bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Child-Pugh B Cirrhosis on Pharmacokinetics of
Tofogliflozin, a New Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter (SGLT2)
Inhibitor
Authors: Yamada Haruki , Ohira Hiromasa , Ikegami Fumiaki , Nakamura Koichi , Takahashi Atsushi , Abe Kazumichi , Inano Akihiro , Shimada Sumire , Miyata Kumiko , Saito Tomohisa , Ohba Yasuhiro , Terao Kimio , Ohnishi Akihiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Tofogliflozin is a highly selective sodium-glucose
co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. A mass balance study with combinations of
microdoses revealed that tofogliflozin has high oral bioavailability
(97.5%) and that tofogliflozin in circulation is eliminated primarily by
metabolic pathways, with the liver playing a prominent role in elimination.
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effect of moderate hepatic
impairment on the pharmacokinetics of tofogliflozin and on the pharmacodynamics
(urinary glucose excretion [UGE]).
Methods In an open-label, parallel-group study, 17 subjects (9 with
moderate hepatic impairment [Child-Pugh Class B, score 7–9] and 8
healthy) received a single oral dose of 40 mg tofogliflozin. Plasma and urine
concentrations of tofogliflozin were determined. Accumulated UGE, adverse
events, and physiological and laboratory test data were monitored.
Results Geometric mean ratio (GMR; geometric mean value for subjects with
moderate hepatic impairment / geometric mean value for healthy subjects)
of Cmax was 1.47 and GMR of AUCinf was 1.70. Moderate
hepatic impairment had only a little effect on tmax and
CLR but it prolonged MRT. The levels of cumulative UGE were
similar between the 2 groups. No clinically significant adverse events,
laboratory test values, or physiological test values were observed in any
subject.
Conclusions Moderate hepatic impairment increased Cmax and
AUCinf of tofogliflozin by 47% and 70%,
respectively. This increase in tofogliflozin exposure did not increase UGE in
hepatically impaired subjects. A single oral dose of 40 mg tofogliflozin was
well tolerated, supporting dose adjustment is unnecessary even in moderately
hepatically impaired subjects.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of
5-amino-3-aryl-1-(6'-chloropyridazin-3'-yl)pyrazoles
and their Derivatives as Analgesic Agents
Authors: Aggarwal Ranjana , Kaushik Pawan , Kumar Ajay , Saini Deepika ,   Swati
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn efficient and environmental benign solvent-free synthesis of
5-amino-3-aryl-1-(6'-chloropyridazin-3'-yl)pyrazoles
(4a-e) was accomplished by grinding 3-chloro-6-hydrazinopyridazine
(2) and β-ketonitriles (3a-e) in the presence of
p-toulenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. Subsequently, 6'-chloro
group in 4a-e was replaced with cyclic 2° amine derivatives
viz. pyrrolidine 5a, piperidine 5b and morpholine
5c to obtain 6a-e, 7a-e, 8a-e respectively. The
newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using IR, NMR (1H
and 13C), mass spectral studies, elemental analyses. All the
synthesized compounds were studied for their docking interaction with target
protein 6COX and screened for their in vivo analgesic mode of action
against swiss albino mice (animal model) using acetic-acid induced writhing
test. Consequently, docking simulations data justifies the potential of
synthesized series as an analgesic and very well correlated with in vivo
study. Preliminary results revealed that most of the synthesized compounds
exhibited moderate to good analgesic activity as compared to
reference/standard drug (s) sodium diclofenac and candidates 4d
and 7c protrude out as a promising lead for further investigation.
Lymphangiomatose − seltene Ursache eines Pleuraergusses
Authors: Uhlenbruch M. , Keymel S. , Krüger S. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungEin 33-jähriger Mann stellte sich wegen langsam progredienter Luftnot vor. Bei der Untersuchung fielen ein Pleuraerguss rechts, Lymphödem linker Unterschenkel und Fuß und fleckige, landkartenartige Hautveränderungen auf. Bei der Pleurapunktion rechts konnte ein chylöser Erguss abgelassen werden. In der Ganzkörper-MRT war der Pleuraerguss rechts nachweisbar, eine Vermehrung der Lymphgefäße inguinal, parailiakal und paraaortal und prominente Chylusgefäße. Eine ossäre Beteiligung lag nicht vor. Der Ductus thoracicus abdominalis war bis auf 3 mm erweitert. Wir stellten die Diagnose einer generalisierten lymphatischen Anomalie (GLA) – Lymphangiomatose. Die GLA ist eine seltene Erkrankung unbekannter Ursache mit Fehlentwicklung des lymphatischen Systems. Thorakal fällt eine GLA oft durch die Entwicklung von chylösen Pleuraergüssen auf. Es können aber auch viele andere Organe betroffen sein. Die Therapie besteht meist in einer symptomatischen Behandlung und dem Versuch, den Progress der Erkrankung zu verlangsamen.
Eosinophile Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis mit pulmonaler und kardialer Beteiligung
Authors: Kamp J. C. , Suhling H. , Ramthor M. , Hinrichs J. B. , Soudah B. , Adel J. , Welte T. , Ringshausen F. C. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungEin 62-jähriger Patient mit Asthma bronchiale und chronischer Rhinosinusitis unterzog sich einer Leistenhernien-OP. Nach der Operation kam es plötzlich zu einem reanimationspflichtigen Kreislaufstillstand. Koronarangiografisch zeigte sich eine 99 %ige proximale RCA-Stenose bei ansonsten unauffälligen und glattwandigen Koronarien. Im Verlauf kam es wiederholt zu ähnlichen Ereignissen, jetzt jedoch ohne Korrelat in der Koronarangiografie. Echokardiografisch zeigte sich initial eine LVEF von 45 %. Es bestanden bipulmonale Infiltrate im Röntgen-Thorax und eine schwere periphere Eosinophilie (37 %). Die serologische Diagnostik inkl. ANA, ENA und c-/p-ANCA blieb ohne Nachweis von Antikörpern. Eine Knochenmarkspunktion zeigte keine Hinweise auf eine myeloproliferative Erkrankung. Der Patient klagte über zunehmende Schwäche, Gewichtsverlust und Belastungsdyspnoe. Ein Methylprednisolon-Puls (250 mg/Tag über 3 Tage) zeigte keinen wesentlichen Effekt, sodass der Patient schließlich bei zunehmender klinischer Verschlechterung in unsere Universitätsklinik verlegt wurde. Bei Übernahme sahen wir einen abgeschlagenen Patienten mit progredienter Muskelatrophie und Belastungsdyspnoe. Klinisch zeigte sich eine rechtsseitige Peroneusparese. In der BAL zeigte sich eine schwere eosinophile Alveolitis (37 %). Laborchemisch zeigten sich Herzenzyme und NT-proBNP stark erhöht (Troponin-T > 700 ng/l, NT-proBNP > 10,000 ng/l). In der Echokardiografie fand sich eine dramatische Verschlechterung der Pumpfunktion (LVEF 16 %). Eine interdisziplinäre Falldiskussion zwischen Kardiologen und Pneumologen war schließlich der Schlüssel zur Diagnose einer ANCA-negativen eosinophilen Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (EGPA) mit pulmonaler und kardialer Beteiligung. Nach Einleitung einer immunsuppressiven Therapie mit erneutem Methylprednisolon-Puls (1000 mg/Tag über 3 Tage) und anschließender Cyclophosphamid-Therapie (6 Pulse im 4-wöchigen Intervall) gestaltete sich der Verlauf erfreulich mit klinischer Beschwerdefreiheit, vollständiger Regredienz der pulmonalen Infiltrationen und deutlicher Erholung der kardialen Pumpfunktion (LVEF 47 %).
Fazit ANCA-Positivität ist zur Diagnosestellung einer EGPA nicht erforderlich. Diese weisen nur 30 – 70 % der EGPA-Patienten auf, v. a. bei neurologischer und/oder renaler, seltener bei pulmonaler und/oder kardialer Beteiligung, was einen Fallstrick bei der Diagnosestellung darstellen kann. Die Induktionstherapie mit Cyclophosphamid stellt bei steroidrefraktärem Verlauf mit vital bedrohlicher Organbeteiligung die Therapie der Wahl dar.
C−H Arylation of Thiophenes with Aryl Bromides by a Parts-per-Million Loading of a Palladium NNC-Pincer Complex
Authors: Uozumi Yasuhiro , Purta Anggi Eka , Ichii Shun , Tazawa Aya 
Published: July 2020

A palladium NNC-pincer complex efficiently catalyzed the direct arylation of thiophene derivatives with extremely low palladium loadings of the order of parts per million. Thus, the reaction of various thiophenes with aryl bromides in the presence of 25–100 mol ppm of chlorido[(2-phenyl-κ-C
2)-9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2-N,N′]palladium(II) NNC-pincer complex, K2CO3, and pivalic acid in N,N-dimethyl­acetamide afforded the corresponding 2- or 5-arylated thiophenes in good to excellent yields. A combination of the present C–H arylation and Hiyama coupling with the same NNC-pincer complex provides an efficient synthesis of unsymmetrical 2,5-thiophenes with catalyst loadings at mol ppm levels.
Foraminal Ligaments Tether Upper Cervical Nerve Roots: A Potential Cause of Postoperative C5 Palsy
Authors: Jack Andrew S. , Osburn Brooks R. , Tymchak Zane A. , Ramey Wyatt L. , Oskouian Rod J. , Hart Robert A. , Chapman Jens R. , Jacques Line G. , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Nerve root tethering upon dorsal spinal cord (SC) migration has been proposed as a potential mechanism for postoperative C5 palsy (C5P). To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate this relationship by anatomically comparing C5–C6 nerve root translation before and after root untethering by cutting the cervical foraminal ligaments (FL).
Objective The aim of this study is to determine if C5 root untethering through FL cutting results in increased root translation.
Methods Six cadaveric dissections were performed. Nerve roots were exposed via C4–C6 corpectomies and supraclavicular brachial plexus exposure. Pins were inserted into the C5–C6 roots and adjacent foraminal tubercle. Translation was measured as the distance between pins after the SC was dorsally displaced 5 mm before and after FL cutting. Clinical feasibility of FL release was examined by comparing root translation between standard and extended (complete foraminal decompression) foraminotomies. Translation of root levels before and after FL cutting was compared by two-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Statistical significance was set at 0.05.
Results Significantly more nerve root translation was observed if the FL was cut versus not-cut, p = 0.001; no difference was seen between levels, p = 0.33. Performing an extended cervical foraminotomy was technically feasible allowing complete FL release and root untethering, whereas a standard foraminotomy did not.
Conclusion FL tether upper cervical nerve roots in their foramina; cutting these ligaments untethers the root and increases translation suggesting they could be harmful in the context of C5P. Further investigation is required examining the value of root untethering in the context of C5P.
Determining the Effectivity of Infrared Distance to Eliminate Dental Pain Due to Pulpitis and Periodontitis
Authors: Anitasari Silvia , Wahab Deasy E. , Barlianta Barlianta , Budi Hendrik S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective The infrared rays is one of the treatments to relief of dental pain due to pulpitis or periodontitis. The ability of infrared to increase the pain threshold which make eliminating P substance on the inflammation area and inducing Aβ and Aδ fibers to activate γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) and neuropeptides to decrease the pain. Hence, reducing or eliminating dental pain. This study to get information about effectively distance between patients and infrared rays which can reduce or eliminate dental pain.
Materials and Methods The explorative experimental research to determine the effectivity of the infrared rays’ distance: 45, 55, and 55 cm in reducing or eliminating dental pain. The material of infrared was tungsten with luminous light and the time for the lighting was 15 minutes.
Statistical Analysis The data were obtained and analyzed using Wilcoxon’s signed rank test and Kruskal–Wallis test (α= 0.05).
Results  There were influenced of the infrared rays to reduce the dental pain as follow, distance 45 cm (p = 0.007), distance 55 cm (p = 0.026), and distance 65 cm (p = 0.007). The average scale reduction for distance 45 cm was 2.23 ± 0.83, the distance 55 cm was 3.33 ± 0.87, and the distance 65 cm was (1.78 ± 0.83). Therefore, according to Kruskal–Wallis test with p = 0.004 (p < 0.05) showed the significant difference between the scale to decrease of dental pain was the distance of 55.
Conclusion Infrared rays located at a distance of 55 cm from patients might be more effective in relieving dental pain, compared with other distances tested.
Partial Biliary Diversion May Promote Long-Term Relief of Pruritus and Native Liver Survival in Children with Cholestatic Liver Diseases
Authors: Bjørnland Kristin , Hukkinen Maria , Gatzinsky Vladimir , Arnell Henrik , Pakarinen Mikko P. , Almaas Runar , Svensson Jan F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction Rare cholestatic liver diseases may cause debilitating pruritus in children. Partial biliary diversion (PBD) may relieve pruritus and postpone liver transplantation which is the only other alternative when conservative treatment fails. The aim was to report long-term outcome after PBD in a population of 26 million people during a 25-year period.
Materials and Methods This is an international, multicenter retrospective study reviewing medical journals. Complications were graded according to the Clavien–Dindo classification system.
Results Thirty-three patients, 14 males, underwent PBD at a median of 1.5 (0.3–13) years at four Nordic pediatric surgical centers. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis was the most common underlying condition. Initially, all patients got external diversion, either cholecystojejunostomy (25 patients) or button placed in the gallbladder or a jejunal conduit. Early complications occurred in 14 (42%) patients, of which 3 were Clavien–Dindo grade 3. Long-term stoma-related complications were common (55%). Twenty secondary surgeries were performed due to stoma problems such as prolapse, stricture, and bleeding, or conversion to another form of PBD. Thirteen children have undergone liver transplantation, and two are listed for transplantation due to inefficient effect of PBD on pruritus. Serum levels of bile acids in the first week after PBD construction were significantly lower in patients with good relief of pruritus than in those with poor effect (13 [2–192] vs. 148 [5–383] μmol/L; p = 0.02).
Conclusion PBD may ensure long-term satisfactory effect on intolerable pruritus and native liver survival in children with cholestatic liver disease. However, stoma-related problems and reoperations are common.
Bacterial Identification and Monitoring Around Two-Piece Dental Implants by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)
Authors: Saha Sonali , Meenawat Ajita , Sahu Chinmoy , Srivastava Vivek , Yadav Shivam , Kumar Vinod 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Context Early microbiological diagnosis and treatment of periodontal pathogens is important for successful retention of dental implants.
Aims This study aimed to identify and monitor oral bacterial colonization after successful two-piece dental implants.
Settings and Design In this study, 50 two-piece dental implant subjects were included and assessed clinically, radiographically, and microbiologically.
Methods and Material All the parameters were recorded at various stages after prosthesis placement. In each stage, nonadherent (peri-implant sulcular fluid) and adherent (curetted inner threads) samples were collected. Semiquantitative anaerobic culture of the samples were done in Anoxomat system. Bacterial colonies were first identified by routine microbiological methods and then by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method.
Statistical Analysis All the results were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods (Chi-square, one factor analysis of variance, etc.).
Results All the bacterial isolates were identified in the MALDI-TOF MS system with no failure. After implant placement for the nonadherent samples, the frequency (%) of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Propionibacterium acnes decreased whereas frequency (%) of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus mitis increased. For adherent samples, the frequency (%) of E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, P. melaninogenica, and Veillonella parvula decreased, whereas frequency (%) of S. mitis and Streptococcus mutans increased. The postimplant mean nonadherent and adherent bacterial load increased with time but not significantly over the periods (p = 0.302 and 0.123, respectively).
Conclusion Combination of basic (semiquantitative culture method) and advanced microbiological method (MALDI-TOF MS) can be useful for accurate detection and monitoring of potential pathogens around two-piece dental implants.
Kinetics of the luminescence decay of Fe2+ impurity centres in polycrystalline ZnSe upon excitation by an electron beam
Authors: Il’ichev N.N. , Gladilin A.A. , Gulyamova E.S. , Kalinushkin V.P. , Mironov S.A. , Sidorin A.V. , Pashinin P.P. , Tumorin V.V. , Gavrishchuk E.M. , Savin D.V. , Rodin S.A. , Ikonnikov V.B. , Chukichev M.V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The kinetics of the decay of the luminescence of Fe2+ ions is measured at nitrogen temperature in polycrystalline ZnSe excited by a short pulse of accelerated electrons. The time dependence of the luminescence intensity differs from the exponential one, observed upon excitation of luminescence by a short light pulse. The obtained nonexponential dependence is theoretically described. The explanation is based on the quenching effect of the excited state of the Fe2+ ion by free electrons of the volume charge of the current of accelerated electrons in the sample (Auger effect). It was shown that the relaxation of the volume charge after the electron-accelerating voltage is removed makes a significant contribution to the decay kinetics of the impurity luminescence.
Peculiarities of the formation of photonic nanojets by a matrix of dielectric microtoroids
Authors: Geints Yu.E. , Panina E.K. , Zemlyanov A.A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We report the results of theoretical modelling of photonic nanojets (PNJs) formed by laser radiation scattering on a single-layer ordered assembly of dielectric microtoroids placed on the surface of a transparent matrix (silicone film). Using the method of computational electrodynamics (FDTD), the main PNJ parameters (length, width, peak intensity) are analysed under the conditions of mutual influence of the light fields of neighbouring microparticles. It is shown that the main factor affecting the PNJ characteristics under study is the spatial configuration of the radiation-scattering particle, namely, the internal diameter of its cross section. It is found that for certain configurations of toroid placement in a cluster, a PNJ ensemble is implemented with parameters significantly better than those for a single toroid.
Heat transfer in water under laser heating through fibres for endovenous laser coagulation
Authors: Minaev V.P. , Minaev N.V. , Bogachev V.Yu. , Kaperiz K.A. , Fedorov D.A. , Yusupov V.I. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We report the results of studying heat transfer in water heated by a cw laser with wavelengths of 1.55 and 1.94 μm through optical fibres with end-face and radial outputs. It is shown that, depending on the power and wavelength of the radiation, heat transfer is implemented via convection, bubble boiling, or explosive boiling and occurs asymmetrically, mainly in the forward − upward direction for the fibre with the end-face output and upward for the radial output.
Low-threshold, single-transverse-mode, 940-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a mode filter and half-wavelength cavity
Authors: Ren Q.H. , Wang J. , Yang M. , Wang H.J. , Cheng Z. , Huang Y.Q. , Ren X.M. , Ji H.M. , Luo S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We demonstrate a structure for a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a mode filter and half-wavelength (λ/2) cavity. The effects of λ/2- and λ-cavities on the threshold current are studied. The thickness and etched diameter of the mode filter are optimised to achieve single-transverse-mode output. The results show that when changing from λ-cavity to λ/2-cavity, the threshold current of the VCSEL decreases by 30.7% (from 0.85 mA to 0.65 mA). In addition, for the mode-filter thickness of 80 nm, and the etched diameter of 2.5 μm, the side mode suppression ratio reaches 90 dB, which meets the requirement of single-transverse-mode output. The VCSELs with the optimised design can overcome many difficulties and have great potential in 3D face recognition.
Effect of optical field ionisation on the generation of wake fields by femtosecond laser pulses in an inhomogeneous plasma
Authors: Umarov I.R. , Andreev N.E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We consider the interaction of a high-intensity short laser pulse with an argon gas during optical field ionisation. Modelling in a three-dimensional cylindrical symmetric geometry is performed at various moderately relativistic intensities and positions of the focal plane of the laser beam in the case of both optical gas ionisation and a pre-ionised plasma. The influence of the processes occurring during optical field ionisation of the gas on the generation of wake waves is investigated, and the conditions are found under which intense wake fields are produced in a plasma formed from an inhomogeneous argon gas jet. The possibility of using a gas with a large number of electrons on the outer shell (argon) to excite intense wake waves and accelerate electrons is demonstrated. Despite significant ionisation refraction of the laser pulse on a radially inhomogeneous density profile of plasma electrons formed during optical field ionisation, the region of the parameters of the laser pulse and the gas target is determined at which ionisation refraction leads to the excitation of an intense wake wave. It is found that in a pre-ionised plasma a wake wave is not generated even at the same laser radiation intensity.
Quantum cascade laser with bound-to-quasi-continuum optical transitions at a temperature of up to 371 K
Authors: Molodtsov I.S. , Raspopov N.A. , Lobintsov A.V. , Danilov A.I. , Krysa A.B. , Zasavitskii I.I. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Based on a matched Ga0.47In0.53As/Al0.48In0.52As heteropair, we have developed a quantum cascade laser emitting at a wavelength of 7.4 μm. The chosen heterostructure with a relatively large number of quantum wells and barriers represents two mini-bands separated by a mini-gap with a localised doublet level near the upper mini-band, which provides a wide emission band (∼100 cm−1). In a pulse regime, the maximal laser operation temperature is 371 K. Such a high temperature is explained by two factors: a large energy of the transfer from the doublet to the upper mini-band and a large volt defect. The characteristic temperatures T
0 are found, which are equal to 170 K for low (less than 300 K) temperatures and 270 K for the range of 300 − 370 K. In addition, optical cavity losses are determined to be 2.5 and 7.7 cm−1 at temperatures of 80 and 254 K, respectively. The pulse power is 0.3 W at 80 K and 0.05 W at 293 K.
10-W 4.6-μm quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Dudelev V.V. , Mikhailov D.A. , Babichev A.V. , Losev S.N. , Kognovitskaya E.A. , Lyutetskii A.V. , Slipchenko S.O. , Pikhtin N.A. , Gladyshev A.G. , Denisov D.V. , Novikov I.I. , Karachinsky L.Ya. , Kuchinskii V.I. , Egorov A.Yu. , Sokolovskii G.S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ridge quantum-cascade lasers emitting near 4.6 μm are fabricated and their power and spectral characteristics are studied. Stable pulsed lasing with an output optical power exceeding 10 W (more than 5 W from one facet) at room temperature is demonstrated.
Smart adaptive optical system for correcting the laser wavefront distorted by atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Rukosuev A.L. , Belousov V.N. , Nikitin A.N. , Sheldakova Yu.V. , Kudryashov A.V. , Bogachev V.A. , Volkov M.V. , Garanin S.G. , Starikov F.A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An adaptive optical system is developed to correct the wavefront of laser radiation distorted by a turbulent air flow. The use of a field-programmable gate array as the main control element makes it possible to achieve a system bandwidth of 2 kHz. The results of experiments on dynamic correction of the phase of a laser beam distorted by a flow of heated air are presented and analysed.