bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Plane of BOSS galaxies: correlations with galaxy properties, density field, and impact on RSD measurements
Authors: Singh Sukhdeep , Yu Byeonghee , Seljak Uroš 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Fundamental Plane (FP) of elliptical galaxies can be used to predict the intrinsic size of galaxies and has a number of plausible application to study cosmology and galaxy physics. We present a detailed analysis of the FP of the SDSS-III BOSS LOWZ and CMASS galaxies. For the standard FP, we find a strong redshift evolution for the mean residual and show that it is primarily driven by the redshift evolution of the surface brightness of the galaxies. After correcting for the redshift evolution, the FP residuals are strongly correlated with the galaxy properties and some observational systematics. We show that the variations in the FP between the central and satellite galaxies, which have been observed in the literature, can primarily be explained by the correlation of the FP with the galaxy luminosity. We also measure the cross-correlations of the FP residuals with the galaxy density field. The amplitude of the cross-correlations depends on the galaxy properties and environment with brighter and redder galaxies showing stronger correlation. In general, galaxies in denser environments (higher galaxy bias) show stronger correlations. We also compare FP amplitude with the amplitudes of intrinsic alignments (IA) of galaxy shapes, finding the two to be correlated. Finally, using the FP residuals, we also study the impact of IA on the constraint of growth rate using redshift-space distortions (RSD). We do not observe any significant trends in measurements of the growth rate f as function of the amplitude of FP–density correlations, resulting in null detection of the effects of IA on the RSD measurements.
Pulsar radio emission mechanisms: a critique
Authors: Melrose D B , Rafat M Z , Mastrano A 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We consider critically the three most widely favoured pulsar radio emission mechanisms: coherent curvature emission (CCE), beam-driven relativistic plasma emission (RPE), and anomalous Doppler emission (ADE). We assume that the pulsar plasma is 1D, streaming outwards with a bulk Lorentz factor γs ≫ 〈γ〉 − 1 ≳ 1, where 〈γ〉 is the intrinsic spread in the rest frame of the plasma. We argue that the formation of beams in a multicloud model is ineffective in the intrinsically relativistic case for plausible parameters because the overtaking takes too long. We argue that the default choice for the particle distribution in the rest frame is a Jüttner distribution and that relativistic streaming should be included by applying a Lorentz transformation to the rest-frame distribution, rather than the widely assumed relativistically streaming Gaussian distribution. We find that beam-driven wave growth is severely restricted by (a) the wave properties in pulsar plasma, (b) a separation condition between beam and background, and (c) the inhomogeneity of the plasma in the pulsar frame. The growth rate for the kinetic instability is much smaller and the bandwidth of the growing waves is much larger for a Jüttner distribution than for a relativistically streaming Gaussian distribution. No reactive instability occurs at all for a Jüttner distribution. We conclude that none of CCE, RPE, and ADE is tenable as the generic pulsar radio emission mechanism for ‘plausible’ assumptions about the pulsar plasma.
Compact galaxies and the size–mass galaxy distribution from a colour-selected sample at 0.04 &lt; z &lt; 0.15 supplemented by ugrizYJHK photometric redshifts
Authors: Baldry Ivan K , Sullivan Tricia , Rani Raffaele , Turner Sebastian 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The size–mass galaxy distribution is a key diagnostic for galaxy evolution. Massive compact galaxies are potential surviving relics of a high-redshift phase of star formation. Some of these could be nearly unresolved in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) imaging and thus not included in galaxy samples. To overcome this, a sample was selected from the combination of SDSS and UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) photometry to r &lt; 17.8. This was done using colour–colour selection, and then by obtaining accurate photometric redshifts (photo-z) using scaled flux matching (SFM). Compared to spectroscopic redshifts (spec-z), SFM obtained a 1σ scatter of 0.0125 with only 0.3 per cent outliers (|Δln (1 + z)| &gt; 0.06). A sample of 163 186 galaxies was obtained with 0.04 &lt; z &lt; 0.15 over $2300\, {\rm deg}^2$ using a combination of spec-z and photo-z. Following Barro et al. log Σ1.5 = log M* − 1.5log r50, maj was used to define compactness. The spectroscopic completeness was 76 per cent for compact galaxies (log Σ1.5 &gt; 10.5) compared to 92 per cent for normal-sized galaxies. This difference is primarily attributed to SDSS ‘fibre collisions’ and not the completeness of the main galaxy sample selection. Using environmental overdensities, this confirms that compact quiescent galaxies are significantly more likely to be found in high-density environments compared to normal-sized galaxies. By comparison with a high-redshift sample from 3D-HST, log Σ1.5 distribution functions show significant evolution, with this being a compelling way to compare with simulations such as EAGLE. The number density of compact quiescent galaxies drops by a factor of about 30 from z ∼ 2 to log (n/Mpc−3) = − 5.3 ± 0.4 in the SDSS–UKIDSS sample. The uncertainty is dominated by the steep cut off in log Σ1.5, which is demonstrated conclusively using this complete sample.
Extreme kinematic misalignment in IllustrisTNG galaxies: the origin, structure, and internal dynamics of galaxies with a large-scale counterrotation
Authors: Khoperskov Sergey , Zinchenko Igor , Avramov Branislav , Khrapov Sergey , Berczik Peter , Saburova Anna , Ishchenko Marina , Khoperskov Alexander , Pulsoni Claudia , Venichenko Yulia , Bizyaev Dmitry , Moiseev Alexei 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We provide an in-deep analysis of 25 galaxies with substantial counterrotation from IllustrisTNG100 simulations in the stellar mass range 2×109−3×1010 M⊙. The counterrotation is a result of an external gas infall ≈2–8 Gyr ago. The infall leads to the removal of pre-existing gas, which is captured and mixed together with the infalling component. This mixture ends up in the counterrotating gaseous disc where ${\approx}90{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of counterrotating stars formed in-situ. During the early phases of the infall, gas can be found in extended structures which, in some galaxies, are similar to (nearly-) polar ring-like components. We suggest that the AGN activity does not cause the counterrotation, although it is efficiently triggered by the retrograde gas infall, and it correlates well with the misaligned component appearance. We also find the vertical-to-radial velocity dispersion ratio above unity implying the importance of misalignment in shaping the velocity ellipsoids.
GENCODE 2021
Authors: Frankish Adam , Diekhans Mark , Jungreis Irwin , Lagarde Julien , Loveland Jane E , Mudge Jonathan M , Sisu Cristina , Wright James C , Armstrong Joel , Barnes If , Berry Andrew , Bignell Alexandra , Boix Carles , Carbonell Sala Silvia , Cunningham Fiona , Di Domenico Tomás , Donaldson Sarah , Fiddes Ian T , García Girón Carlos , Gonzalez Jose Manuel , Grego Tiago , Hardy Matthew , Hourlier Thibaut , Howe Kevin L , Hunt Toby , Izuogu Osagie G , Johnson Rory , Martin Fergal J , Martínez Laura , Mohanan Shamika , Muir Paul , Navarro Fabio C P , Parker Anne , Pei Baikang , Pozo Fernando , Riera Ferriol Calvet , Ruffier Magali , Schmitt Bianca M , Stapleton Eloise , Suner Marie-Marthe , Sycheva Irina , Uszczynska-Ratajczak Barbara , Wolf Maxim Y , Xu Jinuri , Yang Yucheng T , Yates Andrew , Zerbino Daniel , Zhang Yan , Choudhary Jyoti S , Gerstein Mark , Guigó Roderic , Hubbard Tim J P , Kellis Manolis , Paten Benedict , Tress Michael L , Flicek Paul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The GENCODE project annotates human and mouse genes and transcripts supported by experimental data with high accuracy, providing a foundational resource that supports genome biology and clinical genomics. GENCODE annotation processes make use of primary data and bioinformatic tools and analysis generated both within the consortium and externally to support the creation of transcript structures and the determination of their function. Here, we present improvements to our annotation infrastructure, bioinformatics tools, and analysis, and the advances they support in the annotation of the human and mouse genomes including: the completion of first pass manual annotation for the mouse reference genome; targeted improvements to the annotation of genes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection; collaborative projects to achieve convergence across reference annotation databases for the annotation of human and mouse protein-coding genes; and the first GENCODE manually supervised automated annotation of lncRNAs. Our annotation is accessible via Ensembl, the UCSC Genome Browser and https://www.gencodegenes.org.
Event-related potentials reflect prediction errors and pop-out during comprehension of degraded speech
Authors: Banellis Leah , Sokoliuk Rodika , Wild Conor J , Bowman Howard , Cruse Damian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Comprehension of degraded speech requires higher-order expectations informed by prior knowledge. Accurate top-down expectations of incoming degraded speech cause a subjective semantic ‘pop-out’ or conscious breakthrough experience. Indeed, the same stimulus can be perceived as meaningless when no expectations are made in advance. We investigated the event-related potential (ERP) correlates of these top-down expectations, their error signals and the subjective pop-out experience in healthy participants. We manipulated expectations in a word-pair priming degraded (noise-vocoded) speech task and investigated the role of top-down expectation with a between-groups attention manipulation. Consistent with the role of expectations in comprehension, repetition priming significantly enhanced perceptual intelligibility of the noise-vocoded degraded targets for attentive participants. An early ERP was larger for mismatched (i.e. unexpected) targets than matched targets, indicative of an initial error signal not reliant on top-down expectations. Subsequently, a P3a-like ERP was larger to matched targets than mismatched targets only for attending participants—i.e. a pop-out effect—while a later ERP was larger for mismatched targets and did not significantly interact with attention. Rather than relying on complex post hoc interactions between prediction error and precision to explain this apredictive pattern, we consider our data to be consistent with prediction error minimization accounts for early stages of processing followed by Global Neuronal Workspace-like breakthrough and processing in service of task goals.
Role of available adjuvant therapies following surgical resection of atypical choroid plexus papilloma—a systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors: Tavallaii Amin , Keykhosravi Ehsan , Rezaee Hamid , Kianbakht Camellia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Atypical choroid plexus papilloma is a recently introduced entity with intermediate pathological characteristics. These tumors are relatively rare and the optimal management of these tumors is a matter of debate. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and pooled analysis about the effects of adjuvant therapies on outcome measures of these patients. We also compared these effects on totally and partially resected tumors and pediatric and adult populations.

Methods
A systematic search of 3 databases based on inclusion/exclusion criteria was performed. Data extraction was separately performed by 2 authors, and the summarized data were presented in the form of tables. Pooled estimates of different outcome measures were calculated for each adjuvant therapy and presented separately for studies with pediatric, adult, or mixed populations.

Results
A review of 14 included studies consisting of 144 patients revealed the effect of adjuvant treatment on reduction of tumor recurrence, metastasis, and reoperation rates and increasing survival rates in patients with subtotal tumor resection. This advantage was not seen in the case of gross total tumor resection. Almost all outcome measures were more favorable in the pediatric population.

Conclusions
It can be concluded that whenever gross total resection is not feasible, the implementation of adjuvant therapy can improve the outcome and prognosis. In other cases, it should be decided on an individual basis. Also, more aggressive behavior and higher rates of recurrence and mortality in the adult population suggest the consideration of more aggressive adjuvant treatments for adult patients.
Measuring more than just economic growth to improve well-being
Authors: Danielli Shaun , Donnelly Patrice , Coffey Tom , Horn Schellion , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It’s official: The UK is in a recession. The economy has suffered its biggest slump on record with a drop in gross domestic product (GDP) of 20.4%. 1 This is going to have a significant impact on our health and well-being. It risks creating a spiralling decay as we know good health is not only a consequence, but also a condition for sustained and sustainable economic development. 2 In this way, the health of a nation creates a virtuous circle of improved health and improved economic prosperity. How we measure prosperity is therefore important and needs to be considered.
Prevalence and associated socioeconomic factors of multimorbidity in 10 regions of China: an analysis of 0.5 million adults
Authors: Zou Siyu , Wang Zhicheng , Bhura Maria , Zhang Guoting , Tang Kun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The epidemiology of multiple chronic conditions in China is poorly understood. We investigated the prevalence of multimorbidity among the middle-aged and elderly population in China and analyzed its demographic and socioeconomic correlates.

Methods
Data were obtained from the baseline of the China Kadoorie Biobank Study, which recruited over 0.5 million participants between 2004 and 2008. We calculated the prevalence by the characteristics of multimorbidity. The demographic and socioeconomic correlates were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model.

Results
15.9% of the participants were multimorbid. Although the prevalence of multimorbidity increased with age, the absolute number of people with multimorbidity was much higher among middle-aged adults (30–60 years, n = 42 041) than the elderly group (&gt;60 years, n = 38 834). The odd of multimorbidity was higher in males (aOR =1.09, 95% CI: 1.07–1.11) and among those who were unemployed (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.55–1.62). Those who received the highest level of education were most likely to be multimorbid compared with those with no education (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09–1.19). Such an association was similar when treating multimorbidity as multinomial variable.

Conclusions
Multimorbidity is a public health concern, with higher prevalence among the elderly, males and those who belong to a lower socioeconomic stratum. Actions are needed to curb multimorbidity epidemic in China.
Investments in social ties, risk sharing, and inequality
Authors: Ambrus Attila , Elliott Matt 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article investigates stable and efficient networks in the context of risk sharing, when it is costly to establish and maintain relationships that facilitate risk sharing. We find a novel trade-off between efficiency and equality: the most stable efficient networks also generate the most inequality. We then suppose that individuals can be split into groups, assuming that incomes across groups are less correlated than within a group but relationships across groups are more costly to form. The tension between efficiency and equality extends to these correlated income structures. More-central agents have stronger incentives to form across-group links, reaffirming the efficiency benefits of having highly central agents. Our results are robust to many extensions. In general, endogenously formed networks in the risk-sharing context tend to exhibit highly asymmetric structures, which can lead to stark inequalities in consumption levels.
Mosaic patterns of homoplasy accompany the parallel evolution of suspensory adaptations in the forelimb of tree sloths (Folivora: Xenarthra)
Authors: Spear Jeffrey K , Williams Scott A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe examine how derived functional signal and phylogenetic inheritance interact in the forelimb of tree sloths, to understand the relative contribution of each in the evolution of a novel morphobehavioural suite. Molecular and craniodental data demonstrate that extant tree sloths evolved suspensory behaviours and associated morphologies from a non-suspensory ancestor independently of one another, making them a useful model system. We find that convergence in univariate traits is expressed mosaically, although the signal is largely functional. Three-dimensional analyses suggest there is greater conservatism of gross morphology in more proximal bones than in more distal elements. Convergence in some univariate scapular traits is independent of the gross morphology of the scapula itself, demonstrating that functionally relevant morphologies were mapped on to a more conserved scapular shape. Our results suggest that morphological homoplasy is expressed in a mosaic manner. The relationship between homoplasy and trait integration may be more nuanced than previously thought, even within a single adaptive system.
Safety and feasibility of lung biopsy in diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fukuda Yosuke , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Yamada Yoshie , Ito Hiroyuki , Tanaka Takeshi , Yoshida Takuo , Okamori Satoshi , Ando Koichi , Okada Yohei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a type of acute respiratory failure characterized by non-cardiac pulmonary edema caused by various underlying conditions. ARDS is often pathologically characterized by diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), and its pathological findings have been reported to be associated with prognosis, although the adverse effects of lung biopsies to obtain pathological findings are still unclear. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to reveal the safety and feasibility of lung biopsy in the diagnosis of ARDS.Methods and analysisWe will include studies that were published in MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials until June 1, 2020. We will include the reports for critically ill patients in an intensive care unit or emergency department who undergo lung biopsy and require a mechanical ventilation. Two review authors will independently scan titles and abstracts of all identified studies. Furthermore, these two authors will read and assess the full text of study reports to identify trials that appeared broadly to address the subject of the review. We will perform a risk of bias assessment using the McMaster Quality Assessment Scale of Harms.Ethics and disseminationThis study will be based on the published data, therefore, it does not require ethical approval. The final results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.UMIN registration numberUMIN000040650Strengths and limitations of this studyThis protocol complies with the Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol guidelines.This systematic review and meta-analysis will assess the safety and feasibility of lung biopsy in patients with ARDS.We will evaluate the risk of bias and report according to the McMaster Quality Assessment Scale of Harms.This review will include the reports about only adult patients with acute respiratory failure.We will plan to exclude non-English databases in this study.
COVID-19 in regions with low prevalence and low density of population. An uncertainty dynamic modeling approach
Authors: Garrido José M. , Martínez-Rodríguez David , Rodríguez-Serrano Fernando , Díez-Domingo Javier ,   COVID-19_Granada Study Group, Villanueva Rafael-J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that emerged in China at the end of 2019 has spread worldwide. In this article, we present a mathematical SEIR model focused on analysing the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, the patients circulating in the hospitals and evaluating the effects of health policies and vaccination on the control of the pandemic. We tested the model using registered cases and population data from the province of Granada (Spain), that represents a population size near 1 million citizens with low density of population and low prevalence. After calibrating the model with the data obtained from 15 March to 22 September 2020, we simulate different vaccination scenarios - including effectiveness and availability date - in order to study the possible evolution of the disease. The results show that: 1) infected will increase until 5.6% - 7.4% of the total population over next 3-4 months (2nd wave); 2) vaccination seems not to be enough to face the pandemic and other strategies should be used; 3) we also support the claim of the WHO about the effectiveness of the vaccine, that should be, at least, of 50% to represent a substantial progress against the COVID-19; 4) after the 2nd wave, the return to normal life should be controlled and gradual to avoid a 3rd wave. The proposed study may be a useful tool for giving insight into the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and to design vaccination and health policies.
SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in untreated wastewater: first detection in a low-resource community in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Iglesias Néstor Gabriel , Gebhard Leopoldo Germán , Carballeda Juan Manuel , Aiello Ignacio , Recalde Emiliano , Terny Gabriel , Ambrosolio Silvina , L’Arco Gabriela , Konfino Jonatan , Brardinelli Juan Ignacio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecently, the World Health Organization (WHO) in a brief report about the status of environmental surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 indicated that approaches are needed that can be applied in lower-resource settings, where a greater proportion of the population is not connected to sewers and instead uses pit toilets or septic tanks. Possibilities include testing surface water contaminated by sewage. In this study we measured SARS-CoV-2 RNA from a surface water source in a low-income settlement. We observe for this community that measurements of SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in surface water contaminated by sewage can be considered as an estimation of changes in COVID-19 prevalence on a population level.