bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Fe3C−Mo2C−Carbon Hybrid Electrocatalysts Promoted through a Strong Charge‐Transfer Effect
Authors: Yu Deshuang , Ye Min , Han Silin , Ma Yanchen , Hu Feng , Li Linlin , Peng Shengjie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHighly efficient, stable, and low‐cost catalysts for electrochemical water splitting play a critical role in promoting energy efficiency in the renewable hydrogen power‐related industries. In this study, nonprecious metal carbides composed of Fe3C and Mo2C supported by carbon nanoplates are prepared and utilized as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. Spatially confined annealing of the polydopamine‐coated metal precursors affords a structure containing porous cubes isolated by carbon nanoplates encapsulated with Fe3C and Mo2C nanoparticles. The hybrid electrocatalyst with a hierarchical structure, large surface area, and abundant exposed active sites benefits from efficient mass transport and more importantly the strong charge‐transfer effect between the iron and molybdenum moieties. Under strong alkaline conditions, the optimized Fe3C−Mo2C hybrid (with a Fe/Mo ratio of 1 : 2) requires a low overpotential of 274 and 301 mV for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction at current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively, accompanied with decent hydrogen evolution activity, thereby demonstrating efficient bifunctional electrocatalytic activity towards overall water splitting.
A 0.3‐V, 2.4‐nW, and 100‐Hz fourth‐order LPF for ECG signal processing
Authors: Rao G. Hanumantha , P. Sreenivasulu , S. Rekha , Bhat M. S. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAn ultra‐low voltage, low power bulk‐driven voltage follower (VF) is proposed in this paper. Further, it is exploited to design a fourth‐order low‐pass filter (LPF) for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing. The filter is designed in UMC 180‐nm CMOS technology and operates with an ultra‐low supply voltage of 0.3 V. It consumes an extremely low power of 2.4 nW for a cutoff frequency of 100 Hz. Results of post‐layout simulation show that the proposed filter provides a dynamic range (DR) of 51.6 dB even from a 0.3‐V supply voltage. The filter achieves a Figure‐of‐merit (FoM) of 4.7 × 10−15, which is better than many designs listed in the literature.
Effect of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors on complement activation
Authors: Hoffmann‐Petersen Ingeborg T. , Holt Charlotte B. , Jensen Lisbeth , Hage Camilla , Mellbin Linda G. , Thiel Steffen , Hansen Troels K. , Østergaard Jakob A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdverse activation of the complement cascade in the innate immune system appears to be involved in development of vascular complications in diabetes. Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) is a cell surface serine protease expressed in a variety of tissues. DPP‐4 inhibitors are widely used in treatment of type 2 diabetes and appear to yield beneficial pleiotropic effects beyond their glucose‐lowering action, for example, renoprotective and anti‐inflammatory properties, but the exact mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesised that DPP‐4 inhibitors block adverse complement activation by inhibiting complement‐activating serine proteases.Materials and methodsWe analysed the effects of 7 different DPP‐4 inhibitors on the lectin and classical pathway of the complement system in vitro by quantifying complement factor C4b deposition onto mannan or IgG coated surfaces, respectively. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of mannan‐binding lectin (MBL), soluble membrane attack complex (sMAC), and C4b deposition were quantified in 71 patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome and glucose disturbances, randomly assigned to sitagliptin 100 mg (n= 34) or placebo (n= 37) for 12 weeks.ResultsAll the 7 DPP‐4 inhibitors tested in the study directly inhibited functional activity of the lectin pathway in a dose‐dependent manner with varying potency in vitro. In vivo, MBL, sMAC, and C4b declined significantly during follow‐up in both groups without significant effect of sitagliptin.ConclusionsWe demonstrated an inhibitory effect of DPP‐4 inhibitors on the lectin pathway in vitro. The clinical relevance of this effect of DPP‐4 inhibitors remains to be fully elucidated.
Carbon isotope ratio of endogenous urinary steroids of the Cuban population of athletes studied for doping purposes
Authors: Montes de Oca Porto Rodny , Fernández_Hormiga Miguel Angel , Correa_Vidal Margarita Teresa , Martínez_Brito Dayamin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work was to validate the gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry method in Havana Antidoping Laboratory and verify its implementation with a study of the Cuban population.The method was precise and accurate inside the linear working range; the limit of quantification and the uncertainty were compliant with TD2019IRMS. The study of the Cuban population showed no differences in δ13C values between females and males. Only three values of Δδ13C showed significant differences between sexes (PD‐T, OHA‐T, and 11‐keto‐Et‐T). The values of δ13C between −17.8‰ and −21.2‰ (upper and lower limits based on normal distribution) were consistent with other populations where C4 plant derivatives prevail in the diet.
Development of consensus‐based guidelines for outpatient dietetic treatment of eating disorders: A Delphi study
Authors: McMaster Caitlin M. , Wade Tracey , Franklin Janet , Hart Susan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo generate consensus‐based guidelines for outpatient dietetic treatment of patients with an eating disorder (ED) using Delphi methodology.MethodA modified Delphi method was used to develop consensus‐based guidelines in several categories: referral to a dietitian; essential components of outpatient dietetic treatment; strategies to promote collaboration between dietitians and other healthcare professionals; and skills dietitians should possess if treating patients with an ED. Participants (n = 162) were coded into three panels: ED specialists (n = 79), non‐ED specialists (n = 28), and consumers and carers with lived experience of an ED (n = 55). A total of 122 statements were rated across three rounds.ResultsEighty‐one statements reached consensus level (66.4%). A high proportion of endorsed statements were consistent with current guidelines for ED treatment, though some statements for which evidence exists were not endorsed as essential components of dietetic treatment. Compared to consumers and carers, ED specialists were less likely to endorse assessment or involvement by a dietitian as a standard component of treatment, and a number of discrepancies between ED specialists and consumers and carers were observed regarding essential components of dietetic treatment.DiscussionThis study provides consensus‐based guidelines in the current absence of clinical practice guidelines for dietetic treatment of EDs. It also highlights the importance of further research into: (a) the effectiveness of different components of dietetic intervention in this population and (b) how dietetic assessment and intervention is best incorporated into outpatient treatment.
Determination of Integrity, Stability and Density of the DNA Layers Immobilised at Glassy Carbon and Gold Electrodes Using Ferrocyanide
Authors: Banasiak Anna , Colleran John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe technique chosen to immobilise DNA onto electrodes can determine the density and stability of the resultant immobilised layer. DNA‐modified electrodes were prepared using four common DNA immobilisation methods and characterised using ferrocyanide. The negatively charged DNA strands should repel ferrocyanide anions. The DNA layers created using adsorption at glassy carbon electrodes were unstable, while those created through chemisorption of thiol‐modified DNA onto gold electrodes were repeatable and stable, and returned, on average, 94 % repulsion of the probe. The presented results show how the immobilisation protocol, and DNA type, affects the stability, repeatability, and integrity of resultant DNA layers.
Cyclic Voltammetric Study of 2‐Hydroxybenzophenone (HBP) Derivatives and the Correspondent Change in the Orbital Energy Levels in Different Solvents
Authors: Adeniyi Adebayo A. , Ngake Tankiso L. , Conradie Jeanet 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe experimental UV and CV of five substituted 2‐hydroxybenzophenones in solvents acetonitrile, n‐dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide are presented. Results obtained were used to determine their experimental highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the results were compared to their theoretical model. The derivatives with an electron withdrawing group (EWG) have more favourable reduction potential, electron affinity, lower dipole moment, lower LUMO and HOMO energy levels and longer absorption λmax compared to those containing an electron donating group. Acetonitrile enhances the reduction potential especially for those of derivatives with EWG, leading to higher reduction potential compared to solvents DMF and DMSO.
Elevated Magnesium Concentrations Altered Freshwater Assemblage Structures in a Mesocosm Experiment
Authors: Mooney Thomas J. , McCullough Cherie D. , Jansen Andrew , Chandler Lisa , Douglas Michael , Harford Andrew J. , van Dam Rick , Humphrey Chris 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is a mining-related contaminant in the Alligators Rivers Region of tropical northern Australia. A mesocosm experiment was used to assess Mg toxicity to aquatic freshwater assemblages. Twenty-five 2700-L tubs were arranged, stratified randomly, on the bed of Magela Creek, a seasonally flowing, sandy stream channel in the Alligator Rivers Region of northern Australia. The experiment comprised 5 replicates of 4 nominal Mg treatments, 2.5, 7.5, 23, and 68 mg L−1, and a control. Phytoplankton biomass, and diatom, zooplankton, and macroinvertebrate assemblages present in the treatment tubs were sampled before and after Mg addition. A significant negative relationship between phytoplankton biomass and Mg was observed 4 wk after Mg addition as measured by chlorophyll a concentrations (r2 = 0.97, p = 0.01). This result was supported by reductions in some major phytoplankton groups in response to increasing Mg concentrations, in the same experiment and from independent field studies. There was a significant negative relationship between zooplankton assemblage similarity (to control) and Mg concentrations (r2 = 0.96, p = 0.002). Seven weeks after Mg addition, macroinvertebrate assemblages were dominated by 3 microcrustacean groups (Ostracoda, Cladocera, and Copepoda), each reaching maximum abundance at intermediate Mg concentrations (i.e., unimodal responses). The responses of phytoplankton and zooplankton were used to derive assemblage effect concentrations (Mg concentrations resulting in x% of the assemblage change [ECx]). Magnesium concentrations resulting in assemblage EC01 values were &lt;3 mg L−1. Together with candidate guideline values from other laboratory- and field-based lines of evidence, the mesocosm EC01 values were incorporated into a weight-of-evidence framework for a robust regulatory approach to environmental protection. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1973–1987. © 2020 Commonwealth of Australia. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Caption: Aerial photo of mesocosms in the Magela Creek channel (left). Schematic of the colonization of mesocosms and magnesium effect on aquatic assemblages (right)
Alternating Current Heating Model of Rods Located in Siemens Reactor▴
Authors: Yu C. , Zhou Y. M. , Du P. , Zhao L. , Zhao D. , Wang P. J. , Tian L. , Xie G. , Hou Y. Q. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe energy of a Siemens reduction furnace is provided by the current heating of silicon rods. Further, owing to the temperature gradient in the silicon rod, its center temperature is considerably higher than its surface temperature. The skin effect of alternating current (AC) reduces the temperature gradient within the silicon rod. Therefore, this study essentially establishes an AC heating model of 24 pairs of rod Siemens reactor based on electromagnetic theory. The calculation results are consistent with the industrial production data, indicating that the model is accurate. The results demonstrate that when the AC frequency exceeds 50 kHz, the current density at the center of the silicon rod becomes very small, tending to zero. As the frequency continues to increase, the area where the current density is close to zero expands; further, when the AC frequency exceeds 50 kHz, there exists a constant temperature zone near the central region of the silicon rod, and as the frequency of the AC increases, the range of the constant temperature zone gradually expands outward from the center of the silicon rod. The temperature difference inside the silicon rod increases with the reactor wall emissivity.
Microglial CX3CR1 production increases in Alzheimer's disease and is regulated by noradrenaline
Authors: González‐Prieto Marta , Gutiérrez Irene L. , García‐Bueno Borja , Caso Javier R. , Leza Juan C. , Ortega‐Hernández Adriana , Gómez‐Garre Dulcenombre , Madrigal José L. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe loss of noradrenergic neurons and subsequent reduction of brain noradrenaline (NA) levels are associated with the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This seems to be due mainly to the ability of NA to reduce the activation of microglial cells. We previously observed that NA induces the production of the chemokine Fractalkine/CX3CL1 in neurons. The activation of microglial CX3CR1, sole receptor for CX3CL1, reduces the activation of microglia, which is known to largely contribute to the neuronal damage characteristic of AD. Therefore, alterations of CX3CR1 production in microglia could translate into the enhancement or inhibition of CX3CL1 anti‐inflammatory effects. In order to determine if microglial CX3CR1 production is altered in AD and if NA can control it, CX3CR1 expression and synthesis were analyzed in 5xFAD mice and human AD brain samples. In addition, the effects of NA and its reuptake inhibitor reboxetine were analyzed in microglial cultures and mice respectively. Our results indicate that in AD CX3CR1 production is increased in the brain cortex and that reboxetine administration further increases it and enhances microglial reactivity toward amyloid beta plaques. However, direct administration of NA to primary rat microglia or human HMC3 cells inhibits CX3CR1 production, suggesting that microglia responses to NA may be altered in the absence of CX3CL1‐producing neurons or other nonmicroglial external factors.
Effect of biological treatments on psychotic symptoms in lewy body disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ford Andrew , Almeida Osvaldo P. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesParkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies (collectively termed Lewy body disease) are common neurodegenerative conditions of later life and are frequently associated with distressing psychotic symptoms. The best approach to manage these symptoms is yet to be established and current treatments carry the risk of serious adverse effects.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of 19 randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of biological treatments for psychotic symptoms in Lewy body disease.ResultsThe summary effect estimate did not show a statistically significant benefit of biological treatments for psychotic symptoms in Lewy body disease (SMD −0.48, 95%CI −1.01 to 0.04). This was irrespective of the choice of intervention (SMD −0.53, 95%CI −1.20 to 0.14 for antipsychotic trials) or disease status (SMD −0.59, 95%CI −1.24 to 0.05 for trials of Parkinson disease). There was a significant effect for biological treatments compared with placebo in trials that lasted at least 6 weeks (SMD −0.25, 95%CI −0.43 to −0.08) and those with sample sizes greater than 100 participants (SMD of −0.28 95%CI −0.45 to −0.11).ConclusionsIn this systematic review and meta‐analysis, treatment of psychotic symptoms by biological means did not improve symptoms compared with placebo. Small sample sizes, modest treatment durations, and other methodological differences across the trials do make it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Longer, adequately powered trials utilizing established and novel treatments are needed to provide more definitive evidence to guide clinicians in the best choice of agent to treat these distressing and often persistent symptoms.
Actions of viscous dissipation and Ohmic heating on bidirectional flow of a magneto‐Prandtl nanofluid with prescribed heat and mass fluxes
Authors: Javed Tariq , Faisal Muhammad , Ahmad Iftikhar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present contribution determines the impacts of viscous dissipation and Ohmic heating with magnetic coating on Prandtl nanofluid flow driven by an unsteady bidirectionally moveable surface. Random motion of nanoparticles and thermophoretic diffusion are elaborated through a two‐phase nanofluid model. The novelty of the investigation is fortified by prescribed heat flux and prescribed mass flux mechanisms. The appropriate combination of variables leads to a system of strong nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The formulated nonlinear system is then tackled by an efficient numerical scheme, namely, the Keller–Box method. Nanoliquid‐temperature and mass‐concentration distributions are conferred through various plots with the impacts of miscellaneous‐arising parameters. The rates of heat and mass transferences are also discussed through tables. The thermal states of the nanomaterial and mass concentration are reduced for incremental amounts of the unsteady factor, ratio parameter, elastic parameter, and Prandtl fluid parameter. Moreover, escalating amounts of the Brownian parameter, Eckert number, magnetic factor, and thermophoresis parameter enhances the temperature of the nanoliquid. An error analysis is also presented to predict the efficiency of the method used for the computational work.
Modeling and computational fluid dynamic analysis on a non‐AC bus coach system
Authors: Shravanabelagola Jinachandra Niranjana , Sadashivappa Kubsad Shivalingappa , Sarpabhushana Manjunath , Siddaramaiah Shivakumar , Rajashekaraiah Thejaraju 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to reduce the drag force and enhance the uniform airflow inside an existing non‐air‐conditioning bus coach system. The redesigning of an existing bus carried out by considering the forces that reduce the moment of the bus. Modeling and meshing was carried out using solid works and Hypermesh software, respectively. Finally, the problem is simulated using Ansys fluent software and analysis is carried out for different bus models. The noteworthy findings state that the air resistance of the vehicle is found to be 812.74 N and coefficient of drag is 0.67 are less as compared to existing bus model.
Estimating the direct effect of human papillomavirus vaccination on the lifetime risk of screen‐detected cervical precancer
Authors: Inturrisi Federica , Lissenberg‐Witte Birgit I. , Veldhuijzen Nienke J. , Bogaards Johannes A. , Ronco Guglielmo , Meijer Chris J. L. M. , Berkhof Johannes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBirth cohorts vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV) are now entering cervical cancer screening. Assessment of (pre)cancer (CIN3+) risk is needed to assess the residual screening need in vaccinated women. We estimated the lifetime (screen‐detected) CIN3+ risk under five‐yearly primary HPV screening between age 30 and 60, using HPV genotyping and histology data of 21,287 women participating in a screening trial with two HPV‐based screening rounds, 5 years apart. The maximum follow‐up after an HPV‐positive test was 9 years. We re‐estimated the CIN3+ risk after projecting direct vaccine efficacy for the bivalent and the nonavalent HPV vaccines, assuming life‐long protection. The lifetime CIN3+ risk was 4.1% (95% confidence interval 3.5‐4.9) and declined by 53.5% and 70.5% after bivalent vaccination without and with cross‐protection, respectively, translating into a residual lifetime CIN3+ risk of 1.9% (1.4‐2.4) and 1.2% (0.9‐1.5). The CIN3+ risk declined by 88.5% after nonavalent vaccination, translating into a residual lifetime CIN3+ risk of 0.5% (0.2‐0.7). The latter risk increased to 1.6% when vaccine protection only lasted until the first screening round at age 30. Among HPV‐positive women with abnormal adjunct cytology, the nine‐year CIN3+ risk was 16.9% (8.7‐32.4) after nonavalent vaccination. In conclusion, HPV vaccination will lead to a strong decline in the lifetime CIN3+ risk and the remaining absolute CIN3+ risk will be very low. Primary HPV testing combined with adjunct cytology at five‐year intervals still seems feasible even after nonavalent vaccination, although unlikely to be cost‐effective. Our results support a de‐intensification of screening programs in settings with high vaccination coverage.
Incorporating asset price stability in the European Central Bank's inflation targeting framework
Authors: Shah Imran H. , Sosvilla‐Rivero Simón 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe propose a new flexible inflation targeting index, the economic stability index (ESI), that could enable the European Central Bank (ECB) to implement more effective monetary policy for the euro area (EA). This index incorporates separately weighed house prices and stock prices. Furthermore, by weighting the housing sector in both normal and bubble events, it enhances the forecasting ability and accuracy of this new index. We demonstrate the resilience of this index using a range of robustness checks with multiple empirical methods. Our index that is equipped with these forward‐looking variables enhances the ability to sense potential economic risks, whilst improving price stability and minimizing the output gap variance. This broader index may assist the ECB in addressing the challenges of the long‐term decline of neutral interest rates in many EA economies and the weakening of the inflation/unemployment relationship under the Philips curve. The complexity of the ECB relationship with different fiscal authorities prevents any changes without significant structural variance. The ECB, however, can use a stabilization tool with enhanced foreseeability such as this ESI to improve stability without making significant structural changes.
A fuzzy logic‐based meningioma tumor detection in magnetic resonance brain images using CANFIS and U‐Net CNN classification
Authors: Ragupathy Balakumaresan , Karunakaran Manivannan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article develops a methodology for meningioma brain tumor detection process using fuzzy logic based enhancement and co‐active adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system and U‐Net convolutional neural network classification methods. The proposed meningioma tumor detection process consists of the following stages as, enhancement, feature extraction, and classifications. The enhancement of the source brain image is done using fuzzy logic and then dual tree‐complex wavelet transform is applied to this enhanced image at different levels of scale. The features are computed from the decomposed sub band images and these features are further classified using CANFIS classification method which identifies the meningioma brain image from nonmeningioma brain image. The performance of the proposed meningioma brain tumor detection and segmentation system is analyzed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, segmentation accuracy, and Dice coefficient index with detection rate.