bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological analysis of neonatal CHD near Petrochemical Complex
Authors: Chen Ye , Huang Lei-Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective:To study the incidence, types, and characteristics of CHD in all live births delivered in Jinshan Hospital from 1 January, 2016 to 31 December, 2017, and to analyse the correlation between CHD and the distance between maternal residence and Shanghai Petrochemical Complex.Methods:All live births, delivered in Jinshan Hospital in 2016 and 2017, have received CHD screening and neonatal follow-up after delivery. For those both positive for CHD screening and negative for CHD screening but with heart murmur found during physical examination on neonatal follow-up after delivery, echocardiography was performed to confirm CHD diagnosis. All maternal residential addresses have been grouped for analysis according to the distance between maternal residence and Shanghai Petrochemical Complex.Results:There were 5544 live births in total, and a total of 79 children with CHD were confirmed by CHD screening and echocardiography, of which the types of diseases with high incidence, in descending order of incidence, are atrial septal defect (48/79), ventricular septal defect (25/79), patent ductus arteriosus (21/79), and pulmonary artery stenosis (9/79). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of CHD among the groups divided by the distance between maternal residence and Shanghai Petrochemical Complex. The incidence of neonatal CHD near Shanghai Petrochemical Complex is 1.42%.Conclusions:Most of the children with CHD can be screened out through CHD screening and physical examination in neonatal period and early infancy stage. The distance between maternal residence and Shanghai Petrochemical Complex has no significant direct effect on the incidence of CHD in neonates near Shanghai Petrochemical Complex.
Association between preoperative respiratory support and outcomes in paediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Ciociola Elizabeth C. , Kumar Karan R. , Zimmerman Kanecia O. , Thompson Elizabeth J. , Harward Melissa , Sullivan Laura N. , Turek Joseph W. , Hornik Christoph P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground:Preoperative mechanical ventilation is associated with morbidity and mortality following CHD surgery, but prior studies lack a comprehensive analysis of how preoperative respiratory support mode and timing affects outcomes.Methods:We retrospectively collected data on children <18 years of age undergoing cardiac surgery at an academic tertiary care medical centre. Using multivariable regression, we examined the association between modes of preoperative respiratory support (nasal cannula, high-flow nasal cannula/noninvasive ventilation, or invasive mechanical ventilation), escalation of preoperative respiratory support, and invasive mechanical ventilation on the day of surgery for three outcomes: operative mortality, postoperative length of stay, and postoperative complications. We repeated our analysis in a subcohort of neonates.Results:A total of 701 children underwent 800 surgical procedures, and 40% received preoperative respiratory support. Among neonates, 243 patients underwent 253 surgical procedures, and 79% received preoperative respiratory support. In multivariable analysis, all modes of preoperative respiratory support, escalation in preoperative respiratory support, and invasive mechanical ventilation on the day of surgery were associated with increased odds of prolonged length of stay in children and neonates. Children (odds ratio = 3.69, 95% CI 1.2–11.4) and neonates (odds ratio = 8.97, 95% CI 1.31–61.14) on high-flow nasal cannula/noninvasive ventilation had increased odds of operative mortality compared to those on room air.Conclusion:Preoperative respiratory support is associated with prolonged length of stay and mortality following CHD surgery. Knowing how preoperative respiratory support affects outcomes may help guide surgical timing, inform prognostic conversations, and improve risk stratification models.
Factors related to advance care planning among older African American women: Age, medication, and acute care visits
Authors: Kwak Jung , Ellis Julie L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesAdvance care planning (ACP) is linked with high-quality clinical outcomes at the end of life. However, ACP engagement is lower among African Americans than among Whites. In this study, we sought to identify correlates of ACP among African American women with multiple chronic conditions for two reasons: (1) African American women with multiple chronic conditions have high risks for serious illnesses, more intensive treatments, and circumstances that may require substitutes' decision-making and (2) identifying correlates of ACP among African American women can help us identify important characteristics to inform ACP outreach and interventions for this group.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted with 116 African American women aged ≥50 years who were recruited from the central area of a mid-western city.ResultsOn average, participants were 64 years old (SD = 9.42). The majority were not married (78%), had less than a college education (50%), and had an annual income of $15,000 (54%). Their mean numbers of chronic conditions and prescribed medications were 3.31 (SD = 1.25) and 8.75 (SD = 4.42), respectively. Fifty-nine per cent reported having talked with someone about their preferences (informal ACP); only 30% had completed a living will or a power of attorney for healthcare (formal ACP). Logistic regression showed that age, the number of hospitalizations or emergency department visits, and the number of prescription medications were significantly correlated with both informal and formal ACP; other demographic and psychosocial characteristics (the knowledge of ACP, self-efficacy, and trust in the medical system) were not.Significance of resultsResults of this study suggest a need for targeted, culturally sensitive outpatient ACP education to promote ACP engagement in older African American women, taking into account age, the severity of chronic conditions, and levels of medication management.
The utility of nursing instruments for daily screening for delirium: Delirium causes substantial functional impairment
Authors: Bode Leonie , Isler Florian , Fuchs Simon , Marquetand Justus , Petry Heidi , Ernst Jutta , Schubert Maria , Garcia Nuñez David , von Känel Roland , Boettger Soenke 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveNursing assessments have been recommended for the daily screening for delirium; however, the utility of individual items have not yet been tested. In a first step in establishing the potential of the electronic Patient Assessment-Acute Care (ePA-AC) as such, the impact of delirium on the functional domains was assessed.MethodIn this prospective observational cohort study, 277 patients were assessed and 118 patients were delirious. The impact of delirium on functional domains of the ePA-AC related to self-initiated activity, nutrition, and elimination was determined with simple logistic regressions.ResultsPatients with delirium were older, sicker, were more commonly sedated during the assessment, stayed longer in the intensive care unit (ICU) and floors, and less commonly discharged home. A general pattern was the loss of abilities and full functioning equivalent to global impairment. For self-initiated mobility, in and out of the bed sizable limitations were noted and substantial inability to transfer caused friction and shearing. Similarly, any exhaustion and fatigue were associated with delirium. For self-initiated grooming and dressing, the impairment was greater in the upper body. Within the nutritional domain, delirium affected self-initiated eating and drinking, the amount of food and fluids, energy and nutrient, as well as parenteral nutrition requirement. In delirious patients, the fluid demand was rather increased than decreased, tube feeding more often required and dysphagia occurred. For the elimination domain, urination was not affected — of note, most patients were catheterized, whereas abilities to initiate or control defecation were affected.Significance of resultsDelirium was associated with sizable impairment in the level of functioning. These impairments could guide supportive interventions for delirious patients and perspectively implement nursing instruments for delirium screening.
Comparing the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs of patients with non-cancer and cancer diagnoses in a tertiary palliative care setting
Authors: Bandeali Suhair , des Ordons Amanda Roze , Sinnarajah Aynharan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose was to describe the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs of patients with non-cancer serious illness diagnoses compared to those of patients with cancer.MethodWe conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients with a non-cancer diagnosis admitted to a tertiary palliative care unit between January 2008 and December 2017 and compared their needs to those of a matched cohort of patients with cancer diagnoses. The prevalence of needs within the following four main concerns was recorded and the data analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis:
•Physical: pain, dyspnea, fatigue, anorexia, edema, and delirium•Psychological: depression, anxiety, prognosis, and dignity•Social: caregiver burden, isolation, and financial•Spiritual: spiritual distressResultsThe prevalence of the four main concerns was similar among patients with non-cancer and cancer diagnoses. Pain, nausea/vomiting, fatigue, and anorexia were more prevalent among patients with cancer. Dyspnea was more commonly the primary concern in patients with non-cancer diagnoses (39%), who also had a higher prevalence of anxiety and concerns about dignity. Spirituality was addressed more often in patients with cancer.Significance of resultsThe majority of patients admitted to tertiary palliative care settings have historically been those with cancer. The tertiary palliative care needs of patients with non-cancer diagnoses have not been well described, despite the increasing prevalence of this population. Our description of the palliative care needs of patients with non-cancer diagnoses will help guide future palliative care for the increasing population of patients with non-cancer serious illness diagnoses.
Photoluminescence Characteristics of Zinc Blende InAs Nanowires
Authors: Anyebe E. A. , Kesaria M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA detailed understanding of the optical properties of self-catalysed (SC), zinc blende (ZB) dominant, nanowires (NWs) is crucial for the development of functional and impurity-free nanodevices. Despite the fact that SC InAs NWs mostly crystallize in the WZ/ZB phase, there are very limited reports on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of ZB InAs NWs. Here, we report on the PL properties of Molecular Beam Epitaxy grown, SC InAs NWs. The as-grown NWs exhibit a dominant band to band (BtB) peak associated with ZB, InAs with an emission energy of ~0.41 eV in good agreement with the band gap energy of ZB InAs and significantly lower than that of the wurtzite phase (~0.48 eV). The strong BtB peak persists to near room temperature with a distinct temperature-dependent red-shift and very narrow spectral linewidth of ~20 meV (10 K) which is much smaller than previously reported values. A narrowing in PL linewidth with increasing NWs diameter is correlated with a decline in the influence of surface defects resulting from an enlargement in NWs diameter. This study demonstrates the high optical property of SC InAs NWs which is compatible with the Si-complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology and paves the way for the monolithic integration of InAs NWs with Si in novel nanodevices.
Effect of Seafood (Gizzard Shad) Supplementation on the Chemical Composition and Microbial Dynamics of Radish Kimchi during Fermentation
Authors: Mannaa Mohamed , Seo Young-Su , Park Inmyoung 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of supplementing radish kimchi with slices of gizzard shad, Konosirus punctatus (boneless - BLGS, or whole - WGS) on the kimchi’s chemical and microbial composition for different fermentation durations. Higher levels of amino nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) were observed in the supplemented kimchi groups compared to those in the control and further, Ca and P levels were highest in the WGS kimchi group. Microbial composition analysis revealed noticeable differences between the three groups at different fermentation durations. The predominant species changed from Leuconostoc rapi to Lactobacillus sakei at the optimal- and over-ripening stages in the control kimchi group. The predominant species in the BLGS kimchi group was L. rapi at all stages of fermentation, whereas the predominant species in the WGS kimchi group was L. rapi at the optimal-ripening stage, and both L. sakei and L. rapi at the over-ripening stage. Significant correlations were observed by analysis of the Spearman’s rank between and within the chemical and microbial composition over fermentation durations. Altogether, gizzard shad supplementation may be used to optimize the desired microbial population to obtain the preferable fresh kimchi flavour by the release of certain inorganic elements and amino N.
Fatty Acids and Cancer Risk
Authors: Ravacci G. , Santos J. R. , Waitzberg D. L. 
Published: November 2019

This chapter summarizes the evidence for alterations in fatty acid (FA) metabolism in cancer. Lipid metabolism, in particular de novo fatty acid synthesis, is an essential cellular process that converts nutrients into metabolic intermediates for membrane biosynthesis, energy storage and the generation of signaling molecules. The activated de novo fatty acid synthesis provides essential structural components and substrates for the generation of signaling molecules. A wide variety of tumors and their precursor lesions undergo exacerbated de novo fatty acid synthesis, irrespective of the levels of circulating lipids. Neoplastic lipogenesis is reflected by significantly increased activity and coordinate expression of several lipogenic enzymes in tumor cells. Upregulation of fatty acid synthase, the key metabolic multi-enzyme that is responsible for the terminal catalytic step in de novo fatty acid synthesis, represents a nearly universal phenotypic alteration in most human malignancies. Increased lipid uptake was also observed in tumor cells. Essential FAs, such as omega-3 and omega-6 FAs, are precursors to eicosanoids and contribute distinctly to tumor progression.
Investigation of BTLA tagging variants with risk of esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tang Weifeng , Chen Shuchen , Kang Mingqiang , Liu Jun , Liu Chao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Variants in B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) gene are likely to affect the function of BTLA protein.
Methods: In the present case–control study, we selected BTLA tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs16859629 T&gt;C, rs1982809 G&gt;A, rs2171513 G&gt;A and rs3112270 A&gt;G) and conducted a case–control study to identify the association of BTLA SNPs with risk of esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EGJA). The present study involved 1236 new incident EGJA cases and 1540 cancer-free controls.
Results: The genotypes of BTLA SNPs were analyzed using a SNPscan Kit. No association was also found between the BTLA SNPs and the susceptibility of EGJA in overall comparsion. In subgroup analyses, the BTLA rs1982809 was found to be associated with an increased susceptibility of EGJA (AA versus GG: ORadjusted = 2.09, 95% CI 1.08–4.07, P = 0.030; and AA versus GA/GG: ORadjusted = 1.99, 95% CI 1.04–3.82, P = 0.039). In haplotype comparison, we identified that TAAG haplotype with the order of BTLA rs16859629, rs1982809, rs2171513 and rs3112270 SNPs might increase the susceptibility of EGJA (OR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.41–6.71; P = 0.003).
Conclusion: To conclude, the present study suggests that BTLA Trs16859629Ars1982809Ars2171513Grs3112270 haplotype may increase the susceptibility of EGJA. More studies should be conducted to evaluate whether BTLA polymorphisms may influence the susceptibility of cancer in the future.
Application of the Hurst index to evaluate the testing of information gathering system components
Authors: Klevtsov Sergei 
Published: November 2019

The performance of the technical object is determined based on the evaluation of its parameters. Sensors of physical quantities are used to collect data on the values of the parameters of the controlled object. The performance evaluation of an object depends on the accuracy of the parameter measurement. The measurement accuracy is determined by the sensor conversion characteristic. If the sensor calibration tests are performed correctly, the conversion characteristic will accurately reflect the relationship between the measured parameter and the output electrical signal. A method for assessing the quality of the conversion characteristics of the microprocessor sensor, which is based on the use of Hurst index.The sensor of slowly changing physical quantities is considered. Based on the results of several test cycles obtained at a fixed ambient temperature, a series similar to the time series is formed. The initial series is subjected to additional processing before evaluation. The Hurst exponent is determined for the obtained series. The value of the Hurst index determines the quality of the test results. The possibility of using fractality index to assess the quality of tests is also considered.
Estimation of losses per unit length in a rectangular waveguide with rough screening surfaces based on the concept of partial waves
Authors: Biryukov Vladimir , Grachev Vladimir , Karakozova Ekaterina , Lobin Sergey , Shcherbakov Vladimir 
Published: November 2019

A method for calculating the rough surface reflection coefficient of an electromagnetic wave is proposed. It is shown that the screening surface roughness in waveguides is equivalent to a decrease in conductivity of these surfaces in comparison with values belonging to Schukin-Leontovich boundary conditions for completely smooth surfaces.
Examples of calculating the attenuation coefficient in the rectangular waveguide with rough screening surfaces in a terahertz frequency range are presented. The influence of the size and shape of the rough surface profile irregularities on the waveguide attenuation is studied.
Theory for anomalous refraction of visible light by the plane array of metallic waveguides
Authors: Anastasiev Anton , Polishchuk Ilya , Polishchuk Yuri 
Published: November 2019

The effect of anomalous or negative angle refraction in the periodic systems of silver waveguides is investigated. This effect arises solely due to the waveguide interaction and requires the system of specific geometrical configuration. It is also shown that the propagation constant provides a flexible mechanism to manipulate the anomalous refraction. We employ the multiple scattering formalism based on the exact solution of the Maxwell equations for a single waveguide problem. Also the method based on the lattice sum transformation into a fast convergent series is involved.
This technique dramatically decreases the time necessary for performing the numerical simulations and increases the accuracy of the computational process. It is shown that all the directions, which the periodic system is possible to radiate, can be obtained beforehand, i.e. analytically, without numerical simulations. The latter ones are needed to determine energy the flux going into each of those directions.
Intubationssysteme in der Tränenwegchirurgie – eine aktuelle Übersicht
Authors: Rokohl Alexander C. , Guo Yongwei , Mor Joel M. , Loreck Niklas , Koch Konrad R. , Heindl Ludwig M. 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungMit dem Einsatz von Mikroendoskopen in der Tränenwegchirurgie und dem dadurch bedingten Einzug der neueren, transkanalikulären, anatomieerhaltenden Operationsverfahren wurden verschiedenste Tränenwegintubationssysteme entwickelt. Je nach Lokalisation und Ausmaß der Tränenwegstenose können bikanalikuloanuläre, monokanalikuläre, monokanalikulonasale, bikanalikuläre und bikanalikulonasale Intubationstechniken und -systeme sowie Kombinationen daraus zum Einsatz kommen. Der isolierten Intubation der Tränenpünktchen dienen perforierte Punctum Plugs, während eine rein monokanalikuläre Intubation mit einer Mini-Monoka® erfolgen kann. Als monokanalikulonasale Intubationssysteme stehen neben der Monoka (Wide-Collarette-Typ), der Monoka von Fayet (Crawford-Typ), der selbsteinfädelnde Monoka (Ritleng®-Typ), der Masterka® sowie der LacriJet® für den ophthalmoplastischen Chirurgen zur Auswahl. Zu den bikanalikulonasalen Intubationssystemen zählen verschiedene BIKA®-Systeme, das Ritleng-Intubationssystem, das Crawford-Intubationsset und der FCI Nunchaku®. Indikationen sowohl für monokanalikulonasale als auch bikanalikulonasale Intubationssysteme stellen kanalikuläre Obstruktionen, Stenosen oder Lazerationen aller Art sowie sakkale und postsakkale Obstruktionen und Stenosen nach deren Eröffnung oder nach einer Dakryozystorhinostomie (DCR) dar. Bei einer Konjunktivodakryozystorhinostomie (CDCR) können bspw. die klassischen Lester Jones Tubes, Metaireau Tubes oder die StopLoss® Jones Tubes verwendet werden. Obwohl die Studienlage nicht eindeutig ist und daher eine Tränenwegintubation nicht als obligat angesehen werden darf, verzichten die meisten Ophthalmochirurgen trotz höherer Kosten und einer geringfügig längeren Operationsdauer in den meisten Fällen nicht auf eine solche. Für welches Intubationssystem der Operateur sich letztendlich entscheidet, hängt in den meisten Fällen von der gewählten Intubationsform, den Kosten sowie seinen persönlichen Präferenzen und Erfahrungen ab.
Nierenbeteiligung bei ANCA-assoziierten Vaskulitiden
Authors: Kronbichler Andreas , Windpessl Martin 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungANCA-assoziierte Vaskulitiden sind seltene Kleingefäßvaskulitiden, wobei die jährliche Inzidenz in etwa bei 20 pro 1 000 000 Einwohner liegt. Eine Nierenbeteiligung kommt bei über 50% der betroffenen Patienten vor und geht mit Morbidität und Mortalität einher. Ein Screening auf Nierenbeteiligung sollte zum Zeitpunkt der Erstdiagnose und periodisch im Verlauf stattfinden. Eine Nierenbiopsie hat nicht nur einen diagnostischen Nutzen, sondern ist essentiell zur Prognoseabschätzung. Verschiedene histologische Kriterien sind in den letzten Jahren entwickelt worden, welche in den klinischen Alltag Einzug finden werden. Neben glomerulären Veränderungen scheinen für die Langzeitprognose auch tubulointerstitielle Veränderungen von Interesse zu sein. Die Therapie der ANCA-assoziierten Vaskulitis, sowohl in der Induktions- als auch in Erhaltungstherapie, wurde durch Rituximab verändert. Strategien zur Glucocorticoidreduktion bzw. -elimination wurden entwickelt, welche die Nebenwirkungen von Steroiden minimieren sollen. Da eine eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion das kardiovaskuläre Risiko von Patienten mit ANCA-assoziierter Vaskulitis deutlich erhöht, muss auf eine adäquate Kontrolle dieser Faktoren geachtet werden. Zudem haben Patienten während aktiver Phasen der Erkrankung ein hohes thromboembolisches Risiko und bei dementsprechenden Beschwerden sollte frühzeitig ein Screening stattfinden. Zusammengefasst hat das zunehmende wissenschaftliche Interesse auf dem Gebiet der Vaskulitiden dazu geführt, dass die Diagnostik und Therapie über das letzte Jahrzehnt deutlich optimiert wurde. Weitere Studien werden in der Zukunft „maßgeschneiderte“ therapeutische Behandlungen erlauben.