bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General neutrino mass spectrum and mixing properties in seesaw mechanisms *
Authors: Flieger Wojciech , Gluza Janusz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Neutrinos stand out among the elementary particles because of their unusually small masses. Various seesaw mechanisms attempt to explain this fact. In this work, applying insights from matrix theory, we are in a position to treat variants of seesaw mechanisms in a general manner. Specifically, using Weyl's inequalities, we discuss and rigorously prove under which conditions the seesaw framework leads to a mass spectrum with exactly three light neutrinos. We find an estimate of the mass of heavy neutrinos to be the mass obtained by neglecting light neutrinos, shifted at most by the maximal strength of the coupling to the light neutrino sector. We provide analytical conditions allowing one to prescribe that precisely two out of five neutrinos are heavy. For higher-dimensional cases the inverse eigenvalue methods are used. In particular, for the CP-invariant scenarios we show that if the neutrino sector has a valid mass matrix after neglecting the light ones, i.e. if the respective mass submatrix is positive definite, then large masses are provided by matrices with large elements accumulated on the diagonal. Finally, the Davis-Kahan theorem is used to show how masses affect the rotation of light neutrino eigenvectors from the standard Euclidean basis. This general observation concerning neutrino mixing, together with results on the mass spectrum properties, opens directions for further neutrino physics studies using matrix analysis.
Phishing Websites Detection Based on Hybrid Model of Deep Belief Network and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Yu Xuqiao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The boosting of financial crimes that employ technical methods has become a critical issue that is urgent to be solved. However, the performance of most of the traditional classification methods are dependent on the quality of the prior knowledge of features. To address these problems, this paper proposed a hybrid model that combines the advantages of deep learning neural network of Deep Belief Network and machine learning method of Support Vector Machines. Firstly, the unidentified URLs from blacklist filtering are processed to have the URLs features extracted, the features are including statistical features, webpage code features and webpage text features. Secondly, deep features are extracted by the quick classification of deep learning model. Lastly, the resulting feature vectors combining with URL statistical features, webpage code features, webpage text features are fed into SVM model for classification. The model was tested on a dataset containing millions of phishing URLs and legitimate URLs, and have achieved the accuracy of 99.96%, the precision rate of 99.94% and the false positive rate of 51.32% which showed better performance than other comparison models.
Research on Transition of Hakka Enclosed Dwellings using Integral Theory
Authors: Yang Xin , Tang Zhaohui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article makes an analysis of the transition of Hakka enclosed dwellings using Integral Theory and its core diagram AQAL (All Quadrants, All Levels). It summarizes the differences between the Hakka enclosed dwellings in North Guangdong (China) and the Middle South by comparing them separately in the four quadrants of the AQAL diagram: the interior personal experience and psychology, collective culture and meaning; the exterior function, anatomy, form and systems. Integral theory and AQAL diagram helps concern with integrating, or bringing into relationship, knowledge fragmented between specialisms, which may induce us to get more complete and sustainable tactics in traditional vernacular dwelling protection.
Study on non-plane propagation characteristics of fracturing fractures in tight sandstone of Qiulin block under high geo-stress
Authors: Huifen Han , Junliang Peng , Yintong Guo , Xinping Gao , Jian Min , Jun Zhou , Qiuyun He 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to study the propagation characteristics of hydraulic fracturing fractures in tight sandstone reservoirs in Qiulin block, Sichuan Basin, hydraulic fracturing of tight sandstone under high triaxial in-situ stress were carried out by using a large true triaxial fracturing physical experimental system. The fracture morphology and pump pressure curves under different in-situ stress, fracturing fluid types and displacement were obtained. The experimental results show that: (1) under high geo-stress conditions, the fracture morphology of tight sandstone after hydraulic fracturing is relatively simple, and complex fracture characteristics are less formed. The sedimentary characteristics and the development of internal natural fractures are the main control factors affecting the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fracturing fractures. (2) The characteristics of in-situ stress affect the fracture initiation and propagation direction. When the vertical in-situ stress is equal to the horizontal minimum principal stress, the horizontal fracturing fractures perpendicular to the vertical in-situ stress direction can be formed, and most of the fracturing fractures are non-plane propagation fractures. (3) When the low displacement slick water is used for fracturing, the fracturing fluid is easy to enter into the micro fractures inside the tight sandstone, which is helpful to open the original micro fractures, and the fracture morphology after fracturing is relatively complex; when the high displacement slick water or high viscosity linear gel is used for fracturing, the fractures with non-planar expansion are formed after fracturing. The research results can provide some technical support for the reservoir reconstruction of the second member of ES_2 formation in Qiulin block, Sichuan.
Study on Relationship between Pore Structure and Mechanical Properties of Concrete Using Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom ash as Fine Aggregate
Authors: Shi Dongsheng , Huang Yuan , Liu Sijie , Han Jiatong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Municipal Solid waste incineration bottom ash(MSWI BA) is a silicon-calcium-aluminum oxide obtained by high-temperature calcining of municipal waste. Its appearance is similar to natural sand, and its chemical composition is similar to cement clinker. It can be used as concrete fine aggregate replace natural sand in a small amount. This paper tested the physical and chemical properties of MSWI BA, and obtained the compressive strength and microscopic pore structure parameters through experiments of 5 water-binder ratios, 3 sand replacement ratios, and 2 curing ages of municipal solid waste incineration MSWI BA concrete, and analyzed the relationship between pore structure and mechanical properties. The results show that the compressive strength of MSWI BA replacement sand concrete decreases with the increase of air content, bubble chord length and bubble spacing coefficient, and increases with the increase of bubble specific area. The fractal dimension of bubble distribution of MSWI BA replacement sand concrete is between 1.833∼2.259, and that of ordinary concrete is between 2.138∼2.495. The compressive strength increases with the increase of the fractal dimension of bubble distribution.
Study on the System of Urban Responsible Planners at Home and Abroad
Authors: Ma Jing , Deng Xiaoying , Liu Hongjie , Liu Xiaoxi , Zhao Rui , Fang Ming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is of great reference for the studying of the successful implementation of the responsible planners system and examples. The role of the responsible planner as a bridge, providing local services, deepening the understanding of the territory and mutual trust with the territorial units through the model projects, protecting the interests of the responsible planner by multi platforms, etc., provided useful reference to the establishment and improvement of Beijing responsible planners system, including the team selection, work contents and work methods, as well as the working mechanism, security system, evaluation mechanism and other aspects.
Coupling analysis of land space development and protection and economic and social development in Julu County
Authors: Su Yu , Liu Hongjie , Su Hongyi , Sun Lihong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the stage of rapid development of urban economic society, some cities adopt the compact land and space development strategy to control the unlimited expansion of cities. However, the effect is counterproductive. It not only hinders the development of urban social economy, but also leads to a wider range of suburban urbanization and rapid urban sprawl. On the other hand, if the aggressive urban expansion plan is adopted to speed up the urban development, it will lead to more waste of land space resources and ineffective precipitation of investment. Such land space development strategy is also the fetter of urban development. Therefore, the tight and aggressive land and space development strategies are the constraints of urban economic and social development. In view of this, only by understanding the macro background of the economic and social development of Julu County, analyzing the relationship between the use of land space and economic and social development, scientifically formulating the strategy of land and space utilization of Julu County, can we achieve the strategic goal of orderly and harmonious economic and social development. This paper will use SPSS software to analyzing the correlation between socioeconomic data and land use data, Using the results to specifically and quantitatively analyze the relationship between social economic development and land space development and utilization. The result shows that the urban land area is positively correlated with multiple economic data, the development of towns has a positive effect on the economy. But reasonable land use planning and effective protection of the ecological environment are still essential.
Gender-Dependent Crossmodal Interactions Between Olfactory and Tactile Stimulation Revealed Using the Unimodal Tactile Stimulation Device (UniTaSD)
Authors: Sijben Rik , Hensel Sonja M , Rodriguez-Raecke Rea , Freiherr Jessica 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Due to the complex stimulation methods required, olfaction and touch are 2 relatively understudied senses in the field of perceptual (neuro-)science. In order to establish a consistent presentation method for the bimodal stimulation of these senses, we combined an olfactometer with the newly developed Unimodal Tactile Stimulation Device. This setup allowed us to study the influence of olfaction on tactile perception and opened up an unexplored field of research by examining the crossmodal influence of tactile stimuli on olfaction. Using a pseudorandomized design, we analyzed how positive or negative tactile and olfactory stimuli influenced the opposing modality’s perceived intensity and pleasantness. By asking participants to rate tactile stimuli, we were able to reproduce previously reported differences indicating that bimodal presentation with an olfactory stimulus increases or reduces perceived tactile pleasantness in an odor-dependent manner while highlighting that this effect appears unique to women. Furthermore, we found the first evidence for the influence of tactile stimuli on perceived odor pleasantness, an effect that is also driven primarily by women in our study. Based on these findings we believe that future neurophysiological studies, using controlled stimulus presentation can help unravel how and why olfactory and tactile perception interact in the human brain.
Clinicopathological features and current treatment outcomes of neuroendocrine thymic tumours
Authors: Fang Wentao , Filosso Pier Luigi , Roden Anja C , Gu Zhitao , Liu Yuan , Agzarian John , Shen Robert K , Ruffini Enrico 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Neuroendocrine thymic tumours (NETTs) are a distinct subgroup of rare malignancies. An international, multicentre retrospective analysis was used to study the clinicopathological features, current pattern of diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of patients with NETT.

METHODS
One hundred and forty-six NETT treated from 1989 to 2016 at 21 centres in China, Europe and North America were retrospectively collected and reclassified according to the World Health Organization histological type and International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG)/International Association for Studies in Lung Cancer (IASLC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) staging. Clinicopathological features, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and outcomes were investigated. Results in the earlier and latter halves of the study period were also compared.

RESULTS
The pretreatment work-up relied exclusively on computed tomography in 85.6% (125/146) of cases. Most patients had advanced disease, with 32.2% (47/146) having lymph node involvement. Higher-grade histological type was associated with more advanced disease (P &lt; 0.05). Induction therapies and surgical procedures were used more often in the latter half of the study. However, the complete resection rate remained unchanged, being 71.5% (98/137) in the whole group. Complete resection was associated with significantly longer 5-year overall survival (77.2% vs 51.2%; P &lt; 0.001) than incomplete or no resection. Significant survival differences were seen with the T, N and M categories of ITMIG/IASLC/UICC staging. Poorly differentiated carcinoma, ITMIG/IASLC/UICC stage IIIa or above and incomplete or no resection were independent risk factors for worse survival. No survival difference was noted between the earlier and the latter halves of the study (58.2% vs 71.9%; P = 0.299).

CONCLUSIONS
Current management similar to that for thymomas is unsatisfactory in providing disease control or long-term survival for patients with NETT. Specific diagnostic tools and novel therapeutic agents are needed to improve management outcomes of this disease.
Mammary microbial dysbiosis leads to the zoonosis of bovine mastitis: a One-Health perspective
Authors: Maity Sudipa , Ambatipudi Kiran 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBovine mastitis is a prototypic emerging and reemerging bacterial disease that results in cut-by-cut torture to animals, public health and the global economy. Pathogenic microbes causing mastitis have overcome a series of hierarchical barriers resulting in the zoonotic transmission from bovines to humans either by proximity or remotely through milk and meat. The disease control is challenging and has been attributed to faulty surveillance systems to monitor their emergence at the human–animal interface. The complex interaction between the pathogens, the hidden pathobionts and commensals of the bovine mammary gland that create a menace during mastitis remains unexplored. Here, we review the zoonotic potential of these pathogens with a primary focus on understanding the interplay between the host immunity, mammary ecology and the shift from symbiosis to dysbiosis. We also address the pros and cons of the current management strategies and the extent of the success in implementing the One-Health approach to keep these pathogens at bay.
Dissolved inorganic carbon determines the abundance of microbial primary producers and primary production in Tibetan Plateau lakes
Authors: Yue Linyan , Kong Weidong , Li Chunge , Zhu Guibing , Zhu Liping , Makhalanyane Thulani P , Cowan Don A 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Climate change globally accelerates the shrinkage of inland lakes, resulting in increases in both water salinity and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The increases of salinity and DIC generate contrasting effects on microbial primary producers and primary production, however, their combined effects remain unclear in aquatic ecosystems. We hypothesized that increased DIC mitigates the constraints of enhanced salinity on microbial primary producers and primary production. To test this, we employed isotope labeling and molecular methods to explore primary production and four dominant types of microbial primary producers (form IA, IB, IC and ID) in lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. Results showed that DIC was positively correlated with the abundance of the form IAB and ID microbial primary producers and primary production (all P &lt; 0.001) and offset salinity constraints. Structural equation models elucidated that DIC substantially enhanced primary production by stimulating the abundance of form ID microbial primary producers. The abundance of form ID primary producers explained more variations (14.6%) of primary production than form IAB (6%) and physicochemical factors (6.8%). Diatoms (form ID) played a determinant role in primary production in the lakes by adapting to high DIC and high salinity. Our findings suggest that inland lakes may support higher primary productivity in future climate change scenarios.
Physical Performance During the Menopausal Transition and the Role of Physical Activity
Authors: Bondarev Dmitriy , Finni Taija , Kokko Katja , Kujala Urho M , Aukee Pauliina , Kovanen Vuokko , Laakkonen Eija K , Sipilä Sarianna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
To examine longitudinal changes in physical performance during the menopausal transition and the role of physical activity (PA) in these changes.

Methods
Based on follicle-stimulating hormone levels and bleeding diaries, women (47–55 years) were classified as early (n = 89) and late perimenopausal (n = 143) and followed prospectively until postmenopausal status, with mean duration of 17.5 and 13.8 months, respectively. Physical performance was measured by handgrip force, knee extension torque, vertical jumping height, maximal walking speed, and 6-minute walking distance. Physical activity was self-reported and categorized as inactive, low, medium, and high. Longitudinal associations of menopausal status, physical performance, and related changes with PA level were analyzed using generalized estimation equations adjusted for duration of hormonal therapy.

Results
A significant decline over the menopausal transition in handgrip force (−2.1%, 95% CI −3.8 to −0.4), knee extension torque (−2.6%, 95% CI −4.5 to −0.8), and vertical jumping height (−2.6%, 95% CI −4.2 to −1.1) and a significant increase in 6-minute walking distance (2.1%, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.7) were observed in the total sample. A significant interaction of PA by time was observed in handgrip force and in vertical jumping height. High PA women had greater increase in handgrip strength but greater decline in vertical jumping height than medium, low, and inactive women (all p ≤ .001).

Conclusions
Both early and late perimenopausal women show decline in muscle strength and power during the transition to postmenopause. Physical activity seems to influence physical performance during the menopausal transition but understanding the benefits of PA requires interventional studies.
Barriers to the enforcement of mandatory seat belt laws in Ghana: an exploratory study
Authors: Okyere Paul , Agyei-Baffour Peter , Harris Muriel Jean , Mock Charles , Yankson Isaac Kofi , Donkor Peter , Owusu-Dabo Ellis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Road traffic accidents claim millions of lives every year across the world. Fortunately, effective safety and preventive measures such as routine maintenance of vehicles and roads and the use of seat belts exist. Yet, authorities in some countries fail to enforce laws on these measures. One of the barriers to compliance with traffic laws is poor enforcement. Using a cross-sectional study design, we explored the barriers to the enforcement of mandatory seat belt laws in Ghana. We employed an open-ended key informant interview guide to interview 26 staff of the Motor Traffic and Transport Department of the Ghana Police Service, National Road Safety Authority and the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority. The interviews which lasted between 30 and 45 min per session were analysed through a thematic approach facilitated by ATLAS.ti. The findings showed that the barriers to the enforcement of seat belt laws mentioned by the participants were institutional factors (inadequate resources and logistics and inability to enforce vehicle safety standards) political factors (external interference and lack of consensus on seat belt law implementation) and human factors (poor public attitudes and non- recognition of road safety as both individual and collective responsibility). The enforcement of road safety laws could be enhanced by adequately resourcing officers, addressing external interference of police duties and empowering officers to perform their duties without fear or favour. These findings are also useful in continuous public education and enhanced enforcement of the seat belt laws.
Local characteristics associated with higher prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in community-acquired urinary tract infections: an observational, cross-sectional study
Authors: Larramendy Stéphanie , Gaultier Aurélie , Fournier Jean-Pascal , Caillon Jocelyne , Moret Leïla , Beaudeau François 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) in community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) has been increasing worldwide since 2000, but with large geographical variations. The aim of this study was to determine whether the ESBL-E. coli rate in urine samples from individuals with community-acquired UTI was associated with the local socio-economic, environmental, agricultural and healthcare characteristics.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study in western France using data on antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolated from urine samples of individuals with community-acquired UTI analysed in non-hospital laboratories from 2015 to 2017. The ESBL-E. coli rate was calculated for each laboratory. Data on socio-economic characteristics, human antibiotic consumption, hospital bed density, animal farming density and percentage of agricultural land and surface water were retrieved at the municipality level and aggregated by study area. Their association with ESBL-E. coli prevalence was quantified using multivariate linear regression models with a backward selection.

Results
From 358 291 E. coli isolates from urine samples tested in 92 laboratories, the mean ESBL-E. coli prevalence for the study period was 3.30%. In an adjusted model, the ESBL-E. coli rate was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) and positively associated with the local percentage of people &gt;65 years old, third-generation cephalosporin use (DDD/1000 inhabitants), number of hospital beds/km2, poultry density, pig density and percentage of agricultural land. Lower deprivation was associated with a higher ESBL-E. coli rate.

Conclusions
Several anthropogenic factors (primary care, hospitals and animal farming) are associated with the local ESBL-E. coli rate in community-acquired UTI. These results could contribute to improve risk management, including identification of at-risk patient groups.
Identification of PTPRσ-interacting proteins by proximity-labelling assay
Authors: Gong Yuanhao , Abudureyimu Shaniya , Kadomatsu Kenji , Sakamoto Kazuma 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are type-I transmembrane proteins and involved in various biological and pathological processes. Their functions are supposed to be exerted through tyrosine dephosphorylation of their specific substrates. However, our comprehensive understanding of specific substrates or interacting proteins for RPTPs is poor. PTPRσ belongs to class 2a RPTP family, dephosphorylates cortactin, and leads to autophagy flux disruption and axonal regeneration inhibition in response to its ligand chondroitin sulphate. Here, we applied proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) assay, a proximity-labelling assay, to PTPRσ and reproducibly identified the 99 candidates as interactors for PTPRσ including already-known interactors such as Liprin-α and Trio. Of note, cortactin was also listed up in our assay. Our results suggest that the BioID assay is a powerful and reliable tool to identify RPTP-interacting proteins including its specific substrate.