bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes of Laparoscopic Versus Laparotomic Distal Gastrectomy in Gastric Cancer Patients: A Multilevel Analysis Based on a Nationwide Administrative Database in Japan
Authors: Shibao Kazunori , Fujino Yoshihisa , Joden Fumi , Tajima Tatehide , Nagata Jun , Sato Nagahiro , Fujimoto Kenji , Shinya Matsuda , Hirata Keiji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study compared the short‐term outcomes and costs of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) with those of open distal gastrectomy (ODG) for gastric cancer using a nationwide administrative database in Japan.MethodOverall, 37,752 patients with gastric cancer who underwent distal gastrectomy at 1074 hospitals in the fiscal year 2012–2013 were evaluated using a diagnosis procedure combination database in Japan. We performed a retrospective analysis via a multilevel analysis (MLA) of the short‐term surgical results and costs of the LDG and ODG groups. The models included the age, sex, comorbid complications, smoking, body mass index (BMI), activity of daily living (ADL), stage, and the number of cases of gastrectomy per facility for adjustment. The in‐hospital mortality relative to the hospital volume was also compared.ResultsThe LDG group required postoperative blood transfusion less frequently and had fewer postoperative complications, shorter hospitalization, and lower operative mortality than the ODG group. While this stage did not correlate with the in‐hospital mortality, the surgical method, age, sex, ADL, BMI, comorbidity, and yearly volume showed a correlation. A significant association in the in‐hospital mortality was observed between low‐ and very‐high‐volume hospitals.ConclusionIn this large nationwide cohort of patients with gastric cancer using an MLA, LDG was shown to be safer with lower mortality and postoperative complication rates than ODG.
Comparison of Different Lactobacilli Regarding Substrate Utilization and Their Tolerance Towards Lignocellulose Degradation Products
Authors: Gubelt Angela , Blaschke Lisa , Hahn Thomas , Rupp Steffen , Hirth Thomas , Zibek Susanne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFermentative lactic acid production is currently impeded by low pH tolerance of the production organisms, the successive substrate consumption of the strains and/or the requirement to apply purified substrate streams. We identified Lactobacillus brevis IGB 1.29 in compost, which is capable of producing lactic acid at low pH values from lignocellulose hydrolysates, simultaneously consuming glucose and xylose. In this study, we compared Lactobacillus brevis IGB 1.29 with the reference strains Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367, Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 and Lactococcus lactis JCM 7638 with regard to the consumption of C5- and C6-sugars. Simultaneous conversion of C5- and C6-monosaccharides was confirmed for L. brevis IGB 1.29 with consumption rates of 1.6 g/(L h) for glucose and 1.0 g/(L h) for xylose. Consumption rates were lower for L. brevis ATCC 367 with 0.6 g/(L h) for glucose and 0.2 g/(L h) for xylose. Further trials were carried out to determine the sensitivity towards common toxic degradation products in lignocellulose hydrolysates: acetate, hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, formate, levulinic acid and phenolic compounds from hemicellulose fraction. L. lactis was the least tolerant strain towards the inhibitors, whereas L. brevis IGB 1.29 showed the highest tolerance. L. brevis IGB 1.29 exhibited only 10% growth reduction at concentrations of 26.0 g/L acetate, 1.2 g/L furfural, 5.0 g/L formate, 6.6 g/L hydroxymethylfurfural, 9.2 g/L levulinic acid or 2.2 g/L phenolic compounds. This study describes a new strain L. brevis IGB 1.29, that enables efficient lactic acid production with a lignocellulose-derived C5- and C6-sugar fraction.
Consultation on kidney stones, Copenhagen 2019: lithotripsy in percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Axelsson Tomas Andri , Cracco Cecilia , Desai Mahesh , Hasan Mudhar Nazar , Knoll Thomas , Montanari Emanuele , Pérez-Fentes Daniel , Straub Michael , Thomas Kay , Williams James C. , Brehmer Marianne , Osther Palle J. S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the balance between existing evidence and expert opinions on the safety and efficacy of new technological improvements in lithotripsy techniques for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Methods
A scoping review approach was applied to search literature in Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science. Consensus by key opinion leaders was reached at a 2-day meeting entitled “Consultation on Kidney Stones: Aspects of Intracorporeal Lithotripsy” held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in September 2019.

Results
New-generation dual-mode single-probe lithotripsy devices have shown favourable results compared with use of ballistic or ultrasonic lithotripters only. However, ballistic and ultrasonic lithotripters are also highly effective and safe and have been the backbone of PCNL for many years. Compared with standard PCNL, it seems that mini PCNL is associated with fewer bleeding complications and shorter hospital admissions, but also with longer operating room (OR) time and higher intrarenal pressure. Use of laser lithotripsy combined with suction in mini PCNL is a promising alternative that may improve such PCNL by shortening OR times. Furthermore, supine PCNL is a good alternative, especially in cases with complex renal stones and large proximal ureteric stones; in addition, it facilitates endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS).

Conclusion
Recent technological improvements in PCNL techniques are promising, but there is a lack of high-level evidence on safety and efficacy. Different techniques suit different types of stones and patients. The evolution of diverse methods has given urologists the possibility of a personalized stone approach, in other words, the right approach for the right patient.
Rezidivierendes DMEK-Versagen
Authors: Matar C. , Seitz B. , Daas L. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen Fuchs-Endotheldystrophie-Patienten mit drei „Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty“ (DMEK) bei rezidierendem Transplantatversagen mit Intraokulardruckerhöhung und cystoides Makulaödem. Bei der dritten DMEK wurde Herpes im Vorderkammeraspirat nachgewiesen und eine adäquate Therapie eingeleitet. Bei der 6 Monaten-Kontrolle blieb die Hornhaut klar, der Visus betrug 0,8, der Intraokulardruck lag im Normbereich und das Makulaödem bildete sich zurück. Entweder wurde eine latente Herpes simplex Virus(HSV)-Infektion des Patienten reaktiviert oder eine befallene Spender-Lamelle transplantiert mit Spender-zu-Wirt-zu-Spender „Ping-Pong“ Übertragung.
Oncological colorectal surgery during the COVID-19pandemic—a national survey
Authors: Brunner Maximilian , Krautz Christian , Kersting Stephan , Weber Georg F. , Stinner Benno , Benz Stefan R. , Grützmann Robert 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to clarify the surgical supply situation of oncological colorectal patients in Germany during limitations of the OR caseload due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Between 11th and 19th April 2020, all members of a consortium of German colorectal cancer centers were invited to participate in a web-based survey on the current status of surgical care situation of colorectal cancer patients in Germany.

Results
A total of 112 colorectal surgeons of 101 German hospitals participated in the survey. Eighty-seven percent of the participating hospitals had to reduce their total surgical caseload and 34% their surgical volume for oncological colorectal patients during COVID-19 pandemic. Restrictions of the surgical caseload were independent of the size of the hospital and the number of cases of COVID-19 in the federal state of the hospital. Sixteen percent of colorectal surgeons consider surgical limitations to be not justified and 78% to be justified only if the care of oncological patients is ensured. Ninety-five percent of the colorectal surgeons interviewed stated that all oncological colorectal patients with an indication for surgery should be operated in time, despite the current reservations for COVID-19 patients. For the majority of the respondents (63% and 51%, respectively), an extended waiting time for surgery of up to 2 weeks was acceptable for non-metastatic and metastatic patients, respectively.

Conclusion
In Germany, there is a temporarily relevant reduction of surgical volume in oncological colorectal patients. Most colorectal surgeons stated that oncological colorectal surgery should not be compromised despite the measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Erwartungserwartungen
Authors: Scheer Peter 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer radikale Konstruktivismus ist eine erkenntnistheoretische Strömung des letzten Jahrhunderts. Vor dem Hintergrund einer sich auflösenden Zeit-Raum-Konstante wurde es nötig, neue erkenntnistheoretische Konzepte zu erfinden. Der radikale Konstruktivismus basiert auf der Erkenntnis, dass wir nur das wahrnehmen können, was wir sensorisch-sinnlich an- und aufnehmen und kennt definitionsgemäß keine absolute „Wahrheit“ mehr. Wahrnehmung und Verarbeitung ist also ein immer individuell subjektives Phänomen, die Wirklichkeit ein Konstrukt, das im Einzelnen entsteht und handlungsleitend wird.In der Interaktion zwischen Eltern, Kind und Arzt können und müssen die Wirklichkeitskonstruktionen naturgemäß unterschiedlich sein. Sowohl durch die emotionalen Bindungen, als auch durch die Annahmen über die Befindlichkeiten des Kindes. Die Konstruktionen des Arztes sind dabei durch die vom Souverän gegebene Macht der Wirklichkeitserklärung, die sich in den Gebilden Universität und Weiterbildung abbilden, als die „Richtigen“ gekennzeichnet. Denen haben sich die Eltern sozusagen von sich aus unterzuordnen, ansonsten werden sie als „non-compliant“ verurteilt. Anregungen, Ideen des Konstruktivismus in die eigene Reflexion aufzunehmen, werden gegeben.
Improving control effects of absence seizures using single-pulse alternately resetting stimulation (SARS) of corticothalamic circuit
Authors: Fan Denggui , Zheng Yanhong , Yang Zecheng , Wang Qingyun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPresently, we develop a simplified corticothalamic (SCT) model and propose a single-pulse alternately resetting stimulation (SARS) with sequentially applying anodic (A, “+”) or cathodic (C, “−”) phase pulses to the thalamic reticular (RE) nuclei, thalamus-cortex (TC) relay nuclei, and cortical excitatory (EX) neurons, respectively. Abatement effects of ACC-SARS of RE, TC, and EX for the 2Hz–4Hz spike and wave discharges (SWD) of absence seizures are then concerned. Them:non-off ACC-SARS protocol is shown to effectively reduce the SWD with the least current consumption. In particular, when its frequency is out of the 2 Hz–4Hz SWD dominant rhythm, the desired seizure abatements can be obtained, which can be further improved by our proposed directional steering (DS) stimulation. The dynamical explanations for the SARS induced seizure abatements are lastly given by calculating the averaged mean firing rate (AMFR) of neurons and triggering averaged mean firing rates (TAMFRs) of 2Hz–4Hz SWD.
Answering the Conventionalist Challenge to Natural Rights Theory
Authors: Christmas Billy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBen Bryan argues that the strongest challenge to natural rights theory is to explain how it overcomes the Problem of Authority. Given that our natural rights are multiply realisable by a range of equally reasonable social conventions, how or why ought one particular realisation have authority? I argue that Thomistic and Kantian solutions to this problem do not count as solutions from natural rights theory, and therefore offer my own solution. When theories of natural rights describe the rights we have in terms that refer not only to moralised act-types, but rather, tell us which non-moralised act-types ought to be moralised in the relevant way, they avoid the Problem of Authority altogether. Such theories of natural rights are singularly realisable at the level of regulative conventional rules, and only multiply realisable at the level of constitutive conventional rules. The latter form of multiple realisability does not raise the Problem of Authority.
Epidemiology of hip fracture and the development of a FRAX model for Uzbekistan
Authors: Lesnyak O , Ismailov S , Shakirova M , Alikhanova N , Zakroyeva A , Abboskhujaeva L , Johansson H , Harvey NC , McCloskey E , Kanis JA 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Summary
A prospective population-based survey in a region of the Republic of Uzbekistan determined the incidence of fractures at the hip. The hip fracture rates were used to create a FRAX® model to facilitate fracture risk assessment in Uzbekistan.

Objective
This paper describes the epidemiology of hip fracture in the Republic of Uzbekistan that was used to develop a country-specific FRAX® tool for fracture prediction.

Methods
During a 1-year (2016/17) prospective population-based survey in the Pap district of the Republic of Uzbekistan, hip fractures were prospectively identified from hospital registers, trauma centres and primary care and community sources. Age- and sex-specific incidence of hip fracture and national mortality rates were incorporated into a FRAX model for Uzbekistan. Fracture probabilities were compared with those from neighbouring Kazakhstan and Kyrgystan.

Results
Approximately 41% of hip fracture cases did not come to medical attention, and two thirds of patients overall were not admitted to hospital. The incidence of hip fracture applied nationally suggested that the estimated number of hip fractures nationwide in persons over the age of 50 years for 2015 was 16,764 and is predicted to increase more than three-fold to 60,272 in 2050. FRAX-based probabilities were higher in Uzbekistan than Kazakhstan or Kyrgystan.

Conclusion
The FRAX model should enhance accuracy of determining fracture probability among the Uzbek population and help guide decisions about treatment.
GARG: Anonymous Recommendation of Point-of-Interest in Mobile Networks by Graph Convolution Network
Authors: Wu Shiwen , Zhang Yuanxing , Gao Chengliang , Bian Kaigui , Cui Bin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe advances of mobile equipment and localization techniques put forward the accuracy of the location-based service (LBS) in mobile networks. One core issue for the industry to exploit the economic interest of the LBSs is to make appropriate point-of-interest (POI) recommendation based on users’ interests. Today, the LBS applications expect the recommender systems to recommend the accurate next POI in an anonymous manner, without inquiring users’ attributes or knowing the detailed features of the vast number of POIs. To cope with the challenge, we propose a novel attentive model to recommend appropriate new POIs for users, namely Geographical Attentive Recommendation via Graph (GARG), which takes full advantage of the collaborative, sequential and content-aware information. Unlike previous strategies that equally treat POIs in the sequence or manually define the relationships between POIs, GARG adaptively differentiates the relevance of POIs in the sequence to the prediction, and automatically identifies the POI-wise correlation. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of GARG and reveal a significant improvement by GARG on the precision, recall and mAP metrics, compared to several state-of-the-art baseline methods.
Zelluläre Pathomechanismen der akuten Pankreatitis
Authors: Sendler Matthias , Lerch Markus M. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDas exokrine Pankreas produziert und sezerniert alle für die Verdauung wichtigen Enzyme. Die akute Pankreatitis ist eine Entzündungsreaktion der Bauchspeicheldrüse, die durch die vorzeitige Aktivierung dieser pankreatischen Verdauungsenzyme noch in den exokrinen Zellen selbst verursacht wird. Im weiteren Verlauf der Erkrankung kann dieser lokale pankreatische Schaden systemisch werden und zu schwerwiegenden Komplikationen führen wie z. B. Organversagen, systemischer Schock oder auch die Infektion der Pankreasnekrose bis hin zur Sepsis. Experimentelle als auch klinische Studien haben versucht, die komplexen Mechanismen, die hinter der Entstehung der Erkrankung stehen, aufzuklären. Neuste wissenschaftliche Arbeiten zeichnen ein immer komplexer werdendes Bild der Krankheitsentstehung. Neben der Aktivierung von Trypsinogen zu Trypsin, die als das Schlüsselereignis der Pankreatitis angesehen wird, rücken auch andere pathophysiologische Ursachen immer mehr in den Fokus wie z. B. endoplasmatischer Retikulum Stress (ER-Stress), eine fehlerhafte Autophagie und der gesteigerte mitochondriale Schaden. Neben diesen subzellulären Ereignissen spielt auch die Immunreaktion eine wichtige Rolle für den Verlauf und den Schweregrad der Erkrankung. Infiltrierende Leukozyten verstärken den lokalen Schaden noch einmal und induzieren eine systemische Immunantwort, die hauptverantwortlich für die systemischen Komplikationen ist. Parallel zu einer starken proinflammatorischen Reaktion, ausgehend vom entzündeten Pankreas, kommt es zu einer antiinflammatorischen Gegenregulation, die ebenfalls mit schwerwiegenden Komplikationen, wie z. B. der Infektion der Pankreasnekrose, einhergeht. Dieses komplexe Zusammenspiel verschiedener Zellen und Mechanismen stellt letztendlich das Gesamtbild der Erkrankung dar und macht bis heute eine kausale Therapie schier unmöglich.
Health monitoring of bolted joints using modal-based vibrothermography
Authors: Chi Xintian , Di Maio Dario , Lieven Nicholas A. J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article presents a novel modal-based vibrothermographic approach for health monitoring of loosening bolted joints in coupled structures. In this article, the theoretical background supporting this proposed approach is firstly presented. Through finite element analyses on a simple bolted structure with varying joint conditions achieved by adjustment of bolt loads, the relationship between the bolt load and the temperature increase in the vibrating bolted joint during vibrothermographic tests was revealed. Experimental vibrothermographic tests on a more complex structure were completed to verify the observations from the finite element analyses while demonstrating the viability of the vibrothermographic approach in a laboratory environment. It has been shown that this vibrothermographic approach was able to determine the stage of a bolted joint in its progression of failure by tracing the changes in the temperature increase in relevant regions during vibrothermographic tests. Moreover, additional tests have been performed to illustrate that this approach was effective even by using only the residual responses of the structure’s vibration that were away from the resonances, which indicates it is more applicable to structures with higher damping as such structures have stronger residual responses during vibration that can be utilized. In the concluding observations of the article, the procedure for practical application of this approach is summarized, and its potential for further development is discussed.
The effect of future land use changes on hydrologic ecosystem services: a case study from the Zala catchment, Hungary
Authors: Decsi Bence , Vári Ágnes , Kozma Zsolt 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMaintaining and, where possible, improving the ecological status of our water resources are of particular importance for the future. So, one of the main drivers of landscape design must be to protect our waters. In this study, we carried out an evaluation of four hydrologic ecosystem services (HES) in the Zala River catchment area, the largest tributary of Lake Balaton (more than half of the lake’s surface inflow comes from the Zala River), Hungary. The lake has great ecological, economic and social importance to the country. We used the cell-based InVEST model to quantify the spatial distribution of flood control, erosion control and nutrient retention ecosystem services for phosphorus and nitrogen; then, we carried out an aggregated evaluation. Thereby, we localized the hot spots of service delivery and tested the effect of focused land use changes in critical areas of low performance on the examined four HES. Forests proved to have the best aggregated result, while croplands near the stream network performed poorly. The modelled change in land use resulted in significant improvement on nutrient filtration and moderate to minimal but improving change for the other HES in most cases. The applied method is suitable as a supporting tool at the watershed level for decision-makers and landscape designers with the aim of protecting water bodies.
4209 Early Electrographic Seizure Detection by Neuro ICU Nurses via Bedside Real-Time Quantitative EEG
Authors: Kaleem Safa , Kang Jennifer H. , Sahgal Alok , Hernandez Christian E. , Swisher Christa B. 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES/GOALS:
1.Determine test characteristics of Neuro ICU nurse interpretation of real-time bedside qEEG for seizure detection2.Determine difference in time to detection of seizures between qEEG interpretation and raw cEEG reads3.Determine how seizure characteristics affect accuracy of qEEG readsMETHODS/STUDY POPULATION:
Subjects: Nurses caring for patients admitted to the Neuro ICU at Duke University Hospital who are initiated on cEEG.Nurses evaluate qEEG display at the bedside on an hourly basis after undergoing a standardized qEEG training session. The standard practice of independent review of cEEG and treatment by the Neuro ICU team remains unchanged.Post-hoc review of cEEG data by two blinded, board-certified neurophysiologists will be performed for each patient. The raw cEEG data will be scored for the number of seizures present per hour, background, seizure duration, and seizure spatial extent.The time from first seizure occurrence to clinical recognition will be recorded.RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS:
Thus far, 91 patients with 583 1-hour blocks of nurse interpretations have been studied, with 6 patients experiencing seizures while on study. Enrollment will be completed on 1/17/20Preliminary data show a sensitivity of 95.8% (79.9%, 99.9%), specificity of 95.2 (93.1%, 96.8%), positive predictive value of 46.0% (36.9%, 55.4%), negative predictive value of 99.8% (98.7%, 99.9%), positive likelihood ratio of 19.8 (13.6, 28.9), negative likelihood ratio (0.04 (0.01, 0.3). All confidence intervals are 95%. False alarm rate is 0.05/hour.Further analyses are pending completion of enrollment in January 2020.DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Nurse interpretation of real-time bedside qEEG for seizure detection is feasible in the Duke Neuro ICU. QEEG functions well as a screening tool with good specificity and low false alarm rate. Use of qEEG by nurses could lead to shorter time to seizure detection, which may improve patient outcomes. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: Safa Kaleem, BS: Research reported in this publication was supported by a Pfizer Foundation grant and the Duke Clinical Translational Science Institute (CTSI). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Pfizer Foundation or the Duke CTSI. Jennifer H. Kang, MD: None to declare. Alok Sahgal, MD: None to declare. Christa B. Swisher, MD: Received speaker’s honorarium from EISAI and UCB.