bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet and risk of visual impairment: a review of dietary factors and risk of common causes of visual impairment
Authors: Broadhead Geoffrey K , Hong Thomas , Bahrami Bobak , Flood Victoria , Liew Gerald , Chang Andrew A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, and glaucoma remain the leading causes of visual impairment in developed nations, resulting in a substantial treatment burden on sufferers and health care systems. Despite significant advances in diagnostic testing and therapeutics, population-based strategies to reduce the burden of these diseases remain limited. However, there is some evidence that these diseases may share overlapping risk factors, particularly in regard to dietary intake and antioxidant status, and it is thus possible that dietary modification may reduce both the prevalence and severity of these conditions. In particular, dietary intake of green leafy vegetables, hyperglycemia/glycemia index, and omega-3 fatty acid intake, as well as overall dietary patterns, may affect risk of one or more of these conditions. In this review, we analyse the evidence for dietary intake and the association with these conditions, and provide insights into possible modifications that may thus simultaneously reduce the risk of visual impairment from multiple causes, including improving dietary intake of green leafy vegetables and reducing dietary glycemic index, both of which have been associated with a decreased risk of multiple causes of visual impairment.
Hydrogen recombination near-infrared line mapping of Centaurus A with IRSF/SIRIUS
Authors: Katayama Risako , Kaneda Hidehiro , Kokusho Takuma , Morihana Kumiko , Suzuki Toyoaki , Oyabu Shinki , Yamagishi Mitsuyoshi , Tsuchikawa Takuro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Centaurus A (Cen A) is one of the most famous galaxies hosting an active galactic nucleus (AGN), where the interaction between AGN activities and surrounding interstellar and intergalactic media has been investigated. Recent studies reported detections of Hα emission from clouds in the galactic halo toward the northeast and southwest of the nucleus of Cen A, suggesting that AGN jets may have triggered star formation there. We performed near-infrared line mapping of Cen A with the IRSF 1.4 m telescope, using the narrow-band filter tuned for Paβ, from which we find that Paβ emission is not detected significantly from either of the northeast or southwest regions. The upper limit of the Paβ/Hα ratio in the northeast region is compatible with that expected for a typical H ii region, in line with the scenario that AGNs have triggered star formation there. On the other hand, the upper limit of Paβ/Hα in the southwest region is significantly lower than that expected for a typical H ii region. A possible explanation of the low Paβ/Hα ratio in the southwest region is the scattering of Hα and Paβ photons from the center of Cen A by dust grains in the halo clouds. From the upper limit of Paβ/Hα in the southwest region, we obtain constraints on the dust size distribution, which is found to be compatible with those seen in the interstellar medium of our Galaxy.
Cardiometabolic risk factors associated with educational level in older people: comparison between Norway and Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues J A L , Stenvold D , Almeida M L , Sobrinho A C S , Rodrigues G S , Júnior C R Bueno 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe non-communicable diseases are the major causes of death both worldwide and in high-income countries such as Norway. Understanding whether policy programs affect the health of older adults, especially considering different realities, is crucial. We aimed to analyse cardiometabolic risk factors associated with educational level in elderly people from Norway and Brazil.MethodsA total of 555 elderly people recruited from Trondheim, Norway (n = 310, age 70.7 ± 0.8 years, body mass index (BMI) 26.2 ± 3.9 kg/m2) and from Ribeirao Preto, Brazil (n = 245, age 64.1 ± 8.1 years, BMI 28.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2). All analyses were adjusted for age and sex, considering country as an independent variable. The significance level considered was P &lt; 0.05.ResultsBrazilian people presented a higher incidence of overweight and higher waist circumference (WC) compared to Norwegian (28.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2 and 97.0 ± 14.7 cm versus 26.4 ± 3.9 kg/m2 and 92.1 ± 11.2 cm, respectively). When classified by education level, Brazilians presented higher values for BMI, WC and triglycerides (TG) than Norwegians with the same level of education (incomplete higher education), while Norwegians presented higher values for systolic blood pressure (SBP), cholesterol total (CT), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and handgrip strength.ConclusionsBoth nationalities presented important cardiometabolic risk factors. However, when considering a low level of education, the Brazilian elderly people presented more cardiometabolic risk factors than Norwegians.
ON THE MORITA REDUCED VERSIONS OF SKEW GROUP ALGEBRAS OF PATH ALGEBRAS
Authors: Le Meur Patrick 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLet $R$ be the skew group algebra of a finite group acting on the path algebra of a quiver. This article develops both theoretical and practical methods to do computations in the Morita-reduced algebra associated to $R$. Reiten and Riedtmann proved that there exists an idempotent $e$ of $R$ such that the algebra $eRe$ is both Morita equivalent to $R$ and isomorphic to the path algebra of some quiver, which was described by Demonet. This article gives explicit formulas for the decomposition of any element of $eRe$ as a linear combination of paths in the quiver described by Demonet. This is done by expressing appropriate compositions and pairings in a suitable monoidal category, which takes into account the representation theory of the finite group.
Tokenomics: Dynamic Adoption and Valuation
Authors: Cong Lin William , Li Ye , Wang Neng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We develop a dynamic asset pricing model of cryptocurrencies/tokens that allow users to conduct peer-to-peer transactions on digital platforms. The equilibrium price of tokens is determined by aggregating heterogeneous users’ transactional demand, rather than discounting cash flows as is done in standard valuations models. Endogenous platform adoption builds on user network externality and exhibits an $S$-curve: it starts slow, becomes volatile, and eventually tapers off. The introduction of tokens lowers users’ transaction costs on the platform by allowing users to capitalize on platform growth. The resultant intertemporal feedback between user adoption and token price accelerates adoption and dampens user-base volatility.
Discharge and Readmission to the Pediatric Cardiac ICU in Pediatric Patients With Durable Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Chacko Jacob J. , Pidborochynski Tara , Buchholz Holger , Freed Darren H. , Al-Aklabi Mohammed , Anand Vijay , Holinski Paula , Conway Jennifer 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
Pediatric patients implanted with a durable ventricular assist device are initially managed in the pediatric cardiac ICU but are eligible for discharge to the ward. Our objectives were to characterize discharge and readmission of ventricular assist device patients to the pediatric cardiac ICU, identify risk factors for readmission, and determine whether discharge or readmission is associated with mortality.

Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
Stollery Children’s Hospital.

Patients:
Patients implanted with a durable ventricular assist device at less than 18 years old between 2005 and 2016.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
There were 44 patients who underwent ventricular assist device implantation at a median age of 3.7 years (interquartile range, 0.6–9.0 yr), with the most common etiology being noncongenital heart disease (76.7%). Median time of total ventricular assist device support was 110.0 days (interquartile range, 42.3–212.3 d) with the median index pediatric cardiac ICU stay being 34.0 days (interquartile range, 19.8–81.0 d). Thirty patients (68.0%) were discharged to the ward with 18 (60.0%) having at least one readmission. The median time to first readmission was 18.0 days (interquartile range, 14.8–109.8 d) with a median of two readmissions per patient (interquartile range, 1.0–3.0). The most common reason for readmission was pump thrombosis (30.4%), followed by neurologic dysfunction (23.9%). There were no statistically significant pre- or post-implant factors associated with readmission, and readmission was not associated with mortality (p = 0.600). Univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that use of pre-implant extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, post-implant continuous renal replacement therapy, as well as failure to be discharged from the index pediatric cardiac ICU stay were associated with mortality.

Conclusions:
Readmissions to the pediatric cardiac ICU occurred in 60.0% of pediatric patients on durable ventricular assist devices with the first readmission occurring within a month of discharge from the index pediatric cardiac ICU stay. While readmission was not associated with mortality, lack of discharge from index pediatric cardiac ICU stay was likely due to a worse pre-implant clinical status.
Eliminating Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in a Pediatric Cardiac ICU
Authors: Bigelow Amee M. , Koh Wonshill , Kinstler Angela , Conn Sandy M. , Geiser Lyndsey , Wright Carvey C. , LaMantia Susan P. , France Ashton , Cooper David S. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
To eliminate catheter-associated urinary tract infections in a pediatric cardiac ICU.

Design:
Quality improvement methodology.

Setting:
Twenty-five bed cardiac ICU in a quaternary freestanding children’s hospital.

Patients:
All patients with an indwelling urinary catheter admitted to the cardiac ICU.

Interventions:
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection was defined according to National Healthcare Safety Network criteria. Failure modes and effects analysis and Pareto charts were used to determine etiology of process failures. We implemented a team-based multi-interventional approach in 2012 using the Model for Improvement, which included as follows: 1) establish indications for inserting and/or maintaining bladder catheterization, 2) standardization of maintenance care for the indwelling urinary catheters, 3) protocol for management of the leaking urinary catheters, 4) incorporation of urinary catheter days and prompts for removal in daily rounds, and 5) review of all cases of prolonged indwelling urinary catheter use (> 3 d). Process control charts were used to evaluate change.

Measurements and Main Results:
From 2011 to 2018, we showed an early and sustained improvement in catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention standards compliance from 44% to 96% (52% improvement). These interventions showed a reduction and then elimination of catheter-associated urinary tract infections from January 2012 to the present day, despite fluctuations in total indwelling urinary catheter days.

Conclusions:
Utilization of quality improvement methodology allowed us to identify components of care that contributed to catheter-associated urinary tract infections. After addressing these issues, we noted a substantial reduction and then elimination of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in our pediatric cardiac ICU. Widely disseminating these interventions across multiple pediatric hospitals to determine the ability to achieve similar results are important next steps.
Treatment of Divided Eyelid Nevus With Orbicularis Oculi Myocutaneous Flap
Authors: Liu Jian , Sun Jiaming , Wang Zhenxing , Guo Liang , Guo Nengqiang 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundDivided eyelid nevus is a rare congenital dermatological abnormality associated with several functional and aesthetic problems. Reconstruction of periorbital defects after resection of the lesions has been an intractable challenge. Also, plastic surgeons are still in the exploration stage regarding the treatment of this disease, because the knowledge about it has only been derived from random case reports and series.ObjectiveTo evaluate the postoperative effect of advanced orbicularis oculi myocutaneous (OOMC) flap for the treatment of divided eyelid nevus and present our experiences using this technique in our department.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on 17 patients who had undergone treatment of divided eyelid nevus with OOMC flap between December 2012 and January 2018. All patients were treated with advanced OOMC flap. In some cases, flap thinning surgery and/or blepharoplasty was performed in the second stage for symmetry and aesthetic purposes.ResultsSeventeen patients, aged between 1 and 33 years, were operated. During a follow-up period ranging from 10 to 80 months, all the flaps were viable, and no serious complications were recorded except for partial cilia loss in 6 cases. Four cases developed slightly bloated flap, but after surgical revision by performing flap thinning surgery or/and blepharoplasty in the second stage, they achieved an even better aesthetic reconstruction. Except for the above 4 cases, the other patients stated that no further revision was needed.ConclusionsThe OOMC flap is an excellent method for the treatment of divided eyelid nevus, resulting in high functional and aesthetic reconstruction. In some cases, blepharoplasty can be performed in the second stage, which improves the aesthetic outcomes.
Market structure, institutional quality and bank capital ratios: evidence from developing countries
Authors: Etudaiye-Muhtar Oyebola Fatima , Abdul-Baki Zayyad 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis paper investigates the role of market structure and institutional quality in determining bank capital ratios in developing economies.Design/methodology/approachThe generalised methods of moment technique is used to control for auto-correlation and endogeneity in a sample of 79 publicly listed commercial banks. The study period is between 2000 and 2016.FindingsResults show that market structure (proxied with bank competition) as well as institutional quality (regulatory quality) lowers bank capital in the sampled banks. This suggests that banks operating in less competitive markets with good regulatory quality do not need to engage in excessive risk-taking activities that would necessitate holding increased level of capital. Furthermore, the interaction of competition and regulatory quality reinforces the main findings, suggesting the importance of the two variables in determining bank capital ratio.Research limitations/implicationsResearch has limitation in that the study investigated publicly listed commercial banks, the findings may not be applicable to non-listed banks.Practical implicationsTaking into cognisance the developing nature of the banking system in Africa, the findings from this study imply that the maintenance of an improved regulatory quality in an environment where healthy competition exists would encourage banks to hold capital ratios appropriate for their level of banking activities, that is, the banks would not engage in excessive risk-taking activities.Originality/valueThis is one of the first papers that examine the effect of market structure and institutional quality on bank capital ratios in developing countries that have bank-based financial systems.
Challenges of identifying and monitoring politically exposed persons (PEPs) in Latin America
Authors: Clavijo Suntura Joel Harry , Rosero Rosero Piedad Maribel , Aragón Cuamacás Gloria Esperanza 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze politically exposed persons (PEPs) according to Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Recommendations and assess the identification process followed by financial institutions to create a harmonized regional model for PEPs identification in Latin America.

Design/methodology/approach
FATF Recommendation No.12 states that financial institutions should identify PEPs. To do so, the latter uses either an internal identification system or an external database. Within this framework, the purpose of the research work is to determine whether the procedure adopted by the regulated entities complies with the requirements of the regulations. Both analytical and interpretative methods have been used for this purpose.

Findings
In accordance with FATF Recommendation No.12, national and foreign PEPs, as well as officials of relevant international organizations, close relatives and closest associates must be identified. This wide range of people forms an hybrid type of PEPs. Because of the lack of a harmonized identification policy, it is likely that some people who meet these conditions may not be spotted.

Originality/value
PEPs control success relies on accurate and prompt identification. Therefore, it is crucial to create an inter-state model of harmonized identification at a regional level in Latin America. It includes not only the participation of the obligated subjects but also the sector entities associated to the concerned economic activity.
The general peer: the public sphere in the age of profilicity (profile-based identity)
Authors: Moeller Hans-Georg 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to outline the concept of the general peer in detail and to show its relation to the relevant social theories by Niklas Luhmann and Jürgen Habermas. It also aims at illustrating the concept with concrete examples from the academic system and the arts/mass media.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper introduces the concept of the “general peer” as an alternative to the concept of the “public sphere.” It situates the concept in the context of the concept of “profilicity” indicating a profile-based mode of identity.

Findings
The paper suggests that the concept of the general peer describes actually existing forms of the public better than the concept of the public sphere. It relates the general peer to second-order observation and functional differentiation prevalent in contemporary society.

Research limitations/implications
The paper suggests that the concept of the general peer denotes a significant element of the constitution of profile-based identity (profilicity) in contemporary society.

Practical implications
The concepts of the general peer and profilicity may be used to conduct empirical research on the constitution of identity and the curation of profiles in various social contexts.

Social implications
The paper can help understanding how to develop and assess profiles and their impact in contemporary social contexts.

Originality/value
The two concepts general peer and profilicity are theoretical innovations.
Understanding and managing uncertainty in health care: revisiting and advancing sociological contributions
Authors: Mackintosh Nicola , Armstrong Natalie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this collection we revisit the enduring phenomenon of uncertainty in health care, and demonstrate how it still offers coherence and significance as an analytic concept. Through empirical studies of contemporary examples of health care related uncertainties and their management, our collection explores the different ways in which uncertainty may be articulated, enacted and experienced. The papers address a diverse range of healthcare contexts ‐ Alzheimer’s disease, neonatal surgery, cardiovascular disease prevention, cancer, addiction (use of alcohol and other drugs during pregnancy), mental health/disorders and medical education – and many tackle issues of contemporary relevance, such as an ageing population, and novel medical interventions and their sequelae. These empirical papers are complemented by a further theoretical contribution, which considers the role of ‘implicit normativity’ in masking and containing potential ethical uncertainty. By mapping themes across the collection, in this introduction we present a number of core analytical strands: (1) conceptualising uncertainty; (2) intersections of uncertainty with aspects of care; (3) managing uncertainty; and (4) structural constraints, economic austerity and uncertainty work. We reflect on the methodological and theoretical stances used to think sociologically about uncertainty in health care, and the strengths, silences and gaps we observe in the collection. We conclude by considering the implications of the insights gained for ‘synthesising certainty’ in practice and for future research in this area.
Molecular diversity of Extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Escherichia coli from vultures in Canary Islands
Authors: Carvalho Isabel , Tejedor‐Junco María Teresa , González‐Martín Margarita , Corbera Juan Alberto , Suárez‐Pérez Alejandro , Silva Vanessa , Igrejas Gilberto , Torres Carmen , Poeta Patrícia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance among isolates from wild animals is increasingly reported. Extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Enterobacteriaceae, and particularly Escherichia coli, have spread worldwide as one of the most common multidrug‐resistant organisms. The aim of this study was to determine the carriage rate of ESBL‐producing E. coli isolates and their genetic characteristics in wild vultures from the Canary Islands. Faecal samples were collected from 22 apparently healthy free‐ranging (wild) vulture chicks from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands) during July 2019. They were seeded in MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime (2 μg ml−1). Colonies with typical morphology of E. coli were identified by MALDI‐TOF‐MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by disk diffusion. Phenotypic detection of ESBL was performed by double‐disk tests. The presence of blaCTX‐M, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaKPC and blaOXA‐48 genes, as well as mcr‐1 (colistin resistance), tetA/tetB and int1 gene, was tested by PCR/sequencing. Phylogenetic groups and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were determined by PCR/sequencing. ESBL‐producing E. coli isolates were detected in 5/22 tested animals (22.7%), and all isolates (one/animal) carried blaCTX‐M genes: blaCTX‐M‐15 (n = 3) and blaCTX‐M‐55 (n = 2). ESBL‐positive isolates were ascribed to phylogenetic group D (two isolates), B1 (two isolates) and A (one isolate), and five sequence types were detected (ST/phylogenetic‐group/ESBL): ST515/B1/CTX‐M‐15, ST1290/A/CTX‐M‐15, ST38/D/CTX‐M‐15, ST457/D/CTX‐M‐55 and ST6448/B1/CTX‐M‐55; this suggests a genetic diversity among these isolates. Three CTX‐M‐15‐producing isolates contained the blaTEM gene and one the tetA gene. To our knowledge, this appears to be the first report of ESBL‐producing E. coli in vulture chicks from the Canary Islands.
Effectiveness of stereotactic body radiotherapy for portal vein tumor thrombosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and underlying chronic liver disease
Authors: Choi Hoon Sik , Kang Ki Mun , Jeong Bae Kwon , Jeong Hojin , Lee Yun Hee , Ha In Bong , Song Jin Ho 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimStereotactic‐body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a treatment option for portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we report on our experience of treating PVTT using SBRT in patients with concomitant underlying chronic liver disease.MethodsThis study included 24 patients. The initial prescription dose was 45 Gy in three fractions in 17 (70.8%) patients, but it was modified in the remaining seven (29.2%) patients, with the dose ranging from 39 to 42 Gy in 3‐4 fractions. After SBRT, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was performed in 16 (66.7%) patients.ResultsOf the 24 patients, 2 (8.3%) showed complete response, while 11 (45.8%) showed partial response. After a median follow‐up of 8.4 months (range: 2.6‐56.5 months), the 1‐year overall survival (OS) and the median survival were 67.5% and 20.8 months, respectively. Both combined SBRT and TACE and grade ≥3 hepatic toxicity affected the 1‐year OS (SBRT alone vs SBRT + TACE: 14.6% vs 71.4%, P < .001; presence of hepatic toxicity vs absence: 0% vs 81.1%, P = .002).ConclusionsOverall, SBRT, especially in combination with TACE, is an effective treatment for patients with HCC and PVTT. An optimal dose schedule must be followed to reduce hepatic toxicity while maintaining tumor response.