bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing gastric volvulus in chest X-ray: report of three cases
Authors: Pandit Narendra , Kumar Abhijeet , Yadav Tek Narayan , Irfan Qamar Alam , Gautam Sujan , Awale Laligen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Gastric volvulus is a rare abnormal rotation of the stomach along its axis. It is a surgical emergency, hence requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent life-threatening gangrenous changes. Hence, a high index of suspicion is required in any patients presenting with an acute abdomen in emergency. The entity can present acutely with pain abdomen and vomiting, or as chronic with non-specific symptoms. Chest X-ray findings to diagnose it may be overlooked in patients with acute abdomen. Here, we report three patients with gastric volvulus, where the diagnosis was based on the chest X-ray findings, confirmed with computed tomography, and managed successfully with surgery.
Novel PKD1 Mutations in Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kim Hyerin , Kim Hyung-Hoi , Chang Chulhun L , Song Sang Heon , Kim Namhee 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic kidney disease. Identifying mutated causative genes can provide diagnostic and prognostic information. In this study, we describe the clinical application of a next generation sequencing (NGS)-based, targeted multi-gene panel test for the genetic diagnosis of patients with ADPKD.

Methods
We applied genetic analysis on 26 unrelated known or suspected patients with ADPKD. A total of 10 genes related to cystic change of kidney were targeted. Detected variants were classified according to standard guidelines.

Results
We identified 19 variants (detection rate: 73.1%), including PKD1 (n = 18) and PKD2 (n = 1). Of the 18 PKD1 variants, 8 were novel.

Conclusion
Multigene panel test can be a comprehensive tool in a clinical setting for genetic diagnosis of ADPKD. It allows us to identify clinically significant novel variants and confirm the diagnosis, and these objectives are difficult to achieve using conventional diagnostic tools.
Oscillations of a coronal plasma slab excited by an external source
Authors: Lopin I , Nagorny I 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The dispersive properties of fast oscillations in a coronal plasma slab are studied. These oscillations are assumed to be generated by an external source, located at a finite distance from the slab. It is shown that the problem reduces to examination of the normal modes of a system, consisting of a slab cavity and a finitely distant rigid boundary. The relation that governs the eigenfrequencies of the system is derived. Both the kink and the sausage modes are excited. The main finding indicates that the principal kink mode is trapped not for all axial wavenumbers. It has a non-zero cut-off wavenumber and can exist either as a trapped mode or as a leaky mode. This cut-off tends to zero for infinitely distant sources, in accordance with the well-known result from the normal mode analysis. The expressions for the frequency and damping rate of the leaky principal kink mode are derived. The effect of a finitely distant rigid boundary on the higher transverse-order kink modes and all the sausage modes is found to be only minor, when the distance between the source and the slab is much more than the transverse size of the slab. The applications of the obtained results in coronal seismology are discussed.
The Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey (PIGS) II: Uncovering the most metal-poor populations in the inner Milky Way
Authors: Arentsen Anke , Starkenburg Else , Martin Nicolas F , Aguado David S , Zucker Daniel B , Allende Prieto Carlos , Hill Vanessa , Venn Kim A , Carlberg Raymond G , González Hernández Jonay I , Mashonkina Lyudmila I , Navarro Julio F , Sánchez-Janssen Rubén , Schultheis Mathias , Thomas Guillaume F , Youakim Kris , Lewis Geraint F , Simpson Jeffrey D , Wan Zhen , Cohen Roger E , Geisler Doug , O’Connell Julia E 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Metal-poor stars are important tools for tracing the early history of the Milky Way, and for learning about the first generations of stars. Simulations suggest that the oldest metal-poor stars are to be found in the inner Galaxy. Typical bulge surveys, however, lack low metallicity ($\rm {[Fe/H]} \lt -1.0$) stars because the inner Galaxy is predominantly metal-rich. The aim of the Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey (PIGS) is to study the metal-poor and very metal-poor (VMP, $\rm {[Fe/H]} \lt -2.0$) stars in this region. In PIGS, metal-poor targets for spectroscopic follow-up are selected from metallicity-sensitive CaHK photometry from the CFHT. This work presents the ∼250 deg2 photometric survey as well as intermediate-resolution spectroscopic follow-up observations for ∼8000 stars using AAOmega on the AAT. The spectra are analysed using two independent tools: ULySS with an empirical spectral library, and FERRE with a library of synthetic spectra. The comparison between the two methods enables a robust determination of the stellar parameters and their uncertainties. We present a sample of 1300 VMP stars – the largest sample of VMP stars in the inner Galaxy to date. Additionally, our spectroscopic data set includes ∼1700 horizontal branch stars, which are useful metal-poor standard candles. We furthermore show that PIGS photometry selects VMP stars with unprecedented efficiency: 86 per cent/80 per cent (lower/higher extinction) of the best candidates satisfy $\rm {[Fe/H]} \lt -2.0$, as do 80 per cent/63 per cent of a larger, less strictly selected sample. We discuss future applications of this unique data set that will further our understanding of the chemical and dynamical evolution of the innermost regions of our Galaxy.
Isochrone fitting of Galactic globular clusters – II. NGC 6205 (M13)
Authors: Gontcharov George A , Khovritchev Maxim Yu , Mosenkov Aleksandr V 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We present new isochrone fits to colour–magnitude diagrams of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 6205 (M13). We utilize 34 photometric bands from the ultraviolet to mid-infrared by use of data from the HST, Gaia DR2, SDSS, unWISE, Pan-STARRS DR1, and other photometric sources. In our isochrone fitting we use the PARSEC, MIST, DSEP, BaSTI, and IAC-BaSTI theoretical models and isochrones, both for the solar-scaled and He–α-enhanced abundances, with a metallicity of about [Fe/H] = −1.58 adopted from the literature. The colour–magnitude diagrams, obtained with pairs of filters from different datasets but of similar effective wavelengths, show some colour offsets up to 0.04 mag between the fiducial sequences and isochrones. We attribute these offsets to systematic differences of the datasets. Some intrinsic systematic differences of the models/isochrones remain in our results: the derived distances and ages are different for the ultraviolet, optical and infrared photometry used, while the derived ages are different for the different models/isochrones, e.g. in the optical range from 12.3 ± 0.7 Gyr for He–α-enhanced DSEP to 14.4 ± 0.7 Gyr for MIST. Despite the presence of multiple stellar populations, we obtain convergent estimates for the dominant population: best-fitting distance 7.4 ± 0.2 kpc, true distance modulus 14.35 ± 0.06 mag, parallax 0.135 ± 0.004 mas, extinction AV = 0.12 ± 0.02, and reddening E(B − V) = 0.04 ± 0.01. These estimates agree with other recent estimates; however, the extinction and reddening are twice as high as generally accepted. The derived empirical extinction law agrees with the Cardelli–Clayton–Mathis extinction law with the best-fitting $R_\mathrm{V}=3.1^{+1.6}_{-1.1}$.
Synteny-Guided Resolution of Gene Trees Clarifies the Functional Impact of Whole-Genome Duplications
Authors: Parey Elise , Louis Alexandra , Cabau Cédric , Guiguen Yann , Roest Crollius Hugues , Berthelot Camille 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhole-genome duplications (WGDs) have major impacts on the evolution of species, as they produce new gene copies contributing substantially to adaptation, isolation, phenotypic robustness, and evolvability. They result in large, complex gene families with recurrent gene losses in descendant species that sequence-based phylogenetic methods fail to reconstruct accurately. As a result, orthologs and paralogs are difficult to identify reliably in WGD-descended species, which hinders the exploration of functional consequences of WGDs. Here, we present Synteny-guided CORrection of Paralogies and Orthologies (SCORPiOs), a novel method to reconstruct gene phylogenies in the context of a known WGD event. WGDs generate large duplicated syntenic regions, which SCORPiOs systematically leverages as a complement to sequence evolution to infer the evolutionary history of genes. We applied SCORPiOs to the 320-My-old WGD at the origin of teleost fish. We find that almost one in four teleost gene phylogenies in the Ensembl database (3,394) are inconsistent with their syntenic contexts. For 70% of these gene families (2,387), we were able to propose an improved phylogenetic tree consistent with both the molecular substitution distances and the local syntenic information. We show that these synteny-guided phylogenies are more congruent with the species tree, with sequence evolution and with expected expression conservation patterns than those produced by state-of-the-art methods. Finally, we show that synteny-guided gene trees emphasize contributions of WGD paralogs to evolutionary innovations in the teleost clade.
How a Scorpion Toxin Selectively Captures a Prey Sodium Channel: The Molecular and Evolutionary Basis Uncovered
Authors: Zhu Shunyi , Gao Bin , Peigneur Steve , Tytgat Jan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The growing resistance of insects to chemical pesticides is reducing the effectiveness of conventional methods for pest control and thus, the development of novel insecticidal agents is imperative. Scorpion toxins specific for insect voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) have been considered as one of the most promising insecticide alternatives due to their host specificity, rapidly evoked toxicity, biodegradability, and the lack of resistance. However, they have not been developed for uses in agriculture and public health, mainly because of a limited understanding of their molecular and evolutionary basis controlling their phylogenetic selectivity. Here, we show that the traditionally defined insect-selective scorpion toxin LqhIT2 specifically captures a prey Nav through a conserved trapping apparatus comprising a three-residue-formed cavity and a structurally adjacent leucine. The former serves as a detector to recognize and bind a highly exposed channel residue conserved in insects and spiders, two major prey items for scorpions; and the latter subsequently seizes the “moving” voltage sensor via hydrophobic interactions to reduce activation energy for channel opening, demonstrating its action in an enzyme-like manner. Based on the established toxin-channel interaction model in combination with toxicity assay, we enlarged the toxic spectrum of LqhIT2 to spiders and certain other arthropods. Furthermore, we found that genetic background-dependent cavity shapes determine the species selectivity of LqhIT2-related toxins. We expect that the discovery of the trapping apparatus will improve our understanding of the evolution and design principle of Nav-targeted toxins from a diversity of arthropod predators and accelerate their uses in pest control.
Spotlight commentary: REBUS and the anarchic brain
Authors: Noorani Tehseen , Alderson-Day Ben 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In ‘REBUS and the Anarchic Brain: Towards a Unified Model of the Brain Action of Psychedelics’, Carhart-Harris and Friston offer an important analysis of what the predictive processing framework has to offer our understanding of psychedelic experiences, providing an invaluable ground for psychedelic psychiatry. While applauding this, we encourage paying greater attention to contextual factors shaping extreme experiences and their sequalae, and suggest that the authors’ comparisons with certain non-psychedelic altered states may overlook more informative parallels that can be drawn elsewhere. Addressing both points will prove fruitful, ultimately, in identifying the mechanisms of action of greatest interest in psychedelic experiences.
Clinical Course of Unilateral Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Church Ephraim W , Bell-Stephens Teresa E , Bigder Mark G , Gummidipundi Santosh , Han Summer S , Steinberg Gary K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The natural history of unilateral moyamoya disease (MMD) progressing to bilateral MMD remains an enigma in modern vascular neurosurgery. Few, small series with limited follow-up have reported relatively high rates of contralateral stenosis progression.

OBJECTIVE
To review our large series of unilateral MMD patients and evaluate radiographic and surgical progression rates, and identify any factors associated with progression.

METHODS
We included all unilateral MMD cases treated from 1991 to 2017 in an observational study. We examined time to contralateral radiographic progression and contralateral progression requiring surgery. Using Cox regression analysis, we evaluated factors potentially associated with contralateral progression.

RESULTS
There were 217 patients treated for unilateral MMD. About 71% were female, and the average age at first surgery was 33.8 yr. Average follow-up was 5.8 yr (range 1-22 yr). A total of 18 patients (8.3%) developed contralateral progression. And 8 of these (3.7%) developed progression requiring bypass surgery. Baseline stenosis and hyperlipidemia (HLD) were significantly associated with radiographic progression (hazard ratio [HR] = 9.7, P = .006; HR = 4.0, P = .024). Baseline stenosis was associated with surgical progression (HR = 44.2, P = .002). Results were similar when controlling for possible confounders using multivariate regression.

CONCLUSION
Previous series showed relatively high rates of progression in unilateral MMD (15%-30%), but these studies were small and long-term follow-up was rarely available. Our large series indicates that the rate of progression is lower than previously reported but still warrants yearly noninvasive screening. These data may provide indirect support for statin therapy in MMD.
Re-Thinking Procedural Justice Theory Through Stop and Search: Shame, Anger, and Police Legitimacy
Authors: Scrase Stuart 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStop and search has been argued to have a damaging impact upon trust in police and compliance with the law. Procedural Justice Theory has sought to explain this relation through perceptions of (un)fairness leading to the production of (il)legitimacy and to dispositions to (dis)obey. The article proposes a theoretical framework to supplement an explanatory gap in this theory, namely why perceptions of unfairness might lead to anti-police dispositions or attitudes. Ethnographic research is employed to elucidate the relevance of affective, emotional, and cognitive mechanisms in relation to the practice of stop and search. The article argues that the normative representation of the suspect by police and the disempowerment or removal of the subject’s agency at the hands of police contain the capacity to reveal a disparity between self-understanding and social recognition: the central affective condition for shame. Transformations of this affective experience into anger defend self-esteem by positioning the police as at fault, questioning the claim to authority, and simultaneously constructing the expressive drive to mistrust and confront the goal-obstacle to self-esteem.
The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health in the general population
Authors: Serafini G , Parmigiani B , Amerio A , Aguglia A , Sher L , Amore M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
As a result of the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the Chinese city of Wuhan, a situation of socio-economic crisis and profound psychological distress rapidly occurred worldwide. Various psychological problems and important consequences in terms of mental health including stress, anxiety, depression, frustration, uncertainty during COVID-19 outbreak emerged progressively. This work aimed to comprehensively review the current literature about the impact of COVID-19 infection on the mental health in the general population. The psychological impact of quarantine related to COVID-19 infection has been additionally documented together with the most relevant psychological reactions in the general population related to COVID-19 outbreak. The role of risk and protective factors against the potential to develop psychiatric disorders in vulnerable individuals has been addressed as well. The main implications of the present findings have been discussed.
Diagnosis and treatment of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: a mixed-method evaluation of care in The Netherlands
Authors: Klein Haneveld Mirthe J , Lemmen Caro H C , Brunekreef Tammo E , Bijl Marc , Jansen A J Gerard , de Leeuw Karina , Spierings Julia , Limper Maarten ,   ARCH Study Group, Lely Titia , van der Molen Renate , Urbanus Rolf , Kruyt Nyika , van de Ree Marcel , Potjewijd Judith , Brandts Gerie , Scheerhoorn-Pullen Jamy , de Bresser Carolijn , Otter Sander , Berentschot Julia , Hulsebosch Nicole , Schriemer Rita 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The aims were to gain insight into the care provided to patients with APS in The Netherlands and to identify areas for improvement from the perspective of both patients and medical specialists.

Methods
APS care was evaluated using qualitative and quantitative methods. Perspectives on APS care were explored using semi-structured interviews with medical specialists, patient focus groups and a cross-sectional, online patient survey. In order to assess current practice, medical records were reviewed retrospectively to collect data on clinical and laboratory manifestations and pharmacological treatment in six Dutch hospitals.

Results
Fourteen medical specialists were interviewed, 14 patients participated in the focus groups and 79 patients completed the survey. Medical records of 237 patients were reviewed. Medical record review showed that only one-third of patients were diagnosed with APS within 3 months after entering specialist care. The diagnostic approach and management varied between centres and specialists. Almost 10% of all patients and 7% of triple-positive patients with thrombotic APS were not receiving any anticoagulant treatment at the time of medical record review. Correspondingly, poor recognition and fragmentation of care were reported as the main problems by medical specialists. Additionally, patients reported the lack of accessible, reliable patient education, psychosocial support and trust in physicians as important points for improvement.

Conclusion
Delayed diagnosis, variability in management strategies and fragmentation of care were important limitations of APS care identified in this study. A remarkable 10% of patients did not receive any anticoagulant treatment.
The role of aspirin in the primary prevention of accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Authors: Fasano Serena , Iacono Daniela , Riccardi Antonella , Ciccia Francesco , Valentini Gabriele 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aspirin is the most commonly used medication worldwide. Beside its well-known anti-inflammatory effects, a role has emerged in the prevention of cardiovascular events. However, a significant benefit has been demonstrated in secondary cardiovascular prevention only, while there is limited evidence supporting a role in primary prevention. This discrepancy might depend on the that so far, the high-risk populations that will achieve the greatest benefits yet experiencing minimal harmful side effects have not been identified. Patients with autoimmune systemic rheumatic diseases have an increased risk of cardiovascular complications compared with the general population, which makes aspirin of potential value in these subjects. Moving from general aspects of aspirin pharmacology and specific issues in general population, the aim of this study is to review the evidence about the role of low-dose aspirin in primary cardiovascular prevention in autoimmune systemic rheumatic diseases.
Classifying and diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus in the 21st century
Authors: Aringer Martin , Johnson Sindhu R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The EULAR/ACR 2019 classification criteria for SLE constitute a current and optimized clinical approach to SLE classification. Classification is still not based on molecular approaches and the results from large studies using polyomics may be interpreted as demonstrating the relevance of the genetic and environmental background rather than splitting SLE into several entities. In fact, an association study within the EULAR/ACR classification criteria project found associations between manifestations only within organ domains. This independency of various organ manifestations argues for SLE as one disease entity. The current review article will therefore concentrate on the clinical and immunological manifestations of SLE and on what we have already learned in this century. Moreover, the structure and essential rules of the EULAR/ACR 2019 classification criteria will be discussed. While classification and diagnosis are distinct concepts, which have to remain clearly separated, information derived from the process towards the classification criteria is also useful for diagnostic purposes. Therefore this article also tries to delineate what classification can teach us for diagnosis, covering a wide variety of SLE manifestations.
First-line csDMARD monotherapy drug retention in psoriatic arthritis: methotrexate outperforms sulfasalazine
Authors: Jacobs Marleen E , Pouw Juliëtte N , Welsing Paco , Radstake Timothy R D J , Leijten Emmerik F A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesConventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) are the first-line treatment for PsA, but there is conflicting data regarding their efficacy and scarce reports describing the duration of use (drug retention) of csDMARD in this population. Their position in treatment recommendations is a matter of growing debate due to the availability of alternative treatment options with higher levels of evidence. We aimed to study drug retention and predictors for drug retention among PsA patients receiving first-line csDMARD monotherapy.MethodsRetrospective cohort study in DMARD-naïve adult PsA patients in whom a first csDMARD was prescribed as monotherapy primarily to treat PsA-related symptoms. The main outcome was time to failure of the csDMARD (i.e. stopping the csDMARD or adding another DMARD).ResultsA total of 187 patients were included, who were mainly prescribed MTX (n = 163) or SSZ (n = 21). The pooled median drug retention time was 31.8 months (interquartile range 9.04–110). Drug retention was significantly higher in MTX (median 34.5 months; interquartile range 9.60–123) as compared with SSZ-treated patients (median 12.0 months; interquartile range 4.80– 55.7) (P =0.016, log-rank test). In multivariable Cox regression, the use of MTX and older age were associated with increased retention. The main reasons for treatment failure were inefficacy (52%) and side effects (28%). Upon failure, MTX treated patients were more commonly, subsequently treated with a biologic DMARD compared with SSZ (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionMTX outperforms SSZ as a first-line csDMARD in DMARD-naïve PsA patients with respect to monotherapy drug retention in daily clinical practice.