bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CPEC: a route for outflow of illegal wealth from Pakistan
Authors: Khan Wahaj Ahmed , Jawaid Syed Tehseen , Siddiqui Danish Ahmed 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This study examines the new venue of moving illegal wealth from Pakistan under the umbrella of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The study first discussed the features of CPEC in short and how it may bring stability and a new phase of development in the region and also in Pakistan. The review of related literature has suggested that previous studies are more focused on the advantages of CPEC and are almost neglecting the cons of the said project. Later, the research puts light on the problem of money laundering from Pakistan through CPEC and related trade transactions; Walker’s Gravity model has been used to calculate the attractiveness of money laundering. It has highlighted that China’s attractiveness for moving illegal wealth from Pakistan is increased in recent years; the risk of an increase in the amount of money laundered is also analyzed through the Fan Chart technique. Attributes which are making China more attractive for Pakistani wrongdoers are also discussed. The study aims to conclude that if the problem of money laundering will be addressed properly, the CPEC will play a vital role in bringing stability in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a descriptive and quantitative approach. This study uses the Walker’s Gravity Model updated by Unger et al. (2006) to measure money laundering in Pakistan. A newly developed technique for forecasting that is Fan Chart has been used to predict the trend of China’s attractiveness for money laundering as a preferred destination from Pakistan.

Findings
The study finds out that China is already increasing its ranking as a favorite destination for money laundering from Pakistan. Fan Chart analysis suggests that the attractiveness score will be increased.

Practical implications
The study helps in highlighting the problem of increase in money laundering from Pakistan through China under the umbrella of CPEC.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no study found on the topic of the problem of money laundering linked with CPEC, and this is the first effort to point out the problem.
De-risking or recontracting – the risk dilemma of EU money laundering regulation
Authors: Rose Kalle Johannes 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Recent research and market effects within the European Union (EU) show a rising concern toward the de-risking of certain sectors/actors owing to the increased anti-money laundering regulation. Because of the enhanced due diligence and monitoring costs related to anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing regulation by the AMLD4 and AMLD5, several financial institutions now turn to de-risking their corporate client base to minimize not only costs from monitoring and onboarding but also the risks of sanctions and reputation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the incentives behind de-risking and the relevant solution models to the de-risking “crisis.” Overall, to find, to what extend de-risking is efficient and when it is not and how to mitigate the concept.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper applies a functional approach to law and economics with the aim of reaching a higher level of efficiency in combatting money laundering through analyzing present regulatory and economic conditions.

Findings
It is found that de-risking within the EU opposes the aim of the present regulatory scheme regarding anti-money laundering. The paper finds that it is needed to divide the analysis of de-risking to a national and regional/union level. In addition, this paper establishes that the present strategy of de-risking at national level eventually will result in enhanced regulation to fulfill the aim of the present regulatory framework, which is why a proactive approach by recontracting the client base is recommended. At a regional level, it is found that de-risking is valid, why a solution needs to come from the EU enhancing control, monitoring and sanctions to establish trust and the possibility for financial inclusion.

Originality/value
Most of the recent research within the field highlights the problem of de-risking and therefore presents a range of initiatives to regulators and financial institutions at a global level. This paper solely focuses on the EU and shows that the de-risking dilemma demands financial institutions to take a proactive approach to contracting if unnecessary regulation is to be hindered. Furthermore, this paper shows that the concept of de-risking cannot be analyzed nor mitigated as one singular concept, but it needs to be addressed according to different levels of activity and geography.
Transforming technology-mediated health-care services through strategic sense-giving
Authors: Daskalopoulou Athanasia , Go Jefferies Josephine , Skandalis Alexandros 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Service research has previously documented service providers’ role in addressing the barriers of technology mediation, mostly at the service delivery level. The purpose of this study is to enhance our understanding about the role of service providers who hold strategic and operational roles, as well as investigate the impact of coordinated, organization-wide initiatives in dealing with the demands and associated emotional ambivalence of technology-mediated services.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative study draws from a series of in-depth interviews with health-care service providers who hold strategic and operational roles in health-care organizations along with participant observation to develop an understanding of the broader organizational context of telehealth services.

Findings
This paper outlines the strategic sense-giving process and highlights how health-care service providers who hold strategic and operational roles enact the sense-giver role. This study illustrates that strategic sense-giving involves the recognition of sense-making gaps; identification of sense-giving opportunities; and provision of templates of action.

Originality/value
This study illustrates that sense-giving can be performed by a number of organizational members in a more formalized way which extends informal sense-giving efforts at the peer-to-peer level. The importance of strategic sense-giving in providing templates of action for service providers and consumers is highlighted. This study also shows how strategic sense-giving safeguards against confusion and errors by communicating appropriate ways of using technology. Finally, the role of strategic sense-giving in helping service providers and consumers cope with the emotional ambivalence of technology-mediated service interactions are demonstarted.
Analyzing the performance of health technologies distribution models in primary care services
Authors: Garagiola Elisabetta , Creazza Alessandro , Porazzi Emanuele 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Due to the evolution of the health-care scenario and the growing role of the primary care setting, the distribution processes of health technologies will be more and more in demand in the near future. This paper aims to investigate this theme, analyzing the performance, strengths and weaknesses of the current distribution practices, with the ultimate overarching aim to improve the provision of the primary care services.

Design/methodology/approach
The research framework is twofold. First, a tool to monitor the economic/quantitative performance of the distribution models was designed; second, the tool was applied to measure the performance of distribution models of absorbent devices for incontinence adopted by Local Health Authorities (LHA) in Lombardy Region (Italy). Quantitative data were collected by LHAs (from 2012 to 2016) and compared through data-benchmarking. Qualitative data from interviews and focus groups complemented the outcomes.

Findings
Two main distribution models were investigated: distribution through pharmacies and home delivery. Results show that there is no winning/preferable model in terms of economic/quantitative performance and service quality level, but a counterbalanced combination of strengths and weaknesses exists. Moving from the highlighted weaknesses and building on the strengths, an alternate distribution model is proposed for testing.

Originality/value
The present study approaches the theme of primary care services with a holistic approach, filling a literature gap. It also provides practitioners with a tool of performance analysis and management and real data, applicable also in international contexts. The collected real-world data also gives insights on the area of the quality of care, with particular reference to the patients’ experience. As a lesson learned, policymakers and the National Healthcare Service should re-think their current distribution models/practices in the light of the highlighted criticisms and opportunities for improvement.
Brand loyalty among low-income consumers?
Authors: Costa Filho Murilo Carrazedo , Falcao Roberto P.Q. , Motta Paulo Cesar de Mendonça 
Published: October 2020

PurposeLow-income consumers (LICs) have gained more attention from marketers after Prahalad and Hart (2004) called attention to untapped opportunities among the world’s poorest. Once neglected and seen as price-driven, more recent research has depicted LICs as brand-conscious consumers who are willing to pay a premium for quality. However, because LICs must balance their tight budgets with aspirations for branded items, this perspective may be too optimistic. To address this issue, the purpose of this paper is to investigate brand consideration and loyalty among LICs across a wide range of products.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a qualitative-inductive approach to assess LICs’ brand considerations across ten fast-moving consumer goods. In-depth interviews with 20 Brazilian LICs were conducted.FindingsThe authors found that brand loyalty among LICs is both context- and category-dependent. Patterns of loyalty are influenced by five factors: perceived differentiation, perceived risk, contextual usage, proportion of the category expenditure to household income and hedonic vs functional consumption. It seems that the interplay of these factors ultimately shapes differently the attitudes and repeated patronage of brands within each category among LICs.Research limitations/implicationsGeneralizability of findings is limited owing to the qualitative method used.Practical implicationsThe authors provide practical insights to managers concerning key attributes that influence brand consideration and loyalty among LICs.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the yet limited knowledge on LICs and provides a deeper and more holistic understanding of the relation of LICs with brands.
Soft adventure motivation: an exploratory study of hiking tourism
Authors: Bichler Bernhard Fabian , Peters Mike 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Adventure activities have become the core products of many tourism destinations. Hiking, which is known to be a soft adventure activity, represents an especially important product for many tourism destinations around the globe and in the European Alps. However, little research has explored hikers’ underlying motivation and experiences, which are expected to differ from the hard adventure context, as mountain hiking provides a low risk, but high immersion. This paper aims to determine and explore the underlying dimensions and dynamics of mountain hikers’ soft adventure motivation (SAM).

Design/methodology/approach
A concurrent mixed-method design that builds on a quantitative survey (N = 379) and qualitative interviews (N = 14) was used to explore SAM factors. This study combined exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis with semi-structured interviews and template analysis.

Findings
The quantitative results provide six SAM factors and emphasize that “relaxation,” “socializing” and “discovery” contribute to hiking satisfaction, while “recognition” has adverse effects. By triangulating these findings with hikers’ experiences, this study underlines the associated recreational meaning of hiking and provides an in-depth qualitative discussion of SAM factors and the subordinate role of “recognition.”

Originality/value
The contribution of this paper is a refined understanding of SAM in the hiking context by emphasizing the recreational meaning of mountain hiking. As a result, this study adds an important missing link to previous outdoor tourism and leisure studies by showing the special composition and dynamics of SAM. The findings also support the creation of tailor-made touristic products.
Quantification of airfield pavement condition using soft-computing technique
Authors: Vyas Vidhi , Singh Ajit Pratap , Srivastava Anshuman 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is the development of an objective approach to prioritize and rank airfield pavement sections based on their condition and justify their funding requirements using a soft-computing technique.Design/methodology/approachThe airfield pavement condition is evaluated by collecting data through field tests and visual surveys. The performance indicators are selected as deflection, structural index, subgrade modulus and pavement condition index, by taking the help of field experts. The condition of pavement sections is analyzed by obtaining scores for each sections using Buckley’s fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The sections are finally ranked for performing their maintenance and repair activities.FindingsThe condition of pavements is represented using a single score that takes an account of cumulative impact of various parameters as well as any subjectivity associated with human perceptions.Practical implicationsThe developed methodology is very useful for its practical implications, and it is explained using a case study of an international airport.Originality/valueDecision-making for maintenance and repair practices is often based on subjective decisions and lacks a robust and judicious approach. Thus, obtaining sufficient budget for repair and maintenance becomes one of the primary challenges. This study adds a value to prevailing practices by developing an objective decision-making methodology. Additionally, the use of non-destructive testing techniques, which pose little or no necessity to destructive coring and boring, eases this task.
Optimized experimental design for seismic full waveform inversion: A computationally efficient method including a flexible implementation of acquisition costs
Authors: Krampe Valérie , Edme Pascal , Maurer Hansruedi 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTOptimized experimental design aims at reducing the cost of a seismic survey by identifying the optimal locations and amounts of sources and receivers. While the acquisition design in the context of seismic imaging applies criteria like fold, offset and spatial sampling, different attributes such as the sensitivity kernels are more relevant for seismic full waveform inversion. An ideal measure to quantify the goodness of an acquisition design relies on the eigenvalue spectrum of the approximate Hessian matrix, but this technique is computationally too expensive for practical use. A more affordable goodness measure has been proposed in the past, but we demonstrate that this measure is inappropriate for target‐oriented optimized experimental design. To address those issues, we derived a sequential receiver‐based procedure using a goodness measure based on the determinant of the approximate Hessian matrix. We show with numerical tests that it efficiently provides an optimized design for target‐oriented as well as for extensive full waveform inversion. This design allows a better reconstruction of the subsurface than an evenly spaced acquisition geometry. Furthermore, the optimization algorithm itself can easily be parallelized, therefore making it attractive for applications to large‐scale three‐dimensional surveys. In addition, our algorithm is able to incorporate variable costs, representing any kind of acquisition‐related costs, for every individual source location. The combined optimization with respect to the information content of sources and to the true cost will allow a more comprehensive and realistic survey planning and has a high potential for further applications.
Dependence of borehole shear‐horizontal‐wave seismoelectric response on soil textures
Authors: Wang Weihao , Cui Zhiwen , Liu Jinxia , Kundu Tribikram 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe phenomenon of acoustic waves inducing electric fields in porous media is called the seismoelectric effect. Earlier investigators proposed the usage of seismoelectric effect for well logging. Soil texture has a strong influence on the coupled wave fields during shallow surface explorations. In this article, we study the borehole pure shear‐horizontal wave and the coupling transverse‐electric field (acoustic–electrical coupling wave fields) in the partially saturated soil. Combined with related theories, we expand the formation parameters to partially saturated forms and discuss the influence of soil texture conditions on the seismoelectric wave fields. The results show that the elastic and electrical properties of porous media are sensitive to water saturation. The compositions of the acoustic and electric fields for different soil textures do not change, but the waveforms differ. We also use the secant integral method to simulate the interface‐converted electromagnetic waves. The results show that interface response strength is greatly influenced by soil texture. In addition, considering the sensitivity of the inducing electric field to fluid salinity, we also simulate the time‐domain waveforms of electric field for different pore fluid salinity levels. The results show that as the salinity increases, the electric field amplitude decreases monotonically. The above conclusions have certain significance for the application of borehole shear wave and its coupled electric fields for resource exploration, saturation assessment and groundwater pollution monitoring.
Environmental filtering both indirectly and directly drives the Dry Tropical Forest species composition and functional composition
Authors: Gianasi Fernanda Moreira , de Souza Cléber Rodrigo , Fagundes Nathalle Cristine Alencar , Maia Vinícius Andrade , Morel Jean Daniel , Ferreira Santos Paola , dos Santos Rubens Manoel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSoil is a relevant driver of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic composition at local scales. However, the mechanisms by which the soil act in these components or how these components interact with each other are not elucidated. Herein, we propose to understand the role of soil (environmental filtering) on the turnover of taxonomic and phylogenetic components and their role in determining the functional composition of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest (SDTF) communities. We sampled all the arboreal individuals with Diameter at Breast Height equal to or higher than 3 cm and collected soil variables of 25 units from five SDTF fragments located in the Brazilian Caatinga Domain. These data enabled us to obtain the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic composition of each plot, which were then analyzed by Structural Equation Models jointly with the soil variables. Our results suggest that the soil conditions select specific phylogenetic lineages from a regional species pool according to the adaptive potential, which affects the distribution and abundance of species (taxonomic composition). However, it was not possible to establish a direct relationship between the phylogenetic composition and the taxonomic composition, possibly due to the use of labile functional traits in the analysis. We also found that soil acts directly on the functional composition, leading to a differential success of individuals which would represent a direct and indirect effect of taxonomic composition on the functional composition. Thus, we found community aspects result from different ecological mechanisms which act in a continuous and progressive way between functional, phylogenetic and taxonomic composition.
Low‐dose alcohol: Interoceptive and molecular effects and the role of dentate gyrus in rats
Authors: Randall Patrick A. , Lovelock Dennis F. , VanVoorhies Kalynn , Agan Verda E. , Kash Thomas L. , Besheer Joyce 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlcohol abuse and dependence are world‐wide health problems. Most research on alcohol use focuses on the consequences of moderate to high levels of alcohol. However, even at low concentrations, alcohol is capable of producing effects in the brain that can ultimately affect behavior. The current studies seek to understand the effects of low‐dose alcohol (blood alcohol levels of ≤10mM). To do so, these experiments utilize a combination of behavioral and molecular techniques to (1) assess the ability of the interoceptive effects of a low dose of alcohol to gain control over goal‐tracking behavior in a Pavlovian discrimination task, (2) determine brain regional differences in cellular activity via expression of immediate early genes (IEGs), and (3) assess the role of the dentate gyrus in modulating sensitivity to the interoceptive effects of a low dose of alcohol. Here, we show that intragastric administration of a dose of 0.8 g/kg alcohol produces blood alcohol levels ≤10mM in both male and female Long‐Evans rats and can readily be trained as a Pavlovian interoceptive drug cue. In rats trained on this procedure, this dose of alcohol also modulates expression of the IEGs c‐Fos and Arc in brain regions known to modulate expression of alcohol interoceptive effects. Finally, pharmacological inactivation of the dentate gyrus with GABA agonists baclofen and muscimol disrupted the ability of a low dose of alcohol to serve as an interoceptive cue. Together, these findings demonstrate behavioral and molecular consequences of low‐dose alcohol.
Discovering lethal alleles across the turkey genome using a transmission ratio distortion approach
Authors: Abdalla E. A. , Id‐Lahoucine S. , Cánovas A. , Casellas J. , Schenkel F. S. , Wood B. J. , Baes C. F. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryDeviation from Mendelian inheritance expectations (transmission ratio distortion, TRD) has been observed in several species, including the mouse and humans. In this study, TRD was characterized in the turkey genome using both allelic (specific‐ and unspecific‐parent TRD) and genotypic (additive‐ and dominance‐TRD) parameterizations within a Bayesian framework. In this study, we evaluated TRD for 23 243 genotyped Turkeys across 56 393 autosomal SNPs. The analyses included 500 sires, 2013 dams and 11 047 offspring (trios). Three different haplotype sliding windows of 4, 10 and 20 SNPs were used across the autosomal chromosomes. Based on the genotypic parameterizations, 14 haplotypes showed additive and dominance TRD effects highlighting regions with a recessive TRD pattern. In contrast, the allelic model uncovered 12 haplotype alleles with the allelic TRD pattern which showed an underrepresentation of heterozygous offspring in addition to the absence of homozygous animals. For regions with the allelic pattern, only one particular region showed a parent‐specific TRD where the penetrance was high via the dam, but low via the sire. The gene set analysis uncovered several gene ontology functional terms, Reactome pathways and several Medical Subject Headings that showed significant enrichment of genes associated with TRD. Many of these gene ontology functional terms (e.g. mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint, DRM complex and Aneuploidy), Reactome pathways (e.g. Mismatch repair) and Medical Subject Headings (e.g. Adenosine monophosphate) are known to be related to fertility, embryo development and lethality. The results of this study revealed potential novel candidate lethal haplotypes, functional terms and pathways that may enhance breeding programs in Turkeys through reducing mortality and improving reproduction rate.