bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L‐Carnitine metabolism, protein turnover and energy expenditure in supplemented and exercised Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Varney Jessica Lyn , Fowler Jason William , McClaughry Trenda Clarice , Vignale Karen , Caldas Justina , Weil Jordan Taylor , Coon Craig Nelson 
Published: June 2020

AbstractL‐Carnitine is critical for protection against bioaccumulation, long‐chain fatty acid transportation and energy production. Energy production becomes important as the body maintains lean mass, repairs muscles and recovers from oxidative stress. The aim was to investigate the effects of supplemented L‐carnitine on protein turnover (PT), energy expenditure (EE) and carnitine metabolism in muscle/serum of Labrador Retrievers. In a series of experiments, all dogs were fed a low‐carnitine diet and sorted into one of two groups: L‐carnitine (LC) supplemented daily with 125 mg L‐carnitine and 3.75 g sucrose or placebo (P) supplemented with 4 g sucrose daily. The experiments consisted of analyses of muscle/serum for L‐carnitine content (EXP1), a protein turnover experiment (EXP2) and analysis of substrate utilization via indirect calorimetry (EXP3). EXP1: 20 Labradors (10 M/10 F) performed a 13 week running regimen. L‐Carnitine content was analysed in the serum and biceps femoris muscle before/after a 24.1 km run. LC serum had higher total (p < .001; p = .001), free (p < .001; p = .001) and esterified (p = .001; p = .003) L‐carnitine pre‐ and post‐run respectively. LC muscle had significantly higher free L‐carnitine post‐run (p = .034). EXP2: 26 Labs (13 M/13 F) performed a 60‐day running regimen. For the final run, half of the Labradors from each treatment rested and half ran 24.1 km. Twenty‐four Labradors received isotope infusion, and then, a biopsy of the biceps femoris of all 26 Labradors was taken to determine PT. Resting/exercised LC had a lower fractional breakdown rate (FBR) versus P group (p = .042). LC females had a lower FBR v. P females (p = .046). EXP3: Respiration of 16 Labradors (8 M/8 F) was measured via indirect calorimetry over 15 week. All dogs ran on a treadmill for 30 min at 30% VO2 max (6.5 kph), resulting in higher maximum and mean EE in LC females v. P females (p = .021; p = .035). Implications for theory, practice and future research are discussed.
Simone de Beauvoir, stream of consciousness and philosophical fiction: Becoming a self in the first draft of She Came to Stay
Authors: Battersby Christine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article locates Simone de Beauvoir in the stream of consciousness, metaphysical novel, and Bildungsroman writing traditions. Its focus is the two opening chapters from the 1938 draft of Beauvoir's first novel, She Came to Stay—first published in French in 1943 as L’Invitée—and deleted at the insistence of her publishers. Although Beauvoir's own philosophical fictions are, in general, linked to Hegel's phenomenology and to Sartre's existentialism, in the discarded text, it is Schopenhauer and Nietzsche who are key to Beauvoir's account of the developing female self. Beauvoir's narrative and philosophical strategies are compared to those adopted by May Sinclair in Mary Olivier (1919). The influence of other stream of consciousness novelists is also registered. Beauvoir's recently published teenage diaries, which record a “passion” for Schopenhauer, are discussed, together with his mysticism and his misogyny. The article ends by considering Beauvoir's reasons for abandoning stream of consciousness narrative techniques.
Plasma membrane aquaporins interact with the endoplasmic reticulum resident VAP27 proteins at ER–PM contact sites and endocytic structures
Authors: Fox Ana Romina , Scochera Florencia , Laloux Timothée , Filik Karolina , Degand Hervé , Morsomme Pierre , Alleva Karina , Chaumont François 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Plasma membrane (PM) intrinsic proteins (PIPs) are aquaporins facilitating the diffusion of water and small solutes. The functional importance of the PM organisation of PIPs in the interaction with other cellular structures is not completely understood.

We performed a pull‐down assay using maize (Zea mays) suspension cells expressing YFP‐ZmPIP2;5 and validated the protein interactions by yeast split‐ubiquitin and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. We expressed interacting proteins tagged with fluorescent proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and performed water transport assays in oocytes. Finally, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted.

The PM‐located ZmPIP2;5 physically interacts with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident ZmVAP27‐1. This interaction requires the ZmVAP27‐1 cytoplasmic major sperm domain. ZmPIP2;5 and ZmVAP27‐1 localise in close vicinity in ER–PM contact sites (EPCSs) and endocytic structures upon exposure to salt stress conditions. This interaction enhances PM water permeability in oocytes. Similarly, the Arabidopsis ZmVAP27‐1 paralogue, AtVAP27‐1, interacts with the AtPIP2;7 aquaporin.

Together, these data indicate that the PIP2–VAP27 interaction in EPCSs is evolutionarily conserved, and suggest that VAP27 might stabilise the aquaporins and guide their endocytosis in response to salt stress.
Brain responses to change in phonological structures of varying complexity in children and adults
Authors: David Céline , Roux Sylvie , Bonnet‐Brilhault Frédérique , Ferré Sandrine , Gomot Marie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLanguage‐related change‐detection processes are often investigated using syllables that are very simple in terms of phonological structure. However, phonological complexity is known to be challenging for young typically developing children and pathological populations. We investigated brain correlates of phonological processing and their age‐related changes with a passive change‐detection protocol including stimuli of varying phonological complexity, which allowed comparing responses to simple and complex phonological deviancies. Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and Late Discriminative Negativity (LDN) responses were recorded in both school‐age children (n = 22) and adults (n = 24). MMN was similar for simple and complex phonological deviancy in both groups, whereas LDN appeared to be modulated by phonological complexity, albeit with different patterns according to age. In response to complex phonological change, children displayed a larger LDN response with a typical fronto‐central scalp distribution, while adults showed an additional right‐posterior activity but no larger amplitude than for simple change. Thus, LDN appears to be a good electrophysiological index of phonological complexity processing. This study validated the use of the LDN through this protocol for the investigation of phonological complexity processing throughout the development.
Is biomass of filamentous green algae Cladophora spp. (Chlorophyta, Ulvophyceae) an unlimited cheap and valuable resource for medicine and pharmacology? A review
Authors: Prazukin Alexander V. , Anufriieva Elena V. , Shadrin Nickolai V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFilamentous green algae Cladophora spp. are cosmopolitans inhabiting waters with different salinity, from freshwater to hypersaline. Eutrophication of marine and inland waters results in the huge development of filamentous green algae, which reach high biomass and occupy large areas in different water bodies. This leads to the strong negative effect on the species richness of communities, significantly reduces the aesthetic value of coastal waters, hampers the recreational use of beaches and the coastline, and complicates industrial water intake and coastal fishing. Harvesting and the use of Cladophora biomass can be an effective tool to remediate eutrophic waters. Cladophora spp. are also among the most promising subjects to use in the development of integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture; there is a big potential to use it. Aquaculture is one of the potential uses. To plan the use of a resource, business needs to know the availability and quantity of the resource, the price of the resource, as well as for what benefit and how it can be used. This review summarizes and analyses existing data to answer these questions. Cladophora biomass can be used for food for humans, livestock, cultivated fish and shrimps, as fertilizers, in the energy sector (biogas and biodiesel), and different industries. The use of Cladophora in medicine and pharmacology is one of the most profitable promising ways to utilize the biomass. This review shows that Cladophora biomass is an unlimited, low cost and valuable resource for medicine and pharmacology.
Quantifying the three‐dimensional stratigraphic expression of cyclic steps by integrating seafloor and deep‐water outcrop observations
Authors: Englert Rebecca G. , Hubbard Stephen M. , Cartigny Matthieu J. B. , Clare Michael A. , Coutts Daniel S. , Hage Sophie , Hughes Clarke John , Jobe Zane , Lintern D. Gwyn , Stacey Cooper , Vendettuoli Daniela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeep‐water deposits are important archives of Earth’s history including the occurrence of powerful flow events and the transfer of large volumes of terrestrial detritus into the world’s oceans. However the interpretation of depositional processes and palaeoflow conditions from the deep‐water sedimentary record has been limited due to a lack of direct observations from modern depositional systems. Recent seafloor studies have resulted in novel findings, including the presence of upslope‐migrating bedforms such as cyclic steps formed by supercritical turbidity currents that produce distinct depositional signatures. This study builds on process to product relationships for cyclic steps using modern and ancient datasets by providing sedimentological and quantitative, three‐dimensional architectural analyses of their deposits, which are required for recognition and palaeoflow interpretations of sedimentary structures in the rock record. Repeat‐bathymetric surveys from two modern environments (Squamish prodelta, Canada, and Monterey Canyon, USA) were used to examine the stratigraphic evolution connected with relatively small‐scale (average 40 to 55 m wavelengths and 1.5 to 3.0 m wave heights) upslope‐migrating bedforms interpreted to be cyclic steps within submarine channels and lobes. These results are integrated to interpret a succession of Late Cretaceous Nanaimo Group deep‐water slope deposits exposed on Gabriola Island, Canada. Similar deposit dimensions, facies and architecture are observed in all datasets, which span different turbidite‐dominated settings (prodelta, upper submarine canyon and deep‐water slope) and timescales (days, years or thousands of years). Bedform deposits are typically tens of metres long/wide, <1 m thick and make up successions of low‐angle, backstepping trough‐shaped lenses composed of massive sands/sandstones. These results support process‐based relationships for these deposits, associated with similar cyclic step bedforms formed by turbidity currents with dense basal layers under low‐aggradation conditions. Modern to ancient comparisons reveal the stratigraphic expression of globally prevalent, small‐scale, sandy upslope‐migrating bedforms on the seafloor, which can be applied to enhance palaeoenvironmental interpretations and understand long‐term preservation from ancient deep‐water deposits.
Saturated fatty acids activate the inflammatory signalling pathway in Schwann cells: Implication in sciatic nerve injury
Authors: Xu Dan , Liang Jie , Cui Mengli , Zhang Li , Ren Shurong , Zheng Wenxiang , Dong Xiaolei , Zhang Bei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSciatic nerve injury affects quality of life. Many immune cells and inflammatory cytokines have been reported to be involved in sciatic nerve injury, but little is known about the ligands and receptors that trigger inflammatory responses. By using a modified sciatic nerve clamp injury method, we found that the recruitment of Schwann cells and the inflammatory response were enhanced after sciatic nerve injury. Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), one of the major members of the TLR family, is highly expressed in Schwann cells. Under certain conditions, myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) binds to TLR4 on the membrane and plays important roles in the inflammatory response. The reductions in the recruitment of Schwann cells and the inflammatory response induced by the blockade of TLR4 or MD2 suggest that TLR4 and MD2 are involved in sciatic nerve injury. What are the endogenous signals that activate the inflammatory response? A large number of free saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are released from Schwann cells, adipocytes and the blood after sciatic nerve injury. Liang et al reported that Schwann cells can be stimulated by palmitic acid (PA). Here, we found that the expression and secretion of TNF‐α and IL‐6 were enhanced by PA treatment. Moreover, PA activated TLR4 signalling pathway‐related proteins and stimulated a strong association between TLR4 and MD2. Blocking TLR4 or MD2 reversed the PA‐induced inflammatory response and TLR4 downstream signalling pathway. Thus, we speculated that SFAs act as endogenous ligands that activate TLR4/MD2, thus triggering Schwann cell inflammation during sciatic nerve injury.
Shifting Geographies of Knowledge Production: The Coronavirus Effect
Authors: Mendes Thiago , Carvalho Luís 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis research note analyses the evolving geographies of coronavirus disease research before and during the first three months of the 2020 epidemic outbreak. An examination of global networks of scientific co‐production highlights the increasing centrality and knowledge intermediation profile of Chinese organisations. It is argued that it is important to understand these global geographies and networks, as they may signal varying (and cumulative) abilities to generate, intermediate, and access relevant knowledge in the face of epidemic outbreaks.
Knee Valgus Versus Knee Abduction Angle: Comparative Analysis of Medial Knee Collapse Definitions in Female Athletes
Authors: Oldfather Taylor , Zabala Michael , Goodlett Michael , Murrah William (Hank) 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The knee valgus angle (KVA) is heavily researched as it has been shown to correlate to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries when measured during jumping activities. Many different methods of KVA calculation are often treated as equivalent. The purpose of this study is to elucidate differences between these commonly used angles within and across activities to determine if they can indeed properly be treated as equivalent. The kinematics of 23 female athletes, D1 soccer, D1 basketball, and club soccer (height = 171.2 ± 88.9 cm, weight = 66.3 ± 8.6 kg, age = 19.8 ± 1.9 years), was analyzed using a motion capture system during activities related to their sport and daily living. The abduction KVA, measured using body fixed axes, only correlated to the two-dimensional (2D) global reference frame angle (KVA 2G) in three of the six activities (walking, squatting, and walking down stairs), and one out of six in the three-dimensional (3D) measurements (jogging). This suggests that the abduction KVA does not always relate to other versions of KVA. The KVA with reference to the pelvis coordinate system (KVA 2P) correlated to the KVA 2G in six out of six activities (r = 0.734  ±  0.037, P &lt;&lt; 0.001) suggesting the pelvis can be utilized as a reference plane during rotating tasks, such as run-to-cut, when a fixed global system is less meaningful. Not all measures of KVA are equivalent and should be considered individually. A thorough understanding of the equivalence or nonequivalence of various measures of KVA is essential in understanding ACL injury risk.
Analysis of the Effect of Vessel Failure and Melt Release on Risk of Containment Failure Due to Ex-Vessel Steam Explosion in Nordic Boiling Water Reactor Using ROAAM+ Framework
Authors: Galushin Sergey , Grishchenko Dmitry , Kudinov Pavel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nordic boiling water reactor (BWR) design employs ex-vessel debris coolability in a deep pool of water as a severe accident management (SAM) strategy. Depending on melt release conditions from the vessel and core–melt coolant interactions, containment integrity can be threatened by: (i) formation of noncoolable debris bed or (ii) energetic steam explosion. Melt is released from the vessel affect ex-vessel phenomena and is recognized as the major source of uncertainty. The risk-oriented accident analysis methodology (ROAAM+) is used for quantification of the risk of containment failure in Nordic BWR where melt ejection mode surrogate model (MEM SM) provides initial conditions for the analysis of debris agglomeration and ex-vessel steam explosion which determine the respective loads on the containment. Melt ejection SM is based on the system analysis code methods for estimation of leakages and consequences of releases (computer code) (MELCOR). Modeling of vessel failure and melt release from the vessel in MELCOR is based on parametric models, allowing a user to select different assumptions that effectively control lower head (LH) behavior and melt release. The work addresses the effect of epistemic uncertain parameters and modeling assumptions in MEM SM on the containment loads due to ex-vessel steam explosion in Nordic BWR. Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis performed to identify the most influential parameters and uncertainty in the risk of containment failure due to ex-vessel steam explosion. The results of the analysis provide valuable insights regarding the effect of MELCOR models, modeling parameters, and sensitivity coefficients on melt release conditions and predictions of ex-vessel steam explosion loads on the containment structures.
Outcomes of the Boston type 1 and the Aurolab keratoprosthesis in eyes with
limbal stem cell deficiency
Authors: Shanbhag Swapna S , Senthil Sirisha , Mohamed Ashik , Basu Sayan 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
To analyse the outcomes of keratoprosthesis in eyes with limbal stem cell
deficiency (LSCD) and to compare the outcomes in two different keratoprosthesis
devices.

Methods
This was a single-centre retrospective comparative case series which
included 81 eyes of patients with severe bilateral corneal blindness secondary
to LSCD. The patients underwent either Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (Boston
Kpro, n=44) or Aurolab keratoprosthesis (AuroKpro, n=37) implantation. The
primary outcome measures of anatomical retention and functional recovery of
20/200 or better visual acuity at yearly time points until 5 years of follow-up
were compared between the two groups.

Results
The most common indication overall was chemical injury (64.2%). Anatomical
retention rates were similar in the Boston Kpro (30/44, 68.2%) and AuroKpro
(23/37, 62.2%) groups (p=0.89). Kaplan-Meier survival rates at 5 years of
follow-up were greater for the Boston Kpro group with respect to both
anatomical retention (58.51%±9% vs 43.8±12%; p=0.23) as well as functional
recovery (42.61%±8% vs 35.03±10%; p=0.9); these differences were not
statistically significant. Overall, the most common complication was new-onset
glaucoma (59%; 48/81). The difference in incidence rate of this complication
was not statistically significant among the two groups (p=0.09).

Conclusion
Keratoprosthesis is an effective treatment option for patients with
corneal blindness secondary to LSCD. In a setting where LSCD is a common cause
of corneal blindness, the AuroKpro, when available can be considered an
alternative to the Boston Kpro to achieve anatomical and functional success in
patients who otherwise would not have access to this device.
Hospital diagnosed pneumonia before age 20 years and multiple sclerosis risk
Authors: Smith Kelsi A , Hiyoshi Ayako , Burkill Sarah , Bahmanyar Shahram , Öckinger Johan , Alfredsson Lars , Olsson Tomas , Montgomery Scott 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionRespiratory inflammation has been proposed as a risk factor for MS. This study aims to determine if hospital-diagnosed pneumonia in adolescence (before age 20 years) is associated with subsequent multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsThis case-control study included incident MS cases after age 20 years identified using the Swedish national registers. Cases were matched with 10 general population controls by age, sex and region. Pneumonia diagnoses were identified between 0–5, 6–10, 11–15 and 16–20 years of age. Conditional logistic regression models adjusted for infectious mononucleosis (IM) and education calculated ORs with 95% CIs. Urinary tract infections (UTIs), a common complication of MS, before age 20 years were included as a control diagnosis for reverse causation.ResultsThere were 6109 cases and 49 479 controls included. Pneumonia diagnosed between age 11–15 years was associated with subsequent MS (adj OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.27). Although not statistically significant, sensitivity analyses showed similar magnitude associations of pneumonia between age 11–15 years and MS. No statistically significant associations with MS for pneumonia at other age groups were observed. Adjustment for IM had no notable effect on associations, but was statistically significantly associated with MS. UTIs were not associated with MS.ConclusionPneumonia at 11–15 years of age was associated with MS, suggesting a possible role for inflammation of the respiratory system in the aetiology of MS during a period of susceptibility in adolescence. Further research on respiratory infections prior to MS onset should be conducted to replicate this finding and determine explanatory causal mechanisms.
Appropriateness, effectiveness and safety of care delivered in Canadian hospitals: a longitudinal assessment on the utility of publicly reported performance trend data between 2012–2013 and 2016–2017
Authors: Fekri Omid , Manukyan Edgar , Klazinga Niek 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the utility of publicly reported performance trend results of Canadian hospitals (by hospital size/type and jurisdiction).DesignLongitudinal observational study.Setting489 hospitals in Canada between fiscal years 2012–2013 and 2016–2017.ParticipantsAnalysis focused on indicator results of individual Canadian hospitals.Primary and secondary outcomesEight outcome indicators of hospital performance: in-hospital mortality (2), readmissions (4) and adverse events (2). Performance trend outcomes of improving, weakening or no change over time. Comparators in performance by hospital size/type of above, below or same as average.ResultsAt the national level, between 2012–2013 and 2016–2017, Canadian hospitals largely reduced in-hospital mortality: hospital deaths (hospital standardised mortality ratio) −9%; hospital deaths following major surgery −11.1%. Conversely, readmission to hospital increased nationwide: medical 1.5%; obstetric 5%; patients aged 19 years and younger 4.6% and surgical 3%. In-hospital sepsis declined −7.1%. Approximately 10% of the 489 hospitals in this study had a trend of improving performance over time (n=49) in one or more indicators, and a similar number showed a weakening performance over time (n=52). Roughly half of the hospitals in this study (n=224) had no change in performance over time for at least four out of the eight indicators. No single hospital had an improving or weakening trend in more than two indicators. Teaching and larger-sized hospitals showed a higher ratio of improving performance compared with smaller-sized hospitals.ConclusionsAnalysis of Canadian hospital performance through eight indicators shows improvement of in-hospital mortality and in-hospital sepsis, but rising rates of readmissions. Subdividing the analysis by hospital size/type shows greater instances of improvement in teaching and larger-sized hospitals. There is no clear pattern of a particular province/territory with a significant number of hospitals with improving or weakening trends. The overall assessment of trends of improving and weakening as presented in this study can be used more systematically in monitoring progress.