bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐world evaluation of the impact of statin intensity on adherence and persistence to therapy: A Scottish population‐based study
Authors: Rezende Macedo do Nascimento Renata Cristina , Mueller Tanja , Godman Brian , MacBride Stewart Sean , Hurding Simon , de Assis Acurcio Francisco , Guerra Junior Augusto Afonso , Alvares Teodoro Juliana , Morton Alec , Bennie Marion , Kurdi Amanj 
Published: April 2020

AimTo assess associations between statin intensity and adherence, persistence and discontinuation of statin therapy in Scotland.MethodRetrospective cohort study, using linked electronic health records covering a period from January 2009 to December 2016. The study cohort included adult patients (≥18 years) newly initiating statins within Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Scotland. Study outcomes comprised adherence, discontinuation and persistence to treatment, stratified by three exposure groups (high, moderate and low intensity). Discontinuation and persistence were calculated using the refill‐gap and anniversary methods, respectively. Proportion of days covered (PDC) was used as a proxy for adherence. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate discontinuation, and associations between adherence/persistence and statin intensity were assessed using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 73 716 patients with a mean age of 61.4 ± 12.6 years were included; the majority (88.3%) received moderate intensity statins. Discontinuation rates differed between intensity levels, with high‐intensity patients less likely to discontinue treatment compared to those on moderate intensity (prior cardiovascular disease [CVD]: HR 0.43 [95% CI 0.34‐0.55]; no prior CVD: 0.80 [0.74‐0.86]). Persistence declined over time, and high‐intensity patients had the highest persistence rates. Overall, 52.6% of patients were adherent to treatment (PDC ≥ 80%), but adherence was considerably higher among high‐intensity patients (63.7%).ConclusionHigh‐intensity statins were associated with better persistence and adherence to treatment, but overall long‐term persistence and adherence remain a challenge, particularly among patients without prior CVD. This needs addressing.
Eugenol and its association with levodopa in 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced hemiparkinsonian rats: Behavioural and neurochemical alterations
Authors: Moreira Vasconcelos Carlos Franciney , da Cunha Ferreira Nívea Maria , Hardy Lima Pontes Nayanne , de Sousa dos Reis Thomas Dominik , Basto Souza Ricardo , Aragão Catunda Junior Francisco Eduardo , Vasconcelos Aguiar Lissiana Magna , Maranguape Silva da Cunha Rodrigo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractParkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the central nervous system and is mainly characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and pro‐oxidant mechanisms. Eugenol has been widely studied due to its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities, making it a promising neuroprotective agent. This study aimed to investigate the effects of eugenol and its combined action with levodopa in the 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced Parkinson's disease model. Wistar rats were subjected to intrastriatal injection of 6‐hydroxydopamine (21 μg) and then treated with eugenol (0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg), levodopa (25 mg/kg) or their combination (eugenol 10 mg/kg + levodopa 12.5 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. On the 14th day, the animals were subjected to behavioural tests, and after euthanization and dissection of the brain areas, neurochemical analyses were performed. The results showed that eugenol reduced the oxidative stress and behavioural disturbances induced by 6‐hydroxydopamine. The eugenol and levodopa combination was more effective in some behavioural parameters and body‐weight gain in addition to promoting an increase in reduced glutathione levels compared to levodopa alone. Thus, the neuroprotective activity of eugenol was observed against motor and neurochemical disorders. Additionally, the eugenol and levodopa combination was promising when compared to conventional treatment.
Successful treatment‐free remission in chronic myeloid leukaemia and its association with reduced immune suppressors and increased natural killer cells
Authors: Irani Yazad D. , Hughes Amy , Clarson Jade , Kok Chung H. , Shanmuganathan Naranie , White Deborah L. , Yeung David T. , Ross David M. , Hughes Timothy P. , Yong Agnes S.M. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThere is currently no biomarker that reliably predicts treatment‐free remission (TFR) in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). We characterised effector and suppressor immune responses at the time of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) cessation in patients from the CML8 and CML10 clinical studies. Natural killer (NK) cells with increased expression of activating NK receptors were higher in patients who achieved TFR. There was no difference in the proportion of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, we found that FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (T reg) and monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (Mo‐MDSCs) were concomitantly decreased in TFR patients, suggesting that the effector and suppressor arms of the immune system work in concert to mediate TFR. A discovery cohort (CML10) was used to generate a predictive model, using logistic regression. Patients classified into the high‐risk group were more likely to relapse when compared with the low‐risk group (HR 7·4, 95% CI 2·9‐19·1). The model was successfully validated on the independent CML8 cohort (HR 8·3, 95% CI 2·2–31·3). Effective prediction of TFR success may be obtained with an effector‐suppressor score, calculated using absolute NK cell, T reg, and Mo‐MDSC counts, at TKI cessation, reflecting the contribution of both immune suppressors and effectors in the immunobiology underlying successful TFR.
Brexit: The influence of motivation to respond without prejudice, willingness to disagree, and attitudes to immigration
Authors: Bowman Jonathan W. P. , West Keon 
Published: April 2020

Britain’s unexpected vote to leave the European Union (Brexit) in June 2016 has proved divisive and damaging both within the United Kingdom and internationally. Across two correlational studies, the current research proposed a model to explain the Brexit vote, with attitudes to immigration and willingness to disagree (WD) as direct predictors of the referendum result, and internal (IMS) and external (EMS) motivation to respond without prejudice as indirect predictors. Study 1 (N = 353) and Study 2 (N = 363) both showed good fit with the model and, respectively, explained 48% and 46% of the referendum result. More positive attitudes to immigration predicted a vote to remain. Higher IMS and lower EMS predicted a vote to remain, fully mediated by attitudes to immigration. In Study 1, lower WD also predicted a vote to remain, both directly and indirectly via attitudes to immigration, although this was not replicated in Study 2. These results are discussed both in relation to the Brexit result, and the implications for motivation to respond without prejudice, WD, and political correctness more generally.
Metabolic reprogramming by N‐acetyl‐seryl‐aspartyl‐lysyl‐proline protects against diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Srivastava Swayam Prakash , Goodwin Julie E. , Kanasaki Keizo , Koya Daisuke 
Published: April 2020

Background and PurposeACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and AT1 receptor antagonists (ARBs) are first‐line drugs that are believed to reduce the progression of end‐stage renal disease in diabetic patients. Differences in the effects of ACEIs and ARBs are not well studied and the mechanisms responsible are not well understood.Experimental ApproachMale diabetic CD‐1 mice were treated with ACEI, ARB, N‐acetyl‐seryl‐aspartyl‐lysyl‐proline (AcSDKP), ACEI + AcSDKP, ARB + AcSDKP, glycolysis inhibitors or non‐treatment. Moreover, prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor (POPi)‐injected male diabetic C57Bl6 mice were treated with ACEI, AcSDKP and ARB or non‐treatment. Western blot and immunofluorescent staining were used to examine key enzymes and regulators of central metabolism.Key ResultsThe antifibrotic action of ACEI imidapril is due to an AcSDKP‐mediated antifibrotic mechanism, which reprograms the central metabolism including restoring SIRT3 protein and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and suppression of abnormal glucose metabolism in the diabetic kidney. Moreover, the POPi S17092 significantly blocked the AcSDKP synthesis, accelerated kidney fibrosis and disrupted the central metabolism. ACEI partly restored the kidney fibrosis and elevated the AcSDKP level, whereas the ARB (TA‐606) did not show such effects in the POPi‐injected mice. ACE inhibition and AcSDKP suppressed defective metabolism‐linked mesenchymal transformations and reduced collagen‐I and fibronectin accumulation in the diabetic kidneys.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe study envisages that AcSDKP is the endogenous antifibrotic mediator that controls the metabolic switch between glucose and fatty acid metabolism and that suppression of AcSDKP leads to disruption of kidney cell metabolism and activates mesenchymal transformations leading to severe fibrosis in the diabetic kidney.
Integrin β8 facilitates tumor growth and drug resistance through a Y‐box binding protein 1‐dependent signaling pathway in bladder cancer
Authors: Liu Shimin , Chen Libo , Zhao Heng , Li Qin , Hu Rong , Wang Hao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe transmembrane receptors integrins are the bridges for cell‐cell or cell‐ECM interaction, which is strictly correlated to cancer development in several tumor types. Here, we revealed that integrin β8 serves as a driver to mediate sustained growth of bladder cancer and development of drug resistance. The elevated expression of integrin β8 was observed in highly malignant bladder tumor tissues from patients. The in vitro and in vivo results further indicated that integrin β8 overexpression in Biu87/T24 bladder cancer could mediate and strengthen cell proliferation and resistance to mitomycin C and hydroxycamptothecin. Mechanistically, integrin β8 on the cellular surface might recruit phosphorylated Y‐box binding protein 1, leading to the activation of c‐Myc and nuclear factor‐κB signals. Pharmacological targeting of integrin β8 by Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser efficiently suppressed sustained growth and drug resistance in bladder cancer cells. Our findings identified integrin β8 as a marker of bladder cancer diagnosis and development, and provides an innovative approach for clinical bladder cancer therapy.
Immunization with neural‐derived peptides increases neurogenesis in rats with chronic spinal cord injury
Authors: Rodríguez‐Barrera Roxana , Flores‐Romero Adrián , García Elisa , Fernández‐Presas Ana Maria , Incontri‐Abraham Diego , Navarro‐Torres Lisset , García‐Sánchez Julián , Juárez‐Vignon Whaley Juan José , Madrazo Ignacio , Ibarra Antonio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsImmunization with neural‐derived peptides (INDP) has demonstrated to be a promising therapy to achieve a regenerative effect in the chronic phase of the spinal cord injury (SCI). Nevertheless, INDP‐induced neurogenic effects in the chronic stage of SCI have not been explored.Methods and ResultsIn this study, we analyzed the effect of INDP on both motor and sensitive function recovery; afterward, we assessed neurogenesis and determined the production of cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐10, and TNF alpha) and neurotrophic factors (BDNF and GAP‐43). During the chronic stage of SCI, rats subjected to INDP showed a significant increase in both motor and sensitive recovery when compared to the control group. Moreover, we found a significant increase in neurogenesis, mainly at the central canal and at both the dorsal and ventral horns of INDP‐treated animals. Finally, INDP induced significant production of antiinflammatory and regeneration‐associated proteins in the chronic stages of SCI.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that INDP has a neurogenic effect that could improve motor and sensitive recovery in the chronic stage of SCI. Moreover, our results also envision the use of INDP as a possible therapeutic strategy for other trauma‐related disorders like traumatic brain injury.
Treacher Collins syndrome: A novel TCOF1 mutation and monopodial stapes
Authors: Kantaputra Piranit Nik , Tripuwabhrut Kanich , Intachai Worrachet , Carlson Bruce M. , Quarto Natalina , Ngamphiw Chumpol , Tongsima Sissades , Sonsuwan Nuntigar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTreacher Collins syndrome (TCS: OMIM 154500) is an autosomal dominant craniofacial disorder belonging to the heterogeneous group of mandibulofacial dysostoses.ObjectiveTo investigate four Treacher Collins syndrome patients of the Sgaw Karen family living in Thailand.MethodClinical examination, hearing tests, lateral cephalometric analyses, Computed tomography, whole exome sequencing and Sanger direct sequencing were performed.ResultsAll of the patients affected with Treacher Collins syndrome carried a novel TCOF1 mutation (c.4138_4142del; p.Lys1380GlufsTer12), but clinically they did not have the typical facial gestalt of Treacher Collins syndrome, which includes downward‐slanting palpebral fissures, colobomas of the lower eyelids, absence of eyelashes medial to the colobomas, malformed pinnae, hypoplastic zygomatic bones and mandibular hypoplasia. Lateral cephalometric analyses identified short anterior and posterior cranial bases, and hypoplastic maxilla and mandible. Computed tomography showed fusion of malleus and incus, sclerotic mastoid, hypoplastic middle ear space with a soft tissue remnant, dehiscence of facial nerve and monopodial stapes.ConclusionTreacher Collins syndrome in Sgaw Karen patients has not been previously documented. This is the first report of monopodial stapes in a TCS patient who had a TCOF1 mutation. The absence of a common facial phenotype and/or the presence of monopodial stapes may be the effects of this novel TCOF1 mutation.
The role of weight perceptions and their impact on health and well‐being: A multiple mediation model
Authors: Dias Neto David , Mourinho Baptista Telmo , Marques Catarina , Sousa Ferreira Ana 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe present study analyses the role of weight distortion and weight self‐criticism in explaining the relationship between actual weight and perceived health, well‐being, body satisfaction and emotional eating. Eight hundred and six individuals were selected from a national study on nutrition. They were divided into two groups according to self‐reported dieting. A questionnaire measuring the outcome variables was implemented. Weight distortion and self‐criticism were calculated using actual, estimated and desired BMI. A multiple mediation model was estimated using structural equation modelling. A valid model was obtained in which weight self‐criticism is a partial mediator of the relationship between weight and body satisfaction and a full mediator of the relationship between weight and emotional eating for the non‐dieter group. For the dieter group, full mediation of weight self‐criticism is observed in the relationships between weight and health, well‐being and body satisfaction. For weight distortion, no mediation effect is found in either group. The results highlight the importance of weight perceptions in understanding the influence of body weight on several aspects of health and well‐being. The type of weight perception is also relevant. A critical attitude towards weight is more determinant than the distortion in weight appraisal.
Evaluating a potential role for community pharmacists in post‐bariatric patient nutritional support
Authors: Graham Yitka N. H. , Earl‐Sinha Charlotte , Parkin Lindsay , Callejas‐Diaz Lindes , Fox Ann , Tierney Callum , Mahawar Kamal , Hayes Catherine 
Published: April 2020

SummaryPhysiological changes to the body from bariatric surgery necessitate lifelong vitamin and mineral supplementation to prevent potential nutritional deficiencies. Presently, there is no consensus on appropriate long‐term follow‐up in community settings for people who have undergone bariatric surgery. Current UK guidelines recommend annual monitoring of nutritional status, but little else. Semi‐structured interviews were carried out with members of a high volume bariatric surgical unit and community pharmacists working in a variety of settings and locations. Data were collected between June and August 2018 and analysed using a thematic analytic framework. Twenty‐five participants were recruited. Bariatric staff (n = 9) reported negligible interaction with community pharmacists but felt establishing communication and developing a potential pathway to collaborate, would provide additional support and potentially improved levels of patient compliance. Community pharmacists (n = 16) reported poor knowledge of bariatric surgery, indicating they were unable to routinely identify people who had bariatric surgery, but understood issues with absorption of vitamins. There is evident potential to involve community pharmacists in post‐bariatric patient care pathways. Pharmacists possess knowledge of absorption and metabolism of supplements which could be used to actively support people who have had bariatric surgery in their changed physiological status. Education ought to focus on the functional impact of bariatric surgical procedures and interventions and the consequent nutritional recommendations required. Communication between bariatric units and community pharmacies is needed to construct a clear and formalized infrastructure of support, with remuneration for pharmacy specialist expertise agreed to ensure both financial viability and sustainability.
Superficial malignant ossifying fibromyxoid tumors harboring the rare and recently described ZC3H7B‐BCOR and PHF1‐TFE3 fusions
Authors: Linos Konstantinos , Kerr Darcy A , Baker Michael , Wong Sandra , Henderson Eric , Sumegi Janos , Bridge Julia A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOssifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm of uncertain differentiation and intermediate biologic potential. Up to 85% of OFMTs, including benign, atypical, and malignant forms, harbor fusion genes. Most commonly, the PHF1 gene localized to 6p21 is fused with EP400, but other fusion partners, such as MEAF6, EPC1, and JAZF1 have also been described. Herein, we present two rare cases of superficial OFMTs with ZC3H7B‐BCOR and the very recently described PHF1‐TFE3 fusions. The latter also exhibited moderate to strong diffuse immunoreactivity for TFE3. Reciprocally, this finding expands the entities with TFE3 rearrangements. Accumulation of additional data is necessary to determine if OFMTs harboring these rare fusions feature any reproducible clinicopathologic findings or carry prognostic and/or predictive implications.
Construction workers' alcohol use, knowledge, perceptions of risk and workplace norms
Authors: Roche Ann M. , Chapman Janine , Duraisingam Vinita , Phillips Brooke , Finnane Jim , Pidd Ken 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsGlobally, there is growing concern regarding workers' alcohol use and its implications for health, wellbeing and workplace safety. Male‐dominated industries are more susceptible to risky alcohol consumption and its associated harms. This paper investigated the patterns, prevalence and predictors of risky drinking among construction workers.Design and MethodsMale construction workers (n = 511) completed a survey measuring alcohol‐related measures including Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test ‐ Concise (AUDIT‐C), which was compared with population data. Hierarchical multiple regression examined alcohol‐related knowledge, perception of risk to workplace safety, psychological distress, job stress, general health, quality of life and workplace alcohol culture variables as predictors of risky drinking.ResultsPrevalence of risky drinking was higher than the national average, particularly for younger (<25 years) and mid‐aged (45–54 years) workers. One in six construction workers reported workmates being visibly affected by alcohol in the workplace. Key predictors of risky drinking were perception of alcohol‐related risks to workplace safety, general health, alcohol knowledge and descriptive norms regarding workmates' alcohol use.Discussion and ConclusionsThese findings provide useful insights into the patterns and predictors of risky drinking in construction and can inform future preventive programs and interventions in high‐risk workplaces. In addition to tailoring programs to both young and mid‐aged workers, this work highlights the importance of implementing strategies to increase awareness of risks to workplace safety; and the adoption of norms that inhibit the social acceptability of risky drinking behaviour in the wider workplace.
Screen‐time influences children's mental imagery performance
Authors: Suggate Sebastian P. , Martzog Philipp 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMental imagery is a foundational human faculty that depends on active image construction and sensorimotor experiences. However, children now spend a significant proportion of their day engaged with screen‐media, which (a) provide them with ready‐made mental images, and (b) constitute a sensory narrowing whereby input is typically focused on the visual and auditory modalities. Accordingly, we test the idea that screen‐time influences the development of children's mental imagery with a focus on mental image generation and inspection from the visual and haptic domains. In a longitudinal cross‐lagged panel design, children (n = 266) aged between 3 and 9 years were tested at two points in time, 10 months apart. Measures of screen‐time and mental imagery were employed, alongside a host of control variables including working memory, vocabulary, demographics, device ownership, and age of exposure to screen‐media. Findings indicate a statistically significant path from screen‐time at time 1 to mental imagery at time 2, above and beyond the influence of the control variables. These unique findings are discussed in terms of the influence of screen‐time on mental imagery.
Hyperoxia improves autonomic function in individuals with long‐duration type 1 diabetes and macroalbuminuria
Authors: Laursen J. C. , Hansen C. S. , Bordino M. , Vistisen D. , Zobel E. H. , Winther S. A. , Groop P‐H. , Frimodt‐Møller M. , Bernardi L. , Rossing P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimAcute oxygen inhalation and slow deep breathing improve measures of autonomic function transiently in individuals with short‐duration type 1 diabetes. Our aims were to examine these interventions and changes in autonomic function in individuals with long‐duration type 1 diabetes and to explore interactions with the presence of macroalbuminuria or existing cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.MethodsIndividuals with type 1 diabetes (n = 54) were exposed to acute oxygen inhalation, slow deep breathing and a combination of both (hereafter ‘the combination’). Primary outcomes were change in baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability. Associations between changes in outcomes were evaluated using mixed effects models.ResultsMean age ± sd was 60 ± 10 years and diabetes duration was 38 ± 14 years. Changes are presented as per cent difference from baseline with 95% confidence intervals. Acute oxygen inhalation, slow deep breathing and the combination increased baroreflex sensitivity by 21 (10, 34)%, 32 (13, 53)% and 30 (10, 54)%, respectively. Acute oxygen inhalation trended towards increasing heart rate variability 8 (−1, 17)% (P = 0.056), and slow deep breathing and the combination increased heart rate variability by 33 (18, 49)% and 44 (27, 64)% respectively. Macroalbuminuria or cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy did not modify results.ConclusionAutonomic function is improved transiently in individuals with long‐duration type 1 diabetes and normoalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria by acute oxygen inhalation and slow deep breathing. There is a risk of survival bias. Autonomic dysfunction might be a reversible condition, and hypoxia might represent a target of intervention.