bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AML risk stratification models utilizing ELN-2017 guidelines and additional prognostic factors: a SWOG report
Authors: Pogosova-Agadjanyan Era L. , Moseley Anna , Othus Megan , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Chauncey Thomas R. , Chen I-Ming L. , Erba Harry P. , Godwin John E. , Jenkins Isaac C. , Fang Min , Huynh Mike , Kopecky Kenneth J. , List Alan F. , Naru Jasmine , Radich Jerald P. , Stevens Emily , Willborg Brooke E. , Willman Cheryl L. , Wood Brent L. , Zhang Qing , Meshinchi Soheil , Stirewalt Derek L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The recently updated European LeukemiaNet risk stratification guidelines combine cytogenetic abnormalities and genetic mutations to provide the means to triage patients with acute myeloid leukemia for optimal therapies. Despite the identification of many prognostic factors, relatively few have made their way into clinical practice.

Methods
In order to assess and improve the performance of the European LeukemiaNet guidelines, we developed novel prognostic models using the biomarkers from the guidelines, age, performance status and select transcript biomarkers. The models were developed separately for mononuclear cells and viable leukemic blasts from previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia patients (discovery cohort, N = 185) who received intensive chemotherapy. Models were validated in an independent set of similarly treated patients (validation cohort, N = 166).

Results
Models using European LeukemiaNet guidelines were significantly associated with clinical outcomes and, therefore, utilized as a baseline for comparisons. Models incorporating age and expression of select transcripts with biomarkers from European LeukemiaNet guidelines demonstrated higher area under the curve and C-statistics but did not show a substantial improvement in performance in the validation cohort. Subset analyses demonstrated that models using only the European LeukemiaNet guidelines were a better fit for younger patients (age < 55) than for older patients. Models integrating age and European LeukemiaNet guidelines visually showed more separation between risk groups in older patients. Models excluding results for ASXL1, CEBPA, RUNX1 and TP53, demonstrated that these mutations provide a limited overall contribution to risk stratification across the entire population, given the low frequency of mutations and confounding risk factors.

Conclusions
While European LeukemiaNet guidelines remain a critical tool for triaging patients with acute myeloid leukemia, the findings illustrate the need for additional prognostic factors, including age, to improve risk stratification.
Bidirectional interaction between intestinal microbiome and cancer: opportunities for therapeutic interventions
Authors: Dutta Dibyendu , Lim Seah H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGut microbiota composition influences the balance between human health and disease. Increasing evidence suggests the involvement of microbial factors in regulating cancer development, progression, and therapeutic response. Distinct microbial species have been implicated in modulating gut environment and architecture that affects cancer therapy outcomes. While some microbial species offer enhanced cancer therapy response, others diminish cancer treatment efficacy. In addition, use of antibiotics, often to minimize infection risks in cancer, causes intestinal dysbiosis and proves detrimental. In this review we discuss the role of gut microbiota in cancer development and therapy. We also provide insights into future strategies to manipulate the microbiome and gut epithelial barrier to augment therapeutic responses while minimizing toxicity or infection risks.
Effects of hypertonic saline versus mannitol in patients with traumatic brain injury in prehospital, emergency department, and intensive care unit settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Miyoshi Yukari , Kondo Yutaka , Suzuki Hidetaka , Fukuda Tatsuma , Yasuda Hideto , Yokobori Shoji ,   for the Japan Resuscitation Council (JRC) Neuroresuscitation Task Force and the Guidelines Editorial Committee, Ajimi Yasuhiko , Iwase Masaaki , Unemoto Kyoko , Kumasawa Junji , Goto Jun , Kobata Hitoshi , Sawamura Atsushi , Hifumi Toru , Hoshiyama Eisei , Honda Mitsuru , Norisue Yasuhiro , Matsumoto Shoji , Miyake Yasufumi , Moriya Takashi , Yatabe Tomoaki , Yamakawa Kazuma , Yang Sunghoon , Wakasugi Masahiro , Nagayama Masao , Kinoshita Kosaku , Nonogi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntracranial pressure control has long been recognized as an important requirement for patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Hypertonic saline has drawn attention as an alternative to mannitol in this setting. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of hypertonic saline versus mannitol on clinical outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury in prehospital, emergency department, and intensive care unit settings by systematically reviewing the literature and synthesizing the evidence from randomized controlled trials.MethodsWe searched the MEDLINE database, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Igaku Chuo Zasshi (ICHUSHI) Web database with no date restrictions. We selected randomized controlled trials in which the clinical outcomes of adult patients with traumatic brain injury were compared between hypertonic saline and mannitol strategies. Two investigators independently screened the search results and conducted the data extraction. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes were 90-day and 180-day mortality, good neurological outcomes, reduction in intracranial pressure, and serum sodium level. Random effects estimators with weights calculated by the inverse variance method were used to determine the pooled risk ratios.ResultsA total of 125 patients from four randomized trials were included, and all the studies were conducted in the intensive care unit. Among 105 patients from three trials that evaluated the primary outcome, 50 patients were assigned to the hypertonic saline group and 55 patients were assigned to the mannitol group. During the observation period, death was observed for 16 patients in the hypertonic saline group (32.0%) and 21 patients in the mannitol group (38.2%). The risks were not significant between the two infusion strategies (pooled risk ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.49–1.37). There were also no significant differences between the two groups in the other secondary outcomes. However, the certainty of the evidence was rated very low for all outcomes.ConclusionsOur findings revealed no significant difference in the all-cause mortality rates between patients receiving hypertonic saline or mannitol to control intracranial pressure. Further investigation is warranted because we only included a limited number of studies
Oxygen administration in patients recovering from cardiac arrest: a narrative review
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Yoshizawa Jo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh oxygen tension in blood and/or tissue affects clinical outcomes in several diseases. Thus, the optimal target PaO2 for patients recovering from cardiac arrest (CA) has been extensively examined. Many patients develop hypoxic brain injury after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC); this supports the need for oxygen administration in patients after CA. Insufficient oxygen delivery due to decreased blood flow to cerebral tissue during CA results in hypoxic brain injury. By contrast, hyperoxia may increase dissolved oxygen in the blood and, subsequently, generate reactive oxygen species that are harmful to neuronal cells. This secondary brain injury is particularly concerning. Although several clinical studies demonstrated that hyperoxia during post-CA care was associated with poor neurological outcomes, considerable debate is ongoing because of inconsistent results. Potential reasons for the conflicting results include differences in the definition of hyperoxia, the timing of exposure to hyperoxia, and PaO2 values used in analyses. Despite the conflicts, exposure to PaO2 > 300 mmHg through administration of unnecessary oxygen should be avoided because no obvious benefit has been demonstrated. The feasibility of titrating oxygen administration by targeting SpO2 at approximately 94% in patients recovering from CA has been demonstrated in pilot randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Such protocols should be further examined.
Does whole-body bone SPECT/CT provide additional diagnostic information over [18F]-FCH PET/CT for the detection of bone metastases in the setting of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence?
Authors: de Leiris Nicolas , Leenhardt Julien , Boussat Bastien , Montemagno Christopher , Seiller Alexandre , Phan Sy Olivier , Roux Julie , Laramas Mathieu , Verry Camille , Iriart Carole , Fiard Gaelle , Long Jean-Alexandre , Descotes Jean-Luc , Vuillez Jean-Philippe , Riou Laurent , Djaileb Loïc 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
To assess whether whole-body (WB) bone SPECT/CT provides additional diagnostic information over [18F]-FCH PET/CT for the detection of bone metastases in the setting of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence (PC-BR).

Methods
Patients referred for a PC-BR and whom benefited from a WB bone SPECT/CT and FCH PET/CT were retrospectively included. Tests were classified as positive, equivocal, or negative for bone metastases. A best valuable comparator (BVC) strategy including imaging and follow-up data was used to determine the metastatic status in the absence of systematic histological evaluation.

Results
Between January 2011 and November 2017, 115 consecutive patients with a PC-BR were evaluated. According to the BVC, 30 patients had bone metastases and 85 patients did not present with bone lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were respectively 86.7% [69.3–96.2], 98.8% [93.6–100.0], 96.3% [78.7–99.5], and 95.5% [89.4–98.1] for WB bone SPECT/CT and 93.3% [77.9–99.2], 100.0% [95.8–100.0], 100.0 and 97.7% [91.8–99.4] for FCH PET/CT. There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy of bone metastases between WB Bone SPECT/CT (AUC 0.824 [0.74–0.90]) and FCH PET/CT (AUC 0.829 [0.75–0.90], p = 0.41).

Conclusion
Despite good performances for the diagnosis of bone metastases in PC-BR, WB bone SPECT/CT does not provide additive diagnostic information over concomitant FCH PET/CT.
Panspecies molecular assays detect viral pathogens missed by real-time PCR/reverse-transcriptase PCR among pneumonia patients, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Fieldhouse Jane K. , Bailey Emily S. , Toh Teck-Hock , Hii King-Ching , Mallinson Kerry A. , Ting Jakie , Lednicky John A. , Berita Antoinette , Nguyen Tham Thi , Galan Diego , Than Son T. , Wong See-Chang , Wong Toh-Mee , Blair Patrick J. , Gray Gregory C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn a year-long pneumonia etiology study conducted June 2017 to May 2018 in Sarawak, Malaysia, 599 patients’ nasopharyngeal swab specimens were studied with real-time polymerase chain reaction (rPCR)/ reverse-transcription (rRT-PCR) assays for respiratory pathogens known to contribute to the high burden of lower respiratory tract infections. The study team sought to compare real-time assay results with panspecies conventional molecular diagnostics to compare sensitivities and learn if novel viruses had been missed.MethodsSpecimens were studied for evidence of adenovirus (AdV), enterovirus (EV) and coronavirus (CoV) with panspecies gel-based nested PCR/RT-PCR assays. Gene sequences of specimens positive by panspecies assays were sequenced and studied with the NCBI Basic Local Alignment Search Tool software.ResultsThere was considerable discordance between real-time and conventional molecular methods. The real-time AdV assay found a positivity of 10.4%; however, the AdV panspecies assay detected a positivity of 12.4% and the conventional AdV-Hexon assay detected a positivity of 19.6%. The CoV and EV panspecies assays similarly detected more positive specimens than the real-time assays, with a positivity of 7.8% by the CoV panspecies assay versus 4.2% by rRT-PCR, and 8.0% by the EV panspecies assay versus 1.0% by rRT-PCR. We were not able to ascertain virus viability in this setting. While most discordance was likely due to assay sensitivity for previously described human viruses, two novel, possible zoonotic AdV were detected.ConclusionsThe observed differences in the two modes of amplification suggest that where a problem with sensitivity is suspected, real-time assay results might be supplemented with panspecies conventional PCR/RT-PCR assays.
Simulation-based training for early procedural skills acquisition in new anesthesia trainees: a prospective observational study
Authors: Sanchez Novas Delfina , Domenech Gonzalo , Belitzky Natalia Giselda , Errecart Maria Mercedes , Terrasa Sergio Adrian , Garcia Fornari Gustavo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn a setting in which learning of basic procedural skills commences upon graduation from medical school, and as a first step towards integration of simulation-based learning into the anesthesiology training program, a preparatory course for new anesthesia trainees was designed. Three educational strategies were sequentially combined (e-learning, simulation-based hands on workshops, and on-site observational learning), and performance was assessed in a stepwise approach on five procedural skills considered essential for early anesthetic management (peripheral intravenous cannulation, sterile hand wash and gowning, anesthesia workstation preparation, face-mask ventilation, and orotracheal intubation). The primary aim of this study was to determine if this preparatory training course at the onset of anesthesiology residency is useful to achieve a competent trainee performance in the clinical setting.MethodsThis prospective study was carried out at a university-affiliated hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 2017 to 2019. The 24 participants, comprising three cohorts of 8 residents each, underwent a preparatory course at the onset of residency. Diverse, consecutive educational strategies, and assessments (three stages: 1, 2, 3) took place using task-specific tools (checklists) and global rating scales for five procedural skills. The primary outcome was achievement of competent scores (85%) in final assessments, and the secondary outcomes were performance improvement between assessment stages and compliance with predefined safety items.ResultsTwenty trainees (83.3%) were found to be globally competent (both assessment tools for all procedures) during final assessments (stage 3). Statistically significant improvement was found for all procedural skills between baseline and after workshop assessment scores (stages 1–2), except for orotracheal intubation in checklists, and for all procedural skills between stages 2 and 3 except for sterile hand wash and gowning in checklists.ConclusionsIn our single-center experience, the gap for competent trainee performance in essential early anesthetic management skills can be effectively covered by conducting an intensive, preparatory course using the combination of three educational strategies (e-learning, simulation-based hands on workshops, and observational learning) at the onset of residency. This course has allowed learning to be generated in a secure environment for both patients and trainees.
Simulation-based education to promote confidence in managing clinical aggression at a paediatric hospital
Authors: Mitchell Marijke , Newall Fiona , Sokol Jennifer , Heywood Melissa , Williams Katrina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of incidents involving aggressive behaviour in acute care hospitals are being witnessed worldwide. Acute care hospital staff are often not trained or confident in managing aggression. Competent management of clinical aggression is important to maintain staff and patient safety. Training programmes for acute care staff are infrequently described in the literature and rarely reported for paediatric staff. Simulation training allows practice of skills without patient risk and may be more effective than traditional teaching formats for aggression management.Aim and designThe aim of this proof of concept study was to develop a simulation-based education session on aggression management for acute care paediatric staff based on best practice principles, to evaluate the acceptability of this training programme and to gain an understanding of the impact of the training on participants’ perceived confidence in managing clinical aggression. Two separate simulation exercises were delivered as a 2-h component of a hospital management of clinical aggression (MOCA) training day. Participants completed a written survey immediately prior to, at completion of the simulation-based group training, and at 3–6 months following the simulation training.FindingsNine training days were conducted in 2017 for nursing, medical, allied health, education and security staff with a total of 146 participants (83% were acute care nurses). Two thirds (68%) of participants had experienced clinical aggression as part of their routine work, with 51% overall reporting a lack of confidence managing these patients. Immediately following the simulation training, 80% of all participants reported feeling more confident in managing clinical aggression, 47% reported a 1-point increase in confidence, whilst 33% of participants reported a 2- or 3-point increase. At 3–6 months post-training, 66% of respondents (N= 44) reported continued confidence in managing aggression with 100% of participants stating they would recommend simulation training to colleagues.ConclusionsSimulation training is an acceptable method of training and shows promise to improve staff-perceived confidence for managing behavioural emergencies in acute paediatric health care settings. In addition, there were potential enduring positive impacts at 3 months after the study. Whilst resource and time intensive, further research assessing the benefits of utilising simulation training in this setting is warranted in order to minimise staff burn-out and improve outcomes for these very vulnerable patients.
A practical guide to virtual debriefings: communities of inquiry perspective
Authors: Cheng Adam , Kolbe Michaela , Grant Vincent , Eller Susan , Hales Roberta , Symon Benjamin , Griswold Sharon , Eppich Walter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany simulation programs have recently shifted towards providing remote simulations with virtual debriefings. Virtual debriefings involve educators facilitating conversations through web-based videoconferencing platforms. Facilitating debriefings through a computer interface introduces a unique set of challenges. Educators require practical guidance to support meaningful virtual learning in the transition from in-person to virtual debriefings. The communities of inquiry conceptual framework offer a useful structure to organize practical guidance for conducting virtual debriefings. The communities of inquiry framework describe the three key elements—social presence, teaching presence, and cognitive presence—all of which contribute to the overall learning experience. In this paper, we (1) define the CoI framework and describe its three core elements, (2) highlight how virtual debriefings align with CoI, (3) anticipate barriers to effective virtual debriefings, and (4) share practical strategies to overcome these hurdles.
COVID-19 and a novel initiative to improve safety by 3D printing personal protective equipment parts from computed tomography
Authors: Coté John J. , Haggstrom John , Vivekanandan Ranuga , Coté Kristin A. , Real Daniel L. , Weber David P. , Cheng Anne , Dubay Nicholas G. , Farias-Eisner Robin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPowered air-purifying respirators are in short supply and can break down with extended use. Replacement parts can become hard to acquire. The aim of this study was to create an innovative quality improvement proof of concept using rapid prototyping.MethodsHere we report three cases of 3D printed powered air-purifying respirator parts. 3D printing was performed on all parts using fused deposition modeling with standard polylactic acid, in the same way that presurgical models would be created. Measurements using an electronic caliper as well as CT scans were used to compare an original part to its corresponding 3D printed parts for accuracy.ResultsElectronic caliper and computed tomography measurements both showed accuracy consistant with current published norms.ConclusionsUltimately, there will be questions surrounding intellectual property, effectiveness and potential long-term safety for these types of 3D printed parts. Future research should look into the addition of specific nanoparticles from the position of cost, efficacy, safety and improved accuracy.
Efficacy of indigenous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and Trichoderma strains in eliciting resistance against bacterial wilt in a tomato
Authors: Konappa Narasimhamurthy , Krishnamurthy Soumya , Arakere Udayashankar C. , Chowdappa Srinivas , Ramachandrappa Niranjana Siddapura 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBacterial wilt of tomato caused byRalstonia solanacearumis a serious threat to tomato production worldwide. For eco-friendly management of bacterial wilt of tomato, the rhizospheric microorganisms belonging to the generaBacillus(6 isolates),Brevibacillus(1 isolate),Pseudomonas(3 isolates), andTrichoderma(8 isolates) were studied for their ability to induce innate immunity in tomato, individually and in combination againstR. solanacearumin greenhouse and field studies. In laboratory studies, maximum germination percent of 93%, vigor index of 1609 was noted in seed bacterization withP. fluorescensPf3, followed by 91% germination, vigor index of 1593 in treatment withT. asperellumT8 over control. Under greenhouse conditions, protection against bacterial wilt in individual treatments with PGPRs ranged from 38 to 43% andTrichodermasp. ranged from 39 to 43% in comparison to control. In comparison to individual seed treatment, among different combinations, maximum seed germination percent of 97% was recorded with combinationP. fluorescensPf3 +T. longibrachiatumUNS11. In greenhouse studies’ combination seed treatment withP. fluorescensPf3+ T. longibrachiatumUNS11 offered an impressive 62% protection against bacterial wilt over control. Similarly, under field conditions, seed treatment withP. fluorescensPf3+ T. longibrachiatumUNS11 resulted in 61% protection. The innate immunity triggered by eco-friendly seed treatment was analyzed by expression to defense-related enzymes such as peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonialyase, and polyphenol oxidase in comparison to control. This study indicated that the potential benefits of using combination treatments of beneficial microorganisms in effectively inducing resistance are possible for dual benefits of enhanced plant growth, tomato yield, and pathogen suppression.