bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced mono‐ and multi‐dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques for oxygen‐containing compound characterization in biomass and biofuel samples
Authors: Beccaria Marco , Siqueira Anna Luiza Mendes , Maniquet Adrien , Giusti Pierre , Piparo Marco , Stefanuto Pierre‐Hugues , Focant Jean‐François 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA wide variety of biomass, from triglycerides to lignocellulosic‐based feedstock, are among promising candidates to possibly fulfill requirements as a substitute for crude oils as primary sources of chemical energy feedstock. During the feedstock processing carried out to increase the H:C ratio of the products, heteroatom‐containing compounds can promote corrosion, thus limiting and/or deactivating catalytic processes needed to transform the biomass into fuel. The use of advanced gas chromatography techniques, in particular multi‐dimensional gas chromatography, both heart‐cutting and comprehensive coupled to mass spectrometry, has been widely exploited in the field of petroleomics over the past 30 years and has also been successfully applied to the characterization of volatile and semi‐volatile compounds during the processing of biomass feedstock. This review intends to describe advanced gas chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based techniques, mainly focusing in the period 2011–early 2020. Particular emphasis has been devoted to the multi‐dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques, for the isolation and characterization of the oxygen‐containing compounds in biomass feedstock. Within this context, the most recent advances to sample preparation, derivatization, as well as gas chromatography instrumentation, mass spectrometry ionization, identification, and data handling in the biomass industry, are described.
Selective enrichment‐release of trace dibutyl phthalate via molecular‐imprinting based photo‐controlled switching followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis
Authors: Huang Weihong , Jiang Pengfei , Yin Xifeng , Zhang Liming , Zhao Shan , Zhou Hengdeng , Ni Xiaoni , Xu Wanzhen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA novel intelligent photo‐controlled molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized, based on the magnetic core‐shell structure, with 4‐[(4‐methacryloyloxy) phenylazo] benzenesulfonic acid as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate as the cross‐linking agent. Subsequently, a series of light‐controlled enrichment‐release performance showed that it only took about 30 and 10 min to reach the equilibrium photosensitive characteristic peak, respectively. The photo‐controlled polymers could intelligently select target molecules, the maximum adsorption capacity for dibutyl phthalate was 3.88 mg/g. However, the adsorption capacity for its structural analogue dicyclohexyl phthalate was only 0.88 mg/g. The Freundlich and Langmuir isothermal equations were discussed for the specific enrichment process. Finally, the photo‐controlled molecularly imprinted polymers were successfully applied to the selective detection of dibutyl phthalate, with the recovery rate of 95.4–98.4%. It could be used for the analysis of trace dibutyl phthalate in actual samples.
A Dizzying Complaint: Investigating the Intended Meaning of Dizziness Among Patients and Providers
Authors: Sommerfeldt John M. , Fischer Jakob L. , Morrison Danielle A. , McCoul Edward D. , Riley Charles A. , Tolisano Anthony M. 
Published: November 2020

Objective/HypothesisTo assess for semantic differences regarding the definition of dizziness among otolaryngology patients, otolaryngologists, and non‐otolaryngologist providers.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsBetween March and May 2020, a survey consisting of 20 common descriptors for dizziness within five domains (lightheadedness, motion sensitivity, imbalance, vision complaints, and pain) was completed by patients at two outpatient otolaryngology clinics. Surveys were subsequently obtained from otolaryngology and non‐otolaryngology providers attending a multidisciplinary dizziness lecture. The primary outcome measure was to assess for differences in definition of dizziness between patients and providers. Secondary outcome measures included assessing differences between otolaryngologists and non‐otolaryngologists.ResultsAbout 221 patients and 100 providers participated. Patients selected a median of 7 terms compared to 8 for providers (P = .375), although providers had a larger overall distribution of number of terms selected (P = .038). Patients were more likely than providers to define dizziness according to the following domains: lightheadedness (difference 15.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.5%–25.3%), vision complaints (difference 21.6%, 95% CI 12.0%–29.6%), and pain (difference 11.5%, 95% CI 4.7%–17.1%). Providers were more likely to define dizziness according to the motion sensitivity domain (difference 13.8%, 95% CI 6.8%–19.6%). Otolaryngology and non‐otolaryngology providers defined dizziness similarly across symptom domains.ConclusionAlthough patients and providers both view dizziness as imbalance, patients more commonly describe dizziness in the context of lightheadedness, vision complaints, and pain, whereas providers more frequently define dizziness according to motion sensitivity. These semantic differences create an additional barrier to effective patient‐provider communication.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 131:E1443–E1449, 2021
Large‐scale land acquisition as a potential driver of slope instability
Authors: Chiarelli Davide Danilo , D'Odorico Paolo , Davis Kyle Frankel , Rosso Renzo , Rulli Maria Cristina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently, vast tracts of land have been acquired by foreign and domestic–foreign partnerships to satisfy an increasing demand for agricultural products, often resulting in the conversion of forested landscapes into agricultural fields. Those conversions often occur in areas characterized by high slope angles with the potential to cause mass wasting and shallow landslides. An interesting case‐study is the Licungo basin in Mozambique, where from 2000 nearly 160,000 ha of forest were converted, 17% of which occurred in areas acquired through large‐scale land acquisitions (LSLAs). This study analyses the relationship between deforestation occurring within LSLA areas and the likelihood of landslide occurrence. To this end, we use a spatially distributed physically based model that couples the assessment of slope stability with hillslope‐scale hydrological processes and evaluates the change in slope stability associated with remotely sensed forest loss. Relative to conditions where no human modification of land cover has occurred, we find that LSLAs have the potential to increase the extent of areas susceptible to slope failure by as much as 15,000 ha. We also quantified potential direct and indirect implications of such events for the food supply of local populations, estimating that 4,000 people could lose approximately 700 kcal cap−1 d−1 if all LSLAs are put under production. This study demonstrates the linkages between LSLAs, slope instability, and knock‐on environmental and societal impacts. Governments should therefore take such impacts into account (in addition to those related to habitat destruction and carbon emissions) when issuing permits and concessions within forested lands.
LIBS and FTIR–ATR spectroscopy studies of mineral–organic associations in saline soil
Authors: Ma Fei , Du Changwen , Zhang Yiqiang , Xu Xuebin , Zhou Jianmin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDirect characterization of the spatial distribution of elements and compound binding of salt–organic associations in soil is imperative for understanding the mechanisms of organic matter decomposition and nutrient release involved in soil degradation and development processes. However, traditional chemical methods would damage the chemical bonds in salt–organic associations, and modern spectroscopic techniques provide alternative options for resolving this problem. In this study, mid‐infrared‐attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR–ATR) was used to obtain molecular group information; laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied to obtain microlevel distribution of elements, and two‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) analysis was conducted to illustrate the binding combination features of mineral–organic associations in saline soil from the Hetao Irrigation District in China. The results showed that the distributions of Mg, Ca, Na, and K were heterogeneous at the microlevel; the spatial distributions of Mg and Ca showed a significant correlation (r = 0.90***), while K displayed a negative correlation with the soil organic matter (SOM) contents. In the soil with lower SOM contents, the elements were distributed at the top of the ablation area and enhanced with the increasing SOM content, which reflected the trends of the SOM layer thickness outside the mineral–organic associations at the microlevel. Furthermore, 2DCOS analysis suggested that the hydrogen bonds in silicate groups were stronger than those of organic functional groups, such as C=O/C=C, when combined with salt‐related compounds, and Mg, Ca, Na, and K did not originate from clay mineral compounds in saline soil but partially originated from deposited organic associations.
Impact of Payer Status on Delisting Among Liver Transplant Candidates in the United States
Authors: Karunungan Krystal L. , Sanaiha Yas , Hernandez Roland A. , Wilhalme Holly , Rudasill Sarah , Hadaya Joseph , DiNorcia Joseph , Benharash Peyman 
Published: November 2020

Although socioeconomic disparities persist both pre‐ and post‐transplantation, the impact of payer status has not been studied at the national level. We examined the association between public insurance coverage and waitlist outcomes among candidates listed for liver transplantation (LT) in the United States. All adults (age ≥18 years) listed for LT between 2002 and 2018 in the United Network for Organ Sharing database were included. The primary outcome was waitlist removal because of death or clinical deterioration. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using the Kruskal‐Wallis and chi‐square tests, respectively. Fine and Gray competing‐risks regression was used to estimate the subdistribution hazard ratios (HRs) for risk factors associated with delisting. Of 131,839 patients listed for LT, 61.2% were covered by private insurance, 22.9% by Medicare, and 15.9% by Medicaid. The 1‐year cumulative incidence of delisting was 9.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3%‐9.8%) for patients with private insurance, 10.7% (95% CI, 9.9%‐11.6%) for Medicare, and 10.7% (95% CI, 9.8%‐11.6%) for Medicaid. In multivariable competing‐risks analysis, Medicare (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.17‐1.24; P < 0.001) and Medicaid (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.16‐1.24; P < 0.001) were independently associated with an increased hazard of death or deterioration compared with private insurance. Additional predictors of delisting included Black race and Hispanic ethnicity, whereas college education and employment were associated with a decreased hazard of delisting. In this study, LT candidates with Medicare or Medicaid had a 20% increased risk of delisting because of death or clinical deterioration compared with those with private insurance. As more patients use public insurance to cover the cost of LT, targeted waitlist management protocols may mitigate the increased risk of delisting in this population.
Preconditioning Navier–Stokes control using multilevel sequentially semiseparable matrix computations
Authors: Qiu Yue , van Gijzen Martin B. , van Wingerden Jan‐Willem , Verhaegen Michel , Vuik Cornelis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, we study preconditioning techniques for the control of the Navier–Stokes equation, where the control only acts on a few parts of the domain. Optimization, discretization, and linearization of the control problem results in a generalized linear saddle‐point system. The Schur complement for the generalized saddle‐point system is very difficult or even impossible to approximate, which prohibits satisfactory performance of the standard block preconditioners. We apply the multilevel sequentially semiseparable (MSSS) preconditioner to the underlying system. Compared with standard block preconditioning techniques, the MSSS preconditioner computes an approximate factorization of the global generalized saddle‐point matrix up to a prescribed accuracy in linear computational complexity. This in turn gives parameter independent convergence for MSSS preconditioned Krylov solvers. We use a simplified wind farm control example to illustrate the performance of the MSSS preconditioner. We also compare the performance of the MSSS preconditioner with the performance of the state‐of‐the‐art preconditioning techniques. Our results show the superiority of the MSSS preconditioning techniques to standard block preconditioning techniques for the control of the Navier–Stokes equation.
An unconditionally stable algorithm for multiterm time fractional advection–diffusion equation with variable coefficients and convergence analysis
Authors: Ravi Kanth Adivi Sri Venkata , Garg Neetu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the numerical solution of the variable coefficient multiterm time fractional advection–diffusion equation via exponential B‐splines. We discretize the temporal part by using the Crank–Nicolson method and spatial part by the exponential B‐splines. The unconditional stability is obtained by the Von‐Neumann method. The convergence rates are also studied. Numerical simulations confirm the theoretically expected accuracy in both time and space directions. A comparative analysis with the other methods shows the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Exploring Pediatric Obesity Training, Perspectives, and Management Patterns Among Pediatric Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Campoverde Reyes Karen J. , Perez Numa P. , Czepiel Kathryn S. , Shaw Ashley Y. , Stanford Fatima Cody 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveSignificant variability exists in the amount of formal obesity training obtained by physicians caring for pediatric patients. The study objective was to assess the relationship between formal obesity training and pediatrics physicians’ perceptions, practice patterns, overall knowledge, and confidence during management of pediatric obesity.MethodsAn anonymous survey was distributed via email from February 2020 through March 2020 at a large academic system. Internal medicine/pediatrics (46 total) and pediatrics (104 total) primary care providers were selected. Data were collected on the total number of obesity‐related training hours by quartiles, demographics, physicians’ clinical practice patterns, and physicians’ knowledge of pediatric obesity management, along with their perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs.ResultsA total of 73 survey participants completed the survey: 69% were female, 77% were older than 40 years, and 74% were White. Physicians with the highest training were most likely to feel confident when managing pediatric obesity. However, only 20% of all physicians felt confident providing pre‐ and post‐bariatric surgery care, and just 6% of physicians self‐reported achieving management success.ConclusionsIncreased obesity training improves physicians’ confidence and leads to familiarity with management guidelines. Formal obesity training should be prioritized during residency and beyond so that physicians who care for pediatric patients are better equipped to offer unbiased and effective care.
Fused deposition modeling of poly (lactic acid)/almond shell composite filaments
Authors: Song Xiaohui , He Wei , Chen Peiqi , Wei Qingsong , Wen Jingxian , Xiao Guorui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, poly (lactic acid)/almond shell powder (PLA/ASP) composite filaments were prepared using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. The influence of chemical treatments on the chemical groups of ASP was determined, and the effects of material ratios (3, 5, 10, and 15 wt%) and sliane concentration (2, 4, 6, and 8 wt%) on thermal and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The optimal ratio in the PLA/ASP composite was observed at 10 wt% ASP and 4 wt% silane. With the optimal processing parameters, the Td0 (onset temperature) and Td1 (the temperature at the maximum degradation rate) of PLA were enhanced. Furthermore, the tensile and compressive strengths of PLA were increased. Finally, porous scaffolds using PA15S4 filament were manufactured, which have a controllable porosity of 10% to 75%, interconnected pores size of 100 to 900 μm and a satisfy compressive modulus. The results indicated that the PLA/ASP composites have the potential to be used to prepare lighter‐weight parts with internal pores by using FDM.
A sorghum gigantea mutant attenuates florigen gene expression and delays flowering time
Authors: Abdul‐Awal S. M. , Chen Junping , Xin Zhanguo , Harmon Frank G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGIGANTEA (GI) is a conserved plant‐specific gene that modulates a range of environmental responses in multiple plant species, including playing a key role in photoperiodic regulation of flowering time. The C4 grass Sorghum bicolor is an important grain and subsistence crop, animal forage, and cellulosic biofuel feedstock that is tolerant of abiotic stresses and marginal soils. To understand sorghum flowering time regulatory networks, we characterized the sbgi‐ems1 nonsense mutant allele of the sorghum GIGANTEA (SbGI) gene from a sequenced M4 EMS‐mutagenized BTx623 population. sbgi‐ems1 plants flowered later than wild type siblings under both long‐day or short‐day photoperiods. Delayed flowering in sbgi‐ems1 plants accompanied an increase in node number, indicating an extended vegetative growth phase prior to flowering. sbgi‐ems1 plants had reduced expression of floral activator genes SbCO and SbEHD1 and downstream FT‐like florigen genes SbFT, SbCN8, and SbCN12. Therefore, SbGI plays a role in regulating SbCO and SbEHD1 expression that serves to accelerate flowering. SbGI protein physically interacts with the sorghum FLAVIN‐BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F‐BOX1‐like (SbFFL) protein, a conserved flowering‐associated blue light photoreceptor, and the SbGI‐SbFFL interaction is stimulated by blue light. This work demonstrates that SbGI is an activator of sorghum flowering time upstream of florigen genes under short‐ and long‐day photoperiods, likely in association with the activity of the blue light photoreceptor SbFFL.Significance StatementThis study elucidates molecular details of flowering time networks for the adaptable C4 cereal crop Sorghum bicolor, including demonstration of a role for blue light sensing in sorghum GIGANTEA activity. This work validates the utility of a large publicly available sequenced EMS‐mutagenized sorghum population to determine gene function.
Effects of the atomic number of alkali atom and pore size of graphyne on the second‐order nonlinear optical response of superalkali salts of graphynesOM3+@GYs−(M = Li, Na, and K)
Authors: Hou Na , Du Fang‐Yue , Feng Ran , Wu Hai‐Shun , Li Zhi‐Ru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBased on the combination of novel carbon material graphynes (GYs) and superalkalis (OM3), a class of GY superalkali complexes, OM3+@(GY/GDY/GTY)−(M = Li, Na, and K), has been designed and investigated using the density functional theory method. Computational results reveal that these complexes with high stability can be regarded as novel superalkali salts of GYs due to electron transfer from OM3to GYs. For second‐order nonlinear optical response, these superalkali salts exhibit large first hyperpolarizabilities (β0). Two essential effects onβ0values are found, namely, the atomic number of alkali atom in superalkali and the pore size of GY. Integrating the two effects, the selected combination of OLi3with large pore size graphtrigne (GTY) can lead to a considerableβ0value (6.5 × 105au), which is a new record for superatom‐doped GYs. In the resulting complex, the OLi3unit is located at the center of the pore of GTY, forming a planar structure with the highest stability among these salts. Besides largeβ0values, these superalkali salts of GYs have a deep‐ultraviolet working region; hence, they can be considered a kind of high‐performance deep‐ultraviolet NLO molecule.
An intra‐operative video comparison of laparoscopic versus robotic transabdominal lateral adrenalectomy
Authors: Gokceimam Mehmet , Akbulut Serkan , Erten Ozgun , Kahramangil Bora , Kim Yoo S. , Li Pengpeng , Berber Eren 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe aim was to compare intraoperative conduct of adrenalectomy between laparoscopic and robotic approaches.MethodsIntraoperative video‐recordings of patients who underwent robotic (n = 30) and laparoscopic adrenalectomy (n = 30) were analysed using Mann–Whitney U, chi‐square and multivariate regression analyses.ResultsDemographics, indications and outcomes were similar between groups. For all tumour sizes, camera was more engaged to surgical task and exhibited less vision problems in robotic versus laparoscopic group. There was less instrument exchange and restriction of exposure with robotic approach. For dissection, robotic approach allowed for a wider range of instrument reach around adrenal. Robotically, there was an increased ability to do fine dissection, rather than en bloc division with rigid laparoscopic vessel sealers. Bleeding problems were less robotically.ConclusionDespite similarities in post‐operative morbidity and hospital stay, there was a superiority in quality of procedure performed with robotic versus laparoscopic adrenalectomy for both small and large adrenal tumours.
Population effect of a large‐scale stream restoration effort on Chinook salmon in the Pahsimeroi River, Idaho
Authors: Copeland Timothy , Blythe Demitra , Schoby Windy , Felts Eli , Murphy Patrick 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStream habitat restoration is an important tool for fisheries management in impaired lotic systems. Although small‐scale benefits of stream habitat restoration are commonly investigated, it is difficult to demonstrate population effects. The Pahsimeroi River Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha population was previously restricted to the lower portion of the river by multiple irrigation structures. To address fish passage issues, a combination of restoration projects was initiated including barrier removals, instream flow enhancements and installation of fish screens on diversions. The largest barrier was removed in 2009, more than doubling the amount of accessible linear habitat. We hypothesized restoration efforts would expand the distribution of spawning salmon in the Pahsimeroi River watershed, leading to a broader distribution of juveniles. We also hypothesized a broader juvenile distribution would have population effects by reducing the prevalence of density‐dependent growth and survival. Redds were documented in newly accessible habitat immediately following barrier removal and accounted for a median of 42% of all redds in the Pahsimeroi River watershed during 2009–2015. Snorkel surveys also documented juvenile rearing in newly accessible habitat. Juvenile productivity increased from a median of 64 smolts/female spawner for brood years 2002–2008 to 99 smolts/female spawner for brood years 2009–2014. Overall, results suggested increased habitat accessibility in the Pahsimeroi River broadened the distribution of spawning adult and rearing juvenile salmon and reduced the effects of density‐dependent survival. Large‐scale stream restoration efforts can have a population effect. Despite the large‐scale effort and response, habitat restoration alone is likely not sufficient to restore this population.