bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FUTURE EDUCATION FOR KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS
Authors: MAHMOUD Ban Ismail 
Published: December 2020

Future education or the vision of the future ineducation is that it occupies abasic position in the process of change that have aclear impact on his future, so it is the pracess of future orientalism, and a process inherent to the individual since the beginning of creation, so future eduction and its dimensions for the development and education is considered basic. Education,whether as variable for societal trans formation or aprimry driver for this trans formation is byvirtue of its role and nature the most vulnerable aspects of Socity to changes that the future entails and the challenges it imposes will necessanily bring about violent changes in the education system its philosophy, its role and its institutions meathods and methods. The cldrrent researchaims to identify; 1.	Dimensions of future eduation for kindergarten teachers To achive the goals; 1.1.	The res carcher did the folloing; 1.1.1.	The future Education Dimensions scale (Ryoosh) 2019 was adopted, consisting of (46) paragrafs. The researcher vesified the distinct strength. And internal consistenay the results of the concluded that 1.	Kindergarten teachers to not have the scientific and future dimesion as. The difference was not statistically significant the researcher recom mended som recommedations; 1.	The role of the ministry of Education to encourage and streng than kindergarden techers by providing allrequirements and faci that help themin educationg children. 2.	Working to pay attention to all future dimensions of female teacher. The researcher reached some suggestions; 1.	Asimilar study on university. Students in all majors and for both sexes, males males – females. 2.	A study aimed at building aprogram to develop the scientific and future dimension of kindergarten teachers. Keywords: Kindergarten, Dimensions of Education, Parameters and Education.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Audit Mutu Internal Berbasis IAPS 4.0
Authors: Widiantoro Suryo , Yodi Yodi 
Published: December 2020

Salah satu sistem akademik dalam dunia pendidikan khususnya Perguruan Tinggi yaitu Audit Mutu Internal (AMI). AMI yang dikoordinir oleh Lembaga Penjaminan Mutu (LPM) dalam suatu perguruan tinggi mendukung terwujudnya nilai perguruan tinggi dalam bentuk akreditasi. Tujuan dari kegiatan AMI yaitu untuk memastikan aktivitas didalam perguruan tinggi sesuai dengan standar yang ditetapkan sebagai proses untuk menerapkan budaya mutu perguruan tinggi. Aktivitas yang berlangsung tidak terlepas dari pelayanan yang diberikan kepada para konsumen seperti mahasiswa, stakeholder dan alumni baik secara akademik dan non akademik. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka rancang bangun sistem AMI berbasis Instrumen Akreditasi Program Studi (IAPS) 4.0 sangat penting untuk mendukung dan mempermudah dalam melakukan evaluasi terhadap kebijakan pelayanan yang diberikan untuk menjamin kepuasan konsumen. Pendekatan rancang bangun yang digunakan yaitu Unified Modelling Language (UML) sebagai model rancangan yang menggambarkan secara jelas mengenai aspek sistem dengan pengembangan sesuai kebutuhan yang lebih sederhana.
Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Pengembangan Karir terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Berkah Cemerlang di Jakarta
Authors: Sunarsi Denok , Akbar Irfan Rizka , Prasada Dodi , Kristianti Lily Setyawati , Muliani Henita Sri , Anjayani Nidya Sri , Hendra Hendra 
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi dan pengembangan karir terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Berkah Cemerlang di Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah explanatory research dengan teknik analisis menggunakan analisis statistik dengan pengujian regresi, korelasi, determinasi dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini kompetensi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan sebesar 53,7%, uji hipotesis diperoleh t hitung > t tabel atau (7,616 > 2,009). Pengembangan karir berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan sebesar 45,1%, uji hipotesis diperoleh t hitung > t tabel atau (6,408 > 2,009). Kompetensi dan pengembangan karir secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan persamaan regresi Y = 7,939 + 0,417X1 + 0,390X2 dan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 63,4%, uji hipotesis diperoleh F hitung > F tabel atau (42,449 > 2,790).
Quantitative Mineral Mapping of Drill Core Surfaces II: Long-Wave Infrared Mineral Characterization UsingμXRF and Machine Learning
Authors: Barker Rocky D. , Barker Shaun L.L. , Cracknell Matthew J. , Stock Elizabeth D. , Holmes Geoffrey 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLong-wave infrared (LWIR) spectra can be interpreted using a Random Forest machine learning approach to predict mineral species and abundances. In this study, hydrothermally altered carbonate rock core samples from the Fourmile Carlin-type Au discovery, Nevada, were analyzed by LWIR and micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF). Linear programming-derived mineral abundances from quantified μXRF data were used as training data to construct a series of Random Forest regression models. The LWIR Random Forest models produced mineral proportion estimates with root mean square errors of 1.17 to 6.75% (model predictions) and 1.06 to 6.19% (compared to quantitative X-ray diffraction data) for calcite, dolomite, kaolinite, white mica, phlogopite, K-feldspar, and quartz. These results are comparable to the error of proportion estimates from linear spectral deconvolution (±7–15%), a commonly used spectral unmixing technique. Having a mineralogical and chemical training data set makes it possible to identify and quantify mineralogy and provides a more robust and meaningful LWIR spectral interpretation than current methods of utilizing a spectral library or spectral end-member extraction. Using the method presented here, LWIR spectroscopy can be used to overcome the limitations inherent with the use of short-wave infrared (SWIR) in fine-grained, low reflectance rocks. This new approach can be applied to any deposit type, improving the accuracy and speed of infrared data interpretation.
Status of Aqua Drugs Applied in Freshwater Aquaculture of Moulvibazar District, Bangladesh
Authors: Singha Suranjit , Sultana Tasnim , Rima Nazmun Naher , Hasan Md. Robiul , Habib Ahsan 
Published: December 2020

Aims: Our study aimed to assess the current situation of accessibility and the use of various chemicals and medicines in freshwater aquaculture.
Methodology: A questionnaire interview survey was conducted among 14 aquaculture farms and 23 aqua chemical retailers.
Results: Due to easy availability, farmers used large quantities of lime and cow dung to prepare ponds and manage water quality. Beside these rotenone, zeolite gold, acme’s zeolite, aqua kleen, urea and TSP (triple super phosphate) are also found. Timsen, polgard-plus, deltix, virex, magic-fos and pond-safe were mostly used as a disinfectant. Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) disease was found predominantly in the farmer's pond. For disease treatment, renamycine soluble powder (oxy tetracycline) was used, 32% farmers. Two oxygen suppliers oxy gold and oxy life were used to increase oxygen concentration. Among 11 types of growth promoters were found in chemical shops in which charger gel and rapid grow were mostly used. Most farmers use gas trap and gasonex plus as gas reducer.
Conclusions: There are mostly six categories of 48 aqua drugs and chemicals are observed and treated for health monitoring of fish and shellfish. Due to lack of knowledge concerning the proper dosage and procedure of using chemicals, technique of application and indiscriminate practice of chemicals etc. are common problems of aqua drugs in Moulvibazar district.
Survey of HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Behavior-Risk among in-School Adolescents and Youths in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Chizoba A. F. , Chineke H. N. , Adogu P. O. U. 
Published: December 2020

Adolescents and youths are at high risk due to knowledge gap and behavior risks related to HIV.
Despite the well-known need for protection from HIV infections and other reproductive health risks, being an adolescent coupled with social and economic status could limit access to information and services. This is a study to ascertain the HIV/AIDS Knowledge and behaviour-risk among in-school adolescents and youths in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
It is a descriptive cross-sectional study involving1831 in-school adolescents selected by multi-stage sampling technique.
Females showed higher knowledge at 52.2±20.1 than males at 47.5±20.3 (p<0.001). Also the urban youths had higher knowledge (47.1±20.8) than rural schools (41.3±20.3). Conversely, males displayed higher behaviour risk at 44.8±24.5 than the female at 39.9±24.6 (p<0.001). Highest behaviour risk was observed in age group 16-20 years (51.2±25.8). Schools in urban setting had higher behaviour risk (56.1±25.5) than rural schools (41.3±23.7), while knowledge of HIV transmission was highest as 63.8% of the respondent scored ≥50 in 5 HIV questions on knowledge of transmission. Also 48% (370) of the 778 participants who ever had sex had used condom while 50% (915/1831) of the study population were willing to abstain from sex till marriage.
There is a strong need for appropriate regular and intensified HIV/AIDS risk reduction interventions to capture the attention of youths especially males, and to ensure sustainable and effective outcomes in secondary schools of Ebonyi state Nigeria.
FTIR Spectroscopy and Optical Density Characterization of Humic Substances Extracted from Reclaimed Alkali Soils under Different Tillage and Management Practices
Authors: Suman Shiva N. , Ahmed Nayan , Kumar Vipin , Datta Samar C. , Manjaiah K. M. , Kumar Rajesh , Kumari Vandana , Laik Ranjan , Das T. K. 
Published: December 2020

In the present investigation, different tillage and management practices interventions were assessed to note the changes in the composition of humic substances using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques, optical density (E4/E6) measurement and elemental composition of humic acid. One uncultivated and four reclaimed alkali surface (0-0.15 m) soil samples after adoption of four years different tillage and management practices were collected from Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal. Optical density (E4/E6) of fulvic acid was higher than that of humic acid. This was due to the more condensed and more matured nature of humic acid than fulvic acid. The trend of E4/E6 ratio was farmers practices in rice-fallow-wheat cropping system with puddled rice and conventional tillage wheat without crop residue addition (FP in R-F-W) > integrated crop and resource management in rice-wheat-mungbean cropping system (ICRM in R-W-M)> futuristic and diversified (CA) based system of maize-wheat-mungbean cropping system (FDCA in M-W-M) >UnK> Conservation agriculture (CA) based system in rice-wheat-mungbean cropping system (CA in R-W-M). The highest stability was recorded in CA in R-W-M and the lowest in FP in R-F-W. Elemental composition of extracted humic acid revealed that carbon content in humic acid varied from 47.53% in uncultivated soils to 51.32% in ICRM in R-W-M. The nitrogen content in humic acid varied from 4.38% in FDCA in M-W-M to 4.89% in CA in R-W-M. Soils having the lowest C/N value was observed 10.03 in CA in R-W-M and the highest C/N ratio of value 11.72 was recorded in FDCA in M-W-M. Wave no. (cm-1) & proposed functional group of extracted humic acid revealed that FTIR peak at 1507-1508 cm-1 in CA in R-W-M, aromatic -C=C- peak was absent in FDCA in M-W-M and in FP in R-F-W it was replaced by aliphatic C-H stretch.
Total Amylase Value in Drains After Gastrectomy for Predicting Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula
Authors: Sugawara Toshitaka , Shinohara Hisashi , Haruta Shusuke , Shindoh Junichi , Ueno Masaki , Udagawa Harushi 
Published: December 2020

Objective
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is defined using the ratio of the amylase concentration in abdominal drainage fluid to the upper normal range of serum amylase level. However, we hypothesized that the total amylase value in discharge (AVD) on postoperative day (POD) 3 may be more sensitive for predicting grade II or higher severe POPF (sPOPF) and compared the predictive power of the conventional definition of POPF and AVD for sPOPF.

Methods
One hundred fifty-one patients who underwent gastrectomy between October 2011 and February 2013 were analyzed. A drainage tube was placed in all the cases through the stump of the right gastroepiploic vein and the front of the pancreas to the back of the anastomotic site. The drainage volume and amylase concentration in the discharge were examined on POD 1, 3, and 5. AVD was calculated by multiplying the volume by the amylase concentration.

Results
Eight patients (5.3%) developed sPOPF. In univariate analysis, both AVD and the amylase concentration ratio was significantly correlated with sPOPF (P = 0.002 and 0.007, respectively). AVD on POD 3 showed the best predictive performance compared with the amylase concentration ratio on POD 3 (area under the curve 0.876 versus 0.844). Based on the cutoff values calculated from the receiver operating characteristic curves, AVD was more specific than amylase concentration ratio in predicting sPOPF (specificity: 97.6% versus 86.0%; positive predictive value: 62.5% vs. 23.1%).

Conclusion
AVD on POD 3 is a more specific parameter than conventional amylase concentration ratio in predicting sPOPF.
Literature Review: Disability Evaluation
Authors: Talmage James B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Third Edition, exclusively used the Range of Motion (ROM) Model to rate motion of the spine. The fourth edition requires the additional use of an inclinometer and also indicates that the Injury Model is the primary method for evaluating the spine; the ROM Model can be used as the differentiator or tie breaker. The ROM and the Injury Models cannot be used interchangeably, and the final rating always should be based on the Injury Model, not the ROM Model. One of the goals of changing the evaluation method is to create a more reproducible rating system. Because the Injury Model uses only objective findings present at the time of examination or found in the record, it is more reproducible. A further difference between the Injury and ROM Models is that in the former the examining physician rates the results of the injury, not the results of the treatment. The AMA Guides also requires that the patient's condition be stable—ie, not likely to change for one year. In the spine, the results of the injury, not the treatment, are rated, and often this can be done within several days of the injury.
Impairment Tutorial: Rating Cranial Nerve and Spinal Cord Disorders
Authors: Direnfeld Lorne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, discusses rating cranial nerve and spinal cord impairments. Evaluation of impairment of the cranial nerves is based on clinical neurological assessment, and many cranial nerves also are addressed in other chapters of the AMA Guides (eg, the visual system or the ear, nose, and throat). With respect to cranial nerve I, an impairment estimate associated with anosmia or parosmia should be given only if this significantly interferes with daily activities. For cranial nerve II, the AMA Guides recommends ophthalmologic testing of visual fields and best correction. For cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, the reader is referred to section 8.3, and, for cranial nerve V, the AMA Guides provides a method of determining impairment associated with trigeminal neuralgia. A table provides data regarding impairment for conditions that affect the seventh cranial (facial) nerve; sensory loss related to the facial nerve does not interfere with activities of daily living. Auditory impairment (cranial nerve VIII) is rated according to criteria in the ear, nose, throat, and related structures chapter, including tinnitus. Cranial nerves IX, X, XI, and XII are involved in breathing, swallowing, speaking, and some visceral functions, and ratings criteria are presented. In terms of spinal cord impairments, the AMA Guides divides pathology into six categories: station and gait; use of the upper extremities; respiration; urinary bladder function; anorectal function; and sexual function.
Literature Review
Authors: Talmage James B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Functional capacity testing typically involves musculoskeletal evaluations using instruments such as inclinometers, goniometers, range-of-motion machines, and strength analyzers. Depending on the organ system to be tested, a variety of tests are available to assess physiological competency (eg, liver function or renal function tests). The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CP Ex test) is one test that defines work capacity and addresses the two primary issues necessary for muscle movement: the adequacy of the cardiac output and that of the lungs to acquire oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide. A normal test requires correct functioning in five organ systems: the heart, the lungs, the hematopoietic system, the vascular system, and the muscles. The CP Ex test can discriminate between individuals with poor exercise capacity caused by hyperventilation, obesity, or malingering. The CP Ex test is not required when one is rating impairments according the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, but the test may help physicians understand the basis for decreased exercise tolerance, thereby facilitating the impairment rating process. Finally, the CP Ex text is useful for assessing functional capacity but does not address all the physiologic, anatomic, and functional issues—no single test can do so—but the CP Ex test provides a very adequate way to address an individual's functional capacity.
Post-Operative Backs: Common Impairment Rating Scenarios (Part II)
Authors: Talmage James B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article continues the discussion from the previous issue regarding common impairment rating scenarios for individuals who have had back surgery: Scenario 6) What is the impairment rating for an individual who has had a spinal fusion operation? 7) What is the impairment rating for an individual who has pre-existing spondylolisthesis, has a back strain injury, and undergoes a spinal fusion operation? 8) What is the impairment rating of an individual with spinal fracture(s) who has been treated by spinal fusion? 9) What about surgical complications? The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) notes that, following the Injury Model, surgery to treat an impairment does not modify the original impairment estimate. Major postoperative complications such as myocardial infarction and deep venous thrombosis are covered by most workers’ compensation systems; thus they should be rated, and the rating should be combined with the rating for the injury. The article discusses ratings for arachnoiditis; discitis; bowel, bladder, and sexual impairment; pseudarthrosis following attempted fusion; and chronic pain syndrome (note that it is never appropriate to rate an individual for both a spinal injury and chronic pain syndrome). The AMA Guides recognizes that rating spinal impairment is challenging and may change over time.
Tools and Resources: Lower Extremity Conditions: Combination vs Duplication
Authors: Lea Randall , Shaw William 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article discusses uses of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) in Australia and New Zealand. In addition to its use in the United States, the AMA Guides also is used in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and some European countries such as Ireland, the Netherlands, and Norway. Use of the AMA Guides varies from country to country, depending on local workers’ compensation or personal injury legislation. In Australia, the AMA Guides is used in various state systems, but the editions used or recommended may differ. Often, cases in which the impairment predates December 1988 (when the current Commonwealth Workers’ Compensation Act became effective) are assessed in terms of the AMA Guides, Fourth Edition. Although many physicians use the Fourth Edition, others refer to the Table of Disabilities (Div 4/S66 of the New South Wales Workers’ Compensation Act) and Victoria prefers the AMA Guides, Second Edition. At the federal level, Australia has adopted the Guide to the Assessment of the Degree of Permanent Impairment (1989 but under revision at the time of writing). In New Zealand, the Accident Compensation Commission officially adopted use of the AMA Guides, Fourth Edition, in 1997.
Instability of the Wrist
Authors: Cohen Mark S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Wrist trauma can disrupt the ligamentous support between the carpal bones, leading to instability of the carpus and pain, loss of motion, and loss of function. The most common patter of wrist instability is scapholunate instability that results from a fall on the outstretched hand, possibly with twisting motion. The second most common carpal instability pattern is that between the triquetrum and the lunate, termed lunotriquetral instability. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment directs physicians to use frontal and lateral roentgenographic projections of the wrist to evaluate carpal instabilities and to rate impairment as mild, moderate, or severe. Carpal height can be used to assess impairment. Carpal translation is a medial or lateral translation of the entire carpus on the forearm (radius and ulna). Arthritic changes also can impair wrist stability and are seen roentgenographically as loss of joint space in the wrist. The degree of carpal instability lies on a continuum of loss of carpal bone support and amount of collapse, and, although little absolute difference exists between a 28-degree radiolunate angle and a 31-degree measurement, these two measurements yield different impairment ratings. Also, some forms of instability (eg, dynamic carpal instability) appear roentgenographically if the wrist is stressed, and examiners have freedom to assign impairment without reproducible, objective measures.
Impairment Tutorial: The Combined Values Chart
Authors: Brigham Christopher R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Impairment values are more often combined than added, and the Combined Values Chart in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment can be used to calculate the combined value of two numbers. The values are derived from the formula A + B(1 – A) = the combined value of A and B, where A and B are the decimal equivalents of the impairment ratings. This mathematically prevents an estimate of impairment greater than 100%. With smaller numbers, the combined value may equal the arithmetic sum of the 2 numbers. Impairments of different organ systems are converted to whole person impairment ratings before combining. In most lower extremity impairment cases only one evaluation method is used, but certain circumstances justify combining impairments. Examples in the lower extremity include diagnosis-based estimates with short leg, degenerative joint disease (in the case of fractures in and about joints), and neurologic loss. Combining vs adding can be confusing, but one can nearly always combine, with the following exceptions for the musculoskeletal system: range of motion (ROM) deficits within an upper extremity; ROM deficits of the thumb; total hand impairment; rating hip or knee replacement results; and ROM deficits of the spine at a specific level.