bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Human Powered Pedal Washing MACHINE
Authors: Fajobi M A , Salawu E Y , Azeta J , Dirisu J O , Ajayi O O , Onwordi P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Human powered pedal washing machine has been designed using materials suitable for its application. An existing bicycle was used as the pedal and other parts of the machine such as the drum, the frame was fabricated using galvanized steel. The material selection was put into consideration, such as corrosion because of the machine’s involvement with water. The human powered pedal washing machine was tested with a used dirty Laboratory coat. The pedaling washing was first done for the first 15 minutes, using water and sunlight detergent soap. There was a partial cleaning of the Laboratory coat, though the coat was very dirty. Another round of washing was done after which the first washing water was drained out through the outlet part of the machine. The second washing was excellent because the Laboratory coat was clean. The human powered pedal washing machine performed well with all the designed parts functioning well. This is an eco-friendly machine, maintenance cost free, energy conservation machine and highly sustainable for underdeveloped nations of the world.
Experimental Research on Ferro Foam Concrete I Beams with Different Number of Wire Mesh Layer
Authors: Afifuddin M , Isya M , Mahlil  , Dwihandayani M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the experimental study on Ferro foam concrete I beam with different number of wire mesh layers. Ferro foam concrete is alternative materials, which consist of a combination between wire mesh and foam concrete. This material is lightweight and easy to be produced. There are 3 specimens has been tested. Specimens’ configuration was 300 mm height, 150 mm width of upper and lower flange, and 60 mm web with 2200 mm span. The different between specimens was number of wire mesh layers, 2 layers, 3 layers, and 4 layers. Foam concrete used in this research consists of cement, water, foam agent, and 10 % Pozzolan. Compression strength of concrete was 23.23 MPa, and Tensile strength of reinforcement D8 and wire mesh G12.7 were 421 MPa. The specimens were tested using four points loading. Three units of LVDT were placed at a distance of 250 mm and 1000 mm from the support. Based on the results, it was found that the maximum load that can be carried out by specimen was 8.48 Tonf, 8.00 Tonf, and 9.50 Tonf, for 2 layer, 3 layers, and 4 layers, respectively. Maximum deflection for each specimen was 14.01 mm, 13.53 mm, and 21.37 mm, for 2 layers, 3 layers, and 4 layers, respectively. Number of layer in I beam 300.60.60 has no significant effect for the beam in their ability to carried the load.
Stabilization of Power Fluctuation of Renewable Energy Based on Hybrid Energy Storage System
Authors: Xu Weibin , Zhang Xinyan , Zhang Jiajun , Yu Lei , Yu Yang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
As energy shortages become more prominent, renewable energy is widely exploited. Renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy are affected by the non-uniformity and non-steadiness of the natural environment, resulting in fluctuations and randomness of output power. When incorporated into the grid, it will cause fluctuations in grid voltage and frequency, affecting the power quality of the grid. The energy storage system can be used as an energy buffering device to stabilize the grid-connected power to meet the grid-connected standard. A hybrid energy storage system is proposed to stabilize the fluctuation of renewable energy generation, and the energy storage control method and energy distribution method are given. Finally, using the actual data of a wind farm, the hybrid energy storage composed of hydrogen storage energy and supercapacitor energy storage is used to stabilize the wind power fluctuations. The simulation results verify the technical rationality and economic practicability of the proposed method.
The Research on Data Centre Construction Invested by Power Grid Company Mode
Authors: Wang Cheng , Zhu Hongjian , Liang Zuquan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Data Centre is one of the hardware facilities of the present stage social development trend. It will be rapid developed in the next few years. While not only its construction cost is high, but its operation cost is high. The State Grid Company is undergoing a transformation and become to a comprehensive energy service provider instead of power suppliers. It has the advantages in the aspects in cost, power supply reliability and operational maintenances if it takes part in Data Centre construction. The investment is in line with the development strategy of SGC, belongs to the high quality of investment projects and it is the new investment direction of SGC.
Finite Element Simulation of Repeated Upsetting at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Guo Wei , Zou Jin , Liu Keming 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The equivalent strain field, effective stress field, and temperature field of the billet after repeated upsetting were analyzed by using finite element simulation software. The results show that the average equivalent strain in the billet improves with the increase of processing pass. At the same pass, the strain in the middle of upper surface is the smallest and in the middle of lower surface is the largest. After three passes, maximum strain of 5.33 is achieved. The equivalent stress and temperature decrease gradually from the middle to both sides of the billet.
Structure load calculation for Essential ESW Intake Structure/CCW HX Building Chilled Water Compression Tank
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad , Jung Dong Won 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Interest in studying of the shell arises from the fifties of twentieth century. Assemblies which contains thin shells, find wide use in the modern engineering especially in ships, aircraft and spacecraft industry. In today’s aerospace and aircraft industries, structural efficiency is the main concern. In this paper the shell vibrations and buckling modes are analyzed by means of numerical methods to clarify qualitatively critical loads and different buckling modes. In our study we focus on the experimental analysis of axial loading for static and buckling analysis for pressure vessel. The modeling and the analysis both are carried out in Ansys 15.0 solver. The analysis provides the stresses for the saddle support & shell near the saddle support due to upset (OBE) and faulted (SSE) seismic load conditions. Furthermore, the results from the simulation are then compared with the KEPIC (Korea Electric Power Industry Code) standards to find the structure integrity of particular unit. Finally, data collected from these simulations results, we conclude that it is safe to manufacture particular pressure vessel with current loading conditions.
Prediction of Permeability and Compressive strength for Pervious Concrete
Authors: Pareek K , Hong Y M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Due to characteristics of water infiltration and runoff reduction pervious concrete is becoming popular among many developed countries. The most important property of pervious concrete is its permeability and compressive strength. But it is seen that pervious concrete generally possesses low compressive strength which can be improved by various cementitious material. The aim of this research is to assess the use of silica fume, fly ash and YC819 on pervious concrete. Permeability and compressive strength test was conducted out of which compressive strength was conducted as per conventional ASTM method but permeability test was conducted by new method originated by authors. Furthermore, estimation of compressive strength using statistical regression analysis is attempted compared with model generated by different researchers. Replacement of cement by silica fume and fly ash are been done in 0 to 25% and the result showed increase in compressive strength of pervious mix by 15 to 20% whereas permeability was observed to be decreased by 3% in fly ash mixed pervious mix on the other hand silica fume reduces the permeability by 5% as compared to conventional pervious mix. In accordance with data obtained for compressive strength prediction an empirical equation was found whose R2 was 0.67. When the models like Abrams, ACI, JSCE, Zain were applied and compared for prediction of compressive strength result showed that models do not predict the compressive strength as the different characteristics were neglected therefore it’s better to use Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as compared to statistical regression model for prediction.
Determination of pervious concrete mix by strength
Authors: Huang Bo-Syun , Li Yan-Fu , Wu Chi-Hsing , Tang Chi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper first used a cement amount C=300 kg and a range of water-cement ratio W/C=0.36∼0.44 to make pervious concrete specimens of different W/C to perform the compressive strength and the flexural strength tests, as well as the permeability coefficient and the porosity tests. These tests were to find the W/C of the maximum strength under meeting the requirements of permeability and water retention. The concrete mix corresponding to the W/C determined this way can be treated as the optimal mix since it gives the maximum strength for a cement amount C=300 kg. Then, similar tests were performed for C=350 kg to determine its optimal mix. From which, the relationship of the strength of the optimal mix vs C is established.
The Simulated Distortion Spectrum on Aluminum Alloy Structure with the Fatigue Crack Propagation
Authors: Zhao Yan , Zhang Weifang , Jin Bo , Zhang Meng , Dai Wei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is expected to be a means of real-time monitoring of crack damage at the edge of the hole due to the sensitive perception of strain. In this paper, an optical fiber fatigue monitoring test platform is built for real-time monitoring of hole edge crack damage. Experimental results found that the grating could be sensed the strain variation with the crack propagation, caused by crack singularity, and the spectrum is highly correlated with the crack length. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) is a type of damage feature extracted from the simulated distortion spectrum, which has a high correlation with crack propagation. Meanwhile, the signal processing technique is used for the FWHM extraction, and the spectrum simulation, combined transfer matrix method and the finite element method, is investigated in this paper. The results show that the FWHM broadened obviously with the crack length, and the FWHM can be used as an effective index for evaluating fatigue crack growth.
Investigation on Temperature Sensitivity of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor under Global Temperature Variations Experience
Authors: Pang Bo , Zhang Meng , Zhou Yuege , Liu Shouwen , Zhang Weifang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
An experiment was developed to relate the wavelength shifts resulting from temperature changes of fiber Bragg grating (FBGs) to the thermal expansion coefficients. The range of the temperature is set from -60 °C to 100 °C as the simulation of outer space temperature environment and the experiment results show that the primary wavelength shift of this sensor due to temperature changing is more precise with the secondary polynomial fitting than the theory relatively linear fitting. Consequently, the reason of the difference between the theoretic and the experiment calculation has been analyzed.
Numerical Analysis on Target Strength of the Filled Spherical Elastic Shell
Authors: Jia Bing , Wang Jihui , Li Guijuan , Chen Yunfei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the acoustic target strength of spherical shells in water with internal fillers is calculated by using the normal series expansion method, and the effects of metal and non-spherical shell materials, size factors and different fillers on the target strength of spherical shells are analyzed. The results show that for different elastic shell parameters, the influence of the acoustic characteristics of the internal filler on the target strength is quite different. For non-metallic sound transmission spherical shells filled with fluid, only when the sound velocity difference between the filler and the water medium is large, the target strength is greatly improved compared with the corresponding rigid sphere, and the shell size parameters have little effect on the target strength. However, for metal spherical shells with internal fillers, the material and size factors of the shell have a greater impact on its target strength, and the sensitivity to sound velocity mismatch inside and outside the shell is relatively small.
Frequency Domain Technique for Characterizing Spur Gears Defect Pattern
Authors: Hamid M N A , Ismail M , Yusuf Z N M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper presents information of detecting the gear using frequency domain technique in vibration analysis. In this study, vibration signal is very crucial in determining signal from defective gear. The quality of the signal displayed in the frequency spectrum are depends on the number of sampling frequency taken into account during acquiring the data. Insufficient number of samples may acquire poor signal in contrast with sufficient number of samples. The objective of this research emphasizes the various frequency resolution and centroid shifting frequency location to characterize the normal and defective gear. The development of test rig with a constant speed of 1493 RPM is designed and consist of simple pinion and gear. The DAQ (NI) with algorithm block diagram developed using LabVIEW is used to acquire the frequency domain data. It is found that by varying the number of samples will affect the resolution of the signal and subsequently tune the shifting centroid of frequency. By calculating the centroid shifting frequency have indicate that the amplitude of normal gear is 0.0128g, defect gear (broken tooth) is 0.052 g and defect gear (broken tooth 90°) is 0.0938g. The amplitude of normal gear, defect gear (broken tooth) and defect gear (broken tooth 90°) are located at frequency 745.829Hz, 746.757Hz and 746.2Hz respectively.
Transmission Loss Analysis of Simple Expansion Tube with Micro – perforated Cylindrical Panel
Authors: Alisah MI , Ooi LE , Ripin Z M , Ho CS , Yahaya AF 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study presents a development of simple expansion tube attach with micro-perforated cylindrical panel (MPCP) to improve the acoustic performance. A simulation based boundary element method (BEM) was carried out using PLM Simcenter 3D. The model was constructed in three dimensional in CAD NX Nastran 12 application and then meshing into small elements. The acoustic properties and boundary condition were defined for the simulation purpose. The model was then fabricated by 3D printer material and verified with the transmission loss measurement utilized the two-load method. In comparison, the transmission loss of simple expansion tube with and without MPCP show a good agreement of BEM analysis and experimental result. The addition of the MPCP inside the expansion tube improved the transmission loss by 2-10 dB in wider frequency band compared to the simple expansion tube. Finally, the air cavity depth of the expansion tube is varied to study it effect. Its showed that, the larger air cavity depth caused the transmission loss peak shift to a lower frequency range.
The Evaluation of Deviation in Sound Absorption Coefficient for Micro – perforated Panel
Authors: Jafar N A , Ooi L E , Mazlan A Z A , Seng K H C , Tan J M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the sound absorption coefficient for micro-perforated panel (MPP) is conducted to determine the acoustic properties of MPP. Two different kind of MPP with the same parameter is used. One is Nylon material and another one is Brass material. Both are fabricated by using 3D Printing technology and Laser Cut process respectively. The sound absorption coefficient of both 3D Printed Nylon MPP and Laser Cut Brass MPP is measured with two-microphone method by using Impedance Tube. The calculated sound absorption coefficient is done by using MATLAB software based on the Classic Maa model. The measured sound absorption coefficient is compared with the calculated result for both MPP. The comparison results show some deviation, like measured results produce a big dip, absorption peak frequency shifted towards higher frequency and wider absorption bandwidth observed when compared to the calculated result. In conclusion, it is found out hole imperfection effect is one of the reasons to the deviation produce between the compared result.
Oil Palm Wastes as Sustainable Sound Absorbing Particleboard
Authors: Ong T K , Choo H L , Lee S M , Kong K Y 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
One method to absorb noise is by using acoustic absorber. Empty fruit bunch fibres (EFB) and mesocarp fibres (MF) are waste materials generated from palm oil mills. This research aimed to fabricate sustainable acoustic absorbing particleboard using EFB and MF to replace conventional materials currently used. Two parameters that were investigated are the mix ratio of the EFB and MF and the addition of binder (urea formaldehyde, UF) into the fibres. Sample thickness was maintained at 20 mm and 30 mm for samples with and without binder. The sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of the samples were tested using an impedance tube according to ISO 10534 – 2 standards. Samples produced using 50% EFB and 50% MF with and without binder shown the best SAC of 0.699 and 0.982 at 1200 Hz respectively. This is equal or better than conventional materials such as mineral wool with SAC values of 0.875 at 1000 Hz. Swelling test however shown that all samples do not meet the criteria by JIS A 5908 for particleboard. Future studies could include the use of green binder and different percentages of EFB, MF and binder.
A Qualitative Study of the Wind Noise Cavity Inside of a Two Way Radio
Authors: Hairudin W M , Kamarudin N M , Ooi L E , Ismail N A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The cavity inside microphone of two-way radio can induced noise when involved in outdoor and windy condition. An investigation was performed in Viwika wind tunnel involving a flow visualizations techniques to clarify the flow noise behavior generated by the wind, particularly within the cavity. A smoke wire test was conducted using a cavity model at varying aspect ratio (L/D) between 0.7 and 3 in angle of attack of 0º with Reynolds number of 7831. A two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models based on k-Epsilon turbulence model were conducted to validate the flow visualization result. The results revealed that the deep cavity with an aspect ratio (L/D) of 0.7 produced a single clockwise vortical flow structure and the aspect ratio (L/D) of 3 show the complex flow structure which two recirculation flow vortices were produced inside the cavity. The flow behavior in the CFD simulation was similar to the smoke test. It is shown the flow behaviour inside cavities was control by the aspect ratio (L/D).
Development of an Ultrasonic Scalpel
Authors: Ngo Yi Bin , Ripin Zaidi Mohd , Yi Chan Ping , Zaini Ridzwan Muhammad Ikhwan , Mamat Ali Wan Mohd Amri Wan , Awang Baharum 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper explains the development of an ultrasonic scalpel for soft tissue dissection. It is used in both open and laparoscopic surgery to coagulate and dissect the soft tissue. The ultrasonic scalpel has been designed, prototyped, and characterized. The development includes its power supply with ultrasonic-wave-signal generator, ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic amplifier, a pair of end effectors, and a casing with trigger mechanism. Conceptual design was done by using SolidWorks, and the conceptual design was simulated and refined until optimum design is obtained. The prototype of the final design was done by using machining process for the metal components and rapid prototyping for the plastic parts which are finally assembled for characterization purpose, which includes the measurement of natural frequency, vibration stroke, and its capability to dissect soft tissue. The result shows that the natural frequency of the ultrasonic scalpel is 29.3 kHz, with peak to peak vibration stroke of 40µm. The ultrasonic scalpel can dissect muscle tissue of chicken in 16.6s at the maximum temperature along the dissection site of 81.7°C.
Modelling of the Human Body Under the Exposure to Recumbent Whole-body Vibration
Authors: Lucas L K , Ko Y H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Human is exposed to whole-body vibration either in sitting, standing or recumbent position. Many studies had been carried out to study the vibration responses and develop the mathematical modelling in sitting and standing vertical position. According to previous studies, the resonant frequencies of the human body were identified to be in the range of 4-6 Hz and 8-12 Hz in the vertical position. Recumbent whole-body vibration also plays an important role as many situations in our everyday life are related to recumbent whole-body vibrations such as riding a train, ambulance transporting a patient or even sleeping. However, the studies of recumbent whole-body vibration are very lacking. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model to identify the response when a human body is subjected to recumbent whole-body vibrations. In this study, a nine degree of freedom mathematical model was developed, and the responses of the body were analyzed using Matlab Simulink. The overall resonant frequency of the body was found to be 1.4 Hz. Meanwhile, the head and neck had two resonant frequencies, which were 1.3 and 3.28 Hz for the head, and 1.4 and 3.4 Hz for the neck. This newly developed mathematical model can be used as a fundamental model to predict the response of any recumbent whole-body vibration.
Modelling and Closed–loop Control System for Magnetorheological Elastomer Linear Actuator
Authors: Hazwan Hadzir M N , Abu Bakar Muhamad Husaini , Abdul Azid Ishak Haji 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Controlling the actuator in micro to microscale positioning is the challenge in the development of smart material actuator. The design of the existing commercial piezoelectric actuator is limited due to the material properties itself such as brittle which require special packaging and protection in order to avoid creep occurred. Magnetorheological linear actuator representing a relative new class in actuator development. the flexibility in MRE material potentially overcome the limitation of the piezoelectric actuator. This paper presenting the development of closed loop control system including the dynamic model, plant model and PID controller for linear MRE actuator. The control system was successfully developed and the MRE linear actuator able to generate the displacement at certain steady state error.
Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics Study of Sediment Profile Erosion
Authors: Azman Aqil , Zawawi M H , Radzi M R M , Abas Aizat , Aziz Nurhanani A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A sediment profile erosion with interaction of water which moving with wave generator are model in three-dimensional (3D) by using numerical method Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). The code is constructed using SPH formulation from Monaghan and both sediment and water are modelled as weakly compressible viscous fluids. The wave generator is set with a constant sinewave of 0.24sin(2.6πt). The sediment model with slope angle 36.464° is constructed in Solidworks with boundary length of 1206 mm, width of 454 mm and height of 463 mm. Meanwhile, the model is simulated in period of 15s. A sensitivity analysis is performed in order to add degree of trustiness to the results. The impact of generated wave to the sediment profile is analysed. The result show that the sediment starts eroded at 3 s. Afterwards, the sediment continued eroded whereby the sediment starts to move from the top region to lower region. This phenomenon due to swash and backwash of the wave that being generated by wave generator. Thus, the results show that the sediment erosion successfully simulated by using SPH.