bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-dialectal productivity of the Spanish subjunctive in
nominal clause complements
Authors: Schwenter Scott A. , Hoff Mark R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We performed a large-scale corpus study of the
subjunctive across Argentine, Mexican, and Peninsular Spanish, in
order to determine possible differences in productivity across
dialects. Our data (N = 6,822) from the
web/dialects section of Davies’
(2016–) Corpus del Español were
collected through random sampling of 22 matrix verb governors. All
three dialects were significantly different from one another in
type:token ratio, whereas only Spain differed from the others in
terms of hapax legomena:type ratio. Furthermore,
only eight verbs showed the same behavior across all dialects.
Subjunctive productivity thus varies by both dialect and governor,
thereby revealing the critical importance of both inter- and
intra-dialectal variation for the correct analysis of
morphosyntactic phenomena. The conditioning of the variation across
dialects, nevertheless, was similar: mixed-effects logistic
regression in R revealed that negated governors and cases of
non-coreferentiality between main and subordinate clause subjects
select significantly more subjunctive.
Mood selection in a contact variety
Authors: Bove Kathryn 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Researchers have noted unique qualities of
Yucatec Spanish with regard to phonetics, syntax, and pragmatics
(Bove, 2019; Hoot, 2016; Michnowicz, 2009, 2012; Solomon, 1996, 1999). The objective of this study is
twofold: to describe mood in Yucatec Spanish and to identify how
bilingual and monolingual speakers’ mood selection differs. Results
indicate that volitional predicates categorically license
subjunctive while alternation exists under emotive and epistemic
predicates. This alternation highlights statistically significant
differences between monolingual and bilingual speakers of Yucatec
Spanish (p = 0.01 and 0.04 respectively). Emotive
predicates pattern with previous accounts of Mexican Spanish (e.g.,
Lope Blanch, 1989),
but unanticipated subjunctive selection in epistemic assertions,
interrogatives, and statements with past temporal reference
highlight a difference between monolingual and bilingual
participants.
Did you say peso or
beso?
Authors: Pollock Matthew 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Perceptual Assimilation Model for L2 speakers
and the Speech Learning Model make predictions about the difficulty
of acquisition based on pre-existing boundaries in learners’ L1s.
This study focuses on differences between voice onset time in
English and Spanish stops, especially related to perceptual cues.
Participants – 10 Spanish native speakers and 131 L1 English
learners of Spanish at various levels – categorized 120 stimuli
containing Spanish minimal pairs beginning with voiced and voiceless
stops and the distractor /r/. Classifications varied based on
acoustic manipulations of VOT, the original phone, and proficiency
level. While VOT is an important determiner in perceptual
boundaries, and learners can acquire L2 distinctions (although often
not achieving native-like patterns), additional acoustic differences
affect sound identification.
Sheísmo in Montevideo Spanish
Authors: Michnowicz Jim , Planchón Lucía 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Studies have documented an ongoing change from
/ʒ/ to /ʃ/ in Rioplatense Spanish, and research
indicates that the change to /ʃ/ is complete for young speakers of
Buenos Aires (BA) Spanish. However, sheísmo in the
neighboring country of Uruguay has not been thoroughly studied. The
present study finds that, unlike in BA, the change to /ʃ/ is not yet
complete in Montevideo, as determined by persistent sex differences
among young speakers (Cameron,
2011; Chang,
2008), and differences in voicing rates between
/ʒ/~/ʃ/and phonologically voiceless /s/, indicating that observed
voicing is not due solely to gestural overlap (Rohena-Madrazo, 2015).
Uruguay is at least one generation behind BA for this change,
distinguishing the Spanish spoken in the two regions.
Decolonial sociolinguistics gestures of Andean Quechua-Spanish
bilingual college students promoting Quechua
Authors: Kenfield Yuliana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Andean college students in Cusco, Peru, struggle
to overcome sociolinguistic discrimination against Quechua-Spanish
bilingualism during their pursuit of higher education. To examine
this situation and possibilities for change, I employed a
participatory method, photovoice (Wang & Burris, 1994) within a
community-based participatory research framework, to facilitate
bilingual college students’ exploration of Quechuan practices in
their university. Findings of this participatory study explain how
bilingual participants contributed to community critical awareness
of Quechua-Spanish bilingual ideologies in Cusco when presenting
their visual metaphors during photo interventions. Participants
shared personal experiences to maintaining their Quechua language
and shared their proposals for encouraging their university to
create a fertile terrain for bilingualism, rooting out ideologies of
deficits toward Quechua, and promoting Quechuan practices in
college.
A physics-guided modular deep-learning based automated framework for tumor segmentation in PET
Authors: Leung Kevin H , Marashdeh Wael , Wray Rick , Ashrafinia Saeed , Pomper Martin G , Rahmim Arman , Jha Abhinav K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
An important need exists for reliable positron emission tomography (PET) tumor-segmentation methods for tasks such as PET-based radiation-therapy planning and reliable quantification of volumetric and radiomic features. To address this need, we propose an automated physics-guided deep-learning-based three-module framework to segment PET images on a per-slice basis. The framework is designed to help address the challenges of limited spatial resolution and lack of clinical training data with known ground-truth tumor boundaries in PET. The first module generates PET images containing highly realistic tumors with known ground-truth using a new stochastic and physics-based approach, addressing lack of training data. The second module trains a modified U-net using these images, helping it learn the tumor-segmentation task. The third module fine-tunes this network using a small-sized clinical dataset with radiologist-defined delineations as surrogate ground-truth, helping the framework learn features potentially missed in simulated tumors. The framework was evaluated in the context of segmenting primary tumors in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET images of patients with lung cancer. The framework’s accuracy, generalizability to different scanners, sensitivity to partial volume effects (PVEs) and efficacy in reducing the number of training images were quantitatively evaluated using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and several other metrics. The framework yielded reliable performance in both simulated (DSC: 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86, 0.88)) and patient images (DSC: 0.73 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.76)), outperformed several widely used semi-automated approaches, accurately segmented relatively small tumors (smallest segmented cross-section was 1.83 cm2), generalized across five PET scanners (DSC: 0.74 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.76)), was relatively unaffected by PVEs, and required low training data (training with data from even 30 patients yielded DSC of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.71)). In conclusion, the proposed automated physics-guided deep-learning-based PET-segmentation framework yielded reliable performance in delineating tumors in FDG-PET images of patients with lung cancer.
Influence of multipolar electrostatic and van der Waals forces on the coagulation of silicon nanoparticles in low-temperature argon-silane plasmas
Authors: Santos Benjamin , Vidal François 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Numerical calculations have been performed to investigate the effects of electrostatic and van der Waals interactions on coalescing silicon nanoparticles in isotropic low-temperature argon–silane plasmas. The electrostatic interaction between nanoparticles is modeled using three approaches, including the elementary Coulomb interaction, a rigorous electrostatic multipolar expansion, and an approximate form of the latter. The van der Waals interaction is described using the Hamaker expression regularized at short separation distance to manage the singularity at the contact surface. The evolution of the size and charge distributions are calculated by solving the general dynamic equation numerically for the coagulation of charged particles and using simplified approaches for nucleation, surface growth, and self-consistent plasma dynamics. A two-population size distribution, as observed in experiments, results naturally from this model. The electrostatic multipolar force is found to enhance the coagulation as compared to the elementary Coulomb force. The details of the growth process depend, however, significantly on the adopted regularization of the Hamaker expression at a short distance.
An interdecadal extension of the Indo-Pacific warm pool and its strengthened influence on the South China Sea summer monsoon since the late 1980s
Authors: Yin Xiaoxue , Huangfu Jingliang , Zhou Lian-Tong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this study, the interdecadal change in the size of the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) and its connection with the intensity of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) in May are investigated. The results show that the size of the IPWP experienced a marked interdecadal extension in the late 1980s, and its impacts on the SCSSM have also strengthened. Further analyses indicate that interdecadal changes in the connection between the IPWP and SCSSM variations are related to the changes in the atmospheric circulation anomalies over the tropical western Pacific due to the size of the IPWP. During 1951–1986, the IPWP was smaller than the climatologic size, which led to suppressed convection over the tropical western Pacific and easterly anomalies north of the equator. The Philippines and South China Sea (SCS) region was controlled by anomalous anticyclonic circulation, which was not conducive to the formation and development of the SCSSM. In contrast, during 1987–2018, the IPWP expanded significantly eastward. As a response to the IPWP size extension, convective activities were enhanced over the tropical western Pacific. Anomalous cyclonic circulation was located over the Philippines and SCS regions, which favored the enhancement of the SCSSM through wide westerly flow in the Bay of Bengal and tropical western Pacific. Moreover, it is shown that the interdecadally enhanced intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) over the tropical western Pacific in the late 1980s also favored reinforcement of the SCSSM intensity.
Quantifying the potential for climate change mitigation of consumption options
Authors: Ivanova Diana , Barrett John , Wiedenhofer Dominik , Macura Biljana , Callaghan Max , Creutzig Felix 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background. Around two-thirds of global GHG emissions are directly and indirectly linked to household consumption, with a global average of about 6 tCO2eq/cap. The average per capita carbon footprint of North America and Europe amount to 13.4 and 7.5 tCO2eq/cap, respectively, while that of Africa and the Middle East—to 1.7 tCO2eq/cap on average. Changes in consumption patterns to low-carbon alternatives therefore present a great and urgently required potential for emission reductions. In this paper, we synthesize emission mitigation potentials across the consumption domains of food, housing, transport and other consumption. Methods. We systematically screened 6990 records in the Web of Science Core Collections and Scopus. Searches were restricted to (1) reviews of lifecycle assessment studies and (2) multiregional input-output studies of household consumption, published after 2011 in English. We selected against pre-determined eligibility criteria and quantitatively synthesized findings from 53 studies in a meta-review. We identified 771 original options, which we summarized and presented in 61 consumption options with a positive mitigation potential. We used a fixed-effects model to explore the role of contextual factors (geographical, technical and socio-demographic factors) for the outcome variable (mitigation potential per capita) within consumption options. Results and discussion. We establish consumption options with a high mitigation potential measured in tons of CO2eq/capita/yr. For transport, the options with the highest mitigation potential include living car-free, shifting to a battery electric vehicle, and reducing flying by a long return flight with a median reduction potential of more than 1.7 tCO2eq/cap. In the context of food, the highest carbon savings come from dietary changes, particularly an adoption of vegan diet with an average and median mitigation potential of 0.9 and 0.8 tCO2eq/cap, respectively. Shifting to renewable electricity and refurbishment and renovation are the options with the highest mitigation potential in the housing domain, with medians at 1.6 and 0.9 tCO2eq/cap, respectively. We find that the top ten consumption options together yield an average mitigation potential of 9.2 tCO2eq/cap, indicating substantial contributions towards achieving the 1.5 °C–2 °C target, particularly in high-income context.
The occupation of cropland by global urban expansion from 1992 to 2016 and its implications
Authors: Huang Qingxu , Liu Ziwen , He Chunyang , Gou Siyuan , Bai Yansong , Wang Yihang , Shen Miaogen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Large-scale urban expansion worldwide has exerted great impacts on cropland and its net primary productivity (NPP), which can affect whether food security and sustainable development goals will be met at global and local scales. Although important, the impacts at the global scale over the last 25 years remain unclear. Based on the latest long-term dynamic urban expansion data, this study analyzed global urban expansion and its impacts on cropland NPP from 1992 to 2016 at multiple scales. The results showed that the expansion of urban land occupied a total of 159 170 km2 of cropland, accounting for 45.9% of the total expanded urban area. The cropland NPP decreased by 58.71 (56.52 ∼ 59.81, 95% confidence interval) TgC as a result of urban expansion, which represents approximately 0.42% (0.40% ∼ 0.43%) of the multiyear average of total cropland NPP from 2000 to 2015. If the cropland NPP losses were converted to the grain production (i.e. 1.44 × 107 tons), it is equivalent to the minimum annual food intake demands for at least 36 million people. More importantly, urban expansion is exacerbating the risk of food security in developing countries in Asia and Africa, such as China, Vietnam and Egypt. In the future, these countries should balance urban expansion with cropland protection by strictly restricting the occupation of cropland and encouraging smart urban growth.
Thermodynamic sensitivity analysis of CO2 reforming of methane based on equilibrium predictions
Authors: Abdulrasheed A A , Jalil A A , Siang T J , Hambali H U 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Thermodynamic sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the selectivity dry reforming of methane (DRM) with respect to other competing side reactions in terms of Gibbs energy minimization and equilibrium reactor compositions. Spontaneity of each reaction was evaluated by their corresponding changes in Gibbs energy as a function of reactor temperature from 100 – 1000 °C. At temperatures above 700 °C, all reactions considered with the exception of the Boudouard reaction are spontaneous due to their negative deltaG values. Equilibrium compositions were computed for 40 kmol of feed (CO2 + CH4) to determine its sensitivity to occurrence of reverse water-gas-shift (RWGS) reaction and changes in feed CO2/CH4 ratio. The presence of RWGS reaction results to higher reactant conversion accompanied by more severe carbon formation. The H2/CO ratio was however not affected by its occurrence. At CO2/CH4 feed ratio of 2, the product ratio was barely affected and at minimal carbon formation while CO2/CH4 ratio value of 0.5 produced a lot of carbon especially at high temperatures due to the prevalence of CH4 cracking. DRM is thus more preferable at temperatures above 700 °C, devoid of RWGS and high feed CH4.
Effect of transition metals (Mo, Mn and Co) on mesoporous ZSM-5 catalyst activity in carbon dioxide reforming of methane
Authors: Hambali H U , Jalil A A , Abdulrasheed A A , Siang T J , Fatah N A A , Rahman A F A , Aziz M A H , Hussain I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of transition metals (Mo, Mn and Co) on mesoporous ZSM-5 support in carbon dioxide reforming of methane reaction. The mesoporous ZSM-5 support was synthesized by micro emulsion technique and the metals were loaded by wet impregnation method. It was observed that ZSM-5 supported Co catalyst had higher surface area in comparison to other catalysts, which could favour well dispersion and wider utilization of active component. In addition, the ZSM-5 supported Co catalyst exhibited the highest methane and carbon dioxide conversions of 69 % and 65 % respectively at 850°C. The Co species were more active to decompose methane and carbon dioxide compared to Mo and Mn loaded catalysts. Hence, loading Co on mesoporous ZSM-5 produce an active catalyst in carbon dioxide reforming methane reaction.
Effect of ligand type on CO2 adsorption over amine functionalized fibrous adsorbents
Authors: Mohamad Noor Ashikin , Zubair Nur Afifah , Lotf Ebrahim Abouzari , Nasef Mohamed M. , Ahmad Arshad , Ali Roshafima Rasit , Abdullah TAT , Ting Teo Ming 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this study, ligands originated from glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and vinyl benzyl chloride (VBC) monomers were grafted onto fibrous polyethylene/polypropylene (PE/PP) substrate and the resulting grafted copolymers were functionalized with ethylenediamine (EDA). The changes in the chemical structure and crystallinity of the aminated adsorbents were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The PE/PP-g-PGMA-EDA adsorbent showed a CO2 adsorption capacity of 1.73 mmol/g from pure gas, which is 87% lower than that of PE/PP-g-PVBC-EDA (3.24 mmol/g) at 30 bars despite the higher density in the former adsorbent. The effect of temperature, selectivity and CO2 gas composition was further investigated for the PE/PP-g-PVBC-EDA adsorbent.
Facile Electrosynthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Mediated with Sodium Alginate for Paracetamol Degradation
Authors: Masudi A , Jusoh N. W. C , Liew P Y 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
High purity of Fe3O4 was prepared by electrochemical method in different concentration of sodium alginate (SA) as natural capping agent. The content of SA influenced the particle size and surface interaction to Fe3O4 as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The highest photocatalytic activity was obtained for Fe3O4 synthesized with 0.05% SA with initial concentration of 15 mg/L Paracetamol. This result contributed to electrochemical advancement to produce Fe3O4 with simple method.
Enhanced Proton Conductivity of Porous UHMWPE membrane with Graphene-based material for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Sha’rani S S , Jusoh N. W. C. , Abouzari-Lotf E , Ahmad A , Ali R R 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPorous membrane with enhanced proton conductivity is designed and prepared for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The membrane is composed of ultra height molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) grafted with poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) (PVBC) at different degrees of grafting (DOG). Subsequently, the membrane is functionalized with graphene oxide (UHMWPE-g-PVBGO) under ultrasonication. The functionalization of the GO on the porous substrates is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman analyses. UHMWPE-g-PVBGOmembranes exhibited ∼37% higher proton conductivity compared to pristine UHMWPE upon modification at 30 °C and 100% relative humidity (RH). In relation to the degree of grafting, a higher degree of grafting possessed higher proton conductivity value for the porous membrane.
Characterization of ozone production from multi-cylinder reactor in non-thermal plasma device using multivariable power least squares method
Authors: Tan L S , Lim M T , Tey W Y 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Other than usage for environmental remediation, ozone is also increasingly studied for its potential in combustion enhancement. In this study, the characterization of the ozone production at varied voltage, duty cycle and cylinder configuration for reactor was conducted using multivariable power least squares method (MPLSM). This alternative correlation method in the form of power function was applied in this study to determine the dominant factor affecting the ozone production using the multi-cylinder reactor. The regressed equation using MPLSM method indicated voltage as the dominant factor in the production of ozone compared to the effect of duty cycle. The correlations generated from MPLSM for both reactor configurations were able to predict most of the ozone concentration results within 25% deviation from the actual experimental data. As such, MPLSM could be considered as an alternative method to be used for correlations of non-polynomial results.
Pullulan mediated zinc oxide microparticles: Effect of synthesis temperature
Authors: Mohamed Isa E D , Che Jusoh N W , Hazan R , Shameli K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been gaining a lot of attention compared to the other semiconductor metal oxide. This is due to their favourable properties such as chemical stability, high electrochemical coupling coefficient, broad range of absorption radiation and high photostability. It also has wide band gap energy (3.37 eV), large exciton-binding energy (60 meV) and high thermal and mechanical stability at room temperature. Besides these desirable properties, the synthesis of ZnO has been widely studied as it is easy to synthesized and its properties such as band gap, shape and size can be controlled through synthesis parameters and methods. In this study, zinc oxide microparticles (ZnO-MCs) is produced with pullulan as mediator via precipitation method. The effect of synthesis temperature on the properties of synthesized ZnO-MCs were also studied. Based on the result obtained, all synthesized ZnO-MCs exhibited hexagonal wurtzite structure. As the synthesis temperature increases, the particles morphology changes from large spherical shape to flower-like morphology. Furthermore, the particle size also decreases with increasing temperature. This result is supported by surface area and pore analysis where the surface area ranging from 6.22 to 22.78 m2 g−1 was obtained as the synthesis temperature increases. All these results indicate that synthesis method and parameters will affect the properties of synthesized ZnO-MCs.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green Dye by Plant-mediated Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Sukri S N A M , Isa E D M , Shameli K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Photocatalytic activity of ZnO-NPs was tested by degradation of Malachite Green dye under UV light irradiation. The ZnO-NPs were biosynthesized using Punica granatum (pomegranate) fruit peels extract as the stabilizing agent. Simple sol-gel method and calcination in different temperatures (400, 500, 600 and 700°C) were carried out to obtain pure ZnO-NPs with high photocatalytic properties. In the degradation studies, 20 mg ZnO-NPs were used to degrade Malachite Green dye of 10 ppm initial concentration for a total period of 50 minutes in a 100 ml reaction volume. Results obtained shown that ZnO-NPs calcined in 700°C had the highest removal efficiency at about 99% in 40 minutes. This proves that biosynthesized ZnO-NPs have a high potential to be used as a photocatalyst to degrade textile dyes in a short time for wastewater treatments.