bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le marquis de Sade et la question de la population
Authors: Rohrbasser Jean-Marc , Véron Jacques 
Published: October 2019

Dans quatre de ses textes majeurs ( Aline et Valcour , Histoire de Juliette , La Nouvelle Justine et La Philosophie dans le boudoir ) écrits entre 1795 et 1799, Sade manifeste un intérêt certain pour la question de la population. Il élabore ce qui pourrait s’apparenter à un système cohérent. La propagation de l’espèce humaine est envisagée comme une entrave au bien-être tant à l’échelle collective qu’au niveau individuel. Pour Sade, tout devrait être mis en œuvre pour limiter cette propagation, puisque l’humanité ne peut revendiquer aucun statut d’exception dans la nature. L’abandon d’enfants, l’infanticide, la sodomie ou l’avortement sont alors présentés comme autant de freins à la population. Par ailleurs, comme Malthus à la même époque, Sade craint un accroissement du nombre des pauvres et se montre par conséquent hostile à toute aide envers eux. Au-delà des excès auxquels se livrent les personnages des romans de Sade, dont les « dissertations » illustrent ses conceptions en la matière, les idées développées dans ces œuvres, en raison de leur cohérence et de leur originalité, méritent une véritable attention. Alors que chez Malthus le principe de population légitime en dernier ressort la contrainte morale, pour Sade le principe de plaisir doit toujours prévaloir. La dialectique de la destruction et de la création fonde la théorie sadienne de la population.
Brazilian Local Content Policy: An Overview and Analisys of Adjustment Clauses Applications
Authors: d'Almeida Albino Lopes , Apolinário Bruno de Paula , Ribeiro Luiz Filipe 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Local Content Policies are worldwide applied to oil and gas (O&G) exploration and production (E&P) contracts, in order to stimulate the national goods and services industry. This policy implements Local Content (LC) commitments in contracts for O&G exploration blocks. In this way, minimum LC percentages are established and supervised in Brazil by the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP). Additionally, this minimum percentage is taken as a judgment criterion for the concession regime bidding rounds, as well as pre-established in Production Sharing and Onerous Cession contracts. In the past years, high levels of LC, coupled with oil price drop, have taken oil companies to request adjustment and/or exemption of this contractual commitment. Although provided for in E&P contracts, the mechanism regarding the exemption and adjustment of Local Content clauses had not yet been regulated by ANP until 2017. Then, in 2018 ANP approved Resolution No. 726/2018, defining clear and objective criteria for the request and its conditions. Therefore, this paper intent to present and analyze the history of local content policy in the Brazilian O&G industry, the regulatory framework, also evaluating the quantity of requests for changing CL commitments and ANP responses.
Machine Learning Applied on Fishing Occurrence Prediction
Authors: Peixoto Filho Flavio Tito , Filardo Juarez Guaraci 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Along the enhancement of data processing and storing capabilities, introduction of cloud computing and a broader connectivity between different systems, data mining techniques and machine learning consolidate themselves between the main exponents for business improvement. Even areas of industry considerably mature, as the oil & gas, shall handle these tools to modernize its processes and enhance their efficiency. The applicable fields are diverse, from the operational realm to management areas. It is remarkable to consider the benefits that the adoption of richer prediction models would provide, in substitution of tasks so far performed only from empiricism, or under minimal premises. Towards planning, data mining associated with machine learning turns into an important tool for some services demand prediction. Especially those at which the occurrence is essentially probabilistic. Such analysis may be implemented crossing multiple input data, allowing the model to be a fair representation of reality. Fishing occurrence is an unmistakable example of well service with probabilistic incidence. Even if, at a first glance, their manifestation seems chaotic, fishing incidence varies according the activities performed or well specifications. This means the event probability depends not only if the rig is drilling or completing, but also on well specification. In a large oil company, with a large amount of wells, the possibility of a multi-variable prediction for this kind of occurrence is very valuable for a proper mapping and dimensioning of the service amount.
This present paper shows the steps of quantifying the demand for fishing services using previous experience. These steps are explained, from input data classification and pre-processing through the choice of the fittest machine learning model, and finally, the process and analysis of the obtained results.
Once the model is defined and implemented, each new analysis can be performed quickly. This represents a massive time saving, especially when schedule changes happen very often. However, the advantages obtained are not only restricted to the boost in performance, but also the possibility to consider a larger assortment of input variables, and therefore allow the user to obtain a model closer to reality, and still capable of be continuously improved and adapted to new scenarios.
Regardless being the purpose of this work the amount of services to hire, the obtained data are also a great source for fishing prevention, aiming to reduce nonproductive time (NPT). It can provide an intensity map, indicating the activities at which shall the efforts be prioritized. They are still useful in rig schedule forecasting, to permit predicting the amount of time for each activity regarding fishing events. Finally, regardless of referring to fishing activity, the methods and process used in this work may be, in general, used for other purposes, within or outside the oil industry.
Implementation of Dissolvable Metals to Isolate Inflow Control Devices and Deliver a Washpipe Free Deep Water Sandface Completion Solution
Authors: Johnson Kenneth , Okengwu Victor , Orluwosu Benjamin , Novelen Ryan , Hanson Jon-Howard , Chaloupka Vladimir , Achich Achref 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The introductory use of existing inflow control devices (ICD’s) fitted with innovative dissolvable metal plugging rods to allow the operator to run washpipe free completions to reduce rig time is discussed. This work discusses an ICD washpipe-free application run in a long, deep water horizontal sandface completion in the Egina development. The completion was successfully installed following existing processes for tasks and sub-tasks applied in previous completions in the field. The washpipe-free solution was tailored to the reservoir, and is field-adjustable.
The dissolvable plug solution was provided to be used with existing ICD’s available in country, without modification to the ICD housing. Fluid compatibility testing with dissolvable metals was performed establishing dissolution rates under existing reservoir conditions with mud, brine, and cake breaker at field formulations. Introduction of the dissolvable plug solution has provided the operator with an additional option to consider when seeking to further optimize times necessary to run lower completions in deep water wells offshore West Africa. No changes in existing completion procedures were necessary with respect to the procedure for washing down or subsequently placing cake breaker treatment.
Running ICD’s with dissolvable plugs was identified as an opportunity to eliminate the need for running lower completion with washpipe. The subject well was run with ICD screens equipped with dissolvable plugs while maintaining full compatibility with the existing upper completion design. Once the well was completed and the tree installed, injectivity testing was successfully performed confirming ICD functionality was re-established.
The ICD completion design saved the operator a minimum of 12 hours online rig time, further simplifying running the completion and associated handling times. Offline savings include (1) racking washpipe before running the lower completion, (2) subsequent racking back and laying washpipe upon completing the lower completion, (3) eliminating mobilization of washpipe to/from the rig, and (4) freeing up deck space typically used to accommodate the washpipe. During this saved offline time the auxiliary derrick could be used for other offline equipment preparation, helping provide further savings. Washpipe rental and maintenance costs were eliminated. An important reduction to safety risks related to extensive pipe handling was also achieved.
This paper describes laboratory testing, full quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) and operational procedures, leading to the first successful deployment and excellent functionality of ICD’s with dissolvable plugs in a long deep water horizontal completion eliminating the use of washpipe, while providing associated savings.
Subsea Induction Heating Technology Solves Hydrate and Wax Issues in Subsea Flowlines
Authors: Anres Stephane , Hallot Raymond , Valdenaire Thomas , Macauley Lionel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new technology called local heating offers the possibility of significantly raising the temperature of the multiphase production fluid in order to improve flow assurance and consequently the economics of field developments. Heating the flowlines is a way to overcome the thermal constraints, mitigate hydrate & wax risks and provide operational flexibility. Indeed, in the case of long distance tie-backs, very deepwater applications or when the fluid temperature at the wellhead is too low, conventional flow assurance solutions might be very expensive or even not applicable.
While other heating technologies such as DEH and Heat tracing are only used under transient operations (start-up, shutdown, preservation), local heating is a different solution, mainly to be used continuously during production and also during transient operations as long as there is fluid circulation in the flowline. The local heating device is a very simple and robust system integrated into a compact subsea module, installed in parallel of the main flowline and which can be retrieved for maintenance or relocated. The technology is compatible with any type of field architecture and can be implemented either on greenfields or brownfields. In the case of greenfields, the use of local heating is a way to mitigate uncertainties on production fluid temperature or solve an unexpected poor thermal performance of the design.
The main principles of the local heating technology, as well as a preliminary design performed for a specific case provided by an operator, will be described in the paper. This solution is based on induction and is therefore able to provide very high-power levels (several MW) with a compact module. The temperature is continuously monitored throughout the heating module by means of fiber optic distributed sensors. The technology is fully compatible with preservation by flushing and allows pigging in the event of deposits.
The paper will also present the qualification work performed by Saipem to date including heating performance tests performed mid-2018 on a small-scale submerged prototype operated under atmospheric conditions with multiphase fluid. The tests have confirmed the good electrical and thermal behaviour of the system.
The next qualification step entails new tests to be performed on a medium scale prototype using crude oil as process fluid. The main objective is to qualify the heating performance tests and the fabrication method of the local heating module under representative conditions: representative process fluid and representative module geometry. The intention is to perform these tests on an existing Brazilian onshore test site in the frame of a JIP.
Effective Cross Flow Diagnostic by Pulse Neutron, Cement Logs and Fluid Production: Water Shut Off Well Case in Amo Field
Authors: Orellana Ney Holguer , Gaibor Andrés Mauricio , Astudillo Ricardo Andrés , Lozada Santiago Fernando , Muñoz Edwin Raúl , Tamayo Telmo , Bailón Luis Roberto , Padilla Carlos Alberto 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The high water cut 98,5% caused the abandonment of a directional well, which was reactivated after 3 years using a water shut off technique. Offset wells production behavior, stratigraphic seal layers distribution, reservoir properties, and cased hole logging data played a relevant role for the well planning, reactivation and production success of heavy oil from the mature Amo field in the Oriente Basin of Ecuador.
The Lower U reservoir production screening from neighbor wells and stratigraphical well correlation supported a rigless acquisition plan of pulse neutron logs to diagnose the fluid flow patterns after 5 years of production and 3 years of a well abandonment. Further corrosion and cement log was run to check the well integrity and compared it with initial cement log to discard possible cement channeling suspicion behind casing. Finally, water shut off well program was carried out.
The acquired neutron logs showed flushed zone from two former producing perforations as well as remaining hydrocarbons in the upper perforated zone. The gamma ray log activation was detected just below the oil water contact while the oxygen activation log "OAI" was highlighted just above the gamma ray activation at the same depth where CBL log experienced picks perturbations suggesting bad cement an possible channeling behind casing. The OAI ended just in the upper unit perforations where another CBL pick was recorded. These evidences supported possible cross flow hypothesis from the bottom to the top producing zones. The water shut off job squeezed the lower perforation zone and re-perforated the upper unit to reactivate the abandoned well. The cement and corrosion logs suggested a good conditions of casing and zone isolation from aquifer. The well reactivation produced 700 bbl/d of water formation (100% BSW) during a month, the water salinity gradually increased from 16000 ppm to 45000 ppm NaCl. Likewise water cut diminished to 17% and 170 bbl of oil was pumped daily after voiding the cross flowed fluid (44000 bbl). Furthemore, the unknown productivity index for ESP pump design was unveiled.
Stratigraphic well correlation indicated the shale layer continuity and thickness variability, which in combination with shale buffers occurrence were controlling the production behavior in offset wells. These aspects led to get updated cased hole logging data to identify opportunities for re-activation of abandoned well unlocking by-passed oil reserves after successful water shut off job execution.
Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Non Aqueous Drilling Fluids Using a Brazilian Native Versus an Exotic Amphipod
Authors: Kraus Leila Aparecida da Silva , Melo Sônia Lopes Rezende de , Reynier Marcia Vieira , Marinho Leonardo de Souza , Veiga Letícia Falcão , Pereira Bruno Correa , Araujo Leandro Franco Macena de , Ximenes Dalton de Sousa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBrazilian Environmental Authority (IBAMA) adopted EPA rules for discharging drill cuttings from O&G operations. EPA method describes procedures to evaluate toxicity using Leptocheirus plumulosus. Despite being an exotic species, Brazilian laboratories keep L. plumulosus cultures. Otherwise, Grandidierella bonnieroides is widely distributed in Brazilian estuaries is successfully cultured and sensitive to many toxicants.The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of three non-aqueous drilling fluids (NAF) and two synthetic based drilling muds (SBM) spiked to natural sediment on the amphipods. Reference toxicant experiments were also performed using C16C18 internal olefin or a C16C18 internal olefin SBM of similar density.Sediment was collected in Jabaquara beach, RJ and transferred to the laboratory in chilly bins. After sieving, it was kept at 4 ± 2 °C until spiking for no longer than 60 days. Spiking procedures and whole-sediment tests were set up following the methods described in EPA method 1644 and Brazilian Standards. Amphipods were exposed to 5 concentrations of SBM and NAF spiked sediment plus controls for 4 and 10 days, respectively, in static system.In NAF tests using G. bonnieroides the average LC50 obtained were 3.53 g.kg-1dw (n= 7; SD=1.63; CV= 46.07%), 1.33 g.kg-1dw (n= 6; SD=0.69; CV= 52.15%) and 0.56 g.kg-1dw (n= 7; SD=0.24; CV= 42.69%) for olefin, ester and paraffin, respectively, while L. plumulosus showed an average LC50 of 1.66 g.kg-1dw (n= 6; SD=1.30; CV= 78.10%), 0.60 g.kg-1dw (n= 5; SD=0.22; CV=35.81%) and 0.26 g.kg-1dw (n= 6; SD=0.13; CV= 50.50%), respectively. The average LC50 obtained in SBM 1 (11.6 ppg) tests using G. bonnieroides was 139.78 mL.kg-1dw (n= 3; SD= 69.47; CV= 49.70%) and for SBM 2 (9.9 ppg) the LC50 was 132.97 mL.kg-1dw, while L. plumulosus showed an average LC50 of 94.79 mL.kg-1dw (n= 2; SD= 92.33; CV= 97.41%) LC50 of 34.82 mL.kg-1dw, respectively, for SBM1 and SBM2. In olefin tests using L. plumulosus, SBM 2 test using G. bonnieroides and SBM 1 tests using both species, STR ≤ 1 were obtained, meeting the EPA criteria for drilling cuttings discharge. Although G. bonnieroides has shown to be less sensitive than L. plumulosus to the NAF and SBM, the method using G. bonnieroides as test species demonstrated to be suitable for this purpose and presented similar variability than the same method using L. plumulosus.
Case Studies: Opportunities and Challenges in Brazilian Mature Fields' Subsea Conceptual Design
Authors: Cabral Gabriel Rodrigues , da Silva Helvio Ferreira , Bressan Robert da Silva 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
When performing any redevelopment or complementary project assessment, there are usually common characteristics that an operator could face, for instance reuse of existing assets, marginal fields, etc. However, due to project development strategies in Petrobras and Brazilian regulation and scenarios, there are some specific additional challenges, such as environmental constraints. This paper aims to present actual case studies from Brazilian fields, highlighting some challenges, opportunities and keys to success with associated results, that ensured projects technical and economic feasibility. By the end of this paper, one should realize that challenges and opportunities faced in Brazilian mature fields' subsea design are often similar from a broad perspective; hence, the keys to success can also be reproduced from scenario to scenario, with few specific adaptations, case by case. Such conclusion allows a portfolio approach, anticipating challenges and, thus, motivating the development of desirable novel solutions, such as new technologies and methods of methods. This will lead to saving costs and reduction of risk and time of deployment.
A Study of Directional Drilling Using Rotary Steerable System in Soft Shallow Formation Benin Sand – Rio Del Rey Area, Offshore Cameroon
Authors: Oredolapo Olawale Majeolatan , Onomo Claude Placide 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rotary steerable tool has been proved reliable tool that can be used in different types of formation. But in the Rio Del Rey area in the "Benin sand" in Offshore Cameroon, directional drilling issue have been faced while drilling with rotary steerable tool.
This paper present a case of study on the importance of the Bottom Hole Assembly choice versus the lithology, BHA Configuration, bit selection and trajectory requirements. Also based on lessons learned, propose some recommendations.
Rotary steerable is deemed to be a reliable tool that can be used on most of type of formation but this is not always the case as shown in our case of study while drilling through the Benin sand formation which is a shallow formation in Rio Del Rey field in the Niger Delta, offshore Cameroon using the rotary steerable system. RSS BHA has been observed to perform below expectations while drilling this formation. A holistic review of the operational performance of the five Bottom Hole Assembly that was run in the hole to drill ~1000m of soft sandy formation will be summarized. We will analyze each BHA that was ran in hole and the performance achieved. Also BHA configuration and trajectory will be evaluated and reviewed. Finally, some recommendation are made. In addition, the choice of bit selected and performance will be evaluated.
After detailed analysis of each BHA, RSS BHA with PDC bit was seen not to be a good choice of BHA to drill through the Benin sand formation based on the well directional objectives and BUR requirements. Motor BHA with tricone bit using the principle of jetting was used along with catenary design trajectory. This BHA and bit selection choice with catenary design trajectory helped to achieve the directional objective 100%, even exceeded the required DLS at some point. Also, adjusting drilling parameters contributed to the success seen so far.
However, some irregularity was observed in the dogleg severity which may need an additional run with the rotary steerable system to smoothen the trajectory or perform a control trip in this soft formation with the potential risk of accidental sidetrack.
In conclusion, a Motor bottom hole assembly with tricone bit using the principle of jetting should be used if a risk of collision is highlighted and a need to build up quickly in order to move away faster from nearest wells.
A motor assembly is more recommended in soft shallow formation (0m −700m TVD) than the rotary steerable system. A better BUR behavior was observed with a motor assembly.
This paper will serve as a guide / recommendation for any drilling that requireds an aggressive shallow kick off due to collision concern in soft shallow surface formation where performance of the bottom hole assembly and bit selection is critical.