bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The correlation between identifying needs and choosing the appropriate productive art for use / primary health care centers as an example
Authors: Mahmood Zinah Muayad , Mohammed Mohammed Jasim 
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the study is to identify the need to improve health services in Iraq by determining the efficiency of service in health care centres and working on exploiting limited resources through choosing the most efficient technological art represented by using precast concrete technology to fill the shortfall in the establishment health centres for primary care and to explain the impact of this on saving resources, time, and increasing production efficiency. To achieve this, the quantitative analysis adopted as a methodology in the study by determining the size of the deficit in the infrastructure of health centres for primary care according to the standard of a health centre / 10.000 people with an estimate of the future need for the next ten years depending on the population growth rate estimated by (2.6%). In addition to exploiting the available resources and achieving stability for the population by providing productive employment opportunities within the medium and long term. This makes the study distinguished by originality, as it linked the diagnosis of the problem of finding solutions using the modern technical method that encourages private investment.
Paper type: Technical paper.
Evaluation of Visual Inspection of Cervix with Acetic Acid and Liquid Based in Cervical Cancer Screening with Cervical Biopsy
Authors: Shrestha Bigya , Malla Vaidya Karishma , Joshi Rijuta 
Published: November 2020

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in developing countries. Cervical cancer generally develops slowly over a period of 10-15 years. Incidence and mortality related to cervical cancer both have declining in developed countries because of effective screening programs through Papanicolaou smear. Therefore, cervical cancer can be prevented through implementation of different methods of screening programs like visual inspection of cervix with application of acetic acid visual inspection with acetic acid, liquid based cytology and human papilloma virus deoxyribonucleic acid. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of visual inspection with Acetic Acid with liquid based cytology in cervical cancer screening taking cervical biopsy as a gold standard.
Methods: The study was conducted at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu. One hundred forty four patients underwent visual inspection with acetic acid and liquid based cytology test followed by biopsy for confirmation of the lesion, when required. Data were obtained and statistically analyzed.
Results: Out of 144 screened patients, 62 (43.05%) were positive in visual inspection with acetic acid test. Eighteen (12.5%) cases were positive in liquid based cytology. Thirteen women were positive with both tests. Thirty-nine cases underwent histopathological examination including 13 cases who were positive in both tests. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for visual inspection with acetic acid was 81.25%, 65.22%, 61.90% and 83.33%, whereas for liquid based cytology it was 100%, 91.30%, 88.89% and 94.87% respectively.
Conclusions: Liquid based cytology was more efficacious to diagnose atypical cells with higher sensitivity and specificity in comparison to that of visual Inspection with Acetic Acid test.
Keywords: Cervical cancer; liquid based cytology; visual inspection with acetic acid
Anxiety and Depression among Patients with Thyroid Function Disorders
Authors: Gorkhali Binu , Sharma Sita , Amatya Mrigendra , Acharya Devaka , Sharma Muna 
Published: November 2020

Background: Psychiatric comorbidities are common in thyroid disorder patients and complicate patients’ life quality as well as disease management. We aimed to explore prevalence of anxiety and depression and identify associated characteristics among patients with thyroid function disorder.
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 129 thyroid disorder patients aged ?20 years. A semi-structured questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory were used for sociodemographic characteristics, anxiety, and depression respectively. Group differences were compared (Chi square) or correlations were determined (Pearson’s correlation coefficient).
Results: Patients’ mean age was 38.09±12.68 years; most were females (102, 79.1%) and hypothyroid (90, 69.8%). Overall prevalence of anxiety and depression were 50.4% and 42.6% respectively. Anxiety was more prevalent in females (54.9% vs 33.3% in males, p=0.046), low economic status (73.9% vs 35.5% in higher status, p=0.019), and hyperthyroid (64.1% vs 44.4% in hypothyroid, p=0.040). Depression was more prevalent in females (47.1% vs 25.9% in males, p=0.048), Janajati ethnic group (54.8% vs 31.1% in Brahmin-Chhetri, p=0.002), lower economic status (69.6% vs 35.5% in higher status, p=0.016), and hyperthyroid (56.4% vs 36.7% in hypothyroid, p=0.037). Associations with occupation, marital status, family type, religion, and duration of illness were not significant.
Conclusions: Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent among thyroid disorder patients, especially in females, lower economic status, and hyperfunction type thyroid disorder. Management of thyroid disorders should incorporate treatment of anxiety and depression; routine psychiatric screening of the groups with higher prevalence is advisable.
Keywords: Anxiety; depression; prevalence; thyroid function disorders
Detailed analysis of Ga-rich current pathways created in an n-Al0.7Ga0.3N layer grown on an AlN template with dense macrosteps
Authors: Nagasawa Yosuke , Hirano Akira , Ippommatsu Masamichi , Sako Hideki , Hashimoto Ai , Sugie Ryuichi , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi , Akasaki Isamu , Kojima Kazunobu , Chichibu Shigefusa F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To clarify the behavior of the AlGaN in 20 nm wide Ga-rich current pathways in an n-AlGaN layer, which assists carrier localization in AlGaN-based light-emitting diodes, we performed a detailed analysis using an n-Al0.7Ga0.3N layer on AlN with dense macrosteps on a 1.0° miscut sapphire substrate. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, obtained using cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy calibrated by Rutherford backscattering and cross-sectional cathodoluminescence spectra, indicated that AlN mole fraction in the Ga-rich current pathways was nearly ~2/3. This result is consistent with those of other research groups, suggesting that metastable Al2/3Ga1/3N is created in Ga-rich current pathways.
APPROACH TO DETERMINING THE VALUE OF THE DYNAMIC RANGE OF AN OPTICAL RECEIVER THAT IMPLEMENTS DIRECT AND HETERODYNE DETECTION METHODS
Authors: Козирацкий А.Ю. , Гревцев А.И. , Буров Р.И. 
Published: November 2020

Рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с определением возможностей использования фотодетекторов в различных схемах детектирования при приеме сигналов с изменяющейся амплитудой. Определены особенности влияния реализуемых на практике схем детектирования на величину динамического диапазона фотодетектора и потенциально достижимую чувствительность. Разработан подход, позволяющий провести сравнительную оценку изменения величины динамического диапазона в зависимости от реализуемой схемы оптического приемника. Показано, что в отличие от схемы прямого детектирования, где величина динамического диапазона напрямую определяется свойствами самого фотодетектора, при гетеродинном детектировании основную роль в определении указанной величины играет уровень опорного колебания. Анализ полученных результатов показывает, что адаптивное управление величиной опорного колебания при переходе к схеме гетеродинного детектирования с сохранением типа фотодетектора позволяет не только существенно расширить диапазон изменения амплитуды принимаемых сигналов и максимизировать величину динамического диапазона, но и реализовать потенциально достижимую чувствительность, величина которой определяется шумовыми свойствами самого фотодетектора. Конкретизация типа рассматриваемых фотодетекторов позволила ограничиться рассмотрением только теплового и дробового шумов. Определение величины динамического диапазона для других типов фотодетекторов в рамках данного подхода возможно с учетом присущих им шумовых свойств
Here we consider issues related to determining the possibilities of using photodetectors in various detection schemes when receiving signals with varying amplitudes. We determined the features of the influence of practical detection schemes on the value of the dynamic range of the photodetector and the potentially achievable sensitivity. We developed an approach that allows for a comparative assessment of changes in the dynamic range depending on the implemented optical receiver scheme. We show that in contrast to the direct detection scheme, where the value of the dynamic range is directly determined by the properties of the photodetector itself, in the case of heterodyne detection, the level of the reference oscillation plays a decisive role in determining this value. Analysis of the obtained results shows that adaptive control of the reference oscillation value when switching to the heterodyne detection scheme with the preservation of the photodetector type allows us not only to significantly expand the range of changes in the amplitude of the received signals and maximize the dynamic range but also to realize a potentially achievable sensitivity, the value of which is determined by the noise properties of the photodetector itself
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE METAMATERIAL PYRAMIDAL HORN INTEGRATED INTO THE CONSTRUCTION ON THE DIRECTIONAL DIAGRAM
Authors: Ищенко Е.А. , Пастернак Ю.Г. , Сиваш М.А. , Фёдоров С.М. 
Published: November 2020

Рассматривается метаматериал, который интегрирован в конструкцию пирамидальной рупорной антенны. Коммутация узлов метаматериала позволяет осуществлять управление диаграммой направленности рассматриваемой антенны. Для замыкания узлов в решетке метаматериала применяются pin-диоды, которые имеют в открытом состоянии эквивалентную схему, представляющую собой последовательное соединение сопротивления 2,1 Ом и индуктивности 0,6 нГн. Предложенная конструкция позволяет добиться управления характеристиками диаграммы направленности рассматриваемой антенны в широких пределах. Управление характеристиками антенн путем применения метаматериалов различных конструкций является передовым методом управления характеристиками излучателя. Для получения результатов применялось электродинамическое моделирование в специализированном программном обеспечении, на основе полученных результатов были построены диаграммы направленности в диапазоне работы рупорной антенны. Приведены результаты моделирования в виде трехмерных моделей исследуемых конструкций метаматериала, коммутируемых узлов; диаграммы направленности полученных антенн, на которых были определены изменения, вносимые коммутируемыми линиями метаматериала. Наибольшее изменение картин диаграмм направленности наблюдалось на частотах 13 и 14 ГГц, входящих в целевой диапазон работ рупорной антенны, основные исследования производились в H-плоскости рупора, так как коммутации подвергались вертикальные линии метаматериала
The article discusses a metamaterial that is integrated into the structure of a pyramidal horn. Switching the nodes of the metamaterial allows you to control the radiation pattern of the antenna in question. To close the nodes in the lattice of the metamaterial, pin diodes are used, which in the open state have an equivalent circuit, which is a series connection of a resistance of 2.1 Ohm and an inductance of 0.6 nH. The proposed design makes it possible to achieve control over the characteristics of the radiation pattern of the antenna in question over a wide range. Antenna control by the use of metamaterials of various designs is an advanced method of a beam control. To obtain the results, electrodynamic modeling was used in specialized software, on the basis of the results obtained, directional patterns were constructed in the operating range of the horn antenna. The article presents the results of modeling in the form of three-dimensional models of the investigated metamaterial structures, switched nodes; directional diagrams of the received antennas, on which the changes introduced by the switched lines of the metamaterial were determined. The greatest change in the patterns of radiation patterns was observed at frequencies of 13 and 14 GHz, included in the target range of the horn antenna, the main studies were carried out in the H-plane of the horn, since the vertical lines of the metamaterial were subjected to commutation
METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE STATE OF THE ORAL CAVITY USING A SIMPLIFIED INDEX OF HYGIENE IGR-U
Authors: Полушкина Наталия Александровна , Вечеркина Жанна Владимировна , Олейник Ольга Игоревна , Андреева Елена Анатольевна , Примачева Наталья Владимировна 
Published: November 2020

Среди важнейших проблем современной стоматологии воспалительные заболевания пародонта занимают одно из ведущих мест. Несмотря на определенные успехи, достигнутые в расшифровке причин и разработке методов лечения хронического генерализованного пародонтита (ХГП), механизмы его возникновения и развития до настоящего времени окончательно не определены. Хронический генерализованный пародонтит остается наиболее распространенной и тяжелой стоматологической патологией. По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, основанным на клиническом обследовании населения 53 стран, наиболее высокий показатель заболеваемости пародонтитом и гингивитом выявляется в возрасте от 35 до 44 лет и составляет 65-98%. Многочисленные исследования последних десятилетий, посвященные вопросам состояния неспецифической защиты и иммунного статуса полости рта при ХГП, показали, что в развитии воспалительно-дистрофического процесса в пародонте определяющая роль отводится изменениям местного и общего иммунитета. Таким образом, в данной работе представлены результаты проведенных исследований, направленные на изучение данных проблем, особенно важны для повышения эффективности ортопедического лечения пациентов с хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом, осложненным частичным отсутствием зубов на фоне сахарного диабета и представляются нам актуальными
Among the most important problems of modern dentistry, inflammatory periodontal diseases occupy one of the leading places. Despite some progress achieved in deciphering the causes and developing methods for treating chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP), the mechanisms of its occurrence and development have not yet been finally determined. Chronic generalized periodontitis remains the most common and severe dental disease. According to the World Health Organization, based on a clinical survey of the population of 53 countries, the highest incidence rate of periodontitis and gingivitis is detected at the age of 35 to 44 years and is 65-98%. Numerous studies of recent decades, devoted to the state of nonspecific protection and the immune status of the oral cavity in CGP, have shown that changes in local and general immunity play a decisive role in the development of the inflammatory-dystrophic process in the periodontium. Thus, this work presents the results of studies aimed at studying these problems, which are especially important for increasing the effectiveness of orthopedic treatment of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis complicated by partial absence of teeth on the background of diabetes mellitus and seem to us relevant
ON ACADEMIC DISHONESTY AND ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVITY OF STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE IN THE SITUATION OF TRANSITION TO DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors: Корницкая Анна Борисовна , Палагина Оксана Игоревна 
Published: November 2020

Статья посвящена обзору и анализу мер, направленных на профилактику проявлений академической нечестности во время выполнения контрольных и проверочных работ студентами, изучающими иностранные языки, в условиях экстренного перехода с очного на дистанционный формат обучения.
The article deals with the survey and the analysis of the measures aimed at preventing cases of academic dishonesty during test-taking in the emergency transition to distance learning by full-time students studying foreign languages.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF NOUNS IN PERSIAN
Authors: Байбулатов Шакир Арсланович , Асадов Мурад Физулиевич , Бикбаев Вадим Манцурович 
Published: November 2020

В статье рассматриваются особенности классификации имен существительных в персидском языке по различным способам выражения, роль существительных в предложении и в системе частей речи. Отмечается, что при сравнении в персидском и русском языках наблюдаются случаи несовпадения в выражении таких понятий, как собирательность и единичность, а признак предметности не имеет в персидских словах формально выраженного показателя.
The article discusses the features of classification of nouns in the Persian language by different ways of expression, the role of nouns in a sentence and in the system of parts of speech. It is noted that when comparing in Persian and Russian, there are cases of discrepancy in the expression of such concepts as collectivity and singularity, and the sign of objectivity does not have a formally expressed indicator in Persian words.
LONG-TERM DYNAMIC OF ISCHEMIC LESION VOLUME AND THE BRAIN HEMISPHERES’ VOLUME IN THE MODEL OF FOCAL ISCHEMIA MODEL IN RAT
Authors: Шварц Владислав Александрович , Кудабаева Марина Станиславовна , Губский Илья Леонидович , Наместникова Дарья Дмитриевна , Ходанович Марина Юрьевна 
Published: November 2020

В исследовании изучалась динамика объема ишемического очага и объемов полушарий мозга у животных с локальной ишемией в течении 2 месяцев после ишемии при помощи ручной сегментации. Были выявлены значимые различия между объемами полушарий на 1, 3, 14, 21, 30, 42 день исследования (p<0,01-0,05),, а также резкий рост объема ишемического поражения в течение 1-3 суток, после чего его объем монотонно уменьшался.
Ischemic lesion volume and the brain hemisphere volume long-term changes were evaluated during 2 month after focal ischemia in rats using manual segmentation,. Significant differences were identified between hemisphere volumes on the 1st, 3rd, 14th, 21st, 30th, 42nd day after ischemia (p<0,01-0,05). A sharp increase in volume ischemic lesion was identified from the 1st till the 3rd day, then lesion volume constantly decreased.
Why optional stopping can be a problem for Bayesians
Authors: de Heide Rianne , Grünwald Peter D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently, optional stopping has been a subject of debate in the Bayesian psychology community. Rouder (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review21(2), 301–308, 2014) argues that optional stopping is no problem for Bayesians, and even recommends the use of optional stopping in practice, as do (Wagenmakers, Wetzels, Borsboom, van der Maas & Kievit,Perspectives on Psychological Science7, 627–633, 2012). This article addresses the question of whether optional stopping is problematic for Bayesian methods, and specifies under which circumstances and in which sense it is and is not. By slightly varying and extending Rouder’s (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review21(2), 301–308, 2014) experiments, we illustrate that, as soon as the parameters of interest are equipped with default or pragmatic priors—which means, in most practical applications of Bayes factor hypothesis testing—resilience to optional stopping can break down. We distinguish between three types of default priors, each having their own specific issues with optional stopping, ranging from no-problem-at-all (type 0 priors) to quite severe (type II priors).
Estimating the Ultraviolet Emission of M Dwarfs with Exoplanets from Ca ii and Hα
Authors: Melbourne Katherine , Youngblood Allison , France Kevin , Froning C. S. , Pineda J. Sebastian , Shkolnik Evgenya L. , Wilson David J. , Wood Brian E. , Basu Sarbani , Roberge Aki , Schlieder Joshua E. , Cauley P. Wilson , Loyd R. O. Parke , Newton Elisabeth R. , Schneider Adam , Arulanantham Nicole , Berta-Thompson Zachory , Brown Alexander , Buccino Andrea P. , Kempton Eliza , Linsky Jeffrey L. , Logsdon Sarah E. , Mauas Pablo , Pagano Isabella , Peacock Sarah , Redfield Seth , Rugheimer Sarah , Schneider P. Christian , Teal D. J. , Tian Feng , Tilipman Dennis , Vieytes Mariela 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
M dwarf stars are excellent candidates around which to search for exoplanets, including temperate, Earth-sized planets. To evaluate the photochemistry of the planetary atmosphere, it is essential to characterize the UV spectral energy distribution of the planet’s host star. This wavelength regime is important because molecules in the planetary atmosphere such as oxygen and ozone have highly wavelength-dependent absorption cross sections that peak in the UV (900–3200 Å). We seek to provide a broadly applicable method of estimating the UV emission of an M dwarf, without direct UV data, by identifying a relationship between noncontemporaneous optical and UV observations. Our work uses the largest sample of M dwarf star far- and near-UV observations yet assembled. We evaluate three commonly observed optical chromospheric activity indices—Hα equivalent widths and log10 L
Hα
/L
bol, and the Mount Wilson Ca ii H&K S and

indices—using optical spectra from the HARPS, UVES, and HIRES archives and new HIRES spectra. Archival and new Hubble Space Telescope COS and STIS spectra are used to measure line fluxes for the brightest chromospheric and transition region emission lines between 1200 and 2800 Å. Our results show a correlation between UV emission-line luminosity normalized to the stellar bolometric luminosity and Ca ii

with standard deviations of 0.31–0.61 dex (factors of ∼2–4) about the best-fit lines. We also find correlations between normalized UV line luminosity and Hα log10 L
Hα
/L
bol and the S index. These relationships allow one to estimate the average UV emission from M0 to M9 dwarfs when UV data are not available.
High-resolution Near-infrared Spectroscopic Study of Galactic Supernova Remnants. I. Kinematic Distances
Authors: Lee Yong-Hyun , Koo Bon-Chul , Lee Jae-Joon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We have carried out high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopic observations toward 16 Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) showing strong H2 emission features. A dozen bright H2 emission lines are clearly detected for individual SNRs, and we have measured their central velocities, line widths, and fluxes. For all SNRs except one (G9.9−0.8), the H2 line ratios are well consistent with that of thermal excitation at T ∼ 2000 K, indicating that the H2 emission lines are most likely from shock-excited gas and therefore that they are physically associated with the remnants. The kinematic distances to the 15 SNRs are derived from the central velocities of the H2 lines using a Galactic rotation model. We derive for the first time the kinematic distances to four SNRs: G13.5+0.2, G16.0−0.5, G32.1−0.9, and G33.2−0.6. Among the remaining 11 SNRs, the central velocities of the H2 emission lines for six SNRs are well consistent (±5

) with those obtained in previous radio observations, while for the other five SNRs (G18.1−0.1, G18.9−1.1, Kes 69, 3C 396, W49B) they are significantly different. We discuss the velocity discrepancies in these five SNRs. In G9.9−0.8, the H2 emission shows nonthermal line ratios and narrow line width (∼4

), and we discuss its origin.