bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Unified Model for Bipolar Outflows from Young Stars: The Interplay of Magnetized Wide-angle Winds and Isothermal Toroids
Authors: Shang 尚 Hsien 賢 , Krasnopolsky Ruben , Liu 劉 Chun-Fan 君帆 , Wang 王 Liang-Yao 亮堯 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Large-scale morphology and time evolution are investigated for the unified model of bipolar outflows outlined in Shang et al. (2006), where an outflow forms by a radially directed, wide-angle magnetized wind interacting with magnetized isothermal toroids in various quasistatic states. The primary wide-angle wind is toroidally magnetized and maintains a cylindrically stratified density profile, mimicking the asymptotic solution of the cold X-wind model. We explore the interplay between the toroidally magnetized primary wind and the surrounding toroids threaded by poloidal magnetic fields and examine how the jet and shell morphology and fine structures within them vary with the physical parameters. The variation in flatness of the density distribution in the ambient isothermal toroids helps shape the varieties of lobe morphology and collimation. The presence of a stronger ambient poloidal field helps shape the outflow, forming a magnetic cocoon and nested multilayered cavities surrounding the wind-filled lobe, which is most evident in the more open configurations of the ambient toroids. The wind–toroid interface is prone to substantial shear and thus unstable to the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. Magnetic forces in the compressed toroidally magnetized high-velocity wind can generate vorticity, leading to nonlinear patterns within the extended magnetized mixing layers. Magnetic disturbances generated by the interplay could modulate lobe shapes, density, and velocities, giving rise to visual impressions of thicker and rugged shells and apparent episodic distribution of matter. The system maintains a quasi-self-similar evolution in time, which serves as a proxy for understanding the underlying physical mechanisms driving it.
3HWC: The Third HAWC Catalog of Very-high-energy Gamma-Ray Sources
Authors: Albert A. , Alfaro R. , Alvarez C. , Camacho J. R. Angeles , Arteaga-Velázquez J. C. , Arunbabu K. P. , Rojas D. Avila , Solares H. A. Ayala , Baghmanyan V. , Belmont-Moreno E. , BenZvi S. Y. , Brisbois C. , Caballero-Mora K. S. , Capistrán T. , Carramiñana A. , Casanova S. , Cotti U. , de León S. Coutiño , Fuente E. De la , Hernandez R. Diaz , Diaz-Cruz L. , Dingus B. L. , DuVernois M. A. , Durocher M. , Díaz-Vélez J. C. , Ellsworth R. W. , Engel K. , Espinoza C. , Fan K. L. , Fang K. , Alonso M. Fernández , Fleischhack H. , Fraija N. , Galván-Gámez A. , Garcia D. , García-González J. A. , Garfias F. , Giacinti G. , González M. M. , Goodman J. A. , Harding J. P. , Hernandez S. , Hinton J. , Hona B. , Huang D. , Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F. , Hüntemeyer P. , Iriarte A. , Jardin-Blicq A. , Joshi V. , Kieda D. , Lara A. , Lee W. H. , Vargas H. León , Linnemann J. T. , Longinotti A. L. , Luis-Raya G. , Lundeen J. , López-Coto R. , Malone K. , Marandon V. , Martinez O. , Martinez-Castellanos I. , Martínez-Castro J. , Matthews J. A. , Miranda-Romagnoli P. , Morales-Soto J. A. , Moreno E. , Mostafá M. , Nayerhoda A. , Nellen L. , Newbold M. , Nisa M. U. , Noriega-Papaqui R. , Olivera-Nieto L. , Omodei N. , Peisker A. , Araujo Y. Pérez , Pérez-Pérez E. G. , Ren Z. , Rho C. D. , Rivière C. , Rosa-González D. , Ruiz-Velasco E. , Salazar H. , Greus F. Salesa , Sandoval A. , Schneider M. , Schoorlemmer H. , Serna F. , Sinnis G. , Smith A. J. , Springer R. W. , Surajbali P. , Tollefson K. , Torres I. , Torres-Escobedo R. , Ukwatta T. N. , Ureña-Mena F. , Weisgarber T. , Werner F. , Willox E. , Zepeda A. , Zhou H. , León C. de , Álvarez J. D. ,   (HAWC Collaboration)
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present a new catalog of TeV gamma-ray sources using 1523 days of data from the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. The catalog represents the most sensitive survey of the northern gamma-ray sky at energies above several TeV, with three times the exposure compared to the previous HAWC catalog, 2HWC. We report 65 sources detected at ≥5σ significance, along with the positions and spectral fits for each source. The catalog contains eight sources that have no counterpart in the 2HWC catalog, but are within 1° of previously detected TeV emitters, and 20 sources that are more than 1° away from any previously detected TeV source. Of these 20 new sources, 14 have a potential counterpart in the fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope catalog of gamma-ray sources. We also explore potential associations of 3HWC sources with pulsars in the Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF) pulsar catalog and supernova remnants in the Galactic supernova remnant catalog.
Revisiting the Distance, Environment, and Supernova Properties of SNR G57.2+0.8 that Hosts SGR 1935+2154
Authors: Zhou Ping , Zhou Xin , Chen Yang , Wang Jie-Shuang , Vink Jacco , Wang Yuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We have performed a multiwavelength study of supernova remnant (SNR) G57.2+0.8 and its environment. The SNR hosts the magnetar SGR 1935+2154, which emitted an extremely bright millisecond-duration radio burst on 2020 April 28. We used the 12CO and 13CO J = 1–0 data from the Milky Way Image Scroll Painting CO line survey to search for molecular gas associated with G57.2+0.8, in order to constrain the physical parameters (e.g., the distance) of the SNR and its magnetar. We report that SNR G57.2+0.8 is likely impacting the molecular clouds (MCs) at the local standard of rest (LSR) velocity

and excites a weak 1720 MHz OH maser with a peak flux density of 47 mJy beam−1. The chance coincidence of a random OH spot falling in the SNR is ≤12%, and the OH–CO correspondence chance is 7% at the maser spot. This combines to give <1% false probability of the OH maser, suggesting a real maser detection. The LSR velocity of the MCs places the SNR and magnetar at a kinematic distance of 6.6 ± 0.7 kpc. The nondetection of thermal X-ray emission from the SNR and the relatively dense environment suggests G57.2+0.8 be an evolved SNR with an age

. The explosion energy of G57.2+0.8 is lower than

, which is not very energetic even assuming a high ambient density

. This reinforces the opinion that magnetars do not necessarily result from very energetic supernova explosions.
Constraints on Primordial Non-Gaussianity Using the Multitracer Technique for Skew Spectra
Authors: Dai Ji-Ping , Xia Jun-Qing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Extracting the bispectrum information from large-scale structure observations is challenging due to the complex models and the computational costs involved in measuring the signal and its covariance. Recently, the skew spectrum was proposed to access parts of the bispectrum information in a more effective manner and was confirmed to provide complementary information to that available in power spectrum measurements. In this work, we generalize the theory to apply the multitracer technique and explore its ability to constrain the local-type primordial non-Gaussianity. Using the spectra and their covariance estimated from N-body simulations, we find that the multitracer approach is effective in reducing the cosmic variance noise. The 1σ marginalized errors for

, and

are reduced by 50%, 52%, and 73% compared with the results achieved using only the power spectrum obtained from a single tracer. These results indicate that both the skew spectrum and the multitracer technique are useful in constraining the primordial non-Gaussianity with the forthcoming wide-field galaxy surveys.
High-resolution He I 10830 Å Narrowband Imaging for an M-class Flare. III. EUV Late Phase
Authors: Wang Ya , Ji Haisheng , Warmuth Alexander , Li Ying , Cao Wenda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we report the EUV late phase for the M1.8 class flare on 2012 July 5 in the active region (AR) 11515. The late phase is shown by the prominent appearance of EUV emission at 131 Å of two additional flare loop systems (flare arcades 2 and 3, as named in this paper) other than the main flare loop (flare arcade 1), as observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO). Three sets of flare arcades connect four flare ribbons, which forms an asymmetric quadrupole magnetic field configuration. While the emission from flare arcade 2, linking the pair of secondary flare ribbons, and arcade 3, linking one of the main flare ribbons and one of the secondary flare ribbons, conjointly contributes to the EUV late phase, their heating mechanisms are quite different. While the brightening of flare arcade 2 is the result of disturbance created by the eruption of EUV hot channels to the overlying coronal magnetic field, the heating of flare arcade 3 was closely associated with two rapid contractions of the overlying filament threads during the partial eruption of the filament. The contractions are discernible in He i 10830 Å images and have signatures in the EUV wavelengths of AIA. The two rapid contractions are the result of a sudden drop in magnetic pressure after the eruption of two hot channels. Clear evidence suggests that magnetic reconnection may occur between the contracting filament threads and the low-lying magnetic field.
Ubiquitous Molecular Outflows in z > 4 Massive, Dusty Galaxies. I. Sample Overview and Clumpy Structure in Molecular Outflows on 500 pc Scales
Authors: Spilker Justin S. , Phadke Kedar A. , Aravena Manuel , Béthermin Matthieu , Chapman Scott C. , Dong 董辰 Chenxing 兴 , Gonzalez Anthony H. , Hayward Christopher C. , Hezaveh Yashar D. , Jarugula Sreevani , Litke Katrina C. , Malkan Matthew A. , Marrone Daniel P. , Narayanan Desika , Reuter Cassie , Vieira Joaquin D. , Weiss Axel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Massive galaxy-scale outflows of gas are one of the most commonly invoked mechanisms to regulate the growth and evolution of galaxies throughout the universe. While the gas in outflows spans a large range of temperatures and densities, the cold molecular phase is of particular interest because molecular outflows may be capable of suppressing star formation in galaxies by removing the star-forming gas. We have conducted the first survey of molecular outflows at z > 4, targeting 11 strongly lensed dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) with high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of OH 119 μm absorption as an outflow tracer. In this first paper, we give an overview of the survey, focusing on the detection rate and structure of molecular outflows. We find unambiguous evidence for outflows in 8/11 galaxies (73%), more than tripling the number known at z > 4. This implies that molecular winds in z > 4 DSFGs must have both a near-unity occurrence rate and large opening angles to be detectable in absorption. Lensing reconstructions reveal that 500 pc scale clumpy structures in the outflows are common. The individual clumps are not directly resolved, but from optical depth arguments we expect that future observations will require 50–200 pc spatial resolution to resolve them. We do not detect high-velocity [C ii] wings in any of the sources with clear OH outflows, indicating that [C ii] is not a reliable tracer of molecular outflows. Our results represent a first step toward characterizing molecular outflows at z > 4 at the population level, demonstrating that large-scale outflows are ubiquitous among early massive, dusty galaxies.
Hunting Gravitational Wave Black Holes with Microlensing
Authors: Abrams Natasha S. , Takada Masahiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Gravitational microlensing is a powerful tool to search for a population of invisible black holes (BHs) in the Milky Way (MW), including isolated BHs and binary BHs at wide orbits that are complementary to gravitational wave observations. By monitoring highly populated regions of source stars like the MW bulge region, one can pursue microlensing events due to these BHs. We find that if BHs have a Salpeter-like mass function extended beyond 30M
⊙ and a similar velocity and spatial structure to stars in the Galactic bulge and disk regions, the BH population is a dominant source of microlensing events at long timescales of the microlensing light curve ≳100 days. This is due to a boosted sensitivity of the microlensing event rate to lens mass, given as M
2, for such long-timescale events. A monitoring observation of 2 × 1010 stars in the bulge region over 10 yr with the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) would enable one to find about 6 × 105 BH microlensing events. We evaluate the efficiency of potential LSST cadences for characterizing the light curves of BH microlensing and find that nearly all events of long timescales can be detected.
Astromers: Nuclear Isomers in Astrophysics*
Authors: Misch G. Wendell , Ghorui Surja K. , Banerjee Projjwal , Sun Yang , Mumpower Matthew R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We develop a method to compute thermally mediated transition rates between the ground state and long-lived isomers in nuclei. We also establish criteria delimiting a thermalization temperature above which a nucleus may be considered a single species and below which it must be treated as two separate species: a ground-state species and an astrophysical isomer (“astromer”) species. Below the thermalization temperature, the destruction rates dominate the internal transition rates between the ground state and the isomer. If the destruction rates also differ greatly from one another, the nuclear levels fall out of or fail to reach thermal equilibrium. Without thermal equilibrium, there may not be a safe assumption about the distribution of occupation probability among the nuclear levels when computing nuclear reaction rates. In these conditions, the isomer has astrophysical consequences and should be treated as a separate astromer species which evolves separately from the ground state in a nucleosynthesis network. We apply our transition-rate methods and perform sensitivity studies on a few well-known astromers. We also study transitions in several other isomers of likely astrophysical interest.
Rise of the Phoenix Giants: A Rich History of Dusty Post-merger Stellar Remnants
Authors: Melis Carl 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hoadley et al. present an exceptional star system hosting orbiting dust and gas and a detached shell of material presumably generated in a stellar merger event. While they claim it to be “the only known merger system not enshrouded by dust,” the reality is that this system is a new addition to a remarkable collection of stars first recognized decades ago as likely post-merger stellar remnants. In this note we give an abridged history of evidence for dusty stellar merger remnants in the the Milky Way.
Recovery and Validation of Venus Ionospheric Electron Density Profiles from Pioneer Venus Orbiter Radio Occultation Observations
Authors: Withers Paul , Hensley Kerry , Vogt Marissa F. , Hermann Jacob 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Pioneer Venus Orbiter radio occultation experiment acquired vertical profiles of electron density in the ionosphere of Venus. These profiles were not readily accessible to researchers. Here we report the recovery and validation of a set of electron density profiles from Pioneer Venus Orbiter. More than 200 profiles spanning solar zenith angles of 30°–170° were deemed acceptable for scientific analysis. These profiles sample solar minimum, moderate, and maximum conditions. The profiles are publicly available and ready for use in scientific investigations of the ionosphere of Venus and related topics.
Galileo: a consolidação do sistema de posicionamento europeu
Authors: Menezes da Silva Crislaine , Setti Júnior Paulo De Tarso , Alves Daniele Barroca Marra , Monico João Francisco Galera 
Published: December 2020

O Galileo é a contribuição da União Europeia ao GNSS (ingl. Global Navigation Satellite Systems – Sistemas de Navegação Global por Satélite) e está próximo da declaração da fase operacional completa, que deve ocorrer no final de 2020 ou início de 2021. Este sistema começou a ser concebido na década de 90, após a decisão do governo americano em não permitir que outras nações participassem da construção e manutenção do sistema NAVSTAR – GPS (ingl. Global Positioning System – Sistema de Posicionamento Global). O sistema Galileo é a primeira contribuição civil para o GNSS e foi desenvolvido de forma a ser independente dos outros sistemas nos segmentos espacial, de controle e operacional. Além disso, está sendo desenvolvido para ser interoperável e compatível com os outros GNSS, em especial o GPS. Nos últimos anos, o desenvolvimento do Galileo fez progressos significativos. A constelação atual compreende um total de 26 satélites orbitando a Terra, 22 operacionais, dos quais três pertencentes à primeira geração de satélites de validação de órbita, e a infraestrutura de controle terrestre está em pleno funcionamento. Para o usuário, são transmitidos sinais em três frequências E1, E5 e E6. Os sinais em E1 e E5 são transmitidos nas mesmas frequências que os sinais GPS L1 e L5 e ambos sistemas usam princípios de modulação equivalentes. Isso é benéfico pois proporciona uma melhor cobertura e maior robustez para usuários que podem utilizar os sistemas de forma combinada. Além disso, o Galileo oferece vários novos serviços específicos, como o serviço aberto, o serviço de alta acurácia e de busca e resgate. Como o sistema Galileo está atualmente em fase final de implantação, faz-se necessário na literatura brasileira, um artigo que trate exclusivamente desse sistema, este artigo apresenta o estado da arte do sistema Galileo (julho de 2020). Resultados iniciais demonstraram que o Galileo tem acurácia comparável ao GPS, no posicionamento por ponto simples.
New insights from museum specimens: a case of Viviparidae (Caenogastropoda: Mollusca) in Iwakawa’s collection preserved in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo
Authors: Saito Takumi , Kagawa Osamu 
Published: December 2020

In this study, we clarify the classification of museum specimens of the family Viviparidae, which is composed of six species/subspecies in Japan, including three endangered species. We examined Viviparus sclateri specimens from the Tomotaro Iwakawa collection (1855-1933) in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo. The Iwakawa's collection was catalogued in 1919 and Viviparus sclateri, labelled with Naga-tanishi, the current Japanese name for H. longispira, which was, at the time, equivalent to Viviparus sclateri, was listed in this catalogue. The catalogue noted localities of Viviparus sclateri (Naga-tanishi) from outside Lake Biwa, including occurrences in Lake Kasumigaura and Lake Suwa. However, Heterogen longispira (Naga-tanishi) is currently considered to be endemic to Lake Biwa drainage. The actual status of Viviparus sclateri in Iwakawa (1919) has not been clarified until now.
Our examination revealed that Viviparus sclateri from Iwakawa’s catalogue included H. japonica, H. longispira and Sinotaia quadrata histrica, based on current taxonomy. Specimens assigned to H. longispira occurred only in Lake Biwa drainage. Heterogen japonica was confirmed to be present in all lots and some H. japonica from Lake Suwa had a distinctive morphology. Sinotaia quadrata histrica was only confirmed to occur in Lake Suwa. Furthermore, some specimens from southern Lake Biwa and the Seta River had intermediate characteristics between H. japonica and H. longispira and their populations are currently almost extinct.
El primer cine soviético en Argentina: el Comité Central de Ayuda al Proletariado Ruso y la distribuidora Russ Film (1922-1927)
Authors: Mafud Lucio 
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la difusión, a comienzos de la década de 1920, del primer cine soviético en la Argentina, que se realizó a través del Comité Central de Ayuda al Proletariado Ruso, una organización dedicada principalmente a recaudar fondos para paliar la hambruna que azotó a Rusia en 1921 y que constituyó la distribuidora Russ Film. Se trató de la única distribuidora en toda Latinoamérica dedicada a la exhibición de las primeras películas soviéticas que había sido conformada a instancias de la Internationale Arbeiter-Hilfe (IAH), la organización fundada por el dirigente comunista alemán Willi Münzenberg para fomentar la solidaridad social hacia la Unión Soviética y la difusión de las ideas comunistas a nivel mundial. De esta forma, se pudieron conocer en Argentina, por intermedio de la Russ Film, los primeros documentales propagandísticos de la revolución bolchevique y las primeras producciones de ficción soviéticas. Por un lado, estudiaremos el contenido y el estilo de algunos de estos films, y las estrategias de promoción adoptadas para su comercialización por esta distribuidora. Por otro, abordaremos el particular sistema de exhibición implementado por la Russ Film, ya que no solo distribuyó sus películas en las salas comerciales, sino también a través de un circuito alternativo: el de las “veladas” culturales realizadas por las diversas tendencias políticas de la izquierda argentina y las organizaciones sindicales. A pesar de que la mayor parte de esa producción resulta muy difícil de visualizar, o directamente se encuentra perdida, el relevamiento de las revistas cinematográficas de la época y de las publicaciones periódicas de izquierdas permitió obtener información sobre las características de estos films y reconstruir su marco de exhibición.
Como uma estrela guia: o PIBID na visão de professoras em início de carreira de Corumbá-MS
Authors: Zabala Gomes Tatiane , Salomão Garcia Edelir , Do Nascimento Sambugari Márcia Regina 
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta a pesquisa que investigou o impacto do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) na vida de professoras iniciantes, ex-PIBIDianas do curso de Pedagogia do Câmpus do Pantanal (CPAN), da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) em Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul. Numa abordagem qualitativa, na pesquisa de campo utilizou-se de entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado com quatro professoras em início e carreira, egressas do PIBID Subprojeto Pedagogia/CPAN/UFMS. A análise dos dados apontou que a participação no PIBID alterou de forma positiva a vida das ex-bolsistas, ao trazer experiências construtivas em suas vidas tanto como acadêmicas, quanto na vida profissional, contribuindo na constituição docente ao articular os conhecimentos e saberes desenvolvidos no PIBID. Ressalta-se, portanto, o quanto programas como o PIBID, que fomentam a reflexão e prática da docência na relação universidade e escola são imprescindíveis na vida dos futuros professores.
Residência Pedagógica: o ensino de química e o uso da experimentação como estratégia facilitadora para o aprendizado.
Authors: Sousa Jéssica Teio , Fonseca Greyciele Cerdeira , Yamaguchi Klenicy Kazumy de Lima 
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar o ensino de Química na perspectiva dos discentes e avaliar a importância do uso da experimentação para a aprendizagem em Química. A atividade foi realizada em uma turma do 2º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola no interior do Amazonas como atividade de intervenção do Programa Residência Pedagógica, núcleo de Química. A pesquisa apresentou abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória. O projeto teve sua culminância em uma Feira de Ensino de Química onde os discentes puderam apresentar experimentos utilizando materiais acessíveis e de baixo custo. Os resultados demostraram que os discentes tiveram uma evolução em relação as suas concepções sobre os assuntos que haviam estudado durante o ano letivo e puderam ressignificar os conceitos de forma aplicável, proporcionando uma melhoria no aprendizado de Química. Pode-se verificar a importância da atividade de intervenção do Programa Residência Pedagógica para o ensino e as contribuições para os acadêmicos participantes.