bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living with the Past: Thoughts on Community Collaboration and Difficult History in Native American and Indigenous Studies
Authors: Silverman David J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
David Silverman offers a critical appraisal of two prizewinning works in Native American and Indigenous studies (NAIS), Our Beloved Kin: A New History of King Philip’s War, by Lisa Brooks, and Memory Lands: King Philip’s War and the Place of Violence in the Northeast, by Christine M. DeLucia. Silverman’s review treats the methodology associated with NAIS with some skepticism, offering the opportunity for a lively discussion about the merits and perils of community-engaged history scholarship. Four scholars of Native American history, including DeLucia, respond, defending new approaches to Indigenous history represented by these recent works.
In the Shadow of the Wind
Authors: Turner Sasha 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The 2018 publication of Julius S. Scott’s The Common Wind: Afro-American Currents in the Age of the Haitian Revolution inspired a renewed focus on the reverberations of the Haitian Revolution. Here, six scholars of the Atlantic World and the Age of Revolutions consider the historiographical implications of The Common Wind and remind us how the Haitian upheaval belongs at the very center of the ripples of modernity that spread across the globe from the revolutionary Atlantic.
Impecunious parties in international commercial arbitration
Authors: Engholm Cardoso Marcel Carvalho 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the possible effects that a party’s lack of funds can have on the arbitration agreement. It explains the different theories used to deal with this issue and proposes to classify them into substantive and jurisdictional solutions, depending on whether they propose an actual answer or examine it from a competence–competence perspective, thus simply deferring the question to the arbitrators without further guidance. The former category can also be divided into two further subgroups, in accordance with the weight given to the contractual nature of arbitration or to its jurisdictional nature. Finally, the article proposes a uniform solution under the New York Convention, arguing that impecuniosity might fall under the ‘incapable of being performed’ exception of article II(3). It concludes by proposing a narrow construction of this exception and putting forward four factors that practitioners should consider when deciding whether impecuniosity can void or suspend the effects of arbitration agreements.
Arbitration cases and preliminary references to the European Court of Justice—an assessment of ‘the Danish Solution’
Authors: Broberg Morten , Fenger Niels 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
When a case, that is pending before a national court in one of the Member States of the European Union, requires a decision on the interpretation or validity of an EU legal measure, the national court can seek a preliminary ruling on the matter from the European Court of Justice before deciding the main action. In its preliminary ruling, the European Court of Justice establishes authoritatively the interpretation or validity of the relevant EU legislation. When EU law plays a role in commercial arbitration it may be very useful for arbitration tribunals to have access to the preliminary reference procedure. However, according to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, only ‘a court or tribunal of a Member State’ can make a preliminary reference and this notion does not include commercial arbitration tribunals. In order to give arbitration tribunals access to the preliminary reference procedure Denmark has introduced a scheme which allows them to ask the ordinary Danish courts to make preliminary references on behalf of the arbitration tribunal. This article explains the Danish scheme and considers to what extent it provides a useful model for other Member States.
‘A Tale of Silent Suffering’: Wordsworth’s Poetics of Silence and its Function of Reintegration
Authors: Lo Yimon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Silence is an important aspect of Wordsworth’s treatment of sound and the auditory imagination. With different emphases, a number of critics have attended to the significance of silence in Wordsworth’s poetry. Various other scholars have addressed the notion of community in Wordsworth’s silence. Their readings encourage a reappraisal of Wordsworth’s poetics of silence as a mode of mournful reconciliation with forgotten communities. Alert to the ambiguities and contingencies in Wordsworth’s consolatory vision, my argument reinforces the social and communal function of silence rather than evaluating its achievement of compensation or reassurance in respect of loss and suffering. My reading engages with the emergent critical interest in Wordsworth’s use of negativity to offer a renewed perspective on how Wordsworth poeticizes the negative quality that silence lends to sound and mobilizes the idea of unattainable silence. Through debunking the conventional dualistic perception of sound and silence, my essay redefines the concept of auditory presence and absence to evaluate Wordsworth’s poetics of silence in terms of its effectiveness as a medium for social, spiritual, and imaginative reintegration.
Parallel Sequencing of Wolbachia wCer2 from Donor and Novel Hosts Reveals Multiple Incompatibility Factors and Genome Stability after Host Transfers
Authors: Morrow Jennifer L , Schneider Daniela I , Klasson Lisa , Janitz Caroline , Miller Wolfgang J , Riegler Markus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe application of Wolbachia in insect pest and vector control requires the establishment of genotypically stable host associations. The cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) inducing Wolbachia strain wCer2 naturally occurs in the cherry fruit fly Rhagoletis cerasi as co-infection with other strains and was transferred to other fruit fly species by embryonic microinjections. We obtained wCer2 genome data from its native and three novel hosts, Drosophila simulans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Ceratitis capitata and assessed its genome stability, characteristics, and CI factor (cif) genes. De novo assembly was successful from Wolbachia cell-enriched singly infected D. simulans embryos, with minimal host and other bacterial genome traces. The low yield of Wolbachia sequence reads from total genomic extracts of one multiply infected R. cerasi pupa and one singly infected C. capitata adult limited de novo assemblies but was sufficient for comparative analyses. Across hosts wCer2 was stable in genome synteny and content. Polymorphic nucleotide sites were found in wCer2 of each host; however, only one nucleotide was different between R. cerasi and C. capitata, and none between replicated D. simulans lines. The wCer2 genome is highly similar to wAu (D. simulans), wMel (D. melanogaster), and wRec (Drosophila recens). In contrast to wMel and wRec (each with one cif gene pair) and wAu (without any cif genes), wCer2 has three pairs of Type I cif genes, and one Type V cifB gene without a cifA complement. This may explain previously reported CI patterns of wCer2, including incomplete rescue of its own CI modification in three novel host species.
Thermal degradation and kinetic analysis of organic constituents in coal-gasification wastewater with a novel treatment
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Suilin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe traditional treatment of coal-gasification wastewater produces high solvent and operation cost, secondary pollution and long processing cycle. The aim of the paper was to attempt an alternative approach of wastewater treatment in coal gasification process. With wastewater being heated and sprayed into the gasifier, water participates in the water–gas shift reaction; meanwhile, organic constituents in wastewater are thermally degraded in specific conditions. In the study, thermal degradation and kinetic analysis of COD and NH3-N from Lurgi coal-gasification wastewater were conducted experimentally. The results showed that COD degradation can be divided into three reaction regions: 200–600, 600–1000 and 1000–1200°C. Also, NH3-N degradation can be divided as 200–400, 400–800 and 800–1200°C. The reaction temperature, oxygen concentration and reaction residence time can improve organic constituents’ degradation rate. The COD and NH3-N degradation rate ranks in the order oxidative &gt; inert &gt; reductive. It is because increasing oxygen concentration indicates more free radical generation and aromatic hydrocarbon polymerization was weakened. In addition, NO conversion with NH3 occurs within a narrow temperature window (800–1000°C). Thus, NO concentration reached the peak 230 mg/m3 at 800°C and then reduced with the increase in reaction temperature. Furthermore, a pseudo-first-order reaction model was implemented to analyse the kinetics of COD and NH3-N degradation rate. The results of the present study indicate that the proposed wastewater treatment is feasible and can be preferable reference for further practical application.
Reparation by Pecuniary Means of Direct Moral Damages Suffered by States as a Result of Internationally Wrongful Acts
Authors: Pirim Ceren Zeynep 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Contemporary international law requires full reparation for all material and moral damages suffered by States as a result of internationally wrongful acts and provides that reparation can take the form of restitution, compensation or satisfaction. While it is admitted that material damages which are financially assessable can be repaired by restitution and/or compensation, satisfaction seems to be reserved to the reparation of moral damages. As to whether moral damages suffered by States can be repaired by pecuniary means, the answer seems to be controversial. Moral damages indirectly suffered by States as a result of internationally wrongful acts committed against their citizens are considered, both by the jurisprudence and the international literature, as reparable by monetary means, through the existence of the individual substratum. However, the reparability by pecuniary means of direct moral damages doing harm to States’ dignity, honour and prestige is problematical. This article argues for the reparability by payments of money of moral damages and discusses the nature of the monetary payment that may be done to States in order to remediate such damages.
Petrogenesis of Secondary Diatexites and the Melt Budget for Crustal Reworking
Authors: Sawyer E W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the petrogenesis of diatexite migmatites and leucogranites in a granulite facies terrain and quantifies the melt budget for it. The anatectic rock types in the Ashuanipi Subprovince are: (1) melt-depleted orthopyroxene metatexite migmatite, (2) secondary diatexite migmatite formed where anatectic melt intruded, entrained and accumulated in the metatexite, and (3) leucogranite. The FeO, MgO, TiO2, Cr, Co and Sc contents of the diatexites are controlled by the fraction of entrained metatextite. However, most diatexites and many leucogranites are richer in (Na2O+CaO) but depleted in K2O relative to an anatectic melt + metatexite mixture. This, and the predominance of plagioclase + orthopyroxene frameworks in the diatexites, indicates loss of fractionated melt. Mass-balance models using the metatexite and compositions of fractionated melts and crystallised solids obtained from simulated crystallisation of the anatectic melt indicate that ‘typical’ diatexite formed by mixing ∼40% metatexite with ∼60% anatectic melt, and then when 8 to 30% crystallised, most (&gt;73%) of the remaining melt was expelled, likely by shear-enhanced compaction. The processes making the diatexites and leucogranites expelled ∼50% of the initial amount of melt; some formed the K2O-rich leucodiatexites and leucogranites in the terrain, but most escaped. A melt budget for the present Ashuanipi surface made by combining mass-balance calculations and the area of each rock type reveals that it once held 3.05 times more melt than was generated there. The adjacent Opinaca Subprovince contains 10 times more leucogranite than partial melting there produced; moreover, its leucogranites are compositionally similar to fractionated melts expelled from the Ashuanipi. Combining these crustal levels and assuming a gradient of 30oC km-1, then ∼400 000 km3 of melt representing &gt;68% of the total generated during crustal reworking in the Ashuanipi remained in the middle crust where temperatures were above the solidus.
Type I interferon susceptibility distinguishes SARS-CoV-2 from SARS-CoV
Authors: Lokugamage Kumari G. , Hage Adam , de Vries Maren , Valero-Jimenez Ana M. , Schindewolf Craig , Dittmann Meike , Rajsbaum Ricardo , Menachery Vineet D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus (CoV) that causes COVID-19, has recently emerged causing an ongoing outbreak of viral pneumonia around the world. While distinct from SARS-CoV, both group 2B CoVs share similar genome organization, origins to bat CoVs, and an arsenal of immune antagonists. In this report, we evaluate type-I interferon (IFN-I) sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 relative to the original SARS-CoV. Our results indicate that while SARS-CoV-2 maintains similar viral replication to SARS-CoV, the novel CoV is much more sensitive to IFN-I. In Vero and in Calu3 cells, SARS-CoV-2 is substantially attenuated in the context of IFN-I pretreatment, while SARS-CoV is not. In line with these findings, SARS-CoV-2 fails to counteract phosphorylation of STAT1 and expression of ISG proteins, while SARS-CoV is able to suppress both. Comparing SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus in human airway epithelial cultures (HAEC), we observe the absence of IFN-I stimulation by SARS-CoV-2 alone, but detect failure to counteract STAT1 phosphorylation upon IFN-I pretreatment resulting in near ablation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Next, we evaluated IFN-I treatment post infection and found SARS-CoV-2 was sensitive even after establishing infection. Finally, we examined homology between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in viral proteins shown to be interferon antagonists. The absence of an equivalent open reading frame (ORF) 3b and changes to ORF6 suggest the two key IFN-I antagonists may not maintain equivalent function in SARS-CoV-2. Together, the results identify key differences in susceptibility to IFN-I responses between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 that may help inform disease progression, treatment options, and animal model development.ImportanceWith the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, differences between SARS-CoV-2 and the original SARS-CoV could be leveraged to inform disease progression and eventual treatment options. In addition, these findings could have key implications for animal model development as well as further research into how SARS-CoV-2 modulates the type I IFN response early during infection.Article SummarySARS-CoV-2 has similar replication kinetics to SARS-CoV, but demonstrates significant sensitivity to type I interferon treatment.
Force-dependent recruitment of Piezo1 drives adhesion maturation and calcium entry in normal but not tumor cells
Authors: Yao Mingxi , Tijore Ajay , Cheng Delfine , Li Jinyuan Vero , Hariharan Anushya , Martinac Boris , Van Nhieu Guy Tran , Cox Charles D , Sheetz Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMechanosensing is an integral part of many physiological processes including stem cell differentiation, fibrosis, and cancer progression. Two major mechanosensing systems – focal adhesions and mechanosensitive ion channels, can convert mechanical features of the microenvironment into biochemical signals. We report here surprisingly that the mechanosensitive Ca2+-channel Piezo1, previously perceived to be diffusive on plasma membranes, binds to matrix adhesions in a force-dependent manner, promoting adhesion maturation and cell spreading in normal but not in tumor cells. In the absence of Piezo1, matrix adhesions are smaller in normal cells mimicking transformed cells where adhesions do not change with or without Piezo1. A novel adhesion-targeted calcium sensor shows robust Piezo1-dependent, calcium influx at adhesions in normal cells; but not in transformed cells. A linker domain in Piezo1 is needed for binding to adhesions and overexpression of the domain blocks Piezo1 binding to adhesions decreasing adhesion size and cell spread area. Thus, we suggest that Piezo1 is a novel component of focal adhesions in non-transformed cells that catalyzes adhesion maturation and growth through force-dependent calcium signaling, but this function is absent in most cancer cells.
Localization of regions of aBordetella pertussisautotransporter, Vag8, interacting with C1 inhibitor
Authors: Onoda Naoki , Hiramatsu Yukihiro , Teruya Shihono , Suzuki Koichiro , Horiguchi Yasuhiko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBordetella pertussisis the causative agent of pertussis (whooping cough), a contagious respiratory disease that has recently seen a resurgence despite high vaccination coverage, necessitating improvement of current pertussis vaccines. An autotransporter ofB. pertussis, virulence-associated gene 8 (Vag8), has been proposed as an additional component to improve pertussis vaccines. Vag8 is known to play a role in evasion of the complement system and activation of the contact system by inactivating the complement regulating factor, C1 inhibitor (C1 Inh), which inhibits serine proteases, such as plasma kallikrein (PK). However, the nature of the molecular interaction between Vag8 and C1 Inh remains to be determined. In the present study, we attempted to determine the minimum region of Vag8 that interacts with C1 Inh by examining the differently–truncated Vag8 derivatives for the ability to bind and inactivate C1 Inh. The region of Vag8 from amino–acid residues 102 to 548 was found to bind C1 Inh and cancel its inhibitory action on the protease activity of PK at the same level as a Vag8 fragment from amino–acid residues 52 to 648 covering the passenger domain, which carries its extracellular function. In contrast, the truncated Vag8 containing amino–acid residues 102 – 479 or 202 – 648 barely interacted with C1 Inh. These results indicated that the two separate regions of amino–acid residues 102 – 202 and 479 – 548 are likely required for the interaction with C1 Inh.ImportancePertussis is currently reemerging worldwide, and is still one of the greatest disease burdens in infants.B. pertussisproduces a number of virulence factors, including toxins, adhesins, and autotransporters. One of the autotransporters, Vag8, which binds and inactivates the complement regulator C1 Inh, is considered to contribute to the establishment ofB. pertussisinfection. However, the nature of the interaction between Vag8 and C1 Inh remains to be explored. In this study, we narrowed down the region of Vag8 that interacts with C1 Inh and demonstrated that at least two separate regions of Vag8 are necessary for the interaction with C1 Inh. Our results provide insight into the structure–function relationship of the Vag8 molecule and information to determine its potential role in the pathogenesis ofB. pertussis.
Competitive ecosystems are robustly stabilized by structured environments
Authors: Ursell Tristan 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTNatural environments, like soils or the mammalian gut, frequently contain microbial consortia competing within a niche, wherein many species contain genetic mechanisms of interspecies competition. Recent computational work suggests that physical structures in the environment can stabilize competition between species that would otherwise be subject to competitive exclusion under isotropic conditions. Here we employ Lotka-Volterra models to show that physical structure stabilizes large competitive ecological networks, even with significant differences in the strength of competitive interactions between species. We show that for stable communities the length-scale of physical structure inversely correlates with the width of the distribution of competitive fitness, such that physical environments with finer structure can sustain a broader spectrum of interspecific competition. These results highlight the generic stabilizing effects of physical structure on microbial communities and lay groundwork for engineering structures that stabilize and/or select for diverse communities of ecological, medical, or industrial utility.AUTHOR SUMMARYNatural environments often have many species competing for the same resources and frequently one species will out-compete others. This poses the fundamental question of how a diverse array of species can coexist in a resource limited environment. Among other mechanisms, previous studies examined how interactions between species – like cooperation or predation – could lead to stable biodiversity. In this work we looked at this question from a different angle: we used computational models to examine the role that the environment itself might play in stabilizing competing species. We modeled how species arrange themselves in space when the environment contains objects that alter the interfaces along which competing species meet. We found that these ‘structured’ environments stabilize species coexistence, across a range of density of those objects and in a way that was robust to differing strengths of interspecies competition. Thus, in addition to biological factors, our work presents a generic mechanism by which the environment itself can influence ecological outcomes and biodiversity.
The short-term effect of residential home energy retrofits on indoor air quality and microbial exposure: a case-control study
Authors: Nguyen Mytien , Holmes Eric C. , Angenent Largus T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWeatherization of residential homes is a popular retrofit procedure to improve the energy efficiency of older homes by reducing building leakage. It is a vital tool in the fight against climate change. Several studies have evaluated the effect of weatherization on indoor pollutants such as formaldehyde and radon, but few studies have evaluated the effect of weatherization on indoor particulates and microbial exposure. In this study, we compared the effect of change in building leakage on indoor pollutants and bacterial communities in weatherized compared to non-weatherized single-family residential homes in New York State. Nine weatherized and eleven non-weatherized single-family homes in Tompkins County, New York were sampled twice: before and after the weatherization procedures for case homes, and at least 3 months apart for control homes that were not weatherized. We found a significant increase in both indoor-outdoor temperature ratio and living-area- and basement-radon levels of weatherized homes compared to control homes. The indoor-outdoor relative humidity ratio significantly decreased in weatherized compared to control homes. The indoor microbiome also became less similar to the outdoor community after weatherization. Compared to the changes in ventilation rate, temperature, relative humidity, and occupancy, the change in season was a more predictive measure of indoor bacterial concentration. Ventilation rate reduction from weatherization procedures led to an increase in indoor radon levels, as well as a warmer and less humid indoor environment. However, it did not affect indoor particulate mass concentration or indoor airborne bacteria load, and did only marginally affect the microbiome composition of residential homes. Finally, we found that changes in airborne bacterial load are more sensitive to shifts in season, whereas radon levels are more sensitive to ventilation rate.