bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency terahertz wave generation in aperiodically poled lithium niobate by cascaded difference frequency generation
Authors: Li Zhongyang , Sun Xiangqian , Zhang Hongtao , Li Yongjun , Yuan Bin , Jiao Binzhe , Zhao Jia , Tan Lian , Bing Pibin , Wang Zhan , Yao Jianquan 
Published: June 2020

In this work, we propose a high-efficiency terahertz (THz) wave-generation approach by cascaded difference frequency generation (CDFG) with an aperiodically poled lithium niobate (APPLN) crystal at cryogenic temperature. The APPLN crystal with desirable poling periods along the crystal length determines phase mismatches of each-order CDFG, resulting in a decrement of phase mismatches in cascaded Stokes processes and an increment of phase mismatches in cascaded anti-Stokes processes simultaneously. This is in contrast with previous works on CDFG, where the THz wave was generated with irreversible phase mismatches in cascaded Stokes and anti-Stokes processes. The variations of phase mismatches enhance the evolution of optical spectra in cascaded Stokes processes and restrain the evolution of optical spectra in cascaded anti-Stokes processes, yielding unprecedented energy efficiencies in excess of 30% from optical waves to THz waves with APPLN. The unprecedented energy efficiencies in this work are theoretical results without THz wave absorption at a temperature of 10 K. Compared with the maximum THz intensity from traditional CDFG using periodically poled lithium niobate, the maximum THz intensities are enhanced by 2.5 and 2.8 times using APPLN with stepwise changing and gradually changing poling periods, respectively.
Birefringent large-mode-area anti-resonant hollow core fiber in the 1.9  µm wavelength window
Authors: Stępniewski Grzegorz , Dobrakowski Dominik , Pysz Dariusz , Kasztelanic Rafał , Buczyński Ryszard , Klimczak Mariusz 
Published: June 2020

We report on the development and characterization of a birefringent large-mode-area anti-resonant silica fiber. The fiber structure is composed of six non-touching capillaries. The birefringence results from the breaking of the circular symmetry of an air core with increasing of the diameters of two capillaries located across the fiber diameter. We depart from earlier designs of polarizing hollow core fibers, in which coupling of the guided modes was intentionally facilitated with the cladding layout. Instead, with the help of numerical simulations, we enhance birefringence in our design by varying the capillary wall thickness between the larger- and smaller-diameter capillary sections of the cladding. The fiber has a large, elliptical core with semi-axes of

∼

55

and 41 µm in diameter, an effective area of the fundamental mode of

1200

µ

m

2

, and a total outer diameter of 127 µm. The cladding is composed of two pairs of smaller capillaries, which are 18 µm in diameter with 1.66 µm thick walls, and two larger capillaries with a 24 µm diameter and 1.14 µm thick walls, located across the diagonal of the fiber. Measured group birefringence over 1820–1920 nm wavelengths is monotonically increasing from

0.4
×

10

−
4

to

2.0
×

10

−
4

, while its phase birefringence is from

5
×

10

−
6

to

1.1
×

10

−
5

. Despite this, the fiber holds polarization with a 12 dB polarization extinction ratio at 1900 nm over a 1.5 m long sample.
Experimental three-state measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with uncharacterized sources
Authors: Zhou Xing-Yu , Ding Hua-Jian , Zhang Chun-Hui , Li Jian , Zhang Chun-Mei , Wang Qin 
Published: June 2020

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) removes all detector side-channel attacks and guarantees a promising way for remote secret keys sharing. Several proof-of-principal experiments have been demonstrated to show its security and practicality. However, these practical implementations demand mostly, for example, perfect state preparation or completely characterized sources to ensure security, which are difficult to realize with prior art. Here, we investigate a three-state MDI-QKD using uncharacterized sources, with the simple requirement that the encoding state is bidimensional, which eliminates security threats from both the source flaws and detection loopholes. As a demonstration, a proof-of-principal experiment over 170 km transmission distance based on Faraday–Michelson interferometers is achieved, representing, to the best of our knowledge, the longest transmission distance recorded under the same security level.
Passively Q-switched Er:Lu2O3 laser with MXene material Ti4N3Tx (T = F, O, or OH) as a saturable absorber
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Li Tao , Qiao Wenchao , Feng Tianli , Feng Cenyang , Zhao Jia , Li Guiqiu , Zhao Shengzhi 
Published: June 2020

In this Letter, we report a titanium nitride (

T
i

4

N

3

T

x

) passive

Q

-switched

E
r

:

L
u

2

O

3

laser. The homemade two-dimensional

T
i

4

N

3

T

x

saturable absorber shows excellent passive

Q

-switching performance around a 2.85 µm wavelength region. Under the absorbed pump power of 7.4 W, the passive

Q

-switching laser yields a maximum output power of 0.778 W at a pulse repetition rate of 113.7 kHz, corresponding to a single pulse energy of 6.84 µJ and peak power of 24.57 W.
Protocols to control contamination and strategies to optimize the clinical practice in Restorative Dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jurema Ana Luiza Barbosa , Rocha Rafael Santos , Mailart Mariane Cintra , De Souza Maurício Yugo , Gonçalves Sérgio Eduardo de Paiva , Caneppele Taciana Marco Ferraz , Bresciani Eduardo 
Published: June 2020

The current outbreak of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) challenges how professional standards have been defined so far. In Dentistry, biosafety measures already taken by professionals have been intensified, aiming to offer the patient urgent and emergency treatment with safety for both. In this context, Restorative Dentistry is responsible for the care of patients with caries injuries, with or without symptoms and, fractures of teeth and existing restorations. This article guides professionals, during the pandemic period, on the risks involved in adult and pediatric dental care for patients with restorative needs. It also discusses strategies to optimize clinical practice, reducing risks of contamination and virus transmission.Keywords Operative Dentistry; Dentistry; Biosafety; Pandemics; COVID-19.
Assessment of dental care during the covid-19 pandemic in Turkey and future projections
Authors: Kılıçarslan Mehmet Ali , Şenel Figen Çizmeci , Özcan Mutlu 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTA new coronavirus disease has affected the whole world, starting from Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. The disease, caused by the pathogen of SARS-CoV-2, commonly called COVID-19, has soon passed into the history of epidemics as the most effective pandemic recently. Dentistry has also been significantly affected by the pandemic process, which had a restrictive effect on almost all aspects of social life. Dental treatments are healthcare services that have been applied very carefully in terms of the risk control of cross-infection prior to this pandemic where disinfection and sterilization rules continue to be controlled at the highest level. However, hand instruments used in most dental treatments and generating aerosol has raised concerns, particularly in diseases such as COVID-19, which increase the risk of droplet contamination. This working order is an important risk factor not only for healthcare professionals but also for the contamination of patients and the environment. In addition, the continuing pandemic process and the dynamics of the process require revision of the protocols. For this reason, each country has prepared protocols in order to maintain the dental treatments in the pandemic process in accordance with their own health care conditions and policies.This process caused the dental professionals to reconsider their routine working practices and prospectively, new protocols are recommended for dental applications. This article aims to provide a perspective evaluating the current situation and discuss additional measures to be considered during the pandemic and thereafter. KEYWORDSCoronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Pandemic; Dentistry; Infection Control, Transmission.
Expressing Political and Religious Identity: Religion-Science Relations in Indonesian Muslim Thinkers 1970-2014
Authors: Bahri Media Zainul 
Published: June 2020

An attractive phenomenon of Indonesian Islam in 1990s era up to the recent time is an emergence of thought battle within Muslim scholars concerning religon and science. From the struggle, various terms have arisen such as: Islamization of knowledge/science, scientification of Islam, objectification of Islam, compatibility, ayatization or ayatisasi (from Arabic āya [verse, sign] i.e. to find the Qur’ānic āya for every single knowledge/science finding), integration, integration-interconnection, and so forth. According to the typology of Ian Barbour, instead of conflict and independence, religion-science relations in Indonesian Islam are always in the position of integration and dialogue. However, this article focuses on how the discourse of religion-science relations is conducted to express Islamic identity and political become more salient and stronger, particularly within Indonesian urban Muslims. Since the pioneers in 1970s to1980s such as Rasjidi, Moenawar Chalil, Buya Hamka and Syekh Kadirun Yahya, then more academic discourse such as the figures of Hidajat Nataatmaja, Kuntowijoyo, Mulyadhi Kartanegara and Amin Abdullah, to very popular writers of ayatisasi, Islamization of science has--at least three main agendas: the politics to strengthening Muslim identities, the spirit against secularist-Western, and apologetic attitudes as part of the theological campaign. This popular phenomenon shows that Islam is not merely regarded as ‘a perfect religion’ in terms of ethics, ritual as well as spiritual, but also it is kind of ‘Islamic revival’, i.e. a politically meaningful term, ‘revival of the ummah in all its aspects’.[Salah satu fenomena menarik islam Indonesia tahun 1990an hingga sekarang adalah perdebatan pendapat diantara ilmuwan muslim terkait hubungan agama dan sains. Dari perdebatan tersebut setidaknya memunculkan istilah seperti islamisasi pengetahuan atau ilmu, ilmuisasi islam, obyektifikasi islam, keserasian, ayatisasi, integrasi, integrasi – interkoneksi, dan lainnya. Berdasarkan tipologi dari Ian Barbour, alih-alih konflik dan independensi, hubungan agama dan sains di muslim Indonesia lebih tepat berada diposisi integrasi dan dialog. Dalam artikel ini fokus tertuju pada bagaimana wacana hubungan agama dan sains sebagai ekspresi identitas politik dan keislaman, khususnya pada muslim perkotaan. Sejak 1970-1980an mulai dikenal nama-nama seperti Rasjidi, Moenawar Chalil, Buya Hamka dan Kadirun Yahya hingga nama – nama yang lebih akademis seperti Hidajat Nataatmaja, Kuntowijoyo, Mulyadhi Kartanegara dan Amin Abdullah. Setidaknya ada tiga agenda dari gerakan ini yaitu politik penguatan identitas keislaman, semangat melawan sekulerisasi barat dan sikap defensif yang merupakan bagian dari dakwah. Singkatnya, fenomena ini menunjukkan bahwa islam tidak hanya sebagai agama yang sempurna secara etis, tapi juga ini bagian dari kebangkitan islam seperti dalam istilah politiknya, kebangkitan islam di segala aspeknya.]
A Tale of Two Royal Cities: The Narratives of Islamists' Intolerance in Yogyakarta and Solo
Authors: Azca Muhammad Najib , Ikhwan Hakimul , Arrobi Mohammad Zaki 
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the narratives of “Islamist” intolerance in two cities of Yogyakarta and Solo in the post-Suharto era. It aims to elucidate the multiplicity of intolerance acts and the complexity of underpinning factors to intolerance. It argues that Islamist intolerance has manifested in various forms, ranging from the ideological, instrumental, and symbolic form. However, these categorizations of ideological, instrumental, and symbolic are not clear-cut and permanent one, but there is always some possible overlap between them. There is also the possibility that the form of intolerance can change in different times and occasions. This study is based on fieldwork research taken during 2014-2016 in both cities. Methodologically, this research-based article used Extended Cased Method (ECM). The data was collected by employing indepth interview and participant observation with secondary sources such as local media and government documents.[Tulisan ini membahas narasi Islam intoleran di dua kota, Solo dan Yogyakarta, pasca rezim Soeharto. Selain itu juga menjelaskan sejumlah aksi intoleran dan kompleksitas faktor-faktor yang berkelindan dalam peristiwa tersebut. Tulisan ini mengajukan argumen bahwa Islam intoleran mempunyairagam bentuk, mulai dari ideologis, instrumentalis hingga simbolis. Meskipun demikian, kategori tersebut tidak bersifat kaku dan permanen, tetapi terkadang bersifat saling overlap satu sama lainnya. Ada kemungkinan juga bentuk intoleran berubah seiring dengan perubahan waktu dan kondisi. Kajian ini berdasarkan pada studi lapangan di dua kota pada rentang waktu 2014-2016. Secara metodologi kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan Extended Cased Method (ECM). Data dikumpulkan melalui serangkaian wawancara mendalam dan observasi partisipatif dengan didukung data sekunder dari arsip daerah dan sejumlah media surat kabar lokal.]
SEJARAH KENABIAN DALAM BIBEL DAN AL-QURAN
Authors: NOPRIYANSA EKO 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT The development of science and science in this era facilitated and assisted researchers and interested in religious studies in carrying out the needs of religious research, but Pro-Counter in religious studies became an interesting spotlight throughout history ranging from intellectuals who tried to present a more compromise approach to scientists who used an approach contradictory, disagreement in explaining various problems in Theology, social fields, religious fields, political fields, historical fields and other fields as vital objects in religious concepts is a big problem when researchers show a very subjective character. This paper attempts an in-depth study in answering various issues and misunderstanding in understanding the values of equality contained in the Biblical and Al-Qur'an texts, especially in discussing the historical perspective which is discussed by the two holy books of Muslims and Christians as the two largest religions in the world. Keywords : Prophetic History, The Bible and the Qur'an,
Direct and strong converse inequalities for approximation with Fejér means
Authors: Bustamante Jorge 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present upper and lower estimates of the error of approximation of periodic functions by Fejér means in the Lebesgue spaces {L}_{2{\pi }}^{p}. The estimates are given in terms of a K-functional for 1\le p\le \infty and in terms of the first modulus of continuity in the case 1\lt p\lt \infty . We pay attention to the involved constants.
Functional Characterization of the Basal Amygdala-Dorsal BNST Pathway during Contextual Fear Conditioning
Authors: Sasaki Russell Jennifer , Trouche Stéphanie , Reijmers Leon G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBoth the basal amygdala (BA) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) can participate in contextual fear, but it is unclear whether contextual fear engrams involve a direct interaction between these two brain regions. To determine whether dorsal BNST (dBNST)-projecting neurons in the BA participate in contextual fear engrams, we combined the TetTag mouse with a retrograde tracer to label dBNST-projecting cells in the BA. We identified a population of neurons located in the anterior subdivision of the BA (aBA) that was activated during fear conditioning and reactivated during retrieval but that did not project to the dBNST. In contrast, dBNST-projecting neurons located in the posterior BA (pBA) were activated during contextual fear conditioning but were not reactivated during retrieval. Similarly, we found neurons in the oval BNST subdivision (ovBNST) that were activated during contextual fear conditioning without being reactivated during retrieval. However, the anterodorsal BNST (adBNST) subdivision was not activated during either contextual fear conditioning or retrieval, underscoring the divergent functionality of these two dBNST subdivisions. Finally, we found that the ovBNST receives a monosynaptic projection from neurons located in the BA. Our results indicate that aBA neurons that do not project to the dBNST participate in contextual fear engrams. In contrast, dBNST-projecting neurons in the BA do not appear to participate in contextual fear engrams, but might instead contain a BA → ovBNST pathway that is active during the initial encoding of contextual fear memories.
Advocate General at the Court of Justice: any doubts? Part I
Authors: Valančius Virgilijus 
Published: June 2020

The article briefly overviews some features of Advocates General of the Court of Justice of the European Union as well as the influence of their opinions on the case law of the Court. The research is based on the doctrine as well as on the case law. The latter spotlights inter alia the links between the opinions of Advocates General and the judgments of the Court both when propositions of Advocates General are followed and when they are not.
Tahuri: Symbol of the Christian-Muslim Community Peace in Tehoru and Telutih, Central Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Dandirwalu Resa , Rehy Handry Yance 
Published: June 2020

This study departs from the social conflict in Maluku in 1999. The conflict separated the Christian and Muslim communities in Tehoru and Telutih Districts, Central Maluku, Indonesia. Then, the Regional Government of Central Maluku Regency reconciled by returning the Christian community to both Districts. However, the Christian community still felt anxious and insecure because peace is only carried out by the Government Agency. Both communities created Tahuri symbol as a peace symbol between them. In 2014, they made Tahuri monument, and it was inaugurated on December 7, 2016. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to find the meaning of Tahuri symbol as peace of Christian and Muslim communities in Tehoru and Telutih Districts. The focus of this study the peace symbol created by both communities of Tehoru and Telutih. This study employs Symbolic Anthropology to find the meaning of symbols accepted by humans through relations with others and their natural world. Data gathered through observation and interviews in both districts and presented using a descriptive analysis model. The result shows that Tahuri symbol has two important principles: the inclusive principle and mutual trust principle. Besides, for the Christian and Muslim communities, the Tahuri symbol means collective identity and social cohesion. Both communities contextualized these two principles and meanings in their social and religious life so that social and religious dynamics cannot reduce them. They live in harmony. The peace through the Tahuri symbol is maintained to this day.
Favorite-Candidate Voting for Eliminating the Least Popular Candidate in a Metric Space
Authors: Chen Xujin , Li Minming , Wang Chenhao 
Published: June 2020

We study single-candidate voting embedded in a metric space, where both voters and candidates are points in the space, and the distances between voters and candidates specify the voters' preferences over candidates. In the voting, each voter is asked to submit her favorite candidate. Given the collection of favorite candidates, a mechanism for eliminating the least popular candidate finds a committee containing all candidates but the one to be eliminated.
Each committee is associated with a social value that is the sum of the costs (utilities) it imposes (provides) to the voters. We design mechanisms for finding a committee to optimize the social value. We measure the quality of a mechanism by its distortion, defined as the worst-case ratio between the social value of the committee found by the mechanism and the optimal one. We establish new upper and lower bounds on the distortion of mechanisms in this single-candidate voting, for both general metrics and well-motivated special cases.
Designing Committees for Mitigating Biases
Authors: Feldman Michal , Mansour Yishay , Nisan Noam , Oren Sigal , Tennenholtz Moshe 
Published: June 2020

It is widely observed that individuals prefer to interact with others who are more similar to them (this phenomenon is termed homophily). This similarity manifests itself in various ways such as beliefs, values and education. Thus, it should not come as a surprise that when people make hiring choices, for example, their similarity to the candidate plays a role in their choice. In this paper, we suggest that putting the decision in the hands of a committee instead of a single person can reduce this bias.
We study a novel model of voting in which a committee of experts is constructed to reduce the biases of its members. We first present voting rules that optimally reduce the biases of a given committee. Our main results include the design of committees, for several settings, that are able to reach a nearly optimal (unbiased) choice. We also provide a thorough analysis of the trade-offs between the committee size and the obtained error. Our model is inherently different from the well-studied models of voting that focus on aggregation of preferences or on aggregation of information due to the introduction of similarity biases.
Characterizing Sunflower syndrome: a clinical series
Authors: Barnett James R. , Fleming Bradley M. , Geenen Kennedy R. , Sourbron Jo , Freedman Jason H. , Bruno Patricia L. , Thiele Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims. To characterize the clinical phenotype of Sunflower syndrome. Sunflower syndrome is a rare photosensitive epilepsy syndrome characterized by highly stereotyped seizures, photosensitivity, and heliotropism.Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients seen in the Massachusetts General Hospital for Children (MGHfC) pediatric epilepsy program with a history of Sunflower syndrome.Results. Twenty‐four patients were identified; 18 were female. At the time of initial MGHfC evaluation, patients’ ages ranged from 6.4 to 25 years, with a median age of 11.5 years. All patients presented with hand‐waving episodes (HWEs), although one patient no longer demonstrates this, but now has eye blinking episodes on exposure to light. Four have associated eye fluttering as a component of their most prevalent light‐induced seizures. The average age at onset of HWEs was six years. Seventeen developed other symptoms prior to the onset of HWEs. The most prevalent symptom was an attraction to light and possible absence seizures. Light‐induced seizures were generally refractory to broad‐spectrum antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Only three patients had a reduction of HWEs with the use of AEDs. Several non‐pharmacological strategies reduced seizure frequency, however, efficacy varied. These non‐pharmacological strategies included avoiding stimulus, focusing on other tasks, and occupying or restraining the hand that was involved in hand‐waving. The use of tinted glasses reduced seizure frequency in 17 patients, however, no patient achieved seizure freedom. Twenty‐two patients had available EEGs, 20 of which showed interictal epileptiform discharges. Additionally, many of the patients experienced a negative impact on their self‐concept due to anxiety, depression, or negative interactions with peers.Conclusion. Sunflower syndrome is a generalized, pharmacoresistant epilepsy with childhood onset and remains poorly understood. To improve clinical care and scientific understanding, long‐term prospective research exploring the natural history, etiology, and effective treatments for Sunflower syndrome should be conducted. [Published with video sequence].