bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fire Danger Index for the early detection of areas vulnerable to wildfires in the Eastern Mediterranean region
Authors: Xofis Panteleimon , Tsiourlis Georgios , Konstantinidis Pavlos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWildfires continue to be a major factor of disturbance to Mediterranean ecosystems, and are often associated with significant losses of properties and human lives. Fast fire detection and suppression within the first few minutes after ignition are crucial to successfully managing wildfires and preventing their potentially catastrophic consequences. In this study, remote-sensing methods and data were integrated wih fire behavior simulation and field data to develop a Fire Danger Index (FDI) that can be used to detect the areas most vulnerable to wildfires. This FDI will be integrated into an automatic fire detection system that utilizes optical and thermal land cameras and an unmanned aerial vehicle. The FDI was calculated for a nature reserve in Southern Greece based on fire behavior, pyric history, and anthropogenic influence. Fire behavior was estimated using the FlamMap fire simulation model, while the fuel types to include in the model were determined using state-of-the-art remote-sensing methods and field data. The pyric history was represented by point data on fire occurrences over a period of 40 years. The anthropogenic influence was estimated based on an inverse relationship of this influence with the Euclidean distance from roads and settlements. The calculated FDI demonstrated that a large part of the reserve, including its most ecologically important ecosystems, is highly vulnerable to wildfires. Integrating the FDI into the automatic fire detection system is expected to significantly improve its detection accuracy.
Zur kapitalwertorientierten Bewertung (nicht nur) von immateriellen Vermögenswerten in der internationalen Rechnungslegung
Authors: Schüler Andreas 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag ist der Bewertung (nicht nur) immaterieller Vermögenswerte mit kapitalwertorientierten Verfahren in der internationalen Rechnungslegung gewidmet. Unter der Annahme, dass das Problem der Zuordnung von Zahlungsüberschüssen zu einzelnen Vermögenswerten bzw. Gruppen von Vermögenswerten (Assets) gelöst ist, wird insbesondere die Wahl des kapitalwertorientierten Bewertungsverfahrens und die Ermittlung der zugehörigen Diskontierungssätze diskutiert. Es werden Empfehlungen zur Abbildung des Investitionsrisikos und der Finanzierung bei der Bewertung von Vermögenswerten unter Berücksichtigung der Marktwertadditivität erarbeitet. Es wird gezeigt, dass der in der Praxis beliebte WACC-Ansatz dafür häufig weniger geeignet ist als der Adjusted-Present-Value (APV) -Ansatz. Dieser sollte soweit es die Datenlage zulässt, Bottom-up ausgefüllt werden. Sofern auf die Daten als vergleichbar eingestufter Unternehmen (Peer Group) zurückgegriffen wird, muss die Vergleichbarkeit im ersten Schritt hinsichtlich des Investitionsrisikos gegeben sein, um so die Eigenkapitalkosten bei Eigenfinanzierung vermögenswertspezifisch zu schätzen. Weitere pragmatische Lösungsansätze, wie Top-down erfolgende Zu- oder Abschläge zum bzw. vom unternehmensweiten WACC oder der sog. WARA (Weighted Average Return on Assets) -Ansatz, werden hinsichtlich der implizierten Fremdkapital- und Wertzuordnungen sowie hinsichtlich der Einhaltung des Marktwertadditivitätsprinzips kritisch gewürdigt.
Atomic and Close-to-Atomic Scale Manufacturing: A Review on Atomic Layer Removal Methods Using Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Mathew Paven Thomas , Rodriguez Brian J. , Fang Fengzhou 
Published: June 2020

AbstractManufacturing at the atomic scale is the next generation of the industrial revolution. Atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing (ACSM) helps to achieve this. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a promising method for this purpose since an instrument to machine at this small scale has not yet been developed. As the need for increasing the number of electronic components inside an integrated circuit chip is emerging in the present-day scenario, methods should be adopted to reduce the size of connections inside the chip. This can be achieved using molecules. However, connecting molecules with the electrodes and then to the external world is challenging. Foundations must be laid to make this possible for the future. Atomic layer removal, down to one atom, can be employed for this purpose. Presently, theoretical works are being performed extensively to study the interactions happening at the molecule–electrode junction, and how electronic transport is affected by the functionality and robustness of the system. These theoretical studies can be verified experimentally only if nano electrodes are fabricated. Silicon is widely used in the semiconductor industry to fabricate electronic components. Likewise, carbon-based materials such as highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, gold, and silicon carbide find applications in the electronic device manufacturing sector. Hence, ACSM of these materials should be developed intensively. This paper presents a review on the state-of-the-art research performed on material removal at the atomic scale by electrochemical and mechanical methods of the mentioned materials using AFM and provides a roadmap to achieve effective mass production of these devices.
3D Printing of Well Dispersed Electrospun PLGA Fiber Toughened Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Osteoanagenesis
Authors: Zhao Guoru , Cui Rongwei , Chen You , Zhou Sijie , Wang Chen , Hu Zhangmei , Zheng Xiaoke , Li Maohong , Qu Shuxin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough the toughening of Calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffold by the addition of fiber has been well recognized, integrated mechanical, structural and functional considerations have been neglected in the design and fabrication of CaP scaffold implant. The emerging 3D printing provides a promising technique to construct CaP scaffold with precise size and elaborate microstructure. However, the most challenge is to extrude smoothly the CaP paste containing fibers for frequently-used extrusion-based 3D printing. In this study, frozen section and chemical dispersant (Pluronic F127, F127) were employed jointly to prepare non-aggregated polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) fibers. The injectability of CaP pastes with well dispersed PLGA fibers was more than 90% when the content of PLGA fibers was no more than 3 wt%. Meanwhile rheological property of CaP pastes with well dispersed fibers showed shear thinning, which were both beneficial to extrude CaP paste with well dispersed fibers for 3D printing. Moreover, these CaP scaffolds showed ductile fracture behavior due to the pullout and bridging effect of PLGA fibers. The cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity indicated that 3D printed CaP scaffold containing PLGA fibers possesses excellent biocompatibility and facilitate osteogenic differentiation ability. Thus, it was feasible to print CaP pastes with well dispersed PLGA fibers to construct toughening CaP scaffolds with the higher shape fidelity and complex structures, which had significant clinical potentials in osteoanagenesis due to their higher toughness and excellent biocompatibility.
WAVELET-BASED FEATURE EXTRACTION FOR MORTALITY PROJECTION
Authors: Hainaut Donatien , Denuit Michel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWavelet theory is known to be a powerful tool for compressing and processing time series or images. It consists in projecting a signal on an orthonormal basis of functions that are chosen in order to provide a sparse representation of the data. The first part of this article focuses on smoothing mortality curves by wavelets shrinkage. A chi-square test and a penalized likelihood approach are applied to determine the optimal degree of smoothing. The second part of this article is devoted to mortality forecasting. Wavelet coefficients exhibit clear trends for the Belgian population from 1965 to 2015, they are easy to forecast resulting in predicted future mortality rates. The wavelet-based approach is then compared with some popular actuarial models of Lee–Carter type estimated fitted to Belgian, UK, and US populations. The wavelet model outperforms all of them.
Seismic Monitoring of a Subarctic River: Seasonal Variations in Hydraulics, Sediment Transport, and Ice Dynamics
Authors: Polvi L. E. , Dietze M. , Lotsari E. , Turowski J. M. , Lind L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigh‐latitude rivers are commonly covered by ice for up to one third of the year. Our understanding of the effects of ice on channel morphodynamics and bedload transport is hindered by the difficulties of sensing through the ice and dangers of field work on thin ice or during ice break‐up. To avoid this drawback, we used seismic signals to interpret processes and quantify water and sediment fluxes. Our objective was to determine seasonal differences in hydraulics and bedload sediment transport under ice‐covered versus open‐channel flow conditions using a small seismic network and to provide a first‐order estimation of sediment flux in a Fennoscandian river. Our study reach was on a straight, low‐gradient section of the Sävar River in northern Sweden. Interpretations of seismic signals, from a station 40 m away from the river, and inverted physical models of river stage and bedload flux indicate clear seasonal differences between ice‐covered and open‐channel flow conditions. Diurnal cycles in seismic signals reflecting turbulence and sediment transport are evident directly after ice break‐up. Analysis of seismic signals of ice‐cracking support our visual interpretation of ice break‐up timing and the main ice break‐up mechanism as thermal rather than mechanical. Assuming the bulk of sediment moves during ice break‐up and the snowmelt flood, we calculate a minimum annual sediment flux of 56.2 ± 0.7 t/km2, which drastically reduces the uncertainty from previous estimates (0–50 t/km2) that exclude ice‐covered or ice break‐up periods.
COVID-19, domestic violence and abuse, and urgent dental and oral and maxillofacial surgery care
Authors: Coulthard Paul , Hutchison Iain , Bell Joseph A. , Coulthard Imogen D. , Kennedy Helena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHousehold isolation measures to reduce coronavirus transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in increased risk of domestic violence and abuse (DVA). DVA physical injury most frequently involves the face. Dentists, dental care professionals, oral surgeons and oral and maxillofacial surgeons all have a critical part to play in identifying patients experiencing DVA, who present with dental and facial injury, and in making referrals to specialist agencies. This paper describes how to ask questions about DVA sensitively and how to make an appropriate referral. Early intervention and referral to a DVA advocate can prevent an abusive situation becoming worse with more intense violence. It can save lives.
Exploiting metabolic acidosis in solid cancers using a tumor-agnostic pH-activatable nanoprobe for fluorescence-guided surgery
Authors: Voskuil F. J. , Steinkamp P. J. , Zhao T. , van der Vegt B. , Koller M. , Doff J. J. , Jayalakshmi Y. , Hartung J. P. , Gao J. , Sumer B. D. , Witjes M. J. H. , van Dam G. M. ,   the SHINE study group, Albaroodi Y. , Been L. B. , Dijkstra F. , van Etten B. , Feng Q. , van Ginkel R. J. , Hall K. , Havenga K. , Haveman J. W. , Hemmer P. H. J. , Jansen L. , de Jongh S. J. , Kats-Ugurlu G. , Kelder W. , Kruijff S. , Kruithof I. , van Loo E. , Roodenburg J. L. N. , Shenoy N. , Schepman K. P. , de Visscher S. A. H. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCancer cell metabolism leads to a uniquely acidic microenvironment in solid tumors, but exploiting the labile extracellular pH differences between cancer and normal tissues for clinical use has been challenging. Here we describe the clinical translation of ONM-100, a nanoparticle-based fluorescent imaging agent. This is comprised of an ultra-pH sensitive amphiphilic polymer, conjugated with indocyanine green, which rapidly and irreversibly dissociates to fluoresce in the acidic extracellular tumor microenvironment due to the mechanism of nanoscale macromolecular cooperativity. Primary outcomes were safety, pharmacokinetics and imaging feasilibity of ONM-100. Secondary outcomes were to determine a range of safe doses of ONM-100 for intra-operative imaging using commonly used fluorescence camera systems. In this study (Netherlands National Trial Register #7085), we report that ONM-100 was well tolerated, and four solid tumor types could be visualized both in- and ex vivo in thirty subjects. ONM-100 enables detection of tumor-positive resection margins in 9/9 subjects and four additional otherwise missed occult lesions. Consequently, this pH-activatable optical imaging agent may be clinically beneficial in differentiating previously unexploitable narrow physiologic differences.
Elastomeric polyamide biomaterials with stereochemically tuneable mechanical properties and shape memory
Authors: Worch Joshua C. , Weems Andrew C. , Yu Jiayi , Arno Maria C. , Wilks Thomas R. , Huckstepp Robert T. R. , O’Reilly Rachel K. , Becker Matthew L. , Dove Andrew P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBiocompatible polymers are widely used in tissue engineering and biomedical device applications. However, few biomaterials are suitable for use as long-term implants and these examples usually possess limited property scope, can be difficult to process, and are non-responsive to external stimuli. Here, we report a class of easily processable polyamides with stereocontrolled mechanical properties and high-fidelity shape memory behaviour. We synthesise these materials using the efficient nucleophilic thiol-yne reaction between a dipropiolamide and dithiol to yield an α,β − unsaturated carbonyl moiety along the polymer backbone. By rationally exploiting reaction conditions, the alkene stereochemistry is modulated between 35–82%ciscontent and the stereochemistry dictates the bulk material properties such as tensile strength, modulus, and glass transition. Further access to materials possessing a broader range of thermal and mechanical properties is accomplished by polymerising a variety of commercially available dithiols with the dipropiolamide monomer.
Breast cancer colonization by Fusobacterium nucleatum accelerates tumor growth and metastatic progression
Authors: Parhi Lishay , Alon-Maimon Tamar , Sol Asaf , Nejman Deborah , Shhadeh Amjad , Fainsod-Levi Tanya , Yajuk Olga , Isaacson Batya , Abed Jawad , Maalouf Naseem , Nissan Aviram , Sandbank Judith , Yehuda-Shnaidman Einav , Ponath Falk , Vogel Jörg , Mandelboim Ofer , Granot Zvi , Straussman Ravid , Bachrach Gilad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFusobacterium nucleatum is an oral anaerobe recently found to be prevalent in human colorectal cancer (CRC) where it is associated with poor treatment outcome. In mice, hematogenous F. nucleatum can colonize CRC tissue using its lectin Fap2, which attaches to tumor-displayed Gal-GalNAc. Here, we show that Gal-GalNAc levels increase as human breast cancer progresses, and that occurrence of F. nucleatum gDNA in breast cancer samples correlates with high Gal-GalNAc levels. We demonstrate Fap2-dependent binding of the bacterium to breast cancer samples, which is inhibited by GalNAc. Intravascularly inoculated Fap2-expressing F. nucleatum ATCC 23726 specifically colonize mice mammary tumors, whereas Fap2-deficient bacteria are impaired in tumor colonization. Inoculation with F. nucleatum suppresses accumulation of tumor infiltrating T cells and promotes tumor growth and metastatic progression, the latter two of which can be counteracted by antibiotic treatment. Thus, targeting F. nucleatum or Fap2 might be beneficial during treatment of breast cancer.
Genetic drug target validation using Mendelian randomisation
Authors: Schmidt Amand F. , Finan Chris , Gordillo-Marañón Maria , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Freitag Daniel F. , Patel Riyaz S. , Tyl Benoît , Chopade Sandesh , Faraway Rupert , Zwierzyna Magdalena , Hingorani Aroon D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMendelian randomisation (MR) analysis is an important tool to elucidate the causal relevance of environmental and biological risk factors for disease. However, causal inference is undermined if genetic variants used to instrument a risk factor also influence alternative disease-pathways (horizontal pleiotropy). Here we report how the ‘no horizontal pleiotropy assumption’ is strengthened when proteins are the risk factors of interest. Proteins are typically the proximal effectors of biological processes encoded in the genome. Moreover, proteins are the targets of most medicines, so MR studies of drug targets are becoming a fundamental tool in drug development. To enable such studies, we introduce a mathematical framework that contrasts MR analysis of proteins with that of risk factors located more distally in the causal chain from gene to disease. We illustrate key model decisions and introduce an analytical framework for maximising power and evaluating the robustness of analyses.
Selective ion sensing with high resolution large area graphene field effect transistor arrays
Authors: Fakih Ibrahim , Durnan Oliver , Mahvash Farzaneh , Napal Ilargi , Centeno Alba , Zurutuza Amaia , Yargeau Viviane , Szkopek Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReal-time, high resolution, simultaneous measurement of multiple ionic species is challenging with existing chromatographic, spectrophotometric and potentiometric techniques. Potentiometric ion sensors exhibit limitations in both resolution and selectivity. Herein, we develop wafer scale graphene transistor technology for overcoming these limitations. Large area graphene is an ideal material for high resolution ion sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs), while simultaneously enabling facile fabrication as compared to conventional semiconductors. We develop the ISFETs into an array and apply Nikolskii–Eisenman analysis to account for cross-sensitivity and thereby achieve high selectivity. We experimentally demonstrate real-time, simultaneous concentration measurement of K+, Na+, $${{\rm{NH}}}_{4}^{+}$$NH4+, $${{\rm{NO}}}_{3}^{-}$$NO3−, $${{\rm{SO}}}_{4}^{2-}$$SO42−, $${{\rm{HPO}}}_{4}^{2-}$$HPO42− and Cl− with a resolution of $$\sim\! 2\times 1{0}^{-3}\,{\mathrm{log}}\,$$~2×10−3log concentration units. The array achieves an accuracy of ±0.05 log concentration. Finally, we demonstrate real-time ion concentration measurement in an aquarium with lemnoideae lemna over three weeks, where mineral uptake by aquatic organisms can be observed during their growth.
Fishing for newly synthesized proteins with phosphonate-handles
Authors: Kleinpenning Fleur , Steigenberger Barbara , Wu Wei , Heck Albert J. R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBioorthogonal chemistry introduces affinity-labels into biomolecules with minimal disruption to the original system and is widely applicable in a range of contexts. In proteomics, immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) enables enrichment of phosphopeptides with extreme sensitivity and selectivity. Here, we adapt and combine these superb assets in a new enrichment strategy using phosphonate-handles, which we term PhosID. In this approach, click-able phosphonate-handles are introduced into proteins via 1,3-dipolar Huisgen-cycloaddition to azido-homo-alanine (AHA) and IMAC is then used to enrich exclusively for phosphonate-labeled peptides. In interferon-gamma (IFNγ) stimulated cells, PhosID enabled the identification of a large number of IFN responsive newly synthesized proteins (NSPs) whereby we monitored the differential synthesis of these proteins over time. Collectively, these data validate the excellent performance of PhosID with efficient analysis and quantification of hundreds of NSPs by single LC-MS/MS runs. We envision PhosID as an attractive and alternative tool for studying stimuli-sensitive proteome subsets.
Employing a MEMS plasma switch for conditioning high-voltage kinetic energy harvesters
Authors: Zhang Hemin , Marty Frédéric , Xia Xin , Zi Yunlong , Bourouina Tarik , Galayko Dimitri , Basset Philippe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators have attracted wide attention due to their promising capabilities of scavenging the ambient environmental mechanical energy. However, efficient energy management of the generated high-voltage for practical low-voltage applications is still under investigation. Autonomous switches are key elements for improving the harvested energy per mechanical cycle, but they are complicated to implement at such voltages higher than several hundreds of volts. This paper proposes a self-sustained and automatic hysteresis plasma switch made from silicon micromachining, and implemented in a two-stage efficient conditioning circuit for powering low-voltage devices using triboelectric nanogenerators. The hysteresis of this microelectromechanical switch is controllable by topological design and the actuation of the switch combines the principles of micro-discharge and electrostatic pulling, without the need of any power-consuming control electronic circuits. The experimental results indicate that the energy harvesting efficiency is improved by two orders of magnitude compared to the conventional full-wave rectifying circuit.
A potent KRAS macromolecule degrader specifically targeting tumours with mutant KRAS
Authors: Bery Nicolas , Miller Ami , Rabbitts Terry 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTumour-associated KRAS mutations are the most prevalent in the three RAS-family isoforms and involve many different amino-acids. Therefore, molecules able to interfere with mutant KRAS protein are potentially important for wide-ranging tumour therapy. We describe the engineering of two RAS degraders based on protein macromolecules (macrodrugs) fused to specific E3 ligases. A KRAS-specific DARPin fused to the VHL E3 ligase is compared to a pan-RAS intracellular single domain antibody (iDAb) fused to the UBOX domain of the CHIP E3 ligase. We demonstrate that while the KRAS-specific DARPin degrader induces specific proteolysis of both mutant and wild type KRAS, it only inhibits proliferation of cancer cells expressing mutant KRAS in vitro and in vivo. Pan-RAS protein degradation, however, affects proliferation irrespective of the RAS mutation. These data show that specific KRAS degradation is an important therapeutic strategy to affect tumours expressing any of the range of KRAS mutations.
Systemic nanoparticle delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins for effective tissue specific genome editing
Authors: Wei Tuo , Cheng Qiang , Min Yi-Li , Olson Eric N. , Siegwart Daniel J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9 has emerged as a powerful technology that relies on Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) to target and edit DNA. However, many therapeutic targets cannot currently be accessed due to the lack of carriers that can deliver RNPs systemically. Here, we report a generalizable methodology that allows engineering of modified lipid nanoparticles to efficiently deliver RNPs into cells and edit tissues including muscle, brain, liver, and lungs. Intravenous injection facilitated tissue-specific, multiplexed editing of six genes in mouse lungs. High carrier potency was leveraged to create organ-specific cancer models in livers and lungs of mice though facile knockout of multiple genes. The developed carriers were also able to deliver RNPs to restore dystrophin expression in DMD mice and significantly decrease serum PCSK9 level in C57BL/6 mice. Application of this generalizable strategy will facilitate broad nanoparticle development for a variety of disease targets amenable to protein delivery and precise gene correction approaches.