bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards modelling the future risk of cyclone wave damage to the world's coral reefs
Authors: Puotinen Marji , Drost Edwin , Lowe Ryan , Depczynski Martial , Radford Ben , Heyward Andrew , Gilmour James 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTropical cyclones generate extreme waves that can damage coral reef communities. Recovery typically requires up to a decade, driving the trajectory of coral community structure. Coral reefs have evolved over millennia with cyclones. Increasingly, however, processes of recovery are interrupted and compromised by additional pressures (thermal stress, pollution, diseases, predators). Understanding how cyclones interact with other pressures to threaten coral reefs underpins spatial prioritization of conservation and management interventions. Models that simulate coral responses to cumulative pressures often assume that the worst cyclone wave damage occurs within ~100 km of the track. However, we show major coral loss at exposed sites up to 800 km from a cyclone that was both strong (high sustained wind speeds >=33 m/s) and big (widespread circulation >~300 km), using numerical wave models and field data from northwest Australia. We then calculate the return time of big and strong cyclones, big cyclones of any strength and strong cyclones of any size, for each of 150 coral reef ecoregions using a global data set of past cyclones from 1985 to 2015. For the coral ecoregions that regularly were exposed to cyclones during that time, we find that 75% of them were exposed to at least one cyclone that was both big and strong. Return intervals of big and strong cyclones are already less than 5 years for 13 ecoregions, primarily in the cyclone‐prone NW Pacific, and less than 10 years for an additional 14 ecoregions. We identify ecoregions likely at higher risk in future given projected changes in cyclone activity. Robust quantification of the spatial distribution of likely cyclone wave damage is vital not only for understanding past coral response to pressures, but also for predicting how this may change as the climate continues to warm and the relative frequency of the strongest cyclones rises.
Contact with renal sinus is associated with poor prognosis in surgically treated pT1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Izumi Keita , Saito Kazutaka , Nakayama Takayuki , Fukuda Shohei , Fukushima Hiroshi , Uehara Sho , Koga Fumitaka , Yonese Junji , Kageyama Yukio , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the prognostic significance of contact with the renal sinus in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.MethodsA total of 787 pT1N0M0 clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients who had undergone radical or partial nephrectomy were reviewed retrospectively. A tumor in contact with the renal sinus was defined as a tumor radiologically attached to the renal sinus. Metastatic‐free survival rates were analyzed in the total and propensity score‐matched cohorts. A risk score model for metastasis after surgery was developed.ResultsOf the 787 patients, 411 (52.2%) had tumors in contact with renal sinus. The contact with renal sinus group showed poorer metastatic‐free survival in both total and matched cohorts. In multivariate analysis, contact with renal sinus was an independent prognostic factor of metastasis, as well as Fuhrman grade, microvascular invasion and age. The scoring model likewise consisted of Fuhrman grade, microvascular invasion, age and contact with renal sinus. Metastasis‐free survival curves were clearly stratified according to risk, with 5‐year metastasis‐free survival rates of 95.7% and 65.2% in the low‐ and high‐risk groups, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionsContact with the renal sinus is a significant risk factor for metastasis in T1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma after surgery. More intensive follow up should be recommended for patients with renal cell carcinoma that is in contact with the renal sinus.
Cross‐cultural adaptation, translation, and validation of the Spanish Foot and Ankle Outcome Score questionnaire
Authors: Navarro‐Flores Emmanuel , Losa‐Iglesias Marta Elena , Becerro‐de‐Bengoa‐Vallejo Ricardo , Reina‐Bueno María , López‐López Daniel , Romero‐Morales Carlos , Palomo‐López Patricia , Calvo‐Lobo César 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Spanish Foot and Ankle Outcome Score questionnaire (FAOS‐S) may be considered a health evaluation tool with 42 questions for assessing foot health disorders. To date, FAOS has been validated in different languages, but a Spanish version was lacking. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to translate and validate the Spanish version of the FAOS (FAOS es). A suitable method was developed for the translation protocol and cross‐cultural validation from Swedish to Spanish. Regarding the total marks from each domain, agreement degrees and confidence were analysed using the Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficient, respectively. In addition, the mean ± SD differences between pretest and posttests were calculated and completed using of the Bland and Altman distribution plots. Excellent agreement between the two versions based on Cronbach's α was demonstrated. Five domains consisting of pain, symptoms of foot disorders, activities of daily living, sports and recreation, and foot and ankle quality of life were added together to obtain the total score. Excellent retest reliability was shown for the total score. Test/retest reliability was excellent for the pain, stiffness, other foot disorder‐related symptoms, and quality of life domains. There were no significant differences among any domain (P > .05). There were no statistically significant differences (P = .000) for the mean ± SD differences between pretest and posttests (56.2524 ± 19.064 [51.98–60.52] and 57.45 ± 21.02 [52.74–62.16] points, respectively). Bland and Altman plots or clinically pertinent variations were not statistically significantly different. The FAOS is considered a strong and valid questionnaire with adequate repeatability in the Spanish community.
Improved thermal conductivity of β‐Si3N4 ceramics by lowering SiO2/Y2O3 ratio using YH2 as sintering additive
Authors: Wang Weide , Yao Dongxu , Liang Hanqin , Xia Yongfeng , Zuo Kaihui , Yin Jinwei , Zeng Yu‐Ping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA two‐step sintering process was conducted to produce β‐Si3N4 ceramics with high thermal conductivity. During the first step, native SiO2 was eliminated, and Y2O3 was in situ generated by a metal hydride reduction process, resulting in a high Y2O3/SiO2 ratio. The substitution YH2 for Y2O3 endow Si3N4 ceramics with an increase of 29% in thermal conductivity from 95.3 to 123 W m−1 K−1 after sintered at 1900°C for 12 hours despite an inferior sinterability. This was primarily attributed to the purified enlarged grains, devitrified grain boundary phase, and reduced lattice oxygen content in the YH2‐MgO‐doped material.
Hidradenitis suppurativa: an update on epidemiology, phenotypes, diagnosis, pathogenesis, comorbidities and quality of life
Authors: Nguyen T.V. , Damiani G. , Orenstein L.A.V. , Hamzavi I. , Jemec G.B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that severely impairs patients' quality of life. It is characterized by recurrent painful nodules, abscesses and draining sinus tracts in primarily intertriginous areas. We aimed to review the most up‐to‐date information regarding the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic studies, pathogenesis, comorbidities and quality of life of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa. We performed a systematic search of Medline, Embase database (from inception to September 2019) and review of bibliographies without restrictions on year or language. HS has an estimated global prevalence of 0.00033–4.1% (but most likely 0.7–1.2% in the European‐US population). Patients still experience a significant diagnostic delay, up to several years. In the absence of pathognomonic tests, the diagnosis of HS is made from clinical observation and the disease narrative. Phenotypic variation renders diagnosis and severity assessment difficult. Ultrasound imaging is an emerging assessment tool for deep‐seated lesions. The Hurley Staging System is still widely used in severity rating. Follicular hyperkeratosis and dilatation, follicular rupture and chronic inflammation with architectural tissue changes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HS. HS has been associated with metabolic syndrome and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type II, polycystic ovarian syndrome, depression, suicide and substance use disorders. It has been linked to other immune‐mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and spondyloarthropathy. Pain, pruritus, malodour, low self‐esteem, sleep and sexual dysfunctions, and poor mental health are chronic symptoms or consequences of uncontrolled disease. HS is an under‐diagnosed and under‐treated disease with a profound negative impact on patients' quality of life. In the light of its associated comorbidities, an interdisciplinary management approach may be needed to ensure the best outcomes.
Profiling the pattern of human TRB/IGH‐CDR3 repertoire in liver transplantation patients via high‐throughput sequencing analysis
Authors: Han Fei‐fei , Fan Hua , Ren Lu‐lu , Wang Hua‐guang , Wang Chunlin , Ma Xu , Liu Li‐hong , He Qiang , Guo Chang‐long 
Published: May 2020

AbstractImmune processes in liver transplantation remain poorly understood. Acute allograft rejection in liver transplantation is a kind of T cell–mediated inflammatory disease accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. However, the effect of acute allograft rejection on the immunological characteristics of TCRs in peripheral blood mononuclear cell is unknown. In this study, we characterized the pattern of the human T cell receptor beta chain (TRB) and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) complementarity‐determining region 3 (CDR3) repertoires via high‐throughput sequencing in 11 acute allograft rejection (AG) cases, 23 patients with stable allograft liver function (ST) who had liver transplantation performed and 20 healthy controls (HC). The diversity of TRB‐CDR3 was significantly reduced in the AG group compared with the ST group and healthy controls (HC). The CDR3 and N‐addition length distribution were not significantly different between the AG and ST groups. However, N‐addition length distribution was significantly changed compared to HC. It seemed that AG used more short N‐additions and healthy people used more long N‐additions in TRB‐CDR3 repertoire. Our findings suggested that the TRB‐CDR3 region of AG had distinctive V gene use compared with that of HC. The characteristics of ST seemed to be in between those of AG and HC although the difference is not significant. Cluster analysis showed that the TRB repertoire could not effectively distinguish AG from ST. This research might give to a better understanding of the immune process of liver transplantation.
Validation of flood risk maps using open source optical and radar satellite imagery
Authors: Quirós Elia , Gagnon Alexandre S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFlood risk maps delineate areas potentially at risk of flooding and are thus a crucial tool in flood risk management. In Spain, such maps are provided as open geospatial data. This article compares the flood‐prone areas according to those maps for floods of different return periods with the spatial extent of two floods that severely affected southwestern Spain using open source optical and radar satellite imagery. Results using the recall metric were found to be very good and are the most relevant to emergency preparedness services as this metric focuses on the correctly predicted flooded areas. It was also found that the 500‐year flood risk map was the one with the best precision and accuracy for both flood events. The results confirm the accuracy of the flood risk maps based on open source remote sensing imagery and hence demonstrate the potential of publicly available and freely distributed remote sensing data in their development.
Pragmatic nativisation of thanking in South Asian Englishes
Authors: Funke Nina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs South Asian Englishes have been studied regarding their structural levels but only few studies have focused on their pragmatics, this study investigates thanking strategies in the spoken parts of the British, Indian, and Sri Lankan components of the International Corpus of English. The paper answers the questions: Do variety, speaker age and gender, context formality, position within the speaker turn, and the presence of a benefactor, intensifier, and reason influence the choice between thank and thanks; and what implications do these findings have for the notion of pragmatic nativisation? In a multifactorial analysis, a conditional inference tree identifies age, benefactor, intensifier, and variety as significant predictors while a random forest highlights the importance of variable interactions with variety.
Is There an Association Between Self-Reported Physical Activity and Self-Rated Vision Over Time? Results From the Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: McMullan Ilona I. , Bunting Brendan P. , Smith Lee , Koyanagi Ai , Tully Mark A. 
Published: May 2020

Research suggests that physical activity (PA) has many health benefits for an aging population. Evidence exploring the association between PA and vision is limited. This study includes the measures of self-reported PA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and self-rated vision at three points in time over a 6-year period used in the Irish Longitudinal study of Ageing, a cohort of community-dwelling older adults (50 years or older). A path analysis found that PA was indirectly associated with vision over 6 years controlling for age, sex, marital status, employment, education, depression (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), self-reported general health, cardiovascular disease (e.g., heart attack), high blood pressure, diabetes, eye disease (e.g., glaucoma, diabetic eye disease, macular degeneration, cataract), and disabilities associated with activities of daily living. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationship over time and generalize the findings.
LGBT Diversity and Inclusion, Community Characteristics, and Success
Authors: Cunningham George B. , Nite Calvin 
Published: May 2020

Drawing from concepts in institutional theory, the purpose of this study was to examine how community measures intersect with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender inclusiveness to predict organizational success. The authors collected publicly available data about National Collegiate Athletic Association departments (N = 65) and their communities. Moderated regression analyses demonstrated significant interactive effects, such that performance was highest when the department followed an inclusive strategy and (a) the lesbian, gay, and bisexual population density was high and (b) the state-level implicit bias toward sexual minorities was low. Importantly, there were no negative effects in following an inclusive strategy, even when institutional logics did not prescribe such an approach. The models explained 60–62% of the variance in performance. The authors discuss theoretical and practical implications.
Cost-effectiveness of different strategies for screening and treatment ofStrongyloides stercoralisin migrants from endemic countries to the European Union
Authors: Wikman-Jorgensen Philip Erick , Llenas-Garcia Jara , Shedrawy Jad , Gascon Joaquim , Muñoz Jose , Bisoffi Zeno , Requena-Mendez Ana 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe best strategy for controlling morbidity due to imported strongyloidiasis in migrants is unclear. We evaluate the cost-effectiveness of six possible interventions.MethodsWe developed a stochastic Markov chain model. The target population was adult migrants from endemic countries to the European Union; the time horizon, a lifetime and the perspective, that of the health system. Average and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ACER and ICER) were calculated as 2016 EUR/life-year gained (LYG). Health interventions compared were: base case (no programme), primary care-based presumptive treatment (PCPresTr), primary care-based serological screening and treatment (PCSerTr), hospital-based presumptive treatment (HospPresTr), hospital-based serological screening and treatment (HospSerTr), hospital-based presumptive treatment of immunosuppressed (HospPresTrim) and hospital-based serological screening and treatment of the immunosuppressed (HospSerTrim). The willingness to pay threshold (WTP) was €32 126.95/LYG.ResultsThe base case model yielded a loss of 2 486 708.24 life-years and cost EUR 3 238 393. Other interventions showed the following: PCPresTr: 2 488 095.47 life-years (Δ1 387.23LYG), cost: EUR 8 194 563; ACER: EUR 3573/LYG; PCSerTr: 2 488 085.8 life-years (Δ1377.57LYG), cost: EUR 207 679 077, ACER: EUR 148 407/LYG; HospPresTr: 2 488 046.17 life-years (Δ1337.92LYG), cost: EUR 14 559 575; ACER: EUR 8462/LYG; HospSerTr: 2 488 024.33 life-years (Δ1316.08LYG); cost: EUR 207 734 073; ACER: EUR 155 382/LYG; HospPresTrim: 2 488 093.93 life-years, cost: EUR 1 105 483; ACER: EUR −1539/LYG (cost savings); HospSerTrim: 2 488 073.8 life-years (Δ1365.55LYG), cost: EUR 4 274 239; ACER: EUR 759/LYG. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were undertaken; HospPresTrim remained below WTP for all parameters’ ranges and iterations.ConclusionPresumptively treating all immunosuppressed migrants from areas with endemicStrongyloideswould generate cost savings to the health system.
Cohort profile: the Australian genetics of depression study
Authors: Byrne Enda M , Kirk Katherine M , Medland Sarah E , McGrath John J , Colodro-Conde Lucia , Parker Richard , Cross Simone , Sullivan Lenore , Statham Dixie J , Levinson Douglas F , Licinio Julio , Wray Naomi R , Hickie Ian B , Martin Nicholas G 
Published: May 2020

PurposeDepression is the most common psychiatric disorder and the largest contributor to global disability. The Australian Genetics of Depression study was established to recruit a large cohort of individuals who have been diagnosed with depression at some point in their lifetime. The purpose of establishing this cohort is to investigate genetic and environmental risk factors for depression and response to commonly prescribed antidepressants.ParticipantsA total of 20 689 participants were recruited through the Australian Department of Human Services and a media campaign, 75% of whom were female. The average age of participants was 43 years±15 years. Participants completed an online questionnaire that consisted of a compulsory module that assessed self-reported psychiatric history, clinical depression using the Composite Interview Diagnostic Interview Short Form and experiences of using commonly prescribed antidepressants. Further voluntary modules assessed a wide range of traits of relevance to psychopathology. Participants who reported they were willing to provide a DNA sample (75%) were sent a saliva kit in the mail.Findings to date95% of participants reported being given a diagnosis of depression by a medical practitioner and 88% met the criteria for a lifetime depressive episode. 68% of the sample report having been diagnosed with another psychiatric disorder in addition to depression. In line with findings from clinical trials, only 33% of the sample report responding well to the first antidepressant they were prescribed.Future plansA number of analyses to investigate the genetic architecture of depression and common comorbidities will be conducted. The cohort will contribute to the global effort to identify genetic variants that increase risk to depression. Furthermore, a thorough investigation of genetic and psychosocial predictors of antidepressant response and side effects is planned.
Mental health among Ebola survivors in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea: results from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Secor Andrew , Macauley Rose , Stan Laurentiu , Kagone Meba , Sidikiba Sidibe , Sow Sadou , Aronovich Dana , Litvin Kate , Davis Nikki , Alva Soumya , Sanderson Jeff 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among adult Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea.DesignCross-sectional.SettingOne-on-one surveys were conducted in EVD-affected communities in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea in early 2018.Participants1495 adult EVD survivors (726 male, 769 female).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPatient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression scores and Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scores.ResultsPrevalence and severity of depression and anxiety varied across the three countries. Sierra Leone had the highest prevalence of depression, with 22.0% of participants meeting the criteria for a tentative diagnosis of depression, compared with 20.2% in Liberia and 13.0% in Guinea. Sierra Leone also showed the highest prevalence of anxiety, with 10.7% of participants meeting criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7 score ≥10), compared with 9.9% in Liberia and 4.2% in Guinea. Between one-third and one-half of respondents reported little interest or pleasure in doing things in the previous 2 weeks (range: 47.0% in Liberia to 37.6% in Sierra Leone), and more than 1 in 10 respondents reported ideation of self-harm or suicide (range: 19.4% in Sierra Leone to 10.4% in Guinea). Higher depression and anxiety scores were statistically significantly associated with each other and with experiences of health facility-based stigma in all three countries. Other associations between mental health scores and respondent characteristics varied across countries.ConclusionsOur results indicate that both depression and anxiety are common among EVD survivors in Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea, but that there is country-level heterogeneity in prevalence, severity and correlates of these conditions. All three countries should work to make mental health services available for survivors, and governments and organisations should consider the intersection between EVD-related stigma and mental health when designing programmes and training healthcare providers.
Nomogram for contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing coronary angiography in China: a cohort study
Authors: Lei Li , Xue Yan , Guo Zhaodong , Liu Bowen , He Yibo , Liu Jin , Nie Zhiqiang , Chen Liling , Chen Kaihong , Huang Zhidong , Liang Min , Chen Shiqun , Liu Yong , Chen Jiyan 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo establish a nomogram for contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) risk assessment among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).DesignProspective observational cohort study.SettingSouthern China.InterventionsNone.Participants643 consecutive patients with CKD (defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula <60 mL/min/1.73 mm2) were enrolled.Outcome measuresThe end point was CI-AKI defined as serum creatinine elevation ≥0.5 mg/dL or 25% from baseline within the first 48–72 hours following contrast exposure.Predictors of CI-AKI were selected by multivariable logistic regression and stepwise approach. A nomogram based on these predictors was constructed and compared with the classic Mehran Score. For validation, a bootstrap method (1000 times) was performed.ResultsThe nomogram including age, weight, heart rate, hypotension, PCI and β-blocker demonstrated a better predictive value than the classic Mehran Score (area under the curve: 0.78 vs 0.71, p=0.024), as well as a well-fitted calibration curve (χ2=12.146, p=0.145). Validation through the bootstrap method (1000 times) also indicated a good discriminative power (adjusted C-statistic: 0.76).ConclusionsWith fewer predictors and higher discriminative power, the present nomogram may be a simple and reliable tool to identify patients with CKD at risk of CI-AKI, whereas further external validations are needed.