bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Christian Personalism versus Utilitarianism: An Analysis of Their Approaches to Love and Suffering*
Authors: Colosi Peter J. 
Published: August 2020

Although Christian ethics and contemporary utilitarian ethics both employ terms such as “love” and “compassion” in their efforts to deal with human suffering, they are in fact polar opposite ethical views. This fact is not at all easy to discern. One key to perceiving the radical opposition between them lies in clarifying their respective concepts of love and suffering and the relation between the two. In Christian personalism, suffering is always understood as the suffering of individual persons, while in utilitarianism, suffering is primarily understood as a quantifiable entity detached from the individuals who experience it. This detachment of suffering from individuals leads to the depersonalizing and commodifying recommendations of utilitarianism. The dignity of persons as understood in Christian anthropology serves as the foundation of Christian ethics and is the only basis on which ethics can avoid commodifying people. The article begins with an explanation of the utilitarian approach to suffering and its concept of love. It then proceeds to express the view of love and suffering that flows from the Christian perspective. The article concludes by exposing the inherently self-defeating structure of utilitarian ethics and offers the hope-filled, if challenging, approach of Christian personalism. Although Christian anthropology and ethics developed within the historical context of Christianity, and in fact could only have developed there, the arguments here are primarily philosophical elucidations of the differences between the two opposing schools of thought discussed, while here and there including occasional theological points. Summary: The article examines the difference between Christian ethics and utilitarian ethics, bringing out their stark opposition on the topics of love, suffering and the human person.
A National Comparison of Postoperative Outcomes in Completion Thyroidectomy and Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: Brauer Philip R. , Reddy Chandana A. , Burkey Brian B. , Lamarre Eric D. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo characterize and assess the non–thyroid‐specific postoperative complications of completion thyroidectomy as compared with total thyroidectomy.Study DesignRetrospective analysis: 2005 to 2017.SettingNational Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.Subjects and MethodsPatients aged >18 years receiving a completion or total thyroidectomy were eligible for inclusion. Patients not treated by otolaryngologists or general surgeons and with unknown demographic variables were excluded.ResultsA total of 70,638 patients were analyzed, representing 64,763 total thyroidectomies and 5875 completion thyroidectomies. The 30‐day mortality rate was 0.1% for both procedures (P >. 05). Overall, 1.7% and 1.4% of patients undergoing total and completion thyroidectomies experienced at least 1 complication (P >. 05), while 1.2% and 0.9% had a postoperative medical complication (P =. 0186), respectively. On multivariable analysis, patients undergoing total thyroidectomies were significantly more likely to return to the operating room (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.80; P =. 027) and to be readmitted (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.16‐1.81; P =. 001). Adjusted analysis also demonstrated that patients undergoing total thyroidectomies were more likely to be inpatients (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.11‐1.24; P <. 001), be treated by nonotolaryngologists (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.29‐1.45; P <. 001), and smoke (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.13‐1.33; P <. 001).ConclusionNational data suggest that total and completion thyroidectomies are relatively safe procedures but that completion thyroidectomies are associated with lower rates of postoperative complications. These findings may play a role in determining treatment plans for patients and optimizing risk reduction.
A Comparative Study of the Effects of Carbon Tetrachloride on Neurons, Astrocytes and Hepatocytes
Authors: Clemedson Cecilia , Odland Lena , Varnbo Inger , Walum Erik 
Published: August 2020

The effects of carbon tetrachloride (CC14) on lipid peroxidation and respiratory activity in central nervous system (CNS) cells (neurons and astrocytes) have been studied and compared with effects on hepatocytes. Cell cultures of neurons, astrocytes and hepatocytes were prepared from 8-, 14- and 15-day-old chick embryos, respectively. After appropriate intervals, each type of culture was exposed to 0, 2, 3 and 4mM CC14 in a closed-chamber system for 30 or 60 minutes. The neurons, in contrast to both the astrocytes and the hepatocytes, showed a concentration-dependent increase in lipid peroxidation. Pretreatment of astrocyte and hepatocyte cultures with phenobarbital did not increase the degree of lipid peroxidation in these cells. Also, according to protein content, the neuron cultures appeared to be the most sensitive. Respiratory activity was drastically inhibited (70%) in the hepatocyte cultures and slightly inhibited (30–35%) in the CNS cell cultures, after exposure for 60 minutes to 2mM CC14.
Inflammatory cytokine expression in the skin of patients with postherpetic neuralgia
Authors: Cao Song , Zhang Dexin , Yuan Jie , Deng Wenwen , Wen Song , Qin Bangyong , Li Ying 
Published: August 2020

Objective To assess the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the affected and normal skin of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) patients. Methods Affected skin and normal skin samples were collected from PHN patients. Inflammatory cell infiltration in the dermis were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. A human inflammatory protein array containing 40 cytokines was used to assess expression differences between PHN and control skin. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to confirm cytokine expression in 10 PHN patients. Results HE staining showed that the epidermis of PHN skin was thicker than that of contralateral normal skin. Compared with normal skin, there was more infiltration of inflammatory cells into the dermis of PHN skin. The cytokine array detected the presence of 21/40 cytokines; however, only interleukin (IL)-1α showed differential expression between PHN skin and normal skin. ELISA results for IL-1α, IL-16, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were consistent with those of cytokine arrays. Conclusions Expression of inflammatory cytokines in PHN skin was not significantly altered compared with normal skin. Chronic refractory pain in PHN is not necessarily associated with increased inflammation in the affected skin.
Migraine treatment and the risk of postoperative, pain-related hospital readmissions in migraine patients
Authors: Platzbecker Katharina , Timm Fanny P , Ashina Sait , Houle Timothy T , Eikermann Matthias 
Published: August 2020

Background Migraine treatment may mitigate migraine and associated pain in the perioperative period. Objective The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of perioperative acute and prophylactic migraine treatment on the risk of postoperative 30-day hospital readmission with an admitting diagnosis specifying any pain complaints among migraine patients. Design Electronic health records were analysed for 21,932 adult migraine patients undergoing surgery between 2005 and 2017 at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Methods Perioperative abortive migraine treatment was defined as guideline-recommended medication (triptan, ergotamine, acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) prescription after surgery, within 30 days after discharge and prior readmission. Perioperatively continued prophylactic migraine treatment was defined as prescription both prior to surgery and perioperatively for recommended medications (beta-blockers, antidepressants, antiepileptics, onabotulinumtoxin A). Results Overall, 10,921 (49.8%) patients received a prescription for abortive migraine drugs. Of these, 1.2% and 1.5% of patients with and without such prescription were readmitted for pain, respectively. Patients with abortive treatment had lower odds of pain-related readmission (adjusted odds ratio 0.63 [95% confidence interval 0.49–0.81]). Prophylactic migraine treatment showed no effect on pain-related readmission independently of acute treatment (adjusted odds ratio 0.97 [95% confidence interval 0.72–1.32]). Conclusions Migraine patients undergoing surgery with a perioperative prescription for abortive migraine drugs were at decreased risk of pain-related hospital readmission.
Interleukin 23 is elevated in the serum of patients with SLE
Authors: Vukelic Milena , Laloo Anita , Kyttaris Vasileios C 
Published: August 2020

Aim: Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a cytokine that promotes the differentiation of T cells into pro-inflammatory Th17. We have previously shown that IL-23 is upregulated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and lupus prone mice. As SLE is highly heterogeneous, we asked whether IL-23 production correlates with different manifestations of the disease. Methods: We recruited 56 subjects who fulfilled the ACR criteria for SLE. Interleukin-23 was measured in the serum by ELISA. Results: IL-23 levels were positively correlated with the overall SLE disease activity as measured with the SLEDAI. Moreover, IL-23 correlated with the skin, renal domains of SLEDAI and arthritis but not with cytopenias or serositis. IL-23 did also correlate with anti-dsDNA antibody positivity and inversely correlated with C3 levels. We found no relationship between patients’ demographics, prior disease manifestations, medications, or autoantibody profile and IL-23 levels. No immunomodulatory medication seemed to be affecting IL-23 levels suggesting that current medications used in SLE are not as effective in shutting down the IL-23/IL-17 axis. Conclusions: IL-23 levels track SLE disease activity mostly in the renal, skin and musculoskeletal domains. Our data suggest that IL-23 inhibitors may be helpful in combination with current standard of care in alleviating arthritis, renal and cutaneous manifestations of the disease.
Vodafone and Idea Merger: A Shareholder’s Dilemma
Authors: Raju Roshan , Madhuri Gita 
Published: August 2020

In the month of May 2019, Ms Priya Vaidehi who works as a chartered accountant in a small firm in the city of Pune was pondering about her personal investment. While surfing on social media on the sunny hot afternoon of 2 May 2019, she came across the news of the biggest merger deal in the Indian telecom sector. The news was about how Britain’s Vodafone Group merged its Indian subsidiary with Idea Cellular, to create the country’s largest telecom firm. They mentioned how the combined entity will accelerate the pan-India expansion of wireless broadband services and also expand financial inclusion through mobile money services. Since the merger, the network has an outreach of 92 per cent of population of India. Ms Vaidehi planning for her future investments narrowed down her investment search to do a deeper analysis of the merger of two telecom giants Vodafone and Idea. The Indian telecommunication market has a subscriber base of 1.20 billion and is rapidly growing. The country’s wireless subscriptions has witnessed compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.62 per cent to reach 1,183.41 million in the year 2018. Over the past few years, from the announcement of merger to the declaration of completion of merger, she has noticed that there has been volatility in the share price of Idea Cellular. Though the subscriber base of Vodafone, Idea’s is around 400 million, and sales had gone up 53.5 per cent in the third quarter of FY 2018–2019, but the share price had been plunging to an average fall of 14 per cent. She was in deep thought whether she should invest in buying the shares of Vodafone Idea? Will her instinct help her or the knowledge of financial markets aid in taking the right decision?
Disappearance of signs of heat and induction of ovulation in oestrous queens with gonadorelin: a clinical study
Authors: Ferré-Dolcet Luis , Frumento Paola , Abramo Francesca , Romagnoli Stefano 
Published: August 2020

Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a single intramuscular administration of gonadorelin to induce ovulation in queens in oestrus. Methods Twenty-seven queens presented in oestrus for elective ovariectomy were divided into a treatment (n = 19) and a placebo (n = 8) group. Treated queens received a 50 µg dose of gonadorelin, while placebo-treated queens were injected intramuscularly (IM) with an equal amount of saline solution. All treatments were performed between the second and fourth days of heat. Results Two days later, signs of behavioural heat had disappeared in all gonadorelin-treated queens, while 5/8 placebo-treated queens were still in heat. Following ovariectomy, performed 4 days after drug administration, the ovaries of each queen were evaluated histologically and the number of corpora lutea were counted. Sixteen of 19 (84%) gonadorelin-treated queens had ovulated and developed five (range 2–9) corpora lutea, while 3/8 (37%) placebo-treated queens had ovulated and developed five (range 3–6) corpora lutea. Conclusions and relevance This is the first study to document the efficacy of a 50 µg/cat gonadorelin dose to induce ovulation in oestrous queens when administered IM on days 2–4 following the onset of oestrus.
Ex-Press P50 device filtering failure due to non-visible intraluminal blockages
Authors: Azarfane Brahim , Castany Aregall Marta , Rigo Quera Jaume , Banderas García Sandra , Dou Saenz De Vizmanos Antonio , Garcia Arumi Josep 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: To describe Ex-Press P50 failures due to an internal blockage. Methods: A retrospective series of 248 eyes of 219 patients with Ex-Press P50 surgery was conducted. Of these cases, 18 (7.2%) required surgical revision due to filtration failure with no visible blockages in the gonioscopy and no filtering bleb in the slit lamp examination. In all of these cases, we found fibrosis on the edges of the scleral flap. After dissecting the scleral flap, filtration through the implant was restored spontaneously in 10 (4.0%) cases. In two cases fibrous tissue was observed on the tip of the implant and was necessary to remove it. In 6 (2.4%) cases, there was no filtration despite no visible obstruction and attempts to restore the flow were unsuccessful, requiring extraction of the implant and reconverting to trabeculectomy. Two of the removed devices were sanded until the lumen was visible to ascertain the nature of the obstruction. Results: In our series, the most common cause of failure was episcleral fibrosis. In 2.4% of the cases, the blockage was intraluminal and aqueous flow could not be restored. Conclusion: In the Ex-Press P50 implant an internal blockage, that is not visible through the proximal or distal orifices, may be the cause of failure. Unblocking by surgical maneuvers is not feasible due to the intraluminal design. These cases can be solved by extraction of the implant and conversion to trabeculectomy.
Social workers’ construction of cultural competence in polarized cities
Authors: Abu-Rayya Hisham M , Strier Roni , Shwartz-Ziv Tamar 
Published: August 2020

Summary Mixed cities are defined as ethnically diverse cities located within turbulent contexts of intensive, ongoing intergroup political conflict. As such, they may pose serious challenges to social workers’ efforts to develop culturally competent practices, especially in the public service sector. This article examined social workers’ constructions of cultural competence in the social public services delivered to Arab and Jewish clients in Israeli mixed cities. Based on extensive qualitative data gathered from 80 public social workers in Haifa, Acre, and Jerusalem, this study discusses the strengths and limitations of the cultural competence approach, especially when applied in the context of varying degrees of political conflict. Findings Findings illustrated three approaches to the provision of social welfare services: (1) the “universal” construction, which corresponds to universal and egalitarian value-based approach, by which social work professionalism is claimed sufficient to ensure equal treatment for Israeli Arab and Jewish clients; (2) the “indispensable” cultural approach, which indicates that cultural competence is vital and unavoidable in addressing the ethno-diversity needs of Israeli Arab and Jewish clients in mixed cities; and (3) the “critical” construction, which critiques the cultural competence and universal approaches as lacking the complexity to address the problematic ethno-political nature of mixed city settings. Applications The study proposes to adopt an integrated cultural competence approach that combines vital elements of each discrete construction to guide social workers’ practices in mixed cities. Context-informed priorities may occasionally emphasize some elements and minimize others. Institutional support and training is necessary for the proposition to work.
Quantile foliation for modelling performance across body mass and age in Olympic weightlifting
Authors: Perperoglou Aris , Huebner Marianne 
Published: August 2020

In this work, we develop ‘quantile foliation’ to predict outcomes for one explanatory variable based on two covariates and varying quantiles. This is an extension of quantile sheets. Data from World Championships in Olympic weightlifting with athletes aged 13 to 90 are used to study performances across the life span. Weightlifters of all ages compete in body weight classes, and we study performance development for adolescents, age at peak performance and decline for Masters athletes who are 35 years or older. In prior studies, weightlifting performances were compared with a body mass adjustment formula developed using world records. Although intended for elite athletes with highest performances, this formula was applied to weightlifters of all ages, and age factors for Masters were estimated based on these body mass adjustments. A comparison of youth athletes’ performances for different body mass has not been done. With quantile foliation, it is possible to examine age-associated patterns of performance increase for youth and to study the decline after reaching the peak performance. This can be done for athletes with different body mass and different performance levels as measured by quantiles. R code and example data are available as supplementary materials.
Morbidity After Metal Allergy to a Total Ankle Implant
Authors: Gaston Tara E. , Kwan Stephanie , Skibicki Hope E. , Cheesman Quincy T. , Daniel Joseph N. 
Published: August 2020

Metal allergy to total ankle arthroplasty is rare but can be both an unpredictable and devastating complication. Current literature describing metal allergy in orthopaedics is limited with there being no report to date on metal allergy after total ankle arthroplasty. Our patient underwent a total ankle arthroplasty and developed a diffuse rash 7 weeks postoperatively. The patient then tested positive for a metal allergy and ultimately was converted to an arthrodesis. In the setting of postoperative pain, swelling, erythema, or rash, it is important that metal allergy be on the differential diagnosis. Interestingly, when the patient here underwent allergy testing, only the articulating sides of the implant caused a positive reaction. Thus, allergy testing of both the articular and nonarticular sides of the component is of the utmost importance, as evidenced by the discrepancy found in this case. Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Case report
Pondering the Potential of Hyaline Cartilage–Derived Chondroprogenitors for Tissue Regeneration: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vinod Elizabeth , Parameswaran Roshni , Ramasamy Boopalan , Kachroo Upasana 
Published: August 2020

Objective Chondroprogenitors have recently gained prominence due to promising results seen in in vitro and animal studies as a potential contender in cell-based therapy for cartilage repair. Lack of consensus regarding nomenclature, isolation techniques, and expansion protocols create substantial limitations for translational research, especially given the absence of distinct markers of identification. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and collate information pertaining to hyaline cartilage–derived chondroprogenitors, with regard to their isolation, culture, and outcome measures. Design As per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a web-based search of Scopus and PubMed databases was performed from January 2000 to May 2020, which yielded 509 studies. A total of 65 studies were identified that met the standardized inclusion criteria which comprised of, but was not limited to, progenitors derived from fibronectin adhesion, migrated subpopulation from explant cultures, and single-cell sorting. Result Literature search revealed that progenitors demonstrated inherent chondrogenesis and minimal tendency for hypertrophy. Multiple sources also demonstrated significantly better outcomes that bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells and comparable results to chondrocytes. With regard to progenitor subgroups, collated evidence points to better and consistent outcomes with the use of migratory progenitors when compared to fibronectin adhesion assay–derived progenitors, although a direct comparison between the two cell populations is warranted. Conclusion Since chondroprogenitors exhibit favorable properties for cartilage repair, efficient characterization of progenitors is imperative, to complete their phenotypic profile, so as to optimize their use in translational research for neocartilage formation.
Investigation of the priority among the roentgenogram measurements in acetabular dysplasia
Authors: Sonekatsu Mayumi , Sonohata Motoki , Inoue Takao , Honke Hidefumi , Kitajima Masaru , Kawano Shunsuke , Taniguchi Wataru , Fukui Daisuke , Mawatari Masaaki 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: There are many radiographic parameters to evaluate developmental dysplasia of the hip joint (DDH); however, the priority between the parameters is unclear. We evaluated the priority of radiographic parameters in DDH. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the radiographs of 82 consecutive patients aged above 85 years without hip osteoarthritis (OA; no osteoarthritis (NO) group), and 28 patients with early stage hip OA were set as the control group (OA group). We used the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to consider the priority of the following parameters: acetabular roof obliquity (ARO), center-edge (CE) angle, Sharp angle, acetabular head index (AHI), and acetabular depth ratio (ADR). Results: The LDA of five different parameters revealed that the NO and OA groups could be almost distinguished with 83.6% accuracy ( p < 0.0001, Wilks’ lambda test). The standardized scoring coefficients were as follows: ARO, −0.23; CE, −0.43; Sharp, −0.29; AHI, 0.97; and ADR, 0.11. The AHI was particularly noticeable in the NO group. Conclusion: Dissociation of the AHI in the OA group was significantly higher than that of the other parameters in the OA group compared to the parameters in the NO group. A small AHI may be a risk parameter for hip OA due to DDH.