bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood abuse and unplanned pregnancies: a cross‐sectional study of women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
Authors: Drevin J , Hallqvist J , Sonnander K , Rosenblad A , Pingel R , Bjelland EK 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo study if childhood emotional, physical and sexual abuse are determinants for having an unplanned pregnancy, if the categories of abuse interact, and if a potential bias due to the selection of the participants (collider stratification bias) could explain the effect of childhood abuse.DesignA cross‐sectional study.SettingThe study is based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.SampleWomen participating in the MoBa for the first time, ≥18 years of age who responded to questions regarding childhood abuse and pregnancy planning (n = 76 197).MethodsData were collected using questionnaires. We conducted analyses using modified Poisson regressions and the relative excess risks due to interaction (RERI). Sensitivity analyses were performed.Main outcome measureAn unplanned pregnancy (yes/no).ResultsExposure to childhood emotional (adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.14, 95% CI 1.10–1.19), physical (adjusted RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04–1.18) and sexual (adjusted RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.14–1.27) abuse increased the risk of having an unplanned pregnancy. The effects could not be explained by the collider stratification bias. The different combinations of categories of abuse did not show any interaction effects.ConclusionsChildhood emotional, physical and sexual abuses separately increase the risk of having an unplanned pregnancy. The results indicate that victims of childhood abuse are in greater need of support to achieve their reproductive goals.Tweetable abstractChildhood abuse increases the risk of having an unplanned pregnancy. #reproductivehealth #epitwitter.
Do obstetricians apply the national guidelines? A vignette‐based study assessing practices for the prevention of preterm birth
Authors: Rousseau A , Azria E , Baumann S , Deneux‐Tharaux C , Senat MV 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo describe spontaneous preterm birth prevention practices self‐reported before and after the dissemination of relevant guidelines, and to identify personal and organisational factors associated with adherence.DesignA repeated cross‐sectional vignette‐based survey study.SettingFrench obstetricians.PopulationFrench obstetricians practicing in public or private maternity units.MethodsBefore and after the dissemination of the 2017 French guidelines on the prevention of spontaneous preterm birth, participants were asked to complete a web‐based self‐administered questionnaire based on two clinical vignettes. Vignette 1 focused on respondents’ attitudes towards strict bed rest, cerclage, and progesterone treatment for women with a short cervix in mid‐trimester; vignette 2 focused on attitudes towards strict bed rest and maintenance tocolysis after successful tocolysis for preterm labour. A mixed quantitative and qualitative analysis was conducted.Main outcome measuresNon‐adherence to guidelines for the prevention of spontaneous preterm birth in responses to each vignette.ResultsWe obtained complete responses from 286 obstetricians before and 282 obstetricians after guideline dissemination, including 145 obstetricians participating in both. After dissemination, 51.4% of obstetricians self‐reported non‐adherent practices for vignette 1 and 22.3% of obstetricians self‐reported non‐adherent practices for vignette 2. No improvement was observed after dissemination. The quantitative analysis identified factors associated with non‐adherence, including older age and practice in non‐university or small hospitals, whereas the qualitative analysis highlighted barriers to implementation, including fear of change, habits, work overload, and lack of time.ConclusionsAdherence to guidelines was generally low, with practices unmodified by their dissemination. Improvement is required, especially regarding applicability.Tweetable abstractAdherence to guidelines to prevent spontaneous preterm birth was generally low and remained unmodified after guideline dissemination.
Evidence of climate change impacts on crop comparative advantage and land use
Authors: Arora Gaurav , Feng Hongli , Anderson Christopher J. , Hennessy David A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRelative agricultural productivity shocks emerging from climate change will alter regional cropland use. Land allocations are sensitive to crop profits that in turn depend on yield effects induced by changes in climate and technology. We develop and apply an integrated framework to assess the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity and land use for the U.S. Northern Great Plains. Crop‐specific yield–weather models reveal crop comparative advantage due to differential yield impacts of weather across the region's major crops, that is, alfalfa, wheat, soybeans, and maize. We define crop profits as a function of the weather‐driven yields, which are then used to model land use allocation decisions. This ultimately allows us to simulate the impact of climate change under the RCP4.5 emissions scenario on land allocated to the region's major crops as well as to grass/pasture. Upon removing the trends effects in yields, climate change is projected to lower yields by 33–64% over 2031–2055 relative to 1981–2005, with soybean being the least and alfalfa the most affected crops. Yield projections applied to the land use model at present‐day input costs and output prices reveals that Dakotas’ grass acreage will increase by up to 23%, displacing croplands. Wheat acreage is expected to increase by up to 54% in select southeastern counties of North Dakota and South Dakota, where maize/soy acreage had increased by up to 58% during 1995–2016.
Rain shadow effects predict population differences in thermal tolerance of leaf‐cutting ant workers (Atta cephalotes)
Authors: Baudier Kaitlin M. , O’Donnell Sean 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTests of hypotheses for the evolution of thermal physiology often rely on mean temperatures, but mounting evidence suggests geographic variation in temperature extremes is also an important predictor of species’ thermal tolerances. Although the tropics are less thermally variable than higher latitude regions, rain shadows on the leeward sides of mountains can experience greater diel and seasonal variation in temperature than windward sites. Rain shadows provide opportunities to test predictions about the relationships of extreme temperatures with thermal physiology while controlling for latitude. We tested the hypothesis that populations of leaf‐cutting ants (Atta cephalotes) in leeward, montane, and windward sites in Costa Rica would differ in upper thermal tolerances (CTmax) of workers. As predicted from rain shadow effects via extreme high temperatures, the leeward rain shadow site yielded the highest mean CTmax (rain shadow site 42.1 ± 0.3°C, Montane site 38.2 ± 0.5°C, and windward site 38.2 ± 0.3°C). This suggests that high‐temperature extremes in tropical rain shadow forests can select for higher thermal tolerances. CTmax increased with worker body size within sites, but CTmax increased with body size more gradually at the two lowland sites, as predicted if local high temperatures selected more strongly on the most thermally vulnerable society members (small workers). This suggests that warmer lowland climates selected for colonies with less variation in heat tolerance than cooler high elevation climates.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Can better parenting be achieved through short prevention programs? The challenge of universal prevention through Strengthening Families Program 11–14
Authors: Sánchez‐Prieto Lidia , Orte Carmen , Ballester Lluís , Amer Joan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith the increase in substance use by young people in recent years' there has been a growth in evidence‐based programs aimed at preventing this problem. This study aims to assess possible changes in family and parental dynamics among families taking part in a short (6‐session) universal program. These changes might act as protective factors for families in preventing substance use. A quasi‐experimental design was used' with pretest and posttest evaluations. The participating schools meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The sample was made up of 16 experimental groups and 17 control groups' with the participation of 353 parents and 289 youths. The results confirm the strengthening of the families by improving the following key components of parenting: resilience' involvement' family conflicts' and positive parenting. Reinforcing parenting skills through a short program is a good strategy to take' ensuring high levels of adherence (86.40% retention of the initial sample). Hence future universal prevention programs must not just set their sights on high levels of effectiveness' but also on efficiency.
Limited effects of depth (0–80 cm) on communities of archaea, bacteria and fungi in paddy soil profiles
Authors: Yuan Chao‐Lei , Zhang Li‐Mei , Wang Jun‐Tao , Teng Wen‐Kai , Hu Hang‐Wei , Shen Ju‐Pei , He Ji‐Zheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMost current microbial studies in paddy soils have focused on the top (0–20 cm) layer where rice roots are concentrated. To better understand the vertical distribution of microorganisms in paddy soils, we investigated the abundances, diversities and community compositions of archaea, bacteria and fungi in six geographically and climatically distinct paddy soil profiles from 0–80‐cm depth. Although microbial abundances and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) diversities largely decreased with soil depth, only the community composition of archaea (not bacteria or fungi) was associated with soil depth, echoing that only one archaeal OTU, but no bacterial or fungal OTUs, differed significantly in relative abundance between depth intervals. Mean annual temperature, precipitation and soil iron and manganese concentrations were significantly correlated with the ordinations of microbial communities for all three domains. Besides these common environmental factors, bacterial and archaeal community structures were also influenced by soil chloride and sulphate concentrations, whereas the concentrations of organic matter and total nitrogen were important explanatory factors for the variation in fungal community composition. Further analyses on putative bacterial functions showed significant differences between sampling sites rather than depth intervals, and suggested that bacterial OTUs that significantly varied in relative abundance across sampling sites might be functionally related to organic matter decomposition, sulphur oxidation and reduction, as well as nitrate reduction. Altogether, in the studied paddy soil profiles, the community composition and putative functions of bacteria were largely the same between different vertical layers, each with a thickness of 20 cm. This study suggests that the community compositions of archaea, bacteria and fungi are mainly driven by different soil chemical properties rather than soil depth, which could be linked to the ecological traits of the three microbial domains.Highlights
Communities of archaea, bacteria and fungi were investigated in six paddy soil profiles.
Soil depth was only correlated with archaeal community structure
Environmental factors influenced community composition differently for different domains.
Bacterial OTUs contributing to variation in community composition among sites were functionally linked to C, N and S cycling.
Spatial heterogeneity in water velocity drives leaf litter dynamics in streams
Authors: Bastias Elliot , Bolivar Manel , Ribot Miquel , Peipoch Marc , Thomas Steven A. , Sabater Francesc , Martí Eugènia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Stream hydro‐morphology refers to the heterogeneous distribution of hydrologic conditions that occur above a complex benthic surface such as a streambed.

We hypothesised that hydro‐morphological conditions will influence the retention, re‐distribution, and microbial‐driven decomposition of leaf litter inputs in stream ecosystems because each process varies with overlying water velocity.

We tested this hypothesis using: (1) the spatial distribution of water velocity within a stream reach as a surrogate of stream hydro‐morphology; (2) leaf tracer (i.e. Ginkgo biloba L.) additions with serial recovery to examine the relationship between benthic retention and overlying velocity; and (3) measurements of leaf litter decomposition (i.e. Alnus glutinosa [L.] Gaertn.) under different water velocity conditions.

Results demonstrate that water velocity exerts a significant influence on the retention and re‐distribution of leaf litter inputs within the reach. The observed range of water velocity (from c. 0 to 0.92 cm/s) also strongly influences the range of leaf litter decomposition rates (0.0076–0.0222/day).

Our findings illustrate that water velocity influences leaf litter dynamics in streams by controlling leaf litter transport, retention and re‐distribution as well as how leaves decompose within recipient stream reaches. Ultimately, the results show that the efficiency of leaf litter inputs in supporting stream ecosystem function is dependent on the hydro‐morphological characteristics of the receiving stream ecosystems.
Species interactions and climate change: How the disruption of species co‐occurrence will impact on an avian forest guild
Authors: Brambilla Mattia , Scridel Davide , Bazzi Gaia , Ilahiane Luca , Iemma Aaron , Pedrini Paolo , Bassi Enrico , Bionda Radames , Marchesi Luigi , Genero Fulvio , Teufelbauer Norbert , Probst Remo , Vrezec Al , Kmecl Primož , Mihelič Tomaž , Bogliani Giuseppe , Schmid Hans , Assandri Giacomo , Pontarini Renato , Braunisch Veronika , Arlettaz Raphaël , Chamberlain Dan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInterspecific interactions are crucial in determining species occurrence and community assembly. Understanding these interactions is thus essential for correctly predicting species' responses to climate change. We focussed on an avian forest guild of four hole‐nesting species with differing sensitivities to climate that show a range of well‐understood reciprocal interactions, including facilitation, competition and predation. We modelled the potential distributions of black woodpecker and boreal, tawny and Ural owl, and tested whether the spatial patterns of the more widespread species (excluding Ural owl) were shaped by interspecific interactions. We then modelled the potential future distributions of all four species, evaluating how the predicted changes will alter the overlap between the species' ranges, and hence the spatial outcomes of interactions. Forest cover/type and climate were important determinants of habitat suitability for all species. Field data analysed with N‐mixture models revealed effects of interspecific interactions on current species abundance, especially in boreal owl (positive effects of black woodpecker, negative effects of tawny owl). Climate change will impact the assemblage both at species and guild levels, as the potential area of range overlap, relevant for species interactions, will change in both proportion and extent in the future. Boreal owl, the most climate‐sensitive species in the guild, will retreat, and the range overlap with its main predator, tawny owl, will increase in the remaining suitable area: climate change will thus impact on boreal owl both directly and indirectly. Climate change will cause the geographical alteration or disruption of species interaction networks, with different consequences for the species belonging to the guild and a likely spatial increase of competition and/or intraguild predation. Our work shows significant interactions and important potential changes in the overlap of areas suitable for the interacting species, which reinforce the importance of including relevant biotic interactions in predictive climate change models for increasing forecast accuracy.
Decision Support Modeling: Data Assimilation, Uncertainty Quantification, and Strategic Abstraction
Authors: Doherty John , Moore Catherine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present a framework for design and deployment of decision support modeling based on metrics which have their roots in the scientific method. Application of these metrics to decision support modeling requires recognition of the importance of data assimilation and predictive uncertainty quantification in this type of modeling. The difficulties of implementing these procedures depend on the relationship between data that is available for assimilation and the nature of the prediction(s) that a decision support model is required to make. Three different data/prediction contexts are identified. Unfortunately, groundwater modeling is generally aligned with the most difficult of these. It is suggested that these difficulties can generally be ameliorated through appropriate model design. This design requires strategic abstraction of parameters and processes in a way that is optimal for the making of one particular prediction but is not necessarily optimal for the making of another. It is further suggested that the focus of decision support modeling should be on the ability of a model to provide receptacles for decision‐pertinent information rather than on its purported ability to simulate environmental processes. While models are compromised in both of these roles, this view makes it clear that simulation should serve data assimilation and not the other way around. Data assimilation enables the uncertainties of decision‐critical model predictions to be quantified and maybe reduced. Decision support modeling requires this.
Using dalteparin in quotidian and nocturnal hemodialysis patients: A prospective study
Authors: Huang Shih‐Han S. , Qi Karen , Louzada Martha , Lindsay Robert M. , Rehman Faisal , Ke Hanna , Muirhead Norman 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Low‐molecular weight heparin, such as dalteparin, is an alternative anticoagulation method in conventional hemodialysis (HD). However, there are limited studies on its use in quotidian and nocturnal HD. We assessed the optimal dose, treatment efficacy, and patient safety of dalteparin in quotidian and nocturnal HD populations.Methods: This study included 10 quotidian (7 in‐center and 3 home) and 8 nocturnal home HD patients. Dalteparin was initiated and titrated based on clotting score in these patients. Trough anti‐Xa levels were measured. The dalteparin dose, the dialyzer and HD circuit clotting scores, and bleeding episodes were recorded at 4 weeks. Patients who continued dalteparin were followed to 12 months.Findings: For the 10 quotidian HD patients, the median dalteparin dose was 1875 units [1250, 2500] after 4 weeks. For nocturnal HD patients, five of the eight patients switched back to heparin due to high clotting scores while on dalteparin within 4 weeks. However, three patients continued on dalteparin at 4 weeks. After 12 months, one maintained on 5000 units and the other two maintained on 7500 units of dalteparin. All the clotting scores at month 12 were ≤2. One patient died due to an unrelated cause. For all patients who continued on dalteparin, only 9% of the HD treatments had circuit clotting score >2 after reaching stable dose. All trough anti‐Xa levels were <0.1 IU/mL. There were no episodes of bleeding. Fistula compression times were not increased.Discussion: This small pilot study suggests that dalteparin can be used effectively and relatively safety in quotidian HD. However, its use in nocturnal HD was only successful in a small proportion of patients. Alternative methods, including second dalteparin bolus after 4 hours of HD treatment, should be assessed for efficacy and practicality.
Sol‐gel–mediated synthesis of TiO2 nanocrystals: Structural, optical, and electrochemical properties
Authors: Sharma Reetu , Sarkar Anjana , Jha Ranjana , Kumar Sharma Amit , Sharma Darshan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNanoparticles of titanium dioxide were prepared using the sol‐gel method without any impurity. Rietveld refinement of XRD data confirmed the anatase phase of synthesized nanoparticles with space group I41/amd (141). XRD pattern revealed the crystalline nature of synthesized nanopowder. The average crystallite size of synthesized nanoparticles was calculated 7.5 nm. The electrochemical performance of synthesized TiO2 nanopowder was investigated as working electrode. The electrochemical reaction was found diffusion‐controlled as observed from cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies at different scan rates. The diffusion‐controlled charge storage mechanism also confirmed by charge transfer resistance and Warburg impedance, as calculated from the EIS analysis. SEM micrograph showed the plate‐like structure grown in cluster cloud of particles of synthesized TiO2 nanocrystals. Absorbance and optical bandgap were obtained using UV‐Vis spectra. De‐convoluted PL spectra provided the emission pattern from the ultra‐violet region to green region due to the presence of interstitial oxygen vacancies. The tune bandgap with EIS measurements of synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles offers its potential application in energy storage devices and photovoltaic applications.
Fabrication of zirconia all‐ceramic crown via DLP‐based stereolithography
Authors: Li Xingbang , Zhong He , Zhang Jingxian , Duan Yusen , Li Jingjing , Jiang Dongliang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractZirconia ceramics have shown a wide applicable prospect in dental prosthetics because it possesses excellent mechanical performance and biocompatibility. The rheological behavior and curing properties of zirconia stereolithography slurry were studied, as well as the microstructure of the green, pyrolyzed, and sintered body. Variquat CC‐42 NS was proved to be effective for zirconia powder dispersing in photocurable resin (SP‐RC700). The curing characteristic of slurry showed that the depth of penetration tended to increase with the solid loading. Finally, the zirconia all‐ceramic crowns were fabricated via DLP‐based stereolithography printer. Results showed that the particles were evenly distributed in the cured resin matrix without obvious agglomeration, and the interlayered structure disappeared after binder burnout. The sample with a major crystalline phase of tetragonal zirconia and a porosity of 10(1)% were obtained after sintering at 1550°C.
Preparation and characterization of heteroepitaxial Zn2SnO4 single crystalline films prepared on MgO (100) substrates
Authors: He Linan , Luan Caina , Wang Di , Le Yong , Feng Xianjin , Ma Jin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractZinc stannate (Zn2SnO4) films were deposited on MgO (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition, and Zn2SnO4 monocrystalline films were obtained by postannealing process. The structures, surface morphologies, and optical properties of the Zn2SnO4 films annealed at different temperatures were investigated in detail. Crystal structure analyses showed that the film annealed at 800°C was single crystal Zn2SnO4 with an inverse‐spinel structure. The heteroepitaxial mechanism was further clarified by a schematic diagram, and the epitaxial relationships between the film and substrate were Zn2SnO4 (400)||MgO (200) with Zn2SnO4 [001]||MgO [001]. The obtained Zn2SnO4 films exhibited excellent transparency. The optical band gap of the 800°C‐annealed Zn2SnO4 film was about 3.97 eV. The extinction coefficients and refractive indexes of the Zn2SnO4 films annealed at different temperatures as a function of wavelength were analyzed in detail.