bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-Transplant Diarrhea is Associated with Increased Rejection in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Choudhry Aruj , Selby Alexandera , Chamarthy Padma , Friedman Emily , Goraya Navneet , Leopold Andrew , Smith Michael , Schey Ron , Mamary Albert James , Parkman Henry , Shenoy Kartik , Ehrlich Adam , Malik Zubair 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Diarrhea causes significant morbidity among solid organ transplant recipients. It is well described in liver and kidney transplant recipients, yet data among lung transplant (LTx) recipients is lacking. The primary aim of this study was to characterize diarrhea in LTx recipients. Methods: A retrospective review was performed for all patients undergoing LTx at our tertiary care hospital between 01/2011 and 02/2019. Patient demographics, type of LTx, and transplant indication were noted. Electronic medical records (EMR) were reviewed for the development of diarrhea (defined by clinical assessment and after obtaining diagnostic studies). Clostridiodes difficile infection (CDI) was determined by PCR testing. LTx rejection was determined by board-certified Pulmonologists as documented in the EMR. Results: A total of 564 patients (66.3% male, mean age 64.4 ± 8.8 years) underwent LTx during the 8-year study period, with 289 patients (51.2%) experiencing post-LTx diarrhea. The most commonly identified etiologies of diarrhea were medication-induced (33.6%) and CDI (15.6%). Among patients with medication-induced diarrhea, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was the most common offending agent (33.3%). Diarrhea and age were significantly associated with increased LTx rejection rates in multivariate analysis (Diarrhea OR=2.26, 95% CI=1.48-3.45; Age OR=0.98, 95% CI=0.95-1.0).Conclusions: Diarrhea is common in LTx recipients, with medication-induced diarrhea being the most common etiology. Diarrhea and younger age were associated with an increased risk of LTx rejection. Recognizing the causes of diarrhea in LTx recipients is important for early diagnosis and treatment, leading to greater quality of life and improved graft function.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Multi-Traits in Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)
Authors: Binagwa Papias Hongera , Bonsi Conrad , He Guohao , Traore Sy M , Chen Xiangyu , Bonsi Eunice , Subedi Binita , Jaynes Jesse 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Micronutrient deficiencies caused by lack of Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Vitamin A have negative effects on human health worldwide. Even though common bean meets Fe and Zn deficiencies based on recommended dietary allowances, the cooking time remains an important challenge. Understanding the genome organization, the loci and genes localization controlling multiple traits is crucial for developing enhanced micronutrient content and improved common bean with short cooking time. Results: In this study, GWAS method was used to determine SNPs associated with four traits studied, including water uptake, cooking time, Fe and Zn concentration level, using ~5,000 SNPs for a panel of 206 genotypes. By the analysis of population structure, 206 common bean genotypes were formed in three groups, the Mesoamerican gene pool, the Andean gene pool, and the admixture gene pool using the Bayesian method. With the significance levels between p = 2.94 x 10-08 to p = 8.33 x 10-03 and phenotypic variation of 8.26% to 18.19%, total of 10 SNPs was found to be significantly associated with traits on chromosomes Pv03, Pv04 and Pv10. Among of these SNPs, four SNPs were associated with water uptake, another four SNPs with the cooking time, one SNP with Zn concentration and one of less significant SNP associated with Fe concentration. Within the range or nearby the peak of significant SNP, putative loci encoding pectin degradation, cell structure and cellular exchange/transport were identified, suggesting these loci may play important roles in modulating expression of traits.Conclusion: The resultant data in this study contributed on deciphering the molecular mechanisms associated with water uptake, cooking time and micronutrient contents in common bean. The investigation of association between phenotypic and genotypic data has showed that GWAS approach is a powerful tool to dissect genetic architecture of complex traits and cooperate molecular breeding for advanced genotypes with enhanced micronutrients and short cooking time.
Short- and Long-Term Exposure to Higher Temperatures is Linked to Cognitive Impairment in Taiwanese Older Adults
Authors: Su Wei-Peng , Lo Yuan-Ting C. , Mei Shu-Hsuan , Chang Yu-Hung , Huang Han-Bin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Evidence on the associations between short-term and long-term air temperature exposure and cognitive function in older adults, particularly those in Asia, is limited. Therefore, we explored the relationships of short-term and long-term air temperature exposure with cognitive function in Taiwanese older adults through a repeated measures survey.Methods: We used data from between 1996 and 2007 from the ongoing Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (N = 1956), a multiple-wave nationwide survey. Participants’ cognitive function assessment was based on the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. We calculated the temperature moving average (TMA) for temperature exposure windows between 1993 and 2007 using data from air quality monitoring stations, depending on the administrative zone of each participant’s residence. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the effects of short-term and long-term temperature changes on cognitive function.Results: Short-term and long-term temperature exposure was significantly and positively associated with moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment, with the greatest increase in odds ratios (ORs) found for 3-year TMAs (OR = 1.247; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.107, 1.404). The higher the quintiles of temperature exposure were, the higher were the ORs. The strongest association found was in long-term TMA exposure (OR = 3.674; 95% CI: 2.103, 6.417) after covariates were controlled for.Conclusions: The risk of mild cognitive impairment increased with ambient temperature in community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan.
Cancer-Specific Survival Analysis in Patients with Gastric Cancer: Based on Competing Risk Model
Authors: Zhu Gaopei , Zhu Yuhang , Li Juan , Meng Weijing , Wang Xiaoxuan , Feng Jianing , Shi Fuyan , Tao Enxue , Wang Suzhen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCompeting risk events are prone to cause bias in the estimation of all-cause mortality. In order to eliminate the impact of competing events on survival analysis, we constructed a competing risk model. Besides, we attempted to build nomograms to predict gastric cancer-specific mortality (GCSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM).MethodsThe competing risk model was constructed to evaluate all-cause mortality, GCSM and OCM, by using the gastric cancer data from 2004 to 2013 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) dataset. Nomograms were used to predict the risk of individual dying from gastric cancer and other causes based on competing risk model.ResultsA total of 15299 cases were screened out. The 1-year, 5-year, and 8-year survival probabilities were 48.9 %, 22.1 %, and 16.4 % for all-cause mortality, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that sex, race, marital status, age at diagnosis, malignant, tumor diameter and TNM staging were all significant prognostic factors of gastric cancer. The GCSM and OCM models showed the risk of death treated by radiotherapy decreased from 0.689 to 0.494 after considering competing risk events. Furthermore, the nomograms showed good accuracy for GCSM prediction of the 1-,5-,8-year, the AUC values of the nomograms were 0.801 [95% CI, 0.793–0.808], 0.820 [95% CI, 0.810–0.829] and 0.823 [95% CI, 0.808–0.844]. The AUC values of the nomograms for predicting 1-, 5-, and 8-year OCM were 0.784 [95% CI, 0.778–0.792], 0.755 [95% CI, 0.748–0.765] and 0.747 [95% CI, 0.739–0.759].ConclusionsOverall, the prognosis of patients with Gastric cancer is poor. The competing risk model could accurately evaluate the probability of dying from gastric cancer and other causes. Nomograms showed relatively good performance and could be considered as convenient individualized predictive tools for predicting GCSM and OCM.
Intensive Care Unit Registered Nurses' Perceived Barriers Towards VAP Prevention in Southeast Iran: An Observational Study
Authors: Akafzadeh Tayebe , Arab Mansoor , Dehghan Mahlagha , Malakoutikhah Alireza , Forouzi Mansooreh Azizzadeh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Health Care-Associated Infections are the most common complications in hospitalized patients. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia is a subset of Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia. This study aimed to investigate the intensive care unit registered nurses' perceived barriers towards VAP prevention in southeast Iran.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study investigating ICU registered nurses in hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. The study population consisted of nurses in ICUs and EDs in three hospitals. The sample size was estimated as 242 nurses. The data was collected through a demographic characteristics questionnaire and a researcher-made ventilator-associated pneumonia barriers prevention questionnaire.Results: Nurses’ mean age was 32.9 ± 5.87. 80.2% of the participants were female. The job experience mean score was 9.51 ± 5.14 years. 45% of nurses had received VAP prevention training. The mean score of nurses' perceived barriers towards VAP prevention was 2.82 ± 0.46. The highest mean score of perceived barriers were related to items of "Lack of staff", "Lack of a team-based approach to care and interventions ", and "Lack of support from Management”.Conclusions: According to the present study, most of the barriers mentioned were related to organizational factors such as lack of teamwork. One of the major problems of most Kerman hospitals seems to be the shortage of staff. Further studies are needed in Kerman and other cities of Iran to obtain more accurate results.
Research on The Utilization Efficiency of New Energy Technologies in China
Authors: Liao Ming-yan , Wang Yan-lan , He Yan-zi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Energy is an important driving force of human social progress and national economic development and makes crucial the concept of energy utilization efficiency. This paper uses panel data of the DEA model to measure China's thirty provinces from 2010 to 2019 against the energy efficiency index, a new technology to describe the energy efficiency of new technology in Chinese provinces. The empirical study found that the efficiency of China's new energy technology contains obvious regional characteristics, and that the provinces’ domain energy new technology using comprehensive efficiency and technical efficiency is highly uneven. Compared with the average level, the comprehensive efficiency and technical efficiency of the new energy technologies in the eastern and western regions of China from 2010 to 2019 showed a significant downward trend.
Utilization of Pleth Index in Hysteroscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yao Lifeng , Huang Changshun , Zheng Jungang , Li Yong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: When performing hysteroscopic surgery under general anesthesia in non-intubated patients, anesthesiologists and gynecologists face challenges including patient movement and respiratory depression due to variability in the depth of patient anesthesia. Intraoperative modulation of the depth of anesthesia is dictated by clinical practice. In recent years, the noninvasive surgical pleth index (SPI) has been purported to objectively reflect the depth of anesthesia. In the present study, we investigated the performance of SPI monitoring in hysteroscopic surgery.Methods: Eighty patients scheduled for hysteroscopic surgery under general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask airway (i.e., spontaneous ventilation without a muscle relaxant) were randomly divided into two groups (both n = 40): (1) bispectral index (BIS)- and SPI-monitoring group (BS Group); and (2) BIS-monitoring group (B group). Intraoperative analgesia was provided via target-controlled infusion (TCI) of remifentanil, which was modulated according to the SPI value (target interval, 20–50) in the BS Group or via the anesthesiologist's assessment in the B Group. In both groups, anesthesia was administered to maintain the BIS values between 40–60. Additionally, the incidences and degree of movement, consumption of anesthetic drugs, recovery times, complications, and satisfactory levels were compared between the two groups.Results: The incidence and degree of bodily movement in the BS Group were significantly lower than those in the B Group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the remifentanil induction dose and recovery time in the BS group were significantly lower than those in the B group (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to adverse events including nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. Finally, gynecologists had higher satisfactory levels in the BS Group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: SPI- and BIS-guided general anesthesia is clinically feasible in hysteroscopic surgery and leads to both inhibition of intraoperative movement and faster recovery.
Physiological and Blood Response in Dairy Goat Kids Disbudding by Subcutaneous Injection of Eugenol and Cautery
Authors: Abbasi Mohammad Farajli , Molaei Mohammad Mahdi , Sharifi Hamid , oloumi mohammad mehdi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEugenol (EG) is an effective factor in disbudding by clove essential oil. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the hematological and clinical effects of disbudding using EG in goat kids. The aim of this study was to compered the stress level, blood biochemical parameters, and some vital organ enzymes in goat kids following disbudding by eugenol and cautery. The 25 Raieni (Cashmere) goat kids (5-day-old) were randomly assigned to five equal groups (n=5).ResultsThe cortisol serum level immediately after disbudding in group 2 was 7.94±0.7 µg/dL, vs. group 4, 6.34±0.55 (mean ± SE), immediately after disbudding respiratory rate in group 3 was 77±16.97 vs. group 1, 108±28.28, also pulse rate in group 3 was 239.4±28.26 vs. group 1, 284±38.36; and rectal temperature showed no significant difference (P<0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results disbudding by EG induced less stress and pain compared to disbudding by cautery in goat kids (P<0.05). Analysis of specific blood serum enzymes represented no side effect on vital organs in EG injection. Our data suggest that EG should be a suitable alternative to old and outdated or painful routine methods. Also, it is more economical than other methods.Name of the registry Iran National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical ResearchTrial Registration Number IR.UK.REC.1398.001Date of registration 01/02/2018URL of trial registry record https://ethics.research.ac.ir/ProposalViewEn.php?id=58428
Analyzing Inherent Biases in SARS-CoV-2 PCR and Serological Epidemiologic Metrics
Authors: Makhoul Monia , Abou-Hijleh Farah , Seedat Shaheen , Mumtaz Ghina R , Chemaitelly Hiam , Ayoub Houssein , Abu-Raddad Laith J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Prospective observational data show that infected persons with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive for a prolonged duration, and that detectable antibodies develop slowly with time. We aimed to analyze how these effects can bias key epidemiological metrics used to track and monitor SARS-CoV-2 epidemics.Methods: An age-structured mathematical model was constructed to simulate progression of SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in populations. PCR testing to diagnose infection and cross-sectional surveys to measure seroprevalence were also simulated. Analyses were conducted on simulated outcomes assuming a natural epidemic time course and an epidemic in presence of interventions. Results: The prolonged PCR positivity biased the epidemiological measures. There was a lag of 10 days between the true epidemic peak and the actually-observed peak. Prior to epidemic peak, PCR positivity rate was 2-fold higher than that based only on current active infection, and half of those tested positive by PCR were in the prolonged PCR positivity stage after infection clearance. Post epidemic peak, PCR positivity rate poorly predicted true trend in active infection. Meanwhile, the prolonged PCR positivity did not appreciably bias estimation of the basic reproduction number R0. The time delay in development of detectable antibodies biased measured seroprevalence. The actually-observed seroprevalence substantially underestimated true prevalence of ever infection, with the underestimation being most pronounced around epidemic peak.Conclusions: Caution is warranted in interpreting PCR and serological testing data, and any drawn inferences need to factor the effects of the investigated biases for an accurate assessment of epidemic dynamics.
Clinical Pathway Management Based on Bibliometric Analysis in China
Authors: Jin Ni , Zheng Ya , Zhu Li , Xu Minhui , Guo Jiayi , Chu Wenya , Zhou Hui , Zhou Jun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: To identify the current situation and further research direction of clinical pathway management in China. Methods: The published time, research institutions, key words of the literatures obtained from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang databases were analyzed by using Citespace software. Results: The clinical pathway research in China has been carried out for 20 years, with delivering about447.3 articles per year. The number of articles reached its peak in 2012, and then decreased year by year. The research field focuses on nursing clinical pathway, health education and clinical pathway teaching, and the research institutions are scattered and lack of inter-agency cooperation. Conclusions: At present, the clinical pathway research in China is insufficient incorporation with medical quality control and performance evaluation, the adjustment of medical service expenses, the reform of payment mode, and the information construction of medical institutions. Practice Implications: How to combine clinical pathway effectively with medical quality control, with DRGs performance evaluation, with medical insurance payment reform, with information construction and with hierarchical diagnosis and treatment is worthy further exploration.
The Association Between DNA&nbsp;Methylation of CASZ1&nbsp;Gene and Overweight/obesity in the Chinese Han Population
Authors: Qian Qiyu , Mo Xingbo , Duan Chengcheng , Wang Aili , Xu Tan , Zhang Huan , Zhang Yonghong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the potential association between castor zinc finger 1 (CASZ1) gene methylation and overweight/obesity, and investigate the interaction effects between CASZ1 methylation levels and some environmental factors on overweight/obesity.MethodsThis study included 1,029 individuals. The methylation levels of CpG sites at CASZ1 promoter were measured with bisulfite sequencing method. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between CASZ1 methylation and body mass index (BMI) and overweight/obesity, respectively; while additive scale and multiplicative scale were used to evaluate the interaction effects between methylation levels and environmental factors on overweight/obesity.ResultsThe levels of CASZ1 methylation at CpG51, 70, 72, 98, 157, 165 were associated with BMI after adjustments. There were differences between cases and controls in the levels of DNA methylation at CpG58, 72, 98, 116, 157, 163, 165. Methylations at CpG72, 98, 163, 165 were associated with overweight/obesity after adjustments. The association between methylation levels of CpG98 (Odds ratio=1.06, 95%Confidence interval: 1.02-1.10) and CpG165 (Odds ratio =1.15, 95% Confidence interval: 1.07-1.42) and overweight/obesity was significant after considering multiple testing (P < 0.003). Besides, we found significant additive interaction effects of drinking status and triglyceride level with CpG163 on BMI. ConclusionThe methylation levels of CpG sites in CASZ1 gene, as well as the interactions with some environmental factors, were associated with overweight/obesity in the Chinese Han population.
Anthropogenic sediment starvation forces tidal dominance in a mega-delta
Authors: Vasilopoulos Grigorios , Quan Quan , Parsons Daniel , Darby Stephen , Tri Van , Hung Nguyen , Haigh Ivan , Voepel Hal , Nicholas Andrew , Aalto Rolf 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The world’s major river deltas provide bountiful ecosystem services to hundreds of millions of people1,2, but there are widespread concerns that their ability to support these critical functions is being threatened by increases in salinity and the extent of tidal zones3, forced by sea-level rise4. Changes in the position of the fluvial-marine interface are governed not only by climate-driven sea-level rise, but by other factors including variations in river discharge and channel geometry5,6. However, the relative contributions of different driving factors to shifting tidal extent remains unconstrained. Here we use new field data and hydrodynamic modelling to quantify the influence of these different driving factors on accelerating tidal extension in the Mekong delta, both for the recent past and projected into the future under a range of policy, regulation and climate change scenarios. Our results indicate that, within the next two decades, tidal extension into the delta will increase by up to 56 km due to channel deepening, primarily driven by anthropogenic sediment starvation, which accounts for almost all (92%) of this incursion. Eustatically rising sea-levels are found to contribute only modestly. These findings will be transferable to other large sediment starved deltas that are facing similar challenges.