bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability and distribution of the golden-headed weevil Compsus auricephalus (Say) (Curculionidae: Entiminae: Eustylini)
Authors: Girón Jennifer , Chamorro M. Lourdes 
Published: July 2020

The golden-headed weevil Compsus auricephalus is a native and fairly widespread species across the southern U.S.A. extending through Central America south to Panama. There are two recognised morphotypes of the species: the typical green form, with pink to cupreous head and part of the legs and the uniformly white to pale brown form. There are other Central and South American species of Compsus and related genera of similar appearance that make it challenging to provide accurate identifications of introduced species at ports of entry.
Here, we re-describe the species, provide images of the habitus, miscellaneous morphological structures and male and female genitalia. We discuss the morphological variation of Compsus auricephalus across its distributional range, by revising and updating its distributional range, based on data from entomological collections in the U.S.A. and Canada. The revised distribution of C. auricephalus extends as far south as Zacapa in Guatemala. Records south from there correspond to a different species, with affinities to C. auricephalus that we discuss and illustrate. We also discuss morphological affinities and differences with other similar species. Furthermore, we summarise information regarding the biology, host plants and natural enemies of C. auricephalus.
Les retraites et la création de la Sécurité sociale en 1945 : révolution ou restauration ?
Authors: Valat Bruno 
Published: July 2020

La création de la Sécurité sociale en 1945 a été l’occasion d’une importante réforme de l’assurance vieillesse des salariés du secteur privé, à la base de notre système actuel. Les dispositifs existants depuis le début du siècle dans ce domaine n’avaient pas donné satisfaction pour deux raisons principales : d’abord le choix du principe contributif, qui imposait de longues années d’attente avant la jouissance d’une pension ; ensuite, les effets de l’inflation, qui avait laminé la valeur des cotisations capitalisées depuis 1910. Une reconstruction complète était donc nécessaire. L’article examine successivement les grandes questions que les réformateurs de la Libération durent résoudre pour donner des bases solides à la législation d’après-guerre et les choix opérés en la matière, notamment celui du régime financier à retenir : capitalisation ou répartition ? À la lumière de ces choix, il tente de répondre à la question : doit-on parler de révolution pour l’assurance vieillesse en 1945 ? Ne s’agit-il pas plutôt d’une restauration ?
Pierre de la Ramée, Loys Le Roy : deux philosophes français au milieu du XVI e siècle
Authors: Vuilleumier Antoine 
Published: July 2020

Cette étude se propose en un premier temps de décrire les quelques contacts historiques entre Pierre de La Ramée et Loys Le Roy. Dans un second temps, à partir de leurs cas particuliers, l’article voudrait émettre quelques hypothèses sur les conditions de possibilité et les formes intellectuelles et textuelles que peut revêtir, au milieu du xvie siècle, une philosophie d’expression française, dont les nombreuses publications attestent la vitalité. Le recours à la langue française dans un contexte philosophique est déterminé par des préoccupations idéologiques et politiques, une philosophie orientée vers la praxis et l’exemple de Cicéron. Nourris par des idées communes, mais évoluant dans des milieux socioculturels distincts, Ramus et Regius illustrent la philosophie française par des modes d’expression et des objets d’étude très différents (traités théoriques sur le trivium pour l’un, traductions et commentaires platoniciens puis politiques pour l’autre).
« L’homme vit sur terre mais pense au ciel. ». Spiritualisme et catholicisme : le cas d’Émile Saisset
Authors: Milbach Sylvain 
Published: July 2020

Émile Saisset (1814-1863) est un philosophe aujourd’hui bien oublié, bien qu’il ait été un insigne représentant de « l’école éclectique » qui a dominé l’enseignement de la philosophie en France entre 1820 et les années 1860. Au sein de cette école, il fut celui qui entretint avec le catholicisme un dialogue constant, et un des représentants les plus distingués du spiritualisme philosophique. Ce dialogue repose en partie sur la volonté de définir un nouveau magistère dans la société post-révolutionnaire, qui tienne à la fois compte de la tradition portée par le christianisme et des nécessités d’affronter la « modernité ». Il a rêvé d’un concordat philosophique avec le christianisme. Il y avait une part de stratégie dans cette démarche, et les contemporains, comme les philosophes de la fin du siècle, n’ont pas manqué d’y voir une part d’hypocrisie. En réalité, il y avait aussi dans sa démarche une « inquiétude métaphysique », reposant sur les modalités d’articulation entre foi et raison dans un régime de société d’opinions. Si Émile Saisset a été oublié, c’est parce que la séquence historique qu’il incarne a été ensevelie sous la laïcité républicaine. Et pourtant, sa pensée et son action témoignent pour la construction française d’une acception spirituelle et philosophique du gouvernement politique.
Adorno et Althusser, lecteurs de Hegel
Authors: Vuillerod Jean-Baptiste 
Published: July 2020

Cet article cherche à rapprocher les pensées de Louis Althusser et de Theodor W. Adorno autour de trois grandes questions : le primat de la théorie, la théorie de la société et de l’histoire, et la critique du sujet. Dans chaque cas, il s’agit de mettre en évidence les points communs entre les deux penseurs tout en soulignant leur désaccord fondamental en ce qui concerne la manière dont chacun se rapporte à la philosophie de Hegel. Là où Althusser vise à repenser le marxisme sur des bases non hégéliennes, Adorno veut au contraire revenir à Hegel pour ressourcer le marxisme en temps de crise.
Auroral classification ergonomics and the implications for machine learning
Authors: McKay Derek , Kvammen Andreas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The machine-learning research community has focused greatly on bias in
algorithms and have identified different manifestations of it. Bias in
training samples is recognised as a potential source of prejudice
in machine learning. It can be introduced by the human experts who define
the training sets. As machine-learning techniques are being applied to
auroral classification, it is important to identify and address
potential sources of expert-injected bias. In an ongoing study,
13 947 auroral images were manually classified with significant
differences between classifications. This large dataset allowed for the
identification of some of these biases, especially those originating
as a result of the ergonomics of the classification process. These
findings are presented in this paper to serve as a checklist for
improving training data integrity, not just for expert
classifications, but also for crowd-sourced, citizen science
projects. As the application of machine-learning techniques to auroral
research is relatively new, it is important that biases are identified
and addressed before they become endemic in the corpus of training
data.
Percepción de actitudes nocivas en el uso de las redes sociales en los jóvenes adolescentes
Authors: Sánchez Romero Cristina , López Berlanga Maria Carmen 
Published: July 2020

Los jóvenes adolescentes se encuentran inmersos en las redes sociales a través de sus dispositivos móviles. El objetivo de la investigación se centra en analizar la percepción de actitudes nocivas entre los jóvenes adolescentes en las redes sociales. Para ello, se han seleccionado una muestra de 202 estudiantes del nivel educativo de secundaria obligatoria a quienes se les ha aplicado un cuestionario mixto (alfa 0.78) del que se ha seleccionado las unidades de información cualitativa de la narrativa de los informantes claves. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes han percibido agresiones a través de insultos y amenazas por compartir archivos fotográficos (46.03 %) en las principales redes sociales como son Instagram (61.4 %) y WhatsApp (26.2 %). Estas agresiones que sufren los estudiantes se pueden solventar si se desarrolla una formación en la inclusión digital desde edades tempranas. Esto permitirá un uso adecuado de los dispositivos móviles y una comunicación e intercambio de información en las redes sociales desde actitudes positivas. Se requiere una inclusión digital de los estudiantes para el uso crítico de los archivos que comparten a través de las redes sociales.
The teenagers are immersed in social networks through their mobile devices. The objective of the research focuses on analyzing the perception of harmful attitudes among young adolescents in social networks. To do this, a sample of 202 students of compulsory secondary education level have been selected, to whom a mixed questionnaire (alpha 0.78) has been applied, from which the qualitative information units of the narrative of the key informants have been selected. The results show that students have perceived aggressions through insults and threats by sharing photographic files (46.03 %) in the main social networks such as Instagram (61.4 %) and WhatsApp (26.2 %). These aggressions suffered by students can be solved if a training in digital inclusion is developed from an early age. This will allow an adequate use of mobile devices and a communication and exchange of information in social networks from positive attitudes. It requires a digital inclusion of students for the critical use of the files they share through social networks.
The Prevalence of TB/HIV Coinfection in Elderly in the Metropolitan Region of Belém-Pará, Brazil
Authors: Aguiar Viviane Ferraz Ferreira de , Carvalho Dayara de Nazaré Rosa de , Bendelaque Dandara de Fátima Ribeiro , Costa Rafael Everton Assunção Ribeiro da , Martins Jaqueline Dantas Neres , Sousa Sara Melissa Lago , Fernandes Daiane de Souza , Pamplona Mônica Custódia do Couto Abreu , Sá Antônia Margareth Moita , Peixoto Ivonete Vieira Pereira 
Published: July 2020

Objectives: This study aims to investigate in secondary databases the prevalence of TB / HIV co-infection in the elderly in the metropolitan region of Belém-Pará, Brazil, in the 2001-2018 historical series.
Methodology: This is an epidemiological, retrospective study with a quantitative approach. Data collection was carried out in the database of SINAN/TB (Notifiable Information System/ Tuberculosis) of the State Secretariat of Public Health (SESPA), using records of confirmed cases of tuberculosis in the elderly in the metropolitan region of Belém, between 2001 and 2018, available for public consultation.
Results: 110 cases of co-infection were found in the elderly between 2001 and 2018 in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, with a predominance of males, aged between 60 and 69 years, mixed race and ignored/blank education. The clinical-epidemiological variables resulted in the prevalence of new cases and in the pulmonary clinical form, in addition to the absence of information in the extrapulmonary form.
Conclusion: The elderly are more vulnerable to pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection, and the presence of co-infection in this population is extremely harmful and even fatal. Therefore, conducting early detection is essential for disease prevention, in addition to educational activities aimed at promoting information about the two pathologies, promoting self-responsibility for health, higher rates of appropriate treatment and better cure rates.
Capacitive monitoring system for real‐time respiratory motion monitoring during radiation therapy
Authors: Sadeghi Parisa , Moran Kathryn , Robar James L. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis work introduces a novel capacitive‐sensing technology capable of detecting respiratory motion with high temporal frequency (200 Hz). The system does not require contact with the patient and has the capacity to sense motion through clothing or plastic immobilization devices.AbstractPurposeThis work presents and evaluates a novel capacitive monitoring system (CMS) technology for continuous detection of respiratory motion during radiation therapy. This modular system provides real‐time motion monitoring without any contact with the patient, ionizing radiation, or surrogates such as reflective markers on the skin.Materials and methodsThe novel prototype features an array of capacitive detectors that are sensitive to the position of the body and capable of high temporal frequency readout. Performance of this system was investigated in comparison to the RPM infrared (IR) monitoring system (Varian Medical Systems). The prototype included three (5 cm × 10 cm) capacitive copper sensors in one plane, located at a distance of 8–10 cm from the volunteer. Capacitive measurements were acquired for central and lateral‐to‐central locations during chest free‐breathing and abdominal breathing. The RPM IR data were acquired with the reflector block at corresponding positions simultaneously. The system was also tested during deep inspiration and expiration breath‐hold maneuvers.ResultsCapacitive monitoring system data demonstrate close agreement with the RPM status quo at all locations examined. Cross‐correlation analysis on RPM and CMS data showed an average absolute lag of 0.07 s (range: 0.03–0.23 s) for DIBH and DEBH data and 0.15 s (range: 0–0.43 s) for free‐breathing. Amplitude difference between the normalized CMS and RPM signal during chest and abdominal breathing was within 0.15 for 94.3% of the data points after synchronization. CMS performance was not affected when the subject was clothed.ConclusionThis novel technology permits sensing of both free‐breathing and breath‐hold respiratory motion. It provides data comparable to the RPM system but without the need for an IR tracking camera in the treatment room or use of reflective markers on the patient.
Remote Manipulation of Slidable Nano‐Ligand Switch Regulates the Adhesion and Regenerative Polarization of Macrophages
Authors: Choi Hyojun , Bae Gunhyu , Khatua Chandra , Min Sunhong , Jung Hee Joon , Li Na , Jun Indong , Liu Hui‐Wen , Cho Youngkyu , Na Kyu‐Hwan , Ko Minji , Shin Hongchul , Kim Yoon Hyuck , Chung Seok , Song Jae‐Jun , Dravid Vinayak P. , Kang Heemin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe development of materials capable of varying macroscale ligand distributions can emulate an extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and regulate the adhesion and polarization of macrophages. In this report, negatively charged slidable nano‐ligands are assembled and then conjugated to a positively charged substrate via electrostatic interaction. The negatively charged slidable nano‐ligands are prepared by coating magnetic nanoparticles with a polymer linker and negatively charged RGD ligand. The nano‐ligand sliding is characterized under an external magnetic field, which spatiotemporally alters macroscale ligand density. To the best of knowledge, this is the first demonstration that magnetic maipulation of the macroscale ligand density inhibits inflammatory M1 phenotype but stimulates the adhesion and regenerative M2 phenotype of host macrophages. Furthermore, it is elucidated that the magnetic attraction of the slidable nano‐ligand facilitates the assembly of adhesion structures in macrophages, thereby stimulating their regenerative M2 phenotype. The design of ECM‐emulating materials that allow remote, spatiotemporal, and reversible controllability of macroscale ligand density provides an appealing strategy in the spatiotemporal regulation of immunomodulatory tissue‐regenerative responses to implants in vivo.
Laser‐Generated Supranano Liquid Metal as Efficient Electron Mediator in Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yu Huiwu , Zhao Wenhao , Ren Long , Wang Hongyue , Guo Pengfei , Yang Xiaokun , Ye Qian , Shchukin Dmitry , Du Yi , Dou Shixue , Wang Hongqiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCreating colloids of liquid metal with tailored dimensions has been of technical significance in nano‐electronics while a challenge remains for generating supranano (<10 nm) liquid metal to unravel the mystery of their unconventional functionalities. Present study pioneers the technology of pulsed laser irradiation in liquid from a solid target to liquid, and yields liquid ternary nano‐alloys that are laborious to obtain via wet‐chemistry synthesis. Herein, the significant role of the supranano liquid metal on mediating the electrons at the grain boundaries of perovskite films, which are of significance to influence the carriers recombination and hysteresis in perovskite solar cells, is revealed. Such embedding of supranano liquid metal in perovskite films leads to a cesium‐based ternary perovskite solar cell with stabilized power output of 21.32% at maximum power point tracing. This study can pave a new way of synthesizing multinary supranano alloys for advanced optoelectronic applications.
Stretchable Sensor Made of MWCNT/ZnO Nanohybrid Particles in PDMS
Authors: Akhtar Imtisal , Chang Seung‐Hwan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStretchable and flexible electronic devices can be worn on the human body or incorporated into clothing. They have promising applications in the field of wearable electronics, flexible displays, and stretchable circuits. Here, a smart sensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) and embedded in polydimethylsiloxane is reported. The smart sensor based on MWCNT/ZnO nanohybrid particles can measure a wide range of temperature (0–100 °C). The concentration of MWCNT and ZnO NP size is chosen in such a way that the sensor shows a stable and linear response to change in temperature and other deformation with high selectivity. The smart sensor has a negative temperature coefficient with a sensitivity of −33.6 kΩ °C−1, and bending movement sensitivity of the sensor is measured with different sizes of ZnO NP and can be tuned from 33.3 to 138.89 kΩ degree−1. The robust and high performance shown in this study makes the demonstrated sensor competitive for a variety of applications, including body motion detection, health monitoring, and robotics.
The timing of adrenarche in Maya girls, Merida, Mexico
Authors: Keestra Sarai M. , Bentley Gillian R. , Núñez‐de la Mora Alejandra , Houghton Lauren C. , Wilson Hannah , Vázquez‐Vázquez Adriana , Cooper Gillian D. , Dickinson Federico , Griffiths Paula , Bogin Barry A. , Varela‐Silva Maria Inês 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdrenarche involves maturation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and increased production of dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate ester, dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate (DHEA‐S). It occurs at ages 6 to 8 in industrialized populations, marking the transition from childhood to juvenility and cognitive development at middle childhood. Studies in subsistence level populations indicate a later age (8‐9) for adrenarche, but only two such studies currently exist for comparison.AimsTo investigate adrenarcheal age among Maya girls and its association with body composition and dietary variables. We hypothesized adrenarche would occur earlier given the current dual burden of nutrition in Mexico.Materials and Methods25 Maya girls aged 7 to 9 from Merida, Mexico using ELISAs to measure salivary DHEA‐S, standard anthropometry for height, weight, and skinfolds, bioelectrical impedance for body composition variables, as well as a food frequency questionnaire for dietary information.ResultsOur hypothesis was rejected—adrenarche occurred close to 9 years. While no measures of body composition were significantly associated with adrenarcheal status, girls eating meat and dairy products more frequently had significantly higher DHEA‐S levels.DiscussionLike other populations living in ecologically challenging environments, adrenarche occurred relatively late among Maya girls. Adrenarche has been linked to measures of body composition, particularly, the adiposity or body mass index rebound, but no relevant anthropometric measures were associated, possibly because of the small sample.ConclusionFurther studies are required to illuminate how adrenarcheal variation relates to developmental plasticity, body composition, pubertal progression, and animal product consumption in other transitional populations.
A new hybrid method for two dimensional nonlinear variable order fractional optimal control problems
Authors: Hassani Hossein , Avazzadeh Zakieh , Tenreiro Machado José António , Naraghirad Eskandar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an efficient operational matrix method for two dimensional nonlinear variable order fractional optimal control problems (2D‐NVOFOCP). These problems include the nonlinear variable order fractional dynamical systems (NVOFDS) described by partial differential equations such as the diffusion‐wave, convection‐diffusion‐wave and Klein‐Gordon equations. The variable order fractional derivative is defined in the Caputo type. The proposed hybrid method is based on the transcendental Bernstein series (TBS) and the generalized shifted Chebyshev polynomials (GSCP). The new operational matrices of derivatives are generated for the mentioned polynomials. The state and control functions are expressed by the TBS and GSCP with free coefficients and control parameters. These expansions are substituted in the performance index and the resulting operational matrices are employed to extract algebraic equations from the approximated NVOFDS. The constrained extremum is obtained by coupling the algebraic constraints from the dynamical system and the initial and boundary conditions with the algebraic equation extracted from the performance index by means of a set of unknown Lagrange multipliers. The convergence analysis is discussed and several numerical experiments illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
Simultaneous determination of eight bioactive components in Marsdenia tenacissima extract in rat plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application in a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Li SiYu , Pei Wen Han , Zhang Hui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs a traditional Chinese medicine, Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn. plays an indispensable role in clinical practice owing to its specific efficacy in treating malignant tumors, leukocythemia, cystitis and asthma. This study aimed to establish a novel and scientific LC–MS/MS approach to simultaneously determine tenacissoside B, H, G and I, caffeic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid from M. tenacissima extract within the rat plasma samples. Digoxin was used as the internal reference. All determinations were carried out using the Eclipse Plus C18 column, and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) was used as the mobile phase A, while acetonitrile was the mobile phase B for gradient elution. The UPLC methods were validated, including calibration curves, accuracy, precision, stability and recovery of the total eight analytes, in accordance with the requirements for biopharmaceutical analysis. Moreover, the proposed approach was also used in comprehensive pharmacokinetic research on those eight analytes in rats following M. tenacissima extract gavage. According to the pharmacokinetic parameters, tenacissoside B, I, H and G are the long‐acting and primary bioactive constituents in M. tenacissima extract, with long mean residence times and high concentrations. Our findings shed light on the absorption mechanism and provide significant information for the clinical application of M. tenacissima.