bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the role of C3d dimers in B cell activation and Staphylococcal immune evasion
Authors: Wahid A.A. , Dunphy R.W. , Macpherson A. , Gibson B.G. , Kulik L. , Whale K. , Back C.R. , Hallam T.M. , Alkhawaja B. , Martin R.L. , Meschede I.P. , Lawson A.D.G. , Holers V.M. , Watts A.G. , Crennell S.J. , Harris C.L. , Marchbank K.J. , van den Elsen J.M.H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCleavage of C3 to C3a and C3b plays a central role in the generation of complement-mediated defences. Although the thioester-mediated surface deposition of C3b has been well-studied, fluid-phase dimers of C3 fragments remain largely unexplored. Here we present the first X-ray crystal structures of disulphide-linked human C3d dimers and show they undergo structurally-stabilising N-terminal domain swapping when in complex with theStaphylococcus aureusimmunomodulator Sbi. Through binding studies and flow cytometric analyses we uncover the physiologically-relevant roles of these dimers in crosslinking complement receptor 2 and modulating B cell activation to potentially promote anergy. This potential induction of cellular tolerance by C3d dimers could contribute to Sbi-mediatedS. aureusimmune evasion as well as limit autoreactive immune responses under physiological conditions. Thus, insights gained from our findings could inform the design of novel therapies for autoimmune disorders and enhance our understanding surrounding the importance of complement in the fluid phase.
The anticoagulant nafamostat potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infectionin vitro: an existing drug with multiple possible therapeutic effects
Authors: Yamamoto Mizuki , Kiso Maki , Sakai-Tagawa Yuko , Iwatsuki-Horimoto Kiyoko , Imai Masaki , Takeda Makoto , Kinoshita Noriko , Ohmagari Norio , Gohda Jin , Semba Kentaro , Matsuda Zene , Kawaguchi Yasushi , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Inoue Jun-ichiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough infection by SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, is spreading rapidly worldwide, no drug has been shown to be sufficiently effective for treating COVID-19. We previously found that nafamostat mesylate, an existing drug used for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), effectively blocked MERS-CoV S protein-initiated cell fusion by targeting TMPRSS2, and inhibited MERS-CoV infection of human lung epithelium-derived Calu-3 cells. Here we established a quantitative fusion assay dependent on SARS-CoV-2 S protein, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, and found that nafamostat mesylate potently inhibited the fusion while camostat mesylate was about 10-fold less active. Furthermore, nafamostat mesylate blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection of Calu-3 cells with an EC50around 10 nM, which is below its average blood concentration after intravenous administration through continuous infusion. These findings, together with accumulated clinical data regarding its safety, make nafamostat a likely candidate drug to treat COVID-19.
Microbiological safety of industrially reared insects for food: Identification of bacterial endospores and targeted detection of foodborne viruses
Authors: Vandeweyer D. , Lievens B. , Van Campenhout L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEdible insects are characterised by high microbial numbers of which the bacterial endospores fraction can survive (thermal) processing. It is unknown, however, which bacterial species occur as endospore in edible insects and what impact they have on food safety. Additionally, edible insects have never been explored for the presence of foodborne viruses so far. In this study, we found that the bacterial endospore fraction in a collection of mealworm and cricket samples obtained from commercial insect producers can comprise a large amount ofBacillus cereusgroup members that can pose insect or human health risks. Monitoring and effective mitigation of these risks are urged. By contrast, none of the foodborne viruses hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus and norovirus genogroup II were detected in the sample collection. Therefore, food safety risks originating from these viral pathogens can be concluded to be low.
Ribosome profiling inMycobacterium tuberculosisreveals robust leaderless translation
Authors: Sawyer Elizabeth B. , Phelan Jody E. , Clark Taane G. , Cortes Teresa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis, expresses a large proportion of leaderless transcripts lacking the canonical bacterial translation initiation signals. The role leaderless genes play in the physiology of this pathogen, which can undergo prolonged periods of non-replicating persistence in the host, is currently unknown. We have previously demonstrated that levels of leaderless transcription increase under conditions of nutrient starvation. However, little is known about the implications of this for persistent infection. Here, we performed ribosome profiling to characterise the translational landscape ofM. tuberculosis in vitro. Our data reveals robust leaderless translation in the pathogen and points towards different mechanisms for their initiation of translation compared to canonical Shine-Dalgarno genes. Furthermore, under conditions of nutrient starvation, we found a significant global up-regulation of leaderless genes in the translatome. Our data represents a rich resource for others seeking to understand translational regulation not only inM. tuberculosisbut in bacterial pathogens.
Are all Asian tourists the same? Chinese versus Japanese dining satisfaction
Authors: Choi Juwon , Jeon Hyeongjin “Harry” 
Published: April 2020

PurposeWith a focus on tourists' dining experiences, this study aimed to identify food neophobic tendencies and dining attributes that affect dining satisfaction and to compare these factors between two nationality groups – Chinese and Japanese.Design/methodology/approachFrom a paper-based survey, 380 usable responses were collected from inbound Chinese and Japanese tourists at an international airport in Korea. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed.FindingsChinese tourists' level of dining satisfaction was related to their food neophobic tendencies as well as to the food, environment and service quality. Japanese tourists perceived quality of food and service only as important, and environment quality and food neophobic tendencies were not related to their dining satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this cross-cultural study can be used to improve understanding of international tourists' perceptions and food-related personality traits and have implications for increasing favorable attitudes toward local food at tourist destinations. Destination marketing organizations and local restaurateurs can use the results to develop marketing strategies tailored to each tourist segment.Originality/valueSuccessful marketing strategies for promoting a tourist destination must consider how tourists view the local food as an aspect of the destination attraction. Many studies have considered all Asians as a single homogeneous entity, specifically in comparison with Westerners. This study attempted to debunk the myth of homogeneity by comparing two Asian countries, which may differ in regard to their dining satisfaction.
Can outside CEO successors bring innovation to firms? Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Xin , Xue Youzhi 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effect of outside chief executive officer (CEO) succession on firm innovation in Chinese companies and to explore the mechanism behind the process. By analyzing the motivation of CEO successors of different origins in the context of selection, this paper identifies the factors affecting outside CEO successors’ decision-making on post-succession firm innovation.Design/methodology/approachA Poisson regression model is used on a sample of 1,084 firm-year observations taken from Chinese listed companies that endured CEO succession during the period of 2009–2016. Fixed-effect Poisson regression modeling was performed after likelihood ratio and Hausman testing to assess the robustness of the findings.FindingsThe results show that outside CEO successions are significantly and negatively associated with post-succession firm innovation. Moreover, the authors found a negative effect of outside CEO succession on post-succession firm innovation when the predecessor has a long tenure or the successor is older.Originality/value.This study contributes to the literature on CEO succession, CEO–board relationships and firm innovation by shedding light on how agency, human capital and career-concerning theories in the CEO selection context apply to corporate governance and strategy. Moreover, by exploring the factors influencing CEO successors’ decision-making in terms of firm innovation in the Chinese social and cultural context, this paper identifies ways to promote firm innovation for Chinese companies from the concept of leadership succession.
Foundation of nature reserves after disasters and different modes of remembrance
Authors: Johansson Magnus 
Published: April 2020

PurposeA nature reserve set up in a disaster-stricken area can have various functions, e.g. as a place where biodiversity is favored and sometimes as a memory of a traumatic event. This study presents four different record-breaking disasters during 1992–2014 in Sweden, where the idea of setting up reserves has been advanced in the aftermath, but with slightly different results in relation to attitudes about nature conservation and modes of remembering. The phenomenon is primarily discussed against theory formation around disaster memorials and window of opportunity for change.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a comparative case study approach. The cases are described through narratives on the basis of “grey” literature, i.e. documents from Swedish authorities in the form of evaluations, summaries from experience seminars, political decisions on the establishment of nature conservation or information material addressed to the public, and also media reporting.FindingsThe nature reserves will be reminiscent of the disasters since the natural regrowth will take decades but may also be accompanied by exhibitions in visitor centers, arts and plays, monuments and bureaucratic documents, all of which contribute to the memory. In all but one case, such artifacts are secondary in relation to the explicit goal of forest conservation. The local population's attitude to the reserve formation plays a big role for the plans to be implemented.Originality/valueFoundation of nature reserves in the immediate aftermath of a disaster may have different functions for actors, affected people and interested public; some are exemplified and discussed here.
Person-environment fit as a parsimonious framework to explain workplace bullying
Authors: Vandevelde Katrien , Baillien Elfi , Notelaers Guy 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study tested whether person-job fit (PJ-fit), person-group fit (PG-fit) and person-organization fit (PO-fit) relate to exposure to and enactment of workplace bullying (WB), mediated by strain and conflict.Design/methodology/approachData from 1,077 employees were analysed using multiple mediator structural equation modelling (Mplus 8.0).FindingsPJ-fit, PG-fit and PO-fit all related to WB. PG-fit accounted for most explained variance. PJ-fit, PG-fit and PO-fit related to bullying through strain; only PG-fit also related to bullying through conflict.Research limitations/implicationsPE-fit is valuable to parsimoniously investigate WB's multi-causal nature; and strain and conflict partially explain the associations. Future research may shed more light on the direction of these effects.Practical implicationsSo far, scholars assumed that job design prevents WB (work-environment hypothesis). This study revealed that prevention should also focus on the fit between employee and group/organization.Social implicationsWB has high societal costs. The authors introduce a new angle to WB prevention. To counteract WB, practitioners should also look at PJ-fit, PG-fit and PO-fit. This is not only important for recruitment, but also for tenured employees (e.g. because of changes in employees' needs, the job, the group or the organization).Originality/valueThis study was the first to investigate the multi-causal nature of both WB exposure and enactment, by applying the lens of PE-fit, and testing explanatory mechanisms.
Flattening the infection curve – understanding the role of telehealth in managing COVID-19
Authors: Leite Higor , Gruber Thorsten , Hodgkinson Ian R. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the strategic role of telehealth technologies in managing the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a viewpoint paper, based on opportune information published and discussed by scholars and managers from different sources; the authors gathered this information to discuss the implications of telehealth during the outbreak.

Findings
Based on examples and benchmarking, the authors found that it is possible to lean on telehealth technologies as a frontline ally to avoid the spread of the virus by tracking, testing and treating (3T’s model).

Research limitations/implications
Together with information published on COVID-19, the authors present their critical observations on the use of telehealth. However, the authors acknowledge that there are restrictions on the use of new technologies in health-care practices that were not addressed by this paper, and they suggest further research to address this limitation.

Practical implications
Governments, health-care organizations and managers are encouraged to take advantage of the information published in this paper. One of the benefits of telehealth is the possibility of bringing patients and physicians together virtually, without the need for physical contact. Henceforth, the authors suggest a more comprehensive implementation of best practices from telehealth to relieve congested health-care facilities and to avoid the risk of further infection.

Social implications
The economic and social impacts of the virus are considered unprecedented by governments worldwide. Therefore, the authors advocate that telehealth practices embedded in health-care practices relieve the pressure that naturally arise during this type of critical event.

Originality/value
In this timely paper, the authors provide invaluable information related to the impact of telehealth technologies on flattening the infection curve of COVID-19.
Brand trust and brand loyalty in mall shoppers
Authors: Atulkar Sunil 
Published: April 2020

PurposeIn today's competitive business environment the success of an organisation depends on its ability to create brand trust and loyalty in the customers. Therefore, the present study focusses on some major constructs of emotional attachment that help in creating brand trust and brand loyalty.Design/methodology/approachStructural equation modelling using SmartPLS 2.0 software has been utilised to analyse 332 mall shoppers' data from the age group between 16 and 30 years, as they are highly brand conscious and willing to purchase branded products.FindingsThis study findings show that brand loyalty is not only directly or indirectly influenced by emotional attachment antecedents such as perceived quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction and perceived differentiation but also directly affected by brand trust. Moderating analysis on different income group structures shows that the high-income group customer moderates the result findings, as he/she is highly brand conscious and loyal towards a particular brand.Research limitations/implicationsResearch outcome provides some valuable insights to the retailers for further expansion of consumer market by using various promotional programmes and strategies that focus on the emotional factors of the customer and generate strong brand attachment. This study also suggests some useful factors such as buying pattern, paying capacity and lifestyle, which the future researchers can focus.Practical implicationsThis study suggested that shopping mall retailers should try to increase customer involvement and perception towards the brand during shopping process and clearly differentiate their brand from competitive brands by showing why and how it is better than alternative brands.Originality/valueMajor contribution of this study is the empirical analysis of emotional attachment antecedents such as perceived quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction and perceived differentiation on brand trust and loyalty especially in emerging organised retail markets.
Community perceptions: procedural justice, legitimacy and body-worn cameras
Authors: Thompson Paige S. , Peterson Bryce E. , Lawrence Daniel S. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis paper explores community members' perceptions of the Milwaukee Police Department (MPD)'s body-worn camera (BWC) program, examining knowledge and support of the program and its impact on views of procedural justice and legitimacy.Design/methodology/approachA two-wave, online survey was administered to Milwaukee-area residents in the fall of 2017 and summer of 2018, yielding 1,527 respondents. Multivariate regression analyses focus on overall relationships between sociodemographic characteristics, community member knowledge of the program, procedural justice and legitimacy and support for BWCs.FindingsCommunity members are supportive of BWCs and view officers as procedurally just and legitimate; however, perceptions were significantly lower among Black respondents. Respondents with knowledge of the BWC program were more likely to view officers as procedurally just, but program knowledge did not increase support for it.Research limitations/implicationsPolice agencies may benefit from improving community awareness of their BWC program as knowledge of the program is positively linked to the views of departmental procedural justice and legitimacy. However, education efforts alone are not sufficient in improving police–community relations. Future research should examine how policing stakeholders can engage the community to build views of legitimacy associated with BWC policies.Originality/valueFindings provide insight into community member perceptions of a large BWC program in a major US city. Results demonstrate the relationship between knowledge of a department's BWC program and views of procedural justice and legitimacy and support for BWCs.
Do momentum and reversal strategies work in commodity futures? A comprehensive study
Authors: Zhang Hanxiong , Urquhart Andrew 
Published: April 2020

PurposeMotivated by the debate on the patterns and sources of commodity futures returns, this paper investigates the performance of three investment trading strategies, namely, the momentum strategy of Jegadeesh and Titman (1993), the 52-week high momentum strategy of George and Hwang (2004) and the pairs trading strategy of Gatev et al. (2006) in the commodity futures market.Design/methodology/approachThe three strategies are those given by Jegadeesh and Titman (1993), George and Hwang (2004) and Gatev et al. (2006), respectively.FindingsThe authors find that there is no significant reversal profit across 189 formation-holding windows for all the three strategies. However, there are statistical and economically significant momentum profits, and the profitability increases with the rising of formation-holding periods. Momentum returns are quite sensitive to market conditions but the crash of momentum returns is partly predictable. Return seasonality, risk and herding also provide partial explanation of the momentum profits.Originality/valueThe authors are the first to compare the performances of the pairs trading strategy of Gatev et al. (2006), the conventional momentum of Jegadeesh and Titman (1993), and the 52-week high momentum of George and Hwang (2004) under 189 formation-holding windows. Also, the authors are the first to investigate the association between herding behaviour and momentum returns in the commodity futures market.
Prey colonization in freshwater landscapes can be stimulated or inhibited by the proximity of remote predators
Authors: Turner Beth , Trekels Hendrik , Vandromme Mathil , Vanschoenwinkel Bram 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Recent findings suggest that the colonization of habitat patches may be affected by the quality of surrounding patches. For instance, patches that lack predators may be avoided when located near others with predators, a pattern known as risk contagion. Alternatively, predator avoidance might also redirect dispersal towards nearby predator‐free patches resulting in so‐called habitat compression. However, it is largely unknown how predators continue to influence these habitat selection behaviours at increasing distances from outside of their own habitat patch. In addition, current information is derived from artificial mesocosm experiments, while support from natural ecosystems is lacking.

This study used bromeliad landscapes as a natural model system to study how oviposition habitat selection of Diptera responds to the cues of a distant predator, the carnivorous elephant mosquito larva.

We established landscapes containing predator‐free bromeliad habitat patches placed at increasing distances from a predator‐containing patch, along with replicate control landscapes. These patches were then left to be colonized by ovipositing bromeliad insects.

We found that distance to predators modulates habitat selection decisions. Moreover, different dipteran families had different responses suggesting different habitat selection strategies. In some families, predator‐free patches at certain distances from the predator patch were avoided, confirming risk contagion. In other families, these patches received higher numbers of colonists providing evidence of predator‐induced habitat compression.

We confirm that effects of predators in a natural ecosystem can extend beyond the patch in which the predator is present and that the presence or absence of remote predator effects on habitat selection depends on the distance to predators. The notion that perceived habitat quality can depend on conditions in neighbouring patches forces habitat selection studies to adopt a landscape perspective and account for the effects of both present and remote predators when explaining community assembly in metacommunities.