bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of technical assistance in U.S. labor and health sector collaboration to address precarious work
Authors: Bonney Tessa , Welter Christina , Jarpe-Ratner Elizabeth , Velonis Alisa , Conroy Lorraine 
Published: October 2020

Summary
Precarious work has recognized adverse impacts on the health of workers; however, there are few policy, systems and environmental (PSE) change public health interventions that target the causes and consequences of precarious work. To build the capacity of health organizations to develop and implement such interventions, researchers engaged representatives from health organizations in a six-session learning process, entitled the healthy work collaborative. Representatives of labor organizations were engaged as technical assistance (TA) providers, which involved sharing content and skill knowledge with health participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with providers and participants to examine perceptions of the role of TA; providers’ motivations for providing TA; and providers’ and participants’ perceptions of the impact of TA on learning and preparing for subsequent intervention. Results suggest that the provider–participant engagement evolved from one-way knowledge translation to a robust, two-way knowledge exchange with potential for collaborative intervention development and implementation. These results highlight the ways in which this provider–participant model facilitated engagement between representatives from sectors that had not previously worked together and suggests that such a model may be effective in catalyzing multi-level, multi-sectoral PSE change to address precarious work.
Exclusion of complex aortic aneurysm with chimney endovascular aortic repair is applicable in a minority of patients treated with fenestrated endografts
Authors: Kliewer Miriam , Pelanek-Völk Elisabeth , Plimon Markus , Taher Fadi , Assadian Afshin , Falkensammer Jürgen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The Medtronic Endurant II stent graft has recently received Conformité Européenne (CE) approval for the use in chimney endovascular aortic repair (ChEVAR) for the treatment for juxtarenal aortic aneurysms. The aim of this study was to assess the percentage of patients treated by fenestrated endovascular repair who would have been alternatively suitable for the treatment by the CE approved Medtronic ChEVAR.

METHODS
Preoperative computed tomography scans of 100 patients who underwent fenestrated endovascular aortic repair (FEVAR) between April 2013 and February 2017 were retrospectively assessed for the applicability of the ChEVAR technique according to the Medtronic instructions for use. Eligibility criteria included an aortic neck diameter of 19–30 mm, a minimum infrarenal neck length of 2 mm, a total proximal sealing zone of at least 15 mm, thrombus in the aortic neck in ˂25% of the circumference, and maximum aortic angulations of 60° in the infrarenal, 45° in the suprarenal segment and ˂45° above the superior mesenteric artery.

RESULTS
According to CE-approved inclusion criteria, 19 individuals (19%) would have been eligible for ChEVAR. In 81 patients, at least 1 measure was found outside instructions for use: (i) excluding factor was detected in 26 patients, (ii) incongruous measures in 28 patients and in 27 patients, 3–5 measures were outside the instructions for use. The most frequently identified excluding factor was an insufficient infrarenal neck at ˂2 mm length (n = 63; 63%).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with juxta- or pararenal aneurysm treated by FEVAR are in 19% of the cases alternatively suitable for the treatment by ChEVAR within CE-approved instructions for use. While ChEVAR is suitable in many emergency cases, FEVAR offers a broader applicability in an elective setting.
Functional Interplay of Type-2 Corticotrophin Releasing Factor and Dopamine Receptors in the Basolateral Amygdala-Medial Prefrontal Cortex Circuitry
Authors: Yarur H E , Zegers J , Vega-Quiroga I , Novoa J , Ciruela F , Andres M E , Gysling K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Basolateral amygdala (BLA) excitatory projections to medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) play a key role controlling stress behavior, pain, and fear. Indeed, stressful events block synaptic plasticity at the BLA-PFC circuit. The stress responses involve the action of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) through type 1 and type 2 CRF receptors (CRF1 and CRF2). Interestingly, it has been described that dopamine receptor 1 (D1R) and CRF peptide have a modulatory role of BLA-PFC transmission. However, the participation of CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in BLA-PFC synaptic transmission still is unclear.

Methods
We used in vivo microdialysis to determine dopamine and glutamate (GLU) extracellular levels in PFC after BLA stimulation. Immunofluorescence anatomical studies in rat PFC synaptosomes devoid of postsynaptic elements were performed to determine the presence of D1R and CRF2 receptors in synaptical nerve endings.

Results
Here, we provide direct evidence of the opposite role that CRF receptors exert over dopamine extracellular levels in the PFC. We also show that D1R colocalizes with CRF2 receptors in PFC nerve terminals. Intra-PFC infusion of antisauvagine-30, a CRF2 receptor antagonist, increased PFC GLU extracellular levels induced by BLA activation. Interestingly, the increase in GLU release observed in the presence of antisauvagine-30 was significantly reduced by incubation with SCH23390, a D1R antagonist.

Conclusion
PFC CRF2 receptor unmasks D1R effect over glutamatergic transmission of the BLA-PFC circuit. Overall, CRF2 receptor emerges as a new modulator of BLA to PFC glutamatergic transmission, thus playing a potential role in emotional disorders.
Covid-19 and the Failure of Labour Law: Part 1
Authors: Ewing K D , Hendy Lord 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this article, we consider how Covid-19 revealed the extent to which, in Britain, the core functions of labour law have been compromised by successive governments stretching back to the 1980s and how workers collectively have been failed as a result by a discipline intended ostensibly in their interests. We seek to measure these deficits against a set of core normative principles rooted in ILO standards which we believe underpin labour law as a discipline of worker protection. We look first at the exploitation of critical workers; second at the failure generally to make adequate provision for income security; and third at issues relating to health and safety at work. Our consideration of these issues addresses both the substantive law and the means for its enforcement. Having considered the systemic failures and lack of resilience of British labour law in this article, we intend to return to the theme in Part II at a later date to address the lessons learned and the overhaul which the pandemic has revealed to be necessary.
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DTP) Vaccine Is Associated With Increased female-Male Mortality. Studies of DTP administered before and after measles vaccine
Authors: Hanifi Syed Manzoor Ahmed , Fisker Ane Bærent , Welaga Paul , Rieckmann Andreas , Jensen Aksel Georg , Benn Christine Stabell , Aaby Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe third dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3) is used to monitor immunization programs. DTP has been associated with higher female mortality.MethodsWe updated previous literature searches for DTP studies of mortality by sex. We examined the female/male (F/M) mortality rate ratio (MRR) with increasing number of doses of DTP and for subsequent doses of measles vaccine (MV) after DTP and of DTP after MV.ResultsEight studies had information on both DTP1 and DTP3. The F/M MRR was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], .88–1.57) after DTP1 and increased to 1.66 (95% CI, 1.32–2.09) after DTP3. Following receipt of MV, the F/M MRR declined to 0.63 (95% CI, .42–.96). In 11 studies the F/M MRR increased to 1.73 (95% CI, 1.33–2.27) when DTP-containing vaccine was administered after MV.ConclusionsF/M MRR increased with increasing doses of DTP. After MV, girls had lower mortality than boys. With DTP after MV, mortality increased again for girls relative to boys. No bias can explain these changes in F/M MRR. DTP does not improve male survival substantially in situations with herd immunity to pertussis and higher F/M MRR after DTP may therefore reflects an absolute increase in female mortality.
Addressing bias in prediction models by improving subpopulation calibration
Authors: Barda Noam , Yona Gal , Rothblum Guy N , Greenland Philip , Leibowitz Morton , Balicer Ran , Bachmat Eitan , Dagan Noa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
To illustrate the problem of subpopulation miscalibration, to adapt an algorithm for recalibration of the predictions, and to validate its performance.

Materials and Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the calibration of predictions based on the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) and the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) in the overall population and in subpopulations defined by the intersection of age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and immigration history. We next applied the recalibration algorithm and assessed the change in calibration metrics, including calibration-in-the-large.

Results
1 021 041 patients were included in the PCE population, and 1 116 324 patients were included in the FRAX population. Baseline overall model calibration of the 2 tested models was good, but calibration in a substantial portion of the subpopulations was poor. After applying the algorithm, subpopulation calibration statistics were greatly improved, with the variance of the calibration-in-the-large values across all subpopulations reduced by 98.8% and 94.3% in the PCE and FRAX models, respectively.

Discussion
Prediction models in medicine are increasingly common. Calibration, the agreement between predicted and observed risks, is commonly poor for subpopulations that were underrepresented in the development set of the models, resulting in bias and reduced performance for these subpopulations. In this work, we empirically evaluated an adapted version of the fairness algorithm designed by Hebert-Johnson et al. (2017) and demonstrated its use in improving subpopulation miscalibration.

Conclusion
A postprocessing and model-independent fairness algorithm for recalibration of predictive models greatly decreases the bias of subpopulation miscalibration and thus increases fairness and equality.
Virtual care expansion in the Veterans Health Administration during the COVID-19 pandemic: clinical services and patient characteristics associated with utilization
Authors: Ferguson Jacqueline M , Jacobs Josephine , Yefimova Maria , Greene Liberty , Heyworth Leonie , Zulman Donna M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the shift from in-person to virtual care within Veterans Affairs (VA) during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify at-risk patient populations who require greater resources to overcome access barriers to virtual care.

Materials and Methods
Outpatient encounters (N = 42 916 349) were categorized by care type (eg, primary, mental health, etc) and delivery method (eg, in-person, video). For 5 400 878 Veterans, we used generalized linear models to identify patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with: 1) use of virtual (phone or video) care versus no virtual care and 2) use of video care versus no video care between March 11, 2020 and June 6, 2020.

Results
By June, 58% of VA care was provided virtually compared to only 14% prior. Patients with lower income, higher disability, and more chronic conditions were more likely to receive virtual care during the pandemic. Yet, Veterans aged 45–64 and 65+ were less likely to use video care compared to those aged 18–44 (aRR 0.80 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79, 0.82] and 0.50 [95% CI 0.48, 0.52], respectively). Rural and homeless Veterans were 12% and 11% less likely to use video care compared to urban (0.88 [95% CI 0.86, 0.90]) and nonhomeless Veterans (0.89 [95% CI 0.86, 0.92]).

Discussion
Veterans with high clinical or social need had higher likelihood of virtual service use early in the COVID-19 pandemic; however, older, homeless, and rural Veterans were less likely to have video visits, raising concerns for access barriers.

Conclusions and Relevance
While virtual care may expand access, access barriers must be addressed to avoid exacerbating disparities.
Burns by Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation
Authors: Alcocer Giovanni , Alcocer Priscilla , Marquez Carlos 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article consists of the study and investigative analysis of the effects of burns by radiation in humans. Cases of nuclear accidents, such as Chernobyl (ionizing radiation) and the effects of nonionizing radiation, such as infrared and microwave radiation are detailed here. It is examined cases of injuries and burns by ionizing radiation due to irradiation (diagnostic equipment and medical treatment: x-rays, radiotherapy) or contamination (nuclear accidents, wars). Injuries and burns are also caused by nonionizing radiation, such as visible light (laser), ultraviolet, and radiofrequency. Ionizing radiation, including x-rays, gamma rays, and high-energy ultraviolet rays, can cause significant biological damage to tissues, primarily targeting DNA. This damage can result in mutations within the genetic code and may lead to the development of cancer. In addition, damage to other tissues and organs can occur, as well as burns, erythema, and lesions. The biological effects of nonionizing radiation are currently under investigation. Burns, erythema, and lesions can also occur due to the following types of radiation: low-energy ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwave, radiofrequency, and electromagnetic fields. The purpose of this article is to provide an exhaustive analysis of all types of both ionizing and nonionizing radiation and their effects on living beings. Finally, it is important to follow all safety and radiation protection measures against both ionizing and nonionizing radiation.
The Importance of Clear and Careful Thinking in Clinical Ethics
Authors: Parker J Clint 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClear and careful thinking is an indispensable aid in the pursuit of answers to the difficult ethical question faced by clinicians, patients, and families. In this issue of The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy devoted to issues in clinical ethics, the authors engage in this enterprise by reflecting on morally good medical decision making, conscientious objection, presumed consent in organ donation, the permissibility of surrogate decision making, and the failure of legislative limits on the scope of euthanasia in Belgium.
Molecular Features and Functional Implications of Germline Variants in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Ma Ding , Chen Si-Yu , Ren Jin-Xiao , Pei Yu-Chen , Jiang Cong-Wei , Zhao Shen , Xiao Yi , Xu Xiao-En , Liu Guang-Yu , Hu Xin , Liang Xiao-Zhen , Yu Ke-Da , Li Da-Qiang , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The germline variant spectrum of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is different from that of other subtypes and has demonstrated ethnic differences. However, the germline variants of TNBC among Chinese patients and its clinical significance remain unclear.

Methods
Using our multi-omics TNBC cohort (n = 325), we determined the spectrum of germline variants in TNBC and aimed to illustrate their biological and clinical implications.

Results
Overall, 16.0% (52 of 325) of TNBC patients harbored at least 1 pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variant. These germline variants were associated with early onset of TNBC, the occurrence of contralateral breast cancer, the basal-like immune-suppressed mRNA subtype, and the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) mutation subtype. Somatic allele-specific imbalance was observed in 54.1% of these germline variants, which was correlated with early onset of breast cancer and elevated HRD. The genes BRCA1 (7.4%), RAD51D (2.8%), and BRCA2 (2.2%) were those most frequently mutated. The RAD51D germline variants, especially K91fs, were enriched in Chinese patients with TNBC compared with Caucasian and African American patients. The Chinese-specific RAD51D germline variants were functionally associated with the instability of the RAD51D protein, HRD, and sensitivity to PARP inhibitors.

Conclusions
Chinese TNBC patients have a distinct spectrum of germline variants, with a remarkable impact on the clinical and molecular characteristics of the tumor. Integrative germline-somatic analysis may help identify TNBC patients who are most likely to be affected by their germline variants and in performing clinical interventions more precisely. The RAD51D variants enriched in our cohort may serve as therapeutic targets and guide precision treatment of TNBC.
Genetic insights into natural variation underlying salt tolerance in wheat
Authors: Li Long , Peng Zhi , Mao Xinguo , Wang Jingyi , Li Chaonan , Chang Xiaoping , Jing Ruilian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeveloping salt-tolerant crop varieties is one of the important approaches to cope with increasing soil salinization worldwide. In this study, a diversity panel of 323 wheat accessions and 150 doubled haploid lines were phenotyped for salt-responsive morphological and physiological traits across two growth stages. The comprehensive salt tolerance of each wheat accession was evaluated based on principal component analysis. A total of 269 associated loci for salt-responsive traits and/or salt tolerance indices were identified by genome-wide association studies using 395 675 single nucleotide polymorphisms, among which 22 overlapping loci were simultaneously identified by biparental quantitative trait loci mapping. Two novel candidate genes ROOT NUMBER 1 (TaRN1) and ROOT NUMBER 2 (TaRN2) involved in root responses to salt stress fell within overlapping loci, showing different expression patterns and a frameshift mutation (in TaRN2) in contrasting salt-tolerant wheat genotypes. Moreover, the decline in salt tolerance of Chinese wheat varieties was observed from genetic and phenotypic data. We demonstrate that a haplotype controlling root responses to salt stress has been diminished by strong selection for grain yield, which highlights that linkage drag constrains the salt tolerance of Chinese wheat. This study will facilitate salt-tolerant wheat breeding in terms of elite germplasm, favorable alleles and selection strategies.
Contrasting dynamics in abscisic acid metabolism in differentFragariaspp. during fruit ripening and identification of the enzymes involved
Authors: Figueroa Nicolás E , Hoffmann Thomas , Olbricht Klaus , Abrams Suzanne R , Schwab Wilfried 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone in non-climacteric Fragaria spp, regulating multiple physiological processes throughout fruit ripening. Its concentration increases during ripening, and it promotes fruit (receptacle) development. However, its metabolism in the fruit is largely unknown. We analyzed the concentrations of ABA and its catabolites at different developmental stages of strawberry ripening in diploid and octoploid genotypes and identified two functional ABA-glucosyltransferases (FvUGT71A49 and FvUGT73AC3) and two regiospecific ABA-8'-hydroxylases (FaCYP707A4a and FaCYP707A1/3). ABA-glucose ester content increased during ripening in diploid F. vesca varieties but decreased in octoploid F.×ananassa. Dihydrophaseic acid content increased throughout ripening in all analyzed receptacles, while 7'-hydroxy-ABA and neo-phaseic acid did not show significant changes during ripening. In the studied F. vesca varieties, the receptacle seems to be the main tissue for ABA metabolism, as the concentration of ABA and its metabolites in the receptacle was generally 100 times higher than in achenes. The accumulation patterns of ABA catabolites and transcriptomic data from the literature show that all strawberry fruits produce and metabolize considerable amounts of the plant hormone ABA during ripening, which is therefore a conserved process, but also illustrate the diversity of this metabolic pathway which is species, variety, and tissue dependent.
A genome-wide association study reveals that the glucosyltransferase OsIAGLU regulates root growth in rice
Authors: Zhao Jia , Yang Bin , Li Wenjun , Sun Shan , Peng Liling , Feng Defeng , Li Li , Di Hong , He Yongqi , Wang Zhoufei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Good root growth in the early post-germination stages is an important trait for direct seeding in rice, but its genetic control is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the genetic architecture of variation in primary root length using a diverse panel of 178 accessions. Four QTLs for root length (qRL3, qRL6, qRL7, and qRL11) were identified using genome-wide association studies. One candidate gene was validated for the major QTL qRL11, namely the glucosyltransferase OsIAGLU. Disruption of this gene in Osiaglu mutants reduced the primary root length and the numbers of lateral and crown roots. The natural allelic variations of OsIAGLU contributing to root growth were identified. Functional analysis revealed that OsIAGLU regulates root growth mainly via modulating multiple hormones in the roots, including levels of auxin, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and cytokinin. OsIAGLU also influences the expression of multiple hormone-related genes associated with root growth. The regulation of root growth through multiple hormone pathways by OsIAGLU makes it a potential target for future rice breeding for crop improvement.
GASP XXIX – unwinding the arms of spiral galaxies via ram-pressure stripping
Authors: Bellhouse Callum , McGee Sean L , Smith Rory , Poggianti Bianca M , Jaffé Yara L , Kraljic Katarina , Franchetto Andrea , Fritz Jacopo , Vulcani Benedetta , Tonnesen Stephanie , Roediger Elke , Moretti Alessia , Gullieuszik Marco , Shin Jihye 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the first study of the effect of ram pressure ‘unwinding’ the spiral arms of cluster galaxies. We study 11 ram-pressure stripped galaxies from GASP (GAs Stripping Phenomena in galaxies) in which, in addition to more commonly observed ‘jellyfish’ features, dislodged material also appears to retain the original structure of the spiral arms. Gravitational influence from neighbours is ruled out and we compare the sample with a control group of undisturbed spiral galaxies and simulated stripped galaxies. We first confirm the unwinding nature, finding that the spiral arm pitch angle increases radially in 10 stripped galaxies and also simulated face-on and edge-on stripped galaxies. We find only younger stars in the unwound component, while older stars in the disc remain undisturbed. We compare the morphology and kinematics with simulated ram-pressure stripping galaxies, taking into account the estimated inclination with respect to the intracluster medium (ICM) and find that in edge-on stripping, unwinding can occur due to differential ram pressure caused by the disc rotation, causing stripped material to slow and ‘pile up’. In face-on cases, gas removed from the outer edges falls to higher orbits, appearing to ‘unwind’. The pattern is fairly short-lived (&lt;0.5 Gyr) in the stripping process, occurring during first infall and eventually washed out by the ICM wind into the tail of the jellyfish galaxy. By comparing simulations with the observed sample, we find that a combination of face-on and edge-on ‘unwinding’ effects is likely to be occurring in our galaxies as they experience stripping with different inclinations with respect to the ICM.