bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spill-in counts in the quantification of 18F-florbetapir on Aβ-negative subjects: the effect of including white matter in the reference region
Authors:   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, López-González Francisco Javier , Moscoso Alexis , Efthimiou Nikos , Fernández-Ferreiro Anxo , Piñeiro-Fiel Manuel , Archibald Stephen J. , Aguiar Pablo , Silva-Rodríguez Jesús 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe aim to provide a systematic study of the impact of white matter (WM) spill-in on the calculation of standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) on Aβ-negative subjects, and we study the effect of including WM in the reference region as a compensation. In addition, different partial volume correction (PVC) methods are applied and evaluated.MethodsWe evaluated magnetic resonance imaging and18F-AV-45 positron emission tomography data from 122 cognitively normal (CN) patients recruited at the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Cortex SUVRs were obtained by using the cerebellar grey matter (CGM) (SUVRCGM) and the whole cerebellum (SUVRWC) as reference regions. The correlations between the different SUVRs and the WM uptake (WM-SUVRCGM) were studied in patients, and in a well-controlled framework based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Activity maps for the MC simulation were derived from ADNI patients by using a voxel-wise iterative process (BrainViset). Ten WM uptakes covering the spectrum of WM values obtained from patient data were simulated for different patients. Three different PVC methods were tested (a) the regional voxel-based (RBV), (b) the iterative Yang (iY), and (c) a simplified analytical correction derived from our MC simulation.ResultsWM-SUVRCGMfollowed a normal distribution with an average of 1.79 and a standard deviation of 0.243 (13.6%). SUVRCGMwas linearly correlated to WM-SUVRCGM(r= 0.82, linear fit slope = 0.28). SUVRWCwas linearly correlated to WM-SUVRCGM(r= 0.64, linear fit slope = 0.13). Our MC results showed that these correlations are compatible with those produced by isolated spill-in effect (slopes of 0.23 and 0.11). The impact of the spill-in was mitigated by using PVC for SUVRCGM(slopes of 0.06 and 0.07 for iY and RBV), while SUVRWCshowed a negative correlation with SUVRCGMafter PVC. The proposed analytical correction also reduced the observed correlations when applied to patient data (r= 0.27 for SUVRCGM,r= 0.18 for SUVRWC).ConclusionsThere is a high correlation between WM uptake and the measured SUVR due to spill-in effect, and that this effect is reduced when including WM in the reference region. We also evaluated the performance of PVC, and we proposed an analytical correction that can be applied to preprocessed data.
Cosmological N-body simulations: a challenge for scalable generative models
Authors: Perraudin Nathanaël , Srivastava Ankit , Lucchi Aurelien , Kacprzak Tomasz , Hofmann Thomas , Réfrégier Alexandre 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDeep generative models, such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) or Variational Autoencoders (VAs) have been demonstrated to produce images of high visual quality. However, the existing hardware on which these models are trained severely limits the size of the images that can be generated. The rapid growth of high dimensional data in many fields of science therefore poses a significant challenge for generative models. In cosmology, the large-scale, three-dimensional matter distribution, modeled with N-body simulations, plays a crucial role in understanding the evolution of structures in the universe. As these simulations are computationally very expensive, GANs have recently generated interest as a possible method to emulate these datasets, but they have been, so far, mostly limited to two dimensional data. In this work, we introduce a new benchmark for the generation of three dimensional N-body simulations, in order to stimulate new ideas in the machine learning community and move closer to the practical use of generative models in cosmology. As a first benchmark result, we propose a scalable GAN approach for training a generator of N-body three-dimensional cubes. Our technique relies on two key building blocks, (i) splitting the generation of the high-dimensional data into smaller parts, and (ii) using a multi-scale approach that efficiently captures global image features that might otherwise be lost in the splitting process. We evaluate the performance of our model for the generation of N-body samples using various statistical measures commonly used in cosmology. Our results show that the proposed model produces samples of high visual quality, although the statistical analysis reveals that capturing rare features in the data poses significant problems for the generative models. We make the data, quality evaluation routines, and the proposed GAN architecture publicly available at https://github.com/nperraud/3DcosmoGAN.
Mepivacaine-induced anaphylactic shock in a pregnant woman undergoing combined spinal and epidural anesthesia for cesarean delivery: a case report
Authors: Takahashi Miyuki , Hotta Kunihisa , Inoue Soichiro , Takazawa Tomonori , Horiuchi Tatsuo , Igarashi Takashi , Takeuchi Mamoru 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Anaphylactic shock during pregnancy is a rare but life-threatening event for both the mother and the newborn.

Case presentation
A 42-year-old woman, who was pregnant with twins, was scheduled for cesarean delivery under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia. An epidural catheter was placed uneventfully. After spinal anesthesia, the patient exhibited skin symptoms and severe hypotension. The patient was diagnosed with anaphylaxis, and subsequently, treatment was started. Fetal heart rate monitoring revealed sustained bradycardia, and it was decided to proceed with cesarean delivery. After delivery, the mother’s vital signs recovered. Both infants were intubated due to birth asphyxia. Currently, the twins are 4 years old and exhibit no developmental problems. Clinical examination identified mepivacaine as the causative agent of anaphylaxis.

Conclusions
This case report highlights that upon occurrence of anaphylaxis during pregnancy, maternal treatment and fetal assessment should be started immediately. Indication for immediate cesarean delivery should be considered and a definite identification of the causative factor pursued.
Design and validation of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for the nutritional evaluation of food intake in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: García Rodríguez María , Romero Saldaña Manuel , Alcaide Leyva José Manuel , Moreno Rojas Rafael , Molina Recio Guillermo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are dietary surveys widely used in studies of nutritional epidemiology because they are inexpensive, easy to complete and provide significant information on dietary intake over a long period of time. FFQs should be written specifically for each study group since diet may be influenced by ethnicity, culture, economic status and environmental factors. The aim of the authors on this work was to design and validate a food frequency questionnaire for the Peruvian Amazon population.

Methods
Three hundred three individuals were selected and completed three 24-h recalls (R24). Two FFQs were conducted on two different occasions (FFQ.1 and FFQ.2). The validity of the FFQ was evaluated by comparing the relationship between the average daily nutrient intake estimated by the FFQs and that obtained by the three R24. The reproducibility was measured by comparing the mean nutrient intake of the two FFQs carried out. The correlations were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the Lin correlation coefficient (CCC) and the Bland–Altman plot.

Results
The results obtained to establish the validity showed a high correlation, with an average Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.70, a CCI of 0.65 and a CCC of 0.60. Approximately 60% of the nutrients had a CCC above 0.60. In terms of reproducibility, better results were obtained, with an average Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.67, 0.64 for CCI and 0.58 for CCC.

Conclusions
The correlation coefficients show good validity and reproducibility, and therefore, the FFQ we have developed may be considered a useful and valid tool to estimate the dietary intake of the Peruvian Amazon population.
Can a relational mindset boost analogical retrieval?
Authors: Goldwater Micah B. , Jamrozik Anja 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Memory retrieval is driven by similarity between a present situation and some prior experience, but not all similarity is created equal. Analogical retrieval, rooted in the similarity between two situations in their underlying structural relations, is often responsible for new insights and innovative solutions to problems. However, superficial similarity is instead more likely to drive spontaneous retrieval. How can we make analogical retrieval more likely? Inducing a relational mindset via an analogical reasoning task has previously been shown to boost subsequent relational thinking. In this paper, we examined whether inducing a relational mindset could also boost analogical retrieval.

Results
We find that a relational mindset can increase analogical retrieval if induced before information is encoded in the first place, amplifying the effect of a clearly labelled relational structure. On the other hand, inducing a relational mindset at the time of retrieval did not increase analogical retrieval.

Conclusion
This work further demonstrates the central importance of high-quality relational encoding for subsequent relation-based analogical retrieval, and that inducing a relational mindset can improve those encodings.
Learning hierarchically organized science categories: simultaneous instruction at the high and subtype levels
Authors: Nosofsky Robert M. , Slaughter Colin , McDaniel Mark A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Most science categories are hierarchically organized, with various high-level divisions comprising numerous subtypes. If we suppose that one’s goal is to teach students to classify at the high level, past research has provided mixed evidence about whether an effective strategy is to require simultaneous classification learning of the subtypes. This past research was limited, however, either because authentic science categories were not tested, or because the procedures did not allow participants to form strong associations between subtype-level and high-level category names. Here we investigate a two-stage response-training procedure in which participants provide both a high-level and subtype-level response on most trials, with feedback provided at both levels. The procedure is tested in experiments in which participants learn to classify large sets of rocks that are representative of those taught in geoscience classes.

Results
The two-stage procedure yielded high-level classification performance that was as good as the performance of comparison groups who were trained solely at the high level. In addition, the two-stage group achieved far greater knowledge of the hierarchical structure of the categories than did the comparison controls.

Conclusion
In settings in which students are tasked with learning high-level names for rock types that are commonly taught in geoscience classes, it is best for students to learn simultaneously at the high and subtype levels (using training techniques similar to the presently investigated one). Beyond providing insights into the nature of category learning and representation, these findings have practical significance for improving science education.
Distribution and recombination of Wolbachia endosymbionts in Korean coleopteran insects
Authors: Jeong Gilsang , Han Taeman , Park Haechul , Park Soyeon , Noh Pureum 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Wolbachia are among the most prevalent endosymbiotic bacteria and induce reproductive anomalies in various invertebrate taxa. The bacterium has huge impacts on host reproductive biology, immunity, evolution, and molecular machinery. However, broad-scale surveys of Wolbachia infections at the order scale, including the order Coleoptera, are limited. In this study, we investigated the Wolbachia infection frequency in 201 Coleopteran insects collected in Korea.

Results
A total of 26 species (12.8%) belonging to 11 families harbored Wolbachia. The phylogenetic trees of based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences and partial Wolbachia surface protein (wsp) gene sequences were largely incongruent to that of their hosts. This result confirms that Wolbachia evolved independently from their hosts,

Conclusion
Phylogenetic trees suggest that complex horizontal gene transfer and recombination events occurred within and between divergent Wolbachia subgroups.
Development and content validation of the Healthcare Transition Outcomes Inventory for young adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Pierce Jessica , Aroian Karen , Schifano Elizabeth , Gannon Anthony , Wysocki Tim 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The literature on the specification and measurement of the outcomes of the healthcare transition from pediatric to adult centered-care is scarce and methodologically weak. To address these gaps, we conducted a series of studies to develop a multidimensional, multi-informant (young adults, parents, and healthcare providers) measure of healthcare transition outcomes for young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D), the Healthcare Transition Outcomes Inventory (HCTOI). The current study describes the development and refinement of the HCTOI item pool.

Methods
Following Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) standards, the research team conducted qualitative interviews to define six content domains of healthcare transition outcomes from the perspectives of multiple stakeholders, developed an initial item pool of the HCTOI based on the six domains, analyzed expert item ratings and feedback for content validation, and conducted cognitive interviews with informants (patients, parents, and healthcare providers) for further item pool refinement.

Results
Qualitative findings revealed six healthcare transition outcome domains: 1) Biomedical markers of T1D control; 2) Navigation of a new health care system; 3) Possession of T1D self-management skills and knowledge; 4) Integration of T1D care into emerging adult roles; 5) Balance of parental involvement with autonomy; and 6) Attainment of T1D “ownership.” An initial pool of 88 items focused on the extent to which a young adult with T1D is successful on each of the six domains. Experts rated all content domains and all but six items as relevant. In addition to suggesting additional items, experts were concerned about the length of the measure, response burden, and whether every informant type would have sufficient knowledge to rate items in particular content domains. Cognitive interviews resulted in retaining all six content domains, but dropping some items and yielded fewer items for the healthcare provider version (47 items versus 54 items for the young adult- and parent-versions).

Conclusions
Expert review and cognitive interviews confirmed that all six domains of HCT outcomes were relevant and both procedures resulted in retaining a sufficient number of clear and representative items for each content domain. The HCTOI represents the first multi-informant, rigorously developed item pool that comprehensively measures the multiple components of the transition from pediatric to adult specialty healthcare.
Factors that influence rheumatologists’ anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha prescribing decisions: a qualitative study
Authors: Gavan Sean P. , Daker-White Gavin , Payne Katherine , Barton Anne 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Treatment decisions for any disease are usually informed by reference to published clinical guidelines or recommendations. These recommendations can be developed to improve the relative cost-effectiveness of health care and to reduce regional variation in clinical practice. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF) treatments are prescribed for people with rheumatoid arthritis according to specific recommendations by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in England. Evidence of regional variation in clinical practice for rheumatoid arthritis may indicate that different factors have an influence on routine prescribing decisions. The aim of this study was to understand the factors that influence rheumatologists’ decisions when prescribing anti-TNF treatments for people with rheumatoid arthritis in England.

Methods
Semi-structured one-to-one telephone interviews were performed with senior rheumatologists in different regions across England. The interview schedule addressed recommendations by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, prescribing behavior, and perceptions of anti-TNF treatments. Interviews were recorded digitally, transcribed verbatim, and anonymized. Data were analyzed by thematic framework analysis that comprised six stages (familiarization; coding; developing the framework; applying the framework; generating the matrix; interpretation).

Results
Eleven rheumatologists (regional distribution - north 36%; midlands: 36%; south: 27%) participated (response rate: 24% of the sampling frame). The mean duration of the interviews was thirty minutes (range: 16 to 56 min). Thirteen factors that influenced anti-TNF prescribing decisions were categorized by three nested primary themes; specific influences were defined as subthemes: (i) External Environment Influences (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Recommendations; Clinical Commissioning Groups; Cost Pressures; Published Clinical Evidence; Colleagues in Different Hospitals; Pharmaceutical Industry); (ii) Internal Hospital Influences (Systems to Promote Compliance with Clinical Recommendations; Internal Treatment Pathways; Hospital Culture); (iii) Individual-level Influences (Patient Influence; Clinical Autonomy; Consultant Experience; Perception of Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28) Outcome).

Conclusions
Factors that influenced anti-TNF prescribing decisions were multifaceted, seemed to vary by region, and may facilitate divergence from published clinical recommendations. Strategic behavior appeared to illustrate a conflict between uniform treatment recommendations and clinical autonomy. These influences may contribute to understanding sources of regional variation in clinical practice for rheumatoid arthritis.
Pathogenicity of some entomopathogenic fungal strains to green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Javed Khadija , Javed Humayun , Mukhtar Tariq , Qiu Dewen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPathogenicity of four fungal strains, two of Beauveria bassiana (designated as BB-72 and BB-252), and two of Lecanicillium lecanii (designated as V-4 and CS-625) to green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae) was assessed. All treatments showed highly significant effects on the mortality of the aphid when applied as filtrate or conidia. The application methods did not have a significant effect on the mortality rate. The overall mortalities caused by both applications were statistically similar. The maximum overall mortality was caused by BB-72, followed by CS-625 in both application methods. On the other hand, (V-4) caused the minimum mortality rate, followed by (BB-252), which was statistically similar to those caused by V-4. The time also had significant effects on aphid mortality rates. The mortality was the minimum after 3 days reaching its maximum after 10 days. As the number of days increased, there was a corresponding increase in the mortality showing a direct relationship between mortality and time. The maximum mean individual mortality of 95% was caused by CS-625, followed by BB-72 (92%) after 10 days with the conidial application. Similarly, the combined effects of the three most virulent fungal strains showed highly significant differences on the mortality of peach aphid. The combination BB-72 + BB-252 showed the highest percent mortality, followed by BB-72 + BB-252 + CS-625. The combinations BB-72 + CS-625 and BB-252 + CS-625 had statistically similar effects of causing aphid mortality.
Influence of pelvic inclination on sit to stand task in stroke patients
Authors: Darwish Moshera Hassan , Ahmed Sandra , Ismail Manar El-sayed , Khalifa Heba Ahmed 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Stroke results in an impaired sit to stand (STS) task. Pelvic movements are essential in daily living activities. Few studies investigated the effect of spine and pelvis separately on functional activities in stroke patients.

Objective
The study aimed to assess the angles of pelvic inclination (anterior and posterior pelvic tilt angles) (APT and PPT) during sitting position and during STS movement. It aimed also to determine the influence of sagittal pelvic tilt angles on STS performance in stroke patients.

Patients and methods
Thirty male hemi-paretic stroke patients (GI) and 15 matched healthy volunteer subjects (GII) represented the sample of this study. Stroke patients were assigned into two equal groups (group Ia and Ib). Sagittal pelvic tilt angles were measured by using the palpation meter inclinometer during sitting position and during initiation and mid of STS by using two dimensional (2D) video-based motion analysis system. Time of five repetitions STS test was used to assess the ability to perform STS task.

Results
The results showed a significant increase of PPT angle during static sitting, a significant decrease in APT angle during initiation and mid of STS task and a significant increase in time taken for five repetitions STS test in both stroke groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Abnormal pelvic alignment and movements affect the functional performance of stroke patients during sitting and sit to stand task.

Trial registration
NCT03053154. Registered January 22, 2017. Retrospectively registered.
Role of routine hysteroscopy in previous failed ICSI: a continuous clinical dilemma
Authors: Al-Temamy Emad , El-Omda Fahd , Salama Sameh , Salem Sondos , Abd ElRasheed Mazen , Ammar Sherif 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The benefit of hysteroscopy could extend beyond the treatment of intrauterine abnormalities. Irrigation of the cavity with saline may have a beneficial effect on implantation and pregnancy rates, since saline mechanically washes harmful anti-adhesive glycoprotein molecules on the endometrial surface involved in endometrial receptivity, i.e., cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), mucin-1 (MUC-1), and integrin.

Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate the role and benefit of routine hysteroscopy prior to ICSI in women with previous failed ICSI.

Patients and methods
This prospective study has been carried out, at the outpatient clinic, on 100 women that have undergone hysteroscopy as a part of the infertility workup. Women were categorized into three groups according to the number of previous failed IVF/ICSI, once (n = 37), twice (n = 33), and thrice (n = 30).

Results
After analyzing the data, we found that hysteroscopy was associated with 39% overall clinical pregnancy rate in women with previous/repeat IVF/ICSI failure. Treatment of polyp was associated with 58.3% clinical pregnancy rate (NNT = 1.71). Treatment of intrauterine adhesions was associated with 16.7% clinical pregnancy rate (NNT = 6). Treatment of submucous myoma and uterine septum showed a 75% and 50% clinical pregnancy rate, respectively.

Conclusion
Hysteroscopic examination in women with previous failed ICSI may improve pregnancy rate even in the absence of uterine pathology. Consequently, hysteroscopy examination may be proposed as a routine step prior to ICSI in case of previous failure.