bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of and factors associated with violations of a campus smoke-free policy: a cross-sectional survey of undergraduate students on a university campus in the USA
Authors: Ramachandran Sujith , Bentley Sandra , Casey Ethan , Bentley John P 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of smoking behaviour on campus and to identify the key factors that influence adherence to a campus smoke-free policy.Design & participantsThis study employed a cross-sectional, self-administered survey of undergraduate students at the University of Mississippi. A random sample of all available undergraduate classes was recruited for data collection. Students were provided a survey that included questions on demographics, alcohol use, smoking status, policy awareness, policy attitudes, smoking attitudes, policy support, barriers to policy success and policy violations.ResultsThe prevalence of past 30-day smoking was 23%. More than 63% of current smokers report ever smoking on campus, but less than 10% ever received a warning or a ticket for their violation. Nearly all respondents (92.5%) reported witnessing someone smoking on campus, and 22% reported witnessing someone receiving a ticket. Barriers to policy success include lack of reminders about the policy, lack of support from students and University administrators, and insufficient fines. Smoking behaviour (OR: 7.96; 95% CI: 5.13 to 12.36), beliefs about policy adherence (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.69), support for the policy (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.91) and attitudes against smoking behaviour (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.49) were all significantly associated with self-reported policy violations.ConclusionsThis study found that violations of the campus smoke-free policy were fairly frequent and the policy has been largely ineffective, indicating a need for other interventions. Approaches to improve adherence to the policy should address barriers such as reminders about the policy, better policy enforcement and support from the administration.
Association of magnesium intake with type 2 diabetes and total stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Binghao , Zeng Lianli , Zhao Jiani , Wu Qian , Dong Yifei , Zou Fang , Gan Li , Wei Yiping , Zhang Wenxiong 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThe detailed associations between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and total stroke and magnesium intake as well as the dose–response trend should be updated in a timely manner.DesignSystematic review and meta-analyses.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov were rigorously searched from inception to 15 March 2019.Eligibility criteriaProspective cohort studies investigating these two diseases were included.Data synthesisRelative risk (RR) and 95% CI in random effects models as well as absolute risk (AR) were pooled to calculate the risk of T2D and stroke. Methodological quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.ResultsForty-one studies involving 53 cohorts were included. The magnitude of the risk was significantly reduced by 22% for T2D (RR 0.78 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.81); p<0.001; AR reduction 0.120%), 11% for total stroke (RR 0.89 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.94); p<0.001; AR reduction 0.281%) and 12% for ischaemic stroke (RR 0.88 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.95); p=0.001; AR reduction 0.246%) when comparing the highest magnesium intake to the lowest. The inverse association still existed when studies on T2D were adjusted for cereal fibre (RR 0.79; p<0.001) and those on total stroke were adjusted for calcium (RR 0.89; p=0.040). Subgroup analyses suggested that the risk for total and ischaemic stroke was significantly decreased in females, participants with ≥25 mg/m2body mass index and those with ≥12-year follow-up; the reduced risk in Asians was not as notable as that in North American and European populations.ConclusionsMagnesium intake has significantly inverse associations with T2D and total stroke in a dose-dependent manner. Feasible magnesium-rich dietary patterns may be highly beneficial for specific populations and could be highlighted in the primary T2D and total stroke prevention strategies disseminated to the public.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018092690.
Using trigger tools to identify triage errors by ambulance dispatch nurses in Sweden: an observational study
Authors: Spangler Douglas , Edmark Lennart , Winblad Ulrika , Colldén-Benneck Jessica , Borg Helena , Blomberg Hans 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess whether trigger tools were useful identifying triage errors among patients referred to non-emergency care by emergency medical dispatch nurses, and to describe the characteristics of these patients.DesignAn observational study of patients referred by dispatch nurses to non-emergency care.SettingDispatch centres in two Swedish regions.ParticipantsA total of 1089 adult patients directed to non-emergency care by dispatch nurses between October 2016 and February 2017. 53% were female and the median age was 61 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was a visit to an emergency department within 7 days of contact with the dispatch centre. Secondary outcomes were (1) visits related to the primary contact with the dispatch centre, (2) provision of care above the primary level (ie, interventions not available at a typical local primary care centre) and (3) admission to hospital in-patient care.ResultsOf 1089 included patients, 260 (24%) visited an emergency department within 7 days. Of these, 209 (80%) were related to the dispatch centre contact, 143 (55%) received interventions above the primary care level and 99 (38%) were admitted to in-patient care. Elderly (65+) patients (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.98) and patients referred onwards to other healthcare providers (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.19) had higher likelihoods of visiting an emergency department. Six avoidable patient harms were identified, none of which were captured by existing incident reporting systems, and all of which would have received an ambulance if the decision support system had been strictly adhered to.ConclusionThe use of these patient outcomes in the framework of a Global Trigger Tool-based review can identify patient harms missed by incident reporting systems in the context of emergency medical dispatching. Increased compliance with the decision support system has the potential to improve patient safety.
Mindfulness-based programme for residents: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Aeschbach Vanessa Marie-Jane , Fendel Johannes Caspar , Göritz Anja Simone , Schmidt Stefan 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionResidency is a stressful phase associated with high prevalence of mental distress. Besides impaired personal health, mental distress in residents has an impact on the quality of patient care and produces economic costs. Therefore, there is demand for interventions that improve resident physicians’ mental health. The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention that has been tailored to residents’ needs. Specifically, mindfulness has been supplemented by a focus on the concept of Muße.Methods and analysisThis study applies a randomised controlled multimethod design. Residents assigned to the intervention group will participate in an 8-week mindfulness course followed by a 4-month maintenance phase, whereas residents assigned to the control group will read text-based information about mindfulness on a weekly basis for the duration of 8 weeks. The intervention is focussed on a transfer of learnt techniques into the daily routine and is targeted to promote residents’ self-care as well as on building empathic relationships. Participants will be assessed before, directly after the intervention, after the maintenance phase as well as at follow-up 6 months after the intervention group completes the intervention. Assessments will consist of self-report measures, physiological data, qualitative interviews, third-party reports as well as implicit and projective measures and will focus on both psychopathology and salutogenesis. The primary outcome will be burnout. Data will be analysed using linear mixed modelling.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the ethics committee of the Medical Center - University of Freiburg and is funded by the German Research Foundation as part of the interdisciplinary Collaborative Research Center ‘SFB Muße 1015’. The results of this study will be published in scientific journals and disseminated through the study’s website, and conferences.Trial registration numberDRKS00014015.
Impact of a short version of the CONSORT checklist for peer reviewers to improve the reporting of randomised controlled trials published in biomedical journals: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Speich Benjamin , Schroter Sara , Briel Matthias , Moher David , Puebla Iratxe , Clark Alejandra , Maia Schlüssel Michael , Ravaud Philippe , Boutron Isabelle , Hopewell Sally 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionTransparent and accurate reporting is essential for readers to adequately interpret the results of a study. Journals can play a vital role in improving the reporting of published randomised controlled trials (RCTs). We describe an RCT to evaluate our hypothesis that asking peer reviewers to check whether the most important and poorly reported CONsolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) items are adequately reported will result in higher adherence to CONSORT guidelines in published RCTs.Methods and analysisManuscripts presenting the primary results of RCTs submitted to participating journals will be randomised to either the intervention group (peer reviewers will receive a reminder and short explanation of the 10 most important and poorly reported CONSORT items; they will be asked to check if these items are reported in the submitted manuscript) or a control group (usual journal practice). The primary outcome will be the mean proportion of the 10 items that are adequately reported in the published articles. Peer reviewers and manuscript authors will not be informed of the study hypothesis, design or intervention. Outcomes will be assessed in duplicate from published articles by two data extractors (at least one blinded to the intervention). We will enrol eligible manuscripts until a minimum of 83 articles per group (166 in total) are published.Ethics and disseminationThis pragmatic RCT was approved by the Medical Sciences Interdivisional Research Ethics Committee of the University of Oxford (R62779/RE001). If this intervention is effective, it could be implemented by all medical journals without requiring large additional resources at journal level. Findings will be disseminated through presentations in relevant conferences and peer-reviewed publications. This trial is registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/c4hn8).
Perceived addiction to vaping among youth and young adult regular vapers
Authors: Camara-Medeiros Alexia , Diemert Lori , O'Connor Shawn , Schwartz Robert , Eissenberg Thomas , Cohen Joanna E 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe prevalence of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults has increased markedly in recent years; however, little is known about young people’s perceptions of e-cigarette addiction. This study examines factors associated with self-reported addiction to e-cigarette use among this population.MethodsIn 2018, 1048 Canadians aged 16–25 years were recruited through online social media platforms to complete a survey. Quota sampling was used to oversample regular e-cigarette users (vaping at least weekly); these 578 regular users were included in this analysis. Self-perceived addiction was assessed by asking participants if they felt they were ‘very’, ‘somewhat’ or ‘not at all’ addicted to e-cigarettes. A proportional odds model was employed to identify factors associated with the ordinal outcome.ResultsAlmost half of regular users perceived themselves to be ‘not at all addicted’, 41% felt they were ‘somewhat addicted’ and 13% felt they were very addicted to e-cigarettes. Women, former cigarette smokers, daily vapers and those vaping for more than a year were more likely to report higher levels of perceived addiction. Similarly, high sensation-seeking youth, those reading blogs and websites about vaping, those frequently dripping and those using higher nicotine strengths had a greater likelihood of higher perceived addiction than their respective counterparts.ConclusionMore than half of youth and young adult regular e-cigarette users felt they had some level of addiction. The findings identify possible opportunities for targeted programming for education and treatment, as well as potential opportunities for policy change such as maximum allowable nicotine strengths.
Trends in affordability of tobacco products before and after the transition to GST in India
Authors: John Rijo M , Dauchy Estelle 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate the trends in affordability of bidis, cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (SLT) in India and examine the impact of transition from the earlier indirect taxation system to the new goods and services tax (GST) on the affordability.MethodsRetail price data and per-capita gross domestic product data were used to examine the trends in affordability of cigarettes, bidis and SLT from 2007–2008 to 2018–2019. Relative income price defined as the share of real per-capita income required to purchase a given quantity of a product was used to measure affordability. Changes in affordability were decomposed to disaggregate the effects of real prices or income changes.FindingsOn average, cigarettes, bidis and SLT have become increasingly affordable over the past 10 years. Bidis were found to be nine times more affordable than cigarettes. The GST has accentuated the increase in the affordability of cigarettes and SLT, and did not significantly alter the high affordability of bidis. In general, states with high (low) value-added tax rates during the pre-GST period experienced increases (decreases) in tobacco products’ affordability after GST.ConclusionBidis continue to be highly affordable while the affordability of cigarettes and SLT increased mainly due to lack of any tax changes after GST and the growth in per-capita income. To effectively reduce affordability, significant increase in either the excise taxes and/or the compensation cess—a temporary duty in addition to GST—is warranted. Compensation cess should also be applied on bidis to address the huge tobacco use problem in India.
The geomagnetic field's imprint on the twentieth century's climate variability
Authors: Kilifarska N. A. , Bakhmutov V. G. , Melnyk G. V. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The existing controversy regarding the climatic response to given changes in the geomagnetic field intensity (e.g. climate cooling or warming in periods of geomagnetic field strengthening) raises scepticism about the existence of any relationship between both variables. The main shortcomings of the recent understanding of the geomagnetic field–climate relationship are the expectations for: (i) its universal character over the globe; and (ii) the zonal homogeneity of this relationship. This paper offers a new conceptual framework aimed at resolving the existing controversy and explaining the mechanism for the appearance of geomagnetic footprints on climatic records.
We show that particles trapped in the Earth's radiation belts are subject to geomagnetic lensing in the parts of their trajectories closest to the surface, being focused or defocused at different regions over the world. The irregularly distributed ionization, created in such a way near the tropopause, activates various ion–molecular reactionships which affect the atmospheric composition there. Thus, the regional changes in the ozone and water vapour are furthermore projected onto the surface temperature and pressure. Consequently, the geomagnetic field–climate relationship is not a rigid but, rather, a flexible one because it is mediated by the near-tropopause ionization, ozone and humidity, with each of them being subject to the other's influence.
Teaching teachers to offer STEM to undergrads
Authors: Guzdial Mark 
Published: March 2020

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Mark Guzdial considers how teaching computing to undergraduates requires better education of the teachers as well.
Deuteronomy Reads the Pentateuch
Authors: Baden Joel S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The parallel narratives in Deuteronomy and in Exodus-Numbers have long provided a basis for literary-historical investigations of the composition of the Pentateuch. They also, however, contribute significantly to a canonical reading of Deuteronomy and its place in the Pentateuch. The parallel stories - and specifically the differences between them - allow for a sharper definition of Deuteronomy’s message, the character of Moses, and the nature of biblical interpretation.
Deuteronomy’s Prodigal Son: Deut. 21:18-21 and the Agenda of the D Source
Authors: Boyd Samuel L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article examines the ways in which the law of the rebellious and stubborn son in Deut. 21:18-21 supports the agenda of the D source to subordinate any basis of authority in ancient Israel to its own legal vision of centralization. In particular, I explore theories regarding the origin of Deut. 21:18-21 as pre-deuteronomic and argue that, whatever its pre-history, the law of the rebellious and stubborn son functions well in the legal and religious rhetoric of D. I further support this analysis of Deut. 21:18-21 by recourse to and comparison with similar family laws in the Covenant Code and Holiness Legislation. Finally, I offer thoughts on the manner in which the severity of Deut. 21:18-21 explains two facets of the reception history of this passage.
Punctuating Paul’s Letters in Light of the Ancient Theory of Côla and Periods
Authors: Marschall Priscille 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article argues that the micro-structure of Paul’s letters is intrinsically linked to an aural logic. Taking 2 Corinthians 10:8-11 as an example and using the notions of côlon and period as described in the rhetoric and stylistic treatises of the Graeco-Roman world, I will show both the methods and the extent to which it is possible to reconstitute its original “punctuation” – i.e., the different breaks that punctuated this passage when it was read aloud. This will allow me to shed new light on the structure of the passage and, especially, on the debated question of the place of verse 9, namely the extent to which it is linked with either verse 8 or verses 10-11, or is rather independent. More generally, this article is an invitation to develop colometric analysis as an additional tool in debates concerning micro-structure and punctuation of NT texts.
How GDPR Enhances Transparency and Fosters Pseudonymisation in Academic Medical Research
Authors: Verhenneman G. , Claes K. , Derèze J.J. , Herijgers P. , Mathieu C. , Rademakers F.E. , Reyda R. , Vanautgaerden M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has dotted the i’s and crossed the t’s in the context of academic medical research. One year into GDPR, it is clear that a change of mind and the uptake of new procedures is required. Research organisations have been looking at the possibility to establish a code-of-conduct, good practices and/or guidelines for researchers that translate GDPR’s abstract principles to concrete measures suitable for implementation. We introduce a proposal for the implementation of GDPR in the context of academic research which involves the processing of health related data, as developed by a multidisciplinary team at the University Hospitals Leuven. The proposal is based on three elements, three stages and six specific safeguards. Transparency and pseudonymisation are considered key to find a balance between the need for researchers to collect and analyse personal data and the increasing wish of data subjects for informational control.
Late Termination of Pregnancy in Belgium: Exploring Its Legality and Scope
Authors: De Meyer Fien 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Termination of pregnancy when the foetus is considered viable remains a legal and ethical challenge for lawmakers and society. In Belgium, the lawfulness of late termination of pregnancy is contested by legal scholars up until today. Through statutory interpretation, this analysis demonstrates that this controversy is unwarranted and that termination of pregnancy for particularly severe and incurable foetal abnormality or for serious threats to the health of the pregnant person is also permitted after foetal viability. Nonetheless, by using open terms the Belgian Act on the Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy creates considerable legal uncertainty. Drawing on a comparison with the regulatory frameworks of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, this article underlines the need for increased multidisciplinary debate, medical guidance, and scientific research on late termination of pregnancy in Belgium.
Stones Alive!
Authors: Janowski Monica 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article explores the significance of stone in Southeast Asia, arguing that within the animistic ontologies of the region stone is a central cosmological concept. Stone, for the people of this region, is a locus of sentience, expressed through the presence of spirits. Cosmic power, which is equivalent to vital force, is believed to flow through the cosmos, flowing fastest in water and coalescing in stone. Stone is a source of power and life and is associated with origins and ancestors; the placing of stone is associated with status and becoming a significant ancestor. Southeast Asian ontologies, which regard the material world as made up of a constant flow of cosmic power, closely identified with life itself, do not separate mind and matter and see stone as alive. Stone is a lens through which we can view these ontologies and perhaps even question our own.
A Political Dance in the Rain
Authors: Engchuan Rosalia Namsai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Queer films are largely absent from Indonesian cinema and television screens due to the country’s current climate of LGBT ‘moral panic’. This article examines how, two decades after the reformation, Indonesian film practitioners are forced to navigate complex configurations of power and knowledge—negotiating social, political, and religious entanglements through their cinematic practices. My analysis is focused on komunitas film (film community/ies) and, more specifically, events and activities surrounding Luhki Herwanayogi’s short film On Friday Noon (2016), which chronicles the emotionally and physically fraught journey of a transgender Muslim woman as she seeks to perform Friday prayers. Drawing on this example, the article explores the disruptive potential of cinematic practice to challenge and nullify the ostensible binary between Islam and queerness, showing alternative ways of being Muslim in contemporary Indonesia, where piety and sexual identity often come together in unexpected ways.