bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Global Ocean Biodiversity Initiative: Promoting scientific support for global ocean governance
Authors: Johnson David , Barrio Froján Christopher , Bax Nicholas , Dunstan Piers , Woolley Skipton , Halpin Pat , Dunn Daniel , Hazin Carolina , Dias Maria , Davies Tammy , Jiménez Jorge , Ross Erick , Van Dover Cindy , Notarbartolo Di Sciara Giuseppe , Hoyt Erich , Tetley Michael J. , Gunn Vikki , Von Nordheim Henning 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Addressing the challenge of protecting biodiversity in the global ocean requires a sound knowledge and understanding of the complex marine environment.
Since 2008 the Global Ocean Biodiversity Initiative (GOBI) has been established as a voluntary dedicated group of marine institutions and scientists working to support conservation and protection of marine biodiversity. A focus has been work to support the Convention on Biological Diversity's Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Area (EBSA) process. GOBI partners have provided expert interpretation of evidence‐based information and sought to compile and collate available information.
An effective and coherent global network of marine protected areas must include bioregional representative replicates of features; once described, EBSAs can help focus attention on where and what kind of protective measures may be needed.
GOBI is currently undertaking a 5‐year programme of research funded by the German International Climate Initiative, working to strengthen baselines and contribute new data to the EBSA and other processes. This involves developing detailed biogeographies for the Pacific and Indian Oceans, assessing the movement of migratory species, advancing understanding of biodiversity at vents and seeps, developing a model governance system for the Costa Rica Thermal Dome, and incorporating Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas and Important Marine Mammal Areas.
GOBI has taken initiatives to build on the results of the Census of Marine Life and ensure best available marine biodiversity information is considered by states and intergovernmental organizations. GOBI support for ocean governance, including data development and expert consultation, will also contribute to the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030). Future challenges include capacity building and new approaches to incorporate traditional knowledge.
Marine protected areas in southern China: Upgrading conservation effectiveness in the ‘eco‐civilization’ era
Authors: McCook Laurence J. , Lian Jiansheng , Lei Xinming , Chen Zhu , Xue Guifang , Ang Put , Zhang Xiong , Huang Hui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

China has undergone massive economic development over the last several decades, but at the cost of serious environmental degradation, including to coastal and marine ecosystems.
This paper describes the governance arrangements for management of coastal and marine areas of southern, mainland China and Hong Kong, especially marine protected areas (MPAs).
Although not widely recognized internationally, there are 123 designated MPAs spread across the South China Sea coast. However, the effectiveness of these MPAs in conservation of ecosystem goods and services is seriously limited by a familiar range of pressures, including limited resources, insufficient enforcement and massive coastal development.
Recent developments in national policy include integration of all protected areas (including marine) under a single agency, a range of limits on coastal development and water pollution, and the strategy of ‘eco‐civilization’ to balance environmental management with economic development. If successfully implemented, these policies would profoundly change the course of marine environments in China, with globally significant consequences.
Recommendations for improving MPA performance in China include:

ensuring that marine systems are not overwhelmed within the new national jurisdiction, and maintaining and enhancing marine capacity;
increased resourcing, supported by comprehensive and systematic economic valuations of ecosystem goods and services and natural capital;
upgraded enforcement of existing environmental laws and regulations, combined with further refinement and development, especially around cumulative impact management;
a particular focus on major reduction in water pollution in all forms;
integration of marine management between Hong Kong SAR and surrounding Guangdong Province; and
enhanced community engagement, participation and education.

Finally, much greater, collaborative engagement by the international community with Chinese marine management and conservation would bring major, and very mutual, benefits.
Looking beyond the horizon: An early warning system to keep marine mammal information relevant for conservation
Authors: Agardy Tundi , Cody Mary , Hastings Sean , Hoyt Erich , Nelson Anne , Tetley Michael , Notarbartolo di Sciara Giuseppe 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Important marine mammal areas (IMMAs) are discrete portions of habitat, important to marine mammal species, that have the potential to be delineated and managed for conservation. Although IMMAs are not a blueprint for marine protected areas or other conservation designations, they are useful for providing a foundation for marine spatial planning and systematic conservation planning that can then lead to protected areas or special spatial regulations. To be most useful for supporting management and conservation, however, the information coming out of IMMAs needs to reflect current conditions.
An ‘early warning system’ is proposed with a generic set of indicators to flag when marine mammal species in IMMAs require management interventions due to changing distributions or decreasing populations. Rather than signifying that quantitative thresholds have been reached, these indicators comprise alerting information derived from visual or acoustic census, satellite imagery analysis, whale‐watching logs, or increases in mortality reported by stranding networks that can trigger additional targeted research.
Although it is possible that in some regions data will be sufficient to provide quantifiable indicators, the system is meant to rely on existing data sources, and be adaptable to the circumstances of each region.
Regional expert groups can utilize early warning system information and feed it into IMMA‐related spatial planning in two ways: by nominating additional areas of interest, and by providing a scientific rationale for revising IMMA boundaries, to be considered at the next decadal IMMA regional expert workshop.
IMMA‐driven consolidation of information that is as current as possible will prove valuable for enhancing regional cooperation to conserve marine mammals, and will be useful as countries implement new protected areas to conserve marine mammals and other marine biodiversity.
Marine protected areas invaded by floating anthropogenic litter: An example from the South Pacific
Authors: Luna‐Jorquera Guillermo , Thiel Martin , Portflitt‐Toro Matias , Dewitte Boris 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Oceanic marine protected areas (MPAs) that are close to the litter accumulation zones in the subtropical gyres receive large amounts of plastic litter, both as micro‐ and as macroplastics.
The macro‐litter accumulating on the islands in the Easter Island Ecoregion (Rapa Nui and Salas y Gómez) can be traced back to the high seas industrial fishery operating in the South Pacific.
Seabirds nesting in the MPAs in the South Pacific are affected by both microplastic ingestion and macroplastic in their nests, but there was no evidence of entangled birds.
Conservation of seabirds (and other species) in these oceanic MPAs requires efficient measures to reduce plastic contamination in the ocean.
Observations made in the South Pacific coincide with those from other oceanic MPAs, calling for global actions.
Science, capacity building and conservation knowledge: The empowerment of the local community for marine conservation in Rapa Nui
Authors: Paredes Felipe , Flores Diego , Figueroa Alejandra , Gaymer Carlos F. , Aburto Jaime A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Marine protected areas have been scaling up from small areas located in coastal waters to large‐scale marine protected areas in remote areas, partly in response to the international agenda to conserve 10% of marine and coastal areas.
Chile has made considerable progress in the designation of large‐scale marine protected areas in its oceanic islands with varying degrees of top‐down and bottom‐up processes, scientific knowledge and interplay among institutions.
The process of designating the multiple‐uses marine protected area in Rapa Nui (Easter Island) involved interplay among scientific research, capacity building, local knowledge and collaboration between sectors, which contributed to the community transformation toward marine conservation in Rapa Nui.
A recent increase in scientific research on the marine ecosystems was transmitted to stakeholders and the local community via capacity‐building actions. The knowledge‐based empowerment of the Rapanui population (inhabitants of Rapa Nui) involved the definition not only of the objectives, the extension and the conservation goals of the Rapa Nui multiple‐uses marine protected area, but also of the implications beyond the designation, such as issues of governance, management and financing.
The implementation of the Rapa Nui multiple‐uses marine protected area will test local and Rapanui government relationships. The continuous science‐knowledge‐based dialogue in a strengthened relationship between the government and the local community in a ‘process of relating’ might be the pathway to future effective conservation efforts and successes.
No further evidence for a transiting inner companion to the hot Jupiter HATS‐50b
Authors: Mallonn Matthias 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMost hot Jupiter exoplanets do not have a nearby planetary companion in their planetary system. One remarkable exception is the system of WASP‐47 with an inner and outer nearby companion to a hot Jupiter, providing detailed constraints on its formation history. In this work, we follow up on a tentative photometric signal of a transiting inner companion to the hot Jupiter HATS‐50 b. If confirmed, it would be the third case of a hot Jupiter with an inner companion. Sixty three hours of new ground‐based photometry were employed to rule out this signal to about 96% confidence. The injection of artificial transit signals showed the data to be of sufficient quality to reveal the potential photometric feature at high significance. However, no transit signal was found. The discrete pattern of observing blocks leaves a slight chance that the transit was missed.
Mit Holz hoch und weit hinaus
Authors: Werwigk Michael , Markert Florian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIm Nationalpark Schwarzwald entsteht ein neues Besucher‐ und Informationszentrum. Der Standort für das neue, spektakuläre Gebäude‐Ensemble liegt auf über 900 m ü. NN. inmitten bewaldeter Hänge. Daher greift der Entwurf die Assoziation von kreuz und quer übereinandergefallener Totholzstämme auf. Dieses Bild wurde in Proportion und Materialbeschaffenheit auf die einzelnen Baukörper des Zentrums unter der Vorgabe umgesetzt, den Baustoff Holz möglichst umfangreich einzusetzen. Die so entstandenen, bis zu 65 m langen Riegel bieten Platz für über 3 000 m2 Ausstellungsfläche, bei der die Besucher in der Dauerausstellung auf eine Reise durch den Wald geführt werden. Auch die Fassade soll sich an der umgebenden Natur des Schwarzwalds orientieren und eine Verkleidung aus Holzschindeln erhalten. Der Bericht über das neue Besucherzentrum gibt Einblick in Planung, Konstruktion und momentan laufende Bauausführung der anspruchsvollen hybriden Tragkonstruktion.
Congenital microcephaly hospitalizations in California infants: 1999–2013
Authors: Krasnow Maya R. , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Contopoulos‐Ioannidis Despina G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionPopulation‐level changes in microcephaly incidence risk (IR) could signal circulation of neurotropic pathogens or potential emerging teratogen exposure.MethodsIn this retrospective population cohort study, we estimated the IR of hospitalizations with a microcephaly ICD‐9‐CM discharge diagnosis code among infants ≤1 year over a 15‐year period (1999–2013) using the Electronic Health Record (EHR) database from all hospital discharges in California from the Office of Statewide Hospital Planning and Development (OSHPD) database. We calculated the overall and yearly IRs per 10,000 live births (LBs) and per 10,000 hospitalizations in infants ≤1 year, and explored the impact in the IR estimates when children with microcephaly associated comorbidities were excluded or not.ResultsAmong 8,860,153 hospital discharges of infants ≤1 year in the OSHPD database over this 15 year period, we identified 6,004 hospitalizations with a microcephaly discharge diagnosis code; 3,526 of those were in neonates ≤30 days. The IR of microcephaly hospitalizations for infants ≤1 year was 7.70/10,000 LB (for neonates it was 4.52/10,000 LB) and 6.78 per 10,000 hospitalizations ≤1 year. There was large heterogeneity in the yearly microcephaly IRs (I2 = 66.6%).DiscussionEHR collected data could be used as a complementary approach to track epidemiologic changes in microcephaly IRs. However, standardization in the use of microcephaly discharge diagnosis code and harmonization in the types of additional comorbidities to be excluded across analyses is mandatory to allow for prompt identification of true changes in microcephaly rates over time.
MicroRNA‐binding site polymorphisms and risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gholami Morteza , Larijani Bagher , Sharifi Farshad , Hasani‐Ranjbar Shirin , Taslimi Reza , Bastami Milad , Atlasi Rasha , Amoli Mahsa M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGenetic variations in miRNAs binding site might participate in cancer risk. This study aimed to systematically review the association between miRNA‐binding site polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC). Electronic literature search was carried out on PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and Embase. All types of observational studies till 30 November 2018 were included. Overall 85 studies (21 SNPs) from two systematic searches were included analysis. The results showed that in the Middle East population, the minor allele of rs731236 was associated with decreased risk of CRC (heterozygote model: 0.76 [0.61‐0.95]). The minor allele of rs3025039 was related to increased risk of CRC in East Asian population (allelic model: 1.25 [1.01‐1.54]). Results for rs3212986 were significant in overall and subgroup analysis (P < .05). For rs1801157 in subgroup analysis the association was significant in Asian populations (including allelic model: 2.28 [1.11‐4.69]). For rs712, subgroup analysis revealed a significant (allelic model: 1.41 [1.23‐1.61]) and borderline (allelic model: 0.92 [0.84‐1.00]) association in Chinese and Czech populations, respectively. The minor allele of rs17281995 increased risk of CRC in different genetic models (P < .05). Finally, rs5275, rs4648298, and rs61764370 did not show significant associations. In conclusion, minor allele of rs3025039, rs3212986, and rs712 polymorphisms increases the risk of CRC in the East Asian population, and heterozygote model of rs731236 polymorphism shows protective effect in the Middle East population. In Europeans, the minor allele of rs17281995 may increase the risk of CRC, while rs712 may have a protective effect. Further analysis based on population stratifications should be considered in future studies.
Physician‐office vs home uptake of colorectal cancer screening using FOBT/FIT among screening‐eligible US adults
Authors: Chido‐Amajuoyi Onyema Greg , Sharma Anushree , Talluri Rajesh , Tami‐Maury Irene , Shete Sanjay 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines of the American Cancer Society and US Preventive Services Task Force specify that colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using guaiac‐based fecal occult blood test (FOBT)/fecal immunochemical test (FIT) should be done at home. We therefore examined the prevalence and correlates of CRC screening using FOBT/FIT in physicians' office vs at home.MethodsAnalysis of 9493 respondents 50‐75 years old from the Cancer Control Supplement of the 2015 National Health Interview Survey was conducted. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of in‐office vs home use of FOBT/FIT for CRC screening.ResultsOf the overall sample of screening‐eligible adults (n = 9403), only 937 (10.4%) respondents underwent CRC screening using FOBT/FIT within the past year; among this screening population, 279 (28.3%) respondents were screened in‐office. We found that sociodemographic factors alone, not CRC risk factors, determined whether FOBT/FIT would be used in‐office or at home. Hispanics had greater odds of being screened in‐office using FOBT/FIT (aOR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.05‐3.99). Compared with those 50‐59 years old, respondents 70‐75 years old were less likely to be screened in‐office using FOBT/FIT (aOR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25‐0.79). Similarly, individuals residing in the Western region of the country had lower odds of in‐office FOBT/FIT (aOR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.11‐0.58).ConclusionAmid low overall uptake rates of FOBT/FIT in the United States, in‐physician office testing is high, indicative of a missed opportunity for effective screening and poor adherence of physicians to national guidelines. Sociodemographic factors are determinants of uptake of FOBT/FIT at home or in‐office and should be considered in designing interventions aimed at providers and the general population.
Clinical significance of mirror lesions in lower extremity arterial disease
Authors: Kiesz R. Stefan , Góra Bartłomiej , Kolarczyk‐Haczyk Aleksandra , Kachel Mateusz , Trendel Wojciech , Paz Jesica , Nowakowski Przemysław , Proczka Robert , Milewski Krzysztof 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of bilateral peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patterns.BackgroundNo prior study has evaluated the clinical significance of symmetrical lesion patterns, particularly the coexistence of same‐level significant plaques in both lower extremities (“mirror lesions”).MethodsWe conducted a single‐facility, primary data analysis involving 225 patients with symptomatic PAD.ResultsEighty‐two percent of the patients had bilateral lesions: 14.2% had femoropopliteal, 38.7% had infrapopliteal, and 27.1% had both femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal lesions. The lesions were found in the exact same arteries bilaterally in 24.9% of the patients, while 26.7% had a local mirror pattern limited to the femoropopliteal (13.7%) or infrapopliteal (12.9%) arteries.Having a lesion in an artery was a risk factor for occlusive disease of the corresponding artery on the other side. Patients presenting with critical limb ischemia (CLI) had a history of resting pain (17%), ulceration/gangrene (13%), or prior amputation (26%) of the contralateral limb. Patients with significant bilateral disease had unilateral false‐negative ABI results in 11.6% of the cases. The arterial Doppler study results were unilaterally false‐negative in 19.6% and bilaterally false‐negative in 2.8% of the patients.ConclusionsPatients with known peripheral arterial disease need to have both limbs fully evaluated and monitored, even in cases with negative screening results. Mirror angiographic imaging is common and often accompanied by symptoms of claudication. Unilateral ischemia is a strong risk factor for contralateral disease. Patients with CLI are at high risk for occlusive lesions of the nonindex limb.
Deep Eutectic Solvents as Media in Alcohol Dehydrogenase‐Catalyzed Reductions of Halogenated Ketones
Authors: Ibn Majdoub Hassani Fatima Zohra , Amzazi Saaid , Kreit Joseph , Lavandera Iván 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe application of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in biotechnological processes has gained an outstanding relevance, as they can be used as greener media to obtain higher productivities and selectivities. In the present contribution, an eutectic mixture composed of choline chloride (ChCl): glycerol (1 : 2 mol/mol) has been used as a reaction medium in combination with Tris−SO4 50 mM buffer pH 7.5, applied to the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)‐catalyzed reduction of various carbonyl precursors of chiral halohydrins. These alcohols are key intermediates of biologically active compounds, and hence they are of industrial interest. In the presence of up to 50 % v/v of DES, these biotransformations were achieved up to 300–400 mM of the α‐halogenated ketone substrate, getting access to the final compounds with excellent conversions (usually >90 %) and enantiomeric excess (ee >99 %). Among the different ADHs tested, two stereocomplementary enzymes (Lactobacillus brevis ADH and Rhodococcus ruber ADH) afforded the best results, so both alcohol enantiomers could be obtained in all the studied examples. Selected bioreductions were scaled up to 250 mg and 1 g, demonstrating the potential that DESs can offer as media in redox processes for substrates with low solubility in water.
Removal of Cypermethrin and Chemical Oxygen Demand from Livestock Wastewater by Electrocoagulation
Authors: Pinedo-Hernández José , Marrugo-Negrete José , Díez Sergi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe direct discharge of wastewater from livestock into freshwater and surface runoff originating from processing areas threaten aquatic ecosystems and the quality of drinking water taken from streams. The present work studied the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and cypermethrin (Cyp) from livestock wastewater generated after cattle baths by a continuous electrocoagulation (EC) process. The effect of pH, retention time, and voltage on COD and Cyp removal was examined. Under the optimal operating conditions, EC effectively removed COD (93 %) and cypermethrin (96 %). Thus, continuous EC was successfully applied to treat livestock wastewater.
Simple and Cost‐Effective Electrochemical Approach for Monitoring of Vitamin K in Green Vegetables
Authors: Jesadabundit Whitchuta , Chaiyo Sudkate , Siangproh Weena , Chailapakul Orawon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis work presents a simple and sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of total vitamin K (K1 and K2) using a disposable screen‐printed graphene electrode (SPGE). The application for the determination of vitamin K1 in green vegetables by this sensor was developed. The proposed method is based on controlling of negative potential for seconds and scanning it to a positive for oxidation analysis. The capacitance of SPGE was studied and it showed a higher sensitivity for vitamin K determination in comparison to carbon. The parameters, such as the pH of electrolytes, accumulation potential, accumulation time, etc. were investigated. The limit of detection was observed at 0.099 μg mL−1. This method was successfully applied for the determination of the vitamin K1 in various green vegetables. Therefore, the proposed method can be used for quality control of vitamin K1 in natural samples to create the food composition table.