bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Preoperative Mental Health and Depression on Outcomes After Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Cunningham Daniel J. , Steele John R. , Allen Nicholas B. , Nunley James A. , Adams Samuel B. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Preoperative mental health and depression have been shown to negatively impact patient-reported outcome measures after a broad array of orthopaedic procedures including total ankle arthroplasty. The hypothesis for this study was that decreased Short Form (SF)-36 Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores will modulate the impact of depression on patient-reported outcome measures after total ankle arthroplasty.

Methods:
All patients undergoing primary total ankle arthroplasty between January 2007 and December 2016 who were enrolled into a prospective outcomes study and who had at least 1-year minimum study follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were separated into 4 groups based on the presence or absence of an SF-36 MCS score of <35 points and diagnosis of depression. SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) and MCS scores, Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) function and bother components, and visual analog scale (VAS) pain were collected preoperatively and in the 1 to 2-year follow-up. The Wilcoxon rank sum was used to assess differences in outcomes by depression and low preoperative MCS scores. Multivariable models were then constructed to evaluate between-group differences in change scores according to preoperative SF-36 MCS scores and a diagnosis of depression, with adjustment for baseline patient and treatment characteristics.

Results:
Patients with depression and those with low preoperative MCS scores had significantly worse final outcome scores along with reduced improvement in SF-36 PCS and VAS pain scores compared with patients without these risk factors. Among patients with depression, low preoperative MCS scores helped to differentiate patients with poor final outcome scores. Similarly, in patients with low preoperative MCS scores, depression helped to differentiate patients with poor final outcome scores.

Conclusions:
Although patients achieved significant improvements in functional outcomes regardless of cohort, decreased preoperative mental health modulated the impact of depression on outcomes. Patients with diminished preoperative mental health and depression are at an increased risk for sustaining smaller improvements in outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Exchange of Modular Components Improves Success of Debridement, Antibiotics, and Implant Retention
Authors: Svensson Karin , Rolfson Ola , Nauclér Emma , Lazarinis Stergios , Sköldenberg Olof , Schilcher Jörg , Johanson Per-Erik , Mohaddes Maziar , Kärrholm Johan 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) is a surgical treatment for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). DAIR is a desirable treatment option from an economic and patient perspective, if successful. The aim of this observational study was to compare the rates of success, defined as no additional reoperations due to PJI, between DAIR with exchange of modular components and DAIR without exchange in patients who had first-time PJI after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods:
Patients with PJI at the site of a primary THA who were treated with DAIR in Sweden between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2016, were identified in the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register. Supplementary questionnaires were sent to orthopaedic departments for additional variables of interest related to PJI. The primary end point was another reoperation due to PJI within 2 years after the first-time DAIR. DAIR with exchange was compared with DAIR without exchange using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis.

Results:
A total of 575 patients treated with DAIR for a first-time PJI at the site of a primary THA were analyzed; 364 underwent component exchange and 211 did not. The exchange of components was associated with a lower rate of reoperations due to PJI after DAIR (28.0%) compared with non-exchange (44.1%). The Kaplan-Meier implant survival estimate for exchange was 71.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 66.9% to 76.3%) compared with 55.5% (95% CI = 49.1% to 62.7%) for non-exchange. With the analysis adjusted for confounders, DAIR with exchange was associated with a significantly decreased risk of another reoperation due to PJI compared with non-exchange (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.51 [95% CI = 0.38 to 0.68]).

Conclusions:
In patients with a first-time PJI at the site of a primary THA, DAIR with exchange of modular components was superior to non-exchange DAIR. Surgeons should strive to exchange components when they perform DAIR, but there is a need to further identify how DAIR best should be practiced and which patients benefit from it.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Cellular Lensing and Near Infrared Fluorescent Nanosensor Arrays to Enable Chemical Efflux Cytometry
Authors: Cho Soo-Yeon , Gong Xun , Koman Volodymyr , Kuehne Matthias , Moon Sun Jin , Son Manki , Lew Tedrick Thomas Salim , Gordiichuk Pavlo , Jin Xiaojia , Sikes Hadley , Strano Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nanosensor have proven to be powerful tools to monitor single biological cells and organisms, achieving spatial and temporal precision even at the single molecule level. However, there has not been a way of extending this approach to statistically relevant numbers of living cells and organisms. Herein, we design and fabricate a high throughput nanosensor array in a microfluidic channel that addresses this limitation, creating a Nanosensor Chemical Cytometry (NCC). An array of nIR fluorescent single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) nanosensors is integrated along a microfluidic channel through which a population of flowing cells is guided. We show that one can utilize the flowing cell itself as highly informative Gaussian lenses projecting nIR emission profiles and extract rich information on a per cell basis at high throughput. This unique biophotonic waveguide allows for quantified cross-correlation of the biomolecular information with physical properties such as cellular diameter, refractive index (RI), and eccentricity and creates a label-free chemical cytometer for the measurement of cellular heterogeneity with unprecedented precision. As an example, the NCC can profile the immune response heterogeneities of distinct human monocyte populations at attomolar (10-18 moles) sensitivity in a completely non-destructive and real-time manner with a rate of ~100 cells/frame, highest range demonstrated to date for state of the art chemical cytometry. We demonstrate distinct H2O2 efflux heterogeneities between 330 and 624 attomole/cell·min with cell projected areas between 271 and 263 µm2, eccentricity values between 0.405 and 0.363 and RI values between 1.383 and 1.377 for non-activated and activated human monocytes, respectively. Hence, we show that our nanotechnology based biophotonic cytometer has significant potential and versatility to answer important questions and provide new insight in immunology, cell manufacturing and biopharmaceutical research.
The accessible promoter–mediated supplementary effect of ACE2 provides new insight into the tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Jiang Qi , Du Guifang , Wang Junting , Tang XiaoHan , wang Xuejun , Yang Ding , Li Fei , Sun Yu , Tao Huan , Lu Meisong , Li Hao , Chen Hebing , Bo Xiaochen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background：Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been confirmed to be a receptor for the newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, cell surface ACE2 expression is reported to be inconsistent with clinical tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2, which complicates understanding of the pathogenesis of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The consumption of ACE2 by internalization and shedding processes may explain this discordance. Results：To understand the discordance between ACE2 expression and the tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2, we examined the chromatin accessibility of ACE2 promoter in hundreds of tissues and cell lines using public DNase-seq and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) data. We find that ACE2 promoter is only accessible in three tissues including lung, large intestine and placenta. Also, we examined tumors tissues and ACE2 promoter is observed accessible in five tumors with reported SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. We confirmed the susceptibility by performing SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection in several cell lines. Conclusions：We propose that open chromatin at the promoter mediates the ACE2 supplementary effect and ensures the entry of SARS-CoV-2. This hypothesis provides a new view and potential clues for further investigation of COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Investigation of Candidate Genes and Mechanisms Underlying Obesity Associated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Bioinformatics Analysis and Screening of Small Drug Molecules&nbsp;
Authors: G Prashanth , Vastrad Basavaraj , Tengli Anandkumar , Vastrad Chanabasayya , Kotturshetti Iranna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundObesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder ; however, the etiology of obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus remains largely unknown. There is an urgent need to further broaden the understanding of the development mechanism of obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus. MethodsTo screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that may play essential roles in obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus, the public expression profiling by high throughput sequencing data (GSE143319) were downloaded and screened for DEGs. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis and REACTOME pathway analysis were performed. To screen hub and target genes, the protein–protein interaction network, miRNA-target genes regulatory network and TF-target gene regulatory network were constructed. The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and RT- PCR analysis of hub genes in obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus were also analyzed. Final molecular docking studies performed for screening small drug molecules. ResultsThere were 409 up regulated and 411 down regulated genes detected, and the biological processes of the GO analysis were enriched in regulation of ion transmembrane transport, intrinsic component of plasma membrane, transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups, cell adhesion, integral component of plasma membrane and signaling receptor binding, whereas, the REACTOME pathway analysis was enriched in integration of energy metabolism and extracellular matrix organization. The hub genes CEBPD, TP73, ESR2, TAB1, MAP3K5, FN1, UBD, RUNX1, PIK3R2 and TNF, which might play a essential role in obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus was further screened. ConclusionsThe present study could deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanism of obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus, which could be useful in developing clinical treatments of obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Unraveling the Role of Maize Cell Wall Hydroxycinnamates in Digestibility, Biofuel Production and Pest Resistance Using A Multi-Parent Advanced Generation Intercross (MAGIC) Approach.&nbsp;
Authors: López-Malvar Ana , Malvar Rosa Ana , Butrón Ana , Revilla Pedro , Souto Xose Carlos , Santiago Rogelio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Mechanical resistance due to higher hydroxycinnamate content makes maize tissues more recalcitrant to damage by insects, less digestible by ruminants, and less suitable for biofuel production. The integrated study of the maize functional genetic variability for each hydroxycinnamate component could be crucial to identify relevant genetic variants that may be incorporated into selection programs to breed maize varieties for multiple uses. A Genome Wide Association study was carried out a in a maize Multiparent-Advanced Intercross (MAGIC) Population to indentify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with cell wall bound hydroxycinnamates;and we checked thereafter their relationship with SNPs significantly associated with saccharification efficiency, digestibility of organic matter and corn borer damage.Results: We found 24 SNPs, corresponding to15 QTL, significantly associated with cell wall bound hydroxycinnamates. Each SNP explained between 6 and 8% of the total variability. We define new genomic regions and genes involved in polysaccharide synthesis and modifications, and the oxidative coupling associatted to cell wall hydroxycinnamates content. Conclusions: SNPs explained a small proportion of the variability for hydroxycinnamates, saccharification efficiency, digestibility or insect damage, therefore we recommend a genomic selection approach for future breeding programs of these traits. In addition, no colocalizations were found between hydroxycinnamates and final-use-related traits so breeding strategies can be focus on each particular trait with no side effects on the others.
Increased heart rate as a signal of acute distress in non-communicating persons with intellectual disability. A real-world study.
Authors: Kildal Emilie , Stadskleiv Kristine , Boysen Elin , Øderud Tone , Dahl Inger-Lise , Seeberg Trine , Guldal Svein , Strisland Frode , Morland Cecilie , Hassel Bjornar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) affects approximately 1% of the population. Some patients with severe or profound ID are essentially non-communicating and therefore risk experiencing pain and distress without being able to notify their caregivers, which is a major health issue. This study aimed to see if heart rate (HR) monitoring could reveal whether non-communicating persons with ID experience acute pain or distress in their daily lives. We monitored HR in 14 non-communicating participants with ID in their daily environment to see if specific situations were associated with increased HR. We defined increased HR as being > 1 standard deviation above the daily mean and lasting > 5 seconds. In 11 out of 14 participants, increased HR indicated pain or distress in situations that were not previously suspected to be stressful, e.g. passive stretching of spastic limbs or being transported in patient lifts. Increased HR suggesting joy was detected in three participants (during car rides, movies). In some situations that were previously suspected to be stressful, absence of HR increase suggested absence of pain or distress. We conclude that HR monitoring may identify acute pain and distress in non-communicating persons with ID, allowing for improved health care for this patient group.
Symmetry Conservation of Dirac Fermion With Double Junction and Gauge Field of Weyl Fermion With Single Junction
Authors: Oh Teresa , Li Xiangjiang , Fan Jing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Majorana fermion and Weyl fermion have matters and antimatters. But Majorana fermion has zero resistance and Weyl fermion has a resistance. It was confirmed that CP symmetry is preserved in the case of Dirac fermion because it only has spin current as the antimatter. Dirac fermion is supercurrent because CP symmetry is preserved by double schottky contact, but the Majorana fermion with ohmic contact has decreased current due to symmetry violation. Parity symmetry conservation was confirmed from the electrical properties of transistors, and charge symmetry conservation was confirmed in diode properties.
Perspectives of Health Service Providers on Barriers to Accessing Perinatal Mental Health Services in Karnataka, India: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Mukherjee Debarati , Dolcy Nolita , John Daisy A , Karthik Maithili , Gadhave Swapnil A , Babu Giridhara R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Poor maternal mental health is a major public health concern since it adversely impacts both maternal and child health outcomes. This study aimed to document the barriers to utilizing perinatal mental health services in Karnataka, India, and to determine its relationship with risk factors of poor maternal mental health in this context. Methods: Qualitative research methods using in-depth interviews were conducted on twenty-one local stakeholders who represented health service providers in various capacities: mental health specialists (n = 4), gynaecologists (n = 2), government officials from the Department of Health and Family Welfare (n = 2), and Department of Women and Child Development (n = 2), senior state consultant to United Nations Children’s Fund (n = 1), and frontline workers (n = 10). Data were analysed using a thematic framework analysis approach. Results: We identified multiple barriers to service utilization operating at the levels of the health system, community, family, and the individual. Health-system level barriers included lack of a universal screening mechanism, poor infrastructure, poor training of frontline workers on mental health issues, and inadequate time for counselling and treatment. Community-level barriers included stigma and misconceptions, leading to a lack of social support. Family and individual level barriers included the financial burden of availing services, lack of family and partner support, and lack of empowerment and motivation in the woman to seek services. Family and individual level barriers interacted with risk factors of poor maternal mental health. Based on this evidence and drawing from the literature, we propose a contextualised, stepped-care model for universal screening, detection, referral, and treatment of women with perinatal mental health conditions for Karnataka that is integrated with the reproductive, maternal, and child health (RMNCH) program in primary care settings. Conclusions: The framework developed in this study suggests that addressing the identified barriers would potentially increase uptake of available services, create awareness about and demand for high-quality mental health services, reduce the risk factors of poor maternal mental health, and eventually improve our understanding of its true burden in the state of Karnataka. This is essential for proper implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of programs relevant to perinatal mental health.
Irradiation-induced M1 Microglia Affect Brain Metastatic Colonization of A549 Cell Lines via miR-9/CDH1 Axis
Authors: Jin Yu , Kang Yalin , Qin Wan , Li Qianxia , Mei Qi , Chen Xinyi , Hu Guangyuan , Tang Yang , Yuan Xianglin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and purpose: Brain metastasis is among the leading causes of death in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Through yet unknown mechanisms, prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) can significantly decrease the incidence of brain metastases. We propose that PCI probably exerts indirect anti-tumoral effects by turning cerebral “soil” unfavorable for the colonization of metastatic tumor “seeds”. This study aims to reveal how PCI regulates the brain microenvironment conducing to a reduction in brain metastases.Materials and methods: Key marks of M1/M2 microglia types and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western Blot in vitro. The target miR-9-5p was obtained by miRNA array analysis and confirmed by qRT-PCR in microglia. miRTarBase and TargetScan were used to predict the target genes of miR-9-5p, which were assessed by luciferase activity assay. Anti-metastatic effects of irradiation on the brain were evaluated by intravital imaging using a brain metastatic NSCLC A549-f3 cell line in a nude mouse model.Results: We found the microglia can polarize into M1 type after irradiation and the irradiated microglia inhibited mesenchymal-epithelial transition of metastatic tumor cells, which decreased their adhesion and colonization capabilities in brain. We discovered up-regulated miR-9 was related with inhibition of MET process. Further overexpression/silencing experiments indicated that irradiated M1-type microglia inhibited A549 mesenchymal-epithelial transition, mediated by miR-9 up-regulation and secretion. Additionally, these results were confirmed in mice model, as low dose irradiation increased miR-9 level in the brain microenvironment and reduced brain metastases of metastatic tumor cells.Conclusions: We demonstrated that miR-9 secreted by irradiated M1-type microglia played important role in inducing A549 cell lines into mesenchymal phenotype, and further decreased their localization capabilities in brain. Our findings emphasized the modulating effect of irradiation on metastatic soil, and the cross-talk between tumor cells and the metastatic microenvironment. More importantly, our findings provided new perspectives for effective anti-metastasis therapies, especially for NSCLC patients with high risk of brain metastasis.
One-pot Production of Butyl Butyrate From Glucose by Constructing a “Diamond-Shaped” E. Coli Consortium
Authors: Sinumvayo Jean Paul , Zhao Chunhua , Liu Guoxia , Zhang Yanping , Li Yin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Esters are widely used in plastic, texture, fiber, and petroleum industries. Usually, esters are produced from chemical synthesis or enzymatic processes from the corresponding alcohols and acids. Recently, fermentation production of esters was developed with supplementation of precursors (either alcohol or acid, or both at once). Here using butyl butyrate as an example, we demonstrated that we can use a microbial consortium developed from two engineered butyrate- and butanol-producing E. coli strains for the production of ester, with the assistance of exogenously added lipase. The synthesizing pathways for both precursors and the lipase-based esterification reaction created a “diamond-shaped” consortium. The concentration of the precursors for ester biosynthesis could be altered by adjusting the ratio of the inoculum of each E. coli strain in the consortium. Upon appropriate optimization, the consortium produced 7.2 g/L butyl butyrate without the exogenous addition of butanol or butyrate, which is the highest titer of butyl butyrate produced by E. coli reported to date. This study thus provides a new way for the biotechnological production of esters.
The Association among Hyperuricemia, Aspirin Resistance, and Ischemic Events Recurrence in Stroke Patients
Authors: Zhang Yongkang , Lv Huihui , Shi Zhuqing , Liu Xu , Liu Wei , Liu Qianyun , Huo Yajing , Long Xie , Liu Mingyuan , Zhou Yinting , Zhu Guoqin , Wu Haibo , Han Yan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: It is unclear about the relationship among hyperuricemia, aspirin resistance (AR) and recurrence of ischemic events in ischemic stroke patients. This study focuses on this topic. Methods: In this prospective, observational, and single-center study, acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients within 14 days of onset were recruited. Every patient took aspirin 100mg/d during the follow-up period, the aspirin reaction unit (ARU) was detected by the VerifyNow System on the 5-7th day, and serum uric acid (SUA) level was also tested. ARU≥550 is defined as AR. Patients were followed up for 3 years and record ischemic events recurrence in the clinical database we built (including transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke recurrence, major adverse cardiovascular events, and vascular composite death). Results: A total of 138 patients with newly ischemic stroke were recruited in this study, of which 27 were AR and 14 were hyperuricemia. A total of 119 patients completed 3-year follow up, among which 32 patients experienced at least one endpoint, 23 patients had aspirin resistance, and 12 patients had hyperuricemia. Among these 32 patients, no one had hyperuricemia. In the univariate analysis, hyperuricemia was significantly associated with no ischemic events (p=0.035); the incidence of AR was significantly associated with recurrent ischemic events (p=0.012); hyperuricemia has no association with AR (p=0.457). Conclusions: Hyperuricemia might be a protective factor in patients with AIS, and AR has a significant association with ischemic events recurrence which is not associated with hyperuricemia.