bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronin 1A Expression in Human Astroglia, its Function in Physiology and Astrogliosis in HIV-1 Neuropathogenesis
Authors: Pandey Hriday Shanker , Kapoor Rishabh , Bindu  , Seth Pankaj 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In most neurodegenerative disorders, including neuroAIDS, reactive astroglia are detrimental to the neuronal population. Calcium and its downstream regulators play a central role in mediating glial activation. Coronin 1A, an acting binding protein, majorly reported in cells of hematopoietic origin, regulates cell activity in a calcium-dependent manner, but its role in astroglial physiology and astrogliosis is largely unknown. Using a well-characterized primary culture of human astroglia and neurons, we explored the roles of Coronin 1A in astroglia physiology and the mechanisms by which it facilitates reactive astrogliosis. In this study, we report for the first time, that human primary astroglia express Coronin 1A, and it plays activity-dependent roles in events such as PLCγ1 phosphorylation followed by Calcium mobilization from the intracellular stores. HIV-1 Tat, a potent neurotoxicant that induces astrogliosis, enhances the expression of Coronin 1A, apart from affecting GFAP and pro-inflammatory molecules. Downregulation of Coronin 1A ameliorated the HIV-1 Tat-induced deleterious effects of reactive astroglia, measured as enhanced GFAP expression and release of IL-6, and Glutamate and thus reduced glia-mediated neurodegeneration. Our findings also suggest that out of a pool of dysregulated miRNAs studied by us, hsa-miR-92b-5p regulates Coronin 1A expression which further facilitates reactive astrogliosis under the effect of HIV-1 Tat. These findings highlight the novel roles of Coronin 1A in regulating the astroglial physiology and astrogliosis observed in HIV-1 neuropathogenesis.
Molecular surveillance of pfcrt, pfmdr1 and K13-propeller mutations in Plasmodium falciparum isolates imported from Africa to China
Authors: Huang Fang , Yan He , Xue Jing-Bo , Cui Yan-Wen , Zhou Shui-Sen , Xia Zhi-Gui , Abeyasinghe Rabindra , Ringwald Pascal , Zhou Xiao-Nong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The emergence and spread of multidrug resistance pose a significant risk to malaria control and eradication goals in the world. There has been no indigenous malaria cases reported since 2017, and China is approaching malaria elimination by 2020. Therefore, it is urgent to monitor antimalarial drug resistance and track the emergence and spread of the imported drug resistant malaria cases in China.
Methods
Dried blood samples were obtained from P. falciparum infected cases who returned from Africa to China between 2012–2015 prior to antimalarial drug treatment. The known polymorphisms relating to drug resistance of pfcrt, pfmdr1 gene, and the propeller domain of the K13 gene were evaluated by nested PCR and sequencing. The GraphPad prism was used to plot the prevalence of each mutation. The chi-squared test and two-sided P value of < 0.05 were used to evaluate differences with statistical significance.
Results
A total of 731 P. falciparum isolates were successfully genotyped at the pfcrt locus. The wild type haplotype of C72V73M74N75K76 was the most prevalent genotype with the prevalence of 62.8% and 29.8% of the isolates showed the triple mutant haplotype C72V73I74E75T76. Total 434 P. falciparum isolates were successfully sequenced and pfmdr1 allelic variants were only observed in codons 86, 184, and 1246. Twelve haplotypes were identified and the prevalence of the wild type variant pfmdr1 N86Y184D1246 was 44.1%. The single mutant pfmdr1 in codons 86 and 184 was predominant but D1246Y was rare. The double mutant genotype Y86F184D1246 was common in Africa. A total of 1381 P. falciparum isolates from 33 African countries were sequenced of K13-propeller domain and 1357 were successfully sequenced. The prevalence of K13 mutations was 3.6% and 26 different mutant alleles including 22 nonsynonymous and four synonymous variants (C469C, R471R, G496G, and A627A) were observed. The A578S was the most common haplotype of K13. Three mutation associated with artimisinin resistance (M476I, R539T, and P553L) were observed in three isolates.
Conclusion
The prevalence of mutant pfcrt and pfmdr1 was low or moderate in P. falciparum isolates imported from Africa to China between 2012–2015. K13-propeller mutations were highly diverse but most mutations were only found in a few isolates. This study provides evidence for the antimalarial drug resistance level of the imported malaria cases from Africa and the efficacy of antimalarial drug policy in China to treat these imported cases.
LncRNA HAND2-AS1 Exerts Anti-Oncogenic Effects on Bladder Cancer via Restoration of RARB as A Sponge of microRNA-146
Authors: Shan Liping , Liu Wei , Zhan Yunhong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Growing evidence has shown that the association of long noncoding RNA/microRNA/mRNA is implicated in tumor initiation, development, and progression. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HAND2-AS1 exhibits anti-cancer effects in diverse cancers. However, the knowledge of HAND-AS1 in bladder cancer development remains unknown. Methods LncRNA and miRNA microarray were conducted to explore different expressed RNA in primary bladder cancer specimens. RNA-RNA interaction prediction tools miRcode (http://www.mircode.org/), DIANA-lncBase v2 (https://carolina.imis.athena-innovation.gr/diana_tools/web/index.php?r=lncbasev2%2Findex-experimental), DIANA-TarBase v.8 (https://carolina.imis.athena-innovation.gr/diana_tools/web/index.php?r=tarbasev8%2Findex) and miRDB (http://www.mirdb.org/) were employed to predict the interactions between RNA. Bladder cancer cell lines were used to perform cell proliferation and apoptosis assays. Western blot and quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction were used to determine the expression of protein and RNA, separately. Dual luciferase assay was conducted to determine the activity of 3’untranslational region of RARB. Furthermore, 5637 human bladder cancer mouse models were established to investigate the interactions of lncRNA: miRNA: mRNA in vivo.Results Based on the analysis of RT2 lncRNA PCR Arrays, we validated HAND2-AS1 declined in bladder cancer and correlated with the depth of invasion and grades negatively. Overexpression of HAND2-AS1 in human bladder cancer cells 5637 and RT4 hampered cell proliferation by provoking Caspase 3-triggered cell apoptosis. Besides, one of the HAND2-AS1 sponge, miR-146, upregulated in bladder cancer and targeted the tumor suppressor, retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB). We further demonstrated the HAND2-AS1: miR-146: RARB complex promoted Caspase 3-mediated apoptosis by suppressing COX-2 expression. Finally, results observed in mouse xenografts suggested that HAND2-AS1 diminished miR-146 expression, thereby reversing the suppression of miR-146 on RARB-mediated apoptosis and contributing to bladder cancer regression. Conclusion The present study shed light on the fact that lncRNA HAND2-AS1 exerted as a tumor suppressor by releasing RARB from miR-146, leading to inhibition of tumor proliferation and invasion. The findings expanded the knowledge of HAND2-AS-mediated regulatory networks, provided novel insights to improve the RARB-targeted regimens against bladder cancer.
Clinical and Prognostic Implications of an Immune-Related Risk Model Based on TP53 Status in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Song Xuming , Chen Qiang , Wang Jifan , Mao Qixing , Xia Wenjie , Xu Lin , Jiang Feng , Dong Gaochao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: TP53 mutation is the most widespread mutation in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), meanwhile p53 (encoded by TP53) has recently been implicated in immune responses. However, it is still unknown whether TP53 mutation may remodel tumor microenvironment to influence tumor progression and prognosis in LUAD.Methods: we developed a six-gene immune-related model (IRM) to predict the survival of patients with LUAD in TCGA cohort based on TP53 status using LASSO Cox analysis, which was also confirmed the predictive ability in two independent cohorts.Results: The mutation of TP53 led to a decrease in the immune response in LUAD. Further analysis revealed that patients in the high-index group had observably lower relative infiltration of memory B cells and regulatory T cells, together with significantly higher relative infiltration proportions neutrophils and resting memory CD4+ T cells. Additionally, the IRM index positively correlated with expression of critical immune checkpoint genes including PDCD1 (encoding PD-1) and CD274 (encoding PD-L1), which was validated in Nanjing cohort. Furthermore, the IRM index as an independent prognostic factor was used to establish a nomogram for clinical application.Conclusion: This immune-related model may serve as a powerful prognostic tool to further optimize immunotherapies for LUAD.
Identification the Roles of Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signatures in Patients with Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Lei , Yang Fugui , Wang Lingwei , Dong Lin , Huang Zhiyuan , Wang Guangxue , Chen Guohan , Li Qinchuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Ferroptosis is a recently recognized non-apoptotic cell death that is distinct from the apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis. Considerable studies have demonstrated ferroptosis is involved in the biological process of various cancers. However, the role of ferroptosis in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the ferroptosis-related genes (FRG) expression profiles and their prognostic values in EAC.Methods The FRG data and clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate and multivariate cox regressions were used to identify the prognostic FRG, and the predictive ROC model was established using the independent risk factors. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the bioinformatics functions of significantly different genes (SDG) of ferroptosis. Additionally, the correlations of ferroptosis and immune cells were assessed through the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Finally, significantly different genes were verified in our clinical EAC specimens and normal esophageal mucosal tissues.Results: Twenty-eight significantly different FRG were screened from 78 EAC and 9 normal tissues. GO and KEGG enrichments showed these SDG were mainly related to the iron-related pathways and metabolisms of ferroptosis. Gene network demonstrated the TP53, G6PD, NFE2L2 and PTGS2 were the hub genes in the biology of ferroptosis. Cox regression analyses demonstrated four FRG (CARS1, GCLM, GLS2 and EMC2) had prognostic values for overall survival (OS) (all P<0.001). ROC curves showed better efficacy to predict survival using the risk score (AUC=0.744). Immune cell enrichment analysis demonstrated that the types of immune cells and their expression levels in the high-risk group were significant different with those in the low-risk group (all P<0.05). The experimental results confirmed the ALOX5, NOX1 were upregulated and the MT1G was downregulated in the EAC tissues compared with the normal esophageal mucosal tissues (all P<0.05).Conclusions: We identified differently expressed ferroptosis-related genes that may involve in the process in EAC. These genes have significant values in predicting the patients’ OS and targeting ferroptosis may be an alternative for therapy. Further studies are necessary to verify these results of our study.
Adverse Effects of Cell Free and Concentrated Ascites Reinfusion Therapy (CART) for Malignant Ascites: A Single Institute Experience
Authors: Tsubokura Misato , Adegawa Yuko , Kojima Minoru , Tanosaki Ryuji , Otake Ryuzaburo , Kase Yuki , Iwashita Nao , Kasane Moemi , Nakabayashi Saori , Takeuchi Sayaka , Kato Ken , Boku Narikazu , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Okusaka Takuji , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Yonemori Kan , Ishiki Hiroto , Kawamura Kimihiko , Satomi Eriko , Matsushita Hiromichi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) is a strategy to improve hypoalbuminemia due to refractory ascites. CART has recently been applied in the treatment of cancer patients. This study was performed to assess the safety of CART in a single cancer institute.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 233 CART procedures that were performed for 132 cancer patients in our institute. Results: The median volume of ascites before and after concentration was 4,720 and 490 mL (median concentration rate, 10.0-fold), The median amounts of total protein and albumin were 64.0g and 32.6g (median recovery rates, 44.9% and 49.0%), respectively. Thirty-three adverse events (AEs) were observed in 22 (9.4%) of 233 procedures; 30 of these events occurred after reinfusion. The most common reinfusion-related AEs were fever (13 events) and chills (10 events). Univariate analyses revealed no significant relationships between the frequency of AEs and age, sex, appearance of ascites, volume of harvested and concentrated ascites, the ascites processing rate (filtration and concentration), volume of saline used for membrane cleaning, amount of calculated total protein for infusion, or prophylaxis against AEs; the reinfusion rate >100 mL/h affected the frequency of AEs, regardless of the prophylactic use of steroids. Conclusions: The observed AEs were mainly mild cytokine-related reactions after reinfusion, which were related to a reinfusion rate of >100 mL per hour. Although our study was retrospective in nature and undertaken in a single institute, this information may be helpful for the management of cancer patients with refractory malignant ascites using CART.
Pulmonary Metastases in Urogenital Cancers; Surgical Treatment and Outcomes
Authors: Ceylan Kenan Can , Batıhan Güntuğ , Kaya Seyda Ors 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Metastasis is remaining one of the major problems in cancer treatment. Like many other malignancies, urogenital tumors originating from kidney, prostate, testes, and bladder tend to metastasize to the lungs.The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the results of pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with primary urogenital tumors.Methods This study was approved by the local ethical committee. This study retrospectively analyses the patients who underwent lung resections for metastases in our department between 2002 and 2018. 22 out of 126 patients referred for pulmonary metastasectomy to our department had metastases from urogenital tumors.Demographic data and clinicopathological features were extracted from the medical records. Disease-free interval (DFI) was defined as the time between the first curative surgery and the detection of pulmonary metastasis. Results Among 22 patients who underwent lung metastasectomy consisted of 17 males and five females. Their metastasis originated from renal cell carcinoma (RCC; n = 9), bladder tumor (n = 7), testis tumors (n = 4), and prostate cancer (n = 2). There was no intraoperative complication. Postoperative complications were seen in 2 patients. Conclusions Although pulmonary metastases and its surgical management in various types of tumors is well known and documented, the data is limited to the role of the surgery for metastases of urogenital cancers on literature. Despite the limitations of this study, we aim to document our promising results of pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with primary urogenital tumors.Trial registration This study was approved by the local ethical committee (Registration number: 49109414-604.02 ; Date: 11/06/2019).
Analysing the Impact of Trade Agreements on National Food Environments: The Case of Vanuatu
Authors: Ravuvu Amerita , Lui Joe Pakoa , Bani Adolphe , Tavoa Anna Wells , Vuti Raymond , Tin Si Thu Win 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The liberalisation of international trade and foreign direct investment through trade agreements have been influential in the changing structure and nature of food systems. They have also contributed to the increased availability of foods associated with the nutrition transition globally. Despite the large body of literature on trade liberalisation and the ways in which trade agreements can affect food systems, the ways in which trade agreements can affect national food environments has been little studied. There is a need for more systematic and objective monitoring of the impacts of trade agreements to better understand its links and impacts on the influx of food imports high in fat, sugar and salt entering a country as this has direct impacts on the availability, nutritional quality and accessibility of foods in national food environments. Using the INFORMAS trade monitoring framework, a systematic analysis of Vanuatu’s membership to the WTO under the framework’s four domains was undertaken. Results: The baseline results presented in this paper suggest a strong association between Vanuatu’s trade liberalisation and the increased availability of the diverse range of imported products: fats and oils, meat and canned fish, processed dairy products, energy-dense beverages, and processed and packaged foods.Conclusions: The analysis presented in this paper suggest that Vanuatu’s commitments to WTO Agreements do play an important role in shaping their food environment by increasing both healthy and less healthy imports. For all Pacific Island countries, the systematic and objective monitoring of the impacts of these agreements on national food environments remains a significant challenge. There is also minimal data to inform the development of effective, coherent trade and health policy approaches to promote healthier food environments that can contribute to reducing the burden of obesity and related NCDs. Nevertheless, there is scope when developing trade policies and agreements to consider NCDs as part of broader social impact assessment studies. These can be used to identify potential modifications that can be made to trade policies and agreements. These modifications can regulate food environments and reduce the impact of NCDs or ensure that mitigating complementary actions are taken.
Genome-Wide Identification of Chitinase Genes in Thalassiosira Pseudonana and Analysis of Their Expression Under Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Cheng Haomiao , Shao Zhanru , Lu Chang , Duan Delin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The nitrogen-containing polysaccharide chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth and is found in the cell walls of diatoms, where it serves as a scaffold for biosilica deposition. Diatom chitin is an important source of carbon and nitrogen in the marine environment, but surprisingly little is known about basic chitinase metabolism in diatoms.Results: Here, we identify and fully characterize 24 chitinase genes from the model centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. We demonstrate that their expression is broadly upregulated under abiotic stresses, despite the fact that chitinase activity itself remains unchanged, and we discuss several explanations for this result. We also examine the potential transcriptional complexity of the intron-rich T. pseudonana chitinase genes and provide evidence for two separate tandem duplication events during their evolution.Conclusions: Given the many applications of chitin and chitin derivatives in suture production, wound healing, drug delivery, and other processes, new insight into diatom chitin metabolism has both theoretical and practical value.
Utility Of Angioembolization In Patients with Abdominal and Pelvic Traumatic Bleeding: Descriptive Observational Analysis From A Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Al-Thani Hassan , Abdelrahman Husham , Barah Ali , Asim Mohammad , El-Menyar Ayman 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Massive bleeding is a major preventable cause of early death in trauma. It often requires surgical or endovascular intervention. We aimed to describe the utilization of angioembolization in patients with abdominal and pelvic traumatic bleeding at a level 1 trauma center.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis for all trauma patients who underwent angioembolization post-traumatic bleeding between January 2012 and April 2018. Patients’s data and details of injuries, angiography procedures and outcomes were extracted from the Qatar national trauma registry.Results: A total of 175 trauma patients underwent angioembolization during the study period (103 for solid organ injury , 51 for pelvic injury and 21 for other injuries). The majority were young males. The main cause of injury was blunt trauma in 95.4% of patients. The most common indication of angioembolization was evident active bleeding on the initial CT scan (contrast pool or blushes). Blood transfusion was needed in two-third of patients. The hepatic injury cases had higher ISS, higher shock Index and more blood transfusion Absorbable particles (Gelfoam) was the most commonly used embolic material. The overall technical and clinical success rate was 93.7% and 95% respectively with low rebleeding and complication rates. The hospital and ICU length of stay were13 and 6 days respectively. The median injury to intervention time was 320 min while hospital arrival to intervention time was 274 min. The median follow-up time was 215 days. The overall cohort mortality was 15%. Conclusion: Angioembolization is an effective intervention to stop bleeding and support nonoperative management for both solid organ injuries and pelvic trauma. It has a high success rate with a careful selection and proper implementation.
Echocardiographic Parameters during Prolonged Targeted Temperature Management in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors to Predict Neurological Outcome
Authors: Jensen Thomas Hvid , Juhl-Olsen Peter , Nielsen Bent Roni Ranghøj , Heiberg Johan , Duez Christophe Henri Valdemar , Jeppesen Anni Nørgaard , Frederiksen Christian Alcaraz , Kirkegaard Hans , Grejs Anders Morten 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) indices of myocardial function among survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have been related to neurological outcome; however, results are inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate whether echocardiography indices of myocardial function predicts six-month neurological outcome in comatose OHCA survivors treated with targeted temperature management (TTM).Methods: We investigated the association between peak systolic velocity of the mitral plane (s’) and six-month neurological outcome in a population of 99 patients from a randomised controlled trial comparing TTM at 33±1°C for 24 hours (h) (n=47) vs. 48h (n=52) following OHCA (TTH48-trial). TTE was conducted at 24h, 48h, and 72h after reaching target temperature. The primary outcome was 180 days neurological outcome assessed by Cerebral Performance Category score (CPC180) and the primary TTE outcome measure was s’. Secondary outcome measures were left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), e’, E/e’ and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). Results: s’, LVEF, GLS, E/e’, and TAPSE recorded on serial TTEs following OHCA were neither associated with nor did they predict CPC180. Estimated median e’ at 48h following TTM was 5.74 cm/s (95%CI: 5.27-6.22) in patients with good outcome (CPC180 1-2) vs. 4.95 cm/s (95%CI: 4.37-5.54) in patients with poor outcome (CPC180 3-5) (p=0.04). Conclusions: s’ assessed on serial TTEs in comatose survivors of OHCA treated with TTM was not associated with CPC180. Our findings suggest that serial TTEs in the early post-resuscitation phase during TTM do not aid the prognostication of neurological outcome following OHCA.Trial registration: NCT02066753. Registered 14 February 2014 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02066753