bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of low immunogenicity RNA with high-temperature in vitro transcription
Authors: Wu Monica Z. , Asahara Haruichi , Tzertzinis George , Roy Bijoyita 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe use of synthetic RNA for therapeutics requires that the in vitro synthesis process be robust and efficient. The technology used for the synthesis of these in vitro-transcribed mRNAs, predominantly using phage RNA polymerases (RNAPs), is well established. However, transcripts synthesized with RNAPs are known to display an immune-stimulatory activity in vivo, that is often undesirable. Previous studies have identified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a major by-product of the in vitro transcription (IVT) process, as a trigger of cellular immune responses. Here we describe the characterization of a high-temperature IVT process using thermostable T7 RNAPs to synthesize functional mRNAs that demonstrate reduced immunogenicity without the need for a post-synthesis purification step. We identify features that drive the production of two kinds of dsRNA by-products—one arising from 3’ extension of the run-off product and one formed by the production of antisense RNAs—and demonstrate that at a high temperature, T7 RNAP has reduced 3’-self extension of the run-off product. We show that template-encoded poly-A tailing does not affect 3’-self extension but reduces the formation of the antisense RNA by-products and that combining high-temperature IVT with template-encoded poly-A tailing prevents formation of both kinds of by-products.
Trait evolution under multiple selection pressures: Prey responses to predictable and unpredictable variation
Authors: Sharma Manvi , Isvaran Kavita 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhen a strong selection pressure, such as predation risk, varies widely in space and time, how should prey respond? When risk varies predictably, prey are hypothesized to respond in a risk-sensitive manner. It is less clear how prey should respond when risk varies unpredictably.Additionally, prey response may also depend on how predation risk interacts with other selection pressures. Our understanding of the complex action of multiple and variable selection pressures on prey traits is still comparatively poor. Here, we examine how predictable and unpredictable aspects of predation risk act together with another important selection pressure to influence prey behaviour in the rock pool breeding mosquito,Aedes vexans.Through the selection of sites for oviposition, female mosquitoes can influence the predation risk faced by their offspring. We tested how females select oviposition sites, when encountering pools that vary in larval predation risk and desiccation risk. We comprehensively quantified spatial and temporal variation in predation risk by measuring densities of predatory dragonfly nymphs in rock pools of different sizes, along the mosquito breeding season. We also measured hydroperiod length. We next conducted manipulative experiments in rock pools and measured female oviposition responses to variation in predation and desiccation risks. Predation risk varied widely in space and time. Desiccation risk only appeared important for the small pools. Ovipositing females appeared to respond to these multiple aspects of variation in selection pressures. Females seemed to respond to predictable variation by avoiding large pools that permanently harboured predators in natural settings. Female responses were more variable to medium-sized pools with naturally stochastic predator densities, highlighting the role of unpredictability in predation risk in shaping behaviour. Females did not clearly prefer small pools that were naturally devoid of predators but carried high desiccation risk, suggesting that they balance multiple risks – predation versus desiccation – when choosing oviposition sites. Our study suggests that wild populations may commonly experience multiple and variable selection pressures that can favour seemingly puzzling trait variation. We highlight the need to quantify variation in selection pressures and investigate how such variation, especially the unpredictable aspects, shapes prey traits.
Flexible Modulation of Neural Variance Facilitates Neuroprosthetic Skill Learning
Authors: You Albert K. , Liu Bing , Singhal Abhimanyu , Gowda Suraj , Moorman Helene , Orsborn Amy , Ganguly Karunesh , Carmena Jose M. 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARYOne hallmark of natural motor control is the brain’s ability to adapt to perturbations ranging from temporary visual-motor rotations to paresis caused by stroke. These adaptations require modifications of learned neural patterns that can span the time-course of minutes to months. Previous work with brain-machine interfaces (BMI) has shown that over learning, neurons consolidate firing activity onto low-dimensional neural subspaces, and additional studies have shown that neurons require longer timescales to adapt to task perturbations that require neural activity outside of these subspaces. However, it is unclear how the motor cortex adapts alongside task changes that do not require modifications of the existing neural subspace over learning. To answer this question, five nonhuman primates were used in three BMI experiments, which allowed us to track how specific populations of neurons changed firing patterns as task performance improved. In each experiment, neural activity was transformed into cursor kinematics using decoding algorithms that were periodically readapted based on natural arm movements or visual feedback. We found that decoder changes caused neurons to increase exploratory-like patterns on within-day timescales without hindering previously consolidated patterns regardless of task performance. The flexible modulation of these exploratory patterns in contrast to relatively stable consolidated activity suggests a simultaneous exploration-exploitation strategy that adapts existing neural patterns during learning.
Applying ANP to analyse sensory experience in restaurants
Authors: Chang Wei-Lun 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relative importance of the five types of sensory experience in restaurants and the differences between experts and customers.

Design/methodology/approach
Analytic network process was used to select the critical factors for the five types of sensory experiences. Expert and consumer questionnaires were compared to examine the differences between expert opinions and customer awareness.

Findings
Restaurants consider taste and smell to be important senses, whereas hearing was considered to be the least important.

Originality/value
Experts paid more attention to criteria and sub-criteria that resonated with consumers’ memories and emotions. Consumers paid more attention to intuitively obtaining emotional experiences during each purchase.
Social and financial aid for disaster relief operations using CSR and crowdfunding
Authors: Behl Abhishek , Dutta Pankaj 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the interlinkages between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and crowdfunding in the context of disaster relief operations (DRO). It intends to explore how information quality moderates the relationship of CSR and crowdfunding to achieve financial and social stability. The study also controls variables such as type of disaster, size of the firm and sector to which the firms belong while drawing implications.Design/methodology/approachThe study collects empirical data in an Indian context through a structured questionnaire. The respondents belong to organizations which made a financial contribution toward DRO during the past decade (2008–2018). The sample size for data analysis is 232 responses belonging to different industries like plastic, chemical, textile and apparel, automotive parts and electronics, and construction. The study employs partial least squares structural equation modeling for testing the hypothesis.FindingsResults indicate a positive effect of CSR activities on donation-based crowdfunding to achieve financial and social normalcy in a DRO. CSR can thus be used as an alternate way to support DRO. Results also reveal that quality of information positively impacts the relationship between crowdfunding and social aid as well as financial aid offered to the victims of the disasters. It is further observed that the type of disaster accounts for the inflow and frequency of funds made by companies as a part of their CSR activities.Research limitations/implicationsThe study restricts its analysis to CSR contributions made by Indian firms for DRO in an Indian context. While the study is centered in an Indian context, it holds strong implications by offering guidelines and framework for integrating funds of the government, CSR contributions of companies and donations made by citizens. The outcome also provokes thoughts on testing the results with multiple disasters across the globe in order to validate the findings and possibly extend them.Originality/valueThe approach of the study holds a unique slot in understanding concepts relating to CSR, crowdfunding and information science literature in the context of DRO. The study offers unique contribution in making the readers aware how CSR funds, when guided through a donation-based crowdfunding platform can help achieve social and financial aid for the victims of natural disaster.
Key leadership skills of great sales leaders
Authors: Longenecker Clinton Oliver , Mallin Michael L. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this research paper is to identify and describe the key leadership skills associated with great leaders in the sales discipline. Nine critically important sales leadership skills are identified and discussed in this manuscript with the purpose of getting sales leaders think about skill set development while providing those responsible for sales leadership development an opportunity to think through some critically important questions.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of over 300 sales personnel were asked to individually describe the best sales leader with whom they had ever worked for during your career. Focus groups were then conducted to identify the most critical skills for sales leadership success. A content analysis of the focus group findings were then used to tabulate the key findings in this paper.

Findings
Key findings from this focus group study identified a wide range of critically important leadership skills and behaviors that included: emotional intelligence and 360° communication skills, possessing the ability to effectively coach and develop sales personnel, the ability to create clear performance expectations and accountability, problem-solving and conflict resolution skills, the ability to engage a sales workforce, strategic acumen, character and integrity, and data Mining and analytical skills, among others.

Research limitations/implications
The key findings from this research provide the reader with a host of potentially testable hypotheses as well as ideas and findings for future sales leadership research. 10;This study provides a clear roadmap for sales leaders to develop critically important skill sets needed for improving a sales force's performance and revenue generation capabilities. 10.

Practical implications
This study provides a clear roadmap for sales leaders to develop critically important skill sets needed for improving a sales force's performance and revenue generation capabilities.

Social implications
The social implications of the study make it clear that great sales leaders take great care of their workforces, develop their people, and demonstrate great character and integrity in the workplace.

Originality/value
This paper will identified nine specific leadership skills and practices required for high performance in this regard. Focus group findings will challenge the readers thinking on several key fronts while at the same time providing them with a punch list of critically important behaviors that can be targeted and developed. This information is important for both individual performers as well as those responsible for sales leadership development in their organizations.
Social performance of the company
Authors: Arfaoui Najla , Hofaidhllaoui Mahrane , Chawla Ginni 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe notion of social performance of the company (SPC) is a fundamental concept of the research on ethics of business and work on company-society relationships. The study raises several debates concerning SPC’s determinants. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework of SPC along with its social and technological determinants. After identification of the determinants, the authors have searched through a managerial perspective to recognize the effects of these determinants on SPC.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis of 18 semi-structured interviews with the HR managers, and statistical analysis of data collected from Managers/HR Managers (n=250) working in private and public sector banks of Tunisia was undertaken. Structural equation modeling (SEM), has been used to test the hypotheses and statistically validate the proposed relationships. Data for the study were collected online.FindingsResults indicate a strong interrelationship between SPC and its determinants. Such an interrelation aims to enrich the framework of analysis of the SPC by considering the action of social responsibility of the company, organizational commitment and managers’ characteristics on one hand, and human resources information system, the practices of knowledge management, and facilitating conditions for the use of the information and communication technologies on the other.Originality/valueThe study reconciles various perspectives in the SPC literature and presents a comprehensive model of SPC by identifying its determinants – social and technological, which could stimulate the SPC in Tunisian context.
The promise of andragogy, heutagogy and academagogy to enterprise and entrepreneurship education pedagogy
Authors: Jones Colin , Penaluna Kathryn , Penaluna Andy 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address the recent development of heutagogy in the domain of enterprise and entrepreneurship education (EE). Responding to recent thinking within our domain of education, this paper discusses the origins of heutagogy, its adoption within enterprise and EE and offers suggestions as to the further development of such thinking in this domain.

Design/methodology/approach
This conceptual paper revisits the original thinking that developed the process of heutagogy, or self-determined learning. Revisiting the conceptual foundations of heutagogy, comparing it to andragogy and to the idea of academagogy enables the process of academagogical process knowledge (APK) to be outlined. Through this process, the authors argue it is possible to envisage the real potential value of heutagogy to enterprise and EE.

Findings
In advocating for the development of APK, the authors highlight the importance of six specific knowledge bases; knowledge of self, knowledge of entrepreneurship theories, knowledge of transformational learning approaches, knowledge of authentic assessment processes, knowledge of student engagement and knowledge of how to scholarly lead. The authors argue that the development of scholarship of teaching and learning for enterprise and EE can be advanced through these six knowledge bases.

Practical implications
There are important implications that arise for all enterprise and entrepreneurship educators in the discussions presented here, especially if we consider entrepreneurial approaches within disciplines and interests that anchor the studies, as opposed to more generic approaches found in entrepreneurship courses. Most importantly, that heutagogy must be evaluated alongside the blended contributions of pedagogy, andragogy and academagogy.

Originality/value
This paper advances the readers’ understanding of the potential role of heutagogy in enterprise and EE. In doing so, differing opinions related to the use of heutagogy in the domain have been addressed, and a developmental pathway outlined.
The influence of organisational commitment on employees’ work-related use of online social networks
Authors: Olfat Mohammad , Rezvani Azadeh , Khosravi Pouria , Shokouhyar Sajjad , Sedaghat Atieh 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Although online social networks (SNs) (e.g. Facebook, LinkedIn and Instagram) have been used by employees for various work- or non-work-related motives, there has been lack of research on the use of such networks in the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to draw on commitment theory and the tricomponent attitude model to explain the role organisational commitment plays in predicting the work-related use of online SNs and the mediating role a constructive employee voice may have in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
The research was conducted among the employees of seven different companies within seven different industries. The validity of the measures and structural models was evaluated using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

Findings
The results indicated that organisational commitment promotes employees’ work-related use of online SNs directly and also indirectly via the mediating role of a constructive voice.

Originality/value
This study is among the few studies which have used the tricomponent attitude model to investigate employees’ behaviour in the workplace, in particular work-related use of online SNs. In terms of theory, this study contributes to expanding the boundaries of knowledge as SNs are considered a challenge in contemporary organisations. Organisations can convert this challenge from a potential threat to an actual opportunity by reinforcing “organisational commitment”.
Family support, school-age and workplace bullying for LGB people
Authors: Sidiropoulou Katerina , Drydakis Nick , Harvey Benjamin , Paraskevopoulou Anna 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine associations between: family support during the school-age period, and school-age bullying (short-term associations); and family support during the school-age period and workplace bullying (long-term associations) for lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) adults in Britain.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors employ retrospective questions regarding family support for LGB children and school-age bullying and questions regarding workplace bullying in the respondents’ present jobs. A 2016 data set was utilized which was created by attending events during the UK LGBT History Month.

Findings
The empirical investigation demonstrates that supportive family environments toward LGB children reduce both school-age and workplace bullying.

Practical implications
Given the increasing number of people self-identifying as LGB, the significant percentages of school and workplace bullying incidents and the corresponding negative effects on people’s lives, it is important to examine the benefits of family support with regards to reducing school and workplace victimization. This study also reports that family support could have an enduring influence on the experiences of LGB children and adults.

Originality/value
No known research has considered the possible developmental benefits of family support on reducing future workplace bullying for LGB children. In addition, this might be the first study which simultaneously examines family support toward LGB children, school-age and workplace bullying.
Green human resource management: a comprehensive review and future research agenda
Authors: Pham Nhat Tan , Hoang Hung Trong , Phan Quyen Phu Thi 
Published: October 2019

PurposeGreen human resource management (GHRM), seen as a current research trend, plays an important role in organizations’ sustainable development strategies. However, there is still a research gap in the systematization and integration of the available GHRM-related knowledge to suggest detailed future directions. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review on GHRM aimed at proposing detailed research gaps and agendas for future study.Design/methodology/approachFirst, this work reviews 74 articles, including 61 research/empirical articles and 13 review articles, linked with the GHRM field from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. These publications are then coded and classified into ten categories before the main findings linked with GHRM knowledge are identified. Last, the study addresses existing research gaps and proposes detailed recommendations and a research framework for further studies.FindingsAnalysis of the relevant literature is presented in the following main sections: an overview that illustrates the existing findings related to GHRM coded and classified; a description that stresses research gaps and proposes in detail 16 recommendations; and a research framework that focuses on GHRM for a future research agenda.Originality/valueThis review is important for researchers orient the research in GHRM by identifying research gaps and providing detailed recommendations. It is the first work that proposes a full research framework for future studies, especially suggestions of development related to green behavior outside of organizations, the circular economy, and technology based perspectives/Industry 4.0.
A reconfigurable multi-mode walking-rolling robot based on motor time-sharing control
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Zhang Chunyan , Ni Cong , Lu Chenhui 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to put forward a nvew reconfigurable multi-mode walking-rolling robot based on the single-loop closed-chain four-bar mechanism, and the robot can be changed to different modes according to the terrain.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the topological analysis, singularity analysis, feasibility analysis, gait analysis and the motion strategy based on motor time-sharing control, the paper theoretically verified that the robot can switch between the four motion modes.

Findings
The robot integrates four-bar walking, self-deforming and four-bar and six-bar rolling modes. A series of simulation and prototype experiment results are presented to verify the feasibility of multiple motion modes of the robot.

Originality/value
The work presented in this paper provides a good theoretical basis for further exploration of multiple mode mobile robots. It is an attempt to design the multi-mode mobile robot based on single loop kinematotropic mechanisms. It is also a kind of exploration of the new unknown movement law.