bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MSC-derived exosomes attenuate cell death through suppressing AIF nucleus translocation and enhance cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Zhao Guifang , Liu Feilin , Liu Zinan , Zuo Kuiyang , Wang Bo , Zhang Yuying , Han Xing , Lian Aobo , Wang Yuan , Liu Mingsheng , Zou Fei , Li Pengdong , Liu Xiaomei , Jin Minghua , Liu Jin Yu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin wounding is very common and may be slow to heal. Increasing evidence shows that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) dramatically enhance skin wound healing in a paracrine manner. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon has not yet been elucidated. Thus, the objective of the present study was to identify the signaling pathways and paracrine factors by which MSC-derived exosomes promote de novo skin tissue regeneration in response to wound healing.MethodsIn vitro and in vivo skin wound healing models were created by treating immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and excising full-thickness mouse skin, respectively. Exosomes were extracted from human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly MSCs (hucMSC-Ex) by ultracentrifugation of cell culture supernatant.ResultsThe hucMSC-Ex treatment significantly increased HaCaT cell proliferation and migration in a time- and dose-dependent manner, suppressed HaCaT apoptosis induced with H2O2by inhibiting nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and upregulating poly ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR). The animal experiments showed that relative to hucMSCs, hucMSC-Ex attenuated full-thickness skin wounding by enhancing epidermal re-epithelialization and dermal angiogenesis.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that direct administration of hucMSC-Ex may effectively treat cutaneous wounding and could be of great value in clinical settings.
Sex differences in traumatic stress reactivity in rats with and without a history of alcohol drinking
Authors: Albrechet-Souza Lucas , Schratz Connor L. , Gilpin Nicholas W. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Alcohol misuse and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly comorbid, and treatment outcomes are worse in individuals with both conditions. Although more men report experiencing traumatic events than women, the lifetime prevalence of PTSD is twice as high in females. Despite these data trends in humans, preclinical studies of traumatic stress reactivity have been performed almost exclusively in male animals.

Methods
This study was designed to examine sex differences in traumatic stress reactivity in alcohol-naive rats (experiment 1) and rats given intermittent access to 20% ethanol in a 2-bottle choice paradigm for 5 weeks (experiment 2). Animals were exposed to predator odor (bobcat urine) and tested for contextual avoidance 24 h later; unstressed controls were never exposed to predator odor. We evaluated changes in physiological arousal using the acoustic startle response (ASR) test at day 2 post-stress and anxiety-like behavior measured in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) at day 17 post-stress. In experiment 3, time course of corticosterone response was examined in male and female rats following exposure to predator odor stress.

Results
Alcohol-naive males and females exposed to predator odor displayed blunted weight gain 24 h post-stress, but only a subset of stressed animals exhibited avoidance behavior. In alcohol-drinking animals, the proportion of avoiders was higher in males than females, and predator odor exposure increased ASR in males only. Stressed females exhibited blunted ASR relative to unstressed females and stressed males, regardless of alcohol drinking history. Alcohol-experienced females presented lower anxiety-like behavior and higher general activity in the EPM in comparison with alcohol-experienced males. Plasma corticosterone levels were higher in females immediately after predator odor exposure until 60 min post-stress relative to males.

Conclusions
We report robust sex differences in behavioral and endocrine responses to bobcat urine exposure in adult Wistar rats. Also, males with a history of chronic moderate alcohol drinking exhibited increased traumatic stress reactivity relative to alcohol-drinking females. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in the investigation of traumatic stress effects on physiology and behavior.
Positive explicit and implicit computational techniques for reaction–diffusion epidemic model of dengue disease dynamics
Authors: Ahmed Nauman , Rafiq Muhammad , Baleanu Dumitru , Alshomrani Ali Saleh , Rehman Muhammad Aziz-ur 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work is to develop a novel explicit unconditionally positivity preserving finite difference (FD) scheme and an implicit positive FD scheme for the numerical solution of dengue epidemic reaction–diffusion model with incubation period of virus. The proposed schemes are unconditionally stable and preserve all the essential properties of the solution of the dengue reaction diffusion model. This proposed FD schemes are unconditionally dynamically consistent with positivity property and converge to the true equilibrium points of dengue epidemic reaction diffusion system. Comparison of the proposed scheme with the well-known existing techniques is also presented. The time efficiency of both the proposed schemes is also compared, with the two widely used techniques.
An ensemble-learning method for potential traffic hotspots detection on heterogeneous spatio-temporal data in highway domain
Authors: Ding Weilong , Xia Yanqing , Wang Zhe , Chen Zhenyu , Gao Xingyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInter-city highway plays an important role in modern urban life and generates sensory data with spatio-temporal characteristics. Its current situation and future trends are valuable for vehicles guidance and transportation security management. As a domain routine analysis, daily detection of traffic hotspots faces challenges in efficiency and precision, because huge data deteriorates processing latency and many correlative factors cannot be fully considered. In this paper, an ensemble-learning based method for potential traffic hotspots detection is proposed. Considering time, space, meteorology, and calendar conditions, daily traffic volume is modeled on heterogeneous data, and trends predictive error can be reduced through gradient boosting regression technology. Using real-world data from one Chinese provincial highway, extensive experiments and case studies show our methods with second-level executive latency with a distinct improvement in predictive precision.
Screening for triazole resistance in clinically significant Aspergillus species; report from Pakistan
Authors: Moin Safia , Farooqi Joveria , Jabeen Kauser , Laiq Sidra , Zafar Afia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Burden of aspergillosis is reported to be significant from developing countries including those in South Asia. The estimated burden in Pakistan is also high on the background of tuberculosis and chronic lung diseases. There is concern for management of aspergillosis with the emergence of azole resistant Aspergillus species in neighbouring countries in Central and South Asia.
Hence the aim of this study was to screen significant Aspergillus species isolates at the Microbiology Section of Aga Khan Clinical Laboratories, Pakistan, for triazole resistance.

Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted at the Aga Khan University Laboratories, Karachi, from September 2016–May 2019. One hundred and fourteen, clinically significant Aspergillus isolates [A. fumigatus (38; 33.3%), A. flavus (64; 56.1%), A. niger (9; 7.9%) A. terreus (3; 2.6%)] were included. The clinical spectrum ranged from invasive aspergillosis (IA) (n = 25; 21.9%), chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) (n = 58; 50.9%), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) (n = 4; 3.5%), severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS) (n = 4; 3.5%), saprophytic tracheobronchial aspergillosis (n = 23; 20.2%). Screening for triazole resistance was performed by antifungal agar screening method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 41 representative isolates were tested and interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method.

Results
All the isolates were triazole-susceptible on agar screening. MICs of three azole antifungals for 41 tested isolates were found to be ≤1 ml/L; all isolates tested were categorized as triazole-susceptible, including 4 isolates from patients previously on triazole therapy for more than 2 weeks. The minimum inhibitory concentration required to inhibit the growth of 90% organisms (MIC90) of itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole of the representative Aspergillus isolates was 1 mg/L, 1 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L, respectively.

Conclusion
Triazole resistance could not be detected amongst clinical Aspergillus isolates from the South of Pakistan. However, environmental strains remain to be tested for a holistic assessment of the situation. This study will set precedence for future periodic antifungal resistance surveillance in our region on Aspergillus isolates.
CXCL9 and CXCL10 display an age-dependent profile in Chagas patients: a cohort study of aging in Bambui, Brazil
Authors: de Araújo Fernanda Fortes , Lima Torres Karen Cecília , Viana Peixoto Sérgio , Pinho Ribeiro Antonio Luiz , Vaz Melo Mambrini Juliana , Bortolo Rezende Vitor , Lima Silva Maria Luiza , Loyola Filho Antônio Ignácio , Teixeira-Carvalho Andréa , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda , Martins-Filho Olindo Assis 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Chagas disease is endemic in Latin America and still represents an important public health problem in the region. Chronic cardiomyopathy is the most significant chronic form due to its association with morbidity and mortality. The last decade has seen increasing evidence that inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are responsible for the generation of inflammatory infiltrate and tissue damage, with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy patients presenting a pro-inflammatory immune response. Although studies have evaluated the role of chemokines in experimental T. cruzi infection, few have addressed their systemic profile, especially for human infection and in aging populations. The present work aimed to use the data from a large population based study of older adults, conducted in an endemic area for Chagas disease, to examine the association between serum levels of cytokines and chemokines, T. cruzi infection and electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormality.

Methods
The present work evaluated serum levels of CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL5, CXCL8, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, IL-12 and IL-10 by Flow Cytometric Bead Array assay (CBA) and the results expressed in pg/ml. The baseline survey started in January 1st 1997, with 1284 participants of an aged population-based cohort. Participants signed an informed consent at baseline and at each subsequent visit and authorized death certificate and medical records verification.

Results
Our results demonstrated that Chagas disease patients had higher serum levels of CXCL9, CXCL10 and IL-1β and lower serum levels of CCL5 than non-infected subjects. Moreover, our data demonstrated that CXCL9 and CXCL10 increased in an age-dependent profile in Chagas disease patients.

Conclusion
Together, this study provided evidences that serum biomarkers increase along the age continuum and may have potential implications for establishing clinical management protocols and therapeutic intervention in Chagas disease patients.
Does treatment method matter? A meta-analysis of the past 20 years of research on therapeutic interventions for self-harm and suicidal ideation in adolescents
Authors: Kothgassner Oswald D. , Robinson Kealagh , Goreis Andreas , Ougrin Dennis , Plener Paul L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSelf-harm is a clinically relevant and prevalent behaviour which peaks in adolescence. Given the high prevalence of self-harm, the high levels of psychiatric comorbidity, and its role as a risk factor for suicide, delivering evidence-based care is critical.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on treating self-harm in adolescents (12–19 years) published in the last 20 years, identifying 25 randomised controlled trials. We calculated the effect of treatment interventions relative to active control conditions in reducing self-harm, suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms.ResultsOverall, treatment interventions fared slightly better than active controls in decreasing self-harm (d = 0.13, 95% CI 0.04–0.22,p = .004), suicidal ideation (d = 0.31, 95% CI 0.12–0.50,p = .001) and depressive symptoms (d = 0.22, 95% CI 0.07–0.38,p = .006). Subgroup analysis of specific therapies revealed moderate effects of DBT-A in reducing self-harm (d = 0.51, 95% CI 0.18–0.85,p = .002) and suicidal ideation (d = 0.48, 95% CI 0.17–0.80,p = .003), as well as moderate effects of family-centred therapy in the treating suicidal ideation (d = 0.58, 95% CI 0.01–1.15,p = .049).ConclusionsThe findings of our meta-analysis indicate that, overall, currently available treatments are effective in treating self-harm, suicidal ideation, and depressive symptoms in adolescence. Although the treatment intervention conditions showed only small to moderate effects in comparison to active controls, these differences were statistically significant and are clinically important. Further research is needed to understand the reduction in self-harm within active controls, which may arise due to the natural course of self-harm, or the potential efficacy of treatment as usual and enhanced usual care. Given the significant reduction of self-harm in active control conditions, delivering effective care to a large number of adolescents with self-harm may require developing stepped-care models in clinical practice. Expensive and poorly available treatments should be targeted at young people who most need them.
Job satisfaction among pharmacy professionals working in public hospitals and its associated factors, eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Yohanes , Hawulte Behailu , Feto Tilayie , Basker G. Vijai , Bacha Yadeta Dessie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Poor job satisfaction has been associated with less productivity and high staff turnover. Various factors are thought to contribute for job dissatisfaction among pharmacy professionals and very limited studies have been conducted in eastern part of Ethiopia. Therefore, the current study was aimed to assess the level of job satisfaction among pharmacy professionals and its predictors.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 232 pharmacy professionals to assess level of job satisfaction in public hospitals located in the eastern Ethiopia. The data were collected using self- administered semi-structured questionnaires. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 14.2 for analysis. Associations between the dependent and independent variables were assessed by multivariate analysis using an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results
A total 220 questionnaires were found complete and included in the analysis. The mean age of participants was 27.6(SD + 4.1). More than half of the respondents (55.4%) had a bachelor degree and the majority (86.4%) were working less than 40 h per week, mostly in dispensing units (75.4%). About one third of the participants (32.7, 95% CI; 26.8–39.2) were found to be satisfied with their job. Age category of 20 to 25 years in reference to age greater than 30 years (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI; 1.1–9.7), holding a bachelor degree in reference to having diploma (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI; 1.8–10.00), working for more than 40 h per week (AOR = 6.2, 95% CI, 2.4–16), and working in dispensing units (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI; 1.1–5.5) were found to have strong association with job dissatisfaction.

Conclusion
In this study, the job satisfaction levels of pharmacy professionals were found to be very low. The age category of 20 to 25, holding a bachelor degree, working for more than 40 h per week, and working in dispensing unit were found to be strong predictors of job dissatisfaction. Hence, pharmacy directors and hospital administrators should work to reduce unnecessary workload on the staffs and create good working climate.
Frictional and structural controls of seismic super-cycles at the Japan trench
Authors: Barbot Sylvain 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe diverse mechanical behaviors of subduction zones during the seismic cycle emerge from the nonlinear dynamics of a complex mechanical system with interacting brittle and ductile deformation. The 2011 Tohoku mega-quake represents the culmination of a super-cycle of partial and full ruptures of the plate interface, but the physical controls on the down-dip segmentation of the megathrust remain unclear. Here, we propose a two-dimensional rheological model of the Japan trench to explain the variability of earthquake size at the Miyagi section, in northern Honshu, during the last century. We simulate seismicity in a continuum with a physics-based rate- and state-dependent constitutive law for fault slip, producing aperiodic earthquake sequences with a power-law distribution of rupture sizes. Although some partial ruptures of the megathrust are the result of self-emergent behavior, others are structurally controlled. The 1978 and 2005 Mj$$\sim$$∼7 interplate earthquakes took place in a metamorphic belt in the mantle wedge corner bounded up-dip by the arc Moho that constitutes a permanent structural boundary. We explain the succession of the great 1981 Mw = 7.1 and 2003 Mw = 6.9 earthquakes within the forearc and the 2011 giant earthquake as the natural response of a large continuously velocity-weakening fault with a small nucleation size. The shallow segment below the frontal prism only slips in giant through-going ruptures that unzip the whole velocity-weakening interface. The model consistently explains the size, recurrence time, and hypocenter location of historical earthquakes in the Miyagi segment, the slow-slip and foreshock preparatory phase of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, the large slip near the trench during the giant rupture, and important features of its postseismic deformation. The complex patterns of seismicity at the Japan trench can be better understood by assimilating geological and geophysical observations at various periods of the seismic cycle within an explicative physical framework.
Personalized radiation dosimetry for PRRT—how many scans are really required?
Authors: Freedman Nanette , Sandström Mattias , Kuten Jonathan , Shtraus Natan , Ospovat Inna , Schlocker Albert , Even-Sapir Einat 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Over recent years, peptide receptor radiotherapy (PRRT) has been recognized as an effective treatment for patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Personalized dosimetry can contribute to improve the outcome of peptide receptor radiotherapy (PRRT) in patients with metastatic NETs. Dosimetry can aid treatment planning, ensuring that absorbed dose to vulnerable normal organs (kidneys and bone marrow) does not exceed safe limits over serial treatments, and that absorbed dose to tumor is sufficient. Absorbed dose is estimated from a series of post-treatment SPECT/CT images. Total self-dose is proportional to the integral under the time activity concentration curve (TACC). Method dependence of image-based absorbed dose calculations has been previously investigated, and we set out here to extend previous work by examining implications of number of data points in the TACC and the numerical integration methods used in estimating absorbed dose.

Methods
In this retrospective study, absorbed dose estimates and effective half-lives were calculated by fitting curves to TACCs for normal organs and tumors in 30 consecutive patients who underwent a series of 4 post-treatment SPECT/CT scans at 4 h, 24 h, 4–5 days, and 1 week following 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT. We examined the effects of including only 2 or 3 rather than all 4 data points in the TACC, and the effect of numerical integration method (mono-exponential alone or in combination with trapezoidal rule) on the absorbed dose and half-life estimates. Our current method is the combination of trapezoidal rule over the first 24 h, with mono-exponential fit thereafter extrapolated to infinity. The other methods were compared to this current method.

Results
Differences in absorbed dose and effective half-life between the current method and estimates based only on the second, third, and fourth scans were very small (mean differences < 2.5%), whereas differences between the current method and 4-point mono-exponential fit were higher (mean differences < 5%) with a larger range. It appears that in a 4-point mono-exponential fit the early (4 h) time point may skew results, causing some large errors. Differences between the current method and values based on only 2 time points were relatively small (mean differences < 3.5%) when the 24 h and 1 week scans were used, but when the 24 h and 4–5 days scans, or the 4–5 days and 1 week scans were used, differences were greater.

Conclusion
This study indicates that for 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT, accurate estimates of absorbed dose for organs and tumors may be estimated from scans at 24 h, 72 h, and 1 week post-treatment without an earlier scan. It may even be possible to cut out the 72 h scan, though the uncertainty increases. However, further work on more patients is required to validate this.
Implementation of policy, system and environment changes in early childhood education settings
Authors: Farewell Charlotte V. , Powers Jamie N. , Maiurro Emily , Scarbro Sharon , Quinlan Jennie , Puma Jini 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Changing Policy, System, and Environmental features focused on physical activity and healthy eating behaviors can play a key role in obesity prevention strategies in early childhood education settings because of their broad reach and because they can be sustained over time. The primary aims of this study were to examine the implementation and sustainability of health-promoting PSE changes after facilitation of an innovative strategic planning process in child care settings.

Methods
The evidence-based policy, system, and environment change process is a strategic planning tool derived from intervention mapping that involves convening interdisciplinary wellness teams at child care settings to implement healthy eating and physical activity-related policy changes. The process was conducted with 43 wellness teams representing 68 child care centers.

Results
The average number of health-promoting evidence-based changes implemented across all child care centers was 5.07; the most common type of changes were environment changes. Overall, 42% of changes were partially implemented and 47% of changes were fully implemented at 6 months. Head Start wellness teams implemented 1.52 fewer health-promoting changes compared to private fee-based wellness teams (p < .05).

Conclusions
Identifying health-promoting policy, system and environment changes that are most readily implemented and sustained in child care centers can inform systems-level interventions and resource allocation related to early childhood obesity. This strategic planning process is a successful tool to translate sustainable changes related to healthy eating and physical activity, improve the quality rating of diverse child care centers, and promote healthy behaviors in early childhood.