bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study of the use of the electronic health records of hypertensive patients to support the primary prevention of stroke in Shanghai
Authors: Yang Tingting , Li Fen , Zhu Bifan , Chen Yuqian , Chen Duo , Wang Changying , Hou Zhiying , Xu Jiajie , Gu Shuwei , Liu Jiefeng , Wang Ying , Jin Chunlin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background The value of targeting people with a high risk of stroke based on electronic health records (EHRs) in Shanghai is largely undiscovered.Aim To test the hypothesis that EHRs might be developed into an evidence-based support system to identify people who are at high risk of stroke.Methods We performed a screen analysis utilizing EHRs to target the population with stroke risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking and physical inactivity. We calculated the distribution of each risk factor and the combinations of risk factors.Results In the Jiading District of Shanghai, 46,580 hypertensive patients with complete baseline information joined the hypertensive patient management system from 2014 to 2017. The majority of the patients were older than 60 years. Physical inactivity (83.24%), smoking (24.07%), diabetes (16.87%), and obesity (12.23%) were highly prevalent in hypertension participants. Approximately 4377 patients had hypertension only, accounting for 9.70% of the total patients in this study. Approximately 52.47% of the patients had two risk factors at the same time, and 38.13% of the patients had hypertension, which means that 17,762 patients could be identified as a high-risk population for stroke according to the criteria established by the National Stroke Screening Survey.Conclusion Our exploratory findings suggest the feasibility of targeting populations with a high risk of stroke using the EHRs of hypertensive patients.
ONO-2506 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Liu Jian-yu , Fang Wei , Cai Shi-xia , Dai Ming-ying , Yao Bo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Sepsis associated encephalopathy has high mortality rate, but there is no targeted therapy to reduce brain damage in septic patients. In our previous study, we found that S100β concentration was higher in patients with SAE. At high concentration, S100β exerts neurotoxic effects through receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). RAGE-activated signalling could induce the inflammatory response. And neuroinflammation is an important mechanism of SAE. So inhibiting S100β expression may be a potential treatment of SAE. ONO-2506 can inhibit the production and release of S100 protein from astrocytes. In this study, we administered ONO-2506 to mice in order to evaluate its effectiveness on neuroinflammation and apoptosis in hippocampus induced by lipopolysaccharides. Results We found administration with lipopolysaccharides increased the levels of S100β, RAGE, IL-β, TNF-α and the TUNEL positive brain cells in hippocampus tissue. The ONO-2506 30mg/kg and 90mg/kg could reduce the levels of neuroinflammation (IL-β and TNF-α), and alleviate the apoptosis in hippocampus. Conclusions ONO-2506 could reduce the neuroinflammation and alleviate brain cell apoptosis in hippocampus of LPS mice models. Moreover, the RAGE expression was inhibited after ONO-2506 treatment.
The characteristics and level of musculoskeletal imaging training in physiotherapy educational programme in Nigeria
Authors: Onyeso Ogochukwu Kelechi , Umunnah Joseph O , Ezema Charles Ikechukwu , Balogun Joseph A , Uchenwoke Chigozie , Nwankwo Maduabuchukwu Joseph , Oke Kayode Israel , Bello Bashir , Nwosu Ifeoma Blessing , Adje Mishael E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that deficiency in training has led to inappropriate utilization of diagnostic imaging among healthcare professionals. Thus, raising concerns about patient safety and economic cost. This study aimed to assess the characteristics and level of musculoskeletal imaging (MI) training received by physiotherapists who graduated from Nigerian universities and completed the one-year mandatory internship. Methods: An online version of the Physiotherapist Musculoskeletal Imaging Profiling Questionnaire (PMIPQ), that was previously validated, was administered to all eligible physiotherapists identified through the Medical Rehabilitation Therapist Board’s (MRTBN) database. Parts A to C of the PMIPQ was used to obtain data on demographics, characteristics and level of training on various MI modalities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Friedman’s ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis, at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed that only 10.0% of the respondents had a standalone undergraduate course in MI, 92.8% did not have MI clinical posting exposure during the internship and 67.3% had never attended any MI workshop. There was a significant difference in the level of training received across various MI modalities [χ2 (15) = 1285.899; P = 0.001]. However, there was no significant difference in the level of MI training across the institutions (P = 0.36). The study participants with Doctor of Physiotherapy (DPT) education were better trained in MI than their counterparts with bachelor’s degree (P = 0.047). Conclusions: The overall level of MI training among the respondents was deficient, but the knowledge of X-ray was significantly higher than other MI modalities. Based on the overall findings in this study, we recommend that diagnostic imaging contents be introduced early in the entry-level DPT curriculum that is recently approved by the National University Commission.
The success of immediate implant placement with Zero insertion torque
Authors: Elian Samy Aboelyazied 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background The primary stability in immediate implant placement was considered one of the prerequisites for the achievement of good osseointgration. The insertion torque varies between cases depending on many factors and may goes down to Zero that may affect the prognosis of the implant especially in the soft maxillary bone. The aim of the study was to assess clinically the success&/or failure of immediate flapless implant placement in the maxilla with Zero insertion torque measurement with a follow up time ranging 2-4 years. Results: out of 780 analyzed, fourteen implants were placed in fresh extraction sockets for single rooted teeth in the maxilla and did not get primary stability (zero insertion torque). Their survival rate was 85.7%. Conclusions: The loss of torque during immediate implant placement to Zero may jeopardize the survival of the implants, but it may not be statistically significant with their failure and loss. The lack of certain conditions that are absent during their surgical installation and healing have the major effects on success. The implant primary stability is not an absolute prerequisite to osseointegration; however, it may affect the implant survival rate. Key words: 0 torque implant insertion, implant primary stability, loose implant, immediate implant survival, immediate implant placement.
Computed tomography measurements of presumptively normal canine sternal lymph nodes
Authors: Stehlík Ladislav , Vitulová Hana , Simeoni Francesco , Proks Pavel , Vignoli Massimo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: There is a lack of information regarding the CT appearance of sternal lymph nodes in dogs. This retrospective anatomic study was aimed to describe the general appearance of SLN in healthy dogs. Results: Twenty-eight dogs with no abnormality in blood work, urinalysis and CT images were included in the study. Animals were divided into three weight groups; ≤10 kg, 10.1 to 30 kg and ≥30.1 kg. Multi-planar reconstructions of CT images were made to identify sternal lymph nodes. The number, location, size, density and heterogeneity of sternal lymph nodes were recorded. Density and heterogeneity of lymph nodes were measured on pre- and postcontrast images. Except for one dog, sternal lymph nodes were identified in all the animals. The mean number of sternal lymph nodes per dog was 2.1 (SD 0.6), and the most frequent localization was at the level of the second sternebra (23 dogs; 85%). There was a positive correlation between the weight and all the dimensions of sternal lymph nodes. A significant negative correlation was found between the age and DV dimension of the lymph node. Short-to-long axis ratios were not significantly different between the weight groups. None of the measured dimensions nor the ratio values was significantly different between the medium-sized dogs (10.1 to 30 kg) and the large dogs (≥30.1 kg). There was a significant difference between precontrast and postcontrast density and heterogeneity values of sternal lymph nodes. Conclusions: Based on the results, we recommend using the short-to-long axis ratios for sternal lymph node size evaluation among animals of different size. Sternal lymph nodes in this study appeared on precontrast examination as heterogeneous, and homogenous on the postcontrast examination.
Genetic diversity and different cross-neutralization capability of porcine circovirus type 2 isolates recently circulating in South Korea
Authors: Kang Seok-Jin , Kang Hyeonjeong , Yu Su-Hwa , Lee Hye Jeong , Lee Nakhyung , Hyun Bang-Hun , Cha Sang-Ho 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background : Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a small single-stranded DNA virus and a primary cause of PCV-associated diseases (PCVAD) that result in substantial economic loss for swine farms. Between 2016 and 2018, PCV2 field viruses were isolated from PCVAD-affected swine farms in South Korea and investigated for genetic and antigenic heterogeneity. Results : The genetic analysis of ORF2 showed that the genotype of the Korean PCV2 field isolates has been rapidly shifted from PCV2a or 2b to mutant PCV2b known as PCV2d with 82.6% to 100% amino acid sequence similarity. PCV2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) demonstrated variable antigen-binding activity to four representative Korean PCV2 field isolates [QIA215 (PCV2a), QIA418 (PCV2b), QIA169 (PCV2d), and QIA244 (PCV2d)] without genotype specificity, and one mAb showed neutralization activity to QIA215. In a cross-virus neutralization assay using anti-PCV2 sera of pigs and guinea pigs injected with a commercial vaccine and the Korean PCV2 field isolates, the anti-porcine sera of a commercial vaccine had high neutralization activity against QIA215 and QIA418 with statistically lower activity against PCV2d viruses. Anti-guinea pig sera of QIA215, QIA418, QIA169, and a commercial vaccine had high neutralization activity against all of the viruses with significantly lower activity against QIA244. Importantly, anti-guinea pig sera of QIA244 had high neutralization activity against all of the viruses. Conclusions: This study confirmed genetic and antigenic diversity among recent PCV2 field isolates in Korean swine farms, and the strain-based difference in virus neutralization capability should be considered for more effective control by vaccination.
Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis reduce faecal protein catabolites concentration and odor in dogs
Authors: Bastos Tais , de Lima Daniele Cristina , Souza Camilla Mariane Menezes , Maiorka Alex , de Oliveira Simone Gisele , Bittencourt Letícia Cardoso , Félix Ananda Portella 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Direct-fed microbials (DFM), as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, may improve gut functionality of the host by favoring non-pathogenic bacteria and reducing the formation of putrefactive compounds. The aim of this study was to assess the nutrients digestibility, faecal characteristics and products of intestinal fermentation in dogs fed diets with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. Sixteen adult beagle dogs randomly distributed were used. Every eight dogs were fed with the control diet or the diet to which 62.5 g DFM (B. subtilis and B. licheniformis)/ton were added. Diets were provided during a twenty days adaptation period, followed by five days of total faecal collection. Nutrients digestibility and metabolizable energy of the diets, and faecal characteristics and products of dogs’ intestinal fermentation were assessed. Results: There were no differences in nutrients digestibility (P >0.05). The DFM supplementation, however, improved the faecal score and resulted in less fetid faeces (P <0.001). The DFM inclusion reduced (P <0.05) the biogenic amines concentration: putrescine, spermidine and cadaverine, and the concentration of phenols and quinoline. Conclusions: The use of B. subtillis and B. licheniformis as DFM reduce the concentration of nitrogen fermentation products in the faeces and faecal odor, but the digestibility of nutrients is not altered in dogs.
Profit distribution and managers’ behavior in vertical integrated medical delivery systems - An experimental economics study
Authors: Bo Yunque , Qi Miaojie , Liu Siyu , Cui Jiyu , Han Youli 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background：Fragmentation of medical care has become one of the main reasons for the inefficiency of medical delivery systems. Vertical integration of medical delivery systems (VIMDS) is a reform direction in the world. Managers’ behavior toward profit distribution is an important factor that influences them to pursue the goal of VIMDS. We conducted a controlled economics experiment to explore decision-making by managers of medical institutions in respect of profits and what influences the distribution mechanism in VIMDS. Methods：Undergraduate and postgraduate Students majoring in health management, and administrative staffs from hospitals were recruited to make choices in the role of directors of institutions. Z-Tree software was used to design the experimental program. 96 subjects participated in the experiment. We gathered 479 valid contracts. Results: 66.39% of the subjects choose flexible contracts. The median of the bidding distribution rate to community health service centers of all auctions was 18.50%. The final distribution rate is about 3 percentage points higher than the bidding distribution rate. The median of the effort level was 9.00. There was a significant correlation between the improvement rate and the choice of effort level (p＜0.05) in flexible contracts. Conclusions: The hospital managers have a preference for flexible contracts because of uncertainty in the medical system. Community health service center director may be perfunctory as shading in the integration. Flexible contract and sharing rate beyond participants’ expectation motivate managers to make more cooperative behaviors.
Supporting the clinical use of the ICF in Japan – Development of the Japanese version of the simple, intuitive descriptions for the ICF Generic-30 Set, its operationalization through a rating reference guide, and interrater reliability study
Authors: Mukaino Masahiko , Prodinger Birgit , Yamada Shin , Senju Yuki , Izumi Shin-Ichi , Sonoda Shigeru , Selb Melissa , Saitoh Eiichi , Stucki Gerold 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization developed the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) in 2001 and has been in the process of implementing it in clinics since then. Current international efforts to implement ICF in rehabilitation clinics include the implementation of ICF Core Sets and the development of simple, intuitive descriptions for the ICF Generic-30 Set (also called Rehabilitation Set). The present study was designed to operationalize these ICF tools for clinical practice in Japan. This work included 1) the development of the Japanese version of the simple, intuitive descriptions for the ICF Generic-30 Set, 2) the development of a rating reference guide for Activity and Participation categories, and 3) the examination of the interrater reliability of rating Activity and Participation categories. Methods: The Japanese version of the simple, intuitive descriptions for the ICF Generic-30 Set was developed following the process employed to develop the Chinese and Italian versions. For further operationalization of this ICF Set in practice, a rating reference guide was developed. The development of the rating reference guide involved the following steps: 1) a trial of rating patients by several raters, 2) cognitive interviewing of the raters to analyze the thinking process involved in rating, 3) drafting of the rating reference guide, and 4) review by ICF specialists to confirm consistency with the original ICF concepts. After the rating reference guide was developed, interrater reliability of the rating with the reference guide was determined. Interrater reliability was examined using weighted kappa statistics with linear weight. Results: Through the pre-defined process, the Japanese version of the simple, intuitive descriptions for 30 categories of the ICF Generic-30 Set and the rating reference guides for 21 Activity and Participation categories were successfully developed. The weighted kappa statistics ranged from 0.61 to 0.85, showing substantial to excellent agreement of the ratings between raters. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that ICF categories can be translated into clinical practice. Collaboration between clinicians and researchers would further enhance the implementation of the ICF in Japan. Trial registration: not applicable
Determinants of Tooth Brushing Practice among Medical and Health Sciences Students of University of Gondar, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Dagnew Baye , Dagne Henok , Andualem Zewudu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Tooth brushing practice is an effective preventive measure for maintaining good individual oral health which is an integral part of one’s general health. The current study aimed to assess determinant factors of practice of tooth brushing among Medical and Health sciences students in University of Gondar, Ethiopia.
: Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2019 using simple random sampling technique and self- administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Epi info was used for data entry and SPSS 22 was used for analysis. The adjusted odds ratio with 95% uncertainty interval and p<0.05 was used to identify determinants of tooth brushing practice
Of the study participants in this study 69.6% with 95% UI (65.0, 74.5%) had good tooth brushing practice. Being female [AOR = 7.76, 95% UI (3.79, 15.88)], good dental health knowledge [AOR = 1.66, 95% UI (1.01, 2.75)] and dental flossing [AOR = 2.74, 95% UI (1.64, 4.59)] were determinant factors of tooth brushing practice.
: Improving the oral hygiene knowledge is important to substantially increase tooth brushing practice. Finally, this study was not without limitation. The aforementioned factors demand the attention of health sector stakeholders to improve dental health knowledge to substantially increase practice of tooth brushing.
The Charterhouse of St. Lorenzo in Padula, an ideal mystical city of modern Campania
Authors: Castanò Francesca 
Published: November 2019

The essay explores the characteristics and themes of architecture related to Benedictine monastic life in the territories of Cilento and Vallo di Diano. The influences coming from the East and from beyond the Alps are adapted to local traditions without imitating early Christian models, as happens in other areas of Campania. The classical Greek elements acquire greater importance than the Roman universe. The previous buildings adapt to the western world and create heterogeneous hybrids that cannot be easily classified. The Carthusians introduce models that are consistent with a new formulation of the concept of the ideal city. The essay aims to analyze specifically the Certosa di Padula, in the heart of the Vallo di Diano, from the act of its foundation at the beginning of the fourteenth century until the impressive renovations during the eighteenth century. The monastic complex does not present itself as a safe haven from the perils of the world but becomes a spiritual place, the anticipation of Paradise on earth. On the one hand, respect for the strict rule of San Brunone and, on the other, constant interaction with the surrounding territory. The monastery constitutes a new type of polis. An ideality regulated by a rigid separation of the cloistered environments intended for the contemplation of the monks and those dedicated to community life. The boundary between the hermit's life in the upper domus and the cenobitic life in the lower domus is marked by the desertum, the large cultivated green space that gives access to the Civitas Dei, announced by the cartouche of the threshold "Felix coeli porta". The architectural structure of the Certosa di Padula, born on the basis of the models of Trisulti in Lazio and the motherhouse of Grenoble, reflects and embodies that ideal mystical city as declined by Thomas More who saw in monastic customs the foundation of Utopia.
Hydrogeochemical appraisal of groundwater quality and health risk in a near-suburb area of North China
Authors: Xiao Yong , Yin Shiyang , Hao Qichen , Gu Xiaomin , Pei Qiuming , Zhang Yunhui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The present study was conducted to appraise the suitability and human health risk of groundwater in a rapid urbanization area of North China. Groundwater samples were collected from phreatic and confined aquifers throughout the study area during pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Results show groundwater, regardless the depth, is slightly alkaline in nature and relatively fresh with the total dissolved solids within 600 mg/L. The hydrochemical facies of phreatic and confined groundwater are dominantly HCO3-Ca·Mg, followed by HCO3-Na. Groundwater in the study area, regardless the depth, is suitable for irrigation with almost no salinity and sodium hazards if proper drainage measures are undertaken. The entropy weight water quality index evaluating results show all phreatic and confined groundwater is suitable for drinking purposes. The overall potential non-carcinogenic risk posed by nitrogen (NO3-N, NH4-N) and heavy metals (As, Zn, Fe, Mn) through drinking water ingestion exists in the southwestern area and a small local area in the central study area, and is higher for children. Special attention should be paid to the arsenic because its hazard quotient was very high in some local areas. This study will benefit the protection and utilization of groundwater in near-suburb areas around the world.
Influence of volumetric loading rate on aerobic sewage treatment for indigenous algal growth
Authors: Mendoza L. , Aray-Andrade M. M. , Bermudez R. , Amaya J. , Zhang L. , Moreira C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Many rural areas of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region are economically depressed. Rural sewage treatment in most areas of LAC is deficient or non-existent. Consequently, the possibility of generating economic revenue from treated sewage is an attractive option for deprived areas of developing countries. Given its peculiar characteristics, rural sewage may be coupled with biological systems such as algae for nutrient cycling. Acceptable algae growth and nutrient elimination were obtained from rural sewage whose treatment may have fallen short of current disposal standards. In this study, aerobic systems working on an 8-month cycle at three different volumetric loading rates (Bv) were assessed in relation to the lifetime growth of three algae strains native to Ecuador. Results indicate Chlorella sp. M2 as the optimal algal strain, with the highest growth rate at Bv of 1 g COD L−1 d−1 and a removal of organic-N (30%), PO43–-P (87%) and NH4+-N (95%). Concomitantly, the kinetic constants of the sewage resulted in a low biomass yield coefficient, making the proposed system highly suitable for developing countries. Finally, the proposed partial recovery stream method, combining nutrient recovery with economic resource generation, appears to contain great potential.