bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les expériences des enseignants formés à l’étranger dans les écoles montréalaises : l’épreuve de l’autonomie, de la modification du rapport de places et de l’enseignement différencié
Authors: Morrissette Joëlle , Demazière Didier , Diédhiou Serigne Ben Moustapha , Sèguéda Saïdou 
Published: February 2020

En raison des politiques d’immigration au Québec et de la pénurie très importante en enseignement, les enseignants formés à l’étranger (EFE) sont de plus en plus présents dans les écoles montréalaises. Ayant été socialisés dans un autre contexte, ils doivent ajuster leur bagage d’expériences afin de pouvoir travailler de manière viable dans leur nouveau contexte de travail. Nous éloignant d’une optique déficitaire et individuelle qui caractérise certains travaux, nous avons mobilisé une sociologie interactionniste afin d’examiner comment ils reconstruisent leur bagage d’expériences dans le contexte des écoles montréalaises. Nous avons donc interrogé individuellement et collectivement 12 EFE et 4 pairs mentors en mettant l’accent sur ce que les uns considèrent comme des « chocs » et les autres comme des « faux-pas ». Nos résultats mettent en relief que la transformation de leur bagage d’expériences passe par des « épreuves », au coeur des situations de travail. Trois sont distinguées : celle de l’autonomie, celle de la modification du rapport de places et celle de l’enseignement différencié. Ces épreuves se situent sur trois plans différents : personnel, qui renvoie à la nécessité pour les EFE de miser sur leurs propres ressources pour se débrouiller ; collectif, qui renvoie au rôle joué par les interactions au travail qui jouent un rôle régulateur en regard des normes valorisées au Québec ; et institutionnel, qui renvoie à l’histoire et aux fondements du système éducatif, en particulier à l’impératif de l’enseignement différencié, incontournable dans les classes montréalaises.
Reconstruction du savoir-évaluer sous la contrainte : une analyse du bagage d’expériences non réinvesti dans les écoles montréalaises par des enseignants formés à l’étranger
Authors: Diédhiou Serigne Ben Moustapha 
Published: February 2020

Cette contribution prend appui sur les résultats d’une recherche doctorale collaborative menée auprès d’enseignants formés à l’étranger qui s’intègrent dans les écoles montréalaises. Au cours des dernières décennies, les écoles sur ce territoire ont accueilli un nombre important d’entre eux en raison de l’urgence de combler des postes d’enseignement laissés vacants par les départs à la retraite, l’attrition des enseignants en début de carrière et l’ouverture de nouvelles classes pour les besoins de scolarisation de tous les enfants, notamment ceux d’origine immigrante. La recherche sur laquelle repose cet article suggère que ces enseignants socialisés dans d’autres contextes nationaux rencontrent de nombreuses difficultés. Sur le plan de l’évaluation des apprentissages notamment, ils doivent adapter leurs façons de faire. Dans cette perspective, j’ai documenté à l’appui de la conceptualisation de la « définition de la situation » de Thomas (1923), les usages de l’évaluation que 5 enseignants formés à l’étranger ayant participé à cette recherche ont faits en s’intégrant dans les écoles montréalaises. Le présent article cible ceux qui sont contestés par leurs partenaires de travail au point où ils ne peuvent les réinvestir dans ce nouveau contexte. L’analyse de ce bagage non réinvesti expose comment ces enseignants abandonnent en particulier deux manières d’utiliser l’évaluation. La première concerne la mobilisation de l’évaluation comme un pouvoir dont la violence symbolique oblige les élèves à obéir à l’enseignant. La deuxième concerne l’application de l’évaluation dans le sens d’une justice méritocratique qui conduit à ne valoriser que les meilleurs élèves. Comme on le verra, ces processus de reconstruction du savoir-évaluer se négocient au coeur d’expériences interactives sous tensions entre les EFE et certains de leurs partenaires scolaires, révélatrices des conventions qui cadrent la pratique de l’évaluation des apprentissages dans les écoles montréalaises.
L’intention de professionnalisation dans la formation des masseurs-kinésithérapeutes
Authors: Maleyrot Éric , Pourcelot Charlotte , Perez-Roux Thérèse 
Published: February 2020

Cet article s’intéresse à l’intention de professionnalisation d’une formatrice en masso-kinésithérapie au travers d’un dispositif nommé « Groupe d’Entraînement à l’Analyse des Pratiques en Rééducation » (GEAPR). Ce dispositif innovant a été créé par la direction d’un Institut de Formation en Masso-Kinésithérapie du sud de la France suite à la réforme des études de 2015 menant au Diplôme d’État de Masseur-Kinésithérapeute. Par un entretien des concepteurs sur la genèse et la visée de ce dispositif, une observation de sa mise en oeuvre par une formatrice et une auto-confrontation de celle-ci à son activité lors du débriefing avec les étudiants, cette étude tente d’apporter quelques éléments de réponse à la question suivante : comment l’objectif de professionnalisation des étudiants Masseurs-Kinésithérapeutes se trouve-t-il mis au travail par les formateurs dans le dispositif du GEAPR ?
People in early stages of Parkinson’s disease are able to intentionally reweight the use of visual information for postural control
Authors: Cruz Caio F. , Genoves Giovanna G. , Doná Flávia , Ferraz Henrique B. , Barela José A. 
Published: February 2020

Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) leads to several changes in motor control, many of them related to informational or cognitive overload. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of knowledge and intention on the postural control performance and on the coupling between visual information and body sway in people with and without PD standing upright.

Methods
Participants were 21 people with PD (62.1 ± 7.2 years), stages 1 and 2 (Hoehn & Yahr scale), under dopaminergic medication, and 21 people in the control group (62.3 ± 7.1 years). Participants stood upright inside a moving room, performing seven trials of 60 s. In the first trial, the room remained motionless. In the others, the room oscillated at 0.2 Hz in the anterior-posterior direction: in the first block of three trials, the participants were not informed about the visual manipulation; in the second block of three trials, participants were informed about the room movement and asked to resist the visual influence. An OPTOTRAK system recorded the moving room displacement and the participants’ sway. The variables mean sway amplitude (MSA), coherence and gain were calculated.

Results
With no visual manipulation, no difference occurred between groups for MSA. Under visual manipulation conditions, people with PD presented higher MSA than control, and both groups reduced the sway magnitude in the resisting condition. Control group reduced sway magnitude by 6.1%, while PD group reduced by 11.5%. No difference was found between groups and between conditions for the coupling strength (coherence). For the coupling structure (gain), there was no group difference, but both groups showed reduced gain in the resisting condition. Control group reduced gain by 12.0%, while PD group reduced by 9.3%.

Conclusions
People with PD, under visual manipulation, were more influenced than controls, but they presented the same coupling structure between visual information and body sway as controls. People in early stages of PD are able to intentionally alter the influence of visual information.
Stretchable and Heat‐Resistant Protein‐Based Electronic Skin for Human Thermoregulation
Authors: Huang Jiani , Xu Zijie , Qiu Wu , Chen Fan , Meng Zhaohui , Hou Chen , Guo Wenxi , Liu Xiang Yang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSilk protein is one of the a promising materials for on‐skin and implantable electronic devices due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, its intrinsic brittleness as well as poor thermal stability limits its applications. In this work, robust and heat‐resistant silk fibroin composite membranes (SFCMs) are synthesized by mesoscopic doping of regenerated silk fibroin (SF) via the strong interactions between SF and polyurethane. Surprisingly, the obtained SFCMs can endure the tensile test (>200%) and thermal treatment (up to 160 °C). Attributed to these advantages, traditional micromachining techniques, such as inkjet printing, can be carried out to print flexible circuits on such protein substrate. Based on this, Ag nanofibers (NFs) and Pt NFs networks are successfully constructed on both sides of the SFCMs to function as heaters and temperature sensors, respectively. Furthermore, the integrated protein‐based electronic skin (PBES) exhibits high thermal stability and temperature sensitivity (0.205% °C−1). Heating and temperature distribution detection are realized by array‐type PBES, contributing to potential applications in dredging of the blood vessel for alleviating arthritis. This PBES is also inflammation‐free and air‐permeable so that it can directly be laminated onto human skin for long‐term thermal management.
Evolving thresholds for liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma: A Western experience
Authors: Ju Michelle R. , Yopp Adam C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Once considered an experimental treatment with dismal survival rates, liver transplantation for HCC entered a new era with the establishment of the Milan criteria over 20 years ago. In the modern post‐Milan‐criteria era, 5‐year survival outcomes are now upwards of 70% in select patients. Liver transplantation (LT) is now considered the optimal treatment for patients with moderate to severe cirrhosis and HCC, and the rates of transplantation in the United States are continuing to rise. Several expanded selection criteria have been proposed for determining which patients with HCC should be candidates for undergoing LT with similar overall and recurrence‐free survival rates to patients within the Milan criteria. There is also a growing experience with downstaging of patients who fall outside conventional LT criteria at the time of HCC diagnosis with the goal of tumor shrinkage via locoregional therapies to become a candidate for transplantation. The aim of this review article is to characterize the various patient selection criteria for LT, discuss balancing organ stewardship with outcome measures in HCC patients, present evidence on the role of downstaging for large tumors, and explore future directions of LT for HCC.
Application of liquid biopsy for surgical management of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Nagai Minako , Sho Masayuki , Akahori Takahiro , Nakagawa Kenji , Nakamura Kota 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest forms of cancer. Although drug development over the past decade has gradually improved the prognosis of PDAC, the prognosis remains extremely poor. The predominant determinant of a poor prognosis is that patients are already at the advanced stage when they are diagnosed. Therefore, it is essential to detect early‐stage PDAC to ensure a good prognosis. However, in general, being asymptomatic at the early stage makes the detection of early‐stage PDAC very difficult. Recently, much attention has been focused on the utility of a liquid biopsy as a biomarker. Theoretically, early‐stage tumors can be detected even under asymptomatic conditions. A number of studies on liquid biopsies have been reported so far. Several biomarkers, including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCS), and exosomes, are used in liquid biopsies, with the potential to be applied to the clinical setting. Each biomarker is reported to have different utilities, such as the detection of early‐stage disease, the differential diagnosis of PDAC from other types of pancreatic tumors, the prediction of the prognosis or risk of recurrence, and monitoring the treatment response. In this review, we focus on ctDNA, CTCS, and exosomes as representative liquid biopsy biomarkers and describe the specific functions of each biomarker in the treatment of PDAC. Furthermore, we discuss the application of liquid biopsies, especially for the surgical management of PDAC.
Spatial navigation ability predicts progression of dementia symptomatology
Authors: Levine Taylor F. , Allison Samantha L. , Stojanovic Marta , Fagan Anne M. , Morris John C. , Head Denise 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionSpatial navigation deficits are observed in Alzheimer's disease cross‐sectionally, but prediction of longitudinal clinical decline has been less examined.MethodsCognitive mapping (CM) was assessed in 95 participants and route learning (RL) was assessed in 65 participants at baseline. Clinical progression over an average of 4 to 5 years was assessed using the clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale. Relative predictive ability was compared to episodic memory, hippocampus, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (phosphorylated tau/amyloid β 42 (ptau181/Aβ42) ratio).ResultsCM and RL were predictors of clinical progression (P’s < 0.032). All measures, except RL‐Learning remained predictors with episodic memory in models (P’s < 0.048). Only RL‐Retrieval remained a predictor when ptau181/Aβ42 was included (P < 0.001). CM interacted with hippocampus and ptau181/Aβ42 in prediction (P’s < 0.013). CM, RL, and episodic memory evidenced strong diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.894, 0.794, and 0.735, respectively); CM tended to perform better than episodic memory (P = 0.056).DiscussionBaseline spatial navigation performance may be appropriate for assessing risk of clinical progression.
Tighter Bound of Entropic Uncertainty under the Unruh Effect
Authors: He Juan , Ding Zhi Yong , Shi Jia Dong , Liu Cheng Cheng , Wu Tao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe uncertainty principle limits the ability to simultaneously predict measurement outcomes for two non‐commuting observables of a quantum particle. However, the uncertainty can be violated by considering a particle as a quantum memory correlated with the primary particle. By modeling an Unruh–Dewitt detector coupled to a massless scalar field, it is explored how the Unruh effect affects the entropic uncertainty and the tighter lower bound for a pair of entangled detectors is probed when one of them is accelerated. It is found that Unruh thermal noise really gives rise to an increase of entropic uncertainty for the given conditions since the correlation between quantum memory and the measured system is decreased. It is shown that the bound of the entropic uncertainty relations, in the presence of memory, can be formulated by introducing the Holevo quantity and mutual information. It is also noticed that Adabi's lower bound is tighter than that of Berta, and just the optimal bound under the Unruh effect. Moreover, it is shown that Berta's lower bound is unrelated to the choice of complementary observables, while the optimal Adabi's lower bound is dependent on the measurement choice. It is worth mentioning that the investigations may offer a better understanding of the entropic uncertainty in a relativistic motion.
Programming the Nucleation of DNA Brick Self‐Assembly with a Seeding Strand
Authors: Zhang Yingwei , Reinhardt Aleks , Wang Pengfei , Song Jie , Ke Yonggang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecently, the DNA brick strategy has provided a highly modular and scalable approach for the construction of complex structures, which can be used as nanoscale pegboards for the precise organization of molecules and nanoparticles for many applications. Despite the dramatic increase of structural complexity provided by the DNA brick method, the assembly pathways are still poorly understood. Herein, we introduce a “seed” strand to control the crucial nucleation and assembly pathway in DNA brick assembly. Through experimental studies and computer simulations, we successfully demonstrate that the regulation of the assembly pathways through seeded growth can accelerate the assembly kinetics and increase the optimal temperature by circa 4–7 °C for isothermal assembly. By improving our understanding of the assembly pathways, we provide new guidelines for the design of programmable pathways to improve the self‐assembly of DNA nanostructures.
Chasing Synthetic Life: A Tale of Forms, Chemical Fossils, and Biomorphs
Authors: Cintas Pedro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis Essay focuses briefly on early studies elaborated by natural and chemical philosophers, and the once‐called synthetic biologists, who postulated the transition from inanimate to animate matter and even foresaw the possibility of creating artificial life on the basis of physical and chemical principles only. Such ideas and speculations, ranging from soundness to weirdness, paved however the way to current developments in areas like abiotic pattern formation, cell compartmentalization, biomineralization, or the origin of life itself. In particular, the generation of biomorphs and their relationship to microfossils represents an active research domain and seems to be the logical way to bring the historical work up to the future, as some scientists are trying to make artificial cells. The last sections of this essay will also highlight modern science aimed at understanding what life is and, whether or not, it can be redefined in chemical terms.
Charge‐Tagged DNA Radicals in the Gas Phase Characterized by UV/Vis Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Yue , Dang Andy , Urban Jan , Tureček František 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdenosine radicals tagged with a fixed‐charge group were generated in the gas phase and structurally characterized by tandem mass spectrometry, deuterium labeling, and UV/Vis action spectroscopy. Experimental results in combination with Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics, ab initio, and excited‐state calculations led to unambiguous assignment of adenosine radicals as N‐7 hydrogen atom adducts. The charge‐tagged radicals were found to be electronically equivalent to natural DNA nucleoside radicals.
Bidentate Chiral Bis(imidazolium)‐Based Halogen‐Bond Donors: Synthesis and Applications in Enantioselective Recognition and Catalysis
Authors: Sutar Revannath L. , Engelage Elric , Stoll Raphael , Huber Stefan M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEven though halogen bonding—the noncovalent interaction between electrophilic halogen substituents and Lewis bases—has now been established in molecular recognition and catalysis, its use in enantioselective processes is still very rarely explored. Herein, we present the synthesis of chiral bidentate halogen‐bond donors based on two iodoimidazolium units with rigidly attached chiral sidearms. With these Lewis acids, chiral recognition of a racemic diamine is achieved in NMR studies. DFT calculations support a 1:1 interaction of the halogen‐bond donor with both enantiomers and indicate that the chiral recognition is based on a different spatial orientation of the Lewis bases in the halogen‐bonded complexes. In addition, moderate enantioselectivity is achieved in a Mukaiyama aldol reaction with a preorganized variant of the chiral halogen‐bond donor. This represents the first case in which asymmetric induction was realized with a pure halogen‐bond donor lacking any additional active functional groups.
Synthesis of Carbazoles and Related Heterocycles from Sulfilimines by Intramolecular C−H Aminations
Authors: Tian Xianhai , Song Lina , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhile direct nitrene insertions into C−H bonds have become an important tool for building C−N bonds in modern organic chemistry, the generation of nitrene intermediates always requires transition metals, high temperatures, ultraviolet or laser light. We report a mild synthesis of carbazoles and related building blocks through a visible light‐induced intramolecular C−H amination reaction. A striking advantage of this new method is the use of more reactive aryl sulfilimines instead of the corresponding hazardous azides. Different catalysts and divergent light sources were tested. The reaction scope is broad and the product yield is generally high. An efficient gram‐scale synthesis of Clausine C demonstrates the applicability and scalability of this new method.
In situ Synthesis of Biomimetic Silica Nanofibrous Aerogels with Temperature‐Invariant Superelasticity over One Million Compressions
Authors: Wang Fei , Dou Lvye , Dai Jianwu , Li Yuyao , Huang Liqian , Si Yang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResilient and compressible three‐dimensional nanomaterials comprising polymers, carbon, and metals have been prepared in diverse forms. However, the creation of thermostable elastic ceramic aerogels remains an enormous challenge. We demonstrate an in situ synthesis strategy to develop biomimetic silica nanofibrous (SNF) aerogels with superelasticity by integrating flexible electrospun silica nanofibers and rubber‐like Si−O−Si bonding networks. The stable bonding structure among nanofibers is in situ constructed along with a fibrous freeze‐shaping process. The resultant SNF aerogels exhibit integrated properties of ultralow density (>0.25 mg cm−3), temperature‐invariant superelasticity up to 1100 °C, and robust fatigue resistance over one million compressions. The ceramic nature also endows the aerogels with fire resistance and ultralow thermal conductivity. The successful synthesis of the SNF aerogels opens new pathways for the design of superelastic ceramic aerogels in a structurally adaptive and scalable form.
Polyamidoamines based on castor oil‐styrene co‐oligomer/triethylenetetramine as curing agents in high‐performance epoxy coatings
Authors: Mirmohseni Abdolreza , Pourtaghi‐Zahed Hamid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolyamidoamines (PAMAMs) based on castor oil‐styrene co‐oligomer and triethylenetetramine (TETA) or benzylated TETA were synthesized and diluted with an amide‐like diluent (EFA). The intermediates and products structures were characterized using FT‐IR, 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography, and scanning electron microscopy. The diluted PAMAMs types were used as the curing agents of the epoxy resin to produce the modified coatings. The mechanical, chemical, and visual properties of the epoxy coatings obtained by commercial hardeners compared to the modified coatings. The modified coatings were transparent, and had humidity resistance higher than the commercial coatings, at 15°C and 80% relative humidity. The modified coatings were obtained with the lowest surface defects and improved mechanical properties such as Izod impact resistance, tensile strength, and the pull‐off adhesion (3.3–4.8 kJ m−2, 42.2–54.5 MPa and 3.0–3.5 MPa) relative to the commercial coatings (1.1–3.0 kJ m−2, 28.7–39.9 MPa and 1.4–2.1 MPa), respectively. Moreover, in spite of the commercial coatings, the modified coatings were cost‐effective and showed the behaviors of appropriate self‐healing and chemical resistance.