bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of Shh signalling pathway in central nervous system development and related diseases
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Li Yunxiao , Li Shuanqing , Li Han , Yang Ciqing , Lin Juntang 
Published: August 2020

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) plays important roles in developmental of vertebrate animal central nervous system (CNS), and Gli is its downstream signal molecule. Shh signalling is essential for pattern formation, cell‐fate specification, axon guidance, proliferation, survival and differentiation of neurons in CNS development. The abnormal signalling pathway of Shh leads to the occurrence of many nervous system diseases. The mechanism of Shh signalling is complex and remains incompletely understood. Nevertheless, studies have revealed that Shh signalling pathway is classified into canonical and non‐canonical pathways. Here we review the role of the Shh signalling pathway and its impact in CNS development and related diseases. Specifically, we discuss the role of Shh in the spinal cord and brain development, cell differentiation and proliferation in CNS and related diseases such as brain tumour, Parkinson's diseases, epilepsy, autism, depression and traumatic brain injury. We also highlight future directions of research that could help to clarify the mechanisms and consequences of Shh signalling in the process of CNS development and related diseases.Significance of the studyThis review summarized the role of Shh signalling pathway in CNS development and related diseases such as brain tumour, Parkinson's diseases, epilepsy, autism, depression and traumatic brain injury. It also presented the author's opinions on the future research direction of Shh signalling pathway.
Hot topics in interventional cardiology: Proceedings from the society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions 2020 think tank
Authors: Naidu Srihari S. , Coylewright Megan , Hawkins Beau M. , Meraj Perwaiz , Morray Brian H. , Devireddy Chandan , Ing Frank , Klein Andrew J. , Seto Arnold H. , Grines Cindy L. , Henry Timothy D. , Rao Sunil V. , Duffy Peter L. , Amin Zahid , Aronow Herbert D. , Box Lyndon C. , Caputo Ronald P. , Cigarroa Joaquin E. , Cox David A. , Daniels Matthew J. , Elmariah Sammy , Fagan Thomas E. , Feldman Dmitriy N. , Forbes Thomas J. , Hermiller James B. , Herrmann Howard C. , Hijazi Ziyad M. , Jeremias Allen , Kavinsky Clifford J. , Latif Faisal , Parikh Sahil A. , Reilly John , Rosenfield Kenneth , Swaminathan Rajesh V. , Szerlip Molly , Yakubov Steve J. , Zahn Evan M. , Mahmud Ehtisham ,   SCAI 2020 Think Tank Consortium: David Baker, Bhavsar Sonya S. , Blumenthal Tico , Boutin Ellie , Camp Callie A. , Cromer Ashlie E. , Dineen Declan , Dunham Dustin , Emanuele Susan , Ferguson Robert , Govender Devi , Haaf Joel , Hite Denise , Hughes Thomas , Laschinger John , Leigh Scotti‐Marie , Lombardi Lois , McCoy Patrick , McLean Frankie , Meikle Joie , Nicolosi Mary , O'Brien James , Palmer Ryan J. , Patarca Roberto , Pierce Valerie , Polk Bucky , Prince Brett , Rangwala Novena , Roman Dana , Ryder Ken , Tolve Mercy H. , Vang Eric , Venditto John , Verderber Paula , Watson Nancy , White Shinikequa , Williams David M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions (SCAI) think tank is a collaborative venture that brings together interventional cardiologists, administrative partners, and select members of the cardiovascular industry community for high‐level field‐wide discussions. The 2020 think tank was organized into four parallel sessions reflective of the field of interventional cardiology: (a) coronary intervention, (b) endovascular medicine, (c) structural heart disease, and (d) congenital heart disease (CHD). Each session was moderated by a senior content expert and co‐moderated by a member of SCAI's emerging leader mentorship program. This document presents the proceedings to the wider cardiovascular community in order to enhance participation in this discussion, create additional dialogue from a broader base, and thereby aid SCAI and the industry community in developing specific action items to move these areas forward.
Emerging catalysis in biomass valorisation: simple Zn(II) catalysts for fatty acids esterification and transesterification
Authors: Esposito Roberto , Melchiorre Massimo , Annunziata Alfonso , Cucciolito Maria Elena , Ruffo Francesco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe growing concern about global warming and the consumption of fossil fuels has driven in recent decades the use of biomass as a renewable feedstock. In this context, vegetable oils, the corresponding fatty acids (FAs) and esters (FAEs) have primary importance: their esterification and transesterification lead to innovative products, that find application in several sectors, from biofuels to solvents, from surfactants to cosmetic ingredients and plasticizers. Lewis acid catalysis represents the most accredited methodology for developing processes of esterification and transesterification in line with sustainability requirements. The results available so far reveal the prevalent catalytic role of Zn(II) salts and coordination compounds, due to their beneficial eco‐toxicological profile, combined with an appropriate acidity, finely tunable through selective functionalization. This review provides a picture of the state of the art in this important sector of biomass valorization.
Iridium/Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative C−H/O−H Annulation of Benzoic Acids with Saturated Ketones for Accessing 3‐Substituted Phthalides
Authors: Wang Rui , Xu Hongyan , Li Tingting , Zhang Ying , Wang Shoufeng , Chen Guozhu , Li Cuncheng , Zhao Huaiqing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA catalytic annulation cascade is achieved that affords an efficient access to phthalides from readily available benzoic acids and saturated ketones. The reaction is catalyzed by a bimetallic Ir/Cu system and proceeds via the combination of Cu‐catalyzed dehydrogenation of ketones and Ir‐catalyzed direct C−H functionalization under the assistance of the weakly coordinating carboxyl followed by the β−H elimination and intramolecular Michael addition. This method shows a broad scope of substrates and good functional group tolerance. The protocol furnishes an alternative strategy for the construction of diverse 3‐substituted phthalides.
Was macht Düngemittel in 18 km Höhe?
Authors: Höpfner Michael , Borrmann Stephan , Ungermann Jörn , Wagner Robert 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungAmmoniak (NH3) ist das wichtigste basische Spurengas in der Atmosphäre. Durch die enormen Steigerungen seiner Produktion in den letzten gut 100 Jahren greift es zunehmend in den Stickstoffkreislauf des Erdsystems ein. NH3 bildet in der Atmosphäre Ammoniumnitrat (AN) und Ammoniumsulfat (AS) in Form von Aerosolpartikeln. Bisher waren diese nur als wichtige Komponente von Feinstaub in den unteren Atmosphärenschichten bekannt. Wir konnten durch Satelliten‐ und Flugzeugmessungen zeigen, dass NH3 und AN‐Partikel während des asiatischen Monsuns bis in Höhen von 18 km vom östlichen Mittelmeer bis zum westlichen Pazifik zu finden sind. Landwirtschaftliche Aktivitäten in Gebieten von Nordindien und Pakistan führen zu hohen bodennahen Konzentrationen von NH3, welches durch mächtige Gewitterwolken während des Monsuns bis in große Höhen verfrachtet wird und zur Bildung von AN beiträgt. Zusammen mit Labormessungen konnten wir nachweisen, dass entgegen bisheriger Annahmen die AN‐Partikel als feste Salzkristalle statt als wässrige Lösungströpfchen vorliegen. Um diese Kristallisation hervorzurufen, waren leichte Verunreinigungen mit AS notwendig. Im Vergleich zu flüssigen Tröpfchen sind feste AN‐Partikel viel bessere Nukleationskeime für Eisteilchen bei Temperaturen unterhalb von 230 K. Hierdurch können sie erheblichen Einfluss auf die Bildung von Zirruswolken und deren mikrophysikalische Eigenschaften haben und somit für den Strahlungshaushalt der Atmosphäre von großer Bedeutung sein.
Synthesis of α‐Ketoamide‐Based Stereoselective Calpain‐1 Inhibitors as Neuroprotective Agents
Authors: Jastaniah Ammar , Gaisina Irina N. , Knopp Rachel C. , Thatcher Gregory R. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCalpain inhibitors have been proposed as drug candidates for neurodegenerative disorders, with ABT‐957 entering clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. The structure of ABT‐957 was very recently disclosed, and trials were terminated owing to inadequate CNS concentrations to obtain a pharmacodynamic effect. The multistep synthesis of an α‐ketoamide peptidomimetic inhibitor series potentially including ABT‐957 was optimized to yield diastereomerically pure compounds that are potent and selective for calpain‐1 over papain and cathepsins B and K. As the final oxidation step, with its optimized synthesis protocol, does not alter the configuration of the substrate, the synthesis of the diastereomeric pair (R)‐1‐benzyl‐N‐((S)‐4‐((4‐fluorobenzyl)amino)‐3,4‐dioxo‐1‐phenylbutan‐2‐yl)‐5‐oxopyrrolidine‐2‐carboxamide (1 c) and (R)‐1‐benzyl‐N‐((R)‐4‐((4‐fluorobenzyl)amino)‐3,4‐dioxo‐1‐phenylbutan‐2‐yl)‐5‐oxopyrrolidine‐2‐carboxamide (1 g) was feasible. This allowed the exploration of stereoselective inhibition of calpain‐1, with 1 c (IC50=78 nM) being significantly more potent than 1 g. Moreover, inhibitor 1 c restored cognitive function in amnestic mice.
Acrylic Polymers Containing a Nickel Salphen Complex: An Approach to Supramolecular and Macromolecular Systems
Authors: Zelada‐Guillén Gustavo A. , Hernández‐Pacheco Paulina , Romero‐Ávila Margarita , Cañas‐Alonso Roberto Carlos , Flores‐Álamo Marcos , Escárcega‐Bobadilla Martha V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization and crystallographic analysis is reported of a new Nickel Salphen complex and its radical copolymerization with n‐butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate to produce novel host macromolecules with tunable association against guest anions. Spectrophotometric titrations of the complex and of the polymers revealed that a supramolecular regulation of guest‐binding accessibility was enabled by the number of Ni‐Salphen units per chain. The latter content in turn, determined the chain size and molecular weight uniformity upon polymerization, and likely increased the strength in interchain/intrachain non‐covalent interactions over the nickel center and the acrylic domains. The study also showed that incorporation of the monomer into the acrylic polymer backbone opened the possibility for the nickel binding site to gain access to host:guest stoichiometric discrimination, switching from 1 : 1 (major) and 1 : 2 (minor) both coexisting for the host when in the free form, to mostly 1 : 2 when in the polymerized version.
ARMS TaqMan real‐time PCR for genotyping factor V Leiden mutation in Han Chinese
Authors: Yu Pan , Dai Yibei , Dong Jiantao , Zhang Luyan , Ping Ying , Wang Xuchu , Wang Danhua , Tao Zhihua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFactor V Leiden (FVLeiden) is a missense mutation of 1691 position (G1691A) in exon 10 of FV gene, and being a genetic risk for venous thrombosis. Currently, there are several PCR‐based methods for detecting FVLeiden mutation; however, these methods have disadvantages such as time‐consuming, cumbersome steps and potentially hazardous gels. The aims of present study were to develop a simple, time‐saving, accurate, and gel‐free method, called amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) TaqMan real‐time PCR, for detecting FVLeiden mutation. We severally designed two specific reverse primers for mutant and wild‐type through intentional introduction of mismatched nucleotide at the penultimate 3′ position. Although target amplicon amplification efficiency is reduced, but another corresponding amplicon is almost completely inhibited. Then, specific TaqMan‐probe was designed to detect target amplicon. Established method was used to detect 500 unselected samples in Han Chinese, the results showed 499 cases of wild‐type and one heterozygote. Afterward, 50 randomly picked wild‐type cases and one heterozygote were reexamined by bidirectional DNA sequencing, which is considered as “Gold standard method.” Exhilaratingly, the results detected by the two methods were completely consistent. At last, allelic frequency of FVLeiden was calculated the in Han Chinese. Given the above results, A FVLeiden heterozygote has been found in 500 random samples in Han Chinese, and the allelic frequency was 0.1%. In conclusion, the ARMS TaqMan real‐time PCR is an ideal detecting system for genotyping FVLeiden mutation in clinical application, and FVLeiden mutation exists in Han Chinese despite extremely low prevalence.
Outpatient therapy for adult anorexia nervosa: Early weight gain trajectories and outcome
Authors: Wade Tracey D. , Allen Karina , Crosby Ross D. , Fursland Anthea , Hay Phillipa , McIntosh Virginia , Touyz Stephen , Schmidt Ulrike , Treasure Janet , Byrne Susan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to identify latent classes of trajectory of change in body mass index (BMI) between the initial and thirteenth session of outpatient treatment for adult anorexia nervosa and identify the association with outcome.MethodParticipants (n = 120) were randomised to one of three outpatient therapies.ResultsFour latent classes were identified; two classes (higher, rapid and higher, moderate) had BMI > 17 kg/m2 at initial assessment, and both gained significantly more weight over the 13 sessions compared to the other two classes. The third and fourth classes (middle, stable and low, stable) had an initial BMI of 16.44 and 15.31, respectively, and neither gained weight over the first 13 sessions. Compared to the other three classes, the higher, rapid class (N = 19, 16%) showed a significantly greater BMI increase over the first 13 sessions of therapy and a significantly higher rate of remission at end of treatment and 12‐month follow‐up (18–22 months post‐randomisation).ConclusionsThe group with the greatest early weight gain had significantly higher levels of remission. Higher BMI at baseline without substantial early weight gain was insufficient to produce higher levels of remission than those with lower weight at baseline.
Amphitheatre‐headed canyons of Southern Utah: Stratigraphic control of canyon morphology
Authors: Ryan Andrew J. , Whipple Kelin X. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAmphitheatre‐headed canyons are common on Earth and Mars and researchers have long sought to draw inferences about canyon‐forming processes from the morphology of canyon heads and associated knickpoints, often suggesting that amphitheatre heads indicate erosion by groundwater seepage erosion. However, the conditions and processes that lead to amphitheatre‐headed canyon formation have been debated for many years. We consider two hypotheses that attribute the amphitheatre‐headed canyon formation to fluvial erosion of strong‐over‐weak stratigraphy or, alternatively, groundwater spring discharge and seepage erosion. A spatial analysis of canyon‐form distribution with respect to local stratigraphy along the Escalante River and on Tarantula Mesa, Utah indicates that canyon form is most closely related to variations in local sedimentary rock strata, rather than inferred groundwater spring intensity. Lateral facies variations that affect the continuity of strong layers can induce or disrupt the formation of amphitheatres. Furthermore, we find that amphitheatre retreat rate is dictated by the interaction of fluvial processes downstream of the amphitheatre headwalls and stratigraphy, rather than waterfall and groundwater processes that likely importantly influence headwall form. We conclude that fluvial erosion of strong‐over‐weak stratigraphic layering alone is sufficient to form amphitheatres at knickpoints and canyon heads. Thus, we re‐affirm that formation process should not be inferred from canyon‐head morphology, particularly where a strong‐over‐weak layering is known or plausible. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing Trace Element Bioaccumulation and Depuration in Snails and Mayfly Nymphs at a Coal Ash–Contaminated Site
Authors: Pouil Simon , Jones Nikki J. , Smith John G. , Mandal Shovon , Griffiths Natalie A. , Mathews Teresa J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We examined the bioaccumulation of essential (Cu, Fe, Se, and Zn) and nonessential (As and Hg) trace elements in 2 aquatic invertebrate species (adult snails and mayfly nymphs) with different feeding habits at the site of a coal ash spill. Differences in food web pathway, exposure concentrations, and biological processing affected bioaccumulation patterns in these species. Mayflies had higher body burdens, but snails had higher retention of most elements studied. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2437–2449. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
Trace element bioaccumulation and depuration rates in mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia bilineata) and adult silty horn snails (Pleurocera canaliculatum) collected from upstream (reference) and downstream (ash-affected) from the site of the Tennessee Valley Authority's coal ash spill in Kingston, Tennessee, USA.
Consumers preferences on nutritional attributes of dairy‐alternative beverages: hedonic pricing models
Authors: Yang Tingyi , Dharmasena Senarath 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDairy products, especially milk play a crucial role in assuring dietary quality for U.S. households. However, due to taste, nutrition, health and environmental concerns, households increasingly prefer to consume dairy alternative beverages instead of conventional milk in the U.S. This work is motivated by the need to take into consideration of intrinsic characteristics and differences of such characteristics when analyzing the changes of consumers' purchasing behavior of and willingness to pay for dairy alternative beverages and conventional milk products. After aggregating and organizing the purchase data of Nielsen Homescan and first‐hand nutrition data, this study estimates both linear and semi‐log hedonic pricing models. The results show that consumers exert the highest weights and assign highest evaluation on such qualitative characteristic as nutritional attributes which include calories, protein, fat, vitamin A and vitamin D in which protein is the most valued attribute and other characteristics such as package size, multi pack and brand. The hedonic pricing order and value of these qualitative characteristic are indicative of consumers' purchasing behavior and thus provide essential information for manufacturers to better differentiated their products and develop products catering to consumer's preferred attributes.
Frequency‐dependent functional connectivity in resting state networks
Authors: Samogin Jessica , Marino Marco , Porcaro Camillo , Wenderoth Nicole , Dupont Patrick , Swinnen Stephan P. , Mantini Dante 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging studies have documented the resting human brain to be functionally organized in multiple large‐scale networks, called resting‐state networks (RSNs). Other brain imaging techniques, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), have been used for investigating the electrophysiological basis of RSNs. To date, it is largely unclear how neural oscillations measured with EEG and MEG are related to functional connectivity in the resting state. In addition, it remains to be elucidated whether and how the observed neural oscillations are related to the spatial distribution of the network nodes over the cortex. To address these questions, we examined frequency‐dependent functional connectivity between the main nodes of several RSNs, spanning large part of the cortex. We estimated connectivity using band‐limited power correlations from high‐density EEG data collected in healthy participants. We observed that functional interactions within RSNs are characterized by a specific combination of neuronal oscillations in the alpha (8–13 Hz), beta (13–30 Hz), and gamma (30–80 Hz) bands, which highly depend on the position of the network nodes. This finding may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms through which neural oscillations support functional connectivity in the brain.
The American Joint Committee on Cancer staging for metastatic head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A multi‐institutional study of within‐stage heterogeneity and impact on prognostic performance
Authors: Ebrahimi Ardalan , Luk Peter P. , Low Hubert , McDowell Lachlan , Magarey Matthew J. R. , Smith Paul N. , Perriman Diana M. , Shadbolt Bruce , Veness Michael , Gupta Ruta , Clark Jonathan R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging for head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC) stratifies risk poorly. We hypothesized that this results from prognostic heterogeneity within N and TNM groups.MethodsRetrospective analysis of disease‐specific survival (DSS) in a multicenter study of 1146 patients with nodal metastases from HNcSCC.ResultsThe majority of patients were classified as pN2a or pN3b (83.1%) and TNM stage IV (90.6%). On multivariate analysis, there was statistically significant prognostic heterogeneity within these groups based on the number and size of nodal metastases, immunosuppression, and perineural invasion. When stage IV patients were categorized into low, moderate, and high‐risk groups based on adverse features, there was wide variation in prognosis with 5‐year DSS ranging from 90% to 60% (P < .001).ConclusionsThe AJCC staging system stratifies risk poorly in HNcSCC due to significant prognostic heterogeneity within pN2a, pN3b, and stage IV groups.
Predictors of falls in patients during the first year after total hip arthroplasty: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ninomiya Kazunari , Takahira Naonobu , Ikeda Takashi , Suzuki Koji , Sato Ryoji , Hirakawa Kazuo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and PurposeSince falls after total hip arthroplasty (THA) cause severe complications such as dislocation and fractures around the femoral stem, it is important to investigate what factors predict of falls. Thus, investigating predictors of falls in patients waiting for THA would be valuable as it lead to more strategic interventions to prevent these problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictors of falls in patients during the first year after THA.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study. A total of 157 patients who underwent THA for unilateral hip osteoarthritis were analyzed. The incidence of falls during the first year after THA was monitored, and patients were classified into a “faller” and “non‐faller” group. The following factors were compared between the two groups: demographic data (age, sex, body mass index, leg length discrepancy, length of hospital stay, and history of falling), preoperative hip abductor muscle strength, functional performance (single leg stance and maximum walking speed), pain during walking, and physical activity.ResultsOn multivariate logistic regression analysis, preoperative hip abductor muscle strength on the affected side and a history of falling were predictors of falls during the first year after THA. On subsequent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, preoperative hip abductor muscle strength on the affected side was retained as a significant predictor, with a cut‐off strength of 0.46 Nm/kg differentiating the faller and non‐faller groups with a specificity of 73.6%, specificity of 50.0%, and area under the curve of 70.2%.ConclusionsFinding from the present study suggested that clinicians should focus on low preoperative hip abductor muscle strength on the affected side and a history of falling to prevent falls during the first year after THA.