bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablets of Lornoxicam Solid Dispersions
Authors: Mohammadi Hafsa , V Hemanath Kumar , S Roshan , D. V. R. N. Bhikshapathi 
Published: August 2020

Lornoxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the oxicam class. It belongs to BCS class II substance with low solubility and high permeability. The aim of current research is to formulate solid dispersion incorporated Fast disintegrating tablets of Lornoxicam to enhance the dissolution rate and aqueous solubility and to enable faster onset of action. Solid dispersions are prepared with polymers like Kolliwax GMS, Soluplus and HPMC in three different ratios 1:1:1, 1:2:1 and 1:3:1. Formulations were characterized for drug content studies, drug release studies, and drug-polymer interactions using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum. The solid dispersions can be evaluated by in-vitro dissolution studies. The optimized solid dispersion SD9 was further used to prepare fast disintegrating tablet by direct compression method using 33 Response surface method (3 variables and 3 levels of superdisintegrants) by using Design of experiment software with superdisintegrants like locust bean gum, gum karaya, Plantago ovata. The values of pre-compression parameters evaluated were within prescribed limits that indicated good free flowing properties. The data obtained of post-compression parameters such as weight variation, hardness, friability, content uniformity, disintegration time (33 sec) and percentage drug release was maximum in LF24 (99.21±1.87%) within 10 minutes and was found to superior over Marketed formulation i.e., 87.27±0.27 %. From in vivo bioavailability studies the best formulation has shown Tmax of 1.0 h which was highly significant (P < 0.05) when compared with marketed formulation 2.5 h. The statistical significance was assessed by one-way analysis of variance. Therefore, the solid dispersions incorporated fast disintegrating tablets of Lornoxicam can be successfully used for improvement of dissolution, resulted in faster onset of action as indicated by in vivo studies. It can be concluded that fast disintegrating tablets using Lornoxicam solid dispersion could be used to improve better patient compliance with immediate action in the effective management of pain and inflammation.
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Enzalutamide
Authors: Nerkar Pankaj Padmakar , Ansari Sameer , Chalikwar Shailesh 
Published: August 2020

A simple, isocratic, and accurate reversed phase HPLC method was developed for the quantitative determination of enzalutamide. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Qualisil BDS C18 (250 mm x 4.6mm, 5 μm) column using methanol: ammonium acetate buffer pH 4.2 adjusted with glacial acetic acid: (60:40, v/v) as a mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and detection at 236nm. The linear range for enzalutamide were 2.0 to 10 μg/mL was obtained with correlation coefficients ≥ 0.998. The retention time was found to be 6.30min. Enzalutamide was subjected to stress conditions hydrolysis (acid, base) oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation and the stressed samples were analysed by the developed method. The method was validated for the precision, accuracy, linearity and robustness. The developed stability indicating method for enzalutamide was validated as per ICH guidelines.
Synthesis and Screening of Some Novel Thieno[2,3-d][1,2,3] triazine Derivatives as Non-sedative H1 Antihistaminics
Authors: Rabari Haribhai , Prajapati Beenkumar , Rajput Preeti 
Published: August 2020

Histamine receptor H1 antagonists are widely used as antihistamines for allergy conditions. The brain-penetrating antihistamines can cause sedation and some with poor-penetration do not cause sedation potential. In the present study, a new series of thieno[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazine derivatives 7a-e have been synthesized and screened for their H1 antihistaminic activity and sedation potential. Among all the screened compounds, compound 7b, 7c and 7d, show high H1 antihistaminic activity with IC50 value of 0.1 - 0.8 µM, which are comparable with that of the standard drug cetirizine. The sedative potential of the compounds was tested on albino mice using the photoactometer method. All the three compounds show less sedation potential than that of the standard drug diphenhydramine. In conclusion, the novel compounds appear with promising potential as non-sedating antihistamine agents.
An Investigation of Poorly Studied Open Cluster NGC 4337 Using Multicolor Photometric and Gaia DR2 Astrometric Data
Authors: Bisht D. , Elsanhoury W. H. , Zhu Qingfeng , Sariya Devesh P. , Yadav R. K. S. , Rangwal Geeta , Durgapal Alok , Jiang Ing-Guey 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present a comprehensive analysis (photometric and kinematical) of the poorly studied open cluster NGC 4337 using 2MASS, WISE, APASS, and Gaia DR2 databases. By determining the membership probabilities of stars, we identified the 624 most probable members with membership probability higher than 50% by using proper motion and parallax data taken from Gaia DR2. The mean proper motion of the cluster is obtained as

and μ

y
= 1.49 ± 0.006 mas yr−1. We find the normal interstellar extinction toward the cluster region. The radial distribution of members provides a cluster radius of 7.′75 (5.63 pc). The estimated age of 1600 ± 180 Myr indicates that NGC 4337 is an old open cluster with a bunch of red giant stars. The overall mass function slope for main-sequence stars is found as

within the mass range 0.75−2.0

, which is in fair agreement with Salpeter’s value (x = 1.35) within uncertainty. The present study demonstrates that NGC 4337 is a dynamically relaxed open cluster. Using the Galactic potential model, Galactic orbits are obtained for NGC 4337. We found that this object follows a circular path around the Galactic center. Under the kinematical analysis, we compute the apex coordinates (A, D) by using two methods: (i) the classical convergent point method and (ii) the AD-diagram method. The obtained coordinates are (A
conv, D
conv) = (96.°27 ± 0.°10, 13.°14 ± 0.°27) and (A
◦, D
◦) = (100.°282 ± 0.°10, 9.°577 ± 0.°323) respectively. We also computed the Velocity Ellipsoid Parameters, matrix elements (μ

ij
), direction cosines (l

j
, m

j
, n

j
), and the Galactic longitude of the vertex (l
2).
Self-consistent Color–Stellar Mass-to-light Ratio Relations for Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
Authors: Du Wei , McGaugh Stacy S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The color–stellar mass-to-light ratio relation (CMLR) is a widely accepted tool for estimating the stellar mass (M
*) of a galaxy. However, an individual CMLR tends to give distinct M
* for a same galaxy when it is applied in different bands. Examining five representative CMLRs from the literature, we find that the difference in M
* predicted in different bands from optical to near-infrared by a CMLR is 0.1 ∼ 0.3 dex. Based on a sample of low surface brightness galaxies that covers a wide range of color and luminosity, we therefore recalibrated each original CMLR in r, i, z, J, H, and K bands to give internally self-consistent M
* for a same galaxy. The g–r is the primary color indicator in the recalibrated relations, which show little dependence on red (r–z) or near-infrared (J–K) colors. Additionally, the external discrepancies in the originally predicted γ
* by the five independent CMLRs have been greatly reduced after recalibration, especially in the near-infrared bands, implying that the near-infrared luminosities are more robust in predicting γ
*. For each CMLR, the recalibrated relations provided in this work could produce internally self-consistent M
* from divergent photometric bands, and are extensions of the recalibrations from the Johnson–Cousin filter system by the pioneering work of McGaugh & Schombert to the filter system of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.
X-Ray Hotspots in the Northwest Shell of the Supernova Remnant RX J1713.7−3946
Authors: Higurashi Ryota , Tsuji Naomi , Uchiyama Yasunobu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7–3946 is one of the best-studied accelerators of cosmic rays because of its strong nonthermal X-ray and gamma-ray radiation. We have analyzed accumulated Chandra observations with a total exposure time of ∼266 ks in the northwest rim of RX J1713.7–3946. We detect a substantially large number of point-like sources, referred to as “hotspots,” which are likely associated with the remnant. The spectra of the hotspots are well described by an absorbed power-law model. The spectral properties (

and 0.5 ≲ Γ ≲ 6) are different from diffuse X-ray emission in RX J1713.7–3946, and the harder hotspot tends to have the larger N
H. We also confirm yearly and monthly variabilities of flux for some hotspots. We propose that RX J1713.7–3946 is embedded in a complex surroundings where some dense molecular clumps and cores exist inside a wind-blown cavity, and that the hotspot traces synchrotron emission caused by an interaction of shock waves of the SNR and dense molecular cores with a number density of 105–107 cm−3. The X-ray radiation of the hotspot might be emitted both from primary electrons accelerated at the shocks and secondary electrons produced by the interaction of accelerated protons with the cores.
An Exploration of Tensor Virial Equilibrium in Magnetized Molecular Cloud Cores
Authors: Franzmann E. L. , Fiege J. D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
PolCat is a software package designed to generate and constrain models of triaxial, magnetized molecular cloud cores using submillimeter polarization and continuum intensity data. Such models often compare well with observational data, but they are mathematically degenerate. As a result, many allowed models are either very elongated or flattened, and far from virial equilibrium. We present a tensor virial analysis of PolCat models with the aim of developing an optional new regularization constraint that can be used on the fly during the PolCat modeling process. This constraint is intended to guide PolCat toward models that are in or close to equilibrium on all three principal axes. While we have found the expected families of spheroidal solutions in tensor virial balance, we have also found a population of triaxial cores that are in three-axis tensor virial equilibrium. We find that models generated using the virial constraint have much more realistic shapes, with very elongated or flattened solutions now absent. Thus, these show that the tensor virial constraint may be useful for restricting PolCat’s solution space to more realistic models, thereby also reducing the degeneracy inherent in our approach. We also perform a Monte Carlo analysis to predict the range of projected axis ratios present in the population of equilibrium solutions to suggest how these cores may appear when observed.
Characterizing Quasar C iv Emission-line Measurements from Time-resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Rivera Angelica B. , Richards Gordon T. , Hewett Paul C. , Rankine Amy L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We use multiepoch quasar spectroscopy to determine how accurately single-epoch spectroscopy can locate quasars in emission-line parameter space in order to inform investigations where time-resolved spectroscopy is not available. We explore the improvements in emission-line characterization that result from using nonparametric information from many lines as opposed to a small number of parameters for a single line, utilizing reconstructions based on an independent component analysis applied to the data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping project. We find that most of the quasars are well described by just two components, while more components signal a quasar likely to yield a successful reverberation mapping analysis. In single-epoch spectroscopy the apparent variability of equivalent width is exaggerated because it is dependent on the continuum. Multiepoch spectroscopy reveals that single-epoch results do not significantly change where quasars are located in C iv parameter space and do not have a significant impact on investigations of the global Baldwin effect. Quasars with emission-line properties indicative of higher L/L
Edd are less variable, consistent with models with enhanced accretion disk density. Narrow absorption features at the systemic redshift may be indicative of orientation (including radio-quiet quasars) and may appear in as much as 20% of the quasar sample. Future work applying these techniques to lower-luminosity quasars will be important for understanding the nature of accretion disk winds.
The Star Formation Rate–Radius Connection: Data and Implications for Wind Strength and Halo Concentration
Authors: Lin Lin , Faber S. M. , Koo David C. , Salim Samir , Dutton Aaron A. , Fang Jerome J. , Jiang Fangzhou , Lee Christoph T. , Rodríguez-Puebla Aldo , Wel A. van der , Guo Yicheng , Barro Guillermo , Primack Joel R. , Dekel Avishai , Chen Zhu , Luo Yifei , Pandya Viraj , Somerville Rachel S. , Ferguson Henry C. , Kassin Susan , Koekemoer Anton M. , Grogin Norman A. , Galametz Audrey , Santini P. , Nayyeri Hooshang , Stefanon Mauro , Dahlen Tomas , Mobasher Bahram , Hao Lei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper is one in a series that explores the importance of radius as a second parameter in galaxy evolution. The topic investigated here is the relationship between star formation rate (SFR) and galaxy radius (

) for main-sequence star-forming galaxies. The key observational result is that, over a wide range of stellar mass and redshift in both CANDELS and SDSS, there is little correlation between SFR and

at fixed stellar mass. The Kennicutt–Schmidt law, or any similar density-related star formation law, then implies that smaller galaxies must have lower gas fractions than larger galaxies (at fixed

), and this is supported by observations of gas in local star-forming galaxies. We investigate the implications by adopting the equilibrium “bathtub” model: the ISM gas mass is assumed to be constant over time, and the net SFR is the difference between the accretion rate of gas onto the galaxy from the halo and the outflow rate due to winds. To match the observed null correlation between SFR and radius, the bathtub model requires that smaller galaxies at fixed mass have weaker galactic winds. Our hypothesis is that galaxies are a two-parameter family whose properties are set mainly by halo mass and concentration. These determine the radius and gas accretion rate, which in turn predict how wind strength needs to vary with

to keep the SFR constant.
Impact of an Active Sgr A* on the Synthesis of Water and Organic Molecules throughout the Milky Way
Authors: Liu Chang , Chen Xian , Du Fujun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sgr A*, the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in our Galaxy, is dormant today, but it should have gone through multiple gas-accretion episodes in the past billions of years to grow to its current mass of 4 × 106
M
⊙. Each episode temporarily ignites the SMBH and turns the Galactic Center into an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Recently, we showed that the AGN could produce large amounts of hard X-rays that can penetrate the dense interstellar medium in the Galactic plane. Here we further study the impact of X-rays on the molecular chemistry in our Galaxy. We use a chemical-reaction network to simulate the evolution of several molecular species, including H2O, CH3OH, and H2CO, both in the gas phase and on the surface of dust grains. We find that X-ray irradiation could significantly enhance the abundances of these species. The effect is most significant in young, high-density molecular clouds and could be prominent at a Galactic distance of 8 kpc or smaller. The imprint in the chemical abundance is visible even several million years after the AGN turns off.
Correlation of Structure and Stellar Properties of Galaxies in Stripe 82
Authors: Sachdeva Sonali , Ho Luis C. , Li Yang A. , Shankar Francesco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Establishing a correlation (or lack thereof) between the bimodal color distribution of galaxies and their structural parameters is crucial to understand the origin of bimodality. To achieve that, we have performed a 2D mass-based structural decomposition (bulge+disk) of all disk galaxies (total = 1263) in the Herschel imaging area of the Stripe 82 region using Ks-band images from the VICS82 survey. The scaling relations thus derived are found to reflect the internal kinematics and are employed in combination to select an indubitable set of classical- and pseudo-bulge-hosting disk galaxies. The rest of the galaxies (<20%) are marked as disks with “ambiguous” bulges. Pseudo- and classical bulge–disk galaxies exhibit clear bimodality in terms of all stellar parameters (M
*, specific star formation rate, r − K

s
). All pseudo-bulge–disk galaxies are blue and star forming, and all classical bulge–disk galaxies are red and quiescent with less than 5% digressions. Ambiguous bulge–disk galaxies are intermediate to pseudo- and classical bulge–disk galaxies in the distribution of all structural and stellar parameters.

—based on the placement of bulges on the Kormendy relation—is found to be the most efficient single structural indicator of both bulge type and stellar activity. The placement of ambiguous bulge–disk galaxies on scaling relations and the fundamental plane, in addition to their peculiar stellar properties, suggests that they are dominantly part of the green valley.
Les conceptions de la justice sociale en Europe. Le cas de l’accès aux études supérieures
Authors: Charles Nicolas , Delès Romain 
Published: August 2020

Les systèmes d’enseignement supérieur des pays développés font face à une injonction contradictoire : sélectionner mais maintenir une relative ouverture des opportunités. Pour répondre simultanément à ces deux objectifs a priori opposés, les quatre pays étudiés dans cet article (Allemagne, Angleterre, France, Suède) aménagent des solutions de justice sociale variées. Par l’analyse des dispositifs d’action publique d’accès à l’enseignement supérieur, nous montrons que les pays se répartissent selon deux dimensions : leur conception du mérite – sur quel(s) critère(s) sélectionne-t-on ? – et les mécanismes de compensation de la sélection – comment est maintenue une relative ouverture des opportunités malgré la sélection ? L’article aboutit à une typologie des conceptions implicites de la justice sociale des différents systèmes d’enseignement supérieur et invite à s’interroger sur leurs dynamiques récentes.
Les paradoxes d’un programme d’ouverture sociale : les Conventions Éducation prioritaire à Sciences Po
Authors: Oberti Marco , Pavie Alice 
Published: August 2020

Cet article vise à interroger les fondements et les effets du modèle de justice sociale promu par le concours Convention Éducation prioritaire (CEP) de Sciences Po Paris. Il s’appuie sur les bases de données du service de la scolarité de Sciences Po, des entretiens avec des candidats et jurés et une analyse lexicale des grilles d’évaluation des entretiens d’admission. Dispositif de discrimination positive « à la française », ce modèle se révèle paradoxal. Il propose une vision renouvelée du mérite comme reconnaissance des talents singuliers, censée relativiser sa dimension strictement académique et rompre avec le principe de standardisation des évaluations. Pourtant, loin de disparaître, cette dimension académique se recompose dans les modalités de sélection et continue de favoriser les meilleurs élèves sur le plan scolaire, dont une partie est issue des classes supérieures, et parmi eux les garçons. Loin d’être homogène, le recrutement du CEP repose sur deux viviers de candidats scolairement, socialement et territorialement contrastés.
« Juger la personne plutôt que l’acte ». Les ressorts sociaux de l’expérience juvénile de la justice des mineurs
Authors: Frauenfelder Arnaud , Bugnon Géraldine , Weil Armelle 
Published: August 2020

Cet article propose une analyse des carrières pénales juvéniles « par le bas », en articulant la perspective analytique que mobilise Aaron Cicourel dans son enquête pionnière avec des emprunts théoriques issus d’autres rives sociologiques. Alors que les recherches portant sur l’expérience juvénile de la justice pénale montrent que les trajectoires des jeunes s’inscrivent souvent dans de complexes allers-retours entre la légalité et l’illégalité, cet article révèle plus généralement qu’il est capital de donner à voir l’influence déterminante d’un monde social au-delà de l’institution de la justice et de combiner échelle d’observation in situ à un niveau d’analyse macro tant diachroniquement que synchroniquement. En documentant deux cas, cet article met en lumière les ressorts structurels objectifs et subjectifs impliqués dans l’expérience juvénile du traitement pénal et interroge en retour les effets de celui-ci sur la situation des jeunes. Par là, cet article vise à montrer combien la sociologie cicourelienne – par le soin conféré à l’analyse des « attentes d’arrière-plan » – permet de dresser des ponts entre des traditions théoriques présentées parfois comme antagonistes tout en mettant les chercheur∙e∙s travaillant sur la justice pénale et l’expérience de ses publics sur une piste intellectuellement fort stimulante.
La naissance de l’ontologie à Saint-Gall : Jacob Lorhard et la métaphysique monastique. Un état de la question
Authors: Lamanna Marco 
Published: August 2020

À proprement parler, la première «  ontologie » de l’histoire fut publiée en 1606 par Jacob Lorhard, recteur du Gymnasium réformé de Saint-Gall. L’article examine l’ontologie de Lorhard en la replaçant dans son contexte suisse, celui d’une «  municipalisation » de la théologie qui concerna aussi la métaphysique. Nous proposons d’abord une caractérisation «  macrologique » de l’ontologie scolastique moderne par différence d’avec les voies différentes empruntées par les métaphysiques jésuites du xvi e siècle. Au niveau «  micrologique » ensuite, le cas de Saint-Gall permet de comparer les modèles métaphysiques des réformés et ceux des moines de l’Abbaye bénédictine. Les métaphysiques monastiques offrent de nouvelles perspectives à la recherche sur la naissance de l’ontologie à l’époque moderne.
Leibniz s’est-il livré à l’ontologie ?
Authors: Devaux Michaël 
Published: August 2020

On rencontre trois occurrences d’ontologie chez Leibniz, dont deux sont des ratures. Quelle représentation avait-il, en tant que bibliothécaire, de la tradition ontologique telle qu’elle se déployait depuis Jakob Lorhard (que nous abordons ici d’un point de vue scolaire) ? Leibniz a failli faire de l’ontologie une catégorie de livres. Si Abraham Calov (1686), Johannes Clauberg (1691) et Stéphane Chauvin (1692) ont pu être à l’origine de deux occurrences leibniziennes, c’est la question de l’encyclopédie qui en forme le cadre. Le dernier texte est un antidote (1708) à la Metaphysica repurgata du socinien Stegmann. Leibniz, à la suite des Nouveaux essais , y distingue l’ontologie soumise au principe de contradiction et ce qu’il appelle la métaphysique réelle fondée sur le principe de raison.
L’ontologie dans le Lexicon philosophicum d’Étienne Chauvin
Authors: Gasparri Giuliano 
Published: August 2020

Le Lexicon philosophicum (1692 et 1713) d’Étienne Chauvin photographie une étape significative dans l’établissement de la terminologie de l’ontologie au sein de la scolastique moderne ; il enregistre la rupture définitive de l’unité de la métaphysique traditionnelle et sa dissolution dans plusieurs disciplines autonomes. La présente étude examine la constellation d’articles du Dictionnaire qui concernent la définition de la métaphysique et de ses branches, en s’arrêtant en particulier sur la notion claire et distincte de la substance, ou res , comme objet premier de l’ontologie. Quelques observations portent ensuite sur les sources de la doctrine de l’étant déployée dans le Lexicon , qui relève du courant «  claubergien » de l’ontologie, reçu par l’intermédiaire de l’œuvre du zurichois Johannes Lavater.