bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does protein unfolding play a functional role in vivo?
Authors: Sharma Sabita , Subramani Smrithika , Popa Ionel 
Published: August 2020

Unfolding and refolding of multidomain proteins under force have yet to be recognized as a major mechanism of function for proteins in vivo. In this review, we discuss the inherent properties of multidomain proteins under a force vector from a structural and functional perspective. We then characterize three main systems where multidomain proteins could play major roles through mechanical unfolding: muscular contraction, cellular mechanotransduction, and bacterial adhesion. We analyze how key multidomain proteins for each system can produce a gain‐of‐function from the perspective of a fine‐tuned quantized response, a molecular battery, delivery of mechanical work through refolding, elasticity tuning, protection and exposure of cryptic sites, and binding‐induced mechanical changes. Understanding how mechanical unfolding and refolding affect function will have important implications in designing mechano‐active drugs against conditions such as muscular dystrophy, cancer, or novel antibiotics.
Roles of nurses and National Nurses Associations in combating COVID‐19: Taiwan experience
Authors: Huang L.H. , Chen C.M. , Chen S.F. , Wang H.H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs the COVID‐19 pandemic continues to expand worldwide, Taiwan has effectively contained the spread domestically and protected its citizens after registering its first case relatively early on 21 January 2020. Proactive preparedness and deployment by the national government, timely evidence and experience‐based judgements and decision‐making, information transparency, rapid response, and effective communication and measures have all been critical to combating COVID‐19 in Taiwan. Nurses play a pivotal role in providing direct health care as well as providing contact tracing and care for the quarantined clients and community care services. The Taiwan Nurses Association and other nurses’ associations serve a vital leadership role in advocating for nurses, raising public awareness, enhancing nursing’s professional profile, and sharing experiences via national and international platforms. The implications for nursing and health policy are that we need to well prepare for any unpredicted emerging pandemic in the future. Providing adequate personal protective equipment and safe staffing should be the highest priority for the governments and policymakers around the world to combat pandemic successfully.
Adenovirus infection in children hospitalized with pneumonia in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Zou Lirong , Yi Lina , Yu Jianxiang , Song Yinchao , Liang Lijun , Guo Qianfang , Zhuang Xue , Zhang Yunqiang , Kang Min , Wu Jie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHAdV infection can cause a variety of diseases. Although infections with HAdVs often are mild, life‐threatening respiratory disease can occur. Pneumonia is one of the more serious types of HAdV‐induced respiratory disease in children. In this study, we determined the prevalence and genotype of HAdVs among children hospitalized with pneumonia in Guangzhou, China.MethodsNasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) were collected from children hospitalized with pneumonia in Guangzhou, China, from January 2013 to June 2019. HAdVs were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay, and hexon, fiber, and penton gene were amplified and used for phylogenetic analysis. Epidemiological data were analyzed using SPSS16.0 software.Results and ConclusionsA total of 1778 children hospitalized with pneumonia were enrolled. The overall HAdV detection rate was 3.26%. And the yearly detection rate varied from around 2.5% in 2013‐2017 to around 6% in 2018‐2019. Children >5 years had the highest HAdV infection rate. 92.86% of HAdV sequences obtained in this study were belonged to species B, and no recombination was observed. HAdV‐B7 and HAdV‐B3 were the common types detected in the study period, with the predominant HAdV genotype shifted from HAdV‐B3 in 2015‐2016 to HAdV‐B7 in 2017‐2018. The discrepancies in HAdV detection rates in different study period and changes of HAdV predominant types over time highlighted the importance of continued surveillance.
Potentially Inappropriate Medications Are Associated with Increased Healthcare Utilization and Costs
Authors: Clark Collin M. , Shaver Amy L. , Aurelio Leslie A. , Feuerstein Steven , Wahler Robert G. , Daly Christopher J. , Jacobs David M. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESTo examine the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescribing and its association with healthcare utilization and related expenditures utilizing nationally representative data from the United States.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGThe 2011–2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS).PARTICIPANTSCommunity‐dwelling sample of U.S. adults aged 65 and older during the first round of each MEPS cycle.MEASUREMENTSA qualified definition operationalized from the 2019 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria® was used to estimate the prevalence of PIM prescribing over the study period. Negative binomial models were assembled to examine associations between PIM exposure and healthcare utilization including hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, and outpatient provider visits. Generalized linear models with the log link function and gamma distribution were used to analyze associations between PIM exposure and healthcare expenditures. Sensitivity analyses were conducted utilizing inverse probability treatment weighting using propensity scores for being prescribed a PIM.RESULTSThe period prevalence of PIM prescribing over the 5‐year sample was 34.4%. PIM prescribing was positively associated with hospitalizations (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] = 1.17; 95 confidence interval [CI] = 1.08–1.26; P < .001), ED visits (aIRR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.17–1.35; P < .001), and outpatient provider visits (aIRR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.14–1.21; P < .001). PIM exposure was associated with higher marginal costs within outpatient visits ($116; 95% CI = $105–$243; P < .001), prescription medications ($128; 95% CI = $72–$199; P < .001), and total healthcare expenditures ($458; 95% CI = $295–$664; P < .001). Similar results were found in our propensity score analyses.CONCLUSIONPIMs continue to be prescribed at a high rate among older adults in the United States. Our results suggest that receipt of PIMs is associated with higher rates of healthcare utilization and increased costs across the healthcare continuum. Further work is needed to implement evidence‐based deprescribing interventions that may in turn reduce unnecessary healthcare utilization.
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunt: A single‐center study
Authors: Wang Yan , Yan Yani , Yang Zhenjuan , Wei Jun , Liu Guoli , Pei Qiuyan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo review our experience with the prenatal diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS).MethodsThis is a retrospective study of CPSS cases examined at an ultrasonographic tertiary referral center from 2013 to 2019. The anatomical origin and drainage of the shunt were assessed. Feto‐maternal clinical characteristics and long‐term outcomes were investigated via medical files and telephone interviews with the mothers.ResultsEleven cases were reviewed. Based on the anatomical origins, before or after portal vein division, cases were classified into extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS, n = 3, 27.3%) and intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (IHPSS, n = 8, 72.7%). Additional abnormalities were also observed in the EHPSS (n = 2, 66.7%) and IHPSS (n = 3, 37.5%) groups. Intrauterine growth restriction was the most common abnormality (n = 4, 80%). The median age of the pregnant women was 31.9 years (range 26 ~ 43 years). Most cases (n = 8, 72.7%) were diagnosed in the third trimester, and the median gestational age was 31+5 weeks (range 24 ~ 36+6 weeks). Three cases underwent karyotype examinations, and one had trisomy 13. The median time after birth was 2 years (range 0.7 ~ 5.7 years). The overall postnatal live‐birth rate was 60% (6/10), not including one case with no data on pregnancy outcome. The mothers of the six live births indicated that their children were in excellent health.ConclusionThis study indicates that prenatal CPSS diagnosis is feasible, especially in the third trimester. IHPSS is more common than EHPSS. Complicated cases most often occur with EHPSS. Intrauterine growth restriction is the most common concomitant abnormality. The prognosis of most cases is good.
Characterization of lignans in Forsythiae Fructus and their metabolites in rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Feng-xiang , Li Zi-ting , Li Chang , Li Min , Yao Zhi-hong , Yao Xin-sheng , Dai Yi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study was designed to profile the chemical information of Forsythiae Fructus (FF) and investigate the in-vivo FF-related xenobiotics, especially for lignans.

Methods
Rats were oral administrated of FF and pinoresinol-4-O-glucoside, respectively. Blood and urine samples were collected after ingestion, and xenobiotics was profiled by an UPLC/Qtof MS method.

Key findings
A total of 19 lignans were identified or tentatively characterized in FF, and 63 lignan-related xenobiotics were found in rat plasma and urine after ingestion of FF. It was found that lignans could be transformed into metabolites by furan ring opening, hydrogenation, demethylation, dehydration and phase II reactions (sulfation and glucuronidation). The whole metabolic behaviour of bisepoxylignan was revealed by evaluating the metabolism of pinoresinol-4-O-glucoside in vivo. It was found that the configuration of C-8/C-8ʹ was retained after furan ring opening and metabolic reactions always occurred at position of C-3/C-4/C-5 or C-3ʹ/C-4ʹ/C-5ʹ. Additionally, other types components in FF and in vivo were also characterized.

Conclusions
This work revealed the in-vivo metabolism of FF, and reported the characteristic metabolic reactions of lignans for the first time. It was also provided the foundation for the further investigation on pharmacodynamic components of FF or TCMs containing FF.
Potential proton pump inhibitor–related adverse effects
Authors: Perry Issac E. , Sonu Irene , Scarpignato Carmelo , Akiyama Junichi , Hongo Michio , Vega Kenneth J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most common medications taken by patients worldwide. PPIs are used to treat acid‐related disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, Helicobacter pylori infection, and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug/stress ulceration. For some of these diseases, long‐term treatment is necessary. With such prolonged use, concern and investigation into potential adverse effects has increased. In addition, data are available regarding potential anticancer effects of PPIs, especially regarding solid tumors. The aim of this review is to assess the literature on PPIs with regard to common concerns, such as drug–drug interactions, the intestinal microbiome, dementia and central nervous system disease, and osteoporosis, as well as to highlight potential negative and positive impacts of the drug in cancer.
Transcriptional profiling of lung macrophages during pulmonary injury induced by nitrogen mustard
Authors: Smith L. Cody , Venosa Alessandro , Gow Andrew J. , Laskin Jeffrey D. , Laskin Debra L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNitrogen mustard (NM) and sulfur mustard are cytotoxic alkylating agents that cause severe and progressive damage to the respiratory tract. Evidence indicates that macrophages play a key role in the acute inflammatory phase and the later resolution/profibrotic phase of the pathogenic response. These diverse roles are mediated by inflammatory macrophages broadly classified as M1 proinflammatory and M2 anti‐inflammatory that sequentially accumulate in the lung in response to injury. The goal of the present study was to identify signaling mechanisms contributing to macrophage activation in response to mustards. To accomplish this, we used RNA sequencing to analyze the gene expression profiles of lung macrophages isolated 1 and 28 days after intratracheal exposure of rats to NM (0.125 mg/kg) or phosphate‐buffered saline control. We identified 641 and 792 differentially expressed genes 1 and 28 days post‐NM exposure, respectively. These genes are primarily involved in processes related to cell movement and are regulated by cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ, and interleukin‐1β. Some of the most significantly enriched canonical pathways included STAT3 and NF‐κB signaling. These cytokines and pathways may represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention to mitigate mustard‐induced lung toxicity.
Organoleptic assessment and median lethal dose determination of oral aldicarb in rats
Authors: Rice Nathaniel C. , Rauscher Noah A. , Moffett Mark C. , Myers Todd M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAldicarb, a carbamate pesticide, is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, with oral median lethal dose (LD50) estimates in rats ranging from 0.46 to 0.93 mg/kg. A three‐phase approach was used to comprehensively assess aldicarb as an oral‐ingestion hazard. First, the solubility of aldicarb in popular consumer beverages (bottled water, apple juice, and 2% milk) was assessed. Lethality was then assessed by administering aldicarb in bottled water via gavage. A probit model was fit to 24‐h survival data and predicted a median lethal dose of 0.83 mg/kg (95% CI: 0.54–1.45 mg/kg; slope: 4.50). Finally, organoleptic properties (e.g., taste, smell, and texture) were assessed by allowing rats to voluntarily consume 3.0 mL of the above beverages as well as liquid eggs adulterated with aldicarb at various concentrations. This organoleptic assessment determined that aldicarb was readily consumed at lethal and supralethal doses. Overt toxic signs presented within 5 min post‐ingestion, and all rats died within 20 min after consuming the highest concentration (0.542 mg/mL), regardless of amount consumed. Because rats have more developed chemoreceptive capabilities than humans, these results suggest that aldicarb may be consumed in toxic or even lethal concentrations by humans in a variety of beverages or foods.
Ultra‐processed foods and the nutrition transition: Global, regional and national trends, food systems transformations and political economy drivers
Authors: Baker Phillip , Machado Priscila , Santos Thiago , Sievert Katherine , Backholer Kathryn , Hadjikakou Michalis , Russell Cherie , Huse Oliver , Bell Colin , Scrinis Gyorgy , Worsley Anthony , Friel Sharon , Lawrence Mark 
Published: August 2020

SummaryUnderstanding the drivers and dynamics of global ultra‐processed food (UPF) consumption is essential, given the evidence linking these foods with adverse health outcomes. In this synthesis review, we take two steps. First, we quantify per capita volumes and trends in UPF sales, and ingredients (sweeteners, fats, sodium and cosmetic additives) supplied by these foods, in countries classified by income and region. Second, we review the literature on food systems and political economy factors that likely explain the observed changes. We find evidence for a substantial expansion in the types and quantities of UPFs sold worldwide, representing a transition towards a more processed global diet but with wide variations between regions and countries. As countries grow richer, higher volumes and a wider variety of UPFs are sold. Sales are highest in Australasia, North America, Europe and Latin America but growing rapidly in Asia, the Middle East and Africa. These developments are closely linked with the industrialization of food systems, technological change and globalization, including growth in the market and political activities of transnational food corporations and inadequate policies to protect nutrition in these new contexts. The scale of dietary change underway, especially in highly populated middle‐income countries, raises serious concern for global health.
Older persons’ experiences of Reflective STRENGTH‐Giving Dialogues – ‘It's a push to move forward’
Authors: Åberg Cecilia , Berglund Mia , Hallgren Jenny , Gillsjö Catharina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRationaleExperiences of the innovative method Reflective STRENGTH‐Giving Dialogue (STRENGTH), which is grounded in a lifeworld perspective and developed to improve quality of care, is described in this study. Innovative thinking in developing health and social care, which may include digital solutions, is required to ensure a meaningful and dignified life in old age.AimThe aim of this study was to describe experiences of the intervention Reflective STRENGTH‐Giving Dialogue from the perspective of older persons living with long‐term health problems.MethodIndividual qualitative interviews were conducted with 27 older persons who participated in the intervention. The older persons wrote notes from each dialogue in booklets, and the booklets became part of the study data, analysed with a Reflective Lifeworld Research approach.ResultsSTRENGTH is experienced as an opportunity to reflect upon life and identify small and large life projects. Dialogues that lead to change in thoughts and actions influence the older persons' well‐being, sense of balance, joy and meaning in life. There is an experience of STRENGTH as a starting point and a push to move forward in an effort to experience joy and meaning in life when living with long‐term health problems.ConclusionsSTRENGTH has the potential to contribute to quality improvement in person‐centred care and enhance meaning in life for older persons living with long‐term health problems. However, the use of a digital tool in this particular context poses challenges that must be considered.
Committee Machine-Ensemble as a General Paradigm for Accurate Prediction of Bubble Point Pressure of Crude Oil
Authors: Rashidi Sina , Khajehesfandeari Mohammad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Bubble point pressure (BPP) not only is a basic pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) parameter for calculation nearly all of the crude oil characteristics, but also determines phase-type of oil reservoirs, gas-to-oil ratio, oil formation volume factor, inflow performance relationship, and so on. Since the measurement of BPP of crude oil is an expensive and time-consuming experiment, this study develops a committee machine-ensemble (CME) paradigm for accurate estimation of this parameter from solution gas-oil ratio, reservoir temperature, gas specific gravity, and stock-tank oil gravity. Our CME approach is designed using a linear combination of predictions of four different expert systems. Unknown coefficients of this combination are adjusted through minimizing deviation between actual BPPs and their associated predictions using differential evolution and genetic algorithm. Our proposed CME paradigm is developed using 380 PVT datasets for crude oils from different geological regions. This novel intelligent paradigm estimates available experimental databank with excellent accuracy i.e., absolute average relative deviation (AARD) of 6.06% and regression coefficient (R2) of 0.98777. Accurate prediction of BPP using our CME paradigm decreases the risk of producing from a two-phase region of oil reservoirs.
Comprehensive Studies on Hot Compaction and Vibration-Assisted Compaction Tests of Aluminum Powder
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Song Shutao , Chen Quanfang , Bai Yuanli 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aluminum powder compaction was studied using both test and simulation. Cold compaction, hot compaction, and vibration-assisted (cold) compaction tests were conducted to achieve different density ratios. First, the hot compaction test (at 300 °C, compression pressure 140 MPa) improved about 6% compared with cold compaction under the same compression pressure. Second, although the relative density ratio does not obviously improve at a vibration-assisted (cold) compaction, the strength of the specimens made under vibration loading is much better than those of cold compaction. Additionally, finite element models with well-calibrated Drucker–Prager Cap (DPC) material constitutive model were built in abaqus/standard to simulate the powder compaction process. The results of the finite element model have very good correlations with test results up to the tested range, and this finite element model further predicts the loading conditions needed to achieve the higher density ratios. Two exponential equations of the predicted density ratio were obtained by combining the test data and the simulation results. A new analytical solution was developed to predict the axial pressure versus the density ratio for the powder compaction according to DPC material model. The results between the analytical solution and the simulation model have a very good match.
Online Chatter Detection for Milling Operations Using LSTM Neural Networks Assisted by Motor Current Signals of Ball Screw Drives
Authors: Vashisht Rajiv Kumar , Peng Qingjin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor certain combinations of cutter spinning speeds and cutting depths in milling operations, self-excited vibrations or chatter of the milling tool are generated. The chatter deteriorates the surface finish of the workpiece and reduces the useful working life of the tool. In the past, extensive work has been reported on chatter detections based on the tool deflection and sound generated during the milling process, which is costly due to the additional sensor and circuitry required. On the other hand, the manual intervention is necessary to interpret the result. In the present research, online chatter detection based on the current signal applied to the ball screw drive (of the CNC machine) has been proposed and evaluated. There is no additional sensor required. Dynamic equations of the process are improved to simulate vibration behaviors of the milling tool during chatter conditions. The sequence of applied control signals for a particular feed rate is decided based on known physical and control parameters of the ball screw drive. The sequence of the applied control signal to the ball screw drive for a particular feed rate can be easily calculated. Hence, costly experimental data are eliminated. Long short-term memory neural networks are trained to detect the chatter based on the simulated sequence of control currents. The trained networks are then used to detect chatter, which shows 98% of accuracy in experiments.
Effects of Postweld Heat Treatment on the Phase Transformation and Mechanical Behavior of NiTi Ultrasonic Spot Welded Joints With Al Interlayer
Authors: Li Chunjie , Ao Sansan , Oliveira J. P. , Zeng Zhi , Cui Huijie , Luo Zhen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The influence of postweld heat treatments (PWHTs) on the phase transformation characteristics, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties of ultrasonic spot welded NiTi alloy with Al interlayer was investigated. At room temperature, the as-welded joints were fully austenitic, while the microstructure of welded joint after PWHT at 450 °C consisted of a mixture of martensite and austenite. The transformation temperatures were found to increase after the PWHT. Transmission electron microscope analysis shows that Al3Ti intermetallic compounds were formed on the Al side of the Al/NiTi interface after the PWHT at 450 °C for 90 min. Furthermore, finely dispersed nanoscale Ni4Ti3 precipitates were observed in the joint. These nanoscale precipitates resulted in an increase in the transformation temperatures and improved the mechanical properties of the PWHT material. During lap shear test, the as-welded samples failed in a brittle manner in the NiTi alloy, while the PWHT samples failed in the Al interlayer and exhibited ductile-like fracture characteristics.