bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation of the fungus Atkinsonella hypoxylon infecting poverty oat grass
Authors: Warnke Scott E. , Thammina Chandra S. , Amundsen Keenan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPoverty oat grass [Danthonia spicata (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.] is a perennial bunch‐type grass native to North America. Poverty oat grass is often present in managed turfgrass areas of the United States where cool‐season grasses are adapted and has potential for development as a seeded low‐input turfgrass option. Naturally occurring poverty oat grass plants occasionally exhibit choke on the flowering stems because of a proliferation of fungal hyphae by the ascomycete Atkinsonella hypoxylon (Peck) Diehl. (family Clavicipitaceae). Twenty‐five A. hypoxylon isolates were cultured from choke‐exhibiting poverty oat grass plants collected from five different populations. DNA variation was evaluated at the 5.8S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) first (ITS‐1) and second (ITS‐2) regions and 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ITS‐1 region and an addition–deletion in the ITS‐2 region identified two isolate groups present in four of the five populations. The 10 SSR loci exhibited 28 scorable alleles and support the two groupings with variation appearing as random mutations and high linkage disequilibrium providing no evidence for sexual recombination within or between the two identified groups.
Baseline serum albumin and its dynamic change is associated with type 2 diabetes risk: A large cohort study in China
Authors: Hu Fulan , Lou Yanmei , Shi Jing , Cao Liming , Wang Changyi , Ma Jianping , Peng Xiaolin , Xu Shan , Chen Hongen , Zhao Dan , Zhao Yang , Guo Chunmei , Liu Dechen , Zhou Qionggui , Li Quanman , Liu Feiyan , Tian Gang , Wu Xiaoyan , Qie Ranran , Han Minghui , Huang Shengbing , Zhao Ping , Zhang Ming , Hu Dongsheng , Qin Pei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe study aimed to investigate the associations of baseline serum albumin level and its dynamic change with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in a large Chinese cohort study.MethodsThis cohort study included 30 442 adults without T2DM at first entry, who completed at least one follow‐up of annual examinations between 2009 and 2016. Serum albumin level was measured at baseline and at every annual check‐up. The dynamic change in serum albumin level (∆ALB) was calculated by subtracting serum albumin level at baseline from that at the last follow‐up. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with Cox regression models.ResultsDuring 7 years of follow‐up, we identified 1634 T2DM events. From the lowest to the highest quartile of serum albumin level, adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 1.00 (reference), 0.96 (0.94, 1.01), 0.98 (0.95, 1.02) and 0.88 (0.85, 0.98), respectively. As compared with stable change in serum albumin (−0.2 ≤ ∆ALB <1.0 g/L), the risk of T2DM increased for ∆ALB < −2.0 g/L (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.24‐1.68) and decreased for ∆ALB ≥3.0 g/L (0.81, 0.68‐0.97) after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Restricted cubic splines showed a linear dose‐response association between baseline serum albumin level and T2DM risk (Pnonlinearity 0.715) and a nonlinear dose‐response association between ∆ALB and T2DM risk (Pnonlinearity 0.011).ConclusionsBaseline serum albumin level appears to be inversely associated with T2DM risk. Adults with reduced serum albumin level could be early identified for diabetes risk in clinical practice.
S1PR4‐dependent CCL2 production promotes macrophage recruitment in a murine psoriasis model
Authors: Schuster Christian , Huard Arnaud , Sirait‐Fischer Evelyn , Dillmann Christina , Brüne Bernhard , Weigert Andreas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe sphingolipid sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) fulfills distinct functions in immune cell biology via binding to five G protein‐coupled receptors. The immune cell‐specific sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 4 (S1pr4) was connected to the generation of IL‐17‐producing T cells through regulation of cytokine production in innate immune cells. Therefore, we explored whether S1pr4 affected imiquimod‐induced murine psoriasis via regulation of IL‐17 production. We did not observe altered IL‐17 production, although psoriasis severity was reduced in S1pr4‐deficient mice. Instead, ablation of S1pr4 attenuated the production of CCL2, IL‐6, and CXCL1 and subsequently reduced the number of infiltrating monocytes and granulocytes. A connection between S1pr4, CCL2, and Mϕ infiltration was also observed in Zymosan‐A induced peritonitis. Boyden chamber migration assays functionally linked reduced CCL2 production in murine skin and attenuated monocyte migration when S1pr4 was lacking. Mechanistically, S1pr4 signaling synergized with TLR signaling in resident Mϕs to produce CCL2, likely via the NF‐κB pathway. We propose that S1pr4 activation enhances TLR response of resident Mϕs to increase CCL2 production, which attracts further Mϕs. Thus, S1pr4 may be a target to reduce perpetuating inflammatory responses.
Biodistribution and toxicity of epitope‐functionalized dextran iron oxide nanoparticles in a pregnant murine model
Authors: Bolandparvaz Amir , Vapniarsky Natalia , Harriman Rian , Alvarez Kenneth , Saini Jasmeen , Zang Zexi , Van De Water Judy , Lewis Jamal S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn pursuit of a preventive therapeutic for maternal autoantibody‐related (MAR) autism, we assessed the toxicity, biodistribution, and clearance of a MAR specific peptide‐functionalized dextran iron oxide nanoparticle system in pregnant murine dams. We previously synthesized ~15 nm citrate‐coated dextran iron oxide nanoparticles (DIONPs), surface‐modified with polyethylene glycol and MAR peptides to produce systems for nanoparticle‐based autoantibody reception and entrapments (SNAREs). First, we investigated their immunogenicity and MAR lactate dehydrogenase B antibody uptake in murine serum in vitro. To assess biodistribution and toxicity, as well as systemic effects, we performed in vivo clinical and post mortem pathological evaluations. We observed minimal production of inflammatory cytokines—interleukin 10 (IL‐10) and IL‐12 following in vitro exposure of macrophages to SNAREs. We established the maximum tolerated dose of SNAREs to be 150 mg/kg at which deposition of iron was evident in the liver and lungs by histology and magnetic resonance imaging but no concurrent evidence of liver toxicity or lung infarction was detected. Further, SNAREs exhibited slower clearance from the maternal blood in pregnant dams compared to DIONPs based on serum total iron concentration. These findings demonstrated that the SNAREs have a prolonged presence in the blood and are safe for use in pregnant mice as evidenced by no associated organ damage, failure, inflammation, and fetal mortality. Determination of the MTD dose sets the basis for future studies investigating the efficacy of our nanoparticle formulation in a MAR autism mouse model.
A multi‐model analysis of the East Asian monsoon changes in the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age
Authors: Yang Kaiqing , Hua Wei , Hu Qin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUsing nine climate model simulations from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 3, the changes in the East Asian summer and winter monsoon, together with their associated atmospheric circulations in the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA), were investigated in this study. The East Asian summer monsoon strengthened (weakened) as a consequence of the increased (decreased) land–sea thermal contrast between the East Asian continent and the adjacent western North Pacific and South China Sea in the MCA (LIA). The East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) changes varied across models, and differences were shown between the low latitudes and mid‐to‐high latitudes of the EAWM region. In the northern area, the EAWM intensified slightly due to a reinforced Aleutian Low during the MCA and decreased slightly because of the suppression of the Siberian High and the weakening and northward shift of the Aleutian Low during the LIA. In contrast, there are large inconsistencies among models during both periods in the southern EAWM region. Our results imply that model improvement is needed to reproduce the complex interacting processes over the low latitudes of East Asia.
Sensory and monosaccharide analysis of drip brew coffee fractions versus brewing time
Authors: Batali Mackenzie E , Frost Scott C , Lebrilla Carlito B , Ristenpart William D , Guinard Jean‐Xavier 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe composition of drip brew coffee versus brewing time has been chemically characterized in previous studies, and it is known that the total dissolved solids (TDS) systematically decreases with each fraction during the brew. Little information exists regarding the corresponding sensory attributes versus time, however, and it is unclear how TDS correlates with flavor profile.RESULTSStandard drip brews were fractionated into distinct samples by switching in an empty carafe every 30 s during the brew. Using a trained sensory descriptive panel, we found that most taste and flavor attributes decreased with brew time; for example, the earlier fractions were systematically more bitter and more sour than later fractions. Surprisingly, however, several flavor and taste attributes increased in time; for example, later fractions were systematically sweeter and more floral than earlier fractions. Since later fractions had lower TDS, these results indicate that perceived sweetness in drip brew coffee is negatively correlated with TDS. Mass spectrometry measurements of the monosaccharide content in the brews showed that none of the fractions had perceptible concentrations of any monosaccharide.CONCLUSIONThe results of the sensory analysis and the monosaccharide analysis suggest that perceptible sweetness in coffee is a consequence of masking effects and/or the presence of sweet‐associated aromas and flavors. The results further suggest that unique flavor profiles could be obtained from the same coffee grounds by judicious combinations of specific fractions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Parallel Laser Micro/Nano‐Processing for Functional Device Fabrication
Authors: Li Yang , Hong Minghui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhotolithography is one of the most commonly used techniques in semiconductor manufacturing, which is the foundation for all the modern electronic device fabrication. However, deep and extreme ultraviolet lithographic systems as well as the corresponding photomasks are both relatively expensive. The fabrication methods are based on the low‐speed high‐cost electron‐beam lithography or focused‐ion‐beam etching. Therefore, a maskless high‐speed method is highly recommended for the micro/nano‐structure fabrication. Among all these maskless methods, direct laser writing (DLW) is an important and widely adopted micro‐processing technique. Based on the nonlinear exposure, the feature size can achieve down to tens of nanometers. However, the speed of DLW is a technical bottleneck. To overcome this issue, parallel DLW methods are developed, including the self‐assembly microspheres laser patterning, laser interference lithography, and multifocal array DLW. Herein, the principles, advantages, challenges, and applications of these parallel processing technologies are summarized. Nanoscale resolution for large area arbitrary periodic pattern fabrication is achieved. Meanwhile, these technologies have the unique ability to build 3D structures instead of conventional 2D patterns, which is the direction of future micro/nano‐fabrication. These techniques are widely applied to surface processing and functional device fabrication in the field of sensing, solar cells, and metamaterials.
Determination and assessment of fatigue stresses on concrete bridges
Authors: Hansen Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDynamic loads reduce the load bearing capacity and the service life of structural components and constructions. This article discusses fatigue stresses and their effects on uncracked concrete structures using the example of concrete bridges. In standard proofs, a distinction is made between the stresses on and the resistance of structural components. Thus, first the determination of the damage‐equivalent stresses on constructions will be considered. Subsequently, the resistance of construction materials, structural components, and the whole construction has to be determined. Based on these input data for the verification, the load bearing capacity and service life under fatigue loading shall be assessed.
Dysphasia is associated with diffusion-weighted MRI abnormalities in patients with transient neurological symptoms
Authors: Jia Zejin , Song Yangguang , Hu Wenli 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The clinical characteristics of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) abnormalities after transient neurological symptoms are of great significance for the early diagnosis and urgent intervention of transient ischemic attack (TIA). This study was aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics associated with acute DWI lesions in transient neurological symptoms.

Methods
We retrospectively recruited 302 patients with transient neurological symptoms. According to DWI findings, they were divided into DWI positive and DWI negative group. The clinical characteristics and the TIA-related scores such as ABCD2, ABCD3, ABCD3I, Dawson score, and the Diagnosis of TIA (DOT) score were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify the independent factors and compare the predictive value of different TIA scores for acute DWI lesions.

Results
A total of 302 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 61.8 years, and 67.2% were male. We found 89 (29.5%) patients with DWI positivity. Logistic regression analysis showed the characteristic associated with DWI lesions was dysphasia (OR 2.226, 95% CI 1.220–4.062). The area under the curve for Dawson score and the DOT score was 0.610 (95% CI 0.543–0.678) and 0.625 (95% CI 0.559–0.691), respectively.

Conclusion
We found that DWI lesions were detected in 29.5% of patients with transient neurological symptoms and were associated with dysphasia. Dawson score and DOT score could have a higher predictability of DWI lesions in patients with transient neurological symptoms.
Fluid–Structure Interaction Models of Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Dynamics in an Experimental Pulse Duplicator
Authors: Lee Jae H. , Rygg Alex D. , Kolahdouz Ebrahim M. , Rossi Simone , Retta Stephen M. , Duraiswamy Nandini , Scotten Lawrence N. , Craven Brent A. , Griffith Boyce E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractComputer modeling and simulation is a powerful tool for assessing the performance of medical devices such as bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) that promises to accelerate device design and regulation. This study describes work to develop dynamic computer models of BHVs in the aortic test section of an experimental pulse-duplicator platform that is used in academia, industry, and regulatory agencies to assess BHV performance. These computational models are based on a hyperelastic finite element extension of the immersed boundary method for fluid–structure interaction (FSI). We focus on porcine tissue and bovine pericardial BHVs, which are commonly used in surgical valve replacement. We compare our numerical simulations to experimental data from two similar pulse duplicators, including a commercial ViVitro system and a custom platform related to the ViVitro pulse duplicator. Excellent agreement is demonstrated between the computational and experimental results for bulk flow rates, pressures, valve open areas, and the timing of valve opening and closure in conditions commonly used to assess BHV performance. In addition, reasonable agreement is demonstrated for quantitative measures of leaflet kinematics under these same conditions. This work represents a step towards the experimental validation of this FSI modeling platform for evaluating BHVs.
Seismic characterization of a rapidly-rising jökulhlaup cycle at the A.P. Olsen Ice Cap, NE-Greenland
Authors: Behm Michael , Walter Jacob I. , Binder Daniel , Cheng Feng , Citterio Michele , Kulessa Bernd , Langley Kirsty , Limpach Phillipe , Mertl Stefan , Schöner Wolfgang , Tamstorf Mikkel , Weyss Gernot 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRapidly-rising jökulhlaups, or glacial outburst floods, are a phenomenon with a high potential for damage. The initiation and propagation processes of a rapidly-rising jökulhlaup are still not fully understood. Seismic monitoring can contribute to an improved process understanding, but comprehensive long-term seismic monitoring campaigns capturing the dynamics of a rapidly-rising jökulhlaup have not been reported so far. To fill this gap, we installed a seismic network at the marginal, ice-dammed lake of the A.P. Olsen Ice Cap (APO) in NE-Greenland. Episodic outbursts from the lake cause flood waves in the Zackenberg river, characterized by a rapid discharge increase within a few hours. Our 6 months long seismic dataset comprises the whole fill-and-drain cycle of the ice-dammed lake in 2012 and includes one of the most destructive floods recorded so far for the Zackenberg river. Seismic event detection and localization reveals abundant surface crevassing and correlates with changes of the river discharge. Seismic interferometry suggests the existence of a thin basal sedimentary layer. We show that the ballistic part of the first surface waves can potentially be used to infer medium changes in both the ice body and the basal layer. Interpretation of time-lapse interferograms is challenged by a varying ambient noise source distribution.
Posivotes, recommandations et autres «j'aime» : les heuristiques numériques d'acceptabilité sociale comme vecteur d'homogénéisation en contexte délibératif
Authors: Duguay Philippe A. 
Published: February 2020

RésuméMobilisant un sondage avec un devis expérimental, cet article cherche à comprendre l'effet que peuvent avoir les heuristiques numériques d'acceptabilité sociale sur la capacité de convaincre. L'expérience expose les répondants à un article de nouvelle sur les réfugiés syriens et irakiens et, selon le traitement, à un fil de discussion comprenant différentes heuristiques numériques d'acceptabilité sociale. L’étude démontre que la présence d'un fil de discussion modifie l'effet à court terme que peut avoir l'article d'actualité initial et démontre également et surtout la façon dont les heuristiques numériques d'acceptabilité sociale ont un effet d'amplification sur la capacité de convaincre et les émotions évoquées par les commentaires. Chaque unité d'heuristique ou chaque recommandation n'augmente pas nécessairement d'autant le pouvoir de convaincre des commentaires associés et, pour les commentaires que les individus ne sont pas prédisposés à appuyer, servent plutôt à consolider les attitudes préexistantes et à polariser.
DOMESTICATION, DEGENERATION, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ADDO ELEPHANT NATIONAL PARK IN SOUTH AFRICA, 1910s–1930s
Authors: SKOTNES-BROWN JULES 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article examines conflict between farmers and elephants in the Addo region in 1910s–1930s South Africa to explore the porosity of the concepts ‘wild’, ‘tame’, and ‘domestic’, and their relationship to race, degeneration, nature conservation, and colonialism. In the 1910s, settler farmers indicted the ‘Addo Elephants’, as ‘vicious’ thieves who raided crops and ‘hunted’ farmers. This view conflicted with a widespread perception of elephants as docile, sagacious, and worthy of protection. Seeking to reconcile these views, bureaucrats were divided between exterminating the animals, creating a game reserve, and drawing upon the expertise of Indianmahoutsto domesticate them. Ultimately, all three options were attempted: the population was decimated by hunter Phillip Jacobus Pretorius, an elephant reserve was created, the animals were tamed to ‘lose their fear of man’ and fed oranges. Despite the presence of tame elephants and artificial feeding, the reserve was publicized as a natural habitat, and a window onto the prehistoric. This was not paradoxical but provokes a need to rethink the relationship between wildness, tameness, and domesticity. These concepts were not implicitly opposed but existed on a spectrum paralleling imperialist hierarchies of civilization, race, and evolution, upon which tame elephants could still be considered wild.
Impact of environmental temperature on production traits in pigs
Authors: Rauw Wendy M. , de Mercado de la Peña Eduardo , Gomez-Raya Luis , García Cortés Luis Alberto , Ciruelos Juan José , Gómez Izquierdo Emilio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is an urgent need to identify the effects of temperature on production traits. This study aimed to determine the impact of pig production in three environments (T°Cgrowing-°Cfattening-°Cfinishing = T24-24-21, T19-19-19, and T23-17-15) on growth curve parameters, body weight gain (DBWG), feed intake (DFI), and feed efficiency during the growing, fattening and finishing stages, and on carcass yield of primal cuts (ham, shoulder, and loin) in 158 Duroc × Iberian pigs. Maturation rate was higher in T23-17-15than in T19-19-19(P < 0.001). Pigs in T23-17-15reached a lower mature body weight (P < 0.05). During the growing stage, pigs in T23-17-15had higher DFI than those in T24-24-21and T19-19-19(P < 0.05); during the fattening stage, DFI was lowest in T24-24-21(P < 0.001). In the growing stage, pigs had highest DBWG in the warmest environments (T24-24-21and T23-17-15) and lowest in the coldest environment (T19-19-19; P < 0.001). Feed efficiency was highest in warmer environments (P < 0.01). Temperature T24-24-21favored loin yield, T19-19-19favored ham yield, and T23-17-15favored shoulder yield (P < 0.01). The results imply a favorable effect of temperature on feed efficiency, however, possible negative implications for animal health and welfare should be considered.
The Eaf3 chromodomain acts as a pH sensor for gene expression by altering its binding affinity for histone methylated-lysine residues
Authors: Okuda Masahiko , Nishimura Yoshifumi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
During gene expression, histone acetylation by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) loosens the chromatin structure around the promoter to allow RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to initiate transcription, while de-acetylation by histone deacetylase (HDAC) tightens the structure in the transcribing region to repress false initiation. Histone acetylation is also regulated by intracellular pH (pHi) with global hypoacetylation observed at low pHi, and hyperacetylation, causing proliferation, observed at high pHi. However, the mechanism underlying the pHi-dependent regulation of gene expression remains elusive. Here, we have explored the role of the chromodomain (CD) of budding yeast Eaf3, a common subunit of both HAT and HDAC that is thought to recognize methylated lysine residues on histone H3. We found that Eaf3 CD interacts with histone H3 peptides methylated at Lys4 (H3K4me, a promoter epigenetic marker) and Lys36 (H3K36me, a coding region epigenetic marker), as well as with many dimethyl-lysine peptides and even arginine-asymmetrically dimethylated peptides, but not with unmethylated, phosphorylated or acetylated peptides. The Eaf3 CD structure revealed an unexpected histidine residue in the aromatic cage essential for binding H3K4me and H3K36me. pH titration experiments showed that protonation of the histidine residue around physiological pH controls the charge state of the aromatic cage to regulate binding to H3K4me and H3K36me. Histidine substitution and NMR experiments confirmed the correlation of histidine pKa with binding affinity. Collectively, our findings suggest that Eaf3 CD functions as a pHi sensor and a regulator of gene expression via its pHi-dependent interaction with methylated nucleosomes.