bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters: Novel Building Blocks for Hierarchical Structures
Authors: Bonacchi Sara , Antonello Sabrina , Dainese Tiziano , Maran Flavio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAtomically precise ligand‐protected nanoclusters (NCs) constitute an important class of compounds that exhibit well‐defined structures and, when sufficiently small, evident molecular properties. NCs provide versatile building blocks to fabricate hierarchical superstructures. The assembly of NCs indeed offers opportunities to devise new materials with given structures and able to carry out specific functions. In this Concept article, we highlight the possibilities offered by NCs in which the physicochemical properties are controlled by the introduction of foreign metal atoms and/or modification of the composition of the capping monolayer with functional ligands. Different approaches to assemble NCs into dimers and higher hierarchy structures and the corresponding changes in physicochemical properties are also described.
Ultrafast Charge Delocalization Dynamics of Ambient Stable CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals Encapsulated in Polystyrene Fiber
Authors: Babu K. Justice , Kaur Gurpreet , Biswal Liza , De Goutam , Ghosh Hirendra N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) encapsulated in a transparent polystyrene (PS) fiber matrix (CsPbBr3@PS) have been synthesized to protect the NCs. The ultrafast charge delocalization dynamics of the embedded NCs have been demonstrated, and the results are compared with the pristine CsPbBr3 in toluene. The electrospinning method was employed for the preparation of CsPbBr3@PS fibers by using a polystyrene solution doped with pre‐synthesized CsPbBr3 and characterized by XRD, HRTEM, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Energy level diagrams of CsPbBr3 and PS suggest that CsPbBr3@PS fibers make a type I core–shell structure. The carrier cooling for CsPbBr3@PS fibers is found to be much slower than pure CsPbBr3 NCs. This observation suggests that photoexcited electrons from CsPbBr3 NCs get delocalized from the conduction band of the perovskite to lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the PS fiber matrix. The CsPbBr3@PS fibers possess remarkable stability under ambient conditions as well as in water over months. The clear understanding of charge carrier relaxation dynamics of CsPbBr3 confined in PS fibers could help to design robust optoelectronic devices.
The brain of the African wild dog. II. The olfactory system
Authors: Chengetanai Samson , Bhagwandin Adhil , Bertelsen Mads F. , Hård Therese , Hof Patrick R. , Spocter Muhammad A. , Manger Paul R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEmploying a range of neuroanatomical stains, we detail the organization of the main and accessory olfactory systems of the African wild dog. The organization of both these systems follows that typically observed in mammals, but variations of interest were noted. Within the main olfactory bulb, the size of the glomeruli, at approximately 350 μm in diameter, are on the larger end of the range observed across mammals. In addition, we estimate that approximately 3,500 glomeruli are present in each main olfactory bulb. This larger main olfactory bulb glomerular size and number of glomeruli indicates that enhanced peripheral processing of a broad range of odorants is occurring in the main olfactory bulb of the African wild dog. Within the accessory olfactory bulb, the glomeruli did not appear distinct, rather forming a homogenous syncytia‐like arrangement as seen in the domestic dog. In addition, the laminar organization of the deeper layers of the accessory olfactory bulb was indistinct, perhaps as a consequence of the altered architecture of the glomeruli. This arrangement of glomeruli indicates that rather than parcellating the processing of semiochemicals peripherally, these odorants may be processed in a more nuanced and combinatorial manner in the periphery, allowing for more rapid and precise behavioral responses as required in the highly social group structure observed in the African wild dog. While having a similar organization to that of other mammals, the olfactory system of the African wild dog has certain features that appear to correlate to their environmental niche.
Testing the performance of CIECAM02 from 100 to 3500 cd/m2
Authors: Bao Wenyu , Wei Minchen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractColor appearance models were developed to characterize the color attributes of stimuli under different viewing conditions based on data collected through magnitude estimation or color matching experiments. Although human beings experience very high light levels under daylight and the reproduction of colors under daylight is important in the color and imaging industries, the existing color appearance models were developed based on the data that were collected under the conditions with luminance levels below 700 cd/m2 due to the lack of facilities to produce stable illumination at high light levels. A recent study investigating color preference of an artwork under a wide range of light levels from 20 to 15 000 lx suggested that CIECAM02 cannot accurately characterize the color appearance under extremely high light levels. This study was designed to directly test the performance of CIECAM02 from 100 to 3500 cd/m2. Human observers performed color match for four hues under a series pairs of adapting conditions with a haploscopic viewing condition. It was found that CIECAM02 had the best performance in characterizing the hue angles but the worse performance in characterizing the brightness with a maximum underprediction around 200% across a wide range of luminance. This was mainly due to the fact that CIECAM02 was developed based on the data collected under relatively low adapting luminance levels. The color appearance model that was proposed to use the adapting luminance levels in characterizing the cone compression in the postadaptation process was found to have a much better performance in characterizing the brightness.
A scalable lock on NUMA multicore
Authors: Yi ZhengMing , Yao YiPing 
Published: August 2020

SummaryModern NUMA multicore architectures exhibit complicated memory behavior, such as cache coherence invalidation and nonuniform memory access where the access from a core to its local memory is significantly faster than crossnode access to memory on a different NUMA node. The complicated memory behavior has a large impact on the efficiency of locking synchronization, which affects the performance of parallel applications. Prior works offer several efficient designs to improve locking performance such as delegation schemes. However, the existing delegation schemes either occupy computing cores or provide nonscalable performance, or offer less portability. In this work, we present a NUMA‐aware delegation lock that occupies no cores while offering scalable performance under high contention for NUMA multicore machines. The new lock is a variant of an efficient FFWD lock, and inherits its performance features, such as buffering responses within a NUMA node to minimize cache coherence traffic. Unlike FFWD, the new lock employs hierarchical NUMA‐aware memory allocation and NUMA‐aware dynamic server thread technique, to reduce crossnode communication between client and server threads. Our evaluation shows that the new lock outperforms FFWD under high contention, achieving the significant performance gains when compared with other state‐of‐the‐art locks.
Implication and Inhibition Boolean Logic Gates Mimicked with Enzyme Reactions
Authors: Kaniewska Klaudia , Bollella Paolo , Katz Evgeny 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe enzyme system mimicking Implication (IMPLY) and Inhibition (INHIB) Boolean logic gates has been designed. The same enzyme system was used to operate as the IMPLY or INHIB gate simply by reformulating the input signals. The optical analysis of the logic operation confirmed the output generation as expected for the studied logic gates. The conceptual approach to the IMPLY and INHIB logic gates allows their construction with many other enzymes operating in a similar way.
Electrolyte Flow Field Variation: A Cell for Testing and Optimization of Membrane Electrode Assembly for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Pichugov Roman D. , Konev Dmitry V. , Petrov Mikhail M. , Antipov Anatoly E. , Loktionov Pavel A. , Abunaeva Lilia Z. , Usenko Andrey A. , Vorotyntsev Mikhail A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA great deal of research has been dedicated to improving the performance of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). In this work, we propose the design of a cell for testing membrane electrode assembly of VRFB, which enables the optimization of the flow field, conditions of charge‐discharge tests, and the nature of components (electrodes, membrane) with minimal time and material expenses. The essence of the proposed cell is that the system of channels distributing the electrolyte is made by cutting shaped holes in the sheets of graphite foil (GF). This manner allows easy modification of the flow field configurations. Polarization curves for serpentine, interdigitated, and flow‐through systems were measured according to procedures used in such studies. Cell with GF plates being tested with vanadium‐sulfuric acid electrolyte, outperforms the cell with conventional graphite plates with the same parameters of the flow field. It demonstrates 734 mW cm−2 of peak power density at SOC 50 and 84.3 % of energy efficiency at 84.5 % of electrolyte utilization under galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling with 75 mA cm−2.
Challenges and opportunities for peace educators: Lessons from a youth‐led effort in Pakistan
Authors: Bokhari Fatima , Ahmed Zahid Shahab 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince the beginning of the “War on Terror” in 2001, there has been a sudden rise in interest in countering violent extremism through peace education. In Pakistan, the focus has largely been on Islamic seminaries (madrassas), but nongovernmental organizations have also been working in public and private schools. For over a decade, there have been numerous youth‐led peace education interventions in Pakistan, but still little is known about their impact; therefore, this empirical research aims to address that gap in scholarship. The study uses a case study approach to present analysis covering a youth‐led nongovernmental peace education intervention of Ravvish in three secondary schools based in Lahore. The analysis covers organizational dynamics, curricula, delivery, impact, and challenges. Despite its weaknesses in being a young organization led by inexperienced peace educators, it is argued in the paper that the organization is still able to meet its key objective of promoting critical thinking among students. The students appreciated the approach used by the Ravvish to talk about sensitive topics. It was also found that the majority of the students retained the knowledge from the workshops even after 6–12 months.
Substituent Pattern Effects on the Redox Potentials of Quinone‐Based Active Materials for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Schwan S. , Schröder D. , Wegner H. A. , Janek J. , Mollenhauer D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuinone‐based, aqueous redox flow batteries are a promising technology for large‐scale, low‐cost energy storage. To understand the influence of substituent and substituent pattern effects of quinone‐based derivatives on the redox potential, a screening study was performed that included benzoquinone, naphtaquinone, and anthraquinone derivatives. The order of substituent influence is −OH>−Me/−OMe for decreasing the redox potential and −F<−SO3−<−CN, −NO2 for increasing the redox potential, which is in agreement with general expectations. We found that the consideration of resonance and inductive effects design strategies of redox‐active materials can be extended by the ability of intramolecular hydrogen bond formation, steric hindrance, and energetic differences of conformers for oxidized and reduced species. Due to the complexity and overlap of these effects, theoretical screening studies can provide guidance for the design of new molecular materials. In addition to the redox potential, other parameters such as stability, solubility, and kinetic rate constant or synthetic accessibility are crucial to consider.
Cytologic features and immunohistochemical findings of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) in effusion: A case series
Authors: Jebastin Thangaiah Judith , Hanley Kelly , Nomani Laila , Policarpio‐Nicolas Maria Luisa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare malignant vascular tumor characterized by WWTR1‐CAMTA1, t (1:3) (p36;q25) translocation in 90% of cases. Without prior EHE history, it can mimic other malignant effusions. Recently, CAMTA1 was published as an excellent immunohistochemical surrogate marker for molecular testing for WWTR1‐CAMTA1 fusion in surgical specimens.MethodsA 6‐year retrospective search using our computer system was performed for cases diagnosed as EHE on effusion cytology and surgical specimens. The clinical presentation, cytologic findings and immunohistochemical stain results, including CAMTA1 were reviewed.ResultsFour pleural and one peritoneal effusions were identified. The median age was 52 years with a female to male ratio of 3:2. Most patients presented with pulmonary symptoms. The cytologic features were non‐specific easily mimicking other malignancies; especially in the absence of known prior malignancy. This was exemplified by one of our cases which was initially misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma. Intracytoplasmic erythrocytes were present only on the cell blocks but not on cytology. The cytology cell blocks from patients with prior EHE confirmed on surgical biopsies stained positive for vascular markers (CD31, ERG) and CAMTA1.ConclusionThe features of EHE in effusion are non‐specific and a diagnostic pitfall in cytology. In the absence of prior EHE diagnosis, inclusion of this entity in the differential diagnoses and application of immunohistochemical stain panels will be prudent in avoiding a misdiagnosis. However, in cases with prior EHE diagnosis, CAMTA1 could serve as diagnostic marker; especially on limited cytology material. Additional studies will be helpful in supporting our results.
Oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma (OMEC) of the parotid gland in a 12‐year‐old patient: A diagnostic challenge on cytology
Authors: Qayoom Sumaira , Singh Ajay K , Chakrabarti Deep , Singh Hitendra P , Singh Uma S 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant salivary gland neoplasm comprising approximately 10% of all tumours of the major salivary gland. Owing to a plethora of morphological variations, it poses a diagnostic challenge on fine‐needle aspiration cytology. Oncocytic variant of mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare subtype seen in the age group of 20‐80 years. It is crucial to make the correct diagnosis on cytology as it has therapeutic implications. Oncocytes can be present in a wide range of salivary gland lesions ranging from non‐neoplastic conditions to benign and malignant lesions. We report a case of oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland in a 12‐year‐old boy which is the youngest age reported for the same. On cytology, this case was initially diagnosed as Warthin's tumour and was supported by radiology. However, histomorphological findings clinched the diagnosis of an oncocytic variant of mucoepidermoid carcinoma with the aid of immunohistochemistry.
Cell death in the developing vertebrate limb: A locally regulated mechanism contributing to musculoskeletal tissue morphogenesis and differentiation
Authors: Montero Juan A. , Lorda‐Diez Carlos I. , Sanchez‐Fernandez Cristina , Hurle Juan M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOur aim is to critically review current knowledge of the function and regulation of cell death in the developing limb. We provide a detailed, but short, overview of the areas of cell death observed in the developing limb, establishing their function in morphogenesis and structural development of limb tissues. We will examine the functions of this process in the formation and growth of the limb primordia, formation of cartilaginous skeleton, formation of synovial joints, and establishment of muscle bellies, tendons, and entheses. We will analyze the plasticity of the cell death program by focusing on the developmental potential of progenitors prior to death. Considering the prolonged plasticity of progenitors to escape from the death process, we will discuss a new biological perspective that explains cell death: this process, rather than secondary to a specific genetic program, is a consequence of the tissue building strategy employed by the embryo based on the formation of scaffolds that disintegrate once their associated neighboring structures differentiate.
Differential expression of BMP inhibitors gremlin and noggin in Hydra suggests distinct roles during budding and patterning of tentacles
Authors: Krishnapati Lakshmi Surekha , Khade Samiksha , Trimbake Diptee , Patwardhan Rohan , Nadimpalli Siva Kumar , Ghaskadbi Surendra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMechanisms regulating BMP and Wnt pathways and their interactions are not well studied in Hydra.ResultsWe report identification of BMP inhibitor gremlin, comparison of its expression with that of noggin and possible antagonism between Wnt and BMP signaling in Hydra. Gremlin is expressed in body column with high levels in budding region and in early buds. Noggin, on the other hand, is expressed in the hypostome, base of tentacles, lower body column, and basal disc. During budding, noggin is expressed at the sites of tentacle emergence. This was confirmed in ectopic tentacles in polyps treated with alsterpaullone (ALP), a GSK‐3β inhibitor that leads to upregulation of Wnt pathway. RT‐PCR data show that upregulation of Wnt is accompanied by downregulation of bmp 5‐8b though noggin and gremlin remain unaltered till 24 hours.ConclusionsDifferent expression patterns of gremlin and noggin suggest their roles in budding and patterning of tentacles, respectively. Further, bmp 5‐8b inhibition by activated Wnt signaling does not directly involve noggin and gremlin in Hydra. Our data suggest that Wnt/BMP antagonism may have evolved early for defining the oral‐aboral axis, while the involvement of BMP antagonists during axial patterning is a recent evolutionary acquisition within the Bilateria lineage.
Evaluating the link between predation and pest control services in the mite world
Authors: Roy Lise , Taudière Adrien , Papaïx Julien , Blatrix Rumsais , Chiron Geoffrey , Zriki Ghais , Bonato Olivier , Barnagaud Jean‐Yves 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPest regulation by natural enemies has a strong potential to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides in agroecosystems. However, the effective role of predation as an ecosystem service remains largely speculative, especially with minute organisms such as mites.Predatory mites are natural enemies for ectoparasites in livestock farms. We tested for an ecosystem level control of the poultry pestDermanyssus gallinaeby other mites naturally present in manure in poultry farms and investigated differences among farming practices (conventional, free‐range, and organic).We used a multiscale approach involving (a) in vitro behavioral predation experiments, (b) arthropod inventories in henhouses with airborne DNA, and (c) a statistical model of covariations in mite abundances comparing farming practices.Behavioral experiments revealed that three mites are prone to feed onD. gallinae. Accordingly, we observed covariations between the pest and these three taxa only, in airborne DNA at the henhouse level, and in mites sampled from manure. In most situations, covariations in abundances were high in magnitude and their sign was positive.Predation on a pest happens naturally in livestock farms due to predatory mites. However, the complex dynamics of mite trophic network prevents the emergence of a consistent assemblage‐level signal of predation. Based on these results, we suggest perspectives for mite‐based pest control and warn against any possible disruption of ignored services through the application of veterinary drugs or pesticides.
DIY ecology class: Transitioning field activities to an online format
Authors: Creech Catherine , Shriner Walter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has forced the transition of many traditional face‐to‐face classes into an online format with little time to prepare best practice guidelines. In this article, we share a case study of how we adapted a group field activity into an individual laboratory assignment that can be completed during shelter‐in‐place restrictions. We conclude with ideas for future applications while staying mindful of the ways in which this pandemic has highlighted the inequities of the classroom, especially at community colleges.
Geographical variation of multiplex ecological networks in marine intertidal communities
Authors: Lurgi Miguel , Galiana Núria , Broitman Bernardo R. , Kéfi Sonia , Wieters Evie A. , Navarrete Sergio A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers of geographical variation in species distributions, and the resulting community structure, constitutes one of the grandest challenges in ecology. Geographical patterns of species richness and composition have been relatively well studied. Less is known about how the entire set of trophic and non‐trophic ecological interactions, and the complex networks that they create by gluing species together in complex communities, change across geographical extents. Here, we compiled data of species composition and three types of ecological interactions occurring between species in rocky intertidal communities across a large spatial extent (~970 km of shoreline) of central Chile, and analyzed the geographical variability in these multiplex networks (i.e., comprising several interaction types) of ecological interactions. We calculated nine network summary statistics common across interaction types, and additional network attributes specific to each of the different types of interactions. We then investigated potential environmental drivers of this multivariate network organization. These included variation in sea surface temperature and coastal upwelling, the main drivers of productivity in nearshore waters. Our results suggest that structural properties of multiplex ecological networks are affected by local species richness and modulated by factors influencing productivity and environmental predictability. Our results show that non‐trophic negative interactions are more sensitive to spatially structured temporal environmental variation than feeding relationships, with non‐trophic positive interactions being the least labile to it. We also show that environmental effects are partly mediated through changes in species richness and partly through direct influences on species interactions, probably associated to changes in environmental predictability and to bottom‐up nutrient availability. Our findings highlight the need for a comprehensive picture of ecological interactions and their geographical variability if we are to predict potential effects of environmental changes on ecological communities.