francesca , Di Fabrizio Donatella , Antonuccio Pietro , Antonelli Enrica , Peri Flora Maria , Calabrese Ugo , Arena Salvatore , Romeo Carmelo 
Published: November 2020

Objective Congenital anomalies are important causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Oxidative stress (OS) is involved in the physiopathology of pregnancy-related congenital malformations. This review summarizes the role of OS in the pathogenesis of congenital malformations; in particular, its purpose is to describe how OS influences the development of heart congenital malformations, oesophageal atresia, biliary atresia, diaphragmatic hernia, and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.Study Design Systematic review of previous studies about the role of OS in pregnancy and its possible effects in developing of congenital malformations. One electronic database (PubMed) was searched and reference lists were checked.Results An imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense can occur early in pregnancy and continue in the postnatal life, producing OS. It may destroy the signaling pathways needed for a correct embryogenesis leading to birth defects. In fact, cell functions, especially during embryogenesis, needs specific signaling pathways to regulate the development. These pathways are sensitive to both endogenous and exogenous factors; therefore, they can produce structural alterations of the developing fetus.Conclusion Because OS plays a significant role in pathogenesis of congenital malformations, studies should be developed in order to better define their OS mechanisms and the beneficial effects of supplemental therapeutic strategies.Key Points
The potassium channel subunit K
v
β1 serves as a major control point for synaptic facilitation
Authors: Cho In Ha , Panzera Lauren C. , Chin Morven , Alpizar Scott A. , Olveda Genaro E. , Hill Robert A. , Hoppa Michael B. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Nerve terminals generally engage in two opposite and essential forms of synaptic plasticity (facilitation or depression) that play critical roles in learning and memory. While the molecular components of both types of terminals are similar with regards to vesicle fusion, much less is known about their molecular control of electrical signaling. Measurements of the electrical impulses (action potentials) underlying these two forms of plasticity have been difficult in small nerve terminals due to their size. In this study we deployed optical physiology measurements to overcome this size barrier. Here, we identify a unique mechanism (Kvβ1 subunit) that enables broadening of the presynaptic action potentials that selectively supports synaptic facilitation, but does not alter any other aspects of nerve terminal function.