bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective medium theory to the description of plasmonic resonances: Role of Au and Ti nanoparticles embedded in MoO3 thin films
Authors: Morales-Luna Gesuri , Morales-Luna Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe growing interest in functional transition metal oxides for efficient energy consumption or in the bio-sensing process; indicates that is necessary to develop a new theoretical method that describes experiments. This article presents a new theoretical methodology to characterize molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) thin films doped with resonant gold – nanoparticles (Au – NPs) and non-resonant titanium – nanoparticles (Ti – NPs). The modulation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and the implications in the MoO3 transmittance spectrum is described by applying an effective medium theory. The transmittance modulation was modified by variating three parameters, the radius of the NPs, the concentration of the NPs as well as the variation of the MoO3 thin films thickness. It was found that the nanoparticles concentration is the most important parameter in the transmittance modulation. Additionally, the orthorhombic and monoclinic structure of MoO3 was studied, from which it was obtained that the monoclinic structure of the MoO3 doped with Au – NPs favors the reduction in the transmittance values in the visible region which is associated with the increase of the SPR signal. Similar analyses are performed for non-resonant nanoparticles such as Ti, where it was found that optical modulation is not as marked as the case of gold nanoparticles.
Prescience of endogenous regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana by Pseudomonas putida MTCC 5279 under phosphate starved salinity stress condition
Authors: Srivastava Sonal , Srivastava Suchi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhosphorus (P) availability and salinity stress are two major constraints for agriculture productivity. A combination of salinity and P starvation is known to be more deleterious to plant health. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are known to ameliorate abiotic stress in plants by increasing the availability of different nutrients. However, interaction mechanisms of plant grown under salinity and P stress condition and effect of beneficial microbe for stress alleviation is still obscure. Earlier we reported the molecular insight of auxin producing, phosphate solubilising Pseudomonas putida MTCC 5279 (RAR) mediated plant growth promotion in Arabidopsis thaliana. In present study new trait of proline and phosphatase production of RAR and its impact on modulation of physiological phenomenon under phosphate starved-salinity stress condition in A. thaliana has been investigated. Different physiological and molecular determinants under RAR- A. thaliana interaction showed that auxin producing RAR shows tryptophan dependence for growth and proline production in ATP dependant manner under salinity stress. However, under P deprived conditions growth and proline production are independent of tryptophan. RAR mediated lateral root branching and root hair density through modulation of abscisic acid signalling was observed. Acidic phosphatase activity under P starved and salinity stress condition was majorly modulated along with ROS metabolism and expression of stress responsive/phosphate transporter genes. A strong correlation of different morpho-physiological factor with RAR + salt conditions, showed We concluded that enhanced adverse effect of salinity with unavailability of P was dampened in presence of P. putida MTCC 5279 (RAR) in A. thaliana, though more efficiently salinity stress conditions. Therefore, alleviation of combined stress of salinity induced phosphate nutrient deficiency by inoculation of beneficial microbe, P. putida MTCC 5279 offer good opportunities for enhancing the agricultural productivity.
Renoprotective and neuroprotective effects of enteric hydrogen generation from Si-based agent
Authors: Kobayashi Yuki , Imamura Ryoichi , Koyama Yoshihisa , Kondo Makoto , Kobayashi Hikaru , Nonomura Norio , Shimada Shoichi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe have developed Si-based agent which can generate a large amount of hydrogen. Si-based agent continues generating hydrogen for more than 24 h by the reaction with water under conditions similar to those in bowels, i.e., pH8.3 and 36 °C, and generates ~400 mL hydrogen. To investigate beneficial effects for diseases associated with oxidative stress, Si-based agent is administered to remnant kidney rats and Parkinson’s disease mice. Rats are fed with control or Si-based agent-containing diet for 8 weeks. Si-based agent is found to greatly suppress the development of renal failure and the parameters of oxidative stress. Treatment with Si-based agent in a mouse model of hemi-Parkinson’s disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine attenuated degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and prevented impairment of motor balance and coordination. These findings indicate that the Si-based agent shows renoprotective and neuroprotective effects presumably via suppression of oxidative stress by generation of hydrogen.
Historical changes in the contents and compositions of fibre components and polar metabolites in white wheat flour
Authors: Lovegrove Alison , Pellny Till K. , Hassall Kirsty L. , Plummer Amy , Wood Abigail , Bellisai Alice , Przewieslik-Allen Alexandra , Burridge Amanda J. , Ward Jane L. , Shewry Peter R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThirty-nine UK adapted wheat cultivars dating from between 1790 and 2012 were grown in replicated randomised field trials for three years, milled, and white flour analysed for the contents of dietary fibre components (arabinoxylan and β-glucan) and polar metabolites (sugars, amino acids, organic acids, choline and betaine) to determine whether the composition had changed due to the effects of intensive breeding. The concentrations of components varied between study years, indicating strong effects of environment. Nevertheless, some trends were observed, with the concentrations of arabinoxylan fibre and soluble sugars (notably sucrose, maltose and fructose) increasing and most amino acids (including asparagine which is the precursor of acrylamide formed during processing) decreasing between the older and newer types. The concentration of betaine, which is beneficial for cardio-vascular health, also increased. The study therefore provided no evidence for adverse effects of intensive breeding on the contents of beneficial components in wheat flour.
Electric dipole of InN/InGaN quantum dots and holes and giant surface photovoltage directly measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy
Authors: Qian Yinping , Wang Peng , Rao Lujia , Song Changkun , Yin Hongjie , Wang Xingyu , Zhou Guofu , Nötzel Richard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe directly measure the electric dipole of InN quantum dots (QDs) grown on In-rich InGaN layers by Kelvin probe force microscopy. This significantly advances the understanding of the superior catalytic performance of InN/InGaN QDs in ion- and biosensing and in photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation by water splitting and the understanding of the important third-generation InGaN semiconductor surface in general. The positive surface photovoltage (SPV) gives an outward QD dipole with dipole potential of the order of 150 mV, in agreement with previous calculations. After HCl-etching, to complement the determination of the electric dipole, a giant negative SPV of −2.4 V, significantly larger than the InGaN bandgap energy, is discovered. This giant SPV is assigned to a large inward electric dipole, associated with the appearance of holes, matching the original QD lateral size and density. Such surprising result points towards unique photovoltaic effects and photosensitivity.
Self-expanding metal stents versus TIPS in treatment of refractory bleeding esophageal varices: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mohan Babu P. , Chandan Saurabh , Khan Shahab R. , Kotagiri Rajesh , Kassab Lena L. , Olaiya Babatunde , Ponnada Suresh , Ofosu Andrew , Adler Douglas G. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Refractory and recurrent esophageal variceal (EV) bleeding can be life threatening. Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) have been used as a “bridge” therapy. However, their role in the treatment protocol is not established due to paucity in data.
Methods We searched multiple databases from inception through May 2019 to identify studies that reported on SEMS and TIPS in refractory EV hemorrhage. Our primary goals were to analyze and compare the pooled all-cause mortality, immediate bleeding control and rebleeding rates.
Results Five hundred forty-seven patients from 21 studies were analyzed (SEMS: 12 studies, 176 patients; TIPS: 9 studies, 398 patients). The pooled rate of all-cause mortality with SEMS was 43.6 % (95 % CI 28.6–59.8, I2  = 38) and with TIPS was 27.9 % (95 % CI 16.3–43.6, I2  = 91). The pooled rate of immediate bleeding control with SEMS was 84.5 % (95 % CI 74–91.2, I2  = 40) and with TIPS was 97.9 % (95 % CI 87.7–99.7, I2  = 0). The pooled rate of rebleeding with SEMS was 19.4 % (95 % CI 11.9–30.4, I2  = 32) and with TIPS was 8.8 % (95 % CI 4.8–15.7, I2  = 40).
Conclusion Use of SEMS in refractory EV hemorrhage demonstrates acceptable immediate bleeding control with good technical success rate. Mortality and rebleeding rates were lesser with TIPS, however, its superiority and/ or inferiority cannot be validated due to limitations in the comparison methodology.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided thrombin injection, a management approach for visceral artery pseudoaneurysms
Authors: Maharshi Sudhir , Sharma Shyam Sunder , Sharma Deepak , Sapra Bharat , Nijhawan Sandeep 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Pseudoaneurysms are usually associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. There are limited data in the literature on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided thrombin injection for pseudoaneurysms. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of EUS-guided thrombin injection for pseudoaneurysms.
Patients and methods This prospective study was conducted in our department between January and December 2018. All patients with symptomatic visceral artery pseudoaneurysms, who were unable to undergo angioembolization, were enrolled consecutively. Data related to demography, laboratory parameters, radiological imaging, pseudoaneurysms, and endotherapy were analyzed.
Results Eight patients with median age 34 years (27–58 years), all men, were studied. The vessel involved was the splenic artery in 5 patients (62.5 %), the left hepatic artery in 2 (25 %), and the gastroduodenal artery in 1 patient (12.5%). The median size of the pseudoaneurysms was 2.9 cm × 2.6 cm (range, 1.8 × 1.9–4 × 5 cm). The median thrombin requirement was 400 IU (range, 200–500 IU) for loss of Doppler flow signals. EUS after 3 months showed obliterated pseudoaneurysms in 7 patients (87.5 %), while recurrence was observed in 1 patient (12.5 %) after 6 weeks.
Conclusions EUS-guided thrombin injection may be a new option for the management of pseudoaneurysms.
Irregularly branched microvessels as visualized by magnifying endoscopy: a reliable marker for predicting deep submucosal invasion of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ono Yoichiro , Takaki Yasuhiro , Yao Kenshi , Ishikawa Satoshi , Miyaoka Masaki , Yano Yutaka , Nagahama Takashi , Hisabe Takashi , Hirai Fumihito , Ueki Toshiharu , Ota Atsuko , Tanabe Hiroshi , Haraoka Seiji , Iwashita Akinori , Mikami Koji , Maekawa Takafumi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) is reported to be useful in diagnosing invasion depth of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but accurate diagnosis of deep submucosal invasion (SM2) has remained difficult. However, we discovered that irregularly branched microvessels observed with M-NBI are detected in SM2 cancers with high prevalence. Thus, this retrospective study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of irregularly branched microvessels as visualized by M-NBI for predicting SM2 cancers.
Patients and methods Patients with superficial esophageal SCC lesions that were endoscopically or surgically resected at our hospital between September 2005 and December 2014 were included. Endoscopic findings by M-NBI of these lesions were presented to an experienced endoscopist who was unaware of the histopathological diagnosis and who then judged whether irregularly branched microvessels were present. Using the invasion depth according to postoperative histopathological diagnosis as the gold standard, we determined the diagnostic performance of the presence of irregularly branched microvessels as an indicator for SM2 cancers.
Results A total of 302 superficial esophageal SCC lesions (228 patients) were included in the analysis. When irregularly branched microvessels were used as an indicator of SM2 cancers, the diagnostic accuracy was 94.0 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 91.1–96.1 %), sensitivity was 79.4 % (95 % CI: 66.6–88.4 %), specificity was 95.9 % (95 % CI: 94.3–97.0 %), positive predictive value was 71.1 % (95 % CI: 59.6–79.1 %), and negative predictive value was 97.3 % (95% CI: 95.7–98.5 %).
Conclusions Irregularly branched microvessels may be a reliable M-NBI indicator for the diagnosis of cancers with deep submucosal invasion.
Clinical implications of decision making in colorectal polypectomy: an international survey of Western endoscopists suggests priorities for change
Authors: Tate David J. , Desomer Lobke , Heitman Steven J. , Forbes Nauzer , Burgess Nicholas G. , Awadie Halim , Gralnek Ian M. , Geldof Jeroen , De Looze Danny , Rex Douglas , Anderson John , Bourke Michael J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction Colonoscopy prevents colorectal cancer via the detection and resection of premalignant polyps. This effect may be attenuated by variations in polypectomy, with multiple techniques available and a wide range of experience amongst endoscopists. We assessed current practice against the best available contemporary evidence.
Methods An online survey was distributed to members of the gastroenterological and surgical societies of seven countries during July 2017. Images of colorectal polyps were presented and respondents requested to provide the polypectomy technique they would employ in their daily practice. Responses were compared to the evidence-based techniques in the 2017 ESGE Colorectal Polypectomy Guideline.
Results In total, 707 endoscopists (627 physicians, 71 surgeons, 9 nurse endoscopists, median practice duration 18 years) completed the survey. Of these, 3.1 % selected hot biopsy forceps and 5.2 % hot snare polypectomy (without submucosal lifting) to remove a 3 mm ascending colon polyp. Only 43.3 % selected cold snare polypectomy (CSP) to remove an 8 mm ascending colon polyp. Surgical referral was selected by 16.7 % of respondents for a 45 mm transverse colon polyp without endoscopic evidence of submucosal invasive cancer (SMIC). Endoscopic resection was selected by 12.0 % for an 80 mm sigmoid polyp with imaging consistent with deep SMIC, and a further 26.4 % selected tertiary endoscopist referral, suggesting they had not appreciated that it was endoscopically unresectable.
Conclusion CSP is underutilized for small polyp resection despite its favorable safety and efficacy. Benign polyps are commonly referred for surgery and overt SMIC is underappreciated using endoscopic imaging. Addressing these issues may reduce diathermy-related adverse events, surgery, and unnecessary colonoscopic procedures for patients and reduce rates of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer.
Impacto femoroacetabular e lesão do lábio acetabular - Parte 1: Fisiopatologia e biomecânic
Authors: Ejnisman Leandro , Ricioli Júnior Walter , Queiroz Marcelo Cavalheiro , Vicente Jose Ricardo Negreiros , Croci Alberto Tesconi , Polesello Giancarlo Cavalli 
Published: April 2020

ResumoO impacto femoroacetabular (IFA) é uma importante causa de dor no quadril, e a principal etiologia da osteoartrose do quadril no jovem. O IFA é caracterizado por alterações sutis da anatomia do acetábulo e do fêmur proximal que podem causar lesões do complexo condrolabial. O lábio é uma estrutura fibrocartilaginosa essencial na estabilidade articular. Três tipos de IFA são descritos: came (onde há uma anesfericidade da cabeça femoral), pincer (onde há uma sobrecobertura acetabular) e misto (que apresenta características de ambos). A etiologia do IFA está relacionada com características genéticas e ambientais. O conhecimento desta doença e sua fisiopatologia é essencial para o tratamento de pacientes que apresentam dor no quadril.
A Nationwide Enumeration of Operations Performed for Pediatric Patients in Ghana
Authors: Gyedu Adam , Stewart Barclay , Gaskill Cameron , Salia Emmanuella , Wadie Raymond , Abantanga Francis , Donkor Peter , Mock Charles 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction Currently, there are no existing benchmarks for evaluating a nation's pediatric surgical capacity in terms of met and unmet needs.
Materials and Methods Data on pediatric operations performed from 2014 to 2015 were obtained from a representative sample of hospitals in Ghana, then scaled up for national estimates. Operations were categorized as “essential” (most cost-effective, highest population impact) as designated by the World Bank's Disease Control Priorities versus “other.” Estimates were then compared with pediatric operation rates in New Zealand to determine unmet pediatric surgery need in Ghana.
Results A total of 29,884 operations were performed for children <15 years, representing an annual operation rate of 284/100,000 (95% uncertainty interval: 205–364). Essential procedures constituted 66% of all pediatric operations; 12,397 (63%) were performed at district hospitals. General surgery (8,808; 29%) and trauma (6,302; 21%) operations were most common. Operations for congenital conditions were few (826; 2.8%). Tertiary hospitals performed majority (55%) of operations outside of the essential category. Compared with the New Zealand benchmark (3,806 operations/100,000 children <15 years), Ghana is meeting only 7% of its pediatric surgical needs.
Conclusion Ghana has a large unmet need for pediatric surgical care. Pediatric-specific benchmarking is needed to guide surgical capacity efforts in low- and middle-income country healthcare systems.
Resultados funcionais do tratamento artroscópico no impacto femoroacetabular em pacientes com mais de 60 anos em comparação com pacientes com 40 anos ou menos
Authors: Aguilera-Bohórquez Bernardo , Brugiatti Miguel , Coaquira Ruddy , Cardozo Orlando , Cantor Erika 
Published: April 2020

ResumoObjetivo Avaliar os resultados funcionais de pacientes diagnosticados com impacto femoroacetabular (IFA) e com mais de 60 anos de idade em comparação aos resultados de pacientes com até 40 anos de idade.Métodos Esta é uma revisão retrospectiva de pacientes com IFA submetidos à artroscopia do quadril entre 2010 e 2015. Os pacientes eram adultos com mais de 60 anos de idade e Tönnis ≤ 1, alocados na proporção de 1:1 com adultos de até 40 anos de idade, de acordo com o tipo de deformidade (came, pincer, ou misto), sexo e data de realização da cirurgia.Resultados Trinta e quatro pacientes foram incluídos em cada grupo. A idade média foi de 30,6 ± 6,9 anos e 65,6 ± 4,6 anos nos grupos controle e de casos, respectivamente. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos no acompanhamento de 1 ano (p > 0.05). No primeiro ano após a cirurgia, a pontuação Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) passou de 46,3 para 22,0 no grupo de pacientes mais velhos (casos) e de 38,1 para 7,2 no grupo controle em comparação ao estágio pré-operatório.Conclusão O grupo de pacientes com até 40 anos de idade apresentou uma mudança considerável na pontuação WOMAC, mas sem significado estatístico em comparação ao grupo de pacientes acima de 60 anos. Essa observação sugere que a artroscopia do quadril é benéfica quando a seleção de pacientes com IFA é apropriada, independentemente da idade dos indivíduos.
Bacterial flagellar motor PL-ring disassembly subcomplexes are widespread and ancient
Authors: Kaplan Mohammed , Sweredoski Michael J. , Rodrigues João P. G. L. M. , Tocheva Elitza I. , Chang Yi-Wei , Ortega Davi R. , Beeby Morgan , Jensen Grant J. 
Published: April 2020

Significance
In order to understand the evolution of complex biological machines like the bacterial flagellar motor, it is crucial to know what each component does and when it arose. Here, we show that a subcomplex of the motor thought to act as a bushing for the spinning motor likely also serves another function—it plugs the hole in the outer membrane left when the flagellum disassembles. Moreover, this component and function is ancient, since it appears in diverse phyla without evidence of recent gene transfer.
Enhancing clean cooking options in peri-urban Kenya: a pilot study of advanced gasifier stove adoption
Authors: Bailis Rob , Ghosh Emily , O’Connor Margaret , Kwamboka Elvine , Ran Ylva , Lambe Fiona 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Kenya has experienced a decade of relative prosperity with consistent economic growth and minimal political tension. GDP is growing by 3% annually and poverty rates are declining. Despite these gains, Kenya still has a lot of ground to cover to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. SDG7, which aims to ‘Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all’, exemplifies both Kenya’s achievements and the challenges that remain. Access to grid-based electricity and LPG have grown rapidly. However, over 90% of Kenyans still rely on polluting fuels like wood, charcoal and/or kerosene for some or all of their cooking needs. Substantial effort is needed to ensure all Kenyans have access to clean cooking options by 2030. We present the results of a pilot study in which gasifier-based pellet stoves were introduced in 150 peri-urban households. The stoves include an internal fan that improves combustion efficiency and reduces emissions by 90%–99% relative to charcoal and fuelwood in traditional devices. A subset of participants received stoves with ‘Pay-as-You-Cook’ (PAYC) hardware, which relies on pre-paid RFID card to activate the stove’s internal fan, allowing vendors to sell the stove below cost and recoup losses through pellet sales. We find that people were willing to include pellet stoves in their cooking routines and, in many cases, pellets displaced polluting fuels. We also find that PAYC hardware did not negatively impact adoption: PAYC users had higher daily rates of fuel consumption and reported higher willingness to pay for the stove than non-PAYC users. However, stoves were not used exclusively. Instead, people stacked pellets in combination with other cooking options, with pellets contributing to 12%–40% of their cooking needs (inter-quartile range). Though the project did not successfully overcome all of the barriers necessary to achieve long-term adoption of advanced pellet stoves, the results demonstrate that pellets could contribute to a portfolio of cleaner options.

Social media abstract:

In a pilot project, clean-burning ‘pay-as-you-cook’ pellet stoves were stacked with LPG and polluting fuels.