bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Biology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Lake Naivasha, Kenya
Authors: Waithaka Edna , Yongo Edwine , Outa Nicholas , Mutethya Eunice 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was introduced into Lake Naivasha to provide exploitable fisheries, being one of the commercially important fish providing livelihoods to communities around the lake. Its stocks in the lake have been declining, however, because of intense fishing, ecological changes and effects of other exotic species. The present study was undertaken to investigate the population and biological parameters of Oreochromis niloticus. Fish samples (1,021) were caught monthly from January to December 2017, collecting a total of 1,021 O. niloticus, with an overall sex ratio of 2.21:1.0 (male: female). The length of the fish ranged from 9.0 to 40.0 cmTL and weighed between 20 and 1,220 g. The mean length and weight for all fish was 22.6 cm and 272.6 g. The slope b of length–weight relationship was 2.86 for all fish, indicating negative allometry. The mean condition factors were 0.99, 1.04 and 1.01 for male, female and all fish, respectively. The length at first maturity (Lm50) was estimated to be 28.0 cmTL for all sexes, indicating the fish matures at smaller sizes. The length at first capture (Lc50) was calculated to be 19.38 cm, a value much lower than its Lm50, reflecting the capture of juvenile fish. The asymptotic length (L∞) was 42 cm, the growth coefficient (K) was 0.21/year, and the growth performance index (Ф) was 2.57. The natural (M), fishing (F) and total mortality (Z) coefficients were estimated to be 0.55, 0.26 and 0.80/year, respectively. The optimum sustainable yield (E0.5), maximum sustainable yield (Emax) and maximum economic yield (E0.1) indices of 0.23, 0.35 and 0.26, respectively, imply an optimal exploitation of O. niloticus. The results of the present study provided some important insights into the biology and management needs of the O. niloticus fishery in Lake Naivasha, as well as revealing a gap for further research on its reproductive biology.
Coping with Pleistocene climatic fluctuations: Demographic responses in remote endemic reef fishes
Authors: Delrieu‐Trottin Erwan , Hubert Nicolas , Giles Emily C. , Chifflet‐Belle Pascaline , Suwalski Arnaud , Neglia Valentina , Rapu‐Edmunds Cristian , Mona Stefano , Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractElucidating demographic history during the settlement of ecological communities is crucial for properly inferring the mechanisms that shape patterns of species diversity and their persistence through time. Here, we used genomic data and coalescent‐based approaches to elucidate for the first time the demographic dynamics associated with the settlement by endemic reef fish fauna of one of the most remote peripheral islands of the Pacific Ocean, Rapa Nui (Easter Island). We compared the demographic history of nine endemic species in order to explore their demographic responses to Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. We found that species endemic to Rapa Nui share a common demographic history, as signatures of population expansions were retrieved for almost all of the species studied here, and synchronous demographic expansions initiated during the last glacial period were recovered for more than half of the studied species. These results suggest that eustatic fluctuations associated with Milankovitch cycles have played a central role in species demographic histories and in the final stage of the community assembly of many Rapa Nui reef fishes. Specifically, sea level lowstands resulted in the maximum reef habitat extension for Rapa Nui endemic species; we discuss the potential role of seamounts in allowing endemic species to cope with Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, and we highlight the importance of local historical processes over regional ones. Overall, our results shed light on the mechanisms by which endemism arises and is maintained in peripheral reef fish fauna.
CURATORIAL NETWORKS AND MUSEUM CULTURE: Objects and Evidence in Museums of African Art
Authors: Jules‐Rosette Bennetta 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe valuation and display of African art in museum contexts entails contrasting strategies of objectification. In this process, objects may be used as material evidence for larger cultural trends and new movements. This essay examines the role of curatorial networks in creating discourses about African art objects that reframe their cultural significance and economic value. These curatorial networks are treated as a habitus for the art and a discursive framework for its valuation. This analysis builds upon a taxonomic nodal model, which may be used to identify the reconfiguration of museum discourses, curatorial knowledge, and markets for artistic circulation. Two case studies, examining the paintings of Congolese artist Tshibumba Kanda Matulu (1947–circa 1981) from the 1970s and the collection of legendary Malian photographer Seydou Keïta (1921–2001) from the 1960s and the 1970s, demonstrate how curatorial networks reframe the circulation and evidential status of African art over time. The article concludes with an assessment of repatriation claims with relationship to a framework for analyzing the evidential claims of museums.
SANKOFATIZATION AND DECOLONIZATION: The Rapprochement of German Museums and Government with Colonial Objects and Postcolonialism
Authors: Apoh Wazi 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper examines how node three national museums in Germany are dealing with colonial objects in their spaces. It also explores the German government’s recent rapprochement with scholars in its ex‐colonies on how to deal with its colonial past within a discourse of evidence and sankofatization. Sankofatization is defined as a Ghanaian‐Akan ideology that signifies the selection of past ideas for retention within a type of renaissance paradigm. In December 2015, the German Federal Foreign Office invited delegates from Togo, Ghana, Namibia, Tanzania, and Cameroon to take part in a unique program dubbed “A Themed Tour of German Colonial History.” Reporting on this tour, the paper assesses the activism of German civic organizations and museums in their ongoing attempts to decolonize colonial cityscapes, street names, and exhibits. But this discussion is much more than an ethnographic report. The implications of this rapprochement policy for discourses on the archaeology of German colonialism and the anthropology of colonial museums denote significant changes in transnational cooperation. Overall, the themed tour recalled that silencing of negative past experiences and past misdeeds is never permanent. Generational change often influences a renaissance, or sankofatization, of past realities to serve emerging postcolonial needs.
Preferential attraction of different colours of light emitting diodes for Culicoides species in West Bengal, India
Authors: Mazumdar S. M. , Mazumdar A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe preferential attraction of adult Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to specific wavelengths was studied in West Bengal, India. A total of 280 collections were made with suction light traps fitted with various colours of light emitting diodes (LEDs) placed at cattle sheds during June, August and November in 2017. In addition, the numbers that have been collected in the evening and morning were compared. Locally manufactured suction light traps fitted with ultra violet (UV), blue, green, yellow, pink, red and white LEDs were compared. UV light attracted the highest number of midges followed by blue and then green LED. Culicoides peregrinus Kieffer and Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer were the most abundant followed by Culicoides fulvus Sen and Das Gupta, Culicoides innoxius Sen and Das Gupta, Culicoides anophelis Edwards and Culicoides huffi Causey. The species composition remained similar across the wavelengths. Although significant variations in midge population have been observed across the months, no significant difference in dusk and dawn abundance was noticed. The females showed a mixed population with less parous individuals.
The impact of preoperative glycated hemoglobin levels on outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tay Ze Yun , Kao Huang‐Kai , Lien Kuang‐Hsu , Hung Shao‐Yu , Huang Yenlin , Tsang Ngan‐Ming , Chang Kai‐Ping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and the treatment outcomes of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsThree hundred and fifty‐eight OSCC patients were consecutively enrolled between July 2004 and July 2016. Clinicopathological parameters and survival outcomes were analyzed following HbA1c stratification of 6.5% (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%: n = 74, 20.6%) and 7.0% (HbA1c ≥ 7.0%: n = 53, 14.8%).ResultsHigher HbA1c levels were associated with elevated body mass index, lower albumin levels, wider surgical margins, and prolonged hospital stays (HbA1c 6.5%: p = .001, .048, .030, .009, respectively; HbA1c 7.0%: p = .092, .032, .009, .015, respectively). Survival rates stratified by HbA1c 6.5% were as follows: locoregional recurrence‐free survival, p = .014; distant metastasis‐free survival, p = .013; second primary cancer‐free survival, p = .015; overall survival, p = .014; disease‐specific survival, p = .002 and HbA1c 7.0%: locoregional recurrence‐free survival, p = .013; distant metastasis‐free survival, p = .013; second primary cancer‐free survival, p = .014; overall survival, p = .015; disease‐specific survival, p = .004. Multivariate analyses identified HbA1c as an independent prognostic factor for overall and disease‐specific survival (HbA1c 6.5%: p = .014 and .002, respectively; HbA1c 7.0%: p = .036 and .013, respectively).ConclusionsOral squamous cell carcinoma patients with higher preoperative HbA1c levels had longer hospitalization and worse survival outcomes.
No Learning Curve of the Direct Superior Approach in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Duijnisveld Bouke J , van den Hout Joost A A M , Wagenmakers Robert , Koenraadt Koen L M , Bolder Stefan B T 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the learning curve of the direct superior approach (DSA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and to compare surgical, clinical, and radiological results with a matched control group using the mini posterior approach (MPA).MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed from October 2016 to May 2017 including our first 52 patients undergoing THA using the DSA. Patients with primary osteoarthritis or osteonecrosis and a body mass index (BMI) < 35 who were eligible for surgery were included. As a control group, 52 patients who underwent the MPA were included, matched based on age, BMI, and ASA classification. In the DSA group, damage to the iliotibial tract and the distal external rotators, including the external obturator and quadriceps femoris muscles, was avoided. Outcome measures were collected, including surgical time, blood loss, postoperative pain, length of stay, implant position, use of walking aids, patient reported outcome measures (PROM), and complications. Unpaired t‐tests were used to analyze differences between the DSA and the MPA group in surgical time, blood loss, length of stay, and acetabular and femoral component position. χ2‐tests were used to analyze mobility and the number of complications. Two‐way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze pain scores and PROM between the DSA and the MPA groups.ResultsThe mean surgical time of 61 min (SD 8) in the DSA group was longer (P < 0.001) compared to that in the MPA group, 46 min (SD 12). No differences were found in blood loss, postoperative pain, or mean length of stay in the hospital. After 6 weeks, 94% of the patients in the DSA group were able to walk inside their home without walking aids compared to 90% in the MPA group. The mobility scores were not different after follow up of 6 weeks and 1 year (P = 0.12 and P = 0.36 respectively). All PROM improved postoperatively in both the DSA and the MPA group (P < 0.01). Acetabular cup and femoral stem position were not compromised by the DSA. Complications included two Vancouver B2 periprosthetic fractures in the DSA group, of which there was one surgical‐related fracture and one fracture after a traffic accident. Complications in the MPA group included one periprosthetic fracture, two hip dislocations, and one ischial neuropathy. No infections or thromboembolic events were observed. The 1‐year complication rate was not different between the MPA and DSA groups (P = 0.40).ConclusionThe DSA can be safely introduced as no learning curve in the prosthesis position or the complication rate was found.
Trait inheritance in pepper (Capsicum spp.) cultivars identified as resistant to green peach aphid (Myzus persicae)
Authors: Chen Qing , Liang Xiao , Wu Chunling 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe green peach aphid, here abbreviated as green peach aphid (GPA), is a significant global pest of pepper. Conventional insecticide use risks the development of resistance and harms beneficial insects, whereas the deployment of resistant pepper cultivars offers an effective, economical and eco‐friendly management strategy. However, no GPA resistance gene has yet been identified in pepper. In this study, greenhouse and field screening for resistance to GPA in 24 pepper cultivars identified 'ZDC' as highly resistant and 'DYJJ' as highly susceptible. Subsequent inheritance analysis using these cultivars as parents showed that the segregation ratio of resistant and susceptible offspring was 1:1 for F1 plants and 3:1 for F2 plants. This indicated that pepper resistance to GPA was controlled by a single dominant gene. The highly resistant cultivar 'ZDC' may enable incorporation of resistance in future breeding programmes following further investigations to establish a fuller understanding of the genetics of GPA resistance in this species.
Melanoma arising in a patient with ataxia‐telangiectasia: A call for full skin examinations in this patient population
Authors: Oska Sandra , Zarbo Allison , Yeager Danielle , Friedman Ben J. , Shwayder Tor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAtaxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T) is an autosomal recessive, multisystem disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia and oculocutaneous telangiectasias that present in early childhood. Increased incidence of malignancy is also associated with A‐T. Hematopoietic malignancies occur most commonly, with a majority being lymphoid cancers; however, there is a risk for other malignancies, such as breast, gastric, and other solid tumors. Herein, we report the case of a 28‐year‐old woman with A‐T with melanoma.
Mediastinal and hilar soft tissue mass‐like lesions in congenital unilateral pulmonary vein atresia: A retrospective review of seven pediatric patients
Authors: Okamoto Reiko , Miyazaki Osamu , Aoki Hidekazu , Tsutsumi Yoshiyuki , Miyasaka Mikiko , Hoshiai Minako , Nosaka Shunsuke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCongenital unilateral pulmonary vein atresia (CUPVA) is known to lead to the formation of an abnormal confluent mediastinal and hilar soft tissue mass, thoracic hypoplasia, and interlobular septal thickening on the affected side. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the frequency and severity of mediastinal soft tissue mass‐like lesions and examine other abnormal findings associated with CUPVA.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed seven children with CUPVA who underwent contrast‐enhanced CT scans and measured the soft tissue mass volume in the bilateral mediastinum (affected and normal side). The location of abnormal soft tissue was divided into three anatomical sections (paratracheal, peribronchial, and the dorsal aspect of the left atrium). The relationships among soft tissue volume and anatomical section were statistically evaluated. Also, the presence of thoracic hypoplasia, small ipsilateral pulmonary arteries, interlobular septal thickening, and ground‐glass opacities were investigated.ResultsIn all cases, CT scans confirmed the presence of confluent soft tissue mass‐like lesions in the affected mediastinum. The soft tissue volume on the affected side was 5.5‐fold greater than the volume on the normal side (average: 18.0 cm3 and 4.25 cm3 respectively, P < 0.01). Thoracic hypoplasia and interlobular septal thickening were found in all patients. Small pulmonary arteries and ground‐glass opacities were present in six of the seven patients.ConclusionAbnormal mediastinal and hilar soft tissue is commonly found in patients with CUPVA. So, if we encounter the mediastinal soft tissue mass in patients with CUPVA, no further test will be indicated.
Induction regimens and post‐transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder after pediatric intestinal transplantation: Single‐center experience
Authors: Devine Kaitlin , Ranganathan Sarangarajan , Mazariegos George , Bond Geoffrey , Soltys Kyle , Ganoza Armando , Sun Qing , Sindhi Rakesh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPediatric recipients of intestinal transplants have a high incidence of PTLD, but the impact of specific induction immunosuppression agents is unclear. In this single‐center retrospective review from 2000 to 2017, we describe the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of PTLD after primary intestinal transplantation in 173 children with or without liver, after induction with rATG, alemtuzumab, or anti‐IL‐2R agents. Thirty cases of PTLD occurred among 28 children, 28 EBV+ and 2 EBV−. Although not statistically significant, the PTLD incidence was higher after isolated intestinal transplant compared with liver‐inclusive allograft (19.3% vs 13.3%, P = .393) and after induction with anti‐IL‐2R antibody and alemtuzumab compared with rATG (28.6% and 27.3% vs 13.3%, P = .076). The 30 PTLD cases included 13 monomorphic PTLD, 13 polymorphic PTLD, one spindle cell, one Burkitt lymphoma, and two cases too necrotic to classify. After reduction of immunosuppression, management was based on disease histology and extent. Resection with or without rituximab was used for polymorphic tumors and limited disease extent, whereas chemotherapy was used for diffuse disease. Of the 28 patients, 11 recovered with functioning allografts (39.3%), 10 recovered after enterectomy (35.7%), and seven patients died (25%), three due to PTLD and four due to other causes. All who died of progressive PTLD had received chemotherapy, highlighting the mortality of PTLD, toxicity of treatment and need for novel agents. Alemtuzumab is no longer used for induction at our center.
Conversion from tacrolimus to sirolimus as a treatment modality in de novo allergies and immune‐mediated disorders in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Kehar Mohit , Grunebaum Eyal , Jimenez‐Rivera Carolina , Mozer‐Glassberg Yael , Jamal Alisha , Ng Vicky Lee , Avitzur Yaron 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDe novo PTAID may develop in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients, have a diverse spectrum, and are occasionally treatment resistant. Previous reports showed resolution of immune cytopenias in solid organ transplant recipients following replacement of the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus with the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus. Herein we describe a retrospective review (2000‐2017) of subjects who developed PTAID in whom immunosuppression was changed to sirolimus. Eight recipients (6 males) of either liver (n = 7) or multivisceral transplant (n = 1) suffered from severe, treatment‐resistant PTAID and were switched from tacrolimus to sirolimus. The median age at transplant was 1 year (range 0.5‐2.4 years). Six (75%) recipients developed de novo allergy and 2 immune‐mediated diseases. The median age at presentation of PTAID was 2.7 (1.4‐9) years at a median of 1.3 (0.25‐8) years after transplantation. The median time from PTAID presentation to conversion to sirolimus was 1.8 (0.45‐10) years. Complete resolution of symptoms was seen in 4 (50%) patients after a median of 12 (range 4‐24) months including 2 patients with immune‐mediated disease, 1 eczema, and 1 with eosinophilic colitis. One patient with multiple food allergies had a partial response and 3 (38%) had no response. None of the 8 recipients developed sirolimus‐attributed adverse events or acute rejection during a median follow‐up of 5 (0.6‐8) years after the conversion. Immunosuppression conversion from tacrolimus to sirolimus can be an effective therapy in patients suffering severe or treatment‐resistant PTAID, suggesting a potential role for tacrolimus in the pathogenesis of PTAID.
Treprostinil improves hemodynamics and symptoms in children with mild pulmonary hypertension awaiting heart transplantation
Authors: Hollander Seth A. , Ogawa Michelle T. , Hopper Rachel K. , Liu Esther , Chen Sharon , Rosenthal David N. , Feinstein Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreprostinil, a prostacyclin analog, is a safe and effective therapy for children with PAH; however, the use of this agent in children with mild PVR elevations related to HF, including those with SV congenital heart disease awaiting HT, is understudied. We describe the hemodynamic and symptomatic changes in pediatric patients awaiting HT treated with treprostinil.MethodsSingle‐center retrospective review of all patients was listed for HT who received treprostinil during the listing period. Changes in hemodynamic and functional indices between the baseline catheterization (prior to drug initiation), and prior to HT, and patient outcomes were analyzed.ResultsAmong 16/17 (94%) who survived to HT, 8 (50%) were female, and 10 (63%) had SV physiology. The median age at drug initiation was 9 (IQR: 1, 14) years. The median duration of therapy prior to HT was 253 (IQR: 148, 504) days. Treprostinil significantly decreased PVR (3.8 vs 3.1 WU, P = .03), while mLA or mPCW pressure did not change (11 vs 13 mm Hg, P = .9). HF symptoms improved in 9/15 (60%) patients without VAD support prior to drug initiation, including 4/10 (40%) who did not receive a VAD any point while awaiting HT.ConclusionsTreprostinil may be used safely in patients with mild PAH awaiting HT, including those with SV disease. PVR falls without substantial increases in mLA/mPCW pressure. HF symptoms improve in some patients.
Truth and Reconciliation as a Model for Change in Response to #MeToo
Authors: Colvin Roddrick A. , Blount‐Hill Kwan‐Lamar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe U.S. criminal justice system is designed to handle extreme cases of sexual misconduct, but the system has not adapted well to less extreme (but no less important) sexually inappropriate behaviors. As our understanding of sexual misconduct and impropriety evolves, the need for a new system of accountability seems apparent. The authors call for a new approach to providing justice for survivors/victims: the adoption of a truth and reconciliation model. This model involves providing a public forum for survivors/victims to testify to the events of their victimization and for offenders to admit previous wrongdoing, take responsibility, and ask forgiveness. While it is not appropriate for handling illegal behaviors, a truth and reconciliation model would be ideal for incidents that are not illegal but violate our evolving social norms.
Collective Bargaining during Times of Crisis: Recommendations from the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Fay Daniel L. , Ghadimi Adela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic dramatically changed employment across sectors in 2020. This Viewpoint essay examines public sector labor relations during the pandemic and describes the impact bargaining process that is used to protect public employees. The authors draw on their own experience with impact bargaining negotiations and the public labor relations, conflict management, and civil service reform literatures to develop recommendations for public union labor leaders during times of crisis. They suggest that public unions have an important role in crisis management but must act strategically to develop good working relationships with leadership and successfully negotiate employee protections in uncertain times.