bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accretion Flow Evolution of a New Black Hole Candidate MAXI J1348–630 during the 2019 Outburst
Authors: Jana Arghajit , Debnath Dipak , Chatterjee Debjit , Chatterjee Kaushik , Chakrabarti Sandip Kumar , Naik Sachindra , Bhowmick Riya , Kumari Neeraj 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Galactic black hole (BH) candidate MAXI J1348–630 was recently discovered by MAXI and Swift/BAT satellites during its first outburst in 2019 January, which continued for ∼4 months. We study the spectral and timing properties of the source in detail. The combined 1–150 keV Swift/XRT, Swift/BAT, and MAXI/GSC spectra are investigated with the two-component advective flow (TCAF) solution. Physical flow parameters of TCAF, such as the Keplerian disk accretion rate, the sub-Keplerian halo accretion rate, the shock location, and the shock compression ratio, are estimated from our spectral fits. Based on the variation of flux in soft and hard X-ray ranges, the hardness ratio, TCAF model fitted accretion rates, and the accretion rate ratio, we show how the source evolved through four spectral states, viz., hard, hard-intermediate, soft-intermediate, and soft, in rising and declining states. Low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations are observed in two observations during the rising phase of the outburst. From the spectral analysis, we estimate the mass of the BH to be

M
⊙. We also find that the viscous timescale in this outburst is ∼3.5 days. The distance of the source is also estimated as 5–10 kpc from state transition luminosity.
The Athena++ Adaptive Mesh Refinement Framework: Design and Magnetohydrodynamic Solvers
Authors: Stone James M. , Tomida Kengo , White Christopher J. , Felker Kyle G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The design and implementation of a new framework for adaptive mesh refinement calculations are described. It is intended primarily for applications in astrophysical fluid dynamics, but its flexible and modular design enables its use for a wide variety of physics. The framework works with both uniform and nonuniform grids in Cartesian and curvilinear coordinate systems. It adopts a dynamic execution model based on a simple design called a “task list” that improves parallel performance by overlapping communication and computation, simplifies the inclusion of a diverse range of physics, and even enables multiphysics models involving different physics in different regions of the calculation. We describe physics modules implemented in this framework for both nonrelativistic and relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). These modules adopt mature and robust algorithms originally developed for the Athena MHD code and incorporate new extensions: support for curvilinear coordinates, higher-order time integrators, more realistic physics such as a general equation of state, and diffusion terms that can be integrated with super-time-stepping algorithms. The modules show excellent performance and scaling, with well over 80% parallel efficiency on over half a million threads. The source code has been made publicly available.
A Monte Carlo Implementation of Galactic Free–Free Emission for the EoR Foreground Models
Authors: Lian Xiaoli , Xu Haiguang , Zheng Dongchao , Zhu Zhenghao , Hu Dan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The overwhelming foreground causes severe contamination on the detection of 21 cm signal during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Among various foreground components, the Galactic free–free emission is less studied, so that its impact on the EoR observation remains unclear. To better constrain this emission, we perform Monte Carlo simulation of Hα emission, which comprises direct and scattered Hα radiation from H ii regions and warm ionized medium (WIM). The positions and radii of H ii regions are quoted from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer H ii catalog, and the WIM is described by an axisymmetric model. The scattering is off dust and free electrons that are realized by applying an exponential fitting to the HI4PI H i map and an exponential disk model, respectively. The simulated Hα intensity, the Simfast21 software, and the latest SKA1-Low layout configuration are employed to simulate the SKA “observed” images of Galactic free–free emission and the EoR signal. By analyzing the one-dimensional power spectra, we find that the Galactic free–free emission can be about 105.4–102.1, 105.0–101.7, and 104.3–101.1 times more luminous than the EoR signal on scales of

in the 116–124, 146–154, and 186–194 MHz frequency bands, respectively. We further calculate the two-dimensional power spectra inside the EoR window and show that the power leaked by Galactic free–free emission can still be significant, as the power ratios can reach about 110%–8000%, 30%–2400%, and 10%–250% on scales of

in three frequency bands. Therefore, we indicate that the Galactic free–free emission should be carefully treated in future EoR detections.
The producer-artistic business relationship: a major concern for the survival of theatre practice in Nigeria
Authors: Sotimirin Olatunji Samson 
Published: June 2020

This paper evaluates some of the perennial problems identified by scholars, writers and theatre practitioners as the bane of the growth and survival of theatre practice in Nigeria. These are inadequate funding, non-availability of befitting venues, economic and social insecurity, training and professionalism, orientation of the public sector, technological development, and so on. The central argument, however, is the issue of the business relationship between the producer and the professional theatre artiste. The paper contends that there are many issues concerning the artiste working and struggling to get paid, and artiste being exploited by producers without respectable reward. Consequently, in order to conquer these exploitative tendencies and lack of trust on the part of the producer, the paper submits that it is imperative that the artiste puts his/her professional relationship with the producer on a sound legal footing. This involves not only engaging the use of contracts constricted in agreement with good professional conventions, but also considering the need for the formation of recognized monitoring structures that will be responsible for guiding the actions and behaviour of practitioners. This ought to be done with a governmental support safeguarding the various theatre Associations and guilds as it is the case with other established Associations such as the Institute of Chartered Accountants, Society of Engineers, Nigerian Medical Association and so on. Thus, the method applied to this study is a self-report personality approach where the artistic business of the theatre is evaluated. The paper concludes that although some of the problems highlighted still exist, the situation is gradually improving, especially in terms of the availability of enough befitting venues and regularity of theatre shows at these venues.
Keywords: Artistic, Nigeria, Theatre practitioners, Producer-artistic business relationship
Pharmacognostic and Acute Toxicity Study of <i>Burkea Africana</i> Root
Authors: Namadina M.M. , Aliyu B.S. , Haruna H. , Sunusi U. , Kamal R.M. , Balarabe S. , Ibrahim S. , Nuhu Y. , Adamu M.M. , Aminu M.A. , Hotoro A.S. , Abdullahi N.M. , Sani S.B. , Safiyya M.Z. , Bako A.T. , Abbas R.L. , Yunusa A.Y. , Muttaka A. , Yakasai M.A. , Tasiu S. 
Published: June 2020

Burkea africana is a plant that belongs to then family Fabaceae; it is widely spread in tropical Africa including Nigeria. It is of valuable in ethnomedicine especially in the treatment of antidote for venomous stings and bites, cutaneous and sub cutaneous parasitic infection, convulsion and pulmonary troubles. Despite the fact that roots of Burkea africana have several medicinal properties, no standardization parameter has been assessed. Due to lack of standard parameters, proper identification and ascertaining quality and purity in the events of adulteration has been thwarted. The objective of the study was to establish some important pharmacognostic profile and safety margin of Burkea africana root with the hope of assisting in its standardization for quality, purity and safety. Elemental analysis was carried out using acid digestion method and phytochemical composition of the plants was evaluated using standard method. Acute toxicity was achieved using Lorke method to determine the LD50. Chemomicroscopical evaluation revealed the presence of cellulose, tannins, starch, lignin, calcium oxalate, suberin, aleurone grain and mucilage with the exception of calcium carbonate. The average moisture contents, total ash, acid insoluble, water soluble ash, alcohol extractive value and water extractive values in the powdered plant material were 3.8%, 7.5%, 4.43%, 8.07%, 25.0% and 20.33% respectively. In addition, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cu were found to be within the safety limit. Phytochemicals which include alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates and triterpenes were detected in both aqueous and methanolic extracts. The LD50 of Burkea africana was found to be greater than 5000 mg /kg and could be considered safe for consumption.
Keywords: Elemental analysis, Burkea africana, Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical
Morinda Citrifolia: Bioactivity and Utilization as Traditional Medicine and Food for the Community
Authors: Silalahi Marina 
Published: June 2020

Morindacitrifolia is a medicinal plant has been long used as traditional medicine and food ingredients. The plant bioactivity as a drug is related to its secondary metabolites. The writing of the article is based on a review to scientific published online or offline of the journals and books. In the Indonesian homegarden, the MC most found and cultivated as traditional medicinal. The fruit of MC has been commercialized as a health drink, but the anthraquinone content used as an indicator its security. The bioactivity of MC is antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, increasing central nervous system activity, anti-psychotic, antihepatitic and hepatoprotective. The 6-O- (b-D-glucopyranosyl) -1-O-octanoyl-b-D-glucopyranose and asperulosidic acid have anti-cancer activity, while pheophorbide a and pyropheophorbide a have anti-hepatitis activity.
Rutin ameliorates cigarette smoke mediated lung inflammation in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via regulating the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-8 and PAF
Authors: Chen Juan , Su Jinyu , Dong Lingyun , Bai Zhiyu , Liu Yufeng , Bao Hongju , Lu Yanfang , Wu Yajuan 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionRutin is a plant-derived flavonoid. In the present work we screened the activity of rutin in a cigarette smoke induced lung disease mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Material and methodsThe mice were subjected to cigarette smoke for two weeks for inducing COPD simulating lung inflammation. Two hours prior to exposure to cigarette smoke, the mice were treated with rutin via the oral route. After treatment, the mice were assessed for profiling of cytokines and infiltration of immune cells in the bronchoalveolar fluid and histological alterations in the lungs. Roflumilast, an anti-COPD drug, was used as a positive control for comparing the efficacy of rutin.ResultsThe results of the study suggested that the treatment with rutin inhibited the inflow of macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils significantly in the airway. It was also observed that the treatment with rutin significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-, interleukin-8 and platelet activating factor levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared to the cigarette smoke exposed group. Interestingly, the findings of our study were parallel to the positive control RFL included in the experiment in the treated mice.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that rutin exerts a protective effect against cigarette smoke mediated COPD-like lung inflammation. Hence rutin may be a novel therapeutic agent for treating inflammatory conditions in lungs such as COPD.
Effect of androgen on bone metabolism in hyperuricemic rats
Authors: Ling Li , Wei Yun-Xiao , Sun Yi-Fei , Zhang Meng-Jiao , Chen Jie , Luo Shi-Ying , Xue Jin-Wei 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the effect of androgen on bone metabolism in hyperuricemic rats.Material and methodsForty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group, simple hyperuricemic group, hyperuricemic castration group, and simple castration group. A rat model of chronic hyperuricemia was established using potassium oxonate and ethambutol. Blood was sampled from the vena angularis at week 0, 4, 6, 8 and 12 after surgery to detect for uric acid, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase, and investigate the effect of androgen on bone metabolism in hyperuricemic rats.ResultsFrom the 4th week, compared with the sham operation group, the differences in uric acid levels between the simple hyperuricemic group and hyperuricemia castration group were statistically significant (p < 0.05), suggesting the successful establishment of the model of hyperuricemia. At the 6th week, uric acid levels decreased in the two hyperuricemic groups, and the difference from the sham operation group decreased (p = 0.05), showing that the modeling method had deteriorated. At the 8th week, the differences in uric acid levels between the two castration groups and sham operation group were statistically significant (p < 0.05). At the 12th week, the differences in serum levels of phosphorus between the simple hyperuricemic group and hyperuricemic castration group were statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAndrogen can induce bone metabolism changes in rats with hyperuricemia.
Reduced expression of CDH1 and its prognostic value in pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Jing , Wang Yuan Liang 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionIn this study, we aimed to focus on reduced expression of E-cadherin (CDH1) and its prognostic value in pancreatic cancer (PC) using a meta-analysis.Material and methodsFor this purpose, the PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched from inception until September 1, 2018. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled to evaluate the association between CDH1 expression and overall survival (OS); also, odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were used to assess the correlation between clinicopathological features and CDH1 expression in PC patients. Data from a total of 1805 patients from 16 articles were used in this meta-analysis.ResultsPC patients with decreased expression of CDH1 had a shorter OS (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09–1.41), without a significant heterogeneity (I2 = 27.1%, p = 0.151). The down-regulated expression of CDH1 was strongly associated with tumour grade (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.07–3.03).ConclusionsDown-regulated expression of CDH1 has potential as a predictive marker of poor prognosis in PC patients. However, further high-quality and large-scale clinical studies are required to validate our findings.
Cerebral oxygenation and bioelectrical activity in preterm infants during surfactant replacement therapy with porcine and bovine preparations
Authors: Szczapa Tomasz , Karpiński Łukasz , Szczapa-Krenz Hanna , Witosław Beata , Adamczak Aleksandra , Moczko Jerzy , Miechowicz Izabela , Niedbalski Paweł , Szymankiewicz-Bręborowicz Marta , Mazela Jan 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionSurfactant replacement therapy (SRT) might cause acute changes in cerebral oxygenation and alteration of brain bioelectrical activity. Varying physiologic responses and clinical outcomes were observed when different surfactant preparations were instilled to treat neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Material and methodsNeonates born at 26–30 weeks of gestation with RDS requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation were randomized to SRT either with poractant alfa (A) or beractant (B). Saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), cerebral tissue oxygenation (StO2) and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) were simultaneously recorded prior to and up to 4 h after SRT.ResultsMean SpO2, HR and StO2 values were comparable between groups at baseline and after SRT. There were differences in mean aEEG voltage before SRT, but amplitudes were within a range considered as normal in both groups. Immediately after SRT and at a few single post-intervention time points mean aEEG voltage was higher in the beractant group. There was a significant difference in the percentage of time with the aEEG signal < 5 µV after SRT between groups (mean 25.7% (A) vs. 16.5% (B), p < 0.05). Quantity of bursts per minute and mean length of inter-burst intervals (IBI) in the aEEG recording varied insignificantly but there was a significant difference in the percentage of IBI > 30 s between groups (52.5% (A) vs. 36.6% (B), p <0.05).ConclusionsThis is the first study assessing brain bioelectrical function and oxygenation while using two different surfactant preparations in a neonate. Cerebral effects of SRT are observed regardless of the type of surfactant, but their magnitude may depend on the preparation and/or dosing used.
Site representativity of AERONET and GAW remotely sensed aerosol optical thickness and absorbing aerosol optical thickness observations
Authors: Schutgens Nick A. J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Remote sensing observations from the AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) and GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch) networks are intermittent in time and have a limited field of view. A global high-resolution simulation (Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS-5) Nature Run) is used to conduct an OSSE (observing system simulation experiment) for AERONET and GAW observations of AOT (aerosol optical thickness) and AAOT (absorbing aerosol optical thickness) and estimate the spatiotemporal representativity of individual sites for larger areas (from 0.5 to 4∘ in size). GEOS-5 NR and the OSSE are evaluated and have shown to have sufficient skill, although daily AAOT variability is significantly underestimated, while the frequency of AAOT observations is overestimated (both resulting in an underestimation of temporal representativity errors in AAOT). Yearly representation errors are provided for a host of scenarios: varying grid-box size, temporal collocation protocols and site altitudes are explored. Monthly representation errors show correlations from month to month, with a pronounced annual cycle that suggests temporal averaging may not be very successful in reducing multi-year representation errors. The collocation protocol for AEROCOM (AEROsol Comparisons between Observations and Models) model evaluation (using daily data) is shown to be suboptimal and the use of hourly data is advocated instead. A previous subjective ranking of site spatial representativity (Kinne et al., 2013) is analysed and a new objective ranking proposed. Several sites are shown to have yearly representation errors in excess of 40 %. Lastly, a recent suggestion (Wang et al., 2018) that AERONET observations of AAOT suffer a positive representation bias of 30 % globally is analysed and evidence is provided that this bias is likely an overestimate (the current paper finds 4 %) due to methodological choices.
“We Must Be Able to Get Used to the Real”
Authors: Barnard-Naudé Jaco 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The names “COVID-19” and “Sars-CoV-2” signify an impoverished Symbolic Order attempting to come to terms with “a great disorder in the Real.” Our contemporary defense against the Real has proceeded by way of the insistence of the Imaginary, and at the same time, the Symbolic has become enslaved to this very same Imaginary. The article ends with a plea for a revitalized mode of signification—a correspondence—between the Real and the Symbolic.
The Polysemic Facepalm: Fauci as Rhetorically Savvy Scientist Citizen
Authors: Ceccarelli Leah 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Anthony Fauci, an infectious disease expert in the White House's coronavirus task force, is challenged to offer responsible public communication of science despite working under a habitual liar who has no tolerance for criticism or dissent. Fauci manages this rhetorical exigence by using strategic ambiguity, the topos of the honest broker, dissociation, and a narrative that constrains executive decision making.
The Demon Ratu Macaling Brings Disease and Disaster Every Year in the Rainy Season
Authors: Cintron Ralph , Bleeden David , Corcoran Casey 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTToday, it is widely believed that humans have the ability to grasp the material world as it is, and that this grasp can be instrumentalized so as to progressively solve problems and maximize human flourishing. We call this idea “technopositivism.” Technopositivism seeks to give a comprehensive explanation of all that is, including the best possible social order. But, like all interpretive systems, technopositivism is incapable of providing such an explanation. Technopositivism is thus riddled with ironies and fragile. We argue that prevailing understandings of COVID-19 are instantiations of technopositivism and, as such, illuminate many of these ironies and fragilities.
Meaning at the End of Meaning: Nihilism, Great Nonsense, and Praxis in the Shadow of Extinction
Authors: Ochieng Omedi 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
I suggest in this essay that the responses to the coronavirus pandemic by the North Atlantic elite ought to be accounted in part to the circulation of nihilism as a structure of feeling under late capitalism. I then pose the question, how ought we think of meaning and meaning making under the shadow of ongoing extinction?
The Virus That Dares (Us) Not (to) Speak Its Name: A Polemic
Authors: Salazar Philippe-Joseph 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Unless a democratic citizenry, when it gets shaped at school, is asked to formulate complex answers to simple questions (as illustrated in this essay), there is no other avenue for their destiny than ressentiment against “the world,” which expresses itself in either a parading of culture or an inordinate sense of revolt.
Novel Violence
Authors: Walzer Belinda 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The novel coronavirus pandemic is throwing into relief traditional notions and rhetorics of witness, visibility, recognition, and violence in human rights discourse. This essay articulates the ways in which the current pandemic is being framed rhetorically as a spectacular war, using rhetoric that obfuscates the structural violations that leads to the virus disproportionately impacting the precarious. It argues for a reframing of traditional paradigms of representation, recognition, and resistance toward a notion of everyday violence that accounts for the accumulation of structural and material conditions of precarity as a human rights violation.
La contribución de las religiones a la construcción de una cultura de paz
Authors: Silva Erwin 
Published: June 2020

La presente investigación tiene el propósito de explorar e identificar los valores y principios comunes en las religiones mundiales o mayoritarias en la actualidad. Esta búsqueda a través de los textos sagrados lleva a determinar que existen valores comunes que pueden servir de fundamento a un diálogo interreligioso e intercultural que favorezca y contribuya realmente a la creación de una nueva cultura de paz. Asimismo las religiones mundiales pueden asumir como tarea permanente la acción por la paz empezando por trabajar en la prevención y la solución pacífica de los conflictos tanto como por el cuido y preservación de la naturaleza.