bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De novo necroptosis creates an inflammatory environment mediating tumor susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Workenhe Samuel T. , Nguyen Andrew , Bakhshinyan David , Wei Jiarun , Hare David N. , MacNeill Kelly L. , Wan Yonghong , Oberst Andrew , Bramson Jonathan L. , Nasir Jalees A. , Vito Alyssa , El-Sayes Nader , Singh Sheila K. , McArthur Andrew G. , Mossman Karen L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCancer immunotherapies using monoclonal antibodies to block inhibitory checkpoints are showing durable remissions in many types of cancer patients, although the majority of breast cancer patients acquire little benefit. Human melanoma and lung cancer patient studies suggest that immune checkpoint inhibitors are often potent in patients that already have intratumoral T cell infiltrate; although it remains unknown what types of interventions can result in an intratumoral T cell infiltrate in breast cancer. Using non-T cell-inflamed mammary tumors, we assessed what biological processes and downstream inflammation can overcome the barriers to spontaneous T cell priming. Here we show a specific type of combination therapy, consisting of oncolytic virus and chemotherapy, activates necroptosis and limits tumor growth in autochthonous tumors. Combination therapy activates proinflammatory cytokines; intratumoral influx of myeloid cells and cytotoxic T cell infiltrate in locally treated and distant autochthonous tumors to render them susceptible to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Hydrolysis of doped conducting polymers
Authors: Sethumadhavan Vithyasaahar , Zuber Kamil , Bassell Christopher , Teasdale Peter R. , Evans Drew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConducting polymers display a range of interesting properties, from electrical conduction to tunable optical absorption and mechanical flexibility, to name but a few. Their properties arise from positive charges (carbocations) on their conjugated backbone that are stabilised by counterions doped in the polymer matrix. In this research we report hydrolysis of these carbocations when poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene) is exposed to 1 mM aqueous salt solutions. Remarkably, two classes of anion interactions are revealed; anions that oxidise PEDOT via a doping process, and those that facilitate the SN1 hydrolysis of the carbocation to create hydroxylated PEDOT. A pKa of 6.4 for the conjugate acid of the anion approximately marks the transition between chemical oxidation and hydrolysis. PEDOT can be cycled between hydrolysis and oxidation by alternating exposure to different salt solutions. This has ramifications for using doped conducting polymers in aqueous environments (such as sensing, energy storage and biomedical devices).
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide promotes electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Gao Yugan , Wu Chengqi , Yang Sen , Tan Yiwei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction is an essential factor in many renewable energy technologies, such as water splitting, fuel cells, and metal–air batteries. Here we show a unique solution to improve the oxygen evolution reaction rate by adjusting the electrolyte composition via the introduction of hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide into an alkaline electrolyte. The strong adsorption of hexadecyltrimethylammonium cations on the surface of electrocatalysts provides the increased absolute number of OH− ions near the electrocatalyst surface, which effectively promotes the oxygen evolution reaction performance of electrocatalysts, such as Fe1−yNiyS2@Fe1−xNixOOH microplatelets and SrBaNi2Fe12O22 powders. Meanwhile, we present an electrochemical conditioning approach to engineering the electrochemically active surface area of electrocatalysts, by which the resultant Fe1−yNiyS2@Fe1−xNixOOH microplatelets have a larger electrochemically active surface area after the electrochemical conditioning of the as-synthesized Fe1−yNiyS2 microplatelets using ammonia borane than those obtained after the conventional electrochemical conditioning without ammonia borane, presumably due to the appropriate conversion rate of Fe1−xNixOOH shells.
Topological Josephson heat engine
Authors: Scharf Benedikt , Braggio Alessandro , Strambini Elia , Giazotto Francesco , Hankiewicz Ewelina M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTopological superconductors represent a fruitful playing ground for fundamental research as well as for potential applications in fault-tolerant quantum computing. Especially Josephson junctions based on topological superconductors remain intensely studied, both theoretically and experimentally. The characteristic property of these junctions is their 4π-periodic ground-state fermion parity in the superconducting phase difference. Using such topological Josephson junctions, we introduce the concept of a topological Josephson heat engine. We discuss how this engine can be implemented as a Josephson–Stirling cycle in topological superconductors, thereby illustrating the potential of the intriguing and fruitful marriage between topology and coherent thermodynamics. It is shown that the Josephson–Stirling cycle constitutes a highly versatile thermodynamic machine with different modes of operation controlled by the cycle temperatures. Finally, the thermodynamic cycle reflects the hallmark 4π-periodicity of topological Josephson junctions and could therefore be envisioned as a complementary approach to test topological superconductivity.
Cooperative origin of proton pair diffusivity in yttrium substituted barium zirconate
Authors: Du Peng , Chen Qianli , Fan Zhijun , Pan Huizhu , Haibach Frederick G. , Gomez Maria A. , Braun Artur 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProton conduction is an important property for fuel cell electrolytes. The search for molecular details on proton transport is an ongoing quest. Here, we show that in hydrated yttrium doped barium zirconate using X-ray and neutron diffraction that protons tend to localize near the dopant yttrium as a conjugated superstructure. The proton jump time measured using quasi-elastic neutron scattering follows the Holstein-Samgin polaron model, revealing that proton hopping is weakly coupled to the high-frequency O-H stretching motion, but strongly coupled to low-frequency lattice phonons. The ratio of the proton polaron effective mass, m*, and the proton mass is m*/m = 2, when coupled to the Zr-O stretching mode, giving experimental evidence of proton pairing in perovskites, as a result of proton-phonon coupling. Possible pathways of a proton pair are provided through Nudge Elastic Band calculations. The pairing of protons, when jumping, is discussed in context of a cooperative protonic charge transport process.
Rapid conversion of isoprene photooxidation products in terrestrial plants
Authors: Canaval Eva , Millet Dylan B. , Zimmer Ina , Nosenko Tetyana , Georgii Elisabeth , Partoll Eva Maria , Fischer Lukas , Alwe Hariprasad D. , Kulmala Markku , Karl Thomas , Schnitzler Jörg-Peter , Hansel Armin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIsoprene is emitted from the biosphere into the atmosphere, and may strengthen the defense mechanisms of plants against oxidative and thermal stress. Once in the atmosphere, isoprene is rapidly oxidized, either to isoprene-hydroxy-hydroperoxides (ISOPOOH) at low levels of nitrogen oxides, or to methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein at high levels. Here we combine uptake rates and deposition velocities that we obtained in laboratory experiments with observations in natural forests to show that 1,2-ISOPOOH deposits rapidly into poplar leaves. There, it is converted first to cytotoxic MVK and then most probably through alkenal/one oxidoreductase (AOR) to less toxic methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). This detoxification process is potentially significant globally because AOR enzymes are ubiquitous in terrestrial plants. Our simulations with a global chemistry-transport model suggest that around 6.5 Tg yr−1 of MEK are re-emitted to the atmosphere. This is the single largest MEK source presently known, and recycles 1.5% of the original isoprene flux. Eddy covariance flux measurements of isoprene and MEK over different forest ecosystems confirm that MEK emissions can reach 1–2% those of isoprene. We suggest that detoxification processes in plants are one of the most important sources of oxidized volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere.
microRNA-1298 inhibits the malignant behaviors of breast cancer cells via targeting ADAM9
Authors: Chen Weili , Lu Qing , Li Siyu , Zhang Xinyue , Xue Xiaohong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the progression of human malignancy by targeting oncogenes or tumor suppressors, which are 12 promising targets for cancer treatment. Increasing evidence has suggested the aberrant expression and tumor-suppressive function of miR-1298 in cancers, however, the regulatory mechanism of miR-1298 in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. Here, our findings showed that miR-1298 was down-regulated in BC tissues and cell lines. Lower level of miR-1298 was significantly correlated with the advanced progression of BC patients. Experimental study showed that overexpression of miR-1298 inhibited the proliferation, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in BC cells. The in vivo xenograft mice model showed that highly expressed miR-1298 significantly reduced the tumor growth and metastasis. Further mechanism analysis revealed that miR-1298 bound the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9 domain (ADAM9) and suppressed the expression of ADAM9 in BC cells. ADAM9 was overexpressed in BC tissues and inversely correlated with miR-1298. Down-regulation of ADAM9 induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of BC cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of ADAM9 by transiently transfecting with vector encoding the full coding sequence of ADAM9 attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR-1298 on the proliferation and cell cycle progression of BC cells. Collectively, our results illustrated that miR-1298 played a suppressive role in regulating the phenotype of BC cells through directly repressing ADAM9, suggesting the potential application of miR-1298 in the therapy of BC.
Down-regulating NEAT1 inhibited the viability and vasculogenic mimicry formation of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma cells via miR-195-5p/VEGFA axis
Authors: Lu Honglue , Kang Fei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The role of long non-coding RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (lncRNA NEAT1) in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) remained obscure. Target genes and potential binding sites of NEAT1, microRNA (miR)-195-5p and VEGFA were predicted using StarBase and TargetScan, and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expressions of NEAT1, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and miR-195-5p. Pearson’s correlation analysis of NEAT1, miR-195-5p and VEGFA was conducted. Cell viability, apoptosis and tube formation capability were assessed by MTT assay, flow cytometry and capillary-like tube formation assay, respectively. Expressions of VEGFA and proteins related to the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway were measured by Western blot. In SNSCC tissues and cells, the expressions of NEAT1 and VEGFA were up-regulated while the expression of miR-195-5p was down-regulated, and NEAT1 was negatively correlated with miR-195-5p yet positively correlated with VEGFA. Overexpressed VEGFA promoted the viability and capillary-like tube formation of SNSCC cells yet suppressed their apoptosis, while silencing VEGFA led to the opposite results. MiR-195-5p could bind to NEAT1, and down-regulating miR-195-5p reversed the effects of silencing NEAT1 on the expressions of NEAT1 and miR-195-5p, cell viability, apoptosis and capillary-like tube formation as well as PI3K/AKT pathway activation. VEGFA was the target of miR-195-5p, and overexpressed VEGFA reversed the effects of miR-195-5p. Down-regulating NEAT1 inhibited the viability and vasculogenic mimicry formation of SNSCC cells yet promoted their apoptosis via the miR-195-5p/VEGFA axis, providing a possible therapeutic target for SNSCC treatment.
Sub‐nanoampere‐sensitivity current comparatorbased temperature sensor with bucket searching algorithm
Authors: Zhang Peiyong , Lu Hangyi 
Published: November 2020

This Letter presents a new real‐time and compact current‐mode temperature sensor for system‐on‐chip thermal monitoring. The proposed temperature sensor provides a low‐cost readout scheme that utilises a current switching comparator and dual‐control bucket searching algorithm. It does not require an ADC or charged capacitor with large area and power dissipation. The dynamic element matching and threshold‐setting techniques are employed to further increase the accuracy of the proposed sensor. It is fabricated with a standard 55 nm CMOS process, achieves an accuracy of while occupying a silicon area of , and consumes with a conversion time.
Data reduction pipeline for MOF-based synoptic telescopes
Authors: Forte Roberta , Berrilli Francesco , Calchetti Daniele , Del Moro Dario , Fleck Bernhard , Giebink Cynthia , Giebink William , Giovannelli Luca , Jefferies Stuart Mark , Knox Allister , Magrì Maria , Murphy Neil , Nitta Garry , Oliviero Maurizio , Pietropaolo Ermanno , Rodgers Wayne , Scardigli Stefano , Viavattene Giorgio 
Published: November 2020

There are strong scientific cases and practical reasons for building ground-based solar synoptic telescopes. Some issues, like the study of solar dynamics and the forecasting of solar flares, benefit from the 3D reconstruction of the Sun’s atmosphere and magnetic field. Others, like the monitoring and prediction of space weather, require full disk observations, at the proper sampling rate, combining H-alpha images and Doppler velocity and magnetic field. The synoptic telescopes based on Magneto Optical Filters (MOF) using different lines are capable of measuring the line-of-sight Doppler velocity and magnetic field over the full solar disk at different ranges of height in the Sun’s photosphere and low chromosphere. Instruments like the MOTH (Magneto-Optical filters at Two Heights), using a dual-channel based on MOFs operating at 589.0 nm (Na D2line) and 769.9 nm (K D1line), the VAMOS instrument (Velocity And Magnetic Observations of the Sun), operating at 769.9 nm (K D1 line), and the future TSST (Tor Vergata Synoptic Solar Telescope), using a dual-channel telescope operating at 656.28 nm (H-alpha line) and at 769.9 nm (K D1 line), allow to face both aspects, the scientific and the operative related to Space Weather applications. The MOTH, VAMOS and TSST data enable a wide variety of studies of the Sun, from seismic probing of the solar interior (sound speed, rotation, details of the tachocline, sub-surface structure of active regions), to the dynamics and magnetic evolution of the lower part of the solar atmosphere (heating of the solar atmosphere, identification of the signatures of solar eruptive events, atmospheric gravity waves, etc.), to the 3D reconstruction of the solar atmosphere and flare locations. However, the use of MOF filters requires special care in calibrating the data for scientific or operational use. This work presents a systematic pipeline that derives from the decennial use of MOF’s technology. More in detail, the pipeline is based on data reduction procedures tested and validated on MOTH data acquired at Mees Solar Observatory of the University of Hawaii Haleakala Observatories and at South Pole Solar Observatory (SPSO), at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica, during Antarctica Summer Campaign 2016/17.
Lymphbahnen am Bein
Authors: Brenner Erich 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungZu den Komplikationen der Varizentherapie zählt auch das Lymphödem. Pittaluga und Chastanet fanden nach chirurgischer Intervention in nur 0,25 % ein Lymphödem. Flessenkämper und Mitarbeiter konnten zeigen, dass dieses, je nach verwendeter Therapiemethode, in 2,8 % (hohe Ligatur und Stripping) bis 9,2 % (endovenöse Laserablation) auftritt. Einer der möglichen Gründe für diese Lymphödeme könnte eine direkte Schädigung der (sub)inguinalen Lymphgefäße sein. In einer anatomischen Studie fand sich an einem Präparat eine feine „VSM-Entnahmenarbe“ am medialen linken Oberschenkel, vermutlich nach einer Crossektomie. Alle Kollektoren, die die Narbe durchquerten, obliterierten an der Narbe, während sie auf die großen inferolateralen Lymphknoten zogen. Seitlich der Narbe hatten sie ein normales Aussehen und konnten rekanüliert werden. Bislang hat die (anatomische) Forschung diesem Aspekt wenig Beachtung geschenkt; dabei zeigte sich jedoch, dass auch unterhalb der Fascia saphena, parallel zur V. saphena magna, mehrere Lymphgefäße verlaufen.In der hier präsentierten explorativen anatomischen Untersuchung wurden 20 untere Extremitäten von 10 Individuen verwendet.An den rechten Präparaten wurde eine akribische und soweit wie möglich schichtweise Präparation der Subinguinalregion durchgeführt. Die linken Präparate wurden gefroren und zur Hälfte longitudinal und zur anderen Hälfte transversal geschnitten. Die so erhaltenen Schnitte wurden auf den genauen Verlauf der Fascia lata, der Fascia cribrosa und der Fascia saphena untersucht und die genaue Lage der Lymphknoten und -bahnen wurde festgestellt.Eine extensive Intervention an der proximalen V. saphena magna, sei es bei der klassischen Crossektomie oder bei diversen endovenösen Verfahren, deren jeweiliges Agens über die Venenwand selbst hinausreichen kann, kann zu einer zumindest teilweisen Schädigung von begleitenden Lymphgefäßen führen. Zumeist wird wohl die Gesamttransportkapazität der oberflächlichen Lymphbahnen des Beins nicht unter die anfallende Lymphlast gesenkt; jedoch kann eine vorbestehende Beeinträchtigung oder auch eine später auftretende weitere Minderung der Gesamttransportkapazität in einem Lymphödem resultieren.
Análisis retrospectivo de las características y utilización de los recursos de salud en pacientes con cáncer de próstata resistente a la castración metastásico tratados con Enzalutamida o Acetato de Abiraterona en Colombia
Authors: Romero Martín , Vásquez Eliana , Montoya Giovanny , Huerfano Lina 
Published: November 2020

Resumen
Objetivo Describir las características demográficas, clínicas, los recursos de salud utilizados y los costos directos del tratamiento del cáncer de próstata resistente a la castración metastásico (CPRCm), tratados con enzalutamida o acetato de abiraterona en Colombia.
Métodos Mediante un estudio de corte transversal se analizaron datos de utilización de servicios de una EPS (entidad promotora de salud) colombiana. Para ello, se identificaron los pacientes que durante el 1 de julio de 2016 y 30 de junio de 2017 (fecha índice) presentaron registro de uso de enzalutamida o acetato de abiraterona y se confirmaron sus antecedentes de castración química o quirúrgica (6 meses previos a la fecha índice). Se establecieron las frecuencias de uso de servicios en dicha población y se extrajo el consumo reportado asociado a consultas (urgencias, consulta externa), procedimientos y medicamentos en el periodo de análisis. Los costos se organizaron por categorías y se reportaron en pesos colombianos (COP) 2016.
Resultados se identificaron 161 pacientes con CPRCm con edad media de 77 años, se determinó que el departamento colombiano con más población de CPRCm en esta cohorte fue el Valle del Cauca, que 98,1% de los pacientes pertenecen al régimen contributivo y que 1,9% al subsidiado. El cálculo de la supervivencia con el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson mostró que esos pacientes tendrían una tasa de supervivencia de 0% a 10 años. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes encontradas fueron hipertensión, diabetes mellitus, insuficiencia renal y otras patologías tumorales relacionadas. El costo total de manejo de un paciente con CPRCm, que recibe de manera continua durante 12 meses abiraterona o enzalutamida es promedio $131.942.292 COP año. Esa cifra incluye tanto el uso de servicios como el consumo de medicamentos, y ese último representa cerca del 90% del costo.
Conclusiones los pacientes con cáncer en estadio metastásico se caracterizan por presentar alta demanda de medicamentos, laboratorios, imágenes diagnósticas, visitas ambulatorias e ingresos hospitalarios. Debido a que es una muestra pequeña de pacientes, se requiere desarrollar una valoración posterior que permita corroborar los hallazgos encontrados en este estudio retrospectivo.
Arthroscopic Articular Cartilage Scores of the Canine Stifle Joint with Naturally Occurring Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease
Authors: Agnello Kimberly A. , Hayashi Kei , Brown Dorothy Cimino 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective This study aimed to evaluate frequency, location and severity of cartilage pathology in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease.Study Design Stifle arthroscopic video recordings (n = 120) were reviewed. A modified Outerbridge classification system (MOCS) (0–4) was used to score cartilage at 10 locations in the femorotibial (medial and lateral femoral condyles and tibial plateaus) and patellofemoral compartments (proximal, middle and distal locations of the patella and femoral trochlear groove) of the stifle joint. Synovial pathology was scored and the presence of a medial meniscal tear was recorded. A Kruskal–Wallis test was used to evaluate association of location and synovitis with cartilage score; and presence of meniscal tear with cartilage and synovitis scores. Bonferroni correction was utilized and p < 0.05 was considered significant.Results Cartilage pathology and synovitis were identified in all joints. Overall cartilage severity scores were low (median MOCS 1). The median MOCS of the proximal trochlear groove (2) was significantly higher than all other locations evaluated. Higher synovitis scores were significantly associated with higher cartilage severity scores and a medial meniscal tear had no association with cartilage severity scores or synovitis.Conclusion Arthroscopic articular cartilage lesions are common in dogs with CCL disease at the time of surgical intervention, although the severity of cartilage damage is mild. The proximal trochlear groove of the femur had the most severe cartilage score in the stifle joint.