bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of early pioneer neurons in the annelid Malacoceros fuliginosus
Authors: Kumar Suman , Tumu Sharat Chandra , Helm Conrad , Hausen Harald 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Nervous system development is an interplay of many processes: the formation of individual neurons, which depends on whole-body and local patterning processes, and the coordinated growth of neurites and synapse formation. While knowledge of neural patterning in several animal groups is increasing, data on pioneer neurons that create the early axonal scaffold are scarce. Here we studied the first steps of nervous system development in the annelid Malacoceros fuliginosus .

Results

Here, we performed a dense expression profiling of a broad set of neural genes. We found that SoxB expression begins at 4 hours postfertilization, and shortly later, the neuronal progenitors can be identified at the anterior and the posterior pole by the transient and dynamic expression of proneural genes. At 9 hpf, the first neuronal cells start differentiating, and we provide a detailed description of axonal outgrowth of the pioneer neurons that create the primary neuronal scaffold. Tracing back the clonal origin of the ventral nerve cord pioneer neuron revealed that it is a descendant of the blastomere 2d (2d 221 ), which after 7 cleavages starts expressing Neurogenin , Achaete-Scute and NeuroD .

Conclusions

We propose that an anterior and posterior origin of the nervous system is ancestral in annelids. The specification of the relevant neurons starts very early and we suggest that closer examination of the first pioneer neurons will be valuable in better understanding of nervous system development in spirally cleaving animals, to determine the potential role of cell-intrinsic properties in neuronal specification and to resolve the evolution of nervous systems.
Sex-specific Prevalence of coronary heart disease among Tehranian adult population across different glycemic status: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 2008-2011
Authors: Moazzeni Seyyed Saeed , Ghafelehbashi Hamidreza , Hasheminia Mitra , Parizadeh Donna , Ghanbarian Arash , Azizi Freidoun , Hadaegh Farzad 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the main causes of deaths. Alarmingly Iranian populations had a high rank of CHD worldwide. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of CHD across different glycemic categories. Methods: This study was conducted on 7,718 Tehranian participants (Men=3427) aged ≥ 30 years from 2008 to 2011. They were categorized based on glycemic status. The prevalence of CHD was calculated in each group, separately. CHD was defined as hospital records adjudicated by an outcome committee. The association of different glycemic categories with CHD was calculated using multivariate logistic regression, compared with normal fasting glucose /normal glucose tolerance (NFG/NGT) group as reference. Results: The age-standardized prevalence of isolated impaired fasting glucose (iIFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (iIGT), both impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT), newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (NDM), and known diabetes mellitus (KDM) were 14.30% [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.50-15.09], 4.81% [4.32-5.29], 5.19% [4.71-5.67], 5.79% [5.29-6.28] and 7.72% [7.17-8.27], respectively. Among a total of 750 individuals diagnosed as cases of CHD (398 in men), 117 (15.6%), 453 (60.4%), and 317 (42.3%) had history of myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac procedure, and unstable angina, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence of CHD for Tehranian population was 7.71% [7.18-8.24] in total population, 8.62 [7.81-9.44] in men and 7.19 [6.46-7.93] in women. Moreover, among diabetic participants, the age-standardized prevalence of CHD were 13.10 [9.83-16.38] in men 10.67 [8.90-12.44] in women, respectively, which were significantly higher than corresponding values for NFG/NGT and prediabetic groups. Across 6 levels of glycemic status, CHD was associated with IFG/IGT [ odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI: 1.38 (1.01-1.89)], NDM [1.83 (1.40-2.41)], and KDM [2.83 (2.26-3.55)] groups, in the age and sex adjusted model. Furthermore, in the full-adjusted model, only NDM and KDM status remained to be associated with the presence of CHD by ORs of 1.40 (1.06-1.85) for NDM and 1.90 (1.50-2.41) for KDM. Conclusion: The high prevalence of CHD, especially among diabetic populations, necessitates urgent implementation of behavioral interventions among Tehranian population, according to evidence-based guidelines for the clinical management of diabetic patients.
The relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality in the older people: an updated and dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: He Mengyang , Deng Xiangling , Zhu Yuqing , Huan Luyao , Niu Wenquan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Short or long sleep duration is proposed as a potential risk factor for all-cause mortality in the older people, yet the results of published studies are not often reproducible. Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether short or long sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in the older people via a comprehensive meta-analysis. Methods: Literature retrieval, study selection and data extraction were completed independently and in duplicate. Effect-size estimates are expressed as relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Summary data from 35 articles, involving a total of 106990 older people, were meta-analyzed. Overall analyses revealed a significant association between long sleep duration and all-cause mortality (RR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.19-1.35, P <.001), whereas marginal significance was observed for short sleep duration (RR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.00-1.09; P =.045). There was a low probability of publication bias as indicated by Egger’s test for the association between sleep duration and all-cause mortality. In subgroup analyses, the association between long sleep duration and all-cause mortality was relatively strong in women (RR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.18-1.85, P =.002) relative to men (RR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.10-1.50, P =.001) (Two-sample Z test P = .219). Further dose-response regression analyses showed that trend estimation was not obvious for short sleep duration ( P = .016) compared with long sleep duration ( P < .001), indicating a J-shaped relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a J-shaped relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality in the older people, with long sleep duration significantly associating with all-cause mortality, especially in women.
Clinical Implications of 37 Childhood Cases with SARS-COV-2 Infection in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Wang Yanrong , LIU Yingxia , Yang Yang , WANG Xianfeng , LIU Lei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in December 2019 in samples obtained from a 61 years old man who died of acute respiratory failure in the city of Wuhan, China with a subsequent outbreak in China. Till now, there were rare reports about childhood patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We report 37 children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted in the Third People’s hospital of Shenzhen from December 11, 2019 to February 11, 2020. Results There were 9 mild cases, 20 ordinary cases and 1 severe case and 7 cases with asymptomatic infection. The age ranged from 7 months to 17 years old and the median age was 7 years old. The median length of hospital stay is about 14 days. The time from illness onset to diagnosis ranged from 0.5 to 10 days (median time: 2 days). The common clinical features were fever (29.7%, 11/37) and cough (32.4%, 12/37). No death occurred among our patients. 86.5% (32/37) children were infected with SARS-CoV-2 after their family members (parents or grandparents). 1 child was identified with SARS-CoV-2 infection after 3 times testing. The majority (78.4%) of cases occurred in those children who travelled to Hubei Province. Conclusions The majority of childhood cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection was mild or ordinary COVID-19 and had travelled to Hubei Province. Family cluster transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was suspected in 86.5% of patients. Timely continuous SARS-CoV-2 pathogen testing is recommended. Key words: SARS-CoV-2; infection; children
Using a Hepatitis B surveillance system evaluation in Fujian, Hainan, and Gansu Provinces to improve data quality and assess program effectiveness, China, 2015
Authors: Zheng Hui , Millman Alexander J. , Rainey Jeanette J. , Wang Fuzhen , Zhang Rui , Chen Hong , Yin Zundong , Wang Huaqing , zhang Guomin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Monitoring hepatitis B surveillance data is important for evaluating progress towards global hepatitis B elimination goals. Accurate classification of acute and chronic hepatitis infections is essential for assessing program effectiveness. Methods: We evaluated hepatitis B case-reporting at six hospitals in Fujian, Hainan and Gansu provinces in 2015 to assess the accuracy of case classification. We linked National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS) HBV case-reports with hospital information systems and extracted information on age, gender, admission ward and viral hepatitis diagnosis from medical records. To assess accuracy, we compared NNDRS reported case-classifications with the national HBV case definitions. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with misclassification. Results: Of the 1,420 HBV cases reported to NNDRS, 23 (6.5%) of the 352 acute reports and 648 (60.7%) of the 1,068 chronic reports were correctly classified. Of the remaining, 318 (22.4%) were misclassified and 431 (30.4%) could not be classified due to the lack of supporting information. Based on the multivariable analysis, HBV cases reported from Hainan (aOR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.4) and Gansu (aOR=12.7; 95% CI: 7.7-20.1) along with reports from grade 2 hospitals (aOR=1.6; 95% CI:1.2-2.2) and those from non-HBV related departments (aOR=5.3; 95% CI: 4.1-7.0) were independently associated with being ‘misclassified’ in NNDRS. Conclusions: We identified discrepancies in the accuracy of HBV case-reporting in the project hospitals. Onsite training on the use of anti-HBc IgM testing as well as on HBV case definitions and reporting procedures are needed to accurately assess program effectiveness and ensure case-patients are referred to appropriate treatment and care. Routine surveillance evaluations such as this can be useful for improving data quality and monitoring program effectiveness.
Progress towards the 2020 Fast Track HIV/AIDS reduction targets across ages in Ethiopia as compared to neighboring countries using Global Burden of Diseases 2017 data
Authors: Mirkuzie Alemnesh H. , Ali Solomon , Abate Ebba , Worku Asnake , Misganaw Awoke 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.3, targets to eliminate HIV from being a public health threat by 2030. For better tracking of this target interim Fast Track milestones for 2020 and composite complementary measures have been indicated. This study measured the Fast Track progress in the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia across ages compared to neighboring countries. MethodsThe National Data Management Center for health's research team at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute has analyzed the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 secondary data for the year 2010 to 2017 for Ethiopia and its neighbors. GBD 2017 data sources were census, demographic and a health survey, prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission, antiretroviral treatment programs, sentinel surveillance, and UNAIDS reports. Age-standardized and age-specific HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, mortality, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), incidence:mortality ratio and incidence:prevalence ratio were calculated with corresponding 95% confidence intervals.ResultsEthiopia and neighboring countries recorded slow progress in reducing new HIV infection since 2010. Only Uganda would achieve the 75% target by 2020. Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda already achieved the 75% mortality reduction target set for 2020. The incidence: prevalence ratio for Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Uganda were < 0.03, indicating the countries were on track to end HIV by 2030. Ethiopia had an incidence: mortality ratio <1 due to high mortality; while Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda had a ratio of >1 due to high incidence. The HIV incidence rate in Ethiopia was dropped by 76% among under 5 children in 2017 compared to 2010 and the country would likely to attain the 2020 national target, but far behind achieving the target among the 15-49 age group.ConclusionsEthiopia and neighboring countries have made remarkable progress towards achieving the 75% HIV/AIDS mortality reduction target by 2020, although they progressed poorly in reducing HIV incidence. By recording an incidence:prevalence ratio benchmark of less than 0.03, Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Uganda are well heading towards epidemic control. Nonetheless, the high HIV/AIDS mortality rate in Ethiopia for its incidence requires innovative strategies to reach out undiagnosed cases and to build institutional capacity for generating strong evidence to ensure sustainable epidemic control.
Loss of survival advantage for deficient mismatch repair in patients with advanced colorectal cancer may be caused by changes in prognostic value of CD8+T cell
Authors: Wang Bingyan , Li Fei , Guo Limei , Lu Siyi , Ma Junren , Ma Yanpeng , Meng Yan , Wang Junwei , Zhou Xin , Fu Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Patients with stage II deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) show a better prognosis than patients with colorectal cancer with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR). However, this beneficial effect is decreased in advanced stages of the disease. This study was conducted to investigate the prognostic value of dMMR and alterations in the tumour microenvironment.Methods: This was a matched retrospective cohort study. Thirty-two patients with stage III&IV dMMR matched with 32 patients with stage I&II dMMR and 64 patients with pMMR were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed for the 64 patients with dMMR to explore the expression and prognostic effect of CD3, CD4, CD8, and PD-L1.Results: Patients with stage III-IV dMMR showed no advantage in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) compared to patients with pMMR (P = 0.244, P = 0.667). No expression differences in CD3, CD4, CD8, and PD-L1 at the centre of the tumour (CT) or invasive margin (IM) were found between patients with stage I&II and stage III&IV dMMR. High CD3 expression at the CT and high CD3 an CD4 expression at the IM improved both OS and DFS. High CD8 expression showed opposite prognostic value in patients with stage I&II and III&IV dMMR. A similar tendency was observed for PD-L1 expression.Conclusion: Patients with stage III-IV dMMR showed no prognostic advantage over patients with pMMR. Expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, and PD-L1 was similar between stage I&II and III&IV dMMR CRC. High CD3 expression at the CT and high CD3 and CD4 expression at the IM can significantly improve patient prognosis. The opposite prognostic tendency of CD8 and PD-L1 for patients with stage I&II and III&IV dMMR may be relevant to CD8+T cell exhaustion and functional changes at inhibitory immune checkpoints.
Fabry disease screening in high-risk populations in Japan: A nationwide study
Authors: Yoshida Shinichiro , Kido Jun , Sawada Takaaki , Momosaki Ken , Sugawara Keishin , Matsumoto Shirou , Endo Fumio , Nakamura Kimitoshi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Fabry disease (FD) is a X-linked inherited disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene, which results in the deficiency of α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A). This leads to the progressive accumulation of metabolites, which can cause malfunctions in systemic organs. A recent screening study among neonates reported an increase in the incidence of FD, and numerous FD patients remain undiagnosed or even misdiagnosed . Therefore, this study aimed to identify patients with FD by performing high-risk screening in 18,135 individuals, enrolled from October 2006 to March 2019, with renal, cardiac, or neurological manifestations from all prefectures in Japan . A total of 601 hospitals participated in this study.

Results: Low α-Gal A activity was detected in 846 individuals, with 224 of them diagnosed with FD by GLA sequencing. Cases with a family history of FD (n = 64) were also subjected to sequencing, without α-Gal A assay, as per individual request, and 12 of them were diagnosed with a variant of FD. A total of 236 patients with FD (97 males and 139 females) were identified from among 18,199 participants. A total of 101 GLA variants, including 26 novel variants, were detected in the 236 patients with FD from 143 families, with 39 amenable variants (39%) and 79 of the 236 patients (33%) suitable for migalastat treatment.

Conclusions: From among 18,199 participants, 101 GLA variants, including 26 novel variants, were identified in the 236 patients with FD from 143 families. Migalastat was identified as a suitable treatment option in 33% of the patients with FD and 39% of the GLA variants were detected as amenable. Therefore, the simple screening protocol using dried blood spots that was performed in this study could be useful for early diagnosis and selection of appropriate treatments for FD in high-risk and underdiagnosed patients with various renal, cardiac, or neurological manifestations.
Feasibility testing of a community dialogue approach for promoting the uptake of family planning and contraceptive services in Zambia
Authors: Munakampe Margarate Nzala , Nkole Theresa , Silumbwe Adam , Zulu Joseph Mumba , Cordero Joanna Paula , Steyn Petrus S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Community dialogues have been used in participatory approaches in various health prevention and awareness programs, including family planning interventions, to increase understanding and alignment of particular issues from different peoples’ perspectives. The main objective of this paper is to document the feasibility of a community dialogue approach, which aimed to promote dialogue between healthcare providers and community members. The feasibility testing was part of formative-phase research needed to design an intervention, with the ultimate goal of increasing the uptake of family planning and contraception. The community dialogue intervention generated discussions on key approaches to improve family planning and contraception provision and uptake. Methods: Key stages of the community dialogue were undertaken, with representation from healthcare providers and community members. Participants included frontline and managerial health care providers, community health workers, family planning and contraception users, the youth, other stakeholders from the education sector, and civil society. How the dialogue was implemented (operational feasibility) as well as the cultural feasibility of the community dialogue content was evaluated through participant observations during the dialogue, using a standardised feasibility testing tick-list, and through focus group discussions with the stakeholders who participated in the community dialogue. Results: Overall, 21 of the 30 invited participants attended the meeting- 70 per cent attendance. The approach facilitated discussions on how quality care could be achieved in family planning and contraception provision, guided by the ground rules that were agreed upon by the different stakeholders. A need for more time for the discussion was noted. Participants also noted the need for more balanced representation from adolescents as well as other family planning stakeholders, such as community members, especially in comparison to healthcare providers. Some participants were not comfortable with the language used. Young people felt older participants used complicated terminologies while community members felt the health care providers outnumbered them, in terms of representation. Conclusion: Generally, the community dialogue was well received by the community members and the healthcare providers, as was observed from the sentiments expressed by both categories. Some key considerations for refining the approach included soliciting maximum participation from otherwise marginalized groups like the youth would provide stronger representation.
Comparison of surgical outcomes between isolated pancreaticojejunostomy, isolated gastrojejunostomy, and conventional pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: yunxiao lyu , Wang Bin , Cheng Yunxiao , Xu Yueming , Du WeiBing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background We aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of the following procedures after pancreaticoduodenectomy: isolated pancreaticojejunostomy, isolated gastrojejunostomy, and conventional pancreaticojejunostomy.Methods We performed a systematic search of the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov until 1 January 2020. Pooled odds ratios (OR) or weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using STATA 12.0 statistical software.Results Thirteen studies involving 1942 patients were included in this study. Pooled analysis showed that reoperation rates following isolated pancreaticojejunostomy were lower reoperation than with conventional pancreaticojejunostomy (OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.15–0.86, p=0.02, respectively), and that isolated pancreaticojejunostomy required longer operation time vs conventional pancreaticojejunostomy (WMD=43.61, 95% CI: 21.64–65.58, P=0.00). Regarding postoperative pancreatic fistula, clinically-relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula, delayed gastric emptying, clinically-relevant delayed gastric emptying, bile leakage, hemorrhage, reoperation, length of postoperative hospital stay, major complications, overall complications, and mortality, we found no significant differences for either isolated pancreaticojejunostomy versus conventional pancreaticojejunostomy or isolated gastrojejunostomy versus conventional pancreaticojejunostomy.Conclusions This study showed that isolated pancreaticojejunostomy was associated with a lower reoperation rate, but required longer operation time vs conventional pancreaticojejunostomy. Considering the limitations, high-quality randomized controlled trials are required.