bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing PIDF Curves From Dynamically Downscaled WRF Model Fields to Examine Extreme Precipitation Events in Three Eastern U.S. Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Jalowska Anna M. , Spero Tanya L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExtreme precipitation events influence watershed, agriculture, and urban management. The probability of extreme precipitation is estimated for storm water management using precipitation intensity‐duration‐frequency (PIDF) curves. This study explores developing PIDF curves from dynamically downscaled 36‐ and 12‐km simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Three modeled data sets are examined: 36‐km WRF model forced with 2.5° (~275‐km) NCEP–DOE AMIP‐II Reanalysis (R2); 36‐km WRF model forced with 0.75° (~80‐km) ERA‐Interim; and 12‐km WRF model forced with ERA‐Interim. The WRF outputs are verified against historical observations for three cities in the Eastern United States using a 23‐year period (1988–2010). The 36‐km WRF data set driven by R2 produced PIDF curves that were acceptable at the 12‐ to 24‐hr durations, but those WRF data could not realistically simulate extremes represented by the high‐intensity, short‐duration precipitation events. Increasing the resolution of WRF's driving data from R2 to ERA‐Interim did not improve WRF's representation of precipitation events. Using 12‐km grid spacing enhances WRF's ability to reproduce PIDF curves developed from observations. Finer grid spacing dramatically improves the frequency and intensity of the 1‐ to 3‐hr events and improves the 6‐ to 24‐hr events. However, improvements with the 12‐km WRF data did not apply equally to all study sites, suggesting further modifications to the WRF configuration and/or methodology are necessary. Although imperfect, the results here lend confidence to using modeled data to construct PIDF curves, which could be valuable for projecting changes to parameters used in urban and environmental planning.
The emerging treatment landscape of targeted therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Yuan Min , Huang Li-Li , Chen Jian-Hua , Wu Jie , Xu Qing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLung cancer is one of the most common cancer in the world. In 2018, there were over 2 million new cases of lung cancer and over 1.7 million deaths were attributed to lung cancer. Targeted therapy has emerged as an important mean of the disease management for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we review and analyze recent literature, discuss the targeting pathways and ongoing clinical trials in lung cancer. Chemotherapy is no longer the best available treatment for all patients. Therapeutic decisions should be guided by an understanding of the molecular features of patient’s tumor tissues. The future gains will likely emerge from finding optimal ways of combining targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy.
Spatio-temporal Analysis of Anthropogenic Disturbances on Landscape Pattern of Tourist Destinations: a case study in the Li River Basin, China
Authors: Xiang Yunyun , Meng Jijun , You Nanshan , Chen Peixiong , Yang Hui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe impact of human-related activities on the eco-environment of tourist destinations is an important part of recreation ecology research. However, traditional studies have mainly concentrated on the static influences upon the simple factors of soil or vegetation in tourist destinations, and the relationship between anthropogenic disturbances and landscape patterns is little understood. In this study, we constructed a disturbance model on a landscape scale to identify and quantify the main anthropogenic disturbances. The overall variation coefficient (OVC) index is defined as the intensity of different disturbance sources, and landscape structure analysis methods are used for temporal and spatial differentiation, which is applied in the Li River Basin, China. Three typical types of human-related activities are identified as possible anthropogenic disturbance sources in the region, and their notable influential spheres are determined. Then, the dynamic changes in tourism disturbance in two periods and the spatial distribution characteristics related to three factors are explored. The results suggest that settlement and tourism disturbances have exerted considerable impacts on landscape patterns, and the differentiation characteristics are closely related to local tourism development policies and patterns. The disturbance model could be applied in other tourism destinations and provide countermeasures for regional tourism management.
Increased fibroblast growth factor-21 in chronic kidney disease is a trade-off between survival benefit and blood pressure dysregulation
Authors: Nakano Toshihiro , Shiizaki Kazuhiro , Miura Yutaka , Matsui Masahiro , Kosaki Keisei , Mori Shoya , Yamagata Kunihiro , Maeda Seiji , Kishi Takuya , Usui Naoki , Yoshida Masahide , Onaka Tatsushi , Mizukami Hiroaki , Kaneda Ruri , Karasawa Kazunori , Nitta Kosaku , Kurosu Hiroshi , Kuro-o Makoto 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCirculating levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) start increasing in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) since early stages during the cause of disease progression. FGF21 is a liver-derived hormone that induces responses to stress through acting on hypothalamus to activate the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal endocrine axis. However, roles that FGF21 plays in pathophysiology of CKD remains elusive. Here we show in mice that FGF21 is required to survive CKD but responsible for blood pressure dysregulation. When introduced with CKD, Fgf21−/− mice died earlier than wild-type mice. Paradoxically, these Fgf21−/− CKD mice escaped several complications observed in wild-type mice, including augmentation of blood pressure elevating response and activation of the sympathetic nervous system during physical activity and increase in serum noradrenalin and corticosterone levels. Supplementation of FGF21 by administration of an FGF21-expressing adeno-associated virus vector recapitulated these complications in wild-type mice and restored the survival period in Fgf21−/− CKD mice. In CKD patients, high serum FGF21 levels are independently associated with decreased baroreceptor sensitivity. Thus, increased FGF21 in CKD can be viewed as a survival response at the sacrifice of blood pressure homeostasis.
Structural insight into conformational change in prion protein by breakage of electrostatic network around H187 due to its protonation
Authors: Lee Juhwan , Chang Iksoo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA conformational change from normal prion protein(PrPC) to abnormal prion protein(PrPSC) induces fatal neurodegenerative diseases. Acidic pH is well-known factors involved in the conformational change. Because the protonation of H187 is strongly linked to the change in PrP stability, we examined the charged residues R156, E196, and D202 around H187. Interestingly, there have been reports on pathological mutants, such as H187R, E196A, and D202N. In this study, we focused on how an acidic pH and pathological mutants disrupt this electrostatic network and how this broken network destabilizes PrP structure. To do so, we performed a temperature-based replica-exchange molecular dynamics (T-REMD) simulation using a cumulative 252 μs simulation time. We measured the distance between amino acids comprising four salt bridges (R156–E196/D202 and H187–E196/D202). Our results showed that the spatial configuration of the electrostatic network was significantly altered by an acidic pH and mutations. The structural alteration in the electrostatic network increased the RMSF value around the first helix (H1). Thus, the structural stability of H1, which is anchored to the H2–H3 bundle, was decreased. It induces separation of R156 from the electrostatic network. Analysis of the anchoring energy also shows that two salt-bridges (R156-E196/D202) are critical for PrP stability.
Hearing Impairment Increases Communication Effort During Conversations in Noise
Authors: Beechey Timothy , Buchholz Jörg M. , Keidser Gitte 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This article describes patterns of speech modifications produced by talkers as a function of the degree of hearing impairment of communication partners during naturalistic conversations in noise. An explanation of observed speech modifications is proposed in terms of a generalization of the concept of effort. This account complements existing theories of listening effort by extending the concept of effort to the domain of interactive communication.

Method
Twenty young adult normal hearing participants and 20 older adult hearing-impaired participants were tested in pairs. Each pair consisted of 1 young normal hearing participant and 1 older hearing-impaired participant. Pairs of participants took part in naturalistic conversations through the use of a referential communication task. Each pair completed a 5-min conversation in each of 5 different realistic acoustic environments.

Results
Talkers modified their speech, in terms of level and spectrum, in a gradient manner reflecting both the acoustic environment and the degree of hearing impairment of their conversation partner. All pairs of participants were able to maintain communication across all acoustic environments regardless of degree of hearing impairment and the level of environmental noise. Contrasting effects of noise and hearing impairment on speech production revealed distinct patterns of speech modifications produced by normal hearing and hearing-impaired talkers during conversation. This may reflect the fact that only the speech modifications produced by normal hearing talkers functioned to compensate for the hearing impairment of a conversation partner.

Conclusions
The data presented support the concept of communication effort as a dynamic feedback system between conversation participants. Additionally, these results provide insight into the nature of realistic speech signals, which are encountered by people with hearing impairment in everyday communication scenarios.
Schläfenlappenepilepsie
Authors: Niehusmann Pitt , Becker Albert J. 
Published: December 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Schläfenlappenepilepsie stellt die häufigste fokale Epilepsieform dar. Trotz etablierter Pathologiemuster ergaben sich zuletzt grundlegende Innovationen im Hinblick sowohl auf erworbene Epilepsien mit hippocampalem Ursprung als auch bei fokalen kortikalen Dysplasien und epilepsieassoziierten, oft glioneuronalen Tumoren. Besondere Erwähnung finden Verbesserungen des molekulargenetischen Verständnisses der Erkrankungen.
DEVASYS – Entwicklung eines Online-Tools zur
Unterstützung der systematischen Evaluation von Interventionsprojekten
der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Wichmann Frauke , Brandes Mirko , Jahn Ingeborg , Muellmann Saskia , Peters Manuela , Pischke Claudia Ruth , Zeeb Hajo 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziele der Arbeit Das Wissen über Wirkungen und
Umsetzungsqualität in praxisbezogenen Projekten der Prävention
und Gesundheitsförderung in Deutschland ist aktuell sehr begrenzt.
Für die Evaluation solcher Projekte gibt es derzeit kaum strukturierte
Evaluationssysteme, die leicht und mit wenig Aufwand, auch im Rahmen von
Selbstevaluationen, genutzt werden können. Das Ziel der vorliegenden
Arbeit war die wissenschaftsbasierte Entwicklung und Pilotierung eines
Online-Tools zur Unterstützung einer strukturierten Dokumentation und
Selbstevaluation von Interventionsprojekten der Prävention und
Gesundheitsförderung, das zu einer zyklischen Projektentwicklung
beiträgt.
Methodik Der multimethodische Ansatz beinhaltete 2 Abschnitte, eine
Literatur- und Datenbankrecherche zur Erstellung eines Rahmenmodells sowie eine
Praxisanpassung, einschließlich einer Fokusgruppe und einem
Anwendungstest mit Stakeholdern aus unterschiedlichen Praxisbereichen der
Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung (N=12).
Ergebnisse Das Dokumentations- und Evaluationssystem (DEVASYS)
unterscheidet die Bereiche „Planung“,
„Dokumentation“ und „Evaluation“, die jeweils
auch unabhängig voneinander bearbeitet werden können.
Konzeptionelle Grundlage des Tools bildet das RE-AIM Framework. Zur Bestimmung
der Projektqualität können sowohl Dimensionen der Output-Ebene
(Reichweite, Akzeptanz, Implementierung) als auch der Outcome-Ebene
(Wirksamkeit, Aufrechterhaltung) erfasst werden.
Schlussfolgerung DEVASYS ist ein praxiserprobtes Werkzeug, das zu einer
verbesserten Evaluation existierender praxisbezogener Interventionsprojekte und
zu einer Qualitätsentwicklung zukünftiger Projekte in der
Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung beiträgt.
Nächste Schritte sind die systematische Dissemination und
Implementierung.
Medial Femoral Trochlea Graft for Scaphoid Waist Nonunion: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Crepaldi Bruno E. , Keating Cameron , Ek Eugene T. , Tham Stephen K. Y. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe medial femoral trochlea (MFT) of the knee is a donor site for convex osteochondral vascularized bone that has been used for the salvage of fractures of the proximal pole of the scaphoid. Chronic nonunited fractures of the scaphoid may lead to a sequence of degenerative change often referred to as scaphoid nonunion advance collapse. The vascularized MFT osteochondral graft has been reported as a salvage procedure for fractures of the proximal pole of the scaphoid, in situations where fixation is not an option. In this “Special review,” we describe the technique of free vascularized MFT graft in a case in which the nonunited scaphoid fracture was associated with segmental loss of the articular surface of the scaphoid waist. Given the likely progression of arthritis, if left untreated, we elected to treat this by replacing the lost articular surface using a vascularized intercalary osteochondral MFT graft between the nonunited scaphoid segments.
Association between different methods of assessing blood pressure variability and incident cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality: a systematic review
Authors: Smith Toby O , Sillito Julia Ann , Goh Choon-Hian , Abdel-Fattah Abdel-Rahman , Einarsson Alice , Soiza Roy L , Mamas Mamas A , Tan Maw Pin , Potter John F , Loke Yoon K , Myint Phyo K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Blood pressure variability (BPV) is a possible risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. There is uncertainty as to whether BPV is related to differences in populations studied, measurement methods or both. We systematically reviewed the evidence for different methods to assess blood pressure variability (BPV) and their association with future cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality.

Methods
Literature databases were searched to June 2019. Observational studies were eligible if they measured short-term BPV, defined as variability in blood pressure measurements acquired either over a 24-hour period or several days. Data were extracted on method of BPV and reported association (or not) on future cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality. Methodological quality was assessed using the CASP observational study tool and data narratively synthesised.

Results
Sixty-one studies including 3,333,801 individuals were eligible. BPV has been assessed by various methods including ambulatory and home-based BP monitors assessing 24-hour, “day-by-day” and “week-to-week” variability. There was moderate quality evidence of an association between BPV and cardiovascular events (43 studies analysed) or all-cause mortality (26 studies analysed) irrespective of the measurement method in the short- to longer-term. There was moderate quality evidence reporting inconsistent findings on the potential association between cardiovascular mortality, irrespective of methods of BPV assessment (17 studies analysed).

Conclusion
An association between BPV, cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events and/or all-cause mortality were reported by the majority of studies irrespective of method of measurement. Direct comparisons between studies and reporting of pooled effect sizes were not possible.
Greek in Their Own Way: Writing India and Japan into the World History of Architecture at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Conrad Sebastian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
At the turn of the twentieth century, two architects—Itō Chūta in Japan and Rajendralal Mitra in Bengal—sought to counter Eurocentric accounts of aesthetic modernity by insisting on the inclusion of Japanese and Indian building traditions in the world history of architecture. In different and indeed opposing ways, they mobilized the idea of classical Greece; while Itō saw ancient Japanese buildings as directly influenced by Greek models, Mitra denied any such connections. Beyond these differences, however, both scholars were aligned in their effort to use references to “Greece” in order to claim equivalence for their native architecture on a world stage. While invoking a Eurocentric standard to battle Eurocentrism may sound paradoxical, this article shows that a confluence of global forces went into the making of this late Victorian moment of imperial universalism. The globality of the standards both actors referred to should not be imagined as the result of a gradual spread and diffusion from a European center. Rather, actors constantly invented and co-produced these standards as they resonated both with global change and with social dynamics locally.
Combination Antihypertensive Therapy Prescribing and Blood Pressure Control in a Real-World Setting
Authors: Magvanjav Oyunbileg , Cooper-Dehoff Rhonda M , McDonough Caitrin W , Gong Yan , Hogan William R , Johnson Julie A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Specific combinations of two drug classes are recommended in a variety of clinical situations in the management of hypertension. These preferred combinations are based on complimentary blood pressure (BP) lowering mechanisms or benefit for a concomitant disease.

METHODS
Using electronic health records (EHRs) data from 27,579 ambulatory hypertensive patients, we investigated antihypertensive therapy prescribing patterns and associations of preferred two drug classes with BP control.

RESULTS
Overall, BP control, defined as BP &lt;140/90 mm Hg, was 65% among treated patients. Preferred dual antihypertensive therapy was prescribed in 55% of patients with uncomplicated hypertension, 49% of patients with diabetes, and 47% of patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI); these prescribing frequencies of preferred combinations were not explained by worse BP control on those combinations. In fact, we found suggestive evidence of association between prescribing of preferred two drug classes and improved BP control among post-MI (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.99–1.48, P = 0.061) and uncomplicated hypertensive (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.98–1.26, P = 0.089) patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Prescribing of guideline-recommended antihypertensive drug classes for concomitant diseases is suboptimal and prescribing of preferred/optimized drug class combinations was moderate. We did not find a clear association between the use of optimized drug class combinations and greater BP control. Overall, using EHR data, we identified potential opportunities for re-examining prescribing practices with implications for clinical decision support and healthcare improvement at the community and health system-wide levels.
Avian influenza viruses in humans: lessons from past outbreaks
Authors: Li Yao-Tsun , Linster Martin , Mendenhall Ian H , Su Yvonne C F , Smith Gavin J D 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuman infections with avian influenza viruses (AIV) represent a persistent public health threat. The principal risk factor governing human infection with AIV is from direct contact with infected poultry and is primarily observed in Asia and Egypt where live-bird markets are common.Areas of agreementChanging patterns of virus transmission and a lack of obvious disease manifestations in avian species hampers early detection and efficient control of potentially zoonotic AIV.Areas of controversyDespite extensive studies on biological and environmental risk factors, the exact conditions required for cross-species transmission from avian species to humans remain largely unknown.Growing pointsThe development of a universal (‘across-subtype’) influenza vaccine and effective antiviral therapeutics are a priority.Areas timely for developing researchSustained virus surveillance and collection of ecological and physiological parameters from birds in different environments is required to better understand influenza virus ecology and identify risk factors for human infection.
Reinforcing at the Top or Compensating at the Bottom? Family Background and Academic Performance in Germany, Norway, and the United States
Authors: Grätz Michael , Wiborg Øyvind N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Research on educational mobility usually studies socioeconomic differences at the mean of children’s academic performance but fails to consider the variation in the shape of socioeconomic differences across the outcome distribution. Theories of social mobility as well as theories about the resource allocation within families predict such variation. We use quantile regression models to estimate variation in socioeconomic differences across the distribution of academic performance using different indicators of family background (parental education, occupation, earnings, and wealth). We apply this approach to data on Germany, Norway, and the United States, three countries that represent different welfare and education regimes that may affect the intergenerational transmission of educational advantage. We find stronger socioeconomic differences at the bottom than at the middle and the smallest differences at the top of the performance distribution. These findings are virtually identical across all four indicators of family background. We also find no cross-national differences in the shape of socioeconomic differences in academic performance.
Metrics for assessing physician activity using electronic health record log data
Authors: Sinsky Christine A , Rule Adam , Cohen Genna , Arndt Brian G , Shanafelt Tait D , Sharp Christopher D , Baxter Sally L , Tai-Seale Ming , Yan Sherry , Chen You , Adler-Milstein Julia , Hribar Michelle 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Electronic health record (EHR) log data have shown promise in measuring physician time spent on clinical activities, contributing to deeper understanding and further optimization of the clinical environment. In this article, we propose 7 core measures of EHR use that reflect multiple dimensions of practice efficiency: total EHR time, work outside of work, time on documentation, time on prescriptions, inbox time, teamwork for orders, and an aspirational measure for the amount of undivided attention patients receive from their physicians during an encounter, undivided attention. We also illustrate sample use cases for these measures for multiple stakeholders. Finally, standardization of EHR log data measure specifications, as outlined here, will foster cross-study synthesis and comparative research.
A conserved role for γ-tubulin as a regulator of E2F transcription factors
Authors: Raynaud Cécile , Nisa Maherun 
Published: December 2019

This article comments on:
Kállai BM, Kourová H, Chumová J, Papdi C, Trögelová L, Kofroňová O, Hozák P, Filimonenko V, Mészáros T, Magyar Z, Bögre L, Binarová P. 2020. γ-Tubulin interacts with E2F transcription factors to regulate proliferation and endocycling in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 1265–1277.