bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in travel times between car and transit: Spatiotemporal patterns in cities
Authors: Liao Yuan , Gil Jorge , Pereira Rafael H. M. , Yeh Sonia , Verendel Vilhelm 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCities worldwide are pursuing policies to reduce car use and prioritise public transit (PT) as a means to tackle congestion, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. The increase of PT ridership is constrained by many aspects; among them, travel time and the built environment are considered the most critical factors in the choice of travel mode. We propose a data fusion framework including real-time traffic data, transit data, and travel demand estimated using Twitter data to compare the travel time by car and PT in four cities (São Paulo, Brazil; Stockholm, Sweden; Sydney, Australia; and Amsterdam, the Netherlands) at high spatial and temporal resolutions. We use real-world data to make realistic estimates of travel time by car and by PT and compare their performance by time of day and by travel distance across cities. Our results suggest that using PT takes on average 1.4–2.6 times longer than driving a car. The share of area where travel time favours PT over car use is very small: 0.62% (0.65%), 0.44% (0.48%), 1.10% (1.22%) and 1.16% (1.19%) for the daily average (and during peak hours) for São Paulo, Sydney, Stockholm, and Amsterdam, respectively. The travel time disparity, as quantified by the travel time ratio $$R$$R (PT travel time divided by the car travel time), varies widely during an average weekday, by location and time of day. A systematic comparison between these two modes shows that the average travel time disparity is surprisingly similar across cities: $$R < 1$$R<1 for travel distances less than 3 km, then increases rapidly but quickly stabilises at around 2. This study contributes to providing a more realistic performance evaluation that helps future studies further explore what city characteristics as well as urban and transport policies make public transport more attractive, and to create a more sustainable future for cities.
Dynamics of ColicinE2 production and release determine the competitive success of a toxin-producing bacterial population
Authors: Weiß Anna S. , Götz Alexandra , Opitz Madeleine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe release of toxins is one mechanism used by bacterial species to establish dominance over competitors, but how the dynamics of toxin expression determine the competitive success of a toxin-producing population is largely unknown. Here, we investigate how the expression dynamics of ColicinE2 – a toxic bacteriocin – affect competition between toxin-producing and toxin-sensitive strains of Escherichia coli. We demonstrate that, in addition to genetic modifications in the toxin expression system, alterations of the growth medium can be used to modulate the timing of toxin production and the amount of toxin released. Thus cells that release the toxin at later times can accumulate more colicin. In experiments, we found that delaying toxin release does not significantly alter competition outcome. However, our theoretical analysis allowed us to assess the relative contributions of release time and toxin level to the competitive success of the producer strain, that might counteract each other in experiments. The results reveal that the importance of delaying toxin release lies in increasing the toxin amount. This is a more effective strategy for the toxin-producing strain than prompt discharge of the colicin. In summary, our study shows how the toxin release dynamics influence the competitive success of the toxin-producing bacterial population.
Einfluss oraler Kollagen-Peptide auf die Hautqualität am ganzen Körper
Authors: Streker M. , Thill M. S. , Kerscher M. 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Hautalterung ist ein komplexer Prozess, der sowohl extrinsischen als auch intrinsischen Einflüssen unterliegt. Neben sichtbaren Zeichen wie Falten und einem Verlust an Elastizität spielen sich insbesondere in der Dermis molekulare Veränderungen ab. Ein wesentlicher Faktor ist die Minderung der Qualität und Quantität von kollagenen Fasern sowie weiteren extrazellulären Matrixbestandteilen. Bereits in früheren In-vivo-Human-Studien wurde eine Verbesserung der Hautqualität im Gesicht durch die orale Supplementierung mit Kollagenpeptiden nachgewiesen. Es konnte mittels objektiver, validierter dermatologischer Messmethoden bestätigt werden, dass die orale Aufnahme von speziellen Kollagen-Peptiden über einen längeren Zeitraum die Hautphysiologie (Lipidgehalt der Hautoberfläche, Stratum-corneum-Hydratation, Hautelastizität, Hautglätte und Hautdichte) positiv beeinflusst. In der vorliegenden 12-wöchigen Studie wurden die positiven Effekte eines Nutraceuticals mit bioaktiven Kollagen-Peptiden (ELASTEN®) auf die Hautqualität erstmals am gesamten Körper (Gesicht, Dekolleté, Arm und Oberschenkel) untersucht.
Von der Steintherapie zum Aneurysmacoiling
Authors: Enge Michael , Albarghouth Mohamad Hatem , Behrendt Wolf , Hamza Amir 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Nachfolgenden wird der Fall einer 54-jährigen Patientin dargestellt, welche 3 Wochen nach perkutaner Nephrolithotomie persistierende Makrohämaturie mit Harnblasentamponadenbildung bot. Die Angiografie zeigte ein intrarenales Aneurysma, welches mittels Coiling ausgeschaltet werden konnte, was zum vollständigen Sistieren der Blutung führte.
Pulsatility Index Reflects Intracranial Pressure Better than Resistive Index in Patients with Clinical Features of Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Kaloria Narender , Panda Nidhi Bidyut , Bhagat Hemant , Kaloria Neha , Soni Shiv Lal , Chauhan Rajeev , Chhabra Rajesh , Jangra Kiran 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background The intracranial pressure (ICP) is measured through various noninvasive methods to overcome complications of invasive ICP monitoring. In this study, transcranial Doppler was used to measure pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) that were correlated with opening intraventricular ICP. The opening intraventricular ICP was measured with the placement of intraventricular catheter in lateral ventricle without loss of cerebrospinal fluid.

Methods The prospective, observational study was conducted on 40 patients with clinical and radiological features of raised ICP who underwent either endoscopic third ventriculostomy or ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery. The PI and RI were measured simultaneously with opening ICP measurements under general anesthesia. Both PI and RI were correlated with ICP by using Pearson correlation coefficient. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to get the optimal values of PI ad RI for corresponding ICP values.

Results The mean PI was 1.01 ± 0.41 and mean RI was 0.59 ± 0.32. The mean opening ICP value was 21.81 ± 8.68 mm Hg. The correlation between PI and RI with ICP was a statistically significant with correlation coefficient of 0.697 and 0.503, respectively. The ROC curve shown statistically significant association between PI and ICP from 15 to 40 mm Hg, whereas the association between RI and ICP was from 15 to 25 mm Hg, with various sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion The opening intraventricular ICP correlated better with PI than RI in patients with features of raised ICP.
Intractable Hiccups due to Isolated Parainfectious Myelitis
Authors: Panda Samhita , Verma Diwakar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system are diseases that affect the optic nerves, brain, and spinal cord, leading to visual loss, brainstem dysfunction, and locomotor dysfunction. Intractable vomiting is a rare phenomenon seen due to the involvement of the medulla oblongata in neuromyelitis optica, a rare autoimmune demyelinating disorder. We present our experience with a 33-year-old male who presented to our facility with complaints of intractable hiccups. After extensive evaluation, he was found to have parainfectious myelitis. His symptoms completely resolved following institution of appropriate therapy. Through this report, we hope to bring attention to an unusual cause of intractable hiccups that may often go undiagnosed in general practice.
BMS current algebra in the context of the Newman–Penrose formalism
Authors: Barnich Glenn , Mao Pujian , Ruzziconi Romain 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Starting from an action principle adapted to the Newman–Penrose formalism, we provide a self-contained derivation of BMS current algebra, which includes the generalization of the Bondi mass loss formula to all BMS generators. In the spirit of the Newman–Penrose approach, infinitesimal diffeomorphisms are expressed in terms of four scalars rather than a vector field. In this framework, the on-shell closed co-dimension two forms of the linearized theory associated with Killing vectors of the background are constructed from a standard algorithm. The explicit expression for the breaking that occurs when using residual gauge transformations instead of exact Killing vectors is worked out and related to the presymplectic flux.
Experience co-creation of city visitors from the perspective of technological engagement
Authors: Mohd N S , Ismail H N , Jaafar S M R S , Isa N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The population today have immersed in mobile technology as ICTs is seen as capable in supplementing human social and psychological experience. Similarly, city visitors often perceived mobile technology as an inevitable partner in facilitating space consumption of an unfamiliar environment. Especially in urban setting, great incursion of technology in mediating human-destination encounter had manipulated visitor’s cognitive conceptualisation process, and arguably critical for destination management and liveable city making. Due to high dependency on mobile assistance among current visitors market, cognitive stimulation from tech-human engagement was seen as influential force in psychologically motivating travel satisfaction and destination loyalty. Therefore, perspective on how visitor’s cognitive experience affected by mobile engagement is critical in understanding the continuum of technology-mediated experience. The study was executed at Kuala Lumpur City Centre and the population was confined to millennial generation due to visibility as current tourism market. On-going survey of 235 respondents was conducted on 56 identified main attractions within the city centre. Preliminary findings reveal respondents’ desire towards deviation of smartphone engagement from daily uses during travel, as well as significant of interactive and value instilling engagement to uplift experience. This paper concluded with indication of research limitations and possible future research in this area.
The study of connectivity at Jalan Slamet Riyadi, Surakarta using the space syntax analysis
Authors: Adi A F , Marlina A , Rahayu P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Jalan (street) Slamet Riyadi in Surakarta has a pedestrian lane called City Walk located at the centre point of the city. Having been a decade, this pedestrian lane, however, is rarely used. The lack of connectivity may become the reason why it is abandoned. Connectivity is one of the important aspects in sustainable development. This research aims to understand the connectivity at Jalan Slamet Riyadi using the Space Syntax as the analytical instrument. The research procedures employed were (1) creating axial maps by using the Open Street Map (OSM) as the data source, (2) arranging outputs with the field observation, and (3) interpreting the street connectivity using the space syntax analysis with Depthmapx program. The findings obtained from Depthmapx indicate that Jalan Slamet Riyadi has high connectivity and is tremendously integrated. These findings indicate there may be other elements, beside connectivity, able to make the city walk more utilized; and these elements are the availability of supporting facilities and the proximity of the housing area to the activity centre. In conclusion, the research findings can be furthermore included in the policymaking related to the Surakarta City future urban planning that aims to improve connectivity and to achieve sustainable city development.
The utilization of the railway side as children’s public space (the case study of Patukan Station, Gamping, Sleman, D.I Yogyakarta)
Authors: Suminar L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The existence of public space, as space for people to socialize and spend their leisure time, is an important thing to be paid attention to in urban planning. However, the lack of urban public space, especially for children, makes some places turned into public space illegally by the community. This study aims to explain the utilization of the railway side as children’s public space, as well as the impact caused.The location of the research is along the railway sideofPatukan Station. This research is using the qualitative method. The sampling technique used is an accidental sampling.The research was done through observation to see characteristics of the space, kinds of activities, the doers, also interview toward the visitors and merchants. The result of this study shows that the utilization of the railway side could attract the community to come regularly to do some activities. Meanwhile, there are some limitations to the railway side as an illegal children’s public space. The communities remain uncomfortable and realized that they need proper public space that is more organized and managed legally by the government or other competent sectors. They are expected to provide children public space which can be easily accessed by society.
Women in transition: Gendered hosts in Karimunjawa Island tourism, Indonesia
Authors: Indriansyah N R , Rossika A , Rahmat Y N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Karimunjawa Island is one of the many attractive tourist destinations in Indonesia. The central government has designated it as a National Strategic Tourism Area (KSPN), following the positive trend of tourist arrivals and the plan to integrate the area with other tourism destinations. Meanwhile, transformations are also happening in the local community, including changes in sources of livelihood. The most prevalent of this is the increase in women’s participation in the tourism industry, especially how they take on important jobs that lead to increased income at the household level. This study explores the relationship between tourism development and the increase in participation of women in the productive age, the variations amongst different villages on the same island, and the influential factors in this phenomenon. By using statistical data, a quantitative analysis was conducted to uncover the connection between differences in women’s productivity and improvements in village prosperity. The results were then further analyzed qualitatively to uncover the reasons behind the relationship. Interviews with relevant stakeholders unearthed information regarding the reasons for the changes and the underlying motivations that caused it. The study revealed that although the involvement of women in tourism may positively impact household prosperity, the issues of gender inequality in terms of tourism employment persists.
Disaster, gender, and space: Spatial vulnerability in post-disaster shelters
Authors: Aryanti T , Muhlis A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany studies have shown that women and other marginalized groups are extra vulnerable during disasters and in the aftermath. These groups experience discrimination in access to resources and are more exposed to sexual harassment and violence. Accepting the premise that space shapes gender relations, this article examines how post-disaster space plays a part in the occurrence of gender-based violence. It discusses the literature on space and gender issues in the post-disaster phase, particularly the response phase and recovery phase. The study reviews literature broadly from 1990 to the present because of the limited literature on gender and space in a disaster context. This article argues that the disappearance of boundaries and the collapse of territoriality due to disaster contribute to the occurrence of gender-based violence and the construction of fear among marginalized groups. This article incorporates the concept of defensible space and gendered space to propose a gender-sensitive space in post-disaster shelters. It concludes that emergency and rehabilitation shelters mustconsider privacy and define the territory for each family. Furthermore, these sheltersshould allow for community surveillance to be arranged in order to enhance the sense of security for all community members.
Resilience and livelihoods: Bringing together two approaches to explain social capital in kampung kota communities
Authors: Istanabi T 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Resilience integrates the relationship between mitigation, adaptation and innovation processes. Resilience is also closely related to the strength of social capital of a community. In Indonesia, strong social capital is found in a social community of kampung kota. Social capital is also related to the livelihoods theory approach. Livelihoods also view that a community has social capital that can overcome threats and pressures. So the two approaches have the same object of study, namely the ability of social capital to deal with threats and pressures. This study aims to find out how the concept of resilience and livelihoods can explaining social capital that is formed in kampung kota communities. This study uses a case-study methodology by conducting exploration using in-depth interviewing techniques from important various sources. Kampung Laweyan is a traditional batik village that has passed the ups and downs to be able to survive until now. Meanwhile, Kampung Sudiroprajan was a Chinatown village that had faced social conflict. Finally, this study found a close theory that could complement each other on how resilience and livelihoods could explain social capital in kampung kota. Resilience is a more effective approach to process while livelihood is a more focused approach to actors.
Elderly safety and accessibility as planning considerations for residential areas along the Alalak Riverbank, Banjarmasin
Authors: Hartono R , Indah M F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The community living along the Alalak riverbank in Banjarmasin is highly dependent on the river including transportation purposes, economic, social, and cultural support, and for daily needs. This underlines the importance of access to the river, which supported by wooden footbridges. Meanwhile, community members who depend on the river vary from children to the elderly whereas the elderly have different needs compared to other age groups. Several accidents with the elderly have been recorded in the last five years due to the poor accessibility to facilities. This study evaluated the cause of the poor accessibility to facilities for the elderly and the community planning process in the area. The planning process is discussed within the framework of community development and transformative planning theories. The study uses descriptive-qualitative methods. Five neighborhood groups or RukunTetangga (RT) have been chosen as samples using purposive sampling. This study demonstrated that there is no established planning process for the provision and constructionof access facilities. The poor accessibility to facilities iscausedby two factors, i.e., the lack of consideration for the needs of the elderly in the planning process, and poor maintenance.
A community-based approach to riverine management of the Kali Pepe in Surakarta
Authors: Handayani K N , Miladan N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Most urban villages in Surakarta are situated in the riverine area. These villages experience the effects of urbanization. One of the most significant negative effects of urbanization in the riverine area of Kali Pepe is the environmental degradation of its ecosystem. This problem raises many issues, physical as well as social and economic. Therefore, urban villages need high levels of community resilience, which refers to the capacity of a community to resist various risks through specific management and adoption of good practices. This study focuses on community initiatives. These initiatives symbolize the endeavor to perceive, interact, or even adapt to the river’s condition. In Surakarta, there are various community initiatives such as Forum Solo Hijau, Ngerekso Lapen, SIBAT (which refers to Community-Based Disaster Preparedness) at the neighborhood scale in the urban villages of Sewu and Sangkrah. This research aims to identify the communities’ initiatives in the riverine area of Kali Pepe, Surakarta and understand how the local communities interact with the river. This research used the field research approach for data collection comprising in-depth interviews with local leaders and community representatives. This research used a qualitative-typological approach by analyzing the (1) formation process, (2) the role of actors, and (3) the aims of each community’s endeavor. The findings of this research provide a new perspective for understanding how communities experience the rivers and provide a guideline on how community initiatives can contribute to the sustainability of the river.
Implementation of affordable housing programmes in Johor, Malaysia for sustainable housing
Authors: Masram H , Misnan S H , Yassin A M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Sustainability in housing includes the concept of housing affordability that revolves around the elements of sustainable housing affordability. Affordable housing provision could be discussed under the context of social equity where it demonstrates the ability of all segments of the population to have access to housing. Housing production in Malaysia is mostly dominated by private sector developers and is generally based on supply and demand in the open market. Government intervention in the form of policies and programmes that include affordable housing programmes were introduced to assist all segment of population to have access to housing. This study looks at the implementation of these programmes in the state of Johor, Malaysia. The objectives of this paper are to define housing sustainability through implementation of affordable housing programmes; to determine if these programmes comply with the concept of sustainable housing affordability. Finally, general issues on its implementation will be identified. Findings indicates that the concept of the housing programmes introduced fulfils the criteria for sustainable housing affordability, such as in terms of its price, quality of house, specifications, proximity to facilities and to work place. Some of the main issues identified on its implementation at state and local government can be summarised as the existence of separation of jurisdictions and authorities between the federal and state governments; conflicting requirement for policies between state and federal government and lack of specific Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), which contributes towards delays in the overall development process.