bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calf circumference and risk of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Hsiang Chih‐Hsuan , Wu Chen‐Jung , Kao Tung‐Wei , Chen Wei‐Liang 
Published: October 2020

AimCalf circumference (CC) is an anthropometric parameter that is easily obtained. Increasingly, research has shown that CC related to cardiovascular events. We aimed to determine the correlation between CC and Framingham risk score (FRS) for the 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk assessment in Taiwanese elderly aged ≥65 years.MethodsWe included 540 men and 683 women aged ≥65 years. All participants and data were collected from geriatric physical screenings in Tri‐Service General Hospital in Taiwan during 2017. The correlation between CC and FRS‐coronary heart disease (CHD) were calculated. We used multivariate regression models to investigate the correlation between CC and FRS‐CHD. Covariate adjustments were investigated by performing an extended model.ResultsA significantly negative association was observed between FRS‐CHD and CC in both genders in both models (all P < 0.05). Male and female participants were divided into quartiles at the CC level (Q1–Q4) and we compared their baseline characteristics separately. We further explored the association between CC divided in quartiles and the FRS‐CHD, which exhibited a significant negative correlation comparing the largest quartiles with the first quartile in a fully adjusted model in both genders (P < 0.05). In addition, the higher quartiles of CC seemed to have a lower FRS‐CHD with statistical significance (P for trend <0.05).DiscussionCC had a strongly negative correlation with FRS‐CHD in both genders. In the future, CC might be an applicable tool in geriatric research in Taiwan for the early detection of developing cardiovascular events. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 1133–1137.
Migraine and Headache Care in the Republic of Ireland: History and a Vision for the Future Influenced by the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Tomkins Esther , Craven Audrey , Ruttledge Martin 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe care and management of migraine/headache patients in the Republic of Ireland over the last 25 years are summarized in this article.MethodsCollaboration between voluntary patient organizations (the Migraine Association of Ireland or MAI), primary care services, and hospital/community shared healthcare professionals (most notably the headache specialist nurse), is highlighted as one of the key features of this management strategy in an underfunded and under‐resourced public healthcare system.ConclusionThe migraine/headache community in Ireland is small, but they have been dedicated in their commitment to improving care for their patients for more than 2 decades. As a result, they have been successful in recent years, both nationally and internationally, in terms of financial funding and support for their multidisciplinary and collaborative approach.
Rib histology after unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation in infants suffering sudden death from natural causes; implications for injury mechanism and timing
Authors: James Ryk 
Published: October 2020

AimsTo describe whether haemorrhage into the fracture gap, bone marrow, or periosteum, and loss of osteocyte nuclei from infant rib fracture margins, are true markers of vitality or may be seen solely as a consequence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts.Methods and resultsA description is provided of histological findings in sampled rib fractures in a retrospective consecutive series of infants, aged 1 month to 1 year, who suffered sudden death. All had undergone cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and were investigated by use of skeletal survey, whole body computed tomography (CT), and invasive postmortem (PM). There was no suspicion of child abuse. 15 infants were studied, 9 of whom had anterior/anterolateral rib fractures; slides were available with consent for use in seven. Skeletal survey identified no fractures. CT and PM showed 46 fractures, 27 of which were examined histologically. Marrow cavity haemorrhage> 2 mm in diameter was seen in 55% of fractures; easily identifiable red cells were seen in the fracture gap in 36%, and beneath the periosteum in 36%. Loss of intact osteocytes from lacunae in bone fragments at the fracture margins relative to distant areas was obvious in 50% of fractures.ConclusionsAnterior rib fractures, visible on CT and histologically, are common after CPR in infants. Empty lacunae and bleeding into the fracture gap, into the marrow cavity and beneath the periosteum are all frequent in CPR‐related infant rib fractures, and should not be used to discriminate between true in‐vivo injury and perimortem injury.
Long‐term trends in the survival rates of adult female Common EiderSomateria mollissimaat three colonies in Iceland
Authors: Wood Kevin A. , Thorstensen Sverrir , Lúðvíksson Smári J. , Brides Kane , Petersen Aevar 
Published: October 2020

Identifying temporal and spatial patterns in demography is critical to understanding long‐term fluctuations in population size. Common EiderSomateria mollissimanumbers have shown a long‐term decline, resulting in the species being uplisted in 2015 to ‘Endangered’ within European Union countries. Obtaining improved estimates of survival rates of Common Eiders (and other seaducks) has been identified as a priority to improve our understanding of the demographic causes of the observed global decreases in population size and to inform conservation efforts. In this study, we used long‐term (1982–2017) mark–recovery data on 3018 individuals from three breeding colonies in Iceland to quantify the spatial and temporal variation in the annual true survival rates of adult female Common Eider. Model comparison using an information‐theoretic approach indicated that true survival and recovery rates varied between years and colonies but showed no consistent temporal pattern across the three colonies. Geometric mean (± se) annual true survival across our three breeding colonies was 0.916 ± 0.017 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.819–0.961), with a mean life expectancy of 11.8 years (95% CI 5.4–25.2). Our survival estimates were relatively high compared with those reported previously for many other Common Eider populations, which may reflect their protected status, low predation pressure and high food availability on Iceland and its surrounding waters. Our findings provide spatially and temporally explicit demographic information needed to help conservationists understand the local and global declines in Common Eider populations.
A meta‐analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 patients identifies the combinatorial significance of D‐dimer, C‐reactive protein, lymphocyte, and neutrophil values as a predictor of disease severity
Authors: Singh Kunwar , Mittal Sasha , Gollapudi Sumanth , Butzmann Alexandra , Kumar Jyoti , Ohgami Robert S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), known to be the causative agent of COVID‐19, has led to a worldwide pandemic. At presentation, individual clinical laboratory blood values, such as lymphocyte counts or C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, may be abnormal and associated with disease severity. However, combinatorial interpretation of these laboratory blood values, in the context of COVID‐19, remains a challenge.MethodsTo assess the significance of multiple laboratory blood values in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 and develop a COVID‐19 predictive equation, we conducted a literature search using PubMed to seek articles that included defined laboratory data points along with clinical disease progression. We identified 9846 papers, selecting primary studies with at least 20 patients for univariate analysis to identify clinical variables predicting nonsevere and severe COVID‐19 cases. Multiple regression analysis was performed on a training set of patient studies to generate severity predictor equations, and subsequently tested on a validation cohort of 151 patients who had a median duration of observation of 14 days.ResultsTwo COVID‐19 predictive equations were generated: one using four variables (CRP, D‐dimer levels, lymphocyte count, and neutrophil count), and another using three variables (CRP, lymphocyte count, and neutrophil count). In adult and pediatric populations, the predictive equations exhibited high specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values.ConclusionUsing the generated equations, the outcomes of COVID‐19 patients can be predicted using commonly obtained clinical laboratory data. These predictive equations may inform future studies evaluating the long‐term follow‐up of COVID‐19 patients.
Genetic transformation of mosquitoes by microparticle bombardment
Authors: Lule‐Chávez A. N. , Carballar‐Lejarazú R. , Cabrera‐Ponce J. L. , Lanz‐Mendoza H. , Ibarra J. E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMosquitoes constitute the major living beings causing human deaths in the world. They are vectors of malaria, yellow fever, dengue, zika, filariases, chikungunya, among other diseases. New strategies to control/eradicate mosquito populations are based on newly developed genetic manipulation techniques. However, genetic transformation of mosquitoes is a major technical bottleneck due to low efficiency, the need of sophisticated equipment, and highly trained personnel. The present report shows the transgenerational genetic transformation of Aedes aegypti, using the particle inflow gun (PIG), by integrating the ecfp gene in the AAEL000582 mosquito gene with the CRISPR‐Cas9 technique, achieving a mean efficiency of 44.5% of bombarded individuals (G0) that showed ECFP expression in their tissues, and a mean of 28.5% transformation efficiency measured on G1 individuals. The same transformation technique was used to integrate the egfp/scorpine genes cloned in the Minos transposon pMinHygeGFP into the Anopheles albimanus genome, achieving a mean efficiency of 43.25% of bombarded individuals (G0) that showed EGFP expression in their tissues. Once the technique was standardized, transformation of Ae. aegypti neonate larvae and An. albimanus eggs was achieved when exposed to gold microparticle bombardment. Integration of genes and heterologous protein expression were confirmed by PCR, sequencing, fluorescent microscopy, mass spectrometry, Western blot and dot blot analyses. Transgenerational inheritance of the transgenes was observed only on Ae. aegypti, as all transformed An. albimanus individuals died at the pupal stage of the G0 generation.
An effective two‐level solution approach for the prize‐collecting generalized minimum spanning tree problem by iterated local search
Authors: Contreras‐Bolton Carlos , Parada Víctor 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe prize‐collecting generalized minimum spanning tree problem consists of finding a minimum cost spanning tree in an undirected graph, considering that the vertices are divided into clusters, that there is a nonnegative cost associated with each edge, that there is a prize to be collected on each vertex, and that only one vertex of each cluster belongs to the tree. Due to its NP‐hardness, this problem remains a computational challenge even for small instances, and the practical applications that arise in telecommunication networks can attain large dimensions. The state‐of‐the‐art algorithm finds good solutions for several instances; however, the quality of solutions and the computing time for large instances remain to be improved. We propose an iterated local search algorithm that works on a two‐level solution approach, taking advantage of the structure of the problem. The first‐level subproblem aims to select a vertex for each cluster, and the second‐level subproblem addresses the determination of the minimum spanning tree covering such vertices. The performance of the resulting algorithm is evaluated with the most challenging instances from the literature, comparing the results with the state‐of‐the‐art algorithm. The computational experiment conducted shows that, both in existing instances and in a new group of instances presented in this paper, the proposed algorithm outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art algorithm.
Assessing the prediction uncertainty in a route optimization model for autonomous maritime logistics
Authors: Maskooki Alaleh , Virjonen Petra , Kallio Markku 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnmanned operations and automation in modern industry create complex everyday problems, which require algorithmic thinking and creativity. Development of risk assessment methods is critical for the future of this business segment. To provide decision support for the management of an autonomous emission control boat, we begin by proposing a k‐Nearest‐Neighbours (k‐NN)‐based trajectory prediction method. This is employed in a bi‐objective routing problem of finding a Hamiltonian circuit in a dynamic network defined by predicted locations of ships over time. The objectives are maximizing the number of measurement tasks to be done and minimizing the corresponding total travel distance of the emission control boat. To evaluate the impact of trajectory prediction uncertainty on Pareto‐optimal itineraries, we propose a risk measure in a mean‐risk framework. The risk is defined based on an expected shortfall when implementation of an efficient itinerary under the predicted trajectories needs rescheduling based on realized trajectories. The risk measure helps the decision maker to evaluate choice alternatives among efficient itineraries under predicted trajectories and to make a balanced risk‐adjusted decision. We show how historical data is employed in integer linear programming for the estimation of such risk measure. Empirical results demonstrate such estimation.
Crowdsourcing contests with entry cost
Authors: Tian Xu , Bi Gongbing , Shen Xiaobei , Liu Lindong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractToday, companies can seek solutions to business problems by sponsoring cocreation activities such as crowdsourcing contests. This paper studies a crowdsourcing contest in which a sponsor seeks solutions from a number of independent contestants. Specifically, we reveal how the number of contestants affects the expected effort and maximum quality in a crowdsourcing contest. First, we show that an effort‐decreasing effect exists for any number of winners when there are a number of contestants, while an effort‐increasing effect may occur when there are relatively few contestants. Second, we find that the expected maximum quality at most concavely increases with the number of contestants. Finally, we extend the analysis to the case with a flexible number of contributors. Our results imply that a restricted‐entry policy should be adopted if the entry cost is considered, which is not observed in the prior literature.
Nursing students’ resilience, depression, well‐being, and academic distress: Testing a moderated mediation model
Authors: Mcdermott Ryon C. , Fruh Sharon M. , Williams Susan , Hauff Caitlyn , Graves Rebecca J. , Melnyk Bernadette M. , Hall Heather R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimAcademic distress is a leading cause of attrition among nursing students. The present study tested a positive psychology‐oriented model detailing the potential links between nursing students’: (a) psychological resilience; (b) depressive symptoms; (c) intrapersonal well‐being; (d) interpersonal well‐being; and (e) academic distress. Additionally, we tested whether the academic benefits of resilience were conditional upon nursing students’ perceptions of their campus climate as supportive of mental health and well‐being.DesignA correlational, cross‐sectional design was employed.MethodNursing students (N = 933) were selected from the national 2017–2018 Healthy Minds Study (HMS). Students completed measures of resilience, depressive symptoms, intrapersonal well‐being (flourishing), interpersonal well‐being (belonging), and academic distress.ResultsConditional process modelling tested depression, belonging, and flourishing as mediators of the associations between resilience and academic distress variables. Furthermore, perceptions of campus climate were included as potential moderators of these mediation effects. Results indicated that the protective academic benefits of resilience were primarily explained by decreases in depression but that this effect was strongest for nursing students with negative perceptions of their campus climate.ConclusionFindings highlight the psychological and academic benefits of greater resilience and the moderated mediation results suggest that such benefits were conditional on the broader campus climate.ImpactNurse educators and policymakers should consider addressing contextual factors, such as campus climate, in addition to resilience training in their efforts to reduce the negative academic impacts of mental health problems and stress in nursing school.
Peer support among parents of children with congenital heart defects: A qualitative analysis of written responses submitted via an online survey
Authors: Carlsson Tommy , Klarare Anna , Mattsson Elisabet 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo explore experiences of peer support among parents of children with congenital heart defects.DesignA study analysing written responses to open‐ended questions about peer support, collected via an online survey distributed in Sweden.MethodsRespondents were recruited during 3 months in 2018 by means of convenience sampling, through ads via the Swedish foundation for families with children who have heart defects and two closed Facebook groups for peer support. An online survey containing open‐ended questions was distributed and responses were analysed with systematic text condensation.ResultsPeer support was grounded in a mutual understanding among parents and involved highly appreciated emotional support. Listening to the stories of peers meant an opportunity to gain useful insights about what life is like for parents of children with heart defects. Receiving and providing peer support was described as rewarding on a personal level. Negative aspects of peer support were also described, which sometimes led to psychological distress and withdrawal from peer support activities.ConclusionPeer support is emotionally relieving and appreciated among parents of children with congenital heart defects, who consider providing the support a rewarding responsibility. While peer support activities may have considerable benefits for individuals, it may also lead to psychological distress for some.ImpactThis study addressed peer support among parents of children with congenital heart defects. The main findings illustrate the potential impact peer support can have on individuals and calls attention to the experienced benefits related to peer support activities, while also providing some insights regarding potential negative aspects. The findings have relevance for nurses, midwives, and other health professionals working in settings providing care for these families.
The relative risk of developing type 2 diabetes among individuals with prediabetes compared with individuals with normoglycaemia: Meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Authors: Xu Xin Yi , Leung Angela Yee Man , Smith Robert , Wong Janet Yuen Ha , Chau Pui Hing , Fong Daniel Yee Tak 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess the overall relative risk of diabetes in individuals with prediabetes based on updated diagnostic criteria, as compared with individuals with normoglycaemia; and to identify the study characteristics associated with the heterogeneity between studies.DesignMeta‐analysis, meta‐regression.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL, British Nursing Index. Search time frame: December 1998–December 2018.Review MethodsThe pooled relative risk of developing diabetes among individuals with prediabetes compared with those with normoglycaemia was calculated under a random effects model. Studies reported the natural progression from prediabetes to diabetes were included in this review. Sources of study heterogeneity were examined by a meta‐regression.ResultsFifty‐nine eligible studies were systematically identified. The pooled relative risk for diabetes among individuals with prediabetes as compared with normoglycaemia was 5.88 (95% CI: 5.02‐6.89). The annualized incidence rate (per 1,000 person‐year) for diabetes among individuals with prediabetes defined by different criteria varied from 2.20–212.15, with high heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 96.64%, Q test: p < .001). In the multivariable meta‐regression analysis, Asian population significantly increased RR compare to Caucasians. Besides, people with ‘elevated glycated haemoglobin A1c or impaired fasting glucose’ had highest relative risk compare to people with other types of prediabetes.ConclusionIndividuals with prediabetes had higher risk of developing diabetes than those with normoglycaemia. Races and diagnostic criteria of prediabetes were associated with the magnitude of the estimated risk.ImpactPrediabetes is a precursor of diabetes. To screen people with prediabetes as early as possible, practitioners could consider haemoglobin A1c test as an alternative to fasting plasma glucose test. Nurses should educate people especially Asians with prediabetes for the prevention of progression to diabetes.
Effectiveness of a Diabetes Education Program based on Tailored interventions and Theory of Planned Behaviour: Cluster randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Caro‐Bautista Jorge , Villa‐Estrada Francisca , Gómez‐González Alberto , Lupiáñez‐Pérez Inmaculada , Morilla‐Herrera Juan Carlos , Kaknani‐Uttumchandani Shakira , García‐Mayor Silvia , Morales‐Asencio José Miguel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo measure the Effectiveness of a Diabetes Education Program for people with T2DM, based on Tailored interventions and the Theory of Planned Behaviour.DesignCluster randomized controlled clinical trial.MethodsThis multicentre study will be carried out at 30 primary healthcare centres, where 436 persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), aged between 18–75 years, will be recruited. The experimental educational program to be applied is modelled using components obtained from a systematic review and prior qualitative analysis. In addition, a taxonomy of nursing practice is used to standardize the program, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour as a conceptual model. The intervention will be carried out by community nurses, using ADAPP‐Ti®, an application developed with FileMaker Pro v.18. The control group will receive usual care and data will be collected at 6, 12, and 18 months, for both groups. The primary outcome considered will be glycosylated haemoglobin and cardiovascular factors, while the secondary ones will be tobacco consumption, body mass index, barriers to self‐care, health‐related quality of life, and lifestyle modification. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Province of Malaga (Spain) in November 2014.DiscussionThe degree of metabolic control in T2DM is not always associated with healthy lifestyles and significant levels of medication are often prescribed to achieve clinical objectives. An intervention focused on needs, based on the best available evidence and a solid conceptual framework, might successfully consolidate appropriate self‐care behaviour in this population.ImpactThe study will result in the publication of an educational program featuring well‐defined interventions and activities that will enable clinicians to tailor health care to the individual's needs and to combat treatment inertia in attending this population.