bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional population genetics and global phylogeography of the endangered highly migratory shark Lamna nasus: Implications for fishery management and conservation
Authors: González M. Teresa , Sepúlveda Fabiola A. , Zárate Patricia M. , Baeza J. Antonio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The porbeagle shark Lamna nasus is a large highly migratory shark distributed in cold and temperate marine waters of the North Atlantic and Southern Hemisphere (SH). According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the porbeagle is assessed globally as Vulnerable and regionally as Critically Endangered in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. This study explored, for the first time, the population genetics of L. nasus at a regional (south‐east Pacific Ocean) and global scale.
In this study, the null hypotheses of no genetic discontinuities among populations (i) within the SH, and (ii) between the SH and Northern Hemisphere (NH) were tested. Also, the demographic history of L. nasus in different ocean basins was assessed. Two mitochondrial markers (Control Region [CR] and cox1) well suited for population genetics inferences in sharks were used.
Spatial–genetic analyses suggested two genetic clusters co‐occurring in the south‐eastern Pacific Ocean. A two‐way ANOVA using the cox1 but not the CR mtDNA fragment detected an effect of genetic identity on shark body size. Phylogeographic analyses, haplotype networks, and analyses of molecular variance demonstrated genetic differences between populations from the NH and SH but not among populations in the SH.
Migration estimates indicated limited current maternal gene flow between the two hemispheres but high gene flow within hemispheres. Two well‐defined haplotype groups with star‐like shapes inhabited all ocean basins in the SH. These results could reflect a historical scenario of reproductive isolation and more recent mixture among previously isolated populations in the SH. A Bayesian skyline plot analysis indicated sudden population expansion in the SH occurring ~100–125 kya.
This study highlights the need for additional studies focusing on the population genomics (using nuclear markers, i.e. single nucleotide polymorphisms) and the general biology of L. nasus to explore the existence of genetically dissimilar populations in the SH. Such studies will help implementing efficient genetic monitoring programmes.
Ein Jahrhundert MPA Karlsruhe
Authors: Dehn Frank , Herrmann Nico 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDie Materialprüfungs‐ und Forschungsanstalt (MPA Karlsruhe) ist mit ihren Themen aus der Bauforschung und ‐entwicklung ein wichtiger Bestandteil des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie – Die Forschungsuniversität in der Helmholtz‐Gemeinschaft (KIT). Dies gilt nicht nur – aber vor allem – im Hinblick auf den Wissenstransfer von Forschungserkenntnissen in die Gesellschaft. Bedenkt man, dass der Nukleus der damaligen Polytechnischen Schule in Karlsruhe bei ihrer Gründung im Jahre 1825 das Bauwesen war, verwundert es nicht, dass an den Nachfolgeinstitutionen und dem heutigen KIT eine der traditionsreichsten Prüfanstalten für das Bauwesen in Deutschland angesiedelt ist. Seit nunmehr 100 Jahren steht die MPA Karlsruhe für wichtige Beiträge zur Entwicklung neuer Baustoffe und Bauweisen. Neben ihren Leistungen in Forschung und Innovation trägt sie außerdem zur forschungsorientierten Lehre für einen hohen Praxis‐ und Anwendungsbezug im Studium bei. Im Folgenden soll ein kurzer Abriss über die Geschichte der MPA Karlsruhe gegeben, die Gegenwart beleuchtet und ein Blick in die Zukunft des Hauses geworfen werden.
Massige Betonbauteile von Wasserbauwerken im (Klima‐)Wandel
Authors: Westendarp Andreas , Kunz Claus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMassige Bauteile im Wasserbau müssen unterschiedlichsten Dauerhaftigkeitsaspekten genügen, die bei Bemessung, Betonkonzeption und Ausführung in Einklang zu bringen sind. Die derzeitigen Regelungen zur Betonzusammensetzung sind aus bewährten Vorgehensweisen im Verkehrswasserbau über Jahrzehnte hinweg entstanden. Aus den Maßnahmen zur Beherrschung des Klimawandels, aber auch aus der Ressourcenverfügbarkeit im Bereich der Betonausgangsstoffe resultieren aktuell und auch künftig erhebliche Veränderungen am Baustoffmarkt. Aktuell zu nennen sind hier die mangelnde Verfügbarkeit von Flugasche oder auch der absehbare Rückgang bei Hüttensand und hüttensandhaltigen Zementen, welche bei der Konzeption und der Qualitätssicherung von Beton in vergleichsweise kurzer Zeit Umdenken und Anpassung erfordern. Der konstruktive Wasserbau steht im Bereich „Neubau massiver Wasserbauwerke” auch unter diesem Aspekt vor erheblichen Herausforderungen und benötigt eine Anpassungsstrategie. Hier geht es letztendlich um die Frage, wie in den nächsten Jahren überhaupt noch gebaut werden kann. Ausgehend von aktuellen Praktiken zur Sicherstellung der Dauerhaftigkeit werden Konzepte aufgezeigt, wie diese Herausforderungen im Verkehrswasserbau in Zukunft bewältigt werden können. Hierbei stehen nicht nur der Baustoff Beton an sich, sondern auch Bemessungs‐ und Dauerhaftigkeitskonzepte sowie Bauweisen, wie z. B. zoniertes Bauen oder Bauen mit Fertigteilen, im Blickpunkt.
Alkalisch aktivierte Bindemittel und ihre Anwendung im Beton
Authors: Neumann Thomas , Pulkin Maxim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEine steigende Anzahl von Veröffentlichungen widmet sich derzeit dem Thema alkalisch aktivierte Bindemittel bzw. Geopolymere (AAB). Motiviert wird die Entwicklung entsprechender Bindemittel häufig durch den z. T. kontrovers diskutierten Gedanken nach einer Reduzierung von CO2‐Emissionen. Der vorliegende Beitrag verdeutlicht, dass durch speziell zusammengesetzte AAB‐Betoneigenschaften erreicht werden, die mit konventionellen Betonen bisher nicht erreicht werden konnten. Im Vordergrund steht dabei der chemische Widerstand gegenüber Säuren und Laugen. Damit wird das vorgestellte AAB besonders für die Herstellung von Rohren, Schächten und landwirtschaftlichen Bauten attraktiv. Darüber hinaus kann ein hoher Widerstand gegenüber hohen Temperaturen und Wärmeschock festgestellt werden. Somit eignet sich das Bindemittel auch für die Herstellung energetisch optimierter Wärmespeicher und hochtemperaturbeständiger Bauteile. Eine Herstellung entsprechender Betone ist mit geringem investivem Aufwand in nahezu jeder Betonmischanlage möglich.
Millennials' evaluation of corporate social responsibility: The wants and needs of the largest and most ethical generation
Authors: Chatzopoulou Elena , de Kiewiet Adrian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMillennials are the most ethical generation, yet their evaluations of ethical practice remain unexplored in academic literature. Recently, the field of corporate social responsibility is moving closer to the forefront of corporate concerns as it climbs the hierarchy of consumer needs. Millennials are more aware of company activity than any other generation and so this presents a crucial opportunity for marketers to explore the gap between consumer attitudes and consumer purchasing behaviour by improving their understanding of this unique generation. This study explores how millennials evaluate corporate social responsibility (CSR), how authenticity perceptions are structured within CSR and what factors are most important to their ethical behaviour. In order to capture these antecedents with adequate depth, 15 qualitative interviews were conducted and analysed iteratively and rigorously using thematic analysis. According to the findings, millennials evaluate company activity through a lens of idealism. They have a natural scepticism for corporate ethics which drives them to look for cues that company actions are authentic and originate from unselfish motives. Activities associated with philanthropy are not trusted by millennials as they believe that companies should be responsible for their own domains of activity. This study is significant in providing managers with an in‐depth understanding of a powerful generation and its contemporary mentality.
17O NMR Studies of Yeast Ubiquitin in Aqueous Solution and in the Solid State
Authors: Lin Binyang , Hung Ivan , Gan Zhehong , Chien Po‐Hsiu , Spencer Holly L. , Smith Steven P. , Wu Gang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report a general method for amino acid‐type specific 17O‐labeling of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. In particular, we have prepared several [1‐13C,17O]‐labeled yeast ubiquitin (Ub) samples including Ub‐[1‐13C,17O]Gly, Ub‐[1‐13C,17O]Tyr, and Ub‐[1‐13C,17O]Phe using the auxotrophic E. coli strain DL39 GlyA λDE3 (aspC− tyrB− ilvE− glyA− λDE3). We have also produced Ub‐[η‐17O]Tyr, in which the phenolic group of Tyr59 is 17O‐labeled. We show for the first time that 17O NMR signals from protein terminal residues and side chains can be readily detected in aqueous solution. We also reported solid‐state 17O NMR spectra for Ub‐[1‐13C,17O]Tyr and Ub‐[1‐13C,17O]Phe obtained at an ultrahigh magnetic field, 35.2 T (1.5 GHz for 1H). This work represents a significant advance in the field of 17O NMR studies of proteins.
Impact of N‐Truncated Aβ Peptides on Cu‐ and Cu(Aβ)‐Generated ROS: CuI Matters!
Authors: Esmieu Charlène , Ferrand Guillaume , Borghesani Valentina , Hureau Christelle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn vitro Cu(Aβ1–x)‐induced ROS production has been extensively studied. Conversely, the ability of N‐truncated isoforms of Aβ to alter the Cu‐induced ROS production has been overlooked, even though they are main constituents of amyloid plaques found in the human brain. N‐Truncated peptides at the positions 4 and 11 (Aβ4–x and Aβ11–x) contain an amino‐terminal copper and nickel (ATCUN) binding motif (H2N‐Xxx‐Zzz‐His) that confer them different coordination sites and higher affinities for CuII compared to the Aβ1–x peptide. It has further been proposed that the role of Aβ4–x peptide is to quench CuII toxicity in the brain. However, the role of CuI coordination has not been investigated to date. In contrast to CuII, CuI coordination is expected to be the same for N‐truncated and N‐intact peptides. Herein, we report in‐depth characterizations and ROS production studies of Cu (CuI and CuII) complexes of the Aβ4–16 and Aβ11–16 N‐truncated peptides. Our findings show that the N‐truncated peptides do produce ROS when CuI is present in the medium, albeit to a lesser extent than the unmodified counterpart. In addition, when used as competitor ligands (i.e., in the presence of Aβ1–16), the N‐truncated peptides are not able to fully preclude Cu(Aβ1–16)‐induced ROS production.
2D Metal‐Organic Framework Derived Co3O4 for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction and High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Hao‐Yan , Xie Dan , Li He , Wu Shuang‐Yu , Qin Bo‐Wen , Cui Zheng , Zhang Xiao‐Ying , Zhang Jing‐Ping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecently, MOF‐derived (metal‐organic framework) 2D materials, due to the special structure of the MOF inherited, have become a potential candidate for application in energy storage and conversion. In this work, a new 2D layered Co−MOF was synthesized as the precursor for fabricating Napoleon‐like Co3O4 (NL−Co3O4). The monolayer thickness of NL−Co3O4 is approximately 70 nm. The unique structure of layered porous of NL−Co3O4 derived from Co−MOF plays an important role in improving electrochemical and electro‐catalysis properties. As lithium ion battery anode material, NL−Co3O4 shows out‐bound cycling performance and rate capacity, which has an unprecedented high reversible capacity of 1120.5 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 300 cycles and high rate capacities of 579.4 mA h g−1 under the current density of 6.4 A g−1. NL−Co3O4 still exhibits capacity of 679 and 576 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at high current densities of 1 and 4 A g−1, respectively. Moreover, NL−Co3O4 has efficient oxygen evolution reduction (OER) catalytic performance (overpotential, ca. 420 mV), comparable with commercial RuO2. During the process of continuous catalysis of OER, NL−Co3O4 shows good durability for about 15 h.
Structural and Surface Properties of Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) – Fatty Acid‐based Nanoaggregates Derived from Self‐assembling Janus Dendrimers
Authors: Yaddehige Mahesh Loku , Chandrasiri Indika , Barker Abigail , Kotha Arun K. , Dal Williams Jon Steven , Simms Briana , Kucheryavy Pavel , Abebe Daniel G. , Chougule Mahavir B. , Watkins Davita L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study summarizes the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of a library of biocompatible self‐assembling Janus dendrimers (JDs) and their resulting nanostructures possessing either a cationic (NH3+), anionic (COO−), or neutral (OH) surface. Strategically designed for applications in therapeutic delivery, the dendrimers are comprised of a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendron as the hydrophilic portion and fatty acid (FA) functionalized dendrons as the hydrophobic portion. The physicochemical characterization and in vitro cell viability of amphiphilic JDs were performed. Microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis indicate the size (i. e., diameters) of spherical nanoaggregates ranging from 40 to 100 nm with zeta‐potential values ranging from −17.9 to +58.7 mV with respect to the terminal functional group of the JD employed. Furthermore, these systems exhibited spherical nanoaggregates with critical aggregate concentrations (CAC) ranging from 2.8 to 7.0 mg/L. At low concentrations (<200 μg/mL), JDs nanoaggregates showed minimal cell growth inhibitory properties in the in vitro testing, demonstrating their safety. The results of this study prove that a simple yet strategic combination of chemically distinctive dendritic segments can afford a versatile library of unique JDs nanoplatforms with excellent potential for biomedical applications.
The effect of grazing on winter survival of midday gerbil (Meriones meridianus) of different genders
Authors: Yang Su‐Wen , Yuan Shuai , Wu Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Rong , Yue Xiu‐Xian , Ji Yu , Li Lin‐Lin , Li Xin , Fu He‐Ping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of grazing on midday gerbil (Meriones meridianus) population characteristics and survival of animals of different genders. The experiment used a randomized complete block design and was conducted in Alxa Left Banner, Inner Mongolia, China, in 2002 (The agricultural reclamation plots set up in 1994). From April 2006 to October 2010, midday gerbils were live‐trapped in 3 light grazing plots, 3 overgrazed plots, and 3 grazing exclusion plots. The quantity of vegetation was investigated in the two different grazing intensity areas and grazing exclusion area to determine the relationship between gerbils and plant food availability. The results suggested that there was higher gerbil density, individual body mass, and daily body mass growth rate in the grazing exclusion sites than the other sites across the whole year. Females had higher survival in grazing exclusion areas than in other treatments, but the males’ survival showed the opposite pattern. Our results indicated that grazing negatively influenced the midday gerbil population by reducing food availability. Grazing influenced the survival rates of male midday gerbils positively, but had negative effects on females. The reason for gendered differences in survival rates of midday gerbils requires further investigation.
Diet sources of the endangered Attwater's prairie‐chicken in Texas: evidence from δ13C, δ15N, and Bayesian mixing models
Authors: Torres‐Poché Zaria , Mora Miguel A. , Boutton Thomas W. , Morrow Michael E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Attwater's prairie‐chicken (APC; Tympanuchus cupido attwateri) was listed as an endangered species in 1967, and since then multiple studies have addressed ecological and human factors that may have limited their population recovery. In this study, we used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) in conjunction with Bayesian mixing models to determine current diets of APCs at the Attwater Prairie Chicken National Wildlife Refuge (APCNWR), and to compare them with past diets derived from the isotopic composition of feathers from museum specimens (1894–1965) to help elucidate potential factors limiting APC recovery. We collected feathers, blood, and feces from APCs at the APCNWR, and feathers from museum specimens. In addition, potential food items (vegetation, spiders, and insects) were collected from APCNWR and analyzed for δ13C and δ15N. A stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) was used to determine diet source contribution to past and present APC populations. δ13C values in APC blood were significantly greater in the fall than in the summer. Blood δ15N values were significantly greater in the summer than in the winter. δ13C values in feathers from museum and contemporary APCs were not different, although δ13C values in contemporary feathers were enriched by 0.5‰ relative to museum specimens. Results indicated that insects were the predominant food source in the summer and fall (61–65%) and C3 vegetation was predominant in the winter (64%). Using isotope values from feathers, the model predicted that the predominant food source during the period of feather growth were insects (62%) followed by C3 plants (17–18%), spiders (12–18%), and C4 plants (2–3%). Feathers from contemporary birds had δ15N values 0.9‰ lower than those from museum specimens, suggesting potential shifts in diets in APCs currently in the wild relative to the past. We hypothesize that the abundance and species richness of various arthropods may have changed at the APCNWR resulting in current APCs in the wild feeding on arthropods with lower δ15N values than in the past. Orthopterans comprised about 23% of the APCs diet currently in the wild, while they represented only about 19% in the past.
Differential effects of visually induced analgesia and attention depending on the pain stimulation site
Authors: Cordier Larissa , Ullrich Eva M. , Herpertz Stephan , Zieglgänsberger Walter , Trojan Jörg , Diers Martin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe term ‘visually induced analgesia’ describes a reduced pain perception induced by watching the painful body part as opposed to watching a neutral object. In chronic back pain patients, experimental pain, movement‐induced pain and habitual pain can be reduced with visual feedback. Visual feedback can also enhance the effects of both massage treatment and manual therapy. The impact of somatosensory attentional processes remains unclear.MethodsIn the current study, participants received painful electrical stimuli to their thumb and back while being presented with either a real‐time video of their thumb or back (factor feedback). In addition, using an oddball paradigm, they had to count the number of deviant stimuli, applied to either their back or thumb (factor attention) and rate the pain intensity.ResultsWe found a significant main effect for attention with decreased pain ratings during attention. There was no main effect for visual feedback and no significant interaction between visual feedback and attention. Post‐hoc tests revealed that the lowest pain intensity ratings were achieved during visual feedback of the back/ thumb and counting at the back/ thumb.ConclusionThese data suggest that the modulation of perceived acute pain by visually induced analgesia may be influenced by a simultaneous somatosensory attention task.SignificanceSomatosensory attention reduced experimental pain intensity in the thumb and back in the presence of both congruent and incongruent visual feedback. We found no significant visual feedback effect on the complex interplay between visual feedback and somatosensory attention.
A Novel Amperometric Glucose Biosensor Based on Fe3O4‐Chitosan‐β‐Cyclodextrin/MWCNTs Nanobiocomposite
Authors: Peng Lincai , Luo Yingjie , Xiong Hongping , Yao Shun , Zhu Minghui , Song Hang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA novel enzymatic biosensing platform toward glucose is achieved with nanocomposite of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4−CS−CD) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The synergistic effect of chitosan, β‐cyclodextrin and MWCNTs can facilitate electron transfer between enzyme and electrode based on the promoting results of the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The new biosensors exhibited direct electron transfer (DET) from enzyme to electrode after glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized on the modified electrode with the nanocomposite. Consequently, the enzymatic glucose biosensor displayed a considerably wide linear range (40 μM to 1.04 mM) with a high sensitivity of 23.59 μA mM−1cm−2, low detection limit of 19.30 μM, good selectivity, reproducibility and repeatability for detecting glucose. In addition, the current response still retained at 93.4 % after 25 days. Furthermore, the practical application of glucose biosensor was test in human serum samples with satisfactory accuracy, demonstrating promising and practical potential in biomedical diagnostics.
Steady natural convection heat and mass transfer flow through a vertical porous channel with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity
Authors: Ajibade Abiodun O. , Ojeagbase Princely O. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present article studies the effects of suction/injection and variable physical properties on steady natural convection flow through a vertical channel. The investigation was done analytically using Differential Transformation Method (DTM). The variability in viscosity and thermal conductivity are considered linear function of temperature. The governing equations are transformed into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Results obtained were compared with exact solution when some of the flow conditions were relaxed and results from DTM show an excellent agreement with the exact solution which was obtained analytically. The influence of the flow parameters on fluid temperature, concentration, and velocity are presented graphically and discussed for variations of the governing parameters. From the course of investigation, it was found that an increase in suction (S > 0) through the heated plate causes fluid temperature, velocity as well as concentration to decrease. However, an increase in injection causes heat transfer rate as well as skin friction at the heated plate to decrease.
Stabilization of directly acidified protein drinks by single and mixed hydrocolloids—combining particle size, rheology, tribology, and sensory data
Authors: Liu Jing , Pedersen Heidi Liva , Knarreborg Lisbeth , Ipsen Richard , Bredie Wender L. P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh methoxyl pectin and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) can be used as a stabilizer for directly acidified protein drinks (DAPDs). Use of pectin or CMC together with other polysaccharides and their impacts on product's rheological properties and tribological behavior are still largely unknown. This project investigated the impact of pectin and CMC, alone or in combination with guar gum, locust bean gum (LBG), and gellan gum when preparing DAPDs. The particle size distributions, rheological properties, tribological properties, and sensory properties were determined.ResultsPectin and CMC were dominating in the mixed system with other stabilizers. Increasing the concentration of hydrocolloids resulted in higher viscosity and better lubrication (lower friction coefficient). The sensory viscosity, smoothness, coating, and stickiness intensified as the concentration of hydrocolloids increased. The type and amount of hydrocolloids had a strong effect on the sensorial texture perception, but the flavor perception was only slightly affected.ConclusionUse of combined stabilizers may contribute to providing an effective viscosity enhancement without affecting the flavor in acidified milk beverages.