bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Housing Conditions Linked to Tick (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Infestation in Rural Areas of Colombia: A Potential Risk for Rickettsial Transmission
Authors: Quintero V Juan C , Mignone Javier , Osorio Q Lisardo , Cienfuegos-Gallet Astrid V , Rojas A Carlos 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This cross-sectional study explores the different conditions related to the infestation of ticks in households and the potential risks for rickettsial transmission in Urabá, Colombia. The main outcome of interest was villagers’ perception of tick infestation. The data were analyzed using a clog-log mixed regression model. Ticks were collected from infested humans to diagnose infection by spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR). In addition, a thematic analysis of qualitative data from key informants concerning knowledge about ticks was conducted. The prevalence of infestation of ticks in households was estimated at 60.99% (95% CI: 51.58–93.51). The multivariate model suggested that households with palm leaf roofs (PR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.19–2.95), canines (PR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.21–2.46), rats (PR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.45–3.08), and with the presence of opossums in areas surrounding the households (PR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.05–2.10) had a higher prevalence of tick infestation. Two samples of the tick species Amblyomma patinoi were found infected with Rickettsia amblyommatis and Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi. A thematic analysis provided the names that local community members give to ticks, areas where ticks are common, and the individuals at risk of infestation. The presence of domestic, synanthropic, and wild animals suggests a high risk of the dissemination of ticks inside dwellings and close to them in these rural areas.
Femoral condylar locking compression plates: a case series. The Rural District General Hospital Experience
Authors: Jones Benjamin Maurice , Nugent Luke , Griffin Stuart James 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Most studies regarding the use of locking condylar plates in distal femoral fractures have been carried out in tertiary centres. The aim of this case series was to examine outcomes for patients managed in a rural setting and to answer the question: ‘should we be shipping these patients out to a regional trauma centre?’ Recent insertions of condylar locking compression plates (LCPs) at a rural district general hospital were examined. (All used the Synthes LCP Condylar Plate 4.5/5.0 periarticular plating system). Their clinical records and radiology were reviewed to identify failure rates and facilitate discussion of such cases. Of 36 reviewed cases, 4 instances of failure were identified (11%), and their cases are discussed individually herein. This review not only affords the opportunity to discuss cases of failure and to speculate upon their potential causes, but also highlights reassuringly high quality of outcomes for these patients outside of larger teaching hospitals.
Strategies at points of entry to reduce importation risk of COVID-19 cases and reopen travel
Authors: Dickens Borame L , Koo Joel R , Lim Jue Tao , Sun Haoyang , Clapham Hannah E , Wilder-Smith Annelies , Cook Alex R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
With more countries exiting lockdown, public health safety requires screening measures at international travel entry points that can prevent the reintroduction or importation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2. Here, we estimate the number of cases captured, quarantining days averted and secondary cases expected to occur with screening interventions.

Methods
To estimate active case exportation risk from 153 countries with recorded coronavirus disease-2019 cases and deaths, we created a simple data-driven framework to calculate the number of infectious and upcoming infectious individuals out of 100 000 000 potential travellers from each country, and assessed six importation risk reduction strategies; Strategy 1 (S1) has no screening on entry, S2 tests all travellers and isolates test-positives where those who test negative at 7 days are permitted entry, S3 the equivalent but for a 14 day period, S4 quarantines all travellers for 7 days where all are subsequently permitted entry, S5 the equivalent for 14 days and S6 the testing of all travellers and prevention of entry for those who test positive.

Results
The average reduction in case importation across countries relative to S1 is 90.2% for S2, 91.7% for S3, 55.4% for S4, 91.2% for S5 and 77.2% for S6. An average of 79.6% of infected travellers are infectious upon arrival. For the top 100 exporting countries, an 88.2% average reduction in secondary cases is expected through S2 with the 7-day isolation of test-positives, increasing to 92.1% for S3 for 14-day isolation. A substantially smaller reduction of 30.0% is expected for 7-day all traveller quarantining, increasing to 84.3% for 14-day all traveller quarantining.

Conclusions
The testing and isolation of test-positives should be implemented provided good testing practices are in place. If testing is not feasible, quarantining for a minimum of 14 days is recommended with strict adherence measures in place.
Elucidating the role of polygalacturonase genes in strawberry fruit softening
Authors: Paniagua Candelas , Ric-Varas Pablo , García-Gago Juan A , López-Casado Gloria , Blanco-Portales Rosario , Muñoz-Blanco Juan , Schückel Julia , Knox J Paul , Matas Antonio J , Quesada Miguel A , Posé Sara , Mercado José A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
To disentangle the role of polygalacturonase (PG) genes in strawberry softening, the two PG genes most expressed in ripe receptacles, FaPG1 and FaPG2, were down-regulated. Transgenic ripe fruits were firmer than those of the wild type when PG genes were silenced individually. Simultaneous silencing of both PG genes by transgene stacking did not result in an additional increase in firmness. Cell walls from ripe fruits were characterized by a carbohydrate microarray. Higher signals of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan I pectin epitopes in polysaccharide fractions tightly bound to the cell wall were observed in the transgenic genotypes, suggesting a lower pectin solubilization. At the transcriptomic level, the suppression of FaPG1 or FaPG2 alone induced few transcriptomic changes in the ripe receptacle, but the amount of differentially expressed genes increased notably when both genes were silenced. Many genes encoding cell wall-modifying enzymes were down-regulated. The expression of a putative high affinity potassium transporter was induced in all transgenic genotypes, indicating that cell wall weakening and loss of cell turgor could be linked. These results suggest that, besides the disassembly of pectins tightly linked to the cell wall, PGs could play other roles in strawberry softening, such as the release of oligogalacturonides exerting a positive feedback in softening.
Plastid chaperone HSP90C guides precursor proteins to the SEC translocase for thylakoid transport
Authors: Jiang Tim , Mu Bona , Zhao Rongmin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChloroplast stromal factors involved in regulating thylakoid protein targeting are poorly understood. We previously reported that in Arabidopsis thaliana, the stromal-localized chaperone HSP90C (plastid heat shock protein 90) interacted with the nuclear-encoded thylakoid lumen protein PsbO1 (PSII subunit O isoform 1) and suggested a role for HSP90C in aiding PsbO1 thylakoid targeting. Using in organello transport assays, particularly with model substrates naturally expressed in stroma, we showed that light, exogenous ATP, and HSP90C activity were required for Sec-dependent transport of green fluorescent protein (GFP) led by the PsbO1 thylakoid targeting sequence. Using a previously identified PsbO1T200A mutant, we provided evidence that a stronger interaction between HSP90C and PsbO1 better facilitated its stroma–thylakoid trafficking. We also demonstrated that SecY1, the channel protein of the thylakoid SEC translocase, specifically interacted with HSP90C in vivo. Inhibition of the chaperone ATPase activity suppressed the association of the PsbO1GFP–HSP90C complex with SecY1. Together with analyzing the expression and accumulation of a few other thylakoid proteins that utilize the SRP, TAT, or SEC translocation pathways, we propose a model in which HSP90C forms a guiding complex that interacts with thylakoid protein precursors and assists in their specific targeting to the thylakoid SEC translocon.
Automated Partial Versus Complete Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta for the Management of Hemorrhagic Shock in a Pig Model of Polytrauma: a Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Hoareau Guillaume L , Beyer Carl A , Caples Connor A , Spruce Marguerite W , Kevin Grayson J , Neff Lucas P , Williams Timothy K , Johnson M Austin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionEndovascular variable aortic control (EVAC) is an automated partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) platform designed to mitigate the deleterious effects of complete REBOA. Long-term experiments are needed to assess potential benefits. The feasibility of a 24-hour experiment in a complex large animal trauma model remains unknown.Materials and methodsAnesthetized swine were subjected to controlled hemorrhage, blunt thoracic trauma, and tibial fractures. Animals were then randomized (N = 3/group) to control (No balloon support), 90 minutes of complete supraceliac REBOA, or 10 minutes of supraceliac REBOA followed by 80 minutes of EVAC. One hundred ten minutes after injury, animals were resuscitated with shed blood, the REBOA catheter was removed. Automated critical care under general anesthesia was maintained for 24 hours.ResultsAnimals in the control and EVAC groups survived to the end of the experiment. Animals in the REBOA group survived for 120, 130, and 660 minutes, respectively. Animals in the EVAC group displayed similar mean arterial pressure and plasma lactate concentration as the control group by the end of the experiment. Histologic analysis suggested myocardial injury in the REBOA group when compared with controls.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of intermediate-term experiments in a complex swine model of polytrauma with 90 minutes of REBOA. EVAC may be associated with improved survival at 24 hours when compared with complete REBOA. EVAC resulted in normalized physiology after 24 hours, suggesting that prolonged partial occlusion is possible. Longer studies evaluating partial REBOA strategies are needed.
Considerations for atmospheric retrieval of high-precision brown dwarf spectra
Authors: Piette Anjali A A , Madhusudhan Nikku 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Isolated brown dwarfs provide remarkable laboratories for understanding atmospheric physics in the low-irradiation regime, and can be observed more precisely than exoplanets. As such, they provide a glimpse into the future of high-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) observations of exoplanets. In this work, we investigate several new considerations that are important for atmospheric retrievals of high-quality thermal emission spectra of sub-stellar objects. We pursue this using an adaptation of the h y dra atmospheric retrieval code. We propose a parametric pressure–temperature (P–T) profile for brown dwarfs consisting of multiple atmospheric layers, parametrized by the temperature change across each layer. This model allows the steep temperature gradient of brown dwarf atmospheres to be accurately retrieved while avoiding commonly encountered numerical artefacts. The P–T model is especially flexible in the photosphere, which can reach a few tens of bar for T-dwarfs. We demonstrate an approach to include model uncertainties in the retrieval, focusing on uncertainties introduced by finite spectral and vertical resolution in the atmospheric model used for retrieval (∼8 per cent in the present case). We validate our retrieval framework by applying it to a simulated data set and then apply it to the HST/WFC3 (Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide-Field Camera 3) spectrum of the T-dwarf 2MASS J2339+1352. We retrieve sub-solar abundances of H2O and CH4 in the object at ∼0.1 dex precision. Additionally, we constrain the temperature structure to within ∼100 K in the photosphere. Our results demonstrate the promise of high-SNR spectra to provide high-precision abundance estimates of sub-stellar objects.
The clustering of gamma-ray bursts in the Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall: the largest structure in the Universe?
Authors: Horvath I , Szécsi D , Hakkila J , Szabó Á , Racz I I , Tóth L V , Pinter S , Bagoly Z 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall is a statistically significant clustering of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) around redshift 2. Motivated by recent theoretical results indicating that a maximal Universal structure size may indeed coincide with its estimated size (2–3 Gpc), we reexamine the question of this Great Wall’s existence from both observational and theoretical perspectives. Our statistical analyses confirm the clustering’s presence in the most reliable data set currently available, and we present a video showing what this data set looks like in 3D. Cosmological explanations (i.e. having to do with the distribution of gravitating matter) and astrophysical explanations (i.e. having to do with the rate of star formation over cosmic time and space) regarding the origin of such a structure are presented and briefly discussed and the role of observational bias is also discussed at length. This, together with the scientific importance of using GRBs as unique cosmological probes, emphasises the need for future missions such as the THESEUS satellite, which will provide us with unprecedentedly homogeneous data of GRBs with measured redshifts. We conclude from all this that the Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall may indeed be the largest structure in the Universe – but to be able to decide conclusively whether it actually exists, we need THESEUS.
On the cavity size in circumbinary discs
Authors: Hirsh Kieran , Price Daniel J , Gonzalez Jean-François , Ubeira-Gabellini M Giulia , Ragusa Enrico 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
How does the cavity size in circumbinary discs depend on disc and binary properties? We investigate by simulating disc cavities carved by binary companions using smoothed particle hydrodynamics. We find that a cavity is quickly opened on the dynamical time, while the cavity size is set on the viscous time. In agreement with previous findings, we find long-term cavity sizes of 2–5 times the binary semimajor axis, increasing with eccentricity and decreasing with disc aspect ratio. When considering binaries inclined with respect to the disc, we find three regimes: (i) discs that evolve towards a coplanar orbit have a large cavity, slightly smaller than that of an initially coplanar disc; (ii) discs that evolve towards a polar orbit by breaking have a small cavity, equal in size to that of an initially polar disc; and (iii) discs that evolve towards a polar orbit via warping have an intermediate-sized cavity. We find typical gas depletions inside the cavity of ≳2 orders of magnitude in surface density.
The hestia project: simulations of the Local Group
Authors: Libeskind Noam I , Carlesi Edoardo , Grand Robert J J , Khalatyan Arman , Knebe Alexander , Pakmor Ruediger , Pilipenko Sergey , Pawlowski Marcel S , Sparre Martin , Tempel Elmo , Wang Peng , Courtois Hélène M , Gottlöber Stefan , Hoffman Yehuda , Minchev Ivan , Pfrommer Christoph , Sorce Jenny G , Springel Volker , Steinmetz Matthias , Tully R Brent , Vogelsberger Mark , Yepes Gustavo 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the hestia simulation suite: High-resolutions Environmental Simulations of The Immediate Area, a set of cosmological simulations of the Local Group. Initial conditions constrained by the observed peculiar velocity of nearby galaxies are employed to accurately simulate the local cosmography. Halo pairs that resemble the Local Group are found in low resolutions constrained, dark matter only simulations, and selected for higher resolution magneto hydrodynamic simulation using the arepo code. Baryonic physics follows the auriga model of galaxy formation. The simulations contain a high-resolution region of 3–5 Mpc in radius from the Local Group mid-point embedded in the correct cosmographic landscape. Within this region, a simulated Local Group consisting of a Milky Way and Andromeda like galaxy forms, whose description is in excellent agreement with observations. The simulated Local Group galaxies resemble the Milky Way and Andromeda in terms of their halo mass, mass ratio, stellar disc mass, morphology separation, relative velocity, rotation curves, bulge-disc morphology, satellite galaxy stellar mass function, satellite radial distribution, and in some cases, the presence of a Magellanic cloud like object. Because these simulations properly model the Local Group in their cosmographic context, they provide a testing ground for questions where environment is thought to play an important role.
The nature of CR7 revealed with MUSE: a young starburst powering extended Ly α emission at z = 6.6
Authors: Matthee Jorryt , Pezzulli Gabriele , Mackenzie Ruari , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Kusakabe Haruka , Leclercq Floriane , Sobral David , Richard Johan , Wisotzki Lutz , Lilly Simon , Boogaard Leindert , Marino Raffaella , Maseda Michael , Nanayakkara Themiya 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTCR7 is among the most luminous Ly α emitters (LAEs) known at z = 6.6 and consists of at least three UV components that are surrounded by Ly α emission. Previous studies have suggested that it may host an extreme ionizing source. Here, we present deep integral field spectroscopy of CR7 with VLT/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE). We measure extended emission with a similar halo scale length as typical LAEs at z ≈ 5. CR7’s Ly α halo is clearly elongated along the direction connecting the multiple components, likely tracing the underlying gas distribution. The Ly α emission originates almost exclusively from the brightest UV component, but we also identify a faint kinematically distinct Ly α emitting region nearby a fainter component. Combined with new near-infrared data, the MUSE data show that the rest-frame Ly α equivalent width (EW) is ≈100 Å. This is a factor 4 higher than the EW measured in low-redshift analogues with carefully matched Ly α profiles (and thus arguably H i column density), but this EW can plausibly be explained by star formation. Alternative scenarios requiring active galactic nucleus (AGN) powering are also disfavoured by the narrower and steeper Ly α spectrum and much smaller IR to UV ratio compared to obscured AGN in other Ly α blobs. CR7’s Ly α emission, while extremely luminous, resembles the emission in more common LAEs at lower redshifts very well and is likely powered by a young metal-poor starburst.
Constructing a multivariate distribution function with a vine copula: towards multivariate luminosity and mass functions
Authors: Takeuchi Tsutomu T , Kono Kai T 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe need for a method to construct multidimensional distribution function is increasing recently, in the era of huge multiwavelength surveys. We have proposed a systematic method to build a bivariate luminosity or mass function of galaxies by using a copula. It allows us to construct a distribution function when only its marginal distributions are known, and we have to estimate the dependence structure from data. A typical example is the situation that we have univariate luminosity functions at some wavelengths for a survey, but the joint distribution is unknown. Main limitation of the copula method is that it is not easy to extend a joint function to higher dimensions (d &gt; 2), except some special cases like multidimensional Gaussian. Even if we find such a multivariate analytic function in some fortunate case, it would often be inflexible and impractical. In this work, we show a systematic method to extend the copula method to unlimitedly higher dimensions by a vine copula. This is based on the pair-copula decomposition of a general multivariate distribution. We show how the vine copula construction is flexible and extendable. We also present an example of the construction of a stellar mass–atomic gas–molecular gas three-dimensional mass function. We demonstrate the maximum likelihood estimation of the best functional form for this function, as well as a proper model selection via vine copula.
How fast do young star clusters expel their natal gas? Estimating the upper limit of the gas expulsion time-scale
Authors: Dinnbier František , Walch Stefanie 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Formation of massive stars within embedded star clusters starts a complex interplay between their feedback, inflowing gas, and stellar dynamics, which often includes close stellar encounters. Hydrodynamical simulations usually resort to substantial simplifications to model embedded clusters. Here, we address the simplification which approximates the whole star cluster by a single sink particle, which completely neglects the internal stellar dynamics. In order to model the internal stellar dynamics, we implement a Hermite predictor–corrector integration scheme to the hydrodynamic code flash. As we illustrate by a suite of tests, this integrator significantly outperforms the current leap-frog scheme, and it is able to follow the dynamics of small compact stellar systems without the necessity to soften the gravitational potential. We find that resolving individual massive stars instead of representing the whole cluster by a single energetic source has a profound influence on the gas component: for clusters of mass less than $\approx3 \times 10^3 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ , it slows gas expulsion by a factor of ≈5 to $\approx 1 \, \mathrm{Myr}$, and it results in substantially more complex gas structures. With increasing cluster mass (up to $\approx 3\times 10^3 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$), the gas expulsion time-scale slightly decreases. However, more massive clusters ($\gtrsim 5\times 10^3 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) are unable to clear their natal gas with photoionizing radiation and stellar winds only if they form with a star formation efficiency (SFE) of 1/3. This implies that the more massive clusters are either cleared with another feedback mechanism or they form with an SFE higher than 1/3.