bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carvacrol Exhibits Chemopreventive Potential against Cervical Cancer Cells via Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis and Abrogation of Cell Cycle Progression
Authors: Ahmad Afza , Ansari Irfan A. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The carcinogenesis of the uterine cervix is predominantly initiated with the consistent
infection of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Owing to the side effects of standard chemotherapeutics in the
treatment of recurrent and metastatic cervical cancer, there is a need for a better and effective treatment modality.
In this lieu of concern, natural compounds have proven their worthwhile potential against the treatment of
various carcinomas. Carvacrol is a phenolic monoterpenoid and several reports have suggested its different biological
properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity.

Objective:
The objective of our present study was to investigate the effect of carvacrol on HPV18+ HeLa cervical
cancer cells.

Methods:
HeLa cervical cancer cells were cultured and subsequently treated with various doses of carvacrol.
Cell viability was assessed via MTT assay. DAPI and Hoechst3342 staining were used to qualitatively analyzed
the induced apoptosis. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was estimated by DCFDA staining protocol and quantitatively
estimated by flow cytometry. The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis (FITC-Annexin V assay) were
analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results:
The results of the present study have established that carvacrol strongly suppresses the proliferation of
cervical cancer cells via caspase-dependent apoptosis and abrogation of cell cycle progression. Furthermore,
our preliminary study also demonstrated that carvacrol exhibits a synergistic effect with chemotherapeutic
drugs (5-FU and carboplatin). These initial findings implicated that natural compounds could reduce the toxic
effects of chemotherapeutic drugs.

Conclusion:
Therefore, this investigation affirms the anti-cancer potential of carvacrol against cervical cancer
cells, which could be an appendage in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.
Different Methods for Cell Viability and Proliferation Assay: Essential Tools in
Pharmaceutical Studies
Authors: Nozhat Zahra , Khalaji Mina S. , Hedayati Mehdi , Kia Sima Kheradmand 
Published: January 2021

Background and Objective:
The ratio of live cells to total cells in a sample is a definition for cell viability or cell toxicity. The assessment of the viable cells plays a critical role in all processes of the cell culture workflows. Overall, they are used to evaluate the survival of cells and also to optimize culture or experimental conditions following treatment with different agents or compounds, like during a drug screen. In most cases, the measurement of cell viability is the primary purpose of the experiments, for example, in pharmaceutical studies to evaluate agents' toxicity.

Methods:
A literature research was conducted on cell viability assays in MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science and Scopus.

Results:
There is a wide range of cell viability assays and different parameters such as cost, speed, and complexity of a test effect to determine the choosing method. However each method has some advantages and disadvantages and none of them is not 100% perfect method.

Conclusion:
Accordingly, it seems that the simultaneous utility of at least two assays will cover each other disadvantages to demonstrate the effects of different agents on different cell types. For instance, when one assay measures cell metabolic health, the other one checks cells permeability. Therefore by this strategy a researcher can report with more confidence the effective doses of the examined therapeutic agents.
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors in Non- Diabetic Heart Failure: A Narrative Review
Authors: Dahal Ranjan , Acharya Yogesh , Mukherjee Debabrata 
Published: January 2021

Background::
Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading public health problems with a substantial
burden in the global healthcare system. Although significant efforts are based on prevention,
early recognition, and proper management of HF, the worldwide surge of risk factors like hypertension,
diabetes, and obesity has further complicated the existing problem.

Objective::
To define the role of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in non-diabetic HF.

Methods::
We performed a comprehensive literature review to examine the available evidence in
the clinical implications of SGLT2 inhibitors in non-diabetic HF using the online databases
(PubMed and Embase).

Results::
We identified two RCTs-DAPA-HF and DEFINE-HF, which were conducted to analyze
the net clinical benefit of dapagliflozin in non-diabetic HF patients. Although we could not study
the composite effects of these studies due to the difference in outcome measures, the individual outcomes
look promising. The number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one primary event was 21
(95% CI: 15 to 38) in the DAPA study. In DEFINE HF study, responder analysis showed a significant
proportion of patients in the treatment arm experienced improvements in the functional status
with clinically meaningful improvement in KCCQ-OS by 3.7 points and KCCQ-CS by 4.6 points
with NNT of 10 and 7, respectively, at 12 weeks. Both studies also showed low safety concerns in
patients without T2D.

Conclusions::
The outcomes of the two RCTs, DAPA-HF and DEFINE-HF, that studied the effects
of SGLT2 inhibitors in non-diabetic HF showed promising clinical outcomes. Although we are
waiting for other prospective RCTs to reflect similar results and safety profiles, it seems the
SGLT2 inhibitors can have broader clinical implications in managing non-diabetic HF with improved
cardiovascular outcomes.
Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease among Children in Khorramabad (West of Iran)
Authors: Nezami Alireza , Heidari Ghobad , Tarhani Fariba , Kariminia Masoumeh 
Published: January 2021

Aims::
Congenital heart disease is among the most common congenital anomalies in pediatrics.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of congenital heart disease in children
in Khorramabad, Iran.

Methods::
This is a descriptive-cross sectional study where all the children diagnosed with congenital
heart disease by echocardiography were enrolled to the Shahid Madani Hospital. Patient information
was collected by means of a questionnaire. Of 1600 children who underwent cardiac
counseling, 9.75% presented congenital heart disease. These were most prevalent among the children
of 0-28 days of the age (14.7%) and least in children aged 1 month-1 year. According to this
study, atrial (20.3%) and ventricular septal defect (10.5%) were the most common heart defects, respectively.
Among signs and symptoms of cardiac disease, 49.1% of children had cyanosis, 89.7%
with increased CT (cardiothoracic)-ratio, and 82.7% of had heart murmur. Congenital heart disease
was more prevalent in male infants (58%) and 6.6% patients had heart failure and 1.4% had other
congenital conditions, such as Down syndrome.

Results::
According to our findings, atrial and ventricular septal defects are the most common congenital
heart anomalies, respectively, in pediatric patients in Khorramabad.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding Associated With Warfarin and Rivaroxaban Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation Cases with Concomitant Coagulopathy
Authors: Sedaghat Meghdad , Lima Behnam Safarpour , Bouzari Reihanesadat , Shadlou Sarvenaz 
Published: January 2021

Background:
There is inadequate information on the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding
in patients who are under rivaroxaban and warfarin therapy in Iran. Determining the risk of GI
bleeding in patients receiving these two drugs can help to select a more appropriate anti-coagulation
prophylaxis in high-risk patients.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of GI bleeding in patients with atrial
fibrillation (AF) and concomitant bleeding risk factors receiving either warfarin or rivaroxaban.

Methods:
In this observational study, 200 patients with AF and bleeding risk factors who referred
to Imam Hossein Hospital (Tehran, Iran) were included. The patients were under treatment with either
warfarin or rivaroxaban. The incidence of GI bleeding was compared between the two groups
monthly for one year.

Results:
GI bleedings were observed in 61% and 34% of patients treated with warfarin and rivaroxaban,
respectively (P = 0.001).Melena was the most common type of GI bleeding in both groups.
History of hypertension, history of stroke, consumption of anti-platelet drugs, NSAID consumption,
and history of alcohol consumption were associated with more frequent GI bleeding only in
warfarin group.

Conclusion:
The incidence of GI bleeding was lower in AF patients who received rivaroxaban
compared to those treated with warfarin. Also, GI bleeding risk does not change according to the
consumption of other anti-coagulant drugs and underlying history of hypertension or stroke in patients
received rivaroxaban. Therefore, rivaroxaban is suggested as the choice of prophylaxisin patients
with AF and concomitant coagulopathy.
Hypotensive Effects of the Triterpene Oleanolic Acid for Cardiovascular Prevention
Authors: Sureda Antonio , Monserrat-Mesquida Magalida , Pinya Samuel , Ferriol Pere , Tejada Silvia 
Published: January 2021

Background::
Hypertension is a high prevalent chronic disease worldwide and a major cardiovascular risk factor.
Oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxy-olea-12-en-28-oic acid) is a wide distributed bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoid with diverse
biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, hepaprotective anti-diabetic or anti-hypertensive.

Objective::
The aim of this study was to review and highlight the available data about antihypertensive activity of oleanolic
acid and the described mechanisms of action.

Method::
Extensive searches were made in the available literature on oleanolic acid and the data investigating its
antihypertensive effects were analysed.

Results::
Most of research has been performed on animal models of hypertension, ex vivo studies with aortic ring and some in
vitro tests with cell cultures, whereas clinical trials are still lacking. Treatment of hypertensive animals with oleanolic acid
significantly ameliorated the rise in the systolic blood pressure. In addition, the hypotensive effects of oleanolic acid are also
related to a potent diuretic-natriuretic activity and nephroprotection. In vitro studies have characterized the participation of
various signalling pathways that modulate the release of vasodilation mediators.

Conclusion::
In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that oleanolic acid effectively reduce blood pressure and could be an
interesting co-adjuvant to conventional treatment of hypertension.
AtreMorine Treatment Regulates DNA Methylation in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Epigenetic and Pharmacogenetic Studies
Authors: Martínez-Iglesias Olaia , Naidoo Vinogran , Carril Juan Carlos , Carrera Iván , Corzo Lola , Rodriguez Susana , Alejo Ramón , Cacabelos Natalia , Cacabelos Ramón 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Neurodegenerative disorders are one of the major health problems
in Western countries. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms play crucial roles in the
origin and progression of these disorders. DNA methylation is the most widely studied epigenetic
mark and is an important regulator of gene expression.

Objective:
Little is known about the influence of bioactive dietary components on epigenetic
mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects
of E-PodoFavalin-15999 (AtreMorine®), a bioproduct with potent neuroprotective and dopamine
enhancing capabilities, on DNA methylation patterns in Alzheimer’s (AD) and
Parkinson’s Disease (PD). We also aimed to assess, in patients with PD, the effects that
genetic variation across candidate pharmacogenes may have on dopamine synthesis and
release in response to treatment with AtreMorine.

Methods:
We analyzed global DNA methylation and de novo DNA methyltransferase
(DNMT) expression in a transgenic (3xTg) mouse model of AD, and further examined
global DNA methylation in blood samples from patients with PD.

Results:
AtreMorine treatment increased global DNA methylation in 3xTg mice and in
patients with Parkinson´s disease, and produced high DNMT3a expression in AD mice.
We observed varied responses to AtreMorine across the following pharmacogenetic genophenotypes
analyzed, cytochrome P450 oxidases (CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9,
CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP1A2), human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), the vitamin
K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1), ATP-binding cassette subfamily B
member 1 (ABCB1), and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
(SLCOB1).

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that AtreMorine regulates DNA methylation in neurodegenerative
disorders and may constitute a new therapeutic option for the treatment of
these pathologies.
COVID-19 Related Publications Focusing on Cancer: Systematic Review of a Delicate Balance
Authors: Naimi Mahdi F. , Khan Maira , Mahler Mary , Emmenegger Urban 
Published: January 2021

Background::
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has forced oncologists to alter their daily
practice, despite the lack of substantial evidence, in order to reduce the risk of transmission
among patients with underlying malignant and other concurrent medical conditions.

Objective::
This systematic review compares the characteristics of oncology-focused COVID-19
manuscripts published from January 1st to April 30th, 2020, and from September 1st to September
30th, 2020, to identify the variation of publications between the start of the pandemic and our current
state.

Methods::
The PubMed database was searched on two different occasions using the search string
“Cancer OR Tumor” AND “COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2”. All manuscripts pertaining to
COVID-19 and oncological topics were included in this review.

Results::
The search from January 1st to April 30th, 2020 and from September 1st to September 30th,
2020, resulted in 299 and 249 articles pertaining to our objective, respectively. Comparing the earlier
with later publication period, the proportion of articles containing original data increased from
22.4% to 44.2%, whereas the proportion of Editorials/Correspondences decreased from 43.5% to
20.5%. Cancer patient management guidelines accounted for the majority of publications during
both periods (59.2% versus 43.4%, respectively).

Conclusion::
The study revealed a rapidly increasing number of COVID-19 and oncological-focused
publications throughout the pandemic thus far. Given the unprecedented nature of the
COVID-19 pandemic, future analyses are expected to reveal rapidly evolving publication patterns.
Load Spectrum Compiling and Fatigue Life Estimation of the Automobile Wheel Hub
Authors: Liu Xintian , Qu Yang , Yang Xiaobing , Shen Yongfeng 
Published: January 2021

Background:
In the process of high-speed driving, the wheel hub is constantly subjected to
the impact load from the ground. Therefore, it is important to estimate the fatigue life of the hub in
the design and production process.

Objective:
This paper introduces a method to study the fatigue life of car hub based on the road load collected from test site.

Methods:
Based on interval analysis, the distribution characteristics of the load spectrum are analyzed.
The fatigue life estimation of one-dimensional and two- dimensional load spectra is compared
by compiling load spectra.

Results:
According to the S-N curve cluster and the one-dimensional program load spectrum, the
estimated range fatigue life of the hub is 397, 100km to 529,700km. For unsymmetrical cyclic loading,
each level means and amplitude of load were obtained through the Goodman fatigue empirical
formula, and then according to S-N curve clusters in the upper and lower curves and two-dimensional
program load spectrum, estimate of the fatigue life of wheel hub of the interval was 329900km to
435200km, and then one-dimensional load spectrum fatigue life was reduced by 16.9% - 17.8%.

Conclusion:
This paper lays a foundation for the prediction of fatigue life and the bench test of fatigue
durability of autoparts subjected to complex and variable random loads. At the same time, the
research method can also be used to estimate the fatigue life of other bearing parts or high-speed
moving parts and assemblies.
The Effect of Novel Microwave-Convective Drying on the Functional Properties of Dried-Pears (Pyrus communis)
Authors: Yildiz Gulcin 
Published: January 2021

Aims:
The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of combined microwave-
convective drying on the quality of dried-pears. Color, bioactive compounds (total
phenolics (TP) and antioxidant capacity (AC)) and textural (hardness) properties of convective (50
and 60 °C), microwave (100 and 200 W), and combined microwave-convective (100-50 °C,
200W-50 °C, 100 W-60 °C and 200 W-60 °C) dried pears were compared with the untreated pears.

Results and Methods:
A Konica Minolta CR-400 Chroma Meter was used to examine the color
changes in dried pears. TP was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The free radical scavenging
activity of the extract was analyzed using 1,1-dipheyl-2-picylhydrazyl (DPPH). The hardness
of dried pear slices with different drying methods was obtained by a texture analyzer. The microwave-
convective dried pear slices (especially at the condition of 200 W - 60 °C) showed higher
preservation of bioactive compounds in addition to improved textural properties and color compared
to other dried pear samples.

Conclusion:
Overall, combined microwave-convective drying is a promising process, as demonstrated
in current research by its capability to better retain dried pear quality in terms of functional
and textural properties.
PENERAPAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR (Bahan Aktif Aspergillus sp.) BERBAHAN DASAR LIMBAH CAIR TEMPE DAN AIR KELAPA PADA TANAMAN KANGKUNG DARAT (Ipomoea reptans Poir.)
Authors: Sirappa Miranty , Umrah  , Thaha Abdul Rahim 
Published: January 2021

Liquid Organic fertilizer is a fertilizer produced from organic materials in the form of liquid preparations. Research on the application of liquid organic fertilizer (active ingredient Aspergillus sp.) is based on liquid waste of Tempe and coconut water on the Kangkung land plant (Ipomoea reptans Poir.), this research has been conducted in March to November 2018 in the village Langaleso, Dolo subdistrict, Sigi Regency, Biotechnology Laboratory of Biology Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of Tadulako University. This research aims to observe the growth of plant Kangkung post application of liquid organic fertilizer (active ingredient Aspergillus sp.). The research designed in the complete random plan (RAL) consists of seven types and five times the replay. Composition of treatment; P0 (without the application of POC, control), P1 (Application of POC 2.5%), P2 (Application of POC 5%), P3 (Application of POC 7.5%), P4 (Application of POC 210%), P5 (Application of POC 12.5%), P6 (NPK application, without POC). Description POC Liquid Organic fertilizer (active ingredient Aspergillus sp.). The observation results showed the best growth on the implementation of P1 based on the fresh weight of the heading (8.47 g), the fresh weight of biomass (6.02 g), the fresh weight of the leaves (4.66 strands), the fresh weight of the roots (5.72 g). The P2 is based on the root length (27.10 cm). P4 treatment based on the high average plant (27.34 cm), the number of leaves (14.90 strands), dry weight of the roots (1.61 g). P6 treatment based on leaf dry weight (2.07 g).
TEXTUAL INTERPRETATION OF THE PROHIBITION OF MAKEUP: RECEPTION AND DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF NUSSA GIRLS TALK
Authors: Salam Rahmatullah 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to explain analytically the receptions of the Qur'an in the animated movie, episode Nussa: Girls Talk. A part of the Qur'anic verse from Surat Al-Ahzab: 33 presented in this episode shows that there are makeup rules for women that tend to be understood textually. Based on the categorization of interaction between religious followers and the holy book by Sam D. Gill and Teun A Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis as an analytical tool, the study found that the reception in the episode of Nussa: Girls Talk is both exegetical and informative. The interpretation (tafsir) presented in this episode is textual. The form of textual interpretation was chosen by the producers because of its concise and considered more relevant for children as the main targets/audiences. Besides, the socio-religious background of theproducers of Nussa: Girls Talk is known to have a close relationship with the hijrah movement; an Islamic movement that tends to be fundamentalist. As a results, textual understanding develops and tends to dominate in this animated movie.
UGA SUNDANESE AHMADIYYA: LOCALITY OF MAHDIISM IN WEST JAVA
Authors: Rohmana Jajang A 
Published: January 2021

Studies on Ahmadiyah have been very extensive both in their focuses and approaches. However, few scholars consider local culture as an important means of the Ahmadiyya movement. This study focuses on the use of local culture in the form of uga in the Sundanese Ahmadiyya tradition. Uga is an oral tradition of ancestor mystical prophecy in Sunda on the coming of an important change in a situation of crisis. This is an ethnographic study of the Sundanese uga among Ahmadiyya followers in Kuningan, Tasikmalaya, and Bandung. The uga of Ahmadiyya is then analyzed using an interpretive approach. This study shows that there are at least six ugas of Ahmadiyya in Bandung, Garut, Singaparna, Tasikmalaya, Ciamis, and Manislor Kuningan. These ugas represent a symbolic meeting point between the expectations of Sundanese on the change of a situation with the messianic beliefs in Ahmadiyya. Ugas can shape the experience, identity and strengthen the roots of mystical ideology of Ahmadiyya in Sundanese people. Hereby, the case of ugaSundanese Ahmadiyya is a strategy of acculturation of local culture which added other categorization in the context of Ahmadiyya movement in various countries around the world.
KIAI AS AL-QUDWAH AL-KHASANAH: THE ROLE OF KIAI IN SHAPING RELIGIOUS CULTURE IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION INSTITUTION
Authors: Ihsan Ihsan , Umar A. 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to describe the role of kyai in creating the religious culture of the santri. How the socialization patterns that exist in an educational institution especially pesantren (Islamic boarding school) can shape the religious culture of the santri, is the main concern of this study. Madrasah Qudsiyyah, one of the Islamic education institutions based on pesantren in Kudus Regency, Central Java, is the object of this study. With a qualitative approach, the data were collected through participant observation and in-depth interviews. They were then analyzed using the theoretical framework of the sociology of knowledge of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckman. The results of this study revealed that kyai (including ustadz) has a central role in shaping the character and religious culture of the santri. Kyai, apart from being an educator, also acts as a guide, uswah hasanah, and guide of the santri. With this role, kyai becomes a kind of role model for santri in terms of the spiritual, moral, intellectual, and social life. From a long time daily interaction process between kyai and santri in the pesantren, finally it becomes habitus in shaping the mindset, character, and religious culture of the santri.