bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Role Residual: Retired Police Officers and the Inertia of Habitus
Authors: Parnaby Patrick , Weston Crystal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we bring conceptual clarity to the literature on “role residual.” Based on the extant literature and our own research involving police retirees, we first delineate three empirical variants of role residual: emotional, cognitive, and behavioral. We then make the case that a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon requires a theoretical framework capable of conceptualizing role residual in a way that is consistent with a broader theory of practice. To that end, we use Bourdieu's work to argue that role residual comprises states of being or behavior that occur at the intersection of (a) schemas and dispositions inscribed in the habitus as a result of one's prior role‐specific orientation to the field, and (b) a configuration of proximate conditions in the present that is sufficiently similar to what one would have experienced while in one's prior role.
Working the Project: Research Proposals and Everyday Practices for Emerging Feminist Researchers
Authors: Klostermann Janna , McAleese Samantha , Montgomery Lauren , Rodimon Sarah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeeking to support graduate students in engaging in feminist sociological research, we provide guidance on “working the project”—working collaboratively and creatively to foster compassion and solidarity as we bring diverse research projects to fruition. We offer reflections on our everyday experiences and struggles as emerging feminist researchers, including with writing research proposals. We also include four condensed research proposals ‐ on the social organization of care work, sex work, criminal justice, and abortion care ‐ to support fellow students in the process. Spurring collaborative, fun and inclusive ways of working, we speak to feminist scholar‐activists who may require additional support in navigating the social relations of academe, while contributing to collective projects of investigating and remaking the social organization of everyday life.
Are third molars associated with orofacial pain? Findings from the SHIP study
Authors: Mksoud Maria , Ittermann Till , Daboul Amro , Schneider Philipp , Bernhardt Olaf , Koppe Thomas , Bülow Robin , Metelmann Hans‐Robert , Völzke Henry , Kindler Stefan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the association between third molars and orofacial pain. We hypothesized that impacted third molars are a cause of orofacial pain.MethodsMagnetic resonance images of 1808 participants from two population‐based cohorts from Northeastern Germany were analysed to define the status of third molars according to the Pell and Gregory classification. A self‐reported questionnaire and a clinical dental examination were used to detect chronic and acute complaints of orofacial pain, masticatory muscle pain, migraine and other types of headache. Logistic regression models were used to analyse the associations between third molar status and orofacial pain.ResultsIndividuals with impacted third molars in the maxilla had a higher chance of chronic orofacial pain than those with erupted third molars (odds ratio 2.19; 95% CI 1.19‐4.02). No such association was detected for third molars in the lower jaw. Third molars were not associated with masticatory muscle pain, migraine or other types of headache.ConclusionsImpacted maxillary third molars might be a cause of chronic orofacial pain. Thus, physicians should consider the eruption/impaction status of third molars in their decision‐making process when treating patients who complain of orofacial pain.
Open vs laparoscopic adrenalectomy for localized adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Kastelan Darko , Knezevic Nikola , Zibar Tomsic Karin , Alduk Ana‐Marija , Kakarigi Luka , Kastelan Marko , Coric Marijana , Skoric‐Polovina Tanja , Solak Mirsala , Kraljevic Ivana , Balasko Annemarie , Gnjidic Milena , Dusek Tina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to compare the long‐term outcomes of patients with localized adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) subjected to open vs laparoscopic surgery.DesignRetrospective study.PatientsThis retrospective study included 46 patients with the ACC ENSAT stage I‐stage III of whom 23 underwent open surgery (OA group), whereas 23 were subjected to laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA group). The main outcomes analysed in the study were differences between the OA and LA groups in recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsPatients in OA group had larger tumours (120 [70‐250] mm vs 75 [26‐110] mm; P < .001), higher Ki‐67 index (16 [1‐65] % vs 10 [1‐25] %; P = .04) and higher disease stage (P = .01) compared with the patients in the LA group. The median duration of follow‐up for patients underwent OA and LA was 51 (12‐174) and 53 (5‐127) months, respectively. Eight patients (5 OA and 3 LA) experienced recurrent disease, whereas six patients (3 OA and 3 LA) died during follow‐up. No differences in RFS and OS were found between patients who underwent open or laparoscopic surgery.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that in patients with localized ACC and without invasion of extra‐adrenal tissues, LA is a plausible treatment option in terms of RFS and OS. However, our results are limited to referral centres with large experience in the management of patients with ACC and may not necessarily apply to nonspecialized centres.
The clinical expression and impact of multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 during pregnancy
Authors: Hogg Prudence , Thompson Michael , Burgess John 
Published: May 2020

AbstractContextMultiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) is characterized by multisystem neoplasia including primary hyperparathyroidism and pituitary adenoma. Despite the adolescent onset of endocrinopathies, information regarding the impact of maternal MEN 1 on pregnancy is limited to case reports.ObjectiveTo explore pregnancy outcomes in MEN 1 positive women.MethodsRetrospective case series of maternofoetal outcomes MEN 1 positive mothers managed at the Royal Hobart Hospital between 1967 and 2018. Data were retrieved from medical records and Australian averages calculated based on the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare data.ResultsTwenty‐six women with MEN 1 were identified accounting for 96 pregnancies and 76 live born infants. Hyperparathyroidism was evident in 16 pregnancies. A significant increase in serum calcium in the second trimester (β = 0.14, P < .001) occurred that was not mediated by parathyroid hormone. Hypercalcaemia was mild‐moderate with parathyroidectomy or medical management required in one and four pregnancies, respectively. Compared to the Australian average, women with MEN 1 were more likely to develop gestational diabetes (56% vs 8.9%, P = .001), hypertensive disorders (25.9% vs 7.6, P = .018), have shorter gestations (38.1 vs 38.7 weeks, P = .015) and have low birthweight infants (30.1% vs 6.5%, P = .001). However, emergency caesarean deliveries (63.2% vs 52.3%) and miscarriage rate (20.8% vs 20%) were not significantly different.ConclusionMaternal MEN 1 is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders and low neonatal birthweight, but not with an increased miscarriage rate. Whilst hypercalcaemia worsens during the second trimester, most pregnancies progressed without overt complications or requirement for intervention.
Real‐Time Glints Rendering With Pre‐Filtered Discrete Stochastic Microfacets
Authors: Wang Beibei , Deng Hong , Holzschuch Nicolas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMany real‐life materials have a sparkling appearance. Examples include metallic paints, sparkling fabrics and snow. Simulating these sparkles is important for realistic rendering but expensive. As sparkles come from small shiny particles reflecting light into a specific direction, they are very challenging for illumination simulation. Existing approaches use a four‐dimensional hierarchy, searching for light‐reflecting particles simultaneously in space and direction. The approach is accurate, but extremely expensive. A separable model is much faster, but still not suitable for real‐time applications. The performance problem is even worse when illumination comes from environment maps, as they require either a large sample count per pixel or pre‐filtering. Pre‐filtering is incompatible with the existing sparkle models, due to the discrete multi‐scale representation. In this paper, we present a GPU‐friendly, pre‐filtered model for real‐time simulation of sparkles and glints. Our method simulates glints under both environment maps and point light sources in real time, with an added cost of just 10 ms per frame with full high‐definition resolution. Editing material properties requires extra computations but is still real time, with an added cost of 10 ms per frame.
Comparing the predictive ability of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System with the body mass index for use of health services and pharmacotherapies in Australian adults: A nationally representative cross‐sectional study
Authors: Atlantis Evan , Fahey Paul , Williams Kathryn , Edwards Suzanne , Samaras Katherine , Dugdale Paul , Shi Zumin , Sharma Arya M. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryWe assessed the value of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) compared with the body mass index (BMI) for determining associations with use of health services and pharmacotherapies in a nationally representative sample of participants in the 2011–2013 Australian Health Survey. A subsample of participants aged 18 years or over, with at least overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) or central obesity (waist measurement of ≥102 cm for men; ≥88 cm for women), and who had provided physical measurements (n = 9730) were selected for analysis. For statistical significance of each predictor, we used logistic regression for model comparisons with the BMI and EOSS separately, and adjusted for covariates. For relative explanatory ability, we used the Nagelkerke pseudo R2, receiver operating characteristic curve, and area under curve statistic. The EOSS was significantly better than the BMI for predicting polypharmacy and most of the health service use variables. Conversely, the BMI was significantly better than the EOSS for predicting having discussed lifestyle changes relevant to weight loss with the primary care physician. Clinicians, health care professionals, consumers, and policy makers should consider the EOSS a more accurate predictor of polypharmacy and health service use than the BMI in adults with overweight or obesity.
Temporal Binding, Causation, and Agency: Developing a New Theoretical Framework
Authors: Hoerl Christoph , Lorimer Sara , McCormack Teresa , Lagnado David A. , Blakey Emma , Tecwyn Emma C. , Buehner Marc J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn temporal binding, the temporal interval between one event and another, occurring some time later, is subjectively compressed. We discuss two ways in which temporal binding has been conceptualized. In studies showing temporal binding between a voluntary action and its causal consequences, such binding is typically interpreted as providing a measure of an implicit or pre‐reflective “sense of agency.” However, temporal binding has also been observed in contexts not involving voluntary action, but only the passive observation of a cause–effect sequence. In those contexts, it has been interpreted as a top‐down effect on perception reflecting a belief in causality. These two views need not be in conflict with one another, if one thinks of them as concerning two separate mechanisms through which temporal binding can occur. In this paper, we explore an alternative possibility: that there is a unitary way of explaining temporal binding both within and outside the context of voluntary action as a top‐down effect on perception reflecting a belief in causality. Any such explanation needs to account for ways in which agency, and factors connected with agency, has been shown to affect the strength of temporal binding. We show that principles of causal inference and causal selection already familiar from the literature on causal learning have the potential to explain why the strength of people's causal beliefs can be affected by the extent to which they are themselves actively involved in bringing about events, thus in turn affecting binding.
A two‐level authentication scheme for clone node detection in smart cities using Internet of things
Authors: Shanmugam Anitha , Paramasivam Jayanthi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractClone node attack in IoT sensor devices remains a grave security concern as it paves the way for sinkhole, wormhole, and selective forwarding attacks. In this paper, a two‐level authentication scheme named Fingerprint‐based Zero‐Knowledge Authentication (FZKA) algorithm is proposed to improve the detection rate of clone node among the sensor devices. In the fingerprint generation phase, the base station calculates a distinct fingerprint value for each and every node in the network by gathering neighborhood information, represented in the form of superimposed s‐disjunct code matrix. The calculated fingerprint is considered as a secret value and distributed to each cluster nodes for the process of authentication. The FZKA algorithm improves the cloned node detection accuracy with minimal detection time. The simulation results highlight the cloned node detection rate of the proposed scheme by a margin of 92.5% against the existing Exponential Smoothing Algorithm (ETS), Position Verification Method, and Message Verification and Passing algorithms.
Machine learning approach to handle data‐driven model for simulation and forecasting of the cone crusher output in the stone crushing plant
Authors: Abuhasel Khaled Ali 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGrinding and crushing of stones and other particles are associated with various significant applications. Different sectors have continuously evolved in this area. In the crushing industry, plants function under strict conditions, many of which involve grinding materials. Therefore, various factors are responsible for how the crushers perform. This research investigated the ability of the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to simulate the effects of throw, eccentric speed, closed side setting, and the size of the particle on crusher output. The developed simulation model was adjusted and authenticated alongside the experimental data of the investigated parameters. The model's performance was computed by the use of several prediction criteria skills. The results of the study indicated that the developed ANFIS model could simulate the Cone crusher output and give a dependable forecast of the cumulative weight fraction. The researchers resolved that the model fostered was a suitable instrument for the onsite cone crusher assessment.
Continuous positive pressure therapy usage and incident stroke in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Chang En‐Ting , Chen Weishan , Wang Ling‐Yi , Chen Shih‐Fen , Hsu Chung‐Y , Shen Yu‐Chih 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the main treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). To date, the link between CPAP usage and incident stroke has been inconsistent.ObjectiveThis nationwide population study is designed to examine the effect of CPAP on stroke incidence in OSA patients.MethodsUsing Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), this study collected data from 4275 OSA patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2011 and divided them into two groups according to whether they received CPAP treatment. After matching baseline demographics and comorbidities, both cohorts contained 959 OSA patients and were followed to a newly diagnosed stroke or until the end of 2013. Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the incidence of stroke between patients with OSA receiving CPAP or no CPAP treatment.ResultsCPAP treatment for OSA patients predicted a lower incidence rate (3.41 vs 5.43 per 1000 person‐years) and tended to protect against the development of stroke (hazard ratio (HR): 0.68, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.38‐1.23) compared to those without CPAP treatment, but the estimate was not statistically significant. Similar results were also observed by dividing stroke into ischemic (2.65 vs 4.30 per 1000 person‐years; HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.35‐1.31) or hemorrhagic origin (0.76 vs 1.12 per 1000 person‐years; HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.19‐2.40).ConclusionsIt is possible that treatment with CPAP might be beneficial for protection against stroke, but this conclusion should be interpreted with caution. Future studies with satisfactory CPAP quality and duration are needed to validate this observation.
Do‐it‐yourself closed‐loop systems for people living with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Dowling L. , Wilmot E. G. , Choudhary P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGrowing numbers of people with type 1 diabetes are using do‐it‐yourself closed‐loop systems. While these technologies are not approved by regulatory bodies and are not commercially available, users of the technology report improvements in HbA1c and time in range, and reduced burden of diabetes. Healthcare professionals have expressed their concern that legal or regulatory body actions could ensue if they support people who choose to use do‐it‐yourself closed‐loop systems. Diabetes UK’s position statements make recommendations that aim to provide guidance for both people with diabetes and healthcare professionals, based on the current professional and legal situation. They respect an individual’s right to make their own informed decisions about their diabetes management, and recommend that they should have access to the technology they need for optimal diabetes management. People who wish to use do‐it‐yourself closed‐loop systems should continue to receive support and care from their diabetes team. Healthcare professionals should engage in conversations around do‐it‐yourself closed‐loop systems, if the issue is raised, to allow a balanced discussion of risks and benefits. However, healthcare professionals cannot recommend the use of do‐it‐yourself closed‐loop systems because of a lack of regulatory body approval and robust, published research to support safety or effectiveness. People using this technology should be aware that they do so at their own risk. This position statement recognizes that the development of diabetes technology is a rapidly changing environment, and guidance around do‐it‐yourself systems is required from professional and regulatory bodies.
A key effector, BxSapB2, plays a role in the pathogenicity of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Zhao Qun , Hu Long‐Jiao , Wu Xiao‐Qin , Wang Yuan‐Chao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes huge economic losses in pine forests. The plant‐parasitic nematodes have a complex life cycle that includes the secretion of effector proteins through a stylet into the host cell to promote parasitism. In this study, SignalP 4.1 and TMHMM 2.0 were used in preliminary screens for candidate effectors and were expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana through the PVX virus expression vector. The yeast signal sequence trap system was used to further study the function of the signal peptide of an effector, BxSapB2. In situ hybridization was conducted to investigate the localization of BxSapB2, followed by RNA interference technology (RNAi) to assess the functions of BxSapB2. The results demonstrate that BxSapB2 is a secreted protein that induces cell death in N. benthamiana and is highly expressed in esophageal gland cells and amphids of B. xylophilus. BxSapB2 was determined to be related to the pathogenicity of B. xylophilus. The results of this work indicate that BxSapB2 plays an important role in the interactions between B. xylophilus and the hosts.
IgH translocation with undefined partners is associated with superior outcome in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Mao Xue‐Han , Zhuang Jun‐Ling , Zhao Duo‐Duo , Li Xiao‐Qing , Du Xin , Hao Mu , Xu Yan , Yan Yu‐Ting , Liu Jia‐Hui , Fan Hui‐Shou , Sui Wei‐Wei , Deng Shu‐Hui , Li Cheng‐Wen , Zhao Jia‐Wei , Yi Shu‐Hua , Du Chen‐Xing , Zou De‐Hui , Li Zeng‐Jun , Zhao Yao‐Zhong , Zhan Feng‐Huang , Tai Yu‐Tzu , Fang Bai‐Jun , Song Yong‐Ping , Wang Jian‐Xiang , Anderson Kenneth C. , Qiu Lu‐Gui , An Gang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn multiple myeloma (MM), impact of specific chromosomal translocations involving IgH (14q21 locus, including t(4;14), t(11;14), and t(14;16)) has been explored extensively. However, over 15% MM patients harboring IgH translocation with undefined partners have long been ignored.MethodsA prospective non‐randomized cohort study with a total of 715 newly‐diagnosed MM cases was conducted, 13.6% of whom were t(14;undefined) positive. The whole cohort was divided into four groups: no IgH split (47.7%); t(14;undefined) (13.6%); t(11;14) (17.6%); and t(4;14) or t(14;16) group (21.1%).ResultsMedian OS for the four groups was 84.2, not reached (NR), 58.7, and 44.2 months, respectively, with P values for t(14;undefined) vs no IgH split, t(11;14), and t(4;14)/t(14;16) groups of 0.197, 0.022, and 0.001, respectively. In bortezomib‐based group, the survival advantage gained by t(14;undefined) group was much more significant compared to t(11;14) and t(4;14)/t(14;16) groups. Importantly, t(14;undefined) turned out to be an independent predictive factor for longer OS of MM patients in multivariate analysis, especially in the context of bortezomib treatment. Similar results were also observed in the PUMCH external validation cohort.ConclusionCollectively, our data confirmed and externally validated the favorable prognosis of the t(14;undefined) groups, especially in the era of novel agents.
Early volumetric changes of hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex following medial temporal lobe resection
Authors: Pajkert Anna , Ploner Christoph J. , Lehmann Thomas‐Nicolas , Witte Veronica A. , Oltmanns Frank , Sommer Werner , Holtkamp Martin , Heekeren Hauke R. , Finke Carsten 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that cognitive demands and physical exercise stimulate adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and hippocampus. Recent observations in healthy humans and patients with mild cognitive impairment moreover suggest that training‐induced increases in hippocampal volume may be associated with improved memory performance. The corresponding plasticity processes in hippocampal volume may occur on timescales of months to years. For patients with focal lesions in this region, previous functional imaging studies suggest that increased recruitment of the contralateral hippocampus and extratemporal regions may be an important part of the reorganization of episodic memory. However, it is currently unclear whether focal damage to the medial temporal lobe (MTL) induces gray matter (GM) volume changes in the intact contralateral hippocampus and in connected network regions on a shorter timescale. We therefore investigated whether unilateral resection of the MTL, including the hippocampus, induces measurable volumetric changes in the contralateral hippocampus and in the default mode network (DMN). We recruited 31 patients with unilateral left (N = 19) or right (N = 12) hippocampal sclerosis undergoing MTL resection for treatment of drug‐resistant epilepsy. Structural MRI was acquired immediately before and 3 months after surgery. Longitudinal voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analysis revealed a significant increase of right hippocampal volume following resection of the left anterior MTL. Furthermore, this patient group showed GM volume increases in the DMN. These results demonstrate significant structural plasticity of the contralateral hippocampus, even in patients with a long‐standing unilateral hippocampal dysfunction and structural reorganization processes extending to distant, but functionally connected brain regions.