bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the lifestyle types of Koreans through time use
Authors: Yang Min Ah , Won Kyung‐A , Lim Seung‐Ju , Park Kang‐Hyun , Park Ji‐Hyuk 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, the purpose of the research is to utilize data obtained through the survey of national life hours conducted on a national basis in 2014 as basic data in the study of future life style types for the purpose of the study to identify lifestyle types based on age and region of Koreans.MethodThe life balance triangle model is an approach to find out how the use of time is balanced between each area, after dividing living time largely into essential, compulsory, and free time. In this study, we looked at living hours in three main categories: Required maintenance time, mandatory time, and free time.ResultPeople in their teens, 20s and 50s took up the rational life seeking type, those in their 30s and 40s took the achievement seeking type, and those in their 60s, 70s and 80s took the passive reality seeking type. Required maintenance time took up the most time in Jeollabuk‐do, mandatory time took up the most time in Ulsan, and free time took the most time in Gangwon Province. It was found that the higher the age group, the lower the satisfaction level of life. Daejeon had the highest level of satisfaction with life in each region, and Ulsan ranked the lowest in terms of satisfaction with life. Satisfaction with life was high in the order of rational life seeking type, achievement seeking type and passive reality seeking type.ConclusionBecause the role of old age in life cycle is not established compared to other age groups, the transition to old age is difficult, so identifying their time‐use patterns is the basis for understanding the role of old people. Because time is based on how people structure their daily lives, the use of time is linked to work. Time‐use patterns provide the nature and level of participation and are useful for assessing health and well‐being. Therefore, it is necessary to provide systematic education and information to participate in balanced daily life through proper time management.
Capacity of the health facilities to manage Alzheimer’s and related dementia diseases in Mukono district: Challenges and recommendations
Authors: Joloba Stephen Samuel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith the projected increase in number of older persons in both low and middle income countries, the burden of Alzheimer’s and related dementia diseases (AD/ARDs) is projected to increase as well. However, the health systems inadequately prepared to offer optimal care for patients with AD/ARDs, despite the growing disease burden. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the capacity of the health facilities to optimally manage Alzheimer’s and related dementia diseases in Mukono district.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional between August and December 2018. A survey of 32 facilities (3 hospitals, 2 health center IV (HCIV), 15 health center III (HCIII) and 6 health center II (HCII) and 6 Private health facilities) in Mukono district. We conducted a thorough assessment of medical records, interviewed heads of the facilities and questionnaire was administered to 46 health workers. The study assessed the service provision for AD/ARDs, Knowledge of AD/ARDs management, challenges and opportunities.ResultsOut of 32 health facilities assessed, 4 in 10 (42%)facilities reported managing (diagnosing/treating) clients with AD/ARDs, and majority (90.2%) were run by Non‐Physician Health Workers (NPHW). Only 2 in 10 of had guidelines for managing AD/ARDs. About less than half (46.4%) had AD/ARDs medicines in stocks (mainly Haloperidol) and all of the private facilities lacked essential medicine to treat AD/ARDs. All health center Iis lacked drugs for AD/ARDs. A significant knowledge gap in assessing and diagnosing AD/ARDs was observed among all the health workers. All health workers highlighted the need for addition training in AD/ARDs. Multitude of client and health provider challenges were observed in this study.ConclusionHealth facilities in Mukono district are inadequately prepared to offer optimal services for management of AD/ARDs. AD/ARDs drugs, knowledge gap and human resource for health presented a great challenge. In order to address the inadequately capacity to manage AD/ARDs, emphasis should be dwelt on strengthening the health facilities; including specialized training in assessment and diagnosis of AD/ARDS and improving the drugs and commodities supply chain in Uganda.
White matter hyperintensity increases are a feature of familial AD and are associated with increased brain atrophy
Authors: Walsh Phoebe , Sudre Carole H. , Manning Emily N. , Fiford Cassidy M. , Veale Thomas , Cash David M. , Ryan Natalie S. , Lashley Tammaryn , Frost Chris , Fox Nick C. , Barnes Jo ,   the DIAN Study Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundRelatively little is known about how white matter hyperintensity (WMH) changes relate to well‐characterised markers of disease progression such as brain atrophy rates in autosomal dominant familial AD (ADAD). Such analyses may improve models of disease progression and indicate whether WMH accrual and brain atrophy are associated features over the disease course.MethodsWe investigated WMH accrual in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) cohort. Participants included 72 controls, 95 PSEN1, 7 PSEN2 and 27 APP mutation carriers, with longitudinal multi‐modal imaging. WMH were segmented using a semi‐automated protocol. Brain atrophy rate was calculated using the boundary shift integral (BSI). Three statistical models were used: Model 1 used mixed‐effect linear regression to assess WMH accrual by mutation presence or type, adjusting for evidence of cognitive impairment (symptomatic status as defined using CDR). Model 2 assessed the effect of estimated years to onset (EYO) on WMH accrual. Model 3 estimated correlations between residual rates of change after allowing mean rates of change in WMH and brain volume to depend on proximity to expected onset. All models (1‐3) were allowed to depend upon total intracranial volume.ResultsThe table shows summary statistics and rates of change including annualised rates of WMH accrual and brain atrophy. Results from Model 1 showed differences in WMH accrual between mutation groups after adjustment for symptom status (p<0.001), with APP having higher rates of accrual than all other groups. Model 2 demonstrated WMH increases were associated with EYO in PSEN1 and APP groups (p≤0.001, both tests), with an accelerating rate of accrual observed approaching and passing estimated onset in the PSEN1 and PSEN2 groups (p≤0.005, both tests). Model 3 demonstrated associations between residual rates of change in WMH and brain volume in the PSEN1 (r 0.76, p<0.001) and APP (r 0.55, p=0.03) groups (the figure shows crude rates).ConclusionMutation type has an impact on WMH accrual, with APP mutation carriers in this cohort gaining more WMH over time. WMH changes are an important biomarker in ADAD with burden increasing with EYO. WMH and brain atrophy changes track together across the AD disease course.
Dissecting frontotemporal dementia: Correlations between neuropsychiatric symptoms and neuropathology
Authors: Scarioni Marta , Gami‐Patel Priya , Timar Yannick , Seelaar Harro , van Swieten John C. , Rozemuller Annemieke J.M. , Dols Annemiek , Scarpini Elio , Galimberti Daniela , Bank Netherlands Brain , Hoozemans Jeroen J.M. , Pijnenburg Yolande A.L. , Dijkstra Anke A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a group of young‐onset neurodegenerative syndromes characterized by changes in social cognition, behaviour, language, and psychiatric symptoms, the latter being increasingly recognized to be part of the early clinical presentation. The pathology of FTD, termed frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), is characterized by distinct molecular classes of aggregated proteins, the most common being TAR‐DNA binding protein 43 (TDP‐43), tau, and fused in sarcoma (FUS). With a few exceptions, it is currently not possible to predict the underlying pathology based on the clinical syndrome.MethodIn this study, we set out to investigate the relationship between pathological and clinical presentation at single symptom level in a cohort of 150 brain donors. The presence or absence of symptoms from the current clinical guidelines, together with neuropsychiatric features such as hallucinations and delusions, were scored and compared across pathological groups.ResultOur cohort consisted of 68.6% FTLD donors (35.3% TDP‐43, 28% tau, and 5.3% FUS) and 31.4% non‐FTLD donors with a clinical diagnosis of FTD and a different pathological substrate such as Alzheimer’s disease (23%). The presence of hyperorality pointed to FTLD rather than non‐FTLD pathology (P < 0.001). Within the FTLD group, hallucinations in the initial years of the disease were related to TDP‐43 pathology (P = 0.02), including but not limited to C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers. The presence of perseverative or compulsive behaviour was more common in the TDP‐B and TDP‐C subtypes (P = 0.002).ConclusionOur findings indicate that neuropsychiatric features are common in FTLD and can form an important indicator of underlying pathology. In order to further improve diagnostic accuracy and to allow better inclusion of patients in targeted molecular trials, the routine evaluation of patients with frontotemporal dementia should include the presence and nature of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Using graph theory to detect ageing and Alzheimer’s disease‐ related changes in the structure of cognitive networks
Authors: Wright Laura , De Marco Matteo , Venneri Annalena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn accordance with the physiological networks which underlie it, human cognition is characterised by both segregation and interdependence of a number of cognitive domains. Cognition itself, therefore, constitutes a network, the organisation of which may be quantifiable using methods of graph theory. The present study aimed to exploit graph theory methods to assess changes in cognitive profiles throughout healthy ageing and further interrogate how such profiles may differ in the presence of pathology.MethodA comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was performed in 6 participant groups; 3 groups of healthy adults split into the age ranges 18‐39 (N 75), 40‐64 (N 75) and 65 and over (N 70) and 3 patient groups including adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI, N 75), non‐amnestic MCI (N 31) and Alzheimer’s type dementia (N 60). Partial correlations were performed on standardised scores between 16 cognitive tests. A binarised adjacency matrix was then created for each group in which significant correlations (p <.05) were retained as the connections or edges and each cognitive test represented a node. Network analysis measures were then applied to each matrix using the Brain Connectivity Toolbox.ResultNetwork wide clustering and local efficiency of nodes showed an increase between the stages of normal ageing and this was considerably exacerbated by the presence of disease. Conversely, average betweenness centrality first showed an increase between the young and middle‐aged groups but was reduced compared to middle‐aged in the healthy older group. This reduction appeared to be again exacerbated within patients. These findings were particularly apparent between patients and healthy adults in tests of memory function.ConclusionWhile whole network approaches have become a staple of functional neuroimaging, such techniques have rarely been applied to the structure of cognition itself. Here, it has been demonstrated that the organisation of our cognitive networks is influenced not only by the ageing process but is further significantly altered by the presence of disease. Further investigation in this area may provide a novel approach for quantifying the effects of disease on cognitive function and could contribute to the development of sophisticated diagnostic tools in the future.
CSF proteomic changes in pre‐preclinical Alzheimer’s disease: A monozygotic twin study
Authors: Visser Pieter Jelle , Tomassen Jori , den Braber Anouk , Boomsma Dorret I , Campo Marta Del , Yaqub Maqsood , Van Berckel Bart NM , Scheltens Philip , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Tijms Betty M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDrivers of amyloid beta (abeta) aggregation in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are poorly understood. Studies in autosomal dominant AD suggested that increased abeta production is an early feature. We aimed to identify early AD changes in the CSF proteome using a monozygotic discordant twin‐pair model. This model provides a proxy for disease progression as twins from pairs discordant for abeta aggregation who have normal abeta (a‐) can be considered to in an earlier stage of AD than discordant twins who have abnormal abeta (a+). We investigated whether CSF proteins associated with abeta aggregation in discordant a‐ twins correlated with markers of amyloid production using cross‐twin cross‐trait (CTCT) analysis.MethodWe included 48 cognitively normal monozygotic twin pairs from the EMIF PreclinAD study. We performed CSF proteomics by OLINK multiplex panels (673 proteins), and ELISA’s for tau, abeta40, and BACE1. We defined abeta aggregation by visual read on dynamic [18F]flutemetamol PET images. We compared CSF protein levels of twins that had both normal abeta (concordant a‐) with those of discordant twins with normal abeta (discordant a‐) and those of discordant twins with abnormal abeta (discordant a+). Enrichment analysis of proteins that differed between groups was performed using Gene Ontology. In CTCT analysis in the total cohort, we correlated protein levels of one twin with the concentration of abeta40 and BACE1, markers of abeta production, in the co‐twin. A significant CTCT correlation suggests that proteins have a common genetic background. Analysis were corrected for age and sex.ResultAverage age was 68 years (range 61‐86). Forty‐one pairs were concordant abeta‐, and 7 twin pairs were discordant for abeta aggregation. Relative to concordant a‐ twins, discordant a‐ twins showed a decrease in 1 protein and an increase in 74 proteins. Of the increased proteins, 61 were also increased in discordant a+ twins (figure). These proteins were enriched for nervous system development, immune activation and related processes. They correlated with abeta40 and BACE1 in CTCT analysis.ConclusionAround the onset of amyloid aggregation there is an increase in proteins involved in nervous system development and immune activation, which is related to increased amyloid production.
Sensor‐based activity and state recognition in dementia patients in stationary care as basis for situation‐aware assistive devices
Authors: Goerss Doreen , Köhler Stefanie , Haufschild Martin , Bader Sebastian , Kirste Thomas , Teipel Stefan J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWearable sensors to monitor activity are easily available nowadays. Intelligent assistive technologies bear potential to offer innovative solutions that increase safety and facilitate independent activities in persons with dementia (PwD). It is important to incorporate knowledge about user‘s current state (e.g. cognitive and physical abilities) and situation to generate suitable interventions and provide meaningful assistance for PwD.MethodWithin the “SAMi”‐project, we set up an (ongoing) field study with PwD living in a nursing home. Participants wear smartwatches to measure activity (accelerometry) and enable indoor positioning via Bluetooth. In parallel, subjects' behavior is annotated in real time by trained observers using an elaborated scheme that contains activity, posture and place of the person, as well as disorientation, falls or request for help. The annotation scheme and possible intervention domains were derived from interviews with different groups of stakeholders. With the field study, we aim to identify in real time if a patient is at need of support and to select the most promising intervention in a given situation. Therefore, we plan to train algorithms on the synchronized sensor‐data and examine the accuracy of situation‐classification.ResultTo date, we included nine PwD in the age of 76‐96 years in moderate to severe stages of dementia (MMSE 5‐18). We gained >183 hours of observational data, accompanied by sensor data. We observed 134 events of disorientation, 95 events of caregiver support but only 3 requests for help. Ca. 79% of the annotated time patients wore the smartwatch. The majority of patients accepted the device (despite advanced cognitive decline). Setting up the technical infrastructure for the indoor positioning was challenging, for example due to restricted access to power points.ConclusionAnalysis of data from wearable and ambient sensors bears potential to build a situation‐aware assistive device and is feasible to acquire in the setting of dementia patients living in nursing homes. A large number of situations where need for help became obvious was matched only by very few instances of active help seeking by the patients. This emphasizes the necessity for automated sensor‐based recognition of such situations.
Experiences of caregivers of people with dementia participating in a community‐based dementia caregiver program
Authors: Seo Hyun‐Ju , Kim Seong Min , Park Jeong Min , Choo Il Han 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCaregivers often experience multiple challenges in their caregiving roles and responsibilities. In South Korea, a community based‐dementia caregiver program was introduced as one of public health policies. Understanding of caregivers' perspective and experience participated in a community based‐dementia caregiver program might be important to improve the quality of care of caregivers of people with dementia and refine the public policy program. The objectives of this study were to describe (1) how a community based‐dementia caregiver program helped caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer disease and related dementia, and (2) suggestions of the program to increase participation of caregivers.MethodA descriptive phenomenological study using thematic analysis with SUMARI software was used. A total of 12 Korean caregivers were interviewed at post‐intervention of 8 week‐Korean dementia caregivers' program provided by government funded dementia management center, called as CHIMAE ANSIM CENTER. Interview guide for qualitative interviews with caregivers were as follows.1) How does a community based‐dementia caregiver program help caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer disease and related dementia? 2) Did it help you deal with significant changes you experienced as a caregiver? Why or why not? 3) Which features of the program do caregivers find most and least helpful? 4) Do you have any other suggestions or anything else to improve?ResultSeveral key themes with related subthemes will be emerged. The present study will show that participation in this program help caregivers have their care strategies positively leading to emotional and health benefits on the care dyads, and suggest the improvements to increase acceptability of this program. The specific study findings will be demonstrated in poster presentation of the conference.ConclusionThe present study will be the first study that demonstrated caregivers' experiences participated in a community based‐dementia caregiver program introduced as a public policy to challenge and cope the dementia of South Korea.
Biomarker counseling, disclosure of diagnosis, and follow‐up in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A European survey of EADC centers
Authors: Frederiksen Kristian Steen , Nielsen Rune , Robinson David , Hausner Lucrezia , Hanseeuw Bernard J , Nobili Flavio Mariano , Rikkert Marcel GM Olde , Hugon Jacques , Andersen Birgitte Bo , Mendonca Alexandre , Traykov Latchezar , Yener Görsev , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Sloan Stephanie , Gabryelewicz Tomasz , Ousset Pierre Jean , Hort Jakub , Rouaud Olivier , Gabelle Audrey , Sheardova Katerina , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Dubois Bruno , Grimmer Timo , Apollonio Ildebrando , Perneczky Robert , Spiru Luiza , Koivisto Anne M , Santana Isabel , Ceccaldi Mathieu , Waldemar Gunhild 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe concept of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was developed as a research to capture a group of patients with objectively measurable cognitive impairment not fulfilling the criteria for dementia but has since diffused into clinical practice in many centers. The objective of the present survey was to assess practices with regards to diagnostic procedure and disclosure including biomarker counselling and management in patients with MCI.MethodsThe present study was designed as an online survey of medical doctors working in European Alzheimer Disease Centers (EADC).ResultsA total of 34 center coordinating doctors out of 41 (80.9 %) and 110 out of 213 (50.6 %) individual doctors responded to the survey. Almost all respondents had access to MRI (98.2%; n=108) and CSF sampling (91.8%; n=101), whereas fewer had access to 18F‐FDG‐PET (74.5%; n=82) and amyloid PET (50.9%; n=56). Most, but not all respondents, always or usually discussed the decision to order biomarkers with patients with MCI (85.7%; n=90) and dementia (81.1 %; n=86). Nearly half (49.5 % n=54) of respondents found that the diagnosis of MCI was meaningful to a great extent, whereas this was 75.5 % (n=84) for dementia (z=3.77; p=0.0002). Almost all respondents reported always or usually following up MCI (95.2%; n=100) and dementia patients (90.48%; n=95). Half (50.5%; n=53) of respondents reported following MCI patients for 5 or more years and for dementia 45.3% (n=48).ConclusionWe found that biomarkers are widely used in patients with MCI, but that not all patients receive adequate pre and post biomarker counselling. For a considerable proportion of practices, we found considerable variability across centers. This may indicate that clinicians lack guidance on issues related to diagnostic disclosure including biomarker sampling.