bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loop diuretics in adult intensive care patients with fluid overload: A protocol for a systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta‐analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Wichmann Sine , Barbateskovic Marija , Lindschou Jane , Gluud Christian , Perner Anders , Bestle Morten H. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundIn the intensive care unit, fluid overload is frequent and a risk factor for organ dysfunction and increased mortality. Primarily, lung and kidney functions may be impaired by fluid overload resulting in acute respiratory failure and acute kidney injury. No clinical guidelines exist for treatment of fluid overload in intensive care patients. Loop diuretics, most often furosemide, appear to be the most frequently used pharmacological intervention. The aim of this protocol is to describe the methods of a systematic review assessing the evidence of treatment with loop diuretics in adult intensive care patients with fluid overload.MethodsWe will conduct a systematic review with meta‐analysis and report it according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) Statements, use the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook and assess the quality of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. We will include randomised clinical trials identified through searches of major international databases and trial registers. Two authors will independently screen and select trials for inclusion, extract data and assess the methodological quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Extracted data will be analysed using Review Manager and Trial Sequential Analysis. The protocol is registered at PROSPERO.DiscussionWe aim to provide reliable evidence on the use of loop diuretics in adult intensive care patients with fluid overload to guide clinicians, decision makers and trialists on clinical practice.
Heaviness of Alcohol Use, Alcohol Problems, and Subjective Intoxication Predict Discrepant Drinking Reports in Daily Life
Authors: Stevens Angela K. , Sokolovsky Alexander W. , Treloar Padovano Hayley , White Helene R. , Jackson Kristina M. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundSelf‐reported consumption is pervasive in alcohol research, though retrospective recall bias is a concern. Fine‐grained methods are designed to limit retrospection; yet, discrepancies can arise when comparing responses on fine‐grained surveys with responses to retrospective surveys across weeks or months. Many fine‐grained studies use both repeated daily surveys (RDS) and end‐of‐day (EOD) summaries, but little research has examined whether these survey types are consistent. The purpose of this study was to quantify the magnitude and directionality of discrepancy between EOD summaries and RDS and identify alcohol‐related predictors of discrepancy.MethodsAs a part of a larger study, college student alcohol and cannabis users (N = 341; 53% women; Mage = 19.79 years) were recruited to complete 56 days of data collection, including 5 daily assessments of their substance use and related constructs, one of which included an EOD summary of the previous day. Generalized linear mixed‐effects models were used to examine between‐ and within‐person predictors of a 5‐category, discrepancy outcome: no discrepancy, low discrepancy where RDS < EOD, low discrepancy where EOD < RDS, high discrepancy where RDS < EOD, and high discrepancy where EOD < RDS.ResultsDiscrepancies between EOD and RDS were observed in both directions. Alcohol problems predicted more alcohol consumption reported on the EOD survey than across RDS. Within‐person alcohol quantity and hourly rate of consumption were most strongly related to less alcohol consumption reported on the EOD survey. Between‐ and within‐person peak subjective intoxication and within‐person liquor consumption were associated with discrepancies in both directions.ConclusionsSurveys requiring more retrospection may overestimate alcohol consumption in problematic drinkers and underestimate consumption on days where more alcohol is consumed than typical. Evidence also suggests that greater day‐to‐day instability in alcohol behavior is linked to less consistent reporting overall. More research is needed to discern factors contributing to inconsistent reporting on fine‐grained surveys to maximize the validity of reports.
Between Will and Thought: Individualism and Social Responsiveness in Amazonian Child Rearing
Authors: Mezzenzana Francesca 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThis article provides an ethnographic account of how moral dispositions toward independence and social responsiveness are forged during infancy and toddlerhood among the Runa, an Indigenous people in the Ecuadorian Amazon. I show how two local concepts, munay (will) and yuyay (thought) shape children's early experiences of the self and the self in relation to others. In particular, I argue that, unlike middle‐class Anglo‐Americans who repute paternal responsiveness to be necessary for a “healthy” child development, Runa adults strategically chose not to respond to children's will in order to make them “thoughtful.” Such a state of thoughtfulness, I argue, emerges from socialization practices that stress a child's unique will while at the same time forcefully encouraging the development of social responsiveness. [child‐rearing, individuality, responsibility, attachment, indigenous Amazonia]
Programmed intermittent epidural bolus vs. patient‐controlled epidural analgesia for maintenance of labour analgesia: a two‐centre, double‐blind, randomised study†
Authors: Roofthooft E. , Barbé A. , Schildermans J. , Cromheecke S. , Devroe S. , Fieuws S. , Rex S. , Wong C. A. , Van de Velde M. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe programmed intermittent epidural bolus technique has shown superiority to continuous epidural infusion techniques, with or without patient‐controlled epidural analgesia for pain relief, reduced motor block and patient satisfaction. Many institutions still use patient‐controlled epidural analgesia without a background infusion, and a comparative study between programmed intermittent epidural bolus and patient‐controlled epidural analgesia without a background infusion has not yet been performed. We performed a randomised, two‐centre, double‐blind, controlled trial of these two techniques. The primary outcome was the incidence of breakthrough pain requiring a top‐up dose by an anaesthetist. Secondary outcomes included: motor block; pain scores; patient satisfaction; local anaesthetic consumption; and obstetric and neonatal outcomes. We recruited 130 nulliparous women who received initial spinal analgesia, and then epidural analgesia was initiated and maintained with either programmed intermittent epidural bolus or patient‐controlled epidural analgesia using ropivacaine 0.12% with sufentanil 0.75 µg·ml‐1. The programmed intermittent epidural bolus group had a programmed bolus of 10 ml every hour, with on‐demand patient‐controlled epidural analgesia boluses of 5 ml with a 20 min lockout, and the patient‐controlled epidural analgesia group had a 5 ml bolus with a 12 min lockout interval; the potential maximum volume per hour was the same in both groups. The patients in the programmed intermittent epidural bolus group had less frequent breakthrough pain compared with the patient‐controlled epidural analgesia group, 7 (10.9%) vs. 38 (62.3%; p < 0.0001), respectively. There was a significant difference in motor block (modified Bromage score ≤ 4) frequency between groups, programmed intermittent epidural bolus group 1 (1.6%) vs. patient‐controlled epidural analgesia group 8 (13.1%); p = 0.015. The programmed intermittent epidural bolus group had greater local anaesthetic consumption with fewer patient‐controlled epidural analgesia boluses. Patient satisfaction scores and obstetric or neonatal outcomes were not different between groups. In conclusion, we found that a programmed intermittent epidural bolus technique using 10 ml programmed boluses and 5 ml patient‐controlled epidural analgesia boluses was superior to a patient‐controlled epidural analgesia technique using 5 ml boluses and no background infusion.
High‐speed visualization of ingested, ejected, adherent, and disintegrated thrombus in contemporary ventricular assist devices
Authors: Rowlands Grant W. , Antaki James F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBiocompatibility of ventricular assist devices (VADs) has been steadily improving, yet the rate of neurological events remains unacceptably high. Recent speculation for elevated stroke rates centers on ingestion of thrombi originating upstream of the pump, such as in the ventricle or left atrial appendage. These thrombi may be ejected by the VAD or become deposited within the blood flow pathway, presenting serious complications to the patient. This study was performed to visualize and quantify the degree of disruption, adherence, and disintegration of thrombi that are ingested by the three most implanted VADs: the HeartMate II, HeartMate 3, and HVAD. Clot analogs of varying microstructure compositions (red, white) and sizes (0.5, 1, 2 cm3) were synthesized in vitro based on clinical explant data. These were introduced individually into an in vitro flow loop with a transparent replica of the HMII, HM3, and HVAD operated at nominal steady flow (2.3‐4.0 L/min). High‐speed videography (up to 10 000 fps) revealed the ingestion, disruption, ejection, and adherence of thrombus fragments. Thromboemboli of varying compositions and sizes were observed mechanically attaching to components in all 3 VAD models. In some instances, ingested thrombi physically obstructed portions of the blood flow path; 18% (3 of 17 total) of red thrombi adhered to the inflow straightener of the transparent HMII. In the HVAD model, fewer than 4% of clots were adherent or trapped within the pump, irrespective of microstructure or initial volume. In comparison, 100% (4 of 4 total) of 1‐cm3 white (fibrin) clots became lodged within the transparent HM3 while, in contrast, less than 5% of macerated red clots (3 of 63 total) of the same volume were adherent inside the pump. A significant proportion of ingested thrombi were macerated into infinitesimal fragments; 84% and 74% of 2‐cm3 red thrombi in the HVAD and HM3 models, respectively, were found to have disintegrated upon ingestion. However, large emboli were also discharged from both centrifugal VADs; these fragments, ranging from 0.01 to 0.29 cm3 regardless of microstructure and original volume, may be capable of occluding an intracranial vessel. Therefore, ingested thrombus may explain, in part, elevated stroke rates in contemporary blood pumps in the absence of adherent pump thrombosis.
Letter: off‐label use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in inflammatory bowel disease—Authors’ reply
Authors: Simsek Melek , de Boer Nanne K. H. 
Published: June 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Simsek et al and Lansdorp et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15229 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15775.
Rethinking parenthood within assisted reproductive technology: The need for regulation in Nigeria
Authors: Egbokhare Olohikhuae O. , Akintola Simisola O. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn Nigeria, reproduction is highly valued, with many people desiring to produce a child ‘in their own image and likeness’. Previously, aspiring parents often resorted to adoption. Today, the availability of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) has provided options other than adoption for those desiring to procreate. Through ARTs, aspirations for a family may be attained through an exchange of reproductive goods and services, and not necessarily through traditional heterosexual relationships. ARTs have altered the perception of parenthood as it exists in Nigeria, and courts face a difficult task in defining parenthood within Nigerian jurisprudence, as they can only adjudicate based on extant law. Although ARTs provide greater individual choices for fulfilling the desire to procreate, they raise a number of ethical and legal issues that evolving legal systems, such as that in Nigeria, are ill‐equipped to manage. This paper describes the traditional assignment of parenthood under indigenous laws and other sources of law within the Nigerian jurisprudence. We carried out an in‐depth study of the Nigerian legislative framework and found that there are no laws directly regulating parenthood, procreation and ARTs in Nigeria. We also found that the extant laws are only tangentially related and do not answer the relevant questions sufficiently well, especially concerning succession, nationality and assignment of responsibility in collaborative reproduction. We conclude by highlighting the need for and recommending a regulatory framework on ARTs with a particular focus on providing a definition for parenthood achieved through ARTs in Nigeria.
Detection of endophenotypes associated with neuropsychiatric deficiencies in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex using diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Hsieh Christine Chin‐jung , Lo Yu‐Chun , Li Ssu‐Ju , Lin Ting‐Chun , Chang Ching‐Wen , Chen Ting‐Chieh , Yang Shih‐Hung , Lee Yi‐Chao , Chen You‐Yin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare hereditary disease, which results from the mutation of either TSC1 or TSC2, and its clinical features include benign tumors and dysfunctions in numerous organs, including the brain. Many individuals with TSC manifest neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as learning impairments, cognitive deficits and anxiety. Current pharmacological treatment for TSC is the use of mTOR inhibitors. However, they are not effective in treating neuropsychiatric symptoms. We previously used curcumin, a diet‐derived mTOR inhibitor, which possesses both anti‐inflammatory and antiproliferative properties, to improve learning and memory deficits in Tsc2+/− mice. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides microstructural information in brain tissue and has been used to study the neuropathological changes in TSC. In this study, we confirmed that the impaired recognition memory and increased anxiety‐like behavior in Tsc2+/− mice can be reversed by curcumin treatment. Second, we found altered fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity in the anterior cingulate cortex and the hippocampus of the Tsc2+/− mice, which may indicate altered circuitry. Finally, the mTOR complex 1 hyperactivity was found in the cortex and hippocampus, coinciding with abnormal cortical myelination and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in the hippocampal CA1 of Tsc2+/− mice, both of which can be rescued with curcumin treatment. Overall, DTI is sensitive to the subtle alterations that cannot be detected by conventional imaging, suggesting that noninvasive DTI may be suitable for longitudinally monitoring the in vivo neuropathology associated with the neuropsychiatric symptoms in TSC, thereby facilitating future clinical trials of pharmacological treatments.
Supradetachment to rift basin transition recorded in continental to marine deposition; Paleogene Bandar Jissah Basin, NE Oman
Authors: Serck Christopher Sæbø , Braathen Alvar , Olaussen Snorre , Osmundsen Per Terje , Midtkandal Ivar , van Yperen Anna Elisabeth , Indrevær Kjetil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA transition from supradetachment to rift basin signature is recorded in the ~1,500 m thick succession of continental to shallow marine conglomerates, mixed carbonate‐siliciclastic shallow marine sediments and carbonate ramp deposits preserved in the Bandar Jissah Basin, located southeast of Muscat in the Sultanate of Oman. During deposition, isostatically‐driven uplift rotated the underlying Banurama Detachment and basin fill ~45° before both were cut by the steep Wadi Kabir Fault as the basin progressed to a rift‐style bathymetry that controlled sedimentary facies belts and growth packages. The upper Paleocene to lower Eocene Jafnayn Formation was deposited in a supradetachment basin controlled by the Banurama Detachment. Alluvial fan conglomerates sourced from the Semail Ophiolite and the Saih Hatat window overlie the ophiolitic substrate and display sedimentary transport directions parallel to tectonic transport in the Banurama Detachment. The continental strata grade into braidplain, mouth bar, shoreface and carbonate ramp deposits. Subsequent detachment‐related folding of the basin during deposition of the Eocene Rusayl and lower Seeb formations marks the early transition towards a rift‐style basin setting. The folding, which caused drainage diversion and is affiliated with sedimentary growth packages, coincided with uplift‐isostasy as the Banurama Detachment was abandoned and the steeper Marina, Yiti Beach and Wadi Kabir faults were activated. The upper Seeb Formation records the late transition to rift‐style basin phase, with fault‐controlled sedimentary growth packages and facies distributions. A predominance of carbonates over siliciclastic sediments resulted from increasing near‐fault accommodation, complemented by reduced sedimentary input from upland catchments. Hence, facies distributions in the Bandar Jissah Basin reflect the progression from detachment to rift‐style tectonics, adding to the understanding of post‐orogenic extensional basin systems.
Patient‐reported outcomes after 10‐year follow‐up of intensive, multifactorial treatment in individuals with screen‐detected type 2 diabetes: the ADDITION‐Europe trial
Authors: Dalsgaard E.‐M. , Sandbæk A. , Griffin S. J. , Rutten G. E. H. M. , Khunti K. , Davies M. J. , Irving G. J. , Vos R. C. , Webb D. R. , Wareham N. J. , Witte D. R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo present the longer‐term impact of multifactorial treatment of type 2 diabetes on self‐reported health status, diabetes‐specific quality of life, and diabetes treatment satisfaction at 10‐year follow up of the ADDITION‐Europe trial.MethodsThe ADDITION‐Europe trial enrolled 3057 individuals with screen‐detected type 2 diabetes from four centres [Denmark, the UK (Cambridge and Leicester) and the Netherlands], between 2001 and 2006. Participants were randomized at general practice level to intensive treatment or to routine care . The trial ended in 2009 and a 10‐year follow‐up was performed at the end of 2014. We measured self‐reported health status (36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey and EQ‐5D), diabetes‐specific quality of life (Audit of Diabetes‐Dependent Quality of Life questionnaire), and diabetes treatment satisfaction (Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire) at different time points during the study period. A mixed‐effects model was applied to estimate the effect of intensive treatment (intention‐to‐treat analyses) on patient‐reported outcome measures for each centre. Centre‐specific estimates were pooled using a fixed effects meta‐analysis.ResultsThere was no difference in patient‐reported outcome measures between the routine care and intensive treatment arms in this 10‐year follow‐up study [EQ‐5D: –0.01 (95% CI –0.03, 0.01); Physical Composite Score (36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey): –0.27 (95% CI –1.11, 0.57), Audit of Diabetes‐Dependent Quality of Life questionnaire: –0.01 (95% CI –0.11, 0.10); and Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire: –0.20 (95% CI –0.70, 0.29)].ConclusionsIntensive, multifactorial treatment of individuals with screen‐detected type 2 diabetes did not affect self‐reported health status, diabetes‐specific quality of life, or diabetes treatment satisfaction at 10‐year follow‐up compared to routine care.
Ortner’s syndrome due to large bilharzial pulmonary artery aneurysm
Authors: Abdelnabi Mahmoud , Eshak Nouran , Attia Ibrahim , Abdelkader Mahmoud , Saleh Yehia , Almaghraby Abdallah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOrtner's syndrome (cardiovocal syndrome) is a rare cause of unilateral vocal cord paralysis that results from compression of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve by enlarged vascular structures. Most commonly, it is caused by an enlarged left atrium, but other rare causes include ascending aortic aneurysm or pulmonary artery aneurysm. Although very rarely encountered nowadays, bilharziasis is still one of the main causes of pulmonary artery aneurysm in endemic areas. Hereby, we report a case of Ortner's syndrome due to a large pulmonary artery aneurysm in a woman with history of bilharziasis.
Automated quantification of mitral valve tenting volume in functional mitral regurgitation by three‐dimensional echocardiography
Authors: Hübscher Anne , Schwerg Marius , Hoffmann Saskia , Baldenhofer Gerd , Heupel Christian , Jasaityte Ruta , Kruck Sebastian , Stangl Karl , Dreger Henryk , Knebel Fabian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTenting of the mitral leaflets is a major pathophysiological factor contributing to functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). A novel software tool allows automated quantification of the tenting volume (TnV) by 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The aims of this study are to investigate the correlations of biometric patient characteristics with the TnV and whether a threshold value for the diagnosis of a moderate or severe FMR can be calculated for the TnV.MethodsThis explorative and hypothesis‐generating study analyzed the TnV of the mitral valve obtained by clinically indicated TEE. The mid‐systolic, threefold calculated and averaged TnV from 80 patients with no or mild FMR and 27 patients with moderate or severe FMR was determined using the TomTec 4D MV Assessment tool.ResultsThe TnV correlated significantly with the body size (r = 0.341), the weight (r = 0.272), and the body surface area (r = 0.320). After the adjustment to the body size, a threshold value of 1.25 cm3/m was determined for the TnV by using a receiver‐operating characteristic curve. This value distinguished moderate to severe from none to mild FMR with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 71%. The intra‐observer variability and inter‐observer variability were determined to be 0.96 and 0.85, respectively.ConclusionsAutomated assessment of TnV has the potential to support the diagnostic evaluation of FMR. Further studies are needed to validate this result, detect additional factors influencing the size of the TnV, and determine further thresholds for any degree of FMR.