bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long non-coding RNAs in plants: emerging modulators of gene activity in development and stress responses
Authors: Chen Li , Zhu Qian-Hao , Kaufmann Kerstin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Main conclusion
Long non-coding RNAs modulate gene activity in plant development and stress responses by various molecular mechanisms.

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts larger than 200 nucleotides without protein coding potential. Computational approaches have identified numerous lncRNAs in different plant species. Research in the past decade has unveiled that plant lncRNAs participate in a wide range of biological processes, including regulation of flowering time and morphogenesis of reproductive organs, as well as abiotic and biotic stress responses. LncRNAs execute their functions by interacting with DNA, RNA and protein molecules, and by modulating the expression level of their targets through epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional or translational regulation. In this review, we summarize characteristics of plant lncRNAs, discuss recent progress on understanding of lncRNA functions, and propose an experimental framework for functional characterization.
Role of chromatin assembly factor-1/p60 and poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 in mycosis fungoides
Authors: Mascolo Massimo , Travaglino Antonio , Varricchio Silvia , Russo Daniela , Sabattini Elena , Agostinelli Claudio , Bertuzzi Clara , Baldo Antonello , Pileri Alessandro , Picardi Marco , Pane Fabrizio , Staibano Stefania 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMycosis fungoides (MF) represents the most common type of cutaneous lymphoma. In the majority of patients, the disease has a slow evolution and a protracted course; however, a subset of patients shows poor oncologic outcomes. Unfortunately, there are no reliable prognostic markers for MF, and the currently available treatments are only effective in a minority of patients. This study aimed to evaluate the expression and clinical significance of PARP-1 and CAF-1/p60 in MF. Sixty-four MF representatives of the different stages of disease were assessed by immunohistochemistry for PARP-1 and CAF-1/p60. The association of PARP-1 and CAF-1/p60 with the MF stage and outcome was assessed by using Fisher’s exact test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with the Log-rank test; a p value < 0.05 was considered significant. PARP-1 was overexpressed in 57.9% of MF and was significantly associated with a MF stage > II (p = 0.034) but not with the risk of death (p = 0.237). CAF-1/p60 was overexpressed in 26.8% of MF and was significantly associated with decreased overall survival (p < 0.001) but not with the MF stage (p = 1). A significant association was found between PARP-1 overexpression and CAF-1/p60 overexpression (p = 0.0025). Simultaneous overexpression of PARP-1 and CAF-1/p60 was significantly associated with decreased overall survival (p < 0.001), although less strongly than CAF-1/p60 alone (χ2 = 14.916 vs 21.729, respectively). In MF, PARP-1 is overexpressed in advanced stages, while CAF-1/p60 is overexpressed in the cases with shorter overall survival, appearing as a significant prognostic marker. A role for PARP-1 inhibitors and anti-CAF-1/p60 targeted therapy may be reasonably hypothesized in MF.
Does spatiotemporal nutrient variation allow more species to coexist?
Authors: Di Carvalho Josie Antonucci , Wickham Stephen A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTemporal heterogeneity in nutrient availability is known to increase phytoplankton diversity by allowing more species to coexist under different resource niches. Spatial heterogeneity has also been positively correlated with species diversity. Here we investigated how temporal and spatial differences in nutrient addition together impact biodiversity in metacommunities varying in the degree of connectivity among the patches. We used a microcosm experimental design to test two spatiotemporal ways of supplying nutrients: synchronously (nutrients were added regionally—to all four patches at the same time) and asynchronously (nutrients were added locally—to a different patch each time), combined with two different degrees of connectivity among the patches (low or high connectivity). We used three species of algae and one species of cyanobacteria as the primary producers; and five ciliate and two rotifer species as the grazers. We expected higher diversity in metacommunities receiving an asynchronous nutrient supply, assuming stronger development of heterogeneous patches with this condition rather than with synchronous nutrient supply. This result was expected, however, to be dependent on the degree of connectivity among patches. We found significant effects of nutrient addition in both groups of organisms. Phytoplankton diversity increased until the fourth week (transiently) and zooplankton richness was persistently higher under asynchronous nutrient addition. Our results were consistent with our hypothesis that asynchronicity in nutrient supply would create a more favorable condition for species to co-occur. However, this effect was, in part, transient and was not influenced by the degree of connectivity.
A systematic review of the literature assessing the outcomes of stapled haemorrhoidopexy versus open haemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Ruan Q. Z. , English W. , Hotouras A. , Bryant C. , Taylor F. , Andreani S. , Wexner S. D. , Banerjee S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Symptomatic haemorrhoids affect a large number of patients throughout the world. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the surgical outcomes of stapled haemorrhoidopexy (SH) versus open haemorrhoidectomy (OH) over a 20-year period.

Methods
Randomized controlled trials published between January 1998 and January 2019 were extracted from Pubmed using defined search criteria. Study characteristics and outcomes in the form of short-term and long-term complications of the two techniques were analyzed. Any changes in trend of outcomes over time were assessed by comparing article groups 1998–2008 and 2009–2019.

Results
Twenty-nine and 9 relevant articles were extracted for the 1998–2008 (period 1) and 2009–2019 (period 2) cohorts, respectively. Over the two time periods, SH was found to be a safe procedure, associated with statistically reduced operative time (in 13/21 studies during period 1 and in 3/8 studies during period 2), statistically less intraoperative bleeding (3/7 studies in period 1 and 1/1 study in period 2) and consistently less early postoperative pain on the visual analogue scale (12/15 studies in period 1 and 4/5 studies in period 2) resulting in shorter hospital stay (12/20 studies in period 1 and 2/2 studies in period 2) at the expense of a higher cost. In the longer term, although chronic pain in SH and OH patents is comparable, patient satisfaction with SH may decline with time and at 2-year follow-up OH appeared to be associated with greater patient satisfaction.

Conclusions
SH appears to be safe with potential advantages, at least in the short term, but the evidence is lacking at the moment to suggest its routine use in clinical practice.
After COVID-19: Rethinking Fiscal Rules in Europe
Authors:   Forum Introduction
Published: October 2020

AbstractFollowing the COVID-19 outbreak in Europe this spring and subsequent measures to contain the pandemic, the European Commission drastically revised its economic and fiscal forecasts. The Summer 2020 Economic Forecast projects that the euro area economy will contract by 8.7% in 2020. The coronavirus crisis is expected to push the general government deficit to about 8.5% of GDP this year. Even in an optimistic V-shaped recovery scenario with a GDP growth rate of 6.1% in 2021 due to the temporary nature of lockdown measures taken in 2020, the headline deficit is expected to decrease to about 3.5% of GDP. Furthermore, both the downturn and the rebound of economic activity are expected to be asymmetric across member states, exposing entrenched divergences. The recent outlook highlights the problem of pro-cyclical revisions of potential output and output gap estimates. Some economists warn that the current fiscal framework may lead to pro-cyclical and thus destabilising fiscal policies, a problem encountered in Southern Europe during the European sovereign debt crisis that has implications for the entire European Union. In order to avoid repeating past mistakes, the debate on how to reform European fiscal policy should be settled before the rules are re-enacted when the coronavirus crisis has passed.
Adapting the EU Economic Governance to New Macroeconomic and Political Realities
Authors: Fargnoli Raffaele 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere was a widespread consensus on the need to modify fiscal rules in the EU even before the COVID-19 crisis. The aim of this article is to reflect on the reform of fiscal rules from a broader perspective, looking at three different dimensions: the political economy of fiscal rules in the current political and economic environment, the renewed debate about fiscal policy roles and objectives, as well as the current incomplete nature of the European Monetary Union and the prospects for its completion. The main contribution of this paper is to analyse EMU fiscal policy and the related governance modes from a broader perspective. Furthermore, the article briefly discusses ideas for a new model of fiscal and economc surveillance based on a cooperative governance system in order to better fit with with current macroeconomic and political realities.
Spillover Effects From Next Generation EU
Authors: Picek Oliver 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn July 2020, the European Commission announced its €750 billion package to revive the postpandemic European economy, Next Generation EU. The programme comprises a number of loans and grants that will be funded by taking out European debt. Although the rules on liability sharing for Next Generation EU prevent a significant mutualisation of the debt, European leaders have taken the long-recognised significant first step towards European financial and political unification that stands in stark contrast to the misguided austerity programmes during the European sovereign debt crisis.
Zukunft des deutschen Wirtschaftsmodells
Authors:   Überblick
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung30 Jahre nach der Deutschen Wiedervereinigung — und unter dem Eindruck der akuten Corona-Krise — fand der siebte New Paradigm Workshop des Forum New Economy zur Zukunft des deutschen Modells vom 28. bis 30. September in Berlin statt. Renommierte deutsche und internationale Experten diskutierten die „Zukunft des deutschen Wirtschaftsmodells”. Wie gut ist Deutschland noch auf die kommenden Herausforderungen vorbereitet? In diesem Zeitgespräch sollen die auf dem Workshop präsentierten Studien vorgestellt werden, die mit Unterstützung des Forum New Economy erstellten wurden, unter anderem zur Entwicklung der Ungleichheit in Deutschland, einer neuen Industriepolitik, der Relevanz fi skalpolitischer Regeln und den Tücken des deutschen Exportmodells. Ergänzt werden diese Beiträge durch eine Übersetzung des Konferenzbeitrags von Thomas Piketty.
Keynes: die erneute Rückkehr des Meisters
Authors: Skidelsky Robert 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der aktuellen Corona-Krise wiederholen sich die Muster früherer Krisen. Vor dem Hintergrund sinkender Produktion und steigender Arbeitslosigkeit versuchen Notenbanken und Staaten weltweit ihre Ökonomien vor einem größeren Absturz zu bewahren. Die Rezeptur für diese Stabilisierungspolitik basiert auf der Lehre des britischen Ökonomen John Maynard Keynes, die dieser vor dem Hintergrund der Großen Depression im Jahr 1936 in seiner „Allgemeinen Theorie der Beschäftigung, des Zinses und des Geldes“ beschrieb. Doch nicht nur in der Krise, auch darüber hinaus empfehlen sich die wirtschaftspolitischen Ansätze von Keynes für das 21. Jahrhundert.
Steuerpolitik in der COVID-19-Krise
Authors: Eichfelder Sebastian , Hoke Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Krise hat die Debatte über eine steuerliche Entlastung von Unternehmen neu belebt. Tatsächlich haben Reformen in Deutschland bereits seit 20 Jahren die Unternehmensbesteuerung deutlich gesenkt. Ziel ist es, im internationalen Steuerwettbewerb zu bestehen. Allerdings geht die neue ökonomische Geografie davon aus, dass es sich Volkswirtschaften mit hoher Standortattraktivität leisten können, hohe Steuern zu erheben. Für die Standortwahl der Unternehmen sind stabile wirtschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen, eine ausgebaute Infrastruktur und gut ausgebildete Arbeitskräfte wesentlich wichtiger. Die Steuerpolitik in der COVID-19-Pandemie sollte sich dementsprechend darauf konzentrieren, diese Standortfaktoren zu verbessern.
Wissenschaft und Rentenpolitik
Authors: Blank Florian 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie von der Bundesregierung eingesetzte Kommission „Verlässlicher Generationenvertrag“ aus Politiker*innen und Expert*innen hat im März 2020 ihren Bericht vorgelegt. Daraus ergeben sich Fragen zum Verhältnis von Wissenschaft und Politik: Welchen Einfluss sollten Wissenschaftler*innen auf die Rentenpolitik nehmen dürfen? Sollten sogar rentenpolitische Kompetenzen an ein Experten-Gremium übertragen werden? Zu bedenken ist, dass nicht nur der Nutzen wissenschaftlicher Politikberatung wertgeschätzt werden sollte, sondern auch die Beschränkungen wissenschaftlicher Expertise ernstgenommen werden müssen.
Deutsche Bahn: Schienennetzmonopol, Heuschrecken und der Staat
Authors: Ehrmann Thomas , Prinz Aloys 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Deutsche Bahn musste in den vergangenen sechs Jahren eine Gesamtdividende von 2,85 Mrd. Euro bei einem kumulierten Jahresergebnis von knapp 2,35 Mrd. Euro zahlen. Die DB Netz verfolgte in diesem Zeitraum eine monopolistische Preispolitik für die Verkehrsunternehmen auf den nachgelagerten Wettbewerbsmärkten, die gravierende Folgen sowohl für die eigenen als auch für die konkurrierenden Verkehrsunternehmen hatte. Dieser Beitrag erläutert, warum das Unternehmen wirtschaftlich gezwungen war, genau diese Strategien anzuwenden. Im Koalitionsvertrag heißt es aber, dass „die Erhöhung des Marktanteils der Eisenbahnen“ angestrebt wird, wobei „nicht die Gewinnmaximierung, sondern die sinnvolle Maximierung des Verkehrsaufkommens auf der Schiene im Vordergrund steht“. Es soll also nicht der Gewinn, sondern der Transportoutput auf der Schiene maximiert werden.
Wie hängen Lohnhöhe und Beschäftigung zusammen?
Authors: Theobald Thomas , Zwiener Rudolf , Logeay Camille 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Zusammenhang zwischen Lohn- und Beschäftigungsentwicklung ist eine theoretisch umstrittene Frage. Die verschiedenen Denkschulen stimmen nicht nur bezüglich der Größenordnungen der Effekte nicht überein, sondern ziehen zum Teil auch unterschiedliche Wirkungskanäle heran und betrachten unterschiedliche Zeiträume. Daher wird sogenannten evidenzbasierten Studien besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt, um die Frage zu beantworten, wie sich eine Lohnerhöhung letztendlich auf die Beschäftigung auswirkt. Das makroökonometrische Mehr-Länder-Modell NiGEM wurde in den letzten Jahrzehnten in der wirtschaftspolitischen Beratung in diesem Kontext vielfach genutzt, auch von der Deutschen Bundesbank und dem Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung (SVR). Dieser Beitrag knüpft an die Bedeutung des NiGEM-Modells in der wirtschaftspolitischen Beratung an und prüft, inwieweit der dort modellierte Zusammenhang zwischen Lohnhöhe und Beschäftigung empirisch valide ist.
GLONASS FDMA data for RTK positioning: a five-system analysis
Authors: Brack Andreas , Männel Benjamin , Schuh Harald 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe use of the GLONASS legacy signals for real-time kinematic positioning is considered. Due to the FDMA multiplexing scheme, the conventional CDMA observation model has to be modified to restore the integer estimability of the ambiguities. This modification has a strong impact on positioning capabilities. In particular, the ambiguity resolution performance of this model is clearly weaker than for CDMA systems, so that fast and reliable full ambiguity resolution is usually not feasible for standalone GLONASS, and adding GLONASS data in a multi-GNSS approach can reduce the ambiguity resolution performance of the combined model. Partial ambiguity resolution was demonstrated to be a suitable tool to overcome this weakness (Teunissen in GPS Solut 23(4):100, 2019). We provide an exhaustive formal analysis of the positioning precision and ambiguity resolution capabilities for short, medium, and long baselines in a multi-GNSS environment with GPS, Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS, and GLONASS. Simulations are used to show that with a difference test-based partial ambiguity resolution method, adding GLONASS data improves the positioning performance in all considered cases. Real data from different baselines are used to verify these findings. When using all five available systems, instantaneous centimeter-level positioning is possible on an 88.5 km baseline with the ionosphere weighted model, and on average, only 3.27 epochs are required for a long baseline with the ionosphere float model, thereby enabling near instantaneous solutions.
Sparse Reconstruction and Damage Imaging Method Based on Uniform Sparse Sampling
Authors: Li Pengfei , Luo Ying , Feng Kan , Zhou Yang , Xu Chenguang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe full wavefield detection method based on guided waves can efficiently detect and locate damages relying on the collection of large amounts of wavefield data. The acquisition process by scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV) is generally time-consuming, which is limited by Nyquist sampling theorem. To reduce the acquisition time, full wavefield data can be reconstructed from a small number of random sampling point signals combining with compressed sensing. However, the random sampling point signals need to be obtained by adding additional components to the SLDV system or offline processing. Because the random sparse sampling is difficult to achieve via the SLDV system, a new uniform sparse sampling strategy is proposed in this paper. By using the uniform sparse sampling coordinates instead of the random spatial sampling point coordinates, sparse sampling can be applied to SLDV without adding additional components or offline processing. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed strategy can reduce the measurement locations required for accurate signal recovery to less than 90% of the Nyquist sampling grid, and the damage location error is within the minimum half wavelength. Compared with the conventional jittered sampling strategy, the proposed sampling strategy can directly reduce the sampling time of the SLDV system by more than 90% without adding additional components and achieve the same accuracy of guided wavefield reconstruction and damage location as the jittered sampling strategy. The research results can greatly improve the efficiency of damage detection technology based on wavefield analysis.
Bear trade in the Czech Republic: an analysis of legal and illegal international trade from 2005 to 2020
Authors: Shepherd Chris R. , Kufnerová Jitka , Cajthaml Tomáš , Frouzová Jaroslava , Gomez Lalita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is a large demand for bear parts in the Czech Republic, and this drives legal and illegal trade in various bear species sourced from outside the country. From 2010 to 2018, the Czech Republic reported legal imports of 495 bear parts, mostly as trophies from Canada and Russia. Illegal trade in bear parts and derivatives for medicine as well as trophies persists as evidenced by the number of seizures made by the Czech Environmental Inspectorate during this same period. From January 2005 to February 2020, 36 seizures involving bears, their parts and derivatives, were made totalling 346 items. Most cases involved trophies (skins, skulls, taxidermies) predominantly from Canada, Russia and the USA, followed by traditional medicines claiming to contain bear parts mostly from Vietnam and China. Three cases involved souvenirs or jewellery, and one case involved live bear cubs. The greatest number of seizures made originated from Vietnam, followed by Canada and Russia. As all countries involved in these incidents are Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), there is a mechanism in place to jointly tackle this illegal trade. International collaboration is essential if efforts to end the illegal international trade in bear parts and derivatives are to succeed.
Underground diversity: Uropodina mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from European badger (Meles meles) nests
Authors: Kurek Przemysław , Nowakowski Krzysztof , Rutkowski Tomasz , Ważna Agnieszka , Cichocki Jan , Zacharyasiewicz Michał , Błoszyk Jerzy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBadgers can gather huge quantities of organic material to build their nests for winter time and to rear their cubs. Moreover, badger burrows (setts) are characterized by specific microclimate with quite stable temperature and humidity. Their fauna is poorly studied, especially in respect of saprobiontic Uropodina mites. In 2018–2019, we monitored 94 badger setts to search for nest material that had been thrown away during cleaning of the chambers after mating and winter sleep. In the collected material from 32 badger nests, we found 413 Uropodina mites of 16 species, in various stages of development (adults, protonymphs, and deutonymphs). The community was dominated by three mite species: Trematura patavina (22.5%, n = 93), Oodinychus ovalis (17.2%, n = 71), and Olodiscus minima (15.5%, n = 64). Other nidicolous—i.e., nest-dwelling—species included: Nenteria oudemansi (14.8%, n = 61), Phaulodiaspis borealis (7.0%, n = 29), Phaulodiaspis rackei (4.6%, n = 19), Uroseius hunzikeri (1.7%, n = 7), Uropoda orbicularis (1.5%, n = 6), and Apionoseius infirmus (1.0%, n = 4). The most frequent species were: Oodinychus ovalis (62.5%, 20 nests), N. oudemansi (46.9%, 15 nests), and Olodiscus minima (40.6%, 13 nests). Detrended correspondence analysis indicated that the Uropodina community from badger nests differed from that of mole nests, studied earlier. In setts, the Uropodina community included T. patavina and N. oudemansi, which were for the first time recorded from underground badger nests. This is the first record of N. oudemansi from Poland.
RING NMR dynamics: software for analysis of multiple NMR relaxation experiments
Authors: Beckwith Martha A. , Erazo-Colon Teddy , Johnson Bruce A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMolecular motions are fundamental to the existence of life, and NMR spectroscopy remains one of the most useful and powerful methods to measure their rates and molecular characteristics. Multiple experimental methods are available for measuring the NMR relaxation properties and these can require different methods for extracting model parameters. We present here a new software application, RING NMR Dynamics, that is designed to support analysis of multiple relaxation types. The initial release of RING NMR Dynamics supports the analysis of exponential decay experiments such as T1 and T2, as well as CEST and R2 and R1ρ relaxation dispersion. The software runs on multiple operating systems in both a command line mode and a user-friendly GUI that allows visualizing and simulating relaxation data. Interaction with another program, NMRFx Analyst, allows drilling down from the derived relaxation parameters to the raw spectral data.