bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I Would Kill the Director and Teachers in the School” Cyberbullying of Hunters in Poland
Authors: Matulewska Aleksandra , Gwiazdowicz Dariusz J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to focus on cyberbullying (Donegan in Elon J Undergrad Res Commun 3(1):33–42, 2012) affecting the community of hunters in Poland. The investigation reveals that linguistic aggression pervades more and more spheres of our lives and the Internet, which gives anonymity and physical distance, is the main forum of cyberbullying. The researchers investigate the material gathered from websites such as “Ludzie przeciw myśliwym” [Humans against hunters], hunting-related blogs and Facebook sites devoted to hunting and related to persons who are known to be hunters (e.g. spokesmen of the Polish Hunting Association). The problem of the stereotypical perception of hunting is also raised (Bartmiński and Chlebda in Etnolingwistyka 25:69–95, 2003. https://doi.org/10.17951/et.2013.25.69). The issues of prejudice, stereotyping and lack of knowledge result in the possibility of inciting people to cyberbully others. People brought up in cities, far away from nature, are easily convinced to attack other groups which they perceive as deviant (Bartmiński and Chlebda 2003). The verbal aggression deeply rooted in stereotypes and prejudice based on limited knowledge of nature, overly idealistic and naïve worldviews becomes more and more widespread. Therefore, the authors intend to provide some insight into the problem of cyberbullying of hunters in Poland in order to find the patterns of that activity from socio-semiotic perspective analyzing verbal signs and symbols used to justify that sort of behaviour as well as socio-linguistic perspective concerning the usage of emotion-loaded language. Additionally psycho-linguistic issues will be touched upon as well as the problem of shaping the image of hunters by media will be discussed.
Molecular oxides of high-valent actinides
Authors: Kovács Attila 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe past decade has been very productive in the field of actinide (An) oxides containing high-valent An. Novel gas-phase experimental and an impressive number of theoretical studies have been performed, mostly on pure oxides or oxides extended with other ligands. The review covers the structural properties of molecular An oxides with high (An≥V) oxidation states. The presented compounds include the actinide dioxide cations [AnO2]+ and [AnO2]2+, neutral and ionic AnOx (x = 3–6), oxides with more than one An atom like neutral dimers, trimers and dimers from cation–cation interactions, as well as large U-oxide clusters observed very recently in the gaseous phase.
The Holmesian logician: Sherlock Holmes’ “Science of Deduction and Analysis” and the logic of discovery
Authors: Genot Emmanuel J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper examines whether Sherlock Holmes’ “Science of Deduction and Analysis,” as reconstructed by Hintikka and Hintikka (in: Eco U, Sebeok TA (eds) The sign of three: Peirce, Dupin, Holmes, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1983), exemplifies a logic of discovery. While the Hintikkas claimed it does, their approach remained largely programmatic, and ultimately unsuccessful. Their reconstruction must thus be expanded, in particular to account for the role of memory in inquiry. Pending this expansion, the Hintikkas’ claim is vindicated. However, a tension between the naturalistic aspirations of their model and the formal apparatus they built it on is identified. The paper concludes on suggestions for easing this tension without losing the normative component of the Hintikkas’ epistemological model.
Gambling Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among European Regular Sports Bettors: An Empirical Study Using Behavioral Tracking Data
Authors: Auer Michael , Malischnig Doris , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had major impacts on most societies worldwide including the cancelation and postponement of sports events. This has had a major impact on the sports betting industry. The present study is first to investigate the behavior of a sample of online sports bettors before and after COVID-19 measures were put in place by European governments. The authors were given access to the player data by a large European online gambling operator comprising players from Sweden, Germany, Finland, and Norway. The behavioral change of the sports bettors before March 7 and after March 7 (2020) was computed. All sports bettors who placed at least one wager in at least 5 calendar weeks out of the 10 possible calendar weeks between January 1 and March 7 (n = 5396) were included in the analysis. Results showed statistically significant reductions among sports bettors wagering in online casinos. This indicates that there was no conversion of money spent from sports betting to online casino games, at least for this particular online gambling operator. The findings suggest that there was a significant decrease in the amount of money wagered by sports bettors during the COVID-19 pandemic (compared with before it) and that sports bettors did not switch to playing more online casino games and that there was also a significant reduction in playing online casino games among sports bettors.
Mean-variance efficiency of optimal power and logarithmic utility portfolios
Authors: Bodnar Taras , Ivasiuk Dmytro , Parolya Nestor , Schmid Wolfgang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe derive new results related to the portfolio choice problem for power and logarithmic utilities. Assuming that the portfolio returns follow an approximate log-normal distribution, the closed-form expressions of the optimal portfolio weights are obtained for both utility functions. Moreover, we prove that both optimal portfolios belong to the set of mean-variance feasible portfolios and establish necessary and sufficient conditions such that they are mean-variance efficient. Furthermore, we extend the derived theoretical finding to the general class of the log-skew-normal distributions. Finally, an application to the stock market is presented and the behaviour of the optimal portfolio is discussed for different values of the relative risk aversion coefficient. It turns out that the assumption of log-normality does not seem to be a strong restriction.
Persons and Genes. Is a Gene-Centered Evolutionary Psychology Compatible with a Person-Oriented Approach to Psychological Science?
Authors: Lundh Lars-Gunnar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAccording to Zagaria et al. (2020), evolutionary psychology may be the meta-theory that is needed if psychological science is to enter a paradigmatic stage. Other writers have suggested that what is needed is a person-oriented approach, which focuses on the person as a complex system that needs to be studied (1) as a whole (holism), (2) as an intentional agent in interaction with its environment (interactionism), and (3) in terms of his or her individual characteristics and development (idiographic focus). The purpose of the present paper is to discuss the compatibility of these two suggestions. A brief analysis of some formulations central to Dawkins’ gene-centered approach (e.g., “the intricate interdependence of genes”, and the dependence of genes on their environment) suggests that it is quite compatible with holism and interactionism; and applications such as genetic genealogy illustrate the possibility of a person-oriented genetics. It is argued that these two perspectives are not only compatible, but also complementary. Without a complement in the form of a person-oriented perspective, a gene-centered evolutionary psychology will at best be able to produce a general understanding of the psychological potentials that inhere in the human gene pool. It will not, however, lead to any understanding of the unique profiles of psychological potentials that are produced by a re-combination of autosomal DNA at the origin of each specific individual person, and that develop over time in interaction with the environment. The latter requires that the gene-centered view is complemented with a person-oriented approach.
Multifunctional Material Composed of Cesium Salt of Keggin-Type Heteropolytungstate and PtRh/Vulcan Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Oxidation of 2-Propanol in Acidic Medium
Authors: Zakrzewska Barbara , Jakubów-Piotrowska Katarzyna , Gralec Barbara , Kowalewska Barbara , Miecznikowski Krzysztof 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlatinum–rhodium nanoparticles modified with cesium salt of phosphotungstic acid, CsPTA, have been tested for electro-oxidation of 2-propanol in acidic medium. The resulting Pt-based nanoparticle-containing materials have been carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and different electrochemical techniques combining with differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). The experimental results such as cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry exhibit that films on carbon electrodes composed of CsPTA-modified PtRh/Vulcan nanoparticles improve the catalytic activity, in terms of potential and current densities recorded during electro-oxidation of 2-propanol, relative to the CsPTA-free PtRh/Vulcan nanoparticles. Particularly, the boost in the catalytic current densities is observed at low potential value (below 0.25 V vs. RHE). The differential electrochemical mass spectrometry measurements were utilized to recognize the reaction intermediates as well as products created during the electro-oxidation of 2-propanol. The results indicate that contributions from a straightforward oxidation of 2-propanol to CO2 are small in comparison to acetone yield.
Behavioral Health and Response for COVID-19
Authors: Hansel Tonya Cross , Saltzman Leia Y. , Bordnick Patrick S. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTResearch from financial stress, disasters, pandemics, and other extreme events, suggests that behavioral health will suffer, including anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Furthermore, these symptoms are likely to exacerbate alcohol or drug use, especially for those vulnerable to relapse. The nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and vast reach of the virus, leave many unknows for the repercussions on behavioral health, yet existing research suggests that behavioral health concerns should take a primary role in response to the pandemic. We propose a 4-step services system designed for implementation with a variety of different groups and reserves limited clinical services for the most extreme reactions. While we can expect symptoms to remit overtime, many will also have longer-term or more severe concerns. Behavioral health interventions will likely need to change overtime and different types of interventions should be considered for different target groups, such as for those who recover from COVID-19, health-care professionals, and essential personnel; and the general public either due to loss of loved ones or significant life disruption. The important thing is to have a systematic plan to support behavioral health and to engage citizens in prevention and doing their part in recovery by staying home and protecting others.
Prescriber perceptions of fluoroquinolones, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Szymczak Julia E. , Muller Brandi M. , Shakamuri Nikitha Shankar , Hamilton Keith W. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Laguio-Vila Maryrose , Dumyati Ghinwa K. , Fridkin Scott K. , Guh Alice Y. , Reddy Sujan C. , Lautenbach Ebbing ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground:Fluoroquinolones (FQs) and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) are associated with higher risk of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Decreasing the unnecessary use of FQs and ESCs is a goal of antimicrobial stewardship. Understanding how prescribers perceive the risks and benefits of FQs and ESCs is needed.Methods:We conducted interviews with clinicians from 4 hospitals. Interviews elicited respondent perceptions about the risk of ESCs, FQs, and CDI. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a flexible coding approach.Results:Interviews were conducted with 64 respondents (38 physicians, 7 nurses, 6 advance practice providers, and 13 pharmacists). ESCs and FQs were perceived to have many benefits, including infrequent dosing, breadth of coverage, and greater patient adherence after hospital discharge. Prescribers stated that it was easy to make decisions about these drugs, so they were especially appealing to use in the context of time pressures. They described having difficulty discontinuing these drugs when prescribed by others due to inertia and fear. Prescribers were skeptical about targeting specific drugs as a stewardship approach and felt that the risk of a negative outcome from under treatment of a suspected bacterial infection was a higher priority than the prevention of CDI.Conclusions:Prescribers in this study perceived many advantages to using ESCs and FQs, especially under conditions of time pressure and uncertainty. In making decisions about these drugs, prescribers balance risk and benefit, and they believed that the risk of CDI was acceptable in compared with the risk of undertreatment.
Hearing loss and employment: a systematic review of the association between hearing loss and employment among adults
Authors: Shan A , Ting J S , Price C , Goman A M , Willink A , Reed N S , Nieman C L 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHearing loss affects over 1.3 billion individuals worldwide, with the greatest burden among adults. Little is known regarding the association between adult-onset hearing loss and employment.MethodsSeven databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ABI/Inform Collection, Business Source Ultimate, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched through to October 2018. The key word terms used related to hearing loss and employment, excluding paediatric or congenital hearing loss and deaf or culturally deaf populations.ResultsThe initial search resulted in 13 144 articles. A total of 7494 articles underwent title and abstract screening, and 243 underwent full-text review. Twenty-five articles met the inclusion criteria. Studies were set in 10 predominantly high-income countries. Seven of the 25 studies analysed regionally or nationally representative datasets and controlled for key variables. Six of these seven studies reported associations between hearing loss and employment.ConclusionThe highest quality studies currently available indicate that adult-onset hearing loss is associated with unemployment. However, considerable heterogeneity exists, and more rigorous studies that include low- and middle-income countries are needed.
The 12-month prevalence of psychotic experiences and their association with clinical outcomes in Hong Kong: an epidemiological and a 2-year follow up studies
Authors: Chan Sherry Kit Wa , Lee Kaspar Kit Wai , Chan Veronica Hei Yan , Pang Herbert H. , Wong Corine Sau Man , Hui Christy Lai Ming , Chang Wing Chung , Lee Edwin Ho Ming , Chan Wai Chi , Cheung Eric Fuk Chi , Chiu Helen Fung Kum , Chiang Tin Po , Lam Ming , Lau Joseph Tak Fai , Ng Roger Man King , Hung Se Fong , Lam Linda Chiu Wa , Chen Eric Yu Hai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between the subtypes of psychotic experiences (PEs) and common mental health symptoms remains unclear. The current study aims to establish the 12-month prevalence of PEs in a representative sample of community-dwelling Chinese population in Hong Kong and explore the relationship of types of PEs and common mental health symptoms.MethodThis is a population-based two-phase household survey of Chinese population in Hong Kong aged 16–75 (N = 5719) conducted between 2010 and 2013 and a 2-year follow-up study of PEs positive subjects (N = 152). PEs were measured with Psychosis Screening Questionnaire (PSQ) and subjects who endorsed any item on the PSQ without a clinical diagnosis of psychotic disorder were considered as PE-positive. Types of PEs were characterized using a number of PEs (single v. multiple) and latent class analysis. All PE-positive subjects were assessed with common mental health symptoms and suicidal ideations at baseline and 2-year follow-up. PE status was also assessed at 2-year follow-up.ResultsThe 12-month prevalence of PEs in Hong Kong was 2.7% with 21.1% had multiple PEs. Three latent classes of PEs were identified: hallucination, paranoia and mixed. Multiple PEs and hallucination latent class of PEs were associated with higher levels of common mental health symptoms. PE persistent rate at 2-year follow-up was 15.1%. Multiple PEs was associated with poorer mental health at 2-year follow-up.ConclusionsResults highlighted the transient and heterogeneous nature of PEs, and that multiple PEs and hallucination subtype of PEs may be specific indices of poorer common mental health.
The structure of psychopathology and association with poor sleep, self-harm, suicidality, risky sexual behavior, and low self-esteem in a population sample of adolescents
Authors: Sunderland Matthew , Forbes Miriam K. , Mewton Louise , Baillie Andrew , Carragher Natacha , Lynch Samantha J. , Batterham Philip J. , Calear Alison L. , Chapman Cath , Newton Nicola C. , Teesson Maree , Slade Tim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is a growing body of evidence highlighting the presence of a single general dimension of psychopathology that can account for multiple associations across mental and substance use disorders. However, relatively little evidence has emerged regarding the validity of this model with respect to a range of factors that have been previously implicated across multiple disorders. The current study utilized a cross-sectional population survey of adolescents (n = 2,003) to examine the extent to which broad psychopathology factors account for specific associations between psychopathology and key validators: poor sleep, self-harm, suicidality, risky sexual behavior, and low self-esteem. Confirmatory factor models, latent class models, and factor mixture models were estimated to identify the best structure of psychopathology. Structural equation models were then estimated to examine the broad and specific associations between each psychopathology indicator and the validators. A confirmatory factor model with three lower-order factors, representing internalizing, externalizing, and psychotic-like experiences, and a single higher-order factor evidenced the best fit. The associations between manifest indicators of psychopathology and validators were largely nonspecific. However, significant and large direct effects were found between several pairwise associations. These findings have implications for the identification of potential targets for intervention and/or tailoring of prevention programs.
Food insecurity and low access to high-quality food for preconception women in Nepal: the importance of household relationships
Authors: Diamond-Smith Nadia , Shieh Jacqueline , Puri Mahesh , Weiser Sheri 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:Women in South Asia, including Nepal, have some of the poorest nutritional indicators globally, leading to poor maternal and child health outcomes. Nepal also suffers from high levels of household food insecurity, and newly married women are at high risk. Intra-household relationships may mediate the relationship between food insecurity and women’s nutrition in Nepal for newly married women. Our aim is to understand how newly married, preconception, women’s food consumption changes when she enters her husband’s home, compared with her natal home. We also explore whether relationship quality with husbands and mothers-in-law mediates the association between food insecurity and eating less high-quality food, using structural equation modelling.Design:Cross-sectional survey data.Setting:Rural Nepal in 2018.Participants:Data were collected from 200 newly married, preconception women.Results:Women had poor diet quality, and most ate fewer high-quality foods important for pregnancy in their marital, compared with natal, home. Higher quality relationships with mothers-in-laws mediated the association between food insecurity and a woman eating fewer high-quality foods in her marital, compared with natal, home. Relationship quality with husbands was not associated with changes in food consumption.Conclusions:Preconception, newly married women in Nepal are eating less high-quality foods important for women’s health during the preconception period – a key period for avoiding adverse maternal and infant health outcomes. Relationships with mothers-in-law are key to women’s access to high-quality food, suggesting that interventions aiming to improve maternal and child nutrition should target all household members.
Radiotherapy in Merkel cell carcinoma of facial skin with lymph node recurrence
Authors: Gong Soo Jung , Shim Su Jung 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine tumour. Although surgical resection is a treatment choice, it often occurs in the head and neck and occurs mainly in the elderly, making surgery impossible. Radical radiation therapy may be an alternative to surgery in these patients. In addition, radiation treatment may be performed even after recurrence after surgery.Methods:An 82-year-old MCC patient had cT2N0M0, stage IIA MCC on the left cheek that metastasised to lymph node 2 months after surgery. She was treated with radiation monotherapy with a hypofractionation schedule (39 Gy at 3 Gy per fraction).Results:The patient achieved complete remission after radiotherapy without severe toxicities.
The Pervasive Problem of Special Economic Zones for International Economic Law: Tax, Investment, and Trade Issues
Authors: Chaisse Julien , Ji Xueliang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpecial Economic Zones (SEZs) have been a huge success and brought a great number of benefits to the whole world. With different kinds of incentives, SEZs have created favorable conditions in order to attract foreign investors. In this article, several specific issues are considered. First, whether SEZs are legal under international economic law (IEL). Second, what kind of specific issues they raise under IEL. Thirdly, what measures governments can take in order not to be challenged. The first section illustrates the definition of SEZs and their rapid development; the second section will consider the interaction between SEZs and international tax law, especially the base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) Action 5; the third section focuses on the relationship between SEZs and investment agreements and the disputes raised as a consequence; the fourth section will talk about SEZs and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as some incentives used by SEZs may not be compatible with WTO regulations. The article shows that SEZs can be harmful. For one thing, tax incentives applied in SEZs may lead to tax evasion, and the competitive circumstances between states may be changed. For another thing, the frequent changes of policies in SEZs may result in indirect expropriation, and investor-state arbitration under investment treaties can be used by foreign investors to protect their SEZ-related benefits. In addition, although WTO rules do not explicitly regulate SEZs, a number of measures, such as subsidies, do fall under the ambit of WTO rules, and these measures cannot be discriminatory.