bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring the Interfacial Composition of Heterostructure InP Quantum Dots for Efficient Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Shin Seungki , Lee Yunseo , Kim Jeon , Na Jina , Gwak Namyoung , Kim Seongchan , Seo Jaeyoung , Yoon Chong Seung , Oh Nuri 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe formation of core–shell quantum dots (QDs) with type‐I band alignment results in surface passivation, ensuring the efficient confinement of excitons for light‐emitting applications. In such cases, the atomic composition at the core–shell heterojunction significantly affects the optical, and electrical properties of the QDs. However, for InP cores, shell materials are limited to compositions consisting of II–VI group elements. The restricted selection of shell materials leads to an interfacial misfit, resulting in a charge imbalance at the core–shell heterojunction. In this study, the effect of interfacial stoichiometry is investigated on the optical, and electrical properties of InP core–shell QDs. Direct Se injection strategy is employed during the synthesis of the InP core to regulate the interfacial chemical composition, resulting in the formation of an InZnSe alloy on the core surface. This InZnSe layer reduces the misfit between the InP core, and ZnSe shell, leading to a remarkable photoluminescence quantum yield of 95% with a narrow emission bandwidth of 34 nm. The InZnSe interlayer significantly influences the electroluminescence (EL) processes, increasing the charge injection efficiency, and mitigating charge imbalance. A green‐emitting EL device is demonstrated with a maximum luminance of 26370 cd m−2, and a peak current efficiency of 31.5 cd A−1.
Molecular Design and Alignment for Ambipolar SCLC Mobility in Self‐Assembled Columnar Discogens
Authors: De Joydip , De Ritobrata , Bala Indu , Gupta Santosh Prasad , Yadav Rahul Singh , Pandey Upendra Kumar , Pal Santanu Kumar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe future of next‐generation electronics relies on low‐cost organic semiconductors that are tailored to simultaneously provide all requisite optoelectronic properties, focusing greatly on ambipolar charge‐transport and solution processability. In this regard, room‐temperature discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) are potential candidates, where quasi‐1D self‐assembly affords a charge‐transport channel along their columnar axis. This work shows a molecular design strategy by utilizing anthraquinone as the primary motif, surrounded by ester functionalized tri‐alkoxy phenyl units to develop room‐temperature DLCs (1.1–1.3). Here, the polar ester functionality stabilizes the columnar mesophase over a wide range through the involvement of dipole‐dipole interaction along with the π–π stacking. Throughout the entire mesophase transition, reported compounds 1.1–1.3 exhibit a highly ordered 2D columnar oblique (Colob) self‐assembly. Space charge limited current (SCLC) experiments reveal balanced ambipolar charge transport, with the maximum hole and electron mobilities of 5.04 and 4.93 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. From the conoscopic results, their propensity to align in a highly homeotropic fashion is demonstrated. It is further justified by the azimuthal plot corresponding to the (11) peak of grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS), denoting the crucial role of the design and alignment for efficient movement of charge carriers in the material.
A High‐Resolution Microscopy System for Biological Studies of Cold‐Adapted Species Under Physiological Conditions
Authors: Marty Anne‐Pia M. , Ward Edward N. , Lamb Jacob R. , van Tartwijk Francesca W. , Peck Lloyd S. , Clark Melody S. , Kaminski Clemens F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Antarctic seabed harbors significant biodiversity, and almost 90% of oceanic environments are permanently below 5 °C (i.e., deep sea and polar regions). However, organisms whose entire lifecycle occurs around 0 °C are understudied, leaving this large and diverse proportion of the global biome poorly understood. To address this question at the cellular level, tools are required for high‐resolution imaging of biological systems under physiological conditions. This poses severe technical challenges. High‐resolution imaging objectives require short working distances and immersion media, causing rapid heat transfer from the microscope to the sample. This affects the viability of live specimens and the interpretability of results. Here, we present a method for high‐fidelity imaging of live biological samples at temperatures of around, or below, 0 °C. It relies on hardware additions to traditional microscopy, namely as a cooling collar, 10% ethanol as an immersion medium, and nitrogen flow to reduce condensation It can be straightforwardly implemented on different microscopy modalities, including super‐resolution imaging. The method is demonstrated in live cell cultures derived from Antarctic fish and highlights the need to maintain physiological conditions for these fragile samples. Future applications include evolutionary biology, biophysics and biotechnology.
Optimal sizing of vibrating Bernoulli columns accounting for axial compression and self‐weight
Authors: Ferrari Federico 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe investigate the effect of axial compression on the optimal design of columns for the maximization of the fundamental frequency of vibration. The compression may be caused by a force applied at the columns' tip or by a load distributed along its axis, which may act either independently or simultaneously. We discuss the influence of these contributions on the optimality conditions, and show how the optimal beam design, and the corresponding frequency gain, change with the level of compression. We also discuss the indirect effect of frequency optimization on the critical load factors associated with the tip () and distributed () loads. Finally, we provide quantitative results for the optimal design problem parameterized by the triple (, , ) of buckling and dynamic eigenvalues.
Expert Consensus to Guide Practice and Policy
Authors: Jorm Anthony 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter looks at how deliberative consensus is often used to making evidence-based recommendations to guide professional practice and public policy. When used for such purposes, deliberative consensus involves considerations additional to what the scientific evidence shows, in particular, value judgements about various courses of action. The evidence-based medicine movement is examined as an influential example of the use of deliberative consensus to guide medical practice. However, consensus processes have also been used to develop guidelines and position statements on practice and policy in other areas, with the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change an important example.
How Wisdom-of-Crowds Research Can Help Improve Deliberative Consensus Methods
Authors: Jorm Anthony 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter reviews research from psychological science on the conditions under which groups make optimal judgements, a subject area often called “wisdom of crowds”. It concludes that good judgements are more likely when the members of a group are selected for expertise, there is cognitive diversity among the members, they make independent judgements which are then aggregated and there is opportunity for sharing information and discussion. When the methods that scientists use to establish deliberative consensus are evaluated against these conditions, none meet them all, but some (Delphi studies and nominal group technique) are better than others.
Equivariant geometry of the Segre cubic and the Burkhardt quartic
Authors: Cheltsov Ivan , Tschinkel Yuri , Zhang Zhijia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study linearizability and stable linearizability of actions of finite groups on the Segre cubic and Burkhardt quartic, using techniques from group cohomology, birational rigidity, and the Burnside formalism.
Diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in traumatic solid organ injuries in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jannatdoust Payam , Valizadeh Parya , Hassankhani Amir , Amoukhteh Melika , Ghadimi Delaram J. , Heidari-Foroozan Mahsa , Sabeghi Paniz , Adli Paniz , Johnston Jennifer H. , Vasavada Pauravi S. , Gholamrezanezhad Ali 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is a significant contributor to pediatric mortality, often causing liver and spleen injuries. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), the gold standard for diagnosing solid organ injury, poses radiation risks to children. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) may be a promising alternative imaging modality.

Objectives
To evaluate the diagnostic utility of CEUS for detecting solid organ injuries following BAT in the pediatric population.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted through a thorough literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to October 1, 2023. Diagnostic accuracy metrics were aggregated using a bivariate model, and subgroup meta-analysis compared CEUS accuracy across various organs.

Results
Meta-analysis from four studies, including 364 pediatric patients, revealed a pooled sensitivity of 88.5% (95%CI 82.5–92.6%) and specificity of 98.5% (95%CI 94.9–99.6%), with an area under the curve of 96% (95%CI 88 – 99%). Splenic injuries showed higher sensitivity than liver injuries (P-value < 0.01), while kidney assessments demonstrated higher specificity (P-value < 0.05).

Conclusion
This study highlights the diagnostic potential of CEUS for pediatric solid organ injuries caused by BAT. Further large-scale studies are needed due to the limited number and sample size of the included studies.
STEM GIrls fördert berufliche Orientierung in der Informatik
Authors: Arlinghaus Clarissa Sabrina 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungSTEM GIrls (STEM = Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics; GIrls = Wortspiel aus Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI) und Mädchen/Frauen als Hauptzielgruppe) ist eine ehrenamtlich organisierte, digitale Workshopreihe der Jungen Gesellschaft für Informatik, die durch weibliche Vorbilder, Vernetzung und geschützten Austausch das Ziel verfolgt, mehr Frauen und nichtbinäre Personen zu MINT-Berufen zu ermutigen. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei berufliche Möglichkeiten in der Informatik. Mit 340 Anmeldungen, 83,7 % Zufriedenheit und einem Net Promoter Score von 55,81 war die Durchführung im Jahr 2023 ein voller Erfolg. Dabei wurden vorwiegend neue Interessierte angesprochen, aber auch einige Personen, die bereits im Vorjahr teilgenommen hatten. Fast 40 % der Teilnehmenden wurden durch STEM GIrls zu einer Mitgliedschaft in der Gesellschaft für Informatik ermutigt oder zumindest dazu angeregt, über eine GI-Mitgliedschaft nachzudenken. Gleichzeitig wurden bestehende GI-Mitglieder motiviert, GI-Mitglied zu bleiben und weiterhin eine Karriere in der Informatik zu verfolgen. Die Auswertung aus 2023 ergab außerdem, dass STEM GIrls die berufliche Orientierungslosigkeit der Teilnehmenden signifikant mindert. Deskriptiv konnte nach STEM GIrls 2023 auch ein Anstieg des Interesses an MINT-Berufen sowie der beruflichen Selbstwirksamkeit bei den Teilnehmenden beobachtet werden. Somit leistet STEM GIrls einen wichtigen Beitrag für mehr Geschlechtervielfalt innerhalb der Gesellschaft für Informatik sowie der Informatik im Allgemeinen.
Development and validation of the Post-COVID Symptom Scale for Children/Youth (PCSS-C/Y)
Authors: Tso Winnie Wan Yee , Wang Yuliang , Fong Daniel Yee Tak , Kwan Mike Yat Wah , Ip Patrick , Chan Jasper Fuk Woo , Leung Lok Kan , Chan Jason Ying Kuen , Tsao Sabrina Siu Ling , Chau Christy Shuk Kuen , Yip Ka Man , Hui Ka Yi , Duque Jaime Sou Rosa , Lau Yu Lung , Lee Tatia Mei Chun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study aims to develop and validate the Post-COVID Symptom Scale for Children/Youth (PCSS-C/Y), which is a comprehensive tool for measuring the symptom burden of post-COVID-19 conditions—persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection, commonly known as Long COVID—and its impact on health-related quality of life among children and adolescents. Parents of children and adolescents, adolescents, and young adults with and without a history of COVID-19 were invited to fill in a questionnaire from October 2022 to June 2023. There were 386 valid parent proxy-reported responses, 433 valid adolescent self-reported responses, and 324 valid young adult self-reported responses included in the final analysis. The PCSS-C/Y demonstrated stable factor structure and good internal consistency in different sampling groups. The scale score was negatively associated with Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) scores (young adult self-report, adjusted R
2 = 0.394; adolescent self-report, adjusted R
2 = 0.219; parent-report, adjusted R
2 = 0.292), while it was positively associated with Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores (young adult self-report, adjusted R
2 = 0.195; adolescent self-report, adjusted R
2 = 0.154; parent-report, adjusted R
2 = 0.239). The scale can also discriminate the post-infected cases and control cases, Cohen’s d = 0.41, 0.50, and 0.38 for adult self-report, adolescent self-report, and parent-report, respectively.

Conclusions: The PCSS-C/Y is a valid and reliable tool for quantifying the diverse symptomatology of post-COVID-19 conditions in children and adolescents. It provides quantifiable measurements that enable clinicians to monitor post-COVID-19 symptoms in children and young people and facilitates the development of interventions for post-COVID-19 conditions.
Sampling from convex sets with a cold start using multiscale decompositions
Authors: Narayanan Hariharan , Rajaraman Amit , Srivastava Piyush 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA standard approach for sampling approximately uniformly from a convex body $$K \subseteq \mathbb {R}^n$$

K
⊆

R

n

is to run a random walk within K. The requirement is that starting from a suitable initial distribution, the random walk should “mix rapidly”, i.e., after a number of steps that is polynomial in n and the aspect ratio R/r (here, K is assumed to contain a ball of radius r and to be contained within a ball of radius R), the distribution of the random walk should come close to the uniform distribution $$\pi _K$$

π
K

on K. Different random walks differ in aspects such as the ease of implementation of each step, or suitability for a specific class of convex bodies. Therefore, the rapid mixing of a wide variety of random walks on convex bodies has been studied. Many proofs of rapid mixing of such random walks however require that the initial distribution of the random walk is not too different from the target distribution $$\pi _K$$

π
K

. In particular, they require that the probability density function of the initial distribution with respect to the uniform distribution $$\pi _K$$

π
K

on K must be bounded above by $$\textrm{poly}(n)$$

poly
(
n
)

: this is called a warm start. Achieving such a warm start often requires a non-trivial pre-processing step before the random walk can be started. This motivates the problem of proving rapid mixing from “cold starts”, i.e., when the density of the initial distribution with respect to $$\pi _K$$

π
K

can be as high as $$\exp (\textrm{poly}(n))$$

exp
(
poly
(
n
)
)

. In contrast to warm starts, a cold start is usually trivial to achieve. However, rapid mixing from a cold start may not hold for every random walk, e.g., the well-known “ball walk” does not have rapid mixing from an arbitrary cold start. On the other hand, for the “hit-and-run” random walk, Lovász and Vempala proved rapid mixing from a cold start. For the related coordinate hit-and-run (CHR) random walk, which has been found to be promising in computational experiments, a rapid mixing result starting from a warm start was proven only recently, while the question of whether CHR mixes rapidly from a cold start remained open. In this paper, we construct a family of Markov chains inspired by classical multiscale decompositions of subsets of $$\mathbb {R}^n$$

R

n

into countably many axis-aligned cubes. We show that even with a cold start, the mixing times of these chains are bounded by a polynomial in n and the aspect ratio of the body. Our main technical ingredient is an isoperimetric inequality for K for a metric that magnifies distances between points that are close to the boundary of K. As a byproduct of the analysis of this new family of chains, we show that the coordinate hit-and-run (CHR) random walk also mixes rapidly from a cold start, and also from any point that is not too close to the boundary of the body.
A posteriori error control for a discontinuous Galerkin approximation of a Keller-Segel model
Authors: Giesselmann Jan , Kwon Kiwoong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe provide a posteriori error estimates for a discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel system in 2 or 3 space dimensions. The estimates are conditional in the sense that an a posteriori computable quantity needs to be small enough—which can be ensured by mesh refinement—and optimal in the sense that the error estimator decays with the same order as the error under mesh refinement. A specific feature of our error estimator is that it can be used to prove the existence of a weak solution up to a certain time based on numerical results.
Moral Luck and the Imperfect Duty to Spare Blame
Authors: Hartman Robert J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIt is conventional wisdom that appreciating the role of luck in our moral lives should make us more sparing with blame. But views of moral responsibility that allow luck to augment a person’s blameworthiness are in tension with this wisdom. I resolve this tension: our common moral luck partially generates a duty to forgo retributively blaming the blameworthy person at least sometimes. So, although luck can amplify the blame that a person deserves, luck also partially generates a duty not to give the blameworthy person the retributive blame that he deserves at least sometimes.
Advanced Schiff base bio-electrode as sensitive sensor for ibuprofen in environmentally contaminant water
Authors: Elnouby Mohamed S. , Zahran Hoda F. , Younes Sara M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOne of the most effective oral antipyretics and analgesics, ibuprofen (IBP) is a primary ingredient in hospital wastewater because it is widely used to treat both acute and chronic pain. It is important to detect its concentration in the wastewater. Bio-electrochemical sensor is a promising detection method due to its durability and accuracy. Schiffbase is an advanced electrode materials for bio-electrochemical sensor. Which able to detect (IBP) concentration in wastewater.2,3dihydroxy-N'1-((E)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-N'4-((Z)-2-hydroxybenzylidene (Schiffbase) materials have been synthesized and characterized.IR spectroscopy data identified (OH/H2O), ʋ (H-bonding), ʋ (C = O), ʋ (COH), ʋ (C = N) function groups. The SEM images of Schiff base presented needle-like shape with regular morphology. Electrochemical electrode have been fabricated from Schiffbase materials. IBP detected electrochemically by CV, DPV, and EIS methods, sensing rate of (2E−7 A/mgL−1) with coefficient of determination was (R2 = 0.999), into two steps sensing mechanism, which correspond to the ion diffusion process, respectively. Schiffbase electrodes shows superior sensitivity for low concentration of IBP (~ 2 mg/L). Sensing mechanism proposed upon electrochemical results.
Charging behaviour and range anxiety in long-distance EV travel: an adaptive choice design study
Authors: Thorhauge Mikkel , Rich Jeppe , Mabit Stefan E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel adaptive stated choice experiment to capture range anxiety during long-distance travel. It is assumed that respondents have forward-looking properties allowing them to select from a set of charging alternatives along the route or postpone charging for a later (choice) stage. Data was collected among members of the Danish electric car association. Based on this data, we develop a mixed logit model that reveals several interesting findings. First, we quantify a relationship between the probability to charge and the remaining range. Secondly, we find that range anxiety, and thereby battery utilisation between recharges is indeed a heterogeneous quantity that varies among user groups. Tesla drivers and individuals below 50 years of age are less prone to range anxiety compared to other segments. Finally, the results suggest that charging at the early stages of a trip is indeed likely even when the battery level is high.
Intelligent integrated sensing and communication: a survey
Authors: Zhang Jifa , Lu Weidang , Xing Chengwen , Zhao Nan , Al-Dhahir Naofal , Karagiannidis George K. , Yang Xiaoniu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntegrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a promising technique to increase spectral efficiency and support various emerging applications by sharing the spectrum and hardware between these functionalities. However, the traditional ISAC schemes are highly dependent on the accurate mathematical model and suffer from the challenges of high complexity and poor performance in practical scenarios. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a viable technique to address these issues due to its powerful learning capabilities, satisfactory generalization capability, fast inference speed, and high adaptability for dynamic environments, facilitating a system design shift from model-driven to data-driven. Intelligent ISAC, which integrates AI into ISAC, has been a hot topic that has attracted many researchers to investigate. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of intelligent ISAC, including its motivation, typical applications, recent trends, and challenges. In particular, we first introduce the basic principle of ISAC, followed by its key techniques. Then, an overview of AI and a comparison between model-based and AI-based methods for ISAC are provided. Furthermore, the typical applications of AI in ISAC and the recent trends for AI-enabled ISAC are reviewed. Finally, the future research issues and challenges of intelligent ISAC are discussed.
Posterior Urethral Valves: Overview of Urologic Management from the Antenatal Period to Adulthood
Authors: Davis Meghan F. , Zack Jennifer , Weiss Dana A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the urologic management for children with posterior urethral valves from the antenatal period to adulthood.

Summary
Posterior urethral valves pose a significant challenge in pediatric urology, with a range of impacts on urologic and renal health. While initial management requires alleviation of the obstruction, there can be profound ongoing changes that require comprehensive care from birth to adulthood, which is critical to improving patient outcomes and addressing the needs of those affected by posterior urethral valves. Management strategies focus on ensuring the safety of the bladder to protect the upper tracts. Urologists may employ a variety of strategies depending on the child’s clinical course. Despite advancements aimed at preventing renal damage and improving outcomes, posterior urethral valves continue to be a leading cause of pediatric kidney transplant.