bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern of Presentation of Spinal Dysraphism: A Study of 72 Patients in Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: AMIR SOHAIL , KHAN MUHAMMAD NAWAZ , KHAN IMRAN , AFRIDI AYAZ , AMAN ATIF 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To review the pattern of presentation and current understanding of patients with spinal dysraphism in our local population.
Material and Methods: Cases of spinal dysraphism of any gender and age were admitted via OPD, emergency or referred from another department were included in the study. Information on demographics, developmental history, presenting symptoms , presence/absence of back swelling, hairy patches, a nevus, dimple, an appendage/ skin tag, lower limb function, sensory/ motor deficit, bowel and bladder dysfunction were recorded. MRI spine was done in all patients to know the exact diagnosis.
Results: Out of 72 cases, 52 (72.2%) presented with spina bifida Aperta (spina bifida cystica) while 20 (27.7%) with spina bifida occulta. Total 53 (73.6%) patients presented at the age of 0 – 1 years. 41 (56.9%) of the patient presented with visible sac, 35 (48.6%) swelling over the back, in 5 (6.9%) of patient have hairy patch and dermal sinus each, while 28 (38.8%) patients have neurological deficit. Most common type of spinal dysraphism was myelomeningocele 45 (62.5%). Postoperative course of patients with spinal dysraphism was found to be uneventful in 56 (77.7%), wound infection was seen in 11 (15.2%), deterioration of neurological status in 3 (4.16%) of cases.
Conclusion: Spinal dysraphism is not an uncommon condition in our local population its clinical presentation and features are in line with internationally reported literature. Our population is least aware of the adverse neurological outcomes of the condition and face difficulties to access the adequate healthcare for spinal dysraphism.
The Effect of Digital Media on The Younger Minds During the Pandemic: A Study in Pakistan,Jordan and Syria
Authors: Maria Noor ul huda , Shabbir Asif , Hammed Ali , Salman Saif , Ain Qurrat ul , Chaudhry Muhammad Anwar 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To evaluate the psychosocial impact of the use of digital media on young minds.
Material and Methods: A survey based cross sectional study was conducted by using questionnaires through google forms from diverse general, young population. A total number of 110 respondents from Pakistan, Jordan, and Syria, were included.
Results: 18 – 35 years age group showed Depression 53.4%, Anxiety 71.8%, Lack of Interest in Daily Activities 70.5%, Decreased Decisive Ability 10.5% and Insomnia 66.3%. While, the 36 – 54 years group showed Depression 46.4%, Anxiety 56.8%, Lack of interest in Daily Activities 61.8%, Decreased Decisive Ability 8.3% and Insomnia 47.5%. It was noticeable, that the younger age group of 18 – 35 years suffered more psychological effects.
Conclusion: We concluded that while digital media is affecting all age groups, but the younger age group was affected the most.
Frequency and Pattern of Early Complications after Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Obstructive Hydrocephalus
Authors: ANWAR ULLAH MUHAMMAD , ULLAH KHAN FAHIM , USMAN MUHAMMAD , ISHAQ MOHAMMAD , KHAN ZAHID 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To determine the frequency, pattern and outcome of early complications after endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in Obstructive hydrocephalus.
Material and Methods: The study included 160 patients from Neurosurgery department, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar and private clinics over a period of twelve months. After performing ETV under general anesthesia by a single expert neurosurgeon, the patients were followed up for seven days post operatively for the CSF leak, wound infection, meningitis, seizures, bleeding and in hospital death.
Results: Eighty five percent of the patients had no untoward complications, while 15% showed complications including CSF leak (5%), wound infection (3%), meningitis (2%), seizures (2%), bleeding (2%) and in hospital death (1%).
Conclusion: Due to the less invasive nature, endoscopic third ventriculostomy is favored for treating obstructive hydrocephalus in select patient population as it is safe and have better outcomes.
Craniosynostosis: Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Surgical Treatment
Authors: KALHORO AURANGZEB , SATTAR M. HASHIM A. 
Published: October 2020

Objective: Craniosynostosis presents sclerosis cranial sutures, ossification and fusion involving the vault of the base, sutures involved can be one or more sutures. This study aimed to determine the surgical outcome of craniosynostosis.
Material and Method: The prospective study was conducted at the neuro spinal and cancer care institute, Karachi. Patients presented with sagittal, metopic, unicoronal, lambdoid, bicoronal craniosynostosis were included in the study, while patients with coagulopathy, previously operated cases were excluded from the study.
Results: We had 26 children in our study, age range about 1–3 years. Patients were cleaved into groups depending on their age. Most of the children 15 (57.6%) were in 1–2 years age group and 11 (42.3%) were in 2-3 years of age. Boys were 18 (69.2%) and girls were 8(30.7%). Coronal 11 (42.3%) was the most common suture involved, followed by sagittal 9 (34.6%). Lambdoid suture 3 (11.5%), metopic 2 (7.6%) and 3 (11.5%) case presented with raised intracranial pressure with multiple sutures closed involved. Strip craniectomy was done in all cases. We did bicoronal flap and Scalp flap turned into a supraorbital region while in metopic suture Fronto-orbital advancement and remodeling approach were used. No major complication was observed.
Conclusion: Cases which are managed early age have given good acceptable results in follow up, proper surgical expertise, perioperative management of temperature, blood loss, relieving the restriction of sutures and normalizing raised intracranial pressure can decrease the morbidity and mortality.
Surgical Outcome of Open Carpal Tunnel Release Using Global Symptom Severity Score
Authors: NAWAZ KHAN MUHAMMAD , REHMAN RIAZ-UR- , ULLAH KHATTAK RIZWAN , NASIR SIDDIQUE ATTIYA , ALI NOMAN M. 
Published: October 2020

Objective: Purpose of conducting this study was to evaluate the surgical outcome of open carpal tunnel release using Global Symptom Severity score (GSS) in our local setting.
Material and Methods: This prospective analytical study was conducted in the Neurosurgery Department Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. We operated consecutive 105 Carpal tunnel syndrome cases over a period of 2 years via open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) method. All of these cases were surgically indicated. All patients were evaluated preoperatively with clinical assessment and NCS. Cases were operated under local anesthesia as a day case surgery. Patients were evaluated at 3 months follow-up visit using global symptom severity score (GSS) and compared with pre operative GSS. The paired sample test was applied to obtain p value.
Results: Total 105 patients were operated during study period. 72 (69%) patients were women and 33 (31%) were men. The mean age of patients was 41 years. 70 (66.66%) procedures were done for the right hand and 35 (33.33%) were performed for left hand. Pre-op Mean GSS score was 27 ± 2.5 which decreased to 2.1 ± 0.43 postoperatively (P < 0.005).
Conclusion: Carpal tunnel syndrome is more commonly affecting the dominant hand of middle aged females. Open carpal tunnel release procedure is the safe and effective treatment for this compressive neuropathy.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Membaca Teks Bahasa Inggris melalui Autonomous Learning
Authors: Mardiyah Mutmainatul 
Published: October 2020

To describe how autonomous learning increases students’ English text reading skills. The research was conducted at Faculty of Health, MH. Thamrin University, East Jakarta. The result of the research is as follows: (1) autonomous learning implementation at Faculty of Health, MH. Thamrin University is generally good. The achievement of all indicators of autonomous learning is very high. (2) Students’ English text reading skills at Faculty of Health, MH. Thamrin University is generally very good. The achievement of all indicators of reading skills strategies is very high. (3) Autonomous learning has been successfully implemented at Faculty of Health,MH. Thamrin University to increase the students’ English text reading skills. Based on the research result, the students’ English text reading skills could be enhanced by deeply implementing the indicators of autonomous learning through 1). Developing self-awareness, 2). Developing effective learning strategies, 3). Developing thinking skills, 4). Developing organizational skills, 5). Developing cooperative skills, 6). Developing metacognitive skills, 7). Developing problem solving dan supporting others. It proves that autonomous learning can increase students’ English text reading skills.
Hipertrofia de amígdalas linguales: Presentación de casos revisión narrativa
Authors: Lugo-Machado Juan Antonio , Canché-Martín Edwin , Sainz- Fuentes Noemi , Barragán- Martínez Fernanda Verana , Quintero- Bauman Alejandra , Pineda-Alvarado Alejandra , Jiménez-Rodríguez Martha , Jacobo-Pinelli Regina , Sepúlveda Matinez Mario , Valenzuela-Luna Pablo 
Published: October 2020

Resumen
Actualmente no es inusitado tener pacientes con síntomas por implicación de amígdalas linguales y pasemos desapercibido su sospecha. Los signos y síntomas que pueden presentar los pacientes son variados, desde dar síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (síntoma más común) disfagia, hasta tos crónica mal abordada y por los mimos inadecuadamente tratada. Presentamos los casos clínicos de dos pacientes con hipertrofia de amígdalas linguales y una revisión narrativa del tema.
Ayudas diagnósticas en patología laríngea: imagen de banda estrecha (NBI)
Authors: LM Zamora-Cely , AE Gómez-Rodríguez , IL Perea-Mena , IF Moncada-Sánchez 
Published: October 2020

La imagen de banda estrecha (NBI por sus siglas en inglés narrow band imaging) es un sistema de mejora de imagen, desarrollado en Japón en el 2001, que utiliza longitudes de onda filtradas a 415 nm y 540 nm que permiten la visualización de anomalías microvasculares que se han visto asociadas a carcinogenesis. En laringología el NBI es usado para la evaluación de lesiones premalignas, detección de primarios desconocidos en cabeza y cuello, diagnóstico y seguimiento de lesiones malignas posterior a tratamiento endoscópico y/o con radioterapia, entre otros. Se presenta una revisión narrativa de la literatura donde se exponen los fundamentos técnicos del NBI, los principios fisiológicos básicos, las clasificaciones actuales para describir los diferentes patrones vasculares y los usos principales descritos en laringología, así como un atlas de imágenes tomadas en el servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital San José.
OPTIMALISASI PENGGUNAAN ATRIBUT USAHA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PROMOSI TERASI REBON KABUPATEN TUBAN
Authors: Widyaningrum Mahmudah Enny , Fattah Abdul , Soehardjoepri Soehardjoepri , Widiana Muslichah Erma , Sagirani Tri 
Published: October 2020

Terasi merupakan salah satu produk perikanan berbahan dasar utama udang rebon dan juga ikan. Dalam pengembangan produk pengolahan hasil perikanan berupa terasi, maka Program Pengembangan Produk Unggulan Daerah (PPPUD) bekerjasama dengan UD. HM. Putra Bahari yang merupakan salah satu UMKM penghasil produk olahan udang yaitu terasi rebon yang menjadi unggulan di Kabupaten Tuban. Pemanfaatan dan pengaturan operasional manajemen toko dirasa masih lemah, maka optimalisasi proses pengemasan dan pemasaran memalui penggunaan atribut usaha menjadi penting. Program memberikan alteratif solusi nagi mitra. Metode pelaksanaan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra meliputi identifikasi kesiapan mitra, analisa situasi, analisa kebutuhan dan implementasi. Program difokuskan pada persiapan pembuatan toko dan perangkat pameran.
Deficiencia de Vitamina B12 relacionada al Uso de Metformina
Authors: Arauz Edwin , Cardoze Denise , Salehji Abdullah , Liguas Aillyn 
Published: October 2020

Antecedentes: La Diabetes Mellitus (DM) es una enfermedad metabólica de etiología diversa y alta prevalencia a nivel mundial. Se estimaron 463 millones de casos en el 2019 y su tendencia va en aumento. La metformina es el medicamento más utilizado en estos pacientes. Es conocido que la deficiencia de vitamina B12 es un efecto adverso de este, pero muy poco estudiado. Factores como la edad, el sexo, dosis, duración del tratamiento, entre otros han sido relacionados al desarrollo de esta complicación.

Objetivo: Recopilar y sintetizar información actualizada acerca de la deficiencia de vitamina B12 secundaria al uso de metformina, de su mecanismo y factores de riesgo relacionados.

Diseño: Se recolectaron artículos de revisión, trabajos de investigación y metaanálisis de bases de datos científicas como PubMed, Scielo, Cochrane y Science Direct. Los artículos seleccionados fueron publicados entre 2010 a 2020.*

Conclusión: Las recomendaciones para tamizar por deficiencia de vitamina B12 a usuarios de metformina aún no son claras y no se encuentran en guías. Factores como el uso prolongado y la dosis del tratamiento están relacionados a su desarrollo. Esta población se beneficia de monitorizar e incluso suplementar, dependiendo del riesgo.
Pendampingan Peningkatan Efisiensi Biaya Produksi UMKM Heriyanto Melalui Analisis Biaya Kualitas
Authors: Rosdiana Yulia Maulidyanti , Iriyadi Iriyadi , Wahyuningsih Diah 
Published: October 2020

In each production process, it is possible there will be a discrepancy between the product that has been produced and with the standard, which referred to a defective product or a damaged product. The defective product or damaged product will affect the increase in production costs because the defective product has absorbed production costs from the beginning and it can cause losses to the company. Thus the company must make quality improvements to make the quality of the products produced more consistent and so that there are no more defective products. Improvement of this quality is needed by the existence of expenditure which is called quality cost. Quality costs are part of the production costs. With the existence of defective products or damaged products, it will cause production costs to increase because the company must pay for the process of reworking or reproducing. Therefore, by improving quality through quality costs, it is expected that production costs will be reduced. Production processes that pay attention to quality will reduce the possibility of product defects. Thus the company's production costs will be more efficient but still pay attention to the quality of the products produced. The purpose of this report is to find out how to supervise quality costs of UMKM in improving production cost efficiency. The author conducts community service at the UMKM Heriyanto which is a UMKM engaged in the shoe industry, especially adult women's shoes located on Jl. E. Sumawijaya, Sindang Barang Village, Gang Jambekiuna, Pasir Eurih Village, Taman Sari District, Bogor Regency.The results of the study show that the quality cost component found in the UMKM Heriyanto consists of prevention costs, internal failure costs, and external failure costs. In UMKM Heriyanto there is no apprasial cost because there is no quality control or checking activity for the product. In addition, the calculation of production costs in UMKM Heriyanto is quiet basic and simple because it does not separate the cost of direct raw materials from indirect raw materials, direct labor with indirect labor, and there are some overhead costs that are not taken into account. Internal failure costs consisting of excess raw materials have a significant influence on the cost of producing shoes for UMKM Heriyanto for all types of shoes. Thus the excess of this raw material must be reduced because it can affect the amount of raw material costs directly on production costs. If UMKM Heriyanto can implement the calculation of this quality cost, then in the next production it can reduce the cost of excess raw materials and UMKM Heriyanto can make production cost efficiency of 15%.

Keywords: qualitycosts, production cost, cost effieciency
Penerapan Penyajian Laporan Keuangan Berdasarkan SAK-ETAP Untuk Mengetahui Kinerja Keuangan UMKM Toko Angka Wijaya
Authors: Kartika Aprilia , Nuraini Airin 
Published: October 2020

Small and Medium Micro Enterprises are businesses that have an important role in the economy in Indonesia because micro, small and medium enterprises aim to grow and develop their business in order to build a national economy. SMEs are also able to open new jobs for domestic workers,SMEs provide income for the country in the form of foreign exchange. To get a better UMKM, so that SMEs can compete with large business institutions in terms of economy and empowerment, SMES actors must be aware of the importance of applying financial statements. The purpose of this study was to find out how the application of financial statements based on SAK-ETAP on SMEs and how financial performance in SMEs was implemented. The author conducts research at the Wijaya Figures Store UMKM located on Jl. Endang Sumawijaya Kampung Sindang Barang, Bogor Regency. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method. The results of the Angka Wijaya SMES research did not apply financial statement. This is because the SMES owner Angka Wijaya do not understand the financial statements based on SAK ETAP. During 2018 total assets, liability+equitycan be generated in the amount of IDR 386,558,000, profit of IDR 120,518,000 equity of IDR 366,229,000 and total net cash flow of IDR 261,238,000. The results of the wijaya store SMEs performance are calculated using profitability ratios based on profit from good sales and ussing on asset, meaning that the angka wijaya UMKMs are good in terms of sales and efficient in using assets, while SMES performance in capital usage is not good because of UMKM Angka wijaya is less efficient in capital

Keywords: application of financial statement presentation based on sak-etap to know wijaya's financial performance in figures shop smes
PKM Uji Kompetensi Bidang Keahlian Akuntansi Di SMK Bina Sejahtera Kota Bogor
Authors: Sudradjat Sudradjat , Djanegara Moermahadi Soerja 
Published: October 2020

Uji Kompetensi Keahlian (UKK) merupakan proses penilaian melalui pengumpulan bukti yang relevan apakah seseorang kompeten atau belum kompeten pada suatu klasifikasi tertentu. UKK diikuti oleh siswa dan siswi Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK). UKK disusun berdasarkan skema sertifikasi sesuai dengan jenjang kualifikasi peserta UKK yang memuat kemampuan untuk melaksanakan pekerjaan spesifik, operasional dan penjaminan mutu. Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 34 tahun 2018 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan SMK/MAK, tujuan penilaian hasil belajar adalah: (1) mengetahui tingkat capaian hasil belajar siswa; (2) mengetahui pertumbuhan dan perkembangan peserta didik; (3) mendiagnosis kesulitan belajar peserta didik; (4) mengetahui efektivitas proses pembelajaran; dan (5) mengetahui pencapaian kurikulum. Sedangkan tujuan pelaksanaan Ujian Kompetisi Keahlian (UKK) adalah: (a) mengukur pencapaian kompetensi siswa SMK yang telah menyelesaikan proses pembelajaran sesuai kompetensi keahlian yang ditempuh; (b) memfasilitasi siswa SMK yang akan menyelesaikan pendidikannya untuk mendapatkan sertifikat kompetensi dan/atau sertifikat uji kompetensi; (c) mengoptimalkan pelaksanaan sertifikasi kompetensi yang berorientasi pada capaian kompetensi lulusan SMK sesuai Kerangka Nasional Indonesia; (d) memfasiliasi kerjasama SMK dengan dunia usaha/industri dalam rangka pelaksanaan uji kompetensi sesuai kebutuhan dunia usaha dan dunia industri. Kompetensi keahlian akuntansi adalah salah satu bagian dari bidang keahlian bisnis manajemen di SMK Bina Sejahtera yang mendapat minat dari masyarakat selain bidang keahlian bisnis manajemen yang lain seperti pemasaran dan administrasi perkantoran.

Kata Kunci : Kompetensi, SMK, Siswa
Pelaksanaan Pelatihan Strategi Kepemimpinan Bagi Pegawai BPR Mitra Daya Mandiri Bogor
Authors: Marpaung Annaria Magdalena , Marpaung Bintang Sahala 
Published: October 2020

Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman para pegawai BPR Mitra Daya Mandiri di Kota Bogor yang terkait dengan pengetahuan strategi kepemimpinan. Minimnya pengetahuan tentang strategi kepemimpinan bagi para calon pemimpin di BPR Mitra Daya Mandiri, menimbulkan kesulitan dalam mengembangkan usaha BPR karena tidak mengetahui dengan strategi kepemimpinan yang akan dijalankan oleh seluruh karyawan yang terlibat dalam kegiatan di BPR Mitra Daya Mandiri, tentu hal ini juga berdampak kepada terbatasnya perkembangan usaha di BPR Mitra Daya Mandiri. Untuk dapat membuat mengarahkan seluruh karyawan yang terlibat dalam aktivitas perusahaan, sebagai seorang pemimpin di BPR Mitra Daya harus memiliki strategi dalam menjalankan kepemimpinannya. Karena itu, pimpinan BPR Mitra Daya perlu memberikan pengarahan kepada seluruh karyawannya terkait dengan strategi yang akan dijalankan dalam pencapaian tujuan perusahaan, khususnya pencapaian tujuan di BPR Mitra Daya Mandiri. Melalui pelatihan ini diharapkan akan membuka wawasan para calon pemimpin di BPR Mitra Daya Mandiri terutama terkait dengan strategi kepemimpinan, seperti : pengertian kepemimpinan, pentingnya peran kepemimpinan, dan strategi kepemimpinan guna membantu karyawan untuk bekerja dan pencapaian tujuan organisasi. Hasil dari pelaksanaan pelatihan ini, diharapkan para calon pemimpin BPR Mitra Daya Mandiri di Kota Bogor akan mengatahui dan mempraktekan yang terkait dengan strategi kepemimpinan, guna membantu karyawannya agar bekerja dengan lebih baik, sehingga akan berdampak pada kemajuan dan perkembangan usaha BPR Mitra Daya Mandiri menjadi semakin berkembang dan semakin baik.

Kata Kunci: Strategi Kepemimpinan, Calon Pemimpin BPR Mitra Daya Mandiri
Pendampingan Penguasaan Table Manners Untuk Bisnis Bagi Karyawan BPR Mandiri
Authors: Cahyani Nani , Puspitasari Ratih , Syarif Rini 
Published: October 2020

Kegiatan makan bersama kolega dalam rangka berbisnis menjadi bagian yang seringkali tidak terpisahkan. Kegiatan yang sederhana ini memiliki dampak besar terhadap keberhasilan suatu kerjasama bisnis. Adat istiadat ketimuran menunjukkan bahwa menjamu makan rekan kerja atau kolega bisnis menjadi bagian yang penting untuk menjalin komunikasi yang hangat dan cair. Untuk itu menjadi penting bagi pelaku bisnis untuk menguasai konsep dan teknik table manner dengan benar. Tujuan diadakannya pelatihan Table Manners adalah untuk memberikan tutorial secara langsung mengenai bagaimana mengaplikasikan tata cara makan secara formal sesuai dengan kaidah table manners. Metode pelatihan melalui tutorial secara langsung, dimana seluruh partisipan diberikan jamuan makan siang mulai dari appetizer, soup, main course hingga dessert. Pada setiap course jamuan, diberikan pemaparan terkait food knowledge dan juga table manners. Penyampaian materi diberikan secara oral dengan bantuan power point pada layar televsi di dalam restoran. Melalui pelatihan ini, diharapkan partisipan dapat mengaplikasikan bagaimana berperilaku dan bersikap serta memahami tata cara dalam jamuan secara formal

Kata Kunci: bisnis, komunikasi bisnis, table manner, kolega bisnis