bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiresolution Approach to Condition Categorical Multiple‐Point Realizations to Dynamic Data With Iterative Ensemble Smoothing
Authors: Lam D.‐T. , Renard P. , Straubhaar J. , Kerrou J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new methodology is presented for the conditioning of categorical multiple‐point statistics (MPS) simulations to dynamic data with an iterative ensemble smoother (ES‐MDA). The methodology relies on a novel multiresolution parameterization of the categorical MPS simulation. The ensemble of latent parameters is initially defined on the basis of the coarsest‐resolution simulations of an ensemble of multiresolution MPS simulations. Because this ensemble is non‐multi‐Gaussian, additional steps prior to the computation of the first update are proposed. In particular, the parameters are updated at predefined locations at the coarsest scale and integrated as hard data to generate a new multiresolution MPS simulation. The performance of the methodology was assessed on a synthetic groundwater flow problem inspired from a real situation. The results illustrate that the method converges towards a set of final categorical realizations that are consistent with the initial categorical ensemble. The convergence is reliable in the sense that it is fully controlled by the integration of the ES‐MDA update into the new conditional multiresolution MPS simulations. Thanks to a massively reduced number of parameters compared to the size of the categorical simulation, the identification of the geological structures during the data assimilation is particularly efficient for this example. The comparison between the estimated uncertainty and a reference estimate obtained with a Monte Carlo method shows that the uncertainty is not severely reduced during the assimilation as is often the case. The connectivity is successfully reproduced during the iterative procedure despite the rather large distance between the observation points.
Use of Vestibular Rehabilitation in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Christy Jennifer 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this article was to provide a perspective on vestibular rehabilitation for children.

Conclusion
The developing child with vestibular dysfunction may present with a progressive gross motor delay, sensory disorganization for postural control, gaze instability, and poor perception of motion and verticality. It is important that vestibular-related impairments be identified early in infancy or childhood so that evidence-based interventions can be initiated. A focused and custom vestibular rehabilitation program can improve vestibular-related impairments, enabling participation. Depending on the child's age, diagnosis, severity, and quality of impairments, vestibular rehabilitation programs may consist of gaze stabilization exercises, static and dynamic balance exercises, gross motor practice, and/or habituation exercises. Exercises must be modified for children, done daily at home, and incorporated into the daily life situation.
Revisiting the Trapezius Flap as a Reconstructive Option for Cervico-Occipital and Thoracic Spine Regions
Authors: Naalla Ravikiran , Murthy Vijay , Chauhan Shashank , Chinta Kavya , Singhal Maneesh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction Reconstruction of complex soft tissue defects around the cervico-occipital and thoracic spine regions is a challenging task. We want to share our experience with trapezius flap for the reconstruction of these complex cases.
Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent reconstruction using trapezius flaps from January 2016 to June 2019 was performed. The indications, technique, complications, and outcomes were analyzed and presented.
Results Six patients (three males and three females, >10 years of age) underwent seven reconstructions using trapezius flaps (one of the patients underwent reconstruction using a bilateral trapezius flap). Trapezius flap was used to resurface the parieto-occipital (n = 2), cervico-occipital (n = 2), cervicothoracic (n = 1), and thoracic (n = 1) regions. All flaps showed successful outcomes; one patient had wound dehiscence, and one patient had partial skin graft loss.
Conclusion Trapezius flap is a reliable and good alternative to free flaps for the coverage of complex cervical-occipital and upper thoracic soft tissue defects.
Utilization of Intraparotid Segments of Superficial Temporal Vessels for Head and Scalp Free Flap Microanastomosis: A Clinical, Histological, and Cadaveric Study
Authors: Venkatesh Vishnu , Fracol Megan , Turin Sergey , Ellis Marco , Alghoul Mohammed 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The superficial temporal vessels (STV) are an underutilized target for head and neck microvascular reconstruction. Most surgeons regard the dissection as difficult, unreliable, and the anastomosis prone to vasospasm. The intraparotid course of the STV may provide more reliable flow without accompanying morbidity.
Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent head and scalp free flap reconstruction utilizing STV intraparotid segment was performed. Demographic factors such as intraoperative and postoperative complications are reported. Five bilateral cadaver heads were dissected to describe the relationship to the facial nerve. STV histology was performed on four of the cadavers, noting intraluminal diameter and vessel wall thickness.
Results Thirty-nine patients underwent free flap reconstruction with anastomosis to intraparotid STVs. Defect etiology included tumor resection (71.8%), traumatic brain injury (10.3%), intracranial bleed (12.8%), and acute trauma (5.1%). Flaps transferred included anterolateral thigh (51.3%), latissimus (33.3%), thoracodorsal artery perforator (7.7%), radial forearm (2.8%), and vastus lateralis (5.1%). Two flaps (5.1%) required takeback for arterial thrombosis, with one incidence of total flap loss (2.8%). There were no instances of transient or permanent facial nerve damage nor sialocele. On cadaver dissection, three distinct vessel segments were identified. Segments 1 and 2 represented the STVs superior to the upper tragal border. Segment 3 (intraparotid segment) began at the upper tragal border and STVs enlarged with a targeted anastomosis point at an average of 16.3 mm medial and 4.5 mm inferior to the upper border of the tragus. The frontal branch coursed 11.7 mm inferior and 11.5 mm anterior to this point. On histology, the intraluminal diameter of segment 3 was significantly larger than segment 2 (1.2 vs. 0.9 mm, p = 0.007).
Conclusion Head and neck free flap reconstruction with microanastomosis to the intraparotid segment of STVs can be safely and reliably performed.
Attributes of Perforator Flaps for Prophylatic Soft Tissue Augmentation Prior to Definitive Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Azoury Saïd C. , Stranix John T. , Piper Merisa , Kovach Stephen J. , Hallock Geoffrey G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background As our population ages, the demand for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) will dramatically increase to ensure an independent lifestyle with unimpeded and pain-free ambulation. Complications will be inevitable, especially in that patient with preexisting soft tissue deficits or extensive scarring in the knee region. Under these circumstances, prophylactic soft tissue augmentation should be strongly considered and be extremely beneficial.
Methods A retrospective review of all TKA procedures at our institutions over the past two decades revealed seven patients who specifically had soft tissue augmentation prior to their definitive TKA. Each had a single perforator flap used to achieve this. In no cases was a muscle flap used for this purpose. Excluded were all patients who had a flap of any kind for coverage of an exposed prosthesis or to accomplish wound healing after the TKA.
Results Seven perforator flaps were utilized in seven patients for soft tissue replacement prior to the ultimate TKA. For smaller defects in three patients, a local island medial sural artery perforator flap was used. For larger defects in four patients, an anterolateral thigh perforator free flap was necessary. All flaps were successful. The only complication was an implant infection after one anterolateral thigh free flap that required a revision arthroplasty that eventually allowed salvage. Unrestricted ambulation was possible in all patients except for one who had a preexisting contralateral below-knee amputation.
Conclusion As the number of TKA procedures in the near future increases, prevention of the absolute number of complications becomes even more important. An awareness that any knee region suboptimal soft tissue base can lead to wound breakdown and then periprosthetic infection should alert all involved that prevention of this sequela can be best achieved by prior soft tissue augmentation. Preferably, this may be possible by capturing the assets of local and free perforator flaps.
Location and Extent of A1, A2 Release and Its Impact on Tendon Subluxation and Bowstringing—A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Bhandari Laxminarayan , Hamidian Jahromi Alireza , Miller Aden Gunnar , Tien Huey 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSurgical treatment of trigger finger involves release of A1 pulley. Some authors have theorized that the loss of A1 pulley can lead to ulnar subluxation of flexor tendons, which can be prevented by release of A1 pulley radially, even in a nonrheumatoid hand. However, there is no evidence in literature to either support or oppose this hypothesis. Occasionally, difficulty is encountered to precisely identify where A1 ends and A2 begins. While incomplete release of A1 can cause relapse of triggering, release of substantial A2 can cause bowstringing. Knowledge of the safe limit of concomitant A2 release is beneficial. The study was conducted in 12 cadaver upper extremity specimens. A1 pulleys of 48 fingers were divided at the radial (24 fingers) or ulnar (24 fingers) attachment. A 20lb traction force was applied on the flexor tendons. Any subluxation or bowstringing was noted. The experiment was repeated following serial release of the A2—initially 25%, followed by 50% and 100%. No bowstringing or subluxation was noted when A1 pulley was opened, either by radial or ulnar incision. The same was true for A1 + 25% A2 release. When A1 + 50% A2 pulley were released, bowstringing was observed in 3/48 fingers. When A1 + 100% of the A2 pulley were released, bowstringing occurred in all cases. The location of incision for release of the A1 pulley has no effect on bowstringing or tendon subluxation. Release of additional 25% of the A2 pulley can be performed safely, which corresponds to the level of palmar digital crease.
Early Excision and Grafting in Burns: An Experience in a Tertiary Care Industrial Hospital of Eastern India
Authors: Goswami Prasenjit , Sahu Seelora , Singodia Pankaj , Kumar Manjeet , Tudu Tukulu , Kumar Abinash , Sinha Pankaj Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction To compare the burn patients undergoing early excision and grafting (within 7 days of burn injury) with the patients undergoing late surgeries (more than 7 days after burn injury) to see if there was any difference in surgical and outcome parameters including length of stay, expenditure, and overall outcome of the patients.
Material and Methods A retrospective analysis of the data collected from the burn care unit records over a period of one year was done. Fifty-eight patients who matched with our inclusion criteria were divided into two groups. An early excision group who underwent surgery within 7 days of sustaining burn injury (n = 24) and a late excision group who underwent excision and grafting/debridement after 7 days of sustaining burn (n = 34). Data recorded included demographic variables like age, sex, percentage total body surface area (TBSA) burn; nature of burn; date of sustaining burn; date of admission to the burn care unit; and treatment and outcome parameters like date of surgery, days from burn injury to first surgery, number of surgeries, type of surgery, percentage of TBSA resurfaced with skin graft, blood products used, length of stay, outcome, and total expenditure incurred by patients.
Results There was no statistically significant difference in the number of surgeries done, the units of packed cell used, and the number of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) used between the early excision group and the late excision group. The length of stay was significantly low in the early excision group as compared with the late excision group. The expenditure incurred in the treatment of the early excision group was significantly lower than the cost of treatment of the late excision group.
Conclusion Early excision and grafting in burn cases reduces the length of the stay of burn patients and, in turn, reduces the cost of treatment. However, having a dedicated burn care unit is important for the hospitals and both public and private hospitals should make a move in that direction.
Outcomes of Deferred Revascularization Following Physiological Coronary Assessment Using Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Shaik Shabbir Ali , Sunitha Aramalla , Garre Indrani , Lakshmi VS Bharathi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective Outcomes of patients with deferred revascularization for intermediate stenosis coronary lesion based upon physiological assessment using fractional flow reserve ([FFR] >0.80).
Methods Patients with chest pain with angiographic intermediate stenosis, (40–70% stenosis) without noninvasive test evidence of ischemia were selected and underwent an FFR assessment between January 1, 2015, and August 31, 2018. Patients with intermediate lesions of FFR > 0.80 were followed, and those patients with lesion with FFR < 0.8 were excluded from the study. The primary outcomes of the study were to know the composite of target lesion revascularization (TLR), myocardial infarction (MI), and other vascular complications (major adverse cardiovascular events [MACE]).
Results In 102 patients who underwent deferred revascularization (FFR > 0.80), 104 FFR studies were done and followed over one year. Four patients needed target lesion revascularization (3.92%). Three patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (2.94%) within nine months of follow-up, and one patient underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (0.98%) at one year of follow-up. Two patients died with acute MI with sudden cardiac arrest (1.96%). Two patients developed right hemiparesis (2.94%) on one year of follow-up due to acute ischemic stroke of a middle cerebral artery, and one patient underwent permanent pacemaker implantation for complete heart block (CHB). The incidence of the total events was 8.82%, TLR was 3.92%, Coronary event rate was 5.88%, and MACE was 7.84%.
Conclusions Our study shows that there was a significant increase in the incidence of coronary event rate (5.88%) and the MACE rate (7.84%) in patients of deferred coronary revascularization based on higher FFR values (>0.8).
Beyond black and white: heibaika, neuroparenting, and lay neuroscience
Authors: Chen Jia-shin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHeibaika(Mandarin for black-and-white cards) are tools that Taiwanese parents use for infants below 3 months old. These cards are claimed to stimulate vision and enhance the brain. Although the scientific efficacy ofheibaikais questionable, the wide circulation of these cards illustrates the ways some try to urge laypeople to imagine and picture the infant brain. Thus, the use ofheibaikaconstitutes a good example of neuroparenting and neuroculture, where flourishing neuroscience transforms the parenting culture. In the present study, multiple methodologies are applied, and the emergence ofheibaikais identified as a twenty-first century phenomenon popularised by online forums and postpartum care centres, among many other channels.Heibaikaare contextualised in the globalisation of neuroparenting through translation since the 1990s and the rising anxiety of contemporary Taiwanese parents. Through interview analysis, parents are classified into believers, sceptics, and cautious experimenters. Their anticipations and worries are further elaborated. The paper concludes by highlighting its three major contributions: the importance of studying lay neuroscience as a way to rethink and problematise the boundary between science and culture, the enrichment of the concept of neuroparenting, and the emphasis on the dimension of globalisation and knowledge transmission.
The
Mycobacterium marinum
ESX-1 system mediates phagosomal permeabilization and type I interferon production via separable mechanisms
Authors: Lienard Julia , Nobs Esther , Lovins Victoria , Movert Elin , Valfridsson Christine , Carlsson Fredric 
Published: December 2019

Significance
The mycobacterial ESX-1 type VII secretion system promotes phagosomal rupture and type I IFN production, key features of tuberculosis pathogenesis. It is currently believed that the secreted substrate ESAT-6 is required for phagosomal permeabilization and that a subsequent leakage of bacterial DNA into the host cell cytosol triggers type I IFN. Our genetic analyses demonstrate that ESX-1–mediated membrane permeabilization does not require ability to secrete ESAT-6 and is insufficient to induce type I IFN. Instead, type I IFN production is associated with intact ESX-1 function and correlates with cytosolic release of host DNA. Thus, ESX-1 affects host membrane integrity and induction of type I IFN via discrete mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms may provide insight into how mycobacteria cause disease.
Substrate selectivity by the exonuclease Rrp6p
Authors: Axhemi Armend , Wasmuth Elizabeth V. , Lima Christopher D. , Jankowsky Eckhard 
Published: December 2019

Significance
In RNA metabolism, many proteins act on diverse cellular RNAs, but avoid certain RNA subsets. To understand how this is accomplished, we investigate the exonuclease Rrp6p, which acts on many, but not all RNAs. We measure degradation kinetics at single-nucleotide resolution and find that Rrp6p discriminates against RNAs ending in CCA-3′. This sequence occurs at the 3′ termini of uncharged tRNAs, a class of abundant RNAs that Rrp6p does not degrade in the cell. Our data provide an unexpected perspective on substrate specificity of RNA-interacting proteins by showing that specificity is used not only to enable preferential action on certain RNAs, but also to selectively avoid RNAs.
Internal fluid pressure influences muscle contractile force
Authors: Sleboda David A. , Roberts Thomas J. 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Skeletal muscles are hierarchical structures with important functional components spread across molecular, cellular, and tissue levels of organization. Studying interactions across these levels is crucial, as multiscale mechanics can yield emergent properties not exhibited by isolated tissue components. Here, through physical modeling of muscle morphology and experiments on bullfrog muscle, we show that fluid pressure within muscle acts as an important but largely unacknowledged intermediary between contractile proteins operating at molecular scales and extracellular matrix elements present throughout the tissue. We show that forces transmitted through pressurized fluid to the extracellular matrix significantly influence the mechanics of both actively contracting and passively deformed muscle, a finding with implications for our understanding of both normal and pathological muscle physiology.
Use of patient-generated health data across healthcare settings: implications for health systems
Authors: Austin Elizabeth , Lee Jenney R , Amtmann Dagmar , Bloch Rich , Lawrence Sarah O , McCall Debbe , Munson Sean , Lavallee Danielle C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
The growing prevalence of chronic conditions requiring changes in lifestyle and at-home self-management has increased interest in and need for supplementing clinic visits with data generated by patients outside the clinic. Patient-generated health data (PGHD) support the ability to diagnose and manage chronic conditions, to improve health outcomes, and have the potential to facilitate more “connected health” between patients and their care teams; however, health systems have been slow to adopt PGHD use in clinical care.

Materials and Methods
We surveyed current and potential users of PGHD to catalog how PGHD is integrated into clinical care at an academic health center. The survey included questions about data type, method of collection, and clinical uses of PGHD. Current users were asked to provide detailed case studies of PGHD use in research and care delivery.

Results
Thirty-one respondents completed the survey. Seventeen individuals contributed detailed case studies of PGHD use across diverse areas of care, including behavioral health, metabolic and gastrointestinal conditions, musculoskeletal/progressive functional conditions, cognitive symptoms, and pain management. Sensor devices and mobile technologies were the most commonly reported platforms for collection. Clinicians and researchers involved in PGHD use cited the potential for PGHD to enhance care delivery and outcomes, but also indicated substantial barriers to more widespread PGHD adoption across healthcare systems.

Conclusion
The results of our survey illustrate how PGHD is used in targeted areas of one healthcare system and provide meaningful insights that can guide health systems in supporting the widespread use of PGHD in care delivery.
Anti-melanogenic activity of salacinol by inhibition of tyrosinase oligosaccharide processing
Authors: Homma Toshiyuki , Kageyama Shigeki , Nishikawa Atsushi , Nagata Kozo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHyperpigmentation that manifests through melasma and solar lentigo (age spots), although mostly harmless for health, bothers many people. Controlling the rate-limiting activity of tyrosinase is most effective for suppressing excessive melanin formation and accordingly recent research has focused on the maturation of tyrosinase. Salacia, a medicinal plant, has been used to treat diabetes in India and Sri Lanka. Salacia extract reportedly contains components that inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase. Salacinol, the active ingredient in Salacia extract, has unique thiosugar sulphonium sulphate inner salt structure. Here, we observed that the salacinol component of Salacia extract possesses anti-melanogenic activity in comparison to various existing whitening agents. Although the anti-melanogenic mechanism of salacinol is presumably medicated by inhibition of tyrosinase activity, which is often found in existing whitening agents, salacinol did not inhibit tyrosinase activity in vitro. Analysis of the intracellular state of tyrosinase showed a decrease in the mature tyrosinase form due to inhibition of N-linked oligosaccharide processing. Salacinol inhibited the processing glucosidase I/II, which are involved in the initial stage of N-linked glycosylation. Owing to high activity, low cytotoxicity and high hydrophilicity, salacinol is a promising candidate compound in whitening agents aimed for external application on skin.
As Seen on TV? How Gatekeeping Makes the U.S. House Seem More Extreme
Authors: Padgett Jeremy , Dunaway Johanna L , Darr Joshua P 
Published: December 2019

AbstractToday’s news media environment incentivizes gatekeeping practices that lead to a bias toward content containing partisan conflict and ideological extremity. Using a content analysis of 46,218 cable and broadcast television news transcripts from the 109th through 112th Congresses, we examined the frequency with which members of Congress appeared on cable and broadcast news. When we modelled on-air statements by members of Congress as a function of legislator and institutional characteristics, we revealed a gatekeeping function that vastly overrepresents extreme partisans on both sides of the aisle. The effect is largely consistent for network and cable outlets alike, suggesting that gatekeeping processes under both market and advocacy models bias content towards the extreme and conflictual. This finding is particularly important in light of recent evidence linking media-driven misperceptions about polarization to partisan-ideological sorting and negative political affect in the electorate.