bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Symmetry Energy on the Equation of State for Simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae and Neutron-star Mergers
Authors: Shen Hong , Ji Fan , Hu Jinniu , Sumiyoshi Kohsuke 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We construct a new equation of state (EOS) for numerical simulations of core-collapse supernovae and neutron-star mergers based on an extended relativistic mean-field model with a small symmetry energy slope L, which is compatible with both experimental nuclear data and recent observations of neutron stars. The new EOS table (EOS4) based on the extended TM1 (TM1e) model with L = 40 MeV is designed in the same tabular form and compared with the commonly used Shen EOS (EOS2) based on the original TM1 model with

. This is convenient and useful for performing numerical simulations and examining the influences of symmetry energy and its density dependence on astrophysical phenomena. In comparison with the TM1 model used in EOS2, the TM1e model provides a similar maximum neutron-star mass but smaller radius and tidal deformability for a 1.4M
⊙ neutron star, which is more consistent with current constraints. By comparing the phase diagram and thermodynamic quantities between EOS4 and EOS2, it is found that the TM1e model predicts a relatively larger region of nonuniform matter and softer EOS for neutron-rich matter. Significant differences between EOS4 and EOS2 are observed in the case with low proton fraction, while the properties of symmetric matter remain unchanged.
Revising Natal Kick Prescriptions in Population Synthesis Simulations
Authors: Giacobbo Nicola , Mapelli Michela 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Natal kicks are a matter of debate and they significantly affect the merger rate density of compact objects. Here, we present a new simple formalism for natal kicks of neutron stars (NSs) and black holes (BHs). We describe the magnitude of the kick as

, where f
H05 is a normalization factor, drawn from a Maxwellian distribution with one-dimensional rms velocity σ = 265 km s−1, m
ej is the mass of the supernova (SN) ejecta, and m
rem is the mass of the compact object. This formalism matches the proper motions of young Galactic pulsars and can naturally account for the differences between core-collapse SNe of single stars, electron-capture SNe and ultra-stripped SNe occurring in interacting binaries. Finally, we use our new kick formalism to estimate the local merger rate density of binary NSs (R
BNS), BH–NS binaries (R
BHNS), and binary BHs (R
BBH), based on the cosmic star formation rate density and metallicity evolution. In our fiducial model, we find R
BNS ∼ 600 Gpc−3 yr−1, R
BHNS ∼ 10 Gpc−3 yr−1, and R
BBH ∼ 50 Gpc−3 yr−1, fairly consistent with the numbers inferred from the LIGO–Virgo collaboration.
Mass Bias of Weak-lensing Shear-selected Galaxy Cluster Samples
Authors: Chen Kai-Feng , Oguri Masamune , Lin Yen-Ting , Miyazaki Satoshi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We estimate the Eddington bias on weak-lensing mass measurements of shear-selected galaxy cluster samples. The mass bias is expected to be significant because constructions of cluster samples from peaks in weak-lensing mass maps and measurements of cluster masses from their tangential shear profiles share the same noise. We quantify this mass bias from large sets of mock cluster samples with analytical density profiles and realistic large-scale structure noise from ray-tracing simulations. We find that, even for peaks with signal-to-noise ratio larger than 4.0 in weak-lensing mass maps constructed in a deep survey with a high source galaxy number density of 30 arcmin−2, derived weak-lensing masses for these shear-selected clusters are still biased high by ∼55% on average. Such a large bias mainly originates from upscattered low-mass objects, which is an inevitable consequence of selecting clusters with a noisy observable directly linked to the mass measurement. We also investigate the dependence of the mass bias on different physical and observational parameters, finding that the mass bias strongly correlates with cluster redshifts, true halo masses, and selection signal-to-noise thresholds, but having moderate dependence on observed weak-lensing masses and survey depths. This bias, albeit considerable, can still be modeled accurately in statistical studies of shear-selected clusters, as the intrinsic scatter around the mean bias is found to be reasonable in size. We demonstrate that such a bias can explain the deviation in X-ray properties previously found on a shear-selected cluster sample. Our result will be useful for turning large samples of shear-selected clusters available in future surveys into potential probes of cosmology and cluster astrophysics.
LATIS: The Lyα Tomography IMACS Survey
Authors: Newman Andrew B. , Rudie Gwen C. , Blanc Guillermo A. , Kelson Daniel D. , Rhoades Sunny , Hare Tyson , Pérez Victoria , Benson Andrew J. , Dressler Alan , Gonzalez Valentino , Kollmeier Juna A. , Konidaris Nicholas P. , Mulchaey John S. , Rauch Michael , Fèvre Olivier Le , Lemaux Brian C. , Cucciati Olga , Lilly Simon J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We introduce LATIS, the Lyα Tomography IMACS Survey, a spectroscopic survey at Magellan designed to map the z = 2.2–2.8 intergalactic medium (IGM) in three dimensions by observing the Lyα forest in the spectra of galaxies and QSOs. Within an area of 1.7 deg2, we will observe approximately half of ≳L* galaxies at z = 2.2–3.2 for typically 12 hr, providing a dense network of sightlines piercing the IGM with an average transverse separation of 2.5 h
−1 comoving Mpc (1 physical Mpc). At these scales, the opacity of the IGM is expected to be closely related to the dark matter density, and LATIS will therefore map the density field in the z ∼ 2.5 universe at ∼Mpc resolution over the largest volume to date. Ultimately, LATIS will produce approximately 3800 spectra of z = 2.2–3.2 galaxies that probe the IGM within a volume of 4 × 106
h
−3 Mpc3, large enough to contain a representative sample of structures from protoclusters to large voids. Observations are already complete over one-third of the survey area. In this paper, we describe the survey design and execution. We present the largest IGM tomographic maps at comparable resolution yet made. We show that the recovered matter overdensities are broadly consistent with cosmological expectations based on realistic mock surveys, that they correspond to galaxy overdensities, and that we can recover structures identified using other tracers. LATIS is conducted in Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey fields, including COSMOS. Coupling the LATIS tomographic maps with the rich data sets collected in these fields will enable novel studies of environment-dependent galaxy evolution and the galaxy–IGM connection at cosmic noon.
Two-year Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Observations: 40 GHz Telescope Pointing, Beam Profile, Window Function, and Polarization Performance
Authors: Xu 徐智 Zhilei 磊 , Brewer Michael K. , Rojas Pedro Fluxá , Li 李云 Yunyang 炀 , Osumi Keisuke , Pradenas Bastián , Ali Aamir , Appel John W. , Bennett Charles L. , Bustos Ricardo , Chan Manwei , Chuss David T. , Cleary Joseph , Couto Jullianna Denes , Dahal Sumit , Datta Rahul , Denis Kevin L. , Dünner Rolando , Eimer Joseph R. , Essinger-Hileman Thomas , Gothe Dominik , Harrington Kathleen , Iuliano Jeffrey , Karakla John , Marriage Tobias A. , Miller Nathan J. , Núñez Carolina , Padilla Ivan L. , Parker Lucas , Petroff Matthew A. , Reeves Rodrigo , Rostem Karwan , Nunes Valle Deniz Augusto , Watts Duncan J. , Weiland Janet L. , Wollack Edward J. ,   (CLASS Collaboration)
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) is a telescope array that observes the cosmic microwave background (CMB) over 75% of the sky from the Atacama Desert, Chile, at frequency bands centered near 40, 90, 150, and 220 GHz. CLASS measures the large angular scale (1° ≲ θ

90°) CMB polarization to constrain the tensor-to-scalar ratio at the r ∼ 0.01 level and the optical depth to last scattering to the sample variance limit. This paper presents the optical characterization of the 40 GHz telescope during its first observation era, from 2016 September to 2018 February. High signal-to-noise observations of the Moon establish the pointing and beam calibration. The telescope boresight pointing variation is <0.°023 (<1.6% of the beam’s full width at half maximum (FWHM)). We estimate beam parameters per detector and in aggregate, as in the CMB survey maps. The aggregate beam has an FWHM of 1.°579 ± 0.°001 and a solid angle of 838 ± 6 μsr, consistent with physical optics simulations. The corresponding beam window function has a sub-percent error per multipole at ℓ < 200. An extended 90° beam map reveals no significant far sidelobes. The observed Moon polarization shows that the instrument polarization angles are consistent with the optical model and that the temperature-to-polarization leakage fraction is <10−4 (95% C.L.). We find that the Moon-based results are consistent with measurements of M42, RCW 38, and Tau A from CLASS’s CMB survey data. In particular, Tau A measurements establish degree-level precision for instrument polarization angles.
Standardised spider (Arachnida, Araneae) inventory of Lammi, Finland
Authors: Soukainen Arttu , Pajunen Timo , Korhonen Tuuli , Saarinen Joni , Chichorro Filipe , Jalonen Sonja , Kiljunen Niina , Koskivirta Nelli , Kuurne Jaakko , Leinonen Saija , Salonen Tero , Yrjölä Veikko , Fukushima Caroline , Cardoso Pedro 
Published: March 2020

In June 2019, an ecology field course of the University of Helsinki was held at Lammi Biological Station, Southern Finland. Within this course, the students familiarised themselves with field work and identification of spiders and explored the diversity of species in the area. Three sampling plots were chosen, one in grassland and two in boreal forest, to demonstrate the sampling techniques and, by applying a standardised protocol (COBRA), contribute to a global spider biodiversity project.
The collected samples contained a total of 3445 spiders, of which 1956 (57%) were adult. Only adult spiders were accounted for in the inventory due to the impossibility of identification of juveniles. A total of 115 species belonging to 17 families were identified, of which the majority (58 species, 50%) were Linyphiidae. Lycosidae and Theridiidae both had 11 species (10%) and all the other families had seven or fewer species. Linyphiidae were also dominant in terms of adult individuals captured, with 756 (39%), followed by 705 (36%) Lycosidae. Other families with more than 100 individuals were Thomisidae (196, 10%) and Tetragnathidae (102, 5%). The most abundant species were the lycosids Pardosa fulvipes (362, 19%) and Pardosa riparia (290, 15%) and the linyphiid Neriene peltata (123, 6%).
Quand les difficultés de séparation psychique altèrent la rencontre de l’autre
Authors: de Barbanson-Bourdier Élisabeth 
Published: March 2020

Cet article se propose d’éclairer les processus inconscients mobilisés dans la thérapie analytique du couple. Ceux-ci se centrent autour de deux axes : le pôle narcissique du lien et le pôle objectal du lien. Dans chacun de ces axes, la réflexion de l’auteur s’oriente sur les effets dans le couple des difficultés de séparation, de différenciation, de subjectivation et s’alimente de vignettes cliniques. La compréhension des difficultés de séparation psychique explique l’altération dans la rencontre de l’autre. L’article propose un éclairage sur le dispositif de thérapie en couple et son bénéfice.
Dans l’intervalle entre l’œuvre et l’auditeur : l’interprète de chansons
Authors: Hureau Serge , Hussenet Olivier 
Published: March 2020

Umberto Eco démarre son enquête sur l’interprétation des œuvres littéraires en distinguant trois types d’intentions : intentio auctoris , intentio operis et intentio lectoris ( Les limites de l’interprétation , Paris, Grasset, 1990, p. 29-32). Pour aborder la question de l’interprétation de chansons, nous choisissons de distinguer le travail d’interprétation de l’auteur ou du compositeur de la chanson (ou de la chanson elle-même) de ceux de l’artiste-interprète et du public. S’appuyant sur notre expérience d’artistes de scène et de formateurs d’artistes, et quoique non spécialistes de la théorie psychanalytique, nous formulons l’hypothèse que l’un des rôles majeurs de l’artiste-interprète consiste à instaurer une distance productrice de sens entre l’auditeur (ou le fan) et la chanson (fétiche porté par une idole).
Le jeu de l’interprétation et de la compréhension chez Freud et chez Lacan
Authors: Cléro Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2020

Si l’on s’intéresse au couple des mots « comprendre » et « interpréter », on s’aperçoit que la compréhension est beaucoup moins problématisée par Freud que ne l’est l’interprétation, alors que Lacan rééquilibre le doublet en interrogeant la compréhension presque autant que l’interprétation. Sur la compréhension, il défend une thèse : l’analyste comprend toujours trop, puisque ce qu’il comprend est précisément ce que ne comprend pas l’analysant ; et ce qui est à comprendre est très exactement ce qui fait que ce dernier ne comprend pas. Sur l’interprétation, presque toujours comprise en rapport dialectique avec la compréhension, la thèse est moins forte, mais l’originalité est plus grande, puisqu’il fait un usage, inattendu et pour ainsi dire discret, de la théorie benthamienne des fictions que lui a indiquée son ami R. Jakobson. C’est donc à une logique des fictions qu’il soumet l’interprétation, avec le jeu qu’il emprunte à Bentham entre le réel, le symbolique et l’imaginaire ; et avec sa possibilité de renversement de réel en symbolique et de symbolique en réel, qui lui permet de poser ce qu’on appelle, en logique et en mathématique, les « problèmes inverses » et de les introduire en psychanalyse. Il ne s’agit évidemment pas de soutenir la thèse excessive que l’usage de la théorie des fictions dans son système RSI soit la seule dimension de l’interprétation.
Mixed Shock States: A Case for the Pulmonary Artery Catheter
Authors: Thurman Paul 
Published: March 2020

The pulmonary artery catheter is a valuable tool available to the clinician for use in deciphering complex hemodynamic scenarios. Patients in shock, particularly those who are elderly or have premorbid conditions such as heart failure, may have atypical presentations. Additional hemodynamic data may help identify interventions that might seem counterintuitive, such as the use of vasoconstrictors in patients with low cardiac output.
Interpretation of pulmonary artery hemodynamic data is a skill that should not be relegated to the past. This article reviews the use of a pulmonary artery catheter in mixed shock states. A case study is used to demonstrate how pulmonary artery catheter hemodynamic values can guide the care of these patients.
Super-predation and intraguild interactions in a multi-predator-one-prey system alter the abundance and behaviour of green peach aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Khudr Mouhammad Shadi , Fliegner Lea , Buzhdygan Oksana Y. , Wurst Susanne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe dynamics of interactions amongst natural enemies are central to the investigation of insect pest ecology. Ternary and quaternary interactions between parasitoids and predators in the presence of entomophagous organisms are yet to be comprehensively explored. We investigated the performance of a clone of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae(Sulzer); Hemiptera: Aphididae), raised on savoy cabbage (Brassica oleraceaLinnaeus; Brassicaceae), under all possible combinations of: I) the parasitoidAphidius colemaniViereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae); II) the predatorChrysoperla carnea(Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae); III) the predatorAdalia bipunctata(Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae); and IV) the spiderParasteatoda tepidariorum(Koch) (Araneae: Theridiidae). We demonstrate a considerably differential green peach aphid abundance, polyphenism, and fine-scale spatial distribution in response to the combination, number, and identity of the present enemy species and their interactions. Surprisingly, certain combinations led to thriving green peach aphid populations due to interference between enemies; whereas, other combinations resulted in tangible collective suppression of the population. At the frontier of agroecology and entomology, we provide fresh insights on the effects of conflict and synergy between natural enemies sharing a pest of a cash crop as prey, highlighting the consequences of the presence of a novel synanthropic spider, as a top predator, on pest regulation.
Félix Candela en Madrid. La insólita geometría del techo del vestíbulo central de la estación de sol
Authors: García García Rafael 
Published: March 2020

<p>El techo del vestíbulo principal de la madrileña estación de Sol contiene una de las estructuras más peculiares de toda la red del metro de Madrid. Dentro del tipo de losas planas con nervaduras, al que pertenece, fue diseñado mediante una geometría totalmente original y sin precedentes conocidos. Terminada en 1987, su diseñador fue Félix Candela, y con ella realizó, dentro de su etapa de colaboración con la empresa de ingeniería TYPSA, una obra singular que lo es incluso dentro de su propia y reconocida trayectoria. El objeto de este trabajo es el análisis del diseño de la losa del techo del vestíbulo, con el propósito fundamental de revelar su geometría, poner de manifiesto las particulares propiedades de su dibujo y hacer algunas hipótesis sobre determinados aspectos constructivos relacionados con lo anterior.</p>
Responses of soil water storage and crop water use efficiency to changing climatic conditions: a lysimeter-based space-for-time approach
Authors: Groh Jannis , Vanderborght Jan , Pütz Thomas , Vogel Hans-Jörg , Gründling Ralf , Rupp Holger , Rahmati Mehdi , Sommer Michael , Vereecken Harry , Gerke Horst H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Future crop production will be affected by climatic
changes. In several regions, the projected changes in total rainfall and
seasonal rainfall patterns will lead to lower soil water storage (SWS), which
in turn affects crop water uptake, crop yield, water use efficiency (WUE), grain
quality and groundwater recharge. Effects of climate change on those
variables depend on the soil properties and were often estimated based on
model simulations. The objective of this study was to investigate the
response of key variables in four different soils and for two different
climates in Germany with a different aridity index (AI): 1.09 for the wetter
(range: 0.82 to 1.29) and 1.57 for the drier (range: 1.19 to 1.77) climate. This is done
by using high-precision weighable lysimeters. According to a
“space-for-time” (SFT) concept, intact soil monoliths that were moved to sites
with contrasting climatic conditions have been monitored from April 2011
until December 2017. Evapotranspiration (ET) was lower for the same soil under the relatively drier
climate, whereas crop yield was significantly higher, without affecting grain
quality. Especially “non-productive” water losses (evapotranspiration out of
the main growing period) were lower, which led to a more efficient crop water
use in the drier climate. A characteristic decrease of the SWS for soils
with a finer texture was observed after a longer drought period under a
drier climate. The reduced SWS after the drought remained until the end of
the observation period which demonstrates carry-over of drought from one
growing season to another and the overall long-term effects of single
drought events. In the relatively drier climate, water flow at the soil
profile bottom showed a small net upward flux over the entire monitoring
period as compared to downward fluxes (groundwater recharge) or drainage in
the relatively wetter climate and larger recharge rates in the coarser- as
compared to finer-textured soils. The large variability of recharge from
year to year and the long-lasting effects of drought periods on the SWS imply
that long-term monitoring of soil water balance components is necessary to
obtain representative estimates. Results confirmed a more efficient crop
water use under less-plant-available soil moisture conditions. Long-term effects of
changing climatic conditions on the SWS and ecosystem productivity should be
considered when trying to develop adaptation strategies in the agricultural
sector.
Brief communication: Evaluation of the near-surface climate in ERA5 over the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Delhasse Alison , Kittel Christoph , Amory Charles , Hofer Stefan , van As Dirk , S. Fausto Robert , Fettweis Xavier 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The ERA5 reanalysis, recently made available by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), is a new reanalysis product at a high resolution replacing ERA-Interim and is considered to provide the best climate reanalysis over Greenland to date. However, so far little is known about the performance of ERA5 over the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). In this study, we compare the near-surface climate from the new ERA5 reanalysis to ERA-Interim, the Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR) as well as to a state-of-the-art polar regional climate model (MAR). The results show (1) that ERA5 does not outperform ERA-Interim significantly when compared with near-surface climate observations over GrIS, but ASR better models the near-surface temperature than both ERA reanalyses. (2) Polar regional climate models (e.g., MAR) are still a useful tool to downscale the GrIS climate compared to ERA5, as in particular the near-surface temperature in summer has a key role for representing snow and ice processes such as the surface melt. However, assimilating satellite data and using a more recent radiative scheme enable both ERA and ASR reanalyses to represent more satisfactorily than MAR the downward solar and infrared fluxes. (3) MAR near-surface climate is not affected when forced at its lateral boundaries by either ERA5 or ERA-Interim. Therefore, forcing polar regional climate models with ERA5 starting from 1950 will enable long and homogeneous surface mass balance reconstructions.