bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An anonymous authenticated key-agreement scheme for multi-server infrastructure
Authors: Akram Muhammad Arslan , Ghaffar Zahid , Mahmood Khalid , Kumari Saru , Agarwal Kadambri , Chen Chien-Ming 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Due to single-time registration, the multi-server authentication provides benefit for getting services from different servers through trusted agent. Generally, users feel hesitation for registering themselves individually with all service providers due to the problem of memorizing the multiple passwords. The multi-server authentication allows a quick access to services by real-time customer validation on public channel. Thereafter, hundreds of multi-server authentication protocols have been introduced. However, the more efficient and robust authentication schemes are being explored by the research academia. We introduce an anonymous scheme that resists the major security threats like impersonation attack, insider attack and password modification attacks in viable computing cost. We use random oracle model for formal security analysis of the proposed scheme. The performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme incurs less computation, energy, communication and storage cost as compared to related protocols. This analysis and comparison show that our proposed scheme is quite effective for the purpose of anonymous authentication and key agreement.
Oxytocin quality: evidence to support updated global recommendations on oxytocin for postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Lambert Peter , McIntosh Michelle P , Widmer Mariana , Evans Lawrence , Rauscher Megan , Kuwana Rutendo , Theunissen Fiona , Yeager Beth , Petach Helen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The use of quality injectable oxytocin effectively prevents and treats postpartum hemorrhage, the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), characteristics of oxytocin—specifically its heat sensitivity—challenge efforts to ensure its quality throughout the health supply chain. In 2019, WHO, UNFPA and UNICEF released a joint-statement to clarify and recommend that oxytocin should be kept in the cold chain (between 2 and 8 °C) during transportation and storage; however, confusion among stakeholders in LMICs persists.

Objectives and methods
To further support recommendations in the WHO/UNFPA/UNICEF joint-statement, this paper reviews results of oxytocin quality testing in LMICs, evaluates product stability considerations for its management and considers quality risks for oxytocin injection throughout the health supply chain. This paper concludes with a set of recommended actions to address the challenges in maintaining quality for a heat sensitive pharmaceutical product.

Results
Due to the heat sensitivity of oxytocin, its quality may be degraded at numerous points along the health supply chain including:

At the point of manufacture, due to poor quality active pharmaceutical ingredients; lack of sterile manufacturing environments; or low-quality manufacturing processes

During storage and distribution, due to lack of temperature control in the supply chain, including cold chain at the end user health facility

Safeguarding the quality of oxytocin falls under the purview of national medicines regulatory authorities; however, regulators in LMICs may not adhere to good regulatory practices.

Conclusions
Storing oxytocin from 2 to 8 °C throughout the supply chain is important for maintaining its quality. While short temperature excursions may not harm product quality, the cumulative heat exposure is generally not tracked and leads to degradation. National and sub-national policies must prioritize procurement of quality oxytocin and require its appropriate storage and management.
Usefulness of waist-to-height ratio in screening incident hypertension among Japanese community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly individuals
Authors: Kawamoto Ryuichi , Kikuchi Asuka , Akase Taichi , Ninomiya Daisuke , Kumagi Teru 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The incidence of hypertension is increasing worldwide and obesity is one of the most significant risk factors. Obesity can be defined by various anthropometric indices such as body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). This study examined a range of anthropometric indices and their relationships with hypertension.

Methods
This study included 768 men aged 70 ± 10 years and 959 women aged 70 ± 8 years from a rural village. The relationship between anthropometric indices (BMI, WHpR, and WHtR) and hypertension was examined using cross-sectional (baseline, N = 1727) and cohort data (follow-up, N = 419). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the predictive ability of obesity indices for hypertension in both genders. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate WHtR as a significant predictor of hypertension.

Results
In the cross-sectional study, WHtR, BMI, and WHpR showed significant predictive abilities for hypertension in both genders, with WHtR showing the strongest predictive ability. Also, in the cohort study, WHtR showed a significant predictive ability for incident hypertension in both genders, and, for women, BMI as well as WHtR had also predictive ability. In the cross-sectional study, the optimal WHtR cutoff values were 0.53 (sensitivity, 44.3%; specificity, 80.2%) for men and 0.54 (sensitivity, 60.9%; specificity, 68.6%) for women. In the cohort study, the optimal WHtR values were 0.47 (sensitivity, 85.4%; specificity, 39.8%) for men and 0.51 (sensitivity, 66.7%; specificity, 58.2%) for women.

Conclusions
The results suggest that WHtR is a useful screening tool for hypertension among Japanese middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling individuals.
Multiple arboviral infections during a DENV-2 outbreak in Solomon Islands
Authors: Darcy Andrew Waleluma , Kanda Seiji , Dalipanda Tenneth , Joshua Cynthia , Shimono Takaki , Lamaningao Pheophet , Mishima Nobuyuki , Nishiyama Toshimasa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Solomon Islands, a country made up of tropical islands, has suffered cyclic dengue fever (DF) outbreaks in the past three decades. An outbreak of dengue-like illness (DLI) that occurred in April 2016 prompted this study, which aimed to determine the population’s immunity status and identify the arboviruses circulating in the country.

Methods
A household survey, involving 188 participants in two urban areas (Honiara and Gizo), and a parallel hospital-based clinical survey were conducted in April 2016. The latter was repeated in December after a surge in DLI cases. Arbovirus IgG ELISA were performed on the household blood samples to determine the prevalence of arboviruses in the community, while qPCR testing of the clinical samples was used to identify the circulating arboviruses. Dengue virus (DENV)-positive samples were further characterized by amplifying and sequencing the envelope gene.

Results
The overall prevalence rates of DENV, Zika virus, and chikungunya virus were 83.4%, 7.6%, and 0.9%, respectively. The qPCR positivity rates of the clinical samples collected in April 2016 were as follows: DENV 39.6%, Zika virus 16.7%, and chikungunya virus 6.3%, which increased to 74%, 48%, and 20% respectively in December 2016. The displacement of the circulating serotype-3, genotype-1, with DENV serotype 2, genotype cosmopolitan was responsible for the outbreak in 2016.

Conclusions
A DENV outbreak in Solomon Islands was caused by the introduction of a single serotype. The high prevalence of DENV provided transient cross-protection, which prevented the introduction of a new serotype from the hyperendemic region for at least 3 years. The severe outcomes seen in the recent outbreak probably resulted from changes in the causative viruses and the effects of population immunity and changes in the outbreak pattern. Solomon Islands needs to step up surveillance to include molecular tools, increase regional communication, and perform timely interventions.
Closed-loop bioelectronic medicine for diabetes management
Authors: Güemes Gonzalez Amparo , Etienne-Cummings Ralph , Georgiou Pantelis 
Published: May 2020

AbstractModulation of the nervous system by delivering electrical or pharmaceutical agents has contributed to the development of novel treatments to serious health disorders. Recent advances in multidisciplinary research has enabled the emergence of a new powerful therapeutic approach called bioelectronic medicine. Bioelectronic medicine exploits the fact that every organ in our bodies is neurally innervated and thus electrical interfacing with peripheral nerves can be a potential pathway for diagnosing or treating diseases such as diabetes. In this context, a plethora of studies have confirmed the important role of the nervous system in maintaining a tight regulation of glucose homeostasis. This has initiated new research exploring the opportunities of bioelectronic medicine for improving glucose control in people with diabetes, including regulation of gastric emptying, insulin sensitivity, and secretion of pancreatic hormones. Moreover, the development of novel closed-loop strategies aims to provide effective, specific and safe interfacing with the nervous system, and thereby targeting the organ of interest. This is especially valuable in the context of chronic diseases such as diabetes, where closed-loop bioelectronic medicine promises to provide real-time, autonomous and patient-specific therapies. In this article, we present an overview of the state-of-the-art for closed-loop neuromodulation systems in relation to diabetes and discuss future related opportunities for management of this chronic disease.
Route learning during tandem running in the rock antTemnothorax albipennis
Authors: Sasaki Takao , Danczak Leo , Thompson Beth , Morshed Trisha , Pratt Stephen C. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTMany animals use information from conspecifics to change their behavior in adaptive ways. When a rock ant, Temnothorax albipennis, finds food, she returns to her colony and uses a method called tandem running to lead nestmates, one at a time, from the nest to the food. In this way, naive ants can learn the location of a food source. Less clear is whether they also learn navigational cues that guide them from nest to food, although this is often assumed. We tested this idea by tracing the routes of individually marked ants as they followed tandem runs to a feeder, returned to the nest, and later traveled independently back to the food. Our results show, for the first time, that tandem run followers learn specific routes from their leaders. Independent journeys back to the food source were significantly more similar to the routes on which the ants had been led, compared with the routes taken by other tandem runs. In contrast, the homeward journey did not resemble the tandem run route. These results are consistent with followers memorizing visual cues during the tandem run that are useful for recapitulating the outward journey, but not as effective when facing in the opposite direction on the homeward journey. We further showed that foraging routes improved through individual experience over multiple trips but not through the social transfer of route information via tandem running. We discuss our findings in relation to social learning and integration of individual and social information in ants.
CEO Turnover and Accounting Earnings: The Role of Earnings Persistence
Authors: Suk Inho , Lee Seungwon , Kross William 
Published: May 2020

Although earnings persistence should have a nontrivial impact on chief executive officer (CEO) turnover decisions, prior studies have paid little attention to the role of earnings persistence in CEO turnover decisions. This study examines the effect of earnings persistence on the sensitivity (i.e., the negative relation) of CEO turnover to earnings performance. First, we find that the sensitivity of forced CEO turnovers to earnings performance is greater when earnings are more persistent. We also show that among numerous earnings attributes, earnings persistence is the most direct and dominant attribute in explaining CEO turnover-earnings sensitivity. Further, when the effect of earnings persistence on CEO compensation-earnings sensitivity is weak, the effect of earnings persistence on CEO turnover-earnings sensitivity is stronger, suggesting that the executive discipline system substitutes for the compensation system when earnings persistence is neglected by compensation policies. Overall, our findings suggest that earnings persistence plays a crucial role in CEO turnover decisions by elevating the board’s knowledge on the future performance implications of current earnings. Finally, the role of persistence is even more crucial when it is neglected by executive compensation policies. This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.
In vitro antimicrobial effects of chlorhexidine diacetate versus chlorhexidine free base dressings
Authors: Holinga George J. , McGuire James E. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial performance of a chlorhexidine diacetate dressing and a chlorhexidine free base dressing to determine if the free base form of chlorhexidine has the potential to be an effective alternative to the chlorhexidine salts used in conventional, chlorhexidine-based antimicrobial dressings. Method: Dressing samples were inoculated with clinically relevant pathogenic microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and fungus, and subsequently evaluated for in vitro log10 reduction at 1-, 3-, and 7-day time points. Chlorhexidine mole content was also calculated as a function of dressing surface area for both sample types to allow for formulation-independent comparison between the dressings. Results: The chlorhexidine free base dressing demonstrated >0.5 log10 superior mean antimicrobial efficacy at 67% of the experimental time points and equivalent mean antimicrobial efficacy (≤0.5 log10 different) at the remaining time points when compared with the chlorhexidine diacetate dressing. The chlorhexidine free base dressing was also found to contain 36% less chlorhexidine mole content than the chlorhexidine diacetate dressing. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a dressing formulated with chlorhexidine free base can deliver in vitro antimicrobial performance at both a magnitude and rate that meets or exceeds that of a chlorhexidine diacetate-based dressing, while also allowing for a reduction in total chlorhexidine content per dressing. These findings could be of particular interest to researchers developing new antimicrobial technologies as well as to infection preventionists when evaluating antimicrobial products for use on clinical patients at elevated risk of infection.
Elicitation of disease concepts in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: a qualitative study
Authors: Okoro Tony , Sikirica Vanja , Casillas Linda , Brion Triza , Devine Jacob , Ong Vivien , Howard Kellee 
Published: May 2020

Objective:To identify in-depth information directly from patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) on DFU symptoms, impacts on functioning and effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Method:Semi-structured, qualitative concept elicitation interviews were conducted with patients with DFUs (Wagner grade 1 or 2) until saturation was reached. Qualitative analysis (using MAXQDA, VERBI GmbH, Germany) of interview transcripts was conducted to identify concepts relevant to patients with DFUs, based on the frequency of mentions, and elucidate themes regarding impacts on HRQoL.Results:Of the 18 participants, most were male (n=14; 78%) and 10 (56%) presented with a Wagner grade of 1. Frequently reported symptoms were pain/discomfort (n=15; 83%), weeping/discharge (n=10; 56%), bleeding (n=10; 56%) and swelling (n=8; 44%). Overall, patients reported more impacts than symptoms—wound care/treatment burden (n=14; 78%), limitations on exercise/physical activity (n=13; 72%), mobility limitations (n=12; 67%), and offloading (n=12; 67%) were the most frequently mentioned. Based on findings from the patient interviews, a draft conceptual model was developed outlining interrelationships between DFU symptoms, impacts, and HRQoL from the patient perspective.Conclusion:Qualitative interviews captured the breadth of disease-related concepts of direct importance to patients. The draft conceptual model developed from the analysis can help identify measures or instruments for use in assessing patient-reported symptoms or HRQoL in clinical practice and may have wider research applicability, including evaluation of treatment benefits in patients with DFUs.
Zonal-based high-performance control in adaptive optics systems with application to astronomy and satellite tracking
Authors: Prengère Lèonard , Kulcsár Caroline , Raynaud Henri-François 
Published: May 2020

This paper presents a model-based approach to adaptive optics (AO)
control based on a zonal (i.e., pixelized) representation of the
incoming atmospheric turbulence. Describing the turbulence on a zonal
basis enables the encapsulation of the standard frozen-flow assumption
into a control-oriented model. A multilayer zonal model is proposed
for single-conjugate AO (SCAO) systems. It includes an edge
compensation mechanism involving limited support, which results in a
sparser model structure. To further reduce the computational
complexity, new resultant zonal models localized in the telescope
pupil are proposed, with AR1 or AR2 structures, that match the spatial
and temporal cross-correlations of the incoming turbulence. The global
performance of the resulting linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) regulator
is evaluated using end-to-end simulations and compared to several
existing controllers for two different configurations: a very large
telescope SCAO and low earth orbit satellite tracking. The results
show the high potential of the new approach and highlight possible
trade-offs between the performance and complexity.
Robust design method for metasurface high-sensitivity sensors and absorbers
Authors: Rastgordani Amin , Ghattan Kashani Zahra 
Published: May 2020

In this study, we propose and investigate a generalized circuit model for metasurface high-sensitivity sensors and broadband absorbers. First, we propose a terahertz tunable and polarization-independent high-sensitivity sensor based on a bulk Dirac semimetal metasurface. We compare the results of the proposed circuit model with those of full-wave simulation. In addition, we achieve the spectra of the sensor absorption for healthy and cancer cells. Moreover, since for most practical applications, the absorption bandwidth is one of the most substantial metrics, we propose a broadband absorber in the wavelength range of 600 to 800 nm. To verify our proposed model, we compare the results of the circuit model with those of experimental data. Additionally, a good agreement is observed among the results of the circuit model, those of full-wave simulations, and the experimental data. The proposed circuit model is general. It provides physical insight into the design and operation of various sub-wavelength structures in the broad frequency range. In addition, the proposed sensor can be used as a platform for the design of sensors needed in various chemical and biomedical systems.
Platinum substrate for surface plasmon microscopy at small angles
Authors: Hassani Hossein , Wolf Nikolaus Radja , Yuan Xiaobo , Wördenweber Roger , Offenhäusser Andreas 
Published: May 2020

Platinum is reported as the main component of the substrate in surface plasmon microscopy of the metal−dielectric interface for small-angle measurements. In the absence of a narrow dip in the angular spectrum of platinum, the refractive index of the dielectric medium or the thickness of a deposited layer is proven deducible from the observed sharp peak, close to the critical angle. The sensitivities of refractive index and thickness measurements using platinum are compared with that of a gold surface plasmon resonance chip. Furthermore, the thickness of a structured layer of (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane on the platinum substrate is measured to be 0.7 nm, demonstrating the high sensitivity of the technique.
Nonreciprocal cavities and the time-bandwidth limit: comment
Authors: Tsakmakidis Kosmas L. , You Yun , Stefański Tomasz , Shen Linfang 
Published: May 2020

In their paper in Optica 6, 104
(2019)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.6.000104, Mann et al. claim that linear, time-invariant
nonreciprocal structures cannot overcome the time-bandwidth limit and
do not exhibit an advantage over their reciprocal counterparts,
specifically with regard to their time-bandwidth performance. In this
Comment, we argue that these conclusions are unfounded. On the basis
of both rigorous full-wave simulations and insightful physical
justifications, we explain that the temporal coupled-mode theory, on
which Mann et al. base their main
conclusions, is not suited for the study of nonreciprocal trapped
states, and instead direct numerical solutions of Maxwell’s equations
are required. Based on such an analysis, we show that a nonreciprocal
terminated waveguide, resulting in a trapped state, clearly
outperforms its reciprocal counterpart; i.e., both the extraordinary
time-bandwidth performance and the large field enhancements observed
in such modes are a direct consequence of nonreciprocity.
Serpentine optical phased arrays for scalable integrated photonic lidar beam steering
Authors: Dostart Nathan , Zhang Bohan , Khilo Anatol , Brand Michael , Al Qubaisi Kenaish , Onural Deniz , Feldkhun Daniel , Wagner Kelvin H. , Popović Miloš A. 
Published: May 2020

Optical phased arrays (OPAs) implemented in integrated photonic
circuits could enable a variety of 3D sensing, imaging, illumination,
and ranging applications, and their convergence in new lidar
technology. However, current integrated OPA approaches do not scale—in
control complexity, power consumption, or optical efficiency—to the
large aperture sizes needed to support medium- to long-range lidar. We
present the serpentine OPA (SOPA), a new OPA concept that addresses
these fundamental challenges and enables architectures that scale up
to large apertures. The SOPA is based on a serially interconnected
array of low-loss grating waveguides and supports fully passive, 2D
wavelength-controlled beam steering. A fundamentally space-efficient
design that folds the feed network into the aperture also enables
scalable tiling of SOPAs into large apertures with a high fill-factor.
We experimentally demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, the first
SOPA using a 1450–1650 nm wavelength sweep to produce 16,500
addressable spots in a

27
×
610

array. We also demonstrate, for the
first time, far-field interference of beams from two separate OPAs on
a single silicon photonic chip, as an initial step towards long-range
computational imaging lidar based on novel active aperture
synthesis schemes.
Employing particle swarm optimization algorithm for shrinkage parameter estimation in generalized Liu estimator
Authors: Abdulkareem Abdulazeez Qamar , Yahya Algamal Zakariya 
Published: May 2020

It is well-known that in the presence of multicollinearity, the Liu estimator is an alternative to the ordinary least square (OLS) estimator and the ridge estimator. Generalized Liu estimator (GLE) is a generalization of the Liu estimator. However, the efficiency of GLE depends on appropriately choosing the shrinkage parameter matrix which is involved in the GLE. In this paper, a particle swarm optimization method, which is a metaheuristic continuous algorithm, is proposed to estimate the shrinkage parameter matrix. The simulation study and real application results show the superior performance of the proposed method in terms of prediction error.Â Â Â