bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution and seasonal movement patterns of reintroduced Chinese giant salamanders
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhao Hu , Willard Scott , Wang Qijun , Jiang Wei , Zhang Hong-Xing , Kouba Andrew 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundVery little is known about the temporal or spatial movement patterns of Chinese giant salamanders (Andrias davidianus) due to their rarity, remote habitat and secretive nature. Commercial breeding farms provide a unique opportunity as a source of animals for reintroduction and spatial ecology studies, which will help inform conservation management efforts for this threatened species. We surgically implanted radio transmitters into the body cavity of 31 juvenile giant salamanders, and these salamanders were subsequently released into two small river systems (Donghe and Heihe Rivers) located in the Qinling Mountains of central China and were monitored daily from May 2013 to August 2014.ResultsOnly two salamanders survived through the end of the project at the Heihe River compared with 12 at the Donghe River, thus movement data for salamanders released at the Heihe river are described individually. The overall sedentariness (ratio of no movement to all observations) for the two salamanders at the Heihe River was 0.29 and 0.28 compared to the average sedentariness of 0.26 ± 0.01 for the 12 salamanders at the Donghe River. Mean daily movement was 15.4 m ± 0.7 at the Heihe River compared to 9.3 m ± 0.3 at the Donghe River. Overall linear home range (LHR) was 246 m and 392 m for the two salamanders at the Heihe River, compared with a mean LHR of 227.2 m ± 70.5 at the Donghe River. The Donghe salamanders exhibited different movement patterns across seasons, having higher sedentariness, shorter daily movement, and smaller LHR in winter than in summer. Up-stream dispersal and fidelity to release site were recorded at both rivers. The mean dispersal distance for the Donghe River salamanders was 145.3 m ± 61.9, while the two surviving salamanders at the Heihe River had a dispersal distance of 211 m and 205 m.ConclusionsThis project provides important insights on the movement ecology of a large aquatic salamander species, and in particular, our results may assist with reintroduction efforts by developing best management practices on when and where to release animals as a conservation strategy.
Gender, Genre, and Literary Firsts
Authors: Twohig Erin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article questions the conventional wisdom that Ahlam Mosteghanemi’s Dhakirat al-jasad was the first Arabic-language novel written by an Algerian woman. Published more than a decade earlier, Zhor Wanisi’s novel Min yawmiyat mudarrisa hurra received less critical attention, despite representing an important contribution to Algerian literature and women’s life writing. Rather than accepting the “first” novel as an objective category, this article shows how the accolade has obscured works like Wanisi’s from Algerian literary history, reinforced gender and genre binaries, and subjected both authors to biased evaluation. The article draws on a corpus of book reviews, scholarly articles, and monographs to describe how Wanisi’s work was discounted as not a “true” novel, and the related process that brought Mosteghanemi to world fame. The trajectories of Wanisi and Mosteghanemi, placed side by side, suggest new avenues for our understanding of gender, literary genre, and the postcolonial dynamics of world literature.
Anticolonial Colonialism
Authors: Lindsay-Perez Monica 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Between 1931 and 1936 the democratic Spanish government overthrew the monarchy and established the Second Spanish Republic. It was a volatile period for Spanish-Moroccan relations. Fascists were in favor of the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco, whereas Republicans were typically against it. Aurora Bertrana (1892–1974) was a Republican Catalan writer who moved to Morocco in 1935 to write about Muslim women living under the Spanish Protectorate. A close examination of her novel El Marroc sensual i fanàtic (1935) reveals an anticolonialism based on her preoccupation with Spanish nationalist dignity rather than with Moroccan independence. Instead of concluding that Spain’s colonization of Morocco is not good, Bertrana concludes that it is not good enough. Her writing perpetuates centuries-old Spanish Orientalist stereotypes, thus complicating the glorified history of Spanish Republican anticolonialism and feminism in the 1930s.
Radiation Safety Standards and Basic Health Rules for Radiation Safety: Proposal on the Development of New Versions
Authors: Симаков А. , Simakov A. , Абрамов Ю. , Abramov Yu. 
Published: October 2019

The objective of this work is to enhance national Radiation safety standards (NRB) and Basic Health Rules for Radiation Safety (OSPORB).
This article discusses proposals how to amend new versions of the fundamental regulatory documents – national NRB and OSPORB as regards the interpretation of the term “limit of the annual effective dose of manmade individual exposure” and the health physics limiting the content of artificial radionuclides in solid materials for their unrestricted use.
In current Radiation Safety Standards, NRB-99/2009 (paragraph 3.1.5.), in contrast to the Federal Law of 09.01.1996 No 3-FZ “On the Public Radiation Protection” and provisions of draft International Basic Safety Standards, annual effective dose means gross effective dose of external and internal exposure, received for the calendar year. The article describes the situation where the doses of a conditional worker do not exceed the dose limits in a single calendar year, i.e. < 50 mSv, however, for any arbitrarily taken time interval equal to one year, the annual dose limit of 50 mSv is repeatedly exceeded. Therefore, the following amendment is proposed to be made in new version of the NRB: “Annual effective dose means the sum of the effective external dose received for any arbitrarily taken time interval equal to one year and the ambient effective internal dose due to the intake of radionuclides in the body over the same period”.
In current Basic Health Rules for Radiation Safety, OSPORB 99/2010, Annex 3 “The Specific Activities of Artificial Radionuclides, at which Unrestricted Use of Materials is Permitted” does not include the uranium isotopes 234U, 235U and 238U; this contradicts paragraph 5.2.10 of OSPORB-99/2010, according to which these isotopes should be attributed to manmade radiation sources.
The article justifies the expediency of establishing the upper value of the specific activity of 1 Bq/g for the main uranium radionuclides in solid materials in case of their unlimited use.
The supplement of Appendix 3 is proposed to the new version of the OSPORB with uranium isotopes 234U, 235U, 238U, setting the standard for their specific activity of 1 Bq/g in solid materials for unlimited use.
Characters of Oncohematological Disease Formation in Long Terms after Acute Radiation Sickness
Authors: Суворова Л. , Suvorova L. , Галстян И. , Galstyan I. , Надежина Н. , Nadejina N. , Нугис В. , Nugis V. , Козлова М. , Kozlova M. , Андрианова И. , Andrianova I. , Мальцев В. , Maltsev V. , Мороз Б. , Moroz B. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To clarify the frequency, nosological forms, the timing of development and the features of the clinical course of developed oncohematological diseases on the basis of a retrospective analysis of the results of long-term follow-up of patients who underwent acute radiation syndrome (ARS).
Material and methods: An analysis of clinical histories from archives of A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of 157 patients who underwent ARS of varying severity, and some scientific publications. Various oncohematological diseases developed in the long-term period in 8 patients with ARS I–III severity: in 5 patients – myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), in 2 – chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and in 1 – acute myelomonoblastic leukemia (OMML).
Results: The excess absolute risk of developing MDS and leukemia in the group is 7.2×10–4 man-years/Gy. All patients underwent relatively uniform irradiation. MDS developed in 5 patients who underwent ARS as a result of a single acute gamma-beta- and gamma-neutron irradiation at doses of 1.2–5.0 Gy. Nosological forms of MDS: with unilinear dysplasia, with multilinear dysplasia (2 cases), with ringed sideroblasts, with excess blasts. The latency period lasted from 3 to 31 years. Age at the time of irradiation was 28–55 years. CML, Ph-positive form, was detected in 2 patients. Doses of gamma-beta-radiation were 2.0 and 4.3 Gy. Age of patients at the time of irradiation was 22 and 25 years. Diseases developed 3 and 15 years after the undergone ARS and were characterized by a long period of inactive phase (10 and 7 years), which resulted in a blast crisis. OMML in the patient, who suffered during the Chernobyl accident and since 1990 was observed in the URCRM, developed 11.8 years after irradiation at a dose of 3.0 Gy. An analysis of available clinical data makes it possible to question the diagnosis of acute leukemia, and to suppose that chronic myelomonocytic leukemia developed in this patient.
Conclusion: The obtained data indicate that chronic leukemia forms are characteristic for radiation leukemia, often with a long preceding cytopenic stage (MDS). An essential factor in the realization of the leukemogenic effect is the uniformity of the whole body exposure undoubtedly. In addition, it can’t be ruled out that the carriage of hepatitis B and C viruses also played a role in the formation of MDS.
Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Various Forms of Amiodarone-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity
Authors: Яковлева Н. , Yakovleva N. , Амосов В. , Amosov V. , Сперанская А. , Speranskaia A. , Золотницкая В. , Zolotnitskaia V , Ратников В. , Ratnikov V. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To determine computed tomography subtypes of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity (AIPT).
Material and methods: We included 214 CT exams of 110 patients with history of amiodarone use. AIPT was confirmed in 90 cases. In 81 % of patients we repeat CT exam 2–5 times, observation period till 1 month to 10 years. The mean age of patients was 71 years (21 females, 69 – males). In 52 % of patients lung scintigraphy was done. We included functional lung test, spirometry, heart ultrasound in diagnostic plan.
Results: Only in 3 % of cases we detected acute form of AIPT. In 68 % of patients subacute form was revealed, in that cases we indentified different patterns of lung defeat, which mimic oncology disease, different types of interstitial pneumonias, small vessel pulmonary embolism. In other cases chronic form AIPT was suspected. Unilateral changes and craniocaudal gradient were not pathognomic for AIPT. We did not identify consolidation zones and nodules. Honeycombing was not a typical feature of chronic form of AIPT. Appearance of ground-glass opacity pattern was feature of lung toxicity exaxerbation.
Conclusion: AIPT diagnose of exclusion because of it’s multiple radiological subtypes. There are no specific histological or cytological markers of the disease. Only CT could identify signs of active process and differentiate different subtypes of AIPT.
Radiation Exposure of Medical Personnel Accompanying the Patient during the Procedure of Superficial X-Ray Therapy of Children
Authors: Смолин С. , Smolin S. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: Assessment the radiation situation in the treatment room of superficial x-ray therapy during the irradiation process in order to inform about radiation exposure of medical personnel or a relatives.
Material and methods: In the course of the study, a procedure of superficial radiotherapy was simulated using a tissue equivalent phantom with sizes 250×250×150 mm. The radiation control protocol of measurements on the Roentgen TA-02 apparatus was compiled on the basis of SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03. With the help of a clinical dosimeter DKS-AT1123, the ambient dose-rate of short-term x-rays was measured. In accordance with the requirements for conducting radiation monitoring, measurements were taken directly near the apparatus in areas 60×60 cm at points located at heights corresponding to the head level (160 ± 20 cm), chest level (120 ± 20 cm), gonad level (80 ± 20 cm) and the level of the legs (30 ± 20 cm). On the basis of the obtained data, the value of the effective dose-rate of x-ray radiation for the whole human body was calculated for each area. Taking into account the characteristics of the irradiation regime used in the clinic, the total effective dose received by the medical personnel accompanying the patient for the entire course of radiotherapy was calculated.
Results: A drawn up diagram is illustrating the radiation situation in the treatment room of superficial radiotherapy. Based on the results of calculations, it can be concluded that the radiation exposure on the accompanying person during superficial x-ray therapy of children’s hemangiomas does not exceed the maximum permissible dose specified in paragraph 5.4.4 of SanPiN 2.6.1.2523-09.
Conclusion: In exceptional cases, a parent or medical personnel may be in the treatment room to support the patient.
Results of the 66-th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of the Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) (Vienna, 10–14 June, 2019)
Authors: Уйба В. , Uyba V. , Аклеев А. , Akleev A. , Азизова Т. , Azizova T. , Иванов В. , Ivanov V. , Карпикова Л. , Karpikova L. , Киселев С. , Kiselev S. , Михеенко С. , Miheyenko S. , Романов С. , Romanov S. , Тахауов Р. , Takhauova T. , Усольцев В. , Usol'cev V. , Шинкарев С. , Shinkarev S. 
Published: October 2019

The current paper is devoted to the outcomes of the 66-th UNSCEAR Session which took place in Vienna during 10–14 June 2018. Within the framework of the meetings of the Working Group and subgroups the documents on the following projects were discussed:
R.733. Evaluation of selected health effects and inference of risk due to radiation exposure.
R.734. Evaluation of medical exposures to ionizing radiation.
R.735. Evaluation of occupational exposures to ionizing radiation.
R.736. Lung cancer from exposure to radon.
R.737. Biological mechanisms relevant for the inference of cancer risks from low-dose radiation.
R.738. Levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station: implications of information published since the 2013 UNSCEAR report.
R.739. Second primary cancer after radiotherapy.
R.740. Epidemiological studies of radiation and cancer.
The Committee also discussed: the future research program; report to the UN General Assembly; implementation of a strategy plan to improve collection, analysis and dissemination of data on radiation exposure; public outreach activity including the strategy for the period 2020–2024.
Structural organization of sacred landscapes
Authors: Mishchenko O. 
Published: October 2019

The article presents the results of scientific developments concerning the structural organization of sacred landscapes. The methodological basis of the study is the concept of constructive-geographic analysis, which is based on the approaches of the natural and the humanitarian sciences. The system approach to the study of sacred landscapes as a holistic organized territorial structure and a set of methods is used in this work, in particular: structural and logical generalization and system analysis, comparative and geographical, historical and geographical. The author considers the significance of the notion of sacral landscape as being broader than religion per se, and considers it a natural, natural-anthropogenic and anthropogenic system associated with certain symbols of life, myths, significant events, and , indeed ,religious feelings that are of great importance to a person or group of people and requires special respect and protection. The structural organization of all sacred landscapes is characterized by their properties and spatial structure and is closely connected with their social and functional purpose. As a result, such territorial systems can be divided into: confessional, taphal, active, abnormal. The sacred landscape is characterized by polystructurality, that is, the presence of spatial, temporal and morphological structure. In the spatial structure of the sacral landscape, the following components can be distinguished: the sacred object, anthropogenic and technogenic component, the landscape structure and a person with his/ her spiritual experience. In addition, such a structure has a hierarchical construction, where individual, local, regional, national and global levels can be distinguished. This article presents the peculiarities of the temporal structure of sacral landscapes and outlines the external, internal, and the functioning time. Particular attention is paid to the characteristic of internal time, where one can distinguish the following phases of development: the formation of a natural, natural-anthropogenic or anthropogenic landscape; the creation of a spiritual component; loss of sacred human perception of a natural, natural-anthropogenic or anthropogenic landscape; the disappearance of the natural or natural- anthropogenic landscape. Taking into account the morphological structure of the sacred landscape, it is substantiated that religious objects serving as markers of sacred landscapes cannot correspond to one or another morphological unit of the landscape, that is, completely repeat its outlines and boundaries. However, there is a correlation between the type of landscape and the features of the sacred objects that were formed there.
Assessment of environmental risks from atmospheric air pollution in industrially developed regions of Ukraine
Authors: Nekos A. N. , Medvedeva Yu. V. , Cherkashyna N. I. 
Published: October 2019

Currently, atmospheric pollution is one of the main causes of premature mortality in the world. The problem is especially relevant for economically underdeveloped countries, in particular Ukraine, the economy of which has been developing for a long time in an extensive way. The complicated socio-ecological situation in the territory of the country is due, first of all, to insufficient financing of the medical industry and environmental protection, outdated technologies in industries, etc. The purpose of the study is to assess the environmental risks of atmospheric air pollution in industrialized regions of Ukraine. Kharkiv and Dnipro regions, which are part of the Donetsk-Prydnistrovsky economic macro-district, a powerful center of metallurgy and machine-building of the national level, were selected for the study. As part of the study, the ambient air condition was assessed from the point of view of sanitary-hygienic norms in compliance with state environmental standards as well as the risks of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects from atmospheric pollution.Regional monitoring data on average annual concentrations of common pollutants and heavy metals in the atmospheric air of the cities of Kharkiv and Dnipro regions were used in calculations, averaged over the period from 2014 to 2016. The results of calculations have shown that the total non-carcinogenic risk from atmospheric air pollution in all studied cities exceeds the permissible level: Dnipro – 19.8 HQ; Kamianske– 23.3 HQ; Kryviy Rig – 19.3 HQ; Kharkiv – 11.9 HQ. The pollutants: PM2.5, copper, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, manganese and phenol mostly contribute to the greatest non-carcinogenic risk. The dominance of these chemicals and elements in the structure of pollution in the studied cities leads to high probability of development of harmful effects in the respiratory organs – 11.1 to 22.3 HQ; cardiovascular system – 2.9 to 12.3 HQ; immune system – 1.7 to 4.7 HQ; eyes – 0.8 to 4 HQ; central nervous system – 1,4 to 4,6 HQ. The risk of carcinogenic effects is calculated for substances with proven carcinogenic effects: formaldehyde, nickel, cadmium, lead and chromium. The obtained carcinogenic risk from atmospheric air pollution within the studied cities falls into two categories: conventionally acceptable level of risk and acceptable level of risk. The greatest carcinogenic danger is from pollution of atmospheric air by chromium. Contribution of chromium to total carcinogenic risk ranges from 53.6 to 90.6%. Taking into account the obtained results, it is expedient to include the assessment of the risks to the population’s health in the system of monitoring and control of the environment in Ukraine.
Structural evidence of in-sequence and out-of-sequence thrusting in the Karwendel mountains and the tectonic subdivision of the western Northern Calcareous Alps
Authors: Kilian Sinah , Ortner Hugo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present the results of a field study in the Karwendel mountains in the western Northern Calcareous Alps, where we analysed the boundary between two major thrust sheets in detail in a key outcrop where nappe tectonics had been recognized already at the beginning of the 20th century. We use the macroscopic structural record of thrust sheet transport in the footwall and hanging wall of this boundary, such as folds, foliation and faults. In the footwall, competent stratigraphic units tend to preserve a full record of deformation while incompetent units get pervasively overprinted and only document the youngest deformation.
Transport across the thrust persisted throughout the deformation history of the Northern Calcareous Alps from the late Early Cretaceous to the Miocene. As a consequence of transtensive, S-block down strike-slip tectonics, postdating folding of the major thrust, new out-of-sequence thrusts formed that climbed across the step, and ultimately placed units belonging to the footwall of the initial thrust onto its hanging wall.
One of these out-of-sequence thrusts had been used to delimit the uppermost large thrust sheet (Inntal thrust sheet) of the western Northern Calcareous against the next, tectonically deeper, (Lechtal) thrust sheet. Based on the structural geometry of the folded thrust and the age of the youngest sediments below the thrust, we redefine the thrust sheets, and name the combined former Inntal- and part of the Lechtal thrust sheet as the new Karwendel thrust sheet and the former Allgäu- and part of the Lechtal thrust sheet as the new Tannheim thrust sheet.
TÜRKİYE’DE BÖLGELERARASI GELİR DAĞILIMI YAKINSAMASI: MEKANSAL EKONOMETRİK ANALİZ
Authors: ÇAPAR Uğur , YAYLA Nihal 
Published: October 2019

Bir
ülkenin farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan fertlerin gelirden ne oranda pay
aldıklarını gösteren bölgesel gelir dağılımı, bölgelerarası gelişmişlik
farklılıklarını da yansıtan önemli ölçütlerden biridir. Bölgelerarası
farklılıkların zaman içinde ortadan kalkması bölgelerin birbirine yakınsadığı
anlamına gelmektedir. Yakınsama gelişmemiş bölgelerin gelişmiş olanları
yakalaması şeklinde ise ülkedeki gelişme sürecine de işaret edecektir. Ancak
yakınsama, gelişmiş bölgelerin gerilemesi sonucu ortaya çıkıyor ise bu durumda
tersi sözkonusudur. Bölgelerin gelişmişlik düzeylerinin komşuluk ilişkileriyle
de açıklanabileceği literatürde sıkça vurgulanan konulardan biridir. Bu nedenle
yakınsama analizlerinde komşuluk etkilerinin de dikkate alınması ayrı bir önem
taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de düzey 2 bölgelerinin gelir dağılımı
yakınsaması 2003-2014, 2003-2015 ve 2003-2016 dönemleri için yatay kesit
veriler kullanılarak analiz edilmektedir. Mekânsal etkilerin de dahil edildiği
analiz kapsamında 2003-2014 döneminde hem beta yakınsamasının hem de mekansal
bağımlılığın varlığı tespit edilmiştir. 2003-2015 ve 2003-2016 dönemlerinde ise beta yakınsaması
gerçekleşmekle birlikte mekansallık etkisine rastlanmamıştır. Araştırma dönemi
itibariyle bulgular, Türkiye’de Düzey 2 bölgelerinin giderek bozulan ulusal
gelir dağılımı düzeyinde birbirine yakınsadığını ortaya koymaktadır.