bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Solvent Molecule Driven Pure PEDOT:PSS Actuator
Authors: Xiong Liukang , Jin Hongrun , Lu Yucheng , Li Xiaogang , Ai Xin , Yang Hui , Huang Liang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractActuators which mechanically respond to various external stimuli are promising for diverse applications including soft robots, energy generators, artificial muscles, and sensors. Herein, a PEDOT:PSS film based vapor‐driven soft actuator by using H2SO4 treated process is presented. This actuator exhibits rapid (0.24 s for one actuation) and robust (>1000 times without obvious fatigue) responses to stimuli of various organic solvents with reversible large‐shape deformations. By coating gold on the one side of the PEDOT:PSS film with subsequent generation of specific patterns, the designed bilayer‐structured actuator achieves controllable actuation including vertical and helical bending. Furthermore, a walking robot and a vapor‐driven generator are successfully constructed with remarkable performances upon vapor stimuli using the proposed PEDOT:PSS film based actuator. The achievement presented here opens a new avenue for a new generation of robots and smart sensors.
Comparison of Type of Rubber in PLA/Rubber/Kenaf Biocomposite: Rheological, Mechanical and Morphological Properties
Authors: Alias Nur Fazreen , Ismail Hanafi , Ishak Ku Marsilla Ku 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolylactic acid/rubber/kenaf biocomposites are prepared via melt blending in an internal mixer, followed by compression molding. The effect of different type of rubber is studied based on processing torque, tensile properties, and morphology. Natural rubber (NR) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber are used, respectively. The content of rubber is fixed at 10 wt%, while kenaf loading has been varied from 0 to 20 phr. Incorporation of NR in biocomposite showed higher processing and stabilization torque compared to acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, However, NR offers higher tensile strength and elongation at break to the biocomposite due to superior properties of NR and strain‐induced crystallization phenomenon. Based on tensile‐fractured morphology, biocomposite with NR shows more tearing effect, which is associated with higher strength. In regard to kenaf loading, the results show that higher kenaf loading causes the tensile properties to decrease and also higher processing torque during mixing. Besides, poor interfacial adhesion is shown by biocomposite with high kenaf loading in the field emission scanning electron microscope micrograph, proven by a smoother fractured surface and more voids due to filler pull‐out.
Mechanical Properties, Set and Rebound Resilience Characteristics of Natural Rubber/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Blend on Various Ratios
Authors: Indrajati Ihda Novia , Setyorini Ike 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, natural rubber/ethylene vinyl acetate (NR/EVA) blends are formulated by simple blend using two roll mill. The set properties, both compression and tension, are evaluated as a function of NR/EVA ratios. The ratio of NR/EVA ranges from 100/0 to 95/5, 90/10, 85/15, and to 80/20. Compression and tension set are performed on vulcanized rubber samples at ambient and elevated temperature (100 °C) with constant compression or elongation at 25% of initial value. All tests are carried out for 72 h. Air‐circulated oven is used to conduct testing at elevated temperature. Crosslink density before and after testing is also monitored by equilibrium swelling method. Tensile properties and hardness are also measured to support the discussion. The results show that compression and tension set at ambient temperature tend to increase upon the EVA concentration in the formulation. Set properties are independent of EVA concentration at elevated temperature. Incorporation of EVA decreases the rebound resilience property and thermal aging tends to increase it. The rebound resilience ranges from 31% to 40% for original samples, and from 33% to 43% for aged samples.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose/Nano‐Graphite Nanocomposite Membranes
Authors: Aritonang Henry F. , Wulandari Restu , Wuntu Audy D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA bacterial cellulose (BC)/nano‐graphite nanocomposite membrane has been synthesized by impregnating nano‐graphite into the BC membrane. Microscopic measurements show that nano‐graphite flakes are evenly distributed in the BC matrix, and the thickness size of a nano‐graphite is around 28 nm. In addition, X‐ray measurements showed that the best average size of nano‐graphite crystallites in the BC matrix is 33.4 nm. Nano‐graphite flakes entered the membrane pores and are trapped between the nano fibrils of cellulose. This process is assisted by an ultrasonic process (contact time). For each concentration of nano‐graphite or graphite solution, mass of the nanocomposite membrane containing nano‐graphite is greater than that containing graphite. The mass is increased with increasing contact time between nano‐graphite solutions and BC membranes. The increasing mass indicated the increase in the carbon content which is shown by energy dispersive spectroscopy data. Conductivity of the nanocomposite membrane, in consequence, is significantly increased with the increasing concentration of nanographite solution. For contact time of 24 h, the conductivity is 1.74 S cm−1.
The Effect of the Addition of Lactic Acid as a Modifier to the Morphology and Thermal Properties of Cellulose Nano Fiber Paper
Authors: Kustiyah Elvi , Marsya Mutia Anissa , Firdaus Dick Ferieno , Purwanto Geris , Chalid Mochamad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study discusses on an attempt to create a transparent conductive paper made by a facile process and environmentally friendly cellulose‐based sorghum as a substitute for glass coating in the display industry that has the advantage of being able to be formed and folded. Sorghum stems with a relatively high cellulose content of around 40% make it a potential material to be used as a conductive transparent paper. The isolation of microfibrillated cellulose from sorghum stem waste using chemicals and sonication methods to obtain cellulose nanofibril (CNF) within a nanometer size range are discussed in this research. Furthermore, lactic acid (LA) as a modifier is added with varying concentrations to explore the effect of its addition on the processing of the transparent paper made from the CNF. Characterization in this study includes several aspects: to investigate the morphology of the CNF paper is carried out by scanning electron microscope. In addition, thermal strength for the product is analyzed using thermal gravimetric analysis. It is found that the CNF paper with 0.5 wt% of LA able to increase paper drying time while still able to maintain the morphology of the transparent paper.
The Effect of Synthetic Conditions on the Characteristics of Carrageenan‐Doped Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)
Authors: Diah Anang W. M. , Wirayudha Agung , Kandolia Trisanti V. , Pujianti Ni K. T. , Widyakirana Iis , Hasriani Nurul A. Safitra , Saehana Sahrul , Holdsworth Clovia I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCarrageenan‐doped poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is synthesized via oxidative polymerization of 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene monomer, using Na2S2O8 and Fe2(SO4)3 as oxidation agents, at a controlled pH of 10–11, in the presence of carrageenan as the doping agent (dopant). As with polystyrene sulfonate, the most common doping agent for PEDOT, carrageenan also possess ─SO3− functional groups that are capable of interacting with PEDOT chains. The PEDOT/carrageenan (PEDOT/Carr) dispersions are prepared in this study in 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios by weight. Different types of carrageenans result in PEDOT/Carr dispersions of different processabilities. The PEDOT/Carr ratios are investigated for their effects on the physical properties of the films. The results show that carrageenan is successfully doped to PEDOT to form PEDOT/Carr complex. Increasing amount of carrageenan in dispersion result in more processable PEDOT/Carr dispersions.
Increased Electrical Conductivity of PANi: Anionic Surfactant Addition during Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Hafizah Mas A. E. , Mahar Ahmad L. , Suparno  , Andreas  , Manaf Azwar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectrically conductive polyaniline (PANi) doped with anionic surfactants is successfully synthesized and characterized. The conductive PANi is prepared by chemical oxidation polymerization reaction with the addition of two types of anionic surfactant solutions respectively 1% Sodium Octyl Sulfate (NaC8H17SO4, SOS) and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (NaC12H25SO4, SDS), followed by doping with a strong perchloric acid (HClO4). The addition of each surfactant solution has increased the electrical conductivity value of surfactant free PANi from 0.089 to 1.16 S cm−1 (SOS) and 1.12 S cm−1 (SDS) respectively. The viscosity value of surfactant free PANi is 1.97 mPa s which is much lower when compared with those of PANi containing surfactants in which the value is 3.58 and 4.20 mPa s for 1% of SDS added PANi each. The chain length of anionic surfactant has no major effect on the conductivity of PANi. The latter is only affected by the presence of SO3− group in hydrophobic part of surfactant.
Utilization of Chitosan as Coating Material in Making NPK Slow Release Fertilizer
Authors: Gumelar Muhammad D. , Hamzah Moh. , Hidayat Ade S. , Saputra Dita A. , Idvan  
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the implementation of fertilization, only about 50% of the fertilizer can be absorbed by plants while some are degraded or drifted by groundwater so that fertilization becomes inefficient which will also pollute the environment with the content of N, P, and K. The loss of N as nitrogen gas due to denitrification is up to 30–40%, the loss of N as ammonia gas due to volatilization is about 10–20, the loss of N as nitrate due to the washing by water flow is about 44%, and erosion can reach 45%. One solution to this problem is using a slow release fertilizer (SRF) where the nutrient is released slowly within a certain time. The SRF technology modifies the fertilizer utilizing chitosan coating on granule surface of the fertilizer. Liquid chitosan is used for coating and it is sprayed on the surface of fertilizer granule in the rotary pan granulator. It is found that the resistance of the chitosan coated fertilizer in the water is about 3–6 months. The characteristics of the nutrients released from SRF NPK 16‐16‐16 coated with chitosan are about 103.26 mg nutrients of N, 21.8 mg nutrients of P, and 65.62 mg nutrients of K within a month of immersion time.
Co‐Monomer Type Influence on the Physical and Optical Properties of High Density Polyethylene Synthesized by Chrome Catalyst
Authors: Ruminten Ranis Sinar , Herlambang Bayu Alam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigh‐density polyethylene (HDPE) with similar density and Melt Index (MI) is synthesized by using a chrome‐based catalyst with different co‐monomers, 1‐hexene (HDPE‐H) and 1‐butene (HDPE‐B). Both samples have a density of 0.955 g cm−3 and MI of 0.1 g per 10 min. The same density and MI have been chosen to minimize the variable that can affect the test result. Different co‐monomers will generate different short‐chain branching (SCB) which will affect the microstructure of polymer, as well as both physical and optical properties. Physical properties are evaluated such as dart drop impact, film impact, tensile strength, and elongation. Optical properties such as gloss and haze are also evaluated. Physical properties tend to have a better result along with the length of SCB. Meanwhile, the optical properties have a better result when the SCB is shorter. The result of the study exhibits that the type of co‐monomer in HDPE affects the quality of the film in terms of physical and optical properties.
Postgraduate nursing internationality education: A study in establishing an English nursing course
Authors: Liu Yong‐bing , Gong Wei‐juan , Mao Xin‐e 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThe study was to explore the significant influence of an English nursing course in nursing postgraduate internationalization education.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodThe research object included three grades (a total of 18) of nursing postgraduate students in the Nursing School of Yangzhou University. A standardized four‐section questionnaire designed by the authors was applied to the survey.Results88.89% were satisfied with the course design and application of the English nursing course, and the scores for all 6 items were above the average, but only 44.4% of the postgraduate students understood the course completely. In teaching design and content aspect, 88.9%–94.4% postgraduate nurses felt that the course learning requirements were clear and could improve their knowledge and capacity for scientific research. All of the postgraduate nurses were identified with the teacher's moral and academic characters.ConclusionsTo establish English nursing courses for nursing postgraduate students is beneficial for postgraduate internationalization education.
Rising expectations: Natural resources graduate student authorship of publications
Authors: Copenheaver Carolyn A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPublication patterns of natural resources graduate students from nine U.S. universities were compared across seven decades in an effort to assist graduate students and faculty members in setting realistic expectations for publication. Graduate students steadily increased their level of publication in peer‐reviewed journals across the study period. In the 1950s, 0% of doctoral students published their research and by the 2000s, 73% of doctoral students published their research. There was also an increasing temporal trend in the number of co‐authors on graduate student publications. In the 1960s, 50% of graduate student publications had two co‐authors and in the 2000s, 28% of graduate‐student publications had two authors; 29% had three authors; 21% had four authors; 13% had five authors; and 10% had six or more authors. Publications authored by doctoral students received significantly more citations (average of 23.2 citations per publication) than those publications authored by master's students (average of 17.1 citations per publication). As expectations for graduate student publication and ability to work on larger research teams rise, it is important that universities and faculty advisors provide resources and training to allow graduate students to successfully reach these new expectations.
A comprehensive review of the polymer‐based hydrogels with electrochemically synthesized silver nanoparticles for wound dressing applications
Authors: Nešović Katarina , Mišković‐Stanković Vesna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractModernization and improvement of wound dressing materials is an important topic in biomaterials and biomedicine fields, as the traditional materials are inadequate and susceptible to bacterial infections. In recent times, polymer‐based hydrogel materials have presented themselves as excellent candidates for new‐generation wound dressings with improved properties, such as high sorption ability, good mechanical properties, and low adhesiveness. Additionally, cross linked hydrogel matrices serve as excellent carriers for controlled release of antibacterial agents, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are preferred over conventional antibiotics due to multi‐phase mechanism of action and low susceptibility to induce bacterial resistance. Their incorporation inside polymer matrices allows improvement of wound dressing properties and sustained protection against bacterial infection. Electrochemical methods for AgNPs synthesis are facile and green alternatives to chemical routes, allowing the formation of highly stable AgNPs with strong antibacterial effect. In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the existing research on the topic of electrochemically synthesized silver nanoparticles incorporated in polymer matrices with a special focus on the chitosan‐based hydrogels as prospective materials for wound dressing applications.
Drought‐induced protein (Di19‐3) plays a role in auxin signaling by interacting with IAA14 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Maitra Majee Susmita , Sharma Eshan , Singh Brinderjit , Khurana Jitendra P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe members of early auxin response gene family, Aux/IAA, encode negative regulators of auxin signaling but play a central role in auxin‐mediated plant development. Here we report the interaction of an Aux/IAA protein, AtIAA14, with Drought‐induced‐19 (Di19‐3) protein and its possible role in auxin signaling. The Atdi19‐3 mutant seedlings develop short hypocotyl, both in light and dark, and are compromised in temperature‐induced hypocotyl elongation. The mutant plants accumulate more IAA and also show altered expression of NIT2, ILL5, and YUCCA genes involved in auxin biosynthesis and homeostasis, along with many auxin responsive genes like AUX1 and MYB77. Atdi19‐3 seedlings show enhanced root growth inhibition when grown in the medium supplemented with auxin. Nevertheless, number of lateral roots is low in Atdi19‐3 seedlings grown on the basal medium. We have shown that AtIAA14 physically interacts with AtDi19‐3 in yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and in vitro pull‐down assays. However, the auxin‐induced degradation of AtIAA14 in the Atdi19‐3 seedlings was delayed. By expressing pIAA14::mIAA14‐GFP in Atdi19‐3 mutant background, it became apparent that both Di19‐3 and AtIAA14 work in the same pathway and influence lateral root development in Arabidopsis. Gain‐of‐function slr‐1/iaa14 (slr) mutant, like Atdi19‐3, showed tolerance to abiotic stress in seed germination and cotyledon greening assays. The Atdi19‐3 seedlings showed enhanced sensitivity to ethylene in triple response assay and AgNO3, an ethylene inhibitor, caused profuse lateral root formation in the mutant seedlings. These observations suggest that AtDi19‐3 interacting with AtIAA14, in all probability, serves as a positive regulator of auxin signaling and also plays a role in some ethylene‐mediated responses in Arabidopsis.Significance StatementThis study has demonstrated interaction of auxin responsive Aux/IAA with Drought‐induced 19 (Di19) protein and its possible implication in abiotic stress response.
Transient dynamics of cold‐rolled and subsequently thermally rejuvenated atactic‐polystyrene using broadband dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Grigoriadi Kalouda , Wübbenhorst Michael , van Breemen Lambèrt C. A. , Putzeys Tristan , Gennaro Alessia , Anderson Patrick D. , Hütter Markus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe effect of plastic deformation on the molecular dynamics of atactic polystyrene (a‐PS) was studied by broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (BDRS), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and polarized‐light microscopy. Sheets of a‐PS have been subjected to cold rolling, that is, mechanical rejuvenation, followed by a quenching step and fast heating above its glass‐transition temperature, resulting in thermal rejuvenation. Cold rolling revealed, in addition to the known α‐ and γ(I)‐relaxations, four hitherto unknown relaxation processes (II, III, IV and V). Using the framework of craze formation and multiplicity of the glass transition (E. Donth, G. H. Michler, Colloid Polym. Sci. 1989, 267, 557–567), supported by an activation‐enthalpy/entropy analysis (Starkweather, W. Howard, Macromolecules 1981, 14, 1277–1281), the following physical picture emerges: (a) processes I and II represent local conformation transitions γ referring to chains of two different degrees of stretching (T/G‐ratio); and (ii) processes III and IV were identified as helix‐inversion processes of T2G2 helices as reported earlier for syndiotactic‐rich PS—an assignment supported by FTIR results. Finally, the relaxation V could be attributed to the onset of the fibrillar glass transition (within crazes), leading to stress release by collapse of the fibrils and hence dying out of process V. Polarized‐light microscopy confirmed the creation of oriented structures and internal stresses upon cold rolling, and their removal upon thermal rejuvenation.
Decision‐making in cancer care for people living with dementia
Authors: Griffiths Alys Wyn , Ashley Laura , Kelley Rachael , Cowdell Fiona , Collinson Michelle , Mason Ellen , Farrin Amanda , Henry Ann , Inman Hayley , Surr Claire 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveIncreasing numbers of people are expected to live with comorbid cancer and dementia. Cancer treatment decision‐making for these individuals is complex, particularly for those lacking capacity, requiring support across the cancer care pathway. There is little research to inform practice in this area. This ethnographic study reports on the cancer decision‐making experiences of people with cancer and dementia, their families, and healthcare staff.MethodsParticipant observations, informal conversations, semi‐structured interviews, and medical note review, in two NHS trusts. Seventeen people with dementia and cancer, 22 relatives and 19 staff members participated.ResultsDecision‐making raised complex ethical dilemmas and challenges and raised concerns for families and staff around whether correct decisions had been made. Whose decision it was and to what extent a person with dementia and cancer was able to make decisions was complex, requiring careful and ongoing consultation and close involvement of relatives. The potential impact dementia might have on treatment understanding and toleration required additional consideration by clinicians when evaluating treatment options.ConclusionsCancer treatment decision‐making for people with dementia is challenging, should be an ongoing process and has emotional impacts for the individual, relatives, and staff. Longer, flexible, and additional appointments may be required to support decision‐making by people with cancer and dementia. Evidence‐based decision‐making guidance on how dementia impacts cancer prognosis, treatment adherence and efficacy is required.
Neuropsychological outcomes following pediatric lung transplantation
Authors: Gold Anna , Young Julia Mary , Solomon Melinda , Grasemann Hartmut 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveLung transplantation (LTx) is a treatment option for eligible children with end‐stage pulmonary diseases. Improving our understanding of longer‐term developmental outcomes in pediatric LTx recipients is important for strategized interventions targeting cognitive difficulties.MethodsNeuropsychological assessments were completed for children who received LTx at our center (2009‐2017). Assessments comprised tasks of general intellect, memory, visual‐perception, academics, and executive functioning as well as caregiver questionnaires of adaptive, executive, emotional, and behavioral functioning. Results were compared to age‐matched population norms. Between‐group nonparametric tests were performed pre‐LTx vs post‐LTx and for children with a primary diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) vs other diagnoses (non‐CF).ResultsNeuropsychological outcomes were assessed for 21 children post‐LTx, with a median age (interquartile range) at the time of transplant of 11.52 (6.89, 14.12) years. Eleven children completed pre‐ and post‐transplant assessments and within this group, improvements for verbal learning (P = .02), aspects of mood, behavior, and adaptive functioning were observed over time (all P < .05). Post‐transplant whole group analysis suggested age‐appropriate abilities across most cognitive domains, with a relative weakness for executive functioning. Emotional or behavioral difficulties were not endorsed by caregivers. Across pulmonary diagnoses, higher levels of emotional, behavioral, and executive functioning difficulty were reported in the non‐CF group (all P < .05).ConclusionsOverall, LTx has a positive impact on cognitive functioning, particularly learning, adaptive functioning, mood, and behavior. Children transplanted for non‐CF related diseases demonstrated greater challenges, highlighting the need for targeted assessments and interventions across the transplant process to support the complex needs of this population.