bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique and non-redundant function of csf1r paralogues in regulation and evolution of post-embryonic development of the zebrafish
Authors: Caetano-Lopes Joana , Henke Katrin , Urso Katia , Duryea Jeffrey , Charles Julia F. , Warman Matthew L. , Harris Matthew P. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Evolution is replete with reuse of genes in different contexts, leading to multifunctional roles of signaling factors during development. Here, we explore osteoclast regulation during skeletal development through analysis of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (csf1r) function in the zebrafish. A primary role of Csf1r signaling is to regulate the proliferation, differentiation and function of myelomonocytic cells, including osteoclasts. We demonstrate the retention of two functional paralogues of csf1r in zebrafish. Mutant analysis indicates that the paralogues have shared, non-redundant roles in regulating osteoclast activity during the formation of the adult skeleton. csf1ra, however, has adopted unique roles in pigment cell patterning not seen in the second paralogue. We identify a unique noncoding element within csf1ra of fishes that is sufficient for controlling gene expression in pigment cells during development. As a role for Csf1r signaling in pigmentation is not observed in mammals or birds, it is likely that the overlapping roles of the two paralogues released functional constraints on csf1ra, allowing the signaling capacity of Csf1r to serve a novel function in the evolution of pigment pattern in fishes.
Ca2+-activated cleavage of ezrin visualised dynamically in living myeloid cells during cell surface area expansion
Authors: Roberts Rhiannon E. , Martin Marianne , Marion Sabrina , Elumalai Geetha L. , Lewis Kimberly , Hallett Maurice B. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The intracellular events underlying phagocytosis, a crucial event for innate immunity, are still unresolved. In order to test whether the reservoir of membrane required for the formation of the phagocytic pseudopodia is maintained by cortical ezrin, and that its cleavage is a key step in releasing this membrane, the cleavage of cortical ezrin was monitored within living phagocytes (the phagocytically competent cell line RAW264.7) through expressing two ezrin constructs with fluorescent protein tags located either inside the FERM or at the actin-binding domains. When ezrin is cleaved in the linker region by the Ca2+-activated protease calpain, separation of the two fluorophores would result. Experimentally induced Ca2+ influx triggered cleavage of peripherally located ezrin, which was temporally associated with cell expansion. Ezrin cleavage was also observed in the phagocytic pseudopodia during phagocytosis. Thus, our data demonstrates that peripheral ezrin is cleaved during Ca2+-influx-induced membrane expansion and locally within the extending pseudopodia during phagocytosis. This is consistent with a role for intact ezrin in maintaining folded membrane on the cell surface, which then becomes available for cell spreading and phagocytosis.
Capacitation-associated alkalization in human sperm is differentially controlled at the subcellular level
Authors: Matamoros-Volante Arturo , Treviño Claudia L. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Capacitation in mammalian sperm involves the accurate balance of intracellular pH (pHi), but the mechanisms controlling this process are not fully understood, particularly regarding the spatiotemporal regulation of the proteins involved in pHi modulation. Here, we employed an image-based flow cytometry technique combined with pharmacological approaches to study pHi dynamics at the subcellular level during capacitation. We found that, upon capacitation induction, sperm cells undergo intracellular alkalization in the head and principal piece regions. The observed localized pHi increases require the initial uptake of HCO3−, which is mediated by several proteins acting consistently with their subcellular localization. Hv1 proton channel (also known as HVCN1) and cAMP-activated protein kinase (protein kinase A, PKA) antagonists impair alkalization mainly in the principal piece. Na+/HCO3− cotransporter (NBC) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) antagonists impair alkalization only mildly, predominantly in the head. Motility measurements indicate that inhibition of alkalization in the principal piece prevents the development of hyperactivated motility. Altogether, our findings shed light on the complex control mechanisms of pHi and underscore their importance during human sperm capacitation.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Obserwator i jego pozycja w opowiadaniu Tadeusza Borowskiego „Odwiedziny”
Authors: Wnuk Łukasz 
Published: January 2020

The Observer and His Position in Tadeusz Borowski’s Short Story Odwiedziny (‘The Visit’)
The article is an analysis of Tadeusz Borowski’s short story Odwiedziny (‘The visit’). It focuses on linguistic and narrative devices through which the speaker influences the recipient’s perception, and so shapes the reading of his work. The first part is introductory, it presents the goals of the paper. The next part recalls the most important existing interpretations, both of Borowski’s literary output as a whole, and of the text at hand. They form the starting point to an analysis of the position of the character-narrator with regard to the events he is describing, and to the relation between the author, the narrator, and the main character of the story. These considerations constitute the third part of the present paper. It begins with a citation of the full text of the story, and is followed by the main argument announced in the title which refers to Ronald Langacker’s cognitive grammar and takes into special consideration such notions as scene, current discourse space, and vantage point. The closing part of the paper contains conclusions, contrasted with the theses put forward in the context of Borowski’s work, as well as suggestions of possible directions of further analysis of the story within the framework of cognitive linguistics.
Flat optical frequency comb generation based on a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator and a single recirculation frequency shift loop
Authors: Li Dan , Wu Shibao , Liu Yu , Guo Yifeng 
Published: January 2020

To generate a flat optical frequency comb (OFC), a new scheme based on a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator and a single recirculation frequency shift loop is proposed and analyzed. Compared with the traditional single loop recirculation frequency shift method, the quantity of comb lines is doubled, and the comb flatness is better when the number of cycles is the same. The theoretical analysis model is established, and the simulation results show that a 111-line OFC with frequency spacing of 10 GHz, flatness of 1.32 dB, and optical signal to noise ratio of 27.4 dB can be obtained by adopting the proposed scheme.
Real-time high-speed three-dimensional surface imaging using band-limited illumination profilometry with a CoaXPress interface
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Kilcullen Patrick , Liu Xianglei , Gribben Jeremy , Boate Alan , Ozaki Tsuneyuki , Liang Jinyang 
Published: January 2020

High-speed three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging by structured-light profilometry is currently driven by numerous applications. However, the limited speeds in fringe pattern projection, image acquisition, and data transmission have strained the existing methods from reaching kilohertz-level acquisition, processing, and display of 3D information during the occurrence of dynamic events (i.e., in real time). To overcome these limitations, we have developed band-limited illumination profilometry (BLIP) with a CoaXPress interface (CI), which enables real-time high-speed 3D surface imaging. We have demonstrated the system’s performance by imaging various static and fast-moving 3D objects in real time. We have also applied this system in fluid mechanics by imaging dynamics of a flag, which allowed observation of the wave propagation, gravity-induced phase mismatch, and asymmetric flapping motion. We expect CI-BLIP to find diverse scientific and industrial applications.
Wavelength- and dispersion-tunable ultrafast holmium-doped fiber laser with dual-color operation
Authors: Pawliszewska Maria , Dużyńska Anna , Zdrojek Mariusz , Sotor Jarosław 
Published: January 2020

We present a versatile ultrafast holmium-doped fiber laser with an intracavity Martinez compressor. The compressor enables continuous dispersion control, spectral filtering, and dual-color operation of the laser. Mode locking is supported for net cavity dispersion values ranging from highly anomalous (

−
1.42

p
s

2

) to net normal (

0.3

p
s

2

), and wavelength tuning of the optical solitons is obtained in a 2021–2096 nm span. Dual-color pulsed operation of the laser is reached by implementing a mechanical bandstop filter within the compressor. The repetition rate offset of the two emitted frequency combs can be tuned in a 3–8 kHz range by adjusting the net cavity dispersion, or by changing the beam block diameter. We show that a relatively simple fiber resonator integrated with a Martinez compressor can serve as a highly tunable laser source.
Real-time monitoring of temperature using a pulsed laser-diode-based photoacoustic system
Authors: Upputuri Paul Kumar , Das Dhiman , Maheshwari Muneesh , Yaowen Yang , Pramanik Manojit 
Published: January 2020

Tissue local temperature information is necessary for guiding energy-based medical treatments. In cancer treatments such as thermal therapy, heating is applied to local tissue to kill the tumor cells. These techniques require a temperature monitoring device with high sensitivity. In this Letter, we demonstrate a pulsed-laser-diode-(PLD)-based photoacoustic temperature sensing (PATS) system for monitoring tissue temperature in real time. The system takes advantage of a high repetition rate (7000 Hz), a near-infrared wavelength (803 nm), and a relatively high energy 1.42 mJ/pulse laser. The system is capable of providing local temperature information at high temporal resolution of 1 ms and high sensitivity of 0.31°C. The temperature data measured with a PLD-PATS system are compared with the data provided by the commercial fiber Bragg grating sensor. The proposed system will find applications in radio-frequency ablation, photothermal therapy, and focused ultrasound, etc., used for cancer treatments.
Prevalence and risk factors of polycystic ovarian syndrome among an ethnically diverse overweight/obese adolescent population
Authors: Maya Jacqueline , Siegel Janet , Cheng Tina Q. , Rousseau-Pierre Thaina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
More remains to be known about polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among overweight/obese adolescents across different ethnicities especially in regards to mental illness as an associated comorbidity.

Objective
To determine the prevalence of PCOS among overweight and obese adolescents and to evaluate known risk factors for PCOS in a diverse population.

Methods
Charts of patients at an Adolescent Clinic between April 1, 2016 and July 30, 2018 were filtered using: obese, overweight and body mass index (BMI) >85%. Charts were reviewed to identify the presence of PCOS using National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria, race/ethnicity and known risk factors for PCOS [lipid, BMI, glycated hemoglobin (HA1c), blood pressure (BP)] and mental health conditions associated with PCOS (anxiety/depression and self-harm/suicidal ideation).

Results
Patients with PCOS were more likely to have elevated lipids (19.6% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.05), be obese (67.4% vs. 50.9%, p = 0.03), and have acanthosis nigricans (68.9% vs. 28.2%, p =< 0.001). PCOS was more common among non-Hispanic patients (77.9%) vs. Hispanic patients (57.8%). There was no difference in the prevalence of depression/anxiety (37% vs. 33%, respectively, p = 0.590) or self – harm/suicidal ideation (17% vs. 17%, p = 0.96) in patients with and without PCOS. In a logistic regression model, after adjusting for all demographics and clinical features, ethnicity, acanthosis nigricans and BMI were significant risk factors for PCOS.

Conclusion
Patients with PCOS are more likely to be obese, hyperlipidemic, have acanthosis nigricans and be of non-Hispanic ethnicity. However, there was no difference in the prevalence of depression/anxiety and self-harm/suicidal ideation among adolescents with or without PCOS.
Dietary supplementation of Pleurotus tuber regium in rat feed ameliorates metabolic and hematotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride
Authors: Okolo Kenneth Obinna , Orisakwe Orish Ebere , Siminialayi Iyeopu Minakiri 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Pleurotus tuber regium, a wild edible mushroom can reduce free radical-mediated injury and oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) via improvement of antioxidant capacity. This work evaluates the protective effects of this mushroom against the metabolic and hematological toxicity induced by CCl4. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 10). Group I received olive oil (3 mL/kg) i.p. twice weekly for 13 weeks, while maintaining free access to food and water ad libitum (negative control). Group II received 3 mL/kg (30% CCl4 in olive oil) injected i.p. twice weekly, while Groups III, IV, and V received 100, 200, and 500 mg wild edible P. tuber regium (33.3% in feed) daily in addition to 3 mL/kg CCl4 in olive oil injected twice weekly i.p. Group VI received olive oil (3 mL/kg) i.p. twice weekly for 13 weeks in addition to 500 mg P. tuber regium (33.3% in feed) daily. The body weight (b.w.), feed intake (FI), and water intake (WI) were obtained weekly, while the hematological indices and oxidative stress parameters were carried out shortly after necropsy on days 30, 60, and 90. Treatment with CCl4 significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the b.w., FI and WI, feed efficiency, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total glutathione, and peroxidase, while increasing the oxidative stress as measured by malondialdehyde in CCl4 only group when compared with control. Supplementation of feed with P. tuber regium reversed the effects of CCl4. Pleurotus tuber regium ameliorated the CCl4-induced metabolic and hematotoxicity by improving the antioxidant capacity.
Stillbirth and subsequent pregnancy outcome – a cohort from a large tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Pekkola Maria , Tikkanen Minna , Gissler Mika , Paavonen Jorma , Stefanovic Vedran 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to assess pregnancy and delivery outcomes in women with a history of stillbirth in a large tertiary referral hospital.

Methods
This was a retrospective study from Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. The cohort comprised 214 antepartum singleton stillbirths in the period 2003–2015 (case group). Of these, 154 delivered by the end of 2017. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared to those in singleton pregnancies of parous women in Finland from the Finnish Medical Birth Register (reference group).

Results
The rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes were higher among case women for preeclampsia (3.3 vs. 0.9%, P = 0.002), preterm birth (8.5 vs. 3.9%, P = 0.004), small-for-gestational-age (SGA) children (7.8 vs. 2.2%, P < 0.001) and stillbirth (2.7 vs. 0.3%, P < 0.001). There were four preterm recurrent stillbirths. Induction of labor was more common among case women than parous women in the reference group (49.4 vs. 18.3%, P < 0.001). Duration of pregnancy was shorter among case women (38.29 ± 3.20 vs. 39.27 ± 2.52, P < 0.001), and mean birth weight was lower among newborns of the case women (3274 ± 770 vs. 3491 ± 674 g, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Although the rates for adverse pregnancy outcomes were higher compared to the parous background population, the overall probability of a favorable outcome was high. The risk of recurrent premature stillbirth in our cohort was higher than that for parous women in general during the study period. No recurrent term stillbirths occurred, however.
Language, medical tourism and the enterprising self
Authors: Muth Sebastian , Suryanarayan Neelakshi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to demonstrate the implications of health mobility on language practices in the medical tourism industry in India and on the ways, language workers become entrepreneurs. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork that traces the trajectories of three former students of Russian, we highlight their future aspirations as language learners and entrepreneurs and show, how they attempt to capitalize on language skills and respond to changing conditions and patient movements within the structures, constraints and uncertainties of the linguistic market. Here, it is our aim to illustrate what it takes to become an enterprising and successful language worker and at the same time highlight their current positioning as emblematic yet subordinate figures within a fast-growing service industry in an emerging economy. We further demonstrate, how language skills not only become commodities to serve existing or future markets, but instead are recast as tools that can be strategically employed to secure recognition and access to prestigious and lucrative professional networks. In doing so, this paper illustrates how linguistic value is produced in a service industry that to date only received little attention in sociolinguistic research.
Second language socialization in the margins: Queering the paradigm
Authors: Rowlett Benedict J.L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article explores aspects of second language socialization with respect to same gender relationships formed in the queer spaces of Siem Reap, a major tourist city in Cambodia. In order to explore the processes of socialization that emerged from ethnographic fieldwork in this setting as a key factor informing these relationship practices, I present an analysis of narrative accounts from interviews with local men. These English speaking Cambodian men describe how their linguistic knowledge (metapragmatic awareness), understanding and participation in these relationship practices developed through their personal engagement in the multilingual queer spaces of the city; spaces in which they meet and befriend tourists from the global north. Departing to some extent from widely espoused notions of identity and community in second language socialization research, this queer analysis seeks to engage more fully with socialization as it relates to the semiotic production of space/time. In this way, I account for how a queering of the language socialization paradigm may afford us greater analytical and interpretive purchase when conducting language research on social practices in the margins.
Pakistan: country report on children’s environmental health
Authors: Majeed Muhammad Mansoor , Munir Asfa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPakistan is a developing country with an estimated population of 220 million, and among them 34% are children. Due to the lack of a proper health care system, particularly in rural areas, children are prone to many environmental hazards. This paper reports about the different environmental health issues faced by children in Pakistan and was presented at the Regional Meeting on Children’s Environmental Health at the Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand in May 2019. Pakistan is among those countries where polio is still present due to misconceptions, hard-to-reach areas, war zones, political uncertainty, etc. Extensively drug-resistant typhoid is broadly spreading in Pakistan, and this is a very serious concern over antibiotic failure around the world. Pakistan was long considered a region with a low prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, but now the disease is spreading at an alarming rate. Globally, Pakistan has the third highest burden of maternal, fetal and child mortality. In the last 10 years or so, around 10,000 cases of dengue have been reported with around 800 deaths, including children. Other issues related to children’s environmental health in Pakistan include cholera because of poor sanitation and hygiene, respiratory disease due to pollution, exposure to pesticides, diarrhea, occupational hazards as a result of child labor, etc.
A Self-Portrait as Landscape Painter: Caspar David Friedrich and Phrenology
Authors: Amstutz Nina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A Self-Portrait as Landscape Painter: Caspar David Friedrich and Phrenology
The article explores a precocious moment of interest in how the brain mediates aesthetic perception. Around 1810, Caspar David Friedrich drew himself with several features that deviate from his earlier self-portraits, including two bumps between the brows at the root of the nose. These cranial protuberances were associated with a cognitive faculty that the phrenologist Franz Joseph Gall insisted is common among landscape painters: Ortssinn, characterized by a heightened ability to remember places and to measure distance and perspective. I argue that Friedrich’s drawing is a self-portrait as landscape painter, where the signifiers of identity are no longer conventional artistic or sartorial attributes but rather the contours of the cranium and, by implication, the fabric of the artist’s mind.
Deutsch-deutsche Kunstgeschichte am Beispiel von Hanne Darboven und Werner Tübke
Authors: Dickel Hans 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Deutsch-deutsche Kunstgeschichte am Beispiel von Hanne Darboven und Werner Tübke
The histories of art in former East and West Germany have been described as evolving synchronously. This article, arguing from another point of view, analyzes two works from the 1980s, both of them outstanding in purpose and size: Werner Tübke’s monumental painting Frühbürgerliche Revolution in Deutschland in the Museum Bad Frankenhausen (formerly GDR) and Hanne Darboven’s Bismarckzeit in the Kunstmuseum Bonn (FRG). The investigation into their subjects, forms, and contents within their historical contexts – the period of Erich Honecker’s claim for a socialist tradition and Helmut Schmidt’s Realpolitik, respectively – reveals a greater distinctness grounded on different concepts of art, i.e., anti-modern (Tübke) versus modernist (Darboven). Nevertheless, in their view of German history a common kind of scepticism about teleology may be discerned, which is based on the artists’ shared experiences of Germany’s disastrous contribution to the twentieth century.
Nachrichten aus Nürnberg: The Annunciation as an Epistolary Address
Authors: Brisman Shira 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
When, around the turn of the fifteenth century, the art of northern Europe developed a pictorial motif whereby an angel delivers the news of the Incarnation in the form of a sealed document, the material properties of ink and wax metaphorically evoked the unique properties of the inscription of divine form upon Mary’s virginal body. The social impact of this communication, the dissemination of the message to a community of recipients, could be strengthened by references to the re-transmittable nature of the announcement, as enforced by other indicators of sociability detectable in different portions of the narrative scheme. The Tucher Altarpiece in Nuremberg and Michael Wolgemut’s altarpiece for the cathedral of St. Mary in Zwickau present two examples of uses of the epistolary Annunciation that may have influenced Albrecht Dürer, who employs the motif in his woodcut series The Life of the Virgin, which also contains, along with this pictorial form of broad address, more narrowly articulated messages to his contemporaries in the form of written words.