bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmic artery catheterization for retinoblastoma treatment: does reflux affect tumor response?
Authors: Sweid Ahmad , Hammoud Batoul , Weinberg Joshua H , Texakalidis Pavlos , Xu Vivian , Shivashankar Kavya , Baldassari Michael P , Das Somnath , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I , Shields Carol L , Lezama David A , Lim Li-Anne S , Dalvin Lauren A , El Naamani Kareem , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundIntra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for retinoblastoma (Rb) has been established as a primary treatment for the disease. To determine whether the presence of reflux into the ICA is associated with tumor response or with any other adverse events in pediatric retinoblastoma patients.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed for patients diagnosed with Rb and managed with ophthalmic artery catheterization (OAC).ResultsThe total study cohort included 205 Rb tumors of 205 eyes in 194 consecutive patients who underwent 624 successful intra-arterial chemotherapy infusions using OAC. Of the 205 eyes, 65 eyes (32.7%) underwent 157 OAC procedures constituted group A (no reflux), 64 eyes (31.2%) underwent 236 OAC procedures constituted group B (variable pattern), and 74 eyes (36.1%) underwent 231 OAC procedures constituted group C (reflux). There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the three cohorts. Also, there was no significant difference in tumor characteristics between the three groups, except for genetic status. There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of tumor response at completion of the treatment regimen. Complete tumor response was achieved at 70.2% in Group A, at 83.3% in Group B, and at 78.5% in group C (P=0.39). Similarly, eye enucleation occurred at 38.5% in group A, 31.8% in group B, and 31.5% in group C. None of the patients in both groups had any neurological adverse events or new onset of seizures.ConclusionsThe presence of reflux, which may complicate the procedure and prolong it, was not associated with poor outcomes in our analysis.
Prescription opioid overdose and adverse effect hospitalisations among injured workers in eight states (2010–2014)
Authors: Sears Jeanne M , Hogg-Johnson Sheilah , Sterling Ryan A , Fulton-Kehoe Deborah , Franklin Gary M 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveHigh-risk opioid prescribing practices in workers’ compensation (WC) settings are associated with excess opioid-related morbidity, longer work disability and higher costs. This study characterises the burden of prescription opioid-related hospitalisations among injured workers.MethodsHospital discharge data for eight states (Arizona, Colorado, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, South Carolina, Utah and Washington) were obtained from the State Inpatient Databases, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. We calculated 5-year (2010–2014) average annual rates of prescription opioid overdose/adverse effect (AE) hospitalisations. Injured workers were identified using payer (WC) and external cause codes.ResultsState-level average annual prescription opioid overdose/AE hospitalisation rates ranged from 0.3 to 1.2 per 100 000 employed workers. Rates for workers aged ≥65 years old were two to six times the overall rates. Among those hospitalised with prescription opioid overdose/AEs, injured workers were more likely than other inpatients to have a low back disorder diagnosis, and less likely to have an opioid dependence/abuse or cancer diagnosis, or a fatal outcome. Averaged across states, WC was the primary expected payer for <1% of prescription opioid overdose/AE hospitalisations vs 6% of injury hospitalisations.ConclusionsPopulation-based estimates of prescription opioid morbidity are almost nonexistent for injured workers; this study begins to fill that gap. Rates for injured workers increased markedly with age but were low relative to inpatients overall. Research is needed to assess whether WC as payer adequately identifies work-related opioid morbidity for surveillance purposes, and to further quantify the burden of prescription opioid-related morbidity.
Prostate Cancer Incidence and Aggressiveness in Appalachia versus Non-Appalachia Populations in Pennsylvania by Urban-Rural Regions, 2004–2014
Authors: McDonald Alicia C. , Wasserman Emily , Lengerich Eugene J. , Raman Jay D. , Geyer Nathaniel R. , Hohl Raymond J. , Wang Ming 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background:
Few studies have examined prostate cancer incidence and aggressiveness in urban-rural Appalachian populations. We examined these rates in urban-rural Appalachia and non-Appalachia Pennsylvania (PA), and the association between these areas and more aggressive prostate cancer at diagnosis.

Methods:
Men, ages ≥ 40 years with a primary prostate cancer diagnosis, were identified from the 2004–2014 Pennsylvania Cancer Registry. Age-adjusted incidence rates for prostate cancer and more aggressive prostate cancer at diagnosis were calculated by urban-rural Appalachia status. Multivariable Poisson regressions were conducted. Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine the association between the geographic areas and more aggressive prostate cancer, after adjusting for confounders.

Results:
There were 94,274 cases, ages 40–105 years, included. Urban non-Appalachia had the highest 2004–2014 age-adjusted incidence rates of prostate cancer and more aggressive prostate cancer (293.56 and 96.39 per 100,000 men, respectively) and rural Appalachia had the lowest rates (256.48 and 80.18 per 100,000 men, respectively). Among the cases, urban Appalachia were more likely [OR = 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–1.17] and rural Appalachia were less likely (OR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.87–0.97) to have more aggressive prostate cancer at diagnosis compared with urban non-Appalachia.

Conclusions:
Lower incidence rates and the proportion of aggressive disease in rural Appalachia may be due to lower prostate cancer screening rates. More aggressive prostate cancer at diagnosis among the cases in urban Appalachia may be due to exposures that are prevalent in the region.

Impact:
Identifying geographic prostate cancer disparities will provide information to design programs aimed at reducing risk and closing the disparity gap.
Mechanism of Eccentric Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Secondary to Severe Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Li Shujuan , Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Nhi , Xiao Feng , Menendez-Montes Ivan , Nakada Yuji , Tan Wilson Lek Wen , Anene-Nzelu Chukwuemeka George , Foo Roger S. , Thet Suwannee , Cardoso Alisson Campos , Wang Ping , Elhelaly Waleed M. , Lam Nicholas T. , Pereira Ana Helena Macedo , Hill Joseph A. , Sadek Hesham A. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Primary valvular heart disease is a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in both industrialized and developing countries. Although the primary consequence of valvular heart disease is myocardial dysfunction, treatment of valvular heart diseases centers around valve repair or replacement rather than prevention or reversal of myocardial dysfunction. This is particularly evident in primary mitral regurgitation (MR), which invariably results in eccentric hypertrophy and left ventricular (LV) failure in the absence of timely valve repair or replacement. The mechanism of LV dysfunction in primary severe MR is entirely unknown.

Methods:
Here, we developed the first mouse model of severe MR. Valvular damage was achieved by severing the mitral valve leaflets and chords with iridectomy scissors, and MR was confirmed by echocardiography. Serial echocardiography was performed to follow up LV morphology and systolic function. Analysis of cardiac tissues was subsequently performed to evaluate valve deformation, cardiomyocyte morphology, LV fibrosis, and cell death. Finally, dysregulated pathways were assessed by RNA-sequencing analysis and immunofluorescence.

Results:
In the ensuing 15 weeks after the induction of MR, gradual LV dilatation and dysfunction occurred, resulting in severe systolic dysfunction. Further analysis revealed that severe MR resulted in a marked increase in cardiac mass and increased cardiomyocyte length but not width, with electron microscopic evidence of sarcomere disarray and the development of sarcomere disruption. From a mechanistic standpoint, severe MR resulted in activation of multiple components of both the mammalian target of rapamycin and calcineurin pathways. Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling preserved sarcomeric structure and prevented LV remodeling and systolic dysfunction. Immunohistochemical analysis uncovered a differential pattern of expression of the cell polarity regulator Crb2 (crumbs homolog 2) along the longitudinal axis of cardiomyocytes and close to the intercalated disks in the MR hearts. Electron microscopy images demonstrated a significant increase in polysome localization in close proximity to the intercalated disks and some areas along the longitudinal axis in the MR hearts.

Conclusions:
These results indicate that LV dysfunction in response to severe MR is a form of maladaptive eccentric cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and outline the link between cell polarity regulation and spatial localization protein synthesis as a pathway for directional cardiomyocyte growth.
Between Islamic Learning and Philological Nationalism: Mullah Mahmûdê Bayazîdî’s Auto-ethnography of the Kurds
Authors: Leezenberg Michiel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article deals with the ethnographic and philological works of the nineteenth-century Kurdish scholar Mullah Mahmûdê Bayazîdî, which mark a crucial stage in the history of vernacular Kurdish-language learning. It turns out that Bayazîdî, although working in the service of the then Russian consul, Auguste Jaba, cannot be called either a “native informant” nor an “orientalist scholar”. After providing some historical background, I discuss Bayazîdî’s main writings and their significance. I then discuss his conceptions of language, literature, local tradition or culture, and history, concluding that none of these bears any traces of modern Western philology or romantic nationalism. Hence, his work cannot be qualified as “internalized orientalism”, but, as it is written in a vernacular language, neither can it be wholly assimilated to classical Islamic learning.
Women’s Participation in Informal Peace Processes
Authors: Dayal Anjali Kaushlesh , Christien Agathe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Women’s greater presence in informal peace processes is often noted in works on peace processes, but there has been little systematic evidence about this involvement. This article is the first systematic study of women’s participation in informal peace processes. We find that women are a significant presence in civil society efforts to forge peace outside formal negotiation rooms: nearly three-fourths of identifiable informal peace processes have clear evidence of involvement from women’s groups. This research indicates that women advocate to be included in formal peace processes, work to legitimate formal negotiations and organize for peace, advocate for the inclusion of women’s rights issues in the final peace agreement, provide information on human rights violations to participants in the formal peace process, engage in local conflict resolution, and advocate as partisans for one or another side in the conflict.
The Humanitarian Gap in the Global Sanctions Regime
Authors: Mallard Grégoire , Sabet Farzan , Sun Jin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Since the late 1990s, targeted sanctions and general humanitarian sanctions exemptions have aimed at avoiding the disastrous humanitarian consequences of comprehensive sanctions. In parallel, global banks in charge of administering the international trade of vital goods (food and medicine) have received guidance on how to implement risk-based approaches to avoid completely blockading sanctioned jurisdictions. But these efforts have failed. This article asks: Why has the governance of sanctions and sanctions exemption failed, and what can be done to fix the problem? It argues that a hybrid form of governance in the field of sanctions is responsible for current humanitarian problems. Based on more than eighty interviews with treasury officials, sanctions experts, compliance officers, and others, and taking the international trade of vital goods in Iran as an example, this article assesses various fixes to the governance failures and solutions to address the payment problems that exporters of vital goods in sanctioned jurisdictions face.
A Padshah like Manu: Political Advice for Akbar in the Persian Mahābhārata
Authors: Truschke Audrey 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the late sixteenth century, the Mughal Emperor Akbar sponsored the translation of more than one dozen Sanskrit texts into Persian, chief among them the Mahābhārata. The epic was retitled the Razmnāma (Book of War) in Persian and rapidly became a seminal work of Mughal imperial culture. Within the Razmnāma, the Mughal translators devoted particular attention to sections on political advice. They rendered book twelve (out of eighteen books), the Śānti Parvan (Book of Peace), into Persian at disproportionate length to the rest of the text and singled out parts of this section to adorn with quotations of Persian poetry. Book twelve also underwent significant transformations in terms of its content as Mughal thinkers reframed the Mahābhārata’s views on ethics and sovereignty in light of their own imperial interests. I analyze this section of the Razmnāma in comparison to the original Sanskrit epic and argue that the Mughal translators reformulated parts of the Mahābhārata’s political advice in both style and substance in order to speak directly to Emperor Akbar. The type of advice that emerged offers substantial insight into the political values that Mughal elites sought to cultivate through translating a Sanskrit work on kingship.
Using Photovoice as Methodology, Pedagogy and Assessment Tool in Education: Graduate Students’ Experiences and Reflections
Authors: WANG Ting 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Participatory visual methods are increasingly used in various disciplines. This article focuses on using photovoice as a methodology, pedagogy and participatory assessment tool in education through Chinese graduate students’ experiences with a photovoice project. The study investigated the efficacy of photovoice as a pedagogical and assessment tool, and the utility of photovoice as a participatory visual research method to examine impacts of globalization on China. A group of sixty Chinese students who studied an Australian transnational Master of Education program participated in this photovoice project. Analysis of the participants’ photographs, narratives, and reflections provided evidence that photovoice can be employed as an effective pedagogical and assessment tool. The findings showed that photovoice related learning was emancipatory and transformative. Photovoice offered opportunities for the participants to deepen understanding and enhance critical consciousness. The study suggests that photovoice as a participatory research methodology has educational and cultural appropriateness for Chinese students.
Photovoice Data Analysis: Critical Approach, Phenomenological Approach, and Beyond
Authors: TSANG Kwok Kuen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Photovoice is a visual method that has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of education and social sciences in general. However, there are a number of methodological challenges in photovoice research and one of the challenges facing the researchers is the data analysis procedure. This article proposes a strategy for researchers to handle photovoice data analysis which consists of four stages, including a photograph analysis based on the researcher’s interpretations, a photograph analysis based on the participants’ interpretations, a cross-comparison, and theorization. According to the strategy, researchers should analyze both visual data (participants’ voice) and narrative data (interview data) based on their perspectives as well as those of participants in attempt to generate a more credible visual and narrative explanation and theorization of the phenomenon.
Application of a Hybrid ARIMA–SVR Model Based on the SPI for the Forecast of Drought—A Case Study in Henan Province, China
Authors: Xu Dehe , Zhang Qi , Ding Yan , Huang Huiping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDrought forecasts could effectively reduce the risk of drought. Data-driven models are suitable forecast tools because of their minimal information requirements. The motivation for this study is that because most data-driven models, such as autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models, can capture linear relationships but cannot capture nonlinear relationships they are insufficient for long-term prediction. The hybrid ARIMA–support vector regression (SVR) model proposed in this paper is based on the advantages of a linear model and a nonlinear model. The multiscale standard precipitation indices (SPI: SPI1, SPI3, SPI6, and SPI12) were forecast and compared using the ARIMA model and the hybrid ARIMA–SVR model. The performance of all models was compared using measures of persistence, such as the coefficient of determination, root-mean-square error, mean absolute error, Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient, and kriging interpolation method in the ArcGIS software. The results show that the prediction accuracies of the multiscale SPI of the combined ARIMA–SVR model and the single ARIMA model were related to the time scale of the index, and they gradually increase with an increase in time scale. The predicted value decreases with increase in lead time. Comparing the measured data with the predicted data from the model shows that the combined ARIMA–SVR model had higher prediction accuracy than the single ARIMA model and that the predicted results 1–2 months ahead show reasonably good agreement with the actual data.
Diurnal Cycling of Submesoscale Dynamics: Lagrangian Implications in Drifter Observations and Model Simulations of the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Sun Daoxun , Bracco Annalisa , Barkan Roy , Berta Maristella , Dauhajre Daniel , Molemaker M. Jeroen , Choi Jun , Liu Guangpeng , Griffa Annalisa , McWilliams James C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe diurnal cycling of submesoscale circulations in vorticity, divergence, and strain is investigated using drifter data collected as part of the Lagrangian Submesoscale Experiment (LASER) experiment, which took place in the northern Gulf of Mexico during winter 2016, and ROMS simulations at different resolutions and degree of realism. The first observational evidence of a submesoscale diurnal cycle is presented. The cycling is detected in the LASER data during periods of weak winds, whereas the signal is obscured during strong wind events. Results from ROMS in the most realistic setup and in sensitivity runs with idealized wind patterns demonstrate that wind bursts disrupt the submesoscale diurnal cycle, independently of the time of day at which they happen. The observed and simulated submesoscale diurnal cycle supports the existence of a shift of approximately 1–3 h between the occurrence of divergence and vorticity maxima, broadly in agreement with theoretical predictions. The amplitude of the modeled signal, on the other hand, always underestimates the observed one, suggesting that even a horizontal resolution of 500 m is insufficient to capture the strength of the observed variability in submesoscale circulations. The paper also presents an evaluation of how well the diurnal cycle can be detected as function of the number of Lagrangian particles. If more than 2000 particle triplets are considered, the diurnal cycle is well captured, but for a number of triplets comparable to that of the LASER analysis, the reconstructed diurnal cycling displays high levels of noise both in the model and in the observations.
The AST/ALT (De Ritis) ratio predicts clinical outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer treated with first-line nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine: post hoc analysis of an Austrian multicenter, noninterventional study
Authors: Riedl Jakob Michael , Posch Florian , Prager Gerald , Eisterer Wolfgang , Oehler Leopold , Sliwa Thamer , Wilthoner Klaus , Petzer Andreas , Pichler Petra , Hubmann Eva , Winder Thomas , Burgstaller Sonja , Korger Markus , Andel Johannes , Greil Richard , Neumann Hans-Joerg , Pecherstorfer Martin , Philipp-Abbrederis Kathrin , Djanani Angela , Gruenberger Birgit , Laengle Friedrich , Wöll Ewald , Gerger Armin 
Published: April 2020

Background: The pretreatment De Ritis ratio [aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT)] has been shown to be an adverse prognostic marker in various cancer entities. However, its relevance to advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not yet been studied. In the present study we investigated the AST/ALT ratio as a possible predictor of treatment response and disease outcome in patients with advanced PDAC treated with first-line gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel. Methods: A post hoc analysis of a prospective, multicenter, noninterventional study was performed. A total of 202 patients with advanced PDAC treated with first-line gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel for whom the AST/ALT ratio was measured were included in this analysis. Results: Median and 1-year progression-free survival estimates were 4.8 months and 5.1%, respectively in patients with an AST/ALT ratio above the 75th percentile of its distribution, and 6.0 months and 18.7%, respectively in patients with an AST/ALT ratio less than or equal to this cutoff, respectively (log-rank p = 0.004). In univariable Cox regression, a doubling of the AST/ALT ratio was associated with a 1.4-fold higher relative risk of progression or death [hazard ratio = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.80, p = 0.017]. The prognostic association was also found in multivariable analysis adjusting for Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and lung metastases (hazard ratio per AST/ALT ratio doubling = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.00–1.75, p = 0.047). In treatment response analysis, a doubling of the AST/ALT ratio was associated with a 0.5-fold lower odds of objective response (odds ratio = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31–0.94, p = 0.020). Conclusions: The pretreatment serum AST/ALT ratio predicts poor disease outcome and response rate in patients with advanced PDAC treated with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel and might represent a novel and inexpensive marker for individual risk assessment in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.