bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a socially sustainable city concept in Vietnam - international experience, local policy making and preparatory steps
Authors: Minh Nguyen Quang 
Published: December 2019

Sustainability is a holistic concept in development studies, including urban studies, encompassing natural, technical and social aspects, and has been regarded as an ultimate goal for every nation to strive for as well as for every community to achieve in the context of global climate change, environmental crisis and social instability caused by various socio-economic factors. In addition to theoretical investigation, going for social sustainability in practice requires a well prepared action programme which should begin with learning from international experience (especially when it comes to such a new and superior development concept as social sustainability), understanding both the strengths and the weaknesses, and finding new driving forces. Given that a neighbourhood is a miniature (and a complete unit) of a city, social sustainability may be considered and experimented at the local level first. This proves to be a simpler task to fulfil, a more practical approach to a rather complex issue and a wise option to make. The author aims to analyse some of the world’s best examples before reviewing the current potentials and then comes up with a number of suggestions for the first cornerstones of the future society that will be mainly established on the basis of humanity with core social values and good individual opportunities offered to all citizens.
Keywords: social sustainability; sustainable city; neighbourhood.
Effect of dietary fiber in lowering serum glucose and body weight in sprague dawley rats
Authors: Butt Masood Sadiq , Shahzadi Naureen , Suleria Hafiz , Sultan Tauseef , Chohan Muhammad Imran 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The present study evaluated the hypoglycemic perspectives and weight loss significance of dietary fiber. Dietary fiber was supplemented in commercial wheat flour (atta) for the preparation of chapaties, a staple diet of South Asia. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 100) were randomly divided into 4 diet groups (n = 25 per group). The control group was fed basal diet that included commercial wheat flour chapati, cornstarch, corn oil, salt and vitamin mixture in such a way that 10% of the protein was available from the final diet. To the basal diet of other 3 groups, chapaties supplemented with 2% guar gum (GG 2%), 3% guar gum (GG 3%) and 5% chickpea + 1% guar gum (CP5%+GG1%) were added, respectively. All diets were fed to the rats for a period of 8 weeks to perceive the impact of respective compositions. Rats fed on CP 5% + GG 1%, showed maximum glucose reduction (14.57%) followed by GG 3% (11.64%) and GG 2% (9.60%) as compared to control diet. Likewise, rats fed on 3% GG showed maximum decline (7.90%) in body weight. It was concluded that chapaties prepared from selected treatments provide an additional dietary fiber that could be supportive for diabetic and obese individuals.Results: The results indicated that addition of dietary fiber influenced the physical characteristics of chapati non-significantly. Maximum glucose concentration was found to be 112.50 mg/dL in control group followed by 101.70 and 99.41 mg/dL in groups fed on guar gum 2% and guar gum 3%, respectively. Lowest glucose concentration (96.11 mg/dL) was observed in rats fed on the combination of chickpea 5 %+ guar gum 1%. Maximum serum protein concentration was found to be 6.39 g/dL in rats fed on combination of chickpea 5 % + guar gum 1% whilst the remaining three groups showed non significant variations with respect to each other. Means for serum protein were 6.33, 6.30 and 6.32 g/dL for control, guar gum 3%, and guar gum 2%, respectively. Maximum serum albumin concentration was found to be 3.63 g/dL in rats fed on combination of chickpea 5%+ guar gum 1% showing non-significant differences than that of control (3.60 g/dL).Conclusion: Soaring cost of medication and their side effects demand new ways against the existing malady of diabetes. Diet based strategy is a right approach as it is economical and assessable to avoid the health risks. The present research explored that diet diversification is an effective tool for the management of serum glucose and body weight. Role of legumes is indispensable to enhance the dietary fiber. Ingestion of chapaties prepared from selected compositions of composite flours providing an additional dietary fiber would be supportive to reduce hyperglycemia and obesity.Keywords: Sprague Dawley rats, Dietary fiber, Composite flour, Chapati, Serum glucose, Insulin glucose indices.
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in preterm infants
Authors: Schmidt John W. , Walsh William F. 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To determine both the incidence of perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in a group of preterm infants 32–36 weeks gestational age at a single center and the outcomes of these patients. Study design: The number of infants 32–36 weeks gestational age without major congenital anomalies born at Vanderbilt University Hospital between January 1, 2002 and June 30, 2008 was determined and a retrospective chart review was performed on those infants with a 5-minute Apgar score of less than 6. Infants were considered to have experienced perinatal HIE if they met all of the following criteria: 5-minute Apgar score less than 6 Cord or initial patient blood pH less than 7.00 or base deficit greater than 15 (mmol/L) Evidence of encephalopathy at or shortly after birth (seizures, hypotonia) History of a sentinel event at the time of delivery No other cause of encephalopathy (sepsis, hypermagnesemia, hemorrhage, hyponatremia, drug induced) Preterm infants with 5-minute Apgar score less than 6 not meeting all of the criteria were considered not to have had perinatal HIE. A poor outcome was defined as death, or cerebral palsy, or neurodevelopmental impairment, or bilateral deafness, or bilateral blindness. If no follow-up data was available, the patient was recorded as being alive at discharge and considered to be normal. Results: Between January 1, 2002 and June 30, 2008 there were 1,325 infants 32–36 weeks gestational age born at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. The incidence of perinatal HIE in these patients was 12/1325 (0.9%). 58.33% of these patients suffered poor outcomes. Conclusion: With a similar incidence and experience of adverse sequelae as the term infant, preterm infants 32–36 weeks in gestation with perinatal HIE should be considered for future randomized controlled studies for treatment of this potentially devastating injury.
Bladder pressure and intra-abdominal hypertension in sick neonates
Authors: Gerstmann Dale R. , Null, Jr. Donald M. 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To define the range of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) in sick neonates using surrogate measurements of bladder pressure. Methods: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients requiring an indwelling urinary catheter were enrolled in the study. A bladder pressure monitoring system was attached to the catheter and measurements recorded every 2–4 h. Results: Data were collected on 30~neonates. Median birth weight, gestational age, and duration of study were 2580 g, 37 wk, and 5.5 d, respectively. 1219 measurements were obtained with median (interquartile range)= 8 (3–10) mmHg and 90th percentile =13 mmHg. 18 neonates (60%) required abdominal surgery and 85% of IAP values > 90th percentile occurred post operatively (p< 0.001). 72% (13/18) of post operative patients had IAP > 90th percentile compared to 18% (2/12) of non surgical patients (p=0.008). Conclusions: Measuring IAP in sick neonates can be done as part of neonatal intensive care. The time of highest risk for elevated IAP appears to be in the post-operative period.
Motor imagery training in patients with chronic neglect: A pilot study
Authors: Leifert-Fiebach Gundhild , Welfringer Anouk , Babinsky Ralf , Brandt Tobias 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Only few studies have investigated the effects of motor imagery training (MIT) on neglect symptoms. Objective: To investigate the imagery ability of patients with visuospatial neglect and the behavioral effects of MIT on neglect symptoms. Methods: In an intense four-week course 10 patients with chronic visuospatial neglect symptoms resulting from right-hemisphere lesions practiced MIT by mentally envisaging positions and movements of the contralesional upper limb. Visual and kinesthetic MIT abilities as well as neglect-related disability were evaluated prior to and following therapy. Neglect symptoms were as well assessed at three-month follow-up. Results: Results suggest that (i) the ability to perform motor imagery is principally retained in patients with neglect and even patients that are seemingly incapable of motor imagery are able to relearn imagined activation via an individualized training approach. Furthermore, imagined activation of the left arm (ii) significantly reduces the severity of neglect in exploration, (iii) enhances temporal and spatial orientation, and (iiii) significantly improves the kinesthetic motor-imagery capacity and ability. These improvements were stable over a three-month period, indicating long-term training effects. Conclusion: Our data suggest that active kinesthetic-motor imagery is a feasible and effective training method for patients suffering from chronic visuospatial neglect symptoms.
Family matters: Parental-acquired brain injury and child functioning
Authors: Kieffer-Kristensen Rikke , Siersma Volkert D. , Teasdale Thomas W. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: To relate illness related to and family factors to emotional and behavioural problems in school-age children (7–14 years old) of parents with acquired brain injury and their healthy spouses. Participants, Materials/Methods: Members of 35 families in which a parent had been diagnosed with acquired brain injury participated. Family and brain injury characteristics were reported by the ill and healthy parents. Children self-reported post-traumatic stress symptoms (PSS) using the Child Impact of Events revised (CRIES). Emotional and behavioural problems among the children were also identified by the parents using the Achenbach’s Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Results: The family stress variables relating to the healthy spouse in all six comparisons were significant ( p <= 0.05) or nearly so ( p = 0.07) in each case showing higher scores for spouses to be associated with higher CRIES and CBCL total scores for the children. For the adjusted associations, we again found the family stress variables in the healthy spouse to be related to the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in the children. Conclusions: The present results suggest that in ABI families, the children’s emotional functioning depends upon family factors and primarily on the level of parental stress in the healthy parent.
A comparison of the PEDro and Downs and Black quality assessment tools using the acquired brain injury intervention literature
Authors: Aubut Jo-Anne L. , Marshall Shawn , Bayley Mark , Teasell Robert W. 
Published: December 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and the Downs and Black (D&B) quality assessment scale and the PEDro and a modified D&B assessment scores in a research synthesis of the ABI literature. Methods and Main Outcomes: A systematic review of the literature from 1980–2007 was conducted looking at treatment interventions following an ABI published in peer-reviewed English language journals. Of the articles chosen for inclusion in the study, 165 were identified as randomised controlled trials (RCT). All RCTs were scored using two quality assessment tools: the PEDro and D&B quality assessment scales. Items from these two scales were compared to identify which questions addressed similar information. Results: The association between the overall PEDro and D&B scores was moderately high ( r = 0.71, p < 0.01) indicating a significant relationship between these two quality assessment tools. When considering the modified D& B scores, which contained a subset of questions deemed most comparable to the PEDro scale, the correlation between the two was also moderately high ( r = 0.68, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Further analysis is required to investigate the strength of the relationship between these two scales in the assessment of RCTs.
Repeated sessions of functional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases motor cortex excitability and motor control in survivors of stroke
Authors: Massie Crystal L. , Tracy Brian L. , Paxton Roger J. , Malcolm Matthew P. 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To determine the impact of a single-session of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and an rTMS intervention on neurophysiology and motor control in survivors of stroke. Methods: Twelve stroke survivors were randomized into functional-rTMS or passive-rTMS conditions. Measures of short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF), and force steadiness (coefficient of variation, CV) at 10 and 20% of maximum voluntary contraction were assessed at baseline and after a single-session of rTMS (post single-session), and again following an intervention of 8 rTMS sessions (2 sessions per day; post-intervention). Functional-rTMS required subjects to exceed a muscle activation threshold assessed by surface electromyography to trigger each rTMS train; the passive-rTMS group received rTMS while relaxed. Results: ICF scores significantly increased following the single-session of functional-rTMS compared to the decrease following passive-rTMS. The increase in APB SICI and ICF scores following the intervention was significantly greater for the functional-rTMS group compared to the decreases following passive-rTMS. The groups were significantly different in the CV of force (20%) following the single-session of rTMS, and in the 10 and 20% tasks following the intervention. The functional-rTMS group increased steadiness overtime, whereas the passive group demonstrated a return to baseline following the intervention session. No differences were observed in first dorsal interosseus (FDI) measures (SICI and ICF) between groups. Conclusions: The functional-rTMS protocol enhanced cortical excitability following a single-session and after repeated sessions and improved steadiness, whereas the passive stimulation protocol tended to decrease excitation and no improvements in steadiness were observed.
Predictors of long-term recovery in complex activities of daily living before discharge from the stroke unit
Authors: Cioncoloni David , Martini Giuseppe , Piu Pietro , Taddei Sabrina , Acampa Maurizio , Guideri Francesca , Tassi Rossana , Mazzocchio Riccardo 
Published: December 2019

Background and purpose: There is a need for individuating those post-stroke patients who may benefit from an optimal and customised rehabilitation plan aiming at early reintegration in community life participation. This study investigated whether the gain of independence in complex Activities of Daily Living (ADL) may be predicted before the discharge from the stroke unit using simple bedside determinants. Methods: In 104 first-ever stroke patients with no previous disability, ten determinants at 10 days after stroke were selected. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the prognostic determinants able to predict independence in complex ADL, as measured by modified Rankin Scale grade ≤2. Results: The model shows that having a Barthel Index ≥9, a Motricity Index- Upper Limb ≥75, an age ≤70 and being a male resulted in 100% probability of achieving independence in complex ADL. If three of the four determinants were present, the probability was more than 90%. With the presence of two of the four determinants, the probability ranged from 87% to 28%. With the presence of only one determinant, the probability was 13%. Conclusions: Accurate prediction of independence in complex ADL can be made before the discharge from the stroke unit. The strength of the paretic upper limb, age, gender, and the ability of performing basic ADL are the significant variables. The probability of favorable prognosis depends on the presence and on the robustness of each single determinant.
Perceptions of stroke recovery: An exclusion of communication and cognition
Authors: Ellis Charles , Focht Kendrea L. , Grubaugh Anouk L. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Perceptions of stroke recovery can differ substantially between stroke survivors and their healthcare providers. Concordance between the two is important for collaborative goal setting to facilitate optimal outcomes. Objective: To explore stroke survivors' perceptions of their own recovery and residual impairments with specific emphasis on communication and cognition. Methods and procedures: A qualitative analytic approach was used in the study. Nine stroke survivors participated in a focus group discussion as part of a larger study designed to examine post-stroke outcomes. Results: Early in the focus group proceedings, a discussion emphasizing how stroke survivors perceive their overall recovery emerged. Six of the nine participants (67%) perceived their overall stroke recovery to be greater than 90%, and only physical impairments were reported. Later in the course of the interview, eight of the nine participants (89%) reported either word retrieval or memory loss deficits which negatively influenced their daily functional activities. Conclusions: Stroke survivors in this sample did not include communication and cognitive deficits in their perception of their overall recovery despite later reporting these symptoms and related impairment. Failure of patients to include such persisting deficits in their reports of recovery can cause a mismatch between stroke survivor and provider goals.
Behavioral physiotherapy in post stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Broetz Doris , Birbaumer Niels 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Behavioral aspects of motor learning such as definition and assessment of patient-centered goals, specific motivation, training in the patients' environment, autonomous training and generalization of newly learned skills to daily life are not an explicit part of physiotherapy in neurorehabilitation. Behavioral physiotherapy: Specific goals are defined and applied in a step by step manner. Exercises and application in daily life were trained and anticipated as a “self control cue” for the following week. Motivation was sustained via supervision, feedback after successful trials and reward. Exercises have to occure at a daily basis and have to be implemented in everyday life. Case description: A 54 year old man who suffered cerebral bleeding with left hemiparesis 25 years ago. We report goal attainment, change of symptoms and walking capacities over a period of 18 months. Results: Back pain and knee pain reduced to zero, rhythmic walking, walking speed increased, left leg less resistance, running possible. Discussion: The here described principles of behavioral physiotherapy are crucial for successful outcome in extremely stable and persistent consequences of stroke. Studies with more patients are needed to strengthen our hypothesis.
Relation between cingulum injury and cognition in chronic patients with traumatic brain injury; diffusion tensor tractography study
Authors: Baek Seung Ok , Kim Oh Lyong , Kim Seong Ho , Kim Min Soo , Son Su Min , Cho Yoon Woo , Byun Woo Mok , Jang Sung Ho 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: Many diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have reported an association between cingulum injury and cognition in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using DTI parameters. In this study, we attempted to investigate the relation between cingulum injury and cognition in chronic patients with TBI, using the integrity of the cingulum as well as DTI parameters. Method: Thirty five consecutive chronic patients with TBI were recruited. The intelligence quotient (IQ) of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale and Memory Assessment Scale (MAS) was used for assessment of cognition. The patients were classified into three groups, according to continuity to the lower portion of the genu of the corpus callosum: type A-both sides of the cingulum showed intact continuity, type B-either cingulum showed a discontinuation, and, type C-both cingulums showed discontinuation. We measured the fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and voxel number of both cingulums. Results: The IQ and MAS scores of type A and B were significantly higher than those of type C, respectively (p < 0.05), however, we did not observe a significant difference between type A and type B (p > 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the FA value of the cingulum, and IQ and MAS, respectively (IQ r = 0.373, p < 0.05, MAS r = 0.357, p < 0.05), and between the voxel number and MAS (r = 0.500, p < 0.05). By contrast, we observed a negative correlation between the ADC value and IQ (r = −0.353, p < 0.05). Conclusion: In terms of integrity to the basal forebrain and DTI parameters of the injured cingulum, DTI findings showed a close association with whole cognition and memory in chronic patients with TBI.
Stroke and unsteadiness – A cross-sectional study from primary health care
Authors: Hansson Eva Ekvall , Beckman Anders , Näslund Anna , Persson Sylvia , Janson Sara , Troein Margareta 
Published: December 2019

Background: Dizziness is seldom the only symptom among patients who develop stroke but patients, hospitalized for vertigo are at higher risk of stroke than the general population. The proportions of patients who have remaining dizziness after a stroke seem to be unclear. Objectives: To study the frequency of dizziness among stroke patients referred to rehabilitation in primary health care and to study the relation between dizziness and gender, age, activity and self-rated health. Methods: Patients with first-time stroke who were referred to rehabilitation in primary health care after the initial hospital stay were included. Dependence/independence in daily activities and self-rated health was measured. A question about whether the patient had experienced any dizziness or unsteadiness was asked. Results: Sixty three patients were included in the study, (39 men, 24 women) aged 36–85 years. The majority of patients were dizzy (70%). Being female increased the risk of being dizzy substantially (OR 9.43). Patients with dizziness had poorer self-rated health than patients without dizziness (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Dizziness is a common symptom among patients with stroke, especially among female patients, and is associated with lower self-rated health. Therefore, it is important to address dizziness in the rehabilitation of stroke patients.