bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sharp‐tailed Grouse in the Nebraska Sandhills Select Residual Cover Patches for Nest Sites
Authors: Vodehnal William L. , Schenbeck Gregory L. , Uresk Daniel W. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTWe evaluated selection and availability of residual cover (dead standing herbage) by sharp‐tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) at time of nest‐site selection in an intact and annually grazed grassland. We used radiotelemetry in 1988–1990 to locate 147 nests in the sandhills of Nebraska, USA, and classified 121 as initial nests and 26 as renests. We used visual obstruction readings (VOR) to measure the height and density of residual cover at nests and 373 landscape‐scale transects around leks (trap sites). We excluded 77 nests from vegetation analysis because green herbage or early livestock grazing compromised residual cover measurements. Most females selected nest sites with residual cover, mostly warm‐season grasses, taller and denser than surrounding vegetation. Visual obstruction readings at 70 nests ( = 7.1 cm, SE = 0.4, range = 1.0–19.0) averaged almost twice the VOR of residual cover within 12 m of nests ( = 4.0 cm, SE = 0.3, range = 0.9–11.8) and almost three times the landscape VOR ( = 2.5 cm, SE = 0.1, range = 0.5–7.9). As further evidence of the importance of residual cover, >52% (n > 37) of the females (initial nests) in 1988 and 1989 completed egg‐laying and were incubating before green herbage began contributing to nest cover. More than 88% (n > 42) of the females relied on residual cover through egg‐laying in 1990 when annual drought delayed foliar development. Interested ranchers and land managers can enhance residual cover through livestock grazing management to attract females and presumably increase nest density, a key component of annual sharp‐tailed grouse productivity. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
A suite of polymerase chain reaction‐based peptide tagging plasmids for epitope‐targeted enzymatic functionalization of yeast proteins
Authors: Nemec Antonia A. , Tomko Robert J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe budding yeast and model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been invaluable for purification and analysis of numerous evolutionarily conserved proteins and multisubunit complexes that cannot be readily reconstituted in Escherichia coli. For many studies, it is desirable to functionalize a particular protein or subunit of a complex with a ligand, fluorophore or other small molecule. Enzyme‐catalysed site‐specific modification of proteins bearing short peptide tags is a powerful strategy to overcome the limitations associated with traditional nonselective labelling chemistries. Towards this end, we developed a suite of template plasmids for C‐terminal tagging with short peptide sequences that can be site‐specifically functionalized with high efficiency and selectivity. We have also combined these sequences with the FLAG tag as a handle for purification or immunological detection of the modified protein. We demonstrate the utility of these plasmids by site‐specifically labelling the 28‐subunit core particle subcomplex of the 26S proteasome with the small molecule fluorophore Cy5. The full set of plasmids has been deposited in the non‐profit plasmid repository Addgene (http://www.addgene.org).
Can Vertical GPS Displacements Serve As Proxies for Climate Variability in North America?
Authors: Wdowinski Shimon , van Dam Tonie M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVertical crustal displacements induced by atmospheric, hydrological, cryospheric, and oceanic load changes are detectable with sub-cm accuracy by precise continuous GPS measurements. Areas subjected to rapid load changes due to ice sheet melt, drought, massive groundwater extraction, or lake level drop, are characterized by a dominant non-linear vertical signal. Here, we investigate possible relations between vertical crustal movements and climate change by analyzing the relations between observed GPS vertical movements, predicted movements, and climatic indices, where we have long GPS time series (>20 years). Applying our analysis to GPS records from western and eastern North America indicates different load change characteristics. In the western US, the seasonal and climatic signals are dominated by hydrological load changes and, consequently, the GPS signal correlates well with the Palmer Severe Drought Index (PSDI) calculated for the same region. However, vertical crustal movements in eastern North America, as detected by long GPS time series, reveal poor correlation with PSDI and other climatic indices. Our results suggest that long continuous GPS observations of vertical crustal displacements primarily driven by climate related changes in water storage can serve as independent measures of regional-scale climate change in some cases, mainly in western north America.
Über mediale Präsenz und Prominenz DNA-gestützter Vergangenheitsforschung
Authors: Samida Stefanie 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Molekulargenetik bietet seit ein paar Jahren völlig neue Zugänge zur menschlichen Vergangenheit. Das noch junge und sehr dynamische Forschungsfeld der Archäogenetik (auch Paläogenetik oder Genetic History) nimmt für sich in Anspruch, Geschichte schreiben zu können, und zwar über alte DNA. Durch zahlreiche beachtenswerte Veröffentlichungen hat es viel Aufmerksamkeit erzeugt und erfahren – nicht nur im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs, sondern auch in den Medien. Allerdings erfährt die mediale Berichterstattung von der Forschung bisher wenig Beachtung. Auch der Forumsbeitrag kann dieses Desiderat nicht beheben, sucht aber – mit einem exemplarischen Blick auf die Presseberichterstattung – erste Tendenzen einzufangen. Dies geschieht anhand von drei Thesen, sie lauten: Erfolgsgeschichten erzählen, Grenzen ziehen und konformistisch schreiben.
Pathologie der Mamillenregion
Authors: Streng Agathe , Gutjahr Ewgenija , Aulmann Sebastian , Flechtenmacher Christa , Toberer Ferdinand , Heil Jörg , Böcker Werner , Sinn Peter 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDer klassische M. Paget der Mamille ist histologisch charakterisiert durch eine intraepidermale Tumorinfiltration, die von einem intraduktalen oder invasiven Mammakarzinom ausgeht, immunhistologisch durch eine regelhafte Überexpression von HER2 und klinisch durch ekzemartige Veränderungen von Mamille und Areola. Zu den Varianten mit davon abweichenden histologischen, immunhistologischen und klinischen Erscheinungsformen gehören der isolierte M. Paget der Mamille, der anaplastische M. Paget, der M. Paget mit Invasion und der pigmentierte M. Paget der Mamille. Differenzialdiagnostisch ist der M. Paget der Mamille abzugrenzen gegenüber benignen Veränderungen, insbesondere der Toker-Zell-Hyperplasie, dem Mamillenekzem und seltenen Dermatosen.
Cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation-mediated rise of sinus rate in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wagner Lara , Darche Fabrice F. , Thomas Dierk , Lugenbiel Patrick , Xynogalos Panagiotis , Seide Svenja , Scholz Eberhard P. , Katus Hugo A. , Schweizer Patrick A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Modulation of the cardiac autonomic nervous system by pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) influences the sinoatrial nodal rate. Little is known about the causes, maintenance and prognostic value of this phenomenon. We set out to explore the effects of cryoballoon PVI (cryo-PVI) on sinus rate and its significance for clinical outcome.

Methods and results
We evaluated 110 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), who underwent PVI using a second-generation 28 mm cryoballoon by pre-, peri- and postprocedural heart rate acquisition and analysis of clinical outcome. Ninety-one patients could be included in postinterventional follow-up, indicating that cryo-PVI resulted in a significant rise of sinus rate by 16.5% (+ 9.8 ± 0.9 beats/min, p < 0.001) 1 day post procedure compared to preprocedural acquisition. This effect was more pronounced in patients with initial sinus bradycardia (< 60 beats/min.) compared to patients with faster heart rate. Increase of rate was primarily driven by ablation of the right superior pulmonary vein and for a subset of patients, in whom this could be assessed, persisted ≥ 1 year after the procedure. AF recurrence was neither predicted by the magnitude of the initial rate, nor by the extent of rate change, but postprocedural sinus bradycardia was associated with higher recurrence of AF in the year post PVI.

Conclusions
Cryo-PVI causes a significant rise of sinus rate that is more pronounced in subjects with previous sinus bradycardia. Patient follow-up indicates persistence of this effect and suggests an increased risk of AF recurrence in patients with postprocedural bradycardia.

Graphic abstract
Measurement in opaque flows: a review of measurement techniques for dispersed multiphase flows
Authors: Poelma Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA review is presented of measurement techniques to characterise dispersed multiphase flows, which are not accessible by means of conventional optical techniques. The main issues that limit the accuracy and effectiveness of optical techniques are briefly discussed: cross-talk, a reduced signal-to-noise ratio, and (biased) data drop-out. Extensions to the standard optical techniques include the use of fluorescent tracers, refractive index matching, ballistic imaging, structured illumination, and optical coherence tomography. As the first non-optical technique, a brief discussion of electrical capacitance tomography is given. While truly non-invasive, it suffers from a low resolving power. Ultrasound-based techniques have rapidly evolved from Doppler-based profiling to recent 2D approaches using feature tracking. The latter is also suitable for time-resolved flow studies. Magnetic resonance velocimetry can provide time-averaged velocity fields in 3D for the continuous phase. Finally, X-ray imaging is demonstrated to be an important tool to quantify local gas fractions. While potentially very powerful, the impact of the techniques will depend on the development of acquisition and measurement protocols for fluid mechanics, rather than for clinical imaging. This requires systematic development, aided by careful validation experiments. As theoretical predictions for multiphase flows are sparse, it is important to formulate standardised ‘benchmark’ flows to enable this validation.
The nature of multiple boron-nitrogen bonds studied using electron localization function (ELF), electron density (AIM), and natural bond orbital (NBO) methods
Authors: Mierzwa Grzegorz , Gordon Agnieszka J. , Berski Slawomir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLocal nature of the boron-nitrogen (BN) bonding with different formal multiplicities (B≡N, B=N, B-N) have been investigated for 25 experimentally established organoboron molecules in both real and the Hilbert space, using topological analysis of electron localization function (ELF), electron density (AIM), and natural bond orbital (NBO) method. Each BN bond has been represented (ELF) by the bonding disynaptic attractor V(B,N), with the basin electron population between 5.72e and 1.83e, confirming possible existence of all the three bond types. A covalent character of bonding can be associated with the dative mechanism due to the V(B,N) bonding basin formed mainly (91–96%) by the N electron density. Similarly, the NBO method shows 2-center natural orbitals, consisting largely of the hybrids from the N atom. The AIM analysis yields the features typical for shared (H(3,−1)(r) < 0) and closed-shell (∇2ρ(3,−1)(r) > 0) interactions. The delocalization indices, describing electron exchanges between B and N quantum atoms, are smaller than 1.5, even for formally very short triple B≡N bonds.
Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying brain metastasis of breast cancer
Authors: Hosonaga Mari , Saya Hideyuki , Arima Yoshimi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMetastasis of cancer cells to the brain occurs frequently in patients with certain subtypes of breast cancer. In particular, patients with HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer are at high risk for the development of brain metastases. Despite recent advances in the treatment of primary breast tumors, the prognosis of breast cancer patients with brain metastases remains poor. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying brain metastasis might be expected to lead to improvements in the overall survival rate for these patients. Recent studies have revealed complex interactions between metastatic cancer cells and their microenvironment in the brain. Such interactions result in the activation of various signaling pathways related to metastasis in both cancer cells and cells of the microenvironment including astrocytes and microglia. In this review, we focus on such interactions and on their role both in the metastatic process and as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
High Recreational Gamblers Show Increased Stimulatory Effects of an Acute Laboratory Gambling Challenge
Authors: Miller L. , Gordh A. Söderpalm 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGambling in moderation is a socially acceptable behavior and over 60% of the Swedish population gambles every year. It has been seen that slot machines are one of the most addictive and problematic forms of gambling and contribute highly to an addictive behavior.
It is unclear why some individuals intensify their gambling behavior over time to extreme levels while others do not. Initial positive response of a drug or as in this case a gambling behavior, most likely influences the likelihood of continuing use in non-addicted individuals. Therefore, we wanted to investigate if recreational gamblers show an altered subjective response to an online gambling challenge, e.g. to casino gambling. The present study was designed to examine the subjective effects after an acute gambling challenge, in healthy recreational gamblers compared with non-gamblers. Eighty-two subjects participated in the study. They were challenged with an acute online slot machine gambling challenge and self-report questionnaires of mood and blood pressure were taken before and after gambling. The gamblers, and more specifically the high recreational gamblers, reported increased stimulative effects after the gambling challenge in comparison to the non-gamblers. Findings suggests that gamblers experience significantly higher arousal effects to an acute online slot machine challenge. This response may be a uniquely predictive behavior for increased risk of gambling addiction.
Changes in Turkish- and Resettler-origin Adolescents’ Acculturation Profiles of Identification: A Three-year Longitudinal Study from Germany
Authors: Jugert Philipp , Pink Sebastian , Fleischmann Fenella , Leszczensky Lars 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLittle is known on how ethnic minority adolescents develop acculturation profiles of identification (i.e., how they combine their ethnic and national identification, such as being high on both and thus rather “integrated” or high on ethnic and low on national and thus rather “separated”). In a first step, this 3-year longitudinal study classified Turkish (n = 344) and resettler-origin (n = 121) ethnic minority adolescents living in Germany (Mage = 14.2, SD = 1.54, 51.6% female) according to their levels of ethnic and national identification. Latent profile analyses identified four profiles (separated, integrated, medium-ethnic, low-ethnic) for the former and three profiles (separated, integrated, low-and-medium ethnic) for the latter group. Latent transition analyses revealed considerable instability of profile attributions over time. Integration declined among both groups and results provided no evidence that national group boundaries are more permeable for resettler-origin than for Turkish-origin adolescents. Additional analyses revealed that perceived ethnic discrimination affected the probability to be in a particular profile but did not moderate transition probabilities. Overall, results suggest that during early-to-mid adolescence it is increasingly difficult to uphold a dual identity.
Cytoplasmic diversity of potato relatives preserved at Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute in Poland
Authors: Smyda-Dajmund Paulina , Śliwka Jadwiga , Janiszewska Marta , Zimnoch-Guzowska Ewa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAmong different types of potato cytoplasmic genomes, some are associated with male sterility or affect agronomic traits. The goal of this study was to analyze types of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of selected potato relatives originating from collection of the Institute of Plant Industry, Saint Petersburg, Russia, and preserved in Poland. Using chloroplast and mitochondrial markers the cytoplasm types were determined for 401 genotypes belonging to 43 seed accessions of 28Solanumspecies. Among characterized genotypes, 201 (50.1%), 156 (38.9%) and 44 (11%) had cytoplasm types W, D, M, respectively. No accessions with the T, P or A cytoplasm were found. Within cytoplasm W, genotypes with the subtypes: W/α and W/β were identified, but not with W/γ. InS. famatinae, we detected unusual product of the T marker with 65 bp insertion earlier seen exclusively inS. vernei. Among the genotypes ofS. leptophyes, two profiles of the ALM_4/ALM_5 marker were observed.S. famatinaeandS. verneicome from Argentina, provinces Catamarca and Tucumán. Possibly the insertion in marker T occurred independently in two species, or the accessions were misidentified. Segregation of the ALM_4/ALM_5 marker withinS. leptophyesindicates that potato seed accessions are heterogeneous not only due to nuclear DNA polymorphisms but have diversified cytoplasm, too. Our findings are important for exploitation of the tested material in potato breeding. Male-fertile cytoplasm types give a chance of avoiding fertility problems and widening the range of crosses in future generations of breeding materials.
Are suicide terrorists different from ‘regular militants’?
Authors: Sabri Amir , Schulze Günther G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe analyze the differences in the socioeconomic profiles between suicide terrorists and ‘regular’ militants using a dataset of 1596 militants (including 209 suicide terrorists) from Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ). We find that suicide terrorists are better educated, younger, less likely to be married or have children, and less likely to live in the Gaza strip than their non-suicide counterparts. Moreover, although the profiles of Hamas and PIJ militants are distinctively different, the suicide terrorists are very similar to one another.
How do banks interact with fintech startups?
Authors: Hornuf Lars , Klus Milan F. , Lohwasser Todor S. , Schwienbacher Armin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe increasing pervasiveness of technology-driven firms that offer financial services has led to growing pressure on traditional banks to modernize their core business activities and services. Many banks tackle the challenges of digitalization by cooperating with startup firms that offer technology-driven financial services and novel service packages (fintechs). In this article, we examine which banks typically collaborate with fintechs, how intensely they do so, and which form of alliance they prefer. Using hand-collected data covering the largest banks from Canada, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, we provide detailed evidence on the different forms of alliances occurring in practice. We show that banks are significantly more likely to form alliances with fintechs when they pursue a well-defined digital strategy and/or employ a chief digital officer. Moreover, in line with incomplete contract theory, we find that banks more frequently invest in small fintechs but often build product-related collaborations with larger fintechs.
Abstract relations: bibliography and the infra-structures of modern mathematics
Authors: Barany Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBeginning at the end of the nineteenth century, systematic scientific abstracting played a crucial role in reconfiguring the sciences on an international scale. For mathematicians, the 1931 launch of theZentralblatt für Mathematikand 1940 launch ofMathematical Reviewsmarked and intensified a fundamental transformation, not just to the geographic scale of professional mathematics but to the very nature of mathematicians’ research and theories. It was not an accident that mathematical abstracting in this period coincided with an embrace across mathematical research fields of a distinctive form of symbolic and conceptual abstraction. This essay examines the historical, institutional, embodied, and conceptual bases of mathematical abstracting and abstraction in the mid-twentieth century, placing them in historical context within the first half of the twentieth century and then examining their consequences and legacies for the second half of the twentieth century and beyond. Focused on scale, media, and the relationship between mathematical knowledge and its forms of articulation, my analysis connects the changing social structure of modern mathematical research communities to their changing domains of investigation and resources for representation and collective understanding.
Autoethnography as an Authentic Learning Activity in Online Doctoral Education: an Integrated Approach to Authentic Learning
Authors: Lee Kyungmee 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnder the constructivist learning paradigm, which emphasises authenticity as a required condition for learning, distance educators have been striving to create authentic learning environments that reflect the real world. However, it is inevitably challenging to make an online learning environment authentic for learners when it is ultimately separated from their real-life contexts. Particularly, in online doctoral education, given the diversity among online learners, even defining “what is real and to whom” is a difficult task. This paper argues that the epistemological approach to authentic learning, based on the constructivist learning paradigm, is not sufficient to make online learning “authentically” meaningful. The paper introduces an alternative, ontological approach stemming from the transformative learning paradigm, and suggests autoethnography as one authentic learning activity that can effectively integrate the epistemological and ontological approaches to authentic learning in online doctoral education. Such a comprehensive conceptualisation of authentic learning, as an integrated process of both knowing and becoming, allows each doctoral student to become a more authentic self across their learning and living environments.
Virtual Reality Therapy in Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Emmelkamp Paul M. G. , Meyerbröker Katharina , Morina Nexhmedin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review provides an overview of current methods and important aspects to consider when applying virtual worlds in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD).

Recent Findings
Different aspects such as dialogs between avatars and patients have been investigated as well as virtual audiences, emotional facial expression, and verbal interaction with avatars. Results of these studies are promising. Few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) in SAD. Unfortunately, most RCTs into the efficacy of VRET in comparison with exposure in vivo in SAD have been conducted with a combination of cognitive interventions and VRET. No differences between these conditions were found, but the pure effect of VRET as a stand-alone treatment has only been investigated in one RCT, wherein VRET was not superior to exposure in vivo.

Summary
Current research into different facets of SAD and VRET has produced promising results with respect to technological aspects. No differences in efficacy between cognitive behavior therapy and VRET were found, but there is a clear need for studies investigating the efficacy of VRET as a stand-alone treatment and the therapeutic processes involved before this therapy can be disseminated in routine clinical practice.