bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The level of accordance between preoperative and postoperative diagnosis in patients undergoing adrenalectomy – a study of 230 consecutive cases
Authors: Aporowicz Michał , Domosławski Paweł , Kaliszewski Krzysztof , Sutkowski Krzysztof , Kubicka Eliza , Bolanowski Marek 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionPatients are qualified for an adrenalectomy due to endocrine or oncologic reasons. Final histopathological diagnoses include a wide spectrum of more than a dozen entities. The aim of this study was to compare preoperative and postoperative diagnoses of patients undergoing adrenalectomy to determine the level of diagnostic accuracy, as well as sex and age of patients.Material and methodsA group of 214 patients (230 specimens in total) operated on in a single center was studied and their demographic and pathological data were investigated.ResultsThe majority of diagnoses were characterized by both high positive predictive value and sensitivity, excluding pheochromocytoma (60.0% and 67.7%, respectively) and adrenal cyst (100% and 37.5%, respectively). Patients operated on due to Cushing’s syndrome were statistically significantly more often females (p = 0.009), while those with metastases (diagnosed both pre- and postoperatively) were more often males (both p = 0.001). Patients qualified due to non-functioning tumors were older than those with Cushing’s or Conn’s syndrome (p = 0.044 and p = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionsThe lowest diagnostic accuracy is observed in cases of pheochromocytoma and adrenal cyst. Meticulous preparation of the patient for hormonal tests, including discontinuation of certain medications, is essential for obtaining accurate results. The diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome is more prevalent in females, while metastasis syndrome is more prevalent in males. Adrenocortical carcinoma may initially be diagnosed as a non-functioning tumor (1.6% of such cases) or a recurrence of a previously resected tumor, which should always raise a suspicion of a malignant neoplasm.
Effect of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio on survival in septic patients: an observational cohort study
Authors: Hu Xiang , Qin Xiaoyi , Gu Xiaolong , Wang Hailong , Zhou Wei 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential relationship of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) with outcomes of septic patients at intensive care unit (ICU) admission.Material and methods3087 septic patients were included in the final cohort by using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) database. We evaluated the association of different groups of LMR<sub>max</sub> with 28-day survival and 1-year survival via Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis and Cox regression analysis. Subgroups analysis of LMR<sub>max</sub> was performed to further explore the effect of LMR<sub>max</sub> on survival.ResultsAccording to the optimal cut-off value, the cohort was divided into low-LMR<sub>max</sub> and high-LMR<sub>max</sub> groups. The 28-day and 1-year survival rates were 47.9% and 19.9%, respectively, in the low-LMR<sub>max</sub> group, and 60.4% and 25.9%, respectively, in the high-LMR<sub>max</sub> group. Univariate logistic regression and K-M analyses revealed that the 28-day and 1-year survival rates of the high-LMR<sub>max</sub> group were higher than those of the low-LMR<sub>max</sub> group (both p < 0.001). A subgroup analysis of LMR<sub>max</sub> identified a significant stepwise decrease in the risk of death at 28 days and 1 year from group 1 to group 4 (LMR<sub>max</sub> increased gradually) after adjustment for multiple variables.ConclusionsWe report for the first time that a lower LMR<sub>max</sub> value is independently predictive of a poor prognosis in septic patients. Therefore, as an inexpensive and readily available indicator, LMR<sub>max</sub> may facilitate stratification of prognosis in septic patients.
Constraining the accuracy of flux estimates using OTM 33A
Authors: Edie Rachel , Robertson Anna M. , Field Robert A. , Soltis Jeffrey , Snare Dustin A. , Zimmerle Daniel , Bell Clay S. , Vaughn Timothy L. , Murphy Shane M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Other Test Method 33A (OTM 33A) is a near-source flux measurement method
developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) primarily used to
locate and estimate emission fluxes of methane from oil and gas (O&amp;G)
production facilities without requiring site access. A recent national
estimate of methane emissions from O&amp;G production included a large number of
flux measurements of upstream O&amp;G facilities made using OTM 33A and
concluded the EPA National Emission Inventory underestimates this sector by a
factor of ∼2.1 (Alvarez et al., 2018). The study presented here
investigates the accuracy of OTM 33A through a series of test releases
performed at the Methane Emissions Technology Evaluation Center (METEC), a
facility designed to allow quantified amounts of natural gas to be released
from decommissioned O&amp;G equipment to simulate emissions from real facilities
(Fig. 1). This study includes test releases from single and
multiple points, from equipment locations at different heights, and spanned
methane release rates ranging from 0.16 to 2.15  kg h−1. Approximately
95 % of individual measurements (N=45) fell within ±70 % of
the known release rate. A simple linear regression of OTM 33A versus known
release rates at the METEC site gives an average slope of 0.96 with 95 %
CI (0.66,1.28), suggesting that an ensemble of OTM 33A measurements may
have a small but statistically insignificant low bias.
Vapor Transport and Deposition of Cu-Sn-Co-Ag Alloys in Vesicles in Mafic Volcanic Rocks
Authors: Hunter Elizabeth A.O. , Hunter Jacob R. , Zajacz Zoltan , Keith Jeffrey D. , Hann Nichelle L. , Christiansen Eric H. , Dorais Michael J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMetallic sublimates coated by sulfides and chlorides line the vesicle walls of mafic volcanic lava and bombs from Kīlauea, Vesuvius, Etna, and Stromboli. The metallic sublimates were morphologically and compositionally similar among the volcanoes. The highest concentrations of S and Cl occurred on the surface of the sublimates, while internally they had less than 1 wt % S and Cl in most cases, leading us to classify them as alloys. The major components of the alloys were Cu, Sn, Co, and Ag based on electron microprobe analyses and environmental scanning electron microscope element maps. Alloy element maps showed a covariance of Cu-Sn, while Co and Ag concentrations varied independently. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis of matrix glass and melt inclusions in bombs from Stromboli showed appreciable amounts of Cu, Co, and Sn. We propose a model for the origin of the metallic grains, which involves syneruptive and posteruptive magma degassing and subsequent cooling of the basalt vesicles. During syneruptive vapor phase exsolution, volatile metals (Cu, Co, and Sn) partition into the vapor along with their ligands, S and Cl. The apparent oxygen fugacity (fO2) in these vapor bubbles is low because of the relative enrichment of the exsolved gas phase in H2 relative to H2O in silicate melts, due to the much higher diffusivity of the former in silicate melts. The high fH2 and low fO2 induces the precipitation of metal alloys from the vapor phase. Subsequently, the reducing environment in the vesicle dissipates as the cooling vapor oxidizes and as H2 diffuses away. Then, metal-rich sulfides (and chlorides) condense onto the outer surfaces of the metal alloy grains either due to a decrease in temperature or an increase in fO2. These alloys provide important insights into the partitioning of metals into a magmatic volatile phase at low pressure and high temperature.
2019/40 Provisions on minimum salary based on work experience constitute age discrimination, even if they are not relevant (BE)
Authors: Busschaert Gautier 
Published: January 2020

2019/40 Provisions on minimum salary based on work experience constitute age discrimination, even if they are not relevant (BE)
Relying on the prohibition of age discrimination stemming from Directive 2000/78, the Labour Tribunal of Leuven refused to apply a Collective Labour Agreement establishing the minimum monthly salary for employees depending on their work experience even if not relevant and the Royal Decree enforcing it. The jurisdiction grounded its decision on the fact that this gave a strong advantage to older employees without objective justification.
2019/51 Stand-by time from home is paid working time (RO)
Authors: Suciu Andreea , Ion Gabriela 
Published: January 2020

2019/51 Stand-by time from home is paid working time (RO)
Stand-by time from home represents working time of medical personnel even for the periods when no medical activity was actually performed (no attendance at the hospital was required), the salary rights for such period being determined as a percentage of the hourly rate for the basic salary and the number of hours when stand-by time from home was performed.
Protein expression profile changes of lung tissue in patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Wu Min , Wu Yijin , Huang Jinsong , Wu Yueheng , Wu Hongmei , Jiang Benyuan , Zhuang Jian 
Published: January 2020

Background
Pulmonary hypertension occurs in approximately 1% of the global population, and the prognosis for such patients may be poor. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of this disease remain unclear. Thus, understanding the development of pulmonary hypertension and finding new therapeutic targets and approaches are important for improved clinical outcomes.

Methods
Lung tissue specimens were collected from six patients with atrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension (all women, with a mean age of 46.5 ± 4.7 years, and their condition could not be corrected with an internal medical occlusion device) and from nine control patients with lung cancer who underwent lobectomy (six men and three women, with a mean age of 56.7 ± 1.7 years). Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analyses were used to detect protein expression levels.

Results
We found 74 significantly upregulated and 88 significantly downregulated differentially expressed proteins between control and pulmonary hypertensive lung tissue specimens. Gene ontology analyses identified the top 20 terms in all three categories, that is, biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and protein–protein interaction analyses determined the top 10 signaling pathways and found that the six hub proteins associated with the differentially expressed upregulated proteins (PRKAA1, DHPR, ACTB, desmin, ACTG1, and ITGA1) were all involved in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and dilated cardiomyopathy.

Conclusion
Our results identified protein expression profile changes in lung tissue derived from patients with pulmonary hypertension, providing potential new biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and prognosis for patients with pulmonary hypertension and offering candidate protein targets for future therapeutic drug development.
Efficacy of Matricaria chamomilla L. in Infantile Colic: A Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial
Authors: Mohamadi Sorme Fatemeh , Tabarra Malihe , Alimadady Hosein , Rahimi Roja , Sepidarkish Mahdi , Karimi Mehrdad 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Infantile colic is one of the most common problems in neonatal and early infancy, the prevalence of which has been reported as 10-20%. The present clinical trial was conducted to investigate whether topical use of chamomile oil reduces crying and fussing in breastfed colicky infants.
Methods: A total of 102 breastfed colicky infants were divided into two groups to receive topical chamomile or placebo oil 6 times a day for 7 days. Both groups also received 5 mg of Simethicone syrup 4 times a day. Parents reported on crying and fussing duration, exertion times and side effects using a questionnaire.
Results: 90 babies could complete the trial including 47 patients in chamomile group and 43 patients in the placebo group. Babies in both groups were the same in terms of gestational age, birth weight, birth order, gender, delivery type, crying and fussing on the day before the treatment. At the end of the study, crying and fussing was found to be lower in chamomile group than the placebo group (p <0.001). Also, 39 and 27 patients responded to the treatment in chamomile and placebo groups respectively. The effect of chamomile oil on crying (p<0.01) and fussing (p< 0.001) was significant. No serious adverse event was reported.
Conclusion: Results revealed that chamomile oil reduced symptoms in breastfed colicky infants compared to the infants in the placebo group. This suggests that topical use of chamomile oil may be effective in the treatment of colic.
To know where the bodies are buried: The use of the cognitive interview in an environmental scale spatial memory retrieval task
Authors: Ryan Nathan , Westera Nina , Kebbell Mark , Milne Rebecca , Harrison Mark 
Published: January 2020

SummaryMissing body homicide cases have gained public interest globally due to some high‐profile cases. In many of these cases, the task of locating the victim's remains relies on the information investigators can gain through the interviewing of willing suspects. To date, investigative interviewing research has largely focused on the retrieval of episodic memory (events) without focusing on spatial memory, a prominent cognitive task required in locating a victim's remains. The current experiment tests the enhanced cognitive interview (ECI) against a free recall strategy in a mock homicide scenario where participants are required to hide and retrieve an object in a natural bushland setting. The results showed that those in the ECI condition produced more coarse‐ and fine‐grained details of landmarks and their actions at and journeying to the deposition site. This demonstrates the value of using the ECI in generating more valuable information to assist in successive search attempts.
An Ion‐Crosslinked Supramolecular Hydrogel for Ultrahigh and Fast Uranium Recovery from Seawater
Authors: Yan Bingjie , Ma Chunxin , Gao Jinxiang , Yuan Yihui , Wang Ning 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLarge‐scale uranium extraction from seawater is a crucial but challenging part of nuclear power generation. In this study, a new ion‐crosslinked supramolecular Zn2+–poly(amidoxime) (PAO) hydrogel that can super‐efficiently adsorb uranium from seawater is explored. By simply mixing two solutions of zinc chloride and PAO, a supramolecular Zn2+–PAO hydrogel is achieved via the interaction between zinc cations and amidoxime anions. In contrast with existing amidoxime‐functionalized hydrogel‐based adsorbents having low PAO contents and fiber‐based adsorbents with weak hydrophilicity, the PAOs can be directly crosslinked using a small quantity of superhydrophilic zinc ion. Thus, a supramolecular hydrogel is formed, having both a high content of well‐dispersed PAOs and good hydrophilicity. Relative to reported adsorbents, this low‐cost hydrogel membrane exhibits outstanding uranium adsorption performance, reaching 1188 mg g-1 of MU/Mdry gel in 32 ppm uranium‐spiked water. More importantly, after immersion in natural seawater for only 4 weeks, the uranium extraction capacity of the Zn2+–PAO hydrogel membrane reaches 9.23 mg g-1 of MU/Mdry gel. This work can provide a general strategy for designing a new type of supramolecular hydrogel, crosslinked by various bivalent/multivalent cation‐crosslinkers and even many other superhydrophilic supramolecular crosslinkers, for the high‐efficient and massive extraction of uranium from seawater.
Interface Engineering of Air‐Stable n‐Doping Fullerene‐Modified TiO2 Electron Transport Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Bingjie , Yang Jianming , Lu Linyang , Xiao Wei , Wu Haiyan , Xiong Shaobing , Tang Jianxin , Duan Chungang , Bao Qinye 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs one common electron transport material for planar n‐i‐p perovskite solar cell, titanium dioxide (TiO2) compact layer has several challenging issues, such as surface hydroxyl groups, high defect density, and unmatched energy levels, causing severe energy loss and poor stability at contact. To solve these problems, the authors introduce a thin [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) interlayer doped with an air stable n‐type dopant, 3‐dimethyl‐2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzoimidazole (DMBI) to modify the TiO2 surface. The state‐of‐the‐art characterizations demonstrate such modification significantly improves charge transfer at MAPbI3/TiO2 interface together with smaller energy level offset, leading to suppressed charge recombination. High‐quality perovskite film with larger crystal grain size grows on the n‐doped PCBM/TiO2 attributed to the better surface affinity. As a result, the average power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cell exhibits a prominent improvement from 17.46% to 20.14%, with an enhancement in all device photovoltaic parameters. In addition, the stability of the device with n‐doped PCBM/TiO2 is much better than that of the control device with the bare TiO2 due to hydrophobicity nature of PCBM and low defect densities in the perovskite film and at the interface. This work indicates that many further device performance improvements should be conceivable by focusing on the perovskite interface.
Giant Photo‐Induced Current Enhancement in a Core–Shell‐Type Quantum‐Dot Thin Film
Authors: Shimizu Sunao , Matsuki Keiichiro , Miwa Kazumoto , Braga Daniele , Ono Shimpei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhotodetectors are key elements in diverse applications such as high‐speed information processing and ultraviolet (UV) ray skin sensors. Low‐dimensional semiconductors, such as quantum dots (QDs) and their hybrid systems, are promising candidates for high‐efficiency and innovative photodetectors, thanks to their unique optoelectronic characteristics and the high tunability of their physical and chemical properties through material design. It is shown that when CdSe/CdS core–shell QDs are employed in field‐effect transistors (FETs), a sensitive photodetection can be obtained by using a solution‐based approach. The transfer characteristics are dramatically changed by UV light irradiation, showing a light‐induced switching between the on/off states of the FET. Surprisingly, the ratio between the photocurrent and the dark current is larger than 105; this is the highest record of gate‐tunable current enhancement obtained using a FET. It is speculated that this remarkable result is related to the fact that the combination of the CdSe core and the CdS shell forms type‐I band alignment, which effectively confines carriers to the core of the nanocrystal under dark conditions. The prominent optoelectronic effect in QD thin‐film FETs indicates the high potential of nanostructured materials towards multi‐functionalization.
Influence of Polymer Aggregation and Liquid Immiscibility on Morphology Tuning by Varying Composition in PffBT4T‐2DT/Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Hamid Zeinab , Wadsworth Andrew , Rezasoltani Elham , Holliday Sarah , Azzouzi Mohammed , Neophytou Marios , Guilbert Anne A. Y. , Dong Yifan , Little Mark S. , Mukherjee Subhrangsu , Herzing Andrew A. , Bristow Helen , Kline R. Joseph , DeLongchamp Dean M. , Bakulin Artem A. , Durrant James R. , Nelson Jenny , McCulloch Iain 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe temperature‐dependent aggregation behavior of PffBT4T polymers used in organic solar cells plays a critical role in the formation of a favorable morphology in fullerene‐based devices. However, there is little investigation into the impact of donor/acceptor ratio on morphology tuning, especially for nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs). Herein, the influence of composition on morphology is reported for blends of PffBT4T‐2DT with two NFAs, O‐IDTBR and O‐IDFBR. The monotectic phase behavior inferred from differential scanning calorimetry provides qualitative insight into the interplay between solid–liquid and liquid–liquid demixing. Transient absorption spectroscopy suggests that geminate recombination dominates charge decay and that the decay rate is insensitive to composition, corroborated by negligible changes in open‐circuit voltage. Exciton lifetimes are also insensitive to composition, which is attributed to the signal being dominated by acceptor excitons which are formed and decay in domains of similar size and purity irrespective of composition. A hierarchical morphology is observed, where the composition dependence of size scales and scattering intensity from resonant soft X‐ray scattering (R‐SoXS) is dominated by variations in volume fractions of polymer/polymer‐rich domains. Results suggest an optimal morphology where polymer crystallite size and connectivity are balanced, ensuring a high probability of hole extraction via such domains.
Superior Multifunctional Activity of Nanoporous Carbons with Widely Tunable Porosity: Enhanced Storage Capacities for Carbon‐Dioxide, Hydrogen, Water, and Electric Charge
Authors: Gadipelli Srinivas , Howard Christopher A. , Guo Jian , Skipper Neal T. , Zhang Hong , Shearing Paul R. , Brett Dan J. L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNanoporous carbons (NPCs) with engineered specific pore sizes and sufficiently high porosities (both specific surface area and pore volume) are necessary for storing energy in the form of electric charges and molecules. Herein, NPCs, derived from biomass pine‐cones, coffee‐grounds, graphene‐oxide and metal‐organic frameworks, with systematically increased pore width (<1.0 nm to a few nm), micropore volume (0.2–0.9 cm3 g−1) and specific surface area (800–2800 m2 g−1) are presented. Superior CO2, H2, and H2O uptakes of 35.0 wt% (≈7.9 mmol g−1 at 273 K), 3.0 wt% (at 77 K) and 85.0 wt% (at 298 K), respectively at 1 bar, are achieved. At controlled microporosity, supercapacitors deliver impressive performance with a capacity of 320 and 230 F g−1 at 500 mA g−1, in aqueous and organic electrolytes, respectively. Excellent areal capacitance and energy density (>50 Wh kg−1 at high power density, 1000 W kg−1) are achieved to form the highest reported values among the range of carbons in the literature. The noteworthy energy storage performance of the NPCs for all five cases (CO2, H2, H2O, and capacitance in aqueous and organic electrolytes) is highlighted by direct comparison to numerous existing porous solids. A further analysis on the specific pore type governed physisorption capacities is presented.