bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of olaparib and temozolomide for recurrent glioblastoma: results of the phase I OPARATIC trial
Authors: Hanna Catherine , Kurian Kathreena M , Williams Karin , Watts Colin , Jackson Alan , Carruthers Ross , Strathdee Karen , Cruickshank Garth , Dunn Laurence , Erridge Sara , Godfrey Lisa , Jefferies Sarah , McBain Catherine , Sleigh Rebecca , McCormick Alex , Pittman Marc , Halford Sarah , Chalmers Anthony J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib potentiated radiation and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy in preclinical glioblastoma models but brain penetration was poor. Clinically, PARP inhibitors exacerbate the hematological side effects of TMZ. The OPARATIC trial was conducted to measure penetration of recurrent glioblastoma by olaparib and assess the safety and tolerability of its combination with TMZ.

Methods
Preclinical pharmacokinetic studies evaluated olaparib tissue distribution in rats and tumor-bearing mice. Adult patients with recurrent glioblastoma received various doses and schedules of olaparib and low-dose TMZ in a 3 + 3 design. Suitable patients received olaparib prior to neurosurgical resection; olaparib concentrations in plasma, tumor core and tumor margin specimens were measured by mass spectrometry. A dose expansion cohort tested tolerability and efficacy of the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Radiosensitizing effects of olaparib were measured by clonogenic survival in glioblastoma cell lines.

Results
Olaparib was a substrate for multidrug resistance protein 1 and showed no brain penetration in rats but was detected in orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts. Clinically, olaparib was detected in 71/71 tumor core specimens (27 patients; median, 496 nM) and 21/21 tumor margin specimens (9 patients; median, 512.3 nM). Olaparib exacerbated TMZ-related hematological toxicity, necessitating intermittent dosing. RP2D was olaparib 150 mg (3 days/week) with TMZ 75 mg/m2 daily for 42 days. Fourteen (36%) of 39 evaluable patients were progression free at 6 months. Olaparib radiosensitized 6 glioblastoma cell lines at clinically relevant concentrations of 100 and 500 nM.

Conclusion
Olaparib reliably penetrates recurrent glioblastoma at radiosensitizing concentrations, supporting further clinical development and highlighting the need for better preclinical models.
Surgical Management of Skull Base Osteoradionecrosis in the Cancer Population – Treatment Outcomes and Predictors of Recurrence: A Case Series
Authors: Habib Ahmed , Hanasono Matthew M , DeMonte Franco , Haider Ali , Breshears Jonathan D , Nader Marc-Elie , Gidley Paul W , Su Shirley Y , Hanna Ehab Y , Raza Shaan M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Skull base osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a challenging treatment-related complication sometimes seen in patients with cancer. Although ORN management strategies for other anatomic sites have been reported, there is a paucity of data guiding the management of skull base ORN.

OBJECTIVE
To report a single-center tertiary care series of skull base ORN and to better understand the factors affecting ORN recurrence after surgical management.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with skull base ORN treated at our center between 2003 and 2017. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regressions were performed to identify predictors of recurrence.

RESULTS
A total of 31 patients were included in this study. The median age at ORN diagnosis was 61.1 yr (range, 32.8-84.9 yr). Of these 31 patients, 15 (48.4%) patients were initially treated medically. All 31 patients underwent surgery. Three (14.3%) of 21 patients treated with a free flap and 4 (50.0%) of 8 patients who underwent primary closure experienced recurrence. Cox regression analysis revealed that reconstruction with local tissue closure (P = .044) and ongoing treatment for active primary cancer (P = .022) were significant predictors of recurrence. The median overall survival from index surgery for ORN treatment was 83.9 mo. At 12-mo follow-up, 78.5% of patients were alive.

CONCLUSION
In this study, we assess the outcomes of our treatment approach, surgical debridement with vascularized reconstruction, on recurrence-free survival in patients with skull base ORN. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to assess current treatment paradigms.
Layers of Agency
Authors: Nguyen C. Thi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In striving play, we not only take up disposable ends, but we take them up as if they were final. To become absorbed in games, we need to create an alternate agency and submerge ourselves within it. We need to put out of our minds, for the moment, our larger purposes, and give ourselves up to a temporary and narrowed form of agency. Otherwise, it would be impossible to achieve the sorts of wholehearted play that so many of us desire. This is a familiar technique that agents use for pursuing self-effacing ends. Games simply formalize it. This picture help us to explain why we put ourselves at risk of failure in games. For the striving player, failure in a game isn’t really a lasting failure. Rather, it is only a failure of the temporary constructed agent.
Games and Autonomy
Authors: Nguyen C. Thi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter shows how games can help us to develop our agency and autonomy. They do so by allowing us to record different modes of agency. We, as limited beings, need to cycle between different modes of agency in order to cope with the difficulties of the world. In this chapter, we discover that games can serve as a communication vessel for those modes of agency. We can inscribe modes of agency into a game, and explore different modes of agency by playing a variety of games. Thus, games constitute a library of agencies. This library can help us to develop our autonomy, by increasing our inventory of agential modes, and helping us to recognize and deploy the appropriate agential mode for the appropriate circumstance. By offering us short-term restrictions on how to act, games force us into new postures of agency. This can help us become more fluid with our agency in the long term. Games are yoga for our agency.
The Aesthetics of Agency
Authors: Nguyen C. Thi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the aesthetics of agency, in which we can appreciate the aesthetic qualities of our own actions. These include aesthetic qualities in our own moving, deciding, analyzing, reacting, and doing. We can have aesthetic experiences of our own agency in everyday life. The chapter explores how ames concentrate and crystallize the aesthetics of agency. With games, we can sculpt activities for the sake of aesthetic experience of acting itself. And aesthetic experiences of one’s own actions can create a sense of practical harmony—of a beautiful fit between an agent and their practical world. It can also create a sense of aesthetic disharmony. There can be a game aesthetics of horror and clumsiness. Finally, the chapter squares the aesthetics of agencywith various theoretical demands—such as the demand for disinterest, and the demand for a nonpractical attitude—through the layered nature of agency in games.
Wendy Carlos
Authors: Sewell Amanda 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This book is the first full-length biography to be written about the American composer and electronic musician Wendy Carlos (b. 1939). With her debut album, Switched-On Bach, Carlos brought the sound of the Moog synthesizer to a generation of listeners. She not only blazed new trails in electronic music for decades but also intersected with many aspects of American culture during the second half of the twentieth century and well into the twenty-first. Her story features an eclectic cast of characters, including Arthur Bell, Leonard Bernstein, Allan Kozinn, the Kronos Quartet, Stanley Kubrick, Robert Moog, Ron Nelson, Stevie Wonder, and “Weird Al” Yankovic. Carlos’s identity as a transgender woman has shaped many aspects of her life, her career, how she relates to the public, and how the public has received her and her music. Cultural factors surrounding the treatment of transgender people affected many decisions that Carlos has made over the decades. She remained in hiding for more than a decade after she transitioned to female because she feared for her personal safety and professional reputation. Once she disclosed her transition publicly, many journalists and fans began to focus almost exclusively on her gender instead of on her music. Eventually she retreated again, giving very few interviews and never speaking about her gender on record. The fact that she is transgender is just one dimension of her story, however. This text presents her life as completely as is currently possible and relates her life to many dimensions of American culture.
Introduction
Authors: Sewell Amanda 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter provides a brief overview of Wendy Carlos’s career, placing her and her album Switched-On Bach at the center of the Moog synthesizer’s popularity in the late 1960s. Carlos, who had been assigned the male sex at birth, had transitioned to female by the time Switched-On Bach reached the zenith of its popularity. Carlos remained in hiding for nearly a decade out of fear for her personal safety and professional reputation. Once she disclosed her transition in a Playboy interview in 1979, she was able to talk publicly about her music. At the same time, her gender—not her music—became a focal point for many scholars and journalists.
Foundations (1962–1967)
Authors: Sewell Amanda 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter follows Carlos from her time as a graduate student in the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center to her early professional career as a recording engineer with Gotham Studios. At Columbia, she studied with electronic music pioneers Vladimir Ussachevsky and Milton Babbitt, learning to compose music with magnetic tape and the RCA Mark II Synthesizer. Carlos met Robert Moog for the first time in 1964 at the Audio Engineering Society convention. They worked together as Moog developed modules for 900-series analog synthesizer. Carlos also began seeing Dr. Harry Benjamin, author of The Transsexual Phenomenon, in his office in New York.
“Welcome Back, Wendy!” The Playboy Interview (1979)
Authors: Sewell Amanda 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Carlos’s decision to disclose her transition and the series of interviews she gave to Arthur Bell in 1978 and 1979 that were eventually published in Playboy magazine. She decided to do so because staying in isolation was hurting her career and her relationship with friends such as Rachel Elkind, who kept covering for her. She also felt that attitudes toward transgender people were changing, in part because of Renee Richards’s story. Following the interview’s publication, Carlos was humiliated that Bell chose to focus the vast majority of the printed interview on her gender identity and transition instead of on her music and what she called her “soul.”
Transformations (1979–1984)
Authors: Sewell Amanda 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter addresses the first few years after Carlos returned to the public eye, which included high-profile projects such as the soundtracks to the films The Shining and TRON. She also gave interviews to the New York Times and Keyboard magazine, the latter of which also installed her on its advisory board. This was a period of several changes in Carlos’s life. She and Rachel Elkind ended their personal and professional relationship, she began what would be a lifelong relationship with Annemarie Franklin, she began using digital synthesis instead of analog, and she worked with symphony orchestras for the first time.
The Idea in Motion
Authors: Andrew Nell 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the final decade of the nineteenth century, the serpentine dancer Loïe Fuller made her debut in Paris just as painters of the symbolist movement began to make first steps toward abstraction. In this chapter, works of art and decoration by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and the Nabis painters are linked to Fuller’s dance. With its repetitive, continuous motions and shifting perceptual cues, the serpentine dance allowed viewers a prolonged grasp of the sensation of watching Fuller’s transitory movement. In a similar effort, symbolist artists wove flat and patterned surfaces and serpentine lines, hindering visual rest and creating a springboard for abstract sensations of movement. Innovations in both media offered a formal and material web through which motion was sensed and caught by perception. This prolongment of form and feeling expresses the heart of the dialectics of the modern experience, balancing in a single sensation Baudelaire’s fleeting and eternal.
Futurist Momentum
Authors: Andrew Nell 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
At the height of the “futurist moment,” just as painters across Europe were creating the first works of pure abstraction, in Paris the dramatist Valentine de Saint-Point announced a radical dance theory and performance. While Saint-Point is regularly aligned with the futurist movement, she was admired by a large roster of avant-garde artists and writers who were simultaneously theorizing and producing abstraction along the parallel paths of neosymbolism, futurism, cubism, and the philosophies of theosophy and Bergsonism. Saint-Point’s dance theory sought to create an abstract experience of vision by merging optical sensation with totalizing synesthetic and kinesthetic prompts. This chapter draws together this synesthetic vision and the similar perceptual estrangement of the painterly tactics of all-overness, musical rhythm, and collage in pioneering works of abstract painting by artists such as František Kupka, Gino Severini, Piet Mondrian, and Wassily Kandinsky.
Dada Dance
Authors: Andrew Nell 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Among the founding members of Zurich Dada, Sophie Taeuber created patterned textiles, pure painterly abstraction, anthropomorphic sculpture, intimate dolls, collaborative collages, and live dance performances, but she is predominantly discussed as a designer and applied artist without political motivations. Using a photo of Taeuber in a dancer’s pose and costumed in a Dada body mask, this chapter registers her dance training and performances as a potent hybrid of art and movement that bridged the polarized concerns about art making during wartime. Taeuber’s danced intervention amid her artist colleagues puts Dada’s self-estrangement and alienation into contact with visceral self-recognition and agency. By working across a diversity of media, Taeuber’s process harnesses adaptive, circulating, collaborative, unauthored, and private modes of making, which highlight and bridge the gulf between the aesthetic and the political, or in avant-garde terms, between art and life.
Introduction
Authors: Duong Kevin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter introduces redemptive violence and situates its appeal in a paradox intrinsic to modern revolutionary democracy: enthroning the people as sovereign came at the price of dissolving them into a multitude of abstract individuals. It focuses readers’ attention on redemptive violence in nineteenth-century French thought, outlines the structure of the book, and formalizes the book’s main claims. It shows why this book’s argument forces us to rethink inherited accounts of political violence, especially those generated during the Cold War. Where liberal antitotalitarian critics have drawn teleological connections between redemptive violence and totalitarianism, this chapter resists those connections to invite readers to consider what redemptive violence can reveal about democracy.
Threatening Allies
Authors: Bapat Navin A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter argues that the strain of the war created a risk that the U.S. would scale back its security guarantees to the hosts of the energy market. Instead, the U.S. would rely on non-state actors within the hosts’ territory, which would ultimately undermine the hosts’ territorial sovereignty. The threat that the U.S. would adopt this alternative strategy ultimately compelled several of the host states into actively fighting their terrorists, before they lost all American support. While this solved the moral hazard problem, it also created a negative consequence for the U.S., in that it weakened the strategic credibility of the American security guarantee. This in turn led host states to question whether or not they should continue to cooperate with the U.S. in maintaining the petrodollar system.
Conclusion
Authors: Bapat Navin A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the book’s main conclusions. It argues that in the short term, the U.S. emerged victorious in the war on terror since the peg between energy sales and the dollar remains, and the euro has faded as a competitor. However, the enormous cost of the war on terror, and the credibility the U.S. lost by adopting the light footprint strategy, suggests that the war on terror resulted in long term damage to the U.S. Moreover, the U.S. is facing increasing competition from China and other states for control of the global energy market. This may cause the U.S. to double down on the war, even as it continues to drain American resources and cost American lives.
Health in Wartime Development and Postwar Visions, 1941–1952
Authors: Messac Luke 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chapter 4 explores how changes in political discourse within metropolitan Britain during and immediately after the Second World War altered debates about colonial provision of medical services. Enthusiasm for social protection in Britain, and the crisis of legitimacy that the war brought to imperial officials, led to increased interest in—if not always spending on—health care for the colonies. Members of the Fabian Colonial Bureau and other influential voices in colonial circles began to call for an extension of the newly discovered social rights to British colonial subjects. In response, officials began to stress that Africans already had their own traditional forms of social protection, obviating the need for government expenditure. Colonial medical officers in Nyasaland continued to complain that health spending was not at all sufficient to meet the needs of the populace.
“Vaccines or Latrines?” 1983–2016
Authors: Messac Luke 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chapter 7 explores how the history of neglect continued in the age of AIDS, only to be broken (at least temporarily) by a surge in global health-care spending. In the 1970s and early 1980s, economic collapse and the dictates of international economic institutions hastened the collapse of the health-care system in Malawi at a moment when the AIDS crisis was just beginning. Among global health experts, last two decades of the twentieth century were replete with claims of inescapable scarcity. During the mid-2000s, a surge in international aid, driven in large part by an unlikely cadre of global elites with a sentimental commitment to battling the AIDS pandemic, proved a boon to Malawi’s health system. But the 2008 global financial crisis halted the increase in aid. While political leaders in wealthy nations revisited the rhetorical arsenal of scarcity, doctors and nurses in Malawi implored them for the drugs and supplies necessary to care for their patients.
Conclusion: Breaking the Spell of Scarcity
Authors: Messac Luke 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The conclusion begins with a personal story from the author, whose life was saved after his heart stopped as a child. Later, as a young man, he saw a young girl in Rwanda die of tuberculosis. Her avoidable death spurred him to study the global public health literature; he found that many in the field seemed focused less on remedying inequities than on the proper means of dividing up “inherently limited” resources. The assumption was that health-care spending in poor countries would remain, for the foreseeable future, at its current level. This work demonstrates both that this assumption is the product of history and that it continues to have mortal consequences.
Clientelism and Vote-Maximizing in Indigenous Latin America
Authors: West Karleen Jones 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The analysis presented in this chapter indicates that indigenous voters are disproportionately targeted as clients in vote-buying schemes, which is why the distribution of patronage has become a necessary vote-maximizing strategy for ethnic-party candidates to utilize to earn votes. This finding gives further credence to the argument that ethnic-party candidates must compete using the tactics employed by mainstream candidates to win votes. As such, it was unfair to expect that ethnic-party candidates could ever be more consistently policy-focused, given the expectations of patronage that indigenous constituents have during campaign season. To demonstrate the power of clientelism as a technique to attract indigenous supporters, this chapter analyzes AmericasBarometer survey data from fifteen countries across Latin America. The results show that not only are indigenous voters more likely to be targeted for clientelism, but ethnic-party supporters specifically are also more likely to be approached to sell their votes. These findings therefore provide evidence of the generalizability of the argument that ethnic-party candidates face strong incentives to engage in the clientelist behavior of mainstream parties in order to win votes across Latin America.
The Implications of Individual Campaigns, Elections, and Clientelism for Ethnic-Party Behavior
Authors: West Karleen Jones 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses some of the implications of the findings of the previous chapters, not only for the Pachakutik party and the indigenous movement, but for all niche parties competing in developing democracies. While ethnic parties certainly provide opportunities for increased indigenous representation, their involvement in the political arena has produced some troubling results. In particular, the chapter focuses on the fragmentation of Pachakutik, the apparent decline in support among the indigenous population, and the reliance on patronage within campaigns as indications of ethnic-party struggles. The chapter also argues that the anticipated positive effects of ethnic parties may be tempered by the barriers they face to achieving their goals of substantive representation within the formal political arena. In the process, the analysis shows how these findings fill a gap in the literatures on ethnic politics, institutions, and party evolution.
Drunk Crimes
Authors: West Mark D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Japanese law categorizes intoxication as a form of insanity. It then further categorizes intoxication, using the methodology of Hans Binder, into three types: pathological, complex, and simple. Punishment in criminal cases depends on which type of intoxication an individual experiences: pathological intoxication results in a not guilty verdict; complex intoxication results in a reduction of sentence; and simple intoxication results in no reduction of sentence. Categorization is often determined by psychiatric tests, which can involve drinking tests, in which defendants, while in custody awaiting trial, drink alcohol in large quantities while an expert observes and records their behavior. Sometimes courts rely heavily on these tests, and sometimes courts completely ignore them and instead substitute their own notions of what factors constitute intoxication. In either case, courts provide extraordinarily individualized justice.