bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wearable Triboelectric/Aluminum Nitride Nano‐Energy‐Nano‐System with Self‐Sustainable Photonic Modulation and Continuous Force Sensing
Authors: Dong Bowei , Shi Qiongfeng , He Tianyiyi , Zhu Shiyang , Zhang Zixuan , Sun Zhongda , Ma Yiming , Kwong Dim‐Lee , Lee Chengkuo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWearable photonics offer a promising platform to complement the thriving complex wearable electronics system by providing high‐speed data transmission channels and robust optical sensing paths. Regarding the realization of photonic computation and tunable (de)multiplexing functions based on system‐level integration of abundant photonic modulators, it is challenging to reduce the overwhelming power consumption in traditional current‐based silicon photonic modulators. This issue is addressed by integrating voltage‐based aluminum nitride (AlN) modulator and textile triboelectric nanogenerator (T‐TENG) on a wearable platform to form a nano‐energy‐nano‐system (NENS). The T‐TENG transduces the mechanical stimulations into electrical signals based on the coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction. The self‐generated high‐voltage from the T‐TENG is applied to the AlN modulator and boosts its modulation efficiency regardless of AlN's moderate Pockels effect. Complementarily, the AlN modulator's capacitive nature enables the open‐circuit operation mode of T‐TENG, providing the integrated NENS with continuous force sensing capability which is notably uninfluenced by operation speeds. Furthermore, a physical model is proposed to describe the coupled AlN modulator/T‐TENG system. With the enhanced photonic modulation and the open‐circuit operation mode enabled by synergies between the AlN modulator and the T‐TENG, optical Morse code transmission and continuous human motion monitoring are demonstrated for practical wearable applications.
Joint Evaluation of the System ofUSDA's Farm Income Forecasts
Authors: Isengildina‐Massa Olga , Karali Berna , Kuethe Todd H. , Katchova Ani L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study evaluates a system of USDA's Net Cash Income forecasts, released as part of the farm sector's income statement, which includes crop receipts, livestock receipts, government payments, farm‐related income, and expenses from 1986 to 2017. We examine these forecasts jointly for bias, accuracy, efficiency, and compositional consistency. Our findings demonstrate that underestimation in early Net Cash Income forecasts stems from underestimation in crop and livestock receipts as well as expenses forecasts. While most components except government payments contribute to the improvement in 12‐month‐ahead forecasts, improvements in 9‐month‐out forecasts are mostly due to crop receipts and expenses forecasts, and government payment forecasts were a main source of improvement in 6‐month‐ahead forecasts. Despite the observed biases and inefficiencies, these forecasts are compositionally consistent with the actual outcomes and represent realistic projections of the farm sector accounts.
Emergency Medicine/Internal Medicine Combined Residency Graduates Have High Career Satisfaction and Commonly Practice in Both Specialties
Authors: Scott Nathaniel , Rodos Adam , Dwyer Ryan , Tyo Carissa , Martin Daniel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe first combined emergency medicine/internal medicine (EM/IM) residency was established in 1991. As the 30th anniversary of this unique dual‐training opportunity approaches, multiple changes to the practice and educational landscape have occurred. Previous surveys examining this topic are now more than 10 years old and occurred prior to the establishment of the EM/IM/critical care medicine (EM/IM/CCM) pathway. We conducted a survey to investigate career trajectories, satisfaction, and opportunities available to EM/IM graduates.MethodsSurvey questions were developed to both allow for comparison with previously published data and examine new topics not previously investigated. A group of EM/IM and EM/IM/CCM program directors validated the survey questions. Eligible respondents were identified and contacted through their previous residency program leadership.ResultsFifty‐two percent (152/290) of graduates completed the survey. Thirty‐seven percent of respondents practice both EM and IM, 51% practice EM only, and the remainder practice IM only. Thirty‐one percent of total respondents completed a fellowship, with critical care being the most popular choice. Seventy‐one percent of graduates practice in an academic center, and many hold leadership positions within education, research, and hospital administration. Eighty‐seven percent of graduates were “extremely satisfied” with their choice to pursue EM/IM or EM/IM/CCM and 95% reported that they would choose this path again.ConclusionsMost respondents are satisfied with their residency choice and would choose to pursue this training again, despite the additional years of training. The proportion of graduates pursuing fellowship is higher than previously published data. Most continue to work in academics, and many are leaders within their institutions. The changing health care landscape offers multiple opportunities to dually trained graduates.
Bleeding phenotype and diagnostic characterization of patients with congenital platelet defects
Authors: Blaauwgeers Maaike W. , Kruip Marieke J.H.A. , Beckers Erik A.M. , Coppens Michiel , Eikenboom Jeroen , van Galen Karin P.M. , Tamminga Rienk Y.J. , Urbanus Rolf T. , Schutgens Roger E.G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhenotypic characterization of congenital platelet defects (CPDs) could help physicians recognize CPD subtypes and can inform on prognostic implications. We report the analyses of the bleeding phenotype and diagnostic characteristics of a large cohort of adult patients with a confirmed CPD. A total of 96 patients were analyzed and they were classified as Glanzmann thrombasthenia, Bernard‐Soulier syndrome, dense granule deficiency, defects in the ADP or thromboxane A2 (TxA2) pathway, isolated thrombocytopenia or complex abnormalities. The median ISTH‐BAT bleeding score was nine (IQR 5‐13). Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) (80%), post‐partum hemorrhage (74%), post‐operative bleeds (64%) and post‐dental extraction bleeds (57%) occurred most frequently. Rare bleeding symptoms were bleeds from the urinary tract (4%) and central nervous system (CNS) bleeds (2%). Domains with a large proportion of severe bleeds were CNS bleeding, HMB and post‐dental extraction bleeding. Glanzmann thrombasthenia and female sex were associated with a more severe bleeding phenotype.
Assessing the reliability of virtual reconstruction of mandibles
Authors: Godinho Ricardo Miguel , O'Higgins Paul , Gonçalves Célia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesMandibular morphological variation is often used to examine various aspects of human palaeobiology. However, fossil and archeological skeletal remains are often fragmented/distorted and so are frequently excluded from studies. This leads to decreased sample sizes and, potentially, to biased results. Thus, it is of interest to restore the original anatomy of incomplete/distorted specimens. Thin plate splines (TPS), commonly used in Geometric Morphometrics (GM), offer the prospect of reconstruction of missing parts and particularly of interest here, missing landmarks.Materials and methodsHere, the reliability of TPS based mandibular reconstruction is tested. To that end missing landmarks were simulated in originally complete hemimandibles. TPS was then used to restore the location of simulated missing data and the predicted landmarks were compared to the original ones.ResultsResults show that error varies according to the number and location of estimated landmarks. Notwithstanding, estimation error is usually considerably smaller than the morphological differences between individuals from the same species.DiscussionTPS based reconstruction allows fragmentary mandibles to be used in studies of whole mandibular variation, provided the above mentioned caveats are considered.
Cognitive tests aid in clinical differentiation of Alzheimer's disease versus Alzheimer's disease with Lewy body disease: Evidence from a pathological study
Authors: Azar Martina , Chapman Silvia , Gu Yian , Leverenz James B. , Stern Yaakov , Cosentino Stephanie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionClinical differentiation between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD with Lewy body disease (LBD) is relatively imprecise. The current study examined pathologically confirmed group differences in neuropsychological functioning, and the classification ability of specific tests.MethodsFifty‐one participants with postmortem diagnoses of AD (n = 34) and AD plus LBD (n = 17) were drawn from the Predictors Study. One‐way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and χ2 analyses examined group differences in neuropsychological performance. Binary logistic regressions examined predictive utility of specific tests for pathological diagnosis.ResultsIndividuals with AD had better visuoconstruction (P = .006), phonemic fluency (P = .08), and processing speed than AD plus LBD (P = .013). No differences were found in memory, naming, semantic fluency, or set‐switching. Processing speed and visuoconstruction predicted pathologic group (P = .03).DiscussionProcessing speed and visuoconstruction predicted postmortem diagnosis of AD versus AD plus LBD. Current results offer guidance in the selection and interpretation of neuropsychological tests to be used in the differential diagnosis of early dementia.
Proving and Probing the Presence of the Elusive C−H⋅⋅⋅O Hydrogen Bond in Liquid Solutions at Room Temperature
Authors: Galle Kankanamge Susith R. , Ma Jianbo , Mackin Robert T. , Leonik Fedra M. , Taylor Carol M. , Rubtsov Igor V. , Kuroda Daniel G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHydrogen bonds (H bonds) play a major role in defining the structure and properties of many substances, as well as phenomena and processes. Traditional H bonds are ubiquitous in nature, yet the demonstration of weak H bonds that occur between a highly polarized C−H group and an electron‐rich oxygen atom, has proven elusive. Detailed here are linear and nonlinear IR spectroscopy experiments that reveal the presence of H bonds between the chloroform C−H group and an amide carbonyl oxygen atom in solution at room temperature. Evidence is provided for an amide solvation shell featuring two clearly distinguishable chloroform arrangements that undergo chemical exchange with a time scale of about 2 ps. Furthermore, the enthalpy of breaking the hydrogen bond is found to be 6–20 kJ mol−1. Ab‐initio computations support the findings of two distinct solvation shells formed by three chloroform molecules, where one thermally undergoes hydrogen‐bond making and breaking.
Isothermal Crystallization of Palm Oil‐Based Fats with and without the Addition of Essential Oils
Authors: Chikhoune Anis , Shashkov Mikhail , Piligaev Aleksandr Vasilyevich , Lee Juhee , Boudjellal Abdelghani , Martini Silvana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective of study was to evaluate the crystallization behavior of palm oil‐based fats processed with and without the addition of essential oils (5% w/w) obtained from the flowers (EsOF) and stems (EsOS) of Pituranthos scoparius. Palm oil (PO) and a mixture of PO, soybean oil, and sunflower oil (Mix) were tested. The addition of the essential oils did not change the melting points of the fats but affected their crystallization behavior. A delay in crystallization was observed, evidenced by lower crystallization rates, and lower solid fat contents. This delay was comparable in the samples crystallized with EsOF and EsOS for the PO samples but EsOF was more efficient at delaying crystallization in the Mix sample. EsOF generated a less organized crystalline network in both samples (lower enthalpy values) while EsOS generated a more organized crystalline network (high enthalpy values) when used in the Mix sample. The addition of EsO also affected the crystal microstructure in some cases. While a slight increase in crystal size was observed for some PO samples crystallized with EsOF, no change or a decrease in crystal size was observed for the samples crystallized with EsOS. A slight decrease in crystal size was observed for Mix samples crystallized with EsOF while no effect was observed for these samples crystallized with EsOS. Results from this study show that these essential oils can be used as natural additives to modify the crystallization of fats for food applications and therefore widen their functional properties.
PBAT/hybrid nanofillers composites—Part 1: Oxygen and water vapor permeabilities, UV barrier and mechanical properties
Authors: Calderaro Mayara Pollyane , de Luca Sarantopóulos Claire Isabel Grígoli , Sanchez Elisabete Maria Saraiva , Morales Ana Rita 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis work evaluated the effect of the combination of nanofillers: organically modified montmorillonite (MMT), sepiolite (SEP) and nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) on the oxygen and water vapor permeability coefficients, light transmission and mechanical properties of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) aiming at packaging application. The clays concentrations were chosen considering percolation threshold from the clays aspect ratio by TEM analyses. Comparing to neat PBAT, oxygen and vapor permeability coefficients showed reduction with the increase of MMT while SEP and nano‐TiO2 did not show significant influence. However, nano‐TiO2 was the only filler able to reduce UV and visible light transmission. Nanofillers and their combinations showed to be statistically significant for the increase in Young's modulus, although the tensile strength and elongation showed no influence. The results were discussed in terms of the fillers' morphology and dispersion. Nielsen's model was applied to estimate the aspect ratio of the MMT in nanocomposites.
Effect of hybrid polysphosphazene coating treatment on carbon fibers on the interfacial properties of CF/PA6 composites
Authors: Chen Xiang , Xu Haibing , Liu Dong , Yan Chun , Yao Youqiang , Zhu Yingdan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCarbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) composite has an extensive application. However, the performances of CF/PA6 composite are constrained by the poor interfacial adhesion between CF and PA6 matrix. In this article, in order to strengthen the interfacial adhesion of CF/PA6 composite, a layer of poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐4,4′‐sulfonyldiphonel) (PZS) hybrid coating with plenty of PZS microspheres (PZSMS) was successfully introduced onto CF surface through facile in situ polymerization. After surface modification, the surface morphologies and the surface chemical structures of fibers changed distinctly. On one hand, the PZSMS provided more contact points and increased mechanical interlocking between CF and PA6 matrix. On the other hand, numerous hydrogen bonds between CF and PA6 were formed due to a great amount of unique polar groups on modified CF surface. Consequently, in comparison with untreated CF, the interfacial shear strength of CF‐PZSMS/PA6 composites was improved from 37.68 ± 3.16 to 53.79 ± 3.38 MPa, by 42.75 ± 3.02%. The results indicated that PZS hybrid coating on fiber surface effectively improved the interfacial adhesion of CF/PA6 composites, and the stronger hydrogen bonding and the enhanced mechanical interlocking synergistically played a major role in such significant improvements.
Effects of gut microbiota on in vivo metabolism and tissue accumulation of cytochrome P450 3A metabolized drug: Midazolam
Authors: Togao Masao , Kawakami Koji , Otsuka Jun , Wagai Gaku , Ohta‐Takada Yuki , Kado Shoichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe link between drug‐metabolizing enzymes and gut microbiota is well established. In particular, hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A activities are presumed to be affected by gut microbiota. However, there is no direct evidence that the gut microbiota affects CYP3A metabolism or the clearance of clinically relevant drugs in vivo. Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of gut microbiota on in vitro and in vivo drug metabolism and on the clearance of midazolam, which is a standard CYP3A metabolized drug. Hepatic Cyp3a activity and in vitro midazolam hydroxylase activity were compared using specific pathogen‐free (SPF) and germ‐free (GF) mice. In a pharmacokinetics (PK) study, SPF and GF mice were intraperitoneally injected with 60 mg/kg of midazolam, and plasma and tissue concentrations were measured. Hepatic Cyp3a activity and midazolam hydroxylase activity were significantly lower in GF mice than in SPF mice. Notably, in the PK study, the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity and the elimination half‐life were approximately four‐fold higher in GF mice compared with SPF mice. Furthermore, the concentration of midazolam in the brain 180 min after administration was about 14‐fold higher in GF mice compared with SPF mice. Together, our results demonstrated that the gut microbiota altered the metabolic ability of Cyp3a and the tissue accumulation of midazolam.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed [4+1] Cyclization of Sulfoxonium Ylides and Anthranils for Accessing N‐Arylisatins
Authors: Zhou Peng , Yang Wei‐Tao , Li Guigen , Hao Wen‐Juan , Jiang Bo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA rhodium(III)‐catalyzed [4+1] cyclization between aroyl sulfoxonium ylides and anthranils has been developed, offering a wide range of new aldehyde‐containing N‐arylisatins in good to excellent yields. The highlight of this reaction shows the construction of two C−N and one C=O bonds through [4+1] annulation consisted of C−H activation, ring opening of anthranils and oxygen insertion.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Cross‐Couplings of Secondary Alkylcopper Reagents with 3‐Halogeno‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Derivatives
Authors: Kremsmair Alexander , Skotnitzki Juri , Knochel Paul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChiral secondary alkylcopper reagents were prepared from the corresponding alkyl iodides with retention of configuration by an I/Li‐exchange using tBuLi (−100 °C, 1 min) followed by a transmetalation with CuBr⋅P(OEt)3 (−100 °C, 20 s). These stereodefined secondary alkylcoppers underwent stereoretentive cross‐couplings with several 3‐iodo or 3‐bromo unsaturated carbonyl derivatives leading to the corresponding γ‐methylated Michael acceptors in good yields and with high diastereoselectivities (dr up to 96:4). The method was extended to enantiomerically enriched alkylcoppers, providing optically enriched advanced natural product intermediates with up to 90 % ee.
Highly Selective Nucleophilic 4‐Aryl‐2,3‐allenylation of Malonates†
Authors: Song Shihua , Ma Shengming 
Published: June 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionAllenes are a class of very important compounds and the development of straightforward, efficient, and highly enantioselective synthetic strategies for allenes have attracted extensive interests. Along this line, it is well known that aryl‐substituted allenes may be readily racemized, thus, difficult to prepare in high ee. Herein, an efficient palladium‐catalyzed nucleophilic allenylation of malonates with racemic 4‐aryl‐2,3‐butadienyl carbonates has been developed. The selectivity issue of mono‐ vs. bis‐allenylation with 2‐non‐substituted malonates has been addressed. By utilizing (R)‐(–)‐DTBM‐SEGPHOS (5,5'‐bis[di(3,5‐di‐t‐butyl‐4‐methoxyphenyl)phosphino]‐4,4'‐bi‐1,3‐benzodioxole) as a chiral ligand, various aryl‐substituted allenes and bisallenes have been prepared with good to excellent yields with high chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity under mild reaction conditions. Au‐catalyzed cycloisomerization and APK (allenic Pauson–Khand) reactions affording optically active mono‐ and bicyclic products have been demonstrated.
From Femtosecond to Nanosecond Laser Microstructuring of Conical Aluminum Surfaces by Reactive Gas Assisted Laser Ablation
Authors: Rauh Simon , Wöbbeking Karl , Li Mingji , Schade Wolfgang , Hübner Eike G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA conical microstructure is one of the most versatile surface textures obtained by ultrashort laser micromachining. Besides an increased surface area, unique surface properties such as superhydrophilicity, increased absorptivity; and thermal emissivity can be tailored. On metals, usually ultrashort laser pulses in the femtosecond to low picosecond range are used to obtain these surface structures, whereas nanosecond laser pulses favor melting processes. Herein, we report on an investigation of reactive gas atmospheres such as oxygen, steam, and halogens during laser micromachining of aluminum with 6 ns laser pulses. At a reduced pressure of 20 hPa (air) with additional iodine vapor as reactive species, we found a perfectly microconical structured surface to be formed with nanosecond laser pulses. The resulting surface structures were proven to be free of residual halogens. The application of nanosecond instead of femtosecond laser pulses for the surface structuring process allows to apply significantly less complex laser sources.
Genomewide Meta‐Analysis Validates a Role for S1PR1 in Microtubule Targeting Agent‐Induced Sensory Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Chua Katherina C. , Xiong Chenling , Ho Carol , Mushiroda Taisei , Jiang Chen , Mulkey Flora , Lai Dongbing , Schneider Bryan P. , Rashkin Sara R. , Witte John S. , Friedman Paula N. , Ratain Mark J. , McLeod Howard L. , Rugo Hope S. , Shulman Lawrence N. , Kubo Michiaki , Owzar Kouros , Kroetz Deanna L. 
Published: June 2020

Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) are anticancer therapies commonly prescribed for breast cancer and other solid tumors. Sensory peripheral neuropathy (PN) is the major dose‐limiting toxicity for MTAs and can limit clinical efficacy. The current pharmacogenomic study aimed to identify genetic variations that explain patient susceptibility and drive mechanisms underlying development of MTA‐induced PN. A meta‐analysis of genomewide association studies (GWAS) from two clinical cohorts treated with MTAs (Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 40502 and CALGB 40101) was conducted using a Cox regression model with cumulative dose to first instance of grade 2 or higher PN. Summary statistics from a GWAS of European subjects (n = 469) in CALGB 40502 that estimated cause‐specific risk of PN were meta‐analyzed with those from a previously published GWAS of European ancestry (n = 855) from CALGB 40101 that estimated the risk of PN. Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in an enhancer region downstream of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1 encoding S1PR1; e.g., rs74497159, βCALGB 40101 per allele log hazard ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 0.591 (0.254–0.928), βCALGB 40502 per allele log hazard ratio (95% CI) = 0.693 (0.334–1.053); PMETA = 3.62 × 10−7) were the most highly ranked associations based on P values with risk of developing grade 2 and higher PN. In silico functional analysis identified multiple regulatory elements and potential enhancer activity for S1PR1 within this genomic region. Inhibition of S1PR1 function in induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived human sensory neurons shows partial protection against paclitaxel‐induced neurite damage. These pharmacogenetic findings further support ongoing clinical evaluations to target S1PR1 as a therapeutic strategy for prevention and/or treatment of MTA‐induced neuropathy.