bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent Effects on Skin Penetration and Spatial Distribution of the Hydrophilic Nitroxide Spin Probe PCA Investigated by EPR
Authors: Dong Pin , Teutloff Christian , Lademann Jürgen , Patzelt Alexa , Schäfer-Korting Monika , Meinke Martina C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOxidative stress occurs in extrinsic skin aging processes and diseases when the enhanced production of free radicals exceeds the homeostatic antioxidant capacity of the skin. The spin probe, 3-(carboxy)-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-oxyl (PCA), is frequently used to study the cutaneous radical production by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This approach requires delivering PCA into the skin, yet solvent effects on the skin penetration and spatial distribution of PCA have not been thoroughly investigated. Three solvents of ethanol, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and ethanol-PBS (1:1) were studied. For both human and porcine skin ex vivo, the amount of PCA in the stratum corneum (SC) was the lowest when using ethanol and very similar for PBS and ethanol-PBS. The highest amount of PCA in the viable skin layers was detected for ethanol-PBS, yet it only took up less than 5% of the total amount. The majority of PCA was localized in the SC, among which PCA with high mobility was predominantly distributed in the hydrophilic microenvironment of corneocytes and PCA with lower mobility was mainly in the less hydrophilic microenvironment of intercellular skin lipids. A higher ethanol concentration in the solvent could improve the distribution of PCA in the hydrophilic microenvironments of the SC. The results suggest that ethanol-PBS (1:1) is best-suited for delivering most PCA deep into the skin. This work enhances the understanding of solvent effects on the skin penetration and distribution of PCA and supports the utilization of PCA in studying cutaneous radical production.
Inhibition of microRNA-155 Protects Retinal Function Through Attenuation of Inflammation in Retinal Degeneration
Authors: Aggio-Bruce Riemke , Chu-Tan Joshua A. , Wooff Yvette , Cioanca Adrian V. , Schumann Ulrike , Natoli Riccardo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough extensively investigated in inflammatory conditions, the role of pro-inflammatory microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-155 and miR-146a, has not been well-studied in retinal degenerative diseases. We therefore aimed to explore the role and regulation of these miRNA in the degenerating retina, with a focus on miR-155. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to photo-oxidative damage for up to 5 days to induce focal retinal degeneration. MiR-155 expression was quantified by qRT-PCR in whole retina, serum, and small-medium extracellular vesicles (s-mEVs), and a PrimeFlow™ assay was used to identify localisation of miR-155 in retinal cells. Constitutive miR-155 knockout (KO) mice and miR-155 and miR-146a inhibitors were utilised to determine the role of these miRNA in the degenerating retina. Electroretinography was employed as a measure of retinal function, while histological quantification of TUNEL+ and IBA1+ positive cells was used to quantify photoreceptor cell death and infiltrating immune cells, respectively. Upregulation of miR-155 was detected in retinal tissue, serum and s-mEVs in response to photo-oxidative damage, localising to the nucleus of a subset of retinal ganglion cells and glial cells and in the cytoplasm of photoreceptors. Inhibition of miR-155 showed increased function from negative controls and a less pathological pattern of IBA1+ cell localisation and morphology at 5 days photo-oxidative damage. While neither dim-reared nor damaged miR-155 KO animals showed retinal histological difference from controls, following photo-oxidative damage, miR-155 KO mice showed increased a-wave relative to controls. We therefore consider miR-155 to be associated with the inflammatory response of the retina in response to photoreceptor-specific degeneration.
Algorithmus des Vorgehens beim unklaren Gelenkschmerz
Authors: Hermann Josef 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungGelenkschmerzen gehören zu den häufigsten Symptomen in der Medizin. Um Gelenkschmerzen diagnostisch einordnen zu können, ist eine Kategorisierung des Schmerzes in einen entzündlichen, nichtentzündlichen oder neuropathischen Schmerz hilfreich. Zudem muss der Schmerz einer anatomischen Struktur zugeordnet werden, da nur bei einem Schmerz, der von der Synovialmembran ausgeht, von einem Gelenkschmerz gesprochen werden kann. Für die Einordnung des Schmerzes in einen entzündlichen oder nichtentzündlichen Schmerz stehen uns methodisch die Schmerzanamnese, als bildgebende Methoden der Ultraschall und die Magnetresonanztomographie und die Entzündungsparameter zur Verfügung. In unklaren Situationen und zur Sicherung eines entzündlichen Geschehens sind eine Synoviaanalyse und eventuell die Biopsie erforderlich. Um den Ort des Schmerzgeschehens zu lokalisieren, können wir die funktionelle Untersuchung, die Sonographie, die Magnetresonanztomographie und eventuell die Röntgenuntersuchung heranziehen.
Situated Counting
Authors: Gärdenfors Peter , Quinon Paula 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present a model of how counting is learned based on the ability to perform a series of specific steps. The steps require conceptual knowledge of three components: numerosity as a property of collections; numerals; and one-to-one mappings between numerals and collections. We argue that establishing one-to-one mappings is the central feature of counting. In the literature, the so-called cardinality principle has been in focus when studying the development of counting. We submit that identifying the procedural ability to count with the cardinality principle is not sufficient, but only one of the several steps in the counting process. Moreover, we suggest that some of these steps may be facilitated by the external organization of the counting situation. Using the methods of situated cognition, we analyze how the balance between external and internal representations will imply different loads on the working memory and attention of the counting individual. This analysis will show that even if the counter can competently use the cardinality principle, counting will vary in difficulty depending on the physical properties of the elements of collection and on their special arrangement. The upshot is that situated factors will influence counting performance.
Principal component analysis-assisted selection of optimal denoising method for oil well transient data
Authors: Zhang Bing , Muradov Khafiz , Dada Akindolu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOil and gas production wells are often equipped with modern, permanent or temporary in-well monitoring systems, either electronic or fiber-optic, typically for measurement of downhole pressure and temperature. Consequently, novel methods of pressure and temperature transient analysis (PTTA) have emerged in the past two decades, able to interpret subtle thermodynamic effects. Such analysis demands high-quality data. High-level reduction in data noise is often needed in order to ensure sufficient reliability of the PTTA. This paper considers the case of a state-of-the-art intelligent well equipped with fiber-optic, high-precision, permanent downhole gauges. This is followed by screening, development, verification and application of data denoising methods that can overcome the limitation of the existing noise reduction methods. Firstly, the specific types of noise contained in the original data are analyzed by wavelet transform, and the corresponding denoising methods are selected on the basis of the wavelet analysis. Then, the wavelet threshold denoising method is used for the data with white noise and white Gaussian noise, while a data smoothing method is used for the data with impulse noise. The paper further proposes a comprehensive evaluation index as a useful denoising success metrics for optimal selection of the optimal combination of the noise reduction methods. This metrics comprises a weighted combination of the signal-to-noise ratio and smoothness value where the principal component analysis was used to determine the weights. Thus the workflow proposed here can be comprehensively defined solely by the data via its processing and analysis. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimal selection methods is confirmed by the robustness of the PTTA results derived from the de-noised measurements from the above-mentioned oil wells.
Modelling Non-timber Forest Products for Forest Management Planning in Europe
Authors: Miina Jari , Kurttila Mikko , Calama Rafael , de-Miguel Sergio , Pukkala Timo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe increased popularity and commercial use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) calls for the development of models for NTFPs to include their predicted yields in forest management planning and to evaluate the potential of multi-functional forest management. This study assesses and discusses the current state of the art and trends in NTFP yield modelling in Europe and the integration of the models in multi-functional forest management planning at different spatial scales.Recent FindingsClimate-sensitive empirical yield models already exist not only for a variety of NTFPs that are economically important to forest owners (e.g. cork and pine nuts) but also for wild-gathered berries and mushrooms, the harvesting of which cannot be controlled by the forest landowner in all European countries. Several studies on multi-functional forest management planning consider the economic profitability of the joint production of timber and NTFP. Harvesting NTFPs can create significant additional incomes for forest owners, compared with timber production only. However, maximizing the economic returns from the joint production of timber and NTFPs often calls for changes in forest management practices.SummaryContinued efforts in modelling and predicting the yields of NTFPs have enabled forest managers to further expand the analyses of multi-functional forest planning and management in Europe. Climate-sensitive models also allow analyses on the potential effects of climate change on NTFP yields. New models and forest management practices are still needed for tree fruits, birch sap, a wider variety of wild edible mushrooms, specialty mushrooms cultivated on live trees as well as medicinal and edible forest herbs harvested for commercial value in Europe.
Candida albicans isolated from denture-related stomatitis in elderly patients: Antifungal susceptibility and production of virulence attributes
Authors: de Sousa Lourimar Viana Nascimento Franco , de Oliveira Maia Carlos Davi , Carvalho Isadora Sousa , Prata Juliano Meireles , Arcanjo Larissa Carla Rodrigues , de Figueiredo Vieira Marina , Martins Matheus Batista , Pereira Thais Silveira , Souza Lucieri Olegário Pereira , Galdino Anna Clara Milesi , Branquinha Marta Helena , Canela Heliara Maria Spina , Santos André Luis Souza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDenture-related stomatitis caused by Candida spp. affects elderly individuals using partial/total prosthesis, provoking several discomforts including burning sensation and altered taste. Herein, we have studied 52 denture-wearing individuals (>60 years-old), attended at the dentistry clinic of UNIVALE, aiming to isolate Candida spp. directly from the stomatitis lesions and to evaluate their potential to produce virulence attributes. A low prevalence of denture-related stomatitis was reported in these patients (4/52; 7.7%). Candida albicans was isolated in the 4 selected patients, with the ability to form biofilm over a polystyrene surface and to produce aspartic protease, esterase and hemolysin. However, neither phospholipase nor caseinase activities were detected. Planktonic-growing yeasts were susceptible to amphotericin B and caspofungin, while the susceptibility to azoles (fluconazol, itraconazole and voriconazole) varied depending on either the isolate or antifungal. Relevantly, biofilm-forming C. albicans cells exhibited resistance to all studied antifungals. So, new effective drugs against resistant C. albicans isolates causing denture-related stomatitis are urgently required.
Does a mobile dust-containment cart reduce the risk of healthcare-associated fungal infections during above-ceiling work?
Authors: Buchanan Mark O. , Thompson Sharon C. , DiBiase Lauren M. , Sickbert-Bennett Emily E. , Weber David J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImmunocompromised patients are at risk for infections due to above-ceiling activities in hospitals. Mobile dust-containment carts are available as environmental controls, but no published data support their efficacy. Using microbial air sampling and particle counts, we provide evidence of reduced risk of fungal exposure during open ceiling activities.
Geophysical characterization of late-Quaternary glaciofluvial complex and glacial stratigraphy in the Satakunta sandstone area, Köyliö, southwest Finland
Authors: Ahokangas Elina Marita , Maries Georgiana Anca , Mäkinen Joni Kalevi , Pasanen Antti Heikki , Malehmir Alireza , Heinonen Suvi Elina , Pajunen Matti Ensio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe acquired high-resolution reflection seismic data using a broadband digital-based landstreamer system to characterize a depression related to the Mesoproterozoic (Jothnian) Satakunta sandstone basin in the Köyliö study area, southwest Finland. This ca. 800-m-wide depression is infilled with up to 100-m-thick (late) Quaternary interlobate glaciofluvial complex sediments. The seismic images clearly reveal details of the glaciofluvial complex, sandstone depression topography, and brittle structures related to the formation of the sandstone basin by oblique transtension. Additionally, we identified the setting of a diabase laccolith within the sandstone and the geometry and position of the steep sandstone contact. The esker core does not follow the sandstone-Svecofennian basement rock contact or lean to it. The esker core is at a depth of 50–60 m on the flank of the depression. The seismic data image the esker core and other architectural elements of the esker. We highlight the potential of the digital-based landstreamer in the research of complex Quaternary sediments in major bedrock depressions including the characterization of the underlying bedrock properties. We also discuss the possible tunnel valley origin of the sandstone depression.
The Systemic Turn and Participatory Budgeting: The Case of Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Legard Sveinung , Goldfrank Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractParticipatory budgeting (PB) has been one of the most popular local democratic reforms in Latin America in recent decades. This article examines what happened to PB when it was scaled up to the state level and integrated in a participatory system in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (2011–14). Using theories of deliberative systems, multichannel participation, ‘venue shopping’ (the practice of seeking the most favourable policy venue) and countervailing power, as well as a multimethod research design, we explain how the systems approach allowed for both deliberation and direct democracy and mobilised new sectors to participate online. However, on the negative side, the different participation channels undermined each other. Social movements migrated to other spaces, leaving the budgeting process open to control by well-established, powerful public-sector groups.
Tectono-metamorphic evolution and significance of shear-zone lithologies in Akebono Rock, Lützow-Holm Complex, East Antarctica
Authors: Baba Sotaro , Hokada Tomokazu , Kamei Atsushi , Kitano Ippei , Motoyoshi Yoichi , Nantasin Prayath , Setiawan Nugroho Imam , Dashbaatar Davaa-Ochir 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe describe a major shear zone exposed at Akebono Rock and discuss its deformation and metamorphic history, with a view to providing a better understanding of the geological history of the Lützow-Holm Complex. Three deformation episodes are recognized: D1 produced open folds (F1), boudinage and a regional ductile foliation, whilst the related metamorphic facies is characterized by stable garnet. F1 folding is dominantly preserved in the eastern part of the study area. During D2, an isoclinal to tight asymmetric F2 folds developed mainly in the west part of the region, accompanied by an S2 shear, under biotite facies retrograde metamorphism. The D3 episode involved the formation of the major shear zone, characterized by mylonite and L-tectonite fabrics, which took place at ~610–660°C and 4–5 kbar. Large, sigmoidal garnet core domains have S-shaped inclusion trails, suggesting that syntectonic garnet growth occurred before the formation of the shear zone. Estimated P-T conditions suggest that the sigmoidal garnet-bearing amphibolite was recrystallized at a deeper crustal level and was brought to a higher level during the formation of the shear zone. Crustal-scale deformation involving syntectonic recrystallization and shearing of Akebono Rock is a key issue for reconsidering the evolution of the Lützow-Holm Complex.
Geometry of nova ejecta
Authors: Pavana M. , Anupama G. C. , Anche Ramya M. , Kamath U. S. , Selva Kumar G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present photo-ionization and morpho-kinematic analyses of the ejecta of novae. The sample consists of ten novae belonging to the Fe II, He/N and hybrid classes. The Fe II class of novae in the sample have bipolar cone-like structures, with or without equatorial rings with inclination angle in the range of 40°–60°. The He/N novae have bullet-nose curve along with bipolar cone-like structures and equatorial rings with an inclination angle of ~80°. The hybrid nova in the sample is a bipolar frustum of prolate spheroid along with bipolar cone-like structures and equatorial rings with an inclination angle of 63°.
Accreting pulsating white dwarfs: Probing heating and rotation
Authors: Szkody Paula , Gänsicke Boris , Toloza Odette , Godon Patrick , Sion Edward , Kafka Stella , Bell Keaton , Vanderbosch Zachary ,   AAVSO observers
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe white dwarfs in close, interacting binaries provide a natural laboratory for exploring the effects of heating and angular momentum from the accreting material arriving on the surface from the companion. This study is even more fruitful when it involves a pulsating white dwarf, which allows an exploration of the effects of the accretion on the interior as well as in the atmosphere. The last decade has seen the accomplishment of UV (HST) and optical (ground) studies of several accreting white dwarfs that have undergone a dwarf nova outburst that heated the white dwarf and subsequently returned to its quiescent temperature. The most recent study involves V386 Ser, which underwent its first known outburst in January 2019, after 19 years at quiescence. V386 Ser is unique in that its quiescent pulsation shows a triplet, with spacing indicating a rotation period of 4.8 days, extremely slow for accreting white dwarfs. This paper presents the result of HST ultraviolet spectra obtained 7 months after its outburst that shows the first clear confirmation of shorter period modes being driven following the heating from a dwarf nova outburst.
Searching for ZZ Ceti white dwarfs in the Gaia survey
Authors: Vincent Olivier , Bergeron Pierre , Lafrenière David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Gaia satellite recently released parallax measurements for nearly 400,000 white dwarf stars, allowing for precise measurements of their physical parameters. By combining these parallaxes with Pan-STARRS and CFIS-u photometry, we measured the effective temperatures and surface gravities for all white dwarfs within 100 pc and identified a sample of ZZ Ceti white dwarf candidates within the instability strip. We report the results of a photometric follow-up, currently under way, aimed at identifying new ZZ Ceti stars among this sample using the PESTO camera attached to the 1.6-m telescope at the Mont Mégantic Observatory. Our goal is to verify that ZZ Ceti stars occupy a region in the logg-Teff plane where no nonvariable stars are found, supporting the idea that ZZ Ceti pulsators represent a phase through which all hydrogen-line (DA) white dwarfs must evolve.
Laboratory studies of Vacuum Ultra-Violet (VUV) emission spectra of heavy element ions
Authors: Tchang-Brillet W.-Ü Lydia , Meftah Ali , Deghiche Djamel , Wyart Jean-François , Balança Christian , Champion Norbert , Blaess Christophe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReliable spectroscopic data are needed for interpretation and modeling of observed astrophysical plasmas. For heavy element ions, which have complex spectra, experimental data are rather incomplete. To provide valuable fundamental quantities, such as precise wavelengths, level energies and semi-empirical transition probabilities, we are carrying out laboratory studies of high-resolution VUV emission spectra of moderately charged ions of transition metals and rare earth elements. Experimental and theoretical methods are summarized. Examples of studies are described.
Two delays in white dwarf evolution revealed byGaia
Authors: Cheng Sihao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBy comparing two age indicators of high-mass white dwarfs (WDs) derived fromGaiadata, two discoveries have been made recently: one is the existence of a cooling anomaly that produces the Q branch structure on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, and the other is the existence of high-mass WDs as double-WD merger products. The former poses a challenge for WD cooling models, and the latter has implications on binary evolution and type-Ia supernovae.
A catalog of 159,238 white dwarf ages
Authors: von Hippel Ted , Moss Adam , Kloc Isabelle , Moticska Natalie , Sargent Jimmy , Robinson Elliot , Stenning David , van Dyk David , Jeffery Elizabeth , Fouesneau Morgan , Bailer-Jones Coryn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe employ Pan-STARRS photometry, Gaia trigonometric parallaxes, modern stellar evolution and atmosphere models, and our Bayesian fitting approach to determine cooling and total ages for 159,238 white dwarfs. In many cases we are able to derive precise ages (better than 5%) for individual white dwarfs. These results are meant for broad use within the white dwarf and stellar astrophysics communities and we plan to make available on-line the posterior distributions for cooling age, total age, initial stellar mass, and other parameters.
Type Ia supernova sub-classes and progenitor origin
Authors: Ruiter Ashley J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a short review on the current state of SN Ia progenitor origin. Type Ia supernova explosions (meaning thermonuclear disruption of a white dwarf) are observed to be widely diverse in peak luminosity, lightcurve width and shape, spectral features, and host stellar population environment. In the last decade alone, theoretical simulations and observational data have come together to seriously challenge the long-standing paradigm that all SNe Ia arise from explosions of Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs. In this review I highlight some of the major developments (and changing views) of our understanding of the nature of SN Ia progenitor systems. I give a brief overview of binary star configurations and their plausible explosion mechanisms, and infer links between some of the various (observationally-categorized) SN Ia sub-classes and their progenitor origins from a theoretical standpoint.