bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Fin Regeneration of Age-0 Northern Pike and Implications of Fin Clips as a Marking Protocol
Authors: Leblanc John Paul , Conklyn Anna , Farrell John M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To better understand the reliability of fin clipping as an external mark for early-summer (&lt;100 mm TL) age-0 Northern Pike Esox lucius, we experimentally evaluated fin regeneration following complete excision of a pelvic fin over 98 d. The Northern Pike were also marked with a unique visible implant elastomer tag to allow for repeated measures of individuals. Survival, growth, and fin regeneration were evaluated among three treatment groups to determine whether the fish that received a fin clip following anesthetic (n = 17) differed from those that were fin-clipped without anesthetic (n = 17) and unclipped control fish (n = 10). The fish were distributed proportionally by treatment group between two outdoor rearing tanks, but one of the rearing tanks experienced a mortality event from an unknown source. Consequently, the evaluations were based on the 25 surviving Northern Pike, with treatment-specific sample sizes of seven fish for both the control and nonanesthetic treatments and 11 fish from the anesthetized treatment group. Despite the mortality event in one of the two rearing tanks, survival was similar among the three treatment groups when the rearing tanks were evaluated independently and pooled rearing-tank data revealed no difference in growth rates between fin-clipped and unclipped control fish for TL and weight. By day 46, the clipped fin had regenerated to approximately 80% the length of the unclipped counterpart and by the end of the study many of the clipped fins were nearly indistinguishable from the unclipped fins. This represents the fastest age-0 esocid fin regeneration reported. The results from this study demonstrate that marking early-summer age-0 Northern Pike during the growing season with pelvic fin clips is likely inappropriate for mark–recapture studies that span beyond 3 months. The use of fin clips on age-0 Northern Pike should be restricted to shorter-term studies, or an alternative marking technique should be adopted for the reliable identification of the fish.
Prevalence of anal sphincter defects and association with anal incontinence in women scheduled for pelvic organ prolapse surgery
Authors: Mathew Seema , Guzman Rojas Rodrigo A. , Nyhus Maria Ø. , Salvesen Kjell Å. , Volløyhaug Ingrid I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsSome women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) have concomitant symptoms of anal incontinence. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of anal sphincter defects and the association with incontinence in women undergoing POP surgery.MethodsCross‐sectional study of 200 women scheduled for POP surgery. They answered yes/no and graded any symptoms of fecal and flatal incontinence on a visual analog scale (0–100). 3D/4D transperineal ultrasound was used to assess internal (IAS) and external anal sphincter (EAS) defects. A defect of ≥30° in ≥4 of 6 slices on tomographic imaging was regarded significant. The association between incontinence and sphincter defects was tested with multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of any sphincter defect was 50/200 (25%). Combined IAS/EAS defect was found in 19/200 (9.5%) women, 8/200 (4.0%) had isolated IAS, and 23/200 (11.5%) had isolated EAS defects. In women with defect and intact IAS, 37% and 11% reported fecal incontinence, respectively, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7–7.0), p = .147 and in women with defect versus intact EAS, 36% and 9% had fecal incontinence, aOR 4.0 (95% CI, 1.5–10.8), p = .005. In women with defect and intact IAS, 85% versus 43% reported flatal incontinence, aOR 5.2 (95% CI, 1.6–17.2), p = .007 and in women with defect versus intact EAS, 71% versus 43% had flatal incontinence, aOR 1.9 (95% CI, 0.8–4.5), p = .131.ConclusionsOne of four women scheduled for POP surgery had an anal sphincter defect. EAS defects were associated with fecal incontinence and IAS defects were strongly associated with flatal incontinence.
Fully self‐gated free‐running 3D Cartesian cardiac CINE with isotropic whole‐heart coverage in less than 2 min
Authors: Küstner Thomas , Bustin Aurelien , Jaubert Olivier , Hajhosseiny Reza , Masci Pier Giorgio , Neji Radhouene , Botnar René , Prieto Claudia 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo develop a novel fast water‐selective free‐breathing 3D Cartesian cardiac CINE scan with full self‐navigation and isotropic whole‐heart (WH) coverage.MethodsA free‐breathing 3D Cartesian cardiac CINE scan with a water‐selective balanced steady‐state free precession and a continuous (non‐ECG‐gated) variable‐density Cartesian sampling with spiral profile ordering, out‐inward sampling and acquisition‐adaptive alternating tiny golden and golden angle increment between spiral arms is proposed. Data is retrospectively binned based on respiratory and cardiac self‐navigation signals. A translational respiratory‐motion‐corrected and cardiac‐motion‐resolved image is reconstructed with a multi‐bin patch‐based low‐rank reconstruction (MB‐PROST) within about 15 min. A respiratory‐motion‐resolved approach is also investigated. The proposed 3D Cartesian cardiac CINE is acquired in sagittal orientation in 1 min 50 s for 1.9 mm3 isotropic WH coverage. Left ventricular (LV) function parameters and image quality derived from a blinded reading of the proposed 3D CINE framework are compared against conventional multi‐slice 2D CINE imaging in 10 healthy subjects and 10 patients with suspected cardiovascular disease.ResultsThe proposed framework provides free‐breathing 3D cardiac CINE images with 1.9 mm3 spatial and about 45 ms temporal resolution in a short acquisition time (<2 min). LV function parameters derived from 3D CINE were in good agreement with 2D CINE (10 healthy subjects and 10 patients). Bias and confidence intervals were obtained for end‐systolic volume, end‐diastolic volume and ejection fraction of 0.1 ± 3.5 mL, −0.6 ± 8.2 mL and −0.1 ± 2.2%, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed framework enables isotropic 3D Cartesian cardiac CINE under free breathing for fast assessment of cardiac anatomy and function.
Secure and efficient routing on nodes, edges, and arcs of simple‐graphs and of multi‐graphs
Authors: Fröhlich Georg E. A. , Doerner Karl F. , Gansterer Margaretha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany security companies offer patrolling services, such that guards inspect facilities or streets on a regular basis. Patrolling routes should be cost efficient, but the inspection patterns should not be predictable for offenders. We introduce this setting as a multi‐objective periodic mixed capacitated general routing problem with objectives being cost minimization and route inconsistency maximization. The problem is transformed into an asymmetric capacitated vehicle routing problem, on both a simple‐graph and a multi‐graph; and three multi‐objective frameworks using adaptive large neighborhood search are implemented to solve it. As tests with both artificial and real‐world instances show that some frameworks perform better for some indicators, a hybrid search procedure, combining two of them, is developed and benchmarked against the individual solution methods. Generally, results indicate that considering more than one shortest path between nodes, can significantly increase solution quality for smaller instances, but is quickly becoming a detriment for larger instances.
A mechanistic perspective on atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Fung Alfred KK , Coote Michelle L 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince its invention 25 years ago, atom transfer radical polymerization has become one of the most dominant methods in controlled radical polymerization. This rise in importance is due in large part to increases in scope, reduced catalyst loading and improved oxygen tolerance. These developments have been in turn underpinned by an improved understanding of the mechanism, kinetics and structure–reactivity trends. This mini‐review outlines these mechanistic developments with a particular emphasis on the relationship between structure and activity in both the catalyst and alkyl halide substrate, and their implications for future catalyst design. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
SCARECROW gene function is required for photosynthetic development in maize
Authors: Hughes Thomas E. , Langdale Jane A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractC4 photosynthesis in grasses relies on a specialized leaf anatomy. In maize, this “Kranz” leaf anatomy is patterned in part by the duplicated SCARECROW (SCR) genes ZmSCR1 and ZmSCR1h. Here we show that in addition to patterning defects, chlorophyll content and levels of transcripts encoding Golden2‐like regulators of chloroplast development are significantly lower in Zmscr1; Zmscr1h mutants than in wild‐type. These perturbations are not associated with changes in chloroplast number, size, or ultrastructure. However, the maximum rates of carboxylation by ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO, Vcmax) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, Vpmax) are both reduced, leading to perturbed plant growth. The CO2 compensation point and 13C‰ of Zmscr1;Zmscr1h plants are both normal, indicating that a canonical C4 cycle is operating, albeit at reduced overall capacity. Taken together, our results reveal that the maize SCR genes, either directly or indirectly, play a role in photosynthetic development.Significance statementSCARECROW (SCR) is one of the best studied plant developmental regulators, however, its role in downstream plant physiology is less well‐understood. Here, we have demonstrated that SCR is required to establish and/or maintain photosynthetic capacity in maize leaves.
Airway mechanics after withdrawal of a leukotriene receptor antagonist in children with mild persistent asthma: Double‐blind, randomized, cross‐over study
Authors: Kim Ju Hee , Lee Shinhae , Shin Youn Ho , Ha Eun Kyo , Lee Seung Won , Kim Mi‐Ae , Yoon Jung Won , Baek Hey Sung , Choi Sun‐Hee , Han Man Yong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the response of airway mechanics and the changes in asthma symptoms to stepping down of leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) therapy.MethodsThirty children (mean age: 7.1 years) with mild, well‐controlled, and persistent asthma who took LTRA as maintenance treatment were randomized into a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study. Each group received an LTRA (montelukast) or placebo daily for 2 weeks, followed by a 1‐week washout period, and then the alternate treatment for 2 weeks. Spirometry and impulse oscillation system (IOS) measurements before and after four puffs of salbutamol inhalation, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and the childhood asthma control test (C‐ACT) were evaluated at baseline, the end of placebo treatment, and the end of LTRA treatment.ResultsChanges of FEV1/FVC (p = .113) and FEV1 (p = .109) from baseline to posttreatment did not differ significantly between the placebo and montelukast groups. In the placebo group, prebronchodilator (pre‐) FEV1/FVC was decreased (83% vs. 86%) and bronchodilator response (BDR) in FEV1 was diminished (10.7% vs. 6.4%) at posttreatment compared with baseline. However, the montelukast group had no significant changes in pre‐FEV1/FVC (p = .865) and BDR in FEV1 (p = .461). In addition, compared with the montelukast group, the placebo group showed no significant changes in Rrs5 (total airway resistance), Rrs5–20 (peripheral airway resistance), FeNO, and symptoms by the C‐ACT.ConclusionIn children with well‐controlled mild persistent asthma, changes in spirometry, IOS, FeNO, and C‐ACT results did not differ between the placebo and montelukast groups within 2 weeks.
What electronic information resources do physiotherapists prefer to use to support their CPD?
Authors: Clode Nicholas J. , Darlow Ben , Rouse Jack , Perry Meredith 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeThe way health professionals consume that informal professional education is changing. Physiotherapists are relying more on using electronic sources of information, including social media, to answer clinical questions. This study aims to identify the sources of electronic information physiotherapists in New Zealand use within their informal professional education.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 203 physiotherapists and physiotherapy students was undertaken at the National Physiotherapy New Zealand Conference in 2018.ResultsOne hundred and seventy nine participated in the survey providing a response rate of 88%. Median engagement in electronic professional learning was 1–3 h per week (82/179, 47%). Search engines were the most frequently used resource for accessing professional learning (171/179, 98%). Electronic Journal articles and webinars were seen as the most useful electronic learning resources. Social media sites, such as Twitter and Facebook, were used less frequently. Just over half (94/179, 53%) of participants in the survey reported to regularly critically appraising information.ConclusionPhysiotherapists in New Zealand embark on a significant amount of electronic professional learning. Electronic journal articles are seen as the most valuable resource. Critical appraisal of learning material was not always completed by physiotherapists when consuming informal professional education.
Comparative study of automatic and manual planning methods for volumetric modulated arc therapy in patients with intraocular cancer
Authors: Zheng Xiaomin , Han Ce , Yi Jinling , Zhou Yongqiang , Ai Yao , Xie Congying , Jin Xiance 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo research and assess automatic volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning methods for patients with intraocular cancer.MethodsThe mdaccAutoPlan system was added to the Pinnacle3 treatment planning system as a plug‐in. Automatic VMAT plans were generated for 10 patients diagnosed with intraocular cancer, and evaluated according to standard dose‐volume histogram parameters.ResultsThe planning target volume of enrolled patients ranges from 14.24 to 50.69 cm3. Both planning methods lead to acceptable planning target volume target coverage with a V95 of 97.9 ± 1.4% and 96.4 ± 1.5% for manual and automatic plans (P = 0.03), respectively. Automatic planning lowered the dose delivered to the ipsilateral lens and optical nerves, but increased the dose to the brainstem compared with manual planning. Automatic planning significantly prolonged VMAT planning time (3.25 ± 0.53 h vs. 1.02 ± 0.69 h, P < 0.01), but no significant differences were seen in average machine units (474.0 ± 64.8 vs. 502.4 ± 109.5, P = 0.34) compared with the manual planning method.ConclusionsAutomatic VMAT planning achieved acceptable target coverage, and lowered the dose delivered to ipsilateral lens and brainstem in patients with intraocular cancer compared with manual planning. However, the full benefits of automatic VMAT planning require further study with improved performance and treatment planning system capacity.
18F‐labeled 1,2,3‐triazole‐linked Glu‐urea‐Lys‐based PSMA ligands have good pharmacokinetic properties for positron emission tomography imaging of prostate cancer
Authors: Lee Byoung Se , Chu So Young , Jung Woon Jung , Jeong Hyeon Jin , Lee Kyongkyu , Kim Min Hwan , Kim Mi Hyun , Chi Dae Yoon , Ahn Heesu , Lee Yong Jin , Lee Kyo Chul , Lim Sang Moo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundProstate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is increasingly recognized as an excellent target for prostate cancer imaging and therapy. Finding compounds with a high target‐to‐nontarget ratio are an important challenge in the development of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. In this study, we attempted to find a suitable compound from a simply‐synthesized compound library.Method18F‐labeling was achieved in a two‐step synthesis consisting of [18F]fluorination of azido sulfonates followed by copper(I)‐catalyzed click ligation. In vitro binding experiment and in vivo studies were carried out using isogenic PSMA+ PC3‐PIP and PSMA− PC3‐flu cells and 22RV1 cells. [125I]MIP‐1095 was used to measure the binding affinities of compounds through a competitive binding assay, and [18F]DCFPyL was used for a comparative assessment of compounds. Radiation dosimetry data were obtained using OLINDA/EXM software.ResultsNine novel PSMA ligands were synthesized by the combination of three azido compounds and three terminal acetylene‐containing Glu‐urea‐Lys compounds. Among them, compound 6f having a pyridine moiety showed a high binding affinity of 6.51 ± 0.19 nM (Ki). 18F‐labeled compounds were obtained at moderate yields within 70 to 75 minutes (including high‐performance liquid chromatography purification). Compound [18F]6c had the lowest log P of −2.693. MicroPET/computed tomography (CT) images were acquired from 22RV1 cell xenograft mice after injecting [18F]6c, [18F]6f, and [18F]6i. Additional microPET/CT experiments of [18F]6c and [18F]6f were performed using PSMA+ PC3‐PIP and PSMA− PC3‐flu cell‐bearing mice. [18F]6c was selected for further studies because it was found to have high uptake in tumors and rapid renal clearance, resulting in great tumor‐to‐nontumor ratios and distinct tumor images with very low background activity. Human dosimetry estimation of [18F]6c using OLINDA/EXM software was calculated, resulting in an effective dose of 4.35 × 10−3 mSv/MBq.Conclusions[18F]6c showed significant tumor uptake, a high tumor‐to‐nontumor ratio, and good radiation dosimetry results, suggesting further development as a potential diagnostic PET agent for prostate cancer.
Digital implementation of sliding‐mode control via the implicit method: A tutorial
Authors: Brogliato Bernard , Polyakov Andrey 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe objective of this article, is to provide a clear presentation of the discretization of continuous‐time sliding‐mode controllers, also known in the automatic control literature as the emulation method, when the implicit (backward) Euler scheme is used. First‐order, second‐order, and homogeneous controllers are considered. The main theoretical results are recalled in each case, and the focus is put on the discrete‐time implementation structure and on the algorithms which allow the designer to solve, at each time‐step, the one‐step generalized equations which are needed to compute the controllers. The article ends with some open issues.
Optimization of Working Conditions by Response Surface Methodology of Sulfur Dioxide Gas Sensors Based on Au/CoO‐2La2WO6 Nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Fuxiu , Zhang Wenjuan , Zhao Youxi , Ji Yizhi , Liu Baining , Zhou Kaowen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the past, the working conditions of cataluminescence (CTL) method were simply determined by single factor experiment. This paper will illustrate the optimization of working conditions of a novel sulfur dioxide gas sensor based on Au/CoO‐2La2WO6 nanoparticles by response surface methodology (RSM). Under optimized working conditions, analytical wavelength 522.77 nm, reaction temperature 111.15 °C and carrier gas velocity 144.92 ml/min, the sensitivity of the method can be increased by 6.4 %. The optimization process is universal for many multi parameter processes. There is a good linear relationship between the CTL intensity and the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the range of 0.06–120 mg/m3 with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.015 mg/m3. The sensing properties of sensitive material were investigated. The results indicated that nano‐Au/CoO‐2La2WO6 could be a good candidate for fabricating sulfur dioxide gas sensors.
MgAl Layered Double Hydroxides Intercalated with EDTA: Cu(II) Recovery and Mechanism
Authors: Chen Liangzhe , Tu Qian , Yang Xingyan , Hu Xiaolin , Sun Xinyu , Li Houbin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn water treatment, it is a valid way to remove Cu(II) efficiently via layered double hydroxides (LDHs) intercalated with chelate, but the desorption and its mechanism remain an unsolved difficult problem. To solve this problem, MgAl LDHs intercalated with EDTA (MgAl‐EDTA‐LDHs) was synthesized by one‐step co‐precipitation method, and applied to recover Cu2+. The characterizations of SEM, XRD, XPS, EA and AAS were employed, and the results showed that MgAl‐EDTA‐LDHs exhibited a typical lamellar structure, the adsorption capacity of MgAl‐EDTA‐LDHs on Cu2+ could reach 79.69 mg/g, which was attributed to the chelation of EDTA and chemical bonding of hydroxyl (−OH) on the surface of LDHs layers. In addition, the adsorption capacity could achieve 45.75 mg/g after eluting by Na2CO3 solution, which was relevant to the ion exchange by CO32−. Herein, the adsorption and desorption mechanism of MgAl‐EDTA‐LDHs on Cu2+ was expounded, which may pave a new way to recover the heavy metal and provide a theoretical guidance for future research.
One‐step Mechanical Synthesis of Oxygen‐defect Modified Ultrathin Bi12O17Br2 Nanosheets for Boosting Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Meng Chenxi , Wang Bin , Ji Mengxia , Jiang Qi , Chen Rong , Ji Sainan , Chen Zhigang , Li Huaming , Xia Jiexiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBenefiting from high contact specific surface area and interface defects, ultrathin two‐dimensional (2D) defect‐rich catalysts have attracted widespread attention in the photocatalytic field. However, the traditional synthetic methods are complicated to operate and prone to acid‐base pollution, which are counter to the high‐efficiency and environmental protection concepts of the present age. Herein, novel rich oxygen vacancies (OVs) ultrathin Bi12O17Br2 nanosheets were prepared via one‐step mechanical ball milling with high‐energy grinding, which can enhance the specific surface area, reduce the thickness and boost the escape of more surface oxygen atoms for the Bi12O17Br2 catalyst. The ultrathin structure with rich OVs are beneficial to the introduction of more active sites and the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers. Under visible light illumination, the Bi12O17Br2 ultrathin nanosheets exhibit excellent photodegradation ability of antibiotic, which is 23∼48 times relative to bulk Bi12O17Br2. Hence, this study designs an efficient and convenient approach to fabricate bismuth‐rich materials with surface OVs, which is conducive to large‐scale industrial production.
Highly Efficient Deep Blue Cd‐Free Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes by a p‐Type Doped Emissive Layer
Authors: Cho Hyunjin , Park Sunjoong , Shin Hongjoo , Kim Moohyun , Jang Hanhwi , Park Jaehyun , Yang Joong Hwan , Han Chang Wook , Baek Ji Ho , Jung Yeon Sik , Jeon Duk Young 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnvironmentally friendly ZnSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) as an alternative blue emission material to Cd‐based QDs have shown great potential for use in next‐generation displays. However, it remains still challenging to realize a high‐efficiency quantum dot light‐emitting diode (QLED) based on ZnSe/ZnS QDs due to their insufficient electrical characteristics, such as excessively high electron mobility (compared to the hole mobility) and the deep‐lying valence band. In this work, the effects of QDs doped with hole transport materials (hybrid QDs) on the electrical characteristics of a QLED are investigated. These hybrid QDs show a p‐type doping effect, which leads to a change in the density of the carriers. Specifically, the hybrid QDs can balance electrons and holes by suppressing the overflow of electrons and improving injection of holes, respectively. These electrical characteristics help to improve device performance. In detail, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.88% is achieved with the hybrid QDs. This is increased by 180% compared to a device with pure ZnSe/ZnS QDs (EQE of 2.46%). This record is the highest among deep‐blue Cd‐free QLED devices. These findings provide the importance of p‐type doping effect in QD layers and guidance for the study of the electrical properties of QDs.