bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral 432 Helicoid II Nanoparticle Synthesized with Glutathione and Poly(T)20 Nucleotide
Authors: Lee Yoon Young , Cho Nam Heon , Im Sang Won , Lee Hye‐Eun , Ahn Hyo‐Yong , Nam Ki Tae 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFinding a novel method to generate a chiral plasmonic material has been highlighted in the last decades for its unique light‐matter interactions. Recently, an aqueous based peptide directed synthesis of chiral plasmonic gold nanoparticle with exceptional chiroptic response has been reported. Especially, the facile and precise control of chirality using biomolecules allows potential expansion of chiral metamaterial synthesis. In this work, we show a significant enhancement of chiroptic response by simultaneous introduction of multiple bio‐molecular chiral modifiers, glutathione and homooligonucleotide containing thymine. Compared to previously synthesized single chiral plasmonic nanoparticles using only glutathione molecules, further addition of an oligonucleotide into the growth solution induces a two‐fold increase of dissymmetric factor. We believe that the presented synthetic method proposes an effective route of chiral metamaterial morphology and property control for versatile applications.
Detection of G Protein‐Coupled Receptor Complexes in Postmortem Human Brain by Proximity Ligation Assay
Authors: Zhu Ying , Dwork Andrew J. , Trifilieff Pierre , Javitch Jonathan A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCombining immunological and molecular biological methods, the antibody‐based proximity ligation assay (PLA) has been used for more than a decade to detect and quantify protein‐protein interactions, protein modification, and protein expression in situ, including in brain tissue. However, the transfer of this technology to human brain samples requires a number of precautions due to the nature of the specimens and their specific processing. Here, we used the PLA brightfield detection technique to assess the expression of dopamine D2 receptor and adenosine A2A receptor and their proximity in human postmortem brains, and we developed a systematic random sampling method to help quantify the PLA signals. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Sample preparation and sectioning for PLA_BFBasic Protocol 2: PLA_BF staining of brain tissueBasic Protocol 3: Image acquisition and result analysisSupport Protocol: Luxol fast blue/cresyl violet staining
Zinc Phthalocyanine Conjugated Dimers as Efficient Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Molina Desiré , Ruiz‐Preciado Marco A. , Carlsen Brian , Eickemeyer Felix Thomas , Yang Bowen , Flores‐Díaz Natalie , Álvaro‐Martins Maria João , Nonomura Kazuteru , Hagfeldt Anders , Sastre‐Santos Ángela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFour ZnPc‐dimers with 2,5‐thienyl (ZnPc−th−ZnPc 1), 2,7‐fluorenyl (ZnPc−flu−ZnPc 2), 3,6‐bisthienylldiketopyrrolopyrrole (ZnPc−DPP−ZnPc 3) and 1,4‐phenyl (ZnPc−p−ZnPc 4) bridges have been studied as dopant‐free hole transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The synthesis and characterization of ZnPc−th−ZnPc 1 and ZnPc−flu−ZnPc 2 dimers are reported for the first time. Steady state and time resolved photoluminescence demonstrate the good hole‐extraction capability of these materials. The best efficiencies obtained for dimers 1, 2, 3 and 4 are 15.5 %, 15.6 %, 16.8 % and 15.7 %, respectively, without the addition of dopants. Besides, these derivatives demonstrated better stability both in dark storage conditions with a relative humidity <20 % for 500 h and at 50 °C with a relative humidity >60 % for 160 h when compared to doped spiro−OMeTAD. The push‐pull nature of dimer ZnPc−DPP−ZnPc 3 has led to the highest efficiency among the ZnPc derivatives under study demonstrating that donor‐acceptor‐donor systems can be good alternatives to commonly used materials due their energy levels, low cost and the final morphology of the hole transporting layer.
Simultaneous and Significant Improvements in Efficiency and Stability of Deep‐Blue Organic Light Emitting Diodes through Friedel‐Crafts Arylmethylation of a Fluorophore
Authors: Feng Quanyou , Tan Kesheng , Zheng Xiaojun , Xie Songlin , Xue Kai , Bo Yifan , Zhang He , Lin Dongqing , Rao Junfeng , Xie Xinmiao , Xie Linghai , Cao Hongtao , Zhang Hongmei , Wei Ying , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe molecular design of purely organic fluorophores for highly efficient and stable deep‐blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is still a challenge. Excellent performances in terms of Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates, external quantum efficiency (EQE), brightness and lifespan, often cannot be achieved simultaneously in one deep‐blue OLED. Herein, a novel carbazole‐based thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter DPFCz‐TRZ is designed and synthesized through Friedel‐Crafts arylmethylation of Cz‐TRZ. Compared with the parent compound Cz‐TRZ, the OLED based on DPFCz‐TRZ exhibits significantly improved performances with a maximum EQE of 15.5 % and brightness beyond 16000 cd m−2, while retaining similar deep‐blue emission with a CIE coordinate of (0.15, 0.10), an electroluminescence (EL) maximum of λ=445 nm and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 65 nm. Additionally, the device also shows a respectable lifetime (LT50, time to 50 % of initial luminance) of 78 h at 500 cd m−2, corresponding to a LT50 of 1304 h at 100 cd m−2. Impressively, a record high EQE of 5.2 % can be obtained at a very high luminance of 10000 cd m−2. This work demonstrates the first report of simultaneous achievement over 15 % EQE and 1000 h LT50 (100 cd m−2) in deep‐blue purely organic electroluminescence devices with a coordinate of (≤0.15, ≤0.10) and maximum brightness beyond 16000 cd m−2.
Experimental assessment of optimal lotic eDNA sampling and assay multiplexing for a critically endangered fish
Authors: Wood Zachary T. , Erdman Bradley F. , York Geneva , Trial Joan G. , Kinnison Michael T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDesigning eDNA tools to detect and quantify rare species includes inherent assumptions about the spatial distribution of the organism, spatial nature of eDNA dynamics, and the real‐world performance of alternate assays under field conditions. Here, we use cage experiments with small numbers of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), to reveal that eDNA detection rates and eDNA quantities follow a predictable, but nonlinear relationship with distance from a point source. In contrast to the common assumption of consistent eDNA degradation moving away from a source, eDNA detections and concentrations increased up to roughly 70 m downstream before declining steadily. We apply our eDNA distance functions to selection of stream sampling intervals for detecting fish without known locations and find that even a single juvenile salmon can be reliably detected with intervals up to 400 m spacing. Finally, we show that two different qPCR eDNA assays provide very different detection probabilities in nature despite similar efficiency in laboratory testing, demonstrating the importance of experimentally assessing assay efficiencies in the wild as well as the capacity for multiplexing as a strategy to ensure high detection efficiency when monitoring rare species.
A round‐robin evaluation of the repeatability and reproducibility of environmental DNA assays for dreissenid mussels
Authors: Sepulveda Adam J. , Hutchins Patrick R. , Jackson Craig , Ostberg Carl , Laramie Matthew B. , Amberg Jon , Counihan Tim , Hoegh Andrew , Pilliod David S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResource managers may be hesitant to make decisions based on environmental (e)DNA results alone since eDNA is an indirect method of species detection. One way to reduce the uncertainty of eDNA is to identify laboratory‐based protocols that ensure repeatable and reproducible results. We conducted a double‐blind round‐robin analysis of probe‐based assays for DNA of dreissenid (Dreissena spp.) mussels, which are prolific aquatic invaders that can cause significant economic and ecological impacts. DNA extract from water samples spiked with known amounts of dreissenid DNA and from water samples collected from waters with and without dreissenids were analyzed by four independent research laboratories. We used results to calculate detection repeatability within laboratories and assays, detection reproducibility among laboratories and assays, and estimated dreissenid DNA copy number precision and accuracy. Laboratory and assay repeatability and reproducibility of detection results were high, 91% and 92%, respectively. The estimated copy numbers were neither precise nor accurate for samples spiked with <773 gene copies. These results suggest that eDNA surveillance of dreissenid mussels, using the protocols evaluated herein, can generate reliable detection data for decision‐making. However, managers should be cautious about using the quantitative information often associated with eDNA detections, especially when DNA is at lower abundance. Our results provide strong support that eDNA has the potential to provide repeatable and reproducible evidence under varying laboratory conditions and for different sample water chemistries. This is reassuring since the demand for eDNA surveillance is widespread and number of laboratories that process eDNA samples is growing steadily.
Reversible ternary nickel‐cobalt‐iron catalysts for intermittent water electrolysis
Authors: Lu Xunyu , Zhang Qingran , Ng Yun Hau , Zhao Chuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlobal‐scale application of water splitting technology for hydrogen fuel production and storage of intermittent renewable energy sources such as solar and wind has called for the development of oxygen evolution catalysts and hydrogen evolution catalysts that are inexpensive, efficient, robust, and can withstand frequent power interruptions and shutdowns. Current water electrolyzers must operate with a protective current in stand‐by/idle modes to avoid a substantial catalyst degradation. Here, we show a hierarchically structured porous ternary composite catalyst of nickel, cobalt and iron (NiCoFe) hydroxides prepared via electrodeposition on three‐dimensional (3D) nickel foam (NF) substrates as reversible bifunctional electrodes for both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The NiCoFe/NF electrode exhibits exceptionally high catalytic activity, requiring overpotentials as low as 220 and 50 mV, respectively, for OER and HER to occur. In a water electrolysis cell comprising of two NiCoFe/NF electrodes, an overall cell overpotential of merely 300 mV is required to deliver a stabilized current density of 3 mA cm−2. The ternary electrocatalyst also exhibits prolonged stability under both continuous and intermittent electrolysis and can be used for oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reversibly without degradation.image
Thermal sensor performance and fire characterisation during short duration engulfment tests
Authors: Kemp Shelley , Proulx Gary , Auerbach Margaret , Grady Michael , Parry Roger , Camenzind Martin 
Published: January 2020

SummaryA small‐scale reproduction of the ISO 13506‐1 thermal manikin was constructed to enable the assessment of manikin sensor performance, the partitioning of energy, and the variability of the fire generated during short duration heat and flame engulfment tests. The cylindrical test apparatus simultaneously housed four total heat flux (THF) sensors, one radiant heat flux sensor, and three manikin sensors. Calibrated manikin sensors were provided by nine laboratories and were categorised as buried thermocouple, copper‐based, or surface‐mounted thermocouple sensors. The test apparatus was exposed to fire generated by four propane torches for three exposure durations. All sensors presented similar profiles in net heat flux over time, which could be divided into four distinct phases: transient increase, pseudo‐steady state, transient decrease, and post‐exposure. Over pseudo‐steady state, the mean THF over all exposure durations was 88 ± 8 kW/m2, and the ratio of convective to radiant energy was approximately 50:50, but highly variable. For a 4‐second exposure, manikin sensors from five laboratories had a bias in heat flux greater than ± 5% during pseudo‐steady state when compared with the THF sensors. This bias can primarily be attributed to the sensitivity of the manikin sensors to convective heat or heat loss due to sensor design.
Vom Marmorkrebs und anderen Einwanderern
Authors: Jeschke Jonathan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractÖkologie im Anthropozän: Biologen möchten die dynamischen und vielschichtigen Interaktionen zwischen Lebewesen und ihrer Umwelt verstehen, wobei sie bei „Umwelt“ auch den Menschen und seine Aktivitäten mitdenken. Was das bedeutet, zeigt sich am Beispiel invasiver Arten und ihrer Lebensgemeinschaften.
Zwischen Labor und Krankenbett
Authors: Unterstell Rembert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDer Kölner Onkologe und Clinician Scientist Christian Reinhardt verbindet die Behandlung von Krebspatienten mit der Erforschung zielgerichteter und personalisierter Therapien. Neue Ansatzpunkte dafür soll ein tieferes molekulares Krankheitsverständnis liefern
Clincopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of oral leukoplakia by carbon dioxide laser excision in the elderly patients
Authors: Yang Shih‐Wei , Lee Yun‐Shien , Chang Liang‐Che , Hwang Cheng‐Cheng , Chen Tai‐An 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundOlder age is one of the factors associated with malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia (OL). The purpose of this study is to analyze the clincopathological features and treatment outcomes of OL in the elderly patients.MethodsThe demographic data and histopathological results of the patients (age ≥ 65) who received carbon dioxide laser surgery for OL from 2002 to 2017 were analyzed statistically.ResultsThere were 53 males and 16 females, with a mean age 71.2 ± 4.9. The follow‐up time was 42.5 ± 35.2 months. In the univariate analysis, morphology, pathology, and area were found to be factors associated with postoperative recurrence. Among these factors, pathology and area were the independent predictive factors for recurrence in the multivariate logistic regression model. Malignant transformation occurred in 8 of 69 patients (11.6%).ConclusionsThe pathological high‐risk dysplasia and area of OL were the two prognostic factors for postoperative recurrence.
Enjoyment and acceptability of different exercise modalities to improve bone health in young adult women
Authors: Lambert Conor , Beck Belinda R. , Watson Steven L. , Harding Amy T. , Weeks Benjamin K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIssue addressedOsteoporosis presents a serious public health issue and physical activity is recognised as the most effective modifiable risk factor for the condition. The reasons behind physical activity participation, however, are complex. We therefore aimed to explore the experiences related to a bone‐targeted exercise intervention, determine enjoyment and acceptability of each exercise mode, and identify barriers and facilitators to osteogenic exercise for young adult women.MethodsThe present study was conducted within the Osteoporosis Prevention Through Impact and Muscle‐loading Approaches to Exercise (OPTIMA‐Ex) trial, a three‐arm RCT comparing musculoskeletal outcomes from two supervised, high‐intensity, exercise programs (impact and resistance training) with an unsupervised low‐intensity exercise control. A mixed‐methods approach was used, including quality of life and physical activity enjoyment questionnaires and qualitative analysis of semi‐structured interviews.ResultsAll groups had improvements in the 'mental health' domain of the quality of life measure; however, the two supervised exercise groups had greater levels of physical activity enjoyment. The qualitative analysis revealed that overall the trial activities were positively, yet the two supervised groups had 'richer' exercise experiences. Motivations for participation, barriers to physical activity and desired continuation of participation differed between all three groups.ConclusionsFindings suggest that bone‐targeted exercise interventions for young adult women must address perceived time demands and environmental barriers to participation in order to maximise compliance and adherence.So what?As physical activity is the most effective lifestyle strategy to improve bone health and young adulthood an important window for its augmentation, increasing convenience, accessibility and understanding of osteoporosis preventative behaviours in this demographic is vital.
ADVANCES IN UTILIZATION OF WASTEWATER IN AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE: A TECHNICAL NOTE
Authors: Odoemena Kenneth Ikenna , MD Rowshon Kamal , Hasfalina Binti Che Man 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper has endeavoured to produce a technical note on the hazards that humans and the environment face with the burden of wastewater irrigation on crops and the soil. Reports based on past and present issues related to wastewater used in irrigation of crops and the health implications when it is applied in the arable field for irrigating crops have been considered broadly. It is conclusive that wastewater has polluted and contaminated crops and soil when not properly treated before being applied for irrigation purposes. The crop effects and advantages of wastewater reuse in agriculture are of extensive application because of a lack of water in numerous parts of the world. Besides, the impacts of wastewater systems should be assessed not only from the perspective of social, monetary and natural viewpoints, but in addition from the sustainable improvement point of view; thus this paper surveyed the sustainability, benefits, impediments, developments and innovations of using the wastewater in water systems for agriculture. Wastewater treatment must be further advanced to address developing concerns such as amount and quality. More effective decentralized wastewater administration frameworks must be set up to provide the approach to abridge the cost of wastewater treatment. Finally, we require suitable strategies to catch and convey water, secure soil, reuse wastewater and streamline its administration. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diurnal cycle of rainfall over Lake Victoria Basin during the long‐rain season based on TRMM satellite estimate
Authors: Onyango Augustine O. , Xu Haiming , Lin Zhaohui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe spatial–temporal characteristics of March–April–May rainfall are investigated over Lake Victoria Basin on a diurnal time scale using harmonic and principal component analyses. The study uses high‐resolution Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B42 V7 satellite estimate for the years 1998–2015. The diurnal signal in the initiation time for the land and the lake shows a difference in amplitude and phase with a peak in the late afternoon to evening over the land and late night to early morning over the lake. The rainfall maximum first appears over the highlands on the northeast of the lake around 1500 local standard time (LST) then intensifies and migrates westwards. Around 0300 LST the rainfall is observed ubiquitously over the lake before localizing in the western half of the lake around 1100 LST. There exists an enhanced rainfall amplitude of about 50% of the daily rainfall mean over the northeastern sector of the basin and the western half of the lake. By comparison, the amplitude of the semi‐diurnal cycle is weaker and in the range of 1–30% of the daily mean. Rainfall amount (RA) values are higher over the lake and the highlands on the east of the basin while lower on southeastern and western parts of the basin. The distribution of RA, rainfall intensity (RI) and rainfall frequency revealed high peak of RA over the eastern part of the basin that may be attributed to the high incidence of moderate rainfall. The peak over the western half of the lake may be ascribed to the enhanced RI over the lake.
Collective Trauma and Mental Health Hospitalization Rates Among Children in New York State, 1999–2013: Age, Period, and Cohort Effects
Authors: Liu Sze Yan , Lim Sungwoo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMental health hospitalization rates among U.S. children have been increasing locally and nationally in recent decades. Children in New York State (NYS) have also witnessed several collective traumatic events during the last two decades including the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks (9/11), the Great Recession, and Hurricane Sandy (2012) and its aftermath. Decomposition of these rates into age, period, and cohort effects may help elucidate how large‐scale collective traumatic events may be driving time trends. This study examined age–period–cohort effects in children and youth mental health hospitalizations in NYS from 1999–2013. Age effects followed a linear trend from age 5 years, B = −2.76, 95% CI [−3.48, −2.03)] up to age 15 years, B = 1.62, 95% CI [1.52, 1.73]. The largest period effects were noted in 2004, B = 0.36, 95% CI [0.28, 0.45], and in 2013, B = 0.31, 95% CI [0.15, 0.47], approximately 3 years after 9/11 and the Great Recession, respectively. The largest birth cohort effect was noted for children born in 1992–1995 (range: 0.29 for children born in 1992–0.27 for children born in 1995), suggesting that the birth cohorts who experienced the 9/11 attacks during middle childhood and the Great Recession during puberty are at increased risk of mental health hospitalizations compared to other birth cohorts.
The protection of NF‐κB inhibition on kidney injury of systemic lupus erythematosus mice may be correlated with lncRNA TUG1
Authors: Cao Hai‐Yu , Li Dong , Wang Yun‐Peng , Lu Hui‐Xiu , Sun Jing , Li Hai‐Bin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe aimed to know the effect of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) inhibition on the kidney injury of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) mice. Pristane‐induced SLE mice were treated with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 50 or 100 mg/kg), a NF‐κB inhibitor. Histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin & eosin, Masson and periodic schiff‐methenamine stainings. Long noncoding RNA Taurine upregulated gene 1 (LncRNA TUG1) was measured by real‐time reverse transcription PCR, NF‐κB p65 expression by western blotting, levels of inflammatory cytokines, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and antidouble stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and the deposition of IgG and C3 by immunofluorescence. The kidney of SLE mice exhibited interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, interstitial fibrous proliferation, glomerular mesangial proliferation, and crescent formation, which was mitigated after PDTC administration. The levels of BUN, Cr, ANA, and anti‐dsDNA and the pro‐inflammatory factors in SLE mice were increased with obvious deposition of IgG and C3, but they were also reversed by PDTC. Furthermore, the NF‐κB p65 expression in the nucleus in the SLE mice was decreased with the up‐regulation of TUG1 expression and NF‐κB p65 expression in the cytoplasm after PDTC treatment. Correlation analysis revealed the negative correlation between the TUG1 expression and NF‐κB p65 in the nucleus in the kidney tissues. NF‐κB inhibition with PDTC protected against the kidney injury of pristine‐induced SLE mice possibly via up‐regulating lncRNA TUG1, and further clinical studies are needed to clarify whether NF‐κB inhibition may be a therapeutic modality for the kidney injury of SLE.