bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of nutrition knowledge, personal health and self-efficacy on food-related teaching practices of elementary school pre-service teachers
Authors: Coccia Catherine C , Tamargo Javier , Macchi Alison K 
Published: July 2020

Objective: This study aimed to determine the impact of personal health, body mass index (BMI), nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy on classroom food-related beliefs and practices. Design: A cross-sectional design evaluated BMI, personal health index (PHI), nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy and food-related beliefs and practices of pre-service teachers. Setting: Pre-service teachers were recruited from upper division elementary education courses at a university in the southeast region of the USA. Participants ( n = 94) were Hispanic (65%), White (60%) and female (93%). Method: Participants completed a survey composed of validated questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling were used to examine the relationships between pre-service teachers’ personal nutrition factors and food-related teaching beliefs. Results: Results indicate that personal health factors, nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy for teaching nutrition contribute to pre-service teachers’ beliefs about the school food environment and food-related teaching practices. Conclusion: Interventions focusing on student teachers’ personal health behaviours and nutrition knowledge may be helpful, as pre-service teachers develop their nutrition-related classroom behavioural intentions.
Oral Corticosteroid Regimens in the Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Mansi Ahmed , Bui Roger , Chaaban Mohamad R. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Oral corticosteroids are often used in the medical management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with and without polyps. The purpose of our study is to review the literature for studies reporting the dosage of oral corticosteroids as part of the appropriate medical management prior to, immediately before, and after surgical intervention. Methods: We reviewed the literature for oral corticosteroid regimens given to patients with CRS from March 2012 to September 2018. Studies that did not disclose the exact doses of the regimen were excluded from our analysis. Results: Our search resulted in 7 articles with 4 studies of Level of Evidence (LOE) 1b, 2 studies with LOE III, and 1 study with LOE IV. The daily doses varied from 15 mg to 1 mg/kg, and with total doses ranging from 150 to 352 mg. In addition, several studies gave the same regimen to both subtypes of CRS. There was no mention of side effects in most of the studies. Conclusion: There is a wide variation in the steroid doses given to patients with CRS and prospective or randomized controlled trials are needed to provide better improved evidence.
Acute Calcific Tendinitis of the Longus Colli: Not All Retropharyngeal Fluid is an Abscess
Authors: Ko-Keeney Ellen , Fornelli Rick 
Published: July 2020

Objective: This report aimed to present a case of acute calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscle as an uncommon cause of neck pain and dysphagia and is often misdiagnosed as a retropharyngeal abscess. Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: Acute calcific tendinitis is often misdiagnosed as a retropharyngeal abscess; however, it is distinguished from the latter based on patient history and unique radiologic findings. History, examination, and laboratory findings do not suggest an infectious etiology, and radiographic findings include a non-rim-enhancing fluid collection with or without calcifications anterior to the upper cervical spine. Conclusion: Unlike retropharyngeal abscess, acute calcific tendinitis is managed conservatively. When consulted for a possible retropharyngeal abscess, the otolaryngologist should avoid anchoring bias by independently obtaining a detailed history and examination and personally reviewing radiologic images to avoid unnecessary intervention.
Effectiveness of an Integrated Intervention Program for Alcoholism: Electrophysiological Findings
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Keshav Janakiprasad , Benegal Vivek , Roopesh Bangalore N. , Ravi Girikematha S. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Neuroelectrophysiological measures such as electroencephalograms (EEGs) in resting state and event-related potentials (ERPs) provide valuable information about the vulnerability and treatment-related changes in persons with alcoholism. This study examined the effectiveness of an Integrated Intervention Program for Alcoholism (IIPA) using electrophysiological measures. Methods: Fifty individuals with early onset of alcohol dependence participated. They were grouped randomly into two: the treatment as usual (TAU) group and the treatment group, matched on age (±1 year) and education (±1 year). eyes closed and resting state EEGs and ERPs on cognitive tasks (flanker task, alcohol Go/No-Go task, and single outcome gambling task) were recorded before and after treatment. The TAU group received pharmacotherapy, six days/week yoga sessions, and three sessions/week group therapy on relapse prevention while the treatment group received IIPA along with usual treatment (except yoga) for 18 days. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups pre-treatment. RM-ANOVA for pre- and post-treatment stages showed a significant difference between the two groups in the absolute power of alpha, beta, theta, and delta, during eye closure, in the resting-state EEGs. The treatment group showed significantly larger N200/N2 amplitude in congruent and incongruent conditions (flanker task), N200/N2 amplitude for alcohol No-Go, P300/P3 amplitude for neutral No-Go on alcohol Go/No-Go task, and outcome-related positivity (ORP) amplitude on single outcome gambling task. Conclusion: This exploratory study suggests that IIPA is effective for enhancing relaxation state and attentiveness, decreasing hyperarousal, and ameliorating neurocognitive dysfunctions of conflict-monitoring, response inhibition, and reward processing.
The preferences of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are to discuss palliative care plans with familiar respiratory clinicians, but to delay conversations until their condition deteriorates: A study guided by interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Tavares Nuno , Hunt Katherine J , Jarrett Nikki , Wilkinson Tom MA 
Published: July 2020

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with an uncertain trajectory, which challenges prognostication and means that most patients are not involved in advance care planning and do not receive palliative and end-of-life care. Aim: To understand the preferences of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for discussions about palliative and advance care planning with clinicians. Design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Data analysis was guided by principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis, of which symbolic interactionism and interpretation principles were employed throughout. Setting/Participants: A total of 33 British patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at different stages of their disease trajectory were recruited. Results: Patients preferred to discuss palliative care with clinicians they perceived had greater levels of competency and authority in care and with whom they had an established relationship, usually a specialist. Patients favoured large amounts of information about treatments and care, but reported a lack of illness-related information and problems accessing appointments with clinicians. Consequently, patients deferred discussions to the future, usually once their condition had deteriorated significantly or planned to wait for clinicians to initiate conversations. This was not rooted in patient preferences, but related to clinicians’ lack of time, absence of an established relationship and belief that appointments were for managing current symptoms, exacerbations and disease factors rather than future care and preferences. Conclusion: Different perceptions, competing priorities and service rationing inhibit patients from initiating early discussions with clinicians, so palliative care conversations should be initiated by respiratory-expert clinicians who know the patient well. After a sudden deterioration in the patient’s condition may be a suitable time.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing burden from lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Luckett Tim , San Martin Aljon , Currow David C , Johnson Miriam J , Barnes-Harris Matilda MM , Phillips Jane L 
Published: July 2020

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer are both life-limiting diseases that confer burden in the form of symptoms and affect functioning and quality of life. Comparing burden between these diseases is of interest to determine whether people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease require improved access to Specialist Palliative Care. Access should be based on needs rather than diagnosis or prognosis but is limited for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to lung cancer. Aim: The aim of this study was to synthesise research comparing burden from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer to estimate relative need for Specialist Palliative Care. Design: A systematic review was conducted of observational quantitative studies published in English peer-reviewed journals comparing burden from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer (PROSPERO CRD42018108819). No limits were placed on disease stage. Meta-analyses were performed where studies used the same measure; otherwise, synthesis used a narrative approach. Risk of bias was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality tool. Data sources: Electronic databases were searched in September 2019. Results: Of 790 articles returned, 13 were included, reporting 11 studies. Risk of bias was generally moderate. Except for pain, burden tended to be at least as substantial from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as from lung cancer, with breathlessness and impacts on functioning being significantly worse. Longitudinal studies suggest that people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease live with burden for longer. Conclusion: Efforts should be made to ensure that access to Specialist Palliative Care is commensurate with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease’s substantial and long-lasting burden. Future research should clarify whether managing burden in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer requires different approaches.
The function of microRNA-211 expression in post-fracture bone cell apoptosis involving the transforming growth factor-β/ phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Sun Tongxin , Yang Dai , Wu Yuanpeng , Sheng Qingang 
Published: July 2020

Background The underlying mechanism of micro (mi)RNA-211 in bone cell apoptosis after fracture remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect and function of miRNA-211 in bone cell apoptosis in fracture patients. Methods Serum samples were collected from patients with fractures and healthy controls. Serum miR-211 expression was detected by quantitative PCR. MC3T3-E1 cells were transfected with a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β inhibitor and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. The viability of MC3T3-E1 cells was detected by the MTT assay, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Caspase-3/9 activity and the protein expression of TGF-β, PI3K, and p-Akt were detected by western blot and immunoprecipitation. Results In the fracture group, miRNA-211 expression was significantly up-regulated compared with controls. We used miRNA-211 mimics to up-regulate miRNA-211 expression, and observed inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. miRNA-211 up-regulation also suppressed the expression of TGF-β, PI3K, and p-Akt proteins. Conversely, miRNA-211 down-regulation increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis and LDH activity, as well as inducing the expression of TGF-β, PI3K, and p-Akt. Inhibiting TGF-β decreased the effect of anti-miRNA-211 on osteocyte apoptosis. Conclusion Our data indicate that miRNA-211 functions via the TGF-β/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in patients with fractures.
Patterns of Mental Health Care in Remote Areas: Kimberley (Australia), Nunavik (Canada), and Lapland (Finland): Modèles de soins de santé mentale dans les régions éloignées: Kimberley (Australie), Nunavik (Canada) et Laponie (Finlande)
Authors: Salinas-Perez Jose A. , Gutierrez-Colosia Mencia R. , Furst Mary Anne , Suontausta Petra , Bertrand Jacques , Almeda Nerea , Mendoza John , Rock Daniel , Sadeniemi Minna , Cardoso Graça , Salvador-Carulla Luis 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Mental health (MH) care in remote areas is frequently scarce and fragmented and difficult to compare objectively with other areas even in the same country. This study aimed to analyze the adult MH service provision in 3 remote areas of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries in the world. Methods: We used an internationally agreed set of systems indicators, terminology, and classification of services (Description and Evaluation of Services and DirectoriEs for Long Term Care). This instrument provided a standard description of MH care provision in the Kimberley region (Australia), Nunavik (Canada), and Lapland (Finland), areas characterized by an extremely low population density and high relative rates of Indigenous peoples. Results: All areas showed high rates of deprivation within their national contexts. MH services were mostly provided by the public sector supplemented by nonprofit organizations. This study found a higher provision per inhabitant of community residential care in Nunavik in relation to the other areas; higher provision of community outreach services in the Kimberley; and a lack of day services except in Lapland. Specific cultural-based services for the Indigenous population were identified only in the Kimberley. MH care in Lapland was self-sufficient, and its care pattern was similar to other Finnish areas, while the Kimberley and Nunavik differed from the standard pattern of care in their respective countries and relied partly on services located outside their boundaries for treating severe cases. Conclusion: We found common challenges in these remote areas but a huge diversity in the patterns of MH care. The implementation of care interventions should be locally tailored considering both the environmental characteristics and the existing pattern of service provision.
Indigenous nurses’ practice realities of cultural safety and socioethical nursing
Authors: Hunter Kiri , Cook Catherine 
Published: July 2020

Background: Persistent healthcare emphasis on universal moral philosophy has not advantaged indigenous and marginalised groups. Centralising cultural components of care is vital to provide ethical healthcare services to indigenous people and cultural minorities internationally. Woods’ theoretical explication of how nurses can integrate cultural safety into a socioethical approach signposts ethical practice that reflects culturally congruent relational care and systemic critique. Aim: To demonstrate the empirical utility of Woods’ ethical elements of cultural safety within a socioethical model, through analysis of indigenous nurses’ practice realities in Aotearoa New Zealand. Research design: The study used a qualitative indigenous narrative inquiry. Participants and research context: Participants were recruited nationally. Twelve Māori registered nurses and nurse practitioners were interviewed. All participants provided direct care in either primary or secondary health services. Ethical considerations: Research approval was gained from the Human Ethics Committee of the lead author’s tertiary institution. Participation was voluntary, and written informed consent was obtained. Findings: Analysis highlighted the following: (1) cultural needs, which for Māori were integral to care, were easily subsumed by clinical care being prioritised; (2) ethical care by non-indigenous nurses requires critical reflection about broader equity issues that impact Māori disengagement from healthcare; (3) retention of indigenous nurses was seen as essential because their advocacy and the cultural ‘fit’ for Māori contributed to positive healthcare outcomes; and (4) committed leadership ensured culturally safe care was not eroded through workplace efficiencies. Discussion: The data provide rich representation of Woods’ model. The data indicate that nurses must engage reflexively with a relational ethic of care and social justice dimensions in order to deliver culturally safe care. Conclusion: Woods’ model provides a critical lens for nurses to examine their relational practice and systemic factors that enhance or detract from culturally safe care when caring for members of any indigenous group.
Love in the time of Corona
Authors: Alchin David , McLean Loyola , Korner Anthony 
Published: July 2020

Objective: As the world struggles to come to terms with “corona,” we find our collective experience to be entirely alien, struggling to find meaning in the forms of feeling being evoked. When words cannot provide meaning to experience, metaphor is often utilized. Conclusions: Words like “love” are informed autobiographically as “growing words,” with no rules defining their use. The significance of “love” to an individual is created through personal history, such that sophisticated understanding is only constructed following a lifetime of experience. “Corona” is perhaps a growing word; we cannot yet grasp its meaning in the face of cólera (passion) and pati (suffering) informing our collective traumatic script. Psychiatrists should aim to focus on the positive forms of feeling emerging during the pandemic, in order to be better equipped to meet the impending “second wave” of mental health complications.
A certificate in youth psychiatry: meeting the training needs of psychiatrists
Authors: Macmillan Iain , Thompson Andrew , Kalucy Megan , Pellen Daniel , Killackey Eóin , McGorry Patrick , Scott James G 
Published: July 2020

Objective: This paper provides the rationale for the development of sub-specialty training in youth psychiatry. Method: Training needs for youth psychiatry are discussed and the opportunities provided by sub-specialisation in youth psychiatry are presented. Results: The majority of mental disorders have their onset prior to 25 years. There has been substantial recent growth in services to meet the clinical needs of young people. The development of these services has exposed gaps in current training for psychiatrists, which varies considerably between child and adolescent, and adult psychiatry. Competencies acquired by psychiatrists in youth mental health are non-standardised, which may hinder optimal care. Conclusions: Sub-specialty training in youth psychiatry is needed to meet workforce demands. The development of a certificate in youth psychiatry, by the RANZCP Section for Youth Mental Health, is underway. This will complement existing training and provide trainees and psychiatrists the opportunity to develop specialist skills in the provision of mental health care for young people negotiating the transition between adolescence and adulthood.
Alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review
Authors: Ramalho Rodrigo 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To summarise publications reporting on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a narrative review. Methods: ProQuest, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for articles published in 2020. This search used two terms: ‘alcohol’ and ‘COVID’. Reference lists of articles were reviewed to identify additional articles. Results: There is growing concern around an increase in alcohol intake and alcohol-related harms. These concerns are related to the impact of excessive alcohol consumption in a person with COVID-19 and/or with alcohol use disorder, as well as with a potential increase in the prevalence of harmful drinking, alcohol use disorder, withdrawal symptoms, intimate partner violence, harm to children, suicide, mental health problems and non-communicable diseases. The need for assessing alcohol use and providing adequate advice during the pandemic have been highlighted. Conclusion: The time for action is now, and all necessary measures to prevent an increase in alcohol-related problems should be adopted. At the same time, healthcare services should also prepare for such potential increase, while adapting to the exceptional circumstances presented by the pandemic, such as physical distancing.
Move your mind: embedding accredited exercise physiology services within a hospital-based mental health service
Authors: Furzer Bonnie J , Wright Kemi E , Edoo Azam , Maiorana Andrew 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Despite support for the role of exercise in improving physical and mental health for various psychiatric disorders, few service implementation evaluations within diverse hospital environments exist. This study presents the feasibility and implementation of a clinical exercise physiology service within a hospital mental health service. Method: Feasibility and service data were collected from databases and self-report (consumer and staff) for 6 months from the commencement of new exercise services (gym and group sessions) for community and inpatients (one secure and three open wards). Results: One hundred and twenty consumers engaged with exercise services with 70 direct referrals over the 6-month audit period (mean age 40 ± 13 years (19–69); 41% male). The overwhelming reason for referral was related to weight loss/management (65.7%), with the majority of patients (51%) presenting with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. Further, 549 exercise service interactions were delivered and 78% gym attendees and 69% group session attendees rated the exercise sessions as ‘Good’ or ‘Great’, and intention to return ranged from 78% for inpatient gym sessions to 91% for community gym sessions. Conclusions: Embedding exercise physiology into a mental health service is feasible and well accepted and the evaluation of long-term consumer outcomes in ‘real-world’ will serve as a crucial step.