bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosome-level genome assembly of Tarim red deer, Cervus elaphus yarkandensis
Authors: Ba Hengxing , Cai Zexi , Gao Haoyang , Qin Tao , Liu Wenyuan , Xie Liuwei , Zhang Yaolei , Jing Binyu , Wang Datao , Li Chunyi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTarim red deer (Cervus elaphus yarkandensis) is the only subspecies of red deer (of 22 subspecies) from Central Asia. This species is a desert dweller of the Tarim Basin of southern Xinjiang, China, and exhibits some unique adaptations to the dry and extreme hot climate. We report here the assembly of a Tarim red deer genome employing a 10X Genomics library, termed CEY_v1. Our genome consisted of 2.6 Gb with contig N50 and scaffold N50 of 275.5 Kb and 31.7 Mb, respectively. Around 96% of the assembled sequences were anchored onto 34 chromosomes based on the published high-quality red deer genetic linkage map. More than 94% BUSCOs complete genes (including 90.5% single and 3.6% duplicated ones) were detected in the CEY_v1 and 20,653 genes were annotated. The CEY_v1 is expected to contribute to comparative analysis of genome biology, to evolutionary studies within Cervidae, and to facilitating investigation of mechanisms underlying adaptation of this species to the extreme dry and hot climate.
Serum adipokines/related inflammatory factors and ratios as predictors of infrapatellar fat pad volume in osteoarthritis: Applying comprehensive machine learning approaches
Authors: Bonakdari Hossein , Tardif Ginette , Abram François , Pelletier Jean-Pierre , Martel-Pelletier Johanne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective. The infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) has been associated with knee osteoarthritis onset and progression. This study uses machine learning (ML) approaches to predict serum levels of some adipokines/related inflammatory factors and their ratios on knee IPFP volume of osteoarthritis patients.Methods. Serum and MRI were from the OAI at baseline. Variables comprised the 3 main osteoarthritis risk factors (age, gender, BMI), 6 adipokines, 3 inflammatory factors, and their 36 ratios. IPFP volume was assessed on MRI with a ML methodology. The best variables and models were identified in Total-cohort (n = 678), High-BMI (n = 341) and Low-BMI (n = 337), using a selection approach based on ML methods. Results. The best model for each group included three risk factors and adipsin/C-reactive protein combined for Total-cohort, adipsin/chemerin; High-BMI, chemerin/adiponectin HMW; and Low-BMI, interleukin-8. Gender separation improved the prediction (13–16%) compared to the BMI-based models. Reproducibility with osteoarthritis patients from a clinical trial was excellent (R: female 0.83, male 0.95). Pseudocodes based on gender were generated.Conclusion. This study demonstrates for the first time that the combination of the serum levels of adipokines/inflammatory factors and the three main risk factors of osteoarthritis could predict IPFP volume with high reproducibility, with the superior performance of the model accounting for gender separation.
Noncontact evaluation of full elastic constants of perovskite MAPbBr3 via Photoacoustic eigen-spectrum analysis in one test
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liu Xiao-yu , Tao Chao , Xu Xiangxing , Liu Xiao-jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElasticity is one basic property of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. It highly relates to many fundamental processes in solid physics. The investigation of elasticity is of interest not only to explore the intrinsic properties of a material, but also to improve their potential application performance. In this study, we predict photoacoustic eigen-spectrum (PAES) of single crystal. Then by solving the inverse problem of the generation of PAES, we propose a noncontact method to determine a complete set of elastic constants of single crystal in one test. Experiments confirm the proposed method accurately determines all elastic constants of MAPbBr3. Since this method is totally noncontact and does not require multiple specimens cutting along different crystal axes, it could be more competent for rare, tiny and brittle specimen, or when the specimen is immersed in turbid or opaque medium. Benefitting from these superiorities, the proposed method might be found prominent values in materials science and applications.
Semaphorin 3 C is a Novel Adipokine Representing Exercise-Induced Improvements of Metabolism in Metabolically Healthy Obese Young Males
Authors: Nam Ji Sun , Ahn Chul Woo , Park Hye Jun , Kim Yu Sik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the endurance exercise-induced changes in lesser known adipokines (visfatin, chemerin, apelin, semaphorin 3 C) related to obesity and metabolism, and their correlations with the changes in the parameters of obesity and glucose homeostasis. Forty metabolically healthy obese young males were randomly assigned to control group (C, n = 12) or exercise group (Ex, n = 28). The subjects in Ex participated in a 8-week supervised endurance exercise training program, comprised of four sessions of treadmill running at 65–70% of VO2max per week. Serum levels of visfatin, chemerin, apelin, and semaphorin 3 C were significantly decreased in Ex. At baseline, apelin and semaphorin 3 C appeared to be correlated with obesity measures, including body mass index, % total fat and trunk fat, and waist circumference. Exercise-induced changes in these obesity measures significantly correlated with the changes in chemerin and semaphorin 3 C. Basal chemerin, apelin and semaphorin 3 C correlated with glucose homeostasis parameters, including fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and β-cell function, and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index to different extents. Furthermore, the changes in apelin and semaphorin 3 C well predicted the improvements in glycemic parameters. We suggest that semaphorin 3 C is a novel adipokine involved in pathophysiology of obesity and metabolism, and that it is a biomarker representing an exercise-induced improvement in metabolically healthy obese young males.
Effects of herbicides on non-target plant species diversity and the community composition of fallow fields in northern China
Authors: Qi Yue , Li Junsheng , Guan Xiao , Yan Bing , Fu Gang , He Jing , Du Leshan , Zhao Caiyun , Zhang Dun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite the important ecological and agricultural production value of fallow field vegetation in agricultural landscapes, it is often affected by herbicide drift and runoff from neighboring sprayed fields. However, little is known about the impact of herbicides on the non-target plant community of fallow fields. In this study, the plant community of fallow fields was investigated following annual sublethal exposure to atrazine or tribenuron-methyl by a 3-year (2014–2016) randomized block field study. The two herbicides both changed the species composition, reduced the number of plant species and the relative frequencies of some plants, and significantly reduced the Margalef species richness index and Shannon’s diversity index of the plant community in the fallow field. The effects of the two herbicides on species number and community composition were not consistent. The effects of herbicide doses less than the recommended field application concentration (RFAC) on the plant community composition and community diversity of the fallow field were not lower than the effects of the RFAC of the herbicides. Indeed, doses less than the RFAC had an even greater impact on the community diversity than the RFAC of the herbicides. As the number of years of herbicide application increased, the effects of the herbicides on the plant community diversity did not increase compared to the effects of the blank control, and the herbicides did not change the functional composition of the plant communities in the fallow field. Our results suggest that the ecological risks of herbicides, even at low concentrations, on non-target wild plant communities in agricultural landscapes should not be neglected in the development of practical plant diversity conservation strategies.
Magnetic field assisted high capacity durable Li-ion battery using magnetic α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles decorated expired drug derived N-doped carbon anode
Authors: Ganguly Dipsikha , V.S. Ajay Piriya , Ghosh Anamika , Ramaprabhu Sundara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe have synthesized a novel ferromagnetic material by coating α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with N-doped carbon matrix using a simple combustion method. Expired paracetamol drugs are used as nitrogen and carbon source. This α-Fe2O3/NC shows ferromagnetic property due to the incorporation of oxygen defects. When used as the Li-ion battery anode, α-Fe2O3/NC shows higher capacity compared to commercial α-Fe2O3 due to the occurrence of both intercalation and conversion reaction. Further, application of magnetic field at the anode of the freshly assembled cell at the first charge-discharge cycle, results in ~two-fold enhancement in specific capacity. For the cycled cell also, increase in the capacity from 80 mAh. g−1 to 150 mAh. g−1 at 5 A. g−1 is observed during the application of magnetic field at the 501st charging cycle. This improved performance is attributed to the field-dependent enhancement of diffusion and convection due to the magnetohydrodynamic effect. Further, application of the magnetic field at 1001st, 1501st and 1751st charging cycles shows improved LIB performance. We can show that not only the magnetic field, magnetic properties of the anode α-Fe2O3/NC also play a crucial role in influencing the battery performance. Moreover, utilization of expired drug helps in dramatically reducing pollution caused by its disposal.
Conventional MR and DW imaging findings of cerebellar primary CNS lymphoma: comparison with high-grade glioma
Authors: He Ye-Xin , Qu Chong-Xiao , He Yuan-Yan , Shao Jia , Gao Qiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrimary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) and high-grade gliomas (HGGs) arising in the cerebellum is extremely low, making the differential diagnosis difficult or even impossible. The purpose of this study was to define the MR features of cerebellar PCNSL in immunocompetent patients, and to determine whether a combination of conventional MR and DW imaging can assist in the differentiation of PCNSLs and HGGs. Twelve PCNSLs and 15 HGGs confirmed by pathological analysis were retrospectively identified. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and conventional MRI parameters were compared for differences between PCNSL and HGG groups using the independent sample t test or chi-square test. Both ADCmin and ADCtotal values were lower in the PCNSL group than those in the HGG group (ADCmin: 0.53 × 10−3 vs. 0.83 × 10−3 mm2/sec, P < 0.001; ADCtotal: 0.66 × 10−3 vs. 0.98 × 10−3 mm2/sec, P = 0.001). As for conventional MR features, there were significant difference in the tumor size, enhancement patterns, the presence of cystic changes, edema degree and streak-like edema (all P < 0.01); but there were no significant difference in lesion type, the presence of bleeding, and involvement of brain surface between two groups (P = 0.554, 0.657 and 0.157, respectively). The results revealed that several conventional MR features, including enhancement patterns, branch-like enhancement and streak-like edema may be useful for the differentiation of PCNSL and HGG in cerebellum and, when combined with ADC values, further improve the discriminating ability.
“Yes, but will it work for my patients?” Driving clinically relevant research with benchmark datasets
Authors: Panch Trishan , Pollard Tom J. , Mattie Heather , Lindemer Emily , Keane Pearse A. , Celi Leo Anthony 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBenchmark datasets have a powerful normative influence: by determining how the real world is represented in data, they define which problems will first be solved by algorithms built using the datasets and, by extension, who these algorithms will work for. It is desirable for these datasets to serve four functions: (1) enabling the creation of clinically relevant algorithms; (2) facilitating like-for-like comparison of algorithmic performance; (3) ensuring reproducibility of algorithms; (4) asserting a normative influence on the clinical domains and diversity of patients that will potentially benefit from technological advances. Without benchmark datasets that satisfy these functions, it is impossible to address two perennial concerns of clinicians experienced in computational research: “the data scientists just go where the data is rather than where the needs are,” and, “yes, but will this work for my patients?” If algorithms are to be developed and applied for the care of patients, then it is prudent for the research community to create benchmark datasets proactively, across specialties. As yet, best practice in this area has not been defined. Broadly speaking, efforts will include design of the dataset; compliance and contracting issues relating to the sharing of sensitive data; enabling access and reuse; and planning for translation of algorithms to the clinical environment. If a deliberate and systematic approach is not followed, not only will the considerable benefits of clinical algorithms fail to be realized, but the potential harms may be regressively incurred across existing gradients of social inequity.
Genomic signatures of domestication in Old World camels
Authors: Fitak Robert Rodgers , Mohandesan Elmira , Corander Jukka , Yadamsuren Adiya , Chuluunbat Battsetseg , Abdelhadi Omer , Raziq Abdul , Nagy Peter , Walzer Chris , Faye Bernard , Burger Pamela Anna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDomestication begins with the selection of animals showing less fear of humans. In most domesticates, selection signals for tameness have been superimposed by intensive breeding for economical or other desirable traits. Old World camels, conversely, have maintained high genetic variation and lack secondary bottlenecks associated with breed development. By re-sequencing multiple genomes from dromedaries, Bactrian camels, and their endangered wild relatives, here we show that positive selection for candidate genes underlying traits collectively referred to as ‘domestication syndrome’ is consistent with neural crest deficiencies and altered thyroid hormone-based signaling. Comparing our results with other domestic species, we postulate that the core set of domestication genes is considerably smaller than the pan-domestication set – and overlapping genes are likely a result of chance and redundancy. These results, along with the extensive genomic resources provided, are an important contribution to understanding the evolutionary history of camels and the genomic features of their domestication.
Direct identification of reaction sites on ferrihydrite
Authors: Boily Jean-François , Song Xiaowei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHydroxyl groups are the cornerstone species driving catalytic reactions on mineral nanoparticles of Earth’s crust, water, and atmosphere. Here we directly identify populations of these groups on ferrihydrite, a key yet misunderstood iron oxyhydroxide nanomineral in natural sciences. This is achieved by resolving an enigmatic set of vibrational spectroscopic signatures of reactive hydroxo groups and chemisorbed water molecules embedded in specific chemical environments. We assist these findings by exploring a vast array of configurations of computer-generated nanoparticles. We find that these groups are mainly disposed along rows at edges of sheets of iron octahedra. Molecular dynamics of nanoparticles as large as 10 nm show that the most reactive surface hydroxo groups are predominantly free, yet are hydrogen bond acceptors in an intricate network formed with less reactive groups. The resolved vibrational spectroscopic signatures open new possibilities for tracking catalytic reactions on ferrihydrite, directly from the unique viewpoint of its reactive hydroxyl groups.
Optical counterpart to Swift J0243.6+6124
Authors: Reig P. , Fabregat J. , Alfonso-Garzón J. 
Published: June 2020

Context.Swift J0243.6+6124 is a unique system. It is the first and only ultra-luminous X-ray source in our Galaxy. It is the first and only high-mass Be X-ray pulsar showing radio jet emission. It was discovered during a giant X-ray outburst in October 2017. While there are numerous studies in the X-ray band, very little is known about the optical counterpart.Aims.Our aim is to characterize the variability timescales in the optical and infrared bands in order to understand the nature of this intriguing system.Methods.We performed optical spectroscopic observations to determine the spectral type. Long-term photometric light curves together with the equivalent width of the Hαline were used to monitor the state of the circumstellar disk. We usedBVRIphotometry to estimate the interstellar absorption and distance to the source. Continuous photometric monitoring in theBandVbands allowed us to search for intra-night variability.Results.The optical counterpart to Swift J0243.6+6124 is aV = 12.9, O9.5Ve star, located at a distance of ∼5 kpc. The optical extinction in the direction of the source isAV = 3.6 mag. The rotational velocity of the O-type star is 210 km s−1. The long-term optical variability agrees with the growth and subsequent dissipation of the Be circumstellar disk after the giant X-ray outburst. The optical and X-ray luminosity are strongly correlated during the outburst, suggesting a common origin. We did not detect short-term periodic variability that could be associated with nonradial pulsations from the Be star photosphere.Conclusions.The long-term optical and infrared pattern of variability of Swift J0243.6+6124 is typical of Be/X-ray binaries. However, the absence of nonradial pulsations is unusual and adds another peculiar trait to this unique source.
Praktische Empfehlungen der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft zum Diabetesmanagement bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit einer COVID-19-Erkrankung
Authors: Bornstein Stefan R. , Gallwitz Baptist , Kellerer Monika , Ludwig Barbara , Müller-Wieland Dirk , Neu Andreas , Reuter Hans-Martin , Roden Michael , Seufert Jochen 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungBei Menschen mit einer Infektion mit dem neuartigen Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 und einer COVID-19-Erkrankung sind Diabetes mellitus und kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen sehr häufige Komorbiditäten. Patienten mit Diabetes und Begleit- beziehungsweise Folgeerkrankungen scheinen ein erhöhtes Risiko für einen schweren Krankheitsverlauf bei COVID-19 einschließlich ARDS und Multiorganversagen zu haben. Die genauen Zusammenhänge zwischen Diabetes und COVID-19-Krankheitsverlauf sind noch nicht vollständig geklärt. Die DDG hat daher prinzipielle Handlungsempfehlungen zur Diabetestherapie bei Diabetes mellitus und COVID-19-Erkrankung zusammengefasst.
Effects and Safety of Sitagliptin in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver
Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuhan , Cai Tian , Zhao Junyu , Guo Congcong , Yao Jinming , Gao Peng , Dong Jianjun , Liao Lin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of
chronic liver disease. However, the treatment is limited. The aim of this
meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects and safety of sitagliptin, a selective
inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4I), in treating NAFLD. Studies were
sourced from electronic databases including PubMed, CENTRAL (Cochrane Controlled
Trials Register), Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, and CNKI to
identify all randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs in adult
patients with NAFLD. Key outcomes were changes in serum levels of liver enzymes
and improvement in hepatic histology and fat content measured by imaging or
liver biopsy. Stata14.0 and RevMan5.3 were used for the meta-analysis. Seven
studies with 269 NAFLD patients were included. Compared to the control group,
sitagliptin treatment improved serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels
in the RCT subgroup (SMD = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.01–1.58).
However, there was no significant improvement in serum alanine aminotransferase
(ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels following sitagliptin
treatment. Four of the included studies performed liver imaging, but sitagliptin
treatment did not result in a significant reduction in liver fat content. Only
five participants developed sitagliptin-related gastrointestinal discomfort. Our
study suggests that sitagliptin effects individuals with NAFLD by improving
serum GGT. Although sitagliptin is safe and well tolerated in NAFLD patients, it
exerts no beneficial effects on liver transaminase and liver fat content in
these patients.
ADHD: Current Concepts and Treatments in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Drechsler Renate , Brem Silvia , Brandeis Daniel , Grünblatt Edna , Berger Gregor , Walitza Susanne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most frequent disorders within child and adolescent psychiatry, with a prevalence of over 5%. Nosological systems, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases, editions 10 and 11 (ICD-10/11) continue to define ADHD according to behavioral criteria, based on observation and on informant reports. Despite an overwhelming body of research on ADHD over the last 10 to 20 years, valid neurobiological markers or other objective criteria that may lead to unequivocal diagnostic classification are still lacking. On the contrary, the concept of ADHD seems to have become broader and more heterogeneous. Thus, the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD are still challenging for clinicians, necessitating increased reliance on their expertise and experience. The first part of this review presents an overview of the current definitions of the disorder (DSM-5, ICD-10/11). Furthermore, it discusses more controversial aspects of the construct of ADHD, including the dimensional versus categorical approach, alternative ADHD constructs, and aspects pertaining to epidemiology and prevalence. The second part focuses on comorbidities, on the difficulty of distinguishing between “primary” and “secondary” ADHD for purposes of differential diagnosis, and on clinical diagnostic procedures. In the third and most prominent part, an overview of current neurobiological concepts of ADHD is given, including neuropsychological and neurophysiological researches and summaries of current neuroimaging and genetic studies. Finally, treatment options are reviewed, including a discussion of multimodal, pharmacological, and nonpharmacological interventions and their evidence base.