bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of elements and their correlation in bran, polished rice, and whole grain
Authors: Yao Bao‐Min , Chen Peng , Sun Guo‐Xin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe relationship of toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr) and trace elements (Cu, Se, Ni, Zn, Mn) in rice bran and corresponding polished rice is not well known. A total of 446 rice grains were collected from paddy fields distributed across China, and the concentrations of 8 elements in rice bran and their corresponding polished rice were measured. The levels of As, Cd, Cr, and Se have a good linear relationship between rice bran and polished rice (R2: .79, .97, .82, .99, respectively; all p < .001). Polishing rice could effectively remove the average contents of 44.4% As, 19.8% Cd, and 15.4% Cr in the whole grain, but caused the substantial losses of more than half of Mn and Ni (57.7% and 56.9%), and nearly one‐third (30.9%, 31.5%, and 29.1%) of Cu, Se, and Zn in brown rice although only about 10% of rice bran was milled. The "L" type correlation exists not only between As and Cd, but also between the nutrients Se, Mn, Ni, and the toxic elements As, Cd. These results indicated that As accumulation in rice could reduce the levels of essential mineral nutrients Mn, Ni, and Se. On the contrary, improving nutrient elements by fertilization could decrease the accumulation of some toxic elements. This provides a practical new idea for the prevention and control of rice As or Cd, and concomitantly improves the deficiency of nutrient elements in rice.
Long‐term hydrologic recovery after wildfire and post‐fire forest management in the interior Pacific Northwest
Authors: Niemeyer Ryan J. , Bladon Kevin D. , Woodsmith Richard D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractElevated wildfire activity in many regions in recent decades has increased concerns about the short‐ and long‐term effects on water quantity, quality, and aquatic ecosystem health. Often, loss of canopy interception and transpiration, along with changes in soil structural properties, leads to elevated total annual water yields, peak flows, and low flows. Post‐fire land management treatments are often used to promote forest regeneration and mitigate effects to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, few studies have investigated the longer‐term effects of either wildfire or post‐fire land management on catchment hydrology. Our objectives were to quantify and compare the short‐ and longer‐term effects of both wildfire and post‐fire forest management treatments on annual discharge, peak flows, low flows, and evapotranspiration (AET). We analyzed ten years of pre‐fire data, along with post‐fire data from 1 to 7 and 35 to 41 years after wildfire burned three experimental catchments in the Entiat Experimental Forest (EEF) in the Pacific Northwest, USA. After the fire, two of the catchments were salvage logged, aerially seeded, and fertilized, while the third catchment remained as a burned reference. We observed increases in annual discharge (150–202%), peak flows (234–283%), and low flows (42–81%), along with decreases in AET (34–45%), across all three study catchments in the first seven year period after the EEF wildfire. Comparatively, annual discharge, peak flows, lows flows, and AET had returned to pre‐fire levels 35–41 years after the EEF fire in the two salvage logged and seeded catchments. Surprisingly, in the catchment that was burned but not actively managed, the annual discharge and runoff ratios remained elevated, while AET remained lower, during the period 35–41 years after the EEF fire. We posit that differences in long‐term hydrologic recovery across catchments were driven by delayed vegetation recovery in the unmanaged catchment. Our study demonstrates that post‐fire land management decisions have the potential to produce meaningful differences in the long‐term recovery of catchment‐scale ecohydrologic processes and streamflow.
Impairment of mitochondrial dynamics involved in iron oxide nanoparticle‐induced dysfunction of dendritic cells was alleviated by autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine
Authors: Zhang Tian‐guang , Zhang Yu‐long , Zhou Qian‐qian , Wang Xiao‐hui , Zhan Lin‐sheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIron oxide nanoparticles are nanomaterials that are used extensively in the biomedical field, but they are associated with adverse effects, including mitochondrial toxicity. Mitochondrial homeostasis is achieved through dynamic stability based on two sets of antagonistic balanced processes: mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation as well as mitochondrial fission and fusion. In this study, we showed that PEG‐COOH‐coated Fe3O4 (PEG‐Fe3O4) nanoparticles induced mitochondrial instability in dendritic cells (DCs) by impairing mitochondrial dynamics due to promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis through activation of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) pathway, inhibiting mitochondrial degradation via decreased autophagy, and facilitating mitochondrial fragmentation involving increased levels of DRP1 and MFN2. The resulting reduced levels of dextran uptake, CD80, CD86 and chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) suggested that PEG‐Fe3O4 nanoparticles impaired the functionally immature state of DCs. Autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) alleviated PEG‐Fe3O4 nanoparticle‐induced mitochondrial instability and impairment of the functionally immature state of DCs due to unexpected enhancement of PGC1α/MFN2‐mediated coordination of mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion.
Long noncoding RNA linc00467 plays an oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the miR‐18a‐5p/NEDD9 axis
Authors: Zheng Yuanwen , Nie Peihua , Xu Shifeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIncreasing evidence has shown that numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis. Herein, we investigated the biological role of lncRNA linc00467 in the cancer biology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We observed that linc00467 was upregulated in HCC tissues and cells. Silencing of linc00467 using small interfering RNA interference significantly inhibited the growth and motility of HCC cells, and increased cell apoptosis through regulating the Bcl‐2/Bax axis and the caspase cascade, suggesting that linc00467 exerted oncogenic functions in the progression of HCC. Moreover, we found that linc00467 could target miR‐18a‐5p, and NEDD9 was a target for miR‐18a‐5p in HCC cells. Furthermore, either the miR‐18a‐5p inhibitor or upregulation of NEDD9 could recover the inhibitory effects caused by silencing of linc00467. In conclusion, our data highlighted the oncogenic role of linc00467 in HCC progression by regulating the miR‐18a‐5p/NEDD9 axis.
FOXC1 negatively regulates BMP‐SMAD activity and Id1 expression during osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Caddy Jordan C. , Luoma Leiah M. , Berry Fred B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBone morphogenetic proteins regulate a diverse range of biological processes through their activation of SMAD1, SMAD5, or SMAD8 proteins that, in turn, regulate gene expression. These SMAD transcription factors achieve a layer of functional specificity in different cell types largely through actions with additional transcriptional regulatory molecules. In this study, we demonstrate that the forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) transcription factor can modulate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling to impair the expression of BMP4‐responsive genes and prevent the efficient osteoblast differentiation. We demonstrate that repression occurs downstream of BMP signaling and impacts the ability SMAD1 or SMAD5 to activate gene expression. Repression of SMAD activity requires FOXC1 DNA‐binding capacity and the transcriptional inhibitory domain of FOXC1. We report that FOXC1 inhibits BMP4 induction of Id1 expression and identify a motif in the regulatory region of mouse Id1 gene that FOXC1 binds. We determine that this inhibition by FOXC1 binding does not affect SMAD1, SMAD5, or SMAD8 binding to its target sequence in the Id1 gene. Finally, we determine that the elevated expression of FOXC1 can reduces expression osteogenic differentiation genes in mouse embryonic stems directed to the osteoblast lineage through BMP4 treatment. Together, these findings indicate that FOXC1 can negatively regulate certain aspects of BMP4 signaling required for osteoblast differentiation. We propose that FOXC1 acts to attenuate the initial BMP‐activated pathways that establish osteoblast differentiation and allow for terminal osteoblast differentiation to conclude.
Ablation of PKM2 ameliorated ER stress‐induced apoptosis and associated inflammation response in IL‐1β‐treated chondrocytes via blocking Rspo2‐mediated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Li Zhi Zhou , Wang Fei , Liu Shuang , Li Hui , Wang Yang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the related apoptosis and inflammation damage play key roles in osteoarthritis development. The aim of the present work was to investigate the exact role and potential underlying mechanism of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in rat chondrocytes exposed to interleukin‐Iβ (IL‐1β). We observed that IL‐1β stimulation resulted in an apparent enhancement in PKM2 expression. Additionally, loss of PKM2 evidently ascended cell viability in response to IL‐1β exposure. Simultaneously, elimination of PKM2 manifestly repressed IL‐1β‐stimulated chondrocyte apoptosis, concomitant with attenuated in the proapoptotic protein markers Bax and cleaved caspase‐3, and elevated the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2. In the meanwhile, knockdown of PKM2 ameliorated ER stress in IL‐1β‐treated chondrocytes, as evidenced by reduced expression of the ER stress‐associated proteins GRP78, CHOP, and cleaved caspase‐12. Furthermore, PKM2 silencing protected chondrocytes against IL‐1β‐triggered inflammatory response, as reflected by the downregulated release of proinflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor‐α, IL‐6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase‐2, and prostaglandin E2, as well as decreased nitric oxide generation. More important, abrogating PKM2 expression caused a marked decline in Rspo2 expression, and subsequently blocked Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Mechanistically, the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling activator Licl effectively impeded the beneficial effects of PKM2 ablation on IL‐1β‐stimulated apoptosis and inflammatory response. These findings collectively implicated that PKM2 inhibition protected against ER stress‐mediated cell apoptosis and inflammatory injury in rat chondrocytes stimulated with IL‐1β by inactivating Rspo2‐mediated Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, and may represented a novel therapeutic target for osteoarthritis.
Expanded newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism by tandem mass spectrometry in newborns from Xinxiang city in China
Authors: Ma Shujun , Guo Qinghe , Zhang Zhongxin , He Zhian , Yue Aizhi , Song Zhishan , Zhao Qingwei , Wang Xia , Sun Ruili 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTandem mass spectrometry is a powerful technology available in China over the last 15 years. The development of tandem mass spectrometry had made it possible to rapidly screen newborns for inborn errors of metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the birth incidence of inborn errors of metabolism through expanded screening of newborns by tandem mass spectrometry in Xinxiang area.MethodsDried blood spots from 50 112 newborns were assessed for inborn errors of metabolism by tandem mass spectrometry. The diagnoses were confirmed based on the clinical features, conventional laboratory tests, and the organic acid levels tested in urine by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry.ResultsThe study findings revealed that 31 newborns were diagnosed with inborn errors of metabolism. The total incidence rate of inborn errors of metabolism was 1/1617, and these included 16 cases of amino acid disorders (51.6%), nine cases of organic acid disorders (29.0%), and 6 (19.4%) cases of fatty acid beta‐oxidation disorders.ConclusionsThe screening for the incidence of inborn errors of metabolism in Xinxiang area showed that the rate was higher than previously reported. This study provides valuable data which may be useful in facilitating improvements in the expansion of screening to enable early diagnosis and treatment of inborn errors of metabolism before the onset of symptoms.
Novel classifiers with clinical laboratory parameters for early detection of osteosarcoma
Authors: Cao Lin‐Lin , Chen Zhaoming , Yue Zhihong , Pei Lin , Jia Mei , Wang Hui , Li Tingting 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundOsteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common malignant bone tumors. It is essential to explore early diagnostic indicators with high sensitivity and specificity due to the rapid progression and metastasis of OS and the poor survival of metastatic OS patients. However, a few indicators of diagnostic significance have been described.MethodsA total of 458 OS patients, 312 healthy individuals, and 228 patients with primary benign bone lesions were included. Logistic regression was performed on 46 clinical laboratory parameters to establish the diagnostic classifiers, which were evaluated by analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsWe established three diagnostic classifiers, called Cos for all ages, Clos for low ages, and Chos for high ages, with clinical laboratory parameters to distinguish OS from healthy individuals. All classifiers showed better diagnostic performances than alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the independent validation cohort. In addition, these classifiers had better ability than ALP to discriminate OS from primary benign bone lesions. Furthermore, Cos, Clos, and Chos had larger AUC than ALP to identify small‐size and early‐stage OS and could also detect ALP‐negative OS effectively.ConclusionOur study suggests the potential of Cos, Clos, and Chos as non‐invasive biomarkers for early OS.
Group metacognitive therapy for adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders: A pilot study
Authors: Thorslund Johanna , McEvoy Peter M. , Anderson Rebecca A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective(s)The metacognitive model suggests that beliefs about cognition maintain repetitive negative thinking (RNT), a transdiagnostic process that underlies commonly comorbid, emotional disorders. To date, there has been the limited application of metacognitive therapy (MCT) to adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate a six‐session group transdiagnostic MCT program for adolescents with anxiety and/or depressive disorders.MethodParticipants (N = 10; 3 male, 7 female; average age 15.2 years) completed measures of metacognition and RNT at assessment, baseline period, during treatment, and at 1‐ and 3‐month follow‐ups.ResultsNine participants attended all six treatment sessions and one discontinued after four sessions. At posttreatment and follow‐ups, the majority of participants no longer met diagnostic criteria for anxiety or depressive disorders and evidenced a clinically significant or reliable change in metacognitions and RNT.ConclusionsResults suggest that group MCT is promising in terms of acceptability and effectiveness for adolescents with anxiety and/or depressive disorders.
Nutrition interventions to treat low muscle mass in cancer
Authors: Prado Carla M. , Purcell Sarah A. , Laviano Alessandro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMany patients with cancer experience poor nutritional status, which detrimentally impacts clinical outcomes. Poor nutritional status in cancer is primarily manifested by severe muscle mass (MM) depletion, which may occur at any stage (from curative to palliative) and often co‐exists with obesity. The objective of this article was to discuss gaps and opportunities related to the role of nutrition in preventing and reversing low MM in cancer. It also provides a narrative review of relevant nutritional interventions for patients capable of oral intake. The impact of nutrition interventions to prevent/treat low MM in cancer is not well understood, potentially due to the limited number of studies and of clinically viable, accurate body composition assessment tools. Additionally, the type of study designs, inclusion criteria, length of intervention, and choice of nutritional strategies have not been optimal, likely underestimating the anabolic potential of nutrition interventions. Nutrition studies are also often of short duration, and interventions that adapt to the metabolic and behavioural changes during the clinical journey are needed. We discuss energy requirements (25–30 kcal/kg/day) and interventions of protein (1.0–1.5 g/kg/day), branched‐chain amino acids (leucine: 2–4 g/day), β‐hydroxy β‐methylbutyrate (3 g/day), glutamine (0.3 g/kg/day), carnitine (4–6 g/day), creatine (5 g/day), fish oil/eicosapentanoic acid (2.0–2.2 g/day EPA and 1.5 g/day DHA), vitamin/minerals (e.g. vitamin D: 600–800 international units per day), and multimodal approaches (nutrition, exercise, and pharmaceutical) to countermeasure low MM in cancer. Although the evidence is variable by modality type, interventions were generally not specifically studied in the context of cancer. Understanding patients' nutritional requirements could lead to targeted prescriptions to prevent or attenuate low MM in cancer, with the overall aim of minimizing muscle loss during anti‐cancer therapy and maximizing muscle anabolism during recovery. It is anticipated that this will, in turn, improve overall health and prognostication including tolerance to treatment and survival. However, oncology‐specific interventions with more robust study designs are needed to facilitate these goals.
Tailoring photocatalysts and elucidating mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) in water: a comparative overview
Authors: Do Huu‐Tuan , Phan Thi Lan‐Anh , Dao Nguyen Ngoc Han , Huang Chao‐Wei , Le Quyet Van , Nguyen Van‐Huy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), as the most important representative of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), is environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative. Among treatment techniques for PFOA decomposition, photocatalytic degradation of PFOA has received considerable attention. A series of candidate photocatalytic materials, including TiO2‐, carbonaceous‐, Ga2O3‐, In2O3‐based, etc., have been successfully proposed to eliminate PFOA. Overall, there are two types of mechanisms for photocatalytic degradation of PFCAs, including conventional mechanism and charge transfer mechanism. For a conventional mechanism, the mechanism of PFOA photodegradation over bulk TiO2 via two pathways: photo‐redox and β‐scission. For the charge transfer mechanism, the PFOA degradation pathway in water‐soluble H3PW12O40 is mainly via charge‐transfer excited complex ([PW12O40]3−*). Finally, attention on critical challenges and prospects for photodegradation of PFOA are also intensified. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Microplastics in soils: a review of possible sources, analytical methods and ecological impacts
Authors: Zhang Bin , Yang Xin , Chen Liang , Chao Jinyu , Teng Jia , Wang Qing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicroplastics are emerging persistent pollutants that have been extensively detected in aqueous environments. Yet, scientists have little knowledge of microplastic pollution in soils. This study reviewed over 60 articles, with the following objectives: (i) to discuss sources and the global distribution of microplastics in soils; (ii) to evaluate current extraction techniques and analytical methods for microplastics in soils; and (iii) to comprehensively assess their adverse impacts on soils and soil organisms. Moreover, this review highlights the lack of research into microplastic contamination in soils as a significant knowledge gap. Research into the fate, sources and analytical techniques of soil microplastics and the interactions between soil organisms, soils and microplastics is essential in order to underpin management decisions aimed at safeguarding the ecological integrity of our soils. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus recovery from liquid swine wastes: a review
Authors: Montalvo Silvio , Huiliñir César , Castillo Alejandra , Pagés‐Díaz Jhosané , Guerrero Lorna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDue to the pollution characteristics of the wastewater generated in piggeries, these waste streams have to be treated before discharging into the environment. These wastes have a high content of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus that can be converted or recovered into valuable products. The valuation of swine waste by anaerobic digestion has already been assessed, but no systematic review on the technologies used for recovering nutrients from this waste has been reported to date. Therefore, the present work has the goal of presenting the most studied technologies to different scales of recovery of carbon (i.e. organic matter), nitrogen and phosphorus from swine waste. The main characteristics and parameters of the processes involved in these technologies (mainly air stripping, membrane, enhance biological phosphorus removal and struvite formation) are also highlighted, pointing out its advantages and disadvantages and posing some final feasibility considerations on the subject addressed. Experiments reported in the literature proved that technologies used for nutrient recovery from swine waste are mostly applied to the effluents previously treated by anaerobic digestion as a primary treatment, and greater effort is required for the future implementation of these technologies in large scale. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Halide perovskite photocatalysis: progress and perspectives
Authors: Huynh Kim Anh , Nguyen Dang Le Tri , Nguyen Van‐Huy , Vo Dai‐Viet N , Trinh Quang Thang , Nguyen Thang Phan , Kim Soo Young , Le Quyet Van 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOrganic–inorganic metal halide perovskites (HPs) have emerged as new frontier materials for optoelectronic and energy applications. In addition to various well‐known applications, such as solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, and resistive switching memories, HPs can be utilized as efficient photocatalysts for numerous electrochemical reactions, including carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction reactions, hydrogen evolution reaction, photosynthesis, and wastewater treatment. However, the use of HPs toward photo‐driven catalysis remains a tremendous challenge owing to their poor stability in polar solvents. Nevertheless, huge progress has been made to counter this critical issue for improving the performance of HPs as efficient photocatalysts in a wide range of applications. In this review, we first introduce the structures and properties of HPs. Next, we highlight the recent approaches on the fabrication of HPs, including thin films and nanostructures. Strategies for implementing HPs in catalysis systems and their working mechanisms are thoroughly summarized and discussed. Lastly, the current challenges and prospects of the application of HPs toward photocatalytic reactions are fully addressed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry