bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concurrent versus sequential use of trastuzumab and chemotherapy in early HER2+ breast cancer
Authors: Dackus Gwen M. H. E. , Jóźwiak Katarzyna , van der Wall Elsken , van Diest Paul J. , Hauptmann Michael , Siesling Sabine , Sonke Gabe S. , Linn Sabine C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The addition of trastuzumab to adjuvant chemotherapy has improved the outcome of human epidermal growth-factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. Uncertainty remains about the optimal timing of trastuzumab treatment. Therefore, we compared long-term outcome after concurrent versus sequential treatment, in a population-based setting, using data from the nationwide Netherlands Cancer Registry.

Methods
We identified 1843 women diagnosed in The Netherlands from January 1st 2005 until January 1st 2008 with primary, HER2-positive, T1-4NanyM0 breast cancer who received adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates and Cox regression were used to compare recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) between women who received trastuzumab concurrently with versus sequentially after chemotherapy. Hazard ratios (HR) were adjusted for age, year of diagnosis, grade, pathological T-stage, number of positive lymph nodes, ER-status, PR-status, socio-economic status, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, ovarian ablation, and type of chemotherapy.

Results
After a median follow-up of 8.2 years, RFS events had occurred in 224 out of 1235 (18.1%) concurrently treated women and 129 out of 608 (21.2%) sequentially treated women (adjusted-HR 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67–1.24; P = 0.580). Deaths occurred in 182/1235 (14.7%) concurrently treated women and 104/608 (17.1%) sequentially treated women (adjusted-HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.65–1.29; P = 0.635).

Conclusions
The results of this population-based study are consistent with earlier randomized trials, demonstrating a non-significant difference in outcome for concurrently treated women compared to those who were treated sequentially, suggesting both options are justified.
Social integration matters: factors influencing natural hazard risk preparedness—a survey of Swiss households
Authors: Maidl Elisabeth , Bresch David N. , Buchecker Matthias 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBuilding a culture of risk is an essential objective within the integrated risk management paradigm. Challenges arise both due to increasing damage from natural hazards and the complexity in interaction of different actors in risk management. In Switzerland, the Strategy for Natural Hazards Switzerland, aims to establish efficient protection of the population, natural resources and material goods. This requires that all responsible actors are recognized and aware of their role in risk management. However, previous studies indicate that risk awareness and preparedness levels are rather low within the general population. For the first time, our nationwide survey provides empirical data on factors that influence individual risk preparedness in the general population. Multivariate analysis shows that taking responsibility for natural hazard risk prevention is not only related to personal experience and perceived probability of hazard events, but also crucially influenced by social forms of communication and integration. Therefore, we conclude that social capacity building needs to include such factors in order to render integrated risk management strategies successful.
Mutual interference of layer plane and natural fracture in the failure behavior of shale and the mechanism investigation
Authors: Zhao Peng , Xie Ling-Zhi , Fan Zhi-Chao , Deng Lei , Liu Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractShale contains a certain amount of natural fractures, which affects the mechanical properties of shale. In this paper, a bonded-particle model in particle flow code (PFC) is established to simulate the failure process of layered shale under Brazilian tests, under the complex relationship between layer plane and natural fracture. First, a shale model without natural fractures is verified against the experimental results. Then, a natural fracture is embedded in the shale model, where the outcomes indicate that the layer plane angle (marked as α) and the angle (marked as β) of embedded fracture prominently interfere the failure strength anisotropy and fracture pattern. Finally, sensitivity evaluations suggest that variable tensile/cohesion strength has a changeable influence on failure mechanism of shale, even for same α or/and β. To serve this work, the stimulated fractures are categorized into two patterns based on whether they relate to natural fracture or not. Meanwhile, four damage modes and the number of microcracks during the loading process are recognized quantitatively to study the mechanism of shale failure behavior. Considering the failure mechanism determines the outcome of hydraulic fracturing in shale, this work is supposed to provide a significant implication in theory for the engineering operation.
Law and the Rule of God
Authors: Ralston Joshua 
Published: October 2020

Sharī'a is one of the most hotly contested and misunderstood concepts and practices in the world today. Debates about Islamic law and its relationship to secularism and Christianity have dominated political and theological discourse for centuries. Unfortunately, Western Christian theologians have failed to engage sufficiently with the challenges and questions raised by Islamic political theology, preferring instead to essentialize or dismiss it. In Law and the Rule of God, Joshua Ralston presents an innovative approach to Christian-Muslim dialogue. Eschewing both polemics and apologetics, he proposes a comparative framework for Christian engagement with Islamic debates on sharī'a. Ralston draws on a diverse range of thinkers from both traditions including Karl Barth, Ibn Taymiyya, Thomas Aquinas, and Mohammad al-Jabri. He offers an account of public law as a provisional and indirect witness to the divine rule of justice. He also demonstrates how this theology of public law deeply resonates with the Christian tradition and is also open to learning from and dialoguing with Islamic and secular conceptions of law, sovereignty, and justice.
CLASS NUMBERS OF CM ALGEBRAIC TORI, CM ABELIAN VARIETIES AND COMPONENTS OF UNITARY SHIMURA VARIETIES
Authors: GUO JIA-WEI , SHEU NAI-HENG , YU CHIA-FU 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe give a formula for the class number of an arbitrary complex mutliplication (CM) algebraic torus over
$\mathbb {Q}$
. This is proved based on results of Ono and Shyr. As applications, we give formulas for numbers of polarized CM abelian varieties, of connected components of unitary Shimura varieties and of certain polarized abelian varieties over finite fields. We also give a second proof of our main result.
INITIAL PROFICIENCY AND L2 GRAMMAR DEVELOPMENT DURING SHORT-TERM IMMERSION ABROAD
Authors: Zalbidea Janire , Issa Bernard I. , Faretta-Stutenberg Mandy , Sanz Cristina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe first goal of this study was to examine how individual differences in initial L2 proficiency help explain L2 grammar development in oral production during short-term immersion abroad. The second goal of the study was methodological, and evaluated challenges that can result from operationalizing learners’ initial L2 proficiency as pretest performance on outcome measures (as opposed to independent proficiency measures) in analyses of L2 change. L2 Spanish learners participating in summer study abroad completed an elicited imitation task and two oral production tasks. Production data were analyzed for changes in relevant grammatical complexity and accuracy dimensions. Results indicate that learners with higher initial L2 proficiency experience greater L2 grammar advancement from short-term immersion, and that pretest performance can be an unreliable operational estimate of initial proficiency when analyzing L2 gains. We discuss findings following cognitive accounts of SLA, and highlight methodological implications for further research in immersion contexts and beyond.
Perspectives on native maize conservation in Mexico: a public programme analysis
Authors: Pelcastre Vladimir , García-Frapolli Eduardo , Ayala-Orozco Bárbara , Lazos-Chavero Elena 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn any conservation programme, a variety of actors participate and interact in its different phases. They commonly have different perspectives and priorities regarding conservation, and diversity in the ensuing perspectives constitutes a barrier to effective conservation. In this paper, we analyse the different perspectives around thePrograma de Conservación de Maíz Criollo(Programme for the Conservation of Native Maize in Mexico; PROMAC) in order to understand the possible causes that resulted in the programme not fulfilling its objectives. We used Q methodology and semi-structured interviews with farmers from a natural protected area to analyse the perspectives of the key actors who conceptualized, designed and implemented the programme and of the target population. Our research identified two different perspectives: (1) native maize can only be conserved with the support of community processes; and (2) the government, and not farmers, is responsible for the conservation of native maize. For farmers, native maize is key to their subsistence livelihoods, and they participated in the programme because of government monetary incentives. These differences contributed to dissimilar interpretations throughout the programme’s implementation phase, which, in turn, likely contributed to PROMAC failing to meet its objectives.
Filling gaps in the seed dispersal effectiveness model forProsopis flexuosa: quality of seed treatment in the digestive tract of native animals
Authors: Campos Claudia M. , Ramos Liliana , Manrique Noelia , Cona Mónica I. , Sartor Carmen , de los Ríos Claudia , Cappa Flavio M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor endozoochorous species, the quality component of seed dispersal effectiveness depends in part on the treatment seeds receive in the animal's gut. Covering a variety of taxa, diet, digestion system and body size ofProsopis flexuosaseed dispersers, we analysed differences among species in (1) mean retention time of ingested seeds, (2) recovery of viable seeds, (3) seed germination in comparison with seeds collected from trees and (4) germination of seeds after two different periods of retention in the gut. Feeding experiments were conducted with captive individuals ofDolichotis patagonum,Lycalopex gymnocercus,Rhea americana,Chelonoidis chilensisandLama guanicoe. On the first day, we provided them with fruits containing controlled amounts of seed, and on the subsequent days, we collected faeces in order to recover seeds. We performed germination and viability tests on seeds coming from faeces and collected from trees. The results showed differences among species in the mean retention time of seeds.Chelonoidis chilensishad the longest mean retention time, but its effect on seed recovery and germination was similar to that of the other species, except forL. guanicoe, which showed the lowest seed recovery. When scarification and promotion of seed germination were considered, herbivorous mammals and tortoises (L. guanicoe,D. patagonumandC. chilensis) were the ones increasing germinability, whereasR. americanaandL. gymnocercusdid not significantly increase final seed germination percentage, which was similar to that for seeds collected from trees.P. flexuosaseeds receive a variety of treatments from endozoochorous dispersers, which might result in an overall fitness benefit for a plant living in unpredictable environments.
Utility of Different Lung Ultrasound Simulation Modalities Used by Paramedics during Varied Ambulance Driving Conditions
Authors: Maloney Lauren M. , Williams Daryl W. , Reardon Lindsay , Marshall R. Trevor , Alian Andrus , Boyle Jess , Secko Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Prehospital use of lung ultrasound (LUS) by paramedics to guide the diagnoses and treatment of patients has expanded over the past several years. However, almost all of this education has occurred in a classroom or hospital setting. No published prehospital use of LUS simulation software within an ambulance currently exists.Study Objective:The objective of this study was to determine if various ambulance driving conditions (stationary, constant acceleration, serpentine, and start-stop) would impact paramedics’ abilities to perform LUS on a standardized patient (SP) using breath-holding to simulate lung pathology, or to perform LUS using ultrasound (US) simulation software. Primary endpoints included the participating paramedics’: (1) time to acquiring a satisfactory simulated LUS image; and (2) accuracy of image recognition and interpretation. Secondary endpoints for the breath-holding portion included: (1) the agreement between image interpretation by paramedic versus blinded expert reviewers; and (2) the quality of captured LUS image as determined by two blinded expert reviewers. Finally, a paramedic LUS training session was evaluated by comparing pre-test to post-test scores on a 25-item assessment requiring the recognition of a clinical interpretation of prerecorded LUS images.Methods:Seventeen paramedics received a 45-minute LUS lecture. They then performed 25 LUS exams on both SPs and using simulation software, in each case looking for lung sliding, A and B lines, and seashore or barcode signs. Pre- and post-training, they completed a 25-question test consisting of still images and videos requiring pathology recognition and formulation of a clinical diagnosis. Sixteen paramedics performed the same exams in an ambulance during different driving conditions (stationary, constant acceleration, serpentines, and abrupt start-stops). Lung pathology was block randomized based on driving condition.Results:Paramedics demonstrated improved post-test scores compared to pre-test scores (P <.001). No significant difference existed across driving conditions for: time needed to obtain a simulated image; clinical interpretation of simulated LUS images; quality of saved images; or agreement of image interpretation between paramedics and blinded emergency physicians (EPs). Image acquisition time while parked was significantly greater than while the ambulance was driving in serpentines (Z = -2.898; P = .008). Technical challenges for both simulation techniques were noted.Conclusion:Paramedics can correctly acquire and interpret simulated LUS images during different ambulance driving conditions. However, simulation techniques better adapted to this unique work environment are needed.
Prenatal hypoxia increases blood pressure in male rat offspring and affects their response to artificial light at night
Authors: Sutovska Hana , Molcan Lubos , Koprdova Romana , Piesova Michaela , Mach Mojmír , Zeman Michal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrenatal hypoxia (PH) has negative consequences on the cardiovascular system in adulthood and can affect the responses to additional insults later in life. We explored the effects of PH imposed during embryonic day 20 (10.5% O2 for 12 h) on circadian rhythms of systolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in mature male rat offspring measured by telemetry. We evaluated: (1) stability of BP and HR changes after PH; (2) circadian variability of BP and HR after 2 and 5 weeks of exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN; 1–2 lx); and (3) response of BP and HR to norepinephrine. PH increased BP in the dark (134 ± 2 mmHg vs. control 127 ± 2 mmHg; p = 0.05) and marginally in the light (125 ± 1 mmHg vs. control 120 ± 2 mmHg) phase of the day but not HR. The effect of PH was highly repeatable between 21- and 27-week-old PH male offspring. Two weeks of ALAN decreased the circadian variability of HR (p < 0.05) and BP more in control than PH rats. After 5 weeks of ALAN, the circadian variability of HR and BP were damped compared to LD and did not differ between control and PH rats (p < 0.05). Responses of BP and HR to norepinephrine did not differ between control and PH rats. Hypoxia at the end of the embryonic period increases BP and affects the functioning of the cardiovascular system in mature male offspring. ALAN in adulthood decreased the circadian variability of cardiovascular parameters, more in control than PH rats.
Dynamics of Lithospheric Overturns and Implications for Venus's Surface
Authors: Uppalapati S. , Rolf T. , Crameri F. , Werner S. C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVenus is currently characterized by stagnant‐lid mantle convection, but could have previously experienced episodes of global resurfacing due to lithospheric overturn. Using numerical models of Venus's interior, we attempt to explain Venus's surface characteristics in the context of interior evolution and to understand how Venus's tectonic history has diverged from Earth's. For both the stagnant‐ and the episodic‐lid regime, we explore the role of reference mantle viscosity; for the latter regime, we also explore the role of the lithospheric yield stress. Our stagnant‐lid models predict thicker crust and younger surface than typically inferred from cratering statistics. When considering resurfacing episodes, the yield stress influences the frequency of overturns, which limits crustal thickness to better agree with previous independent estimates. Surface age is variable and depends on overturn frequency and resurfacing rate between overturns but reaches larger values just before an upcoming overturn event compared to values in the stagnant‐lid cases. Both regimes predict substantial lateral variations in surface age, instead of an end‐member uniform surface age indicating the cessation time of the last overturn, because ongoing volcanic resurfacing is spatially heterogeneous and dominates over tectonic resurfacing. Reviewing the crater‐based surface age variations suggests that the model‐predicted age spreads in the episodic scenario could be consistent with Venus's cratering record. Moreover, we find that a small fraction of crust can resist recycling during overturns. These outcomes indicate that overturn events may allow for surface age variations that reproduce Venus's surface better than stagnant‐lid models.
The Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) Captures the Ecohydrologic Sensitivity of a Semiarid Mixed Conifer Forest
Authors: Yang Julia C. , Magney Troy S. , Yan Dong , Knowles John F. , Smith William K. , Scott Russell L. , Barron‐Gafford Greg A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAt the seasonal time scale, daily photochemical reflectance index (PRI) measurements track changes in photoprotective pigment pools as plants respond to seasonally variable environmental conditions. As such, remotely sensed PRI products present opportunities to study seasonal processes in evergreen conifer forests, where complex vegetation dynamics are difficult to capture due to small annual changes in chlorophyll content or leaf structure. Because PRI is tied explicitly to short‐ and long‐term changes in photoprotective pigments that are responsible for regulating stress, we hypothesize that PRI by extension could serve as a proxy for stomatal response to seasonally changing hydroclimate, assuming plant functional responses to stress covary in space and time. To test this, we characterized PRI in a semiarid, montane mixed conifer forest in the Madrean sky islands of Arizona, USA, during the monsoon growing season subject to precipitation pulse dynamics. To determine the sensitivity of PRI to ecohydrologic variability and associated changes in gross primary productivity (GPP), canopy spectral measurements were coupled with eddy covariance CO2 flux and sap flow measurements. Seasonally, there was a significant relationship between PRI and sap flow velocity (R2 = 0.56), and multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated a PRI response to dynamic water and energy limitations in this system. We conclude that PRI has potential to serve as a proxy for forest functional response to seasonal ecohydrologic forcing. The coordination between photoprotective pigments and seasonal stomatal regulation demonstrated here could aid characterization of vegetation response to future changes in hydroclimate at increasing spatial scales.
ATRIP protects progenitor cells against DNA damage in vivo
Authors: Matos-Rodrigues Gabriel E. , Grigaravicius Paulius , Lopez Bernard S. , Hofmann Thomas G. , Frappart Pierre-Olivier , Martins Rodrigo A. P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe maintenance of genomic stability during the cell cycle of progenitor cells is essential for the faithful transmission of genetic information. Mutations in genes that ensure genome stability lead to human developmental syndromes. Mutations in Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) or in ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP) lead to Seckel syndrome, which is characterized by developmental malformations and short life expectancy. While the roles of ATR in replicative stress response and chromosomal segregation are well established, it is unknown how ATRIP contributes to maintaining genomic stability in progenitor cells in vivo. Here, we generated the first mouse model to investigate ATRIP function. Conditional inactivation of Atrip in progenitor cells of the CNS and eye led to microcephaly, microphthalmia and postnatal lethality. To understand the mechanisms underlying these malformations, we used lens progenitor cells as a model and found that ATRIP loss promotes replicative stress and TP53-dependent cell death. Trp53 inactivation in Atrip-deficient progenitor cells rescued apoptosis, but increased mitotic DNA damage and mitotic defects. Our findings demonstrate an essential role of ATRIP in preventing DNA damage accumulation during unchallenged replication.
Genome biology of the paleotetraploid perennial biomass crop Miscanthus
Authors: Mitros Therese , Session Adam M. , James Brandon T. , Wu Guohong Albert , Belaffif Mohammad B. , Clark Lindsay V. , Shu Shengqiang , Dong Hongxu , Barling Adam , Holmes Jessica R. , Mattick Jessica E. , Bredeson Jessen V. , Liu Siyao , Farrar Kerrie , Głowacka Katarzyna , Jeżowski Stanisław , Barry Kerrie , Chae Won Byoung , Juvik John A. , Gifford Justin , Oladeinde Adebosola , Yamada Toshihiko , Grimwood Jane , Putnam Nicholas H. , De Vega Jose , Barth Susanne , Klaas Manfred , Hodkinson Trevor , Li Laigeng , Jin Xiaoli , Peng Junhua , Yu Chang Yeon , Heo Kweon , Yoo Ji Hye , Ghimire Bimal Kumar , Donnison Iain S. , Schmutz Jeremy , Hudson Matthew E. , Sacks Erik J. , Moose Stephen P. , Swaminathan Kankshita , Rokhsar Daniel S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMiscanthus is a perennial wild grass that is of global importance for paper production, roofing, horticultural plantings, and an emerging highly productive temperate biomass crop. We report a chromosome-scale assembly of the paleotetraploid M. sinensis genome, providing a resource for Miscanthus that links its chromosomes to the related diploid Sorghum and complex polyploid sugarcanes. The asymmetric distribution of transposons across the two homoeologous subgenomes proves Miscanthus paleo-allotetraploidy and identifies several balanced reciprocal homoeologous exchanges. Analysis of M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus populations demonstrates extensive interspecific admixture and hybridization, and documents the origin of the highly productive triploid bioenergy crop M. × giganteus. Transcriptional profiling of leaves, stem, and rhizomes over growing seasons provides insight into rhizome development and nutrient recycling, processes critical for sustainable biomass accumulation in a perennial temperate grass. The Miscanthus genome expands the power of comparative genomics to understand traits of importance to Andropogoneae grasses.