bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Death
Authors: Barona Josep Lluis 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Death is a biological event which forms an
essential part of culture. All human societies have attributed some
meaning to death in myth, religion, philosophy or science. The
various forms of art have also represented death as an essential
part of the human condition. This article discusses the cultural,
social and medical constructions of death, starting with the origin
myth and the contradiction between death and eternal life. It
explores funeral rites and parish registers, examines death as an
important social phenomenon in modern societies and considers the
meaning of civil registries as instruments of social identity and
legitimacy. Finally, it reflects on medicine’s power over death,
death’s biological dimension and attempts to objectify signs of
death.
Montaigne, the essay and the end of life
Authors: Skelton John 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study builds on previous work in the way
that death and dying are represented in writing in the Humanities by
looking principally though not exclusively at the work of Montaigne.
It is argued that while literary texts of course portray end of life
issues, it is often either focussed on the death of an individual
and the surrounding grief, or “death” is used for symbolic purposes,
for example as evidence of a society in decay. The essay form, which
was to a large extent created by Montaigne, offers the opportunity
to explore end of life questions as concepts, and to consider
through them how to die – and by extension, how to live.
What genericity reveals about the establishment of the definite
determiner in German
Authors: Petrova Svetlana 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This contribution deals with the rise of the
definite determiner in generic noun phrases in German. It calls
attention to a by now neglected part of the diachronic development
of the determiner system of German and provides a special
contribution on the subject, building upon newly collected,
first-hand corpus data and its interpretation in the context of the
current semantic debate on genericity.
Weekly Vitamin D3 supplementation improves aerobic performance in combat sport athletes
Authors: Marley Andrew , Grant Marie Clare , Babraj John 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVitamin D3 supplementation can affect the strength and power of an athlete, however the effect on endurance performance remains unclear. Twenty‐seven recreational male combat athletes with at least 12 months experience within combat sports were recruited (age: 24 ± 4 years, stature: 176 ± 6 cm, weight: 77 ± 14 kg). Participants completed baseline testing for blood haemoglobin and haematocrit, upper and lower body VO2peak and upper and lower body Wingate. Following testing participants were stratified to 50,000IU (D1), 80,000IU (D2) or 110,000IU (D3) of vitamin D3 per week. They then completed a 6‐week placebo period followed by a 6‐week supplementation period. Retesting was carried out after the placebo and supplementation period. There was a significant effect for time for haemoglobin and haematocrit, upper and lower body VO2peak and upper body Wingate power (P < 0.01) but no effect for dose of vitamin D given. Performance data were normalised to vitamin D intake and there was a moderate effect size between D1 and D2 for lower body VO2peak (d = 0.6), upper body VO2peak (d = 0.13) and upper body average power (d = 0.75), with a large effect size between D1 and D2 for haemoglobin (d = 1.19), haematocrit (d = 0.93) and upper body peak power (d = 0.95). There was a large effect size for D1 compared to D3 for all variables (d > 0.8). Therefore, there is no additional benefit to increasing dose above 50,000IU vitamin D per week. Given the endurance adaptations from vitamin D supplementation and the importance of endurance for combat performance, recreational combat athletes should supplement at 50,000IU per week for six weeks.
Chemistry and complexity for solitons in AdS5
Authors: Andrews Shane , Hennigar Robie A , Kunduri Hari K 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMinimalD= 5 supergravity admits asymptotically globally AdS5gravitational solitons (stationary, geodesically complete, horizonless spacetimes with positive mass). We show that, like asymptotically flat gravitational solitons, these solutions satisfy mass and mass variation formulas analogous to those satisfied by AdS black holes. A thermodynamic volume associated to the non-trivial topology of the spacetime plays an important role in this construction. We then consider these solitons within the holographic ‘complexity equals action’ and ‘complexity equals volume’ conjectures as simple examples of spacetimes with nontrivial rotation and topology. We find distinct behaviours for the volume and action, with the counterterm for null boundaries playing a significant role in the latter case. For large solitons we find that both proposals yield a complexity of formation proportional to a power of the thermodynamic volume,V3/4. In fact, up to numerical prefactors, the result coincides with the analogous one for large black holes.
In-plane image quality and NPWE detectability index in digital breast tomosynthesis
Authors: Monnin P , Verdun F R , Bosmans H , Marshall N W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A rigorous 2D analysis of signal and noise transfer applied to reconstructed planes in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is necessary for system characterization and optimization. This work proposes a method for assessing technical image quality and system detective quantum efficiency (DQEsys) for reconstructed planes in DBT. Measurements of 2D in-plane modulation transfer function (MTF) and noise power spectrum (NPS) were made on five DBT systems using different acquisition parameters, reconstruction algorithms and plane spacing. This work develops the noise equivalent quanta (NEQ), DQEsys and detectability index (d’) calculated using a non-prewhitening model observer with eye filter (NPWE) for reconstructed DBT planes. The images required for this implementation were acquired using a homogeneous test object of thickness 40 mm poly(methyl) methacrylate plus 0.5 mm Al; 2D MTF was calculated from an Al disc of thickness 0.2 mm and diameter 50 mm positioned within the phantom. The radiant contrast of the MTF disc and the air kerma at the system input were used as normalization factors. The NPWE detectability index was then compared to the in-plane contrast-detail (c-d) threshold measured using the CDMAM phantom.
The MTF and NPS measured on the different systems showed a strong anisotropy, consistent with the cascaded models developed in the literature for DBT. Detectability indices calculated from the measured MTF and NPS successfully predicted changes in c-d detectability for details between 0.1 mm and 2.0 mm, for DBT plane spacings between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, and for air kerma values at the system input between 157 µGy and 1170 μGy. The linear Pearson correlation between the detectability index and threshold gold thickness of the CDMAM phantom was −0.996. The method implements a parametric means of assessing the technical image quality of reconstructed DBT planes, providing valuable information for optimization of DBT systems.
Alanine dosimetry in strong magnetic fields: use as a transfer standard in MRI-guided radiotherapy
Authors: Billas Ilias , Bouchard Hugo , Oelfke Uwe , Shipley David , Gouldstone Clare , Duane Simon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Reference dosimetry in the presence of a strong magnetic field is challenging. Ionisation chambers have shown to be strongly affected by magnetic fields. There is a need for robust and stable detectors in MRI-guided radiotherapy (MRIgRT). This study investigates the behaviour of the alanine dosimeter in magnetic fields and assesses its suitability to act as a reference detector in MRIgRT.
Alanine pellets were loaded in a waterproof holder, placed in an electromagnet and irradiated by 60Co and 6 MV and 8 MV linac beams over a range of magnetic flux densities. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to calculate the absorbed dose, to water and to alanine, with and without magnetic fields. Combining measurements with simulations, the effect of magnetic fields on alanine response was quantified and a correction factor for the presence of magnetic fields on alanine was determined.
This study finds that the response of alanine to ionising radiation is modified when the irradiation is in the presence of a magnetic field. The effect is energy independent and may increase the alanine/electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal by 0.2% at 0.35 T and 0.7% at 1.5 T. In alanine dosimetry for MRIgRT, this effect, if left uncorrected, would lead to an overestimate of dose. Accordingly, a correction factor,

k

Q
B

,
Q

, is defined. Values are obtained for this correction as a function of magnetic flux density, with a standard uncertainty which depends on the magnetic field and is 0.6% or less.
The strong magnetic field has a measurable effect on alanine dosimetry. For alanine which is used to measure absorbed dose to water in a strong magnetic field, but which has been calibrated in the absence of a magnetic field, a small correction to the reported dose is required. With the inclusion of this correction, alanine/EPR is a suitable reference dosimeter for measurements in MRIgRT.
Error analysis of students with Concrete Sequential Thinking Styles in Solving Elimination-Substitution Problems
Authors: Winarti J S , Gembong S , Murtafi’ah W , Apriandi D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study aims to find out the errors of students with concrete sequential thinking in solving the problem of Elimination-Substitution. Error analysis is revealed based on Newmann’s theory. The research method used is a qualitative approach. The subjects of the study consisted of 2 students with concrete sequential thinking skills selected from 32 students of eight grade of SMPN 1 Sawahan. Data collection is obtained through structured interviews. Data analysis techniques consist of three lines, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The data validity technique using time triangulation. The results showed that students who had concrete sequential thinking styles in solving Elimination-Substitution problems tended to experience Process Skill and Encoding type errors.
Reconsidering astronomy textbooks’ concept about the cause of sun’s gravitational force: A comparison to quasar
Authors: Wikara B , Sutarno S , Suranto S , Sajidan S 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAll astronomy textbooks tell that a quasar has different gravitational force generator compared to sun. A quasar consists of gaseous matter surrounds supermassive black hole. The black hole generates an enormous gravitational force that binds galaxies around. Though on smaller scale, our sun also has strong gravitational force. However, the gravitational force is believed merely comes from sun’s huge mass instead of an existed black hole inside like quasar. Conversely, this paper confirms that the conviction needs to be reviewed. The particles shift postulate (which was obtained through Heisenberg’s uncertainty and wave-particle duality interpretation) and thermal expansion principle denoted that celestial bodies’ gravitational forces depend on their bodies’ temperatures. The hotter their bodies, the weaker their gravitational forces. Hence, sun must have weaker gravitational force compared to planets around it because sun is hotter than them, though it has a huge mass. The planets attract sun by their stronger gravitational forces, while sun itself, considering its endurance from being disunited caused by nuclear fusion and collision among hot molecules, is suspected has immense gravitational force at the core that attracts its body inward. Therefore, sun’s body is attracted inward and outward, yield a binding that creates balance among celestial bodies of our solar system. According to the postulate and principle before, the immense gravitational force inside sun can only be generated by an extremely cold body, allegedly a black hole. As a consequence, we now describe our sun’s structure as a black hole surrounded by gaseous matter, a characteristic that also possessed by quasars. This argument still needs to be verified, but at least gives a new point of view for scholars.
The application of using video scribe on geometry optics material
Authors: Saraswati D L , Dinihari Y , Nurrahmah A , Sari T A , Wiyanti E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
On the subject of geometry optics, pictures that can facilitate students in understanding the material are needed. Therefore, learning media that can show animations or pictures that can be understood by students are needed. One of the learning media that can be used is video scribe. Video scribe application can show animations and writings in the form of videos. The stages of this product development are carried out by six stages, such as, concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution. The data collection technique used was product evaluation questionnaire. The product evaluation questionnaire is used to assess development products by material experts and media experts. On average, the result of the validation test by material experts obtained a score of 80,11%, in which it is feasible in terms of material. Whereas, the score by media experts was 84,16%, in which it is also feasible in terms of learning media. Based on the results of the feasibility test conducted, Video scribe-based high school physics learning media on the subject of geometry optics has an average value of 82,14% with a very good interpretation. So that this product can be used in a field trial for users to get a product that viable as an alternative learning media in the classroom.
The effect of basic mathematical abilities on learning outcomes of physics education students
Authors: Saraswati D L , Lestari I , Seruni  , Andinny Y , Hikmah N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Research has been conducted to determine the effect of basic mathematical abilities on learning outcomes of physics education students in the Measurement Method subject. This is done based on the observations of researchers in the learning process of the Measurement Method. There are significant differences in the teaching and learning process. Students with weak basic mathematical abilities tend to be difficult to understand every materials in the subject. The population of this research is fourth semester students of Physics Education academic year 2018/2019. This research is an experimental research. The method of data collection in this research was taken through basic mathematical abilities test and student learning outcomes test. Data were analysis using regression analysis. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that there is an influence of basic mathematical abilities on student learning outcomes in the Measurement Method subject with a magnitude of influence of 6.7%. It’s means that the success of student learning in the lecture Measurement Method is related to students’ basic mathematical abilities. So it can be said that the final grades of students in the Measurement Method subject is influenced by the basic mathematics ability possessed by the student.
STEM in english language teaching at high schools in central java indonesia: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Susanto D A , Miyono N , Affini L N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
STEM as an educational enterprise has grown in importance during the past 10 years, articularly in the USA, UK, and other Anglo-Saxon countries [1]. The problem of this study is that what are the opportunities and challenges of implementing STEM in English language teaching at high schools in central java? The research design was a qualitative study using a sheet of structured interview which was distributed to teachers around at district area like; Pati, Semarang, Demak, Jepara, and Ungaran. There were 13 teachers who collected back the instrument and giving the data through their empirical involvement. The participants were the teachers from 6 state high schools and 7 private high schools. In collecting the data, the writers send the questions through email to the group of teachers’ organization and ask them to participate by answering it. The results are; the opportunities of using STEM that is teachers opportune to apply; 1) social media as a tool in teaching media, 2) vlog in supporting a topic of ‘describing a person/a thing’, 3) direct observation onto the nature, 4) short video in conversation, 5) elaborating some texts genres. On the other hand, there are some challenges like; teachers are facing; 1) less skill in using technology, 2) less facility at schools, 3) no socialization about STEM, 4) less teaching media used, 5) less motivation to grow. Writers also declare to recommend teachers to elevate and upgrade their skill in the usage of technology, collaborating nature as the teaching and be aware with the current teaching approach in order to be able to get in the students’ need in the current era.
Workshop on Multimedia Based Learning for Low Level-Education Teachers
Authors: Buntoro G A , Astuti I P , Ariyadi D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Education is one aspect that cannot be separated from human life. Even today education can be said to be the primary human need. Formal education in Indonesia starts from the childhood level or is often called kindergarten. To educate children, more interesting methods and media are needed to foster early talent and interest in students. In this case, kindergarten teachers are expected to maximize their communication skills and creativity in preparing to teach. Technology in our life today, many aspects is expected to be able to keep up with technological advances that have increased rapidly from year to year, including kindergarten teachers. Of the many kindergarten teachers present, there are still those who have not mastered the computer skill. However, with the holding of this training, kindergarten teachers slowly became masters of computers skill so that they were more creative and innovative in utilizing ICTs to create learning media especially those on multimedia based.
Mathematics Pre-Service Teachers’ Analogical Reasoning toward Calculus Problems
Authors: Agustina E N S , Sukriyah D , Dhewy R C , Ayuningtyas N , Mubarokah  , Isobar A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between the educational background of Mathematics Pre-Service Teacher (MPST) at senior high school and their analogical reasoning ability (MPST) in solving calculus problems. The sample of this research is 31 MPST from STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo which consists of 18 MPST with high school natural science background, 3 MPST with social high school education background, 1 MPST with language school education background, 6 MPST with a vocational education engineering background, and 3 MPST with vocational education nonengineering background. The method of this research is quantitative method that uses non-parametric statistics namely correlation 2 (Chi-Square) This study shows that the value of 2 is 6,372. It can be concluded that there is no significant correlation between the educational background of MPST and analogical reasoning.
The implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) to develop student’s soft-skills
Authors: Brata D P N , Mahatmaharti A K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Currently, various implementation of higher education curriculum is still oriented at development of hard skills. Meanwhile, global market requires graduates with both hard skills and soft skills. Graduates’ soft skills are mainly affected by teaching strategy and model used by their lecturers. This current research aims at describing the implementation of a teaching model, i.e. Problem-based Learning (PBL) and effects of the teaching model on students’ soft skills. Descriptive qualitative was employed as the research approach. Triangulation of data source and method was implemented to collect the data, and case study was used to analyze the data. This research resulted that the implementation of PBL in Anthropology Course is learning in which problems are presented to reconstruct the culture of rural community. Students worked in a team to solve authentic problems in a community, developed and presented their way of solving the problems, as well as evaluated the process of solving the problems. The effect of the implementation of PBL was the students understood the course material contextually, were skillful in collecting qualitative data, were more knowledgeable in facing the village community, improved their soft skills in terms of written and spoken communication, a way of thinking (critical, creative, and logic), problem solving skills, team working, and interpersonal and work ethics. As an effort of strengthening students’ characters to face revolution industry 4.0, this research showed that graduates should have skills of 4 Cs (Critical Thinking, Creativity, Communication, and Collaboration Skills).
Analysis of Students’ Ability In Solving Relation and Functions Problems Based on Learning Indicators
Authors: Masjudin  , Muzaki Ahmad , Kurniawan Ade , Yuntawati  , Suhaini  
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to describe the ability of students to solve relation and function problems in based on the learning indicator perspective. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. This research was conducted at two Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) schools in West Lombok with 79 students. This research instrument includes a diagnostic test sheet and interview guidelines. The procedure of this study includes the provision of diagnostic test sheets to obtain the level of student ability. Furthermore, with a purposive sampling technique interview samples were set. Based on the results of the study obtained information that the ability of students to solve the problem of relations and functions are in the low category. Based on the learning indicators obtained the following findings: (1) the ability of students to explain the definition of relations and functions are in the low category; (2) the ability of students to determine examples and not examples of functions is in the medium category; (3) students’ ability to determine the domain, codomain, and range of a function is in the medium category; (4) students’ ability to draw Arrow and Cartesian Diagrams are in the medium category; (5) students’ ability to determine the value of a function if the value of the variable is known to be in the low category; (6) students’ ability to determine the value of a variable if the value of the function is known to be in the very low category; and (7) the ability of students to make function formulas is in the very low category
The Prototype of Automatic Water Sprinkle with Soil Moisture Sensor Based on ATMega 8535
Authors: Latif Abdul , Megantoro Prisma 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the design and realization of a ATMega8535 microcontroller based instrument for measuring soil moisture. Two probe for soil moisture sensor. This soil moisture sensor is connected to signal generator. When the soil moisture changes, then the impedance of sensor will change. This the frequency of output signal generator changes according to the soil moisture. This frequency change is then detected and used for knowing the soil moisture level. The instrument is also equipped with an on-off control signal that can be used for controlling the soil moisture level.