bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction and thermal behavior of vitrimer‐like polyhydroxy esters based on polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether
Authors: Cunha Rodrigo H. , Nele Marcio , Dias Marcos L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVitrimers‐like polyhydroxy esters networks were thermally synthesized from mixtures of the diepoxide monomer diglycidyl ether polyethyleneglycol (DGEPEG), citric (CA), and sebacic acids (SA), using zinc acetate in proportions of 1 to –5 mol%. as catalyst for bond exchange reactions. Reaction of DGEPEG with the acids is exothermic with enthalpy up to 326 J/g and takes place even without any catalyst. The progress of the reaction is reduced as the content of SA is increased in the formulations, but reaction enthalpy in mixtures containing 1% of Zn catalyst is higher than those with 5%mol Zn. These polyhydroxy esters networks are rubber‐like materials with Tg varying from −24 to −43°C, with formulations containing SA showing the lowest Tg values. The presence of ester and hydroxyl groups and Zn catalyst in the polymers give rise to exchange reactions similar to those shown by vitrimers. However, the increase in Zn concentration from 1% to 5%, arouses a loss of thermal stability of these materials.
Chromatic response of cationic polydiacetylene vesicles induced by permeation of target compound
Authors: Shin Min Jae , Shin Jae Sup 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA polydiacetylene vesicle was formed by sonication and UV irradiation of the diacetylene DPAI‐bis‐PCDA, which has quaternary ammonium head group. A color‐changeable detection system during permeation of the target compound from inside to outside the vesicle was prepared using this vesicle. A mixed vesicle system with DPAI‐bis‐PCDA and dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride (DODMAC) was used in this study. DODMAC was necessary to exhibit sufficient color change. Methotrexate and neomycin were used as target compounds, and the optimum ratio of DPAI‐bis‐PCDA to DODMAC for sufficient color change was determined. When MTX was used as the target compound, 6:4 was the optimum ratio, whereas it was 7:3 for neomycin.
Tunable luminescence of Eu3+‐activated CaWO4nanophosphors via Bi3+incorporation
Authors: Nayak Priyanka , Nanda Sushri Sangita , Sharma R.K. , Dash S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA series of CaWO4:3Eu3+:xBi3+(x= 2, 5, 7 and 10 at.%) nanophosphors was prepared through the efficient low‐temperature ethylene glycol route. Their structural, as well as photophysical, properties were studied. X‐ray diffraction analysis and a X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy survey confirmed that the Bi3+and Eu3+ions incorporated perfectly into Ca2+and without disturbing the lattice. The samples exhibited almost spherical morphology with average particle sizes from 10 to 30 nm. For the nanoparticles, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy featured broad absorption bands around 871 and 778 cm−1that were due to antisymmetric stretching, whereas a peak at 435 cm−1was assigned to antisymmetric bending vibrations of the bonds in [WO42−] clusters. The nanophosphors showed orange‐red luminescence, which was further tuned to red by incorporation of sensitizer Bi3+ions. This colour tuning of the nanoparticles is described in the context of energy transfer from the WO42−group to sensitizer Bi3+and activator Eu3+ions under 394 nm excitation. A CIE diagram supports this colour tunability.
The double effects of female executives' participation on corporate sustainable competitive advantage through unethical environmental behavior and proactive environmental strategy
Authors: Pan Chulin , Guo Hongpeng , Jiang Yufeng , Wang Hanying , Qi Weihong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBased on the upper echelons theory, ecofeminist theory, and natural resource‐based theory (NRBV), this study has constructed a relational model between female executives' participation, unethical environmental behavior, proactive environmental strategy, and corporate sustainable competitive advantage. The samples include a total of 496 female executives from listed 524 companies in the manufacturing sector in China, and multiple regression methods are used for the analysis. The study showed that female executives' participation had double positive effects on corporate sustainable competitive advantage, which included both the inhibiting effect on unethical environmental behavior and the stimulating effect on proactive environmental strategies. The study also explored the boundary conditions of “conservative” and “proactive” behaviors from the internal and external perspectives of enterprises. But it was shown that the effect would not be further improved when both moderation effects of environmental stakeholder pressure and environmental leadership were higher at the same time. As enterprises' behaviors should match with their capability range, radical behaviors might run counter to their desires.
Effect of local government decision‐making competition on carbon emissions: Evidence from China's three urban agglomerations
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Xu Hengzhou 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnalyzing the effect of local government decision‐making competition on regional carbon emissions is important for reducing carbon emissions in rapidly urbanizing areas. Taking the energy rebound effect into account, this study analyzes the effect on carbon emissions of competition between local governments in decision making. Focusing on China's three urban agglomerations, this study further discusses how to avoid this influence. The results show that local government decision‐making competition is one of the main causes of the regional “green paradox”; the effect of local government decision‐making competition on carbon emissions has significant regional heterogeneity and spatial dependence, and the short‐term energy rebound effect is greater than the long‐term energy rebound effect; and local government decision‐making competition has three effects on carbon emissions that also have interaction and substitution effects between them: factor market distortion, investment bias, and the “race to the bottom” of environmental policies. However, four measures can reduce the effect of local government decision‐making competition on carbon emissions: one, improving the performance evaluation system of local governments; two, promoting the marketization of factor prices; three, improving both the energy efficiency and upgrading of industrial structures; and four, introducing macro emission reduction policies that allow the central government to intervene directly.
A normal motor development in congenital hydrocephalus after Cuevas Medek Exercises as early intervention: A case report
Authors: de Oliveira Gabriela Ramires , Fabris Vidal Marcelo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCuevas Medek Exercises (CME) harnesses optimal scientific parameters for rehabilitation programs, and this may explain its neuroplastic outcomes. A normal motor development in a high risk of delay hydrocephalus case after CME as early intervention indicates it may be considered as research subject and treatment option to prevent motor delays.
High‐Performance Nitrogen Fixation over Mo Atom Modified Defective α‐MnO2 (001)
Authors: Wang Linxia , Wu Minghui , Lang Xiuyao , Gao Shan , Wang Weichao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe production of ammonia under ambient conditions through electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction is significant but challenging. The lack of an available active NRR electrocatalyst with a high selectivity impedes the development of the electrochemical ammonia synthesis. In this work, via first‐principles density functional theory calculations, we investigated various transition metal atoms (Fe, Cr, V, and Mo) substitution modified defective (with an oxygen vacancy) α‐MnO2 (001) as NRR electrocatalyst. It was found that the incorporation of a single Mo atom substituent at Mn site of α‐MnO2 (001) shows the best performance of nitrogen fixation through enzymatic mechanism with a favorable limiting potential of −0.14 V. The superior selectivity for NH3 over H2 is observed with high Faradaic efficiency of 99 %. The
‐like characteristics of occupied states around the Fermi level of Mo active center maximizes the p‐d orbital hybridization and thus promotes the stabilities of *N2 and *N2H, which leads to the superior NRR performance. These findings provide theoretical guidance to the development of highly efficient NRR electrocatalysts via defect engineering.
Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy applied to the rapid identification of different types of polyethylene used for toy manufacturing
Authors: Costa Vinicius Câmara , Pereira Fabíola Manhas Verbi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe identification of plastics is of great importance to recycling companies, as the littering of plastic wastes has rapidly increased because of the extensive use of plastics. To maintain the economics of recycling extremely large volumes of waste materials, rapid and accurate identification of these plastics is crucial. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in the rapid identification of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) used for toy manufacturing. For data analysis of the LIBS spectra, multivariate data analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized. The analyses of the data clearly showed that the elemental and molecular information obtained from LIBS is effective in the identification of three types of polyethylene. The proposed method was successfully applied and can be used as an alternative to the traditional methods used for analyses of plastics.
A Hexabenzocoronene‐Based Helical Nanographene
Authors: Martin Max M. , Hampel Frank , Jux Norbert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA synthetic route towards a novel hexabenzocoronene‐based helical nanographene motif was developed. A hexaphenylbenzene precursor was therefore designed, which cannot undergo, due to steric restrictions, a complete planarization reaction. This precursor was transformed under oxidative cyclodehydrogenation conditions to a π‐extended [5]helicene, which was fully characterized including X‐ray diffraction analysis.
A State‐of‐the‐Art Heterogeneous Catalyst for Efficient and General Nitrile Hydrogenation
Authors: Formenti Dario , Mocci Rita , Atia Hanan , Dastgir Sarim , Anwar Muhammad , Bachmann Stephan , Scalone Michelangelo , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCobalt‐doped hybrid materials consisting of metal oxides and carbon derived from chitin were prepared, characterized and tested for industrially relevant nitrile hydrogenations. The optimal catalyst supported onto MgO showed, after pyrolysis at 700 °C, magnesium oxide nanocubes decorated with carbon‐enveloped Co nanoparticles. This special structure allows for the selective hydrogenation of diverse and demanding nitriles to the corresponding primary amines under mild conditions (e.g. 70 °C, 20 bar H2). The advantage of this novel catalytic material is showcased for industrially important substrates, including adipodinitrile, picolinonitrile, and fatty acid nitriles. Notably, the developed system outperformed all other tested commercial catalysts, for example, Raney Nickel and even noble‐metal‐based systems in these transformations.
Designing a resource‐stratified, phased implementation strategy for breast health care services in India
Authors: Kumar Somesh , Srivastava Ashish , Srivastava Ashish Kumar , Srivastava Vineet , Nair Tapas Sadasivan , Usmanova Gulnoza , Singh Ravikant , Sood Bulbul , Ginsburg Ophira 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundBreast cancer is the most common cancer among women in India. Jhpiego, a not‐for‐profit health organization, is providing technical assistance for developing an evidence‐based model of breast health care in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand in India.MethodsA situational assessment of breast health care services using validated tools was conducted in the 2 states.ResultsFindings of the assessment were presented to the Breast Health Technical Advisory Committee comprised of subject experts and government functionaries. The committee, guided by Breast Health Global Initiative resource‐stratified guidelines, developed a conceptual framework for integration of breast health services into the existing health system. This conceptual framework was presented to the Technical Advisory Groups (TAGs) of the respective state governments. Each TAG then developed an operationally feasible, contextually appropriate implementation plan in alignment with the national guidelines for noncommunicable diseases. This implementation plan guided the rollout of the breast health care program in the Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) and Ranchi (Jharkhand) districts.ConclusionsEarly results from the implementation suggest that it is feasible to integrate the breast health care pathway with the ongoing National Cancer Control Program of India.
Fluorescent Tricyclic Cytidine Analogues as Substrates for Retroviral Reverse Transcriptases
Authors: Turner M. Benjamin , Purse Byron W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report on the ability of the reverse transcriptases (RTs) from avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), Moloney murine leukemia virus (M‐MLV), and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV‐1) to generate labeled DNA using the fluorescent tricyclic cytidine analogues d(tC)TP and d(DEAtC)TP as substrates. Michaelis‐Menten kinetics for the insertion of these analogues show Vmax/KM from 0.09–5 times that of natural dCTP across from G, depending on the polymerase and whether the template is RNA or DNA. The analogues are prone to misinsertion across from adenosine with both RNA and DNA templates. Elongation after analogue insertion is efficient with RNA templates, but the analogues cause stalling after insertion with DNA templates. A model reverse transcription assay using HIV‐1‐RT, including RNA‐dependent DNA synthesis, degradation of the RNA template by the RT's RNase H activity, and synthesis of a second DNA strand to form fluorescently labeled dsDNA, shows that d(tC)TP and d(DEAtC)TP are compatible with a complete reverse transcription cycle in vitro.
Intraguild dynamics of understudied carnivores in a human‐altered landscape
Authors: Easter Tara , Bouley Paola , Carter Neil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMesocarnivores constitute a diverse and often abundant group of species, which are increasingly occupying hweigher trophic levels within multi‐use landscapes. Yet, we know relatively little about their interactions with each other, especially in human‐altered areas. Using camera trap data collected in a forestry concession in the Greater Gorongosa ecosystem of central Mozambique, we examined the spatiotemporal relationships and potential for intraguild competition among three understudied African carnivores: African civets (Civettictis civetta), bushy‐tailed mongooses (Bdeogale crassicauda), and large‐spotted genets (Genetta maculata). After accounting for habitat preferences and tolerance to anthropogenic factors, we found that African civets and bushy‐tailed mongooses avoid each other spatially and temporally. Additionally, civets and mongooses were also both more likely to use sites farther away from human settlements, possibly decreasing the total available habitat for each species if competition is driving this spatial partitioning. In contrast, we did not find evidence for spatial or temporal partitioning between large‐spotted genets and African civets, but bushy‐tailed mongooses altered their activity patterns where they co‐occurred with genets. Our study contributes to scant ecological knowledge of these mesocarnivores and adds to our understanding of community dynamics in human‐altered ecosystems.
Spine and dine: A key defensive trait promotes ecological success in spiny ants
Authors: Blanchard Benjamin D. , Nakamura Akihiro , Cao Min , Chen Stephanie T. , Moreau Corrie S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA key focus of ecologists is explaining the origin and maintenance of morphological diversity and its association with ecological success. We investigate potential benefits and costs of a common and varied morphological trait, cuticular spines, for foraging behavior, interspecific competition, and predator–prey interactions in naturally co‐occurring spiny ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Polyrhachis) in an experimental setting. We expect that a defensive trait like spines might be associated with more conspicuous foraging, a greater number of workers sent out to forage, and potentially increased competitive ability. Alternatively, consistent with the ecological trade‐off hypothesis, we expect that investment in spines for antipredator defense might be negatively correlated with these other ecological traits. We find little evidence for any costs to ecological traits, instead finding that species with longer spines either outperform or do not differ from species with shorter spines for all tested metrics, including resource discovery rate and foraging effort as well as competitive ability and antipredator defense. Spines appear to confer broad antipredator benefits and serve as a form of defense with undetectable costs to key ecological abilities like resource foraging and competitive ability, providing an explanation for both the ecological success of the study genus and the large number of evolutionary origins of this trait across all ants. This study also provides a rare quantitative empirical test of ecological effects related to a morphological trait in ants.
Disturbances drive changes in coral community assemblages and coral calcification capacity
Authors: Courtney Travis A. , Barnes Brian B. , Chollett Iliana , Elahi Robin , Gross Kevin , Guest James R. , Kuffner Ilsa B. , Lenz Elizabeth A. , Nelson Hannah R. , Rogers Caroline S. , Toth Lauren T. , Andersson Andreas J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic environmental change has increased coral reef disturbance regimes in recent decades, altering the structure and function of many coral reefs globally. In this study, we used coral community survey data collected from 1996 to 2015 to evaluate reef‐scale coral calcification capacity (CCC) dynamics with respect to recorded pulse disturbances for 121 reef sites in the Main Hawaiian Islands and Mo'orea (French Polynesia) in the Pacific and the Florida Keys Reef Tract and St. John (U.S. Virgin Islands) in the western Atlantic. CCC remained relatively high in the Main Hawaiian Islands in the absence of recorded widespread disturbances; declined and subsequently recovered in Mo'orea following a crown‐of‐thorns sea star outbreak, coral bleaching, and major cyclone; decreased and remained low following coral bleaching in the Florida Keys Reef Tract; and decreased following coral bleaching and disease in St. John. Individual coral taxa have variable calcification rates and susceptibility to disturbances because of their differing life‐history strategies. As a result, temporal changes in CCC in this study were driven by shifts in both overall coral cover and coral community composition. Analysis of our results considering coral life‐history strategies showed that weedy corals generally increased their contributions to CCC over time while the contribution of competitive corals decreased. Shifts in contributions by stress‐tolerant and generalist corals to CCC were more variable across regions. The increasing frequency and intensity of disturbances under 21st century global change therefore has the potential to drive lower and more variable CCC because of the increasing dominance of weedy and some stress‐tolerant corals.
Activating genomic alterations in the Gs alpha gene (GNAS) in 274 694 tumors
Authors: Tirosh Amit , Jin Dexter X. , De Marco Luiz , Laitman Yael , Friedman Eitan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractActivating point mutations in two codons (R201 and Q227) in the alpha subunit of the stimulatory GTP binding protein (GNAS) gene—coined gsp mutations—were originally reported in growth hormone secreting pituitary adenomas. In these tumor types, gsp activating mutations were associated with uncontrolled intracellular cAMP accumulation leading to cellular proliferation and tumor formation. Since the original description of gsp mutations in pituitary and later thyroid neoplasia, many more tumors were genotyped for these specific activating mutations. In this paradigm, GNAS is an oncogene that can be activated by other molecular mechanisms, such as DNA amplification and translocation. Herein, we describe the largest account to date of tumor types that harbor pathogenic GNAS genomic alterations (GAs) including the “classical” gsp activating point mutations, delineate some common features of these tumors, and speculate as to the possible mechanisms whereby GNAS activating GAs are associated with the various stages of tumorigenesis.
A latent class approach to inequity in health using biomarker data
Authors: Carrieri Vincenzo , Davillas Apostolos , Jones Andrew M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe adopt an empirical approach to analyse, measure and decompose inequality of opportunity (IOp) in health, based on a latent class model. This addresses some of the limitations that affect earlier work in this literature concerning the definition of types, such as partial observability, the ad hoc selection of circumstances, the curse of dimensionality and unobserved type‐specific heterogeneity that may lead to biased estimates of IOp. We apply our latent class approach to measure IOp in allostatic load, a composite measure of biomarker data. Using data from Understanding Society: The UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), we find that a latent class model with three latent types best fits the data, with the corresponding types characterised in terms of differences in their observed circumstances. Decomposition analysis shows that about two thirds of the total inequalities in allostatic load can be attributed to the direct and indirect contribution of circumstances and that the direct contribution of effort is small. Further analysis conditional on age–sex groups reveals that the relative (percentage) contribution of circumstances to the total inequalities remains mostly unaffected and the direct contribution of effort remains small.
Considerations for head and neck oncology practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic: Wuhan and Toronto experience
Authors: Wu Vincent , Noel Christopher W. , Forner David , Zhang Zhi‐Jian , Higgins Kevin M. , Enepekides Danny J. , Lee John M. , Witterick Ian J. , Kim John J. , Waldron John N. , Irish Jonathan C. , Hua Qing‐Quan , Eskander Antoine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe practices of head and neck surgical oncologists must evolve to meet the unprecedented needs placed on our health care system by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Guidelines are emerging to help guide the provision of head and neck cancer care, though in practice, it can be challenging to operationalize such recommendations. Head and neck surgeons at Wuhan University faced significant challenges in providing care for their patients. Similar challenges were faced by the University of Toronto during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic in 2003. Herein, we outline our combined experience and key practical considerations for maintaining an oncology service in the midst of a pandemic.
Tobacco use and vaping in the COVID‐19 era
Authors: Singh Arjun Gurmeet , Chaturvedi Pankaj 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHealth crises have become a popular topic of discussion. In the wave of the ongoing pandemic, experts have suggested the role of vaping and other tobacco product use exemplifying the vulnerability of the population to contract the COVID‐19. We discuss some of the events that led up to these conclusions and also offer a unique insight into another form of tobacco use that is potentially propagating its spread especially in the South Asian region—chewed tobacco. Both of these have been a perennial issue that head and neck cancer surgeons have been dealing with. Governments and head and neck cancer care providers now have an opportunity to deal with a common enemy in the midst of this pandemic.