bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydroschildvortrieb über dem Grundwasserspiegel in hoch durchlässigen Schottern am Eppenbergtunnel – Unerwartete Probleme und ihre Lösung
Authors: Gilgen Samuel , Weh Markus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs part of the four‐track improvement of the Zurich‐Berne line near Aarau, the 3.1 km long Eppenberg Tunnel was bored using a multi‐mode TBM. This involved driving more than 700 m in highly permeable soils, mostly above the groundwater table. The hydroshield drive was confronted with considerable problems. The static yield point of the bentonite slurry repeatedly fell below the critical limit of 10 N/m2, despite its frequent replacement. As a result, large quantities of slurry penetrated into the ground and large quantities had to be replaced. In addition, significant additional grout quantities were repeatedly observed for the filling of the annular gap. A systematic and analytical approach in cooperation with all parties involved made it possible to determine the behaviour of the system. Problems started with highly permeable open‐framework gravel layers, which permitted the slurry to penetrate far into the ground. This resulted in overbreak in the crown and local underpressure of the slurry with respect to the grout around the shield. Consequently, the annular gap grout flowed past the shield tail seal and destroyed the thixotropic properties of the slurry by adding free Ca cations. The slurry became unusable and had to be replaced. An extensive set of measures finally made it possible to solve the problems and safely bring the excavation to breakthrough.
Analysing the role of caprock morphology on history matching of Sleipner CO2 plume using an optimisation method
Authors: Ahmadinia Masoud , Shariatipour Seyed M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGeological carbon storage is a promising solution to reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere to ameliorate the effects of global warming from the greenhouse effect. Among feasible storage options, deep saline aquifers are believed to have the largest storage capacity for the gas collected from industrial processes. The first CO2 storage project at a commercial scale in a saline aquifer is in the Sleipner field of the Utsira storage formation in Norway. The long ongoing storage operation in the Sleipner field has been the subject of several past studies attempting to recreate the observed injected CO2 plume migration behaviour. History matching is a method to adjust the input parameters of the model in a way to minimise the mismatch between the simulated and the actual production data in reservoir engineering and applicable to carbon sequestration. Typical parameters adjusted in history matching are porosity, absolute and relative permeability data. In this study, we used an adjoint‐based optimisation tool and showed the importance of caprock morphology in finding an accurate plume match. Using a set of synthetic models, we initially minimised the mismatch between the observed and simulated CO2 plume outline by modifying the caprock topographical details. After testing the optimisation tool on the synthetic models, we applied the methodology to the Sleipner benchmark 2019 model and improved the plume match by locally adjusting caprock elevation within seismic detection limits. We subsequently improved the match by calibrating porosity, permeability, CO2 density and injection rate together in an experiment in which we calibrated all the parameters, including the caprock morphology, to find a better match. The results showed an improvement of around 8% (compared with the original model) in the plume match resulting from an average absolute elevation change of 3.23 m in the model while keeping the other parameters constant. Calibrating the porosity, permeability, CO2 density and injection rate resulted in a 5% improvement in the match, and once caprock morphology was included in the optimisation process, the match improvement increased by 16%. We changed the caprock elevation within a range lower than the seismic detection limit, and results showed that even a few metres variations in the elevation have significant impacts on the plume migration and trapping mechanism in the Sleipner model. The method presented in this work results in a better match than the original seismic data for the Sleipner model. © 2020 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of sleep disturbances in cognitive function and depressive symptoms among community‐dwelling elderly with sleep complaints
Authors: Ji Xiaowen , Fu Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThe relationships between sleep problems, cognitive impairments, and depression have been established in the aging population. However, less is known about the role of late‐life onset insomnia and sex involved in these dyad or tripartite relationships. This study aimed to consider onset age of insomnia and sex in the relationship between sleep parameters, cognition and depression among older adults with current insomnia complaints.MethodA multistep sampling method was adopted to recruit participants with current insomnia complaints in China in 2018. Sleep measures include onset age of insomnia (64 years old or before vs during/after 65), three factors from insomnia severity index (ISI; nighttime, daytime, and perception), excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep duration. Outcome measures were mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) and center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CESD).ResultsThe average age of older adults was 75 (SD = 7.1). Among them, 62% participants are female. In general, older aged, female, late‐life onset insomnia as well as interaction of sex * onset age of insomnia were significantly associated with poorer cognition. Yet, age, sex, and onset age of insomnia were not significant indicators for depression. For female participants, later onset of insomnia, nighttime symptoms of insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness and depression were risk factors for cognitive decline. Nevertheless, only daytime sleepiness, together with depression, were found positively associated with male participants' cognitive decline.ConclusionsThere were robust associations between daytime sleepiness, depressive symptoms, and poor cognitive performance. More importantly, late‐life onset insomnia was particularly indicative for poor cognitive performance among female older adults. Future study should emphasize the specific mechanism involved in changes of sleep patterns in the development of cognitive impairment among older adults. Sex differences in the relationship between onset age of insomnia and cognition also require further attention.
Therapeutic plasma exchange for clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) associated with rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Yamagata Akira , Arita Machiko , Tanaka Ayaka , Tokioka Fumiaki , Yoshida Tomohiro , Nishimura Keisuke , Ishida Tadashi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) with anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 antibody (anti‐MDA5 Ab) frequently develop rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonia (RPIP), often with fatal outcomes. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been reported as effective against CADM‐RPIP refractory to conventional immunosuppressive therapy. However, the detailed mechanisms by which TPE improves disease activity of CADM‐RPIP remain unclear.AimTo elucidate the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with anti‐MDA5 Ab‐positive CADM‐RPIP treated with TPE and to analyze changes in laboratory findings before, during, and after TPE.Materials & MethodsPatients hospitalized for CADM‐RPIP and treated with TPE in 2017 and 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThree patients were successfully treated with TPE, with good tolerance. Anti‐MDA5 Ab titers decreased significantly over the course of TPE.ConclusionWe emphasize that TPE could represent an effective treatment option for CADM‐RPIP refractory to traditional therapy. Removal of anti‐MDA5 Ab and other pathogenic factors may facilitate favorable outcomes.
MicroRNA‐146b correlates with decreased acute respiratory distress syndrome risk, reduced disease severity, and lower 28‐day mortality in sepsis patients
Authors: Chen Wenfeng , Liu Lili , Yang Junhui , Wang Yujun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the predictive value of microRNA‐146b (miR‐146b) on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) risk, and the correlation of miR‐146b with disease severity and 28‐day mortality in sepsis patients.MethodsA total of 104 sepsis patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were consecutively enrolled, and miR‐146b relative expression in their plasma samples was detected by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In sepsis patients, disease severity was assessed using Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. ARDS occurrence and 28‐day mortality were recorded.ResultsMiR‐146b was decreased in sepsis patients compared to HCs. ARDS occurred in 30 (28.8%) sepsis patients, and miR‐146b was reduced in ARDS sepsis patients compared to non‐ARDS sepsis patients. Meanwhile, miR‐146b distinguished ARDS sepsis patients from non‐ARDS sepsis patients (area under the curve (AUC): 0.728, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.627‐0.829). Subsequent multivariate logistic regression showed that miR‐146b, age, smoke, respiratory infection, and serum creatinine predicted ARDS risk independently, and their combination well‐discriminated ARDS sepsis patients from non‐ARDS sepsis patients (AUC: 0.863, 95% CI: 0.792‐0.934). Additionally, miR‐146b was negatively correlated with serum creatinine, white blood cell, C‐reactive protein, APACHE II score, and SOFA score, while positively correlated with albumin. Regarding prognosis, miR‐146b was decreased in 28‐day sepsis deaths compared to 28‐day sepsis survivors, and it discriminated 28‐day sepsis deaths from 28‐day sepsis survivors (AUC: 0.785, 95% CI: 0.680‐0.890).ConclusionMiR‐146b might serve as a potential biomarker for ARDS prevention and prognostic reflection in sepsis.
A novel prognostic index of hepatocellular carcinoma based on immunogenomic landscape analysis
Authors: Xiao Han , Wang Ben , Xiong Hai‐Xia , Guan Jia‐Fu , Wang Jian , Tan Tao , Lin Kang , Zou Shu‐Bing , Hu Zhi‐Gang , Wang Kai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChanges in immune responses to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of this disease. Exploring the role of immune‐related genes (IRGs) in HCC would provide insights into the mechanisms regulating this disease. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) provide a platform for such research, owing to a large number of HCC samples available for comprehensive and systematic immunogenomics analyses. We analyzed the IRGs expression profile and clinical information of patients with HCC based on the TCGA and ICGC database. Potential molecular mechanisms and properties of the screened IRGs were analyzed across multiple databases. And we analyzed the correlation between IRGs, single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, and copy number variation. A novel prognostic index, based on IRGs, was developed using the LASSO Cox regression algorithm, followed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to analyze the prognostic index. Information in the ICGC database was used to verify the reliability of the prognostic index. A total of 54 differentially expressed IRGs were found to be significantly associated with HCC prognosis, and there is a significant correlation between their expression level and copy number variation. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that the genes play active roles in tumor and immune‐related signaling pathways. In addition, five potential biomarkers namely IRG, MAPK3, HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, HSPA4, and CDK4, were identified. Finally, a novel prognostic index, based on IRGs (PSMD14, FABP6, ISG20L2, HGF, BIRC5, IL17D, and STC2), was found useful as an independent prognostic factor, not only for prognosis but also to reflect levels of infiltration in a variety of immune cells. Our team conducted a genomics study of IRGs in HCC and screened several clinically significant IRGs, and our model provides an effective approach for stratification and characterization of patients using IRG‐based immunolabeling tools to monitor the prognosis of HCC.
Microwave assisted synthesis, biological activities, and in silico investigation of some benzimidazole derivatives
Authors: Bhavsar Zeel A. , Acharya Prachi T. , Jethava Divya J. , Patel Dhaval B. , Vasava Mahesh S. , Rajani Dhanji P. , Pithawala Edwin , Patel Hitesh D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSome derivatives of 2‐substituted benzimidazole were prepared via coupling of N‐methyl‐o‐phenylenediamine or o‐phenylenediamine with different aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by Ni(OAc)2 in the presence of chloroform under microwave‐assisted conditions. Structural confirmation of all synthesized molecules was investigated by FT‐IR, 13C NMR, 1H NMR, ESI‐MS, and Elemental analysis. All prepared molecules were examined for in‐vitro pharmaceutical activities like antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antituberculosis, and anti‐oxidant. Additionally, in silico study was also carried out. We also evaluated the steadiness and molecular interaction of docked complex, that is, complex of molecule (7s) with PDB: 5ZNI and complex of derivative (7l) with PDB: 3VLN, we have established a molecular dynamics model on the best dock molecules. All newly prepared molecules were authenticated to have excellent pharmacokinetics stuffs via calculated ADME‐Tox descriptors, which signifying that these derivatives could be utilized as hit for the expansion of the some innovative active compounds.
Design, synthesis and antibacterial activity evaluation of novel 2‐(4‐((1‐aryl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methoxy)phenyl)2‐(2‐oxoazetidin‐1‐yl)acetamide derivatives
Authors: Zarei Samaneh , Komeili Golzar , Bahadorikhalili Saeed , Yahya‐Meymandi Azadeh , Karami‐Zarandi Morteza , Larijani Bagher , Biglar Mahmood , Sadat Ebrahimi Seyed Esmaeil , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a novel series of 2‐(4‐((1‐aryl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methoxy)phenyl)2‐(2‐oxoazetidin‐1‐yl)acetamide derivatives are synthesized in two steps. The first step involved Ugi multicomponent reaction of β‐alanine, o‐(propargyl)benzaldehyde and isocyanide derivatives. The product of this step, underwent a click 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction with benzyl azide derivatives. The 2‐(4‐((1‐aryl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methoxy)phenyl)2‐(2‐oxoazetidin‐1‐yl)acetamide product was characterized and their antibacterial activities were evaluated against various G‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and G‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacteria, using minimal inhibition concentration. The compounds showed very good antimicrobial activity and a number of products have been more active than ciprofloxacin.
Comparative study of sensilla and other tegumentary structures of Myrmeleontidae larvae (Insecta, Neuroptera)
Authors: Acevedo Ramos Fernando , Monserrat Víctor J. , Contreras‐Ramos Atilano , Pérez‐González Sergio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAntlion larvae have a complex tegumentary sensorial equipment. The sensilla and other kinds of larval tegumentary structures have been studied in 29 species of 18 genera within family Myrmeleontidae, all of them with certain degree of psammophilous lifestyle. The adaptations for such lifestyle are probably related to the evolutionary success of this lineage within Neuroptera. We identified eight types of sensory structures, six types of sensilla (excluding typical long bristles) and two other specialized tegumentary structures. Both sensilla and other types of structures that have been observed using scanning electron microscopy show similar patterns in terms of occurrence and density in all the studied species (with few exceptions). The sensilla identified are: coeloconica, placoidea, basiconica, trichodea type I, trichodea type II, and campaniformia. All these sensilla have mechano‐ or chemosensorial functions. Some regions of the larval body have been studied using SEM for the first time, such as the surface of the food canal, which bears sensilla coeloconica, and the abdominal segment X, that bears three types of sensilla: coeloconica, basiconica, and campaniformia. Sensilla placodea are newly reported on antlion larvae, being present on the mandibular base, pronotum, mentum, and cardum. Also, new locations of sensilla coeloconica (e.g., on rastra) and sensilla campaniformia (e.g., on odontoid processes) are noted. A novel porous texture with chemoreceptor function has been identified in the base of mandibles. A mechanism of dentate‐notched surfaces that anchor maxillae and mandible, reinforcing the food canal, is detailed. All these sensorial structures, in addition to ocular tubercles for light caption and their great muscular system, confer to these larvae an extraordinary predation capacity to success hunting and living in such harsh environments.
Do all geckos hatch in the same way? Histological and 3D studies of egg tooth morphogenesis in the geckos Eublepharis macularius Blyth 1854 and Lepidodactylus lugubris Duméril & Bibron 1836
Authors: Hermyt Mateusz , Metscher Brian , Rupik Weronika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe egg tooth of squamates evolved to facilitate hatching from mineralized eggshells. Squamate reptiles can assist their hatching with a single unpaired egg tooth (unidentates) or double egg teeth (geckos and dibamids). Egg tooth ontogeny in two gekkotan species, the leopard gecko Eublepharis macularius and the mourning gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris, was compared using microtomography, scanning electron microscopy, and light microscopy. Investigated species are characterized by different hardnesses of their eggshells. Leopard geckos eggs have a relatively soft and flexible parchment (leathery) shell, while eggshells of mourning geckos are hard and rigid. Embryos of both species, like other Gekkota, have double egg teeth, but the morphology of these structures differs between the investigated species. These differences in shape, localization, and spatial orientation were present from the earliest stages of embryonic development. In mourning gecko, anlagen of differentiating egg teeth change their position on the palate during embryonic development. Initially they are separated by condensed mesenchyme, but later in development, their enamel organs are connected. In leopard geckos, the localization of egg tooth germs does not change, but their spatial orientation does. Egg teeth of this species shift from inward to outward orientation. This is likely related to differences in structure and mechanical properties of eggshells in the studied species. In investigated species, two hatching mechanisms are possible during emergence of young individuals. We speculate that mourning geckos break the eggshell through puncturing action with egg teeth, similar to the pipping phase of chick and turtles embryos. Egg teeth of leopard geckos cut egg membranes similarly to most squamates. Our results also revealed differences in egg tooth implantation between Gekkota and Unidentata: gekkotan egg teeth are subthecodont (in shallow sockets), while those in unidentates are acrodont (attached to the top of the alveolar ridge). © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Morphologic analysis of the subtalar joint using statistical shape modeling
Authors: Krähenbühl Nicola , Lenz Amy L. , Lisonbee Rich J. , Peterson Andrew C. , Atkins Penny R. , Hintermann Beat , Saltzman Charles L. , Anderson Andrew E. , Barg Alexej 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWeightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) enables visualization of the foot and ankle as patients stand under load. Clinical measurements of WBCT images are generally limited to two‐dimensions, which reduces the ability to quantify complex morphology of individual osseous structures as well as the alignment between two or more bones. The shape and orientation of the healthy/normal subtalar joint, in particular, is not well‐understood, which makes it very difficult to diagnose subtalar pathoanatomy. Herein, we employed statistical shape modeling to evaluate three‐dimensional (3D) shape variation, coverage, space, and congruency of the subtalar joint using WBCT data of 27 asymptomatic healthy individuals. The four most relevant findings were: (A) talar and calcaneal anatomical differences were found regarding the presence of (a) the talar posterior process, (b) calcaneal pitch, and (c) curvature of the calcaneal posterior facet; (B) the talar posterior facet articular surface area was significantly greater than the calcaneal posterior facet articular surface area; (C) the posterior facet varied in joint space distance, whereas the anteromedial facet was even; and (D) the posterior and anteromedial facet of the subtalar joint was consistently congruent. Despite considerable shape variation across the population, the posterior and anteromedial articular facets of the subtalar joint were consistently congruent. Results provide a detailed 3D analysis of the subtalar joint under a weightbearing condition in a healthy population which can be used for comparisons to pathological patient populations. The described SSM approach also shows promise for clinical evaluation of the subtalar joint from 3D surface reconstructions of WBCT images.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of wound infections after soft tissue sarcoma resection: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dadras Mehran , Koepp Pascal , Wagner Johannes M. , Wallner Christoph , Sogorski Alexander , Lehnhardt Marcus , Harati Kamran , Behr Björn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe use of antibiotic prophylaxis for soft tissue sarcoma resection varies widely while little evidence on this topic exists. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of antibiotic prophylaxis on the occurrence of wound infections.MethodsA single institutional retrospective cohort study was performed on patients who underwent truncal or extremity soft tissue sarcoma resection. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis was assessed and univariate and multivariate analysis of predictors of wound infections was performed.ResultsNine hundred and fifty‐eight patients could be included. Thirty‐two percent of patients had no antibiotic prophylaxis, 44% of patients received single‐shot prophylaxis, and 24% of patients received single‐shot plus continued antibiotic treatment. Wound infections occurred in 140 patients (15%). Independent risk factors for wound infections upon multivariate analysis were obesity, high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status, high tumor size and grade, operation time over 120 minutes, and other complications. Antibiotic prophylaxis could not be identified as a protective factor in univariate or multivariate analysis.ConclusionsA favorable effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on the occurrence of wound infections could not be observed. Although more studies on this subject are needed, our data do not support the general use of antibiotic prophylaxis for soft tissue sarcoma resection.