bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidance for the procurement of COVID‐19 convalescent plasma: differences between high‐ and low‐middle‐income countries
Authors: Bloch Evan M. , Goel Ruchika , Wendel Silvano , Burnouf Thierry , Al‐Riyami Arwa Z. , Ang Ai Leen , DeAngelis Vincenzo , Dumont Larry J. , Land Kevin , Lee Cheuk‐kwong , Oreh Adaeze , Patidar Gopal , Spitalnik Steven L. , Vermeulen Marion , Hindawi Salwa , Van den Berg Karin , Tiberghien Pierre , Vrielink Hans , Young Pampee , Devine Dana , So – Osman Cynthia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesCOVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) has been used, predominantly in high‐income countries (HICs) to treat COVID‐19; available data suggest the safety and efficacy of use. We sought to develop guidance for procurement and use of CCP, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) for which data are lacking.Materials and methodsA multidisciplinary, geographically representative group of individuals with expertise spanning transfusion medicine, infectious diseases and haematology was tasked with the development of a guidance document for CCP, drawing on expert opinion, survey of group members and review of available evidence. Three subgroups (i.e. donor, product and patient) were established based on self‐identified expertise and interest. Here, the donor and product‐related challenges are summarized and contrasted between HICs and LMICs with a view to guide related practices.ResultsThe challenges to advance CCP therapy are different between HICs and LMICs. Early challenges in HICs related to recruitment and qualification of sufficient donors to meet the growing demand. Antibody testing also posed a specific obstacle given lack of standardization, variable performance of the assays in use and uncertain interpretation of results. In LMICs, an extant transfusion deficit, suboptimal models of donor recruitment (e.g. reliance on replacement and paid donors), limited laboratory capacity for pre‐donation qualification and operational considerations could impede wide adoption.ConclusionThere has been wide‐scale adoption of CCP in many HICs, which could increase if clinical trials show efficacy of use. By contrast, LMICs, having received little attention, require locally applicable strategies for adoption of CCP.
Rough Surface Turbulent Boundary Layer Heat Transfer Using Generalized Reynolds Analogies
Authors: Sucec James 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Stanton number, St, calculations as a function of position, x, are made for turbulent, external boundary layer flow over aerodynamically rough surfaces and also for a fully developed duct flow with rough top and bottom surfaces. This is accomplished with three different forms of generalized Reynolds analogies from the literature and also with a new data correlation developed with the aid of the thermal inner and outer layers. Comparison of these predicted values of St with experimental data, from the literature, is made for several favorable equilibrium, one nonequilibrium, and a zero pressure gradient as well as a duct flow over “real” roughness patterns. Predictions compare reasonably well with the data for some of the generalized Reynolds analogies.
Novel RNASEH2C mutation in multiple members of a large family: insights into phenotypic spectrum of Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome
Authors: Lhamtsho Dema , Rajesh Uddandam , Saxena Apoorv , Bhardwaj Girish , Sondhi Vishal 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundAicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a genetic inflammatory disorder that presents with early infantile encephalopathy. We report the clinical and molecular details of multiple members of a family with AGS secondary to a novel RNASEH2C mutation, highlighting the evolution of phenotypic abnormalities in AGS.MethodsBetween February 2018 and June 2019, a pedigree tree was constructed for 141 members of a family. The clinical and radiological details of 14 symptomatic children were chronicled and compared with the asymptomatic family members. Genetic analysis was performed on 23 individuals (six symptomatic). This involved whole exome sequencing for one patient and confirmation of the identified indel variant in other family members.ResultsThe symptomatic children were diagnosed as AGS secondary to a novel indel variation in exon 2 of the RNASEH2C gene (chr11:65487843_65487846delinsGCCA). Clinically, between the ages of 2 and 6 months, the symptomatic children developed irritability (14/14), unexplained fever (9/14), chill blains (12/14), sleep irregularities (14/14) and developmental delay (14/14), with deterioration to vegetative state at a median (IQR) age of 10.5 months (9.25–11). In addition, chill blains were observed in 5/17 (29.4%) carrier individuals. Neuroimaging demonstrated a gradual progression of calcification involving basal ganglia, periventricular white matter and dentate nucleus. Three patients also demonstrated presence of subependymal germinolytic cysts.ConclusionThis report highlights a novel founder RNASEH2C mutation and the phenotypic evolution of AGS. In addition, we report chill blains in one-third of RNASEH2C mutation carriers. Neuroradiologically, the report illustrates novel MRI findings and demonstrates a progression pattern of disease. These findings will aid in earlier suspicion and diagnosis of AGS.
Public transit and depression among older adults: using agent-based models to examine plausible impacts of a free bus policy
Authors: Yang Yong , Langellier Brent A , Stankov Ivana , Purtle Jonathan , Nelson Katherine L , Reinhard Erica , Van Lenthe Frank J , Diez Roux Ana V 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundDaily transport is associated with mental health. A free bus policy (FBP) may be effective in promoting the use of public transit in older adults and be associated with reductions in depressive symptoms.MethodsWe developed an agent-based model and grounded it using empirical data from England to examine the impact of an FBP on public transit use and depression among older adults. We also used the model to explore whether the impact of the FBP bus use and depression is modified by the type of income segregation or by simultaneous efforts to improve attitudes towards the bus, to reduce waiting times or to increase the cost of driving via parking fees or fuel price.ResultsOur model suggests that improving attitudes towards the bus (eg, campaigns that promote bus use) could enhance the effect of the FBP, especially for those in proximity to public transit. Reducing wait times could also significantly magnify FPB impacts, especially in those who live in proximity to public transit. Contrary to expectation, neither fuel costs nor parking fees significantly enhanced the impact of the FBP. The impact of improving attitudes towards the bus and increasing bus frequency was more pronounced in the lower-income groups in an income segregation scenario in which destination and public transit are denser in the city centre.ConclusionOur results suggest that the beneficial mental health effects of an FBP for older adults can be magnified when combined with initiatives that reduce bus waiting times and increased spatial access to transit.
Long‐term outcome of a combined surgical approach for repair of femoral avulsion fracture of the caudal cruciate ligament in a dog
Authors: Bourbos Alexandros , Cinti Filippo , Baroni Massimo , Piola Valentina , Pisani Guido 
Published: June 2020

A four‐month‐old male boxer dog was presented with a one‐week history of acute right hindlimb lameness after an injury. Physical and radiographic examinations confirmed a femoral avulsion fracture of the caudal cruciate ligament. Surgical repair was elected using a combination of arthroscopy and arthrotomy to place a monofilament absorbable suture material through the parallel bone tunnels to reduce the avulsed bone fragment. The last follow‐up examination 2.5 years postoperatively showed good to excellent limb function and mild periarticular changes.
Jet tagging made easy
Authors: Aguilar-Saavedra J. A. , Zaldívar B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe develop taggers for multi-pronged jets that are simple functions of jet substructure (so-called ‘subjettiness’) variables. These taggers can be approximately decorrelated from the jet mass in a quite simple way. Specifically, we use a Logistic Regression Design (LoRD) which, even being one of the simplest machine learning classifiers, shows a performance which surpasses that of simple variables used by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations and is not far from more complex models based on neural networks. Contrary to the latter, our method allows for an easy implementation of tagging tasks by providing a simple and interpretable analytical formula with already optimised parameters.
Dark-sector physics in the search for the rare decays $$K^+\rightarrow \pi ^+ \nu {\bar{\nu }}$$ and $$K_L\rightarrow \pi ^0 \nu {\bar{\nu }}$$
Authors: Fabbrichesi Marco , Gabrielli Emidio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe compute the contribution of the decays $$K_L \rightarrow \pi ^0 Q {\bar{Q}}$$

K
L

→

π
0

Q

Q

¯

and $$K^+ \rightarrow \pi ^+ Q {\bar{Q}}$$

K
+

→

π
+

Q

Q

¯

, where Q is a dark fermion of the dark sector, to the measured widths for the rare decays $$K^+\rightarrow \pi ^+ \nu {\bar{\nu }}$$

K
+

→

π
+

ν

ν

¯

and $$K_L\rightarrow \pi ^0 \nu {\bar{\nu }}$$

K
L

→

π
0

ν

ν

¯

. The recent experimental limit for $$\varGamma (K^+ \rightarrow \pi ^+ \nu {\bar{\nu }})$$

Γ
(

K
+

→

π
+

ν

ν

¯

)

from NA62 sets a new and very strict bound on the dark-sector parameters. A branching ratio for $$K_L \rightarrow \pi ^0 Q {\bar{Q}}$$

K
L

→

π
0

Q

Q

¯

within the reach of the KOTO sensitivity is possible. The Grossman–Nir bound is weakened by the asymmetric effect of the different kinematic cuts enforced by the NA62 and KOTO experiments. This last feature holds true for all models where the decay into invisible states takes place through a light or massless intermediate state.
Quark stars with isotropic matter in Hořava gravity and Einstein–æther theory
Authors: Panotopoulos Grigorios , Vernieri Daniele , Lopes Ilidio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study non-rotating and isotropic strange quark stars in Lorentz-violating theories of gravity, and in particular in Hořava gravity and Einstein-æther theory. For quark matter we adopt both linear and non-linear equations of state, corresponding to the MIT bag model and color flavor locked state, respectively. The new structure equations describing hydrostatic equilibrium generalize the usual Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equations of Einstein’s general relativity. A dimensionless parameter$$\nu $$νmeasures the deviation from the standard TOV equations, which are recovered in the limit$$\nu \rightarrow 0$$ν→0. We compute the mass, the radius as well as the compactness of the stars, and we show graphically the impact of the parameter$$\nu $$νon the mass-to-radius profiles for different equations of state describing quark matter. The energy conditions and stability criteria are also considered, and they are all found to be fulfilled.
Asset management and maintenance: a smart grid perspective
Authors: Jung Chan-Mook , Ray Papia , Salkuti Surender Reddy 
Published: June 2020

<p>This paper presents the importance, issues and challenges related to Smart Grid. It also evaluates various approaches for Smart Grid planning and operation. It discusses tools for asset management and their applicability to the next generation grid. Aging assets, uncertainty in load demand profile and renewable energy resources, and demand management create a challenge for the optimal operation and maintenance of electrical grid. This paper addresses the challenges and opportunities to improve transmission and distribution systems asset maintenance. This paper also presents the asset replacement alternatives. This paper also presents the cost-benefit analysis of asset management using the information/real time data from the utility company. This paper will serve a guide for doing the asset management to the electrification process, investment and recovery to sustain reliable and efficient power delivery.</p>
Bessel Beams and Gaussian Beams as information carriers in free space optical interconnects systems: A comparison study
Authors: Alababneh Nedal K 
Published: June 2020

<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">We introduce a comparison study for the performance of a lens-based free space optical interconnects system assuming Bessel Beams and Gaussian Beams as information carriers. The optical field at the detector plane was derived for the two beam profiles. In both cases the expressions for the output optical filed are expressed in terms of complex Gaussian functions. The performance of the system for the two beams is evaluated and compared. Using simulation results we show that the use of Bessel beam gives superior results to that of using Gaussian beam for large interconnects distance.</span></p>
Machine Learning of 12-Lead QRS Waveforms to Identify Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Patients With Differential Outcomes
Authors: Feeny Albert K. , Rickard John , Trulock Kevin M. , Patel Divyang , Toro Saleem , Moennich Laurie Ann , Varma Niraj , Niebauer Mark J. , Gorodeski Eiran Z. , Grimm Richard A. , Barnard John , Madabhushi Anant , Chung Mina K. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves heart failure outcomes but has significant nonresponse rates, highlighting limitations in ECG selection criteria: QRS duration (QRSd) ≥150 ms and subjective labeling of left bundle branch block (LBBB). We explored unsupervised machine learning of ECG waveforms to identify CRT subgroups that may differentiate outcomes beyond QRSd and LBBB.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 946 CRT patients with conduction delay. Principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction obtained a 2-dimensional representation of preCRT 12-lead QRS waveforms.
k
-means clustering of the 2-dimensional PCA representation of 12-lead QRS waveforms identified 2 patient subgroups (QRS PCA groups). Vectorcardiographic QRS area was also calculated. We examined following 2 primary outcomes: (1) composite end point of death, left ventricular assist device, or heart transplant, and (2) degree of echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) change after CRT.

Results:

Compared with QRS PCA Group 2 (
n
=425), Group 1 (
n
=521) had lower risk for reaching the composite end point (HR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.38–0.53];
P
<0.001) and experienced greater mean LVEF improvement (11.1±11.7% versus 4.8±9.7%;
P
<0.001), even among patients with LBBB with QRSd ≥150 ms (HR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.30–0.57];
P
<0.001; mean LVEF change 12.5±11.8% versus 7.3±8.1%;
P
=0.001). QRS area also stratified outcomes but had significant differences from QRS PCA groups. A stratification scheme combining QRS area and QRS PCA group identified patients with LBBB with similar outcomes to non-LBBB patients (HR, 1.32 [95% CI, 0.93–1.62]; difference in mean LVEF change: 0.8% [95% CI, −2.1% to 3.7%]). The stratification scheme also identified patients with LBBB with QRSd <150 ms with comparable outcomes to patients with LBBB with QRSd ≥150 ms (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.67–1.29]; difference in mean LVEF change: −0.2% [95% CI, −2.7% to 3.0%]).

Conclusions:
Unsupervised machine learning of ECG waveforms identified CRT subgroups with relevance beyond LBBB and QRSd. This method may assist in objective classification of bundle branch block morphology in CRT.
Direct Oral Anticoagulant Use: A Practical Guide to Common Clinical Challenges
Authors: Chen Ashley , Stecker Eric , A. Warden Bruce 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Direct oral anticoagulants (
DOAC
s) have quickly become attractive alternatives to the long‐standing standard of care in anticoagulation, vitamin K antagonist.
DOAC
s are indicated for prevention and treatment of several cardiovascular conditions. Since the first approval in 2010,
DOAC
s have emerged as leading therapeutic alternatives that provide both clinicians and patients with more effective, safe, and convenient treatment options in thromboembolic settings. With the expanding role of
DOAC
s, clinicians are faced with increasingly complex decisions relating to appropriate agent, duration of treatment, and use in special populations. This review will provide an overview of
DOAC
s and act as a practical reference for clinicians to optimize
DOAC
use among common challenging scenarios. Topics addressed include (1) appropriate indications; (2) use in patients with specific comorbidities; (3) monitoring parameters; (4) transitioning between anticoagulant regimens; (5) major drug interactions; and (6) cost considerations.
Babies and Building Blocks: A Re-constructive Reading of God’s Household in 1 Peter in light of the Absent Child
Authors: Lindeman Allen Amy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This essay re-reads 1 Peter’s Haustafel from a childist perspective, concerned with children both absent and present. It re-imagines 1 Peter’s Haustafel as a model for the Christian family based on growth and interdependence, rather than power and submission. In this model, God is paterfamilias, mimicking patriarchy in order to bring about a reversal in which elders imitate infants. This is argued in three parts: (1) attending to children and the ideologies that govern their relationships; (2) uniting the metaphors of infants and building blocks; and (3) re-imagining an alternate model of household relationships.
Kuntilanak
Authors: Duile Timo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Kuntilanak is an icon of pop culture well known in several nations in Southeast Asia. While the female vampire is the subject of horror films and novels, people in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, claim that the city was founded by evicting Kuntilanak, who inhabited the confluence of the Kapuas and Landak rivers before the city was built. This article examines narratives on Kuntilanak, comparing it with other spirit perceptions found among Dayak in West Kalimantan. It suggests that the horror of that terrifying ghost is the price people had to pay for conceptualizing nature in accordance with Islamic Malay modernity. Referring to Critical Theory approaches, it is argued that the hostility and horror of Kuntilanak are expressions of a specific mode of enlightenment in the widest sense of the term, that is, an effort to conceptualize nature in order to rule over it. Nature thus emerges in opposition to the civilized, Muslim societies (masyarakat madani) of Malay coastal towns.
Conjectures and Controversy in the Study of Fundamentalism
Authors: Williamson W. Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Although psychology of religion has amassed a significant empirical literature on religious fundamentalism, it largely has ignored the sociohistorical context within which Protestant fundamentalism arose and has relied uncritically upon such popular notions as militancy, anti-modernism, and global fundamentalism in much of its research. This monograph will critically review sociohistorical reconstructions of fundamentalism that have heavily influenced the views of society and psychologists; discuss problematic concepts that emerged from those reconstructions; and highlight theories based on the social dynamics of fundamentalism. Focus on these issues will underscore the need for a critical review of empirical research, which is reserved for a second monograph.
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-like discriminative stimulus effects of pyrrolidinyl cathinones in rats
Authors: Gatch Michael B , Forster Michael J 
Published: June 2020

Background: Synthetic cathinone derivatives are used as alternatives both for stimulant drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine and for club drugs such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), but little is known about their MDMA-like subjective effects. Methods In order to determine their similarity to MDMA, the discriminative stimulus effects of 10 pyrrolidinyl cathinones (α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, 4′-methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (4′-MePPP), α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone, 3′,4′-methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinobutyrophenone (MD-PBP), α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, 3,4-methylenedioxy-pyrovalerone (MDPV), α-pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone, napthylpyrovalerone (naphyrone), α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone, and 4′-methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone (4′-MePHP)) were assessed in Sprague–Dawley rats trained to discriminate 1.5 mg/kg racemic ±-MDMA from vehicle. Results: Compounds with no substitutions on the phenyl ring and the thiophene produced 44–67% MDMA-appropriate responding. In contrast, the substituted pyrrolidinyl cathinones produced a range of MDMA-appropriate responding dependent upon the length of the alpha side chain. 4′-MePPP, with a single carbon on the alpha position, produced 99.8% MDMA-appropriate responding, MD-PBP (two carbons) produced 83%, naphyrone (three carbons) produced 71%, MDPV (three carbons) produced, 66%, and 4′-MePHP (four carbons) produced 47%. Conclusions: Many cathinone compounds have discriminative stimulus effects similar to those of MDMA. However, the pyrrolidine substitution appears to reduce serotonergic effects, with a commensurate decrease in MDMA-like effects. Substitutions on the phenyl ring appear to be able to restore MDMA-like responding, but only in compounds with short alpha side chains. These findings agree with earlier findings of increasing dopaminergic effects and stronger reinforcing effects with increasing side chain. Assessment of more compounds is necessary to establish the replicability/robustness of this phenomenon. These findings may be of use in predicting which compounds will have MDMA/club drug-like effects versus psychostimulant-like effects.
Abstinent patients with alcohol use disorders show an altered plasma cytokine profile: Identification of both interleukin 6 and interleukin 17A as potential biomarkers of consumption and comorbid liver and pancreatic diseases
Authors: García-Marchena Nuria , Maza-Quiroga Rosa , Serrano Antonia , Barrios Vicente , Requena-Ocaña Nerea , Suárez Juan , Chowen Julie Ann , Argente Jesús , Rubio Gabriel , Torrens Marta , López-Gallardo Meritxell , Marco Eva María , Castilla-Ortega Estela , Santín Luis Javier , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando , Pavón Francisco Javier , Araos Pedro 
Published: June 2020

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that alcohol consumption can modulate the immune system by directly activating natural immunity and triggering inflammatory processes in the central nervous system and in peripheral organs, such as the liver and pancreas. Patients with alcohol use disorders have an elevated frequency of comorbid mental disorders and gut diseases (i.e. fatty liver and pancreatitis) that complicate diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Aims: The present study aims to explore possible associations in circulating plasma cytokine concentrations in abstinent patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorders. Methods: To this end, 85 abstinent subjects with alcohol use disorders from an outpatient setting and 55 healthy subjects were evaluated for both substance and mental disorders. The plasma levels of cytokines interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 4, interleukin 6, interleukin 17A, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis alpha were determined and their association with (a) history of alcohol consumption, (b) psychiatric comorbidity and (c) liver/pancreas comorbidities was explored. Results: We found that plasma concentrations of interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis alpha were increased, whereas plasma concentrations of interleukin 4, interleukin 17A and interferon gamma were decreased in abstinent alcohol use disorder patients as compared with control subjects. Moreover, we found that changes in interleukin 6 and interleukin 17A plasma concentrations in alcohol use disorder patients were associated with the presence of liver and pancreatic diseases. Conclusion: The present results suggest alcohol use disorder is associated with alterations of plasma cytokines, being interleukin 6 and interleukin 17A potential biomarkers of the presence of comorbidities of digestive organs. The clinical relevance of these findings is discussed in the context of alcohol-induced inflammatory processes.