bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sinonasal carcinomas – A single‐centre experience at Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia, from 1994 to 2016
Authors: Wong Daniel Jiahao , Smee Robert Ian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionSinonasal carcinomas (SNCs) are rare neoplasms that are often diagnosed at advanced stages due to asymptomatic growth of tumours in the spaces of the sinonasal complex. Treatment is associated with high morbidity, and outcomes have only improved slightly in the past few decades despite advancements in treatment modalities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment at our institution.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analysed patients who received definitive treatment at the Prince of Wales Hospital (POWH), Sydney, for non‐metastatic SNC. Patients with non‐carcinoma and olfactory neuroblastoma pathology were excluded. Data were collected from the POWH electronic patient database. Survival functions were calculated through Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariate analysis for prognostic factors was performed through Cox regression.ResultsSeventy‐five patients from 1994 to 2016 were eligible for analysis. Overall 5‐year local control (LC), ultimate local control (ULC), overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were 76 ± 6%, 80 ± 5%, 69 ± 6% and 77 ± 5%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, clinical stage was prognostic for LC and primary site was prognostic for OS and CSS. Lymphovascular invasion and tumour inoperability were also predictive of CSS.ConclusionSurvival and local control rates at our centre were greater than those reported in the literature. Early‐stage patients treated with surgery alone had excellent oncologic outcomes. Radical surgery with postoperative radiation provides the best outcome in the setting of advanced disease.
Association between density of gaming venues in a geographical area and prevalence of insolvency: longitudinal evidence from Australia
Authors: Badji Samia , Black Nicole , Johnston David W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsProblem gambling can lead to a myriad of harmful consequences, including unmanageable amounts of debt and serious financial problems. The aim of this study was to examine whether changes in the number of electronic gaming machine (EGM) venues within a local area (due to venue openings and closings) are associated with changes in the rates of serious financial problems.DesignArea‐level longitudinal multivariate regressions controlling for possible confounders (fixed and time‐varying local area characteristics).SettingAustralia's three largest states (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland), during the period 2011–18.ParticipantsA total of 225 local areas (Statistical Area 3 level) within the three states.MeasurementsSerious financial problems were measured by administrative data on total number of personal insolvencies (bankruptcies, debt agreements and insolvency agreements) in each local area per annum. The number of EGM venues in each local area was the regressor of primary interest. Area‐level covariates included the number of non‐gaming pubs and clubs, unemployment rate, population count, local area dummies, local area linear time trends and a separate set of state dummies for each year.FindingsA one‐venue decrease over time within a local area decreased the number of personal insolvencies by 1.8 per year [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4–3.2]. The result is robust to alternative specifications, including allowing for geographical spillovers (β = 2.2, 95% CI = 0.7–3.7), temporal lagged effects (β = 1.6, 95% CI = 0.6–2.8) and the spatial variability of venues within areas (β = 2.7, 95% CI = 0.9–4.5).ConclusionsThere is a positive association between the number of gaming venues in a local geographic area and the number of personal insolvencies in that area. Reducing the number or accessibility of gaming venues could help to reduce financial harms associated with problem gambling.
Editorial: low population mortality from COVID‐19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity
Authors: Rhodes Jonathan M. , Subramanian Sreedhar , Laird Eamon , Kenny Rose A. 
Published: April 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Al‐Ani et al and Garg et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15779 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15796.
Exposure–response relationships of dapagliflozin on cardiorenal risk markers and adverse events: A pooled analysis of 13 phase II/III trials
Authors: Koomen Jeroen V. , Stevens Jasper , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. 
Published: April 2020

AimsDapagliflozin is a sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor that has been developed as oral glucose lowering drug. The original dosefinding studies focused on optimal glycaemic effects. However, dapagliflozin also affects various cardiorenal risk markers and provides cardiorenal protection. To evaluate whether the currently registered doses of 5 and 10 mg are optimal for cardiorenal efficacy and safety, we characterized the relationship between dapagliflozin exposure and nonglycaemic cardiorenal risk markers as well as adverse events.MethodsData were obtained from a pooled database of 13 24‐week randomized controlled clinical trials of the clinical development programme of dapagliflozin. The exposure–response relationship was quantified using population pharmacodynamic and repeated time‐to‐event models.ResultsA dose of 10 mg dapagliflozin resulted in an average individual exposure of 638 ng h/mL (95% prediction interval [PI]: 354–1061 ng h/mL), which translated to 71.2% (95% PI: 57.9–80.5%), 61.1% (95% PI: 58.0–64.8%), 91.3% (95% PI: 85.4–94.6%) and 25.7% (95% PI: 23.5–28.3%) of its estimated maximum effect for fasting plasma glucose, haematocrit, serum creatinine and urinary albumin–creatinine ratio, respectively.ConclusionWe demonstrate that doses higher than 10 mg could provide additional beneficial effects in haematocrit, systolic blood pressure, urinary albumin–creatinine ratio and uric acid, without obvious increases in the rate of adverse events. These results raise the question whether future outcome studies assessing the benefits of higher than currently registered dapagliflozin doses are merited.
Pharmacokinetic interactions between clozapine and sertraline in smokers and non‐smokers
Authors: Kuzin Maxim , Schoretsanitis Georgios , Haen Ekkehard , Ridders Florian , Hiemke Christoph , Gründer Gerhard , Paulzen Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClozapine is an effective antipsychotic drug for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia. Sertraline is a widely prescribed antidepressant and often concomitantly applied to address negative symptoms or depression. However, data on interactions between clozapine and sertraline are inconsistent. The aim of our study was to evaluate pharmacokinetic interactions between clozapine and sertraline analysing a therapeutic drug monitoring database of 1644 clozapine‐medicated patients. We compared four groups: non‐smokers (n = 250) and smokers (n = 326) with co‐medication without known effects on cytochrome P450 and without sertraline, and non‐smokers (n = 18) and smokers (n = 17) with sertraline co‐medication. Measured and dose‐corrected concentrations (C/D) of clozapine were compared between the groups using non‐parametrical tests with a significance level of 0.05. Post hoc analyses included pairwise comparisons to account for smoking status. Although we detected significant differences for clozapine levels and C/D values between study groups (P < .001 for Kruskal‐Wallis test in both cases), post hoc analyses revealed no differences for concentrations and C/D values of clozapine (P > .05 for Mann‐Whitney U test in both cases). A negative correlation between the sertraline dose and the clozapine concentration was found in non‐smokers (Spearman's rank correlation, rs = −0.535, P = .048). A potential pharmacokinetic interaction between clozapine and a standard therapeutic sertraline dose seems to be of minor clinical importance.
Deficit of circulating CD19+CD24hiCD38hi regulatory B cells in severe aplastic anaemia
Authors: Zaimoku Yoshitaka , Patel Bhavisha A. , Kajigaya Sachiko , Feng Xingmin , Alemu Lemlem , Quinones Raffo Diego , Groarke Emma M. , Young Neal S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImmune aplastic anaemia (AA) is caused by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that destroy haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Enhanced type 1 T helper (Th1) responses and reduced regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the immune pathophysiology. CD24hiCD38hi regulatory B cells (Bregs) suppress CTLs and Th1 responses, and induce Tregs via interleukin 10 (IL‐10). We investigated circulating B‐cell subpopulations, including CD24hiCD38hi Bregs, as well as total B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells in 104 untreated patients with severe and very severe AA, aged ≥18 years. All patients were treated with standard immunosuppressive therapy (IST) plus eltrombopag. CD24hiCD38hi Bregs were markedly reduced in patients with AA compared to healthy individuals, especially in very severe AA, but residual Bregs remained functional, capable of producing IL‐10; total B‐cell counts and the other B‐cell subpopulations were similar to those of healthy individuals. CD24hiCD38hi Bregs did not correlate with responses to IST, and they recovered to levels present in healthy individuals after therapy. Mature naïve B‐cell counts were unexpectedly associated with IST response. Markedly reduced CD24hiCD38hi Bregs, especially in very severe AA, with recovery after IST suggest Breg deficits may contribute to the pathophysiology of immune AA.
cIMPACT‐NOW update 6: new entity and diagnostic principle recommendations of the cIMPACT‐Utrecht meeting on future CNS tumor classification and grading
Authors: Louis David N. , Wesseling Pieter , Aldape Kenneth , Brat Daniel J. , Capper David , Cree Ian A. , Eberhart Charles , Figarella‐Branger Dominique , Fouladi Maryam , Fuller Gregory N. , Giannini Caterina , Haberler Christine , Hawkins Cynthia , Komori Takashi , Kros Johan M. , Ng HK , Orr Brent A. , Park Sung‐Hye , Paulus Werner , Perry Arie , Pietsch Torsten , Reifenberger Guido , Rosenblum Marc , Rous Brian , Sahm Felix , Sarkar Chitra , Solomon David A. , Tabori Uri , van den Bent Martin J. , von Deimling Andreas , Weller Michael , White Valerie A. , Ellison David W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractcIMPACT‐NOW (the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy) was established to evaluate and make practical recommendations on recent advances in the field of CNS tumor classification, particularly in light of the rapid progress in molecular insights into these neoplasms. For Round 2 of its deliberations, cIMPACT‐NOW Working Committee 3 was reconstituted and convened in Utrecht, The Netherlands, for a meeting designed to review putative new CNS tumor types in advance of any future World Health Organization meeting on CNS tumor classification. In preparatory activities for the meeting and at the actual meeting, a list of possible entities was assembled and each type and subtype debated. Working Committee 3 recommended that a substantial number of newly recognized types and subtypes should be considered for inclusion in future CNS tumor classifications. In addition, the group endorsed a number of principles—relating to classification categories, approaches to classification, nomenclature, and grading—that the group hopes will also inform the future classification of CNS neoplasms.
The role of nocturnal omnivorous lemurs as seed dispersers in Malagasy rain forests
Authors: Ramananjato Veronarindra , Rakotomalala Zafimahery , Park Daniel S. , DeSisto Camille M. M. , Raoelinjanakolona Nancia N. , Guthrie Nicola K. , Fenosoa Zo E. S. , Jonhson Steig E. , Razafindratsima Onja H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFruit‐eating animals play important roles as seed dispersal agents in terrestrial systems. Yet, the extent to which seed dispersal by nocturnal omnivores may facilitate germination and the recruitment of plant communities has rarely been investigated. Characterizing their roles in seed dispersal is necessary to provide a more complete picture of how seed dispersal processes affect ecosystem functioning. We investigated the roles and impacts of two species of nocturnal omnivorous lemur species, Microcebus jollyae and M. rufus, on seed dispersal in Madagascar's rain forests, through analysis of fecal samples and germination experiments. Data show that these lemur species, which are among the world's smallest primates, dispersed 22 plant species from various forest strata and that the defecated seeds germinated faster and at higher rates than control seeds for the eight plant species we tested. Even though mouse lemurs dispersed both native and non‐native plant species, non‐native plant species represented a relatively small proportion (17%). These results demonstrate that overlooked nocturnal omnivores can act as important seed dispersers, which may have critical implications for forest regeneration and the maintenance of plant diversity in fragmented/degraded forests. Finally, we provide critical insights into the previously unobserved behavior and diet of endangered nocturnal lemurs for their effective conservation.Abstract in Malagasy is available with online material.
iStent inject trabecular micro‐bypass stents with topical prostaglandin as standalone treatment for open‐angle glaucoma: 4‐year outcomes
Authors: Berdahl John , Voskanyan Lilit , Myers Jonathan S. , Katz L. Jay , Samuelson Thomas W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImportanceLong‐term data are needed regarding effective and safe glaucoma treatment modalities.BackgroundThis study evaluated 4‐year outcomes of second‐generation trabecular micro‐bypass stent implantation (iStent inject) combined with topical travoprost in open‐angle glaucoma (OAG).DesignProspective, non‐randomized, multi‐surgeon study at a tertiary care ophthalmology centre.ParticipantsOAG subjects with preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) 18 to 30 mmHg on two medications and 22 to 38 mmHg post‐washout.MethodsSubjects (n = 53) underwent standalone iStent inject implantation and started travoprost on postoperative Day 1. Measures included IOP, medications, comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and testing, and adverse events (AEs). Annual medication washouts were performed.Main Outcome MeasuresMean medicated and unmedicated IOP; and proportions of eyes with IOP ≤18mmHg, ≤15 mmHg, or ≥20% reduced while on travoprost vs screening IOP on two medications.ResultsAt 48 months postoperative, 85% of eyes reduced IOP ≥20% on travoprost vs screening IOP on 2 medications; 92% of eyes had IOP ≤18 mmHg on travoprost; and 83% had IOP ≤15 mmHg on travoprost. At Month 49 (post‐washout), 90% of eyes reduced IOP ≥20% vs preoperative washout IOP. Throughout follow‐up, mean IOP on travoprost was 11.9 to 13.0 mmHg (34%‐40% reduced vs 19.7 mmHg on 2 medications preoperatively; P < .0001 throughout), and post‐washout IOP was 16.5 to 17.7 mmHg (28%‐34% reduced vs 24.9 mmHg preoperatively; P < .0001 throughout). Favourable safety included minimal AEs; stable visual acuity, cup‐to‐disc ratio and visual fields; and no secondary surgeries.Conclusions and RelevanceCombining iStent inject implantation with topical prostaglandin produced significant and safe 4‐year IOP and medication reductions in OAG.
Interface dermatitis as an indicator of hepatic involvement in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)
Authors: Sasidharanpillai Sarita , Govindan Aparna , Ajithkumar Kidangazhiathmana , Chathoth Anuradha Thalian , Khader Anza , Reena Mariyath Olassery Kalathingal , Farsha Ruba , Sherin Najiya , David Effeena Merin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are conflicting reports on the association between interface dermatitis and hepatic involvement in DRESS.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of the clinical and the histopathologic features of DRESS was performed to study the association between the histopathology of the skin rash and hepatic involvement.ResultsThe clinical and the histopathologic findings were evaluated in 40 cases of DRESS. Thirty patients (75%) had a hepatic involvement. Thirty (75%) biopsy specimens showed a combination of different inflammatory patterns. The interface dermatitis was noted in 24 specimens (60%). Twenty‐one patients with the interface dermatitis had a hepatic involvement (P= .04).ConclusionsThe skin rash of DRESS often shows the coexistence of different inflammatory patterns. The interface dermatitis showed a statistically significant association with the hepatic involvement in DRESS.
Stage‐related PD‐L1 expression in Kaposi sarcoma tumor microenvironment
Authors: Joest Beatrice , Kempf Werner , Berisha Arbeneshe , Peyk Peter , Tronnier Michael , Mitteldorf Christina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe immune checkpoint molecule PD‐L1 represents an important target in oncological immune therapy. The aim of our study was to evaluate PD‐L1 expression and the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in Kaposi sarcoma.MethodsImmunohistochemical stains were performed for PD‐L1, CD3, CD33, CD68, and CD168 in 24 Kaposi sarcoma samples. In PD‐L1‐positive cases, the double stains for PD‐L1, CD31, podoplanin, and HHV8 were added.ResultsPD‐L1 was observed in 71% of the samples and was predominantly located in the TME. PD‐L1 expression was significantly higher in nodular stage than in patch/plaque stage. The TME consisted of CD68+/CD163+ macrophages, CD33+ myloid‐derived suppressor cells and monocytes and CD3+ T‐cells. The TME showed a peritumoral distribution in nodular stage, in contrast to a diffuse distribution in patch/plaque stage. In 12 samples (50%), no plasma cells were found.ConclusionIn nodular stage of KS, the TME is pushed back in the periphery of the tumor nodules. The PD‐L1‐positive TME between the tumor cells might protect them from the immune attack. An anti‐PD‐L1 treatment might be promising in KS patients.
The AMP‐activated protein kinase modulates hypothermia‐induced J wave
Authors: Wu Cheng‐I , Lu Yen‐Yu , Chen, Yao‐Chang , Lin Feng‐Zhi , Huang Jen‐Hung , Lin Yung‐Kuo , Higa Satoshi , Chan Chao‐Shun , Liu Chih‐Min , Chen Shih‐Ann , Chen Yi‐Jen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanism underlying the occurrence of the J wave in low temperature remains unclear. However, low temperature is associated with metabolic disorder and 5' AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which modulates ionic currents and cardiac metabolism. This study investigated whether AMPK regulation can modulate the occurrence of the J wave at low temperature.MethodsUnipolar and bipolar leads were used to record monophasic action potential (the endocardium and epicardium) and pseudo‐electrocardiograms (inferior leads) to study the cardiac electrical activity. Measurements were taken in isolated Langendorff rabbit hearts at both 30℃ and 37℃ before and after administration of 4‐aminopyridine (an ultrarapid delayed rectifier potassium current inhibitor, IKur, 50 µmol L−1), PF06409577 (an AMPK activator, 1 µmol L−1), compound C (an AMPK inhibitor, 10 µmol L−1) and glibenclamide (an ATP‐sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel inhibitor, IKATP, 20 µmol L−1).ResultsThe amplitude of the J wave (2.46 ± 0.34 mV vs. 1.11 ± 0.23 mV, P < .01) at 30℃ (n = 15) was larger than that at 37℃ (n = 15). PF06409577 (1 µmol L−1) increased the J waves at both 30℃ and 37℃. In contrast, compound C (10 µmol L−1) reduced J wave at both 37℃ and 30℃. Low‐temperature‐induced J waves were individually suppressed by 4‐AP (50 µmol L−1) and glibenclamide (20 µmol L−1).ConclusionsAMPK inhibition reduces low‐temperature‐induced J waves and possible ventricular arrhythmogenesis by modulating IKATP and IKur channels.
The fourfold relation between the essence of money, inflation, bubbles and debt—A theoretical macrofounded analysis
Authors: Beretta Edoardo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe paper makes an unprecedented claim by identifying a significant relationship between money's (immaterial and intrinsic‐worth‐detached) essence and the measurement of inflation rates, on the one hand, and bubbles and private/public indebtedness, on the other hand. The inflationary potential of cryptocurrencies—among others: xenocurrencies and special drawing rights—is also analysed. Another added value is the consistently macroeconomic approach, which starts from the structural and interconnected mechanisms and then explains economic‐financial crises and their increasingly common features.
How to build a factor portfolio: Does the allocation strategy matter?
Authors: Dichtl Hubert , Drobetz Wolfgang , Wendt Viktoria‐Sophie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFactor‐based allocation embraces the idea of factors, as opposed to asset classes, as the ultimate building blocks of investment portfolios. We examine whether there is a superior way of combining factors in a portfolio and provide a comparison of factor‐based allocation strategies within a multiple testing framework. Factor‐based allocation is profitable beyond exploiting genuine risk premia, even when applying multiple testing corrections. Investment portfolios can be efficiently diversified using factor‐based allocation strategies, as demonstrated by robust economic performance over various economic scenarios. The naïve equally weighted factor portfolio, albeit simple and cost‐efficient, cannot be outperformed by more sophisticated allocation strategies.
A review on the environmental degradation effects on fatigue behaviour of adhesively bonded joints
Authors: Ramírez Francis M.G. , de Moura Marcelo F.S.F. , Moreira Raul D.F. , Silva Filipe G.A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe structural applications of adhesively bonded joints on transportation industries have been increasing, and it is expected that this rising trend persists in the future. The appropriate design of these joints should address two main issues: fatigue behaviour and environmental effects. Environmental effects consist of the degradation of the bonded joints by means of harmful influence of temperature, moisture or both simultaneously. These effects can have an impact on the fatigue behaviour of bonded joints because they influence the quality of the bonding. The combination of environmental effects and fatigue lead to synergetic consequences resulting in premature and unpredictable rupture, which transforms these issues into relevant and actual research topics. The present paper describes the most recent works addressing the referred subjects. Experimental works and analytical/numerical approaches are also described aiming to give a picture of the real state‐of‐the‐art. Actual limitations and perspectives of future evolution are also discussed.