bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risks and characteristics of pancreatic cancer and pancreatic relapse in autoimmune pancreatitis patients
Authors: Ishikawa Takuya , Kawashima Hiroki , Ohno Eizaburo , Iida Tadashi , Suzuki Hirotaka , Uetsuki Kota , Yamada Kenta , Yashika Jun , Yoshikawa Masakatsu , Gibo Noriaki , Aoki Toshinori , Kataoka Kunio , Mori Hiroshi , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimWe examined the differences in the risks and characteristics of pancreatic relapse (PR) and pancreatic cancer (PC) in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 123 type 1 AIP patients with a median follow‐up of 55 months (interquartile range, 27–98). The following items were evaluated: (i) cumulative relapse rates and risk factors, (ii) the incidence of PC, (iii) PR versus PC, and (iv) outcomes after the appearance of morphological changes in the pancreas (focal enlargement, apparent mass lesions, or main pancreatic duct dilation).Results(i) The cumulative PR rates were 1.7% within 1 year, 11.5% within 3 years, and 22.6% within 5 years. Lack of maintenance therapy, IgG4‐related sclerosing cholangitis, and IgG4‐related kidney disease were identified as independent predictors of relapse. (ii) Two patients (1.6%) were diagnosed with PC at 17 and 22 months after initial AIP diagnosis. (iii) Thirteen (59.1%) and four (18.2%) patients with PR had focal enlargement and main pancreatic duct dilation, respectively. The median CA19‐9 level at initial diagnosis was significantly higher in PC patients (21 vs 220.5 U/mL, P = 0.014). (iv) Eight PR patients underwent endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration, none of whom had malignant findings. PC was diagnosed by ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration in both cancer patients.ConclusionsAlthough the incidence of PC is low, it may mimic PR in AIP patients. Surveillance is important, and when morphological changes occur, biopsy and evaluation of serum IgG4 and CA19‐9 levels (particularly if the levels were high before) should be considered.
Brunner’s gland hyperplasia in a geriatric chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), an infrequently reported lesion
Authors: Walker David , Arends Mark J. , Morrison Linda R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBenign duodenal tumours have very rarely been reported in captive non‐human primates and are also rare in human beings. Brunner's gland hyperplasia has not been fully described in a non‐human primate. Here, we report Brunner's gland hyperplasia in a geriatric chimpanzee, which was an incidental finding during post‐mortem examination.
From yellow to silver: Transforming cranial morphology in European eel (Anguilla anguilla)
Authors: Baan Jochem , De Meyer Jens , De Kegel Barbara , Adriaens Dominique 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe European eel (Anguilla anguilla) has been extensively studied, especially because of its highly specialized migratory behaviour associated with substantial phenotypic transformations. During this migration, one of those transformations the eel undergoes is from yellow to silver eel, a process known as silvering. Although the cranial morphology during the earlier glass, elver and yellow eel stages are well studied, little is known about actual morphological changes during the transformation process from the yellow to the silver eel stage. Yet, literature suggests drastic changes in musculoskeletal anatomy. Here, we investigated the cranial musculoskeletal morphology of 11 male European eels at different stages during silvering, resulting both from natural and artificial maturation. Using 3D‐reconstructed µCT data of the head, the skull and cranial muscles associated with jaw closing and respiration were studied. Eye size was used as a proxy for the silvering stage. Size‐adjusted jaw muscle volumes increased during silvering, although insignificantly. Accordingly, a near‐significant increase in bite force was observed. Respiratory muscles size did increase significantly during silvering, however. Considering the eel's long migration, which often includes deep and thus potentially oxygen‐poor environments, having a better performing respiratory system may facilitate efficient migration. Both overall skull dimensions and specifically orbit size increased with eye index, suggesting they play a role in accommodating the enlarging eyes during silvering. Finally, artificially matured eels had a wider and taller skull, as well as larger jaw muscles than wild silver eels. This could be caused (a) by different conditions experienced during the yellow eel stage, which are maintained in the silver eel stage, (b) by side effects of hormonal injections or (c) be part of the maturation process as artificially induced silver eels had a higher eye index than the wild silver eels.
Cosmeceutical awareness among community pharmacists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: The case of sunscreens and moisturizers
Authors: Kurban Nouf A. , Altwaim Shada A. , Altayeb Ghazal A. , Somali Njood A. , Almehmady Alshaimaa M. , Alharbi Waleed S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough cosmetic products such as sunscreens and moisturizers are generally considered safe, they can be less effective or harmful if used improperly. Thus, pharmacist's awareness about cosmeceuticals is pivotal in counseling about the ingredients and the proper use of such products.ObjectiveTo evaluate the awareness level of community pharmacists regarding cosmetic products particularly sunscreens and moisturizers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study conducted on 310 community pharmacists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in the duration (June‐November 2019).ResultsWith respect to the level of awareness toward sunscreen products, 74% of the participants demonstrated a clear understanding of Sun Protection Factor (SPF). In terms of sunscreen counseling and the impact of these products on drug‐induced photosensitivity, the average awareness of participants was 62% and 55%, respectively. However, only 16% of participants were aware of the expiry date. The average pharmacist's knowledge of the expiration date of the moisturizers and the proper use/ingredients was 86% and 58%, respectively, while only 42% of participants responded correctly to the instructions for application of moisturizers. Cross‐tabulation between the level of education and the need to acquire knowledge about cosmetics has shown that the majority of pharmacists has indicated that they need more knowledge about cosmetics.ConclusionAround 53% of community pharmacists are aware about the sunscreen part, while 62% have the knowledge about moisturizers. Hence, more cosmetic courses and workshops are recommended to raise level of awareness.
Development and psychometric evaluation of a Chinese version of auditory hallucination risk assessment scale in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Xingxing , Qi Wenwen , Chan Sally , Shi Zhongying 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo develop a Chinese version of Auditory Hallucination Risk Assessment Scale and evaluate its psychometric properties.BackgroundAuditory hallucination, a common symptom in schizophrenia, has the potential to cause harm to patients and the people around them. However, there has been a paucity of suitable instrument developed in Asian region that can comprehensively and reliably assess its risk and inform interventions.DesignThis study involved 2 stages, the development of the Auditory Hallucination Risk Assessment Scale (AHRAS) and testing the psychometric properties of AHRAS. We followed STROBE guidelines in reporting the study.MethodsAuditory Hallucination Risk Assessment Scale items were developed based on Symptom Management Theory, systematic literature review and findings of a qualitative study on the experience of auditory hallucinations. The items were evaluated by content validity. Auditory Hallucination Risk Assessment Scale was then tested for construct validity, concurrent validity, predictive validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability in a convenience sample of 156 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.ResultsThe final version of AHRAS has nine items. Two factors were extracted from AHRAS, which explained 57.74% of the total variance. The score of AHRAS was strongly correlated with that of the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales‐Auditory Hallucinations. The area under the curve was 0.90 for the overall AHRAS score. Sensitivity (86.5%) and specificity (80.0%) were maximal for a mean overall AHRAS score of 13.5, suggesting that this is an appropriate threshold for differentiation. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was 0.82, and intra‐class correlation coefficient for test–retest reliability was 0.84.ConclusionsAuditory Hallucination Risk Assessment Scale has good reliability and validity. It can be used in clinical settings in China and beyond to assess the risk of auditory hallucinations.Relevance to clinical practiceAuditory Hallucination Risk Assessment Scale can serve as a tool for nurses and other healthcare professionals to identify patients with high‐risk auditory hallucinations, monitor the changes of risk and inform nursing interventions.
Hypoperfusion Distal to Anterior Circulation Intracranial Atherosclerosis is Associated with Recurrent Stroke
Authors: de Havenon Adam , Khatri Pooja , Prabhakaran Shyam , Yeatts Sharon D , Peterson Cecilia , Sacchetti Daniel , Alexander Matthew , Cutting Shawna , Grory Brian Mac , Furie Karen , Liebeskind David S , Yaghi Shadi 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEIn patients with symptomatic vertebrobasilar intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD), impaired distal flow predicts recurrent stroke, but limited data exist on the association between perfusion status and recurrent stroke in anterior circulation ICAD.METHODSThis is a retrospective study of patients hospitalized for symptomatic ICAD with 50‐99% stenosis of the intracranial carotid or middle cerebral artery. The primary outcome is recurrent symptomatic ischemic stroke in the territory of the artery with ≥50% stenosis within 90 days. The primary predictor is distal hypoperfusion on magnetic resonance (MR) or computed tomography (CT) perfusion, defined as a ≥15 mL volume of territory of the symptomatic artery with Tmax >6 seconds.RESULTSFifty patients met inclusion criteria, including 15 (30%) with recurrent stroke and 15 (30%) with distal hypoperfusion. Distal hypoperfusion was present in 10 of 15 (66.7%) with recurrent stroke versus 5 of 35 (14.3%) without recurrent stroke (P < .001). The hazard ratio for recurrent stroke in patients with distal hypoperfusion was 6.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.31‐20.0).CONCLUSIONDistal hypoperfusion in acutely symptomatic ICAD with 50‐99% stenosis is associated with stroke recurrence. Distal hypoperfusion could be used to enrich future trials of secondary stroke prevention in ICAD patients.
Transfer of patients from a regional centre to a tertiary paediatric hospital for acute otolaryngology management: When is it necessary?
Authors: Ruskin Olivia R , Berkowitz Robert G 
Published: June 2020

AimTransfer of patients from a regional to a tertiary paediatric facility is sometimes required for management of otolaryngological conditions when the expertise available locally is insufficient to deal with the complexity of the case.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out over a 3‐year period of all patients under 18 years of age who were transferred to the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, primarily for otolaryngology management, from a regional hospital with an inpatient paediatric service and located 100 km or far from the Royal Children's Hospital.ResultsThirty‐nine patients (30 male, 9 female) were identified. The majority of patients (29, 74%) required surgical management, with the most common procedures being rigid bronchoscopy with or without foreign body removal (7 patients, 24%), drainage of deep neck space infection (7 patients, 24%) and bilateral choanal atresia repair (4 patients, 13%).ConclusionNotwithstanding the cost and inconvenience, transfer was necessary in essentially all cases in this study for either specialist surgical management or medical management of conditions that could have otherwise escalated in acuity. By inference, it would appear that most routine acute paediatric otolaryngology conditions are managed successfully in a regional setting.
The presence of neutrophils causes RANKL expression in periodontal tissue, giving rise to osteoclast formation
Authors: Kim Ae Ri , Kim Ji‑Hye , Choi Yun Hui , Jeon Yeong‐Eui , Cha Jeong‑Heon , Bak Eun‑Jung , Yoo Yun‑Jung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgrounds and ObjectiveIncreased neutrophil infiltration and osteoclast formation are key characteristics of periodontitis. The effect of these neutrophils on osteoclast formation in periodontitis remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of neutrophils on osteoclast formation in a neutrophil‐deficient mouse model of periodontitis.MethodsAnti‐Ly6G antibody (Ab) was used for neutrophil depletion in two mouse models: periodontitis and air pouch. In the periodontitis experiments, mice were divided into PBS‐administered control (C), control Ab‐administered periodontitis (P), and anti‐Ly6G Ab‐administered periodontitis (P + Ly6G) groups. Periodontitis was induced by ligature of mandibular first molars. In the air pouch experiments, mice were divided into PBS‐administered (C), LPS and control Ab‐administered (LPS), and LPS and anti‐Ly6G Ab‐administered (LPS + Ly6G) groups. Neutrophil migration into air pouches was induced by LPS injection. Flow cytometry was used to examine CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils in the blood of periodontitis mice and CD11b+Ly6G+RANKL+ neutrophils in exudates of air pouch mice. In periodontal tissue, Ly6G+ neutrophil and RANKL+ cell numbers in periodontal ligament and alveolar bone areas were estimated using immunohistochemistry, osteoclast numbers were measured using TRAP assay, and alveolar bone loss was determined by H&E staining.ResultsIn blood, CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils were found in greater percentage in the P group than in the C group on days 3 and 7. However, the percentage of neutrophils was lower in the P + Ly6G group than in the C and P groups. In periodontal tissue, the numbers of Ly6G+ neutrophils and RANKL+ cells were lower in the P + Ly6G group than in the P group on day 3. Ly6G+ neutrophil numbers decreased more in the P + Ly6G group than in the P group on day 7, but RANKL+ cell numbers did not decrease in the P + Ly6G group. In exudates, the number of CD11b+Ly6G+RANKL+ neutrophils was greater in the LPS group than in the C and LPS + Ly6G groups. On days 3 and 7, the numbers of osteoclasts and alveolar bone loss were greater in periodontal tissue in the P and P + Ly6G groups than in the C group. Interestingly, there were fewer osteoclasts in the P + Ly6G group than in the P group on day 3.ConclusionNeutrophil deficiency caused a reduction in numbers of both RANKL+ cells and osteoclasts in periodontitis‐induced tissues only on day 3. Furthermore, in the LPS‐injected air pouch model, neutrophil deficiency reduced the influx of RANKL+ neutrophils. These findings suggest that the presence of neutrophils induces RANKL expression and could induce osteoclast formation in the early stages of periodontitis.
Alpha‐terpineol complexed with beta‐cyclodextrin reduces damages caused by periodontitis in rats
Authors: Vasconcelos Any Carolina Cardoso Guimarães , Vasconcelos Daniel Fernando Pereira , da Silva Felipe Rodolfo Pereira , França Luiz Felipe de Carvalho , Alves Even Herlany Pereira , Di Lenardo David , Pessoa Larissa dos Santos , Nascimento Hélio Mateus Silva , Carvalho André dos Santos , Sousa Francisca Beatriz de Melo , Barbosa André Luiz dos Reis , Medeiros Jand‐Venes Rolim , Novaes Pedro Duarte , Mariano Flávia Sammartino , Lima Bruno dos Santos , Araujo Adriano Antunes de Souza , Júnior Lucindo José Quintans , de Oliveira Aldeídia Pereira 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the treatment with alpha‐terpineol (αTPN) complexed with beta‐cyclodextrin (βCD) on oral, blood, and hepatic parameters in ligature‐induced periodontitis.Material and MethodsForty female rats were distributed among the following groups: control (vehicle solution), periodontitis (ligature + vehicle solution), 5 mg/kg of αTPN‐βCD (ligature), and 25 mg/kg of αTPN‐βCD (ligature). Compounds were administered daily via intraperitoneal injection over a 20‐day period. Periodontitis was induced with the bilateral insertion of ligatures around the first lower molars of each rat. Oral parameters, as well as blood biomarkers, were measured: histopathological assessment of the hepatic tissue was carried out using light and transmission electron microscopy.ResultsThe treatment with αTPN‐βCD significantly improved several oral parameters and blood biomarkers in comparison with rats with periodontitis. In addition, the treatment with αTPN‐βCD significantly ameliorated the steatosis score and reduced the number of lipid droplets and the amount of foamy cytoplasm in the hepatocytes of rats with periodontitis.ConclusionThe results obtained suggest that the treatment with αTPN‐βCD improves several oral and blood parameters in rats with experimental periodontitis. In addition, hepatic alterations caused by periodontitis were ameliorated in the rats treated with αTPN‐βCD.
For Rural Hospitals That Merged, Inpatient Charges Decreased and Outpatient Charges Increased: A Pre‐/Post‐Comparison of Rural Hospitals That Merged and Rural Hospitals That Did Not Merge Between 2005 and 2015
Authors: Williams Dunc , Holmes G. Mark , Song Paula H. , Reiter Kristin L. , Pink George H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether inpatient and outpatient charges changed at rural hospitals after a merger.MethodsHospital mergers were derived from proprietary Irving Levin Associates data through manual review and validation. Hospital‐level characteristics were derived from HCRIS, CMS Impact File Hospital Inpatient Prospective Payment System, Hospital MSA file, AHRF, and US Census data. A difference‐in‐differences approach was used to determine whether inpatient and outpatient charges changed at rural hospitals after a merger. The comparison group, rural hospitals that did not merge at any point during the sample period, was weighted using inverse probability of treatment weights. Key outcome measures were total inpatient and total outpatient charges (logged).FindingsHospitals that merged billed 17.73% more inpatient charges and 12.66% more outpatient charges at baseline compared to hospitals that did not merge. Our results indicate that merging was associated with a 3.04% decrease in inpatient charges (P < .001) and a 1.07% increase in outpatient charges (P = .082). Merging was also associated with a 4.38% decrease in total revenue, a 3.58% decrease in net patient revenue, and no change in total inpatient discharges or average daily census.Conclusions & ImplicationsMerging was strongly associated with a decrease in inpatient charges and somewhat associated with an increase in outpatient charges for rural hospitals. Future work could build upon this work to determine whether acquirers reduce or eliminate certain services at rural hospitals after a merger, and ultimately how changes in service delivery could impact patients in those rural communities.
Impact of chronic liver disease on outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID‐19: A multicentre United States experience
Authors: Hashemi Nikroo , Viveiros Kathleen , Redd Walker D. , Zhou Joyce C. , McCarty Thomas R. , Bazarbashi Ahmad N. , Hathorn Kelly E. , Wong Danny , Njie Cheikh , Shen Lin , Chan Walter W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLiver injury has been described with COVID‐19, and early reports suggested 2%‐11% of patients had chronic liver disease (CLD). In this multicentre retrospective study, we evaluated hospitalized adults with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 and the impact of CLD on relevant clinical outcomes. Of 363 patients included, 19% had CLD, including 15.2% with NAFLD. Patients with CLD had longer length of stay. After controlling for age, gender, obesity, cardiac diseases, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes and pulmonary disorders, CLD and NAFLD were independently associated with ICU admission ([aOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.03‐3.04] and [aOR 2.30, 95% CI 1.27‐4.17]) and mechanical ventilation ([aOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.20‐3.60] and [aOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.18‐3.91]). Presence of cirrhosis was an independent predictor of mortality (aOR 12.5, 95% CI 2.16‐72.5). Overall, nearly one‐fifth of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients had CLD, which was associated with more critical illness. Future studies are needed to identify interventions to improve clinical outcomes.
Testing the Technology of Human Capital Production: A General‐to‐Restricted Framework
Authors: Jones Sam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStudies of childhood development have suggested human capital is accumulated in complex and nonlinear ways. Nonetheless, empirical analyses of this process often impose a linear functional form. This paper investigates which technology assumptions matter in quantitative models of human capital production. I propose a general‐to‐restricted procedure to test the production technology, placing constraints on a modified McCarthy function, from which transcendental, constant elasticity of substitution, log‐linear and linear models are obtained as special cases. Applying the procedure to data on child height from the Young Lives surveys, as well as cognitive skills, I find that the technology of human capital production is neither log‐linear nor linear‐in‐parameters; rather, past and present inputs act as complements. I recommend that maintained hypotheses underlying functional form choices should be tested on a routine basis.
Overcoming interspecific barriers in Sorghum and molecular characterization of the derivatives
Authors: Kurella B.R.S. Visarada 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCrop improvement in sorghum has progressed extensively availing the variation available in the primary gene pool of S. bicolor. Crossing further, the yield plateau can be accomplished by bringing in the genes from tertiary gene pool into the cultivated gene pool. Earlier efforts for wide hybridization in sorghum with tertiary gene pool were not successful due to inhibition of wild pollen germination on the stigma of cultivated species. In the current study, elite lines of cultivated Sorghum species were pollinated with wild species using different floral treatments. The results showed that spray with the synthetic auxin, 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, has promoted the seed set. Overall, 76% crosses showed seed set, but many seeds were underdeveloped and deformed. F1 progeny showed traits of both cultivated and wild parents. Hybrids were confirmed through PCR analysis. Many (80%) F1 plants were sterile, and 20% of F1s were advanced to F2 generation. Wide variation was observed in F2 progeny, and the phenotype selections were made and are being evaluated in the field.