bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reply to Comment on ‘On the relationship between Atlantic meridional overturning circulation slowdown and global surface warming’
Authors: Caesar L , Rahmstorf S , Feulner G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In their comment on our paper (Caesar et al 2020 Environ. Res. Lett.
15 024003), Chen and Tung (hereafter C&T) argue that our analysis, showing that over the last decades Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) strength and global mean surface temperature (GMST) were positively correlated, is incorrect. Their claim is mainly based on two arguments, neither of which is justified: first, C&T claim that our analysis is based on ‘established evidence’ that was only true for preindustrial conditions—this is not the case. Using data from the modern period (1947–2012), we show that the established understanding (i.e. deep-water formation in the North Atlantic cools the deep ocean and warms the surface) is correct, but our analysis is not based on this fact. Secondly, C&T claim that our results are based on a statistical analysis of only one cycle of data which was furthermore incorrectly detrended. This, too, is not true. Our conclusion that a weaker AMOC delays the current surface warming rather than enhances it, is based on several independent lines of evidence. The data we show to support this covers more than one cycle and the detrending (which was performed to avoid spurious correlations due to a common trend) does not affect our conclusion: the correlation between AMOC strength and GMST is positive. We do not claim that this is strong evidence that the two time series are in phase, but rather that this means that the two time series are not anti-correlated.
Hydromorphology of coastal zone and structure of watershed agro-food system are main determinants of coastal eutrophication
Authors: Garnier Josette , Billen Gilles , Lassaletta Luis , Vigiak Olga , Nikolaidis Nikolaos P , Grizzetti Bruna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
For a number of well-documented watersheds and their adjacent coastal zones, a simplified, but generic approach was developed to explore current nutrient deliveries to their corresponding marine system, characterized by their flushing rate/residence time and morphology. An indicator of eutrophication was defined derived from both the C:N:P:Si stoichiometry of the riverine nutrient delivery and the physical features of the receiving marine bay (B_ICEP). Results show that the morphological and hydrological conditions characterizing coastal zones are the main determinants of the manifestation of eutrophication caused by an imbalance of nitrogen (and/or phosphorus) with respect to silica in the river nutrient loading. Action on the structure of the agro-food system of the upstream watershed, which determines the nitrogen losses to the hydrosystem, is identified as the most efficient control for attenuating coastal eutrophication. A comprehensive and generic concept of the systemic processes responsible for river and coastal water degradation can be achieved with a chain of nested models, describing the terrestrial agro-food system of the watershed, the river network, including the biogeochemical processes responsible for water quality, and the ecological functioning of the receiving marine area, in terms of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica cycles. This leads to a land-to-sea continuum view, promoting interdisciplinarity and dialogue among the various scientific communities and their modeling approaches. This would also help the actors in multiple sectors (farming, fisheries, tourism, etc) and policy-makers make harmonized choices for a sustainable environment through an economically and socially viable way of life for all citizens.
Peculiarities of random walks with resetting in a one-dimensional chain
Authors: Christophorov L N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The main characteristics (stationary probability distribution and mean first passage time, MFPT) of random walks on the nodes of a (semi)infinite chain with resetting are obtained. It is shown that their dependences on the resetting rate frequency r essentially differ from those within the classical continuous diffusion model. The same is true for a finite chain in which the existence of an optimal value r
* that minimizes the MFPT becomes critically dependent on the resetting node position. As one of non-standard application of the results, the counter-intuitive effect of enzymatic reaction acceleration by increasing the rate of unproductive dissociation of the enzyme-substrate complex is explained.
Accounting unit in hybridological analysis
Authors: Zhuchenko Alexander , Rozhmina Tatiana , Melnikova Natalya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The world is dedicated to studies recombinogenesis in evolution and selection, on the variability causes of recombination and segregation parameters in hybridological analysis. The necessity of a careful choice in control unit for recombination experiment dependent on the architecture of a species reproductive system.
Chitinase production by Trichoderma viride in submerged state fermentation
Authors: Mukhammadiev Rinat , Mukhammadiev Rishat , Skvortsov Evgeny , Cheremisin Alexey , Zavriev Sergey , Gerner Angelika , Valiullin Lenar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We have identified the optimal conditions for the production of chitinolytic enzymes of T.viride in submerged state fermentation. The production of chitinase by a new strain of fungus was carried out on the basal liquid medium, containing (%) colloidal chitin 0.5, NaNO3 0.2, KH2PO4 0.1; MgSO44-7H2O 0.05 and KCl, 0.05. The activity of enzymes of the chitinase complex of the strain was evaluated using the method using dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS reagent). A quantitative determination of the activity of chitinases in a producer microorganism was established by their ability to hydrolyze 0.2% colloidal chitin (in phosphate buffer 0.05 M, pH 5.2), by the content of reducing sugars formed in this process, which were evaluated using a DNS reagent. The results of studies of the influence of various cultivation parameters showed that highest chitinolotic enzymes production by T.viride was obtained at pH 4.0, (301.15-303.15) K and after 144 h growth. The studied soil isolate can be further used in biotechnological research, as well as for biological control of pests and pathogens of agricultural crops.
Digital methods for agro-monitoring and nutrient load management in the Russian part of the Baltic Sea catchment area
Authors: Briukhanov Aleksandr , Dorokhov Alexey , Shalavina Ekaterina , Trifanov Alexey , Vorobyeva Ekaterina , Vasilev Eduard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article describes the basic requirements for an interactive programme designed for agro-monitoring and nutrient load management in the Russian part of the Baltic Sea catchment area within the borders of the Leningrad Region. The programme will monitor the farm generation of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in the organic fertilisers and create the logistical scheme of their application with due account for environmental and economic factors. The functional objectives of the interactive programme are to receive the relevant source information on the region, agricultural organisations, applied animal/poultry manure handling technologies, and manure storage types; to visualize all agricultural organizations on a digital map: location, name, specialisation, animal stock, available agricultural land; to calculate and display the current situation in agricultural enterprises: amount of organic fertiliser received, land sufficiency for all organic fertiliser application, and required volume of manure storages and composting pads; to calculate and display the forecast situation in agricultural organizations and to create the electronic passports of farms, districts and the whole Leningrad Region including the logistics of organic fertilisers distribution from supplier farms to consumer farms considering the nutrient load standards and the data on the nutrient load distribution within the boundaries of agricultural lands in the catchment area.
Transition to the circular economy and new circular business models – an in-depth study of the whey recycling
Authors: Uvarova Inga , Atstaja Dzintra , Grinbergs Ugis , Petersons Janis , Gegere-Zetterstroma Astrida , Kraze Sandra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Depleting natural resources and large amounts of waste increase the environmental pressure affecting the economy and humans. Emerging sustainability challenges require new behavioural patterns from both the business and consumers. Responding to these constraints, the circular economy is promoted as a new way towards a sustainable future. While the circular economy provides new principles for improving resource efficiency and reducing waste, most of companies run traditional business models with the perception that competitive advantages can be achieved by increasing production. Instead circular business models seek for increase of profitability and efficiency through adapting various business model innovations. However, their adoption process and results are unclear for many industries highlighting the topicality of this article. This research shows that milk processing companies lack an experience and understanding of benefits and challenges of circular business models. In milk processing, the whey is considered as problematic waste or the production leftover, which requires new treatment. The research provides analyses of the whey recycling circular business models that ensured new revenue streams, higher profitability, return on assets and competitive advantages for milk processing companies. The COVID19 pandemia increases the importance of this issue as the dairy industry due to livestock requirements shall ensure business continuity despite a crises or other risks that slowdown the business.
Engineered MSW landfills as a future material resource and a sink for long-term storage of organic carbon
Authors: Bramryd Torleif , Johansson Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A controlled, highly engineered landfill has many similarities to natural peatlands or other natural anoxic sediment deposits. In anaerobic MSW landfills, generally about 30-50 percent of the total carbon content in the waste can be converted into biogas and be collected as resource for energy or chemical industry. Remaining long-lived organic carbon, e.g. from lignin remains un-degraded, Organic carbon in fossil derived hydrocarbons, like plastics, will remain rather unaffected in the landfill. In a future with less remaining oil resources, landfill mining of these polymers can be valuable, making the landfill to a future “resource bank”. New reactor cell landfill technologies have shown that up to over 90 % of the produced biogas can be collected and used. Approximately 150-250 m3 of biogas per tonne waste can be extracted from a landfill reactor-cell over a 10-year period. Sequestration of a long-lived organic fraction in a landfill, with an annual input of 100 000 tons of waste, can compensate for annual CO2 emissions from about 20 000 to 25 000 cars. If more than about 60 % of produced biogas can be collected from the landfill, it has positive net effects on climate change. If the waste instead would have been incinerated this would lead to major emissions of fossil CO2, as about 30-50 % of the CO2 in the stack gasses from a waste incinerator has fossil origin.
Environmental monitoring of natural waters in the zone of impact of an enterprise producing explosives
Authors: Patokin Dmitry , Danilov Alexander , Isakov Alexander 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Production of explosives, as part of chemical industry, has a significant anthropogenic impact on components of environment. The greatest negative impact due to water requirements of the industry enterprises have on hydrosphere. Generally pollutants of this group of enterprises are nitroesters – one of the most important components of products that determine energy properties of powders. In article considers the need for water quality monitoring of water bodies located in zone of influence of enterprises for contamination with nitroesters, in particular nitroglycerine (1,2,3-trinitrooxypropane). As a rule, such enterprises are located on the largest water bodies. Low solubility of the substance in water determines its risk to aquatic organisms and population. The Kama river was selected as the water object of the research in area of impact of the gunpowder production enterprise on territory of a large industrial and residential agglomeration of Perm. According to the results of environmental monitoring, which consisted in sewage and natural water, a significant excess of maximum permissible concentration of nitroglycerin in natural waters was detected, which is unacceptable for water bodies of the highest fishing category of water consumption. To reduce the anthropogenic impact on the water body, it is proposed to introduce a system for wastewater treatment from the source pollutant by ozonation of industrial wastewater with introduction of an alkaline reagent. The revealed high efficiency of the method of wastewater treatment to the content of nitroester at level of trace concentrations makes it possible to exclude the impact of the enterprise on the watercourse.
Changes of optical density and fluorescence intensity of river water samples during storage
Authors: Andrianova Maria , Bondarenko Ekaterina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Waters of river Okhta and its tributary polluted with domestic wastewater were studied during several weeks of water storage at 20°C and 8°C. At sampling day, concentrations of total organic carbon in waters were close (17-24 mgTOC/L), polluted waters had difference in electric conductivity, increased concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and NH4
+. During storage, concentrations of TOC, inorganic carbon, TN, NH4
+ declined, and the decline was stronger in polluted waters and at room temperature of storage. Spectra of optical density (D) of waters showed no significant qualitative difference between polluted and not polluted waters. During storage, D254 of all samples decreased up to 40% in 12 days. Polluted water had higher fluorescence intensity (I) at emission wavelengths 320-370 nm (up to 200%) and 420 nm (up to 50%). During storage of polluted water I decreased at 320, 350, 370 nm and increased at 420 nm. For pollution detection in not diluted waters at the sampling day and after 2 weeks of water storage the following parameters can be recommended: I230,350, I230,370 or I270,350 together with ratio of protein-like to humic-like fluorescence I230, 350/420 or I270, 350/420. These parameters can be used with or without correction of I for D.
Epitaxial GaN layers synthesized on Si (111)
Authors: Lubyankina Ekaterina , Bayramov Farid , Toporov Vladimir , Mizerov Andrei , Timoshnev Sergei , Shubina Ksenia , Rud Yury , Bairamov Bakhysh , Bouravleuv Aleksei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Realization of epitaxial synthesis of high quality gallium nitride layers on silicon substrates is driven by the high potential of GaN-on-silicon technology for fabrication of high efficiency and relatively low-cost electronic devises. Growth process of GaN layers on Si substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy is complicated by differences in thermal expansion coefficients and lattice parameters causing large number of defects and dislocations. Another issue is mutual diffusion of Si and Ga. To improve the quality of GaN layers high temperature nitridation of silicon substrates was applied. We used Raman spectroscopy and Hall measurements to study the effect of nitridation. The shift of E2
H phonon mode allowed to calculate biaxial stress and this indicated stress relaxation in GaN epitaxial layers. P-type conductivity was observed in GaN/Si(111) structures and nitridation was proven to reduce carrier concentration. Thus, high temperature nitridation of Si substrate led to stress relaxation and decrease of Ga diffusion into substrate.
The method of radiation control of water areas deep parts and bottom sediments
Authors: Gryaznova Ekaterina , Dmitrieva Diana , Pilipova Valeria , Meshalkin Valeriy , Zhuchenko Alexander , Druzhinina Galina , Bogun Inna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article substantiates the need to control the underwater water area and bottom sediments in marine water areas, lakes and rivers. Especially in cases where hazardous facilities are located next to them (nuclear power plants, production using radioactive components, storage facilities, etc.). For various reasons, small radioactive releases occur from these facilities. The radioactive substances fall into the water and are deposited in bottom sediments. Gradually, the expositional irradiation dose in the bottom sediment increases. Sea, lake or river inhabitants begin to get sick. It is extremely difficult to establish a high level of radiation in the bottom sediment by measuring the exposure dose over the water surface. The bottom sediments may be washed ashore during water movement or various cyclones. Further, then are dispersed by wind. This can lead to radioactive damage to people, animals and territory. The methodology for the radioactive state research of the water areas deep parts and bottom sediments using an autonomous deep-sea apparatus is presented. The apparatus is equipped with sensors for measuring the expositional irradiation dose, a video camera for monitoring the bottom, a depth sensor and an echo probe to determine its coordinates under water. The using an autonomous apparatus allows to determine the presence of radioactive contamination in bottom sediments and determine the configuration of their location. This allows to plan and effectively carry out work on the cleaning of rivers, lakes and coastal zones of the seas from radioactive bottom sediments.
Research on Operation and Construction of the Development Model of “Gas Extraction-Gas Power Generation-Sales” in Small Coal Mine
Authors: Changjun Lian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that a large number of small coal mines in Yunnan Province are not effectively utilized, with a small coal mine in the region as the background, a variety of methods are used to analyze and study its low-concentration gas power generation project, and it is obtained that the key to the success of a low-concentration gas power generation project in a small coal mine is the integrated technology system of gas source security under the leadership of the concept of “gas management first”. On the basis of the gas source guarantee, the low-concentration gas power generation project of this small coal mine has been running efficiently for 4 years, generating economic income of about 4032 million yuan per year, reducing the co2 of about 44.7 ten thousand tons to improve the level of coal mine safety production, and guarantee the coal mine production standards.
Low-Temperature synthesis of FeOOH Quantum Dots as Promising Electron-Transporting Layers for High-Performance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Hui , Ren Jing , Liu Tao , Zhao Qiang , Wang Ning , Wang Jinshu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The development of a low-temperature processed electron-transporting layers (ETL) is highly desirable for high-performance planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) toward large-scale and flexible devices, yet remains a great challenge. Herein, a low-temperature route was applied to synthesize FeOOH quantum dots (QDs) as promsing ETL for PSCs. A systematic survey of the structure, morphology and band structure was carried out, and the device performance further illustrates that the device based on FeOOH QDs ETL achieves a high efficiency of 17.3% with negligible hysteresis. Moreover, a stable current output at 0.8 V in 400 s was observed in the champion device. As a result, the low-temperature preparation of FeOOH QDs ETL and the corresponding excellent performance of PSCs present great commercial potential for future applications.
Implementation and Optimization Strategy of SG-CCTV Inspection of CPR1000 Nuclear Power Station
Authors: Li Tian , Li Cheng , Chen Yanhui , Xue Donglin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The video inspection for primary side water chamber of the steam generator (For short: SG-CCTV inspection) was an important item of nuclear island in-service inspection. According to the structure of primary side water chamber and SG-CCTV inspection equipment, implementation and management strategies of SG-CCTV inspection were introduced. From the perspective of equipment and item management, the problems during SG-CCTV implementation process were analysed. To solve those problems, suggestions for equipment improvement and item optimization management were put forward.
A method for predicting the solar photovoltaic (PV) potential in China
Authors: Chen Yunyu , Peng Yi , He Shuyu , Hou Youmin , Qin Hanshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A reliable assessment of energy efficiency for photovoltaic system is of importance for the solar energy policy planning and industrial development. Despite extensive advances over past years, almost all economic analyses overlooked the effect of local environment on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells, therefore leading to a non-negligible error in the prediction of photovoltaic potential. In this work, we developed a unified model to evaluate the regional economics of photovoltaic system by incorporating the heat transfer in solar cell and associated environmental influences. This model significantly improves the prediction accuracy of photovoltaic potential by establishing a correlation between the regional meteorological data and solar energy generation. In particular, with a meteorological data reduction, we dramatically decrease the computational complexity for predicting the photovoltaic potential. Through a theoretical analysis with the unified model, we demonstrate that the existing price mechanism of PV electricity in China cannot fully eliminate the economic disparities in various areas owing to the neglect of environmental effect. This work not only offers new insight into the research of solar resource and related policy making, but also provides guidelines for the further development of solar power industry.
Short-term PV power prediction considering the influence of aerosol
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Zhang Jinxia , Wei Haikun , Zhang Kanjian , Fang Shixiong , Xie Liping , Ge Jian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To improve the accuracy of photovoltaic power prediction under haze weather, a short-term PV power prediction method combining the PM2.5 forecast and SVR model is proposed. The WRF-CHEM air quality model is used to realize the simulation calculation of PM2.5 concentration, combined with the historical output data of PV power plants, and based on the SVR machine learning model to build a direct mapping relationship model between multiple meteorological elements and PV output. A forecast experiment was carried out for a certain area in North China, and the results showed that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of PV power forecasting under haze weather conditions, thereby providing strong support for power grid dispatch and operation.