bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19: Modelling Local Transmission and Morbidity effects to provide an estimate of overall Relative Healthcare Resource Impact by General Practice Granularity
Authors: Stedman Michael , Lunt Mark , Davies Mark , Gibson Martin , Heald Adrian 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the name given to the 2019 novel coronavirus. COVID-19 is the name given to the disease associated with the virus. SARS-CoV-2 is a new strain of coronavirus that has not been previously identified in humans.MethodsTwo key factors were analysed which when multiplied together would give an estimate of relative demand on healthcare utilisation. These factors were case incidence and case morbidity.GP Practice data was used as this provided the most geographically granular source of published public population data. To analyse case incidence, the latest values for indicators that could be associated with infection transmission rates were collected from the Office of National Statistics (ONS) and Quality Outcome Framework (QOF) sources. These included population density, % age >16 at fulltime work/education, % age over 60, % BME ethnicity, social deprivation as IMD 2019, Location as latitude/longitude, and patient engagement as % self-confident in their own long term condition management.Average case morbidity was calculated by applying the international mortality Odds Ratio to the local population relevant age and disease prevalences and then summing and dividing by the equivalent national figure. To provide a comparative measure of overall healthcare resource impact, individual GP practice impact scores were compared against the median practice.ResultsThe case incidence regression is a dynamic situation with the significance of specific factors moderating over time as the balance between external infection, community transmission and impact of mitigation measures feeds through to the number of cases. It showed that currently Urban, % Working and age >60 were the strongest determinants of case incidence.The local population comorbidity remains unchanged. The range of relative HC impact was wide with 80% of practices falling between 20%-250% of the national median.Once practice population numbers were included it showed that the top 33% of GP practices supporting 45% of the patient population would require 68% of COVID-19 healthcare resources. The model provides useful information about the relative impact of Covid-19 on healthcare workload at GP practice granularity in all parts of England.ConclusionCovid-19 is impacting on the utilisation of health and social care resources across the country. This model provides a method for predicting relative local levels of disease burden based on defined criteria and thereby providing a method for targeting limited (and perhaps soon to be scarce) care resources to optimise national, regional and local responses to the COVID-19 outbreak..
The Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) of cases due to gatherings and groups with relevance to COVID-19 mitigation strategies
Authors: Brooks-Pollock Ellen , Read Jonathan M , House Thomas , Medley Graham F , Keeling Matt J , Danon Leon 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBackgroundMany countries have banned groups and gatherings as part of their response to the pandemic caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Although there are outbreak reports involving mass gatherings, the contribution to overall transmission is unknown.MethodsWe used data from a survey of social contact behaviour that specifically asked about contact with groups to estimate the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) due to groups as the relative change in the Basic Reproduction Number when groups are prevented.FindingsGroups of 50+ individuals accounted for 0.5% of reported contact events, and we estimate that the PAF due to groups of 50+ people is 5.4% (95%CI 1.4%, 11.5%). The PAF due to groups of 20+ people is 18.9% (12.7%, 25.7%) and the PAF due to groups of 10+ is 25.2% (19.4%, 31.4%)InterpretationLarge groups of individuals have a relatively small epidemiological impact; small and medium sized groups between 10 and 50 people have a larger impact on an epidemic.
A Tempo-geographic Analysis of Global COVID-19 Epidemic Outside of China
Authors: Liao Huipeng , Marley Gifty , Si Yafei , Wang Zaisheng , Xie Yewei , Wang Cheng , Tang Weiming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the global epidemic trends, geographic distribution, and transmission patterns of COVID-19 contribute to providing timely information for the global response of the epidemic. This study aims to understand the global pandemic geospatial patterns and trends and identify new epicenters requiring urgent attention.MethodsData on COVID-19 between 31st Dec. 2019 and 14th Mar. 2020 was included. The epidemic trend was analyzed using joinpoint regressions; the growth of affected countries was by descriptive analysis; and the global distribution and transmission trend by spatial analysis. Findings: The number of new cases in the regions outside of China slowly increased before 24th Feb. and rapidly accelerated after 24th Feb. Compared to China, other affected countries experienced a longer duration of a slow increase at the early stage and rapid growth at the latter stages. The first apparent increase in the number of affected countries occurred from 23rd Jan to 1st Feb, and the second apparent increase started from 25th Feb. The fist COVID-19 cases reported by countries from 28th Feb. were mainly imported from Europe. The geographic distribution changed from single-center (13th Jan. - 20th Feb.) to multi-centers pattern (20th Feb. – 14th Mar.). More countries were affected with COVID-19 and developed local transmission.InterpretationThe joinpoint regression and geospatial analysis indicated a multi-center pandemic of COVID-19. Strategies to prevent the new multiple centers as well as prevent ongoing transmission are needed.FundingNIH.
Pubertal timing in boys and girls born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Authors: Subramanian Anuradhaa , Idkowiak Jan , Toulis Konstantinos A. , Thangaratinam Shakila , Arlt Wiebke , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTContextThe incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been on the rise, driven by maternal obesity. In parallel, pubertal tempo has increased in the general population, driven by childhood obesity.OjectiveTo evaluate the available evidence on pubertal timing of boys and girls born to mothers with GDM.Data SourcesWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane library and grey literature for observational studies up to October 2019.Study selection and extractionTwo reviewers independently selected studies, collected data and appraised study quality. Results were tabulated and narratively described as reported in the primary studies.ResultsSeven articles (six for girls and four for boys) were included. Study quality score was mostly moderate (ranging from 4 to 10 out of 11). In girls born to mothers with GDM, estimates suggest earlier timing of pubarche, thelarche and menarche although for each of these outcomes only one study each showed a statistically significant association. In boys, there was some association between maternal GDM and earlier pubarche, but inconsistency in the direction of shift of age at onset of genital and testicular development and first ejaculation. Only a single study analysed growth patterns in children of mothers with GDM, describing a 3-month advancement in the age of attainment of peak height velocity and a slight increase in pubertal tempo.ConclusionsPubertal timing may be influenced by the presence of maternal GDM, though current evidence is sparse and of limited quality. Prospective cohort studies should be conducted, ideally coupled with objective biochemical tests.
RNA editing enzyme APOBEC3A promotes pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophage polarization
Authors: Alqassim Emad Y. , Sharma Shraddha , Khan Anm Nazmul H. , Emmons Tiffany , Cortes-Gomez Eduardo , Singel Kelly L. , Mark Jaron , Davidson Bruce A. , McGray A. J. Robert , Liu Qian , Lichty Brian D. , Moysich Kirsten B. , Wang Jianmin , Odunsi Kunle , Segal Brahm H. , Baysal Bora E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPro-inflammatory (M1) macrophage polarization is associated with microbicidal and antitumor responses. We recently described APOBEC3A-mediated cytosine-to-uracil (C>U) RNA editing during M1 polarization. However, the functional significance of this editing is unknown. Here, we find that APOBEC3A-mediated cellular RNA editing can also be induced by influenza or Maraba virus infections of normal human macrophages, and by interferons in tumor-associated macrophages. Gene knockdown and RNA_Seq analyses show that APOBEC3A mediates C>U RNA editing of 209 exonic/UTR sites in 203 genes during M1 polarization. The highest level of deleterious C>U RNA editing occurred inTHOC5, encoding a nuclear mRNA export protein implicated in M-CSF-driven macrophage differentiation. Knockdown of APOBEC3A reduces pro-inflammatory M1 markers includingIL6, IL23AandIL12Bgene expression, CD86 surface protein expression, and TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 cytokine secretion, and increases glycolysis and glycolytic capacity. Thus, APOBEC3A cytidine deaminase plays an important role in transcriptomic and functional polarization of M1 macrophages.
IMPLICON: an ultra-deep sequencing method to uncover DNA methylation at imprinted regions
Authors: Klobučar Tajda , Kreibich Elisa , Krueger Felix , Arez Maria , Pólvora-Brandão Duarte , von Meyenn Ferdinand , Teixeira da Rocha Simão , Eckersley-Maslin Melanie 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTGenomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon leading to parental allele-specific expression. Dosage of imprinted genes is crucial for normal development and its dysregulation accounts for several human disorders. This unusual expression pattern is mostly dictated by differences in DNA methylation between parental alleles at specific regulatory elements known as imprinting control regions (ICRs). Although several approaches can be used for methylation inspection, we lack an easy and cost-effective method to simultaneously measure DNA methylation at multiple imprinted regions. Here, we present IMPLICON, a new high-throughput method measuring DNA methylation levels at imprinted regions with base-pair resolution and over 1000-fold coverage. We initially designed IMPLICON to look at ICRs in adult tissues of inbred mice. Then, we validated it in hybrid mice from reciprocal crosses for which we could discriminate methylation profiles in the two parental alleles. Lastly, we developed a human version of IMPLICON and detected imprinting errors in embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. We also provide rules and guidelines to adapt this method for investigating the DNA methylation landscape of any set of genomic regions. In summary, IMPLICON is a rapid, cost-effective and scalable method, which could become the gold standard in both imprinting research and diagnostics.
A mechanism for sensing of and adaptation to K+deprivation in plants
Authors: Wang Feng-Liu , Tan Ya-Lan , Wallrad Lukas , Du Xin-Qiao , Eickelkamp Anna , Wang Zhi-Fang , He Ge-Feng , Han Jian-Pu , Schmitz-Thom Ina , Wu Wei-Hua , Kudla Jörg , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2020

SummaryPotassium ions (K+) are essential for manifold cellular processes. Organismal K+homoeostasis requires sensing of K+availability, efficient uptake and defined distribution. Roots are the organ for K+uptake in plants and soil K+availability shapes root growth and architecture1. Important channels and transporters conveying cellular K+fluxes have been described2,3. Understanding K+sensing and the mechanisms that orchestrate downstream responses exemplifies how environmental conditions integrate with root development and is essential to advance plant nutrition for sustainable agriculture. Here, we report where plants sense K+deprivation and how this translates into spatially defined ROS signals to trigger HAK5 K+uptake transporter induction and accelerated maturation of the Casparian strip (CS) paracellular barrier. We define the organ scale K+pattern of roots and identify a postmeristematic K+-sensing niche (KSN) defined by rapid K+decline and Ca2+signals. We discover a Ca2+-triggered bifurcating low-K+signalling (LKS) axis in that LK-enhanced CIF peptide signalling reinforces SGN3-LKS4/SGN1 receptor kinase complex activation. As consequence, activation of the NOXs RBOHC and RBOHD conveys transcriptome adaptation including HAK5 induction and accelerated CS maturation superimposed on the RBOHF-executed default CS formation. These mechanisms synchronise developmental differentiation and transcriptome reprogramming for maintaining K+homoeostasis and optimising nutrient foraging by roots.
Clinically Applicable Deep Learning for Intracranial Aneurysm Detection in Computed Tomography Angiography Images: A Comprehensive Multicohort Study
Authors: Shi Zhao , Miao Chongchang , Pan Chengwei , Chai Xue , Li Xiu Li , Xia Shuang , Gu Yan , Zhang Yonggang , Hu Bin , Xu Wenda , Zhou Changsheng , Luo Son , Wang Hao , Mao Li , Liang Kongming , Yu Yizhou , Lu Guang Ming , Zhang Long Jiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntracranial aneurysm is a common life-threatening disease. CTA is recommended as a standard diagnosis tool, while the interpretation is time-consuming and challenging. We presented a novel deep-learning-based framework trained on 1,177 DSA verified bone-removal CTA cases. The framework had excellent tolerance to the influence of occult cases of CTA-negative but DSA-positive aneurysms, image quality, and manufacturers. Simulated real-world studies were conducted in consecutive internal and external cohorts, achieving improved sensitivity and negative predictive value than radiologists. A specific cohort of suspected acute ischemic stroke was employed and found 96.8% predicted-negative cases can be trusted with high confidence, leading to reducing in human burden. A prospective study is warranted to determine whether the algorithm could improve patients’ care in comparison to radiologists’ assessment.
Optimising age coverage of seasonal influenza vaccination in England: A mathematical and health economic evaluation
Authors: Hill Edward M. , Petrou Stavros , Forster Henry , de Lusignan Simon , Yonova Ivelina , Keeling Matt J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor infectious disease prevention, policy-makers are typically required to base policy decisions in light of operational and monetary restrictions, prohibiting implementation of all candidate interventions. To inform the evidence-base underpinning policy decision making, mathematical and health economic modelling can be a valuable constituent. Applied to England, this study aims to identify the optimal target age groups when extending a seasonal influenza vaccination programme of at-risk individuals to those individuals at low risk of developing complications following infection. To perform this analysis, we utilise an age- and strain-structured transmission model that includes immunity propagation mechanisms which link prior season epidemiological outcomes to immunity at the beginning of the following season. Making use of surveillance data from the past decade in conjunction with our dynamic model, we simulate transmission dynamics of seasonal influenza in England from 2012 to 2018. We infer that modified susceptibility due to natural infection in the previous influenza season is the only immunity propagation mechanism to deliver a non-negligible impact on the transmission dynamics. Further, we discerned case ascertainment to be higher for young infants compared to adults under 65 years old, and uncovered a decrease in case ascertainment as age increased from 65 to 85 years of age. Our health economic appraisal sweeps vaccination age space to determine threshold vaccine dose prices achieving cost-effectiveness under differing paired strategies. In particular, we model offering vaccination to all those low-risk individuals younger than a given age (but no younger than two years old) and all low-risk individuals older than a given age, while maintaining vaccination of at-risk individuals of any age. All posited strategies were deemed cost-effective. In general, the addition of low-risk vaccination programmes whose coverage encompassed children and young adults (aged 20 and below) were highly cost-effective. The inclusion of old age-groups to the low-risk programme typically lessened the cost-effectiveness. Notably, elderly-centric programmes vaccinating from 65-75 years and above had the least permitted expense per vaccine.
Relevance of brain MRI in patients with uveitis: retrospective cohort on 402 patients
Authors: Chirpaz N. , Kerever S. , Gavoille A. , Kodjikian L. , Bernier R. , Gerfaud-Valentin M. , Denis P. , Mathis T. , Jamilloux Y. , Sève P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the diagnostic value of brain magnetic resonance imaging (bMRI) for the etiological diagnosis of uveitis and to establish predictive factors associated with its advantageous use.MethodsRetrospective study on all patients with de novo uveitis who were referred to our tertiary hospital and who underwent a bMRI between 2003 and 2018. The bMRI was considered useful if it served to confirm a diagnosis or correct a misdiagnosis. We also collected characteristics of uveitis and associated ophthalmological and neurological clinical signs.ResultsBrain MRI was contributive in 19 out of 402 cases (5%): 10 multiple sclerosis, 5 radiologically isolated syndromes, and 4 oculocerebral lymphomas.A total of 34 (8%) had neurological signs and 13 (38%) of those patients had a contributive bMRI. Meanwhile, in the absence of neurological signs, 1% of bMRIs were contributive, and none of them resulted in specific treatment.Among patients with a contributive bMRI, 68% had neurological signs. Univariate analysis established that neurological signs (p<0.001), granulomatous uveitis (p=0.003), retinal vasculitis (p=0.002), and intermediate uveitis (p<0.001) were all significantly associated with a contributive bMRI. Multivariate analysis confirms the significant association of neurological signs (p<0.001) and intermediate uveitis (p=0.01).Patients with oculocerebral lymphoma were significantly older (p<0.001) and all were above 40 years of age.ConclusionBrain MRI appears to be a relevant and contributive exam, but it should be performed in cases of intermediate/posterior uveitis or panuveitis accompanied by neurological signs, retinal vasculitis, or in patients older than 40, to rule out an oculocerebral lymphoma.
Women empowerment in agriculture and food security in Savannah Accelerated Development Authority zone of Ghana
Authors: Asitik Akanganngang Joseph , Abu Benjamin Musah 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis paper assessed the causal effect of women empowerment in agriculture (WEA) on household food security in the Savannah Accelerated Development Authority (SADA) zone of Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe study used the extended probit regression with endogenous treatment to account for potential endogeneity of empowerment and food security using data from the United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) Feed the Future baseline survey.FindingsAll three indicators of women empowerment positively impact food security. In specific terms, when women participate in crop and livestock decision-making in the household, and when they have access to cultivable lands, their households have lower probabilities of being severely or moderately hungry. Also, crop decision-making exhibits the highest impact on food security.Practical implicationsWhile there may be several policy options to eradicate food insecurity challenges in Ghana, the policy measure of empowering women in agriculture needs attention. Priority should be given to empowering them in production decision-making.Social implicationsThere is the need to sensitise households on the importance of women decision-making within the household and their access to land.Originality/valueIn the context of the empowerment literature, from our search, this study is the first in applying the hunger scale as a measure of food security and represents the first attempt at examining the effect of women empowerment on food security in Ghana.
Design heuristics for customer-centric business processes
Authors: Frank Lukas , Poll Rouven , Roeglinger Maximilian , Lea Rupprecht 
Published: March 2020

PurposeCustomer centricity has evolved into a success factor for many companies, requiring all corporate activities – including business processes – to be aligned with customer needs. With most existing approaches to business process (re-)design focusing on process efficiency, customers are often treated as second-class citizens. Despite emergent research on customer process management, there is a lack of guidance on how to design customer-centric business processes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a structured literature review and analyzed companies awarded for outstanding customer centricity to compile design heuristics for customer-centric business processes. The authors iteratively validated and refined these heuristics with experts from academia and industry. Finally, the heuristics was grouped according to their expected impact on interaction capabilities to enable their prioritization in specific settings.FindingsThe authors proposed 15 expert-approved and literature-backed design heuristics for customer-centric business processes together with real-world examples. The heuristics aim at increasing customer satisfaction with interaction-intensive core processes, which is an important driver of corporate success.Originality/valueThe design heuristics complement existing efficiency-centered (re-)design heuristics. They reflect cognitive shortcuts that support process analysts in the generation of innovative ideas during process (re-)design. The heuristics also add to customer process management and help put customer centricity into practice.
Temperature suppression of metal panel in electromagnetic field
Authors: Zheng Guochao , Wang Fuli , Yan Baiping , Cheng Runting 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to suppress the temperature rise of high voltage wall bushing metal plate.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the authors built a model of a traditional metal plate and got the magnetic field intensity distribution by FEA tools. Optimized according to the magnetic field intensity distribution, the authors slot the traditional metal plate and embed permanent magnets in the slot. Finally, the authors got the temperature distribution diagrams of the above three cases at different current levels by FEA tools.

Findings
Slotted metal plate is beneficial to suppress magnetic induction intensity, but the improvement of the magnetic induction intensity uniformity is not obvious. The method of embedding a permanent magnet in a slotted metal plate can optimize the magnitude and uniformity of the magnetic induction intensity in the metal plate. The larger the current passing through the metal plate, the better the temperature suppression effect of the slotted metal plate and the slotted metal plate embedded in the permanent magnet.

Originality/value
The effect of structural factors, slotting plate and setting permanent magnets on slots on the temperature of supporting plate is studied. The paper proposes two methods, slotting metal panels and embedding permanent magnet metal panels, to solve the problems of eddy current loss and high calorific value of the panel, which is of great significance to the safety of the grid equipment.