bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Region of interest and directional analysis of subbasal nerves in wide-area corneal nerve plexus mosaics in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Badian Reza A. , Utheim Tor Paaske , Lagali Neil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) imaging of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SBNP) is a clinical imaging modality gaining popularity for the diagnosis and follow-up of corneal neuropathy in various conditions such as diabetes mellitus. There remain, however, major limitations to the method, hindering its widespread clinical use. Finding the same exact area of the central cornea to standardize image acquisition is difficult without a reference point. Alternatively, creating wide-area mosaics of the SBNP is resource-intensive and has not yet been developed for routine clinical use. Here, we investigated whether IVCM analysis of the corneal SBNP in a predetermined, anatomically standardized region of interest (ROI) could be applied as an equivalent substitution for wide-area SBNP mosaic generation and analysis. Furthermore, we investigated nerve patterns outside the central corneal region for a possible relationship to type 2 diabetes mellitus status using a publicly available dataset. We found that corneal nerve fibre length density (CNFL) based on the ROI underestimated the mosaic-based CNFL by an average of 34% in 90% of cases (150 eyes), and did not exhibit a significant reduction with diabetes, as seen in the full SBNP. Outside the central cornea, nerve orientation differed depending on the anatomic region (left, central or right superior plexus, P < 0.001). Moreover, in long-term type 2 diabetes mellitus (≥ 10 years, 28 subjects), nerve density in the left superior sector of the SBNP was decreased (P < 0.001) while that in the central superior SBNP increased (P = 0.01) relative to 35 age-matched healthy subjects with normal glucose tolerance. These results indicate that subbasal nerve degeneration in type 2 diabetes mellitus can vary according to anatomic location, and regions with potential diagnostic value outside the central SBNP may warrant further investigation.
Metabolic engineering of ketocarotenoids biosynthetic pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain CC-4102
Authors: Tran Nam Trung , Kaldenhoff Ralf 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, ketocarotenoid biosynthesis is limited to the diploid zygospore stage. In this study, we attempted to engineer the ketocarotenoid pathway into Chlamydomonas haploid vegetative green cells by overexpressing the key enzyme ß-carotene ketolase (CrBKT). We chose strain CC-4102 for the approach; competitive pathways, α-carotene biosynthesis and xanthophyll cycle are silenced in this strain. Driven by the strong constitutive HSP70/RBCS2 promoter CrBKT overexpression resulted in the production of canthaxanthin, the ketolation product from ß-carotene as well as a drastic reduction in the chlorophyll concentration. Intriguingly, these phenotypes could only be detected from lines transformed and grown heterotrophically in the dark. Once exposed to light, these transformants lost the aforementioned phenotypes as well as their antibiotic resistance. This phenomenon is in agreement with the fact that we were unable to recover any canthaxanthin-producing line among light-selected transformants.
Simple rapid stabilization method through citric acid modification for magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Dheyab Mohammed Ali , Aziz Azlan Abdul , Jameel Mahmood S. , Noqta Osama Abu , Khaniabadi Pegah Moradi , Mehrdel Baharak 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA highly stable and magnetized citric acid (CA)-functionalized iron oxide aqueous colloidal solution (Fe3O4@CA) was synthesized by using a simple and rapid method of one-step co-participation via a chemical reaction between Fe3+ and Fe2+ in a NaOH solution at 65 °C, followed by CA addition to functionalize the Fe3O4 surface in 25 min. The NPs were synthesized at lower temperatures and shortened time compared with conventional methods. Surface functionalization is highly suggested because bare Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) are frequently deficient due to their low stability and hydrophilicity. Hence, 19 nm-sized Fe3O4 NPs coated with CA (Fe3O4@CA) were synthesized, and their microstructure, morphology, and magnetic properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. CA successfully modified the Fe3O4 surface to obtain a stabilized (homogeneous and well dispersed) aqueous colloidal solution. The Zeta potential value of the as-prepared Fe3O4@CA increases from − 31 to − 45 mV. These CA-functionalized NPs with high magnetic saturation (54.8 emu/g) show promising biomedical applications.
The Influence of Hearing Loss on Cognitive Control in an Auditory Conflict Task: Behavioral and Pupillometry Findings
Authors: Zekveld Adriana A. , van Scheepen J. A. M. , Versfeld Niek J. , Kramer Sophia E. , van Steenbergen Henk 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The pupil dilation response is sensitive not only to auditory task demand but also to cognitive conflict. Conflict is induced by incompatible trials in auditory Stroop tasks in which participants have to identify the presentation location (left or right ear) of the words “left” or “right.” Previous studies demonstrated that the compatibility effect is reduced if the trial is preceded by another incompatible trial (conflict adaptation). Here, we investigated the influence of hearing status on cognitive conflict and conflict adaptation in an auditory Stroop task.

Method

Two age-matched groups consisting of 32 normal-hearing participants (
M
age
= 52 years, age range: 25–67 years) and 28 participants with hearing impairment (
M
age
= 52 years, age range: 23–64 years) performed an auditory Stroop task. We assessed the effects of hearing status and stimulus compatibility on reaction times (RTs) and pupil dilation responses. We furthermore analyzed the Pearson correlation coefficients between age, degree of hearing loss, and the compatibility effects on the RT and pupil response data across all participants.

Results
As expected, the RTs were longer and pupil dilation was larger for incompatible relative to compatible trials. Furthermore, these effects were reduced for trials following incompatible (as compared to compatible) trials (conflict adaptation). No general effect of hearing status was observed, but the correlations suggested that higher age and a larger degree of hearing loss were associated with more interference of current incompatibility on RTs.

Conclusions
Conflict processing and adaptation effects were observed on the RTs and pupil dilation responses in an auditory Stroop task. No general effects of hearing status were observed, but the correlations suggested that higher age and a greater degree of hearing loss were related to reduced conflict processing ability. The current study underlines the relevance of taking into account cognitive control and conflict adaptation processes.
Männer in geschlossenen Venerologischen Stationen der DDR am
Beispiel von Berlin, Dresden und Erfurt
Authors: Schochow Maximilian , Steger Florian 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel In der DDR konnten auch Männer in geschlossene
Venerologische Stationen zwangseingewiesen werden. Während zum
Umgang mit Frauen in geschlossenen Venerologischen Stationen zahlreiche
Forschungsergebnisse vorliegen, ist über den Umgang mit
Männern in diesen Stationen kaum etwas bekannt.
Methoden Es wurden ungedruckte Quellen im Bundesarchiv und
Landesarchiv Berlin und in den Stadtarchiven von Erfurt und Zwickau
recherchiert und historisch-kritisch ausgewertet. Zudem wurden in
Datenbanken gedruckte Quellen recherchiert und ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse In der DDR wurden Männer in geschlossene
Venerologische Stationen zwangseingewiesen. Diese Stationen waren Teil von
geschlossenen Venerologischen Einrichtungen, zu denen jeweils auch eine
Station für Frauen gehörte. Die Männer wurden
getrennt von den Frauen untergebracht. Die Anzahl der Betten und
durchgeführten Zwangseinweisungen war in den Stationen für
Männer erheblich geringer als in Stationen für Frauen.
Gründe für Einweisungen von Männern waren zu
behandelnde Geschlechtskrankheiten, HwG-Verdacht und
Disziplinarmaßnahmen. Die medizinische Versorgung der Männer
entsprach dem zeitgenössischen medizinischen Standard.
Schlussfolgerung Die Anzahl der Betten und der Zwangseinweisungen war
auf den Stationen für Männer deutlich geringer als auf den
Stationen für Frauen. Die Männer wurden überwiegend
zwangseingewiesen, weil sie eine Geschlechtskrankheit hatten oder als
HwG-Person galten, während mehr als 50 % der Frauen wegen
Herumtreiberei eingewiesen wurden. Darüber hinaus galten
Männer als zuverlässige Patienten in der medizinischen
Versorgung, während Frauen als säumig und
unzuverlässig angesehen wurden. In dieser Hinsicht unterscheidet
sich die Situation der Männer grundlegend von der der Frauen.
Kann ein nationales Gesundheitsportal die Primärversorgung
unterstützen? – Ergebnisse einer Befragungsstudie unter
Hausärzten
Authors: Wangler Julian , Stachwitz Philipp , Jansky Michael 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG) plant
die Einrichtung eines unabhängigen nationalen Gesundheitsportals,
das evidenzbasierte Gesundheitsinformationen zur Verfügung stellen
soll. Eine wünschenswerte Eigenschaft soll darin bestehen,
Ärzte bei ihrer informierenden und beratenden Tätigkeit zu
unterstützen. Gerade Hausärzte, die mit einer großen
Bandbreite an Symptomen, Erkrankungen und Patienten zu tun haben,
könnten hiervon profitieren. In Kooperation mit dem health
innovation hub (hih) des BMG wurde ein Forschungsprojekt initiiert, bei dem
hausärztliche Positionen, Bedürfnisse und Anforderungen mit
Blick auf ein nationales Gesundheitsportal ermittelt wurden.
Methoden Auf Basis einer qualitativen Vorstudie wurden Anfang 2020
insgesamt 745 Hausärzte in Rheinland-Pfalz und im Saarland
schriftlich befragt. Neben der deskriptiven Analyse kam zur Feststellung von
signifikanten Unterschieden zwischen 2 Gruppen ein T-Test bei
unabhängigen Stichproben zum Einsatz.
Ergebnisse Hausärzte artikulieren einen Bedarf nach einem
nationalen Gesundheitsportal. 54% stehen diesem positiv
gegenüber; 49% sehen große
Unterstützungspotenziale. Angeführt wird v. a. eine
Entlastung bei ärztlicher Beratung (68%), eine Optimierung
der Arzt-Patient-Kommunikation (56%), eine Stabilisierung von
ängstlichen Patienten (42%) und eine bessere
‚Schulung‘ im Umgang mit dem Gesundheitssystem
(41%). Zudem sollen Versorgungssettings längerfristig
stabilisiert werden (38%). Wichtig ist den Befragten ein
Präventionsschwerpunkt (91%) und eine symptomorientierte
Darstellung (62%). Für einen Teil ist vorstellbar,
über eine solche Plattform Informationen für ihre Patienten
zusammenzustellen (45%) und den Austausch mit Fachkollegen zu suchen
(44%).
Schlussfolgerung Allgemeinärzte sehen in der Schaffung eines
nationalen Gesundheitsportals klare Chancen für eine bessere
Information und Beratung von Patienten. Dabei sollte das Portal so
ausgestaltet werden, dass zum einen leitlinienkonforme,
verständliche Informationen symptomorientiert vermittelt werden, zum
anderen das Arzt-Patient-Verhältnis unterstützt und die
Orientierung im Gesundheitswesen verbessert wird. Offene Fragen bleiben,
z. B. mit Blick auf die Sicherstellung einer ausreichenden
Auffindbarkeit des Portals.
Facial Nerve Adherence in Vestibular Schwannomas: Classification and Radiological Predictors
Authors: Jung Gustavo Simiano , Montibeller Guilherme Ramina , Fraga Gabriel Schier de , Rohde Thais dos Santos , Ramina Ricardo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Facial nerve palsy is one of the most frequent complications after resection of vestibular schwannomas (VS). Several mechanisms have been implicated in the poor postoperative facial nerve outcome. Adherence between the facial nerve and tumor capsule is one of the most relevant factors. There is no clear preoperative parameter permitting identification of these adhesions.
Objective The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between the grade of adherence of the facial nerve to the tumor capsule and its functional outcome after VS resection.
Methods A total of 26 patients with sporadic VS (tumor sized T3, T4A, and T4B according to Hannover classification) were evaluated. Grade of adherence of the facial nerve to the tumor capsule was checked during surgery and graduated according to a proposed scale into 1 to 3 different grades. Facial nerve function was assessed postoperatively and after 1-year follow-up. Size of tumor according to Hannover classification, presence of cystic components, “cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cleft sign,” and the contour of tumor capsule were tested as radiological predictors of grade of adherence to the facial nerve.
Results and Conclusion Only Grade 2 (11 cases) and 3 (15 cases) of adherence were seen in large VS. Lower grade of adherence was associated with good facial nerve outcome after 1-year follow-up (p = 0.029). Presence of the “CSF cleft sign” and regular contour of tumor capsule were independent predictors of adherence. When both factors were associated, sensitivity and specificity of this method were 83 and 80%, respectively.
Screen identifies DYRK1B network as mediator of transcription repression on damaged chromatin
Authors: Dong Chao , West Kirk L. , Tan Xin Yi , Li Junshi , Ishibashi Toyotaka , Yu Cheng-han , Sy Shirley M. H. , Leung Justin W. C. , Huen Michael S. Y. 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceCells avoid clashes between DNA repair machineries and the transcription apparatus by temporary halting gene expression in the vicinity of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), an emerging DNA damage response (DDR) that underlies genome integrity protection. In this study, we screened for novel activities that may be important in this DDR and have identified the DYRK1B kinase as a component of the mammalian DDR that specializes in fine-tuning DSB repair on actively transcribed chromatin. Moreover, global analysis of DYRK1B substrates has led to the identification of the histone methyltransferase EHMT2 as a DYRK1B target and effector. Our findings uncover the DYRK1B network as a DDR subpathway that preserves the integrity of active chromatin.
Time-dependent plasticity in silicon microbeams mediated by dislocation nucleation
Authors: Elhebeary Mohamed , Harzer Tristan , Dehm Gerhard , A. Saif M. Taher 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Although silicon is the most used material in electronics industry, its mechanical behavior is still not fully understood. Silicon is considered to be a brittle material, but it becomes ductile at the brittle-to-ductile transition temperature of 540 °C. We reveal that silicon micromechanical beams exhibit time-dependent ductility at low temperatures under bending stresses. Generation of dislocations from the beam surface and their motion into the bulk mediate the plasticity. The study offers fundamental insights into the deformation mechanism of silicon. Most sensors and actuators, such as accelerometers, employ microbeams as springs. The results of this study are relevant to the design and reliability estimation of such silicon devices operating under high temperatures and stresses.
Male reproductive aging arises via multifaceted mating-dependent sperm and seminal proteome declines, but is postponable in
Drosophila
Authors: Sepil Irem , Hopkins Ben R. , Dean Rebecca , Bath Eleanor , Friedman Solomon , Swanson Ben , Ostridge Harrison J. , Harper Lucy , Buehner Norene A. , Wolfner Mariana F. , Konietzny Rebecca , Thézénas Marie-Laëtitia , Sandham Elizabeth , Charles Philip D. , Fischer Roman , Steinhauer Josefa , Kessler Benedikt M. , Wigby Stuart 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Reduced fertility with advancing age is well known in females but understudied in males. Most previous work on male reproductive aging has focused on age-related effects on sperm. However, nonsperm seminal fluid is also vital for fertility but might age differently. Using fruit flies, we find that seminal fluid and sperm are both qualitatively and quantitatively affected by age with each making distinct contributions to declining reproductive performance in older males. However, the relative impacts on sperm and seminal fluid often differ, leading to mismatches between ejaculate components. Despite these differences, experimental extension of male lifespan can improve overall ejaculate performance in later life, suggesting that such interventions can delay both male reproductive aging and death.
Vowel system or vowel systems?
Authors: Wong Gonzales Wilkinson Daniel , Starr Rebecca Lurie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Manila variety of Philippine Hybrid Hokkien (PHH-M) orLánnang-uèis a contact language used by the metropolitan Manila Chinese Filipinos; it is primarily comprised of Hokkien, Tagalog/Filipino, and English elements. Approaching PHH-M as a mixed language, we investigate linguistically and socially conditioned variation in the monophthongs of PHH-M, focusing on the extent to which the vowel systems of the three source languages have converged. This analysis draws on data gathered from 34 native speakers; Pillai scores are calculated to assess the degree of merger. Contrary to certain predictions of prior work on mixed languages, PHH-M is found to have a unified, eight-vowel inventory distinct from any of its sources. Older women use more stable vowels across source languages, suggesting that they have led in the development of PHH-M as a mixed code; however, signs of change among younger women suggest either the endangerment of the code or its evolution in response to the community’s shifting identity. We contextualize our conclusions in relation to the sociohistory and language ecology of metropolitan Manila’s Chinese Filipino community.
Changes in the functions of already in Singapore English
Authors: Ziegeler Debra 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The use of the adverb already in Colloquial Singapore English has long been known as one of the most readily recognizable features defining the contact dialect, marking aspectual nuances such as anterior, completive, inchoative and inceptive functions, as noted by Bao (2005, 2015). Recent observations note that the uses of already as an inchoative marker (distinguishing the adverb as an iamitive) are more frequently found than completive uses across a small, synchronic sample of speakers (Teo 2019). It is perhaps less often recognized, though, that the aspectual use of already co-exists with the variable marking for past tense in Singlish (Ho & Platt 1993), and that both the aspectual adverb and the past tense may be seen to co-occur in the same construction. The frequency of already in its various functions is examined across two corpora, and the relative frequency of completive vs. non-completive functions is quantified diachronically. It is hypothesized that, rather than grammaticalizing onwards to become a past tense marker, as is predictable for some Portuguese creole iamitives (ya ‘already’) (Clements 2006), already is becoming increasingly restricted in its functional range in today’s Singlish, and that its perfect and completive functions may be at a stage of selective renovation by the use of the past tense in Standard Singapore English.
Suppletion in Tagdal
Authors: Benítez-Torres Carlos M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNorthern Songhay languages are known for combining Songhay and Tuareg-Berber features.Nicolaï (1979)divided these languages into nomadic and sedentary sub-branches, something whichBenítez-Torres and Grant (2017)confirmed, bears out very well from a grammatical standpoint. This paper explores some of the interactions between Songhay and Berber vocabulary by looking at suppletion in Tagdal, a nomadic Northern Songhay language. In Tagdal, suppletion occurs when a verb root of Songhay origin is replaced by one of Berber origin whenever a Berber derivational prefix is present. It will be demonstrated that when Tagdal was in its formative period, the prosodic features that came along with the Songhay and Berber portions of the language made it either easier or necessary to keep the two apart. The paper ends with a brief discussion of how Songhay and Berber vocabulary may have interacted during the period when Tagdal and other Northern Songhay languages were still being formed.
High-spin states of 218Th
Authors: O’Donnell D , Page R D , Grahn T , Ali F A , Auranen K , Capponi L , Carroll R J , Chishti M M R , Drummond M C , Greenlees P T , Henderson J , Herzan A , Jakobsson U , Joss D T , Julin R , Juutinen S , Konki J , Labiche M , Leino M , Mason P J R , McPeake C G , Pakarinen J , Papadakis P , Partanen J , Peura P , Rahkila P , Revill J , Ruotsalainen P , Sandzelius M , Sarén J , Sayği B , Scholey C , Simpson J , Smith J F , Smolen M , Sorri J , Stolze S , Sullivan C M , Thornthwaite A , Uusitalo J , Kumar A , Srivastava P C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
High-spin states in the N = 128 nucleus 218Th have been investigated following fusion–evaporation reactions, using the recoil-decay tagging technique. Due to the short-lived nature of the ground state of 218Th prompt γ rays have been correlated with the α decay of the daughter nucleus 214Ra. The level scheme representing the decay of excited states has been extended to (16+) with the observation of six previously unreported transitions. The observations are compared with the results of shell model calculations and within the context of the systematics of neighbouring nuclei.
Robust treatment planning with 4D intensity modulated carbon ion therapy for multiple targets in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wolf M , Anderle K , Durante M , Graeff C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Intensity modulated particle therapy (IMPT) with carbon ions can generate highly conformal treatment plans; however, IMPT is limited in robustness against range and positioning uncertainty. This is particularly true for moving targets, even though all motion states of a 4DCT are considered in 4D-IMPT. Here, we expand 4D-IMPT to include robust non-linear RBE-weighted optimization to explore its potential in improving plan robustness and sparing critical organs. In this study, robust 4D-optimization—based on worst-case optimization on 9 scenarios—was compared to conventional 4D-optimization with PTV margins using 4D dose calculation and robustness analysis for 21 uncertainty scenarios. Slice-by-slice rescanning was used for motion mitigation. Both 4D-optimization strategies were tested on a cohort of 8 multi-lesion lung cancer patients with the goal of prioritizing OAR sparing in a hypofractionated treatment plan. Planning objectives were to keep the OAR volume doses below corresponding limits while simultaneously achieve CTV coverage with D95% ≥ 95 %. For the conventional plans, average D95% was at 98.7% which fulfilled the target objective in 83.2% of scenarios. For the robust plans, average D95% was reduced to 97.6% which still fulfilled the target objective in 80.7% of cases, but led to significantly improved overall OAR sparing: Volume doses were below the limits in 96.2% of cases for the conventional and 99.5% for the robust plans. When considering the particularly critical smaller airways only, fulfillment rates could be increased from 76.2% to 96% for the robust plans. This study has shown that plan robustness of 4D-IMPT could be improved by using robust 4D-optimization, offering greater control over uncertainties in the actual delivered dose. In some cases, this required sacrificing target coverage for the benefit of better OAR sparing.