bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Producing and Measuring the 3rd Body Layer
Authors: Harrison Harold 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Decades of measuring friction conditions at the wheel-rail interface have resulted in widely varying answers produced by different measurement methods and devices. This variation is a result of many factors, some of which are difficult to quantify and control, especially under field conditions. One of these variables is the presence of an unknown 3rd body layer material, whose accumulation on the wheel and rail surfaces affect the value of independent tests performed to quantify the nominal state of wheel on rail in actual operating conditions. This paper describes a series of tests undertaken to understand the creation of the 3rd body layer from the starting point of clean wheel and rail surfaces and how that can lead to new standard practices for field testing. A 2 × 2 matrix of wheel and rail conditions is defined to help formalize the discussion of the production and measurement of the 3rd body layer.
Case 1 is the nominal virgin state of the two materials. This is actually fairly hard to produce. Almost any process and/or handling will leave some films on both surfaces. Lab tests typically start in this state after cleaning/degreasing the surfaces following machining or sanding.
Cases 2 and 3 are potentially the same (clean wheel or rail), however, the more likely case is Case 2 where some existing location on actual track is chosen to determine its current state, thus the use of a Tribometer using a clean wheel.
Case 4 represents the nominal state of most track with passing vehicles where the current environmental/ambient conditions encourage a particular set of 3rd body wear products.
This formalization helps reveal the prior common practices that have produced assumptions of what is the ‘correct’ value and how that has created a bias in one’s thinking of what really exists in normal revenue service. This issue is particularly consequential in attempting to quantify the benefit of the friction modifiers that are being adopted across the railroad industry.
Vibration Control of a Rigid and Flexible High-Speed Railway Vehicle
Authors: Türkay Semiha , Leblebici Aslı S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the vertical carbody dynamics of the railway vehicle excited by random track inputs are investigated. The multi-objective ℋ∞ controllers for carbody weight of the actual, heavy and a mass confined in a polytopic range have been designed with the aim of reducing the wheel forces, heave, pitch and roll body accelerations of the vehicle. Later, the carbody mass is modelled as a free-free Euler Bernoulli beam and the low frequency flexural vibrations of the train body are examined. An omnibus ℋ∞ controller is synthesized to suppress both the rigid and low frequencies flexible modes of the railway vehicle. The performances of the ℋ∞ controllers are verified by using the passive and active suspension responses on the right and left rail track disturbances that are represented by the power spectral density functions authenticated for the stochastic real track data collected from the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger railway line in China. Simulation results showed that all controllers exhibit a very good performance by effectively reducing the car-body accelerations in vicinity of the resonanat frequencies while keeping the wheel-rail forces in the allowable limit.
Full Function Sampling of Uncertain Correlations
Authors: Irick Kevin W. , Engerer Jeff , Lance Blake , Roberts Scott A. , Schroeder Ben 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Empirically-based correlations are commonly used in modeling and simulation but rarely have rigorous uncertainty quantification that captures the nature of the underlying data. In many applications, a mathematical description for a parameter response to some input stimulus is often either unknown, unable to be measured, or both. Likewise, the data used to observe a parameter response is often noisy, and correlations are derived to approximate the bulk response. Practitioners frequently treat the chosen correlation — sometimes referred to as the “surrogate” or “reduced-order” model of the response — as a constant mathematical description of the relationship between input and output. This assumption, as with any model, is incorrect to some degree, and the uncertainty in the correlation can potentially have significant impacts on system responses. Thus, proper treatment of correlation uncertainty is necessary. In this paper, a method is proposed for high-level abstract sampling of uncertain data correlations. Whereas uncertainty characterization is often assigned to scalar values for direct sampling, functional uncertainty is not always straightforward. A systematic approach for sampling univariable uncertain correlations was developed to perform more rigorous uncertainty analyses and more reliably sample the correlation space. This procedure implements pseudo-random sampling of a correlation with a bounded input range to maintain the correlation form, to respect variable uncertainty across the range, and to ensure function continuity with respect to the input variable.
Pressure-driven changes to spontaneous flow in active nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Walton Joshua , McKay Geoffrey , Grinfeld Michael , Mottram Nigel J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract.
We consider the effects of a pressure gradient on the spontaneous flow of an active nematic liquid crystal in a channel, subject to planar anchoring and no-slip conditions on the boundaries of the channel. We employ a model based on the Ericksen-Leslie theory of nematics, with an additional active stress accounting for the activity of the fluid. By directly solving the flow equation, we consider an asymptotic solution for the director angle equation for large activity parameter values and predict the possible values of the director angle in the bulk of the channel. Through a numerical solution of the full nonlinear equations, we examine the effects of pressure on the branches of stable and unstable equilibria, some of which are disconnected from the no-flow state. In the absence of a pressure gradient, solutions are either symmetric or antisymmetric about the channel midpoint; these symmetries are changed by the pressure gradient. Considering the activity-pressure state space allows us to predict qualitatively the extent of each solution type and to show, for large enough pressure gradients, that a branch of non-trivial director angle solutions exists for all activity values.

Graphical abstract
Influence of Metabolic Syndrome on Risk of Breast Cancer: A Study Analyzing Nationwide Data from Korean National Health Insurance Service
Authors: Hwang Ki-Tae , Han Kyung-Do , Oh Sohee , Koo Bo Kyung , Lee Se Kyung , Kim Jongjin , Seo Hwa Jeong , Jung Jiwoong , Kim Byoung Hyuck , Hur Ho 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
To investigate the influence of metabolic syndrome and its components on the risk of breast cancer.

Methods:
Retrospective nationwide cohort study analyzing data of 13,377,349 women older than 19 years from Korean National Health Insurance Service was performed. Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate HR and 95% confidence interval (CI) of breast cancer risk.

Results:
The presence of metabolic syndrome decreased the risk of all breast cancer types in all subjects (HR, 0.954; 95% CI, 0.939–0.970). In women with age ≤50 years, metabolic syndrome decreased the risk of all breast cancer types, with similar findings for all subject groups (HR, 0.915; 95% CI, 0.892–0.939). In women with age &gt;50 years, metabolic syndrome increased the risk of all breast cancer types (HR, 1.146; 95% CI, 1.123–1.170), especially in age groups of more than 55 years. In women with age &gt;50 years, HRs increased as the number of metabolic syndrome components increased, while HRs decreased as the number of metabolic syndrome components increased in women with age ≤50 years.

Conclusions:
The presence of metabolic syndrome increased the risk of breast cancers in postmenopausal women, but decreased the risk in premenopausal women. Every metabolic syndrome component played similar roles on the risk of breast cancer as metabolic syndrome, and their effects became stronger when the number of components increased.

Impact:
Metabolic syndrome is associated with the risk of breast cancer having different effect according to age groups.
Understanding Fanny
Authors: Kilgore Rachel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Though there has been recent interest in how Jane Austen’s faith influenced her novels, scholars have generally looked to her reading in philosophy and sermons, her spiritual expression, or her Anglicanism, and have neglected the more direct influence of the Bible. Yet judging from Austen’s lifelong church attendance and her reading of the Book of Common Prayer, we can conclude that she would have heard the Psalms read entirely through once every month of her forty-one years. This paper explores the resemblance between the psalmists and Fanny Price in terms of their shared experience of exile, their patterns of lament and reminder, their long wait for deliverance, and their final homecoming. Comparing Fanny Price’s character to the psalmists recasts her as a heroine in the Hebrew tradition, offering a new understanding of her passivity and suggesting that her author was more influenced by scriptural patterns than has been heretofore understood.
Descartes’ Man Under Construction: The Circulatory Statue of Salomon Reisel, 1680
Authors: Mantovani Mattia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the “human circulatory statues” which Salomon Reisel designed in the 1670s in order to demonstrate the circulation of the blood and its effect on the brain. It investigates how Reisel intended this project to promote Descartes’ philosophy, and how it relates to contemporary diagrammatic schematizations of the blood circulation system. It further explores Reisel’s claims concerning the epistemological and practical advantages of working with a three-dimensional model and argues that Reisel intended his statua to address the concerns of his fellow physicians and, more specifically, to help in diagnostics. I consider the background, strategy and legacy of the essays in which Reisel presented his devices, as well as their relevance to the general project of the scien­tific journal – one of the earliest – in which they appeared, the Miscellanea Curiosa. Reisel was a leading physician who acted throughout his life as a mediator between the Royal Society and the Academia Naturæ Curiosorum. His articles, the paper argues, have much to tell us much about the role played by the recently established scientific academies and their journals in shaping the transmission of early modern science and medicine, in terms both of theories and of the knowledge embodied in scientific instruments.
The Proscription of a Broadcasting Licence to Religious Organisations in Nigeria: The Constitutional Issues Arising
Authors: Akinloye Idowu A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article critically reviews the provisions of section 10(a) of the Nigerian National Broadcasting Commission Act 1992 (the Act). The section provides for the proscription of issuance of a broadcasting licence to religious organisations. This article, through literature review, argues that the provision of the Act infringes the provisions of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) (the Constitution) in two ways. First, it impinges the institutional right to the freedom to practice and manifest religious expressions. Secondly, it contravenes the state’s constitutional obligation to make policies that would promote socioeconomic development of the country; thus, portraying as mere cosmetic, the extant economic and development policies of successive governments. The article contends that the provision of the Act is unfit in a constitutional and democratic society and economically not beneficial to Nigeria. The article concludes that the provision infringes on the freedom of religion of the citizens and runs contrary to a sustainable national economic growth policy. The article therefore recommends an amendment to the Act.
Collective resistance intention of migrants to resettlement policies: the role of influential pathways of information sources
Authors: Liu Yingying , Zhu Zhe , Kapucu Naim , Zhu Zhengwei , Guo Xuesong 
Published: August 2020

The failure of large-scale resettlement policies has been largely determined by the collective resistance of residents. For migrants who must leave their original residence and get resettled, mass media and interpersonal communication are important sources to get policy information, which affects their attitudes and responses to resettlement policies. Existing studies have provided two pathways to explain the influencing mechanism between information sources and people’s collective resistance intention. One of these pathways focuses on trust in government and the other highlights perceived benefits. However, it is still unclear how to predict migrants’ collective resistance intention based on different information sources within these two pathways. By concentrating on the policy domain of Chinese resettlement projects, this study aims to develop an integrated, theoretical framework to explore the causal paths between information sources and migrants’ collective resistance intention. Based on a survey of three towns in Ankang, China, we tested the causal mechanism with a structural equation model. The results demonstrate that the pathway that involves trust in government is more explanatory in illustrating the causal mechanism than the pathway of perceived benefits, and interpersonal communication yields stronger effects than mass media in mitigating migrants’ collective resistance intention. The implications for resettlement policy publicity and trust-building in China are discussed. Points for practitioners Public communication is a critical competency for public managers. Public managers are recommended to flexibly apply various information sources to communicate with migrants in order to eventually mitigate their collective resistance intention by strengthening their trust in government, as well as their perceived benefits. In the early stages of policy publicity, a variety of mass media are needed to inform the migrants of resettlement policies. Then, at the stage of policy implementation, the primary focus becomes interpersonal communication that offers sufficiently detailed information. In this regard, local government managers should carry out more programs that entail face-to-face information sharing to help participants understand the resettlement policy, and encourage them to explain it to their family and friends.
Preventing Type 2 Diabetes Among Midlife Women: A Feasibility Study Comparing a Combined Sleep and Lifestyle Intervention With a Standard Lifestyle Intervention
Authors: Chesla Catherine A. , Gay Caryl , Bauer Laurie , Bender Melinda Sarmiento , Lee Kathryn 
Published: August 2020

Purpose The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of adding a sleep extension intervention to a well-established diabetes prevention intervention among midlife women with short sleep duration at risk for type 2 diabetes. Methods For this 2-group comparative design, 26 women with prediabetes or metabolic syndrome and sleep duration <7 hours were recruited from the community to participate in an 8-session diet and physical activity lifestyle intervention alone (L-alone) or L-alone plus a behavioral sleep intervention (L+Sleep). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and other outcomes were compared at baseline and 3 and 6 months using analysis of covariance. Results Incorporating a sleep intervention into lifestyle changes proved feasible and acceptable to midlife women at risk for type 2 diabetes. Significant decreases in BMI and waist circumference over time were observed in both groups, but comparative efficacy of L+Sleep versus L-alone yielded few group differences. Exploratory analysis indicated that women who increased their sleep to ≥7 h/night, regardless of group assignment, lost more weight than women who continued to report sleeping <7 h/night. Conclusion Adding sleep extension to a lifestyle change intervention proved feasible and satisfactory to participants, but initial efficacy did not differentiate the 2 intervention groups.
Relationships between executive functions and occupational performance of children with medulloblastoma
Authors: Önal Gözde , Huri Meral 
Published: August 2020

Introduction This study examines executive functions and occupational performances of children with medulloblastoma and children with typical development. The aim was to compare the executive function and occupational performance levels of children with medulloblastoma and children with typical development and to investigate the relationship between the executive function and occupational performance levels of children with medulloblastoma. Method Parents of 105 children (6–12 years) completed the Childhood Executive Function Inventory. A total of 105 children were administered the Canadian Occupational Performance Measurement to obtain information on occupational performance areas. Executive functions and occupational performance levels of children with medulloblastoma ( n = 52) and typical development ( n = 53) were compared. Correlation analysis was conducted between the executive functions and occupational performances of children with medulloblastoma. Results Executive function and occupational performance levels of children with medulloblastoma were lower than those with typical development. Significant relationships were found between the executive functions and occupational performances of children with medulloblastoma ( p < 0.05, p < 0.001). Conclusion It is clear that the executive functions of children with medulloblastoma significantly affect their occupational performance level. Client-centered, occupation-oriented cognitive therapy interventions prepared according to occupational therapy theories and models might be useful to increase the occupational performance level of children with medulloblastoma.
High IgA antiphospholipid autoantibodies in healthy Sudanese explain the increased prevalence among Sudanese compared to Swedish systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Elbagir Sahwa , Elshafie Amir I , Elagib Elnour M , Mohammed NasrEldeen A , Aledrissy Mawahib IE , Manivel Vivek Anand , Pertsinidou Eleftheria , Nur Musa AM , Gunnarsson Iva , Svenungsson Elisabet , Rönnelid Johan 
Published: August 2020

Objectives IgA antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are prevalent in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients of African American, Afro-Caribbean and South African origin. Nevertheless, data from North Africa are lacking, and most studies use manufacturer-suggested cut-offs based on Caucasian controls. Therefore, we compared aPL isotypes in Sudanese and Swedish SLE patients using nation-based cut-offs. Methods Consecutive SLE patients and age- and sex-matched controls from Sudan ( N = 115/106) and Sweden ( N = 340/318) were included. All patients fulfilled the 1982 American College of Rheumatology SLE classification criteria. Antiphospholipid syndrome–related events were obtained from patients’ records. IgA/G/M anticardiolipin and anti-β2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) were analysed with two independent assays. IgA anti-β2GPI domain 1 (D1) was also investigated. Manufacturers’ cut-offs and the 95th and 99th percentile cut-offs based on national controls were used. Results Sudanese patients and controls had higher levels and were more often positive for IgA aPL than Swedes when using manufacturers’ cut-offs. In contrast, using national cut-offs, the increase in IgA aPL among Sudanese patients was lost. Occurrence of IgA anti-D1 did not differ between the countries. Venous thromboses were less common among Sudanese patients and did not associate with aPL. No clinical associations were observed with IgA anti-β2GPI in Sudanese patients. Thromboses in Swedes were associated with IgG/M aPL. Fetal loss was associated with aPL in both cohorts. Conclusions IgA anti-β2GPI prevalence was higher among Sudanese compared to Swedish patients when manufacturers’ cut-offs were used. This situation was reversed when applying national cut-offs. Anti-D1 was not increased in Sudanese patients. Previous studies on populations of African origin, which demonstrate a high prevalence of IgA aPL positivity, should be re-evaluated using a similar cut-off approach.
Prevalence of subclinical synovitis of the hand in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Guillén-Astete Carlos A , Revenga-Martinez Marcelino , Zea-Mendoza Antonio , Brito-Brito Elia 
Published: August 2020

Objectives To determine the prevalence of subclinical synovitis in Lupus patients without peripheral joint symptoms, in those with arthralgias without arthritis and those with episodic arthritis but without radiological structural damage. Methods We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study. Patients with lupus from those three categories were recruited to take part in a greyscale ultrasound scan performed by an expert blinded rheumatologist. Data from a historical control group from a previous study was also included for comparisons. Images were assessed separately in order to determine the presence and level of synovitis following Eular recommendations. Results Ninety-six patients (88.5% female) with an average age of 40 ± 6.2 years old, were included. SLICC/ACR score was 0.6 ± 0.3 in the group without joint symptoms (group 0), 0.8 ± 0.3 in the group with arthralgias (group I) and 1.1 ± 0.4 in the group with episodic arthritis. The global prevalence of subclinical synovitis was 38.5%. In group 0, that prevalence was 30%. The time since onset of symptoms of patients with subclinical synovitis was longer than the rest of the patients (9.4 ± 2.2 vs 6.5 ± 4.0 years, P < 0.001). No other remarkable association was founded with clinical features of the disease. Conclusions This is the first study focused on subclinical synovitis in patients with lupus. Other previous studies had included patients with different levels of arthropathy. Subclinical synovitis does exist in lupus patients in over a third of patients. Its meaning remains unclear and must be a topic of further studies.
Preliminary and Comparative Experiment Study Between 18F-Flurpiridaz and 13N-NH3·H2O Myocardial Perfusion Imaging With PET/CT in Miniature Pigs
Authors: Wang Jiao , Mpharm Shuai Li , Liu Tian-wen , Zhang Jie-min , Chen Yue , Li Jian-ming , Xu Wen-gui 
Published: August 2020

Objectves: To comparatively explore the differences between 18F-Flurpiridaz and 13N-NH3·H2O PET/CT myocardial perfusion imaging in miniature pigs. Methods: Ten Bama minipigs were divided into normal group and myocardial infarction group. The changes of the ratio of left ventricular myocardium to main organs with time were calculated and the best imaging time was confirmed for 18F-Flurpiridaz imaging in normal group. The image quality score, summed rest score(SRS), Extend, total perfusion deficit(TPD) and left ventricle ejection fraction(LVEF) were respectively compared for 18F-Flurpiridaz and 13N-NH3·H2O in infarction group. Results: 18F-Flurpiridaz was rapid distributed in myocardium, and the background counts of cardiac cavity were very low, and no obvious interference extracardiac radioactivity was observed. The radioactive ratio of the left ventricular myocardium to cardiac blood pool and adjacent liver were high. Compared with 13N-NH3·H2O, there were no significant differences in functional parameters, including SRS, Extend, TPD and LVEF. Conclusion: The results preliminaryly show that 18F-FIurpiridaz is a promising positron MPI agent with good image quality, ability of accurately evaluating cardiac function, and also convenience for application.