bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engaging grade school learners with an interactive medical imaging activity
Authors: Fagerstrom Jessica M. , Alvarez Alyssa C. , Cohen Ethan O. , Yorke Afua A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis case report describes a 45‐min active learning lesson plan that engages 4th–5th and 6th–8th grade school students in spatial reasoning through a review of medical imaging. The lesson plan reviews different planar orientations and cross‐sections of computed tomography (CT) images of familiar objects. The lesson is designed to introduce students to the idea that scientists are key contributors to healthcare, including in medical imaging technologies that facilitate the visualization of internal structures of patients without invasive procedures. The lesson demonstrates the three standard anatomical planes, axial, sagittal and coronal, by guiding students through CT image datasets of various objects. Students then are led in an interactive “dissection” of fruit to compare internal structures with medical images. The lesson plan aligns with key aspects of Next Generation Science Standards and aims to spark interest in the field of medical physics among a young student population through an introduction to imaging technologies. Worksheets and imaging datasets are included as supplementary materials to facilitate interested physicists adapting this work for educational purposes in their own communities, with minimal repeated effort.
Tipsy Testimonies: The Effect of Alcohol Intoxication Status, Crime Role and Juror Characteristics on Mock Jury Decision‐Making
Authors: Martin Erica , van Golde Celine , Monds Lauren A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVictims and witnesses are regularly intoxicated with alcohol during crimes and jurors must evaluate their testimony when making decisions. The current study employed a 2 (crime role: victim, witness) × 4 (victim/witness intoxication status: sober, low, moderate, severe) between‐subjects design. Juror characteristics (e.g., alcohol expectancies, personal alcohol consumption, alcohol‐related work experience, demographic factors) were also explored as predictors of mock jury decision‐making. Participants (N = 181) read a trial transcript and completed a survey assessing trial‐related judgements, demographics, and expectations about and experiences with alcohol. Lower victim/witness intoxication was associated with higher credibility ratings, lower cognitive impairment ratings, and more convictions. Crime role did not impact dependent variables and juror characteristics had a limited influence: only alcohol‐related work experience and the perceived gender of the victim/witness predicted a minority of decision types. The current study asserts the need for evidence‐based jury education about alcohol and eyewitness memory with a focus on delivery via familiar metrics.
Amplifying Synergistic Effects of Cuproptosis and Bacterial Membrane Vesicles‐Mediated Photothermal Therapy by Multifunctional Nano‐Biohybrid for Anti‐Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Niu Mei‐Ting , Li Qian‐Ru , Huang Qian‐Xiao , Qin You‐Teng , Meng Dan , Liang Jun‐Long , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe other functions of bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) except serving as immune adjuvants and vaccine platforms are yet to be further explored. This study investigates the photothermal properties of Rhodobacter sphaeroides‐derived BMVs (RMVs) beyond their immunostimulatory properties. A multifunctional nano‐biohybrid, termed CuM@RR, is constructed by encapsulating Cu‐based metal–organic framework (CuM) nanoparticles into DSPE‐PEG2000‐RGD‐functionalized RMVs, leveraging the functionalization and cargo capacity of BMVs. The DSPE‐PEG2000‐RGD modification facilitates the targeted delivery of CuM@RR to tumor sites. CuM core within CuM@RR decomposes in acid tumor microenvironment, releasing Cu2+ and inducing tumor cell cuproptosis. Under 808 nm near‐infrared irradiation, the photothermal effect‐induced apoptosis synergizes with copper ions overload‐induced cuproptosis, causing irreversible mitochondrial damage in tumor cells and triggering strong immunogenic cell death (ICD). The released damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) during ICD, along with the inherent immunoadjuvant properties of CuM@RR, elicit robust anti‐tumor immune responses. In vivo experiments confirm that CuM@RR significantly suppresses tumor growth and prevents tumor rechallenge without obvious systemic toxicity under the synergistic effects of cuproptosis, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy, suggesting the great potential of this multifunctional nano‐biohybrid in developing safe and effective multi‐therapeutic anti‐tumor strategies.
Mechanical Properties of Nanoporous Graphenes: Transferability of Graph Machine‐Learned Force Fields Compared to Local and Reactive Potentials
Authors: Kabylda Adil , Mortazavi Bohayra , Zhuang Xiaoying , Tkatchenko Alexandre 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanoporous and chemically‐bridged graphene nanosheets span a wide chemical space with a broad set of applications in sensing and electronics. Modeling the structure and dynamics of such nanosheets is challenging, as chemical bond making and breaking as well as non‐covalent interactions must be captured accurately and on equal footing. Here it is showed that recent graph‐based machine‐learned force field (MLFF) SO3krates [J. T. Frank et al., Nat. Commun. 15, 6539 (2024)] is able to reliably model the dynamics and mechanical response for a broad class of nanoporous graphenes when trained on accurate density functional theory data that includes long‐range many‐body dispersion (MBD) interactions. In contrast, local moment tensor potentials and empirical reactive potentials are much less accurate. It is also found that recent MLFFs trained on solid‐state datasets must be used with care, since even empirical potentials occasionally yield more accurate results. These findings highlight the potential of properly‐trained graph MLFFs in modeling the properties of whole chemical spaces of complex functional materials.
Progress and Challenges of Ni‐Rich Layered Cathodes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zheng Haonan , Peng Shuang , Liang Suzhe , Yang Weiyou , Chen Chaoyi , Wang Changhong , Yu Ruizhi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNi‐rich layered oxides are recognized as one of the most promising candidates for cathodes in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) due to their intrinsic merits, such as high average voltage and specific capacity. However, their application is profoundly hindered by sluggish interfacial lithium‐ion (Li+)/electron transfer kinetics, which is primarily caused by surface lithium residues, structural transformation, Li/Ni mixing, H2/H3 phase transition, and microcracks. Furthermore, electro‐chemo‐mechanical failures at the cathode/solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) interface, including interfacial side reactions, space‐charge layer (SCL) formation, and interfacial physical disconnection, accelerate capacity fading. This work provides a systematic overview of these challenges and fundamental insights into utilizing Ni‐rich layered cathodes in ASSLBs. Additionally, several key parameters, such as cost, energy density, pressure, and environmental temperature, are evaluated to meet the specific requirements of ASSLBs for commercial applications. Moreover, the representative modification strategies and future research directions for exploring advanced Ni‐rich layered cathode‐based ASSLBs are outlined. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding and essential insights to expedite the application of Ni‐rich layered cathodes in ASSLBs.
Oxidation‐Driven Enhancement of Intrinsic Properties in MXene Electrodes for High‐Performance Flexible Energy Storage
Authors: Cheng Yongfa , Koo Kunmo , Liu Yukun , Barsoum Michael L. , Cai Zizhen , Farha Omar K. , Hu Xiaobing , Dravid Vinayak P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMXenes, a novel class of 2D materials, exhibit great potential for energy storage due to their unique layered structure and excellent electrical conductivity. However, improving the intrinsic electrochemical storage capacity of MXenes remains a significant challenge, often requiring the incorporation of other Faradaic materials. Oxidation, in particular, poses a key issue that impacts the capacity of MXene devices. In this study, controlled oxidation is employed to create nanoscale holes within MXene, transforming them into holey MXene (H‐MXene) nanosheets. These porous structures shorten ion transport distances and increase ion transport pathways, thereby significantly enhancing the electrochemical storage capacity of MXenes. The resulting H‐MXene micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) demonstrate exceptional performance, achieving an aerial capacitance 2.5 times that of unmodified MXene electrodes, along with excellent cycling stability, retaining 91.7% of their capacitance after 10 000 cycles. Additionally, a flexible integrated system combining energy storage and sensing functionalities is developed, showcasing its scalability in self‐powered sensing applications. The incorporation of self‐healing polyurethane (PU) enables the device to retain 90% of its storage capacity after undergoing self‐healing. This study presents a novel approach for developing high‐performance MXene‐based energy storage devices and provides valuable insights into efficient ion transport and storage in 2D materials.
High‐Crystallinity Wrinkled Hard Carbon via Molecular‐Level Anchoring Glucose Molecules with Cooperative‐Assembly of Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yanni , Li Wenwen , Huang Chengxiang , Jiang Zhou , Liu Fuxi , Zhou Xinyan , Zhang Wei , Zheng Weitao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTuning of micro‐ and macro‐structures of hard carbon is important for expanding its properties. However, achieving controlled and integrated modulation of the micro‐ and macro‐structures of such materials remains a challenge. An intermolecular hydrogen bond‐driven interfacial cooperative‐assembly and then polymerization strategy is reported herein: micelles‐glucose molecules are used for the synthesis of wrinkled hard carbon spheres with precisely tunable crystallinity. As intermolecular hydrogen is positioned bonds to achieve an anchoring effect, which facilitates immobilization of glucose molecules at the molecular level during the assembly and subsequent dehydration‐aromatization. In virtue of controlling the micelle concentration, the density of intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions is precisely regulated. As a result, the yielded hard carbon spheres exhibited excellent sodium‐ion storage performance because of their high crystallinity and exposed surfaces. By establishing a simple micelle–based interfacial reaction strategy, the study leverages optimized intermolecular hydrogen bond anchoring effects to tailor the properties of materials at a molecular level.
Enhancing Membrane Materials for Efficient Li Recycling and Recovery
Authors: Tian Xingpeng , Ye Chunchun , Zhang Liyuan , Sugumar Manoj K. , Zhao Yan , McKeown Neil B. , Margadonna Serena , Tan Rui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRapid uptake of lithium‐centric technology, e.g., electric vehicles and large‐scale energy storage, is increasing the demand for efficient technologies for lithium extraction from aqueous sources. Among various lithium‐extraction technologies, membrane processes hold great promise due to energy efficiency and flexible operation in a continuous process with potential commercial viability. However, membrane separators face challenges such as the extraction efficiency due to the limited selectivity toward lithium relative to other species. Low selectivity can be ascribed to the uncontrollable selective channels and inefficient exclusion functions. However, recent selectivity enhancements for other membrane applications, such as in gas separation and energy storage, suggest that this may also be possible for lithium extraction. This review article focuses on the innovations in the membrane chemistries based on rational design following separation principles and unveiling the theories behind enhanced selectivity. Furthermore, recent progress in membrane‐based lithium extraction technologies is summarized with the emphasis on inorganic, organic, and composite materials. The challenges and opportunities for developing the next generation of selective membranes for lithium recovery are also pointed out.
Unveiling Charge Carrier Dynamics at Organic–Inorganic S‐Scheme Heterojunction Interfaces: Insights From Advanced EPR
Authors: Gu Miaoli , Zhang Jianjun , Kurganskii Ivan V. , Poryvaev Artem S. , Fedin Matvey V. , Cheng Bei , Yu Jiaguo , Zhang Liuyang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding charge carrier transfer at heterojunction interfaces is critical for advancing solar energy conversion technologies. This study utilizes continuous wave (CW), pulse, and time‐resolved (TR) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to explore the radical species formed at the TAPA (tris(4−aminophenyl)amine)‐PDA (Terephthaldicarboxaldehyde)/ZnIn2S4 (TP/ZIS) heterojunction interface. CW and pulse EPR identify stable radical defects localized near the interface, accessible to water molecules. Time‐resolved EPR reveals a photoinduced electron transfer from TP to ZIS, leading to the generation of spin‐correlated radical pairs under light irradiation, signifying efficient charge carrier separation and spatial transfer within the S‐scheme heterojunction. This electron transfer mechanism, confirmed through in situ X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, suppresses undesirable carrier recombination, extending charge carrier lifetimes. These findings provide novel insights into the transport direction of charge carriers at the S‐scheme heterojunction interface, offering valuable guidance for designing highly efficient and stable organic–inorganic heterojunction photocatalysts for solar energy applications.
Spin‐Orbit‐Locking Vectorial Metasurface Holography
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Gao Xinyue , Yao Jing , Li Haoran , Shi Yuzhi , Li Bo , Xie Zhenwei , Yuan Xiaocong , Lai Puxiang , Song Qinghua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVectorial metasurface holography, allowing for independent control over the amplitude, phase, and polarization distribution of holographic images enabled by metasurfaces, plays a crucial role in the realm of optical display, optical, and quantum communications. However, previous research on vectorial metasurface holography has typically been restricted to single degree of freedom input and single channel output, thereby demonstrating a very limited modulation capacity. This work presents a novel method to achieve multi‐channel vectorial metasurface holography by harnessing spin‐orbit‐locking vortex beams. In each channel, the optical vectorial field is encoded with a pair of total angular momentums (TAMs) featuring two orthogonal spin angular momentums (SAMs) independently locked with arbitrary orbital angular momentums (OAMs). The methodology relies on a modified Gerchberg‐Saxton algorithm, enabling the encoding of various TAM channels within a single phase profile. Consequently, a pure geometry‐phase metasurface with a non‐interleaved approach can be used to support such multi‐channel vectorial holography, achieving high selectivity of both SAM and OAM, and offering precise routing and manipulation of complex light channels. The work presents a paradigm shift in the field of holography, offering promising avenues for high‐density optical information processing and future photonic device design.
Conjugation Strategies for Low Solubility Proteins to Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Sensitive Fluorescent Assay to Protease Activity
Authors: Hejazi Sepehr , Masud Nabila , Hasib Md. Hasibul Hasan , Bertrand Cole , Sarkar Anwesha , Reuel Nigel F 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)‐based optical biosensors are shown to detect hydrolase activity directly on target substrates. This study presents a metastable protein conjugation approach to immobilize hydrophobic proteins and enhance sensitivity of protease detection. The method combines covalent conjugation of substrate proteins via carbodiimide chemistry with non‐covalent polymer wrapping of SWCNT, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The formation of protein‐SWCNT complexes as a result of multi‐site conjugation between the proteins and carboxyl groups, enabled iterative pelleting, washing, and resuspension steps to be applied to the probes which allowed for the removal of unbound proteins and residual materials, enhancing the sensor's sensitivity by approximately threefold, reaching a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.4 ng ml−1 in a 5 minute reaction. This immobilization approach is applied to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as gelatin and collagen to detect ECM degrading enzyme activity. ECM degrading enzymes caused a fluorescent intensity decrease of the SWCNT probes, enabling quantification of enzyme concentration between the range 160 ng ml−1 to 100 µg ml−1 within 5 minutes of reaction. This hybrid approach provides a rapid and sensitive platform for detecting extracellular degrading enzymes with potential applications in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, wound healing, high‐throughput screening for enzyme inhibitors, and drug discovery.
β‐Sheets Orientation in Physisorbed Protein Layers
Authors: Piscitelli Matteo , Bajrami Diellza , Franco Cinzia Di , Sarcina Lucia , Catacchio Michele , Macchia Eleonora , Torsi Luisa , Mizaikoff Boris , Scamarcio Gaetano 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhysisorption of antibodies onto surfaces is a low‐cost, rapid, and effective approach for immobilizing bioreceptors in applications such as bioelectronic sensors. However, there is a prevailing notion that physisorbed protein layers lack structural order, thus potentially compromising their stability and sensitivity compared to antibody films that are covalently attached to the substrate surface. This study demonstrates the preferential orientation of β‐sheets within the secondary structure of protein layers, specifically anti‐immunoglobulin G (anti‐IgG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), when physisorbed onto gold (Au) thin films. Using polarization modulation infrared reflection‐absorption spectroscopy (PM‐IRRAS) and infrared attenuated total reflection (IR‐ATR) spectroscopy, it has been confirmed that the β‐strands in these protein layers are tilted relative to the surface normal by average angles of 75.3° ± 0.4° for anti‐IgG and of 79.3 ± 0.2° for BSA. These results are obtained by analyzing the orientation of the transition dipole moments (TDMs) associated with the amide I molecular vibrations derived from a comparison between experimental and simulated mid‐infrared spectra assuming isotropically oriented TDMs. The simulations incorporate refractive and absorption index dispersions obtained from the IR‐ATR spectra. Thus obtained findings offer valuable molecular‐level insights facilitating the design and optimization of biofunctionalized interfaces in advanced biomedical and biosensing applications.
Kinetics‐Tunable Photochromism and Dual‐Mode Luminescence Modulation in BaTiO3‐Based Phosphors for Dynamic Anti‐Counterfeiting Application
Authors: Fu Shasha , Huang Anjun , Zhao Heping , Zi Yingzhu , Bai Xue , Gao Ziwen , Haider Asif Ali , Liu Yue , Cun Yangke , Song Zhiguo , Qiu Jianbei , Tatiana Cherkasova , Yang Zhengwen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe security level of traditional optical anti‐counterfeiting agents is increasingly insufficient to meet the demands of a rapidly advancing society, resulting in significant losses for individuals and corporations. In this study, a series of pure and lanthanides‐doped BaTiO3 （BTO） phosphors are synthesized, exhibiting reversible photochromic and bleaching phenomenon through alternating UV light irradiation and thermal treatment. The maximum coloration contrast of the samples is influenced by the choice of dopants, primarily due to the variation in oxygen vacancy concentrations. Notably, lanthanide doping accelerates the photochromic response compared to the undoped sample, attributed to enhanced carrier mobility and concentration from the introduction of intermediate energy levels. Multi‐mode upconversion luminescence modulation (UCL) is achieved through the re‐absorption effect, yielding maximum green (λex = 980 nm) and red (λex = 1550 nm) UCL modulation rate of 67% and 59%, respectively. Furthermore, an application in temporal encryption is demonstrated, leveraging the kinetics‐tunable photochromism and multi‐mode UCL of BaTiO3‐based phosphors.
Stimuli‐Responsive Smart Glass with Switchable Unidirectional Light Source for Enhanced Privacy/Indoor Illumination
Authors: Wu Chun‐Ting , Selvaraj Pravinraj , Tsai Yuan‐Chang , Huang Chi‐Tang , Sun Ching‐Cherng , Cheng Ko‐Ting 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLight manipulation is in high demand in science and industry. Smart glasses enable dynamic light control for indoor illumination, privacy protection, automobiles, and displays. However, existing technologies often limit single‐functionality (simultaneous bidirectional transparency or opacity) and strongly inherent user preferences. Here, a novel class of stimuli‐responsive smart glass featuring a switchable unidirectional light source using 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone (DMPAP)‐doped twisted hybrid polymer network liquid crystals (TH‐PNLCs) with a linear polarizer is developed. These DMPAP‐doped TH‐PNLCs exhibit a blue‐shift in spectra under cross‐polarizer, enhanced twist angle, and increased light amplitude compared with undoped devices. When subjected to external electric stimuli and edge light, the device emits light bi‐directionally with different polarizations. As a proof of concept, placing a transmissive polarizer in front of the homogeneous alignment layer (Surface A) enables light absorption and scattering toward vertical alignment (Surface B), ensuring privacy by blocking visibility from Surface A while keeping Surface B visible. Replacing the transmissive linear polarizer with a reflective one enhances light scattering, boosting intensity from Surface B, making the device ideal for energy‐efficient indoor lighting. Featuring fast switching times and robust endurance, this stimuli‐responsive smart glass offers a pioneering solution for green buildings and automobiles with enhanced privacy and indoor illumination.
Cis‐Regulation of an m6A Eraser by an Insertion Variant Associated with Survival of Patients With Non‐Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Lei , Hu Qiangsheng , Wang Yanan , Nie Wei , Lu Haijiao , Zhang Bo , Zhao Genming , Ding Shiyun , Pan Feng , Shen Yinchen , Zhong Runbo , Zhang Ruoxin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) serves as one of the crucial RNA modifications for genes involved in cancer progression. Here, 7273 expression quantitative trait loci potentially regulating 30 m6A pathway genes are identified from the GTEx database, with 69 single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with survival of non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients (n = 1523) from the ongoing genome‐wide association study after false positive probability tests. Notably, the rs151198415 locus, situated in a potential enhancer region, demonstrated a prolonged survival effect with the C>CCACG insertion, which is validated in an independent prospective cohort (n = 237), yielding a pooled hazard ratio of 0.72 (p = 0.007). Mechanistically, the rs151198415 C>CCACG insertion engaged in long‐range interaction with the promoter of m6A eraser ALKBH5, promoting ALKBH5 transcription by the creation of an EGR1 binding site. Then, ALKBH5 upregulated FBXL5 expression by m6A demethylation, which is dependent on the ALKBH5 H204 amino acid site and specific m6A sites on FBXL5 mRNA. Finally, the ALKBH5‐FBXL5 axis reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, leading to PI3K/AKT and NF‐kB pathway inhibition and consequently suppresses NSCLC proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Triggered by an insertion variant, this remote cis‐regulation of m6A eraser and the downstream molecular events modulate the survival of NSCLC patients.