bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Related Differences in Infection Intensity, Prevalence and Risk of Schistosoma Mansoni and Schistosoma Haematobium: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Ayabina Diepreye , Clark Jessica , Toor Jaspreet 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The varying extent to which schistosomiasis affects human males and females, depending on context and individual health status is unclear. A key step towards achieving equitable health outcomes and health care delivery is understanding how schistosomiasis is distributed by sex. The purpose of this review is to systematically investigate sex differences in intensity and prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium infections. Methods: The systematic review will be conducted and reported based on the items outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. Ovid-MEDLINE, PubMed, Ovid-PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible studies published between inception and March 2020. Observational and intervention studies reporting data on the prevalence and/or intensity of schistosomiasis (S. mansoni/S. haematobium) distributed by sex in any population group will be included. Hand searches for further relevant publications will also be undertaken. Using a defined criterion, search results have been screened independently and in duplicate by three reviewers, any disputes were resolved by team consensus. Study and population characteristics will be extracted from eligible publications and stored in a structured data extraction sheet in Microsoft Excel. A descriptive synthesis of the results will be undertaken in line with the outcomes of this study.Discussion: This review aims to provide a current overview of the distribution of the burden of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium by sex. An understanding of the sex distribution of schistosomiasis will play an important role in designing treatment strategies aimed towards prevention and control.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020175165
Validation of Next-Generation Sequencing and Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization for Diagnosis and Screening of Reciprocal and Robertsonian Translocations in Human Blastocysts
Authors: Du Shengrong , Lin Yun-Hong , Sun Yan , Chen Qing-Fen , Huang Zhi-Qing , Su Jing-Qian , Zheng Bei-Hong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Advances in biotechnology, especially next-generation sequencing (NGS) and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) approaches, have improved preimplantation genetic screening; however, these methods have not been directly compared. This study was carried out to identify the more promising method for screening reciprocal and Robertsonian translocations. Here, blastocysts from carriers with reciprocal and Robertsonian translocations were retrospectively evaluated and results from preimplantation genetic testing in 272 blastocytes were analysed for parental unbalanced translocations using aCGH and NGS. Results: There was no significant difference in the no embryo-transfer rate between aCGH and NGS. Among 59 blastocysts screened in the aCGH group, 32.76% were normal embryos and 67.24% were abnormal embryos, including 36.21% embryos with a translocation, 17.24% with no translocation, and 15.52% with combined abnormalities. Similar results were obtained from the 214 blastocysts tested in the NGS group. In women <35-years, more normal blastocysts were identified in the NGS group compared to the aCGH group. There was a higher rate of euploidy among blastocysts with higher quality grades in the NGS group than in the aCGH group for the trophectoderm (43.51% vs 29.41%) and inner cell mass (59.11% vs 25.00%). Conclusion: Equivalent clinical findings were observed for aCGH and NGS for parental reciprocal chromosomal translocations. However, NGS has the potential to overcome the inherent limitations of aCGH, including the detection of mosaicism and smaller partial gains/losses, thereby providing improvements in the detection of euploid blastocysts, along with enhanced reliability and sensitivity.
Aplastic Crisis Induced by Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in a Previously Healthy Adult Male
Authors: Li Fan , Cheng Jinying , Liu Linlin , Ding Guofeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Human parvovirus B19 (B19 V) induced aplastic crisis is very rare and in this paper, we describe a healthy adult male suddenly developed acute aplastic crisis induced by B19 V was found to have hereditary spherocytosis (HS).Case presentation: A 31-year-old male presented with fever, general fatigue and dizziness. The complete blood counts showed severe anemia. Folate levels, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels, the direct Coombs' test and osmotic fragility tests were all normal. And B19 V infection was proven both by the detection of B19 V DNA using PCR and the presence of B19 V IgM by serology and the patient improved following six units of packed red blood cells and antiviral treatment.Conclusions: This is the first report to describe a case with B19 V, EBV and CMV co-infection diagnosed in a patient with HS in China and DNA test of B19 V is recommended in acute aplastic crisis diseases.
The Determinant Role of miR-19 in Neural Stem Cell Fate: The Red Light to the Neuronal Differentiation and the Green Light to the Oligodendrocyte Differentiation
Authors: Shokri Gelareh , Rezaei Reza , Esfandiari Mahla , Tasharrofi Nooshin , Fathi-roodsari Mehrnoosh , Hashemi Mehrdad , Kouhkan Fatemeh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The precise epigenetic pathways and mechanisms involved in determining the fate of neural progenitor stem cells (NPCs) into differentiated neural lineages including oligodendrocytes (OLs) is an unresolved issue. MiRNAs are one of the key differentiating factors whose aberrant expression has been shown to disturb proper development. In the present study the leading role of miR-19 in NPCs differentiation to OLs was investigated.Methods MiR-19 was overexpressed in hiPSC derived NPCs and for confirming differentiation to the desired cell line, i.e. OL, the expression of cell line-specific genes was evaluated by Real-Time PCR. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) precursor in the differentiated cells was studied by Flow cytometry. Luciferase activity was also measured to confirm the interaction of miR-19 with the 3’UTR of mRNA of the putative genes. Results Our results indicate that the upregulation of miR-19 is a contributing factor in determining NPCs' fate and the timing of progenitor division arrest. MiR-19 can cause a significant expression of OL markers. Besides, miR-19 repressed proneuronal differentiation factors including NeuroD1, NeuroD4, and neurogenin. Moreover, the higher expression of miR-19 could downregulate SOX4, SOX5, and SOX6 genes, which are involved in inhibiting OL differentiation and maturation. Conclusions Our finding demonstrated the functional link of miR-19 to regulatory networks of NPCs differentiation, as well as introduced a new strategy for modulating OL fate commitment and development of novel cell therapies.
Genomic characterization of carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli from multiple hospitals in Nanjing, China: focusing on frequent co-occurrence of blaNDM and blaKPC-2
Authors: Cao Xiaoli , Zheng Jie , Cheng Li , Zhou Wanqing , Zhang Zhifeng , Zhang Kui , Shen Han , Hamprecht Axel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

The increasing emergence of carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) poses a potential threat to public health, hence genomic characterization of isolates is needed for a better understanding of its transmission and implementation of infection control measures.
Materials and methods

Eleven CREC isolates were collected in 2015 from 6 hospitals in Nanjing, China, and analyzed using whole genome sequencing. Resistance determinants, virulence elements, multi-locus sequence type (MLST), serotypes, phylogeny and fimH types were determined.
Results

All of the CREC carried at least one carbapenemase. NDM-5 (n = 9) was the most frequent carbapenemase, followed by KPC-2 (n = 3) and NDM-1 (n = 2); three isolates produced NDM-5 and KPC-2. Ten out of the 11 isolates co-carried blaCTX-M variants. MLST analysis found 7 distinct STs, including ST410 (n = 2), ST3489 (n = 1), ST156 (n = 1), ST683 (n = 1), ST297 (n = 1), ST167 (n = 1), and ST361 (n = 1). Six distinct serotypes and 8 Fim types were identified. A great diversity of plasmid profiles was observed with plasmid replicon IncX3 being the most frequent (n = 11). Phylogenetic analysis showed great diversity between the 11 CREC isolates and also between 6 additional isolates co-carrying blaNDM and blaKPC which were selected from the strains collection of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital for comparison. Conjugation assays demonstrated that blaNDM was transferable.
Conclusion

NDM is the major carbapenemase among CREC, with NDM-5 being the main variant which can be horizontally disseminated by IncX3 plasmids. These isolates displayed genetic diversity by MLST, Fim typing and serotyping. We herein provided the first report on emergence of NDM-5 producing E. coli ST297, ST683, ST3489, and NDM-1 producing E. coli ST361.
Learning and Teaching Support for Modular-Rating Educational System
Authors: Skrobach Nadiia , Petryna Vitalii , Shapoval Oksana , Vyshyvanyuk Vira 
Published: June 2020

The main purpose of the modular system is to change organizational foundations of the pedagogical process in higher education to those that would ensure its substantial democratization and the conditions for a real change in the student’s role in learning (from the object to the subject of this process), provide the educational process with the necessary flexibility, introduce the principle of teaching individualization.
The regulation on the organization of the educational process in higher educational institutions determines scientific and methodical support that includes the State Standards for Specialties (Course Description, Educational and Professional Program), the curriculum, the syllabus for all normative and elective disciplines, discipline-specific teaching materials, the programs of practices of various kinds, textbooks, manuals, instructional and methodical guidelines, tasks for final, current and state control, etc.
The modular-rating and credit-modular educational systems require a detailed development of the system of learning and teaching support considering students’ individual characteristics to form a methodological culture of thinking of general phenomena and patterns of developing the physical world, as well as the ability of interdisciplinary synthesis and a deep understanding of scientific and professional tasks. The role a teacher plays in the system of such training is to motivate, determine the level of knowledge, consult and inform students, while students transform from passive listeners to active participants of the educational process. Such training enables students to study at their own pace, considering their own abilities and temperament.
The teaching and methodical complex on the discipline is the system of normative, methodical and didactic documents that determine the objectives of learning, the content of an academic discipline, didactically and scientifically substantiated sequence, methods and means of the formation of knowledge, skills, abilities, professional and civic qualities in students.
Cinco desafios para uma teoria do direito
Authors: Lima Flávio 
Published: June 2020

RESUMO:Neste artigo, enuncio cinco desafios intuitivos a serem enfrentados por uma teoria do direito. Na sequência, argumento que a ideia tipicamente positivista de que as atribuições jurídicas possam estar assentadas exclusivamente em fatos descritivos parece conflitar com três deles. Concluo, assim, que a despeito de tanto o interpretativismo quanto o descritivismo serem nalguma medida teorias contraintuitivas, é sobre o segundo que recai um maior ônus argumentativo. ABSTRACT:In this paper, I introduce five intuitive challenges that should be dealt with by theories of law. Then, I argue that the typically positivist idea that the legal ascriptions of a given legal system may be grounded exclusively on descriptive facts seems to conflict with three of those challenges. I conclude that in spite of the fact that both interpretivism and descriptivism are counterintuitive theories about law, it is the latter that has a greater argumentative burden.
Lineamientos básicos de la protección penal adelantada de la vida y salud en el trabajo
Authors: Gallo Patricia 
Published: June 2020

RESÚMEN:En el presente trabajo se analiza a qué pautas debe responder la protección penal de la vida y salud de los trabajadores, frente a los riesgos inherentes de la actividad laboral. Teniendo en cuenta que la principal causa de los accidentes y enfermedades de trabajo consiste en el incumplimiento de las normas de seguridad extrapenales (administrativo/laborales), es necesario -en aras de la eficacia de la protección penal- adelantar la barrera de punición a través de un delito de peligro, como lo ha hecho el legislador español mediante el art. 316 del CP español. Partiendo del contexto en el que se enmarca la necesidad de esta protección penal intensificada (fundamentalmente la actual sociedad de riesgo y los fenómenos de expansión y modernización del Derecho penal), se ponen aquí de manifiesto las características propias a las que responde este especial delito de peligro y que tienen directa relevancia en un adecuado diseño del tipo penal que se postula RESUMO:Neste artigo, analisamos a quais diretrizes a proteção criminal da vida e da saúde dos trabalhadores respondem, contra os riscos inerentes à atividade laboral. Tendo em vista que a principal causa de acidentes e doenças profissionais consiste na violação de normas de segurança extra criminais (administrativas / trabalhistas), é necessário - em prol da eficácia da proteção criminal- avançar a barreira da punição através de um crime de perigo, como o legislador espanhol fez através do art. 316 do CP espanhol. A partir do contexto em que se enquadra a necessidade dessa proteção criminal intensificada (principalmente na atual sociedade de risco e diante dos fenômenos de expansão e modernização do direito penal), serão expostas as características desse crime especial de perigo e que tenham relevância direta para um design adequado do tipo penal postulado.ABSTRACT:In this paper, we analyze to which guidelines the criminal protection of the life and health of the workers must respond, against the inherent risks of the labor activity. Taking into account that the main cause of accidents and occupational diseases consists in the breach of extra-criminal safety regulations (administrative / labor), it is necessary - for the sake of the effectiveness of criminal protection - to advance the puncture barrier through of a crime of danger, as the Spanish legislator has done through art. 316 of the Spanish CP. Starting from the context in which the need for this intensified criminal protection is framed (mainly the current risk society and the phenomena of expansion and modernization of criminal law), the characteristics of this special crime of danger and that have direct relevance in an adequate design of the criminal type that is postulated.
Regulação social e empresas globais. Novos conceitos para velhos problemas?
Authors: Cappellin Paola 
Published: June 2020

RESUMO:O artigo propõe a análise da centralidade da terminologia “Direitos humanos para corporações transnacionais e outras empresas” adotada pela Organização das Nações Unidas - ONU, que renova os programas de regulação social. Esta terminologia pode ser considerada, no debate internacional, uma tentativa para superar e atualizar a difusão do lema “responsabilidade social” desde o final da década de 1990. Nos interessa fazer emergir sob quais proposições se estruturam e disseminam novas modalidades para corrigir as denúncias de violação dos direitos dos trabalhadores. As recentes metodologias de controle e de regulação social das empresas transnacionais se realizam sobretudo pela presença direta e ativa dos sindicatos dos trabalhadores em suas diferenciadas bases territoriais (local, nacional, global), introduzindo processos de diálogo social transnacional. ABSTRACT:The paper presents the analysis of the centrality of the UN terminology “Human rights for transnational corporations and other businesses,” renewing the programs of social regulation.This terminology can be considered, in the international debate, an attempt to overcome and update the diffusion of the slogan of “social responsibility” since the late 1990s. We are interested to emerge in which propositions are structured and disseminate new ways to address the complaints of violations of workers’ rights. Recent methodologies for control and social regulation of transnational corporations are held mainly by direct and active presence of labor unions in their different territorial base (local, national, global), introducing transnational social dialogue processes.
Terceirização do trabalho no Brasil: a regulamentação em disputa
Authors: Fadul de Oliveira Isabela 
Published: June 2020

RESUMO:Este texto tem como objetivo refletir sobre o processo recente de regulamentação das relações de trabalho terceirizado no Brasil. Para tanto, partimos de uma breve apresentação sobre a forma como foi organizado o sistema de regulamentação e proteção social do trabalho no país, identificando o contrato individual de emprego como um dos seus eixos estruturantes. Em seguida, localizamos o início do debate jurídico sobre a terceirização nos anos 1990 e destacamos os aspectos principais da disputa em torno da sua regulamentação. Ao final, examinamos as mudanças introduzidas pelas Leis 13.429/2017 e 13.467/2017 no ordenamento jurídico trabalhista, procurando demonstrar como seu conteúdo normativo põe em xeque a estrutura do Direito do Trabalho no país e promove as condições para a livre exploração do trabalho terceirizado, respondendo aos anseios da classe patronal e resultando em perda de direitos para a classe trabalhadora. ABSTRACT:This text aims to reflect about the recent process of regulation of outsourced work relationships in Brazil. Therefore, we start with a brief presentation about how the system of regulation and social protection of work in the country was organized, identifying the individual employment contract as one of its structuring axes. Next, we locate the beginning of the legal debate about the outsourcing in the 1990s and highlight the main aspects of the dispute over its regulation. In the end, we examine the changes introduced by Laws 13,429 / 2017 and 13,467 / 2017 in the labor legal system, trying to demonstrate how its normative content puts the structure of Labor Law in the country in check and promotes the conditions for the free exploitation of outsourced work, responding to the wishes of the employers’ class and resulting in loss of rights for the working class.
Parents of Adolescents Perspectives of Physical Activity, Gaming and Virtual Reality: Qualitative Study
Authors: McMichael Lucy , Farič Nuša , Newby Katie , Potts Henry W W , Hon Adrian , Smith Lee , Steptoe Andrew , Fisher Abi 
Published: June 2020

Background
Virtual reality (VR) exergaming may be a promising avenue to engage adolescents with physical activity. Since parental support is a consistent determinant of physical activity in adolescents, it is crucial to gather the views of parents of adolescents about this type of intervention.

Objective
This study aimed to interview parents of younger adolescents (13-17 years old) about physical activity, gaming, and VR as part of the larger vEngage study.

Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 parents of adolescents. Data were synthesized using framework analysis.

Results
Parents believed that encouraging physical activity in adolescents was important, particularly for mental health. Most parents felt that their children were not active enough. Parents reported their adolescents regularly gamed, with mostly negative perceptions of gaming due to violent content and becoming addicted. Parents discussed an inability to relate to gaming due to “generational differences,” but an exception was exergaming, which they had played with their children in the past (eg, Wii Fit). Specific recommendations for promoting a VR exergaming intervention were provided, but ultimately parents strongly supported harnessing gaming for any positive purpose.

Conclusions
The current study suggests promise for a VR exergaming intervention, but this must be framed in a way that addresses parental concerns, particularly around addiction, violence, and safety, without actively involving their participation. While parents would rather their children performed “real-world” physical activity, they believed the key to engagement was through technology. Overall, there was the perception that harnessing gaming and sedentary screen time for a positive purpose would be strongly supported.
Evaluating the Implementation of a Remote-Monitoring Program for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Qualitative Methods from a Service Design Perspective
Authors: van Lieshout Florence , Yang Rebecca , Stamenova Vess , Agarwal Payal , Cornejo Palma Daniel , Sidhu Aman , Engel Katrina , Erwood Adam , Bhatia R Sacha , Bhattacharyya Onil , Shaw James 
Published: June 2020

Background
Implementing digital health technologies is complex but can be facilitated by considering the features of the tool that is being implemented, the team that will use it, and the routines that will be affected.

Objective
The goal of this study was to assess the implementation of a remote-monitoring initiative for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Ontario, Canada using the Tool+Team+Routine framework and to refine this approach to conceptualize the adoption of technologies in health care.

Methods
This study was a qualitative research project that took place alongside a randomized controlled trial comparing a technology-enabled self-monitoring program with a technology-enabled self- and remote-monitoring program in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and with standard care. This study included interviews with 5 remote-monitoring patients, 3 self-monitoring patients, 2 caregivers, 5 health care providers, and 3 hospital administrators. The interview questions were structured around the 3 main concepts of the Tool+Team+Routine framework.

Results
Findings emphasized that (1) technologies can alter relationships between providers and patients, and that these relationships drove the development of a new service arising from the technology, in our case, and (2) technologies can create additional work that is not visible to management as a result of not being considered within the scope of the service.

Conclusions
Literature on the implementation of digital health technologies has still not reconciled the importance of interpersonal relationships to conventional implementation strategies. By acknowledging the centrality of such relationships, implementation teams can better plan for the adaptations required in order to make new technologies work for patients and health care providers. Further work will need to address how specific individuals administering a remote-monitoring program work to build relationships, and how these relationships and other sources of activity might lead to technological scope creep—an unanticipated expanding scope of work activities in relation to the function of the tool.