bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heroes in crisis: Trauma centers should be screening for and intervening on posttraumatic stress in our emergency responders
Authors: Tatebe Leah C. , Rajaram Siva Nandini , Pekarek Sydney , Liesen Erik , Wheeler Andrew , Reese Carol , Schlanser Victoria , Kaminsky Matthew , Messer Thomas , Starr Frederic , Mis Justin , Bokhari Faran , Dennis Andrew 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND
Emergency responders face a crisis of rising suicide rates, and many resist seeking help due to the stigma surrounding mental health. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of an urban trauma center to screen for posttraumatic stress (PTS) among emergency responders and to provide mental health services.

METHODS
Paramedics, firefighters, law enforcement, and corrections officers involved with patients in the trauma unit were asked to complete the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and Post-Traumatic Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (PCL-5). Additional factors known to affect PTS were correlated: occupation, age, sex, years of service, marital status, children, and pets. Willingness and barriers to seeking interventions for PTS were evaluated.

RESULTS
A total of 258 responded: 36.7% paramedics, 40.2% law enforcement officers, 18.4% corrections officers, 0.8% firefighters, and 3.5% with multiple positions. Responders had a mean of 14.5 years of service (SD, 9.9 years). Mean PTGI and PCL-5 scores were 52.1 (SD, 25.1) and 17.2 (SD, 16.5), respectively. Overall, 24.7% had diagnostic PTS disorder with no difference seen in rates between professions. Of these, 80.7% had not sought care. Barriers included that they were not concerned (46%), did not recognize symptoms (24%), and were worried about consequences (20%). Concern over career advancement or losing one's job was the greatest barrier cited for seeking care. Among law enforcement, 47.7% were concerned that they would lose their ability to carry a firearm if they sought care for PTS. The PTGI score, divorce, and 46 years to 50 years were the only factors examined that correlated with increased PCL-5 score. There were 82.5% that felt the trauma center was the right place to screen and intervene upon PTS.

CONCLUSION
Trauma centers are an ideal and safe place to both screen for PTS and offer mental health assistance. Comprehensive trauma-informed care by hospital-based intervention programs must expand to include emergency responders.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Epidemiological study type, Level II.
Enterocutaneous fistula after emergency general surgery: Mortality, readmission, and financial burden
Authors: Hatchimonji Justin S. , Passman Jesse , Kaufman Elinore J. , Sharoky Catherine E. , Ma Lucy W. , Scantling Dane , Xiong Ruiying , Holena Daniel N. 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND
The burden of enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) after emergency general surgery (EGS) has not been rigorously characterized. We hypothesized that ECF would be associated with higher rates of postdischarge mortality and readmissions.

METHODS
Using the 2016 National Readmission Database, we conducted a retrospective study of adults presenting for gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. Cases were defined as emergent if they were nonelective admissions with an operation occurring on hospital day 0 or 1. We used International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, code K63.2 (fistula of intestine) to identify postoperative fistula. We measured mortality rates and 30- and 90-day readmission rates censuring discharges occurring in December or from October to December, respectively.

RESULTS
A total of 135,595 patients underwent emergency surgery; 1,470 (1.1%) developed ECF. Mortality was higher in EGS patients with ECF than in those without (10.1% vs. 5.4%; odds ratio [OR], 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67–2.36) among patients who survived the index admission. Readmission rates were higher for EGS patients with ECF than without at 30 days (31.0% vs. 12.6%; OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 2.76–3.54) and at 90 days (51.1% vs. 20.1%; OR, 4.15; 95% CI, 3.67–4.70). Similar increases were shown in elective GI surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
Enterocutaneous fistula after GI EGS is associated with significantly increased odds of mortality and readmission, with rates continuing to climb out to at least 90 days. Processes of care designed to mitigate risk in this high-risk cohort should be developed.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological Study, Level III.
Duration of viral detection in throat and rectum of a patient with COVID-19
Authors: Van Tan Le , Ngoc Nghiem My , Ton That Bui Thi , Tam Uyen Le Thi , Thu Hong Nguyen Thi , Phuong Dung Nguyen Thi , Truc Nhu Le Nguyen , Thanh Tran Tan , Huy Man Dinh Nguyen , Thanh Phong Nguyen , Hien Tran Tinh , Truong Nguyen Thanh , Thwaites Guy , Van Vinh Chau Nguyen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises concern about a global pandemic. Knowledge about the duration of viral shedding remains important for patient management and infection control. We report the duration of viral detection in throat and rectum of a COVID-19 patient treated at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Despite clinical recovery, SARS-CoV-2 RNA remained detectable by real time RT-PCR in throat and rectal swabs until day 11 and 18 of hospitalization, respectively. Because live SARS-CoV-2 has been successfully isolated from a stool sample from a COVID-19 patient in China, the results demonstrate that COVID-19 patients may remain infectious for long periods, and fecal-oral transmission may be possible. Therefore, our finding has important implications for infection control.
Clinical features and outcomes of 2019 novel coronavirus–infected patients with cardiac injury
Authors: Liu Youbin , Li Jinglong , Liu Dehui , Song Huafeng , Chen Chunlin , Lv Mingfang , Pei Xing , Qin Zhihui , Hu Zhongwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore the epidemiological and clinical features of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)-infected patients with cardiac injury.Methods and resultsData were collected from patients’ medical records, and we defined cardiac injury according to cardiac biomarker troponin I level > 0.03 μg/L. Among the 291 patients, 15 (5.2%) showed evidence of cardiac injury. Of 15 hospitalized patients with cardiac injury, the median age was 65 years, and 11/15 (73.3%) were men. Underlying cardiovascular diseases in some patients were hypertension (n=7, 46.7%), coronary heart disease (n=3, 20%) and diabetes (n=3, 20%). The most common symptoms at illness onset in patients with cardiac injury were fever (n=11, 73.3%), cough (n=7, 46.7%), headache or fatigue (n=5, 33.3%) and dyspnea (n=4, 26.7%). These patients had higher systolic pressures, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, troponin I, brain natriuretic peptide, D-dimer and lower lymphocyte count, and platelet count, compared with patients without cardiac injury, respectively. Bilateral infiltrates on chest X-ray and elevated C-reactive protein occurred in all patients with cardiac injury. Compared with patients without cardiac injury, patients with cardiac injury were more likely to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome, and receive mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and vasopressor therapy and be admitted to the intensive care unit.ConclusionCardiac injury is a common condition among patients infected with 2019-nCoV. Compared with patients without cardiac injury, the clinical outcomes of patients with cardiac injury are relatively worse.
Generalized logistic growth modeling of the COVID-19 outbreak in 29 provinces in China and in the rest of the world
Authors: Wu Ke , Darcet Didier , Wang Qian , Sornette Didier 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundthe COVID-19 has been successfully contained in China but is spreading all over the world. We use phenomenological models to dissect the development of the epidemics in China and the impact of the drastic control measures both at the aggregate level and within each province. We use the experience from China to analyze the calibration results on Japan, South Korea, Iran, Italy and Europe, and make future scenario projections.Methodswe calibrate the logistic growth model, the generalized logistic growth model, the generalized growth model and the generalized Richards model to the reported number of infected cases from Jan. 19 to March 10 for the whole of China, 29 provinces in China, four severely affected countries and Europe as a whole. The different models provide upper and lower bounds of our scenario predictions.ResultsWe quantitatively document four phases of the outbreak in China with a detailed analysis on the heterogenous situations across provinces. Based on Chinese experience, we identify a high risk in Japan with estimated total confirmed cases as of March 25 being 1574 (95% CI: [880, 2372]), and 5669 (95% CI: [988, 11340]) by June. For South Korea, we expect the number of infected cases to approach the ceiling, 7928 (95% CI: [6341, 9754]), in 20 days. We estimate 0.15% (95% CI: [0.03%, 0.30%]) of Italian population to be infected in a positive scenario. We would expect 114867 people infected in Europe in 10 days, in a negative but probable scenario, corresponding to 0.015% European population.ConclusionsThe extreme containment measures implemented by China were very effective with some instructive variations across provinces. For other countries, it is almost inevitable to see the continuation of the outbreak in the coming months. Japan and Italy are in serious situations with no short-term end to the outbreak to be expected. There is a significant risk concerning the upcoming July 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Iran’s situation is highly uncertain with unclear and negative future scenarios, while South Korea is approaching the end of the outbreak. Both Europe and the USA are at early stages of the outbreak, posing significant health and economic risks to the world in absence of serious measures.
Improving prognosis of surrogate assay for breast cancer patients by absolute quantitation of Ki67 protein levels using Quantitative Dot Blot (QDB) method
Authors: Hao Junmei , Lv Yan , Zou Jiarui , Zhang Yunyun , Xie Shuishan , Jing Lili , Tang Fangrong , Lv Jiahong , Wang Xunting , Zhang Jiandi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeThe separation of Luminal A-like from Luminal B-like breast cancer subtypes in surrogate assay relies on Ki67 scores assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), a method known to be associated with subjectivity and inconsistency. We attempted to measure Ki67 levels absolutely, quantitatively and objectively in Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) specimens, and evaluate its influence on the performance of surrogate assay for breast cancer patients.MethodsThe Ki67 protein levels were assessed using both IHC and Quantitative Dot Blot (QDB) methods respectively in 253 specimens. These patients were assigned into Luminal A-like and Luminal B-like subtypes using either Ki67 score of 14% as cutoff in surrogate assay, or 2.31 nmole/g from QDB method as cutoff in adjusted surrogate assay. These two subtyping methods were compared with the Kaplan-Meier, univariate and multivariate survival analyses of the overall survival (OS) of Luminal-like patients.ResultsKi67 levels measured using QDB method was highly correlated with those by IHC analysis (r=0.7, p<0.0001). The survival prediction for Luminal A-like patients was improved significantly in adjusted surrogate assay than surrogate assay (p=0.03 vs p<0.00052). The prediction of Hazard Ratio (HR) was also improve from 2.14 (95%CI: 0.89-5.11, p=0.087) to 6.89 (95%CI: 2.66-17.84, p<0.00001) in multivariate survival analysis.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that the inherent subjectivity and inconsistency associated with IHC analysis has adverse effect on the performance of surrogate assay.This issue can be improved by objective and quantitative measurement of Ki67 levels with QDB method in daily clinical practice.
Molecular landscape of pelvic organ prolapse provides insights into disease etiology and clues towards putative novel treatments
Authors: Kluivers Kirsten B. , Lince Sabrina L. , Ruiz-Zapata Alejandra M. , Cartwright Rufus , Kerkhof Manon H. , Widomska Joanna , De Witte Ward , Post Wilke M. , Pecanka Jakub , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Vermeulen Sita H. , Goeman Jelle J. , Allen-Brady Kristina , Oosterwijk Egbert , Poelmans Geert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPelvic organ prolapse (POP) represents a major health care burden in women but its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have not been elucidated.ObjectiveTo integrate the results from a large scale exome chip study with published genetic and expression data into a molecular landscape of POP.Design, setting, and participantsThe exome chip study was conducted in 526 women with POP and 960 healthy controls. To corroborate the findings, we analysed differential gene expression data from 12 POP patients. Vaginal fibroblasts from 4 women with POP were used to test the effect of the anti-diabetic drug metformin.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisThe exome chip study used a case-control design to identify single nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with POP after Bonferroni correction. The molecular landscape was built using the UniProt and PubMed databases to identify functional interactions between the POP candidate genes/proteins. We performed enrichment and upstream regulator analyses of the differentially expressed genes. The effect of metformin in fibroblasts was assessed using one-sample t-test.Results and limitationsWe found significant association between POP and SNVs in 54 genes. The proteins encoded by 26 of these genes fit into a molecular landscape, together with 37 other POP candidate molecules and two POP-implicated microRNAs. This landscape is located in and around epithelial cells and fibroblasts of the urogenital tract and harbors four interacting biological processes - epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune response, modulation of the extracellular matrix, and fibroblast function - that are regulated by sex hormones and TGFB1. Based on the landscape, we predicted and showed that metformin alters gene expression in fibroblasts of POP patients in a beneficial direction. The main limitation of our study is that we have no independent replication of the exome chip results.ConclusionsThe integrated molecular landscape of POP that we built provides insights into the biological processes underlying the disease and clues towards novel treatments.Patient summaryWe reported the first exome chip study of POP and combined the genes identified in this study with other data from the literature to build a ‘molecular landscape’ of POP. This landscape will advance our understanding of the disease and may lead to novel treatments.
Ocular manifestations and clinical characteristics of 534 cases of COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Liwen , Deng Chaohua , Chen Xuhui , Zhang Xian , Chen Bo , Yu Huimin , Qin Yuanjun , Xiao Ke , Zhang Hong , Sun Xufang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and is now pandemic all over the world. Previous study has reported several COVID-19 cases with conjunctivitis. However, the complete profiling of COVID-19 related ocular symptoms and diseases are still missing. We aim to investigate the ocular manifestations and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients.MethodsA total of five hundred and thirty-four patients were recruited at Mobile Cabin Hospital and Tongji Hospital. We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, ocular symptoms, systemic concomitant symptoms, eye drop medication, eye protections, radiologic findings, and SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR from questionnaires and electronic medical records.ResultsThe median age of patients was 40 and 50 years at Mobile Cabin Hospital and Tongji Hospital, respectively. Of 534 COVID-19 patients, 25 patients (4.68%) presented with conjunctival congestion and 3 patients had conjunctival congestion as the initial symptom. The average duration of conjunctival congestion was 4.9 ± 2.6 days (mean [SD]), ranging from 2 to 10 days. Dry eye (112, 20.97%), blurred vision (68, 12.73%), and foreign body sensation (63, 11.80%) ranked as the top three COVID-19 related ocular symptoms. Notably, a total of 332 COVID-19 patients (62%) had a hand-eye contact history. We also found that some COVID-19 patients had a history of eye disease, including conjunctivitis (33, 6.18%), dry eye (24, 4.49%), keratitis (14, 2.62%), cataract (9, 1.69%), and diabetic retinopathy (5, 0.94%). In consistent with previous studies, the most common clinical symptoms were fever, cough, and fatigue. Patients, 60.5% in Mobile Cabin Hospital and 67.5% in Tongji Hospital, respectively were confirmed with positive SARS-CoV-2 detection.ConclusionsConjunctival congestion was one of the COVID-19 related ocular symptoms, which may have clinical diagnostic significance. It is essential to provide eye-care equipment and strengthen education on eye protection, as dirty hand-eye contact might be a high risk factor of COVID-19. Further detailed and comprehensive ophthalmological guidance is needed for COVID-19 control.
Calcium-sensing receptor antagonism as a novel therapeutic for pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Wolffs Kasope L. , Mansfield Bethan , Bruce Richard T. , Huang Ping , Schepelmann Martin , Brennan Sarah C , Verckist Line , Adriaensen Dirk , De Araújo Rachel Paes , Mur Luis A.J. , Attanoos Richard , Lewis Keir E. , Ward Jeremy P.T. , Corrigan Christopher J. , Kemp Paul J. , Hope-Gill Benjamin D. , Riccardi Daniela 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with very poor prognosis and no curative therapies. The G protein-coupled, calcium/cation-sensing receptor (CaSR) is activated by environmental pollutants and by arginine-derived polyamines, which are thought to play a role in IPF. Whether the CaSR is involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis is unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the CaSR as a novel drug target for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis (PF).Methods and resultsCaSR protein expression is found in the airway epithelium in the neuroepithelial bodies of the healthy and IPF human lung. Expression of arginine pathway-linked polyamines is increased in PF patient saliva samples compared to non-PF patients. Arginine pathway metabolites, ornithine and spermine, activate the CaSR in primary normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF), effects prevented by CaSR antagonism using the calcilytic NPS2143. In NHLF calcilytic also reversed the pro-fibrotic effects of exogenous TGFβ1 administration on Rho kinase and αSMA expression, proliferation, collagen production and IL-8 secretion. Targeted CaSR ablation from fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells protects mice from spontaneously occurring, age-related lung fibrosis.ConclusionsSustained CaSR activation in the lung drives pro-fibrotic processes, which can be reversed by calcilytic. Pharmacological and genetic CaSR blockade reduce both TGFβ1-induced and naturally occurring pro-fibrotic changes. This work provides the scientific rationale for developing inhaled calcilytics as novel therapeutics for IPF.KEY MESSAGESKey questionHow does the calcium/cation-sensing receptor (CaSR) promote pulmonary fibrosis?Bottom lineThe CaSR is expressed in human IPF and experimental models of PF where receptor inhibition prevents pro-fibrotic changes and pulmonary remodeling.Why read onCaSR blockers, calcilytics, represent a novel treatment for IPF.
Adventurousness cuts both ways: a Mendelian randomization of adventurousness on 10 cognitive and behavioral traits
Authors: Adams Charleen D. , Boutwell Brian B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdventurousness is speculated to improve happiness but also predispose to risky behaviors. Since non-experimental studies can suffer from confounding and reverse causation, and personality traits cannot be randomized, it is challenging to unravel how adventurousness impacts the mind and behavior. Mendelian randomization (MR), a quasi-randomization technique that uses genetic variants as instruments to avoid confounding and reverse causation, is an attractive option in this setting. We used MR to explore self-reported adventurousness and 10 cognitive and behavioral traits. Adventurousness decreased neuroticism and mood swings and increased years of schooling. In contrast, it also predisposed to risky behaviors (increasing the number of lifetime sexual partners, the propensity to speed in an automobile, and lifetime smoking, and decreasing the age of first having sexual intercourse). The results suggest being adventurous “cuts both ways”, evincing bivalent influences and underscoring the reality that trade-offs often accompany many human personality constructs.
Long-term effects of caesarean delivery on health and behavioural outcomes of the mother and child in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md. Nuruzzaman , Rahman Md. Mostafizur , Rahman Md Aminur , Alam Mahmudul , Khan Md. Alam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing rate of unnecessary caesarean section (CS) is now reported worldwide that intensified the occurrence of adverse health outcomes for mother-child dyads. We investigated the association of CS with some basic health and behaviour outcomes of the mother-child dyads in Bangladesh.MethodsWe conducted a community based case-control study from May to August 2019. Total of 600 (300 had CS, and 300 had vaginal delivery (VD)) mother-child dyads were interviewed through a structured questionnaire. Method of delivery was the exposure variable classified as CS and VD. The outcome variables were a group of health and behaviour problems of the mothers and their children. A series of binary logistic regression models were carried out to examine the effects of the exposure variable on outcome variables. Mother’s socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics were adjusted in the models.ResultsThe mean maternal age (±SD) and weight were 25.1 (±5.2) years and 53.1 (±7.2) kilogram, respectively. Higher likelihood of headache, after delivery hip pain, problem of daily activities, and breastfeeding problem were reported among mother had CS in their last birth than VD. Children born through the CS were reported a higher likelihood of breathing problem and frequent illness and a lower likelihood of food demand and sleeping.ConclusionThe occurrence of CS increases the risk of health and behaviour problems among mothers and their children. This suggests the need for polices to avoid unnecessary CS and to increase awareness of adverse effects of CS. Frequent health checkup following CS is also important.
Rapid and direct control of target protein levels with VHL-recruiting dTAG molecules
Authors: Nabet Behnam , Ferguson Fleur M. , Seong Bo Kyung A. , Kuljanin Miljan , Leggett Alan L. , Mohardt Mikaela L. , Robichaud Amanda , Conway Amy S. , Buckley Dennis L. , Mancias Joseph D. , Bradner James E. , Stegmaier Kimberly , Gray Nathanael S. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTChemical biology strategies for directly perturbing protein homeostasis including the degradation tag (dTAG) system provide temporal advantages over genetic approaches and improved selectivity over small molecule inhibitors. We describe dTAGV-1, an exclusively selective VHL-recruiting dTAG molecule, to rapidly degrade FKBP12F36V-tagged proteins. dTAGV-1 overcomes a limitation of previously reported CRBN-recruiting dTAG molecules to degrade recalcitrant oncogenes, supports combination degrader studies and facilitates investigations of protein function in cells and mice.