bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early successful reperfusion after endovascular therapy reduces malignant middle cerebral artery infarction occurrence in young patients with large diffusion‐weighted imaging lesions
Authors: Sabben C. , Desilles J. P. , Charbonneau F. , Savatovsky J. , Morvan E. , Obadia A. , Raynouard I. , Fela F. , Escalard S. , Redjem H. , Smajda S. , Ciccio G. , Blanc R. , Fahed R. , Le Guerinel C. , Engrand N. , Ben Maacha M. , Labreuche J. , Mazighi M. , Piotin M. , Obadia M. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeMalignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMI) is a severe complication of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). The aim of our study was to assess whether successful reperfusion after endovascular therapy (EVT) in AIS with clinical and imaging predictors of MMI decreased its occurrence.MethodsData were collected between January 2014 and July 2018 in a monocentric prospective AIS registry of patients treated with EVT. Patients selected were <65 years old with severe anterior circulation AIS with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >15, baseline Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging‐Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score ≤ 6 and baseline diffusion‐weighted imaging lesion volume >82 mL within 6 h of symptom onset. Successful reperfusion was defined as a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia score ≥ 2b. Occurrence of MMI was the primary endpoint.ResultsA total of 66 EVT‐treated patients were included in our study. MMI occurred in 27 patients (41%). In unadjusted analysis, successful reperfusion was associated with fewer MMIs (31.8% vs. 65.0%; P = 0.015) and with more favorable outcome at 3 months (50% vs. 20%; P = 0.023). In multivariate analysis, successful reperfusion was associated with an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of 0.35 (0.10–1.12) for MMI and 2.77 (0.84–10.43) for 3‐month favorable outcome occurrence.ConclusionsEarly successful reperfusion performed in patients with AIS with clinical and imaging predictors of MMI was associated with decreased MMI occurrence. Reperfusion status might be considered in evaluating the need for craniectomy in patients with early predictors of MMI.
2‐Deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography, cortical thickness and white matter graph network abnormalities in brains of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia suggest early neuronopathy rather than axonopathy
Authors: Rajagopalan V. , Pioro E. P. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disorder, although extra‐motor degeneration is well recognized, especially in frontotemporal regions manifested as ALS with frontotemporal dementia (ALS‐FTD). Previous neuroimaging studies of the brains of ALS‐FTD patients have measured abnormalities of either grey matter (GM) or white matter (WM) structures but not of both together. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate both GM and WM in the same ALS‐FTD patient using functional and structural neuroimaging. By doing so, insights could be gained into whether neurodegeneration in ALS‐FTD is primarily a neuronopathy or axonopathy.MethodsAfter high‐resolution brain 2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐D‐glucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained in ALS‐FTD patients and in age‐ and sex‐matched neurological controls, changes in metabolic rate, cortical thickness (CT) and WM network analysis using graph theory were analyzed.ResultsSignificant reductions in 18F‐FDG PET metabolism, CT and WM connections were observed in motor and extra‐motor brain regions of ALS‐FTD patients compared to controls. Both CT and underlying WM networks were abnormal in frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes of ALS‐FTD patients with 86 of 90 brain regions showing reductions of CT.ConclusionAbnormalities in significantly fewer WM networks underlying the affected cortical regions suggest that neurodegeneration in brains of ALS‐FTD patients is primarily a ‘neuronopathy’ rather than an ‘axonopathy.’
A novel nomogram to predict early neurological deterioration in patients with acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Gong P. , Zhang X. , Gong Y. , Liu Y. , Wang S. , Li Z. , Chen W. , Zhou F. , Zhou J. , Jiang T. , Zhang Y. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeAcute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is a vital cause of mortality and morbidity in China. Many AIS patients develop early neurological deterioration (END). This study aimed to construct a nomogram to predict END in AIS patients.MethodsAcute ischaemic stroke patients in Nanjing First Hospital were recruited as the training cohort. Additional patients in Nantong Third People’s Hospital were enrolled as the validation cohort. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to establish the nomogram. Discrimination and calibration performance of the nomogram were tested by concordance index and calibration plots. Decision curve analysis was employed to assess the utility of the nomogram.ResultsIn all, 1889 and 818 patients were recruited in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Age [odds ratio (OR) 1.075; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.059–1.091], diabetes mellitus (OR 1.673; 95% CI 1.181–2.370), atrial fibrillation (OR 3.297; 95% CI 2.005–5.421), previous antiplatelet medication (OR 0.473; 95% CI 0.301–0.744), hyper‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (OR 1.049; 95% CI 1.036–1.063) and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (OR 1.071; 95% CI 1.045–1.098) were associated with END and incorporated in the nomogram. The concordance index was 0.826 (95% CI 0.785–0.885) and 0.798 (95% CI 0.749–0.847) in the training and validation cohorts. By decision curve analysis, the model was relevant between thresholds of 0.06 and 0.90 in the training cohort and 0.08 and 0.77 in the validation cohort.ConclusionsThe nomogram composed of hyper‐sensitive C‐reactive protein, age, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, previous antiplatelet medication and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale may predict the risk of END in AIS patients.
Multicentric origin and diversification of atp6‐orf79‐like structures reveal mitochondrial gene flows in Oryza rufipogon and Oryza sativa
Authors: He Wenchuang , Chen Caijin , Adedze Yawo Mawunyo Nevame , Dong Xilong , Xi Kun , Sun Yongsheng , Dang Tengfei , Jin Deming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widely used genetic tool in modern hybrid rice breeding. Most genes conferring rice gametophytic CMS are homologous to orf79 and co‐transcribe with atp6. However, the origin, differentiation and flow of these mitochondrial genes in wild and cultivated rice species remain unclear. In this study, we performed de novo assembly of the mitochondrial genomes of 221 common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) and 369 Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) accessions, and identified 16 haplotypes of atp6‐orf79‐like structures and 11 orf79 alleles. These homologous structures were classified into 4 distinct groups (AO‐I, AO‐II, AO‐III and AO‐IV), all of which were observed in O. rufipogon but only AO‐I was detected in O. sativa, causing a decrease in the frequency of atp6‐orf79‐like structures from 19.9% to 8.1%. Phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses revealed that the different groups of these gametophytic CMS‐related genes in O. rufipogon evolved in a multicentric pattern. The geographical origin of the atp6‐orf79‐like structures was further traced back, and a candidate region in north‐east of Gangetic Plain on the Indian Peninsula (South Asia) was identified as the origin centre of AO‐I. The orf79 alleles were detected in all three cytoplasmic types (Or‐CT0, Or‐CT1 and Or‐CT2) of O. rufipogon, but only two alleles (orf79a and orf79b) were observed in Or‐CT0 type of O. sativa, while no orf79 allele was found in other types of O. sativa. Our results also revealed that the orf79 alleles in cultivated rice originated from the wild rice population in South and South‐East Asia. In addition, strong positive selection pressure was detected on the sequence variations of orf79 alleles, and a special evolutionary strategy was noted in these gametophytic CMS‐related genes, suggesting that their divergence could be beneficial to their survival in evolution.
Radiofrequency irradiation attenuates angiogenesis and inflammation in UVB‐induced rosacea in mouse skin
Authors: Son Myeongjoo , Park Joonhong , Oh Seyeon , Choi Junwon , Shim Minjung , Kang Donghwan , Byun Kyunghee 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRosacea is a skin inflammatory condition accompanied by cutaneous signs such as oedema, flushing, erythema, telangiectasia and pustules. Generally, rosacea is triggered by ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. When exposed to UVB, skin epidermis thickens and produces elevated levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, especially keratinocyte‐related VEGF, a potent angiogenic factor. The upregulations of VEGF expression and its secretion promote the formation of new blood vessels and exacerbates rosacea. In this study, radiofrequency (RF) irradiation reduced keratinocyte proliferation in the epidermal layer, the expressions of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis‐related inflammatory factors and VEGF in our UVB‐induced model of rosacea in vitro and in vivo. RF irradiation attenuated VEGF‐induced angiogenesis‐associated processes such as tube formation, cell migration and endothelial cell proliferation. Notably, blood vessel densities in the skins of UVB‐treated mice and rosacea patients were significantly decreased by RF irradiation. These results provide experimental and molecular evidence regarding the effectiveness of RF irradiation for the treatment of rosacea.
An international survey to evaluate systemic bevacizumab for chronic bleeding in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Al‐Samkari Hanny , Albitar Hasan A. , Olitsky Scott E. , Clancy Marianne S. , Iyer Vivek N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionSystemic bevacizumab is a novel targeted therapy for severe epistaxis and chronic gastrointestinal bleeding in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), but published data are very limited.AimWe conducted a survey‐based study to characterize current treatment practices and physician‐reported safety and effectiveness of systemic bevacizumab for bleeding in (HHT).MethodsA 27‐item survey was sent to physician centre directors of 31 International HHT Centers of Excellence.ResultsResponse rate was 84%. Approximately half of centres had treated >10 HHT patients with systemic bevacizumab for chronic bleeding for a total of 291 patients treated. All centres utilize a 5 mg/kg dose for induction treatment and most administer six doses (range, 4‐8) every 2 weeks. However, maintenance regimens varied considerably between centres. Bevacizumab was highly effective, with 86% reporting significant (>50%) improvement in GI bleeding and/or epistaxis and haemoglobin rise in most patients treated with bevacizumab; 52% reported haemoglobin normalization in most patients. All centres reported adverse event rates <30% and two‐thirds of centres reported adverse event rates <10%. Discontinuation for adverse events or inefficacy was rare. Bleeding severity thresholds for initiation of bevacizumab were highly variable, and it is typically administered by haematologists (76% of centres). Two‐thirds of centres reported obtaining insurance approval for bevacizumab for most or all patients but 48% reported difficulty in obtaining coverage.ConclusionSystemic bevacizumab is widely used to treat bleeding in HHT with excellent physician‐reported effectiveness and safety. There is considerable variation in maintenance treatment practices and thresholds for initiation of bevacizumab among HHT centres.
Selling medical education to international students: time for review
Authors: Breen Kerry , Birrell Bob 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver 600 international medical students commence training in Australian medical schools each year. Government funding policies are driving medical schools to recruit more international students. The need to lobby for intern positions for domestic graduates and for international students has placed Australia's medical schools in conflicted positions. It is time for a thorough re‐examination of all aspects of medical education in Australia.
Approaches to and outcomes of future planning for family carers of adults with an intellectual disability: A systematic review
Authors: Brennan Damien , McCausland Darren , O’Donovan Mary Ann , Eustace‐Cook Jessica , McCallion Philip , McCarron Mary 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities are living longer, with family homes and family caregivers increasingly identified as a key support to this ageing population of people with intellectual disabilities.MethodThis systematic review sets out existing evidence from empirically evaluated intervention studies of future care planning for adults with intellectual disability by family carers.ResultsThis systematic review identified a scarcity of systematic approaches to future care planning for adults with intellectual disabilities and their family carers. However, evidence from the review suggests positive outcomes for families once they engage in a future planning process.ConclusionsContemporary social policy orientation, which emphasizes reliance on families to provide care, along with an ageing population of people with intellectual disabilities, and diminishing caring capacity within family networks, suggests an urgent need for a more expansive research base that evaluates approaches to supporting adults with intellectual disabilities and their family carers to plan for their futures.
Serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 and risk of cognitive impairment after acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Ge Jinzhuo , Li Ruyi , Yuan Pengcheng , Che Bizhong , Bu Xiaoqing , Shao Hancheng , Xu Tan , Ju Zhong , Zhang Jintao , Zhang Yonghong , Zhong Chongke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe expression of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) significantly increased after acute cerebral ischaemia and involved in neurodegeneration. The purpose was to prospectively investigate the relationship between serum TIMP‐1 with post‐stroke cognitive impairment. Our participants were from an ancillary study of China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke. 598 ischaemic stroke patients from seven participating hospitals were included. Cognitive impairment was evaluated using Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at 3 months. 316 (52.84%) or 384 (64.21%) participants had cognitive impairment according to MMSE or MoCA, respectively. Compared with the first quartile of TIMP‐1, the multivariate‐adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest quartile were 1.80 (1.09‐2.97) for cognitive impairment defined by MMSE and 2.55 (1.49‐4.35) by MoCA. Multiple‐adjusted spline regression models showed linear associations between TIMP‐1 concentrations and cognitive impairment (P value for linearity < 0.01). The addition of TIMP‐1 to models including conventional factors improved reclassification for cognitive impairment, as shown by net reclassification index or integrated discrimination improvement (P < 0.05). Participants with both higher TIMP‐1 and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 levels simultaneously had highest risk of cognitive impairment. Higher serum TIMP‐1 levels were associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment after acute ischaemic stroke, independently of established risk factors.
A high‐precision method evaluating color quality of Sichuan Dark Tea based on colorimeter combined with multi‐layer perceptron
Authors: Zou Yao , Ma Wanjun , Tang Qian , Xu Wei , Tan Liqiang , Han Deyang , Tian Yun , Yuan Yue 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInstrumental examination of Sichuan Dark Tea (SDT) quality instead of human panel sensory evaluation is important for quality control. This study attempted to create a high‐precision method to rapidly and accurately evaluate SDT color quality. Colorimeter combined with multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) was utilized to extract CIELAB color parameters of dried tea, liquor, and infused tea, respectively, and established the prediction models of color attributes scores with the optimal color parameters selected by a principal component analysis (PCA). MLP models established could accurately predict color total scores of SDT, the glossiness of dried tea, and chroma of infused tea (Rp = 0.889–0.989; RMSEP = 0.393–0.631). Besides, models based on tea pigments could accurately predict infused tea color total scores (Rp = 0.920, RMSEP = 0.531). Parameter a* was significantly correlated with almost all of the color evaluation factors of SDT and seemed to be the characteristic color parameter. The color quality of Sichuan Dark Tea can be excellently estimated by the method utilizing colorimeter coupled with MLP.Practical applicationsTo meet the requirement of dark tea production and the costumer's expectation, this study attempted to create a high‐precision method quickly and accurately evaluating color quality of SDT. Usually, in the massive production, tea color evaluated by eyesight is time‐consuming, subjective, and has poor accuracy due to visual fatigue of human. In this work, we optimized color parameters with PCA to improve the performance of MLP models established. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of tea color quality by instrument, and make SDT quality control more convenient, accurate, and time‐saving.
Methodological review and detailed guidance for the life cycle interpretation phase
Authors: Laurent Alexis , Weidema Bo P. , Bare Jane , Liao Xun , Maia de Souza Danielle , Pizzol Massimo , Sala Serenella , Schreiber Hanna , Thonemann Nils , Verones Francesca 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLife cycle interpretation is the fourth and last phase of life cycle assessment (LCA). Being a “pivot” phase linking all other phases and the conclusions and recommendations from an LCA study, it represents a challenging task for practitioners, who miss harmonized guidelines that are sufficiently complete, detailed, and practical to conduct its different steps effectively. Here, we aim to bridge this gap. We review available literature describing the life cycle interpretation phase, including standards, LCA books, technical reports, and relevant scientific literature. On this basis, we evaluate and clarify the definition and purposes of the interpretation phase and propose an array of methods supporting its conduct in LCA practice. The five steps of interpretation defined in ISO 14040–44 are proposed to be reorganized around a framework that offers a more pragmatic approach to interpretation. It orders the steps as follows: (i) completeness check, (ii) consistency check, (iii) sensitivity check, (iv) identification of significant issues, and (v) conclusions, limitations, and recommendations. We provide toolboxes, consisting of methods and procedures supporting the analyses, computations, points to evaluate or check, and reflective processes for each of these steps. All methods are succinctly discussed with relevant referencing for further details of their applications. This proposed framework, substantiated with the large variety of methods, is envisioned to help LCA practitioners increase the relevance of their interpretation and the soundness of their conclusions and recommendations. It is a first step toward a more comprehensive and harmonized LCA practice to improve the reliability and credibility of LCA studies.
The Use of Tranexamic Acid to Prevent Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Mielke Ruth T. , Obermeyer Sarah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic pharmacologic agent with demonstrated effectiveness for reducing the incidence of death from blood loss following trauma and major surgery. In intrapartum care, TXA is being used in in conjunction with uterotonic agents to treat postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Based on the findings of the WOMAN trial that found TXA reduced maternal death due to PPH, the World Health Organization recommends that TXA be part of the standard comprehensive PPH treatment package, and US professional organizations recognize its use as adjunctive treatment for PPH. Evidence suggests that TXA used prophylactically in the setting of cesarean birth may decrease blood loss and the incidence of PPH. There is limited evidence for prophylactic use of TXA in women of all risk categories following vaginal birth but prophylactic use in women who have an a priori risk for PPH is being investigated. This article presents a case in which a midwife identifies a woman in active labor who has significant risk factors for PPH. In consultation with the collaborating obstetrician, TXA is given early during the third stage of labor in addition to the recommended components of active management for the purpose of preventing PPH.
The Banking View of Bond Risk Premia
Authors: HADDAD VALENTIN , SRAER DAVID 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Banks' balance sheet exposure to fluctuations in interest rates strongly forecasts excess Treasury bond returns. This result is consistent with optimal risk management, a banking counterpart to the household Euler equation. In equilibrium, the bond risk premium compensates banks for bearing fluctuations in interest rates. When banks' exposure to interest rate risk increases, the price of this risk simultaneously rises. We present a collection of empirical observations that support this view, but also discuss several challenges to this interpretation.
Parenting Practices, Autonomous Motivation, and Adolescent Diet Habits
Authors: Zhang Zhengyu (Tracy) , Farris Kristen L. , Sun Mao‐Chia , Dailey René M. , Donovan Erin E. 
Published: May 2020

Guided by self‐determination theory, the aim of this study was to examine whether adolescents’ autonomous motivation for making healthy diet choices mediates the association between parenting practices regarding diet and adolescent food choices. We analyzed data from the NCI FLASHE study, a survey of demographically diverse parents and their adolescent children (N = 1,646 dyads). Path models supported self‐determination theory’s assertion that indirect, encouraging parenting practices fostered internal motivation; in contrast, regulation was both positively and negatively linked to motivation depending on the model. Models also yielded direct paths between parenting practices and healthy and unhealthy diet choices. Overall, regardless of what predicted motivation, adolescents’ autonomous motivation was linked with their consumption of healthier foods and drinks. As such, cultivating a sense of internal motivation during these formative years may put young people on a path toward healthy patterns of self‐regulation later in life.