bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Prediction Models for Type 2 Diabetes Relapse After Post-bariatric Surgery Remission: a Post hoc Analysis of 15-Year Follow-up Data from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) Study
Authors: Sjöholm Kajsa , Svensson Per-Arne , Taube Magdalena , Jacobson Peter , Andersson-Assarsson Johanna C. , Carlsson Lena M. S. , Peltonen Markku 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Many patients achieve type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission after bariatric surgery, but relapse after post-surgery remission is common. Scoring models accurately predict remission up to 5 years after surgery but have not been tested for prediction of long-term T2D relapse. The aim of this work was to test the ability of prediction models and single predictors to identify patients at risk of long-term relapse (10–15 years) after post-surgery T2D remission.

Methods
We identified 222 individuals with T2D from the surgically treated group in the prospective Swedish Obese Subjects study, who were in remission at the 2-year follow-up and had data available for prediction of long-term T2D relapse. T2D remission/relapse was assessed after 10 and 15 years. Model performance (discrimination) was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves.

Results
Preoperative prediction of relapse using scores DiaRem, Ad-DiaRem, and DiaBetter and T2D duration alone was poor, as indicated by AUROC curves between 0.61–0.64 at 10 years and 0.62–0.66 at 15 years. Likewise, the 5y-Ad-DiaRem score, which includes early postoperative measures, resulted in AUROC curves of 0.65 and 0.70 for relapse at 10 and 15 years, respectively. Two-year weight change alone had higher discriminatory capacity than the 5y-Ad-DiaRem model at 10 years (AUROC = 0.70; p = 0.036) and similar capacity at 15 years (AUROC = 0.78; p = 0.188).

Conclusions
Predictive performance of all tested models is low for T2D relapse. By contrast, a single measure of 2-year weight change after surgery was associated with relapse, supporting a key role for initial weight reduction in long-term T2D control.
The issues with tissues: the wide range of cell fate separation enables the evolution of multicellularity and cancer
Authors: Hammarlund Emma U. , Amend Sarah R. , Pienta Kenneth J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOur understanding of the rises of animal and cancer multicellularity face the same conceptual hurdles: what makes the clade originate and what makes it diversify. Between the events of origination and diversification lies complex tissue organization that gave rise to novel functionality for organisms and, unfortunately, for malignant transformation in cells. Tissue specialization with distinctly separated cell fates allowed novel functionality at organism level, such as for vertebrate animals, but also involved trade-offs at the cellular level that are potentially disruptive. These trade-offs are under-appreciated and here we discuss how the wide separation of cell phenotypes may contribute to cancer evolution by (a) how factors can reverse differentiated cells into a window of phenotypic plasticity, (b) the reversal to phenotypic plasticity coupled with asexual reproduction occurs in a way that the host cannot adapt, and (c) the power of the transformation factor correlates to the power needed to reverse tissue specialization. The role of reversed cell fate separation for cancer evolution is strengthened by how some tissues and organisms maintain high cell proliferation and plasticity without developing tumours at a corresponding rate. This demonstrates a potential proliferation paradox that requires further explanation. These insights from the cancer field, which observes tissue evolution in real time and closer than any other field, allow inferences to be made on evolutionary events in animal history. If a sweet spot of phenotypic and reproductive versatility is key to transformation, factors stimulating cell fate separation may have promoted also animal diversification on Earth.
Streamwater responses to reduced nitrogen deposition at four small upland catchments in Norway
Authors: Kaste Øyvind , Austnes Kari , de Wit Heleen A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReduced emissions of nitrogen (N) in Europe have resulted in decreasing atmospheric deposition since 1990. Long-term data (1988–2017) from four small Norwegian catchments located along gradients in N deposition, rainfall, and organic carbon (C) show different responses to 25–30% reductions in N deposition during the same period. At three sites the decreased N deposition caused reduced leaching of nitrate to surface water, whereas the westernmost site showed no decrease, probably due to thin soils with low C:N ratio, poor vegetation cover and high precipitation. The loss of total N to streamwater constituted 30–50% of the N deposition. Losses via denitrification are unknown but assumed to be low, as a major fraction of the catchments are well-drained. Hence, the study sites seem to continue to accumulate N, presumably mostly in soil organic matter. Although atmospheric N deposition has declined, ambient loads might still exceed long-term sustainable levels in these vulnerable ecosystems.
Molecular and functional characterization of ferulate-5-hydroxylase in Populus tomentosa
Authors: Jiang Wenting , Zeng Qiqi , Jiang Yan , Gai Ying , Jiang Xiangning 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFerulate-5-hydroxylase (F5H) is a key rate-limiting enzyme for the conversion of guaiacyl monolignol (G-monolignol) to syringyl monolignol (S-monolignol) in the specific synthetic lignin pathway, through the catalysis of the 5-hydroxylation of S-monolignol precursors ferulic acid, conifer aldehyde, and coniferyl alcohol. In this study, we cloned the F5H gene of Populus tomenta (PtoF5H), whose product has a highly conserved domain of P450-dependent monooxygenase family. Subcellular localization result demonstrated that PtoF5H protein is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein. Furthermore, the PtoF5H was transformed into tobacco in the form of sense- and antisense-, showed that the proportion of S-monolignol increased when PtoF5H gene was overexpressed, suggesting PtoF5H could be used as a target gene for modifying lignin composition. These findings provide further insight into the function of PtoF5H.
Studying the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019: a protocol for the Berlin prospective COVID-19 patient cohort (Pa-COVID-19)
Authors: Kurth Florian , Roennefarth Maria , Thibeault Charlotte , Corman Victor M. , Müller-Redetzky Holger , Mittermaier Mirja , Ruwwe-Glösenkamp Christoph , Heim Katrin M. , Krannich Alexander , Zvorc Saskia , Schmidt Sein , Kretzler Lucie , Dang-Heine Chantip , Rose Matthias , Hummel Michael , Hocke Andreas , Hübner Ralf H. , Opitz Bastian , Mall Marcus A. , Röhmel Jobst , Landmesser Ulf , Pieske Burkert , Knauss Samuel , Endres Matthias , Spranger Joachim , Mockenhaupt Frank P. , Tacke Frank , Treskatsch Sascha , Angermair Stefan , Siegmund Britta , Spies Claudia , Weber-Carstens Steffen , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Schürmann Dirk , Uhrig Alexander , Stegemann Miriam S. , Zoller Thomas , Drosten Christian , Suttorp Norbert , Witzenrath Martin , Hippenstiel Stefan , von Kalle Christof , Sander Leif Erik 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide causing a global health emergency. Pa-COVID-19 aims to provide comprehensive data on clinical course, pathophysiology, immunology and outcome of COVID-19, to identify prognostic biomarkers, clinical scores, and therapeutic targets for improved clinical management and preventive interventions.

Methods
Pa-COVID-19 is a prospective observational cohort study of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection treated at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. We collect data on epidemiology, demography, medical history, symptoms, clinical course, and pathogen testing and treatment. Systematic, serial blood sampling will allow deep molecular and immunological phenotyping, transcriptomic profiling, and comprehensive biobanking. Longitudinal data and sample collection during hospitalization will be supplemented by long-term follow-up.

Results
Outcome measures include the WHO clinical ordinal scale on day 15 and clinical, functional, and health-related quality-of-life assessments at discharge and during follow-up. We developed a scalable dataset to (i) suit national standards of care, (ii) facilitate comprehensive data collection in medical care facilities with varying resources, and (iii) allow for rapid implementation of interventional trials based on the standardized study design and data collection. We propose this scalable protocol as blueprint for harmonized data collection and deep phenotyping in COVID-19 in Germany.

Conclusion
We established a basic platform for harmonized, scalable data collection, pathophysiological analysis, and deep phenotyping of COVID-19, which enables rapid generation of evidence for improved medical care and identification of candidate therapeutic and preventive strategies. The electronic database accredited for interventional trials allows fast trial implementation for candidate therapeutic agents.

Trial registration
Registered at the German registry for clinical studies (DRKS00021688)
Sonographic Assessment of Fetal Neck Circumference (NC) As a Predictor of Gestational Age
Authors: Abdulkadir Muhammad K. , Nwobi Ivor C. , Abubakar Auwal , Izge Ilyasu , Abdulkarim Abdulaziz 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The need for development of population based nomograms for ultrasound fetal dating cannot be overemphasised. The objective of this study was to develop a nomogram of Fetal Neck Circumference (NC) for predicting gestational age for this population.
Methods This was a cross sectional prospective study of 203 singleton normal pregnant women of 15–40 weeks’ gestation. Fetal NC was measured the 5th, 50th and 95th centile values were estimated at each week of gestational age, 50th centile values were then compared to Caucasian and African population study to assess variability.
Results A nomogram was derived and NC values showed no statistical significant difference compared to the Caucasians (p = 0.065, 0.257) and African (p = 0.947) population. There was a strong positive significant correlation (r2 = 0.799; p = 0.001) between NC and average gestational age. Method of least square yielded to the equation y = 2.22x + 5.390. NC relationship with BPD (r2 = 0.859; p = 0.001), FL (r2 = 0.842; p = 0.001) and HC (r2 = 0.662; p = 0.001) were also significant and positive. Estimated weekly increase in NC was 0.72 cm.
Conclusion This study derived nomogram for ultrasound measurement of fetal NC in a Northern Nigerian population. However, NC values from this study differ less with an African population than with Caucasian study population.
Umbilical Artery Doppler Indices at the Perivesical Segment in Growth-Restricted Fetuses
Authors: Kaya Başak , Atiş Aydin Alev 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo compare perinatal outcomes of growth-restricted fetuses with bilateral positive end-diastolic (PED) flow at the perivesical segment (PVC) and growth-restricted fetuses with unilateral or bilateral absent/reverse end-diastolic (ARED) flow at the PVC segment. A total of 119 growth-restricted fetuses with PED flow at the free loop of the umbilical artery were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Methods The patients were separated into three groups according to presence or absence of the end-diastolic flow at the perivesical segment. Patients with bilateral PED flow at the PVC segment were enrolled in Group1, patients with unilateral and bilateral (ARED) flow at the PVC segment were enrolled in Group 2 and 3, respectively. The perinatal outcomes of the groups were investigated. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of maternal age, gravida, parity, the gestational age at ultrasound examination and the pulsatility index of free umbilical artery. The gestational age at delivery, the birth weight and the interval between the diagnosis and delivery were found significantly higher in Group 1 than the other groups, there were no significant differences between Group 2 and 3 in terms of these parameters. More adverse pregnancy outcomes were observed in the unilateral and bilateral ARED flow groups than the bilateral PED flow group. In addition to the free loop Doppler indices, measuring the umbilical arteries Doppler indices at the PVC segment could contribute to the determination of more growth-restricted fetuses at risk of hypoxia.
Donor-transmitted cancer in kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review
Authors: Eccher Albino , Girolami Ilaria , Motter Jennifer Danielle , Marletta Stefano , Gambaro Giovanni , Momo Rostand Emmanuel Nguefuet , Nacchia Francesco , Donato Paola , Boschiero Luigino , Boggi Ugo , Lombardini Letizia , Cardillo Massimo , D’Errico Antonietta , Neil Desley , Segev Dorry Lidor , Zaza Gianluigi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe transmission of cancer from a donor organ is a rare event but has important consequences. Aim of this systematic review was to summarize all the published evidence on cancer transmission in kidney recipients. We reviewed published case reports and series describing the outcome of recipients with donor-transmitted cancer until August 2019. A total of 128 papers were included, representing 234 recipients. The most common transmitted cancers were lymphoma (n = 48, 20.5%), renal cancer (42, 17.9%), melanoma (40, 17.1%), non-small cell lung cancer (n = 13, 5.6%), neuroendocrine cancers comprising small cell lung cancer (n = 11, 4.7%) and choriocarcinoma (n = 10, 4.3%). There was a relative lack of glioblastoma and gastrointestinal cancers with only 6 and 5 cases, respectively. Melanoma and lung cancer had the worst prognosis, with 5-years overall survival of 43% and 19%, respectively; while renal cell cancer and lymphomas had a favorable prognosis with 5-years overall survival of 93 and 63%, respectively. Metastasis of cancer outside the graft was the most important adverse prognostic factor. Overall reporting was good, but information on donors’ cause of death and investigations at procurement was often lacking. Epidemiology of transmitted cancer has evolved, thanks to screening with imaging and blood tests, as choriocarcinoma transmission have almost abolished, while melanoma and lymphoma are still difficult to detect and prevent.
Parameter inversion and location determination of evolutionary weak layer for open-pit mine slope
Authors: Hongze Zhao , Dongyu Wang , Ming Ma , Kaihui Zheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn light of the complex and dynamic mechanical properties of evolving weak strata in open-pit mines, and the consequent difficulty of determining their mechanical parameters, this study uses the ultimate balance theory, along with the back analysis method combined with monitoring data on field displacement, to carry out parameter inversion using the FLAC3D numerical simulation software. The edge slope of a working pit of the Weijiamao open-pit mine was used as research object to this end. As the results obtained by the constitutive model were consistent with the field monitoring data, the evolving weak strata in the slope and the position of the landslide in the mine could be obtained. The landslide was directed northeast. The mechanism of the edge slope of the working pit was identified as unloading shear failure, and the feasibility of the method of parameter inversion was verified. The internal friction angle ϕ and cohesion C of evolving weak strata in the slope of the open-pit mine were also obtained, where this compensated for the deficiency of laboratory tests and enabled the transformation from qualitative to quantitative analysis. This can provide a reliable basis for the safe operation of open-pit mines.
Opportunities and Challenges in Twisted Bilayer Graphene: A Review
Authors: Nimbalkar Amol , Kim Hyunmin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit enhanced physical, chemical, electronic, and optical properties when compared to those of bulk materials. Graphene demands significant attention due to its superior physical and electronic characteristics among different types of 2D materials. The bilayer graphene is fabricated by the stacking of the two monolayers of graphene. The twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) superlattice is formed when these layers are twisted at a small angle. The presence of disorders and interlayer interactions in tBLG enhances several characteristics, including the optical and electrical properties. The studies on twisted bilayer graphene have been exciting and challenging thus far, especially after superconductivity was reported in tBLG at the magic angle. This article reviews the current progress in the fabrication techniques of twisted bilayer graphene and its twisting angle-dependent properties.
The Influence of a Short-Term Mindfulness Meditation Intervention on Emotion and Visual Attention
Authors: Thompson Catherine , Quigley Eileen , Taylor Ashley 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt has been suggested that mindfulness meditation (MM) improves psychological well-being via the focusing and broadening of attention. Whilst studies show that short-term MM interventions can improve focused attention, there is little evidence to support the broadening of attention. The current study investigated the influence of a short-term MM intervention on emotion and the scope of visual attention. Seventy participants completed a global-local processing task separated into three blocks of trials, with a 10-min break between each one. During the breaks, a MM group engaged in a breath-counting task and a control group engaged in a task of their choosing. Response times to global and local targets and a measure of self-reported emotional affect were recorded for each block. Mindfulness had no impact on attention; however, both positive and negative affect decreased for the MM group across the course of the experiment. The results suggest that MM can reduce the focus on negative (and positive) thoughts, indicating possible changes to focused attention, yet a short-term intervention is not sufficient to broaden attention.
“PNR-Bleed” classification and Hemorrhoid Severity Score—a novel attempt at classifying the hemorrhoids
Authors: Khan Mudassir Ahmad , Chowdri Nisar A. , Parray Fazl Q. , Wani Rauf A. , Mehraj Asif , Baba Arshad , Laway Mushtaq 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHemorrhoids are the most common anorectal disorders with a prevalence of 39% in general population. Hemorrhoids are generally classified on the basis of their location and degree of prolapse. Goligher’s classification does not describe the number of hemorrhoidal columns involved and does not give much consideration to the amount of blood loss. To describe the hemorrhoidal disease more vividly, we devised the “PNR-Bleed” (or PNR-Booking) classification system. We tried to classify the hemorrhoids based on the four main characteristics of the hemorrhoidal disease i.e. the degree of hemorrhoidal Prolapse (P), Number (N) of the primary hemorrhoidal columns involved, Relation (R) of the hemorrhoidal tissue to dentate line and the amount of Bleeding (B) from it. All the four components in this classification system are graded into five grades ranging from 1 to 5. The peculiarity of this new classification system is that it allows more detailed documentation of the hemorrhoids in a particular patient and conveys more explicit meaning and information about the hemorrhoids for future references. Based on this ‘PNR-Bleed’ classification, we are introducing another concept of scoring the severity of hemorrhoids and referred it as the Hemorrhoid Severity Score (HSS). Hemorrhoid Severity Score (HSS) is the total score obtained by the sum of the numerical grades of all four characteristics of hemorrhoids in “PNR-Bleed” classification. This new “PNR-Bleed” system of classifying the hemorrhoids and calculation of HSS seems to be more comprehensive, detailed, more objective and easily reproducible.
Production Flux and Chemical Characteristics of Spray Aerosol Generated From Raindrop Impact on Seawater and Soil
Authors: Zhou Kaili , Wang Shurong , Lu Xiaohui , Chen Hong , Wang Lin , Chen Jianmin , Yang Xin , Wang Xiaofei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRaindrops impacting water or soil generate bubbles, which can burst and eject spray aerosols. However, aerosols resulting from raindrop impact are often overlooked in atmospheric aerosol studies, and their production flux and chemical characteristics have not been quantified. Here we measured the production rate, size distribution, and chemical composition of spray aerosols from laboratory simulations of raindrops impinging on seawater and soils. It was found that the number of spray aerosols produced from each raindrop impact on seawater grows exponentially with increasing raindrop diameter. The spray aerosol production flux was then calculated for a range of rain rates. The spray aerosol production rate from raindrop impact on soil was approximately one order of magnitude lower than that from impact on seawater, but the production rate was enhanced drastically when water ponded on the soil surface. The chemical compositions of the generated spray aerosols were characterized by a single particle mass spectrometer. Generally, spray aerosol from raindrop impact on seawater contained sodium, potassium, calcium, and other metals as well as some organic carbon. The spray aerosols from raindrop impact on soils contained metals and some organic carbon. These aerosol production flux and composition findings are critical to identification of raindrop impact produced aerosols and further investigation of their roles in the atmosphere.
Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities Based on In Situ Measurements From the Swarm Satellites
Authors: Jin Yaqi , Xiong Chao , Clausen Lasse , Spicher Andres , Kotova Daria , Brask Steffen , Kervalishvili Guram , Stolle Claudia , Miloch Wojciech 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, we present global climatological distributions of ionospheric plasma irregularities based on measurements by the Swarm satellites. These first global statistics obtained by direct, in situ measurements of plasma variations with Swarm confirm the presence of three main regions of strong ionospheric irregularities: the magnetic equator extending from postsunset to early morning, in the auroral ovals (from dayside cusp to nightside), and inside the polar caps. At equatorial latitudes, ionospheric irregularities form two bands of enhanced plasma fluctuations centered around ±10° magnetic latitude. Due to different plasma processes, ionospheric irregularities at high and low latitudes show different distributions. Though the averaged intensity of plasma irregularities is weaker at equatorial latitudes than at high latitudes, the occurrence rate of significant plasma fluctuations (corresponding to extreme events) is much higher at the equator than that at high latitudes. Equatorial irregularities display clear seasonal and longitudinal variations; that is, they are most prominent over South America during the December solstice and are located over Africa during the June solstice. The magnitude of ionospheric irregularities at all latitudes is strongly controlled by the solar activity. Ionospheric irregularities become significantly weaker after 2016 during the current declining phase of solar activity. The interplanetary magnetic field Bz modulates the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities at both high and low latitudes.