bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Opportunities for Renewable Energy Electrification in Remote Areas of Costa Rica
Authors: Richmond-Navarro Gustavo , Madriz-Vargas Rolando , Ureña-Sandí Noel , Barrientos-Johansson Fabian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Most countries around the world are politically driven to move toward a low-carbon future by embracing renewable energy technologies for electricity generation. With abundance of renewable energy resources, Costa Rica produces over 95 percent of its electricity from hydro, geothermal, and wind power plants. Only one percent of its population live without electricity, mainly in remote territories where rural off-grid electrification is very challenging. The purpose of this research is to contribute to enhancing the opportunities to reach universal electricity access in Costa Rica by studying some cases. A comparison with the African situation is made in order to find common points of benefit and learning.
This article highlights that a greater level of engagement is needed from local leaders to develop efficient solutions in Costa Rica, and brings a relevant comparison with Africa’s energy needs as well.
Production Environments of Digital Innovations: a Scalar Perspective on Cultural Legitimacy in Zambian Coding Networks
Authors: Schmitt Daniel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The rise of digital innovations is critical to many people and organizations in the Global South. By looking at programmers and their associated networks as digital production environment, this article aims to shed light on digital innovation processes to get a better understanding of those networks’ inherent characteristics. With analyzing coding networks in Zambia’s capital Lusaka, the study combines cultural legitimacy as a perspective from innovation scholars with scale. The case study is built on Geels’ and Verhees’ (2011) conceptualization of frames that stakeholders use to promote technology, and shows how members of coding networks produce and push legitimacy. Looking through the lenses of scale at perceived plausibility and salience of the production of frames, a variety of promoted frames around technology in connection to their actor’s credibility, empirical fit, and macro-cultural resonance are identified. Further, the research identifies influence structures within coding networks effecting their members scope of actions.
Priests of Ur in the Old Babylonian Period: a Reappraisal in Light of the 2017 Discoveries at Ur/Tell Muqayyar
Authors: Charpin Dominique 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Thirty-two years after the publication of Le Clergé d’Ur au siècle d’Hammurabi (1986), a reappraisal of the situation is made possible by collations of already known texts, and by new tablets provided by the resumption of excavations on the site of Tell Muqayyer. The question of the estate properties within the city of Ur will first be examined: generally, the members of the clergy owned the houses they inhabited, which were not the property of the temple of the Moon-god Nanna. Then the evidence about the specific situation of the purification priests devoted to the god Enki-of-Eridu will be studied: the older data are supplemented by new ones discovered in 2017 in a house occupied by a Babylonian general. Finally, the level of literacy of the clergy and the role they played in education will be examined; here again, the 2017 season provides new evidence thanks to the discovery of a house inhabited by an intendant of the temple of the goddess Ningal.
Babylonian Priesthood during the Third Millennium BCE: Between Sacred and Profane
Authors: Steinkeller Piotr 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article offers an overview of the early Babylonian priesthood, as it was organized and operated during the third millennium BCE. It is emphasized that the priests and priestesses proper, i.e., individuals who were specifically concerned with cultic matters, represented a relatively small segment of the employees of temple households. Much more numerous within these institutions (which might more appropriately be termed “temple communities”) were the individuals whose roles were of either administrative or economic character. Focusing on the administrators of temple households, and identifying them as “Managerial Class,” the article argues that, during Pre-Sargonic times, this social group wielded great economic and political power, which at times even exceeded that of the emerging secular leaders (such as ensiks and lugals). To demonstrate this point, an interaction between these two competing centers of powers (particularly in the city-state of Lagaš) is studied in detail.
In memory of Itamar Singer
Kings, Priests, and Power in the Neo-Assyrian Period
Authors: Zaia Shana 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Despite a relative dearth of information in the surviving corpus about Assyrian priests’ more routine concerns, the Assyrian state correspondence contains some details that can improve our knowledge of priests’ daily lives, rights, and responsibilities. Using four case studies, this paper analyzes situations in which priests are accused of misconduct or crimes to better understand the powers and expectations of individual priestly offices as well as the realities of everyday life that might have rendered these boundaries more flexible or surmountable. These cases of irregularities reveal that cultic personnel had distinct economic, legal, and judicial roles and were sometimes able to extend their powers when necessary to manage issues such as crime and shortages in resources, only requesting royal intervention as a last resort.
The Dao of CSR
Authors: Hawes Colin , Young Angus 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Widespread corporate scandals involving corruption, environmental pollution, IP theft and food/product safety demonstrate that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has not yet taken root among Chinese business firms. One major reason is that Chinese managers view CSR as a foreign concept, an externally imposed set of rules, that fails to resonate with their internal worldview. This paper proposes a new approach to CSR based on ‘vital energy’ (qi) circulating within an organically integrated moral cosmos (dao)—a traditional Chinese ecological worldview that overcomes cultural barriers to acceptance, while simultaneously drawing on insights from contemporary behavioural economics and materials science. The paper provides Chinese conceptual tools to transform an externally imposed burden on business firms into an internally generated, ecologically situated, creative and productive corporate evolution.
Visualising Female Authorship. Author Portraits and the Representation of Female Literary Authority in the Eighteenth-Century Dutch Republic
Authors: van Deinsen Lieke 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article discusses printed author portraits of women writers as vehicles of public image in the male-dominated eighteenth-century book market. It shows how Dutch women writers responded to the growing demand for author portraits and used their portrait engravings to shape their public image. It proved to be a fine line between showcasing literary aspirations and maintaining female modesty.
The Library of Leufstabruk: An Eighteenth Century Portal of Cultural Transfer Between Sweden and the Dutch Republic
Authors: Alsemgeest Alex 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The library of Leufstabruk is an eighteenth century private library in Sweden that was built up by industrialist and entomologist Charles De Geer (1720-1778). Approximately 1500 contemporary titles from the library were purchased by mail-order from the booksellers Samuel (II) and Johannes Luchtmans in Leiden. Leufstabruk was, however, not only a place where Enlightenment literature was brought in, but also a centre of knowledge production. In this article, I will explore Leufstabruk as a portal for cultural transfer between Sweden and the Dutch Republic, and consider how this collection may serve as a frame to rethink the emergence of Sweden as a centre of knowledge creation in the eighteenth century
Sustainable Development and Corporate Social Responsibility under the 2018 Petroleum Host and Impacted Communities Development Trust Bill: Is Nigeria Rehashing Past Mistakes?
Authors: Amodu Nojeem 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe 2018 Petroleum Host and Impacted Communities Development Trust Bill before the Nigerian National Assembly was proposed to foster sustainable development (SD) and embed corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the oil and gas corporate activities within host communities. From the backdrop of SD and CSR as regulatory concepts, this article scrutinizes the Bill for its viability to realize its objectives in its current form. It raises concerns about: (i) perceived negligence by the government to provide social services and public goods, seeming to outsource such responsibilities to the business community; (ii) the reduction of CSR to capital or community development projects; and (iii) the absence of useful delimitation criteria to determine host and impacted communities. The article argues that past mistakes are being rehashed and queries the capacity of the Bill to live up to stakeholders’ expectations. Using the normative contributions of global templates such as the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the article recommends policy and regulatory changes to the Bill’s governance structure towards embedding effective CSR and engendering SD in the Nigerian oil and gas industry.
Legal Framework to Gender-Based Violence, Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights of Indigenous Women in Cameroon
Authors: Ageh Agejo Patrick 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMen and women have different health profiles which necessitate different health needs, as a result of their biology and their distinct status in society. Discrimination and harmful traditional practices in many societies in the global south further affect the reproductive health of indigenous women. The paper will highlight discrimination against women in patriarchal indigenous communities in Cameroon. The paper focuses on violations that affect women’s reproductive health. The paper will discuss these violations in light of the country’s commitment to Sustainable Development Goal No. 3 on good health and well-being and Goal No. 5 on gender equality. The paper will also highlight the national and international laws addressing the right to the reproductive health of indigenous women. It will also examine gender-sensitive interventions, legislation and policies put in place by the indigenous community and the Government of Cameroon if any. The paper will end with conclusion and suggestions/recommendations on ways to improve the reproductive health of indigenous women in Cameroon.
A Dig through Archives and Depots
Authors: Bettineschi Cinzia , Deotto Giulia , Begg Donald James Ian , Molin Gianmario , Zanovello Paola , Fassone Alessia , Greco Christian , Borla Matilde , Angelini Ivana 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Despite the key role of the Ptolemaic period in the history of glass technology, very little is known on the workshop activities and on the organization of the production. This is mainly due to the limits of the documentation currently available, consisting of very few archaeological contexts often poorly preserved. This contribution presents a first overview of the material and archival record related to the 1931 excavations in the Ptolemaic inlay workshop of Tebtynis (Fayum oasis, Egypt). Unlike other coeval sites, the data from Tebtynis revealed a complete set of evidence related to the stratigraphy and the topography of the craft area, to the shape and size of the kiln, to the furniture, the tools, the raw materials, and the finished products discovered. The interpretation of the data provides the opportunity to propose new hypotheses on the function of the spaces and the tools, but also on the chronology of the workshop, contributing to shedding light on the technological and empirical knowledge of the ancient Egyptian glassmakers in a crucial moment of glass history.
An Overlooked Construction Manual for the Quadrans Vetustissimus
Authors: Nothaft C. Philipp E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article presents an edition and brief analysis of the previously overlooked text De compositione quadrae, which is transmitted as part of a scientific miscellany assembled at Worcester Cathedral Priory no later than 1140. De compositione quadrae offers hitherto unavailable information on the construction of the so-called quadrans vetustissimus, a version of the universal horary quadrant circulating in Latin Europe during the eleventh and twelfth centuries. It is particularly noteworthy for its description of a graphical method of inscribing the months of the Julian calendar on the quadrant’s cursor, which successfully approximates the sine function that determines the change of solar declination in the course of a year.
Contributions to Animal Ceroplastics
Authors: Sánchez de Lollano Prieto Joaquín , Sánchez Ortiz Alicia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of this article is to disseminate the scientific and artistic contribution made by Cristóbal Garrigó de Nis (1800–1863). A professor of veterinary medicine, his career as an anatomical sculptor has left us one of the most unique ceroplastic collections in Spain. It currently forms part of the Complutense Veterinary Museum (Madrid). This article presents previously unpublished data about his personal life and professional activity that was gathered from primary sources – archives and the press – of the era. This has allowed us to reconstruct his life story, find out more about his dual training and understand the reasons that led him to create the teaching models for the anatomical cabinet of the Royal Veterinary School in Madrid. Of special interest are his main contributions to the manufacture of these anatomical pieces and specifically his invention of his own papier-mâché paste in 1848.
Esperienza, Teacher of All Things
Authors: Fix Adam 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper reexamines the music and experimental science of Vincenzo Galilei through the lens of artisanal epistemology. Where previous scholars have questioned the veracity of Vincenzo’s experiments, I unpack how Vincenzo himself understood and utilized esperienza. Arguing against Cohen and Prins especially, I assert that Vincenzo’s esperienza functioned as a rational-empirical way of studying nature. I then show how esperienza played analogous roles in his science and practice. By treating his music as artisanal epistemology, I portray Vincenzo’s musical composition, like his experimentalism, as a form of natural knowledge-making. He deployed esperienza in science to capture knowledge of consonance and in art to express knowledge of music’s effects on passions. Finally, I situate Vincenzo within broader humanistic and artistic trends and consider his influence on Galileo. This study explores Renaissance music at the nexus of mathematical theory and empirical and instrumental practice while reinterpreting the early modern concept of esperienza.
“The Spiritual is Political”
Authors: Felitti Karina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article analyses the circulation of feminist ideas and practices in women’s circles and connected workshops geared to urban middle-class heterosexual cisgender women, and the presence of spiritual elements in massive feminist mobilisations in contemporary Argentina. It uses a qualitative methodology based on ethnographic observations, interviews and analyses of digital content carried out between 2014 and October 2019. In a national and international context of feminist visibility and broad availability of spiritual goods and services, I explore the relations between secularisation and sexual politics, and spirituality and feminisms. The outcomes show a secular-based feminism permeable to spiritual practices and an increasing participation of women who define themselves as spiritual in feminist demonstrations. They also suggest that this convergence assists in the dissemination of sexual and reproductive rights in a definition that integrates notions of bodily knowledge, self-management, empowerment and spiritual wellness.
The Parting of Ways between ʿAlid Shiʿism and Abbasid Shiʿism: An Analysis of the Missives between the Caliph al-Manṣūr and Muḥammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya
Authors: Tor D.G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Abbasid Revolution rode to power on a religious ideology based upon ʿAlī’s legitimacy and the Abbasid Muḥammad b. ʿAlī’s supposed appointment as imam by ʿAlī’s grandson Abū Hāshim. In the wake of the Revolution, however, the differences between the Hāshimiyya and purely ʿAlid branches of the proto-Shiʿa came to a head. This article demonstrates that the pivotal theological turning point occurred in the year 145/762, as a result of the revolt of the Ḥasanid Muḥammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya. The article’s close reading of the arguments adduced in the purported correspondence between the two sides, preserved uniquely in al-Ṭabarī’s chronicle, reveals why in the wake of this revolt the Abbasids ultimately found the legitimating theology of their original daʿwa to be untenable.
The Notion of gharīb in Arabic Lexica
Authors: Baalbaki Ramzi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
From very early in the Islamic linguistic tradition, the study of strange words, patterns, and constructions (gharīb) has been of interest. For the early philologists, words and expressions were “gharīb” when they were in use in the language of the Bedouins (Aʿrāb) but were rare in the contemporary language of those who collected the material. In this article, the early gharīb lexica and the development of the genre of gharīb works in later centuries is discussed, focusing on gharīb al-lugha (gharīb in the speech of the Arabs, kalām al-ʿArab), gharīb al-Qurʾān, and gharīb al-Ḥadīth, respectively.
Zhao Luanluan and Her Tale
Authors: Milburn Olivia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Zhao Luanluan 趙鸞鸞 is the main protagonist of an early Ming dynasty work of fiction, the “Luanluan zhuan” 鸞鸞傳 or “The Tale of Luanluan” by Li Changqi 李昌祺 (1376–1452), which is found in his collection of twenty-two short stories: Jiandeng yuhua 剪燈餘話 (More Stories Written While Trimming the Lamp). Zhao Luanluan is here described as a woman poet who is caught up in the fall of the Yuan dynasty, but subsequently she was further fictionalized as a Tang dynasty courtesan, and her poetic works reattributed to this imaginary person. Furthermore other related fictional female poets of the Ming dynasty have also been treated as genuine historical individuals, and their writings are included in many major anthologies of women’s poetry. This paper argues that the boundaries between genuine female poets and fictional female poets created by male writers have been consistently ignored.
Reconstructing Buddhist Monasteries in Post-Taiping China
Authors: Scott Gregory Adam 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Taiping War (1850–1864) destroyed tens, perhaps hundreds of thousands of religious sites across China. In the wake of the destruction, Buddhist and other religious leaders led reconstruction campaigns to rebuild temples and monasteries that had been destroyed. This article examines some general trends in the post-Taiping religious reconstruction, and looks at a few case studies of well-known Buddhist monasteries that were rebuilt in the years following the war. I argue that not only was the post-war reconstruction a lively and energetic process, but that it helped to shape Buddhist religious culture long after the first phase of reconstructions were completed. Reconstruction was not simply a return to the status quo ante bellum, but rather an opportunity to introduce change into what was normally a highly stable system.
Loss, Nostalgia, and Hope: the Ming-Qing Transition in the Fiction of “the Hazy Crossing Ferryman of Xiaoxiang”
Authors: Macdonald Alastair Ewan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the reactions to the trauma of the Ming-Qing dynastic transition in the novellas of a writer known only as “Xiaoxiang mijinduzhe” (The Hazy Crossing Ferryman of Xiaoxiang). His works provide an informative contrast to the more celebrated loyalist literature of the same era: they express unease at foreign rule but do not show an idealistic loyalism to the Ming. Though the Yongle period (1402–1424) of the Ming is held up as a lost golden age, the post-Yongle Ming dynasty is portrayed as an era of corruption and chaos, presided over by incompetent and/or dissolute emperors. The novellas also reflect on the lessons of the transition on a deeper level, questioning the long-standing cultural preference for the civil arts over the martial arts. While the novellas acknowledge the poignancy of the passing of an era, they also strike hopeful notes for the future under the Qing.
From Adam to ʿĀdil Shāh: Rethinking Inter-Religious Encounter in the Tārīkh-i Firishteh
Authors: Peterson Jonathan R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite the Tārīkh-i Firishteh’s continued importance for scholarship on early-modern South Asia, little attention has been paid to analyzing the text’s introduction, where its author, Muḥammad Qāsim Astarābādī (Firishteh), articulates a conception of historical time in part by critiquing the Mahabharata. Existing scholarship on the Introduction has invoked the conceptual framework of ‘encounters’ between Persianate and Sanskritic cultural spheres, where Firishteh’s critique of the Mahabharata is made possible through Mughal engagement with Sanskrit texts. By analyzing two registers of the Introduction—tārīkh as a mode of historical narration central to dynastic legitimation, and Abū al-Fażl’s use of the Mahabharata as a way to critique certain Abrahamic conceptions of genesis—this paper suggests that the language of ‘encounter’ is ultimately ill-suited to understanding the Introduction’s most controversial passages.
Vicious Habits
Authors: Wilson Sven E. , Roudiez Christopher , DeSomer Heather , Lewis Coralee , Yetter Noelle 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We analyze a random sample of 15,049 white veterans and 5,329 black veterans of the US Civil War examined by physicians between 1890 and 1906. We calculate a period prevalence of STI of 1.2–1.7 % among whites and 4.2–8.0 % among blacks, even though blacks and whites had almost identical prevalence of STI s in their wartime medical records. Furthermore, we find evidence that Board physicians were on the lookout for STI s among black veterans that could be used to justify denial of pension support. With or without STI s, blacks were rejected at roughly twice the rate of whites during this time period. Currently, racial disparities are even higher today than in this historical period, with blacks currently having a 5–15 times higher incidence than whites. We invite a critical reflection upon practices of screening and measurement systems to assess properly the degree to which racial prejudice may be part of these systems.