bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ornithine and breast cancer: a matched case–control study
Authors: Zhang Jiayi , Tao Baihui , Chong Yiran , Ma Shuang , Wu Gang , Zhu Hailong , Zhao Yi , Zhao Shitao , Niu Mengmeng , Zhang Shutian , Wang Tianyi , Yang Shuman , Qiao Wenjing , Vuong Ann M. , Li Jincheng , Zhu Demiao , Tao Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn vivo and vitro evidence indicates that ornithine and its related metabolic products play a role in tumor development. Whether ornithine is associated with breast cancer in humans is still unclear. We examined the association between circulating ornithine levels and breast cancer in females. This 1:1 age-matched case–control study identified 735 female breast cancer cases and 735 female controls without breast cancer. All cases had a pathological test to ascertain a breast cancer diagnosis. The controls were ascertained using pathologic testing, clinical examinations, and/or other tests. Fasting blood samples were used to measure ornithine levels. The average age for cases and controls were 49.6 years (standard deviation [SD] 8.7 years) and 48.9 years (SD 8.7 years), respectively. Each SD increase in ornithine levels was associated with a 12% reduction of breast cancer risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79–0.97). The association between ornithine and breast cancer did not differ by pathological stages of diagnosis or tumor grades (all P for trend > 0.1). We observed no effect measure modification by molecular subtypes (P for interaction = 0.889). In conclusion, higher ornithine levels were associated with lower breast cancer risk in females.
Benefits of a Hearing Registry: Cochlear Implant Candidacy in Quiet Versus Noise in 1,611 Patients
Authors: Dunn Camille , Miller Sharon E. , Schafer Erin C. , Silva Christopher , Gifford René H. , Grisel Jedidiah J. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This retrospective study used a cochlear implant registry to determine how performing speech recognition candidacy testing in quiet versus noise influenced patient selection, speech recognition, and self-report outcomes.

Method
Database queries identified 1,611 cochlear implant recipients who were divided into three implant candidacy qualifying groups based on preoperative speech perception scores (≤ 40% correct) on the AzBio sentence test: quiet qualifying group, +10 dB SNR qualifying group, and +5 dB SNR qualifying group. These groups were evaluated for demographic and preoperative hearing characteristics. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare pre- and postoperative performance on the AzBio in quiet and noise with qualifying group as a between-subjects factor. For a subset of recipients, pre- to postoperative changes on the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale were also evaluated.

Results
Of the 1,611 patients identified as cochlear implant candidates, 63% of recipients qualified in quiet, 10% qualified in a +10 dB SNR, and 27% qualified in a +5 dB SNR. Postoperative speech perception scores in quiet and noise significantly improved for all qualifying groups. Across qualifying groups, the greatest speech perception improvements were observed when tested in the same qualifying listening condition. For a subset of patients, the total Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale ratings improved significantly as well.

Conclusion
Patients who qualified for cochlear implantation in quiet or background noise test conditions showed significant improvement in speech perception and quality of life scores, especially when the qualifying noise condition was used to track performance.
Vortex generation in the early Universe
Authors: Bhattacharjee Chinmoy , Stark David J. 
Published: September 2020

Context.Accretion disks formed near primordial black holes can be sources of seed magnetic fields in the early Universe. In particular, the Biermann battery mechanism has been shown to generate primordial magnetic fields in an unmagnetized and turbulence-free accretion disk, but this depends on a delicate misalignment of density and pressure gradients in plasmas.Aims.We aim to reformulate the question of magnetogenesis in the context of plasma generalized vorticity and to search for a more robust mechanism of vorticity generation in the early Universe.Methods.We utilize the electro-vortical formalism in curved spacetime, which treats the plasma flow and electromagnetic field on an equal footing, and apply it to a thin accretion disk model near a rotating black hole.Results.We present a spacetime curvature-driven mechanism that persists even in the absence of the Biermann battery. We explore the vorticity and enstrophy generation rate dependencies on black hole masses and spin rates.Conclusions.Analysis indicates that the accretion disks around lower-mass, faster rotating black holes contribute the greatest amount to the enstrophy and vorticity generation rates from the spacetime curvature drive. The shorter turning radii at which the sign of the vorticity changes – corresponding with this region of phase space – may favor these length scales in vortical structure formation and subsequent evolution.
Infective Endocarditis as a Complication of Intravenous Drug Use in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Adesomo Adebayo , Gonzalez-Brown Veronica , Rood Kara M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective An increase in opioid use disorder and subsequent intravenous drug use has led to an increase in sequalae that may complicate pregnancy, such as infective endocarditis. Infective endocarditis has the potential for significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. We sought to examine the management considerations and clinical implications of intravenous drug use-related infective endocarditis in pregnancy from our center's experience.
Study Design Retrospective study of management of pregnancies complicated by infective endocarditis as a result of active intravenous drug use at an academic tertiary care hospital from January 2012 through December 2019.
Results Twelve women with active intravenous drug use histories were identified as having clinical and echocardiographic features consistent with infective endocarditis. Six women were discharged against medical advice and did not complete the full course of recommended antibiotic regimen. Eight women were started or continued on opioid agonist therapy during their hospitalization. Four neonates required neonatal intensive care unit admission for pharmacologic treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome.
Conclusion Management of intravenous drug use-associated infective endocarditis in pregnancy involves more than treating the acute condition. In pregnant women with opioid use disorder and infective endocarditis, addiction and chronic psychosocial conditions need to be addressed to optimize care.
Data challenges and practical aspects of machine learning-based statistical methods for the analyses of poultry data to improve food safety and production efficiency
Authors: Pitesky Maurice , Gendreau Joseph , Bond Tristan , Carrasco-Medanic Roberto 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Leveraging data collected by commercial poultry requires a deep understanding of the data that are collected. Machine learning (ML)-based techniques are capable of “learning by finding” nonobvious associations and patterns in the data in order to create more reliable, accurate, explanatory, and predictive statistical models. This article provides practical definitions and examples of ML-based statistical approaches for the analysis of poultry production and poultry food safety-based data. In addition to summarizing the literature, two real examples of the supervised machine learning ensemble technique, random forest (RF), are provided with respect to predicting egg weights from a commercial layer farm and identifying the potential causes of a
Salmonella
outbreak from a commercial broiler facility. Specifically, as an example, for the prediction of egg weights, a training model and a test model were created, and a modification of RF was used to explore the ability to predict egg weights. Results identified multiple variables including Age, Farm Location, Body Weight, Total Eggs, Hens Housed, and House Style which were predictive of the continuous variable Egg Weight. With respect to the accuracy of the variable Egg Weight, the average error between the predicted and actual egg weight was determined to be less than 3%. With respect to broiler food safety, a relational database was constructed and a supervised RF model was developed to identify the predictors of
Salmonella
in a grow-out farm and associated broiler processing plant. Predictors of
Salmonella
that included livability, density of birds in the grow-out farm, and breeder age were identified. The task of choosing the most appropriate ML-based model(s) that accounts for the large number of variables common to the poultry industry and addresses the intricate interdependence between several production parameters and inputs while predicting multiple sequential outputs is complex. The use of ML techniques in combination with new data streams including sensors (e.g., visual and audio), IoT, and Web-scraping could offer a more comprehensive, efficient, and timely approach toward evaluating productivity, food safety, and profitability in commercial poultry.
Quantum gravity on polygons and

R×Zn

FLRW model
*
Authors: Argota-Quiroz J N , Majid S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We fully solve the quantum geometry of

Z

n

as a polygon graph with arbitrary metric square-lengths on the edges, finding a ∗-preserving quantum Levi-Civita connection which is unique for n ≠ 4. As a first application, we numerically compute correlation functions for Euclideanised quantum gravity on

Z

n

for small n. We then study an FLRW model on

R
×

Z

n

, finding the same expansion rate as for the classical flat FLRW model in 1 + 2 dimensions. We also look at particle creation on

R
×

Z

n

and find an additional m = 0 adiabatic no particle creation expansion as well as the particle creation spectrum for a smoothed step expansion.
Metal vapor content of an electric arc initiated by exploding wire in a model N2 circuit breaker: simulation and experiment
Authors: Kadivar A , Niayesh K , Sasaki Støa-Aanensen N , Abid F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A conductive wire can explode by rapidly heating it to vaporization temperature by flowing a current through it. This process is utilized to generate high-temperature high-density plasmas. The temperature and pressure distributions at the time of the explosion are not easily measured. Moreover, the amount of metal vapor from the wire that remains within the arcing area is unknown. This work presents the whole-process model of a single-wire electrical explosion from solid-state to plasma formation. For this purpose, the voltage drop and resistance of the exploding copper wire in solid-state are simulated through a zero-dimensional thermo-electrical model. Then, compressible Euler equations are implemented with nodal discontinuous Lagrange shape functions in a one-dimensional model to compute the flow of the generated copper vapor (due to the wire explosion) in surrounding nitrogen gas. The aim is to calculate the distributions of pressure, density, velocity, temperature, and mass flow along the cylindrical shock waves to estimate the arc’s copper/nitrogen mixture ratio in free burning and nozzle constricted arcs. This mixture ratio is used to calculate the precise percentage of the metal vapor in the arcing area and to calculate Townsend growth coefficients utilizing to estimate the streamer breakdown of the mixture. The simulation results show good agreement with the experimental results in terms of the temporal evolution of the plasma channel boundary, the shock front speed estimation as well as the arc voltage magnitude numerically calculated deploying the extracted mixture percentage from this study, manifesting the validity of the model. It shows that despite the low-pressure studies, the exploding wire method is not suitable for circuit breakers employing supercritical fluids as the insulation.
Active control of electromagnetically induced transparency analog in all-dielectric metamaterials loaded with graphene
Authors: Liu Tingting , Wang Huaixing , Zhou Chaobiao , Jiang Xiaoyun , Xiao Shuyuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) analog in all-dielectric metamaterials with a high quality factor provides an effective route to enhance light–matter interaction at the nanoscale. In particular, the active control applied to it enables great degree of freedom for spatial light modulation and thus promises functional device applications with high flexible tunability. Here, we load graphene into all-dielectric metamaterials and realize the remarkably high modulation depth in the transmission amplitude of the EIT resonance with the manipulation of graphene conductivity, via shifting the Fermi level or altering the layer number. The physical origin lies in the controllable light absorption through the interband loss of graphene in the near infrared. This work reveals a strategically important interaction mechanism between graphene and EIT resonance in all-dielectric metamaterials, and opens avenues in designing a family of hybrid metadevices that permit promising applications to light modulation, switching, slow light and ultrasensitive biosensing.
Observed metallization of hydrogen interpreted as a band structure effect
Authors: Dogan Mehmet , Oh Sehoon , Cohen Marvin L 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A recent experimental study of the metallization of hydrogen tracked the direct band gap and vibron frequency via infrared measurements up to ∼425 GPa (Loubeyre et al (2020 Nature
577 631). Above this pressure, the direct gap has a discontinuous drop to below the minimum experimentally accessible energy (∼0.1 eV). The authors suggested that this observation is caused by a structural phase transition between the C2/c-24 molecular phase to another molecular phase such as Cmca-12. Here, through ab initio calculations of pressure dependent vibron frequency and direct band gap, we find that the experimental data is consistent with the C2/c-24 phase up to 425 GPa, and suggest that this consistency extends beyond that pressure. Specifically, we find that qualitative changes in the band structure of the C2/c-24 phase lead to a discontinuous drop of the direct band gap, which can explain the observed drop without a structural transition. This alternative scenario, which naturally explains the absence of hysteresis in the measurements, will hopefully motivate further experimental studies to ascertain the structure of the phase above the high pressure ‘phase transition’.
Structural relationship between crystalline and amorphous states in Cu–(Zr, Ti) binary systems
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Dong Chuang , Häussler Peter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on the revelation of structural relationship of the ordered and disordered states in Cu–(Zr, Ti) binary systems. The atomic radial distributions in real space and the electron scattering behavior in reciprocal space between crystalline and amorphous phases are compared. The spherical-periodic order, characteristic of disordered structures, is clearly present in the crystalline phases, suggesting the structural homology of crystalline and the corresponding amorphous states. Furthermore, the diameters of Brillouin- or Jones-zones at the Fermi level in the crystalline and amorphous states are also similar and they fall close to those of the calculated Fermi spheres, verifying the resonance between the static atomic structure and the electron wave.
Engineering magnetic anisotropy and exchange couplings in double transition metal MXenes via surface defects
Authors: Siriwardane Edirisuriya M D , Karki Pragalv , Lee Loh Yen , Çakır Deniz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been experimentally proven to manifest almost all types of material properties observed in bulk materials. However, 2D magnetism was elusive until recently. In this work, we used an approach that synergistically uses density functional theory, and Monte Carlo methods to investigate the magnetic and electronic properties of magnetic double transition metal MXene alloys (Hf2MnC2O2 and Hf2VC2O2) by exploiting realistic surface terminations via creating surface defects including oxygen vacancies and H adatoms. We found that introducing surface oxygen vacancies or hydrogen adatoms is able to modify the electronic structures, magnetic anisotropies, and exchange couplings. Depending on the defect concentration, a ferromagnetic half-metallic state can be realized for both Hf2VC2O2 and Hf2MnC2O2. Bare Hf2VC2O2 exhibits easy-axis anisotropy, whereas bare Hf2MnC2O2 exhibits easy-plane anisotropy; however, defects can change the latter to easy-axis anisotropy, which is preferable for spintronics applications. The considered defects were found to modify the magnetic anisotropy by as much as 300%. Defects also produce an inhomogeneous pattern of exchange couplings, which can further enhance the Curie temperature. In particular, Hf2MnC2O2H0.22 was predicted to have a Curie temperature of about 171 K due to a combination of easy-axis anisotropy and a connected network of enhanced exchange couplings. Our calculations suggest a route toward engineering exchange couplings and magnetic anisotropy to improve magnetic properties.
Humidity effect on peeling of monolayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Tan Jie , Wang Yue , Guo Yufeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ambient humidity introduces water adsorption and intercalation at the surfaces and interfaces of low-dimensional materials. Our extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal the completely opposite contributions of interfacial water to the peeling of monolayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) sheets from graphite and BN substrates. For graphene, interfacial water decreases the peeling force, due to lower adhesion at the graphene/water interface. The peeling force of h-BN increases with an increase in the thickness of interfacial water, owing to stronger adhesion at the h-BN/water interface and the detachment of the water layer from the substrates. In this work, a theoretical model considering graphene/water and water/substrate interfacial adhesion energies is established, to predict the peeling forces of graphene and h-BN, which coincides well with the peeling forces predicted by the MD simulations. Our results should provide a deeper insight into the effect of interfacial water, induced by ambient humidity, on mechanical exfoliation and the transfer of two-dimensional van der Waals crystals.
A thiol-functionalized zirconium metal–organic cage for the effective removal of Hg2+ from aqueous solution
Authors: Qi Xiang-Juan , Sun Min , Hou Bao-Shan , Yu Xiang , Shan Guo-Gang , Sun Chun-Yi , Yousaf Afifa , Wang Xin-Long , Su Zhong-Min 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The mercury ions in waste water have threatened public health and environmental protection. In this sense, novel materials with outstanding performances for removal of Hg2+ are imperative. Herein, we demonstrate a thiol-functionalized zirconium metal–organic cage (MOC-(SH)2) with excellent dispersion displays ideal properties for Hg2+ capture. MOC-(SH)2 exhibits the ability of removing Hg2+ in aqueous solutions with a capacity of 335.9 mgHg2+/gMOC-(SH)2, which surpasses that of classical Zr-based metal–organic framework Uio-66-(SH)2 by 1.89 folds. The higher loading capacity of MOC-(SH)2 is probably owing to the excellent dispersion of the discrete cage, which makes the accessibility of binding sites (thiol) easier. Additionally, 99.6% of Hg2+ can be effectively captured by MOC-(SH)2 with the concentration decreased from 5 to 0.02 ppm reaching the permissible limit for Hg2+, outperforming the performance of Uio-66-(SH)2. The excellent absorption property of MOC-(SH)2 is also achieved in terms of superior selectivity under the presence of competitive metal ions. Meanwhile, the regenerated MOC-(SH)2 can be reused without apparent loss of Hg2+ loading capacity. UV–vis absorption spectra, IR spectra and emission spectra further verified the strong chemical affinity between Hg2+ and the thiol of MOC-(SH)2. The study lays the groundwork for using Zr-MOCs in the removal of toxic metal ions and environmental sustainability.
Charge transfer in SnS2/Na0.9Mg0.45Ti3.55O8 heterojunction in photocatalytic process
Authors: Wang Jing-Zhou , Zhou Zhong-Shu , Dai Yong-Jie , Zhou Jian-Ping , Lv Xiao-Gong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
SnS2/Na0.9Mg0.45Ti3.55O8 (SNMTO) composite photocatalyst was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The chemical combination in lattice scale between SnS2 and Na0.9Mg0.45Ti3.55O8 (NMTO) was observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, indicating that heterojunctions were obtained between SnS2 and NMTO. The photocatalytic activity of SNMTO heterojunctions was improved in comparison with that of pure NMTO and SnS2 for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and Rhodamine B. Electrons were excited in n-type semiconductors NMTO and SnS2 under light illumination, and a part of them moved to the interface, determined with the surface potential reduction observed directly by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The charge redistribution in the composite illustrates a high density of interface states between SnS2 and NMTO, which attract lots of photoelectrons, as a result enhancing the photocatalytic performance. This finding is very different from the speculation that the photogenerated electrons and holes migrate from one part to another because it is difficult for charge carriers to travel through the interface with high energy.
Engineering of physical properties of spray-deposited nanocrystalline Sb2O3 thin films by phase transformation
Authors: Shinde Y P , Sonone P N , Kendale R K , Koinkar P M , Ubale A U 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Nanostructured Sb2O3 thin films have been deposited onto glass substrates by using the chemical spray pyrolysis technique, and the effect of precursor solution volume on the physical properties was investigated for the first time. The prepared films were characterized in detail by using x-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (FESEM-EDAX), UV-vis absorption and transmission spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy analysis and electrical resistivity measurement. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the senarmontite cubic phase is completely transferred to the valentinite orthorhombic phase as the precursor solution volume is increased. This phase transformation as a function of precursor volume is discussed in detail. The FESEM-EDAX analysis reconfirms the phase change showing well-defined nano-dimensional cubic hexagonal and orthorhombic octahedral morphologies with excellent stoichiometry. The optical property studies show that the bandgap energy of Sb2O3 varies from 3.43–3.98 eV as a function of precursor quantity. The as-grown Sb2O3 thin films are semiconducting in nature. The measured values of electrical resistivity and activation energy are found to be dependent on the spray solution volume. The electrical resistivity of deposited Sb2O3 thin films shows variation from 26.15 × 102–34.27 × 102 Ω cm and the activation energy of the films is in the order of 0.763–0.773 eV.