bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecosystem diversity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a remnant of Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil
Authors: Alencar Jeronimo , de Mello Cecilia Ferreira , Rodríguez‐Planes Lucía , dos Santos Silva Júlia , Gil‐Santana Hélcio Reinaldo , Bastos Amanda Queiroz , Albuquerque Hermano Gomes , Rodrigues William Costa , Guimarães Anthony Érico 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding mosquito biodiversity in the Atlantic Forest is important for assessing changes in the distribution of mosquito populations, which have been considered predominantly to be sylvatic. An observational study of Culicidae was conducted in a remnant of the Atlantic Forest in the Poço das Antas Biological Reserve, Silva Jardim municipality, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, to evaluate species diversity and the influence of climatic factors (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) on species distribution. Two types of light trap were used: an automatic CDC trap baited with CO2 and a Shannon trap. Collections were also made using a manual suction tube. Overall, 15 700 Culicidae specimens were collected belonging to two subfamilies, 12 genera and 41 species. The most common species were Coquillettidia chrysonotum, Mansonia titillans and Coquillettidia venezuelensis. Principal component analyses indicated a major association between sampling site six and the species Anopheles albitarsis, Mansonia titilllans, Cq. chrysonotum and Cq. venezuelensis. Furthermore, diversity indices indicated that sampling sites 1, 6 and 4 displayed higher diversity and a more uniform species abundance. Culicidae abundance was positively correlated with temperature. Landscape units exhibited contrasting community compositions of mosquitoes at multiple scales, with the community composition more similar in sites with similar landscape parameters. The importance of constant entomological monitoring is underscored by the diversity of mosquito species in this reserve and their potential role in the transmission of pathogens, combined with intermittent flow of visitors to the area.
Genome‐enabled prediction of reproductive traits in Nellore cattle using parametric models and machine learning methods
Authors: Alves A. A. C. , Espigolan R. , Bresolin T. , Costa R. M. , Fernandes Júnior G. A. , Ventura R. V. , Carvalheiro R. , Albuquerque L. G. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis study aimed to assess the predictive ability of different machine learning (ML) methods for genomic prediction of reproductive traits in Nellore cattle. The studied traits were age at first calving (AFC), scrotal circumference (SC), early pregnancy (EP) and stayability (STAY). The numbers of genotyped animals and SNP markers available were 2342 and 321 419 (AFC), 4671 and 309 486 (SC), 2681 and 319 619 (STAY) and 3356 and 319 108 (EP). Predictive ability of support vector regression (SVR), Bayesian regularized artificial neural network (BRANN) and random forest (RF) were compared with results obtained using parametric models (genomic best linear unbiased predictor, GBLUP, and Bayesian least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, BLASSO). A 5‐fold cross‐validation strategy was performed and the average prediction accuracy (ACC) and mean squared errors (MSE) were computed. The ACC was defined as the linear correlation between predicted and observed breeding values for categorical traits (EP and STAY) and as the correlation between predicted and observed adjusted phenotypes divided by the square root of the estimated heritability for continuous traits (AFC and SC). The average ACC varied from low to moderate depending on the trait and model under consideration, ranging between 0.56 and 0.63 (AFC), 0.27 and 0.36 (SC), 0.57 and 0.67 (EP), and 0.52 and 0.62 (STAY). SVR provided slightly better accuracies than the parametric models for all traits, increasing the prediction accuracy for AFC to around 6.3 and 4.8% compared with GBLUP and BLASSO respectively. Likewise, there was an increase of 8.3% for SC, 4.5% for EP and 4.8% for STAY, comparing SVR with both GBLUP and BLASSO. In contrast, the RF and BRANN did not present competitive predictive ability compared with the parametric models. The results indicate that SVR is a suitable method for genome‐enabled prediction of reproductive traits in Nellore cattle. Further, the optimal kernel bandwidth parameter in the SVR model was trait‐dependent, thus, a fine‐tuning for this hyper‐parameter in the training phase is crucial.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in cyclodextrin nanoparticle eye drops: Ocular pharmacokinetics and pharmacologic effect on intraocular pressure
Authors: Lorenzo‐Soler Laura , Olafsdottir Olof Birna , Garhöfer Gerhard , Jansook Phatsawee , Kristinsdottir Iris Myrdal , Tan Aimin , Loftsson Thorsteinn , Stefansson Einar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeOrally administered angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) decrease intraocular pressure (IOP). Topical administration may reduce systemic side effects and result in a useful glaucoma drug. The aim of this study is to test the ocular delivery and pharmacologic effect of nanoparticle eye drops containing ARBs (e.g. irbesartan and candesartan).Methods1.5% irbesartan and 0.15% candesartan eye drops were applied to rabbits. The pharmacokinetics in cornea and aqueous humour after single eye drop application were studied in 49 rabbits. The effect of the eye drops on IOP was studied in 10 rabbits using an iCare (® TonoVet Plus, iCare, Finland) tonometer and compared with 0.5% timolol eye drops.ResultsCandesartan lowered IOP from 24.6 ± 5.1 mmHg at baseline to 19.0 ± 2.9 mmHg (mean ± SD, p = 0.030, n = 10) 4 hr after application. Irbesartan lowered IOP from 24.2 ± 1.7 mmHg to 20.2 ± 0.9 mmHg (p = 0.14, n = 10). Timolol decreased the IOP from 24.9 ± 4.2 mmHg to 20.4 ± 4.8 mmHg (mean ± SD, p = 0.036, n = 10). The pharmacokinetics data show that both formulations deliver effective amounts of drug into the intraocular tissues, with irbesartan and candesartan reaching concentrations of 121 ± 69 and 30.43 ± 13.93 ng/g (mean ± SD), respectively, in the aqueous humour 3 hr after a single‐dose administration.ConclusionsTopical application of irbesartan and candesartan eye drops delivers effective drug concentrations to the anterior segment of the eye in rabbits, achieving drug concentrations 100 times above the IC50 for angiotensin II receptor and showing an IOP‐lowering effect. Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) eye drops have potential as a new class of glaucoma drugs.
Human papillomavirus infection plays a role in conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Ramberg Ingvild , Møller‐Hansen Michael , Toft Peter Bjerre , Funding Mikkel , Heegaard Steffen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to study the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma. Furthermore, we aimed to explore whether geographical differences or different detection modalities are associated with the conflicting information regarding HPV and the development of the disease.MethodsWe searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus databases for studies reporting on HPV and conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia or carcinoma. The pooled prevalence proportions, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated assuming a random‐effects model. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression explored possible sources of heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 39 studies were included in the systematic review. The pooled prevalence of HPV in conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma was 26%, with HPV16, 18, and 33 being the most frequently reported genotypes. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was associated with an increased risk of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma (OR 8.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.7–19.1); lower in studies from African countries (OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.9–3.5) than other countries (OR 16.1, 95% CI 5.8–44.3), p = 0.013.ConclusionHuman papillomavirus infection increases the odds of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma by 8.4 compared to healthy conjunctival mucosa or other ocular surface diseases. There seem to be geographical differences regarding HPV in conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma. HPV16 was the most prevalent genotype, followed by HPV18 and HPV33, meaning that most of the HPV‐related conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma may be prevented by the HPV vaccines that are currently available.
Treatment effect with 2 photorefractive intrastromal cross‐linking protocols in low‐grade myopia through 24‐month follow‐up
Authors: Näslund Sofie , Fredriksson Anneli , Alm Anna , Rehnman Jeannette Beckman , Behndig Anders 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo assess the effect of two high‐oxygen epi‐on PiXL treatments for low‐grade myopia.MethodsThis prospective, randomized, intra‐individually comparing, single‐masked study included 23 healthy volunteers (46 eyes) aged 18–35 years with mild myopia, −0.75 to −2.50 D manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE). One eye was randomized to a 4.0‐mm homogenous treatment zone and the fellow eye to a 4.0‐mm annular zone (16:40 min at 30 mW/cm2, fluence 15 J/cm2). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), MRSE, best spectacle‐corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), Scheimpflug light scattering depths, mean keratometry (Kmean) and endothelial cell count (ECC) were assessed through 24 months.ResultsSimilar improvements in UDVA were seen for the homogeneous and annular protocols at 1 month: −0.52 (−0.59, −0.39) and −0.49 (−0.59, −0.39) logMAR, respectively (medians and interquartile ranges, IQR), p = 0.91, and MRSE: +1.0 D (0.94, 1.31) and +1.0 D (0.69, 1.25), p = 0.17. Light scattering depths were 496 (465, 527) and 349 (247, 378) µm, respectively, and the reduction in mean keratometry was −0.8 D (−1.1, −0.7) and 0 D (−0.1, 0.1), p < 0.001. The treatment effect remained stable throughout 24 months. At 1 week, the participants reported less ocular discomfort with the annular protocol. No reductions were seen in BSCVA or ECC. No adverse events were reported.ConclusionPiXL can reduce low‐grade myopia and improve uncorrected vision in healthy eyes. The initial ocular discomfort may be reduced with an annular treatment zone. Further studies are needed to optimize PiXL treatment parameters.
Association between ocular biometrical parameters and diabetic retinopathy in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Lanhua , Liu Sen , Wang Wei , He Miao , Mo Zhiyin , Gong Xia , Xiong Kun , Li Yuting , Huang Wenyong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeThe influence of myopia and ocular biometry parameters on diabetic retinopathy (DR) needs further clarification. We aimed to investigate the association between ocular biometrical parameters and DR in Chinese people with diabetes mellitus (DM) without any ocular intervention.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited type 2 DM patients with no history of ocular treatment in Guangzhou, China. The ocular biometrical parameters were obtained by Lenstar (LS900, Haag‐Streit AG, Koeniz, Switzerland), including corneal diameter, central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature (CC), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and axial length (AL). The lens power and axial length‐to‐cornea radius ratio (AL/CR ratio) were calculated. Spherical equivalent (SE) was determined by auto‐refraction after pupil dilation. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the associations of ocular biometry with any DR and vision threatening DR (VTDR).ResultsA total of 1838 patients were included in the final analysis, involving 1455 (79.2%) patients without DR and 383(20.8%) patients with DR. After adjusting confounding factors, any DR was independently associated with AL (odds ratio (OR) 0.84 per 1 mm increase, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74, 0.94) and AL/CR ratio (OR 0.26 per 1 increase, 95%CI: 0.10, 0.70). Similarly, the presence of VTDR was independently related to AL (OR 0.67 per 1 mm increase, 95%CI: 0.54, 0.85) and AL/CR ratio (OR 0.04 per 1 increase, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.25). The lens power may not be significantly correlated with presence of any DR or VTDR. The CC, corneal diameter and refractive status were not significantly correlated with presence of DR or VTDR.ConclusionLonger AL and higher AL/CR ratio may be protective factors against the occurrence and progression of DR. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to verify if refractive status and AL‐associated parameters contribute to the occurrence and progression of DR in type 2 DM.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐α agents in inflammatory bowel disease: Limits and improvements
Authors: Giráldez‐Montero José María , Gonzalez‐Lopez Jaime , Campos‐Toimil Manuel , Lamas‐Díaz María Jesús 
Published: November 2020

AimsSince the publication of the American Gastroenterological Association's recommendations in 2017, there have been no significant changes in the biological monitoring recommendations in inflammatory bowel disease. Possible limitations are the lack of evidence to recommend proactive therapeutic drug monitoring (pTDM) over reactive TDM (rTDM), and the limited information about individualized dosing methods. This article aims to review the TDM strategy updates and the use of individualized dosing methods.MethodsFor the analysis of the TDM strategies and individualized dosing method, a search was carried out in PubMed and Cochrane Central. In the TDM case, since August 2017.ResultsA total of 263 publications were found, but only 7 related to proactive TDM. Five of these publications directly compared pTDM vs rTDM and 2 were randomized clinical trials. Six studies found benefits of pTDM and 1 found no differences. Regarding the individualized dosing method, 229 distinct results were found. Population pharmacokinetics was the most widely used method to develop individual dosage models and to analyse the influence of factors on drug concentrations (albumin concentration, weight, presence of anti‐drug antibodies etc).ConclusionWe have found no major changes in TDM strategies. There is a growing trend towards the use of pTDM because it has shown a longer duration of treatment response, lower rates of discontinuation and relapses. However, the available evidence is limited and of low quality. Despite the common use of population pharmacokinetic methods to analyse pharmacokinetic factors, they are not commonly used for personalized dosing.
A synthesis of knowledge about motives for participation in perpetual conservation easements
Authors: Kemink Kaylan M. , Adams Vanessa M. , Pressey Robert L. , Walker Johann A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPerpetual conservation easements are a popular method in some countries for addressing conservation goals. Landowner participation plays a key role in the development of these agreements. Despite the importance of involvement by landowners, no recent efforts have been made to synthesize information about the motivations for participation in perpetual easement programs. As a result, the literature lacks a framework to guide future case studies that would facilitate comparisons and generalizations. To this end, we reviewed 43 studies that investigated individual motivations to participate in perpetual conservation easements, and categorized motivations using Ostrom's social–ecological framework. We identified a strong tendency among studies to focus only on local‐scale processes involving landowners, with little consideration of broader‐scale influences. We also highlight several cross‐study trends and gaps in the literature where future research would prove valuable.
Current understanding and future implications of sepsis‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Ghimire Subash , Ravi Swapna , Budhathoki Rasmita , Arjyal Lubina , Hamal Savyata , Bista Amir , Khadka Sushmita , Uprety Dipesh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSepsis is a global health burden that needs intensive medical care. Thrombocytopenia in sepsis is well known to increase morbidity as well as mortality. Several studies have been performed both in animal models and in humans to understand the mechanism by which sepsis causes thrombocytopenia. Recent studies have shown that inhibiting thrombocytopenia improves outcomes in sepsis patients. Understanding these mechanisms to identify targets in use of newer treatment modalities besides using resuscitation measures, antibiotics and removal of thrombocytopenia inducing agent could potentially help us improve outcomes in sepsis.
Writing grief, breathing hope
Authors: Kivinen Nina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis is an essay in three parts on writing differently, on grief and on breathing. The first part I wrote in one go, embodied and raw. The second part was written over two months, reflecting on my earlier words. The third part argues for the importance of writing differently. I write for hope. Hope is to voice that which has remained silent. Hope is to recognise the full human experience both in our research, our teaching and in our universities. Hope is the creation of different encounters, of momentary affective spaces with the potentiality of alternative endings.
Implicit and explicit fat bias among adolescents from two US populations varying by obesity prevalence
Authors: Cullin Jennifer M. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryBackgroundResearch shows that explicit (reported) and implicit (unconscious) bias are distinct constructs varying by socioecological context. Implicit bias better predicts poor health outcomes related to chronic psychosocial stress.ObjectivesVariation in fat bias was identified in two populations of adolescents in Indiana counties with relatively high (Lawrence) and low (Monroe) obesity prevalence.MethodsAdolescents (n = 185) aged 14‐18 years were recruited October 2017‐2018. Explicit fat bias was measured using the Attitudes Towards Obese Persons (ATOP) scale. Implicit fat bias was measured using the obesity attitude implicit association test (IAT).ResultsBoth samples scored high on the ATOP, indicating more positive reported attitudes towards persons with obesity, and scores did not differ between counties (P > .05) after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and BMI‐for‐age percentile. Both samples demonstrated unconscious anti‐fat bias, with Monroe exhibiting significantly higher IAT scores (ie, greater anti‐fat bias) than Lawrence after controlling for confounders (P = .039).ConclusionDifferences between explicit and implicit fat‐bias were observed. Both samples reported positive attitudes towards obesity but also demonstrated unconscious anti‐fat bias. Unconscious anti‐fat bias was significantly higher in the county with lower prevalence of obesity, suggesting epidemiological context may influence implicit fat bias. Higher obesity prevalence may reduce unconscious anti‐fat bias in a population or, alternatively, lower obesity prevalence may increase such bias.
Sept ans après le Rana Plaza: des initiatives transnationales novatrices et l'ébauche d'un nouveau traité
Authors: TREBILCOCK Anne 
Published: November 2020

RésuméAprès le drame du Rana Plaza, plusieurs initiatives intéressantes ont fait évoluer le droit transnational du travail. Certaines, soutenues par l'OIT, ont été plutôt efficaces, sans toutefois parvenir à transformer durablement le secteur du prêt‐à‐porter, où les pratiques d'achat des marques mondiales empêchent d'investir dans la sécurité et la santé au travail. Le traité sur les entreprises et les droits de l'homme en cours d'élaboration sous l'égide de l'ONU semble prometteur à cet égard, pour autant qu'il soit associé à un arsenal de mesures publiques et privées à différents niveaux et qu'il tienne compte des enseignements tirés des initiatives prises depuis la catastrophe.
Foster father identity: A theoretical framework
Authors: Mallette Jacquelyn K. , Richardson Evin W. , Futris Ted G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFoster fathers, who care for and have a unique opportunity to positively influence the at‐risk children who are placed in their home, may struggle to establish a salient foster father identity due to a lack of societal clarity about their role and conflicting views about their importance within the child welfare system. However, we lack theoretical and empirical knowledge on foster fathering. Thus, a nuanced conceptual understanding of the factors and processes that influence the development of foster father identity, which influences the health and involvement of the father–child relationship, would provide insight into supporting foster fathers in establishing healthy, involved relationships with foster children. In this article, we summarize the existing literature on fatherhood and father identity in general; introduce a theoretical framework describing the unique role, identity, and experiences of foster fathers in the United States; and propose recommendations and implications for future research.
Predicting In‐Hospital Mortality in COVID‐19 Older Patients with Specifically Developed Scores
Authors: Covino Marcello , De Matteis Giuseppe , Burzo Maria Livia , Russo Andrea , Forte Evelina , Carnicelli Annamaria , Piccioni Andrea , Simeoni Benedetta , Gasbarrini Antonio , Franceschi Francesco , Sandroni Claudio ,   GEMELLI AGAINST COVID‐19 Group
Published: November 2020

Background/ObjectivesSeveral scoring systems have been specifically developed for risk stratification in COVID‐19 patients.DesignWe compared, in a cohort of confirmed COVID‐19 older patients, three specifically developed scores with a previously established early warning score. Main endpoint was all causes in‐hospital death.SettingThis is a single‐center, retrospective observational study, conducted in the Emergency Department (ED) of an urban teaching hospital, referral center for COVID‐19.ParticipantsWe reviewed the clinical records of the confirmed COVID‐19 patients aged 60 years or more consecutively admitted to our ED over a 6‐week period (March 1st to April 15th, 2020). A total of 210 patients, aged between 60 and 98 years were included in the study cohort.MeasurementsInternational Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Consortium Clinical Characterization Protocol‐Coronavirus Clinical Characterization Consortium (ISARIC‐4C) score, COVID‐GRAM Critical Illness Risk Score (COVID‐GRAM), quick COVID‐19 Severity Index (qCSI), National Early Warning Score (NEWS).ResultsMedian age was 74 (67–82) and 133 (63.3%) were males. Globally, 42 patients (20.0%) deceased. All the score evaluated showed a fairly good predictive value with respect to in‐hospital death. The ISARIC‐4C score had the highest area under ROC curve (AUROC) 0.799 (0.738–0.851), followed by the COVID‐GRAM 0.785 (0.723–0.838), NEWS 0.764 (0.700–0.819), and qCSI 0.749 (0.685–0.806). However, these differences were not statistical significant.ConclusionAmong the evaluated scores, the ISARIC‐4C and the COVID‐GRAM, calculated at ED admission, had the best performance, although the qCSI had similar efficacy by evaluating only three items. However, the NEWS, already widely validated in clinical practice, had a similar performance and could be appropriate for older patients with COVID‐19.