bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescription patterns of Antibiotics in Acute tonsillitis: Hospital-based study
Authors: Sigdel Brihaspati , Dubey Tulika , Nepali Rajendra , KC Neeraj 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Acute tonsillitis is caused by either viruses or bacteria and is characterized by a sore throat and painful swallowing. About 49% of cases are thought to be caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. Penicillin should be given empirically after the diagnosis of acute tonsillitis. This study was carried out to find out the prescription pattern of antibiotics among the admitted cases of acute tonsillitis.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre (GMCTH), Pokhara. All the patients who were admitted for acute tonsillitis in the ENT ward were enrolled in this study. Age, gender, the average number of drugs per prescription, and the most commonly prescribed drug was recorded.
Results: There were 320 patients with acute tonsillitis and the mean age was 27.44 ± 11.1 years. Most of the cases were in their twenties. The average number of drugs per prescription was four while the total number of antibiotics used was 520. The single antibiotic was used in 170 (53%) cases and a two-drug combination was used in 91(28.4%) cases. Ceftriaxone was the most commonly prescribed drug. There were 78 (24.3%) cases under monotherapy and 69 (21%) in multitherapy.
Conclusion: Among the various effective antimicrobials, ceftriaxone was the most commonly prescribed antimicrobial. The injectable route of antibiotics administration was a widely used method in hospitalized patients in our setting.
Evaluation of agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnosis of subtype of leprosy by skin punch biopsy
Authors: Poudel Suman , Ranabhat Sunita , Pun Gita 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Leprosy is chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Clinically diagnosed cases of leprosy can be evaluated by punch biopsy. It can be classified according to Ridley and Jopling Classification.
Objective: To study the different spectrum of leprosy and its Bacillary Index (BI), evaluate the agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnosis.
Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional retrospective study done for the period of 6 months from January to June 2019. The data were subjected to kappa analysis by using SPSS version 24 to see the agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnosis.
Results: Out of 62 cases of clinically diagnosed cases of leprosy three (4.83%) cases turned out to be other granulomatous diseases. According to Ridley and Jopling classification, clinical and histopathological agreement was seen in 38 (61.29%) cases. Agreement of 100% was seen in Indeterminate leprosy (IL) and Borderline tuberculoid leprosy (BT). The BI was more in Lepromatous leprosy (LL), Borderline lepromatous (BL) whereas IL, BT and Tuberculoid leprosy (TT) showed less BI. Overall there was moderate agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnosis (kappa- 0.505) which was statistically significant (p value <0.05).
Conclusion: There was moderate agreement between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis of subtype of leprosy. The Bacillary load was high in LL whereas least in TT and is determined by immune system.
Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing and Carbapenems Resistance Isolates from Hands of Health Care Workers in a Health Care Setting of Nepal
Authors: Sharma Binita Koirala 
Published: July 2020

Background: Hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) could be colonized by potential drug resistant bacteria like Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producers (ESBLs) and Carbapenems-resistant (CR) isolates and could become vectors of nosocomial pathogens in healthcare facilities that are associated with an increase of morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ESBLs and CR isolates from hands of HCWs with their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.
Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included a total of 150 hand swabs collected from March, 2018 to September, 2018 in Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using standard microbiological procedures.
Results: Among the total isolates of 219 obtained from growth positive samples 92/219(42.01%) were Gram negative bacteria (GNB) and the most common were Klebsiella spp 32(34.78%) followed by Escherichia coli 17(18.48%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa12 (13.04%), Acenetobacter spp 11(11.96%), Proteus spp 9(9.78%), Citrobacter spp 7(7.61%) and Enterobacter spp 4(4.35%). The prevalence of ESBLs, CR and ESBLs with Co-resistant to Carbapenems were 19.56%,14.13% and 9.78%, respectively. The most effective drugs for isolates were Nitrofurantoin followed by Amikacin, Tetracycline and Gentamycin. Distribution pattern of the ESBLs and CR isolates among doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, helpers and basic science faculties were not significant (p>0.05).
Conclusions: This report revealed the emerging and moderately high prevalence of ESBLs, CR and ESBLs with Co-resistant to Carbapenems GNB with their antibiotic susceptibility patterns found on hands of HCWs in Nepal. Thus, this study could be helpful in developing proper guidelines on hand hygiene and implementation of infection control measures including contact precautions against the spread of infections by such pathogens in healthcare settings.
Estimation of ventricles size of human brain by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Nepalese Population: A retrospective study
Authors: Singh Sushma , Sharma Bhoj Raj , Prajapati Urusha , Sharma Pujan , Bhatta Manoj , Paudel Nawaraj 
Published: July 2020

Background and Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides image acquisition of three-dimensional data and measurement in any chosen imaging plane. Objective of this study is to assess the size of ventricles of the brain of normal Nepalese people and establish the range of size of the ventricular system and compute the ventricular dimensions among different age and gender.
Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study done at Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara. A total of 106 MRI scan data of healthy individuals were collected over a period of seven months between March to September 2019. Patients ranged between eight and eighty years of age with 58 males and 48 females. Measurements of the mean of bifrontal diameter (BFD), bihemispheric diameter (BHD), third ventricle transverse dimension (TVTD), fourth ventricle antero-posterior dimension (FVAP), fourth ventricle width (FVW), and frontal horn ratio (FHR) were done.
Result: The mean of BFD, BHD, TVTD, FVAP, FVW, and FHR were found to be 3.05 ± 0.10 cm, 10.11 ± 0.40 cm, 0.43 ± 0.11 cm, 0.90 ± 0.11 cm, 1.22 ± 0.12 cm, and 0.30 ± 0.01 cm, respectively. The mean width of fourth ventricle in males and females was observed to be 1.23 ± 0.12 cm and 1.19 ± 0.11 cm respectively. There was a significant correlation of TVTD, FVAP, FHR and BFD with age with Pearson correlation coefficient 0.393 (P value <0.01), 0.259 (P value <0.01), 0.34 (P value <0.01), and 0.219 (P value <0.05) respectively. However, BHD and FVW have no correlation with age.
Conclusion: Third Ventricle Traverse Dimension, FVP, FVW and FHR show almost similar or slight difference in measurement according to gender. However, BFD shows larger difference in measurement according to gender. Similarly there is no such significant difference according to age in measurement of BFD, BHD, FVAP, FVW and FHR, while TVTD measurement shows slight increased measurement according to age.
Serum Electrolyte in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Acharya Chandra Prasad , Paudel Kalpana 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Though COPD is mainly a chronic disease, many patients experience exacerbations that are related to worst survival outcome, especially with abnormal serum electrolyte level. The objective of this study was to evaluate serum electrolyte levels among the patients with acute exacerbation of COPD.
Methods: Structured questionnaire and patients’ charts were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0 and descriptive statistics were used to generate the research findings.
Results: The mean age of the patients with Acute exacerbation of COPD was 69.57± 9.765 years. Among 100 patients, (83%) belonged to the age group of 60 years and above, (54%) were male, (74%) were married, (52%) were illiterate and (41%) were engaged in agriculture, (41%) consumed alcohol and (67%) were smokers. Dyspnoea (90%) was the most common symptom. The mean level of sodium and potassium were 133.8±4.830 mEq/L, 3.6±0.533 mmol/L, respectively. Fifty seven percent patients had electrolyte disorder. More than half (51%) had hyponatremia and (40%) had hypokalemia. The average value of pH, PaCO2 and PaO2 are 7.34 ± 0.727, 46.64 ± 9.787 mm Hg and 69.38 ± 9.255 mm Hg respectively. Among them, (18%) were in respiratory failure.
Conclusion: This study concluded that hyponatremia and hypokalemia are prevalent electrolyte disorder with AE of COPD patients. Therefore, we recommend routine monitoring of the serum electrolytes for better outcomes of patients.
Attempt to Predict A/T/N-Based Alzheimer’s Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Using a Peripheral Blood DNA Methylation Clock
Authors: Sato Kenichiro , Mano Tatsuo , Suzuki Kazushi , Toda Tatsushi , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Iwata Atsushi ,   for Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2020

Background: Although aging is the strongest risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it remains uncertain if the blood DNA methylation clock, which reflects the effect of biological aging on DNA methylation (DNAme) status of blood cells, may be used as a surrogate biomarker for AD pathology in the central nervous system (CNS). Objective: We aimed to develop a practical model to predict for A/T/N-based AD biomarkers as the prediction targets using the aging acceleration of blood cells. Methods: We obtained data of North American ADNI study participants ( n = 317) whose blood DNA methylation microarray (Illumina HumanMethylation EPIC Beadchips) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers (A β, t-tau, and p-tau) were recorded simultaneously. Methylation clock was calculated to conduct machine learning, in order to predict binary statuses (+ or –) for A (corresponding to the lowered CSF A β), T (the elevated CSF p-tau), or N (the elevated CSF t-tau). The predictive performance of the models was evaluated by area under curve (AUC) in the test subset within ADNI. Results: Among the 317 included samples, 194 (61.2%) were A+, 247 (77.9%) were T+, and 104 (32.8%) were N+. The degree of blood aging acceleration showed weak positive correlation with the CSF A β levels, even after adjustment with APOE genotype and other covariates. However, the contribution of aging acceleration to improve the predictive performance of models was not significant for any of A+, T+, or N+. Conclusion: Our exploratory attempts could not demonstrate the substantial utility of the peripheral blood cells’ methylation clock as a predictor for A/T/N-based CSF biomarkers of AD, and further additional work should be conducted to determine whether the blood DNAme signatures including methylation clock have substantial utility in detecting underlying amyloid, tau or neurodegeneration pathology of AD.
Vaccination Prevented Short-Term Memory Loss, but Deteriorated Long-Term Spatial Memory in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice, Independent of Amyloid-β Pathology
Authors: Oberman Klaske , Gouweleeuw Leonie , Hoogerhout Peter , Eisel Ulrich L.M. , van Riet Elly , Schoemaker Regien G. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Soluble oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ), rather than Aβ plaques, seems to be the culprit in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Accordingly, a new concept vaccine of small cyclic peptide conjugates, selectively targeting oligomeric Aβ, has been developed. Objective: Study the therapeutic potential of this new vaccine in a mouse model for AD. Methods: J20 mice, overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein, were validated for an AD-like phenotype. Then, J20 mice were vaccinated at 2, 3, and 4 months of age and AD phenotype was evaluated at 6, 9, and 12 months of age; or at 9, 10, and 11 months with evaluation at 12 months. Effects on Aβ pathology were studied by plaque load (immunohistochemistry; 6E10) and antibody titers against Aβ (ELISA). AD behavioral phenotype was evaluated by performance in a battery of cognitive tests. Results: J20 mice displayed age-related Aβ plaque development and an AD-like behavioral phenotype. A consistent antibody response to the cyclic peptides was, however, not extended to Aβ, leaving plaque load unaffected. Nevertheless, immunization at young ages prevented working- and short-term spatial memory loss, but deteriorated long-term spatial learning and memory, at 12 months of age. Immunization at later ages did not affect any measured parameter. Conclusion: J20 mice provide a relevant model for AD to study potential anti-Aβ treatment. Early vaccination prevented short-term memory loss at later ages, but deteriorated long-term spatial memory, however without affecting Aβ pathology. Later vaccination had no effects, but optimal timing may require further investigation.
Vibration based energy harvesting system for mobile device charging
Authors: Sarker Mahidur R. , Mohamed Ramizi , Saad Mohamad Hanif Md , Tahir Muhammad , Hussain Aini 
Published: July 2020

Nowadays most of the time humans spend in daily life on mobile phones but the thing that tends to get worried about is battery consumption as they run out quickly. We could not make important jobs such as emergency calls or send important documents when our phone battery runs out. This study represents vibration based sound energy is harvested to charge mobile phones using six piezoelectric sound transducers (PSTs) which converts sound energy to electrical energy. This paper proposed designing a low voltage sound energy harvesting circuit (SEHC) using PSTs. PSTs with SEHC is considered as an alternative power source to charge the smart phone battery, especially for remote area where power is unavailable. The SEHC consists of PSTs, non-controlled bridge rectifier circuit, filter, switch-mode open loop boost converter, charger circuit, and storage device at the output terminal. The complete SEHC has designed and simulated using Matlab Simulink software. The PSTs have been analyzed with different frequency and the output voltage of PSTs utilized as an input source to design SEHC. Finally, the results are generated at an output of 7.8 V DC from an input 1.05 V AC at 314 Hz through a SEHC using the PSTs, which suitable to charge smartphone battery efficiently.
Biomechanical analysis of the treatment of intertrochanteric hip fracture with different lengths of dynamic hip screw side plates
Authors: Wang Cheng-Chi , Lee Cheng-Hung , Chin Ning-Chien , Chen Kun-Hui , Pan Chien-Chou , Su Kuo-Chih 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Dynamic hip screw (DHS) is a common implant used to treat stable-type intertrochanteric hip fractures. There are many factors that can affect the success rate of the surgery, including the length of side plates. It is therefore important to investigate the biomechanical effect of different DHS side plates on bones. OBJECTIVE: In order to reduce the likelihood of an implant failure, the aim of this study was to use finite element analysis (FEA) to investigate and understand the effect of side plates with different lengths in DHS. METHODS: In this FEA study, a 3D model with cortical bone, cancellous bone, side plate, lag screw, and cortical screws to simulate the implantation of DHS with different lengths of side plate (2-hole, 4-hole, and 6-hole) for intertrochanteric hip fractures was constructed. The loading condition was used to simulate the force (400 N) on the femoral head and the stress distribution on the lag screw, side plate, cortical screws, and femur was measured. RESULTS: The highest stress points occured around the region of contact between the screw and the cortical bones. The stress on the femur at the most distal cortical screw was the greatest. The shorter the length of the side plate, the greater the stress on the cortical screws, resulting in an increased stress on the femur surrounding the cortical screws. CONCLUSIONS: The use of DHS with 2-hole side plate may increase the risk of side plate pull-out. The results of this study provide a biomechanical analysis for selection of DHS implant lengths that can be useful for orthopaedic surgeons.
Persepsi Industri Perhotelan Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Mahasiswa Prodi Tata Boga Politeknik Negeri Balikpapan
Authors: Setyawati Ria 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi industri perhotelan di Kota Balikpapan terhadap kesiapan kerja mahasiswa Program Studi Tata Boga Politeknik Negeri Balikpapan yang akan menghadapi dunia kerja nantinya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode statistik deskriptif sederhana. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner kepada responden sebanyak 5 hotel yang digunakan mahasiswa Praktek Kerja Lapangan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang diperoleh ditinjau dari enam variabel untuk mengetahui kesiapan kerja mahasiswa yaitu: persepsi industri perhotelan menyatakan mahasiswa memiliki kesiapan kerja dilihat dari kemampuan mahasiswa berkomunikasi, kemampuan mahasiswa dalam bekerjasama, kemampuan mahasiswa bekerja mandiri, kemampuan mahasiswa dalam berkreatifitas, kemampuan dasar boga mahasiswa dan kemampuan berpenampilan mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan bahan masukan dalam pengembangan Program Studi Tata Boga.
Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas Penyajian Laporan Keuangan di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Padang Panjang
Authors: Fauziati Popi 
Published: July 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of the adoption of Government Accounting Standards and Human Resource Competencies on the quality of the presentation of the Regional Financial Statements within the Government of Kota Padang Panjang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia.. The phenomenon is seen from the findings of the goverment auditors on the Padang Panjang Municipal Government Financial Report. In 2016 there were 14 findings that consisting of 8 findings on Compliance and 6 findings on Internal Control Systems, and in 2017 there were 11 findings consisting of 5 findings on Compliance and 6 findings on Internal Control Systems. As well as dealing with Human Resources Competence, there are still employees who are not / less competent, especially in the financial section in each organization. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, with 100 respondents, but only 50 respondents returned their questionnaires. Hypothesis testing using Multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 16 application tools. The results showed that (1) the Application of Government Accounting Standards has a positive effect on the Quality of the Presentation of Government Financial Statements, (2) Human Resources Competence has a positive effect on the Quality of the Presentation of Government Financial Statements
Pengaruh Keadilan Organisasional terhadap Komitmen Organisasi dengan Mediasi Kepuasan Kerja
Authors: Siregar Zulkifli Musannip Efendi , Syahputra Rizki , Nasution Siti Lam'ah 
Published: July 2020

The business success is inseparable from the role of its human resources. Because it is very necessary employees who have a high commitment to work. This study aims to determine the effect of organizational justice, job satisfaction on organizational commitment. This study will also discuss whether job satisfaction can mediate the relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction. Respondents in this study were employees in the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) industry in Labuhanbatu Regency. We distributed 272 questionnaires and 217 questionnaires were collected. So that the sample in this study were 217 respondents. The collected data is processed using Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that organizational justice can increase employee job satisfaction and also increase employee commitment at work. Job satisfaction can also mediate the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment significantly. It is recommended to increase organizational commitment by increasing employee job satisfaction and also organizational justice.Key Words: Organizational Justice, Job Satisfaction, Organizational CommitmentKemajuan sebuah bisnis tidak terlepas dari peran sumber daya manusianya. Oleh karena sangat diperlukan karyawan yang memiliki komitmen tinggi dalam bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh keadilan organisasional, kepuasan kerja terhadap komitmen organisasi. Penelitian ini juga akan membahas apakah kepuasan kerja dapat memediasi hubungan antara keadilan organisasional terhadap kepuasan kerja. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan pada industri Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu. Peneliti menyebarkan kuisioner sebanyak 272 kuisioner dan berhasil dikumpul sebanyak 217 kuisioner. Sehingga sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 217 responden. Data yang terkumpul diolah dengan menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keadilan organisasional dapat meningkatkan kepuasan kerja karyawan dan juga meningkatkan komitmen karyawan dalam bekerja. Kepuasan kerja juga dapat memediasi hubungan antara keadilan oranisasional terhadap komitmen organisasi secara signifikan. Disarankan agar meningkatkan komitmen organisasi dengan cara meningkaktan kepuasan kerja karyawan dan juga keadilan organisasional. Kata Kunci : Keadilan Oragnisasional, Kepuasan Kerja, Komitmen Organisasi
Implementasi Kebijakan Retribusi Parkir di Tepi Jalan Umum Kota Pangkalpinang
Authors: Saputra Putra Pratama , Safitri Revy 
Published: July 2020

Pergerakan kendaraan yang tinggi di Kota Pangkalpinang menimbulkan kebutuhan ruang parkir yang tidak hanya memenuhi lahan parkir, namun juga menggunakan tepi jalan umum baik yang legal maupun illegal sebagai tempat parkir kendaraan. Penggunaan tepi jalan umum sebagai tempat parkir bila dikelola secara optimal dapat menjadi sumber pendapatan asli daerah melalui retribusi pelayanan parkir di tepi jalan umum. Penerimaan retribusi parkir di Kota Pangkalpinang dinilai belum optimal, sehingga perlu ditinjau implementasi kebijakan retribusi parkir yang telah terlaksana. Produk dari kebijakan yang akan dikaji implementasinya dalam penelitian ini adalah peraturan daerah yang dikeluarkan oleh Pemerintah Kota Pangkalpinang yang berkaitan dengan retribusi parkir di tepi jalan umum. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif melalui teknik wawancara, observasi, dan pengumpulan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini, menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan retribusi parkir di tepi jalan umum Kota Pangkalpinang dinilai belum maksimal, sehingga perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap kebijakan retribusi parkir di tepi jalan umum Kota Pangkalpinang yang ada saat ini agar penerimaan retribusi parkir dapat lebih optimal.