bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards active buildings: Rating grid-servicing buildings
Authors: Fosas Daniel , Nikolaidou Elli , Roberts Matthew , Allen Stephen , Walker Ian , Coley David 
Published: December 2020

In most industrialized countries, the buildings sector is the largest contributor to energy consumption and associated carbon emissions. These emissions can be reduced by a combination of energy efficiency and the use of building integrated renewables. Additionally, either singularly or as a group, buildings can provide energy network services by timing their use and production of energy. Such grid-aware or grid-responsive buildings have been termed Active Buildings. The recent UK Government investment of £36m in the Active Building Centre is a demonstration that such buildings are of considerable interest. One problem with the concept, however, is that there is no clear definition of Active Buildings, nor a building code to design or research against. Here we develop and test an initial novel code, called ABCode1. It is based on the need to encourage: (i) the minimisation of energy consumption; (ii) building-integrated generation; (iii) the provision of grid services; and (iv) the minimisation of embodied carbon. For grid services, we find that a lack of a precise, quantifiable measure, or definition, of such services means that for the time being, theoretical hours of autonomy of the building is the most reasonable proxy for these services within such a code. Practical application Buildings have a special role in the transition to a sustainable energy infrastructure and a decarbonised society. They can become an active part of energy networks by leveraging strategies and technologies that are already available, but are not yet articulated in an integrated scheme that facilitates their uptake at scale. This work provides a review of the issues and opportunities, and introduces a practical framework aimed at helping designers and researchers study and deliver such buildings, and in particular the buildings that will form the exemplars in the first wave of Active Buildings.
Building Consensus about the Functional Vision Assessment Process: A Delphi Study
Authors: Kaiser Justin T. , Rosenblum L. Penny , Herzberg Tina S. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Within the field of visual impairment, there is no set of standards that guide teachers of students with visual impairments as they conduct, report, and share functional vision assessment (FVA) results with other educational team members, and university instructors vary in how they teach the assessment process to preservice teachers. Methods: In parallel, a group of teachers of students with visual impairments and a group of university instructors completed three rounds of a Delphi study. After providing background information in Round 1, they rated 84 statements about the FVA process. The level for consensus was set at 80%. Results: Of the 84 statements, consensus was reached for 45 statements regarding the level of importance by both groups. Participants rated 11 of 22 visual skills (e.g., near acuity, distance acuity) as extremely important to include in the FVA process. Discussion: There continues to be a need to build consensus on when FVAs should be conducted, what visual skills should be included when conducting them, what should be included in reports, and with whom assessment information should be shared. The importance of conducting such assessments for all students, including students under the age of 5 years and those with additional disabilities, needs to be recognized by the field of visual impairment. Implications for practitioners: University personnel need to work together to develop consistent curricula that focuses on the FVA process. Future studies that examine the FVA practices of individual teachers are necessary.
Treatment of Ectopic Earlobe in Microtia Reconstruction Using Delayed Postauricular Skin Flap
Authors: Ding Wei , Zhang Bo , Wu Zihan , Zhang Yang , Long Xiren , Xu Suqi , Li Gaofeng 
Published: December 2020

Objective: This article discusses a treatment technique for ectopic earlobe in microtia reconstruction using a delayed postauricular skin flap. Methods: From January 2015 to September 2018, microtia reconstruction using a delayed postauricular skin flap was performed on 10 patients with microtia. During the operation, the position of the affected-side earlobe was designed according to the position of the opposite side. The ectopic earlobe was corrected by performing asymmetric Z-plasty or using an irregular “Y-V” advancement skin flap. This allowed full use of the remnant tissue of the microtia-affected ear to form a soft, plump, and realistic earlobe. Results: After the earlobe displacement surgery, the blood supply of the earlobe was good, and the reconstructed earlobe survived well without ulceration in all 10 patients. All patients were followed up for 2 months to 2 years. During this time, the positions of the reconstructed ear and the healthy side were basically symmetrical, and the shape of the earlobe formed by the remnant ear was natural. Conclusion: The use of asymmetric Z-plasty or an irregular “Y-V” advancement skin flap for the treatment of ectopic earlobe in microtia reconstruction using a delayed postauricular skin flap is a safe and effective method.
Perioperative Intravenous Low-Dose Ketamine Infusion to Minimize Pain for Septorhinoplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study
Authors: Ates Irem , Aydin Muhammed Enes , Celik Erkan Cem , Gozeler Mustafa Sitki , Ahiskalioglu Ali 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: Studies investigating the effects of intravenous (IV) ketamine in pain management after septorhinoplasty is limited. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose IV infusion of ketamine on pain scores. Methods: This randomized, prospective, double-blind study was conducted with 48 patients who underwent septorhinoplasty. Intravenous ketamine bolus (0.5 mg/kg) was administered to the ketamine group (group K, n = 24) at anesthesia induction, and ketamine infusion was continued (0.25 mg/kg/h) during the surgery. In the control group (group C, n = 24), the same protocol was administered using saline instead of ketamine. Furthermore, 50-mg dexketoprofen trometamol was administered to both groups 30 minutes before the end of the surgery. Then it was repeated at the 12th and 24th hours postoperatively. Pain scores were evaluated with the visual analogue scale. Consumptions intraoperative of opioid and sevoflurane, rescue opioid requirement, patient satisfaction, and side effects were recorded. Results: Pain scores were significantly lower in group K at all postoperative periods ( P < .05). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of intraoperative sevoflurane and remifentanil consumptions ( P > .05). Rescue opioid analgesic requirements were significantly lower in group K than group C (0/24 vs 6/24, respectively; P  = .022). Side effects were similar between the groups ( P > .05). Conclusion: We recommend the administration of low-dose ketamine infusion during septorhinoplasty surgery because it reduces the requirement for rescue opioid analgesia and postoperative pain scores.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Follow-Ups for Vertigo/Dizziness Outpatients
Authors: Ueda Keita , Ota Ichiro , Yamanaka Toshiaki , Kitahara Tadashi 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: In the present report, we aimed to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on vertigo/dizziness outpatient cancellations in Japan. Methods: We examined 265 vertigo/dizziness outpatients at the ear, nose, and throat department of the Nara Medical University between March 01, 2020, and May 31, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. We also focused on 478 vertigo/dizziness outpatients between March 01, 2019, and May 31, 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic, to compare the number of cancellations between these 2 periods. The reasons for cancellation and noncancellation were investigated using telephone multiple-choice questionnaires (telMCQs), particularly for patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and Meniere’s disease (MD). Results: There were many cancellations for medical examinations during the 2020 study period. The total number of vertigo/dizziness outpatients decreased by 44.6% in the 2020 period compared to the same period in 2019. The percent reduction in clinic attendance from 2019 to 2020 (ie, [2019-2020]/2019) for patients with BPPV was higher than that for patients with MD. Compared to the other vertigo-associated conditions, patients with MD exhibited a lower percent reduction in clinic attendance. According to the results of the telMCQs, 75.0% of BPPV cases and 88.2% of MD cases cancelled their appointment and gave up visiting hospitals due to fear of COVID-19 infection, even if they had moderate to severe symptoms. On the contrary, 25.0% and 80.0% patients with BPPV and MD, respectively, did not cancel their appointment; they should not have visited the hospital but stayed at home because they had slight symptoms. Conclusions: These findings suggest that advanced forms should be prepared for medical care, such as remote medicine. These forms should not only be for the disease itself but also for the mental distress caused by persistent symptoms.
Treatment of Early Stage Tonsil Cancer in the Age of Human Papillomavirus–Associated Malignancies
Authors: Patel Evan J. , Zhu Angela W. , Oliver Jamie R. , Cornwell MacIntosh , Jacobson Adam S. , Hu Kenneth S. , Tam Moses , Vaezi Alec , Morris Luc G. T. , Givi Babak 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the patterns of care and outcomes of treatment of early stage tonsil cancers, controlling for human papillomavirus (HPV) status.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingNational Cancer Database (NCDB).MethodsReview of the NCDB between 2010 and 2017 for all T1‐2N0M0 tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Demographics, clinical characteristics, HPV status, treatment regimens, and survival were analyzed.ResultsA total of 4720 patients were identified with early stage SCC of the tonsil. Most were tested for HPV (2759 [58.5%]). Among tested patients, 1758 (63.7%) were positive for HPV and 1001 (36.3%) were negative for HPV. HPV‐positive patients had higher 3‐year survival compared to HPV‐negative patients (93.2% vs 77.8%, P <. 001). Among HPV‐positive patients, there was no significant difference in survival between treatment cohorts. However, in the HPV‐negative cohort, 3‐year survival was higher in both bimodality surgical‐based settings (tonsillectomy + neck dissection + radiotherapy, 86.0% vs chemoradiotherapy, 69.6%, P =. 01) and for all surgical‐based treatments when compared to nonsurgical management (84.6% vs 69.3%, P <. 001). This difference was maintained in multivariable regression controlling for age, sex, comorbidities, clinical T stage, and treatments. In a subpopulation of HPV‐negative patients propensity score matched by all factors significant in multivariable analysis, 3‐year survival remained higher in the surgically treated group compared to the nonsurgically treated cohort (84.9% vs 67.1%, P <. 001).ConclusionsSurgical‐ or radiation‐based treatment resulted in similar survival in early stage HPV‐positive tonsil cancer. Surgical‐based treatments were associated with longer survival in HPV‐negative cancers. These findings should be further investigated in a randomized prospective trial.
Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Sinonasal Lesions Associated With Tumor‐Induced Osteomalacia
Authors: Zhu Zhenzhen , Xia Weibo , Qi Fang , Wang Weiqing , Wang Xiaowei , Zha Yang , Li Fang , Jing Hongli , Wang Peipei , Lv Wei 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of sinonasal tumors associated with tumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO).Study DesignRetrospective case series.SettingSingle tertiary center.MethodsWe studied the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of 43 patients (22 male, 21 female) who had lesions in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus associated with TIO and underwent surgery between August 2006 and November 2019.ResultsThe mean ± SD duration between the onset of symptoms and surgery was 3.9 ± 2.6 years. The most common tumor site was the ethmoid sinus (76.7%), and the skull base was involved in 12 cases. Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors were diagnosed in 41 patients, among whom there was 1 multifocal case. Another 2 cases involved odontogenic fibroma and hemangiofibroma, respectively. Serum phosphorus normalized in 39 cases within 4.4 ± 2.3 days, and serum fibroblastic growth factor 23 normalized within 1 day; clinical symptoms, however, gradually improved within several months after the first operation. There was no significant difference in the recovery rate between endoscopic and open surgery (P = 0.639). Two patients with recurrent cases and 2 with nonremission cases recovered after a sinonasal reoperation. The patient with a multifocal case recovered after the resection of the tumors in the ethmoid sinus and mandible. The overall recovery rate was 97.7%.ConclusionMost sinonasal tumors associated with TIO are located in the ethmoid sinus, and the skull base is involved in some cases. Complete excision of the tumor leads to recovery, and endoscopic surgery could achieve recovery rates similar to those of open surgery.
Comparative Evaluation and Management of Dysphonia Between Adults <65 and ≥65 Years of Age
Authors: Jacks Amy , Kavookjian Hannah , Kraft Shannon 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo compare presenting symptoms, etiology, and treatment outcomes among dysphonic adults <65 and ≥65 years of age.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care voice center between January 2011 and June 2016.MethodsA total of 755 patients presenting for dysphonia were included in the study: 513 adults <65 years of age and 242 adults ≥65. Data collected included demographics, referral information, prior diagnoses, prior treatments, clinical examination findings, diagnosis, coexisting symptoms, treatments, and pre‐ and postintervention Voice Handicap Index scores. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS to determine significant relationships between variables of interest.ResultsThe most common etiologies of dysphonia were vocal cord atrophy (44.8%) in the ≥65 cohort and benign vocal cord lesions (17.8%) in the <65 cohort. When compared with adults <65 years old, patients ≥65 had a higher incidence of neurologic dysphonia (P =. 006) and vocal cord atrophy (P <. 001) but were less likely to have laryngopharyngeal reflux (P =. 001), benign vocal cord lesions (P <. 001), or muscle tension dysphonia (P <. 001). Overall, 139 patients had surgery, 251 received medical therapy, and 156 underwent voice therapy. The ≥65 cohort demonstrated improvement in Voice Handicap Index scores after surgery (P =. 001) and voice therapy (P =. 034), as did the <65 cohort (surgery, P <. 001; voice therapy, P =. 015). Adult surgical patients <65 reported greater improvements than patients ≥65 (P =. 021).ConclusionsThere are notable differences in the pathophysiology of dysphonia between patients aged ≥65 and <65 years. Although adults <65 reported slightly better outcomes with surgery, patients ≥65 obtained significant benefit from surgery and voice therapy.
The role of self-control and sociosexual orientation in partner selection: A speed-dating study
Authors: Pronk Tila M. , Karremans Johan C. , Demetriou Andrew , van der Meij Leander , Denissen Jaap J. A. 
Published: December 2020

Self-control is a crucial factor in maintaining an established romantic relationship, but its role in relationship formation is understudied. The current study tested whether trait self-control is related to a more selective approach toward romantic partners. Over 4 years, we organized 11 speed-date events at which a total of 342 single, heterosexual participants met potential partners. Our results indicated that there was no main effect of self-control on selectivity. However, there was an interaction between self-control and sociosexual orientation (SOI) in predicting selectivity. Specifically, self-control was positively related to selectivity for people with a restricted SOI (i.e., interested in a long-term, stable relationship). For people with an unrestricted SOI (i.e., interested in a short-term, sexual relationship), however, self-control was related to lower selectivity. Our findings point to the flexibility of self-control in facilitating goal progress, stimulating people to refrain from—or act on—their impulses, depending on their own personal mating goals.
Effects of individualized antiplatelet therapy, based on CYP2C19 genotyping, on platelet function in patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zhang Min , Wang Jiangrong , Zhang Yong , Zhang Pei , Chao Yangyang , Gao Mei , Hou Yinglong 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effect of individualized antiplatelet therapy, based on CYP2C19 genotyping, on platelet function in patients underwent PCI and to compare this treatment with conventional antiplatelet therapy. Methods: All patients were treated with 100 mg aspirin once a day. Additionally, the CA group received 75 mg clopidogrel once a day. The IA group was divided into extensive metabolizers (EMs, no loss-of-function, i.e. LOF allele, 75 mg clopidogrel once a day), intermediate metabolizers (IMs, carrying one LOF alleles, 75 mg clopidogrel twice daily), and poor metabolizers group (PMs, carrying two LOF alleles, 90 mg ticagrelor twice daily). After taking these antiplatelet medications for ⩾5 days, we assessed platelet function by thromboelastography, and recorded the MAADP (maximum amplitude produced by adenosine diphosphate) value. MAADP > 47 mm was defined as residual HPR, indicating a high risk of thrombosis. MAADP ≤ 31 mm indicated a high risk of bleeding. Results: The proportion of patients with MAADP > 47 mm was significantly lower in the IA group (29.6%) than the CA group (38.1%). The proportion of patients with MAADP ≤ 31 mm was significantly higher in the IA group (31.0%) than the CA group (21.3%). No significant differences were found in the proportions of patients with MAADP > 47 mm or MAADP ≤31 mm when compared between the EMs and IMs group. Conclusion: Individualized antiplatelet therapy, based on CYP2C19 genotyping, can reduce the incidence of HPR in ACS patients after PCI compared to conventional therapy. By taking a double dose of clopidogrel, patients with a CYP2C19 LOF allele can therefore overcome the reduced efficacy of clopidogrel associated with LOF alleles without increasing the risk of bleeding, which is of guiding significance for the management of antiplatelet therapy on ACS patients after PCI especially considering the CYP2C19 LOF alleles that carry an important predictor for the ischemic events. Clinical trial registration number: chiCTR-INC-17011550.
Surgical outcomes and complications of bedside tracheostomy in the ICU for patients on ECMO
Authors: Smith Michael C , Evans Parker T , Prendergast Katherine M , Schneeberger Steven J , Henson C Patrick , McGrane Stuart , Kopp Eugene B , Collins Nina E , Guillamondegui Oscar D , Dennis Bradley M 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly employed in the management of patients with severe cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction. Patients commonly require tracheostomy for ventilator liberation. Though bedside percutaneous tracheostomy is commonly performed, it has the potential for increased complications, both surgical and with the ECMO circuit. We examined surgical outcomes of bedside percutaneous tracheostomy in the ECMO population. Methods: Patients were identified from an institutional database for bedside procedures. Demographics and data on complications were recorded. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Results: 37 patients on ECMO at the time of tracheostomy were identified. Median age and BMI were 43.2 and 28.0, respectively. 33 patients (89%) were on VV ECMO, and 4 (11%) were on VA ECMO. All were on anticoagulation prior to tracheostomy, which was held for 4 h before and after the procedure in all cases. There were no procedure-related deaths or airway losses. No patients experienced periprocedural clotting events of their ECMO circuit or oxygenator within 24 h. 3 patients (8%) required reintervention (re-exploration or bronchoscopy) for bleeding. Four other patients (10%) had minor bleeding controlled with packing. One patient had pneumomediastinum which resolved without intervention, and one had an occlusion of their tracheostomy which was treated with tracheostomy exchange. Conclusions: Bedside percutaneous tracheostomy is feasible for patients on ECMO. Further study is needed to determine specific risk factors for complications and means to mitigate these. Bedside percutaneous tracheostomy may be considered as part of the management of patients on ECMO to help facilitate liberation from mechanical support.
Increased deep vein thrombosis cases during the COVID-19 quarantine
Authors: Karaali Evren , Çiloğlu Osman , Demirtürk Orhan Saim , Keklikçioğlu Burak , Akçay İsmail , Ekiz Timur 
Published: December 2020

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the number of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) cases during the quarantine period for COVID-19 to that of the last year. Methods This study was conducted as a single-center and retrospective study. All hospital admissions during April 2020 and May 2020 were screened from the hospital records, and DVT cases were recorded. Likewise, all hospital admissions during April 2019 and May 2019 were screened, and DVT cases were noted. DVT cases of both years were compared. Results Among 480931 patients admitted to our hospital in April 2019 and May 2019, DVT was detected in 82 patients (0.017%) (47 males, 35 females) with a mean age of 56.99 ± 9.1 years (ranges 39 to 79 years). Besides, among 145101 patients admitted to our hospital in April 2020 and May 2020, DVT was detected in 123 patients (0.084%) (51 males, 72 females) with a mean age of 58.64 ± 8.9 years (ranges 40 to 83 years). Despite the decrease in the total number of patients admitted to the hospital, there was a significant increase in the number of DVT patients. Interestingly, there were only two symptomatic pulmonary-embolism cases in the 2019 period, whereas there were seven symptomatic pulmonary embolisms secondary to DVT in the 2020 period. Unfortunately, one patient died due to pulmonary embolism secondary to DVT in 2020. The previous history of DVT was remarkable in patients admitted during the COVID-19 confinement. Conclusion In conclusion, COVID-19 confinement seems to be associated with increased rates of DVT. Strict preventive measures such as exercise training or prophylactic drug use should be considered to prevent immobility-related DVT during the COVID-19 quarantine.