bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure of Porous Metals Based on Strain Energy Density Criterion
Authors: Elruby A. Y. , Nakhla Sam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Porosity in metals is well known to influence the mechanical behavior, namely, the elastic response, the plastic behavior, and the material loading capacity. The main focus of the current work is to investigate the failure of porous metals. Extensive literature search was conducted to identify failure mechanisms associated with the increase of porosity for up to 15% by volume. Consequently, micromechanical modeling is utilized to investigate the damage process at microlengths. Finally, a complete macromechanical modeling approach is proposed for specimen-sized models. The approach utilizes the extended Ramberg–Osgood relationship for the elastoplastic behavior, while the failure is predicted using a strain energy-based failure criterion capturing the effect of porosity. The proposed approach is validated against several testing results for different metals at various porosity levels.
Management of thoracoabdominal neuroblastoma: a 13-year experience
Authors: Chui Chan Hon , Lee Anselm 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThoracoabdominal neuroblastoma is a unique surgical challenge. We reviewed our experience focusing on disease patterns and corresponding surgical approaches.MethodsAmong 310 patients in our neuroblastoma database, 30 (9.7%) had thoracoabdominal neuroblastoma. Patients’ clinical charts were reviewed and analyzed. Two disease patterns were identified: solitary thoracoabdominal tumor (group A, n=15) and multifocal tumors in thorax and abdomen (group B, n=15). Operative approaches were categorized based on routes of surgical access.ResultsThirty patients with average age of 4.1 (range 0.8–12.8) years were studied. All received preoperative chemotherapy. Among 15 group A patients, four were stage 3 intermediate risk (IR) and 11 were stage 4 high risk (HR). Surgical approaches included single-incision thoracoabdominal approach (n=10), laparotomy-cum-transdiaphragmatic approach (n=3), and laparotomy-cum-thoracotomy approach (n=2). One patient had 10% residual disease and the rest achieved gross total resection. Postoperative complications included chylous ascites (n=3), intestinal obstruction (n=3), pneumonia (n=1), spinal cord infarction (n=1) scoliosis (n=2) and thoracoabdominal nerves palsy (n=3). Among 15 group B patients, all were stage 4 with five IR and 10 HR. Thoracic components were found in the posterior mediastinum (n=7), superior mediastinum (n=4), middle mediastinum (n=1), parietal pleura (n=3) and lungs (n=3). Surgical approaches included multi-incision laparotomy-cum-thoracotomy (n=14) and laparotomy-cum-transdiaphragmatic approach (n=1). Gross total resection was achieved in all surgeries. Postoperative complications included chylous ascites (n=3). Overall, all nine IR patients survived without evidence of disease and 9 (42.8%) HR patients died of disease. There was no perioperative mortality.ConclusionSurgical resection of thoracoabdominal neuroblastoma is feasible and safe. Despite its complexity, thoracoabdominal neuroblastoma has comparable treatment outcomes when compared with single-compartmental disease.
A 15-Gene Immune, Stromal, and Proliferation Gene Signature that Significantly Associates with Poor Survival in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kandimalla Raju , Tomihara Hideo , Banwait Jasjit K. , Yamamura Kensuke , Singh Gagandeep , Baba Hideo , Goel Ajay 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease with dismal survival rates. Tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising of immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, plays a key role in driving poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Herein, we aimed to identify a TME-associated, risk-stratification gene biomarker signature in PDAC.

Experimental Design:
The initial biomarker discovery was performed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n = 163) transcriptomic data. This was followed by independent validation of the gene signature in the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC, n = 95), E-MTAB-6134 (n = 288), and GSE71729 (n = 123) datasets for predicting overall survival (OS), and for its ability to detect poor molecular subtypes. Clinical validation and nomogram establishment was undertaken by performing multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Results:
Our biomarker discovery effort identified a 15-gene immune, stromal, and proliferation (ISP) gene signature that significantly associated with poor OS [HR, 3.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.36–6.41; P &lt; 0.0001]. This signature also robustly predicted survival in three independent validation cohorts ICGC [HR, 2.63 (1.56–4.41); P &lt; 0.0001], E-MTAB-6134 [HR, 1.53 (1.14–2.04); P = 0.004], and GSE71729 [HR, 2.33 (1.49–3.63); P &lt; 0.0001]. Interestingly, the ISP signature also permitted identification of poor molecular PDAC subtypes with excellent accuracy in all four cohorts; TCGA (AUC = 0.94), ICGC (AUC = 0.91), E-MTAB-6134 (AUC = 0.80), and GSE71729 (AUC = 0.83). The ISP-derived high-risk patients exhibited significantly poor OS in a clinical validation cohort [n = 119; HR, 2.62 (1.50–4.56); P = 0.0004]. A nomogram was established which included the ISP, CA19-9, and T- and N-stage for eventual clinical translation.

Conclusions:
We report a novel gene signature for risk-stratification and robust identification of patients with PDAC with poor molecular subtypes.
Assistência dos profissionais de saúde às crianças e adolescentes em situações de violência
Authors: Freitas Rodrigo Jácob Moreira de , Moura Natana Abreu de , Feitosa Rúbia Mara Maia , Lima Deivson Wendell da Costa , Azevedo Livia Dayane Sousa , Monteiro Ana Ruth Macêdo 
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: compreender a assistência realizada pelos profissionais de saúde às crianças e adolescentes que vivenciam situações de violência. Método: pesquisa fenomenológica por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, aplicadas de setembro a dezembro de 2015, com nove profissionais de saúde do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenil da capital do Ceará, Brasil. As falas transcritas foram categorizadas e analisadas conforme o referencial teórico da Fenomenologia Social de Alfred Schütz. Resultados: os entrevistados realizaram consultas individuais e atividades de grupo para explorar os sentimentos, conflitos e percepções das vítimas. Além disso, assistiram a família e desenvolveram ações com profissionais de outros serviços em busca de resoluções das questões sociais dos casos de violência. Conclusão: os profissionais de saúde precisam conhecer as motivações e os significados que eles atribuem às suas experiências com vítimas de violência para embasar novas ações nos serviços de saúde.
Características de usuários com diagnóstico de Transtorno Depressivo atendidos em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial
Authors: Lima Lorraine Garbellini Barbosa , Santos Ariana Elite dos , Santos Bruna Lopes Cardoso dos , Pedrão Luiz Jorge 
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: descrever o perfil de usuários diagnosticados com transtorno depressivo atendidos em um centro de atenção psicossocial de um município do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Método: quantitativo, descritivo, exploratório, de natureza epidemiológica. Os dados foram extraídos do prontuário de usuários atendidos dentro do período selecionado, compilados em planilha do Microsoft Excel 2016 e analisados no software estatístico Stata 16. Resultados: prevalência do sexo feminino, idade média de 48 anos, sem companheiro (a), sem variação significativado histórico familiar, um nível de escolaridade que permite o seu ingresso no mercado de trabalho, sem comorbidades, que não utilizam substâncias químicas e sem variação significativa à ideação suicida. Conclusão: com a análise das variáveis, foi possível compreender melhor as características dos usuários, o que poderá contribuir para planejamentos assistenciais mais adequados a essa população.
Pausanias’ Careful Language of Sexual Violence
Authors: Cundy Jody Ellyn 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article considers the vocabulary of sexual violence in the Periegesis Hellados. The vocabulary of sexual assault in the Periegesis encompasses the related noun and verb pairings ἁρπαγή and ἁρπάζω, αἰσχύνη and αἰσχύνω, βία and βιάζω, and ὕβρις, ὑβρίζω. All denote ‘rape’ defined as ‘nonconsensual sex’ (though matters of consent are sometimes ambiguous), but they are not used interchangeably in the text. Several patterns emerge from this analysis: first, the language of violence and sacrilege correlates with suffering in Pausanias’ usage, so the more explicitly violent and transgressive the sexual assault, the more likely it is that aspects of the victim’s experience and agency will be included in the account. Second, racial formation is a key operator in the narratives of sexual assault, so Greek stereotypes about barbarian alterity are amplified in the representations of rape in Pausanias’ text.
The Music of Sacrifice
Authors: Sfyroeras Pavlos 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The widely attested use of music in sacrificial ritual invites us to consider how it shapes the participants’ perception of both. I argue that ritual gestures and musical accompaniment complement each other to define the parameters of the divine presence in the cultic moment. On the one hand, in light of Hesiod’s canonical aetiology, sacrifice divides mortals and immortals, as they partake of different parts of the sacrificial victim. On the other hand, according to our various literary sources, music elicits identical responses from gods and men; human pleasure, in fact, is projected onto a divinity that is understood as fully present among the human spectators and/or performers. A corollary is that in visual and literary depictions divine musicians serve as models for what is essentially a human activity. While gods are imagined as recipients of sacrificial offerings, it is only music that makes them into full participants.
‘Tuning the Lyre, Tuning the Soul’
Authors: Lynch Tosca A.C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper will focus on Plato’s thought-provoking depiction of justice as special kind of harmonia (Resp. 4.443c-444a) that epitomises the best possible organisation of the soul, exploring his nuanced use of the model of lyre tunings in performative, theoretical as well as educational terms. By comparing Plato’s use of harmonic imagery with technical discussions of lyre tunings and their key role in educational settings, I will show how Plato exploited distinctive features of traditional Greek lyre harmoniai to give shape to his innovative understanding of the structure of the soul and the harmonious, but not strifeless, relationship between its individual components. In the second part of this paper, I will look at how the model outlined in the Republic sheds light on the musical structure that gives shape to the World Soul in the Timaeus, advancing a new interpretation of its elusive harmonic organisation.
The Notion of Synthesis in Harmonic Science (and Beyond)
Authors: Rocconi Eleonora 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In ancient Greece, harmonics fully acquires the dignity of ‘science’ thanks to Aristoxenus of Tarentum, who first gives an account of a rigorous method of analysis of the structures underlying melodies. One of the most interesting concepts discussed in his extant writings is the notion of synthesis, which he uses to describe any orderly combination of elements (whether they are sounds, intervals or letters) into a sequence. This principle, which according to him governs the way of combining items in patterns, is described as a ‘natural’ principle (i.e. inherent in melos or lexis) and lies at the very bottom of his idea of ‘attuned melody’ (melos hērmosmenon), the specific object under investigation in his harmonics. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the pivotal significance of this notion within Aristoxenus’ thought and to identify its reception in later authors, not only within harmonics but also within the realm of rhetoric.
The Impact of Changes in Tropical Sea Surface Temperatures over 1979–2012 on Northern Hemisphere High-Latitude Climate
Authors: McCrystall Michelle R. , Hosking J. Scott , White Ian P. , Maycock Amanda C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhile rapid changes in Arctic climate over recent decades are widely documented, the importance of different driving mechanisms is still debated. A previous study proposed a causal connection between recent tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) trends and circulation changes over northern Canada and Greenland (NCG). Here, using the HadGEM3-A model, we perform a suite of sensitivity experiments to investigate the influence of tropical SSTs on winter atmospheric circulation over NCG. The experiments are forced with observed SST changes between an “early” (1979–88) and “late” period (2003–12) and applied across the entire tropics (TropSST), the tropical Pacific (PacSST), and the tropical Atlantic (AtlSST). In contrast to the previous study, all three experiments show a negative 200-hPa eddy geopotential height (Z200) anomaly over NCG in winter, which is similar to the response in AMIP experiments from four other climate models. The positive Z200 NCG anomaly in ERA-Interim between the two periods is inside the bounds of internal variability estimated from bootstrap sampling. The NCG circulation anomaly in the TropSST experiment is associated with a Rossby wave train originating from the tropical Pacific, with an important contribution coming from the tropical Atlantic SSTs connected via an atmospheric bridge through the tropical Pacific. This generates anomalous upper-level convergence and a positive Rossby wave source anomaly near the North Pacific jet exit region. Hence, while a tropics–Arctic teleconnection is evident, its influence on recent Arctic regional climate differs from observed changes and warrants further research.
Severity assessment using three common behavioral or locomotor tests after laparotomy in rats: a pilot study
Authors: Zieglowski Leonie , Kümmecke Anna , Ernst Lisa , Schulz Mareike , Talbot Steven R , Palme Rupert , Czaplik Michael , Tolba René H 
Published: March 2020

The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate whether behavioral or locomotor tests (Open Field (OF), rotarod (RR), and CatWalk (CW)) can help assess the severity of laparotomy in rats. The new EU Directive (2010/63/EU) mandates severity assessment in experiments involving animals. However, validated and objective methods are needed to relate trial-specific monitoring results to the degree of distress caused to individual animals. Therefore, we focused on non-invasive or minimally invasive, simple, and convenient severity assessment methods in a surgical model. To evaluate surgical severity in this model, we compared moving velocity among three commonly used behavioral test methods (OF, RR, and CW) after midline laparotomy within postoperative 7 days. In this study, 30 adult male Wistar Han rats ( n = 10 per test) were trained in their assigned test method and subsequently subjected to surgery. Severity scoring was performed daily using a modified score sheet developed previously. In addition, blood and fecal samples were collected to analyze surgical and postoperative corticosterone metabolite levels. We found significant differences among the experimental groups in terms of the analyzed parameters. In this context, the OF test was found to be the most suitable method for severity assessment after laparotomy in rats.
Transscleral versus endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation outcomes for refractory glaucoma
Authors: Lanzagorta-Aresti Aitor , Montolío-Marzo Santiago , Davó-Cabrera Juan María , Piá-Ludeña Jose Vicente 
Published: March 2020

Objectives: Evaluate the efficacy of transscleral cyclophotocoagulation versus endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation to reduce intraocular pressure. Methods: A retrospective, non-randomized cohort study with 1 year of follow-up included 62 eyes of 62 refractory glaucoma patients who underwent transscleral cyclophotocoagulation or endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation. Results: Thirty-two patients were enrolled in transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group and 30 patients in endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation group, and the follow-up period was 1 year. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 35.6 ± 12.9 mm Hg in the transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group and 31.8 ± 8.8 mm Hg in the endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation group without significant difference ( p = 0.18). When we compare both groups, there was no difference at 1 month ( p = 0.46) and 3 months ( p = 0.21) after surgery. However, there was a statistically significant difference at month 6 ( p = 0.0055) and 1 year ( p = 0.0019), finding lower intraocular pressure in the transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group. Cumulative success for intraocular pressure <21 mm Hg was 93.8% in transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group and 83.3% in endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation group after 1 year ( p = 0.2). For intraocular pressure <18 mm Hg, the success rate was 78.1% in transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group and 63.3% in endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation group ( p = 0.06), and for intraocular pressure <16 mm Hg, the success rate was 62.5% in transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group and 43.3% in endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation group ( p = 0.02). Hypotony ( p = 0.01) and vision loss of two lines ( p = 0.01) were statistically significant lower in endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation group. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that both transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation are effective at decreasing intraocular pressure. However, transscleral cyclophotocoagulation is related to more complications than endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation, whereas endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation shows lower intraocular pressure decrease than transscleral cyclophotocoagulation.
Profile and treatment of chronic coronary syndromes in European Society of Cardiology member countries: The ESC EORP CICD-LT registry
Authors: Komajda Michel , Cosentino Francesco , Ferrari Roberto , Kerneis Mathieu , Kosmachova Elena , Laroche Cécile , Maggioni Aldo P , Rittger Harald , Steg Philippe G , Szwed Hanna , Tavazzi Luigi , Valgimigli Marco , Gale Chris P ,   the CICD investigators group
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
International guidelines recommend pharmacotherapy combinations for chronic coronary syndromes (CCSs) but medical management remains suboptimal.

Design
The CICD-LT registry is investigating short- and long-term outcomes and management in patients in European Society of Cardiology (ESC) member countries, in a longitudinal ESC EURObservational Research Programme aimed at improving CCS management.

Methods
Between 1 May 2015 and 31 July 2018, 9174 patients with previous ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI or coronary revascularisation, or other CCS, were recruited during a routine ambulatory visit or elective revascularisation procedure. Baseline clinical data were recorded and prescribed medications analysed at initial contact and discharge, and according to patient gender and age (&lt;75 vs. ≥75 years).

Results
Poorly controlled cardiovascular risk factors, including current smoking (18.5%), obesity (33.9%), diabetes (25.8%), raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (73.3%) and persistent hypertension (24.7%), were common across all cohorts. At ambulatory visit or admission, the guidelines-recommended combination of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, beta-blocker, aspirin, statin and any antiplatelet agent was prescribed to 57.8% of patients with STEMI/NSTEMI. Differences in prescribing rates, including for combination therapies, were observed based on age and gender and persisted after adjustment for demographic factors.

Conclusions
Cardiovascular risk factors were common in contemporary CCS patients and secondary prevention prescribing was suboptimal. Patients aged ≥75 years and, to some extent, female patients were less likely to receive guidelines-recommended drug combinations than younger and male patients. One- and two-year follow-up will study prescribing changes and associations between baseline characteristics/prescribing and subsequent clinical outcomes.
The Admit-AF risk score: A clinical risk score for predicting hospital admissions in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Meyre Pascal , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Blum Steffen , Coslovsky Michael , Beer Jürg H , Moschovitis Giorgio , Rodondi Nicolas , Baretella Oliver , Kobza Richard , Sticherling Christian , Bonati Leo H , Schwenkglenks Matthias , Kühne Michael , Osswald Stefan , Conen David ,   the Swiss-AF and BEAT-AF Investigators
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Aims
To develop and externally validate a risk score for all-cause hospital admissions in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Methods and results
We used a prospective cohort of 2387 patients with established atrial fibrillation as derivation cohort. Independent risk factors were selected from a broad range of variables using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method fit to a Cox model. The risk score was validated in a separate prospective cohort of 1300 atrial fibrillation patients. The incidence of all-cause hospital admission was 19.1 per 100 person-years in the derivation cohort and it was 26.1 per 100 person-years in the validation cohort. The most important predictors for admission were age (75–79 years: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.78; 80–84 years: aHR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.11–2.03; ≥85 years: aHR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.36–2.62), prior pulmonary vein isolation (aHR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.58–0.88), hypertension (aHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.99–1.36), diabetes (aHR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.17–1.62), coronary heart disease (aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02–1.36), prior stroke/transient ischaemic attack (aHR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.18–1.47), heart failure (aHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03–1.39), peripheral artery disease (aHR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.08–1.67), cancer (aHR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.12–1.57), renal failure (aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.99–1.37) and previous falls (aHR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.13–1.74). A risk score with these variables was well calibrated, and achieved a C-index of 0.64 in the derivation and 0.59 in the validation cohort.

Conclusions
Multiple risk factors were associated with hospital admissions in atrial fibrillation patients. This prediction tool selects high-risk patients who may benefit from preventive interventions.