bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projected spatial patterns in precipitation and air temperature for China's northwest region derived from high‐resolution regional climate models
Authors: Yin Zhenliang , Feng Qi , Yang Linshan , Deo Ravinesh C. , Adamowski Jan F. , Wen Xiaohu , Jia Bing , Si Jianhua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDerived from realistic global warming scenarios, long‐term projections of spatial patterns in precipitation and temperature in hydrology and climatology can serve to evaluate climate risk, explore sources of renewable energies and allow local‐scale data to inform decisions regarding agricultural, ecosystem, social, recreational and economic activities. Under the CORDEX‐EA project, the precipitation and temperature projections (2020–2045) for the economically and socially important region of Northwestern China were derived from high‐resolution regional climate model (RCM) simulations for RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, and compared against a historical period or baseline of 1980–2005. Drawing data from four key RCMs [Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF); Regional Spectral Model (RSM); Regional Climate Model version 4.0 (RegCM4); Mesoscale Model version 5 (MM5)], reliable local‐scale projections were generated by applying suitable bias correction that accords with the multivariate bias correction (MBC) approach. To validate this approach and then evaluate climate change impacts, the adjusted precipitation and temperature estimated from bias‐corrected models for the historical period were compared to the observed data. The results showed that the simulated spatiotemporal distribution of multiyear average precipitation and temperature appear to fit relatively well with the observations, however, the wet‐cold and dry‐warm climate‐related biases were still evident for the high altitude regions. Bias‐corrected future projections of RCMs indicated spatially averaged annual precipitation is expected to rise by about 23.6 and 35.3 mm under the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, respectively, while spatially averaged annual temperature is expected to rise by about 1.95 and 1.10°C. Precipitation is projected to increase in all seasons, albeit, more so in the cold season (i.e., boreal winter and spring) than the warm season (i.e., boreal summer and autumn). The annual increase is expected to be about 56.7% under the RCP 4.5 scenario, compared to 67.6% under the RCP 8.5 scenario. The changes of mean temperature in winter are expected to be significant, −37.8% under both RCP scenarios. For spring, the mean temperature will rise by 23.1% (28.9%) under the RCP 4.5 (8.5) scenario. A MBC approach was found to be effective in yielding reliable projected changes in precipitation and temperature variables. The proposed approach has important implications for climatological studies and evaluation of climate change impacts on localized regions, not only in China, but also in other similar areas of the world, where decisions for managing climate risk must be implemented by policy makers, government, industry and stakeholders.
Tip‐modified Raman tensor of a porphine molecule
Authors: Gazizov Almaz R. , Salakhov Myakzyum Kh. , Kharintsev Sergey S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt is well established that bringing a plasmonic tip into the proximity of a single molecule inevitably affects its state and vice versa. Due to the enhanced light–matter interaction, spectroscopic information on the molecule captured with tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) can noticeably differ on that coming from standard far‐field Raman spectroscopy. In this work, we develop a theoretical approach for calculating Raman tensors of a single oblate molecule that takes near‐field depolarization effects into account. Generally speaking, a tip‐dressed molecule exhibits the modified polarizability and, therefore, the Raman tensors. It is reported that the TERS technique can be used to reconstruct Raman tensors of vibration modes of anisotropic single molecules. The symmetric and antisymmetric modes of the molecules nearby a plasmonic tip are enhanced differently. In order to unravel the Raman tensors, two near‐field depolarization factors are necessarily introduced for the oblate molecule. As an example, we consider a free base porphine molecule as a test molecule to demonstrate the enhancement of intensities of Raman bands assigned to different symmetries. Also, we demonstrate an experimental way how to measure the depolarization factors using an ensemble of randomly oriented molecules. We believe that our finding will be beneficial to the interpretation of TERS measurements of single molecules.
Heterocyclic amines in braised chicken may mainly infiltrate from reused marinade during braising, instead of thermic generation
Authors: Cheng Yiqun , Yu Yajie , Zhou Xinghu , Zhu Zongshuai , Lei Yang , Khan Iftikhar Ali , Huang Ming , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSauce braised meat products are popular in Asia, although their complicated processing may lead to potential safety risks. Especially, how hazardous compounds are formed during their preparation is still unclear. In the present study, braised chicken breasts, which are a typical Chinese sauce braised meat product, were used to investigate the formation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) during heat treatment.RESULTSPrecursor content (creatine and reducing sugar), HCA level and temperature were measured in different parts of the chicken breast at each processing stage. The results obtained showed that the increasing trends of total HCA content in different parts of chicken breast were not the same. Only total HCA content in the skin (4.93 ± 0.80 ng g−1) increased significantly after deep‐frying. During braising, total HCA level in the skin was high (12.1–14.3 ng g−1) and relatively stable. However, total HCA content in pectoralis major muscle (3.90–7.40 ng g−1) and pectoralis minor muscle (1.44–5.31 ng g−1) was much lower than in the skin, and increased steadily with braising time.CONCLUSIONBraising is the main factor which affects HCA level in braised chicken. Combining the results of temperature and precursor content, a possible explanation for the large amount of HCAs in braised chicken is the gradual infiltration from reused marinade, instead of thermic generation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in oxalate composition and other nutritive traits in root tubers and shoots of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. [Lam.]) under water stress
Authors: Gouveia Carla SS , Ganança José FT , Lebot Vincent , Pinheiro de Carvalho Miguel ÂA 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe presence of insoluble calcium oxalate druse crystals (CaOx) in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) can negatively affect its nutritional quality. Photosynthesis, starch, and protein composition are linked with oxalate synthesis and tuber quality under water scarcity. Our main objective was the oxalate quantitation of sweet potato tubers and shoots and also to assess how drought changes their nutritional value. Eight sweet potato accessions from Madeira, the Canaries and Guinea‐Bissau were analyzed for their response to drought stress. Tubers and shoots were analyzed for total (T‐Ox), soluble (S‐Ox) and insoluble (CaOx) oxalates, protein, chlorophyll content index (CCI), soluble starch, starch swelling power, and starch solubility in water.RESULTSThe S‐Ox and CaOx content was higher in shoots. Six accessions were above maximum CaOx levels for raw consumption. Accessions with more favorable responses to drought had decreased CaOx with S‐Ox increase content for osmoregulation. They also presented slightly decreased CCI and protein contents. These accessions also had an increased shoot starch content, for further tuber storage starch hydrolysis, and maintained the quality and functional properties of the tuber starch grain. Those with a less favorable response to drought had a higher T‐Ox and CaOx content in both organs, hindering water absorption. They also had decreased protein and CCI, with a slight increase in tuber starch hydrolysis.CONCLUSIONOxalate content was significantly related to carbohydrate metabolism, CCI, and protein synthesis. This study significantly contributed to the screening of the sweet potato stress response to drought, to adapt this crop to climatic change through breeding programs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Provision of foot and ankle care services for people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease across Europe
Authors: Alcacer‐Pitarch Begonya , Backhouse Michael Ross , Gijon‐Nogeron Gabriel , Biscontini Devid , Bonafede Sofia , Ferreira Andre , Gatt Alfred , Lescure Yves , Nava Tiziana , Redmond Anthony C. ,   On behalf of the EULAR Foot & Ankle Study Group
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to explore the variation in the provision of care for people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), and foot and ankle problems between European healthcare systems.MethodsAn electronic questionnaire was developed and piloted in seven countries prior to being distributed to the presidents of all 22 national health professionals in rheumatology associations within the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR). Summary data were obtained using SPSS V22. Ethical approval was sought from the Medical Research Ethics Committee of University of Malaga (CEUMA‐91‐2015‐H).ResultsSixteen questionnaires (73% response rate) were completed (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK). All 16 respondents indicated that foot and ankle healthcare services were provided in their country, but only three countries had services specializing in RMD‐related foot and ankle problems (the Netherlands, the UK and Malta). The professions providing care varied, depending on the pathology and the country. Foot and ankle pain was mostly treated by rheumatologists and physiotherapists; foot and ankle deformities by orthopaedic surgeons and orthotist/prosthetists; and foot and ankle ulcers by nurses. Services were predominantly delivered through the public sector, and in secondary care (hospital) settings.ConclusionsOnly three countries reported having specialist foot and ankle services addressing the needs of people with RMDs. Variation was seen in the professions which provided care between countries, and also between the foot and ankle pathologies cared for. There is a lack of clinical pathways and guidelines for the management of patients with RMD‐related foot and ankle problems.
Diabetic pre‐programming of myelopoiesis impairs tissue repair
Authors: Jarajapu Yagna PR 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBone marrow‐derived monocyte–macrophages promote healing of injured tissue cooperatively with vasculogenic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. However, diabetes dysregulates hematopoiesis and attenuates bone marrow‐derived tissue‐reparative responses. In a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology, Barman et al extensively characterized myelopoietic responses in bone marrow following skin wounding in a type 2 model of diabetes. The study demonstrated that accumulation of monocyte–macrophages in the peripheral tissues is increased due to diabetic myelopoiesis that would oppose the reparative process following tissue injury. Interestingly, in this model, pathological myelopoiesis is independent of IL‐1β. The potential prophylactic and therapeutic implications of these data are discussed in terms of paracrine signaling, macrophage polarization, and hematopoietic stem cell mobilization/retention. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The MRI spectrum of congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Diogo Mariana C. , Glatter Sarah , Binder Julia , Kiss Herbert , Prayer Daniela 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an ubiquitous pathogen, with a high worldwide seroprevalence. When acquired in the prenatal period, congenital CMV (cCMV) is a major cause of neurodevelopmental sequelae and hearing loss. cCMV remains an underdiagnosed condition, with no systematic screening implemented in pregnancy or in the postnatal period. Therefore, imaging takes a prominent role in prenatal diagnosis of cCMV. With the prospect of new viable therapies, accurate and timely diagnosis becomes paramount, as well as identification of fetuses at risk for neurodevelopmental sequelae. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a complementary method to ultrasound (US) in fetal brain and body imaging. Anterior temporal lobe lesions are the most specific finding, and MRI is superior to US in their detection. Other findings such as ventriculomegaly, cortical malformations and calcifications, as well as hepatosplenomegaly, liver signal changes and abnormal effusions are unspecific. However, when seen in combination these should raise the suspicion of fetal infection, highlighting the need for a full fetal assessment. Still, some fetuses deemed normal on prenatal imaging are symptomatic at birth or develop delayed cCMV‐associated symptoms, leaving room for improvement of diagnostic tools. Advanced MR sequences may help in this field and in determining prognosis, but further studies are needed.
Double Brønsted Acidic Media Immobilized on Carbonized Sugarcane Bagasse (CSCB) as a New and Efficient Solid Acid Catalyst for the Synthesis of Coumarins, Dicoumarols and Xanthenes
Authors: Rostami Esmael , Hamidi Zare Samaneh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis work is the first report on use of carbonized sugarcane bagasse as a carbon bed for a double Brønsted acidic ionic liquid for the synthesis of a new functionalized solid acid catalyst. Immobilization of hydrogen sulfate was performed from the reaction of 3‐amino propyltriethoxysilane with carbonized bagasse and sulfonation of amine groups using sulfuric acid. Thus, ammonium hydrogen sulfate supported sugarcane bagasse (AHS@CSCB) was prepared. The catalyst (AHS@CSCB) was fully characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, TGA, FE‐SEM, elemental‐mapping and EDX techniques. Also, the surface acidity of catalyst was studied by Hammett function. Catalytic properties of the synthesized catalyst were examined in the synthesis of coumarins, dicoumarols and dibenzoxanthenes. All of the products were obtained with high yields in short reaction times and solvent‐free conditions and characterized with 1H and 13CNMR or previously reported products were examined by comparison with reported melting points. Some of the advantages of our method are simple preparation of catalyst and safe handling, very low cost of support and its abundance, high products yield, catalyst recyclability, solvent‐free and easy workup.
[Zn(L‐Pro)2] as a Simple and Efficient Catalyst: A Convenient Route for the Synthesis of Thia‐Michael Derivatives via Green Chemical Approach
Authors: Katla Ramesh , Katla Rakhi , da Silva Caren D. G. , dos Santos Beatriz F. , Branquinho Tábata A. , Ferro Criscieli T. B. , Domingues Nelson L. C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA simple and convenient route for the synthesis of thia‐Michael products was established using pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one with various thiophenols in the presence of [Zn(L‐Pro)2],an efficient catalyst under mild reaction conditions. The salient features of this methodology are good yields, eco‐friendly catalyst, low catalyst loading and faster reaction times.
A Short Review on Valorization of Slaughterhouse Wastes for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Sai Akhil Uppuganti , Alagumalai Avinash 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the waste animal fats are drawing attention as potential feedstocks for biodiesel production. The exploit of rendered waste animal fats as feedstocks could help to further decrease the price of biodiesel compared to other feedstocks. These fatty wastes can be transformed into ethyl or methyl esters by the esterification and/or transesterification process with the aid of different types of catalysts. In this outlook, an endeavor has been made in this work to describe the significance of fatty wastes of chicken, fish, beef, goat, sheep, pig and duck in the biodiesel production process. This study also extends to present the distinct techniques used by researchers to convert these fatty wastes into biodiesel.
Cranial morphology of a new phytosaur (Diapsida, Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India: implications for phytosaur phylogeny and biostratigraphy
Authors: Datta Debajit , Ray Sanghamitra , Bandyopadhyay Saswati 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDetailed description and phylogenetic assessment of a phytosaur skull collected from the Tiki Formation of the Rewa Gondwana Basin of India and earlier diagnosed asParasuchus hislopi, show that it pertains to a new genus and species,Volcanosuchus statisticae. The new taxon is characterized by marginal overlapping of the nostrils by the antorbital fenestrae, external nares situated on a bulbous and raised dome, the lateral surface of the jugal ornamented by a prominent ridge defined by multiple tubercles and radiating thread‐like structures, and distinct ornamentation patterns on the rostrum and skull table. Phylogenetic analysis nestsVolcanosuchuswithin Mystriosuchinae, where it forms a sister taxon to (Rutiodon + Leptosuchomorpha) and marks the transition between the basal Parasuchidae and more derived Mystriosuchinae phytosaurs. Evolution of the phytosaur skulls resulted in changes from non‐overlapping nostril and antorbital fenestra to an overlapping state, anteroposterior elongation of the exoccipital–supraoccipital shelf, appearance of a median ridge on the basioccipital, and reduction of the supratemporal fenestra. Considerable faunal overlap of the Tiki Formation is evident with the lower Maleri Formation, which is late Carnian based on the occurrence ofHyperodapedon,ParasuchusandExaeretodon. The Tiki Formation correlates with the Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina, the upper part of the Santa Maria Formation, and the overlying lower Caturrita Formation of Brazil, the Isalo II Beds of Madagascar, Lossiemouth Sandstone of Scotland, and the lower Tecovas Formation of the Chinle Group of North America, and ranges from late Carnian to early/middle Norian.
Wind power forecast using neural networks: Tuning with optimization techniques and error analysis
Authors: Nazaré Gonçalo , Castro Rui , Gabriel Filho Luís R.A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe increased integration of wind power into the power system implies many challenges to the network operators, mainly due to the hard to predict and variability of wind power generation. Thus, an accurate wind power forecast is imperative for systems operators, aiming at an efficient and economical wind power operation and integration into the power system. This work addresses the issue of forecasting short‐term wind speed and wind power for 1 hour ahead, combining artificial neural networks (ANNs) with optimization techniques on real historical wind speed and wind power data. Levenberg‐Marquardt (LM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used as training algorithms to update the weights and bias of the ANN applied to wind speed predictions. The forecasting performance produced by the proposed models are compared with each other, as well as with the benchmark persistence model. Test results show higher performance for ANN‐LM wind speed forecasting model, outperforming both ANN‐PSO and persistence. The application of ANN‐LM to wind power forecast revealed also a good performance, with an average improvement of 2.8% in relation to persistence. An innovative analysis of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) behaviour in time and in typical days is finally offered in the paper.
MeV neutrino dark matter: relic density, lepton flavour violation and electron recoil
Authors: Fiaschi Juri , Klasen Michael , Vargas Miguel , Weinheimer Christian , Zeinstra Sybrand 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Right-handed neutrinos with MeV to GeV mass are very promising candidates for dark matter (DM). Not only can they solve the missing satellite puzzle, the cusp-core problem of inner DM density profiles, and the too-big-to fail problem, i.e. that the unobserved satellites are too big to not have visible stars, but they can also account for the Standard Model (SM) neutrino masses at one loop. We perform a comprehensive study of the right-handed neutrino parameter space and impose the correct observed relic density and SM neutrino mass differences and mixings. We find that the DM masses are in agreement with bounds from big-bang nucleosynthesis, but that these constraints induce sizeable DM couplings to the charged SM leptons. We then point out that previously overlooked limits from current and future lepton flavour violation experiments such as MEG and SINDRUM heavily constrain the allowed parameter space. Since the DM is leptophilic, we also investigate electron recoil as a possible direct detection signal, in particular in the XENON1T experiment. We find that despite the large coupling and low backgrounds, the energy thresholds are still too high and the predicted cross sections too low due to the heavy charged mediator, whose mass is constrained by LEP limits.
Probing universalities in d > 2 CFTs: from black holes to shockwaves
Authors: Fitzpatrick A. Liam , Huang Kuo-Wei , Li Daliang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Gravitational shockwaves are insensitive to higher-curvature corrections in the action. Recent work found that the OPE coefficients of lowest-twist multi-stress-tensor operators, computed holographically in a planar black hole background, are insensitive as well. In this paper, we analyze the relation between these two limits. We explicitly evaluate the two-point function on a shockwave background to all orders in a large central charge expansion. In the geodesic limit, we find that the ANEC exponentiates in the multi-stress-tensor sector. To compare with the black hole limit, we obtain a recursion relation for the lowest-twist products of two stress tensors in a spherical black hole background, letting us efficiently compute their OPE coefficients and prove their insensitivity to higher curvature terms. After resumming the lowest-twist stress-tensors and analytically continuing their contributions to the Regge limit, we find a perfect agreement with the shockwave computation. We also discuss the role of double-trace operators, global degenerate states, and multi-stress-tensor conformal blocks. These holographic results suggest the existence of a larger universal structure in higher-dimensional CFTs.
Constraining higher order gravities with subregion duality
Authors: Cáceres Elena , Misobuchi Anderson Seigo , Pedraza Juan F. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In higher derivative theories, gravity can travel slower or faster than light. With this feature in mind, we revisit the construction of the causal and entanglement wedges in this type of theories, and argue that they must be constructed using the fastest mode instead of null rays. We show that the property of causal wedge inclusion, i.e., the fact that the causal wedge must be contained in the entanglement wedge, leads to more stringent constraints on the couplings than those imposed by hyperbolicity and boundary causality. Our results imply that the full power of subregion-subregion duality could lead to the same conclusions previously obtained based on high energy graviton scattering. We illustrate our findings with a systematic analysis in Gauss-Bonnet gravity.
Holographic cosmology from “dimensional reduction” of N = 4 SYM vs. AdS5× S5
Authors: Bernardo Heliudson , Nastase Horatiu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe propose a way to obtain holographic cosmology models for 3+1 dimensional cosmologies vs. 3 dimensional field theories from a “dimensional reduction” procedure, obtained by integrating over the time direction, of (modifed) standard holographic duals of 3+1 dimensional field theories. The example of a modified$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 SYM vs. AdS5× S5is presented, and in perturbation theory doesn’t match observations, though at strong coupling it might. But the proposed mechanism is more general, and it could in principle be applied to other top down holographic models.