bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Meta-Analysis of Sibling-Mediated Intervention for Brothers and Sisters Who Have Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Bene Konabe , Lapina Angelina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe conducted a meta-analysis which included 16 sibling-mediated intervention studies that aims to utilize siblings to teach their brothers and sisters with autism spectrum disorder play skills, functional skills, or to decrease unwanted behaviors. In general, results across the studies show that sibling-mediated intervention has medium effect size and can be used as a method to improve many skills which include social and communication skills. Sibling-mediated intervention also facilitated maintenance and generalization of the targeted skills. The researchers discuss the findings and make suggestions for future investigations.
Post-glacial phylogeography and variation in innate immunity loci in a sylvatic rodent, bank vole Myodes glareolus
Authors: Kloch Agnieszka , Biedrzycka Aleksandra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the northern hemisphere, the spatial structure of many taxa has been shaped by migration patterns after the last glaciation, and phylogeography based on mtDNA variation may reflect the post-glacial demography. The mtDNA lineages are expected to differ in their adaptations to local conditions but little is known about the impact of these conditions on functional genetic variation. Here, we answer this question through an analysis of geographic variation and selection patterns in seven innate immunity genes in free-living bank volesMyodes glareolusfrom 10 localities across species range assigned to different lineages based on mtDNA. We found clear discrepancies between population structure in mtDNA and each of the studied innate immunity genes. There was no uniform pattern of spatial variation at immunity loci, they differed in the levels of polymorphism, and the results of neutrality tests were not consistent over loci. Each locus comprised a few common haplotypes shared between mitochondrial lineages and studied locations, plus numerous haplotypes unique for each studied site. Our results suggest that the diversity of innate immunity genes cannot be explained solely in terms of demographic processes, and that the observed polymorphism may be attributed to local selection. The strength and direction of selection differed between loci, even within the same gene family, which underlines how crucial it is to take a complex approach while studying the selection patterns acting on immune-related genes.
An Exploration of Discrepancies and Concordances Between Hospital Disaster Directors and General Health Care Providers in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea: Quantitative Analysis of a Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Park Jong-Hak , Cho Hanjin , Kim Joo Yeong , Song Juhyun , Moon Sungwoo , Ahn Eusang , Schlesinger Shira A. , Lewis Roger J. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the perception of disaster issues between disaster directors and general health care providers in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea.Methods:The Gyeonggi provincial committee distributed a survey to acute care facility personnel. Survey topics included awareness of general disaster issues, hospital preparedness, and training priorities. The questionnaire comprised multiple choices and items scored on a 10-point Likert scale. We analyzed the discrepancies and characteristics of the responses.Results:Completed surveys were returned from 43 (67%) of 64 directors and 145 (55.6%) of 261 health care providers. In the field of general awareness, the topic of how to triage in disaster response showed the greatest discrepancies. In the domain of hospital level disaster preparedness, individual opinions varied most within the topics of incident command, manual preparation. The responses to “accept additional patients in disaster situation” showed the biggest differences (> 21 versus 6~10).Conclusions:In this study, there were disaster topics with discrepancies and concordances in perception between disaster directors and general health care providers. The analysis would present baseline information for the development of better training programs for region-specific core competencies, knowledge, and skills required for the effective response.
Bivalve growth and the invisible hand of heterogeneity
Authors: Vermeij Geerat J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA recent study by Saulsbury and colleagues assessed factors influencing growth coefficients in bivalves. Like many macroevolutionary studies that cover a wide range of taxa and environments, this study fails to account for important heterogeneity among taxa and among environments. Rankings of factors depend on the range of values sampled, patterns of allocation of energy to various competing functions, and whether taxa in any given clade are uniform in their growth coefficients. Heterogeneity is universal and must be taken into account in large-scale analyses.
Examining the role of ageing-in-place organisations in building older adults’ disaster resilience
Authors: Pendergrast Claire , Belza Basia , Bostrom Ann , Errett Nicole 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOlder adults are more susceptible to adverse health outcomes during and after a disaster compared with their younger counterparts. Ageing-in-place organisations such as senior centres and Villages provide social services and programming for older adults and may support older adults’ resilience to disasters. This study examines the role of ageing-in-place organisations in building disaster resilience for older adults. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 14 ageing-in-place organisation leaders in King County, Washington in the United States of America. The sample included representatives of five government-run senior centres, seven non-profit senior centres and two Villages. Interviews were audio-recorded and professionally transcribed. We used a combined inductive and deductive approach to code and thematically analyse the data. Ageing-in-place organisation leadership recognise disasters as a threat to older adults’ health and safety, and they see opportunities to provide disaster-related support for older adults, though the type and extent of participation in resilience-building activities reflected each organisation's unique local context. Organisations participate in a variety of disaster-related activities, though respondents emphasised the importance of collaborative and communication-focused efforts. Findings suggest that ageing-in-place organisations may be best equipped to support older adults’ disaster resilience by serving as a trusted source of disaster-related information and providing input on the appropriateness of disaster plans and messages for the unique needs of older adults ageing-in-place.
Mucilaginous Secretions in the Xylem and Leaf Apoplast of the Swamp Palm Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (Arecaceae)
Authors: Silveira Alessandra Flávia , Mercadante-Simões Maria Olívia , Ribeiro Leonardo Monteiro , Nunes Yule Roberta Ferreira , Duarte Lucienir Pains , Lula Ivana Silva , de Aguilar Mariana Guerra , de Sousa Grasiely Faria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMauritia flexuosa palms inhabit wetland environments in the dry, seasonal Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) and produce mucilaginous secretions in the stem and petiole that have a medicinal value. The present study sought to characterize the chemical natures of those secretions and to describe the anatomical structures involved in their synthesis. Chemical analyzes of the secretions, anatomical, histochemical analyses, and electron microscopy studies were performed on the roots, stipes, petioles, and leaf blades. Stipe and petiole secretions are similar, and rich in cell wall polysaccharides and pectic compounds such as rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose, which are hydrophilic largely due to their hydroxyl and carboxylate groups. Mucilaginous secretions accumulate in the lumens of vessel elements and sclerenchyma fibers of the root, stipe, petiole, and foliar veins; their synthesis involves cell wall loosening and the activities of dictyosomes. The outer faces of the cell walls of the parenchyma tissue in the mesophyll expand to form pockets that rupture and release pectocellulose substances into the intercellular spaces. The presence of mucilage in the xylem, extending from the roots to the leaf veins and continuous with the leaf apoplast, and sub-stomatal chambers suggest a strategy for plant water economy.
The Far-Infrared emission of the first (z ∼ 6) massive galaxies
Authors: Rieke George H. , De Rossi Maria Emilia , Shivaei Irene , Bromm Volker , Lyu Jianwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe first massive galaxies (z ∼ 6) have (1) very high energy density due to their small diameters and extreme luminosities in young stars and (2) interstellar dust relatively deficient in carbon compared with silicates. Both of these attributes should raise their interstellar dust temperatures compared with lower redshift galaxies. Not only is this temperature trend observed, but the high-z spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are very broad due to very warm dust. As a result total infrared luminosities – and star formation rates – at the highest redshifts estimated by fitting blackbodies to submm- and mm-wave observations can be low by a factor of ∼2.
Resolved views on early galaxy evolution
Authors: Wuyts Stijn , Förster Schreiber Natascha M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResolved observations of star-forming galaxies at cosmic noon with the Hubble Space Telescope and large ground-based facilities provide a view on the spatial distribution of stars, gas and dust, and probe gaseous motions revealing the central gravitational potential and local feedback processes at play. In this paper, we review recent insights gained from such observations, with an emphasis on results obtained through optical/near-infrared imaging and imaging spectroscopy. Their context and implications are documented more fully in a forthcoming review article by Förster Schreiber & Wuyts (in prep).
Nature and physical properties of gas-mass selected galaxies using integral field spectroscopy
Authors: Boogaard Leindert A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMapping the molecular gas content of the universe is key to our understanding of the build-up of galaxies over cosmic time. Spectral line scans in deep fields, such as the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF), provide a unique view on the cold gas content out to high redshift. By conducting ‘spectroscopy-of-everything’, these flux-limited observations are sensitive to the molecular gas in galaxies without preselection, revealing the cold gas content of galaxies that would not be selected in traditional studies.In order to capitalize on the molecular gas observations, knowledge about the physical conditions of the galaxies detected in molecular gas, such as their interstellar medium conditions, is key. Fortunately, deep surveys with integral-field spectrographs are providing an unprecedented view of the galaxy population, providing redshifts and measurements of restframe UV/optical lines for thousands of galaxies.We present the results from the synergy between the ALMA Spectroscopic Survey of the HUDF (ASPECS), with deep integral field spectroscopy from the MUSE HUDF survey and multi-wavelength data. We discuss the nature of the galaxies detected in molecular gas without preselection and their physical properties, such as star formation rate and metallicity. We show how the combination of ALMA and MUSE integral field spectroscopy can constrain the physical properties in galaxies located around the main sequence during the peak of galaxy formation.
Molecular clouds in a Milky Way progenitor at z = 1
Authors: Dessauges-Zavadsky Miroslava , Richard Johan , Combes Françoise , Schaerer Daniel , Rujopakarn Wiphu , Mayer Lucio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThanks to the remarkable ALMA capabilities and the unique configuration of the Cosmic Snake galaxy behind a massive galaxy cluster, we could resolve molecular clouds down to 30 pc linear physical scales in a typical Milky Way progenitor at z = 1.036, through CO(4–3) observations performed at the ∼ 0.2″ angular resolution. We identified 17 individual giant molecular clouds. These high-redshift molecular clouds are clearly different from their local analogues, with 10–100 times higher masses, densities, and internal turbulence. They are offset from the Larson scaling relations. We argue that the molecular cloud physical properties are dependent on the ambient interstellar conditions particular to the host galaxy. We find these high-redshift clouds in virial equilibrium, and derive, for the first time, the CO-to-H2 conversion factor from the kinematics of independent molecular clouds at z = 1. The measured large clouds gas masses demonstrate the existence of parent gas clouds with masses high enough to allow the in-situ formation of similarly massive stellar clumps seen in the Cosmic Snake galaxy in comparable numbers. Our results support the formation of molecular clouds by fragmentation of turbulent galactic gas disks, which then become the stellar clumps observed in distant galaxies.
ALMA witnesses the assembly of first galaxies
Authors: Carniani Stefano 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCharacterising primeval galaxies entails the challenging goal of observing galaxies with modest star formation rates (SFR < 100 Mȯyr−1) and approaching the beginning of the reionisation epoch (z > 6). To date a large number of primeval galaxies have been identified thanks to deep near-infrared surveys. However, to further our understanding on the formation and evolution of such primeval objects, we must investigate their nature and physical properties through multi-band spectroscopic observations. Information on dust content, metallicity, interactions with the surrounding environment, and outflows can be obtained with ALMA observations of far-infrared (FIR) lines such as the [Cii] at 158 μm and [Oiii] at 88 μm. Here, we, thus, discuss the recent results unveiled by ALMA observations and present new [Cii] observations of BDF-3299, a star-forming galaxy at z = 7.1 showing a spatial and spectral offset between the rest-frame UV and the FIR lines emission.
Preliminary results from prebiotic molecules with ALMA in the era of artificial intelligence
Authors: Villicana-Pedraza I. , Walterbos R. , Carreto-Parra F. , Ott. J. , Momjian E. , Thelen A. , Ginsburg A. , Zapata L. , Gonzalez M. , Floyd J. , Saucedo J. , Binette L. , Prugh S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStudy of the composition from diverse sources of the Universe helps to us to understand their evolution. Molecular spectroscopy provides detailed information of the observed objects. We present a small study of the starburst NGC 253 with ALMA at 1mm. We detect the prebiotic molecules NH2CHO, and CNCHO. We obtain the integrated intensity maps and abundances of HNCO, CH3OH, H3O+ and CH3C2H. We propose the use of Artificial Intelligence for big data to find prebiotic molecules in galaxies.
Spectroscopy with the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) - the NIRSpec/NIRCAM GTO galaxy evolution project
Authors: Bunker Andrew J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractI present an overview of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES), a joint program of the JWST/NIRCam and NIRSpec Guaranteed Time Observations (GTO) teams involving 950 hours of observation. We will target two well-studied fields with excellent supporting data (e.g., from HST-CANDELS): GOODS-North and South, including the Ultra Deep Field. The science goal of JADES is to chart galaxy evolution at z > 2, and potentially out to z > 10, using the rest-frame optical and near-IR though observations from ≍ 1–5μm. Multi-colour NIRCam imaging with 9 filters will enable photometric redshifts and the application of the Lyman break technique out to unprecedented distances. NIRSpec spectroscopy (with spectral resolving powers of R = 100, 1000 & 2700) will measure secure spectroscopic redshifts of the photometrically-selected population, as well as stellar continuum slopes in the UV rest-frame, and hence study the role of dust, stellar population age, and other effects. Measuring emission lines can constrain the dust extinction, star formation rates, metallicity, chemical abundances, ionization and excitation mechanism in high redshift galaxies. Coupling NIRCam and NIRSpec observations will determine stellar populations (age, star formation histories, abundances) of galaxies and provide the information to correct their broad-band spectral energy distribution for likely line contamination. Potentially we can search for signatures of Population III stars such as HeII. We can address the contribution of star-forming galaxies at z > 7 to reionization by determining the faint end slope of the luminosity function and investigating the escape fraction of ionizing photons by comparing the UV stellar continuum with the Balmer-line fluxes.
The molecular gas content in a protocluster at z = 17: Star formation and AGN feedback
Authors: D’Amato Q. , Prandoni I. , Gilli R. , Massardi M. , Liuzzo E. , Mignoli M. , Vignali C. , Peca A. , Nanni R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA large-scale structure has been recently discovered at z = 1.7, around a powerful FRII radio galaxy. Eight Star Forming Galaxies (SFGs) have been discovered within Δ z ≍ 0.0095 and at < 1 Mpc from the FRII, indicating that this is a signpost of a protocluster. Furthermore, a significant X-ray diffuse emission overlapping the Eastern lobe of the FRII has been detected. Protoclusters are the ideal targets to investigate the complex assembly processes leading to the formation of local galaxy clusters. We will exploit new ALMA CO(2-1) observations (PI: R. Gilli) of the entire region around the FRII galaxy to trace the molecular gas content, in order to discover new protocluster members. Coupling these measurements with the multi-wavelength data coverage available for this field, we aim at placing constrains on the physical conditions in which star formation occurs, and ultimately infer the role of the radio jets in triggering it.
Galaxy evolution and radiative properties in the early universe: Multi-wavelength analysis in cosmological simulations
Authors: Arata Shohei , Yajima Hidenobu , Nagamine Kentaro , Li Yuexing , Khochfar Sadegh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent observations have successfully detected UV or infrared flux from galaxies at the epoch of reionization. However, the origin of their radiative properties has not been fully understood yet. Combining cosmological hydrodynamic simulations and radiative transfer calculations, we present theoretical predictions of multi-wavelength radiative properties of the first galaxies at z = 6–15. We find that most of the gas and dust are ejected from star-forming regions due to supernova (SN) feedback, which allows UV photons to escape. We show that the peak of SED rapidly shifts between UV and infrared wavelengths on a timescale of 100 Myr due to intermittent star formation and feedback. When dusty gas covers the star-forming regions, the galaxies become bright in the observed-frame sub-millimeter wavelengths. In addition, we find that the escape fraction of ionizing photons also changes between 1–40% at z > 10. The mass fraction of H ii region changes with star formation history, resulting in fluctuations of metal lines and Lyman-α line luminosities. In the starbursting phase of galaxies with a halo mass ∼1011Mȯ (1012Mȯ), the simulated galaxy has L[OIII] ∼ 1042 (1043) erg s−1, which is consistent with the observed star-forming galaxies at z > 7. Our simulations suggest that deep [Cii] observation with ALMA can trace the distribution of neutral gas extending over ∼20 physical kpc. We also find that the luminosity ratio L[OIII]/L[CII] decreases with bolometric luminosity due to metal enrichment. Our simulations show that the combination of multi-wavelength observations by ALMA and JWST will be able to reveal the multi-phase ISM structure and the transition from starbursting to outflowing phases of high-z galaxies.
Serendipitous discovery of an “ALMA-only” galaxy at 5 < z < 6 in an ALMA 3-mm survey
Authors: Williams Christina C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe discuss the serendipitous discovery of a dusty high-redshift galaxy in a small (8 arcmin2) ALMA 3-mm survey Williams et al. (2019). The galaxy was previously unknown and is absent from existing multi-wavelength catalogs (“ALMA-only”). Using the ALMA position as prior, we perform forced deblended photometry to constrain its spectral energy distribution. The spectral energy distribution is well described by a massive (M* = 1010.8 M⊙) and highly obscured (AV ∼ 4) galaxy at redshift z = 5.5 ± 1.1 with star formation rate ∼ 300 M⊙yr−1. Our small survey area implies an uncertain but large contribution to the cosmic star formation rate density, similar to the contribution from all ultraviolet-selected galaxies combined at this redshift. This galaxy likely traces an abundant population of massive galaxies absent from current samples of infrared-selected or sub-millimeter galaxies, but with larger space densities, higher duty cycles, and significant contribution to the cosmic star-formation rate and stellar mass densities.
The prevalence and physical properties of extremely low-luminosity galaxies in the early universe
Authors: Bouwens Rychard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGravitational lensing from galaxy clusters has great potential for deriving the prevalence and physical properties of ultra-faint galaxies at early times, with recent very impressive results from the Hubble Frontier Fields program. Important issues in deriving the most accurate results are accurate constraints on source sizes and a robust treatment of uncertainties in the magnification models. Using > 3300 z = 2 – 10 galaxies behind the 6 Hubble Frontier Fields clusters and a forwards modeling approach, I describe the efforts of my collaborators and me to map out the galaxy luminosity functions at ∼ − 13 mag from z ∼ 9 to z ∼ 2, i.e, a factor of 1000 below Lå and to the typical luminosity of galaxies suspected to drive cosmic reionization. Additionally, I discuss the constraints we can obtain on the properties of faint sources, in particular their stellar masses, mass-to-light ratios, colors, and stellar population ages. I conclude with a prospective on using cluster lenses to study the distant universe with the James Webb Space Telescope.
Shedding light on high-redshift galaxies with the 21cm signal
Authors: Hutter Anne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReionization represents an important epoch in the history in the Universe, when the first stars and galaxies gradually ionize the neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM). Understanding the nature of the ionizing sources, the associated ionization of the IGM, and its impact on subsequent structure formation and galaxy evolution by means of radiative feedback effects, represent key outstanding questions in current astrophysics. High-redshift galaxy observations and simulations have significantly extended our knowledge on the nature of high-redshift galaxies. However, essential properties such as the escape fraction of ionizing photons from galaxies into the IGM and their dependency on galactic properties remain essentially unknown, but determine significantly the distribution and time evolution of the ionized regions during reionization. Analyzing this ionization topology by means of the neutral hydrogen sensitive 21cm signal with radio interferometers such as SKA offers a complementary and unique opportunity to determine the nature of these first galaxies. I will show results from a self-consistent semi-numerical model of galaxy evolution and reionization, and discuss the potential of inferring galactic properties with the 21cm signal as well as the impact of reionization on the high-redshift galaxy population and its evolution.