bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amendments to saline-sodic soils showed long-term effects on improving growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativaL.)
Authors: Zhao Dandan , Wang Zhichun , Yang Fan , Zhu Wendong , An Fenghua , Ma Hongyuan , Tóth Tibor , Liao Xu , Yang Hongtao , Zhang Lu 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundSaline-sodic soils are widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions around the world. High levels of salt and sodium inhibit the growth and development of crops. However, there has been limited reports on both osmotic potential in soil solutions (OPss) and characteristics of Na+and K+absorption in rice in saline-sodic soils under various amendments application.MethodsA field experiment was conducted between 2009 and 2017 to analyze the influence of amendments addition to saline-sodic soils on rice growth and yield. Rice was grown in the soil with no amendment (CK), with desulfurization gypsum (DG), with sandy soil (SS), with farmyard manure (FM) and with the mixture of above amendments (M). The osmotic potential in soil solution, selective absorption of K+over Na+(SA), selective transport of K+over Na+(ST), the distribution of K+and Na+and yield components in rice plants were investigated.ResultsThe results indicated that amendments application have positive effects on rice yield. The M treatment was the best among the tested amendments with the highest rice grain yield. M treatment increased the OPssvalues significantly to relieve the inhibition of the water uptake by plants. Additionally, the M treatment significantly enhanced K+concentration and impeded Na+accumulation in shoots. SA values were reduced while ST values were increased for all amendments. In conclusion, a mixture of desulfurization gypsum, sandy soil and farmyard manure was the best treatment for the improvement of rice growth and yield in the Songnen Plain, northeast China.
Morphological Traits Study of Three Indigenous Poultry in Nigeria
Authors: Abazuh Uhenna D. , Adekoya Khalid O. , Oboh Bola O. 
Published: March 2020

Aim: This study investigated relatedness among three indigenous chicken types using morphological features and morphological trait interdependence within three indigenous poultry species in Nigeria.
Study Design: A complete Random sample design was employed in this study to investigate morphological relatedness.
Place and Duration of the Study: Birds of reproductive age were sampled from 12 states across Nigeria between February 2013 and November 2015.
Methodology: Morphological traits were measured according to the FAO description. Nearest neighbor analyses (hierarchical cluster) were done using SPSS 23.0 version.
Results: The nearest neighbor analyses showed that higher degree of relatedness exists between the wild type chicken and the frizzle feather indigenous chicken type in Nigeria. Traits interdependence was observed between and among the different morphological traits within the different poultry species.
Conclusion: The characters measured could be of useful genetic importance that may play significant role as markers for selection or breeding programs for improved productivity under free range or scavenging feed resource-based production systems.
miR‐30b protects nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons from MPP(+)‐induced neurotoxicity via SNCA
Authors: Shen Yu‐fei , Zhu Zhuo‐ying , Qian Shu‐xia , Xu Cong‐ying , Wang Yan‐ping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the function of miR‐30b in pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and its underlying molecular mechanism.Materials and MethodsWe used 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPP(+)) as a tool for constructing the PD cell model, using miR‐30b mimics or inhibitors to manipulate miR‐30b level for an experimental model of acquisition. The cell viability of SH‐SY5Y was detected by CCK, and luciferase was used to screen the binding of target genes. The protein levels of SNCA were measured by Western blot. Then, we investigate the changes in pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic markers with or without miR‐30b treatment.ResultsThere was a significant low expression of MiR‐30b in MPP(+)‐induced cells. SH‐SY5Y cell viability was rescued by MiR‐30b overexpression. Luciferase experiments showed that MiR‐30b may bind to the 3′‐UTR side of SNCA and inhibited its expression. By Western blot, the SNCA level was markedly decreased by miR‐30b. miR‐30b attenuated the upregulation of Bax and the depletion of Bcl‐2 induced by MPP(+).
The Effect of Fe and Co Additions on the Efficiency of NiOOH Catalyst Under Strain
Authors: Hamal Ester Korkus , Toroker Maytal Caspary 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe major limitation of using water splitting for generating hydrogen fuel is the lack of efficient catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A commonly used catalyst for OER is Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH), but pure NiOOH has poor efficiency unless doped with Fe and Co. We explore the influence of co‐doping on the efficiency of NiOOH in the process of water oxidation by using Density Functional Theory +U (DFT+U). We also test the effect of strain on catalytic efficiency by modeling water oxidation on expanded and contracted surfaces of NiFeCoOOH. We find that several doping locations of Co have a similar result as if NiFeOOH had no Co content. Iron is responsible for the high activity at the Fe active site due to the low energy required for charge extraction. Yet, the valence band edge includes Fe, Co and Ni states hybridized which allows better charge extraction during deprotonation. The valence band edge position is higher upon Co‐doping, which should allow better hole transport toward the surface. Hence, the presence of Ni and Co atoms surrounding the active site is vital for better efficiency. Moreover, we found that applying strain does not improve the efficiency and therefore a substrate with minimal mismatch should be used for NiFeCoOOH electrocatalysis.
High Energy and High Power Lithium‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors with Prolonged Cycle Life Based on High‐Rate Capability Materials: Li4Ti5O12, Activated Carbon, Li3V1.95Ni0.05(PO4)3/C
Authors: Secchiaroli Marco , Calcaterra Silvia , Marassi Roberto , Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens Margret , Dsoke Sonia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwo lithium‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (LiHSs) based on high power active materials like Li3V1.95Ni0.05(PO4)3/C (LVNP/C), Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and activated carbon (AC) are investigated as high energy and high power devices. Both LiHSs are assembled by using a bi‐material negative LTO:AC electrode (50 : 50), able to deliver 38.3 mAh g−1 at 35 A g−1 (200 C for LTO), and to retain 80 % of the initial capacity over 10000 cycles at 17.5 A g−1. Two positive electrodes are employed in complete devices: a battery‐type LVNP/C and a bi‐material LVNP/C:AC (65 : 35) based electrodes, for two LiHSs named Hybrid A and Hybrid B, respectively. The energies of the LiHSs are evaluated from 0.05 to 10 A g−1, and at different cell voltages (2.6, 2.7 and 2.8 V). The best performance is obtained with Hybrid A cycled between 0–2.7 V, that with 36.3 Wh L−1 at 4.3 kW L−1, possesses an energy density five time higher than that of the AC||AC (6.8 Wh L−1). Despite both LiHSs charged up to 2.8 V possess superior energy values, at this cell voltage Hybrid A and Hybrid B retain only 11 % and 8 % of the initial capacity cycled over 8000 cycles at 10 A g−1, respect to the 75 % and 81 % of the same systems cycled up to 2.7 V.
High triple‐negative breast cancer prevalence and aggressive prognostic factors in Barbadian women with breast cancer
Authors: Hercules Shawn M. , Hercules Jevon C. , Ansari Amna , Date Stephanie A. J. , Skeete Desiree H. A. , Smith Connell Suzanne P. , Pond Gregory R. , Daniel Juliet M. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundWomen of African ancestry (WAA) are disproportionately affected by triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), which remains one of the most clinically challenging breast cancer (BCa) subtypes. This study investigated the prevalence of TNBC and epidemiological trends for BCa in Barbados, a Caribbean island with a high percentage of African ancestry.MethodsPathology reports for all BCa cases between 2007 and 2016 were collected from the sole hospital in Barbados and reviewed. The clinicopathological data collected included age, tumor grade, lymph node status, and hormone receptor status as determined by immunohistochemistry. BCa data for non‐Hispanic white (NHW) and non‐Hispanic black (NHB) American populations were accessed from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.ResultsThere were 1997 BCa cases in Barbados between 2007 and 2016 for an estimated incidence rate of 135.1 per 100,000 women in Barbados (standardized to the US population, where the standardized incidence rates for NHBs and NHWs were 141.4 and 152.6 per 100,000, respectively). Age‐specific incidence rates in Barbados for this period were consistently higher in younger age groups (15‐59 years) in comparison with NHWs and NHBs. Between 2010 and 2016 in Barbados, a TNBC prevalence of 25% was observed, whereas TNBC prevalences of 21% and 10% were observed in NHBs and NHWs, respectively.ConclusionsThe BCa incidence was higher in younger Barbadian women than NHWs and NHBs, and the TNBC prevalence was ~2.5 times higher than the prevalence in NHWs. This hints at a possible genetic predisposition and other socioeconomic factors that could explain the high TNBC prevalence and aggressive clinical course in WAA globally.
Familial risk of breast cancer by dynamic, accumulative, and static definitions of family history
Authors: Mukama Trasias , Kharazmi Elham , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Brenner Hermann , Fallah Mahdi 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundFamilial breast cancer risk studies usually overlook the dynamic nature of family history.MethodsThe authors assessed the effect of incorporating the timing of cancer diagnosis events into the assessment of familial risks of breast cancer in first‐degree and second‐degree relatives in a nationwide cohort study of 5,099,172 women (follow‐up was between 1958‐2015). Family history was assessed using 3 approaches: 1) as a static variable (ever having a relative with breast cancer); 2) as accumulative history; and 3) as a dynamic variable (time‐dependent variable).ResultsFor women aged <50 years, familial risk was mostly higher when family history was assessed as a dynamic variable compared with using a static or accumulative family history. For example, the cumulative risk of receiving a breast cancer diagnosis until age 50 years for women with a history of breast cancer in 1 first‐degree relative was 2.6% (95% CI, 2.5%‐2.7%) using the static method, 2.4% (95% CI, 2.3%‐2.4%) using the accumulative method, and 3.1% (95% CI, 3.0%‐3.2%) using the dynamic method. Relative risk in women aged <50 years with a breast cancer diagnosis in a sister was 1.40‐fold (95% CI, 1.31‐fold to 1.48‐fold) using the static method, 1.66‐fold (95% CI, 1.57‐fold to 1.76‐fold) using the accumulative method, and 2.28‐fold (95% CI, 2.07‐fold to 2.51‐fold) using the dynamic method.ConclusionsThe results of the current study demonstrated that assessing family history as static, accumulative, or dynamic results in different familial risk estimates. The answer as to which method to use for family history assessment depends on the implications of the study, with the dynamic method appearing to be better suited for risk stratification studies, the accumulative method being the most convenient in practice and the least favored for risk prediction, and the static method being suitable for etiological impact and risk attribution studies.
Oxidation Behaviors of Two‐dimensional Metal Chalcogenides
Authors: Guo Yu , Zhou Si , Zhao Jijun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConsidering a variety of two‐dimensional (2D) materials, metal chalcogenide monolayers, including transition metal dichalcogenides, group‐IV and group‐III monochalcogenides, and copper sulfide, are outstanding in the field of microelectronics and optoelectronics. Devices constructed of these 2D materials could be sensitively affected by ambient gases, such as O2 molecules. Regarding this significant issue, here we review the oxidation behaviors of 2D metal chalcogenides, especially for perfect and defective monolayers. Perfect monolayer metal chalcogenides are resistant to oxidation, resulting from the large activation energies for chemisorption and dissociation of O2 molecules during the reaction process. However, the defective monolayers with vacancies are prone to be oxidized with small activation energies. Interestingly, oxygen atoms can fill into the chalcogen vacancy sites and further maintian the electronic band structures of the perfect systems – the band gaps and the carrier effective masses are only moderately modified by the oxygen atoms. These fundamental understandings help to improve the use of monolayer metal chalcogenides toward the development of novel 2D devices with high stability and excellent performance.
Assessment of Placental Disposition of Infliximab and Etanercept in Women With Autoimmune Diseases and in the Ex Vivo Perfused Placenta
Authors: Eliesen Gaby A. M. , van Drongelen Joris , van Hove Hedwig , Kooijman Nina I. , van den Broek Petra , de Vries Annick , Roeleveld Nel , Russel Frans G. M. , Greupink Rick 
Published: March 2020

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are increasingly applied during pregnancy without clear knowledge of the impact on placenta and fetus. We assessed placental transfer and exposure to infliximab (n = 3) and etanercept (n = 3) in women with autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, we perfused healthy term placentas for 6 hours with 100 µg/mL infliximab (n = 4) or etanercept (n = 5). In pregnant women, infliximab transferred into cord blood but also entered the placenta (cord‐to‐maternal ratio of 1.6 ± 0.4, placenta‐to‐maternal ratio of 0.3 ± 0.1, n = 3). For etanercept, a cord‐to‐maternal ratio of 0.04 and placenta‐to‐maternal ratio of 0.03 was observed in one patient only. In ex vivo placenta perfusions, the extent of placental transfer did not differ between the drugs. Final concentrations in the fetal compartment for infliximab and etanercept were 0.3 ± 0.3 and 0.2 ± 0.2 µg/mL, respectively. However, in placental tissue, infliximab levels exceeded those of etanercept (19 ± 6 vs. 1 ± 3 µg/g, P < 0.001). In conclusion, tissue exposure to infliximab is higher than that of etanercept both in vivo as well as in ex vivo perfused placentas. However, initial placental transfer, as observed ex vivo, does not differ between infliximab and etanercept when administered in equal amounts. The difference in placental tissue exposure to infliximab and etanercept may be of clinical relevance and warrants further investigation. More specifically, we suggest that future studies should look into the occurrence of placental TNF inhibition and possible consequences thereof.
Exploiting the Carbon and Oxa Michael Addition Reaction for the Synthesis of Yne Monomers: Towards the Conversion of Acrylates to Biocompatible Building Blocks
Authors: Hennen Daniel , Hartmann Delara , Rieger Paul H. , Oesterreicher Andreas , Wiener Johannes , Arbeiter Florian , Feuchter Michael , Fröhlich Eleonore , Pichelmayer Margit , Schlögl Sandra , Griesser Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHerein, we demonstrated the synthesis of multifunctional alkyne building blocks from commercially available acrylate monomers exploiting the carbon and oxa Michael addition reaction. These compounds were obtained in decent yields and show similar or even higher photoreactivity than the initial acrylates. Importantly, selected thiol‐yne formulations can be processed by stereolithography and significantly outperform the corresponding acrylate in terms of modulus and toughness. The high compatibility of such cured materials with osteosarcoma cells makes these photopolymers interesting for hard tissue engineering.
Design and performance analysis of an efficient single flow IP traceback technique in the AS level
Authors: Arjmandpanah‐Kalat Morteza , Abbasinezhad‐Mood Dariush , Mahrooghi Hamid‐Reza , Aliabadi Sobhan 
Published: March 2020

SummaryNetwork security is a major challenge for big and small companies. The Internet topology is vulnerable to Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks as it provides an opportunity to an attacker to send a large volume of traffic to a victim, which can limit its Internet availability. The main problem in the prevention of the DDoS attack, also known as the flooding attack, is how to find the source of traffic flooding. This is because the spoofed source Internet protocol (IP) address of packets is not affected on its routing. As a result, IP traceback techniques are proposed to find the source of attack and in general, to find the source of any packet. Doing so, the IP traceback techniques can help us to prevent the Denial of Service (DoS) and DDoS attacks. In this paper, we propose an efficient Single Flow IP Traceback (SFT) technique in the Autonomous System (AS) level. Furthermore, a path signature generation algorithm is presented for detecting and filtering the spoofed traffic. Our solution assumes a secure Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)‐routing infrastructure for exchanging authenticated messages in order to learn the path signatures, and it uses a marking algorithm in the flow level for transmission of the traceback messages. Because in our technique less bits are required to mark the IP header packet, the required storage space for any unique path to the victim is significantly decreased. Compared with the other existing techniques, the obtained results demonstrate that our technique has the least marking rate, overhead processing on the middle nodes, and destination's computational cost while offering the highest accuracy in tracebacking attack.
Cardiac iron concentration in relation to systemic iron status and disease severity in non‐ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Hirsch Valentin G. , Tongers Jörn , Bode Julia , Berliner Dominik , Widder Julian D. , Escher Felicitas , Mutsenko Vitalii , Chung Bomee , Rostami Fatemeh , Guba‐Quint Anja , Giannitsis Evangelos , Schultheiss Heinz‐Peter , Vogt Carla , Bauersachs Johann , Wollert Kai C. , Kempf Tibor 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsLow cardiac iron levels promote heart failure in experimental models. While cardiac iron concentration (CI) is decreased in patients with advanced heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), CI has never been measured in non‐advanced HFrEF. We measured CI in left ventricular (LV) endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) from patients with non‐advanced HFrEF and explored CI association with systemic iron status and disease severity.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 80 consecutive patients with non‐ischaemic HFrEF with New York Heart Association class II or III symptoms and a median (interquartile range) LV ejection fraction of 25 (18–33)%. CI was 304 (262–373) μg/g dry tissue. CI was not related to immunohistological findings or the presence of cardiotropic viral genomes in EMBs and was not related to biomarkers of systemic iron status or anaemia. Patients with CI in the lowest quartile (CIQ1) had lower body mass indices and more often presented with heart failure histories longer than 6 months than patients in the upper three quartiles (CIQ2–4). CIQ1 patients had higher serum N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels than CIQ2–4 patients [3566 (1513–6412) vs. 1542 (526–2811) ng/L; P = 0.005]. CIQ1 patients also had greater LV end‐diastolic (P = 0.001) and end‐systolic diameter indices (P = 0.003) and higher LV end‐diastolic pressures (P = 0.046) than CIQ2–4 patients.ConclusionLow CI is associated with greater disease severity in patients with non‐advanced non‐ischaemic HFrEF. CI is unrelated to systemic iron homeostasis. The prognostic and therapeutic implications of CI measurements in EMBs should be further explored.
The biotechnological production of lacewing silk: From gene to protein‐based material
Authors: Schmidt Martin , Lemke Johannes , Frenkler Richard , Kraxenberger Tobias , Römer Lin , Böker Alexander 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStructural proteins are in the spotlight of research and industry due to their versatile properties and the respective potential applications. Besides in‐depth studied structural proteins such as spider silk proteins, the proteins within the egg stalk of green lacewings represent another interesting approach for material development. In order to convert such materials into products, biotechnological processes are required to generate a sufficient supply of raw materials. This work describes an innovative and efficient way to recombinantly produce and purify the genetically modified lacewing silk protein N[AS]8C (53 kDa) as well its exemplary conversion into silk films. By means of high cell density fermentations applying Escherichia coli (E coli) BL21(DE3) or E coli HMS174(DE3), the successful biosynthesis of the recombinant lacewing silk protein N[AS]8C was demonstrated. Interestingly, the formation of an intracellular, highly insoluble silk protein fraction was observed. A tailored purification strategy was developed, allowing the isolation and purification of the insoluble intracellular silk aggregates. Furthermore, the processing of the purified lacewing silk proteins into transparent films was also documented. Based on structural studies (ATR‐FTIR), a dominant antiparallel β‐sheet‐orientation was observed in purified silk protein powder as well as in the processed silk materials, which can be attributed to the cross‐β‐structure characteristic to lacewing egg stalk silk proteins.
Long wavy copper stretchable interconnects fabricated by continuous microcorrugation process for wearable applications
Authors: Yamamoto Michitaka , Karasawa Ryu , Okuda Shinji , Takamatsu Seiichi , Itoh Toshihiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContinuous microcorrugation processes have been developed to form long vertical wavy structures of copper (Cu) foil electrodes for the development of long stretchable interconnects of wearable devices and electronic textiles. Vertical wavy stretchable interconnects in previous studies suffer from low uniformity and limited size due to their wrinkling process with prestretched rubber substrate. Therefore, we propose a continuous metal foil forming process where a long flat Cu foil is continuously deformed into a wavy shape between two three‐dimensional printed gears. 5‐μm Cu foils were corrugated into a wavy structure with waves having 620‐μm pitch and 270‐μm height by the microcorrugation process. The fabricated wavy Cu interconnects showed a 40% stretchability. After microcorrugation, the interconnects were embedded in silicone rubber to protect them from mechanical scratch and improve their elasticity. The interconnects exhibited a 60% stretchability. Finally, a 25 cm‐long stretchable light emitting diodes (LEDs) ribbon with a stretchability over 20% was demonstrated by connecting the LEDs with our wavy Cu interconnects for electronic textile applications. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our microcorrugation process in the fabrication of long uniform vertical interconnects.