bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional corruption variability in the European countries
Authors: Linhartova Veronika 
Published: January 2020

Quantification of the corruption rate in smaller sub-national areas is still a significantly unexplored area. Sub-national resolution of corruption rate could bring an entirely new dimension to the theory of causes and consequences of regional disparities. There are numerous reasons why to focus on this issue. Perhaps the strongest one is that if corruption negatively affects the economic performance, as many studies claim, the elimination of corruption in certain regions may be the key for the elimination of regional economic disparities and thus increase the economic performance of the state. Analysis of regional corruption may also lead to the creation of regional anti-corruption provisions that can bring a reduction of corruption rate at the national level. The main goal of this article is formulated in this context. A new corruption quantification method reflecting inter-regional differences in the level of corruption in the European countries is designed. Using this method, it is possible to draw a comparison of individual NUTS II regions and identify those which are more affected by corruption than the others. A high level of corruption variability was confirmed for NUTS II regions, especially in Italy. Because of this variability, it could be very deceptive to evaluate the country as a whole from the corruption level viewpoint.
Keywords: Corruption, world bank, European union, economic performance, regional disparities, control of corruption.
Sodyum Diesatat ve Sodyum Benzoat İlavesinin Yüksek Nemli Mısır Silajlarının Aerobik Stabilite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: KOC Fisun 
Published: January 2020

Amaç: Bu
araştırmada, farklı dozlarda sodyum diasetat ve sodyum benzoat ilavesinin
yüksek nemli mısır silajlarının aerobik stabilite özellikleri üzerine etkileri
araştırılmıştır.

Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmada sodyum
diasetat (SD) ve sodyum benzoat (SB) olarak iki farklı katkı maddesinin (%0.5,
%1 ve %2) olacak şekilde 3 farklı dozunun, 25-26oC ve 36-37oC
koşullarında etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma materyalini yaklaşık 120 gün
süre ile depolanmış KM içerği %61.84 olan fermente dane mısır oluşturmuştur.
Silaj örnekleri her muamele grubunda 3’er tekerrür olmak üzere aerobik
stabilite testine tabi tutulmuştur. Aerobik stabilitenin 0, 4., 7. ve 12. günlerinde silaj örneklerinde
kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik parametrelere ilişkin analizler yürütülmüştür. Aynı
zamanda, Fluke Ti9 IR (160x120) marka termal kamera ile 1 m mesafeden silaj
örneklerinden görüntüleme yapılarak değerlendirme sonuçları kaydedilmiştir.
Daha sonra elde edilen veriler SmartView®software programında
değerlendirilmiştir. Aerobik stabilite döneminde silaj
örneklerindeki sıcaklık değişimleri ve ortam sıcaklığı 30 dakikada bir 12 gün
süreyle (Hobo pentant data logger) kaydedilmiştir.

Bulgular: Araştırmada
katkı maddesi ilavesi silajların pH, NH3-N ve maya içeriklerini
düşürmüş, SÇK ve LA içeriklerini ise yükseltmiş, küf gelişimini ise önlemiştir.
Ancak, araştırmada kullanılan katkı maddelerinin doz miktarı ve aerobik
stabilteye ilişkin parametreler üzerindeki etkileri paralellik göstermemiştir.

Sonuç:
Araştırma sonucunda, yüksek nemli fermente mısır silajlarına açım
sonrası farklı dozlarda SD ve SBA ilave edilmesinin aerobik stabiliteyi
iyileştirdiği, ancak katkı maddesi dozunun özellikle yüksek sıcaklıklarda
tekrar gözden geçirilmesini gerekli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Üzüm Üreticilerinin Biyolojik Mücadele Konusundaki Bilgi Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi: Honaz İlçesi Örneği
Authors: Aslan Yunus , NOTHVOGEL Mustafa , ÖRMECİ KART Murside Cagla , DEMİRBAŞ Nevin 
Published: January 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Denizli İli Honaz İlçesi’nde üzüm
üreticileriyle yüz yüze yapılan anketlerden elde edilen verilerle üreticilerin
hastalık veya zararlı etmenlerine karşı uyguladıkları bitki koruma yöntemleri
ve özellikle biyolojik mücadele konusundaki bilgi düzeyleri araştırılmıştır.

Materyal ve Metot: Araştırmanın
birincil verilerini Honaz ilçesindeki üreticilerle yüz yüze görüşülerek yapılan
anketlerden elde edilen veriler oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analizi için işletme büyüklükleri itibariyle istatistiksel
karşılaştırma yöntemlerinden de yararlanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırma sonuçlarına göre bölgede üzüm üretiminde
tarımsal mücadelenin bilinçsizce yapıldığı, biyolojik mücadelenin
yapılmadığı ve üreticilerin biyolojik
mücadele hakkında çok az bilgi sahibi oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Üreticiler
tarım ilaçlarının zararlarını kısmen bilmelerine rağmen, tek gelir kaynakları
olan üzümü riske atmamak için hızlı ve kesin çözüm aldıkları kimyasal
mücadeleye başvurmakta ve gereğinden fazla kimyasal kullanmaktadır.

Sonuç: Üreticiler bitki korumada çevre dostu
kültürel uygulamaların ve preperatların seçimi konusunda eğitilmeli ve bu amaca
yönelik yayım programları en kısa sürede hazırlanmalı ve uygulanmalıdır.
GENETIC VARIABILITIES OF AGRONOMIC TRAITS AND BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT RESISTANCE OF HIGH YIELDING RICE VARIETIES
Authors: Nafisah Nafisah , Roza Celvia , Yunani Nani , Hairmansis Aris , Rostiati Tita , Jamil Ali 
Published: January 2020

<p class="abstrakinggris">Hundred of high yielding and bacterial leaf blight (<em>Xanthomonas oryzae</em> pv. <em>oryzae, Xoo</em>) resistant rice varieties released since the 1960s are important sources of genetic materials for exploring superior genotypes. The study aimed to evaluate the genetic resistance of 177 rice varieties to <em>Xoo</em> and their agronomic traits. The evaluations were conducted at the Indonesian Center for Rice Research Experimental Station during the wet season (December 2015-March 2016). The bacterial leaf blight resistance was evaluated for <em>Xoo</em> pathotypes III, IV, and VIII using the clipping method. The genetic variation among genotypes was categorized as low (0–10%), medium (10–20%), and high (&gt;20%), whereas the heritability was categorized as low (0-30%), medium (30-60%), and high (&gt;60%). The variability of resistance to <em>Xoo</em> pathotypes, grain yield, and spikelet fertility was low, while the variability of plant height, productive tiller number, filled grain, and total spikelet was medium, and the variability of unfilled grain number was high. The 29 varieties were categorized as superior based on their agronomic traits or resistance to <em>Xoo</em> pathotypes. In conclusion, Batutegi and Fatmawati were superior in the total spikelet number, while Rojolele and Inpari 2 were supreme in the thousand-grain weight. Dodokan had a very short maturity, and Inpari 24, Conde, Kalimas, Angke, Inpari 17, and Inpara 8 had the highest resistance to <em>Xoo</em> pathotypes. The study implies that the identified rice superior genotypes could be used as genetic materials to design cross combinations for higher yield potential and BLB resistance varietal improvement.</p>
A non-parametric effect size measure capturing changes in central tendency and shape of data distributions more flexibly than Cohen’s d
Authors: Lötsch Jörn , Ultsch Alfred 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Calculating the magnitude of treatment effects or of differences between two groups is a common task in quantitative science. Standard effect size measures based on differences, such as the commonly used Cohen's, fail to capture the treatment-related effects on the data if the effects were not reflected by the central tendency. "Impact” is a novel nonparametric measure of effect size obtained as the sum of two separate components and includes (i) the change in the central tendency of the group-specific data, normalized to the overall variability, and (ii) the difference in the probability density of the group-specific data. Results obtained on artificial data and empirical biomedical data showed that impact outperforms Cohen's d by this additional component. It is shown that in a multivariate setting, while standard statistical analyses and Cohen’s d are not able to identify effects that lead to changes in the form of data distribution, “Impact” correctly captures them. The proposed effect size measure shares the ability to observe such an effect with machine learning algorithms. It is numerically stable even for degenerate distributions consisting of singular values. Therefore, the proposed effect size measure is particularly well suited for data science and artificial intelligence-based knowledge discovery from (big) and heterogeneous data.
tRNA queuosine modification enzyme modulates the growth and microbiome recruitment to breast tumors
Authors: Zhang Jilei , Lu Rong , Zhang Yong-Guo , Matuszek Żaneta , Xia Yinglin , Pan Tao , Sun Jun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background: Transfer RNA (tRNA) queuosine (Q)-modifications occur specifically in 4 cellular tRNAs at the wobble anticodon position. tRNA Q-modification in human cells depends on the gut microbiome because the microbiome product queuine is required for its installation by the enzyme queuine tRNA ribosyltransferase catalytic subunit 1 (QTRT1) encoded in the human genome. Although tRNA Q-modification has been studied a long time regarding its properties in decoding and tRNA fragment generation, how QTRT1 affects tumorigenesis is still poorly understood. Results: We generated single clones of QTRT1-knockout breast cancer MCF7 cells using Double Nickase Plasmid. The impacts of QTRT1-delection on cell proliferation and migration in vitro were evaluated using cell culture, while the regulations on tumor growth in vivo were evaluated using xenograft BALB/c nude mouse model. We found that QTRT1 completely deleted from human breast cancer MCF7 cells could change the functions of regulation genes which are critical in cell proliferation, tight junction formation, and migration in human breast cancer cells in vitro and a breast tumor mouse model in vivo . We also found that microbiome maybe involved in the breast cancer development in vivo. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the QTRT1 gene and microbiome play a critical role in breast cancer development.
Novel role of hesperidin improve obesity in HFD mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Liu Ting , Lei Chao , Song Weiqi , Fang Rong , Chen Hui , Li Chen , Li Xiaomei , Liang Xue , Huang Qinghong , Ti Huihui , Sun Ning , Ma Yanlei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Hesperidin is a plant-derived dihydroflavone derivatives with multiple pharmacological function. Obesity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis. We examined the possibility that hesperidin may prevent diet-induced obesity by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were treated with hesperidin. Its effects on the gut microbiota were assessed by horizontal faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and 16S rDNA-based microbiota analysis.ResultsGut microbiota analysis revealed that hesperidin selectively promoted the growth of beneficial Lactobacillus salivarius and harmful Staphylococcus sciuri, Desulfovibrio C21_c20 and inhibiting beneficial Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Mucispirillum schaedleri and harmful Helicobacter ganmani , Helicobacter hepaticus . in HFD-fed mice. However, hesperidin reverses obesity, inflammation and improves gut integrity in HFD-fed mice. The anti-obesity effects and hesperidin-modulated Lactobacillus salivarius, Desulfovibrio C21_c20, Mucispirillum schaedleri and Helicobacter hepaticus were transmissible via horizontal faces transfer from hesperidin-treated mice to HFD-fed mice.Conclusions Hesperidin has a role to reduce body weight and reverse HFD-related disorders in HFD-fed mice by enriching some beneficial and inhibiting harmful microbes.
Comparison of 99mTc-MIBI, ultrasound, and mammography for the diagnosis of BI-RADS 4 category lesions
Authors: liu hongbiao , Zhan Hongwei , Sun Da 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction: We sought to determine the diagnostic efficacy of BSGI in Chinese women with BI-RADS 4 category lesions and to compare this efficacy to that of ultrasound/mammography. Methods: We retrospectively assessed 177 women who had undergone BSGI of BI-RADS 4 category lesions detected via ultrasound and/or mammography. Results: Of the 177 cases, 117 (66.1%)were malignant lesions and 60(33.9%) were benign. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of BSGI were 94.9%(111/117), 78.3%(47/60), 89.5% (111/124), and 88.7%(47/53), respectively. For mammography, the specificity and positive predictive values were 48.3%(29/60) and 77.5% (107/138), while for ultrasound they were 53.3% (32/60) and 79.6% (109/137). The sensitivity and specificity of BSGI for the detection lesions ≤1 cm were 90.9% (10/11) and 88.0%(22/25), while these values for breast lesions ＞1cm were 94.3%(100/106) and 71.4% (25/35), and these values for dense breast tissue were 94.0%(79/84)and 78.0%(39/50), as opposed to non-dense breast values of 97.0%(32/33) and 80.0%(8/10). The sensitivity of BSGI for IDC and DCIS were 98.9%(95/96)and 75.0%(9/12).The tumor to normal tissue ratio of BSGI for malignant lesions was significantly higher than that of benign lesions (2.18 + 1.17 vs 1.66 + 0.40, t =7.56, P ＜0.05). Conclusions: These results reveal that BSGI is highly sensitive, with good positive/negative predictive values. BSGI for IDC proved to be superior to DCIS for diagnosis of BI-RADS 4 category lesions as compared with ultrasound or mammography. BSGI showed perfect results in density breasts and lesions ≤ 1 cm in size. Keywords : Breast cancer; BSGI; Mammography; 99m Tc-MIBI; Ultrasound
Modified BEAC conditioning regimen with idarubicin followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is safe and effective for invasive B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients
Authors: Li Yueyang , Wang Yafei , Liu Su , Chen Zehui , Zhang Yizhuo , Yu Yong , Yang Hongliang , Zhao Haifeng , Zhao Zhigang , tian chen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
High-dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is still a consolidation treatment choice for relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) patients and some aggressive B-cell NHL as frontline therapy. Due to the shortage of carmustine, we switched to idarubicin-substituted BEAC (IEAC). We compared the outcomes of 72 B-cell NHL patients treated with IEAC or BEAC regimens followed by ASCT. The median time to neutrophil and platelet reconstitution showed no difference between IEAC and BEAC groups. IEAC regimen was well tolerated without increase of adverse events. Transplant-related mortality didn’t occur. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of IEAC group were a little longer than that of BEAC group. 2-year OS and PFS rate were higher in IEAC group compared to BEAC group. Multivariate analysis showed that AnnArbor staging, IPI score, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, remission of disease, modified regimen were related with the prognosis. In conclusion, IEAC regimen was well tolerated and replacement with idarubicin could effectively prolong the survival of patients.
The NRP1 gene regulates proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in T24 and 5637 bladder cancer cells
Authors: Han Conghui , Dong Yang , Hao Lin , Pang Kun , Zhang Xiaoying , Shi Zhenduo , Li Bibo , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhou Rongsheng , Zhang Wenda , Fan Tao , Zhu Guangyuan , Lv Qian , Liu Ying , Li Rui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BC) is a fatal invasive malignancy and the most common malignancy of the urinary system. In the current study, we investigate the function and mechanisms of Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), the co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor, in BC pathogenesis and progression. Methods The expression of NRP1 was assessed in several BC cell lines. Additionally, the biological function of NRP1 in proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion of BC were validated in vitro by silencing NRP1. Moreover, gene expression profiling chip analysis was conducted, and the related signalling pathways were confirmed by Western blot to reveal the potential molecular mechanisms by which NRP1 promotes the malignant progression of BC. Results Overexpression of NRP1 was observed in several human BC cell lines. NRP1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and decreased angiogenesis, migration, and invasion in T24 and 5637 human BC cells. Microarray analysis results indicated that the expression of NRP1 was correlated with the levels of cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4, baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3, Cyclin E 2, CDK2, and AP-1 transcription factor subunit in BC. We also demonstrated that the biological function of NRP1was associated with activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that NRP1, as a potential tumour promoter, contributes to the metastasis and invasion of BC, which is associated with the activation of the MAPK pathway. Targeting NRP1 has the potential to become a new therapeutic strategy to benefit more patients with BC or other cancers.
Functional constipation masked as irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Tosto Monica , D’Andrea Paola , Salamone Ignazio , Pellegrino Salvatore , Costa Stefano , Lucanto Maria Cristina , Pallio Socrate , Magazzu Giuseppe , Guandalini Stefano 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Rome IV criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders state that children suspected of having Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) with Constipation (IBS-C) should be preliminarily treated for constipation. We aimed at verifying if functional constipation may indeed lead to an erroneous diagnosis of IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) or IBS with mixed pattern of diarrhea and constipation (IBS-M).Methods We prospectively enrolled in an unblinded fashion 10 and 16 consecutive children referred to our center who met Rome IV criteria for a diagnosis of IBS-D and IBS-M, respectively. Patients who fulfilled criteria for suspect “occult constipation” were then given a bowel cleaning regimen with PEG 3350, re-evaluated at 2 months and followed up for at least 6 months. Sixteen additional patients with IBS with Constipation (IBS-C) referred in the same period served as control. The endpoints were: 1) a decrease of more than 50% in abdominal pain intensity and frequency scores; and 2) for patients with IBS-D and IBS-M: resolution of diarrhea.Results The endpoints were met by 8 (80%) and 14 (87%) of the patients with IBS-D and IBS-M, respectively, with decrease of abdominal pain and resolution of “diarrhea”. The response was not significantly different from that observed in 15 (93%) of the IBS-C control group.Conclusion acknowledging the limitations of the small number of patients and of the uncontrolled nature of the study, we suggest that a possibly large number of patients labeled as IBS-D or IBS-M may actually simply present functional constipation and should be managed as such.
Diagnostic performance of anthropometric measurements in detecting elevated serum alanine aminotransferase: a school-based screening of 7271 Shenzhen adolescents
Authors: Ding Zan , Ou Yu-Lan , Lai Yue-Rong , Jiang Chao-Nan , Zhang Jing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Screening for elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) can help identifying individuals at the risks of chronic and metabolic diseases, but blood collection is invasive and cannot be widely used for investigations. Considered as simple and inexpensive screening indices, anthropometric measurements can be measured in a large crowd and may be important surrogate markers for ALT levels. Among adolescents, few studies focused on the diagnostic performance of anthropometric parameters such as body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-score as predictive factors for discerning an elevated ALT activity. We sought to fill this knowledge gap among Shenzhen adolescents.Methods A school-based study was performed from 9 high schools in Shenzhen during February 2017 and June 2018. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to examine the diagnostic performance of each measurement.Results Altogether 7271 adolescents aged 9−17 years were involved. The proportion of elevated ALT greatly increased with increasing classification of BMI-z. By the sex-specific cut-offs for elevated ALT (30 U/L boys; 19 U/L girls), BMI showed the highest area under the curve of 0.789 (95% CI 0.765-0.812) and followed by weight (0.779 [0.755-0.802]), BMI-z (0.747 [0.722-0.772]), height (0.622 [0.597-0.647]), and age (0.608 [0.584-0.632]), while height-z was not capable. With the cut-off of 67.8 kg for weight and 22.6 kg/m2 for BMI, the accuracy was 87.1% for weight and 82.9% for BMI.Conclusions The presence of elevated ALT was more common in overweight or obese adolescents. BMI and weight had the superiority of detecting elevated ALT, followed by BMI-z, height, and age.
Transcription Factors and microRNA Genes Regulatory Network Construction Under Drought Stress in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: Baghery Mohammad Amin , Kazemitabar Seyed Kamal , Dehestani Ali , Mehrabanjoubani Pooyan , Naghizadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Masoudi-Nejad Ali 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Drought is one of the most common environmental stresses affecting crops yield and quality. Sesame is an important oilseed crop that most likely faces drought during its growth due to growing in semi-arid and arid areas. Plants responses to drought controlled by regulatory mechanisms. Despite this importance, there is little information about Sesame regulatory mechanisms against drought stress.
Results: 458 drought-related genes were identified using comprehensive RNA-seq data analysis of two susceptible and tolerant sesame genotypes under drought stress. These drought-responsive genes were included secondary metabolites biosynthesis-related Like F3H, sucrose biosynthesis-related like SUS2, transporters like SUC2, and protectives like LEA and HSP families. Interactions between identified genes and regulators including TFs and miRNAs were predicted using bioinformatics tools and related regulatory gene networks were constructed. Key regulators and relations of Sesame under drought stress were detected by network analysis. TFs belonged to DREB (DREB2D), MYB (MYB63), ZFP (TFIIIA), bZIP (bZIP16), bHLH (PIF1), WRKY (WRKY30) and NAC (NAC29) families were found among key regulators. mRNAs like miR399, miR169, miR156, miR5685, miR529, miR395, miR396, and miR172 also found as key drought regulators. Furthermore, a total of 117 TFs and 133 miRNAs that might be involved in drought stress were identified with this approach.
Conclusions: Most of the identified TFs and almost all of the miRNAs are introduced for the first time as potential regulators of drought response in Sesame. These regulators accompany with identified drought-related genes could be valuable candidates for future studies and breeding programs on Sesame under drought stress.
Keywords: Sesamum indicum, Drought stress, Regulatory networks, miRNA, Transcription Factors.