bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tensile deformation behaviour of a dissimilar metal weldment of P91 and 347H steels
Authors: Akanda Sajedur R. , Wheeler Robert W. , Rozman Kyle A. , Rider Jessica , Doğan Ömer N. , Young Marcus L. , Hawk Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeformation of a weldment is governed by the mechanical properties of its base metals and fusion zone. In a weldment, the base metals and fusion zone exhibit changing microstructural features with various phases present along the weldment. Specifically, the heat affected zone of a base metal exhibits a heterogeneous microstructure generated during weld thermal cycles and by post‐weld heat treatment. As a result, the mechanical properties in a weldment are often non‐uniformly distributed. In this study, tensile tests combined with digital image correlation were performed to obtain the non‐uniform distributions of the mechanical properties of a weldment composed of P91 and 347H steels. From the experimental tensile tests, it was found that the 347H base metal had significantly distinct mechanical properties compared to the other zones of the weldment. Furthermore, the 347H base metal had the lowest yield stress but the highest strain hardening exponent. Because of its lowest yield stress, the 347H base metal had the highest plastic strain accumulation at any stage of global deformation. However, the strain hardening rate of the P91 base metal enabled it to accumulate the necessary plastic strain to activate its necking first. Therefore, the failure location of the P91‐347H weldment was expected to occur at the P91 base metal. A 3D finite element simulation of the tensile deformation of P91‐347H weldment also suggested the same. However, from the present experimental observations, one weldment out of three was found to fail unexpectedly at the heat affected zone of the P91 base metal. The reason for this unexpected failure was determined by microscopic analysis to be the presence of a large defect.
How urban places are visited by social groups? Evidence from matrix factorization on mobile phone data
Authors: Kang Chaogui , Shi Li , Wang Fahui , Liu Yu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis research attempts to build a unified framework for distinguishing the spatiotemporal visit patterns of urban places by different social groups using mobile phone data in Harbin, China. Social groups are detected by their social ties in the ego‐to‐ego mobile phone call network and are embedded in physical space according to their home locations. Popular urban places are detected from user‐generated content as the basic spatial analysis unit. Coupling subscribers’ footprints and urban places in physical space, the spatiotemporal visit patterns of urban places by distinct social groups are uncovered and interpreted by non‐negative matrix factorization. The proposed framework enables us to answer several critical questions from three perspectives: (1) How to model popular urban places in terms of vague boundary, land use, and semantic features based on crowdsourcing data?; (2) How to evaluate interaction between individuals for inspecting the relationship between spatial proximity and social ties based on spatiotemporal co‐occurrence?; and (3) How to distinguish urban place visit preferences for social groups associated with different socio‐demographic characteristics? Our research could assist urban planners and municipal managers to identify critical urban places frequented by different population groups according to their roles and social/cultural characteristics for improvement of urban facility allocation.
Mycoplasma hominis bursitis in a simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplant recipient: case report and literature review
Authors: Hulme‐Jones Jarrod P. , Gordon David L. , Barbara Jeffrey A. , Li Jordan Y. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMycoplasma hominis can be isolated frequently from the genitourinary tract of some healthy individuals. On rare occasions, it acts as a pathogen in immunocompromised patients such as transplant recipients. Here, we describe the case of a 39‐year‐old man with end‐stage kidney disease secondary to diabetic nephropathy who received a simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplant. He developed pancreatitis and arterial thrombosis 2 weeks post‐transplant and required a pancreatectomy. His kidney allograft function remained normal. He developed severe left hip pain 2 weeks post‐transplant with a trochanteric bursal effusion detected on magnetic resonance imaging. The effusion grew M. hominis. The patient was treated with 100 mg of doxycycline twice daily for 9 months with full resolution of the effusion at 4 months post‐treatment. We also review all previously reported M. hominis infections in transplant recipients.
SPO11.2 is essential for programmed double‐strand break formation during meiosis in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Benyahya Fatiha , Nadaud Isabelle , Da Ines Olivier , Rimbert Hélène , White Charles , Sourdille Pierre 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYMeiotic recombination is initiated by formation of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs). This involves a protein complex that includes in plants the two similar proteins, SPO11‐1 and SPO11‐2. We analysed the sequences of SPO11‐2 in hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), as well as in its diploid and tetraploid progenitors. We investigated its role during meiosis using single, double and triple mutants. The three homoeologous SPO11‐2 copies of hexaploid wheat exhibit high nucleotide and amino acid similarities with those of the diploids, tetraploids and Arabidopsis. Interestingly, however, two nucleotides deleted in exon‐2 of the A copy lead to a premature stop codon and suggest that it encodes a non‐functional protein. Remarkably, the mutation was absent from the diploid A‐relative Triticum urartu, but present in the tetraploid Triticum dicoccoides and in different wheat cultivars indicating that the mutation occurred after the first polyploidy event and has since been conserved. We further show that triple mutants with all three copies (A, B, D) inactivated are sterile. Cytological analyses of these mutants show synapsis defects, accompanied by severe reductions in bivalent formation and numbers of DMC1 foci, thus confirming the essential role of TaSPO11‐2 in meiotic recombination in wheat. In accordance with its 2‐nucleotide deletion in exon‐2, double mutants for which only the A copy remained are also sterile. Notwithstanding, some DMC1 foci remain visible in this mutant, suggesting a residual activity of the A copy, albeit not sufficient to restore fertility.
Increased free amino acid contents of the invasive weed Ageratina adenophora and the effects on its specialist herbivore Procecidochares utilis
Authors: Gao Xin , Sun Yuanyuan , Diao Yuehui , Zhao Yunpeng , Esteban Rodríguez‐Leyva , Yang Guoqing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn order to verify the escape‐from‐enemy hypothesis from the changes of nutrient substance and fitness of natural enemies on alien plants, contents of free amino acids in native and invasive plant populations of Ageratina adenophora and life history parameters of specialist herbivore Procecidochares utilis reared on these plants were investigated. Our results showed that the contents of glycine, valine, γ‐aminobutyric acid, proline, serine, alanine, and arginine in the invasive plants were higher than those in the native plants of A. adenophora. There was a shorter developmental duration and higher fecundity of P. utilis when fed on the invasive plants. The results indicated a possible fitness tradeoff of natural enemies between invasive and native plants arose from nutrient substance changes.
Impact of a Combustor–Turbine Interface on Turbine Vane Aerodynamics and Film Cooling
Authors: Lerch Andreas , Bauer Rainer , Krueckels Joerg , Henze Marc 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Optimizing the aerothermal performance of the combustor–turbine interface is an important factor in enhancing the efficiency of heavy-duty gas turbines. Also, it is a key requirement to fulfill the lifetime in this hottest area of the gas turbine. Typically transition pieces of can combustors induce a highly nonuniform swirling flow at the turbine inlet. In order to better understand the impact of the nonuniform combustor flow at the first stage vanes, a combined experimental and numerical study was carried out. The experimental facility consisted of a high-speed linear cascade with four vane passages, including an upstream transition piece, which was representative of a heavy-duty gas turbine can combustor–turbine interface geometry. The experiments were conducted at engine representative Mach numbers, and film cooling effectiveness measurements were performed at three different blowing ratios. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations were undertaken using a commercial flow solver. The numerical model was first validated with the experimental data, using inlet traverse five-hole probe measurements, pressure taps along the airfoil perimeter, and oil flow visualization results. The investigation shows that the position of the vane relative to the combustor transition piece has a significant impact on the vane aerodynamics and also film cooling behavior. This understanding was important for a robust first vane aerothermal design of the GT36.
A Dual Nanoparticle Delivery Strategy for Enhancing Drug Distribution in Cancerous Tissue
Authors: Chamseddine Ibrahim M. , Kokkolaras Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery may be a promising alternative to traditional chemotherapy of high systemic toxicity. Tumor tissue architecture poses a challenge to delivery of nanoparticles. Small and spherical nanoparticles have poor adherence to the tumor vasculature, while larger and more eccentric ones create high heterogeneity in tissue-to-drug exposure. In previous work, we quantified these tradeoffs using numerical optimization. In this study, we demonstrate that simultaneous delivery of multiple nanoparticle designs can enhance drug distribution in the cancerous tissue without compromising nanoparticle tumoral accumulation. We formulate and solve optimization problems to find the optimal constituent of the heterogeneous injection in terms of nanoparticle design diversity that increases drug distribution by 14%.
A Shaker Rig-Based Testing of Perceived Ride Comfort for Various Configurations of Active Suspensions
Authors: Cvok Ivan , Hrgetić Mario , Deur Joško , Hrovat Davor , Tseng H. Eric 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Benefits of introducing active suspension in autonomous vehicles in terms of improving the driver's work/leisure ability can be tested under laboratory conditions using a high-performance shaker rig. In this paper, five different suspension configurations, including passive, semi-active, and fully active suspensions (FAS) and related optimal controls with or without road preview information, are implemented in vehicle dynamics simulator. They are experimentally examined having the driver in the loop to obtain objective and subjective measures of ride comfort and ability to do certain tasks. In total, 44 drivers of various age, gender, and driving experience performed three different tasks while being driven on shaker-rig (reading and writing, drawing, and subjective grading). The examination results show that FAS with road preview control offers highest ride comfort improvement, which can be perceived by the driver and greatly improves his/her ability to text and particularly draw.
Laminar Vortex Shedding in the Wake of a Cube
Authors: Khan Majid Hassan , Khan Hamid Hassan , Sharma Atul , Agrawal Amit 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Flow around a cube is numerically studied in the laminar vortex shedding regime. The objective is to examine the three-dimensional vortex shedding mechanism and understand the temporal behavior of the wake. Vortices were identified using λ2 criterion for Re = 250–770. The wake of the cube sheds paired hairpin vortices, which moves in the streamwise direction and attains a constant shape with time. The analysis of separation distance and angular orientation of hairpin vortices for flow around a cube are presented here for the first time in the literature. The separation (d) between the paired hairpin vortices scales as t−1/2. The orientation of hairpin vortices changes with time and attains a near-normal orientation with respect to the axial direction. At Re ≥ 339, the hairpin twists with respect to axial direction losing the axisymmetry in one plane noted for 276 ≤ Re ≤ 300. The hairpin vortices disintegrate into smaller vortices at higher Re = 570 and 770. A quasi-periodic nature of the flow has been revealed by the phase plots. The drag and side forces generated due to the flow are studied with pressure force mostly contributing to the drag. One of the side force coefficients dominates owing to the asymmetry of the wake in one plane and symmetry in the other orthogonal streamwise plane. These results clearly bring out the asymmetric nature of flow in the shedding regime.
Pressure Drop of Horizontal Air–Water Slug Flow in Different Configurations of Corrugated Pipes
Authors: Santana Ana Luiza B. , Marcelino Neto Moisés A. , Morales Rigoberto E. M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Corrugated pipes (CP) have regularly shaped and spaced cavities on their internal walls that can induce dynamic changes in the flow, such as increased pressure drops. Offshore petroleum production pipelines are an example of an industrial application of CPs, known as flexible lines. Slug flow is the most challenging flow pattern in those lines due to its complex hydrodynamics. A number of previous studies proposed correlations to predict the two-phase flow pressure drops in smooth pipes (SPs). However, limited researches have evaluated the pressure drops associated with liquid–gas slug flow in CPs. In this work, experiments to analyze the pressure drops in horizontal air–water slug flow under different configurations of CPs were carried out. The tests were performed in three different CP internal diameters (IDs) (26, 40, and 50 mm) with different cavity widths (1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 mm). The effects of the internal diameters and the cavity widths on the pressure drops associated with slug flow were analyzed. Results demonstrated that the pressure drops increase with increasing cavity widths. The experimental data were fitted and a pressure drop correlation using the concept of multiplier factor was proposed. Comparisons between predictions and the experimental data proved to be within ±10% accuracy.
Thinning response of ‘Redhaven’ peaches to 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC)
Authors: Cline John A. , Bakker Catherine J. , Beneff Amanda 
Published: June 2020

Peach trees bear an abundance of flowers which produce a surplus of fruit that the tree is unable to support. A self-regulatory mechanism enhances the abscission of immature fruitlets leading to a reduced fruit load, but this is often insufficient to achieve fruit of marketable size. Supplementary manual fruit thinning is typically required to optimize economic fruit load. This 2-yr study investigated the response of ‘Redhaven’ peach trees to sprays of 300 and 600 mg L−11-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) during the phenological stages of full bloom, shuck split, and ∼20 mm fruitlet diameter. The objective was to determine the efficacy of ACC on fruit set, fruit size, and yield at harvest and the amount of hand-thinning required at “June drop”. Although the response to ACC varied between the 2 yr, 600 mg L−1ACC spray at full bloom (2018) and at ∼20 mm fruit size (2019) reduced fruit set, the need for hand-thinning by 59%–66%, and crop load. Treatments also had varying but significant effects on leaf yellowing and leaf drop when measured shortly after application. ACC reduced total yield and number of fruit per tree in both study years and increased fruit weight in 2019. Overall, peaches were responsive to ACC at a range of timings from bloom to ∼20 mm fruit size. This study enhances our understanding of ACC on fruitlet abscission of peaches and is one of few studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of a chemical fruitlet thinner for peaches.
CXCR4 in Tumor Epithelial Cells Mediates Desmoplastic Reaction in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Morita Toshihiro , Kodama Yuzo , Shiokawa Masahiro , Kuriyama Katsutoshi , Marui Saiko , Kuwada Takeshi , Sogabe Yuko , Matsumori Tomoaki , Kakiuchi Nobuyuki , Tomono Teruko , Mima Atsushi , Ueda Tatsuki , Tsuda Motoyuki , Yamauchi Yuki , Nishikawa Yoshihiro , Sakuma Yojiro , Ota Yuji , Maruno Takahisa , Uza Norimitsu , Nagasawa Takashi , Chiba Tsutomu , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) features abundant stromal cells with an excessive extracellular matrix (ECM), termed the desmoplastic reaction. CXCR4 is a cytokine receptor for stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12) expressed in PDAC, but its roles in PDAC and the characteristic desmoplastic reaction remain unclear. Here, we generated a mouse model of PDAC with conditional knockout of Cxcr4 (KPC-Cxcr4-KO) by crossing Cxcr4 flox mice with Pdx1-Cre;KrasLSL-G12D/+;Trp53LSL-R172H/+ (KPC-Cxcr4-WT) mice to assess the development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and pancreatic cancers. Tumor cell characteristics of those two types were analyzed in vitro. In addition, CXCR4 expression in human pancreatic cancer specimens was evaluated by IHC staining. In KPC-Cxcr4-KO mice, the number and pathologic grade of PanIN lesions were reduced, but the frequency of pancreatic cancers did not differ from that in KPC-Cxcr4-WT mice. The pancreatic tumor phenotype in KPC-Cxcr4-KO mice was significantly larger and undifferentiated, characterized by abundant vimentin-expressing cancer cells, significantly fewer fibroblasts, and markedly less deposition of ECM. In vitro, KPC-Cxcr4-KO tumor cells exhibited higher proliferative and migratory activity than KPC-Cxcr4-WT tumor cells. Myofibroblasts induced invasion activity in KPC-Cxcr4-WT tumor cells, showing an epithelial–mesenchymal interaction, whereas KPC-Cxcr4-KO tumor cells were unaffected by myofibroblasts, suggesting their unique nature. In human pancreatic cancer, undifferentiated carcinoma did not express CXCR4 and exhibited histologic and IHC features similar to those in KPC-Cxcr4-KO mice. In summary, the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis may play an important role in the desmoplastic reaction in PDAC, and loss of CXCR4 induces phenotype changes in undifferentiated carcinoma without a desmoplastic reaction.

Significance:
The current study uncovers CXCR4 as a key regulator of desmoplastic reaction in PDAC and opens the way for new therapeutic approaches to overcome the chemoresistance in patients with PDAC.
LDtrait: An Online Tool for Identifying Published Phenotype Associations in Linkage Disequilibrium
Authors: Lin Shu-Hong , Brown Derek W. , Machiela Mitchell J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of germline susceptibility loci associated with risk for cancer as well as a wide range of other traits and diseases. An interest of many investigators is identifying traits or diseases that share common susceptibility loci. We developed LDtrait (https://ldlink.nci.nih.gov/?tab=ldtrait) as an open access web tool for finding germline variation associated with multiple traits. LDtrait searches the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog to identify susceptibility loci in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with a user-provided list of query variants. Options allow for modifying LD thresholds, calculating LD from a diverse set of reference populations, and downloading annotated variant lists. Results from example query searches highlight the utility of LDtrait in uncovering cross-trait associations for cancer risk and other traits. LDtrait accelerates etiologic understanding of cancer genetics by rapidly identifying genetic similarities with other traits or diseases.

Significance:
The new GWAS search tool LDtrait will expedite discovery of shared genetic components underlying seemingly unrelated diseases and may offer novel insights into cancer research.
Crucial Functions of the JMJD1/KDM3 Epigenetic Regulators in Cancer
Authors: Sui Yuan , Gu Ruicai , Janknecht Ralf 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Epigenetic changes are one underlying cause for cancer development and often due to dysregulation of enzymes modifying DNA or histones. Most Jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) proteins are histone lysine demethylases (KDM) and therefore epigenetic regulators. One JMJD subfamily consists of JMJD1A/KDM3A, JMJD1B/KDM3B, and JMJD1C/KDM3C that are roughly 50% identical at the amino acid level. All three JMJD1 proteins are capable of removing dimethyl and monomethyl marks from lysine 9 on histone H3 and might also demethylate histone H4 on arginine 3 and nonhistone proteins. Analysis of knockout mice revealed critical roles for JMJD1 proteins in fertility, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and heart disease. Importantly, a plethora of studies demonstrated that especially JMJD1A and JMJD1C are overexpressed in various tumors, stimulate cancer cell proliferation and invasion, and facilitate efficient tumor growth. However, JMJD1A may also inhibit the formation of germ cell tumors. Likewise, JMJD1B appears to be a tumor suppressor in acute myeloid leukemia, but a tumor promoter in other cancers. Notably, by reducing methylation levels on histone H3 lysine 9, JMJD1 proteins can profoundly alter the transcriptome and thereby affect tumorigenesis, including through upregulating oncogenes such as CCND1, JUN, and MYC. This epigenetic activity of JMJD1 proteins is sensitive to heavy metals, oncometabolites, oxygen, and reactive oxygen species, whose levels are frequently altered within cancer cells. In conclusion, inhibition of JMJD1 enzymatic activity through small molecules is predicted to be beneficial in many different cancers, but not in the few malignancies where JMJD1 proteins apparently exert tumor-suppressive functions.