bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of cannabis and opioids for chronic pain by older adults: Distinguishing clinical and contextual influences
Authors: Bobitt Julie , Kang Hyojung , Croker James Alton , Quintero Silva Laura , Kaskie Brian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsChronic pain is one of the most common health‐related conditions experienced by Americans over the age of 65. In this study, we examine the intersection between pain, opioids and cannabis use among older adults in Colorado and Illinois and examine how medical needs and other variables associated with a persons' background and attitudes influence choices concerning the use of opioids and cannabis to treat pain.Design and MethodsData were collected via a survey about cannabis and opioids use, and questions related to individual need factors (e.g. pain, quality of life) and contextual factors (e.g. sex, finances, personal attitudes, interaction with physicians) were included in this study. We built a logistic regression model to evaluate factors associated with drug use and a multinomial regression model to understand factors that influence drug choices between cannabis and opioids.ResultsA total of 436 individuals completed the survey; 62 used opioids only, 71 cannabis only and 72 used both. When comparing drug users to non‐drug users, pain was significantly associated with using cannabis and/or opioids when controlling for other covariates. However, when we compared cannabis users to opioid users, pain was no longer a determining factor. Instead, other contextual factors such as sex, personal beliefs and physician attitudes influenced an individual's choice between cannabis or opioids.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study showed that contextual factors appear to have more influence on an individual's decision to use cannabis as an alternative to opioids than individual need or characteristics.
EAN guideline on palliative care of people with severe, progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Solari A. , Giordano A. , Sastre‐Garriga J. , Köpke S. , Rahn A. C. , Kleiter I. , Aleksovska K. , Battaglia M. A. , Bay J. , Copetti M. , Drulovic J. , Kooij L. , Mens J. , Meza Murillo E. R. , Milanov I. , Milo R. , Pekmezovic T. , Vosburgh J. , Silber E. , Veronese S. , Patti F. , Voltz R. , Oliver D. ,   guideline task force
Published: May 2020

Background and purposePatients with severe, progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) have complex physical and psychosocial needs, typically over several years. Few treatment options are available to prevent or delay further clinical worsening in this population. The objective was to develop an evidence‐based clinical practice guideline for the palliative care of patients with severe, progressive MS.MethodsThis guideline was developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. Formulation of the clinical questions was performed in the Patients–Intervention–Comparator–Outcome format, involving patients, carers and healthcare professionals (HPs). No uniform definition of severe MS exists: in this guideline, constant bilateral support required to walk 20 m without resting (Expanded Disability Status Scale score > 6.0) or higher disability is referred to. When evidence was lacking for this population, recommendations were formulated using indirect evidence or good practice statements were devised.ResultsTen clinical questions were formulated. They encompassed general and specialist palliative care, advance care planning, discussing with HPs the patient’s wish to hasten death, symptom management, multidisciplinary rehabilitation, interventions for caregivers and interventions for HPs. A total of 34 recommendations (33 weak, 1 strong) and seven good practice statements were devised.ConclusionsThe provision of home‐based palliative care (either general or specialist) is recommended with weak strength for patients with severe, progressive MS. Further research on the integration of palliative care and MS care is needed. Areas that currently lack evidence of efficacy in this population include advance care planning, the management of symptoms such as fatigue and mood problems, and interventions for caregivers and HPs.
The mainstreaming of “vulgar territory” and popular visions of hyper‐bordered and feminized territory
Authors: Lizotte Christopher 
Published: May 2020

AbstractI lay out a case for recognizing “vulgar territory,” a fusing of superficial categories of spatial sovereignty with identarian rhetorics of belonging. I argue that vulgar territory is composed of two primary elements: first, a simplistic conception of sovereignty as being entirely contiguous with state borders. Second, affective elements of spatial belonging, particularly hope and fear. These two basic elements combine in various ways depending on the particular meanings, images, and emotions that are assembled in particular geohistorical contexts. I show this with a rough typology of “vulgates” of hyper‐bordered and feminized territory by examining recent examples from around the world.
Invasive procedures in patients with haemophilia: Review of low‐dose protocols and experience with extended half‐life FVIII and FIX concentrates and non‐replacement therapies
Authors: Hermans Cedric , Apte Shashikant , Santagostino Elena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe performance of surgery and invasive procedures in patients with haemophilia is currently facing new challenges globally. The first is the appropriate application of low‐dose protocols of clotting factor concentrates (CFC) achieving adequate perioperative haemostasis in resource constraint environments. The increasing availability of CFC through humanitarian aid programmes allows more invasive surgeries to be performed for which efficacy and safety data should be more widely collected and reported. Second, extended half‐life CFC that are increasingly available in many countries represent valuable alternatives to standard half‐life products in surgical patients allowing reduced number of infusions and lower consumption, in particular for extended half‐life factor IX. Third, in the era of recently introduced non‐factor prophylaxis, some minor surgical procedures can now be performed without additional haemostatic treatment, others with few low‐dose administrations of CFC or bypassing agents. Additional factor VIII or bypassing treatment has proven to be safe and effective in association with emicizumab for major surgeries, and it was effectively given at low doses in association with fitusiran. No thrombotic complications have been reported in the surgical setting so far. A multidisciplinary team/facility remains crucial to manage major surgery in patients on prophylaxis with these new agents.
Impact of shelf temperature on a grapefruit puree temperature evolution during freeze‐drying
Authors: Egas‐Astudillo Luis Alberto , Camacho María del Mar , Martínez‐Navarrete Nuria 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe high nutritional and functional value of fruits justifies the use of freeze‐drying to obtain high value‐added products. As to identify in‐line the drying end point, the usefulness of temperature evolution of a grapefruit puree, added or not with gum Arabic and bamboo fibre, when applying 20 or 40 ºC as shelf temperature has been investigated. The obtained results point for the monitoring of the product's heating rate as to identify the end of sublimation in the sample, coinciding with the time this rate starts to decrease. On the other hand, the end point of the drying step of the freeze‐drying process, optimised in terms of duration, is proposed to be related to the sample reaching a certain target temperature which does not necessarily match with the temperature of the chamber. In the concrete conditions of this study, it seems to be between 20 and 40 ºC. As for the variables considered, the biopolymers added to the grapefruit puree did not affect the duration of the process and to increase the freeze‐drier shelves temperature made it possible to reduce processing time by 40%.
Is future self‐relevance necessary to increase saving for retirement? A replication study
Authors: Stockdale Emma , Sanders Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInsufficient saving for retirement is one consequence of excessive discounting of the future but attempts to mitigate it often involve costly or time‐intensive personalized interventions. Marques, Mariano, Lima, and Abrams, by contrast, found that using a generic Future Time Perspective questionnaire to increase future “self‐relevance” was an effective method to increase money allocation to retirement when the salience of future aging was also higher. Originally conducted in Portugal, the present study aimed to replicate Marques et al’s findings in the UK context. In the present study (n = 219), participants were shown a website advertising a financial product. The results support Marques and colleagues’ assertion that, alone, a website priming future aging was insufficient to increase retirement savings in a money allocation task. However, in contrast to Marques et al’s original findings, we find no evidence that future self‐relevance moderates the effect such that priming future aging becomes effective when individuals have higher future self‐relevance. Instead, we find that aging primes are ineffective at increasing retirement saving regardless of whether individuals are high or low in future self‐relevance. Possible explanations for this discrepancy in findings, including methodological and cultural differences, are explored as well as directions for future research.
Spondias mombin L. attenuates ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory modulation
Authors: Pereira Bruna Letícia Buzati , Rodrigue Alexane , Arruda Fernanda Caroline de Oliveira , Bachiega Tatiana Fernanda , Lourenço Maria Angélica Martins , Correa Camila Renata , Azevedo Paula Schmidt , Polegato Bertha Furlan , Okoshi Katashi , Fernandes Ana Angélica Henrique , de Paiva Sergio Alberto Rupp , Zornoff Leonardo Antonio Mamede , Power Krista Anne , Minicucci Marcos Ferreira 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate Spondias mombin L. (SM) pulp and its influence on cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI). Male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: a sham group (animals underwent simulated surgery) that received standard chow (S; n = 20), an infarcted group that received standard chow (MI; n = 24), an infarcted group supplemented with 100 mg of SM/kg bodyweight/d, (MIS100; n = 23) and an infarcted group supplemented with 250 mg of SM/kg bodyweight/d (MIS250; n = 22). After 3 months of treatment, morphological, functional and biochemical analyses were performed. MI induced structural and functional changes in the left ventricle with worsening systolic and diastolic function, and SM supplementation at different doses did not influence these variables as analysed by echocardiography and an isolated heart study (P > .05). However, SM supplementation attenuated cardiac remodelling after MI, reducing fibrosis (P = .047) and hypertrophy (P = .006). Biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammatory processes and energy metabolism were further investigated in the myocardial tissue. SM supplementation improved the efficiency of energy metabolism and decreased lipid hydroperoxide in the myocardium [group S (n = 8): 267.26 ± 20.7; group MI (n = 8): 330.14 ± 47.3; group MIS100 (n = 8): 313.8 ± 46.2; group MIS250: 294.3 ± 38.0 nmol/mg tissue; P = .032], as well as decreased the activation of the inflammatory pathway after MI. In conclusion, SM supplementation attenuated cardiac remodelling processes after MI. We also found that energy metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with this effect. In addition, SM supplementation at the highest dose is more effective.
Resolvin D1 and D2 inhibit tumour growth and inflammation via modulating macrophage polarization
Authors: Shan Kai , Feng Ninghan , Cui Jing , Wang Shunhe , Qu Hongyan , Fu Guoling , Li Jiaqi , Chen Heyan , Wang Xiaoying , Wang Rong , Qi Yumin , Gu Zhennan , Chen Yong Q. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlastic polarization of macrophage is involved in tumorigenesis. M1‐polarized macrophage mediates rapid inflammation, entity clearance and may also cause inflammation‐induced mutagenesis. M2‐polarized macrophage inhibits rapid inflammation but can promote tumour aggravation. ω‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)‐derived metabolites show a strong anti‐inflammatory effect because they can skew macrophage polarization from M1 to M2. However, their role in tumour promotive M2 macrophage is still unknown. Resolvin D1 and D2 (RvD1 and RvD2) are docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐derived docosanoids converted by 15‐lipoxygenase then 5‐lipoxygenase successively. We found that although dietary DHA can inhibit prostate cancer in vivo, neither DHA (10 μmol/L) nor RvD (100 nmol/L) can directly inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vitro. Unexpectedly, in a cancer cell‐macrophage co‐culture system, both DHA and RvD significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation. RvD1 and RvD2 inhibited tumour‐associated macrophage (TAM or M2d) polarization. Meanwhile, RvD1 and RvD2 also exhibited anti‐inflammatory effects by inhibiting LPS‐interferon (IFN)‐γ‐induced M1 polarization as well as promoting interleukin‐4 (IL‐4)‐mediated M2a polarization. These differential polarization processes were mediated, at least in part, by protein kinase A. These results suggest that regulation of macrophage polarization using RvDs may be a potential therapeutic approach in the management of prostate cancer.
Raising European Citizens? European Identity in European Schools
Authors: Rohde‐Liebenau Judith 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCitizens' identification with Europe could consolidate European integration. European Schools, created for children of EU officials, should mirror the EU's vision of citizens of member states united in (national) diversity. Instead, this study reveals that European School students construct an explicitly European in‐group and deviate from EU visions by differentiating themselves from a more national and less mobile lifestyle. The article draws on qualitative content analysis of in‐depth and focus group interviews with teachers and 101 students in European Schools in Germany, Luxembourg and England. This elucidates the relationship between European schooling and this peculiar but ultimately European identity. In a dual mechanism, by ‘doing Europe’, students actively nourish a transnational social network in school; by ‘telling Europe’, students are more passively exposed to European and diverse national narratives. Both the analysis of how their European identity emerges and descriptive underpinnings show the complexity of European identity construction even under most favourable conditions.
The epidermis‐specific cyclin CYCP3;1 is involved in the excess brassinosteroid signaling‐inhibited root meristem cell division
Authors: Chen Yuxiao , Sun Shiyong , Wang Xuelu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCell division is precisely regulated and highly tissue‐specific; studies have suggested that diverse signals in the epidermis, especially the epidermal brassinosteroids (BRs), can regulate root growth. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that integrate hormonal cues such as BR signaling with other endogenous, tissue‐specific developmental programs to regulate epidermal cell proliferation remain unclear. In this study, we used molecular and biochemical approaches, microscopic imaging and genetic analysis to investigate the function and mechanisms of a P‐type cyclin in root growth regulation. We found that CYCP3;1, specifically expressed in the root meristem epidermis and lateral root cap, can regulate meristem cell division. Mitotic analyses and biochemical studies demonstrated that CYCP3;1 promotes cell division at the G2‐M duration by associating and activating cyclin‐dependent kinase B2‐1 (CDKB2;1). Furthermore, we found that CYCP3;1 expression was inhibited by BR signaling through BRI1‐EMS‐SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1), a positive downstream transcription factor in the BR signaling pathway. These findings not only provide a mechanism of how root epidermal‐specific regulators modulate root growth, but also reveal why the excess of BRs or enhanced BR signaling inhibits cell division in the meristem to negatively regulate root growth.
Adjunctive Intermittent Pneumatic Compression in Hospitalized Patients Receiving Pharmacologic Prophylaxis for Venous Thromboprophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Fan Chaofeng , Jia Lu , Fang Fang , Zhang Yu , Faramand Andrew , Chong Weelic , Hai Yang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study assessed the effect of adjunctive intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) on venous thromboembolism incidence in hospitalized patients receiving pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register with no language restrictions from inception until May 15, 2019, for randomized clinical trials comparing adjunctive IPC in pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis and pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism. Two researchers extracted data from published reports independently. A meta‐analysis was conducted to calculate the risk ratio (RR) using random‐effects models. Primary outcomes were deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).ResultsEight trials with a total of 7,354 participants were eligible for analysis. Addition of IPC to pharmacologic prophylaxis compared to pharmacologic prophylaxis alone reduced the risk of DVT by 43% (RR 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35–0.93; I2 = 0%), with benefit only seen in surgical patients (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.15–0.59; I2 = 0%) and not in medical patients (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.60–1.07; I2 = 0%; p for interaction = .008). Addition of IPC reduced the risk for PE by 54% (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.72; I2 = 0%), with benefit only seen in surgical patients (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.24–0.65; I2 = 0%) and not in medical patients (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.32–2.26; I2 = 0%; p for interaction = .18)ConclusionsAddition of IPC to pharmacologic prophylaxis confers moderate benefit on venous thromboembolism, with benefit confined to surgical patients. For medical patients, there was a trend toward reduced DVT with adjunctive IPC, which warrants further investigation.Clinical RelevanceVenous thromboembolism is not unusual among hospitalized patients despite pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. Nursing personnel should use adjunctive IPC in surgical patients receiving pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis to prevent venous thromboembolism.
Communication about spinal muscular atrophy and genetic risk within families: An Australian pilot study
Authors: Pieper Ellen , Sexton Adrienne , Ryan Monique M , Forbes Robin 
Published: May 2020

AimIn families with a child diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), siblings who do not have SMA could still be genetic carriers of the condition. This study is the first to explore how siblings of patients with SMA learn about the condition and their genetic risk.MethodIn‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with several parents and unaffected siblings of people with SMA types II and III in Australia. Thematic analysis was performed.ResultsSiblings described learning about SMA gradually over time through conversations with their parents and other sources, including the Internet, biology classes and support groups. Parents and unaffected siblings described challenges in family communication due to the emotional intensity associated with having SMA in the family. Most siblings did not report learning from their family how the inheritance of SMA related to their own genetic carrier risk and possible reproductive implications.ConclusionSiblings described their parents as being open and honest in communicating about SMA; however, this study found that communication before the age of understanding abstract concepts, in combination with the emotional intensity of SMA, resulted in gaps in knowledge about SMA.
High tolerance of two parasites in ornate tree lizards reduces the fitness costs of parasitism
Authors: Paterson J. E. , Blouin‐Demers G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractParasites are ubiquitous and are presumed to have strong negative effects on host fitness. Despite this expectation, many parasites have negligible effects on their hosts in nature. Two hypotheses can explain why this might occur. Hosts can evolve resistance to parasites where their immune system attacks parasites (resistance hypothesis). The resistance hypothesis predicts that parasite load will decrease through time because of immune activity and that parasites have fitness costs to hosts. Alternatively, hosts can evolve tolerance to parasites and invest little energy in repelling attacks (tolerance hypothesis). The tolerance hypothesis predicts that parasites have no fitness costs to hosts. We tested these hypotheses with mark‐recapture data from six populations of a lizard host (Urosaurus ornatus) and two common parasites (ectoparasitic Trombiculid mites and haemoparasitic Plasmodium). We found that parasite load was unrelated to lizard growth rates or survival. In addition, mite parasite load did not decrease through time. Thus, our data support the tolerance hypothesis. Ectoparasitic mites and haemoparasitic Plasmodium are therefore unlikely to be strong drivers of variation in Urosaurus ornatus population density at our study sites because of their negligible effects on host fitness. We encourage ecologists to measure carefully the effects of parasites on hosts, rather than assuming fitness costs of parasitism are present.
Can Human Resource Management Improve Schools' Performance?
Authors: Bryson Alex , Stokes Lucy , Wilkinson David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing data for British workplaces, we compare the associations between human resource management (HRM) practices and schools' performance, comparing those effects to the effects of HRM among private sector workplaces. We do so using measures of workplace performance that are common across all workplaces. We find intensive use of HRM practices is correlated with substantial improvement in workplace performance, both among schools and other workplaces. Results are robust to panel estimates of the correlation between changes in performance and changes in HRM.
Relationships between objective sleep parameters and inflammatory biomarkers in pregnancy
Authors: Zhu Bingqian , Bronas Ulf G. , Carley David W. , Lee Kathryn , Steffen Alana , Kapella Mary C. , Izci‐Balserak Bilgay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe examined the relationships between sleep and inflammatory biomarkers during late pregnancy. Seventy‐four women underwent an overnight sleep assessment by polysomnography. Blood samples were collected before bedtime and again within 1 h upon awakening to measure C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐6 soluble receptor. Sleep parameters included variables characterizing sleep architecture and sleep continuity. The participants were 32.2 (SD = 4.1) years old, and the average gestational age was 32.8 (3.5) weeks. Controlling for covariates, evening CRP was negatively associated with N3 sleep (β = −0.30, P = 0.010). N3 sleep was also negatively associated with morning CRP (β = −0.26, P = 0.036), with a higher percentage of N3 sleep associated with a lower level of morning CRP. Contrarily, there was a tendency for a positive association between stage N2 sleep and morning CRP (β = 0.23, P = 0.065). Stage N1 sleep was associated with morning IL‐6 (β = 0.28, P = 0.021), with a higher percentage of N1 sleep associated with a higher morning IL‐6. No significant associations were found between morning inflammatory biomarkers and sleep continuity parameters. In conclusion, increased light sleep was associated with increased inflammatory biomarkers, whereas more deep sleep was associated with decreased inflammatory biomarkers. These findings further support the interactions between sleep and the immune system during late pregnancy.