bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatally detected isolated ventricular septum defects and the association with chromosomal aberrations—A nationwide register‐based study from Denmark
Authors: Vedel Cathrine , Rode Line , Jørgensen Finn Stener , Petersen Olav Bjørn , Sundberg Karin , Tabor Ann , Ekelund Charlotte Kvist 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between prenatally detected isolated ventricular septum defects (VSDs) and chromosomal aberrations in a nationwide study in Denmark.MethodNationwide, register‐based study with prospectively collected data including all singleton pregnancies from 2014‐2018. From the Danish Fetal Medicine Database, we retrieved data on maternal characteristics, first‐trimester biomarkers, pre‐ and postnatal diagnoses, genetic test results, and pregnancy outcomes. VSDs were considered isolated in the absence of other malformations or soft markers, and with a low first‐trimester risk assessment for trisomies 21, 18 and 13. All cases of an isolated VSD with a chromosomal anomaly were audited. The genetic tests included karyotyping and chromosomal microarray.ResultsWe retrieved data on 292 108 singleton pregnancies; 323 registered with a prenatally detected VSD and 697 with a VSD detected postnatally (incidence of 0.35%). Only 1/153 (0.7%, 95% CI 0.02;3.6%) of the isolated prenatally detected VSDs had an abnormal genetic test result (del (8)(q23.1)). Moreover, they had a lower free β‐hCG MoM (0.9 MoM vs 0.99 MoM, P = 0.02), and were more likely born small for gestational age (SGA), defined as birthweight 2 or more SD below the mean, compared with the control population (5.2% vs 2.5%, P = 0.03).ConclusionWe found a prevalence of chromosomal aberrations of 0.7% in fetuses with a prenatally detected isolated VSD. Moreover, we found an association between isolated VSDs and a larger proportion being born SGA.
Unraveling Complexity: A Strategy for the Characterization of Anisotropic Core Multishell Nanoparticles
Authors: Lin Wei , Greve Christoph , Härtner Sebastian , Götz Klaus , Walter Johannes , Wu Mingjian , Rechberger Stefanie , Spiecker Erdmann , Busch Sebastian , Schmutzler Tilo , Avadhut Yamini , Hartmann Martin , Unruh Tobias , Peukert Wolfgang , Segets Doris 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work, a widely applicable routine to characterize the core, surface, stability, and optical properties of CdSe/CdS/ZnS core–shell–shell nanorods after multiple growth steps is established. First, size, shape, and shell thickness of the nanorods are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), and small angle X‐ray/neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS). In the next step, Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and SANS measurements are applied to determine the surface species of nanorods. Then, the colloidal stability of the nanorods is investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) after different washing cycles. Finally, photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the nanorods during washing and sample storage is determined. With this highly complementary routine for particle characterization, the core, surface, stability, and optical properties of nanorods after multiple growth steps are resolved. The results demonstrate the importance of the developed toolbox to characterize such highly complex, anisotropic nanorods for a technical environment. This is of major importance for the handling of colloidal quantum materials and their quality control in industrial applications.
Influence of Laser Beam Profiles on the Performance of Laser‐Driven Flyers
Authors: Wang Liang , Tang Duo , Ji Xiangbo , Zhang Wanli , Jiang Hongchuan , Wang Yao , Li Yong , Qin Wenzhi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn order to reveal the influence of laser beam profiles on the performance of laser‐driven flyers, three different laser beam profiles including original laser beam, reshaped laser beam and optical fiber output laser beam were used to launch the flyer plates. The original laser beam showed plenty of “hot spots”. A lenslet array was used to reshape the original laser beam and a much smoother intensity distribution was obtained. Both original and reshaped laser beams were coupled to optical fibers. Results showed that the laser energy that a fiber can reliably transmit increased 29 % and reached up to 59 mJ by reshaping the original laser beam. Furthermore, PDV measurements indicated that there was a 68 % increase in flyer velocity when the flyer was driven by a fiber coupled laser instead of the original laser, and the flyer velocity could reach up to 1.5 km/s when irradiated by a 50 mJ laser. Aside from the velocity increase, the fiber coupled laser was proven to be capable of producing controllable planar and intact flyer. A fiber coupled laser initiation system incorporating a laser slapper detonator was developed. The fine grain CL‐20 was successfully initiated using the fiber coupled laser initiation system under 40 mJ laser energy, implicating the fiber coupled system is applicable in high energy explosive initiations.
Fragment Velocity Formula for Reverse Detonation Driving with Opposite Initiation
Authors: Li Yuan , Cheng Li , Wen Yuquan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn detonation driving problems, the explosive charge is typically initiated on one side of the charge and the fragment or plate is located on the other side. Many studies have been conducted on this driving style, which has numerous practical applications. However, few studies have been conducted on reverse detonation driving, wherein the initiation point is located on the same side as that of the fragment. Reverse detonation driving can lower the shock pressure in the fragment and solve the problem of spallation. In this study, the model of opposite initiation of cylindrical charge is used to investigate the reverse detonation driving style. A long element is considered along the direction of the initiation points and the warhead center, and a fragment velocity formula is established according to the one‐dimensional gas dynamics. Then, based on the influences of the assumptions, such as the rigid constraint of the element, three experimentally verified numerical models are used to validate the established formula. The ratios of the formula computations and the corresponding modeling results exhibit similar trends. Therefore, these trends are fitted together and used as a correction factor for the established formula. The corrected formula is further validated through two‐dimensional modeling with a different casing material model and three‐dimensional modeling of the verified experimental configuration. The established formula can be used as a reference for the problem of reverse detonation driving.
Preparation of flower‐like Cu2O/ZnO for removal of dyes from aqueous medium
Authors: Dat Le Tien , Hung Nguyen Thanh , Tuan Vu Anh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFlower‐like Cu2O/ZnO was prepared by hydrothermal method with the reducing agent of glucose for removal of dyes in aqueous medium. As‐prepared samples were characterized by FE‐SEM, XRD, and TEM. Flower‐like Cu2O/ZnO could both photodegrade Tartrazine (TA) under UV and visible lights with the removal efficiencies of 85.3 and 96.1 %, respectively, and adsorbed TA with the removal efficiency of 77.5 %. The effects of adsorbent dosage, dye concentration, and pH solution on adsorption of dyes were investigated. The kinetic adsorption of TA on flower‐like Cu2O/ZnO was studied by pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order models. In addition, the performance of as‐prepared material was evaluated by cyclic test and adsorption of other dyes such as methylene blue, Janus green B and Congo red.
𝒩 = 2 dualities and Z-extremization in three dimensions
Authors: Willett Brian , Yaakov Itamar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We use localization techniques to study duality in 𝒩 = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories in three dimensions. Specifically, we consider a duality due to Aharony involving unitary and symplectic gauge groups, which is similar to Seiberg duality in four dimensions, as well as related dualities involving Chern-Simons terms. These theories have the possibility of non trivial anomalous dimensions for the chiral multiplets and were previously difficult to examine. We use a matrix model to compute the partition functions on both sides of the duality, deformed by real mass and FI terms. The results provide strong evidence for the validity of the proposed dualities. We also comment on a recent proposal for recovering the exact IR conformal dimensions in such theories using localization.
Kombinationstherapien in der Immunonkologie: Differenzierte regulatorische Herangehensweisen
Authors: Müller-Berghaus Jan , Sarac Sinan B. , Schüssler-Lenz Martina 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungKombinationstherapien von unterschiedlichen Arzneimitteln sind fester Bestandteil der Medizin. Wissenschaftlich und regulatorisch gilt jedoch der Anspruch, den Beitrag jedes Arzneimittels zum Gesamteffekt zu verstehen. Deshalb müssen nichtklinische und klinische Entwicklungsprogramme diese Aspekte berücksichtigen und entsprechend gestaltet werden. Derzeit befinden sich viele Arzneimittel in Entwicklung, die versuchen durch Verwendung und Aktivierung von Komponenten des Immunsystems des Patienten bösartige Erkrankungen langfristig zu kontrollieren. Oft wird hier der Begriff Immunonkologie verwendet. Arzneimittel, die für die Immunonkologie entwickelt und verwendet werden, können völlig unterschiedlichen Arzneimittelklassen zugeordnet werden.In diesem Beitrag erfolgt eine Analyse von Kombinationstherapien in der Immunonkologie mit biotechnologisch hergestellten Arzneimitteln auf Basis von regulatorischen Gesichtspunkten und Erfordernissen. Dies beinhaltet Checkpointinhibitoren, genetisch modifizierte Zelltherapien, Tumorvakzinen und onkolytische Viren. Anhand dieser heterogenen Gruppe von immunonkologischen Arzneimitteln, die in Kombinationstherapien zugelassen wurden, werden die Herausforderungen in der klinischen Entwicklung erarbeitet. Wegen der unterschiedlichen Charakteristika und Anzahl der Kombinationspartner muss für jede Entwicklung ein individuell zugeschnittenes Programm entwickelt werden, d. h., es gibt keine für alle Entwicklungen anwendbare Standardlösung.
The utilization of a recursive algorithm to determine trends of soil moisture deficits in the Mid-Atlantic United States
Authors: Smith Robert Kennedy , Chang Der-Chen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClimate change models project declining soil moisture levels across the continental US, even in regions with expected increases in annual average precipitation. Although warmer air has been shown to result in more frequent and severe precipitation events, higher vapor pressure deficits are anticipated to result in evapotranspiration rates that exceed the amount of water hitting the soil surface. Numerous analyses have shown rising degrees of aridity in many US locations, even without declining rainfall. The Mid-Atlantic region has less annual rainfall variability and seasonality relative to other areas, and an analysis is presented here examining trends from 1980 to 2019 to determine if the region has become more arid as temperatures have warmed. A comparison of evapotranspiration and precipitation trends cannot adequately answer this question, as the timing of rainfall and soil moisture levels determines how much water is absorbed into the ground and utilized by vegetation. A recursive algorithm is developed to calculate water deficits based on the previous day’s conditions and amount of precipitation received during that day, excluding rainwater falling on saturated soils from being eligible to recharge the water supply available to vegetation. Trends from the algorithm show that soil moisture levels have increased over the past four decades. This equates to lower overall water demand per hectare in the municipal and agricultural sectors. While the trends may change in coming decades, unlike other US regions, the Mid-Atlantic has become wetter as defined within an agricultural and meteorological context.
The Supergene Mn-minerals in Gangpur Group, Eastern India and their Genesis
Authors: Dash Nilima , Nayak Bibhuranjan , Mohapatra Birendra Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Manganese mineralization in the Precambrian Gangpur Group of rocks in Sundargarh district of Odisha occur as pockets or small ore bodies associated with metapelites and metapsamites. Different varieties of hypogene metamorphic manganese minerals belonging to Mn-oxides, Mn-carbonates, Mn-silicates, Mn-titanates have been reported from this Group. Although the Mn-bearing rocks and the Mn-ores host several supergene Mn-minerals, no detailed and comprehensive study on these minerals has been carried out so far. The present paper describes the microstructural and microchemical characteristics of the supergene Mn-minerals viz., vernadite, manganite, cryptomelane, romanechite, Fe-Mn sepiolite, nsutite, pyrolusite, and lithiophorite with a view to establish their paragenetic sequence and genetic evolution. These minerals have formed due to solution-remobilization-precipitation, oxidation and/or hydration, diagenesis and as a product of direct alteration. It is inferred that only one variety of manganite is formed due to retrograde metamorphism. While vernadite, cryptomelane and romanechite precipitated from Mn-rich solutions at low temperatures, Fe-Mn sepiolite formed as a direct alteration product of tephroite. Manganite and nsutite formed both as solution-precipitates as well as oxidation products of other Mn-minerals. While further oxidation leads to the formation of pyrolusite at a later stage, lithiophorite is the last mineral to form during weathering and lateritization.
BMI, functional and cognitive status in a cohort of nonagenarians: results from the Mugello study
Authors: Dinu Monica , Colombini Barbara , Pagliai Giuditta , Vannetti Federica , Pasquini Guido , Molino Lova Raffaello , Cecchi Francesca , Sorbi Sandro , Sofi Francesco , Macchi Claudio ,   The Mugello Study Working Group, Boni Roberta , Castagnoli Chiara , Gori Annamaria , Paperini Anita , Razzolini Lorenzo , Turcan Nona , Valecchi Debora , Gensini Gianfranco , Abbate Rosanna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The study of the relationship between body weight and health in old age has attracted increasing interest. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) with functional and cognitive status in a group of nonagenarians.

Methods
We analyzed 475 participants (348 women, 127 men; median age 92 years) from the Mugello study. Participants were evaluated through laboratory, instrumental examinations and questionnaires.

Results
By grouping the participants according to BMI categories, a better perception of health and nutritional status and a lower prevalence of sarcopenia (p < 0.05) were observed in participants with overweight and obesity compared to participants with normal weight or underweight. Concerning functional and cognitive measures, overweight and obese participants showed significantly worse performance on short physical performance battery and timed up and go tests and better performance on the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). As regards the other tests performed, no statistically significant differences were observed. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for possible confounding factors, participants with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 showed lower probability to achieve poor performance on the MMSE (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.19–0.94; p = 0.035).

Conclusion
Our results support the hypothesis that in nonagenarians, a higher BMI is associated with better cognitive ability. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying this association.
Multi-fluid modelling of bubbly channel flows with an adaptive multi-group population balance method
Authors: Papoulias D. , Vichansky A. , Tandon M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMass, momentum, and energy transfer in bubbly flows strongly depends on the bubble’s size distribution, which determines the contact area between the interacting phases. Characterization of bubble sizes in polydisperse flows requires empirical modelling of sub-grid physical mechanisms such as break-up and coalescence. In the present work an adaptive multiple size-group (A-MuSiG) method is incorporated into the Eulerian multiphase solver available in Simcenter STAR-CCM+ in order to model polydisperse bubbly flows in horizontal and vertical channels. The disperse phasespace is discretized into multiple size-groups each represented by its own size, number-density, and velocity field. The diameter of the bubbles in each of the size-groups varies in time and space, dynamically adapting to the local flow conditions. The interphase momentum transfer between the continuous phase and polydisperse bubbles is modelled through drag, virtual mass, turbulent dispersion, and lift forces. For modelling sub-grid bubble break-up and coalescence processes, different phenomenological kernels are evaluated. The empirical parameters of the adopted kernels are calibrated in two steps. The initial stage of the analysis considers experimental channel flows at low Reynolds number and zero-gravity conditions, under which the bubble size distribution is solely dependent on coalescence. As part of the second phase of the evaluation, additional parametric simulations in turbulent channel flows are performed in order to calibrate the break-up models, assuming the coalescence scaling constants derived in the previous step. The obtained results demonstrate that in flows with high turbulent mixing the ensuing bubble dynamics are strongly coupled to the internal properties of the population, which in turn influence the developing multiphase interactions in a transient manner.
A Branch-and-Price Algorithm for the Liner Shipping Network Design Problem
Authors: Thun Kristian , Andersson Henrik , Stålhane Magnus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMaritime transportation is the backbone of the global economy and one of its most important segments is liner shipping. To design a liner shipping network is notoriously difficult but also very important since an efficient network can be the difference between prosperity and bankruptcy. In this paper, we propose a branch-and-price algorithm for the liner shipping network design problem, which is the problem of designing a set of cyclic services and to deploy a specific class of vessels to each service so that all demand can flow through the network at minimal cost. The proposed model can create services with a complex structure and correctly calculate the transshipment cost. The formulation of the master problem strengthens a known formulation with valid inequalities. Because of multiple dependencies between ports that are not necessarily adjacent and no defining state at any of the ports, the subproblem is formulated and solved as a mixed integer linear program. Strategies to improve the solution time of the subproblem are proposed. The computational study shows that the algorithm provides significantly tighter lower bounds in the root node than existing methods on a set of small instances.
Raphael's Platonic Vision
Authors: BIGELOW JOHN , LECKEY MARTIN 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe four frescoes by Raphael in the Stanza della Segnatura in the Vatican Museum visually embody close approximations of several numerical ratios that are of deep significance in the material grounding of musical harmonies in the physics of natural harmonics. Of special significance is the Pythagorean musical frequency ratio of 9:8, the (discordant) whole tone interval, which in Plato's Timaeus is called the epogdoôn (‘and an eighth’).
Locating Modern Arab Art: Between the Global Art Market and Area Studies
Authors: Bahoora Haytham 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis essay situates the publication ofModern Art in the Arab World: Primary Documentsin the context of an expanding global interest in modern Arab art as well as the study of modern Arab art as an academic discipline. The essay first examines the implications of the cultivation of a new museum and gallery infrastructure for modern Arab art in the Arab Gulf. It then considers how the academic study of modern Arab art has faced institutional barriers, due largely to the overwhelming academic focus on Ancient Studies and Islamic art. Finally, it suggests thatModern Arab Art in the Arab Worldprovides scholars with a comprehensive textual archive that calls for a historicized approach to theorizing the emergence of modernist aesthetics in Arab visual cultures.
On Language and Modern Art: A Reflection
Authors: Lenssen Anneka , Shabout Nada , Rogers Sarah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis essay, written collectively by the co-editors of the publicationModern Art in the Arab World: Primary Documents(2018), provides an account of the book's conception, institutional backing, and multi-year process of research and editing. The authors reflect in particular on the translational politics that obtain in the global art world and the museum sector as well as the academic study of the modern Middle East.
Locating Primary Documents: Global Modernism and the Archival Turn
Authors: Auji Hala 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis essay considers the contribution of Anneka Lenssen, Sarah Rogers, and Nada Shabout'sModern Art in the Arab World: Primary Documentsto global art history. In particular, the essay addresses the archival turn, the challenges of language and translations in the publication of primary sources, and the continued need to challenge Eurocentric views of and approaches to global modernism. This includes considering howModern Art and the Arab World'scontributions aim to upend Western preconceptions about modern art from the “Arab world,” and demonstrating how such publications can serve as sources for critical evaluations and reconsiderations of the history of global modernism in general.
How I do it: a simulator of the ear for developing otomicroscopy skills during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Shenton C , Aucott W 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a simulator of the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane that enables surgical trainees to practise their otomicroscopy skills, which is particularly valuable at a time where there is limited patient contact because of the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown.MethodsA simulator of the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane was made using a cardboard bowl, a 2 ml syringe and a latex glove. The simulator was used to practise otomicroscopy skills, including microsuction, foreign body removal, myringotomy and grommet insertion. Five doctors in the ENT department participated, ranging from core surgical training year two doctor to specialty doctor.ResultsThe simulator provides an effective tool on which surgical trainees can practise, develop and maintain a variety of otomicroscopy skills.ConclusionThis inexpensive, easy and quick-to-make simulator enables trainees to practise their otomicroscopy skills on an approximately accurate model during a time when there is minimal clinical opportunity to develop these skills, particularly because of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.