bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ORGANIZATIONAL POLICY FRAMEWORK AND STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION GAPS
Authors: Narikae Parmain ole , Namada Dr. Juliana M. , Katuse Prof. Paul 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The journal aims at assessing how organizational policy framework leads to strategy implementation gaps. The study population was made up of management and support staff of Kenyan commercial banks.Methodology: It employed the use of questionnaires to obtain relevant data from respondents. The study focused on 250 top, middle and lower level employees from Kenyan commercial banks. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics methods used include mean and standard deviation. The inferential statistics used in the study include Pearson correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and coefficients. The research data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Microsoft Excel programs. Organizational policy framework was divided into ten parameters; standard operating procedures, operations manuals, loan processing policies, human resource policies, company circulars, departmental communication, memos, instructional letters, email instructions and information technology policies. Of all the ten factors of organizational policy framework, the highly statistical significant ones were standard operational procedures and loan processing policies.Results: A correlation analysis to determine the relationship between standard operating procedures and loan processing policies established that standard operating procedures influenced loan processing policies.Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study assessed how policy framework leads to strategy implementation gaps in Kenyan Commercial Banks. Further studies about factors leading to strategy implementation gaps should be conducted on other financial institutions like insurance and, indeed, other industries.
MANAGING STRATEGIC CHANGE AT GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY IN KENYA
Authors: Jepchirchir Rebecca Tallam , Memba Dr. Florence 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This research project aimed at investigating the management of strategic change at Geothermal Development Company.Methodology: This study adopted a case study since the unit of analysis was biased to one organization that is GDC. Face to face interviews were carried out. Permission from the organization was sought and consent from individual heads of divisions was also requested through a formal letter. The data obtained from the interview guide was analyzed qualitatively.Results: From the study, the researcher found that GDC change management as a critical decision making for the institution. In addition leadership in GDC strongly influences change.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Management should address the challenge of insufficient resources to facilitate strategy implementation. The management of GDC should also be forecasting on the long term strategic change and minimize creation of short term forecasts that requires change that will not take them to the forecasted long term objectives.
EFFECT OF RAILWAY NETWORK INEFFICIENCIES ON BUSINESS OPERATIONS OF TATA CHEMICALS MAGADI, MOMBASA IN KENYA
Authors: Sakimpa Keponyi , Muturi Dr. Willy M. , Otieno Dr Mos 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of railway network inefficiencies on business operations of Tata chemicals Magadi, Mombasa in Kenya.Methodology: This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population of this study was the 450 employees of TATA Chemical Magadi Ltd. The study used a sample of 135 employees. The study employed stratified random sampling to identify the 135 respondents. The strata were those of top management, middle management/supervisors and non-managerial employees. Primary data was used to gather information by use of questionnaires. Information was sorted, coded and input into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 20) for production of descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Results on the analysis of variance showed that the overall model was statistically significant and that the independent variables were good predictors of performance. This was supported by an F statistic of 71.69 and the reported p value (0.000) which was less than the conventional probability of 0.05significance level. Descriptive results indicated that inefficiencies of Kenya Railway Corporation greatly affect production targets, customer satisfaction, sales targets and equipment utilization in Tata chemicals Magadi Ltd which in turn affects the performance of the company.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The government should allocate additional annual budget to the Kenya Railways Corporation to provide efficient means of transporting freight between cities and towns. Additionally, management of Tata Chemicals Magadi Ltd should exercise stronger leadership to enhance long term planning and disaster management to avoid loss to customers and manage its efficiency.
The ICC or the ACC
Authors: Ekori Aghem Hanson 
Published: September 2020

The ICC or the ACC: Defining the Future of the Immunities of African State Officials
The International Criminal Court (ICC), whose treaty came into force about 18 years ago, was highly celebrated at the time of its creation in 1998 by many African states, led by the African Union (AU), even though it does not recognize the immunities of state officials before its jurisdiction. Conversely, the African Criminal Court (ACC), which was established in 2014 through a Protocol by the AU, recognizes the personal immunities of serving African state officials before its jurisdiction. Accordingly, this article argues that both Article 46A bis of the Malabo Protocol and Article 27 of the Rome Statute are neither inconsistent nor violative of the customary international law rules on the immunities of state officials. It further suggests that the immunity provision in Article 46A bis may be an affront to justice to the people of Africa as long as the state officials are in office despite its seeming consistency with customary international law rule. Finally, in exploring the future of the immunities of African state officials, the article will examine the possibility of blending the jurisdictions of both the ICC and the ACC through the complementarity principle since both courts are aimed at ending impunity for international crimes.
Welzijn, primaire levensbehoeften en delinquentie bij adolescenten
Authors: Serie Colinda , Pleysier Stefaan , Put Johan , de Ruiter Corine 
Published: September 2020

Well-being, primary goods, and delinquency in adolescents. Testing the etiological assumptions of the Good Lives Model
A recent rehabilitation theory, the ‘Good Lives Model’ (GLM), states that interventions that work towards a higher well-being can reduce recidivism risk more sustainably by promising a happier, pro-social life, rather than just a less harmful one. Although the GLM theory appears promising, limited empirical research has examined its underlying assumptions, applicability and its effectiveness. Research into the GLM with youth is even more limited. Therefore, in the current study, we investigate the main etiological assumptions of the GLM in a large group of adolescents between 14 and 18 years old from the general population (N=5.776), by means of self-report survey data on well-being, primary human goods and delinquency. The results show that a lower subjective global well-being is related to delinquent behavior. Especially the primary human goods of relatedness and working towards a financially stable future appear to be important goals for interventions aimed at rehabilitation of juvenile offenders.
Evaluation of Heart Rate, Work Rate and O2 Uptake Relationships During Constant Load Exercise Test Work Load at the Anaerobic Threshold in Healthy Male
Authors: UGRAS Seda , OZCELİK Oguz 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: During an incremental exercise test, increased metabolic demands of exercising muscle should be compensated with increased O2 uptake and heart rate until to their maximal levels. Anaerobic threshold (AT) describes the point of metabolic transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism and reflect moderate exercise intensity. The aim of this study was to evaluate O2 uptake to heart beat ratio (O2 pulse) and heat rate to work rate ratio (HR/WR) in response to constant load exercise at work load corresponded to AT.
Method: Twelve healthy young male subjects initially performed an incremental exercise test (15 W/min) until exhaustion. Then, each subject performed a 30 min of constant load exercise test that work load at their AT on separate days. Pulmonary gas exchange parameters were measured breath-by breath using a metabolic gas analyser. Cardiac parameters were followed continuously beat-by beat using a 12 lead ECG. AT estimated non-invasively using V-slope method.
Results: The heart rate for each watt of work production (HR/WR) was ranged between 0.97 beat/min/W to 1.76 beat/min/W and averaged 1.25±0.2 beat/min/W. The O2 pulse was ranged between 10.56 mL/min/beat to 16.15 mL/min/beat and averaged 13.38±1.5 mL/min/beat at the end of the test. A negative statistically significant correlation (R = - 0.90316, p
A model of twenty-three metabolic-related genes predicting overall survival for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Zhenyu , He Boxue , Cai Qidong , Zhang Pengfei , Peng Xiong , Zhang Yuqian , Xie Hui , Wang Xiang 
Published: September 2020

Background
The highest rate of cancer-related deaths worldwide is from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) annually. Metabolism was associated with tumorigenesis and cancer development. Metabolic-related genes may be important biomarkers and metabolic therapeutic targets for LUAD.

Materials and Methods
In this study, the gleaned cohort included LUAD RNA-SEQ data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and corresponding clinical data (n = 445). The training cohort was utilized to model construction, and data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, GSE30219 cohort, n = 83; GEO, GSE72094, n = 393) were regarded as a testing cohort and utilized for validation. First, we used a lasso-penalized Cox regression analysis to build a new metabolic-related signature for predicting the prognosis of LUAD patients. Next, we verified the metabolic gene model by survival analysis, C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were utilized to verify the gene signature as an independent prognostic factor. Finally, we constructed a nomogram and performed gene set enrichment analysis to facilitate subsequent clinical applications and molecular mechanism analysis.

Result
Patients with higher risk scores showed significantly associated with poorer survival. We also verified the signature can work as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD survival. The nomogram showed better clinical application performance for LUAD patient prognostic prediction. Finally, KEGG and GO pathways enrichment analyses suggested several especially enriched pathways, which may be helpful for us investigative the underlying mechanisms.
Forest before the trees in the aquatic world: global and local processing in teleost fishes
Authors: Santacà Maria , Miletto Petrazzini Maria Elena , Dadda Marco , Agrillo Christian 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe study of illusory phenomena is important to understanding the similarities and differences between mammals and birds’ perceptual systems. In recent years, the analysis has been enlarged to include cold-blooded vertebrates, such as fish. However, evidence collected in the literature have drawn a contradictory picture, with some fish species exhibiting a human-like perception of visual illusions and others showing either a reversed perception or no susceptibility to visual illusions. The possibility exists that these mixed results relate to interspecific variability in perceptual grouping mechanisms. Therefore, we studied whether fish of five species exhibit a spontaneous tendency to prioritize a global analysis of the visual scene—also known as global-to-local precedence—instead of focusing on local details.MethodsUsing Navon-like stimuli (i.e., larger recognisable shapes composed of copies of smaller different shapes), we trained redtail splitfin, zebrafish, angelfish, Siamese fighting fish and three spot gourami to discriminate between two figures characterized by congruency between global and local information (a circle made by small circles and a cross made by small crosses). In the test phase, we put global and local cues (e.g., a circle made by small crosses) into contrast to see whether fish spontaneously rely on global or local information.ResultsLike humans, fish seem to have an overall global-to-local precedence, with no significant differences among the species. However, looking at the species-specific level, only four out of five species showed a significant global-to-local precedence, and at different degrees. Because these species are distantly related and occupy a broad spectrum of ecological adaptations, we suggest that the tendency to prioritize a global analysis of visual inputs may be more similar in fish than expected by the mixed results of visual illusion studies.
A new species ofScapholeberisSchoedler, 1858 (Anomopoda: Daphniidae: Scapholeberinae) from the Colombian Amazon basin highlighted by DNA barcodes and morphology
Authors: Andrade-Sossa Camilo , Buitron-Caicedo Lorena , Elías-Gutiérrez Manuel 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe Amazon basin is recognized as one of the most complex and species-rich freshwater environments globally. The diversity of zooplankton here remains unknown, with many species undescribed.MethodsHere, we describe a new species ofScapholeberisSchoedler, 1858 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Daphniidae: Scapholeberinae) from the Colombian Amazon Basin, collected with recently designed light traps. The description is based on detailed morphology (based on SEM and light microscopy) of parthenogenetic females, ephippial females, males, and molecular data based on the COI gene.ResultsScapholeberis yahuarcaquensisn. sp. has a combination of characters present inScapholeberis kingiSars, 1888 andScapholeberis armata freyiDumont & Pensaert, 1983. These are a trilobate rostrum, with the middle lobe well developed with sides straight to relatively rounded, the presence of an elongated slit frontal head pore, a dorsal pore in the juncture of the cephalic shield and the valves, and a single denticulate membrane at the posterior rim of the valves, with stronger setae in the last third. The unique characters of the parthenogenetic females are ventral sucker with delicate triangles. Each has a filament-like projection in the lamellae’s inner side and an external section forming convex folds with denticle-like projections in the middle zone of the sucker-plate. There is a peculiar pitted sculpture in the ephippial females and a strong projection in the front of it. The male hook on the limb I with a blunt tip, a quirky lamella-like outgrow in the proximal side, and a paddle with well-developed spines scattered on its surface. The ventral sucker-lamellae in the male is much more developed than the female. The COI gene sequences showed an interspecific mean genetic divergence of 16.4% betweenS. yahuarcaquensisn. sp. and the closest speciesS. freyifrom Mexico, supporting our results. A coalescence analysis and Barcode Index Number also support the new species based on the DNA sequences. New methods of collecting and integrative biology will give important support to recognize the fauna from the Amazon Basin, one of the most important sources of fresh water in the world that remains unknown in many respects.
Alternative approaches for reducing schedule instability in multistage manufacturing under demand uncertainty
Authors: Kadipasaoglu Sukran N. , Sridharan V. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSchedule nervousness caused by uncertainty in demand or supply or by dynamic lot‐sizing can be an obstacle to effective execution of material requirements planning (MRP) systems. Previous studies on the effectiveness of alternative approaches for dampening nervousness almost always considered single‐level product structures and deterministic demand conditions. This study evaluates the effectiveness of three strategies for reducing nervousness in multi‐level MRP systems under demand uncertainty: (1) freezing, (2) end‐item safety stock, and (3) lot‐for‐lot scheduling below level 0. The strategies are evaluated under a wide range of operating conditions characterized by variations in item cost structure, product structure, demand uncertainty, and lot‐sizing methods used. A multi‐level MRP system is simulated to study the relative performance of the three strategies. Results indicate that freezing the master production schedule is the most effective approach in terms of reducing both instability and cost as the freeze length covers the cumulative lead time. It is also the least sensitive to changes in operating conditions.
Social skills training for chronic psychotic patients: A French study
Authors: Chambon O , Marie-Cardine M , Dazord A 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe aim of this article is to describe the cognitive-behavioral methods for social rehabilitation and psychotherapy of chronic psychotic patients which are nowadays available in French-speaking countries, then to propose a theoretical framework to help integrate these various methods for use in our duly pratice and, finally, to expose our research in this field, especially concerning the topic of quality of life and social skills training programs. We present a study we designed in order to assess the impact of a comprehensive social skills training program upon quality of life of chronic schizophrenic patients. Starting from the point of view that a good psychosocial rehabilitation program is one that improves social skills and social functioning without negative effects on quality of life, we tried to show such qualities in a quite comprehensive rehabilitation program using social skills training methods corresponding to the social readaptative “modules” from Liberman and Wallace's Social and Independant Living Skills Program — “medication management module” — followed by “basic conversational skills module”, and finally, a brief adapted version of “interpersonal problem solving skills module”. We were able to observe the evolution of social skills and functioning of eight schizophrenic patients having benefited from this program, over a one year period, and we compared results regarding quality of life with two control groups made of schizophrenic patients, one of them having benefited from a supportive group therapy in order to study the impact of non-specific factors. The results indicate a clear dissociation between direct benefits of social skills training (knowledge, social skills, social functioning and symptomatology) which all showed a significant improvement in the experimental group, and subjective benefits (self-esteem, sense of self-efficacy, quality of life) which showed no change, as well when consider no intra-group as well as between group comparisons.
Dystocia: a study of its frequency and risk factors in seven cities of west Africa
Authors: Ould El Joud D. , Bouvier‐Colle M.‐H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: To determine the incidence of dystocia in seven west African cities, to attempt to discover what, if any, factors at the prenatal visit might identify women at risk of dystocia, and to assess the utility of such screening. Method: This prospective population study of 20 326 pregnant women in west Africa (MOMA) analyzed risk factors for dystocia on the basis of deliveries in health care facilities. Results: Incidence of dystocia was 18.3%. In the multivariate analysis, the risk factors were small stature, previous cesarean, and nulliparity. As screening tools these factors have inadequate positive predictive values, either singly or combined. Conclusion: It is almost impossible to predict the occurrence of dystocia before the onset of labor. Therefore, labor must be carefully monitored, and there must be health care facilities available that can manage complications, especially cesarean deliveries. If such facilities are not accessible, an effective referral system must be established.
Epidemiology of eclampsia in Colombia
Authors: Conde‐Agudelo A. , Kafury‐Goeta A.C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To measure the incidence of eclampsia, its maternal and perinatal outcomes and patterns of presentation of this disease in our environment. Method: Retrospective descriptive study of 164 cases of eclampsia managed at the Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia from September 1993 to August 1995. Information was collected from reviews of hospital case‐notes. Results: The incidence of eclampsia was 8.1/1000 deliveries. Maternal mortality was 6.1%. Fifty‐seven percent of seizures occurred antepartum, 22% during labor, and 21% after delivery. Sixty‐nine cases (42%) presented preterm. Ninety‐eight women (60%) were nulliparous. Approximately one quarter of the women did not have hypertension or significant proteinuria at the time of seizures. Twenty percent of all women had at least one major complication. Perinatal mortality was 12.8%. Antepartum and postpartum cases were more severe than intrapartum cases. Conclusion: Eclampsia occurs in one in 124 deliveries in Cali, Colombia and is associated with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Aspiration and microscopy in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Lipscomb G.H , Gildner K , Shulman L.P , Eltorky M , McCord M.L , Ling F.W 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To compare Karman cannula aspiration followed by dissecting microscopy with suction curettage and permanent histology in obtaining and identifying chorionic villi. Methods: Karman cannula aspiration was performed before standard curettage for failed intrauterine pregnancies (N=22) or possible ectopic gestation (N=24). Dissection microscopy for chorionic villi was performed on aspirates before submission for permanent histology. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of each method in obtaining and identifying villi was determined. Results: Overall, all methods were only moderately sensitive in detecting chorionic villi (50–76%). If failed intrauterine pregnancies were excluded, all methods had poor sensitivity (25–64%). However, if villi were detected, the positive predictive value of all methods was high (>80%). Conclusions: Karman cannula aspiration followed by dissecting microscope examination or permanent histology may offer an alternative to traditional curettage in the diagnosis of ectopic gestations. A larger trial to validate these findings seems justified.
Flexible bed allocation and performance in the intensive care unit
Authors: Seung‐Chul Kim , Ira Horowitz , Karl K Young , Thomas A Buckley 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe beds of an intensive care unit (ICU) are a scarce resource. Stochastic patient demands for these beds and stochastic service times in their utilization make managing that resource a complex problem lacking an easy solution. The current practice in one Hong Kong hospital is for the ICU administrator to exploit the fact that there are some patients whose admission to the unit can be postponed. These are patients scheduled for an elective surgery that can be cancelled. One way to minimize the number of cancelled surgeries is to reserve some of the unit's beds for the exclusive use of the elective‐surgery patients. We evaluate various bed‐reservation schemes via a simulation model that is based on this ICU's historical data, and demonstrate the tradeoffs that each requires among various relevant system‐performance measures. We further show how this information can be summarized in a classic efficient frontier. This frontier provides a useful medium through which the ICU administrator can communicate the rationale behind the chosen bed‐allocation system to the surgeons and the ICU physicians, in an attempt to resolve the potential conflicts between them.