bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of RSV Infection on the Respiratory Microbiome of Adults
Authors: Cuthbertson Leah , James Phillip , Habibi Maximillian , Thwaites Ryan , Paras Allan , Chiu Christopher , Openshaw Peter , Cookson William , Moffatt Miriam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants. It is being increasingly recognised as a cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Microbial dysbiosis in the respiratory tract has been hypothesized to predispose individuals to severe RSV infection. This study explores changes in the bacterial community over the course of a controlled human challenge study.
From 37 healthy adult patients exposed to a challenge inoculum of RSV, throat swabs were collected daily for 10 days during quarantine and on days 14 and 28 post quarantine. Swabs were processed for bacterial and viral quantification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
Over the course of the study three clinical outcomes were observed; clinical cold (n = 17), asymptomatic infection (n = 6) or no infection (n = 14). These three outcome groups had no significant differences in the bacterial load, diversity or community composition at baseline. Over the twenty-eight days following RSV inoculation no significant changes in the bacterial community were observed between the outcome groups.
This study of healthy adults revealed no major changes in the bacterial community of the respiratory tracts following RSV inoculation, suggesting that this microbial community is resilient to viral perturbations.
Differential Effect of Anesthetics on Mucociliary Clearance in Vivo in Mice
Authors: Feldman Kyle , Kim Eunwon , Czachowski Michael , Wu Yijen , Lo Cecilia , Zahid Maliha 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Respiratory mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a key defense mechanism that functions to entrap and transport inhaled pollutants, particulates, and pathogens away from the lungs. Previous work has identified a number of anesthetics to have cilia depressive effects in vitro.
Methods
Wild-type C57BL/6J mice received intra-tracheal 99mTc-Sulfur colloid, and were imaged using a dual-modality SPECT/CT system at 0 and 6 hours to measure baseline MCC (n = 8). Mice were challenged for one hour with 1.5% isoflurane, ketamine (100 mg/kg)/xylazine (20 mg/kg), ketamine (0.5 mg/kg)/dexmedetomidine (50 mg/kg), fentanyl (0.2 mg/kg)/1.5% isoflurane, propofol (120 mg/Kg), or fentanyl/midazolam/dexmedetomidine (0.025 mg/kg/2.5 mg/kg/0.25 mg/kg ) prior to MCC assessment.
Results
The baseline MCC ranged from 5.2 to 7.2%, and was significantly reduced to 3.7% (p = 0.04) and 3.0% (p = 0.01) by ketamine/xylazine and ketamine/dexmedetomidine challenge respectively. Importantly, combinations of drugs containing fentanyl, and propofol in isolation did not significantly depress MCC. The CBF, cilia length, percent ciliation, and flow velocity did not correlate with the post-study baseline measurements.
Conclusions
Our results indicate that anesthetics containing ketamine (ketamine/xylazine and ketamine/dexmedetomidine) significantly depress MCC, while combinations containing fentanyl (fentanyl/isoflurane, fentanyl/midazolam/dexmedetomidine) and propofol alone did not. Our method for assessing MCC is reproducible and has utility for studying the effects of other drug combinations.
Comparison of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Metrics in Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma and Normal-Tension Glaucoma
Authors: Shen Ruyue , Wang Yu , Cheung Carol , Tham Clement , Chan Poemen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the peripapillary vascular metrics in early normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and early primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).Methods: One or both eyes of each subjects were imaged for a 3x3mm peripapillary region by swept-source OCT-A (DRI-OCT Triton, Topcon, Japan) and assessed by an automated MATLAB program. OCT-A metrics including circumpapillary vessel density (cpVD) and fractal dimension (cpFD) were compared. Their association with visual field (VF) parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were determined.Results: Sixty-eight eyes of 51 PACG, 68 eyes of 48 NTG, and 68 eyes of 49 control subjects were cross-sectionally analyzed. NTG eyes had significantly lower global cpVD (52.369±0.781%) compared with PACG eyes (55.389±0.721%, P=0.004) that had comparable disease severity and average RNFL thickness. Multivariable analysis reviewed that, for PACG and NTG eyes, decreased cpVD ([PACG] β=-4.242; CI:-8.120, -0.363 vs [NTG] β=-5.531; CI:-9.472, -1.590) and cpFD ([PACG] β=-8.894;CI:-11.925, -5.864 vs [NTG] β=-12.064; CI:-17.095, -6.932) were associated with decreased RNFL thickness (all P≤0.032); with a stronger association between decrease cpFD and decreased RNFL thickness in NTG eyes (Fisher’s Z-test, P=0.045). Decreased cpVD was associated with decrease mean deviation (MD) in NTG eyes (β=-0.707; CI:-1.090, -0.324; P≤0.001) and not associated with the visual field parameters in PACG eyes. Conclusions: Early NTG had lower global cpVD compared with early PACG, despite similar disease severity and average RNFL thickness. Précis:Optical coherence tomography angiography observed a lower peripapillary microvascular perfusion in early NTG eyes compared with early PACG eyes, despite similar disease severity and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.
Increased FIO2 Influences SvO2 Interpretation and Accuracy of Fick-based Cardiac Output Assessment in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Lin Sheng-Yi , Chang Feng-Cheng , Lin Jr-Rung , Chou An-Hsun , Tsai Yung-Fong , Liao Chia-Chih , Lin Yen-Chu , Chen Chun-Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The study aimed to reveal how the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) affected the value of mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) and the accuracy of Fick-equation-based cardiac output (Fick-CO). Methods: Forty-two adult patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: FIO2 <0.7 or >0.85. Under stable general anesthesia, thermodilution-derived cardiac output (TD-CO), SvO2, PvO2, hemoglobin, SaO2, PaO2, and blood pH levels were recorded before surgical incision. Results: Significant differences in FIO2 values were observed between the two groups (0.56 ±0.08 in the <70% group and 0.92 ±0.03 in the >0.85 group; p <0.0001). The increasing FIO2 values lead to increases in SvO2, PvO2, and PaO2, with little effects on cardiac output and hemoglobin levels. When comparing to TD-CO, the calculated Fick-CO in both groups had moderate Pearson correlations and similar linear regression results. Although the FIO2 <0.7 group presented a less mean bias and a smaller limits of agreement, neither group met the percentage error criteria of <30% in Bland-Altman analysis.Conclusions: Increased FIO2 may influence the interpretation of SvO2 and the exacerbation of Fick-CO estimation, which could affect clinical management. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID number: NCT04265924. Retrospectively registered (Date of registration: February 12, 2020).
Role and Preparedness of Physiotherapists in Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Using Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women as an Example&nbsp;
Authors: Witkoś Joanna , Hartman-Petrycka Magdalena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Ageing human population will generate a significant number of patients with chronic diseases, and this will lead to a significant increase in demand for health services and to a deteriorated economic situation in many countries. Stress urinary incontinence is the chronic diseases and one of the most important global health problems. Representatives of medical professions provide their patients with knowledge about the appropriate prevention and treatment of diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate knowledge among graduates of physiotherapy about stress urinary incontinence in women. Methods: The study included 401 participants, students in their final year of physiotherapy. Respondents provided answers to open questions about their knowledge about stress incontinence in women.Results: The complete definition of stress urinary incontinence in women was given by 64.4% of physiotherapy students at the Medical University and 56.3% of physiotherapy students at the Physical Education University. The students of the Medical University, in comparison with the students of the Physical Education University, were more aware of risk factors (86.4% vs 69.4%), prevention methods (85.6% vs 68.7%), and conservative (92.4% vs 77.8%) and surgical treatment (28.0% vs 6.7%) of stress urinary incontinence in women (p<0.001). Conclusions: For the future students to better fulfil their role in providing care to female patients with SUI, a greater emphasis should be put on their education in that area. Research has shown that the disciplinary focus of universities educating students of physiotherapy plays a significant role in gaining knowledge about SUI.
Discharge Transition Experienced by Korean Older Adults After Hip Fracture Surgery: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ko YoungJi , Lee JuHee , Baek Seung-Hoon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to explore Korean older adults’ experience with discharge transition after hip fracture surgery. Methods: This was a descriptive qualitative study. Face-to-face interviews following hip fracture surgery were conducted with 12 participants. Data were collected one to two days before discharge and again four weeks after discharge following hip fracture surgery, and were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results: Four main themes were identified: (1) Challenge of discharge transition: unprepared discharge, transfer into other care settings, and eagerness for recovery; (2) Physical and psychological distress against recovery: frail physical state and psychological difficulties; (3) Dependent compliance: absolute trust in healthcare providers, indispensable support from the family, and passive participation in care; and (4) Walking for things they took for granted: hope of walking and poor walking ability.Conclusions: After the hip fracture surgery, older adults hoped to be able to walk to perform the simple daily chores they earlier took for granted. Considering the physical and psychological frailty of older adults, systematic nursing interventions, including collaboration and coordination with other healthcare professional and settings, are necessary during discharge transition after hip fracture surgery. Invitation for care participation by older adults as well as family involvement should be considered at discharge transitional care in South Korea.
The Reasons Why Patients Abscond From Public Hospitals in Southeastern Iran: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Moradpour Mahnaz , Amiresmaili Mohammadreza , Moghadam Mahmood Nekoi , Dehesh Tania 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Patient absconding from hospital is one of the permanent issues the hospitals face, which poses many risks and challenges to the patient, hospital, and society. The present study aimed to identify the reasons for patient absconding behavior for public hospitals in southeastern Iran. Methods: The present study is a qualitative study which was conducted at three public hospitals in southeastern Iran using purposive sampling through semi-structured interviews with 63 informants involved in patient treatment process. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi content analysis (CCA) method. Results: Three main themes of economic, social factors, and factors related to the hospital covering 15 subthemes were identified to explain the reasons for patients absconding behavior. Conclusion: There are many reasons for reducing patients absconding from hospitals, and one of the main reasons is the patients’ economic and social problems. The absconding behavior can lead to harm and problems for patients, and some emotional and occupational consequences for the employees and nurses. Paying attention to this issue and considering some courses of action to prevent patient absconding might lead to a considerable promotion of public trust and eliminate many problems for hospitals.
Malaria in Eswatini, 2012-2019: A Case Study of the Elimination Effort.
Authors: Nkya Theresia Estomih , Fillinger Ulrike , Dlamini Makhoselive , Sangoro Onyango P. , Marubu Rose , Zulu Zulisile , Chanda Emmanuel , Mutero Clifford Maina , Dlamini Quinton 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Eswatini was the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to pass a National Malaria Elimination Policy in 2011 and later set a target for elimination by the year 2020. This case study aimed to review Eswatini’s progress towards malaria elimination by 2020. Coverage of indoor residual spraying (IRS) for vector control and data on malaria cases were provided by the National Malaria Programme (NMP) of Eswatini. The data included all cases treated for malaria in all health facilities. The data was analysed descriptively. Over the eight-year period, a total of 5,511 patients reported to the health facilities with malaria symptoms. Case investigation rate through the routine surveillance system increased from 50% in 2012 to 84% in 2019. Incidence per 1000 population at risk fluctuated between the years but in general increased from 0.70 in 2012 to 1.65 in 2019 with highest incidence of 3.19 reported in 2017. IRS data showed inconsistency in spraying over the eight-year period. Eswatini has fallen short of achieving malaria elimination by 2020. Malaria cases are still consistently reported, albeit at low rates, with occasional localised outbreaks. To achieve elimination, it is critical to optimise timely and well-targeted IRS and to consider rational expansion of tools for an integrated malaria control approach in Eswatini by including tools such as larval source management, long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), screening of mosquito house entry points and chemoprophylaxis. The establishment of rigorous routine entomological surveillance should be among the priorities in order to determine the local malaria vectors’ ecology, potential species diversity and the role of secondary vectors and insecticide resistance.
Increased Serum Procollagen type I C-terminal Propeptide Levels are Associated with Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients Treated with Anthracycline-based Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Fuente Ana de la , Santisteban Marta , Lupón Josep , Aramendía José Manuel , Díaz Agnes , Cediel Germán , López Begoña , Picazo José María López , Rábago Gregorio , Díez Javier , González Arantxa , Bayés-Genís Antoni , Ravassa Susana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Anthracycline-based cancer chemotherapy (ACC) has been related to myocardial interstitial fibrosis (MIF), a lesion contributing to left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). We investigated whether biomarker-assessed MIF was associated with LVD in patients with breast cancer receiving ACC and in patients with ACC-induced heart failure (ACC-HF). Moreover, chemotherapy agent’s pro-fibrotic activity was evaluated in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). Methods Echocardiography, serum biomarkers of collagen deposition (procollagen type-I C-terminal-propeptide [PICP]) and crosslinking (collagen type-I C-terminal-telopeptide/matrix metalloproteinase-1 ratio), and biomarkers of myocardial and vascular stress (galectin-3, sST2, amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP], hs-troponin-T and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1]) were assessed in 70 breast cancer patients at baseline, and during ACC at 3 and 6 months. Subclinical cardiotoxicity was defined as a global longitudinal strain (GLS) relative reduction>15%. In addition, PICP and NT-proBNP were determined in 347 patients with different HF etiologies, 37 with ACC-HF of whom 33 had 12-month-follow-up LVEF assessment. HCF activation was examined after incubation with chemotherapy agents for 24 hours. Results In breast cancer patients, six-months-ACC reduced GLS and upregulated PICP, hs-troponin-T, NT-proBNP and VCAM-1 (P<0.01) versus baseline. At 6 months, elevation of PICP was higher in patients with subclinical cardiotoxicity versus the remaining patients (P for interaction<0.001). PICP levels were directly associated with a relative reduction in GLS (P<0.001). In ACC-HF patients, baseline LVEF was inversely associated with PICP and NT-proBNP (P<0.01). After 12 months, LVEF did not change in patients with higher basal PICP (3rd tertile) but improved in the remaining patients (P<0.001). Doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and trastuzumab stimulated collagen synthesis in HCFs, including PICP extracellular cleavage. Conclusion These results indicate that increased levels of PICP, a biomarker related to MIF, are associated with early LVD in ACC-treated patients with breast cancer and with established LVD in ACC-HF patients, hindering LV functional improvement after 12 months. Chemotherapy can directly activate collagen metabolism and increase PICP extracellular presence in HCFs. Therefore, PICP emerges as a promising biomarker of ACC-induced cardiotoxicity.
WITHDRAWN: A Bioinformatics-Based Screening and Analysis of Key Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wei Yanfei , Wang Shengshan , Chen Wanjun , Lin Yuning , Zhang Qi , Huang Delun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered as the leading killer disease in the world. So far most of the diagnosis of HCC is mainly established on imaging and biopsy. As sequencing technology is developing quite fast, and it has already been widely applied in the medical area, such as cancer diagnosis. In this article, GSE121248, GSE76427 and GSE60502 datasets were chosen to analyze and screen key genes which could affect the development of liver cancer through the bioinformatics method. The results showed up regulated genes mainly reside in cell division, nucleus, protein binding pathway, and down regulated genes are mostly located in the Oxidation-reduction process, Extracellular region, Heme binding, Metabolic pathway. Secondly, hub gene analysis indicated there were twelve critical hub genes found: RFC4, RACGAP1, CCNB2, CDC20, UBE2C, PTTG1, AURKA, PRC1, NCAPG, CDKN3, TOP2A, KIF20A, AURKA and CDKN3. By applying bioinformatic measures , the genes associated with hepatocellular carcinoma can be efficiently analyzed, that would provide invaluable information for translational studies.
Overexpression of NPTX2 Promotes Malignant Phenotypeof Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma via IL6-JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway Under Hypoxia
Authors: Han Xiaotian , Lu Yechen , Li Xiaoqi , Xia Lingfang , Wen Hao , Feng Zheng , Ju Xingzhu , Chen Xiaojun , Wu Xiaohua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC) is the main subtype of ovarian cancer and shows an aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis. Neuronal pentraxin II (NPTX2)is a member of the neuronal pentraxin family and plays a contradictory role in different tumors. However, there has been no report about the possible role and effect of NPTX2 in EOC.Methods: Bioinformatics analysis, qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of NPTX2 in EOC. Lentivirus-based transfection for NPTX2 overexpression or knockdown was performed on the EOC cell lines A2780, HEY, SKOV3 and OVCAR-3. The effect of NPTX2 on the malignant phenotype of EOC was examined through methods of MTS assay, Edu assay, transwell assay, western blotting analysis, qPCR analysis, luciferase reporter assay and xenograft experiment.Results: EOC tissues showed higher NPTX2 expression than the normal tissues with poor prognosis. NPTX2 overexpression can promote the proliferation, invasion, migration and tumorigenesis of EOC via IL6-JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Moreover, hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1) can promote the transcription and expression of NPTX2 under the hypoxic environment.Conclusions: The above results suggest that NPTX2 may play a novel role in ovarian cancer's malignant phenotype and act asa promising treatment target for EOC moleculartherapy.
Survival in Severe Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Chronic Lung Disease: Influence of In-Hospital Platelet Distribution Width
Authors: Wang Lan , Shen Li , Zhao Ya-Lin , Pudasaini Bigyan , Zhao Qin-Hua , Gong Su-Gang , Zhang Rui , Yuan Ping , He Jing , Luo Ci-Jun , Qiu Hong-Ling , Liu Jin-Ming , Jiang Rong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Platelet distribution width (PDW) has been recognized as risk predictors of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. This study aims to investigate whether in-hospital PDW would be useful to predict all-cause death in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension due to chronic lung diseases (CLD-PH).METHODS: Early in-hospital PDW was measured in 67 severe CLD-PH patients who were confirmed by right heart catheterization and followed up. Event-free survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and analyzed with the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were performed to determine the association between the PDW level and all-cause death.RESULTS: Pulmonary function test and echocardiography parameters were different among patients divided by 17% (the upper reference range of the PDW). There were no significant differences in both clinical variables and RHC parameters among patients with PDW ≥ or < 17%. During median of 2.4 (2.5, 3.7) years of follow-up, 44 patients died. A significant association was noted between in-hospital PDW level and the adjusted risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.245; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.099-1.409). Compared with those with PDW < 17%, the HR for all-cause death increased to 5.067 (95% CI: 2.420-10.609, P < 0.001) among patients with PDW ≥ 17 %. Higher levels of PDW were also associated with increased risk of all-cause death.CONCLUSIONS: In-hospital PDW was independently associated with all-cause death in patients with severe CLD-PH. This potentially could be used to estimate the severity of severe CLD-PH.
Parkinson’s disease‒associated VPS35 mutant reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and impairs PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy
Authors: Ma Kai Yu , Fokkens Michiel R , Reggiori Fulvio , Mari Muriel , Verbeek Dineke S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and several genes linked to familial PD, including PINK1 and PARK2, are directly involved in processes such as mitophagy that maintain mitochondrial health. The dominant p.D620N variant in VPS35 has also been associated to familial PD but has not been functionally connected to PINK1 and PARK2. Methods: To better mimic and study the patient situation, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate heterozygous human SH-SY5Y cells carrying the PD-associated D620N variant in VPS35. These cells were treated with the protonophore CCCP to induce PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, which was assessed using biochemical and microscopy approaches. Results:Mitochondria in VPS35-D620N cells exhibited reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and appeared to already be damaged at steady state. As a result, the mitochondria of these cells were desensitized to CCCP-induced collapse in mitochondrial potential, as they displayed altered fragmentation and were unable to accumulate PINK1 at their surface upon this insult. Consequently, Parkin recruitment to the cell surface was inhibited and initiation of PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy is impaired. Conclusion:Our findings extend the pool of evidence that the p.D620N mutant VPS35 causes mitochondrial dysfunction and suggest a converging pathogenic mechanism between VPS35, PINK1 and Parkin in PD.