bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing Anemia in Pregnant Women and School Children through a Field Tested Novel Strategy
Authors: Susheela Andezhath Kumaran , Kumari Chandrawati 
Published: May 2020

Objective
To introduce a protocol for improving hemoglobin (Hb), rectifying anemia in pregnant women and school children through practice of interventions.

Materials and Methods
Pregnant women (n = 3,262) visiting antenatal clinics (ANCs) in two government hospitals in New Delhi were screened for Hb using a hemoglobinometer. Those anemic with Hb <12.0 g/dL were tested for fluoride in urine samples, using ion meter with F–-specific electrode. Those who are anemic with high urine fluoride level (UFL ≥1.0 mg/L) were tested for fluoride in drinking water. If water fluoride is ≥1.0 mg/L, a large number of samples were tested from the neighborhood water sources. Besides, the pregnant women were advised to use water from safe sources for cooking and drinking purposes. The pregnant women, who visited ANCs were retested for Hb and UFL during every visit and introduced to diet editing and diet counseling. Body mass index was calculated initially and prior to delivery. Delivery outcome information was collected and recorded from labor room register.
Girls and boys (n = 2,420) attending six schools in the national capital were inducted in the study. “Informed consents” were obtained from the parents of the recruited children and the principal of the school. The “ascent” was obtained from the children. The protocol comprised screening for Hb and testing of fluoride levels in the urine and drinking water. Diet editing and counseling were introduced to parents/mothers during parent–teacher meetings and impact of the interventions was assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months postintervention and the recorded data were evaluated and analyzed statistically.

Results
It was observed that 83% of pregnant women in whom anemia was corrected delivered normal birth weight infants (2.5–3.89 kg). The 17% women in whom anemia was not corrected gave birth to low birth weight infants (1.87–2.48 kg). The school children in whom the diet editing was used as an intervention showed statistically significant enhanced Hb levels. These children did not require weekly iron and folic acid supplementation. It appears that educating parents to provide nutrient-rich food for correcting anemia seems to be an important intervention.

Conclusion
Fluoride from water, food, beverages, use of rock salt with high F– 157 ppm in cooking and churans when withdrawn, structural changes in the gastrointestinal system was rectified, thus enhanced absorption of nutrients. The nation should have a meaningful protocol to do justice to pregnant women and school children afflicted with anemia.
A Best-Fit of an Anatomic Tibial Baseplate Closely Parallels the Flexion-Extension Plane and Covers a High Percentage of the Proximal Tibia
Authors: Nedopil Alexander J. , Zamora Tomas , Shelton Trevor , Howell Stephen M. , Hull Maury 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere are no reports of in vivo internal–external (I–E) rotational alignment and coverage of the proximal tibia after performing a best-fit method of an anatomically designed and asymmetrically shaped tibial baseplate during calipered kinematically aligned (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We hypothesized that a best-fit plane sets the anterior–posterior (A–P) axis of the anatomic baseplate closely parallel to the flexion–extension (F–E) plane of the knee and covers a high percentage of the proximal tibia. A total of 145 consecutive primary TKAs were prospectively collected. The calipered KA method and verification checks set the positions and orientations of the components without ligament release in all knees without restrictions on the preoperative deformities. A best-fit method selected one of six trials of anatomic baseplates that maximized coverage and set I–E rotation parallel to and within the cortical edge of the proximal tibia. The angle between the transverse axes of the components (i.e., the deviation of the A–P axis of the anatomic baseplate from the F–E plane of the native knee) and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the proximal tibia were measured on postoperative computerized tomographic scans. The mean deviation of the anatomic baseplate from the F–E plane was 2-degree external ± 5 degrees. The mean coverage of the proximal tibia was 87 ± 6% (CSA of baseplate from the manufacturer/CSA of proximal tibia × 100). The anatomic baseplate and best-fit method adequately set I–E rotation of the baseplate closely parallel to the F–E plane of the knee and cover a high percentage of the proximal tibia.
On the probability ratio index as a measure of electoral competition
Authors: Chakravarty Satya R. , Mitra Manipushpak , Mutuswami Suresh , Pal Rupayan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with the fundamental issue of quantifying the degree of competitiveness underlying an election in a society. That is, given the vote shares of competing political parties in the election one needs to arrive at a representative metric of electoral competition. The vote share of a party represents its influence on the outcome of the election. A summary measure of differences of such influences across parties, aggregated in an unambiguous way, is an index of electoral competitiveness. The literature contains several such indices. Implicit under the choice of an index is a set of properties that the index satisfies. A highly attractive feature of the probability ratio index we suggest in this article, as a summary measure of electoral competition, is its suitability for making comparisons of competitiveness across elections with different number of parties. The probability ratio index is simply the ratio between the probabilities that the two voters drawn at random with (without) replacement have voted for different parties under actual vote shares across the competing parties and under equal vote shares across them. The comparability feature of the probability ratio index can be maintained without sacrificing any nice characteristic expected from an electoral competition measure. The probability ratio index is inversely related to the well-known Herfindahl–Hirschman concentration index that indicates dominance of large parties, directly related to the fractionalization index, which indicates how vote shares are split among the parties, and also inversely related to the squared coefficient of variation, a highly popular measure of inequality. It is argued explicitly how the new index can be applied to measure competitiveness for true data. Simple examples are used to demonstrate why probability ratio index has a comparative advantage over some other well-known indices, particularly, in terms of cross-election comparability.
Postdoctoral scholars’ perspectives about professional learning and development: a concurrent mixed-methods study
Authors: Nowell Lorelli , Ovie Glory , Kenny Natasha , Jacobsen Michele 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPostdoctoral scholars pursue diverse career paths requiring broad skill sets; however, little is known about postdoctoral scholars’ perspectives about their professional learning, and development needs. The objective of this mixed-methods study was to identify current professional learning and development opportunities used by postdoctoral scholars to obtain the required broad skills sets of value for a changing career landscape. A concurrent mixed-methods design was utilized including a cross sectional survey and qualitative interviews. Analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis; quantitative and qualitative findings were then triangulated for convergent themes. Key findings indicate that although postdoctoral scholars engage in a variety of professional learning, the perceived usefulness of these sessions varies widely, and the types of professional learning and development that they engage in, may not best support the realities of their future careers. Given the significant resources often required to support professional learning and development initiatives, a deeper understanding and alignment of postdoctoral scholars needs with provided opportunities may help to ensure scarce resources are invested in the most useful and effective strategies.
A description of bare noun phrases in Reunion Creole
Authors: Albers Ulrike 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses the general distribution and interpretation of bare noun phrases (BNPs) in Reunion Creole
(RC). To set the required background for this description, it also discusses the count-mass distinction and offers an insight into
the determiner system since elements such as prenominal lo and postnominal -la have received
rather divergent designations and analyses in the literature. Observations rely on oral data and felicity judgments.
We show that RC BNPs can occupy the same positions as noun phrases (NPs) modified by a determiner and that they
can be left-dislocated, clefted and topicalized. We provide evidence that, except for some specific contexts, monosyllabic BNPs
are not licensed and that the form lo is mandatory to build a grammatical NP out of nouns formed by a unique
light syllable.1 We also demonstrate that, in these cases, lo is actually a
semantically empty element. BNPs are number-neutral; we argue that existential BNPs are pseudo-incorporated in some cases but that
they always have weak reference. BNPs can receive generic and kind readings, as well as an existential and a certain definite
interpretation: they are weak definites, i.e. they are semantically, never pragmatically definite (following Löbner 1985, 1998, 2011, 2015).
Pidginization in Abha, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Azraqi Munira 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study focuses on a pidgin predominantly used by Asian immigrants in the city of Abha in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia, examining multifunctionality as it appears in three grammatical categories, definiteness, predication, and pronouns. Whereas previous studies on Gulf Arabic Pidgin have described the variety in terms of multifunctionality (e.g. Avram 2004; Bakir 2014, and Potsdam and Alanazi 2014), the current study focuses on the different pathways that bring it about. Three types of multifunctionality are described in terms of refunctionalization, generalization and neutralization. hada (< *haaða ‘this’) is refunctionalized to mark definiteness and as a deictic marker fills the function of the demonstrative. fī, (< *fi ‘at, exist’) has multiple functions being used as a preposition, an existential marker in the meaning of ‘there is/are’, a generalized predicate marker when occurring before adjectival, nominal and verbal predicates. The pronominal system shows simplification from ten to five pronouns only. The study is based on data collected in interviews with a random sample of twenty-four Asian participants of both sexes. Their ages ranged from 26 to 45 years old and their length of stay in Saudi Arabia ranged from four to nine years. They occupied different jobs. A total of twenty nine hours of audio-visual interview data were analysed.
Adopt and adapt written Kreol
Authors: Owodally A Mooznah Auleear 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFocusing on madrassah1Islamiyat2textbooks written in Kreol by two local textbook writers for use in Sunni madrassahs in Mauritius, the present study shows how the writers have adopted Kreol, enriching and adapting it with loanwords from Arabic, to communicate religious information to the children attending the madrassah. The corpus for this study being a sample of locally produced Islamiyat textbooks, document analysis constituted the primary method of data collection and analysis. Interviews with the textbook writers were carried out in order to obtain insiders’ insights into the strategies they used to convey Islamic ideas in Kreol, a language not lexically equipped for this. The analysis reveals that the textbook writers used ‘loanwords by necessity’ – cultural borrowings (Haspelmath 2009) that were adapted through transliteration (Hassan 2016) – for proper names and honorifics, as well as for people, objects, practices and beliefs. A search in theDiksioner Morisien(Carpooran 2011) reveals that a majority of these loanwords do not currently appear in the Dictionary, suggesting the emergence of a new register. I thus argue that at the grassroots level, the Sunni Muslim community is in the process of developing a new religious register of Kreol, which is currently being used and which is also being transmitted to younger generations through the madrassahs. This reflects the Mauritian Sunni Muslims’ strong sense of attachment to Kreol, a language that tends to be associated with the Creole community in Mauritius.
Chavacano (Philippine Creole Spanish)
Authors: Jacobs Bart , Parkvall Mikael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article argues that the three existing varieties of Chavacano are descendents of one and the same proto-variety. While their direct relatedness used to be agreed upon, it has recently been questioned to differing extents by Lipski (e.g.1992,2010,2013) and Fernández (e.g.2006,2011). There is a large gap in Chavacano research insofar as systematic attempts at verifying or falsifying the alleged kinship between the varieties are missing to date. This article makes a first such attempt and argues that the varieties are indeed genetically related.
L2 pronunciation networking and conferences
Authors: Levis John M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProfessional conferences are a critical part of a growing and thriving field. L2 pronunciation has a growing number of dedicated conferences, and other long-standing conferences that are related to L2 pronunciation have seen greater participation from L2 pronunciation researchers as the field has grown. This article describes conferences that are of interest to the field of L2 pronunciation.
The politics of youth struggles for land in post-land reform Zimbabwe
Authors: Chipato Fadzai , Wang Libin , Zuo Ting , Mudimu George T. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe youth in post-land reform Zimbabwe are engaged in struggles for land ownership, access and control. This article focuses on youth struggles from the grassroots to the national level. The struggles for land emanate from a number of factors among which are: elite alienation, the state’s failure to exercise its constitutional mandate of a broad-based land reform, weak economic structure, the conflation of party and state politics, political opportunity calculations and social justice concerns. The conflation of party and state politics has exacerbated the use of land for patronage purposes and led to further youth disenfranchisement and more parochialism, as demonstrated by the narrowing of the youth’s national struggle for land to a party political matter. This has subordinated youth land struggles to the dictates of party politics. Youth in the rural areas unable to access productive land embarked on informal land occupation as they waited for unfulfilled promises from the authorities. The youth struggles are at a crossroads as the state’s narrative, discourse and policy position shifts under a new administration and economic order premised on neoliberalism.
Flow and rheology of frictional elongated grains
Authors: Nagy Dániel B , Claudin Philippe , Börzsönyi Tamás , Somfai Ellák 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The rheology of a 3-dimensional granular system consisting of frictional elongated particles was investigated by means of discrete element model calculations. A homogenous shear flow of frictional spherocyliders was simulated, and a number of rheological quantities were calculated. In the framework of the μ(I) rheology, the effective friction was found to be a non-monotonic function of the aspect ratio for interparticle friction coefficient μ
p ≲ 0.4, while it was an increasing function for larger μ
p. We reveal the microscopic origin of this peculiar non-monotonic behaviour. We show the non-trivial dependence of the velocity fluctuations on the dissipation regime, and trace back the behaviour of the normal stress differences to particle-level quantities.
Composite structure and enhanced photocatalytic activity in Mn–Co–Ni–O/LaMnO3 microparticles
Authors: Ma Chao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A series of Mn–Co–Ni–O/LaMnO3 composite materials were synthesized through the sol-gel method. The structure of these powders changed from the spinel to a spinel–perovskite mixed phase as the content of LaMnO3 increased from 0 to 50%. Meanwhile, some grains of composite material were refined to form many small particles and distributed among the porous microparticles. According to the absorption spectra of composite samples, the strong absorption structures appeared in visible ranges, especially between 400 and 730 nm. The photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under the visible light irradiation indicated that the percentage of LaMnO3 at 50% exhibited the highest degradation rate (70.2%) in 150 min. Its high photocatalytic activity was mainly due to the large surface area, strong visible light absorption and increased ratio of Mn3+/Mn4+ ions. These new micro-structured photocatalysts were expected to show considerable potential applications in the water treatment.
Prediction of the evolution of the stress field of polycrystals undergoing elastic-plastic deformation with a hybrid neural network model
Authors: Frankel Ari , Tachida Kousuke , Jones Reese 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Crystal plasticity theory is often employed to predict the mesoscopic states of polycrystalline metals, and is well-known to be costly to simulate. Using a neural network with convolutional layers encoding correlations in time and space, we were able to predict the evolution of the dominant component of the stress field given only the initial microstructure and external loading. In comparison to our recent work, we were able to predict not only the spatial average of the stress response but the evolution of the field itself. We show that the stress fields and their rates are in good agreement with the two dimensional crystal plasticity data and have no visible artifacts. Furthermore the distribution of stress throughout the elastic to fully plastic transition match the truth provided by held out crystal plasticity data. Lastly we demonstrate the efficacy of the trained model in material characterization and optimization tasks.
The use of micro RNA in the early detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Wittenborn Julia , Weikert Leonore , Hangarter Birgit , Stickeler Elmar , Maurer Jochen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
An important issue in current oncological research is prevention as well as early detection of cancer. This includes also the difficulty to predict the progression of early or pre-cancerous lesions to invasive cancer. In this context, the characterization and categorization of pre-neoplastic lesions of squamous cell carcinoma [cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)] are an important task with major clinical impact. Screening programs are worldwide established with the aim to detect and eradicate such lesions with the potential to develop untreated into cervical cancer. From the literature it is known that around 5% of CIN 2 and 12% of CIN 3 cases will progress to cancer. The use of molecular markers extracted from cervical mucus might help to identify these high-risk cases and to exclude unnecessary biopsies or surgical treatment. Here we can show that micro RNA (miRNA) analysis from cervical mucus of 49 patients allowed us to distinguish between healthy patients and patients with CIN 3. The miRNA panel used in combination allowed for highly significant testing (P &lt; 0.0001) of CIN 3 status. In parallel, the human papillomavirus status of the patients, the most important factor for the development of cervical cancer, significantly correlated with the miRNA markers hsa-miR-26b-5p, hsa-miR-191-5p and hsa-miR-143-3p, a subpanel of the original six miRNAs. We provide here a proof-of-concept for cervical mucus-based testing for pre-neoplastic stages of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
Fatal case of hospital-acquired hypernatraemia in a neonate: lessons learned from a tragic error
Authors: Overgaard-Steensen Christian , Poorisrisak Porntiva , Heiring Christian , Schmidt Lisbeth Samsø , Voldby Anders , Høi-Hansen Christina , Langkilde Annika , Sterns Richard H 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA 3-week-old boy with viral gastroenteritis was by error given 200 mL 1 mmol/mL hypertonic saline intravenously instead of isotonic saline. His plasma sodium concentration (PNa) increased from 136 to 206 mmol/L. Extreme brain shrinkage and universal hypoperfusion despite arterial hypertension resulted. Treatment with glucose infusion induced severe hyperglycaemia. Acute haemodialysis decreased the PNa to 160 mmol/L with an episode of hypoperfusion. The infant developed intractable seizures, severe brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging and died. The most important lesson is to avoid recurrence of this tragic error. The case is unique because a known amount of sodium was given intravenously to a well-monitored infant. Therefore the findings give us valuable data on the effect of fluid shifts on the PNa, the circulation and the brain’s response to salt intoxication and the role of dialysis in managing it. The acute salt intoxication increased PNa to a level predicted by the Edelman equation with no evidence of osmotic inactivation of sodium. Treatment with glucose in water caused severe hypervolaemia and hyperglycaemia; the resulting increase in urine volume exacerbated hypernatraemia despite the high urine sodium concentration, because electrolyte-free water clearance was positive. When applying dialysis, caution regarding circulatory instability is imperative and a treatment algorithm is proposed.