bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental crossover study on the effects of withholding feed for 24 h on the equine faecal bacterial microbiota in healthy mares
Authors: Willette Jaclyn A. , Pitta Dipti , Indugu Nagaraju , Vecchiarelli Bonnie , Hennessy Meagan L. , Dobbie Tamara , Southwood Louise L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
An association between equine gastrointestinal disease causing colic signs and changes in faecal bacterial microbiota has been identified. The reasons for these changes and their clinical relevance has not been investigated. Withholding feed, which is an integral part of managing horses with colic, may contribute to the observed changes in the microbiota and impact interpretation of findings in horses with colic. Study objectives were, therefore, to determine the effect of withholding feed for 24 h on equine faecal bacterial microbiota in healthy mares to differentiate the effects of withholding feed from the changes potentially associated with the disease.

Results
Species richness and Shannon diversity (alpha diversity) were significantly lower at the late withheld (10–24 h post withholding feed) and early refed (2–12 h post re-feeding) time points compared to samples from fed horses (P < 0.01). Restoration of species richness and diversity began to occur at the late refed (18–24 h post re-feeding) time points. Horses having feed withheld had a distinct bacterial population compared to fed horses (beta diversity). Bacteroidetes BS11 and Firmicutes Christensenellaceae, Christensenella, and Dehalobacteriaceae were significantly increased in horses withheld from feed primarily during the late withheld and early refed time points. Bacteroidetes Marinilabiaceae and Prevotellaceae, Firmicutes Veillonellaceae, Anaerovibrio, and Bulleidia, and Proteobacteria GMD14H09 were significantly decreased in horses with feed withheld at late withheld, early refed, and late refed time periods (P < 0.01). Changes in commensal gut microbiota were not significant between groups.

Conclusions
Withholding feed has a significant effect on faecal bacterial microbiota diversity and composition particularly following at least 10 h of withholding feed and should be taken into consideration when interpreting data on the equine faecal bacterial microbiota in horses.
Isoliquiritin ameliorates depression by suppressing NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis via miRNA-27a/SYK/NF-κB axis
Authors: Li Yuanjie , Song Wen , Tong Yue , Zhang Xia , Zhao Jianjun , Gao Xiaojuan , Yong Jingjiao , Wang Hanqing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, which could be regulated by miRNA-27a, is a key player in the development of depression. Isoliquiritin is a phenolic flavonoid compound that has been demonstrated to suppress NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. However, it is still unknown whether isoliquiritin could confer antidepressant activity via decreasing NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis by stimulating miRNA-27a. Thus, in the current study, we explored the antidepressant activity of isoliquiritin and its underlying mechanism.

Methods
Expression of miRNA-27a in depressed patients or mice was measured using qRT-PCR. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to illustrate the link between miRNA-27a and SYK. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) depression models were established to investigate the antidepressant actions of isoliquiritin. Changes in miRNA-27a/SYK/NF-κB axis and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis were also examined. The role of miRNA-27a in isoliquiritin-related antidepressant effect was further investigated by using miRNA-27a inhibitors and mimics of miRNA-27a.

Results
Our results showed the miRNA-27a expression was downregulated in the serum of depressed patients, and decreased serum and hippocampus expression of miRNA-27a were observed in rodent models of depression. SYK gene expression was significantly reduced by miRNA-27a mimic incubation. Isoliquiritin profoundly attenuated LPS or CSDS-induced depressive symptoms, as well as CSDS-induced anxiety behavior. In the hippocampus, LPS and CSDS decreased miRNA-27a mRNA expression; increased the protein levels of SYK, p-NF-κB, and NLRP3: cleaved Caspase-1, IL-1β, and GSDMD-N: and elevated the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, which were all restored by isoliquiritin administration. Meanwhile, isoliquiritin upregulated the hippocampal NeuN protein level, improved the survival and morphology of neurons, and decreased pyroptosis-related neuronal cell death. Moreover, isoliquiritin protected primary microglia against LPS and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) elicited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro, evidenced by declined protein levels of p-NF-κB, NLRP3; cleaved Caspase-1, IL-1β, and GSDMD-N; upregulated miRNA-27a mRNA expression; and decreased the mRNA and protein levels of SYK. Nevertheless, miRNA-27a inhibitors significantly reversed isoliquiritin-generated therapeutic efficacy in CSDS mice and in vitro. Furthermore, the cytoprotective effect of isoliquiritin was similar to that of miRNA-27a mimics in LPS and ATP-treated primary microglia.
Taken together, these findings suggest that isoliquiritin possesses potent antidepressant property, which requires miRNA-27a/SYK/NF-κB axis controlled decrease of pyroptosis via NLRP3 cascade.
Change in cognitive function according to cholinesterase inhibitor use and amyloid PET positivity in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Pyun Jung-Min , Ryoo Nayoung , Park Young Ho , Kim SangYun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are an FDA-approved symptomatic treatment for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Its efficacy in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), however, is controversial. Nonetheless, ChEIs have often been used in patients with MCI. From the perspective that ChEIs were developed based on the pathomechanism of AD, the effect of ChEIs in MCI patients could be different depending on the amyloid burden. In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to investigate the influence of ChEIs and amyloid burden on cognitive change for 1 year in patients with MCI.MethodsWe included 111 patients with MCI with a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0.5, a 1-year follow-up cognitive assessment, and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) performed within 6 months before or after the baseline cognitive assessment (73 ChEI users and 38 ChEI non-users) from the Neurocognitive Behavior Center of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Additionally, those who had a positive amyloid PET scan more than 6 months before the baseline cognitive assessment and those who had a negative amyloid PET scan more than 6 months after the 1-year follow-up cognitive assessment were also included. Among the total 111 patients, 25 ChEI users and 25 ChEI non-users were matched by baseline Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, age, educational level, CDR Sum of Boxes, and amyloid PET positivity using propensity score matching. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the influence of ChEI use and amyloid PET positivity on cognitive change for 1 year. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between ChEI use and disease progression to CDR 1 at the 1-year follow-up visit.ResultsChEI use or non-use was not associated with cognitive change for 1 year. Amyloid PET positivity or negativity did not change this non-association. Furthermore, progression to CDR 1 was related to low baseline MMSE score (OR 0.606, CI 0.381–0.873), but not with ChEI use or non-use, and not with amyloid PET result.ConclusionChEI use or non-use was not related to cognitive change at a 1-year follow-up visit in patients with or without amyloid burden. In addition, ChEI use or non-use could not predict disease progression to CDR 1 at 1-year follow-up visit.
Oscillation of nonlinear third-order difference equations with mixed neutral terms
Authors: Alzabut Jehad , Bohner Martin , Grace Said R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, new oscillation results for nonlinear third-order difference equations with mixed neutral terms are established. Unlike previously used techniques, which often were based on Riccati transformation and involve limsup or liminf conditions for the oscillation, the main results are obtained by means of a new approach, which is based on a comparison technique. Our new results extend, simplify, and improve existing results in the literature. Two examples with specific values of parameters are offered.
Recent progress in pancreatic islet cell therapy
Authors: Sim Erinn Zixuan , Shiraki Nobuaki , Kume Shoen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, are promising cell sources in regenerating pancreatic islets through in vitro directed differentiation. Recent progress in this research field has made it possible to generate glucose-responsive pancreatic islet cells from PSCs. Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have been applied to analyze PSC-derived endocrine beta-cells, which are then compared with human islets. This has led to the identification of novel signaling pathways and molecules involved in lineage commitment during pancreatic differentiation and maturation processes. Single-cell transcriptomics are also used to construct a detailed map of in vivo endocrine differentiation of developing mouse embryos to study pancreatic islet development. Mimicking those occurring in vivo, it was reported that differentiating PSCs can generate similar islet cell structures, while metabolomics analysis highlighted key components involved in PSC-derived pancreatic islet cell function, providing information for the improvement of in vitro pancreatic maturation procedures. In addition, cell transplantation into diabetic animal models, together with the cell delivery system, is studied to ensure the therapeutic potentials of PSC-derived pancreatic islet cells. Combined with gene-editing technology, the engineered mutation-corrected PSC lines originated from diabetes patients could be differentiated into functional pancreatic islet cells, suggesting possible autologous cell therapy in the future. These PSC-derived pancreatic islet cells are a potential tool for studies of disease modeling and drug testing. Herein, we outlined the directed differentiation procedures of PSC-derived pancreatic islet cells, novel findings through transcriptome and metabolome studies, and recent progress in disease modeling.
First detection of ranavirus in a wild population of Dybowski’s brown frog (Rana dybowskii) in South Korea
Authors: Park Jaejin , Grajal-Puche Alejandro , Roh Nam-Ho , Park Il-Kook , Ra Nam-Yong , Park Daesik 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Ranavirus is an emerging infectious disease which has been linked to mass mortality events in various amphibian species. In this study, we document the first mass mortality event of an adult population of Dybowski’s brown frogs (Rana dybowskii), in 2017, within a mountain valley in South Korea.

Results
We confirmed the presence of ranavirus from all collected frogs (n = 22) via PCR and obtained the 500 bp major capsid protein (MCP) sequence from 13 individuals. The identified MCP sequence highly resembled Frog virus 3 (FV3) and was the same haplotype of a previously identified viral sequence collected from Huanren brown frog (R. huanrenensis) tadpoles in South Korea. Human habitat alteration, by recent erosion control works, may be partially responsible for this mass mortality event.

Conclusion
We document the first mass mortality event in a wild Korean population of R. dybowskii. We also suggest, to determine if ranavirus infection is a threat to amphibians, government officials and researchers should develop continuous, country-wide, ranavirus monitoring programs of Korean amphibian populations.
Protecting the orbital angular momentum of photonic qubits using quantum error correction
Authors: Zhu Kuntuo , Yin Liuguo , Wang Chuan , Long Guilu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Photons with orbital angular momentum provide an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. Here, we study the propagation of such photons in atmospheric turbulence and obtain the Kraus operator representation for the decoherence-induced noise. We apply quantum error correction to suppress this decoherence. Specifically, we treat correction as an optimization problem in which the distance between the actual channel and the desired channel is minimized. This method provides significant channel fidelity enhancement irrespective of the turbulence strength.
Influence of CBCT-based volumetric distortion and beam hardening artefacts on the assessment of root canal filling quality in isthmus-containing molars
Authors: Rodrigues Clarissa Teles , Jacobs Reinhilde , Vasconcelos Karla Faria , Lambrechts Paul , Rubira-Bullen Izabel Regina Fisher , Gaêta-Araujo Hugo , Oliveira-Santos Christiano , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro 
Published: January 2021

Objectives:To evaluate the influence of artefacts in cone beam CT (CBCT) images of filled root canals in isthmus-containing molars.Methods:10 teeth presenting canals with an isthmus were instrumented and filled with a thermoplasticised obturation technique. The teeth were scanned using a micro-CT device and two CBCT devices: 3D Accuitomo 170 (ACC) and NewTom VGi evo (NT), with different acquisition protocols: larger and smaller voxel size. Three examiners assessed the CBCT images for: (1) detection of filling voids; (2) assessment of under- or overestimation of the filling material and (3) resemblance of CBCT images to the reference standard. Analyses of Task 1 yielded accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for detection of filling voids. For tasks 2 and 3, statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon test. The level of significance was set at p < .05.Results:For Task 1, ACC showed higher sensitivity, whereas NT presented higher specificity. No significant difference was found between the protocols in ACC, however, for NT, differences between protocols were significant for all diagnostic values. In Task 2, visualisation of the filling was overestimated for NT, while for ACC, underestimation was observed. For Task 3, images with smaller voxel size were more similar to the reference image, for both CBCT devices.Conclusions:Different artefacts compromise the detection of filling voids on CBCT images of canals in mandibular molars with isthmus. ACC and NT present rather similar diagnostic accuracy, even though artefact expression remains device-specific.
Managing Opportunistic Consumer Returns in Retail Operations
Authors: Altug Mehmet Sekip , Aydinliyim Tolga , Jain Aditya 
Published: January 2021

Retailers use lenient return policies to stimulate demand and increase revenues, as such policies help customers assess uncertain product valuations at low (or no) return cost and yield higher equilibrium prices. However, generous refunds also yield unintended consequences such as opportunistic returns, which take place when customers intentionally rent a product for short-term use. Accounting for 11% of all product returns in the United States in 2017, opportunistic returns prompt retailers to seek tactics to address adverse revenue and cost implications. We consider two alternative proposals using a price- and refund-setting newsvendor framework with two customer types: honest returners and renters. The first proposal, targeted-refunds, uses retail analytics firms to distinguish renters from honest returners and implements return policies tailored for each segment. The second proposal, menu-of-refunds, presents customers multiple price-refund pairs and lets them self-select. We compare and contrast the optimal decisions and the profit implications of both proposals with respect to two benchmark settings: one without any renters and another proposal, uniform-refunds, wherein the retailer merely reoptimizes its decisions while acknowledging that renters exist. We characterize the conditions under which the menu-of-refunds proposal separates customer types and thus matching or exceeding the performance of the targeted-refunds proposal. Furthermore, we study several alternative model specifications to confirm that our main finding concerning the effectiveness of the menu-of-refunds proposal is robust. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
The Effective Diffusion of Educational Robotics in Rural Areas: A Case Study in the Sakha Republic of Russia
Authors: Maximova Maria , Kim Young Hwan 
Published: January 2021

<p style="text-align:justify">The purpose of this study was to find the determinants of effective diffusion of educational robotics in rural areas. The study analysed the key components, difficulties, and major lessons of the successful case of the remote northern region of Russia – Sakha Republic. The study used a mixed-method approach consisting of interviews, survey, literature analysis, and participants’ observation. In the survey participated 57 robotics teachers and 113 elementary, middle, and high school students of the Sakha Republic. From survey participants were randomly chosen 30 robotics teachers and 18 middle and high school students for the interview. The literature analysis explored reports and articles on the educational robotics activities in the Sakha Republic for the period of 2011-2018. Based on the findings, the study developed a process model with five principles and ten components that influenced educational robotics diffusion in the Sakha Republic. One of the main determinants of the model was a support system of public-private partnerships and a local community of educators. Another was the need to consider the local area’s constraints, possibilities, and culture when implementing any technology in the rural region's education. In the researched case two major determinants would not be possible and sustainable without strong leadership. The findings showed that strong local leadership could use knowledge of the local area to provide more appropriate solutions and could build the active support of the local community and public-private partnerships that would accelerate the diffusion of technology in the rural region's education.</p>
Static and Dynamic Space Usage of Late-Gestation Sows
Authors: Leonard Suzanne M. , Xin Hongwei , Ramirez Brett C. , Stinn John P. , Dutta Somak , Liu Kai , Brown-Brandl Tami M 
Published: January 2021

HighlightsA calibration procedure was conducted using a Kinect V2 to convert image pixels to physical measurements.A total of 61 sows were observed, and their static and dynamic space usage was measured from depth images.Equations were developed to predict the length, width, and height of sow space usage.Abstract. The amount of space provided to individually housed sows has both financial and animal welfare implications. Many U.S. swine producers use stall dimensions based on recommendations published in the 1980s (length × width × height: 2.13 m × 0.61 m × 1.00 m). Limited empirical data are available concerning the space allocation needed to accommodate modern sows housed in stalls during breeding, gestation, or farrowing. This study used a time-of-flight depth sensor to quantify static and dynamic space usage of 61 modern sows in late gestation. A calibration equation was developed to convert image pixels to physical dimensions. Statistical models were developed to relate the length, width, and height of sow space usage to body weight. The dimensions of sow space usage were then predicted. Results showed that free choice space usage of average (228 kg) sows was 1.96 m × 1.15 m × 0.93 m (length × width × height). For 95th percentile (267 kg) sows, space usage was 2.04 m × 1.12 m × 0.95 m. The width of space usage was primarily attributed to sow body depth when lying recumbent and the dynamic space used for transitioning between postures. These results help to inform future gestating and farrowing sow housing designs. Further work is needed to understand how restrictions on sow space usage may impact sow welfare and production performance, as well as the space needed to perform behaviors such as defecating, feeding, and turning around. Keywords: Animal welfare, Computer vision, Farrowing stall, Gestation stall, Kinect V2, Space allowance.
Freeform optical surface design in an off-axis reflective imaging system by a double seed curve extension algorithm
Authors: Zhang YangLiu , Wang Xu , Su ZhouPing , Pan HongXiang , Chen XingTao , Zhang WenYu 
Published: January 2021

A double seed curve extension (DSCE) method is proposed to design a freeform surface directly in an off-axis reflective imaging system. Compared with the basic seed curve extension (SCE) method, the DSCE can effectively reduce the error of freeform surface construction and improve the imaging quality of the off-axis reflective imaging system. In addition, the method can be employed to design an off-axis reflective imaging system consisting of multiple freeform surfaces with several virtual image points set in advance. In order to verify the DSCE method, three examples are given. One is the off-axis freeform one-mirror system, one is a compact off-axis three-mirror imaging system with two freeform surfaces, and the other is an off-axis reflective system with three freeform surfaces. The modulation transfer function (MTF) of the one-mirror system is greater than 0.9 at 20 lp/mm, which is close to the diffraction limit. The average of the sagittal and tangential MTFs of the second system designed by the SCE and DSCE methods are 0.26 and 0.74 at spatial frequency of 20 lp/mm, respectively. And the MTF of the last system designed by the DSCE method is greater than 0.9 at 20 lp/mm, which is better than that of the SCE method.
Coherence of a dynamically decoupled single neutral atom
Authors: Chow Chang Hoong , Ng Boon Long , Kurtsiefer Christian 
Published: January 2021

Long qubit coherence and efficient atom–photon coupling are essential for advanced applications in quantum communication. One technique to maintain coherence is dynamical decoupling (DD), where a periodic sequence of refocusing pulses is employed to reduce the interaction of the system with the environment. We experimentally study the implementation of DD on an optically trapped, spin-polarized

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via a closed optical transition. With more refocusing pulses in the DD technique, we manage to extend the coherence time from 38(3) µs to around 7 ms. We also observe a strong correlation between the motional states of the atom and the qubit coherence after the refocusing, which can be used as a measurement basis to resolve trapping parameters.
Plasmon-enhanced graphene photodetector with CMOS-compatible titanium
nitride
Authors: AlAloul Mohammed , Rasras Mahmoud 
Published: January 2021

Graphene has emerged as an ultrafast optoelectronic material for
on-chip photodetector applications. The 2D nature of graphene enables
its facile integration with complementary metal–oxide semiconductor
(CMOS) microelectronics and silicon photonics, yet graphene absorbs
only

∼

2.3
%

of light. Plasmonic metals can
enhance the responsivity of graphene photodetectors, but may result in
CMOS-incompatible devices, depending on the choice of metal. Here we
propose a plasmon-enhanced photothermoelectric graphene detector using
CMOS-compatible titanium nitride on the silicon-on-insulator platform.
The device performance is quantified by its responsivity, operation
speed, and noise equivalent power. Its bandwidth exceeds 100 GHz, and
it exhibits a nearly flat photoresponse across the telecom C-band. The
photodetector responsivity is as high as 1.4 A/W (1.1 A/W external) at
an ultra-compact length of 3.5 µm, which is the most compact footprint
reported for a graphene-based waveguide photodetector. Furthermore, it
operates at zero-bias, consumes zero energy, and has an ultra-low
intrinsic noise equivalent power (

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