bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The associated benefits of a cranioplasty on rehabilitation: a review of the literature
Authors: Fleming Niamh 
Published: December 2020

Background: There is an ever-increasing demand for appropriate neurorehabilitation to optimise recovery post-traumatic brain injury. Some patients undergo decompressive surgery, which involves partial removal of the skull bone to help relieve the associated swelling and oedema. These patients are left with a skull defect and are placed on a waiting list for surgical repair of same by means of a procedure referred to as a cranioplasty. Cranioplasty, until recently, was not regarded as being a clinical priority in the neurorehabilitation phase, given the limited evidence supporting enhanced recovery. Aims: To highlight the phenomenon syndrome of the trephined and to establish the potential impact it has on enhanced neurorehabilitation and recovery. Methods: The paper is a narrative literature review of the associated effects of a cranioplasty on rehabilitation published in peer-reviewed journals between 2013 and 2019. Papers were identified via a search of PubMed, Medline and CINAHL electronic databases. Findings: The associated symptoms of syndrome of the trephined are predominately motor and cognitive in nature and are believed to result in a stalling or regression of the recovery process until the skull defect is repaired. The writer has critically analysed studies that have compared motor and cognitive functioning pre- and post-cranioplasty. Patients with enhanced functioning in the cognitive domain displayed marked improvements in the areas of memory, language and executive functioning. With regards to motor function, improvements were most evident in areas of activities of daily living, eating, grooming, walking and toileting. The theory underlying these improvements appears to be physiological in nature. Conclusions: Contrary to former opinion, the findings of this literature review highlight the importance of repairing skull breech prior to rehabilitation to optimise patient recovery for those experiencing syndrome of the trephined. The recommendations support the need for further research and education, as well as the development of a screening assessment tool that can be used by all members of the multidisciplinary team.
Sustained ERK1/2 signaling is necessary for follicular rupture during ovulation in mice
Authors: Madogwe Ejimedo , Schuermann Yasmin , Siddappa Dayananda , Bordignon Vilceu , Roux Philippe P , Duggavathi Raj 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Abolition of the LH-induced ERK1/2 pathway leads to dramatic changes in gene expression in granulosa cells, subsequently abrogating ovulation. Here we explored whether sustained ERK1/2 signaling beyond immediate-early hours of the LH surge is important for ovulation in mice. First, we examined the effect of inhibition of ERK1/2 activity at 4 h after hCG stimulation on ovulation in superovulated immature mice. Treatment with the ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor PD0325901 at 4 h post-hCG disrupted follicular rupture without altering cumulus expansion, oocyte meiotic maturation and luteinization. Profiling the expression pattern of genes of the RSK family of ERK1/2 signal mediators revealed that RSK3, but not other isoforms, was induced by hCG treatment. Further, RSK3-knockout mice were sub-fertile with reduced ovulation rate and smaller litter size compared to WT mice. Given that PD0325901 inhibits all mediators of ERK1/2 signaling, we chose to evaluate the gene expression underlying deficient follicular rupture in ERK1/2 inhibited mice. We found that inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling at 4 h post-hCG resulted in an imbalance in the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix degradation and leukocyte infiltration necessary for follicular rupture. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that sustained ERK1/2 signaling during ovulation is not required for cumulus expansion, oocyte meiotic maturation and luteinization, but is required for follicular rupture.
TOTAL PROTEZLERDE KULLANILAN ÖLÇÜ YÖNTEM ve TEKNİKLERİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: ÖZDOĞAN Alper , HAZIR Ayşegül 
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı diş hekimlerinin tam protez yapımında kullandıkları
anatomik ve fonksiyonel ölçü tekniklerinin analiz edilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: 35 sorudan oluşan bir anket çeşitli
kurumlarda çalışan 169 diş hekimine uygulandı. Anket 3 bölümden oluşmaktaydı;
ilk bölüm kişisel bilgiler, ikinci bölüm tam protezlerin anatomik ölçü
işlemleri ve üçüncü bölüm tam protezlerin fonksiyonel ölçü işlemleri ile ölçü
hazırlığı esnasındaki aşamalara yönelik sorulardan oluşmaktadır. Verilerin
istatistiksel analizinde crosstabs, deskriptif ve frekans analizleri
kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Herbir
soruya ait cevapların deskriptif ve frekans analizleri sonucunda verilerin
dağılımı soru gruplarına göre oluşturuldu. Analizler sonucunda tam protez yapan
hekimlerin ilk ölçü için % 98.2 oranında irreversible hidrokolloid ölçü maddesi,
ikinci ölçü için % 62 oranında çinko oksit öjenol ölçü maddesi kullandığı
tespit edildi. Hekimlerin % 38.4 oranında mukostatik ölçü tekniğini, % 30.8
oranında mukokompresif ölçü tekniğini ve % 30.8 oranında ise mukoselektif ölçü
tekniğini benimsediği bulundu. Hekimlerin % 74’ü gibi büyük bir çoğunluğu özel kaşık kenarlarını
şekillendirdiğini ve bunu da ağırlıklı olarak (% 69.2) setneç kullanarak
yaptıklarını ifade etmiştir. Çalışmamıza dahil olan hekimlerin % 53.3’ü son
ölçüler alınmadan önce en az 24 saat boyunca hastalara mevcut protezlerini
kullandırmamaktadır.

Sonuçlar: Hekimlerin büyük çoğunluğu tam protez yaparken geleneksel ölçü yöntem ve
tekniklerini kullanırken, alternatif materyal ve yöntem uygulayan hekimler de
bulunmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Anatomik ölçü, fonksiyonel ölçü, ölçü maddesi, tam protez.
Prevalence of Health Care and Hospital Worker SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody in a Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Tokareva Yekaterina , Englund Janet A. , Dickerson Jane A. , Brown Julie C. , Zerr Danielle M. , Walter Emily , Tsogoo Ariundari , Cappetto Kaitlin , Valdez Gonzalez Jaqueline , Strelitz Bonnie , Klein Eileen J. 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Asymptomatic transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in health care settings is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in health care and hospital workers (HCHWs) and assess how antibody levels change over time.

METHODS:
Cross-sectional study of employed HCHWs at a freestanding, urban pediatric tertiary care hospital. Employed HCHWs ≥18 years old who were asymptomatic and worked in clinical hospital locations were eligible to participate. Participants completed blood draws and surveys at baseline (between May 4, 2020, and June 2, 2020) and 2 months later (between July 6, 2020, and August 7, 2020). Surveys collected demographic information, SARS-CoV-2 exposures, and previous COVID-19 diagnosis.

RESULTS:
In total, 530 participants enrolled in and completed baseline study activities. The median age was 37 years (range 19–67 years); 86% identified as female, and 80% identified as white. Two months later, 481 (91%) HCHWs completed another survey and blood draw. Four of 5 (0.9%) seropositive subjects at baseline remained seropositive at 2 months, although 3 had decreasing IgG indices. Five (1.0%) seropositive individuals, including 4 who were previously seropositive and 1 newly seropositive, were detected 2 months later. History of positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing results (P &lt; .001) and history of COVID-19 exposure (P &lt; .001) were associated with presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

CONCLUSIONS:
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 1% of HCHWs in an urban pediatric hospital in a city with moderate SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. Participants with a known previous COVID-19 diagnosis showed a decline or loss of IgG antibodies over 2 months. These results have implications for identifying those with previous exposure and for ongoing public health recommendations for ensuring workplace safety.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE OS TRAÇOS SOMBRIOS DE PERSONALIDADE E O CETICISMO PROFISSIONAL DOS AUDITORES INDEPENDENTES
Authors: Reis Marçal Ronan , Alberton Luiz 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a influência dos “traços sombrios” de personalidade no ceticismo profissional de auditores independentes do Brasil.
Método: A amostra foi composta por 170 auditores independentes com registro ativo no CNAI, sendo os dados analisados mediante estatística descritiva em primeira instância; via análise de regressões estimadas por Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários para a verificação das hipóteses; e por regressões estimadas por Mínimos Desvios Absolutos como medida de análise de sensibilidade.
Resultados: Os resultados indicam que o narcisismo pode influenciar positivamente o atributo de ceticismo profissional ao alavancar a autoestima e a capacidade de questionamento dos auditores. Já o maquiavelismo e a psicopatia, perante o conjunto de dados analisados, parecem não apresentar qualquer influência positiva no ceticismo profissional, sendo factível até mesmo uma relação inversa em aspectos de autonomia e autoestima, respectivamente.
Contribuições: Em âmbito teórico, o estudo promove o suprimento da lacuna acerca da interdisciplinaridade entre a contabilidade e a psicologia, adentrando especificamente o cerne da auditoria em tal relação. Em termos práticos, a pesquisa promove o entendimento da relevância dos traços de personalidade socialmente indesejáveis para a formação do ceticismo profissional dos auditores, algo útil para as firmas de auditoria ao longo de processos de seleção e treinamento de seus profissionais.
Proportion of severity of retinal hard exudates and its association with systemic risk factors
Authors: Silpa Devi , Sathar Anuja , Thankappan Beena 
Published: December 2020

Background: Diabetic macular edema (DME) characterized by deposition of hard exudates in central retina is now the leading cause of visual loss in persons with diabetes mellitus. Several studies have shown association between severity of retinal hard exudates and various components of serum lipid. The aim of this study is to estimate the proportion of severity of retinal hard exudates with risk factors like dyslipidemia, duration of diabetes, hypertension, HbA1c levels and microalbuminuria. Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was done involving 242 diabetic retinopathy patients. After dilated fundus examination, severity of retinal hard exudates was graded by photographs with Topcon fundus camera using modified airlie house classification. These grades were divided into three groups. Group 1 (absent or minimal hard exudates) included patients with grade 0, 1 or 2 hard exudates; group 2 (hard exudates present), included patients with grade 3 or 4 hard exudates and group 3 (prominent hard exudates), patients with grade 5 hard exudates. Values of serum lipid profile, HbA1C and urine microalbumin were analysed in association with severity of retinal hard exudates.Results: Out of the 242 diabetic retinopathy patients, the male female ratio was 1:1 and the mean age was 59.8±7.4 years. There were 12% patients in group one, 52.5% in group two and 35.5% in group three. On univariate analysis, severity of hard exudates was significantly associated with serum cholesterol (p value<0.01), LDL (p value<0.01) triglycerides (p value<0.01), HbA1c (p value<0.01), systemic hypertension (p value<0.01) and urine microalbumin (p value=0.01). Conclusions: Severity of retinal hard exudates in diabetic retinopathy patients is significantly associated with risk factors like systemic hypertension, dyslipidemia, raised HbA1C levels and urine microalbumin.
Assessment of magnitude and factors affecting outcomes of head injury at Addis Ababa burn emergency and trauma hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Suga Yisihak , Shimelis Wendiye , Yesuf Aman , Dendena Firaol , Teklewold Berhanetsehay 
Published: December 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Head injury is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide and has become one of the highest community health problems worldwide including Ethiopia. This study aims to assess the magnitude and factors affecting the outcome of head injury patients at Addis Ababa burn and emergency treatment Hospital from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2019.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective review was conducted on a patient who had a head injury and visited Addis Ababa burn and emergency treatment Hospital, from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2019. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There were 2163 head injury patients making the incidence of head injury 29.6%. The commonest cause of injury is road traffic accidents accounting for 89 (43.8%) and most patients sustained blunt injury 65 (32%).The commonest computed tomography (CT)-scan finding was intracerebral hemorrhage in 51 (25.1%) patients. Most head injury patients 112 (55.2%) stayed less than 1 week and the commonest complication was meningitis that occurred in 56 (27.6%) of patients. On presentation to hospital 90 (44.3%) had a mild type of traumatic brain injury. There is a significant correlation seen between gender, occupation, and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with the outcome of head injury (p&lt;0.05).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Early diagnosis and interventions contributed to the good outcome of the patient. Establishing trauma centers at least in major cities can improve the outcome of head injury patients, by giving early treatment and using ambulances which are used for transportation of laboring mothers also might facilitate early referrals of patients to best centers.</p>
The rare isolated adult Chaput-Tillaux fracture: two case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Pereira Eva Campos , Rosa João Maia , Diniz Sara Elisa , Pereira Filipa , Sapage Rita , Soares Daniel , Costa Luis 
Published: December 2020

<p>The authors present two isolated chaput-tillaux fractures in an adult skeleton. A high level of suspicion is required to prevent diagnostic failure. Computerized tomography scan detects hidden fractures and enables a more detailed preoperative assessment of each case. Most of the cases reported in the literature are associated with other ankle lesions. This typical juvenile pattern is rare in the adults and ideal treatment is yet to be determined.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Causes, Patterns, and Economic Implications of Carcass Condemnation of Cattle Slaughtered at Oshana Region, North of Namibia Based on Post-Mortem Inspection
Authors: Mbiri P. , Mushonga B. , Madzinga C. , Madzingira O. , Samkange A. , Hikufe E. , Kandiwa E. , Kamwi J.A. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Meat inspection is one of the essential tools for ensuring good quality and safe meat. The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass condemnation of cattle slaughtered in Oshana region, North of Namibia.
Methods: In this 4-year retrospective study, causes, patterns, and economic implications of carcass condemnation of cattle slaughtered in Oshana region, North of Namibia were evaluated based on post-mortem inspection procedure. The SPSS software version 25 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Overall, 0.37% (120 out of 32 648) beef carcasses were condemned during the period of this study. The major causes of condemnation of carcasses were bruising (60 out of 120; 50%), followed by pus contamination. The condemnation rate in female cattle (65%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than male cattle (35%). Overall, a significantly greater number (p<0.05) of carcasses were condemned in summer (74.2%) than in winter (25.8%).
Conclusion: This study identified bruising, pus contamination, and cachexia as the major causes of bovine carcass condemnation in North of Namibia and showed that carcass condemnation rate varied with the year, season, and age.
Effect of Fat on Protein Estimation in Milk and Its Correlation with Lactose in Different Milk Types: A Small-Scale Study
Authors: Shetty Sweekruthi A. , Young Melissa F. , Taneja Sunita , Rangiah Kannan 
Published: December 2020

Background: Estimation of macronutrients like protein and lactose is important to assess the quality of milk. To estimate these two macronutrients, ten raw milk samples obtained from each group of different animals (cow, goat, buffalo), ten pasteurized cow milk and ten human milk samples were analysed. Methods: Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method was used to estimate protein from different milk samples. Four different sample preparation protocols were compared to check the effect of fat on BCA based protein estimation: dilution (D), fat removal-protein precipitation (FR and PP), fat removal-dilution (FR and D) and dilution-fat removal (D and FR). For lactose quantification, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected reaction monitoring (UHPLC-MS/SRM) method was developed and validated using 13C6 lactose as internal standard (ISTD).Result: Among these four different protocols, D and FR method showed consistent data for total protein content in animal milk (cow-3.16%, goat-3.21%, buffalo-3.81%, pasteurized-2.98%) and FR and PP showed consistent data in human milk samples (1.2%). Though BCA method is simple to use, proper sample preparation protocol has to be applied prior to protein estimation to avoid the interference due to fat or lactose. In case of lactose, inter-day validation showed the accuracy ranging from 97.13 to 100.54%, coefficient of variation varying between 0.1 to 1.53%, correlation R2=0.999. Lactose is in the range of 4.1 to 4.8% in animal milk and 6.6% in human milk samples. The internal ratio of lactose/protein (1.28 to 1.55 in animal milk and 5.33 in human milk) will be useful to differentiate human milk from animal milk type and to assess the milk quality.
Does being a Health Worker Have an Effect on Breast Cancer Awareness?
Authors: BORA MAKAL Gül 
Published: December 2020

AIM:
The purpose of this study to measure the breast cancer knowledge levels of
women health workers and to investigate the factors that determine the beliefs,
attitudes, and behaviors against screening methods.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was
conducted on 850 volunteer participant women over 21 years old, health
educated, uneducated, and other members of the community. Ethical committee
approval and informed consent form were obtained. Sociodemographic data form,
Champion Health Belief Model for Breast Cancer, The Comprehensive Breast Cancer
Knowledge Test were used to compare the groups. Statistical analyses were
performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0RESULTS: There
was no difference in the frequency of breast self-examination and clinical
breast examination between the groups (p&gt;0.05). There were statistically
significant differences in age, knowledge level, and education level between
the groups (p&lt;0.05). There was a statistically significant difference
between the education level of the health workers and community members
(p=0.029). The median scores for each subscale of the Champion Health Belief
Model for Breast Cancer were not statistically different between the groups.
Self-efficacy was found the only predictive factor on the breast
self-examination practice (p=0.00, OR:1.188). The most predictive factor was
education level on the breast cancer knowledge level (p=0.00, r=0.315). Only
36.5% of the participants had a high knowledge level.CONCLUSION: The
breast cancer knowledge level, the behavior of breast
self-examination and clinical breast examination are not more different in health workers than the other
members of the society.
COVİD-19 PANDEMİSİNİN GENEL CERRAHİ KLİNİĞİNDE ACİL VE ELEKTİF CERRAHİ GİRİŞİMLERE OLAN ETKİSİNİN DEĞERLENDİRLİMESİ: KESİTSEL ÇALIŞMA
Authors: İLHAN Enver , OZTOP Mehmet , ÜREYEN Orhan , YILDIRIM Mehmet 
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Covid-19 pandemisi cerrahi kliniklerinde ameliyat programlarının oluşturulmasında aksamalara neden olmuştur. Bu nedenle hasta profilinde değişimler ve gelirlerde azalmaya neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada 2020 yılının 3 aylık Covid pandemisi dönemi 2019 yılının aynı periyodu ile karşılaştırılarak gelecek dönemler için çıkarımlar sağlanması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanemizde 2019 ve 2020 yılları Mart, Nisan ve Mayıs aylarında Genel Cerrahi Kliniği’nde tedavi edilen hastalar veri kayıt sisteminden çıkarılarak, demografik özellikleri, cerrahi girişimlerin tipleri, malign/benign olgular, yatış süresi, mortalite ve geri ödeme miktarları ile değerlendirildi. Çalışmanın sonuçlarında istatistik olarak nicel ve nitel değişkenin grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olup olmadığına bakıldı.
Bulgular: 2019 yılında 947 olgu, 2020 yılında 165 olgu ameliyat edildi. Kadın/erkek oranı 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında sırası ile 1/1.04 ve 1/1.08 bulundu. Yaş ortalaması 2019 yılı için 50.57, 2020 için 47.59 bulundu (p=0.041). 2019 yılında % 80 olan elektif ameliyat sayısı 2020 yılında %34.5bulundu (p=0.000) Aynı dönemlerde malign/benign oranı 1/10.9 ve 1/3.1 bulundu. Hastanede kalış süreleri ise sırasıyla 3.01 ve 5.92 gün olarak bulundu. Tedavisi şifa ile sonuçlanan hastalarda anlamlı azalma olmuştur.
Sonuç: Pandemiler programli yatışların gecikmesine neden olmakta ve hasta profilini değiştirmektedir. Bu nedenle, pandemi sürecinde elektif hastaların tedavisinin ertelenmemesi ve dolayısı ile ekonomik kaybında önüne geçilmesi için pandemi dışı hizmet verecek hastanelerin belirlenmesinin yaralı olacağını düşünmekteyiz.
Nuclear Medicine Scans in Total Joint Replacement
Authors: Pinski John M. , Chen Antonia F. , Estok Daniel M. , Kavolus Joseph J. 
Published: December 2020

➤ A 3-phase bone scan is a potential first-line nuclear medicine study for pain after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) when there is concern for periprosthetic joint infection or aseptic loosening.➤ In patients who have a positive bone scintigraphy result and suspected infection of the joint, but where aspiration or other studies are inconclusive, labeled leukocyte scintigraphy with bone marrow imaging may be of benefit.➤ Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), while not a nuclear medicine study, also shows promise and has the advantage of providing information about the soft tissues around a total joint replacement.➤ Radiotracer uptake patterns in scintigraphy are affected by the prosthesis (total knee arthroplasty [TKA] versus total hip arthroplasty [THA]) and the use of cement.➤ Nuclear medicine scans may be ordered 1 year postoperatively but may have positive findings that are due to normal physiologic bone remodeling. Nuclear studies may be falsely positive for up to 2 years after TJA.➤ Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) combined with computed tomography (CT) (SPECT/CT), fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, and MRI show promise; however, more studies are needed to better define their role in the diagnostic workup of pain after TJA.