bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections in a Cohort of Adult Home Parenteral Nutrition Patients
Authors: Xue Zhigang , Coughlin Rachel , Amorosa Valerianna , Quinn Ryan , Schiavone Phyllis , Stoner Nancy , Kinosian Bruce , Compher Charlene 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCentral line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is a potentially life‐threatening complication in home parenteral nutrition (HPN) patients. We investigated potential predictors of CLABSI in a cohort of adult HPN patientsMethodsPatients managed by the HPN service at the Hospital of University of Pennsylvania on January 1, 2018, were included and followed through June 30, 2019, using existing medical records to collect demographic and clinical data. CLABSIs were adjudicated prospectively by infectious disease experts. Variables with P ≤ .2, when comparing patients with CLABSIs and those without, were included in logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 114 patients, mean age was 54 ± 16 years, 78/114 were female, and BMI was 25 ± 5.6. Median experience with HPN was 516 days (range, 15–10,281), and 30 had prior CLABSI. Catheter types were peripherally inserted central catheters (83/114), tunneled (27), and implanted (4). The incidence of CLABSI was 0.89 per 1000 catheter days. One multivariate model identified ostomy/wound (odds ratio [OR], 22.0; 95% CI, 4.8–101.7), tunneled/implanted catheter (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.4–13.9), and BMI < 18.5 (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 1.4–24.2) as predictors of CLABSI. A second model identified patients with 2 potential predictors (OR, 22.9; 95% CI, 5.6–93.5) and tunneled/implanted catheter (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 2.1–21.8) at high risk of CLABSI. Whether CLABSIrates might be reduced by more intense training in wound or catheter care (especially for those with multiple predictors), different types of catheters, or rapid treatment of malnutrition will require further study.
Ultrasound for pectinase modification: an investigation into potential mechanisms
Authors: Ma Xiaobin , Cai Jingwen , Liu Donghong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDToday, ultrasound is increasingly utilized in enzyme modification. Strongly dependent on the specific operational conditions, the modification effect brought by ultrasound can be activation and inactivation of enzymes. This work aims to study the ultrasound mechanisms under different conditions, to investigate the respective roles of free radical effect and mechanical effect in pectinase activation and inactivation, and to reveal the influence of pectinase concentration on the ultrasound‐modification effect.RESULTSWhen ultrasound was introduced to a liquid system, generation of free radicals was positively correlated with ultrasound intensity and treatment duration, but negatively correlated with temperature. Thiourea with a concentration of 4 mmol L–1 was selected as a free radical scavenger to effectively shield ultrasound free radicals. The highest enzyme activity of pectinase solutions at 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mg mL−1 was obtained at the same ultrasound intensity of 4.50 W mL−1 and time of 15 min, where the enzyme activity was increased by 68.24%, 20.98% and 18.83%, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of thiourea enhanced the enzyme activity at each tested ultrasound intensity and time, especially those exceeding the best conditions; it also eliminated the redshift phenomenon that was previously presented in the fluorescence spectra of pectinase samples.CONCLUSIONPectinase concentrations did not change the optimum ultrasound conditions for enzyme modification, but pectinase with a low concentration was more vulnerable to ultrasound treatment. During modification, ultrasound mechanical effects dominated in the pectinase activation, while free radical effects dominated in the inactivation process. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Differentiating Westlake Longjing tea from the first‐ and second‐grade producing regions using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry‐based untargeted metabolomics in combination with chemometrics
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Yu‐Ying , Liu Zhi , Zhang Yue‐Ming , Lu Ning , Hai Guo‐Qing , Shao Sheng‐Zhi , Zheng Qing‐Xia , Zhang Xia , Fu Hai‐Yan , Bai Chang‐Cai , Yu Yong‐Jie , She Yuanbin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere are numerous articles published for geographical discrimination of tea. However, few research works focused on the authentication and traceability of Westlake Longjing green tea from the first‐ and second‐grade producing regions because the tea trees are planted in a limited growing zone with identical cultivate condition. In this work, a comprehensive analytical strategy was proposed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry‐based untargeted metabolomics coupled with chemometrics. The automatic untargeted data analysis strategy was introduced to screen metabolites that expressed significantly among different regions. Chromatographic features of metabolites can be automatically and efficiently extracted and registered. Meanwhile, those that were valuable for geographical origin discrimination were screened based on statistical analysis and contents in samples. Metabolite identification was performed based on high‐resolution mass values and tandem mass spectra of screened peaks. Twenty metabolites were identified, based on which the two‐way encoding partial least squares discrimination analysis was built for geographical origin prediction. Monte Caro simulation results indicated that prediction accuracy was up to 99%. Our strategy can be applicable for practical applications in the quality control of Westlake Longjing green tea.
Ultrasound Findings of Breast Adenomas
Authors: Macedo Miguel , Bassaganyas Clara , Ganau Sergi , Sanfeliu Esther , Ubeda Belen , Bargallo Xavier 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesBreast adenomas are rare benign tumors. The aim of this study was to describe the ultrasound findings of breast adenomas, including less common worrisome features that can mimic malignancy.MethodsFrom November 2014 to November 2019, we performed 1605 core needle biopsies guided by ultrasound in our department. In all, 229 corresponded to fibroadenomas and 12 to breast adenomas.ResultsBreast adenomas represented 0.75% of all core needle biopsies; 50% (6 of 12) were tubular adenomas; 17% (2 of 12) were ductal adenomas; and 33% (4 of 12) were lactating adenomas. Tubular and lactating adenomas occurred in young women and ductal adenomas in postmenopausal women. Lactating adenomas occurred in pregnant or breastfeeding women and were larger than the other adenomas. Ultrasound showed a mass with an oval shape, a parallel orientation, circumscribed margins, and hypoechoic and homogeneous patterns in most cases. However, up to one‐third of them presented with suspicious findings.ConclusionsBreast adenomas are rare benign entities with no specific clinical and radiologic features. Sometimes, they appear as suspicious tumors on radiologic modalities, requiring a histopathologic assessment to rule out malignancy. Radiologists need to be familiar with this entity to determine concordance between imaging and the final pathologic analysis.
Nasal Peak Inspiratory Flow in Healthy and Obstructed Patients: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mo Shirley , Gupta Sai S. , Stroud Anna , Strazdins Erika , Hamizan Aneeza W. , Rimmer Janet , Alvarado Raquel , Kalish Larry , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesNasal peak inspiratory flow (NPIF) is a practical and affordable tool that measures maximum inspiratory flow rate through both nostrils. Although NPIF values for healthy controls and patients appear to differ considerably, a generally expected value for populations with and without nasal obstruction has yet to be established. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine the mean NPIF value in populations with and without nasal obstruction.MethodsMedline (1946–) and Embase (1947–) were searched until July 1, 2017. A search strategy was used to identify studies that reported NPIF values for defined healthy or disease states. All studies providing original data were included. The study population was defined as having either normal nasal breathing or nasal obstruction. A meta‐analysis of the mean data was presented in forest plots, and data were presented as mean (95% confidence interval [CI]).ResultsThe search yielded 1,526 studies, of which 29 were included. The included studies involved 1,634 subjects with normal nasal breathing and 817 subjects with nasal obstruction. The mean NPIF value for populations with normal nasal breathing was 138.4 (95% CI: 127.9‐148.8) L/min. The mean value for populations with nasal obstruction was 97.5 (95% CI: 86.1‐108.8) L/min.ConclusionsCurrent evidence confirms a difference between mean NPIF values of populations with and without nasal obstruction. The mean value of subjects with no nasal obstruction is 138.4 L/min, and the mean value of nasally obstructed populations is 97.5 L/min. Prospective studies adopting a standardized procedure are required to further assess normative NPIF values. Laryngoscope, 131:260–267, 2021
Quantification of isoprene in coastal ecosystems by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using cumulative headspace injections
Authors: Hrebien Victoria , Deschaseaux Elisabeth , Eickhoff William , Swan Hilton B. , Eyre Bradley D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIsoprene is a biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC), which is predominantly emitted by terrestrial plants but also from marine systems. However, the marine contribution to isoprene emissions is less understood due to the difficulty of measuring trace concentrations in seawater. Previous methods using “purge and trap” coupled with flame ionization detection and/or chemiluminescence have been developed, although these methods have limitations including large sample sizes, excessive manipulation, and potential interference from other BVOCs. These limitations could lead to overestimations or sample loss due to the high volatility and reactivity of isoprene. Here, we present an improved method for measuring isoprene in coastal marine ecosystems with elevated isoprene concentrations using cumulative headspace injection coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Sampling technique, preservation, and analytical conditions were tested and optimized using an analytical cycle time of 13 min. The analytical precision was 2.6% (n = 7), limit of detection was 15 pM, limit of quantification was 285 pM, accuracy based on recovery was 79% ± 2.8%, and reproducibility yielded a coefficient of variation of 15%. This method provides an improved way to measure isoprene from seawater using a simple sampling technique and fast, automated analysis, reducing isoprene loss through sample manipulation, and human error. This method meets analytical requirements to accurately measure isoprene at pM concentrations, which are typical of tropical coastal marine habitats. This method can also be adapted to measure other BVOCs in seawater such as dimethyl sulfide, providing a versatile method for marine research.
5‐Heptadecylresorcinol, a Biomarker for Whole Grain Rye Consumption, Ameliorates Cognitive Impairments and Neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Yu , Wang Ziyuan , Hao Yiming , Bai Wanzhu , Wang Zongwei , Wang Jing 
Published: May 2020

Scope5‐heptadecylresorcinol (AR‐C17) is a biomarker for whole grain rye consumption, which is also an important active component with potential health benefits. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of AR‐C17 on cognitive deficits in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/PS1 transgenic mice.Methods and resultsCognitive function is evaluated using Morris water maze test. The result shows that oral administration of AR‐C17 (150 mg kg−1 day−1) for 5 months can ameliorate APP/PS1 transgenic mice memory impairment and improve learning ability. Moreover, AR‐C17 treatment can notably reduce β‐amyloid plaques accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation while enhancing a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10), postsynaptic density protein‐95 (PSD‐95), and synaptophysin protein expression in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Furthermore, AR‐C17 treatment reduces neuroinflammation by inhibiting microglial activation and astrogliosis as well as decreasing NOD‐like receptor family, pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome‐mediated IL‐1β production and activating the sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)/superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) signaling pathway. Additionally, AR‐C17 consumption significantly modulated gut dysbiosis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice through improving the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Lactobacillus while reducing the abundance of Clostridium and Desulfovibr according to16S rRNA analysis.ConclusionAR‐C17 can be applied as a potential functional food ingredient to ameliorate cognitive impairments and prevent Alzheimer's disease.
Increasing Doses of Blueberry Polyphenols Alters Colonic Metabolism and Calcium Absorption in Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Cladis Dennis P. , Debelo Hawi , Lachcik Pamela J. , Ferruzzi Mario G. , Weaver Connie M. 
Published: May 2020

ScopeBlueberries are rich sources of bioactive polyphenols that may provide health benefits when consumed regularly, leading to their increased marketing as dietary supplements. However, the metabolic changes associated with consuming concentrated doses of purified polyphenols, as may be present in dietary supplements, are unknown, especially when considering the colonic metabolites formed. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of high doses of purified blueberry polyphenols.Methods and results5‐month old, ovariectomized Sprague‐Dawley rats are acutely dosed with purified blueberry polyphenols (0, 75, 350, and 1000 mg total polyphenols per kg body weight (bw)) and45Ca to measure calcium absorption. Blood and urine are collected for 48 h after dosing and phenolic metabolites measured via ultra high‐pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). The most prominent metabolites are colonically generated cinnamic and hippuric acids. Smaller amounts of other phenolic acids, flavonols, and anthocyanins are also detected. Most metabolites follow a dose–response relationship, though several show saturated absorption. Maximal metabolite concentrations are reached within 12 h for a majority of compounds measured, while some (e.g., hippuric acid) peaked up to 24 h post‐dosing. Calcium absorption is significantly increased in the highest dose group (p= 0.03).ConclusionThese results indicate that increased doses of blueberry polyphenols induce changes in intestinal phenolic metabolism and increase calcium absorption.
Evaluating the biologically effective dose (BED) concept using a dynamic tumor simulation model
Authors: Dahlman Erik L. , Watanabe Yoichi 
Published: May 2020

PurposeTo evaluate three different formulae for calculating the biologically effective dose (BED) by use of a multipopulation reaction–diffusion simulation to determine whether these formulae produce equivalent effects for different treatment regimes.MethodsThe standard BED formula, BEDs, was updated to account both for spacial nonuniformity in dose and for cellular regrowth between fractions, by creating two new formulae: BEDϕ and BEDϕT. These BED formulae were used to calculate dose per fraction values for two, three, and five fraction treatments and to compare the tumor volumes of those treatments to those of a single fraction. A spherical tumor model based on the reaction–diffusion equation was used to calculate the final volume of each tumor 185 days after the delivery of the first fraction. The percent difference in volume between single‐fraction and multiple‐fraction treatments was used as a measure to test the accuracy of each BED formula.ResultsPercent differences in volume between single‐ and multiple‐fraction treatment regimes varied up to approximately 18.5% if the dose per fraction was calculated using BEDs but the delivered dose was nonuniform. Proper application of spacial nonuniformity in dose and tumor regrowth correction factors modified the dose per fraction values by no more than 5%, but resulted in the improvement of simulated tumor volumes down to around 2% or lower difference in volume.ConclusionsTreatment regimes with the same BED value should have the same effect. However, small changes in the dose per fraction delivered in multiple‐fraction treatments can have a large effect on the tumor volume of a treatment when the dose is delivered nonuniformly or when tumor regrowth between fractions is ignored. Inclusion of these correction factors is important for the underlying assumption that treatments with equal BED will have equal effects on the clinically observed tumor volume.
Measuring mentalizing: A comparison of scoring methods for the hinting task
Authors: Klein Hans S. , Springfield Cassi R. , Bass Emily , Ludwig Kelsey , Penn David L. , Harvey Philip D. , Pinkham Amy E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe Social Cognition Psychometric Evaluation (SCOPE) study supported the utility and practicality of the Hinting task as a measure of social cognition/mentalizing in clinical trials, specifically with the SCOPE authors' stringent scoring system. However, it remains unclear whether the SCOPE scoring system is necessary for the task to be judged as psychometrically sound.MethodIndependent raters rescored data from the three phases of SCOPE using the Hinting task's original scoring criteria. Psychometric properties of the task when scored with the original criteria versus more stringent SCOPE criteria were compared in a large sample of individuals with chronic schizophrenia (n = 397) and matched controls (n = 300) as well as a smaller sample of individuals with early psychosis (n = 38) and controls (n = 39).ResultsIn both samples, SCOPE criteria resulted in lowered average scores and reduced ceiling effects. Further, revised scoring resulted in strengthened relationships between the hinting task and outcome measures in the chronic sample, and better differentiated early psychosis patients from controls. Conversely, test‐retest reliability and internal consistency estimates were not improved using revised scoring and remained suboptimal, particularly for healthy controls.ConclusionOverall, SCOPE scoring criteria improved some psychometric properties and clinical utility, suggesting that these criteria should be considered for implementation.
Whole brain snapshot CEST at 3T using 3D‐EPI: Aiming for speed, volume, and homogeneity
Authors: Mueller Sebastian , Stirnberg Rüdiger , Akbey Suzan , Ehses Philipp , Scheffler Klaus , Stöcker Tony , Zaiss Moritz 
Published: May 2020

PurposeCEST MRI enables imaging of distributions of low‐concentrated metabolites as well as proteins and peptides and their alterations in diseases. CEST examinations often suffer from low spatial resolution, long acquisition times, and concomitant motion artifacts. This work aims to maximize both resolution and volume coverage with a 3D‐EPI snapshot CEST approach at 3T, allowing for fast and robust whole‐brain CEST MRI.MethodsResolution and temporal SNR of 3D‐EPI examinations with nonselective excitation were optimized at a clinical 3T MR scanner in five healthy subjects using a clinical head/neck coil. A CEST presaturation module for low power relayed nuclear Overhauser enhancement and amide proton transfer contrast was applied as an example. The suggested postprocessing included motion correction, dynamic B0correction, denoising, and B1correction and was compared to an established 3D‐gradient echo‐based sequence.ResultsCEST examinations were performed at 1.8 mm nominal isotropic resolution in 4.3 s per presaturation offset. In contrast to slab‐selective 3D or multislice approaches, the whole brain was covered. Repeated examinations at three different B1values took 13 minutes for 58 presaturation offsets with temporal SNR around 75. The resulting CEST effects revealed significant gray and white matter contrast and were of similar quality across the whole brain. Coefficient of variation across three healthy subjects was below 9%.ConclusionThe suggested protocol enables whole brain coverage at 1.8 mm isotropic resolution and fast acquisition of 4.3 s per presaturation offset. For the fitted CEST amplitudes, high reproducibility was proven, increasing the opportunities of quantitative CEST investigations at 3T significantly.
MR fingerprinting for rapid simultaneous T1, T2, and T1ρ relaxation mapping of the human articular cartilage at 3T
Authors: Sharafi Azadeh , Zibetti Marcelo V. W. , Chang Gregory , Cloos Martijn , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeTo implement a novel technique for simultaneous, quantitative multiparametric mapping of the knee articular cartilage.MethodsA novel MR fingerprinting pulse sequence is proposed and implemented for simultaneous measurements of proton density, T1, T2, and T1ρ relaxation times at 3T. The repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed technique were assessed in model phantoms. Institutional review board‐approved MR fingerprinting imaging sequence was performed on healthy volunteers and patients with mild knee osteoarthritis. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare healthy controls and patients. The intra‐ and intersubject repeatability were assessed with coefficient of variation and the RMS coefficient of variation, respectivelyResultsThe Bland‐Altman plots demonstrated an average difference of 4.67 ms, −0.09 ms, and 0.05 ms between 2 scans in the same scanner; and 9.68 ms, 0.29 ms, and −0.72 ms between the scans acquired on 2 different scanners for T1, T2, and T1ρ, respectively. The in vivo knee study showed excellent repeatability with RMS coefficient of variation less than 3%, 6%, and 5% for T1, T2, and T1ρ, respectively. The Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference between control and mild osteoarthritis patients for T1 (P = .04), T2 (P = .01), and T1ρ (P = .02) relaxation time in medial tibial cartilage, as well as for T2 relaxation time (P = .02) in medial femoral cartilage.ConclusionThe proposed MRF sequence is fast and can simultaneously measure the T1, T2, T1ρ, and
maps in a single scan. It is able to discriminate between mild osteoarthritis patients and healthy volunteers.
Numerical modelling on water retention and permeability of compacted GMZ bentonite under free‐swelling conditions
Authors: Ni Hongyang , Liu Jiangfeng , Guo Jingna , Yang Diansen , Chen Yonggui 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIn this study, a solid–liquid–gas coupled equation was established to simulate water retention characteristics of highly compacted GMZ bentonite. Then, modelling results were compared with laboratory test results. Results indicate that GMZ bentonite has a strong moisture expansion (or a limit drying shrinkage) characteristic. The control equation can simulate the water absorption and deformation characteristics very well at high relative humidity (or low suction). Environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) observation reveals the course grain soil texture of the surface under low relative humidity (RH), while the surface of GMZ bentonite becomes smooth (more fine‐grained soil texture) as RH increases. Differences were found between the porosities calculated by macroexperiment results and microscopic observations with ESEM method. This is because only the interaggregate pores can be observed by ESEM photographs. Additionally, we find that the simulated effective porosities are close to the results calculated by microscopic tests, while the effective porosity is considered as the main flow channel of flow. Further, the intrinsic permeability, the effective water and gas permeability are calculated based on the proposed model. The modelling results coincide well with the laboratory experimental results and support the reliability of the proposed model.