bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latinos’ Knowledge of the Supreme Court
Authors: Pedraza Francisco I. , Ura Joseph Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere is convincing evidence that Americans have high, stable levels of knowledge about the Supreme Court. Yet, this conclusion masks variance in political knowledge associated with ethnicity. Using data from surveys of Latinos and non-Latinos fielded before and after the Supreme Court’s rulings in Arizona v. United States and National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, we find Latinos know less about the Court than other Americans. However, Latinos’ knowledge of the Court increased significantly between the surveys, while others’ Supreme Court knowledge did not. We discuss the implications of this result for the Supreme Court’s legitimacy and civic education policy.
Improving subspace constrained radial fast spin echo MRI using block matching driven non-local low rank regularization
Authors: Mandava Sagar , Keerthivasan Mahesh B , Martin Diego R , Altbach Maria I , Bilgin Ali 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Subspace-constrained reconstruction methods restrict the relaxation signals (of size M) in the scene to a pre-determined subspace (of size K≪M) and allow multi-contrast imaging and parameter mapping from accelerated acquisitions. However, these constraints yield poor image quality at some imaging contrasts, which can impact the parameter mapping performance. Additional regularization such as the use of joint-sparse (JS) or locally-low-rank (LLR) constraints can help improve the recovery of these images but are not sufficient when operating at high acceleration rates. We propose a method, non-local rank 3D (NLR3D), that is built on block matching and transform domain low rank constraints to allow high quality recovery of subspace-coefficient images (SCI) and subsequent multi-contrast imaging and parameter mapping. The performance of NLR3D was evaluated using Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations and compared against the JS and LLR methods. In vivo T
2 mapping results are presented on brain and knee datasets. MC results demonstrate improved bias, variance, and MSE behavior in both the multi-contrast images and parameter maps when compared to the JS and LLR methods. In vivo brain and knee results at moderate and high acceleration rates demonstrate improved recovery of high SNR early TE images as well as parameter maps. No significant difference was found in the T2 values measured in ROIs between the NLR3D reconstructions and the reference images (Wilcoxon signed rank test). The proposed method, NLR3D, enables recovery of high-quality SCI and, consequently, the associated multi-contrast images and parameter maps.
Sparse functional linear discriminant analysis
Authors: Park Juhyun , Ahn Jeongyoun , Jeon Yongho 
Published: December 2020

SummaryFunctional linear discriminant analysis provides a simple yet efficient method for classification, with the possibility of achieving perfect classification. Several methods have been proposed in the literature that mostly address the dimensionality of the problem. On the other hand, there is growing interest in interpretability of the analysis, which favours a simple and sparse solution. In this paper we propose a new approach that incorporates a type of sparsity that identifies nonzero subdomains in the functional setting, yielding a solution that is easier to interpret without compromising performance. Given the need to embed additional constraints in the solution, we reformulate functional linear discriminant analysis as a regularization problem with an appropriate penalty. Inspired by the success of $\ell_1$-type regularization at inducing zero coefficients for scalar variables, we develop a new regularization method for functional linear discriminant analysis that incorporates an $L^1$-type penalty, $\int |f|$, to induce zero regions. We demonstrate that our formulation has a well-defined solution that contains zero regions, achieving functional sparsity in the sense of domain selection. In addition, the misclassification probability of the regularized solution is shown to converge to the Bayes error if the data are Gaussian. Our method does not assume that the underlying function has zero regions in the domain, but it produces a sparse estimator that consistently estimates the true function whether or not the latter is sparse. Using both simulated and real data examples, we demonstrate this property of our method in finite samples through comparisons with existing methods.
Mobilizing Collective Action for Public Health Approaches to Dementia Education
Authors: Severance Jennifer , Luk-Jones Susanna , Melissa Griffin , Redeemer Glenda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Addressing increasing rates of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) requires public health approaches including prevention, early detection and diagnosis, and outreach to low-income and minority communities facing higher risk and adverse health and economic outcomes. Communities are seeking ways to enhance cross-sector collaboration and overcome underdeveloped relationships and fragmentation that are barriers to effective public health responses. In this exploratory study, we evaluated outcomes of a community-wide effort to mobilize systems-level changes, build public awareness, and increase access to early detection services. A community-based organization, public health department, and academic institution in North Texas partnered to expand ADRD education programs and outreach for underserved communities. Nineteen community health workers were trained to provide brain health and ADRD education programs and refer to financial, legal, and social resources. Through collective action, 371 participants attended 26 education sessions delivered in English and Spanish. Forty-five percent of participants identified as non-white and 61% reported low educational attainment. Participants (n=314) completed post-surveys. As a result of training, 89% of trainees could recognize common warning signs of Alzheimer’s disease, 86% understood the importance of early detection and diagnosis, and 96% knew activities promoting cognitive health. Findings revealed strategies to increase collective action such as sharing data, establishing referral methods, and adopting dementia-friendly and age-friendly frameworks. Results show that collective action has the potential to build a community’s capacity for targeted ADRD education and improve access to early detection and brain health education for at-risk populations.
Preparing Students to Interact With Persons With Dementia in a Research Context
Authors: Peterson Roberta , Avent Elizabeth , Gassoumis Zachary , Cho Jeanine Yonashiro , Olsen Bonnie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
By U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates, the number of older adults with Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias (ADRD) is expected to increase 278% by 2060 to affect approximately 13.9 million individuals. Research is needed to not only improve understanding and treatment of ADRD but to also study its effect on the physical, emotional, and psychological well-being of persons with dementia (PWD) and their care partners (CP). However, due to the diminishing cognitive and functional capacities of PWDs associated with the progression of ADRD over time, research efforts are sometimes hampered by a plethora of potential scientific, logistical, ethical, and emotional barriers. This session will introduce an educational approach used to train students who are interested in conducting in-home research among PWDs and their CPs and share lessons learned through the program’s pilot training of undergraduate and graduate students (N=6). Through didactic training, role-playing exercises, and experiential learning processes, trainees are equipped to accompany research project interviewers into the homes of PWD and assist in implementing research protocols. Students receive extensive training in the disease trajectories of ADRD, the impacts of disease on PWDs and their CPs, ways to communicate and interact with PWDs, best practices in promoting the protection and autonomy of human subjects with dementia, and approaches to obtaining quality data for research.
A Longitudinal Aging and End-of-Life Care Curriculum for Medical Students Using the Geriatric 5Ms Framework
Authors: Schwartz Andrea , Schaefer Kristen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Medical student training in geriatrics and palliative care is critical to prepare them to care for older adults and those facing serious illness. We created a longitudinal Aging and End of Life Care Curriculum at Harvard Medical School, using Kern’s Curriculum Design Model. We conducted a focused needs assessment survey with course and clerkship directors, then implemented curricula based on the AAMC and Hartford Foundation’s 26 learning objectives in Geriatrics (Leipzig et al, Acad Med 2009), and “Raising the Bar for the care of seriously ill patients” which established competencies for medical students in palliative care (Schaefer at al, Acad Med 2014). We structured the curricular content to enable spaced learning, using the Geriatric 5Ms framework of Mobility, Mind, Medications, Multi-complexity and Matters Most (Tinetti at al, JAGS 2017), which aligns with the Age Friendly Health Systems Initiative priorities. Students participate in trainings on Delivering Serious News and Goals of Care Conversations, structured home visits with older adults, and clinical reasoning sessions focused on falls, delirium and polypharmacy risk reduction. The curriculum includes interactive, case based and jigsaw learning, as well as flipped classroom learning. Students are evaluated using a three part longitudinal Objective Structured Clinical Examination with an aging patient, which demonstrates an increase in medical student clinical skills in geriatrics. Individual sessions of the curriculum demonstrate increases in student knowledge of and attitude to geriatrics; longitudinal assessment is ongoing to ensure that students graduate ready to care for an aging society with competence, knowledge and compassion.
Huddle Up! A Comprehensive Approach to Improving Interdisciplinary Huddle in a VA Geriatric Primary Care Clinic
Authors: Wilking-Johnson Juliana , Sussman Joleen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Spending time in brief meetings or “huddles” is associated with greater job satisfaction and less burnout, especially when team members have mutually agreed upon goals and can participate in decision-making. However, huddles are often unproductive and may have opposite the intended effect if not tailored to the specific team involved. We sent a survey to all members of our VA Geriatric primary care team (including geriatric medicine fellows, social work, psychology, audiology, pharmacy, faculty and support staff) asking them to rate our huddle’s impact on their stress level, efficiency, learning, preparedness and feeling supported at work. Responders indicated if they received needed information and if they understood what information was needed from them. We then held a team meeting to establish mutually agreed upon goals, expectations and organization of huddle, which were then reinforced with visual and timer reminders. After 6 weeks utilizing the new format, we administered a post intervention survey assessing the impact of the change. The initial survey revealed that the geriatric medicine fellows had worse ratings than other trainees, staff, and faculty. Fellows were more likely to say that they did not know what information was needed from them; and they did not receive information needed from others. The follow up survey showed improvement in all scores among geriatrics medicine fellows and allied health professionals, including 100% of respondents indicating they receive needed information. Overall, comments regarding the intervention were positive, demonstrating that a structured, organized huddle tailored to a specific team, can be beneficial.
Diverse Family Caregivers, Diverse Experiences in Caring
Authors: Young Heather , Bell Janice , Choula Rita , Kilaberia Tina , Reinhard Susan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Home Alone Revisited Study examined the experience of family caregivers including demands of caring for someone with physical, mental or behavioral health care needs, revealing a large proportion of caregivers managing medical/nursing tasks. The aim of this paper was to explicate racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of tasks and the perceptions of caregivers regarding their responsibilities. The study was a nationally representative, population-based online survey that oversampled underrepresented groups. The sample included 2,089 diverse family caregivers (Hispanic, n=307; Black/African American, n = 231; Asian/Pacific Islander, n=196; White, n=1,284; multi-racial, n= 71), 57% women, ranging from 18 to 91 years of age. Overall, fifty-two percent of caregivers reported performing at least one medical/nursing task for their care recipient, with a greater percentage (p&lt;0.01) engaged in these tasks in two groups: Asian/Pacific Islander (62%) and multiracial (62%). Across the five racial/ethnic groups, we found significant differences in having a choice, feeling pressure, and the influence of culture and religion on the decision to take on medical/nursing tasks. There were also significant differences in the prevalence of performing 17 specific tasks, reports of difficulty with the tasks, the extent to which respondents felt prepared, and the strain that they experienced in providing care. The findings reveal both commonalities and significant heterogeneity in the caregiving experience, suggesting the importance of advancing the dialogue among health and social service providers about providing culturally and linguistically appropriate care and developing responsive tools and resources to support family caregivers as they engage in complex care.
Feasibility and Acceptability of an mHealth Delivered Mindfulness Therapy for Caregivers
Authors: Kozlov Elissa , Dong XinQi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Decades of research have documented the profound, negative effects of caregiving on unpaid caregivers. Mindfulness Therapy (MT) is a promising, non-pharmacological technique with proven efficacy and effectiveness in managing stress, depression and anxiety in diverse populations. While the evidence-base for MT in caregiving is growing, traditional MT (8+ hours of face-to-face treatment with trained providers) is likely not a realistic treatment model for most caregivers due to lack of trained personnel, time constraints of the caregiver, and reimbursement issues. Therefore, in order to meet the unique needs of caregivers of older adults with cognitive impairment, an innovative delivery model is required. MHealth can be a useful tool to deliver behavioral interventions, as it overcomes barriers of traditional psychotherapy such as provider availability, scheduling conflicts, and cost. The objective of this paper is to report the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a pilot trial of mHealth delivered MT for stress and caregiver burden in caregivers of persons with dementia. The average age of participant was 63.2 years old. After two weeks, 93% of participants reported using the mindfulness app for an average of 48.38 minutes per week. At eight weeks, 88% of users reported using the mindfulness app for an average of 35 minutes per week. At 8 weeks, 100% of users reported practicing mindfulness without using the app for an average of 45.6 minutes per week. MHealth mindfulness therapy appears to be a feasible method of delivering mindfulness to caregivers of older adults with memory impairment.
Under the Digital Bridge: Investigating Trolling Behaviors in Baby Boomers
Authors: Hardin-Sigler Kristen , Deason Rebecca , Dailey Stephanie , Ceballos Natalie , Howard Krista 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Internet trolling, or the intentional disturbance or upsetting of others on social media for personal amusement, has become increasingly prevalent in recent years (Howard et al., 2019). Current research focuses on these destructive social media behaviors in younger populations, therefore this study set out to investigate the gender differences of trolling behaviors in Baby Boomers. Participants (N = 140), ages 54 and older, were recruited from the Amazon Mechanical Turk and were compensated for their participation. Participants completed a survey investigating their likelihood to engage in trolling behaviors, the extent to which they enjoy trolling, and their feelings while trolling. Results indicated that while there were no significant differences between men and women in their need, intensity of use, or addiction to social media, men were significantly more likely to engage in trolling behaviors than women. Men reported posting to upset others (p = .018), as well as commenting to upset others (p = .053), more often than women. Furthermore, when engaging in these behaviors, men reported feeling intelligent (p = .013), confident (p = .024), superior (p = .053), and happy (p = .012), more often than women. However, these results could be indicative of a more sinister issue. Men also reported more often that their reasons for engaging in trolling behaviors were feelings of loneliness (p = .005) and anxiety (p = .010). This indicates that these trolling behaviors may then be a way for men to seek out some form of “social support” in the online community.
Voice Technologies to Support Aging in Place: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Pradhan Alisha , Lazar Amanda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Technology to support aging in place has been a topic of interest. Research indicates that older adults are increasingly using commercially available voice assistants in smart speakers. These devices enable non-visual interaction that does not require extensive expertise with traditional mobile or desktop computers, thus offering new possibilities of access to digital technology. We conducted two different studies with individuals aged 65 years old or above—a three week smart speaker deployment study with individuals who did not use computing devices regularly and a workshop on customizing internet of things technology with tech savvy individuals. Our findings indicate specific ways that these voice technologies might support aging in place, including ease of use and due to their not being identified with aging-specific technologies. We observed that participants consistently used their voice agent for finding online information, particularly health-related, emphasizing the need to revisit concerns about credibility of information with this new interaction medium. And, although features to support memory (e.g., setting timers, reminders) were initially perceived as useful, the actual usage was unexpectedly low due to reliability concerns. Our work provides a basis to understand older adults’ perceptions and usage of current voice technologies. We also identify opportunities for customizing voice technologies to better support aging in place.
The Impact of Memory Stereotype Threat on Memory and Memory Self-Efficacy in Older Adults
Authors: Fredriksen Lauren , Zucchero Renee’ , Partlow Brock , Infante Ruth , Taylor Janie , Washburn Haley 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study examined the impact of memory stereotype threat on memory duration (e.g., short-term and long-term) and modality (e.g., verbal and non-verbal), and memory self-efficacy in older adults who live independently (Mage = 77 years). Participants (N= 66) were randomly assigned to a group that received either neutral instructions or memory stereotype threat inducing instructions. All participants completed the California Verbal Memory Test-Second Edition (CVLT-2), the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT), a memory self-efficacy measure, and a demographics survey. An independent samples t-test indicated participants in the stereotype threat group reported significantly lower memory self-efficacy than participants in the neutral group. The main effect of the within-subjects factor of a 2x2 mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that participants performed significantly better on short-term non-verbal memory than long-term non-verbal memory. There was no significant difference between the neutral and stereotype threat groups in memory modality or duration. These results may indicate that the instructions used to induce memory stereotype threat were not phrased strongly enough to elicit poorer performance on the CVLT-2 and RCFT in the memory stereotype threat group. Additionally, participants reported having a high level of education (i.e., a master’s degree was the modal educational level), which may have served as a buffer for memory stereotype threat. The findings call for future research to explore the impact of level of education on memory self-efficacy in older adults. Also, future research may focus on the impact of the strength of memory stereotype threat on memory performance.
Informing the Future: Cancer Prevention and Diagnosis Beliefs Among Older Latino Immigrants
Authors: Carrion Iraida , Neelamegam Malinee , Roberts Jane 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite emerging research on Latinos and cancer (Carrion et al., 2018), there are no data regarding beliefs about cancer prevention and diagnosis in older Latinos residing in Central Florida. Similarly, to the US in general, Central Florida’s older Latino population is growing. Compared with other national samples, Latino immigrants in the southern U.S. report poorer health than in other regions (Siegel et al., 2015). Using convenience sampling (N = 168), univariate analysis was done to recognize the study population’s characteristics. Frequencies were assessed to understand participants’ responses to questions on cancer-related attitudes. The effects of age, country of origin, length of stay in the U.S., and marital status were assessed using logistic regression. Of the 168 individuals in the study, 34.5% were male with a mean age of 67.9, and a majority had at least a high school education and 25.8 years residing in the U.S. The participants were aware that tobacco use can cause cancer (93.5%) and that smoking affects the smoker as well as their family members (84.5%). They were also aware that mammograms facilitate early diagnosis of breast cancer (81.5%) and of the association between prolonged sun exposure and skin cancer (86.9%). However, specific knowledge about early diagnosis was low. Only 29.2% of participants knew that breast cancer can be diagnosed early, which was similar to the response toward early diagnosis of prostate cancer (24.4%). Among the participants, 26.2% were categorized as having poor knowledge of cancer prevention.