bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Takes Part in the Political Game? The Sex Work Governance Debate in Israel
Authors: Levy-Aronovic Stephanie , Lahav-Raz Yeela , Raz Aviad 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
This study explores the recent neo-abolitionist legislation of the Israeli sex industry by illustrating the competing claims of various stakeholders: those leading the legal change and those protesting it. The main question is how Israeli sex workers perceive the public debate over governing the Israeli sex industry.

Methods
This study combines qualitative methods that include ethnographic observations and interviews. The ethnographic observations were carried out between November 2018 and October 2019 in gatherings, protests, and academic conferences where sex workers were the lead speakers. In addition, 16 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with sex workers across various indoor sectors, and four interviews were conducted with political figures to learn about their efforts to adopt neo-abolitionist legislation.

Results
the Israeli legislative proceedings initiated in 2007 deny sex workers a voice and exclude them from the political space and policy debates that have a direct bearing on their working lives and wellbeing. Thus, Israeli sex workers perceive sex work governance as controlling their agency and deepening their stigmatization. In this process, we show how contrasting groups became strange bedfellows in their attempt to protect sex workers by incriminating clients of the sex industry.

Conclusions
We conclude that the binary framings of debates about sex work in Israel do not address the actual needs or political desires of sex workers who are ignored and excluded from the discourse about them.

Policy Implications
Furthermore, we conclude that the issue at hand is not about permitting sex workers to express their views but rather about the need to listen to their critiques to ensure that policy is built on their knowledge and experience.
Semen Biochemical Components in Varicocele, Leukocytospermia, and Idiopathic Infertility
Authors: Collodel Giulia , Signorini Cinzia , Nerucci Fabiola , Gambera Laura , Iacoponi Francesca , Moretti Elena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe evaluation of the seminal plasma plays a relevant role in the definition of male infertility and in assisted reproduction outcomes; for this reason, it would be recommended to find biochemical markers able to characterize sperm pathology. In this study, 53 infertile patients (grouped by the presence leukocytospermia, idiopathic infertility, or varicocele) and 10 fertile men were selected. Spermiogram was performed by light microscopy, and sperm ultrastructure was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) mathematically elaborated. Testosterone (TESTO), estradiol (E2), ferritin (FERR), iron (Fe), transferrin (TRSF), triglycerides (TRG), cholesterol (CHOL), and isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) were detected in seminal plasma. Sperm characteristics and biochemical components were correlated by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient in the whole population and in each group. The levels of TESTO and E2 were positively correlated with sperm quality in particular, and E2 was correlated with fertility index expressing the number of sperm free of ultrastructural defects evaluated by TEM. On the contrary, the indices of iron metabolism (FERR, Fe, and TRSF) were positively associated with low sperm quality and sperm necrosis, particularly in leukocytospermia and varicocele groups, pathologies in which an inflammatory status and oxidative stress condition are present. The study of the seminal plasma composition deserves attention because the levels of the various components seem to be associated with specific reproductive pathologies.
Male Sexual Function After Pediatric Kidney Transplantation—A Cross-sectional Nationwide Study
Authors: Tainio Juuso , Jahnukainen Timo , Jalanko Hannu , Jahnukainen Kirsi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Data on adult sexual functioning after kidney transplantation (KTx) during childhood or adolescence are scarce.

Aim
To assess the long-term sexual and psychosocial quality of life after pediatric KTx.

Methods
29 young men (median age 27.1 years) were examined 18.7 years (median) after KTx. 56 age-matched healthy men (median age 30.0 years) served as controls.

Outcome
We studied the influence of sociodemographics, previous renal replacement therapy, current reproductive hormonal serum levels, testicular size, and data on several validated mental and physical questionnaires on participants' Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning self-report scores.

Results
The KTx recipients had significantly poorer sexual functioning than their healthy peers. KTx men had less frequent sexual activity with a partner (P = .03) and poorer orgasms (P = .002) than the controls but no erectile dysfunction (P = .5).

Clinical implications
Depressive symptoms, relationship status, and longer dialysis duration predicted poor adult sexual functioning in KTx recipients, whereas age at transplantation or at the time of the study did not.

Strengths & Limitations
This study contributes extended follow-up data to the very scarce literature on adult sexual functioning in pediatric KTx recipients. Relatively small population and low participation rate limit the comprehensive data interpretation in a population-based cohort of male KTx recipients.

Conclusion
Sexual functioning is often impaired in young men after pediatric KTx, emphasizing the need for long-term monitoring of sexual health and sexuality as important dimensions of quality of life.
Numerical modelling of thin anisotropic membrane under dynamic load
Authors: Aksenov V.V. , Vasyukov A.V. , Petrov I.B. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThis work aims to describe a mathematical model and a numerical method to simulate a thin anisotropic membrane moving and deforming in 3D space under a dynamic load of an arbitrary time and space profile. The anisotropic continuum medium model described in the article can be used to model a membrane made of composite material using its effective elastic parameters. The model and the method allow the consideration of problems when the quasi-static approximation is not valid and elastic waves caused by the impact should be calculated. The model and the method can be used for numerical study of different processes in thin composite layers, such as shock load, ultrasound propagation, non-destructive testing procedures and vibrations. The thin membrane is considered as a 2D object in 3D space, an approach that allows a reduction in the computational time compared with full 3D models, while still having an arbitrary material rheology and load profile.
N-BERKELEY CARDINALS AND WEAK EXTENDER MODELS
Authors: CUTOLO RAFFAELLA 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor a given inner model N of ZFC, one can consider the relativized version of Berkeley cardinals in the context of ZFC, and ask if there can exist an “N-Berkeley cardinal.” In this article we provide a positive answer to this question. Indeed, under the assumption of a supercompact cardinal
$\delta $
, we show that there exists a ZFC inner model N such that there is a cardinal which is N-Berkeley, even in a strong sense. Further, the involved model N is a weak extender model of
$\delta $
is supercompact. Finally, we prove that the strong version of N-Berkeley cardinals turns out to be inconsistent whenever N satisfies closure under
$\omega $
-sequences.
On decay rates of the solutions of parabolic Cauchy problems
Authors: Bonet José , Lusky Wolfgang , Taskinen Jari 
Published: July 2020

We consider the Cauchy problem for a general class of parabolic partial differential equations in the Euclidean space ℝN. We show that given a weighted Lp-space $L_w^p({\mathbb {R}}^N)$ with 1 ⩽ p < ∞ and a fast growing weight w, there is a Schauder basis $(e_n)_{n=1}^\infty$ in $L_w^p({\mathbb {R}}^N)$ with the following property: given an arbitrary positive integer m there exists nm > 0 such that, if the initial data f belongs to the closed linear span of en with n ⩾ nm, then the decay rate of the solution of the problem is at least t−m for large times t.The result generalizes the recent study of the authors concerning the classical linear heat equation. We present variants of the result having different methods of proofs and also consider finite polynomial decay rates instead of unlimited m.
The South, the West, and the meanings of humanitarian intervention in history
Authors: Quinton-Brown Patrick 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs it has been written, the history of humanitarian intervention is all too Whiggish and all too white. By conceptualising humanitarian intervention in the way that they do, orthodox histories should be seen as entangled in debates about the origins of human rights but also, perhaps more crucially, debates about the various formations and reinventions of human rights. Alternative codifications of rights reveal the historical possibility of a Southern practice of what we would almost certainly call ‘humanitarian intervention’. The record of a radical Third World practice to save strangers from the atrocities of colonialism and extreme racism is also a record of Western states playing staunchly sovereigntist roles, of the West's late devotion to Westphalia. To sketch out such a counterhistory is to argue the following: at a threshold moment in the international-political life of the Responsibility to Protect, it is the terms, range, and domain of the intervention debate that must be re-formulated and re-evaluated.
A Human Arm’s Mechanical Impedance Tuning Method for Improving the Stability of Haptic Rendering
Authors: Lu Xiong , Qi Beibei , Zhao Hao , Sun Junbin 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYRendering of rigid objects with high stiffness while guaranteeing system stability remains a major and challenging issue in haptics. Being a part of the haptic system, the behavior of human operators, represented as the mechanical impedance of arm, has an inevitable influence on system performance. This paper first verified that the human arm impedance can unconsciously be modified through imposing background forces and resist unstable motions arising from external disturbance forces. Then, a reliable impedance tuning (IT) method for improving the stability and performance of haptic systems is proposed, which tunes human arm impedance by superimposing a position-based background force over the traditional haptic workspace. Moreover, an adaptive IT algorithm, adjusting the maximum background force based on the velocity of the human arm, is proposed to achieve a reasonable trade-off between system stability and transparency. Based on a three-degrees-of-freedom haptic device, maximum achievable stiffness and transparency grading experiments are carried out with 12 subjects, which verify the efficacy and advantage of the proposed method.
Children's interpretation of negation and quantifier scope in L3 English
Authors: Jo Kyuhee , Kim Kitaek , Kim Hyunwoo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLanguages differ in the preferences for the interpretation of the scope relation between negation and a quantifier. This study investigates the understudied issue of how interpretive preferences associated with a quantifier scope in learners’ L1 and L2 affect their scope interpretations in L3 acquisition. Based on the current models of L3 acquisition, we tested which language, L1 or L2, exerts a stronger effect on the L3 acquisition of quantifier scope. To this end, the study involved two groups of multilingual children (11–13 years old) with different L1s (Chinese or Russian) but with the same L2 (Korean) and L3 (English). The participants completed truth-value judgment tasks designed to investigate their interpretation patterns for English sentences with negation and a quantifier (e.g., Tom did not cut all the trees). The results showed that both groups preferred the L3 interpretation similar to that preferred in their L2, but not in their L1, suggesting a potential L2 influence on L3 acquisition. The study evaluates L3 acquisition theories in light of these results.
Adaptation, validation and reproducibility of a short FFQ to assess food group intake in the population resident in the Basque country (Spain)
Authors: Telleria-Aramburu N , Alegria-Lertxundi I , Arroyo-Izaga M 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:To adapt a short FFQ (SFFQ) and evaluate its relative validity and reproducibility to assess food group intake in a population resident in the Basque Country. Moreover, the possible influence of associated variables (such as education level) on its validity and reproducibility was determined.Design:Nine-day 24-h recalls (24HR) were used as a reference to explore validity over the course of 1 year. The degree of misclassification in the SFFQ was evaluated by a contingency table of quartiles and by Bland–Altman plots comparing SFFQ2 and 24HR. SFFQ was administered twice to explore reproducibility at 1 year.Setting:Basque Autonomous Community.Participants:Adults aged ≥21 years (n 99). The sample was randomly selected and representative of the target population.Results:For validity, statistically significant correlations were observed for more than half of the food groups, with the lowest correlations (r or ρ) for fat (–0·008) and the highest for other foods (0·963). The mean percentage of the subjects’ food intake that was classified into the same or adjacent quartile in both methods was 75·2 %. Reproducibility was explored by the correlation coefficient and ranged from 0·201 to 0·809, and 82·6 % of participants were in the same or adjacent quartile in both SFFQ. The associated variables did not seem to influence the validity and reproducibility of the SFFQ.Conclusions:An adapted SFFQ presented good reproducibility and validity for measuring most food groups in the target population, and these results did not seem to be influenced by the associated variables.
A NEW ARGUMENT FOR KOLOMOGOROV CONDITIONALIZATION
Authors: NIELSEN MICHAEL 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper contributes to a recent research program that extends arguments supporting elementary conditionalization to arguments supporting conditionalization with general, measure-theoretic conditional probabilities. I begin by suggesting an amendment to the framework that Rescorla (2018) has used to characterize regular conditional probabilities in terms of avoiding Dutch book. If we wish to model learning scenarios in which an agent gains complete membership knowledge about some subcollection of the events of interest to her, then we should focus on updating policies that are what I shall callproper. I go on to characterize regular conditional probabilities in proper learning scenarios using what van Fraassen (1999) calls The General Reflection Principle.
TRANSMISSION OF VERIFICATION
Authors: BRAUER ETHAN , TENNANT NEIL 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper clarifies, revises, and extends the account of the transmission of truthmakers by core proofs that was set out in chap. 9 of Tennant (2017). Brauer provided two kinds of example making clear the need for this. Unlike Brouwer’s counterexamples to excluded middle, the examples of Brauer that we are dealing with here establish the need for appeals to excluded middle when applying, to the problem of truthmaker-transmission, the already classical metalinguistic theory of model-relative evaluations.
THE MODAL LOGIC OF STEPWISE REMOVAL
Authors: VAN BENTHEM JOHAN , MIERZEWSKI KRZYSZTOF , ZAFFORA BLANDO FRANCESCA 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe investigate the modal logic of stepwise removal of objects, both for its intrinsic interest as a logic of quantification without replacement, and as a pilot study to better understand the complexity jumps between dynamic epistemic logics of model transformations and logics of freely chosen graph changes that get registered in a growing memory. After introducing this logic (MLSR) and its corresponding removal modality, we analyze its expressive power and prove a bisimulation characterization theorem. We then provide a complete Hilbert-style axiomatization for the logic of stepwise removal in a hybrid language enriched with nominals and public announcement operators. Next, we show that model-checking for MLSR is PSPACE-complete, while its satisfiability problem is undecidable. Lastly, we consider an issue of fine-structure: the expressive power gained by adding the stepwise removal modality to fragments of first-order logic.
Thermal Fatigue as a Driving Mechanism for Activity on Asteroid Bennu
Authors: Molaro J. L. , Hergenrother C. W. , Chesley S. R. , Walsh K. J. , Hanna R. D. , Haberle C. W. , Schwartz S. R. , Ballouz R.‐L. , Bottke W. F. , Campins H. J. , Lauretta D. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany boulders on (101955) Bennu, a near‐Earth rubble pile asteroid, show signs of in situ disaggregation and exfoliation, indicating that thermal fatigue plays an important role in its landscape evolution. Observations of particle ejections from its surface also show it to be an active asteroid, though the driving mechanism of these events is yet to be determined. Exfoliation has been shown to mobilize disaggregated particles in terrestrial environments, suggesting that it may be capable of ejecting material from Bennu's surface. We investigate the nature of thermal fatigue on the asteroid, and the efficacy of fatigue‐driven exfoliation as a mechanism for generating asteroid activity, by performing finite element modeling of stress fields induced in boulders from diurnal cycling. We develop a model to predict the spacing of exfoliation fractures and the number and speed of particles that may be ejected during exfoliation events. We find that crack spacing ranges from ~1 mm to 10 cm and disaggregated particles have ejection speeds up to ~2 m/s. Exfoliation events are most likely to occur in the late afternoon. These predictions are consistent with observed ejection events at Bennu and indicate that thermal fatigue is a viable mechanism for driving asteroid activity. Crack propagation rates and ejection speeds are greatest at perihelion when the diurnal temperature variation is largest, suggesting that events should be more energetic and more frequent when closer to the Sun. Annual thermal stresses that arise in large boulders may influence the spacing of exfoliation cracks or frequency of ejection events.
Modeling Process‐Based Biogeochemical Dynamics in Surface Fresh Waters of Large Watersheds With the IMAGE‐DGNM Framework
Authors: Vilmin L. , Mogollón J. M. , Beusen A. H. W. , van Hoek W. J. , Liu X. , Middelburg J. J. , Bouwman A. F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver the last centuries, human activities have exerted increasing pressures on the environment, leading to drastic alterations in the functioning of freshwater bodies (e.g., eutrophication). Global biogeochemical models have proven crucial to investigate interactions between humans, hydrology, and water quality of surface fresh waters. However, most do not account for high‐resolution spatial and temporal variability within watersheds, and they typically lack any representation of benthic dynamics that can drive pollution legacy effects. We present here the Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment‐Dynamic Global Nutrient Model (IMAGE‐DGNM), which couples global, spatially explicit hydrology and integrated assessment models with process‐based biogeochemistry in surface fresh waters. The new Dynamic In‐Stream Chemistry (DISC) module calculates advective transport from headwaters to estuaries, processes in the water column and in bed sediments, as well as the exchanges between these two compartments. As application examples of IMAGE‐DGNM, we simulate sediment dynamics and nitrogen cycling in two large river basins. We assess in‐stream concentration time series at specific locations, and identify governing processes in transfers along the aquatic continuum. Results highlight the importance of benthic dynamics in watersheds highly perturbed by damming. The implementation of such dynamics within IMAGE‐DGNM allows for including the temporal effect of pollution legacies in large scale water quality studies and shifts in pollutant speciation along river continua. This new framework therefore incorporates new features for large basin to global scale studies that are crucial to better predict the effects on receiving ecosystems and evaluate future environmental management pathways.
South-to-North Water Diversion stabilizing Beijing’s groundwater levels
Authors: Long Di , Yang Wenting , Scanlon Bridget R. , Zhao Jianshi , Liu Dagen , Burek Peter , Pan Yun , You Liangzhi , Wada Yoshihide 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGroundwater (GW) overexploitation is a critical issue in North China with large GW level declines resulting in urban water scarcity, unsustainable agricultural production, and adverse ecological impacts. One approach to addressing GW depletion was to transport water from the humid south. However, impacts of water diversion on GW remained largely unknown. Here, we show impacts of the central South-to-North Water Diversion on GW storage recovery in Beijing within the context of climate variability and other policies. Water diverted to Beijing reduces cumulative GW depletion by ~3.6 km3, accounting for 40% of total GW storage recovery during 2006–2018. Increased precipitation contributes similar volumes to GW storage recovery of ~2.7 km3 (30%) along with policies on reduced irrigation (~2.8 km3, 30%). This recovery is projected to continue in the coming decade. Engineering approaches, such as water diversions, will increasingly be required to move towards sustainable water management.
Rhodanine-based Knoevenagel reaction and ring-opening polymerization for efficiently constructing multicyclic polymers
Authors: Zhang Ze , Nie Xuan , Wang Fei , Chen Guang , Huang Wei-Qiang , Xia Lei , Zhang Wen-Jian , Hao Zong-Yao , Hong Chun-Yan , Wang Long-Hai , You Ye-Zi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCyclic polymers have a number of unique physical properties compared with those of their linear counterparts. However, the methods for the synthesis of cyclic polymers are very limited, and some multicyclic polymers are still not accessible now. Here, we found that the five˗membered cyclic structure and electron withdrawing groups make methylene in rhodanine highly active to aldehyde via highly efficient Knoevenagel reaction. Also, rhodanine can act as an initiator for anionic ring-opening polymerization of thiirane to produce cyclic polythioethers. Therefore, rhodanine can serve as both an initiator for ring-opening polymerization and a monomer in Knoevenagel polymerization. Via rhodanine-based Knoevenagel reaction, we can easily incorporate rhodanine moieties in the backbone, side chain, branched chain, etc, and correspondingly could produce cyclic structures in the backbone, side chain, branched chain, etc, via rhodanine˗based anionic ring-opening polymerization. This rhodanine chemistry would provide easy access to a wide variety of complex multicyclic polymers.