bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cohomological Donaldson–Thomas theory of a quiver with potential and quantum enveloping algebras
Authors: Davison Ben , Meinhardt Sven 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper concerns the cohomological aspects of Donaldson–Thomas theory for Jacobi algebras and the associated cohomological Hall algebra, introduced by Kontsevich and Soibelman. We prove the Hodge-theoretic categorification of the integrality conjecture and the wall crossing formula, and furthermore realise the isomorphism in both of these theorems as Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt isomorphisms for the associated cohomological Hall algebra. We do this by defining a perverse filtration on the cohomological Hall algebra, a result of the “hidden properness” of the semisimplification map from the moduli stack of semistable representations of the Jacobi algebra to the coarse moduli space of polystable representations. This enables us to construct a degeneration of the cohomological Hall algebra, for generic stability condition and fixed slope, to a free supercommutative algebra generated by a mixed Hodge structure categorifying the BPS invariants. As a corollary of this construction we furthermore obtain a Lie algebra structure on this mixed Hodge structure—the Lie algebra of BPS invariants—for which the entire cohomological Hall algebra can be seen as the positive part of a Yangian-type quantum group.
Kontaktlinsenassoziierte oberflächliche stromale Keratitis durch Paecilomyces lilacinus
Authors: Hübner L. , Tourtas T. , Weller J. 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungWir sahen 2 Kontaktlinsenträger mit Keratitiden durch Paecilomyces lilacinus. Die Besonderheit der Fälle liegt in der oberflächlichen Lage der Infiltrate im oberen Stroma ohne Infiltration in die Tiefe. Der Erregernachweis erfolgte durch eine Abrasio bzw. Hornhautscraping. Die mykotische Keratitis konnte in beiden Fällen durch eine intensive topische Therapie mit Voriconazol beherrscht werden. Bis auf eine EDTA-Touchierung und Amnionmembrantransplantation in 1 Fall waren keine weiteren chirurgischen Eingriffe erforderlich.
Processes shaping the spatial pattern and seasonality of the surface air temperature response to anthropogenic forcing
Authors: Tian Fangxing , Dong Buwen , Robson Jon , Sutton Rowan , Wilcox Laura 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the period 1960–2010, the land surface air temperature (SAT) warmed more rapidly over some regions relative to the global mean. Using a set of time-slice experiments, we highlight how different physical processes shape the regional pattern of SAT warming. The results indicate an essential role of anthropogenic forcing in regional SAT changes from the 1970s to 2000s, and show that both surface–atmosphere interactions and large-scale atmospheric circulation changes can shape regional responses to forcing. Single forcing experiments show that an increase in greenhouse gases can lead to regional changes in land surface warming in winter (DJF) due to snow-albedo feedbacks, and in summer (JJA) due to soil-moisture and cloud feedbacks. Changes in anthropogenic aerosol and precursor (AA) emissions induce large spatial variations in SAT, characterized by warming over western Europe, Eurasia, and Alaska. In western Europe, SAT warming is stronger in JJA than in DJF due to substantial increases in clear sky shortwave radiation over Europe, associated with decreases in local AA emissions since the 1980s. In Alaska, the amplified SAT warming in DJF is due to increased downward longwave radiation, which is related to increased water vapor and cloud cover. In this case, although the model was able to capture the regional pattern of SAT change, and the associated local processes, it did not simulate all processes and anomalies correctly. For the Alaskan warming, the model is seen to achieve the correct regional response in the context of a wider North Pacific anomaly that is not consistent with observations. This demonstrates the importance of model evaluation that goes beyond the target variable in detection and attribution studies.
Involvement of fear, incompleteness, and disgust during symptoms of pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Cervin Matti , Perrin Sean , Olsson Elin , Claesdotter-Knutsson Emma , Lindvall Magnus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFear has been assigned a central role in models of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but empirical investigations into the emotions that underpin OCD symptoms are few, especially in pediatric samples. Using validated, clinician-led structured interviews, 124 youth with OCD reported on the presence and severity of symptoms across the main symptom dimensions of OCD (aggressive, symmetry, contamination) and the degree to which fear, incompleteness, and disgust accompanied these symptoms. For comparison purposes, the degree of fear, incompleteness, and disgust during symptoms was obtained also from youth with social anxiety disorder (SAD; n = 27) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; n = 28). Participants with OCD reported that all three emotions were involved in their symptoms; however, fear was most strongly linked to aggressive symptoms, incompleteness to symmetry symptoms, and disgust to contamination symptoms. Incompleteness differentiated youth with OCD from those with SAD and GAD. No differences for these emotions were found for youth with OCD with versus without the tic-disorder subtype or comorbid autism. A positive association between incompleteness and self-reported hoarding emerged among youth with OCD. Further studies of the emotional architecture of pediatric OCD, and its relationship to etiology and treatment, are warranted.
Hazard-driven realization views for Component Fault Trees
Authors: Velasco Moncada David Santiago 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTraditionally, the preferred means of documentation used by safety engineers have been sheets- and text-based solutions. However, in the last decades, the introduction of model-driven engineering in conjunction with Component-Based Design has been influencing the way safety engineers perform their tasks; especially in the area of fault analysis, model-driven approaches have been developed aimed at coupling fault trees with architecture models. Doing this fosters communication between engineers, may reduce design effort, and makes artifacts easier to maintain and reuse. In this paper, we want to move forward in this direction and take another step in the modeling of Component Fault Trees in combination with the modeling of the architecture design. We propose a hazard-centric approach for the definition of multiple realization views for fault analysis using Component Fault Trees. The approach is composed of a modeling method and a tool solution. We illustrate our approach with a real-life example from the automotive industry.
Atypical Multisensory Integration and the Temporal Binding Window in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kawakami Sayaka , Uono Shota , Otsuka Sadao , Yoshimura Sayaka , Zhao Shuo , Toichi Motomi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study examined the relationship between multisensory integration and the temporal binding window (TBW) for multisensory processing in adults with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The ASD group was less likely than the typically developing group to perceive an illusory flash induced by multisensory integration during a sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI) task. Although both groups showed comparable TBWs during the multisensory temporal order judgment task, correlation analyses and Bayes factors provided moderate evidence that the reduced SIFI susceptibility was associated with the narrow TBW in the ASD group. These results suggest that the individuals with ASD exhibited atypical multisensory integration and that individual differences in the efficacy of this process might be affected by the temporal processing of multisensory information.
Quantifying the importance of different contagion channels as sources of systemic risk
Authors: Siebenbrunner Christoph 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA framework that allows computing contagion effects from both direct exposure contagion and overlapping portfolios is presented. The effects of the latter are broken down into loss correlation, effects from fire sales and mark-to-market accounting. The impact can be quantified for any single contagion channel as well as when multiple channels are jointly active. The model can be used to compute contagion losses that are consistent with a given macroeconomic scenario and thus provides a macroprudential extension for microprudential stress tests. Empirical results for a real-world banking system suggest that contagion effects stemming from direct exposures have the highest loss contribution.
The information theory of individuality
Authors: Krakauer David , Bertschinger Nils , Olbrich Eckehard , Flack Jessica C. , Ay Nihat 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite the near universal assumption of individuality in biology, there is little agreement about what individuals are and few rigorous quantitative methods for their identification. Here, we propose that individuals are aggregates that preserve a measure of temporal integrity, i.e., “propagate” information from their past into their futures. We formalize this idea using information theory and graphical models. This mathematical formulation yields three principled and distinct forms of individuality—an organismal, a colonial, and a driven form—each of which varies in the degree of environmental dependence and inherited information. This approach can be thought of as a Gestalt approach to evolution where selection makes figure-ground (agent–environment) distinctions using suitable information-theoretic lenses. A benefit of the approach is that it expands the scope of allowable individuals to include adaptive aggregations in systems that are multi-scale, highly distributed, and do not necessarily have physical boundaries such as cell walls or clonal somatic tissue. Such individuals might be visible to selection but hard to detect by observers without suitable measurement principles. The information theory of individuality allows for the identification of individuals at all levels of organization from molecular to cultural and provides a basis for testing assumptions about the natural scales of a system and argues for the importance of uncertainty reduction through coarse-graining in adaptive systems.
Virtual Operating Room Simulation Setup (VORSS) for Procedural Training in Minimally Invasive Surgery – a Pilot Study
Authors: Ganni Sandeep , Li Meng , Botden Sanne M. B. I. , Nayak Samir Ranjan , Ganni Bhaskar Rao , Rutkowski Anne-Francoise , Goossens Richard H. M. , Jakimowicz Jack 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) training is widely used in several minimal invasive surgery (MIS) training curricula for procedural training. However, VR training in its current state lack immersive training environments, such as using head-mounted displays that is implemented in military or aviation training and even entertainment. The virtual operating room simulation setup (VORSS) is explored in this study to determine the effectiveness of immersive training in MIS. Twenty-eight surgeons and surgical trainees performed a laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the VORSS comprising of a head-mounted 360-degree realistic OR surrounding on a VR laparoscopic simulator. The VORSS replicated a full setup of instruments and surgical team-members as well as some of the distractions occurring during surgical procedures. Questionnaires were followed by semi-structured interviews to collect the data. Experts and novices found the VORSS to be intuitive and easy to use (p = 0.001). The outcome of the usability test, applying QUESI and NASA-TLX, reflected the usability of the VORSS (p < 0.05), at the cognitive level, which indicates a good sense of immersion and satisfaction, when performing the procedure within VORSS. The need for personalized experience within the setup was strongly noted from most of the participants. The VORSS for procedural training has the potential to become a useful tool to provide immersive training in MIS surgery. Further optimizing of the VORSS realism and introduction of distractors in the OR should result in an improvement of the system.
Variation in forest landowners’ management preferences reduces timber supply from Finnish forests
Authors: Heinonen Tero , Pukkala Timo , Asikainen Antti 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Key message

Forest owners who maximize profitability with a low discount rate or whose management goals are related to conservation and recreation, rarely sell timber. These owners make it difficult to achieve the high harvesting targets of the growing bioeconomy sector of Finland. To increase timber supply, these landowners should be informed about alternative silvicultural methods.

Context
The round wood harvests from Finnish forests are increasing and approaching to the level of maximum sustainable cut. Cutting budget calculations assume that forests are harvested in an optimal way for national timber supply. The calculations ignore the variability of landowners’ forest management preferences.

Aims
This study analyzed the effect of variation in the management objectives and silvicultural preferences of forest landowners on the forecasted timber supply from Finnish forests.

Methods
Forest owners were divided into savers (net present value maximized with a 1% discount rate), average owners (3% discount rate), and investors (5% discount rate). The owners of each group were further divided into three groups: those who allow only continuous cover management (12%), owners who use only rotation forest management (10%), and indifferent landowners who may use both silvicultural systems (78%). Scenarios were composed of management prescriptions that were optimized separately for the different groups of forest landowners.

Results
Compared to the even-flow timber drain scenario for rotation forest management (calculated without acknowledging the varying preferences of landowners), the scenario where the owners’ preferences varied decreased harvested volume by 15–19% during a 100-year calculation period. The main reason for the difference was the saver type of landowners who rarely sell timber.

Conclusion
It was concluded that variation of the preferences of forest landowners may make it challenging to meet the increasing harvesting targets of the growing bioeconomy of Finland.
Human migration: the big data perspective
Authors: Sîrbu Alina , Andrienko Gennady , Andrienko Natalia , Boldrini Chiara , Conti Marco , Giannotti Fosca , Guidotti Riccardo , Bertoli Simone , Kim Jisu , Muntean Cristina Ioana , Pappalardo Luca , Passarella Andrea , Pedreschi Dino , Pollacci Laura , Pratesi Francesca , Sharma Rajesh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHow can big data help to understand the migration phenomenon? In this paper, we try to answer this question through an analysis of various phases of migration, comparing traditional and novel data sources and models at each phase. We concentrate on three phases of migration, at each phase describing the state of the art and recent developments and ideas. The first phase includesthe journey, and we study migration flows and stocks, providing examples where big data can have an impact. The second phase discussesthe stay, i.e. migrant integration in the destination country. We explore various data sets and models that can be used to quantify and understand migrant integration, with the final aim of providing the basis for the construction of a novel multi-level integration index. The last phase is related to the effects of migration on the source countries andthe returnof migrants.
Brentuximab Vedotin for Treating Relapsed or Refractory CD30-Positive Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: An Evidence Review Group Perspective of a NICE Single Technology Appraisal
Authors: Stainthorpe Angela , Fleeman Nigel , Houten Rachel , Chaplin Marty , Boland Angela , Beale Sophie , Dundar Yenal , McEntee Joanne , Syndikus Isabel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs part of the single technology appraisal process, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence invited Takeda UK Ltd to submit clinical- and cost-effectiveness evidence for brentuximab vedotin (BV) for treating relapsed or refractory CD30-positive (CD30+) cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group at the University of Liverpool was commissioned to act as the evidence review group (ERG). This article summarises the ERG’s review of the company’s submission for BV and the appraisal committee (AC) decision. The principal clinical evidence was derived from a subgroup of patients with advanced-stage CD30+ mycosis fungoides (MF) or primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (pcALCL) in the phase III ALCANZA randomised controlled trial (RCT). This trial compared BV versus physician’s choice (PC) of methotrexate or bexarotene. Evidence from three observational studies was also presented, which included patients with other CTCL subtypes. The ERG’s main concerns with the clinical evidence were the lack of RCT evidence for CTCL subtypes other than MF or pcALCL, lack of robust overall survival data (data were immature and confounded by subsequent treatment and treatment crossover on disease progression) and lack of conclusive results from analyses of health-related quality-of-life data. The ERG noted that many areas of uncertainty in the cost-effectiveness analysis were related to the clinical data, arising from the rarity of the condition and its subtypes and the complexity of the treatment pathway. The ERG highlighted that the inclusion of allogeneic stem-cell transplant (alloSCT) as an option in the treatment pathway was based on weak evidence and generated more uncertainty in a disease area that, because of its rarity and diversity, was already highly uncertain. The ERG also lacked confidence in the company’s modelling of the post-progression pathway and was concerned that it may not produce reliable results. Results from the company’s base-case comparison (including a simple discount patient access scheme [PAS] for BV) showed that treatment with BV dominated PC. The ERG’s revisions and scenario analyses highlighted the high level of uncertainty around the company base-case cost-effectiveness results, ranging from BV dominating PC to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per quality-adjusted life-year gained of £494,981. The AC concluded that it was appropriate to include alloSCT in the treatment pathway even though data were limited. The AC recommended BV as an option for treating CD30+ CTCL after at least one systemic therapy in adults if they have MF, stage IIB or higher pcALCL or Sézary syndrome and if the company provides BV according to the commercial arrangement (i.e. simple discount PAS).
How I met the normalized p-Laplacian $$\varDelta _p^N$$ and what we know now about mean values and concavity properties
Authors: Kawohl Bernd 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this article I describe how I discovered the normalized p-Laplacian $$\varDelta _p^Nu=\frac{1}{p}|\nabla u|^{2-p}\varDelta _p u$$

Δ
p
N

u
=

1
p

|
∇
u
|

2
-
p

Δ
p

u

as an interesting mathematical object in the context of mathematical image processing. Then I provide a survey of results which this operator has in common with the linear Laplacian.
Impact of RB1 gene mutation type in retinoblastoma patients on clinical presentation and management outcome
Authors: Mehyar Mustafa , Mosallam Mohammad , Tbakhi Abdelghani , Saab Ala , Sultan Iyad , Deebajah Rasha , Jaradat Imad , AlJabari Reem , Mohammad Mona , AlNawaiseh Ibrahim , Al-Hussaini Maysa , Yousef Yacoub A. 
Published: March 2020

Objective/background:
Retinoblastoma (RB), the most common intraocular malignancy in children, is caused by biallelic inactivation of the human retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1). We are evaluating the impact of the type of RB1 gene mutation on clinical presentation and management outcome.

Methods:
A retrospective case series of 50 patients with RB. Main outcomes were clinical and pathologic features and types of RB1 gene mutations detected using quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allele-specific PCR, next-generation sequencing analysis, and Sanger sequencing.

Results:
Twenty (40%) patients had unilateral RB and 30 (60%) had bilateral RB. Overall, 36 (72%) patients had germline disease, 17 (47%) of whom inherited the disease. Of these 17 inherited cases, paternal origin of the RB1 mutation was seen in 15 (88%). The overall eye salvage rate was 74% (n = 49/66; 100% for Groups A + B + C, and 79% for Group D eyes). The most frequent type of mutation was a nonsense mutation generating a stop codon (15/36, 42%). Other mutations that result in a premature stop codon due to deletions or insertions with donor splice site or receptor splice site mutations were detected in 7/36 (19%), 10/36 (28%), and 2/26 (6%) patients, respectively. The remaining two (6%) patients had frameshift mutation. Patients with deletion, acceptor splice site, and frameshift mutations presented with more advanced ICRB (International Classification of Retinoblastoma) stage (75% diagnosed with Group D or E), even though there was no significant difference in eye salvage rate or tumor invasiveness between patients with different types of mutations.

Conclusion:
Despite the heterogeneous nature of RB1 gene mutations, tumor stage remains the most important predictive factor for clinical presentation and outcome. Furthermore, acceptor splice site and frameshift mutations are associated with more advanced tumor stage at diagnosis.
Conversion, Causes, and Closed-Mindedness
Authors: DIPAOLO JOSHUA 
Published: March 2020

Abstract‘You just believe that because you were raised to believe it!’ is a familiar criticism. Many converts, however, believe the opposite of what they were raised to believe. Does this make them immune to these challenges? I scrutinize this ‘conversion defense’. If these challenges only concern belief genealogy, a certain kind of convert is immune to them. However, these challenges often concern closed-mindedness rather than genealogy. Seen in this light, the convert who is immune to the genealogical critique may bemoresusceptible to these challenges due to her conversion. Her conversion may make her more likely to engage in ‘epistemic self-licensing’ akin to the empirically documented phenomenon of ‘moral self-licensing’.
Teaching South African History in the Digital Age: Collaboration, Pedagogy, and Popularizing History
Authors: Kelly Jill E. , Badsha Omar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe digitization of African materials has made it easier than ever for students to engage with primary source documentation and undertake original research. Digitizing sources and using digital sources to teach African history has great pedagogical value, but must be done ethically. This article suggests a model for collaborative and publicly-engaged scholarship, demonstrating the potential of transnational projects and shared knowledge production while maintaining sensitivity towards questions of the hegemony of the North. The study draws on experience of a virtual internship project between North American-based university students and the South African non-profit South African History Online (SAHO).
Thinking about World Peace
Authors: Bellamy Alex J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor as long as humans have fought wars, we have been beguiled and frustrated by the prospect of world peace. Only a very few of us today believe that world peace is possible. Indeed, the very mention of the term “world peace” raises incredulity. In contrast, as part of the roundtable “World Peace (And How We Can Achieve It),” this essay makes the case for taking world peace more seriously. It argues that world peace is possible, though neither inevitable nor irreversible. World peace, I argue, is something that every generation must strive for, because the ideas, social structures, and practices that make war possible are likely to remain with us. The essay proceeds in three parts. First, I briefly set out what I mean by peace and world peace. Second, I explain why I think that world peace is possible. Third, I examine how the world might be nudged in a more peaceful direction.