bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal offerings among the Minaeans: The case of ancient Yathil
Authors: Agostini Alessio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe hypostyle hall of the Minaean temple Qabḍum in Barāqish (ancient Yathil), dedicated to ʿAthtar dhu‐Qabḍ, is characterised by the presence of four long offertory tables that were discovered in situ in an overall good condition. This article presents an analysis of these objects together with their epigraphic material with the aim of better understanding the rituals that may have been connected to them. The topic is also analysed within the complex history of the sacral area of Yathil, as organised and used by the Minaeans, while also taking into account the later and brief intrusion of the Amīr tribe in the pre‐Islamic site. A comparison with the similar hypostyle hall that was uncovered in the nearby temple of Nakraḥ is also offered, as regards the position and organization of the cultic furniture. The presence of differently arranged cenacles in the South Arabian sacral architecture, which may have been associated with a variety of ceremonies, is also briefly discussed. The use of offertory tables according to a liturgic calendar is finally addressed with the study of a new inscription from the same temple of ʿAthtar dhu‐Qabḍ (Y.05.B.B.14).
DNA Zip‐coding: identifying the source populations supplying the international trade of a critically endangered coastal shark
Authors: Fields A. T. , Fischer G. A. , Shea S. K. H. , Zhang H. , Feldheim K. A. , Chapman D. D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere is an urgent need for population‐specific trade information for overexploited sharks, as international trade regulations are becoming an important tool for their conservation [i.e., listings on the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)]. We tested a genetic stock identification (GSI) workflow to quantify the relative contributions of different source populations of the CITES‐listed scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini to international trade hubs for products such as dried fins. We grouped published mitochondrial control region sequences from wild‐captured sharks sampled in 15 locations into 9 differentiated populations that provide broad coverage of the species global distribution. GSI simulations established that these populations are highly identifiable and we trialed this approach to assess the provenance of processed fin trimmings collected randomly from the retail market of Hong Kong, one of the world’s largest shark fin trade hubs in 2014–2015 (N = 72). In this pilot survey, we found over 75% of scalloped hammerhead fin trimmings came from two Pacific Ocean populations, but mostly from the Eastern Pacific (61.4%, of all trimmings; se 7.1%) where this species is listed as ‘Endangered’ under the United States Endangered Species Act. Six of the nine populations were found in this sample of the market, indicating near global sourcing of scalloped hammerhead fins in Hong Kong. We suggest technical and sampling considerations for employing GSI at fin trade hubs in the future to investigate regional sourcing of scalloped hammerheads and other coastal sharks in international trade. Random GSI in trade hubs could revolutionize our understanding of global shark trade dynamics and provide critical information required to effectively implement shark fisheries management and trade restrictions.
Second‐language learning difficulties in Italian children with reading difficulties
Authors: Fazio Denise , Ferrari Livia , Testa Silvia , Tamburrelli Federica , Marra Emma , Biancardi Marta , Palladino Paola , Marzocchi Gian Marco 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundChildren with dyslexia often show second‐language reading and writing difficulties, but the cognitive mechanisms connected to this impairment need to be clarified.AimsThe present study examined the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying learning English as a foreign language in 4th‐ to the 8th‐grade Italian students showing reading difficulties (RD) or typical development (TD). For this purpose, screening involving 901 students was carried out to select children with RD.SampleNinety students with RD were compared with 90 typically developing (TD) children matched for non‐verbal IQ, grade, and gender.MethodsThe two groups were compared on different measures to understand the relationships between reading skills in their mother tongue and in English as a second‐language (L2). Subsequently, their phonological and memory skills were investigated to understand the potential role of these variables in learning L2 English.ResultsStudents with RD obtained worse results than TD students for phonological awareness and working memory, which are both crucial to L2 learning.ConclusionsThe results suggest that memory mainly influences accuracy in English writing and, together with phonological skills, plays an important role in reading accuracy. Socio‐economic status also plays an important role in L2 learning.
Pharmacological targeting of natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Miyazato Kiho , Hayakawa Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that rapidly respond to cancer cells without prior sensitization or restriction to the cognate antigen in comparison with tumor antigen‐specific T cells. Recent advances in understanding NK‐cell biology have elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation and maturation of NK cells, in addition to the control of their effector functions by investigating the receptors and ligands involved in the recognition of cancer cells by NK cells. Such clarification of NK‐cell recognition of cancer cells also revealed the mechanism by which cancer cells potentially evade NK–cell‐dependent immune surveillance. Furthermore, the recent clinical results of T–cell‐targeted cancer immunotherapy have increased the expectations for new immunotherapies by targeting NK cells. However, the potential use of NK cells in cancer immunotherapy is not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the current evidence and future potential of pharmacological targeting of NK cells in cancer immunotherapy.
Oncolytic adenovirus ORCA-010 increases the type 1 T cell stimulatory capacity of melanoma-conditioned dendritic cells
Authors: López González M , van de Ven R , de Haan H , Eck van der Sluijs J , Dong W , van Beusechem V W , de Gruijl T D 
Published: April 2020

SummaryImmune checkpoint blockade has resulted in durable responses in patients with metastatic melanoma, but only in a fraction of treated patients. For immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) to be effective, sufficient infiltration with tumor-reactive T cells is essential. Oncolytic viruses (OV) selectively replicate in and lyse tumor cells and so induce an immunogenic form of cell death, providing at once a source of tumor-associated (neo)antigens and of danger signals that together induce effective T cell immunity and tumor infiltration. Melanoma-associated suppression of dendritic cell (DC) differentiation effectively hampers OV- or immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced anti-tumor immunity, due to a consequent inability to prime and attract anti-tumor effector T cells. Here, we set out to study the effect of ORCA-010, a clinical stage oncolytic adenovirus, on DC differentiation and functionality in the context of human melanoma. In melanoma and monocyte co-cultures, employing a panel of five melanoma cell lines with varying origins and oncogenic mutation status, we observed clear suppression of DC development with apparent skewing of monocyte differentiation to a more M2-macrophage-like state. We established the ability of ORCA-010 to productively infect and lyse the melanoma cells. Moreover, although ORCA-010 was unable to restore DC differentiation, it induced activation and an increased co-stimulatory capacity of monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells. Their subsequent ability to prime effector T cells with a type I cytokine profile was significantly increased in an allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction. Our findings suggest that ORCA-010 is a valuable immunotherapeutic agent for melanoma.
Treatment of a case presenting as critical adenoviral ARDS using Cidofovir with early combinatorial prone ventilation and ECMO
Authors: Liu Chao , Ning Wei‐wei , Chen Yan‐bin , Zhu Ye‐han , Xia Yu , Huang Jian‐an , Chen Cheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHere, we report a case of adenoviral pneumonia associated with critical ARDS treated with Cidofovir, prone ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The patient responded well to therapy and recovered without further complications. Cidofovir, with early prone ventilation and ECMO support, may be a therapeutic option for patients with critical ARDS related to adenoviral pneumonia.
Graft survival of fourth‐time renal transplant recipients is similar to third‐time recipients: A SRTR database analysis
Authors: Petrun Branden M. , Christie Robert , Nygaard Rachel M. , Israni Ajay , Hill Mark J. , Richardson Chad J. , Stahler Paul A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCandidates for repeat kidney transplant (KT) have increased. While graft and patient survival are inferior to primary KT, second and third KTs improve patient survival over dialysis. Little is known about the outcomes after fourth KTs.MethodsWe retrospectively compared characteristics of third and fourth KTs in the SRTR. Factors associated with graft survival in third vs fourth KT and patient survival of fourth KT vs patients waitlisted for a 4th KT were assessed by Cox regression and multivariable linear regression analysis.ResultsThere were 3055 third‐ and fourth‐time KTs performed in the United States. Fourth‐time graft survival was not significantly different from third‐time transplants (HR 1.06, P = .653). Patients who received a fourth KT have a significant survival advantage compared with patients who remained on the waitlist for a fourth KT (HR = 0.53, P = .006).ConclusionsGraft and patient survival of fourth KTs are comparable to third KTs, but inferior to first and second KTs in terms of graft and patient survival. Recipients of fourth KT have had an increased life expectancy compared with patients waitlisted for a fourth KT.
Improving our departmental reporting of thyroid cytology specimens against national guidelines: A two‐cycle retrospective audit
Authors: Halliday Edwin , Harrison Eleanor , Sansom Hugh , Ahsan Syed Farhan , Harrison Katherine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn the UK, guidelines from the Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) facilitate consistent and reproducible reporting and classification of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) thyroid specimens. The aim was to audit our department against RCPath guidelines to refine and improve our reporting process.MethodsTwo‐cycle retrospective observational audit of all patients undergoing thyroid FNAC over a 2‐year period (1 year for each cycle). Final histology was correlated. The positive predictive value (PPV) for malignant neoplastic lesions was calculated; for Thy1, Thy1c, Thy2 and Thy2c all cases without final histology were assumed to be benign, while for Thy3a, Thy3f, Thy4 and Thy5 samples the PPV calculation was based only on those cytology samples with corresponding histology. False positive and false negative cases were reviewed.ResultsIn total, 288 cytology samples were included in the first cycle; 96 (33.3%) had corresponding histology. There were 287 samples included in the second cycle; 119 (41.5%) had follow‐up histology. The rate of non‐diagnostic samples (Thy1/1c) decreased from 39.6% to 30.0%. The PPV for malignant neoplastic lesions was Thy1/1c 2.6%, Thy2/2c 0.0%, Thy3a 40.0%, Thy3f 19.4%, Thy4 75.0%, Thy5 100.0% (first cycle); Thy1/1c 4.7%, Thy2/2c 0.7%, Thy3a 13.3%, Thy3f, 7.7%, Thy4, 50.0%, Thy5 100.0% (second cycle).ConclusionsOur department was able to reduce the rate of non‐diagnostic FNAC samples and improve the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC. Auditing local outcomes helps refine and improve the reporting process. Review of false positive and false negative cases helps examine potential pitfalls of cytology.
The validity and reliability of the Stoma Self‐Efficacy Scale: A methodological study
Authors: Karaçay Pelin , Toğluk Yigitoglu Eylem , Karadağ Ayişe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess the validity and reliability of the stoma self‐efficacy scale for Turkish‐speaking individuals with stoma.BackgroundSelf‐efficacy in stoma care is one of the most important variables requiring compliance for an increase in the quality of life and well‐being of individuals with stoma.DesignA methodological study.MethodsThis study used translation and back translation for the scale's language equivalence and expert opinion for the content validity. An expert panel and 10 individuals with stoma evaluated the scale for face validity. The scale's reliability was assessed by internal consistency, Pearson correlation, and test–retest reliability in a sample of 174 individuals with stomas. The scale's construct validity was tested with confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis.ResultsThe content validity index was .96, and Cronbach's alpha was .95. In the test–retest analysis, the intraclass correlation coefficients were high. In the factor analysis, two factors emerged from the scale, and after the confirmatory factor analysis and scale modification, the fit indices of the model were found to provide a good level of validity.ConclusionThe Turkish version of the stoma self‐efficacy scale is a valid and reliable tool to determine the levels of self‐efficacy in individuals with stoma.
Abuse in the caregiving relationship between older people with memory disorders and family caregivers: A systematic review
Authors: Välimäki Tarja , Mäki‐Petäjä‐Leinonen Anna , Vaismoradi Mojtaba 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo synthesize what is known about elder abuse and relationship factors associated with abuse between caregivers and older people with memory disorders at home.BackgroundConcerns about abuse in the caring relationship between older people with memory disorders and family caregivers have increased. Abuse is associated with negative outcomes on older people's health, quality of life, and zest for life. Abuse in the caring relationship manifests in financial exploitation, neglect, mistreatment, and physical issues.DesignSystematic review.Data SourcesDatabases including Scopus, PubMed/Medline, SveMed+, Cinalh, SonINDEX, and ProQuest were searched using keywords about abuse in the caring relationship between older people with memory disorders and family caregivers at home. Articles published between 2005–2019 were retrieved and underwent data analysis and knowledge synthesis.Review MethodsThe review was presented under the categories of the dyadic approach of elder abuse in connection with the role of caregiver (risk) and care recipient (vulnerability) by Fulmer et al. (2005).ResultsThe search process led to 12 quantitative studies, including an intervention, a prospective, nine surveys, and a cross‐sectional structural interview. Findings were synthesized and presented under ‘personal’, ‘physical and psychological’, and ‘social’ domains indicating the bilateral roles of caregiver and care recipient leading to abuse.ConclusionThis review depicted factors influencing abuse in the caring relationship between older people with memory disorders and their family caregivers at home. They included family caregivers’ psychological issues, knowledge of memory disorders and modifications, previous caring relationship, social support, number of care recipients, and care recipients’ functional level.Impact

This review identifies what influences elder abuse by family caregivers using the dyadic approach and explains how abuse can be prevented through suggested strategies.

The review findings are relevant to multidisciplinary healthcare providers and can guide the provision of support, screening and assessment, educational programs, and legislative initiatives.
Predictors of students' participation in internet or computer tutoring for additional instruction and its effect on academic achievement
Authors: Zhu Jinxin , Mok Magdalena M. C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn recent years, it has become common to use the internet or computer tutoring with a programme or application for additional instruction (ICTPAAI), in addition to the mandatory school schedule. This study aimed to understand students' participation in ICTPAAI and its relation to academic achievement. Multilevel structural equation modelling was conducted on a sample comprising 6,425 Chinese students (Mage15.72 years; 48.9% girls) who had various forms of additional instruction during the 2014/2015 school year. Results showed that the use of information and communication technology (ICT) to complete schoolwork, whether in school or outside of school, was positively associated with students' participation in ICTPAAI; however, students' ICT interest, ICT self‐efficacy and ICT autonomy were not. Students' participation in ICTPAAI was negatively associated with their academic achievement at the end of the school year; much variance was explained at the school level. These findings suggest that students should be cautious about participating in this form of additional instruction and that schools play an important role in students' participation in ICTPAAI.
Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar: Morphological and Behavioral Differences Induced by Fibronectin through GTPases Activation and Actin‐Binding Proteins
Authors: Talamás‐Lara Daniel , Rosales‐Encina José Luis , Chávez‐Munguía Bibiana , Acosta‐Virgen Karla , Hernández‐Ramírez Verónica Ivonne , Salazar‐Villatoro Lizbeth , Espinosa‐Cantellano Martha , Martínez‐Palomo Adolfo , Talamás‐Rohana Patricia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEarly steps of tissue invasion by Entamoeba histolytica are mediated by adhesion and migration through matrix components such as fibronectin with the participation of the actin cytoskeleton. Striking differences in their produced structures, movement, and migration were found. These observations suggest differential changes in their ability to organize the actin cytoskeleton and, therefore, to modify its morphology after adhesion to fibronectin. To understand these observations, we explore deeper the cytoskeleton pathway of E. histolytica compared to Entamoeba dispar, analyzing the activation and involvement of actin cytoskeleton regulatory proteins such as small GTPases (Rho, Rac1 and Cdc42), myosin IB, paxillin, alpha‐actinin, and ARP2/3 during interaction with fibronectin. Results showed a higher activation of Rac1 in E. histolytica compared to E. dispar, while Cdc42 and RhoA were equally activated in both amebae; besides, variations in the amount of myosin IB, paxillin, and ARP2/3 were detected among these species, coinciding and reflected in formation of lamellipodia in E. histolytica and filopodia in E. dispar. These could partially explain the higher invasive capacity of E. histolytica compared to E. dispar, due to its pleomorphic ability, high motility, migration, activation, and abundance of proteins involved in the cytoskeleton arrangement.
Scalp marking tool (SMarT): A simple, novel method to mark the scalp for follow‐up examination
Authors: Acharya Prakash , Mathur Mahesh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study describes a novel and noninvasive method to mark the scalp for a follow‐up examination. This method can be utilized for trichoscopic examination or assess treatment response at a particular scalp site during follow‐up examinations. It can be easily implemented within a dermatology clinic with minimal use of resources.
Bioactive indanes: insight into the bioactivity of indane dimers related to the lead anti-inflammatory molecule PH46A
Authors: Chan Kit , Frankish Neil , Zhang Tao , Ece Abdulilah , Cannon Aoife , O'Sullivan Jacintha , Sheridan Helen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
PH46A (1) demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity in phenotypic models but its mechanism and site of action have been elusive. Current study focused on the bioactivity of PH46 (2) and related novel indane dimers (6-10) to investigate the impact of changes in substitution and stereochemistry at the C-1 and C-2 positions of the PH46 (2) scaffold.

Methods
Cytotoxicity profiles of compounds were established using THP-1 macrophages and SW480 cells. Effects of the compounds were then evaluated at 10 µm using 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) and 15-LOX enzymes, and 5-LOX binding was evaluated in silico against NDGA, nitric oxide (NO) released from LPS-induced SW480 cells and cytokines in THP-1 macrophages (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ) and in SW480 cells (IL-8).

Key findings
PH46 (2) and 7 cause reduction in NO, inhibition of 5-LOX with high binding energy and no cytotoxicity effects in THP-1 macrophages and SW480 cell lines (up to 50 µm). The cytokine profiling of the series demonstrated inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α in THP-1 macrophages together with IL-8 in SW480 cells.

Conclusions
The observed profile of cytokine modulation (IL-6/ TNF-α, IL-8) and inhibition of release of NO and 5-LOX may contribute to the in vivo effects demonstrated by indane dimers and PH46A (1) in murine models of colitis.
Context effect and confirmation bias in criminal fact finding
Authors: Rassin Eric 
Published: April 2020

PurposeFact finding is an important part of the job of criminal trial judges and juries. In the literature, several potential pitfalls hindering fact finding have been identified, such as context effects (i.e. an unintended effect of non‐probative information on conviction) and confirmation bias (i.e. a skewed selection of and overreliance on guilt‐confirming evidence and neglect of exonerating information). In the present study, the effect of irrelevant contextual information on conviction and subsequent confirmation bias was tested.MethodA sample of Dutch professional criminal trial judges (N = 105) studied a case file and decided on their conviction of the suspect’s guilt, and subsequent investigation endeavours. There were two versions of the file, differing in non‐probative details that might affect conviction, such as crime severity and facial appearance of the suspect.ResultsFindings suggest that context information indeed affected conviction, and the subsequent preference for guilt‐confirming investigation endeavours.ConclusionProfessional judges may be susceptible to bias threatening the objectivity of legal decision‐making.