bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria-enriched protrusions are associated with brain and intestinal stem cells in Drosophila
Authors: Endow Sharyn A. , Miller Sara E. , Ly Phuong Thao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBrain stem cells stop dividing in late Drosophila embryos and begin dividing again in early larvae after feeding induces reactivation. Quiescent neural stem cells (qNSCs) display an unusual cytoplasmic protrusion that is no longer present in reactivated NSCs. The protrusions join the qNSCs to the neuropil, brain regions that are thought to maintain NSCs in an undifferentiated state, but the function of the protrusions is not known. Here we show that qNSC protrusions contain clustered mitochondria that are likely maintained in position by slow forward-and-backward microtubule growth. Larvae treated with a microtubule-stabilizing drug show bundled microtubules and enhanced mitochondrial clustering in NSCs, together with reduced qNSC reactivation. We further show that intestinal stem cells contain mitochondria-enriched protrusions. The qNSC and intestinal stem-cell protrusions differ from previously reported cytoplasmic extensions by forming stem-cell-to-niche mitochondrial bridges that could potentially both silence genes and sense signals from the stem cell niche.
A TonB-dependent receptor constitutes the outer membrane transport system for a lignin-derived aromatic compound
Authors: Fujita Masaya , Mori Kosuke , Hara Hirofumi , Hishiyama Shojiro , Kamimura Naofumi , Masai Eiji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTonB-dependent receptors (TBDRs) mediate substrate-specific transport across the outer membrane, utilizing energy derived from the proton motive force transmitted from the TonB−ExbB−ExbD complex located in the inner membrane (TonB system). Although a number of TonB systems involved in the uptake of siderophores, vitamin B12 and saccharides have been identified, their involvement in the uptake and catabolism of aromatic compounds was previously unknown. Here, we show that the outer membrane transport of a biphenyl compound derived from lignin is mediated by the TonB system in a Gram-negative bacterium capable of degrading lignin-derived aromatic compounds, Sphingobium sp. strain SYK-6. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of the corresponding TBDR gene enhanced the uptake of this biphenyl compound, contributing to the improved rate of platform chemical production. Our results will provide an important basis for establishing engineered strains optimized for use in lignin valorisation.
Genetic variation associated with infection and the environment in the accidental pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei
Authors: Chewapreecha Claire , Mather Alison E. , Harris Simon R. , Hunt Martin , Holden Matthew T. G. , Chaichana Chutima , Wuthiekanun Vanaporn , Dougan Gordon , Day Nicholas P. J. , Limmathurotsakul Direk , Parkhill Julian , Peacock Sharon J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, an important endemic human disease in tropical and sub-tropical countries. This bacterium occupies broad ecological niches including soil, contaminated water, single-cell microbes, plants and infection in a range of animal species. Here, we performed genome-wide association studies for genetic determinants of environmental and human adaptation using a combined dataset of 1,010 whole genome sequences of B. pseudomallei from Northeast Thailand and Australia, representing two major disease hotspots. With these data, we identified 47 genes from 26 distinct loci associated with clinical or environmental isolates from Thailand and replicated 12 genes in an independent Australian cohort. We next outlined the selective pressures on the genetic loci (dN/dS) and the frequency at which they had been gained or lost throughout their evolutionary history, reflecting the bacterial adaptability to a wide range of ecological niches. Finally, we highlighted loci likely implicated in human disease.
Attention Performance in People Who Clutter: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gosselin Elizabeth , Ward David 
Published: November 2019

Background
Cluttering is a fluency disorder that is mainly characterized by an abnormally rapid or irregular rate of speech. Additional symptoms have also been linked to cluttering, making it challenging to define and diagnose. One such feature contributing to this difficulty is poor attention. However, little evidence exists that explores attention performance in people who clutter (PWC) compared to the typical adult populations. This pilot study aimed to expand the evidence base by using a Stroop task to investigate attention performance in PWC.

Method
Four PWC and 4 gender-matched typical language controls completed a Stroop color-word task that looked specifically at interference and reactive inhibition, 2 aspects of attention. A 2 Groups (typical language controls, PWC) × 4 Conditions (neutral, incongruent, incongruent probe, congruent) repeated-measures analysis of variance was carried out for both dependent variables of reaction time and accuracy.

Results
There were no significant differences between groups for reaction time or accuracy. However, Stroop tasks require large sample sizes to yield significant results. A closer inspection of mean reaction time and accuracy data as well as the pairwise comparisons indicated that PWC performed similarly to controls on the components of the task that investigated interference. However, PWC performed differently on aspects of the task that tested reactive inhibition.

Conclusions
The results from this study indicate that PWC may have reduced inhibition. However, findings are preliminary, and further research with larger cohorts is needed to explore inhibition in PWC. In the interim, greater attention difficulties should not be ruled out and should be given consideration in the diagnosis and management of PWC.
Nonlinear diffusion of cosmic rays escaping from supernova remnants: Cold partially neutral atomic and molecular phases
Authors: Brahimi L. , Marcowith A. , Ptuskin V. S. 
Published: November 2019

Aims. We aim to elucidate cosmic ray (CR) propagation in the weakly ionized environments of supernova remnants (SNRs) basing our analysis on the cosmic ray cloud (CRC) model.
Methods. We solved two transport equations simultaneously: one for the CR pressure and one for the Alfvén wave energy density where CRs are initially confined in the SNR shock. Cosmic rays trigger a streaming instability and produce slab-type resonant Alfvén modes. The self-generated turbulence is damped by ion-neutral collisions and by noncorrelated interaction with Alfvén modes generated at large scales.
Results. We show that CRs leaking in cold dense phases such as those found in cold neutral medium (CNM) and diffuse molecular medium (DiM) can still be confined over distances of a few tens of parsecs from the CRC center for a few thousand years. At 10 TeV, CR diffusion can be suppressed by two or three orders of magnitude. This effect results from a reduced ion-neutral collision damping in the decoupled regime. We calculate the grammage of CRs in these environments. We find that in both single and multi-phase setups at 10 GeV, CNM and DiM media can produce grammage in the range 10–20 g cm−2 in the CNM and DiM phases. At 10 TeV, because of nonlinear propagation the grammage increases to values in the range 0.5–20 g cm−2 in these two phases. We also present preliminary calculations in inhomogeneous interstellar medium combining two or three different phases where we obtain the same trends.
Resilience phenomenon reflection
Authors: Bayer Elena , Avakov Stepan , Grigoryan Nariné , Aroutyunyan Rouzanna 
Published: November 2019

This theoretical research specifically emphasizes personal resilience phenomenon. Children’s social activity is something that draws its significance from themselves; they must have a well-developed sense of personality and a clear understanding of their own role (their personal responsibility) in their closest social environment.
A mentee (a child from an orphanage) needs to shape his/her own personal identification; as a person, he/she should be able to count on his/her own developed resources such as resilience, and internal personal position towards the choice of lifetime values.
The article is a reflection on an approach to understanding the meaning of the personal growth conditions including the ways of structuring the teaching process that provides for the personal growth; a detailed model of interactions between eight structural components of an educational system as a social demand (state component), a targeted resilience buildup (projection component), a mentee (a child) (organization component), an educator preparedness (knowledge component), scientific and teaching information (constructive component), educational means of communication (communicative component), a tool of assessment (assessment and reflective component), and a follow-up educational system (prognostic component).
Management und Diagnostik von Staphylococcus-aureus-Blutstrominfektionen
Authors: Weis Sebastian , Hagel Stefan , Pletz Mathias W. 
Published: November 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBlutstrominfektionen durch Staphylococcus aureus sind schwere Infektionserkrankungen, die mit dem Risiko von sekundären Absiedlungen, Rekurrenzen und hohen Sterblichkeitsraten assoziiert sind. Bei adäquater Diagnostik und Therapie kann das Outcome wesentlich verbessert werden. Alle Patienten mit Staphylococcus-aureus-Bakteriämie sollten infektiologisch betreut werden, um die Einhaltung der Therapiestandards zu gewährleisten. Medikamente der Wahl sind Cefazolin und Flucloxacillin bei MSSA und Daptomycin (cave: nicht bei pulmonalem Fokus) und Vancomycin bei MRSA-Infektionen. Die Therapie sollte für mindestens 14 Tage intravenös erfolgen. Inwiefern eine Oralisierung bei Patienten mit unkomplizierten Bakteriämien erfolgen kann, ist derzeit Gegenstand von Studien. Erste Daten lassen drauf schließen.
„Standard Changing News Onkologie“ in der Tumorchirurgie
Authors: Königsrainer Alfred 
Published: November 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGNach wie vor limitieren gastrointestinale Tumorerkrankungen trotz erheblicher Anstrengungen in der Prävention, Neuerungen in der Diagnostik und Behandlung die Lebenserwartung vieler Patienten. Erfreulicherweise geht die tumorbedingte Mortalität zwar bei gewissen Entitäten zurück, ist aber unabhängig des verbesserten pathophsiologischen und molekularen Verständnisses gerade beim Pankreaskarzinom und Karzinomen des oberen GI-Traktes nach wie vor unakzeptabel hoch. Schonendes zum Teil minimal invasives Operieren mit dem Fokus auf onkologische Radikalität, aber auch auf gutem funktionellen Ergebnis und größtmöglicher Lebensqualität, sind die Herausforderungen der modernen onkologischen Chirurgie. In diesem Übersichtsbeitrag werden neue Gesichtspunkte beim peritoneal metastasiertem Magenkarzinom, bei neuroendokrinen Tumoren der Appendix, Lebermetastasen kolorektaler Karzinome, beim Pankreaskarzinom und zuletzt beim Rektumkarzinom aufgezeigt.
Stereotaktische Strahlentherapie bei Oligometastasierung
Authors: Hoegen Philipp , Hörner-Rieber Juliane , Debus Jürgen 
Published: November 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn der Onkologie findet seit einigen Jahren ein Paradigmenwechsel statt: bei Vorliegen weniger Metastasen spricht man von Oligometastasierung. In diesem Fall ist ein kurativer Therapieansatz sinnvoll, wie zuletzt in mehreren Studien gezeigt wurde. Eine Möglichkeit der Lokaltherapie ist die stereotaktische Bestrahlung (SRS bzw. SBRT). Durch hochdosierte Bestrahlung in wenigen Sitzungen kann eine vollständige Tumorkontrolle erzielt werden. Neue Entwicklungen wie Hybridgeräte aus MRT und Linearbeschleuniger ermöglichen eine präzise, schonende Behandlung.
Modified Craniocervical Approach for Resection of the Styloid Process in Patients with Eagle's Syndrome
Authors: Constanzo Felipe , Ramina Ricardo , Coelho Neto Mauricio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective Surgical treatment of Eagle's syndrome remains the mainstay of treatment. Palsy of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve is the most significant complication encountered in transcervical resections, due to direct compression during the approach. We proposed a modification of the craniocervical approach to the jugular foramen to resect the styloid process avoiding the marginal mandibular branch and subsequent palsy.
Design This is a single-center retrospective cohort study.
Setting The research was conducted at a tertiary medical center.
Participants From November 2008 to October 2018, 12 patients with Eagle's syndrome underwent treatment using our modified approach.
Main Outcome Measures Demographic data, type of Eagle's syndrome, symptomatic side, size of the styloid process, clinical outcomes, and complications were analyzed.
Results Mean size of the styloid processes was of 3.34 cm on the operated side (2.3–4.7 cm) and 2.98 cm on the other (2–4.2 cm). Intraoperative facial nerve irritation occurred in one case. Resection of the entire styloid process was achieved in all cases. Eight cases experienced complete improvement, three cases had a partial response, and one case failed to improve. There were no cases of recurrence. Two patients presented transient postoperative auricular paresthesia. There were no cases of mandibular branch palsy, nor any other complications in our series.
Conclusions Our modified transcervical approach is effective in avoiding the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, avoiding postoperative palsy.
Flap Viability after Direct Immediate Application of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on Free Flaps: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Reported Outcomes
Authors: Opoku-Agyeman Jude L. , Matera David V. , Simone Jamee E. , Behnam Amir B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background The use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) devices has gained wide acceptance in the management of wounds. There have been a few reported cases of its use immediately after free tissue transfer. This is the first systematic review and pooled analysis on the immediate use of NPWT for free flaps with emphasis on the rate of free flap loss.
Methods The authors performed a systematic review that focused on the rate of total free flap loss after immediate application of NPWT. EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Ovid Medicine, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases were searched from 1997 to April of 2019. Peer-reviewed articles published in the English language were included.
Results Ten articles were included in the review, yielding 211 free flap procedures. All studies were retrospective cohort studies except for two that were prospective studies and one that was a case series. The overall complete flap failure rate was n = 7 (3.3%). The most commonly reconstructed area was the lower extremity (n = 158 [74.9%]) followed by head and neck (n = 42 [19.9%]) and upper extremity (n = 11 [5.2%]). The vacuum pressure ranged from 75 to 125 mm/Hg. The time of application of the NPWT ranged from 5 to 7 days. The etiologies of wound defects were from trauma (n = 82 [63.6%]), tumor extirpation (n = 43 [33.3%]), and infection and burn (n = 4 [3.1%]).
Conclusion The immediate application of NPWT on free flaps does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of flap failure.
The Effects of Furosemide on Oxygenation in Mechanically Ventilated Children with Bronchiolitis
Authors: Kulkarni Mandar , Slain Katherine N. , Rotta Alexandre T. , Shein Steven L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFluid balance management, including diuretic administration, may influence outcomes among mechanically ventilated children. We retrospectively compared oxygenation saturation index (OSI) before and after the initial furosemide bolus among 65 mechanically ventilated children. Furosemide was not associated with a significant change in median OSI (6.25 [interquartile range: 5.01–7.92] vs. 6.06 [4.73–7.54], p = 0.48), but was associated with expected changes in fluid balance and urine output. Secondary analysis suggested more favorable effects of furosemide in children with worse baseline OSI. The reported common use of furosemide by pediatric intensivists obligates further study to better establish its efficacy, or lack thereof, in mechanically ventilated children.
Patellofemoral Chondromalacia Does Not Influence Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes following High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Kim You Keun , Yoo Jae Doo , Oh Minjoon , Cho Euihwan , Kim Nam Ki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEffect of patellofemoral (PF) chondromalacia on results of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) has not been identified. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to analyze the effect of PF chondromalacia on relatively short-term radiographic and clinical outcomes of HTO. Patients who underwent open wedge HTO (OWHTO) from February 2010 to January 2015 were enrolled. A total of 101 knees were divided into two groups: 56 knees without PF chondromalacia in group A, while 45 knees with PF chondromalacia extended to subchondral bone in group B. Radiologic outcomes were compared using mechanical tibiofemoral angle, ratio of weight-bearing line (WBL), and minimal joint space width of the lateral compartment. Clinical outcomes were compared using range of motion in affected knee, visual analog scale, modified Lysholm score, and Kujala score. The mean mechanical tibiofemoral angle was 4.6 degree in group A and 4.8 degree in group B. The mean ratio of WBL was 63.8% in group A and 63.6% in group B at final. The mean minimum joint space width of the lateral compartment was 5.8 mm in group A and 5.8 mm in group B on standing AP radiograph. It was 5.3 mm in group A and 5.4 mm in group B on Rosenburg view at final. The mean ROM was 137.2 degree in group A and 137.5 degree in group B. The mean visual analog scale was 2.1 in group A and 2.3 in group B at final. The mean modified Lysholm score was 90.6 in group A and 89.1 in group B at final. The mean Kujala score was 90.2 in group A and 89.1 in group B at final. PF chondromalacia does not influence short-term radiographic and clinical outcomes following OWHTO.
Long-Term Quality of Life after Free Flap Upper Extremity Reconstruction for Traumatic Injuries
Authors: van Bekkum Sara , de Jong Tim , Zuidam Michiel , Mureau Marc A. M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Microsurgical reconstruction of upper extremity injuries is often challenging, and the resulting impact on the quality of life (QoL) may be significant. However, there is a lack of knowledge on long-term patient-reported QoL.
Methods In a retrospective long-term follow-up study, all consecutive patients with an upper extremity injury who had undergone a free flap reconstruction were identified and categorized into three groups based on the type of injury. Patient-reported upper extremity function and QoL were assessed using three validated questionnaires: the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ).
Results A total of 61 patients were identified, of whom 10% had undergone a free flap reconstruction for soft tissue loss only, 62% for an injury accompanied by a fracture, and 28% for a (sub) total amputation. Twenty-one (44%) patients responded to the questionnaires, with a mean follow-up time of 9.7 ± 6.2 years. Patients, on average, reported poorer SF-36 “physical component score” and “role limitations due to physical health” scores compared with Dutch norms. Also, they reported poorer mean DASH scores compared with the general population, indicating worse upper extremity function. Mean MQH scores were lower for the injured side compared with the noninjured side. Pain correlated negatively with the total scores of DASH, MHQ, and SF-36.
Conclusion Free flap upper extremity reconstruction is challenging. At 10 years of follow-up, the injury and its treatment continued to have a significant impact on the upper extremity function and daily QoL, with chronic pain being an important factor negatively affecting these outcomes.
Cardiovascular risks impact human brainN-acetylaspartate in regionally specific patterns
Authors: Chiappelli Joshua , Rowland Laura M. , Wijtenburg S. Andrea , Chen Hongji , Maudsley Andrew A. , Sheriff Sulaiman , Chen Shuo , Savransky Anya , Marshall Wyatt , Ryan Meghann C. , Bruce Heather A. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Kochunov Peter , Hong L. Elliot 
Published: November 2019

SignificanceWe used a 3-dimensional whole-brain spectroscopic imaging technique to determine the relationship of the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score (FCVRS) to neurochemistry in a sample of Amish participants without neurologic or psychiatric disorders. Cardiovascular risk scores were inversely associated withN-acetylaspartate (NAA), especially in white matter regions. As NAA is a marker for neuronal integrity and serves as a reservoir for precursors to myelin lipid synthesis, the relationship to FCVRS implicates reduced NAA as a potential early marker and mechanistic clue for the contribution of cardiovascular risk factors to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders.
The proteasome regulator PI31 is required for protein homeostasis, synapse maintenance, and neuronal survival in mice
Authors: Minis Adi , Rodriguez Jose A. , Levin Avi , Liu Kai , Govek Eve-Ellen , Hatten Mary E. , Steller Hermann 
Published: November 2019

Significance
The conserved proteasome-binding protein PI31 serves as an adapter to couple proteasomes with cellular motors to mediate their transport to distal tips of neurons where protein breakdown occurs. We generated global and conditional PI31 knockout mouse strains and show that this protein is required for protein homeostasis, and that its conditional inactivation in neurons disrupts synaptic structures and long-term survival. This work establishes a critical role for PI31 and local protein degradation in the maintenance of neuronal architecture, circuitry, and function. Because mutations in the PI31 pathway cause neurodegenerative diseases in humans, reduced PI31 activity may contribute to the etiology of these diseases.
Confronting blackface
Authors: D’hondt Sigurd 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recently, the Netherlands witnessed an agitated discussion over Black Pete, a blackface character associated with
the Saint Nicholas festival. This paper analyzes a televised panel interview discussing a possible court ban of public Nicholas
festivities, and demonstrates that participants not only disagree over the racist nature of the blackface character but also over
the terms of the debate itself. Drawing on recent sociolinguistic work on stancetaking, it traces how panelists ‘laminate’ the
interview’s participation framework by embedding their assessments of Black Pete in contrasting dialogical fields. Their
stancetaking evokes opposing trajectories of earlier interactions and conjures up discursive complexes of identity/belonging that
entail discrepant judgments over the acceptability of criticism. The extent to which a stance makes explicit the projected field’s
phenomenal content, it is argued, reflects the relative (in)visibility of hegemonic we-ness.
Recalibration of the binding energy of hypernuclei measured in emulsion experiments and its implications *
Authors: Liu Peng , Chen Jinhui , Keane Declan , Xu Zhangbu , Ma Yu-Gang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The

separation energy for

hypernuclei, denoted

, measured in 1967, 1968, and 1973 are recalibrated using the current best estimates of the mass of particles and nuclei. The recalibrated

are systematically larger (except in the case of

He) than the originally published values by about 100 keV. The effect of this level of recalibration is very important for light hypernuclei, especially for the hypertriton. The early

values measured in 1967, 1968, and 1973 are widely used in theoretical research, and the new results provide better constraints for the conclusions of such studies.