bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF THE LABOUR TAX BURDEN ON THE LIVING STANDARD OF THE INHABITANTS OF LATVIA
Authors: Jersova Anastasija , Kotāne Inta 
Published: December 2020

The standard of living of the inhabitants of Latvia, especially in the context of material well-being or disposable income, is a guarantee that the inhabitants will be able to meet their basic needs, which are important for ensuring an adequate standard of living. Inhabitants ensure their material well-being mainly by working and receiving a net salary, which is paid after the calculation and deduction of labour taxes. However, the state is essentially the same inhabitant, which has its own basic needs, the financing of which requires income, which is mainly obtained after the collection of certain taxes, which accordingly reduces material well-being or disposable income of the inhabitants which is an essential component of the standard of living.The goal of the research: to investigate the impact of the labour taxes on the standard of living of the inhabitants of Latvia. The research uses general scientific research methods: the method of monographic or descriptive research, the comparative analysis method, an expert survey, data grouping, and the graphical method. Authors of the paper believe that employees employed in Latvia should be encouraged to use the possibilities of gross salary relief, thus promoting the growth of their net salary. In order to raise the living standards of the inhabitants in the short and long term, the government of Latvia and local governments must emphasize their attention to the growth of the national economy. The government of Latvia and local governments must implement measures aimed at raising the long-term living standards of the population and gaining material benefits in the future.
STAFF MOTIVATION PROBLEMS IN SMALL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Arbidane Iluta , Arbidāns Dairis , Višķers Ēvalds , Graudiņa Iveta 
Published: December 2020

One of the challenges a company manager constantly faces is employee motivation. According to the authors' empirical experience, in small enterprises, an entrepreneur often has limited opportunities to hire a large number of employees, so the existing ones have to perform not only direct job responsibilities within their position or profession, but also other additional duties. The aim of the research is to study the problems and opportunities of employees motivation in small enterprises. Two surveys were conducted to achieve the aim. The survey of entrepreneurs examines the motivation of employees from the point of view of entrepreneurs, while the second survey examines the opinion of employees on motivation in small enterprises. As a result, the motivators are ranked from both points of view and compared.
«WHITHER, THEN, ARE YOU SPEEDING, O RUSSIA OF MINE?» :
WHAT DO SCIENTISTS THINK ABOUT
THE NEW SYSTEM OF THEIR LABOR EVALUATION IN RUSSIA
Authors: Karelin Dmitrii Vasil'evich , Glagolev Mikhail V. , Sabrekov Aleksandr F. 
Published: December 2020

This discussion paper is timed to the implementation of a new ranking system for assessing the scientific activities of RAS institutes in Russian Federation. Just as the scientific community was divided into supporters and opponents of this system, in the same way, enemies and followers of this system appeared in the editorial board of our journal. The positions of the first were voiced by D.V. Karelin, second - M.V. Glagolev. A.F. Sabrekov made an attempt to compare the declared arguments and formulate the outcome of the discussion.
The article discusses the issues of the funding sufficiency for Russian science, the contribution of Russian scientists to the total number of publications around the world, the salaries of scientists and funding for research through grants, the work of various systems for evaluating the work of scientists adopted both in universities and academic institutions, the impact of this systems for the development of Russian scientific journals, the functioning of the modern scientific process, etc. Various administrative solutions of the accumulated problems are proposed by both sides in the discussion. Particular examples illustrate how the effectiveness of scientists actually varies and how the activity of female scientists differs from male scientists in Russia.
It is concluded that the entire architecture of the system, including the managing of scientific journals, and the distribution policy of salaries and grants, and the work effectiveness assessment both for institutions and individual scientists, should be self-consistent. Multidirectional changes in the elements of the system separate from each other lead to disappointment of scientists in the government policy and Russian science at all, and, as a result, the emigration of talented young scientists.
Shakespeare and the Construction of Intellectual Disability: The Case of Touchstone
Authors: Equestri Alice 
Published: December 2020

In this article I analyse how Shakespeare uses early modern paradigms of intellectual disability to construct the identity of Touchstone, the fool of As You Like It. Although Touchstone is no real fool but simply performs like one, his actions and mocking reflections on the characters he faces expose how Shakespeare was very well acquainted with socio-legal and even medical definitions of natural folly in his time. A reading of the character as a natural fool according to specific paradigms of the period further reveals how Touchstone enacts an expanded 'complex embodiment' of disability.
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Disability, and the Injustice of Misrecognition
Authors: Knight Amber 
Published: December 2020

This article makes the case that the normative aspirations of recognition politics are worth pursuing as a dimension of disability politics— although the tactics need to be revised— through an interpretation of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. Specifically, I read Frankenstein's Creature as a visibly disabled subject, as someone who is misrecognized and mistreated due to his body's physical features, in order to analyze the tragedy of the novel: how the not-so-monstrous Creature can never see himself as anything other than a monster since he is never afforded the positive recognition he desires. The article concludes by considering how the tragedy could have been avoided in an attempt to envision a better path toward social justice for people with disabilities and other victims of identity-based subordination. More broadly, this article attempts to bring Mary Shelley into the political theory canon, casting her as a progressive social critic who believed that misrecognition creates monsters out of those who are negatively labelled as such.
United Kingdom Effort to Combat COVID-19: Learn-to-reflect Policy
Authors: Silakarma Gusti Ayu Meisa Kurnia Dewi 
Published: December 2020

Hingga saat ini, belum ada basis indikator dan ukuran internasional yang diterapkan sebelum COVID-19—baik indikator kesehatan, ekonomi, maupun sosial-politik— yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi bagaimana performa tiap negara dalam merespon COVID-19. Negara dengan ekonomi yang besar belum tentu dapat merespon pandemi dengan mumpuni. Dinamika yang tidak jauh berbeda juga dialami oleh Inggris. Inggris masih menempati posisi ketiga tertinggi di wilayah Eropa dengan kasus kumulatif COVID-19 per Agustus 2020. Pun ini diperumit dengan tingkat kematian (case fatality rate/CFR) COVID-19 di Inggris sebagai persentase tertinggi di Eropa. Ini menjadikan proses implementasi kebijakan Inggris terkait COVID-19 menarik untuk dikaji. Analisis kebijakan ini didasari pada lensa syndemic yang menekankan pentingnya implikasi non-kesehatan untuk diinkorporasi dalam pembuatan kebijakan serta whole-of-society menggarisbawahi koordinasi aktor-aktor negara dan non-negara penting untuk proses implementasi. Temuan tulisan ini ialah kebijakan pemerintah Inggris berbentuk learn-to-reflect; mencoba inklusif dan holistik serta berhasil menekan pertumbuhan kasus baru, namun observasi mendatang antara koordinasi aktor dalam multisektor isu terhadap efektivitas kebijakan jangka panjang masih diperlukan. Kata-Kata Kunci: Inggris; COVID-19; Syndemic-Pandemic; Whole-Of-Society; Kolaborasi Pemerintahan; Ketimpangan To date, no fixed international indicators set prior to the start of COVID-19—either health, economics, or socio-politics indicators—can be used to predict how states’ policies fared in responding to COVID-19. A state with an enormous economic power does not necessarily equip to respond the pandemic adequately. The United Kingdom (UK) has encountered similar dynamic. The UK remains as the third country with the most cumulative cases of COVID-19 in the Europe as per August 2020. This complicated by the UK’s COVID-19 CFR that remains as the highest in the Europe. This brought to light a puzzle in how the UK implement its COVID-19 policy. The analysis in this study utilized a syndemic lens in which emphasises the importance of non-health issues to be incorporated into the policy, as well as based the policy implementation process on the whole-of-society approach where state and non-state actors’ coordination remains significant. The findings on UK policy response mimicked a model of learn-to-reflect; attempted to be inclusive and holistic, as well as successfully reduced new daily COVID-19 cases, yet, the upcoming observation on the coordination between actors on multisectoral issues and how this affects the effectiveness of long-term policy remains as an utmost necessity. Keywords: United Kingdom; COVID-19; Syndemic-Pandemic; Whole-Of-Society; Governance Collaboration; Inequality
Spain and Pandemic COVID-19: State of alarm to Climate Lacking in Various Aspects
Authors: Perbawani Firsty Chintya Laksmi 
Published: December 2020

Tulisan ini membahas bagaimana Spanyol merespon fenomena pandemi COVID-19. Fokus dimulai pada awal kemunculan virus yang mendorong pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan dengan empat lokus utama: (1) general confinement atau upaya pelarangan masyarakat keluar rumah; (2) penghentian beberapa kegiatan ekonomi; (3) penyediaan sumber daya kesehatan; dan (4) penyusunan kebijakan mitigasi lanjutan. Penulis melihat pola respon yang terjadi cenderung reaktif daripada antisipatif. Walaupun berbagai langkah strategis sudah dilakukan, hingga akhir Juni 2020, Spanyol gagal membendung kurva sehingga menjadi salah satu negara Eropa terburuk dengan total lebih dari 240.000 kasus. Penulis berargumen faktor kontributornya adalah adanya lacking climate atau iklim serba “kekurangan” di berbagai aspek, sehingga menyebabkan Spanyol menjadi episentrum virus. Kekurangan dapat dilihat secara empiris pada aspek manajemen politis yang asimetris antara pemerintah pusat dengan pemerintah lokal di tujuh belas komunitas otonom; aspek teknologi pengumpulan data yang paradoks; aspek pelayanan kesehatan yang bermasalah; hingga aspek organisasional di tataran Uni Eropa yang mengaburkan fokus Spanyol untuk seharusnya membenahi keadaan nasionalnya terlebih dahulu. Tulisan ini membuktikan bahwa koordinasi menjadi hal yang sangat krusial bagi Spanyol dalam menghadapi krisis kesehatan global, COVID-19.Kata kunci: Spanyol, pandemi, COVID-19, state of alarm, normalitas baru This paper discusses how Spain has responded to the COVID-19 outbreaks. The focus of discussion began when virus emergences which prompted the government to issue policies with four main focus: (1) general confinement or efforts to prohibit people from leaving the house; (2) cessation of some economic activities; (3) provision of health resources; and (4) preparation of advanced mitigation policies. The author sees that the response pattern tends to be reactive rather than anticipatory. Although various strategic steps have been taken, Spain failed to stem the curve until the end of June 2020. Therefore, it became one of the worst European countries, with more than 240.000 cases. The author argues that the contributing factor is “lacking climate” in various aspects, causing Spain to become the epicenter of the virus. The shortcomings can be seen empirically in the asymmetric characteristics of political management, between the central government and local government in seventeen autonomous communities; paradoxical aspects of data collection technology; problematic aspects of health services; to the organizational part at the level of the European Union which obscures the focus of Spain on what should first fix its national situation. This paper proves that coordination is very crucial for Spain in facing the global health crisis, COVID-19.Keywords: Spain, pandemic, COVID-19, state of alarm, a new normality
ANALISIS DISINFEKTAN FENOL SECARA SIKLIK VOLTAMMETRI
Authors: Setiarso Pirim Setiarso , Kusumawati Nita , Yuanita Lenny , Tukiran Tukiran , Samik Samik 
Published: December 2020

ANALISIS DISINFEKTAN FENOL SECARA SIKLIK VOLTAMMETRI Pirim Setiarso*, Nita Kusumawati, Lenny Yuanita, Tukiran, Samik Jurusan Kimia FMIPA, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan AlamUniversitas Negeri Surabaya, Jl. Ketintang, Surabaya, 60231e-mail : pirimsetiarso@unesa.ac.id ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian Analisis Disinfektan Fenol Secara Siklik Voltametri. Fenol merupakan derivat dari benzena yang salah satu atom H diganti dengan gugus OH. Fenol bersifat racun oleh karena itu, fenol digunakan sebagai disinfektan. Beberapa disifektan yang dijual dipasaran mengandung fenol dan harus memenuhi standar kesehatan.Analisis fenol dilakukan dengan siklik voltammetri menggunakan elektroda graphen oksida yang dibuat dari karbon pensil 2B. Elektrada dibuat dengan campuran graphen oksida parafin dengan perbandingan 8:2. Pengukuran fenol pada disinfektan pasaran menggunakan parameter larutan KCl 5000 ppm sebagai elektrolit pedukung, larutan buffer fosfat pH 6,5. Waktu deposisi 5 detik, dan laju pindai 0,3 mV/s.Disinfektan fenol pasaran diukur berdasarkan kurva fenol standar dengan persamaan linier Y = -0.005507-5.00823 10-5 X dengan koefisien regresi linear R = 0.989229. Berdasarkan perhitungan kurva standar didapatkan kadar fenol disinfektan pasaran merek A= 26,48 ppm; B= 38,24 ppm .
Soil Acidity Soil Acidity Mapping of Tidal Swamp Lands planted with rice in Ampukung Village, Kelua District, Tabalong Regency
Authors: Khamidah Noor , Saputra Riza Adrianoor 
Published: December 2020

Tidal swamp land is one type of wetland in South Kalimantan, where the water level is influenced by the season/rainfall. Based on the puddle level and duration, tidal swamp land has three typologies, namely shallow tidal swamp, middle tidal swamp, and deep tidal swamp. The wetlands in Ampukung village are classified in tidal swamps. Most of the tidal swamps have been utilized for agricultural activities, especially rice. Till now, rice farming in the tidal swamps of Ampukung village has not experienced any significant problems. In 2016, the rice harvest in Ampukung village exceeded the target of South Kalimantan. This success is considered to be increased by planting twice a year. However, some issues need to be addressed regarding the characteristics of the land in Ampukung village. Soil fertility, especially soil acidity, is one of the limiting factors in the utilization of tidal swamp land. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the acidity of the soil in the tidal swamp of Ampukung village. The acidity data is basic information to determine the condition of soil fertility to achieve the target of planting rice twice a year. This information will be presented in the form of a map to assist users in interpreting the research data. This study found that the soil pH in the tidal swamp lands of Ampukung Village, which was planted with rice, was highly acidic and homogeneously distributed.
DETERMINAN PERUBAHAN LABA: DITINJAU DARI RASIO-RASIO KEUANGAN ( STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX )
Authors: CAHYA BAYU TRI 
Published: December 2020

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh <em>Current Ratio</em> (CR), <em>Debt to Equity Ratio</em> (DER), <em>Total Assets Turnover</em> (TATO), dan <em>Return on Assets</em> (ROA) terhadap Perubahan laba pada perusahaan yang tergabung dalam Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) tahun 2015-2018 yang memiliki laba positif dan secara berkala mempublikasikan laporan keuangan dengan satuan rupiah. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) <em>current ratio</em> tidak berpengaruh terhadap perubahan laba, (2) <em>debt equity ratio</em> berpengaruh terhadap laba (3) <em>total assets turnover</em> tidak berpengaruh terhadap laba (4) <em>return on assets</em> tidak berpengaruh terhadap laba</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong><em>Current Ratio, Debt Equity Ratio, Total Assets Turnover</em>, <em>Return On Assets</em>, <em>Perubahan Laba</em> </p>
Nutritional Quality And Fiber Fraction Of Complete Feed Silage Based On Sago By-Products, Imperata Cylindrica And Leucaena Leucocephala
Authors: Sangadji Insun Sangadji 
Published: December 2020

This experiment aimed to know nutrition quality and fiber fraction of complete feed silage based on sago by-products, Imperata cylindrica, and Leuchaena leucocephala in different compositions which fermented for three weeks. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Feed Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pattimura which lasted for three months. The main ingredients used to make silage complete ration in this study consisted of sago pulp, reeds, lamtoro, concentrate and plus coconut water. Complete ration silage fermented using coconut water plus which is a mixture of urea 95% and coconut water 5%. This research conducted by using randomized complete design with five factors of silage compound that are P0 = 60% forages + 40% concentrate (for control) ; P1 = 10% sago by-products + 40% Imperata cylindrical + 10% Leucaena Leucocephala + 40% concentrate ; P2 = 20% sago by-products + 30% Imperata cylindrica + 20 % Leucaena Leucocephala + 30% concentrate ; P3 = 30 % sago by-products + 20% Imperata cylindrica + 30 % Leucaena Leucocephala + 20% consentrate ; dan P4 = 40% sago by-products + 10% Imperata cylindrica + 40% Leucaena Leucocephala + 10% concentrate. Each treatment used four replicates. The variable observed were the percentage of water content, ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, and lignin. The results showed that sago by-products, Imperata cylindrica and Leuchaena leucocephala can be used for basic materials of complete feed silage in ruminants feed because they have no difference quality of nutrition and fiber fraction compared with control P0.
Genetic Diversity of Cucumber Mosaic Virus from Catharanthus roseus, Jasminum sambac, Patchouly, Cubeb and Java-tea
Authors: Miftakhurohmah NFN , Noveriza Rita , Mariana Maya 
Published: December 2020

<p><em>Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) symptoms are found in </em>Catharanthus roseus, patchouly (Pogostemon cablin), cubeb (Piper chaba), Jasminum sambac and Java-tea (Orthosiphon aristatus); however, their genetic characterization has not been studied.<em> The study aimed to molecularly characterize the CMV isolates from </em>Catharanthus roseus, patchouly, cubeb, Jasminum sambac and Java-tea.<em> </em><em>Disease plant samples showing mosaic and yellow mosaic symptom</em>s<em> were collected from Petak Pamer Garden, ISMCRI, Bogor. Molecular characterization was carried out by reverse transcription</em>-<em>polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay using a specific primer of CMV coat protein gene and DNA sequenced. Sequence analysis was performed using the BLAST, Bioedit, Genedoc, Mega 5 programs. The RT-PCR technique succeeded in amplifying a DNA band measuring 650 bp, according to the prediction of the primary design. BLAST analyses revealed that all of these CMV isolates belonged to subgroup IB. Nucleotide sequence homology of CMV from </em>C. roseus,<em> </em>patchouly, P. chaba, <em>and</em> J. sambac, <em>were more than 95.00%. Based on </em>the <em>phylogenetic tree, these four isolates were closely related to CMV isolate from Japan (AB070622). Homology of </em>the <em>nucleotide sequence of CMV from </em>Java-tea<em> </em><em>with </em>the <em>other four isolates w</em>as<em> below 95.00%. This isolate clustered with CMV isolate from Indonesia </em>(<em>AB042294</em>) <em>and</em> <em>was</em> <em>separated with another four isolates according to </em>the <em>phylogeny tree. In the amino acid sequence alignment, </em>Java-tea <em>isolates had five different amino acids compared to the other four isolates. This result indicates the poss</em>i<em>bility of CMV transmission between patchouly</em>, Java-tea, C. roseus <em>and</em><em> </em>J. sambac, <em>so it must be anticipated to prevent its spread. </em></p>
VULNERABILIDADE DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES E OS CÓDIGOS DE ÉTICA DA SAÚDE NO BRASIL: UM ESTUDO DE ANÁLISE DOCUMENTAL
Authors: Peclat Gustavo , Pinto Amanda Luysa Roriz , Jaime Giovanna Severino da Silva , Barbosa Guimarães Mariana , Romanowski Francielle Nunes de Azevedo , Prado Mauro Machado do , Martorell Leandro Brambilla 
Published: December 2020

Os códigos de ética buscam orientar por meio de princípios e traduzem, em um sistema de valores, a moral e a missão de uma determinada profissão, e têm como seu ponto central a proteção e o zelo pela saúde e pela dignidade do paciente, individual e coletivamente considerado. Seu conteúdo deve ser pensado de forma a expressar valores essenciais assumidos por uma dada categoria para atuação digna a serviço da sociedade. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o conteúdo dos códigos de ética das profissões da área da saúde em relação à vulnerabilidade de crianças e adolescentes. Por meio da técnica de análise documental, nos códigos profissionais analisados, foram encontradas referências ao tema de forma bastante generalizada, inespecíficas quanto à sistematização de cuidados éticos e tutela a esta categoria de vulneráveis, remetendo à inferência de que os códigos deontológicos devem contemplar e procurar atentamente se atualizar quanto a temas contemporâneos e contundentes, como os direitos de crianças e adolescentes, dando maior suporte às ações dos profissionais que representam e cuja conduta norteiam.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Silva Ricardo Henrique Alves da 
Published: December 2020

MAIS UM ANO QUE SE VAI…

E logicamente um ano que vem...

E apesar de ser apenas a passagem de um dia para outro, o momento se reveste de esperança. Sempre foi assim! E com 2020 então... esse sentimento deve ser muito mais presente. Afinal, 2020 foi um ano desafiador (e não que em 2021 isso acabe por um toque de mágica), mas em se tratando de Odontologia Legal, seguimos firmes!
Aqui na Revista Brasileira de Odontologia Legal – RBOL também seguimos firmes e nesse começo de dezembro, fechamos o ciclo de edições da revista esse ano e, assim, fica o agradecimento a todos que tornaram isso possível: editores, autores, revisores e leitores. A RBOL é uma conquista de todos nós e estamos certos que 2021 será um ano ainda melhor, como novos desafios e novos voos.
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