bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anionic Redox Activity Regulated by Transition Metal in Lithium‐Rich Layered Oxides
Authors: Song Jun‐Hyuk , Yoon Gabin , Kim Byunghoon , Eum Donggun , Park Hyeokjun , Kim Do‐Hoon , Kang Kisuk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe anionic redox activity in lithium‐rich layered oxides has the potential to boost the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries. Although it is widely accepted that the anionic redox activity stems from the orphaned oxygen energy level, its regulation and structural stabilization, which are essential for practical employment, remain still elusive, requiring an improved fundamental understanding. Herein, the oxygen redox activity for a wide range of 3d transition‐metal‐based Li2TMO3 compounds is investigated and the intrinsic competition between the cationic and anionic redox reaction is unveiled. It is demonstrated that the energy level of the orphaned oxygen state (and, correspondingly, the activity) is delicately governed by the type and number of neighboring transition metals owing to the π‐type interactions between LiOLi and M t2g states. Based on these findings, a simple model that can be used to estimate the anionic redox activity of various lithium‐rich layered oxides is proposed. The model explains the recently reported significantly different oxygen redox voltages or inactivity in lithium‐rich materials despite the commonly observed LiOLi states with presumably unhybridized character. The discovery of hidden factors that rule the anionic redox in lithium‐rich cathode materials will aid in enabling controlled cumulative cationic and anionic redox reactions.
Reinterpretation ofPaleoazolla: a heterosporous water fern from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: De Benedetti Facundo , Zamaloa María del C. , Gandolfo María A. , Cúneo Néstor R. 
Published: June 2020

PremiseUndoubtedly, fossils are critical for understanding evolutionary transformations in deep time. Here, we reinvestigate the microspores and megaspores ofPaleoazolla patagonica, a water fern found in Late Cretaceous sediments of the Chubut Province, Patagonia, Argentina, which provides novel evidence on the past history of the water fern clade. The study was based on recently collected specimens and additional observations of the original material.MethodsMost specimens analyzed herein were obtained from new palynological samples collected at the Cerro Bosta and Cañadón del Irupé localities, La Colonia Formation. Samples were mechanically disaggregated and treated with hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acid. Spores were studied using standard light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. We also reexamined the original materials.ResultsThe newly described characters ofPaleoazollainclude the presence of heterosporangiate sori composed of one ellipsoidal megasporangium surrounded by three to four oval microsporangia, megasporangium containing one hairy massula that encloses two trilete megaspores (rarely one or three), and microsporangia containing numerous microspore massulae with non‐septate multibarbed glochidia and one trilete microspore per massula.ConclusionsThe reinterpretation has revealed a novel set of characters for understanding the evolution of heterosporous water ferns. The presence of two megaspores in the megasporangium ofPaleoazollaexposes serious gaps in the current knowledge on the evolution of monomegaspory in heterosporous water ferns, a fact that emphasizes the need of including fossils within phylogenies to elucidate patterns of character acquisition among water ferns.
Evodiamine derivatives improve cognitive abilities in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Pang Shuo , Sun Caixian , Gao Shan , Yang Yajun , Pan Xiandao , Zhang Lianfeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease. Due to the complexity of its molecular pathogenesis and the interaction of the numerous factors involved, the etiology and pathogenesis of AD have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, effective treatment for AD remains to be developed. Evodiamine, a quinolone alkaloid, has been found to improve learning and memory ability to in the APPswe/PS1△E9 mouse model of dementia. However, the cytotoxicity and physicochemical properties of evodiamine have limited its use in the treatment of AD.MethodsEvodiamine and its derivatives were effectively synthesized by EDCI‐mediated condensation at room temperature. These target compounds contained 1 thio‐ and 21 oxo‐evodiamine derivatives with different substituted groups. The cytotoxicity of evodiamine and its derivatives and the neuroprotective effects of the evodiamine derivatives against H2O2‐induced cell loss in SH‐SY5Y cells were investigated using the WST‐8 assay. The Morris water‐maze test was used to detect the effect of evodiamine and its derivatives on improving learning and memory in APPswe/PS1△E9 mice.ResultsIn this study, a series of oxo‐ and thio‐evodiamine derivatives was synthesized. Several derivatives showed lower cytotoxicity and stronger neuroprotective effects than evodiamine and elicited enhanced cognitive improvement, especially in the test of spatial memory in APPswe/PS1△E9 mice.ConclusionOur study provides insights for developing novel evodiamine derivatives for chemical intervention and treatment of AD.
Rapid development and deployment of high‐volume vaccines for pandemic response
Authors: Kis Zoltán , Kontoravdi Cleo , Dey Antu K. , Shattock Robin , Shah Nilay 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOvercoming pandemics, such as the current Covid‐19 outbreak, requires the manufacture of several billion doses of vaccines within months. This is an extremely challenging task given the constraints in small‐scale manufacturing for clinical trials, clinical testing timelines involving multiple phases and large‐scale drug substance and drug product manufacturing. To tackle these challenges, regulatory processes are fast‐tracked, and rapid‐response manufacturing platform technologies are used. Here, we evaluate the current progress, challenges ahead and potential solutions for providing vaccines for pandemic response at an unprecedented scale and rate. Emerging rapid‐response vaccine platform technologies, especially RNA platforms, offer a high productivity estimated at over 1 billion doses per year with a small manufacturing footprint and low capital cost facilities. The self‐amplifying RNA (saRNA) drug product cost is estimated at below 1 USD/dose. These manufacturing processes and facilities can be decentralized to facilitate production, distribution, but also raw material supply. The RNA platform technology can be complemented by an a priori Quality by Design analysis aided by computational modeling in order to assure product quality and further speed up the regulatory approval processes when these platforms are used for epidemic or pandemic response in the future.
Hollow Carbon Sphere Nanoreactors Loaded with PdCu Nanoparticles: Void‐Confinement Effects in Liquid‐Phase Hydrogenations
Authors: Dong Chao , Yu Qun , Ye Run‐Ping , Su Panpan , Liu Jian , Wang Guang‐Hui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNanoreactors with hollow structures have attracted great interest in catalysis research due to their void‐confinement effects. However, the challenge in unambiguously unraveling these confinement effects is to decouple them from other factors affecting catalysis. Here, we synthesize a pair of hollow carbon sphere (HCS) nanoreactors with presynthesized PdCu nanoparticles encapsulated inside of HCS (PdCu@HCS) and supported outside of HCS (PdCu/HCS), respectively, while keeping other structural features the same. Based on the two comparative nanoreactors, void‐confinement effects in liquid‐phase hydrogenation are investigated in a two‐chamber reactor. It is found that hydrogenations over PdCu@HCS are shape‐selective catalysis, can be accelerated (accumulation of reactants), decelerated (mass transfer limitation), and even inhibited (molecular‐sieving effect); conversion of the intermediate in the void space can be further promoted. Using this principle, a specific imine is selectively produced. This work provides a proof of concept for fundamental catalytic action of the hollow nanoreactors.
Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Oxidative α‐Azidation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Uyanik Muhammet , Sahara Naoto , Tsukahara Mayuko , Hattori Yuhei , Ishihara Kazuaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe report high‐performance I+/H2O2 catalysis for the oxidative or decarboxylative oxidative α‐azidation of carbonyl compounds by using sodium azide under biphasic neutral phase‐transfer conditions. To induce higher reactivity especially for the α‐azidation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, we designed a structurally compact isoindoline‐derived quaternary ammonium iodide catalyst bearing electron‐withdrawing groups. The nonproductive decomposition pathways of I+/H2O2 catalysis could be suppressed by the use of a catalytic amount of a radical‐trapping agent. This oxidative coupling tolerates a variety of functional groups and could be readily applied to the late‐stage α‐azidation of structurally diverse complex molecules. Moreover, we achieved the enantioselective α‐azidation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds as the first successful example of enantioselective intermolecular oxidative coupling with a chiral hypoiodite catalyst.
Swelling behavior of expandable poly(methyl methacrylate‐acrylic acid)/polymethyl methacrylate bio‐composites with different crosslinking densities
Authors: Chen Lei , Tang Yufei , Zhao Kang , Jiang Xiashu , Zhou Xuerui , Wu Zixiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe volume shrinkage of poly(methyl methacrylate‐acrylic acid) (PMMA) bone cement was mainly tackled by the different types and contents of the hydrophilic additives. While the crosslinking density was assumed to regulate the hydrophilic group amounts and 3D network structures in the additives, which influenced the absorption and swelling capacity of the PMMA‐based bone cement. In this study, the expandable PMMA/polymethyl methacrylate bio‐composites (EBC) with different N, N‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) contents were synthesized to investigate the relationship between the crosslinking density and swelling performance, and also promoted the absorption and swelling properties before the solidification of EBC. The results demonstrated that the equilibrium absorption ratio and the equilibrium swelling ratio both exhibited a normal distribution with the various MBA content. In addition, the controlled absorption ratio (7.3–60.2%) and swelling ratio (8.5–61.8%) of EBC could be obtained by altering crosslinking density in the system. Furthermore, EBC could obtain a similar equilibrium absorption ratio and equilibrium swelling ratio with different mechanical properties, which provided more options for meeting the requirements of EBC in different clinical settings.
Cultural factors and the role of privacy concerns in acceptance of government surveillance
Authors: Thompson Nik , McGill Tanya , Bunn Anna , Alexander Rukshan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThough there is a tension between citizens' privacy concerns and their acceptance of government surveillance, there is little systematic research in this space and less still in a cross‐cultural context. We address the research gap by modeling the factors that drive public acceptance of government surveillance, and by exploring the influence of national culture. The research involved an online survey of 242 Australian and Sri Lankan residents. Data were analyzed using partial least squares, revealing that privacy concerns around initial collection of citizens' data influenced levels of acceptance of surveillance in Australia but not Sri Lanka, whereas concerns about secondary use of data did not influence levels of acceptance in either country. These findings suggest that respondents conflate surveillance with the collection of data and may not consider subsequent secondary use. We also investigate cultural differences, finding that societal collectivism and power distance significantly affect the strength of the relationships between privacy concerns and acceptance of surveillance, on the one hand, and adoption of privacy protections, on the other. Our research also considers the role of trust in government, and perceived need for surveillance. Findings are discussed with their implications for theory and practice.
Quantitative analysis of amino acids by HPLC in dried blood and urine in the neonatal period: Establishment of reference values
Authors: Nolasco Daniela M. , Fortes Isabel C. P. , Valadares Eugênia R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractQuantitative analysis of amino acids in blood and urine is primarily indicated for the diagnosis of amino acid disorders. The high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique is frequently used for this detection. The frequency of sample collection on filter paper has been increasing exponentially, and there are many advantages attributed to processing biological samples in this way. The aim of this study was to validate a quantitative analysis of amino acids by HPLC in blood and urine collected on filter paper and to establish reference values in the neonatal period. Dried blood and dried urine samples of respectively 58 and 45 healthy newborns (2–9 days) were collected. Pre‐treatment and extraction of samples were done according to the literature. Separation and analysis of amino acids were carried out by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The developed method demonstrated excellent separation, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, repeatability and recovery. The reference values for 17 amino acids were defined in dried blood and urine samples of newborns. This work presents a simple, fast and effective method for the simultaneous analysis of 17 amino acids in blood and urine collected on filter paper in a single run. The reference values were established and validated.
Clinical and cytopathological characteristics of HTLV‐1+ hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kobata Katsumi , Kimura Shoichi , Mihashi Yasuhito , Iwasaki Hiromi , Nonaka Shuichi , Matsumoto Shinji , Takamatsu Yasushi , Choi Ilseung , Kawauchi Shigeto , Ishitsuka Kenji , Takeshita Morishige 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman T‐lymphotropic virus‐1 (HTLV‐1)+ Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is difficult to differentiate from adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) with HL‐like histology (HL‐like ATLL).MethodsCytological and immunohistological features, HTLV‐1 proviral DNA integration, and rearrangements of the T‐cell receptor (TCR) Cβ1 gene were examined in 11 HTLV‐1+ patients with HL‐like disease.ResultsSix patients were classified as HTLV‐1+ HL and five as HL‐like ATLL in accordance with genetic findings of HTLV‐1 proviral DNA integration and rearrangements of the TCR Cβ1 gene. Small ordinary looking lymphocytes with round nuclei were detected in the background of six patients with HTLV‐1+ HL, which were immunohistochemically negative for CD25 and CC chemokine receptor (CCR)4 and had a low MIB1 labeling index (mean: 28.3%). In the HL‐like ATLL specimens, small‐ and medium‐sized atypical lymphocytes with indented and irregular‐shaped nuclei were found, and were diffusely positive for CD25 and CCR4, with high MIB1 labeling (mean: 76%). Both groups had scattered CD30+ and CD15+ Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg (RS) giant cells, with or without CD20 expression and Epstein‐Barr virus infection. The 50% overall survival period was significantly longer for the HTLV‐1+ HL group (180 months) than for the HL‐like ATLL group (7.8 months; P = .004).ConclusionsHTLV‐1+ HL showed typical small lymphoid cells with a low MIB1 labeling index in a background of Hodgkin and RS cells, with some scattered CD25+ and CCR4+ lymphocytes. In HTLV‐1 endemic areas, distinguishing HTLV‐1+ HL from HL‐like ATLL is important because of their differing treatment strategies and prognoses.
NaBH4 Surface Modification on CeO2 Nanorods Supported Transition‐Metal Catalysts for Low Temperature CO Oxidation
Authors: Wang Yifan , Liu Zhongqi , Wang Ruigang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this report, CeO2 nanorods (CeO2NR) were first chemically etched by different amounts (0.6, 3 and 6 wt %) of NaBH4, which were employed to understand the etching effect on the support structure, surface defects, and reducibility of modified CeO2NR supports. The 6 wt % NaBH4 etched CeO2NR was further used as support materials to load transition‐metals (TM: Cu, Co, Ni, Fe and Mn) catalysts, in order to investigate the support etching effect on the reducibility and catalytic performance of CeO2NR supported TM catalysts. In comparison with the catalytic performance of CeO2NR supported TM catalysts in literature, the 6 wt % NaBH4 etched CeO2NR supported catalysts show clearly enhanced CO oxidation performance at lower temperature, which is mainly attributed to the created surface defects by boron doped CeO2 surface during NaBH4 chemical etching and strong metal‐support interaction.
Interpretation of chemical data from glass analysis for forensic purposes
Authors: Akmeemana Anuradha , Weis Peter , Corzo Ruthmara , Ramos Daniel , Zoon Peter , Trejos Tatiana , Ernst Troy , Pollock Chip , Bakowska Ela , Neumann Cedric , Almirall Jose 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aims of evaluating forensic evidence are to provide a transparent, coherent, and unbiased opinion of the value of the evidence to fact‐finders. Measurements from glass evidence in a hit‐and‐run, for example, can help decide if a particular vehicle was involved in the accident. The evaluation involves the comparison of the physical, optical, and chemical properties of the glass recovered from the broken window with glass fragments suspected of originating from the window. A standard method (ASTM E2927‐16e1) describes a consensus‐based approach to sampling, sample preparation, quantitative analysis and “match” criterion for comparison of chemical properties. The result is a binary decision of either finding a difference in the elemental composition (exclusion) or a failure to exclude, based on elemental composition. This study demonstrates the utility of likelihood ratio (LR) calculations using novel datasets of glass samples of known manufacturing history. The LRs calculated from comparing glass manufactured at three different plants over relatively short periods (over 2‐6 weeks) range from very low values (LR ~ 10−3) when the glass are manufactured at different plants or manufactured weeks‐months apart in the same plant to very high values (LR ~ 103) when the glass samples are manufactured on the same day. Although the glass samples being compared may not originate from the same broken window source, they do exhibit chemical similarity within these lower and upper bounds and the LRs presented here, for the first time, closely correlate chemical relatedness to manufacturing history, specifically the time interval between production. The work presented here supports the use of the match criteria recommended within ASTM E2927‐16e1 and provides a data‐driven path forward to expand on the interpretation of glass using LRs.
Multifunctional Electrocatalytic Cathodes Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks for Advanced Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Abdelkader Ahmed A. , Rodene Dylan D. , Norouzi Nazgol , Alzharani Ahmed , Weeraratne K. Shamara , Gupta Ram B. , El‐Kaderi Hani M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe rechargeable lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) battery is a promising candidate for the next generation of energy storage technology, owing to the high theoretical capacity, high specific energy density, and low cost of electrode materials. The main drawbacks in the development of long‐life Li‐S batteries are capacity fading and the sluggish kinetics at the cathode caused by the polysulfides shuttle. These limitations are addressed through the design of novel nanocages containing cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanoparticles embedded in highly porous nitrogen‐doped carbon (CoP‐N‐GC) by thermal annealing of ZIF‐67 in a reductive atmosphere followed by a phosphidation step using sodium hypophosphite. The CoP nanoparticles, with large surface area and uniform homogeneous distribution within the N‐doped nanocage graphitic carbon, act as electrocatalysts to suppress the shuttle of soluble polysulfides through strong chemical interactions and catalyze the sulfur redox. As a result, the S@CoP‐N‐GC electrode delivers an extremely high specific capacity of 1410 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C (1 C=1675 mA g−1) with an excellent coulombic efficiency of 99.7 %. Moreover, capacity retention from 864 to 678 mA h g−1 is obtained after 460 cycles with a very low decay rate of 0.046 % per cycle at 0.5 C. Therefore, the combination of the CoP catalyst and polar conductive porous carbon effectively stabilizes the sulfur cathode, enhancing the electrochemical performance and stability of the battery.
Next‐generation sequencing of residual cytologic fixative preserved DNA from pancreatic lesions: A pilot study
Authors: Fulmer Clifton G. , Park Kyung , Dilcher Thomas , Ho Mai , Mirabelli Susanna , Alperstein Susan , Hissong Erika M. , Pittman Meredith , Siddiqui Momin , Heymann Jonas J. , Yantiss Rhonda K. , Borczuk Alain C. , Fernandes Helen , Sigel Carlie , Song Wei , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Rao Rema 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundEndoscopic ultrasound–guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) is a sensitive and specific tool in the risk stratification of pancreatic lesions, including cysts. The sensitivity and specificity of EUS‐FNA has been shown to improve when cytology is combined with next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Ideally, fresh cyst fluid is used for NGS. In this pilot study, we explore the possibility of sequencing DNA derived from residual alcohol‐fixed pancreatic aspirates.MethodsResidual cytologic fixatives (n = 42) from 39 patients who underwent EUS‐FNA for pancreatic lesions were collected along with demographics, imaging, and laboratory studies. Samples were designated as nonneoplastic/nonmucinous benign (NB), mucinous cyst (MC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), or well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) on the basis of cytopathologic evaluation and sequenced on the Oncomine platform (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts).ResultsTen of 14 (71.4%) MCs exhibited clinically significant variants, including KRAS, GNAS, and TP53. Ten of 15 (66.7%) PDACs had KRAS alterations, and 9 of 15 (60%) showed variants in TP53. No variants were detected in any NETs. Only 1 of 9 (11.1%) NB aspirates showed variants in KRAS and MAP2K. Sequencing of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue revealed variants identical to those detected in fixative‐derived DNA in 4 of 5 cases (80%).ConclusionResidual DNA from alcohol‐fixed aspirates are an underutilized source for NGS. Sequencing residual fixative‐derived DNA has the potential to be integrated into the workup of pancreatic aspirates, possibly impacting management.
Supervised link prediction using structured‐based feature extraction in social network
Authors: Kumari Anisha , Behera Ranjan Kumar , Sahoo Kshira Sagar , Nayyar Anand , Kumar Luhach Ashish , Prakash Sahoo Satya 
Published: June 2020

SummarySocial network analysis (SNA) has attracted a lot of attention in several domains in the past decades. It can be of 2‐folds: one is content‐based, and another one is structured‐based analysis. Link prediction is one of the emerging research problems, which comes under structured‐based analysis that deals with predicting the missing link, which is likely to appear in the future. In this article, the supervised machine learning techniques have been implemented to predict the possibilities of establishing the links in future. The major contribution in this article lies in feature construction from the topological structure of the network. Several structured‐based similarity measures have been considered for preparing the feature vector for each nonexisting links in the network. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been extensively validated by comparing with other link prediction algorithms using both real‐world and synthetic data sets.