bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed‐Metal MOF‐74 Templated Catalysts for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Capture and Methanation
Authors: Zurrer Timothy , Wong Kenneth , Horlyck Jonathan , Lovell Emma C. , Wright Joshua , Bedford Nicholas M. , Han Zhaojun , Liang Kang , Scott Jason , Amal Rose 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe vast chemical and structural tunability of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are beginning to be harnessed as functional supports for catalytic nanoparticles spanning a range of applications. However, a lack of straightforward methods for producing nanoparticle‐encapsulated MOFs as efficient heterogeneous catalysts limits their usage. Herein, a mixed‐metal MOF, NiMg‐MOF‐74, is utilized as a template to disperse small Ni nanoclusters throughout the parent MOF. By exploiting the difference in NiO and MgO coordination bond strength, Ni2+ is selectively reduced to form highly dispersed Ni nanoclusters constrained by the parent MOF pore diameter, while Mg2+ remains coordinated in the framework. By varying the ratio of Ni to Mg in the parent MOF, accessible surface area and crystallinity can be tuned upon thermal treatment, influencing CO2 adsorption capacity and hydrogenation selectivity. The resulting Ni nanoclusters prove to be an active catalyst for CO2 methanation and are examined using extended X‐ray absorption fine structure and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By preserving a segment of the Mg2+‐containing MOF framework, the composite system retains a portion of its CO2 adsorption capacity while continuing to deliver catalytic activity. The approach is thus critical for designing materials that can bridge the gap between carbon capture and CO2 utilization.
In‐Situ Electrochemically Activated Surface Vanadium Valence in V2C MXene to Achieve High Capacity and Superior Rate Performance for Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Ying , Jiang Yue , Hu Zhe , Peng Jian , Lai Weihong , Wu Dianlun , Zuo Shouwei , Zhang Jing , Chen Bin , Dai Ziwen , Yang Yingguo , Huang Yang , Zhang Wei , Zhao Wei , Zhang Wang , Wang Lei , Chou Shulei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVanadium‐based materials are fascinating potential cathodes for high energy density Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs), due to their high capacity arising from multi‐electron redox chemistry. Most vanadium‐based materials suffer from poor rate capability, however, owing to their low conductivity and large dimension. Here, we propose the application of V2C MXene (V2CTx), a conductive 2D nanomaterial, for achieving high energy density ZIBs with superior rate capability. Through an initial charging activation, the valence of surface vanadium in V2CTx cathode is raised significantly from V2+/V3+ to V4+/V5+, forming a nanoscale vanadium oxide (VOx) coating that effectively undergoes multi‐electron reactions, whereas the inner V‐C‐V 2D multi‐layers of V2CTx are intentionally preserved, providing abundant nanochannels with intrinsic high conductivity. Owing to the synergistic effects between the outer high‐valence VOx and inner conductive V‐C‐V, the activated V2CTx presents an ultrahigh rate performance, reaching 358 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1, together with remarkable energy and power density (318 Wh kg−1/22.5 kW kg−1). The structural advantages of activated V2CTx are maintained after 2000 cycles, offering excellent stability with nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency. This work provides key insights into the design of high‐performance cathode materials for advanced ZIBs.
Inorganic Nanoparticles Applied as Functional Therapeutics
Authors: Liu Qianqian , Kim Yu‐Jin , Im Gwang‐Bum , Zhu Jintao , Wu Yuzhou , Liu Yijing , Bhang Suk Ho 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInorganic nanoparticles (NPs) offer significant advantages to the biomedical field owing to their large surface area, controllable structures, diverse surface chemistry, and unique optical and physical properties. Researchers worldwide have shown that inorganic NPs and the released metal ions can act as therapeutic agents in targeted tissues or to cure various diseases without acute toxicity. In this progress report, the recent developments in inorganic NPs with different compositions directly used as therapeutics are discussed. First, the recent convergence of nanotechnology and biotechnology in biomedical applications as well as the unique functions, features, and advantages of inorganic NPs in biomedical applications are summarized. Thereafter, the biological effects of inorganic compositions in NPs which include balancing the intracellular redox environment, regulating the specific cellular signaling and cellular behaviors, and apoptosis are explained. In addition, the emerging therapeutic applications of inorganic NPs in various diseases are exemplified. Finally, the perspectives and challenges for overcoming the weaknesses of inorganic NPs as therapeutics are discussed. By carefully considering and investigating the biological effects of inorganic NPs and metal ions released from NPs, more promising inorganic NPs based therapeutic agents can be developed.
0D/2D Heterostructures Vertical Single Electron Transistor
Authors: Mouafo Louis Donald Notemgnou , Godel Florian , Simon Laurent , Dappe Yannick J. , Baaziz Walid , Noumbé Ulrich Nguétchuissi , Lorchat Etienne , Martin Marie‐Blandine , Berciaud Stéphane , Doudin Bernard , Ersen Ovidiu , Dlubak Bruno , Seneor Pierre , Dayen Jean‐Francois 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMixed‐dimensional heterostructures formed by the stacking of 2D materials with nanostructures of distinct dimensionality constitute a new class of nanomaterials that offers multifunctionality that goes beyond those of single dimensional systems. An unexplored architecture of single electron transistor (SET) is developed that employs heterostructures made of nanoclusters (0D) grown on a 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) channel. Combining the large Coulomb energy of the nanoclusters with the electronic capabilities of the 2D layer, the concept of 0D–2D vertical SET is unveiled. The MoS2 underneath serves both as a charge tunable channel interconnecting the electrode, and as bottom electrode for each v‐SET cell. In addition, its atomic thickness makes it thinner than the Debye screening length, providing electric field transparency functionality that allows for an efficient electric back gate control of the nanoclusters charge state. The Coulomb diamond pattern characteristics of SET are reported, with specific doping dependent nonlinear features arising from the 0D/2D geometry that are elucidated by theoretical modeling. These results hold promise for multifunctional single electron device taking advantage of the versatility of the 2D materials library, with as example envisioned spintronics applications while coupling quantum dots to magnetic 2D material, or to ferroelectric layers for neuromorphic devices.
Multiple Pathways for Pathological Calcification in the Human Body
Authors: Vidavsky Netta , Kunitake Jennie A. M. R. , Estroff Lara A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBiomineralization of skeletal components (e.g., bone and teeth) is generally accepted to occur under strict cellular regulation, leading to mineral–organic composites with hierarchical structures and properties optimized for their designated function. Such cellular regulation includes promoting mineralization at desired sites as well as inhibiting mineralization in soft tissues and other undesirable locations. In contrast, pathological mineralization, with potentially harmful health effects, can occur as a result of tissue or metabolic abnormalities, disease, or implantation of certain biomaterials. This progress report defines mineralization pathway components and identifies the commonalities (and differences) between physiological (e.g., bone remodeling) and pathological calcification formation pathways, based, in part, upon the extent of cellular control within the system. These concepts are discussed in representative examples of calcium phosphate‐based pathological mineralization in cancer (breast, thyroid, ovarian, and meningioma) and in cardiovascular disease. In‐depth mechanistic understanding of pathological mineralization requires utilizing state‐of‐the‐art materials science imaging and characterization techniques, focusing not only on the final deposits, but also on the earlier stages of crystal nucleation, growth, and aggregation. Such mechanistic understanding will further enable the use of pathological calcifications in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as possibly provide insights into preventative treatments for detrimental mineralization in disease.
Trends in Micro‐/Nanorobotics: Materials Development, Actuation, Localization, and System Integration for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wang Ben , Kostarelos Kostas , Nelson Bradley J. , Zhang Li 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicro‐/nanorobots (m‐bots) have attracted significant interest due to their suitability for applications in biomedical engineering and environmental remediation. Particularly, their applications in in vivo diagnosis and intervention have been the focus of extensive research in recent years with various clinical imaging techniques being applied for localization and tracking. The successful integration of well‐designed m‐bots with surface functionalization, remote actuation systems, and imaging techniques becomes the crucial step toward biomedical applications, especially for the in vivo uses. This review thus addresses four different aspects of biomedical m‐bots: design/fabrication, functionalization, actuation, and localization. The biomedical applications of the m‐bots in diagnosis, sensing, microsurgery, targeted drug/cell delivery, thrombus ablation, and wound healing are reviewed from these viewpoints. The developed biomedical m‐bot systems are comprehensively compared and evaluated based on their characteristics. The current challenges and the directions of future research in this field are summarized.
Finding the Next Superhard Material through Ensemble Learning
Authors: Zhang Ziyan , Mansouri Tehrani Aria , Oliynyk Anton O. , Day Blake , Brgoch Jakoah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn ensemble machine‐learning method is demonstrated to be capable of finding superhard materials by directly predicting the load‐dependent Vickers hardness based only on the chemical composition. A total of 1062 experimentally measured load‐dependent Vickers hardness data are extracted from the literature and used to train a supervised machine‐learning algorithm utilizing boosting, achieving excellent accuracy (R2 = 0.97). This new model is then tested by synthesizing and measuring the load‐dependent hardness of several unreported disilicides and analyzing the predicted hardness of several classic superhard materials. The trained ensemble method is then employed to screen for superhard materials by examining more than 66 000 compounds in crystal structure databases, which show that 68 known materials have a Vickers hardness ≥40 GPa at 0.5 N (applied force) and only 10 exceed this mark at 5 N. The hardness model is then combined with the data‐driven phase diagram generation tool to expand the limited number of reported high hardness compounds. Eleven ternary borocarbide phase spaces are studied, and more than ten thermodynamically favorable compositions with a hardness above 40 GPa (at 0.5 N) are identified, proving this ensemble model's ability to find previously unknown materials with outstanding mechanical properties.
Sub‐Picosecond Response Time of a Hybrid VO2:Silicon Waveguide at 1550 nm
Authors: Hallman Kent A. , Miller Kevin J. , Baydin Andrey , Weiss Sharon M. , Haglund Richard F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHybrid material systems are a promising approach for extending the capabilities of silicon photonics. Given the weak electro‐optic and thermo‐optic effects in silicon, there is intense interest in integrating an ultrafast‐switching phase‐change material with a large refractive index contrast into the waveguide, such as vanadium dioxide (VO2). It is well established that the phase transition in VO2 thin films can be triggered by ultrafast, 800 nm laser pulses, and that pump‐laser fluence is a critical determinant of the recovery time of thin films irradiated by femtosecond pulses. However, thin‐film experiments are not reliable guides to a VO2:Si system for all‐optical, on‐chip switching because of the differences in VO2 optical constants in the telecommunication band, and the complex sample geometry and alignment issues in a waveguide geometry. This paper reports the first demonstration that the reversible, ultrafast photoinduced phase transition in VO2 can achieve sub‐picosecond response when small VO2 volumes are integrated into a silicon waveguide as the active element. The result suggests that VO2 can be pursued as a strong candidate for waveguide switching with sub‐picosecond on‐off times.
Materials, Devices, and Systems of On‐Skin Electrodes for Electrophysiological Monitoring and Human–Machine Interfaces
Authors: Wu Hao , Yang Ganguang , Zhu Kanhao , Liu Shaoyu , Guo Wei , Jiang Zhuo , Li Zhuo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOn‐skin electrodes function as an ideal platform for collecting high‐quality electrophysiological (EP) signals due to their unique characteristics, such as stretchability, conformal interfaces with skin, biocompatibility, and wearable comfort. The past decade has witnessed great advancements in performance optimization and function extension of on‐skin electrodes. With continuous development and great promise for practical applications, on‐skin electrodes are playing an increasingly important role in EP monitoring and human–machine interfaces (HMI). In this review, the latest progress in the development of on‐skin electrodes and their integrated system is summarized. Desirable features of on‐skin electrodes are briefly discussed from the perspective of performances. Then, recent advances in the development of electrode materials, followed by the analysis of strategies and methods to enhance adhesion and breathability of on‐skin electrodes are examined. In addition, representative integrated electrode systems and practical applications of on‐skin electrodes in healthcare monitoring and HMI are introduced in detail. It is concluded with the discussion of key challenges and opportunities for on‐skin electrodes and their integrated systems.
AZD9291 Resistance Reversal Activity of a pH‐Sensitive Nanocarrier Dual‐Loaded with Chloroquine and FGFR1 Inhibitor in NSCLC
Authors: Gu Yu , Lai Songtao , Dong Yang , Fu Hao , Song Liwei , Chen Tianxiang , Duan Yourong , Zhang Zhen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAZD9291 can effectively prolong survival of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Unfortunately, the mechanism of its acquired drug resistance is largely unknown. This study shows that autophagy and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 signaling pathways are both activated in AZD9291 resistant NSCLC, and inhibition of them, respectively, by chloroquine (CQ) and PD173074 can synergistically reverse AZD9291 resistance. Herein, a coloaded CQ and PD173074 pH‐sensitive shell–core nanoparticles CP@NP‐cRGD is developed to reverse AZD9291 resistance in NSCLC. CP@NP‐cRGD has a high encapsulation rate and stability, and can effectively prevent the degradation of drugs in circulation process. CP@NP‐cRGD can target tumor cells by enhanced permeability and retention effect and the cRGD peptide. The pH‐sensitive CaP shell can realize lysosome escape and then release drugs successively. The combination of CP@NP‐cRGD and AZD9291 significantly induces a higher rate of apoptosis, more G0/G1 phase arrest, and reduces proliferation of resistant cell lines by downregulation of p‐ERK1/2 in vitro. CQ in CP@NP‐cRGD can block protective autophagy induced by both AZD9291 and PD173074. CP@NP‐cRGD combined with AZD9291 shows adequate tumor enrichment, low toxicity, and excellent antitumor effect in nude mice. It provides a novel multifunctional nanoparticle to overcome AZD9291 resistance for potential clinical applications.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Compatible Optically Powered Miniature Wireless Modular Lorentz Force Actuators
Authors: Mutlu Senol , Yasa Oncay , Erin Onder , Sitti Metin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMinimally invasive medical procedures under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance have significant clinical promise. However, this potential has not been fully realized yet due to challenges regarding MRI compatibility and miniaturization of active and precise positioning systems inside MRI scanners, i.e., restrictions on ferromagnetic materials and long conductive cables and limited space around the patient for additional instrumentation. Lorentz force‐based electromagnetic actuators can overcome these challenges with the help of very high, axial, and uniform magnetic fields (3–7 Tesla) of the scanners. Here, a miniature, MRI‐compatible, and optically powered wireless Lorentz force actuator module consisting of a solar cell and a coil with a small volume of 2.5 × 2.5 × 3.0 mm3is proposed. Many of such actuator modules can be used to create various wireless active structures for future interventional MRI applications, such as positioning needles, markers, or other medical tools on the skin of a patient. As proof‐of‐concept prototypes toward such applications, a single actuator module that bends a flexible beam, four modules that rotate around an axis, and six modules that roll as a sphere are demonstrated inside a 7 Tesla preclinical MRI scanner.
Device Performance of Emerging Photovoltaic Materials (Version 1)
Authors: Almora Osbel , Baran Derya , Bazan Guillermo C. , Berger Christian , Cabrera Carlos I. , Catchpole Kylie R. , Erten‐Ela Sule , Guo Fei , Hauch Jens , Ho‐Baillie Anita W. Y. , Jacobsson T. Jesper , Janssen Rene A. J. , Kirchartz Thomas , Kopidakis Nikos , Li Yongfang , Loi Maria A. , Lunt Richard R. , Mathew Xavier , McGehee Michael D. , Min Jie , Mitzi David B. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad K. , Nelson Jenny , Nogueira Ana F. , Paetzold Ulrich W. , Park Nam‐Gyu , Rand Barry P. , Rau Uwe , Snaith Henry J. , Unger Eva , Vaillant‐Roca Lídice , Yip Hin‐Lap , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEmerging photovoltaics (PVs) focus on a variety of applications complementing large scale electricity generation. Organic, dye‐sensitized, and some perovskite solar cells are considered in building integration, greenhouses, wearable, and indoor applications, thereby motivating research on flexible, transparent, semitransparent, and multi‐junction PVs. Nevertheless, it can be very time consuming to find or develop an up‐to‐date overview of the state‐of‐the‐art performance for these systems and applications. Two important resources for recording research cells efficiencies are the National Renewable Energy Laboratory chart and the efficiency tables compiled biannually by Martin Green and colleagues. Both publications provide an effective coverage over the established technologies, bridging research and industry. An alternative approach is proposed here summarizing the best reports in the diverse research subjects for emerging PVs. Best performance parameters are provided as a function of the photovoltaic bandgap energy for each technology and application, and are put into perspective using, e.g., the Shockley–Queisser limit. In all cases, the reported data correspond to published and/or properly described certified results, with enough details provided for prospective data reproduction. Additionally, the stability test energy yield is included as an analysis parameter among state‐of‐the‐art emerging PVs.
Elevating the Voices of Girls in Custody for Improved Treatment and Systemic Change in the Juvenile Justice System
Authors: Reed Lauren A. , Sharkey Jill D. , Wroblewski Althea 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe U.S. juvenile justice system does not meet the needs of girls in custody, and often fails to address girls’ symptoms of trauma and high rates of sexual exploitation histories. As the system shifts away from punitive detention to a trauma‐informed approach with community‐based services, community psychologists and other helping professionals can help center the needs and experiences of girls in custody. As part of a multi‐year collaboration, our research team created a confidential youth advisory process in one juvenile detention center (JDC). We acted as liaisons between the girls in custody and JDC administrators, reporting girls’ feedback to agencies at monthly meetings. Participant confidentiality, safety, and consent were priorities. The girls’ feedback, which was conceptualized within a System Responsiveness and hierarchy of needs framework, led JDC probation and mental health staff to improve services (e.g., better laundry system, longer showers, warmer food), climate (e.g., consistent reward system, confidentiality of grievances), and treatment (e.g., increase focus on gender and culture) to reduce the trauma of incarceration among girls in custody. Girls’ feedback also catalyzed systemic change that led to a reduction in the JDC population in favor of wraparound community‐based services better suited to meet girls’ needs. Implications for community psychology values and the juvenile justice system, including the benefits and challenges of this type of collaboration, are discussed.
Autosomal dominant early onset Alzheimer's disease in the Mexican state of Jalisco: High frequency of the mutation PSEN1 c.1292C>A and phenotypic profile of patients
Authors: Dumois‐Petersen Sofia , Gallegos‐Arreola Martha P. , Magaña‐Torres María T. , Perea‐Díaz Francisco J. , Ringman John M. , Figuera Luis E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMutations in three genes (APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2) are the main cause of the autosomal dominant early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD‐EOAD). In PSEN1, the A431E (c.1292C>A, rs63750083) mutation is suspected to have exerted a founder effect in the State of Jalisco, Mexico. In Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, this mutation was found in 46 index cases evaluated for AD‐EOAD. In our genealogical analysis, 301 affected relatives of the mutation carriers were identified, 195 of whom were already deceased at the time of interview. Moreover, 560 descendants had a 50% risk of carrying the mutation, and 348 were potentially at risk. A systematic phenotyping was performed in 39 patients. The mean onset age was 42.5 ± 3.9 years, and no significant difference in onset age was observed between the male and female patients. Furthermore, a substantial clinical heterogeneity and high frequencies of spastic paraparesis, language disorders, and neuropsychiatric symptoms were observed. To our knowledge, the investigated families represent the second biggest population carrying a PSEN1 mutation in Latin America, offering a unique opportunity to study the genetic basis of Alzheimer's disease. Addressing AD‐EOAD warrants an integral approach involving a deep understanding of its clinical behavior, as well as counseling protocols and prevention studies.