bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute‐onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with cranial nerves and respiratory tract involvement: A case report
Authors: Mansour Malek , Ouerdiene Asma , Bedoui Ines , Kacem Amel , Zaouali Jamel , Mrissa Ridha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSixteen percent of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) patients may present acutely like acute idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) the demyelinating form of GBS, developing in <8 weeks 2. This entity is classified as acute‐onset CIDP (A‐CIDP) which presents overlapping clinical and electrophysiological findings with GBS during early stages of disease, but followed with a chronic course beyond 2 months. Also, those who have three or more treatment‐related fluctuations (TRF) are included under this term.Distinguishing between acute‐onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (A‐CIDP) and acute idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) may be difficult during early stages but is crucial in order to guide treatment strategies without delay. These two forms share some overlapping clinical and electrophysiological findings, including some severe clinical features such as cranial nerve and respiratory tract involvement making the diagnosis of A‐CIDP more difficult.
A Ring Closing Metathesis Approach to the Formal Synthesis of (+)‐Callyspongiolide
Authors: Ko Kwang‐Yoon , Wilson Zoe E. , Furkert Daniel P. , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn enantioselective synthesis of macrocyclic core of (+)‐callyspongiolide is described, constituting a formal synthesis of this natural product. The synthetic strategy constructs the 14‐membered macrocyclic domain via Yamaguchi esterification followed by a challenging ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) to effect the final formation of the macrolactone.
Mitigating the Shielding Effect of Ether Oxygen in Poly(ethylene glycol) on Boron Atoms in Boron‐Doped Poly(ethylene glycol) Hybrid Polymer Electrolyte by Introducing Siloxane Spacers
Authors: Zhang Ran , Wei Zhaoyang , Lei Weiwei , Jiang Tao , Zhang Qunchao , Shi Dean 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDoping boron (B) atoms into poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based solid polymer electrolytes (B‐PEG) is believed to be an attractive method to increase the lithium‐ion transference number (
) because of the interaction between the electropositive B atoms and the anions of lithium salts. However, this effect can be largely impeded by the interaction between B and the electronegative ether oxygen atoms in the attached PEG molecular chains, which is referred to as a shielding effect. Enlarging the distance between the center B atoms and the electronegative ether oxygens is believed to be an effective way to reduce such shielding effect. In this work, different number of siloxane spacing groups (Six) are introduced in between the B atom and ether oxygen in the B‐PEG macromolecules (B‐Six‐PEGs x=0,1,3,5). As the siloxane oxygen has less electronegativity to ether oxygen, the shielding effects should be weakened and the ability of B atoms to trap the anions of lithium salt will increase. As the introduction of siloxane groups into the B‐Six‐PEGs polymer electrolytes will also reduce the neat contents of both B and PEG, which has the opposite effect on the whole ionic conductivities and
values, both the ionic conductivities and
values of B‐Six‐PEGs electrolytes first increase then decrease along with x increases from 0 to 5 when the [Li+]:[EO] mole ratio is fixed at 1 : 10. The peak value exists at x=1. Meanwhile, both the mobilities of Li+ ions (confirmed via 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results) and bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (TFSI−) anions (confirmed from Raman spectra analysis) get their maximum values when x=1. However, if both the concentrations of TFSI− and B atoms in B‐Six‐PEGs electrolytes are taken into consideration, the normalized diffusion coefficient of TFSI− anions obtained by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation decrease monotonically when x increases from 0 to 5. As the diffusion coefficient of TFSI− anions is determined by the interaction probability and strength of TFSI− and B atoms; these results confirm that the interaction between the B atoms and TFSI− anions increase with x. Namely, the deshielding effects of siloxane spacing groups on B atoms increase along with the increase of x in the B‐Six‐PEGs polymer electrolytes, while it levels off when x exceeds 3.
Estrogens determination through disposable pipette extraction coupled to ultraviolet spectroscopy and nonlinear pseudo‐univariate calibration: Solving rank deficiency problems
Authors: Valderrama Leonardo , Valderrama Patrícia , Março Paulo Henrique , Merib Josias , Carasek Eduardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the disposable pipette extraction (DPX) approach was employed to prepare water samples containing the hormones 17‐β‐estradiol (beta‐EST), estrone (ETR), estriol (EST), and 17‐α‐ethinylestradiol (17‐EE). Both multivariate and univariate experimental designs were used to optimize the DPX procedure through ultraviolet (UV) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The determination of estrogens in water through UV spectroscopy exhibited rank deficiency, and after trying several strategies, it was possible to suggest that the rank deficiency in the spectra was solved by column augmented matrix strategy afterward complexing the hormones with β‐cyclodextrin, in which the relative concentration recovered by the multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) to each hormone was employed in the development of nonlinear pseudo‐univariate calibration models based on support vector machine (SVM) approach. The models were validated through parameters of merit determination and by comparing the models results with those obtained by HPLC. The alternative methodology for the determination of estrogens in water through UV spectroscopy is an environmentally friendly analytical methodology employing less solvent and with high throughput. Moreover, it is not possible to determinate these hormones without using the chemometric approaches, mainly due to the rank deficiency, which needs to be broken to allow for the differentiation between the substances and later modeling.
Designed Synthesis of a Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework with Three‐Level Hierarchical Porosity†
Authors: Han Xiang‐Hao , Qi Qiao‐Yan , Zhou Zhi‐Bei , Zhao Xin 
Published: July 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) with hierarchical porosity have drawn considerable attention very recently due to their advantages over the COFs with uniform porosity in some aspects. However, the design strategies for the construction of this type of COFs, namely heteropore COFs, are quite limited. We herein report a facile approach to constructing a two‐dimensional COF which possesses three different kinds of pores. Its structure is confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction and nitrogen sorption studies. The successful construction of the triple‐pore COF represents a new method to access COFs with high hierarchical porosity.
A nomogram for predicting axillary pathologic complete response in hormone receptor–positive breast cancer with cytologically proven axillary lymph node metastases
Authors: Guo Rong , Su Yonghui , Si Jing , Xue Jingyan , Yang Benlong , Zhang Qi , Chi Weiru , Chen Jiajian , Chi Yayun , Shao Zhimin , Wu Jiong 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine an axillary pathologic complete response (pCR) and its influencing factors in patients with hormone receptor (HR)–positive breast cancer and cytologically proven axillary lymph node metastases. A prediction nomogram was established to provide information for the de‐escalation of axillary management in these patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsThe authors retrospectively enrolled all patients with HR‐positive breast cancer in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy data set of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. All data were prospectively collected. From 2007 to 2016, 533 consecutive patients were included. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed, after which a nomogram was constructed and validated.ResultsAn axillary pCR was achieved in 168 patients (31.5%), the which was much higher than the proportion of those who achieved a breast pCR (103 patients; 19.3%). Patients who had human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive disease (P = .004), a better primary tumor response (P = .001), earlier clinical stage (P = .045), and lower estrogen receptor expression (P < .001) were more likely to achieve a lymph node pCR. The nomogram indicated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.78‐0.89) in the training set. The validation set showed good discrimination with an AUC of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.69‐0.81). The C‐index was 0.834 and 0.756 in the training and validation cohort, respectively. The nomogram was well calibrated.ConclusionsThe authors developed and validated a nomogram for predicting axillary pCR in patients with HR‐positive disease accurately by using clinicopathologic factors available before surgery. The model will facilitate logical clinical decision making and clinical trial design.
Current clinical trials on breast cancer in China: A systematic literature review
Authors: Fan Ying , Xu Binghe 
Published: July 2020

With rapid advancement in clinical research, clinical trials on breast cancer in China have made great progress and are increasingly receiving worldwide recognition. Oncologists have been provided with an unprecedented opportunity to conduct clinical trials that offer both advantages and challenges. Investigator‐initiated trials (IITs) and trials on domestic innovative drugs are still in the initial stages, with plenty of room to grow.The goal of this study was to systematically review time trends of the changing landscape of clinical drug development in China over the course of the last decade (from 2009 to 2018).The number of clinical trials specific to breast cancer has increased in a span of 10 years, from 36 trials in 2009 to 113 in 2018, and this trend is accompanied by an increase in publications, from 13 in 2009 to 52 in 2015. A total of 593 trials were conducted in breast cancer between 2009 and 2018. The distribution pattern of trial phases shows that phase 2 trials accounted for 34% of the total, followed by phase 3 trials at 21% and phase 1 trials at 20%. Academic trials or IITs were found to be the major sponsors, with 52% of trials being sponsored by them followed by pharmaceutical companies as a secondary sponsor (38%). Additionally, trials on chemotherapeutic agents constituted 50% of the trials followed by trials on targeted therapy (31%).The review provides insight on the effectiveness of the pharmaceutical industry and identify unmet clinical needs of stakeholders. With accumulated experience of Chinese oncologists and increasing support from the Chinese government, greater success could be anticipated in the near future.
Adjuvant chemotherapy for small, lymph node–negative, triple‐negative breast cancer: A single‐center study and a meta‐analysis of the published literature
Authors: An Xin , Lei Xuefen , Huang Riqing , Luo Rongzhen , Li Haifeng , Xu Fei , Yuan Zhongyu , Wang Shusen , de Nonneville Alexandre , Gonçalves Anthony , Houvenaeghel Gilles , Li JiBin , Xue Cong , Shi Yanxia 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with small, lymph node–negative, triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) measuring >5 mm (T1b disease), but clinical evidence to support this recommendation is lacking. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with T1N0M0 (measuring ≤2 cm) TNBC with different tumor sizes.MethodsThe authors retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients with pT1N0M0 TNBC who were diagnosed between 2000 and 2016 at Sun Yat‐Sen University Cancer Center. For the meta‐analysis, electronic medical databases were searched for all relevant studies regarding the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on the target population.ResultsOf the 351 enrolled patients, 309 (88%) received adjuvant chemotherapy and 42 patients (12%) did not. The distribution by T classification was T1a in 19 patients (5.4%), T1b in 67 patients (19.1%), and T1c in 265 patients (75.5%). Adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in the patients with T1c disease, but not those with T1b and T1a disease. Meanwhile, there was no difference in RFS noted according to the chemotherapy regimen among patients with T1c disease. Seven eligible studies comprising 1525 patients with T1N0M0 (941 with T1a/bN0M0) were included in the meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis demonstrated that adjuvant chemotherapy significantly reduced the rate of disease recurrence for patients with T1a/b disease as a group, but the population driving that was only patients with T1b disease, not those with T1a disease.ConclusionsAlthough the retrospective analysis demonstrated a survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy only for patients with T1cN0 TNBC, the meta‐analysis showed it also is beneficial for individuals with T1bN0 TNBC. For patients with T1cN0M0 TNBC, less intensive chemotherapy regimens achieve an excellent survival outcome similar to that of intensive anthracycline and taxane combination chemotherapy.
How Self‐Assembled Nanodomains Can Impact the Organization of a Phospholipid Monolayer‐Flower‐Like Arrays
Authors: Nakahara Hiromichi , Krafft Marie Pierre , Shibata Osamu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe found that monolayers of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and semi‐fluorinated tetrablock di(F10H16) self‐assemble to form a new type of large, complex flower‐like patterns on the surface of water and on solid substrates. The hierarchical organization of these unusual self‐assemblies was investigated using compression and surface potential isotherms, in situ fluorescence and Brewster angle microscopies, and atomic force microscopy after transfer.
Characterization of Anaphylatoxin Receptor Expression and C3a/C5a Functions in Anaphylatoxin Receptor Reporter Mice
Authors: Laumonnier Yves , Karsten Christian M. , Köhl Gabriele , Köhl Jörg 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe anaphylatoxins (AT) C3a and C5a are effector molecules of C3 and C5 exerting multiple biologic functions through binding and activation of their cognate G protein−coupled receptors. C3a interacts with the C3a receptor (C3aR), whereas C5a and its primary degradation product C5a‐desArg engage C5aR1 and C5aR2. In the past, analysis of AT expression has been hampered by cross reaction of antibodies designed to recognize the different AT receptors. Furthermore, assessment of effects mediated by cell‐specific activation has been difficult. Here, floxed AT receptor reporter mice are described as tools to monitor AT receptor expression in cells and tissues and to study the functions of C3a and C5a by cell‐specific deletion of their cognate AT receptors. © 2020 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Genotyping of floxed GFP‐C5aR1 knockin miceSupport Protocol 1: Genotyping of LysMcre‐C5ar1‐/‐ miceBasic Protocol 2: Genotyping of floxed tdTomato‐C3aR and ‐tdTomato‐C5aR2 knockin miceSupport Protocol 2: Preparation of genomic DNABasic Protocol 3: Determination of C5aR1, C5aR2, and C3aR expression using floxed AT receptor reporter miceSupport Protocol 3: Determination of C3aR expression using a C3aR‐specific antibodySupport Protocol 4: Determination of C5aR1, C5aR2, and C3aR mRNA expression in floxed GFP‐C5aR1, floxed tdTomato‐C5aR2 or ‐tdTomato C3aR positive cellsBasic Protocol 4: Analysis of C5aR1‐driven ERK1/2 phosphorylation in GFP‐C5aR1+ cellsBasic Protocol 5: Assessment of C3aR functions in cells obtained from floxed tdTomato‐C3aR knockin mice‐ Determination of C3aR internalizationAlternate Protocol: C3a‐induced increase in intracellular Ca2+Basic Protocol 6: C5aR2‐driven IFN‐γ production from NK cellsSupport Protocol 5: Isolation of splenic NK cells by FACS
Enrichment of Neutrophils and Monocytes From the Liver Following Either Oral or Intravenous Listeria monocytogenes Infection
Authors: Pitts Michelle G. , D'Orazio Sarah E. F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractListeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes serious, often deadly, systemic disease in susceptible individuals such as neonates and the elderly. These facultative intracellular bacteria have been an invaluable tool in immunology research for more than three decades. Intravenous (i.v.) injection is the most commonly used transmission route in mice, but oral models of infection have also been developed in recent years, and these may be more appropriate for many studies. This article includes detailed instructions for use of either foodborne or i.v. inoculation of mice and discusses the rationale for choosing either model. Additionally, a protocol is provided for enrichment of neutrophils and monocytes from the infected liver in a manner that allows for determination of bacterial burden while still providing sufficient cells for use in flow cytometric analysis or in vitro assays. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Foodborne L. monocytogenes infectionSupport Protocol 1: Preparing L. monocytogenes for foodborne infectionBasic Protocol 2: Intravenous L. monocytogenes infectionSupport Protocol 2: Preparing L. monocytogenes for intravenous infectionBasic Protocol 3: Enrichment of non‐parenchymal cells from the infected liver
Variation in fine fescue taxa response to simulated foliar shade
Authors: Petrella Dominic P. , Watkins Eric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFine fescues, taxa within the Festuca genus, are considered some of the most shade‐tolerant cool‐season turfgrasses, but past research from field studies has been inconsistent. The objective of this research was to evaluate variation in Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaudin, CH), hard fescue (F. brevipila Tracey, HD), and strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra ssp. rubra Gaudin, ST) morphology and physiology under simulated foliar shade and full sun. Experiments were carried out using 12 CH, 13 HD, and 15 ST entries within a greenhouse with or without a photoselective filter to simulate foliar shade. The filter reduced the red to far‐red (R/FR) ratio to ∼0.66, and light intensity was reduced to 30% of full sun under shade treatment. Several parameters were assessed including height, the number of tillers, biomass, total chlorophyll, and the chlorophyll a/b ratio. In both sun and shade experiments, ST were significantly taller than the other taxa. Chewings fescue and HD had significantly more tillers than ST in sun, but both CH and ST had significantly more tillers than HD in shade. Hard fescue had the greatest biomass in sun, and the least in shade. Significantly more CH genotypes lacked shade avoidance responses (SAR) than both other taxa under shade, and a greater proportion of HD were shade intolerant. Based on this study, CH > ST > HD in terms of improved response to shade. However, variation for response to shade observed within entries indicates potential for future improvement.
Carbon Dioxide Conversion Upgraded by Host‐guest Cooperation between Nitrogen‐Rich Covalent Organic Framework and Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Polymer
Authors: Zhong Hong , Gao Jinwei , Sa Rongjian , Yang Shuailong , Wu Zhicheng , Wang Ruihu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe chemical conversion of CO2 into value‐added chemicals is one promising approach for CO2 utilization. It is crucial to explore highly efficient catalysts containing task‐specific components for CO2 fixation. Here, a host‐guest catalytic system was developed by integrating nitrogen‐rich covalent organic framework (TT‐COF) and imidazolium‐based ionic polymer (ImIP), which serve as hydrogen‐bonding donor and nucleophilic agent, respectively, for cooperatively facilitating the activation of the epoxides and subsequent CO2 cycloaddition. The catalytic activity of the host‐guest system was remarkably superior to those of ImIP, TT‐COF, and their physical mixture. Furthermore, selective adsorption for CO2 over N2 rendered this catalytic system effective for the cycloaddition reaction of the simulated flue gas. The protocols for the unification of two catalytically active components provide new opportunities for the development of composite systems in multiple applications.
A software‐defined radio testbed for deep learning‐based automatic modulation classification
Authors: Ponnaluru Sowjanya , Penke Satyanarayana 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAutomatic modulation classification (AMC) is the demodulation process on the receiver side, which is a crucial protocol for current and next‐generation intelligent communication systems. This method becomes complicated, in the presence of channel noise, to identify the modulation of the transmitted signal, that is, the transmitter and receiver with its ambiguous parameters like timing information, signal strength, phase offset, and carrier frequency. Two fundamental approaches are used for the AMC, namely, the signal statistical feature‐based approach and the maximum likelihood approach. Current Feature‐Based AMC approaches typically built for a limited set of modulation; a comprehensive AMC approach utilizing convolutional neural networks (CNN) is suggested in this article to overcome this obstacle. Altogether, 11 different types of modulations considered. In this method, without an extraction function, the transmitted signal can be identified directly. Also, the features of the received signal are known directly by using this method. The classification accuracy using CNN seems to be remarkable, especially for low SNRs. In this article, a realistic AMC framework that can be quickly applied to provide reliable efficiency in numerous commercial real‐time scenarios has developed and tested. Therefore, to prove the functional viability of our proposed model, it was applied to the software‐defined radio test‐bed.
Nonaggressive behavior: A strategy employed by an obligate nest invader to avoid conflict with its host species
Authors: Hugo Helder , Cristaldo Paulo F. , DeSouza Og 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn addition to its builders, termite nests are known to house a variety of secondary opportunistic termite species so‐called inquilines, but little is known about the mechanisms governing the maintenance of these symbioses. In a single nest, host and inquiline colonies are likely to engage in conflict due to nestmate discrimination, and an intriguing question is how both species cope with each other in the long term. Evasive behaviour has been suggested as one of the mechanisms reducing the frequency of host‐inquiline encounters, yet, the confinement imposed by the nests' physical boundaries suggests that cohabiting species would eventually come across each other. Under these circumstances, it is plausible that inquilines would be required to behave accordingly to secure their housing. Here, we show that once inevitably exposed to hosts individuals, inquilines exhibit nonthreatening behaviours, displaying hence a less threatening profile and preventing conflict escalation with their hosts. By exploring the behavioural dynamics of the encounter between both cohabitants, we find empirical evidence for a lack of aggressiveness by inquilines towards their hosts. Such a nonaggressive behaviour, somewhat uncommon among termites, is characterised by evasive manoeuvres that include reversing direction, bypassing and a defensive mechanism using defecation to repel the host. The behavioural adaptations we describe may play an important role in the stability of cohabitations between host and inquiline termite species: by preventing conflict escalation, inquilines may improve considerably their chances of establishing a stable cohabitation with their hosts.