bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonflammable Electrolytes With Weakly Lithiophilic Diluents for Stabilizing Silicon‐Based Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qiao Rui , Li Guangling , Liang Chenyu , Liang Yan , Zhou Guoqing , Zhu Jian , Fan Hao , Li Yong , Song Jiangxuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStabilization of the silicon‐based anode in lithium‐ion batteries heavily depends on electrolyte engineering. However, despite the effectiveness of localized high‐concentration electrolytes in enhancing battery life, most studies have focused on solvents and lithium salts, highlighting the urgent need for advanced diluents tailored to silicon‐based anodes. Here, a nonflammable electrolyte with a weakly lithiophilic diluent is reported by introducing methyl perfluorobutyl ether into a mixture of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and 1,2‐dimethoxyethane, for the enhancement of silicon‐based anode. The diluents, exhibiting weak solvation tendency, are capable of forming large cluster‐like structures in the outermost layer of the solvation shell by interacting with the solvents and lithium salts. Therefore, the weakly lithiophilic diluent accelerates the transport of lithium‐ions and increases the probability of lithium‐ions coordinating with anions, leaving a robust inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase on the silicon‐based anode. high areal capacity (4.2 mAh cm−2) cells are constructed with silicon‐based anodes and nickel‐rich cathodes employing this electrolyte, exhibiting impressive cycling stability with 82.1% capacity retention after 200 cycles.
Photothermal Catalytic Recycling of Polyester Over Magnetic Ni−MnOx Nanocatalyst
Authors: Lai Xiaofei , Xiong Shiyun , Jiang Biao , Xu Yong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe solar‐driven catalytic recycling of plastics has recently emerged as a new frontier in industry. Nevertheless, its large‐scale application requires the catalysts being capable of the strong absorption of visible and near‐infrared light, strengthened photothermal efficiency, high activity and selective toward target product, enhanced stability, as well as easy separation from the products. In this work, magnetic Ni−MnOx nanocatalyst (MN/C) is synthesized via the pyrolysis of metal‐organic framework (MOF) for the photothermal catalytic recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET). Detailed investigations demonstrate that the strong interaction between MnOx and Ni enables H2 spill‐over from Ni to Mn species and electron transfer from Mn to Ni, where MnOx plays the active sites and Ni promotes the efficiency for photo‐to‐heat conversion, as a result of significantly enhanced photothermal catalytic performance. Consequently, PET is completely converted after photothermal recycling for 30 min (0.84 W cm−2) at 190 °C, with a BHET selectivity of ≈79%. Moreover, MN/C has been successfully applied for recycling PET from various sources. In addition to the promising performance, the low‐cost and easy magnetic separation of MN/C will further contribute to the sustainable recycling of plastics.
N‐Factorial Scenarios: A Systems‐Theoretical Approach to Scenario‐Planning
Authors: Roth Steffen , Kiškienė Austė , Gaižauskienė Dovilė , Kaivo‐oja Jari 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTScenarios are among the most popular techniques for managing the uncertainty and complexity of the future. Even the more sophisticated scenario designs, however, often reduce the future to a narrow set of typically only two key factors that are arranged into a four‐square matrix representing four distinct yet interrelated scenarios. Consequently, scenarios have been criticised for being simplistic or reductionist by design. In this article, we address these criticisms by proposing a basic design for n‐factorial scenarios. Following a short discussion of the procedures and limitations of classical scenario design, we draw on the example of a standard 2 × 2 matrix titled ‘Four Scenarios for the Digital Transformation’ to illustrate the limitations of the standard approach and demonstrate the potential of a digital approach to scenario building. We conclude that standard scenario planning is often characterised by a systematic omission of potentially critical scenarios, which our proposed digital approach can detect and map out.
Modified Parsimonious Model Averaging Under Heteroscedasticity
Authors: Zhao Shangwei , Chen Xiaoyan , Zeng Jie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe propose a modified parsimonious model averaging method under heteroscedasticity by incorporating the covariance matrix into the weight choice criterion. We demonstrate that when correctly specified models exist in the candidate model set, the weight assigned to the smallest correct model tends to 1. This leads to the consistency of variable selection and the asymptotic normality of the modified parsimonious model averaging estimator. Furthermore, we prove its asymptotic optimality within the given weight space when all candidate models are misspecified. Numerical simulations indicate that, in the presence of heteroscedasticity, the modified parsimonious model averaging estimator outperforms the unmodified version in terms of prediction accuracy. As an illustration example, we apply this method to predict housing rental prices in Fengtai District, Beijing.
De-Escalation in Mental Health Care Settings
Authors: Lavelle Mary , Ferreira António Luís , Dixen Søren , Berring Lene Lauge 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDe-escalation, the use of communication to calm a distressed or aggressive individual, is recognised as a first-line intervention in the management of aggression in mental health settings internationally. It provides a less coercive alternative to the use of mechanical or physical restraints, and it is a central feature of many leading complex models of care. Despite its prominence in policy, empirical evidence to support de-escalation techniques is only now beginning to emerge. Here we present an overview of the current evidence on nonphysical conflict management and interpersonal de-escalation in mental health settings alongside the practical approaches to implement these techniques in practice, illustrated by clinical examples. Together, we hope this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the situational and interpersonal dynamics that contribute to effective de-escalation in practice and the principles that underpin them.
Post-occurrence Review
Authors: McKenna Kevin , Paterson Brodie , Hallett Nutmeg , Berring Lene Lauge 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the role and importance of post-occurrence reviews within mental health contexts, —variously called ‘debriefing’, ‘post-incident review’ and ‘seclusion/restraint review’. The focus is on the relevance of the post occurrence review process following incidents of patient violence and coercive measures such as seclusion and restraint, but we also explore wider applications. We highlight the growing awareness of patient rights, ethical considerations and efforts to reduce coercion in psychiatric care. The chapter emphasises the need for structured reflective practices to address the psychological and emotional impacts of such interventions on patients and staff. It reviews regulatory directives and standards that mandate post occurrence reviews, explores policies advocating for transparency and continuous improvement, and proposes a multiaxial approach to meet the diverse needs of all involved parties, namely the service user, staff, witnesses and the unit multidisciplinary team. This approach includes immediate support, reflective analysis and development of preventive strategies, urging a shift towards open dialogue and psychological safety in healthcare teams. The chapter provides practical guidance for mental health professionals on implementing or enhancing post-occurrence review processes, ultimately aiming to improve patient care and reduce the use of coercion.
Breaking the Cycle of Domination in Global Tax Governance: Africans Defying Asymmetries and Seizing Opportunities
Authors: Latif Lyla 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the historical and contemporary dynamics of global tax governance, with a particular focus on the long-standing inequalities faced by African nations. Tracing the origins of international taxation to colonial economic exploitation, the discussion underscores how these mechanisms have perpetuated economic disparities between nations, allowing dominant states to assert control over their less powerful counterparts. For example, through the challenges posed by aggressive tax planning by multinational corporations, which have resulted in significant revenue losses for developing nations, impacting their fiscal stability and economic potential. This discourse is of paramount importance as it directly influences tax policies, trade relations, and investment decisions. Inaccurate or inequitable tax policies can skew trade balances and deter potential investors, thereby hindering economic growth and development. However, a notable shift is observed with African nations now challenging these historical asymmetries and proactively participating in global tax discussions as seen by the recent passage of the United Nations resolution (A/C.2/788/L.18/Rev.1) on Promotion of Inclusive and Effective International Tax Cooperation at the United Nations. This resolution presents an opportunity for the UN to lead on developing the normative content for global tax governance as opposed to the OECD—a forum that stands accused of lacking in inclusivity, oblivious to African context specificity and not bridging technical, capacity, and resource asymmetries. The chapter concludes by advocating for an inclusive and equitable global tax system that is non-OECD led, emphasising the urgent need for reforms that recognise and rectify historical injustices which in turn will align tax, trade, and investment strategies for holistic economic growth.
Decision-Making in a Proposed African Union Tax Governance Structure
Authors: Titus Afton 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIt is well-established that the current international tax system is failing developing countries. At the same time, international tax rules are changing rapidly to keep up with the digital economy. In this paper, I argue that African countries should take this time of rapid change to create their own tax governance structure within the African Union (AU). The purpose of this paper is to apply such governance structure to a real-world pressing issue, namely, the taxation of the digital economy. I argue that when deciding on tax issues concerning the coordination of digital service taxes across Africa, regional economic communities (RECs) should work together with the African Tax Administration Forum (ATAF) and the AU to implement such policies coherently. Furthermore, when deciding on tax issues that require the taking of a common continental position, such as whether to adopt the OECD’s Pillar One proposal, I argue that the RECs should work closely with the AU, its organs, and ATAF to defend an African common position. In short, the taxation of the digital economy represents an opportunity for African countries. My proposed governance structure is one way in which Africa could make a lasting and improved change to the international tax system and how African countries participate in it.
Linear maps preserving the inclusion of fixed subsets into the local spectrum at some fixed vector
Authors: Costara Constantin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
For a natural number

$$n \ge 2$$

n
≥
2

, denote by

$$\mathcal {M}_{n}$$

M
n

the space of all

$$n\times n$$

n
×
n

matrices over the complex field

$$\mathbb {C}$$

C

. Let

$$x_0 \in \mathbb {C}^{n}$$

x
0

∈

C

n

be a fixed nonzero vector, and fix also two nonempty subsets

$$K_1, K_2 \subseteq \mathbb {C}$$

K
1

,

K
2

⊆
C

, each having at most n distinct elements. Under the assumption that

$$|K_1| \le |K_2|$$

|

K
1

|
≤
|

K
2

|

, we characterize linear bijective maps

$$\varphi $$

φ

on

$$\mathcal {M}_{n}$$

M
n

having the property that, for each matrix T, we have that

$$K_2$$

K
2

is a subset of the local spectrum of

$$\varphi (T)$$

φ
(
T
)

at

$$x_0 $$

x
0

whenever

$$K_1 $$

K
1

is a subset of the local spectrum of T at

$$x_0$$

x
0

. As a corollary, we also characterize linear maps

$$\varphi $$

φ

on

$$\mathcal {M} _{n}$$

M
n

having the property that, for each matrix T, we have that

$$K_1$$

K
1

is a subset of the local spectrum of T at

$$x_0$$

x
0

if and only if

$$K_2$$

K
2

is a subset of the local spectrum of

$$\varphi (T)$$

φ
(
T
)

at

$$x_0$$

x
0

, without the bijectivity assumption on the map

$$\varphi $$

φ

and with no assumption made regarding the number of elements of

$$K_1$$

K
1

and

$$K_2$$

K
2

.
Movable cones of complete intersections of multidegree one on products of projective spaces
Authors: Hoff Michael , Stenger Isabel , Yáñez José Ignacio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study Calabi–Yau manifolds which are complete intersections of hypersurfaces of multidegree 1 in an m-fold product of n-dimensional projective spaces. Using the theory of Coxeter groups, we show that the birational automorphism group of such a Calabi–Yau manifold X is infinite and a free product of copies of

$${\mathbb {Z}}$$

Z

. Moreover, we give an explicit description of the boundary of the movable cone

$${{\,\mathrm{{\overline{Mov}}}\,}}(X)$$

Mov
¯

(
X
)

. In the end, we consider examples for the general and non-general case and picture the movable cone and the fundamental domain for the action of

$${{\,\textrm{Bir}\,}}(X)$$

Bir

(
X
)

.
Resurgence of Chern–Simons Theory at the Trivial Flat Connection
Authors: Garoufalidis Stavros , Gu Jie , Mariño Marcos , Wheeler Campbell 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Some years ago, it was conjectured by the first author that the Chern–Simons perturbation theory of a 3-manifold at the trivial flat connection is a resurgent power series. We describe completely the resurgent structure of the above series (including the location of the singularities and their Stokes constants) in the case of a hyperbolic knot complement in terms of an extended square matrix (x, q)-series whose rows are indexed by the boundary parabolic

$$\textrm{SL}_2(\mathbb {C})$$

SL
2

(
C
)

-flat connections, including the trivial one. We use our extended matrix to describe the Stokes constants of the above series, to define explicitly their Borel transform and to identify it with state–integrals. Along the way, we use our matrix to give an analytic extension of the Kashaev invariant and of the colored Jones polynomial and to complete the matrix valued holomorphic quantum modular forms as well as to give an exact version of the refined quantum modularity conjecture of Zagier and the first author. Finally, our matrix provides an extension of the 3D-index in a sector of the trivial flat connection. We illustrate our definitions, theorems, numerical calculations and conjectures with the two simplest hyperbolic knots.
Diagonalizing Bose Gases in the Gross–Pitaevskii Regime and Beyond
Authors: Brooks Morris 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present a novel approach to the Bogoliubov theory of dilute Bose gases, allowing for an elementary derivation of the celebrated Lee–Huang–Yang formula in the Gross–Pitaevskii regime. Furthermore, we identify the low lying excitation spectrum beyond the Gross–Pitaevskii scaling, extending a recent result (Brennecke et al. in Rev Math Phys 34, 2022) to significantly more singular scaling regimes. Finally, we provide an upper bound on the ground state energy in the Gross–Pitaevskii regime that captures the correct expected order of magnitude beyond the Lee–Huang–Yang formula.
Production Cross-Section of $$\gamma $$-Rays from (p,p$$^\prime \gamma $$) Reactions: Measurements and Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Mazumdar I. , Weppner S. P. , Ranga V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper reviews our work on the measurements of absolute production cross sections of $$\gamma $$
γ
-rays from the (p,p$$^{\prime }\gamma $$

′

γ

) reactions on $$^{12}$$

12

C and $$^{16}$$

16

O. The measurements cover a range of 8–16 MeV for the incident proton beam. The angular distributions of the $$\gamma $$
γ
-rays have been measured. A detailed phenomenological analysis within the framework of optical model formalism has been carried out to reproduce the experimental data. The existing global set of elastic, polarization and total reaction data for protons and neutrons have been used to generate the optical model potential. The nuclear structure effects have been included in the calculations by considering the roles of coupling of the low-lying states, the presence of resonances and nuclear deformations. The potentials so generated have been used to calculate the differential and total cross sections for both (p,p$$^\prime $$

′

) and (p,p$$^\prime \gamma $$

′

γ

) reactions. The results of the analysis are in good agreement with the measured data for the observed $$\gamma $$
γ
-rays. However, discrepancies still exist in reproducing the finer details of the cross sections. The existing discrepancies between our phenomenological analysis and the experimental data demonstrate the rather complex roles of channel couplings, resonances in the compound nuclear system and target deformation. The significant contribution of nuclear structure effects in light mass nucleus like $$^{12}$$

12

C and $$^{16}$$

16

O, leads to an apparent loss of predictive power of the theoretical calculation for low-energy region (less than 10 MeV) of the projectile energy.
Effectiveness of fissure sealants in 8- to 10-year-olds with and without molar–incisor hypomineralization (MIH) – results from a cross-sectional epidemiological study
Authors: Zöllner Felicitas , Fresen Karl-Ferdinand , Gaballah Ramy , Schill Helen , Pitchika Vinay , Amend Stefanie , Krämer Norbert , Kühnisch Jan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the use, quality, and caries-preventive effects of fissure sealants (FSs) in 8- to 10-year-olds with and without molar–incisor hypomineralization (MIH).

Materials and methods
A total of 5,418 children (2,692 males, 2,726 females) were examined via standard instruments (dental mirrors, CPI probes, adequate lighting, mobile examination tables, and air syringes) and methods for the recording of caries (DMFT index, WHO method) and FSs. The classification of MIH followed the recommendations of the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD). Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis and mixed-effects logistic regression models.

Results
59.0% of all children had at least one FS; this percentage was 57.8% in the MIH group. The proportions of fully intact sealants and minimal, moderate, or nearly complete loss of retention were 31.7%, 48.3%, 16.8%, and 3.2%, respectively. The mean caries experience was low, at 0.2 DMFT in the whole population. Lower DMFT means were registered in individuals with FSs without MIH (0.1) and with MIH (0.1). The regression analysis revealed a significant caries-protective effect of FSs and MIH in relation to the overall caries burden. In addition, the caries-protective effect was greater in individuals with fully retained sealants (aOR 0.269) than in those with minimal (aOR 0.346), moderate (aOR 0.567) or nearly complete loss of retention (aOR 0.721).

Conclusion
This study documented the comparable use, quality, and caries-preventive effects of FSs in individuals and permanent molar with and without MIH.

Clinical relevance
FSs are caries protective in children with and without MIH.
Metabolic Profiles of Encapsulated Chondrocytes Exposed to Short-Term Simulated Microgravity
Authors: Bergstrom Annika R. , Glimm Matthew G. , Houske Eden A. , Cooper Gwendolyn , Viles Ethan , Chapman Marrin , Bourekis Katherine , Welhaven Hope D. , Brahmachary Priyanka P. , Hahn Alyssa K. , June Ronald K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The mechanism by which chondrocytes respond to reduced mechanical loading environments and the subsequent risk of developing osteoarthritis remains unclear. This is of particular concern for astronauts. In space the reduced joint loading forces during prolonged microgravity (10−6 g) exposure could lead to osteoarthritis (OA), compromising quality of life post-spaceflight. In this study, we encapsulated human chondrocytes in an agarose gel of similar stiffness to the pericellular matrix to mimic the cartilage microenvironment. We then exposed agarose-chondrocyte constructs to simulated microgravity (SM) for four days using a rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor to better assess the cartilage health risks associated with spaceflight. Metabolites extracted from media and agarose gel constructs were analyzed on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Global metabolomic profiling detected a total of 1205 metabolite features, with 497 significant metabolite features identified by ANOVA (FDR-corrected p-value < 0.05). Specific metabolic shifts detected in response to SM exposure resulted in clusters of co-regulated metabolites, with glutathione, nitrogen, histidine, vitamin B3, and aminosugars metabolism identified by variable importance in projection scores. Microgravity-induced metabolic shifts in gel constructs and media were indicative of protein synthesis, energy and nucleotide metabolism, and oxidative catabolism. Microgravity associated-metabolic shifts were consistent with our previously published early osteoarthritic metabolomic profiles in human synovial fluid, suggesting that even short-term exposure to microgravity (or other reduced mechanical loading environments) may lead to the development of OA. This work further suggests the potential to detect these metabolic perturbations in synovial fluid in vivo to ascertain osteoarthritis risk in astronauts.
DLTS characterisation of 107 MeV krypton ion-irradiated nitrogen-doped 4H-silicon carbide
Authors: Omotoso Ezekiel , Igumbor Emmanuel , Meyer Walter E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Swift heavy ions, such as krypton ions, play a significant role in developing and enhancing the performance of various devices. In this study, the influence of Kr2+ on nitrogen-doped 4H-silicon carbide has been investigated using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Krypton ions, with an energy of 107 MeV, were used to irradiate the Au/Ni/4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) at a fluence of 1 × 1010 cm–2 at room temperature (300 K). Before the irradiation of the samples, the electrical measurements revealed good rectifying behaviour. However, rectification properties of the Au/Ni/4H-SiC SBDs were completely lost after irradiation at a fluence of 1 × 1010 cm–2. Annealing was performed at 300 °C in flowing argon, and the current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) revealed partial rectification. DLTS of the as-grown devices analyses revealed the presence of four deep level defects. After annealing the irradiated device, the DLTS spectra showed a reduction in the intensity of the E0.10 and the disappearance of the E0.12 as well as the E0.16 defects compared to that as-grown. Two defects with energies of 280 and 410 meV showed inverted peaks, as would have been expected from minority carriers trap instead of majority carriers, which led to confusion as the peaks were inverted. It was concluded that the peculiar characteristics of DLTS measurements on SBDs may be due to the extremely high value of the series resistance as well as the low capacitance. The results of this study provide insight into the behaviour of SBDs under extreme irradiation and can be used to improve the radiation tolerance of electronic devices made from SiC.