bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid transvenous lead extraction during cardiac surgery for valvular endocarditis
Authors: Yildirim Yalin , Petersen Johannes , Tönnis Tobias , Reichenspurner Hermann , Pecha Simon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn patients with endocarditis and cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED), lead extraction is recommended according to current guidelines. In patients with short lead implant duration, lead extraction by manual traction might be sufficient for intraoperative lead removal. However, in patients with long implant duration, specialized extraction tools like laser or mechanical rotational sheaths are necessary. We report our experience with transvenous lead extraction during concomitant cardiac surgery for valvular endocarditis using mechanical rotational sheaths.Methods and ResultsBetween December 2018 and April 2020, 12 patients were treated with transvenous lead extraction during open‐heart surgery using mechanical rotational sheaths. Cardiac surgery was performed due to mitral, aortic, or tricuspid valve endocarditis. All patient‐related and procedural data were collected, and in‐hospital outcome was analyzed retrospectively. Mean patients' age was 65.2 ± 16.4 years, and 75.0% were male. Nine atrial, 15 ventricular, and 2 coronary sinus leads had to be extracted. The mean time from initial lead implantation was 94.3 ± 39.7 months. Complete procedural success was achieved in all patients with no major but one minor complication (pocket hematoma) occurring during lead extraction. Four patients with pacemaker dependency received epicardial leads, seven patients were treated in a two‐step approach with endocardial leads, whereas one patient had no further CIED indication. No procedure‐related mortality was seen. In‐hospital survival was 91.7%.ConclusionsValvular endocarditis surgery in combination with lead extraction using mechanical rotational sheaths is safe and feasible. It results in a high procedural success rate with prompt infection control by immediate removal of all infected lead materials.
An Integrated Review of Uterine Activity Monitoring for Evaluating Labor Dystocia
Authors: Kissler Katherine J. , Lowe Nancy K. , Hernandez Teri L. 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionLabor dystocia is the most common cause of cesarean birth in the United States, yet how dystocia develops during labor remains elusive. Uterine activity monitoring has significant potential for advancing our understanding of labor dystocia. While evaluating contraction frequency and amplitude is a common component of labor dystocia management, the literature describing the relationship between measures of uterine activity and labor dystocia is heterogeneous and has not been synthesized to identify the best methods for use in clinical investigation.MethodsWe conducted a literature search for original research exploring the relationship between uterine activity and labor dystocia published between 2000 and 2019. Included articles were critically reviewed and synthesized.ResultsAcross 11 identified studies, investigators employed 3 different techniques for monitoring uterine activity and 9 different measures were employed. Uterine activity measures, including Montevideo units, uterine electromyography power density spectrum and sample entropy, and the fall‐to‐rise ratio of contraction shape, detected patterns associated with labor dystocia or cesarean birth.DiscussionThe use of multiple regression with clinical covariates and a uterine activity measure increased the accuracy of predicting cesarean delivery. Uterine electromyography may be especially useful to evaluate labor dystocia phenotypes to differentiate uterine muscle fatigue from understimulation and lead to algorithms for increased precision in the diagnosis of labor dystocia and innovative approaches to treatment.
Manufacturing American Identity Among Immigrant Workers: Colorado Fuel & Iron Company at the Turn of the 20th Century
Authors: Messer Chris M. , Shriver Thomas E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExtant research indicates that white racial framing is utilized to rationalize discrimination, but less work has examined how the white racial frame becomes filtered into institutional settings such as corporations and instilled within its programs and practices. This paper analyzes white racial framing in the Colorado Fuel & Iron Company during the early twentieth century as part of its effort to Americanize and control its racially diverse workforce. The company developed a special unit headed by a physician and proponent of eugenics to promote “social betterment.” Our findings show how dominant racial ideologies were embedded within the company's conceptualization of social betterment and how these ideas influenced corporate programs aimed at mollifying the workforce and increasing productivity. We discuss the implications of our research for future analyses of historically embedded racial framing.
Seasonal influenza vaccination for children with special risk medical conditions: Does policy meet practice?
Authors: Tuckerman Jane , Crawford Nigel W , Marshall Helen S 
Published: June 2020

AimEnsuring children with special risk medical conditions (SRMC) are protected from influenza is important. The study objective was to describe influenza vaccination practices of medical professionals caring for children with SRMC and explore characteristics associated with a vaccine recommendation.MethodsDesign: Cross‐sectional survey. Setting/Participants: Treating paediatric specialists and general practitioners of children with confirmed SRMCs. Postal questionnaire administered from March to September 2018 (option for online response). Characteristics associated with providing a recommendation were explored using univariable and multivariable analyses.ResultsOverall response rate of 24.8% with the sample representative of the eligible population in terms of practice location and years practicing medicine. There was a higher response from females and sub‐specialists. Of the 198 completed survey responders, 97.8% were aware of the recommendation, yet only 38.4% reported they ‘always’ routinely recommended influenza vaccine and fewer (19.5%) were very confident in understanding all ‘medically at risk’ conditions. Medical professionals were more likely to provide a recommendation always or mostly, if they received annual influenza vaccination themselves (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.96, confidence interval (CI) 1.12–14.03), had confidence in understanding all ‘medically at risk’ conditions (aOR 1.82, CI 1.04–3.17) and perceived ownership of the responsibility to provide the recommendation (aOR 7.35, CI 1.67–32.26). Regional practising medical professionals were less likely to provide a recommendation (aOR 0.25 CI 0.10–0.70).ConclusionsWe need to improve medical professionals' knowledge through reminders and access to consistent and concise information about what constitutes a SRMC. Increasing medical professionals' engagement in the influenza vaccination programme could also provide a sense of responsibility fostering provider endorsement.
Network valuation in financial systems
Authors: Barucca Paolo , Bardoscia Marco , Caccioli Fabio , D'Errico Marco , Visentin Gabriele , Caldarelli Guido , Battiston Stefano 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe introduce a general model for the balance‐sheet consistent valuation of interbank claims within an interconnected financial system. Our model represents an extension of clearing models of interdependent liabilities to account for the presence of uncertainty on banks' external assets. At the same time, it also provides a natural extension of classic structural credit risk models to the case of an interconnected system. We characterize the existence and uniqueness of a valuation that maximizes individual and total equity values for all banks. We apply our model to the assessment of systemic risk and in particular for the case of stress testing. Further, we provide a fixed‐point algorithm to carry out the network valuation and the conditions for its convergence.
When there is No ZOPA: Mental Fatigue, Integrative Complexity, and Creative Agreement in Negotiations
Authors: Yao Jingjing , Zhang Zhi‐Xue , Liu Leigh Anne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHow to reach a creative agreement in negotiations when the Zone of Possible Agreement (ZOPA) does not apparently exist? To answer this question, we drew on the cognitive flexibility theory and proposed a model predicting that negotiators’ mental fatigue would engender fewer creative agreements, and their integrative complexity acted as an underlying mechanism. Across four studies, we measured (Study 1) and manipulated (Studies 2–4) mental fatigue to test our hypotheses. We found that negotiation dyads with higher mental fatigue were less likely to display integrative complexity and hence less likely to reach creative agreements in negotiations without an apparent ZOPA. We also demonstrated that in this kind of negotiation, simply identifying additional issues or proposing packaging offers were not enough; negotiators need to do both to construct creative agreements. This research contributes to the literature of negotiation, creative problem‐solving, and the cognitive flexibility theory.
High‐resolution anorectal manometry in children with functional constipation with or without fecal incontinence
Authors: Alessandrella Annalisa , Turco Rossella , Russo Marina , Poziello Antonio , Miele Erasmo , Staiano Annamaria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐resolution anorectal manometry (HR‐ARM) is expected to be better than conventional manometry. Our aim was to characterize HR‐ARM pressures in children with functional constipation (FC), with or without fecal incontinence (FI).MethodsChildren with diagnosis of FC, with or without FI, according to Rome‐IV criteria, were enrolled. All patients underwent HR‐ARM using 24‐channel water‐perfused catheter.ResultsTwenty‐nine consecutive children (M/F: 21/8; mean age ± SD: 9.5 ± 3.1 years; range 4‐15), of whom 21 affected by FC without FI (mean age ± SD: 9.3 ± 3.23 years) and 8 affected by FC with FI (mean age ± SD: 10.2 ± 3.08 years), were enrolled. No significant differences were found regard to gender and age. The analysis of HR‐ARM 3D plots demonstrated asymmetry of the anal canal, with higher pressures in distal halves. Comparing pressures between the two groups, we found lower values in FC with FI than in FC without FI group, with a statistically significance for maximum and mean resting pressures (P = .032 and P = .008, respectively). When evaluating our study population respect to asymptomatic children, we found lower resting pressures, lower maximum squeeze pressure, and higher rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) values.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that HR‐ARM pressures at rest and during squeezing in FC with FI children are lower than FC without FI subjects, particularly in anteroposterior quadrants. Compared to children without lower gastrointestinal symptoms, children with FC with or without FI show lower pressures and higher values of RAIR.
Eating behaviors in relation to gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention: A systematic review
Authors: Bijlholt Margriet , Van Uytsel Hanne , Ameye Lieveke , Devlieger Roland , Bogaerts Annick 
Published: June 2020

SummaryPreventing obesity is of utmost public health importance. This paper systematically reviews associations between eating behaviors and peripartum weight change. This knowledge is crucial in the development of interventions that reduce long‐term obesity, often triggered and boosted in the peripartum. Through MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science, we identified 20 studies that fulfilled inclusion criteria: studies on food cravings, disinhibition, restrained, external, emotional, uncontrolled, intuitive, or mindful eating in relation to gestational or postpartum weight among adult women. Higher gestational weight gain was associated with lower intuitive eating (in 3/3 studies) and higher restrained eating (in 4/11 studies), external eating (in 2/2 studies), emotional eating (in 3/4 studies), food cravings (in 3/3 studies), and disinhibition (in 1/3 studies). No association with uncontrolled eating was found (in one study). No studies on mindful eating and gestational weight were identified. Higher postpartum weight loss was associated with higher restrained (in 2/4 studies) and intuitive eating (in 1/1 study). No associations between postpartum weight and food cravings, disinhibition, and mindful eating were found. No studies on external, emotional and uncontrolled eating, and postpartum weight were identified. Concluding, certain eating behaviors might be related to peripartum weight change.
Patient and provider factors impacting referral for neonatal organ donation
Authors: Aghion Abigail , Hussey‐Gardner Brenda , Davis Natalie L. , Falck Alison J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs determination of brain death is infrequent in neonates, the AAP endorses donation after circulatory determination of death as an acceptable alternative. Despite this recommendation, neonatal organ donation is infrequent. Timely referral to OPOs is a vital first step in the organ donation process. The aim of this study was to identify patient and provider factors impacting timely referral for neonatal organ donation.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for deaths occurring in a Level IV NICU from 2007 to 2017. Clinical and demographic factors, provider type, timing of OPO referral (before or after death), and outcome were assessed. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to identify predictors of OPO referral characteristics.ResultsBetween 2007 and 2017, 329 deaths occurred in the NICU or delivery room. Of the 265 infants meeting inclusion criteria, 96% had late referrals (after death) and were declined for organ donation. Frequency of timely referrals (before death) improved when OPO contact was by an attending neonatologist, when withdrawal of life support was planned, and with increasing birthweight, gestational age, and PMA. Factors associated with decreased OPO referral included male sex, lower weight at death, earlier PMA, and deaths occurring while receiving maximal intensive care support. No organs or tissues were donated.ConclusionsThis study is the first to report NICU referral patterns for organ donation. We found that timely provider referral of neonates to the OPO was rare. Exploration of provider knowledge will guide future educational interventions aimed to improve the referral process.
Development of prehospital assessment findings associated with massive transfusion
Authors: Wheeler Abigail R. , Cuenca Camaren , Fisher Andrew D. , April Michael D. , Shackelford Stacy A. , Schauer Steven G. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDMassive transfusion is frequently a component of the resuscitation of combat casualties. Because blood supplies may be limited, activation of a walking blood bank and mobilization of necessary resources must occur in a timely fashion. The development of a risk prediction model to guide clinicians for early transfusion in the prehospital setting was sought.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis is a secondary analysis of a previously described data set from the Department of Defense Trauma Registry from January 2007 to August 2016 focusing on casualties undergoing massive transfusion. Serious injury was defined based on an Abbreviated Injury Scale score of 3 or greater by body region. The authors constructed multiple imputations of the model for risk prediction development. Efforts were made to internally validate the model.RESULTSWithin the data set, there were 15540 patients, of which 1238 (7.9%) underwent massive transfusion. In the body region injury scale model, explosive injuries (odds ratio [OR], 3.78), serious extremity injuries (OR, 6.59), and tachycardia >120/min (OR, 5.61) were most strongly associated with receiving a massive transfusion. In the simplified model, major amputations (OR, 17.02), tourniquet application (OR, 6.66), and tachycardia >120 beats/min (OR, 8.72) were associated with massive transfusion. Both models had area under the curve receiver operating characteristic values of greater than 0.9 for the model and bootstrap forest analysis.CONCLUSIONIn the body region injury scale model, explosive mechanisms, serious extremity injuries, and tachycardia were most strongly associated with massive transfusion. In the simplified model, major amputations, tourniquet application, and tachycardia were most strongly associated.
Cognitive and physical performance are well preserved following standard blood donation: A noninferiority, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Nadler Roy , Tsur Avishai M. , Lipsky Ari M. , Lending Gadi , Benov Avi , Ostffeld Ishai , Shinar Eilat , Yanovich Ran , Moser Asher , Levy Diana , Haiman Nikolai , Eliassen Hakon , Bader Tarif , Glassberg Elon , Chen Jacob 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDA walking blood bank (WBB) refers to the use of fellow combatants for battlefield blood donation. This requires pretesting combatants for infectious diseases and blood type. A fundamental prerequisite for this technique is that the donating soldier will suffer minimal physiological and mental impact. The purpose of the current study is to assess the effect of blood shedding on battlefield performance.METHODSThis is a double‐blind randomized control trial. Forty Israel Defense Forces combatants volunteered for the study. Participants underwent baseline evaluation, including repeated measurement of vital signs, cognitive evaluation, physical evaluation, and a strenuous shooting test. Three weeks after the baseline evaluation, subjects were randomized to either blood donation or the control group. For blinding purposes, all subjects underwent venous catheterization for the duration of a blood donation. Repeated vital signs and function evaluation were then performed.RESULTSThirty‐six patients were available for randomization. Baseline measurements were similar for both groups. Mean strenuous shooting score was 80.5 ± 9.5 for the control group and 82 ± 6.6 for the test group (p = 0.58). No clinically or statistically significant differences were found in tests designed to evaluate cognitive performance or physical functions. Vital signs taken multiple times were also similar between the test and control groups.CONCLUSIONSExecutive, cognitive, and physical functions were well preserved after blood donation. This study supports the hypothesis that a WBB does not decrease donor combat performance. The categorical prohibition of physical exercise following blood donation might need to be reconsidered in both military and civilian populations.
Hemolytic markers following the transfusion of uncrossmatched, cold‐stored, low‐titer, group O+ whole blood in civilian trauma patients
Authors: Harrold Ian M. , Seheult Jansen N. , Alarcon Louis H. , Corcos Alain , Sperry Jason L. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Yazer Mark H. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDLow‐titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) is increasingly being used in the civilian trauma setting, although there is a risk of hemolysis. This study evaluated the impact on hemolytic markers following the transfusion of 4 or more units of uncrossmatched LTOWB.METHODSCivilian adult trauma patients who received four or more units of leukoreduced group O+, low‐titer (<50 anti‐A and anti‐B), platelet‐replete uncrossmatched whole blood during their initial resuscitation and who survived for more than 24 hours after the transfusion were included in this retrospective study. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin, haptoglobin, potassium, and creatinine were evaluated on the day of LTOWB transfusion (Day 0) and the next 3 days. Blood product administration over the first 24 hours of admission was recorded.RESULTSThere were 54 non–group O and 23 group O recipients of four or more LTOWB units. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) number of transfused LTOWB units was 4 (4‐5) and 4 (4‐4), respectively, the maximum number in both groups was eight. The non–group O patients received a median (IQR) volume of 1470 mL (1368‐2052) of ABO‐incompatible plasma. Comparing the non–group O to the group O recipients, there were no significant differences in the haptoglobin, LDH, total bilirubin, potassium, or creatinine concentrations at any of the time points. There were no reported transfusion reactions.CONCLUSIONReceiving at least four LTOWB units was not associated with biochemical or clinical evidence of hemolysis.
Current state of whole blood transfusion for civilian trauma resuscitation
Authors: Jackson Bryon , Murphy Colin , Fontaine Magali J. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDWhole blood (WB) is rapidly emerging as the treatment modality of choice for the initial resuscitation of civilian trauma patients across the United States. The reemergence of WB has been rapid and driven in part by recognition of the importance of early plasma transfusion in the resuscitation process.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe study was designed as a critical analysis of the available literature on WB transfusion in civilian trauma patients. Studies were included if they reported on transfusion of cold‐stored WB used in a civilian setting and measured safety, feasibility, or a direct clinical outcome.RESULTSExamination of the available literature supports the feasibility and safety of WB used in treatment of civilian trauma patients. The evidence regarding clinical outcomes, particularly with direct comparison to equivalent doses of component therapy, is more limited. The literature is predominantly descriptive and retrospective in nature and limited by the heterogeneity of clinical WB protocols being used. Based on this limited data set, there are limited conclusions that can be used to definitely support or refute the clinical superiority of WB to component therapy.CONCLUSIONCurrent literature supports the safety and feasibility of WB, but prospective randomized trials comparing WB to component therapy are needed to provide the definitive evidence on this topic.
Whole blood for postpartum hemorrhage: early experience at two institutions
Authors: Morris David S. , Braverman Maxwell A. , Corean Jessica , Myers John C. , Xenakis Elly , Ireland Kayla , Greebon Leslie , Ilstrup Sarah , Jenkins Donald H. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDDeath from postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains a significant preventable problem worldwide. Cold‐stored, low‐titer, type‐O whole blood (LTOWB) is increasingly being used for resuscitation of injured patients, but it is uncommon in PPH patients, and it is unclear what its role may be in this population.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSBrief report of the early experience of WB use for PPH in two institutions, one university hospital and one private hospital.RESULTSDifferent approaches have been implemented at the two institutions, one designed for emergency release, uncrossmatched transfusion of LTOWB as part of a massive transfusion protocol (MTP) and one for high‐risk obstetric patients with known placental abnormalities. A total of 7 PPH patients have received a total of 17 units of LTOWB between the two institutions. No severe adverse transfusion reactions were observed clinically in either institution and the clinical outcomes were favorable in all cases.CONCLUSIONIn our early experience, LTOWB can be implemented for two different PPH clinical scenarios. Larger studies are needed to compare outcomes between LTOWB and traditional component resuscitation strategies.