bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subseasonal convection variability over the Intra‐American Seas simulated by an AGCM and sensitivity to CMIP5 SST biases and projections
Authors: Vigaud Nicolas , Lyon Bradfield , Lee Dong Eun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe influence of coupled model sea surface temperature (SST) climatological biases and SST projections on daily convection over the Intra‐American Seas (IAS) during the May–November rainy season are examined by clustering (k − means) daily OLR anomalies in ECHAM5 atmospheric global climate model (AGCM) experiments. The AGCM is first forced by 1980–2005 observed SSTs (GOGA), then with climatological, multi‐model mean monthly climatological SST bias from 31 CMIP5 coupled models (HIST) and projected SST changes for 2040–2059 (PROJ) and 2080–2099 (PROJ2) imposed on top of observed values. A typology of seven recurrent convection regimes is identified and consists of three dry and four wet regimes, including three regimes characterized by tropical‐midlatitude interactions between surface convection cells across the IAS and Rossby wave in the upper‐troposphere, and a regime of broad wettening typical of the ITCZ. Compared to an earlier observational study, all seven regimes are reasonably well reproduced in the HIST runs. However, the latter exhibit drier dry regimes, a less wet ITCZ‐like wet regime and a southeastward shift of convective anomalies developing across the IAS in the three other regimes, all result in a drier simulated IAS climate compared to GOGA. ECHAM5 projection runs for PROJ and PROJ2 are both characterized by the inhibition of the broad ITCZ‐like wet regime, indicating a significant trend towards more frequent dry weather. Meanwhile, convection anomalies related to tropical‐midlatitude interactions are shifted further east of the Caribbean as lead increases. These results suggest more frequent and intense extreme rainfall over the tropical Atlantic and the southeast US, while parts of the Caribbean are projected to experience drier climate. The projected drying, however, is of the same order of magnitude as results from historical SST biases, suggesting that the latter need to be considered in model projections, which might underestimate future IAS drying.
The Usefulness of the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System in Determining Thyroid Malignancy
Authors: Xie Michael , Gupta Michael K. , Archibald Stuart D. , Jackson B. Stanley , Massey (Ted) Young James Edward , Zhang Han 
Published: January 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the effect of a modified Thyroid Imaging and Reporting Data System (TIRADS) in predicting malignancy in surgically treated nodules.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsThis study was carried out at a tertiary care center from July 2016 to July 2017. Patients were included if they had a thyroid nodule that had an ultrasound assessment with subsequent fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) as well as surgical resection. Patients were excluded if they had previous head and neck surgery. Patients were stratified into those who had a formal modified TIRADS report by the radiologist versus those who had an ultrasound report without TIRADS reporting. FNAB results were reported as per Bethesda Thyroid Cytology Criteria, and the final pathology report was nominalized as malignant or benign.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐four consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria listed above were included within the study. Thirty one patients (25%) had a modified TIRADS report from the radiologist, whereas 93 patients (75%) did not. There was no statistical significance between the two groups in terms of: gender (P = .24), age (P = .77), FNAB results (P = .95), final surgical pathology (P = .90), or incidental findings of malignancy (P = .09). Comparative analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the concordance of FNAB and a final pathological diagnosis of malignancy (P = .91).ConclusionsDespite the known diagnostic utility of the TIRADS in relation to FNAB results and its widespread use, this study shows that the overall detection of malignancy is not statistically different in those who received a modified TIRADS report.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 130: 2087–2091, 2020
Facial Nerve Branching Patterns Vary With Vascular Anomalies
Authors: Adidharma Lingga , Bly Randall A. , Theeuwen Hailey A. , Holdefer Robert N. , Slimp Jefferson , Kinney Greg A. , Martinez Vicente , Whitlock Kathryn B. , Perkins Jonathan A. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesAt our institution, in vivo facial nerve mapping (FNM) is used during vascular anomaly (VAN) surgeries involving the facial nerve (FN) to create an FN map and prevent injury. During mapping, FN anatomy seemed to vary with VAN type. This study aimed to characterize FN branching patterns compared to published FN anatomy and VAN type.Study DesignRetrospective study of surgically relevant facial nerve anatomy.MethodsVAN patients (n = 67) with FN mapping between 2005 and 2018 were identified. Results included VAN type, FN relationship to VAN, FNM image with branch pattern, and surgical approach. A Fisher exact test compared FN relationships and surgical approach between VAN pathology, and FN branching types to published anatomical studies. MATLAB quantified FN branching with Euclidean distances and angles. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) analyzed quantitative FN patterns amongst VAN types.ResultsVANs included were hemangioma, venous malformation, lymphatic malformation, and arteriovenous malformation (n = 17, 13, 25, and 3, respectively). VAN FN patterns differed from described FN anatomy (P < .001). PCA and HCA in MATLAB‐quantified FN branching demonstrated no patterns associated with VAN pathology (P = .80 and P = .91, one‐way analysis of variance for principle component 1 (PC1) and priniciple component 2 (PC2), respectively). FN branches were usually adherent to hemangioma or venous malformation as compared to coursing through lymphatic malformation (both P = .01, Fisher exact).ConclusionsFN branching patterns identified through electrical stimulation differ from cadaveric dissection determined FN anatomy. This reflects the high sensitivity of neurophysiologic testing in detecting small distal FN branches. Elongated FN branches traveling through lymphatic malformation may be related to abnormal nerve patterning in these malformations.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:2708–2713, 2020
Diagnostic criteria for postbullying disorder: A phenomenological research design of bullying victims
Authors: Arnout Boshra A. , Alshehri Abeer S. , Assiri Aeshah M. , Al‐Qadimi Fatma Y. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the diagnostic criteria for postbullying disorder, which enable the persons who provide therapy services for bullying victims, because until now, there are no criteria to help clinicians diagnose postbullying disorder. This study employed phenomenological research design. Purposive sampling was adopted to sample six university students who are experiencing the bullying behavior from their colleagues in the university campus. The results revealed that there are eight criteria for diagnosing postbullying disorder among victims. These are trauma exposure, symptoms of penetration, avoidance, perception and negative emotions, self‐destructive behavior, dysfunction due to symptoms, duration (1 month or more) of symptoms, and the criteria that the bullying symptoms cannot be attributed to the use of substances or drugs of another medical conditions. Results shed new light on the diagnostic criteria for postbullying disorder and proved the usefulness of these criteria in understanding the development of the postbullying symptoms among victims. These findings enable schools and universities to plan psychotherapy interventions for victims.
Sirolimus for the treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Authors: Fernández Karen S. , de Alarcon Alessandro , Adams Denise M. , Hammill Adrienne M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractJuvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a pathologically benign yet locally aggressive and destructive tumor that develops in the choana and nasopharynx. Historical treatment of JNA has included embolization, surgical resection, and radiation. Here, we describe three patients who received therapy with the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus with improvement in clinical symptoms, imaging, and overall well‐being.
Ifosfamide, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine is an effective salvage regimen with excellent stem cell mobilization in relapsed or refractory pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Marr Kristin , Ronsley Rebecca , Nadel Helen , Douglas Kate , Gershony Sharon , Strahlendorf Caron , Davis Jeffrey H. , Deyell Rebecca J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe describe 12 pediatric patients (8‐16 years) with primary refractory (N = 6) or first relapse (N = 6) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treated with ifosfamide, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine (IGEV). The overall response rate to IGEV was 100%, with seven (58%) complete responses (CR) and five (42%) partial responses. Successful CD34+ stem cell mobilization was achieved in all patients. Following subsequent autologous stem cell transplantation, 10 patients (83%) achieved CR. At a median follow‐up of 71 months, 11 patients had no evidence of disease. Five‐year second event‐free survival and overall survival were 83% ± 11.0% and 90.0% ± 9.5%, respectively. IGEV is an effective salvage regimen for children with relapsed/refractory HL.
Practice patterns for stroke prevention using transcranial Doppler in sickle cell anemia: DISPLACE Consortium
Authors: Schlenz Alyssa M. , Phillips Shannon , Mueller Martina , Melvin Cathy , Adams Robert J. , Kanter Julie ,   On Behalf of the DISPLACE Investigators
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren with sickle cell anemia (SCA) are at increased risk for stroke. In 2014, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) developed guidelines for stroke prevention in SCA informed by the Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) and Optimizing Primary Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP II) trials. The guidelines specify the use of transcranial Doppler (TCD) screening and intervention with chronic red cell transfusions (CRCT) in children with SCA who have TCD indication of high stroke risk. The purpose of this study was to describe real‐world practice patterns of stroke risk screening and intervention in sites that participated in the Dissemination and Implementation of Stroke Prevention Looking at the Care Environment (DISPLACE) Consortium.ProcedureSite investigators completed a survey during the formative stages of the study to evaluate their TCD practices relative to the STOP studies. Descriptive statistics and analysis of free‐text comments for more complex practices were evaluated.ResultsResults suggested universal acceptance of annual TCD screening and initiation of CRCT following an abnormal result among the DISPLACE Consortium, consistent with NHLBI recommendations. However, there was wide variation in methods for conducting TCD screenings (eg, dedicated Doppler vs TCD imaging), classifying TCD results, and actions taken for conditional and inadequate results.ConclusionsAnnual TCD screening and initiation of CRCT are critical stroke prevention practices that were universally embraced in the consortium. Additional research would be beneficial for informing clinical practices for areas in which guidelines are absent or unclear.
Prognostic impact of diagnostic and treatment delays in children with osteosarcoma
Authors: Vasquez Liliana , Silva Jose , Chavez Sharon , Zapata Arturo , Diaz Rosdali , Tarrillo Fanny , Maza Ivan , Sialer Luis , García Juan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the latency to diagnosis (LD) and the time to completion of chemotherapy (TCC) with clinical outcomes in children with osteosarcoma.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of all patients who received treatment for osteosarcoma in two tertiary centers in Peru from 2008 to 2015. All causes of delayed LD or TCC were evaluated. Overall survival (OS) and event‐free‐survival (EFS) were estimated and compared according to LD, TCC, and established clinical prognostic factors.ResultsOne hundred and thirteen patients were included in the study. The median LD was 13.5 weeks (interquartile range, 10‐18.5 weeks). No association was observed among clinical stage, tumor size, and LD. Delayed LD was not associated with a worse clinical outcome. Multivariate analysis confirmed that OS and EFS were significantly worse in cases of a delayed TCC (≥4 weeks), with hazard ratios of 2.70 (1.11‐6.76, P = 0.003) and 1.13 (1.00‐1.26, P = 0.016), respectively. Most delays in TCC (85%) were due to extramedical reasons (e.g., lack of available hospital beds).ConclusionThe LD did not seem to influence the EFS and OS in pediatric patients with osteosarcoma. However, a delay in TCC from any cause is independently associated with poor outcome in pediatric patients with osteosarcoma. Based on these results, further efforts may be needed to avoid treatment delays in patients with osteosarcoma in middle‐income countries.
Factors influencing diagnostic delays of pediatric cancers in Botswana
Authors: Carpenter Kendall , Slone Amanda K. , Scheuer Michael , Mehta Parth S. , Slone Jeremy S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundA major barrier in improving cancer outcomes in Botswana and other low‐ and middle‐income countries is timely access to care. Understanding time to diagnosis of pediatric cancers in Botswana and evaluating factors contributing to delays was necessary to inform interventions.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of children diagnosed with cancer at Princess Marina Hospital from 2008 to 2015 was performed utilizing the Botswana Pediatric Oncology Database. The time to diagnosis, pretreatment center delay, and pathology turnaround time were calculated. Time to diagnosis was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses to determine association with age, sex, distance to a treatment center, HIV status, cancer type, outcome, and presence of metastasis at diagnosis.ResultsThe median time to diagnosis was 10.7 weeks, median pretreatment center delay was 9.6 weeks, and median pathology turnaround time was 3 weeks. Longer time to diagnosis was significantly correlated with presence of metastasis at diagnosis. Age, sex, distance to a treatment center, HIV status, cancer type, and outcome were not significantly associated with diagnostic delay.ConclusionChildren with cancer in Botswana have more than three months of symptoms prior to diagnosis, which is associated with metastasis at diagnosis. Efforts should be made to empower and promote awareness of pediatric cancer symptoms among caregivers and community healthcare providers in order to shorten time to presentation at a treatment center.
Influence of solid‐state biaxial orientation on the adhesion between poly(ethylene terephthalate)/tie layer/isotactic polypropylene multilayer films
Authors: Ghazaryan Gagik , Hausmann Karlheinz , Tervoort Theo A. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTCurrent state‐of‐the‐art packaging films typically consist of solid‐state stretched multilayer polymer systems, in which each of the polymer layers provides a specific property. Often these polymer film layers are incompatible and need to be glued together by so‐called “tie layers.” In this article, we apply a novel biaxial orientation technique to examine the effect of solid‐state biaxial stretching on the adhesive behavior of a model multilayer system consisting of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and isotactic polypropylene, as an example of two typical incompatible base layers, glued together by a common tie layer. Two main factors affecting the adhesion, the temperature at which the biaxial stretching is performed and the thickness of the tie layer, are discussed in detail. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 446–454
Evaluation of SLAKES, a smartphone application for quantifying aggregate stability, in high‐clay soils
Authors: Flynn Kade D , Bagnall Dianna K. , Morgan Cristine L.S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe measurement of aggregate stability is widely used for establishing quantified soil condition ratings. These ratings can inform managers and scientists on effective soil management practices and identify regions where poor soil conditions are jeopardizing the environment and soil productivity. However, many current methods for quantifying soil conditions are complicated and time‐consuming, and require specialized equipment, especially the measure of aggregate stability. SLAKES is a smartphone application created by the University of Sydney, Australia, that quantifies aggregate stability through a simple experiment. The experiment requires three pea‐sized soil peds, a petri dish of water, and a smartphone running the SLAKES application. The application takes 10 min to produce an on‐screen measurement of aggregate stability and a downloadable text file of the ped dissolution over time. SLAKES, along with the Cornell Wet Aggregate Stability Test, was used on seven conventional tillage, seven no‐till, and eight perennial grass fields to determine whether the application showed sensitivity to different management practices. All 22 sites were on Vertisols (Typic Haplusterts). The SLAKES results showed higher significant separation of means (p < .0001) between each management type than the Cornell method, which was only able to differentiate between conventional tillage and perennial grass management at a lower significance (p = .06). SLAKES proved to be a legitimate method for quantifying aggregate stability based on slaking. With this simplified aggregate stability measurement method, rating and quantifying soil health is viable for anyone with a portable electronic device and is much less tedious than traditional lab‐based methods.
The Influence of Xanthan Gum on Rheological Properties and In Vitro Digestibility of Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) Starch
Authors: Zheng Yuxue , Sun Weixuan , Yang Wenhan , Chen Shiguo , Liu Donghong , Tian Jinhu , Ye Xingqian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe study describes the effects of xanthan gum (0.5–2.0%) on the in vitro digestibility and rheological and pasting properties of kudzu (Pueraria lobata) starch pastes. The flow behavior index (n) shows a decrease in trends (from 0.43 to 0.31) as the xanthan gum concentration increases, indicating pseudoplastic behavior. Dynamic viscoelasticity analysis indicate that the elastic (G′) and viscous (G″) moduli increase in the presence of xanthan gum, suggesting a strong interaction between xanthan gum and kudzu starch in the composite system. All concentrations of xanthan gum result in increased elasticity (G′ > G″). Pasting properties reveal that the peak and final viscosity of the xanthan gum–kudzu starch dispersion decreases with the increasing concentration of xanthan gum, highlighting the importance of xanthan gum in controlling overall viscosity. The addition of xanthan gum also decreases the hydrolysis of kudzu starch during in vitro digestion.
Gallic acid prevents 1, 2‐Dimethylhydrazine induced colon inflammation, toxicity, mucin depletion, and goblet cell disintegration
Authors: Shree Alpa , Islam Johirul , Vafa Abul , Mohammad Afzal Sheikh , Sultana Sarwat 
Published: January 2020

Abstract1,2‐Dimethylhydrazine (DMH), an environmental toxicant specifically targets the colon. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of gallic acid (GA) against colon toxicity induced by DMH in Wistar rats. GA, a phenolic acid has numerous beneficial properties, which include antiviral, antifungal and antioxidant properties which help cells to overcome oxidative stress and balance the redox homeostasis. GA was administered orally at two doses (25 and 50 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 14 days and a single dose (40 mg/kg body weight) of DMH was administered subcutaneously on 14th day. Animals were sacrificed on the 15th day and we could find that GA at both the doses significantly ameliorates DMH‐induced increased toxicity markers and also substantially increases the glutathione content level and activities of detoxifying enzymes. It also ameliorates the expression of proliferation, inflammation, apoptosis, goblet cell disintegration, and mucin depletion in the colon that was elevated upon administration of DMH. Histological alterations provide further confirmation of the protective role of GA against DMH‐induced colon toxicity. The results of this study clearly indicate supplementation of GA is beneficial in ameliorating DMH‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis, mucin depletion, and goblet cell disintegration in colon of Wistar rats.
Prevention of biofilm formation by quorum quenching
Authors: Paluch E. , Rewak-Soroczyńska J. , Jędrusik I. , Mazurkiewicz E. , Jermakow K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractQuorum sensing (QS) is a mechanism that enables microbial communication. It is based on the constant secretion of signaling molecules to the environment. The main role of QS is the regulation of vital processes in the cell such as virulence factor production or biofilm formation. Due to still growing bacterial resistance to antibiotics that have been overused, it is necessary to search for alternative antimicrobial therapies. One of them is quorum quenching (QQ) that disrupts microbial communication. QQ-driving molecules can decrease or even completely inhibit the production of virulence factors (including biofilm formation). There are few QQ strategies that comprise the use of the structural analogues of QS receptor autoinductors (AI). They may be found in nature or be designed and synthesized via chemical engineering. Many of the characterized QQ molecules are enzymes with the ability to degrade signaling molecules. They can also impede cellular signaling cascades. There are different techniques used for testing QS/QQ, including chromatography-mass spectroscopy, bioluminescence, chemiluminescence, fluorescence, electrochemistry, and colorimetry. They all enable qualitative and quantitative measurements of QS/QQ molecules. This article gathers the information about the mechanisms of QS and QQ, and their effect on microbial biofilm formation. Basic methods used to study QS/QQ, as well as the medical and biotechnological applications of QQ, are also described. Basis research methods are also described as well as medical and biotechnological application.