bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deletion of Atg22 gene contributes to reduce programmed cell death induced by acetic acid stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hu Jingjin , Dong Yachen , Wang Wei , Zhang Wei , Lou Hanghang , Chen Qihe 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Programmed cell death (PCD) induced by acetic acid, the main by-product released during cellulosic hydrolysis, cast a cloud over lignocellulosic biofuel fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and became a burning problem. Atg22p, an ignored integral membrane protein located in vacuole belongs to autophagy-related genes family; prior study recently reported that it is required for autophagic degradation and efflux of amino acids from vacuole to cytoplasm. It may alleviate the intracellular starvation of nutrition caused by Ac and increase cell tolerance. Therefore, we investigate the role of atg22 in cell death process induced by Ac in which attempt is made to discover new perspectives for better understanding of the mechanisms behind tolerance and more robust industrial strain construction.

Results
In this study, we compared cell growth, physiological changes in the absence and presence of Atg22p under Ac exposure conditions. It is observed that disruption and overexpression of Atg22p delays and enhances acetic acid-induced PCD, respectively. The deletion of Atg22p in S. cerevisiae maintains cell wall integrity, and protects cytomembrane integrity, fluidity and permeability upon Ac stress by changing cytomembrane phospholipids, sterols and fatty acids. More interestingly, atg22 deletion increases intracellular amino acids to aid yeast cells for tackling amino acid starvation and intracellular acidification. Further, atg22 deletion upregulates series of stress response genes expression such as heat shock protein family, cell wall integrity and autophagy.

Conclusions
The findings show that Atg22p possessed the new function related to cell resistance to Ac. This may help us have a deeper understanding of PCD induced by Ac and provide a new strategy to improve Ac resistance in designing industrial yeast strains for bioethanol production during lignocellulosic biofuel fermentation.
Screening for functional IRESes using α-complementation system of β-galactosidase in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Huang Yide , Zhang Yafei , Li Suhuan , Lin Ting , Wu Jingwen , Lin Yao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPichia pastorisis becoming a promising chassis cell for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology after its whole genome and transcriptome sequenced. However, the current systems for multigene co-expression inP. pastorisare not efficient. The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) has an ability to recruit the ribosome to initiate protein synthesis by cap-independent translation manner. This study seeks to screen IRES sequences that are functional inP. pastoris, which will allowP. pastoristo express multiple proteins in a single mRNA and increase its efficacy as a platform for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.ResultsIn order to efficiently screen the IRES sequences, we first set out to create a screening system usingLacZgene. Due to the cryptic transcription of theLacZgene, we established the α-complementation system of β-galactosidase inP. pastoriswith the optimum length of the α-complementing peptide at ~ 92 amino acids. The optimal α-complementing peptide was then used as the second reporter to screen IRESes in the engineered GS115 expressing the corresponding ω-peptide. A total of 34 reported IRESes were screened. After ruling out all false positive or negative IRESes, only seven IRESes were functional inP. pastoris, which were from TEV, PVY, RhPV, TRV, KSHV, crTMV viruses and the 5′-UTR of theYAP1gene ofS. cerevisiae.ConclusionsWe showed here that α-complementation also works inP. pastorisand it can be used in a variety of in vivo studies. The functional IRESes screened in this study can be used to introduce multiple genes intoP. pastorisvia a prokaryotic-like polycistronic manner, which provided new efficient tools for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology researches inP. pastoris.
Two-year longitudinal survey reveals high genetic diversity of Schistosoma mansoni with adult worms surviving praziquantel treatment at the start of mass drug administration in Uganda
Authors: Faust Christina L. , Crotti Marco , Moses Arinaitwe , Oguttu David , Wamboko Aidah , Adriko Moses , Adekanle Elizabeth K. , Kabatereine Narcis , Tukahebwa Edridah M. , Norton Alice J. , Gower Charlotte M. , Webster Joanne P. , Lamberton Poppy H. L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
A key component of schistosomiasis control is mass drug administration with praziquantel. While control interventions have been successful in several endemic regions, mass drug administration has been less effective in others. Here we focus on the impact of repeated praziquantel treatment on the population structure and genetic diversity of Schistosoma mansoni.

Methods
We examined S. mansoni epidemiology, population genetics, and variation in praziquantel susceptibility in parasites isolated from children across three primary schools in a high endemicity region at the onset of the Ugandan National Control Programme. Children were sampled at 11 timepoints over two years, including one week and four weeks post-praziquantel treatment to evaluate short-term impacts on clearance and evidence of natural variation in susceptibility to praziquantel.

Results
Prevalence of S. mansoni was 85% at baseline. A total of 3576 miracidia larval parasites, isolated from 203 individual children, were genotyped at seven loci. Overall, genetic diversity was high and there was low genetic differentiation, indicating high rates of parasite gene flow. Schistosome siblings were found both pre-treatment and four weeks post-treatment, demonstrating adult worms surviving treatment and natural praziquantel susceptibility variation in these populations at the beginning of mass drug administration. However, we did not find evidence for selection on these parasites. While genetic diversity decreased in the short-term (four weeks post-treatment), diversity did not decrease over the entire period despite four rounds of mass treatment. Furthermore, within-host genetic diversity was affected by host age, host sex, infection intensity and recent praziquantel treatment.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that praziquantel treatments have short-term impacts on these parasite populations but impacts were transient and no long-term reduction in genetic diversity was observed. High gene flow reduces the likelihood of local adaptation, so even though parasites surviving treatment were observed, these were likely to be diluted at the beginning of the Ugandan National Control Programme. Together, these results suggest that MDA in isolation may be insufficient to reduce schistosome populations in regions with high genetic diversity and gene flow.
Bats and ticks: host selection and seasonality of bat-specialist ticks in eastern Europe
Authors: Sándor Attila D. , Corduneanu Alexandra , Péter Áron , Mihalca Andrei Daniel , Barti Levente , Csősz István , Szőke Krisztina , Hornok Sándor 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Parasites may actively seek for hosts and may use a number of adaptive strategies to promote their reproductive success and host colonization. These strategies will necessarily influence their host specificity and seasonality. Ticks are important ectoparasites of vertebrates, which (in addition to directly affecting their hosts) may transmit a number of pathogens. In Europe, three hard tick species (Ixodidae: Ixodes ariadnae, I. simplex and I. vespertilionis) and at least two soft tick species (Argasidae: Argas transgariepinus and A. vespertilionis) are specialized for bats.

Methods
Here we report data on the host range of these ticks and the seasonality of tick infestation on wild caught bats in south-east Europe. We collected 1803 ticks from 30 species of bats living in underground shelters (caves and mines) from Romania and Bulgaria. On the basis of tick–host associations, we tested several hypotheses on host–parasite evolutionary adaptations regulating host specificity, seasonality and sympatric speciation.

Results
We observed significant differences in host specificity and seasonality of abundance between the morphologically different bat specialist ticks (I. simplex and I. vespertilionis) likely caused by their host choice and their respective host-seeking behavior. The two highly generalist, but morphologically similar tick species (I. ariadnae and I. vespertilionis) showed temporal differences in occurrence and activity, thus exploiting significantly different host communities while occurring in geographical sympatry.

Conclusions
We conclude that bat-specialist ticks show a wide range of adaptations to their hosts, with differences in specificity, seasonality of occurrence, the prevalence and intensity of infestation and all these contribute to a successful division of temporal niches of ticks sharing morphologically similar hosts occurring in geographical sympatry.
Zoonotic parasites of dromedary camels: so important, so ignored
Authors: Sazmand Alireza , Joachim Anja , Otranto Domenico 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith a global population of about 35 million in 47 countries, dromedary camels play a crucial role in the economy of many marginal, desert areas of the world where they survive under harsh conditions. Nonetheless, there is scarce knowledge regarding camelsʼ parasite fauna which can reduce their milk and meat productions. In addition, only scattered information is available about zoonotic parasites transmitted to humansviacontamination (e.g.Cryptosporidiumspp.,Giardia duodenalis,Balantidium coli,Blastocystisspp. andEnterocytozoon bieneusi), as foodborne infections (e.g.Toxoplasma gondii,Trichinellaspp. andLinguatula serrata) or by arthropod vectors (Trypanosomaspp.). Herein, we draw attention of the scientific community and health policy-making organizations to the role camels play in the epidemiology of parasitic zoonotic diseases also in the view of an increase in their farming in desert areas worldwide.
Cardiac ultrasound in resource-limited settings (CURLS): towards a wider use of basic echo applications in Africa
Authors: Huson Michaëla A. M. , Kaminstein Dan , Kahn Daniel , Belard Sabine , Ganesh Prakash , Kandoole-Kabwere Vanessa , Wallrauch Claudia , Phiri Sam , Kreuels Benno , Heller Tom 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Point-of-care ultrasound is increasingly being used as a diagnostic tool in resource-limited settings. The majority of existing ultrasound protocols have been developed and implemented in high-resource settings. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), patients with heart failure of various etiologies commonly present late in the disease process, with a similar syndrome of dyspnea, edema and cardiomegaly on chest X-ray. The causes of heart failure in SSA differ from those in high-resource settings. Point-of-care ultrasound has the potential to identify the underlying etiology of heart failure, and lead to targeted therapy. Based on a literature review and weighted score of disease prevalence, diagnostic impact and difficulty in performing the ultrasound, we propose a context-specific cardiac ultrasound protocol to help differentiate patients presenting with heart failure in SSA.

Results
Pericardial effusion, dilated cardiomyopathy, cor pulmonale, mitral valve disease, and left ventricular hypertrophy were identified as target conditions for a focused ultrasound protocol in patients with cardiac failure and cardiomegaly in SSA. By utilizing a simplified 5-question approach with all images obtained from the subxiphoid view, the protocol is suitable for use by health care professionals with limited ultrasound experience.

Conclusions
The “Cardiac ultrasound for resource-limited settings (CURLS)” protocol is a context-specific algorithm designed to aid the clinician in diagnosing the five most clinically relevant etiologies of heart failure and cardiomegaly in SSA. The protocol has the potential to influence treatment decisions in patients who present with clinical signs of heart failure in resource-limited settings outside of the traditional referral institutions.
Addressing the deprived: need and access of sexual reproductive health services to street adolescents in Ethiopia. The case of Nekemte town: mixed methods study
Authors: Ababor Abdo Abazinab , Tesso Desalegn Wirtu , Cheme Melese Chego 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objectives
Globally, the research knowledge gap exists in the sexual reproductive health (SRH) services of street adolescents. The intensity of the problem is high in settings like Ethiopia, where there are limited access and integration of services. This study aimed at exploring risky sexual behaviors, needs, and barriers of SRH services among street adolescents in Nekemte town. A community-based cross-sectional study design with mixed approaches was used on a sample size of 219 street adolescents. Supplementary qualitative data of 24 in-depth interviews were collected from the street adolescents and SRH service providers. Time-location sampling or venue sampling technique (VDT) was used for a quantitative study. Quantitative data were analyzed by SPSS version 24.0.

Results
About 93% of street adolescents reported difficulty in accessing contraceptives. Behavioral change and sustainable access to SRH services are lacking among street adolescents. The Knowledge gap is more evident in early adolescents (10–13) period than the other classes. In general, street adolescents are deprived of access to SRH services. Mobile and flexible access to contraceptives should be designed targeting street adolescents.
The effect of childhood trauma, ApoE genotype and HIV-1 viral protein R variants on change in cognitive performance
Authors: Womersley Jacqueline S. , Clauss Lara B. , Varathan Olivette , Engelbrecht Susan , Hemmings Sian M. J. , Seedat Soraya , Spies Georgina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective
Gene–environment interactions contribute to the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. We examined whether childhood trauma, apolipoprotein E isoforms and viral protein R (Vpr) variants were associated with change in cognitive performance. Seventy-three seropositive women completed neuropsychological assessments at baseline and 1-year follow-up. We conducted genetic analyses using DNA obtained from blood and calculated risk scores based on Vpr amino acid 37, 41 and 55 variants that were previously associated with cognitive performance.

Results
Global cognitive scores declined significantly over the 1-year study period (p = 0.029). A reduction in global cognitive scores was associated with childhood trauma experience (p = 0.039).
Robust proactive eavesdropping in UAV-enabled wireless communication networking
Authors: Wu Wei , Wang Yujing , Mo Jianlin , Liu Jian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we considered a robust beamforming design problem for a proactive eavesdropping via jamming, in which a full-duplex legitimate monitor tries to eavesdrop on a suspicious communication link between the secondary pairs in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled cognitive radio network. Due to the channel estimation errors, we assume that the channel state information is not perfectly known. To ensure the successful eavesdropping, jamming signals are designed to disrupt the suspicious receivers and the primary receiver at the same time, which should have the good tradeoff between those two effects. We aimed to maximize the achievable eavesdropping rate under the transmitting power constraint at the legitimate monitor and the interference temperature constraint at the primary receiver, which was formulated as a non-convex problem with infinite constraints. We firstly transform the original problem into a simplified one with finite constraints. Then, an analytical solution in significant low-complexity is proposed by decomposing the simplified problem. Numerical results are finally presented to evaluate the performance of our proposed schemes in UAV-enabled wireless communication networking.
Preference corrections: capturing student and instructor perceptions in educational recommendations
Authors: Zheng Yong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecommender systems (RS) have been applied in the area of educations to recommend formal and informal learning materials, after-school programs or online courses. In the traditional RS, the receiver of the recommendations is the only stakeholder, but other stakeholders may be involved in the environment. Take educations for example, not only the preference of the student, but also the perspective of other stakeholders (e.g., instructors, parents, publishers, etc) may be important in the process of recommendations. Multi-stakeholder recommender systems (MSRS) were recently proposed to balance the needs of multiple stakeholders in the recommender systems. We use course project recommendations as a case study, and the perspectives of both students and instructors will be considered in our work. However, students and instructors may have different perceptions on the technical difficulty of the projects. In this paper, we particularly focus on the solution of preference corrections which can be used to capture different perceptions of students and instructors in the multi-stakeholder educational recommendations.
Leaves as dining plates, food wraps and food packing material: Importance of renewable resources in Indian culture
Authors: Kora Aruna Jyothi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The disposable plates made up of plastics such as polythene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, etc. pose health risks due to the release of toxic chemicals; bisphenol A, melamine, vinyl chloride, and phthalates. The usage of disposable plasticware not only depletes fossil fuels but also causes microplastics pollution. Thus, thrust has been shifted to utilization of disposable plates made from plant leaves, which are renewable, biodegradable, and enriched with antioxidants and medicinal values.

Results
In India, serving food on leaf dining plates is a long-standing tradition with its own cultural, religious, medicinal, and socioeconomic significance. The leaf plate stitching is a livelihood activity for tribal people in Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana states of India. The leaves and leaf plates are used for offering naivedyam to god during worship and distribution of prasadam to devotees. They are extensively used for serving food during marriages, religious festivals, community feasts, etc. The leaves from a vast variety of plants are used as dining plates, food wraps during steam cooking, grilling and frying of various dishes, and food packing material in India.

Conclusions
The biodegradable leaf plates have vast potential in international market, which should meet in terms of quality and design. To sustain the practice of using leaf plates and discourage plastic plates; necessary regulations should be imposed by the government and monitored through local governing bodies. In addition, school children and college students should be educated and motivated to realize the importance.
Strand thinning of Khadrawi date palm cultivar in relation to yield and fruit quality
Authors: Moustafa A. R. , Abdel-Hamid N. , Abd El-Hamid A. , El-Sonbaty M. R. , Abd El-Naby S. K. M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
This experiment was carried out during 2015 and 2016 seasons to investigate the effect of strand thinning treatments by removing 15 and 30% of the total number of strands from the bunch center after 8 weeks from pollination (kimri stage) on productivity and fruit quality of Khadrawi date palm cultivar compared to the control (without thinning).

Results
The present results indicated that strand thinning by removing 30% of the total number of strands gave the lowest bunch weight and yield per palm compared to thinning 15% and control treatments during the two seasons of study. Also, removing 30% of the total number of strands improved some physical properties, i.e., fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit length, and fruit diameter than control in both seasons. All strand thinning treatments improved some chemical properties such as TSS %, total sugars %, and reducing sugars % than control (without thinning). However, both 15 and 30% strand thinning treatments had no significant effect on nonreducing sugars %, total acidity %, and tannins content in the two studied seasons.

Conclusion
From the obtained results, it was revealed that application of thinning treatment by removing 15 or 30% of the total number of strands from bunch center improved some physical and chemical properties of Khadrawi date palm fruits although there are no significant differences found between strand thinning at 15% and control during the second season.
Chapter F of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants as approved by the 11th International Mycological Congress, San Juan, Puerto Rico, July 2018
Authors: May Tom W. , Redhead Scott A. , Bensch Konstanze , Hawksworth David L. , Lendemer James , Lombard Lorenzo , Turland Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA revised version of Chapter F of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants is presented, incorporating amendments approved by the Fungal Nomenclature Session of the 11th International Mycological Congress held in San Juan, Puerto Rico in July 2018. The process leading to the amendments is outlined. Key changes in the San Juan Chapter F are (1) removal of option to use a colon to indicate the sanctioned status of a name, (2) introduction of correctability for incorrectly cited identifiers of names and typifications, and (3) introduction of option to use name identifiers in place of author citations. Examples have been added to aid the interpretation of new Articles and Recommendations, and Examples have also been added to the existing Art. F.3.7 concerning the protection extended to new combinations based on sanctioned names or basionyms of sanctioned names (which has been re-worded), and to Art. F.3.9 concerning typification of names accepted in the sanctioning works.
Flavanones from Sorghum bicolor selectively inhibit COX-2: in-silico and in-vivo validation
Authors: Akinloye O. Adeboye , Metibemu D. Samuel , Akinloye D. Ibukun , Onigbinde S. Bamidele , Olaosebikan I. Abigail , Florence Ogunnowo , Damilola Bashorun , Bolarinwa O. Adeola , Olubunmi Olaromilorun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
COX-2-specific inhibitors offer improved advantages over traditional NSAIDs. Plants are known to play critical roles in the discovery and developments of new pharmaceuticals. To the best of our knowledge, nothing has been reported so far on the selective inhibition of the cyclooxygenase by flavanones. The present study aims at evaluating the selective inhibition of COX-1 and/or COX-2 by flavanones from Sorghum bicolor.

Results
Flavanones demonstrate selective inhibition of COX-2 through the formation of hydrogen bonds. Eriodictyol forms two hydrogen bonds interactions (Tyr-371 and Ser-516) within the active site of COX-2, while it forms only one hydrogen bond (Met-521) with COX-1. Sorghum bicolor flavanone extract (SBFE) demonstrate hepatoprotective potentials by augmenting the antioxidant defense system of the liver and downregulate the expression of COX-2 while ineffective against COX-1. Histopathological analyses show that SBFE is effective in the prevention of HCl/ethanol-induced gastric injury in Wistar rats.

Conclusions
The side effects associated with current NSAIDs are as a result of selective inhibition of COX-1. Flavanones are potential selective inhibitors of COX-2. Sorghum bicolor flavanone extract (SBFE) demonstrates its anti-inflammatory potential through selective inhibition of COX-2. The virtual high throughput screening techniques adopted herein could help eradicate the corresponding rigors of identifying lead bioactive(s) components of plants.

Graphical abstract