bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal PM2.5 exposure triggers preterm birth: a cross-sectional study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , Fan Cuifang , Ren Zhan , Feng Huan , Zuo Shanshan , Hao Jiayuan , Liao Jingling , Zou Yuliang , Ma Lu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost of the studies regarding air pollution and preterm birth (PTB) in highly polluted areas have estimated the exposure level based on fixed-site monitoring. However, exposure assessment methods relying on monitors have the potential to cause exposure misclassification due to a lack of spatial variation. In this study, we utilized a land use regression (LUR) model to assess individual exposure, and explored the association between PM2.5exposure during each time window and the risk of preterm birth in Wuhan city, China.MethodsInformation on 2101 singleton births, which were ≥ 20 weeks of gestation and born between November 1, 2013 and May 31, 2014; between January 1, 2015 and August 31, 2015, was obtained from the Obstetrics Department in one 3A hospital in Wuhan. Air quality index (AQI) data were accessed from the Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau website. Individual exposure during pregnancy was assessed by LUR models and Kriging interpolation. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between women exposure to PM2.5and the risk of different subtypes of PTB.ResultsDuring the study period, the average individual exposure concentration of PM2.5during the entire pregnancy was 84.54 μg/m3. A 10 μg/m3increase of PM2.5exposure in the first trimester (OR: 1.169; 95%CI: 1.077, 1.262), the second trimester (OR: 1.056; 95%CI: 1.015, 1.097), the third trimester (OR: 1.052; 95%CI: 1.002, 1.101), and the entire pregnancy (OR: 1.263; 95%CI: 1.158, 1.368) was significantly associated with an increased risk of PTB. For the PTB subgroup, the hazard of PM2.5exposure during pregnancy was stronger for very preterm births (VPTB) than moderate preterm births (MPTB). The first trimester was the most susceptible exposure window. Moreover, women who had less than 9 years of education or who conceived during the cold season tended to be more susceptible to the PM2.5exposure during pregnancy.ConclusionsMaternal exposure to PM2.5increased the risk of PTB, and this risk was stronger for VPTB than for MPTB, especially during the first trimester.
Development of an inventory to assess perceived barriers related to PKU treatment
Authors: Teruya Katia Irie , Remor Eduardo , Schwartz Ida Vanessa Doederlein 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
According to studies of phenylketonuria (PKU), the Brazilian population’s metabolic control shows unsatisfactory indexes from childhood. Research on patients’ perceived difficulties or barriers to adherence to treatment can help us to comprehend how these outcomes are associated. The present study aimed to: (1) describe the development of an inventory for identifying the most frequent and relevant perceived barriers to PKU treatment from the perspective of patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals; (2) evaluate certain psychometric characteristics of the new measure; and, (3) explore potential predictors (sociodemographic and medical characteristics) that may contribute to increasing the number of perceived barriers and examine whether the number of barriers is associated with the degree of adherence shown by the patient.

Results
Participants in the study were 23 patients with PKU (M age = 18.0 years; SD = 7.3; range 6 to 34 years; 69% early-treated) in classical (n = 11) and mild (n = 12) form, and 11 caregivers. The inventory, developed to ascertain perceived barriers to treatment, was completed by patients (≥ 13 years) and caregivers of patients aged 6 to 17 years. Analyses were conducted to investigate whether barrier inventory scores were associated with adherence to treatment as measured by phenylalanine levels in patients’ medical records. Scores on the inventory differed across the patient age groups: adolescents had lower scores (i.e. reported fewer barriers) compared with those of adults (U = 8.000, p = 0.008); patients with better recent metabolic control also reported fewer perceived barriers than did patients with poor adherence (U = 20.000, p = 0.009); and the number of perceived barriers was positively associated with recent blood phenylalanine concentration (Kendall’s taub = 0.41; p = 0.001).

Conclusions
These results suggest that the inventory has merit in assessing perceived barriers and support the need for further research on barriers perceived by PKU patients.
COVID-19 pandemic and the risk of infection in multiple sclerosis patients on disease modifying therapies: “what the bleep do we know?”
Authors: Mansoor Salman , Kelly Siobhan , Murphy Kevin , Waters Aine , Siddiqui Nauman Saleem 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus which emerged in Wuhan province of China has taken world by surprise. Since been diagnosed in December 2019, it has been termed a “Pandemic” and there is a growing concern in physicians across the globe. As new evidence is emerging, there are various preventative strategies which are being deployed. Multiple sclerosis patients who are on disease modifying therapies (DMTs) might be at a higher risk of acquiring or a poorer outcome due to their immune status. This review looks at the available evidence in managing this global crisis.
The physiological effect of pre-soaking with tryptophan on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) productivity under different levels of salinity stresses
Authors: Hozayn M. , Abd-Elmonem A. A. , Samaha Ghada M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Salinity has a negative effect on the productivity of many crops. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of pre-soaking in different concentrations of tryptophan (0.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mM) on growth, yield and root quality of two sugar beet cultivars (DS-9004 and LP-15) under different salinity levels (320, 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 ppm) in an effort to reduce salinity damage on sugar beet. The data were collected at 2 stages of growth (75 and 180 days after sowing).

Results
The results revealed that the pre-soaking in tryptophan treatments (2.5 mM) were the most effective treatments under different salinity levels and caused significant increases in all tested parameters of this study. Moreover, increasing salinity levels decreased significantly the root purity parameters and increased impurity parameters of sugar beet. The DS-9004 cultivar gave the highest values of all studied parameters compared with the LP-15 cultivar under different salinity levels with tryptophan (2.5 mM). Chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll a/b ratio, as well as carotenoids content, were highest in DS-9004 cultivar, while chlorophyll b content was highest in LP-15 cultivar at 75 days.

Conclusions
Salinity level up to 320 ppm positively affected the growth yield of sugar beet while the highest significant reduction was associated with increasing salinity up to 8000 ppm. Thus, pre-soaking in tryptophan (2.5 mM) has a promotive effect on increasing sugar beet yield under water salinity conditions.
In silico molecular GRIP docking of some secondary metabolites combating diabesity
Authors: De Baishakhi , Bhandari Koushik , Singla Rajeev K. , Saha Gargi , Goswami Tridib Kumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis research article aims to study at molecular level by in silico GRIP docking the effectivity of the detected compounds in value added black tea or VABT, prepared in a chemometrically optimized ratio of Black tea:Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum):Ginger (Zingiber officinale):Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) in combating diabesity.ResultsThe compounds in VABT were identified by liquid chromatography-mass chromatography. Basing on the desirability function, the chemometrically optimized weight ratio of VABT was determined to be 420:50:54:26 (Black tea:cinnamon:ginger:cardamom). Among the identified molecules, phlorizin, 6-gingerol, procyanidin, and epicatechin were docked with insulin receptor kinase, pancreatic lipase-colipase complex, and human FTO. The high negative dock scores of the test molecules in inhibiting the enzymes suggest their potency.ConclusionsThus, the results of in silico studies predicted the potency of VABT in combating diabesity. VABT thus has potency and can serve as a nutrotherapeutic entity against diabesity.
Structure/Function Study of Photoreceptive Proteins by FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Kandori Hideki 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Light-induced difference Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a powerful, sensitive and informative method for studying protein structural changes in photoreceptive proteins. Strong absorption of water in the IR region is always an issue in this method. However, if water content in the sample is controlled during measurements, this method can provide detailed structural information on a single protein-bound water molecule. We optimized the measuring conditions of light-induced difference FTIR spectroscopy to hydrated film samples. In doing so, highly accurate difference FTIR spectra were successfully obtained for a light-driven proton-pump bacteriorhodopsin (BR), not only in the conventional 1800–800 cm−1 region, but also in the 4000–1800 cm−1 region. A highly accurate measuring system of light-induced difference FTIR spectroscopy was applied to various photoreceptive proteins such as animal and microbial rhodopsins, and comprehensive FTIR analyses revealed that proton-pumping rhodopsins possess strongly hydrogen-bonded water molecules. It was concluded that a strongly hydrogen-bonded water molecule is the functional determinant of a proton pump. FTIR spectroscopy was also applied to flavin-binding photoreceptors, where we elucidated the molecular mechanisms of adduct formation in the LOV domain, hydrogen-bonding alteration in the BLUF domain, and activation and DNA-repair mechanisms in photolyases. In studies on rhodopsin, we contributed to the discovery and creation of new functions, where FTIR spectroscopy was used for the molecular characterization of new rhodopsins. These new rhodopsins offer promising tools in optogenetics that revolutionized brain sciences. As highlighted in this review article, we provided new insights into the structure/function relationship of biomolecules by unique difference FTIR spectroscopy. In particular, by studying photoreceptive proteins such as rhodopsins, we clarified the mechanism of how light is taken into proteins, and how it leads to their function.
How Do Product Attributes and Reviews Moderate the Impact of Recommender Systems Through Purchase Stages?
Authors: Lee Dokyun , Hosanagar Kartik 
Published: May 2020

We investigate the moderating effect of product attributes and review ratings on views, conversion|views (conversion conditional on views), and final conversion of a purchase-based collaborative filtering recommender system on an e-commerce site. We run a randomized field experiment on a top retailer with 184,375 users split into a recommender-treated group and a control group. We tag theory-driven attributes of 37,125 unique products via Amazon Mechanical Turk to augment the usual product data (e.g., review ratings, descriptions). By examining the recommender’s impact through different stages—awareness (views), salience (conversion|views), and final conversion—and across product types, we provide nuanced insights. The study confirms that the recommender increases views, conversion|views, and final conversion rates by 15.3%, 21.6%, and 7.5%, respectively, but this lift is moderated by product attributes and review ratings. We find that the lift on product views is greater for utilitarian products compared with hedonic products as well as for experience products compared with search products. In contrast, the lift on conversion|views rate is greater for hedonic products compared with utilitarian products. Furthermore, the lift on views rate is greater for products with higher average review ratings, which suggests that a recommender acts as a complement to review ratings, whereas the opposite is true for conversion|views, where recommender and review ratings are substitutes. Additionally, a recommender’s awareness lift is greater than its saliency impact. We discuss the potential mechanisms behind our results as well as their managerial implications. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, information systems.
<p><strong>A review of the Korean Ampulicidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), with a description of a new species</strong></p>
Authors: KIM JEONG-KYU 
Published: May 2020

The Korean Ampulicidae is studied including recently collected specimens. Three species of the genus Ampulex are recognized including one new species, namely Ampulex kurarensis Yasumatsu, A. satoi Yasumatsu, and A. nigripronota sp. nov. The non-type materials of A. satoi and the Korean localities of A. kurarensis are reported for the first time. However, it is noted that there has been no material formally evidencing the occurrence of A. dissector in Korea. The new species is easily recognized by black pronotum with flat (not tuberculate subapically) and transversely ridged collar. A key to the Korean species of the genus Ampulex is provided. A description of the new species and taxonomic notes of each previously described species are provided. Key words: Taxonomy, Ampulex nigripronota sp. nov., Ampulex kurarensis, Ampulex satoi, key, diagnosis
‘Frozen shoulder’ is ill-defined. How can it be described better?
Authors: Abrassart Sophie , Kolo Franck , Piotton Sébastian , Chih-Hao Chiu Joe , Stirling Patrick , Hoffmeyer Pierre , Lädermann Alexandre 
Published: May 2020

Frozen shoulder, a common and debilitating shoulder complaint, has been the subject of uncertainty within the scientific literature and clinical practice. We performed an electronic PubMed search on all (1559) articles mentioning ‘frozen shoulder’ or ‘adhesive capsulitis’ to understand and qualify the range of naming, classification and natural history of the disease. We identified and reviewed six key thought leadership papers published in the past 10 years and all (24) systematic reviews published on frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis in the past five years. This revealed that, while key thought leaders such as the ISAKOS Upper Extremity Council are unequivocal that ‘adhesive capsulitis’ is an inappropriate term, the long-term and short-term trends showed the literature (63% of systematic reviews assessed) preferred ‘adhesive capsulitis’. The literature was divided as to whether or not to classify the complaint as primary only (9 of 24) or primary and secondary (9 of 24); six did not touch on classification. Furthermore, despite a systematic review in 2016 showing no evidence to support a three-phase self-limiting progression of frozen shoulder, 11 of 12 (92%) systematic reviews that mentioned phasing described a three-phase progression. Eight (33%) described it as ‘self-limiting’, three (13%) described it as self-limiting in ‘nearly all’ or ‘most’ cases, and six (25%) stated that it was not self-limiting; seven (29%) did not touch on disease resolution. We call for a data and patient-oriented approach to the classification and description of the natural history of the disease, and recommend authors and clinicians (1) use the term ‘frozen shoulder’ over ‘adhesive capsulitis’, (2) use an updated definition of the disease which recognizes the often severe pain suffered, and (3) avoid the confusing and potentially harmful repetition of the natural history of the disease as a three-phase, self-limiting condition.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:273-279.DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190032
Performance Assessment of a Self-propelled Paddy Grain Thresher under Different Threshing Functional Parameters
Authors: LOOH George Ashwehmbom , MANGEH (III) Fondzenyuy Cedric , WANG Xunwei , WANG Xiushan 
Published: May 2020

HighlightsThis research was aimed at assessing the performance of a self-propelled paddy grain thresher.Increasing cylinder speed increased the threshing percentage and percentage of broken grains of the machine.More broken grains were obtained at a lower concave clearance.The feed rate did not have much significance on the performance parameters that were evaluated. Abstract.This research was conducted to assess the performance of a self-propelled mini combine harvester, model number 4LZ-0.8 under different threshing functional parameters such as cylinder speed, concave clearance, and feed rate. An indoor experiment was conducted using the mini combine with an axial flow threshing cylinder and tangential feeding of material. These functional parameters were set at 5 levels each. The responses were obtained in terms of threshing percentage, percentage of unthreshed grains and percentage of broken grains. Response values were analyzed using the response surface tool (rstool) in MATLAB. Analysis of variance was done to determine the significant effects of the factor variations on the response values. MATLAB was used to present response surface graphs that were used to describe the variations of the responses as the factors changed from one level to the other. Results showed that with an increase in cylinder speed from 697 to 1202 rpm, the percentage of broken grains increased significantly from 0.0384% to 3.4052%, respectively. At cylinder speeds of 697 and 1202 rpm, the percentage of unthreshed grains increased from 0.1515% to 0.2162%, respectively. Furthermore, an increase in feed rate decreased the threshing percentage. The highest threshing percentage was obtained at an average concave clearance of 27 mm. Furthermore, it was realized that increasing the concave clearance from 18 to 35 mm, equally increased the percentage of unthreshed grains from 0.1478% to 0.3177%. The percentage of grain damage decreased from 3.2758% to 0.0268% with an increase in concave clearance from 18 to 35 mm, respectively. From the results obtained, it was tested and suggested that operating the threshing cylinder at a cylinder speed of 1100 rpm, concave clearance of 27 mm and feed rate of 0.9 kg s-1 offered the best machine performance. At these suggested values of the operating parameters, the threshing percentage was 99.9801%, the percentage of broken grains was 0.0134%, and the percentage of unthreshed grains was 0.0199%. Keywords: Assessment, Axial threshing unit, Cylinder speed, Concave clearance, Feed rate, Functional parameters, Threshing percentage.
Development of a Variable-Rate Controller for a Low-Cost Precision Planter
Authors: Coelho Andre L.de F. , Queiroz Daniel M. de , Valente Domingos S.M. , Pinto Francisco A. C. 
Published: May 2020

HighlightsA low-cost controller for variable-rate seeding was developed.The controller successfully identified management zones and changed the angular velocity of the seed metering device.The variable-rate controller maintained the actual seeding rate according to the prescribed seeding map.Abstract. The use of machines for variable-rate applications is becoming popular in modern agriculture. Due to the presence of imported and complex components, the acquisition cost of these machines is high for smallholder farmers. Several studies have been carried out using low-cost components in the development of precision agriculture machines to facilitate their adoption in low-income agriculture. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop a variable-rate controller for a low-cost precision planter. The system was developed and installed on a 1-row manual planter with a horizontal perforated disk distributor. A direct-current electric motor was used to drive the seed metering device. The angular velocity of the electric motor was controlled by a BeagleBone Black single-board computer. A program was written in Python 3.6 language, and a graphical user interface was generated by using PyQt5. Field trials were performed with maize seeds using a 28-hole disk and a prescription seeding map with four management zones. The row spacing was 0.75 m, and the planter ground speed was close to 1.0 m s-1. Field tests showed that the controller was effective at identifying the four management zones and controlling the angular velocity of the motor. By counting the number of plants germinated in the field test, it was verified that the variation in the angular velocity of the motor produced a change in the planting density. At each management zone, the planting density corresponded to the prescribed seeding map. The total cost of the parts used to assemble the controller was US$337.97, characterizing it as low cost. Successful field tests showed the potential for using low-cost components to develop variable-rate machines for smallholder farmers. Keywords: Low-income agriculture, Management zones, Precision agriculture, Single-board computer, Smallholder farmers.
Optometry at the Intersection of Gender, Race and Class in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Hebert Kirsten L. 
Published: May 2020

This biographical study of Dr. Bess Francis Coleman profiles the experience of an African American woman in the early twentieth century, employing a critical lens to explore how race, gender and class shaped her life and career, and the methodology of microhistory to draw out the ways in which her life exemplifies and signifies the essential work of African American women professionals during this era. Dr. Bess “Bessie” Anderson Francis Coleman (1893-1967) was the first documented African American woman licensed to practice optometry in the United States. A native of Kentucky, Dr. Coleman’s first career was as a schoolteacher in her native Harrodsburg. In 1923, she married pharmacist John B. Coleman, Jr. The Colemans moved to West Palm Beach, Florida in 1923, and then Chicago, Illinois in 1925 where they opened a chain of pharmacies in the Bronzeville neighborhood. Dr. Coleman received her training at the Northern Illinois College of Optometry from 1932-1934. In 1935, she moved back to Kentucky with her son, where she cared for her elderly parents and opened the only optometry practice in Lexington’s Brucetown neighborhood, well-known for its African American physicians. In 1942, she retired to Denver, Colorado’s African American enclave, Whittier. She died in 1967 and was buried in the Maple Grove Cemetery in her hometown.