bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children compared with adults in Shandong, China
Authors: Du Wenjun , Yu Jinhong , Wang Hui , Zhang Xiaoguo , Zhang Shouwei , Li Qiang , Zhang Zhongfa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aims & Background: The COVID-19 outbreak spread in China and is a threat to the world. We reported on the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of children cases to help health workers better understand and provide timely diagnosis and treatment.Methods: Retrospectively, two research centers’ case series of 67 consecutive hospitalized cases including 14 children cases with COVID-19 between 23 Jan 2020 to 15 Feb 2020 from Jinan and Rizhao were enrolled in this study. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of children and adults were analyzed and compared.Results: Most cases in children were mild(21.4%) and conventional cases(78.6%), with mild clinical signs and symptoms, and all cases were of family clusters. Fever (35.7%) and dry cough(21.4%) were described as clinical manifestations in children cases. Dry cough and phlegm were not the most common symptoms in children compared with adults(p=0.03). In the early stages of the disease, lymphocyte counts did not significantly decline but neutrophils counts did in children compared with adults(p=0.00).There was an elevated level of LDH(p=0.01) and a lower level of CRP(p=0.00)and IL-6(p=0.01) in children compared with adults. There were 8 (57.1%)asymptomatic cases and 6 (42.9%)symptomatic cases among the 14 children cases. The age of asymptomatic patients was younger than that of symptomatic patients(p=0.03). Even among asymptomatic patients, 5(62.5%)cases had pneumonia including 3 (60%) cases with bilateral pneumonia, which was not different compared with that of asymptomatic cases(p=0.58, p=0.74).Conclusions: The clinical symptoms of children are mild, and the positive indicators of laboratory tests are rare, which may easily cause clinical misdiagnoses.
Experimental study and flow analysis on a new design of water-retaining sluice gate
Authors: Tu Wenrong , Fang Shibiao , Sun Zhilin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
As a water-retaining structure, the hydro-automatic flap gate (HFG) has advantages, such as easy operation, simple structure, attractive appearance, cheaper investment, and simple installation and maintenance compared to traditional gates. As such, the flow pattern analysis and flow rate analysis on this hydraulic structure have important engineering significance. In this paper, an experimental study was carried out for testing the water flow during the opening process of a bottom shaft driving flap gate. Three different opening velocities (once in 20 years, once in 50 years, once in 100 years) were selected for obtaining detailed characteristics. Then the space-time change laws of velocity and other hydraulic parameters of gate, gate pier and stilling pool were described. Moreover, the results of the flow regimes under conditions of once in 20 years, once in 50 years, once in 100 years were compared with each other. The findings and conclusions of this paper provide the basis for the project implementation in a sediment-laden river, and provide reference for other similar projects.
Rapid cultivation and stability of autotrophic nitrifying granular sludge
Authors: Zhang Linan , Long Bei , Cheng Yuanyuan , Wu Junfeng , Zhang Binchao , Zeng Yu , Huang Sinong , Zeng Mingjing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Autotrophic nitrifying granular sludge (ANGS) was cultivated by gradually decreasing the influent organics and adding exogenous nitrifying bacteria. Under the strategy, ANGS was domesticated within 36 days. Stability of the seed heterotrophic granules decreased significantly during conversion of organic wastewater to inorganic ammonia wastewater. Obvious granular breakage was observed during these days. However, the granular debris still had good settlement performance. With microbes gradually acclimated to the new environment, the debris provided a large number of carriers for the attached growth of the exogenous nitrifying bacteria, and they replaced the heterotrophic bacteria and became the dominant species. The domesticated ANGS showed good nitrification performance during the 37th to the 183rd day (ammonia nitrogen load between 0.28 and 0.29 kg/m3 · d). The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was usually more than 95%, and nitrite accumulation rate was always larger than 50%. However, nitrification ability was gradually lost with the increase of the ammonia nitrogen load (0.3–0.64 kg/m3 · d) from the 184th day, and it almost approached the influent ammonia nitrogen at the 269th day. Interestingly, good structure stability of the ANGS was maintained during long-term operation, and the ANGS became smoother and denser at the end of the experiment.
Proposals for university promoting in QS rating based on the methods of statistical analysis
Authors: Mikryukov A. A. , Gasparian M. S. , Karpov D. S. 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to develop scientifically based proposals to increase the university performance indicators in the international institutional rating QS to the required values, taking into account the presence of a combination of latent (hidden) factors, the degree of achievement of the set values of the basic indicators and, as a result, the university ranking level.Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, methods of statistical analysis (correlation-regression and factor analysis) were used, which made it possible to identify the degree of influence of latent factors on basic indicators and the main indicator (rating functional). During the study, the following tasks were solved: identification of latent factors affecting the basic indicators of the university, an assessment of their significance and degree of influence on the basic indicators, as well as their grouping. Based on the results of the correlation - regression and factor analysis, measures are formulated to achieve the specified values of the QS University institutional rating indicators.Results. An approach to solving the problem of providing conditions for achieving the required values of university performance indicators in the international institutional ranking QS using models developed based on the methods of correlation-regression and factor analysis is proposed. Estimates of the relationship of indicators and university ranking based on the methods of correlation and regression analysis are obtained. A comparative analysis of the results obtained at the universities of the reference group is made. The problem of identifying factors that influence the change in the values of indicators is solved; the degree of this influence is assessed. Based on the results obtained, reasonable proposals have been developed to achieve the required values of the basic indicators and the rating functional of the university.Conclusion. The results obtained in the course of the study made it possible to justify the measures necessary to solve the problem of achieving the specified performance indicators of the university. Based on the correlation model, correlation dependencies between the rating functional and basic indicators are obtained. Interpretation of the results of factor analysis allowed us to identify a set of factors that have a significant impact on the basic indicators. It is shown that measures to achieve the specified indicators must be carried out taking into account the revealed correlation dependencies between factors and basic indicators, as well as the interpretation results of the developed factor model.
Acid-activated Sodium Bentonite and Kaolin Clay: Comparative Study by Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Kumar Awinash , Lingfa Pradip 
Published: March 2020

Aim and Objective:
This paper aims to reveal the useful industrial aspects of kandite
and montmorillonite group of clays using as a catalyst after acid activation. A comparative study of
modified characteristics of clay samples has been explored based on industrial requirements.

Materials and Methods:
In this study sodium bentonite and kaolin clay have been focused. The
modified characteristics of clay samples are investigated by characterization methods of FT-IR,
XRD, SEM/EDAX, TGA and DSC before and after treated with 4M of Hydrochloric acid. Clay
samples were refluxed at 105ºC and calcined at 500ºC consecutively for 3 hours at room
temperature.

Results:
Maximum crystalline size 104.02 nm has been evaluated for acid-activated sodium
bentonite. Alkyl halides compounds have a strong band position for all samples and have more
extent on acid activation. The small numbers of manganese particles have been noticed in the acidactivated
samples. 14% of decrement and 61.02% of increment of aluminates have been found
respectively for acid-activated kaolin and acid-activated sodium bentonite.

Conclusion:
The novelty of this study is about sodium bentonite characterization and the results
show the prominent behaviour with structural, elemental, morphological, and thermal analysis.
Acid-activated kaolin sample has less effect in comparison with acid-activated sodium bentonite.
As the removal of the hydroxyl group of compounds has been reported through FT-IR and XRD
analysis also some other industries like ceramic and paper industries may have accepted these
types of modified minerals for special production with a simple process.
Structural And Computational Perspectives of Selectively Targeting Mutant Proteins
Authors: Coban Mathew A. , Fraga Sarah , Caulfield Thomas R. 
Published: March 2020

:Diseases are often caused by mutant proteins. Many drugs have limited effectiveness and/or toxic side effects because of a failure to selectively target the disease-causing mutant variant, rather than the functional wild type protein. Otherwise, the drugs may even target different proteins with similar structural features. Designing drugs that successfully target mutant proteins selectively represents a major challenge. Decades of cancer research have led to an abundance of potential therapeutic targets, often touted to be “master regulators”. For many of these proteins, there are no FDA-approved drugs available; for others, off-target effects result in dose-limiting toxicity. Cancer-related proteins are an excellent medium to carry the story of mutant-specific targeting, as the disease is both initiated and sustained by mutant proteins; furthermore, current chemotherapies generally fail at adequate selective distinction. This review discusses some of the challenges associated with selective targeting from a structural biology perspective, as well as some of the developments in algorithm approach and computational workflow that can be applied to address those issues. One of the most widely researched proteins in cancer biology is p53, a tumor suppressor. Here, p53 is discussed as a specific example of a challenging target, with contemporary drugs and methodologies used as examples of burgeoning successes. The oncogene KRAS, which has been described as “undruggable”, is another extensively investigated protein in cancer biology. This review also examines KRAS to exemplify progress made towards selective targeting of diseasecausing mutant proteins. Finally, possible future directions relevant to the topic are discussed.
Brain MR Image Classification for Glioma Tumor detection using Deep Convolutional Neural Network Features
Authors: Latif Ghazanfar , Iskandar D.N.F. Awang , Alghazo Jaafar , Butt M. Mohsin 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Detection of brain tumor is a complicated task, which requires specialized
skills and interpretation techniques. Accurate brain tumor classification and segmentation from MR
images provide an essential choice for medical treatments. Different objects within an MR image
have similar size, shape, and density, which makes the tumor classification and segmentation even
more complex.

Objectives:
Classification of the brain MR images into tumorous and non-tumorous using deep features
and different classifiers to get higher accuracy.

Methods:
In this study, a novel four-step process is proposed; pre-processing for image enhancement
and compression, feature extraction using convolutional neural networks (CNN), classification
using the multilayer perceptron and finally, tumor segmentation using enhanced fuzzy cmeans
method.

Results:
The system is tested on 65 cases in four modalities consisting of 40,300 MR Images obtained
from the BRATS-2015 dataset. These include images of 26 Low-Grade Glioma (LGG) tumor
cases and 39 High-Grade Glioma (HGG) tumor cases. The proposed CNN feature-based classification
technique outperforms the existing methods by achieving an average accuracy of 98.77%
and a noticeable improvement in the segmentation results are measured.

Conclusion:
The proposed method for brain MR image classification to detect Glioma Tumor detection
can be adopted as it gives better results with high accuracies.
Inappropriate Medication Use and Cost Comparison Analysis of Proton Pump Inhibitors: Evidence from an Indian Tertiary Care Facility
Authors: Venkataraman Rajesh , Rashid Muhammed , Shrestha Heamant 
Published: March 2020

Rationale and Objective:
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is one of the most widely prescribed
medicines and commonly used in gastric related disorders and there is a huge need to analyze
the irrational use of PPI in a country like India. The present study was designed to describe the
rational drug use and cost comparison analysis of PPI in a rural tertiary care hospital.

Methodology:
A prospective observational study was performed among 253 inpatients for a period
of 9 months after getting ethical approval. Those who received the PPIs for any of its indications
were included in the study without any gender or age restriction. US FDA guidelines were used to
analyse the appropriateness of the drug use and cost comparison analysis of the branded versus generic
PPIs was also performed.

Findings:
Among the 253 inpatients, the majority (62%) were male and the mean age was 46±19
years. Mean hospital stay and the number of drugs in prescription were found to be 4.0 ± 1days 4.39
±1.16 items, respectively. Pantoprazole (76%) was the most prescribed PPI even though the majority
(57%) of the patients treated outside the FDA approved indication. Drug interaction has been reported
in 14% and ADR in 9% of the population. The average cost of hospital stay estimated as
207.96+149.57 INR, and potential cost saving of INR 41582 was observed with generic replacement.

Conclusion:
The study inferred irrational drug use of PPI still prevalent, that too without considering the
economic impact of it on general populations. Healthcare practitioners should be aware and cautious
while prescribing the PPI to identify the actual need and to choose the most cost-effective alternative 1.
Synthesis of 2-substituted Furo[3,2-b]pyridines Under Pd/C-Cu Catalysis Assisted by Ultrasound: Their Evaluation as Potential Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Laxmi Dandamudi Sri , Vardhini Suryadevara V. , Guttikonda Venkata R. , Rao Mandava V.B. , Pal Manojit 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Compounds containing furo[3,2-b]pyridine framework have shown interesting pharmacological
properties, including anticancer activities. Though these compounds are generally synthesized via the
heteroannulation processes involving acetylenic derivatives, some of them are complex.

Objective:
The study aimed to explore a series of 2-substituted furo[3,2-b]pyridines for their cytotoxic properties
against cancer cell lines in vitro.

Methods:
We developed a convenient synthesis of 2-substituted furo[3,2-b]pyridines via sequential (i) C-C
coupling followed by (ii) C-O bond-forming reactions in a single pot. The reactions were performed under ultrasound
irradiation in the presence of Pd/C as an inexpensive, stable and widely used catalyst. A range of 2-
substituted furo[3,2-b]pyridines were synthesized via coupling of 3-chloro-2-hydroxy pyridine with terminal
alkynes in the presence of 10% Pd/C-CuI-PPh3-Et3N in EtOH. The in vitro evaluation of all these compounds
was carried out against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines and subsequently against SIRT1.

Results:
The furo[3,2-b]pyridine derivative 3b showed encouraging growth inhibition of both MDAMB-231
and MCF-7 cell lines and inhibition of SIRT1. The compound 3b also showed apoptosis-inducing potential
when tested against MCF-7 cells.

Conclusion:
The Pd/C-Cu catalysis under ultrasound accomplished a one-pot and direct access to 2-substituted
furo[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives, some of which showed anticancer properties.
Regenerative Therapy for Liver Cirrhosis Based on Intrahepatic Arterial Infusion of Autologous Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue-Derived Regenerative (Stem) Cells: Protocol for a Confirmatory Multicenter Uncontrolled Clinical Trial
Authors: Sakai Yoshio , Fukunishi Shinya , Takamura Masayuki , Inoue Oto , Takashima Shinichiro , Usui Soichiro , Seki Akihiro , Nasti Alessandro , Ho Tuyen Thuy Bich , Kawaguchi Kazunori , Asai Akira , Tsuchimoto Yusuke , Yamashita Taro , Yamashita Tatsuya , Mizukoshi Eishiro , Honda Masao , Imai Yasuhito , Yoshimura Kenichi , Murayama Toshinori , Wada Takashi , Harada Kenichi , Higuchi Kazuhide , Kaneko Shuichi 
Published: March 2020

Background
Liver cirrhosis results from chronic hepatitis, and is characterized by advanced fibrosis due to long-term hepatic inflammation. Cirrhosis ultimately leads to manifestations of jaundice, ascites, and encephalopathy, and increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Once cirrhosis is established, resulting in hepatic failure, no effective treatment is available. Therefore, novel therapies to inhibit disease progression of cirrhosis are needed.

Objective
The objective of this investigator-initiated clinical trial is to assess the safety and efficacy of autologous adipose tissue-derived regenerative (stem) cell therapy delivered to the liver via the hepatic artery in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Methods
Through consultation with the Japan Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, we designed a clinical trial to assess a therapy for liver cirrhosis based on autologous adipose tissue-derived regenerative (stem) cells, which are extracted using an adipose tissue dissociation device. The primary endpoints of the trial are the serum albumin concentration, prothrombin activity, harmful events, and device malfunction.

Results
Enrollment and registration were initiated in November 2017, and the follow-up period ended in November 2019. Data analysis and the clinical study report will be completed by the end of March 2020.

Conclusions
Completion of this clinical trial, including data analysis, will provide data on the safety and efficacy of this novel liver repair therapy based on autologous adipose tissue-derived regenerative (stem) cells using an adipose tissue dissociation device.

Trial Registration
UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000022601; https://tinyurl.com/w9uqw3q

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/17904
Influencia del tipo de riego con agua ozonificada en el control del nivel de daño de la sigatoka negra en banano
Authors: Llerena Hidalgo Ángel , Castaño Oliva Rafael 
Published: March 2020

Se considera a Ecuador el principal productor y exportador de banano en el mundo,lo cual constituye un ingreso importante de divisas al país y una fuente de mano de obra para la población rural directamente e indirectamente para la industria nacional en la producción de los derivados para el empaque de la fruta. Estudios recienteshan demostrado el control efectivo de la enfermedad Sigatoka negra causada por el hongo Mycosphaerella fijiensis con la aplicación de agua ozonizada, a través de un sistema de fumigación con un atomizador a motor. La metodología es aplicable en áreas pequeñas, sin embargo en bananera de grandes extensiones no es aconsejable por el gran gasto de energía. Ante esta situación se propone como alternativa el diseño de un sistema de riego suprafoliar donde la aplicación con agua ozonificada sea distribuida a través del sistema de riego. El objetivo general fue determinar los índices de infección de la enfermedad producida por el hongo Mycosphaerellafijiensis de acuerdo a los diferentes sistemas de riego utilizados, realizando una investigación de campo para diseñar el sistema de riego con diferentes tipos de aspersores. El experimento se realizó en la Hda. Comargara ubicada en Km 42 de la vía Yaguachi –Jujan, provincia de Guayas, Ecuador. Al evaluar los sistemas de riego con diferentes tipos de aspersores, se determinó que el tratamiento 4 con el tipo de aspersor Xcel Wobbler fue el que presentó los mejores resultados en la evaluación de control de la Sigatoka negra tanto a nivel de campo como a nivel de laboratorio.
Analisis Isi Buku Matematika Kurikulum 2013 SMP Kelas VIII Semester 1 Berdasarkan Taksonomi Timss
Authors: Mawarni Yuyun Evi 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this research was to determine the composition of the material and practice questions in the mathematics curriculum guide 2013 junior class VIII Semester 1 in terms of content and cognitive domain taxonomy based on TIMSS. This study was a content analysis study (content analysis). The results showed that the analysis of the presentation of the material in terms of the proportion of each content domain, domain algebra occupied the highest proportion with a percentage of 50%, the domain geometry with 33.33% while the percentage of domain data and opportunities with a percentage of 16.67% and there are no material including in the domain of numbers. Judging from the cognitive dimensions, applying knowing domain is (68.42%) and knowing is (21.05%) while the reasoning domain has the 10.53% (the lowest). For analytical presentation of questions in terms of the proportion of each dimension of the content, the material has a percentage of 60.64% algebra, geometry material has persetase 32.13% while the material data and the opportunity have a percentage of 7.23%. From the cognitive dimension to training issues were gained 36 reached the level of cognitive domain knowing 16.98%, 114 reached the level of cognitive domain applying with 53.77% and 62 about already reached a level of cognitive reasoning domain with 29.25%
Alternativas desde la investigación en educación ambiental frente a la crisis planetaria
Authors: Castro Rosales Elba A. 
Published: March 2020

ReseñaCastro Rosales, Reyes Ruiz y Padilla Muñoz (Coords.) (2019). Resiliencia contra el desaliento. Investigación en educación ambiental. Guadalajara: Universidad de Guadalajara/SEMARNAT. 169 pp. ISBN: 978 607 547 592 9.
Implementation Of Tri Hita Karana Teaching To Form Students Characters Quality
Authors: Mandra I Wayan , Dhammananda Dhammananda 
Published: March 2020

<p><em>Tri Hita Karana di lingkungan sekolah dasar merupakan upaya dalam pembelajaran agama Hindu dalam mengembangkan ke tiga aspek yaitu kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor. Melalui Pendidikan Agama siswa Agama Hindu dibimbing agar selalu membina hubungan yang harmonis dengan Tuhan, sesama dan dengan lingkungan. Ajaran Tri Hita Karana akan terwujud melalui keseimbangan dalam pelaksanaannya dalam menjaga hubungan yang harmonis antara manusia dengan Tuhan, manusia dengan sesamanya, dan manusia dengan alam lingkungannya. Dari pengamatan awal terdapat beberapa jenis pelanggaran atau penyimpangan perilaku siswa yang cenderung negatif antara lain perilaku siswa yang kurang hormat kepada guru, melawan atau menentang nasehat guru, siswa yang selalu bercanda saat melaksanakan tri sandya, ada beberapa siswa yang kurang aktif dalam kegiatan kerja bakti dengan lebih banyak mengobrol atau menjauh saat teman temannya bergotong royong untuk membersihkan lingkungan sekolah, dan ada beberapa siswa yang terlihat lebih suka membuang sampah sembarangan di ruang kelas atau di halaman sekolah. </em></p>