bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Centromere organization and UU/V sex chromosome behavior in a liverwort
Authors: Sousa Aretuza , Schubert Veit , Renner Susanne S. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryIn 1917, sex chromosomes in plants were discovered in a liverwort with hetermorphic U and V chromosomes. Such heteromorphy is unexpected because, unlike the XY chromosomes in diploid‐dominant plants, in haploid‐dominant plants the female U and the male V chromosomes experience largely symmetrical potential recombination environments. Here we use molecular cytogenetics and super‐resolution microscopy to study Frullania dilatata, a liverwort with one male and two female sex chromosomes. We applied a pipeline to Illumina sequences to detect abundant types of repetitive DNA and developed FISH probes to microscopically distinguish the sex chromosomes. We also determined the phenotypic population sex ratio because biased ratios have been reported from other liverworts with heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Populations had male‐biased sex ratios. The sex chromosomes are monocentric, and of 14 probes studied (eight satellites, five transposable elements and one plastid region), four resulted in unique signals that differentiated the sex chromosomes from the autosomes and from each other. One FISH probe selectively marked the centromeres of both U chromosomes, so we could prove that during meiosis each U chromosome associates with one of the opposite telomeres of the V chromosome, resulting in a head‐to‐head trivalent. The similarity of the two U chromosomes to each other in size and in their centromere FISH signal positions points to their origin via a non‐disjunction event (aneuploidy), which would fit with the general picture of sex chromosomes rarely crossing‐over and being prone to suffer from non‐disjunction.
The Influence of Hard Hat Design Features on Head Acceleration Attenuation
Authors: Dos Santos Arthur Alves , Sorce James , Schonning Alexandra , Bevill Grant 
Published: December 2020

This study evaluated the performance of 6 commercially available hard hat designs—differentiated by shell design, number of suspension points, and suspension tightening system—in regard to their ability to attenuate accelerations during vertical impacts to the head. Tests were conducted with impactor materials of steel, wood, and lead shot (resembling commonly seen materials in a construction site), weighing 1.8 and 3.6 kg and dropped from 1.83 m onto a Hybrid III head/neck assembly. All hard hats appreciably reduced head acceleration to the unprotected condition. However, neither the addition of extra suspension points nor variations in suspension tightening mechanism appreciably influenced performance. Therefore, these results indicate that additional features available in current hard hat designs do not improve protective capacity as related to head acceleration metrics.
Correlation between acupuncture dose and effectiveness in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Sun Ning , Tu Jian Feng , Lin Lu Lu , Li Yong Ting , Yang Jing Weng , Shi Guang Xia , Lao Li Xing , Liu Cun Zhi 
Published: December 2020

Background: Acupuncture is a widely used treatment for knee osteoarthritis, but evidence of its effectiveness from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is contradictory. Objective: To systematically review RCTs to determine whether the effect of acupuncture is dose dependent for symptom management in knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Seven English/Chinese databases were searched through January 2017. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Slavin’s qualitative best-evidence synthesis approach was used to provide methodological rigour. Included RCTs were separated into three categories according to the dose of acupuncture treatment: high dosage (HD), medium dosage (MD) and low dosage (LD). Correlation between dose and effect of treatment was analysed. Results: Eight RCTs with a total of 2106 subjects met the eligibility criteria. Numbers of studies using the various doses of acupuncture were 1 for LD, 1 for MD and 6 for HD, respectively. Compared with LD and MD acupuncture treatments, strong evidence showed that there was a positive correlation between HD acupuncture treatment and positive outcomes. Conclusion: The effect of acupuncture may be associated with dose of acupuncture, with a higher dosage related to better treatment outcomes in terms of relief of pain and dysfunction in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Cervical surgery rate in neck pain patients with and without acupuncture treatment: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Han Dong-geun , Koh Wonil , Shin Joon-Shik , Lee Jinho , Lee Yoon Jae , Kim Me-riong , Kang Kyungwon , Shin Byung-Cheul , Cho Jae-Heung , Kim Nam-Kwen , Ha In-Hyuk 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Surgical treatment of neck pain often entails high costs and adverse events. The present cohort study investigated whether utilisation of acupuncture in neck pain patients is associated with a reduced rate of cervical surgery. Methods: The Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) database was retrospectively analysed to identify the 2 year incidence of cervical surgery in Korean patients suffering neck pain from 2004 to 2010. The incidence was calculated and compared between patients receiving and not receiving acupuncture treatment using Cox proportional hazards models. Cumulative survival rates were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: The acupuncture and control groups included 50 171 and 128 556 neck pain patients, respectively. A total of 50 161 patients were selected in each group following propensity score matching with regard to sex, age, income and Charlson comorbidity index. The hazard ratio (HR) for surgery within 2 years was significantly lower in the acupuncture group compared with the control group (HR 0.397, 95% CI 0.299 to 0.527). In addition, subgroup analyses according to gender, age and income revealed consistent results for both men (HR 0.337, 95% CI 0.234 to 0.485) and women (HR 0.529, 95% CI 0.334 to 0.836); the results were consistently observed across all age and income strata. Sensitivity analysis with varying numbers of acupuncture treatments and treatment course duration also consistently indicated lower HRs for surgery within 2 years in the acupuncture group compared with the control group. Conclusions: A significantly lower HR for cervical surgery was observed in neck pain patients following acupuncture treatment. Acupuncture treatment may therefore be an effective method for managing neck pain, and has the potential to mitigate unnecessary surgery. These findings need to be confirmed by prospective studies.
Haematological cancer versus solid tumour end-of-life care: a longitudinal data analysis
Authors: Yang So-Young , Park Sun-Kyeong , Kang Hye-Rim , Kim Hye-Lin , Lee Eui-Kyung , Kwon Sun-Hong 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo explore differences in end-of-life healthcare utilisation and medication costs between patients with haematological malignancies and patients with solid tumours.MethodsData on deceased patients with cancer were selected from the sample cohort data of health insurance claims from 2008 to 2015 in South Korea. They were categorised into two groups: patients with haematological malignancies and patients with solid tumours. Longitudinal data comprised the patient-month unit and aggregated healthcare utilisation and medication cost for 1 year before death. Healthcare utilisation included emergency room visits, hospitalisation and blood transfusions. Medication costs were subdivided into anticancer drugs, antibiotics, opioids, sedatives and blood preparation. Generalised linear mixed models were used to evaluate differences between the two groups and time trends.ResultsOf the 8719 deceased patients with cancer, 349 died from haematological malignancies. Compared with solid tumours, patients with haematological malignancies were more likely to visit the emergency room (OR=1.36, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.69) and receive blood transfusions (OR=5.44, 95% CI 4.29 to 6.90). The length of hospitalisation of patients was significantly different (difference=2.49 days, 95% CI 1.75 to 3.22). Medication costs, except for anticancer treatment, increased as death approached. The costs of antibiotics and blood preparations were higher in patients with haematological malignancies than in those with solid tumours: 3.24 (95% CI 2.14 to 4.90) and 4.10 (95% CI 2.77 to 6.09) times higher, respectively.ConclusionsPatients with haematological malignancies are at a higher risk for aggressive care and economic burden at the end of life compared with those with solid tumours. Detailed attention is required when developing care plans for end-of-life care of haematological patients.
Impact of entrepreneurship training on clinician engagement in innovation creation: an evaluation of the Johns Hopkins Hexcite programme
Authors: Archer Adler , Mcneil Jasmine , Johnson Teresa , Ferlie Ewan , Nagy Paul 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundAcademic health science centres are an ideal location to translate innovative discoveries into clinical practice. However, increased cost, decreased time and encroaching technology are few of the challenges that academic clinicians face in an increasingly digitised healthcare industry. Academic health science centres have begun creating training to involve clinicians in developing and deploying innovative solutions. Few of these programmes engage clinicians in interactive and interdisciplinary activities.ApproachHexcite is a 16-week entrepreneurship training programme at Johns Hopkins. During the programme, clinicians with innovative clinical software ideas learn how to launch start-ups. Clinicians accepted into the programme team up with a business expert, design expert and technical expert. Teams participate in 15 expert-led interactive 3-hour workshops, interview potential customers, regularly pitch their ideas to industry experts and iteratively refine their products.MethodsThis report examined anonymous participant feedback, quantitative data from team productivity reports, and interview responses between 2015 and 2019. Outcomes were assessed using the Kirkpatrick Model.Results and conclusionMany clinicians reported improved understanding of team building, design thinking and marketing communications as well as increased involvement in innovation. Many teams received funding after Hexcite. Outcomes from previous cohorts will guide more robust evaluation measures for future cohorts.
The naturalness in the BLMSSM and B-LSSM
Authors: Dong Xing-Xing , Feng Tai-Fu , Zhao Shu-Min , Zhang Hai-Bin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn order to interpret the Higgs boson mass and its decays naturally, we hope to examine the BLMSSM and B-LSSM. In the both models, the right-handed neutrino superfields are introduced to better explain the neutrino mass problems. In this paper, we introduce the fine-tuning to acquire the physical Higgs boson mass. Besides, the method of$$\chi ^2$$χ2analyses will be adopted in the BLMSSM and B-LSSM to fit the experimental data. Therefore, we can obtain the reasonable theoretical values of the Higgs decays and muon$$g-2$$g-2that are in accordance with the experimental results respectively in the BLMSSM and B-LSSM.
Vacua and exact solutions in lower-D limits of EGB
Authors: Ma Liang , Lü H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe consider the action principles that are the lower dimensional limits of the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity via the Kaluza–Klein route. We study the vacua and obtain some exact solutions. We find that the reality condition of the theories may select one vacuum over the other from the two vacua that typically arise in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity. We obtain exact black hole and cosmological solutions carrying scalar hair, including scalar hairy BTZ black holes with both mass and angular momentum turned on. We also discuss the holographic central charges in the asymptotic AdS backgrounds.
Lw-CNN-Based Myoelectric Signal Recognition and Real-Time Control of Robotic Arm for Upper-Limb Rehabilitation
Authors: Guo Benzhen , Ma Yanli , Yang Jingjing , Wang Zhihui , Zhang Xiao 
Published: December 2020

Deep-learning models can realize the feature extraction and advanced abstraction of raw myoelectric signals without necessitating manual selection. Raw surface myoelectric signals are processed with a deep model in this study to investigate the feasibility of recognizing upper-limb motion intents and real-time control of auxiliary equipment for upper-limb rehabilitation training. Surface myoelectric signals are collected on six motions of eight subjects’ upper limbs. A light-weight convolutional neural network (Lw-CNN) and support vector machine (SVM) model are designed for myoelectric signal pattern recognition. The offline and online performance of the two models are then compared. The average accuracy is (90 ± 5)% for the Lw-CNN and (82.5 ± 3.5)% for the SVM in offline testing of all subjects, which prevails over (84 ± 6)% for the online Lw-CNN and (79 ± 4)% for SVM. The robotic arm control accuracy is (88.5 ± 5.5)%. Significance analysis shows no significant correlation (

p

= 0.056) among real-time control, offline testing, and online testing. The Lw-CNN model performs well in the recognition of upper-limb motion intents and can realize real-time control of a commercial robotic arm.
Treatment With Cardiovascular Medications: Prognosis in Patients With Myocardial Injury
Authors: Kadesjö Erik , Roos Andreas , Siddiqui Anwar J. , Sartipy Ulrik , Holzmann Martin J. 
Published: December 2020

Background
There is no clinical guidance on treatment in patients with non‐ischemic myocardial injury and type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI).

Methods and Results
In a cohort of 22 589 patients in the emergency department at Karolinska University Hospital in Sweden during 2011 to 2014 we identified 3853 patients who were categorized into either type 1 myocardial infarction, T2MI, non‐ischemic acute and chronic myocardial injury. Data from all dispensed prescriptions within 180 days of the visit to the emergency department were obtained concerning β‐blockers, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, statins, and platelet inhibitors. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CI for all‐cause mortality in relationship to the number of medications (categorized into 0–1 [referent], 2–3 and 4 medications) in the groups of myocardial injury. In patients with T2MI, treatment with 2 to 3 and 4 medications was associated with a 50% and 56% lower mortality, respectively (adjusted HR [95% CI], 0.50 [0.25–1.01], and 0.43 [0.19–0.96]), while corresponding associations in patients with acute myocardial injury were 24% and 29%, respectively (adjusted HR [95% CI], 0.76 [0.59–0.99] and 0.71 [0.5–1.02]), and in patients with chronic myocardial injury 27% and 37%, respectively (adjusted HR [95% CI], 0.73 [0.58–0.92] and 0.63 [0.46–0.87]).

Conclusions
Patients with T2MI and non‐ischemic acute or chronic myocardial injury are infrequently prescribed common cardiovascular medications compared with patients with type 1 myocardial infarction. However, treatment with guideline recommended drugs in patients with T2MI and acute or chronic myocardial injury is associated with a lower risk of death after adjustment for confounders.
Clergy in Politics: The Opportunistic Engagement of Faith-Based Organisations in Malawi’s Politics
Authors: Chunga Joseph J. , Tostensen Arne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Malawi is a profoundly religious society and faith-based organisations (FBO s) play a significant role in politics, addressing social concerns and governance. This article investigates their role in Malawi’s political realm when engaging with the state and argues that the FBO s are opportunistic in their engagement. They seize upon opportunities for exerting influence when political and social issues dictate that action be taken in accordance with religious tenets of social responsibility, in tandem with fluctuating levels of political tension. Typical high points of tension are elections, but other controversial issues may also feature prominently. FBO s consider suitable entry points and tools of advocacy at their disposal within existing opportunity structures. As organised religion, we find that faith communities have engaged and continue to engage with the political establishment through various means, predominantly by issuing pastoral letters and statements.
Hexensalben und Liebestränke
Authors: Müller Jürgen 
Published: December 2020

The nightshades (solanaceae) were used as intoxicants since the ancient civilisations and are still in use today. Their alkaloids, atropine and scopolamine, were the major active substances of the ointments of witches, of medieval "anaesthetics", and of modern poisons for murder. In a medium dose-range the predominant symptoms are hallucinations and illusions. This explains the use of nightshades in fortune-telling and religious rituals. In higher doses the alkaloids produce coma and apnea. Scopolamine enjoyed a particular popularity as a poison for murder. In the 19"" century the nightshade alkaloids were also in clinical use.
This article focusses on the medical history of the psychosis due to intoxication with solanaceae.
Naturschutz und Naturgeschichte um 1900. Der Beitrag der Basler Vettern Sarasin
Authors: Simon Christian 
Published: December 2020

Conservation and Natural History around 1900: The Contribution of the Sarasin Cousins.
Some basic concepts for the creation of the Swiss National Park were derived from observations made in Sri Lanka, Indonesia and New Cale donia. European researchers feared that the study of «virgin nature» would no longer be possible, as various species would soon become extinct under the combined influences of colonial practices and profit-oriented capitalism. While the motives for protecting nature originated from experiences made in the southern hemisphere, their scientific concept of conservation was based on European natural history and the related theories of evolution. In the light of this approach, endangered zoological and botanical species as well as «primitive» varieties of man were appreciated as «documents» to be preserved within their original environment for future scientific reference and research. Museum collections and reservations (parks) were two types of repositories connected to each other by the same objective.
Von der Geomorphologie des Aargau zu den militärischen Pathologien Europas. Das Militär als Schnittpunkt anthropologischer Krisendiskurse, 1860–1900
Authors: Hartmann Heinrich 
Published: December 2020

Military statistics and medical research were closely related over the 19th century. The army not only made use of these new forms of knowledge, but also provided an important institutional setting through the military medicine, which was of crucial importance to medical research in the 19th century. Besides that, Swiss military also played a crucial role in new geographical and geological research, resulting in a series of new mapping projects.
This article looks on the ways, in which military context gained influence on scientific research practices in the second half of the 19th century, by analyzing the case of Heinrich Bircher’s work on military recruiting statistics and the endemic goiter. New mapping projects and statistical practices were linked, transforming big parts of the country into pathological spaces. Coming from this point, the article discusses in how far the military context lead to politicizing medical discourses and, furthermore, linked them to discourses of an anthropological crisis, common in many European countries.
Outside the Family of Nations: First Thoughts on Writing a History of Public Health from the Perspective of Outlier Nations
Authors: Solomon Susan Gross , Murard Lion 
Published: December 2020

Notwithstanding the current declarations by spokesmen for and proponents of global health, there remain “outlier” countries: countries unwilling to accede to monitoring or surveillance (e.g. China and avian flu; China and SARS); countries lacking the infrastructural and professional capacity to join cooperative global programs to fight epidemics; countries/regions that have populations with divergent approaches to health goals and practices.
What, if any, are the historical precedents of the idea of “outliers”? The paper will argue that in the three decades between 1920 and 1950, internationally-minded statesmen, working in philanthropies with transnational “reach” or in international health agencies, operated with two additional categories of outliers.
First, countries with political systems judged “inimical” to democracy (e.g. Soviet Russia, post-war Germany). International public health statesmen often engaged such countries by hiving off (at least notionally) the political system from public health. What was the cost to the understanding of public health of the hiving off of the political? At other times, international health spokesmen explicitly linked transnational cooperation/assistance they offered to a program of democratization. To what extent was that linkage accepted by leading health voices in the target countries?
Second, there were countries whose health “civilizations” had not yet progressed fully beyond nineteenth century public hygiene. Including these countries in international health programs involved nothing less than pushing out the frontiers of civilization. In dealing with these countries, health statesmen operated with the initial assumption that capacity and orientation to social medicine could be shaped from the outside. Extended experience on the ground (site visits, field work, cooperative programs) convinced those statesmen of the value of local (and regional) approaches and of the possibility of combining those approaches with international ways of conceptualizing public health. What factors shaped the inclusion/exclusion of countries from the category of “civilized” nations?
Les dynamiques d’une célébrité transnationale: Théodore Tronchin et l’inoculation de l’Infant Ferdinand de Parme en 1764
Authors: Lorandi Giacomo 
Published: December 2020

The dynamics of a transnational celebrity: Théodore Tronchin and the inoculation of the Infant Ferdinand of Parma in 1764 The aim of this article is to propose a reflection on the topics of reputation, fame and celebrity in Europe during 18th century, using as a starting point the case of the Swiss physician Théodore Tronchin (1709–1781). Born in Geneva, he was educated in London and in Leyden as pupil of the eminent Boerhaave; at this stage of his career, he gained valuable experience in the treatment of smallpox, especially following his inoculation of the offspring of Duke of Orleans in 1756, making him a celebrity across Europe.
Beginning with the examination of the inoculation of the Infant Ferdinand of Parma (1764), the last step of his upward social mobility, we may better understand both his trajectory, up to his achievement of transnational celebrity, and the factors that facilitated it: his methods of care, inspired by Hippocratic medicine and empiricism; his sociability, in particular in the salons of the aristocracy, where Tronchin had a close relationship with the ladies directly involved in his curative methods, and his academic network, which was spread all over Europe