bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbially induced chromium isotope fractionation and trace elements behavior in lower Cambrian microbialites from the Jaíba Member, Bambuí Basin, Brazil
Authors: Uhlein Gabriel J. , Caxito Fabrício A. , Frei Robert , Uhlein Alexandre , Sial Alcides N. , Dantas Elton L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn east‐central Brazil, the Ediacaran‐Cambrian Bambuí Basin has the potential to provide a record of unique geochemical responses of Earth's ocean and atmosphere evolution during this key time interval. From this perspective, we studied an interval of the upper Bambuí Basin using sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and chemostratigraphic tools. The lower Cambrian Jaíba Member of the uppermost Serra da Saudade Formation is an interval of up to 60 m‐thick of carbonate rocks disposed into two shallowing upward trends. Inner to outer ramp and high‐energy shoal deposits are described, in which laminated microbialites are the prevailing sedimentary facies. REE + Y data suggest contamination by iron (oxy)hydroxides that are dissociated from the riverine detritic flux. Sedimentary iron enrichment may be related to the settling of iron nanoparticles in coastal environments, diagenetic iron mobilization, or both. MREE enrichment is caused by microbial degradation of organic matter in the iron reduction zone during the anoxic early‐diagenetic stage. Chromium isotopes yielded negatively fractionated values (δ53Cr = −0.69 to −0.27‰), probably resulting from biotic and abiotic reduction of dissolved Cr(VI) to light and less toxic Cr(III) within pores of microbial mats. The δ53Cr data of the Jaíba microbialite are thus a product of metabolic reactions in microbial mats and do not reflect seawater signal. The isotopic offset from seawater is feasible from molecular diffusion of Cr into pore water and reduction reactions occurring deep inside the mat, although the exact mechanism and consequences are not yet fully understood due to the poor preservation of metabolic reactions in the geological record. Our study suggests that Cr isotopes can be used to reconstruct Cr and other metals cycling within ancient microbial mats, and that caution should be taken when using past microbialites to infer seawater Cr records and redox state of the atmosphere and ocean.
Whither the State? The Oslo Peace Process and Neoliberal Configurations of Palestine
Authors: Morrison Suzanne 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThis article considers the raison d'être of international institutions in the occupied Palestinian territories during the Oslo period (1993–2000) and discusses how these institutions have shaped the notion of a future Palestinian state through their policy recommendations and development projects.MethodsDrawing on neo‐Gramscian concepts of hegemony and internationalization of the state this project analyzes the Oslo peace process through primary source data and information in the Oslo Accords as well as the official reports and publications of the major international development and financial organizations involved in the Palestinian territories.ResultsThrough policy recommendations, development projects, and donor funding and aid coordination, international institutions set in motion the neoliberal conceptualization and configuration of Palestine during the Oslo process.ConclusionI conclude with a review of the findings, as illustrated throughout the article, and emphasize that Palestine's conceptualization will continue to be rooted in the development of the neoliberal condition as long as a political process that would lead to Palestinian self‐determination and an end the conflict is not pursued.
Evolución de la política de cambio climático en Colombia
Authors: Guardela Contreras Luis Magin 
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo, es resultado del avance de la investigación doctoral denominada: “Sostenibilidad ambiental urbana en el Caribe Colombiano: análisis jurídico-administrativo de las actuaciones realizadas por los Distritos del Caribe Colombiano para lograr la mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático”, la cual dentro de sus objetivos trazó analizar la política pública de cambio climático, acotando los avances en la consolidación de una visión y, en consecuencia, la formulación de la misma. Para lograr este objetivo se utilizó una metodología de corte jurídico, analítico y descriptivo con enfoque predominante cualitativo, cuyo insumo primario fueron las medidas jurídico-administrativas adoptadas por los estamentos políticos-administrativos en relación al objeto de estudio. Del cual se concluye que para hacer efectiva la visión preventiva (mitigación) y adaptativa para afrontar el fenómeno, se debe realizar: a) La articulación efectiva de las entidades que integran la gestión pública del Estado Colombiano; b) la inclusión efectiva de rubros presupuestales sobre cambio climático en las entidades públicas de todo los niveles, en razón de la transversalidad de la política pública, y; c) el reforzamiento de las apuestas en las variables de mitigación y adaptación en los instrumentos de planificación del territorio, desarrollo socioeconómico y la gestión del riesgo de desastres.
Is COVID-19–Induced Platelet Activation a Cause of Concern for Patients with Cancer?
Authors: Lichtenberger Lenard M. , Vijayan K. Vinod 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Patients with cancer are more susceptible to be infected by SARS-CoV-2 and develop severe outcomes including ICU admittance, mechanical ventilator support, and a high rate of mortality. Like mid-to late-stage cancer, SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with platelet hyperactivity, systemic inflammation, thrombotic complications, and coagulopathy. Platelets also promote cancer cell growth, survival in circulation, and angiogenesis at sites of metastases. In this article, we will discuss the potential for platelets in the development of systemic inflammation and thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2–infected patients with cancer, with the concern that the platelet-induced pathogenic events are likely magnified in cancer patients with COVID-19.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Survival after Breast Cancer Diagnosis by Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Status: A Pooled Analysis
Authors: John Esther M. , McGuire Valerie , Kurian Allison W. , Koo Jocelyn , Shariff-Marco Salma , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Cheng Iona , Keegan Theresa H.M. , Kwan Marilyn L. , Bernstein Leslie , Vigen Cheryl , Wu Anna H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground:Limited studies have investigated racial/ethnic survival disparities for breast cancer defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status in a multiethnic population.Methods:Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, we assessed associations of race/ethnicity with ER/PR-specific breast cancer mortality in 10,366 California women diagnosed with breast cancer from 1993 to 2009. We evaluated joint associations of race/ethnicity, health care, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors with mortality.Results:Among women with ER/PR+ breast cancer, breast cancer–specific mortality was similar among Hispanic and Asian American women, but higher among African American women [HR, 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.63] compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) women. Breast cancer–specific mortality was modified by surgery type, hospital type, education, neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), smoking history, and alcohol consumption. Among African American women, breast cancer–specific mortality was higher among those treated at nonaccredited hospitals (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.21–2.04) and those from lower SES neighborhoods (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.16–1.88) compared with NHW women without these characteristics. Breast cancer–specific mortality was higher among African American women with at least some college education (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.11–1.82) compared with NHW women with similar education. For ER−/PR− disease, breast cancer–specific mortality did not differ by race/ethnicity and associations of race/ethnicity with breast cancer–specific mortality varied only by neighborhood SES among African American women.Conclusions:Racial/ethnic survival disparities are more striking for ER/PR+ than ER−/PR− breast cancer. Social determinants and lifestyle factors may explain some of the survival disparities for ER/PR+ breast cancer.Impact:Addressing these factors may help reduce the higher mortality of African American women with ER/PR+ breast cancer.
A Temple of “The Mistress of the Sea” That Was Far from the Shore (the Iseum in Beneventum)
Authors: Tomashevich Olga V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the region of Campania as a zone of contact between Rome and Egypt, especially with regard to the cult of Egyptian Isis. Her cult first penetrates into port cities: Puteoli, Pompeii and, possibly at an even earlier date, Cumae. Later Rome, as the capital of the empire, affected each and every thing, including the spread of Isidic cult. The focus of our attention is the Iseum in Beneventum built by Domitian who obviously liked to present himself as a dominus et deus in a truly pharaonic spirit.
Cyprus as a Contact Zone in the 1st Millennium AD
Authors: Lund John 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Using Cyprus as a case study, the present contribution applies a diachronic perspective to the notion of contact zones as a means to explore some of the implications of this concept for an island. The geographic distribution of ceramic imports to Cyprus during the 1st millennium reveals a fairly consistent pattern through time, which seems to be more or less similar to what has been suggested for earlier periods in the island’s history. This suggests that the points of contact were determined more by geographical proximity and ease of communication than by human factors. The Cypriots themselves seem to have played a less active role on the overseas markets in the 1st millennium AD than before, and it is tentatively proposed that it might have been the island’s loss of control of her mines in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods that led to a decline in the direct involvement of Cypriots in overseas trade.
Time to Get Serious about Combating Forced Labour and Human Trafficking in Fisheries
Authors: Becker-Weinberg Vasco 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The connection between forced labour and human trafficking and fisheries, particularly illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing, is vile and highly profitable, and may be found in most parts of the world. A fishing vessel can be a place of abuse more extreme than any other onshore. At sea, it is out of sight for long periods of time, with little or no opportunity for fishers to escape. The working and living conditions on board are often simply described as inhumane. Combating labour exploitation in fisheries raises many complex multijurisdictional challenges, most of which, if not all, could be circumvented if States were serious about addressing this phenomenon. This article examines these challenges and the relevant international legal framework, particularly the 2007 Work in Fishing Convention and the 2014 Protocol to the Forced Labour Convention, against the background of the law of the sea and international human rights law.
Right of Entry: The Struggle over Recognition in the World of Intelligence
Authors: Amicelle Anthony 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article aims to question the birth, and subsequent search for recognition, of a new type of intelligence agency, which appeared in the early 1990s and is now institutionalised in a vast majority of states across the world: “Financial intelligence units”. It sheds light for the first time on the modalities of access of one of these agencies to the field of security. Following Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory, it thus raises the question of the “right of entry” of a new actor to a specific social universe, e.g. “the conditions and modalities for access to a particular ‘field’ at a given time in its history”. Understanding how such intelligence agencies take shape, function and interact with the security-related recipients of their intelligence is crucial for at least two reasons, regarding the policing of illicit capital and associated crimes, and the use of intelligence in contemporary strategies of social control.
Interactions between Water Vapor, Potential Vorticity, and Vertical Wind Shear in Quasi-Geostrophic Motions: Implications for Rotational Tropical Motion Systems
Authors: Adames Ángel F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA linear two-layer model is used to elucidate the role of prognostic moisture on quasigeostrophic (QG) motions in the presence of a mean thermal wind (). Solutions to the basic equations reveal two instabilities that can explain the growth of moist QG systems. The well-documented baroclinic instability is characterized by growth at the synoptic scale (horizontal scale of ~1000 km) and systems that grow from this instability tilt against the shear. Moisture–vortex instability—an instability that occurs when moisture and lower-tropospheric vorticity exhibit an in-phase component—exists only when moisture is prognostic. The instability is also strongest at the synoptic scale, but systems that grow from it exhibit a vertically stacked structure. When moisture is prognostic and is easterly, baroclinic instability exhibits a pronounced weakening while moisture vortex instability is amplified. The strengthening of moisture–vortex instability at the expense of baroclinic instability is due to the baroclinic () component of the lower-tropospheric flow. In westward-propagating systems, lower-tropospheric westerlies associated with an easterly advect anomalous moisture and the associated convection toward the low-level vortex. The advected convection causes the vertical structure of the wave to shift away from one that favors baroclinic instability to one that favors moisture–vortex instability. On the other hand, a westerly reinforces the phasing between moisture and vorticity necessary for baroclinic instability to occur. Based on these results, it is hypothesized that moisture–vortex instability is an important instability in humid regions of easterly such as the South Asian and West African monsoons.
Silent cerebral infarcts in patients with sickle cell disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Houwing Maite E. , Grohssteiner Rowena L. , Dremmen Marjolein H. G. , Atiq Ferdows , Bramer Wichor M. , de Pagter Anne P. J. , Zwaan C. Michel , White Tonya J. H. , Vernooij Meike W. , Cnossen Marjon H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeSilent cerebral infarcts (SCIs) are the most common neurological complication in children and adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). In this systematic review, we provide an overview of studies that have detected SCIs in patients with SCD by cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We focus on the frequency of SCIs, the risk factors involved in their development and their clinical consequences.MethodsThe databases of Embase, MEDLINE ALL via Ovid, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Trials via Wiley and Google Scholar were searched from inception to June 1, 2019.ResultsThe search yielded 651 results of which 69 studies met the eligibility criteria. The prevalence of SCIs in patients with SCD ranges from 5.6 to 80.6% with most studies reported in the 20 to 50% range. The pooled prevalence of SCIs in HbSS and HbSβ0SCD patients is 29.5%. SCIs occur more often in patients with the HbSS and HbSβ0genotype in comparison with other SCD genotypes, as SCIs are found in 9.2% of HbSC and HbSβ+patients. Control subjects showed a mean pooled prevalence of SCIs of 9.8%. Data from included studies showed a statistically significant association between increasing mean age of the study population and mean SCI prevalence. Thirty-three studies examined the risk factors for SCIs. The majority of the risk factors show no clear association with prevalence, since more or less equal numbers of studies give evidence for and against the causal association.ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta-analysis shows SCIs are common in patients with SCD. No clear risk factors for their development were identified. Larger, prospective and controlled clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies are needed to understand how SCD and SCIs affect cognition.
Parasitic neutron beam monitoring: Proof of concept on gamma monitoring of neutron chopper phases
Authors: Issa F. , Hall-Wilton R. , Quintanilla A. , Olsson M. , Zielinski D. , Kanaki K. , Tsapatsaris N. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Neutron beam monitors are an essential diagnostic component of neutron scattering facilities. They are used to measure neutron flux, calibrating experiments performed on the instruments, allowing measurement of facility performance, understanding of the effect on the neutrons of beam-line components (such as choppers), calibration of detectors and tracking of beam stability. Ideally beam monitors should not perturb the beam. Previous work shows commercial beam monitors attenuate the beam by a few percent in the worst case due to the 1–2 mm thick aluminium entrance and exit windows and the material inside. Parasitic methods of neutron beam diagnostics, where there is no beam monitor directly in the beam, would be preferable. This paper presents the concept of a parasitic method of monitoring the beam which can be used for neutron chopper phasing. This is achieved by placing a gamma detector close to a rotating chopper and measuring a signal proportional to the flux absorbed by the chopper. Neutrons interact with the boron absorber on the chopper disc leading to gamma emission at 480 keV. Detection of these gamma rays is used to determine the chopper phasing and timing. Potentially information on the flux of the beamline can be extracted. Results from a proof of concept implementation show that diagnosis of neutron chopper phases is feasible.
Exploring the perspectives of people post-stroke, carers and healthcare professionals to inform the development of an intervention to improve cognitive impairment post-stroke
Authors: O' Donoghue Mairéad , Boland Pauline , Leahy Siobhan , Galvin Rose , Hayes Sara 
Published: December 2020

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cognitive impairment is common post-stroke and can result in negative sequalae such as a lower quality of life, increased carer burden and increased healthcare costs. Despite the prevalence and associated burden of post-stroke cognitive impairment, there is uncertainty regarding the optimum intervention to improve cognitive function post-stroke. By exploring the perspectives of people post-stroke, carers and healthcare professionals on cognitive impairment, this qualitative study aims to inform the design and development of an intervention to rehabilitate cognitive impairment post-stroke. Methods: A qualitative descriptive approach will be applied, using semi-structured interviews with people post-stroke, carers and healthcare professionals. People post-stroke will be recruited via gatekeepers from a local stroke support group and Headway, a brain injury support service. Carers will be recruited via a gatekeeper from a local carers branch. Healthcare professionals will be recruited via gatekeepers from relevant neurological sites and via Twitter. The final number of participants recruited will be guided by information power. Data will be collectively analysed and synthesised using thematic analysis. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) guidelines will be used to standardize the conduct and reporting of the research. Conclusions: It is anticipated that exploring the perspectives of people post-stroke, carers and healthcare professionals on cognitive impairment post-stroke will inform the development of an evidence-based optimal intervention to rehabilitate cognitive deficits post-stroke. This study was granted ethical approval from the Faculty of Education and Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee at the University of Limerick. Study findings will be disseminated locally through presentations at stroke support groups, as well as internationally through academic conferences and peer-reviewed journals.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ФИНАНСОВОЙ СФЕРЫ РЕГИОНОВ РФ В УСЛОВИЯХ НАРАСТАНИЯ ВНЕШНИХ УГРОЗ
Authors: Zakharchuk Ekaterina Aleksandrovna 
Published: December 2020

В последние годы угрозы социально-экономическому развитию как Российской Федерации в целом, так и отдельным регионам нарастают в значительной степени. В первую очередь это отражается на финансовой сфере, поскольку политика санкций в отношении России, в первую очередь, основана на блокировании возможностей использования различных финансовых инструментов за рубежом. Дальнейшее нарастание угроз может привести к различным формам чрезвычайных ситуаций в экономике и финансовой сфере. В то же время, малоизученным остается вопрос влияния специальных режимов на финансовую сферу отдельных регионов, которое может быть разнородным в зависимости от возможностей территорий.Цель исследования – выделить для финансовой сферы отдельных регионов возможные последствия, связанные с нарастанием внешних угроз и введения специальных режимов хозяйствования.Методы исследования: в работе использованы методы анализа и исторических аналогий, применены общенаучные методы сравнений и экстраполяции.Результаты: на основе обобщения зарубежного и российского опыта введения экономических санкций против отдельных стран, выделены наиболее вероятные виды санкционных режимов против России в финансово-экономической сфере. Также автором определен вероятный сценарий изменений в финансовой сфере в случае введения специальных режимов хозяйствования в РФ, а также возможное влияние на отдельные регионы РФ. Выделены параметры финансовых ограничений и основные характеристики функционирования денежно-кредитной системы в данные периоды времени, определены базовые условия изменений в социально-экономической сфере регионов РФ.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты могут быть использованы в работе органов государственной власти при учете последствий от введения санкций и чрезвычайных режимов в региональной привязке.
Augmented reality display system using modulated moiré imaging technique
Authors: Lou Yimin , Hu Juanmei , Chen Aixi , Wu Fengmin 
Published: December 2020

To enhance the depth rendering ability of augmented reality (AR) display systems, a modulated moiré imaging technique is used to render the true three-dimensional (3D) images for AR display systems. 3D images with continuous depth information and large depth of field are rendered and superimposed on the real scene. The proposed AR system consists of a modulated moiré imaging subsystem and an optical combiner. The modulated moiré imaging subsystem employs modulated point light sources, a display device, and a microlens array to generate 3D images. A defocussing equal period moiré imaging structure is used, which gives a chance for the point light sources to modulate the depth position of 3D images continuously. The principles of the imaging system are deduced analytically. A custom-designed transparent off-axis spherical reflective lens is used as an optical combiner to project the 3D images into the real world. An experimental AR system that provides continuous 3D images with depth information ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 m is made to verify the feasibility of the proposed technique.
Spatiotemporal plane wave expansion method for arbitrary space–time periodic photonic media
Authors: Park Jagang , Min Bumki 
Published: December 2020

We have derived a systematic method to calculate the photonic band structures and mode field profiles of arbitrary space–time periodic media by adopting the plane wave expansion method and extending to the space–time domain. We have applied the proposed method to a photonic crystal with time periodic permittivity, i.e., the Floquet photonic crystal, and showed that the method efficiently predicts driving-induced opening of frequency and momentum gaps and breaking of mirror symmetry in the photonic band structures. This method enables systematic investigation of various optical phenomena in space–time periodic media, such as nonreciprocal propagation of light, parametric processes, and photonic Floquet topological phases.