bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homeostasis and non‐linear shift in the stoichiometry of P‐limited planktonic communities
Authors: Giménez‐Grau Pau , Felip Marisol , Zufiaurre Aitziber , Pla‐Rabès Sergi , Camarero Lluís , Catalan Jordi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlanktonic communities are naturally subjected to episodic nutrient enrichments that may stress or redress the imbalances in limiting nutrients. Human‐enhanced atmospheric nitrogen deposition has caused profound N:P imbalance in many remote oligotrophic lakes in which phosphorus has largely become limiting. These lakes offer an opportunity to investigate the relationship between the changes in plankton stoichiometry, productivity, and community structure occurring during nutrient fluctuations in P‐limited conditions. We performed P () and N ( or ) pulse additions to the summer epilimnetic community of an ultraoligotrophic lake using self‐filling ~100‐L enclosures and analyzed the response to varying P availability, N:P imbalance, and N source. Seston C:N:P proportions remained fairly unchanged to P additions that were within the range of values seasonally found in the lake. However, the seston N:P ratio abruptly shifted and approached Redfield’s proportions at P additions typical of mesotrophic conditions that provided non‐limiting conditions. N surplus did not affect seston C:N:P proportions. The patterns of seston N:P stability and shift were similar for both N sources. In contrast, productivity was highly sensitive to low and medium P additions and decelerated at high P additions. Phytoplankton biomass dominated particulate organic matter. The autotrophic community differentiated almost linearly across the P gradient. Chrysophytes' dominance decreased, and diatoms and cryptophytes relative abundance increased. Nonetheless, the stoichiometry stability and non‐linear shift involved large biomass proportions of the same species, which indicates that the bulk stoichiometry was related to similar physiological behavior of phylogenetically diverse organisms according to the biogeochemical context. The C:N:P seston stability in P‐limited conditions—with loose coupling with productivity, nutrient supply ratios, and species dominance—and the sudden shift to Redfield proportions in P‐repleted conditions suggest a complex regulation of P scarcity in planktonic communities that goes beyond immediate acclimation growth responses and might include alternative physiological and biogeochemical states.
Soil dynamics in forest restoration: a data set for temperate and tropical regions
Authors: Allek Adriana , Crouzeilles Renato 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRestoring forest ecosystems has become a global priority. Yet, soil dynamics are still poorly assessed among restoration studies and there is a lack of knowledge on how soil is affected by forest restoration process. Here, we compile information on soil dynamics in forest restoration based on soil physical, chemical, and biological attributes in temperate and tropical forest regions. It encompasses 50 scientific papers across 17 different countries and contains 1,469 points of quantitative information of soil attributes between reference (e.g., old‐growth forest) and restored ecosystems (e.g., forests in their initial or secondary stage of succession) within the same study. To be selected, studies had to be conducted in forest ecosystems, to include multiple sampling sites (replicates) in both restored and reference ecosystems, and to encompass quantitative data of soil attributes for both reference and restored ecosystems. We recorded in each study the following information: (1) study year, (2) country, (3) forest region (tropical or temperate), (4) latitude, (5) longitude, (6) soil class, (7) past disturbance, (8) restoration strategy (active or passive), (9) restoration age, (10) soil attribute type (physical, chemical, or biological); (11) soil attribute, (12) soil attribute unit, (13) soil sampling (procedures), (14) date of sampling, (15) soil depth sampled, (16) soil analysis, (17) quantitative values of soil attributes for both restored and reference ecosystems, (18) type of variation (standard error of deviation) for both restored and reference ecosystems, and (19) quantitative values of the variation for both restored and reference ecosystems. These were the most common data available in the selected studies. This extensive database on the extent soil physical, chemical, and biological attributes differ between reference and restored ecosystems can fill part of the existing gap on both soil science and forest restoration in terms of (1) which are the critical soil attributes to be monitored during forest restoration? and (2) how do environmental factors affect soil attributes in forest restoration? The data will be made available to the scientific community for further analyses on both soil science and forest restoration. Soil information gaps during the forest restoration process and their general patterns can be addressed using this data set. There are no copyright or proprietary restrictions.
Interspecific competition between resident and wintering birds: experimental evidence and consequences of coexistence
Authors: Powell Luke L. , Ames Elizabeth M. , Wright James R. , Matthiopoulos Jason , Marra Peter P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe contribution of interspecific competition to structuring population and community dynamics remains controversial and poorly tested. Interspecific competition has long been thought to influence the structure of migrant–resident bird communities in winter, yet experimental evidence remains elusive. The arrival of billions of songbirds into Neotropical habitats, where they co‐exist with residents, provides a unique opportunity to assess interspecific competition and its consequences. Working in 15 ha of Jamaican black mangrove forest, we used removal experiments to test whether dominant resident Yellow Warblers compete interspecifically with subordinate wintering American Redstarts; we also used observational evidence (interspecific territorial overlap) to understand whether this coexistence influences physical condition, spring departure dates or annual return rates. Consistent with interspecific competition, after experimental removal of the resident, yearling male Redstarts (but not females or adult males) immediately moved into vacated Yellow Warbler territories, increasing their overlap with the space by 7.3%. Yearling Redstarts also appeared to adjust their territorial space use by actively avoiding Yellow Warblers; for example, Redstarts departing the wintering grounds as yearlings and returning the following winter shifted such that their territories overlapped 32% less with those of Yellow Warblers. Adult Redstarts showed no such territorial flexibility. Adult male Redstarts also showed evidence supporting the consequences of coexistence: territorial overlap with Yellow Warblers was negatively correlated with body condition and annual return rates. Adult male Redstarts with <25% territorial overlap with Yellow Warblers were more than three times as likely to return between seasons than those with 100% overlap. We propose that the territorial inflexibility of adult male Redstarts produces these consequences, which may be due to their years‐long investment in that particular territory. More generally, the temporary nature of migrant–resident interspecific competition is likely what allows coexistence during winter, the most resource‐poor time of year. Interspecific competition and the consequences of coexistence are likely age‐ and sex‐specific and the product of intraspecific dominance hierarchy in Redstarts. Our observations suggest that interspecific coexistence has measurable consequences, and our experiments support the long‐held, but previously untested belief that resident birds compete interspecifically with wintering migrants.
Plant diversity and litter accumulation mediate the loss of foliar endophyte fungal richness following nutrient addition
Authors: Henning Jeremiah A. , Kinkel Linda , May Georgiana , Lumibao Candice Y. , Seabloom Eric W. , Borer Elizabeth T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFoliar fungal endophytes are ubiquitous plant symbionts that can affect plant growth and reproduction via their roles in pathogen and stress tolerance, as well as plant hormonal signaling. Despite their importance, we have a limited understanding of how foliar fungal endophytes respond to varying environmental conditions such as nutrient inputs. The responses of foliar fungal endophyte communities to increased nutrient deposition may be mediated by the simultaneous effects on within‐host competition as well as the indirect impacts of altered host population size, plant productivity, and plant community diversity and composition. Here, we leveraged a 7‐yr experiment manipulating nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients to investigate how nutrient‐induced changes to plant diversity, plant productivity, and plant community composition relate to changes in foliar fungal endophyte diversity and richness in a focal native grass host, Andropogon gerardii. We found limited evidence of direct effects of nutrients on endophyte diversity. Instead, the effects of nutrients on endophyte diversity appeared to be mediated by accumulation of plant litter and plant diversity loss. Specifically, nitrogen addition is associated with a 40% decrease in plant diversity and an 11% decrease in endophyte richness. Although nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium addition increased aboveground live biomass and decreased relative Andropogon cover, endophyte diversity did not covary with live plant biomass or Andropogon cover. Our results suggest that fungal endophyte diversity within this focal host is determined in part by the diversity of the surrounding plant community and its potential impact on immigrant propagules and dispersal dynamics. Our results suggest that elemental nutrients reduce endophyte diversity indirectly via impacts on the local plant community, not direct response to nutrient addition. Thus, the effects of global change drivers, such as nutrient deposition, on characteristics of host populations and the diversity of their local communities are important for predicting the response of symbiont communities in a changing global environment.
Early initiation of sodium‐glucose linked transporter inhibitors (SGLT‐2i) and associated metabolic and electrolyte outcomes in diabetic kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Song Chelsey Chenxi , Brown Andrew , Winstead Ryan , Yakubu Idris , Demehin Moses , Kumar Dhiren , Gupta Gaurav 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is a paucity of data on the use of SGLT2 inhibitors on outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. There may be concern in initiating these agents, especially within the first year post‐transplant when renal function is more labile and immunosuppression more intense, due to a presumed high risk of urinary infections and acute kidney injury. This is a retrospective study on 50 kidney transplant recipients, half of whom were started on therapy within the first year of transplant. Over a follow‐up period of 6 months, overall patients had a statistically significant improvement in weight by −2.95 kg [SD 3.54, P = <.0001 (CI: 3.53, 1.50)] as well as hypomagnesemia 0.13 [SD 1.73, P = .0004 (CI: 0.06, 0.20)]. Overall insulin usage declined by −3.7 units [SD 22.8, P = .17]. 14% of patients had at least one urinary tract infection although this rate is not different (~20%) than that reported historically in this high‐risk population.
Application of eDNA metabarcoding in a fragmented lowland river: Spatial and methodological comparison of fish species composition
Authors: Antognazza Caterina M. , Britton Robert J. , Read Daniel S. , Goodall Tim , Mantzouratou Anna , De Santis Vanessa , Davies Peter , Aprahamian Miran , Franklin Elizabeth , Hardouin Emilie A. , Andreou Demetra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAssessments of fish communities tend to rely on capture‐based methods that, due to sampling biases, can underestimate actual species richness. Alternatively, environmental DNA (eDNA) based metabarcoding is a noncapture approach that infers species richness and distribution by collecting and sequencing DNA present in the ecosystem. Here, eDNA metabarcoding was applied to the lower River Severn, a highly modified and impounded river, to identify the species present in the fish assemblage. Using a universal primer for fish (12S mtDNA region), comparisons were made between the species identified as present by eDNA metabarcoding versus long‐term data available from fisheries monitoring data based on capture methods. Depending on the stringency of detection thresholds applied, the two methods detected between 15 and 25 fish species present in the river, with the eDNA metabarcoding detecting most species previously reported in the capture surveys, although with differences in the relative abundance of species between the methods. Notably, eDNA metabarcoding detected species of high conservation importance that were never sampled by capture techniques, including native European shads (Alosa spp.). Differences in the similarity indices of species detection were greater between the sampling methods than between sampling sites on each river. These results highlight the high potential of eDNA metabarcoding to provide an effective monitoring tool for biodiversity and conservation in rivers, but also indicate the need for complementary multi‐method sampling for robust estimates of fish species richness.
Metabolomic signatures of cardiac remodelling and heart failure risk in the community
Authors: Andersson Charlotte , Liu Chunyu , Cheng Susan , Wang Thomas J. , Gerszten Robert E. , Larson Martin G. , Vasan Ramachandran S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) is associated with several metabolic changes, but it is unknown whether distinct components of the circulating metabolome may be related to cardiac structure and function, and with incident HF in the community.Methods and resultsWe assayed 217 circulating metabolites in 2336 Framingham Study participants (mean age 55 ± 10 years, 53% women) without HF at baseline. We used linear and Cox regression to relate concentrations of metabolites to left ventricular (LV) diastolic dimension, LV wall thickness, LV ejection fraction, left atrial dimension, LV ventricular mass, and aortic root size cross‐sectionally and to incident HF prospectively. Bonferroni‐adjusted P‐values <0.05 denoted statistical significance. Circulating concentrations of kynurenine [β = −0.12 cm per standard deviation (SD) increment in normalized residual of metabolite, P = 7.3 × 10−8] and aminoadipate (−0.11 cm per SD increment, P = 2.61 × 10−5) were associated with left ventricular diastolic dimension, phosphatidylcholine (carbon:double bound = 38:6) with left atrial dimension (0.10 cm per SD increment, P = 9.7 × 10−6), and cholesterol ester (carbon:double bound = 20:5) with left atrial dimension (0.10 cm per SD increment, P = 1.4 × 10−5) in multivariable‐adjusted models. During an average follow‐up of 15.8 (range 0.02–23.2) years, 113 participants (5%) were diagnosed with HF with reduced ejection fraction and 106 individuals (5%) with HF with preserved ejection fraction. In multivariable analyses, concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (hazard ratio 0.63, P = 1.3 × 10−5) and ornithine (hazard ratio 1.44, P = 0.00014) were associated with HF with reduced ejection fraction.ConclusionsSeveral metabolites, including the vasoactive metabolite kynurenine, were related to cardiac structure and function in our sample. Additional research is warranted to confirm our observations and investigate if these metabolites can risk stratify ambulatory individuals.
Takotsubo syndrome in the same heart before and after heart transplantation
Authors: Tsuji Masaki , Amiya Eisuke , Bujo Chie , Maki Hisataka , Ishida Junichi , Hatano Masaru , Ono Minoru , Komuro Issei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHeart transplantation is an effective therapy for patients with end‐stage heart failure. In some cases, Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) was seen in the donor heart. We report a case of TTS in a 40‐year‐old woman with a history of epileptic seizures who underwent heart transplantation from a donor with TTS. The donor was brain‐dead due to severe hypoxic encephalopathy during cardiac arrest with TTS. Fifteen months after heart transplantation, she was readmitted for epileptic seizures. Electrocardiogram showed T‐wave inversion, and transthoracic echocardiography showed apical ballooning. Coronary angiography was normal, and endomyocardial biopsy was negative for rejection. Iodine‐123 metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging demonstrated a low heart‐to‐mediastinum ratio and high washout rate. Eighteen days after admission, recovery of left ventricular dysfunction was confirmed, and she was diagnosed with TTS triggered by epileptic seizures. It is important to recognize the risk of recurrent TTS in heart transplantation patients from a donor with TTS.
Disease progression in cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis is indicated by serial calculation of National Amyloidosis Centre transthyretin amyloidosis stage
Authors: Law Steven , Petrie Aviva , Chacko Liza , Cohen Oliver C. , Ravichandran Sriram , Gilbertson Janet A. , Rowczenio Dorota , Wechalekar Ashutosh , Martinez‐Naharro Ana , Lachmann Helen J. , Whelan Carol J. , Hutt David F. , Hawkins Philip N. , Fontana Marianna , Gillmore Julian D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsCardiac transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR‐CM) is a progressive and fatal condition. Prognosis can be determined at diagnosis according to the National Amyloidosis Centre (NAC) transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) stage. We sought to examine how NAC ATTR stage changes during follow‐up and whether it maintains its prognostic value throughout the disease course.Methods and resultsWe performed a retrospective study of 945 patients with wild‐type ATTR‐CM (wtATTR‐CM) or hereditary ATTR‐CM associated with the V122I variant (V122I‐hATTR‐CM) who were diagnosed and serially evaluated at the UK NAC. Patients who commenced any disease‐modifying therapy for amyloidosis were censored at the time of doing so. Landmark Kaplan–Meier survival analyses were performed at diagnosis (n = 945) and at 6 ± 1 (n = 432), 12 ± 3 (n = 562), and 24 ± 3 (n = 316) months and stratified by recalculated NAC ATTR stage at the relevant time point. Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the prognostic significance during follow‐up of an increase in NAC ATTR stage from Stage I at diagnosis. Mortality in ATTR‐CM was predicted by NAC ATTR stage at each time point [Stage II vs. I, hazard ratios (HRs) 1.95–2.67; P < 0.001; Stage III vs. II, HRs 1.64–2.25; P < 0.001–0.013]. An increase from NAC ATTR Stage I, which occurred in 21%, 32%, and 44% of evaluable patients at 6, 12, and 24 months of follow‐up respectively, was highly predictive of ongoing mortality at each time point (HRs 2.58–3.22; P < 0.001) and in each genotypic subgroup (HRs 1.86–4.38; P < 0.05). Increase in NAC ATTR stage occurred earlier in V122I‐hATTR‐CM than in wtATTR‐CM (43% vs. 27% at 12 months of follow‐up; P = 0.003).ConclusionsNational Amyloidosis Centre ATTR stage predicts ongoing survival throughout the disease natural history in ATTR‐CM, and an increase from NAC ATTR Stage I at diagnosis to a higher NAC ATTR stage predicts mortality throughout follow‐up. Serial calculation of NAC ATTR stage suggests a more aggressive phenotype in V122I‐hATTR‐CM than in wtATTR‐CM.
A rare case of severe right heart failure due to pulmonary artery lymphomatoid granulomatosis
Authors: Su Hongling , Wei Rong , Duan Yichao , Guo Zhaoxia , Wang Aqian , Jiang Na , Li Wanpeng , Zhu Yan , Guo Yanqing , Zhang Min , Zhang Yan , Cao Yunshan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLymphomatoid granulomatosis is a rare, vascular‐centric, and vessel‐destroying lymphoproliferative disease that hardly involves the pulmonary arteries. Herein, we report a case with severe right heart failure and pulmonary arterial stenosis caused by pulmonary artery lymphomatoid granulomatosis. This case was diagnosed by percutaneous transluminal pulmonary artery biopsy and was effectively treated with stent implantation and steroid administration.
The Protective Effect of Dietary EPA‐Enriched Ethanolamine Plasmalogens against Hyperlipidemia in Aged Mice
Authors: Ding Lin , Zhang Lingyu , Shi Haohao , Xue Changhu , Yanagita Teruyoshi , Zhang Tiantian , Wang Yuming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDecreased ethanolamine plasmalogen (PlsEtn) levels are observed in erythrocytes from patients with hyperlipidemia. Dietary PlsEtns can increase erythrocyte membrane PlsEtns and decrease plasma cholesterol; however, they do not affect triacylglycerol levels. In the present study, the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid‐enriched PlsEtn (EPA‐PlsEtn) on hyperlipidemia are evaluated in comparison to those of EPA‐enriched phosphatidylcholine (EPA‐PC) in senescence‐accelerated mice (SAMP8). The results indicate that EPA‐PlsEtn supplementation dramatically reduces triacylglycerol (42%, p < 0.01) and serum cholesterol (32%, p < 0.05) levels compared to those in the model group, while EPA‐PC treatment does not significantly affect either of these parameters. Mechanistically, the triacylglycerol‐lowering effect of EPA‐PlsEtn may be attributed to accelerated fatty acid β‐oxidation that occurs due to the upregulation of carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)‐1a, CPT‐2, and acyl‐CoA oxidase 1 expression. Additionally, EPA‐PlsEtn supplementation can reduce hepatic cholesterol levels via promoting cholesterol efflux mediated by ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 5 and the synthesis of bile acids regulated by farnesoid X receptor. These findings suggest that EPA‐PlsEtn may be promising for use as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of age‐related hyperlipidemia and metabolic disorder.Practical Applications: Supplementary EPA‐PlsEtn can reduce both cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in the serum and liver of SAMP8 mice, which contributes to the protection against age‐related hyperlipidemia. EPA‐PlsEtn supplementation accelerates hepatic fatty acid β‐oxidation and cholesterol efflux, which results in lowering serum lipid levels. EPA‐PlsEtn and EPA‐PC exert different effects on lipid metabolism via different metabolic pathways, which indicates the activity‐structure relationship is worth further investigation.