bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing CRISPR‐Cas and qPCR eDNA assays for the detection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Authors: Williams Molly‐Ann , Hernandez Cecilia , O'Sullivan Antóin M. , April Julien , Regan Fiona , Bernatchez Louis , Parle‐McDermott Anne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMolecular techniques offer sensitive, specific, noninvasive monitoring of target species from a variety of environmental samples. We recently developed a CRISPR‐Cas‐based eDNA assay for rapid single‐species detection as a route to a simple, cost‐effective biosensor device. CRISPR‐Cas‐based diagnostic assays use isothermal conditions in combination with a highly specific sequence recognition system. This CRISPR‐Cas assay was designed to target Salmo salar, and we previously demonstrated its utility in eDNA samples from sites in Ireland. The aim of this study was to validate our assay in two larger sample sets from Canada (n = 16/n = 63) in comparison with an independent S. salar qPCR assay. We demonstrate that overall, the CRISPR‐Cas assay performs similarly to qPCR for assessing the presence or absence of S. salar from eDNA and provides a viable alternative approach where qPCR assay design and application have proven to be challenging.
Influence of the Atmosphere Composition during Malaxation and Storage on the Shelf Life of an Unfiltered Extra Virgin Olive Oil: Preliminary Results
Authors: Macaluso Monica , Taglieri Isabella , Venturi Francesca , Sanmartin Chiara , Bianchi Alessandro , De Leo Marinella , Braca Alessandra , Quartacci Mike Frank , Zinnai Angela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe nutraceutical and organoleptic quality of the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) depends on a process that begins with the olive ripening and ends with the packaging and storage. As the EVOO quality decay is mainly induced by the oxidation process, the gaseous composition of the atmosphere during both malaxation and storage can play a key role. Because of that, the aim of this research work is to determine the influence of the gaseous composition of the atmosphere used during malaxation and storage on an unfiltered EVOO shelf life, and to individuate the best “malaxation atmosphere × storage atmosphere” combination to adopt to more effectively slow down the oil quality decay rate during storage. The combined experimental conditions used during malaxation and storage significantly affect the quality decay rate of the EVOO over one year of storage for all the evaluated parameters. In conclusion, the gaseous composition of the atmosphere used during both malaxation and storage deeply affects the shelf life of the unfiltered EVOO as regards its chemical and sensory features, especially when air is used. On the contrary, the best results are obtained when an inert gas (nitrogen or argon) is used during both phases.Practical Applications: The regular consumption of EVOO represents one of the main cornerstones of the Mediterranean diet. According to the FDA (Food and Drug Administration), this product can be considered as a healthy food because of its extraordinary nutraceutical and organoleptic properties, so that if consumers consume half a tablespoon of olive oil per day—without increasing their daily calorie intake—they can significantly reduce the incidence of several degenerative diseases as well as the risks associated with them. The knowledge of the impact of different “malaxation atmosphere × storage atmosphere” combinations on the quality decay rate during storage of an unfiltered EVOO can allow to identify the best operating conditions to be used during its production and storage, in order to preserve the nutraceutical and organoleptic properties of this product over time, thus extending its commercial life in terms of both quality parameters and healthy properties.
Babassu Oil (Orbynia phalerata), an Artisanal Product: Process Optimization of Seed Roasting on Yield, Phenolic Compounds, and Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Hudson da Silva Souza Iago , Nogueira Juliete Pedreira , Rajan Murugan , Santos Leite Neta Maria Terezinha , Narain Narendra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBabassu oil has high concentrations of phenolic compounds. When seeds are preheated, these compounds tend to migrate to the oil depending on the degree of roasting applied. This study aims to optimize the roasting conditions of babassu seeds using response surface methodology (RSM) and the desirability functions. A central composite rotational design (CCRD) is employed to investigate the effects of two independent variables, temperature (X1) and roasting time (X2) which significantly affected response variables, namely yield (%), total phenolics content (TPC), number of phenolic compounds, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, acid value and peroxide value. The quadratic model is adjusted for most responses. The roasting temperature of 222 °C and the roasting time of 43 min are standardized as ideal conditions. Thus, the oil produced at the optimized conditions shows a yield of 54.47% and TPC of 91.53 mg GAE/100 g. In the control oil sample, the presence of phenolic compounds analyzed by HPLC‐DAD is not observed while under optimized conditions, seven phenolic compounds are observed. The model of optimized conditions shows a good correlation between the predicted and experimental values. In general, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of optimum roasting conditions in improving the quality of bioactive compounds in babassu oil.Practical Applications : This work aims to optimize the babassu seeds roasting process to obtain oil with a greater number of phenolic compounds and better antioxidant capacity. As the first study on babassu seeds roasting, it contributes to the generation of important data in relation to the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in the oil. Finally, the optimum roasting conditions established in this work can be explored commercially in babassu oil extraction.
Numerical investigation on the usage of finned surface in lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides batteries by using air cooling method
Authors: Celen Ali , Kalkan Orhan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, a numerical thermal analysis of a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide prismatic battery having nominal voltage of 3.7 V and capacity of 26 Ah was performed during air cooling conditions. The effects of discharge rate (in the range of 3C‐5C) and air velocity (in the range of 1‐3 m s−1) on average battery temperature, maximum battery temperature, and total heat transfer rate are investigated for both flat and finned cooling surfaces. The results showed that air cooling by means of flat cooling surface is only sufficient for low discharge rate and it is necessary to use finned surfaces in order to keep battery temperature in desired operation temperature range for high discharge rate conditions. Analysis results showed that average battery temperature is reduced up to 29%, 32%, and 30% by increasing air velocity for discharge rates of 3C, 4C, and 5C with the usage of flat surface, respectively. In addition, it was seen that the average and maximum battery temperatures are reduced up to 7.9 and 8.6 K with the usage of finned cooling surface instead of flat one. The heat removed from the battery is increased 8.7 W by using finned surface at the maximum air velocity of 3 m s−1.
Battery remaining useful life prediction using improved mutated particle filter
Authors: Li Junxia , Zhang Miao , Zheng Hui , Jie Jing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAccurate prediction of lithium‐ion battery remaining useful life (RUL) is of great significance for battery health management. Particle filter (PF) is used to predict the RUL effectively, but it suffers from particle degeneracy and impoverishment during the estimation. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new RUL prediction model based on improved mutated particle filter (IMPF) approach. In the IMPF algorithm, the mutant particles are generated from the prior particles, which not only represent the high probability region but also accelerate the convergence speed of particles. Then an improved polynomial resampling algorithm is proposed to avoid the loss of particle diversity during the resampling process. The simulation results on benchmark function demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IMPF algorithm. The method is also applied successfully to a battery capacity degradation data set provided by NASA Ames Research Center. Research results show that the proposed RUL prediction approach has better performance than other related PF techniques.
A fast multipole boundary element method for three‐dimensional acoustic problems in a subsonic uniform flow
Authors: Liu Xueliang , Wu Haijun , Jiang Weikang , Sun Ruihua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA fast multipole boundary element method (FMBEM) in a subsonic uniform flow is presented. It is based on the boundary integral equation (BIE) in a subsonic uniform flow. The convected Green's function complicates its multipole expansion as well as the implementation of the computer code. Although the Lorentz transformation allows the Helmholtz equation in the uniform flow to be reduced to the standard Helmholtz equation, the deformation of the domain complicates the boundary conditions and may cause the elements' distortion. In this work, the analytical evaluations of singular integrals are achieved. Then a nonsingular BIE in a subsonic uniform flow is obtained and is incorporated in building FMBEM with the plane wave multipole expansion of Green's function directly. Details on the implementation of the algorithm are described. Numerical examples including a pulsating sphere radiation problem, a multibody scattering problem and an aircraft model are performed to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Results show that FMBEM solutions are in good agreement with analytical solutions. The difference between the analytical moments and numerical moments is also investigated carefully in the implementation of the fast multipole method. Dramatical improvements on solution efficiency are observed by comparing the developed algorithm with the CBEM.
H19 Promotes HCC Bone Metastasis Through Reducing Osteoprotegerin Expression in a Protein Phosphatase 1 Catalytic Subunit Alpha/p38 Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase–Dependent Manner and Sponging microRNA 200b‐3p
Authors: Huang Zhao , Chu Liang , Liang Junnan , Tan Xiaolong , Wang Yu , Wen Jingyuan , Chen Jin , Wu Yu , Liu Sha , Liao Jingyu , Hou Rui , Ding Zeyang , Zhang Zhanguo , Liang Huifang , Song Shasha , Yang Caihong , Zhang Jinming , Guo Tao , Chen Xiaoping , Zhang Bixiang 
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims
Bone is the second most frequent site of metastasis for HCC, which leads to an extremely poor prognosis. HCC bone metastasis is typically osteolytic, involving the activation of osteoclasts. Long noncoding RNA H19 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Nonetheless, the mechanism underlying the participation of H19 in HCC bone metastasis remains unclear.

Approach and Results
The current study established a mouse HCC bone metastasis model by using serial intracardiac injection and cell isolation to obtain cells with distinct bone metastasis ability. H19 was highly expressed in these cells and in clinical HCC bone metastasis specimens. Both osteoclastogenesis in vitro and HCC bone metastasis in vivo were promoted by H19 overexpression, whereas these processes were suppressed by H19 knockdown. H19 overexpression attenuated p38 phosphorylation and further down‐regulated the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), also known as osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor. However, up‐regulated OPG expression as well as suppressed osteoclastogenesis caused by H19 knockdown were recovered by p38 interference, indicating that p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)–OPG contributed to H19‐promoted HCC bone metastasis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that H19 inhibited the expression of OPG by binding with protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit alpha (PPP1CA), which dephosphorylates p38. SB‐203580‐mediated inactivation of p38MAPK reversed the down‐regulation of HCC bone metastasis caused by H19 knockdown in vivo. Additionally, H19 enhanced cell migration and invasion by up‐regulating zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 through the sequestration of microRNA (miR) 200b‐3p.

Conclusions
H19 plays a critical role in HCC bone metastasis by reducing OPG expression, which is mediated by the PPP1CA‐induced inactivation of the p38MAPK pathway; and H19 also functions as a sponge for miR‐200b‐3p.
Optimum irrigation strategy to maximize yield and quality of potato: A case study in southern Alberta, Canada*
Authors: Yari Aghil , Gilbert Laura , Madramootoo Chandra A. , Woods Shelley A. , Adamchuk Viacheslav I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe ability to understand how various irrigation levels impact potato productivity could facilitate the introduction of variable‐rate irrigation technology for high‐quality potato production in southern Alberta, Canada. A two‐year field study (2015 and 2016) was therefore conducted to assess the effect of three irrigation levels on yield and quality of potato. Several parameters were measured including climatic data, irrigation amounts, total and marketable potato yield, and tuber quality parameters (specific gravity and glucose content). The Alberta Irrigation Management Model was used to estimate irrigation levels based on soil, crop, and weather variables. The year 2015 was exceptionally dry, resulting in a total of 21 irrigation events, and a total of 12 irrigation events were undertaken in the 2016 growing season. In 2015, the crop in plots receiving normal irrigation (361 mm per season) produced slightly lower total yield than plots receiving high irrigation (480 mm per season), but the normal irrigation plots produced statistically higher marketable yield and better tuber quality in terms of specific gravity and glucose content. In 2016, there were no significant differences between potato yield and quality between irrigation treatments because the rainfall for the year was close to the long‐term average annual rainfall.
Linking current and prospective engineering graduate students' writing attitudes with rhetorical writing patterns
Authors: Berdanier Catherine G. P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAt the graduate level, academic writing competencies are essential for graduation and careers as researchers. Little research has been done to understand how engineering writers' attitudes toward writing correspond to enacted textual patterns.Purpose/HypothesisThe purpose of this study is to investigate current and prospective graduate students' attitudes toward writing, how they correlate, and how these attitudes toward writing may correspond with enacted writing patterns.Design/MethodThrough an embedded mixed methods design, I investigated the rhetorical patterns within the research proposals of 50 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (NSF GRFP) winners in engineering disciplines using genre analysis methods. The same participants completed a battery of validated surveys investigating their writing attitudes. I calculated within‐ and between‐scale Pearson correlations and connected the writing attitude data with rhetorical patterns from the written documents.ResultsFindings indicate that several writing attitudes are statistically linked, such as writer's block with perfectionism and procrastination, and productivity with knowledge transforming concepts and intuitive approaches. Further, writers employed a variety of argumentation strategies, categorized as Outcomes‐Oriented, Process‐Oriented, Methods‐Oriented, and Motivation‐Oriented, which correspond to writers' attitudes.ConclusionsInstructors or advisors of graduate engineering student writing may be better able to diagnose writing issues armed with an understanding of how writing attitudes are related to rhetorical structure. Instructors or advisors of graduate engineering students can consider how the affective nature of writing influences writing habits and resulting rhetorical patterns to help students improve their academic literacy.
NH4Cl/Zn powder: An efficient, chemoselective reducing catalyst for the microwave‐assisted synthesis of 2,3‐disubstituted quinolines via tandem Knoevenagel condensation
Authors: Tasqeeruddin Syed , Asiri Yahya I. , Shaheen Syeda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn efficient, a hitherto unreported, sustainable, and environmentally friendly microwave‐assisted synthesis of 2,3‐disubstituted quinolines by reductive cyclization of 2‐nitrobenzaldehydes and various active methylene compounds via tandem Knoevenagel condensation promoted by an efficient eco‐friendly, chemoselective reducing catalyst ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and zinc powder was developed. This present methodology is a mild, green, efficient, and environmentally benign process as it eliminates the harsh reaction conditions, non‐volatile solvents, relatively expensive reagents, high catalyst loading, and also provides a number of other benefits like fast synthesis, simple reaction set‐up, and good to the excellent yield of the products.
Energy loss by right ventricular pacing: Patients with versus without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Arakawa Yuki , Fukaya Hidehira , Kakizaki Ryota , Oikawa Jun , Saito Daiki , Sato Tetsuro , Matsuura Gen , Kobayashi Shuhei , Shirakawa Yuki , Nishinarita Ryo , Horiguchi Ai , Ishizue Naruya , Nabeta Takeru , Kishihara Jun , Niwano Shinichi , Ako Junya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundRight ventricular (RV) pacing causes left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony sometimes resulting in pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy. However, RV pacing for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is one of the treatment options. LV flow energy loss (EL) using vector flow mapping (VFM) is a novel hemodynamic index for assessing cardiac function. Our study aimed to elucidate the impact of RV pacing on EL in normal LV function and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients.MethodsA total of 36 patients with dual‐chamber pacemakers for sick sinus syndrome or implantable cardioverter defibrillators for fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmias were enrolled. All patients were divided into two groups: 16 patients with HCM (HCM group) and others (non‐HCM group). The absolute changes in EL under AAI (without RV pacing) and DDD (with RV pacing) modes were assessed using VFM on color Doppler echocardiography.ResultsIn the non‐HCM group, the mean systolic EL significantly increased from the AAI to DDD modes (14.0 ± 7.7 to 17.0 ± 8.6 mW/m, P = .003), whereas the mean diastolic EL did not change (19.0 ± 12.3 to 17.0 ± 14.8 mW/m, P = .231). In the HCM group, the mean systolic EL significantly decreased from the AAI to DDD modes (26.7 ± 14.2 to 21.6 ± 11.9 mW/m, P < .001), whereas the mean diastolic EL did not change (28.7 ± 16.4 to 23.9 ± 19.7 mW/m, P = .130).ConclusionsRV pacing increased the mean systolic EL in patients without HCM. Conversely, RV pacing decreased the mean systolic EL in patients with HCM.
Kinematics observed during ACL injury are associated with large early peak knee abduction moments during a change of direction task in healthy adolescents
Authors: Sigurðsson Haraldur B. , Karlsson Jón , Snyder‐Mackler Lynn , Briem Kristín 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCluster analysis of knee abduction moment waveforms may be useful to examine biomechanical data. The aim of this study was to analyze if the knee abduction moment waveform of early peaks, consistent with anterior cruciate ligament injury mechanisms, was associated with foot‐trunk distance, knee kinematics, and heel strike landing posture, all of which have been observed during anterior cruciate ligament injuries. One hundred and seventy‐seven adolescent athletes performed cutting maneuvers, marker‐based motion capture collected kinetic and marker data and an 8‐segment musculoskeletal model was constructed. Knee abduction moment waveforms were clustered as either a large early peak, or not a large early peak using a two‐step process with Euclidean distances and the Ward‐d2 cluster method. Mediolateral distance between foot and trunk was associated with the large early peak waveform with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 3.4 (2.7–4.4). Knee flexion angle at initial contact and knee flexion excursion had odds ratios of 1.9 (1.6–2.4) and 1.6 (1.3–2.0). Knee abduction excursions had an odds ratio of 1.8 (1.1–2.4) and 1.8 (1.4–2.4), respectively. Heel strike landings and anteroposterior distance between foot and trunk were not associated with the large early peak waveform with odds ratios of 1.2 (0.9–1.7) and 1.1 (0.8–1.3), respectively. The knee abduction moment waveform is associated with several kinematic variables observed during ACL injury. The results support intervention programs that can modify these kinematics and thus reduce early stance phase knee abduction moments.
Secondary Anticoagulation Prophylaxis for Catheter‐Related Thrombosis in Pediatric Intestinal Failure: Comparison of Short‐ Vs Long‐Term Treatment Protocols
Authors: Schmidt Melanie Lissa , Wendel Danielle , Horslen Simon Peter , Lane Erin Richardson , Brandão Leonardo Rodrigues , Gottschalk Emily , Belza Christina , Courtney‐Martin Glenda , Wales Paul William , Avitzur Yaron 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionCatheter‐related thrombosis (CRT) is a devastating complication of central venous catheters in children with intestinal failure (IF), but the optimal preventive therapy of CRT is unknown. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of 2 protocols of secondary anticoagulation prophylaxis with low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH).MethodsThis is a comparative cohort study of children from 2 IF programs who received secondary anticoagulation prophylaxis with LMWH for CRT. The short‐term protocol group (N = 13) received therapeutic dosing until thrombus resolution or ≤3 months. In the long‐term protocol group (N = 26), prophylactic dosing continued until line removal. Patients underwent routine annual vascular ultrasound and were followed for ≥1 year. The primary outcome was development of secondary thrombosis; post hoc analysis assessed rates of secondary thrombosis at 12 months.ResultsPatient demographics were similar between groups. Secondary thrombosis occurred in 8 of 13 (62%) patients in the short‐term group and in 9 of 26 (35%) in the long‐term protocol group (P = .019) in a median time of 144.5 and 689 days, respectively (P = .01). Secondary thrombosis within 12 months occurred in 7 of 13 (54%, short term) and 2 of 26 (8%, long term) patients (P = .001). Secondary thrombosis was associated with catheter replacements (23.5 vs 5.5 catheters per 1000 catheter days; P = .016) and longer daily parenteral nutrition (PN) infusion (24 vs 15.25 hours; P = .044). Compliance was good (>80% of doses) in 92% of patients.ConclusionsLong‐term secondary anticoagulation prophylaxis with LMWH reduces the incidence of secondary thrombosis and should be considered in children with CRT that require PN for prolonged periods of time.