bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of co-precipitation method on microwave dielectric properties of 0.7CaTiO3-0.3SmAlO3ceramics
Authors: Hu Huajian , Huang Chun-E , Nan Jing , Wang He , Shen Chunying 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe effects of co-precipitation method on densification, microstructure, phase composition and dielectric properties of 0.7CaTiO3–0.3SmAlO3ceramics (CTSA) have been studied. Compared with the traditional solid-phase method, the co-precipitation method effectively reduced the calcining temperature of CaTiO3powders and SmAlO3powders from 1250 to 900 °C and reduced the sintering temperature of CTSA ceramics from 1470 to 1380 °C. The sintering and dielectric properties were improved. In particular, theQ × fvalue was found to increase from 47 056 to 51 507 GHz and theτfreduced from +8.2 to +6.3 ppm °C. The CTSA ceramics, which were prepared by co-precipitation method sintered at 1380 °C for 3 h, possessed good and reasonable microwave dielectric properties:εr= 44.85,Q × f = 51 507 GHz (f = 6.45 GHz),τf = +6.3 ppm °C.
Fabrication of NiFe2O4@CoFe2O4 core-shell nanofibers for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Qing , Gao Haoran , Qin Xuefeng , Dai Jianfeng , Li Weixue 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
NiFe2O4@CoFe2O4 core–shell nanofibers were prepared by the co-electrospinning method. The prepared core–shell NiFe2O4@CoFe2O4 nanofibers electrode has the specific capacitance of 480 Fg−1 at a current density of 1Ag−1. After being cycled 2000 times at a current density of 5Ag−1, the capacity of NiFe2O4@CoFe2O4 core–shell nanofibers remained 87%. The electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor is improved by the synergistic action of the multi-metal and indicates that core/shell NiFe2O4@CoFe2O4 nanofibers are promising materials.
The effect of synthesis temperature on the properties of TiO2 (B) nanorods and its precursors as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ncube Ntombizodwa M , Zheng Haitao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this work, we carried out a detailed research on the effect of synthesis temperature on the properties of TiO2 (B) nanorods and its hydrogen titanate precursors. At the initial stage, hydrogen titanates (HTOs) were synthesised at different temperatures (140 °C–180 °C). The HTO materials were then annealed at 400 °C for 2 h in the second-stage to produce TiO2 (B) nanorods. It is interesting to note that the pure anatase phase of TiO2 nanorods (TO140) was achieved from the HTO material (HTO140) prepared at 140 °C, while the TiO2 (B) nanorods were only formed from those synthesised at 160 °C (HTO160) and 180 °C (HTO180). In the evaluation of these materials as anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), HTO140 showed better rate performance at higher current rates (500–1000 mAg−1). However, HTO160 and HTO180 displayed lower initial discharge capacities than that of their precursor (the commercial TO) at 200 mAg−1. Addtionally, HTO160 exhibited the best stability with 71.5% retention after 100 cycles at 200 mAg−1. Moreover, the annealed product of TO140 from HTO140 demonstrated the highest initial discharge capacity with a value of 164.3 mAhg−1 at a current of 200 mAg−1, which is corresponding to its low charge transfer resistance. However, TO160 showed a superior stability with 92.3% retained capacity after 100 cycles at 200 mAg−1. Overall, 160 °C is the optimum temperature to synthesize TiO2 (B) nanorods, regarding to its good cycling stability and mild capacity as anode materials. The investigation showed that the synthesis temperature is a determining factor to producing either TiO2 (B) or anatase TiO2 nanorods, has an influence on the properties of the precursor as well as the TiO2 (B) as anode materials for LIBs.
Combination non-pharmacologic intervention for orthostatic hypotension in older people: a phase 2 study
Authors: Frith James , Newton Julia L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
orthostatic hypotension (OH) is highly prevalent in older populations and is associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Although non-pharmacologic therapies are recommended first-line, evidence for their use is lacking.

Objective
determine the efficacy of combination non-pharmacologic therapy for OH in older people.

Methods
a total of 111 orthostatic BP responses were evaluated in this prospective phase 2 efficacy study in 37 older people (≥60 years) with OH. Primary outcome was the proportion of participants whose systolic BP drop improved by ≥10 mmHg. Secondary outcomes include standing BP and symptoms. Comparison is made to the response rate of the most efficacious single therapy (bolus water drinking 56%). Therapeutic combinations were composed of interventions with known efficacy and tolerability: Therapy A- Bolus water drinking + physical counter-manoeuvres (PCM); Therapy B- Bolus water drinking + PCM + abdominal compression.

Results
the response rate to therapy A was 38% (95% confidence interval – CI 24, 63), with standing systolic BP increasing by 13 mmHg (95% CI 4, 22). Therapy B was efficacious in 46% (95% CI 31, 62), increasing standing systolic BP by 20 mmHg (95% CI 12, 29). Neither therapy had a significant effect on symptoms. There were no adverse events.

Conclusions
in comparison to single therapy, there is little additional benefit to be gained from combination non-pharmacologic therapy. Focussing on single, efficacious therapies, such as bolus water drinking or PCM, should become standard first-line therapy.
Invited Commentary: Adult Child Migration and Parental Cognitive Decline—A New Perspective on Loneliness and Social Isolation
Authors: Holwerda Tjalling J , Hoogendijk Emiel O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
There is a growing body of research on the link between social isolation, loneliness, and health outcomes in later life, including cognitive decline and dementia. In the current issue of the Journal, Torres et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2020;189(8):761–769) present findings from a study of the association between adult child migration status and cognitive performance among parents who stayed behind in Mexico, using longitudinal data (2001–2015) from the Mexican Health and Aging Study. This is an excellent example of the role that emotional and social factors may play in the development of cognitive impairment among older adults. In their study, having an adult child in the United States was associated with a steeper decline in verbal memory scores over time, but only among women. In the light of the increasing levels of immigration worldwide, this work is highly relevant, as it touches upon a less recognized socioemotional risk factor for cognitive decline: family-member migration status. Further research on this topic should be conducted in other countries and should include assessment of the social and emotional needs of those staying behind when a family member migrates. This will increase our understanding of how social isolation and loneliness relate to cognitive decline and may contribute to new directions for interventions.
Occupational Exposure and Carriage of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (tetW, ermB) in Pig Slaughterhouse Workers
Authors: Van Gompel Liese , Dohmen Wietske , Luiken Roosmarijn E C , Bouwknegt Martijn , Heres Lourens , van Heijnsbergen Eri , Jongerius-Gortemaker Betty G M , Scherpenisse Peter , Greve Gerdit D , Tersteeg-Zijderveld Monique H G , Wadepohl Katharina , Ribeiro Duarte Ana Sofia , Muñoz-Gómez Violeta , Fischer Jennie , Skarżyńska Magdalena , Wasyl Dariusz , Wagenaar Jaap A , Urlings Bert A P , Dorado-García Alejandro , Wouters Inge M , Heederik Dick J J , Schmitt Heike , Smit Lidwien A M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Slaughterhouse staff is occupationally exposed to antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Studies reported high antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) abundances in slaughter pigs. This cross-sectional study investigated occupational exposure to tetracycline (tetW) and macrolide (ermB) resistance genes and assessed determinants for faecal tetW and ermB carriage among pig slaughterhouse workers.

Methods
During 2015–2016, 483 faecal samples and personal questionnaires were collected from workers in a Dutch pig abattoir, together with 60 pig faecal samples. Human dermal and respiratory exposure was assessed by examining 198 carcass, 326 gloves, and 33 air samples along the line, next to 198 packed pork chops to indicate potential consumer exposure. Samples were analyzed by qPCR (tetW, ermB). A job exposure matrix was created by calculating the percentage of tetW and ermB positive carcasses or gloves for each job position. Multiple linear regression models were used to link exposure to tetW and ermB carriage.

Results
Workers are exposed to tetracycline and macrolide resistance genes along the slaughter line. Tetw and ermB gradients were found for carcasses, gloves, and air filters. One packed pork chop contained tetW, ermB was non-detectable. Human faecal tetW and ermB concentrations were lower than in pig faeces. Associations were found between occupational tetW exposure and human faecal tetW carriage, yet, not after model adjustments. Sampling round, nationality, and smoking were determinants for ARG carriage.

Conclusion
We demonstrated clear environmental tetracycline and macrolide resistance gene exposure gradients along the slaughter line. No robust link was found between ARG exposure and human faecal ARG carriage.
The Penetrative Offence in Section 4 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003: Offenders, Victims, and Outcomes After Detection
Authors: Weare Siobhan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Extensive research exists in relation to the Sexual Offences Act 2003, in particular, rape and assault by penetration, the two most serious offences involving non-consensual sexual penetration of the victim. However, the other penetrative offence, causing a person to engage in (penetrative) sexual activity without consent, found in section 4 of the Act, has, to date, been excluded from national statistics and research. This article analyses novel data relating to the section 4 penetrative offence, collected using freedom of information requests from 37 police forces in England and Wales over a 13-year period. The data explore victim and offender demographics and outcomes after detection. The findings challenge understandings around who the victims and perpetrators of penetrative sexual offences are.
Upper-plate structure in Ecuador coincident with the subduction of the Carnegie Ridge and the southern extent of large mega-thrust earthquakes
Authors: Lynner Colton , Koch Clinton , Beck Susan L , Meltzer Anne , Soto-Cordero Lillian , Hoskins Mariah C , Stachnik Josh C , Ruiz Mario , Alvarado Alexandra , Charvis Philippe , Font Yvonne , Regnier Marc , Agurto-Detzel Hans , Rietbrock Andreas , Porritt Robert W 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYThe Ecuadorian convergent margin has experienced many large mega-thrust earthquakes in the past century, beginning with a 1906 event that propagated along as much as 500 km of the plate interface. Many subsections of the 1906 rupture area have subsequently produced Mw ≥ 7.7 events, culminating in the 16 April 2016, Mw 7.8 Pedernales earthquake. Interestingly, no large historic events Mw ≥ 7.7 appear to have propagated southward of ∼1°S, which coincides with the subduction of the Carnegie Ridge. We combine data from temporary seismic stations deployed following the Pedernales earthquake with data recorded by the permanent stations of the Ecuadorian national seismic network to discern the velocity structure of the Ecuadorian forearc and Cordillera using ambient noise tomography. Ambient noise tomography extracts Vsv information from the ambient noise wavefield and provides detailed constraints on velocity structures in the crust and upper mantle. In the upper 10 km of the Ecuadorian forearc, we see evidence of the deepest portions of the sedimentary basins in the region, the Progreso and Manabí basins. At depths below 30 km, we observe a sharp delineation between accreted fast forearc terranes and the thick crust of the Ecuadorian Andes. At depths ∼20 km, we see a strong fast velocity anomaly that coincides with the subducting Carnegie Ridge as well as the southern boundary of large mega-thrust earthquakes. Our observations raise the possibility that upper-plate structure, in addition to the subducting Carnegie Ridge, plays a role in the large event segmentation seen along the Ecuadorian margin.
Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Callichurn Kashi , Cvetkovic Lena , Therrien Amélie , Vincent Catherine , Hétu Pierre-Olivier , Bouin Mickael 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) frequently coexists with other autoimmune diseases, including celiac disease (CeD). Although the prevalence of CeD is high among cohorts with PBC, few studies have directly compared this prevalence to those among individuals with other liver diseases (OLD).

Aim
To compare the prevalence of CeD between a cohort with PBC and a cohort with OLD.

Methods
Retrospective study from January 2013 to December 2016. All consecutive patients with an anti-transglutaminase (tTG) assay requested by a hepatologist and a diagnosis of chronic liver disease were included. CeD diagnosis was confirmed by duodenal biopsies.

Results
We included 399 consecutive patients (53.1 years SD 14.0, 54.1% women), notably 51 individuals with PBC and 348 individuals with OLD. PBC group included significantly more women (90.2% versus 48.9% P &lt; 0.0001). The prevalence of CeD was higher in the group with PBC compared to the group with OLD (11.8 versus 2.9%, P &lt; 0.003). In the OLD group, the prevalence of CeD was comparable regardless of the etiologic subgroup (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 2.7% versus alcoholic liver disease 4.3%, versus viral 1.5% versus other autoimmune liver diseases 3.3%, NS). The presence of gastrointestinal symptoms at the time of the tTG assay was comparable between PBC and OLD groups (31.4 versus 29.6%, NS).

Conclusion
There is a higher prevalence of CeD in the PBC group compared to other liver diseases.
On the Sāṃkhyakārikā and its Commentarial Tradition: the Suvarṇasaptati, Sāṃkhyavṛtti, and Gauḍapādabhāṣya
Authors: Verdon Noémie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Five of the extant commentaries on the Sāṃkhyakārikā bear strong resemblances to each other. These are the Suvarṇasaptati, Sāṃkhyavṛtti, Gauḍapādabhāṣya, Sāṃkhyasaptativṛtti, and Māṭharavṛtti. Therefore, they are generally considered to share a common origin. These commentaries on the Sāṃkhyakārikā, however, also significantly diverge from each other. This article explores the peculiar connections among the Suvarṇasaptati, Sāṃkhyavṛtti, and Gauḍapādabhāṣya. By focusing on passages that feature metaphors, this article discusses how and why the authors of the Suvarṇasaptati, Sāṃkhyavṛtti, and Gauḍapādabhāṣya may have appropriated portions of their texts or to the contrary dissociated from each other.
Desmoid tumor presenting 2 years after elective Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sierra-Davidson Kailan , Anderson Geoffrey , Tanabe Kenneth , Meireles Ozanan R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Desmoid tumors are rare malignancies derived from myofibroblasts, which can cause significant morbidity due to life-threatening invasion of local structures. Risk factors include familial adenomatous polyposis, antecedent surgical trauma and estrogen exposure. We described a previously healthy 27-year-old female in whom a desmoid tumor developed 2 years after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was performed for the treatment of obesity. Computed tomography scan demonstrated a 16-cm complex density intra-abdominal mass. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, revealing a mass firmly adherent to the Roux limb, as well as the jejunojejunostomy and distal portion of the bilopancreatic limb. En bloc resection of the mass and the Roux limb was required, as well as reconstruction of the Roux-en-Y anatomy. This case describes a unique, long-term complication of bariatric surgery, in light of a growing population of patients with altered gastric anatomy.
Jesus at Fifty: Irenaeus on John 8:57 and the Age of Jesus
Authors: White Devin L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Irenaeus’s reading of John 8:57, especially his conclusion that Jesus was approximately 50 at the time of his crucifixion, is well known. While secondary scholarship typically explains Irenaeus’s exegesis of this text with reference to his possible sources or his doctrine of recapitulation, this study looks to his broader religious context. A similar argument from Mekhilta de-Rabbi Ishmael suggests that Jesus’ age is relevant to ancient discussions of religious conversion. Just as Abraham’s circumcision at 99 made room for all proselytes under that age, so too the Irenaean Jesus has passed through every stage of life, enabling persons of any age to join Irenaeus’s church.
Deep residual detection of radio frequency interference for FAST
Authors: Yang Zhicheng , Yu Ce , Xiao Jian , Zhang Bo 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Radio frequency interference (RFI) detection and excision are key steps in the data-processing pipeline of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). Because of its high sensitivity and large data rate, FAST requires more accurate and efficient RFI flagging methods than its counterparts. In the last decades, approaches based upon artificial intelligence (AI), such as codes using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have been proposed to identify RFI more reliably and efficiently. However, RFI flagging of FAST data with such methods has often proved to be erroneous, with further manual inspections required. In addition, network construction as well as preparation of training data sets for effective RFI flagging has imposed significant additional workloads. Therefore, rapid deployment and adjustment of AI approaches for different observations is impractical to implement with existing algorithms. To overcome such problems, we propose a model called RFI-Net. With the input of raw data without any processing, RFI-Net can detect RFI automatically, producing corresponding masks without any alteration of the original data. Experiments with RFI-Net using simulated astronomical data show that our model has outperformed existing methods in terms of both precision and recall. Besides, compared with other models, our method can obtain the same relative accuracy with fewer training data, thus reducing the effort and time required to prepare the training data set. Further, the training process of RFI-Net can be accelerated, with overfittings being minimized, compared with other CNN codes. The performance of RFI-Net has also been evaluated with observing data obtained by FAST and the Bleien Observatory. Our results demonstrate the ability of RFI-Net to accurately identify RFI with fine-grained, high-precision masks that required no further modification.
The impact of star formation sampling effects on the spectra of lensed z &gt; 6 galaxies detectable with JWST
Authors: Vikaeus Anton , Zackrisson Erik , Binggeli Christian 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will allow observations of high-redshift galaxies at fainter detection levels than ever before, and JWST surveys targeting gravitationally lensed fields are expected to bring z ≳ 6 objects with very low star formation rate (SFR) within reach of spectroscopic studies. As galaxies at lower and lower star formation activity are brought into view, many of the standard methods used in the analysis of integrated galaxy spectra are at some point bound to break down, due to violation of the assumptions of a well-sampled stellar initial mass function (IMF) and a slowly varying SFR. We argue that galaxies with SFR ∼ 0.1 M⊙ yr−1 are likely to turn up at the spectroscopic detection limit of JWST in lensed fields, and investigate to what extent star formation sampling may affect the spectral analysis of such objects. We use the slug spectral synthesis code to demonstrate that such effects are likely to have significant impacts on spectral diagnostics of, for example, the Balmer emission lines. These effects are found to stem primarily from SFRs varying rapidly on short (∼Myr) time-scales due to star formation in finite units (star clusters), whereas the effects of an undersampled IMF is deemed insignificant in comparison. In contrast, the ratio between the He ii- and H i-ionizing flux is found to be sensitive to IMF-sampling as well as ICMF-sampling (sampling of the initial cluster mass function), which may affect interpretations of galaxies containing Population III stars or other sources of hard ionizing radiation.
The evolution of dust in discs influenced by external photoevaporation
Authors: Sellek Andrew D , Booth Richard A , Clarke Cathie J 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Protoplanetary discs form and evolve in a wide variety of stellar environments and are accordingly exposed to a wide range of ambient far-ultraviolet (FUV) field strengths. Strong FUV fields are known to drive vigorous gaseous flows from the outer disc. In this paper we conduct the first systematic exploration of the evolution of the solid component of discs subject to external photoevaporation. We find that the main effect of photoevaporation is to reduce the reservoir of dust at large radii and this leads to more efficient subsequent depletion of the disc dust due to radial drift. Efficient radial drift means that photoevaporation causes no significant increase of the dust-to-gas ratio in the disc. We show that the disc lifetime in both dust and gas is strongly dependent on the level of the FUV background and that the relationship between these two lifetimes just depends on the Shakura–Sunyaev α parameter, with the similar lifetimes observed for gas and dust in discs pointing to higher α values (∼10−2). On the other hand, the distribution of observed discs in the plane of disc size versus flux at 850 μm is better reproduced by lower α (∼10−3). We find that photoevaporation does not assist rocky planet formation but need not inhibit mechanisms (such as pebble accretion at the water snow line) which can be effective sufficiently early in the disc’s lifetime (i.e. well within a Myr).
Type II migration strikes back – an old paradigm for planet migration in discs
Authors: Scardoni Chiara E , Rosotti Giovanni P , Lodato Giuseppe , Clarke Cathie J 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we analyse giant gap-opening planet migration in proto-planetary discs, focusing on the type II migration regime. According to standard type II theory, planets migrate at the same rate as the gas in the disc, as they are coupled to the disc viscous evolution; however, recent studies questioned this paradigm, suggesting that planets migrate faster than the disc material. We study the problem through 2D long-time simulations of systems consistent with type II regime, using the hydrodynamical grid code fargo3d. Even though our simulations confirm the presence of an initial phase characterized by fast migration, they also reveal that the migration velocity slows down and eventually reaches the theoretical prediction if we allow the system to evolve for enough time. We find the same tendency to evolve towards the theoretical predictions at later times when we analyse the mass flow through the gap and the torques acting on the planet. This transient is related to the initial conditions of our (and previous) simulations, and is due to the fact that the shape of the gap has to adjust to a new profile, once the planet is set into motion. Secondly, we test whether the type II theory expectation that giant planet migration is driven by viscosity is consistent with our simulation by comparing simulations with the same viscosity and different disc masses (or vice versa). We find a good agreement with the theory, since when the discs are characterized by the same viscosity, the migration properties are the same.