bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-administration of medication during hospitalization—a randomized pilot study
Authors: Sørensen Charlotte Arp , Olesen Charlotte , Lisby Marianne , Enemark Ulrika , de Thurah Annette 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Self-administration of medication (SAM) during hospitalization is a complex intervention where patients are involved in their course of treatment. The study aim was to pilot test the SAM intervention. The objectives were to assess the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial on the safety and cost-consequences of SAM during hospitalization.

Methods
The study was performed in a Danish cardiology unit.
Patients ≥ 18 years capable of self-administering medication during hospitalization were eligible. Patients were excluded if they did not self-administer medication at home, were incapable of self-administering medication, were not prescribed medication suitable for self-administration, did not bring their medication, or were unable to speak Danish.
Feasibility was assessed as part of the pilot study. A future randomized controlled trial was considered feasible if it was possible to recruit 60 patients within 3 months, if outcome measurement method was capable of detecting dispensing errors in both groups, and if patients in the intervention group were more satisfied with the medication management during hospitalization compared to the control group.
Forty patients were recruited to gain experience about the intervention (self-administration). Additionally, 20 patients were randomized to the intervention or control group (nurse-led dispensing) to gain experience about the randomization procedure.
Dispensing error proportions were based on data collected through disguised observation of patients and nurses during dispensing. The error proportion in the control group was used for the sample size calculation. Patient acceptability was assessed through telephone calls.

Results
Of the 60 patients recruited, one withdrew and 11 were discharged before observation resulting in analysis of 39 patients in the intervention group and nine in the control group. A dispensing error proportion of 3.4% was found in the intervention group and 16.1% in the control group. A total of 91.7% of patients in the intervention group and 66.7% in the control group were highly satisfied with the medication management during hospitalization. The overall protocol worked as planned. Minor changes in exclusion criteria, intervention, and outcome measures were considered.

Conclusions
It may be feasible to perform a pragmatic randomized controlled trial of the safety and cost-consequences of self-administration of medication during hospitalization.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03541421, retrospectively registered on 30 May 2018.
COVID-19 pandemic preparation: using simulation for systems-based learning to prepare the largest healthcare workforce and system in Canada
Authors: Dubé Mirette , Kaba Alyshah , Cronin Theresa , Barnes Sue , Fuselli Tara , Grant Vincent 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHealthcare resources have been strained to previously unforeseeable limits as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. This has prompted the emergence of critical just-in-time COVID-19 education, including rapid simulation preparedness, evaluation and training across all healthcare sectors. Simulation has been proven to be pivotal for both healthcare provider learning and systems integration in the context of testing and integrating new processes, workflows, and rapid changes to practice (e.g., new cognitive aids, checklists, protocols) and changes to the delivery of clinical care. The individual, team, and systems learnings generated from proactive simulation training is occurring at unprecedented volume and speed in our healthcare system. Establishing a clear process to collect and report simulation outcomes has never been more important for staff and patient safety to reduce preventable harm. Our provincial simulation program in the province of Alberta, Canada (population = 4.37 million; geographic area = 661,848 km2), has rapidly responded to this need by leading the intake, design, development, planning, and co-facilitation of over 400 acute care simulations across our province in both urban and rural Emergency Departments, Intensive Care Units, Operating Rooms, Labor and Delivery Units, Urgent Care Centers, Diagnostic Imaging and In-patient Units over a 5-week period to an estimated 30,000 learners of real frontline team members. Unfortunately, the speed at which the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged in Canada may prevent healthcare sectors in both urban and rural settings to have an opportunity for healthcare teams to participate in just-in-time in situ simulation-based learning prior to a potential surge of COVID-19 patients. Our coordinated approach and infrastructure have enabled organizational learnings and the ability to theme and categorize a mass volume of simulation outcome data, primarily from acute care settings to help all sectors further anticipate and plan. The goal of this paper is to share the unique features and advantages of using a centralized provincial simulation response team, preparedness using learning and systems integration methods, and to share the highest risk and highest frequency outcomes from analyzing a mass volume of COVID-19 simulation data across the largest health authority in Canada.
Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modelling study of some novel carboxamide series as new anti-tubercular agents
Authors: Abdullahi Mustapha , Adeniji Shola Elijah , Arthur David Ebuka , Musa Shuaibu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
QSAR modelling was performed on thirty-five (35) newly discovered compounds of N-(2-phenoxy) ethyl imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine-3-carboxamide (IPA) to predict their biological activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB-H37Rv strain) by using some numerical data derived from structural and chemical features (descriptors) of the compounds.

Results
At first, the structure of the compounds was accurately drawn and optimized using the Spartan 14 software at DFT level of theory with B3LYP/6-31G** basis set in a vacuum. The diverse chemometric descriptors were computed from the optimized structures using the PaDEL descriptors software, and the division of the dataset into training and test sets was done based on Kennard-Stone’s algorithm. Five (5) models were generated from the training set using genetic function approximation, and model 1 was chosen as the best due to its robust internal and external validation metrics (R2train = 0.8563, R2adjusted = 0.8185, PRESS = 3.5724, average $$ {\overline{R}}_m^2 $$

R
¯

m
2

(LOO-train) = 0.6751, Q2cv = 0.7534, $$ {R}_{\mathrm{pred}}^2= $$

R
pred
2

=
0.7543, R2test = 0.6993) which passed the model criteria of acceptability. 6-Bromo-N-(2-(4-bromophenoxy) ethyl)-2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a] pyridine-3-carboxamide (compound 13) was used as the structural template for the in silico design due to its high pMIC, and it is within the model’s chemical space.

Conclusion
Based on the information obtained from model 1, six (6) designed compounds with higher anti-tubercular activity were obtained. Furthermore, the ADME and drug-likeness prediction of the designed molecules showed good pharmacokinetic properties which indicate the application prospect of these compounds as novel MTB-H37Rv inhibitors. This research could help the medicinal chemists and pharmaceutical practitioners in future designing and development of more potent drug candidates.

Graphical abstract
Amplatzer vascular plug in renal artery embolization: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Catelli Antonio , Loiudice Giovanni , Corvino Antonio , Bracale Umberto Marcello , Quarantelli Mario , Venetucci Pietro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Arterial embolization constitutes a safe and effective therapeutic possibility in the treatment of numerous renal pathologies in election and in urgency. Over the years, numerous embolizing materials have been proposed: fibrin (temporary occlusion), glues, coils, and microspheres. The use of St. Jude Amplatzer vascular plug (AVP) constitutes a more recent and less widespread therapeutic choice, and its use in the renal district is not yet widespread although potentially very valid.

Case presentation
We present 3 renal arterial embolizations performed with AVP performed between January 2019 and February 2020: two patients had a very bulky renal heteroplastic lesion and were candidates for nephrectomy, and a third patient instead was affected by a high-flow FAV post-biopsy. In our experience, the use of AVP for the treatment of renal arteriovenous fistula and neoplastic masses has given excellent results without any complications during and after the treatment. In all cases, a single plug was used which perfectly adapted to the target artery resulting in complete occlusion of the vessel in a short time.

Conclusion
Renal artery embolization performed with AVP has growing potential and numerous advantages in terms of the time of the procedure, speed of embolization, and precision of occlusion, but with a relative increase in costs.
The health and economic impact of implementation strategies for improving detection of hereditary cancer patients—protocol for an in-depth cost-effectiveness evaluation with microsimulation modelling
Authors: Morrow April , Parkinson Bonny , Kang Yoon-Jung , Hogden Emily , Canfell Karen , Taylor Natalie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients with Lynch syndrome (an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome) remain largely underdiagnosed despite clinically and cost-effective testing strategies to detect patients. This is largely due to poor referral rates for high-risk patients for consideration of genetic testing. Targeted approaches to improve the implementation of guidelines and thus uptake rates of genetic testing require the use of limited and valuable healthcare resources. Decision makers must carefully balance the potential health impacts of implementation approaches against the associated costs, similar to when assessing the direct impact of health interventions. This protocol outlines the methods used to conduct an economic evaluation of different implementation approaches aimed at improving referral rates of high-risk patients, including estimating implementation approach costs.

Methods
A cluster randomised controlled trial (the Hide and Seek Project, HaSP) is underway to compare two different implementation approaches aimed at improving referral rates, and thus detection, of Lynch syndrome among colorectal cancer patients across eight Australian hospital networks. An in-depth process evaluation is being conducted alongside the trial and includes measures to collect comprehensive data on both implementation and intervention costs. These costs, in addition to HaSP outcome data, will be incorporated as inputs into an existing microsimulation model—Policy1-Lynch—to project the downstream economic and health impacts and determine the more cost-effective implementation approach from the Australian healthcare perspective.

Discussion
The ability to model the impact of different implementation approaches will enable the most efficient way of improving Lynch syndrome detection. The approach used in this study could also be applied to assess other implementation approaches aimed at increasing the uptake of cost-effective health interventions.

Trial registration
ANZCTR, ACTRN12618001072202. Registered on 27 June 2018.
Premigration social adversity and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Augereau Natacha , Lagdas Ines , Kermarrec Solenn , Gicquel Ludovic , Martin Virginie , Xavier Jean , Cohen David , Bouvet Michel , Rolland Anne-Catherine , Tordjman Sylvie 
Published: August 2020

Background
Several studies suggest significant relationships between migration and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but there are discrepant results. Given that no studies to date have included a pathological control group, the specificity of the results in ASD can be questioned.

Aims
To compare the migration experience (premigration, migratory trip, postmigration) in ASD and non-ASD pathological control groups, and study the relationships between migration and autism severity.

Method
Parents’ and grandparents’ migrant status was compared in 30 prepubertal boys with ASD and 30 prepubertal boys without ASD but with language disorders, using a questionnaire including Human Development Index (HDI)/Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) of native countries. Autism severity was assessed using the Child Autism Rating Scale, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised scales.

Results
The parents’ and grandparents’ migrant status frequency did not differ between ASD and control groups and was not associated with autism severity. The HDI/IHDI values of native countries were significantly lower for parents and grandparents of children with ASD compared with the controls, especially for paternal grandparents. Furthermore, HDI/IDHI levels from the paternal line (father and especially paternal grandparents) were significantly negatively correlated with autism severity, particularly for social interaction impairments.

Conclusions
In this study, parents’ and/or grandparents’ migrant status did not discriminate ASD and pathological control groups and did not contribute either to autism severity. However, the HDI/IHDI results suggest that social adversity-related stress experienced in native countries, especially by paternal grandparents, is potentially a traumatic experience that may play a role in ASD development. A ‘premigration theory of autism’ is then proposed.
Afrocentrism, national interest and citizen welfare in Nigeria’s foreign policy maneuvers
Authors: Mbara George Chimdi , Gopal Nirmala 
Published: August 2020

Background: Nigeria’s former Prime Minister, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, in his addresses of August and October 1, 1960, declared Africa as the centrepiece of Nigeria’s foreign policy. This policy thrust has remained a constant variable in the country’s diplomatic engagements over the years. The doctrine of Afrocentrism is predicated on the supposed manifest leadership role placed on Nigeria by nature. This made her leaders define Africa’s interest as Nigeria’s national interest, a development that has been contended to have no empirical bearing on the welfare of Nigerians thereby generating intense scrutiny. Consequently, this study evaluates the impact of Nigeria’s Afrocentric foreign policy thrust on the welfare of the ordinary Nigerians. The study further analyses the country’s gravitation towards citizen-centred diplomacy in 2007. These will help in comprehending the interaction between national interest and foreign policy in Nigeria, and to identify whose interests have been protected the most in Nigeria’s foreign policy pursuit – that of the ordinary citizens or the elites? Methods: Through the qualitative research method, in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with Key Informants (KIs) for data collection. Responses from field study are merged with other primary and secondary sources of data to provide an incisive and balanced analysis that is premised on political realism. Results: Findings indicate that Nigeria’s international generosity and leadership role has never been predicated on a clear vision of national interest. Notwithstanding the flaws in Nigeria’s foreign policy over the years, this study also discovered that the outcome has not been a total failure as some respondents maintain. Conclusions: With the nation’s gravitation towards citizen-centred diplomacy, it is hoped that the country will put the interest of its citizens first in her policy pursuits.
Incisional hernia formation in hepatobiliary surgery using transverse and hybrid incisions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Davey S , Rajaretnem N , Harji D , Rees J , Messenger D , Smart NJ , Pathak S 
Published: August 2020

Introduction Evidence suggests that midline incisions should be closed with the small-bite technique to reduce IH formation. No recommendations exist for the closure of transverse incisions used in hepatobiliary surgery. This work systematically summarises rates of IH formation and associated technical factors for these transverse incisions. Methods A systematic search was undertaken. Studies describing the incidence of IH were included. Incisions were classified as transverse (two incision types) or hybrid (transverse with midline extension, comprising five incision types). The primary outcome measure was the pooled proportion of IH. Subgroup analysis based on minimum follow-up of two years and a priori definition of IH with clinical and radiological diagnosis was undertaken. Findings Thirteen studies were identified and included 5,427 patients; 1,427 patients (26.3%) underwent surgery for benign conditions, 3,465 (63.8%) for malignancy and 535 (9.9%) for conditions that were not stated or classified as ‘other’. The pooled incidence of IH was 6.0% (2.0–10.0%) at a weighted mean follow-up of 17.5 months in the transverse group, compared with 15.0% (11.0–19.0%) at a weighted mean follow-up of 42.0 months in the hybrid group (p = 0.045). Subgroup analysis did not demonstrate a statistical difference in IH formation between the hybrid versus transverse groups. Conclusion Owing to the limitations in study design and heterogeneity, there is limited evidence to guide incision choice and methods of closure in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery. There is an urgent need for a high-quality prospective cohort study to understand the techniques used and their outcomes, to inform future research.
Improving pain management for children having dental extractions under general anaesthesia
Authors: Marshall S , Ondhia A , Mearns C , Kandiah T 
Published: August 2020

Children provided with general anaesthesia for dental extractions at East Surrey Hospital were audited to determine the percentage of children who were prescribed adequate pain management in accordance with guidance published by the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Three audit cycles were completed. Data were collected retrospectively through case note review. The results from the first cycle showed that only 47% of children were prescribed with a recommended analgesic regimen. Implementation of change included the development of a protocol for analgesic delivery, which was disseminated to the anaesthetic and dental teams. Full compliance with the audit standards was then demonstrated in the second and third cycles. This audit demonstrates the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in order to provide high standards of care for children undergoing dental extractions under general anaesthesia. The protocol developed could be applied to other surgical day case procedures for children to improve the patient experience.
Proof-of-concept Talbot–Lau x-ray interferometry with a high-intensity, high-repetition-rate, laser-driven K-alpha source
Authors: Bouffetier V. , Ceurvorst L. , Valdivia M. P. , Dorchies F. , Hulin S. , Goudal T. , Stutman D. , Casner A. 
Published: August 2020

Talbot–Lau x-ray interferometry is a grating-based phase-contrast
technique, which enables measurement of refractive index changes in
matter with micrometric spatial resolution. The technique has been
established using a variety of hard x-ray sources, including
synchrotron, free-electron lasers, and x-ray tubes, and could be used
in the optical range for low-density plasmas. The tremendous
development of table-top high-power lasers makes the use of
high-intensity, laser-driven K-alpha sources appealing for Talbot–Lau
interferometer applications in both high-energy-density plasma
experiments and biological imaging. To this end, we present the first,
to the best of our knowledge, feasibility study of Talbot–Lau
phase-contrast imaging using a high-repetition-rate laser of moderate
energy (100 mJ at a repetition rate of 10 Hz) to irradiate a copper
backlighter foil. The results from up to 900 laser pulses were
integrated to form interferometric images. A constant fringe contrast
of 20% is demonstrated over 100 accumulations, while the
signal-to-noise ratio continued to increase with the number of shots.
Phase retrieval is demonstrated without prior ex-situ phase stepping.
Instead, correlation matrices are used to compensate for the
displacement between reference acquisition and the probing of a PMMA
target rod. The steps for improved measurements with more energetic
laser systems are discussed. The final results are in good agreement
with the theoretically predicted outcomes, demonstrating the
applicability of this diagnostic to a range of laser facilities for
use across several disciplines.
In-situ regeneration of P-doped optical fiber dosimeter
Authors: Li Vecchi Gaetano , Di Francesca Diego , Kadi Yacine , Ricci Daniel , Brugger Markus , Campanella Cosimo , Alessi Antonino , Ouerdane Youcef , Girard Sylvain 
Published: August 2020

We demonstrate the feasibility of resetting and reusing dosimeters exploiting the measurement of the infrared radiation-induced attenuation (IR-RIA) in phosphosilicate optical fibers (OFs) to provide point or distributed dose measurements in radiation environments. To bleach the room temperature stable IR-RIA, we used the photobleaching (PB) phenomenon. The PB efficiency was evaluated for different wavelengths in the [400–1100] nm range. The best identified PB resetting condition consists in using a continuous-wave Argon-ion laser at 514 nm. This treatment successfully bleached

∼

97

%

of the IR-RIA at 1550 nm of a 30 m-long P-doped single mode optical fiber X-ray irradiated at a dose of 100 Gy. Successive re-irradiations of the same OF sample, regenerated after each run, confirm that the dosimeter keeps the same calibration curve during the whole process.
The Digital Banal: New Media and American Literature and Culture, Zara Dinnen (2018)
Authors: Loewy Monika 
Published: August 2020

Review of: The Digital Banal: New Media and American Literature and Culture, Zara Dinnen (2018)
New York: Columbia University Press, 223 pp.,
ISBN 023-1-18428-X, h/bk, £50.00