bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
M158. ASSOCIATIONS OF NEUROLOGICAL SOFT SIGNS AND CEREBELLAR-CEREBRAL FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH FIRST-EPISODE SCHIZOPHRENIA AND THEIR UNAFFECTED SIBLINGS
Authors: Cai Xinlu , Wang Yongming , Zhou Hanyu , Huang Jia , Lui Simon S Y , Møller Arne , Mak Henry K F , Cheung Eric F C , Chan Raymond C K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Neurological softs signs (NSS) are defined as subtle neurological abnormalities with manifestations of motor coordination, sensory integration and disinhibition. Evidence has suggested NSS as one of the most promising endophenotypes for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Moreover, accumulating evidence also suggest that NSS may be associated with specific functional connectivity. The present study aimed to examine the cerebellar-cerebral resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of NSS in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and their unaffected siblings (SB).

Methods
We administered the abridge version of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory (CNI) to 51 FES patients, 20 unaffected SB, and 50 healthy controls (HC) to assess the severity of NSS. All the participants also underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Ten regions of interest (ROIs) in the cerebellum were selected to represent cerebellar motor network (MN) and cerebellar executive control network (EN), which corresponded to the “sensorimotor-cognitive” dichotomy of NSS. rsFC between each ROI and the whole brain voxels were constructed, and the linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the cerebellar-cerebral rsFC patterns of NSS in each group.

Results
Regarding the cerebellar MN, there were positive correlations observed between the rsFC of the cerebellar MN with the default mode network (DMN) and NSS in FES patients group (CNI total score and the motor coordination subscale) and the SB group (CNI total score and the motor coordination and sensory integration subscales). The rsFC of the cerebellar MN and the sensorimotor network were significantly and positively correlated with NSS (CNI total score and the motor coordination and sensory integration subscales) in the SB group.
Regarding the cerebellar EN, we found that both the FES and the SB groups exhibited significantly negative correlations between NSS (CNI total score and the motor coordination subscale) and the rsFC of the cerebellar EN with the DMN. Moreover, the rsFC between the cerebellar EN and the sensorimotor network was positively correlated with NSS (CNI total score and the motor coordination and disinhibition subscales) in the SB group.

Discussion
We found inverse correlations between NSS and the rsFC of the cerebellar EN/MN and the DMN in both FES patients and their unaffected SB, suggesting that altered cerebellar-cerebral rsFC between these networks is correlated with the NSS. Moreover, the SB group exhibited a unique correlational pattern that NSS were correlated with the cerebellar-sensorimotor network rsFC, suggesting that such a network connectivity may serve as a potential biomarker for schizophrenia.
M197. SEASONAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: OUTCOMES IN NATURALISTIC SETTINGS (SEASONS STUDY) OBSERVATIONAL RETROSPECTIVE MULTICENTRE CANADIAN STUDY ON 3MONTH-FORMULATION OF LONG-ACTING INJECTABLE PALIPERIDONE PALMITATE
Authors: Corbeil Olivier , Essiambre Anne-Marie , Rosebush-Mercier Raphaëlla , Rhéaume Gabrielle , Demers Marie-France , Roy Marc-André , Corbeil Olivier 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The 3 month-formulation of long-acting injectable paliperidone palmitate (PP3M) is available in Canada since 2016. However, there are still limited data on its use in real life setting.

Methods
This ongoing study retrospectively reviews the use of this formulation in 6 centers across Canada (targeted n=250 patients). Data on PP3M use (dosage, duration of exposure, reasons for initiating PP3M and stopping it, if applicable) are recorded, as well as its clinical impact (hospitalizations, global severity of illness as measured by Clinical Global Impression Scales), the main outcome variable being discontinuation of PP3M.

Results
Preliminary data are available for the first 35 patients coming from 3 participating centers. 31/35 are men, on average 35 years old, Caucasian (25/35), exposed to antipsychotics for an average of 7 years (sd 2 yrs) with an average 2-year exposure to the 1-month formulation of long-acting injectable paliperidone palmitate (PP1M). 21/35 had also at least one concomitant disorder (some may be combined), such as substance use disorder, personality disorder or anxious disease, and 10/35 were under a court treatment order. Clinical Remission (as defined as a CGI S score equal or less to 3) was maintained in 27/35 subjects over an average of 14 months (sd 9 months) of PP3M. However, 8 patients stopped their treatment dues to compromise stability (2 patients), side effects (2 patients: somnolence, 1 patient: pain discomfort at site of injection) or loss to follow-up (3 patients).

Discussion
In this Canadian study, preliminary observations in real life settings suggest that PP3M may be an interesting option for patient previously stabilized on PP1M, although the number of treatment cessations might suggest that the clinical effectiveness of PP3M vs. PP1M may not be similar in all subjects.
S83. MORTALITY, REVASCULARIZATION AND CARDIOPROTECTIVE PHARMACOTHERAPY AFTER ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY
Authors: Chung Chang Wing , Kwun Nam Chan Joe , Sau Man Wong Corine , Chi Fai Or Philip , Siu Han Hai JoJo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of premature mortality in psychotic disorders. The authors aimed to examine short-term mortality, cardiovascular complications, revascularization and cardioprotective medication receipt after incident acute coronary syndrome (ACS) among patients with psychotic disorders compared with patients without psychotic disorders.

Methods
This was a population-based cohort study with data retrieved from a territory-wide medical record database of public healthcare services to 7.5 million residents in Hong Kong. The study identified 67,692 patients aged ≥18 years admitted for first-recorded ACS between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2016. The cohort was dichotomously divided by pre-ACS diagnosis of psychotic disorder. Multivariate regression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] and 95%CI) was used to examine associations of psychotic disorders with all-cause 30-day and 1-year mortality, cardiovascular complications, 30-day and 1-year invasive cardiac procedures, and 90-day post-discharge cardioprotective medication prescription.

Results
Patients with psychotic disorders (N=703) had higher 30-day (aOR=1.99, 95%CI=1.65–2.39) and 1-year (aOR=2.13, 95%CI=1.79–2.54) mortality, and cardiovascular complication rates (aOR=1.20, 95%CI=1.02–1.41), lower receipt of cardiac catheterization (30-day: aOR=0.54, 95%CI=0.43–0.68; 1-year: aOR=0.46, 95%CI=0.38–0.56), percutaneous coronary intervention (30-day: aOR=0.55, 95%CI=0.44–0.70; 1-year: aOR=0.52, 95%CI=0.42–0.63) and reduced β-blockers (aOR=0.81, 95%CI=0.68–0.97), statins (aOR=0.54, 95%CI=0.44–0.66), and clopidogrel prescriptions (aOR=0.66, 95%CI=0.55–0.80). Effect of psychotic disorder on heightened mortality was more pronounced in younger-aged (&lt;65 years) and male patients. Associations between psychotic disorder and increased mortality remained significant even after complications and treatment receipt were additionally adjusted.

Discussion
Psychotic disorders are associated with increased risks of short-term post-ACS mortality, cardiovascular complications and inferior treatment. Excess mortality is not substantially explained by treatment inequality. Further investigation is warranted to clarify factors for suboptimal cardiac-care and elevated mortality in psychotic disorders to enhance post-ACS outcome.
S102. DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGES AT TIME OF INPATIENT ADMISSION: DIAGNOSTIC SHIFTS IN PATIENTS WITH FIRST EPISODE PSYCHOSIS
Authors: Koch Marlene , Trimmel Melanie , Baumgartner Josef , Hinterbuchinger Barbara , Litvan Zsuzsa , Friedrich Fabian , Mossaheb Nilufar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
First episode psychoses (FEP) may present with diffuse symptoms and a broad range of clinical phenotypes, leading to difficulties in the early detection of the different pluripotent trajectories and consequently to instability of the diagnoses. The aim of this study was to assess the stability of diagnoses at time of admission compared to discharge in patients with FEP at a newly established early psychosis inpatient unit within a general psychiatric service in a general hospital.

Methods
Charts of all patients admitted to the early psychosis inpatient unit of the Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry of the Medical University of Vienna between 01.01.2016 and 31.03.2017 were reviewed. FEP was defined as a first presentation of affective, schizophreniform, acute polymorphic, organic or substance-related psychosis according to ICD-10.

Results
127 patients were admitted during the said period, among whom 92 (72,4%) were diagnosed with a psychotic disorder at time of admission. 39,1% (n=36) of those had a FEP, whereof 58,3% (n=21) were diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis, 27,8% (n=10) with affective psychosis, 11,1% (n=4) with substance-related psychosis and 2,8% (n=1) with organic psychosis as main diagnosis at time of discharge. In 50% (n=18) of FEP patients, diagnosis at time of admission was not maintained. 54,2% (n=13) of FEP patients who were admitted with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis had a shift in diagnosis at time of discharge, whereof 46,2% (n=6) were adjusted to another diagnosis of the same spectrum and 53,8% (n=7) to a diagnosis of either affective spectrum, substance-related psychosis or organic psychosis. 100% (n=2) of those with a persistent delusional disorder had a different diagnosis at discharge, as well as 56,3% (n=9=) of those admitted with a diagnosis of acute and transient psychotic disorders. Changes in the admission diagnoses of affective psychosis were necessary in 44,4% (n=4), whereof one half was adjusted to another diagnosis of the same spectrum and the other half to a diagnosis of the schizophrenia spectrum.

Discussion
The diagnostic instability in this study underlines the concept of the highly dynamic and changeable nature of psychopathology in the early stages and the pluripotent trajectories of psychosis. Furthermore, inadequate information available for specific diagnosis at time of admission as well as diagnostic uncertainty at the onset of psychosis could be implicated in the described diagnostic instability. The broad range of clinical phenotypes of early psychosis and the limitations of current diagnostic risk and identification approaches for the assessment of first episode psychosis indicate psychopathology conformed to a more dimensional rather than categorical model, as well as the need of a more dynamic model of prediction, such as the clinical staging model.
S107. RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL OF A MOBILE APP-BASED INTERVENTION FOR ADOLESCENTS WITH FIRST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS: THE THINK APP
Authors: Calvo Ana , Sanchez-Gutierrez Teresa , Barbeito Sara , Mayoral Maria , Moreno Miguel , Arango Celso 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Technological advances in psychiatric treatment is relatively recent. Previous studies have shown an improvement, in the access to treatment, for patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). This new therapeutic approach may provide patients with personalized, flexible, and evidence-based interventions in their communities and even in their own homes. The aim of this study is to develop and test the effectiveness of a mobile app–based intervention to improve community functioning in adolescents with FEP.

Methods
We designed a single-blind randomized clinical trial (RCT) to study the effectiveness of a mobile app–based intervention for adolescents with FEP aged 14–19 years recruited from Gregorio Marañón Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
Patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group, which received treatment as usual plus ﬁve modules of a psychological intervention through the mobile app (psychoeducation, recognition of symptoms and prevention of relapses, problem solving, mindfulness, and contact wall), or to a control group (standard care).

Results
The effectiveness of the intervention were assessed by means of an extensive battery of clinical tests at baseline and at 3 months of follow-up. The primary outcome was reduction in psychotic and depressive symptoms; secondary outcomes comprise adherence, awareness, use of drugs, and quality of life. Also, will report the usefulness, user experience (UX) and security perceived by adolescents with a PEP: frequency of application use, average time of use, quantitative use, etc.

Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the ﬁrst randomized online treatment for adolescent with early psychosis comparison with treatment as usual. The main novelty of our approach is the integration of new technologies with traditional psychoeducation, cognitive behavioral therapy techniques, mindfulness and social skills development.
S108. AUTOMATED DETECTION OF INCREASED METAPHOR PRODUCTION IN OPEN-ENDED SPEECH IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND ITS RISK STATES
Authors: Bilgrami Zarina , Gutierrez Elkin , Sarac Cansu , Corcoran Cheryl , Cecchi Guillermo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Clinicians have long observed peculiarities in the use of figurative language by individuals with schizophrenia, as part of larger expressive deficits. Natural language processing has been used to predict psychosis onset (Bedi et al., 2015; Corcoran et al., 2018), identifying classifiers such as semantic coherence. Here we examine use of metaphor across the psychosis spectrum.

Methods
Participant groups across the psychosis spectrum (healthy controls, clinical high risk for psychosis and individuals with schizophrenia) participated in open-ended interviews lasting approximately one hour and encouraged to express themselves narratively. Each interview was transcribed, then deidentified and run through the metaphor analysis algorithm. The results were then used to determine an overall metaphor frequency rate for each participant/transcript.

Results
The algorithm detected a significantly higher proportion of the words in transcripts of patients with schizophrenia as metaphorical (6.5%) than in healthy controls’ transcripts (5.7%) (p &lt; 0.01, t57 = 2.68). Patients in the CHR group also produced more metaphorical words tagged by the algorithm (6.6%; p &lt; 0.01, t95 = 3.69).

Discussion
These results demonstrate that metaphor usage, as measured using automated algorithms, is a robust and powerful indicator of symptoms, whether defined via current schizophrenia diagnosis or by clinical high-risk status. The ability to estimate metaphoric content in speech and written samples can be a significant contribution to the systemization of psychosis symptoms and and may be useful as a screen for the general population to identify individuals who may be at risk for psychosis.
S132. SAMPLING BIAS IN STUDIES OF FIRST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS – A FOLLOW-UP STUDY
Authors: Walta Maija , Laurikainen Heikki , Armio Reetta-Liina , From Tiina , Salokangas Raimo K R , Hietala Jarmo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Attrition rates and sampling bias in controlled clinical studies are a concern when evaluating the relevance of the results to a specific patient population in a real-life clinical / treatment setting. Dropout rates in studies on psychotic disorders are high and many eligibility criteria may lead to bias in study samples. We wanted to analyze how representative are the patient samples typically included in first-episode psychosis studies such as the Turku Early Psychosis (TEPS) study by using a platform of 3772 consecutive admissions to clinical psychiatric services of Turku Psychiatry.

Methods
TEPS study was started in 2011 as a part of a larger study on psychosis treatment processes in Turku Psychiatric services. Each patient, inpatient and outpatient, went through initial clinical screening by the treatment group which was followed by a structured evaluation if the screen for first-episode psychosis was positive. Between Oct 2011 and June 2016 there were 195 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) suitable to the TEPS study. Of them 102 were willing and 93 were not willing to participate or were not reached in a baseline structured evaluation. Using patient records, we compared if these two groups differed in terms of clinical variables, treatment or prognosis during a 1-year follow-up. Time of hospital stay, involuntary vs. voluntary admission, coercive measures during the hospital care, re-hospitalizations and drop-out from the clinical care during the follow-up were used as outcomes.

Results
Non-participating (NTP) group had higher rate of involuntary care than participating (TP) group (70 % vs 62 %) as well as higher rate of coercion during the treatment and higher rate of re-admissions during the follow-up than the TP group (36 % vs 22 % and 41 % vs 34 %, respectively) but these differences did not reach statistical significance. During the one-year follow-up NTP group had a significantly higher rate of dropping out from the clinical care than participating TP group (48 % vs 30 %, p=0.01). NTP group had also higher rate of dropping out of clinical treatment mainly because of patient non-adherence (33 % vs 16 %, p=0.03).

Discussion
Nearly half (47 %) of the intent-to-study FEP patients were not reached or declined to participate in our study. Non-participating patients had a slightly more severe illness and poorer treatment adherence during one-year follow-up. The clinical differences were not as marked as we expected. E.g. involuntary care, inpatient care and more coercion during the follow-up were not significantly different between NTP and TP groups. Nevertheless, the data suggest considerable differences between participating and non-participating patients with first-episode psychosis which should be taken in to account when evaluating the generalizability of the results for an unselected group of psychotic patients in ‘real-life’ clinical care.
S185. IMPACT OF GENETIC LIABILITY TO SCHIZOPHRENIA ON IMPAIRED MIGRATION OF AUTOLOGOUS INDUCED NEURAL STEM CELLS
Authors: Lee Junhee , Song Sehyeon , Young Lee Tae , Chang Mi-Sook , Soo Kwon Jun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Since previous studies which presented the direct evidences of neurodevelopmental abnormality in schizophrenia using stem cell techniques, recent studies have demonstrated that induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) derived from patients with schizophrenia resembling their fetal brain tissue indeed shows aberrant migration and maintains the gene signature. However, the origin and nature of these abnormalities remain unresolved and no study examined unaffected individuals (UIs) with multiple relatives with schizophrenia.

Methods
Three patients diagnosed as schizophrenia (SZs), 3 UIs who has multiple relatives diagnosed as schizophrenia including at least one first-degree relative, and 3 healthy controls (HCs), all males, were recruited from Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH), Korea. iNSCs were generated from human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) using small molecule-based lineage switch technique. The NSC marker expressions in iNSCs were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The migration of iNSCs was analysed by CytoSelect 96-well cell migration assay.

Results
Demographic characteristics were not significantly different among the groups. Level of functioning was significantly lower in SZs. Either mRNA levels of NSC markers or NCAM protein levels were not significantly different among the groups. Doubling time among the groups were not significantly different. Migration capability of iNSCs from not only SZs, but also UIs were significantly smaller than HCs.

Discussion
We report a novel finding of defective ability of the iNSCs of UIs to reach the target along with those of SZs which is the first explicit demonstration of the postulation that neurodevelopmental abnormality might be present in UIs, using iNSCs directly derived from living subjects.
S192. EFFECTS OF NICOTINE INTAKE ON NEUROPLASTICITY IN SMOKING AND NON-SMOKING PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Pross Benjamin , Schulz Patrick , Güler Duygu , Papazova Irina , Wagner Elias , Maurus Isabel , Löhrs Lisa , Strube Wolfgang , Padberg Frank , Falkai Peter , Hasan Alkomiet 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Cortical plasticity – the ability to reorganize synaptic connections and adapt to environmental changes – appears to be impaired in schizophrenia patients. Results suggest the dysfunctional plasticity to be a key pathophysiological mechanism. Different non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have been used to modulate and induce cortical plasticity. In healthy subjects, nicotine was shown to play an important role in plasticity induction and is capable to alter cortical excitability and plasticity, induced by NIBS techniques. Our goal was to investigate the promising effects of a nicotine receptor activation done by Varenicline and the combination with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) on neuroplastic changes in schizophrenia patients.

Methods
Our sample consisted out of twenty-four individuals with schizophrenia, twelve smokers and twelve non-smokers. Every participant received Varenicline and Placebo, combined with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS), to induce non-focal plasticity. We inferred plasticity changes by monitoring changes in cortical excitability. This was done via motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The MEPs were recorded before and three hours after Varenicline/Placebo intake. Following the direct current stimulation, we monitored excitability changes for up to one hour.

Results
Significant effects through the mere Varenicline consumption or withdrawal effects could not be found in any group. However, we observed a numeric temporary decrease of excitability after a-tDCS in non-smokers following Varenicline intake. This decrease compared to the placebo condition was visible 20 minutes after a-tDCS but vanished over time.
Smokers did not show any excitability changes after a-tDCS and the nicotinic receptor stimulation did not show any influence.
Excitability changes after stimulation in contrast to the baseline measurement were not evident.

Discussion
Our results show that an activation of nicotinic receptors in schizophrenia patients does not induce excitability changes. The modulating effect of nicotine in plasticity induction via anodal transcranial direct current stimulation could not be confirmed for patients with schizophrenia. We could show that chronic nicotine consumption in patients with schizophrenia or nicotine withdrawal does not lead to fundamental excitability changes. Acute nicotine consumption has only small effects on cortical excitability in non-smokers.