bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 23‐31 GHz gallium nitride high‐robustness low‐noise amplifier with 1.1‐dB noise figure and 28‐dBm saturation output power
Authors: Zheng Penghui , Zhang Shiyong , Xu Jianxing , Wang Rong , Tong Xiaodong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA 23 to 31 GHz low‐noise amplifier (LNA) based on 0.1‐μm gallium nitride (GaN) on silicon (Si) microwave monolithic integrated circuit process is presented in this work. Three‐stage cascade topology was used in the LNA design with chip area of 1.9 × 0.8 mm2. The measured linear gain is 22 to 27 dB with low input and output return loss. The noise figure (NF) was measured with cold source methodology, which is 0.93 to 1.36 dB across the working frequency band. The power characteristics were measured, which indicate that this LNA has 1‐dB compression point output power (P1dB) of 23 dBm and saturated output power (Psat) of 28 dBm. The measured output‐referred third‐order intercept point (OIP3) was at 34 dBm level, which indicates the high linearity of this LNA. To inspect the robustness, 30 dBm continuous wave input power was injected into the working LNA for 5 minutes, no obvious degradation was found after stress. Compared with the traditional gallium arsenide (GaAs) and indium phosphide (InP) LNA, GaN LNA reported in this work has comparable NF but much higher robustness. Moreover, this LNA has very high linearity, which increases the immunity to jamming signal, enables more complicated modulation mode and improves data throughput. As we know, there is no GaN LNA achieving such high P1dB and Psat with NF below 1.4 dB at this frequency band. This GaN LNA has a great potential in the applications of electronic war, anti‐electromagnetic interference and signal detection.
Effect of PMMA and PVA coating on the performance of optical microbottle resonator humidity sensors
Authors: Johari Md Ashadi Md , Pour Meisam Parsa , Al Noman Abdullah , Khudus Muhammad Imran Mustafa Abdul , Jali Mohd Hafiz Bin , Maslinda M. S. , Ali Ummu Umairah Mohd , Harun Sulaiman Wadi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article compares the performances of uncoated and coated optical microbottle resonators (MBR) for humidity sensing. A technique called “soften‐and‐compress” was used to form the MBR with midriff diameter of
D
b = 190 μm, stem diameter of
D
s = 125 μm and bottle length of
L
b = 182 μm. The MBRs were prepared in three different conditions, which are noncoated MBR, PMMA (poly methyl meth acrylate) coated MBR, and PVA (polyvinyl‐alcohol) coated MBR. The MBRs characteristic was investigated by employing a 2 μm tapered microfiber and tested for humidity sensing within a humidity range of 40% to 95%. The Q‐factor obtained were >104 for all MBRs. The performance as humidity sensor was defined by the sensitivity and linearity of MBRs, which were investigated based on wavelength shift and also the transmitted power. The MBRs are undergoing a 180‐seconds stability test at 65% RH humidity level. It is found that the PVA coated MBR performed better than other MBRs as a humidity sensor based on sensitivity, linearity, and stability measurements.
Dual polarized, slot coupled monostatic antenna with high isolation for 2.4 GHz full duplex applications
Authors: Nawaz Haq , Basit Muhammad A. , Shaukat Furqan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a compact, dual polarized, differentially fed monostatic slot coupled patch antenna with high isolation between transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) ports for 2.4GHz simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) or in‐band full duplex (IBFD) wireless applications. By using the proposed differential feeding for receive (Rx) mode operation through symmetrically placed feeds of radiating patch, the self‐interference (SI) is well canceled to demonstrate high Tx‐Rx interport isolation. The simulation and measurement results for presented IBFD antenna indicate very high levels of interport isolation achieved through differential feeding based self‐interference cancellation (SIC) mechanism. The implemented prototype (validation model) of proposed dual port, dual polarized, slot coupled antenna achieves more than 95 dB peak isolation and 90 dB isolation in 20 MHz bandwidth. Moreover, the achieved Tx‐Rx isolation is around 85 dB within antenna's 10 dB‐return loss impedance bandwidth of 45 MHz. To the best of our knowledge, these are the highest levels of interport RF isolation reported for dual polarized monostatic patch antenna.
Dual−/tri‐band bandpass filter using multimode rectangular SIW cavity
Authors: Yang Zeng , You Bin , Luo Guoqing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article presents the novel dual−/tri‐band bandpass filter (BPF) by using the multimode rectangular substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) structure. A dual‐band BPF is realized based on a single rectangular SIW structure by using perturbed metallized via‐holes. The perturbations, located at the center of the cavity, are used to shift the resonant frequencies of the TE101 and TE301 modes. This method leads that TE101 and TE201 modes constitute the first passband while TE301 and TE401 modes constitute the second passband. A tri‐band BPF is implemented by vertically coupling two single‐mode SIW cavities to the perturbed rectangular SIW. Due to the cross‐coupling of the high/low order modes, there are two transmission zeros (TZs), which improve the stopband rejection of the filters, in the upper band of each passband. A dual‐band BPF operating at 6.95GHz and 7.95GHz with four TZs and a tri‐band BPF operating at 6.5, 7.35, and 8.15 GHz with six TZs have been designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.
Extracellular pH mapping of liver cancer on a clinical 3T MRI scanner
Authors: Coman Daniel , Peters Dana C. , Walsh John J. , Savic Lynn J. , Huber Steffen , Sinusas Albert J. , Lin MingDe , Chapiro Julius , Constable R. Todd , Rothman Douglas L. , Duncan James S. , Hyder Fahmeed 
Published: November 2019

PurposeTo demonstrate feasibility of developing a noninvasive extracellular pH (pHe) mapping method on a clinical MRI scanner for molecular imaging of liver cancer.MethodsIn vivo pHe mapping has been demonstrated on preclinical scanners (e.g., 9.4T, 11.7T) with Biosensor Imaging of Redundant Deviation in Shifts (BIRDS), where the pHe readout by 3D chemical shift imaging (CSI) depends on hyperfine shifts emanating from paramagnetic macrocyclic chelates like TmDOTP5− which upon extravasation from blood resides in the extracellular space. We implemented BIRDS‐based pHe mapping on a clinical 3T Siemens scanner, where typically diamagnetic 1H signals are detected using millisecond‐long radiofrequency (RF) pulses, and 1H shifts span over ±10 ppm with long transverse (T2, 102 ms) and longitudinal (T1, 103 ms) relaxation times. We modified this 3D‐CSI method for ultra‐fast acquisition with microsecond‐long RF pulses, because even at 3T the paramagnetic 1H shifts of TmDOTP5− have millisecond‐long T2 and T1 and ultra‐wide chemical shifts (±200 ppm) as previously observed in ultra‐high magnetic fields.ResultsWe validated BIRDS‐based pH in vitro with a pH electrode. We measured pHe in a rabbit model for liver cancer using VX2 tumors, which are highly vascularized and hyperglycolytic. Compared to intratumoral pHe (6.8 ± 0.1; P < 10−9) and tumor's edge pHe (6.9 ± 0.1; P < 10−7), liver parenchyma pHe was significantly higher (7.2 ± 0.1). Tumor localization was confirmed with histopathological markers of necrosis (hematoxylin and eosin), glucose uptake (glucose transporter 1), and tissue acidosis (lysosome‐associated membrane protein 2).ConclusionThis work demonstrates feasibility and potential clinical translatability of high‐resolution pHe mapping to monitor tumor aggressiveness and therapeutic outcome, all to improve personalized cancer treatment planning.
How Small Can We Go? Evaluating Survival, Tag Retention, and Growth of Juvenile Chinook Salmon Implanted with a New Acoustic Microtag
Authors: Fischer Eric S. , Blackburn Shannon E. , Liss Stephanie A. , Hughes James S. , Li Huidong , Deng Zhiqun Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recently, an acoustic microtag, called the Eel–Lamprey Acoustic Tag (ELAT), was developed for use in juvenile American Eel Anguilla rostrata and Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus. The ELAT (12.0 × 2.0 mm; 0.088 g in air) has the potential to be used to study other small-bodied fishes. In this pilot study, juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha 52–99 mm fork length (FL) were surgically implanted with an ELAT (n = 99) or remained untagged (control; n = 101). Fish were held for 30 d to evaluate survival, tag retention, and growth. Survival did not differ significantly between control (n = 98 or 97.0%) and tagged fish (n = 95 or 95.9%). Logistic regression analysis suggested that survival was influenced by initial FL and tag burden. Mortalities only occurred in tagged fish with initial FLs of ≤65 mm (FL range = 57–65 mm; tag burdens = 3.8–5.9%). However, a tagged fish with an initial FL of 62 mm or an initial tag burden of 4.1% (FL range = 58–64 mm) was predicted to have a 90% chance of survival, and the smallest fish that survived the study was 54 mm FL (1.8 g; tag burden = 4.9%). Tag retention was high (99%), with only one fish expelling an ELAT during the study. Control fish grew slightly larger than the tagged individuals, but differences in final pooled FLs and weight gains were not significant. Our results demonstrate the successful surgical implantation of the ELAT into Chinook Salmon as small as 54 mm FL (1.8 g).
Vorticity in lower urinary tract can be assessed and associates with urinary tract morphology in men
Authors: Minagawa Tomonori , Tezuka Masato , Ogawa Teruyuki , Ishizuka Osamu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to develop a method to evaluate the fluid dynamics of urine flow in the lower urinary tract (LUT), especially that of vorticity.Materials and MethodsThis investigation included three sub‐studies to demonstrate urine flow in the entire LUT. First, we attempted to observe vorticity generation in the urinary bladder during spontaneous voiding using transabdominal color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS). Second, we performed transrectal CDUS to evaluate the vorticity of urine flow in the prostatic urethra. Patients with prostate cancer were enrolled before robotic surgery and divided into the vorticity and non‐vorticity groups based on CDUS findings for comparisons of longitudinal urethral diameter and prostatic urethral angle. Third, the vorticity of the voided urine stream was observed using a high‐speed video‐camera. Micturition was done in a standing position while synchronously monitored for urine flow using uroflowmetry.ResultsVorticity formation could be dynamically demonstrated in the urinary bladder and prostatic urethra using CDUS. The prostatic urethral angle of the vorticity group was more than that of the non‐vorticity group. High‐speed video recording could clearly capture vorticity and spiral shape generation in voided urine. The distance from the external urethral orifice to the first twist changed in accordance with urine flow rate.ConclusionsIn a series of sub‐studies, this investigation proved vorticity generation in the LUT and voided urine. Vorticity was detectable in the LUT and in voided urine using CDUS and a high‐speed video‐camera. Vorticity generation might be associated with urethral morphology.
Identifying men with global polyuria on a nocturnal‐only voiding diary
Authors: Monaghan Thomas F. , Rahman Syed N. , Bliwise Donald L. , Michelson Kyle P. , Agudelo Christina W. , Miller Connelly D. , Weinstein Corey S. , Olesen Tine K. , Lazar Jason M. , Everaert Karel , Verbalis Joseph G. , Weiss Jeffrey P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsNocturnal polyuria (NP) and global polyuria (GP) are not mutually exclusive. However, by rate, the common criteria for GP (40 mL/kg/24 hours [117 mL/kg/hour in a 70‐kg individual] or 3000 mL/24 hours [125 mL/h]) are more stringent than those for NP (90 mL/hour during the sleep period or NP index [NPi; nocturnal volume/24‐hour volume] > 0.33 [no minimum rate]). It remains unclear whether total nocturnal urine volume (NUV) may reliably delineate between NP patients with and without comorbid GP.MethodsA clinical database of men with lower urinary tract symptoms was searched for voiding diaries completed by patients reporting greater than or equal to 1 nocturnal void(s). Four separate analyses were performed using all combinations of the two NP and two GP criteria listed above. For each analysis, patients were included if they met the criteria for NP, and then stratified by presence or absence of GP (ie, NP + GP vs isolated NP).ResultsMedian NUV was greater among patients with NP + GP for all criteria combinations. Sensitivities greater than or equal to 80%/90%/100% for NP + GP were observed at 1275/1230/1085 mL for {NPi > 0.33 + 24‐hour volume > 3000 mL}; 1075/1035/1035 mL for {NPi > 0.33 + 24‐hour volume > 40 mL/kg}; 900/745/630 mL for {NUP > 90 mL/hour + 24‐hour volume > 3000 mL}; and 1074/1035/990 mL for {NUP > 90 mL/hour + 24‐hour volume > 40 mL/kg}.ConclusionsAn inordinate NUV among men with NP is fairly sensitive for comorbid GP. In the appropriate clinical setting, nocturnal‐only diaries may suffice in the evaluation and follow‐up of patients with NP, so long as outlying nocturnal volumes prompt a 24‐hour diary/urine collection.
Experiences, mental well‐being and community‐based care needs of fathers of late preterm infants: A mixed‐methods pilot study
Authors: Premji Shahirose Sadrudin , Reilly Sandra , Currie Genevieve , Dosani Aliyah , Oliver Lynnette May , Lodha Abhay K. , Young Marilyn , Hall Marc , Williamson Tyler 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsWe explore fathers' experience of caring for a late preterm infant including their stressors, needs and corresponding interventions proffered by public health nurses.DesignPilot mixed‐methods exploratory sequential design.MethodsWe collected (a) qualitative data from semi‐structured interviews (N = 5) and (b) quantitative data (N = 31) about fathers' levels of stress (Parenting Stress Index), anxiety (Speilberger State–Trait Anxiety) and depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) at 6–8 weeks after birth of their infant.ResultsFathers appreciated their infant was born ‘early’, however, discovered through experience the demands of their infant, which appeared as stress (child and parent domains) and anxiety. Themes: hypervigilance in care explained the fathers' sense of competency and role restriction; infant fatigue and parental feeding elucidated the stressful aspect of father–infant interaction. Unscientific advice from healthcare providers was confusing and frustrating while uncertainty of rehospitalization caused worries, fears or stress. One father experienced depressive symptoms.
High‐order discrete‐time orthogonal spline collocation methods for singularly perturbed 1D parabolic reaction–diffusion problems
Authors: Mishra Pankaj , Sharma Kapil K. , Pani Amiya K. , Fairweather Graeme 
Published: November 2019

AbstractQuasi‐optimal error estimates are derived for the continuous‐time orthogonal spline collocation (OSC) method and also two discrete‐time OSC methods for approximating the solution of 1D parabolic singularly perturbed reaction–diffusion problems. OSC with C1 splines of degree r ≥ 3 on a Shishkin mesh is employed for the spatial discretization while the Crank–Nicolson method and the BDF2 scheme are considered for the time‐stepping. The results of numerical experiments validate the theoretical analysis and also exhibit additional quasi‐optimal results, in particular, superconvergence phenomena.
Nudging Early Reduces Administrative Burden: Three Field Experiments to Improve Code Enforcement
Authors: Linos Elizabeth , Quan Lisa T. , Kirkman Elspeth 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the past decade, public sector organizations around the world have worked to simplify administrative processes as a way to improve user experience and compliance. Academic evidence on administrative burden supports this approach and there is a strong body of research showing that learning costs, compliance costs, and psychological costs help to explain why residents do not always take up programs for which they are eligible. This article considers the role of these types of costs in a different set of resident‐state interactions: compliance with regulations. We present the results of three large field experiments aimed at improving resident compliance with municipal housing codes using targeted behavioral interventions. We find that contacting property owners earlier, redesigning first notices, and proactively communicating with previous violators, can significantly improve compliance by 14.7 percent, 3.3 percent, and 9.2 percent, respectively, with costs savings ranging from 6 to 15 percent of a city's annual enforcement budget. Our results counterintuitively suggest that sometimes adding steps to an administrative process can reduce the costs associated with the resident‐state interaction.
Fabrication of polylactic acid/halloysite nanotube scaffolds by foam injection molding for tissue engineering
Authors: Eryildiz Meltem , Altan Mirigul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study presents the improvement of mechanical properties and cell viability of polylactic acid/halloysite nanotube (PLA/HNT) scaffolds that were fabricated by foam injection molding. In this regard, firstly PLA and HNT were compounded on a twin screw extruder by melt mixing method within the HNT loadings of 1, 3, 5 wt%. Then, neat PLA and PLA/HNT pellets were foam injected molded to obtain tensile test samples. The mechanical properties of the scaffolds were determined by tensile test and methyl‐thiazol‐tetrazolium technique was used for determination of cell viability. The results have shown that the scaffold with 3 wt% of HNT addition gave the highest mechanical strength among the fabricated scaffolds with 124.2% and 79.2% of increments in tensile strength and elongation, respectively. Also, 3 wt% of HNT demonstrated the highest cell viability among the obtained scaffolds due to its improved scaffold morphology.
Creating basis for introducing non‐invasive prenatal testing in the Estonian public health setting
Authors: Žilina Olga , Rekker Kadri , Kaplinski Lauris , Sauk Martin , Paluoja Priit , Teder Hindrek , Ustav Eva‐Liina , Tõnisson Neeme , Reimand Tiia , Ridnõi Konstantin , Palta Priit , Vermeesch Joris Robert , Krjutškov Kaarel , Kurg Ants , Salumets Andres 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to validate a whole‐genome sequencing‐based NIPT laboratory method and our recently developed NIPTmer aneuploidy detection software with the potential to integrate the pipeline into prenatal clinical care in Estonia.MethodIn total, 424 maternal blood samples were included. Analysis pipeline involved cell‐free DNA extraction, library preparation and massively parallel sequencing on Illumina platform. Aneuploidies were determined with NIPTmer software, which is based on counting pre‐defined per‐chromosome sets of unique k‐mers from sequencing raw data. SeqFF was implemented to estimate cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) fraction.ResultsNIPTmer identified correctly all samples of non‐mosaic trisomy 21 (T21, 15/15), T18 (9/9), T13 (4/4) and monosomy X (4/4) cases, with the 100% sensitivity. However, one mosaic T18 remained undetected. Six false‐positive (FP) results were observed (FP rate of 1.5%, 6/398), including three for T18 (specificity 99.3%) and three for T13 (specificity 99.3%). The level of cffDNA of <4% was estimated in eight samples, including one sample with T13 and T18. Despite low cffDNA level, these two samples were determined as aneuploid.ConclusionWe believe that the developed NIPT method can successfully be used as a universal primary screening test in combination with ultrasound scan for the first trimester fetal examination.
Predictors of adverse drug reactions associated with ribavirin in direct‐acting antiviral therapies for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Cursino Camille Nigri , Monteiro Priscilla Garcia de Oliveira , Duarte Gabriel da Silva , Vieira Tassita Bezz Quintanilha , Crisante Verônica de Carvalho , Giordani Fabíola , Xavier Analúcia Rampazzo , de Almeida Renan Moritz Varnier Rodrigues , Calil‐Elias Sabrina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo identify factors associated with the development of adverse drug reactions (ADR) in ribavirin therapeutic regimens.MethodsA multicenter, prospective study was conducted in three public health hospitals in Rio de Janeiro between November 2015 and March 2018. Inclusion criteria were defined by patient follow‐up at pharmaceutical consultation at the time of drug dispensing as those who used sofosbuvir in combination with simeprevir, daclatasvir, and/or ribavirin. All patients were invited to participate in the study during the first interview. Adverse drug reactions were reported according to the treatment regimen and frequency of occurrence. Statistical analysis was used to compare adverse reactions between treatments and their associated factors.ResultsA total of 405 patients were included in the study (mean age 59.6 ± 9.6 years); 61.0% were female, 88.1% were infected with genotype 1, and 65.4% were cirrhotic. The most prescribed treatment was the combination of sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and ribavirin (55.3%). The majority of patients reported at least one ADR during treatment (83.2%), of which fatigue, anemia, and headache were the most common. Being female (OR = 1.86, [1.08‐3.20]) and use of ribavirin (OR: 2.39; 95% CI [1.38‐4.13]) were predictors for the development of ADR, which was also associated with development of anemia (OR: 10.28; 95% CI: [5.78‐18.30]). Treatment efficacy was 98.1%.ConclusionsDirect‐acting antiviral has been shown to be safe and effective. Therefore, use of ribavirin is questionable due to associated adverse reactions and similar efficacy to other treatments.
Comparative Effectiveness of Taxane‐Containing Regimens for Treatment of HER2‐Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Network Meta‐analysis
Authors: Dong Lei , Zhu Li‐na , Xie Bao‐jie , Li Ji‐bin , Ding Tao , Jiang Yun‐fa , Zhu Zhong‐ning 
Published: November 2019

Study ObjectivesTo compare the effectiveness of different taxane‐containing regimens and to identify the best strategy for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC).DesignNetwork meta‐analysis of 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs).PatientsA total of 6577 patients with HER2‐negative MBC who received treatment (20 different regimens) with taxanes (paclitaxel [4267 patients] or docetaxel [2310 patients]).Measurements and Main ResultsThe PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched (through March 2019) for RCTs that evaluated any taxane‐containing regimens for the treatment of HER2‐negative MBC. A network meta‐analysis in a Bayesian framework was performed using the random‐effects model. We compared the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curve for each regimen. Overall, paclitaxel‐based combinations were superior to paclitaxel alone in objective response rate (ORR) (odds ratio 1.60, 95% credible interval [CrI] 1.15–2.16) and overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio 1.08, 95% CrI 1.01–1.15). Docetaxel‐based combinations were also superior to paclitaxel alone in ORR. Among the paclitaxel‐based regimens, based on the results of SUCRA, paclitaxel + bevacizumab + capecitabine was likely to be the most efficacious in improving ORR, OS, and progression‐free survival (PFS), whereas paclitaxel + gemcitabine was likely to be the most efficacious in 1‐year OS rate. Among the docetaxel‐based regimens, based on the results of SUCRA, docetaxel + gemcitabine was likely to be the most efficacious in improving PFS and OS.ConclusionThese findings demonstrated that paclitaxel‐based combinations can provide significant improvement in ORR and OS compared with paclitaxel alone. The regimens of paclitaxel + bevacizumab + capecitabine, docetaxel + gemcitabine, and paclitaxel + gemcitabine may be superior to other regimens for the treatment of HER2‐negative MBC.