bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Insulin/glucagon Ratio and Cell Redox State in the&nbsp;Hyperglycemia Induced by Exposure to Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in Rats
Authors: Martiñón-Gutiérrez Gabriel , Luna-Castro María , Hernández-Muñoz Rolando E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) with a might adversely affect the endocrine system and reproductive functions, as well as the development of animals. Nonetheless, the use of EMFs in the form of magneto-therapy exerts beneficial actions in pain amelioration, post-stroke recovery, or in bone fractures, where EMFs can affect glucose and lipids metabolism, inducing hyperglycemia and a “diabetic” response. Methods: Therefore, we used fed or fasted male rats for a single exposure to 60-Hz EMFs, determining serum levels of glucose, lipids, and indicators of cellular redox state and energy parameter, as well as to perform a metabolic tracing of glucose in the whole animal. Results: A single exposure to EMFs induced hyperglycemia in both, fed and fasted rats, accompanied by an attenuation of a second serum insulin peak. In addition, EMFs also decreased serum levels of free fatty acids and lactate, while they increased those of pyruvate and acetoacetate. Changes in blood glucose level were related with a more oxidized cellular redox state and with the insulin/glucagon ratio. Moreover, rat’s glucose metabolism also coincided with variations in insulin and glucagon secretion, probably depending on cell redox state; these EMFs effects were not modified in animals previously subjected to a chronic exposure (14 days). Conclusions: Increased serum glucose levels and glucose metabolism induced by EMFs exposure were closely related with the cellular redox state and with the insulin/glucagon ratio, whereas changes in the metabolic energy availability seemed to play a minor role in these EMFs-induced metabolic modifications.
Targeted expression profiling reveals distinct stages of early canine fibroblast reprogramming are regulated by 2-oxoglutarate hydroxylases
Authors: Tobias Ian C. , Kao Mian-Mian C. , Parmentier Thomas , Hunter Hailey , LaMarre Jonathan , Betts Dean H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Ectopic expression of a defined set of transcription factors allows the reprogramming of mammalian somatic cells to pluripotency. Despite continuous progress in primate and rodent reprogramming, limited attention has been paid to cell reprogramming in domestic and companion species. Previous studies attempting to reprogram canine cells have mostly assessed a small number of presumptive canine induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines for generic pluripotency attributes. However, why canine cell reprogramming remains extremely inefficient is poorly understood. Methods: To better characterize the initial steps of pluripotency induction in canine somatic cells, we optimized an experimental system where canine fetal fibroblasts (cFFs) are transduced with the Yamanaka reprogramming factors by Sendai virus vectors. We use quantitative PCR arrays to measure the expression of 80 target genes at various stages of canine cell reprogramming. We ask how cFF reprogramming is influenced by small molecules affecting the epigenomic modification 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, specifically L-ascorbic acid and retinoic acid (AA/RA). Results: We found that the expression and catalytic output of a class of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent (2-OG) hydroxylases, known as ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, can be modulated in canine cells treated with AA/RA. We further show that AA/RA treatment induces TET1 expression and facilitates early canine reprogramming, evidenced by upregulation of epithelial and pluripotency markers. Using a chemical inhibitor of 2-OG hydroxylases, we demonstrate that 2-OG hydroxylase activity regulates the expression of a subset of genes involved in mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) and pluripotency in early canine reprogramming. We identify a set of transcription factors depleted in maturing reprogramming intermediates compared to pluripotent canine embryonic stem cells. Conclusions: Our findings highlight 2-OG hydroxylases have evolutionarily conserved and divergent functions regulating the early reprogramming of canine somatic cells and show reprogramming conditions can be rationally optimized for the generation of maturing canine iPSC.
Correlation Dimension and Seismic Quiescence around Northern Sumatra&nbsp;
Authors: Triyoso Wahyu , Sukmono Sigit 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The implementation of the correlation dimension (Dc) analysis is often used to measure the scaling attribute's possible size or grouping of seismotectonic variables. Related to seismicity in certain areas, Dc can suggest the existence of potential seismic gaps to release strain energy in the future. It can be identified that the presence of earthquake precursors can be characterized by changing the pattern of seismicity in space-time correlate strongly with the existence of zones and periods of seismic quiescence before major earthquake events. In this study, the Dc and the difference of Dc (δDc) are evaluated based on previous studies in which Dc is estimated based on the b-value of shallow earthquake data, and δDc is calculated based on the two periods before and during Region Time Length. We found the consistency that the areas filled by large earthquake events are in the zone with relatively high Dc and δDc. Dc tends to have a strong correlation to suggesting the existence of potential seismic gaps to release strain energy. δDc could be correlated with the possible stress transfer that may trigger the next sequence large earthquake.
Pulmonary hypertension in the developing world: Local registries, challenges, and ways to move forward
Authors: Idrees Majdy , Butrous Ghazwan , Mocunbi Ana , Sastry Bhagavathula , Ibrahim Ahmed , Alobaidallah Khalid , Hassan Ahmed , Farghaly Ayman AH , Yacoub Magdi 
Published: September 2020

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease that can only be appropriately managed in the ‘rich’ developed countries, as both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions are extremely expensive and expectations for these to be adopted by the developing, economically-challenged countries are neither practical nor realistic. Furthermore, most of the enormous advances in understanding the pathobiology of PH and the subsequent evidence-based diagnostic and complex treatment algorithms came from the developed world.
Group 3 pulmonary hypertension: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: McGetterick Michael , Peacock Andrew 
Published: September 2020

[No abstract. Showing first paragraph of article]Pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with hypoxia and lung disease, first identified as Group 3 in the 2008 Dana Point classification of PH, is the second most common form of PH and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The most common lung diseases resulting in PH are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease (ILD) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) but is also associated with other diseases, such as cysticfibrosis and high altitude exposure. Those with PH in the setting of obstructive or restrictive lung disease have worse outcomes, but it is not clear if the PH causes increased mortality or whether it is a marker for the severe end of the lung disease spectrum. Patients with Group 3 disease have a worse outcome than Group 1 IPAH. Those patients with Group 1 disease pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) but with minor associated lung disease also suffer from worse outcomes.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension: Rationale for using multiple vs. single drug therapy
Authors: Maron Bradley A 
Published: September 2020

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is defined by a heterogenous pathobiology that corresponds to variable clinical presentation, treatment response, and prognosis across affected patients. The approach to pharmacotherapeutics in PAH has evolved since the introduction of the first prostacyclin replacement drug, which was trialed in patients with end-stage disease as a strategy by which to delay or prevent mortality. Subsequently, the aim of care in PAH has shifted toward minimizing symptoms, improving functional capacity, delaying disease progression, and prolonging life. Thus, treatments are now implemented earlier and according to the evidence base, which spans more than twenty years and includes patients at various stages of disease. Overall, the evidence supports multidrug therapy rather than monotherapy in the majority ofPAH patients. Among incident patients, up-front combination therapy with ambrisentan and tadalafil or other comparable agents within these drug classes is recommended based on strong clinical trial data. In the near future, up-front triple therapy may be emerge as bona fide treatment approach in selected patients. Future goals that are already under consideration in PAH include stronger integration of pathobiological characteristics when considering the use of specific drugs, or the development of novel therapies, toward precision medicine-based clinical pharmacology.
Antibiotic activity and resistance of lactic acid bacteria and other antagonistic bacteriocin-producing microorganisms
Authors: Yang Yong , Babich Olga , Sukhikh Stanislav , Zimina Mariya , Milentyeva Irina 
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Increased resistance of microorganisms to traditional antibiotics has created a practical need for isolating and synthesizing new antibiotics. We aimed to study the antibiotic activity and resistance of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria and other microorganisms.
Study objects and methods. We studied the isolates of the following microorganism strains: Bacillus subtilis, Penicillium glabrum, Penicillium lagena, Pseudomonas koreenis, Penicillium ochrochloron, Leuconostoc lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus acidilactici, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bacteroides hypermegas, Bacteroides ruminicola, Pediococcus damnosus, Bacteroides paurosaccharolyticus, Halobacillus profundi, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, and Bacillus caldotenax. Pathogenic test strains included Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus mycoides, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Proteus vulgaris. The titer of microorganisms was determined by optical density measurements at 595 nm.
Results and discussion. We found that eleven microorganisms out of twenty showed high antimicrobial activity against all test strains of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. All the Bacteroides strains exhibited little antimicrobial activity against Gramnegative test strains, while Halobacillus profundi had an inhibitory effect on Gram-positive species only. The Penicillium strains also displayed a slight antimicrobial effect on pathogenic test strains.
Conclusion. The antibiotic resistance of the studied lactic acid bacteria and other bacteriocin-producing microorganisms allows for their use in the production of pharmaceutical antibiotic drugs.
Kashk with caper (Capparis spinosa L.) extract: quality during storage
Authors: Hematian Ashkan , Nouri Marjan , Dolatabad Saeed Safari 
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Dairy products are an important part of the diet. Kashk is a traditional Iranian dairy product rich in protein. However, kashk has a high water content and is a good medium for the growth of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of caper fruit (Capparis spinosa L.) on reducing the microbial burden of kashk.
Study objects and methods. The study objects were three kashk samples. The control sample was kashk without caper extract. Two experimental samples included kashk with 0.211 and kashk with 0.350 mg/mL of ethanolic caper extract. All the samples were tested for pH, sensory and antioxidant properties, colorimetric parameters, and microbial population. The experiments were performed on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of storage.
Results and discussion. The results showed all the samples had pH within the standard values during the entire shelf life (3.96 to 4.53). The samples with 0.350 mg/mL of the caper extract had the lowest EC50 (12.05 μg/mL), i.e. the highest antioxidant activity. The increased concentration of the extract and storage time resulted in a decrease in L* and increase in b*, while did not impact a*. Staphylococcus aureus population increased more rapidly than Clostridium botulinum during the storage time, and the overall sensory acceptability of the kashk samples on days 0 and 7 received the highest score.
Conclusion. The kashk samples containing 0.350 mg/mL of caper extract had an improved antimicrobial, antioxidant and antifungal properties and can be produced and consumed as a new functional product.
Hydrologic alteration and potential ecosystemic implications under a changing climate in the Chitral River, Hindukush region, Pakistan
Authors: Usman M. , Pan X. , Penna D. , Ahmad B. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study investigates changes in the hydrologic regime of the Chitral River, Hindukush–Karakoram–Himalayan (HKH) region, Pakistan. Different statistically based methods were used to assess climate change-induced hydrologic alterations that can possibly impact aquatic habitat in the study region. The hydrological model Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) was calibrated, validated, and applied to predict streamflow in the Chitral River basin. The HBV model was forced with the ensemble of four general circulation models under different representative concentration pathway emission scenarios to generate future streamflow under climate change conditions in the basin for the mid-twenty-first century. The results of this study show that hydrologic regimes in the study area, expressed by the magnitude, duration, frequency, timing, and rate of streamflow, are likely to alter in the future. Positive (i.e., with increased frequency) hydrologic alteration is projected for most flow parameters under all scenarios for the 2021–2050 period compared with values observed during the historical period (1976–2005). These hydrologic alterations might have impacts on fish and migratory bird species in the study area. This research can be helpful in providing practical information for more effective water resources and aquatic ecosystem management in the HKH region.
Evaluation of the carbon emission reduction effects of ecological river revetment construction
Authors: Yu Yuanhui , Xiao Weihua , Wang Yicheng , Shang Songhao , Wang Hejia , Huang Ya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Water conservancy projects are one of the main sources of carbon emissions. Nearly 60% of river revetments in developed countries are treated with ecological slope protection technologies to reduce carbon emissions. Ecological river revetment has been widely adopted as a measure for slope protection. Presently, the study on carbon emission reduction mainly focuses on agricultural production, petroleum exploitation, residential life, and transportation. No significant research has been made on the effects of river revetment protection projects on carbon emissions. This study evaluates the carbon emissions from structural and ecological revetments, and its impact on China's climate. Results show that the ecological revetment can reduce carbon emissions significantly, by 93% as compared to the structural revetment. Moreover, the construction cost of an ecological slope is 37% cheaper than that of a structural slope. This research proves that ecological river slope protection technologies are vital for reducing China's carbon emission.
Assessing sectoral heterogeneity and leadership in urban water management networks
Authors: Bell Emily V. , Henry Adam Douglas , Pivo Gary 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Many urban systems worldwide face increasing complexity and uncertainty in water governance. As a result, integrated urban water management (IUWM) has become increasingly common. The IUWM paradigm conceptualizes water supply, conveyance, and treatment as an integrated system to improve water management efficiency and sustainability. This approach often presents new responsibilities that require coordinated efforts and leadership, but factors such as professional protocols, limited time, legal mandates, and budgetary constraints may limit joint implementation. To understand how policy stakeholders translate goals into action, we ask: How do sectoral affiliation of governance stakeholder organizations and leadership influence patterns of joint implementation of programs and policies over time? Using inferential social network analysis, this paper examines how coordination and leadership play a role in the implementation of IUWM. We find that the presence of leaders has a significant effect on joint implementation of integrated programs and policies over time. Counter to our expectations, however, organizations from the same sector (e.g., local government, non-profit, private, etc.) tend to implement IUWM policies and programs together.
A Cardiovascular Health and Wellness Mobile Health Intervention Among Church-Going African Americans: Formative Evaluation of the FAITH! App
Authors: Brewer LaPrincess C , Kumbamu Ashok , Smith Christina , Jenkins Sarah , Jones Clarence , Hayes Sharonne N , Burke Lora , Cooper Lisa A , Patten Christi A 
Published: September 2020

Background
In light of the scarcity of culturally tailored mobile health (mHealth) lifestyle interventions for African Americans, we designed and pilot tested the Fostering African-American Improvement in Total Health (FAITH!) App in a community-based participatory research partnership with African American churches to promote cardiovascular health and wellness in this population.

Objective
This report presents the results of a formative evaluation of the FAITH! App from participants in an intervention pilot study.

Methods
We included 2 semistructured focus groups (n=4 and n=5) to explore participants’ views on app functionality, utility, and satisfaction as well as its impact on healthy lifestyle change. Sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and qualitative data were analyzed by using general inductive analysis to generate themes.

Results
In total, 6 overarching themes emerged among the 9 participants: overall impression, content usefulness, formatting, implementation, impact, and suggestions for improvement. Underpinning the themes was a high level of agreement that the intervention facilitated healthy behavioral change through cultural tailoring, multimedia education modules, and social networking. Suggestions for improvement were streamlining the app self-monitoring features, prompts to encourage app use, and personalization based on individuals’ cardiovascular risk.

Conclusions
This formative evaluation found that the FAITH! App had high reported satisfaction and impact on the health-promoting behaviors of African Americans, thereby improving their overall cardiovascular health. Further development and testing of the app among African Americans is warranted.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03084822; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03084822.
Training Detection of Preeclampsia Risk Factors for Physicians in Primary Care with Experience-Based Learning Methods: A Quasi Experimental Study
Authors: Prayoga Brantas , Prawitasari Shinta , Claramita Mora 
Published: September 2020

Background: Training for primary care physicians in the management of pregnant women often combines detection of the risk of bleeding, risk of infection and the risk of preeclampsia. Meanwhile, preeclampsia contributes to the world's largest maternal mortality rate, including in Indonesia. Primary care physicians’ knowledge about the risk factors and the early detection of preeclampsia is still very limited. It is therefore necessary to detect preeclampsia risk factors as early as possible and perform proper, fast and effective therapeutic diagnosis to prevent the onset of preeclampsia and to make efforts to safeguard maternal health and the survival and wellness of her baby. Experiential learning was selected in this training as it allows for sustainable learning.Methods: Quasi experimental study was conducted with 30 physicians of Community and Primary Health Care Center (Puskesmas) who were randomly divided into 2 groups, i.e. treatment group and control group each with 15 people. The treatment group was given training by 2 cycles of experiential learning, then both groups rated knowledge with vignette questionnaires from international sources that have been validated by experts in obstetrics, with 1-week interval time between the post-test and pre-test.Results: There was an increase of knowledge in primary care physicians after receiving training for both the treatment group (p = 0.034) or the control group (p = 0.000). The increase of knowledge in the treatment group after training was higher than the control group with the mean difference of 5.733. This result shows that the use of experiential learning methods proved effective.Conclusion: The detection training of risk factors for preeclampsia increases the physician's knowledge in managing preeclampsia in primary care.
La revista Veterinaria México como medio de difusión de la investigación en ciencias veterinarias y zootécnicas
Authors: D'Alessandro Enrique , Cárdenas Paula , Russell Jane M. , Galina Carlos Salvador 
Published: September 2020

Artículo originalmente publicado en:D´Alessandro E, Cárdenas P, Russell JM, Galina CS. La revista Veterinaria México como medio de difusión de la investigación en ciencias veterinarias y zootécnicas. Veterinaria México. 2000;31(3):261–6.- - -La Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia (FMVZ) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), ha publicado desde 1970, ininterrumpidamente la revista científica Veterinaria México. En el presente estudio se analizaron 518 artículos en 40 números publicados desde 1989 hasta 1998, los trabajos más frecuentes fueron artículos científicos (60%). Con respecto al área de trabajo, patología fue la más frecuente, seguida por reproducción, parasitología y farmacología, que representan globalmente el 47% del total. Entre las especies más estudiadas, bovinos representó casi 25% de los trabajos, seguido de aves, cerdos y perros con aproximadamente 10% cada una. El grupo de autores en donde sólo participa la FMVZ representa 33% (250) del total, esto último indica la importancia de esta revista como medio para la publicación de trabajos procedentes de otras instituciones, tanto nacionales como extranjeras. Asimismo, el grupo de otras instituciones nacionales que participan en coautoría con la FMVZ tuvieron 26% (199) de participación de estos últimos, 180 fueron nacionales mientras que las extranjeras tuvieron 19. Por último, las contribuciones de instituciones sin la participación de autores de la FMVZ fue del 38% (295), de los cuales 228 correspondió a instituciones nacionales y 67 extranjeras.
Una hipótesis sobre la presentación de tres defectos hereditarios en el cerdo
Authors: Berruecos J. M. 
Published: September 2020

Artículo originalmente publicado en:Berruecos JM. Una hipótesis sobre la presentación de tres defectos hereditarios en el cerdo. Veterinaria México. 1980;11(4):121–6.- - -
Se analizaron los datos de 23,449 lechones (2,399 camadas) en una granja comercial del noreste del país. Todas las camadas son producto de hembras híbridas con sementales de registro de las razas Duroc, Yorkshire, Hampshire y Chester White. Al obtener la frecuencia de presentación de criptorquidia, hernia umbilical y pseudo hermafroditas, el porcentaje esperado de hipótesis de independencia, es muy inferior a los valores observados. Se plantea la hipótesis de un gene que afecte la línea media del embrión de cerdo con diferentes manifestaciones. Esto deberá ser considerado al seleccionar pie de cría, para evitar la presentación de éstos y, posiblemente otros defectos.