bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auxin is required for the long coleoptile trait in japonica rice under submergence
Authors: Nghi Khac Nhu , Tagliani Andrea , Mariotti Lorenzo , Weits Daan A. , Perata Pierdomenico , Pucciariello Chiara 
Published: July 2020

Summary

Rice coleoptile elongation under submergence guarantees fast seedling establishment in the field. We investigated the role of auxin in influencing the capacity of rice to produce a long coleoptile under water.

In order to explore the complexity of auxin's role in coleoptile elongation, we used gene expression analysis, confocal microscopy of an auxin‐responsive fluorescent reporter, gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS), and T‐DNA insertional mutants of an auxin transport protein.

We show that a higher auxin availability in the coleoptile correlates with the final coleoptile length under submergence. We also identified the auxin influx carrier AUX1 as a component influencing this trait under submergence. The coleoptile tip is involved in the final length of rice varieties harbouring a long coleoptile.

Our experimental results indicate that auxin biosynthesis and transport underlies the differential elongation between short and long coleoptile‐harbouring japonica rice varieties.
Intermittent parathyroid hormone improves orthodontic retention via insulin‐like growth factor‐1
Authors: Li Tiancheng , Yan Ziqi , He Shushu , Zhou Chenchen , Wang Han , Yin Xing , Zou Shujuan , Duan Peipei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) on the stability of orthodontic retention and to explore the possible regulatory role of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) in this process.MethodsForty‐eight 6‐week‐old male Wistar rats were adopted in this study. An orthodontic relapsing model was established to investigate the effects of iPTH on orthodontic retention. In vitro, an immortalized mouse cementoblast cell line OCCM‐30 was detected by flow cytometry to study the effects of iPTH on cell proliferation and apoptosis. By application of a specific IGF‐1 receptor inhibitor, the role of IGF‐1 was also explored.ResultsIn vivo study found that daily injection of PTH significantly reduced the relapsing distance. Histological staining and ELISA assay showed faster periodontal regeneration during retention period in PTH group with increased RANKL/OPG ratio and greater amount of OCN, ALP, and IGF‐1 in gingival cervical fluid (GCF). Cell experiment revealed that iPTH promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of cementoblast. IGF‐1 receptor inhibitor significantly restrained the anabolic effect of iPTH on OCCM‐30 cells.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that iPTH could improve the stability of tooth movement by promoting periodontal regeneration. IGF‐1 is essential in mediating the anabolic effects of iPTH.
Intraoral human herpes viruses detectable by PCR in majority of patients
Authors: Yap Tami , Khor Shuan , Kim Jung Seo , Kim Jaeyoung , Won Yun Jenny Sung , Kern Johannes S. , Martyres Raymond , Varigos George , Chan Hiu Tat , McCullough Michael J. , Thomas Melissa L , Scardamaglia Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo identify factors which influence the intraoral prevalence of human herpes viruses (HHVs) using mucosal swabs, saliva samples and qPCR analysis.MethodologyIn this cross‐sectional observational study, matched saliva and oral swabs were collected from a total of 115 subjects: 70 immunocompetent subjects with no mucosal abnormalities, 22 with mucosal abnormalities and 23 therapeutically immunocompromised individuals. Extracted DNA was analysed by multiplex qPCR for detection and quantification of HHVs 1–6.ResultsAt least one human herpes virus was detected in 77.1% of immunocompetent individuals with no mucosal abnormalities, with EBV the most commonly detected at 61.4%. HHV‐6 was detected in 17.1%, HSV‐1 in 4.3% and CMV in 1.1%. Detection was higher in saliva than in oral swabs. There was no detection of HSV‐2 or VZV. Neither presence of oral mucosal abnormality nor therapeutic immunocompromise was related to increased detection of human herpes virus.ConclusionCommensal detection rates of EBV are high, and caution in clinical correlation of positive detection is warranted. Commensal CMV rates are low, and detection is likely to be clinically relevant. This study presents a comprehensive commensal detection rate of HHVs 1–6 by qPCR in saliva and swabs.
TMJ arthroscopy with hyaluronic acid: A 12‐month randomized clinical trial
Authors: Castaño‐Joaqui Oscar Gabriel , Cano‐Sánchez Jorge , Campo‐Trapero Julián , Muñoz‐Guerra Mario Fernando 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) as an adjunct to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopy, relative to standard TMJ arthroscopy, in Wilkes stage‐III and stage‐IV patients.MethodsA randomized clinical trial design was utilized (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04110587). 51 patients were allocated to a TMJ arthroscopy (n = 25) or a TMJ arthroscopy plus HA (n = 26) group. Visual analog scale joint pain scores, maximum mouth opening (MMO), and muscle pain were measured at baseline, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Disk position on magnetic resonance imaging was evaluated at baseline and 12 months. Oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months.ResultsNo group differences were observed in clinical or radiographic measurements (p ≥ .05). The results do not indicate any benefit of HA as an adjuvant therapy to arthroscopy during follow‐up months 3–12. TMJ arthroscopy improved OHRQoL at 6 and 12 months (Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 questionnaire scores of −14.59 and −14.27, 95% confidence intervals = −17.55 to −11.63 and −17.27 to −11.27) respectively, as well as pain and MMO, at all follow‐up time points (p < .001).ConclusionsA beneficial effect of HA injection during TMJ arthroscopy after the 3‐month follow‐up was not observed.
Explanatory Consolidation: From ‘Best’ to ‘Good Enough’
Authors: Dellsén Finnur 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn science and everyday life, we often infer that something is true because it would explain some set of facts better than any other hypothesis we can think of. But what if we have reason to believe that there is a better way to explain these facts that we just haven’t thought of? Wouldn’t that undermine our warrant for believing the best available explanation? Many philosophers have assumed that we can solve suchunderconsideration problemsby stipulating that a hypothesis should not only be ‘the best’ explanation available; rather, it should also be ‘good enough’. Unfortunately, however, the only current suggestion for what it might mean to say that an explanation is ‘good enough’ is, well, not good enough. This paper aims to provide a better account of what is required for an explanatory hypothesis to be considered ‘good enough’. In brief, the account holds that a ‘good enough’ hypothesis is one that has gone through a process that I callexplanatory consolidation, in which accumulating evidence and failed attempts to formulate better alternatives gradually make it more plausible that the explanation we currently have is better than any other that could be formulated.
You are not alone – adolescents’ experiences of participation in a structured skills training group for ADHD
Authors: Meyer Jenny , Öster Caisa , Ramklint Mia , Isaksson Johan 
Published: July 2020

Little is known about how adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience participating in group therapy, an important factor to consider when developing treatment methods for this age group. This study aimed to explore how adolescents with ADHD experience participating in a structured skills training group program based on dialectical behavioral therapy. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 adolescents (15–18 years of age) with ADHD after participating in a structured skills training group. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and qualitative content analysis were used to analyze the text. The participants emphasized the value of meeting other adolescents with ADHD and the opportunity to exchange experiences, strategies and tips. Participating in the group treatment made the adolescents realize that they were not alone, and feelings of togetherness and an increased acceptance of themselves were described. The participants associated the treatment with elevated knowledge and understanding, for example, about ADHD, their own functioning and helpful strategies. They also described emotional and behavioral changes, such as higher self‐esteem, fewer inter‐personal conflicts and improved concentration. Activating and experiential exercises were considered important elements of the treatment, and the participants expressed a need for a variation of exercises, as well as more time for practicing skills, discussions and breaks. The results indicate that the group format add an extra value to the treatment and that the use of an active approach throughout the treatment is of importance for this group of patients.
The alteration of the gut microbiome by immunosuppressive agents used in solid organ transplantation
Authors: Gibson Caitlin M. , Childs‐Kean Lindsey M. , Naziruddin Zahra , Howell Crystal K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionStudies have suggested that in addition to antimicrobials, some non‐antibiotics may alter the gut microbiome. This systematic review sought to determine if there is an association between immunosuppressive agents used in recipients of solid organ transplants (SOT) and alterations in the gut microbiome.MethodsEnglish language PubMed and Scopus searches were conducted to identify relevant articles. Inclusion criteria were defined as pertaining to solid organ transplantation, immunosuppression, and the gut microbiome. Articles were excluded if they contained only genetic microbiota descriptions, narrative reviews of bacteria, or described bacteria as a pathogen for infections. PRISMA reporting was used to guide this literature review.ResultsA preliminary search identified 665 articles, of which 75 articles met the inclusion criteria, and 10 articles remained after application of exclusion criteria. Seventy‐one percent of articles discussed calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus, 38% included mycophenolate mofetil, and 52% included steroids, such as prednisone. Some studies utilized a combination of immunosuppressants or had multiple study arms. Seventy percent of the articles indicated changes in quantities of anaerobic bacteria including Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Clostridiales. Combinations of immunosuppressant agents were associated with an increase in colonization of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp.ConclusionSome immunosuppressants are associated with changes in gut flora, but the impact on clinical outcomes is unknown. Robust clinical trials delineating the direct effect of immunosuppressants on the gut microbiome as well as the impact on clinical outcomes are warranted.
A combined effect of anti‐HPA‐1a and anti‐HLA Class I in pregnancy?
Authors: Dahl Jesper , Skogen Bjørn , Kjaer Mette , Husebekk Anne , Kjeldsen‐Kragh Jens , Tiller Heidi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaternal anti–human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class I is commonly detected alongside anti–human platelet antigen (HPA)‐1a in fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). Little is known regarding whether the presence of anti‐HLA Class I may exert an additive effect on the risk and severity of FNAIT.Methods and MaterialsWe reanalyzed samples originally collected as part of a large Norwegian screening study on FNAIT during 1995‐2004. This study identified and managed 170 pregnancies where the mother was HPA‐1a negative and had detectable anti‐HPA‐1a during pregnancy. Maternal samples from 166 of these pregnancies were rescreened for anti‐HLA Class I, revealing 111 (67%) that were antibody positive. Various regression models were used to assess if and how maternal anti‐HLA Class I influenced the neonatal platelet count.Results and ConclusionsUnadjusted neonatal platelet counts and the frequency of neonatal thrombocytopenia was not significantly affected by the presence of anti‐HLA Class I alongside anti–HPA‐1a, but results from regression analyses revealed a possible increased risk when the mother was nulliparous. These results warrant further investigation.
Technological spillovers from multinational firms
Authors: Barge‐Gil Andrés , López Alberto , Núñez‐Sánchez Ramón 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to identify genuine technological spillovers from multinational firms (MNEs). To this end, we use data on R&D from MNEs to measure spillovers, while most of the existing literature uses output to measure the foreign presence in an industry (what we call output‐based spillovers). In line with the existing literature, we distinguish between horizontal spillovers (i.e., intra‐industry linkages) and vertical spillovers (i.e., backward—or downstream—and forward—or upstream—inter‐industry linkages). Our results show that the three types of technological spillovers from MNEs are positive, with the horizontal spillovers the larger ones, followed by backward spillovers. The effect of forward spillovers is much smaller in magnitude. Moreover, we find that not controlling for industry size (i.e., technological spillovers from all firms in an industry) leads to underestimating both horizontal and backward spillovers from MNEs, and to overestimating forward spillovers from MNEs. Finally, we find that the distinction between technological and output‐based spillovers is of great relevance. The size of backward technological spillovers is approximately 44% of the size of output‐based backward spillovers, while for horizontal spillovers both types of spillovers are quite similar. Importantly, output‐based forward spillovers are negative while technological forward spillovers are positive.
Review of kinematic analysis in dogs
Authors: Sandberg Gabriella S. , Torres Bryan T. , Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective gait analysis techniques aid investigators in the study of motion. Kinematic gait analysis techniques that objectively quantitate motion are valuable tools used to understand normal and abnormal motion in domestic animals. Recent advances in video technology have made the study of motion more readily accessible. Available systems can document gait in two or three dimensions (2D or 3D, respectively). Knowledge of fundamental gait analysis concepts is critical to generating meaningful data. The objective of this report is to review principles of kinematic data collection and analyses, with a focus on differences between 2D and 3D systems.
Pilot scale study on characterization and performance of aerobic granular sludge to treat domestic wastewater
Authors: Basri Hazlami Fikri , Nor Anuar Aznah , Ab Halim Mohd Hakim 
Published: July 2020

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a wastewater treatment technology that is known for having unique advantages such as great settling ability, high biomass level, good shock resistance, and able to withstand high organic loading rate (OLR) and toxic pollutants. Since studies on AGS development are mostly conducted in laboratory scale, the detailed knowledge regarding the pilot scale study is still limited especially for hot and humid tropical climate condition. Therefore, this study focused on the characteristics and performance of AGS cultivated in a pilot-scale bioreactor for hot and humid tropical climate condition, specifically in Malaysia. The formation of AGS as well as biomass concentration were also investigated during the treatment of real domestic wastewater. From the result, it was found that the highest average diameter of the cultivated mature granules was 3.36 mm with a biomass concentration of 12.48 g L−1 after 93 days of operation. The aerobic granular sludge also achieved promising removal rates of 89 %, 75 %, 96 %, and 93 % for COD, phosphate, ammoniacal nitrogen, and total inorganic nitrogen, respectively.
EVOC: un Instrumento para Evaluar Vocabulario en Español en Chile
Authors: Orellana-García Pelusa , Valenzuela-Hasenohr María Francisca , Kung Melody , Elmore Jeff , Stenner A. Jackson 
Published: July 2020

Este estudio describe la creación y validación de una prueba adaptativa y autoadministrada de vocabulario en español para estudiantes de kínder a octavo año básico.Usando un corpus de un millón de palabras,provenientes de textos escolares,se seleccionaron palabras de distinta frecuencia y dificultad. Se confeccionaron ítems siguiendo el formato del test PPVT que representa cada palabra mediante fotografías. Los distractores se originan aleatoriamente desde el mismo corpus. Se estableció la validez del constructo,concurrente y con consistencia interna. EVOC es un instrumento válido y confiable para evaluar vocabulario en español que permite adaptar las prácticas pedagógicas a las necesidades de los alumnos.
Teorías implícitas sobre escritura de estudiantes y formadores de pedagogía
Authors: Errázuriz-Cruz María Constanza 
Published: July 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar las teorías implícitas acerca de la escritura de estudiantes, formadores y profesores de Pedagogía. La metodología es cuantitativa e incluyó la participación de una muestra representativa de los estudiantes y docentes de Pedagogía de dos regiones chilenas (n=337), a quienes se aplicó un cuestionario validado sobre escritura. Por último, se comprobó que los estudiantes presentan teorías implícitas transmisionales y transaccionales simultáneamente y que las teorías de los sujetos de cuarto año no han evolucionado con respecto a aquellos de primero.Asimismo, se constató que los docentes presentan concepciones similares a las de los estudiantes.
An Experimental and Numerical Study of Added Mass and Damping for Side-by-Side Plates in Oscillating Flow
Authors: Solaas Frøydis , Mentzoni Fredrik , Abrahamsen-Prsic Mia , Kristiansen Trygve 
Published: July 2020

AbstractForced harmonic oscillations of nine configurations consisting of horizontal side-by-side plate elements are performed experimentally and numerically. The configurations are oscillated in vertical direction and represent generalized mudmats of subsea structures. The tests are performed for Keulegan–Carpenter (KC) numbers relevant for force estimation during lifting operations. Hydrodynamic added mass and damping coefficients are presented. The coefficients are found to be amplitude dependent for all tested configurations. The interaction effects between the plates increase with increasing amplitude and decreasing distance between the plates. For small oscillation amplitudes, compared with the gap between the plates, the plates behave approximately like individual plates. A study of the relation between the damping force and the added mass force for the tested structures illustrates the importance of applying representative damping coefficients in numerical analysis of marine operations. Numerical results are obtained using a potential flow solver (BEM) and a viscous flow solver (CFD). Low-KC added mass coefficients predicted with the BEM are in accordance with the experiments. There is acceptable agreement between the CFD and the experiments. Best agreement is obtained for small KC numbers. As the KC numbers increase, the differences are, in general, larger. This is possibly due to the CFD being based on the two-dimensional laminar flow.
Performance Evaluation and Characterization of a Direct Absorption Solar Humidifier for Humidification–Dehumidification Desalination
Authors: Dave Tapan , Krishnan Shankar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the present work, a solar humidifier suitable for solar thermal energy-driven humidification–dehumidification desalination has been proposed and experimentally investigated. The proposed solar humidifier compacts the solar heater and humidifier into a single component while reducing energy costs by utilizing solar thermal energy. Several local flow storage and distributor elements are created in the absorber surface that produces a “dam effect” in combination with stainless steel mesh and airflow baffles. The effect of varying flowrates of air and water, inlet water temperature as well as inlet relative humidity on the performance of the solar humidifier is investigated. Humidity based normalized gain (NGhumidity) versus solar humidifier efficiency curve, which depicts a heat and mass performance of the solar humidifier, is reported. This curve is analogous to the normalized gain versus collector efficiency curve of the solar water/air heater. The productivity of the present system is compared with the published results of similar studies. Best mean productivity of 838.5 g/m2/h and best instantaneous productivity of 955.2 g/m2/h were achieved using a present solar humidifier, showcasing the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The comparison of the performance of the solar humidifier with the performance of conventional configuration having separate heating and humidification is also carried out. It was found that the investigated solar humidifier (internal heating configuration) does perform the same in terms of utilization of solar energy for evaporation, if not better, than the conventional separate humidifier and heater (external heating configuration).
Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Energy Transfer Efficiency and Rock Damage in Percussive Drilling With Multiple-Button Bit
Authors: Song Hengyu , Shi Huaizhong , Li Gensheng , Ji Zhaosheng , Li Shuowen , Liu Caigeng , Li Xiaojing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Percussive drilling is suitable for the fragmentation of rocks and other similar materials with hard and brittle properties. Research on energy transfer efficiency is of great significance to improving the rock-breaking efficiency of percussive drilling. This paper numerically studied energy transfer efficiency and rock damage in percussive drilling with a multiple-button bit. In this study, the finite element method was used, and the concrete was selected as the research object. Moreover, the damage-plasticity model for concrete and the explicit dynamics solver in abaqus were adopted. Based on the above model, we analyzed the effects of different parameters on the energy transfer efficiency and the concrete damage. Results show that the degree of concrete damage is positively correlated with the output energy, referring to the energy actually absorbed by the concrete, of the percussive system. Under the condition of the same input energy, the energy transfer efficiency decreases as the number of buttons increases. With the increase of impact velocity of the impact hammer, the energy transfer efficiency augments. Multiple repeated impacts will cause the repeated damaging of the concrete, which reduces the energy transfer efficiency.