bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ И ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА КОЭФФИЦИЕНТА СВЯЗНОСТИ КОЛЛЕКТОРА ГЕОЛОГО-ГИДРОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ МОДЕЛЕЙ НЕФТЕГАЗОВЫХ ЗАЛЕЖЕЙ
Authors: Попов Виктор Львович , Поднебесных Александр Владимирович , Пыльник Сергей Валерьевич 
Published: January 2020

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью количественной оценки связности коллектора геолого-гидродинамических моделей для классификации реализаций при многовариантной оценке неопределенностей и оптимизации выбора метода и параметров моделирования куба песчанистости. Цель: ввести понятие коэффициента связности коллектора, оценить репрезентативность предложенного параметра для моделей залежей различной детальности и геометрии; оценка влияния параметров неоднородности геологических моделей на коэффициент связности. Объекты: геолого-гидродинамические модели залежей нефтегазовых месторождений. Методы: геологическое и гидродинамическое моделирование, статистический анализ результатов геологического и гидродинамического моделирования. Результаты. Кратко рассмотрены существующие методы оценки связности коллектора в геолого-гидродинамических моделях, используемые для оценки ресурсов углеводородного сырья и выбора наиболее эффективных методов их разработки. На основе проведенного авторами анализа был предложен новый подход к определению параметра связанности как отношения перетока жидкости в исследуемой модели к модели с единичной песчанистостью. Рассмотрено влияние геометрии и детальности геолого-гидродинамических моделей на величину коэффициент связности. На примере синтетических стохастических моделей рассмотрены зависимости коэффициента связности от таких параметров, как песчанистость, ранги вариограмм, их анизотропия и эффект самородка. Введено понятие коэффициента гидродинамической связности коллектора, который характеризует способность модели фильтровать флюид, без учета влияния фильтрационно-емкостных характеристик. Этот параметр учитывает только распределение коллектора в объеме залежи и то, как ячейки коллектора расположены друг относительно друга. Предложенный способ расчёта позволяет оценить анизотропию перетоков флюида между ячейками по различным направлениям и оценить способность модели фильтровать этот флюид через себя. Коэффициент связанности, в отличие от перколяционных методов, позволяет получать непрерывную оценку гидродинамической связи между ячейками, не требует обязательного наличия истории работы залежи и не зависит от текущей системы разработки, реализуемой на месторождении.
DECENTRALISATION AND EDUCATION FOR ALL IN INDONESIA
Authors: Kuhon Richard Richy 
Published: January 2020

The discourse on decentralisation in developing countries is seen as a strategy in restructuring and improving economic, social and public welfare including the education sector. This idea is fundamentally in line with the goals of Education for All (EFA). The experience of Indonesia that had shifted from a strongly centralised system to a decentralised one in the early 2000s provides an interesting case. This article argues that the current decentralised system in education has seen an insignificant effect in achieving EFA. Through an extensive literature study, this article draws attention to the particular concerns of human resources, curriculum, corruption and poverty issues as contributing factors to the seemingly failing efforts in the decentralised settings, all in the light of Indonesia's historical development.
Women’s empowerment is associated with maternal nutrition and low birth weight: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Kabir Alamgir , Rashid Md Mahbubur , Hossain Kamal , Khan Md Arifuzzaman , Sikder Shegufta Shefa , Gidding Heather F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The burden of maternal undernutrition and low birth weight (LBW) incurs enormous economic costs due to their adverse consequences. Women’s empowerment is believed to be one of the key factors for attaining maternal and child health and nutritional goals. Our objective was to investigate the association of women’s empowerment with maternal undernutrition and LBW.
Methods
We used nationally representative data from the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey for 2011 and 2014. We analysed 27,357 women and 9,234 mother-child pairs. A women’s empowerment index (WEI) was constructed using principal component analysis with five groups of indicators: a) education, b) access to socio-familial decision making, c) economic contribution and access to economic decision making, d) attitudes towards domestic violence and e) mobility. We estimated odds ratios as the measure of association between the WEI and the outcome measures using generalized estimating equations to account for the cluster level correlation.
Results
The overall prevalence of maternal undernutrition was 20% and LBW was 18%. The WEI was significantly associated with both maternal undernutrition and LBW with a dose-response relationship. The adjusted odds of having a LBW baby was 32% [AOR (95% CI):0.68 (0.57, 0.82)] lower in the highest quartile of the WEI relative to the lowest quartile. Household wealth significantly modified the effect of the WEI on maternal nutrition.; in the highest wealth quintile, the odds of maternal undernutrition was 54% [AOR (95% CI): 0.46 (0.33, 0.64)] lower while in the lowest wealth quintile the odds of undernutrition was only 18% [AOR (95% CI): 0.82 (0.67, 1.00)] lower comparing the highest WEI quartile with the lowest WEI quartile. However, the absolute differences in prevalence of undernutrition between the highest and lowest WEI quartiles were similar across wealth quintiles (6-8%).
Conclusions
This study used a comprehensive measure of women’s empowerment and provides strong evidence that low levels of women’s empowerment is associated with maternal undernutrition as well as with delivering LBW babies in Bangladesh. Therefore, policies to increase empowerment of women would contribute to improved public health.
Competing demands in postpartum care: A national survey of U.S. providers’ priorities and practice
Authors: Krishnamurti Tamar , Simhan Hyagriv N , Borrero Sonya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: A new movement towards improved postpartum care calls for restructuring how that care is provided. As professional guidelines evolve, understanding how providers currently prioritize and practice postpartum care can offer insights about those elements of care that may be currently overperformed, as well as those that may warrant more routine practice.
Methods: We surveyed 600 randomly-sampled U.S. postpartum care providers about their priorities for and the frequency with which specific elements of care are provided, as well as the feasibility of remote delivery of postpartum care provision (i.e., telemedicine).
Results: The survey response rate was 43% across medical specialties. Providers reported an average of only 24.4 ± 11.7 minutes available to spend on the postpartum visit. Certain types of postpartum care were highly prioritized and routinely performed, such as depression screening. Yet, there were also noted discrepancies between prioritized and performed care, revealing competing demands on providers’ time. For example, pelvic exams were performed more often than similarly prioritized care, whereas screening for intimate partner violence and substance use were performed less often than similarly-prioritized care. Certain types of care were identified as important that are not explicitly addressed by national practice guidelines (e.g. transitioning to parenthood). Approximately 25% of respondents regarded telemedicine as a feasible remote care delivery alternative to much of the care currently provided in-person.
Conclusions: The time providers have available to offer comprehensive postpartum care is constrained. Understanding how certain elements of care may be competing with one another at a single postpartum visit highlights those elements of care, which may be currently underperformed, as well as those elements of care that may warrant evaluation for future inclusion in standard care. For providers experiencing time constraints, complementary remote care represents a potentially viable approach to implementing recommendations for transitioning the traditional visit to a more frequent, ongoing postpartum care process. In calling for a new approach to postpartum care delivery, professional organizations should consider the practices and priorities of their constituency as they revise guidelines and shape future research about the value of specific postpartum services.
Next-Generation Sequencing Identified Novel Desmoplakin Frame-shift Variant in Patients with Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lin Xiaoping , Ma Yuankun , Cai Zhejun , Wang Qiyuan , Wang Lihua , Huo Zhaoxia , Hu Dan , Wang Jian'an , Xiang Meixiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is one of the leading causes for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Recent studies have identified mutations in cardiac desmosomes as key players in the pathogenesis of AC. However, the specific etiology in individual families remains largely unknown. Methods: A 4-generation family presenting with syncope, lethal ventricular arrhythmia and SCD was recruited. Targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed and validated by Sanger sequencing. Plasmids containing the mutation and wild type (WT) were constructed, real-time PCR, western-blot and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the functional change due to the mutation. Results: The proband, a 56-year-old female, presented with recurrent palpitations and syncope. An ICD was implanted due to her family history of SCD/ aborted SCD. NGS revealed a novel heterozygous frame-shift variant ( c.832delG ) in Desmoplakin ( DSP ) among 5 family members. The variant led to frame-shift and premature termination, producing a truncated protein. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) of the family members carrying the same variant shown myocardium thinning and fatty infiltration in the right ventricular, positive bi-ventricular late gadolinium enhancement and severe RV dysfunction, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of AC. HEK293T cells transfected with mutant expressed truncated DSP mRNA and protein, upregulation of nuclear junction plakoglobin ( JUP ) and downregulation of β-catenin, when compared with WT. Conclusion: We infer that the novel c.832delG variant in DSP was associated with AC in this family, likely through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Nasogastric tube feeding versus assisted hand feeding in-home healthcare older adults with severe dementia in Taiwan: a prognosis comparison
Authors: Chou Hsiao-Hui , Tsou Meng-Ting , Hwang Lee-Ching 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: All individuals with severe dementia should be offered careful hand feeding. However, under certain circumstances, people with severe dementia have a feeding tube placed. In Taiwan, tube feeding rate in demented older home care residents is increasing；however, the benefits of tube feeding in this population remain unknown. We compared the clinical prognosis and mortality of older patients with severe dementia receiving nasogastric tube feeding (NGF) or assisted hand feeding (AHF). Methods: This retrospective longitudinal study enrolled 169 participants over 60 years of age in the setting of in-home healthcare between January 1 and December 31, 2017. All subjects with documented severe dementia and complete functional dependence suffered from difficulty in oral intake and required either AHF or NGF. Data were collected from both groups to analyze pneumonia, hospitalization, and mortality rates. Results: A total of 169 subjects (56 males and 113 females, aged 85.9 ± 7.5 years) were analyzed. Of note, 39 required AHF and 130 NGF. All subjects were bedridden; 129 (76%) showed Barthel index < 10. Pneumonia risk was higher in the NGF group (48%) than in the AHF group (26%, p = 0.015). After adjusting for multiple factors in the regression model, the risk of pneumonia was not significantly higher in older subjects belonging to the NGF group compared to the AHF group. One-year mortality rates in the AHF and NGF groups were 8% and 15%, respectively, and no significant difference was observed after adjustment with logistic regression (aOR = 2.38; 95% CI, 0.58–9.70). There were no significant differences in hospitalization rate and duration. Conclusions: For older patients with dementia requiring in-home healthcare, NGF is not associated with a significantly lower risk of pneumonia than AHF. Additionally, neither mortality nor hospitalization rates decreased with NGF. On the contrary, a non-significant trend of increased risk of pneumonia was observed in NGF group. Therefore, the benefits of NGF are debatable in older patients with severe dementia requiring in-home healthcare. Continued careful hand feeding could be an alternative to NG feeding in patients with severe dementia. Furthermore, large-scale studies on home healthcare would be required to support these results.
Expert Curation of the Human and Mouse Olfactory Receptor Gene Repertoires Identifies Conserved Coding Regions Split Across Two Exons
Authors: Barnes If , Ibarra-Soria Ximena , Fitzgerald Stephen , Gonzalez Jose , Davidson Claire , Hardy Matthew , Manthravadi Deepa , Gerven Laura Van , Jorissen Mark , Zeng Zhen , Khan Mona , Mombaerts Peter , Harrow Jennifer , Logan Darren , Frankish Adam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Olfactory receptor (OR) genes are the largest multi-gene family in the mammalian genome, with 874 in human and 1483 loci in mouse (including pseudogenes). The expansion of the OR gene repertoire has occurred through numerous duplication events followed by diversification, resulting in a large number of highly similar paralogous genes. These characteristics have made the annotation of the complete OR gene repertoire a complex task. Most OR genes have been predicted in silico and are typically annotated as intronless coding sequences. Results: Here we have developed an expert curation pipeline to analyse and annotate every OR gene in the human and mouse reference genomes. By combining evidence from structural features, evolutionary conservation and experimental data, we have unified the annotation of these gene families, and have systematically determined the protein-coding potential of each locus. We have defined the non-coding regions of many OR genes, enabling us to generate full-length transcript models. We found that 13 human and 41 mouse OR loci have coding sequences that are split across two exons. These split OR genes are conserved across mammals, and are expressed at the same level as protein-coding OR genes with an intronless coding region. Our findings challenge the long-standing and widespread notion that the coding region of a vertebrate OR gene is contained within a single exon.Conclusions: This work provides the most comprehensive curation effort of the human and mouse OR gene repertoires to date. The complete annotation has been integrated into the GENCODE reference gene set, for immediate availability to the research community.
The Informal Curriculum of Family Medicine – what does it entail and how is it taught to residents? A systematic review.
Authors: Rothlind Erica , Fors Uno , Salminen Helena , Wandell Per , Ekblad Solvig 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The informal curriculum is a seemingly well-explored concept in the realm of medical education. However, it is a concept with multiple definitions and the term “the hidden curriculum” is often used interchangeably. In short, they both refer to the implicit learning taking place outside the formal curriculum, encompassing both a trickling down effect of organizational values and attitudes passed on by a mentor or colleague. While the informal curriculum is a recurrent theme in medical education literature; it is seldom discussed in Family Medicine. As the informal curriculum is likely to be highly influential in the forming of future family practitioners our aim was to explore the area further with respect to the following: which elements of the informal curriculum are applicable in a Family Medicine context and what educational interventions for Family Medicine residents, visualizing the various educational elements of it, have been performed? Methods We conducted a systematic review comprising iterative literature searches and a narrative synthesis of the results. Results 20 articles, published between 2000 and 2019, were included in the analysis which resulted in three partly interrelated themes comprising the informal curriculum in Family Medicine: gaining cultural competence, achieving medical professionalism and dealing with uncertainty. The themes on cultural competence and uncertainty seemed to be more contextual than professionalism, the latter being discussed in relation to the informal curriculum across various medical disciplines. Formalized training for Family Medicine residents in aspects of the informal curriculum appeared to be lacking, and in general the quality of the few interventional studies found was low. Conclusions Important aspects of being a family practitioner, such as cultural competence and dealing with uncertainty, are learned through a context-dependent informal curriculum. In order to ensure a more uniform base for all residents and to reduce the impact of the individual supervisor’s preferences, complementary formalized training would be beneficial. However, to date there are too few studies published to conclude how to best teach the informal curriculum.
Patient outcomes in Anteromedial Osteoarthritis Patients over 80 Years Old Undergoing Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty in China
Authors: Cheng Jingbo , Feng Mingli , Cao Guanglei , Li Zheng , An Shuai , Lu Shibao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA) has increased rapidly around the world, and the effectiveness and safety of a minimally invasive surgical approach for it demonstrate excellent outcome. Oxford UKA represents an interesting solution for older patients. The aim of our study is to evaluate the perioperative complications and short-term clinical outcome and analyze the safety for older patients who undergo Oxford UKA.Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent Oxford UKA between June 2015 and January 2018. We divided all patients into three groups (ages 60–69; ages 70-79; age over 80). We used the HSS score and WOMAC score to evaluate the general condition of the patients’ knees. We also recorded perioperative complications and long-term complications.Result:60 patients (60 knees) between the ages of 60 and 69 (Group 1), 70 patients (79 knees) between the ages of 70-79 (Group 2) and 65 patients (70 knees) over 80 years old (Group 3) were included in the study. The mean follow-up was 21.34±12.04, 22.08±11.38 and 21.76 ± 10.20 months in Group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. At last follow-up, the patients in Group 3 showed lower function scores as compared to group 1 and 2 (P <0.05), but both the HSS score and the WOMAC score were significantly improved in both groups after surgery. The rate of perioperative complications and other complications in elderly patients is the same as in younger patients.Conclusion: Oxford UKA is an effective and safe treatment for osteoarthritis, even in old adult patients in China. The knee joint pain symptoms of the elderly patients are relieved and the function is improved, but the function is still poor compared with the younger patients.
Lentivirus expressing shRNAs inhibit the replication of Contagious Ecthyma virus by targeting DNA polymerase gene
Authors: Samani Leila Asadi , saffar behnaz , Mokhtari Azam , Arefian Ehsan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Contagious ecthyma or Orf is known as a zoonotic disease remains prevalently worldwide despite the application of some control strategies against it. RNAi particularly shRNA provides us with the chance to tackle this obstacle by an encouraging new approach. The current study indicates the design and experiment of third-generation lentivirus packaging systems delivering shRNAs to inhibit Orf virus (ORFV) replication and infection. Methods: Given the importance of DNA-pol gene in virus replication, in this study, three shRNAs against this gene were designed and cloned into lentiviral vectors to stabilize the expression of shRNAs. After producing lentivectors expressing ORFV-DNA– pol in HEK293T cells, the synthesized shRNAs were applied to downregulate viral replication and gene expression. The reduction in viral titer and RNA was evaluated by TCID50 test as well as real-time RT-PCR. The results were then analyzed in comparison with the control group. Results: Designed shRNAs significantly reduced virus yield approximately 90% to 97% and 96.8% to 99.4%, respectively compared to the control groups (cells infected with ORFV and infected with ORFV and scrambled vector) by TCID50 test. Real-time RT-PCR revealed a dramatic reduction in the expression of viral RNA approximately 99% compared to cells infected with ORFV and from 92.6% to 99%, respectively compared to cells infected with ORFV and scrambled vector. Conclusions: Therefore, it can be stated that RNAi is capable of being used as a potent therapeutically option against viruses like ORFV.
Loosening and revision rates after total shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review of cemented all-polyethylene glenoid and three modern designs of metal-backed glenoid
Authors: Kim Dong Min , Aldeghaither Mohammed , Alabdullatif Fahad , Shin Myung Jin , Kholinne Erica , Kim Hyojune , Jeon In-Ho , Koh Kyoung-Hwan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Several modern designs of metal-backed glenoids (MBG) have been devised to overcome flaws such as loosening and a high failure rate. This review aimed to compare rates of complications and revision surgeries between cemented polyethylene glenoid (PEG) and three examples of modern MBG designs.Methods: Literature search was carried out using PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Google Scholar using MeSH terms and natural keywords. A total of 1186 articles were screened. We descriptively analyzed numerical data between the groups and statistically analyzed the categorical data, such as the presence of radiolucent line, loosening, and revision surgery (failure). Articles were divided into three groups based on follow-up duration: < 36-month, 36–72-month, and > 72-month subgroups.Results: This study included 35 articles (3769 shoulders); 25 on cemented PEG and ten on the modern MBG. Mean age was 66.4 (21–93) and 66.5 years (31–88). The mean duration of follow-up was 73.1 (12–211) and 56.1 months (24–100). Overall, the rate of the radiolucent line was 354/1302 (27%) and 47/282 (17%), the loosening rate was 465/3185 (15 %) and 22/449 (5%), and the failure rate was 189/3316 (6%) and 11/457 (2%), for PEG and MBG, respectively. The results of < 36-month and 36–72-month subgroups showed lower rates of radiolucency and loosening in the cemented PEG group, but there was no significant difference in failure rate (P=0.754 and 0.829, respectively). In the > 72-month subgroup, MBG was better in terms of loosening (P <0.001) and failure rates (P = 0.006).Conclusions: The modern MBG component, especially TM glenoid, seems to be a promising alternative to cemented PEGs, based on subgroup revision rates according to the follow-up duration and overall results of ROM and clinical scores. All polyethylene glenoids tend to increase loosening and failure over time. Three modern MBG designs seem to have no difference in failure, at least in the < 36-month and 36–72-month subgroups compared to the cemented PEG. More long-term follow-up studies on modern MBG should be ultimately conducted.