bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evidence for long‐term coexistence of copiotrophic and oligotrophic bacteria in pelagic surface seawater
Authors: Li Yi , Wang Zhi‐Bin , Zhang Xi‐Ying , Dang Yan‐Ru , Sun Lin‐Lin , Zhang Wei‐Peng , Fu Hui‐Hui , Yang Gui‐Peng , Wang Min , McMinn Andrew , Chen Xiu‐Lan , Chen Yin , Wang Shi , Zhang Yu‐Zhong , Qin Qi‐Long 
Published: November 2020

SummaryMost marine copiotrophic bacteria can produce extracellular enzymes to degrade biopolymers into bio‐available smaller solutes, while oligotrophic bacteria usually cannot. Bacterial extracellular enzymes and enzymatic products can be a common resource that could be utilized by both copiotrophs and oligotrophs; when present, oligotrophs may outcompete the enzyme‐producing copiotrophs. However, copiotrophs and oligotrophs consistently coexist in the ocean. How they maintain coexistence has still not been experimentally studied. In this study, the interaction and coexistence of a copiotroph and an oligotroph, isolated from the same surface seawater sample and utilizing the same proteinaceous substrate, were experimentally investigated. The copiotroph could secrete extracellular proteases to degrade and then utilize the proteinaceous substrate. The oligotroph was unable to utilize the proteinaceous substrate by itself, but could grow by using the hydrolysate amino acids. The copiotroph outcompeted the oligotroph by adsorbing the amino acids quickly and having a higher growth rate in the rich medium. The oligotroph survived by adapting to low concentration of nutrients. The copiotroph and oligotroph were able to maintain long‐term (up to 142 days) coexistence in the laboratory. This study indicates that differences in the utilization of different concentrations of nutrients can drive the coexistence of marine copiotrophs and oligotrophs.
Umbilical cord clamping and skin‐to‐skin contact in deliveries from women positive for SARS‐CoV‐2: a prospective observational study
Authors: Mejía Jiménez I , Salvador López R , García Rosas E , Rodriguez de la Torre I , Montes García J , de la Cruz Conty ML , Martínez Pérez O ,   in collaboration with the Spanish Obstetric Emergency Group
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo demonstrate that delayed cord clamping (DCC) is safe in mothers with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.Design, setting and participantsProspective observational study involving epidemiological information from 403 pregnant women with SARS‐CoV‐2 between 1 March and 31 May 2020. Data were collected from 70 centres that participate in the Spanish Registry of COVID‐19.MethodsPatients' information was collected from their medical chart.Main outcomes and measuresThe rate of perinatal transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and development of the infection in neonates within 14 days postpartum.ResultsThe early cord clamping (ECC) group consisted of 231 infants (57.3%) and the DCC group consisted of 172 infants (42.7%). Five positive newborns (1.7% of total tests performed) were identified with the nasopharyngeal PCR tests performed in the first 12 hours postpartum, two from the ECC group (1.7%) and three from the DCC group (3.6%). No significant differences between groups were found regarding neonatal tests for SARS‐CoV‐2. No confirmed cases of vertical transmission were detected. The percentage of mothers who made skin‐to‐skin contact within the first 24 hours after delivery was significantly higher in the DCC group (84.3% versus 45.9%). Breastfeeding in the immediate postpartum period was also significantly higher in the DCC group (77.3% versus 50.2%).ConclusionsThe results of our study show no differences in perinatal outcomes when performing ECC or DCC, and skin‐to‐skin contact, or breastfeeding.Tweetable abstractThis study demonstrates that delayed cord clamping is safe in mothers with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Evaluating national trends in outcomes after implementation of a star rating system: Results from dialysis facility compare
Authors: Salerno Stephen , Dahlerus Claudia , Messana Joseph , Wisniewski Karen , Tong Lan , Hirth Richard A. , Affholter Jordan , Gremel Garrett , Wu YiFan , Zhu Ji , Roach Jesse , Balovlenkov RN Elena , Andress Joel , Li Yi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine which factors are driving improvement in the Dialysis Facility Compare (DFC) star ratings and to test whether nonclinical facility characteristics are associated with observed longitudinal changes in the star ratings.Data SourcesData were collected from eligible patients in over 6,000 Medicare‐certified dialysis facilities from three annual star rating and individual measure updates, publicly released on DFC in October 2015, October 2016, and April 2018.Study DesignChanges in the star rating and individual quality measures were investigated across three public data releases. Year‐to‐year changes in the star ratings were linked to facility characteristics, adjusting for baseline differences in quality measure performance.Data CollectionData from publicly reported quality measures, including standardized mortality, hospitalization, and transfusion ratios, dialysis adequacy, type of vascular access for dialysis, and management of mineral and bone disease, were extracted from annual DFC data releases.Principal FindingsThe proportion of four‐ and five‐star facilities increased from 30.0% to 53.4% between October 2015 and April 2018. Quality improvement was driven by the domain of care containing the dialysis adequacy and hypercalcemia measures. Additionally, independently owned facilities and facilities belonging to smaller dialysis organizations had significantly lower odds of year‐to‐year improvement than facilities belonging to either of the two large dialysis organizations (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.736, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.631‐0.856 and OR: 0.797, 95% CI: 0.723‐0.879, respectively).ConclusionsThe percentage of four‐ and five‐star facilities has increased markedly over a three‐year time period. These changes were driven by improvement in the specific quality measures that may be most directly under the control of the dialysis facility.
The fate of mycotoxins during secondary food processing of maize for human consumption
Authors: Schaarschmidt Sara , Fauhl‐Hassek Carsten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMycotoxins are naturally occurring fungal metabolites that are associated with health hazards and are widespread in cereals including maize. The most common mycotoxins in maize that occur at relatively high levels are fumonisins (FBs), zearalenone, and aflatoxins; furthermore, other mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A are frequently present in maize. For these toxins, maximum levels are laid down in the European Union (EU) for maize raw materials and maize‐based foods. The current review article gives a comprehensive overview on the different mycotoxins (including mycotoxins not regulated by EU law) and their fate during secondary processing of maize, based on the data published in the scientific literature. Furthermore, potential compliance with the EU maximum levels is discussed where appropriate. In general, secondary processing can impact mycotoxins in various ways. Besides changes in mycotoxin levels due to fractionation, dilution, and/or concentration, mycotoxins can be affected in their chemical structure (causing degradation or modification) or be released from or bound to matrix components. In the current review, a special focus is set on the effect on mycotoxins caused by different heat treatments, namely, baking, roasting, frying, (pressure) cooking, and extrusion cooking. Production processes involving multiple heat treatments are exemplified with the cornflakes production. For that, potential compliance with FB maximum levels was assessed. Moreover, effects of fermentation of maize matrices and production of maize germ oil are covered by this review.
Does family ownership always reduce default risk?
Authors: Abinzano Isabel , Corredor Pilar , Martinez Beatriz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses the effect of family ownership on the outcome of the firm’s risk‐taking activities, measured by the company’s default risk. We show that family ownership reduces the probability of default, which is proxied by the Black–Scholes–Merton (BSM) model. Our study goes further than the initial approach by taking into account certain factors conditioning the aforementioned relationship. We find that the expected negative relationship between family ownership and default risk is modified when there is a significant participation of institutional investors, whose positive moderating influence intensifies if they are stable and long‐term oriented and/or during adverse financial circumstances.
Developing a clinical screening tool for identifying COVID‐19 infection in older people dwelling in residential aged care services
Authors: Gnanasambantham Kavitha , Aitken Georgia , Morris Brett , Simionato Jessica , Chua Eu‐Hua , Ibrahim Joseph E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and conduct preliminary feasibility testing of a clinical screening instrument for early identification of COVID‐19 infection in older people residing in residential aged care services (RACS).MethodsA qualitative study was conducted using a multi‐modal approach involving examination of existing literature and national guidelines for COVID‐19 clinical screening, formulation of a discussion document with peer review and feasibility testing of a prototype screening tool.ResultsExisting COVID‐19 clinical screening tools do not consider age‐related impacts on clinical presentation. The qualitative analysis identified the important clinical elements to include were a lower threshold for temperature, occurrence of a recent fall and change in functional status. The new elements also had to be simple and feasible to implement. Overall feedback was positive with all participants recommending the use of the new tool.ConclusionA new screening tool for RACS residents was developed addressing the pathophysiological changes with ageing and atypical features of COVID‐19 infection.
Inherited thrombophilia and anticoagulant therapy for women with reproductive failure
Authors: Han Ae Ra , Han Jae Won , Lee Sung Ki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractReproductive failure (RF) is the inability to conceive or to carry a pregnancy to term, and its prevalence is not negligible. Pregnancy is a prothrombotic condition, which can be abnormally exaggerated in women with thrombophilia. Antiphospholipid syndrome is a cause of RF and effectively managed with heparin and aspirin. However, there are yet insufficient data in patients with RF and inherited thrombophilia. This review focuses on the significance of inherited thrombophilia and RF and the role of anticoagulants in pregnancy outcomes. A few randomized case‐control studies have investigated the effect of anticoagulation in RF with thrombophilia, and the results are yet debatable. Some inherited thrombophilia including mutations of factor V Leiden, prothrombin, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and protein S deficiency are associated with RF and/or late pregnancy complications. There are several implications which influence the diagnosis and treatment. First, there is a lack of studies revealing appropriate thrombophilia markers and its cutoff values for RF specifically. Second, some thrombophilia markers change with sex and age. Lastly, the study designs of previous studies are heterogeneous in selecting the thrombophilia markers and drugs. Further studies to find adequate thrombophilia markers of RF are warranted and eventually elucidate the subgroups beneficial to anticoagulation treatment.
Determination of local flow ratios and velocities in a femoral venous cannula with computational fluid dynamics and 4D flow‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging: A method validation
Authors: Rauh Patrick , Benk Christoph , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Russe Maximilian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCannulas with multi‐staged side holes are the method of choice for femoral cannulation in extracorporeal therapies today. A variety of differently designed products is available on the market. While the preferred tool for the performance assessment of such cannulas are pressure‐flow curves, little is known about the flow and velocity distribution. Within this work flow and velocity patterns of a femoral venous cannula with multi‐staged side holes were investigated. A mock circulation loop for cannula performance evaluation was built and reproduced using a computer‐aided design system. With computational fluid dynamics, volume flows and fluid velocities were determined quantitatively and visually with hole‐based precision. In order to ensure the correctness of the flow simulation, the results were subsequently validated by determining the same parameters with four‐dimensional flow‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging. Measurement data and numerical solution differed 7% on average throughout the data set for the examined parameters. The highest inflow and velocity were detected at the most proximal holes, where half of the total volume flow enters the cannula. At every hole stage a Y‐shaped inflow profile was detected, forming a centered stream in the middle of the cannula. Simultaneously, flow separation creates zones with significant lower flow velocities. Numerical simulation, validated with four‐dimensional flow‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging, is a valuable tool to examine flow and velocity distributions of femoral venous cannulas with hole‐based accuracy. Flow and velocity distribution in such cannulas are not ideal. Based on this work future cannulas can be effectively optimized.
Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair for recurrent groin hernia after failed anterior‐posterior repair
Authors: Tazaki Tatsuya , Sasaki Masaru , Kohyama Mohei , Sugiyama Yoichi , Yamaguchi Takuro , Takahashi Shinya , Nakamitsu Atsushi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe International Guidelines for Groin Hernia Management recommends an anterior repair after a failed posterior repair, and laparoscopic repair after a failed anterior tissue repair or Lichtenstein repair. However, there are not enough studies to guide decision‐making for patients with recurrent hernia patients after combined anterior‐posterior repair. We investigate the safety and usefulness of transabdominal preperitoneal repair (TAPP) for recurrent hernia patients after failed anterior‐posterior repair.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 13 consecutive patients with recurrent groin hernia who underwent TAPP after prior anterior preperitoneal mesh repair (that created anterior and posterior scarring) between September 2013 and October 2018. The control group comprised 45 patients who underwent TAPP for recurrent hernia after anterior repair (43 nonmesh repairs and two Lichtenstein repairs).ResultsThere were no intraoperative complications, and chronic pain was not reported by the patients with prior anterior preperitoneal mesh repair. The mean operative time was 113 ± 31.3 minutes, and the mean postoperative stay was 1.62 ± 0.87 days. The Wong–Baker FACES rating scale score for pain on postoperative day 1 was 1.91 ± 1.5; on postoperative day 7, the score was 1.0 ± 0.89. None of these findings was significantly different from the findings in patients who had a prior anterior repair. A single patient experienced a further recurrence and underwent repeat TAPP.ConclusionsThe use of TAPP after failed combined anterior‐posterior mesh repair may be feasible and safe for recurrent groin hernia. Further study is needed to determine long‐term outcomes.
A local criterion of fairness in sport: Comparing the property advantages of Caster Semenya and Eero Mäntyranta with implications for the construction of categories in sport
Authors: Camporesi Silvia , Hämäläinen Mika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to bring a novel approach to the discussion of unfair advantages in sport by looking for a local criterion of fairness instead of a universal criterion. A local criterion of fairness would not solve the general dispute over what counts as an unfair advantage, but it would be beneficial in evaluating specific cases and could guide further discussion about them. We seek a local criterion of fairness by comparing the specific property advantages of Caster Semenya and Eero Mäntyranta. South African Semenya is a middle‐distance runner whose right to compete in the female category has been challenged owing to her assumed difference of sex development and related high level of testosterone. Finnish Mäntyranta was a cross‐country skier with an exceptionally high haematocrit level. We examine whether there is a relevant difference between their advantages that would justify treating the athletes differently. We propose that the criterion ‘not attainable by other athletes in the same category’ could stand as a local criterion of fairness under certain conditions. However, its proper application requires further discussion on how to justify categories in sport.
From sink to source: Using offshore thermochronometric data to extract onshore erosion signals in Namibia
Authors: Wildman Mark , Gallagher Kerry , Chew David , Carter Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProducts of onshore passive continental margin erosion are best preserved in offshore sedimentary basins. Therefore, these basins potentially hold a recoverable record of the onshore erosion history. Here, we present apatite fission track (AFT) data for 13 samples from a borehole in the southern Walvis basin, offshore Namibia. All samples show AFT central ages older or similar to their respective stratigraphic ages, while many single grain ages are older, implying none of the samples has been totally annealed post‐deposition. Furthermore, large dispersion in single grain ages in some samples suggests multiple age components related to separate source regions. Using Bayesian mixture modelling we classify single grain ages from a given sample to particular age components to create ‘subsamples’ and then jointly invert the entire dataset to obtain a thermal history. For each sample, the post‐depositional thermal history is required to be the same for all age components, but each component (‘subsample’) has an independent pre‐depositional thermal history. With this approach we can resolve pre‐ and post‐depositional thermal events and identify changes in sediment provenance in response to the syn‐ and post‐rift tectonic evolution of Namibia and southern Africa. Apatite U‐Pb and compositional data obtained during the acquisition of LA‐ICP‐MS FT data are also presented to help track changes in provenance with time. We constrain multiple thermal events linked to the exhumation and burial history of the continental and offshore sectors of the margin over a longer timescale than has been possible using only onshore AFT thermochronological data.
Roles of cytokines and T cells in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis
Authors: Uzawa A , Kuwabara S , Suzuki S , Imai T , Murai H , Ozawa Y , Yasuda M , Nagane Y , Utsugisawa K 
Published: November 2020

SummaryMyasthenia gravis (MG) is characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue caused by the presence of autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) or the muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK). Activated T, B and plasma cells, as well as cytokines, play important roles in the production of pathogenic autoantibodies and the induction of inflammation at the neuromuscular junction in MG. Many studies have focused on the role of cytokines and lymphocytes in anti-AChR antibody-positive MG. Chronic inflammation mediated by T helper type 17 (Th17) cells, the promotion of autoantibody production from B cells and plasma cells by follicular Th (Tfh) cells and the activation of the immune response by dysfunction of regulatory T (Treg) cells may contribute to the exacerbation of the MG pathogenesis. In fact, an increased number of Th17 cells and Tfh cells and dysfunction of Treg cells have been reported in patients with anti-AChR antibody-positive MG; moreover, the number of these cells was correlated with clinical parameters in patients with MG. Regarding cytokines, interleukin (IL)-17; a Th17-related cytokine, IL-21 (a Tfh-related cytokine), the B-cell-activating factor (BAFF; a B cell-related cytokine) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL; a B cell-related cytokine) have been reported to be up-regulated and associated with clinical parameters of MG. This review focuses on the current understanding of the involvement of cytokines and lymphocytes in the immunological pathogenesis of MG, which may lead to the development of novel therapies for this disease in the near future.
A case of sporadic late‐onset nemaline myopathy without monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance/human immunodeficiency virus successfully treated with intravenous gamma globulin
Authors: Fukazawa Ryosuke , Cho Masanori , Hidaka Yukihiro , Takezawa Hidesato , Ogasawara Masashi , Nishino Ichizo , Fujii Akihiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSporadic late‐onset nemaline myopathy (SLONM) is an acquired form of nemaline myopathy developed in adulthood. Due to its rarity, standard treatment has not been established albeit some reports suggest treatment efficacy.Case presentationA 75‐year‐old woman developed progressive muscle weakness in her extremities 3 years previously. Muscle biopsy revealed nemaline bodies, which led to the diagnosis of SLONM. M protein, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigen/antibody, and urine Bence‐Jones protein were all negative. Muscle strength gradually improved after receiving two courses of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg).ConclusionsIVIg may be effective in SLONM without monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance or HIV infection by improving symptoms and suppressing the progression.
Asymmetrical manifestation of faciobrachial dystonic seizures in leucine‐rich, glioma‐inactivated 1 antibody encephalitis: A case report
Authors: Harada Shizuka , Inatomi Yuichiro , Nakajima Makoto , Nakane Shunya , Matsubara Soichiro , Takamatsu Kotaro , Yonehara Toshiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeucine‐rich, glioma‐inactivated (LGI1) antibody encephalitis is a rare autoimmune encephalitis characterized by faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), temporal lobe epilepsy, prominent short‐term memory deficits and altered mental status. FBDS are very brief, frequent stereotypical dystonic seizures of the ipsilateral face, arms and legs. FBDS are often initially unilateral and evolve bilaterally or asynchronously.Case presentationA 49‐year‐old woman developed frequent FBDS of her right side. Fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging showed hyperintense lesions in the right striatum. She was treated with only anti‐epileptic agents. FBDS emerged on her left side soon after cessation of FBDS on her right side. LGI1 antibody was positive in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Steroid therapy was added on day 157, and thereafter, FBDS subsided completely, although cognitive impairment remained.ConclusionsA case of LGI1 antibody encephalitis with asymmetrical manifestation of FBDS after resolution of the first unilateral symptoms was described. This case suggests that LGI1 antibody encephalitis can affect each side of the brain asymmetrically and asynchronously.
You Love Them, but You Don’t Know Them: Recognizing and Welcoming Lived Experiences
Authors: Isselhardt Tiffany , Cross Lauren 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn 2016, Lisa Gilbert explored issues central to museums: inclusion, diversity, and relevance, which museums seek as they embrace their identities as truly democratic institutions. Yet, museums struggle with these issues because of “loving, knowing ignorance,” a feminist stance that Gilbert expands to include museums that assume authority over a subject yet fail to recognize the subject’s self‐knowledge and agency. Using Gilbert’s example, we explore Curator articles which address this ignorance through example and methodology, with a focus on museums who have successfully addressed their own ignorance as it relates to diversity within exhibition practice.