bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Concentrations of Select Inflammatory Cytokines Predicts Pain Intensity 48 Hours Post-Shoulder Muscle Injury
Authors: Hedderson William C. , Borsa Paul A. , Fillingim Roger B. , Coombes Stephen A. , Hass Chris J. , George Steven Z. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
The relationship between elevated inflammatory cytokine levels and peak pain intensity following acute musculoskeletal injury has not been fully elucidated in high risk subgroups. Identifying the role that these cytokines have on pain responses may help with developing tailored therapeutic approaches.

Methods:
Data were collected from 54 participants who were vulnerable to a robust pain response and delayed recovery following musculoskeletal injury. Participants completed baseline active and resting pain measurements and a blood draw before an exercised induced shoulder muscle injury. Participants returned at 24 and 48 hours postinjury for follow-up pain measurements and blood draws. Blood plasma was analyzed for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α. Pearson bivariate correlations were performed between cytokines and pain measurements to identify candidate variables for stepwise multiple linear regression predicting pain intensity reports.

Results:
Pearson bivariate correlation identified 13/45 correlations between inflammatory cytokines and resting pain intensity and 9/45 between inflammatory cytokines and active pain (P<0.05, r≥0.3 or r≤−0.3). This led to 5 stepwise multiple linear regression models, of which 4 met the statistical criterion (P<0.0167); including IL-10 baseline plasma concentrations predicting active pain (r
2=0.19) and resting pain (r
2=0.15) intensity 48 hours postinjury. IL-6 and IL-10 plasma concentrations at 48 hours were respectively associated with active and resting pain at 48 hours.

Discussion:
These findings suggest that elevated concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, specifically IL-10 (at baseline and 48 h) and IL-6 (at 48 h), may play a role in heightened pain responses following exercise-induced muscle injury.
Risk Factors for Delayed Extubation Following High Posterior Cervical and Occipital Fusion
Authors: Buhl Lauren K. , Mueller Ariel L. , Boone M. Dustin , Nozari Ala 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Much has been written on initial airway management in patients undergoing cervical spine procedures, but comparatively less is known about extubation criteria. High cervical and occipital fusion procedures pose a particular risk for extubation given the potential for a reduced range of motion at the occiput-C1 and C1-C2 joints should reintubation be necessary.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of posterior high cervical and occipital fusion cases to identify factors related to delayed extubation and postoperative airway and pulmonary complications. Using a convenience sample of all cases operated between January 2009 and April 2018, we reviewed anesthesia records and discharge summaries to compare patient characteristics, airway management, surgical factors, and postoperative complications between patients who underwent delayed extubation and those who did not.

Results:
A total of 135 patients met our inclusion criteria. Overall, 92 (68.1%) patients were extubated in the operating room (OR), and 43 (31.9%) underwent delayed extubation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age, procedure length, C2 as the highest level fused, and percentage colloid administered as predictors of delayed extubation. We did not find a difference in the rate of postoperative pulmonary complications between groups (6/92 [6.5%] for OR extubation; 2/43 [4.7%] for delayed extubation). Two patients had serious airway complications, and both were extubated in the OR (2/92, 2.2%).

Conclusions:
The decision to extubate immediately postoperatively after high cervical and occipital fusion should be considered carefully as the morbidity associated with airway obstruction can be severe in this population, while negative effects of delayed extubation were not evident in our analysis.
Tracking clinical resources for coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Duron Garret , Gelman Lauren , Dua Anisha , Putman Michael 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
Assimilating and disseminating information during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been challenging. The purpose of this review is to identify specific threats to the validity of the COVID-19 literature and to recommend resources for practicing rheumatologists and their patients.

Recent findings
The COVID-19 literature has rapidly expanded and includes 17 998 publications through May of 2020, 1543 of which also address rheumatic disease-related topics. Specific obstacles to acquiring high-quality information have arisen, including ‘pandemic research exceptionalism’ and a ‘parallel pandemic’ of misinformation. Unique challenges to rheumatologists include specific interest in antirheumatic disease therapies and a paucity of rheumatology-specific information. Patients with rheumatic diseases have faced shortages of critical medications and a lack of information tailored to their health conditions and medications.

Summary
We recommend rheumatologists develop a system to acquire high-quality information and offer guiding principles for triaging specific resources, which include relevance, accessibility, credibility, timeliness, and trustworthiness. The same principles can be applied to selecting patient oriented resources. Specific trustworthy resources are recommended.
CircHECTD1 up-regulates mucin 1 expression to accelerate hepatocellular carcinoma development by targeting microRNA-485-5p via a competing endogenous RNA mechanism
Authors: Jiang Qiao-Li , Feng Shu-Jiong , Yang Zhu-Ying , Xu Qi , Wang Shuang-Zhu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Non-coding RNAs have attracted considerable attention for their vital role in cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of non-coding RNAs on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and reveal their regulatory mechanism in the pathophysiological process.

Methods:
We measured the expression of mucin 1 (MUC1) and miR-485-5p in tissues from 15 HCC patients and in liver cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, screened for aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) by miRNA microarrays. Bioinformatics tools were used to find the miRNA and circular RNA that regulated MUC1, which were validated by RNA immunoprecipitation assay and luciferase reporter assay. Cell counting kit-8, Transwell assays, and flow cytometry were used to conduct functional experiments. Proteins were examined by western blot and immunohistochemical staining assays. Significant differences between groups were estimated using the one-way analysis of variance. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
MUC1 was overexpressed in HCC tissues compared with that in paratumor tissues (normal vs. tumor, 1.007 ± 0.215 vs. 75.213 ± 18.403, t = 18.401, P < 0.001) while miR-485-5p was down-regulated (normal vs. tumor, 4.894 ± 0.684 vs. 1.586 ± 0.398, t = 16.191, P < 0.001). Inhibition of miR-485-5p promoted cell proliferation (73.33% ± 5.13% vs. 41.33% ± 3.51%, t = 8.913, P < 0.001), migration (102 ± 8 cells vs. 46 ± 8 cells, t = 8.681, P < 0.001), invasion (59 ± 7 cells vs. 28 ± 2 cells, t = 8.034, P < 0.01), and suppressed apoptosis (22.64% ± 6.97% vs. 36.33% ± 3.96%, t = 2.958, P < 0.05) of HepG2 cells with which MUC1 is knocked down. Mechanically, miR-485-5p binds to MUC1, while circHECTD1 binds to miR-485-5p, resulting in the indirect up-regulation of the MUC1 level.

Conclusions:
Our findings reveal that circHECTD1 facilitates HCC progression by sponging miR-485-5p to up-regulate MUC1.
Senolytic Agent Navitoclax Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Heart Failure in Mice
Authors: Jia Kangni , Dai Yang , Liu Ao , Li Xiang , Wu Liqun , Lu Lin , Bao Yangyang , Jin Qi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
Navitoclax, which is a type of senolytic drug, selectively eliminates senescent cells. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of navitoclax in treatment of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced heart failure in mice. Navitoclax or vehicle was administrated in mice with Ang II-induced heart failure. Cardiac function and electrophysiology were assessed before and after administration of navitoclax. Cardiac remodeling, including morphological changes, fibrosis, and inflammatory responses, was analyzed in myocardial tissue. Cellular effects of navitoclax were validated in isolated primary cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. Echocardiography of mice showed that navitoclax improved cardiac dysfunction by improving the left ventricular ejection fraction (vehicle: 45.88 ± 2.19%; navitoclax: 54.70 ± 1.65%, P < 0.01). In cardiac electrophysiological testing, navitoclax increased conduction velocity (vehicle: 1.37 ± 0.05 mm/ms; navitoclax: 1.69 ± 0.08 mm/ms, P < 0.05) and decreased susceptibility to ventricular tachyarrhythmia induced by programmed electrical stimulation. Histopathological staining, immunofluorescence, and western blotting examinations showed that navitoclax ameliorated Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and the inflammatory response. Moreover, navitoclax eliminated senescent cells by inducing apoptosis. Therefore, navitoclax improved cardiac function and electrophysiological characteristics through decreasing cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and inflammation in mice with heart failure. Pharmacological clearance of senescent cells may be a potential therapeutic approach in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Sulfur Dioxide: An Endogenous Protector Against Myocardial Injury
Authors: Zhou Dan , Zhang Yong , Du Junbao , Jin Hongfang , Tang Chaoshu , Huang Yaqian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:Sulfur dioxide (SO2) was previously known as a harmful gas in air pollution. Recently, it was reported that SO2can be endogenously generated in cardiovascular tissues. Many studies have revealed that endogenous SO2has important physiological and pathophysiological significance and pharmacological potential. As a novel gasotransmitter, SO2has important regulatory effects on the heart. It has a dose-dependent negative inotropic effect on cardiac function, in which L-type calcium channels are involved. SO2can also attenuate myocardial injury caused by various harmful stimuli and play an important role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocardial hypertrophy. These effects are thought to be linked to its ability to reduce inflammation and as an antioxidant. In addition, SO2regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore, endogenous SO2plays an important role in maintaining cardiovascular system homeostasis. In the present review, the literature concerning the metabolism of endogenous SO2, its cardiac toxicological effects and physiological regulatory effects, mechanisms for SO2-mediated myocardial protection and its pharmacological applications are summarized and discussed.
Hydroxychloroquine and antiphospholipid antibody-related pregnancy morbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Frishman Margreta , Radin Massimo , Schreiber Karen 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
Pregnancies in women with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are associated with several pregnancy complications. The current treatment to prevent obstetric aPL-mediated morbidity is largely based on low-dose aspirin (LDA) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Alternative treatment regimens to prevent obstetric aPL-related morbidity include the addition of the antimalarial hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). The aim of this systematic review is to identify the currently available evidence on the efficacy of HCQ to prevent aPL-related obstetric morbidity.

Recent findings
We identified four retrospective observational studies. No definite signal of harm was identified as none of the studies reported adverse outcomes. When comparing a total of 214 aPL-positive women with a total of 250 HCQ-exposed aPL-positive pregnancies and 521 pregnancies not exposed to HCQ, we found that HCQ exposure was not associated with an increased rate of live births [pooled OR 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62--2.86]). There was considerable heterogeneity in the analysis (I
2 = 59%).

Summary
HCQ seems well tolerated in pregnancy. However, because of the heterogeneity of available studies, the questions whether women with aPL (or some subpopulation of those) might benefit from this agent during pregnancy remains unanswered. Randomized controlled data are needed.
Progress Towards Parity: Female Representation in the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Azad Amee D. , Rosenblatt Tatiana R. , Chandramohan Arthika , Fountain Tamara R. , Kossler Andrea L. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To report female representation within the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS) at all levels of career achievement over 50 years.

Methods:
Data were extrapolated from published ASOPRS directories and the 50th anniversary booklet. Fellowship, membership, leadership, and awards data were evaluated over 5 decades. Comparisons were made between the first and second 25 years, proportions of early and late career achievements, and time to career progression between males and females.

Results:
During the first decade, 5.6% of ASOPRS fellows were female (n = 2), which rose to 6.6% (n = 8), 17.6% (n = 32), 22.4% (n = 35), and 39.4% (n = 97) in the second, third, fourth, and fifth decades, respectively. These patterns were echoed in ASOPRS membership. When comparing the first half (1969–1994) to the second half (1995–2018), fellowship (10.5% vs. 30.0%, p < 0.001), membership (8.0% vs. 30.3%, p < 0.001), early career awards (5.6% vs. 28.9%, p = 0.047), program directorship (0.0% vs. 15.7%, p = 0.017), and executive committee female representation (4.5% vs. 16.8%, p < 0.001) increased significantly. However, females were proportionally underrepresented as program directors (p = 0.003), late career award winners (p = 0.001), executive committee members (p < 0.001), and presidents (p = 0.020). Among those reaching leadership positions, females took longer than males to become program directors by a median of 4 years (p = 0.025).

Conclusions:
There has been a steady increase in female representation in ASOPRS fellowship training and membership. While significant progress has been made, growth in female leadership and award recognition is still needed.
The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises
Authors: Raja Srinivasa N. , Carr Daniel B. , Cohen Milton , Finnerup Nanna B. , Flor Herta , Gibson Stephen , Keefe Francis J. , Mogil Jeffrey S. , Ringkamp Matthias , Sluka Kathleen A. , Song Xue-Jun , Stevens Bonnie , Sullivan Mark D. , Tutelman Perri R. , Ushida Takahiro , Vader Kyle 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The current International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) definition of pain as “An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage” was recommended by the Subcommittee on Taxonomy and adopted by the IASP Council in 1979. This definition has become accepted widely by health care professionals and researchers in the pain field and adopted by several professional, governmental, and nongovernmental organizations, including the World Health Organization. In recent years, some in the field have reasoned that advances in our understanding of pain warrant a reevaluation of the definition and have proposed modifications. Therefore, in 2018, the IASP formed a 14-member, multinational Presidential Task Force comprising individuals with broad expertise in clinical and basic science related to pain, to evaluate the current definition and accompanying note and recommend whether they should be retained or changed. This review provides a synopsis of the critical concepts, the analysis of comments from the IASP membership and public, and the committee's final recommendations for revisions to the definition and notes, which were discussed over a 2-year period. The task force ultimately recommended that the definition of pain be revised to “An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage,” and that the accompanying notes be updated to a bulleted list that included the etymology. The revised definition and notes were unanimously accepted by the IASP Council early this year.
Navigator Role for Promoting Adaptive Sports and Recreation Participation in Individuals With Disabilities
Authors: Iverson Moriah , Ng Alexander V. , Yan Alice F. , Zvara Kim , Bonk Michael , Falk-Palec Deb , Sylla Cherri , Strickland Maurine , Preston Rachel , Braza Diane W. 
Published: July 2020

Objective
The aims of the study were to gain a better understanding of the resources, barriers, and facilitators of participation in adaptive sport and recreational activities as a means of achieving physical activity recommendations in individuals with disability and to understand preferences for a patient navigator service to help mitigate the barriers.

Design
Clinical, academic, and community stakeholders applied a community-engaged research approach to develop online surveys and focus group questions for adults with a disability or parents of a child with a disability to meet study objectives.

Results
One hundred ninety-eight adults and 146 parents completed the online surveys. Sixteen adults and 18 parents took part in focus groups. Many participants lacked knowledge of available adaptive sport and recreational resources; other barriers were expense, limited number of trained volunteers, and need for instruction. Conversely, persons were facilitated by community, socialization, and words of encouragement/motivation. Participants strongly preferred a patient navigator to be a person active in adaptive sport and recreational or an informative resource-filled website.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that physical activity programs including adaptive sport and recreational should be designed to offer people with disabilities opportunities to build social networks and strengthen social support. A patient navigator service could help increase participation in adaptive sport and recreational and physical activity within a community context.
Mendelian Randomization analysis of the causal impact of body mass index and waist-hip ratio on rates of hospital admission
Authors: Hazewinkel Audinga-Dea , Richmond Rebecca C. , Wade Kaitlin H. , Dixon Padraig 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe analyze how measures of adiposity – body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) – causally influence rates of hospital admission. Conventional analyses of this relationship are susceptible to omitted variable bias from variables that jointly influence both hospital admission and adipose status. We implement a novel quasi-Poisson instrumental variable modelsin a Mendelian Randomization framework, identifying causal effects from random perturbations to germline genetic variation. We estimate the individual and joint effects of BMI, WHR, and WHR adjusted for BMI. We also implement multivariable instrumental variable methods in which the causal effect of one exposure is estimated conditionally on the causal effect of another exposure. Data on 310,471 participants and over 550,000 inpatient admissions in the UK Biobank were used to perform one-sample and two-sample Mendelian Randomization analyses. The results supported a causal role of adiposity on hospital admissions, with consistency across all estimates and sensitivity analyses. Point estimates were generally larger than estimates from comparable observational specifications. We observe an attenuation of the BMI effect when adjusting for WHR in the multivariable Mendelian Randomization analyses, suggesting that an adverse fat distribution, rather than a higher BMI itself, may drive the relationship between adiposity and risk of hospital admission.
A sensitive and affordable multiplex RT-qPCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection
Authors: Reijns Martin A.M. , Thompson Louise , Acosta Juan Carlos , Black Holly A. , Sanchez-Luque Francisco J. , Diamond Austin , Parry David A. , Daniels Alison , O’Shea Marie , Uggenti Carolina , Sanchez Maria C. , O’Callaghan Alan , McNab Michelle L.L. , Adamowicz Martyna , Friman Elias T. , Hurd Toby , Jarman Edward J. , Mow Chee Frederic Li , Rainger Jacqueline K. , Walker Marion , Drake Camilla , Longman Dasa , Mordstein Christine , Warlow Sophie J. , McKay Stewart , Slater Louise , Ansari Morad , Tomlinson Ian P.M. , Moore David , Wilkinson Nadine , Shepherd Jill , Templeton Kate , Johannessen Ingolfur , Tait-Burkard Christine , Haas Jürgen G. , Gilbert Nick , Adams Ian R. , Jackson Andrew P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, there is need for sensitive, specific and affordable diagnostic tests to identify infected individuals, not all of whom are symptomatic. The most sensitive test involves the detection of viral RNA using RT-qPCR, with many commercial kits now available for this purpose. However, these are expensive and supply of such kits in sufficient numbers cannot always be guaranteed. We therefore developed a multiplex assay using well-established SARS-CoV-2 targets alongside a human cellular control (RPP30) and a viral spike-in control (PhHV-1), which monitor sample quality and nucleic acid extraction efficiency respectively. Here, we establish that this test performs as well as widely used commercial assays, but at substantially reduced cost. Furthermore, we demonstrate >1,000-fold variability in material routinely collected by nose-and-throat swabbing, and establish a statistically significant correlation between the detected level of human and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids. The inclusion of the human control probe in our assay therefore provides a quantitative measure of sample quality that could help reduce false negative rates. We demonstrate feasibility of establishing a robust RT-qPCR assay at ∼10% of the cost of equivalent commercial assays, which could benefit low resource environments and make high volume testing more affordable.
Plasticenta: Microplastics in Human Placenta
Authors: Ragusa Antonio , Svelato Alessandro , Santacroce Criselda , Catalano Piera , Notarstefano Valentina , Carnevali Oliana , Papa Fabrizio , Rongioletti Mauro Ciro Antonio , Baiocco Federico , Draghi Simonetta , D’Amore Elisabetta , Rinaldo Denise , Matta Maria , Giorgini Elisabetta 
Published: July 2020

Summary paragraphMicroplastics are particles smaller than five millimetres obtained from the degradation of plastic objects abandoned in the environment. Microplastics can move from the environment to living organisms and, in fact, they have been found in fishes and mammals.Six human placentas, prospectively collected from consenting women with uneventful pregnancies, were analyzed by Raman Microspectroscopy to evaluate the presence of microparticles. Detected microparticles were characterized in terms of morphology and chemical composition.12 microparticles, ranging from 5 to 10 μm in size, were found in 4 out of 6 placentas: 5 in the foetal side, 4 in the maternal side and 3 in the chorioamniotic membranes. All the analyzed microparticles were pigmented: three of them were identified as stained polypropylene, while for the other nine it was possible to identify only the pigments, which are all used for man-made coatings, paints and dyes.Here we show, for the first time, the presence of microparticles and microplastics in human placenta. This sheds new light on the impact of plastic on human health. Microparticles and microplastics in the placenta, together with the endocrine disruptors transported by them, could have long-term effects on human health.