bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of thermo‐viscoelastic material behavior of glass over a wide temperature range in glass compression molding
Authors: Vu Anh Tuan , Vu Anh Ngoc , Grunwald Tim , Bergs Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn glass compression molding, most current modeling approaches of temperature‐dependent viscoelastic behavior of glass materials are restricted to thermo‐rheologically simple assumption. This research conducts a detailed study and demonstrates that this assumption, however, is not adequate for glass molding simulations over a wide range of molding temperatures. In this paper, we introduce a new method that eliminates the prerequisite of relaxation functions and shift factors for modeling of the thermo‐viscoelastic material behavior. More specifically, the temperature effect is directly incorporated into each parameter of the mechanical model. The mechanical model parameters are derived from creep displacements using uniaxial compression experiments. Validations of the proposed method are conducted for three different glass categories, including borosilicate, aluminosilicate, and chalcogenide glasses. Excellent agreement between the creep experiments and simulation results is found in all glasses over long pressing time up to 900 seconds and a large temperature range that corresponds to the glass viscosity of log (η) = 9.5 – 6.8 Pas. The method eventually promises an enhancement of the glass molding simulation.
Direct and indirect effects of island size and wave exposure on shoreline arthropod diversity
Authors: Strandmark Alma , Aggemyr Elsa , Cousins Sara A. O. , Hambäck Peter A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimAvailable theories suggest that the species number increases with island size, but the relationship between island size and species density, the number of species per unit area, is less understood. Moreover, mechanisms connecting island size and species density are not always evident because small and large islands differ in physical characteristics other than island size. The purpose here was to disentangle direct and indirect effects of island size and wave exposure on the species density of arthropods from herb‐dominated shore habitats.LocationIslands in the Stockholm Archipelago, Sweden.TaxonSpiders (Araneae) and beetles (Coleoptera).MethodsWe collected spiders and beetles on vegetated shores on islands of varying sizes, and used structural equation models to disentangle direct and indirect island size and wave exposure effects on species density.ResultsIsland size affected diversity of web‐building spiders, predatory beetles and other beetles (detritivores and omnivores), direct and indirectly. Indirect effects arose because large islands have more trees and steeper slopes than small islands, both of which affected species occurrence. Because height above the sea level reduces the effect of wave exposure, there were effects of these variables on the forest cover and on the diversity of web‐building spiders. Finally, surrounding forest cover and diversity of flowering plants within sites increased diversity of herbivore beetles and cursorial spiders, likely because these sites provide more diverse resources.Main conclusionsThe result that predictors for species density vary between functional groups, with mechanisms that may or may not relate to island size, suggest potential developments in island biogeography theories. Future studies of island size effects should also attempt to quantify indirect effects, and not only total effects.
The influence of the ambient temperature on blood pressure and how it will affect the epidemiology of hypertension in Asia
Authors: Park Sungha , Kario Kazuomi , Chia Yook‐Chin , Turana Yuda , Chen Chen‐Huan , Buranakitjaroen Peera , Nailes Jennifer , Hoshide Satoshi , Siddique Saulat , Sison Jorge , Soenarta Arieska Ann , Sogunuru Guru Prasad , Tay Jam Chin , Teo Boon Wee , Zhang Yu‐Qing , Shin Jinho , Van Minh Huynh , Tomitani Naoko , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Sukonthasarn Apichard , Verma Narsingh , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Wang Ji‐Guang ,   the HOPE Asia Network
Published: December 2019

AbstractEpidemiologic studies have consistently demonstrated an increased risk of cardiovascular disease during colder temperatures. Hemodynamic changes associated with cold temperature and an increase in thrombogenicity may both account for the increase in cardiovascular risk and mortality. Studies using both in‐office and out‐of‐office BP measurements have consistently shown an elevation in BP during the colder seasons. The large difference in BP between cold and warm months may increase the incidence of hypertension and reduce the hypertension control rate, potentially resulting in increased cardiovascular risk, especially among those at risk of cardiovascular disease. The current trends in global warming and climate change may have a profound impact on the epidemiology of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, as changes in the climate may significantly affect both BP variability and cardiovascular disease, especially in those with high cardiovascular risk and the elderly. Furthermore, climate change could have a significant influence on hypertension in Asia, considering the unique characteristics of hypertensive patients in Asia. As an increase in ambient temperature decreases the mean daytime average and morning surge in BP, but increases the nocturnal BP, it is difficult to predict how environmental changes will affect the epidemiology and prognosis of hypertension in the Asian‐Pacific region. However, these seasonal variations in BP could be minimized by adjusting the housing conditions and using anticipation medicine. In this review, we discuss the impact of seasonal variation in the ambient temperature on hypertension and cardiovascular disease and discuss how this may impact the epidemiology of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
The Local Aggregate Effects of Minimum Wage Increases
Authors: COOPER DANIEL , LUENGO‐PRADO MARÍA JOSÉ , PARKER JONATHAN A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing variation in minimum wages across cities and controlling for differences in business‐cycle factors and long‐run local economic trends, we find that following minimum wage increases, both, prices and nominal spending rise modestly. These gains are larger for certain subcategories of goods such as food away from home and in locations where low‐wage workers account for a larger share of employment. Further, minimum wage increases are associated with reduced total debt among households with low credit scores, higher auto debt, and increased access to credit.
Reassessing Parents' Leisure Quality With Direct Measures of Well‐Being: Do Children Detract From Parents' Down Time?
Authors: Flood Sarah , Meier Ann , Musick Kelly 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective if this study was to directly assess the contamination and fragmentation of parents' leisure quality with direct measures of experienced well‐being.BackgroundParents report less leisure than those without children, and the nature of their leisure differs in ways that are assumed to reflect lower quality—contaminated by the presence of children or fragmented by care work or other demands. Previous research on this question has not been able to assess leisure quality directly.MethodUsing the 2010, 2012, and 2013 American Time Use Survey's Well‐Being Module (N = 5,433 parents; N = 7,066 activities) and random intercept models to account for multilevel data, the authors investigated mothers' and fathers' reports of well‐being across multiple dimensions in leisure activities and directly assessed their experiences in leisure activities (a) with children present or (b) interrupted by care work or other demands.ResultsContrary to expectations from prior work, there was no evidence that leisure was of lower quality with children, and leisure interruptions had little bearing on parents' well‐being. Well‐being was especially high in “family time” with both children and other adults.ConclusionLeisure time with children, considered of lower quality in prior accounts, was not experienced more negatively by parents. These findings suggest a reconsideration of how we think about and measure the quality of leisure time.
Changes in Optical Characteristics and Surface Topography of CAD/CAM Materials after Bleaching Applications: An AFM Evaluation
Authors: Karakaya Izgen , Cengiz‐Yanardag Esra 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of in‐office and at‐home bleaching agents on color changes (ΔE00), translucency (TP00), whiteness (WID), surface roughness (Ra), and surface topography (Rsk and Rku) of a resin nano‐ceramic and a polymer‐infiltrated ceramic network CAD/CAM material.Materials and MethodsSixty specimens (6 mm × 7 mm × 1.3 mm) were prepared from Lava Ultimate (LU) and Vita Enamic (VE). The specimens were divided into 6 groups according to the bleaching agents applied (n = 10/group): control, Perfect Bleach Office + (PBO), Opalescence Boost (OB), Perfect Bleach (PB) with 10% and 16% carbamide peroxide and Whiteness Perfect (WP). ΔE00 values were calculated before and after bleaching procedures with a spectrophotometer using the CIEDE2000 formula. ΔTP00 and ΔWID values were calculated for each material. Ra, Rsk, and Rku values of the specimens were evaluated with an Atomic Force Microscope. Two‐way ANOVA was used for statistical analyses of the parameters measured after bleaching. For pairwise comparisons, Tukey test was performed.ResultsFor LU, no statistically significant difference among the ΔE00 values of the groups was observed (p = 1.000). For VE, only WP group presented significantly higher values (2.12 ± 2.66) than the other groups (p < 0.001). For both materials; ΔTP00 values of at‐home bleaching groups were significantly higher than in‐office bleaching groups and control group (p < 0.001). For VE, ΔWID values did not demonstrate statistically significant difference (p = 1.000); however, for LU, PBO applied group showed statistically higher ΔWID values (3.00 ± 2.38) (p = 0.010) and WP applied group showed lower ΔWID values (0.47 ± 0.31) than the other groups (p = 0.030). For both LU and VE, there was no statistically significant difference among the groups regarding Ra (F = 4.544), Rsk (F = 2.369), and Rku values (F = 2.391) (p = 1.000). All of the VE groups presented Ra values higher than 0.2 µm.ConclusionsThe optical properties of LU and VE after bleaching applications were affected by the contact time with bleaching agents rather than concentration. Bleaching procedure had no effect on the surface properties of these materials.
Application of a modified electrocardiogram‐guided technique for umbilical venous catheterisation in neonates: A retrospective trial
Authors: Wu Liyuan , Peng Min , Cao Tian , Yang Yonghui , Wang Qin , Luo Kaiju , Chen Pingyang 
Published: December 2019

AimTo investigate the effectiveness and safety of modified electrocardiogram (ECG)‐guided technique in umbilical venous catheterisation in neonates.MethodsSixty‐six critically ill neonates underwent umbilical venous catheterisation with (ECG group) or without (control group) ECG guidance from January 2017 to March 2019. We retrospectively analysed and compared the rate of correct tip placement on first try, unplanned extubation rate and incidence of catheter‐related complications between the two groups.ResultsThere were 33 patients in each group. The ECG group showed significantly higher rate of correct tip placement on first try (P < 0.001), lower unplanned extubation rate (P < 0.001), but identical incidence of catheter‐related complications (P = 0.492) comparing with the control group.ConclusionThe ECG‐guided technique is an effective and safe method for umbilical venous catheterisation. The connecting method we modified made this technique more practical and can be promoted to areas without access to specific ECG adaptors.
Evaluation of apoptosis and hypoxia‐related factors in gingival tissues of smoker and non‐smoker periodontitis patients
Authors: Karatas Ozkan , Balci Yuce Hatice , Tulu Feyza , Taskan Mehmet Murat , Gevrek Fikret , Toker Hulya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveSmoking causes pathological changes in all tissues, including gingiva and alveolar bone. The aim of present study was to evaluate apoptotic tissue alterations and tissue destruction in smoker and non‐smoker periodontitis patients and healthy individuals.MethodsGingival biopsy samples from 15 systemically and orally healthy individuals (Group 1), 15 systemically healthy periodontitis patients (Group 2), 15 systemically and orally healthy smokers (Group 3), and 15 systemically healthy smoker periodontitis patients (Group 4) were enrolled in the present study. Clinical periodontal measurements as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were recorded, and gingival biopsies were obtained. Biopsy samples were fixed in formalin solution and embedded in paraffin. Fibroblast and inflammatory cell counts were determined via histomorphometrically. Hypoxia‐inducible factor alpha (HIF‐1α), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase‐1(TIMP‐1), matrix metalloproteinases‐8(MMP‐8) expressions, Bax, Bcl‐2, and caspase‐3 expressions were evaluated via immunohistochemistry.ResultsDemographic data of the study groups were similar. Smoking levels of the smokers were also similar. The highest fibroblast cell counts were observed in healthy controls and the counts were similar in other groups. The highest inflammatory cell counts were found in smoker periodontitis group, and the lowest counts were found in healthy control groups. The differences were statistically significant. HIF‐1α and Bax expressions were elevated and Bcl‐2 decreased in smoker periodontitis patients compared with healthy individuals. However, there were no differences in VEGF, MMP‐8, and TIMP‐1 expressions.ConclusionWithin limits of present study, it can be suggested that both smoking and periodontitis caused similar decrease in fibroblast counts while causing a dramatic increase in inflammatory cell counts. Increased apoptosis and hypoxia also accompanied to the increased inflammation.
Therapeutic potential of proteasome inhibitors for dihydropyridine‐induced gingival overgrowth
Authors: Lu Sao‐Lun , Chang Jui‐Hung , Huang Chiung‐Fang , Chen Li‐Sheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesNF‐κB plays a crucial role in collagen overproduction in dihydropyridine‐induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) fibroblasts. We aim to investigate the role of the kappa B (IκB) kinase (IKK)–NF‐κB pathway and downstream collagen type I (Col I) synthesis in DIGO cells and to demonstrate the therapeutic strategy of interference of this pathway with proteasome inhibitors.MethodsGingival fibroblasts from DIGO (n = 5) and healthy (n = 5) patients were selected and stimulated with IL‐1β, nifedipine, or both. All experiments were run in triplicate and independently for each primary cell sample.ResultsThe results demonstrated that both drugs additively mediated NF‐κB activity by activating IKKα/β phosphorylation. They also triggered nuclear translocation of NF‐κB, Rela, and p50 (*p < .05) and increased Col I production in both healthy and DIGO cells. The addition of proteasome inhibitors, including bortezomib and MG132, promoted the accumulation of phosphorylated p‐IκBα, prevented the subsequent cytosol‐to‐nuclear translocation of p50 and Rela (*p < .05), and abbreviated the biosynthesis of Col I in DIGO cells.ConclusionsWe suggested that IKK–IκBα activation is mediated by proinflammatory cytokines and CCBs in DIGO cells and triggers downstream NF‐κB–Col I synthesis. Proteasome inhibitors may strategically interfere with the IKK–IκBα–NF‐κB–Col I pathway and inhibit the etiopathogenesis of DIGO.
Topical Injection of Tranexamic Acid via a Drain Plus Drain‐Clamping to Reduce Blood Loss in Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis Surgery
Authors: Liang Jin‐qian , Rong Tian‐hua , Liu Hong‐zhe , Tan Ming‐sheng , Zhao Hong , Liu Xiang‐yang , Chang Lei 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether an innovative way of administering tranexamic acid (TXA), that is, injecting it retrogradely through the drain and clamping it for 1 h, can reduce postoperative bleeding after degenerative lumbar scoliosis surgery.MethodsSixty degenerative lumbar scoliosis patients who underwent posterior lumbar decompression with fusion of three or more levels were retrospectively enrolled and categorized into three groups (TXA, Gelfoam, and control groups). The demographic distribution, operative parameters, length and amount of Hemovac drainage, blood transfusion rate, length of stay, laboratory results (complete blood count and coagulogram), and the postoperative complications were collected and analyzed.ResultsThe age of patients in the Gelfoam group was significantly younger than in the TXA and control groups (59.75 ± 6.95 vs 66.10 ± 8.80, P = 0.016 and 59.75 ± 6.95 vs 67.90 ± 5.33, P = 0.000, respectively). There were no significant differences in sex, body mass index, comorbid medical status, and operation level between each of the two groups. The three groups did not differ significantly in estimated blood loss during surgery, the mean red blood cell transfusion requirement during hospitalization, and the entire perioperative allogenic blood transfusion rate. The postoperative total blood loss and total drainage were lower in the TXA group than in the control group (1027.14 ± 466.56 vs 1390.07 ± 314.85 mL, P = 0.006; 322.20 ± 187.32 vs 605.50 ± 184.70 mL, P = 0.000, respectively). The length of drainage retention in the TXA group was significantly shorter than in the Gelfoam and control groups (46.10 ± 9.00 vs 68.00 ± 12.31 h, P = 0.000 and 46.10 ± 9.00 vs 76.40 ± 10.97 h, P = 0.000, respectively). The TXA and Gelfoam groups also had significantly shorter hospital stays than the control group (7.50 ± 0.95 vs 9.80 ± 2.44 days, P = 0.000, and 7.90 ± 1.16 vs 9.80 ± 2.44 days, P = 0.003, respectively). At discharge, the mean hemoglobin and hematocrit level were significantly higher in the TXA group compared with the control group (11.77 ± 1.78 g/dL vs 10.67 ± 0.94 g/dL, P = 0.002; 34.82 ± 3.57% vs 31.79 ± 3.85%, P = 0.014). No significant difference was identified with respect to prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and D‐dimmer among groups (P > 0.05). The three groups were comparable in wound problem incidences. Symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were not observed in this study.ConclusionTopical injection of TXA retrogradely via a drain at the end of a degenerative lumbar scoliosis operation and clamping the drain for an hour can effectively decrease the postoperative blood loss and the length of hospitalization without increasing the complication rate.
Periodontal inflammation: Integrating genes and dysbiosis
Authors: Zhang Shaoping , Yu Ning , Arce Roger M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBiofilm bacteria co‐evolve and reach a symbiosis with the host on the gingival surface. The disruption of the homeostatic relationship between plaque bacteria and the host can initiate and promote periodontal disease progression. Recent advances in sequencing technologies allow researchers to profile disease‐associated microbial communities and quantify microbial metabolic activities and host transcriptional responses. In addition to confirming the findings from previous studies, new putative pathogens and novel genes that have not previously been associated with periodontitis, emerge. For example, multiple studies have reported that Synergistetes bacteria are associated with periodontitis. Genes involved in epithelial barrier defense were downregulated in periodontitis, while excessive expression of interleukin‐17 was associated with a hyperinflammatory response in periodontitis and with a unique microbial community. Bioinformatics‐enabled gene ontology pathway analyses provide a panoramic view of the bacterial and host activities as they shift from periodontal health to disease. Additionally, host innate factors, such as genetic variants identified by either a candidate‐gene approach or genome‐wide association analyses, have an impact on subgingival bacterial colonization. Transgenic mice carrying candidate genetic variants, or with the deletion of candidate genes mimicking the deleterious loss‐of‐function variant effect, provide experimental evidence validating the biologic relevance of the novel markers associated with the microbial phenotype identified through a statistical approach. Further refinement in bioinformatics, data management approaches, or statistical tools, are required to gain insight into host‐microbe interactions by harmonizing the multidimensional “big” data at the genomic, transcriptional, and proteomic levels.
New developments in neutrophil biology and periodontitis
Authors: Hajishengallis George 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNeutrophils have been historically associated with antimicrobial functions in acute infections but are now appreciated as functionally versatile cells with critical roles in chronic inflammation. Recent advances in neutrophil biology have contributed to a better understanding of periodontal disease pathogenesis and, reciprocally, the study of periodontitis has led to important insights into neutrophil regulation and function. Here, the contributions by our group to this field through interdisciplinary collaboration are discussed. The study of leukocyte adhesion deficiency‐associated periodontitis has revealed that the connection of neutrophils with destructive inflammation may involve mechanisms beyond the typical bystander injury dogma. In this regard, neutrophils are required for important immunomodulatory functions and their absence from the periodontium leads to dysregulated overproduction of interleukin‐17, which drives inflammatory bone loss. We have also discovered that both the production of neutrophils in the bone marrow and their recruitment to peripheral tissues, including the periodontium, are homeostatically regulated by a secreted protein designated developmental endothelial locus‐1. However, developmental endothelial locus‐1 expression, and hence developmental endothelial locus‐1‐dependent homeostasis, declines considerably with aging and contributes to an increased susceptibility to periodontitis in old age. Moreover, our work has mechanistically supported the concept that periodontitis is a dysbiotic disease and we have shown that neutrophils become targets of immune subversion by periodontal bacteria in a manner that promotes dysbiosis. The mechanism involves microbial exploitation of key neutrophil receptors (complement C5a receptor‐1 and toll‐like receptor‐2), leading to crosstalk signaling that uncouples neutrophil‐mediated killing (which is impaired) from neutrophil‐induced inflammation (which is enhanced). These studies have collectively established new mechanisms governing the protective and destructive functions of neutrophils in periodontitis and offered targeted host‐modulation approaches for the treatment of periodontal diseases.