bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Li Ion Dissociation Level in Gel Polymer Electrolytes on Electrochemical Performance of Li-O2 Batteries
Authors: Chamaani Amir , Chawla Neha , Safa Meer , El-Zahab Bilal 
Published: February 2020

Li-O2 batteries have been recently considered as next generation of energy storage systems for electric vehicle application due to their high specific energy densities, which are comparable to gasoline [1]. Li-O2 batteries however suffer poor cycling and reachability due to a sever electrolyte decomposition [2]. It has been shown that the electrolyte decomposition by-products such as lithium carbonate species gradually cover the surface of cathodes and shuts down the batteries quickly [3]. Although many attempts have been made to overcome the detrimental formation of these carbonate species on the surface of cathode, their formation and electrolyte instability still remains a very big challenge in this filed [4]. Recently, it has been reported that tailoring the coordination of Li ion and solvent molecules in Li-O2 battery electrolytes is a promising method to improve the electrolyte stabilities [5,6].
In this study, we report that the inclusion of inorganic fillers in gel polymer electrolytes using different salt concentration can reduce the electrolyte decomposition by-products such as lithium carbonate species during the Li-O2 battery cycling. The improved electrochemical performance of Li-O2 batteries can be attributed to the interaction of filler with Li salt which in turn can tailor the interaction of Li ion and solvent molecules. To asses our hypothesis different electrochemical tests including in-depth electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, lithium transference number measurements along with other characterization methods such as Raman spectroscopy has been used.
[1] G. Girishkumar, B. McCloskey, A.C. Luntz, S. Swanson, W. Wilcke, Lithium-air battery: Promise and challenges, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010,1, 2193–2203.
[2] B. D. McCloskey, C. M. Burke, J. E. Nichols and S. E. Renfrew, Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 12701–12715
[3] S. A. Freunberger, Y. Chen, N. E. Drewett, L. J. Hardwick, F. Bardé and P. G. Bruce, Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed., 2011, 50, 8609–8613
[4] R. Younesi, G.M. Veith, P. Johansson, K. Edstrom, T. Vegge, Lithium salts for advanced lithium batteries: Li-metal, Li-O2, and Li-S, Energy Environ. Sci.,2015, 8, 1905–1922.
[5] F. Li, T. Zhang, Y. Yamada, A. Yamada and H. Zhou, Adv. Energy Mater., 2013, 3, 532–538.
[6] B. Liu, W. Xu, P. Yan, X. Sun, M. E. Bowden, J. Read, J. Qian, D. Mei, C. M. Wang and J. G. Zhang, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2016, 26, 605–613.
Comprehensive Electrochemical Study of the Role of Transition Metals in O3-Type Na[Ni
x
Co
y
Mn
z
]O2 (x=1/3, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8) Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Hwang Jang-Yeon , Yoon Chong seung , Choi Min-Jae , Belharouak Ilias , Sun Yang-Kook 
Published: February 2020

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted significant interest due to the abundant natural resources of Na and their similar chemistry to Li ions.5 O3-type layered structured transition metal oxides appear to be attractive based on the success of using layered LiMO2 cathodes in LIBs. Recently, our group introduced micro-sphere NaMO2 (M=Ni, Co, and Mn) cathodes with high energy density and high thermal stability.1-3 However, the relationships between transition metal composition and the electrochemical and related structural properties in O3-type layered NaMO2compounds have not been systematically studied.
In this study, a comprehensive study of Na[Ni
x
Co
y
Mn
z
]O2 (x=1/3, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8) cathodes is carried out to determine the optimal composition as the electrochemical, structural, and thermal properties in O3-type layered cathodes are strongly dependent on the transition metal composition. Here, the role of each transition metal in [Ni
x
Co
y
Mn
z
]O2 cathodes is identified via electrochemical property characterization, structural analysis, and thermal stability testing. Briefly, an increase of the Ni fraction resulted in an increasingly higher capacity but is accompanied by progressively poor capacity retention. On the other hand, the Co metal played an important role in stabilizing the structure, while the Mn content contributed to enhancing the capacity retention and thermal stability. The present study highlights the importance of appropriately balancing the transition metal composition in a layered Na[Ni
x
Co
y
Mn
z
]O2 cathode. Furthermore, this work provides a design guideline for developing an ideal Na[Ni
x
Co
y
Mn
z
]O2 cathode with both high capacity and optimal cycle retention in addition to thermal stability.
References
[1] Y. Li, Y.-S. Hu, X. Qi, X. Rong, H. Li, X. Huang and L. Chen, Energy Storage Materials, 2016, 5, 191-197.
[2] J. Y. Hwang, S. M. Oh, S. T. Myung, K. Y. Chung, I. Belharouak and Y. K. Sun, Nat. Commun., 2015, 6, 6865.

[3] E. de la. Llave, V. Borgel, K. J. Park, J. Y. Hwang, Y. K. Sun, P. Hartmann, F. F. Chesneau and D. Aurbach, ACS Appl.
Mater. Interfaces, 2016, 8, 1867-1875.
Electrochemical Characteristics of Advanced Sulfur-Based Cathode Material for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Nguyen Dan Thien , Song Seung-Wan , Hoefling Alexander , Theato Patrick , Lee Young Joo 
Published: February 2020

The demands for high-energy density and low cost advanced batteries, which can replace currently used lithium-ion batteries, are increasing for their possible applications to electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are one of the most attractive candidates for next-generation batteries due to high theoretical capacity of sulfur of 1672 mAhg-1 and earth-abundance and low cost of sulfur. However, the commercialization of Li-S batteries is being hindered by several issues such as the insulating nature and structural instability of sulfur, polysulfides shuttle and electrode-electrolyte interfacial instability, and as a result, limited cycle life and performance. Recently, a new class of sulfur copolymer materials is appealing as cathode active materials for Li-S batteries, which can exhibit improved performance compared to elemental sulfur.1-2There is however little report on a basic understanding of electrochemical characteristics of sulfur copolymer cathode materials. In this presentation, we discuss the material’s electrochemical characteristics and the critical factors affecting cycling performance of lithium cells.
Acknowledgements: This work was supported under the framework of international cooperation program managed by National Research Foundation of Korea (2015K2A5A3000068) and German Academic Exchange Service (57141898).
References
1. W. J. Chung et al., Nat. Chem., 5, 518 (2013).
2. H. Kim, J. Lee, H. Ahn, O. Kim and M. J. Park, Nat Commun
., 4, 2985 (2013).
3. D. T. Nguyen, A. Hoefling, Y. J. Lee, P. Theato, S.-W. Song, The 229th Meeting of Electrochemical Society, Abstract #284, San Diego, May 31 (2016).
ZnCo2O4/Rgo Nanocomposites with Superior Electrochemical Performance for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Lam Kwok Ho , Chen Chang , Hou Xianhua 
Published: February 2020

Owing to the high theoretical capacities and high abundance, the binary and ternary transition metal oxides (TMOs) have been widely studied as the next generation anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, TMOs electrodes still have some fatal flaws, such as large volume, poor cycling stability and detrimental structural collapse during the charge/discharge process. Development of hybrid carbon-based TMOs nanocomposites is one of the promising ways to solve the above limitations to promote the energy storage performance for the needs of high-power electric vehicles (EVs) and LIBs.
Among the polynary TMOs, cubic spinel crystallize ZnCo2O4 has drawn considerable attention because of its unique crystalline structure and electrochemical reaction mechanism. Although different preparation methods for the specific electrochemical performance have been reported, those special morphologies of ZnCo2O4 electrodes are still needed to further improve to meet the needs of high-power applications.
Two-dimensional reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is known to be one of the promising carbon-based materials as an excellent building block and an ideal conductive platform for anode materials. Besides, oxygen-containing groups are abundant on the surface of the rGO so that these groups are very reactive to oxidize the electrolyte and subsequently minimize the electrochemical instabilities. Furthermore, rGO sheets have a relatively low volumetric change during the electrochemical process. It is expected that intimate interactions between TMOs and rGO cannot only promote Li+/electrons transfer, but also inhibit the volume expansion and aggregation during the electrochemical cyclic process.
Chemically integrated hybrid ZnCo2O4/rGO nanocomposites have been synthesized through a polyol process. Ultrafine ZnCo2O4 particles grow and embed on the surface of rGO sheets. Owing to the special nanoparticles-on-sheets structure, the composites exhibit the excellent initial electrochemical discharge capacity for rechargeable LIBs (~1300 mAh g-1 at the current density of 200 mA g-1), high rate stability (~500/550 mAh g-1 at 4000 mA g-1) and outstanding electrochemical cyclic performance (~650/~660 mAh g-1 at 2000 mA g-1 after 2000 cycles with a capacity retention of ~65 %). The superior performance of the synthesized composites can be ascribed to the advantage of nanoparticles. With the successful synthesis of hybrid ZnCo2O4/rGO nanocomposites, the facile strategy can extend to synthesize the composites with other TMOs for much promising storage applications.
Atomic Level Surface Structure of Lithium Layered Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Ahn Juhyeon , Kim Jong Hak , Cho Byung Won , Chung Kyung Yoon , OH Si Hyoung 
Published: February 2020

The structural rearrangement on the surface of lithium transition metal layered oxide is a critical issue on affecting the ion transport behavior in lithium-ion batteries. In layered metal oxides, the local elemental segregations before and/or after cycling is closely associated to the structural evolution, which lead to voltage and capacity fades and poor rate capability. In this study, we show the control of 3d or 4d transition metal segregations and their chemical inhomogeneity on the crystallographic surface planes in lithium- and manganese-rich layered oxides. By developing synthesis processes based on the modification of particle morphology, the relationship between the structural changes and the electrochemical properties is demonstrated by atomic-scale observations. It will be a significant investigation to understand the general trends of surface chemistry of lithium layered oxide, development of efficient surface layer and related diffusion characteristics for ion transportation.
Figure. EDS mapping taken along the [010]monoclinic zone axis for relative distribution of chemical species on the surface layer of lithium- and manganese-rich layered oxide (LMR). (a) Zr-segregated LMR. (b) Zr-unsegregated LMR. (c) Zr-uncontained LMR.
This work is supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2011-C1AAA001-0030538).

Figure 1
Use of RF Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy for the Study of Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Chausseau Matthieu , Hunault Philippe , Savadkouei Kayvon , Chapon Patrick , Gaiaschi Sofia 
Published: February 2020

RF Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (RF GD-OES) provides elemental depth profile analysis for both conductive and non-conductive samples, allowing the study of coatings, thin and thick films but also on diffusion effects between layers and materials.
The analysis is done by sputtering the sample and detecting in real time all elements using a high resolution optical spectrometer. All elements from H to U can be measured using RF GD-OES and the technique is showing a good sensitivity for light elements such as Li, C, H, O or F.
With its ability to perform depth profiling with a nanometric resolution and to go up to 150 µm down in the sample, RF GD-OES is a perfect tool for the study of Lithium Batteries and gives complementary information to SIMS or XPS at a much lower cost and within minutes.
Some specific accessories especially developed for the analysis of Lithium batteries will be presented as well as results on the study damaged electrodes and the identification of the cause of it and the study of electrodes after charge and discharge cycles and how elements can diffuse from the electrolyte or the binder. Other possible applications of RF GD-OES will be presented as well as a brief comparison of its characteristics compared to XPS or SIMS.
Phase Content and Conductivity of Aluminum- and Tantalum-Doped Garnet-Type Lithium Lanthanum Zirconate Solid Electrolyte Materials
Authors: Zhang Xingxing , Fergus Jeffrey 
Published: February 2020

Garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is an attractive solid electrolyte material for lithium batteries. Obtaining the desired high conductivity requires formation of the cubic phase. Small amounts of aluminum and/or tantalum have been shown stabilize the cubic crystal structure and increase the conductivity. In this work, aluminum- and tantalum-doped LLZO have been prepared and evaluated with materials characterization techniques and impedance spectroscopy. The dopant additions stabilized the cubic phase and increase the conductivity of the material.
(Invited) Photoluminescnece Brightening in Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Hou Zhentao , Amori Amanda , Cogan Nicole , Krauss Todd D 
Published: February 2020

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are fundamentally interesting and technologically relevant materials with size tunable absorption and emission across a range of visible and near infrared wavelengths. However, several important aspects of their photophysical properties are not known in enough depth to predict how SWNTs will behave as part of larger integrated nanosystems. In particular, simple concepts such as the fundamental factors that affect photoluminescence efficiency (PL QY) are not well understood for SWNTs.
We recently found that for DNA-wrapped SWNTS, the SWNT PL QY can be increased substantially in the presence of small amounts of mildly reducing molecules such as dithiothreitol (DTT) and Trolox. We will present comprehensive studies of the molecular-induced changes in PL from SWNTs suspended in several other commonly used surfactants. For example, upon addition of the reducing agents, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) wrapped SWNTs showed a 4-fold PL intensity increase while sodium cholate (SC) wrapped SWNTs showed PL decrease by ~45%. Minimal change in PL was observed for SWNTs dispersed in sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and sodium deoxycholate (DOC). By using a state-of-the art NIR sensitive APD, we were able to acquire time resolved PL data from each sample. For SWNTs that were brightened (darkened), the non-radiative rate decreased (increased) and the radiative rate increased (decreased). Our preliminary conclusion is that adding the reductants causes a change in the molecular structure of the surfactant on the SWNT, which changes the local dielectric constant as well as the interaction of the exciton with the molecular orbitals of the surfactant.
We will also present recent data on the PL brightening of individual SDS wrapped SWNTs, whereby we found the PL efficiency enhancement varied substantially among individual nanotubes, with some brightening by up to 6.5 times while others brightened by only 16%. Studies of NTs longer than the diffraction limit reveal the surprising finding that upon adding the reductants, the NTs brightened uniformly, as determined from the PL image. Since non-uniform brightening would result from consecutive interactions with individual point defects, the observation of uniform PL brightening is consistent with the interpretation that the reductants are causing changes in the local SWNT environment. Further, single step brightening across the entire NT followed by a constant, nonblinking PL level suggests the brightening effect could be due to as little as a single molecule interacting with the NT.
Structural and Electrochemical Characterizations of Waste Cooking Oil Based Nano Carbons As Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Capacitors
Authors: Arie Arenst Andreas , Hadisaputra Lukito , Susanti Ratna Frida , Lee Joong Kee , Devianto Hary 
Published: February 2020

Synthesis of nanocarbon on snake fruit-peel’s activated carbon from waste cooking oil palm was conducted by a nebulized spray pyrolysis process (NSP) by varying the processing temperature from 650 -750 ºC. Ferrocene was used as a catalyst with fix concentration of 0.015 g/ml on each experiment variation. The structure of nanocarbon was formed as the carbon nanopsheres (CNS). As the temperature was increased from 650 to 750 ºC, the yield of formed CNSs became larger. Based on the characterizations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), raman spectroscopy, and BET test results, we determined that the temperature 750 ºC was the optimum condition for the growth of nanocarbon. Material from NSP process at 750 ºC was tested by its performance as an electrodes in lithium base supercapacitor with cyclic voltammetry method and we obtained a specificcapacitance of 79.57 F / g at a scan rate of 0.1 mV / s and voltage range from 2.5 - 4 V.
Interaction of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) with Photosynthetic Organisms
Authors: Antonucci Alessandra , Schuergers Nils , Boghossian Ardemis Anoush 
Published: February 2020

For years, the distinctive optical and structural properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have inspired the development of promising applications in the field of cell nanobiotechnology. In particular, the synergistic interaction of SWCNTs with photosynthetic organisms has the potential to enhance the native performance of biological machineries, paving the way for novel, renewable, and low cost solutions for light-harvesting, energy conversion, subcellular sensing, and DNA delivery. Recent studies have largely focused on enabling cellular uptake of SWCNTs by engineering the SWCNT surface through non-covalent side-wall functionalizations. Non-covalent functionalization with a rich variety of biomolecules and polymers has been shown to potentially increase SWCNT solubility and membrane translocation while endowing these nanostructures with enhanced biocompatibility.
We performed a systematic investigation of the effect of SWCNT functionalization on membrane penetration properties using a novel biological host. A custom-built optical setup was used for the unprecedented characterization of near-infrared fluorescence emissions of internalized SWCNTs. These results were used to inform fuctionalization design rules for SWCNT internalization, and more broadly, present a versatile approach towards imaging internalized SWCNTs in biological systems.
Photoluminescent Readout of Molecular Information Using Local Sites Functionalized on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Shiraki Tomohiro , Onitsuka Hisashi , Shiraishi Tomonari , Nakashima Naotoshi 
Published: February 2020

Near infrared photoluminescence (NIR PL) of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is a unique feature based on the one-dimensional nanostructures. Recently, a very limited amount of chemical modification of SWNTs is reported to enhance NIR PL properties, in which oxygen atom doping as well as sp3defect doping are applied to the π-conjugated networks of the SWNT walls. As a result, quantum yield increment and emission wavelength shifts were observed.[1-3] Thus, the locally-functionalized SWNTs (local-f-SWNTs) are expected as novel NIR PL materials because quantum yields of pristine SWNTs are typically low and the tube structures defined by chiral indices determine emission wavelengths.
In this study, we utilize the PL of local-f-SWNTs to read out differences of molecular structures that are constructed at the modified sites by covalent or noncovalent approaches.[4,5] For example, a phenylboronic acid-modified local-f-SWNTs show PL wavelength shifting by attachment of saccharide molecules through molecular recognition at the modified sites, as shown in Figure.[5]
Thus, the present system would be applicable to a novel detection technique that converts molecular information to NIR PL towards future applications including bio-imaging/sensing.

References: [1] Weisman, R. B. et al., Science
2010, 330, 1656-1659. [2] Wang, Y. et al., Nat. Chem.
2013, 5, 840-845. [3] Nakashima, N. et al., J. Phys. Chem. C
2016, 120, 15632-15639. [4] Nakashima, N. et al., Sci. Rep.
2016, 6, 28393. [5] Nakashima, N. et al., Chem. Commun.
2016, 52, 12972-12975.

Figure 1
(Invited) Quasi Phase Transition in a Single File of Water Molecules Encapsulated inside (6,5) Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Cambre Sofie , Ma Xuedan , Wenseleers Wim , Doorn Stephen K. , Htoon Han 
Published: February 2020

The confinement of water molecules in one-dimensional channels leads to fascinating new properties which are of critical importance for many processes in biology, geology, catalysis and nanofluidics. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are one of the most promising model systems to investigate molecules under confinement. They combined atomically-precise diameters that deliver the necessary level of confinement with a weak interaction of the water molecules with their smooth inner walls. Despite significant efforts, theoretical predictions of the behavior and peculiar properties of a single-file chain of water water molecules (e.g. interesting for ultrafast proton transport) have proven to be very hard to validate experimentally.
In this work, we present temperature-dependent (4.2K up to room temperature) photoluminescence (PL) spectra of water-filled and empty chirality-sorted (6,5) SWCNTs. Superimposed on a linear temperature-depenent PL spectral shift of the empty tubes, an additional stepwise PL shift of the water-filled SWCNTs is observed at around 150K. With the empty SWCNTs serving as the ideal reference system, we can assign this observation to temperature-induced changes occuring within the single file molecular chain. Supported by new Molecular Dynamics simulations, we obtain the first experimental evidence of a quasi phase transition of the orientation of the molecular dipoles within such a one-dimensional single file chain of water molecules.
Smart Carbon Nanotubes Assemblies for High Throughput Filtration Devices
Authors: Maggini Laura , Copic Davor , De Volder Michael F. L. 
Published: February 2020

Access to clean water is fundamental to maintain the basic standards of public health. The World Bank is estimating over a billion individuals lacking access to potable water, causing millions of deaths annually. Only few point-of-use technologies are available providing efficient removal of pollutants and pathogens. Hence there is a critical need to develop low-cost, sustainable and highly effective filtration technologies essential for undeveloped countries lacking water treatment infrastructures.
Since the Middle Ages, people have been using charcoal to filter water because of its exceptional ability to adsorb contaminants. With the advent of nanotechnology, new forms of carbon have been discovered (i.e. carbon nanotubes, CNTs), which have demonstrated impressive sorption capacities, and more spectacularly, have found to be able to efficiently remove viruses and bacteria from water. Unfortunately, methods need to be developed to organize CNTs into highly structured and well-understood materials for safe and efficient implementation in filtration devices.
Herein we report an unprecedented sequential engineering of the architecture of CNT materials by combining emulsification methods with colloidal self-assembly. This approach allows preparation of well-defined spherical CNT supraparticles, which upon assembly, give rise to a filter whose porosity and density can be precisely engineered, allowing full exploitation of the impressive decontaminating action of CNTs.