bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenuated Self-serving Bias in People with Internet Gaming Disorder is Related to Altered Neural Activity in Subcortical-Cortical Midline Structures
Authors: Wang Yifan , Zheng Li , Wang Chenggong , Guo Xiuyan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: To protect and maintain the positivity of self-concept, normal people usually show a self-serving bias (internal attribution of positive events and external attribution of negative events) by the motives of self-enhancement and self-protection. Additionally, self-serving assessments predominantly activate the subcortical-cortical midline structures (CMS) in healthy individuals. However, little is known about self-serving bias and its underlying neural correlates among individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Methods: Twenty-four participants with IGD and 25 recreational Internet gaming users (RGUs) were scanned while attributing the causes of positive/negative self- and other-related events that could occur in both the game-world and real-world contexts. Region-of-interest (within CMS regions) and parametric analysis were performed to investigate the neural correlates of self-serving bias in IGD. Results: Behaviorally, the IGD participants attributed more negative and fewer positive events to themselves than RGU participants in both contexts. Neurally, during the attributions of negative events, the IGD participants exhibited increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation in both contexts compared with RGU participants. Higher vmPFC activation was associated with weaker self-protective motivation in the IGD group. Meanwhile, during the attributions of positive events, the IGD participants exhibited decreased precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex activation in the real world compared with RGU participants. Parametric analysis showed a reduced positive correlation between precuneus activation and self-attribution ratings of positive events in the real world in the IGD group relative to the RGU group. Conclusion: These results suggest that individuals with IGD show an attenuated self-serving bias and altered brain activity within CMS regions involved in self-attribution, providing evidence for the negative self-concept and weakened abilities in both self-enhancement and self-protection in IGD.
The Pathogenisis of COVID-19 Myocardial Injury: an Immunohistochemical Study of Postmortem Biopsies&nbsp;
Authors: Hartmann Camila , Miggiolaro Anna Flavia dos Santos , Junior Jarbas da Silva Motta , Carstens Lucas Baena , De Paula Caroline Busatta Vaz , Grobe Sarah Fagundes , Nunes Larissa Hermann de Souza , Marques Gustavo Lenci , Moura Lidia Zytynski , de Noronha Lucia , Baena Cristina Pellegrino 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rationale: Myocardial injury is significantly and independently associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. However, the pathogenesis of myocardial injury in COVID-19 is still not clear, and cardiac involvement by SARS-CoV-2 remains a major challenge worldwide. Objective: This histopathological and immunohistochemical study seeks to clarify the pathogenesis and propose a mechanism with pathways involved in COVID-19 myocardial injury. Methods and Results: Postmortem minimally invasive autopsies were performed in six patients who died from COVID-19, and the myocardium samples were compared to a control patient. Histopathological analysis was performed using hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue staining. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed using monoclonal antibodies against the following targets: caspase-1, ICAM-1, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, CD163, TGF-β, MMP-9, type 1 and type 3 collagen. The samples were also subjected to a TUNEL assay to detect potential apoptosis. The histopathological analysis showed severe pericellular interstitial edema surrounding each of the cardiomyocytes and higher mast cells count by high-power field in all COVID-19 myocardium samples. The IHC analysis showed increased expression of caspase-1, ICAM-1, IL-4, IL-6, CD163, MMP-9 and type 3 collagen in the COVID-19 patients compared to the control. No difference from the control was observed in expression of TNF-α, TGF-β and type 1 collagen. The TUNEL assay was positive in all the COVID-19 samples confirming the presence of endothelial apoptosis. Conclusions: The pathogenesis of COVID-19 myocardial injury seems to be related with pyroptosis leading to endothelial cell injury and disfunction. The subsequent inflammation with associated interstitial edema could explain the myocardial disfunction and arrythmias in these patients. Our findings also show that COVID-19 myocardial injury may cause myocardial fibrosis in the long term. These patients should be monitored for myocardial dysfunction and arrythmias after the acute phase of COVID-19.
Overhydration and low serum prealbumin predict peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Quy Quyen Dao Bui , Huy Tuan Pham Ngoc , Duc Loc Nguyen , Van My Pham , Huu Dung Nguyen , Duy Toan Nguyen , Viet Tien Tran , Do Quyet , Viet Thang Le 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: In this study, we focused on the role of overhydration (OH) and low serum prealbumin concentration in predicting 3-year peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.Methods: We measured serum prealbumin concentration and OH by body composition monitor on 278 CAPD patients (159 males and 119 females) with mean age of 46 years and the median peritoneal dialysis (PD) duration of 21 months. PD-related peritonitis was collected for 3 years. Results: After the 3-year follow-up, 44 patients diagnosed PD-related peritonitis (15.8%). Low education, serum albumin, prealbumin, high CRP-hs and OH were independent risk factors for predicting peritonitis during 36 months in CAPD patients. Based on the ROC curve model and Kaplan–Meier analysis, we realized that patients with low prealbumin and high OH were the independent predictors of 3-year peritonitis in CAPD patients (Prealbumin: AUC = 0.838, cut-off value = 32.5 mg/dL, Se= 90.9%, Sp = 32.9%; OH: AUC = 0.851, cut-off value = 1.33 L, Se = 79.5%, Sp = 85.5%; and Log-rank test p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Overhydration and low serum prealbumin level were the independent predictors of PD-related peritonitis in CAPD patients.
Special foods and local herbs used to enhance breastmilk production in Ghana: rate of use and beliefs of efficacy
Authors: Ali Zakari , Bukari Mohammed , Mwinisonaam Anita , Abdul-Rahaman Abdul-Latif , Abizari Abdul-Razak 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Inadequate breastmilk production is one of the key factors associated with suboptimal breastfeeding. In most local African homes, special herbs and some food items are commonly used to promote breastmilk production (known as lactogogue/galactogogue). We describe the use and characterize the herbs and food items used to promote breastmilk production in two regions of Ghana.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 2018 involving 402 lactating mothers. The range of foods used as lactogogues was obtained from 20 participants through focus group discussions. Quantitative data on demographics, lactogogue use and feeding practices were obtained through questionnaire administration. Results: The mean age of women was 29.2years and children were 10 months. Breastmilk production problems were low (22.4%) and majority of lactating mothers felt they had adequate breastmilk (70.4%) but awareness about lactogogues was widespread in both regions (88.8%) and highest in the Brong-Ahafo region (90.0%). Information about lactogogues was mainly from grandparents (24.6%), parents (31.6), health facilities (16.5%) and friends (12.8%), while the media had little influence (<1%). Majority of the mothers used lactogogues to enhance breatmilk production (67.7%), yet a quarter of them used lactogogues because of their tradition (25.2%). Prevalence of lactogogue use was 83.8%, lactogogues were prepared separate from household meals (59.4%) and consumed 1 to 3 times a day (89.6%). Users felt the effectiveness within 24hrs of use (98.5%). The most common lactogogues included; groundnut/peanut soup prepared with Bra leaves (Hibiscus sabdariffa), hot black tea, Werewere/Agushi (Citrulus colocynthis) prepared with Bra leaves, and Abemudro (a polyherbal formulation). Only 13.2% of lactating mothers also used lactogogues during pregnancy.Conclusion: Special foods and selected herbs are widely used to enhance breastmilk production in Ghana and constitute an important part of the diet of lactating mothers. These results could contribute to understanding breastfeeding behaviours and stimulate further research into evaluating the safety and scientific efficacy of these products in Ghana.
ReactionCode: Format for Reaction Searching, Analysis, Classification, Transform, and Encoding/Decoding
Authors: Delannée Victorien , Nicklaus Marc C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the past two decades a lot of different formats for molecules and reactions have been created. These formats were mostly developed for the purposes of identifiers, representation, classification, analysis and data exchange. A lot of efforts ha ve been made on molecule formats but only few for reactions where the endeavors have been made mostly by companies leading to proprietary formats. Here, we developed a new open-source format which allows to encode and decode a reaction into multi-layers machine readable code, which aggregates reactants and products into a condensed graph of reaction (CGR). This format is flexible and can be used in a context of reaction similarity searching and classification. It is also designed for database organization, machine learning applications and as a new transform reaction language.
Blocking of Efflux Transporters in Rats Improves Translational Validation of Brain Radioligands
Authors: Shalgunov Vladimir , Xiong Mengfei , L'Estrade Elina T , Raval Nakul R , Andersen Ida Vang , Edgar Fraser G , Speth Nikolaj Raahauge , Bærentzen Simone Larsen , Hansen Hanne Demant , Donovan Lene Lundgaard , Nasser Arafat , Peitersen Siv Thorlund , Kjær Andreas , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Syvänen Stina , Palner Mikael , Herth Matthias Manfred 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technique that can be used to investigate the in vivo pharmacology of drugs. Initial preclinical evaluation of PET tracers is often conducted in rodents due to the accessibility of disease models as well as economic considerations. Compared to larger species, rodents display a higher expression and/or activity of efflux transporters such as the P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Low brain uptake could, therefore, be species-specific and uptake in rodents not be predictive for that in humans. We hypothesized that a better prediction from rodent data could be achieved when a tracer is evaluated under P-gp inhibition. Consequently, we compared the performance of eight neuroreceptor tracers in rats with and without P-gp inhibition including a specific binding blockade. This data set was then used to predict the binding of these eight tracers in pigs.Methods PET tracers targeting serotonin 5-HT2A receptors ([18F]MH.MZ, [18F]Altanserin, [11C]Cimbi-36, [11C]Pimavanserin), serotonin 5-HT7 receptors ([11C]Cimbi-701, [11C]Cimbi-717 and [11C]BA-10) and dopamine D2/3 receptors ([18F]Fallypride) were used in the study. The brain uptake and target-specific binding of these PET radiotracers were evaluated in rats with and without inhibition of P-gp. Rat data were subsequently compared to the results obtained in pigs.Results Without P-gp inhibition, the amount of target-specific binding in the rat brain was sufficient to justify further translation for three out of eight evaluated tracers. With P-gp inhibition, results for five out of eight tracers justified further translation. The performance in pigs could correctly be predicted for six out of eight tracers when rat data obtained under P-gp inhibition were used, compared to four out of eight tracers without P-gp inhibition.Conclusions P-gp strongly affects the uptake of PET tracers in rodents, but false prediction outcomes can be reduced by evaluating a tracer under P-gp inhibition.
Transitioning To Digital First Line Intervention – Validation Of A Brief Online Screener For Early Identification Of A Suspected Eating Disorder: Study Protocol
Authors: Bryant Emma , Miskovic-Wheatley Jane , Touyz Stephen , Crosby Ross D , Koreshe Eyza , Cao Li , Maguire Sarah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Only one in four people with eating disorders seeks treatment, and of those who do seek treatment, 20% go on to experience a chronic course. Early intervention has been associated with better prognosis, with those seeking specialised intervention in the early stages of their illness more than twice as likely to achieve remission. Current screening measures typically require expert administration and are rarely validated across a spectrum of DSM-5 eating disorder presentations or for online use. In light of COVID-19 and increasing reliance on telehealth technologies in the intervention and delivery of mental health services, online assessments suitable for self-referral are likely to be the first step to seeking care. InsideOut Institute has developed a 6-item online screening tool for the purposes of identifying eating disorder risk and symptomatology, aimed specifically at increasing help-seeking behaviour in subsyndromal and early presentations. Methods: This study investigates the reliability and validity of the InsideOut Institute Screener (IOI-S), using a cross-sectional survey research design. Participants aged 14 and over will complete an extensive baseline survey battery for evaluation. 50% of participants will be randomly selected for one follow-up re-test of the IOI-S only, two weeks post initial testing. The IOI-S will be analysed for statistical reliability on two parameters: internal consistency and test re-test reliability, and for statistical validity on four parameters: concurrent validity, sensitivity and specificity, convergent and discriminant validity. Discussion: The rapid and ongoing shift to digital intervention has highlighted gaps and opportunities in our pathways to care. Adequate screening for eating disorders is a major gap. This study aims to validate an online screening tool for use in telehealth early intervention, designed for users seeking information for a suspected eating disorder. The screener meets those at risk ‘where they are’ (i.e. online) and may improve timely referrals to relevant services. This is of particular salience as face-to-face healthcare and traditional frontline interventions are disrupted, and we are challenged to re-design our practices to deliver diagnostic and treatment services in highly adaptive digital contexts.Trial registration: N/A
Weighted gene coexpression network analysis-based identification of key modules and hub genes associated with drought sensitivity in rice
Authors: Yu Baiyang , Liu Jianbin , Wu Di , Liu Ying , Cen Weijian , Wang Shaokui , Li Rongbai , Luo Jijing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Drought stress is an adverse factor with deleterious effects on several aspects of rice growth. However, the mechanism underlying drought resistance in rice remains unclear. To understand the molecular mechanism of the drought response in rice, drought-sensitive CSSL (Chromosome Single-substitution Segment Line) PY6 was used to map QTLs of sensitive phenotypes and to reveal the impact of the QTLs on transcriptional profiling.Results: The QTL dss-1 was mapped onto the short arm of chromosome 1 of rice. According to transcriptomic analysis, the identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibited a downregulated pattern and were mainly enriched in photosynthesis-related GO terms, indicating that photosynthesis was greatly inhibited under drought. Further, according to weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), specific gene modules (designating a group of genes with a similar expression pattern) were strongly correlated with H2O2 (4 modules) and MDA (3 modules), respectively. Likewise, GO analysis revealed that the photosynthesis-related GO terms were consistently overrepresented in H2O2-correlated modules. Functional annotation of the differentially expressed hub genes (DEHGs) in the H2O2 and MDA-correlated modules revealed cross-talk between abiotic and biotic stress responses for these genes, which were annotated as encoding WRKYs and PR family proteins, were notably differentially expressed between PY6 and PR403.Conclusions: We speculated that drought-induced photosynthetic inhibition leads to H2O2 and MDA accumulation, which can then trigger the reprogramming of the rice transcriptome, including the hub genes involved in ROS scavenging, to prevent oxidative stress damage. Our results shed light on and provide deep insight into the drought resistance mechanism in rice.
Seven-day Fasting as a multimodal complex interventionfor Adults with Type 1 Diabetes –&nbsp;Feasibility, Benefit and Safety in a Controlled Pilot StudyFeasibility of Fasting for Adults with Type 1 Diabetes&nbsp;
Authors: Berger Bettina , Jenetzky Ekkehart , Köblös Diana , Stange Rainer , Baumann Andrea , Simstich Johannes , Michalsen Andreas , Schmelzer Kurt , Martin David D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aims/Hypothesis: Intermittent as well as prolonged fasting are receiving considerable attention and appear favorable in conditions like the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, rheumatic diseases and others. Fasting for people with type 1 diabetes is generally considered too risky. However, the ability and possibility to change from carbohydrate to ketone-based fuel supply might also be relevant for people with type 1 diabetes. The aim of this patient-led research was to investigate the feasibility, benefit and safety of a seven-day multimodal fasting intervention in people with type 1 diabetes. Methods: A non-randomized controlled pilot study, with 20 participants with and 10 without type 1 diabetes. Data acquisition took place prior, post and four months after the intervention and daily during intervention. Results: 29 of 30 participants finished the intervention. Mean ß-hydroxybutyrate as representative ketone body increased to 2.8 ± 1.9 mmol/L on day 7 while average glucose remained between 4.9 ± 1.5 to 7.5 ± 2.3 mmol/L [89 ± 27 and 136 ± 40 mg/dL]. Fasting-related side effects were all temporary, and slightly more prevalent in those with type 1 diabetes. Mean daily insulin dose was adjusted from 24.4 (3-50) IU on the day before fasting to 7.6 (0-26.7) IU on day 7. Quality of life (WHO-5) normalized from 54.0 ± 4.4 to 68.8 ± 15.0 (p = 0.01) after fasting. There was a decrease from before until the follow-up four month later of weight from 77.6 ± 20.4 kg to 76.6 ± 20.9 kg (p = 0.023) and for the BMI from (27.68 ± 7.04) to (26.74 ± 7.15) kg/m2 (p = 0.008). Diastolic blood pressure increased from 69.75 ± 11.41 mmHg to 75.74 ± 8.42 mmHg (p = 0.028) and stayed in a healthy range on average. Conclusions/Interpretation: This study demonstrates the feasibility, benefits and safety aspects of a 7-day fast in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Proficiencies of Military Medical Officers in Intubating Difficult Airways
Authors: Lim Jonathan Zhao Min , Chew Shi Hao , Chin Benjamin Zhao Bin , Siew Raymond Chern Hwee 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background This study sheds light on the proficiency of military medical officers who had received between 2-3 years of post-graduate training, in the handling of the difficult airway in a trauma manikin simulator using direct and video laryngoscopes. Method 133 doctors from the Singapore Armed Forces Medical Officer Cadet Course were assessed using high-fidelity simulator models with standardised difficult airways (simulator with tongue-swelling and cervical collar). They used the Macintosh direct laryngoscope (DL), King Vision channelled-blade laryngoscope (KVC), King Vision non-channelled blade laryngoscope (KVNC), and the McGrath (MG) laryngoscope on the same model in a randomised sequence. The intubation success rates and time to intubation were recorded and analysed for the study. Results The medical officers had a 71.4% intubation success rate with the DL on the difficult airway trauma simulator model and the mean time to intubation of 40.1s. With the KVC, the success rate is 86.5% with mean intubation time of 40.4s. The KVNC produced 24.8% success rate, with mean time to intubation of 53.2s. The MG laryngoscope produced 85.0% success rate, with a mean time of intubation of 37.4s. Conclusion Military medical officers with 2-3 years of post-graduate training had a success rate of 71.4% success rate intubating a simulated difficult airway in a trauma setting using a DL. Success rates were improved with the use of KVC and the MG laryngoscope, but was worse with the KVNC.
How Contexts Affect the Willingness of People to Register for the Deceased Organ Donation Program?
Authors: AlHajri Lamia , AlHebsi Amna , AlSuwaidi Maryam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The deceased organ donation program is new in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and to heighten acceptability, a broad understanding of public perspectives thought to be helpful. Therefore, this study aims to explore the extent by which context plays a role in willingness to register for the deceased organ donation program in UAE, Dubai.Methods: A qualitative methodology was used and this study was gauged by tenets of socioecological model and lay knowledge. Audio-recorded semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 participants who were recruited purposefully. Then, data was analysed thematically.Results: Four themes emerged from the dataset including: fear and body integrity, family, relational ties and the identify of recipient, religious conviction and knowledge and personal experiences. Participants feared the whole process, were not aware of the religious outlook and their knowledge regarding the program was scarce. Also, family related factors were major influencer, there should not be overlooked. Conclusion: Using the socioecological model and lay knowledge helped to unravel contextual factors that affected their willingness to participate. Therefore, enabled developing a holistic understanding of the phenomenon of interest. Responses were mainly stemming from their contexts, hence, awareness campaigns should elucidate people about the technical aspects and address their contextual concerns.