bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inherited Disorders of Hemoglobin and Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Authors: Christiane Bougouma Edith , Bienvenu Sirima Sodiomon 
Published: November 2020

An estimated 300,000 babies are born each year with severe Inherited Disorders of Hemoglobin (IDH). Despite major advances in the understanding of the molecular pathology, control, and management of the IDH thousands of infants and children with these diseases are dying due to the accessibility to appropriate medical care. In addition, as malaria has been the principal cause of early mortality in several parts of the world for much of the last 5000 years, as a result, it is the strongest force for selective pressure on the human genome. That is why, in the world, there is an overlap of malaria endemicity and IDH. Over the past twenty years several studies have shown that IDH such us hemoglobin and/or red cell membrane abnormalities confer resistance to malaria reducing hence the mortality during the first years of life. This has led to the selection of populations with IDH in malaria-endemic areas. This may explain the overlap between these two pathologies. This chapter aims to present the relationship between IDH and malaria susceptibility, make an overview of the current state of knowledge and the burden of IDH, and highlight steps that require to be taken urgently to improve the situation.
Le codesign comme nouvelle approche pédagogique dans les ateliers de conception : étude exploratoire à travers le vécu des étudiants
Authors: Boudhrâa Sana , Dorta Tomas 
Published: November 2020

L’enseignement dans les ateliers de projet fait face à des défis d’innovation pédagogique. L’approche pédagogique la plus commune jusqu’à maintenant est la critique, laquelle se réalise dans un environnement basé sur l’apprentissage par projet. Or l’approche que nous proposons comme stratégie pédagogique innovante se base sur le codesign actif et se positionne à l’opposée d’une approche traditionnelle basée sur la revue des projets. Elle a été appliquée à un atelier de design industriel en vue d’étudier son apport et ses caractéristiques, tel qu’ils ont été perçus par les étudiants, en comparaison avec la critique traditionnelle. Des éléments clés se distinguent tels que les nouveaux rôles de l’enseignant qui changent selon la situation (manager, designer-expert, consultant, « chalengeur »), le ressenti des étudiants (moins de stress, plus de confiance à s’exprimer et à réfléchir à haute voix, meilleure génération d’idées, environnement collaboratif) et la contribution des participants.
L’enseignement à distance de l’entrepreneuriat : quelle expertise pédagogique?
Authors: Frangioni Marina , Pelletier Patrick , Lachapelle Nathalie 
Published: November 2020

Bien que l’entrepreneuriat fasse l’objet de recherches académiques depuis près de deux siècles (Chell, 2008), son enseignement ne s’est véritablement institutionnalisé dans les écoles de gestion que depuis les années 1990 (Eyraud, 2016). Alors que cet enseignement repose le plus souvent sur des méthodes pensées pour être efficaces en mode présentiel, quelle expertise pédagogique doit-on développer pour la formation à distance? Et quelle posture professionnelle le professeur doit-il adopter pour développer cette expertise? C’est à ces questions que tente de répondre cet article qui présente les stratégies développées par l’École des sciences de l’administration (ÉSA) de l’Université TÉLUQ, une université à distance francophone associée au réseau de l’Université du Québec. Il est soutenu que la conception d’un programme d’études à distance en entrepreneuriat basé sur des approches pédagogiques innovantes visant l’acquisition de savoirs expérientiels et d’apprentissages authentiques par l’étudiant ne peut se faire sans que le professeur tire avantage des préceptes de l’approche-programme (Basque, 2017) et de la posture professionnelle du praticien-chercheur en enseignement (Bédard, 2017). Différentes propositions de recherche-action sont mises de l’avant pour construire l’expertise pédagogique nécessaire à l’enseignement à distance de l’entrepreneuriat.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Pentacyclic Proaporphine Alkaloid (−)‐Misramine
Authors: Pu Liu‐Yang , Yang Fan , Chen Ji‐Qiang , Xiong Ying , Xie Jian‐Hua , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn enantioselective total synthesis of pentacyclic proaporphine alkaloid (−)‐misramine has been achieved. The synthetic route features a Pictet‐Spengler cyclization to construct the fused B and C rings and a sequence of Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation, Pinnick oxidation, and pinacol‐type cyclization to install the α‐hydroxy ketal moiety. The absolute configuration of the pentacyclic framework was elucidated by X‐ray single‐crystal analyses of (−)‐11‐demethoxymisramine.magnified image
Estimation of differential occupational risk of COVID‐19 by comparing risk factors with case data by occupational group
Authors: Zhang Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe disease burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is not uniform across occupations. Although healthcare workers are well‐known to be at increased risk, data for other occupations are lacking. In lieu of this, models have been used to forecast occupational risk using various predictors, but no model heretofore has used data from actual case numbers. This study assesses the differential risk of COVID‐19 by occupation using predictors from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database and correlating them with case counts published by the Washington State Department of Health to identify workers in individual occupations at highest risk of COVID‐19 infection.MethodsThe O*NET database was screened for potential predictors of differential COVID‐19 risk by occupation. Case counts delineated by occupational group were obtained from public sources. Prevalence by occupation was estimated and correlated with O*NET data to build a regression model to predict individual occupations at greatest risk.ResultsTwo variables correlate with case prevalence: disease exposure (r = 0.66;p = 0.001) and physical proximity (r = 0.64;p = 0.002), and predict 47.5% of prevalence variance (p = 0.003) on multiple linear regression analysis. The highest risk occupations are in healthcare, particularly dental, but many nonhealthcare occupations are also vulnerable.ConclusionsModels can be used to identify workers vulnerable to COVID‐19, but predictions are tempered by methodological limitations. Comprehensive data across many states must be collected to adequately guide implementation of occupation‐specific interventions in the battle against COVID‐19.
Rational Construction of Borromean Linked Crystalline Organic Polymers
Authors: Guo Xiuxiu , Lin En , Gao Jia , Mao Tianhui , Yan Dong , Cheng Peng , Ma Shengqian , Chen Yao , Zhang Zhenjie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAttributed to the unique topological complexity and elegant beauty, Borromean systems are attracting intense attention. However, at present, the construction of Borromean linked organic polymers remains a challenge. To address this formidable challenge, we developed a supramolecular‐synthon‐driven approach to fabricate Borromean linked organic polymer. The solvothermal condensation reaction of a judiciously selected trigonal pyramidal building block, 1,3,5‐Tris(4‐aminophenyl)adamantane, with linear dialdehyde building blocks allowed the construction of two rare covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high crystallinity and robustness. Structure refinement unveiled the successful formation of entangled 2D→2D Borromean arrayed structures. Both the two COFs were of microporosity and thus demonstrated the potentials for gas separation. The successful synthesis of the first two Borromean linked organic polymers paves the avenue to expand the supramolecular‐synthon‐driven approach to other building blocks and topologies, and broadens the family and scope of COFs.
Isolierung und Reaktivität eines s‐Block‐Metall‐Antiaromaten
Authors: Roy Dipak Kumar , Tröster Tobias , Fantuzzi Felipe , Dewhurst Rian D. , Lenczyk Carsten , Radacki Krzysztof , Pranckevicius Conor , Engels Bernd , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDas Konzept der Aromatizität und der Antiaromatizität ist seit langem bekannt, und zahlreiche Belege für dieses Phänomen wurden durch Moleküle, welche auf Elementen des p‐, d‐ und f‐Blocks des Periodensystems der Elemente (PSE) basieren, geliefert. Aufgrund der begrenzten Varianz des Oxidationszustandes von s‐Block‐Metallen konnten diese bisher nicht mit komplexen π‐Bindungssystemen interagieren. Daher gibt es keine bzw. nur schlecht beschriebene Beispiele für antiaromatische Systeme mit s‐Block‐Metallen. Durch die Verwendung von spektroskopischen, strukturanalytischen und quantenchemischen Methoden konnte eine heterocyclische Verbindung hergestellt und charakterisiert werden, welche das Erdalkalimetall Beryllium enthält und signifikante Antiaromatizität aufweist. Weiterhin beschreiben wir die Reaktivität gegenüber Lewis‐Basen und die chemische Reduktion dieser Verbindung.
Single‐Entity Electrocatalysis of Individual “Picked‐and‐Dropped” Co3O4 Nanoparticles on the Tip of a Carbon Nanoelectrode
Authors: Quast Thomas , Aiyappa Harshitha Barike , Saddeler Sascha , Wilde Patrick , Chen Yen‐Ting , Schulz Stephan , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNano‐electrochemical tools to assess individual catalyst entities are critical to comprehend single‐entity measurements. The intrinsic electrocatalytic activity of an individual well‐defined Co3O4 nanoparticle supported on a carbon‐based nanoelectrode is determined by employing an efficient SEM‐controlled robotic technique for picking and placing a single catalyst particle onto a modified carbon nanoelectrode surface. The stable nanoassembly is microscopically investigated and subsequently electrochemically characterized. The hexagonal‐shaped Co3O4 nanoparticles demonstrate size‐dependent electrochemical activity and exhibit very high catalytic activity with a current density of up to 11.5 A cm−2 at 1.92 V (vs. RHE), and a turnover frequency of 532±100 s−1 at 1.92 V (vs. RHE) towards catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction.
Isolation and Reactivity of an Antiaromatic s‐Block Metal Compound
Authors: Roy Dipak Kumar , Tröster Tobias , Fantuzzi Felipe , Dewhurst Rian D. , Lenczyk Carsten , Radacki Krzysztof , Pranckevicius Conor , Engels Bernd , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe concepts of aromaticity and antiaromaticity have a long history, and countless demonstrations of these phenomena have been made with molecules based on elements from the p, d, and f blocks of the periodic table. In contrast, the limited oxidation‐state flexibility of the s‐block metals has long stood in the way of their participation in sophisticated π‐bonding arrangements, and truly antiaromatic systems containing s‐block metals are altogether absent or remain poorly defined. Using spectroscopic, structural, and computational techniques, we present herein the synthesis and authentication of a heterocyclic compound containing the alkaline earth metal beryllium that exhibits significant antiaromaticity, and detail its chemical reduction and Lewis‐base‐coordination chemistry.
Decision‐making impairments under ambiguous and risky situations in patients with prefrontal tumor: A neuropsychological study
Authors: Wang Yuyang , Wang Xukou , Wang Kai , Zhao Bing , Chen Xingui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe neural mechanism underlying decision‐making, which is an important component of executive function, is complex and not fully understood. Few studies have directly investigated the two types of decision‐making functions – under ambiguity and under risk – in patients with brain tumors in different brain regions.MethodsParticipants were classified into the ventral prefrontal cortex tumor group (VPFC, n = 27), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tumor group (DLPFC, n = 29), and matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 32). All participants were given a battery of neuropsychological tests, and they then performed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Game of Dice Task (GDT) to assess their decision‐making under ambiguity and under risk, respectively.ResultsThe two patient groups performed significantly worse on attention, memory, information processing, and executive function. Additionally, patients in the DLPFC group performed significantly worse on the memory and information processing tests compared with the VPFC and HC groups.ConclusionThis study found that the decision‐making functions of participants in the VPFC and DLPFC tumor groups were impaired to varying degrees. Among them, there was decision‐making impairment under ambiguity and under risk in the VPFC group, and there was decision‐making impairment under risk in the DLPFC group.
Understanding expert testimony on child sexual abuse denial after New Jersey v. J.L.G.: Ground truth, disclosure suspicion bias, and disclosure substantiation bias
Authors: Lyon Thomas D. , Williams Shanna , Stolzenberg Stacia N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe New Jersey Supreme Court held in New Jersey v. J.L.G. (2018) that experts can no longer explain to juries why sexually abused children might deny abuse. The court was influenced by expert testimony that “methodologically superior” studies find lower rates of denial. Examining the studies in detail, we argue that the expert testimony was flawed due to three problems with using child disclosure studies to estimate the likelihood that abused children are reluctant to disclose abuse: the ground truth problem, disclosure suspicion bias, and disclosure substantiation bias. Research identifying groups of children whose abuse can be proven without reliance on disclosure reveals that denial of sexual abuse is common among abused children.
Effect of agronomic management on rice grain quality Part II: Nitrogen rate and timing
Authors: Wood Rachael Maree , Dunn Brian W. , Balindong Jeanette L. , Waters Daniel L. E. , Blanchard Christopher L. , Mawson Andrew John , Oli Prakash 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesIn temperate rice growing regions, the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is often split into two applications to reduce the risk of cold‐induced sterility associated with high N uptake. This strategy involves a basal N application applied pre‐permanent water (PW) and the second application following panicle initiation (PI). Split N application generally increases crop yield, however, data describing the impact on grain quality are relatively sparse. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the split N method on grain quality parameters. We analyzed grain quality under various pre‐PW and PI N rates.FindingsN applied pre‐PW increased head rice yield (HRY; the percentage of grain that remains whole or at least 75% of the original length after milling) in all tested cultivars, however, the effect of splitting the same total N rate into two doses on HRY was cultivar specific. N rate applied pre‐PW also showed a positive and negative relationship with milled grain yellowness (b*) and brightness (L*), respectively. The effect of N on amylose content was cultivar specific. The changes in quality parameters through pre‐PW N application were associated with protein content. However, total protein content did not correlate as strongly with quality parameters in the split treatments compared with the single‐dose treatments. Analysis of protein composition revealed N rate and timing affected protein composition, which had significant impacts on quality parameters, and the effects were cultivar specific.ConclusionThese results indicate altering the nutritional management of rice changes the protein composition affecting grain quality parameters.Significance and noveltyThis study demonstrates the importance of N rate and timing of application in regard to grain quality and the significant role protein composition plays in quality characteristics.
Large‐Scale Synthesis of a Niche Olefin Metathesis Catalyst Bearing an Unsymmetrical N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligand and its Application in a Green Pharmaceutical Context
Authors: Nienałtowski Tomasz , Szczepanik Paweł , Małecki Paweł , Czajkowska‐Szczykowska Dorota , Czarnocki Stefan , Pawłowska Jolanta , Kajetanowicz Anna , Grela Karol 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA large‐scale synthesis of known Ru olefin metathesis catalyst VII featuring an unsymmetrical N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand with one 2,5‐diisopropylphenyl (DIPP) and one thiophenylmethylene N‐substituent is reported. The optimised procedure does not require column chromatography in any step and allows for preparation of up to 0.5 kg batches of the catalyst from simple precursors. The application profile of the obtained catalyst was studied in environmentally friendly dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Although VII exhibited low efficiency in cross‐metathesis (CM) with electron‐deficient partners, good to excellent results were noted for substrates featuring easy to isomerise C−C double bonds. This includes polyfunctional substrates of medicinal chemistry interest, such as analogues of psychoactive 5F‐PB‐22 and NM‐2201 and two PDE5 inhibitors—Sildenafil and Vardenafil. Finally, a larger scale ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) of a Vardenafil derivative was conducted in DMC, allowing for straightforward isolation of the expected product (23 g) in high yield and with low Ru contamination level (7.7 ppm).
Synergistic Effect of Simultaneous Doping of Ceria Nanorods with Cu and Cr on CO Oxidation and NO Reduction
Authors: Rood Shawn C. , Pastor‐Algaba Oriol , Tosca‐Princep Albert , Pinho Bruno , Isaacs Mark , Torrente‐Murciano Laura , Eslava Salvador 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCeria particles play a key role in catalytic applications such as automotive three‐way catalytic systems in which toxic CO and NO are oxidized and reduced to safe CO2 and N2, respectively. In this work, we explore the incorporation of Cu and Cr metals as dopants in the crystal structure of ceria nanorods prepared by a single‐step hydrothermal synthesis. XRD, Raman and XPS confirm the incorporation of Cu and Cr in the ceria crystal lattices, offering ceria nanorods with a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies. XPS also confirms the presence of Cr and Cu surface species. H2‐TPR and XPS analysis show that the simultaneous Cu and Cr co‐doping results in a catalyst with a higher surface Cu concentration and a much‐enhanced surface reducibility, in comparison with either undoped or singly doped (Cu or Cr) ceria nanorods. While single Cu doping enhances catalytic CO oxidation and Cr doping improves catalytic NO reduction, co‐doping with both Cu and Cr enhances the benefits of both dopants in a synergistic manner employing roughly a quarter of dopant weight.
Doubling Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Efficiency in Proteins with Extrinsic Thioamide Probes: Implications for Thiomodified Nucleobases
Authors: Jena Subhrakant , Tulsiyan Kiran Devi , Kar Rajiv K. , Kisan Hemanta K. , Biswal Himansu S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDesigning a potential protein–ligand pair is pivotal, not only to track the protein structure dynamics, but also to assist in an atomistic understanding of drug delivery. Herein, the potential of a small model thioamide probe being used to study albumin proteins is reported. By monitoring the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) dynamics with the help of fluorescence spectroscopic techniques, a twofold enhancement in the FRET efficiency of 2‐thiopyridone (2TPY), relative to that of its amide analogue, is observed. Molecular dynamics simulations depict the relative position of the free energy minimum to be quite stable in the case of 2TPY through noncovalent interactions with sulfur, which help to enhance the FRET efficiency. Finally, its application is shown by pairing thiouracils with protein. It is found that the site‐selective sulfur atom substitution approach and noncovalent interactions with sulfur can substantially enhance the FRET efficiency, which could be a potential avenue to explore in the design of FRET probes to study the structure and dynamics of biomolecules.
Gold‐Catalyzed Annulation of 1,8‐Dialkynylnaphthalenes: Synthesis and Photoelectric Properties of Indenophenalene‐Based Derivatives
Authors: Fard Sara Tavakkoli , Sekine Kohei , Farshadfar Kaveh , Rominger Frank , Rudolph Matthias , Ariafard Alireza , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA simple gold‐catalyzed annulation of 1,8‐dialkynylnaphthalenes utilizing a cationic gold catalyst was developed. Such a peri‐position of two alkynyl substituents has not been studied in gold catalysis before. Dependent on the substrate, the reactions either follow a mechanism involving vinyl cation intermediates or involve a dual gold catalysis mechanism which in an initial 6‐endo‐dig‐cyclization generates gold(I) vinylidene intermediates that are able to insert into C−H bonds. Indenophenalene derivatives were obtained in moderate to high yields. In addition, the bidirectional gold‐catalyzed annulation of tetraynes provided even larger conjugated π‐systems. The optoelectronic properties of the products were also investigated.
Batch and Continuous Design of a Full‐Scale Treatment Facility for Removing Dissolved Natural Organic Matter
Authors: Sari Bulent , Oztas Ali Erdem , Keskinkan Olcayto , Ersu Cagatayhan Bekir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBatch and continuous flow adsorption experiments are carried out and the design of a full‐scale facility for removing dissolved natural organic matter (DNOM) from Catalan Lakewater is demonstrated. The adsorption efficiency is proportional to the temperature and the amount of adsorbent unlike pH increase. The highest DNOM removal rate is obtained at 35 °C, pH 4, and an adsorbent amount of 0.8 g L−1. Optimum contact time for batch studies is 60 min at equilibrium. Correlation constants (r) of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms are 0.8905 and 0.9739, respectively. Based on the Freundlich isotherm, the highest adsorption capacity (qmax) obtained is 2.44 and 6.01 mg DNOM/g granulated activated carbon (GAC) for raw and enriched water, respectively. Consequently, the effects of adsorbent amount, bed depth, empty bed contact time, and organic loading on removal performance are investigated in the rapid small‐scale column test (RSSCT) columns. The
targeted effluent concentration of 1 mg DNOM/L can easily be achieved in the columns. At the
design capacity of the facility, 15 adsorption columns with dimensions of 7 m
height, 4.33 m diameter, and 22 days of operation cycle are required to remove
DNOM from raw water.
Actin filament‐ and Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome protein‐binding sites on fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase are functionally distinct from the active site
Authors: Hui Maggie H. , Rhine Kevin , Tolan Dean R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe glycolytic enzyme fructose 1,6‐(bis)phosphate aldolase (aldolase) is not only required for efficient utilization of glucose and fructose, but also for cytoskeletal functions like cytokinesis and cell motility. These differing roles are mediated by distinct and discrete binding interactions with aldolase's many binding partners, including actin filaments, Wiskott‐Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP), and Sorting Nexin 9 (SNX9). How these interactions are coordinated on the aldolase homotetramer of 160 kDa is unclear. In this study, the catalytic activity of wild‐type aldolase is measured in the presence of actin filaments, and a WASP‐derived peptide that binds to aldolase, or both. No appreciable changes in kcat or Km values are seen. Then, aldolase variants with substitutions targeting the tryptophan‐binding pocket for WASP and SNX9 are created and perturbation of actin filament‐, WASP peptide‐, and SNX9 peptide‐binding are assessed. Those that negatively impacted binding did not show an impact on aldolase catalysis. These results suggest that aldolase can engage in catalysis while simultaneously interacting with cytoskeletal machinery.