bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic Fragility Analysis of Vertically Irregular Steel Framed Buildings
Authors: Shah Brij M , Davis Robin , Nanda Kumar C G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Disaster mitigation of the country requires the data of fragility curves for various typical buildings. As the number of steel buildings in the cities is increasing, development of seismic fragility curves of steel buildings are also the need of the hour. This study discusses the fragility curves and damage index functions of a 7-storey regular and irregular steel-framed buildings subjected to different earthquake ground motions. Each building was designed based on the codes, IS 800 (2007) and IS 1893 part 1 (2016). Time History Analysis of various vertically irregular framed buildings was performed and displacements of each floor were obtained. Inter-storey drift ratio and spectral acceleration at fundamental period are taken as damage parameter and intensity measure for deriving the fragility curves. The probabilistic seismic demand models for typical stiffness and mass vertical irregular buildings were developed. Steel framed buildings with ground storey open were found to be the vertically irregular building which is the most vulnerable out of all the selected vertical buildings.
ANN Based Design Parameter Estimation for Structural Systems
Authors: Nagesh M , Balu A S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Estimation of the probability of failure of multi-dimensional structural systems is expensive from the computation perspective. To decrease the burden of computation, one can use simple approximation methods like Surrogate models, Kriging model, Support vector machine, Artificial neural network, and more based on the suitability for the problems. In Surrogate or Response surface modeling, the limit state function of any system is suitably approximated by making use of known mathematical models like polynomials, exponentials, etc. During the construction of surrogates, variables in the model should be well known prior to the approximation. In practical consideration, the design parameters are the unknowns that need to be evaluated before reliability-based design. Inverse Response surface procedure is proposed in the paper to address the above-mentioned issue. The procedure developed is the combination of adaptive Response surface method with appropriate experimental design i.e. Halton low discrepancy sequence sampling technique for evaluating the probability of failure or reliability index and an Artificial neural network is utilised as an inverse reliability procedure for design optimisation. The method gives an accurate result and the efficiency is increased for the same number of iterations in comparison to the work of David Lehky and Martina Somodikova [1] with Latin hypercube sampling as experimental design.
Modelling and Optimal Design of Thick-Walled Composite Pipes under In-Service Conditions
Authors: Wang T , Menshykov O , Menshykova M , Guz I A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The current study is focused on the stress-strain analysis of multi-layered thick-walled fibre reinforced composite pipes under torsional load. Three-dimensional elasticity solution has been obtained and Finite Element Method model has been developed to predict the stress-strain distribution and compute the Tsai-Hill failure coefficients. The models have been validated by comparing with the results available in the literature. As a numerical example the composite pipe subjected to pure torsion load has been considered. The effects of the torque magnitude and layers’ thickness for specific pipe lay-ups have been investigated, and the appropriate engineering conclusions and design suggestions have been reported.
Comparative Study of Beam Theories on the Effect of Span-Depth Ratio for Symmetric and Un-symmetric Loadings
Authors: Gaur Akash , Dhurvey Priyanka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the present work, a comparative study is done between Shear-indeformable (Euler-Bernoulli) model and Shear-deformable (Timoshenko) model for two different types of beams (simply supported and fixed beam) under uniformly distributed loading condition and analysed for different Span-Depth ratio (L/D). For un-symmetric loading, a simply supported beam subjected to external point moment is also analysed for different L/D ratios to check the behaviour of beam. Transverse Displacement is taken as a yardstick. Shape functions for Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam models are developed in MATLAB software by using the Finite Element Method for calculating deflection at different points on the beam. It was observed that for large L/D ratio, the deflections are same for both the beam theory models but as L/D ratio decreases, the deflections for both the beam theories vary from each other. For small L/D ratio, Timoshenko beam model gives more accurate results, since the Timoshenko beam theory is a higher order beam theory than the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, it is known to be superior in predicting the response of the deep beam.
Effects of the Variational Consistency and Variational Inconsistency on Free Flexural Vibration Frequencies of Simply-supported Rectangular Isotropic Shear Deformable Beams
Authors: Pakhare Kedar S , Guruprasad P J , Shimpi Rameshchandra P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In order to derive governing differential equations of a displacement-based shear deformation beam theory, one can either utilise the variationally consistent approach (VCA) or the variationally inconsistent approach (VIA). In the VCA, variational principles are utilised to derive beam governing equations. Whereas in the VIA, beam gross / integrated two-dimensional equilibrium equations are utilised to derive beam governing equations. Shimpi et al. [2] have proposed the single variable shear deformation beam theory (SVSDBT) which is based on the VIA. Whereas, Shimpi et al. [1] have proposed the two variable shear deformation beam theory (TVSDBT) which is based on the VCA. In the SVSDBT and TVSDBT, the beam axial displacement and beam transverse displacement consist of bending and shearing components. In both theories, bending components do not take part in the cross-sectional shearing force, and shearing components do not take part in the cross-sectional bending moment. Both theories utilise linear strain-displacement relations. Displacement functions of both theories give rise to the beam transverse shear strain (and hence to the beam transverse shear stress) which varies quadratically through the beam thickness and maintains transverse shear stress-free beam surface conditions. For the case of dynamics, the SVSDBT has only one governing equation, and the TVSDBT has two governing equations which are inertially coupled. The aim of this paper is to present the comparison study on free flexural vibration frequencies of simply-supported rectangular isotropic shear deformable beams obtained by utilising the SVSDBT and TVSDBT. These frequencies are obtained for various values of the beam thickness-to-length ratio and beam vibration mode parameter. This comparison shows that for both theories, the VCA and VIA have a minimal effect on resulting beam free flexural vibration frequencies.
Optimisation of Trapezoidal Corrugated Plate Girder
Authors: Dhakate Sarang , Balu A S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Trapezoidal Corrugated web girders is a newly developed structural design. The major advantage of such design of web is that the corrugated webs enhance the stability of beam against buckling, which results in a very economical design by the reduction in the use of web stiffeners. The flanges are made up of flat plates and welded to the trapezoidal web sheet with the modern manufacturing process and modern advance welding technology. The flanges are mainly used to provide flexural strength to the beam and web are used to increase the shear capacity of the beam. Main reason for the failure of the web is the steel yielding or web buckling. Other possible failure reasons are lateral torsional buckling of the girder and local flange buckling, separately or in combination. This paper presents a new technological solution of such a system, composed by web made of trapezoidal shape. The buckling strength of the girder is studied under different geometrical modifications performing a nonlinear finite element analysis in ANSYS.
Analysis of Geometrically Nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli Beam using EFGM
Authors: Paavani D , Aswathy M , Arun C O , Praveen Krishna I R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The current paper presents a meshless formulation for the analysis of geometrically nonlinear one-dimensional Euler-Bernoulli beams. Element-free Galerkin method (EFGM) is used as the meshless numerical tool and Newton-Raphson method as the iterative scheme. Numerical examples of beams with four different boundary conditions are solved, and the results are compared with that of the finite element method (FEM). EFGM results are found in good agreement with that of FEM. Also, it is found that EFGM eliminates the effect of membrane locking in thin beams.
Analysis of Beams and Frames using Applied Element Method
Authors: Lincy Christy D , Madhavan Pillai T M , Nagarajan Praveen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Applied Element Method (AEM) is an efficient tool for analysing structures numerically. It has a few benefits when conventional methods are concerned. In conventional numerical methods, node-to-node connection is important. Hence, when elements of different sizes are to be connected, transition elements will have to be used. In AEM, rigid elements are connected to each other with the help of springs. Therefore, node-to-node connection is not required. In this paper, some plane stress problems are analysed using AEM. For this, two-dimensional (2D) element is made use of. Continuous beam and 2D frame are analysed using AEM. The results show that AEM is able to analyse beams and frames accurately. Modal analysis of beam clamped on one end and hinged at the other end, gave accurate first natural frequency and mode shape. It was also possible to perform nonlinear analysis of cantilever beam accurately.
Seismic Performance of High Rise Buildings with Different Types of Shear Wall
Authors: Vijayan Vineeth , Santhi M Helen , Mohan Romy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In today’s construction world, aesthetic tall structures play a major role. The design of aesthetic high - rise buildings need to be checked for its safety against extreme load conditions such as earthquake, wind, etc. The provision of composite shear wall is one of the efficient methods to make high rise buildings seismic resistant. In this paper different types of shear walls, namely, concrete shear wall, silica fume concrete shear wall, steel plate shear wall and steel-silica fume concrete composite shear wall are considered for lift wall in 22 and 52 storeyed high-rise buildings. The seismic performance of these buildings is analysed using response spectrum method by ETABS. The factors such as storey displacement, storey drift and storey shear are studied and found that there is a significant reduction when compared to the conventional shear wall.
Nanoparticle-modified thermoelectric tetrahedrite as an effective nucleating agent for sodium acetate trihydrate based phase change materials
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Qiyang , Guo Huafei , Yang Xiao , Yang Dongmei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sodium acetate trihydrate phase change materials (SAT-PCMs) for thermal energy storage have been studied and applied widely because of their enhanced energy efficiency and environmental friendliness, while their application on energy exchanging requires stable chemical property and great heat storage-release merit. Nanoparticles-modified tetrahedrite (CNAS-NPs) composites show high thermoelectric properties among copper sulfides, and present excellent nucleating performance in SAT-PCMs. As characterized, the NPs were uniformly distributed into the CNAS grains, and a large number of nanopores were appeared in the grain boundaries after SPS treatment. As a heterogeneous nucleation site, NPs were used to reduce the thermal conductivity, but simultaneously maintained a relatively high electrical conductivity. As a result, by adding a small quantity of SiC, a relatively high ZT ∼ 1.0 at 723 K is obtained, which increases by ∼42% in the pure CNAS sample. Finally, the CNAS-NPs regarded as nucleating agents obviously decrease the supercooling degree and improve the heat storage-release cycle property. These SAT-PCMs also possess high latent heat, fine chemical stability and robust nanostructures, which illustrates promising potentials in practical applications.
Dimensional effect of SrTiO3 particles on functional performance optimization of polydimethylsiloxane-based composites for dielectric elastomer actuators
Authors: Wei Xin , Gao Shuyan , Zhang Na , Zhao Hang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Dielectric elastomer materials have a great application potential in electromechanical sensing and energy-harvesting fields. However, the realization of high electro-actuation properties under a relatively low electric field is still a critical challenge. Herein two series of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based dielectric elastomer composites incorporated SrTiO3 (STO) with distinguishing diameters were prepared through solution-blending and compression moulding methods. The resultant STO/PDMS composites showed significantly enhanced dielectric permittivity and Young’s modulus. Moreover, the PDMS-based composite filled with 4 vol.% nano-scaled STO exhibited an improved electro-actuation strain of 3.3% at a very low electric field of 24 V μm−1, which was 30% larger than that of the neat PDMS. The experimental results revealed that the electro-active performance of dielectric elastomer composite under low electric fields can be influenced by the size of incorporating functional units, and be also successfully optimized by regulating the fillers-matrix interfacial interaction. This study provides a promising strategy to design and fabricate novel dielectric elastomers with advanced low-field driving electro-active properties.
Hybrid (institutional) arbitration clauses: party autonomy gone wild
Authors: Molina Esteban Carlos 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Hybrid institutional arbitration clauses are situations in which parties choose one arbitral institution to administer a case but under the rules of another arbitral institution. This forces institutions to adapt their organs to the chosen set of rules, making procedures more cumbersome and increasing litigiousness. As a consequence, hybrid arbitration clauses are a prime example of something parties may choose to do under the principle of party autonomy, yet shouldn’t do in the interest of safeguarding the principle of efficiency of arbitral procedure.
This article analyses existing cases on the matter in order to extract conclusions as to how the interplay between party autonomy and efficiency operates in each case and at a broader level.
While all decisions have upheld the validity of hybrid clauses, the analysed cases open up a whole set of additional questions, on which a consensus may not be reached: Does upholding the validity of hybrid arbitration really further party autonomy if institutions are heavily construing arbitration agreements? Should the choice of an administering institution or the choice of rules prevail? What weight should be attached to an institution's willingness to administer a case? These questions underscore the key tension between party autonomy and procedural efficiency.
Evaluation of consensus strategies for haplotype phasing
Authors: Al Bkhetan Ziad , Chana Gursharan , Ramamohanarao Kotagiri , Verspoor Karin , Goudey Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Haplotype phasing is a critical step for many genetic applications but incorrect estimates of phase can negatively impact downstream analyses. One proposed strategy to improve phasing accuracy is to combine multiple independent phasing estimates to overcome the limitations of any individual estimate. However, such a strategy is yet to be thoroughly explored. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of consensus strategies for haplotype phasing. We explore the performance of different consensus paradigms, and the effect of specific constituent tools, across several datasets with different characteristics and their impact on the downstream task of genotype imputation. Based on the outputs of existing phasing tools, we explore two different strategies to construct haplotype consensus estimators: voting across outputs from multiple phasing tools and multiple outputs of a single non-deterministic tool. We find that the consensus approach from multiple tools reduces SE by an average of 10% compared to any constituent tool when applied to European populations and has the highest accuracy regardless of population ethnicity, sample size, variant density or variant frequency. Furthermore, the consensus estimator improves the accuracy of the downstream task of genotype imputation carried out by the widely used Minimac3, pbwt and BEAGLE5 tools. Our results provide guidance on how to produce the most accurate phasing estimates and the trade-offs that a consensus approach may have. Our implementation of consensus haplotype phasing, consHap, is available freely at https://github.com/ziadbkh/consHap. Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Briefings in Bioinformatics online.
Melatonergic systems of AANAT, melatonin, and its receptor MT2 in the corpus luteum are essential for reproductive success in mammals†
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhu Tianqi , Ma Xiao , Wang Yehua , Liu Jiping , Li Guangdong , Liu Yunjie , Ji Pengyun , Zhang Zhenzhen , Zhang Lu , Liu Guoshi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Corpus luteum (CL) plays a critical role in mammalian reproductive physiology. Its dysfunction will lead to infertility or habitual abortion. In the current study, by use of melatonin specific membrane receptor 2 (MT2) knocking out (KO) mice model combined with RNA-Seq, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analyses, the genes of melatonin synthetic enzyme arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) and MT2 were identified to strongly express in the CL of sows and mice. KO MT2 significantly impaired the reproductive performance in mice indicated by the reduced litter sizes. Melatonin treatment elevated the progesterone production in sows suggesting the improved CL function. Mechanistic analysis showed that melatonin upregulated a set of progesterone synthesis-related genes including cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp11a1), aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C18 (Akr1c18), isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase 1 (Idi1), and luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (Lhcgr). The upregulation of these genes directly related to the increased progesterone production. The regulatory effects of melatonin on these gene expressions were mediated by MT2 and MT2KO diminished the effects of melatonin in this respect. Thus, the presence of melatonergic system of AANAT, melatonin, and its receptor MT2 in CL is essential for reproductive success in mammals.
Maternal obesity alters placental lysophosphatidylcholines, lipid storage, and the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism
Authors: Bidne Katie L , Rister Alana L , McCain Andrea R , Hitt Brianna D , Dodds Eric D , Wood Jennifer R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a characteristic of maternal obesity and previous studies have demonstrated abnormalities in fatty acid oxidation and storage in term placentas. However, there is little information about the effect of pre-pregnancy obesity on placental lipid metabolism during early pregnancy. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between lipid profiles and markers of metabolism in placentas from obese and lean dams at midgestation. Mice were fed a western diet (WD) or normal diet (ND) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and/or phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were measured in dam circulation and placenta sections using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry imaging, respectively. In WD dam, circulating LPCs containing 16:1, 18:1, 20:0, and 20:3 fatty acids were increased and 18:2 and 20:4 were decreased. In WD placenta from both sexes, LPC 18:1 and PC 36:1 and 38:3 were increased. Furthermore, there were moderate to strong correlations between LPC 18:1, PC 36:1, and PC 38:3. Treatment-, spatial-, and sex-dependent differences in LPC 20:1 and 20:3 were also detected. To identify genes that may regulate diet-dependent differences in placenta lipid profiles, the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and nutrient transport was measured in whole placenta and isolated labyrinth using droplet digital PCR and Nanostring nCounter assays. Several apolipoproteins were increased in WD placentas. However, no differences in nutrient transport or fatty acid metabolism were detected. Together, these data indicate that lipid storage is increased in midgestation WD placentas, which may lead to lipotoxicity, altered lipid metabolism and transport to the fetus later in gestation.
Prison as temporary refuge: amplifying the voices of women detained in prison
Authors: Bucerius Sandra , Haggerty Kevin D , Dunford David T 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article details how a subset of women can perceive of prison as temporary refuge from the hardships and marginalization they face on the outside. It focuses particularly on a group of 88 women incarcerated in western Canada. A large percentage of these women accentuated several reasons why they saw being incarcerated as a desirable alternative to their marginalized situation in their respective communities. These findings nuance our understanding of the place of prison in the lives of these women and draws attention to notable gaps in Canada’s often-celebrated social welfare system.
Atlas55+: Brain Functional Atlas of Resting-State Networks for Late Adulthood
Authors: Doucet Gaelle E , Labache Loic , Thompson Paul M , Joliot Marc , Frangou Sophia ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Currently, several human brain functional atlases are used to define the spatial constituents of the resting-state networks (RSNs). However, the only brain atlases available are derived from samples of young adults. As brain networks are continuously reconfigured throughout life, the lack of brain atlases derived from older populations may influence RSN results in late adulthood. To address this gap, the aim of the study was to construct a reliable brain atlas derived only from older participants. We leveraged resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from three cohorts of healthy older adults (total N = 563; age = 55–95 years) and a younger-adult cohort (N = 128; age = 18–35 years). We identified the major RSNs and their subdivisions across all older-adult cohorts. We demonstrated high spatial reproducibility of these RSNs with an average spatial overlap of 67%. Importantly, the RSNs derived from the older-adult cohorts were spatially different from those derived from the younger-adult cohort (P = 2.3 × 10−3). Lastly, we constructed a novel brain atlas, called Atlas55+, which includes the consensus of the major RSNs and their subdivisions across the older-adult cohorts. Thus, Atlas55+ provides a reliable age-appropriate template for RSNs in late adulthood and is publicly available. Our results confirm the need for age-appropriate functional atlases for studies investigating aging-related brain mechanisms.