bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition and physical characteristics of coal and mangrove wood as alternative fuel
Authors: Rahman R , Widodo S , Azikin B , Tahir D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Physical properties and chemical properties of coal and mangrove wood (rhizophora macronata lamck) was determined by using proximate, ultimate, and calorific analysis. Proximate analysis is used to determine moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon. The ultimate analysis is the important chemical elements in biomass; use to determine carbon and sulfur content. The calorific value of coal and mangrove wood was conducted by using bomb calorimeter method. The aims in this study is to determine physical and chemical characteristics of coal from Kaltim Prima Coal Company (East Kalimantan Province), Sinjai coal and also mangrove wood from Sinjai (South Sulawesi Province). Result of chemical composition and physical characteristic (proximate, ultimate analysis and calorific value of coal and mangrove wood were as follow: coal from Kaltim Prima Coal were moisture: 16.11%, ash: 3.77%, volatile matter: 43.10%, fixed carbon: 37.01%, carbon content: 44.86%, sulfur content: 0.130% and calorific value: 4160.93 cal/gram. Sinjai coal: moisture content: 10.09%, ash: 52.41%, volatile matter: 23.54%, fixed carbon: 13.96%, carbon content: 24.37%, sulfur content: 0.272% and calorific value: 3941.21 cal/gram. Mangrove wood charcoal from Sinjai: moisture: 5.58%, ash: 6.34%, volatile matter: 19.30%, fixed carbon: 68.78%, carbon: 51.82% sulfur: 0.029%, and calorific value: 3800.1 cal/gram. After the pyrolysis process, mangrove wood produces a high enough calorific value which increases the calorific value, to: 5404.04 cal/gram. Based on the physical and chemical characteristics in this study shows mangrove wood have high potential to be used as an alternative fuel which was effective for household and industrial purposes.
Phytoremediation of tofu wastewater using Eichhornia crassipes
Authors: Oktorina A N , Achmad Z , Mary S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The tofu industry in Indonesia is generally dominated by small industries so that the wastewater produced is not properly managed. The tofu industries generally produce wastewater from the washing, pressing, and molding process. Phytoremediation can be used as an alternative solution for tofu wastewater remediation process because of its advantages as a cost-effective, efficient, and eco-friendly technology. This research used parallel reactor with circulation flow. Eichhornia crassipes with 1500 gram/compartment was used as the growing medium. The variables used in this study is the phytoremediation treatment and phytoremediation time. Phytoremediation treatment variations used anaeration and aeration methods for 10 days. The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of the average decrease in the two treatments; (1) anaeration treatment could reduce BOD 59.84%, COD 58.95%, TSS 86.79% and ammonia 25.43%, (2) aeration treatment could reduce BOD 80.67%, COD amounting to 78.28%, TSS 65.79% and ammonia 49.79%. Percentage of absorption of pollutant levels (BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia) in tofu wastewater increases with increasing phytoremediation time and number of compartments. According to the effectiveness value, aeration treatment was the most effective treatment in reducing the levels of tofu wastewater pollutants.
On One-Dimensional Quaternion Fourier Transform
Authors: Bahri Mawardi , Toaha Syamsuddin , Rahim Amran , Azis Moh. Ivan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There have been several efforts in the literature to extend the traditional Fourier transformation by using the quaternion algebra. This paper presents the one-dimensional quaternion Fourier transform. We derive its properties which are the extensions of corresponding properties of the one-dimensional Fourier transformation. Finally, the convolution theorem related to the one-dimensional quaternion Fourier transform is discussed.
Boundary value problems governed by Helmholtz equation for anisotropic trigonometrically graded materials: A boundary element method solution
Authors: Khaeruddin  , Galsan A , Azis M I , Ilyas N , Paharuddin  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Trigonometrically graded media of anisotropic diffusion coefficient are under consideration. Boundary value problems (BVPs) of such kind of media, governed by a Helmholtz type equation, are solved numerically using a boundary element method (BEM). A technique of transforming the variable coefficient governing equation to a constant coefficient equation is utilized for deriving a boundary integral equation. Some particular problems are considered to illustrate the application of the BEM. The results show convergence, accuracy and consistency between the scattering and flow solutions. The results also show efficiency of the BEM procedure for producing the solutions in a short elapsed computation time length. Moreover the results indicate the effect of large wave number on the accuracy and the impact of the inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the material on the solutions.
Numerical simulation of modified Helmholtz boundary value problems for anisotropic exponentially graded materials
Authors: Azis M I , Ilyas N , Nafie N L , Karim A , Hamzah S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper we consider the modified Helmholtz type equation governing interior two-dimensional boundary value problems (BVPs) for anisotropic functionally graded materials (FGMs) with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. Persistently spatially changing diffusivity and leakage factor coefficients are involved in the governing equation. Both the anisotropic diffusivity and leakage factor coefficients vary according to an exponential gradation function. We use a technique of transforming the variable coefficient governing equation to a constant coefficient equation for deriving a boundary integral equation. And from the boundary integral equation obtained a standard boundary element method (BEM) is constructed to find numerical solutions to the BVPs. In order to illustrate the application of the BEM, some particular examples of BVPs are solved. The results show the convergence, accuracy, consistency between the scattering and flow solutions and efficiency (less computation time) of the BEM solutions. The results also show the impact of the inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the material on the solutions.
Stability Analysis for Routh-Hurwitz Conditions Using Partial Pivot
Authors: Erawaty N , Kasbawati  , Amir A K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Stability analysis of the polynomial characteristic equation is not easy to applied to a high-order system, in this case, it relates to search the roots of the degree n polynomial equation. It is difficult to find the roots of the equation, so stability analysis will be carried out using the stability of Routh-Hurwitz. In this study, a polynomial characteristic equation is given with a degree n with a real coefficient, then applied to the Hurwitz Matrix and a Gauss elimination procedure with a partial pivot is performed, then the growth factor is calculated. The results showed that the polynomial characteristic equation of degree n for Routh-Hurwitz conditions is said to be stable if each zero of the polynomial is located in the half left open field if and only if the elimination procedure can be performed and the optimal value of growth factor is 1.
A boundary element method solution to spatially variable coefficients diffusion convection equation of anisotropic media
Authors: Suryani S , Kusuma J , Ilyas N , Bahri M , Azis M I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The diffusion-convection equation with variable coefficients and for anisotropic media which were previously considered by other authors are discussed again in this paper to find their numerical solutions by using the boundary element method (BEM). The numerical results obtained show the consistency and accuracy of the BEM solutions. Also, the solutions exhibit the impact of the anisotropy and inhomogeneity (spatial variability) of the media.
Stability analysis of prey predator model with Holling II functional response and threshold harvesting for the predator
Authors: Yusrianto  , Toaha S , Kasbawati  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with a prey predator model with Holling response function of type II and continuous threshold harvesting in the predator population. The prey grows as a logistic model when there is no interaction with the predator. The predator is assumed decreasing due to natural death and interspecific interaction when there is no interaction with its prey. The existence of the interior equilibrium point is considered and the stability is analysed using linearization and eigenvalues methods. The phase portrait of the model is also used to determine the behaviour of populations. From the analyses of the model with harvesting we found that there exists a stable interior equilibrium point. The predator population will remain sustainable when the size of the populations are initially close enough to the equilibrium point. But when the threshold value is too high and the populations are initially quite far from the equilibrium point, then the predator population may stop being harvested at a certain time. Some numerical simulations are given to confirm the result of analysis.
A dynamic model of Indonesian National Health Insurance participation types
Authors: Listiani A , Alim K , Anggraeni A S , Effendie A R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper we will discuss the dynamic model of Indonesian National Health Insurance (JKN) participation number. In this model, we divide JKN participation types into three categories: PBPU, PBI and PPU. The dynamic model is built using ordinary differential equation (ODE) system from a multiple states model that describes the transition of JKN participation types from time to time. The parameters of the model are estimated from data that is refined by an exponential smoothing time series method. As a result, the estimated number of JKN participation for each type until 2045 is obtained.
Analysis of which factors are important in controlling the number of smokers in Indonesia
Authors: Ardiyanti N E , Susyanto N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The number of smokers in Indonesia is increasing, making the quality of health of the Indonesian population decrease. In addition, the age of smokers in Indonesia is also getting early. This paper discusses the problem of smoking in Indonesia by dividing the population of non-smokers, smokers, and ex-smokers divided into a population of teenagers and adults. First we will construct a mathematical model for this problem, then we get differential equation system. Next, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to get information about which factors are most important in controlling smoking.
Multi-objective optimization in determining the location of the transportation hub with generated data using nonparametric statistics
Authors: Juman R J , Susyanto N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we will discuss a mathematical modeling in determining the location of the transportation hub, so that the transportation hub can be placed optimally. In general, determining the location of the transportation hub is only considered the quantitative factors. However, in this paper will also consider the qualitative factor. Multi attribute group decision making (MAGDM) method will be used to bring qualitative forms into quantitative forms. This model is assumed that the number of passengers at a passenger generation point is unknown, therefore in this modeling there is a stochastic constraint. The distribution of the number of passengers in this paper is also unknown, therefore this modeling will be completed using nonparametric statistics estimation with generated data.
The effect of combination ethanol extracts of bitter melon leaves, white turmeric rhizome and bangle rhizome on the sgot-sgpt levels and the liver histopathology profile of rats
Authors: Alam G , Arham Q K , Mamada S S , Massi N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The leaves of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L), as well as rhizomes of White Turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.) and Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.), are some of the most commonly used plants in Indonesian herbal medicines. It was found that a combination of the three extracts was able to exhibit antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. We aim to observe the toxicity subchronically effect of the ethanol extracts of the plants, particularly in terms of the liver histopathological examination of rat models (Rattus norvegicus). The mixture extract was made into a suspension with various concentrations given for 28 days for 20 rats which were divided evenly into 4 groups. In this present study, The measurement results of SGOT (Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transferase) and SGPT (Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transferase) levels from rat blood were taken post-treatment period analyzed using One Way ANOVA showed that SGPT and SGOT did not increase significantly compared to the control group. Histopathological results showed group 1 had a mild le vel of hepatocyte cell damage compared to groups 2 and 3 which had moderate to severe damage.
Gel edasi: Ethosomal gel using cow’s blood as a supportive of healing diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: Lestari D P , Sari N I , Putri H E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic carbohydrate metabolic disorder. Diabetic foot injury is one of the chronic complications of people with diabetes mellitus because it can cause disability and even cause death. Cow blood waste is a waste that can disturb the environment. Components of the chemical elements contained in cow blood include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic carbon, erythrocytes and leukocytes which function in the body’s defense by fighting infections so that cow blood waste is one alternative solution in the treatment of diabetic feet at a price affordable. Ethosome gel is a gel preparation that has the advantage of penetrating into the skin layer faster and significantly increasing the value of transdermal preparation flux. Based on the results of the study, the desired platelets from cow blood were obtained after sampling from the Makassar city slaughterhouse. The platelets obtained were then weighed as much as 0.5 g, 1 g, and 1.5 g to make a gel formula with a carbopol base of 1%. The gel that has been made is then evaluated like a homogeneous and clear gel physical examination. The pH obtained in formulas 1, 2 and 3 is 6.43; 7.00; and 6.80. The formula 1 has a viscosity of 47,342.6 cps and the formula 2 has a viscosity of 45,678.5 cps while formula 3 has viscosity 35,456.7 cps. In the stability test the results obtained were that the preparation did not experience changes in color and odor.
Mixed Multiplex Allele-Specific PCR (MiMAS-PCR) test for rapid detection of MDR and XDR-TB from the sputum of pulmonary TB patients
Authors: Massi M N , Subair  , Hidayah N , Wulandari A A , Abidin R S , Handayani I , Rafiah S , Halik H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Until now, Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) and Extended Drug-Resistant TB (XDR-TB) are still challenging to detect rapidly, since the gold standard culture method takes at least eight weeks to achieve diagnostic results. In this research, we designed a rapid and accurate detection method to detect MDR and XDR-TB using a technique which identifies specific genes encoding susceptibility to first and second-line anti-TB drugs combined in a PCR technique called Mixed Multiplex Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MiMAS-PCR) directly from sputum specimens. From total 117 sputum samples, The MiMAS-PCR test demonstrated 98.4% and 100% specificity in MDR-TB and XDR-TB detection, respectively, but the sensitivity is only suitable for rapid detection of XDR-TB (100%), not for MDR-TB (43.9%). The MiMAS-PCR technique is suitable for the rapid detection of XDR-TB (in this study, only one sample), but not for MDR-TB from the sputum specimens. Other methods are required to identify MDR-TB rapidly for early treatment and to prevent spread to their surrounding contacts.
Optimization of extraction and quality assessment based on physicochemical properties of Carrageenan from red algae (Kappaphycus alvarezii) origin of South Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Syaharuddin  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
One of the compounds that can be developed as raw material for drugs or excipients is carrageenan which can be obtained from the red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii. This species of red algae was chosen as the object of research because in addition to its high carrageenan content, this species is easily found in the waters of South Sulawesi Indonesia. This research was started with collecting, washing and processing the red algae, then carrageenan extraction was carried out using the modified extraction method. The extracted products were separated, purified and dried to obtain carrageenan raw materials. Then, the products were analyzed physically and chemically, and also using spectrophotometry and chromatography to ensure that carrageenan obtained meets the quality standards as excipient raw materials in pharmaceutical preparations. The results obtained were that Kappaphycus alvarezii red algae raw material fulfil the quality of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and carrageenan produced meet the quality standards of carrageenan according to Food Agriculture Organization (FAO), Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) and European Economic Community (EEC).
Prenylated flavon and antibacterial activities of Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb bark
Authors: Hamsidar  , Soekamto N H , Syah Y M , Firdaus  , Elvira  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Prenylated flavone compounds, 14-hydroxyartonin E have been isolated from CHCl3 extract of Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb bark. The molecular structure compound was determined based on the UV-Vis, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR HSQC, HMBC spectra and compared to the previous data reported.14-hydroxyartonin E compound provides antibacterial activity with a moderate category against Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus but the category is weak against Escherichiacoli and Salmonella thyposa
α –Glucosidase inhibitory activity of breadfruit leaf extract (Artocarpus altilis (parkinson) fosberg)
Authors: Rante H , Alam G , Irwan M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Breadfruit plant has been empirically used by the society as antidiabetic. The aim of this study is to understand the α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity of bread fruit leaves (Artocarpus altilis) and their phytochemical profile. The varieties of leaf used were the yellow and green breadfruit leaves. Each was extracted with multiple maceration using n-hexane and 70% ethanol as solvents. From the phytochemistry identification, it was found that the ethanol extract of green breadfruit leaf contains alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpene/steroid, polyphenol, while the yellow breadfruit leaf contains flavonoid and triterpene/steroid. The result of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity test shows that ethanol extracts of both yellow and green breadfruit leaf (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Forberg) have the greatest enzyme inhibitory activity with IC50 of 9.07 and 11.01 ppm, respectively, compared to the n-hexane extracts of both yellow and green breadfruit leaf with IC50 of 16.16 and 23.24 ppm, respectively. Meanwhile, the positive control, acarbose has the strongest inhibitory activity with IC50 of 6.79 ppm.
Paliasa (Kleinhovia hospita L.) Hepatoprotector “Tea Bag” preparation as supporting therapy in the use of fixed-dose combination of antituberculosis drugs
Authors: Tayeb R , Alam G , Pakki E , Djabir Y Y 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The use of fixed-dose combination of antituberculosis drugs (FDC-TB) is used as firstline treatment in tuberculosis. These drugs also have side effects that can damage the liver and kidneys. This study aimed to determine the effect of the paliasa “Tea Bag” hepatoprotector preparation on ALT and AST levels in rats as a supporting therapy for the use of FDC-TB. 20 rats and were divided into 5 groups, Group I was given 1% NaCMC, group II was given FDC-TB suspension, group III was given paliasa tea, group IV was given paliasa tea, and group V was given curcuma suspension, 4 hours later in group III and IV was given FDC-TB suspension, after that 4 hours later again group IV was given paliasa tea. Treatment was given 28 days orally. After the last 24 hours of treatment, blood sampling and measurement using a humanolyzer were carried out. The results showed that the administration of Paliasa Tea Bag can be used as supporting therapy with the use of 2 times a day. It was concluded that the administration of paliasa “tea bag” showed hepatoprotective activity in reducing ALT and AST levels following administration of fixed-dose combination antituberculosis drugs for 28 days.
Toxicity test of stem bark extract of banyuru (Pterospermum celebicum miq.) using BSLT (brine shrimp lethality test) and cream irritation test
Authors: Marzuki A , Rahman L , Mamada S S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A study to observe toxic effect of ethanol extract of Pterospermum celebicum Miq. by using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) has been carried out. The method to do this study was irritation test of cream formula of the extract. The aim of this study was to collect data about toxicity of fractionated extract of P. celebicum Miq. on Artemia salina by using BSLT method according to LC50 value obtained from probit analysis. The extract was extracted by maceration method using ethanol as solvent which was then formulated as cream containing 3% of P. celebicum Miq. extract. The toxicity test revealed that the value of LC50 was 15.15 µg/mL, while irritation test stated that no erythema and edema observed.
Energetics of internal tides over the Sangihe-Talaud ridge - Sulawesi sea
Authors: Hermansyah H , Atmadipoera A S , Prartono T , Jaya I , Syamsudin F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An estimate of energetic barotropic and baroclinic tides over Sangihe-Talaud ridge (STR) - Sulawesi Sea is carried out by using a three-dimensional ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) ocean model. The model is validated with satellite data. The estimate of tidal energy consists of generation, radiation, and dissipation. The model identified the generating internal tide area with strong barotropic-to-baroclinic conversion (above 10 kW/m) over S-T ridge. Away from this generating internal tides area that is in deep Sulawesi Sea basin, energy conversion is very weak (below 10−3Wm−2). Baroclinic energy is mostly dissipated in area near the coast. From the total of 9.45 GW (100%) of barotropic-to-baroclinic energy conversion, about 7.19 GW (76%) is converted into baroclinic energy through the generation of internal tide and about 4.13 GW (57%) of this baroclinic energy radiate to deep open sea. Distribution of tidal energy is highly dependent on topographic features. Estimate of strong vertical eddy diffusivity (KV) over the steep S-T ridge varies between 10−3 and 10−2 m2/s, in contrast to the weak KV in deep flat Sulawesi basin of about 10−4 m2/s.