bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tough fishing and severe seasonal food insecurity in Amazonian flooded forests
Authors: Tregidgo Daniel , Barlow Jos , Pompeu Paulo S. , Parry Luke 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Billions of people rely on harvesting wildlife for food, and must contend with catch rates that vary in space (e.g. overharvesting near communities) and time (e.g. seasonal migrations). Yet, research has overlooked potential linkages between reduced wildlife catch rates (catch‐per‐unit‐effort) and food security. Moreover, assumptions that people living in biologically rich environments are food secure lack empirical testing. This is problematic given that food security rests on having stable access to sufficient food, rather than there being sufficient food.

We examine spatiotemporal variation in fish catch rates and perceived food security among rural communities in Amazonian flooded forests. We also assess social inequities in food insecurity. We used structured interviews to collect data on fishing, hunting, chicken and beef consumption, and perceptions of food security. We did so during 556 household visits along a spatial gradient (1,267 km) of commercial fishing pressure, during high‐ and low‐water seasons.

We provide the first empirical evidence of simultaneous seasonal crashes in wildlife catch rates and food insecurity. During the high‐water season, fish catch rates were 73% lower, and the probability of not eating for a whole day was four times higher. With a third of households skipping meals and a sixth not eating for a whole day during this season, food security can be classed as severe. However, less‐deprived households tended to avoid severe food insecurity. Fish catch rates and perceived food security did not vary along a spatial gradient of commercial overfishing. River‐dwelling Amazonians increased fishing and hunting efforts during the high‐water season, without eating more chicken and beef, emphasizing the importance of stable access to wild fish and bushmeat.

This study shows how wildlife catch rates and food security can crash seasonally and simultaneously, demonstrating the fallacies of environmental and social policies which assume stability of food availability in resource‐rich areas. Our results have implications for degraded habitats where falls in catch rates also occur. This suggests that overharvesting, as with other causes of reduced catch rates, could cause food insecurity in wildlife‐reliant populations.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Automated damage detection and characterization of polymer composite images using Tsallis‐particle swarm optimization‐based multilevel threshold and multifractals
Authors: Agastinose Ronickom Jac Fredo , Retnakaran Sobhana Abilash , Robert Femi , Nadaradjane Sri Madhava Raja , Chelliah Suresh Kumar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAutomatic detection and quantification of damage in the composite structure are a vital requirement in the assessment of the overall structural integrity of modern aerospace systems. In this work, the indentation‐induced damage in the glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composite (GFRP) laminates is investigated using multilevel threshold‐based particle swarm optimization (PSO) and multifractals. Initially, the digital images are acquired after the composite laminates are subjected to 5 mm, 6 mm, and 7 mm indentation displacements. The indentation‐induced damage images are filtered using anisotropic diffusion filter and damage regions are segmented using Tsallis‐PSO method. The magnitude of the damage is analyzed using multifractal spectrum features. Results show that Tsallis‐PSO with the four‐level thresholds is optimal for the segmentation of the damage. Tsallis‐PSO is also able to segment the boundaries of the damage precisely. The damage due to different levels of indentation depth is well differentiated by the multifractal spectrum features. Multifractal spectrum constructed using the scale, ranges from q = −1 to +1, discriminates the damage with a high statistical significance of P < .001. The damage dimension linearly progresses (R = .993) with increasing the level of indentation depth. Even though, the proposed process pipeline is an initial step of investigation of damages in GFRP, this framework can be used in the industries for the quantification of damage in GFRP composite laminates.
Base de Datos para la Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica en Atención Primaria (BIFAP): A data resource for pharmacoepidemiology in Spain
Authors: Maciá‐Martínez Miguel‐Angel , Gil Miguel , Huerta Consuelo , Martín‐Merino Elisa , Álvarez Arturo , Bryant Verónica , Montero Dolores ,   the BIFAP Team
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeBase de Datos para la Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica en Atención Primaria (BIFAP) is a population based database administered by the AEMPS (Spanish Agency for Medicines) of longitudinal electronic medical records (EMR) of patients attended in primary care. Its main purpose is to serve as source of information for independent studies on drug safety and support of medicines regulation activities. This article aim is to describe the characteristics of BIFAP, how to access the database and a summary of its potential for research.MethodsHealth problems are registered by primary care physicians as episodes of care and include socio‐demographic data, results of diagnostic procedures, lifestyle data, general data, and interventions. A proportion of data on hospitalizations and specialist care are currently available through linkage with other data sources. EMRs of the Spanish healthcare system are provided by the regional administrations. Specific data extraction and standardization processes are performed.ResultsBIFAP includes data from 12 million patients starting in 2001 and updated annually. Validation of drug and diagnosis definitions has been ascertained. Participation in international collaborative projects and a number of articles in peer reviewed journals reflect its contribution to the knowledge of the risks associated with medicines and drug utilization patterns.ConclusionsBIFAP is a useful tool for generating scientific evidence on medicines related issues, helping regulatory decision making in Europe. The main strengths of BIFAP are related to large sample size, population‐based, longitudinal nature and annual update of data. BIFAP shares common challenges with similar data sources including accurate and efficient identification of health outcomes and of treatment exposure.
Why is an evidence‐based classification of personality disorder so elusive?
Authors: Livesley W. John 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTDespite recent revisions, the classification of personality disorder remains a matter of dispute, and there is little evidence of consistent progress toward an evidence‐based system. This essay examines four issues impeding taxonomic progress and explores how they might be addressed. First, the phenomenological and aetiological complexity of personality disorder poses a formidable challenge to traditional taxonomic methods. Second, current classifications incorporate assumptions such as a stringent version of medical model and an essentialist philosophy that are inconsistent with empirical evidence. Third, despite the claims of trait psychology, a viable alternative to categorical diagnosis is not available. Contemporary trait models have not gained widespread clinical acceptance and substantial conceptual and methodological limitations compromise their clinical value. Finally, the processes used to revise official classifications are biased toward conservative revisions and difficult to shield from non‐scientific influences. It is suggested that rather making further attempts to develop a general monolithic classification that meets all needs, consideration be given to developing a more flexible and multifaceted framework that combines diagnosis and assessment. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lung ultrasound in the neonatal intensive care unit: Review of the literature and future perspectives
Authors: Corsini Iuri , Parri Niccolò , Ficial Benjamim , Dani Carlo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLung ultrasound (LU) has been increasingly used as a point‐of‐care method in recent years. LU has numerous advantages compared to traditional imaging tools such as chest X‐ray (radiography) (CXR): it is faster and portable, does not use ionizing radiation, is performed by the same physician who cares for the patient, and can be repeated to follow the progress of the disease and the response to treatment. There is a large body of evidence that LU has an excellent diagnostic effectiveness compared to CXR, not only in adults and children, but also in neonates. This review article describes how to perform LU, how to interpret findings, and how to use LU to diagnose and differentiate common neonatal pulmonary diseases. Strengths but also limits of the technique are highlighted. Finally, we describe the recent revolutionary role of LU. The development of scoring methods in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome allowed to quantify the severity of the disease and to assist the physician in the clinical management and follow‐up.
Mechanistic Differences in Cell Death Responses to Metal‐Based Engineered Nanomaterials in Kupffer Cells and Hepatocytes
Authors: Wang Xiang , Chang Chong Hyun , Jiang Jinhong , Liu Xiangsheng , Li Jiulong , Liu Qi , Liao Yu‐Pei , Li Linjiang , Nel André E. , Xia Tian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe mononuclear phagocyte system in the liver is a frequent target for nanoparticles (NPs). A toxicological profiling of metal‐based NPs is performed in Kupffer cell (KC) and hepatocyte cell lines. Sixteen NPs are provided by the Nanomaterial Health Implications Research Consortium of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to study the toxicological effects in KUP5 (KC) and Hepa 1–6 cells. Five NPs (Ag, CuO, ZnO, SiO2, and V2O5) exhibit cytotoxicity in both cell types, while SiO2 and V2O5 induce IL‐1β production in KC. Ag, CuO, and ZnO induced caspase 3 generated apoptosis in both cell types is accompanied by ion shedding and generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both cell types. However, the cell death response to SiO2 in KC differs by inducing pyroptosis as a result of potassium efflux, caspase 1 activation, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, IL‐1β release, and cleavage of gasdermin‐D. This releases pore‐performing peptide fragments responsible for pyroptotic cell swelling. Interestingly, although V2O5 induces IL‐1β release and delays caspase 1 activation by vanadium ion interference in membrane Na+/K+ adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase activity, the major cell death mechanism in KC (and Hepa 1–6) is caspase 3 mediated apoptosis. These findings improve the understanding of the mechanisms of metal‐based engineered nanomaterial (ENM) toxicity in liver cells toward comprehensive safety evaluation.
Continued Efforts on Nanomaterial‐Environmental Health and Safety Is Critical to Maintain Sustainable Growth of Nanoindustry
Authors: Liu Sijin , Xia Tian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNanotechnology is enjoying an impressive growth and the global nanotechnology industry is expected to exceed US$ 125 billion by 2024. Based on these successes, there are notions that enough is known and efforts on engineered nanomaterial environmental health and safety (nano‐EHS) research should be put on the back burner. However, there are recent events showing that it is not the case. The US Food and Drug Administration found ferumoxytol (carbohydrate‐coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle) for anemia treatment could induce lethal anaphylactic reactions. The European Union will categorize TiO2 as a category 2 carcinogen due to its inhalation hazard and France banned use of TiO2 (E171) in food from January 1, 2020 because of its carcinogenic potential. Although nanoindustry is seemingly in a healthy state, growth could be hindered for the lack of certainty and more nano‐EHS research is needed for the sustainable growth of nanoindustry. Herein, the current knowledge gaps and the way forward are elaborated.
Nanomaterial Transformation in the Soil–Plant System: Implications for Food Safety and Application in Agriculture
Authors: Zhang Peng , Guo Zhiling , Zhang Zhiyong , Fu Hualing , White Jason C. , Lynch Iseult 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEngineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have huge potential for improving use efficiency of agrochemicals, crop production, and soil health; however, the behavior and fate of ENMs and the potential for negative long‐term impacts to agroecosystems remain largely unknown. In particular, there is a lack of clear understanding of the transformation of ENMs in both soil and plant compartments. The transformation can be physical, chemical, and/or biological, and may occur in soil, at the plant interface, and/or inside the plant. Due to these highly dynamic processes, ENMs may acquire new properties distinct from their original profile; as such, the behavior, fate, and biological effects may also differ significantly. Several essential questions in terms of ENMs transformation are discussed, including the drivers and locations of ENM transformation in the soil–plant system and the effects of ENM transformation on analyte uptake, translocation, and toxicity. The main knowledge gaps in this area are highlighted and future research needs are outlined so as to ensure sustainable nanoenabled agricultural applications.
Platelet Membrane‐Camouflaged Magnetic Nanoparticles for Ferroptosis‐Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Jiang Qin , Wang Kuang , Zhang Xingyu , Ouyang Boshu , Liu Haixia , Pang Zhiqing , Yang Wuli 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a tremendously promising cancer therapy method, it remains effective only for several cancers. Photoimmunotherapy (e.g., photodynamic/photothermal therapy) could synergistically enhance the immune response of immunotherapy. However, excessively generated immunogenicity will cause serious inflammatory response syndrome. Herein, biomimetic magnetic nanoparticles, Fe3O4‐SAS @ PLT, are reported as a novel approach to sensitize effective ferroptosis and generate mild immunogenicity, enhancing the response rate of non‐inflamed tumors for cancer immunotherapy. Fe3O4‐SAS@PLT are built from sulfasalazine (SAS)‐loaded mesoporous magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and platelet (PLT) membrane camouflage and triggered a ferroptotic cell death via inhibiting the glutamate‐cystine antiporter system Xc− pathway. Fe3O4‐SAS @ PLT‐mediated ferroptosis significantly improves the efficacy of programmed cell death 1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy and achieves a continuous tumor elimination in a mouse model of 4T1 metastatic tumors. Proteomics studies reveal that Fe3O4‐SAS @ PLT‐mediated ferroptosis could not only induce tumor‐specific immune response but also efficiently repolarize macrophages from immunosuppressive M2 phenotype to antitumor M1 phenotype. Therefore, the concomitant of Fe3O4‐SAS @ PLT‐mediated ferroptosis with immunotherapy are expected to provide great potential in the clinical treatment of tumor metastasis.
A call for consensus on the use of representative model worlds in systems engineering and design
Authors: Szajnfarber Zoe , Grogan Paul T. , Panchal Jitesh H. , Gralla Erica L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSystems engineering and design (SE&D) researchers increasingly tackle questions at the intersection of technical and social aspects of complex systems design. Practical challenges of access, limited observation scope, and long timescales limit empirical study of SE&D phenomena. As a result, studies are typically conducted in model world settings abstracted from the real world, such as behavioral experiments with student subjects. Model worlds must be representative of the phenomena being studied to ensure insights generalize to the real‐world settings. Currently, there is a lack of shared understanding and standards within the SE&D research community to evaluate representativeness of model worlds. This communication captures the results of ongoing efforts to build consensus on this topic: it defines the concept of model worlds, disambiguates representativeness from related concepts, and draws comparisons to other research domains. It outlines a potential path forward and calls for community participation in establishing shared standards for model world representativeness in SE&D research.
Report of the IAU/IAG Joint Working Group on Theory of Earth Rotation and Validation
Authors: Ferrándiz José M. , Gross Richard S. , Escapa Alberto , Getino Juan , Brzeziński Aleksander , Heinkelmann Robert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis report focuses on some selected scientific outcomes of the activities developed by the IAU/IAG Joint Working Group on Theory of Earth rotation and validation along the term 2015–2019. It is based on its end-of-term report to the IAG Commission 3 published in the Travaux de l’IAG 2015–2019, which in its turn updates previous reports to the IAG and IAU, particularly the triennial report 2015–2018 to the IAU Commission A2, and the medium term report to the IAG Commission 3 (2015–2017). The content of the report has served as a basis for the IAG General Assembly to adopt Resolution 5 on Improvement of Earth rotation theories and models.
Ärztliche Vorbildfunktion bezüglich körperlicher Aktivität für Patienten mit psychischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Petzold Moritz Bruno , Ernst Felicitas , Spitzer Ursula , Gabrysch Julian , Schweinfurth Nina , Satorius Norman , Ströhle Andreas , Betzler Felix 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Körperliche Aktivität spielt eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Behandlung psychischer Störungen. Psychiatern/ärztlichen Psychotherapeuten kommt eine Schlüsselrolle dabei zu, ihren Patienten körperliche Aktivität zu empfehlen. Zum Empfehlungsverhalten dieses Kollektivs liegen bisher keine Untersuchungen vor.

Ziele der Arbeit
Das Empfehlungsverhalten in Bezug auf körperliche Aktivität sowie verhaltensbezogene und motivationale Korrelate, die das Empfehlungsverhalten potenziell beeinflussen, bei deutschen Psychiatern/ärztlichen Psychotherapeuten sollte untersucht werden.

Material und Methoden
Insgesamt beantworteten 151 deutsche Psychiater/ärztliche Psychotherapeuten (Alter: M = 32,5 Jahre; Geschlecht: 47,0 % weiblich) einen Onlinefragebogen bezüglich körperlicher Aktivität. Dabei wurden das Empfehlungsverhalten körperlicher Aktivität, die Einstellung, das eigene Aktivitätsverhalten und die Selbstkonkordanz eigener Motivation, körperlich aktiv zu sein, erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Die meisten Psychiater/ärztliche Psychotherapeuten gaben an, körperliche Aktivität einigen (54,5 %, n = 82) oder all ihren Patienten zu empfehlen (33,8 %, n = 51). Das Empfehlungsverhalten korrelierte signifikant positiv mit der Selbstkonkordanz der Motivation (r = 0,19) sowie mit der Einstellung zur Bedeutsamkeit körperlicher Aktivität (r = 0,16). Hingegen bestand keine signifikante Korrelation zwischen dem eignen Aktivitätsniveau und dem Empfehlungsverhalten der Psychiater/ärztlichen Psychotherapeuten (r = 0,04).

Schlussfolgerung
Ein Großteil der Psychiater/ärztlichen Psychotherapeuten empfiehlt körperliche Aktivität. Positiv auf das Empfehlungsverhalten wirkten sich insbesondere die Einschätzung der körperlichen Aktivität als bedeutsam sowie eine hohe Selbstkonkordanz der eigenen Motivation, körperlich aktiv zu sein, aus. Interventionsprogramme, die das Empfehlungsverhalten von Psychiatern/ärztlichen Psychotherapeuten steigern wollen, sollten auf die Selbstkonkordanz der Motivation der Psychiater/ärztlichen Psychotherapeuten, körperlich aktiv zu sein, fokussieren und sich nicht nur auf die Bedeutsamkeit körperlicher Aktivität konzentrieren.
Ultrasensitive RT-QuIC assay with high sensitivity and specificity for Lewy body-associated synucleinopathies
Authors: Rossi Marcello , Candelise Niccolò , Baiardi Simone , Capellari Sabina , Giannini Giulia , Orrù Christina D. , Antelmi Elena , Mammana Angela , Hughson Andrew G. , Calandra-Buonaura Giovanna , Ladogana Anna , Plazzi Giuseppe , Cortelli Pietro , Caughey Byron , Parchi Piero 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe clinical diagnosis of synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), is challenging, especially at an early disease stage, due to the heterogeneous and often non-specific clinical manifestations. The discovery of reliable specific markers for synucleinopathies would consequently be of great aid to the diagnosis and management of these disorders. Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC) is an ultrasensitive technique that has been previously used to detect self-templating amyloidogenic proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and other biospecimens in prion disease and synucleinopathies. Using a wild-type recombinant α-synuclein as a substrate, we applied RT-QuIC to a large cohort of 439 CSF samples from clinically well-characterized, or post-mortem verified patients with parkinsonism or dementia. Of significance, we also studied patients with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) (n = 18) and pure autonomic failure (PAF) (n = 28), representing clinical syndromes that are often caused by a synucleinopathy, and may precede the appearance of parkinsonism or cognitive decline. The results show that our RT-QuIC assay can accurately detect α-synuclein seeding activity across the spectrum of Lewy Body (LB)-related disorders (LBD), including DLB, PD, iRBD, and PAF, with an overall sensitivity of 95.3%. In contrast, all but two patients with MSA showed no α-synuclein seeding activity in the applied experimental setting. The analysis of the fluorescence response reflecting the amount of α-synuclein seeds revealed no significant differences between the clinical syndromes associated with LB pathology. Finally, the assay demonstrated 98% specificity in a neuropathological cohort of 101 cases lacking LB pathology. In conclusion, α-synuclein RT-QuIC provides an accurate marker of synucleinopathies linked to LB pathology and may have a pivotal role in the early discrimination and management of affected patients. The finding of no α-synuclein seeding activity in MSA seems to support the current view that MSA and LBD are associated with different conformational strains of α-synuclein.