bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FGF-23 als Knochenmarker bei metabolischen Osteopathien
Authors: Dietrich Oliver , Danneberg Rainer , Böttcher-Lorenz Juliane , Keil Maik , Jehle Peter M. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Osteoporose ist die führende metabolische Knochenerkrankung des höheren Lebensalters. In den aktuellen Leitlinien des DVO spielen klinische Risikofaktoren ein zunehmend größere Rolle, sowohl im Hinblick auf die Diagnostik als auch auf die Therapie der verschiedenen Formen der Osteoporose. Neben verschiedenen Ko-Morbiditäten weisen diese Patienten häufig eine Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion auf.Die Entdeckung des phosphatsenkenden Hormons FGF-23 und das zunehmende Verständnis zu dessen Rolle im Calcium-Phosphat Stoffwechsel eröffnen neue Einblicke in das Verständnis der komplexen pathophysiologischen Vorgänge metabolischer Osteopathien. FGF-23 wird im Knochen bei ansteigenden Phosphatspiegeln vermehrt gebildet. An der Niere wirkt FGF-23 phosphaturisch. Durch ansteigende FGF-23-Spiegel gelingt es auch bei nachlassender Nierenfunktion, möglichst lange ein Ansteigen des Serumphosphats zu vermeiden. In einer Vielzahl von Studien konnten signifikante Korrelationen zwischen FGF-23-Spiegeln, Phosphatwerten und der kardiovaskulären Mortalität von Patienten mit und ohne Niereninsuffizienz aufgezeigt werden. Studien zur Rolle von FGF-23 im Knochenstoffwechsel liegen bislang nur vereinzelt vor.Ziel der durchgeführten Untersuchung war es, bei Patienten mit Osteoporose und noch weitestgehend erhaltener Nierenfunktion die mögliche diagnostische Bedeutung von FGF-23 im Vergleich zu etablierten Knochenmarkern wie Knochenspezifische alkalische Phosphatase (BAP) und der Tartrat-resistenten sauren Phosphatase Isoform 5b (TRAP-5b) zu betrachten.In einer prospektiven Pilotstudie wurden 55 Patienten mit metabolischen Osteopathien (überwiegend Osteoporose) aus der endokrinologischen Ermächtigungssprechstunde von Prof. Dr. Jehle untersucht. Neben den klinischen Daten und den routinemäßig bestimmten Laborparametern (Calcium, Phosphat, Kreatinin, eGFR, PTH, 25-OH-Vitamin D3, BAP, TRAP-5b) wurde FGF-23 einmalig mit einem spezifischen ELISA gemessen. Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass die Daten der Pilotstudie zeigen, dass FGF-23 für einzelne Patienten von diagnostischer Relevanz sein kann. Insbesondere erniedrigte Phosphatspiegel können durch die Messung von FGF-23 besser eingeordnet werden. Die weitere Erforschung von FGF-23 und dessen Rolle beim Knochenstoffwechsel scheint vielversprechend.
Physical, Laboratory, Radiographic, and Endoscopic Workup for Clostridium difficile Colitis
Authors: Baker Samantha J. , Chu Daniel I. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Clostridium (reclassified as “Clostridioides”) difficile colitis is a common nosocomial infection associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Like many clinical encounters, a focused history and physical examination will help to guide initial management. Further laboratory testing will assist with diagnosis through stool studies, and blood tests, such as white blood cell counts and serum creatinine, can help to stratify patients into illness severity groups for treatment decisions. Radiographic evaluation can be helpful in patients with severe disease and concern for complicated colitis. Endoscopic evaluation should be carefully considered in patients with suspected mucosal injury secondary to infections and plays a role when an alternative diagnosis is suspected. Treatment options depend on the clinical presentation and can range from antibiotic therapy to emergent surgery to fecal transplantation for recurrent episodes. Care for these patients is often challenging, but through a systemic workup the appropriate treatment may be delivered.
Hospital Infection Control: Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Turner Nicholas A. , Anderson Deverick J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Clostridioides difficile remains a leading cause of healthcare-associated infection. Efforts at C. difficile prevention have been hampered by an increasingly complex understanding of transmission patterns and a high degree of heterogeneity among existing studies. Effective prevention of C. difficile infection requires multimodal interventions, including contact precautions, hand hygiene with soap and water, effective environmental cleaning, use of sporicidal cleaning agents, and antimicrobial stewardship. Roles for probiotics, avoidance of proton pump inhibitors, and isolation of asymptomatic carriers remain poorly defined.
Deglobalization in a hyper-connected world
Authors: Balsa-Barreiro José , Vié Aymeric , Morales Alfredo J. , Cebrián Manuel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the age of hyperconnectivity, we are undergoing an explosive increase in the interdependence of the political, commercial, financial, and social spheres. The recent rise ofdeglobalizationmovements across the world highlights the local negative externalities of poorly designed networked structures at the global scale: high social complexity derived from immigration shocks, elevated risk of contagion in financial downturns, as well as increasing inequality and social polarization. While global interdependencies on networks enable opportunities for cultural and economic growth, they also establish channels for unresolved conflicts and design errors to propagate across social systems. We analyze failure propagation on networks as a function of density and centralization of inter-dependencies. We show that the risk of failure in both overly distributed and centralized systems behave similarly when the number of connections exceeds a system-dependent threshold number. The scale of interdependencies matters and must be considered for the design of policies targeted at increasing or decreasing the connectivity of social systems.
Language as shaped by the environment: linguistic construal in a collaborative spatial task
Authors: Nölle Jonas , Fusaroli Riccardo , Mills Gregory J. , Tylén Kristian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhat causes cultural groups to favour specific conventions over others? Recently, it has been suggested that cross-linguistic variation can be motivated by factors of the wider non-linguistic environment. Large-scale cross-sectional studies have found statistical differences among languages that pattern with environmental variables such as topography or population size. However, these studies are correlational in nature, revealing little about the possible mechanisms driving these cultural evolutionary processes. The present study sets out to experimentally investigate how environmental factors come to shape the emergence of linguistic conventions. To this end, we adapt the classical Maze Game task to test the hypothesis that participants routinise different linguistic strategies to communicate positions in the maze contingent on particular environmental affordances (i.e. structure of the mazes). Our results confirm that subtle environmental motivations drive the emergence of different communicative conventions in an otherwise identical task, suggesting that linguistic adaptations are highly sensitive to factors of the shared task environment. We speculate that these kinds of mechanisms found at a local interactional level, through processes of cultural evolution contribute to the systematic global variation observed among different languages.
Estimation and model selection in general spatial dynamic panel data models
Authors: Jin Baisuo , Wu Yuehua , Rao Calyampudi Radhakrishna , Hou Li 
Published: February 2020

SignificanceSpatial dynamic panel data modeling is widely used in many areas of science and engineering such as environmental science, epidemiology, economics, and sociology. The ordinary least-squares estimation of parameters of a general spatial dynamic panel data model is inconsistent in general because the spatially lagged dependent variables are typically correlated with the error term. Other estimations based on maximum likelihood or generalized moments are rather complicated. In this paper, we propose an efficient, distribution-free least-squares estimation method that utilizes the eigendecomposition of a weight matrix. We also present a model selection procedure based on the proposed method. Our approach is very powerful compared to the well-known instrumental variable techniques. Its applicability is demonstrated via a high-dimensional data example.
Bioinspired underwater locomotion of light-driven liquid crystal gels
Authors: Shahsavan Hamed , Aghakhani Amirreza , Zeng Hao , Guo Yubing , Davidson Zoey S. , Priimagi Arri , Sitti Metin 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Untethered dynamic shape programming and control of soft materials have significant applications in technologies such as soft robots, medical devices, organ-on-a-chip, and optical devices. Here, we present a solution to remotely actuate and move soft materials underwater in a fast, efficient, and controlled manner using photoresponsive liquid crystal gels (LCGs). LCG constructs with engineered molecular alignment show a low and sharp phase-transition temperature and experience considerable density reduction by light exposure, thereby allowing rapid and reversible shape changes. We demonstrate different modes of underwater locomotion, such as crawling, walking, jumping, and swimming, by localized and time-varying illumination of LCGs. The diverse locomotion modes of smart LCGs can provide a new toolbox for designing efficient light-fueled soft robots in fluid-immersed media.
Exploring long-range cooperativity in the 20S proteasome core particle from
Thermoplasma acidophilum
using methyl-TROSY–based NMR
Authors: Rennella Enrico , Huang Rui , Yu Zanlin , Kay Lewis E. 
Published: February 2020

Significance
The proteasome is a molecular machine that plays a key role in maintaining the healthy function of cells through eliminating protein molecules that are no longer required or that are damaged. Proteasome function is, in part, regulated through the binding of other protein components that turn on pathways of communication between the sites of binding and distal regions of the proteasome that are responsible for its catalytic activity. Understanding how information is communicated between far-removed sites in the proteasome, and the extent of the pathway of communication, is a key first step in the design of molecules that can regulate its activity, with potentially important implications in the fight against certain cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.
CCM.FF-K3.2011.1: CIPM key comparison of air speed, 0.5 m/s to 40 m/s
Authors: Müller Harald , Caré Isabelle , Popov Konstantin 
Published: February 2020

The bilateral key comparison between PTB and VNIIM (CCM.FF-K3.2011.1) was performed as direct follow-up of the CIPM air speed key comparison (CCM.FF-K3.2011) which was organized to determine the degree of equivalence of the national standards for air speed covering the range 0.5 m/s to 40 m/s under ambient conditions. An ultrasonic anemometer and a laser Doppler anemometer were used as transfer standards. The measurement procedures in the technical protocol as well as the transfer standards for the bilateral key comparison (CCM.FF-K3.2011.1) were identical to the CIPM Key Comparison (CCM.FF-K3.2011) with nine participants from three RMOs. Thus, the measurement results were directly linked to the key comparison reference values published in the final report of the (CCM.FF-K3.2011) for each standard and each air speed separately. The degree of equivalence of each result with the key comparison reference value (KCRV) was calculated. All reported results of the bilateral key comparison were consistent with the KCRV results of the (CCM.FF-K3.2011).

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Final report, on-going key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with NIST, June 2019
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Norris James E , Hodges Joseph T 
Published: February 2020

As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount-of-substance fraction range of 0 nmol/mol to 500 nmol/mol.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Towards a morphology of cobalt nanoparticles: size and strain effects
Authors: Farkaš Barbara , de Leeuw Nora H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Cobalt nanoparticles with diameters of 8 nm have recently shown promising performance for biomedical applications. However, it is still unclear how the shape of cobalt clusters changes with size when reaching the nanoparticle range. In the present work, density functional theory calculations have been employed to compare the stabilities of two non-crystalline (icosahedron and decahedron) shapes, and three crystalline motifs (hcp, fcc, and bcc) for magic numbered cobalt clusters with up to 1500 atoms, based on the changes in the cohesive energies, coordination numbers, and nearest-neighbour distances arising from varying geometries. Obtained trends were extrapolated to a 104 size range, and an icosahedral shape was predicted for clusters up to 5500 atoms. Larger sized clusters adopt hcp stacking, in correspondence with the bulk phase. To explain the crystalline/non-crystalline crossovers, the contributions of the elastic strain density and twin boundary from the specimen surfaces to the cohesive energy of different motifs were evaluated. These results are expected to aid the design and synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles for applications ranging from catalysis to biomedical treatments.
Self-channel-and-spatial-attention neural network for automated multi-organ segmentation on head and neck CT images
Authors: Gou Shuiping , Tong Nuo , Qi Sharon , Yang Shuyuan , Chin Robert , Sheng Ke 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Accurate segmentation of organs at risk (OARs) is necessary for adaptive head and neck (H&N) cancer treatment planning, but manual delineation is tedious, slow, and inconsistent. A self-channel-and-spatial-attention neural network (SCSA-Net) is developed for H&N OAR segmentation on CT images. To simultaneously ease the training and improve the segmentation performance, the proposed SCSA-Net utilizes the self-attention ability of the network. Spatial and channel-wise attention learning mechanisms are both employed to adaptively force the network to emphasize the meaningful features and weaken the irrelevant features simultaneously. The proposed network was first evaluated on a public dataset, which includes 48 patients, then on a separate serial CT dataset, which contains ten patients who received weekly diagnostic fan-beam CT scans. On the second dataset, the accuracy of using SCSA-Net to track the parotid and submandibular gland volume changes during radiotherapy treatment was quantified. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity (SEN), average surface distance (ASD), and 95% maximum surface distance (95SD) were calculated on the brainstem, optic chiasm, optic nerves, mandible, parotid glands, and submandibular glands to evaluate the proposed SCSA-Net. The proposed SCSA-Net consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on the public dataset. Specifically, compared with Res-Net and SE-Net, which is constructed from squeeze-and-excitation block equipped residual blocks, the DSC of the optic nerves and submandibular glands is improved by 0.06, 0.03 and 0.05, 0.04 by the SCSA-Net. Moreover, the proposed method achieves statistically significant improvements in terms of DSC on all and eight of nine OARs over Res-Net and SE-Net, respectively. The trained network was able to achieve good segmentation results on the serial dataset, but the results were further improved after fine-tuning of the model using the simulation CT images. For the parotids and submandibular glands, the volume changes of individual patients are highly consistent between the automated and manual segmentation (Pearson’s correlation 0.97–0.99). The proposed SCSA-Net is computationally efficient to perform segmentation (sim 2 s/CT).
Transport of kJ-laser-driven relativistic electron beams in cold and shock-heated vitreous carbon and diamond
Authors: Bailly-Grandvaux M , Kim J , Krauland C M , Zhang S , Dozières M , Wei M S , Theobald W , Grabowski P E , Santos J J , Nicolaï Ph , McKenna P , Desjarlais M P , Beg F N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report experimental results on relativistic electron beam (REB) transport in a set of cold and shock-heated carbon samples using the high-intensity kilojoule-class OMEGA EP laser. The REB energy distribution and transport were diagnosed using an electron spectrometer and x-ray fluorescence measurements from a Cu tracer buried at the rear side of the samples. The measured rear REB density shows brighter and narrower signals when the targets were shock-heated. Hybrid PIC simulations using advanced resistivity models in the target warm-dense-matter (WDM) conditions confirm this observation. We show that the resistivity response of the media, which governs the self-generated resistive fields, is of paramount importance to understand and correctly predict the REB transport.
Intercomparison of annual precipitation indices and extremes over global land areas from in situ, space-based and reanalysis products
Authors: Alexander Lisa V , Bador Margot , Roca Rémy , Contractor Steefan , Donat Markus G , Nguyen Phuong Loan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A range of in situ, satellite and reanalysis products on a common daily 1° × 1° latitude/longitude grid were extracted from the Frequent Rainfall Observations on Grids database to help facilitate intercomparison and analysis of precipitation extremes on a global scale. 22 products met the criteria for this analysis, namely that daily data were available over global land areas from 50°S to 50°N since at least 2001. From these daily gridded data, 10 annual indices that represent aspects of extreme precipitation frequency, duration and intensity were calculated. Results were analysed for individual products and also for four cluster types: (i) in situ, (ii) corrected satellite, (iii) uncorrected satellite and (iv) reanalyses. Climatologies based on a common 13-year period (2001–2013) showed substantial differences between some products. Timeseries (which ranged from 13 years to 67 years) also highlighted some substantial differences between products. A coefficient of variation showed that the in situ products were most similar to each other while reanalysis products had the largest variations. Reanalyses however agreed better with in situ observations over extra-tropical land areas compared to the satellite clusters, although reanalysis products tended to fall into ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ camps overall. Some indices were more robust than others across products with daily precipitation intensity showing the least variation between products and days above 20 mm showing the largest variation. In general, the results of this study show that global space-based precipitation products show the potential for climate scale analyses of extremes. While we recommend caution for all products dependent on their intended application, this particularly applies to reanalyses which show the most divergence across results.
Fostering natural forest regeneration on former agricultural land through economic and policy interventions
Authors: Chazdon Robin L , Lindenmayer David , Guariguata Manuel R , Crouzeilles Renato , Rey Benayas José María , Lazos Chavero Elena 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Under suitable conditions, deforested land used for agricultural crops or pastures can revert to forest through the assisted or unassisted process of natural regeneration. These naturally regenerating forests conserve biodiversity, provide a wide array of ecosystem goods and services, and support rural economies and livelihoods. Based on studies in tropical and temperate forest ecosystems, we summarize cases where natural regeneration is occurring in agricultural landscapes around the world and identify the socio-ecological factors that favor its development and affect its qualities, outcomes and persistence. We describe how the economic and policy context creates barriers for the development, persistence, and management of naturally regenerating forests, including perverse outcomes of policies intended to enhance protection of native forests. We conclude with recommendations for specific economic and policy interventions at local, national, and global scales to enhance forest natural regeneration and to promote the sustainable management of regrowth forests on former agricultural land while strengthening rural communities and economies.
Rehabilitation and Reinforcement of Ferroconcrete Walls with Reinforced Pilasters
Authors: Novotný Michal , Všetečka Jan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The article is focused on renovation, rehabilitation and reinforcement of high ferroconcrete walls. It tries to point out the experience of experts in solving problems with high ferroconcrete walls. During a revitalization of buildings of a military accommodation facility in Brno with basement and connecting corridors of an average height of 25 m, degradation of concrete, locally missing reinforcement and poor-quality concrete mixtures, the strength class of which varied between C8/10–C10/12, were found in these corridors. Along the height of the pilasters, the structure also showed the signs of torsion and it was assessed the structure also needs to be strengthened/reinforced besides the rehabilitation. The reinforcement structure had to be built from the very foundation of the building, it is linked to the existing wall and has three cascade levels. For the first two parts, a construction pit has been created with a Berliner wall, and these parts reach below the modified terrain, are reinforced with concrete reinforcement according to the structural project, concreted with cast concrete, and the foundation is reinforced with deep-based construction. The second and the third parts of the cascade stretch from the modified terrain between the pilasters to the top and they are made with a two-stage shotcrete technique, the first one has inbuilt concrete reinforcement with welded wire mesh and the second one composite mesh anchored by helical reinforcement without static effect. In terms of the damage of the structure, carbon fibre wrapping technique or grouting of the existing ferroconcrete structure was also used in the affected areas. The article also includes photo documentation of the repairs and structural damage prior to them.