bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREDICTIVE VALUE OF SMELL AND TASTE TEST VS PCR-RT SARS-COV-2 AND RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTION BY COVID-19. A PROSPECTIVE MULTI-CENTRIC STUDY
Authors: Rosalinda Pieruzzini , Carlos Ayala-Grosso , José de Jesús Navas , Carolina Rodríguez Wilneg , Nathalia Parra , Emily Luque , Aida Sánchez Gago , Scarleth González , Alexandra Hagobian , Angeline Grullón , Karen Díaz , Mariano Morales , Melanie De Jesús , Sonia Peña , Luis Rodríguez , Lenin Peña Luis , Ana Asaro , Magda Magris 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYThere is a relationship between smell and taste disturbances and coronavirus infection. These symptoms have been considered the best predictor of coronavirus infection, for this reason, it was decided to evaluate the predictive value of the smell and taste test and its association with the results of SARS-CoV-2 PCR-RT and rapid diagnostic tests. in the diagnosis of pathology. Methodology: 248 patients divided into 3 groups: asymptomatic, symptomatic without chemosensory disorders, and chemosensory disorders alone. All of them underwent SARS-CoV-2 PCR-RT, a rapid diagnostic test and a test of Venezuelan smell and basic taste at the beginning. Weekly follow-up with smell and taste test and SARS-CoV-2 PCR-RT until recovery. Results: 20.56% of patients had smell and taste disorders to a variable degree and were positive by SARS-CoV-PCR-RT. 2.15.3% of patients with chemosensory disorders were negative for COVID-19. The positive predictive value of the smell and taste test was 57.3; Sensitivity 41.13% and specificity 69.35%. There were no statistically significant differences by age, sex and chemosensory disorders. The predominant chemosensory disorder was the combination of mild hyposmia and hypogeusia and appeared in the company of other symptoms. Recovery occurred in an average of 8.5 days, asynchronously with the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negativization, which occurred up to more than 15 days after the senses recovered. Maximum time of negativization of the RT-PCR of 34 days. Conclusion: chemosensory disorders are a symptom and / or sign of coronavirus disease but cannot be considered as predictors of said disease in this population studied. The gold standard remains the SARS-CoV-2 PCR-RT test. Rapid diagnostic tests should be used for follow-up. Recommendations: it is necessary to expand the sample, include routine psychophysical smell and taste tests to screen cases and take race and virus mutations into consideration to explain behavior in certain populations.
Correlation between continuous Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) values and occurrence of Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in SARS-CoV2 patients during non-invasive ventilation with Helmet
Authors: Gidaro Antonio , Samartin Federica , Brambilla Anna M. , Cogliati Chiara , Ingrassia Stella , Banfi Francesco , Cupiraggi Viola , Bonino Cecilia , Schiuma Marco , Giacomelli Andrea , Rusconi Stefano , Currà Jaqueline , Brucato Antonio Luca , Salvi Emanuele 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure is a common complication of SARS-CoV2 related pneumonia, for which non-invasive ventilation (NIV) with Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is widely used. The frequency of pneumothorax in SARS-CoV2 was reported in 0.95% of hospitalized patients in 6% of mechanically ventilated patients, and in 1% of a post-mortem case series.ObjectivesAim of our retrospective study was to investigate the incidence of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum (PNX/PNM) in SARS-CoV2 pneumonia patients treated with Helmet CPAP. Moreover, we examined the correlation between PNX/PNM and Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) values.MethodsWe collected data from patients admitted to “Luigi Sacco” University Hospital of Milan from 2 February to 5 May 2020 with SARS-CoV2 pneumonia requiring CPAP. Patients, who need NIV with bi-level pressure or endotracheal intubation (ETI) for any reason except those who needed ETI after PNX/PNM, were excluded. Population was divided in two groups according to PEEP level used (≤10 cmH2O and >10 cmH20).Results154 patients were enrolled. In the overall population, 42 patients (27%) were treated with High-PEEP (>10 cmH2O), and 112 with Low-PEEP (≤10 cmH2O). During hospitalization 3 PNX and 2 PNM occurred (3.2%). Out of these five patients, 2 needed invasive ventilation after PNX and died. All the PNX/PNM occurred in the High-PEEP group (5/37 vs 0/112, p<0,001).ConclusionThe incidence of PNX appears to be lower in SARS-CoV2 than SARS and MERS. Considering the association of PNX/PNM with high PEEP we suggest using the lower PEEP as possible to prevent these complications.
Exploring the utility of social-ecological and entomological risk factors for dengue infection as surveillance indicators in the dengue hyper-endemic city of Machala, Ecuador
Authors: Lippi Catherine A. , Stewart-Ibarra Anna M. , Endy Timothy P. , Abbott Mark , Cueva Cinthya , Heras Froilán , Polhemus Mark , Beltrán-Ayala Efraín , Ryan Sadie J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe management of mosquito-borne diseases is a challenge in southern coastal Ecuador, where dengue is hyper-endemic and co-circulates with other arboviral diseases. Prior work in the region has explored social-ecological factors, dengue case data, and entomological indices. In this study, we bring together entomological and epidemiological data to describe links between social-ecological factors associated with risk of dengue transmission at the household level in Machala, Ecuador. Households surveys were conducted from 2014–2016 to assess the presence of adult Aedes aegypti (collected via aspiration) and to enumerate housing conditions, demographics, and mosquito prevention behaviors. Household-level dengue infection status was determined by laboratory diagnostics in 2014–2015. Logistic models and multimodel selection were used to identify social-ecological variables associated with household presence of female Ae. aegypti and household dengue infection status, respectively. We identified significant risk factors for household-level dengue infection reflecting household condition, including bamboo cane construction material, shaded patios, and adjacency to abandoned properties, while housing structures in good condition were identified as protective against dengue infection. Aedes aegypti presence was associated with a greater than average number people per household and interrupted water supply, but was not associated with household level dengue infections. Models of Ae aegypti presence were unstable, and not well resolved in ranking of competing models, suggesting that highly localized entomological surveillance indicators may not be indicative of risk in communities with hyperendemic dengue fever. These findings add to our understanding of the systems of mosquito-borne disease transmission in Machala, and in the larger region of southern Ecuador, aiding in the development of improved vector surveillance efforts, and targeted interventions.
Arm choice post-stroke is habitual rather than optimal in right-, but not in left-paretic individuals
Authors: Kim Sujin , Han Cheol E. , Kim Bokkyu , Winstein Carolee J. , Schweighofer Nicolas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn non-disabled individuals, arm choice in pointing movements depends on expected biomechanical effort, expected success, and a handedness bias. Following a stroke, is arm choice re-optimized to account for the decreased motor performance, or does it follow a pre-injury habitual pattern? Because premorbidly right-handed individuals with left hemiparesis generally use their affected arm less than those with right hemiparesis, we hypothesized that arm choice follows a more habitual pattern in right-than in left-hemiparetic individuals. Participants with mild to moderate chronic stroke who were right-handed before stroke performed pointing movements in both free- and forced-choice blocks, both under a no-time constraint condition and under a fast-time constraint condition designed to promote habitual choice. Mixed-effects models of arm choice revealed that expected effort and side of stroke predicted choices overall. However, expected success predicted choice in left-, but not of right-hemiparetic individuals. Furthermore, while left-hemiparetic individuals tended to avoid unsuccessful movements in the fast condition by selecting their non-paretic arm, right-hemiparetic individuals persevered in choosing their more affected arm. In addition, reaction times decreased in left-hemiparetic individuals between the no-time and the fast condition but showed no changes in right-hemiparetic individuals. Finally, arm choice in the no-time condition correlated with a clinical measure of spontaneous arm use for right-, but not for left-hemiparetic individuals. Our results thus show that, in premorbidly right-handed individuals with mild to moderate chronic stroke, arm choice is habitual in right-hemiparetic individuals, but shows a greater degree of optimality by taking account expected success in left-hemiparetic individuals.New & NoteworthyAlthough we are seldom aware of it, we constantly make decisions to use one arm or the other in our daily activities. Here, we study whether these decisions change following a chronic mild to moderate stroke that affects motor control. Our results show that chronic stroke survivors with a right hemiparesis make arm choice using a habitual strategy, while those with left hemiparesis re-optimize their choices to account for their impaired motor performance.
Increased amygdala volume and functional connectivity with cognitive control networks in chronic migraine
Authors: DeSouza Danielle D. , Krimmel Samuel R. , Sanjanwala Bharati M. , Peretz Addie , Menon Vinod , Seminowicz David A. , Cowan Robert P. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo characterize the role of the amygdala in episodic (EM) and chronic (CM) migraine, we evaluated amygdala volumes, functional connectivity (FC), and associations with clinical and affective measures.MethodsEighty-eight patients (44 with EM and 44 age- and sex-matched patients with CM) completed anatomical and resting-state functional MRI scans. Amygdala volumes and resting-state FC to three core large-scale cognitive control networks (default mode (DMN), salience (SN), central executive (CEN)) were compared between groups. Associations between amygdala volume and FC, measures of headache severity (frequency and intensity), and cognitive-affective measures (depression, anxiety, pain catastrophizing) were evaluated.ResultsCompared to EM, patients with CM had larger amygdala volume bilaterally. Headache frequency and intensity were associated with increased left and right amygdala volume, and depression was associated with increased right amygdala volume. Patients with CM also demonstrated increased left amygdala FC with the DMN, which across patients was related to headache frequency. Left amygdala FC to the SN was correlated with headache intensity while right amygdala FC to the CEN was correlated with pain catastrophizing.ConclusionOur findings reveal increased amygdala volume and FC with large-scale neurocognitive networks in patients with CM compared to EM. Aberrant amygdala volume and FC measures were associated with increased migraine severity, depression, and pain catastrophizing, pointing to a link between emotion and pain in migraine. Our findings provide novel insights into amygdala involvement in chronic migraine and may inform future interventions aimed at preventing the progression of both headache and its negative cognitive-affective symptoms.
Predicting Depression from Hearing Loss Using Machine Learning
Authors: Crowson Matthew G. , Franck Kevin H , Rosella Laura C. , Chan Timothy C. Y. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundHearing loss is the most common sensory loss in humans and carries an enhanced risk of depression. No prior studies have attempted a contemporary machine learning approach to predict depression using subjective and objective hearing loss predictors.ObjectiveTo deploy supervised machine learning to predict scores on a validated depression scale using subjective and objective audiometric variables and other health determinant predictors.DesignWe used a large predictor set of health determinants to forecast individuals’ scores on a validated instrument to screen for the presence and severity of depression (PHQ-9). After model training, the relative influence of individual predictors on depression scores was stratified and analyzed.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016 database.PatientsAdult survey participants.MeasurementsModel prediction error performance.ResultsThe test-set mean absolute error was 3.03 (CI 95%: 2.91-3.14) and 2.55 (CI 95%: 2.48-2.62) on datasets with audiology-only predictors and all predictors, respectively, on the PHQ-9’s 27-point scale. Participants’ self-reported frustration when talking to members of family or friends due to hearing loss was the fifth-most influential of all predictors. Of the top ten most influential audiometric predictors, five were related to social contexts, two for significant noise exposure, two objective audiometric parameters, and one presence of bothersome tinnitus.ConclusionsMachine learning algorithms can accurately predict PHQ-9 depression scale scores from NHANES data. The most influential audiometric predictors of higher scores on a validated depression scale were social dynamics of hearing loss and not objective Such models could be useful in predicting depression scale scores at the point-of-care in conjunction with a standard audiologic assessment.
SARS-CoV-2 Viral RNA Load Dynamics in the Nasopharynx of Infected Children
Authors: Kam Kai-qian , Thoon Koh Cheng , Maiwald Matthias , Chong Chia Yin , Soong Han Yang , Loo Liat Hui , Tan Natalie Woon Hui , Li Jiahui , Nadua Karen Donceras , Yung Chee Fu 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIt is important to understand the temporal trend of pediatric severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load to estimate the transmission potential of children in schools and communities. We determined differences in SARS-CoV-2 viral load dynamics between nasopharyngeal samples of infected asymptomatic and symptomatic children. The daily cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharynx of a cohort of infected children were collected for analysis. Among 17 infected children, 10 (58.8%) were symptomatic. Symptomatic children, when compared to asymptomatic children, had higher viral load (mean cycle threshold on day 7 of illness 28.6 versus 36.7, p = 0.02). Peak SARS-CoV-2 viral loads occured around days 2-3 of illness/days of diagnosis in infected children. After adjusting for the estimated date of infection, the higher SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in symptomatic children remained. We postulate that symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected children may have higher transmissibility than asymptomatic children. As peak viral load in infected children occurred in the early stage of illness, viral shedding and transmission in the pre-symptomatic phase probable. Our study highlights the importance of screening for SARS-CoV-2 in children with epidemiological risk factors, even when they are asymptomatic in order to improve containment of the virus in the community, including educational settings.Key pointsSymptomatic children had higher SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in the nasopharynx than asymptomatic children, which may indicate that symptomatic children have higher transmissibility.Peak SARS-CoV-2 viral loads occurred early around 2-3 days post symptom onset iin children and therefore, pre-symptomatic transmission of the virus is probable.Symptom based screening for SARS-CoV-2 may not be effective in diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children as a proportion of children may be asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic.Children with high epidemiological risk factors should be screened or isolated as they may be carriers of the virus and contribute to transmission.
Flagellar energetics from high-resolution imaging of beating patterns in tethered mouse sperm
Authors: Nandagiri Ashwin , Gaikwad Avinash S. , Potter David L. , Nosrati Reza , Soria Julio , O’Bryan Moira K. , Jadhav Sameer , Prabhakar Ranganathan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile much is known about the microstructure of sperm flagella, the mechanisms behind the generation of flagellar beating patterns by the axoneme are still not fully understood. We demonstrate a technique for investigating the energetics of flagella or cilia. We record the planar beating of tethered wildtype andCrisp2-knockout mouse sperm at high-speed and high-resolution and extract centerlines using digital image processing techniques. We accurately reconstruct beating waveforms using a Chebyshev-polynomial based Proper Orthogonal Decomposition of the centerline tangent-angle profiles. External hydrodynamic forces and the internal resistance from the passive flagellar material are calculated from the observed kinematics of the beating patterns using a Soft, Internally-Driven Kirchhoff-Rod (SIDKR) model. Energy conservation is employed to further compute the flagellar energetics. We thus obtain the distribution of mechanical power exerted by the dynein motors without any further assumptions about mechanisms regulating axonemal function. We find that, in both the mouse genotypes studied, a large proportion of the mechanical power exerted by the dynein motors is dissipated internally, within the passive structures of the flagellum and by the motors themselves. This internal dissipation is considerably greater than the hydrodynamic dissipation in the aqueous medium outside. The net power input from the dynein motors in sperm fromCrisp2-knockout mice is significantly smaller than in corresponding wildtype samples. The reduced power is correlated with slower beating and smaller amplitudes. These measurements of flagellar energetics indicate that the ion-channel regulating cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs) may also be involved in regulating mammalian sperm motility.
Identification of Lysine Isobutyrylation as A New Histone Modification Mark
Authors: Zhu Zhesi , Han Zhen , Halabelian Levon , Yang Xiangkun , Ding Jun , Zhang Nawei , Ngo Liza , Song Jiabao , Zeng Hong , He Maomao , Zhao Yingming , Arrowsmith Cheryl H. , Luo Minkui , Bartlett Michael G. , Zheng Y. George 
Published: September 2020

AbstractShort-chain acylation of lysine residues in eukaryotic proteins are recognized as essential posttranslational chemical modifications (PTMs) that regulate cellular processes from transcription, cell cycle, metabolism, to signal transduction. Lysine butyrylation was initially discovered as a normal straight chain butyrylation (Knbu). Here we report its structural isomer, branched chain butyrylation, i.e. lysine isobutyrylation (Kibu), existing as a new PTM on nuclear histones. Uniquely, isobutyryl-CoA is derived from valine catabolism and branched chain fatty acid oxidation which is distinct from the metabolism of n-butyryl-CoA. Several histone acetyltransferases were found to possess lysine isobutyryltransferase activity, especially p300 and HAT1. We resolved the X-ray crystal structures of HAT1 in complex with isobutyryl-CoA that gleaned an atomic level insight into HAT-catalyzed isobutyrylation. RNA-Seq profiling revealed that isobutyrate greatly affected the expression of genes associated with many pivotal biological pathways. Our findings identify Kibu as a novel chemical modification mark in histones and suggest its extensive role in regulating epigenetics and cellular physiology.
Neither the availability of D2 nor CP43 limits the biogenesis of PSII in tobacco
Authors: Fu Han-Yi , Ghandour Rabea , Ruf Stephanie , Zoschke Reimo , Bock Ralph , Schöttler Mark Aurel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe pathway of photosystem II assembly is well understood and multiple auxiliary proteins supporting it have been identified. By contrast, little is known about rate-limiting steps controlling PSII biogenesis. In the green algaChlamydomonas reinhardtii, biosynthesis of the chloroplast-encoded D2 reaction center subunit (PsbD) limits PSII accumulation. To determine the importance of D2 synthesis for PSII accumulation in vascular plants and elucidate the contributions of transcriptional and translational regulation, the 5’-untranslated region ofpsbDwas modified via chloroplast transformation in tobacco. A drastic reduction inpsbDmRNA abundance resulted in a strong decrease of PSII content, impaired photosynthetic electron transport, and retarded growth under autotrophic conditions. Overexpression of thepsbDmRNA also increased transcript abundance ofpsbC(the CP43 inner antenna protein), which is co-transcribed withpsbD. Because translation efficiency remained unaltered, translation output ofpbsDandpsbCincreased with mRNA abundance. However, this did not result in increased PSII accumulation. The introduction of point mutations into the Shine-Dalgarno-like sequence or start codon ofpsbDdecreased translation efficiency without causing pronounced effects on PSII accumulation and function. These data show that neither transcription nor translation ofpsbDandpsbCare rate-limiting for PSII biogenesis in vascular plants, and that PSII assembly and accumulation in tobacco are controlled by different mechanisms than inChlamydomonas.One sentence summaryPSII biogenesis in tobacco is neither limited by transcript accumulation nor translation ofpsbDandpsbC.
Engineered Trimeric ACE2 Binds and Locks “Three-up” Spike Protein to Potently Inhibit SARS-CoVs and Mutants
Authors: Guo Liang , Bi Wenwen , Wang Xinling , Xu Wei , Yan Renhong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhao Kai , Li Yaning , Zhang Mingfeng , Bao Xingyue , Cai Xia , Li Yutang , Qu Di , Jiang Shibo , Xie Youhua , Zhou Qiang , Lu Lu , Dang Bobo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 enters cells via ACE-2, which binds the spike protein with moderate affinity. Despite a constant background mutational rate, the virus must retain binding with ACE2 for infectivity, providing a conserved constraint for SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. To prevent mutational escape of SARS-CoV-2 and to prepare for future related coronavirus outbreaks, we engineered ade novotrimeric ACE2 (T-ACE2) protein scaffold that binds the trimeric spike protein with extremely high affinity (KD< 1 pM), while retaining ACE2 native sequence. T-ACE2 potently inhibits all tested pseudotyped viruses including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, eight naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 mutants, two SARSr-CoVs as well as authentic SARS-CoV-2. The cryo-EM structure reveals that T-ACE2 can induce the transit of spike protein to “three-up” RBD conformation upon binding. T-ACE2 thus represents a promising class of broadly neutralizing proteins against SARS-CoVs and mutants.