bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The facets of an impostor – development and validation of the impostor-profile (IPP31) for measuring impostor phenomenon
Authors: Ibrahim Fabio , Münscher Johann-Christoph , Herzberg Philipp Yorck 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Impostor Phenomenon (IP) is a characteristic, which is composed of cognitions of inauthenticity, in conjunction with fear of failure, as well as fear of being exposed as a fraud. The IP was first described by Clance (1985), who also developed an accompanying questionnaire. However, this questionnaire left room for optimization (item content, pysychometric properties, and the representing IP as a multidimensional construct). Therefore, we developed an item pool of 450 new items based on the theoretical foundation. The core element characteristics are measured using the theoretically derived scales:Competence Doubt,Working Style,Alienation,Other-Self Divergence, FrugalityandNeed for Sympathy. Based on a German sample (N = 771, 51% female), aged 18 to 70 years, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a selection of 31 items. The six scales show satisfactory internal consistencies between .69 and .92. Initial construct validity showed positive correlations with convergent (Neuroticism) and discriminant measures (Self-Esteem). The Impostor-Profile (IPP31) is a theoretically founded multidimensional german questionnaire that can be applied in research and practice.
Biological perspectives and current biofabrication strategies in osteochondral tissue engineering
Authors: Vyas Cian , Mishbak Hussein , Cooper Glen , Peach Chris , Pereira Ruben F. , Bartolo Paulo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractArticular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone are crucial in human movement and when damaged through disease or trauma impacts severely on quality of life. Cartilage has a limited regenerative capacity due to its avascular composition and current therapeutic interventions have limited efficacy. With a rapidly ageing population globally, the numbers of patients requiring therapy for osteochondral disorders is rising, leading to increasing pressures on healthcare systems. Research into novel therapies using tissue engineering has become a priority. However, rational design of biomimetic and clinically effective tissue constructs requires basic understanding of osteochondral biological composition, structure, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, consideration of material design, scaffold architecture, and biofabrication strategies, is needed to assist in the development of tissue engineering therapies enabling successful translation into the clinical arena. This review provides a starting point for any researcher investigating tissue engineering for osteochondral applications. An overview of biological properties of osteochondral tissue, current clinical practices, the role of tissue engineering and biofabrication, and key challenges associated with new treatments is provided. Developing precisely engineered tissue constructs with mechanical and phenotypic stability is the goal. Future work should focus on multi-stimulatory environments, long-term studies to determine phenotypic alterations and tissue formation, and the development of novel bioreactor systems that can more accurately resemble the in vivo environment.
On an application of multi-material composite laminates in the aerospace sector
Authors: Luinge Hans , Warnet Laurent L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the possibility to use shredded thermoplastic laminates as one of the plies within a laminate. The focus lies in potential performance decrease due to the presence of such compounds within the laminate. For this purpose, a typical application of a stampformed thermoplastic-based laminate is taken as a basis. In this application, the replacement of mid-plane layers by a moulding compound is considered. The performance knockdown is evaluated using a series of tests typically related to the application. The results of bending, bearing and curved beam tests are reported and analysed. The results show that the replacement of continuous fibres by shredded laminates does not affect significantly the performance of the material for the chosen properties. The applicability of such hybrid laminates is further discussed based on these results.
Charging ‘overseas visitors’ for NHS treatment, from Bevan to Windrush and beyond
Authors: McHale Jean V , Speakman Elizabeth M 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the development and operation of law and policy concerning the charging of overseas visitors for healthcare in England from the beginnings of the NHS to the present day. It highlights how this has been a highly contentious issue for decades, often linked with immigration policy, and is an area that still lacks comprehensive reliable empirical data to inform the debate. It explores and analyses the recent reforms to the NHS Overseas Charging Regulations introduced in 2015 and 2017. It demonstrates the problems in implementing the most recent regulations in an era of the ‘hostile environment’ and argues that the approach which has been taken can be seen as undermining the covenant of trust between patient and clinician and thus the fundamental principles of the NHS.
Reducing potential aerosol generation in flexible nasolaryngoscopy: a novel method
Authors: Curran J , Calder N , Yaneza M , Iyer A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundFibre-optic nasoendoscopy and fibre-optic laryngoscopy are high-risk procedures in the coronavirus disease 2019 era, as they are potential aerosol-generating procedures. Barrier protection remains key to preventing transmission.MethodsA device was developed that patients can wear to reduce potential aerosol contamination of the surroundings.ConclusionThis device is simple, reproducible, easy to use, economical and well-tolerated. Full personal protection equipment should additionally be worn by the operator.
Test, test, test – a complication of testing for coronavirus disease 2019 with nasal swabs
Authors: Mughal Z , Luff E , Okonkwo O , Hall C E J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019, a highly transmissible respiratory infection, has created a public health crisis of global magnitude. The mainstay of diagnostic testing for coronavirus disease 2019 is molecular polymerase chain reaction testing of a respiratory specimen, obtained with a viral swab. As the incidence of new cases of coronavirus disease 2019 increases exponentially, the use of viral swabs to collect nasopharyngeal specimens is anticipated to increase drastically.Case reportThis paper draws attention to a complication of viral swab testing in the nasopharynx and describes the premature engagement of a viral swab breakpoint, resulting in impaction in the nasal cavity.ConclusionThis case highlights a possible design flaw of the viral swab when used to collect nasopharyngeal specimens, which then requires an aerosol-generating procedure in a high-risk patient to be performed. The paper outlines a safe technique of nasal foreign body removal in a suspected coronavirus disease 2019 patient and suggests alternative testing materials.
A T2 Translational Science Modified Delphi Study: Spinal Motion Restriction in a Resource-Scarce Environment
Authors: Weinstein Eric S. , Cuthbertson Joseph L. , Ragazzoni Luca , Verde Manuela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Emerging evidence is guiding changes in prehospital management of potential spinal injuries. The majority of settings related to current recommendations are in resource-rich environments (RREs), whereas there is a lack of guidance on the provision of spinal motion restriction (SMR) in resource-scarce environments (RSEs), such as: mass-casualty incidents (MCIs); low-middle income countries; complex humanitarian emergencies; conflict zones; and prolonged transport times. The application of Translational Science (TS) in the Disaster Medicine (DM) context was used to develop this study, leading to statements that can be used in the creation of evidence-based clinical guidelines (CGs).Objective:What is appropriate SMR in RSEs?Methods:The first round of this modified Delphi (mD) study was a structured focus group conducted at the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM) Congress in Brisbane Australia on May 9, 2019. The result of the focus group discussion of open-ended questions produced ten statements that were added to ten statements derived from Fischer (2018) to create the second mD round questionnaire.Academic researchers and educators, operational first responders, or first receivers of patients with suspected spinal injuries were identified to be mD experts. Experts rated their agreement with each statement on a seven-point linear numeric scale. Consensus amongst experts was defined as a standard deviation ≤1.0. Statements that were in agreement reaching consensus were included in the final report; those that were not in agreement but reached consensus were removed from further consideration. Those not reaching consensus advanced to the third mD round.For subsequent rounds, experts were shown the mean response and their own response for each of the remaining statements and asked to reconsider their rating. As above, those that did not reach consensus advanced to the next round until consensus was reached for each statement.Results:Twenty-two experts agreed to participate with 19 completing the second mD round and 16 completing the third mD round. Eleven statements reached consensus. Nine statements did not reach consensus.Conclusions:Experts reached consensus offering 11 statements to be incorporated into the creation of SMR CGs in RSEs. The nine statements that did not reach consensus can be further studied and potentially modified to determine if these can be considered in SMR CGs in RSEs.
Ahmadreza Djalali, MD, PhD is Dying
Authors: Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: July 2020

Editor-in-Chief Note:Dr. Djalali is a well-known member of the international disaster medicine community. He is a man always with a smile and sincere in seeking the best for all mankind. His now extremely prolonged imprisonment without due process to allow him to defend himself represents one of the most profound inhumane acts on the globe. His torture and starvation are beyond comprehension for the international health and medicine community as well as all men and women. The pictures that accompany this editorial are published with proper permissions and have been authenticated as untouched from the originals.
Automatic generation of lexica for sentiment polarity shifters
Authors: Schulder Marc , Wiegand Michael , Ruppenhofer Josef 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlleviating pain is good and abandoning hope is bad. We instinctively understand how words like alleviate and abandon affect the polarity of a phrase, inverting or weakening it. When these words are content words, such as verbs, nouns, and adjectives, we refer to them as polarity shifters. Shifters are a frequent occurrence in human language and an important part of successfully modeling negation in sentiment analysis; yet research on negation modeling has focused almost exclusively on a small handful of closed-class negation words, such as not, no, and without. A major reason for this is that shifters are far more lexically diverse than negation words, but no resources exist to help identify them. We seek to remedy this lack of shifter resources by introducing a large lexicon of polarity shifters that covers English verbs, nouns, and adjectives. Creating the lexicon entirely by hand would be prohibitively expensive. Instead, we develop a bootstrapping approach that combines automatic classification with human verification to ensure the high quality of our lexicon while reducing annotation costs by over 70%. Our approach leverages a number of linguistic insights; while some features are based on textual patterns, others use semantic resources or syntactic relatedness. The created lexicon is evaluated both on a polarity shifter gold standard and on a polarity classification task.
Evaluation of dicamba retention in spray tanks and its impact on flue-cured tobacco
Authors: Inman Matthew D. , Vann Matthew C. , Fisher Loren R. , Gannon Travis W. , Jordan David L. , Jennings Katie M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn recent years, there has been increased use of dicamba due to the introduction of dicamba-resistant cotton and soybean in the United States. Therefore, there is a potential increase in off-target movement of dicamba and injury to sensitive crops. Flue-cured tobacco is extremely sensitive to auxin herbicides, particularly dicamba. In addition to yield loss, residue from drift or equipment contamination can have severe repercussions for the marketability of the crop. Studies were conducted in 2016, 2017, and 2018 in North Carolina to evaluate spray-tank cleanout efficiency of dicamba using various cleaning procedures. No difference in dicamba recovery was observed regardless of dicamba formulation and cleaning agent. Dicamba residue decreased with the number of rinses. There was no difference in dicamba residue recovered from the third rinse compared with residue from the tank after being refilled for subsequent tank use. Recovery ranged from 2% to 19% of the original concentration rate among the three rinses. Field studies were also conducted in 2018 to evaluate flue-cured tobacco response to reduced rates of dicamba ranging, from 1/5 to 1/10,000 of a labeled rate. Injury and yield reductions varied by environment and application timing. When exposed to 1/500 of a labeled rate at 7 and 11 wk after transplanting, tobacco injury ranged from 39% to 53% and 10% to 16% 24 days after application, respectively. The maximum yield reduction was 62%, with a 55% reduction in value when exposed to 112 g ha−1 of dicamba. Correlations showed significant relationships between crop injury assessment and yield and value reductions, with Pearson values ranging from 0.24 to 0.63. These data can provide guidance to growers and stakeholders and emphasize the need for diligent stewardship when using dicamba technology.
The Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Therapy as an Alternative Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children
Authors: van Hoogdalem Lothar E. , Feijs Hanneke M. E. , Bramer Wichor M. , Ismail Sohal Y. , van Dongen Josanne D. M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Findings for the effectiveness of neurofeedback in autism spectrum disorder are found to be inconsistent. Therefore, this review comprehensively and systematically reviewed literature on the effectiveness of neurofeedback for the treatment of autism spectrum disorders in children. A systematic search of Embase, Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and Google Scholar was carried out in October 2017 to find relevant papers. We selected full journal articles that reported neurofeedback as a treatment for autism in children (0–17 years). The search yielded 587 articles and we included 20 references with a total of 443 participants. Ninety-four percent of nonrandomized controlled and experimental trials concerning neurofeedback for autism spectrum disorders found positive results. The evidence for effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy was even more robust when only randomized controlled studies were considered. Although there are only a few randomized controlled studies, results support effectiveness of neurofeedback for autism spectrum disorder, including long-term positive effects. In the future, optimal treatment protocols have to be developed to guide clinicians in their neurofeedback treatment. In conclusion, neurofeedback seems to be an alternative treatment for autism spectrum disorders, with space for improvement.
Fallout of Lead Over Paris From the 2019 Notre‐Dame Cathedral Fire
Authors: van Geen Alexander , Yao Yuling , Ellis Tyler , Gelman Andrew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe roof and spire of Notre‐Dame cathedral in Paris that caught fire and collapsed on 15 April 2019 were covered with 460 t of lead (Pb). Government reports documented Pb deposition immediately downwind of the cathedral and a twentyfold increase in airborne Pb concentrations at a distance of 50 km in the aftermath. For this study, we collected 100 samples of surface soil from tree pits, parks, and other sites in all directions within 1 km of the cathedral. Concentrations of Pb measured by X‐ray fluorescence range from 30 to 9,000 mg/kg across the area, with a higher proportion of elevated concentrations to the northwest of the cathedral, in the direction of the wind prevailing during the fire. By integrating these observations with a Gaussian process regression model, we estimate that the average concentration of Pb in surface soil downwind of the cathedral is 430 (95% interval, 300–590) mg/kg, nearly double the average Pb concentration in the other directions of 240 (95% interval, 170–320) mg/kg. The difference corresponds to an integrated excess Pb inventory within a 1 km radius of 1.0 (95% interval, 0.5–1.5) t, about 0.2% of all the Pb covering the roof and spire. This is over 6 times the estimated amount of Pb deposited downwind 1–50 km from the cathedral. To what extent the concentrated fallout within 1 km documented here temporarily exposed the downwind population to Pb is difficult to confirm independently because too few soil, dust, and blood samples were collected immediately after the fire.
Effects of Regional Transport on Haze in the North China Plain: Transport of Precursors or Secondary Inorganic Aerosols
Authors: Du Huiyun , Li Jie , Wang Zifa , Dao Xu , Guo Song , Wang Lingling , Ma Shuangliang , Wu Jianbin , Yang Wenyi , Chen Xueshun , Sun Yele 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMost previous studies treat regional transport of aerosols as a whole, without distinguishing the transport of secondary aerosols and that of their precursors. A new method of quantifying the transport forms of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) using the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System was proposed. The contribution of nonlocal emissions to SIA in the receptor region was divided into three parts: (1) SIA chemically formed by nonlocal emissions in their source regions; (2) SIA chemically formed by nonlocal emissions during transport; and (3) SIA chemically formed by nonlocal emissions in the receptor region, representing transport of precursors. In the North China Plain, the transport of precursors and SIA produced during transport are the two main transport forms. Furthermore, the contribution from transport of precursors increased under polluted conditions in most cities. The results indicate that joint control of precursors is paramount for mitigating air pollution.
InSAR Evidence Indicates a Link Between Fluid Injection for Salt Mining and the 2019 Changning (China) Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Wang Shuai , Jiang Guoyan , Weingarten Matthew , Niu Yufen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn June 2019, an earthquake sequence comprising five M > 5 events occurred in a region of southwest China with fluid injection for both hydraulic fracturing and salt mining, which raised an extensive controversy on the cause. Here we use interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations to determine the source parameters of the sequence and to investigate the relationship with local injection activities. Both Sentinel‐1 and Advanced Land Observing Satellite 2 SAR images are collected to measure coseismic and preseismic surface deformation. Geodetic inversions with coseismic observations show that the sequence ruptured a previously unmapped southwest‐dipping thrust fault above 3 km depth, which intersects with the open‐hole sections of wells for solution mining of salt. In the 4 months before the sequence, cumulative line‐of‐sight displacements near the wells are around 1–2 cm after correcting seasonal‐like deformation. Our results indicate that water injection likely enhanced pore pressure within the fault zone and thus contributed to inducing the sequence.
Nanoconfined Water Effect on CO2 Utilization and Geological Storage
Authors: Zhang Kaiqiang , Liu Lirong , Huang Guohe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding nanoconfined water effect on CO2 utilization and storage has tremendous implications in academic research and practical applications, especially for extremely low‐permeability shale reservoirs. Here, a new nanoscale‐extended cubic‐plus association equation of state is developed by including the confinement effects and intermolecular interactions, based on which the phase behavior and interfacial tension of the pure water and water‐CO2 system are accurately calculated. Moreover, three important parameters, caprock‐sealing pressure, maximum storage height, and storage capacity, are quantitatively determined for assessing the potential for the CO2 storage. On the basis of the results from this study, the negative effect of nanoconfiend water can be substantially reduced or even converted to be positive for the CO2 utilization and storage in the shale reservoirs due to the extremely small pore scale as well as the associated strong confinements and intermolecular interactions. Overall, this study supports the foundation of general practical applications pertaining to CO2 utilization and geological storage in unconventional low‐permeability shale formations with existence of nanoconfined water.
Initial GNSS Phase Altimetry Measurements From the Spire Satellite Constellation
Authors: Nguyen Vu A. , Nogués‐Correig Oleguer , Yuasa Takayuki , Masters Dallas , Irisov Vladimir 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe collection of phase coherent Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reflected signals from radio occultation receivers in low‐Earth orbit potentially offers the capability of deriving precise altimetry measurements over open and sea‐ice‐covered water at unprecedented coverage and low cost. Although past studies have verified the possibility of deriving altimetric measurements from GNSS observations, there is still uncertainty regarding the precision of this technique and its application. This study highlights the extraction of altimetric information from initial grazing angle GNSS reflection events observed by Spire satellites. Results show that the majority of coherent events occur over sea‐ice‐covered regions. A smaller number of coherent events are observed over the open ocean due to rougher scattering conditions. Altimetric retrieval was performed using dual frequency phase measurements from several events and compared to a model of the sea surface to demonstrate agreement to within 3 cm after the removal of the average height difference.
Scale‐Free Structure of Surface‐Water Connectivity Within a Lowland River‐Floodplain Landscape
Authors: Castillo Cesar R. , Güneralp İnci , Hales Billy , Güneralp Burak 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLowland rivers regularly flood and create complex inundation patterns where energy and matter are exchanged between landscape patches over a dynamic network of surface‐water connections. Scale‐freeness of networks for phenomena in many disciplines have been studied with mixed results. Here we present the first documented example of a (roughly) scale‐free network of surface‐water connections within a river‐floodplain landscape. We accomplish this by simulating 23 inundation maps across the historical range of flows for the Mission River in Texas. We then analyze the topology of the surface‐water connections between the river and two habitat patch types. Results show that surface‐water connectivity is scale‐free for ≥64% of simulated flows (≥70% for flows with floodplain inundation). Moreover, the dynamic surface‐water connections meet five of the six conceptual criteria of scale‐free networks. Our findings indicate that river‐floodplain landscapes are self‐organizing toward scale‐free surface‐water connections among patches that optimizes energy and matter exchange.