bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field‐amplified sample injection in capillary zone electrophoresis for the pharmacokinetic research of trace risperidone and its major metabolite 9‐hydroxyrisperidone in beagle dogs
Authors: Fan Xianyu , Li Ji , Wu Shengyuan , Jiang Jingjing , Wang Jiajing , Wang Shuowen , Lou Yuefen , Fan Guorong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article describes a method for the simultaneous quantitation of risperidone and its major metabolite, 9‐hydroxyrisperidone, in beagle dog plasma by field‐amplified sample injection in capillary zone electrophoresis. The separation was carried out at 25°C in a 48 cm × 75 µm fused‐silica capillary with an applied voltage of 20 kV using 60 mM NaH2PO4 buffer (pH 3.6). The detection wavelength was 280 nm. Clean‐up and preconcentration of plasma samples were conducted by 96‐well formatted liquid‐liquid extraction. In this study, this stacking technique provided a sensitivity enhancement of approximately 158 to 188 fold compared with the same sample without stacking. The method was suitably validated with respect to stability, specificity, linearity, lower limit of quantitation, accuracy, precision, and extraction recovery. Calibration curves exhibited good linearity (r2 > 0.995) over a wide concentration range of 2.5 to 200 ng/mL for both risperidone and 9‐hydroxyrisperidone. The intra‐ and interday precisions at the three quality control levels were less than 11.40%. The intra‐ and interday accuracies ranged from 87.90 to 107.17% for risperidone and from 88.43 to 105.92% for 9‐hydroxyrisperidone. All validation data were within the required limits. In conclusion, the method developed was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of risperidone and 9‐hydroxyrisperidone in beagle dogs.
Wetland Waterbird Food Resources Increased by Harvesting Invasive Cattails
Authors: Lishawa Shane C. , Dunton Eric M. , Pearsall Douglas R. , Monks Andrew M. , Himmler Kurtis B. , Carson Brendan D. , Loges Brian , Albert Dennis A. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe conservation of many freshwater marsh waterbirds (i.e., waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, and secretive marshbirds) in the Laurentian Great Lakes requires managing invasive emergent macrophytes, which degrade waterbird habitat by creating dense, litter‐clogged stands, and excluding plants that produce nutritionally balanced and high‐energy food (seeds, tubers, and submerged aquatic vegetation). The most commonly used management approach in the United States Great Lakes region involves the application of herbicides, which can stimulate waterbird forage plants but does not address the accumulation of plant litter, the underlying cause of plant community diversity loss and habitat degradation. We experimentally evaluated the effects of an alternative approach, harvesting invasive plants and their litter followed by flooding, on plant communities, focusing on the effects of these treatments to increase the abundance of high‐energy wetland plants. At the Shiawassee National Wildlife Refuge in Michigan, USA, we experimentally treated an invasive cattail (Typha × glauca)‐dominated wetland in August and September of 2016, 2017, and 2018, using a randomized block design with 4 blocks and 3 treatments (sediment surface harvest, above ground harvest, and control). We monitored the effects of these treatments on the abundance and dominance of waterbird forage‐producing plants, plant diversity, and plant communities prior to (Jul 2016) and during the summer following each treatment (late Jul or early Aug 2017, 2018, and 2019). Additionally, we used pre‐ and post‐treatment waterbird use‐day data collected at the unit scale and compared values with satellite imagery‐derived land cover changes. Compared to control plots, 3 years of harvesting and flooding significantly increased plant species diversity, increased the abundance of waterbird seed‐ and tuber‐producing plant species by 5 times, and increased annual plant dominance by more than 10 times, while substantially reducing all measures of cattail and its litter. Use‐days increased for total waterbirds, including waterfowl and dabbling ducks, following treatment. Cattail cover decreased and open water and non‐cattail emergent vegetation cover increased. Harvesting invasive plant biomass coupled with flooding promoted a plant community composition and structure beneficial to waterbirds. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Temporally coherent cardiac motion tracking from cine MRI: Traditional registration method and modern CNN method
Authors: Qiao Mengyun , Wang Yuanyuan , Guo Yi , Huang Lu , Xia Liming , Tao Qian 
Published: June 2020

PurposeCardiac motion tracking enables quantitative evaluation of myocardial strain, which is clinically interesting in cardiovascular disease research. However, motion tracking is difficult to perform manually. In this paper, we aim to develop and compare two fully automated motion tracking methods for the steady state free precession (SSFP) cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and explore their use in real clinical scenario with different patient groups.MethodsWe proposed two automated cardiac motion tracking method: (a) a traditional registration‐based method, named full cardiac cycle registration, which simultaneously tracks all cine frames within a full cardiac cycle by joint registration of all frames; and (b) a modern convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based method, named Groupwise MotionNet, which enhances the temporal coherence by fusing motion along a continuous time scale. Both methods were evaluated on the healthy volunteer data from the MICCAI 2011 STACOM Challenge, as well as on patient data including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and myocardial infarction (MI).ResultsThe full cardiac cycle registration method achieved an average end‐point error (EPE) 2.89 ± 1.57 mm for cardiac motion tracking, with computation time of around 9 min per short‐axis cine MRI (size 128 × 128, 30 cardiac phases). In comparison, the Groupwise MotionNet achieved an average EPE of 0.94 ± 1.59 mm, taking < 1 s for a full cardiac phases. Further experiments showed that registration method had stable performance, independent of patient cohort and MRI machine, while the CNN‐based method relied on the training data to deliver consistently accurate results.ConclusionBoth registration‐based and CNN‐based method can track the cardiac motion from SSFP cine MRI in a fully automated manner, while taking temporal coherence into account. The registration method is generic, robust, but relatively slow; the CNN‐based method trained with heterogeneous data was able to achieve high tracking accuracy with real‐time performance.
Development of a rotation phantom for phase contrast MRI sequence validation and quality control
Authors: Vali Alireza , Schmitter Sebastian , Ma Liliana , Flassbeck Sebastian , Schmidt Simon , Markl Michael , Schnell Susanne 
Published: June 2020

PurposeTo develop a reliable, consistent, and reproducible reference phantom for error quantification of phase‐contrast MRI so it can be used for validation and quality control.MethodsAn air‐driven rotation phantom consisting of a steadily rotating cylinder surrounded by a static ring both filled with agarose gel was developed. Rotational speed was measured and controlled in real time using an optical counter and a closed‐loop controller. Consistency of the phantom was assessed by recording variations in rotational speed. The phantom was imaged with 2D phase‐contrast MRI, and the velocity at each point was compared with analytically predicted velocity. Additionally, to examine reproducibility, the phantom was run with the same rotational speed on 2 different days and imaged using the same phase‐contrast MRI protocol.ResultsThe rotation phantom provided consistent rotational speed with 2 revolutions per minute SD from the set value for 20 min. Comparison between predicted and measured velocities demonstrated excellent agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.99). The RMS error in velocity components were less than 1% of maximum value. The scan–rescan experiment showed that the phantom can reproduce the same velocity distributions (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.99) using the same rotational speed and MRI settings.ConclusionThe developed rotation phantom provided well‐defined and reproducible linear velocity distributions, which can be used for systematic and quantitative error analysis of phase‐contrast MRI for a range of known velocities.
Effects of water‐ and land‐based exercises on quality of life and physical aspects in women with fibromyalgia: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Britto André , Rodrigues Vandilson , dos Santos Alcione M. , Rizzini Marta , Britto Paula , Britto Lucio , Garcia João B. S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionFibromyalgia (FM) is consistently associated with fatigue, sleep disturbances, morning stiffness, and anxiety and depression, affecting physical capacities and skills and thereby reducing quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of water‐based and land‐based therapies as an adjuvant treatment for women with FM in relation to quality of life and physical aspects.MethodsFM women were randomized into a water‐based exercise group (WG) and land‐based exercise group (LG). The interventions were conducted for 8 weeks, three times a week, and each therapy session had a 60‐min duration. Evaluations were performed before and after intervention using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, the Visual Analogue Scale, the number of tender points (TPs), and the Wells bench sit and reach test score.ResultsBoth interventions produced significantly positive clinical effects in most aspects evaluated. However, only WG obtained significant improvements for the variables functional capacity, number of TPs, and flexibility.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that water‐based exercise is effective as an adjuvant FM treatment, including FM‐related physical and psychological health aspects.
A stability‐indicating ultra‐fast liquid chromatography method for the assay of the main flavonoids of Achyrocline satureioides (Marcela) in porcine skin layers and nanoemulsions
Authors: Balestrin Lucélia Albarello , Fachel Flávia Nathiely Silveira , Koester Letícia Scherer , Bassani Valquiria Linck , Teixeira Helder Ferreira 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionAchyrocline satureioides (marcela or macela) is a plant widely used in folk medicine in South America. Recently, there has been increasing interest for the development of skin care products containing A. satureoides extracts, due to its well‐documented antioxidant, antiherpetic, and wound healing properties.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to develop and validate a yet unexplored stability‐indicating and robust ultra‐fast liquid chromatography (UFLC) method for the simultaneous quantification of the main flavonoids of A. satureioides in extracts, nanoemulsions, and porcine skin layers.Material and methodsThe chromatographic separation of flavonoids quercetin, luteolin, and 3‐O‐methylquercetin was performed on a Luna C18 analytical column (100 mm × 2.0 mm i.d.; particle size 2.5 μm) using isocratic elution with methanol/phosphoric acid 1% (48:52 v/v) with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min at 40°C.ResultsThe method was found to be specific, linear (R > 0.998), precise, accurate, and robust for all flavonoids assayed in A. satureioides extract, nanoemulsions, and porcine ear skin. A low matrix effect was noted for all complex matrices. The stability‐indicating UFLC method was evaluated by submitting isolated flavonoids, a mixture of standards, and A. satureioides extract to acidic, alkaline, oxidative, UV‐A/UV‐C light, and thermal stress conditions. No peaks were found co‐eluting with the flavonoids of interest in all matrices. The robustness of the method was confirmed using Plackett–Burman experimental design.ConclusionThe short run time (8 min) and reliability of the method could be useful for the determination of A. satureioides flavonoids in topical product development since extracts of this medicinal plant have been used to treat various skin disorders.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of MS/MS Spectrum Prediction Tools for Shotgun Proteomics
Authors: Xu Rui , Sheng Jie , Bai Mingze , Shu Kunxian , Zhu Yunping , Chang Cheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpectrum prediction using machine learning or deep learning models is an emerging method in computational proteomics. Several deep learning‐based MS/MS spectrum prediction tools have been developed and showed their potentials not only for increasing the sensitivity and accuracy of data‐dependent acquisition search engines, but also for building spectral libraries for data‐independent acquisition analysis. Different tools with their unique algorithms and implementations may result in different performances. Hence, it is necessary to systematically evaluate these tools to find out their preferences and intrinsic differences. In this study, multiple datasets with different collision energies, enzymes, instruments, and species, are used to evaluate the performances of the deep learning‐based MS/MS spectrum prediction tools, as well as, the machine learning‐based tool MS2PIP. The evaluations may provide helpful insights and guidelines of spectrum prediction tools for the corresponding researchers.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate negative effects of arsenic‐induced stress on crop plants: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Neidhardt Harald 
Published: June 2020

Societal Impact StatementThe inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi shows great potential to increase the tolerance of host plants toward toxic arsenic. In many Asian countries and elsewhere, crops are increasingly being irrigated with arsenic‐contaminated groundwater, which causes loss of yield and the risk that arsenic enters the food chain. Greenhouse cultivation experiments demonstrated that AM fungi are able to increase the arsenic tolerance in crop plants, but the results are highly variable. This meta‐analysis demonstrates that AM fungi significantly reduce the arsenic concentration, and at the same time, positively modify the nutrient supply and the biomass in host crops that are grown under arsenic stress. Thus, the inoculation with AM fungi represents a promising approach to alleviate the negative effects of arsenic on crop growth, which deserves to be developed in future studies.SummaryRecent greenhouse experiments showed that the inoculation of crop plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi does not only improve plant nutrition but also shows great potential to increase the host plants’ tolerance toward the toxic metalloid arsenic (As). This approach could alleviate negative effects of crop plants grown under As stress, which causes substantial loss of yield and the risk of As entering the food chain. This is especially relevant in Asian countries and elsewhere where As subsequently accumulates in soil due to irrigation with As‐polluted groundwater. Overall effects of AM fungi symbiosis on seven crop plants grown under As stress were assessed by a meta‐analysis that included 299 studies obtained from 27 independent publications. Biomass, concentrations of As and phosphorus (P), and P/As ratios in plant tissue were used to evaluate the effects of AM fungi in host crops. Inoculation with AM fungi reduced As concentrations in tissue of host plants by 19% on average, while it increased the P/As ratio and biomass at the same time by 64% and 53%, respectively. With the exception of Helianthus annuus, AM effects were highly significant in all crop plants. The meta‐analysis results illustrate that AM fungi are able to significantly reduce As concentration, and at the same time, positively modify the nutrient supply and the biomass in host crops. These promising results strongly encourage the implementation of field trials as a next step toward the development of AM fungi‐based approaches to alleviate the negative effects of As stress on crop growth.
Pleural line thickness reference values for preterm and term newborns
Authors: Alonso‐Ojembarrena Almudena , Lechuga‐Sancho Alfonso María , Ruiz‐González Estefanía , González‐Haba‐Martínez Blanca , Lubián‐López Simón Pedro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn lung ultrasound (LUS), the pleural line is an artifact whose thickness depends on the underlying lung pathology. To date there are no published studies on normal values of pleural line thickness (PLT) in newborns.ObjectiveThe aim of our study is to describe normal PLT values in term newborn (TN) and preterm newborn (PTN).MethodsWe recruited eupneic TN and PTN, under 34 weeks of gestation, on their first 24 hours of life. Newborns presenting any respiratory distress since birth were excluded. LUS was performed in four areas: upper anterior, lower anterior, lateral and posterior. At each location, we measured PLT and values where compared. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and the kappa coefficient.ResultsWe included 23 TN with a median birth weight of 3365 g (interquartile range [IQR] 3100‐3575 g) and a median gestational age of 39 weeks (IQR, 38‐40 weeks). In the PTN group, 23 patients were included with a median birth weight of 1350 g (IQR, 1150‐1590 g) and a median gestational age of 31 weeks (IQR, 30‐32 weeks). Median PLT values were less than 1 mm, and there were no significant differences between groups at any locations, with the exception of the left lower anterior field (0.79 mm [IQR, 0.72‐0.89 mm] vs 0.68 mm [IQR, 0.62‐0.72 mm]). Intraobserver agreement was high: consistency ICC 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32‐0.92) and absolute ICC 0.78 (95% CI, 0.34‐0.93). Interobserver agreement was high for the definition of thin pleural line as less than 1 mm.ConclusionsTN and asymptomatic PTN have similar PLT values. Overall, PLT in healthy newborns should be less than 1 mm.
Patients' narratives of patient education in physiotherapy after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Jäppinen Anna‐Maija , Muñoz Minna , Kettunen Tarja , Piirainen Arja 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore patients' narratives of patient education in physiotherapy after a total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodThe data was collected via open thematic interviews from ten patients who had had a primary THA. The interviews were analysed using a qualitative, narrative method.ResultsThree story models of patient education in physiotherapy were identified: Supportive patient education in physiotherapy, Co‐operative patient education in physiotherapy and Contradictory patient education in physiotherapy. The emphasis of narration in the first story model was on the trust in the guidance, functioning interaction in the second and insufficient patient education in physiotherapy in the third story model.DiscussionAccording to the results of this study, patients with THA experience functioning interaction and trust in the patient education in physiotherapy as enhancing the rehabilitation process. Conversely insufficient patient education about exercising and follow‐up physiotherapy made the patients feel insecure and according to them might have slowed down the rehabilitation process. These findings can be utilized in planning and improving patient education in physiotherapy after THA.
Empirical profile Bayesian estimation for extrapolation of historical adult data to pediatric drug development
Authors: Wu Yaoshi , Hui Jianan , Deng Qiqi 
Published: June 2020

SummaryFor pediatric drug development, the clinical effectiveness of the study medication for the adult population has already been demonstrated. Given the fact that it is usually not feasible to enroll a large number of pediatric patients, appropriately leveraging historical adult data into pediatric evaluation may be critical to success of pediatric drug development. In this manuscript, we propose a new empirical Bayesian approach, profile Bayesian estimation, to dynamically borrow adult information to the evaluation of treatment effect in pediatric patients. The new approach demonstrates an attractive balance between type I error control and power gain under the transfer‐ability assumption that the pediatric treatment effect size may differ from the adult treatment effect size. The decision making boundary mimics the real‐world practice in pediatric drug development. In addition, the posterior mean of the proposed empirical profile Bayesian is an unbiased estimator of the true pediatric treatment effect. We compare our approach to robust mixture prior with prior weight for informative borrowing set to 0.5 or 0.9, regular Bayesian approach, and frequentist for both type I error and power.
Recurrent hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy in an adult with bronchiectasis
Authors: Tekiteki Amelia , Good William R. , Diggins Benjamin , Anderson Graeme , Wong Conroy A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA) is a well‐documented complication of pulmonary malignancy and cystic fibrosis (CF). However, HPOA associated with exacerbations of non‐CF bronchiectasis has only been reported once previously in an adolescent. We describe a case of an adult patient with bronchiectasis and HPOA, whose joint symptoms flared during pulmonary exacerbations and improved with treatment of each exacerbation.
A tutorial on the use of exploratory efficacy outcomes in uncontrolled phase I cell therapy trials
Authors: Troy Jesse D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Phase I cell therapy clinical trials evaluate the safety of novel biologic treatments and are often uncontrolled. Many of these studies also include exploratory efficacy outcome measures, which are frequently continuous measures of disease state or severity, or participant-reported measures of symptom burden or quality of life. When such outcomes are included in uncontrolled phase I trials, they are typically serially assessed on the participants over time, and any improvement from baseline is interpreted as preliminary evidence of efficacy justifying a future, controlled trial. However, it is challenging to distinguish true improvement from regression to the mean in this design. The problem is exacerbated when trial entry criteria are based on extreme values of the outcome measure used to assess efficacy. It is possible to estimate the expected effect of regression to the mean when the natural history of the outcome measure is known, yet this is rarely done in practice. This article provides a refresher on regression to the mean for investigators designing early phase clinical trials in cell therapy and evaluates the potential for regression to the mean to have influenced conclusions drawn from recently conducted phase I cell therapy trials.
Surface‐Plasmon‐Enhanced Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Gu Lianghui , Wen Kaichuan , Peng Qiming , Huang Wei , Wang Jianpu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted considerable attention because of their potential in display and lighting applications. To promote commercialization of PeLEDs, it is important to improve the external quantum efficiency of the devices, which depends on their internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and light extraction efficiency. Optical simulations have revealed that 20–50% of the light generated in the device will be lost to surface plasmon (SP) modes formed in the metal/dielectric interfaces. Therefore, extracting the optical energy in SP modes to the air will greatly increase the light extraction efficiency of PeLEDs. In addition, the SPs can accelerate radiative recombination of the emitter via near‐field effects. Thus, the IQE of a PeLED can also be enhanced by SP manipulation. In this review, first, general concepts of the SPs and how they can enhance the efficiency of LEDs are introduced. Then recent progresses in SP‐enhanced emission of perovskite films and LEDs are systematically reviewed. After that, the challenges and opportunities of the SP‐enhanced PeLEDs are shown, followed by an outlook of further development of the SPs in perovskite optoelectronic devices.