bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human walking in the real world: Interactions between terrain type, gait parameters, and energy expenditure
Authors: Kowalsky DB , Rebula JR , Ojeda LV , Adamczyk PG , Kuo AD 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHumans often traverse real-world environments with a variety of surface irregularities and inconsistencies, which can disrupt steady gait and require additional effort. Such effects have, however, scarcely been demonstrated quantitatively, because few laboratory biomechanical measures apply outdoors. Walking can nevertheless be quantified by other means. In particular, the foot’s trajectory in space can be reconstructed from foot-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs), to yield measures of stride and associated variabilities. But it remains unknown whether such measures are related to metabolic energy expenditure. We therefore quantified the effect of five different outdoor terrains on foot motion (from IMUs) and net metabolic rate (from oxygen consumption) in healthy adults (N = 10; walking at 1.25 m/s). Energy expenditure increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the order Sidewalk, Dirt, Gravel, Grass, and Woodchips, with Woodchips about 27% costlier than Sidewalk. Terrain type also affected measures, particularly stride variability and virtual foot clearance (swing foot’s lowest height above consecutive footfalls). In combination, such measures can also roughly predict metabolic cost (adjustedR2= 0.52, partial least squares regression), and even discriminate between terrain types (10% reclassification error). Body-worn sensors can characterize how uneven terrain affects gait, gait variability, and metabolic cost in the real world.
Highly heterogeneous long-range interactions explain chromosome compartmentalization
Authors: Eidelman Y.A. , Salnikov I.V. , Slanina S.V. , Andreev S.G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe explanation for the compartmentalization of the chromosome contact maps observed by Hi-C method is still an unsolved mystery. The most natural and generally accepted explanation is that blocks of frequent/rare contacts on the entire map are associated with the existence of blocks of homogeneous elements along the chromosome that interact in 3D so that elements of the same type interact frequently and those of different types rarely. We study the polymer model of the chromosome, in which there are neither blocks of homogeneous elements nor homogeneous interactions and all the interaction energies are different. We demonstrate that such a heteropolymer model is able to describe chromosomal maps with high accuracy. The differences from compartment polymer models of chromosomes, which actually reflect the mechanism of microphase separation in polymers, are discussed further.
Microgravity modulates effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on cancer cell migration
Authors: Prasanth Devika , Suresh Sindhuja , Prathivadhi-Bhayankaram Sruti , Mimlitz Michael , Zetocha Noah , Lee Bong , Ekpenyong Andrew 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicrogravity or the condition of apparent weightlessness causes bone, muscular and immune system dysfunctions in astronauts following spaceflights. These organ and system-level dysfunctions correlate with changes induced at the single cell level both by simulated microgravity on earth as well as microgravity conditions in outer space (as in the international space station). Reported changes in single bone cells, muscle cells and white blood cells include structural/morphological abnormalities, changes in gene expression, protein expression, metabolic pathways and signaling pathways, suggesting that cells mount some response or adjustment to microgravity. However, the implications of such adjustments on many cellular functions and responses are not clear largely because the primary mechanism of gravity sensing in animal cells is unknown. Here we used a rotary cell culture system developed by NASA, to subject leukemic and erythroleukemic cancer cells to microgravity for 48 hours and then quantified their innate immune-response to common anti-cancer drugs using biophysical parameters and our recently developed quantum-dots-based fluorescence spectroscopy. We found that leukemic cancer cells treated with daunorubicin show increased chemotactic migration (p < 0.01) following simulated microgravity (μg) compared to normal gravity on earth (1g). However, cells treated with doxorubicin showed enhanced migration both in 1g and following μg. Our results show that microgravity modulates cancer cell response to chemotherapy in a drug-dependent manner. These results suggest using simulated microgravity as an immunomodulatory tool for the development of new immunotherapies for both space and terrestrial medicine.
Structural basis for pore blockade of the human cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 by tetrodotoxin and quinidine
Authors: Li Zhangqiang , Jin Xueqin , Huang Gaoxingyu , Wu Kun , Lei Jianlin , Pan Xiaojing , Yan Nieng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAmong the nine subtypes of human voltage-gated Na+(Nav) channels, tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant Nav1.5 is the primary one in heart. More than 400 point mutations have been identified in Nav1.5 that are associated with cardiac disorders exemplified by type 3 long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome, making Nav1.5 a common target for class I antiarrythmic drugs. Here we present the cryo-EM structures of Nav1.5 bound to quinidine and TTX with resolutions at 3.2 Å and 3.3 Å, respectively, for the pore domain. The structures allow mapping of 278 disease-related mutations in the resolved region, establishing the framework for mechanistic investigation of these pathogenic mutations. Quinidine is positioned right below the selectivity filter and coordinated by residues from repeats I, III, and IV. Pore blockade is achieved through both direct obstruction of the ion permeation path and induced rotation of a Tyr residue that leads to intracellular gate closure. Structural comparison of Nav1.5 with our previously reported Nav1.2/1.4/1.7 reveals the molecular determinant for the different susceptibility to TTX by TTX-resistant and -sensitive Navsubtypes, and highlights the functional significance of the underexplored and least conserved extracellular loops.
Migrant workers in a global city: the case of contemporary Hong Kong
Authors: Lai Yingtong , Li Aijia 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Previous research has documented the ways that migration contributed to the rise of Hong Kong as a global city by the early 1990s. Much academic attention has been paid to the causes of labor migration and issues related to the adaptation of migrant workers in Hong Kong. Based on a review of such studies, the purpose of this paper is to describe three representative groups of migrant workers in Hong Kong and discuss how research on migrant workers in Hong Kong has provided new insights to the global city literature and to the study of development and migration.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reviews published works regarding migrant workers in Hong Kong since 1996. Discussion focuses on three representative groups: high-skilled immigrants from developed countries, low-skilled migrant workers from less developed regions and mainland Chinese immigrants.

Findings
Findings suggest that the migration patterns and challenges of the adaptation of migrant workers in Hong Kong correspond largely to the social polarization thesis proposed by global city literature. However, Hong Kong is unique compared to core global cities in the USA and Western Europe due to its special power relationship with mainland China and its colonial history, which have a significant impact on immigrants’ decision to migrate and their post-migration integration.

Originality/value
This review paper provides a better understanding of migration and development, and highlights new factors that contribute to reasons for migration and challenges of integration for migrant workers in the host society.
Digital marketing and tourism: opportunities for Africa
Authors: Mkwizu Kezia Herman 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore digital marketing and tourism with a focus on opportunities with a case study of Africa, motivated by developments in tourism particularly the increase in tourist arrivals and the growth of digital statistics in the digital era.

Design/methodology/approach
Literature review as a research methodology was adopted in this study, and the integrative literature review was the method used as well as content analysis to review studies in digital marketing and tourism relating to Africa.

Findings
This paper reveals that digital media, content and mobile advertising are among the trends in digital marketing and, thus, affords Africa the opportunity to market its attractions to tourists in this digital era.

Research limitations/implications
Future studies can explore quantitative and qualitative methods to understand the phenomenon of digital marketing in relation to tourism.

Practical implications
Other countries within Africa to adopt similar digital marketing such as digital media and creative content in order to manage the digitization of marketing activities in the tourism sector.

Originality/value
This study explores digital marketing and tourism with a focus on opportunities for Africa as a case study by specifically examining social media marketing in relation to tourist arrivals using integrative literature review and content analysis methods.
Flood resilience in Malaysian cities: a case study of two towns in Johor state
Authors: Karki Tej Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This paper has carried out a case study of two flood-prone towns in Johor state, Malaysia, to understand how resilient the residents and local authorities were in dealing with the flood disasters in terms of their ability to anticipate, mobilize institutional resources, adapt and respond.

Design/methodology/approach
This research conducted semi-structured interviews with flood-affected residents, flood disaster managers and planners, and assessed land use regulations and institutional strengths to answer the research question.

Findings
The results showed that the residents’ anticipatory capacity to flood risks was weak and both the human and institutional resources were insufficient in coping with and responding to urban flooding.

Research limitations/implications
This research has not carried out questionnaire survey of large number of residents. It is based on semi-structured interview of ten residents in two Malaysian cities.

Practical implications
The insights drawn from this research would help develop flood-resilient policies for Malaysian cities. The global communities exposed to flood disasters too benefit from the Malaysia’s minute but crucial human and institutional experiences in urban flooding.

Social implications
Being resilient to all these small but important flood concerns has huge potential to reduce vulnerability and disaster risks and protect the lives and properties of flood affected urban residents.

Originality/value
The research focus in Malaysia is less on flood resilience and more on flood modeling and hydrology analysis. In this sense, this research is new because it talks more on flood vulnerability and resilience issues at the community level and gives a perspective on current Malaysian town's state of flood resilience culture and practices.
Participation of Iranian non-governmental organizations in health policy-making; barriers and strategies for development
Authors: Khodayari-Zarnaq Rahim , Kakemam Edris , Arab-Zozani Morteza , Rasouli Jamal , Sokhanvar Mobin 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe effectiveness of non-governmental organization (NGO) participation in the healthcare sector has been demonstrated globally. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the status of Iranian NGOs’ contribution to health policy-making, the barriers to and strategies for developing their contribution.Design/methodology/approachIn this qualitative study, 25 participants were recruited from health-related NGOs in Tabriz, Iran. Semi-structured, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted. Furthermore, a set of relevant documents were collected and their contents evaluated. The text of documents and interviews were analyzed using a thematic (deductive–inductive) approach using NVivo software.FindingsMost NGO activity has been in the area of providing services, whereas the least amount of activity has been in the domain of policy-making. Factors that were influential for NGO participation in policy-making were divided into three categories: those related to government, to civil society and within NGOs themselves. The primary barriers to participation in policy-making were related to government and the way that NGOs operated. Recommendations include the production of supportive law, financial aid to NGO and infrastructure that facilitates NGO participation.Practical implicationsFinancial support from the government and legislation of supportive laws could help to realize the potential of NGOs.Originality/valueNo such research has been undertaken before to evaluate what activities health-related NGOs undertake, their contribution in health policy-making and obstacles and facilitators of this contribution. NGOs can play a key role in ensuring accountability, transparency and empower citizens to demand basic health services from government.
Behavior of investor flows in Israeli provident funds
Authors: Arbaa Ofer , Varon Eva 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the sensitivity of provident fund investors to past performance and how market conditions, changes in risk and liquidity levels influence the net flows into provident funds by using a unique sample from Israel.

Design/methodology/approach
The study checks the impact of different levels of fund performance on provident fund flows using three alternative proxies for performance: raw return and the risk adjusted returns based on the Sharpe ratio and the Jensen’s α. The analysis relies on the time fixed effect and fund fixed effect regression models.

Findings
Results reveal that there exists an approximately concave flow–performance relationship and performance persistence among Israeli provident funds. Israeli provident fund investors are risk averse so they overreact to bad performance both in bull and bear markets. Moreover, liquidity is an important factor to influence the flow–performance curve. The investors’ strong negative response to poor performance and relative insensitivity to outperformance show that provident fund managers are not rewarded for their risk-shifting activities as in mutual funds.

Originality/value
The authors explore the behavior of investor flows in non-institutional retirement savings funds specifically outside of the USA, which is a topic not properly investigated in literature. Moreover, examining inflows and outflows separately gives the authors a richer understanding of investors in pension schemes. This study also enhances the understanding of the impact of fund liquidity on the flow–performance relationship for the retirement funds segment.
Effect of journal misalignment and coupled-stress lubricant on the film pressure of a double-layered porous journal bearing
Authors: Some Shitendu , Guha Sisir Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
In the application of hydrostatic double-layered porous journal bearings, misalignment of bearing systems is a major problem. On the other hand, the use of coupled-stress fluid as a lubricant is more practical in the present days. Furthermore, in case of porous bearing, neglecting slip effect and percolation effect of additives into the pores may lead to erroneous result. Hence, this paper aims to address the effect of journal misalignment and coupled-stress lubricant on the steady-state film pressure of the double-layered porous journal bearing with tangential velocity slip and percolation effect.

Design/methodology/approach
First, considering the tangential velocity slip, the most general modified Reynolds type equation has been derived for the film region and the governing equations for flow in the coarse and fine layers of porous medium, incorporating the percolation effect for a double-layered porous bearing. Here, considering the misalignment caused by shaft displacement. Film thickness expression established considering the effect of misalignment. Steady-state film pressures are obtained by solving modified Reynolds equation based on the coupled-stress lubrication theory. Effects of journal misalignment and coupled-stress lubricant on the pressure profiles in the film region are discussed and demonstrated in the graphical form.

Findings
In this paper, effects of journal misalignment and coupled-stress lubricant on the pressure profiles in the film region are obtained. In general, higher degree of misalignment gives higher steady-state pressure value in the film region, and this pressure increases due to increase in coupled-stress parameter up to a certain limit.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, there is no literature available, so far, that addresses the analysis of the steady-state pressure in the film region of a doubled–layered porous journal bearing under misaligned condition with coupled-stress lubricant. But in this paper all these points are included, which makes this article valuable in design purpose.
Role of coffeehouse brand experiences (sensory/affective/intellectual/behavioral) in forming patrons’ repurchase intention
Authors: Han Heesup , Lee Kai-Sean , Song HakJun , Lee Sanghyeop , Chua Bee-Lia 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interrelationships among coffeehouse brand experiences, customer satisfaction and perceived value in generating patrons’ repeat purchase intention.

Design/methodology/approach
The survey sample consisted of 379 coffeehouse patrons who visited an international chain coffeehouse in a metropolitan city of South Korea.

Findings
The results of the structural equation modeling revealed that a coffeehouse brand experience exerted a significant influence on customer satisfaction and perceived value. The repurchase intention was found to be a significant and positive function of customer satisfaction and perceived value. Moreover, the result of the metric invariance test demonstrated a significant moderating impact on the relationships between coffeehouse brand experiences and customer satisfaction, coffeehouse brand experiences and perceived value, and customer satisfaction and repurchase intention.

Research limitations/implications
An examination of the moderating role of switching costs demonstrated that the relationships between coffeehouse brand experiences and customer satisfaction, between coffeehouse brand experiences and perceived value and between customer satisfaction and repurchase intention differed across switching costs groups. More specifically, the relationship strength was greater for the high group of switching costs than for the low group.

Originality/value
The present study provides coffeehouse management with a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of patrons’ repurchase decision generation process.
Perceptions of blended destination image: the case of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil
Authors: Valduga Manoela Carrillo , Breda Zélia , Costa Carlos Martins 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the image of Brazil and Rio de Janeiro as a blended tourism destination (TD) image, by examining the categories of the image, and whether it is positive or negative and cognitive or affective.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative approach was employed to verify the relations between the image of Brazil and Rio de Janeiro by visit, location, categories and subcategories and dimensions. Data were collected online from a “snowball” sample and were analyzed applying non-parametric hypothesis testing. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 25.0 for Windows.FindingsResults reveal that respondents share the same image of the city of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, a conclusion that is partially confirmed by statistical findings. The quantitative results also showed that the image is positive and “natural attractions” and “unique city attractions” are, respectively, the most mentioned subcategory and category. Cognitive attributes of the image have been more mentioned than affective ones.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, the image of Brazil and Rio de Janeiro as a blended TD image has never been explored before, however, it has been assumed as being the same.
Approaching life story interviews as sites of interaction
Authors: Asplund Stig-Börje , Pérez Prieto Héctor 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore what conversation analysis has to offer when analysing a series of life story interviews aiming to capture how reading and texts are used in a rural working-class man’s identity construction.

Design/methodology/approach
The conversation analysis methodology with its explicit focus on embodied social action, activity and conduct in interaction is integrated with a life story approach when analysing and describing the identity constructing processes that take place in life story interview settings.

Findings
Through a close and detailed analysis of the interaction between interviewer and interviewee, and by focusing and highlighting the phenomena and identities that are oriented to in the face-to-face interaction here and now (and in relation to there and then), descriptions of the complex and dynamic identity constructing processes that are set into play in the life story interview are possible.

Research limitations/implications
It is argued that the approach has a lot to offer when approaching life story data, and thus is a method that can increase the transparency in life story interview research.

Originality/value
The paper explores the intersection of what is often seen as diametrically opposed forms of analysis: conversation analysis and narrative inquiry.
By applying an ARDL bounds testing approach and causality test to investigate the electricity consumption and production with economic growth
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Irfan Muhammad , Hena Sehresh , Chandio Abbas Ali 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore and investigate the electricity consumption and production and its linkage to economic growth in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used an augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test to check the stationarity of the variables, while an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach and causality test were applied to investigate the variables long-term association with the economic growth.

Findings
The study results show that electricity consumption in the agriculture, commercial and industrial sector has significant association with economic growth, while electricity consumption in the household and street lights demonstrate a non-significant association with the economic growth. Furthermore, results also exposed that electricity production from coal, hydroelectric, natural gas, nuclear and oil sources have significant association with the economic growth of Pakistan.

Originality/value
This study made a contribution to the literature regarding electricity consumption and production with economic growth in Pakistan by using an ARDL bounds testing approach and causality test. This study provides a guideline to the government of Pakistan that possible steps are needed to improve the electricity production and supply to fulfill the country demand.