bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inadequate Reporting of Analytical Characteristics of Biomarkers Used in Clinical Research: A Threat to Interpretation and Replication of Study Findings
Authors: Sun Qian , Welsh Kerry J , Bruns David E , Sacks David B , Zhao Zhen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Analytical characteristics of methods to measure biomarkers determine how well the methods measure what they claim to measure. Transparent reporting of analytical characteristics allows readers to assess the validity and generalizability of clinical studies in which biomarkers are used. Our aims were to assess the reporting of analytical characteristics of biomarkers used in clinical research and to evaluate the extent of reported characterization procedures for assay precision.

METHODS
We searched 5 medical journals (Annals of Internal Medicine, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, The Lancet, The New England Journal of Medicine, and PLOS Medicine) over a 10-year period for the term “biomarker” in the full-text field. We included studies in which biomarkers were used for inclusion/exclusion of study participants, for patient classification, or as a study outcome. We tabulated the frequencies of reporting of 11 key analytical characteristics (such as analytical accuracy of test results) in the included studies.

RESULTS
A total of 544 studies and 1299 biomarker uses met the inclusion criteria. No information on analytical characteristics was reported for 67% of the biomarkers. For 65 biomarkers (3%), ≥4 characteristics were reported (range, 4–8). The manufacturer of the measurement procedure could not be determined for 688 (53%) of the 1299 biomarkers. The extent of assessments of assay imprecision, when reported, did not meet expectations for clinical use of biomarkers.

CONCLUSIONS
Reporting of the analytical performance of biomarker measurements is variable and often absent from published clinical studies. We suggest that readers need fuller reporting of analytical characteristics to interpret study results, assess generalizability of conclusions, and compare results among clinical studies.
O Conselho da Revolução e a imprensa (1976-1982)
Authors: Castaño David 
Published: October 2019

Após a transição revolucionária (1974-1976), Portugal entrou numa nova fase, a da transição constitucional, que se prolongou entre 1976 e 1982. Durante estes seis anos, além dos tradicionais órgãos de soberania existentes nos regimes democráticos pluralistas, manteve-se em funções um órgão de soberania não eleito, composto exclusivamente por militares. Consagrado constitucionalmente na sequência dos dois pactos estabelecidos entre os partidos políticos e os militares responsáveis pelo derrube do anterior regime autoritário, ao Conselho da Revolução foram atribuídos vastos poderes.
Este papel central do Conselho da Revolução fez com que este órgão de soberania tivesse desde cedo atraído as atenções dos média, sector que também se encontrava num profundo processo de mudança e de adaptação aos novos tempos pós-revolucionários.
Este artigo analisa o atribulado relacionamento entre os órgãos de comunicação social e o Conselho da Revolução, revelando os atritos e ameaças à liberdade de imprensa mas também as cumplicidades e alianças estabelecidas.
Difficulties and Rights of Women in Pregnancy of Anencephalic Fetuses
Authors: Castro Eveline Oliveira Girão , Lóssio Neto Cláudio Couto , Melo Antonio Marlos Duarte de , Gonçalves Júnior Jucier , Farias Athena de Albuquerque 
Published: October 2019

Abstract: Despite a series of advances in the establishment of specialized services for women in all regions of the country, many still face great difficulties in accessing abortion services. Even in relation to anencephaly, there are still challenges for the proper structuring of legal abortion services, as it is difficult to identify health professionals available for abortion care permitted by law. This article discusses the issues involved in these cases. It was concluded that, due to the moral and religious stigma, there is a refusal of doctors related to the practice of abortion, despite the existence of Brazilian technical norms that regulate this practice. However, the right to conscientious objection is not necessarily recognized in the absence of another medical professional to assist women when there is a risk of death. Keywords: Anencephaly, Abortion, Women's Rights.
Incidence and Predictors of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease and the Role of Cardiac Troponin Assays in Patients with Unstable Angina
Authors: Yang Sushan , Bhatia Nirmanmoh , Xu Meng , McPherson John A. 
Published: October 2019

In a time when cardiac troponin assays are widely used to detect myocardial injury, data remain scarce concerning the incidence and predictors of substantial obstructive coronary artery disease that causes unstable angina.
This retrospective single-center study included consecutive patients hospitalized for unstable angina from January 2015 through January 2016. Patients with troponin I levels above the upper reference limit and those who did not undergo angiography were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of obstructive coronary artery disease that warranted revascularization and of major adverse cardiac events up to 6 months after discharge from the hospital.
Of the 114 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 46 (40%) had obstructive coronary artery disease. In the univariate analysis, male sex, white race, history of coronary artery disease, prior revascularization, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, aspirin use, long-acting nitrate use, and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction score ≥3 were associated with obstructive coronary artery disease. History of coronary artery disease, prior revascularization, hyperlipidemia, and long-acting nitrate use were associated with major adverse cardiac events. Male sex was an independent predictor of obstructive coronary artery disease (adjusted odds ratio=4.82; 95% CI, 1.79–13; P=0.002) in the multivariate analysis.
Our results showed that coronary artery disease warranting revascularization is present in a considerable proportion of patients who have unstable angina. The association that we found between male sex and obstructive coronary artery disease suggests that the risk stratification of patients presenting with unstable angina may need to be refined to improve outcomes.
Aortic Valve Replacement in 8 Adults with Anomalous Aortic Origin of Coronary Artery
Authors: Alameddine Abdallah K. , Binnall Brian J. , Conlin Frederick T. , Broderick Patrick J. 
Published: October 2019

Patients with anomalous origin of a coronary artery during aortic valve replacement (AVR) are at risk of coronary compromise. Large case series are lacking. In this retrospective study, we review our experience with this condition.
From August 2014 through June 2016, 8 adult patients (mean age, 74 ± 17.5 yr; age range, 33–86 yr; 5 men) with anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery underwent surgical or transcatheter AVR at our institution. Six patients had aortic stenosis; 2 had aortic insufficiency, one of whom had an associated aortic root aneurysm.
In 7 patients, the left anomalous coronary artery originated from the right aortic sinus, and in one, the right coronary artery arose from the left cusp. The anatomic course was revealed by means of 3-dimensional computed tomographic angiography. No patient underwent primary aortic reimplantation of the anomalous artery. Two had the artery mobilized from encircling the annulus too closely and then underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Two high-risk patients underwent transcatheter AVR. After surgical AVR, 2 patients had perioperative myocardial infarction caused by coronary compression, so percutaneous coronary intervention was performed. One patient died of sepsis 3 months after discharge from the hospital.
In our patients, AVR sometimes led to severe perioperative complications. Successful AVR depended on 3-dimensional computed tomographic angiographic findings, individual anatomic variations, and appropriate treatment choices.
Cucumber mosaic virus pada Tanaman Lada di Yogyakarta dan Bangka Belitung
Authors: Uge Emerensiana - , Sulandari Sri , Hartono Sedyo - , Somowiyarjo Susamto - 
Published: October 2019

Cucumber mosaic virus on Black Pepper in Yogyakarta and Bangka BelitungPepper (Piper nigrum) is spice crop which has been cultivated a long time ago in Indonesia. Stunting is one of disease on pepper caused by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The research aimed to diagnose the biological, morphological and nucleaic acid characters of CMV on pepper in Yogyakarta and Bangka Belitung. CMV infection on pepper in both area (Putat dan Kleben village, Yogyakarta and Air Buluh village, Bangka Belitung) showed typical symptoms such as mosaic, narrow leaves and stunting. The disease incidence and disease severity of stunting disease are varies. The virus able to transmitted by cutting, grafting and mechanically on Nicotiana tabacum and Chenopodium amaranticolor. However, it was unable to transmitted mechanically on pepper and by Aphis gossypii. The virus particles were isometric with diameter size 28-30 nm. RT-PCR using coat protein partial gene primer successfully amplified a DNA with size ± 500 bp from all three samples. The homology of nucleotide between three isolates was 98-97%, while the highest homology of those three strains CMV from Yogyakarta and Bangka Belitung was 98% against strains from China in Brassica chinensis. Three strains CMV from pepper were in the same group, and separated from CMV pepper lines from Indonesia and other CMV isolates.
Aktivitas Metabolit Sekunder Cendawan Endofit terhadap Colletotrichum acutatum pada Cabai Merah
Authors: Saryanah Nur Alfi , Wiyono Suryo , Dadang Dadang 
Published: October 2019

Activity of Fungal Endophyte Secondary Metabolites against Colletotrichum acutatum on Chili PepperColletotrichum acutatum is one of anthracnose causal agents on chili pepper that has been reported to be predominant species in a some regions of Java Island. Secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi have been reported to have a potency as antifungal agents against plant pathogen. However, its antifungal activity against C. acutatum has not been reported yet. This study was aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of fungal endophyte secondary metabolite against C. acutatum at in vitro and in vivo assay. In vitro assay was conducted to evaluate antifungal activity of fungal endophyte CBR1D14 isolate culture filtrate (FCBR) and mycelia extract (MCBR) in inhibiting conidial germination of C. acutatum. The results of in vitro assay showed that ethyl acetate extract of FCBR (EA FCBR) had the highest activity in inhibiting C. acutatum conidial germination. Methanol fraction from the partition of EA FCBR (FM FCBR) and from the partition of MCBR ethyl acetate extract (FM MCBR) showed the ability in inhibiting C. acutatum conidial germination. In vivo assay to chili pepper fruit showed that the treatment of FM FCBR (IC95 609.9 µg mL-1) and FM MCBR (IC95 1178.27 µg mL-1) decreased anthracnose disease incidence and lesion diameter. The efficacy rate of FM FCBR and FM MCBR treatments against anthracnose was 36.72 and 48.68%, respectively. Bioautography test was done on silica gel thin layer chromatogram. Methanol fraction of FCBR and MCBR were separated into 3 bioautographic spots respectively (Rf 0.04, 0.07, 0.7 for FM FCBR and Rf 0.06, 0.52, 0.7 for FM MCBR).
Solution of a Moving Boundary Problem for Soybean Hydration by Numerical Approximation
Authors: Gulen Seda , Ozis Turgut 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mass or heat transfer may cause volume variation, and the food hydration model is one of them that undergoes hydration (or drying) conveying volume change. In this paper, the numerical approximate solution based on an integral method has been presented for soybean hydration model. Trace of the moving boundary and unknown moisture content at the center of the grain have been determined. The obtained results are well matched with numerical solutions in the literature.
Analysis of AWG-Based Optical Data Center Switches
Authors: Singh Preeti , Rai J.K. , Sharma Ajay K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Optical packet switching (OPS) is an emerging area of research in next-generation datacenter applications. There is an exponential growth in the internet traffic due to applications such as social networking, cloud computing, video streaming, etc. Fiber optical network plays a critical role in various data center (DC) operations. Large bandwidth of the optical fiber made OPS, a promising technology for DCs. Arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) are used more frequently in the core of optical packet switches due to its low insertion loss and wavelength dependent routing pattern. Optical switching function can be performed by AWG if each input port is properly equipped with Tunable wavelength converters (TWCs). This paper presents analysis of four optical packet switches namely AWG and Feedback Loop Buffer based switch, AWG and Electronic Memory based switch, Petabit Optical Switch, AWG and Feedback Loop Buffer Loss Compensated based Switch. Switches are analyzed for Bit Error Rate (BER) and energy consumption. The power and noise analysis is performed for calculating the total power required for correct operation of switch and to determine the BER using physical layer analysis. Minimum power level is determined so that received bits are decoded correctly. Energy consumption per bit is also evaluated to identify architecture consuming less energy in the considered architectures.
Synthesis and crystal structure of bis{5-fluorine-2-(((4-(1-(methoxy-imino)ethyl)phenyl) imino)methyl)phenolato-κ2
N,O}copper(II), C32H28CuF2N4O4
Authors: Zhao Ji-Xing , Wu Qin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
C32H28CuF2N4O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.5489(3) Å, b = 6.2601(1) Å, c = 21.3299(7) Å, β = 99.401(1)°, V = 1389.65(6) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0312, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0849, T = 173(2) K.
The influences of chlorhexidine and modified galactomannan additions on the physical and antibacterial properties of paper
Authors: Liu Bingbing , Yuan Qi , Song Xian-Liang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the present study, antibacterial paper was prepared by mixing chlorhexidine with modified galactomannan. The effects of the oxidation time and citric acid dosages in the modification processes on the physical properties of the paper samples were examined. Also, the effects of the antibacterial agent dosages on the antibacterial properties were studied. The results showed that when the oxidation time was 5 hours, the tensile index, bursting index, and folding endurance increased by 18.4 %, 31.9 %, and 200.0 %, respectively, when compared with the control paper. Also, when the amount of citric acid was 7 %, the tensile index, bursting index, and the folding endurance increased by 20.3 %, 36.6 %, and 195.1 %, respectively, when compared with the control paper. The paper with two modified polysaccharides displayed antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This study’s elemental analysis results indicated that when the amount of chlorhexidine was 2 %, its retention in paper with oxidized or esterified galactomannans was 1.74 % and 1.59 %, respectively. Furthermore, the SEM results showed that the structures of the bacteria around the inhibition zone were damaged and their activities had been inhibited.
Hegel’s Phenomenology: On the Logical Structure of Human Experience
Authors: Carew Joseph 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
I argue that Hegel’s Phenomenology is an attempt to prove that human experience displays a sui generis logical structure. This is because, as rational animals who instinctively create a universe of meaning to navigate our environment, the perceptual content of our conscious experience of objects, the desires that motivate our self-conscious experience of action, and the beliefs and values that make up our sociohistorical experience all testify to the presence of rationality as their condition of possibility. As such, Hegel’s Phenomenology not only requires of us that we transform the mission of logic into a description of the immanent logic at the basis of human experience, thereby making the task of logic “anthropological.” It also presents us with a novel model of human experience—one that: demonstrates the rationality already instinctively at work in our bodily sensations, perceptions, and desires; gives an account of the origins of human society and history; and also makes human experience irreducible to cognitive processes in the brain, psychological mechanisms, and the biological imperatives of survival and reproduction.
Influence of temperature dependence on the structural characteristics of polyoxymethylene/poly(lactic acid) blends by injection molding
Authors: Boonlertsamut Jitlada , Mathurosemontri Suchalinee , Thumsorn Supaphorn , Umemura Toshikazu , Sakuma Atsushi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this research, different strategies to modify the structure of polymer blends were investigated with the objective of adjusting the composition of polyoxymethylene (POM) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) under typical processing conditions. POM shows a good balance of mechanical and thermal properties. However, this polymer is obtained from petrochemical sources, and in some markets, environmentally friendly materials are important. Blending POM with PLA preserves the advantages of POM while ensuring the bio-based content of PLA. POM/PLA blends were prepared by an injection molding process with various injection speeds of 10, 50, 100, and 1000 mm/s to ensure high ductility. Mechanical property analysis showed that the PLA content and processing temperatures are highly effective in modifying the stiffness of POM/PLA blends. The effect of crystallization on POM/PLA blends was assessed by varying the annealing time. High-magnification scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the gaps between fibrillar regions represent the growth direction of the PLA phase before it was removed. This was evidence for the effect of PLA on the crystallization of POM. The crystal size and crystalline volume also affected the structural characteristics of POM/PLA blends.
Distinct Waking States for Strong Evoked Responses in Primary Visual Cortex and Optimal Visual Detection Performance
Authors: Neske Garrett T. , Nestvogel Dennis , Steffan Paul J. , McCormick David A. 
Published: October 2019

Variability in cortical neuronal responses to sensory stimuli and in perceptual decision making performance is substantial. Moment-to-moment fluctuations in waking state or arousal can account for much of this variability. Yet, this variability is rarely characterized across the full spectrum of waking states, leaving the characteristics of the optimal state for sensory processing unresolved. Using pupillometry in concert with extracellular multiunit and intracellular whole-cell recordings, we found that the magnitude and reliability of visually evoked responses in primary visual cortex (V1) of awake, passively behaving male mice increase as a function of arousal and are largest during sustained locomotion periods. During these high-arousal, sustained locomotion periods, cortical neuronal membrane potential was at its most depolarized and least variable. Contrastingly, behavioral performance of mice on two distinct visual detection tasks was generally best at a range of intermediate arousal levels, but worst during high arousal with locomotion. These results suggest that large, reliable responses to visual stimuli in V1 occur at a distinct arousal level from that associated with optimal visual detection performance. Our results clarify the relation between neuronal responsiveness and the continuum of waking states, and suggest new complexities in the relation between primary sensory cortical activity and behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCortical sensory processing strongly depends on arousal. In the mouse visual system, locomotion (associated with high arousal) has previously been shown to enhance the sensory responses of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1). Yet, arousal fluctuates on a moment-to-moment basis, even during quiescent periods. The characteristics of V1 sensory processing across the continuum of arousal are unclear. Furthermore, the arousal level corresponding to optimal visual detection performance is unknown. We show that the magnitude and reliability of sensory-evoked V1 responses are monotonic increasing functions of arousal, and largest during locomotion. Visual detection behavior, however, is suboptimal during high arousal with locomotion, and usually best during intermediate arousal. Our study provides a more complete picture of the dependence of V1 sensory processing on arousal.
Neurovascular Coupling under Chronic Stress Is Modified by Altered GABAergic Interneuron Activity
Authors: Han Kayoung , Min Jiwoong , Lee Myunghee , Kang Bok-Man , Park Taeyoung , Hahn Junghyun , Yei Jaeseung , Lee Juheon , Woo Junsung , Lee C. Justin , Kim Seong-Gi , Suh Minah 
Published: October 2019

Neurovascular coupling (NVC), the interaction between neural activity and vascular response, ensures normal brain function by maintaining brain homeostasis. We previously reported altered cerebrovascular responses during functional hyperemia in chronically stressed animals. However, the underlying neuronal-level changes associated with those hemodynamic changes remained unclear. Here, usingin vivoandex vivoexperiments, we investigate the neuronal origins of altered NVC dynamics under chronic stress conditions in adult male mice. Stimulus-evoked hemodynamic and neural responses, especially beta and gamma-band local field potential activity, were significantly lower in chronically stressed animals, and the NVC relationship, itself, had changed. Further, using acute brain slices, we discovered that the underlying cause of this change was dysfunction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-mediated vascular responses. Using FISH to check the mRNA expression of several GABAergic subtypes, we confirmed that only nNOS mRNA was significantly decreased in chronically stressed mice. Ultimately, chronic stress impairs NVC by diminishing nNOS-mediated vasodilation responses to local neural activity. Overall, these findings provide useful information in understanding NVC dynamics in the healthy brain. More importantly, this study reveals that impaired nNOS-mediated NVC function may be a contributory factor in the progression of stress-related diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe correlation between neuronal activity and cerebral vascular dynamics is defined as neurovascular coupling (NVC), which plays an important role for meeting the metabolic demands of the brain. However, the impact of chronic stress, which is a contributory factor of many cerebrovascular diseases, on NVC is poorly understood. We therefore investigated the effects of chronic stress on impaired neurovascular response to sensory stimulation and their underlying mechanisms. Multimodal approaches, fromin vivohemodynamic imaging and electrophysiology toex vivovascular imaging with pharmacological treatment, patch-clamp recording, FISH, and immunohistochemistry revealed that chronic stress-induced dysfunction of nNOS-expressing interneurons contributes to NVC impairment. These findings will provide useful information to understand the role of nNOS interneurons in NVC in normal and pathological conditions.