bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of β1 blockade with atenolol on progression of heart failure in patients pretreated with high‐dose enalapril
Authors: Sturm Barbara , Pacher Richard , Strametz‐Juranek Jeanette , Berger Rudolf , Frey Bernhard , Stanek Brigitte 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe survival benefit of β‐blocker treatment in patients with heart failure has been established in recent trials. Yet, the impact of β‐blockers added on high dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors has not been reported.AimsTo investigate the effect of atenolol, a hydrophilic, selective β1‐adrenergic antagonist, added on enalapril 40 mg/day in patients with advanced left ventricular dysfunction in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial.MethodsOne hundred and nineteen patients with class II or III heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤25% and treatment with 40 mg enalapril daily were given an initial challenge dose of atenolol 12.5 mg. One hundred patients (54 with idiopathic, 28 with ischemic, 18 with other dilated cardiomyopathy) tolerated challenge and were randomized to atenolol (maintenance dose 89±11 mg/day, range 50–100 mg/day) or placebo. The primary endpoint was combined worsening heart failure or death within 2 years, the secondary endpoint was hospitalization for cardiac events.ResultsAfter 395±266 days interim analysis revealed a significant difference between the atenolol and placebo group (log rank P<0.01) and the trial was concluded. Twenty‐seven patients had developed worsening heart failure (8 in the atenolol group vs. 19 in the placebo group) and 13 patients had died (5 in the atenolol vs. 8 in the placebo group). Overall there were 23 hospitalizations for cardiac events (6 in the atenolol group vs. 21 in the placebo group, P=0.07); 17 hospitalizations were due to worsening heart failure (5 in the atenolol group, 12 in the placebo‐group, P=0.05) and 10 due to arrhythmias (1 in the atenolol group vs. 9 in the placebo group, P<0.01)ConclusionsThe data suggest that in patients with advanced left ventricular dysfunction, β‐blockers can provide substantial benefits supplementary to that already achieved with high dose enalapril treatment.
Dantrolene sodium improves the force–frequency relationship and β‐adrenergic responsiveness in failing human myocardium
Authors: Meissner Achim , Min Jiang‐Yong , Haake Nils , Hirt Stephan , Simon Rüdiger 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:Failing human myocardium is characterized by a negative force–frequency relationship and impaired β‐adrenergic responsiveness which have been related to alterations of the intracellular Ca2 homeostasis. Dantrolene sodium is a clinically used drug that modulates myocardial Ca2 i handling in animal models. This study investigated the effects of dantrolene sodium on intracellular Ca2 handling and contractile function in failing human myocardium.
Methods and Results:Twenty‐three muscle strips from human left ventricular trabeculae were obtained from patients undergoing heart transplantation for end‐stage heart failure caused by idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (n=15). Isometric contraction and intracellular Ca2 transients (Ca2 indicator: aequorin) were recorded simultaneously. The experiments were performed in three separate groups exposed to control condition (n=8), addition of dantrolene (10 μmol/l; n=8), or addition of verapamil (1 μmol/l; n=7). Isoproterenol induced a moderate positive inotropic effect in the control group with a maximal increase of developed tension from 10.8±2.9 to 23.4±4.7 mN/mm2 and a parallel rise in peak systolic Ca2 i to a maximum of 1.36±0.20 μmol/l. Dantrolene significantly improved (10.2±3.8 to 32.4±0.9 mN/mm2) and verapamil blunted (8.3±2.8 to 17.1±4.3 mN/mm2) the inotropic response to isoproterenol. The diastolic and systolic Ca2 i during isoproterenol stimulation were slightly lower in the dantrolene group but significantly depressed in the verapamil group as compared to the control group. Similarly, analyses of force–frequency relationships revealed an improvement of developed tension in dantrolene‐treated as compared to control preparations whereas the peak systolic Ca2 i was almost identical.Conclusion:Dantrolene improves the negative force–frequency relationship and β‐adrenergic responsiveness in failing human myocardium. These effects are not accompanied by an additional increase in intracellular Ca2 i but might be related to modifications of the diastolic Ca2 i homeostasis.
Microarray‐based transcriptional profiling of a mouse model of autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Hao , Hao Jian‐heng , Li Zhen‐cheng , Hou Tiezheng , Hao Hui‐qin 
Published: August 2020

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides that do not typically code for a protein. lncRNAs have regulatory roles in many physiological processes, and their dysregulation can contribute to cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the onset of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. However, lncRNA expression changes in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), a form of inflammation induced by immunological tolerance disorders, are poorly understood. Here, for the first time to our knowledge, we used microarrays to profile 1161 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs; 608 up‐ and 553 down‐regulated) and 11 512 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs; 5189 up‐ and 6323 down‐ regulated) in a concanavalin A‐induced AIH mouse model. We used quantitative real‐time PCR to confirm the expression of eight DELs and DEMs, and analyzed the coexpression relationship between them. Potential biological functions of screened DELs and DEMs were predicted with Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. DEL‐DEM interaction networks were also constructed. Our study revealed the roles of DELs and DEMs in the pathogenesis of AIH. We also provided potential candidate biomarkers that may have potential for future development into possible diagnostics or as a treatment for this disorder.
The role of empathy and social anxiety in Latinx adolescents' indirect peer aggression during the transition to high school
Authors: Tarlow Naomi , La Greca Annette M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between decreased empathy (i.e., cognitive and affective) and indirect and cyber peer aggression among Latinx adolescents during their transition to high school. Further, we examined the degree to which social anxiety moderated this relationship. Participants were 469 Latinx ninth graders, ages 13–17 years (M = 14.52, SD = 0.58; 58% girls). Adolescents completed the Revised Peer Experiences Questionnaire, Cyber Peer Experiences Questionnaire, Basic Empathy Scale, and Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents at two different time points, 3 months apart. Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed concurrent and prospective relationships between lower cognitive empathy and the perpetration of both indirect and cyber aggression. In addition, social anxiety moderated the concurrent associations between both types of empathy and both types of aggression perpetration. Results suggest that interventions that facilitate cognitive empathy and decrease social anxiety may help to reduce adolescents' indirect and cyber aggression toward peers throughout the high school transition.
Is the association between childhood maltreatment and aggressive behavior mediated by hostile attribution bias in women? A discordant twin and sibling study
Authors: Johansson Ada , Rötkönen Nicola , Jern Patrick 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms behind aggressive behavior (AGG) is vital so that effective prevention and intervention strategies can be developed. Maltreated children are hypothesized to be prone to social information processing biases, such as hostile attribution bias (HAB), which, in turn, may increase the likelihood of behaving aggressively. The first aim of the present study was to replicate findings regarding associations between childhood maltreatment (CM), HAB, and aggression in a population‐based sample of Finnish female twins and their sisters (N = 2,167). However, these associations might not be causal but instead confounded by familial factors, shared between the variables. The second aim was, thus, to test the associations when potential confounding by familial (genetic or common environmental) effects were controlled for using a multilevel discordant twin and sibling design within (a) 379 pairs of twins (npairs = 239) or siblings (npairs = 140), and (b) within the 131 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs. Consistent with previous studies, HAB mediated the association between CM and AGG when familial confounding was uncontrolled. No support was found for the mediation when controlling for familial confounding. Between‐pair associations were found between CM and AGG, and between CM and HAB. In addition, within‐pair associations were found between HAB and AGG, and between CM and AGG, however, these were nonsignificant in the discordant MZ analysis, offering the most stringent control of familial confounding. The results indicate the necessity of taking familial confounding into account when investigating the development of AGG.
Foot Osteoarthritis Frequency and Associated Factors in a Community‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study of White and African American Adults
Authors: Flowers Portia , Nelson Amanda E. , Hannan Marian T. , Hillstrom Howard J. , Renner Jordan B. , Jordan Joanne M. , Golightly Yvonne M. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveFew studies have explored foot osteoarthritis (OA) in the general population. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of foot OA and identify associated factors in a cross‐sectional analysis of a large community‐based cohort.MethodsData were from the 2013–2015 study visit of the Johnston County OA Project. Radiographic OA of the foot was defined using the La Trobe radiographic atlas (≥2 osteophytes or joint space narrowing in at least 1 of 5 joints). Symptomatic OA of the foot was defined as foot radiographic OA with pain, aching, or stiffness in the same foot. At the foot‐level, separate logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to account for intraperson correlations were performed to examine associations of foot radiographic OA or symptomatic OA with age, body mass index (BMI), sex, race, educational attainment, and previous foot injury.ResultsOf 864 participants with available data (mean age 71 years, mean BMI 30 kg/m2, 68% women, 33% African American, 13% <12 years of schooling), 22% had foot radiographic OA, 20% had foot symptoms, and 5% had foot symptomatic OA. Radiographic, but not symptomatic, foot OA was more common in African American than White participants. Participants with obesity, compared to normal weight, had >2 times the odds of radiographic OA and >5 times the odds of symptomatic OA in adjusted models.ConclusionFoot radiographic OA and foot symptoms were common in the sample, but both conditions simultaneously (i.e., symptomatic OA) occurred infrequently. Notably, obesity was linked with foot symptomatic OA, perhaps implicating metabolic or mechanical influences.
Adaptation of American College of Rheumatology Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity and Functional Status Measures for Telehealth Visits
Authors: England Bryant R. , Barber Claire E. H. , Bergman Martin , Ranganath Veena K. , Suter Lisa G. , Michaud Kaleb 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo provide guidance on the implementation of recommended American College of Rheumatology (ACR) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity and functional status assessment measures in telehealth settings.MethodsAn expert panel was assembled from the recently convened ACR RA disease activity and functional status measures working groups to summarize strategies for implementation of ACR‐recommended RA disease activity (the Clinical Disease Activity Index [CDAI], Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate or the C‐reactive protein level [DAS28‐ESR/CRP], Patient Activity Scale II [PAS‐II], Simplified Disease Activity Index [SDAI], and Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 [RAPID3]) and functional status (the Health Assessment Questionnaire II [HAQ‐II], Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire [MDHAQ], and PROMIS physical function 10‐item short form [PROMIS PF‐10]) measures in telehealth settings.ResultsMeasures composed of patient‐reported items (disease activity: PAS‐II, RAPID3; functional status: HAQ‐II, MDHAQ, PROMIS PF‐10) require minimal modification for use in telehealth settings. Measures requiring formal joint counts (the CDAI, DAS28‐ESR/CRP, and SDAI) can be calculated using patient‐reported swollen and tender joint counts. When the feasibility of laboratory testing is limited, the CDAI can be used in place of the SDAI, and scoring modifications of the DAS28‐ESR/CRP without the acute‐phase reactant are available. Assessment of the validity of these modifications is limited. Implementation of these measures can be facilitated by electronic health record collection, mobile applications, and provider/staff administration during telehealth visits.ConclusionThe ACR‐recommended RA disease activity and functional status measures can be adapted for use in telehealth settings to support high‐quality clinical care. Research is needed to better understand how telehealth settings may impact the validity of these measures.
Engineered Heterochronic Parabiosis in 3D Microphysiological System for Identification of Muscle Rejuvenating Factors
Authors: Lee Yunki , Choi Jeongmoon J. , Ahn Song Ih , Lee Nan Hee , Han Woojin M. , Mohiuddin Mahir , Shin Eun Jung , Wood Levi , Park Ki Dong , Kim YongTae , Jang Young C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExposure of a young systemic milieu reveals remarkable rejuvenation effects on aged tissues, including skeletal muscle. Although some candidate factors have been reported, the exact underlying mechanisms of putative rejuvenating factors remain elusive, mainly due to the experimental challenges of using in vivo parabiosis. An in vitro parabiosis system is reported here that integrates young‐ and old‐muscle stem cell vascular niche on a 3D microfluidic platform designed to recapitulate key features of native muscle stem cell microenvironment. This 3D micro‐physiological system enables mechanistic studies of cellular dynamics and molecular interactions within the muscle stem cell niche, especially in response to conditional extrinsic stimuli of local and systemic factors. Using engineered parabiosis system, it is demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor signaling from endothelial cells and myotubes synergistically contributes to the rejuvenation of the aged muscle stem cell function. Moreover, with the adjustable on‐chip system, both blood transfusion and parabiosis can be mimicked and the time‐varying effects of antigeronic and progeronic factors can be monitored in a single organ or multiorgan systems. The microfluidic system can be utilized as a complementary in vitro microphysiological model to aid the complex in vivo parabiosis studies.
Emerging Metal Single Atoms in Electrocatalysts and Batteries
Authors: Ma Lianbo , Zhu Guoyin , Wang Dandan , Chen Huixian , Lv Yaohui , Zhang Yizhou , He Xiaojun , Pang Huan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnergy conversion and storage applications require highly stable and efficient electrocatalysts/electrodes to facilitate electrochemical reactions, but these materials commonly suffer from serious atom wastes and lower performances than the theoretical levels, which cannot meet the increasing demands of the green atomic economy, thereby limiting their practical applications. Recently, metal single atoms (SAs) have attracted tremendous attention owing to their merits of full atom utilization, unique electronic structures, tunable surface characteristics, and low costs. However, metal SAs usually have relatively low physical/chemical stabilities due to their high surface energy, which results in severe degradation of electrochemical performances. Novel synthetic strategies are developed for metal SAs with better stability and performance. In this review, these strategies will be introduced in the context of electrocatalysis and batteries. Specifically, the design concepts, synthesis approach properties, and applications of metal SAs will be discussed. Finally, the critical challenges and future perspectives of metal SAs are presented. This review aims to provide new insights for future work as well as the real‐world applications of metal SAs.
A Biomimetic Nano‐Engineered Platform for Functional Tissue Engineering of Cartilage Superficial Zone
Authors: Dehghan‐Baniani Dorsa , Mehrjou Babak , Chu Paul K. , Wu Hongkai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractArticular cartilage has limited regeneration capacity because of its acellular and avascular nature. Although tissue engineering has been shown to be life‐saving, reforming cartilage zones required by the appropriate tissue functions are challenging. Herein, the need is addressed by designing and producing a nano‐engineered structure mimicking the superficial zone (SZ) of articular cartilage. The substrate is based on silk with good mechanical properties in conjunction with nano‐topographical and biochemical cues. Nanopillar arrays are produced on the silk surface to regulate the stem cell morphology rendering them with a flattened ellipsoidal shape that is similar to that of chondrocytes in the SZ of natural cartilage. The cell interactions are enhanced by nitrogen ion implantation and the biomolecule, kartogenin (KGN), is loaded to promote chondrogenesis of the stem cells and furthermore, a thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel is formed on the nanopatterned silk to produce rheological properties similar to those of a synovial fluid. Based on the in vitro results and mechanical properties, it is a desirable implantable smart structure mimicking the cartilage SZ with the ability of continuous drug release for cartilage regeneration.
A First‐Principles‐Based Sub‐Lattice Formalism for Predicting Off‐Stoichiometry in Materials for Solar Thermochemical Applications: The Example of Ceria
Authors: Sai Gautam Gopalakrishnan , Stechel Ellen B. , Carter Emily A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTheoretical models that reliably can predict off‐stoichiometry in materials via accurate descriptions of underlying thermodynamics are crucial for energy applications. For example, transition‐metal and rare‐earth oxides that can tolerate a large number of oxygen vacancies, such as CeO2 and doped CeO2, can split water and carbon dioxide via a two‐step, oxide‐based solar thermochemical (STC) cycle. The search for new STC materials with a performance superior to that of state‐of‐the‐art CeO2 can benefit from predictions accurately describing the thermodynamics of oxygen vacancies. The sub‐lattice formalism, a common tool used to fit experimental data and build temperature‐composition phase diagrams, can be useful in this context. Here, sub‐lattice models are derived solely from zero‐temperature quantum mechanics calculations to estimate fairly accurate temperature‐ and oxygen‐partial‐pressure‐dependent off‐stoichiometries in CeO2 and Zr‐doped CeO2. Physical motivations for deriving some of the “excess” sub‐lattice model parameters directly from quantum mechanical calculations, instead of fitting to minimize deviations from experimental and/or theoretical data, are identified. Important limitations and approximations of the approach used are specified and extensions to multi‐cation oxides are also suggested to help identify novel candidates for water and carbon dioxide splitting and related applications.
Durch Nitro‐ und andere elektronenziehende Gruppen aktivierte Ruthenium‐Katalysatoren für die Olefinmetathese
Authors: Kajetanowicz Anna , Grela Karol 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFortschrittliche Anwendungen der mit dem Nobelpreis ausgezeichneten Olefinmetathese erfordern nutzerfreundliche Handhabung und vielseitig anwendbare Katalysatoren. Unter den zahlreichen bekannten Metathesekatalysatoren, welche zu den zwei Klassen der Schrock‐ und Grubbs‐Katalysatoren gehören, bietet die Untergruppe der chelatisierten Rutheniumbenzyliden‐Komplexe (auch genannt Hoveyda‐Grubbs‐Katalysatoren) durch zusätzliche Aktivierung durch elektronenziehende Gruppen (EWG) eine hochgradig abstimmbare Plattform. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden der Ursprung des EWG‐Aktivierungskonzeptes und ausgewählte Anwendungen der resultierenden Katalysatoren in zielgerichteten Synthesen, im Bereich der medizinischen Chemie sowie in der Herstellung von Feinchemikalien und der Materialchemie erörtert. Darauf basierend werden dem Anwender einige Vorschläge hinsichtlich der Minimierung der Katalysatorbeladung, der Selektivitätskontrolle und allgemeine Optimierungshinweise der Olefinmetathese gegeben.
A Next‐Generation Air‐Stable Palladium(I) Dimer Enables Olefin Migration and Selective C−C Coupling in Air
Authors: Kundu Gourab , Sperger Theresa , Rissanen Kari , Schoenebeck Franziska 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report a new air‐stable PdIdimer, [Pd(μ‐I)(PCy2tBu)]2, which triggersE‐selective olefin migration to enamides and styrene derivatives in the presence of multiple functional groups and with complete tolerance of air. The same dimer also triggers extremely rapid C−C coupling (alkylation and arylation) at room temperature in a modular and triply selective fashion of aromatic C−Br, C−OTf/OFs, and C−Cl bonds in poly(pseudo)halogenated arenes, displaying superior activity over previous PdIdimer generations for substrates that bear substituentsorthoto C−OTf.
Desoxyfluorierung von Phosphanoxiden: Ein allgemeiner Weg zu fluorierten Organophosphor(V)‐Verbindungen und noch mehr
Authors: Bornemann Dustin , Pitts Cody Ross , Wettstein Lionel , Brüning Fabian , Küng Sebastian , Guan Liangyu , Trapp Nils , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Togni Antonio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFluorierte Organophosphor(V)‐Spezies sind eine vielseitige Klasse von Verbindungen. Ihre aktuell zur Verfügung stehenden Synthesemethoden haben jedoch die Nachteile der gelegentlichen Handhabung von toxischen oder pyrophoren PIII‐Ausgangsmaterialien und der Abhängigkeit von gefährlichen Fluorierungsreagenzien wie XeF2. Wir präsentieren hier eine alternative Methode zur Lösung dieser Probleme mittels Desoxyfluorierung (DOF) von einfach zu gebrauchenden Phosphanoxiden als Ausgangsmaterialien und vermeiden gleichzeitig aggressive Fluorierungsreagenzien durch eine Kombination von Oxalylchlorid und Kaliumfluorid. Die Reaktion hat sich als allgemein anwendbar erwiesen, da R3PF2‐, R2PF3‐ und RPF4‐Verbindungen (sowie verschiedene davon abgeleitete Kationen und Anionen) in guten Ausbeuten und im Multi‐Gramm‐Maßstab zugänglich sind. DFT‐Berechnungen wurden verwendet, um unsere Beobachtungen zu untermauern. Insbesondere führte die Entdeckung dieser neuen Methode zu einer bequemen Synthese von 1) neuen Difluorphosphoniumionen, 2) Hexafluorphosphatsalzen und 3) fluorierten Antimon‐ und Arsenverbindungen.