bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UGCG overexpression leads to increased glycolysis and increased oxidative phosphorylation of breast cancer cells
Authors: Schömel Nina , Gruber Lisa , Alexopoulos Stephanie J. , Trautmann Sandra , Olzomer Ellen M. , Byrne Frances L. , Hoehn Kyle L. , Gurke Robert , Thomas Dominique , Ferreirós Nerea , Geisslinger Gerd , Wegner Marthe-Susanna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe only enzyme in the glycosphingolipid (GSL) metabolic pathway, which produces glucosylceramide (GlcCer) de novo is UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG). UGCG is linked to pro-cancerous processes such as multidrug resistance development and increased proliferation in several cancer types. Previously, we showed an UGCG-dependent glutamine metabolism adaption to nutrient-poor environment of breast cancer cells. This adaption includes reinforced oxidative stress response and fueling the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle by increased glutamine oxidation. In the current study, we investigated glycolytic and oxidative metabolic phenotypes following UGCG overexpression (OE). UGCG overexpressing MCF-7 cells underwent a metabolic shift from quiescent/aerobic to energetic metabolism by increasing both glycolysis and oxidative glucose metabolism. The energetic metabolic phenotype was not associated with increased mitochondrial mass, however, markers of mitochondrial turnover were increased. UGCG OE altered sphingolipid composition of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/mitochondria fractions that may contribute to increased mitochondrial turnover and increased cell metabolism. Our data indicate that GSL are closely connected to cell energy metabolism and this finding might contribute to development of novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
Characterization of FANCL variants observed in patient cancer cells
Authors: Frost Mark G. , Mazloumi Aboukheili Amir Mahdi , Toth Rachel , Walden Helen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by developmental defects, bone marrow failure and high predisposition to cancer. The FA DNA repair pathway is required in humans to coordinate repair of DNA interstrand cross-links. The central event in the activation of the pathway is the monoubiquitination of FANCD2 and FANCI by the E2-E3 pair, Ube2T-FANCL, with the central UBC-RWD (URD) domain of FANCL recognizing the substrates. Whole genome sequencing studies of cancer cells from patients identified point mutations in the FANCL URD domain. We analysed 17 such variants of FANCL, including known substrate binding mutants (W212A, W214A and L248A, F252A, L254A, I265A), a FA mutation (R221C) and 14 cancer-associated mutations (F110S, I136V, L149V, L154S, A192G, E215Q, E217K, R221W, T224K, M247V, F252L, N270K, V287G, E289Q) through recombinant expression analysis, thermal shift assay, interaction with FANCD2, in vitro ubiquitination activity, and cellular sensitivity to an interstrand cross-linking agent. We find that the FANCL mutations I136V, L154S, W212A and L214A, R221W, R221C, and V287G are destabilizing, with N270K and E289Q destabilizing the C-terminal helices of the URD domain. The hydrophobic patch mutant (L248A, F252A, L254A, I265A), along with mutations E217K, T224K, and M247V, cause defects in the catalytic function of FANCL. This highlights the C-terminal lobe of the FANCL URD domain as important for the activity and function of FANCL. These mutations which affect the fold and activity of FANCL may contribute to tumorigenesis in these non-FA cancer patients, and this implicates FA genes in general cancer progression.
Associations between PHACTR1 gene polymorphisms and pulse pressure in Chinese Han population
Authors: Gu Kunfang , Zhang Yue , Sun Ke , Jiang Xiubo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Chinese twins was performed to explore associations between genes and pulse pressure (PP) in 2012, and detected a suggestive association in the phosphatase and actin regulator 1 (PHACTR1) gene on chromosome 6p24.1 (rs1223397, P=1.04e−07). The purpose of the present study was to investigate associations of PHACTR1 gene polymorphisms with PP in a Chinese population. We recruited 347 subjects with PP ≥ 65 mmHg as cases and 359 subjects with 30 ≤ PP ≤ 45 mmHg as controls. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PHACTR1 gene were genotyped. Logistic regression was performed to explore associations between SNPs and PP in codominant, additive, dominant, recessive and overdominant models. The Pearson’s χ2 test was applied to assess the relationships of haplotypes and PP. The A allele of rs9349379 had a positive effect on high PP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that rs9349379 was significantly related to high PP in codominant [AA vs GG, 2.255 (1.132–4.492)], additive [GG vs GA vs AA, 1.368 (1.049–1.783)] and recessive [AA vs GA + GG, 2.062 (1.051–4.045)] models. The positive association between rs499818 and high PP was significant in codominant [AA vs GG, 3.483 (1.044–11.613)] and recessive [AA vs GG + GA, 3.716 (1.119–12.339)] models. No significant association of haplotypes with PP was detected. There was no significant interaction between six SNPs without strong linkage. In conclusion, the present study presents that rs9349379 and rs499818 in the PHACTR1 gene were significantly associated with PP in Chinese population. Future research should be conducted to confirm them.
Mechanisms and roles of mitochondrial localisation and dynamics in neuronal function
Authors: Seager Richard , Lee Laura , Henley Jeremy M. , Wilkinson Kevin A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Neurons are highly polarised, complex and incredibly energy intensive cells, and their demand for ATP during neuronal transmission is primarily met by oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria. Thus, maintaining the health and efficient function of mitochondria is vital for neuronal integrity, viability and synaptic activity. Mitochondria do not exist in isolation, but constantly undergo cycles of fusion and fission, and are actively transported around the neuron to sites of high energy demand. Intriguingly, axonal and dendritic mitochondria exhibit different morphologies. In axons mitochondria are small and sparse whereas in dendrites they are larger and more densely packed. The transport mechanisms and mitochondrial dynamics that underlie these differences, and their functional implications, have been the focus of concerted investigation. Moreover, it is now clear that deficiencies in mitochondrial dynamics can be a primary factor in many neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the role that mitochondrial dynamics play in neuronal function, how these processes support synaptic transmission and how mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in neurodegenerative disease.
The Effect of SPEAK OUT! and The LOUD Crowd on Dysarthria Due to Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Behrman Alison , Cody Jennifer , Elandary Samantha , Flom Peter , Chitnis Shilpa 
Published: May 2020

PurposeSPEAK OUT! and The LOUD Crowd is a standardized speech therapy program of 12 individual treatments combined with ongoing weekly group sessions for individuals with dysarthria due to Parkinson's disease (PD). The premise of this program is that individuals with PD must rely on goal-directed basal ganglia–cortical circuits to compensate for deficits in habitual, automatic control. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of this therapy program.MethodForty individuals with idiopathic PD received SPEAK OUT! in 12 individual 40-min sessions 3 times per week for 4 consecutive weeks and also participated in The LOUD Crowd. Assessments were conducted 3 times at baseline and then within 1 and 6 weeks after completion of the individual SPEAK OUT! sessions. Twenty-five adults without communication disorders were assessed on the same schedule. Acoustic outcome measures were mean intensity from reading and monologue, the prosody measures of standard deviation of intensity and frequency from reading and monologue, and the voice quality measure of cepstral peak prominence from reading. Patient perception of voice was also assessed with the Voice-Related Quality of Life.ResultsPosttherapy, mean intensity was greater and variation of frequency was larger in reading and monologue, while variation in intensity was larger in monologue but unchanged in reading. Cepstral peak prominence and Voice-Related Quality of Life scores were significantly higher (improved) after therapy.ConclusionThese data contribute to evidence of the effectiveness of this program for hypokinetic dysarthria secondary to idiopathic PD and thus inform clinical practice in the selection among treatment options.
Parameterisations of interior properties of rocky planets
Authors: Noack Lena , Lasbleis Marine 
Published: May 2020

Context.Observations of Earth-sized exoplanets are mostly limited to information on their masses and radii. Simple mass-radius relationships have been developed for scaled-up versions of Earth or other planetary bodies such as Mercury and Ganymede, as well as for one-material spheres made of pure water(-ice), silicates, or iron. However, they do not allow a thorough investigation of composition influences and thermal state on a planet’s interior structure and properties.Aims.In this work, we investigate the structure of a rocky planet shortly after formation and at later stages of thermal evolution assuming the planet is differentiated into a metal core and a rocky mantle (consisting of Earth-like minerals, but with a variable iron content).Methods.We derived possible initial temperature profiles after the accretion and magma ocean solidification. We then developed parameterisations for the thermodynamic properties inside the core depending on planet mass, composition, and thermal state.Results.We provide the community with robust scaling laws for the interior structure, temperature profiles, and core- and mantle-averaged thermodynamic properties for planets composed of Earth’s main minerals but with variable compositions of iron and silicates.Conclusions.The scaling laws make it possible to investigate variations in thermodynamic properties for different interior thermal states in a multitude of applications such as deriving mass-radius scaling laws or estimating magnetic field evolution and core crystallisation for rocky exoplanets.
Contribution of the ageing effect to the observed asymmetry of interplanetary magnetic clouds
Authors: Démoulin P. , Dasso S. , Lanabere V. , Janvier M. 
Published: May 2020

Context.Large magnetic structures are launched away from the Sun during solar eruptions. They are observed as (interplanetary) coronal mass ejections (ICMEs or CMEs) with coronal and heliospheric imagers. A fraction of them are observed in situ as magnetic clouds (MCs). Fitting these structures properly with a model requires a better understanding of their evolution.Aims.In situ measurements are made locally when the spacecraft trajectory crosses the magnetic configuration. These observations are taken for different elements of plasma and at different times, and are therefore biased by the expansion of the magnetic configuration. This ageing effect means that stronger magnetic fields are measured at the front than at the rear of MCs. This asymmetry is often present in MC data. However, the question is whether the observed asymmetry can be explained quantitatively from the expansion alone.Methods.Based on self-similar expansion, we derived a method for estimating the expansion rate from the observed plasma velocity. We next corrected the observed magnetic field and the spatial coordinate along the spacecraft trajectory for the ageing effect. This provided corrected data as in the case when the MC internal structure were observed at the same time.Results.We apply the method to 90 best-observed MCs near Earth (1995–2012). The ageing effect is the main source of the observed magnetic asymmetry for only 28% of the MCs. After correcting for the ageing effect, the asymmetry is almost symmetrically distributed between MCs with a stronger magnetic field at the front and those at the rear of MCs.Conclusions.The proposed method can efficiently remove the ageing bias within in situ data of MCs, and more generally, of ICMEs. This allows us to analyse the data with a spatial coordinate, such as in models or remote-sensing observations.
Lagerungstherapie bei bindegewebigen Gelenkkontrakturen am Beispiel der Frozen Shoulder
Authors: Schomacher Jochen 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungPassive Mobilisation wirkt allgemein schmerzlindernd und kann daher auch bei schmerzhaften Bewegungseinschränkungen der Frozen Shoulder effektiv sein. Die
schwache bis moderate Evidenz in der Literatur ist diesbezüglich unklar. Bei der im Krankheitsverlauf der Frozen Shoulder entstehenden bindegewebigen
Gelenkkontraktur ist die manuelle Mobilisation unwirksam.Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert anhand einer narrativen Literaturanalyse die Ursachen einer bindegewebigen Gelenkkontraktur und stellt Behandlungsmöglichkeiten
vor. Die tägliche stundenlange Behandlungsdauer scheint hierbei eine entscheidende Rolle zu spielen. Einige Studien erreichten dies mit der Schienenbehandlung.
Die praktikable Alternative der Lagerung wird als Teil eines Behandlungsprogramms bei bindegewebigen Gelenkkontrakturen vorgestellt.
Die Skapuladyskinesie – eine Analyse
Authors: Stindt Beate 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungSowohl in der Forschung als auch im klinischen Kontext wird viel über die Skapuladyskinesie diskutiert. Ist sie die Ursache von Nacken- oder Schulterschmerzen
oder das Resultat dieser Beschwerden? Ist sie in klinischer Hinsicht relevant oder irrelevant für Patienten mit Nacken- oder Schulterschmerzen? Beate Stindt
gibt einen Überblick über Definition, Anatomie und Ätiologie der Skapuladyskinesie. Eine wichtige Rolle spielt dabei das Konzept der Bewegungsgesundheit.
Den Belastungen des Schulranzens mit gezielter Anspannung entgegenwirken
Authors: Eichmann Björn , Erhardt Tobias , Kirchberger Joris 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungImmer mehr Kinder leiden an Rückenschmerzen, in der Altersklasse von 11–17 Jahren sogar mehr als jedes 4. Kind. Als Ursache wird unter anderem der Schulranzen
angenommen.Diese randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie mit 59 Kindern untersuchte, ob sich die Schmerzen durch ein Rückentraining reduzieren lassen. Die beiden
Interventionsgruppen führten ein- bzw. zweimal pro Woche ein Rückentraining durch, die 3. Gruppe diente als Kontrollgruppe. Es zeigte sich kein signifikanter
Zusammenhang zwischen dem Gewicht des Schulranzens und dem Auftreten von Rückenschmerzen. Die Interventionsgruppen verbesserten im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe
jedoch signifikant ihre Koordination.Die Studienergebnisse liefern Denkanstöße für die Gesundheitspädagogik an Grundschulen.
EASAPS/ESPRAS Considerations in getting back to work in Plastic Surgery with the COVID-19 Pandemic – A European point of view
Authors: van Heijningen Ivar , Frank Konstantin , Giunta Riccardo E. , Parreira Jose Carlos , Zic Rado , Almeida Francisco , Bösch Urs , Bradic Nicola , Costa Horacio , Demirdover Cenk , Henley Mark , Kamolz Lars Peter , Rouif Michel , Spendel Stephan , Russe-Wilflingseder Katharina , Stark Birgit 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to summarize the results of a consensus process and a European webinar of the two societies, European Association of Societies of Aesthetic Surgery (EASAPS) and the European Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Societies (ESPRAS) on what is considered safe practice based on the scientific knowledge we have today. This review of the current situations gives considerations which have to be taken into account when getting back to work in plastic surgery with COVID-19 in Europe. At all times, one should be familiar the local and regional infection rates in the community, with particular emphasis on the emergence of second and third waves of the pandemic. Due to the fast-evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic the recommendations aim to be rather considerations than fixed guidelines and might need to be revised in near future.
GARLIC: IT'S ROLE IN ORAL AND SYSTEMIC HEALTH
Authors: K. Harini , Babu Subash , Ajila Vidya , Hegde Shruthi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA range of treatment modalities are available for the treatment of different oral diseases.The frequent use and misuse of currently available therapeutic agents has led to the evolution of increased incidence of adverse effects and development of resistant strains. Hence the search for an alternative option continues. Medicinal plants have been used as traditional treatment agents since ages. Garlic (Allium sativum) has been recognized for a number of therapeutic properties in the traditional system of medicine. Allium sativum is traditionally employed to treat infection, colds, diabetes, heart disease, and a host of other disorders. Clinically, it has been evaluated for lowering blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose concentration, as well as for the prevention of arteriosclerosis and cancer. It is well known for its potent anti- inflammatory, anti- oxidant, anti-bacterial and antimutagenic properties. This article aims to review the efficacy of garlic in maintaining oral health in particular and overall health in general.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TERBINAFINE ETHOSOMAL FORMULATIONS: A NOVEL APPROACH
Authors: R. Narayana Charyulu , Satveek Mehta , M. Harish N. , Patil Amit B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present research work aimed at the impact of reduced vesicular size on the characteristics of ethosomes by comparing with the regular vesicular size of ethosomes as topical drug delivery vehicle to achieve optimal localized drug concentration and reduced dose frequency of the Terbinafine hydrochloride (TH), an antifungal drug. Oral use of TH contraindicated resulting from sever side effect, thus topical administration is recommended. Commercially available TH creams, lotions and sprays, have limitation of relatively short residual period at target site. The entrapment of drug in vesicles improves localization, solubility and availability of drug at the site; resulting in reduction of the dose. Ethosomes containing drug were prepared by employing higher concentration of alcohol in the form of hydroalcoholic or hydroglycolic phospholipid. Sonicated and unsonicated ethosomes were investigated for shape, particle size, and entrapment efficiency. Electronic microscope investigation not only revealed, vital evidence for presence of phospholipid vesicles in TH ethosomal systems but also displayed greater uniformity in size and shape of sonicated ethosomes than unsonicated ethosomes. Furthermore, the Comparative investigation was carried out for ex vivo skin permeation, ex vivo drug release and entrapment efficiency studies. Drug release followed zero order release rate kinetics. Drug accumulation study showed more than 19.01 % of drug was deposited into skin by sonicated ethosomal formulation as compared to 2.57 % by unsonicated ethosomal formulation. Sonicated and unsonicated ethosomes were found stable at refrigeration and room temperature conditions during stability studies. Drug accumulation studies in deep skin strata was found to be comparatively greater in sonicated ethosomes, which indicates higher localized drug and that in turn reduces dose frequency.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE ON CHILD REARING PRACTICES AMONG FATHERS OF & CHILDREN OF 1-6 YEARS OF AGE, IN KASTURBA HOSPITAL, MANIPAL
Authors: A. Sreeram , A. D'Souza , E. Margaret B. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective:To assess the knowledge and attitude on child rearing practices among fathers of & children of 1-6 years of age.
Materials and method:A descriptive correlational survey was done among conveniently selected 150 fathers of & children of 1-6 years of age at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. The knowledge and attitude in childrearing practices were assessed using a demographic proforma, knowledge questionnaire and attitude scale.
Result:The findings showed that fathers' had satisfactory knowledge and favourable attitude in childrearing practices. The study also revealed that there was a significant association between knowledge and type of family (p= 0.015) and that there was no significant association between attitude in childrearing practices and demographic variables.
Conclusion:The study concluded that there is no relationship between knowledge and attitude on child rearing practices among fathers and fathers' had satisfactory knowledge and favourable attitude in childrearing practices.
IMMEDIATE PARTIAL DENTURE PROSTHESIS - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Bhat Vinaya , Balaji S. Sriram 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProsthodontic management of a patient who requires immediate denture needs lot of understanding from the operator. Immediate dentures must be compatible both biologically and physiologically with the oral environment. Also the co operation exhibited by the patient towards the treatment protocol also plays a major role in its success. This case report describes a patient treated with immediate partial denture prosthesis.
ANTHROPOIDAL POUCH TECHNIQUE FOR HIGHLY RESORBED RIDGES
Authors: Kaira Laxman Singh , Dabral Esha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article presents a case report on neutral zone technique used for treating a complete edentulous patient with resorbed ridges. It emphasizes on using materials available by the chairside to make impressions for resorbed ridges and to locate the neutral zone. It also presents certain modifications in technique for recording the neutral zone to achieving maximum prosthesis stability, comfort and function
Fiscal Policy, Multidimensional Poverty, and Equity in Uganda: A Child-Lens Analysis
Authors: Cuesta Jose , Jellema Jon , Ferrone Lucia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFiscal incidence analysis is the most widely used methodology to assess the distributional effects of fiscal policies. However, despite 40 years of use and refinement, it still lacks. A focus on the redistributive capacity of fiscal policy among children is increasingly important as policymakers pay growing attention to the disproportionate incidence of poverty among children globally. This paper brings a child-dedicated focus to fiscal incidence analysis by tracking child-relevant benefits, making child wellbeing the unit of analysis, and using multidimensional child poverty metrics. The analysis—Commitment to Equity for Children, or CEQ4C—integrates three analytical frameworks: public finance, fiscal incidence, and multidimensional child poverty. The paper develops a proof of concept for Uganda that includes measurement, diagnostics, and a policy simulation package replicable across diverse contexts. The proof of concept confirms that CEQ4C provides a higher-resolution fiscal incidence analysis for children than the traditional fiscal incidence analysis.
The influence of occupation on the longevity of Japanese traditional artists
Authors: Hayashi Naoyuki , Kezuka Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe long-term lifestyle is known to affect lifespan and mortality. In particular, it is well known that exercise habit decreases the mortality. The effects of performing strenuous exercise, however, as an occupation over a lifetime have been unclear. Here we show the effects of various occupations that include being sedentary and performing music and exercise activities and/or birth year on longevity of 699 professional male artists either alive or dead, as reported in books and webpages. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant effect of occupation type on longevity among the four Japanese traditional arts professions of Kabuki, Sado, Rakugo and Nagauta, which include strenuous exercise, and tea ceremonies, telling comic stories and playing instruments while sitting, respectively. Discrete-time logistic regression analysis showed that the lifespan was significantly shorter for Kabuki actors than among the other three Japanese traditional artists. This result suggests that daily strenuous exercise as an occupation shortens rather than prolongs the lifespan.