bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving estimation of phytoplankton abundance and distribution in ballast water discharges
Authors: Casas-Monroy Oscar , Rajakaruna Harshana , Bailey Sarah A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments now in force, determining abundance and distribution of phytoplankton inside ballast tanks is critical for successful ballast water management, particularly when assessing compliance. The relationship between the abundance and distribution of cells was examined to obtain the best representative sample of the entire phytoplankton community in ballast tanks, comparing three ballast water sampling techniques including in-line, in-tank, and Van Dorn bottle methods. Lloyd’s index, Dy, and Gini index were applied to compare methods of sample collection and determine representativeness of samples and performance of sampling methods. Phytoplankton abundance trends from live microscopy counts using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) were also compared to those using a FlowCAM on preserved samples. The phytoplankton community showed a patchy distribution inside the ballast tank and this trend was observed across all voyages. The estimated marginal mean analysis showed that in hypothetical conditions (e.g., 702 m3of water in ballast tank and phytoplankton whole-tank abundance of 19,522 cells), the difference among the three methods was small. Conversely, statistical analysis performed on empiric abundances using a negative binomial regression model determined that the volume discharged during sampling of ballast water has an effect on the number of cells collected on a given voyage. Results of this study also confirmed that the in-line method may be a better method at collecting phytoplankton samples from ballast tanks than the in-tank or Van Dorn method, regardless of the time at which samples are collected. Finally, the number of living cells and the number of preserved cells showed similar trends for most of the voyages, despite fewer samples analyzed using FDA.
The value of immunotherapy for survivors of stage IV non-small cell lung cancer: patient perspectives on quality of life
Authors: Park Rebekah , Shaw James W. , Korn Alix , McAuliffe Jacob 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine what personally mattered to 24 patients who received immuno-oncology (IO) therapy for stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as their families and friends, to understand how they evaluated their cancer treatments and the determinants of the quality of life (QoL) of long-term survivors.

Methods
Ethnographic research was conducted with 24 patients who had responded to IO (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, or durvalumab) for stage IV NSCLC, and their families and friends, evenly split among field sites in Denmark, the USA, and the UK. Data were collected using in-depth qualitative interviews, written exercises, and participant observation. Data analysis methods included interpretative phenomenological analysis, coding, and the development of grounded theory. Researchers spent 2 days with participants in their homes and accompanied them on health-related outings.

Results
Our findings reveal that long-term survivors on IO experienced their journey in two phases: one in which their cancer had taken over their lives mentally, physically, and spiritually, and another in which their cancer consumed only a part of their everyday lives. Patients who survived longer than their initial prognosis existed in a limbo state in which they were able to achieve some semblance of normalcy in spite of being identified as having a terminal condition. This limbo state impacted their life priorities, decision-making, experience of patient support, and health information-seeking behaviors, all of which shaped their definitions and experience of QoL.

Conclusions
The results of this study, which identify the specific challenges of living in limbo, where patients are able to reclaim a portion of their pre-cancer lives while continuing to wrestle with a terminal prognosis, may inform how cancer research can more effectively define and measure the QoL impacts of IO treatments. Also, they may identify approaches that the cancer community can use to support the needs of patients living in a limbo state. These experiences may not be adequately understood by the cancer community or captured by existing QoL measures, which were designed prior to the emergence of IO and without sufficient incorporation of contextual, patient-driven experience.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Increased awareness of the specific experiences that come with long-term survival on IO may direct how resources should be spent for cancer support for patients and their families. Expanding how QoL is evaluated based on patients’ lived experiences of IO can reflect a more accurate depiction of the treatment’s benefits and harms.
Educational stays abroad and the development of self-perceived grit: A longitudinal analysis in young adulthood
Authors: Wolff Fabian , Schmidt Fabian T. C. , Borzikowsky Christoph , Möller Jens , Wagner Jenny 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGrit can be viewed as a facet of conscientiousness consisting of the two sub-facets perseverance of effort and consistency of interest. Although ample research illustrates the importance of grit for educational attainment, little is known about its developmental trajectories. The goal of the present study was to examine the development of self-perceptions in the two grit facets during educational stays abroad in young adulthood. We measured grit in a sample of 179 German sojourners, who went abroad for some type of educational stay, immediately before the start of their stay abroad (T1), 3 months afterwards (T2), and 15 months afterwards (T3). We compared the developmental trajectories across T1 and T2 with a control group of 112 Germans staying at home during this period. Multivariate latent change score models showed an increase in perseverance of effort between T1 and T2 in the group of sojourners, which did not emerge in the control group and persisted throughout T3. Consistency of interest did not change between T1 and T2, but sojourners showed an increase in consistency of interest between T1 and T3. This change was positively predicted by the time sojourners had spent abroad. Although we found different developmental trajectories for perseverance of effort and consistency of interest, substantial correlated change between these facets indicated similar processes to account for change in both traits. We discuss implications for research on the development of grit as well as the role of educational stays abroad.
Evolution and analysis of gas sorption-induced coal fracture strain data
Authors: Liu Zhanghao , Liu Jishan , Pan Pengzhi , Elsworth Derek , Wei Mingyao , Shi Rui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough coal swelling/shrinking during coal seam gas extraction has been studied for decades, its impacts on the evolution of permeability are still not well understood. This has long been recognized, but no satisfactory solutions have been found. In previous studies, it is normally assumed that the matrix swelling/shrinking strain can be split between the fracture and the bulk coal and that the splitting coefficient remains unchanged during gas sorption. In this study, we defined the fracture strain as a function of permeability change ratio and back-calculated the fracture strains at different states. In the equilibrium state, the gas pressure is steady within the coal; in the non-equilibrium state, the gas pressure changes with time. For equilibrium states, the back-calculated fracture strains are extremely large and may be physically impossible in some case. For non-equilibrium states, two experiments were conducted: one for a natural coal sample and the other for a reconstructed one. For the fractured coal, the evolution of permeability is primarily controlled by the transition of coal fracture strain or permeability from local matrix swelling effect to global effect. For the reconstituted coal, the evolution of pore strain or permeability is primarily controlled by the global effect.
Effects of Elevated Sea Levels and Waves on Southern California Estuaries During the 2015–2016 El Niño
Authors: Harvey Madeleine E. , Giddings Sarah N. , Stein Eric D. , Crooks Jeffrey A. , Whitcraft Christine , Gallien Timu , Largier John L. , Tiefenthaler Liesl , Meltzer Hallee , Pawlak Geno , Thorne Karen , Johnston Karina , Ambrose Richard , Schroeter Stephen C. , Page Henry M. , Elwany Hany 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe 2015–2016 El Niño provided insight into how low-inflow estuaries might respond to future climate regimes, including high sea levels and more intense waves. High waves and water levels coupled with low rainfall along the Southern California coastline provided the opportunity to examine how extreme ocean forcing impacts estuaries independently from fluvial events. From November 2015 to April 2016, water levels were measured in 13 Southern California estuaries, including both intermittently closed and perennially open estuaries with varying watershed size, urban development, and management practices. Elevated ocean water levels caused raised water levels and prolonged inundation in all of the estuaries studied. Water levels inside perennially open estuaries mirrored ocean water levels, while those inside intermittently closed estuaries (ICEs) exhibited enhanced higher-high water levels during large waves, and tides were truncated at low tides due to a wave-built sand sill at the mouth, resulting in elevated detided water levels. ICEs closed when sufficient wave-driven sand accretion formed a barrier berm across the mouth separating the estuary from the ocean, the height of which can be estimated using estuarine lower-low water levels. During the 2015–2016 El Niño, a greater number of Southern California ICEs closed than during a typical year and ICEs that close annually experienced longer than normal closures. Overall, sill accretion and wave exposure were important contributing factors to individual estuarine response to ocean conditions. Understanding how estuaries respond to increased sea levels and waves and the factors that influence closures will help managers develop appropriate adaptation strategies.
CAR-T cells in multiple myeloma: current status
Authors: Steiner Normann , Gunsilius Eberhard 
Published: January 2020

SummaryStarting with the approval of bortezomib, a proteasome-inhibiting drug, tremendous progress has been achieved in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients during the last 15 years. Due to a plethora of novel drugs such as second generation proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulating agents and monoclonal antibodies the 5‑year survival of MM patients has been extended from 33% at the turn of the millennium to approximately 60% in younger patients (<65–70 years) who were eligible for consolidation with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Unfortunately, virtually all patients suffer from relapse and ultimately succumb to the disease, indicating the need for additional treatment strategies. Currently there are two promising immunologic approaches. First, bispecific antibodies called BITE (bispecific T-cell enhancer), which act as fusion proteins with two single-chain variable fragments, target antigens on malignant cells and bind the CD3 receptor and thereby recruit T‑cells to the target cells. The second strategy is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T‑cell therapy that attacks myeloma cells by recognizing specific targets such as CD138, BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen), light-chains, SLAM-F7 (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 7) or the pan B‑cell antigen CD19.Several early phase clinical trials show encouraging results in patients who have relapsed after modern treatment including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulating drugs and monoclonal antibodies. Here, we briefly summarize current clinical knowledge about CAR‑T cell treatment in multiple myeloma, including clinical data presented at the 61st American Society of Hematology annual meeting held in December 2019 in Orlando.
Case report. Paraffinoom van de penis na injectie met kanamycinezalf
Authors: Exterkate Leonie , van Basten Jean-Paul A. 
Published: January 2020

SamenvattingIn dit case report worden twee patiënten besproken met een symptomatisch paraffinoom van de penis (scleroserend lipogranuloom) na injectie van kanamycinezalf in de penis. Het penisparaffinoom is een zeldzame oorzaak van een zwelling die ontstaat na injectie van olieachtige substanties, paraffine, vaseline, antibiotische zalf of siliconen in de penisschacht ten behoeve van penisvergroting en kan ernstige complicaties geven zoals infecties, necrose en erectiele disfunctie. Dergelijke injecties worden met name in Oost-Europa en Azië geregeld toegepast. Hoewel een paraffinoom relatief zeldzaam is, neemt de incidentie in Nederland toe ten gevolge van een toenemend aantal migranten uit met name Oost-Europa. Behandeling bestaat uit complete chirurgische granuloomexcisie, inclusief de huid.
Assessment of post-mining terrain suitability for economic use
Authors: Strzałkowski P. , Ścigała R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUpper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland is subjected to underground mining for several hundreds of years. Due to intensive extraction, land surface has been widely transformed, causing a lot of mining damages. Of great importance is the issue of recovering the surface to its previous conditions after mining activity is finished. In specific conditions, a threat of mining damages may rest for several years after mine closure. In this paper, some chosen issues connected with assessment of post-mining terrain suitability for economic use have been discussed. Two important elements of such threat have been described: determining the possibility of discontinuous deformations creation and the evaluation of active subsidence process duration. In the introductory part of the paper some theoretical base has been given. Next, the example of probability assessment of sinkhole creation has been presented, together with determination of subsidence process cease time. For determination of subsidence process duration, own empirical formulas have been utilized. They can be used in cases, when there is a lack of survey results from the area of interest.
Growth of Carbon Nanocoils by Porous α-Fe2O3/SnO2 Catalyst and Its Buckypaper for High Efficient Adsorption
Authors: Zhao Yongpeng , Wang Jianzhen , Huang Hui , Cong Tianze , Yang Shuaitao , Chen Huan , Qin Jiaqi , Usman Muhammad , Fan Zeng , Pan Lujun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh-purity (99%) carbon nanocoils (CNCs) have been synthesized by using porous α-Fe2O3/SnO2 catalyst. The yield of CNCs reaches 9,098% after a 6 h growth. This value is much higher than the previously reported data, indicating that this method is promising to synthesize high-purity CNCs on a large scale. It is considered that an appropriate proportion of Fe and Sn, proper particle size distribution, and a loose-porous aggregate structure of the catalyst are the key points to the high-purity growth of CNCs. Benefiting from the high-purity preparation, a CNC Buckypaper was successfully prepared and the electrical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties were investigated comprehensively. Furthermore, as one of the practical applications, the CNC Buckypaper was successfully utilized as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye from wastewater with an adsorption efficiency of 90.9%. This study provides a facile and economical route for preparing high-purity CNCs, which is suitable for large-quantity production. Furthermore, the fabrication of macroscopic CNC Buckypaper provides promising alternative of adsorbent or other practical applications.
The Sino–Russian relationship in the mirror of the Cold War
Authors: Radchenko Sergey 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article uses a constructivist lens to discuss the history of the relationship between Beijing and Moscow from 1949 to the present. It argues that the dramatic shifts in this relationship can be understood in reference to mutual perceptions of China and Russia by their political elites in the broader context of a global hierarchy dominated by the United States.
Incidence and factors associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting among elective adult surgical patients at University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmed Seid Adem , Lema Girmay Fitiwi 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Postoperative nausea and vomiting is a common complication of anaesthesia and surgery. It is considered the most common cause of morbidity following anaesthesia and has significant effects on patient satisfaction and cost. Despite modern anaesthetic and surgical techniques, the incidence of PONV remains high.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and associated factors.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to May 30, 2019. A total of 355 adult elective patients who were operated on this period were included in the study.

Results:
The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was 17.2% within 24 h after operation. Factors that were associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting were history of motion sickness (AOR = 6.0, CI = 2.51–14.49), previous history of postoperative nausea and vomiting (AOR = 13.55, CI = 6.37–28.81) and long duration of surgery (AOR = 10.1, CI = 3.97–25.92).

Conclusion:
and recommendations: The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was still high compared with most studies conducted in the world. However, when it compared to the previous study done in the study area, it showed significant reduction in the incidence of PONV by 19%.We suggest that the use of anti-emetic prophylaxis and the introduction of postoperative nausea and vomiting treatment protocols.

Highlights:
Sexual Abstinence and Associated Factors Among Young and Middle-Aged Men: A Systematic Review
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Hussain Nik Hazlina Nik , Noor Norhayati Mohd , Mohamed Mahaneem , Ismail Shaiful Bahari 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionSexual activity is an essential human need and an important predictor of other aspects of human life. A literature review was conducted to investigate whether sexual abstinence in young and middle-aged men is generally considered a deliberate, healthy behavior and whether it has other causes and consequences.AimTo review the prevalence and factors associated with sexual abstinence in young (10–24 years) and middle-aged (25–59 years) men.MethodsStudies were retrieved from Science Direct, PubMed, and EBSCOhost published from 2008 to 2019. The selection criteria were original population- or community-based articles, published in the English language, on sexual abstinence, and in young and middle-aged men.Main Outcome MeasureThis article reviewed the literature on the proportions of and factors associated with sexual abstinence in young and middle-aged men.ResultsA total of 13,154 studies were retrieved, from which data were extracted for 37 population- or community-based studies. The prevalence of sexual abstinence varied from 0% to 83.6% in men younger than 60 years. The prevalence of primary sexual abstinence was 3.4%–83.3% for young men and 12.5%–15.5% for middle-aged men. The prevalence of secondary abstinence for young men ranged from 1.3% to 83.6%, while for middle-aged men, it was from 1.2% to 67.7%. The prevalence of sexual abstinence decreased with increasing age in young men but increased with increasing age in middle-aged men. The significant factors reported were age, single status, poor relationships, low socioeconomic status, sex education, religious practices, caring and monitoring parents, and not using alcohol, cigarettes, or drugs. Although the variations in findings from different studies can be explained by different regions and cultures, the information cannot be generalized worldwide because of a lack of studies in Asian and Australian populations.Clinical ImplicationsThe studies on sexual abstinence in the future should use a consistent and standard definition, cover all sexual behaviors, and investigate all related factors.Strength & LimitationsThe restricted timeframe (2008–2019), English language, availability of full text, and variability in definition and time duration may be the sources of bias.ConclusionYoung men had higher proportions of sexual abstinence than middle-aged men, and age, unavailability of a partner, lower educational levels, low socioeconomic status, conservative and religious conditions, and no or less knowledge about sexually transmitted infections were common predictors of sexual abstinence in most of the men. Although determinants of sexual abstinence were identified, further investigation of biological factors in men younger than 60 years is needed.
Online Sales: A Direct Marketing Opportunity for Rural Farms?
Authors: O’Hara Jeffrey K. , Low Sarah A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOnline marketplaces could help direct-to-consumer (DTC) farms compete for customers making grocery purchases on the internet by reducing the search and transportation costs of in-person DTC transactions. While in-person DTC marketplaces have been conducive for metropolitan farms historically, we explore whether rural DTC farms, with distance-based challenges accessing customers, are more likely to have online platforms. We find that rural farms distant from metropolitan counties that are new to DTC marketing are 7% more likely to have online marketplaces than more experienced rural farms, while new metropolitan farms are less likely to have them.
Review on ducted fans for compound rotorcraft
Authors: Zhang T. , Barakos G.N. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a survey of published works on ducted fans for aeronautical applications. Early and recent experiments on full- or model-scale ducted fans are reviewed. Theoretical studies, lower-order simulations and high-fidelity CFD simulations are also summarised. Test matrices of several experimental and numerical studies are compiled and discussed. The paper closes with a summary of challenges for future ducted fan research.
A CTSA-based consultation service to advance research on special and underserved populations
Authors: Vizueta Nathalie , Sarkisian Catherine A. , Szilagyi Peter G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this report, we describe the implementation and short-term outcomes of a Special Populations Consultation Service within the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI). With the goal of increasing the quality and quantity of special population (SP) research, the UCLA CTSI Integrating Special Populations program designed a consultation service to support faculty and trainees conducting research involving one of three CTSI “special populations:” children, older adults, and/or minority; underserved; or health disparity populations. The Special Populations Consultation Service offers three types of activities: grant proposal studios, career consultations, and project reviews. UCLA CTSI faculty with appropriate content expertise serve as consultants. We evaluated this consultation model using satisfaction surveys and by quantifying funded grants and reported changes in career goals in SP research. Between 2016 and 2019, the Special Populations Consultation Service provided 59 consultations including 42 grant studios and was used by researchers at all levels from all four UCLA CTSI institutions. Recipients rated the consultations very highly. Funding success rates were 57% following K-level grant studios and 28% following R-level grant studios. Users of project and career consultations commonly attributed career accomplishments in part to their consultation experiences. The SP Consultation Service is feasible and acceptable and appears to enhance careers of investigators studying special populations.