bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prioritizing Medication Management Criteria of National Hospital Accreditation Standards Using FDANP Model
Authors: Izadpanah Fatemeh , Shiehmorteza Maryam , Rahimpour Amirissa , Moradi Mandana 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Accreditation is an evaluating tool of health care systems especially in hospitals: Iran’s Ministry of Health emphasizes its importance. We attempted this descriptive study to classify medication management criteria of hospital accreditation standards using a hybrid approach of fuzzy DEMATEL based on ANP (FDANP).
Methods: This study included all Iran’s hospitals. Nine medication management criteria and their sub-criteria were evaluated. AHP questionnaire was used for data collection.
Results: The following were demonstrated to be effective: The standards of safe storage of drugs and medical equipment, and providing practical procedure for reporting and controlling medication errors. The other factors were affected by them: Continuous monitoring of drugs and medical equipment utilization was the most affected and not independent factors/standards.
Conclusion: Focus should be made on effective standards and their related measures, not on standards affected by other factors/standards.
Morphological and GABA‐immunoreactive development of the embryonic chick telencephalon
Authors: Lundgren Per , Mattsson Mats‐olof , Johansson Lenore , Ottersen Ole Petter , Sellström Åke 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe development of neurons utilizing γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABAergic neurons) in prosencephalon and telencephalon from chicken embryonic days 4–14 (E4–E14) was studied by means of immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, routine histology and transmission electron microscopy, respectively, were performed in order to study the morphological development in the designated area. The main finding is that development of GABAergic neurons in the chick telencephalon is rapid; the GABA neurons are appearing in bulk at day 8, being “overexpressed” at days 10–11, decreasing in numbers thereafter and achieving mature morphology on day 14, which is considerably faster than in the rodent.Morphological analysis revealed that the prosencephalon mainly consisted of a thin layer of undifferentiated neuroblasts in the E4 embryo. By E6, the prosencephalon had increased in thickness and occasional cells outside the neuroepithelium showed a more mature morphology with a few cells weakly staining positive for GABA. At E8, the prospective granular and subventricular layers had developed. At E14, the appearance of the telencephalon is approximating that of the adult since both ependymal cells and morphologically mature neurons can be seen.
Gadolinium inhibits thymidine incorporation and induces apoptosis in chondrocytes
Authors: Greisberg Justin K. , Wolf Jennifer Moriatis , Wyman James , Zou Lijun , Terek Richard M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMagnetic resonance arthrography, a procedure where contrast agents containing gadolinium are administered intra‐articularly, has become a useful tool in musculoskeletal diagnosis. Although considered safe for systemic use, toxicities in some tissues have been identified for both free gadolinium ion and the gadolinium chelates used as contrast. In this study, the effects of short‐term exposure of articular chondrocytes to gadolinium contrast were examined by assaying for proteoglycan synthesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Bovine chondrocytes were grown in monolayer culture and exposed to gadodiamide for 16 h. Proteoglycan synthesis was measured through incorporation of radiolabeled sulfate. Uptake of radiolabeled thymidine assessed cell proliferation. Apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL assay, where DNA strand breaks characteristic of apoptosis are labeled with fluorescent nucleotide. Proteoglycan synthesis was stimulated by lower dose exposure to gadodiamide. At higher doses, proteoglycan synthesis returned to baseline. Cell proliferation decreased following exposure to gadodiamide in a dose‐dependent manner. Chondrocyte apoptosis was induced in a dose‐dependent manner. Further work is needed to determine if these in vitro effects are present in the intact joint. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Punlished by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The behavioral functions of the cholinergic basalforebrain : lessons from 192 IgG‐SAPORIN
Authors: Wrenn Craige C. , Wiley Ronald G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractUntil recently, our understanding of the functional neuroanatomy of the cholinergicbasal forebrain (CBF) has been hindered by the lack of a lesioning technique that is truly selective.The development of the immunotoxin 192 IgG‐saporin (192‐sap) has greatly improved our abilityto create specific lesions of the CBF. Rats with such lesions have been studied in a wide variety ofbehavioral paradigms of learning, memory, and attention. Complete or near‐complete destructionof the CBF results in deficits in a variety of behavior paradigms including passive avoidance,spatial tasks (water and radial mazes), delayed matching to position/sample, and attentional tasks.However, interpretation of many experiments is hampered by incomplete lesions and/orconcomitant damage to cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Future studies will need to address theseissues. Recent development of a similar immunotoxin that is effective in primates should permitmore sophisticated behavioral analysis of CBF function. Additionally, immunotoxins selective forother types of neurons, such as the noradrenergic selective anti‐DBH‐saporin, will permit analysisof the behavioral functions of other diffusely projecting systems and how these other systems mayinteract with the CBF.
Dehydroepiandrosterone selectively inhibits production of tumor necrosis factor α and Interlukin‐6 in astrocytes
Authors: Kipper‐Galperin Marianne , Galilly Ruth , Danenberg Haim D. , Brenner Talma 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a native neurosteroid with immunomodulating activity. DHEA effectively protects animals from several viral, bacterial and parasitic infections and it was suggested that its age‐associated decline is related with immunosenescence. In the present study we examined the ability of DHEA to inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators by mycoplasma‐stimulated glial cells and to change the course of acute central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disease in vivo. Addition of DHEA (10 μg/ml) markedly inhibited tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interlukin‐6 (IL‐6) production (98 and 95%, respectively), whereas nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was not affected. However, daily administration of 0.5 mg DHEA to mice or 5 mg to rats did not change the clinical outcome of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
Campylobacter myocarditis; loose bowels and a baggy heart
Authors: Cox I.D. , Fluck D.S. , Joy M.D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe report an unusual case of acute myocarditis associated with Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis leading to severe impairment of left ventricular systolic function. Contrast‐enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was used to confirm the presence of acute myocardial inflammation and its resolution.
Influence of carvedilol on the benefits of physical training in patients with moderate chronic heart failure
Authors: Forissier J.F. , Vernochet P. , Bertrand P. , Charbonnier B. , Monpère C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAims:To evaluate prospectively the impact of carvedilol on a short‐term physical training program in stable patients with moderate chronic heart failure (CHF), and to analyze parameters predictive of improvement after training.Methods and results:Thirty‐eight patients with CHF were referred for cardiac rehabilitation. Etiology was ischemic in 26 patients, dilated in 12 patients and left ventricular ejection fraction was < 35%. Patients were classified into three groups: group 1 (n ‐ 14) ‐ ACE inhibitors, diuretics and digitalis; group 2 (n ‐ 11) ‐ idem group 1+cardioselective beta‐blocker; group 3 (n ‐ 13) ‐ idem group 1+carvedilol. Exercise tests with VO2 measurement were performed before and after a 4‐week exercise training program. Patients with carvedilol experienced a 16.6% increase in peak VO2 which was similar to the 13.9% increase in the group with cardioselective beta‐blocker and to the 18.5% in the group without beta‐blocker. Moreover non‐ischemic etiology of CHF was the only parameter predictive of improvement after training (P ‐ 0.02).Conclusions:Addition of carvedilol did not alter benefits of a short‐term physical training program in patients with moderate CHF. No baseline characteristic except for etiology of CHF was predictive of a response to training.
Facet Control for Trap‐State Suppression in Colloidal Quantum Dot Solids
Authors: Xia Yong , Chen Wei , Zhang Peng , Liu Sisi , Wang Kang , Yang Xiaokun , Tang Haodong , Lian Linyuan , He Jungang , Liu Xinxing , Liang Guijie , Tan Manlin , Gao Liang , Liu Huan , Song Haisheng , Zhang Daoli , Gao Jianbo , Wang Kai , Lan Xinzheng , Zhang Xiuwen , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Tang Jiang , Zhang Jianbing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTrap states in colloidal quantum dot (QD) solids significantly affect the performance of QD solar cells, because they limit the open‐circuit voltage and short circuit current. The {100} facets of PbS QDs are important origins of trap states due to their weak or missing passivation. However, previous investigations focused on synthesis, ligand exchange, or passivation approaches and ignored the control of {100} facets for a given dot size. Herein, trap states are suppressed from the source via facet control of PbS QDs. The {100} facets of ≈3 nm PbS QDs are minimized by tuning the balance between the growth kinetics and thermodynamics in the synthesis. The PbS QDs synthesized at a relatively low temperature with a high oversaturation follow a kinetics‐dominated growth, producing nearly octahedral nanoparticles terminated mostly by {111} facets. In contrast, the PbS QDs synthesized at a relatively high temperature follow a thermodynamics‐dominated growth. Thus, a spherical shape is preferred, producing truncated octahedral nanoparticles with more {100} facets. Compared to PbS QDs from thermodynamics‐dominated growth, the PbS QDs with less {100} facets show fewer trap states in the QD solids, leading to a better photovoltaic device performance with a power conversion efficiency of 11.5%.
Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Nonnatural Polyesters
Authors: Choi So Young , Cho In Jin , Lee Youngjoon , Kim Yeo‐Jin , Kim Kyung‐Jin , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicroorganisms produce diverse polymers for various purposes such as storing genetic information, energy, and reducing power, and serving as structural materials and scaffolds. Among these polymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are microbial polyesters synthesized and accumulated intracellularly as a storage material of carbon, energy, and reducing power under unfavorable growth conditions in the presence of excess carbon source. PHAs have attracted considerable attention for their wide range of applications in industrial and medical fields. Since the first discovery of PHA accumulating bacteria about 100 years ago, remarkable advances have been made in the understanding of PHA biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of microorganisms toward developing efficient PHA producers. Recently, nonnatural polyesters have also been synthesized by metabolically engineered microorganisms, which opened a new avenue toward sustainable production of more diverse plastics. Herein, the current state of PHAs and nonnatural polyesters is reviewed, covering mechanisms of microbial polyester biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and enzymes involved in biosynthesis of short‐chain‐length PHAs, medium‐chain‐length PHAs, and nonnatural polyesters, especially 2‐hydroxyacid‐containing polyesters, metabolic engineering strategies to produce novel polymers and enhance production capabilities and fermentation, and downstream processing strategies for cost‐effective production of these microbial polyesters. In addition, the applications of PHAs and prospects are discussed.
Analyzing Energy Materials by Cryogenic Electron Microscopy
Authors: Ren Xiao‐Chuan , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Xu Rui , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSafe and high‐energy‐density rechargeable batteries are increasingly indispensable in the pursuit of a wireless and fossil‐free society. Advancements in present battery technologies and the investigation of next‐generation batteries highly depend on the ever‐deepening fundamental understanding and the rational designs of working electrodes, electrolytes, and interfaces. However, accurately analyzing energy materials and interfaces is severely hindered by their intrinsic limitations of air and electron‐beam sensitivity, which restrains the research of energy materials in a low‐efficiency trial‐and‐error paradigm. The emergence of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) has enabled the nondestructive characterization of air‐ and electron‐beam sensitive energy materials in the microscale and nanoscale, and even at atomic resolutions, affording closer insights into the primary chemistry and physics of working batteries. Herein, the development of cryo‐EM and the applications in detecting energy materials are reviewed and analyzed from its overwhelming advantages in disclosing the underlying mystery of energy materials. Critical sample preparation methods as the precondition for cryo‐EM are compared, which strongly affect the characterization accuracy. Furthermore, new developments in the analysis of energy materials, especially bulk electrodes and interfaces in lithium metal batteries, are presented according to different functions of cryo‐EM. Finally, future directions of cryo‐EM for analyzing energy materials are prospected.
A Novel Single‐Atom Electrocatalyst Ti1/rGO for Efficient Cathodic Reduction in Hybrid Photovoltaics
Authors: Liang Suxia , Zhu Chao , Zhang Naitian , Zhang Shuo , Qiao Botao , Liu Hua , Liu Xiaoyan , Liu Zheng , Song Xuedan , Zhang Heming , Hao Ce , Shi Yantao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) are a frontier research topic in the catalysis community. Carbon materials decorated with atomically dispersed Ti are theoretically predicted with many attractive applications. However, such material has not been achieved so far. Herein, a Ti‐based SAC, consisting of isolated Ti anchored by oxygen atoms on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (termed as Ti1/rGO), is successfully synthesized. The structure of Ti1/rGO is characterized by high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, being determined to have a five coordinated local structure TiO5. When serving as non‐Pt cathode material in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs), Ti1/rGO exhibits high electrocatalytic activity toward the tri‐iodide reduction reaction. The power conversion efficiency of DSCs based on Ti1/rGO is comparable to that using conventional Pt cathode. The unique structure of TiO5 moieties and the crucial role of atomically dispersed Ti in Ti1/rGO are well understood by experiments and density functional theory calculations. This emerging material shows potential applications in energy conversion and storage devices.
An Antiaging Electrolyte Additive for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Han Jung‐Gu , Hwang Chihyun , Kim Su Hwan , Park Chanhyun , Kim Jonghak , Jung Gwan Yeong , Baek Kyungeun , Chae Sujong , Kang Seok Ju , Cho Jaephil , Kwak Sang Kyu , Song Hyun‐Kon , Choi Nam‐Soon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh‐capacity Li‐rich layered oxide cathodes along with Si‐incorporated graphite anodes have high reversible capacity, outperforming the electrode materials used in existing commercial products. Hence, they are potential candidates for the development of high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, structural degradation induced by loss of interfacial stability is a roadblock to their practical use. Here, the use of malonic acid‐decorated fullerene (MA‐C60) with superoxide dismutase activity and water scavenging capability as an electrolyte additive to overcome the structural instability of high‐capacity electrodes that hampers the battery quality is reported. Deactivation of PF5 by water scavenging leads to the long‐term stability of the interfacial structures of electrodes. Moreover, an MA‐C60‐added electrolyte deactivates the reactive oxygen species and constructs an electrochemically robust cathode‐electrolyte interface for Li‐rich cathodes. This work paves the way for new possibilities in the design of electrolyte additives by eliminating undesirable reactive substances and tuning the interfacial structures of high‐capacity electrodes in LIBs.
Factors driving cereal response to fertilizer microdosing in sub‐Saharan Africa: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ouedraogo Yacouba , Taonda Jean‐Baptiste Sibiri , Sermé Idriss , Tychon Bernard , Bielders Charles L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFertilizer microdosing (FM) is being promoted in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) to boost crop productivity on smallholder farms. However, yield response variability is a barrier to adoption. We conducted a meta‐analysis to analyze the variability in cereal crop yield response to FM and to determine the main factors associated with this variability. Thirty publications pertaining to millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) or maize (Zea mays L.) were assessed. Factors analyzed were crop type, rainfall, soil texture, type and rate of fertilizer, and complementary practices. On average, FM improved millet, sorghum and maize crop yields by 68%. Yield response tended to increase with increasing rainfall and the largest yield gains were observed in medium‐textured soils (81%), as compared to light (61%) and heavy‐textured soils (30%). The combined application of N and P performed better than either element alone. Crop response tended to increase with increasing rates of N. In the case of P, this was true only on light textured‐soils. On medium‐textured soils, the response appeared independent of the rate of P. There was a synergetic effect of water conservation measures on the performance of FM, while combining FM with organic matter (OM) amendments decreased its performance. Results highlighted major trends in cereal crop response to FM that could be used to prioritize target areas. However, these may require additional, site‐specific field experiments, especially for factors for which little data is currently available.
Corporate social responsibility and dynamic productivity change in the US food and beverage manufacturing industry
Authors: Kapelko Magdalena , Oude Lansink Alfons , Guillamon‐Saorin Encarna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and dynamic productivity change of each input employed and investment undertaken in the US food and beverage manufacturing industry. We compute input‐ and investment‐specific dynamic Luenberger indicators and decompose them into the contributions of input‐ and investment‐specific dynamic technical inefficiency changes and dynamic technological changes. We then relate these indicators to an overall CSR measure and aspect‐specific CSR measures (governance, environment, and social). Our results confirm that the association between CSR and productivity change has different signs and effects on specific inputs or investments. We also find that only certain aspects of CSR participate in the association between CSR and dynamic productivity change and its components. [EconLit citations: C61, D24, L66, M14].
Chemical reaction modeling of industrial scale nitrocellulose production for military applications
Authors: Sullivan Francis , Simon Laurent , Ioannidis Nikolaos , Patel Subhash , Ophir Zohar , Gogos Costas , Jaffe Michael , Tirmizi Shakeel , Bonnett Peter , Abbate Philip 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA model was developed to describe the nitration of cellulose in mixed acids used in the production of military grade nitrocellulose. Acid dissociation, swelling, diffusion, and chemical reaction were considered to model the nitration of industrially important cellulose materials for given reaction times and conditions. This model is supported by experimental work conducted to measure the dynamics of swelling and diffusion in wood pulp slivers, and the model was validated using the results of lab‐scale nitration reactions. Microcomputed tomography was also used to perform a structural analysis of wood pulp slivers that were cut on industrial, rotary cutting machines to evaluate features that may influence the reactivity of these materials.
Comment on “Realization of Lewis Basic Sodium Anion in the NaBH3−Cluster”
Authors: Pan Sudip , Frenking Gernot 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe challenge the interpretation of the chemical bond in NaBH3−proposed by Liu et al. We argue that NaBH3−has an electron‐sharing Na−BH3−covalent bond rather than a dative bond Na−→BH3.
Structural Diversity and Magnetic Properties of Hybrid Ruthenium Halide Perovskites and Related Compounds
Authors: Vishnoi Pratap , Zuo Julia L. , Strom T. Amanda , Wu Guang , Wilson Stephen D. , Seshadri Ram , Cheetham Anthony K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere has been a great deal of recent interest in extended compounds containing Ru3+ and Ru4+ in light of their range of unusual physical properties. Many of these properties are displayed in compounds with the perovskite and related structures. Here we report an array of structurally diverse hybrid ruthenium halide perovskites and related compounds: MA2RuX6 (X=Cl or Br), MA2MRuX6 (M=Na, K or Ag; X=Cl or Br) and MA3Ru2X9 (X=Br) based upon the use of methylammonium (MA=CH3NH3+) on the perovskite A site. The compounds MA2RuX6 with Ru4+ crystallize in the trigonal space group
and can be described as vacancy‐ordered double‐perovskites. The ordered compounds MA2MRuX6 with M+ and Ru3+ crystallize in a structure related to BaNiO3 with alternating MX6 and RuX6 face‐shared octahedra forming linear chains in the trigonal
space group. The compound MA3Ru2Br9 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group and displays pairs of face‐sharing octahedra forming isolated Ru2Br9 moieties with very short Ru–Ru contacts of 2.789 Å. The structural details, including the role of hydrogen bonding and dimensionality, as well as the optical and magnetic properties of these compounds are described. The magnetic behavior of all three classes of compounds is influenced by spin–orbit coupling and their temperature‐dependent behavior has been compared with the predictions of the appropriate Kotani models.