bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptual coupling and decoupling of the default mode network during mind-wandering and reading
Authors: Zhang Meichao , Bernhardt Boris , Wang Xiuyi , Varga Dominika , Krieger-Redwood Katya , Royer Jessica , Rodriguez-Cruces Raul , Vos de Wael Reinder , Margulies Daniel S. , Smallwood Jonathan , Jefferies Elizabeth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile reading, the mind can wander to unrelated autobiographical information, creating a perceptually-decoupled state detrimental to narrative comprehension. To understand how this mind-wandering state emerges, we asked whether retrieving autobiographical content necessitates functional disengagement from visual input. In Experiment 1, brain activity was recorded using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in an experimental situation mimicking naturally occurring mind-wandering, allowing us to precisely delineate neural regions involved in memory and reading. Individuals read expository texts and ignored personally relevant autobiographical memories, as well as the opposite situation. Medial regions of the default mode network (DMN) were recruited during memory retrieval. In contrast, left temporal and lateral prefrontal regions of the DMN, as well as ventral visual cortex, were recruited when reading for comprehension. Experiment 2 used functional connectivity at rest to establish that (i) DMN regions linked to memory are more functionally decoupled from regions of ventral visual cortex than regions in the same network engaged when reading, and (ii) individuals reporting more mind-wandering and worse comprehension, while reading in the lab, showed increased functional decoupling between visually-connected DMN sites important for reading and a region of dorsal occipital cortex linked to autobiographical memory in Experiment 1. These data suggest we lose track of the narrative when our mind wanders because the generation of autobiographical mental content relies on cortical regions within the DMN which are functionally decoupled from ventral visual regions engaged during reading.Significance statementWhen the mind wanders during reading, we lose track of information from the narrative. We hypothesised that poor comprehension occurs because retrieving autobiographical memories reduces the perceptual coupling necessary to understand written words. We show that default mode network (DMN) areas involved in reading are functionally more connected to ventral visual regions than DMN regions important for autobiographical memory. Furthermore, individuals who mind-wander more, and comprehend less, have weaker connectivity between visually-coupled DMN regions linked to reading and dorsal occipital areas linked to autobiographical memory. These data suggest that when our minds wander during reading, retrieval of personally-relevant information activates DMN regions that are functionally disconnected from visual input, creating a perceptually decoupled state detrimental to comprehension.
Bayes Estimate of Primary Threshold in Cluster-wise fMRI Inferences
Authors: Ge Yunjiang , Hare Stephanie , Chen Gang , Waltz James , Kochunov Peter , Hong L. Elliot , Chen Shuo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCluster-wise statistical inference is the most widely used technique for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data analyses. Cluster-wise statistical inference consists of two steps: i) primary thresholding that excludes less significant voxels by a pre-specified cut-off (e.g.,p< 0.001); and ii) cluster-wise thresholding that controls the family-wise error rate (FWER) caused by clusters consisting of false positive suprathreshold voxels. It has been well known that the selection of the primary threshold is critical because it determines both statistical power and false discovery rate. However, in most existing statistical packages, the primary threshold is selected based on prior knowledge (e.g.,p< 0.001) without taking into account the information in the data. In this manuscript, we propose a data-driven approach to objectively select the optimal primary threshold based on an empirical Bayes framework. We evaluate the proposed model using extensive simulation studies and an fMRI data example. The results show that our method can effectively increase statistical power while effectively controlling the false discovery rate.
Reference ontology and database annotation of the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19)
Authors: Giles Oliver , Huntley Rachael , Karlsson Anneli , Lomax Jane , Malone James 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) was released in March 2020 to allow the machine learning and wider research community to develop techniques to answer scientific questions on COVID-19. The dataset consists of a large collection of scientific literature, including over 100,000 full text papers. Annotating training data to normalise variability in biological entities can improve the performance of downstream analysis and interpretation. To facilitate and enhance the use of the CORD-19 data in these applications, in late March 2020 we performed a comprehensive annotation process using named entity recognition tool, TERMite, along with a number of large reference ontologies and vocabularies including domains of genes, proteins, drugs and virus strains. The additional annotation has identified and tagged over 45 million entities within the corpus made up of 62,746 unique biomedical entities. The latest updated version of the annotated data, as well as older versions, is made openly available under GPL-2.0 License for the community to use at:https://github.com/SciBiteLabs/CORD19
DOT1L methyltransferase regulates the calcium influx in erythroid progenitor cells in response to erythropoietin
Authors: Feng Yi , Borosha Shaon , Ratri Anamika , Housami Sami M. , Chakravarthi V. Praveen , Wang Huizhen , Vivian Jay L. , Fields Timothy A , Kinsey William , Rumi MA Karim , Fields Patrick E. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTErythropoietin (EPO) signaling plays a vital role in erythropoiesis by regulating proliferation and lineage-specific differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. An important downstream response of EPO signaling is calcium influx, which is regulated by transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) proteins, particularly TRPC2 and TRPC6. While EPO induces Ca2+influx through TRPC2, TRPC6 inhibits the function of TRPC2. Thus, interactions between TRPC2 and TRPC6 regulate the rate of Ca2+influx in EPO-induced erythropoiesis. In this study, we observed that the expression of TRPC6 in c-KIT positive erythroid progenitor cells is regulated by DOT1L. DOT1L is a methyltransferase that plays an important role in many biological processes during embryonic development, including early erythropoiesis. We previously reported thatDot1Lknockout (Dot1L-KO) hematopoietic progenitors in the yolk sac failed to develop properly, which resulted in lethal anemia. In this study, we have detected a marked downregulation ofTrpc6gene expression inDot1L-KOprogenitor cells in the yolk sac compared to wildtype. However, the expression ofTrpc2, the positive regulator of Ca2+influx, remained unchanged. The promoter and the proximal region of theTrpc6gene loci exhibited an enrichment of H3K79 methylation, which is mediated solely by DOT1L. As the loss of DOT1L affects the expression of TRPC6, which inhibits Ca2+influx by TRPC2,Dot1L-KOprogenitor cells in the yolk sac exhibit accelerated and sustained high levels of Ca2+influx. Such heightened Ca2+levels might have detrimental effects on the development of hematopoietic progenitor cells in response to erythropoietin.
Precision Targeting of the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Mechanism Increases Efficacy of Fibrinolytic Therapy in Empyema
Authors: Florova Galina , Girard René A. , Azghani Ali O. , Sarva Krishna , Buchanan Ann , Karandashova Sophia , DeVera Christian J. , Morris Danna , Chamiso Mignote , Koenig Kathleen , Cines Douglas B. , Idell Steven , Komissarov Andrey A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an endogenous irreversible inhibitor of tissue-type (tPA) and urokinase (uPA) plasminogen activators. PAI-1-targeted fibrinolytic therapy (PAI-1-TFT) is designed to decrease the therapeutic dose of tPA and uPA to attenuate the risk of bleeding and other complications. The docking site peptide (DSP) is a part of the PAI-1 reactive center loop, which interacts with plasminogen activators, thus affecting the PAI-1 mechanism. We used DSP for PAI-1-TFT in two rabbit models: chemically-induced pleural injury andStreptococcus pneumoniaeinduced empyema. PAI-1-TFT with DSP combined with single chain uPA or tPA resulted in an up to 8-fold decrease in the minimal effective therapeutic dose of plasminogen activator and induced no bleeding. An increase in the level of PAI-1 in infectious pleural injury, when compared to chemically-induced injury, coincided with an increase in the minimal effective dose of plasminogen activator and DSP. PAI-1 is a valid molecular target inS. pneumoniaeempyema model in rabbits, which closely recapitulates key characteristics of empyema in humans. Low dose PAI-1-TFT is a novel precise interventional strategy that may improve fibrinolytic therapy of empyema in clinical practice.
Translational activity is uncoupled from nucleic acid content in bacterial cells of the human gut microbiota
Authors: Taguer Mariia , Shapiro B. Jesse , Maurice Corinne F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundChanges in bacterial diversity in the human gut microbiome, characterized primarily though DNA sequencing methods, have been associated with many different adverse health conditions. However, these changes do not always reflect changes in bacterial activity, and thus how the gut microbiome is implicated in disease is still not often understood. New methods that link together bacterial function to bacterial identity are needed to further explore the role of the gut microbiome in health and disease. We optimized bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) for the gut microbiota and combined it with fluorescently activated cell sorting and sequencing (FACS-Seq) to identify the translationally active members of the community. We then used this novel technique to compare and contrast to other methods of bulk community measurements of activity and viability: physiological staining of relative nucleic acid content and membrane damage. Relative nucleic acid content has previously been linked to metabolic activity, yet remains currently undefined for the human gut microbiota.ResultsTen healthy, unrelated individuals were sampled to determine the proportion and diversity of distinct physiological fractions of their gut microbiota. The translationally active bacteria represent about half of the gut microbiota, and are not distinct from the whole community. The high nucleic acid content (HNA) bacteria also represent about half of the gut microbiota, but are distinct from the whole community and correlate with the damaged subset. Perturbing the community with xenobiotics previously shown to alter bacterial activity but not diversity resulted in stronger changes in the distinct physiological fractions than in the whole community.ConclusionsBONCAT is a suitable method to probe the translationally active members of the human gut microbiota, and combined with FACS-Seq, allows for their identification. The high nucleic acid content bacteria are not necessarily the protein-producing bacteria in the community, and so further work is needed to understand the relationship between nucleic acid content and bacterial metabolism in the human gut. Taking into account physiologically distinct subsets of the gut microbiota may be more informative than relying on whole community profiling.
Analysis of a comprehensive wellness program's impact on job satisfaction in the workplace
Authors: Marshall Craig 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis research study included an examination into the extent that a comprehensive wellness program affects employees' job satisfaction levels. As the leaders of more hospitality organizations implement wellness programs in the workplace, they will want to understand what factors, besides the employees' health, the wellness programs can impact. Survey participants were self-identified employees of the hospitality organization who did or did not participate in the wellness program. Research findings indicated there was a significant difference in extrinsic and intrinsic job satisfaction levels between employees who participated and employees who were nonparticipating in the wellness program.Design/methodology/approachThe population for this study was from a contract foodservice organization that provides facility services to higher education organizations, from their northeast regional location that consisted of approximately 200 employees. The employees of the organization ranged from entry-level positions, up to and including senior-level management. The researcher solicited employees in all departments in the organization to participate in the survey. The company offers a comprehensive wellness program, and all employees in the organization had a choice to participate in the wellness program.FindingsThe intent of the study was to determine if participating in a wellness program affected the employee's job satisfaction levels. Securing a hospitality organization to survey was a challenge, possibly because the survey included questions about job satisfaction. The purpose of the study was to identify whether participation in the wellness program affected employees' extrinsic and intrinsic job satisfaction levels. Hospitality organizations continue to allocate resources to implement and improve existing wellness programs in the workplace. Researchers had not specifically focused on the potential impact a wellness program might have on employee job satisfaction levels. Cyboran and Goldsmith (2012) concluded organization leaders should take steps to create an effective workplace. The study showed that even though hospitality organization leaders are dedicating resources to the development and implementation of wellness programs, participating in the wellness program has an effect on increasing or maintaining current employees' extrinsic and intrinsic job satisfaction levels throughout the organization.Originality/valueThis is the author’s research that was conducted for a dissertation that has been turned into a research article for publication.
A continuous-time optimal control model for workforce planning considering human resource strategies (HRS)
Authors: Pooya Alireza , Pakdaman Morteza , Monazam Ebrahimpour Shila 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to present a continuous-time workforce planning model in which workforce flow occurs in terms of internal and external recruitment considering human resource strategies (HRS). The proposed model is a linear optimal control model in which promotions occur by inside appointment and outside employment of the system considering a cost leadership or a differentiation strategy and whether organizations have an internal or an external recruitment orientation. In other words, in the model and its solution procedure, this paper could determine any arbitrary function for the demand of the workforce with each HRS.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed model contains five main sections, namely, applicants, newcomers, workforce who are doing sensitive-simple jobs, expert workforce and supervisors (or managers) that have a different orientation in different HRS. Each of these sections has a target value that this paper tries to attain it by applying appropriate control variables, such as recruitment, layoff, degradation, promotion and retirement. To reach this purpose, this paper formulated an optimal control problem using a linear system transition equation with a quadratic cost function.

Findings
Based on the proposed model, it was found that the optimal control model can interpret the managerial aspects. This model could be useful for different firms with different types of workforce demands. This paper has tried to have a comprehensive view of different flows of the workforce in an organization that concern to workforce planning.

Originality/value
Despite the considerable amount of research published, and the importance of following a human resources strategy from organizational strategy, in the knowledge, there is no comprehensive study dedicated to human resources strategy and workforce planning by optimal control models for workforce planning.
Pregnant women’s use of e‐cigarettes in the UK: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Bowker K , Lewis S , Phillips L , Orton S , Ussher M , Naughton F , Bauld L , Coleman T , Sinclair L , McRobbie H , Khan A , Cooper S 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate prevalence of vaping in pregnancy. Compare characteristics and attitudes between exclusive smokers and vapers, and between exclusive vapers and dual users (smoke and vape).DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingHospitals across England and Scotland.PopulationPregnant women attending antenatal clinics in 2017.MethodsWomen at 8–24 weeks’ gestation completed screening questions about their smoking and vaping. Current or recent ex‐smokers and/or vapers completed a full detailed survey about vaping and smoking.Main outcome measuresThe prevalence of vaping, characteristics and attitudes of women who vape and/or smoke.ResultsOf 3360 pregnant women who completed screening questions, 515 (15.3%, 95% CI 14.1–16.6) were exclusive smokers, 44 (1.3%, 95% CI 1.0–1.8) exclusive vapers and 118 (3.5%, 95% CI 2.9–4.2) dual users. In total, 867 (25.8%) women completed the full survey; compared with smokers (n = 434), vapers (n = 140) were more likely to hold higher educational qualifications (odds ratio [OR) 1.51, 95% CI 1.01–2.25). Compared with exclusive vapers (n = 33), dual users (n = 107) were younger (OR 0.91 95% CI 0.85–0.98) and less likely to hold high qualifications (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20–0.96). Compared with smokers, dual users were more likely to be planning to quit smoking (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.24–4.18). Compared with smokers, vapers were more likely to think vaping was safer than smoking (78.6% versus 36.4%).ConclusionsOne in 20 pregnant women report vaping, and most also smoke. Dual users are more motivated towards stopping smoking than smokers. Where women have tried but cannot stop smoking, clinicians could encourage them to consider vaping for smoking cessation.Tweetable extractOne in 20 women report vaping during pregnancy but of those that do vape, most also smoke, despite having intentions to quit.
Changes in early high‐risk opioid prescribing practices after policy interventions in Washington State
Authors: Sears Jeanne M. , Haight John R. , Fulton‐Kehoe Deborah , Wickizer Thomas M. , Mai Jaymie , Franklin Gary M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo test associations between several opioid prescribing policy interventions and changes in early (acute/subacute) high‐risk opioid prescribing practices.Data SourcesPopulation‐based workers' compensation pharmacy billing and claims data, Washington State Department of Labor and Industries (January 2008‐June 2015).Study DesignWe used interrupted time series analysis to test associations between three policy intervention timepoints and monthly proportions of population‐based measures of high‐risk, low‐risk, and any workers’ compensation‐related opioid prescribing. We also tested associations between the policy intervention timepoints and five high‐risk opioid prescribing indicators among workers prescribed any opioids within 3 months after injury: (a) >7 cumulative (not necessarily consecutive) days‘ supply of opioids during the acute phase, (b) high‐dose opioids, (c) concurrent sedatives, (d) chronic opioids, and (e) a composite high‐risk opioid prescribing indicator.Principal FindingsWithin 3 months after injury, 9 percent of workers were exposed to high‐risk and 12 percent to low‐risk workers’ compensation‐related opioid prescribing; 79 percent filled no workers’ compensation‐related opioid prescription. Among workers prescribed any early (acute/subacute) opioids, the indicator for >7 days' supply of opioids during the acute phase was present for 30 percent, high‐dose opioids for 18 percent, concurrent sedatives for 3 percent, and chronic opioids for 2 percent. Beyond a general shift toward more infrequent and lower‐risk workers’ compensation‐related opioid prescribing, each policy intervention timepoint was significantly associated with reductions in specific acute/subacute high‐risk opioid prescribing indicators; each of the four specific high‐risk opioid prescribing indicators had significant reductions associated with at least one policy.ConclusionsSeveral state‐level opioid prescribing policies were significantly associated with safer workers’ compensation‐related opioid prescribing practices during the first 3 months after injury (acute/subacute phase), which should in turn reduce transition to chronic opioids and associated negative health outcomes.
Innovative pathway for managing children and adolescents with mental health concerns in the emergency department: An intervention feasibility study
Authors: Nagarsekar Balkrishna B , Townsend Jackie , Ohr Se Ok , Clapham Matthew , Giles Michelle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate if an innovative clinical pathway for managing child and adolescent mental health (MH) ED presentations reduces average length of stay (LOS) and improves carer satisfaction.MethodsAn intervention feasibility study at an ED. Participants were 5–17 years olds presenting with MH problems and their carers. ED medical officer (MO) led Kids Assessment Liaison for Mental Health (KALM) clinical pathway was implemented as an intervention and it was compared to Care as Usual pathway which involved ED MO and MH clinicians. Data were collected via the ED clinical data system and a carer survey. Data were analysed by using SAS v9.4 (SAS, Cary, NC, USA). Survey was compared using Fisher's exact test and LOS was compared using median quantile regression.ResultsFifty (23%) patients used the KALM pathway and 169 (77%) the Care as Usual pathway. The median (min, max) LOS in hours for those on the KALM pathway was 4.13 (0.46, 11.55) compared to 5.09 (0.21, 19.12) for Care as Usual pathway (P = 0.1407). Fewer patients breached the National Emergency Access Target (NEAT) when the KALM pathway was used (56%, n = 28 vs 64%, n = 108, P = 0.252). There were no significant differences in the carer survey between the two care pathways.ConclusionThis study provides valuable information about the benefits of the KALM pathway in managing child and adolescent MH presentations to ED. This new pathway reduces the LOS in ED and improves carer experience compared to the usual care pathway.
Establishing a hospital‐based ultrasound‐guided peripheral intravenous catheter training programme: A narrative of a 5‐year experience
Authors: Archer‐Jones Amy , Snelling Peter J , Watkins Stuart 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite ultrasound‐guided peripheral intravenous catheter insertion being a well‐established method for patients with difficult intravenous access, currently there are limited hospital‐based training programmes. We describe the training programme that was established in our hospital over 5 years ago and how it can be replicated in other centres.