bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting quantiles of water quality from catchment characteristics
Authors: Guo Danlu , Liu Shuci , Singh Dhananjay , Western Andrew W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWater quality is often highly variable both in space and time, which poses challenges for modelling the more extreme concentrations. This study developed an alternative approach to predicting water quality quantiles at individual locations. We focused on river water quality data that were collected over 25 years, at 102 catchments across the State of Victoria, Australia. We analysed and modelled spatial patterns of the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of the concentrations of sediments, nutrients and salt, with six common constituents: total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), filterable reactive phosphorus (FRP), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrate‐nitrite (NOx), and electrical conductivity (EC). To predict the spatial variation of each quantile for each constituent, we developed statistical regression models and exhaustively searched through 50 catchment characteristics to identify the best set of predictors for that quantile. The models predict the spatial variation in individual quantiles of TSS, TKN and EC well (66%–96% spatial variation explained), while those for TP, FRP and NOx have lower performance (37%–73% spatial variation explained). The most common factors that influence the spatial variations of the different constituents and quantiles are: annual temperature, percentage of cropping land area in catchment and channel slope. The statistical models developed can be used to predict how low‐ and high‐concentration quantiles change with landscape characteristics, and thus provide a useful tool for catchment managers to inform planning and policy making with changing climate and land use conditions.
The Interaction of Lean Body Mass With Fat Body Mass Is Associated With Vertebral Fracture Prevalence in Women With Early Breast Cancer Undergoing Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Monteverdi Sara , Pedersini Rebecca , Gallo Fabio , Maffezzoni Filippo , Dalla Volta Alberto , Di Mauro Pierluigi , Turla Antonella , Vassalli Lucia , Ardine Mara , Formenti Anna Maria , Simoncini Edda Lucia , Giustina Andrea , Maroldi Roberto , Amoroso Vito , Berruti Alfredo 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTAromatase inhibitors (AIs) induce depletion of estrogen levels, causing bone loss and increased fracture risk in women with breast cancer. High‐fat body mass (FBM) emerged as an independent factor associated with the prevalence of morphometric vertebral fractures (VFs) in patients undergoing AIs. We explored the role of lean body mass (LBM) and the interaction of LBM with FBM in predicting the occurrence of VFs in postmenopausal women who were either AI‐naïve or AI‐treated. A total of 684 consecutive breast cancer patients were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Each woman underwent a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, measuring bone mineral density (BMD), LBM, and FBM; VFs were assessed using a quantitative morphometric analysis of DXA images. After propensity score matching, the study population was restricted to 480 women, 240 AI‐naïve and 240 AI‐treated. We used multivariable logistic regression models to explore the associations between baseline characteristics, VF prevalence and the interaction between LBM, FBM and AI therapy. No interaction between LBM and AI therapy on VF prevalence was shown. Conversely, we reported a significant interaction between LBM, FBM and AI therapy (p = .0311). Among AI‐treated women having LBM below and FBM above or equal the median value, VF prevalence was numerically higher (15/31; 48.4%) than in other subgroups (VF prevalence: 35.7% in high‐LBM and low‐FBM group, 23.2% in high‐LBM and high‐FBM group, and 19.8% in low‐LBM and low‐FBM group). Among AI‐naïve women, the greatest VF proportion was observed in the subgroup with LBM and FBM below median value (25/92; 27.2%). This study suggests a synergism between LBM and FBM in predicting the morphometric VF in women with early breast cancer undergoing AIs. This observation is new and deserves further investigation. The assessment of body composition by DXA might be useful when estimating fracture risk in this population. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Positive effects of ultrasound‐guided peripheral IV insertion on pediatric sickle cell anemia/thalassemia patients receiving automated red cell exchange procedures or chronic transfusion therapy
Authors: Mahon Paula , Grouchy Kathy , McCartney Heather , Douglas Kate , Wu John K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral vascular access and venipuncture are major causes of distress and anxiety for children and their parents. This is especially difficult for patients with hemoglobinopathies (thalassemia major and sickle cell disease) who require chronic blood transfusions. These patients require peripheral venous access for regular blood transfusions and (in the case of sickle cell disease) for automated red cell exchange procedures. Peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheters are much preferred to central venous lines as they carry far fewer risks. However, when patients experience multiple unsuccessful attempts to initiate a PIV, it can be traumatizing and cause anxiety for future visits. Establishing therapeutic trust and ensuring a smooth experience are of paramount importance for these chronic patients who require regular blood transfusions.AimThe purpose of this study was to determine whether ultrasound‐guided PIV insertion decreases PIV‐associated pain and anxiety, and whether the number of attempts and amount of time spent accessing PIVs in children with difficult peripheral intravenous (DPIV) access is reduced.Materials and MethodsThis was a pilot study with both retrospective and prospective components. Hemoglobinopathies are relatively rare in our population and our study cohort was small (N = 18).ResultsWe identified four DPIV access patients. We recorded each time these patients had a PIV inserted as an encounter.Discussion/ConclusionWe found that while there was a small amount of time gained by using ultrasound‐guided PIV insertion, patient and parent satisfaction was significantly improved.
Light‐triggered Janus nanomotor for targeting and photothermal lysis of pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Loukanov Alexandre 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe rapid photothermal lysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 treated with light‐triggered Janus nanomotors was visualized by Hilbert differential contrast transmission electron microscopy (HDC‐TEM). The extraordinary advantage of this high‐resolution microscopic technique was that it revealed the detailed ultrastructure alterations of the treated cells at a state close to their native one. The micrographs demonstrated that Janus nanomotors (mesoporous silica nanoparticles with gold hemisphere and half‐capped with cysteamine) were able to target and bind to the pathogenic E. coli. The biorecognition reaction proceeded at slightly acid pH thankful to the formed electrostatic adhesion between positively charged amino groups on nanoparticles surface and the negatively charged cell envelope. The exposure of labeled cells to near infrared laser irradiation leaded to occurrence of effective photothermal damage of their plasma membranes, which was enough strong to lyse bacteria. It was because of the overheating obtained by the photon‐to‐thermal conversion reaction generated by the surface plasmon resonance response of Janus nanomotors. The good efficiency of photothermal lysis to inactivate E. coli O157:H7 was confirmed by staining with LIVE/DEAD viability kit and quantification of the few survived cells in epifluorescence microscope. Furthermore, HDC‐TEM images of ice‐embedded inhibited bacteria documented the labeling, membrane disruptions and lysis due to the designed operation of Janus nanomotors. The reported microscopic technique provides a novel strategy for developing of Janus nanomachines as promising platform for nondrug treatment and defeating of antibiotic‐resistant pathogenic microorganisms.
Fluorinated hydrazonoyl chlorides as precursors for synthesis of antimicrobial azoles
Authors: Al‐Hussain Sami A. , Alshehrei Fatimah , Zaki Magdi E. A. , Harras Marwa F. , Farghaly Thoraya A. , Muhammad Zeinab A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHydrazonoyl halides have been known for their ability to react with different reagents to afford wide range of bioactive heterocyclic systems as thiazoles and imidazopyrazoles. This research work focused on the synthesis of two new fluorinated hydrazonoyl chlorides and used them in synthesis of novel series of thiazole derivatives and two imidazopyrazole systems. The mechanistic pathways and the structures of all synthesized derivatives were discussed and assured based on the available spectral data. The results of antimicrobial activity of the tested thiazoles and imidazopyrazoles showed that some derivatives have moderate to no activity against tested fungi and bacteria strains. Only one derivative namely 2‐(2‐(3‐fluoro‐4‐methylphenyl)hydrazono)‐7‐(2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)‐2,7‐dihydro‐3H‐imidazo[1,2‐b]pyrazole‐3,6(5H)‐dione is the most active against Candida albicans (CA) with IZD = 20 mm, which was equipotent to ketoconazole. Furthermore, docking simulation was carried out to predict the binding pattern of the new compounds in the ATP binding site of the DNA gyrase B enzyme. The results of the docking simulation revealed that compounds 9a‐e, 12, and 13a,b fit well in the ATP binding site of DNA gyrase B with docking score values ranging from −5.883 to −6.833 kcal/mol.
Retention in care and viral suppression in differentiated service delivery models for HIV treatment delivery in sub‐Saharan Africa: a rapid systematic review
Authors: Long Lawrence , Kuchukhidze Salome , Pascoe Sophie , Nichols Brooke E , Fox Matthew P , Cele Refiloe , Govathson Caroline , Huber Amy N , Flynn David , Rosen Sydney 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionDifferentiated service delivery (DSD) models for antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV are being scaled up in the expectation that they will better meet the needs of patients, improve the quality and efficiency of treatment delivery and reduce costs while maintaining at least equivalent clinical outcomes. We reviewed the recent literature on DSD models to describe what is known about clinical outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a rapid systematic review of peer‐reviewed publications in PubMed, Embase and the Web of Science and major international conference abstracts that reported outcomes of DSD models for the provision of ART in sub‐Saharan Africa from January 1, 2016 to September 12, 2019. Sources reporting standard clinical HIV treatment metrics, primarily retention in care and viral load suppression, were reviewed and categorized by DSD model and source quality assessed.Results and discussionTwenty‐nine papers and abstracts describing 37 DSD models and reporting 52 discrete outcomes met search inclusion criteria. Of the 37 models, 7 (19%) were facility‐based individual models, 12 (32%) out‐of‐facility‐based individual models, 5 (14%) client‐led groups and 13 (35%) healthcare worker‐led groups. Retention was reported for 29 (78%) of the models and viral suppression for 22 (59%). Where a comparison with conventional care was provided, retention in most DSD models was within 5% of that for conventional care; where no comparison was provided, retention generally exceeded 80% (range 47% to 100%). For viral suppression, all those with a comparison to conventional care reported a small increase in suppression in the DSD model; reported suppression exceeded 90% (range 77% to 98%) in 11/21 models. Analysis was limited by the extensive heterogeneity of study designs, outcomes, models and populations. Most sources did not provide comparisons with conventional care, and metrics for assessing outcomes varied widely and were in many cases poorly defined.ConclusionsExisting evidence on the clinical outcomes of DSD models for HIV treatment in sub‐Saharan Africa is limited in both quantity and quality but suggests that retention in care and viral suppression are roughly equivalent to those in conventional models of care.
Flow Volume Loop and Regional Ventilation Assessment Using Phase‐Resolved Functional Lung (PREFUL) MRI: Comparison With 129Xenon Ventilation MRI and Lung Function Testing
Authors: Kaireit Till F , Kern Agilo , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Pöhler Gesa H , Klimes Filip , Behrendt Lea , Gutberlet Marcel , Moher‐Alsady Tawfik , Dittrich Anna‐Maria , Wacker Frank , Hohlfeld Jens , Vogel‐Claussen Jens 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundRegional flow volume loop ventilation‐weighted noncontrast‐enhanced proton lung MRI in free breathing has emerged as a novel technique for assessment of regional lung ventilation, but has yet not been validated with 129Xenon MRI (129Xe‐MRI), a direct visualization of ventilation in healthy volunteers, cystic fibrosis (CF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.PurposeTo compare regional ventilation and regional flow volume loops measured by noncontrast‐enhanced ventilation‐weighted phase‐resolved functional lung MRI (PREFUL‐MRI) with 129Xe‐MRI ventilation imaging and with lung function test parameters.Study TypeRetrospective study.PopulationTwenty patients with COPD, eight patients with CF, and six healthy volunteers.Field Strength/SequencePREFUL and 129Xe‐MRI gradient echo sequences were acquired at 1.5T.AssessmentCoronal slices of PREFUL‐MRI (free breathing) and 129Xe‐MRI (single breath‐hold) were acquired on the same day, matched by their ventrodorsal position and coregistered for evaluation. Ventilation defect percentage (VDP) was calculated based on regional ventilation (RV), regional flow volume loops (RFVL), or 129Xe‐MRI with two different threshold methods. A combined VDP was calculated for RV and RFVL. Additionally, lung function testing was performed (such as the forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]) was used.Statistical TestsThe obtained parameters were compared using Wilcoxon tests, correlated using Spearman's correlation coefficient (r), and agreement between PREFUL and 129Xe‐MRI parameters was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis and Dice coefficients.ResultsVDP measured by PREFUL and 129Xe were significantly correlated with both thresholding techniques (r = 0.62–0.69, P < 0.05 for all) and with lung function test parameters. Combined RV and RFVL PREFUL defect maps correlated with lung function testing (eg, with FEV1 r = –0.87 P < 0.05), and showed better regional agreement to 129Xe‐MRI ventilation defects (Dice coefficient defect 0.413) with significantly higher VDP values (10.2 ± 27.3, P = 0.04) than either PREFUL defect map alone.Data ConclusionCombined RV and RFVL PREFUL defect maps likely increase sensitivity to mild airway obstruction with increased VDP values compared to 129Xe‐MRI, and correlate strongly with lung function test parameters.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2
The clinically used serine protease inhibitor nafamostat reduces influenza virus replication and cytokine production in human airway epithelial cells and viral replication in mice
Authors: Yamaya Mutsuo , Shimotai Yoshitaka , Ohkawara Ayako , Bazarragchaa Enkhbold , Okamatsu Masatoshi , Sakoda Yoshihiro , Kida Hiroshi , Nishimura Hidekazu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effects of the clinically used protease inhibitor nafamostat on influenza virus replication have not been well studied. Primary human tracheal (HTE) and nasal (HNE) epithelial cells were pretreated with nafamostat and infected with the 2009 pandemic [A/Sendai‐H/108/2009/(H1N1) pdm09] or seasonal [A/New York/55/2004(H3N2)] influenza virus. Pretreatment with nafamostat reduced the titers of the pandemic and seasonal influenza viruses and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α, in the supernatants of the cells infected with the pandemic influenza virus. HTE and HNE cells exhibited mRNA and/or protein expression of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), TMPRSS4, and TMPRSS11D. Pretreatment with nafamostat reduced cleavage of the precursor protein HA0 of the pandemic influenza virus into subunit HA1 in HTE cells and reduced the number of acidic endosomes in HTE and HNE cells where influenza virus RNA enters the cytoplasm. Additionally, nafamostat (30 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal administration) reduced the levels of the pandemic influenza virus [A/Hyogo/YS/2011 (H1N1) pdm09] in mouse lung washes. These findings suggest that nafamostat may inhibit influenza virus replication in human airway epithelial cells and mouse lungs and reduce infection‐induced airway inflammation by modulating cytokine production.
A cross‐level model of shared leadership, meaning, and individual creativity
Authors: Liang Bingqian , van Knippenberg Daan , Gu Qinxuan 
Published: November 2020

SummaryResearch on leadership and creativity is dominated by the study of leadership from people in formal leadership positions. The very nature of creativity requires self‐direction, however. This points to shared leadership, a process in which members dynamically share the leadership role, as a particularly relevant influence to consider. Drawing on psychological empowerment theory, we develop the shared leadership perspective on individual creativity. We argue that shared leadership has a cross‐level influence on individual creativity that is mediated by the experience of meaning of work and moderated by individual differences in power distance value: for individuals lower on power distance, shared leadership has a positive linear relationship with individual creativity; for individuals higher on power distance, shared leadership has a curvilinear relationship with individual creativity that is decreasingly positive. Using a sample of 623 members from 95 teams in 34 Chinese organizations, we find support for this multilevel model. Findings offer theoretical implications for shared leadership and creativity research and provide managerial implications.
Texture analysis in the classification of T2‐weighted magnetic resonance images in persons with and without low back pain
Authors: Abdollah Vahid , Parent Eric C. , Dolatabadi Samin , Marr Erica , Croutze Roger , Wachowicz Keith , Kawchuk Greg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging findings often do not distinguish between people with and without low back pain (LBP). However, there are still a large number of people who undergo magnetic resonance imaging to help determine the etiology of their back pain. Texture analysis shows promise for the classification of tissues that look similar, and machine learning can minimize the number of comparisons. This study aimed to determine if texture features from lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging differ between people with and without LBP. In total, 14 participants with chronic LBP were matched for age, weight, and gender with 14 healthy volunteers. A custom texture analysis software was used to construct a gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix with one to four pixels offset in 0° direction for the disc and superior and inferior endplate regions. The Random Forests Algorithm was used to select the most promising classifiers. The linear mixed‐effect model analysis was used to compare groups (pain vs. pain‐free) at each level controlling for age. The Random Forest Algorithm recommended focusing on intervertebral discs and endplate zones at L4‐5 and L5‐S1. Differences were observed between groups for L5‐S1 superior endplate contrast, homogeneity, and energy (p = .02). Differences were observed for L5‐S1 disc contrast and homogeneity (p < .01), as well as for the inferior endplates contrast, homogeneity, and energy (p < .03). Magnetic resonance imaging textural features may have potential in identifying structures that may be the target of further investigations about the reasons for LBP.
Enantioseparation of 2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)succinic acid by countercurrent chromatography and investigation of injection volume on resolution
Authors: Jin Yang , Bao Honglei , Sun Wenyu , Sun Hengmian , Zhao Shanshan , Wang Xiang , Tong Shengqiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract2‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)succinic acid was successfully enantioseparated by countercurrent chromatography using hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as chiral selector. A two‐phase solvent system composed of n‐hexane‐ethyl acetate‐0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer with pH 2.65 (5:5:10, v/v) was selected. Enantioselective liquid–liquid extraction was used to optimize the enantioseparation conditions. Meanwhile, the influence of injection volume on resolution in countercurrent chromatography was investigated and a linear relationship between the inflection point of injection volume and sample loading was tentatively obtained. The peak resolution will decrease significantly when the injection volume over the inflection point was used. In addition, it could be found that the smaller amount of sample loading, the larger impact of injection volume on resolution could be observed, which might serve as a good reference for the selection of sample volume in enantioseparations by countercurrent chromatography. Under optimized conditions, 20 mg of 2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)succinic acid racemate dissolved in 10 mL of aqueous phase was successfully enantioseparated by countercurrent chromatography. The recovery for both of the enantiomer of (±)‐2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)succinic acid reached within 70–75% with a purity of 99.0%.
Autofluorescence and Indocyanine Green in Thyroid Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Barbieri Diego , Indelicato Pietro , Vinciguerra Alessandro , Di Marco Federico , Formenti Anna Maria , Trimarchi Matteo , Bussi Mario 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo estimate the impact of optical techniques on prevention of post‐operative hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy.Study DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsA literature search was conducted in Pubmed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases. The main inclusion criteria for eligible articles for meta‐analysis were patients with benign or malignant thyroid pathologies who underwent total thyroidectomy, utilization of optical techniques to support PGs preservation, the availability of calcium and/or PTH levels. The primary outcome was to evaluate the variation of calcium and PTH levels when adopting optical technologies compared to standard naked‐eye surgery.ResultsIn total, 13 papers with 1484 procedures were included. Pooled proportion for short‐ and medium‐term hypocalcemia rates were 8% (95% CI, 5%:11%) and 1% (95% CI, 0%:4%) for optical techniques, while for naked‐eye surgery were 15% (95% CI, 9%:23%) and 5% (95% CI, 2%:9%), respectively.ConclusionsOptical technologies reduced short and medium term hypocalcemia compared to conventional surgery.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:1683–1692, 2021