bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimorbidity Accumulation by Race or Ethnicity and Body-Weight Status Among Middle-Aged and Older Americans
Authors: Botoseneanu Anda , Markwardt Sheila , Allore Heather , Nagel Corey , Newsom Jason , Dorr David , Quinones Ana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Obesity and multimorbidity are more prevalent among U.S. racial/ethnic minority groups. Evaluating racial/ethnic disparities in multimorbidity accumulation according to body-mass index (BMI) may guide interventions to reduce multimorbidity burden in vulnerable racial/ethnic groups. Data from the 1998-2016 Health & Retirement Study (N=8,106, 51-55 years at baseline) and generalized estimating equations models with inverse probability weights estimated the accumulation of seven chronic diseases (arthritis, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, lung disease, and stroke) between racial/ethnic groups [Non-Hispanic White (reference; 64.2%), Non-Hispanic Black (21.6%), Hispanic (14.2%)]. Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in Black (82.3%) and Hispanic (78.9%) than White (70.9 %) participants at baseline. Initial burden of morbidity was higher among Black participants [risk ratio (RR) =1.3, p&lt;0.001] but similar among Hispanic compared with White participants; and higher in overweight or greater BMI categories compared with normal BMI (RR=1.07, 1.15, 1.22, p&lt;0.001, for overweight, obese 1, and obese 2/3 BMI, respectively). Disease accumulation did not differ among racial/ethnic groups. Higher BMI was associated with less disease accumulation compared with the normal BMI category (RR=0.99, 0.98, 0.97, all p&lt;0.001, for overweight, obese 1, and obese 2/3 BMI, respectively, per two-year interval). Black participants crossed the threshold of multimorbidity (≥2 diseases) 4-6 years earlier than White and Hispanic participants. There are substantial differences in initial disease burden between Black and White middle-aged/older adults, but not in the accumulation of disease, suggesting the need to intervene prior to entering middle age to reduce disparities in the burden of multimorbidity among vulnerable racial minorities.
Recruitment of a Diverse Research Cohort in a Large Metropolitan Area for Dementia Intervention Studies
Authors: Reuland Melissa , Johnston Deirdre , Antonsdottir Inga , Bunting Morgan , Samus Quincy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the near future, the costs, both human and financial, of dementia care will grow exponentially. Over five and a half million older Americans are estimated to be living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). By 2050, this is expected to increase to over 13 million, with persons of color being at the highest risk for developing dementia. Considerable federal, state and private funds have been committed to research to prevent, treat, and care for persons at risk for ADRD. However, enrollment of research participants, particularly those coming from diverse backgrounds into studies, is a perennial challenge and has serious implications. Between 2014 and 2019, a Johns Hopkins study team implemented a wide ranging research recruitment effort in the Baltimore-Washington DC area to enroll participants into two large federally funded dementia care coordination trials. A total of 2,063 study participants were self- or caregiver referred to these projects via referrals from organizations (e.g. religious, health, social service, aging, Medicaid clams) and targeted community outreach (e.g. events, media). Ultimately, 647 ADRD/study partner dyads were enrolled (31%). Outreach and recruitment challenges included stigma, lack of confirmed diagnosis, mistrust of research, and situational crises. The study team adapted enrollment criteria as challenges emerged, and ultimately spent $101,058 on outreach and recruitment to enroll 647 participant dyads. This represents a cost of $156.19 per dyad. This poster will provide background on the research program, detail the comprehensive outreach and recruitment strategies employed and their costs, and discuss best practices for recruiting this population.
Stigmatization and the Experience of Informal Dementia Caregivers in Nigeria
Authors: Nwakasi Candidus , de Medeiros Kate , Esiaka Darlingtina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There is no formal word for dementia in Nigeria. Instead, some Nigerians, in their effort to make sense of dementia symptoms, use descriptions that may result in stigmatization of people living with dementia and their families. With Nigeria’s rapid aging, increased risk of dementia, and lack of formal long-term care, this study focused on the impact of stigma on the caregiving experiences of Nigerian women. This exploration is significant as adult females in Nigeria are the pillar of informal caregiving in the country. The study employed a qualitative descriptive method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 12 adult informal female caregivers in Anambra, Nigeria. Data were then transcribed, coded and analyzed for themes. Afterwards, focus groups of 21 adult Nigerians residing in Ohio, US, were conducted to offer more contextual insight on the findings. The three major themes identified were: 1) negative views of dementia symptoms (e.g., witchcraft, madness), 2) caregiving protects against stigmatization (e.g., by keeping family members out of sight), and 3) stigma and caregiving support such as adult children abandoning parents with dementia because of the stigma associated with dementia. Given the overwhelming presence of stigma in all aspects of dementia to include dementia caregiving, results point to the critical need for better strategies to help strengthen informal caregiving in Nigeria. This includes culturally appropriate dementia education for families and caregivers, and formal long-term care policies that include care support in a rapidly aging Nigeria.
Coping Capacity and Episodic Memory in Older Adults With SMCs: The Mediating Role of Healthy Lifestyle
Authors: Wang Feilong , Li Shijie , Wang Kaifa , Yang Yanni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are at increased risk for episodic memory decline. Episodic memory decline is an important predictor of objective memory impairment (one of the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease) and an often-suggested criterion of successful memory aging. Therefore, it is important to explore the determinant factors that influence episodic memory in older adults with SMCs. Roy adaptation model and preliminary evidence suggest that older adults with SMCs undergo a coping and adaptation process, a process influenced by many health-related risks and protective factors. This study aimed to explore the relationship between coping capacity and episodic memory, and the mediating role of healthy lifestyle between coping capacity and episodic memory in a sample of 309 community-dwelling older adults with SMCs. Results from the structural equation modeling showed that coping capacity directly affects episodic memory (r=0.629, p＜0.001), and there is a partial mediating effect (60.5%) of healthy lifestyle among this sample of older adults with SMCs. This study demonstrates that coping capacity and adaptation positively correlate with episodic memory in older adults with SMCs, and that these correlations are mediated by healthy lifestyle. The results suggest that older adults with poor coping capacity should be assessed and monitored regularly, and clear lifestyle-related interventions initiated by healthcare providers that promote healthy lifestyles may effectively improve coping capacity and episodic memory in this population group. Note: First author: Feilong Wang, Co-first author: Shijie li, Corresponding author: Yanni Yang
Environmental Influences of Extreme Heat on the Health of Older Adults: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Mei , Buller Carol , Polivka Barbara , Woodburn Terri , Jakubauskas Mark , Wolfe Benjamin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Studies have suggested that extreme weather events have differential effects by age. By leveraging electronic medical records, we aim to analyze the environmental influence of extreme heat on the health of older adults. From our healthcare system’s de-identified data warehouse, we extracted a retrospective cohort of 108,192 patients who were ≥65 years of age as of 1/1/2018 with pre-existing chronic conditions including diabetes, COPD, cardiovascular disease, or kidney disease. Extreme heat event period was defined as 5/1/2018 to 9/1/2018 (79 days with temperature ≥90o; 15 days of moderately poor/poor air quality index (AQI) [≥75] values) and the comparison period was defined as 5/1/2019 to 9/1/2019 (51 days with temperature ≥90o; 0 days with moderately poor/poor AQI values) in the Kansas City area. We randomly partitioned the study cohort into two sets and demonstrated the two patient sets were statistically similar (p&gt;0.05) with respect to their demographic and underlying health conditions. Finally, we compared the respiratory, cardiovascular, and renal health outcomes between the 2018 and the 2019 cohorts. Most patients were Caucasians, female and had comorbid conditions. Results showed significantly higher number of all-cause emergency department visits (p=0.04) and outpatient visits (p=&lt;.001) during the extreme heat event period in 2018. Analyses also showed significantly higher number of outpatient visits due to upper respiratory diseases (p=0.008) and acute renal failure (p=0.01) in 2018. In conclusion, extreme heat increased use of healthcare services in older adults with chronic conditions.
Psychiatric Disorders and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Veterans With Subjective Memory Complaints
Authors: Delgadillo Mia , Frank Megan , Boese Aidan , Schulte Tilman , Fairchild J Kaci 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Psychiatric disorders pose a unique risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Prior research indicates psychiatric disorders in MCI increase AD vulnerability. Less research has been done to understand how psychiatric disorders may affect the development of MCI. Understanding these potentially modifiable risk factors is important as they may represent a potential target of intervention for secondary prevention of AD. The present study examines the relationship between psychiatric disorders and amnestic MCI (aMCI) in a sample of Veterans with subjective memory complaints. The sample included 150 older adults with subjective memory complaints (90% male, age = 70.6±8.2). aMCI diagnosis was based upon performance on the delayed recall trials of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Logical Memory II of the Wechsler Memory Scale-4th edition. Psychiatric disorders (e.g., Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, and Substance Use Disorders) were assessed using the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview for DSM-IV. Logistic regression modeling demonstrated that diagnosis of anxiety disorders, but not mood or substance use disorders, was significantly associated with aMCI status. Specifically, older adults with an anxiety disorder were less likely to have aMCI than those older adults without an anxiety disorder. Additional analyses revealed that within those with aMCI (n=107), persons with a psychiatric disorder were significantly younger than those without a psychiatric disorder by an average of 6 years. These findings support prior research on the complex relationship of anxiety and cognitive impairment as well as suggest that those with psychiatric disorders may be at risk for developing aMCI at younger ages.
The Role of Functional Risk and Fear of Falling in Older Adults’ Everyday Walking Activity
Authors: Jansen Carl-Philipp , Klenk Jochen , Nerz Corinna , Labudek Sarah , Kramer Franziska , Becker Clemens , Schwenk Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Some persons have low functional risk (FR) but also high levels of fear of falling (FOF), in some it may be the exact opposite; in others, FOF matches actual functional risk. In order to characterise older persons in this respect, Delbaere et al. (2010) defined four groups: ‘vigorous’ (low FR/FOF), ‘anxious’ (low FR/high FOF), ‘stoic’ (high FR/low FOF), and ‘aware’ (high FR/FOF). We examined how the proposed group model translates into actual walking behaviour and explored whether group differences in walking occur due to FR level rather than the amount of FOF. Group allocation of N=294 participants was determined based on previously published cut-offs for FR (high vs. low Timed Up-and-Go) and FOF (high vs. low Short Falls-Efficacy Scale International). Walking activity was operationalised as mean number of steps per day over one week, assessed using ‘activPAL4™ micro’ accelerometers. Number of steps in the four groups were 6,335 (‘vigorous’), 5,782 (‘anxious’), 4,851 (‘stoic’), and 4,627 (‘aware’). Linear regression results showed that in the two low FR groups, those with high FOF did not differ significantly from the reference group with low FOF (anxious - vigorous: B=-645.3 steps, p=.157); however, the two groups with high FR showed a significantly different number of steps than the ‘vigorous’ group, irrespective of their FOF (aware-vigorous: B=-1536.1 steps, p=.002; stoic-vigorous: B=-1314.8 steps, p=.005). This means that FR outperformed FOF in their association with walking behaviour, i.e., participants can be better separated in their daily walking behaviour by FR than by FOF.
Use of Sitters for Patient Safety in a Veteran Population
Authors: Kresevic Denise , Burant Christopher 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Patient safety including falls risk, is a high priority and an increasing challenge for all health care facilities. Safety risk factors include both physical factors and psychological factors. One common strategy to increase safety has been the use of “sitters.”. Studies on functions and outcomes are conflicting some have reported no differences in falls, decreases in falls and restraints, and increases in falls. A total survey sample of 22 “sitters” and 56 registered nurses conducted at a large midwestern VA facility to assess perceptions of sitters. Groups were similar in ages (41-50 years) with sitters having slightly more experience (11-20 years) versus nurses (6-10 years). Safety conditions most likely to be identified with sitter usage were delirium, elopement, and being a hospice patient. Sitters were more likely to identify falls risk, sitters 63% of time versus RN perception 30.9% (Chi Square=7.0, df=l, p=.008); dementia 59% vs 13% (Chi square=17.15, df=1, p=.001); and weakness 66.7% vs 18.2% (Chi square=16.54, df=1, p=.001). Sitters were more likely to have training in delirium 55% vs nurses, 34% (Chi sq=2.557, df=1 p=.11). Nurses identified that the use of sitters were very likely to prevent falls 29.8%, calm patients 25.2%, maintain lines 25.2%, prevent elopement 30.5% and redirect patients 29.7%. Nurses identified the following available safety strategies: alarms (67.2%), adjusting assignment (47.2%), music therapy (5.4%), use of restraints (&lt;2%), pet therapy (&lt;2%), and video monitoring (&lt;1%). Implementation of safety programs must address availability of multiple strategies including: matching sitter competencies with patient populations served.
Affective Response During a Sorting Task for Geriatric Hoarding
Authors: Dozier Mary , Young Amy , Camilleri Scott 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Previous research suggests older adults with hoarding disorder are more likely to express non-fear-based emotions when sorting. The purpose of this study was to examine the emotions expressed by eight rural-dwelling older adults with hoarding disorder when sorting and discarding possessions. The study took place in participants’ homes and involved a 15-minute behavioral sorting task where participants were asked to sort through personal items and make a decision to either keep or discard each item. Participants were asked to rate their Subjective Units of Distress (SUDs) and to state their emotional state prior to the sorting task, every 5 minutes throughout the test, and after completing the task. Four participants did not complete the sorting task due to a lack of a desire to discard objects (e.g., “I want to keep it all”). For the four participants who did complete the task, an average of 53 items were sorted and an average of 24 items were discarded. The average decrease in SUDs from pre-task to post-task was 40. Overall, most participants reported feeling positive emotions before, during, and following the task, with the most commonly reported emotion being joy. This study supports prior research suggesting that not all hoarding is fear based and that older adults may be more motivated by increasing positive associations with sorting and discarding. A focus on increasing patients’ insight and sense of self-efficacy may lead to increased treatment gains for older adults with hoarding disorder.
An extended ice-age sea-level equation: incorporating water flux across sills
Authors: Coulson Sophie , Al-Attar David , Mitrovica Jerry 
Published: December 2020

Summary
We present a generalized theory governing gravitationally self-consistent, spatio-temporal sea-level changes within an ocean-plus-lake system that is intermittently connected by water mass flux across a sill. Our expressions for the change in sea level (defined as the difference in height of the sea surface equipotential relative to the solid surface) hold for any Earth model, and easily incorporate effects of viscoelastic deformation of the solid Earth and perturbations in both the gravitational field and rotation vector (as is now standard in ice-age sea-level calculations). In its most general form, the theory also includes an exact treatment of the evolving shoreline position in both water bodies. Our formalism involves three cases: (1) one global ocean, in which mass transfer may occur between ice sheets and the global ocean; (2) an ocean and lake separated by an exposed sill, in which mass transfer may occur between ice sheets and the global ocean, and between the ocean and lake via evaporative flux; and (3) transitional phases between these two states, when the ocean surface reaches the height of the sill from below (i.e., the sill is breached) or above (the sill is exposed). We illustrate the new theory using examples from the Black Sea flooding during the last deglacial phase (∼10 ka) and sea-level fall in the Mediterranean Sea during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.96-5.33 Ma). These examples demonstrate the importance of including the geophysical feedbacks associated with sea-level change in an isolated basin in the dynamics of flooding and desiccation.
Laterally varying scattering properties in the North Anatolian Fault Zone from ambient noise cross-correlations
Authors: van Dinther Chantal , Margerin Ludovic , Campillo Michel 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY
Intrinsic absorption and scattering properties provide us with information about the physical state and heterogeneity of the Earth’s crust. These properties are usually obtained by observing the energy decay of naturally occurring earthquakes, leading to sparse spatial sampling and therefore average scattering values over a large region. This study uses ambient noise cross-correlations to analyse the energy decay and scattering properties over a part of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF; Turkey) from the continuous records of the 73 stations of the DANA temporary array in the frequency band 0.1–0.5 Hz. The region covered by the stations has rapidly varying geological characteristics and is highly faulted around the northern strand of the NAF. We measured in the noise correlations the space–time evolution of the energy of the coda waves. We first perform measurements in separate subregions. The local scattering and attenuation properties are obtained by global optimization of a 2-D solution of the radiative transfer equation for surface waves. We found that the mean free path and attenuation coefficient are considerably varying laterally with strong scattering observed in the region lying along the northern strand of NAF. The optimization provides well-constrained values for the scattering mean free path on the order of 10 km in the fault region. The mean free path is much larger (&gt;100 km) in the neighbouring regions. We compare our global observations with a phonon based Monte Carlo simulation of scattered energy in a laterally variable scattering model. These simulations confirm the large contrast of heterogeneity between NAF and the surrounding crust and provide further constraints on the lateral extent of NAF. When sources are located inside the fault zone, we find a signature of the actual non-uniform scattering properties, observed as a concentration of energy in the fault zone for a limited amount of time. This in turn suggests that lateral variations of scattering properties should be taken into account in future monitoring studies.
Anti-HA antibody does not detect hyaluronan
Authors: Šínová Romana , Žádníková Petra , Šafránková Barbora , Nešporová Kristina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is generally known that hyaluronic acid (HA) is a biocompatible and biodegradable glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout epithelial, connective and neural tissues. HA is one of the chief components of the extracellular matrix. Lack of immunogenicity is one of the biggest advantages of the therapeutic use of HA, but it also prevents the production of specific anti-HA antibodies. Contrary to this, there are still several studies performing HA detection by immunohistochemical or immunohistofluorescent method using an anti-HA antibody. Therefore, this short study discusses whether the anti-HA antibody is specific for HA. To verify the specificity of the HA staining the hyaluronidase treatment of histological samples was performed and the ability of anti-HA antibody and biotinylated HA binding protein (bHABP)-based probe to bind to their targets was evaluated. Additionally, the competitive binding assay with short HA oligosaccharides and subsequent histological staining was performed. Both assays showed that the anti-HA antibody is not sufficiently specific for HA and that the bHABP probe is a reliable method for HA detection in histological samples. The conclusion made by previous investigators based on using HA antibodies should be reevaluated and future use of anti-HA antibody should be avoided.
Testing risk and protective factor assumptions in the Icelandic model of adolescent substance use prevention
Authors: Kristjansson Alfgeir L , Lilly Christa L , Thorisdottir Ingibjorg E , Allegrante John P , Mann Michael J , Sigfusson Jon , Soriano Humberto E , Sigfusdottir Inga Dora 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Iceland has witnessed a dramatic decline in adolescent substance use that may be partly the result of efforts related to the Icelandic prevention model (IPM). We sought to test risk and protective factor assumptions of the IPM using a prospective cohort study with 12 months separating baseline from follow-up. Participants were students in grades 8 and 9 in the national Icelandic school system enrolled in the spring of 2018 and 2019 (N=2165). Participants self-reported their experiences of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and cannabis use and seven risk and protective factors. Analyses were conducted with generalized linear modeling with extension to general estimating equations with correlated outcomes data. Both individual main-effects models and collective models including all main-effects were tested. Out of 28 individual main-effects models, 23 produced findings consistent with study premises (P&lt;0.05). Multiple main-effects models largely sustained the findings of the individual main-effects models. Findings support the assumption that the risk and protective factors commonly emphasized in the IPM are associated with the four different substance use outcomes in the hypothesized direction. Communities that plan to implement the IPM among adolescents might consider these factors in their work.