bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of insect pathogen risks for the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and guidelines for reliable production
Authors: Joosten Lotte , Lecocq Antoine , Jensen Annette Bruun , Haenen Olga , Schmitt Eric , Eilenberg Jørgen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBlack soldier fly [BSF; Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)] larvae are very effective in transforming low‐grade food waste into valuable high‐end proteins and fat, in intensive production facilities. The production output of this species is growing quickly, but upscaling brings risks to the health status of the reared insects. Until now, not a single major case of disease outbreak caused by a pathogen in a BSF production unit has been reported. This contrasts with data on other species of mass‐produced insects, which have experienced various disease outbreaks, indicating that BSFs are comparatively resistant to insect diseases. Further, there are no records of natural infections caused by entomopathogens in BSF. In this review, the known entomopathogens of Diptera, especially BSF, and their potential risks for causing disease in these insects are summarized.
Association between body mass index and stroke severity in acute ischaemic stroke with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Cho B‐H. , Cheon K. , Lee K‐Y. , Jung Y. H. , Han S.W. , Park J. H. , Choi H‐Y. , Cho H‐J. , Park H. J. , Nam H. S. , Heo J. H. , Lee H. S. , Kim S. , Kim Y. D. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeThe objective of this study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and both initial stroke severity at presentation and functional outcomes after acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).MethodsPatients were categorized on the basis of their BMI into underweight (BMI <18.5, n = 111), normal (18.5 ≤ BMI <25, n = 1036) and overweight to obese (BMI ≥25, n = 472) groups. Initial stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale score at discharge. The differences in stroke severity and functional outcomes were compared between groups using robust log‐linear regression with a Poisson distribution and binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 1619 AIS patients with NVAF from six hospitals were included. Compared with the NIHSS scores [median 5, interquartile range (IQR) 2–14] of normal‐weight patients, the NIHSS scores (median 9, IQR 4–19) of underweight patients were more likely to be higher, whereas those of overweight to obese patients were lower (median 4, IQR 1–12) (P < 0.001). In terms of functional outcomes after stroke, underweight patients had a higher risk of poor functional outcomes (odds ratio 1.78, 95% confidence interval 1.09–2.56, P = 0.01) but overweight to obese patients had no significant difference in functional outcomes compared with normal‐weight patients.ConclusionAn inverse association was found between BMI and stroke severity in AIS patients with NVAF. This suggests the presence of an obesity paradox for short‐term outcomes in patients with NVAF.
Category learning in rodents using touchscreen‐based tasks
Authors: Broschard Matthew B. , Kim Jangjin , Love Bradley C. , Freeman John H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCategorization is a fundamental cognitive function that organizes our experiences into meaningful “chunks.” This category knowledge can then be generalized to novel stimuli and situations. Multiple clinical populations, including people with Parkinson's disease, amnesia, autism, ADHD and schizophrenia, have impairments in the acquisition and use of categories. Although rodent research is well suited for examining the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive functions, many rodent cognitive tasks have limited translational value. To bridge this gap, we use touchscreens to permit greater flexibility in stimulus presentation and task design, track key dependent measures, and minimize experimenter involvement. Touchscreens offer a valuable tool for creating rodent cognitive tasks that are directly comparable to tasks used with humans. Touchscreen tasks are also readily used with cutting‐edge neuroscientific methods that are difficult to do in humans such as optogenetics, chemogenetics, neurophysiology and calcium imaging (using miniscopes). In this review, we show advantages of touchscreen‐based tasks for studying category learning in rats. We also address multiple factors for consideration when designing category learning tasks, including the limitations of the rodent visual system, experimental design, and analysis strategies.
Competition and service quality: Evidence from Swedish residential care homes
Authors: Broms Rasmus , Dahlström Carl , Nistotskaya Marina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAgainst a backdrop of increased levels of marketization of welfare services in OECD countries, this article aims to shed light on the separate effects of private ownership and competition for the market on service quality. Using residential elder care homes in Sweden as our case, we leverage unique panel data of ownership and competition against a set of indicators, pertaining to the structure, process, and outcome dimensions of care quality. The main finding of our analyses is that competition for the market does surprisingly little for quality: private entrepreneurs perform neither better nor worse under stiff competition and the quality of care is approximately the same in those nursing homes that are exposed to the market as in those that are not.
The effects of stage of maturity and lactic acid bacteria inoculants on the ensiling characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of whole‐crop oat silages
Authors: Jia Tingting , Wang Bing , Yu Zhu , Wu Zhe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of three isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants on the ensiling characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of low dry matter whole‐crop oat silages (WCOS). The oats were harvested at two stages of maturity, boot and filling stages, and then inoculated with 1 × 106 cfu/g fresh material of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR) and Lactobacillus buchneri (LB). After 45 days of ensiling, the three LAB inoculants increased lactic acid (LA) concentrations (p < .05) and decreased ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) content (p < .05) for both of the two stages of WCOS; the LP‐ and LR‐treated silages exhibited lower pH values and higher Flieg's points than the control and LB‐treated silages (p < .05); LB‐treated silages resulted in higher acetic acid contents than in the other treated silages (p < .05). After exposure to air for 7 days, the control and LB treatments had higher aerobic stability than the LP and LR treatments (p < .05). The Flieg's points and aerobic stability at the filling stage were greater than that at the boot stage. With no LAB inoculants, the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) at the boot stage was higher than that at the filling stage. At the filling stage, LB‐ and LR‐treated silages had higher IVDMD than the control and LP‐treated silages (p < .05). It was concluded that the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of oats harvested at the filling stage was higher than that at the boot stage. LP and LR inoculants improved the fermentation quality but reduced the aerobic stability of WCOS. The IVDMD of WCOS at the filling stage was improved by adding LB and LR inoculants.
Assessment of NMR Logging for Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity in Glacial Aquifers
Authors: Kendrick Alexander K. , Knight Rosemary , Johnson Carole D. , Liu Gaisheng , Knobbe Steven , Hunt Randall J. , Butler James J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlacial aquifers are an important source of groundwater in the United States and require accurate characterization to make informed management decisions. One parameter that is crucial for understanding the movement of groundwater is hydraulic conductivity, K. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging measures the NMR response associated with the water in geological materials. By utilizing an external magnetic field to manipulate the nuclear spins associated with 1H, the time‐varying decay of the nuclear magnetization is measured. This logging method could provide an effective way to estimate K at submeter vertical resolution, but the models that relate NMR measurements to K require calibration. At two field sites in a glacial aquifer in central Wisconsin, we collected a total of four NMR logs and obtained measurements of K in their immediate vicinity with a direct‐push permeameter (DPP). Using a bootstrap algorithm to calibrate the Schlumberger‐Doll Research (SDR) NMR‐K model, we estimated K to within a factor of 5 of the DPP measurements. The lowest levels of accuracy occurred in the lower‐K (K < 10−4 m/s) intervals. We also evaluated the applicability of prior SDR model calibrations. We found the NMR calibration parameters varied with K, suggesting the SDR model does not incorporate all the properties of the pore space that control K. Thus, the expected range of K in an aquifer may need to be considered during calibration of NMR‐K models. This study is the first step toward establishing NMR logging as an effective method for estimating K in glacial aquifers.
Ventricular ejection fraction over time in patients on intensive home hemodialysis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Girsberger Michael , Trinh Emilie , Chan Christopher T. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionIntensive hemodialysis has been demonstrated to have several beneficial cardiovascular effects. There is a paucity of studies examining the effect of intensive home hemodialysis (IHHD) on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study at the Toronto General Hospital including all IHHD patients between 1999 and 2017 with baseline and follow‐up echocardiograms for at least a year. Patients were categorized according to LVEF at follow‐up: patients with normal and patients with abnormal LVEF and/or a decline in LVEF. Normal LVEF was defined as ≥55% and a decline as ≥5% at follow‐up compared to baseline Cox regression analyses were performed to ascertain the association between reduced LVEF and reaching the composite endpoint of death, cardiovascular hospitalization, and technique failure, respectively. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to investigate possible risk factors for changes in LVEF.FindingsA total of 154 patients were included in the study. At baseline, 18.8% (29/154) of patients had reduced LVEF. After a mean follow‐up of 3.9 years, overall mean LVEF did not change (59.3% [at follow‐up] vs. 59.9% [baseline], P = 0.45). Seventeen out of the 130 patients with normal LVEF (13.1%) and nine out of the 24 with abnormal LVEF (37.9%) reached the composite endpoint of death, cardiovascular hospitalization, or technique failure. Reduced LVEF at baseline odds ratio ((OR) 13.26 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.62–38.05]) as well as coronary heart disease (OR 7.82 [95% CI 1.92–31.82]) were associated with reduced ejection fraction at follow‐up. When adjusted for age and diabetes, patients with abnormal LVEF were more likely to reach the composite endpoint hazard ratio ((HR) 3.85, 95% CI 1.70–8.71). We did not identify a risk factor associated with progression or worsening of LVEF.DiscussionPreserved LVEF occurs in most patients on IHHD and is associated with better clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanism affecting left ventricular function in patients undergoing intensive hemodialysis.
A comparison study: Periodontal practice approach of dentists and dental hygienists
Authors: Patel Tulsi , Vayon Deborah , Ayilavarapu Srinivas , Zhu Liang , Jensen Sarah , Lee Chun‐Teh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate periodontal practice methods of dentists and dental hygienists to compare their knowledge and treatment approach in managing periodontal disease.MethodsAn electronic survey was designed to assess and capture three aspects of data: (a) knowledge of periodontics; (b) practice approaches in non‐surgical periodontal therapy; and (c) factors affecting clinical care. The survey was distributed to dentists and dental hygienists who graduated from the same dental school within 5 years (2012‐2016). Results were analysed by chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression model.ResultsOut of total 117 participants, 111 of them reported their profession (n = 77 in the dental programme, n = 34 in the dental hygiene programme). The results showed no statistical difference in basic periodontal knowledge between dentists and dental hygienists (P = .12). Only 13% of the surveyed population identified appropriate recall intervals for periodontal maintenance and more dental hygienists reported periodontal re‐evaluations being performed within their offices compared with dentists (91% vs 70%, P = .02). Almost half of the participants who reportedly performed periodontal re‐evaluations (46%) charged for the re‐evaluation procedure, despite it not being covered by dental insurance. More hygienists reported being familiar with and performing adjunct therapy compared to dentists in the study (P < .01).ConclusionIn general, dentists and hygienists in the study were found to have similar periodontal knowledge and practice approaches. However, differences in performing periodontal re‐evaluation and adjunct therapy were significant. Further studies are needed to investigate clinical barriers that impact evidence‐based periodontal care.
Partitioning of rare earths in multiphase nuclear waste glass‐ceramics
Authors: Chen Hua , Marcial José , Ahmadzadeh Mostafa , Patil Deepak , McCloy John 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlumino‐borosilicate glass‐ceramics (GCs) containing alkali (Na), alkaline earth (Ca), rare earth (RE) (one of La … Lu, Y), and transition metals (Zr and Mo) were formulated to test the effects of composition and RE cation size on the crystallization of simulated nuclear waste GCs. Eight‐oxide glasses were formulated in the peraluminous ([Na2Oexcess]=[Na2O]‐[Al2O3]‐[ZrO2]<0) region with 10 mol.% RE2O3 and 15 mol.% B2O3. Glasses were melted and quenched, reheated, and slow‐cooled to promote crystallization, and then characterized using quantitative X‐ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis. Transition metal phases [powellite (Ca,Na,RE)MoO4 and zirconia (Zr,RE)O2 or zircon (Zr,RE)SiO4] always formed, while borosilicate (RE3BSi2O10) or silicate [oxyapatite (RE,Ca,Na)10Si6O26 or keiviite (RE2Si2O7)] plus borate (REBO3) phases also formed, depending on the size of the RE cation and hence its preferred coordination number. All crystalline phases were found to contain RE elements, and often phases incorporated other cations (Zr, Ca, B) which were not nominally part of their pure stoichiometry. These results suggested that the glass formulation and RE size strongly influenced the RE environment in the glass and hence the crystal phases formed. The formation of RE borosilicate, versus separate RE borate and RE silicate phases, also suggested original differences in the glass structure.
Willingness to fake: Examining the impact of competitive climate and hiring situations
Authors: Ho Jordan L. , Powell Deborah M. , Spence Jeffrey R. , Perossa Andrew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractApplicants may be willing to fake in job interviews with the aim of creating a positive impression. In two vignette‐based experiments, we examined if a competitive—versus noncompetitive—climate (Study 1) and hiring situation (Study 2) increased participants' willingness to fake. We also examined if Honesty–Humility and Competitive Worldviews moderated the relation between willingness to fake and how competitive participants believed they must be in order to secure the job. Results demonstrated that a competitive climate and hiring situation increased willingness to fake. Honesty–Humility and Competitive Worldviews were related to willingness to fake, but these relations did not change substantially at different levels of perceived need for competitiveness. Overall, results lend some theoretical support to propositions about applicant faking.
Is mental illness associated with placement into solitary confinement in correctional settings? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dellazizzo Laura , Luigi Mimosa , Giguère Charles‐Édouard , Goulet Marie‐Hélène , Dumais Alexandre 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this meta‐analysis was to examine the association between any mental health problem and the risk of being placed into solitary confinement in correctional settings. PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched from each database’s inception date to November 2019. All publications assessing both mental health problems and placement into solitary confinement in a sample of adult inmates in correctional settings were included. The meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects models. Heterogeneity among study point estimates was assessed with Q statistics and quantified with I2 index. Publication bias was assessed with funnel plots. Guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) were followed throughout. After screening 2777 potential studies, 11 studies were included amounting to a total of 163 414 inmates. Included studies comprised of a mix of mental disorders rather than a specific diagnosis per se. The odds ratio (OR) from the pooled studies was 1.62 (confidence interval (CI) = 1.21–2.15). The observed relationship remained unchanged regardless of the removal of outliers (OR = 1.63, CI = 1.47–1.80) and regardless of the adjustment of confounders (OR = 1.58, CI = 1.32–1.88). The present study shows a moderate association between any mental health problem and placement into solitary confinement within a considerable sample of inmates. As more individuals suffering from mental illness enter the correctional system, it is essential that correction officials create new safe interventions to manage these inmates and offer them proper mental health care to limit the use of solitary confinement, which may have deleterious effects.
No Blame No Gain? From a No Blame Culture to a Responsibility Culture in Medicine
Authors: Parker Joshua , Davies Ben 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHealthcare systems need to consider not only how to prevent error, but how to respond to errors when they occur. In the United Kingdom’s National Health Service, one strand of this latter response is the ‘No Blame Culture’, which draws attention from individuals and towards systems in the process of understanding an error. Defences of the No Blame Culture typically fail to distinguish between blaming someone and holding them responsible. This article argues for a ‘responsibility culture’, where healthcare professionals are held responsible in cases of foreseeable and avoidable errors. We demonstrate how healthcare professionals can justifiably be held responsible for their errors even though they work in challenging circumstances. We then review the idea of ‘responsibility without blame’, applying this to cases of error in healthcare. Sensitive to the undesirable effects of blaming healthcare professionals and to the moral significance of holding individuals accountable, we argue that a responsibility culture has significant advantages over a No Blame Culture due to its capacity to enhance patient safety and support medical professionals in learning from their mistakes, while also recognising and validating the legitimate sense of responsibility that many medical professionals feel following avoidable error, and motivating medical professionals to report errors.
Cross‐firm return predictability and accounting quality
Authors: Chen Wen , Khan Mozaffar , Kogan Leonid , Serafeim George 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe test the hypothesis that if poor accounting quality (AQ) is associated with poor investor understanding of firms’ revenue and cost structures, then poor AQ stocks likely respond more slowly than good AQ stocks to new non‐idiosyncratic information that affects both sets of firms. Consistent with this, results indicate that stock returns of good AQ firms significantly positively predict one‐month‐ahead stock returns to industry‐ and size‐matched poor AQ firms. In testing a delayed‐information‐processing mechanism behind the cross‐firm return predictability, we find that: (i) analyst earnings forecast revisions (FR) mimic the return patterns, as FR of good AQ firms significantly positively predict one‐month‐ahead FR of matched poor AQ firms; (ii) cross‐firm return predictability is concentrated in months with substantial news arrival, including months with Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) rate announcements, but not in no‐news months; (iii) cross‐firm return predictability is stronger when the good AQ predictor firms have a richer information environment than poor AQ firms as proxied by analyst following, institutional ownership, and the presence of a Big 4 auditor. Collectively, the results uncover a new relation between accounting quality and stock return dynamics.
Bmp2 regulates Serpinb6b expression via cAMP/PKA/Wnt4 pathway during uterine decidualization
Authors: Yu Hai‐Fan , Zheng Lian‐Wen , Yang Zhan‐Qing , Wang Yu‐Si , Huang Ji‐Cheng , Liu Shu , Yue Zhan‐Peng , Guo Bin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSerpinb6b is a novel member of Serpinb family and found in germ and somatic cells of mouse gonads, but its physiological function in uterine decidualization remains unclear. The present study revealed that abundant Serpinb6b was noted in decidual cells, and advanced the proliferation and differentiation of stromal cells, indicating a creative role of Serpinb6b in uterine decidualization. Further analysis found that Serpinb6b modulated the expression of Mmp2 and Mmp9. Meanwhile, Serpinb6b was identified as a target of Bmp2 regulation in stromal differentiation. Treatment with rBmp2 resulted in an accumulation of intracellular cAMP level whose function in this differentiation program was mediated by Serpinb6b. Addition of PKA inhibitor H89 impeded the Bmp2 induction of Serpinb6b, whereas 8‐Br‐cAMP rescued the defect of Serpinb6b expression elicited by Bmp2 knock‐down. Attenuation of Serpinb6b greatly reduced the induction of constitutive Wnt4 activation on stromal cell differentiation. By contrast, overexpression of Serpinb6b prevented this inhibition of differentiation process by Wnt4 siRNA. Moreover, blockage of Wnt4 abrogated the up‐regulation of cAMP on Serpinb6b. Collectively, Serpinb6b mediates uterine decidualization via Mmp2/9 in response to Bmp2/cAMP/PKA/Wnt4 pathway.
Diversity in CRISPR‐based immunity protects susceptible genotypes by restricting phage spread and evolution
Authors: Common Jack , Walker‐Sünderhauf David , van Houte Stineke , Westra Edze R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDiversity in host resistance often associates with reduced pathogen spread. This may result from ecological and evolutionary processes, likely with feedback between them. Theory and experiments on bacteria–phage interactions have shown that genetic diversity of the bacterial adaptive immune system can limit phage evolution to overcome resistance. Using the CRISPR–Cas bacterial immune system and lytic phage, we engineered a host–pathogen system where each bacterial host genotype could be infected by only one phage genotype. With this model system, we explored how CRISPR diversity impacts the spread of phage when they can overcome a resistance allele, how immune diversity affects the evolution of the phage to increase its host range and if there was feedback between these processes. We show that increasing CRISPR diversity benefits susceptible bacteria via a dilution effect, which limits the spread of the phage. We suggest that this ecological effect impacts the evolution of novel phage genotypes, which then feeds back into phage population dynamics.