bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Covers Affect Liquid Manure Temperature, Albedo, and Evaporation
Authors: Cluett Jessie R. , VanderZaag Andrew C. , Rennie Timothy , Smith Ward , Gordon Robert J. 
Published: March 2020

HighlightsEvaporation from clear water, manure, and separated liquid manure was 4.6 mm d-1 on average.Straw, foam, geotextile, and roof covers decreased evaporation by 54%, 53%, 31%, and 21%, respectively.Albedo was highest for floating foam covers and lowest for metal roof covers.Straw, foam, and geotextile increased manure temperature compared to uncovered manure. ABSTRACT. Evaporation is a key component of the surface energy budget of liquid manure. Models rely on accurate energy budgets to predict manure temperature, which in turn is used to model temperature-dependent greenhouse gas emissions from liquid manure storages. Due to lack of data, it has been assumed that liquid manure has similar evaporative properties to water; however, this assumption may be inaccurate. Many factors, including manure crusting, covers, and turbidity, are all likely to affect the surface energy budget and the evaporation rate. This experiment investigated the differences in evaporation between eight treatments, including water, dyed water, raw and separated liquid manure, and four commonly used covers (straw, geotextile, foam, and roof), by measuring weekly evaporation. Albedo, surface temperatures, and internal temperatures were also measured to determine treatment effects. Over the 10-week study, no significant difference was found between the evaporation rates of water, raw manure, and separated liquid manure, with an average rate of 4.6 mm d-1. Notably, the raw manure did not form a consistent surface crust, which may explain the similarities in evaporation rates in this study and is unlikely to represent manure with a crust. Overall, covers significantly decreased evaporative losses by between 21% and 54% compared to uncovered raw manure. Average evaporation rates of the covered treatments were 1.9 mm d-1 for straw cover, 2.0 mm d-1 for foam cover, 2.9 mm d-1 for geotextile cover, and 3.4 mm d-1 under a roof cover. Similarities between each treatment and water as well as between the four covered treatments and the uncovered raw manure were found using linear regression on weekly evaporation. Generally, the uncovered treatments were more similar and could be predicted (high R2) by multiple linear regression with environmental variables, while the covered treatments differed more and were not as well predicted (lower R2). Results from this study can help adjust evaporation rates in biophysical models to improve estimates of manure temperature, tank holding capacity, and emission predictions. Keywords: Evaporation, Dairy manure, Liquid manure, Manure covers, Manure management.
Global Water Security: Current Research and Priorities for Action
Authors: Ale Srinivasulu , Harmel R. Daren , Nejadhashemi A. Pouyan , DeJonge Kendall C. , Irmak Suat , Chaubey Indrajeet , Douglas-Mankin Kyle R. 
Published: March 2020

HighlightsWe provide context and perspectives on 13 articles in the Global Water Security collection.Limited irrigation, precision irrigation, and sustainable water resources management were critical themes.The collection emphasizes the need for adopting location-specific technologies to achieve global water security.Advances in data acquisition, data analysis, and modeling should be utilized to aid managing water resources. Abstract. This article introduces the Global Water Security collection in this issue of Transactions of the ASABE and issue 36(1) of Applied Engineering in Agriculture. Researchers, educators, industry partners, agricultural producers, and policymakers from 19 countries met at Hyderabad, India, to discuss critical issues and advancements at the Global Water Security Conference for Agriculture and Natural Resources. The conference was organized jointly by ASABE and the Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers (ISAE). This special collection consists of 13 articles selected from the 245 meeting presentations as well as invited articles. A perspectives article in this collection summarizes seven key priorities identified for action at the conference: reduce food waste, increase wastewater reuse, increase agricultural resiliency and efficiency, optimize irrigation efficiency and increase crop water productivity, improve water supply management, improve water resource infrastructure, and enhance water resource decision-making and policy formulation. The remaining 12 articles address a wide range of water security topics grouped by four themes: sustainable management of water resources (3 articles), limited irrigation for water conservation (5 articles), precision irrigation management (2 articles), and water management in hilly regions (2 articles). While these articles are not inclusive of all water security challenges in the agriculture and natural resources sectors, they highlight selected important challenges and potential solutions. The research presented in this special collection emphasizes the importance of developing and using appropriate location-specific technologies that increase water application efficiency and water use efficiency while maintaining adequate water supplies for natural resource functions and ecosystem services to ensure global water security. Keywords: Climate change, Crop water productivity, Food security, Irrigation efficiency, Natural resource policy, Wastewater reuse, Water resource infrastructure, Water scarcity.
Efficient solar-blind ultraviolet detection based on a Sn2+ ion-activated fluosilicate glass
Authors: Zheng Ruilin , Xu Kai , Ding Jianyong , Gao Yongjin , Feng Qidong , Chen Xuan , Fu Lili , Wei Wei 
Published: March 2020

As an effective method to improve the sensitivity of detection, spectral conversion technology has been widely used in solar-blind ultraviolet communication (UVC). However, producing a spectral converter with high efficiency, short decay lifetime, and excellent stability in the field of UVC detection remains an outstanding challenge. In this Letter, a kind of

S
n

2
+

activated fluosilicate (SFS) glass as a spectral converter for UVC detection has been prepared, which has a short lifetime (5.65 µs) and a high quantum efficiency (85%). The SFS decorated Si-based PIN photodiode enables strong absorption and subtly UVC shifts to an emission band optimized for the detector. Moreover, the outstanding performance of detection with responsivity of 27 µA/mW@278 nm, frequency limit up to 50 KHz, and rise/fall time scale of 15.14/18.71 µs@10 KHz is achieved. The comprehensive performance shows that SFS glass has the potential for efficient UVC detection in a scalable and low-cost strategy.
Circular photocurrent in the carbon nanowall film
Authors: Zonov R. G. , Mikheev G. M. , Obraztsov A. N. , Svirko Yu. P. 
Published: March 2020

We report the helicity-dependent photocurrent in the carbon nanowall film synthesized on the silicon substrates by the chemical vapor deposition technique. The film is composed of multilayer graphene flakes grown along the substrate normal. We measured the transverse photocurrent generated in the film under irradiation with nanosecond laser pulses by depositing two conductive electrodes along the plane of incidence. The measurements were performed by using elliptically polarized fundamental, second-, third-, and fourth-harmonics beams of the Nd:YAG laser. We revealed that the shorter the excitation wavelength, the higher the magnitude of the helicity-dependent transverse photocurrent generated in the film. In particular, at wavelengths of 266 and 355 nm, the photocurrent strongly depends on the degree of the circular polarization of the laser beam while, at the wavelength of 1064 nm, the transverse photocurrent is almost helicity independent.
Direct femtosecond laser surface structuring with complex light beams generated by q-plates
Authors: Nivas Jijil JJ , Allahyari Elaheh , Amoruso Salvatore 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Direct femtosecond (fs) laser surface structuring became a versatile way to generate surface structures on solid targets demonstrating a high degree of flexibility and controllability in creating different types of structures for many applications. This approach demonstrated an alteration in various properties of the surface, such as optical properties, wetting response, etc. This paper focuses on direct fs laser surface structuring using complex light beams with spatially variant distribution of the polarization and fluence, with emphasis on the results obtained by the authors by exploiting q-plate beam converters. Although striking scientific findings were achieved so far, direct fs laser processing with complex light fields is still a novel research field, and new exciting findings are likely to appear on its horizon.
A case report of a pregnant woman diagnosed with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) complicated by opioid tolerance
Authors: Grubman Olivia , Taylor Dyese , Rayapudi Madhavi , Brustman Lois 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare form of cancer that has a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate for localized disease of approximately 15%.

Case presentation
This is a report of a case of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) diagnosed in pregnancy in a patient with an opioid use disorder. The patient is a 37-year-old G7P2042 who presented at 29 weeks of gestation with acute right upper quadrant pain along with jaundince, and changes to her urine and stool. Her workup revealed CC, a rare diagnosis in pregnancy. Approximately 6 months after the diagnosis of ICC the patient died.

Conclusion
Along with the management of this cancer in pregnancy, this case was further complicated by opioid tolerance and the difficulty in controlling the patient’s pain in pregnancy.
Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 probiotic does not alter the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin
Authors: Selig Daniel J. , DeLuca Jesse P. , Li Qigui , Lin Hsiuling , Nguyen Ken , Scott Shaylyn M. , Sousa Jason C. , Vuong Chau T. , Xie Lisa H. , Livezey Jeffrey R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Probiotics are live microbial organisms that provide benefit to the host while co-habitating in the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics are safe, available over the counter, and have clinical benefit by reducing the number of antibiotic-associated diarrhea days. Prescriptions from providers and direct consumer demand of probiotics appear to be on the rise. Several recent animal studies have demonstrated that probiotics may have significant effect on absorption of co-administered drugs. However, to date, most probiotic-drug interaction studies in animal models have been limited to bacterial probiotics and nonantibiotic drugs.

Methods
We performed a traditional pharmacokinetic mouse study examining the interactions between a common commercially available yeast probiotic, Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (Florastor®) and an orally administered amoxicillin.

Results
We showed that there were no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters (half-life, area under the curve, peak concentrations, time to reach maximum concentration, elimination rate constant) of amoxicillin between the probiotic treated and untreated control groups.

Conclusions
Altogether, our findings suggest that coadministration or concurrent use of S. boulardii probiotic and amoxicillin would not likely alter the efficacy of amoxicillin therapy.
Anti-inflammatory potential of chia seeds oil and mucilage against adjuvant-induced arthritis in obese and non-obese rats
Authors: Mohamed Doha A. , Mohamed Rasha S. , Fouda Karem 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Natural anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals may be useful in suppressing the incessant aggravation of rheumatoid arthritis. Chia seeds as a natural source of antioxidants help prevent several oxidative stress-mediated diseases. The current study was focused on arthritis combined with obesity and evaluated the validation of oil and mucilage extracted from chia seeds as anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals in obese and non-obese adjuvant arthritic rat model.

Methods
Chia seeds oil was extracted by pressing method, whereas the mucilage was extracted using water (50 °C for 30 min). Oil and freeze-dried mucilage were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects using 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Obesity was developed in rats after 8 weeks of feeding on high-fat high-sucrose diet; on the first day of the ninth week, chia seeds oil and mucilage were administrated for 21 days, and arthritis was induced either in obese or non-obese rats via the injection with Freund’s complete adjuvant. Swelling of the paw was then measured. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), lipid profile, liver and kidney functions, serum lipid peroxidation, and erythrocyte catalase activity were determined.

Results
Results emphasized that arthritis with obesity resulted in the elevation of the swelling of the paw, TNF-α, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Chia seeds oil and mucilage, more promisingly the oil, attenuated TNF-α and the swelling of the paw, improved lipid profile, and diminished the oxidative stress both in obese and non-obese arthritic rats.

Conclusions
Results showed that chia seeds oil and mucilage exhibited anti-inflammatory effects against adjuvant-induced arthritis in obese and non-obese rats.
The synthesis and crystal structure of ethyl (E)-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-((2-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-4-((trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, C22H15N3Cl2F6O4S
Authors: Chen Lianqing , Zhang Long , Tang Chenglong , Wu Zhongda 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
C22H15N3Cl2F6O4S, monoclinic, P1̄ (no. 14), a = 13.6099(10) Å, b = 12.0571(9) Å, c = 16.2351(13) Å, α = 90°, β = 112.714(2)°, γ = 90°, V = 1146.7(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0419, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1087, T = 173 K.
Design Considerations of Efficient Photo-Electrosynthetic Cells and its Realization Using Buried Junction Si Thin Film Multi Absorber Cells
Authors: Jaegermann Wolfram , Kaiser Bernhard , Finger Friedhelm , Smirnov Vladimir , Schäfer Rolf 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs is obvious from previous work on semiconductor photoelectrochemistry, single junction semiconductors do not provide either the required maximum photovoltage or a high photocurrent for solar water splitting, which is required for efficient stand-alone devices. From these experiences we conclude, that multi-junction devices must be developed for bias-free water splitting. In this article we present our design considerations needed for the development of efficient photo-electro-synthetic cells, which have guided us during the DFG priority program 1613. At first, we discuss the fundamental requirements, which must be fulfilled to lead to effective solar water splitting devices. Buried junction and photoelectrochemical arrangements are compared. It will become clear, that the photovoltaic (PV) and electrochemical (EC) components can be optimized separately, but that maximized conversion efficiencies need photovoltages produced in the photovoltaic part of the device, which are adapted to the electrochemical performance of the electrolyzer components without energetic losses in their coupling across the involved interfaces. Therefore, in part 2 we will present the needs to develop appropriate interface engineering layers for proper chemical and electronic surface passivation. In addition, highly efficient electrocatalysts, either for the hydrogen or oxygen evolution reaction (HER, OER), must be adjusted in their energetic coupling to the semiconductor band edges and to the redox potentials in the electrolyte with minimized losses in the chemical potentials. The third part of our paper describes at first the demands and achievements on developing multijunction thin-film silicon solar cells. With different arrangements of silicon stacks a wide range of photovoltages and photocurrents can be provided. These solar cells are applied as photocathodes in integrated directly coupled PV-EC devices. For this purpose thin Pt and Ni catalyst layers are used on top of the solar cells for the HER and a wire connected RuO2counter electrode is used for the OER. Electrochemical stability has been successfully tested for up to 10,000 s in 0.1 M KOH. Furthermore, we will illustrate our experimental results on interface engineering strategies using TiO2as buffer layer and Pt nanostructures as HER catalyst. Based on the obtained results the observed improvements, but also the still given limitations, can be related to clearly identified non-idealities in surface engineering either related to recombination losses at the semiconductor surface reducing photocurrents or due to not properly-aligned energy states leading to potential losses across the interfaces.
A New Method to Measure Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) Golf Course Putting Green Ball Roll Uniformity
Authors: Reasor Eric H. , Brosnan James T. , Woods Micah S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The golf industry has a $170 billion economic impact in the United States, and a vital aspect of the sport is golf course putting green performance. The goal of putting green management is to provide a surface on which a golf ball is rolled uniformly while maintaining acceptable yearlong turfgrass quality. Several devices have been developed to quantify golf ball roll dynamics on putting greens; however, there are limited methods to measure putting green ball roll uniformity. The objective of this research was to assess putting green ball roll uniformity by measuring the dispersion of golf balls released from a modified Perfect Putter device. The Perfect Putter is a lightweight and portable ramped device that was modified to include a fixed hinge to minimize human error associated with golf ball release and a wider base for increased stability. Our method for quantifying ball roll uniformity was as follows: 20 golf balls were released from the device and marked individually. Dispersion length was quantified by measuring the maximum linear distance between two marks parallel to the roll line, whereas dispersion width was quantified by measuring the maximum linear distance between two marks perpendicular to the roll line. These two values were multiplied together to calculate the area of golf ball dispersion. This method measured a range of dispersion areas among geographic locations, turfgrass cultivars, and turfgrass canopy heights. This rapid test of putting surface ball roll uniformity has potential to aid bermudagrass turfgrass managers in maximizing putting green playability.
Paired Associative Stimulation Fails to Induce Plasticity in Freely Behaving Intact Rats
Authors: Ting Windsor Kwan-Chun , Huot-Lavoie Maxime , Ethier Christian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPaired associative stimulation (PAS) has been explored in humans as a noninvasive tool to drive plasticity and promote recovery after neurologic insult. A more thorough understanding of PAS-induced plasticity is needed to fully harness it as a clinical tool. Here, we tested the efficacy of PAS with multiple interstimulus intervals in an awake rat model to study the principles of associative plasticity. Using chronically implanted electrodes in motor cortex and forelimb, we explored PAS parameters to effectively drive plasticity. We assessed changes in corticomotor excitability using a closed-loop, EMG-controlled cortical stimulation paradigm. We tested 11 PAS intervals, chosen to force the coincidence of neuronal activity in the motor cortex and spinal cord of rats with timings relevant to the principles of Hebbian spike timing-dependent plasticity. However, despite a relatively large number of stimulus pairings (300), none of the tested intervals reliably changed corticospinal excitability relative to control conditions. Our results question PAS effectiveness under these conditions.
Normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to a novel GNRH1 variant in two siblings
Authors: Sagi Satyanarayana V , Joshi Hareesh , Whiles Emily , Hikmat Mondy , Puthi Vijith R , MacDougall Jane , Spiden Sarah L , Fuller Gavin , Park Soo-Mi , Oyibo Samson O 
Published: March 2020

Summary
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is characterised by insufficient secretion of pituitary gonadotropins resulting in delayed puberty, anovulation and azoospermia. When hypogonadotropic hypogonadism occurs in the absence of structural or functional lesions of the hypothalamic or pituitary gland, the hypogonadism is defined as idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). This is a rare genetic disorder caused by a defect in the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH) by the hypothalamus or a defect in the action of GNRH on the pituitary gland. Up to 50% of IHH cases have identifiable pathogenic variants in the currently known genes. Pathogenic variants in the GNRHR gene encoding the GNRH receptor are a relatively common cause of normosmic IHH, but reports of pathogenic variants in GNRH1 encoding GNRH are exceedingly rare. We present a case of two siblings born to consanguineous parents who were found to have normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to homozygosity of a novel loss-of function variant in GNRH1. Case 1 is a male who presented at the age of 17 years with delayed puberty and under-virilised genitalia. Case 2 is a female who presented at the age of 16 years with delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea.

Learning points:

IHH is a genetically heterogeneous disorder which can be caused by pathogenic variants affecting proteins involved in the pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone release, action, or both.

Currently known genetic defects account for up to 50% of all IHH cases.

GNRH1 pathogenic variants are a rare cause of normosmic IHH.

IHH is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations.

IHH can be challenging to diagnose, particularly when attempting to differentiate it from constitutional delay of puberty.

Early diagnosis and gonadotrophin therapy can prevent negative physical sequelae and mitigate psychological distress with the restoration of puberty and fertility in affected individuals.
Species-Specific Duplication Event Associated with Elevated Levels of Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Brenton Zachary W , Juengst Brendon T , Cooper Elizabeth A , Myers Matthew T , Jordan Kathleen E , Dale Savanah M , Glaubitz Jeffrey C , Wang Xiaoyun , Boyles Richard E , Connolly Erin L , Kresovich Stephen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Simple sugars are the essential foundation to plant life, and thus, their production, utilization, and storage are highly regulated processes with many complex genetic controls. Despite their importance, many of the genetic and biochemical mechanisms remain unknown or uncharacterized. Sorghum, a highly productive, diverse C4 grass important for both industrial and subsistence agricultural systems, has considerable phenotypic diversity in the accumulation of nonstructural sugars in the stem. We use this crop species to examine the genetic controls of high levels of sugar accumulation, identify genetic mechanisms for the accumulation of nonstructural sugars, and link carbon allocation with iron transport. We identify a species-specific tandem duplication event controlling sugar accumulation using genome-wide association analysis, characterize multiple allelic variants causing increased sugar content, and provide further evidence of a putative neofunctionalization event conferring adaptability in Sorghum bicolor. Comparative genomics indicate that this event is unique to sorghum which may further elucidate evolutionary mechanisms for adaptation and divergence within the Poaceae. Furthermore, the identification and characterization of this event was only possible with the continued advancement and improvement of the reference genome. The characterization of this region and the process in which it was discovered serve as a reminder that any reference genome is imperfect and is in need of continual improvement.