bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structurally unique PARP‐1 inhibitors for the treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: Divan Ali , Sibi Mukund P. , Tulin Alexei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe prognosis for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer is unfavorable, and although Poly(ADP)‐ribose polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) inhibitors have shown efficacy in the treatment of androgen‐receptor dependent malignancies, the limited number of options present obstacles for patients that are not responsive to these treatments. Here we utilize an integrated screening strategy that combines cellular screening assays, informatics, in silico computational approaches, and dose‐response testing for reducing a compound library of confirmed PARP‐1 inhibitors. Six hundred and sixty‐four validated PARP‐1 inhibitors were reduced to 9 small molecules with favorable physicochemical/ADME properties, unique chemical fingerprints, high dissimilarity to existing drugs, few off‐target effects, and dose‐responsivity in the 1 µmol/L ‐ 20 µmol/L range. The top 9 unique molecules identified by our integrated screening strategy will be selected for further preclinical development including cytotoxicity testing, effects on mitosis, structure‐activity relationship, physicochemical/ADME studies, and in vivo testing.
Methods for clarifying criteria for study continuation at interim analysis
Authors: Wiener Laura E. , Ivanova Anastasia , Koch Gary G. 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYIn monitoring clinical trials, the question of futility, or whether the data thus far suggest that the results at the final analysis are unlikely to be statistically successful, is regularly of interest over the course of a study. However, the opposite viewpoint of whether the study is sufficiently demonstrating proof of concept (POC) and should continue is a valuable consideration and ultimately should be addressed with high POC power so that a promising study is not prematurely terminated. Conditional power is often used to assess futility, and this article interconnects the ideas of assessing POC for the purpose of study continuation with conditional power, while highlighting the importance of the POC type I error and the POC type II error for study continuation or not at the interim analysis. Methods for analyzing subgroups motivate the interim analyses to maintain high POC power via an adjusted interim POC significance level criterion for study continuation or testing against an inferiority margin. Furthermore, two versions of conditional power based on the assumed effect size or the observed interim effect size are considered. Graphical displays illustrate the relationship of the POC type II error for premature study termination to the POC type I error for study continuation and the associated conditional power criteria.
P(GMA‐HEMA)/SiO2 Nanofilm Constructed Macroporous Monolith for Immobilization of Pseudomonas Fluorescens Lipase
Authors: Zhang Hui , Li Xiaoying , Bai Wenjing , Liang Yunxiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMonolithic macroporous composites constructed by poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/SiO2 nanofilm (P(GMA‐HEMA)/SiO2) were prepared and then used as the supports for immobilization of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (PFL). The as‐prepared macroporous materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2 adsorption‐desorption experiments, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The immobilization conditions and the properties of the immobilized PFL were investigated. The characterization results revealed that the macroporous SiO2 has a 3D continuous pass‐through macropore structure, large pore volume and high specific surface area. After modification with P(GMA‐HEMA) and the subsequent immobilization of PFL, the structural characteristics were preserved. Under the optimum conditions, the activity of the immobilized PFL reached to 3773 U g−1 and enzyme activity recovery achieved to 232 %. Compared with free lipase, the thermal and pH stabilities of the immobilized lipase were significantly enhanced, and it also exhibited an outstanding reusability.
Synthesis of Biologically Relevant β‐N‐Glycosides by Biphasic Epoxidation‐Aminolysis of D‐Glycals
Authors: Santiago Cintia C. , Lafuente Leticia , Ponzinibbio Agustín 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSeveral β‐N‐glycosides were obtained upon a simple and efficient two‐step methodology. First, α‐1,2‐anhydrosugars were prepared diastereoselectively by the oxidation of 3,4,6‐tri‐O‐benzyl‐D‐glucal under biphasic conditions (CH2Cl2/water) using dimetyldioxirane (DMDO) generated in situ from oxone/acetone mixture and amphiphilic imidazolium ionic liquid (DodMImBF4) as phase transfer catalyst. Immediately, β‐N‐glycosides were synthesized in good yields by aminolysis of these α‐1,2‐anhydrosugars using CH3CN as solvent. The overall process allows stereoselective generation of biologically relevant carbohydrate derivatives.
Organic Additive Assisted Ordered Mesoporous Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst for CO2 Methanation
Authors: Zhang Yang , Yang Hongyuan , Bian Bing , Guo Qingbin , Liu Qing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA trimethylbenzene (TMB) assisted ordered mesoporous Ni/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by a one‐pot evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) method for CO2 methanation to solve the problems of high‐temperature sintering of Ni particle and poor low‐temperature activity of Ni‐based catalysts. For comparison, we also prepared the catalysts without TMB or with different amount of NiO loadings. These samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, X‐ray diffraction, H2 temperature programmed reduction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The structure of the ordered mesoporous Ni/Al2O3 catalyst was modified by TMB to obtain a high specific surface area and a smaller pore size, resulting in the smaller Ni particles size and the higher metal dispersion. These changes could increase the interaction between the Ni species and the support, which effectively solved the problem of high temperature Ni sintering and low temperature activity. The mesoporous TMB‐assisted ordered mesoporous Ni/Al2O3 catalysts catalyst reached the maximum CO2 conversion and CH4 yield of 74.61 and 88.27 %, respectively at 425 °C, 0.1 MPa and a weight hourly space velocity of 60,000 mL g−1 h−1. In addition, the catalyst showed excellent stability in 100 h‐lifetime test at high space velocity owing to the confinement of the ordered mesoporous structure as well as the modification of catalyst structure by TMB.
Eosin Y‐Catalyzed Visible‐Light‐Mediated Synthesis of 2‐Mercaptobenzothiazoles from 2‐Azidoarenediazonium Tetrafluoroborates and Carbon Disulfide
Authors: Natarajan Palani , Kumar Naveen , Priya  
Published: April 2020

AbstractA visible‐light photocatalyzed process for the synthesis of 2‐mercaptobenzothiazoles from 2‐azidoarenediazonium tetrafluoroborates and carbon disulfide has been discovered. The reaction proceeded via single electron transfer reduction of azidoarenediazonium ion to corresponding azidoarene radical followed by carbon disulfide addition and intramolecular cyclization (with azide moiety) reactions. This method is very practical owing to the use of inexpensive eosin Y, mild reaction conditions and easy purification step thus delivering the target compounds in high yields.
Multifunctional Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Supported Benzotriazolium Ionic Liquid as an Efficient Nanocatalyst for Synergistic Transformation of CO2 to Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Tan Jin , Wang Long , Hu Yu Lin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn immobilized benzotriazolium ionic liquid system has been developed for the efficient catalytic transformation of CO2 to cyclic carbonates without using any co‐catalyst or solvent. Two novel multifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilica supported benzotriazolium ionic liquids PMO‐ILTiCl5 and PMO‐ILSnCl5 were prepared, characterized and demonstrated excellent catalytic activity in the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides. The superior catalytic performance was observed for PMO‐ILTiCl5 in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates with high yields and selectivities. Furthermore, the catalyst PMO‐ILTiCl5 could be separated readily and reuse for at least five successful times without obvious losses in its catalytic activity, owing to the presence of intramolecular synergistic effect between active hydroxyl sites and TiCl5 nucleophile and thus provide sufficiently stable catalytic sites. Therefore, this work provided a novel strategy for highly efficient and environmentally benign catalytic conversion of CO2 to cyclic carbonates.
Efficient Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation over Isolated Pt Sites
Authors: Hao Ran , Sun Wenming , Liu Qian , Liu Xiaolu , Chen Jialiang , Lv Xianwei , Li Wei , Liu Yu‐ping , Shen Zhurui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecently, ambient electrochemical N2 fixation has gained great attention. However, the commercial Pt‐based electrocatalyst hardly shows its potential in this field. Herein, it is found that the isolated Pt sites anchored on WO3 nanoplates exhibit the optimum electrochemical NH3 yield rate (342.4 µg h−1 mg−1Pt) and Faradaic efficiency (31.1%) in 0.1 m K2SO4 at −0.2 V versus RHE, which are about 11 and 15 times higher than their nanoparticle counterparts, respectively. The mechanistic analysis indicates that N2 conversion to NH3 follows an alternating hydrogenation pathway, and positively charged isolated Pt sites with special Pt−3O structure can favorably chemisorb and activate the N2. Furthermore, the hydrogen evolution reaction can be greatly suppressed on isolated Pt sites decorated WO3 nanoplates, which guarantees the efficient going‐on of nitrogen reduction reaction.
Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots Cause Nephrotoxicity in Organoids, Mice, and Human Cells
Authors: He Chengyong , Ruan Fengkai , Jiang Shengwei , Zeng Jie , Yin Hanying , Liu Rong , Zhang Yongxing , Huang Laiqiang , Wang Chonggang , Ma Shaohua , Zuo Zhenghong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs) have numerous potential applications in lighting, engineering, and biomedicine. QDs are mainly excreted through the kidney due to their ultrasmall sizes; thus, the kidneys are target organs of QD toxicity. Here, an organoid screening platform is established and used to study the nephrotoxicity of QDs. Organoids are templated from monodisperse microfluidic Matrigel droplets and found to be homogeneous in both tissue structure and functional recapitulation within a population and suitable for the quantitative screening of toxic doses. Kidney organoids are proved displaying higher sensitivity than 2D‐cultured cell lines. Similar to metal‐containing QDs, black phosphorus (BP)‐QDs are found to have moderate toxicity in the kidney organoids. The nephrotoxicity of BP‐QDs are validated in both mice and human renal tubular epithelial cells. BP‐QDs are also found to cause insulin insensitivity and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the kidney. Furthermore, ER stress‐related IRE1α signaling is shown to mediate renal toxicity and insulin insensitivity caused by BP‐QDs. In summary, this work demonstrates the use of constructed kidney organoids as 3D high‐throughput screening tools to assess nanosafety and further illuminates the effects and molecular mechanisms of BP‐QD nephrotoxicity. The findings will hopefully enable improvement of the safety of BP‐QD applications.
DNA methylation in APOE: The relationship with Alzheimer's and with cardiovascular health
Authors: Mur Jure , McCartney Daniel L. , Walker Rosie M. , Campbell Archie , Bermingham Mairead L. , Morris Stewart W. , Porteous David J. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Deary Ian J. , Evans Kathryn L. , Marioni Riccardo E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionGenetic variation in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). DNA methylationat APOE has been associated with altered cognition and AD. It is unclear if epigenetic marks could be used for predicting future disease.MethodsWe assessed blood‐based DNA methylation at 13 CpGs in the APOE gene in 5828 participants from the Generation Scotland (GS) cohort. Using linear mixed models regression, we examined the relationships among APOE methylation, cognition, cholesterol, the family history of AD and the risk for CVD.ResultsDNA methylation at two CpGs was associated with the ratio of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, but not with cognition, family history of AD, or the risk of CVD.DiscussionAPOE methylation is associated with the levels of blood cholesterol, but there is no evidence for the utility of APOE methylation as a biomarker for predicting AD or CVD.
Centering Culture Through Writing and the Arts: Lessons Learned in New Zealand
Authors: Kelly Katie , Becker Whitney , Lipscomb George , Robards Addie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCulturally relevant and sustaining pedagogy is an asset‐based approach to teaching and learning. In this way, students’ identities, languages, and cultures are centered in the learning experience, creating a sense of belonging. The authors observed culturally relevant and sustaining approaches to teaching and learning while visiting schools in New Zealand as part of a three‐week study abroad program. Specifically, the authors observed how teachers in New Zealand centered Maori and Pasifika cultures into daily instruction and learning. Together as teacher educators, an inservice teacher, and a preservice teacher, the authors examine the importance of culturally relevant and sustaining teaching and share their observations of how students’ cultures are honored through writing and arts integration in the classrooms visited in New Zealand. The authors describe how a fifth‐grade teacher applied lessons learned from her visit to New Zealand in her own classroom context in the United States.
Culturally Sustaining Instruction for Arabic‐Speaking English Learners
Authors: Louie Belinda , Sierschynski Jarek 
Published: April 2020

AbstractArabic is the second most common home language of English learners in the United States. Educators seek to design culturally sustaining pedagogy to develop Arabic‐speaking English learners’ English skills while nourishing their heritage language and affirming their culture's values. The authors report on a series of interviews with three Arabic mothers on their perceptions of North American and Arabic award‐winning picture books and their experience of reading with their children. Based on the analysis of the interviews, the authors put forward five culturally sustaining pedagogical possibilities.
Clinical role of lung ultrasound for diagnosis and monitoring of COVID‐19 pneumonia in pregnant women
Authors: Buonsenso D. , Raffaelli F. , Tamburrini E. , Biasucci D. G. , Salvi S. , Smargiassi A. , Inchingolo R. , Scambia G. , Lanzone A. , Testa A. C. , Moro F. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTLung ultrasound has been suggested recently by the Chinese Critical Care Ultrasound Study Group and Italian Academy of Thoracic Ultrasound as an accurate tool to detect lung involvement in COVID‐19. Although chest computed tomography (CT) represents the gold standard to assess lung involvement, with a specificity superior even to that of the nasopharyngeal swab for diagnosis, lung ultrasound examination can be a valid alternative to CT scan, with certain advantages, particularly for pregnant women. Ultrasound can be performed directly at the bed‐side by a single operator, reducing the risk of spreading the disease among health professionals. Furthermore, it is a radiation‐free exam, making it safer and easier to monitor those patients who require a series of exams. We report on four cases of pregnant women affected by COVID‐19 who were monitored with lung ultrasound examination. All patients showed sonographic features indicative of COVID‐19 pneumonia at admission: irregular pleural lines and vertical artifacts (B‐lines) were observed in all four cases, and patchy areas of white lung were observed in two. Lung ultrasound was more sensitive than was chest X‐ray in detecting COVID‐19. In three patients, we observed almost complete resolution of lung pathology on ultrasound within 96 h of admission. Two pregnancies were ongoing at the time of writing, and two had undergone Cesarean delivery with no fetal complications. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of cord blood and newborn swabs was negative in both of these cases. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Comparison of immunity against canine distemper, adenovirus and parvovirus after vaccination with two multivalent canine vaccines
Authors: Cunha Rafes D. S. , da Silva Junior Camilo L. , Costa Camilla A. , de Aguiar Hulliana M. , Junqueira Júnior Danilo G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundViral diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in puppies. There is a belief among veterinary practitioners and even educational institutions that the vaccines made in Brazil against canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine adenovirus (CAV) are ineffective or only partially effective.ObjectivesThis study aimed at comparing the immunity of two multivalent vaccines in adult dogs in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais state, Brazil.MethodsThe study was carried out at the Animal Protection Association and a total of 60 adult mongrel dogs were selected and divided into two groups. Group A was immunized with two doses of Elevencell® vaccine and Group B received two doses of imported vaccine from the United States; each group was made up of 14 females and 14 males.ResultsIn group A, the Elevencell vaccine generated a protective antibody titre against CDV in 26 out of 28 subjects (92.85%), CPV in 24 out of 28 subjects (85.71%) and CAV in 26 out of 28 subjects (92.85%). In group B, the imported US vaccine generated a protective antibody titre against CDV in 22 out of 28 subjects (78.57), CPV in 21 out of 28 subjects (75%) and CAV in 25 out of 28 subjects (89.28%). There was no statistical difference between titres generated between vaccine types for any of the three diseases tested.ConclusionElevencell vaccine titres were not inferior to the imported US vaccine in conferring protective titres against CDV, CPV and CAH, which confirms the efficacy of this product.
Books or babies? The incapacitation effect of schooling on minority women
Authors: Adamecz-Völgyi Anna , Scharle Ágota 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of an increase in the compulsory school leaving age on the teenage fertility of Roma women, a disadvantaged ethnic minority in Hungary. We use a regression discontinuity design identification strategy and show that the reform decreased the probability of teenage motherhood among Roma women by 13.4–26.0% and delayed motherhood by 2 years. We separate the incapacitation and human capital effects of education on fertility by exploiting a database that covers live births, miscarriages, abortions, and still births and contains information on the time of conception. We find that longer schooling decreases the probability of getting pregnant during the school year but not during summer and Christmas breaks, which suggests that the estimated effects are generated mostly through the incapacitation channel.
Musculoskeletal pain among offshore wind industry workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Velasco Garrido Marcial , Mette Janika , Mache Stefanie , Harth Volker , Preisser Alexandra M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether there are differences in musculoskeletal pain among different types of occupations offshore and their relationship to ergonomic demands.MethodsWe conducted a web-based cross-sectional survey among workers from offshore wind energy companies operating within the German exclusive economic zone. We selected workers with regular offshore commitments and at least 28 days spent offshore in the past year (n = 268). Musculoskeletal pain was assessed using the Subjective Health Complaints inventory (SHC), which considers the past month.ResultsOf the 268 male participants eligible for analysis, 54% reported back pain 50.4% neck pain, 40.3% lower back pain, 35.5% shoulder, 23.3% arm and 22.1% leg pain, all of them during the past month. Compared to other offshore occupations, technicians reported more frequently arm (OR 3.13; 95% CI 1.58–6.19), back (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.15–3.39), shoulder (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.11–3.40) and neck pain (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.11–3.22). After adjusting for age and nationality, lifting and carrying heavy loads were associated with all types of pain except leg pain. Overhead work, work in awkward postures, and the use of personal protection equipment and heavy tools was associated with shoulder, back and arm pain.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that occupational health counselling, health promotion and preventive interventions of offshore wind energy workers needs to consider the specific tasks of the employee and be particularly tailored to the ergonomic needs of technicians.
The impact of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy on sudomotor function in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis
Authors: Hirakawa Naomi , Higashimoto Ikuyo , Takamori Ayako , Tsukamoto Eri , Uemura Yuhei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
When performing endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) in palmar hyperhidrosis patients, a device can be used to measure sweat volume pre- and postoperatively in order to assess indications and treatment effects. In this study, we measured changes in the dynamics of sweating in hyperhidrosis patients pre- and postoperatively and compared the values with those in healthy subjects without hyperhidrosis.

Methods
The patient group comprised 25 persons with palmar hyperhidrosis who were scheduled for ETS. The dynamics of sweating was measured at 1 day prior to surgery and at 2 days postoperatively, in 18 patients at > 1 year postoperatively in another palmar hyperhidrosis group, and in 20 healthy subjects without hyperhidrosis. A device for measuring local sweat volume was applied at the thenar eminence of both palms. Indicators established were basal sweat rate (BSR; mg/min/cm2), peak sweat rate (PSR; mg/min/cm2) during mental stress (sympathetic sweating response), sweat volume (SV), and sweat time (ST; s).

Results
After surgery, all of the indicators were significantly reduced in hyperhidrosis patients and there was very little response to mental stress. The subgroup of these patients assessed at > 1 year after ETS showed a trend of increased BSR similar to that of healthy subjects. These changes did not correlate with the extent of the removal surgery. Preoperatively, hyperhidrosis patients had significantly greater BSR, PSR, and SV and longer ST than healthy subjects.

Conclusion
All of the sweating parameters were increased in palmar hyperhidrosis patients prior to surgery. Immediately after ETS, all these parameters were significantly reduced. At > 1 year after ETS, the BSR had increased to a level similar to that of the healthy volunteers, although PSR did not respond to mental stress.