bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Himalayan tree-ring isotopes reveal increasing regional heterogeneity and enhancement in ice mass loss since the 1960s
Authors: Singh Nilendu , Shekhar Mayank , Singh Jayendra , Gupta Anil K. , Bräuning Achim , Mayr Christoph , Singhal Mohit 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Tree-ring δ18O values are a sensitive proxy for
regional physical climate, while their δ13C values are a strong
predictor of local ecohydrology. Utilizing available ice-core and tree-ring
δ18O records from the central Himalaya (CH), we found an
increase in east–west climate heterogeneity since the 1960s. Further,
δ13C records from transitional western glaciated valleys
provide a robust basis for reconstructing about 3 centuries of glacier
mass balance (GMB) dynamics. We reconstructed annually resolved GMB since
1743 CE based on regionally dominant tree species of diverse
plant functional types. Three major phases became apparent: positive GMB up
to the mid-19th century, the middle phase (1870–1960) of slightly
negative but stable GMB, and an exponential ice mass loss since the 1960s.
Reasons for accelerated mass loss are largely attributed to anthropogenic
climate change, including concurrent alterations in atmospheric circulations
(weakening of the westerlies and the Arabian Sea branch of the Indian summer
monsoon). Multi-decadal isotopic and climate coherency analyses specify an
eastward declining influence of the westerlies in the monsoon-dominated CH
region. Besides, our study provides a long-term context for recent GMB
variability, which is essential for its reliable projection and attribution.
Frog vocalization is influenced by moon phases: Brazilian frogs tend to prefer low-albedo phases
Authors: Lima Mauro S. C. S. , Pederassi Jonas , Caramaschi Ulisses , Sousa Kléssia Denise S. S. , Souza Carlos Alberto S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Lunar phases remarkably influence the circadian cycle of living beings. Early amphibian studies date back to the 1960s, but only recently has more research been conducted in this field. Much still needs to be understood to establish the behavioral pattern of this group according to the synodic cycle. In the present study, we sought to determine (i) whether the vocalization activity was influenced by the lunar phases and (ii) whether the influence was species-specific or affects the community with equal intensity. We expected a great diversity of behaviors and adaptations. Rayleigh's test was used to verify whether the sample differs significantly from the null hypothesis; Rao's test was used to check sample size sufficiency; and the Kiviat diagram was used to evaluate the activity of the species in relation to the complete synodic cycle. We have observed 1691 individuals of 37 species over 882 d. The lunar cycle influenced 78 % of the species, with 32 % preferring the lower-albedo phases. The activity pattern of each species was established. These results suggest that the lunar phases influence the vocalization activity of most species. Therefore, there is a general pattern of activity related to the synodic cycles; however, the specificities still need to be better understood.
A TEXTBOOK FOR THE LEFT? PROVIDING A FRAMEWORK FOR LEFT-WING EDUCATION POLICIES IN LATIN AMERICA
Authors: Burton Guy 
Published: January 2021

The article presents a framework by which the approaches taken in educational policies by the Left in Latin America may be understood. This framework takes the form of a continuum by which left-wing or progressive education, between deep and shallow poles, drawing at an abstract level the continuum on the equalitydifference
features associated with Bobbio’s (1996) Left-Right political spectrum.
Presenting the Cuban (and to a lesser extent) the Sandinista Revolutions as the main source of progressive education in the region prior to the 1980s, the article
examines the neo-liberal and neo-conservative features associated with the New Right and the Left’s response. This took several forms in the 1990s and 2000s: traditional communists (Cuba), Third Way reformers (e.g. the PSDB in Brazil and the Concertacion in Chile) and between first generation (e.g. PT, Frente Amplio, Izquierda Unida, Causa R, Sandinistas since 2007) and second generation (e.g. the Chavez, Morales and Correa governments) radicals. The educational approaches of
each are then placed tentatively along the progressive education spectrum.
Using reflective processes to promote attention To diversity in schools: a study of Practice in chile
Authors: López Ana Luisa 
Published: January 2021

Over the last decade or so, many writers have argued that inclusive practices are more likely to be developed when school communities are involved in collaborative processes of inquiry, reflection and action in order to learn how to respond to learners’ diversity. The research was carried out in two schools (with names changed for ethical reasons) with different characteristics: Innovacion School, in Santiago, is one of the pioneer schools in the country in integrating disabled students, whilst Loncomahuida School is located in one of the most isolated rural areas of Chile and responds to a high population of students of a Mapuche ethnia.
Guided by literature on action research, the study made use of an inclusive action research model that guided the process in both schools. This model emphasises the need to concentrate efforts on the promotion of reflective practitioners, as well as reflective communities. It also involves a team of co-researchers, formed by volunteers from the schools, planned to internalize and coordinate the process in each institution.
Educación y democracia*
Authors: Escudero Burrows Ethel 
Published: January 2021

Este artículo incluye extractos del pensamiento del Profesor Vera respecto a una reforma de la educación media nacional; así como un balance retrospectivo sobre lo que fue la Renovación Gradual de la Educación Secundaria iniciada 20 años antes (1945 a 1966).
* Educación y Democracia (1985) es una publicación de la sucesión Oscar Vera Lamperein, con 299 páginas, que reúne escritos que aparecieron bajo su nombre en diversas circunstancias de su vida profesional que lo caracterizó como hombre de acción.
Estudio de liderazgo educativo en un modelo de gestión escolar hacia la calidad
Authors: López Alfaro Pablo 
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo aborda la importancia del liderazgo en las comunidades escolares en Chile y su relación con la calidad educativa. Se postula un modelo causal que recoge variables relevantes asociadas a la gestión escolar, entre las que se encuentra la variable liderazgo.
El estudio pone de manifiesto esta realidad en torno a las escuelas como organizaciones. A medida que pasa el tiempo, éstas se transforman en sistemas cada vez más complejos, siendo el liderazgo que se ejerce en un centro educativo, una de las variables fundamentales que influye en el logro de los objetivos propuestos por la organización y que permite a sus actores enfrentar exitosamente su complejidad, de acuerdo a lo señalado en diversos estudios nacionales e
internacionales.
A ÁFRICA ENSINANDO A GENTE
Authors: Silva Vitor Vinicios da 
Published: January 2021

O livro apresentado marca a presença de uns dos maiores pedagogos da modernidade, Paulo Freire, com algumas das culturas mais ricas de experiência situadas no continente africano. Esse encontro gestou esse belo livro denominado “A África ensinando a gente: Angola, Guiné-Bissau, São Tomé e Príncipe”, de Paulo Freire e Sérgio Guimarães. O livro é construído pelo esforço de Sérgio Guimarães que se faz em memória ao grande educador Paulo Freire. No seu tecido total aborda de forma magistral um problema que ainda se faz presente em muitos países africanos, acredito que não apenas em Angola, Guiné-Bissau e São Tomé e Príncipe, mas também em outros tantos países que constituem o vasto continente africano e demais continentes, que é o problema linguístico que deságua numa série de outros problemas em relação a educação e no processo de independencia dos países outrora colonizados.
ACHILLE MBEMBE E A NOÇÃO DE NECROPOLÍTICA
Authors: Bontempo Valéria Lima 
Published: January 2021

Este artigo enfoca a noção de necropolítica, a partir do ensaio Necropolítica – Biopoder, soberania, Estado de exceção, política da morte, de Achille Mbembe. Nele, o filósofo, camaronês, demonstra a influência decisiva dessa ideia na reconfiguração das relações entre resistência, sacrifício e terror. Necropolítica trata-se da subjugação da vida ao poder da morte. O poder político hoje cuida não só de medidas sobre como a vida deverá ser gerida, mas também se encarrega de fazer a gestão sobre como morrer e sobre quem deve morrer. Assim, o risco da morte torna-se presente o tempo todo. E essa é marca central da necropolítica. Enfatizou-se neste artigo, algumas das topografias sublinhadas por Achille Mbeme, tais como o sistema de plantation e colônia, as quais são marcadas por uma extrema crueldade. Nesse contexto, de apropriação da morte pelo poder político, o conceito de biopolítica mostra-se incapaz de explicar as tecnologias atuais de submissão da vida ao poder da morte. Por fim, verifica-se que a reflexão sobre a necropolítica traz o desafio de impedir que o Estado continue fazendo a gestão da morte.
Regulating Mass Transport Behavior for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries and Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Guoxing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMass transport plays an important role in the process of metal deposition and the charging/discharging kinetics in a rechargeable battery. The rational regulation of mass transport behavior to realize optimum ion‐transfer direction and rate can enable uniform metal nucleation and reduced concentration polarization, which is favorable for overcoming the dendrite growth and lithium plating issues in metal batteries and fast‐charging batteries, respectively. Here, recent progress in lithium metal batteries and fast‐charging batteries achieved through the mass‐transport regulation are summarized. An introduction of mass transport and a discussion of its decisive role in battery operation are provided, followed by an exploration of the correlation between mass‐transport regulation and battery performance. Some future perspectives and research directions for regulating mass transport to enable high‐performance rechargeable batteries are also discussed.
Exploring the Interface of Skin‐Layered Titanium Fibers for Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Chang , Shviro Meital , Gago Aldo S. , Zaccarine Sarah F. , Bender Guido , Gazdzicki Pawel , Morawietz Tobias , Biswas Indro , Rasinski Marcin , Everwand Andreas , Schierholz Roland , Pfeilsticker Jason , Müller Martin , Lopes Pietro P. , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , Pivovar Bryan , Pylypenko Svitlana , Friedrich K. Andreas , Lehnert Werner , Carmo Marcelo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWater electrolysis is the key to a decarbonized energy system, as it enables the conversion and storage of renewably generated intermittent electricity in the form of hydrogen. However, reliability challenges arising from titanium‐based porous transport layers (PTLs) have hitherto restricted the deployment of next‐generation water‐splitting devices. Here, it is shown for the first time how PTLs can be adapted so that their interface remains well protected and resistant to corrosion across ≈4000 h under real electrolysis conditions. It is also demonstrated that the malfunctioning of unprotected PTLs is a result triggered by additional fatal degradation mechanisms over the anodic catalyst layer beyond the impacts expected from iridium oxide stability. Now, superior durability and efficiency in water electrolyzers can be achieved over extended periods of operation with less‐expensive PTLs with proper protection, which can be explained by the detailed reconstruction of the interface between the different elements, materials, layers, and components presented in this work.
Is volunteer wheat an economic weed in annual winter wheat production?
Authors: Wuest Stewart B. , Genna Nicholas G. , Barroso Judit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnnual winter grasses are competitive weeds in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to their similar life cycle, root system, and morphology. Volunteer wheat is clearly a weed when infesting a crop of a different species. However, should substantial expense be invested in reducing volunteer wheat in a subsequent wheat crop? The effects of volunteer wheat in winter wheat were investigated in three fields of the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW) during 2015 and 2016. Volunteer wheat was found evenly distributed in fields harvested with a commercial combine with a chaff spreader. The ratio of volunteer to seeded wheat density was constant even in high productivity areas that had higher wheat densities. Volunteer head densities ranged from 13 to 28% of total heads with a high of 66% found in chaff rows (formed in fields harvested without a residue spreader). Volunteer wheat produced between 8 and 19% of total yield. The productivity per head of seeded wheat was higher than volunteer wheat and volunteer wheat reduced seeded wheat yield in all fields. The estimated total yield loss across fields was 10.8%. Volunteer wheat may cause less yield loss than other winter annual weeds because of its contribution to yield. However, a 10% yield loss is significant and practices to minimize volunteer wheat in wheat fields are recommended.
The chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID‐19: The need for a prospective study of viral impact on brain functioning
Authors: de Erausquin Gabriel A. , Snyder Heather , Carrillo María , Hosseini Akram A. , Brugha Traolach S. , Seshadri Sudha ,   the CNS SARS‐CoV‐2 Consortium
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe increasing evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 impact on the central nervous system (CNS) raises key questions on its impact for risk of later life cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other dementia.MethodsThe Alzheimer's Association and representatives from more than 30 countries—with technical guidance from the World Health Organization—have formed an international consortium to study the short‐and long‐term consequences of SARS‐CoV‐2 on the CNS—including the underlying biology that may contribute to AD and other dementias. This consortium will link teams from around the world covering more than 22 million COVID‐19 cases to enroll two groups of individuals including people with disease, to be evaluated for follow‐up evaluations at 6, 9, and 18 months, and people who are already enrolled in existing international research studies to add additional measures and markers of their underlying biology.ConclusionsThe increasing evidence and understanding of SARS‐CoV‐2's impact on the CNS raises key questions on the impact for risk of later life cognitive decline, AD, and other dementia. This program of studies aims to better understand the long‐term consequences that may impact the brain, cognition, and functioning—including the underlying biology that may contribute to AD and other dementias.
Subjective versus objective symptom intensities ratings in cervical dystonia and hemifacial spasm across a botulinum neurotoxin cycle
Authors: Wöllner Julia , Weise David , Leplow Bernd 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundSubjective symptom complaints often do not match the expert’s ratings in focal dystonia. Nonetheless, perceived symptom intensities drive compliance and outcome of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) treatment.MethodsPerception of symptom development across a BoNT cycle was obtained in 21 cervical dystonia (CD) and 15 hemifacial spasm (HFS) patients at four time points during a BoNT cycle. Subjective assessments were recorded by means of a quality‐of‐life questionnaire and a patient diary containing items related to subjective severity of disease, mood, pain, social impairment, and quality of life. Medical investigation used the Tsui score and TWSTRS, and a HFS rating score, respectively.ResultsIn both patient groups, subjective intensities were strongly associated with psychological variables. Only in CD did objective assessment moderately correlate with subjective ratings solely at the beginning and the end of the BoNT cycle. Overall, the beneficial effects of BoNT treatment were only loosely associated with subjective experiences in both groups.ConclusionThe emotional situation should be assessed regularly in patients undergoing BoNT therapy.
Elucidating a holistic and panoptic framework for analysing circular economy
Authors: Lozano Rodrigo , Bautista‐Puig Núria , Barreiro‐Gen María 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCircular economy (CE) has been proposed as a concept to help address sustainability issues. CE was first proposed in 1928 as a way of understanding causal relationships in the economic sphere. Recently, CE has been focused, mainly, on environmental issues main typically represented by closing material loops through recovery. Literature on CE has been increasing during this time, where a number of bibliometric analyses have been carried out with, mainly, descriptive outputs. This paper uses a nested approach, with grounded theory's constant comparative analysis as the overarching one and bibliometric analyses within it. A total of 4,045 documents from CE during the period 1999–2019 were analysed against an initial framework composed of economic issues, recovery and CE levels. The results helped to improve the economic category, to change the level category into a scope one and to add two categories (collaboration and themes). The results were then integrated to propose the holistic and panoptic framework for analysing circular economy, which can help to understand the economic, environmental and scope interlinkages of CE literature, in order to better position CE theory and practice and to detect gaps that should be addressed. For CE to achieve its potential in helping societies become more sustainable, theory and practice must take a holistic approach that integrates the economic and environmental dimensions, the scope of CE, and collaboration.
Analysis of Chemical Components in the Roots of Eight Intersubgeneric Hybrids of Paeonia
Authors: Sun Miao , Wang Yi‐Zhou , Yang Yong , Lv Meng‐Wen , Li Shan‐Shan , Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Wang Liang‐Sheng , Yu Xiao‐Nan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPaeonia cultivars are famous ornamental plants, and some of them are also traditional Chinese medicinal resources. Intersubgeneric hybrids of Paeonia (IHPs) are formed by the hybridization of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora) and tree peony (Paeonia×suffruticosa or lutea hybrid tree peony). The phenotypic characteristics of IHPs are similar to those of herbaceous peony, and their root systems are large and vigorous. However, their medicinal value has not been reported yet. In this study, the roots of eight IHP samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS). A total of 18 compounds were identified, including phenols, paeonols, monoterpene glycosides, and tannins. The contents of monoterpene glycosides and tannins in IHPs were higher than herbaceous peony and tree peony, exceeding 44.76 mg/g DW and 11.50 mg/g DW, respectively. Three IHPs, ‘Prairie Charm’, ‘Garden Treasure’, and ‘Yellow Emperor’, with more types and a higher content of medicinal compounds, were screened out by cluster analysis. These IHPs have considerable potential for the development of medicinal resources.
Stepwise Post‐glycosylation Modification of Sugar Moieties in Kanamycin Biosynthesis
Authors: Kudo Fumitaka , Kitayama Yukinobu , Miyanaga Akimasa , Numakura Mario , Eguchi Tadashi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKanamycin A is the major 2‐deoxystreptamine (2DOS)‐containing aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus. The 2DOS moiety is linked with 6‐amino‐6‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (6ADG) at O‐4 and 3‐amino‐3‐deoxy‐d‐glucose at O‐6. Because the 6ADG moiety is derived from d‐glucosamine (GlcN), deamination at C‐2 and introduction of C‐6‐NH2 are required in the biosynthesis. A dehydrogenase, KanQ, and an aminotransferase, KanB, are presumed to be responsible for the introduction of C‐6‐NH2, although the substrates have not been identified. Here, we examined the substrate specificity of KanQ to better understand the biosynthetic pathway. It was found that KanQ oxidized kanamycin C more efficiently than the 3′′‐deamino derivative. Furthermore, the substrate specificity of an oxygenase, KanJ, that is responsible for deamination at C‐2 of the GlcN moiety was examined, and the crystal structure of KanJ was determined. It was found that C‐6‐NH2 is important for substrate recognition by KanJ. Thus, the modification of the GlcN moiety occurs after pseudo‐trisaccharide formation, followed by the introduction of C‐6‐NH2 by KanQ/KanB and deamination at C‐2 by KanJ.
Eosinophilic arthritis—A case report
Authors: Yamabe Hideaki , Kudo Fumiko , Shimada Michiko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEosinophilic arthritis is characterized by arthritis, eosinophilia, normal laboratory findings, unresponsiveness to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and favorable response to corticosteroids. We diagnosed a female patient with this rare disease.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation from Water‐Annealed TiO2 Nanotubes with White and Grey Modification
Authors: Fu Fan , Cha Gihoon , Wu Zhenni , Qin Shanshan , Zhang Yan , Chen Yuyue , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, photocatalytic reactions on anodic TiO2 nanotubes have been intensively investigated. In order to show photocatalytic activity, anodically formed nanotubes need to be crystallized to anatase. This is conventionally done by thermal annealing in air at temperatures 400–600 °C. Recently, a so‐called “water annealing” treatment has been reported to be effective to also create a highly active form for photocatalysis. Here we report on the feasibility of using a water annealing treatment of TiO2 nanotubes to create a photocatalyst for H2 production that is as active as conventional thermal annealing. If the water‐annealed samples are additionally hydrogenated to a so‐called “grey” modification, a further significant improvement of the photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution can be achieved – this without the use of any noble metal co‐catalyst. A combination of water annealing, thermal annealing, followed by hydrogenation can deliver a H2 generation activity that is more than five times higher than that achieved by thermal annealing of anodic TiO2 nanotubes.
Spin‐selective electron transmission through self‐assembled monolayers of double‐stranded peptide nucleic acid
Authors: Möllers Paul Valerian , Ulku Selma , Jayarathna Dilhara , Tassinari Francesco , Nürenberg Daniel , Naaman Ron , Achim Catalina , Zacharias Helmut 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMonolayers of chiral molecules can preferentially transmit electrons with a specific spin orientation, introducing chiral molecules as efficient spin filters. This phenomenon is established as chirality‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) and was demonstrated directly for the first time in self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA)1. Here, we discuss SAMs of double‐stranded peptide nucleic acid (dsPNA) as a system which allows for systematic investigations of the influence of various molecular properties on CISS. In photoemission studies, SAMs of chiral, γ‐modified PNA show significant spin filtering of up to P = (24.4 ± 4.3)% spin polarization. The polarization values found in PNA lacking chiral monomers are considerably lower at about P = 12%. The results confirm that the preferred spin orientation is directly linked to the molecular handedness and indicate that the spin filtering capacity of the dsPNA helices might be enhanced by introduction of chiral centers in the constituting peptide monomers.