bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of a ketogenic diet with a LowGI/nutrigenetic diet over 6 months for weight loss and 18-month follow-up
Authors: Vranceanu Maria , Pickering Craig , Filip Lorena , Pralea Ioana Ecaterina , Sundaram Senthil , Al-Saleh Aseel , Popa Daniela-Saveta , Grimaldi Keith A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Obesity and its related metabolic disturbances represent a huge health burden on society. Many different weight loss interventions have been trialled with mixed efficacy, as demonstrated by the large number of individuals who regain weight upon completion of such interventions. There is evidence that the provision of genetic information may enhance long-term weight loss, either by increasing dietary adherence or through underlying biological mechanisms.

Methods
The investigators followed 114 overweight and obese subjects from a weight loss clinic in a 2-stage process. 1) A 24-week dietary intervention. The subjects self-selected whether to follow a standardized ketogenic diet (n = 53), or a personalised low-glycemic index (GI) nutrigenetic diet utilising information from 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (n = 61). 2) After the 24-week diet period, the subjects were monitored for an additional 18 months using standard guidelines for the Keto group vs standard guidelines modified by nutrigenetic advice for the low-Glycaemic Index nutrigenetic diet (lowGI/NG) group.

Results
After 24 weeks, the keto group lost more weight: − 26.2 ± 3.1 kg vs − 23.5 ± 6.4 kg (p = 0.0061). However, at 18-month follow up, the subjects in the low-GI nutrigenetic diet had lost significantly more weight (− 27.5 ± 8.9 kg) than those in the ketogenic diet who had regained some weight (− 19.4 ± 5.0 kg) (p < 0.0001). Additionally, after the 24-week diet and 18-month follow up the low-GI nutrigenetic diet group had significantly greater (p < 0.0001) improvements in total cholesterol (ketogenic − 35.4 ± 32.2 mg/dl; low-GI nutrigenetic − 52.5 ± 24.3 mg/dl), HDL cholesterol (ketogenic + 4.7 ± 4.5 mg/dl; low-GI nutrigenetic + 11.9 ± 4.1 mg/dl), and fasting glucose (ketogenic − 13.7 ± 8.4 mg/dl; low-GI nutrigenetic − 24.7 ± 7.4 mg/dl).

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that the ketogenic group experienced enhanced weight loss during the 24-week dietary intervention. However, at 18-month follow up, the personalised nutrition group (lowGI/NG) lost significantly more weight and experienced significantly greater improvements in measures of cholesterol and blood glucose. This suggests that personalising nutrition has the potential to enhance long-term weight loss and changes in cardiometabolic parameters.

Trial registration
NCT04330209, Registered 01/04/2020, retrospectively registered.
IMA Genome - F13
Authors: Wilken P. Markus , Aylward Janneke , Chand Ramesh , Grewe Felix , Lane Frances A. , Sinha Shagun , Ametrano Claudio , Distefano Isabel , Divakar Pradeep K. , Duong Tuan A. , Huhndorf Sabine , Kharwar Ravindra N. , Lumbsch H. Thorsten , Navathe Sudhir , Pérez Carlos A. , Ramírez-Berrutti Nazaret , Sharma Rohit , Sun Yukun , Wingfield Brenda D. , Wingfield Michael J. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTDraft genomes of the fungal speciesAmbrosiella cleistominuta,Cercospora brassicicola, C. citrullina, Physcia stellaris,andTeratosphaeria pseudoeucalyptiare presented.Physcia stellarisis an important lichen forming fungus andAmbrosiella cleistominutais an ambrosia beetle symbiont.Cercospora brassicicolaandC. citrullinaare agriculturally relevant plant pathogens that cause leaf-spots in brassicaceous vegetables and cucurbits respectively.Teratosphaeria pseudoeucalypticauses severe leaf blight and defoliation ofEucalyptustrees. These genomes provide a valuable resource for understanding the molecular processes in these economically important fungi.
Role of MRI in the diagnosis of adult traumatic and obstetric brachial plexus injury compared to intraoperative findings
Authors: Gad Doria Mohammed , Hussein Mostafa Thabet , Omar Nagham Nabil Mahmoud , Kotb Mohamed Mostafa , Abdel-Tawab Mohamed , Yousef Hazem Abu Zeid 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Brachial plexus injury occurs following birth trauma or adult trauma as well, surgical repair is important to regain upper limb function, and preoperative evaluation with MRI is important and considered the accurate and safe imaging modality.
Thirty-seven patients with clinically suspected obstetric (15 patients) or adult traumatic (22 patients) brachial plexus injury were included in our study; all of them underwent MRI examination including T1WI, T2WI, STIR, DWIBS, 3D STIR SPACE, and MR myelography sequences.

Results
In obstetric cases, MRI sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for preganglionic injury were 63%, 89%, and 82%, respectively, while for postganglionic lesions, MRI sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 60%, 99%, and 95%, respectively. In adult cases, MRI sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for preganglionic injury were 96%, 95%, and 95% respectively, while for postganglionic injury, MRI sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 60%, 100%, and 99%, respectively.

Conclusion
MRI represents a safe, non-invasive, diagnostic modality having the multiplanar capability and better soft tissue characterization.
The role of motivation in the diffusion of innovations in Canada’s long-term care sector: a qualitative study
Authors: MacEachern Lauren , Cranley Lisa , Curran Janet , Keefe Janice 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Long-term care facilities offer shelter and care for Canadian seniors; however, there are great variances in the quality of care that is provided to older adults across facilities. One factor that could contribute to this variation in quality is the diffusion and implementation of advice and innovations within this sector. This study sought to understand the motivations of identified opinion leaders within the Canadian long-term care sector to disseminate advice within their social networks. Research questions addressed specific drivers of motivation and the potential outcomes of having motivated opinion leaders present within interpersonal advice-seeking networks with respect to diffusion and implementation of innovations in the Canadian long-term care sector.

Methods
This secondary analysis study analyzed semi-structured qualitative interviews with opinion leaders (n = 13) and advice seekers of opinion leaders (n = 13) from a national, social network study, Advice Seeking Networks in Long Term Care (Cranley et al. 2019; Dearing et al. 2017). Constant comparison analysis was used and supported by a theoretical framework developed from diffusion of innovation theory and the COM-B framework.

Results
The motivations of opinion leaders in the Canadian long-term care sector were represented across seven themes: obligations of the position, value of education, systemness, relationships, supportiveness, passion, and caring nature.

Conclusions
This research provides further evidence that opinion leaders in the long-term care sector are motivated individuals and that they are using this motivation as a driver to create change and improve care practices. As residents of the long-term care sector continue to increase in number and complexity, the presence of motivated opinion leaders represents a promising outlook for the future through achieving specific outcomes such as the diffusion and implementation of innovations, an increased sense of community within the network, and increased readiness for the future.
The Price of Violence
Authors: Greenfield Jerome 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMuch of the nature of French imperialism in Algeria can be explained through an analysis of its financial underpinnings, a subject generally neglected by historians. This article recounts the creation of a colonial fiscal system during the period of the French conquest of Algeria from the 1830s to the 1850s. It argues that money played a decisive role in shaping relations between metropolitan officials and the military leaders who comprised the “men on the spot.” While the French presence in Algeria was to an extent rationalized in terms of imparting “civilization,” the need for money exacerbated the army's tendency to rule through violence. This brutality alienated metropolitan elites, pushing the government to exert greater control over Algerian affairs. Here, money provided crucial leverage, given Algeria's financial dependence on the metropole. In this manner, finance decisively shaped the formation of the French state in Algeria.Souvent négligée par les historiens, l'étude des finances est essentielle pour comprendre l'impérialisme français en Algérie. Cet article traite de l'essor du système fiscal colonial pendant la conquête de l'Algérie. Il souligne le rôle que l'argent a joué dans les relations entre les fonctionnaires métropolitains et les commandants de l'armée en Afrique, « les hommes sur place ». Alors que la présence française en Algérie était en partie justifiée par le projet de « civilisation », les besoins financiers ont exacerbé la disposition de l'armée à gouverner par la violence. Cette brutalité a désenchanté les élites métropolitaines, encourageant le gouvernement à exercer plus de contrôle en Algérie, et pour cela l'argent était indispensable, compte tenu de la dépendance financière de la colonie sur la métropole. Les finances ont donc exercé une influence décisive sur le développement de l'Etat français en Algérie.
Interventions to improve linear growth during exclusive breastfeeding life-stage for children aged 0-6 months living in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review with network and pairwise meta-analyses
Authors: Park Jay J. H. , Siden Ellie , Harari Ofir , Dron Louis , Mazoub Reham , Jeziorska Virginia , Zannat Noor-E , Gadalla Heather , Thorlund Kristian , Mills Edward J. 
Published: September 2020

Background:Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first six months of life is critical for child’s linear growth. While there is strong evidence in favor of EBF, the evidence with regards to other interventions for linear growth is unclear. We evaluated intervention domains of micronutrients, food supplements, deworming, maternal education, water sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and kangaroo care, for their comparative effectiveness on linear growth.Methods:For this review, we searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of the interventions provided to infants aged 0-6 months and/or their breastfeeding mothers in low- and middle-income countries reporting on length-for-age z-score (LAZ), stunting, length, and head circumference. We searched for reports published until September 17th, 2019 and hand-searched bibliographies of existing reviews. For LAZ and stunting, we used network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the effects of all interventions except for kangaroo care, where we used pairwise meta-analysis to compare its effects versus standard-of-care. For length and head circumference, we qualitatively summarized our findings.Results:We found 29 RCTs (40 papers) involving 35,119 mother and infant pairs reporting on the effects of aforementioned interventions on linear growth outcomes. Our NMA on LAZ found that compared to standard-of-care, multiple micronutrients administered to infants (MMN-C) improved LAZ (mean difference: 0.20; 95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.03,0.35), whereas supplementing breastfeeding mothers with MMN did not (MMN-M, mean difference: -0.02, 95%CrI: -0.18,0.13). No interventions including MMN-C (relative risk: 0.74; 95%CrI: 0.36,1.44) reduced risk for stunting compared to standard-of-care. Kangaroo care, on the other hand, improved head circumference (mean difference: 0.20 cm/week; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.09,0.31 cm/week) and length (mean difference: 0.23 cm/week; 95%CI: 0.10,0.35 cm/week) compared to standard-of-care. Conclusion:Our study found important improvements for kangaroo care, but we did not find sufficient evidence for other interventions.Registration:PROSPEROCRD42018110450; registered on 17 October 2018.
Approaches to minimising the epidemiological impact of sources of systematic and random variation that may affect biochemistry assay data in UK Biobank
Authors: Allen Naomi E. , Arnold Matthew , Parish Sarah , Hill Michael , Sheard Simon , Callen Howard , Fry Daniel , Moffat Stewart , Gordon Mark , Welsh Samantha , Elliott Paul , Collins Rory 
Published: September 2020

Background: UK Biobank is a large prospective study that recruited 500,000 participants aged 40 to 69 years, between 2006-2010.The study has collected (and continues to collect) extensive phenotypic and genomic data about its participants. In order to enhance further the value of the UK Biobank resource, a wide range of biochemistry markers were measured in all participants with an available biological sample. Here, we describe the approaches UK Biobank has taken to minimise error related to sample collection, processing, retrieval and assay measurement. Methods: During routine quality control checks, the laboratory team observed that some assay results were lower than expected for samples acquired during certain time periods. Analyses were undertaken to identify and correct for the unexpected dilution identified during sample processing, and for expected error caused by laboratory drift of assay results. Results: The vast majority (92%) of biochemistry serum assay results were assessed to be not materially affected by dilution, with an estimated difference in concentration of less than 1% (i.e. either lower or higher) than that expected if the sample were unaffected; 8.3% were estimated to be diluted by up to 10%; very few samples appeared to be diluted more than this. Biomarkers measured in urine (creatinine, microalbumin, sodium, potassium) and red blood cells (HbA1c) were not affected. In order to correct for laboratory variation over the assay period, all assay results were adjusted for date of assay, with the exception of those that had a high biological coefficient of variation or evident seasonal variability: vitamin D, lipoprotein (a), gamma glutamyltransferase, C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor. Conclusions: Rigorous approaches related to sample collection, processing, retrieval, assay measurement and data analysis have been taken to mitigate the impact of both systematic and random variation in epidemiological analyses that use the biochemistry assay data in UK Biobank.
Effectiveness of Rotarix® vaccine in Africa in the first decade of progressive introduction, 2009-2019: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Murunga Nickson , P. Otieno Grieven , Maia Marta , N. Agoti Charles 
Published: September 2020

Background: Randomized controlled trials of licensed oral rotavirus group A (RVA) vaccines, indicated lower efficacy in developing countries compared to developed countries. We investigated the pooled effectiveness of Rotarix® in Africa in 2019, a decade since progressive introduction began in 2009. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed to identify studies that investigated the effectiveness of routine RVA vaccination in an African country between 2009 and 2019. A meta-analysis was undertaken to estimate pooled effectiveness of the full-dose versus partial-dose of Rotarix® (RV1) vaccine and in different age groups. Pooled odds ratios were estimated using random effects model and the risk of bias assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE. Results: By December 2019, 39 (72%) countries in Africa had introduced RVA vaccination, of which 34 were using RV1. Thirteen eligible studies from eight countries were included in meta-analysis for vaccine effectiveness (VE) of RVA by vaccine dosage (full or partial) and age categories. Pooled RV1 VE against RVA associated hospitalizations was 44% (95% confidence interval (CI) 28-57%) for partial dose versus 58% (95% CI 50-65%) for full dose. VE was 61% (95% CI 50-69%), 55% (95% CI 32-71%), 56% (95% CI 43-67%), and 61% (95% CI 42-73%) for children aged <12 months, 12-23 months, <24 months and 12-59 months, respectively. Conclusion: RV1 vaccine use has resulted in a significant reduction in severe diarrhoea in African children and its VE is close to the efficacy findings observed in clinical trials. RV1 VE point estimate was higher for children who received full dose than those who received partial dose, and its protection lasted beyond the first year of life.
The articularis genu muscle and its relevance in oncological surgical margins
Authors: Caterson Jessica , Williams Matthew A , McCarthy Catherine , Athanasou Nicholas , Temple H Thomas , Cosker Thomas , Gibbons Max 
Published: September 2020

Aims The aticularis genu (AG) is the least substantial and deepest muscle of the anterior compartment of the thigh and of uncertain significance. The aim of the study was to describe the anatomy of AG in cadaveric specimens, to characterize the relevance of AG in pathological distal femur specimens, and to correlate the anatomy and pathology with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of AG. Methods In 24 cadaveric specimens, AG was identified, photographed, measured, and dissected including neurovascular supply. In all, 35 resected distal femur specimens were examined. AG was photographed and measured and its utility as a surgical margin examined. Preoperative MRIs of these cases were retrospectively analyzed and assessed and its utility assessed as an anterior soft tissue margin in surgery. In all cadaveric specimens, AG was identified as a substantial structure, deep and separate to vastus itermedius (VI) and separated by a clear fascial plane with a discrete neurovascular supply. Mean length of AG was 16.1 cm ( ± 1.6 cm) origin anterior aspect distal third femur and insertion into suprapatellar bursa. In 32 of 35 pathological specimens, AG was identified (mean length 12.8 cm ( ± 0.6 cm)). Where AG was used as anterior cover in pathological specimens all surgical margins were clear of disease. Of these cases, preoperative MRI identified AG in 34 of 35 cases (mean length 8.8 cm ( ± 0.4 cm)). Results AG was best visualized with T1-weighted axial images providing sufficient cover in 25 cases confirmed by pathological findings.These results demonstrate AG as a discrete and substantial muscle of the anterior compartment of the thigh, deep to VI and useful in providing anterior soft tissue margin in distal femoral resection in bone tumours. Conclusion Preoperative assessment of cover by AG may be useful in predicting cases where AG can be dissected, sparing the remaining quadriceps muscle, and therefore function. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-9:585–593.
Daytime radiative cooler using porous TiO2: new approach
Authors: Zahir Mounir , Benlattar Mourad 
Published: September 2020

Passive daytime radiative cooling remains a topic of intense interest that has gained great attention recently, mainly due to its important applications, such as electronic heat dissipation, solar cells, and photo-thermal technologies. In order to achieve the daytime radiative cooling for thermal management applications, a new smart shield should be designed to have both a low absorptivity in the solar range of 0.3–2.5 µm and high emissivity in the atmospheric transparency windows of 8–13 µm and 16–26 µm. In this work, we propose and analyze a new, inexpensive, and highly scalable double-layer coating to reach an efficient passive daytime radiative cooling. Double-layer coatings consisting of a top

T
i
O

2

porous adsorbent layer and a bottom providing excellent transmittance in the solar spectrum are achieved properly by borosilicate-crown glass (BK7). We have shown that the proposed device preserves an average absorptivity/emissivity well below 7% in the entire solar spectrum and almost 95% in the atmospheric transparency windows. Besides, our design allows for sub-ambient temperature drops of 45° and diurnal cooling power output of

133

W

/

m

2

, even in the case of solar irradiance up to

1000

W

/

m

2

. The cooling performance persists under high humidity, even when taking the non-radiative heat exchange progress into account. The results revealed that the proposed design can be easily applied to a large area and promotes a significant step towards achieving large scale application in solar cells and related systems.
Improving the performance of a DF relay-aided FSO system with an additional source–relay mmWave RF backup
Authors: Bag Banibrata , Das Akinchan , Bose Chayanika , Chandra Aniruddha 
Published: September 2020

Atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors are major hindrances behind the proliferation of free-space-optics (FSO) technology in next-generation fronthaul networks. This paper investigates the effect of a decode-and-forward relay in overcoming these impairments and how an additional source-to-relay millimeter-wave (mmWave) radio-frequency (RF) backup link improves the performance of the relay-aided FSO system further; i.e., we study the performance of a hybrid FSO/(FSO-FSO)/(RF-FSO) system. Generalized Málaga distribution is adopted to model atmospheric turbulence in FSO links, whereas the fading statistics of the mmWave RF link is modeled by Nakagami-mdistribution. The performance of the hybrid system is studied on the basis of analytical expressions derived for metrics such as outage probability, bit error rate, and ergodic capacity, and the results show the supremacy of the proposed hybrid FSO system. The improvement is, however, dependent on factors such as turbulence location and signal-to-noise ratio per bit, and not all performance metrics exhibit equal improvement.
Neighborhood hotspot and community awareness: The double role of social network sites in local communities
Authors: Meulenaere Jonas De , Baccarne Bastiaan , Courtois Cédric , Ponnet Koen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
There is a tendency in the literature on local digital media use and neighborhood outcomes to conceptualize Social Network Sites (SNSs) as mere transmission channels, thereby ignoring SNSs’ dynamics and limiting the understanding of their role in neighborhood life. Informed by Communication Infrastructure Theory and social media literature, we propose and test a model to investigate the association between the use of SNSs, appropriated as online neighborhood networks, and neighborhood sense of community. We administered a survey to Flemish online neighborhood network users (n = 590) and found that active localized SNS use brings about an online sense of community and community awareness, which both independently lead to a neighborhood sense of community. Based on these findings, we argue that SNSs, appropriated as online neighborhood networks, function simultaneously as neighborhood hotspots in a neighborhood’s communication action context as well as community awareness media in a neighborhood’s storytelling network.
Temperature effects on electrospun chitosan nanofibers
Authors: Van-Pham Dan-Thuy , Thi Bich Quyen Tran , Van Toan Pham , Nguyen Chanh-Nghiem , Ho Ming Hua , Van Hong Thien Doan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEffects of the temperature of chitosan (CS) solutions as well as the temperature of the chamber on an electrospinning process were investigated. CS with a low molecular weight was dissolved in the solvent of trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane (70/30 v/v) at a concentration of 80 mg/mL for electrospinning. Both CS solution and chamber temperatures strongly affected the morphology of electrospun CS nanofibers. At the solution temperature and chamber temperature of 32°C, uniform CS nanofibers with an average diameter of 200 nm could be obtained. Although the chamber temperature is generally regarded as an unimportant parameter in the electrospinning of polymers, the experimental results demonstrated its critical effect on the electrospinning of CS.