bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved air mass factor calculation for nitrogen dioxide measurements from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2)
Authors: Liu Song , Valks Pieter , Pinardi Gaia , Xu Jian , Argyrouli Athina , Lutz Ronny , Tilstra L. Gijsbert , Huijnen Vincent , Hendrick François , Van Roozendael Michel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. An improved tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) retrieval algorithm from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instrument based on air mass factor (AMF) calculations performed with more realistic model parameters is presented. The viewing angle dependency of surface albedo is taken into account by improving the GOME-2 Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity (LER) climatology with a directionally dependent LER (DLER) dataset over land and an ocean surface albedo parameterisation over water. A priori NO2 profiles with higher spatial and temporal resolutions are obtained from the IFS (CB05BASCOE) chemistry transport model based on recent emission inventories. A more realistic cloud treatment is provided by a clouds-as-layers (CAL) approach, which treats the clouds as uniform layers of water droplets, instead of the current clouds-as-reflecting-boundaries (CRB) model, which assumes that the clouds are Lambertian reflectors. On average, improvements in the AMF calculation affect the tropospheric NO2 columns by ±15 % in winter and ±5 % in summer over largely polluted regions. In addition, the impact of aerosols on our tropospheric NO2 retrieval is investigated by comparing the concurrent retrievals based on ground-based aerosol measurements (explicit aerosol correction) and the aerosol-induced cloud parameters (implicit aerosol correction). Compared with the implicit aerosol correction utilising the CRB cloud parameters, the use of the CAL approach reduces the AMF errors by more than 10 %. Finally, to evaluate the improved GOME-2 tropospheric NO2 columns, a validation is performed using ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAXDOAS) measurements at different BIRA-IASB stations. At the suburban Xianghe station, the improved tropospheric NO2 dataset shows better agreement with coincident ground-based measurements with a correlation coefficient of 0.94.
Glaciers and climate of the Upper Susitna basin, Alaska
Authors: Bliss Andrew , Hock Regine , Wolken Gabriel , Whorton Erin , Aubry-Wake Caroline , Braun Juliana , Gusmeroli Alessio , Harrison Will , Hoffman Andrew , Liljedahl Anna , Zhang Jing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Extensive field observations were conducted in the Upper Susitna basin, a 13 289 km2 glacierized catchment in central Alaska in 2012–2014. This paper describes the comprehensive data set of meteorological, glacier mass balance, snow cover, and soil measurements, as well as the data collection and processing. Results are compared to similar observations from the 1980s. Environmental lapse rates measured with weather stations between about 1000 and 2000 m a.s.l. were significantly lower over the glaciers than the non-glacierized areas. Glacier-wide mass balances shifted from close to balanced in 1981–1983 to less than −1.5 m w.e. yr−1 in 2012–2014. Winter snow accumulation measured with ablation stakes on the glaciers closely matched observations from helicopter-borne radar. Soil temperature measurements across the basin showed that there was no permafrost in the upper 1 m of the soil column. The data produced by this study are available at: https://doi.org/10.14509/30138 (Bliss et al., 2019) and will be useful for hydrological and glaciological studies including modeling efforts.
The Effect of Teachers’ Level of Visual Use on Students’ Visual Reading Skills: Comparison Between the Students of Expert and Novice Teachers
Authors: Aslan Hasan , Turan Ibrahim 
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of history teachers’ visual usage level on high school students’ visual reading skills. This qualitative research, consisting of two stages, was carried out using a holistic multi-case study design. In the first stage, 19 history teachers were observed in the classroom and their visual usage status in history lessons was determined (Aslan, 2015). Among these 19 teachers, a total of 4 teachers, 2 experts, and 2 novices, were determined according to their visual usage levels, and the second stage of the research was conducted with their students. The study group consisted of 92 high school students who agreed to participate in the study on a voluntary basis among the students of the teachers identified in 4 high schools.
The data required for the research was gathered via “Visual Reading Level Form” which developed by the researchers. Visual Reading Level Form aims to determine the visual reading skill levels of the participants in related sub-skills such as; estimating time and space, identifying persons, events and symbols, recognizing propaganda, understanding the message, and the historical importance of visual. According to research findings, in almost all sub-skills determined in this study, the students of the expert teachers were more successful than the students of the novice teachers. This shows that teachers’ higher levels of visual use precipitate an increase in their students’ visual reading skills.
De Omgevingswet: nieuw ruimtelijk recht(?)
Authors: Arnoldussen Tobias , Chevalier Danielle 
Published: February 2020

The Environment and Planning Act, new spatial law(?)
The Environment and Planning Act (EPA), which will enter into force in 2021, has been called the most influential legislative reform in the Netherlands since World War II. This article forms the introduction to a special issue devoted to the EPA, in which scholars from various disciplines reflect on the societal and legal ramifications of this new act. The authors introduce the different articles but also offer their perspective on the emergence of this new field of research. Socio-legal research into such a vast new regulatory field benefits from the application of multiple perspectives and different research methods. Conspicuously, the authors of the various articles differ on how to assess the new regulation of Dutch spatial planning. Some are pessimistic, others strike a more optimistic note. In this introduction two more perspectives on the law are offered. The perspective of prefigurative law (Davina Cooper) embodies the more optimistic view, whilst the perspective of outsourced law (Pauline Westerman) sides with the pessimists.
Inductance Formula for Rectangular Planar Spiral Inductors with Rectangular Conductor Cross Section
Authors: Aebischer H. A. 
Published: February 2020

In modern technology, inductors are often shaped in the form of planar spiral coils, as in radio frequency integrated circuits (RFIC’s), 13.56 MHz radio frequency identification (RFID), near field communication (NFC), telemetry, and wireless charging devices, where the coils must be designed to a specified inductance. In many cases, the direct current (DC) inductance is a good approximation. Some approximate formulae for the DC inductance of planar spiral coils with rectangular conductor cross section are known from the literature. They can simplify coil design considerably. But they are almost exclusively limited to square coils.
This paper derives a formula for rectangular planar spiral coils with an aspect ratio not exceeding a value between 2.5 and 4.0, depending on the number of turns, and having a cross-sectional aspect ratio of height to width not exceeding unity. It is valid for any dimension and inductance range.
The formula lowers the overall maximum error from hitherto 28 % down to 5.6 %. For specific application areas like RFIC’s and RFID antennas, it is possible to reduce the domain of definition, with the result that the formula lowers the maximum error from so far 18 % down to 2.6 %. This was tested systematically on close to 140000 coil designs of exactly known inductance. To reduce the number of dimensions of the parameter space, dimensionless parameters are introduced. The formula was also tested against measurements taken on 16 RFID antennas manufactured as PCB’s.
The derivation is based on the idea of treating the conductor segments of all turns as if they were parallel conductors of a single-turn coil. It allows the inductance to be calculated with the help of mean distances between two arbitrary points anywhere within the total cross section of the coil. This leads to compound mean distances that are composed of two types of elementary ones, firstly, between a single rectangle and itself, and secondly, between two displaced congruent rectangles. For these elementary mean distances, exact expressions are derived. Those for the arithmetic mean distance (AMD) and one for the arithmetic mean square distance (AMSD) seem to be new.
The paper lists the source code of a MATLAB® function to implement the formula on a computer, together with numerical examples. Further, the code for solving a coil design problem with constraints as it arises in practical engineering is presented, and an example problem is solved.
Nomograms predict survival outcome of Klatskin tumors patients
Authors: Qi Feng , Zhou Bin , Xia Jinglin 
Published: February 2020

Objective
Klatskin tumors are rare, malignant tumors of the biliary system with a poor prognosis for patient survival. The current understanding of these tumors is limited to a small number of case reports or case series; therefore, we examined prognostic factors of this disease.

Methods
A population cohort study was conducted in patients selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database with a Klatskin tumor that was histologically diagnosed between 2004 to 2014. Propensity-matching (PSM) analysis was performed to determine the overall survival (OS) among those with a Klatskin tumor (KCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA), or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The nomogram was based on 317 eligible Klatskin tumor patients and its predictive accuracy and discriminatory ability were determined using the concordance index (C-index).

Results
Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with Klatskin tumors had significantly worse overall survival rates (1-year OS = 26.2%, 2-year OS = 10.7%, 3-year OS = 3.4%) than those with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (1-year OS = 62.2%, 2-year OS = 36.4%, 3-year OS = 19.1%, p < 0.001) or hepatocellular carcinoma (1-year OS = 72.4% , 2-year OS = 48.5%, 3-year OS = 36.2%, p < 0.001). A poor prognosis was also significantly associated with older age, higher grade, SEER historic stage, and lymph node metastasis. Local destruction of the tumor (HR = 0.635, 95% CI [0.421–0.956], p = 0.03) and surgery (HR = 0.434, 95% [CI 0.328–0.574], p < 0.001) were independent protective factors. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that older age, SEER historic stage, and lymph node metastases (HR = 1.468, 95% CI [1.008–2.139], p = 0.046) were independent prognostic factors of poor survival rates in Klatskin tumor patients, while cancer-directed surgery was an independent protective factor (HR = 0.555, 95% CI [0.316–0.977], p = 0.041). The prognostic and protective factors were included in the nomogram (C-index for survival = 0.651; 95% CI [0.607–0.695]).

Conclusions
The Klatskin tumor group had poorer rates of OS and cancer-specific survival than the ICCA and HCC groups. Early detection and diagnosis were associated with a higher rate of OS in Klatskin tumor patients.
MORADIA PROVISÓRIA ENTRE BOLIVIANOS EM SÃO PAULO: ambiguidade e contingência
Authors: M. Serrano Pucci Fabio , P. B. Véras Maura 
Published: February 2020

<p>Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a questão da moradia entre imigrantes bolivianos em São Paulo, buscando investigar até que ponto existe uma correlação entre a “ilusão do provisório” – inerente à condição do imigrante (Sayad, 1998) – e as formas precárias de habitar na cidade. Tais formas podem ser definidas como moradias da pobreza e (ou) “nomadismo urbano” (Véras, 2003b; 2016a). A pesquisa, utilizando-se da combinação de método qualitativo, pelas entrevistas com bolivianos (nos bairros do Brás e Grajaú), e o quantitativo, por meio de levantamento dos dados de Censos Demográficos do IBGE, indica uma interdependência entre as formas precárias de habitar dos bolivianos e a ideia de provisoriedade que eles têm de sua permanência no país.</p><p> </p><p>TEMPORARY HOUSING AMONG BOLIVIANS IN SÃO PAULO: ambiguity and contingency</p><p>This article approaches the housing conditions of Bolivian immigrants in São Paulo, inquiring to what extent there is a correlation between the “illusion of the provisional” – which is inherent to the immigrant’s condition (Sayad, 1998) – and the precarious housing solutions of these immigrants in the city, which can be defined as home of poverty and (or) “urban nomadism” (Véras, 2003b; 2016a). Both qualitative methods (mainly composed by interviews conducted with Bolivians in the districts of Brás and Grajaú) and quantitative methods (mainly composed by the study of the Demographic Census of IBGE) were used. The research findings show interdependence between the precarious housing solutions of these immigrants and the idea that they will only stay provisionally in this country.</p><p>Keywords: Immigration. Bolivians. City. Housing. Provisional.</p><p> </p><p>LOGEMENT PROVISOIRE PARMIS LES BOLIVIENS À SÃO PAULO: ambiguité et contingence</p><p>Cet article vise à refléchir sur la question du logement parmi les immigrés boliviens à São Paulo, cherchant à déterminer dans quelle mesure il existe une corrélation entre “l’illusion du provisoire” inhérente à la condition de l’immigré (Sayad, 1998) et les formes précaires du logement dans la ville – des formes qui peuvent être définies comme des habitations de pauvreté et (ou) “ nomadisme urbain” (Véras, 2003b, 2016a). La recherche, en utilisant la combinaison de la méthode qualitative, des entretiens avec des Boliviens (dans les quartiers de Brás et Grajaú), et l’enquête quantitative des données du recensement démographique de l’IBGE, indique une interdépendance entre les formes précaires d’habiter des Boliviens et l’idée de leur présence provisoire ou temporaire dans le pays.</p><p>Mots Clés: Immigration. Boliviens. Ville. Logement. Provisoire.</p>
ENTRE O DIÁLOGO E A RESISTÊNCIA: o movimento social de bairro no Conjunto Palmeiras, em Fortaleza (CE)
Authors: George Lopes Paulino Antonio 
Published: February 2020

<p>O artigo revisita a história dos movimentos sociais de bairros de Fortaleza (CE), tendo como referente empírico o Conjunto Palmeiras, cuja formação territorial remete aos anos 1970. A análise resulta de aproximações etnográficas que adentram no cenário da mobilização por direitos fundamentais e pela urbanização do bairro, espaço social que resguarda uma memória de lutas e conquistas, possibilitando identificar agentes envolvidos na projeção desses movimentos nas décadas de 1980 e 1990. Essa experiência de organização coletiva segue na formação de espaços de autonomia, com momentos de interlocução e resistência frente ao Estado, trazendo contribuições para o debate acerca de temas como movimentos sociais, soberania e representação popular.</p><p> </p><p>BETWEEN DIALOGUE AND RESISTANCE: the neighborhood social movement in the Palmeiras Set, in Fortaleza (CE)</p><p>The article revisits the history of social movements in neighborhoods in Fortaleza (CE), with the empirical reference to Conjunto Palmeiras, whose territorial formation goes back to the 1970s. The analysis results from ethnographic approaches that enter the scenario of mobilization for fundamental rights and the urbanization of the neighborhood, a social space that protects a memory of struggles and conquests, making it possible to identify agents involved in the projection of these movements in the 1980s and 1990s. This experience of collective organization continues in the formation of spaces of autonomy, with moments of dialogue and resistance towards the State, bringing contributions to the debate on topics such as social movements, sovereignty and popular representation.</p><p>Keywords: Policy. Social movements. Representation. Sovereignty. City.</p><p> </p><p>ENTRE DIALOGUE ET RÉSISTANCE: le mouvement social de voisinage dans le Palmeiras Set, à Fortaleza (CE)</p><p>L’article revisite l’histoire des mouvements sociaux de quartiers de Fortaleza (CE), ayant comme référent empirique le Conjunto Palmeiras, dont la formation territoriale se réfère aux années 1970. L’analyse résulte d’approches ethnographiques qui entrent en scène de mobilisation pour les droits fondamentaux et d’urbanisation du quartier, un espace social qui protège une mémoire des luttes et des conquêtes, permettant d’identifier les acteurs impliqués dans la projection de ces mouvements dans les années 1980 et 1990. Cette expérience d’organisation collective se poursuit dans la formation d’espaces d’autonomie, avec des moments d’interlocution et de résistance à l’égard de l’État, apportant des contributions au débat sur des thèmes tels que les mouvements sociaux, la souveraineté et la représentation populaire.</p><p>Mots-clés: Politique. Mouvements sociaux. Représentation. Souveraineté. Ville.</p>
A Collagen Based Cryogel Bioscaffold that Generates Oxygen for Islet Transplantation
Authors: Razavi Mehdi , Primavera Rosita , Kevadiya Bhavesh D. , Wang Jing , Buchwald Peter , Thakor Avnesh S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this article is to develop, characterize, and test a novel 3D bioscaffold matrix that can accommodate pancreatic islets and provide them with a continuous, controlled, and steady source of oxygen to prevent hypoxia‐induced damage following transplantation. Hence, a collagen‐based cryogel bioscaffold that incorporates calcium peroxide (CPO) into its matrix is made. The optimal concentration of CPO integrated into bioscaffolds is 0.25 wt% and this generates oxygen at 0.21 ± 0.02 × 10‐3 m day‐1 (day 1), 0.19 ± 0.01 × 10‐3 m day‐1 (day 6), 0.13 ± 0.03 × 10‐3 m d‐1 (day 14), and 0.14 ± 0.02 × 10‐3 m d‐1 (day 21). Accordingly, islets seeded into cryogel‐CPO bioscaffolds have a significantly higher viability and function compared to islets seeded into cryogel alone bioscaffolds; these findings are supported by data from quantitative computational modeling. When syngeneic islets are transplanted into the epididymal fat pad (EFP) of diabetic mice, the cryogel‐0.25 wt%CPO bioscaffold improves islet function with diabetic animals re‐establishing glycemic control. Mice transplanted with cryogel‐0.25 wt%CPO bioscaffolds show faster responses to intraperitoneal glucose injections and have a higher level of insulin content in their EFP compared to those transplanted with islets alone (P < 0.05). The novel oxygen‐generating bioscaffold (i.e., cryogel‐0.25 wt%CPO) therefore provides a biostable and biocompatible 3D microenvironment for islets which can facilitate islet survival and function at extra‐hepatic sites of transplantation.
Galvanically Replaced, Single‐Bodied Lithium‐Ion Battery Fabric Electrodes
Authors: Woo Sang‐Gil , Yoo Sijae , Lim Si‐Hyoun , Yu Ji‐Sang , Kim Kyungbae , Lee Jaegab , Lee Donggue , Kim Jae‐Hun , Lee Sang‐Young 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite extensive research on flexible/wearable power sources, their structural stability and electrochemical reliability upon mechanical deformation and charge/discharge cycling have not yet been completely achieved. A new class of galvanically replaced single‐bodied lithium‐ion battery (LIB) fabric electrodes is demonstrated. As a proof of concept, metallic tin (Sn) is chosen as an electrode active material. Mechanically compliable polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) fabrics are conformally coated with thin metallic nickel (Ni) layers via electroless plating to develop flexible current collectors. Driven by the electrochemical potential difference between Ni and Sn, the thin Ni layers are galvanically replaced with Sn, resulting in the fabrication of a single‐bodied Sn@Ni fabric electrode (Sn is monolithically embedded in the Ni matrix on the PET fabric). Benefiting from the chemical/structural uniqueness and rationally designed bicontinuous ion/electron transport pathways, the single‐bodied Sn@Ni fabric electrode provides exceptional redox reaction kinetics and omnidirectional deformability (notably, origami‐folding boats), which lie far beyond those attainable with conventional LIB electrode technologies.
Using SERS Tags to Image the Three‐Dimensional Structure of Complex Cell Models
Authors: Jimenez de Aberasturi Dorleta , Henriksen‐Lacey Malou , Litti Lucio , Langer Judith , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMethods to image complex 3D cell cultures are limited by issues such as fluorophore photobleaching and decomposition, poor excitation light penetration, and lack of complementary techniques to verify the 3D structure. Although it remains insufficiently demonstrated, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging is a promising tool for the characterization of biological complex systems. To this aim, a controllable 3D cell culture model which spans nearly 1 cm2 in surface footprint is designed. This structure is composed of fibroblasts containing SERS‐encoded nanoparticles (i.e., SERS tags), arranged in an alternating layered structure. This “sandwich” type structure allows monitoring of the SERS signals in the z‐axis and with mm dimensions in the xy‐axis. Taking advantage of correlative microscopy techniques such as electron microscopy, it is possible to corroborate nanoparticle positioning and distances in z‐depths of up to 150 µm. This study reveals a proof‐of‐concept method for detailed 3D SERS imaging of a complex, dense 3D cell culture model.
Superatomic Gallium Clusters in Dendrimers: Unique Rigidity and Reactivity Depending on their Atomicity
Authors: Kambe Tetsuya , Watanabe Aiko , Li Meijia , Tsukamoto Takamasa , Imaoka Takane , Yamamoto Kimihisa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSuperatoms have been investigated due to their possible substitution for other elements. The solution‐phase synthesis of superatoms has attracted attention to realize the availability of superatoms. However, the previous approach is basically limited to the formation of a single cluster. Here, superatoms are investigated and the number of valence electrons in these superatoms is changed by designing the number of gallium atoms present. Based on the dendrimer template method, clusters consisting of 3, 12, 13, and other numbers of atoms have been synthesized. The halogen‐like superatomic nature of Ga13 is structurally and electrochemically observed as completely different to the other clusters. The gallium clusters of 13 and 3 atoms, which can fill the 2P and 1P superatomic orbitals, respectively, exhibit different reactivities. The 3‐atom gallium cluster is suggested as being reduced to Ga3H2− due to the lower shift of energy levels in the unoccupied orbitals. The results for these gallium clusters provide candidates for superatoms.