bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic characterization of adenosine triphosphate response to lung cancer epidermal growth factor receptor missense mutations: A molecular insight into “generic” drug resistance mutations
Authors: Wang Hui , Yang Zengjian , Liu Yanliang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany missense mutations in human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are clinically involved in lung cancer and may cause acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Traditionally, the resistance is considered to be established by impairing inhibitor affinity due to the mutations. However, it was found that, instead of blocking inhibitor binding, the gatekeeper mutation T790M can improve the kinase affinity for its natural substrate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is thus regarded as a “generic” resistance mutation that will reduce the potency of any ATP‐competitive reversible kinase inhibitor. In this study, we attempt to systematically investigate the binding behavior of ATP to clinically observed EGFR missense mutants in nonsmall‐cell lung cancer to identify those substantial mutations that may significantly increase (or decrease) ATP affinity. Several substantial mutations are excluded because they are also involved in kinase's catalytic activity or directly influence inhibitor binding, thus largely complicating the multiple dependent relationships of kinase, ATP, and inhibitor. Two new “generic” resistance mutations, A839T and E758G, are identified, which can improve ATP affinity by forming a favorable hydrogen bond and by eliminating unfavorable electrostatic effect between the kinase and ATP, respectively.
Fast inspection of fruits using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Mengjian , Cai Honghao , Cui Xiaohong , Wei Zhiliang , Ke Hanping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh‐resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an indispensable technique for obtaining chemical structure information. Its quantitative and noninvasive properties have led to its growing popularity as an analytical tool in many fields, including biology, chemistry, medicine, and food science. During transportation and storage, chemical reactions among the many nutrients lead to a loss of food quality. In these circumstances, portable NMR spectrometers can readily be used for food inspection and quality control. Because of the heterogeneous tissue distribution in food, a high‐resolution NMR method is required for detailed food inspection. Therefore, in this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using an intermolecular double‐quantum coherence signal to obtain high‐resolution metabolic profiles of several fruits, including grape, cantaloupe, tomato, and watermelon. The resulting high‐resolution NMR spectra facilitate the identification of important metabolites, which can be used as biomarkers for food quality control. The method established here may be adapted for food inspection using portable NMR equipment.
A New Method for Assessment of Retronasal Olfactory Function
Authors: Yoshino Ayaho , Goektas Goekhan , Mahmut Mehmet K. , Zhu Yunmeng , Goektas Oender , Komachi Taro , Okubo Kimihiro , Hummel Thomas 
Published: April 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of the study was to develop a test for the assessment of retronasal olfaction in healthy participants and patients with olfactory disorders using “tasteless” powders.Study Design: Prospective case–control series.MethodsA total of 150 participants (110 women, 40 men, mean age = 40 ± 16 years) were recruited for this study; 100 were healthy controls and 50 were patients with olfactory loss due to infections of the upper respiratory tract (n = 25), idiopathic causes (n = 12), sinonasal disease (n = 7), and head trauma (n = 6). Orthonasal olfactory function was evaluated using the Sniffin' Sticks test battery, and retronasal olfaction was evaluated using powders lacking distinctive tastes administered to the oral cavity. To establish test–retest reliability, healthy participants had their orthonasal and retronasal function tested twice.ResultsThe validity analyses revealed that the selected 16 stimuli differentiated between normosmic participants and patients with olfactory loss, and that retronasal and orthonasal olfaction were highly correlated.ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicate that patients with olfactory loss and controls can be clearly separated using a reliable test of retronasal olfaction based on 16 retronasal stimuli.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 131:E324–E330, 2021
Optical Biopsy: Automated Classification of Airway Endoscopic Findings Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Dunham Michael E. , Kong Keonho A. , McWhorter Andrew J. , Adkins Lacey K. 
Published: April 2020

Objectives/HypothesisCreate an autonomous computational system to classify endoscopy findings.Study DesignComputational analysis of vocal fold images at an academic, tertiary‐care laryngology practice.MethodsA series of normal and abnormal vocal fold images were obtained from the image database of an academic tertiary care laryngology practice. The benign images included normals, nodules, papilloma, polyps, and webs. A separate set of carcinoma and leukoplakia images comprised a single malignant–premalignant class. All images were classified with their existing labels. Images were randomly withheld from each class for testing. The remaining images were used to train and validate a neural network for classifying vocal fold lesions. Two classifiers were developed. A multiclass system classified the five categories of benign lesions. A separate analysis was performed using a binary classifier trained to distinguish malignant–premalignant from benign lesions.ResultsPrecision ranged from 71.7% (polyps) to 89.7% (papilloma), and recall ranged from 70.0% (papilloma) to 88.0% (nodules) for the benign classifier. Overall accuracy for the benign classifier was 80.8%. The binary classifier correctly identified 92.0% of the malignant–premalignant lesions with an overall accuracy of 93.0%.ConclusionsAutonomous classification of endoscopic images with artificial intelligence technology is possible. Better network implementations and larger datasets will continue to improve classifier accuracy. A clinically useful optical cancer screening system may require a multimodality approach that incorporates nonvisual spectra.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:S1–S8, 2022
Analysis of a waterspout at Zhuhai, China, on June 12, 2019
Authors: Chan Pak Wai , Tse S.M. , Lee Jeffrey Chi Wai , Li Q.S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper reports on a waterspout presiding over the Pearl River Estuary near Zhuhai, China. It is observed mainly using the terminal Doppler weather radar in Hong Kong. A slanting radar reflectivity core and airflow circulating around was seen in the vertical cross‐section across the mesoscale/microscale cyclone associated with the waterspout. The vertical wind profile associated with the cyclone was analysed and found to exhibit characteristics similar to those of a tornado reported in the region in a previous study. The primary characteristic of the waterspout was a circulating flow stronger at higher levels (approximately a few kilometres above ground) than at lower levels. In terms of nowcasting, the performance of a convection‐permitting numerical weather prediction model (2 km horizontal resolution) was analysed. It was found to demonstrate reasonable simulation skill for the mesoscale/microscale cyclone, although the slanting feature was not well predicted. The results of this study can serve as a useful reference for similar studies of waterspouts/tornadoes worldwide.
Candidate gene associations reveal sex‐specific Graves’ disease risk alleles among Chinese Han populations
Authors: Yan Chen‐Yan , Ma Yu‐Ru , Sun Feng , Zhang Rui‐Jia , Fang Ya , Zhang Qian‐Yue , Wu Feng‐Yao , Zhao Shuang‐Xia , Song Huai‐Dong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith several susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms identified by case–control association studies, Graves’ disease is one of the most common forms of autoimmune thyroid disease. In this study, we aimed to determine whether any observed differences in genetic associations are influenced by sex in Chinese Han populations.MethodsA total of 8,835 patients with Graves’ disease and 9,936 sex‐matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Confirmed by a two‐staged association analysis, sex‐specific analyses among 20 Graves’ disease susceptibility loci were conducted.ResultsA significant sex‐gene interaction was detected primarily at rs5912838 on Xq21.1 between the GPR174 and ITM2A genes, whereby male Graves’ disease patients possessed a significantly higher frequency of risk alleles than their female counterparts. Interestingly, compared to women, male patients with Graves’ disease had a higher cumulative genetic risk and higher persistent thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody‐positive rate after receiving antithyroid drug therapy for at least 1 year.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest the existence of one potential sex‐specific Graves’ disease variant on Xq21.1. This could increase our understanding of the pivotal mechanism behind Graves’ disease and ultimately aid in identifying possible therapeutic targets.
A solution to estimate the total and effective stresses in backfilled stopes with an impervious base during the filling operation of cohesionless backfill
Authors: Zheng Jian , Li Li , Li Yu‐Chao 
Published: April 2020

SummaryMining backfill is commonly used in underground mines. A critical concern of this practice is to evaluate the pressures and total stresses in backfilled stopes to ensure a safe and economic design of barricades, constructed to retain the backfill. When a slurried backfill is placed in a mine stope, excess pore water pressure (PWP) can instantaneously generate and progressively dissipate. The dissipation of the excess PWP and consolidation lead to the development of effective stresses, which in turn lead to an arching effect in the backfilled stope. Until now, arching effect has been largely considered for stress estimation in dry or submerged backfill. The former corresponds to the final state at the end process of the drainage and consolidation of the backfill with a pervious while the latter with an impervious barricade. However, previous studies have shown that the most critical moment for the stability of barricades is during the stope filling. Therefore, the design of barricades requires a proper estimation of the pressure and total stresses during the filling operation. This in turn needs joint consideration of the arching effect and consolidation of the backfill. In this paper, a new solution is developed to evaluate the pressures and stresses in backfilled stopes during the filling operation of cohesionless backfill by considering the self‐weight consolidation and arching effect. The proposed solution is validated by numerical modeling with Plaxis2D. It can thus be used to evaluate the pressures and stresses in backfilled stopes during the stope filling with an impervious barricade.
Cabozantinib for relapsed neuroblastoma: Single institution case series
Authors: Perisa Michael P. , Storey Michael , Streby Keri A. , Ranalli Mark A. , Skeens Micah , Shah Nilay 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRelapsed high‐risk neuroblastoma has few effective therapies currently available or in development. Cabozantinib is an Food and Drug Administration approved multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor for select adult malignancies with preclinical data suggesting efficacy against neuroblastoma. A safe and tolerable dose has been identified for children, but its efficacy remains unknown. We describe four children with relapsed metastatic neuroblastoma treated with cabozantinib. All four patients had extended disease control (two complete responsesfor >12 months, 2 stable disease >6 months) with manageable predictable toxicities requiring dose reduction in two patients. We discuss the potential for the use of cabozantinib in neuroblastoma.
Rapid authentication of agarwood by using liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry (LESA‐MS)
Authors: Xie Yanqiao , Li Linnan , Chen Yilin , Yang Yuangui , Xu Hong , Wang Zhengtao , Yang Li 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionAgarwood is a highly valuable fragrant resinous wood which is widely used as traditional Chinese medicines, perfumes, incense and decorations. Due to its high economic value and excessive demand, this leads to a rising price and proliferation of fake commodities. Thus, strict authenticity identification and quality evaluation of agarwood are of great significance.ObjectiveTo establish a simple, rapid and non‐destructive technique for identifying the authenticity of agarwood.MethodsLiquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry (LESA‐MS) was firstly proposed to identify the authenticity of 62 agarwood samples without sample preparation. In addition, multivariate statistical models and thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) method were used to analyse and verify the results of LESA‐MS.ResultsRepresentative compounds of agarwood were detected by LESA‐MS. A characteristic 2‐(2‐phenylethyl)chromone compound (m/z 319.1) was treated as a key chemical marker to identify agarwood and its counterfeits rapidly. Several other chromones ions were identified and used as additional evidence for authentic samples. A total of 62 samples were visually discriminated as two groups by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA), and the specific characteristic marker was highlighted. Moreover, the qualitative results of the conventional TLC method were in agreement with the LESA‐MS approach.ConclusionThe proposed LESA‐MS method was successfully applied in the direct qualitative analysis of agarwood from different sources. This study indicated great feasibility and practicality of LESA‐MS in the rapid identification of agarwood, and provided a non‐destructive and meaningful preliminary screening tool for the agarwood industry.
Cationic UV‐curing of epoxidized cardanol derivatives
Authors: Noè Camilla , Malburet Samuel , Milani Elodie , Bouvet‐Marchand Agathe , Graillot Alain , Sangermano Marco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the high reactivity and potentiality of bio‐renewably obtained cardanol‐based epoxy monomers as well as the possibility of tuning the final thermomechanical properties by changing either the epoxy content or the chemical structure of the starting photocurable resin. The reactivity of the cardanol monomers towards the cationic UV‐curing process was investigated by Fourier transform IR analysis and it was shown that a high epoxy group conversion was achieved. Furthermore, the thermomechanical properties were investigated on crosslinked films by means of DSC and dynamic thermomechanical analysis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Predicting the Orbifold Origin of the MSSM
Authors: Parr Erik , Vaudrevange Patrick K.S. , Wimmer Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMSSM‐like string models from the compactification of the heterotic string on toroidal orbifolds (of the kind ) have distinct phenomenological properties, like the spectrum of vector‐like exotics, the scale of supersymmetry breaking, and the existence of non‐Abelian flavor symmetries. We show that these characteristics depend crucially on the choice of the underlying orbifold point group P. In detail, we use boosted decision trees to predict P from phenomenological properties of MSSM‐like orbifold models. As this works astonishingly well, we can utilize machine learning to predict the orbifold origin of the MSSM.
Finite‐time tracking control for a class of nonlinear systems with multiple mismatched disturbances
Authors: Lan Qixun , Li Shihua , Yang Jun 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the finite‐time output tracking problem for a class of nonlinear systems with multiple mismatched disturbances. To efficiently estimate the disturbances and their derivatives, a continuous finite‐time disturbance observer (CFTDO) design method is developed. Based on the modified adding a power integrator method and CFTDO technique, a composite tracking controller is constructed such that the system output can track the desired reference signal in finite time. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Tributary confluences are dynamic thermal refuges for a juvenile salmonid in a warming river network
Authors: Wang Terrance , Kelson Suzanne J. , Greer George , Thompson Sally E. , Carlson Stephanie M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs rivers warm, cold‐water fish species may alleviate thermal stress by moving into localized thermal refuges such as cold‐water plumes created by cool tributary inflows. We quantified use of two tributary confluence plumes by juvenile steelhead,Oncorhynchus mykiss, throughout the summer, including how trout positioned themselves in relation to temperature within confluence plumes. At two confluences, Cedar and Elder creeks, along the South Fork Eel River, California, USA, we monitored temperatures using in situ logger grids throughout summer 2016. Fish were counted within confluences via snorkel surveys five times a day on 5 days at each site. We found diel and seasonal dependence on confluence use by steelhead, especially at the Cedar Creek confluence, where mainstem temperatures exceeded 28°C. At this site, fish moved into the confluence on the warmest days and warmest times of the day. Fish observed within the Cedar Creek confluence plume were most common in locations between 20–22°C, rather than the coldest locations (14.5°C). At Elder Creek, where mainstem temperatures remained below 24°C, there was little relationship between mainstem temperature and steelhead presence in the confluence plume. At both sites, steelhead distribution within plumes was influenced by spatial variation of temperature and mean temperature in surveyed grid cells. Our results show that cool tributaries flowing into warmer mainstem reaches (over 24°C) likely create important thermal refuges for juvenile steelhead. As mainstem rivers warm with climate change, cool‐water tributary inputs may become more important for sustaining cold‐water salmonids near the southern end of their range.
Structure Optimization and Flame Barrier Performance Evaluation of Barrier Explosion‐Proof Materials Based on FLACS
Authors: Zhang Yulun , Zhou Chunbo , Xie Hui , Zhang Yue 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBlocking explosion‐proof materials can quickly transfer heat, block flame propagation, and prevent explosion accidents. It has gradually become a rudimentary solution to the intrinsic safety of explosion or “secondary explosion” during the storage and transportation of flammable and explosive liquid or gaseous dangerous chemicals. The impact of the addition of explosion‐proof porous materials in the storage tank on the shock wave was numerically simulated by FLACS and further analyzed with changes in pressure, temperature, and velocity. The effects of the configuration, size, aperture, layer spacing, and filling rate of the barrier explosion‐proof ball on the barrier explosion‐proof effect were investigated whereby the optimal barrier explosion‐proof appearance structure was obtained. The explosion resistance tester was used to examine and evaluate the fire resistance performance of the material, and the influence of different types of barrier explosion‐proof pellets on the fire resistance performance was revealed. The explosion suppression performance of the barrier explosion‐proof material was evaluated by FLACS numerical simulation. The temperature and pressure in the storage tank can be greatly scaled down by adding the explosion‐proof porous material. The numerical simulation results are coherent with that from experimental part, and the general rule of blocking explosion protection can be therefore identified: the turbulence effect is particularly obvious in the area filled with explosion‐proof materials, and the porous spheres would continually reflect and weaken the shock wave. This makes it possible to significantly bring down the pressure and temperature after filling the explosion‐proof area, thereby preventing explosions.
What turns CREB on? And off? And why does it matter?
Authors: Steven André , Friedrich Michael , Jank Paul , Heimer Nadine , Budczies Jan , Denkert Carsten , Seliger Barbara 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAltered expression and function of the transcription factor cyclic AMP response-binding protein (CREB) has been identified to play an important role in cancer and is associated with the overall survival and therapy response of tumor patients. This review focuses on the expression and activation of CREB under physiologic conditions and in tumors of distinct origin as well as the underlying mechanisms of CREB regulation by diverse stimuli and inhibitors. In addition, the clinical relevance of CREB is summarized, including its use as a prognostic and/or predictive marker as well as a therapeutic target.
Ambulante Versorgung akuter Verletzungen der oberen Extremität in der Notfallambulanz in axillärer Plexusanästhesie – Ist das ohne durchgehende Anästhesiebegleitung machbar?
Authors: Rand A. , Avila González C. A. , Feigl G. C. , Mäcken T. , Weiß T. , Zahn P. K. , Litz R. J. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundPatienten, welche sich mit kleineren, aber akut operationspflichtigen Verletzungen an Hand und/oder Unterarm in der Notaufnahme vorstellen, in den laufenden Operationsbetrieb einzubringen, stellt aufgrund begrenzter Ressourcen eine Herausforderung dar. Eine Alternative bietet die zeitnahe Versorgung in der Notaufnahme. Es wird über die mehrjährige Erfahrung mit einem Behandlungsalgorithmus berichtet, bei dem Notfallpatienten zeitnah in axillärer Plexusblockade (APB) in der Notaufnahme ohne weitere Anästhesiebegleitung versorgt wurden.MethodenPatienten wurden auf die prinzipielle Eignung für eine Versorgung außerhalb des allgemeinen Operationsbetriebes vom Operateur vorausgewählt. Nach Ausschluss anästhesiologischer und chirurgischer Kontraindikationen erfolgte in der „holding area“ des OP-Bereichs die sonographisch geführte axilläre Plexus-Blockade (APB) in Einzelinjektionstechnik unter Standardmonitoring. Nach Überprüfung der Blockade erfolgte die weitere Versorgung in der Notaufnahme unter Aufsicht des verantwortlichen Chirurgen ohne Anästhesiebegleitung.ErgebnisseVon Januar 2013 bis November 2017 wurden 566 Patienten (46,4 J [11–88], 174,9 cm [140–211], 80,8 kg [42–178], ASA-Status 1/2/3 [190/338/38]) nach dem beschriebenen Behandlungsalgorithmus versorgt. Die APB wurden von 74 Anästhesisten mit maximal 100 mg Ropivacain, 1 %ig, und 400 mg Prilocain, 2 %ig, durchgeführt. Bei 5 % der Patienten war die Blockade nach 20 min unzureichend, sodass eine Nachinjektion mit maximal 2–3 ml Prilocain, 1 %ig, pro entsprechendem Nerv erfolgte. Danach konnte die chirurgische Versorgung bei allen Patienten ohne zusätzliche Analgetika oder Nachinfiltrationen durchgeführt werden. Komplikationen der APB wurden nicht beobachtet.SchlussfolgerungWir konnten zeigen, dass die Versorgung ausgewählter Patienten außerhalb des OP mit einem definierten Behandlungsalgorithmus in einer APB sicher und zuverlässig ohne dauerhafte Anästhesiepräsenz möglich war. Unabdingbare Voraussetzungen für ein solches Vorgehen sind aber die sorgfältige Patientenselektion, die Patientenzustimmung, die sichere, effektive Durchführung der APB sowie die verlässliche Absprache mit dem Operateur.