bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in Children with Short Bowel Syndrome: A Single Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Yuan Chenling , Li Xiaolu , Hu Hui , Li Dan , Xiao Yongmei , Wang Yizhong , Zhang Ting 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a devastating clinical entity that is usually managed with parenteral nutrition (PN). Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is a serious complication of long-term PN. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of CRBSI in SBS children. Methods: Nineteen pediatric patients with SBS were retrospectively recruited from Shanghai Children’s Hospital between August 2015 and December 2019. Clinical data, including demographics, aetiology of SBS, site and type of catheters, duration of PN, comorbidities, and microbiological data regarding CRBSI, were collected and reviewed to assess the CRBSI incidence and associated risk factors. Results: A total of 57 catheter insertions for PN were administered in 19 SBS children. CRBSI was identified in 11 cases among 6 patients during a total catheter days of 1907. The rate of CRBSI was 5.8 per 1000 catheter days. The common manifestations of the SBS children with CRBSI were fever (6/11, 54.5%), lethargy (5/11, 45.4%), stagnation of weight (7/11, 63.6%), and increment of enterostomy fluid (7/11, 63.6%). Potential risk factors for CRBSI included an absence of ileocecal valve (p=0.046), and long duration of PN (p=0.019). The most common microorganism isolated from the blood cultures was Klebsiella pneumoniae (6/11, 54.55%). Conclusions: The rate of CRBSI was 5.8 per 1000 catheter days, and klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolated pathogen of CRBSI in the studied SBS children. An absence of ileocecal valve and long duration of PN were potential risk factors of CRBSI.
Axitinib in Combination with Radiotherapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Yang Kai-Lin , Chi Mau-Shin , Ko Hui-Ling , Huang Yi-Ying , Huang Su-Chen , Lin Yu-Min , Chi Kwan-Hwa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Axitinib is a selective vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1–3 inhibitor approved for second-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. In a randomized, placebo-controlled phase II trial for patients with locally advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), axitinib improved progression-free survival and showed overall response rate of 9.7%. This phase I study aimed at evaluating maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of axitinib in combination with radiotherapy (RT) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: This phase I study followed the rule of traditional 3 + 3 design. Major eligibility included: (1) advanced HCC unsuitable for surgery, radiofrequency ablation or transarterial chemoembolization; (2) failure on sorafenib or no grant for sorafenib from health insurance system. Eligible patients with advanced HCC received axitinib for total 8 weeks during and after RT. Three cohorts with axitinib dose escalation were planned: 1 mg twice daily (level I), 2 mg twice daily (level II) and 3 mg twice daily (level III). The prescribed doses of RT ranged from 37.5 to 67.5 Gy in 15 fractions to liver tumor(s) and were determined based on an upper limit of mean liver dose of 18 Gy (intended isotoxic RT for normal liver). The primary endpoint was MTD of axitinib in combination with RT.Results: Total nine eligible patients received axitinib dose levels of 1 mg twice daily (n = 3), 2 mg twice daily (n = 3) and 3 mg twice daily (n = 3). Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) did not occur in the 3 cohorts; the MTD was defined as 3 mg twice daily in this study. ORR was 66.7%, including 3 complete responses and 3 partial responses, at 3 months after treatment initiation. With a median follow-up of 16.6 months, median OS was not reached, 1-year OS was 66.7%, and median PFS was 7.4 months.Conclusions: Axitinib in combination with RT for advanced HCC was well tolerated with an axitinib MTD of 3 mg twice daily in this study. The outcome analysis should be interpreted with caution due to the small total cohort.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02814461), Registered June 27, 2016 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02814461
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice and Associated Factors towards COVID-19 among College Students in Amhara Region, Ethiopia; A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tadesse Abay W. , Melese Negesse , Eshetie Sisay , Chane Mulugeta , Ali Amhed 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Ethiopia has taken unprecedented preventive measures like closure of higher education institutions to halt the spread of COVID-19. However, still, there is scarce information regarding the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of students towards COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study aimed to assess the KAP and associated factors of preventive measures against COVID 19 among students.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 422 students. The sample was proportionally allocated into the randomly selected four colleges and the students were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique. Variables with p-value < 0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model.Results: this study involved 408 students with response rate of 96.6%. The level of good knowledge, positive attitude and good practice were 69.6%, 56.6% and 65% respectively. After adjusting for covariates; being in the late adolescent age group (16-20), living with > 5 family size, and being single were predictors of knowledge level. Besides, being single, learning Diploma (TVET) level trainings, and being year-two students were predictors of attitude levels. Similarly, urban residence, being regular students, and being year-one students were the independent predictors of practice level of students.Conclusions: The national and local governments should develop effective and inclusive prevention strategies to address students who are at home due to COVID-19 pandemic.
The Expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the Kidneys and Heart of Mice Infected with Acanthamoeba Spp.
Authors: Kot Karolina , Kosik-Bogacka Danuta Izabela , Wojtkowiak-Giera Agnieszka , Kolasa-Wołosiuk Agnieszka , Łanocha-Arendarczyk Natalia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Acanthamoeba spp. are cosmopolitan protozoa that cause infections in the brain, as well as extracerebral infections in the cornea, lungs and skin. Little is known about the mechanisms of the immunological response to these parasites in organs which are not their main biotope. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the kidneys and heart of Acanthamoeba spp. infected mice, with respect to the host’s immunological status. Results: In the kidneys, we observed a higher expression of TLR2 in immunosuppressed mice at 24 days post Acanthamoeba spp. infection (dpi) compared to the uninfected mice. There were no statistically significant differences in TLR4 expression in the kidneys between the immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice, both of infected and uninfected mice. In the heart, we observed a difference in TLR2 expression in immunocompetent mice at 24 dpi compared to immunocompetent mice at 8 dpi. The immunocompetent Acanthamoeba spp. infected mice had higher TLR4 expression at 8 dpi compared to the immunocompetent uninfected mice. Conclusions: Our results indicate that TLR2 is involved in response to Acanthamoeba spp. infection in the kidneys, whereas in the heart, both studied TLRs are involved.
Structural, Optical, Magnetic and Photocatalytic Properties of Sr2Nb2O7-Nb2O5-SrCO3 Nanocomposite Synthesized by Solvothermal Route
Authors: nazarlou Ziba davtalab , Kafi-Ahmadi Leila , khademinia shahin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sr2Nb2O7 nanocomposites were prepared by a low cost ultrasonic assisted solvothermal method between Sr(NO3)2 and Nb2O5 at stoichiometric Sr:Nb molar ratio. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) technique. Rietveld analysis showed that the obtained materials were crystallized well in the orthorhombic crystal structure with the space group Cmc21. The morphologies of the synthesized materials were studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Strong light absorption in the ultraviolet light region at about 320 nm was observed for the synthesized nanocomposites by Ultraviolet-visible spectra. Vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis showed that the as-synthesized nanomaterials had ferromagnetic property. Photocatalytic performance of the synthesized nanocomposites was investigated for the degradation of Malachite Green (MG) water pollutant in aqueous solution under visible light condition. The light source was a white color fluorescent lamp with the light power of 40 W and the light intensity of 920 lm/m2 (1.34 W/m2). Design expert software was used to find the optimum conditions. The optimum conditions were found as 0.61 mL H2O2, 40 mg catalyst, and 60 min. The as prepared MG solution volume and concentration were 80 mL and 50 ppm, respectively, to achieve the optimum conditions. The kinetic study showed that the photodegradation process followed a first order reaction model.
Effects of Reinforcement Ratios and Sintering Temperatures on the Mechanical Properties of Titanium Nitride/Nickel Composites
Authors: Chen Yi-Cheng , Ou Shih-Fu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, powder metallurgy was used to fabricate titanium nitride/nickel metal-matrix composites. First, Ti and Ni powders with weight ratios of 20:80, 50:50, and 80:20 were dry mixed for 24 h. After cold isostatic pressing, the green compacts were soaked in a water-based hot forging lubricant and sintered at 850, 950, and 1050°C for 1.5 h in an air atmosphere. The effects of the amount of titanium powder and the sintering temperature on the mechanical properties (hardness, wear resistance, and compressive strength) of the composites were investigated. The results indicated that titanium gradually transformed into titanium nitride near the surface after sintering due to the carbothermal reduction reaction; this transformation was observed to significantly increase the hardness. In addition, a titanium oxide film was observed to form between the titanium particles and the nickel matrix. The optimum sintering temperature of 950°C provides the composites with titanium-nickel weight ratios of 20:80 and 50:50, the latter of which exhibited the best mechanical properties (wear resistance and compressive strength). Furthermore, increasing the titanium content to 80% in the composite increased the hardness; however, the wear resistance and compressive strength were observed to reduce.
Evaluation of Lipid Ratios and Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index as Risk Markers of Insulin Resistance in Iranian Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Woman
Authors: Kheirollahi Asma , Teimouri Maryam , Karimi Mehrdad , Moradi Nariman , Sadeghi Asie , vatannejad akram 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Insulin resistance has a key role in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Previous investigations have informed that some lipid ratios could be a simple clinical indicator of insulin resistance (IR) in some disorders and ethnicities. We aimed to examine the correlation between triglyceride to HDL-cholesterol (TG/HDL-C), total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) and fasting triglyceride-glucose (TyG) indices with IR (as measured by homeostasis model assessment of IR [HOMA-IR], quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [QUICKI] and fasting glucose to insulin ratio [FGIR]), and determine a good clinical predictor for IR in Iranian PCOS woman. Methods: We evaluated 305 PCOS women. After physical evaluations, biochemical parameters were measured using commercial kits and TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and TyG indices were calculated using formula. Fasting insulin level measured using ELISA technique. IR was defined as a HOMA-IR value ≥2.63, FG-IR<8.25 and QUICKI <0.33. Results: The insulin-resistance and insulin-sensitive groups, which established by HOMA-IR, FG-IR and QUICKI values, were different in terms of TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and TyG indices. These indices were associated with IR after adjusting for age and BMI. The under ROC curves (AUC) of TyG, TG/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C for predicting HOMA-IR index were 0.639, 0.619 and 0.623 respectively which were significant, with a p-value 0.012, 0.033 and 0.027, respectively. The AUC of TC/HDL-C (0.614) was significant (p-value 0.04) for predicting FG-IR.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the elevated TyG, TG/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C were significantly associated with IR and could be utilized as indicators of IR among PCOS women in Iran.
Offspring Development Conditioning (ODC): A Universal Trend in Evolution of Higher Organisms’ Reproduction
Authors: Fu Qiang , Liu Jianni , Wang Xin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background All organisms evolve, according to Darwin. The question is how? Is there any generalpattern or trend in the organisms’ evolution? These are rarely asked and almost never answered questions. This situation makes the evolution frustrating an d mysterious to many.Results After surveying the reproductive modes in most animals and plants, we propose that all (at least most) of higher organisms demonstrate the similar trend underlying their reproductive evolution, namely, Offspring Development C onditioning (ODC). ODC benefit the organisms in two ways: one is enhanced physical protection, the other is secured nutrition supply.Conclusions This pattern makes the origin and evolution of reproductive organs in both animals and plants rational and co mprehensive . To the best of our knowledge, this pattern appears universal in higher organisms (including both plants and animals), although we encourage future colleagues to identify exceptions. We hope this will help frame the evolution of higher animals and plants, and make their evolution comprehensive to everyone.
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Conjugated with Aβ Oligomer-Specific scFv Antibody and Class A Scavenger Receptor Activator Show Therapeutic Potentials for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Liu Xiao-ge , Zhang Lun , Lu Shuai , Liu Dong-qun , Huang Ya-ru , Zhu Jie , Zhou Wei-wei , Yu Xiao-lin , Liu Rui-tian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Disease-modifying strategies to prevent or delay AD progression are urgently needed. Aβ oligomers (AβOs), rather than monomers or fibrils, are considered as the most neurotoxic species. Therapeutic approaches that direct against these oligomers and promote Aβ clearance may have great value for AD intervention. Results: We here reported the novel multifunctional nanoparticle W20/XD4-SPIONs, which were constructed by conjugating oligomer-specific scFv antibody W20 and class A scavenger receptor activator XD4 onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Besides the diagnostic value, W20/XD4-SPIONs retained the properties of W20 and XD4 by inhibiting Aβ aggregation, attenuating AβOs-induced cytotoxicity and increasing microglial phagocytosis of Aβ. When applied to AD transgenic mouse model, W20/XD4-SPIONs significantly rescued cognitive deficits and alleviated neuropathology of AD transgenic mice. Conclusion: These results suggest that W20/XD4-SPIONs are a promising therapeutic agent for AD. As a molecular probe, W20/XD4-SPIONs also specifically and sensitively bind to the AβOs in AD brains to provide an MRI signal, demonstrating that W20/XD4-SPIONs are a promising agent for early-stage AD.
No SARS-CoV-2 detected in the vermiform appendix of a COVID-19 patient with appendicitis: a case report
Authors: Wolf Benjamin , Pietsch Corinna , Radosa Marc-Philip , Horn Lars-Christian , Liebert Uwe G. , Aktas Bahriye 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been demonstrated to infect the gastrointestinal tract and might therefore be a source of infection for the surgical team during abdominal operations. One of the most common surgical procedures performed is appendectomy. However, reports of virologic testing of appendiceal tissue specimens in COVID-19 patients are lacking. We sought to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 is present in the appendectomy specimen of a patient with COVID-19. Case presentation:A female patient presented to the emergency department of our tertiary care academic hospital with lower abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting. She was admitted to the gynecological floor because of suspected pelvic inflammatory disease. Due to worsening symptoms, a laparoscopy was performed the next day and a severely inflamed appendix was detected. Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed without complications. A few hours postoperatively, the patient was tested positive for corona virus disease 2019 (COVID 19). Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis targeting the SARS-CoV-2 E-gene was performed on the appendectomy specimen. SARS-CoV-2 could not be detected. During her hospital stay, the patient developed mild respiratory symptoms while the postoperative course was otherwise uncomplicated. Conclusions:The absence of SARS-CoV-2 in the appendectomy specimen of our case adds to the preliminary available evidence indicating that appendectomy in COVID-19 patients with mild disease carries probably a low risk of infection by aerosols generated during the procedure.
Finite element analysis of wedge and biconcave deformity in four different height restoration after augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture
Authors: Zuo Xiao-Hua , Chen Ying-Bing , Xie Peng , Zhang Wen-Dong , Xue Xiang-Yun , Zhang Qian-Xi , Shan Ben , Zhang Xiao-Bing , Bao Hong-Guang , Si Yan-Na 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Biomechanical comparison of wedge and biconcave deformity of different height restoration after augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures was analyzed by three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA).
Methods
Three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of T11-L2 segment was constructed from CT scan of elderly osteoporosis patient. The von Mises stresses of vertebrae, intervertebral disc, facet joints, displacement, and range of motion (ROM) of wedge and biconcave deformity were compared at four different heights (Genant 0–3 grade) after T12 vertebral augmentation.
Results
In wedge deformity, the stress of T12 decreased as the vertebral height in neutral position, flexion, extension and left axial rotation, whereas increased sharply in bending at Genant 0; L1 and L2 decreased in all positions excluding flexion of L2, and T11 increased in neutral position, flexion, extension, and right axial rotation at Genant 0. No significant changes in biconcave deformity. The stress of T11-T12, T12-L1, and L1-L2 intervertebral disc gradually increased or decreased under other positions in wedge fracture, whereas L1-L2 no significant change in biconcave fracture. The utmost overall facet joint stress is at Genant 3, whereas there is no significant change under the same position in biconcave fracture. The displacement and ROM of the wedge fracture had ups and downs, while a decline in all positions excluding extension in biconcave fracture.
Conclusions
The vertebral restoration height after augmentation to Genant 0 affects the von Mises stress, displacement, and ROM in wedge deformity, which may increase the risk of fracture; Whereas restored or not in biconcave deformity.
Relationship between Th17-mediated immunity and airway inflammation in childhood neutrophilic asthma
Authors: Wei Qing , Liao Jing , Jiang Min , Liu Jing , Liang Xiuan , Nong Guangmin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The pathogenetic mechanisms of neutrophilic asthma are not well understood now. Whether Th17-mediated immunity contributes to the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma in human is still under investigation. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between Th17-mediated immunity and airway inflammation in childhood neutrophilic asthma.
Methods
Twenty-eight children with exacerbated asthma and without using any glucocorticoids were divided into three groups: eosinophilic asthma (EA) group, neutrophilic asthma (NA) group and paucigranulocytic asthma (PGA) group according to the induced sputum cytology. Ten healthy children were recruited as healthy control (HC) group. Peripheral Th17 and Th2 cells, and the expression of Ki-67 in peripheral Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of RORγt in PBMCs was detected by qRT-PCR. The concentrations of IL-17, IL-8 and IL-5 in sputum, as well as IL-17 in plasma and culture supernatant of activated PBMCs were measured by ELISA.
Results
The percentage of Th17 cells in peripheral Th cells, and the concentrations of IL-17, IL-8 in sputum, as well as IL-17 in culture supernatant of activated PBMCs were all increased in NA group, and positively correlated with neutrophil level in sputum and with each other. Also, the mRNA expression of RORγt in PBMCs and Ki-67 positivity in peripheral Th17 cells were both increased in NA group. The percentage of Th2 cells in peripheral Th cells, and the concentration of IL-5 in sputum were both increased in EA group, and positively correlated with eosinophil level in sputum and with each other.
Conclusions
Both Th17- and Th2-mediated immunity are involved in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. There is predominance of Th17-mediated immunity and Th17 cells proliferation in childhood neutrophilic asthma.
Transcriptomic, proteomic, and physiological comparative analyses of flooding mitigating low temperature stress on direct-seeded early indica rice at seedling stage
Authors: WANG WENXIA , Du Jie , Chen Liming , Zeng Yongjun , Tan Xueming , Shi Qinghua , Pan Xiaohua , Wu Ziming , Zeng Yanhua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Low temperature (LT) often occurs at seedling stage in early rice-growing season, especially for direct-seeded early-season indica rice seedlings, and adopting flooding irrigation could mitigate LT damage. However, it is not clear on the response mechanisms of a mitigating effect on LT stress at early rice seedling stage.
Results

In this study, LT stress with 10/6°C (day/night), LT accompanied by flooding (LTF) and CK (control) treatments were established for 3d to aim to determine the response mechanisms on physiological, transcriptomic, and proteomic of direct-seeded rice seedlings at seedling stage. The results showed that the chloroplasts was severely degraded, thylakoid lamellae were seriously damaged and osmiophilic body increased gradually in LT contrast to CK, but LTF could alleviate the damage of low temperature on chloroplast structure. Compared with LT, LTF significantly increased the contents of Rubisco, chlorophyll, PEPCK, ATP and GA3 of rice seedlings whereas significantly decreased soluble protein, MDA and ABA content, suggesting the higher photosynthetic traits, antioxidant ability and better growth characteristic, although it could also affect the physiological activity contrast to CK. The identified differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed proteins indicated that photosynthesis metabolism pathway, reactive oxygen species and metabolic regulation had significant differences between LT and LTF stress, which were the main reasons that reduced the LT damage of rice seedlings for LTF.
Conclusions

Our results could provide comprehensive interpretation of physiological characteristics, genes and proteins expression changes in low temperature and low temperature flooding.