bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double‐Sided Surface Passivation of 3D Perovskite Film for High‐Efficiency Mixed‐Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Mahmud Md Arafat , Duong The , Yin Yanting , Pham Huyen T. , Walter Daniel , Peng Jun , Wu Yiliang , Li Li , Shen Heping , Wu Nandi , Mozaffari Naeimeh , Andersson Gunther , Catchpole Kylie R. , Weber Klaus J. , White Thomas P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDefect‐mediated carrier recombination at the interfaces between perovskite and neighboring charge transport layers limits the efficiency of most state‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells. Passivation of interfacial defects is thus essential for attaining cell efficiencies close to the theoretical limit. In this work, a novel double‐sided passivation of 3D perovskite films is demonstrated with thin surface layers of bulky organic cation–based halide compound forming 2D layered perovskite. Highly efficient (22.77%) mixed‐dimensional perovskite devices with a remarkable open‐circuit voltage of 1.2 V are reported for a perovskite film having an optical bandgap of ≈1.6 eV. Using a combination of experimental and numerical analyses, it is shown that the double‐sided surface layers provide effective defect passivation at both the electron and hole transport layer interfaces, suppressing surface recombination on both sides of the active layer. Despite the semi‐insulating nature of the passivation layers, an increase in the fill factor of optimized cells is observed. The efficient carrier extraction is explained by incomplete surface coverage of the 2D perovskite layer, allowing charge transport through localized unpassivated regions, similar to tunnel‐oxide passivation layers used in silicon photovoltaics. Optimization of the defect passivation properties of these films has the potential to further increase cell efficiencies.
Synergistic Coassembly of Highly Wettable and Uniform Hole‐Extraction Monolayers for Scaling‐up Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Erpeng , Bi Enbing , Wu Yongzhen , Zhang Weiwei , Li Linchang , Chen Han , Han Liyuan , Tian He , Zhu Wei‐Hong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAll organic charge‐transporting layer (CTL)‐featured perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit distinct advantages, but their scaling‐up remains a great challenge because the organic CTLs underneath the perovskite are too thin to achieve large‐area homogeneous layers by spin‐coating, and their hydrophobic nature further hinders the solution‐based fabrication of perovskite layer. Here, an unprecedented anchoring‐based coassembly (ACA) strategy is reported that involves a synergistic coadsorption of a hydrophilic ammonium salt CA‐Br with hole‐transporting triphenylamine derivatives to acquire scalable and wettable organic hole‐extraction monolayers for p–i–n structured PSCs. The ACA route not only enables ultrathin organic CTLs with high uniformity but also eliminates the nonwetting problem to facilitate large‐area perovskite films with 100% coverage. Moreover, incorporation of CA‐Br in the ACA strategy can distinctly guarantee a high quality of electronic connection via the cations' vacancy passivation. Consequently, a high power‐conversion‐efficiency (PCE) of 17.49% is achieved for p–i–n structured PSCs (1.02 cm2), and a module with an aperture area of 36 cm2 shows PCE of 12.67%, one of the best scaling‐up results among all‐organic CTL‐based PSCs. This work demonstrates that the ACA strategy can be a promising route to large‐area uniform interfacial layers as well as scaling‐up of perovskite solar cells.
Dendrite‐Free Zinc Deposition Induced by Tin‐Modified Multifunctional 3D Host for Stable Zinc‐Based Flow Battery
Authors: Yin Yanbin , Wang Shengnan , Zhang Qi , Song Yang , Chang Nana , Pan Yanwei , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractZinc (Zn) plating/stripping is a promising anodic electrochemical reaction for aqueous batteries because of its high safety, low cost, two electron transfer, and rapid reaction kinetics. However, the notorious dendrite growth of Zn has become one of the biggest obstacles hindering its further commercialization. A multifunctional binder‐free tin (Sn)‐modified 3D carbon felt anodic host (SH) is constructed for aqueous zinc‐based flow batteries (ZFB) via a facile and scalable strategy. Compared with the pristine carbon felt host (PH), the as‐fabricated SH affords more robust Zn nucleation sites, lower hydrogen evolution reaction potential and lower nucleation overpotential of Zn and thus better induces uniform Zn plating/stripping with very high Coulombic efficiency (CE). Based on such an SH, a symmetrical flow battery exhibits superior CE (290 cycles with average CE of 99.4%) and a zinc–bromine flow battery demonstrates a longer cycle life (142 cycles with average CE of 97.2%), much better than pristine PH. This is a simple, novel, and effective way to suppress Zn dendrites and improve the performance of ZFBs.
Tunable Optical Properties in Self‐Assembled Oxide‐Metal Hybrid Thin Films via Au‐Phase Geometry Control: From Nanopillars to Nanodisks
Authors: Zhang Di , Misra Shikhar , Li Leigang , Wang Xuejing , Jian Jie , Lu Ping , Gao Xingyao , Sun Xing , Qi Zhimin , Kalaswad Matias , Zhang Xinghang , Wang Haiyan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPlasmonic oxide‐metal hybrid nanostructures exhibit unprecedented optical properties because of the nanoscale interactions between the oxide and metal components. Precise control of the geometry and arrangement of optical building blocks is key to tailoring system properties toward various nanophotonic applications. Herein, self‐assembled BaTiO3‐Au vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films with a series of thicknesses are fabricated using a one‐step pulsed laser deposition technique. By reducing the film thickness, the geometry of Au phase is effectively tailored from nanopillars to nanodisks, with the aspect ratio (height/width) varied from ≈4.0 to ≈1.0. The experimental optical spectra and numerical simulation results demonstrate that localized surface plasmon resonance and hyperbolic dispersion wavelength can be effectively tuned in the visible to near‐infrared regime by varying the film thickness due to the change of Au aspect ratio and free electron density. This study demonstrates a feasible approach in tuning the optical responses in hybrid oxide‐metal nanostructures, and opens up enormous possibilities in design and fabrication of novel optical components toward all optical integrated devices.
Intrinsic Chirality and Multispectral Spin‐Selective Transmission in Folded Eta‐Shaped Metamaterials
Authors: Yang Shengyan , Liu Zhe , Yang Haifang , Jin Aizi , Zhang Shuang , Li Junjie , Gu Changzhi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractManipulating light polarization is of fundamental importance in the modern photonic applications such as spectroscopy, laser science, optical communication, quantum information processing, chemical and biological sensing. Polarization control of light is typically achieved by natural chiral or birefringent materials with macroscopic volume due to the weak light–matter interaction. Here, a folded eta‐shaped metamaterial that is capable of generating gigantic optical chirality and spectrally breaking the spin degeneracy of optical transmission at multiband is experimentally demonstrated. The intrinsic chiral configuration is achieved by folding the eta‐shaped metasurface along the vertical direction to break the mirror symmetries. A remarkable circular dichroism approaching unity is experimentally achieved, with the maximum transmittance exceeding 93%. This is the record high value demonstrated to date for single‐layer metasurfaces without diffraction in infrared region. The folded metamaterial provides a straightforward strategy for achieving intrinsic 3D chirality and has great potential for applications in photon‐spin selective devices and chiral biomolecule identification.
An IR820 Dye–Protein Complex for Second Near‐Infrared Window and Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Du Bulin , Qu Chunrong , Qian Kun , Ren Ying , Li Yesen , Cui Xiaohong , He Shuqing , Wu Yifan , Ko Timothy , Liu Ruiqi , Li Xuena , Li Yaming , Cheng Zhen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecently, much attention has been focused on the development of second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) fluorescence imaging because of its reduced scattering, minimal absorption, and negligible autofluorescence. NIR‐II bioimaging allows the visualization of deep anatomical features with an unprecedented degree of clarity. In addition to the construction of a variety of new NIR‐II fluorophores, using a fluorescence tail emission greater than 1000 nm for conventional NIR‐I dyes represents a promising strategy for developing an NIR‐II imaging technique. Herein, the authors report tailoring a supramolecular assembly of human serum albumin (HSA) protein complexed with a sulfonated NIR‐I organic dye (IR820) to produce a brilliant 21‐fold increase in fluorescence for NIR‐II imaging. In vivo NIR‐II imaging with IR820–HSA allows noninvasive and dynamic visualization and monitoring of physiological and pathological conditions of the vascular system, lymphatic drainage system, and tumor‐bearing mice, as well as image‐guided tumor resection with high spatial and temporal resolution. Furthermore, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of IR820–HSA in mouse tumor models also demonstrate good tumor accumulation. Overall, an IR820–protein complex with high biocompatibility can be easily constructed using a conventional NIR‐I dye that provides a new theranostic tool with high clinical translation potential.
Chiral Carbon Dots Synthesized on Cellulose Nanocrystals
Authors: Chekini Mahshid , Prince Elisabeth , Zhao Lily , Mundoor Haridas , Smalyukh Ivan I. , Kumacheva Eugenia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHybrid nanoparticles composed of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and carbon‐dots (C‐dots) have promising applications in chemistry, biology, and nanomedicine, owing to the photoluminescence, sensory properties, and cytocompatibility of C‐dots, and chirality, cytobiocompatibility, and high cellular uptake of CNCs. The possibility of circularly polarized luminescence in such nanoparticles is particularly attractive. Herein, scalable and straightforward hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen‐doped fluorescent C‐dots under reflux condition by using CNCs as a carbon source and chiral substrate is reported. Under ultraviolet irradiation, hybrid C‐dot/CNC nanoparticles exhibit stronger emission of left‐handed, than right‐handed, circularly polarized light, with high dissymmetry factor up to 0.2. The nanoparticles are biocompatible: the normalized proliferation index above 100% is determined for MCF 7 cells cultured in the suspension of C‐dot/CNC nanoparticles. These hybrid nanoparticles can find applications as biotags for labeling, sensing, and therapeutics and as building blocks of photoluminescent cholesteric CNC films with photonic applications.
Interatomic Potential Model Development: Finite‐Temperature Dynamics Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Shin Seungha , Lee Sangkeun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDeveloping an accurate interatomic potential model is a prerequisite for achieving reliable results from classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations; however, most of the potentials are biased as specific simulation purposes or conditions are considered in the parameterization. For developing an unbiased potential, a finite‐temperature dynamics machine learning (FTD‐ML) approach is proposed, and its processes and feasibility are demonstrated using the Buckingham potential model and aluminum (Al) as an example. Compared with conventional machine learning approaches, FTD‐ML exhibits three distinguished features: 1) FTD‐ML intrinsically incorporates more extensive configurational and conditional space for enhancing the transferability of developed potentials; 2) FTD‐ML employs various properties calculated directly from CMD, for ML model training and prediction validation against experimental data instead of first‐principles data; 3) FTD‐ML is much more computationally cost effective than first‐principles simulations, especially when the system size increases over 103 atoms as employed in this research for ensuring reliable training data. The Al Buckingham potential developed by the FTD‐ML approach exhibits good performance for general simulation purposes. Thus, the FTD‐ML approach is expected to contribute to a fast development of interatomic potential model suitable for various simulation purposes and conditions, without limitation of model type, while maintaining experimental‐level accuracy.
Photobrightening in Lead Halide Perovskites: Observations, Mechanisms, and Future Potential
Authors: Andaji‐Garmaroudi Zahra , Anaya Miguel , Pearson Andrew J. , Stranks Samuel D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere has been a meteoric rise in the commercial potential of lead halide perovskite optoelectronic devices since photovoltaic cells and light‐emitting diodes based on these materials were first demonstrated. One key challenge common to each of these optoelectronic devices is the need to suppress nonradiative recombination, a process that limits the maximum achievable efficiency in photovoltaic cells and light‐emitting diodes. In this Progress Report, recent studies that seek to minimize this loss pathway in perovskites through a photobrightening treatment, whereby the luminescence efficiency is enhanced through a light illumination passivation process are examined. The sensitivity of this effect to various experimental considerations is examined, including atmosphere, photon energy, photon dose, and also the role of perovskite composition and morphology; under certain conditions there can even be photodarkening effects. Consideration of these factors is critical to resolve seemingly conflicting literature reports. Proposed mechanisms are scrutinized, revealing that there is now some consensus but further work is needed to identify the specific defects being passivated and elucidate universal mechanisms. Finally, the prospects for these treatments to minimize halide migration and push the properties of polycrystalline films towards those of their single‐crystal counterparts are discussed.
Numerical investigation of bubble breakup in a four‐branched microchannel based on non‐Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid
Authors: Du Mengqi , Qi Tong , Fan Wenyuan , Chen Hui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBubble breakup in a four‐branched microchannel with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution was investigated by an improved coupled level set and volume of fluid (CLSVOF) method based on consideration of the rheological characteristic of the fluid. The validity of the numerical approach was satisfactorily verified by comparing with the experimental results. The regime and pattern of bubble breakup were evaluated by analyzing the evolution of bubble morphology. The effects of gas velocity, solution concentration, and subchannel width on daughter bubble length were examined, respectively. The results indicate that three split regimes at the branch comprising expansion, squeezing, and pinch‐off stage and three flow patterns including long slug, short slug, and bubble flows can be observed. Daughter bubble length increases with the gas velocity but decreases with the solution concentration. Particularly, the bubble length in the subchannel near the symmetry axis of main channel is always greater than that in the channel far from the axis. However, as the former channel shrinks, the bubble length in it will rapidly drop while the length in latter channel increases significantly. Finally, a scaling law to predict the daughter bubble length in two‐distanced channel is developed and agrees with the numerical results under present conditions.
Preparation of organic–inorganic hybridized dual‐functional antifog/antireflection coatings on plastic substrates
Authors: Chang Chao‐Ching , Lin Zi‐Min , Cheng Liao‐Ping 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTDual‐functional antifog/antireflection coatings with a special bi‐layer structure for plastic substrates were prepared. The superhydrophilic top layer was a crosslinked network of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA), hydrophilic agent (synthesized from Tween 20, isophorone diisocyanate, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and organically modified silica. The high‐refractive‐index bottom layer was composed of TiO2 nanoparticles and DPHA. The two layers were chemically bonded through a UV‐curing process. By tuning the thicknesses of the two layers, a series of coatings were prepared. These coatings were highly transparent and able to reduce reflectance. In addition, they adhered well to the substrate, and demonstrated superb antifogging capability on steam tests. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48822.
Study of effect of two sulfonating agents on electrochemical properties of surface‐modified polyethersulfone membrane
Authors: Zarybnicka Lucie , Stranska Eliska 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe work deals with the selection of sulfonating agent and preparation of polymeric coating on membrane step by step. The surface modification of a commercial ultrafiltration polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was covalently attached to the poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene‐co‐4‐vinylbenzylchloride). The whole process was tracked step by step using analytical methods. Chlorosulfonic acid and trimethylsilyl chlorosulfonate were tested as sulfonating agents. Ion‐exchange capacity (IEC), water content, specific resistance, and permselectivity were measured and scanning electron microscope analyzed the surface of the cation exchange membrane. The best results were achieved using 5 wt % chlorosulfonic acid as sulfonating agent. IEC reached values of up to 2.44 meq g−1 of dry matter, permselectivity of 93.6%, area resistances of 10.1 Ω cm2, and specific resistance around 299 Ω cm. The prepared cation exchange PES membrane with chlorosulfonic acid can be used in electrochemical processes, for example, in electrodialysis. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48826.
Orange peel waste from juicing as raw material for plastic composites intended for use in food packaging
Authors: Fehlberg Jack , Lee Chun‐Lung , Matuana Laurent M. , Almenar Eva 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTUtilization of orange peel (OP) from the juicing industry as filler material within a polymer matrix can add value to this agricultural waste and reduce dependence on nonrenewable resources. This study aims to investigate the impact of OP filler's physical characteristics including size, loading, and retention/removal of zest on plastic properties of interest for food packaging. Linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) is selected to produce plastic composites due to its widespread use in food packaging. Eight different LLDPE/OP sheets from combinations of different OP characteristics are examined. Results show that OP particle sizes of 75–177 μm without zest at 0.4‐g loading improve thermal stability, color, dispersion, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and elongation at break as well as reduce air bubble formation and OP agglomerate sizes in LLDPE/OP composites. Results show a promise in utilization of OP fillers to produce a composite comparable to neat LLDPE and composites with UV‐blocking properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48841.
Long‐lived electrochemiluminescence of ruthenium (II) complexes/tri‐n‐propylamine in aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhou Ming , Dan Nianping , Wang Hong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough the clinical use of immunoassays based on the oxidative‐reduction electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of tris(2,2′‐bipyridine)ruthenium (II)/tri‐n‐propylamine has been a great success, elucidation of the ECL generation mechanism still remains unsatisfactory. We report here our experimental observations of long‐lived luminescence that remains detectable for several seconds after termination of electrochemical heterogeneous oxidation. Long‐lived luminescence was observed in both a surfactant‐free buffer and a surfactant‐containing broadly used commercial buffer under different conditions. The slow decay of emission seems to have been unnoticed in previous ECL mechanistic studies. Within the frame of the reaction schemes so far proposed, its origin is inconclusively ascribed to the reductive‐oxidation process of ruthenium (II) complex, that is Ru(bpy)32+ → Ru(bpy)31+ → Ru(bpy)32+* → Ru(bpy)32+ with the involvement of the tri‐n‐propylamine‐derived radical cation. It is anticipated that long‐lived ECL will suggest a research approach to separate some homogeneous reactions from the complicated reaction system and therefore help to resolve the mechanistic mystery.
Relating Environmental, Social, and Governance scores and sustainability performances of firms: An empirical analysis
Authors: Rajesh R. , Rajendran Chandrasekharan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnvironmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores can act as an indicator for sustainability performance of organizations. This paper explores an empirical evidence for the relationship binding ESG scores and sustainability performances of firms. We observe and evaluate the ESG performance scores of 1,820 firms globally for 5 years, from 2014 to 2018 on 10 major themes and over 400 different indicators, as listed by Thomson Reuters and is captured from the Bloomberg terminal data. We posit five hypotheses to check the relations binding ESG scores and the total sustainability performances of firms. A Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis and standard bootstrapping using Smart PLS 3.0 software is used to observe the results and to evidence the direct and moderating effects among latent variables contributing to sustainability performances. We observe a significant and negative moderating effect of ESG performances, independently over the all direct relations, considering their relationship to ESG performances. One of the major implications of this research is in the direction of assigning priorities while considering environmental‐, social‐, and governance‐related themes in the implementation of any strategies or policies into practice.
Driving sectoral sustainability via the diffusion of organizational eco‐innovations
Authors: García‐Quevedo Jose , Kesidou Effie , Martínez‐Ros Ester 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing insights from institutional literature, the resource‐based theory of the firm, and internationalization, we explain variations in the diffusion of organizational eco‐innovations. Studies have previously reported that the drivers of eco‐innovation are regulatory pressures, technology push, market pull, and firm factors. But relatively little attention has been paid to nontechnological forms of eco‐innovation, such as environmental management systems (EMS). Consequently, how exactly to encourage EMS adoption across sectors is still unclear. We attempt to address this question by combining sectoral panel data (2009–2014) from a number of sources in Spain. The econometric analysis reveals that environmental policy is driving the adoption of ISO 14001 largely due to differences across sectors in energy and pollution intensity. In addition, the adoption of ISO 9001 increases the use of ISO 14001 in industry because of complementarities between the two systems. Third, in highly internationalized sectors, firms adopt a greater amount of ISO 14001.