bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amisulpride has a superior benefit/risk profile to haloperidol in schizophrenia: results of a multicentre, double-blind study (the Amisulpride Study Group*
Authors: Carrière P. , Bonhomme D. , Lempérière T. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn a multicentre, double-blind, flexible-dose study, 199 patients with paranoid schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorders received haloperidol (10–30 mg/d) or amisulpride (400–1200 mg/d) for four months. More patients in the haloperidol group withdrew prematurely (44% vs 26%;P = 0.0077) due to a higher incidence of adverse events. Amisulpride was at least as effective as haloperidol in reducing the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) total score (–27.3 vs –21.9) (non-inferiority test;P < 0.001). The PANSS positive score improved to a similar extent in both groups whilst improvement in the PANSS negative score was significantly greater with amisulpride (–10.5 vs –7.2;P = 0.01). The percentage of responders on the Clinical Global Impression scale was also significantly greater with amisulpride (71% vs 47%;P < 0.001). Both the Quality of Life Scale (QLS) and the Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ) improved to a significantly greater extent under amisulpride. Haloperidol was associated with a greater incidence in extrapyramidal symptoms and with a greater increase in the Simpson-Angus score than was seen with amisulpride (0.32 vs 0.02;P < 0.001). In conclusion, amisulpride is globally superior to haloperidol in the treatment of acute exacerbations of schizophrenia and significantly improves patients’ quality of life and social adjustment.
On the conceptualisation of subaffective personality disorders
Authors: Herpertz S , Steinmeyer EM , Saß H 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe reconceptualisation of German traditional constructs of subaffective personality disorders (PDs) was stimulated by clinical and some empirical evidence of mild and enduring alterations of mood and drive in patients who never developed one of the full-blown mood disorders. The aim of the study was to clarify the status of historical concepts of subaffective PDs (as there are the depressive, hyperthymic, cyclothymic, and asthenic type) in relation to the modern Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-III-R conceptions of personality disorders and the five factor theory of personality. A consecutive psychiatric sample and a normal control sample were used to investigate these relationships. By means of a non-metric multi-dimensional scaling procedure, and facet theoretical interpretation, the depressive and asthenic PDs were demonstrated to correspond highly with the global construct of PD as well as with the personality factor neuroticism which proved to be elevated in most types of PDs within the clinical sample. The hyperthymic and cyclothymic categories displayed differences to most DSM-III-R constructs of PD in the clinical but not in the control sample. The findings may explain the chronic course of some depressive or somatization disorders that are difficult to influence by pharmacotherapy and that may require special treatment strategies.
Alterations in myocardial creatinine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme‐distribution in a model of left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Muders Frank , Neubauer Stefan , Luchner Andreas , Fredersdorf Sabine , Ickenstein Guntram , Riegger Günter A.J. , Horn Michael , Elsner Dietmar 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to evaluate myocardial creatinine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) systems in a model of epinephrine‐induced cardiomyopathy in rabbits. Eight rabbits received four repetitive epinephrine infusions (300 mg/kg/60 min, i.v.) in 12‐day intervals and eight untreated rabbits served as controls (CTRL). Echocardiography demonstrated a significant deterioration of LV function as well as increased LV‐diameter and ‐mass index in catecholamine‐induced cardiomyopathy. Histological examination revealed that repetitive catecholamine infusion resulted in LV fibrous areas with collagenous content and an increase in myocyte width (16.9 ± 0.8 μm vs. CTRL 12.9 ± 0.9; P < 0.05). LV dysfunction was associated with a decreased total LV lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH; 0.43 ± 0.03 IU/mg protein vs. CTRL 0.52 ± 0.04; P < 0.05) whereas total creatinine kinase activity was unchanged (CK; 7.30 ± 0.63 IU/mg protein vs. CTRL 9.20 ± 0.49, n.s.). Furthermore, myocardial LDH isoenzymes were shifted with a decrease in LDH1 and an increase in LDH2 and LDH3 (LDH1: 84.90 ± 2.60% vs. CTRL 94.50 ± 0.40; LDH2: 7.30 ± 1.20% vs. 1.50 ± 0.13; LDH3: 5.40 ± 0.90% vs. 3.20 ± 0.25; all P < 0.05). Foetal B‐CK isoenzymes were significantly increased (CK‐MB 5.30 ± 0.66 vs. 2.20 ± 0.35%; P < 0.05). The current study demonstrates changes in cardiac energy metabolism including an impaired LDH activity with a shift towards anaerobic isoenzymes as well as a more efficient CK system in a model of catecholamine‐induced LV dysfunction.
Aspirin does not influence the effect of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition on left ventricular ejection fraction 3 months after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Hurlen Mette , Hole Torstein , Seljeflot Ingebjørg , Arnesen Harald 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible interaction between chronic aspirin therapy and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE‐I) on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients surviving an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Forty‐two patients with reduced LVEF were recruited from the warfarin aspirin reinfarction study (WARIS‐II), a randomized, open study comparing enteric coated aspirin (160 mg/d), warfarin (INR 2.8–4.2) and the combination of aspirin (75 mg/d) and warfarin (INR 2.0–2.5) on mortality, reinfarction and stroke after AMI. LVEF and relevant biochemical measurements were performed before discharge and after 3 months. The overall LVEF increased during the study period from median 35 to 39% (P < 0.001). There was no difference between patients on aspirin and warfarin regarding the main end point, LVEF. Furthermore, neither endothelin‐1 nor ANP showed significant differences between the treatment groups. A possible interaction between ACE‐I and aspirin might theoretically lead to reduced levels of renin activity in patients on aspirin, but we did not find any such inter‐group difference. In conclusion, we did not find evidence of interaction between ACE‐I and low‐dose aspirin.
Malnutrition in patients suffering from chronic heart failure; the nurse's care
Authors: Anna Jacobsson , Pihl‐Lindgren Emma , Bengt Fridlund 
Published: July 2002

AbstractChronic heart failure is associated with a bad prognosis with considerably shortened survival and repeated hospitalisations. Patients suffering from heart failure also have symptoms that can affect their food intake, for example, tiredness when strained, breathing difficulties and gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, loss of appetite and ascites. Pharmacological therapy can lead to a loss of appetite, which will make the intake of food inadequate to fill the required energy and nutritional needs. The nurse's interest in and knowledge of diet issues can improve these patients' nutritional status. The aim of this literature review was to describe the nurse's interventions regarding malnutrition in patients suffering from chronic heart failure. The literature search gave 13 articles, which were analysed, and sentences whose content was related to the aim were identified. Three areas of content appeared; drug treatment and consequences, gastrointestinal effects, and information and education. The results show that the nutritional status of these patients can be significantly improved by means of simple nursing interventions. Future research should focus on controlled experimental studies to evaluate differences in body weight, body mass index and quality of life between patients suffering from chronic heart failure, who are taking part in a fully enriched nutrition intervention, and patients suffering from chronic heart failure, who are eating their normal diet.
Endoscopic Visualization of Contact Line Dynamics during Pool Boiling on Capillary‐Activated Copper Microchannels
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Zhu Gaohua , Kang Daniel , Fu Wuchen , Zhao Yongyi , Miljkovic Nenad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicrochannel surfaces are common to microfluidics, biofluidics, thermal management, and energy applications. Due to processing limitations for the majority of metallic materials, the majority of hyperfine microchannels used in microfluidics and thermo‐fluids are fabricated on non‐metallic substrates, for example, silicon and polydimethylsiloxane. Here, a technique to fabricate ultrasmall microchannels on arbitrary metallic materials is developed using photolithography in combination with electrochemical deposition. The technique is used to prepare copper microchannels and to investigate the pool boiling heat transfer performance with a focus on the three‐phase contact line dynamics. The hydrodynamics of nucleating bubbles during boiling are observed in situ using in‐liquid endoscopy. The results show that the variation of critical heat flux enhancement has a linear relationship with the contact line increase ratio. The scalable microchannel surfaces exhibit superior heat transfer performance with a maximum heat transfer coefficient) enhancement of 930% with ultra‐low wall superheat of 5 °C. This work not only develops a scalable manufacturing method to develop ultra‐small microchannels on metallic materials, it outlines design guidelines for structure optimization of pool boiling heat transfer for temperature sensitive applications, such as electronics thermal management.
Designing and Understanding the Superior Potassium Storage Performance of Nitrogen/Phosphorus Co‐Doped Hollow Porous Bowl‐Like Carbon Anodes
Authors: Chen Jiamin , Cheng Yong , Zhang Qiaobao , Luo Chong , Li Hong‐Yang , Wu Ying , Zhang Hehe , Wang Xiang , Liu Haodong , He Xin , Han Jiajia , Peng Dong‐Liang , Liu Meilin , Wang Ming‐Sheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries because of the advantage of abundant, low‐cost potassium resources. However, PIBs are facing a pivotal challenge to develop suitable electrode materials for efficient insertion/extraction of large‐radius potassium ions (K+). Here, a viable anode material composed of uniform, hollow porous bowl‐like hard carbon dual doped with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) (denoted as N/P‐HPCB) is developed for high‐performance PIBs. With prominent merits in structure, the as‐fabricated N/P‐HPCB electrode manifests extraordinary potassium storage performance in terms of high reversible capacity (458.3 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1), superior rate performance (213.6 mAh g−1 at 4 A g−1), and long‐term cyclability (205.2 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1). Density‐functional theory calculations reveal the merits of N/P dual doping in favor of facilitating the adsorption/diffusion of K+ and enhancing the electronic conductivity, guaranteeing improved capacity, and rate capability. Moreover, in situ transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with ex situ microscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirms the exceptional cycling stability originating from the excellent phase reversibility and robust structure integrity of N/P‐HPCB electrode during cycling. Overall, the findings shed light on the development of high‐performance, durable carbon anodes for advanced PIBs.
Establishing a Theoretical Landscape for Identifying Basal Plane Active 2D Metal Borides (MBenes) toward Nitrogen Electroreduction
Authors: Guo Xiangyu , Lin Shiru , Gu Jinxing , Zhang Shengli , Chen Zhongfang , Huang Shiping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo achieve efficient ammonia synthesis via electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), a qualified catalyst should have both high specific activity and large active surface area. However, integrating these two merits into one single material remains a big challenge due to the difficulty in balancing multiple reaction intermediates. Here, it is demonstrated that the boron‐analogues of MXenes, namely “MBenes”, could cope with the challenge and achieve the high activity and large reaction region simultaneously toward NRR. Using extensive density functional theory computations and taking 16 MBenes as representatives, it is identified that seven MBenes (CrB, MoB, WB, Mo2B, V3B4, CrMnB2, and CrFeB2) not only have intrinsic basal plane activity for NRR with limiting potentials ranging from −0.22 to −0.82 V, but also possess superior capability of suppressing the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. Particularly, different from the MXenes whose surface oxidation may block the active sites, once oxidized, these MBenes can catalyze NRR via the self‐activating process, reducing O*/OH* into H2O* under reaction conditions, and favoring the N2 electroreduction. As a result, the exceptional activity and selectivity, high active area (≈1019 m−2), and antioxidation nature render these MBenes as pH‐universal catalysts for NH3 production without introducing any dopants and defects.
Advanced Functional Electroactive and Photoactive Materials for Monitoring the Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Yan Kai , Karthick Kannan Padmanathan , Doonyapisut Dulyawat , Wu Kangbing , Chung Chan‐Hwa , Zhang Jingdong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFunctional materials with attractive electronic and photoelectronic properties show great promise in various fields. In recent decades, tremendous research efforts have been devoted to the design of photoactive and electroactive materials for qualitative and quantitative analysis of environmental pollutants. This review gives a concise overview on the fundamentals and recent research progress of functional material‐based electrochemical and photoelectrochemical technology for environmental pollutant monitoring. The rational design of functional photoactive and electroactive materials with promoted electrochemical properties and basic signaling strategies for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical sensors are presented. Based on these insights, very recent achievements for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical environmental pollutant sensors are summarized from the viewpoint of various functional materials. At last, critical challenges and future research perspectives in this field are proposed and discussed to provide a backdrop for future research.
Hydrogen‐Doping‐Induced Metal‐Like Ultrahigh Free‐Carrier Concentration in Metal‐Oxide Material for Giant and Tunable Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Zhu Qing , Jiang Shenlong , Ye Ke , Hu Wei , Zhang Jiachen , Niu Xiaoyou , Lin Yunxiang , Chen Shuangming , Song Li , Zhang Qun , Jiang Jun , Luo Yi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe practical utilization of plasmon‐based technology relies on the ability to find high‐performance plasmonic materials other than noble metals. A key scientific challenge is to significantly increase the intrinsically low concentration of free carriers in metal‐oxide materials. Here, a novel electron–proton co‐doping strategy is developed to achieve uniform hydrogen doping in metal‐oxide MoO3 at mild conditions, which creates a metal‐like ultrahigh free‐carrier concentration approaching that of noble metals (1021 cm−3 in H1.68MoO3 versus 1022 cm−3 in Au/Ag). This bestows giant and tunable plasmonic resonances in the visible region to this originally semiconductive material. Using ultrafast spectroscopy characterizations and first‐principle simulations, the formation of a quasi‐metallic energy band structure that leads to long‐lived and strong plasmonic field is revealed. As verified by the surface‐enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) of rhodamine 6G molecules on HxMoO3, the SERS enhancement factor reaches as high as 1.1 × 107 with a detection limit at concentration as low as 1 × 10−9 mol L−1, representing the best among the hitherto reported non‐metal systems. The findings not only provide a set of metal‐like semiconductor materials with merits of low cost, tunable electronic structure, and plasmonic resonance, but also a general strategy to induce tunable ultrahigh free‐carrier concentration in non‐metal systems.
A Surface Se‐Substituted LiCo[O2−δSeδ] Cathode with Ultrastable High‐Voltage Cycling in Pouch Full‐Cells
Authors: Zhu Zhi , Wang Hua , Li Yao , Gao Rui , Xiao Xianghui , Yu Qipeng , Wang Chao , Waluyo Iradwikanari , Ding Jiaxin , Hunt Adrian , Li Ju 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCycling LiCoO2 to above 4.5 V for higher capacity is enticing; however, hybrid O anion‐ and Co cation‐redox (HACR) at high voltages facilitates intrinsic Oα− (α < 2) migration, causing oxygen loss, phase collapse, and electrolyte decomposition that severely degrade the battery cyclability. Hereby, commercial LiCoO2 particles are operando treated with selenium, a well‐known anti‐aging element to capture oxygen‐radicals in the human body, showing an “anti‐aging” effect in high‐voltage battery cycling and successfully stopping the escape of oxygen from LiCoO2 even when the cathode is cycled to 4.62 V. Ab initio calculation and soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy analysis suggest that during deep charging, the precoated Se will initially substitute some mobile Oα− at the charged LiCoO2 surface, transplanting the pumped charges from Oα− and reducing it back to O2− to stabilize the oxygen lattice in prolonged cycling. As a result, the material retains 80% and 77% of its capacity after 450 and 550 cycles under 100 mA g−1 in 4.57 V pouch full‐cells matched with a graphite anode and an ultralean electrolyte (2 g Ah−1).
Tissue‐Adaptive Materials with Independently Regulated Modulus and Transition Temperature
Authors: Zhang Daixuan , Dashtimoghadam Erfan , Fahimipour Farahnaz , Hu Xiaobo , Li Qiaoxi , Bersenev Egor A. , Ivanov Dimitri A. , Vatankhah‐Varnoosfaderani Mohammad , Sheiko Sergei S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ability of living species to transition between rigid and flexible shapes represents one of their survival mechanisms, which has been adopted by various human technologies. Such transition is especially desired in medical devices as rigidity facilitates the implantation process, while flexibility and softness favor biocompatibility with surrounding tissue. Traditional thermoplastics cannot match soft tissue mechanics, while gels leach into the body and alter their properties over time. Here, a single‐component system with an unprecedented drop of Young's modulus by up to six orders of magnitude from the GPa to kPa level at a controlled temperature within 28–43 °C is demonstrated. This approach is based on brush‐like polymer networks with crystallizable side chains, e.g., poly(valerolactone), affording independent control of melting temperature and Young's modulus by concurrently altering side chain length and crosslink density. Softening down to the tissue level at the physiological temperature allows the design of tissue‐adaptive implants that can be inserted as rigid devices followed by matching the surrounding tissue mechanics at body temperature. This transition also enables thermally triggered release of embedded drugs for anti‐inflammatory treatment.
Blood‐Derived Biomaterial for Catheter‐Directed Arterial Embolization
Authors: Altun Izzet , Hu Jingjie , Albadawi Hassan , Zhang Zefu , Salomao Marcela A. , Mayer Joseph L. , Jamal Leila , Oklu Rahmi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVascular embolization is a life‐saving minimally invasive catheter‐based procedure performed to treat bleeding vessels. Through these catheters, numerous metallic coils are often pushed into the bleeding artery to stop the blood flow. While there are numerous drawbacks to coil embolization, physician expertise, availability of these coils, and their costs further limit their use. Here, a novel blood‐derived embolic material (BEM) with regenerative properties, that can achieve instant and durable intra‐arterial hemostasis regardless of coagulopathy, is developed. In a large animal model of vascular embolization, it is shown that the BEM can be prepared at the point‐of‐care within 26 min using fresh blood, it can be easily delivered using clinical catheters to embolize renal and iliac arteries, and it can achieve rapid hemostasis in acutely injured vessels. In swine arteries, the BEM increases cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and connective tissue deposition, suggesting vessel healing and durable vessel occlusion. The BEM has significant advantages over embolic materials used today, making it a promising new tool for embolization.
Superabsorbent Fabric Based on Weft‐Back Weave Structure for Efficient Evaporative Cooling
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Javed Muhammad , Guo Yang , Luo Ming , Cai Zaisheng , Xu Bi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFabrics with efficient evaporative cooling performance not only improve personal thermal comfort but also show essential significance in energy‐saving. This study reports an integrated cooling fabric based on the weft‐back weave structure. By adjusting the type of warp and weft yarns, water absorbency and wettability of the fabric can be altered to achieve the regulation of the fabric's performance. The prepared single‐sided superabsorbent cooling fabric (S‐SAF) shows a water absorbency of 370% and a water retention time of 90 min. S‐SAF can efficiently reduce the indoor temperature of a simulated building by about 6 °C under the radiation of 200 W m−2, and the cooling time is extended up to 150 min. Meanwhile, S‐SAF shows excellent evaporative cooling for the human body and exhibits good recyclability. Therefore, the prepared cooling fabric achieves thermal comfort under a hot and dry environment and has broad application prospects in person and building cooling.
Photoluminescence Excitation Spectroscopy of Defect‐Related States in MAPbI3 Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Murzin Aleksei O. , Selivanov Nikita I. , Kozlov Vadim O. , Ryzhov Ivan I. , Miyasaka Tsutomu , Emeline Alexei V. , Kapitonov Yury V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe MAPbI3 halide perovskite single crystals are studied at 5 K temperature using the photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. Two noninteracting types of states are determined: bound excitons and defect‐related states. Excitation of the crystal with light energy below the bound exciton resonance reveals the complex low‐density defect emission, otherwise hidden by the emission of bound excitons. A way to separate these defect‐related luminescence spectra is proposed, and the thorough study of this emission regime is carried out. The results of this study open an area of low‐density defect and dopant exploration in halide perovskite semiconductors.
Focus‐Tunable Planar Lenses by Controlled Carriers over Exciton
Authors: Park Sehong , Park Chaebin , Hwang Yun Ji , Kang Jeongseob , Lee Gilho , Seo Youngho , Chun Young Tea , Rho Junsuk , Kim Jong Min , Hone James , Jun Seong Chan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile recent studies on nanoscale diffractive lenses demonstrate their potential as possible candidates for thin‐film display applications, their narrow focal ranges limit their application. Graphene, however, may realize focal controllability for its unique optoelectric property; due to its unique band structure among 2D materials, its carriers can be controlled by adjusting the Fermi level. Furthermore, due to the bandgap property of graphene, the intraband excitation of carriers is dominant over the interband excitation of carriers, which results in enhanced photonic transmission and reduced absorbance. Utilizing this property, graphene‐based ultrathin focusing device is fabricated that alters its optical characteristics when direct‐current voltage is applied producing vertical fringe‐specific electric field. The proposed device demonstrates 8.6% change in focal length and 48.85% focusing efficiency at wavelength of 405 nm. Overall, this study on electrically tunable ultrathin microlens introduces potential for holographic displays and expands the research scope in future display technologies.