bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Biomass Burning on Stratocumulus Droplet Characteristics, Drizzle Rate, and Composition
Authors: Hossein Mardi Ali , Dadashazar Hossein , MacDonald Alexander B. , Crosbie Ewan , Coggon Matthew M. , Azadi Aghdam Mojtaba , Woods Roy K. , Jonsson Haflidi H. , Flagan Richard C. , Seinfeld John H. , Sorooshian Armin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study reports on airborne measurements of stratocumulus cloud properties under varying degrees of influence from biomass burning (BB) plumes off the California coast. Data are reported from five total airborne campaigns based in Marina, California, with two of them including influence from wildfires in different areas along the coast of the western United States. The results indicate that subcloud cloud condensation nuclei number concentration and mass concentrations of important aerosol species (organics, sulfate, nitrate) were better correlated with cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) as compared to respective above‐cloud aerosol data. Given that the majority of BB particles resided above cloud tops, this is an important consideration for future work in the region as the data indicate that the subcloud BB particles likely were entrained from the free troposphere. Lower cloud condensation nuclei activation fractions were observed for BB‐impacted clouds as compared to non‐BB clouds due, at least partly, to less hygroscopic aerosols. Relationships between Nd and either droplet effective radius or drizzle rate are preserved regardless of BB influence, indicative of how parameterizations can exhibit consistent skill for varying degrees of BB influence as long as Nd is known. Lastly, the composition of both droplet residual particles and cloud water changed significantly when clouds were impacted by BB plumes, with differences observed for different fire sources stemming largely from effects of plume aging time and dust influence.
Socioeconomic and environmental predictors of estuarine shoreline hard armoring
Authors: Peterson Nicole E. , Landry Craig E. , Alexander Clark R. , Samples Kevin , Bledsoe Brian P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRising sea levels and growing coastal populations are intensifying interactions at the land-sea interface. To stabilize upland and protect human developments from coastal hazards, landowners commonly emplace hard armoring structures, such as bulkheads and revetments, along estuarine shorelines. The ecological and economic consequences of shoreline armoring have garnered significant attention; however, few studies have examined the extent of hard armoring or identified drivers of hard armoring patterns at the individual landowner level across large geographical areas. This study addresses this knowledge gap by using a fine-scale census of hard armoring along the entire Georgia U.S. estuarine coastline. We develop a parsimonious statistical model that accurately predicts the probability of armoring emplacement at the parcel level based on a set of environmental and socioeconomic variables. Several interacting influences contribute to patterns of shoreline armoring; in particular, shoreline slope and the presence of armoring on a neighboring parcel are strong predictors of armoring. The model also suggests that continued sea level rise and coastal population growth could trigger future increases in armoring, emphasizing the importance of considering dynamic patterns of armoring when evaluating the potential effects of sea level rise. For example, evolving distributions of armoring should be considered in predictions of future salt marsh migration. The modeling approach developed in this study is adaptable to assessing patterns of hard armoring in other regions. With improved understanding of hard armoring distributions, sea level rise response plans can be fully informed to design more efficient scenarios for both urban development and coastal ecosystems.
Low temperature synthesis via molten-salt method of r-BN nanoflakes, and their properties
Authors: Chen Yang , Wang Xing , Yu Chao , Ding Jun , Deng Chengji , Zhu Hongxi 
Published: November 2019

Abstractr-BN nanoflakes were synthesized using KBH4 and NH4Cl as the main raw material in a high-purity nitrogen atmosphere. The effects of salt and salt-free conditions and heating temperature on the synthesis of BN were studied. The molten-salt method was used to synthesize BN at 650 °C, which was 250 °C lower than the BN synthesis method without salt. Furthermore, at 1000 °C the prepared flake-like BN crystals showed good crystallinity, uniform morphology, a particle diameter of 200–300 nm, and a thickness of 40–70 nm. Moreover, the specific surface area of BN was 294.26 m2/g. In addition, the BN synthesized at 1100 °C had a large elastic modulus value and good oxidation resistance.
Potential of Pantoea dispersa as an effective biocontrol agent for black rot in sweet potato
Authors: Jiang Lingmin , Jeong Jae Chul , Lee Jung-Sook , Park Jeong Mee , Yang Jung-Wook , Lee Myoung Hui , Choi Seung Hee , Kim Cha Young , Kim Dae-Hyuk , Kim Suk Weon , Lee Jiyoung 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBiocontrol offers a promising alternative to synthetic fungicides for the control of a variety of pre- and post-harvest diseases of crops. Black rot, which is caused by the pathogenic fungus Ceratocytis fimbriata, is the most destructive post-harvest disease of sweet potato, but little is currently known about potential biocontrol agents for this fungus. Here, we isolated several microorganisms from the tuberous roots and shoots of field-grown sweet potato plants, and analyzed their ribosomal RNA gene sequences. The microorganisms belonging to the genus Pantoea made up a major portion of the microbes residing within the sweet potato plants, and fluorescence microscopy showed these microbes colonized the intercellular spaces of the vascular tissue in the sweet potato stems. Four P. dispersa strains strongly inhibited C. fimbriata mycelium growth and spore germination, and altered the morphology of the fungal hyphae. The detection of dead C. fimbriata cells using Evans blue staining suggested that these P. dispersa strains have fungicidal rather than fungistatic activity. Furthermore, P. dispersa strains significantly inhibited C. fimbriata growth on the leaves and tuberous roots of a susceptible sweet potato cultivar (“Yulmi”). These findings suggest that P. dispersa strains could inhibit black rot in sweet potato plants, highlighting their potential as biocontrol agents.
Calcipotriol and betamethasone dipropionate synergistically enhances the balance between regulatory and proinflammatory T cells in a murine psoriasis model
Authors: Satake Kyosuke , Amano Toru , Okamoto Tadao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA topical medication combining calcipotriol (Cal) and betamethasone dipropionate (BDP) has proven effective in a number of randomized controlled trials performed in patients with psoriasis, but its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. We investigated whether the combination of Cal and BDP (Cal/BDP) in this topical medication had a synergistic effect on psoriasis-like dermatitis and explored the underlying immunological mechanisms in a murine psoriasis model induced by application of imiquimod. Cal/BDP synergistically inhibited ear thickening induced by imiquimod compared to monotherapy with either Cal or BDP. In addition, Cal/BDP significantly suppressed the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17-producing T (T17) pathogenic axis, including expression of IL-17a, IL-23a, IL-22 and TNF-α mRNA in skin lesions and expansion of CCR6+ γδ T17 cells in the draining lymph nodes. Notably, Cal/BDP synergistically induced regulatory CD8+ T cells and also improved the balance between regulatory CD8+ or CD4+ T cells and proinflammatory CCR6+ γδ T17 cells in the draining lymph nodes. These results suggest synergistic anti-psoriatic activity of Cal/BDP with normalization of the imbalance between regulatory CD8+ or CD4+ T cells and proinflammatory CCR6+ γδ T17 cells, which contributes to successful control of psoriasis by Cal-BDP combination therapy.
Properties and efficient scrap-and-build repairing of mechanically sheared 3’ DNA ends
Authors: Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Sakai Keiichiro , Nagata Yuji , Tsuda Masataka 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRepairing of DNA termini is a crucial step in a variety of DNA handling techniques. In this study, we investigated mechanically-sheared DNA 3’-ends (MSD3Es) to establish an efficient repair method. As opposed to the canonical view of DNA terminus generated by sonication, we showed that approximately 47% and 20% of MSD3Es carried a phosphate group and a hydroxyl group, respectively. The others had unidentified abnormal terminal structures. Notably, a fraction of the abnormal 3’ termini (about 20% of the total) was not repaired after the removal of 3’ phosphates and T4 DNA polymerase (T4DP) treatment. To overcome this limitation, we devised a reaction, in which the 3’− > 5’ exonuclease activity of exonuclease III (3’− > 5’ exonuclease, insensitive to the 3’ phosphate group) was counterbalanced by the 5’− > 3’ polymerase activity of T4DP. This combined reaction, termed “SB-repairing” (for scrap-and-build repairing), will serve as a useful tool for the efficient repair of MSD3Es.
Effects of mercuric chloride on spatial memory deficit-induced by beta-amyloid and evaluation of mitochondrial function markers in the hippocampus of rats
Authors: Behzadfar Ladan , Hassani Shokoufeh , Feizpour Hossein , Abbasian Nakisa , Salek Maghsoudi Armin , Taghizadeh Ghorban , Pourahmad Jalal , Sharifzadeh Mohammad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mercury is a highly poisonous heavy metal abundantly found in the environment in its inorganic form. Although evidence have been provided about the possible role of inorganic mercury in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), its effect on cognitive and mitochondrial functions have not yet been completely understood. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of the chronic exposure to mercuric chloride (0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg kg−1 per day for 3 weeks) through drinking water (by gavage) on spatial learning and memory and hippocampal mitochondrial function in beta-amyloid treated rats (1 μg per μL per side, intrahippocampally). The acquisition and retention of spatial memory were evaluated by the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Several parameters of hippocampal mitochondrial function were also measured. The results indicated that mercury impaired spatial learning and memory as well as aggravated Aβ-induced memory impairments in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, mercury exposure resulted in a significant increase in ROS generation, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling, glutathione oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and outer membrane damage. In addition, a reduced cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) activity and elevated ADP/ATP ratio in the rats’ hippocampus was also observed. The findings of the current study revealed that chronic mercury exposure led to mitochondrial dysfunction, which resulted in spatial memory impairments. The results also showed that mercury can exacerbate the toxic effects of Aβ on spatial memory and hippocampal mitochondrial function.
Coupled‐inductor‐based high‐gain converter utilising magnetising inductance to achieve soft‐switching with low voltage stress on devices
Authors: Upadhyay Prashant , Kumar Rajneesh , Sathyan Shelas 
Published: November 2019

This work proposes a soft‐switched quadratic quadrupler boost converter with high voltage step up gain and low voltage stress on devices. With this converter topology, high voltage gain is achieved at low duty ratio operation of MOSFETs and few number of turns in coupled inductor. Operation at low duty ratio keeps boost converter gain in linear region and smaller number of turns in coupled inductor reduces the lossy part of the winding. Further, the magnetising inductance of coupled inductor is utilised to achieve zero voltage switching of MOSFETs to minimise the switching loss. In addition, secondary side diodes are operating under zero current switching conditions using resonance between leakage inductance and the capacitors of voltage quadrupler circuit. This greatly reduces the reverse recovery losses of the secondary side diodes. A detailed analysis of converter dynamics is discussed in one of the subsections to find out small‐signal transfer functions with respect to variations in input voltage and duty ratio variation of MOSFETs. A 250 W prototype of the proposed converter is built and tested in laboratory with a maximum efficiency of ∼93% at 175 W output power.
High‐gain three‐phase current‐fed push–pull DC–DC converter
Authors: da Costa André Elias Lucena , Andersen Romero Leandro 
Published: November 2019

In this study, a new three‐phase current‐fed push–pull DC–DC converter with high‐gain capability was proposed. The proposed circuit has the advantages of three‐phase converters and the push–pull converter circuit, with small volume and a simplified gate drive circuit with switches connected to the same reference. The converter was analysed for operation in continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. The analysis includes a description of the topological stage, theoretical waveforms, deduction of the voltage gains and the expressions for its practical design. To validate the theoretical analysis, a 700 W prototype was built and tested with an input voltage of 40 V, an output voltage of 400 V and a switching frequency of 40 kHz. Despite using a unity transformer turns ratio, the prototype had an experimental gain of ∼10, which makes the proposed converter suitable for applications as renewable energy sources systems.
Numerical and experimental researches of thermal energy storage processesduring phase transformations of phase change materials with nanoparticles
Authors: Gorobets Valery , Antypov Ievgen , Bohdan Yurii , Trokhaniak Viktor 
Published: November 2019

It is evident that nowadays materials with phase or chemical transformations are significantly considered to be in surpassing demand in the society being used for accumulating thermal energy. Furthermore, this usage leads to the process of increasing accumulated thermal energy per unit mass concentration to be achieved in a much beneficial and reliable manner. In comparison to these materials, well-known and widely–used solid and liquid ones are mainly associated with productivity and efficiencylosses. One of the methods, having desirable attributes for substantial enhancement in the energy productivity of phase change materials is proved to be the addition of solid nanoparticles with a large coefficient of thermal conductivity.
This work focuses on numerical and experimental investigation the influence of nanoparticles of various materials and sizes on the processes of thermal energy storage in paraffin. In particular, the proceeding data of the thermophysical properties of paraffin with nanoparticles as being found by the optical spectroscopy method. Moreover, due to comprehensive results in experimental and numerical studies, the heat accumulating capacity of the phase change materials, as well as the dynamics and profile of the melting boundary around cylindrical heat sources were reported to be determined. Besides, the comparison of heatstorage capacity for phase change materials with and without nanoparticles is managed.
Kompressionstherapie bei Patienten mit Ulcus cruris – Welche Kosten entstehen wirklich?
Authors: Dissemond Joachim , Protz Kerstin , Moelleken Maurice , Kröger Knut 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Patienten mit Ulcus cruris haben häufig ausgeprägte Ödeme der unteren Extremitäten, die im Rahmen einer erfolgreichen Wundversorgung behandelt werden müssen. Die hierfür notwendigen Kompressionstherapien werden heute in Deutschland oft mit sehr fehler- und zeitaufwendigen Verbänden mit Kurzzugbinden durchgeführt. Mehrkomponentensysteme, adaptive Kompressionsbandagen und Ulkus-Strumpfsysteme sind neuere, deutlich weniger fehleranfällige Therapieoptionen. Neben dem oft nicht vorhandenen Wissen werden auch die scheinbar hohen Kosten als Grund für die nicht vorgenommene Verordnung dieser Materialien angeführt. Es war daher das Ziel unserer Untersuchung, die Kosten der verschiedenen Therapieoptionen im ambulanten und stationären Sektor differenziert darzustellen.
Methoden Für die ökonomischen Berechnungen wurden sowohl die Material- als auch die Personalkosten für verschiedene Szenarien berücksichtigt.
Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich, dass durch die kontinuierliche Kompressionstherapie im stationären Bereich Kosten von 5,29 Euro bis 18,50 Euro pro Tag anfallen. Für die ambulante Versorgung wurden Kosten von 2,29 Euro bis 34,29 Euro pro Tag ermittelt. Die verschiedenen Konstellationen der Kompressionstherapie können somit nicht nur medizinisch, sondern auch wirtschaftlich unterschiedlich sinnvoll sein.
Folgerung Als Konsequenz dieser Daten sollten sowohl die verschiedenen Materialien als auch die ökonomischen Aspekte der Kompressionstherapie bei Patienten mit Ulcus cruris den Therapeuten bekannt sein. Diese Therapieoptionen sollten dann unter Einbeziehung individueller Faktoren und orientiert an den Bedürfnissen und Fähigkeiten der Patienten verordnet und durchgeführt werden.
Social influences in cross-border entrepreneurial migration policy
Authors: Kautto Daria 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses the possibilities for public policy to stimulate the entrepreneurial perceptions of individuals by leveraging micro-level social influences produced by migrant entrepreneurs. As opposed to the conventional stand according to which entrepreneurial ecosystems can be stimulated by financial, regulative, cognitive and normative mechanisms of influence, the present study suggests that socio-psychological influences enacted by exogenous policy intervention can be used as a mechanism for shifting the entrepreneurial perceptions of individuals. Cross-border entrepreneurial migration is proposed as an instrument for enacting these socio-psychological influences and enabling public policy to benefit from the distinctively different entrepreneurial behaviors of migrant entrepreneurs and local individuals in the host country. The study offers substantial policy implications by extending the theoretical reasoning guiding the stimulation of entrepreneurial ecosystems through public policy intervention, providing discussion of opportunity perception in cross-border context, and offering an alternative socio-economic perspective on the role of migrant entrepreneurs in the economic life of host countries.
aPKCi triggers basal extrusion of luminal mammary epithelial cells by tuning contractility and vinculin localization at cell junctions
Authors: Villeneuve Clémentine , Lagoutte Emilie , de Plater Ludmilla , Mathieu Samuel , Manneville Jean-Baptiste , Maître Jean-Léon , Chavrier Philippe , Rossé Carine 
Published: November 2019

Significance
This study shows that an oncogenic mammary epithelial cell surrounded by normal cells can extrude basally in vivo and invade surrounding tissues without formation of a primary tumor. Here, we show that overexpression of the key polarity protein atypical protein kinase C ι (aPKCi) is sufficient for triggering basally oriented epithelial cell extrusion and early cell invasion into the mammary gland stroma. Moreover, we highlight the importance of the difference between the mechanical properties of aPKCi-overexpressing cells and those of the normal surrounding cells associated with the decrease of vinculin at the cell junction, which triggers cell segregation, the first step toward promoting and controlling the direction of cell extrusion.
Crack engineering for the construction of arbitrary hierarchical architectures
Authors: Li Wanbo , Yu Miao , Sun Jing , Mochizuki Kentaro , Chen Siyu , Zheng Huanxi , Li Jiaqian , Yao Shuhuai , Wu Hongkai , Ong Beng S. , Kawata Satoshi , Wang Zuankai , Ren Kangning 
Published: November 2019

Significance
Despite emerging breakthroughs in the achievement of numerous elegant biomimetic structures that impart fascinating functionalities, bioinspired materials still suffer from poor structural durability, chemical reliability, flexibility, and optical transparency, as well as unaffordable cost and low throughput, thus preventing their broad real-life applications. In striking contrast to conventional wisdom, we demonstrate that the usually avoided and detrimental elastic crack phenomenon can be translated into powerful configurable-crack engineering to achieve structures and functions that are impossible to realize even using state-of-the-art techniques. Our approach dramatically enriches the freedom and flexibility in the design of materials to mimic various natural living organisms and paves the road for translating nature’s inspirations into real-world applications.
Pre-trial screening using DNA diagnostics.
Authors: Sitepu B. , Laksono N. D. , Setiawati U. , Nur F. , Rahmaningsih M. , Anwar Y. , Widodo P. , Forster B. P. , Purba A. R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

DNA analysis provides an opportunity to screen for certain traits prior to field planting. This is particularly important in screening for shell thickness. The shell thickness gene (Sh) is probably the most valuable gene in oil palm breeding and commerce. Pre-field planting screening is important as selection for dura and tenera types can be made and (sterile) pisiferas may be eliminated, thus saving on time and land space. This also allows for more robust field trialling as dura and tenera types can be separated. Nursery seedlings offer a convenient phase in which to sample leaves, extract and analyse DNA, thus selections can be made before field planting. In addition to the Sh gene, screening for other important traits is now possible (e.g. virescens and mantled fruit). This chapter gives an overview of pre-trial screening using currently available DNA diagnostics, but this area of work is developing quickly and set to expand in the future. Practical details of the DNA protocols involved are not given as these are in another manual in this series (Anwar et al., 2019). DNA analyses can be carried out in-house or outsourced to DNA service laboratories.
Examining environmental constraints in sport: Spin characteristics of two cricket pitches with contrasting soil properties
Authors: Crowther Rian H. , Gorman Adam D. , Spratford Wayne A. , Sayers Mark G. , Kountouris Alex 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the sport of cricket, the pitch is an organic surface that represents an important environmental constraint. While the soil properties of the pitch are known to influence the pace and bounce of medium and fast deliveries, it is unknown how the soil constructs or the seam of the cricket ball affect the pace, bounce, and deviation of a spinning delivery. A specialised spin bowling machine was used to deliver 276 (139 wrist spin, 137 finger spin) spinning deliveries onto two cricket pitches with contrasting soil properties. The pitches included a bespoke international pitch (BIP; higher sand content at 43.28%) and a common Australian pitch (CAP; lower sand content at 7.44%). Results indicated that the BIP showed significantly slower reflection pace and larger deviation, compared to the CAP. Irrespective of the pitch type, when the seam of the ball impacted the pitch, there was a significantly slower reflection pace and larger deviation. The reflection properties of the BIP resembled that of a “spinning pitch” which can be used as a form of representative practice for conditions similar to those that may be experienced in India. The impact of the seam on the pitch surface significantly altered the reflection of the ball and should be considered in future cricket research.