bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of high-oleic peanuts as an alternative feed ingredient on broiler performance, ileal digestibility, apparent metabolizable energy, and histology of the intestine1
Authors: Toomer Ondulla T , Sanders Elliot , Vu Thien C , Malheiros Ramon D , Redhead Adam K , Livingston Matthew L , Livingston Kim A , Carvalho Luiz Victor , Ferket Peter R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Locally grown feed ingredients of high energy and protein content, such as peanuts, maybe economically feasible alternatives to corn and soybean meal in broiler diets. Even though normal-oleic peanuts have been demonstrated to be a viable feed ingredient for poultry, few studies to date have examined the use of high-oleic peanuts (HO PN) as an alternative feed ingredient for broiler chickens. Thus, we aimed to determine the effect of feeding HO PN on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology. Three isocaloric, isonitrogenous experimental diets were formulated with 1) dietary inclusion of ~10% coarse-ground whole HO PN; 2) a corn-soybean meal control diet with 5.5% added poultry fat; and 3) a control diet supplemented with 5.5% oleic fatty acid oil. Three-hundred Ross 708 broilers were randomly placed in 10 replicate pens per treatment with 10 chicks per pen and raised until 42 d. Body weights (BW) and feed intake were determined weekly, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. Jejunum samples were collected at 42 d for histomorphometric analysis. Analysis of variance was performed on all variables using a general linear mixed model in JMP Pro14. Broilers in the HO PN group had lower (P &lt; 0.05) BW and higher FCR than other treatment groups at weeks 2 and 6. There were no significant differences in the jejunum villi surface area between the treatment groups. However, broilers fed the HO PN diet had greater (P = 0.019) apparent metabolizable energy relative to the other treatment groups, suggesting improved nutrient uptake of dietary fats and/or carbohydrates in the HO PN treatment group. However, additional studies are warranted to further define the nutritional value of HO PN as an alternative poultry feed ingredient.
Dependence of Radiation-induced Signals on Geometry of Tooth Enamel Using a 1.15 GHz Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometer: Improvement of Dosimetric Accuracy
Authors: Park Jong In , Choi Kwon , Koo Chang Uk , Oh Jeonghun , Hirata Hiroshi , Swartz Harold M. , Ye Sung-Joon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We aim to improve the accuracy of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-based in vivo tooth dosimetry using the relationship between tooth geometry and radiation-induced signals (RIS). A homebuilt EPR spectrometer at L-band frequency of 1.15 GHz originally designed for non-invasive and in vivo measurements of intact teeth was used to measure the RIS of extracted human teeth. Twenty human central incisors were scanned by microCT and irradiated by 220 kVp x-rays. The RISs of the samples were measured by the EPR spectrometer as well as simulated by using the finite element analysis of the electromagnetic field. A linear relationship between simulated RISs and tooth geometric dimensions, such as enamel area, enamel volume, and labial enamel volume, was confirmed. The dose sensitivity was quantified as a slope of the calibration curve (i.e., RIS vs. dose) for each tooth sample. The linear regression of these dose sensitivities was established for each of three tooth geometric dimensions. Based on these findings, a method for the geometry correction was developed by use of expected dose sensitivity of a certain tooth for one of the tooth geometric dimensions. Using upper incisors, the mean absolute deviation (MAD) without correction was 1.48 Gy from an estimated dose of 10 Gy; however, the MAD corrected by enamel area, volume, and labial volume was reduced to 1.04 Gy, 0.77 Gy, and 0.83 Gy, respectively. In general, the method corrected by enamel volume showed the best accuracy in this study. This homebuilt EPR spectrometer for the purpose of non-invasive and in vivo tooth dosimetry was successfully tested for achieving measurements in situ. We demonstrated that the developed correction method could reduce dosimetric uncertainties resulting from the variations in tooth geometric dimensions.
Design and Implementation of Matryoshka-type Neutron Spectrometer
Authors: Lv Ning , Lv Jinxu , Sun Mingyan , Lv Wenhui , Xiao Qizhan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aiming at portability and mobility, the design and implementation of a portable neutron spectrometer, namely the Matryoshka-type Neutron Spectrometer, was completed while considering the idea of a Bonner Sphere Spectrometer. The Matryoshka-type Neutron Spectrometer used a spherical 3He proportional counter as a thermal neutron detector. A number of cylindrical acrylic cups with diameters from 4 cm to 40 cm were made as containers for water as a moderator. The Monte Carlo method was adopted in order to obtain the energy response matrix of the Matryoshka-type Neutron Spectrometer. During the measurement, each acrylic cup contained water as a moderator, and the 3He proportional counter was set to the geometric center to perform neutron counting. With the energy response matrix obtained above, the neutron spectrum was resolved by a classical inversion algorithm. After the measurement, water was drained and the acrylic cups were placed one inside the other, like a Matryoshka doll. The design of a Matryoshka-type Neutron Spectrometer has reduced the mass and volume of the Bonner Sphere Spectrometer and was not difficult to carry around. Comparison tests acquiring background and Am-Be source neutron spectra between the Matryoshka-type Neutron Spectrometer and Bonner Sphere Spectrometer proved the effectiveness of the Matryoshka-type Neutron Spectrometer.
Visual effort moderates postural cascade dynamics
Authors: Mangalam Madhur , Lee I-Chieh , Newell Karl M. , Kelty-Stephen Damian G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStanding still and focusing on a visible target in front of us is a preamble to many coordinated behaviors (e.g., reaching an object). Hiding behind its apparent simplicity is a deep layering of texture at many scales. The task of standing still laces together activities at multiple scales: from ensuring that a few photoreceptors on the retina cover the target in the visual field on an extremely fine scale to synergies spanning the limbs and joints at smaller scales to the mechanical layout of the ground underfoot and optic flow in the visual field on the coarser scales. Here, we used multiscale probability density function (PDF) analysis to show that postural fluctuations exhibit similar statistical signatures of cascade dynamics as found in fluid flow. In participants asked to stand quietly, the oculomotor strain of visually fixating at different distances moderated postural cascade dynamics. Visually fixating at a comfortable viewing distance elicited posture with a similar cascade dynamics as posture with eyes closed. Greater viewing distances known to stabilize posture showed more diminished cascade dynamics. In contrast, nearest and farthest viewing distances requiring greater oculomotor strain to focus on targets elicited a dramatic strengthening of postural cascade dynamics, reflecting active postural adjustments. Critically, these findings suggest that vision stabilizes posture by reconfiguring the prestressed poise that prepares the body to interact with different spatial layouts.
Delay-Induced Uncertainty in Physiological Systems
Authors: Karamched Bhargav , Hripcsak George , Albers Dave , Ott William 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMedical practice in the intensive care unit is based on the supposition that physiological systems such as the human glucose-insulin system arereliabile. Reliability of dynamical systems refers to response to perturbation: A dynamical system is reliable if it behaves predictably following a perturbation. Here, we demonstrate that reliability fails for an archetypal physiological model, the Ultradian glucose-insulin model. Reliability failure arises because of the presence of delay. Using the theory of rank one maps from smooth dynamical systems, we precisely explain the nature of the resulting delay-induced uncertainty (DIU). We develop a recipe one may use to diagnose DIU in a general dynamical system. Guided by this recipe, we analyze DIU emergence first in a classical linear shear flow model and then in the Ultradian model. Our results potentially apply to a broad class of physiological systems that involve delay.
Genome-wide Identification of Disease Resistance Genes (R Genes) in Wheat
Authors: Andersen Ethan J. , Lindsey Lauren E. , Nepal Madhav P. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTProteins encoded by plant resistance genes (R genes) detect pathogenic effectors and initiate immune responses. Although R genes in many plant genomes are identified, they are yet to be identified in wheat. The major objectives of this project were to conduct genome-wide identification of the NB-ARC-encoding R genes in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and assess their genomic architecture and potential functional divergence. Wheat protein sequences were obtained from the Ensembl Genomes database, and genes were identified using interpro program. Chromosomal locations of the R genes were determined and syntenic analyses were performed. Altogether, 2151 wheat NB-ARC-encoding genes were identified, among which 1298 genes formed 547 gene clusters. Many of these gene clusters included highly similar genes likely formed by tandem duplications. Among the NB-ARC-encoding genes, 1552 (∼72%) encode Leucine-Rich Repeats (LRRs), 802 are Coiled-Coil (CC) domain-encoding CC-NBS-LRR (CNL) genes and three are Resistance to Powdery mildew 8 (RPW8) domain-encoding RPW8-NBS-LRR (RNL) genes. Surprisingly, five of the NB-ARC-encoding genes encoded a Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR), with no LRR, known as TN genes. CNL clades formed similar nesting patterns with a large expansion of CNL-C group like previously reported findings in wheat relatives. Comparisons of the wheat genome with barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) and Tausch’s goatgrass (Aegilops tauschiiCoss.), showed similar locations for homologous NB-ARC-encoding genes. These results showed that R genes in wheat have diversified through duplication to encode receptors that recognize rapidly evolving pathogenic effectors. Identified R genes in this study have implications in plant breeding, as a source of resistance for crop improvement.
Whole-exome sequencing analysis on products of conception: A cohort study to evaluate clinical utility and genetic etiology for pregnancy loss
Authors: Zhao Chen , Chai Hongyan , Zhou Qinghua , Wen Jiadi , Reddy Uma M. , Kastury Rama , Jiang Yonghui , Mak Winifred , Bale Allen E. , Zhang Hui , Li Peining 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTPurposePregnancy loss ranging from spontaneous abortion (SAB) to stillbirth can result from monogenic causes of Mendelian inheritance. This study evaluated the clinical application of whole exome sequencing (WES) in identifying the genetic etiology for pregnancy loss.MethodsA cohort of 102 specimens from products of conception (POC) with normal karyotype and absence of pathogenic copy number variants were selected for WES. Abnormality detection rate (ADR) and variants of diagnostic value correlated with SAB and stillbirth were evaluated.ResultsWES detected six pathogenic variants, 16 likely pathogenic variants, and 17 variants of uncertain significance favor pathogenic (VUSfp) from this cohort. The ADR for pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants was 22% and reached 35% with the inclusion of VUSfp. The ADRs of SAB and stillbirth were 36% and 33%, respectively. Affected genes included those associated with multi-system abnormalities, neurodevelopmental disorders, cardiac anomalies, skeletal dysplasia, metabolic disorders and renal diseases.ConclusionThese results supported the clinical utility of WES for detecting monogenic etiology of pregnancy loss. The identification of disease associated variants provided information for follow-up genetic counseling of recurrence risk and management of subsequent pregnancies. Discovery of novel variants could provide insight for underlying molecular mechanisms causing fetal death.
Genome-wide Genetic Marker Analysis and Genotyping ofEscherichia fergusoniistrain OTSVEF–60
Authors: Saha Otun , Rakhi Nadira Naznin , Hoque M. Nazmul , Sultana Munawar , Hossain M. Anwar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPoultry originatedEscherichia fergusonii(POEF), an emerging bacterial pathogen, causes a wide range of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in the poultry industry which incurred significant economic losses worldwide. Chromosomal co-existence of antibiotics and metal resistance genes has recently been the focal point of POEF isolates besides its pathogenic potentials. This study reports the complete genome analysis of POEF strain OTSVEF-60 from the poultry originated samples of Bangladesh. The assembled draft genome of the strain was 4.2 Mbp containing 4,503 coding sequences, 120 RNA (rRNA = 34, tRNA = 79, ncRNA = 7), and three intact phage signature regions. Forty one broad range antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) includingdfrA12,qnrS1,blaTEM-1,aadA2,tet(A) andsul-2 along with multiple efflux pump genes were detected, which translated to phenotypic resistant patterns of the pathogen to trimethoprim, fluoroquinolones, β-lactams, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and sulfonamides. Moreover, 22 metal resistance genes were found co-existing within the genome of the POEF strain, and numerous virulence genes (VGs) coding forcit(AB),feo(AB),fep(ABCG),csg(ABCDEFG),fliC,ompAgadA,ecpD etc were also identified throughout the genome. In addition, we detected a Class I integron gene cassette harboringdfrA12,ant(3″)-I andqacEΔ-sul2) genes, 42 copies of insertion sequence (IS) elements, and two CRISPR arrays. The genomic functional analysis revealed overexpression of several metabolic pathways related to motility, flagellar assembly, epithelial cell invasion, quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and biosynthesis of vitamin, co-factors, and secondary metabolites. We herein for the first time detected multiple ARGs, VGs, mobile genetic elements, and some metabolic functional genes in the complete genome of POEF strain OTSVEF-60, which might be associated with the pathogenesis, spreading of ARGs and VGs, and subsequent treatment failure against this emerging avian pathogen with currently available antimicrobials.
Quantitative mapping of membrane nanoenvironments through single-molecule imaging of solvatochromic probes
Authors: Nieves Daniel J. , Owen Dylan M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnvironmentally-sensitive fluorophores report on their local biochemical or biophysical environments through changes in their emission. We combine the solvatochromic probe di-4-ANEPPDHQ with multi-channel SMLM and quantitative analysis of the resulting marked point patterns to map biophysical environments in the mammalian cell membrane. We show that plasma membrane properties can be mapped with nanoscale resolution, and that partitioning between ordered and disordered regions is observed on length scales below 300 nm.
Theoretical analysis predicts an optimal therapeutic strategy in distinct parkinsonian landscapes of the striatum
Authors: Heltberg Mathias L. , Awada Hussein N. , Lucchetti Alessandra , Jensen Mogens H. , Dreyer Jakob K. , Rasmussen Rune N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) results from a loss of dopaminergic neurons. The age of disease onset, its progression and symptoms vary significantly between patients, pointing to a complex relationship between neuron loss and PD etiology. Yet, our understanding of the clinical variability remains incomplete. Here, we use biophysical modelling to characterize the dopaminergic landscape in the healthy and denervated striatum. Based on currently proposed mechanisms causing PD, we model three distinct denervation patterns, and show notable differences in the dopaminergic network as denervation progresses. We find local and global differences in the activity of two types of striatal neurons depending on the denervation pattern. Finally, we identify an optimal cellular strategy for maintaining normal dopamine signaling when neurons degenerate stochastically within our model. Our results derive a conceptual framework in which the clinical variability of PD is rooted in distinct denervation patterns and forms testable predictions for future PD research.
The Dystonia Gene THAP1 Controls DNA Double Strand Break Repair Choice
Authors: Shinoda Kenta , Zong Dali , Callen Elsa , Wu Wei , Dumitrache Lavinia C. , Belinky Frida , Wong Nancy , Ishikawa Momoko , Stanlie Andre , Ehrlich Michelle , McKinnon Peter J. , Nussenzweig Andre 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Shieldin complex, consisting of SHLD1, SHLD2, SHLD3 and REV7, shields DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) from nucleolytic resection. The end-protecting activity of Shieldin promotes productive non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) in G1 but can threaten genome integrity during S-phase by blocking homologous recombination (HR). Curiously, the penultimate Shieldin component, SHLD1 is one of the least abundant mammalian proteins. Here, we report that the transcription factors THAP1, YY1 and HCF1 bind directly to theSHLD1promoter, where they cooperatively maintain the low basal expression ofSHLD1. Functionally, this transcriptional network ensures that SHLD1 protein levels are kept in check to enable a proper balance between end protection and end resection during physiological DSB repair. In the context of BRCA1 deficiency, loss of THAP1 dependent SHLD1 expression confers cross resistance to PARP inhibitor and cisplatin, and shorter progression free survival in ovarian cancer patients. In contrast, loss of THAP1 in BRCA2 deficient cells increases genome instability and correlates with improved responses to chemotherapy. Pathogenic THAP1 mutations are causatively linked to the adult-onset torsion dystonia type 6 (DYT6) movement disorder, but the critical disease targets are unknown. We further demonstrate that murine models ofThap1-associated dystonia show reducedShld1expression concomitant with elevated levels of unresolved DNA damage in the brain. In summary, our study provides the first example of a transcriptional network that directly controls DSB repair choice and reveals a previously unsuspected link between DNA damage and dystonia.
Sarcolambans are phospholamban- and sarcolipin-like regulators of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump SERCA
Authors: Bak Jessi J. , Aguayo-Ortiz Rodrigo , Khan Muhammad Bashir , Robia Seth L. , Lemieux M. Joanne , Espinoza-Fonseca L. Michel , Young Howard S. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTFrom insects to humans, calcium signaling is essential for life. An important part of this process is the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium pump SERCA, which maintains low cytosolic calcium levels required for intracellular calcium homeostasis. In higher organisms, this is a tightly controlled system where SERCA interacts with tissuespecific regulatory subunits such as phospholamban in cardiac muscle and sarcolipin in skeletal muscle. With the recent discovery of the sarcolambans, the family of calcium pump regulatory subunits also appears to be ancient, spanning more than 550 million years of evolutionary divergence from insects to humans. This evolutionary divergence is reflected in the peptide sequences, which vary enormously from one another and range from vaguely phospholamban-like to vaguely sarcolipin-like. Here, our goal was to investigate select sarcolamban peptides for their ability to regulate calcium pump activity. For a side-by-side comparison of diverse sarcolamban peptides, we tested them against mammalian skeletal muscle SERCA1a. This allowed us to determine if the sarcolamban peptides mimic phospholamban and sarcolipin in their regulatory activities. Four sarcolamban peptides were chosen from different invertebrate species. Of these, we were able to express and purify sarcolamban peptides from bumble bee, water flea, and tadpole shrimp. Sarcolamban peptides were co-reconstituted into proteoliposomes with mammalian SERCA1a and the effect of each peptide on the apparent calcium affinity and maximal activity of SERCA was measured. While all peptides were super-inhibitors of SERCA, they exhibited either phospholamban-like or sarcolipin-like characteristics. Molecular modeling, protein-protein docking, and molecular dynamics simulations were used to reveal novel features of insect versus mammalian calcium pumps and the sarcolamban regulatory subunits.
The state of the knowledge-based economy in the Arab world: cases of Qatar and Lebanon
Authors: Ben Hassen Tarek 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the current state of the knowledge-based economy in two distinctive case studies in the Arab World: Qatar and Lebanon. Based on five aspects of the knowledge-based economy namely: ICT, human capital and education; innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic and institutional regime, we provide a careful view of the obstacles and challenges that Qatar and Lebanon are facing and how this is hindering their transformation to a knowledge-based economy.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology of this research is based on a literature review and information collected through semi-structured interviews with the different stakeholders of the knowledge-based economy in Qatar and Lebanon.FindingsThe research reveals that numerous factors shape the knowledge-based economy in Qatar and Lebanon. In Qatar, the main strength of the knowledge-based economy is the determination of the Qatari government to diversify the economy and the main weaknesses are the shortage of qualified human resources, the fear of failure and the low performance of the innovation system. In Lebanon, the knowledge-based economy is driven by the education system and the entrepreneurship culture, nevertheless the political instability of the country and the weak ICT infrastructure impede its development.Originality/valueThese findings contribute to the clarification and critical analysis of the current state of the knowledge-based economy in Qatar and Lebanon, which would have several policy implications.
Green supplier integration and environmental performance: do environmental innovation and ambidextrous governance matter?
Authors: Zhang Qiansong , Pan Jieyi , Feng Taiwen 
Published: July 2020

PurposeSince firms are often puzzled with the adoption of proper governing mechanism to achieve their environmental benefits, this research examines how green supplier integration (GSI) affects environmental performance via environmental innovation and the moderating role of ambidextrous governance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested the hypotheses by adopting two-waved survey data from 206 Chinese manufacturers and the hierarchical regression analysis.FindingsThe results revealed that GSI is positively linked with both incremental and radical environmental innovation, which further enhance environmental performance. Moreover, balanced ambidexterity enhanced the link between GSI and incremental environmental innovation, while combined ambidexterity alleviated the link between GSI and radical environmental innovation.Practical implicationsFirms should integrate suppliers into their activities of dealing with environmental issues to realize environmental benefits through facilitating environmental innovation. Moreover, the choice of different dimensions of ambidextrous governance can affect the environmental benefits of GSI.Originality/valueThis research enriches the authors’ understanding of how to achieve environmental benefits by engaging in GSI, and it provides a novel and insightful approach for better managing GSI from the perspective of ambidextrous governance.