bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autorregulación emocional y estrategias de afrontamiento como variables mediadoras del comportamiento prosocial
Authors: Barrero Toncel Virginia , Gonzáles-Bracamonte Yaninis , Cabas-Hoyos Kattia Paola 
Published: December 2020

Introducción: La adolescencia es vital para el desarrollo del ser humano y se caracteriza por una serie de transformaciones y demandas a nivel físico, cognitivo y emocional. A partir de esto, surgen cuestionamientos sobre una posible relación entre autorregulación emocional, estrategias de afrontamiento y comportamiento prosocial en esta población.
Objetivo: Revisar sistemáticamente estudios realizados entre 2009 y 2019, en torno a la autorregulación emocional, estrategias de afrontamiento y comportamiento prosocial.
Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura, bajo los parámetros de Preferred ReportingItems for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Se efectuó una búsqueda de estudios publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect y Redalyc, con las siguientes palabras clave: motional self-regulation, prosocial behavior, coping y adolescents. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos empíricos en inglés, portugués o español publicados entre el 2009 y el 2019 con muestras caracterizadas por adolescentes sanos.
Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 69 estudios, de los cuales 9 fueron escogidos como muestra final en la revisión de acuerdo con los criterios de elegibilidad, inclusión y exclusión. Se encontró relación significativa entre las variables tratadas en este texto y mediación entre autorregulación emocional y comportamiento prosocial.
Conclusiones: Se evidenciaron pocas investigaciones dirigidas a estudiar estos tres constructos, sin embargo, a través de diferentes trabajos se ha podido demostrar la relación entre estos, la incidencia que tienen entre sí y la importancia de ampliar las posibilidades de su investigación, medición y análisis en diferentes contextos.
PERUBAHAN JENIS LEUKOSIT PADA MENCIT YANG DIIMUNISASI DENGAN PLASMODIUM BERGHEI YANG DIRADIASI
Authors: Darlina Darlina 
Published: December 2020

PERUBAHAN JENIS LEUKOSIT PADA MENCIT YANG DIIMUNISASI DENGAN Plasmodium berghei YANG DIRADIASI. Untuk mengidentifikasi mekanisme kekebalan yang bersifat protektif telah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh radiasi terhadap perubahan jenis leukosit pada mencit yang diimunisasi dengan P.berghei yang diradiasi dengan dosis 175 Gy. Perubahan sel yang diidentifikasi meliputi set limfosit, monosit, dan granulosit. Mencit diimunisasi dengan 0,3 mJ vaksin P.berghei stadium eritrositik: yang mengandung ±1 x 107 parasit stadium eritrositik secara intraperitoneal. Pengamatan yang dilakukan pada hari ke-1 hingga 14 meliputi angka parasitemia, jumlah sel limfosit, monosit dan granulosit. Pengambilan sampel darah mencit diamati setiap dua hari sekali dengan mengambil darah perifer dari ujung ekor. Darah yang diperoleh dibuat sediaan apus darah tipis untuk menghitung jenis sel leukosit. Jumlah sel limfosit, monosit dan granulosit dihitung berdasarkan prosentase sel dan jumlah sel leukosit. Hasil penelitian jenis sel leukosit yang berperanan dalam respon imun, menunjukkan hasil sebagai berikut: mencit yang diinfeksi dengan parasit yang diradiasi kadar limfositnya meningkat 2 kali dari kadar normal pada hari ke-6 bahkan 20% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan mencit yang tidak diimunisasi. Pada mencit yang diimunisasi jumlah sel monosit meningkat hingga mencapai 8 kalinya pada hari ke-8. Persentase neutrofil tidak mengalami peningkatan bahkan terjadi sedikit penurunan dari jumlah awal. Keadaan tersebut mengesankan jenis leukosit yang berperan dalam mekanisme imunitas protektif selama infeksi malaria adalah limfosit dan monosit.
HJSTOPATOLOGI HATI DAN LIMPA MENCIT PASCA IMUNISASI BERULANG DAN UJI TANTANG DENGAN Plasmodium berghei IRADIASI GAMMA STADIUM ERITROSITIK
Authors: Rahardjo Tur , Nurhayati Siti 
Published: December 2020

HISTOPATOLOGI HATI DAN LIMPA MENCIT PASCA IMUNISASI BERULANG DAN UJl TANTANG DENGAN Plasmodium berghei IRADIASI GAMMA STADIUM ERITROSITIK. Pengembangan vaksin malaria merupakan hal yang cukup penting saat ini seiring dengan meningkatnya resistensi plasmodium terhadap obat anti malaria. Salah satu cara untuk melemahkan plasmodium sebagai parasit penyebab malaria dalam pengembangan vaksin malaria adalah dengan menggunakan radiasi sinar gamma. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya memperlihatkan bahwa dosis radiasi sinar gamma 175 Gy lebih efektif dalam melemahkan Plasmodium berghei stadium eritrositik dibandingkan dengan dosis 150 Gy. Tujuan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas dosis irradiasi 175 Gy berdasarkan pemeriksaan gambaran histologi organ hati dan limpa mencit pasca imunisasi berulang (booster) dan uji tantang dengan menggunakan P. berghei irradiasi 175 Gy. Sebanyak 10 ekor mencit (satu ulangan) diinfeksi dengan P. berghei 1x107 stadium eritrositik iradiasi 175 Gy. Hari ke 7 dan 14 mencit diinfeksikan kembali dengan 1x107 P. berghei stadium eritrositik yang telah diiradiasi 175 Gy. Hari ke 8 dan ke 16 mencit dibunuh dan diambil organ hati dan limpa untuk dibuat preparat histologinya. Mencit yang tersisa kemudian dipelihara hingga hari ke 40 (satu hari sebelum uji tantang) dan dibunuh satu ekor mencit dan diambil organ hati dan limpanya untuk dibuat preparat histologinya. Hari ke 41 dilakukan uji tantang yaitu dengan menginfeksikan P. berghei yang tidak diiradiasi sebanyak 1x105 terhadap dua ekor mencit yang tersisa. Enam hari pasca uji tantang satu mencit dibunuh untuk dibuat preparat hitologi hati dan limpa. Terakhir pada dua puluh satu hari pasca uji tantang mencit dibunuh untuk dibuat preparat histologi hati dan limpanya. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa terjadi perbaikan pada struktur hati dan limpa mencit pasca uji tantang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa imunisasi berulang (booster) dengan P.berghei stadium eritrositik iradiasi 175 Gy memberikan respon imun yang lebih baik pada mencit.
Revisiting California’s Past Great Earthquakes and Long-Term Earthquake Rate
Authors: Hough Susan E. , Page Morgan , Salditch Leah , Gallahue Molly M. , Lucas Madeleine C. , Neely James S. , Stein Seth 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTIn this study, we revisit the three largest historical earthquakes in California—the 1857 Fort Tejon, 1872 Owens Valley, and 1906 San Francisco earthquakes—to review their published moment magnitudes, and compare their estimated shaking distributions with predictions using modern ground-motion models (GMMs) and ground-motion intensity conversion equations. Currently accepted moment magnitude estimates for the three earthquakes are 7.9, 7.6, and 7.8, respectively. We first consider the extent to which the intensity distributions of all three earthquakes are consistent with a moment magnitude toward the upper end of the estimated range. We then apply a GMM-based method to estimate the magnitudes of large historical earthquakes. The intensity distribution of the 1857 earthquake is too sparse to provide a strong constraint on magnitude. For the 1872 earthquake, consideration of all available constraints suggests that it was a high stress-drop event, with a magnitude on the higher end of the range implied by scaling relationships, that is, higher than moment magnitude 7.6. For the 1906 earthquake, based on our analysis of regional intensities and the detailed intensity distribution in San Francisco, along with other available constraints, we estimate a preferred moment magnitude of 7.9, consistent with the published estimate based on geodetic and instrumental seismic data. These results suggest that, although there can be a tendency for historical earthquake magnitudes to be overestimated, the accepted catalog magnitudes of California’s largest historical earthquakes could be too low. Given the uncertainties of the magnitude estimates, the seismic moment release rate between 1850 and 2019 could have been either higher or lower than the average over millennial time scales. It is further not possible to reject the hypothesis that California seismicity is described by an untruncated Gutenberg–Richter distribution with a b-value of 1.0 for moment magnitudes up to 8.0.
Impact of SSKI vs. Corticosteroids on Total Thyroidectomy for Graves Disease: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Baumgartner Timothy , Allison Hannah , McDow Alexandria 
Published: December 2020

Background: Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder resulting in overproduction of thyroid hormone. While medical management can be used to reestablish euthyroid state, definitive management includes radioactive iodine or total thyroidectomy. For patients undergoing thyroidectomy, SSKI is frequently prescribed preoperatively to decrease thyroid vascularity and intraoperative blood loss. However, corticosteroids is often given when rapid preparation is necessary prior to surgery. This study explores the impact of SSKI compared to corticosteroids and hypothesizes that replacement of SSKI with corticosteroid will improve surgical outcomes.
Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 26 Graves patients undergoing total thyroidectomy from 2015-2020. 18 patients received SSKI prior to surgery, 2 received a corticosteroid in addition to SSKI, 1 received a corticosteroid alone, and 5 received neither. Symptomatology, length of stay, intraoperative blood loss, transient hypoparathyroidism, and thyroid weight were compared.
Results: Patients receiving corticosteroids experienced shorter stays (1.0 day vs 1.3 days), greater postoperative parathyroid hormone levels (43.0 pg/mL vs 28.9 pg/mL), less intraoperative blood loss (14.4 mL vs 41.4 mL), and presented with smaller thyroid glands (30 g vs 47 g) compared to those who received SSKI. There was a statistically significant difference in estimated blood loss between the groups (p = 0.0348). For some patients, the addition of a steroid to SSKI decreased surgery time (1.98 hours vs 2.32 hours).
Conclusion: Despite limitations in sample size and the retrospective nature of this study, results suggest a positive impact of corticosteroid use on surgical and patient outcomes compared to SSKI alone. Future examination may benefit from greater sample size and equal distribution of patients among groups. We propose further exploration with a prospective study to evaluate the impact of SSKI vs. corticosteroids on surgical difficulty and postoperative complications for Graves disease patients.
CaMKK2-Mediated Effects on Mechanically Induced Bone Formation in Male and Female Mice
Authors: Bello Margaret , Warrick Adam , Mattingly Brett , Williams Justin , Sankar Uma 
Published: December 2020

Background and Hypothesis: Ca2+/calmo-dulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) is a serine-threonine protein kinase that plays a significant role in both anabolic and catabolic pathways of bone remodeling. Mechanical loading of bone translates an external force into both biochemical and structural changes. It has been shown that deletion or inhibition of CaMKK2 results in increased bone density in male and female mice. We hypothesize that the lack of CaMKK2 in bone cells will result in loading-induced bone mass accrual with no difference between male and female mice.
Experimental Design or Project Methods: The right tibia of anesthetized 16-week-old wild-type (WT) and CaMKK2 knockout (KO) mice were loaded at 2 Hz for 220 cycles and with peak forces specific to both sex and genotype. Loading was accomplished using an electro actuator (Bose ElectroForce 3200; EnduraTEC, Minnetonka, MN, USA). This was repeated 3, 5, 8 and 10 days after initial loading. The non-loaded left tibia served as an internal control. Calcein and alizarin red were administered intraperitoneally on days 9 and 16, respectively to metabolically label newly formed bone. Nineteen days after initial loading, mice were sacrificed. Blood and long bones of the lower limbs were collected for analysis.
Results: Using microcomputer tomography; dynamic histomorphometry; histology, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we will assess bone volume, bone formation rate, and underlying mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level. These data are forthcoming.
Conclusion and Potential Impact: With expanded knowledge on how bone growth is augmented, clinical outcomes related to osteoporosis and fracture healing, for example, may be improved. This may be accomplished through novel therapy related to these pathways that increases bone density or decreases fracture healing time.
Do Distracted Driving Laws Impact Cell Phone Usage on (Preventable) Outcomes While Driving: A Systematic Review of the Last 20 Years?
Authors: Bhuiya Nudar , Hollister Lisa , Zhu Thein 
Published: December 2020

Background/Objective:
Distracted driving due to cellphone use can lead to serious and fatal consequences. In 2017, an estimated 14% of all distraction-affected fatal crashes in the U.S. were related to the driver’s cellphone use. Many states have passed distracted driving laws to help reduce the number of unfortunate outcomes related to a driver’s cellphone use. It is important to evaluate whether these laws are truly effective at building safer roads. The main objective of this proposed study is to execute a systematic review of literature published in the last 20 years in order to further the understanding of how distracted driving laws affect drivers’ cellphone usage and its associated outcomes.
Proposed Methods:
A systematic review will be conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement established by Moher et al. The various steps that will be taken to properly select and analyze articles include eligibility criteria, information sources and search strategy, study selection, evaluation of selected articles, data collection, and summary measures.
Expected Results:
After implementing the various steps from the PRISMA statement, certain articles will be selected to fulfill the research objective. It is expected that most of the publications selected for this systematic review will be in support of distracted driving laws. It is also expected that these laws are in fact effective at reducing drivers’ cellphone use and various negative outcomes, such as crashes.
Conclusions/Potential Impact:
A systematic review will be completed utilizing the proposed protocol written in the summer of 2020. If needed, additional details and changes will be applied to the protocol before the study officially begins. This systematic review may help us gain an understanding of the effects of distracted driving laws, which may impact the approach to creating future policies and interventions intended to promote safer driving roads.
The use of branching scenarios to improve pharmacology content application
Authors: Bouwer Miranda , Guerrero Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

Background/Objective:
The Indiana University School of Medicine currently has many resources to offer its medical students to aid in their studies. But, there are no interactive pharmacology modules available. Pharmacology lectures only make up a small portion of lectures, but contain significant material students are expected to know. Previously published studies demonstrate a positive impact of interactive modules on medical student education. The goal of this project is to create interactive pharmacology modules to identify if this improves knowledge of pharmacology and standards of care.

Methods:
To start, one topic in pharmacology was chosen from each of the three spring semester first year classes. UpToDate and primary literature articles were used to develop the content in each module to follow the most current guidelines. A Pressbook was created for each topic and H5P was used to create the interactive branching scenarios which will be embedded in the learning management platform Canvas. Students are given information in the module and are expected to answer relevant questions. Based on the answer chosen, they either progress or have to answer the question again after receiving feedback. Each module contains approximately three to four questions that the students advance through. The modules will be implemented as part of the pre-work for the relevant lecture or small group and are intended to take up no more than 5-10 minutes of time.

Results/Conclusion:
Two survey questions will be added to the end of the course surveys for the three spring semester first year classes for the school year 2020-2021. These questions will assess student satisfaction and the module’s usefulness.

Potential Impact:
Providing interactive, branching scenario activities may increase student satisfaction of pharmacology content, improve content application, and become a useful tool for future content in other courses as well.
Medication use among participants in a clinical trial of massage for chronic neck pain.
Authors: Brent James , Bair Matthew 
Published: December 2020

Background and Hypothesis:
Chronic neck pain is a common problem in veterans and is treated with NSAIDS and other analgesics. Massage is gaining traction due to patient demand, and concerns of long-term use of opioids and NSAIDS. We evaluated the use of analgesics and psychotropics among veterans in a clinical trial of massage for chronic neck pain. We hypothesized that analgesic use would be common and change over time.
Project Methods:
This is a retrospective chart review study of patients enrolled in the TOMCATT trial. The TOMCATT trial addressed biological, psychological, and social aspects to the treatment of chronic neck pain. Eligible patients were Veterans with chronic neck pain at the Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center in Indianapolis. The medications assessed by reviewing the pharmacy records embedded in the VA’s EMR were acetaminophen, NSAIDS, muscle relaxants, opioids, topical analgesics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and anxiolytics. Patient medication use was assessed for 9 months during the trial.
Results:
Of the 235 veterans reviewed 33 were female and 202 were male. 11% of the patients were not prescribed medication during their trial. At kickoff date, 24% were prescribed acetaminophen, 29% NSAIDS, 40% muscle relaxants, 20% opioids, and 34% topical analgesics. At 9 months, those prescribed analgesics changed only slightly. Also, at kickoff date 35% were on antidepressants, 6% on benzodiazepines, and 5% on anxiolytics. These medications did not change much by 9-months.
Conclusion and Potential Impact
Analgesics and antidepressants/anxiolytics were frequently prescribed among participants in this clinical trial. The most prescribed analgesics were muscle relaxants and topical analgesics. Overall, analgesic use did not change much over the course of the trial. In future work, we will monitor the continued use of meds to see if muscle relaxants and topicals remain the most used analgesics.
Examining spondyloarthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Burns Catherine , Jan Reem 
Published: December 2020

Background/Objective: Axial spondyloarthritis refers to a syndrome of inflammatory back pain associated with radiographic or magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities. Peripheral spondyloarthritis can include dactylitis, enthesitis or oligo-arthritis. Together these encompass common extra-gastrointestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with the prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis estimated to be about 3% in patients with IBD and unspecified sacroiliitis occurring in 10%. The goals of this study are to validate the accuracy of the Toronto Axial Spondyloarthritis Questionnaire in identifying patients with rheumatologic symptoms in the context of IBD, to re-evaluate the prevalence of spondyloarthritis in this population, and to identify any differences in referral rate between racial and ethnic groups.

Methods: Patients were selected based on the following criteria: diagnosis of IBD, upcoming appointment with their gastroenterologist, prior consent in the Genesys database and access to an operational MyChart account. Patients were sent a link and asked to complete a RedCap survey modified from the Toronto Axial Spondyloarthritis Questionnaire. Positive patient responses will be analyzed in a follow-up visit with a rheumatologist to investigate the patients’ symptoms.

Results: At present, the survey was sent to 86 patients with 26 respondents completing the survey. Of the respondents, 6 patients had experienced back pain for a duration of 3 months or longer. Eleven patients had pain and swelling of a joint unrelated to injury. Seven patients experienced pain and swelling of an entire finger or toe unrelated to injury. Seven patients experienced heel pain unrelated to injury. One patient is followed by rheumatology.

Conclusion/Potential Impact: Major extra gastrointestinal manifestations of IBD include axial or peripheral spondyloarthritis which can lead to disabling back pain and/ or joint disease. With the modified Toronto Axial Spondyloarthritis Questionnaire, gastroenterologists could have a better way to identify concerning symptoms, leading to increased referral to rheumatologists and potential changes in treatment plans.
Barriers and Facilitators Along the HIV Care Cascade Among Hospitalized Adolescents in Western Kenya
Authors: Cabe Marielle , Toromo Judith , Enane Leslie 
Published: December 2020

Background/Objective: There are 1.7 million adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) globally, the majority of whom live in Eastern and Southern Africa. Despite increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), ALHIV experience poorer HIV-related outcomes at each stage of the care cascade relative to other age groups. We sought to investigate barriers and facilitators experienced at each stage of the HIV “care cascade” – testing, linkage to care, retention in care, and adherence to and viral suppression on ART – among a cohort of hospitalized adolescents.

Methods: This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews of hospitalized ALHIV and their caregivers to investigate if crucial delays occurred at each stage of the HIV care cascade. Interviews explored barriers and facilitators at each stage, and were guided by a framework that considered adolescent- or family-level factors, developmental and mental health needs, society-level, programmatic, and health system factors. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and translated. Members of the study team independently coded each transcript after inter-coder reliability was established.

Results: Hospitalized ALHIV experienced critical delays in care, most frequently at the stages of HIV diagnosis and ART adherence. Common barriers to testing related to lack of awareness around perinatal HIV and unknown maternal HIV status. Barriers to adherence were complex and heterogeneous. Common barriers included lack of HIV disclosure or problematic disclosure to the adolescent; intense stigma and challenges coming to terms with one’s HIV status; and issues related to ART side effects and tolerance. Facilitators to adherence included family supervision and support in ART taking, and HIV education and adherence counseling provided at the clinic.

Conclusion and Policy Impact: Hospitalized adolescents experienced significant delays in care, most frequently at the stages of pediatric HIV diagnosis and ART adherence. Barriers to adherence are particularly complex. Interventions to address adolescent ART adherence are urgently needed.