bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labour, laziness and distribution: work imaginaries among the South African unemployed
Authors: Dawson H. J. , Fouksman E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA wealth of new writing has emerged around the future of labour, focusing on thinking beyond employment in imagining the futures of ‘surplus populations’ no longer needed by labour markets. These new imaginaries include radically expanded forms of redistribution, such as unconditional cash transfers or universal basic income. But what are the views of the ‘surplus populations’ themselves? This article uses ethnographic research in an informal settlement in South Africa to understand why the unemployed or precariously employed poor are themselves often reluctant to delink labour and income. In particular, we focus on the discursive use of ‘laziness’ by urban unemployed young men. The varied (and often contradictory) ways in which these men employ the laziness discourse sheds light on the logics linking waged work and money in our informants’ social imaginaries. It illuminates the underlying contradictions and complexities of such logics, including those of gender, relational obligations, expectations of citizenship, and the inevitable tensions between aspirational hopes and economic realities. To begin thinking ‘beyond the proper job’, to use Ferguson and Li's phrase, we must unravel and understand such nuanced logics that continue to bind together hard work, deservingness and cash – even for those left out of labour markets.
Neotraditional authority contested: the corporatization of tradition and the quest for democracy in the Topnaar Traditional Authority, Namibia
Authors: Krämer Mario 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article examines two closely related themes: the triangle of tradition, capital and the state; and resistance to neotraditional leadership and local activism for democracy. I investigate an uprising in the Topnaar Traditional Authority in the Erongo region of Namibia by young community activists who aimed to promote democracy in their community in a context of manifold accusations of self-enrichment and corruption against the neotraditional leadership. The article demonstrates that the corporatization of tradition is a double-edged sword: neotraditional leaders expand their local power towards their subjects in the short term, but it often produces severe conflict that may result in the delegitimization of neotraditional authority in the long run. However, the Topnaar youth uprising and quest for democracy was less about challenging neotraditional authority per se and more about replacing the incumbents as well as obtaining a fair share of political power. It resulted from the perception that the neotraditional-cum-corporate ventures no longer served the cause of a common good; this, in turn, contradicted the general ideal of equality among the Topnaar. The corporatization of tradition thus generated local grievances and stimulated demands for democratic participation. Since the uprising gained at least some of its momentum from my research on neotraditional authority, I also reflect on my role.
Èṣù and ethics in the Yorùbá world view
Authors: Oyèláràn Ọlásopé O. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractÈṣù of the Yorùbá tradition, the custodian of the primordialàṣẹ, embodies the principle of perspicacity and pragmatism that is crucial for the exercise of responsibility by sentient and thinking beings. As such, Èṣù demands the ultimate in consciousness as a basis for just living and for a just measure of reward or sanction. Èṣù calls for painstaking commitment to rigorously distilled information and keen consciousness as preconditions for action of any sort, especially for the exercise of judgement, a compelling gesture of the human will. Scholarly and/or zealous traditions have, however, persistently alienated Èṣù from his native Yorùbá cosmology. This article argues for a need for rehabilitation.
Women’s socioeconomic status and choice of birth control method: an investigation for the case of Turkey
Authors: Karaoğlan Deniz , Saraçoğlu Dürdane Şirin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigated whether woman’s education, labour market status and the status within the household have any impact on their birth control behaviour in Turkey. Empirical analyses were implemented using the 2013 Demographic and Health Survey dataset, which includes information on women’s socioeconomic status and their current choice of contraceptives: whether they used any method, and if so, what method they used. Using a bivariate probit model with selection to control for any possible selection bias, the results suggest that whether a woman uses any birth control method, and whether the woman chooses modern methods over traditional methods, are primarily explained by education level and urban/rural residence, and that the determinants of contraceptive use vary across college-educated and non-college-educated women. The results also indicate that non-employed women are less likely to use any birth control method compared with women with regular, full-time jobs. However the effect was statistically insignificant.
Soft law instruments on Arctic investment and sustainable development
Authors: Lim Kong Soon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In recent years, two soft law instruments have emerged to promote sustainable development in the Arctic, namely the Arctic Investment Protocol by the World Economic Forum Global Agenda Council on the Arctic and the Arctic Economic Council’s Code of Ethics. These instruments seek to foster sustainable development through responsible investment and good business practices. The emergence of these soft law instruments by non-State actors demonstrates an interest from the business sector and Arctic stakeholders to develop business norms and standards of sustainable development that are specific to the region. In understanding the potential and scope of these instruments, this paper considers the role of both instruments in driving sustainable development in the Arctic.
Differential effects of age at illness onset on verbal memory functions in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients aged 12–43 years
Authors: Fagerlund Birgitte , Pantelis Christos , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Raghava Jayachandra Mitta , Rostrup Egill , Thomas Marie Bjerregaard , Nielsen Mette Ødegaard , Bojesen Kirsten , Jensen Karsten Gjessing , Stentebjerg-Decara Marie , Klauber Dea Gowers , Rudå Ditte , Ebdrup Bjørn H. , Jessen Kasper , Sigvard Anne , Tangmose Karen , Jeppesen Pia , Correll Christoph U. , Fink-Jensen Anders , Pagsberg Anne Katrine , Glenthøj Birte Yding 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe typical onset of schizophrenia coincides with the maturational peak in cognition; however, for a significant proportion of patients the onset is before age 18 and after age 30 years. While cognitive deficits are considered core features of schizophrenia, few studies have directly examined the impact of age of illness onset on cognition.MethodsThe aim of the study was to examine if the effects of age on cognition differ between healthy controls (HCs) and patients with schizophrenia at illness onset. We examined 156 first-episode antipsychotic-naïve patients across a wide age span (12–43 years), and 161 age- and sex-matched HCs. Diagnoses were made according to ICD-10 criteria. Cognition was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), and IQ was estimated using subtests from the Wechsler adult- or child-intelligence scales. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to examine linear and quadratic effects of age on cognitive scores and interactions by group, including sex and parental socioeconomic status as covariates.ResultsThere was a significant overall effect of age on BACS and IQ (p < 0.001). Significant group-by-age interactions for verbal memory (for age-squared, p = 0.009), and digit sequencing (for age, p = 0.01; age-squared, p < 0.001), indicated differential age-related trajectories between patients and HCs.ConclusionsCognitive functions showing protracted maturation into adulthood, such as verbal memory and verbal working memory, may be particularly impaired in both early- and late-schizophrenia onset. Our findings indicate a potential interaction between the timing of neurodevelopmental maturation and a possible premature age effect in late-onset schizophrenia.
Resource-rationality and dynamic coupling of brains and social environments
Authors: Ross Don 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Leider and Griffiths clarify the basis for unification between mechanism-driven and solution-driven disciplines and methodologies in cognitive science. But, two outstanding issues arise for their model of resource-rationality: human brains co-process information with their environments, rather than merely adapt to them; and this is expressed in methodological differences between disciplines that complicate Leider and Griffiths’ proposed structural unification.
Resource-rational analysis versus resource-rational humans
Authors: Rahnev Dobromir 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Lieder and Griffiths advocate for resource-rational analysis as a methodological device employed by the experimenter. However, at times this methodological device appears to morph into the substantive claim that humans are actually resource-rational. Such morphing is problematic; the methodological approach used by the experimenter and claims about the nature of human behavior ought to be kept completely separate.
La participation sociale dans les résidences privées pour aînés
Authors: Andrianova Anna , Raymond Émilie 
Published: March 2020

RésuméLe vieillissement de la population invite à étudier les résidences privées pour aînés, notamment sous l’angle du lien social. Après leur emménagement en résidence, plusieurs aînés veulent continuer de participer activement à la société. Cette recherche qualitative exploratoire a pour objectif de mieux comprendre les perceptions et les expériences d’aînés vivant dans une résidence privée par rapport à leur participation sociale, sur le plan de leurs relations interpersonnelles et de leurs activités de loisirs. Onze entrevues individuelles ont été menées auprès de personnes vivant dans des résidences privées pour aînés de la région de la ville de Québec, au Canada. Sur le plan personnel, les facteurs centraux pour la participation sociale sont l’adaptation au nouveau milieu de vie, l’implication dans ce milieu, notamment par le biais du bénévolat, ainsi que l’état de santé de la personne. En ce qui concerne l’environnement social, les facteurs importants sont la proximité géographique de l’entourage, une offre variée d’activités et la stabilité du personnel. Au final, des recommandations sont formulées au sujet des stratégies d’intervention et des pistes de recherche, lesquelles donnent suite aux constats énoncés, et ce, afin de mieux soutenir la participation sociale en résidence privée pour aînés.
User research enabled by makerspaces: bringing functionality to classical experience prototypes
Authors: Jensen Matilde Bisballe , Steinert Martin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper sheds light on the new possibilities for user research activities facilitated by access to makerspaces. We present four case studies of user research conducted in two university-based makerspaces as examples of makerspace-driven user research. Further, by comparing the cases to three classical user research activities, namely observation, prototyping, and user journey mapping, we highlight the main aspects of this new context of user research. We find that accessibility to makerspaces enables user researchers to build low-fidelity yet high-functionality prototypes for exploring users’ preferences and motivations in controlled and repeatable ways. These prototypes fall into the category of experience prototypes, but they have greater functionality than the prototypes previously used in this field. Thus, a user researcher can explore a topic more systematically and in a more hypothesis-driven manner. In summary, this study encourages stakeholders in the early stages of product development to consider a makerspace as a resource for user-related requirement elicitation rather than for only specific product iteration.
Why We Might Just Be Living in a Second “Progressive” Era
Authors: Cook Eli 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe recent framing of our current era as a “Second Gilded Age” has been closely linked to economist Thomas Piketty's empirical findings regarding income inequality patterns in American history. Yet if we take a closer look at both the inequality data at our disposal as well as the broader social forces that have led to widening wealth gaps in recent decades, it becomes apparent that our current neoliberal era of rising inequality is far more similar to the Progressive Era than the Gilded Age. After arguing why the Progressive Era is a more apt historical analogy, this article will seek to explain why our contemporary moment has nonetheless been framed as a Second Gilded Age.
Two kinematically different Large Magellanic Cloud old globular cluster populations unveiled from Gaia DR2 data sets
Authors: Piatti Andrés E. , Alfaro Emilio J. , Cantat-Gaudin Tristan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe derive mean proper motions of 15 known Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) old globular clusters (GCs) from the Gaia DR2 data sets. When these mean proper motions are gathered with existent radial velocities to compose the GCs’ velocity vectors, we found that the projection of the velocity vectors onto the LMC plane and those perpendicular to it tell us about two distinct kinematical GC populations. Such a distinction becomes clear if the GCs are split at a perpendicular velocity of 10 km/s (absolute value). The two different kinematics groups also exhibit different spatial distributions. Those with smaller vertical velocities are part of the LMC disk, while those with larger values are closely distributed like a spheroidal component. Since GCs in both kinematic-structural components share similar ages and metallicities, we speculate with the possibility that their origins could have occurred through a fast collapse that formed halo and disk concurrently.
Observations meets theory in clustered star formation
Authors: Pfalzner Susanne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStars form predominantly in groups which display a broad spectrum of masses, sizes, and other properties. Despite this diversity there exist an underlying structure that can constrain cluster formation theories. We show how combining observations with simulations allows us to disclose this underlying structure. One example is the mass-radius relation for young embedded associations which follows ${M_c} = CR_c^\gamma $ with γ = 1.7 ± 0.2.0.2, which is directly related to the mass-radius relation of clumps. Results based on GAIA DR2 have demonstrated that young stellar groups (1–5 Myr) expand and that this expansion process is largely over by an age of 10–20 Myr. Such a behaviour is expected within the gas expulsion scenario. However, the effect of gas expulsion depends strongly on the SFE, the gas expulsion time scale, etc. Here it is demonstrated how existing and upcoming data are able to constrain these parameters and correspondingly the underlying models.
The ecology of the galactic centre: Nuclear stellar clusters and supermassive black holes
Authors: Davies Melvyn B. , Askar Abbas , Church Ross P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSupermassive black holes are found in most galactic nuclei. A large fraction of these nuclei also contain a nuclear stellar cluster surrounding the black hole. Here we consider the idea that the nuclear stellar cluster formed first and that the supermassive black hole grew later. In particular we consider the merger of three stellar clusters to form a nuclear stellar cluster, where some of these clusters contain a single intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH). In the cases where multiple clusters contain IMBHs, we discuss whether the black holes are likely to merge and whether such mergers are likely to result in the ejection of the merged black hole from the nuclear stellar cluster. In some cases, no supermassive black hole will form as any merger product is not retained. This is a natural pathway to explain those galactic nuclei that contain a nuclear stellar cluster but apparently lack a supermassive black hole; M33 being a nearby example. Alternatively, if an IMBH merger product is retained within the nuclear stellar cluster, it may subsequently grow, e.g. via the tidal disruption of stars, to form a supermassive black hole.
A simple two-component description of mass segregation for anisotropic globular clusters
Authors: Torniamenti S. , Bertin G. , Bianchini P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs a result of the slow action of two-body encounters, globular clusters develop mass segregation and attain a condition of only partial energy equipartition even in their central, most relaxed regions. Realistic numerical simulations show that, during the process, a radially-biased anisotropy profile slowly builds up, mimicking that resulting from incomplete violent relaxation. Commonly used dynamical models, such as the one-component King models, cannot describe these properties. Here we show that simple two-component models based on a distribution function originally conceived to describe elliptical galaxies, recently truncated and adapted to the context of globular clusters, can describe in detail what is observed in complex and realistic numerical simulations.
Unexpected kinematics of multiple populations in globular clusters
Authors: Dalessandro Emanuele 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPresent-day structural and kinematical properties of multiple populations (MPs) can provide useful information about the physical mechanisms driving the formation and early evolution of globular clusters (GCs). As part of a large project aimed at characterizing the kinematics of MPs, here we present a detailed multi-epoch analysis of the low-mass GC NGC6362. We find that MPs in this system show significant differences in their line-of-sight velocity dispersion profiles. This result is totally unexpected given the dynamical age and fraction of mass lost by NGC6362. We also find that the binary fraction is remarkably larger in the first (FP) than in the second population (SP). We show that such a difference can efficiently inflate the velocity dispersion of FP at intermediate/large cluster-centric distances with respect to SP. Indeed, our results nicely match the predictions of state-of-the art N-body simulations of the co-evolution of MPs in GCs including the effect of binaries.
Hunting for Globular Clusters in the early universe
Authors: Phipps Frederika , Khochfar Sadegh , Lisa Varri Anna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSetting the formation of globular clusters (GCs) within a cosmological context and characterising the properties of proto-GCs at high redshift is currently a major challenge. In this work, we address that challenge by exploring a suit of high-resolution cosmological simulations from the First Billion Years (FiBY) project z at ⩾6 to investigate theoretical scenarios concerning the formation of old, low-mass stellar systems with a particular focus on GCs. Two distinct groups of objects are identified in the simulations. The first group of objects, with a high baryon fraction, we associate with proto-GCs. The second group, that exhibit a high stellar fraction, could be forming ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs). The objects with high baryon fraction are promising proto-GC candidates because they have little to no dark matter (DM), have number densities consistent with predictions from the literature, are very compact and have a high stellar density. We fit and also assess the redshift-zero globular system mass - halo mass relation and find it provides a reasonable fit to our proto-GC objects, indicating that this relation is likely set at formation.
MOCCA survey database I: Preliminary mock Extra Galactic Globular Cluster observations
Authors: Leveque Agostino , Giersz Mirosław 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe photometric properties that we could observe for Extra-Galactic Globular Clusters (EGGCs) are the integrated light of the system and for nearby EGGCs it also is possible to measure both half-light radii and the color spatial distribution, e.g. for areas smaller and larger than the half-light radius. No information about the internal dynamical state of the system could be directly obtained from observations. On the other hand, simulations of Globular Clusters (GCs) can provide detailed information about the dynamical evolution of the system.We present a preliminary study of EGGCs’ photometric properties for different dynamical evolutionary stages. We apply this study to 12Gyr old GCs simulated as part of the MOCCA Survey Database. We determine the magnitudes in different bands from their projected snapshots using the Flexible Stellar Population Synthesis (FSPS) code and we measure the half-light radii from the surface brightness.
Are most Cataclysmic Variables in Globular Clusters dynamically formed?
Authors: Belloni Diogo , Giersz Mirek , Sandoval Liliana E. Rivera , Askar Abbas , Ciecielag Pawel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe have been investigating populations of cataclysmic variables (CVs) in a set of more than 300 globular cluster (GC) models evolved with themoccacode.[-120pt] One of the main questions we have intended to answer is whether most CVs in GCs are dynamically formed or not. Contrary to what has been argued for a long time, we found that dynamical destruction of primordial CV progenitors is much stronger in GCs than dynamical formation of CVs. In particular, we found that, on average, the detectable CV population is predominantly composed of CVs formed via a typical common envelope phase (≳70 per cent). However, core-collapsed models tend to have higher fractions of bright CVs than non-core-collapsed ones, which suggests then that the formation of CVs is indeed slightly favoured through strong dynamical interactions in core-collapsed GCs, due to the high stellar densities in their cores.
What do globular clusters tell us about isolated ellipticals? The case of NGC 6411
Authors: Caso J. P. , Bassino Lilia P. , Richtler T. , Salinas R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe summarize the results from a study of the globular cluster (GC) system of the isolated elliptical galaxy NGC 6411, based on Gemini/GMOS g', r', i’ photometry. The extent of the globular cluster system is about 70 kpc. It contains ≍700 members. The colour distribution and luminosity function are typical of old GC systems. An excess of bright GCs with intermediate colours might evidence an intermediate-age merger.
Do three-body encounters in galactic nuclei affect compact binary merger rates?
Authors: Trani Alessandro A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHigh-density cusps of compact remnants are expected to form around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei via dynamical friction and two-body relaxation. Due to the high density, binaries in orbit around the SMBH can frequently undergo close encounters with compact remnants from the cusp. This can affect the gravitational wave merger rate of compact binaries in galactic nuclei. We investigated this process by means of high accuracy few-body simulations, performed with a novel Monte Carlo approach. We find that, around a SgrA*-like SMBH, three-body encounters increase the number of mergers by a factor of 3. This occurs because close encounters can reorient binaries with respect to their orbital plane around the SMBH, increasing the number of Kozai-Lidov induced mergers. We obtain a binary black hole merger rate of ГMW = 1.6 × 10−6 yr−1 per Milky Way-like nucleus.