bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observer‐based controller for a class of Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy models with uncertainty
Authors: Han Hugang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAssuming all states are unavailable in a class of Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy models with uncertainty, this article consists of designs of observers and controllers. Unlike the traditional state observer that is usually designed for the whole state once and for all, this article partitions the whole state into two parts: one is independent of the input and the uncertainty, and the other is not. Following some unique matrix transformations, an observer of the former part is first developed, based on which observers of the latter part and the uncertainty are derived. Using the observers, a controller that guarantees an asymptotically stable closed‐loop control system is proposed. Moreover, in order to determine the relevant design parameters more simply, it makes clear that the separate property is held in this case. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nutrient loading and nonstationarity: The importance of differentiating the independent effects of tributary flow and nutrient concentration
Authors: Stow Craig A. , Liu Qianqian , Anderson Eric J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe “phosphorus loading concept,” or more generally the “nutrient loading concept,” arose from Richard Vollenweider's work in the 1960–1970s that showed correlations between phosphorus loads and various eutrophication symptoms. The initial success of target loads developed for the Great Lakes solidified the concept that nutrient loading causes eutrophication, and load targets have become common tools to reduce eutrophication. Using concepts from the field of causality, we offer additional context to the nutrient loading concept to show that the correlation between nutrient load and eutrophication is spurious; load and eutrophication have common drivers, tributary flow and tributary nutrient concentration, but load itself is not causal. Consequently, in‐lake conditions are not invariant to the same load delivered at differing flow‐concentration combinations. We then use a simulation model to evaluate the consequences of delivering the same load at various flow‐concentration combinations from the Maumee River into Lake Erie. We show that load reductions under increased tributary flows may cause in‐lake phosphorus concentration increases, potentially offsetting the anticipated effect of the load reduction. Thus, particularly under a scenario where climate change may cause systematic flow changes, it will be important to expand the nutrient loading concept to consider the independent effects of tributary flow and nutrient concentrations, to assess the effectiveness of nutrient reduction strategies.This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Science of Water > Water Quality
Inferring efficient operating rules in multireservoir water resource systems: A review
Authors: Macian‐Sorribes Hector , Pulido‐Velazquez Manuel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCoordinated and efficient operation of water resource systems becomes essential to deal with growing demands and uncertain resources in water‐stressed regions. System analysis models and tools help address the complexities of multireservoir systems when defining operating rules. This paper reviews the state of the art in developing operating rules for multireservoir water resource systems, focusing on efficient system operation. This review focuses on how optimal operating rules can be derived and represented. Advantages and drawbacks of each approach are discussed. Major approaches to derive optimal operating rules include direct optimization of reservoir operation, embedding conditional operating rules in simulation‐optimization frameworks, and inferring rules from optimization results. Suggestions on which approach to use depend on context. Parametrization–simulation–optimization or rule inference using heuristics are promising approaches. Increased forecasting capabilities will further benefit the use of model predictive control algorithms to improve system operation.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation
Engineering Water > Methods
Fatigue and extreme load reduction on two‐bladed wind turbines using the flexible hub connection
Authors: Luhmann Birger , Cheng Po Wen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe load reduction potential in regular operation and the design drivers of a flexible hub connection on two‐bladed turbines are presented in this paper. Developed for the two‐bladed Skywind 3.4 MW wind turbine, the flexible hub connection integrates an additional, multidirectional elasticity between the hub mount and the nacelle carrier to reduce the load transfer into the support structure. The stiffness and damping properties of the interface connection determine the load amplitudes of the system and influence the overall turbine dynamics. Consequently, the design relevant operating scenarios change due to a potential dynamic instability, resonance, or violation of deflection margins in comparison with a nonflexible hub connection. The system's capability to reduce fatigue and ultimate loads is assessed in several turbulent inflow conditions and transient operating states, while taking into account the operating limits of displacements. A permutation of the dynamic coupling parameters is conducted to characterize the sensitivity of load characteristics to the design variables. By identifying the critical operating conditions, it is possible to provide design guidelines for an effective optimization strategy.
A modular sewing kit for entanglement wedges
Authors: Czech Bartlomiej , de Boer Jan , Ge Dongsheng , Lamprou Lampros 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We relate the Riemann curvature of a holographic spacetime to an entangle- ment property of the dual CFT state: the Berry curvature of its modular Hamiltonians. The modular Berry connection encodes the relative bases of nearby CFT subregions while its bulk dual, restricted to the code subspace, relates the edge-mode frames of the cor- responding entanglement wedges. At leading order in 1/N and for sufficiently smooth HRRT surfaces, the modular Berry connection simply sews together the orthonormal co- ordinate systems covering neighborhoods of HRRT surfaces. This geometric perspective on entanglement is a promising new tool for connecting the dynamics of entanglement and gravitation.
Laparoscopic Major Hepatectomy: Do Not Underestimate the Impact of Specimen Extraction Site
Authors: Guilbaud Théophile , Feretti Carlotta , Holowko Waclaw , Garbarino Giovanni Maria , Marchese Ugo , Sarran Anthony , Beaussier Marc , Gayet Brice , Fuks David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn laparoscopic major hepatectomy, analysis of outcomes according to specimen extraction site remains poorly described. The aim was to compare postoperative outcomes according to specimen extraction site.MethodsFrom 2000 to 2017, all laparoscopic major hepatectomies were reviewed and postoperative outcomes were analyzed according to specimen extraction site: subcostal (Group 1), midline (Group 2), or suprapubic (Group 3) incision.ResultsAmong 163 patients, 15 (9.2%) belonged to Group 1, 49 (30.1%) in Group 2, and 99 (60.7%) in Group 3. The proportion of right‐sided, left‐sided, or central hepatectomies, mortality, and overall and severe complications were comparable between groups. Group 1 had larger tumors (61 vs. 38 vs. 47 mm; P = 0.014), higher operative time (338 vs. 282 vs. 260 min; P < 0.008), higher adjacent organ resection rate (46.6 vs. 16.3 vs. 7.1%; P < 0.001), and tended to increase pulmonary complications (40.0 vs. 12.2 vs. 18.2%; P = 0.064). In Group 2, a previous midline incision scar was more frequently used for specimen extraction site (65.3 vs. 26.6 and 30.3%, Group 1 and 3; P < 0.001). Postoperative incisional hernia was observed in 16.4% (n = 23) and was more frequent in Group 2 (26.6 vs. 6.6% and 10.1%, Group 1 and Group 3; P = 0.030). Finally, Group 2 (HR 2.63, 95% CI 1.41–3.53; P = 0.032) was the only independent predictive factor of postoperative incisional hernia.ConclusionsWhile using a previous incision makes sense, the increased risk of postoperative incisional hernia after midline incision promotes the suprapubic incision.
ISCEV extended protocol for the S-cone ERG
Authors: Perlman Ido , Kondo Mineo , Chelva Enid , Robson Anthony G. , Holder Graham E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standard for full-field electroretinography (ERG) describes a minimum procedure for testing generalized retinal function but encourages more extensive testing. This extended protocol describes a method of assessing the function of the short-wavelength-sensitive cone (S-cone) retinal pathway, using a short-wavelength flash superimposed on a background that saturates the rods and adapts the L/M-cones to elicit a response, known as the S-cone ERG. Stimulus parameters such as the strength and luminance of the flash and background, respectively, and their spectral and temporal characteristics are specified. As a complement to the ISCEV standard, testing the S-cone ERG enables further characterization of light-adapted retinal function and may refine diagnosis of some retinal disorders. Typical applications are described including use in the diagnosis of rod monochromacy and S-cone monochromacy, identification and investigation of cone On-bipolar cell dysfunction and use of the technique to confirm the diagnosis of enhanced S-cone syndrome.
Performance of a capnodynamic method estimating cardiac output during respiratory failure - before and after lung recruitment
Authors: Sigmundsson Thorir Svavar , Öhman Tomas , Hallbäck Magnus , Redondo Eider , Sipmann Fernando Suarez , Wallin Mats , Oldner Anders , Hällsjö-Sander Caroline , Björne Håkan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRespiratory failure may cause hemodynamic instability with strain on the right ventricle. The capnodynamic method continuously calculates cardiac output (CO) based on effective pulmonary blood flow (COEPBF) and could provide CO monitoring complementary to mechanical ventilation during surgery and intensive care. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the ability of a revised capnodynamic method, based on short expiratory holds (COEPBFexp), to estimate CO during acute respiratory failure (LI) with high shunt fractions before and after compliance-based lung recruitment. Ten pigs were submitted to lung lavage and subsequent ventilator-induced lung injury. COEPBFexp, without any shunt correction, was compared to a reference method for CO, an ultrasonic flow probe placed around the pulmonary artery trunk (COTS) at (1) baseline in healthy lungs with PEEP 5 cmH2O (HLP5), (2) LI with PEEP 5 cmH2O (LIP5) and (3) LI after lung recruitment and PEEP adjustment (LIPadj). CO changes were enforced during LIP5 and LIPadj to estimate trending. LI resulted in changes in shunt fraction from 0.1 (0.03) to 0.36 (0.1) and restored to 0.09 (0.04) after recruitment manoeuvre. Bias (levels of agreement) and percentage error between COEPBFexp and COTS changed from 0.5 (− 0.5 to 1.5) L/min and 30% at HLP5 to − 0.6 (− 2.3 to 1.1) L/min and 39% during LIP5 and finally 1.1 (− 0.3 to 2.5) L/min and 38% at LIPadj. Concordance during CO changes improved from 87 to 100% after lung recruitment and PEEP adjustment. COEPBFexp could possibly be used for continuous CO monitoring and trending in hemodynamically unstable patients with increased shunt and after recruitment manoeuvre.
First record of the endoparasitic isopod Portunion maenadis (Giard, 1886) (Epicaridea: Entoniscidae) in shore crabs in the Wadden Sea and a review of its distribution in Europe
Authors: Cornelius Annika , Waser Andreas M. , Buschbaum Christian , Thieltges David W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe knowledge on the distribution and abundance of marine parasites is still limited, even for those occurring on relatively well studied host species with high ecological importance. Here we report on the first record of the entoniscid Portunion maenadis (Giard, 1886) in European shore crabs (Carcinus maenas L., 1758) in the Wadden Sea and provide a quantitative review of the parasite’s distribution in Europe based on published literature and biodiversity database records. Our new record closes a distribution gap of P. maenadis between previous southern observations in Portugal and France and northern occurrences in Denmark and Sweden. The additional literature survey suggests that P. maenadis is not very common and only occurs at scattered localities with prevalence of infestations usually well below 10% in host crab populations. However, the 45% prevalence observed in our study in November 2018 in the southern Wadden Sea indicates that also higher prevalences can occur. As the adult parasites feed on their host’s hemolymph they are likely to have consequences for the host’s energy budgets. In addition, infestations lead to morphological changes in the form of feminisation of male crabs (i.e. broader pleon, slender claws, bulging carapace) which we observed in several individuals. With this new record and literature review, we hope to spark future research into the distribution of this intriguing parasite species as well as on the impacts of infestations on shore crab hosts.
Photocatalytic Activity of La-Containing Mixed- Metal Oxides Derived from Layered Double Hydroxides to Degrade Methylene Blue in the Presence of H2O2
Authors: Xu Minhong , Qian Mengxia , Pan Guoxiang , Guo Yuhua , Wu Tao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhotocatalytic degradation of polluted water by means of minerals, such as clays and oxides, which have surfaces that exhibit catalytic properties, has been suggested to be a useful new strategy to promote both organic and inorganic pollutant degradation. Nevertheless, much still remains to be studied about the capability of mixed metal oxides derived from lanthanum-containing layered double hydroxides to promote pollutant removal by means of photocatalytic degradation with the mineral surfaces. The objective of the present study was to investigate the synthesis of ternary MgAlLa mixed-metal oxides (MgAlLa-M) with various Mg/Al/La molar ratios through a hydrotalcite-like precursor route by co-precipitation of appropriate amounts of metal salts from homogeneous solution, followed by calcination at 600°C. The crystal structure, surface morphology, and optical properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Analysis by XRD showed that MgO, La2O3, MgAl2O4, and La10Al4O21 phases coexisted in calcined samples as MgAlLa-M. The samples showed a small band gap of 3.11–3.35 eV according to DRS. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated by degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. MgAlLa-M had better photocatalytic properties than hydrotalcite precursors, and the MgAlLa-0.5-M possessed the best photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of MB dye with MgAlLa-0.5-M under visible light irradiation for 1 h was 99.89% in the presence of H2O2, which exceeded the binary MgAl-M (84.06%) under the same conditions. The high photocatalytic activity of the sample was attributed to the addition of La(III). In addition, the possible mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of MB by MgAlLa-M was discussed. The results showed that •O2– plays a major role in the MgAlLa-0.5-M/H2O2 system.
Amyloid‐β oligomers suppress subunit‐specific glutamate receptor increase during LTP
Authors: Tanaka Hiromitsu , Sakaguchi Daiki , Hirano Tomoo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionAmyloid‐β oligomers (AβOs) are assumed to impair the ability of learning and memory by suppressing the induction of synaptic plasticity, such as long‐term potentiation (LTP) in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. However, the direct molecular mechanism of how AβOs affect excitatory synaptic plasticity remains to be elucidated.MethodsIn order to study the effects of AβOs on LTP‐associated changes of AMPA (alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid)‐type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) movement, we performed live‐cell imaging of fluorescently labeled AMPAR subunit GluA1 or GluA2 with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy.ResultsIncubation of cultured hippocampal neurons with AβOs for 1–2 days inhibited the increase in GluA1 number and GluA1 exocytosis frequency in both postsynaptic and extrasynaptic membranes during LTP. In contrast, AβOs did not inhibit the increase in GluA2 number or exocytosis frequency.DiscussionThese results suggest that AβOs primarily inhibit the increase in the number of GluA1 homomers and suppress hippocampal LTP expression.
The Re-making of Charles Rennie Mackintosh: A Study of the 1933 Memorial Exhibition
Authors: Dianat Alborz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article examines the posthumous interpretation of Charles Rennie Mackintosh as a pioneer of the Modern movement using the 1933 Mackintosh memorial exhibition as a case study. The exhibition, held at the McLellan Galleries, Glasgow, was a major event in the re-popularisation of Mackintosh following his death in 1928. Using archival material only recently made available, the article focuses on the actions of the architectural critic Philip Morton Shand, Britain's highly influential ambassador for the Modern movement in the interwar period. Shand identified Mackintosh as the sole link in a linear history of the movement leading back to its putative origins in Britain. Attempting to intervene in the exhibition, Shand clashed with its organiser, William Davidson — a close friend and patron of Mackintosh. The correspondence between Shand and Davidson reveals new aspects of the Mackintosh historiography in the development of the British Modern movement.
The Civic and the Sacred: Alvar Aalto's Churches and Parish Centres in Wolfsburg, 1960–68
Authors: Singler Sofia , Sternberg Maximilian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article considers Alvar Aalto's two church and parish centre projects in Wolfsburg in light of the architectural, political and sociocultural contexts that framed their design and construction in post-war Germany. The study interrogates how architect and parish came together to build the ecclesiastical complexes of Heilig-Geist (1960–62) and Stephanus (1963–68), and how the parties interacted and engaged with widely debated issues in church architecture and urban planning. Close analysis of the buildings and their design processes, based on site visits as well as the study of architectural drawings and models, shows that Heilig-Geist and Stephanus acquire sacred character primarily through the connections they establish between interior and exterior space. The dynamic between inside and outside relates the buildings to key ideas in contemporaneous church architectural theory concerning inward- and outward-looking church-building, part of the broader discourse on the relationship between the sacred and the profane.
The wealth→life history→innovation account of the Industrial Revolution is largely inconsistent with empirical time series data
Authors: Varnum Michael E. W. , Grossmann Igor 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Baumard proposes a model to explain the dramatic rise in innovation that occurred during the Industrial Revolution, whereby rising living standards led to slower life history strategies, which, in turn, fostered innovation. We test his model explicitly using time series data, finding limited support for these proposed linkages. Instead, we find evidence that rising living standards appear to have a time-lagged bidirectional relationship with increasing innovation.
The other angle of Maslow's pyramid: How scarce environments trigger low-opportunity-cost innovations
Authors: Boudesseul Jordane , Rubiños Cathy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Is it true that innovation occurs only in abundant environments? Baumard defends that increased standards of living are a necessary condition for a change in life history strategy to help understand the Industrial Revolution. Here, we argue that many examples of innovations occur in scarce environments when there is near-zero opportunity cost. We suggest potential psychological pathways to explain this dual-cognitive process.
Psychology and the economics of invention
Authors: Allen Robert C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Invention is an investment in which the costs of the Research and Development (R&D) project balance future returns. Those returns depend on objective factors like wage and capital costs but also on subjective factors because they are future projections. The more optimistic the inventor, the higher are the projected returns. Baumard uses Life History Theory (LHT) to relate optimism to the affluence of inventors and their societies.
Are both necessity and opportunity the mothers of innovations?
Authors: Greenbaum Gili , Fogarty Laurel , Colleran Heidi , Berger-Tal Oded , Kolodny Oren , Creanza Nicole 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Baumard's perspective asserts that “opportunity is the mother of innovation,” in contrast to the adage ascribing this role to necessity. Drawing on behavioral ecology and cognition, we propose that both extremes – affluence and scarcity – can drive innovation. We suggest that the types of innovations at these two extremes differ and that both rely on mechanisms operating on different time scales.
What motivated the Industrial Revolution: England's libertarian culture or affluenceper se?
Authors: Atran Scott 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhat impelled the Industrial Revolution's spectacular economic growth? Life History Theory, Baumard argues, explains how England's world-supreme affluence psychologically fostered innovation; moreover, wherever similar affluence abounds, a “civilizing process” bringing enlightenment and democracy is apt to evolve. Baumard insightfully analyzes a “constellation of affluence” but proffers somewhat whiggish history given England's prior and unique proto-capitalist culture of economic liberty and individualism.
Psychological origins of the Industrial Revolution: Why we need causal methods and historians
Authors: Haushofer Johannes 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Did affluence lead to psychological changes such as reduced discounting, and did these changes facilitate the innovation associated with the Industrial Revolution? I argue that claims of this sort are best made when they can be supported by causal evidence and good psychological measurement. When we have neither identifying variation nor adequate measures, the toolbox of psychologists is not useful.
Transport model for a transverse electron beam-pumped semiconductor laser
Authors: Wisniewski Denis Alexander , Prelas Mark 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA transport model for a transverse electron beam-pumped semiconductor laser has been developed. The model incorporates spatial dependencies of the power deposition from the beam as well as a three-dimensional model of the gain medium and the field intensity of the photons produced by stimulated emission in the oscillation cavity. This model accounts for spatial inhomogeneities and has been solved for a variety of pumping strengths. The model was developed so that it can be benchmarked with electron beam pumping. The dominant mechanisms for the production of electron–hole pair production within the semiconductor material is similar to the dominant mechanisms for the production of electron–hole production using ion beams. Thus, the model can be extended to fission fragment ion pumping of semiconductor lasers in order to model a nuclear-pumped laser/reactor system.