bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Democratizing Our Data
Authors: Lane Julia 
Published: September 2020

A wake-up call for America to create a new framework for democratizing data.
Public data are foundational to our democratic system. People need consistently high-quality information from trustworthy sources. In the new economy, wealth is generated by access to data; government's job is to democratize the data playing field. Yet data produced by the American government are getting worse and costing more. In Democratizing Our Data, Julia Lane argues that good data are essential for democracy. Her book is a wake-up call to America to fix its broken public data system.
Lane argues that we must rethink ways to democratize data; there are successful models to follow and new legislation that can help effect change. The private sector's data revolution—which creates new types of data and new measurements to build machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms—can be mirrored by a public sector data revolution characterized by attention to counting all who should be counted, measuring what should be measured, and protecting privacy and confidentiality. Just as Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Apple, and Facebook have led the world in the use of data for profit, the United States can show the world how to produce data for the public good.
Lane calls for a more automated, transparent, and accountable framework for creating high-quality public data that would empower citizens and inspire the government that serves them. And she outlines an organizational model that has the potential to make data more accessible and useful. As she says, failure to act threatens our democracy.
Seed germination and early seedling survival of the invasive speciesProsopis juliflora(Fabaceae) depend on habitat and seed dispersal mode in the Caatinga dry forest
Authors: Nascimento Clóvis Eduardo de Souza , da Silva Carlos Alberto Domingues , Leal Inara Roberta , Tavares Wagner de Souza , Serrão José Eduardo , Zanuncio José Cola , Tabarelli Marcelo 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundBiological invasion is one of the main threats to tropical biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.Prosopis juliflora(Sw) DC. (Fabales: Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) was introduced in the Caatinga dry forest of Northeast Brazil at early 1940s and successfully spread across the region. As other invasive species, it may benefit from the soils and seed dispersal by livestock. Here we examine how seed dispersal ecology and soil conditions collectively affect seed germination, early seedling performance and consequently theP. juliflorainvasive potential.MethodsSeed germination, early seedling survival, life expectancy and soil attributes were examined in 10 plots located across three habitats (flooding plain, alluvial terrace and plateau) into a human-modified landscape of the Caatinga dry forest (a total of 12,000 seeds). Seeds were exposed to four seed dispersal methods: deposition on the soil surface, burial in the soil, passed through cattle (Boss taurus) digestive tracts and mixed with cattle manure and passed through mule (Equus africanus asinus×Equus ferus caballus) digestive tracts and mixed with mule manure. Seeds and seedlings were monitored through a year and their performance examined with expectancy tables.ResultsSoils differed among habitats, particularly its nutrient availability, texture and water with finely-textured and more fertile soils in the flooding plain. Total seed germination was relatively low (14.5%), with the highest score among seeds buried in the flooding plain (47.4 ± 25.3%). Seed dispersal by cattle and mule also positively impacted seed germination. Early seedling survival rate ofP. juliflorawas dramatically reduced with few seedlings still alive elapsed a year. Survival rate was highest in the first 30 days and declined between 30 and 60 days with stabilization at 70 days after germination in all seed treatments and habitats. However, survival and life expectancy were higher in the flooding plain at 75 days and lower in the plateau.Prosopis julifloraseedling survival and life expectancy were higher in the case seeds were mixed with cattle manure.SynthesisProsopis julifloraseeds and seedlings are sensitive to water stress and habitat desiccation. Therefore, they benefit from the humid soils often present across human-disturbed flooding plains. This plant also benefits from seed deposition/dispersal by livestock in these landscapes, since cattle manure represents a nutrient-rich and humid substrate for both seeds and seedlings. The quality of the seed dispersal service varies among livestock species, but this key mutualism between exotic species is due to the arillate, hard-coated and palatable seeds.Prosopis julifloratraits allow this species to take multiple benefits from human presence and thus operating as a human commensal.
Pinning synchronization of nonlinear hybrid‐coupled complex networks with double time delays via aperiodically intermittent adaptive control
Authors: Guo Wanli , Luo Wenqiang , He Wennuo 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn this article, the synchronization problem for nonlinear hybrid‐coupled complex networks with both coupling and internal self‐feedback delays is studied. An aperiodically intermittent adaptive control is employed for a fraction of nodes to pin the whole network to the synchronization state. Some sufficient conditions for realizing global synchronization are derived based on Halanay inequality and Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, a simulation example verifies the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Adaptive fuzzy finite‐time consensus tracking for multiple Euler‐Lagrange systems with unknown control directions
Authors: Liu Guoqing , Zhao Lin 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of adaptive fuzzy finite‐time consensus tracking control for multiple Euler‐Lagrange systems (ELSs) with uncertain dynamics and unknown control directions (UCDs) is investigated. The computational complexity problem in conventional backstepping is avoided by using finite‐time command filter (FTCF), and the error in the filtering process is eliminated through error compensation signals. The fuzzy logic system combined with the adaptive control technique is applied to approximate and estimate the unknown nonlinear dynamics of ELS. The Nussbaum function‐based continuous and nonsmooth input control torque is established to eliminate the influence of UCDs, and the proposed control scheme can guarantee the consensus tracking errors converge to the desired neighborhood of the origin within a finite time. Numerical simulation is used to test the effectiveness of the given algorithm.
Synergistic Antimicrobial Titanium Carbide (MXene) Conjugated with Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Zheng Kaiyuan , Li Shuo , Jing Lin , Chen Po‐Yen , Xie Jianping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBacterial resistance toward antibiotics is a world‐wide problem, and one potential solution to fight against the resistance is to develop multi‐mechanism antimicrobial agents to achieve synergistic performance. Titanium carbide (MXene) is an emerging 2D nanomaterial with antimicrobial ability to physically damage bacterial membrane and chemically induce oxidative stress, and it can be further conjugated with nanomaterials to improve its antibacterial performance. Herein, a synergistic antimicrobial agent is developed through conjugation of the ultra‐small gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) on MXene nanosheets. The conjugated AuNCs are effectively delivered into bacteria after bacterial membrane damage caused by MXene, generating localized reactive oxygen species (ROS) of high concentration to effectively oxidize bacterial membrane lipid for enhanced membrane broken, as well as bacterial DNA for violent fragmentation. Thus, the synergistic physical (via MXene) and chemical (via MXene and AuNCs) antimicrobial mechanisms lead to eventual bacterial death of both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, with low IC50 values of 11.7 µg mL−1 of MXene and 0.04 µm of AuNCs. Moreover, the crumpled MXene‐AuNCs structure is constructed to inhibit biofilm formation, which hold synergistic antibacterial ability of MXene‐AuNCs conjugation, hydrophobic surface to prevent bacterial attachment, and large surface area containing higher density of bactericides.
Solid Materials with Near‐Infrared‐Induced Fluorescence Modulation
Authors: Otaegui Jaume Ramon , Rubirola Pau , Ruiz‐Molina Daniel , Hernando Jordi , Roscini Claudio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSolid molecular materials modulating their luminescent properties upon irradiation are typically based on photochromic dyes. Despite these are potentially interesting for applications such as anticounterfeiting, bioimaging, optical data storage, and writable/erasable devices, key features are preventing their use in marketable products: the lack of straightforward strategies to obtain near infrared (NIR) radiation‐responding photochromic dyes and the dramatic response modification these molecules suffer in solids. Herein a photochrome‐free approach is reported to achieve solid materials whose luminescence modulation is induced by NIR radiation. This strategy is based on the capacity of phase change materials (PCMs) to modify the emission properties of fluorescent dyes upon photothermally induced interconversion between their solid and liquid states. The preparation of several NIR‐responsive thermofluorochromic materials of high fatigue resistance and nondestructive readout is illustrated and this approach is extended to different commercially available dyes, taking advantage of distinct fluorescence modulation mechanisms, providing, thus, color tunability. The modulation response is straightforwardly tuned by simply varying the irradiation power density, the gold nanoshell concentration, and/or the PCM type. This tunability allows to accomplish NIR‐activated multistate thermofluorochromic materials and fast/slow/irreversible responses in NIR‐writings/drawings of good spatial resolution, which can be of interest for barcodings, anticounterfeiting technologies and (re)writable devices.
Electro‐Stimulation, a Promising Therapeutic Treatment Modality for Tissue Repair: Emerging Roles of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans as Electro‐Regulatory Mediators of Intrinsic Repair Processes
Authors: Hayes Anthony J. , Melrose James 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of diverse biomolecules that decorate proteoglycans in the glycocalyx and extracellular matrix of all cells. They exist as linear polysaccharide chains consisting of repeating disaccharide units that can be variably sulfated and carboxylated along their GAG chain length. These ionizable carboxyl and sulfate groups on GAGs create charged interactive motifs that convey cell regulatory properties important in tissue homeostasis and the maintenance of optimal tissue function. GAGs participate in a number of essential physiological processes including coagulation‐fibrinolysis, matrix assembly and stabilization, immune regulation, and the complement system. The high fixed charge density and the counter‐ions of GAGs is central to their role in the hydration of various connective tissues within the body. Charge transfer properties of GAGs make them amenable to electro‐stimulation and offers a potential mechanism for promoting or enhancing cellular tissue repair processes. This review is undertaken to illustrate these properties and to gain a better understanding of how these processes might be manipulated through electro‐stimulation to help improve tissue repair and the recovery of normal function in traumatized tissues. Weight‐bearing and tension‐bearing, collagen‐rich, avascular tissues have intrinsically poor repair properties and represent difficult clinical challenges. Electro‐stimulation represents a novel approach with significant potential in the stimulation of repair in these most intransigent of tissues.
Association of Plasma Neurofilament Light with Postoperative Delirium
Authors: Fong Tamara G. , Vasunilashorn Sarinnapha M. , Ngo Long , Libermann Towia A. , Dillon Simon T. , Schmitt Eva M. , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro , Arnold Steven E. , Jones Richard N. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Inouye Sharon K. ,   for the SAGES Study Group
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the association of the plasma neuroaxonal injury markers neurofilament light (NfL), total tau, glial fibrillary acid protein, and ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase L1 with delirium, delirium severity, and cognitive performance.MethodsDelirium case–no delirium control (n = 108) pairs were matched by age, sex, surgery type, cognition, and vascular comorbidities. Biomarkers were measured in plasma collected preoperatively (PREOP), and 2 days (POD2) and 30 days postoperatively (PO1MO) using Simoa technology (Quanterix, Lexington, MA). The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and CAM‐S (Severity) were used to measure delirium and delirium severity, respectively. Cognitive function was measured with General Cognitive Performance (GCP) scores.ResultsDelirium cases had higher NfL on POD2 and PO1MO (median matched pair difference = 16.2pg/ml and 13.6pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.05). Patients with PREOP and POD2 NfL in the highest quartile (Q4) had increased risk for incident delirium (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–12.6] and 4.6 [95% CI = 1.2–18.2], respectively) and experienced more severe delirium, with sum CAM‐S scores 7.8 points (95% CI = 1.6–14.0) and 9.3 points higher (95% CI = 3.2–15.5). At PO1MO, delirium cases had continued high NfL (adjusted OR = 9.7, 95% CI = 2.3–41.4), and those with Q4 NfL values showed a −2.3 point decline in GCP score (−2.3 points, 95% CI = −4.7 to −0.9).InterpretationPatients with the highest PREOP or POD2 NfL levels were more likely to develop delirium. Elevated NfL at PO1MO was associated with delirium and greater cognitive decline. These findings suggest NfL may be useful as a predictive biomarker for delirium risk and long‐term cognitive decline, and once confirmed would provide pathophysiological evidence for neuroaxonal injury following delirium. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:984–994
Expression profile analysis of circular RNAs in BmN cells (Bombyx mori) upon BmNPV infection
Authors: Zhang Shaolun , Shen Manman , Yin Haotong , Huang Haoling , Li Tao , Zhao Weiguo , Guo Xijie , Wu Ping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe disease caused by Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) has always been difficult to control, resulting in tremendous economic losses in the sericulture industry. Although much has been learned about the impact of noncoding RNAs on pathogenesis, the role of circular RNA (circRNA) in insect immunity remains unclear. To explore circRNA regulation involved in BmNPV infection, we used transcriptome analysis of BmN cells with or without BmNPV infection to generate circRNA data set. A total of 444 novel circRNAs were identified in BmN cells, with 198 pervasively distributed both in the control group and BmNPV‐infection group. The host genes were enriched inMAPK signaling pathway, dorso–ventral axis formation, and ECM–receptor interaction, which were required for the normal larval growth. A total of 75 circRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) on BmNPV infection. Six downregulated circRNAs were validated by Sanger sequencing and qRT‐PCR. DEcircRNA–miRNA–DEmRNA network was constructed based on the six validated circRNAs. Pathway analysis indicated that the predicted target genes were mainly enriched in the metabolic pathway and immune‐related signaling pathway. Our results may provide a basis for further studies on circRNA function in BmN cells challenged by BmNPV infection and offer an insight into the molecular mechanism on silkworm–virus interaction.
Data‐based design of robust fault detection and isolation residuals via LASSO optimization and Bayesian filtering
Authors: Cascianelli Silvia , Costante Gabriele , Crocetti Francesco , Ricci Elisa , Valigi Paolo , Luca Fravolini Mario 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a data‐based approach for the design of structured residual subsets for the robust isolation of sensor faults is proposed. Linear regression models are employed to estimate faulty signals and to build a set of primary residuals. L1‐regularized least squares estimation is used to identify model parameters and to enforce sparsity of the solutions by increasing the regularization weight. In this way, it is possible to generate a set of residuals generators with different fault sensitivity. Then, a residual selection procedure based on fault sensitivity maximization is proposed to extract a minimum size subset of structured residuals that allows for isolation of the faulty sensor. To overcome modelling uncertainty, a robust recursive Bayesian Filter has been employed to process, online, the distance of the residuals from nominal fault directions, providing a fault probability for each sensor. The proposed method has been validated by designing and testing a fault isolation scheme for six aircraft sensors using multi‐flight experimental data of a P92 Tecnam aircraft.
Analysis of linear proportional delay systems via hybrid functions method
Authors: Hoseini Sayyed Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an approximate method for solving delayed differential equations involving pantograph‐type delay is proposed. The method is based upon hybrid function approximations. The properties of hybrid functions of block‐pulse functions and the well‐known Legendre polynomials are provided. The operational matrix of pantograph‐type delay corresponding to the method is presented. The associated operational matrices of delay, derivative, and product are utilized to reduce the original problem into a system of algebraic equations. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed method.
Secondary metabolite contents and antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts reveal genetic variability of Vernonia amygdalina and Vernonia calvoana morphotypes
Authors: Dumas Nguimkeng Gaintse Eric , Anderson Ngandjui Tchangoue Yvan , Godswill Ntsomboh‐Ntsefong , Thiruvengadam Muthu , Ana‐Maria Gheldiu , Ramona Paltinean , Crisan Gianina Cristina , Laurian Vlase , Shariati Mohammad Ali , Tokhtarov Zhaiyk , Emmanuel Youmbi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVernonia species (Asteraceae) are indigenous medicinal and food leaf vegetables commonly consumed in some African countries like Cameroon where they constitute a staple dish called “ndolé.” Previous studies have demonstrated the nutritional importance of Vernonia, but there is little knowledge of their agronomic value and genetic potentials. Wide genetic variability in the genus has been established earlier through the study of its pollen. However, to the best of our understanding, no such study has been undertaken on the genetic variability of Vernonia with respect to its secondary metabolites. This study was therefore aimed at evaluating the genetic variability of Vernonia amygdalina (VAA and VALF) and V. calvoana (VCAB, VCAV, VCSB, and VCSV) morphotypes in 2016 based on secondary metabolite content and antimicrobial properties. This involved phytochemical analysis by HPLC/MS for the detection of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins in leaves from each of the six genotypes. Results showed that all tested genotypes are rich in phenols (18 analyzed), flavonoids, and tannins with, VAA richer in phenols (206.1 ± 3.12 µg/g of dry extract), followed by VCAV (197.9 ± 18.03 µg/g). The lowest level of flavonoid was found in VCSV (81.6 ± 7.21 µg/g), while the highest was from VCAB (132.8 ± 31.5 µg/g). VCSV (56.3 ± 4.08 µg/g) had the lowest level of tannins, while VCAB (97.8 ± 23.8 µg/g) had the highest levels. Assessment of antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts from the six genotypes was done by culture on Mueller Hinton (MH) agar and MH broth agar for bacteria and in Sabouraud dextrose agar and Sabouraud dextrose broth media for fungi, respectively. All morphotypes exhibited inhibitory activity on bacteria except VAA, with isoquercetin characteristic of VCSV. Chemotaxonomic analyses of Vernonia morphotypes highlighted the genetic diversity within species and variability of antimicrobial properties of ethanolic leaf extracts among morphotypes. These results provide baseline data in the valuation of genetic resources and the establishment of improvement programs.
A validated LC–MS/MS method for the determination of RAF inhibitor LXH254: Application to pharmacokinetic study in rat
Authors: Li Rong , Ren Meiping , Lu Wei , Yuan Yunhua , Li Jian , Zhong Wu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, a simple and sensitive UHPLC–ESI–MS/MS method was established for the determination of LXH254 in rat plasma. The developed method was validated according to the Food and Drug administration guidelines. After extraction using ethyl acetate, the sample was separated on an ACQUITY BEH C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of 2 mM ammonium acetate containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase with gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. A TSQ triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in positive‐ion mode was used for mass detection, with multiple reaction monitoring transitions of m/z 503.3 > 459.1 and m/z 435.3 > 367.1 for LXH254 and olaparib (internal standard), respectively. An excellent linearity was achieved in the concentration range of 0.1–1000 ng/mL, with correlation coefficient >0.998. The mean recovery was more than 78.55%. Inter‐ and intra‐day precision (percentage of relative standard deviation) did not exceed 12.87%, and accuracy was in the range of −2.50 to 13.50%. LXH254 was demonstrated to be stable under the tested storage conditions. The validated UHPLC–MS/MS method was further applied to the pharmacokinetic study of LXH254 in rat plasma after oral (2, 5, and 15 mg/kg) and intravenous (2 mg/kg) administrations. The pharmacokinetic study revealed that LXH254 showed low clearance, moderate bioavailability (~30%), and linear pharmacokinetic profile over the oral dose range of 2–15 mg/kg. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the method development and validation of the determination of LXH254 and its application to pharmacokinetic study.
Embedding 3D models in offline physical environments
Authors: Ertugrul Egemen , Zhang Han , Zhu Fang , Lu Ping , Li Ping , Sheng Bin , Wu Enhua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article introduces a novel approach for embedding 3D models in offline physical environments using quick response (QR) codes. Unlike conventional methods, we consider settings where 3D models cannot be retrieved from a remote server. Our method involves generating octree models from voxelized 3D models and storing them in QR codes using a space‐efficient data structure. This allows storing 3D models that are both intelligible and purposeful on standard QR codes while addressing the major storage constraint that is present in offline situations. Furthermore, we explore 3D convolutional neural networks (CNN) and autoencoders (AE) to compress 3D models with high resolutions where using octrees alone does not suffice. To the best of our knowledge, our AE network is the first to employ octrees to further compress its encoded data. Through user‐friendly desktop and mobile applications, we allow users to encode, decode and visualize 3D models in augmented reality (AR) using QR codes, thus experiment with our methods. The proposed approach enables unique applications and future research in ubiquitous computing, 3D data compression and transmission, 3D AEs, AR and Virtual Reality, low‐cost autonomous robots, and 3D printing.