bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research perspectives and state-of-the-art methods in photovoltaic microgrids
Authors: Thangam Thomas , K. Muthuvel , Kazem Hussein A. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Increased investment of a photovoltaic (PV) array makes it essential for the client to attain better results from the PV system. The nonlinearity of the PV array and the revolution and rotation of the earth require the appliance of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to the system. Accordingly, grid connected PV systems have turn out to be renowned, because they do not require battery back-ups to accomplish MPPT. Stand-alone systems could also attain MPPT; however, they require appropriate battery back-ups for this function.

Design/methodology/approach
This survey intends to formulate a review on the PV-based microgrid (MG) systems. Here, the literature analyses on diverse techniques associated with PV-based MG systems. It reviews 65 research papers and states the significant analysis. Initially, the analysis depicts various controllers that are contributed in different papers. Subsequently, the analysis also focuses on various features such as PV capacity and inverter topology, and it also analyses the renewable grid source that are exploited in each paper. Furthermore, this paper provides the detailed study regarding the chronological review and performance achievements in each contribution. Finally, it extends the various research issues which can be useful for the researchers to accomplish further research on PV-based MG systems.

Findings
This paper has presented a detailed review on PV-based MG systems that were enumerated in the above sections. Here, various controllers along with their better achievements were analyzed and described. From the review, it was known that several PV-based MG systems were really at the point for enabling better power output and conversion efficiency. In conclusion, this paper reviewed about 65 research papers and declared the significant analysis. Initially, the analysis also focused on various controller classifications in PV-based MG systems that were reviewed in this paper. Subsequently, the analysis also focused on various features, such as PV capacity and inverter topology. The analysis also reviewed the performance achievements and renewable gird source that were exploited in PV-based MG systems. At last, this paper has presented various research issues which can be useful for the researchers to accomplish further research on the features of PV-based MG systems.

Originality/value
This paper presents a brief analysis of PV-based MG systems. This is the first work that uses PV-based MG systems for better regulation of MPPT.
E190V substitution of H6 hemagglutinin is one of key factors for binding to sulfated sialylated glycan receptor and infection to chickens
Authors: Kikutani Yuto , Okamatsu Masatoshi , Nishihara Shoko , Takase‐Yoden Sayaka , Hiono Takahiro , de Vries Robert P. , McBride Ryan , Matsuno Keita , Kida Hiroshi , Sakoda Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAvian influenza viruses (AIVs) recognize sialic acid linked α2,3 to galactose (SAα2,3Gal) glycans as receptors. In this study, the interactions between hemagglutinins (HAs) of AIVs and sulfated SAα2,3Gal glycans were analyzed to clarify the molecular basis of interspecies transmission of AIVs from ducks to chickens. It was revealed that E190V and N192D substitutions of the HA increased the recovery of viruses derived from an H6 duck virus isolate, A/duck/Hong Kong/960/1980 (H6N2), in chickens. Recombinant HAs from an H6 chicken virus, A/chicken/Tainan/V156/1999 (H6N1), bound to sulfated SAα2,3Gal glycans, whereas the HAs from an H6 duck virus did not. Binding preference of mutant HAs revealed that an E190V substitution is critical for the recognition of sulfated SAα2,3Gal glycans. These results suggest that the binding of the HA from H6 AIVs to sulfated SAα2,3Gal glycans explains a part of mechanisms of interspecies transmission of AIVs from ducks to chickens.
Sex‐independent senescence in a cooperatively breeding mammal
Authors: Thorley Jack , Duncan Christopher , Sharp Stuart P. , Gaynor David , Manser Marta B. , Clutton‐Brock Tim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearchers studying mammals have frequently interpreted earlier or faster rates of ageing in males as resulting from polygyny and the associated higher costs of reproductive competition.Yet, few studies conducted on wild populations have compared sex‐specific senescence trajectories outside of polygynous species, making it difficult to make generalized inferences on the role of reproductive competition in driving senescence, particularly when other differences between males and females might also contribute to sex‐specific changes in performance across lifespan.Here, we examine age‐related variation in body mass, reproductive output and survival in dominant male and female meerkats,Suricata suricatta. Meerkats are socially monogamous cooperative breeders where a single dominant pair virtually monopolizes reproduction in each group and subordinate group members help to rear offspring produced by breeders.In contrast to many polygynous societies, we find that neither the onset nor the rate of senescence in body mass or reproductive output shows clear differences between males and females. Both sexes also display similar patterns of age‐related survival across lifespan, but unlike most wild vertebrates, survival senescence (increases in annual mortality with rising age) was absent in dominants of both sexes, and as a result, the fitness costs of senescence were entirely attributable to declines in reproductive output from mid‐ to late‐life.We suggest that the potential for intrasexual competition to increase rates of senescence in females—who are hormonally masculinized and frequently aggressive—is offset by their ability to maintain longer tenures of dominance than males, and that these processes when combined lead to similar patterns of senescence in both sexes.Our results stress the need to consider the form and intensity of sexual competition as well as other sex‐specific features of life history when investigating the operation of senescence in wild populations.
Who is eating fructose within the Aedes albopictus gut microbiota?
Authors: Guégan Morgane , Tran Van Van , Martin Edwige , Minard Guillaume , Tran Florence‐Hélène , Fel Benjamin , Hay Anne‐Emmanuelle , Simon Laurent , Barakat Mohamed , Potier Patrick , Haichar Feth el Zahar , Valiente Moro Claire 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is a major public health concern because of its invasive success and its ability to transmit pathogens. Given the low availability of treatments against mosquito‐borne diseases, vector control remains the most suitable strategy. The methods used thus far are becoming less effective, but recent strategies have emerged from the study of mosquito‐associated microorganisms. Although the role of the microbiota in insect biology does not require further proof, much remains to be deciphered in mosquitoes, especially the contribution of the microbiota to host nutrient metabolism. Mosquitoes feed on plant nectar, composed of mostly fructose. We used stable isotope probing to identify bacteria and fungi assimilating fructose within the gut of Ae. albopictus. Mosquitoes were fed a 13C‐labelled fructose solution for 24 h. Differences in the active microbial community according to the sex of mosquitoes were highlighted. The bacterium Lelliottia and the fungi Cladosporium and Aspergillus dominated the active microbiota in males, whereas the bacterium Ampullimonas and the yeast Cyberlindnera were the most active in females. This study is the first to investigate trophic interactions between Ae. albopictus and its microbiota, thus underscoring the importance of the microbial component in nectar feeding in mosquitoes.
Covenanting for Nature: A Comparative Study of the Utility and Potential of Conservation Covenants
Authors: Rodgers Christopher , Grinlinton David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConservation covenants over private land are extensively used in some jurisdictions to secure a wide range of public benefits: in some cases primarily to promote nature conservation, while elsewhere to foster conservation alongside greater public access to ‘green’ space. This article considers the use of conservation covenants in New Zealand, Scotland, and England and Wales. It argues that they can play a unique role in balancing nature conservation, property rights and increased public access to private land. It reviews proposals for new legislation in England and Wales and argues that, if it is to be successful, the potential of conservation covenants to secure greater public access to private land should be more strongly emphasised. Their successful use in New Zealand shows that, while recognising the important balancing function that they can perform, this emphasis is critically important if covenants are to fulfil their potential to ‘reconnect’ people and nature.
The State as Both Regulator and Player: The Politics of Transfer of Development Rights in China
Authors: Shao Zinan , Xu Jiang , Chung Calvin King Lam , Spit Tejo , Wu Qun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe conventional argument that the introduction of transfer of development rights (TDR) shifts the power of land use regulation from the state to the market is increasingly under challenge. In China, the state's grip on land is reinforced through TDR, in which the state is both regulator and player. This state‐dominated form of TDR affects China in three ways. First, competing aspirations of different scales of government complicate how TDR is implemented. Although the central state promotes TDR to maintain a national balance of arable land, some local states instrumentalize it to expand their landed basis of accumulation. Secondly, TDR tends to benefit the state but not its people. It may increase the fiscal income of the sending government and lessen the land shortage of the receiving government, but sometimes at the expense of the interests of land users without land ownership. Thirdly, given the state's deep involvement in TDR programs, the key for China's TDR to protect arable land lies not so much in clear property rights or a fully fledged market as in effective checks and balances regarding the state's powers over TDR. These three observations attest to the embeddedness of TDR in the local political economy.
Co‐existence or displacement: Do street trials of intelligent vehicles test society?
Authors: Marres Noortje 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper examines recent street tests of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in the UK and makes the case for an experimental approach in the sociology of intelligent technology. In recent years intelligent vehicle testing has moved from the laboratory to the street, raising the question of whether technology trials equally constitute tests of society. To adequately address this question, I argue, we need to move beyond analytic frameworks developed in 1990s Science and Technology Studies, which stipulated “a social deficit” of both intelligent technology and technology testing. This diagnosis no longer provides an effective starting point for sociological analysis, as real‐world tests of intelligent technology explicitly seek to bring social phenomena within the remit of technology testing. I propose that we examine instead whether and how the introduction of intelligent vehicles into the street involves the qualification and re‐qualification of relations and dynamics between social actors. I develop this proposal through a discussion of a field study of AV street trials in three cities in the UK—London, Milton Keynes, and Coventry. These urban trials were accompanied by the claim that automotive testing on the open road will enable cars to operate in tune with the social environment, and I show how iterations of street testing undo this proposition and compel its reformulation. Current test designs are limited by their narrow conception of sociality in terms of interaction between cars and other road users. They exclude from consideration the relational capacities of vehicles and human road users alike—their ability to co‐exist on the open road. I conclude by making the case for methodological innovation in social studies of intelligent technology: by combining social research and design methods, we can re‐purpose real‐world test environments in order to elucidate social issues and dynamics raised by intelligent vehicles in society by experimental means, and, possibly, test society.
Detection of circulating tumor DNA from non‐small cell lung cancer brain metastasis in cerebrospinal fluid samples
Authors: Ma Chunhua , Yang Xueling , Xing Wenge , Yu Haipeng , Si Tongguo , Guo Zhi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvaluating the molecular characteristics of brain metastases is limited by difficult access and by the blood–brain barrier, which prevents circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from entering the blood. In this study, we aimed to compare the sequencing results from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ctDNA versus plasma ctDNA, plasma circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and brain tissue specimens from patients with brain metastasis from non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsThis was a prospective study of 21 consecutive patients with NSCLC and brain metastasis diagnosed between April 2018 and January 2019. Samples of CSF and peripheral blood were obtained from all 21 patients. Brain tissues were obtained from five patients after surgical resection. Next‐generation sequencing was performed using the Ion system. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions or deletions (indels) were searched.ResultsMutations were detected in the CSF ctDNA of 20 (95.2%) patients. The detection rate of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in CSF ctDNA was 57.1% (12/21) whereas this rate was only 23.8% (5/21) in peripheral blood ctDNA and in CTCs. EGFR mutations were found in the CSF of 9 of 11 (81.8%) patients with leptomeningeal metastases, as compared with three of 10 (30%) patients with brain parenchymal metastases. Mutations were also detected in KIT, PIK3CA, TP53, SMAD4, ATM, SMARCB1, PTEN, FLT3, GNAS, STK11, MET, CTNNB1, APC, FBXW7, ERBB4, and KDR (all >10%). The status of EGFR and TP53 mutations was consistent between CSF ctDNA and brain lesion tissue in all five patients.ConclusionSequencing of CSF ctDNA revealed specific mutation patterns in driver genes among patients with NSCLC and brain metastasis.Key pointsIn some small‐sample studies, the importance of cerebrospinal fluid in guiding the treatment of cancerous brain lesions has been verified in that it may reflect genomic mutations of brain tumors relatively accurately.Cerebrospinal fluid is a new form of liquid biopsy that can be helpful in improving the management of patients with brain metastasis from non‐small cell lung cancer by detecting genetic abnormalities specific to brain metastases.
Metformin mediates cardioprotection against aging‐induced ischemic necroptosis
Authors: Li Chen , Mu Nan , Gu Chunhu , Liu Manling , Yang Zheng , Yin Yue , Chen Mai , Wang Yishi , Han Yuehu , Yu Lu , Ma Heng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNecroptosis is crucially involved in severe cardiac pathological conditions. However, whether necroptosis contributes to age‐related intolerance to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains elusive. In addition, metformin as a potential anti‐aging related injury drug, how it interacts with myocardial necroptosis is not yet clear. Male C57BL/6 mice at 3–4‐ (young) and 22–24 months of age (aged) and RIPK3‐deficient (Ripk3−/−) mice were used to investigate aging‐related I/R injury in vivo. Metformin (125 μg/kg, i.p.), necrostatin‐1 (3.5 mg/kg), and adenovirus vector encoding p62‐shRNAs (Ad‐sh‐p62) were used to treat aging mice. I/R‐induced myocardial necroptosis was exaggerated in aged mice, which correlated with autophagy defects characterized by p62 accumulation in aged hearts or aged human myocardium. Functionally, blocking autophagic flux promoted H/R‐evoked cardiomyocyte necroptosis in vitro. We further revealed that p62 forms a complex with RIP1‐RIP3 (necrosome) and promotes the binding of RIP1 and RIP3. In mice, necrostatin‐1 treatment (a RIP1 inhibitor), RIP3 deficiency, and cardiac p62 knockdown in vivo demonstrated that p62‐RIP1‐RIP3‐dependent myocardial necroptosis contributes to aging‐related myocardial vulnerability to I/R injury. Notably, metformin treatment disrupted p62‐RIP1‐RIP3 complexes and effectively repressed I/R‐induced necroptosis in aged hearts, ultimately reducing mortality in this model. These findings highlight previously unknown mechanisms of aging‐related myocardial ischemic vulnerability: p62‐necrosome‐dependent necroptosis. Metformin acts as a cardioprotective agent that inhibits this unfavorable chain mechanism of aging‐related I/R susceptibility.
Outcomes of an acute care surgery model: a 10‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Kaya Cigdem , Yang Phillip F. , Wong Shing W. , Truskett Philip G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany hospitals across Australia and New Zealand have implemented acute care surgery (ACS) models over the past decade, often with improved outcomes such as reductions in wait time to surgery, complications and length of stay. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients who underwent non‐elective appendicectomy and cholecystectomy and compare these with the results observed shortly after the implementation of an ACS model at our institution 10 years earlier.MethodsA retrospective review of contemporary patients who underwent non‐elective appendicectomy and cholecystectomy compared with historical data was performed. Primary outcomes were wait time to surgery, surgical complications and length of stay.ResultsIn the contemporary cohort, 263 patients underwent non‐elective appendicectomy over a 1‐year period compared with 226 patients in the historical cohort. The median wait time to surgery had increased (17.7 versus 9.6 h, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in a composite end‐point of complications and readmissions (8.0% versus 9.3%, P = 0.61). The length of stay was unchanged. There was greater use of preoperative imaging and reduced overnight operating. For non‐elective cholecystectomies, 132 patients underwent this procedure in the contemporary cohort over a 2‐year period compared with 115 patients in the historical cohort. There were no significant differences in wait time to surgery (2 versus 1 day, P = 0.13) or complications (9.8% versus 8.7%, P = 0.75). The length of stay was unchanged.ConclusionThe majority of improvements seen shortly following the implementation of an ACS model have been sustained after 10 years.
Is arterial stiffness in the carotid artery associated with choroidal thinning in patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum or controls?
Authors: Risseeuw Sara , Bartstra Jonas , Ossewaarde – van Norel Jeannette , Geurts Lennart J. , Li Catherina H.Z. , Imhof Saskia M. , Spiering Wilko , de Jong Pim A. , van Leeuwen Redmer 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposePatients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) develop calcification of Bruch's membrane (BM) and choroidal thinning, as well as calcification of intracranial arteries, leading to arterial stiffness. We investigated whether arterial stiffness is associated with choroidal thinning in PXE patients, besides the presumed effect of BM calcification.MethodsCross‐sectional study with 75 PXE patients and 40 controls. Macular choroidal thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography scans. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to calculate the pulsatility index (PI) of the carotid siphon as a measure of arterial stiffness. Associations between PI and choroidal thickness were investigated using linear mixed effects models adjusted for age and ocular axial length. Furthermore, we investigated choroidal thickness in relation to the presence of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy, its topographical distribution and age.ResultsMedian age was 58 years (IQR 53–66) in PXE patients and 62 years (IQR 56–67) in controls (p = 0.08). Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) patients had a thinner choroid than controls (138 μm versus 248 μm, p < 0.01). No association was observed between PI and choroidal thickness in PXE patients (β = −1.6, 95% CI −59.4 to 54.5) nor in controls (β =−47.6, 95% CI −129.7 to 31.9). In PXE patients, RPE atrophy was associated with a thinner choroid (p < 0.01). Also, the nasal choroid was thinner than the temporal choroid, and choroidal thickness already decreased with age in PXE eyes without RPE atrophy.ConclusionThere was no independent association between measures of arterial stiffness and choroidal thinning in PXE patients and controls. Probably, changes in BM lead to choroidal thinning in PXE.
Cerebral and peripheral tissue oxygenation in stable neonates: Absent influence of cardiac function
Authors: Bruckner Marlies , Binder‐Heschl Corinna , Schwaberger Bernhard , Mileder Lukas Peter , Baik‐Schneditz Nariae , Koestenberger Martin , Avian Alexander , Urlesberger Berndt , Pichler Gerhard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimCardiac function is a major factor for tissue perfusion and therefore may affect the tissue oxygen saturation. Aim was to analyse possible associations between cardiac function parameters and cerebral and peripheral tissue oxygenation in neonates on the first day after birth.MethodsFor the present study, we analysed secondary outcome parameters of a previously performed prospective single centre observational study. The prospective study was conducted at the Medical University of Graz, Austria between September 2011 and June 2013. We included preterm and term neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and in whom simultaneous near‐infrared spectroscopy measurements and echocardiography were obtained on the first day after birth. Cardiac function parameters were correlated to cerebral and peripheral tissue oxygen saturation and cerebral and peripheral fractional tissue oxygen extraction at the time of echocardiography.ResultsA total of 60 neonates of whom 47 were preterm and 13 were term (median gestational age: 34; IQR 33‐35 weeks, mean birth weight: 2276 ± 774 grams) were included. There were no statistically significant correlations between cardiac function parameters and regional tissue oxygenation parameters.ConclusionIn the present study, we found no correlation between regional tissue oxygenation and parameters of cardiac function in cardio‐circulatory stable neonates on the first day after birth.
Upregulation ofAKR1C1in mesenchymal stromal cells promotes the survival of acute myeloid leukaemia cells
Authors: Jiang Yajing , Li Ying , Cheng Jingying , Ma Jiao , Li Qinghua , Pang Tianxiang 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe leukaemic bone marrow microenvironment, comprising abnormal mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), is responsible for the poor prognosis of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Therefore, it is essential to determine the mechanisms underlying the supportive role of MSCs in the survival of leukaemia cells. Throughin silicoanalyses, we identified a total of 271 aberrantly expressed genes in the MSCs derived from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients that were associated with adipogenic differentiation, of which aldo‐keto reductase 1C1 (AKR1C1) was significantly upregulated in the AML‐MSCs. Knockdown ofAKR1C1in the MSCs suppressed adipogenesis and promoted osteogenesis, and inhibited the growth of co‐cultured AML cell lines compared to the situation in wild‐ type AML‐derived MSCs. Introduction of recombinant human AKR1C1 in the MSCs partially alleviated the effects ofAKR1C1knockdown. In addition, the absence ofAKR1C1reduced secretion of cytokines such as MCP‐1, IL‐6 and G‐CSF from the MSCs, along with inactivation of STAT3 and ERK1/2 in the co‐cultured AML cells.AKR1C1is an essential factor driving the adipogenic differentiation of leukaemic MSCs and mediates its pro‐survival effects on AML cells by promoting cytokine secretion and activating the downstream pathways in the AML cells.