bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributed infinite‐horizon optimal control of continuous‐time linear systems over network
Authors: Battilotti Stefano , Cacace Filippo , d'Angelo Massimiliano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article deals with the distributed infinite‐horizon linear‐quadratic‐Gaussian optimal control problem for continuous‐time systems over networks. In particular, the feedback controller is composed of local control stations, which receive some measurement data from the plant process and regulates a portion of the input signal. We provide a solution when the nodes have information on the structural data of the whole network but takes local actions, and also when only local information on the network are available to the nodes. The proposed solution is arbitrarily close to the optimal centralized one (in terms of cost index) when a design parameter is set sufficiently large. Numerical simulation validate the theoretical results.
Computer vision‐based tree trunk and branch identification and shaking points detection in Dense‐Foliage canopy for automated harvesting of apples
Authors: Zhang Xin , Karkee Manoj , Zhang Qin , Whiting Matthew D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFresh market apples are one of the high‐value crops in the United States. Washington alone has produced two‐thirds of the annual national production in the past 10 years. However, the availability of seasonal labor is increasingly uncertain. Shake‐and‐catch automated harvesting solutions have, therefore, become attractive for addressing this challenge. One of the significant challenges in applying this harvesting system is effectively positioning the end‐effector at appropriate excitation locations. A computer vision system was used for automatically identifying appropriate locations. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were utilized to identify the tree trunks and branches for supporting the automated excitation locations determination. Three CNN architectures were employed: Deeplab v3+ ResNet‐18, VGG‐16, and VGG‐19. Four pixel classes were predefined as branches, trunks, apples, and leaves to segment the canopies trained to simple, narrow, accessible, and productive tree architectures with varying foliage density. Results on Fuji cultivar showed that ResNet‐18 outperformed the VGGs in identifying branches and trunks based on all three evaluation measures: per‐class accuracy (PcA), intersection over union (IoU), and boundary‐F1 score (BFScore). ResNet‐18 achieved a PcA of 97%, IoU of 0.69, and BFScore of 0.89. The ResNet‐18 was further evaluated for its robustness with other test canopy images. When applied this method to one of the highest density cultivars of Scifresh, results showed it can achieve IoUs of 0.41 and 0.62 and BFScores of 0.71 and 0.86 for branches and trunks. Such identification result helped to get a 72% of auto‐determined shaking points being the “good” category identified by human experts.
Synthesis of Metal Nanostructures Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Green and Upscalable Process
Authors: Siril Prem Felix , Türk Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMetallic nanostructures have numerous applications as industrial catalysts and sensing platforms. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is a green medium for the scalable preparation of nanomaterials. Supercritical fluid reactive deposition (SFRD) and other allied techniques can be employed for the mass production of metal nanostructures for various applications. The present article reviews the recent reports on the scCO2‐assisted preparation of zero‐valent metal nanomaterials and their applications. A brief description of the science of pure supercritical fluids, especially CO2, and the basics of binary mixtures composed of scCO2and a low volatile substance, e.g., an organometallic precursor are presented. The benefits of using scCO2for preparing metal nanomaterials, especially as a green solvent, are also being highlighted. The experimental conditions that are useful for the tuning of particle properties are reviewed thoroughly. The range of modifications to the classical SFRD methods and the variety of metallic nanomaterials that can be synthesized are reviewed and presented. Finally, the broad ranges of applications that are reported for the metallic nanomaterials that are synthesized using scCO2are reviewed. A brief summary along with perspectives about future research directions is also presented.
Unraveling the Dissolution‐Mediated Reaction Mechanism of α‐MnO2 Cathodes for Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Sung Joo , Wu Daren , Sadique Nahian , Quilty Calvin D. , Wu Lijun , Marschilok Amy C. , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Takeuchi Esther S. , Zhu Yimei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAqueous Zn/α‐MnO2 batteries have attracted immense interest owing to their high energy density, low cost, and safety, making them desirable for future large‐scale energy application. Despite these merits, the comprehensive understanding of their reaction mechanism has been elusive due to the limitations of standard bulk characterization. Here, via transmission electron microscopy, the dissolution‐mediated reaction mechanism of a Zn/α‐MnO2 system is discovered and explored in full scope to involve reversible formation of Zn4SO4(OH)6·xH2O and “birnessite‐like” Zn‐MnOx phase upon cycling. Overall, α‐MnO2 acts primarily as a source for cell activation through dissolution and thus is not directly involved in the Zn redox chemistry. This microscopic study offers a unique knowledge on the unconventional reaction chemistry of Zn/α‐MnO2 batteries.
Protective effects of Saraca indica L. leaves extract (family Fabaceae) against gamma irradiation induced injury in the kidney of female albino rats
Authors: Mohamed Marwa Abd El Hameed , Mohammed Hala Sh. , Mostafa Shaimaa Ali , Ibrahim Magda Tohamy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work was designed to estimate the protective effect of Saraca indica L. leaves ethanolic exract against γ‐irradiation induced renal damage in rats. Phytochemical examinations of S. indica L. leaves extract resulted in the separation of three flavanone glycosides: Astilibin (1), Neoastilbin (2), and Eriodictyol‐7‐O‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranoside (3); two flavonols: Quercetin (4) and Quercetin‐3‐O‐α‐l‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1′′′‐6′′)‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (5) in addition of Gallic acid (6) and methyl gallate (7). Their structures elucidated by chemical evidences and spectroscopic analysis (1 and 2D‐NMR, ‐ESI‐MS, UV). Female rats were used and classified into: control, Ext (200 mg/kg body wt/day orally for 7 days), IRR (8Gy), Ext + IRR, and Sily+IRR groups (received silymarin 50 mg/kg b.wt orally as reference drug). Results showed that S. indica L. leaves extract ameliorated the kidney function tests, hs‐CRP, IL‐1β, ACE, TNF‐α, GSH, and MDA as well as, decreased the histopathological changes of kidney. In conclusion, S. indica L. leaves extract had a renoprotective activity against irradiation induced renal injury due to its flavononid contents.
Synthesis, crystal structures and vapor adsorption properties of mercury(II) coordination polymers derived from two dipyridylamide ligands
Authors: Chen Ya‐Ting , Ding Yan , He Shan‐Xian , Huang Chao , Chen Dong‐Mei , Zhu Bi‐Xue 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo complexes, [HgL1Cl2]n (1) and [Hg2(L2)2Cl4]n (2), have been synthesized and characterized from two dipyridylamide ligands (L1 and L2) with mercury(II) chloride, respectively. The two complexes exist as 1D coordination polymers but exhibit different architectures with slightly adjusted 3‐ and 4‐position of nitrogen atom in the pyridyl rings from the two ligands. In complex 1, the mercury(II) center is four‐coordinated with distorted tetrahedral geometry in 1D‐chain structures. In complex 2, the mercury(II) center is five‐coordinated with distorted square pyramidal geometry in the 1D‐looped structures. The thermal stabilities and vapor adsorption properties of the two complexes were investigated as well.
Liposome Formulations as Adjuvants for Vaccines
Authors: Rao Mangala , Peachman Kristina K. , Alving Carl R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDevelopment of liposome-based formulations as vaccine adjuvants has been intimately associated with, and dependent on, and informed by, a fundamental understanding of biochemical and biophysical properties of liposomes themselves. The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) has a fifty-year history of experience of basic research on liposomes; and development of liposomes as drug carriers; and development of liposomes as adjuvant formulations for vaccines. Uptake of liposomes by phagocytic cells in vitro has served as an excellent model for studying the intracellular trafficking patterns of liposomal antigen. Differential fluorescent labeling of proteins and liposomal lipids, together with the use of inhibitors, has enabled the visualization of physical locations of antigens, peptides, and lipids to elucidate mechanisms underlying the MHC class I and class II pathways in phagocytic APCs. Army Liposome Formulation (ALF) family of vaccine adjuvants, which have been developed and improved since 1986, and which range from nanosize to microsize, are currently being employed in phase 1 studies with different types of candidate vaccines.
Towards muon-electron scattering at NNLO
Authors: Carloni Calame Carlo M. , Chiesa Mauro , Hasan Syed Mehedi , Montagna Guido , Nicrosini Oreste , Piccinini Fulvio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The recently proposed MUonE experiment at CERN aims at providing a novel determination of the leading order hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment through the study of elastic muon-electron scattering at relatively small momentum transfer. The anticipated accuracy of the order of 10ppm demands for high-precision predictions, including all the relevant radiative corrections. The theoretical formulation for the fixed-order NNLO photonic radiative corrections is described and the impact of the numerical results obtained with the corresponding Monte Carlo code is discussed for typical event selections of the MUonE experiment. In particular, the gauge-invariant subsets of corrections due to electron radiation as well as to muon radiation are treated exactly. The two-loop contribution due to diagrams where at least two virtual photons connect the electron and muon lines is approximated taking inspiration from the classical Yennie-Frautschi-Suura approach. The calculation and its Monte Carlo implementation pave the way towards the realization of a simulation code incorporating the full set of NNLO corrections matched to multiple photon radiation, that will be ultimately needed for data analysis.
A scientific review of colorful textiles
Authors: Nicolai Suna , Tralau Tewes , Luch Andreas , Pirow Ralph 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTextiles, especially apparel, play an essential role in our daily life. Given that nearly everybody is in contact with clothes and other textiles 24 h a day, they have to be safe. Today’s manufacturing processes depend on the use of many different chemicals, including dyes. An ideal dye would stay within the fabric during use. However, most textile dyes are prone to leaching and wear-off. Ideally, the industry is trying to keep the respective release of dyestuffs as low as possible. Concomitantly, toxicological risk assessment has to evaluate whether the released amounts are safe based on the substance-inherent characteristics and expected levels of exposure. So far, assessments of the latter are mostly based on what little data is available. Although the use of worst-case scenarios makes systematic overestimation likely and thus warrants a sufficiently high level of consumer protection, existing data gaps should be filled in order to end this unsatisfactory situation. Hence, in a first step this paper compiles and analyzes available data on the migration of dyes from textile materials, dermal dye uptake, and possible reductive cleavage of azo dyes by the skin microbiome as well as the dermal uptake of the resulting cleavage products.
High pressure and thermal processing on the quality of zucchini slices
Authors: Paciulli Maria , Ganino Tommaso , Meza Ilce Gabriela Medina , Rinaldi Massimiliano , Rodolfi Margherita , Morbarigazzi Michele , Chiavaro Emma 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn response to the market demand for low processed vegetables, high-pressure treatments (400,600 MPa; 1,5 min) were applied on zucchini slices and compared to a traditional blanching treatment. Histological observations, texture and color analysis, pectinmethylesterase (PME) and antioxidant (DPPH) activities were measured and compared to untreated samples. The histological observations revealed that the longer high-pressure treatments (5 min) led to more extended cell lysis and dehydration than the shorter ones (1 min) and blanching. High-pressure treatments resulted less effective than blanching on PME inactivation, with the best results obtained at 400 MPa for 1 min. Comparable texture parameters were observed for high-pressured and blanched samples. The negative correlation found between PME activity and the texture parameter ‘distance of the first peak force’ revealed an effect of PME on the texture recovery after treatments. High pressure led to a general browning of zucchini parenchyma and to DPPH drop. The correlations found between DPPH and color suggest the common nature of the phenomena. The influence of pressure and time on the studied parameters was revealed by two-way ANOVA. Principal component analysis clustered together the four high-pressure-treated samples, being clearly divided by blanched and untreated ones.
Prospective and longitudinal evolution of postoperative periprosthetic findings on metal artifact–reduced MR imaging in asymptomatic patients after uncemented total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Germann Christoph , Filli Lukas , Jungmann Pia M. , Graf Dimitri N. , Fritz Jan , Pfirrmann Christian W. A. , Sutter Reto 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
To prospectively assess the evolution of postoperative MRI findings in asymptomatic patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA) over 24 months (mo).

Methods
This prospective cohort study included 9 asymptomatic patients (56.7 ± 15.0 years) after THA. Metal artifact–reduced 1.5-T MRI was performed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo after surgery. The femoral stem and acetabular cup were assessed by two readers for bone marrow edema (BME), periprosthetic bone resorption, and periosteal edema in addition to periarticular soft tissue edema and joint effusion.

Results
BME was common around the femoral stem in all Gruen zones after 3 mo (range: 50–100%) and 6 mo (range: 33–100%) and in the acetabulum in DeLee and Charnley zone II after 3 mo (100%) and 6 mo (33%). BME decreased substantially after 12 mo (range: 0–78%) and 24 mo (range: 0–50%), may however persist in particular in Gruen zones 1 + 7. Periosteal edema along the stem was common 3 mo postoperatively (range: 63–75%) and rare after 24 mo: 13% only in Gruen zones 2 and 5. Twelve months and 24 mo postoperatively, periprosthetic bone resorption was occasionally present around the femoral stem (range: 11–33% and 13–38%, respectively). Soft tissue edema occurred exclusively along the surgical access route after 3 mo (100%) and 6 mo (89%) and never at 12 mo or 24 mo (0%).

Conclusion
Around the femoral stem, BME (33–100%) and periosteal edema (0–75%) are common until 6 mo after THA, decreasing substantially in the following period, may however persist up to 24 mo (BME: 0–50%; periosteal edema: 0–13%) in few non-adjoining Gruen zones. Soft tissue edema along the surgical access route should have disappeared 12 mo after surgery.
Interactions between anti-EGFR therapies and cytotoxic chemotherapy in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: why clinical trials might have failed and how they could succeed
Authors: Meemanage Madusha , Spender Lindsay C. , Collinson Diane , Iannetta Joanna , Challapalli Pranavi , Turbitt Julie , Clark Caroline , Baxter Mark , Murray Graeme , Walsh Shaun , Miedzybrodzka Zofia , Petty Russell D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a poor prognosis. Advanced tumours are treated with fluoropyrimidine/platinum chemotherapy followed by irinotecan or taxane monotherapy, but resistance is common and new treatments are needed. Approximately 20% of ESCCs carry copy number gain (CNG) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. Previous trials show that while anti-EGFR monotherapy benefits biomarker-selected patients with EGFR CNG and/or high EGFR expression, combining anti-EGFR therapies with platinum fluoropyrimidine chemotherapies is not effective, and uncertainty remains regarding the optimal cytotoxic chemotherapy partner for anti-EGFR therapies in ESCC.

Methods
The effects of EGFR CNG on fluoropyrimidine/platinum chemotherapy sensitivity in a cohort of gastroesophageal cancer patients (n = 302) was evaluated. Drug combination studies using the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib with cytotoxic chemotherapies, docetaxel, cisplatin, oxaliplatin and irinotecan, on cell proliferation and cell death of EGFR CNG ESCC cell lines were assessed.

Results
EGFR CNG in gastroesophageal cancer patients was associated with improved overall survival following fluoropyrimidine/platinum chemotherapy. However, co-administration of gefitinib and oxaliplatin or cisplatin was frequently antagonistic in cell-based assays in EGFR CNG ESCC, whereas the combination of gefitinib with docetaxel or irinotecan was more efficacious. Co-administration of gefitinib/docetaxel and sequential administration of docetaxel before gefitinib showed synergy, but docetaxel given after gefitinib was antagonistic.

Conclusion
Gefitinib/platinum co-administration demonstrated antagonism suggesting a possible explanation for the lack of benefit from addition of anti-EGFR therapies to fluoropyrimidine/platinum chemotherapy in trials. Gefitinib/docetaxel co-administration demonstrated synergy suggesting taxanes could be the most effective cytotoxic partner for anti-EGFR therapies in EGFR CNG-positive ESCC, but careful consideration of drug scheduling is required.
Non-contrast computed tomography characteristics in a large cohort of cystinuria patients
Authors: Warren Hannah , Poon Daniel , Srinivasan Rohit , Thomas Kerushan , Rottenberg Giles , Bultitude Matthew , Thomas Kay 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Cystine stones are widely considered hard and difficult to treat. Hounsfield Units (HU) are used in other stone types to estimate ‘hardness’ and treatments based on that finding. Our objective was to report mean HU of cystine stones in vivo in a large case series of cystinuria patients and assess for differences in genotype.

Methods
A prospective case series of cystinuria patients referred to a specialist centre was analysed. CT imaging was assessed by two independent radiologists to determine in vivo attenuation of cystine calculi. Mean HU was compared for both cystinuria genes (SLC3A1 and SLC7A9) using an independent t-test.

Results
164 adult cystinuric patients were identified (55% male), median age 43 years (range 18–80). Median follow up was 31 months (IQR 10–62). Genetic data available for 153/164 (93%) demonstrated 97 SLC3A1 (63%) and 55 (36%) SLC7A9 mutations (39 homozygous, 16 heterozygous) and one heterozygous for both SLC3A1/SLC7A9. 107 patients had CT images available demonstrating calculi. Median HU across the cohort was 633 (5th to 95th centile 328–780). There was no difference in mean HU between SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 genotypes (p = 0.68) or homo and heterozygous SLC7A9 (p = 0.70). Mean HU correlated with stone size (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.51, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In this large single centre cystinuria cohort, mean HU was low for stones that are difficult to treat. Calculi of < 800 HU should prompt consideration of a cystinuria diagnosis. Attenuation was not associated with genotype, and distinct ‘smooth’ and ‘rough’ stones were not observed. Calculi with HU > 1000 are unlikely pure cystine, and in a known cystinuric would suggest conversion to another stone type.
Assessing mean climate change signals in the global CORDEX-CORE ensemble
Authors: Teichmann Claas , Jacob Daniela , Remedio Armelle Reca , Remke Thomas , Buntemeyer Lars , Hoffmann Peter , Kriegsmann Arne , Lierhammer Ludwig , Bülow Katharina , Weber Torsten , Sieck Kevin , Rechid Diana , Langendijk Gaby S. , Coppola Erika , Giorgi Filippo , Ciarlo` James M. , Raffaele Francesca , Giuliani Graziano , Xuejie Gao , Sines Taleena Rae , Torres-Alavez Jose Abraham , Das Sushant , Di Sante Fabio , Pichelli Emanuela , Glazer Russel , Ashfaq Moetasim , Bukovsky Melissa , Im Eun-Soon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe new Coordinated Output for Regional Evaluations (CORDEX-CORE) ensemble provides high-resolution, consistent regional climate change projections for the major inhabited areas of the world. It serves as a solid scientific basis for further research related to vulnerability, impact, adaptation and climate services in addition to existing CORDEX simulations. The aim of this study is to investigate and document the climate change information provided by the CORDEX-CORE simulation ensemble, as a part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) CORDEX community. An overview of the annual and monthly mean climate change information in selected regions in different CORDEX domains is presented for temperature and precipitation, providing the foundation for detailed follow-up studies and applications. Initially, two regional climate models (RCMs), REMO and RegCM were used to downscale global climate model output. The driving simulations by AR5 global climate models (AR5-GCMs) were selected to cover the spread of high, medium, and low equilibrium climate sensitivity at a global scale. The CORDEX-CORE ensemble has doubled the spatial resolution compared to the previously existing CORDEX simulations in most of the regions (25$$\,\mathrm {km}$$

km

(0.22$$^{\circ }$$

∘

) versus 50$$\,\mathrm {km}$$

km

(0.44$$^{\circ }$$

∘

)) leading to a potentially improved representation of, e.g., physical processes in the RCMs. The analysis focuses on changes in the IPCC physical climate reference regions. The results show a general reasonable representation of the spread of the temperature and precipitation climate change signals of the AR5-GCMs by the CORDEX-CORE simulations in the investigated regions in all CORDEX domains by mostly covering the AR5 interquartile range of climate change signals. The simulated CORDEX-CORE monthly climate change signals mostly follow the AR5-GCMs, although for specific regions they show a different change in the course of the year compared to the AR5-GCMs, especially for RCP8.5, which needs to be investigated further in region specific process studies.