bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral proinflammatory Th1/Th17 immune cell shift is linked to disease severity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Jin Mengmeng , Günther Rene , Akgün Katja , Hermann Andreas , Ziemssen Tjalf 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNeuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but only limited data are available on systematic peripheral and central immune cell profiles in ALS. We studied detailed immune profiles of 73 ALS patients and 48 healthy controls (controls) in peripheral blood by fluorescence-activated cell sorting as well as cytokine expression profiles in serum. In a subgroup of 16 ALS patients and 10 controls we additionally studied cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. In peripheral blood, T cell subtypes presented a shift towards pro-inflammatory Th 1 and Th 17 cells whereas anti-inflammatory Th2 and T regulatory cells were decreased. Important players in innate immunity including distinct monocyte (Mo) and natural killer (NK) cell subtypes were changed in ALS patients compared to controls. Pro-inflammatory serum cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were increased and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was decreased. Correlation analysis revealed moderate negative correlations between Th1 and Th17 to the ALS functional rating scale revised (ALSFRS-R) and to forced vital capacity. In CSF samples, no relevant alteration of the immune profile was found. In conclusion, the immune profile in ALS was shifted towards a Th1/Th17 cell-mediated pro-inflammatory immune response and correlated to disease severity and progression. Large prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Identification of microRNAs in bovine faeces and their potential as biomarkers of Johne’s Disease
Authors: Shaughnessy Ronan G. , Farrell Damien , Stojkovic Bojan , Browne John A. , Kenny Kevin , Gordon Stephen V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExtracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are detectable in the peripheral blood and have been touted as potential biomarkers for a range of maladies. The presence and biomarker potential of miRNAs in other biofluids has been less thoroughly explored, particularly in the veterinary realm. Faecal miRNAs are a case in point; while they have been identified largely in rodents and humans, they have not been reported in cattle but may have prognostic or diagnostic value for Johne’s Disease (JD) in cattle, a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the ileum caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). The aim of this study was thus to characterise the bovine faecal miRNome and to determine the utility of these transcripts as biomarkers for JD. Real-time PCR arrays consisting of 752 miRNA targets, optimised for detection of human miRNA, were used to screen RNA purified from faecal samples obtained from confirmed JD clinical cases vs. healthy controls. Two hundred and fifty-eight miRNAs were detected in bovine faeces, three of which are potentially novel orthologs of known human miRNAs. Differential abundance of three miRNA was evident in animals with clinical JD as compared to healthy controls. Our study has therefore identified a variety of miRNAs in bovine faeces and has demonstrated their utility in differentiating healthy animals from those with late-stage JD, providing potential biomarkers for MAP infection and disease progression.
Micro-scale interactions between Arabidopsis root hairs and soil particles influence soil erosion
Authors: De Baets Sarah , Denbigh Thomas D. G. , Smyth Kevin M. , Eldridge Bethany M. , Weldon Laura , Higgins Benjamin , Matyjaszkiewicz Antoni , Meersmans Jeroen , Larson Emily R. , Chenchiah Isaac V. , Liverpool Tanniemola B. , Quine Timothy A. , Grierson Claire S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSoil is essential for sustaining life on land. Plant roots play a crucial role in stabilising soil and minimising erosion, although these mechanisms are still not completely understood. Consequently, identifying and breeding for plant traits to enhance erosion resistance is challenging. Root hair mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana were studied using three different quantitative methods to isolate their effect on root-soil cohesion. We present compelling evidence that micro-scale interactions of root hairs with surrounding soil increase soil cohesion and reduce erosion. Arabidopsis seedlings with root hairs were more difficult to detach from soil, compost and sterile gel media than those with hairless roots, and it was 10-times harder to erode soil from roots with than without hairs. We also developed a model that can consistently predict the impact root hairs make to soil erosion resistance. Our study thus provides new insight into the mechanisms by which roots maintain soil stability.
The nature of ferromagnetism in the chiral helimagnet Cr1/3NbS2
Authors: Sirica N. , Vilmercati P. , Bondino F. , Pis I. , Nappini S. , Mo S. -K. , Fedorov A. V. , Das P. K. , Vobornik I. , Fujii J. , Li L. , Sapkota D. , Parker D. S. , Mandrus D. G. , Mannella N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe chiral helimagnet Cr1/3NbS2 hosts exotic spin textures, whose influence on the magneto-transport properties make this material an ideal candidate for future spintronic applications. To date, the interplay between macroscopic magnetic and transport degrees of freedom is believed to result from a reduction in carrier scattering following spin order. Here, we present electronic structure measurements across the helimagnetic transition temperature TC that challenges this view. We show that the Fermi surface is comprised of strongly hybridized Nb- and Cr-derived electronic states, and that spectral weight close to the Fermi level increases anomalously as the temperature is lowered below TC. These findings are rationalized on the basis of first principle density functional theory calculations, which reveal a large nearest-neighbor exchange energy, suggesting the interaction between local spin moments and hybridized Nb- and Cr-derived itinerant states to go beyond the perturbative interaction of Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida, suggesting instead a mechanism rooted in a Hund’s exchange interaction.
Automatic recognition and location system for electric vehicle charging port in complex environment
Authors: Pan Mingqiang , Sun Cheng , Liu Jizhu , Wang Yangjun 
Published: April 2020

This study proposes an automatic recognition and location system of electric vehicle charging port with application to automatic charging. The system obtains the charging port posture through image processing, and performs the insertion motion in combination with the robot arm to complete the charging gun insertion of the automatic charging link. The framework of the system is mainly divided into three parts, recognition, location and insertion. In the charging port recognition, the convolutional neural network‐based method is used, and the recognition success rate is up to 98.9% under the light intensity of 4000 lux; in the location of the charging port, the method of solving the pose based on the circle feature is adopted. The average value of the position error is within 1.4 mm, and the average value of the attitude angle error is within 1.6°, which meets the accuracy requirement of the insertion experiment; in the charging gun insertion, the motion of the robot is planned by interpolation algorithm. The lower limit of the successful insertion is about 135 lux and the upper limit is about 9350 lux.
CAD-CAP: a 25,000-image database serving the development of artificial intelligence for capsule endoscopy
Authors: Leenhardt Romain , Li Cynthia , Le Mouel Jean-Philippe , Rahmi Gabriel , Saurin Jean Christophe , Cholet Franck , Boureille Arnaud , Amiot Xavier , Delvaux Michel , Duburque Clotilde , Leandri Chloé , Gérard Romain , Lecleire Stéphane , Mesli Farida , Nion-Larmurier Isabelle , Romain Olivier , Sacher-Huvelin Sylvie , Simon-Shane Camille , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Marteau Philippe , Histace Aymeric , Dray Xavier 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Capsule endoscopy (CE) is the preferred method for small bowel (SB) exploration. With a mean number of 50,000 SB frames per video, SBCE reading is time-consuming and tedious (30 to 60 minutes per video). We describe a large, multicenter database named CAD-CAP (Computer-Assisted Diagnosis for CAPsule Endoscopy, CAD-CAP). This database aims to serve the development of CAD tools for CE reading.
Materials and methods Twelve French endoscopy centers were involved. All available third-generation SB-CE videos (Pillcam, Medtronic) were retrospectively selected from these centers and deidentified. Any pathological frame was extracted and included in the database. Manual segmentation of findings within these frames was performed by two pre-med students trained and supervised by an expert reader. All frames were then classified by type and clinical relevance by a panel of three expert readers. An automated extraction process was also developed to create a dataset of normal, proofread, control images from normal, complete, SB-CE videos.
Results Four-thousand-one-hundred-and-seventy-four SB-CE were included. Of them, 1,480 videos (35 %) containing at least one pathological finding were selected. Findings from 5,184 frames (with their short video sequences) were extracted and delimited: 718 frames with fresh blood, 3,097 frames with vascular lesions, and 1,369 frames with inflammatory and ulcerative lesions. Twenty-thousand normal frames were extracted from 206 SB-CE normal videos. CAD-CAP has already been used for development of automated tools for angiectasia detection and also for two international challenges on medical computerized analysis.
Laparoscopy-assisted versus enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ayoub Fares , Brar Tony S. , Banerjee Debdeep , Abbas Ali M. , Wang Yu , Yang Dennis , Draganov Peter V. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is technically challenging in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) anatomy, which is increasing in frequency given the rise of obesity. Laparoscopy-assisted ERCP (LA-ERCP) and enteroscopy-assisted ERCP (EA-ERCP) are distinct approaches with their respective strengths and weaknesses. We conducted a meta-analysis comparing the procedural time, rates of success and adverse events of each method.
Patients and methods A search of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library was performed from inception to October 2018 for studies reporting outcomes of LA or EA-ERCP in patients with RYGB anatomy. Studies using single, double, ‘short’ double-balloon or spiral enteroscopy were included in the EA-ERCP arm. Outcomes of interest included procedural time, papilla identification, papilla cannulation, therapeutic success and adverse events. Therapeutic success was defined as successful completion of the originally intended diagnostic or therapeutic indication for ERCP.
Results A total of 3859 studies were initially identified using our search strategy, of which 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled rate of therapeutic success was significantly higher in LA-ERCP (97.9 %; 95 % CI: 96.7–98.7 %) with little heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0 %) when compared to EA-ERCP (73.2 %; 95 % CI: 62.5–82.6 %) with significant heterogeneity (I2: 80.2 %). Conversely, the pooled rate of adverse events was significantly higher in LA-ERCP (19.0 %; 95 % CI: 12.6–26.4 %) when compared to EA-ERCP (6.5 %; 95% CI: 3.9–9.6 %). The pooled mean procedure time for LA-ERCP was 158.4 minutes (SD ± 20) which was also higher than the mean pooled procedure time for EA-ERCP at 100.5 minutes (SD ± 19.2).
Conclusions LA-ERCP is significantly more effective than EA-ERCP in patients with RYGB but is associated with a higher rate of adverse events and longer procedural time.
A European, multicentre, observational, post-authorisation safety study of oral sulphate solution: compliance and safety
Authors: Regula Jaroslaw , Spaander Manon C.W. , Suchanek Stepan , Kornowski Anne , Perrot Valerie , Fischbach Wolfgang ,   the DUS investigators
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Oral sulphate solution (OSS) is a sulphate-based, low-volume bowel cleansing preparation taken in two doses of 500 mL, each followed by 1000mL of water or clear liquid. The primary objective of this observational study was to document compliance with the recommended hydration guidelines in a representative sample of the European population.
Patients and methods Prospective, non-interventional, multicentre study (NCT02630680, EUPAS9361) in patients prescribed OSS for colonoscopy preparation in routine clinical practice in Europe. Patients were included according to pre-agreed consecutive enrolment rules. Patients recorded the volume of OSS and water or clear liquid intake, and occurrence of adverse events (AEs). Compliance with hydration was calculated as a ratio of actual volume of water/clear liquid taken versus prescribed 2,000 mL, and non-compliance defined as < 75 % intake. Colon cleansing level was assessed on a 4-point scale.
Results Between October 2015 and January 2017, 1,281 patients were recruited in 16 centres in four European countries (safety population n = 1,206; registry population n = 1,177). Of patients, 94.5 % were ≥ 75 % and 86.8 % 100 % compliant with hydration guidelines. Patients took an average of 96.8 % of the recommended OSS volume; 46 patients (3.9 %) were non-compliant. Colon cleansing levels were good-to-excellent in 87.6 % of patients. Three hundred and twenty-nine patients (27.3 %) experienced 758 treatment-related AEs, mostly gastrointestinal (82.9 %), all were mild-to-moderate. Non-compliant patients had no AEs suggestive of dehydration.
Conclusion In this non-interventional study in a real-life setting, treatment compliance with hydration guidelines was good-to-excellent in 94.5 % of patients receiving OSS. The safety profile of OSS was similar to the prescribing information. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Observational study EUPAS9361 at www.encepp.eu
Impact of observational training on endoscopic mucosal resection outcomes and competency for large colorectal polyps: single endoscopist experience
Authors: Lee Jeffrey K. , Kidambi Trilokesh D. , Kaltenbach Tonya , Bhat Yasser M. , Shergill Amandeep , McQuaid Kenneth R. , Terdiman Jonathan P. , Soetikno Roy M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is standard treatment for large colorectal polyps. However, it is a specialized technique with limited data on the effectiveness of training methods to acquire this skill. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of observational training on EMR outcomes and competency in an early-stage endoscopist.
Patients and methods A single endoscopist completed comprehensive EMR training, which included knowledge acquisition and direct observation of EMR cases, and proctored supervision, during the third year of gastroenterology fellowship. After training, EMR was independently attempted on 142 consecutive, large (i. e., ≥ 20 mm), non-pedunculated colorectal polyps between July 2014 and December 2017 (mean age 61.7 years; mean polyp size 30.4 mm; en-bloc resection 55 %). Surveillance colonoscopy for evaluation of residual neoplasia was available for 86 % of the cases. Three primary outcomes were evaluated: endoscopic assessment of complete resection, rate of adverse events (AEs), and rate of residual neoplasia on surveillance colonoscopy.
Results Complete endoscopic resection was achieved in 93 % of cases, the rates of AEs and residual neoplasia were 7.8 % and 7.3 %, respectively. The rate of complete resection remained stable (at 85 % or greater) with increasing experience while rates of AEs and residual neoplasia peaked and decreased after 60 cases.
Conclusions An early-stage endoscopist can acquire the skills to perform effective EMR after completing observational training. At least 60 independent EMRs for large colorectal polyps were required to achieve a plateau for clinically meaningful outcomes.
Glioblastoma in the Cerebellopontine Angle in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type I: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Shukairy Mohammad Kareem , Ziegler Andrea M. , Anderson Douglas E. , Leonetti John P. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain malignancy in adults and is typically in the supratentorial cerebral hemispheres. It has been reported to occur in the posterior fossa at the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), but the incidence is extremely rare.
Case Report We report a case of a patient with a history of neurofibromatosis type I (NFI) diagnosed with a GBM arising in the CPA after presenting with facial numbness and pain. Patients with NFI are known to have an increased risk of developing both benign and malignant tumors, including a propensity for brainstem gliomas. However, there is no known association between NFI and tumors of the CPA. We believe this is the first reported case of a GBM of the CPA in a patient with NFI.
Conclusion Although rare, GBM should be included in the differential diagnosis of a patient with a CPA tumor, especially in patients with increased risk of malignant pathology.
A Finite Element Analysis on Stress Distribution in Overdenture Implants and Implant Abutment Interface Using Different Attachment Systems: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Javaid Aquib , Kalra Tarun , Kumar Manjit , Bansal Ajay , Wirring Udey Singh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction The overdenture is an alternative to fixed implant-supported prosthesis for its relatively low-cost and in clinical cases where it is impossible to place multiple implants with appropriate number and arrangement in the arch to support a fixed prosthesis. In implant-supported overdentures, many attachments such as bars, ball, and magnets can be used. The anchorage system affects the retention and stability of the overdenture as well as the load transfer to the implant and the bone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the exerted stresses on implants and implant–abutment interface by comparing different attachment systems used for implant-supported maxillary and mandibular overdentures using finite-element analysis.
Materials and Methods Stress distribution in five different models with different attachments were evaluated using finite-element analysis. The studied attachment systems were Ball/O-ring and bar-clip attachments. Three models in mandible were studied, two implants with ball attachments, two implants with bar, and four implants connected with a bar. In maxilla, two models were studied, four implants with ball attachments, and four implants connected with bar. Forces were applied bilaterally on each model in the canine and molar region separately. The forces applied were 35N axially, 70N obliquely, and 10N horizontally.
Results The ball attachments models showed the highest amount of stresses on the bone and on the implants in maxilla and mandible. The bar-clip attachment with four implants showed least stress in maxilla as well as in the mandible. The bar on four implants has better stress distribution as compared with the bar on the two implants.
Interacting voices structure a text
Authors: Sawaki Tomoko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper quantitatively measures the distribution of dialogic elements across structural units in the introductory chapters of history theses with the aim of uncovering the roles of dialogic elements in constructing texts. The research was designed to test Bakhtin’s perspective on genre, which holds that viewpoints introduced into a discourse dialogise the text in such a way as to fulfil the text’s goals and structure the text. Results showed significant differences in the densities of dialogic elements across structural units; units that review previous research are highly dialogic, whereas units that present the author’s new research are seldom dialogised. Specifically, previous viewpoints tended to be dialogically endorsed in units that assert the importance of the research topic and dialogically disclaimed in units that indicated problems with previous research. The paper concludes that genre research and pedagogy need to emphasise the strategic deployment of dialogic elements that enable the successful structuring of texts. This study is intended to be one of the first methodological attempts to test the text structuring function of dialogic elements from a corpus-based investigation.
“Narcan Encounters:” Overdose and Naloxone Rescue Experiences among People who use Opioids
Authors: Kahn Linda S. , Wozniak Monika , Vest Bonnie M. , Moore Cheryll 
Published: April 2020

Background Communities across the United States are confronting the precipitous rise in opioid overdose fatalities that has occurred over the past decade. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, is a safe rescue medication that laypeople can administer to reverse an overdose. Community naloxone training programs have been well-documented. Less is known about overdose survivors’ subjective experiences with naloxone reversal and its impacts on drug use behavior. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 community-dwelling adults who had been reversed at least once with naloxone. Inductive thematic content analysis incorporating Atlas.ti software was used to identify themes. Results Four broad thematic categories were identified. (1) Overdose experience and memory: Most participants remembered taking the drugs one minute and waking up the next—sometimes in different surroundings; (2) Naloxone rescue—waking up: Participants described acute withdrawal symptoms, disorientation, and volatile emotions; (3) Reasons for overdose: Polypharmacy; changes in opioid tolerance, or presence of fentanyl were the most common explanations. (4) Impacts of naloxone rescue: A variety of contextual factors influenced participants’ responses to naloxone rescue, especially acute withdrawal symptoms. While some participants altered or tempered their opioid use, others resumed opioid use—especially to mitigate withdrawal. Participants overwhelmingly emphasized that naloxone saved their lives. Conclusion Results suggest that a naloxone rescue may not be a wake-up call for many people who use opioids, but access to naloxone is an effective overdose harm reduction option, supporting its widespread implementation. The study findings underscore the importance of ongoing community overdose prevention and harm reduction initiatives, including take-home naloxone (THN) and medication assisted treatment in the Emergency Department.