bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telehealth educational interventions in nurse practitioner education: An integrative literature review
Authors: Gartz Jenna , O'Rourke Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Telehealth is a solution to combat multiple health care problems such as lack of access, provider shortages, increasing health care expenditures, and a growing number of people living with chronic conditions. Nurse practitioner students are not adequately educated in telehealth and may be unprepared to use it in their future careers.

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy of telehealth educational interventions synthesizing current literature.

Data sources:
Using PubMed and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases, a search was conducted in October 2019 for peer-reviewed articles in English using search terms “telemedicine,” telehealth,” “ehealth,” “mhealth,” and “mobile health,” along with “graduate nursing education” and “nursing education.”

Conclusions:
A total of 15 articles were included for review. Minimal nurse practitioner student education should include didactic content and student projects because of the ease of implementation. When telehealth didactic education is combined with experiential learning such as simulation and clinical experience, the benefit is greater.

Implications for practice:
The identified methods for increasing telehealth education should be implemented to prepare nurse practitioner students because telehealth continues to grow and become a vital part of American health care. Telehealth educational resources should be increased, as telehealth is only as useful as providers are prepared to use it.
Does Calcium Dobesilate Have Therapeutic Effect on Gentamicin-induced Cochlear Nerve Ototoxicity? An Experimental Study
Authors: Çınar Zehra , Edizer Deniz Tuna , Yiğit Özgür , Altunay Zeynep Önerci , Gül Mehmet , Ataş Ahmet 
Published: September 2020

Hypothesis:
The ototoxic effects of aminoglycosides are well known. Gentamicin carries a substantial risk of hearing loss. Gentamicin is widely used to combat life-threatening infections, despite its ototoxic effects. Calcium dobesilate is a pharmacologically active agent used to treat many disorders due to its vasoprotective and antioxidant effects. We investigated the therapeutic role of calcium dobesilate against gentamicin-induced cochlear nerve ototoxicity in an animal model.

Methods:
Thirty-two Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Gentamicin, Gentamicin + Calcium Dobesilate, Calcium Dobesilate, and Control. Preoperative and postoperative hearing thresholds were determined using auditory brainstem response thresholds with click and 16-kHz tone-burst stimuli. Histological analysis of the tympanic bulla specimens was performed under light and transmission electron microscopy. The histological findings were subjected to semiquantitative grading, of which the results were compared between the groups.

Results:
Gentamicin + Calcium Dobesilate group had, on average, 27 dB better click-evoked hearing than Gentamicin group (p < 0.01), whereas the difference was not significant with 16-kHz tone-burst stimuli (p > 0.01). Histologically examining the Control and Calcium Dobesilate groups revealed normal ultrastructural appearances. The Gentamicin group showed the most severe histological alterations including myelin destruction, total axonal degeneration, and edema. The histological evidence of damage was significantly reduced in the Gentamicin + Calcium Dobesilate group compared with the Gentamicin group.

Conclusion:
Adding oral calcium dobesilate to systemic gentamicin was demonstrated to exert beneficial effects on click-evoked hearing thresholds, as supported by the histological findings.
Psychometric Testing of Papanicolaou Testing Barriers and Self-efficacy Scales Among Black Women
Authors: Biederman Erika , Zimet Gregory , Champion Victoria 
Published: September 2020

Background
Black women face cervical cancer disparities with higher rates of morbidity and mortality compared with White women. Identifying predictors of Papanicolaou (Pap) testing is a first step to decrease morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer, with barriers and self-efficacy being constructs that should be related to Pap testing adherence. Although barriers and self-efficacy scales have been developed, they have not been validated in Black women for Pap testing.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to modify and psychometrically test barriers and self-efficacy to Pap testing in a Black population.

Intervention/Methods
Data were collected from a minority health fair. Internal consistency reliability testing was conducted using item analysis and Cronbach’s α. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis and logistic regression. Papanicolaou testing adherence was regressed on each scale (barriers and self-efficacy) while controlling for antecedents.

Results
Data demonstrated 2 reliable scales: (1) barriers (Cronbach’s α = .79), item-total correlation = 0.479 to 0.628; and (2) self-efficacy (Cronbach’s α = .85), item-total correlation = 0.560 to 0.697. Exploratory factor analysis supported 2 unidimensional scales. The regression models supported a relationship between each scale and Pap testing adherence.

Conclusions
The data suggested barriers and self-efficacy scales were reliable and valid among Black women. Barriers and self-efficacy could be tailored in future interventions to increase Pap testing adherence.

Implications for Practice
Nurses could use responses to these scales for framing discussions about Pap testing.
Exercise-induced hypoalgesia after acute and regular exercise: experimental and clinical manifestations and possible mechanisms in individuals with and without pain
Authors: Vaegter Henrik Bjarke , Jones Matthew David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Exercise and physical activity is recommended treatment for a wide range of chronic pain conditions. In addition to several well-documented effects on physical and mental health, 8 to 12 weeks of exercise therapy can induce clinically relevant reductions in pain. However, exercise can also induce hypoalgesia after as little as 1 session, which is commonly referred to as exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). In this review, we give a brief introduction to the methodology used in the assessment of EIH in humans followed by an overview of the findings from previous experimental studies investigating the pain response after acute and regular exercise in pain-free individuals and in individuals with different chronic pain conditions. Finally, we discuss potential mechanisms underlying the change in pain after exercise in pain-free individuals and in individuals with different chronic pain conditions, and how this may have implications for clinical exercise prescription as well as for future studies on EIH.
The mechanisms of effect of a physiotherapist-delivered integrated psychological and exercise intervention for acute whiplash-associated disorders: secondary mediation analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Elphinston Rachel A. , Sterling Michele , Kenardy Justin , Smeets Rob , Armfield Nigel R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Integrated psychological and physical treatments can improve recovery for whiplash-associated disorders (WADs). Little is known about how these interventions work.

Objective:
To examine the mechanisms by which a physiotherapist-delivered integrated intervention for acute WAD improves health outcomes.

Methods:
Secondary analysis using structural equation modelling of a randomized controlled trial comparing integrated stress inoculation training and exercise to exercise alone for acute WAD. Outcomes were disability, pain self-efficacy, pain intensity, and health-related quality of life at 12 months. The intended intervention target and primary mediator, stress was tested in parallel with pain-related coping, an additional cognitive behavioral mediator that significantly improved at posttreatment (Model 1). Stress-related constructs that commonly co-occur with stress and pain were also tested as parallel mediators: depression and pain-related coping (Model 2); and posttraumatic stress and pain-related coping (Model 3).

Results:
Reductions in stress mediated the effect of the integrated intervention on disability (β = −0.12, confidence interval [CI] = −0.21 to −0.06), pain self-efficacy (β = 0.09, CI = 0.02–0.18), pain (β = −0.12, CI = −0.21 to −0.06), and health-related quality of life (β = 0.11, CI = 0.04–0.21). There was an additional path to pain self-efficacy through pain-related coping (β = 0.06, CI = 0.01–0.12). Similar patterns were found in Models 2 and 3.

Conclusions:
Improvements in stress and related constructs of depression and posttraumatic stress, and pain-related coping were causal mechanisms of effect in a physiotherapist-delivered integrated intervention. As integrated interventions are growing in popularity, it is important to further personalize interventions for improved benefit.
Brief Report: Accuracy of FIB-4 for Cirrhosis in People Living With HIV and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Torgersen Jessie , Kallan Michael J. , Carbonari Dena M. , Park Lesley S. , Mehta Rajni L. , D’Addeo Kathryn , Tate Janet P. , Lim Joseph K. , Goetz Matthew Bidwell , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C. , Bräu Norbert , Brown Sheldon T. , Taddei Tamar H. , Justice Amy C. , Lo Re Vincent 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may develop in the absence of cirrhosis in HIV, and determining how often this occurs can provide insights into mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Studies evaluating the prevalence of cirrhosis in the setting of HCC among people living with HIV (PLWH) often rely on noninvasive markers, such as the Fibrosis-4 Index for Hepatic Fibrosis (FIB-4). However, the accuracy of FIB-4 for cirrhosis in the setting of HCC has not been determined among PLWH.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study among PLWH in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study with VA cancer registry-confirmed HCC diagnosed between 1999 and 2015. FIB-4 was calculated using the age, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and platelet count obtained closest to, but within 1 year before, HCC diagnosis. Medical records were reviewed within 1 year before HCC diagnosis to determine the cirrhosis status. We evaluated the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve and performance characteristics of FIB-4 for confirmed cirrhosis.

Results:
Incident HCC was diagnosed in 302 PLWH. After medical record review, 203 (67.2%, 95% confidence interval: 61.6% to 72.5%) had evidence of cirrhosis. FIB-4 identified patients with cirrhosis with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.67 (95% confidence interval: 0.60 to 0.73). FIB-4 scores >5.0 had a positive predictive value >80% and specificity of >77%, negative predictive value of <41%, and sensitivity of <45%.

Conclusion:
The accuracy of FIB-4 for cirrhosis in the setting of HIV and HCC is modest and may result in misclassification of cirrhosis in this population.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Recurrent Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Ovary: A Retrospective Analysis of 11 Cases
Authors: Matsuki Mitsuru , Numoto Isao , Suzuki Ayako , Hamakawa Takefumi , Matsukubo Yuko , Tsurusaki Masakatsu , Ishii Kazunari , Otani Tomoyuki , Matsumura Noriomi 
Published: September 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to characterize magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with recurrent ovarian adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs).

Methods
Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging manifestations of recurrent AGCTs were evaluated in 11 patients.

Results
Initial recurrences of AGCT were diagnosed between 13 months and 30 years (mean, 11.3 years). Recurrent tumors were located in the pelvic peritoneum, the abdominal peritoneum, the retroperitoneum, and bone. The number of recurrent tumors varied from 1 to 5. Tumors varied in morphology and all margins were well circumscribed. The internal structures noted were as follows: multilocular cystic and solid and cystic. Furthermore, internal hemorrhage and sponge-like multicystic components were identified.

Conclusions
Ovarian AGCTs recurred in the pelvic peritoneum, abdominal peritoneum, and the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Large recurrent AGCTs were commonly well circumscribed, round or lobulated, and multilocular cystic or solid and cystic. Moreover, they frequently included internal hemorrhage and sponge-like multicystic components.
Auricular Pseudocyst
Authors: Whittle Carolina , Castro Alex , Pereira Maria Jose , Cabrera Raul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Auricular pseudocyst (AP) is a rare benign condition that corresponds to an intracartilaginous collection resulting in a noninflammatory cystic swelling of the ear.
The objective is to describe ultrasound and clinical presentation of histologically proven AP.
An Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved a 6-year retrospective study. Patients with an auricular pseudocyst were selected. Fifty-nine percent of the cases were referred with clinical suspicion of AP. One hundred percent were men, and in 76% of the cases, AP was located in the scaphoid fossa. The mean age was 35 years (76% from 20 to 50 years).
Unilateral lesion was present in 94% of the cases. A single lesion was found in 88% and multiple lesions in 12%. On high-resolution ultrasound increased thickness of the cartilage was observed in all patients with a cystic lesion inside the cartilage. Fifty-nine percent of the cases were totally anechoic. The other presented echoes or septa inside the cystic lesion.
In conclusion high-resolution ultrasound allows to study the exact anatomic involvement of the cartilage and the surrounding tissues. The auricular pseudocyst presented a characteristic ultrasound finding permitting an adequate early diagnosis and monitoring treatment. Knowledge of this pathology and the sonographic finding is important for a correct diagnosis.
Supportive Interventions During Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Bailey Donald E. , Zucker Donna M. 
Published: September 2020

There are an estimated 3 million people living with chronic hepatitis C, yet many have limited access to healthcare and treatment due to a variety of behavioral/lifestyle determinants of health. The aim of this literature review was to examine care models and innovations for people successfully treated from 2011 to 2018. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL to identify care models for people undergoing treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Ten articles met criteria for inclusion and included multiple types of care models, including nurse initiated (n = 2), telemedicine care (n = 3), group visit (n = 1), concurrent treatment (n = 1), community health center care (n = 1), and integrated care (n = 2). Eight of the studies focused on people with mental health challenges and/or substance use disorder. Sustained virological response was the primary outcome of all studies; adherence was a secondary outcome measured in 8 studies.
This search occurred during a period where treatment moved from interferon-based therapy to all-oral direct-acting antiviral medications, representing a paradigm shift in treatment of chronic hepatitis C. As new treatments offer cure for up to 95% of patients, these studies provided strong evidence of benefit for innovative care models for patients with mental health and substance use disorder to complete treatment.
Pediatric adjusted reverse shock index multiplied by Glasgow Coma Scale as a prospective predictor for mortality in pediatric trauma
Authors: Lammers Daniel T. , Marenco Christopher W. , Do Woo S. , Conner Jeff R. , Horton John D. , Martin Matthew J. , Escobar Mauricio A. , Bingham Jason R. , Eckert Matthew J. 
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION
Shock index and its pediatric adjusted derivative (pediatric age-adjusted shock index [SIPA]) have demonstrated utility as prospective predictors of mortality in adult and pediatric trauma populations. Although basic vital signs provide promise as triage tools, factors such as neurologic status on arrival have profound implications for trauma-related outcomes. Recently, the reverse shock index multiplied by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (rSIG) has been validated in adult trauma as a tool combining early markers of physiology and neurologic function to predict mortality. This study sought to compare the performance characteristics of rSIG against SIPA as a prospective predictor of mortality in pediatric war zone injuries.

METHODS
Retrospective review of the Department of Defense Trauma Registry, 2008 to 2016, was performed for all patients younger than 18 years with documented vital signs and GCS on initial arrival to the trauma bay. Optimal age-specific cutoff values were derived for rSIG via the Youden index using receiver operating characteristic analyses. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to validate accuracy in predicting early mortality.

RESULTS
A total of 2,007 pediatric patients with a median age range of 7 to 12 years, 79% male, average Injury Severity Score of 11.9, and 62.5% sustaining a penetrating injury were included in the analysis. The overall mortality was 7.1%. A total of 874 (43.5%) and 685 patients (34.1%) had elevated SIPA and pediatric rSIG scores, respectively. After adjusting for demographics, mechanism of injury, initial vital signs, and presenting laboratory values, rSIG (odds ratio, 4.054; p = 0.01) was found to be superior to SIPA (odds ratio, 2.742; p < 0.01) as an independent predictor of early mortality.

CONCLUSION
Reverse shock index multiplied by GCS score more accurately identifies pediatric patients at highest risk of death when compared with SIPA alone, following war zone injuries. These findings may help further refine early risk assessments for patient management and resource allocation in constrained settings. Further validation is necessary to determine applicability to the civilian population.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic study, level IV.
Evaluation of a population health strategy to reduce distracted driving: Examining all “Es” of injury prevention
Authors: Charyk Stewart Tanya , Edwards Jane , Penney Alyssa , Gilliland Jason , Clark Andrew , Haidar Tania , Batey Brandon , Pfeffer Amanda , Fraser Douglas D. , Merritt Neil H. , Parry Neil G. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND
Cell phone use while driving (CPWD) increases the risk of crashing and is a major contributor to injuries and deaths. The objective of this study was to describe the evaluation of a multifaceted, evidence-based population health strategy for the reduction of distracted driving.

METHODS
A multipronged campaign was undertaken from 2014 to 2016 for 16- to 44-year-olds, based on epidemiology, focused on personal stories and consequences, using the “Es” of injury prevention (epidemiology, education, environment, enforcement, and evaluation). Education consisted of distracted driving videos, informational cards, a social media AdTube campaign, and a movie theater trailer, which were evaluated with a questionnaire regarding CPWD attitudes, opinions, and behaviors. Spatial analysis of data within a geographic information system was used to target advertisements. A random sample telephone survey evaluated public awareness of the campaign. Increased CPWD enforcement was undertaken by police services and evaluated by ARIMA time series modeling.

RESULTS
The AdTube campaign had a view rate of >10% (41,101 views), slightly higher for females. The top performing age group was 18- to 24-year-olds (49%). Our survey found 61% of respondents used handheld CPWD (14% all of the time) with 80% reporting our movie trailer made them think twice about future CPWD. A stakeholder survey and spatial analysis targeted our advertisements in areas of close proximity to high schools, universities, near intersections with previous motor vehicle collisions, high traffic volumes, and population density. A telephone survey revealed that 41% of the respondents were aware of our campaign, 17% from our print and movie theater ads and 3% from social media. Police enforcement campaign blitzes resulted in 160 tickets for CPWD. Following campaign implementation, there was a statistically significant mean decrease of 462 distracted driving citations annually (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSION
A multifaceted, evidence-based population health strategy using the Es of injury prevention with interdisciplinary collaboration is a comprehensive method to be used for the reduction of distracted driving.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, level IV.
Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Uyaroğlu Feray G. , Uçar Roza , Şengül Gülgün , Çelebisoy Neşe 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is raised intracranial pressure without any identifiable etiology. The inner ear structures are susceptible to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure changes because of connections between the CSF space and the labyrinth to explain the audiovestibular symptoms, such as pulsatile tinnitus or dizziness, reported in 50% to 60% of these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the vestibular functions using cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) in IIH.

Methods:
cVEMPs were recorded in 30 patients with IIH before lumbar puncture. Thirty healthy volunteers constituted the control group. The latencies of peaks p13 and n23 and peak-to-peak amplitude of p13–n23 were measured.

Results:
Responses were gathered bilaterally from all healthy controls. In 30 patients with IIH, 49 responses could be gathered from 60 tests (81.7%). The potential was absent bilaterally in five and unilaterally in one patient. When recorded, the latency and amplitude values of the responses of the patients were not significantly different from the healthy controls (P > 0.005). A correlation between CSF pressure and response persistence could not be determined.

Conclusions:
cVEMPs are affected in patients with IIH and the main finding is the absence of the responses. Increased intracranial pressure causing sound transmission changes within the inner ear can affect the saccular afferents and may end up with absent responses on air-conducted cVEMP recordings. To comment on the correlation between the CSF pressure and cVEMP changes, successive cVEMP recordings with longitudinal CSF pressure monitoring seem necessary.