bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenia negatively affects hip structure analysis variables in a group of Lebanese postmenopausal women
Authors: Saddik Hayman , Nasr Riad , Pinti Antonio , Watelain Eric , Fayad Ibrahim , Baddoura Rafic , Berro Abdel-Jalil , Al Rassy Nathalie , Lespessailles Eric , Toumi Hechmi , El Hage Rawad 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The current study’s purpose is to compare hip structural analysis variables in a group of postmenopausal women with sarcopenia and another group of postmenopausal women with normal skeletal muscle mass index. To do so, the current study included 8 postmenopausal women (whose ages ranged between 65 and 84 years) with sarcopenia and 60 age-matched controls (with normal skeletal muscle mass index (SMI)). Body composition and bone parameters were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Results
Weight, lean mass, body mass index, femoral neck cross-sectional area (FN CSA), FN section modulus (Z), FN cross sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), intertrochanteric (IT) CSA, IT Z, IT CSMI, IT cortical thickness (CT), femoral shaft (FS) CSA, FS Z and FS CSMI were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in women with normal SMI compared to women with sarcopenia. In the whole population, SMI was positively associated with IT CSA, IT Z, IT CSMI, IT CT, FS CSA, FS Z, FS CSMI, FS CT but negatively correlated to IT buckling ratio (BR) and FS BR.

Conclusion
The current study suggests that sarcopenia has a negative effect on hip bone strength indices in postmenopausal women.
Bioelectrical and cytoskeletal patterns correlate with altered axial polarity in the follicular epithelium of the Drosophila mutant gurken
Authors: Schotthöfer Susanne Katharina , Bohrmann Johannes 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBioelectrical signals are known to be involved in the generation of cell and tissue polarity as well as in cytoskeletal dynamics. The epithelium ofDrosophilaovarian follicles is a suitable model system for studying connections between electrochemical gradients, patterns of cytoskeletal elements and axial polarity. By interactions between soma and germline cells, the transforming growth factor-α homolog Gurken (Grk) establishes both the anteroposterior and the dorsoventral axis during oogenesis.ResultsIn the follicular epithelium of the wild-type (wt) and the polarity mutantgrk, we analysed stage-specific gradients of membrane potentials (Vmem) and intracellular pH (pHi) using the potentiometric dye DiBAC4(3) and the fluorescent pH-indicator 5-CFDA,AM, respectively. In addition, we compared the cytoskeletal organisation in the follicular epithelium of wt andgrkusing fluorescent phalloidin and an antibody against acetylated α-tubulin. Corresponding to impaired polarity ingrk, the slope of the anteroposterior Vmem-gradient in stage S9 is significantly reduced compared to wt.Even more striking differences in Vmem- and pHi-patterns become obvious during stage S10B, when the respective dorsoventral gradients are established in wt but not ingrk. Concurrent with bioelectrical differences, wt andgrkexhibit differences concerning cytoskeletal patterns in the follicular epithelium. During all vitellogenic stages, basal microfilaments ingrkare characterised by transversal alignment, while wt-typical condensations in centripetal follicle cells (S9) and in dorsal centripetal follicle cells (S10B) are absent. Moreover, ingrk, longitudinal alignment of microtubules occurs throughout vitellogenesis in all follicle cells, whereas in wt, microtubules in mainbody and posterior follicle cells exhibit a more cell-autonomous organisation. Therefore, in contrast to wt, the follicular epithelium ingrkis characterised by missing or shallower electrochemical gradients and by more coordinated transcellular cytoskeletal patterns.ConclusionsOur results show that bioelectrical polarity and cytoskeletal polarity are closely linked to axial polarity in both wt andgrk. When primary polarity signals are altered, both bioelectrical and cytoskeletal patterns in the follicular epithelium change. We propose that not only cell-specific levels of Vmemand pHi, or the polarities of transcellular electrochemical gradients, but also the slopes of these gradients are crucial for cytoskeletal modifications and, thus, for proper development of epithelial polarity.
Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS3 signaling attenuates atherosclerosis in rabbit
Authors: Yang Xilan , Jia Jian , Yu Zhen , Duanmu Zheng , He Huiwei , Chen Sen , Qu Chen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have indicated that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is involved in modulating arterial adventitia inflammation response. In this study, we designed experiments to further investigate the effect of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS3 signaling in rabbit atherosclerosis process.

Methods
Atherosclerosis was induced in the abdominal arteries of rabbits by balloon injury of the aorta supplemented by the atherogenic diet. Simultaneously, in the process of atherosclerosis, animals underwent either ruxolitinib treatment or not for 12 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, all rabbits were sacrificed. The plaque areas in abdominal artery, the lipid burden of plaque and the calcium burden of plaque were detected by H&E staining, Oil Red O staining and Alizarin Red staining, respectively. In addition, rabbit plasma lipids and inflammatory cytokines were measured by biochemical test kits or ELISA kits. Finally, the expression and phosphorylation levels of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway-related proteins were detected by RT-qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry assays.

Results
H&E staining and CT scan analysis showed that rabbit atherosclerosis model was constructed successfully. Ruxolitinib, an inhibitor of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), substantially reduced the area of atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits treated with high fat diet and balloon injury of the aorta. Moreover, ruxolitinib significantly decreased IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α, but increased IL-10 and IL-17 levels in plasma of atherosclerotic rabbits. Additionally, ruxolitinib reduced plasma TC, TG and LDL-C contents and AIP value, while enhanced HDL-C level in atherosclerotic rabbits. Furthermore, we found that JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation were up-regulated in rabbits with atherosclerosis when compared with those of the control group, followed by the expression of SOCS3 was also increased due to the activation of JAK2 and STAT3. Interestingly, ruxolitinib could inactivate JAK2 and STAT3 pathway and decrease SOCS3 expression.

Conclusion
Taken together, the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3/SOCS3 signaling pathway may be a novel method for the clinical treatment of artery atherosclerosis.
A novel approach to conducting clinical trials in the community setting: utilizing patient-driven platforms and social media to drive web-based patient recruitment
Authors: Applequist Janelle , Burroughs Cristina , Ramirez Artemio , Merkel Peter A. , Rothenberg Marc E. , Trapnell Bruce , Desnick Robert J. , Sahin Mustafa , Krischer Jeffrey P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundParticipant recruitment for clinical research studies remains a significant challenge for researchers. Novel approaches to recruitment are necessary to ensure that populations are easier to reach. In the context of rare diseases, social media provides a unique opportunity for connecting with patient groups that have representatively lower diagnosis rates when compared with more common diseases or illness. We describe the implementation of designing a patient-centered approach to message design for the purposes of recruiting patients for clinical research studies for rare disease populations.MethodsUsing an iterative research approach, we analyzed our previous experience of using web-based direct-to-patient recruitment methods to compare these online strategies with traditional center of excellence recruitment strategies. After choosing six research studies for inclusion in the previous study, in-depth, online interviews (n = 37) were conducted with patients represented in each disease category to develop and test recruitment message strategies for social media and a Web-based platform for patients to access study information and pre-screen. Finally, relationships were established with Patient Advocacy Groups representing each rare disease category to ensure further dissemination of recruitment materials via their own social media networks.ResultsGuided by social marketing theory, we created and tested various recruitment message designs. Three key message concepts preferred by patients emerged: (1) infographic; (2) positive emotional messages; and (3) educational information for sharing. A base study website was designed and created based on data from patient interviews. This website includes the option for potential participants to pre-screen and determine their eligibility for the study.ConclusionsStudy participants report wanting to be involved in the design and implementation of recruitment approaches for clinical research studies. The application of the aforementioned methods could aide in the evolution of clinical research practices for the recruitment of both rare and common diseases, where patient-centric approaches can help to create targeted messages designs that participants pre-test and support.
Fecal microbiota characteristics of Chinese patients with primary IgA nephropathy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hu Xiaofang , Du Jie , Xie Yuhong , Huang Qiong , Xiao Yi , Chen Juan , Yan Siyuan , Gong Zhicheng , Ouyang Shaxi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Growing evidence has shown that the gut-renal connection and gut microbiota dysbiosis play a critical role in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). However, the fecal microbiome profile in Chinese patients with IgAN remains unknown. A cross-sectional study was designed for the first time to investigate the fecal microbiota compositions in patients with primary IgAN in China and to evaluate the relationship between the fecal microbiome and IgAN clinical presentation.

Methods
Fecal samples were collected from 17 IgAN patients and 18 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls, and bacterial DNA was extracted for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing targeting the V3-V4 region.

Results
Fecal samples from the IgAN patients and healthy controls showed differences in gut microbiota community richness and compositions. Compared to the healthy controls, IgAN patients at the phylum level had an increased abundance of Fusobacteria, but a decreased abundance of Synergistetes. The significantly increased genera in the IgAN group were Escherichia-Shigella, Hungatella, and Eggerthella, all of which possess pathogenic potential. Furthermore, the genus Escherichia-Shigella was negatively associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) but was positively associated with the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR). However, the genus rectale_group was present in the IgAN group with a low abundance and was negatively associated with the uACR. Functional analysis disclosed that infection-related pathways were enriched in the IgAN group.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that gut microbiota dysbiosis occurs in patients with IgAN, and that changes in gut bacterial populations are closely related to IgAN clinical features, suggesting that certain specific gut microbiota may be a potential therapeutic target for IgAN.
The impact of physical exercise on the fatigue symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Razazian Nazanin , Kazeminia Mohsen , Moayedi Hossein , Daneshkhah Alireza , Shohaimi Shamarina , Mohammadi Masoud , Jalali Rostam , Salari Nader 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite many benefits of the physical activity on physical and mental health of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the activity level in these patients is still very limited, and they continue to suffer from impairment in functioning ability. The main aim of this study is thus to closely examine exercise’s effect on fatigue of patients with MS worldwide, with particular interest on Iran based on a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
The studies used in this systematic review were selected from the articles published from 1996 to 2019, in national and international databases including SID, Magiran, Iranmedex, Irandoc, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (ISI). These databases were thoroughly searched, and the relevant ones were selected based on some plausible keywords to the aim of this study. Heterogeneity index between studies was determined using Cochran’s test and I2. Due to heterogeneity in studies, the random effects model was used to estimate standardized mean difference.

Results
From the systematic review, a meta-analysis was performed on 31 articles which were fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The sample including of 714 subjects was selected from the intervention group, and almost the same sample size of 720 individuals were selected in the control group. Based on the results derived from this meta-analysis, the standardized mean difference between the intervention group before and after the intervention was respectively estimated to be 23.8 ± 6.2 and 16.9 ± 3.2, which indicates that the physical exercise reduces fatigue in patients with MS.

Conclusion
The results of this study extracted from a detailed meta-analysis reveal and confirm that physical exercise significantly reduces fatigue in patients with MS. As a results, a regular exercise program is strongly recommended to be part of a rehabilitation program for these patients.
Correction to: Safety and tolerability of monthly galcanezumab injections in patients with migraine: integrated results from migraine clinical studies
Authors: Bangs Mark E. , Kudrow David , Wang Shufang , Oakes Tina M. , Terwindt Gisela M. , Magis Delphine , Yunes-Medina Laura , Stauffer Virginia L. 
Published: March 2020

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors noticed an error in the values for ‘Hypersensitivity SMQ’ and ‘Rash’ in Table 7.
Blepharoptosis among Korean adults: age-related prevalence and threshold age for evaluation
Authors: Paik Ji-Sun , Han Kyungdo , Yang Suk-Woo , Park Yongkyu , Na Kyungsun , Cho Wonkyung , Jung Su-Kyung , Kim Sungeun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the prevalence of blepharoptosis among Korean adults and the characteristics of blepharoptosis patients, and to determine an appropriate age threshold for recommending blepharoptosis evaluation.

Methods
The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-V) was conducted in 2010–2012. We extracted data on 17,878 Korean adults aged more than and equal to 19 years included in KNHANES-V, and determined blepharoptosis prevalence according to age, to determine the cutoff age for recommending blepharoptosis evaluation. We also determined the possible association between blepharoptosis and obesity parameters, such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).

Results
There was astrong association between older age and the prevalence of blepharoptosis. The cutoff age for recommending blepharoptosis evaluation was 63 years for males, 70 years for females, and 66 years for all patients. Patients with a high BMI and large WC had a higher prevalence of blepharoptosis in all age groups except for those aged over 80 years. The association of blepharoptosis with BMI according to age group showed that in the 50–59 and 60–69 years age groups, blepharoptosis prevalence and BMI were higher. However, in the 70–79 and 80–89 years age groups, extremely obese patients (BMI > 30) showed a decreased blepharoptosis prevalence.

Conclusions
Moderate to severe blepharoptosis can result in poor visual function and exacerbate headaches and depression, leading to decreased quality of life. This study proposed an appropriate age threshold for recommending evaluation of patients with blepharoptosis among the general population of Korea.
Do smoking, nutrition, alcohol use, and physical activity vary between regions in Germany? - results of a cross-sectional study
Authors: Atzendorf Josefine , Apfelbacher Christian , de Matos Elena Gomes , Lochbühler Kirsten , Piontek Daniela , Seitz Nicki-Nils , Kraus Ludwig 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Previous studies on lifestyle risk factors mainly focused on age- or gender-specific differences. However, lifestyle risk factors also vary across regions. Aim of the present study was to examine the extent to which prevalence rates of SNAP (smoking, nutrition, alcohol consumption, physical activity) vary between East and West Germany or North and South Germany.

Methods
Data came from the population-representative 2015 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA) comprising 9204 subjects aged 18 to 64 years. To assess an east-west or south-north gradient, two binary logistic regression models were carried out for each SNAP factor.

Results
The logistic regression models revealed statistically significant differences with higher rates of at-risk alcohol consumption and lower rates of unhealthy nutrition in East Germany compared to West Germany. Significant differences between North and South Germany were found for at-risk alcohol consumption with higher rates of at-risk alcohol consumption in South Germany. Daily smoking and low physical activity were equally distributed across regions.

Conclusions
The implementation of measures reducing at-risk alcohol consumption in Germany should take the identified east-west and south-north gradient into account. Since the prevalence of unhealthy nutrition was generally high, prevention and intervention measures should focus on Germany as a whole instead of specific regions.
Direct and lost productivity costs associated with avoidable hospital admissions
Authors: Rocha João Victor Muniz , Marques Ana Patrícia , Moita Bruno , Santana Rui 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions are commonly used to evaluate primary health care performance, as the hospital admission could be avoided if care was timely and adequate. Previous evidence indicates that avoidable hospitalizations carry a substantial direct financial burden in some countries. However, no attention has been given to the economic burden on society they represent. The aim of this study is to estimate the direct and lost productivity costs of avoidable hospital admissions in Portugal.

Methods
Hospitalizations occurring in Portugal in 2015 were analyzed. Avoidable hospitalizations were defined and their associated costs and years of potential life lost were calculated. Direct costs were obtained using official hospitalization prices. For lost productivity, there were estimated costs for absenteeism and premature death. Costs were analyzed by components, by conditions and by variations on estimation parameters.

Results
The total estimated cost associated with avoidable hospital admissions was €250 million (€2515 per hospitalization), corresponding to 6% of the total budget of public hospitals in Portugal. These hospitalizations led to 109,641 years of potential life lost. Bacterial pneumonia, congestive heart failure and urinary tract infection accounted for 77% of the overall costs. Nearly 82% of avoidable hospitalizations were in patients aged 65 years or older, therefore did not account for the lost productivity costs. Nearly 84% of the total cost comes from the direct cost of the hospitalization. Lost productivity costs are estimated to be around €40 million.

Conclusion
The age distribution of avoidable hospitalizations had a significant effect on costs components. Not only did hospital admissions have a substantial direct economic impact, they also imposed a considerable economic burden on society. Substantial financial resources could potentially be saved if the country reduced avoidable hospitalizations.
A heat-sensitive Osh protein controls PI4P polarity
Authors: Omnus Deike J. , Cadou Angela , Thomas Ffion B. , Bader Jakob M. , Soh Nathaniel , Chung Gary H. C. , Vaughan Andrew N. , Stefan Christopher J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Phosphoinositide lipids provide spatial landmarks during polarized cell growth and migration. Yet how phosphoinositide gradients are oriented in response to extracellular cues and environmental conditions is not well understood. Here, we elucidate an unexpected mode of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) regulation in the control of polarized secretion.

Results
We show that PI4P is highly enriched at the plasma membrane of growing daughter cells in budding yeast where polarized secretion occurs. However, upon heat stress conditions that redirect secretory traffic, PI4P rapidly increases at the plasma membrane in mother cells resulting in a more uniform PI4P distribution. Precise control of PI4P distribution is mediated through the Osh (oxysterol-binding protein homology) proteins that bind and present PI4P to a phosphoinositide phosphatase. Interestingly, Osh3 undergoes a phase transition upon heat stress conditions, resulting in intracellular aggregates and reduced cortical localization. Both the Osh3 GOLD and ORD domains are sufficient to form heat stress-induced aggregates, indicating that Osh3 is highly tuned to heat stress conditions. Upon loss of Osh3 function, the polarized distribution of both PI4P and the exocyst component Exo70 are impaired. Thus, an intrinsically heat stress-sensitive PI4P regulatory protein controls the spatial distribution of phosphoinositide lipid metabolism to direct secretory trafficking as needed.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that control of PI4P metabolism by Osh proteins is a key determinant in the control of polarized growth and secretion.
Long noncoding RNA lncARSR promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting YAP1 and activating the IRS2/AKT pathway
Authors: Chi Yuan , Gong Zheng , Xin He , Wang Ziwen , Liu Zhaoyu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main cause for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was intended to identify the function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) lncARSR in NAFLD and its role in human HCC cells (HepG2) proliferation and invasion.

Methods
LncARSR expression was detected both in high fatty acid-treated HepG2 cells and NAFLD mouse model. After gain- and loss-of-function approaches in high fatty acid-treated HepG2 cells and NAFLD mice, lipid accumulation in livers from NAFLD mice and high fatty acid-treated cells was determined by H&E staining, Oil Red-O staining or Nile Red staining respectively. Expression of YAP1, adipogenesis- (Fasn, Scd1 and GPA) and IRS2/AKT pathway-related genes was measured. Cell proliferation was monitored by MTT and soft-agar colony formation assays, cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and cell invasion was examined by transwell assay. The tumor weight and volume were then measured through in vivo xenograft tumor model after silencing lncARSR.

Results
LncARSR was highly expressed in high fatty diet (HFD)-fed mice and high fatty acid-treated HepG2 cells. LncARSR was observed to bind to YAP1, which inhibited phosphorylation nuclear translocation. LncARSR activated the IRS2/AKT pathway by reducing YAP1 phosphorylation, and further increased lipid accumulation, cell proliferation, invasion and cell cycle. Silencing lncARSR in HFD-fed mice alleviated NAFLD by regulating YAP1/IRS2/AKT axis.

Conclusion
Silencing lncARSR suppressed the IRS2/AKT pathway, consequently reducing HCC cell proliferation and invasion and inhibiting lipid accumulation in NAFLD mice by downregulating YAP1, which suggests a clinical application in treating NAFLD.