bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of 2017 influenza outbreaks in nine Australian Aged care facilities
Authors: Hooshmand Elmira , Moa Aye , Trent Mallory , Kunasekaran Mohana , Poulos Christopher J. , Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , MacIntyre C. Raina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe 2017 A/H3N2 influenza season was the most severe season since the 2009 influenza pandemic. There were over 591 influenza outbreaks in institutions across the state of New South Wales (NSW) in Australia.AimTo describe the epidemiology of influenza outbreaks in nine Sydney aged care facilities in 2017.MethodsStudy data were collected from nine Sydney aged care facilities for 2017 influenza season. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted.ResultsFrom the nine sites included, with a total of 716 residents, four sites reported laboratory‐confirmed influenza outbreaks during the study period, with an attack rate in residents ranging from 6% to 29%. The outbreaks resulted in lockdowns in two facilities and hospitalisation of seven residents. No deaths were reported as a result of influenza infection. Influenza A was the most common influenza type reported across the facilities. The duration of outbreak lasted for 1‐4 weeks varied by site.ConclusionThe 2017 season was a severe influenza season recorded in Australia. About half of the facilities studied experienced outbreaks of influenza, with a high attack rate among residents. Infection prevention and control measures and outbreak management plans are crucial for aged care facilities, including vaccination of staff and visitors to prevent outbreaks among the vulnerable residents.
Up‐regulation of CDHR5 expression promotes malignant phenotype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gao Junyi , Wang Mengyi , Li Tong , Liu Qiaofei , You Lei , Liao Quan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCDHR5 has been reported to play key roles in carcinogenesis of various cancers, but its roles in pancreatic cancer have not been reported. The present study was designed to investigate its clinical value in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Tissue microarray‐based immunohistochemistry was performed to analyse the correlation between CDHR5 expression and clinical and pathological features of PDAC, as well as the CDHR5 expression during tumour progression. Cell function assays were performed to investigate CDHR5’s effects on PDAC cells. Moreover, qRT‐PCR was applied to investigate the expression of CDHR5 isoforms in PDAC cells. Expression of CDHR5 was higher on the membrane of PDAC cells. This high expression level was associated with shorter overall survival of PDAC patients and was identified as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival by multivariate Cox regression analysis. In addition, expression level of CDHR5 presented an increased trend in the occurrence and progression of PDAC. Cell experiment suggested that CDHR5 could notably promote invasion and migration of PDAC cells. Moreover, analysis of CDHR5 isoforms indicated CDHR5‐L was the major isoform expressed in PDAC cell lines. CDHR5 appears to be a promising and novel prognostic factor for PDAC, and its promotion in PDAC metastasis might be ascribed to the isoform CDHR5‐L.
Growth inhibition of foodborne pathogens by co‐microencapsulation of lactobacilli cell free and propolis extracts
Authors: Burgut Aykut 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCell free extracts (CFE) obtained from Lactobacillus plantarum FI 8595 and Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 alone or in combination with propolis ethanolic or water extracts (1%) were microencapsulated with maltodextrin (25%) before the subsequent spray drying process. They were morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscope. Chemical compositions of pure extracts were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activities of pure and microencapsulated extracts against four foodborne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC19112, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC700603 and Salmonella Paratyphi A NCTC13) were determined using agar well diffusion, broth microdilution and time kill assays. CFE from L. reuteri and L. plantarum consisted of acetic acid, pyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrazine‐1,4‐dione, hexahydro‐3‐(phenylmethyl)‐, 2,3,4‐trihydroxybenzaldehyde and 9‐octadecenoic acid. The results also indicated the presence of two respective major compounds, namely, 2‐methoxy‐4‐vinylphenol (19.03%) and trans‐cinnamic acid (27.67%) in water and ethanolic propolis extracts. Presence of propolis extracts mainly ethanolic extract in microencapsulation led to higher inhibition zones against all foodborne pathogens (p < .05). The co‐microencapsulation of CFE from L. reuteri in combination with ethanolic or water extract of propolis resulted in 2.34‐ and 2.2‐fold higher inhibition zone towards L. monocytogenes. Pure and microencapsulated CFE from L. reuteri resulted in 2.89 and 2.14 log cfu/ml reduction in growth of S. Paratyphi A at 3 hr, respectively. The co‐microencapsulation of CFE from lactobacilli and propolis extracts mainly ethanolic extract could be suggested as a novel antimicrobial on inhibition of food pathogens, as they contain abundant bioactive substances.
Development and evolution of the notarium in Pterosauria
Authors: Aires Alex Schiller , Reichert Leici Machado , Müller Rodrigo Temp , Pinheiro Felipe Lima , Andrade Marco Brandalise 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe notarium is the structure formed by fusion of the dorsal vertebrae which occurred independently in pterosaurs and birds. This ankylosis usually involves two to six elements and in many cases, also includes the last cervical vertebra. Fusion can occur in different degrees, uniting the vertebral centra, the neural spines, the transverse processes, the ventral processes, or a combination of these sites. A detailed assessment of the fusion process of pterosaur dorsal vertebrae is still lacking. Here we identify the fusion sequence of pterosaur notarial elements, demonstrating the order of ossification in vertebral bodies and neural spines based on fossils and extant birds. In both Pterosauria and Aves, the notarium generally develops in a antero‐posterior direction, but the actual order of each fusion locus may present slight variations. Based on our data, we were able to identify seven developmental stages in the notarium formation, with broad implications for the prediction of ontogenetic stages for the Pterosauria. In addition, we report the occurrence of a notarium in Ardeadactylus longicollum (Kimmeridgian, Southern Germany), the oldest occurrence of this structure in pterosaurs.
The global trends and regional differences in incidence of HEV infection from 1990 to 2017 and implications for HEV prevention
Authors: Jing Wenzhan , Liu Jue , Liu Min 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground/AimsHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an important cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide, but it is long‐neglected. We aimed to understand the global trends and regional differences in the incidence of HEV infection, thereby making global tailored prevention strategies.MethodsThis study is a post‐hoc analysis of the data from Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Annual HEV incident cases and incidence rates from 1990 to 2017 were collected. Changes in incident cases and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of age‐standardized incidence rates (ASRs) were calculated to quantify the temporal trends of HEV infection.ResultsGlobally, HEV ASRs decreased by an average 0.16% (95% CI: 0.14%‐0.17%) per year from 279.79 per 100 000 in 1990 to 269.70 per 100 000 in 2017; however, the number of HEV incident cases increased by 17.63% from 16.53 million in 1990 to 19.44 million in 2017. Against the global trend of ASR falling, an increasing trend was reported in Oceania (EAPC = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.03‐0.04) and Western Europe (EAPC = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01‐0.03). The number of HEV incident cases increased remarkably in low (63.07%) and low‐middle (37.46%) Socio‐Demographic Index (SDI) regions between 1990 and 2017. Additionally, the number of HEV incident cases increased by 4.63% in high SDI regions, mainly in 40 plus age group. Surprisingly, more than 40% of HEV incident cases in Western Europe in 2017 were over 40 years old.ConclusionsHEV is still pending in hyperendemic regions, and it is emerging in low endemic regions, suggesting more efforts should be done to make targeted prevention strategies.
Charisma and communities of feeling
Authors: Uzelac Gordana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTheories of nations and nationalism have serious problems when dealing with the concept of charisma. Besides frequent conceptual confusion, the concept of charisma is predominantly observed from either the structuralist position or the perspective of psychological reductionism. Charisma is so often sought in the properties of an office, within an ideology, character of a leader or general socio‐economic circumstances of an epoch. In the example of the commonly examined case—that of Hitler—this article argues that charisma is a property of experience and it is the emotional reaction of the audience that validates it. This article builds on Erika Fischer‐Lichte's theory of performance to argue that successful performances of charisma create a type of community that is not based solely on common beliefs but more importantly on shared emotions and experiences. Studying charisma as a property of experience is a step toward understanding the emotional character of nationalism itself.
Unusual findings in ultrasound screening for carpal tunnel syndrome in a patient with acromegaly: Bifid median nerve and persistent median artery
Authors: Cüce İsa , Beke Sinem Kübra , Veziroğlu Enes , Demir Hüseyin , Bayram Fahri 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common complication in acromegaly and is often associated with enlargement of the median nerve. Morphological changes in the median nerve and surrounding tissues can be visualized easily by ultrasound (US) scanning in suspected patients. Ultrasonography also offers priceless contributions to visualization of anatomical variations and pathological conditions that may potentially be associated with CTS. We present the presence of bifid median nerve and persistent median artery, which are both unusual findings, during the US screening for CTS in a 36‐year‐old male patient with acromegaly.
Inhaled hypertonic saline after pediatric lung transplant—Caution required?
Authors: Shkurka Emma , Spencer Helen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractManagement of pulmonary infection following lung transplant is multifaceted and includes respiratory physiotherapy. Inhaled hypertonic saline (HTS) has been introduced as an adjunct to physiotherapy in pediatric transplant patients. There are no published studies investigating the use of HTS in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inhaled HTS, in the acute post‐operative period, in pediatric lung transplant patients. A retrospective case‐note review was completed at a single UK pediatric transplant center. An intervention group who received HTS was compared to a historical control group. Participants were frequency matched for age, gender, and diagnosis (14 per group); median age in years was 13.7(IQR 12.7‐15.3) in the controls and 14.8(IQR 12.4‐16.1) in the intervention group. Primary outcome was the requirement of invasive and non‐invasive ventilation. Secondary outcomes included oxygen use and length of stay. Median days of invasive ventilation were shorter in the control group (1, 95% CI 1‐1) compared to the intervention group (2, 95% CI 1‐2.5) (P < .05). Days of non‐invasive ventilation and oxygen were higher in the HTS group, but this was not statistically significant. The controls displayed shorter median length of stay (23 days, 95% CI 20‐24) compared to the intervention group (31 days, 95% CI 24.5‐39) (P < .05). The results of this small study provide uncertainty regarding the safety of inhaled hypertonic saline after lung transplant. There was a trend of poorer acute outcomes in patients who received HTS. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution and further investigation using larger samples is required.
Restoration of nocturnal blood pressure dip and reduction of nocturnal blood pressure with evening anti‐hypertensive medication administration in pediatric kidney transplant recipients: A pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sethna Christine B. , Grossman Lindsay G. , Dhanantwari Preeta , Gurusinghe Shari , Laney Nina , Frank Rachel , Meyers Kevin E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNon‐dipping and nocturnal hypertension are commonly found during ABPM in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. These entities are independently associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk in adults. Kidney transplant recipients aged 5‐21 years with eGFR > 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and ABPM demonstrating non‐dipping status and normal daytime BP were randomized to intervention (short acting BP medication added in the evening) or control (no medication change) in this pilot, randomized, open‐label, blinded end‐point clinical trial. ABPM, echocardiography, and PWV were performed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The trial included 17 intervention and 16 control participants. Conversion to dipper status occurred in 53.3% vs 7.7% (P = .01) at 6 months for intervention and controls, respectively. Systolic dip was greater in the intervention group compared to controls (10.9 ± 4.5 vs 4.2 ± 4.6, P = .001), and average systolic nighttime BP was significantly lower in the intervention group (106 ± 8.3 vs 114.9 ± 9.5 mm Hg, P = .01) at 6 months. There were no significant differences in LVMI, PWV, or eGFR between groups. Within‐group changes in the intervention group demonstrated improvements in non‐dippers, dipping, systolic nighttime BP and nighttime BP load. Restoration of nocturnal dip and improvement in nocturnal BP were observed in the population following chronotherapy. Future studies are needed with larger sample sizes over a longer period of time to delineate the long‐term effect of improved nocturnal dip on target organ damage.
The roles of small‐molecule inflammatory mediators in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Cheng Qi , Wu Huaxiang , Du Yan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Although great progress has been made in the treatment of RA with antagonists of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1, the disease remains refractory in some patients. Previous studies have found that small‐molecule inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, lipoxins and platelet‐activating factor, play a significant role in the development of RA. Such compounds help to induce, maintain or reduce inflammation and could therefore be potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we describe the roles of various classes of small‐molecule inflammatory mediators in RA and discuss the effects of some drugs that modulate their activity. Many drugs targeting these mediators have demonstrated good efficacy in mouse models of RA but not in patients. However, it is clear that many small‐molecule inflammatory mediators play key roles in the pathogenesis of RA, and a better understanding of the underlying molecular pathways may assist in the development of targeted therapies that are efficacious in RA patients.
Patient characteristics associated with a poor response to non-surgical multidisciplinary management of knee osteoarthritis: a multisite prospective longitudinal study in an advanced practice physiotherapist-led tertiary service
Authors: O'Leary Shaun , Raymer Maree , Window Peter , Swete Kelly Patrick , Elwell Bula , McLoughlin Ian , O'Sullivan Will , Phillips Ben , Wake Anneke , Ralph Andrew , O'Gorman Helen , Jang Ellen , Groves Karen , Hislop Andrew , Lee Darryl , Garsden Linda , Conroy Michael , Wickins Daniel , Vicenzino Bill , Comans Tracy , Cottrell Michelle , Khan Asaduzzaman , McPhail Steven 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo explore patient characteristics recorded at the initial consultation associated with a poor response to non-surgical multidisciplinary management of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in tertiary care.DesignProspective multisite longitudinal study.SettingAdvanced practice physiotherapist-led multidisciplinary orthopaedic service within eight tertiary hospitals.Participants238 patients with KOA.Primary and secondary outcome measuresStandardised measures were recorded in all patients prior to them receiving non-surgical multidisciplinary management in a tertiary hospital service across multiple sites. These measures were examined for their relationship with a poor response to management 6 months after the initial consultation using a 15-point Global Rating of Change measure (poor response (scores −7 to +1)/positive response (scores+2 to+7)). Generalised linear models with binomial family and logit link were used to examine which patient characteristics yielded the strongest relationship with a poor response to management as estimated by the OR (95% CI).ResultsOverall, 114 out of 238 (47.9%) participants recorded a poor response. The odds of a poor response decreased with higher patient expectations of benefit (OR 0.74 (0.63 to 0.87) per 1/10 point score increase) and higher self-reported knee function (OR 0.67 (0.51 to 0.89) per 10/100 point score increase) (p<0.01). The odds of a poor response increased with a greater degree of varus frontal knee alignment (OR 1.35 (1.03 to 1.78) per 5° increase in varus angle) and a severe (compared with mild) radiological rating of medial compartment degenerative change (OR 3.11 (1.04 to 9.3)) (p<0.05).ConclusionsThese characteristics may need to be considered in patients presenting for non-surgical multidisciplinary management of KOA in tertiary care. Measurement of these patient characteristics may potentially better inform patient-centred management and flag the need for judicious monitoring of outcome for some patients to avoid unproductive care.
Cross-sectional study of dengue-related knowledge, attitudes and practices in Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru
Authors: Elson William H , Ortega Emma , Kreutzberg-Martinez Michelle , Jacquerioz Frederique , Cabrera Lilia N , Oberhelman Richard A , Paz-Soldan Valerie A 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo describe and quantify the dengue-related knowledge, attitudes and practices of residents in an urban shantytown in Lima, Peru.Design/settingA cross-sectional survey of adults between 18 and 80 years living in approximately 120 blocks in Oasis, an urban shantytown situated in the low-to-middle income district of Villa El Salvador in Southern Lima. The survey was adapted from an existing survey previously used in Iquitos, Peru, and included questions relating to knowledge of dengue symptoms, transmission, prevention and current mosquito control practices.ParticipantsA total of 240 surveys were completed with 80% of respondents being female and approximately 50% of all respondents describing themselves as housewives.ResultsAlthough 97.9% of respondents had heard of dengue, only 6.2% of people knew someone who had experienced the disease. Approximately half (54.2%) of the respondents knew dengue was transmitted by mosquitoes and 51.7% were able to identify fever and one other correct symptom of dengue. Female sex was significantly associated with greater symptom knowledge (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.72) and prevention knowledge (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.06 to 4.21). Past or current higher education attendance was significantly associated with symptom knowledge (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.25 to 5.44) and transmission knowledge (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.69 to 7.57). Knowledge of dengue was not significantly associated with carrying out practices to control mosquitoes (OR 1.76, 95% CI 0.87 to 3.54).ConclusionsThis population demonstrated baseline dengue knowledge. However, this was incomplete and substantially less when compared with endemic areas. Given the sporadic nature of dengue transmission in Lima, it is not surprising that knowledge of the disease was not associated with carrying out practices to reduce mosquitoes. However, as dengue transmission in Lima is likely to increase, understanding how best to improve public knowledge of the disease and how to translate this into appropriate community action will be a key public health consideration.
Delirium prevention and treatment in the emergency department (ED): a systematic review protocol
Authors: Dahlstrom Elijah Blue , Han Jin Ho , Healy Heather , Kennedy Maura , Arendts Glenn , Lee Jacques , Carpenter Chris , Lee Sangil 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionDelirium is a dangerous syndrome of acute brain dysfunction that is common in the emergency department (ED), especially among the geriatric population. Most systematic reviews of interventions for delirium prevention and treatment have focused on inpatient settings. Best practices of effective delirium care in ED settings have not been established. The primary objective of this study is to identify pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions as applied by physicians, nursing staff, pharmacists and other ED personnel to prevent incident delirium and to shorten the severity and duration of prevalent delirium in a geriatric population within the ED.Methods and analysisSearches using subject headings and keywords will be conducted from database inception through June 2020 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsychINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global and Cochrane CENTRAL as well as grey literature. Database searches will not be limited by date or language. Two reviewers will identify studies describing any interventions for delirium prevention and/or treatment in the ED. Disagreements will be settled by a third reviewer. Pooled data analysis will be performed where possible using Review Manager. Risk ratios and weighted difference of means will be used for incidence of delirium and other binary outcomes related to delirium, delirium severity or duration of symptoms, along with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity will be measured by calculating I2, and a forest plot will be created. If significant heterogeneity is identified, metaregression is planned using OpenMeta to identify possible sources of heterogeneity.Ethics and disseminationThis is a systematic review of previously conducted research; accordingly, it does not constitute human subjects research needing ethics review. This review will be prepared as a manuscript and submitted for publication to a peer-reviewed journal, and the results will be presented at conferences.PROSPERO trial registration numberCRD42020169654.