bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemical features of pyrite pseudomorphs according to plant residues from the Upper Jurassic deposits of the Middle Volga river area (Russian Federation)
Authors: Shilovsky O , Khasanov R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The study of the mineralogy and geochemistry of biomorphic ore formations has great importance for studying the processes of transformation of plant tissues during the formation of the sedimentary rocks, including ore mineralization. Forms of biogenic mineralization in sedimentary rocks are represented by various processes. The pyritization of organic residues is one of the most common forms. The purpose of this work was to conduct a detailed mineralogical and geochemical study of biomorphic ore formations collected from Mesozoic (Upper Jurassic) deposits of the right bank of the Volga river. The initial conditions for the fossilization of the objects of study were the same. Therefore, the structural and morphological features of the pyrite aggregate developing on them can be caused not only by geochemical conditions but also by the structure of the residues themselves. Samples were examined by optical microscopy, X-ray phase analysis, gamma-ray spectrometric analysis, X-ray computed tomography and X-ray fluorescence analysis. As a result of research, the stages of mineralization of wood were established, which reflect the features of sedimentation.
Microstructure and geochemical features of hard dental tissues of Deltavjatia vjatkensis and Suminia getmanovi Permian tetrapods (Kotelnich site, Kirov region, Russia)
Authors: Shilovsky O , Kiseleva D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Kotelnich pareiasaur site, one of the richest of the Permian period, is characterized by the unique integrity of fossil vertebrate assemblages and the preservation of bones’ internal structure (including fossil cellular structures) due to their burial features. Pareiasaur and suminia are two most widespread and most frequently encountered representatives of fossil fauna at the Kotelnich site, belonging to the herbivorous form of trophic affiliation. In the present work, a high degree of the structural preservation of the hard dental tissues of pareiasaur and suminia is demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Fluorapatite composition of tooth tissues is indicated with trace rare earth elements and uranium incorporated from the host rock as a result of diagenetic alteration during fossilization. No secondary mineralization has been found in the pulp chamber uncovered by a cleavage. The features of its primary internal structure are observed such as pseudomorphs of iron-containing minerals over the fibrils of collagen fibers connecting odontoblastic processes with the walls of dentin tubules, as well as spherical pseudomorphs over blood-like cells.
New data on the composition of organic matter of deep-seated rocks of Bashkortostan by NMR in a low magnetic field
Authors: Sitdikova L M , Khasanova N M , Korepanov E S , Sakharov B V , Volkov V Ya , Lozin E V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The study of the organic matter of Riphean-Vendian deposits, the features of its distribution are the subject of research by many authors. The problem of hydrocarbon of these deposits remains relevant. We have conducted studies of deep-seated rocks of the Lower Riphean of the kaltasinskaya suite of the Eastern-Askinskaya area, with an increased content of organic matter in individual intervals. In addition to standard research methods, the method of nuclear magnetic relaxation in a low magnetic field was used. This method allows determining the phase state of organic matter in the original rock without any impact and after isothermal heating of the rock at 350°C. The free induction signal and the type of solid-phase signal, which corresponds to the waveform for the asphaltene component of the oil, were analyzed. The predominant part of the liquid-phase signal - about 35%, is characterized by a transverse relaxation time of 540 ¼s, corresponding to the resinous component of organic matter. The quantitative ratio of asphaltenes before and after heat treatment was also analyzed. A significant decrease in its amount was recorded. During thermal exposure, more than 55% of light, more mobile hydrocarbon molecules are formed in the liquid-phase part of organic matter.
Phase state of an organic matter for NMR relaxation in low fields of rocks of the Bazhenov suite (Western Siberia)
Authors: Sitdikova L M , Khasanova N M , Bondarev E V , Sakharov B V , Volkov V Ya , Sidorova E U 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The work of many researchers is devoted to studying the problem of the features of the formation of the Bazhenov suite and organic matter. Various methods are used to study the type and state of organic matter, despite this, the problem associated with the phase state and type of organic matter in these deposits, the methods for studying those remains relevant. One of these methods is the NMR relaxation method in low fields. For the analysis of heavy oils, the method of simultaneous measurement of the free induction decay (FID) together with the decay of the echo signal in the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse program was used. We studied the decay form of relaxation curves and their approximation by a mathematical model adequate for solid, liquid, and gaseous states of matter, which contains information on the geochemical and petrophysical properties of organic matter, as part of a single reservoir, including both the mineral part and the fluid part.
Aquathermolysis of heavy oil in the presence of iron tallate and mineral components of reservoir rock
Authors: Khashan G , Sitnov S , Ziganshina M , Dolgikh S , Slavkina O , Shchekoldin K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study is devoted to conversion of heavy oil in sandstone, taken from the Ashalchinskoye field in Tatarstan, Russian Federation, in the presence of an oil-soluble catalyst precursor based on a transition metal of iron in water vapor. The mass content of a portion of the catalyst, in a hydrogen donor based solution totals 2.0 wt % of the oil extract in the rock sample. It was found that according to the results of the chemical composition study, the introduction of the catalyst ensures the conversion of resins (by 24 wt %) at 250°C and a significant conversion of asphaltenes at 300°C, the content of which decreases practically to “trace” amounts at this temperature. The intensification of the destructive processes of breaking heteroatom bonds in the molecules of resins and asphaltenes contributes to the generation of light liquid hydrocarbons.
Conversion of heavy crude oil with carbonate rock in the medium of water superheated steam
Authors: Nasyrova Z , Aliev A , Affane B , Popkov A , Proshchekalnikov D , Bashkirtseva N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A series of experiments with heavy crude oil were carried out by modeling hydrothermal effects involving mineral compounds of carbonate rocks. Depending on the thermodynamic parameters of exposure, various mechanisms of chemical transformations of heavy crude hydrocarbons predominate, affecting its composition and properties. In this paper, samples of crude and converted oil were analyzed by various instrumental methods. The work on the aquathermolysis of oil was carried out in a laboratory batch unit under isothermal conditions at of 290-375°C and pressures of 1-13.5 MPa. In this work, component composition, chromatographic analysis, rheology, X-ray analysis of heavy crude and converted oil were carried out. In converted crude oil the content of light fractions boiling up to 200°C increased with increasing in the specific surface of mineral compounds under hydrothermal influence. The results of X-ray structural analysis showed the presence of chemisorption processes on the surface of mineral particles as a result of hydrothermal influence on crude oil.
Influence of metal oxides and their precursors on the composition of final products of aquathermolysis crude oil
Authors: Ivanova I , Kutlizamaev R , Safin B , Grishko A , Sitnov S , Slavkina O , Shchekoldin K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Experiments were conducted simulating the hydrothermal effect on heavy oil in the presence of carbonate, kaolin, Al2O3, Ni+2 and Cu+2, NiO mixed with poly-α-olefins, C6H8O7, C2H4O2 at temperatures of 290-375°C and pressures from 1,0 to 13.5 MPa. As a result of the research, a decrease in the viscosity of the organic end products of hydrothermal exposure due to the redistribution of n-alkanes in the direction of the formation of low-molecular homologs was established. This led to an increase in the content of saturated hydrocarbons and light fractions in the final products of the conducted studies. Under hydrothermal conditions of heavy oil conversion, products of the reactions of destruction of the results of the research can be applied in the development of new innovative technologies for the development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources.
Mixed oxide Zn-Fe with magnetic properties as a catalytic system for the aquathermolysis of heavy oil
Authors: Lakhova A , Zakieva R , Valieva A , Vasiliev Ed , Bashkirtseva N , Petrov S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article investigates the catalytic and magnetic abilities of mixed Zn-Fe oxides during aquathermolysis of heavy highly viscous oil. These systems influenced both the composition of the oil transformed during aquermolysis and its viscosity, moreover, the oil transformed using a Zn-Fe-MO sample (1:1) has a more flatter viscosity-temperature dependence. During magnetic manipulations, it was proved that a mixed Zn-Fe oxide with a ratio of Zn2+/Fe3+ = 2 cations in the synthesis of layered double hydroxide precursors shows better magnetization (the degree of extraction from the reaction was 91 wt %) and it can be removed from the reaction mixture.
Refining super-viscous oil in supercritical aqueous fluid
Authors: Zakieva R , Petrov S , Lakhova A , Bashkirtseva N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A comparative analysis of products of hydrothermal transformation of super-viscous oil above the critical point of water at elevated temperatures of 375-385°C and pressures of 22-23 MPa in the presence of coal and oxides of iron, aluminum, copper and nickel was carried out. The regularities of changes in the structural-group and component composition, as well as the physicochemical properties of aquathermolysis products of super-viscous oil of B2 type of Ashalchinskoye field, were established. It was shown that destruction of high molecular weight components of super-viscous oil under conditions of its watermolysis in the presence of manganese and iron oxides lead to the formation of low-boiling hydrocarbon fractions. The predominant course of the destruction of resinous components, aliphatic substituents of asphaltenes and branched aliphatic structures with the redistribution of alkanes of normal structure towards their low molecular weight homologs has been established.
Structure of nanostructured layered double hydroxides according to x-ray diffraction analysis data
Authors: Popkov A , Gabdrakhimova E , Sharafieva Z , Isakov D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, in many areas of industry, in particular, the petrochemical industry, the problem of multifunctional, efficient and environmentally friendly materials use is of great importance. One such material is double layered hydroxides (LDHs) used in various synthesis reactions, catalytic and adsorption processes. This paper presents studies on the effect of the elemental composition of LDH on their structure. Under experimental conditions, 4 samples of LDHs based on Mg and Al, Mg and Fe, Zn and Al (2 samples with different cation ratios) were synthesized by co-precipitation of a base solution with a mixture of M(II) and M(III) salts solution. The phase composition of the obtained LDHs were analyzed by powder x-ray diffraction method. During the experiment, the characteristics of the Zn-Al LDH samples turned out to be lower than MgFe and MgAl LDHs due to the presence of a phase of zinc oxides in their composition, as well as the structure of the obtained products. Similarly, the size of ZnAl crystallites of LDH at a trivalent cations share of 0.33 compared to 0.4 was larger by about 3.5 times.
The influence of the ARPD composition on the heat of dissolution in hydrocarbon solvents
Authors: Ibragimova D , Sharafieva Z , Sharifullin A , Chinedu U , Isakov D , Kamara M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we studied two samples of asphlatene-resin-paraffin deposits of different composition, precipitated during the extraction of hard-to-recover oil and characterized by different melting points. The samples were studied by the thermal analysis method on the MOM (Hungary) Q-1500D derivatograph. The compositions of samples were studied by SARA-analysis by taking into account the methodical recommendations of ASTM D4124-09 and GOST 32269-201. The process of asphlatene-resin-paraffin deposits dissolving in straight-run fractions was studied. Straight-run fractions 80-180°C and 180-350°C were used for heat dissolution experiments. The heat of dissolution of asphlatene-resin-paraffin deposits in fractions was measured on a calorimeter. The graphs that indicate the dependence of the heat of dissolution of asphlatene-resin-paraffin deposits on its concentration in fractions were plotted. The efficiency of the dissolution process was determined.
The separation of heavy crude oil by spray evaporation
Authors: Petrov S , Lakhova A , Safiulina A , Fakhrutdinov R , Bashkirtseva N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Studies have shown a significant intensification of the process of flash evaporation by spraying heavy oil through a nozzle. By changing the temperature in the apparatus and the pressure gradient, the carryover of the liquid phase by the distillate was set within the required limits. Results on flash evaporation of heavy crude oil at 200, 250, 300 and 350°C without spraying and with spraying through nozzles showed a significant intensification of the process with an increase in the yield of the distillate product from 22 to 67 wt %. Upon reaching a moderate degree of entrainment of 6 wt % with an increase in the yield of distillate to 43 wt % at 300°C, the viscosity of the distillate at 20°C does not exceed 15 sSt, density 0.8199 g/cm3, sulfur content no more than 2 wt %. Intensive flash evaporation process can be successfully used for the primary refinement of heavy high-viscosity oils. As a result of the process, two products from heavy oil are produced: high-quality light distillate, enriched in fuel fractions, and the residue, which can serve as raw material for the bitumen production.
Production of Liquid Bio-Fertilizer from Old Coconut Water and Molasses using Consortium Microbes
Authors: Darmawan R , Dewi V G P , Rizaldi M A , Juliastuti S R , Gunawan S , Aparamarta H W , Wiguno A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Increasing issue of returning to nature, the presence of organic fertilizer is one of the things required in agriculture sector. The presence of the liquid organic fertilizer, it is expected to have a positive impact on plants and soil. Moreover, in the manufacturing process, it was utilizing wastes. The liquid fertilizer was made by mixing waste from micro-businesses that produce a porridge (old coconut water) and side product of the sugar factory (molasses). Seven litter solutions from the liquid were mixed using a bioreactor equipped with impeller for 8 incubation days. The isolated microbes were inserted with initial number of 1012 using counting chamber method. As a phosphate source, the phosphate rock was implemented into reactor. Every 4 days, the samples were taken and analysed for knowing the concentration of NPK and C components. Three consortium microbe variables were carried out for making the fertilizer where the source of microorganisms from enrichment cultures + old coconut water + molasses (EOM); soil + old coconut water + molasses (SOM); and only old coconut water + molasses (OM). The highest (%) of N, P, K and C components was detected at 0.09; 0.04; 10.5 and 1.74, respectively achieved by the EOM after 8 day of incubation period. The bio-fertilizer was applied into the paddy test plants with a hydroponic system.
Effect of operating conditions on the efficiency of adsorption of Manganese (Mn) metals using Nano Zeolite adsorbents
Authors: Syamsuddin Y , Zulfikar  , Meirisa F , Muchtar S , Ambarita A , Mulyati S , Suraiya  , Rosnelly C M , Arahman N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is one of the most abundant metal in the soil. The presence of this metal is essentially needed by living things for the formation of cartilage and bone as well as driving various enzymes. However, in excessive amounts, the metal can cause disruption of the central nervous system. In this study, the removal of Mn was carried out by the adsorption process using zeolite adsorbent. Effects of contact time, pH of sample (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) and dosage of adsorbent (1; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4; 4,5 and 5 g) were evaluated. The optimal conditions were obtained under operating conditions of 100 minutes contact time, 7 and 9 pH of the sample, and 5 g dosage of adsorbent. The adsorption process was able to reduce Mn metal up to 79.52%. The initial concentration of Mn sample was 5 g/L and the concentration of effluent after the adsorption process reduced to 1,024 g/L. The adsorption process resulted in a significant reduction of Mn level. However, the final result of the process shows the level of Mn that still exceeds the limit permitted by KEPMENKES No. 907/MENKES/SK/VII/2002 of 0.1 mg/L.
Waste Peel of Durian as Solid Cataysts for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Fitriani F , Husin H , Marwan M , Nasution F , Zuhra Z , Asnawi T M , Hisbullah H 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, peel durian ash was used as a solid catalyst to convert rubber seed oil into biodiesel production via transesterification reaction. The catalyst was fabricated by simple burning and calcined at 600°C for 8 h. The morphology of particles was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The Energy-dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) was used to obtain the atomic composition and percentage of the catalyst. The reaction was carried out at 65°C for 1 h. Whereas, the catalyst loading were varied of 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10% and 15% wt.%. From EDX data was confirmed that the ash catalyst composes of the potassium oxide (K2O) as the dominant compound. The performance of the catalyst was evaluated from a transesterification reaction for biodiesel production. The highest biodiesel yield of 96.5% was obtained in the reaction using a catalyst of 10 wt.%. The density obtained was 0.865 gr/cm3confirming the produced biodiesel complies with the SNI standard.
The effect of pH on Synthesis of ZnO-Natural Zeolite Nanocomposite by Co-Precipitation Method
Authors: Agustina T E , Prajawita A U , Sinaga S A S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Currently, the method being developed to overcome environmental pollution generated by synthetic dyes produced from the textile industry wastewater is by photocatalysis using photocatalyst materials. Photocatalysis is a relatively inexpensive and easy method to implement. Photocatalysts that have received major attention and widely studied are metal oxide semiconductors such as ZnO. Photocatalyst activity can be increased through the development of supporting materials such as zeolites. This study aims to synthesize ZnO-natural zeolite photocatalysts nanocomposite by co-precipitation method in order to take advantage of the adsorbent and catalyst properties in the natural zeolites and the photocatalyst properties in the ZnO. To study the effect of pH, ZnO-natural zeolite nanocomposites are synthesized with different pH under alkaline conditions (pH of 8-11). Nanocomposite materials obtained then tested its photocatalyst activity in degrading of 50 ppm procion red synthetic dyes. The ZnO-natural zeolite nanocomposites produced were characterized by using XRD, SEM, and BET. The synthesized ZnO-natural zeolite nanocomposite showed the best results at pH of 10, with the ZnO crystallite size of 20.99 nm, the surface area of 134.35 m2/g, and the Zn contained of 10.05%. Procion red degradation of 75.54% was attained by using ZnO-natural zeolite nanocomposite photocatalyst after 120 minutes of UV irradiation.
Optimization of series-parallel connection of PV array to mitigate negative influence of partial shading conditions
Authors: Kurmanbay A , Baktybekov K , Sakhanov K , Syzdykov A , Mukhamediyev A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Rapid development in the photovoltaic systems demanding more and more efficient solutions, not only in micro-fabrication techniques but in energy extraction methods as well. In recent decades large number of Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithms with different complexity accompanied by the capability to efficiently locate global maximum under partial shading were developed. However, a deeper look at the problem reveals that to further enhance the performance of the PV system under non-uniform irradiance there is a need for hardware intervention to the interconnect, or in other words adjustments to the panel configuration. In this paper, we propose a simple technique for optimizing the electrical scheme of the solar panel (connection of individual cells) by using a simple algorithm which disperses shadow across all structure. The method allows to mitigate partial shading effect on solar panels of any size and shape, therefore rise efficiency of energy extraction. Thus static optimization of the PV panel configuration disperses partial shading across all structure and ensures more synchronous functioning of the PV cells. The resulting structure not only capable of extracting more available power but, straighten ups power curve to loosen requirements for MPPT computations.
A method of joint high-precision estimation of range and velocity in a radar using ultra-wideband frequency coded waveforms
Authors: Sapronov D , Kamenskiy I , Kirdyashkin V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article describes a method of joint high-precision estimation of range and velocity in ultra-wideband short-range radar systems. The peculiarity of the method is the two dimensional range-velocity compression function based on ambiguity function of ultra-wideband discrete frequency coded waveforms. Expressions of ambiguity function and compression function such as a block diagram of the radar transceiver for the proposed method are presented. Experimental data confirm the efficiency of the method.
Architecture of air conditioning system with electric-motor-driven blowers
Authors: Gubernatorov K , Kiselev M , Moroshkin Y , Chekin A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Architectures for air conditioning systems based on electrically driven air pumps for perspective commercial aircraft with a high level of electrification are very diverse. To select the optimal structure of such air conditioning systems for a specific aircraft and to create a scientific and technical groundwork for systems of this type for a wide class of commercial aviation aircraft this article proposes a combinatorial-logic method for design architecture of air conditioning system with electric blowers. The method is based on an oriented graph of combinations of subsystems and units with an assessment the quality of each variant in terms of aircraft fuel efficiency. The method allows to design a concept of on-board equipment in order to create an aircraft with a high level of electrification and to form a knowledge base on air conditioning systems with electric blowers, as well as a hybrid air conditioning systems where electric blowers are combined with other sources of fresh air to supply the aircraft’s pressurized cabin.