bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular RNA circANKRD36 regulates Casz1 by targeting miR‐599 to prevent osteoarthritis chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammation
Authors: Zhou Jian‐Lin , Deng Shuang , Fang Hong‐Song , Du Xian‐jin , Peng Hao , Hu Qiong‐jie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is an ageing‐related disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation and joint inflammation. circRNA has been known to involve in the regulation of multiple inflammatory diseases including OA. However, the mechanism underlying how circRNA regulates OA remains to be elucidated. Here, we report circANKRD36 prevents OA chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammation by targeting miR‐599, which specifically degrades Casz1. We performed circRNA sequencing in normal and OA tissues and found the expression of circANKRD36 is decreased in OA tissues. circANKRD36 is also reduced in IL‐1β–treated human chondrocytes. FACS analysis and Western blot showed that the knockdown of circANKRD36 promotes the apoptosis and inflammation of chondrocytes in IL‐1β stress. We then found miR‐599 to be the target of circANKRD36 and correlate well with circANKRD36 both in vitro and in vivo. By database analysis and luciferase assay, Casz1 was found to be the direct target of miR‐599. Casz1 helps to prevent apoptosis and inflammation of chondrocytes in response to IL‐1β. In conclusion, our results proved circANKRD36 sponge miR‐599 to up‐regulate the expression of Casz1 and thus prevent apoptosis and inflammation in OA.
Carboxytherapy for striae distensae: A promising modality
Authors: El‐Domyati Moetaz , Hosam El‐Din Wael , Medhat Walid , Ibrahim Michel R. , khaled Yasmin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundStriae distensae (SD) is a very common skin problem. Although a lot of treatment modalities have been proposed, few of them are effective. Recently, carbon dioxide therapy (CDT) or carboxytherapy was used in many indications of cosmetic dermatology such as SD.ObjectivesTo objectively evaluate the use and effectiveness of CDT for treatment of SD.Patients and methodsTwenty patients were subjected to 8 sessions of CDT injection at 2‐week intervals using carboxy‐gun. Patients were photographed, and skin specimens were obtained from the treated area before and after 4 months of treatment. Using a computerized 3D camera, skin topography was objectively analyzed before and after treatment. Evaluation of collagen and elastic fibers by special histopathological staining, in addition to histometric analysis, was also done to evaluate treatment efficacy.ResultsClinically, SD was statistically significantly improved after CDT injection compared with baseline (mean percentage of improvement of length and width, 59.8 ± 15.9; P < .05). Meanwhile, the improvement observed by the 3D camera correlated with the clinical improvement. Histometric analysis showed an increase in epidermal thickness (P < .0001) in association with re‐appearance of rete ridges following treatment. Histochemical evaluation of changes in elastic and collagen fibers after treatment showed better organization of curled and fragmented elastic fibers, which was accompanied by an increase in collagen content that became denser, arranged in bundles and parallel to the epidermis.ConclusionsCDT is an effective, promising, and simple minimally invasive procedure for improving SD with few side effects and low downtime.
Perceptions and attitudes of parents and healthcare professionals about the option of using infant massage in neonatal intensive care units
Authors: Abdallah Bahia , Whitford Heather , Bradbury‐Jones Caroline , Jones Martyn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfant moderate pressure massage is an effective evidence‐based intervention that counters the consequences of prematurity and exposure to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) environment. This touch‐based therapy reduces physiological stress and improves physical, cognitive and neurological development in stable preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants. Currently, little is known about the barriers and facilitators that surround its implementation.AimsThis study explored the cultural, organisational and contextual factors perceived by parents and healthcare professionals (HCPs) about the option of implementing infant massage in the Lebanese context.MethodsA qualitative exploratory approach informed by normalisation process theory (NPT) was used; 22 parents and 38 HCPs were recruited from three university hospitals over 7‐month period. COREQ guidelines were used to inform reporting and as a quality appraisal checklist. Framework approach was used for data analysis of the focus groups (seven with parents, six with HCPs) and non‐participant observation. The four constructs of NPT guided data collection and analysis, interpretation of the findings and understanding of the implementation issues.FindingsFour themes emerged: understanding infant massage; perception of massage benefits and risks; perceived barriers for engaging in the practice of massage, and strategies to facilitate future implementation. Participants were accepting of the massage concept. However, HCPs were concerned that workload and lack of time would make implementation difficult and interfere with daily care. Both groups highlighted parental fear and anxiety, entry to NICU, and space availability as main contextual and organisational implementation barriers. Communication, gradual implementation, encouragement and support were potential facilitators perceived by parents while adequate preparation, commitment, and establishing protocol and guidelines were the identified facilitators for HCPs.ConclusionStudy findings provide important insights into the barriers and facilitators for the implementation of massage to assist in future evidence‐based interventions within and beyond the Lebanese NICU context.
Job burnout and its influencing factors among newly graduated nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Xie Jianfei , Li Jie , Wang Sha , Li Lijun , Wang Kewei , Duan Yinglong , Liu Qiao , Zhong Zhuqing , Ding Siqing , Cheng Andy S. K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundBurnout affects the quality of work and health of newly graduated nurses, increases the turnover rate among newly graduated nurses and leads to a shortage of nurses. Reducing job burnout among newly graduated nurses is critical. However, the factors that impact burnout among newly graduated nurses are currently not well known.ObjectiveThis exploratory study aims to identify the factors that influence burnout among newly graduated nurses in China.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of newly graduated nurses from 15 cities in 13 provinces in China. We used online questionnaires to conduct the survey and obtain the results in this study. A STROBE checklist was used to report the results.ResultsOf the 2400 questionnaires distributed, 2071 (86.29%) were returned. Job satisfaction, professional rank, hospital level, professional values and core competence were negatively correlated with burnout, while negative emotions were positively correlated with burnout. Women were more prone to burnout than men.ConclusionsBurnout among newly graduated nurses was divided into three dimensions based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale. Our findings provided new evidence that newly graduated nurses had average levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation and low levels of personal accomplishment. Job satisfaction, professional rank, hospital level, gender, professional values, negative emotions and core competence were predictors of job burnout among NGNs in China.Relevance to clinical practiceNursing managers should pay attention to burnout management, standardise training about professional values, core competence and coping mechanisms and promote mental health and job satisfaction among newly graduated nurses.
Diastasis recti abdominis in adult women based on abdominal computed tomography imaging: Prevalence, risk factors and its impact on life
Authors: Wu Lina , Gu Yechun , Gu Yanlan , Wang Yawen , Lu Xueqin , Zhu Cong , Lu Zhongqiu , Xu Hongbo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to obtain the incidence of diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) and analyse possible risk factors in adult females. Moreover, the relationships between DRA and lower back pain, pelvic floor function and quality of life were also analysed.BackgroundDiastasis recti abdominis is a separation of the abdominal muscles at the linea alba. Currently, studies on the prevalence rates, risk factors and consequences of DRA are varied. In particular, reports on DRA among adult women are lacking.DesignA one‐sample questionnaire study design is used following the STROBE checklist.MethodsThe inter‐rectus distance was measured by computed tomography in 644 women. Custom questionnaires, the Oswestry Disability Index, The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Urinary Incontinence Short Form and the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) were used to investigate personal information, the subjects’ back pain, pelvic floor function and quality of life, respectively.ResultsThe incidence of DRA was 28.4%. Age, the number of pregnancies, BMI and diabetes were influencing factors for DRA. After age stratification, pregnancy and diabetes were found to be risk factors for DRA in young women, and obesity and diabetes were risk factors for DRA in older women. This study showed that the association between DRA and low back pain was highly significant.ConclusionsDiastasis recti abdominis is common in adult women. Avoiding multiple pregnancies, preventing diabetes and controlling weight may prevent DRA, which may be beneficial for decreasing low back pain in women.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings have important implications for the health of adult women which can provide the basis for appropriate nursing implementation for DRA patients. The application of specific prevention and intervention measures for the risk factors may reduce the severity of low back pain.
Description of Flexiglena gen. nov. and new members of Discoplastis and Euglenaformis (Euglenida)
Authors: Łukomska‐Kowalczyk Maja , Chaber Katarzyna , Fells Alicja , Milanowski Rafał , Zakryś Bożena 
Published: November 2020

Environmental sampling in Poland and the United States and phylogenetic analyses based on 567 sequences of four genes (155 sequences of nuclear SSU rDNA, 139 of nuclear LSU rDNA, 135 of plastid‐encoded SSU rDNA, and 138 of plastid‐encoded LSU rDNA) resulted in description of the new genus Flexiglena, which has been erected by accommodating Euglena variabilis, and enriching the Discoplastis and Euglenaformis genera with five new species. Four of them have joined the Discoplastis genus, currently consisting of six representatives: D. adunca, D. angusta (=Euglena angusta), D. constricta (=Lepocinclis constricta), D. excavata (=E. excavata), D. gasterosteus (=E. gasterosteus), and D. spathirhyncha. One of them has enriched the Euglenaformis genus, currently represented by two species: Euf. chlorophoenicea (= E. chlorophoenicea) and Euf. proxima. For most studied species, the diagnostic descriptions have been emended and epitypes were designated. Furthermore, the emending of Discoplastis and Euglenaformis diagnoses was performed.
Sexual aggression in mammals
Authors: Cassini Marcelo H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

In non‐human mammals, sexual conflict should be particularly intense because males rarely provide parental care. An expected consequence of sexual conflict is male aggression towards mates. Considering how complex measurements and interpretations of behaviours such as sexual aggression and sexual coercion are, I preferred to define operationally, as ‘sexual disturbance’, any male behaviour towards females during the pericopulatory period that can be costly for females.

The objectives in this review were as follows: 1) to estimate how widespread sexual disturbance is among mammals, 2) to analyse the types of female response to sexual disturbance, and 3) to characterise the costs of sexual disturbance to females. I conducted a systematic review by searching the literature in the Web of Knowledge database using the search tools available for 19 main journals, and I conducted a qualitative review via a taxon‐by‐taxon analysis.

Sexual disturbance was frequent in four of the 32 mammalian orders: Primates, Artiodactyla, Carnivora, and Cetacea, which all include highly polygynous taxa. The most common expression of sexual conflict around copulation is seen in behaviours associated with female retention attempts that cause minor harm. Research suggests that the most common response of females to sexual disturbance comprises female grouping around a dominant male.
Positive pressure in xylem and its role in hydraulic function
Authors: Schenk H. Jochen , Jansen Steven , Hölttä Teemu 
Published: November 2020

SummaryAlthough transpiration‐driven transport of xylem sap is well known to operate under absolute negative pressure, many terrestrial, vascular plants show positive xylem pressure above atmospheric pressure on a seasonal or daily basis, or during early developmental stages. The actual location and mechanisms behind positive xylem pressure remain largely unknown, both in plants that show seasonal xylem pressure before leaf flushing, and those that show a diurnal periodicity of bleeding and guttation. Available evidence shows that positive xylem pressure can be driven based on purely physical forces, osmotic exudation into xylem conduits, or hydraulic pressure in parenchyma cells associated with conduits. The latter two mechanisms may not be mutually exclusive and can be understood based on a similar modelling scenario. Given the renewed interest in positive xylem pressure, this review aims to provide a constructive way forward by discussing similarities and differences of mechanistic models, evaluating available evidence for hydraulic functions, such as rehydration of tissues, refilling of water stores, and embolism repair under positive pressure, and providing recommendations for future research, including methods that avoid or minimise cutting artefacts.
High CO2‐ and pathogen‐driven expression of the carbonic anhydrase βCA3 confers basal immunity in tomato
Authors: Hu Zhangjian , Ma Qiaomei , Foyer Christine H. , Lei Cui , Choi Hyong Woo , Zheng Chenfei , Li Jianxin , Zuo Jinhua , Mao Zhuo , Mei Yuyang , Yu Jingquan , Klessig Daniel F. , Shi Kai 
Published: November 2020

Summary

Atmospheric CO2 concentrations exert a strong influence on the susceptibility of plants to pathogens. However, the mechanisms involved in the CO2‐dependent regulation of pathogen resistance are largely unknown.

Here we show that the expression of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) β‐CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 3 (βCA3) is induced by the virulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. The role of βCA3 in the high CO2‐mediated response in tomato and two other Solanaceae crops is distinct from that in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using βCA3 knock‐out and over‐expression plants, we demonstrate that βCA3 plays a positive role in the activation of basal immunity, particularly under high CO2.

βCA3 is transcriptionally activated by the transcription factor NAC43 and is also post‐translationally regulated by the receptor‐like kinase GRACE1. The βCA3 pathway of basal immunity is independent on stomatal‐ and salicylic‐acid‐dependent regulation. Global transcriptome analysis and cell wall metabolite measurement implicate cell wall metabolism/integrity in βCA3‐mediated basal immunity under both CO2 conditions.

These data not only highlight the importance of βCA3 in plant basal immunity under high CO2 in a well‐studied susceptible crop–pathogen system, but they also point to new targets for disease management strategies in a changing climate.
Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in asthmatic children with vitamin D deficiency: A randomized controlled trial (ESDAC trial)
Authors: Jat Kana Ram , Goel Nancy , Gupta Nandita , Gupta Chandra Prakash , Datta Sudip , Lodha Rakesh , Kabra Sushil K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D supplementations for asthma control had shown inconsistent results. We aimed to study efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation in asthmatic children who were vitamin D deficient.MethodsThis double‐blind, randomized controlled trial enrolled asthmatic children of 4‐12 years of age who had 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels <20 ng/mL. The participants were randomized to receive either vitamin D orally 1000 IU/d for 9 months or similar‐looking placebo. The primary outcomes were the proportion of children having the Childhood Asthma Control Test (CACT) score of ≥20 at the end of the treatment and adverse effects.ResultsThe trial included 250 children (125 in each group) with a mean age of 8.1 ± 2.3 years and 180 boys. The baseline parameters were similar between the groups, including CACT score (21.7 ± 4.2 vs 21.9 ± 3.6, vitamin D vs placebo). At the end of the study, the proportion of asthmatic children who had CACT score ≥ 20 was similar between vitamin D and placebo group (93.6% vs 92.0%, P = .625). The number of exacerbations of asthma and side effect profile was also identical between the groups. 25(OH)D levels increased significantly in the vitamin D group (18.06 ± 7.11 vs 12.03 ± 5.98 ng/mL, P < .001). The results did not change when we did subgroup analysis for children with baseline CACT score < 20 and 25(OH)D levels at the end of the study ≥20 ng/mL.ConclusionVitamin D supplementation in asthmatic children with vitamin D deficiency did not improve control of asthma.
Ethnographies of Justice: Doing Some Justice to “Justice and Law”
Authors: Brunnegger Sandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis symposium seeks to generate fresh theoretical thinking about the relations between justice and law. In particular, it aims to reappraise justice conceptually by insisting on a theoretical openness to justice within and beyond law, and indeed against law. The symposium's articles conceive justice and law both within their plurality and variety and in their own terms and relations. The symposium carries the inquiry into fields beyond defined categories so as to reveal some of the social, political, and ethical ideas, registers, and concealed forces at work and at stake in the domain of justice.
Affect and emotions in placebo and nocebo effects: What do we know so far?
Authors: Geers Andrew L. , Faasse Kate , Guevarra Darwin A. , Clemens Kelly S. , Helfer Suzanne G. , Colagiuri Ben 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOnce considered nuisance variance in clinical trials, placebo effects and nocebo effects are now widely recognized as important and mutable psychobiological contributors to mental and physical health. Psychological theory explaining these effects emphasizes associative learning and conscious expectations. It has long been suggested, however, that affective states such as moods, emotions, and distress could play a significant role. In this paper, we draw together and review the empirical data linking affective states to placebo and nocebo effects. To organize this disparate literature, three questions are addressed: (1) Does pre‐existing state and trait affect modulate placebo and nocebo effects? (2) Does administering placebo and nocebo treatments change affective states, and if so, does the resulting affect causally influence placebo and nocebo effects? Finally, (3) Can placebo treatments be successfully employed as a regulation strategy to modulate different affective states? In reviewing the evidence in relation to these three questions, it is clear that affect does play a key role in placebo and nocebo effects in many circumstances, and further, there may be a reciprocal dynamic at play between a treatment event, affect, and placebo/nocebo effects. The paper concludes by discussing implications for theory and intervention and recommends future research priorities.
Social work and the state: Perspectives and practice
Authors: Feldman Guy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe state has been central to social work throughout the profession's history. Despite its theoretical and political significance, the mainstream of the social work field has long disregarded the state as an object of inquiry. The scant attention given to the state within social work is especially puzzling given a resurgence of interest in the state within the social sciences over the past few decades. To redress this imbalance, this article explores six influential theories of the state and discusses their implications for social work practice and policy. These theories suggest we conceive of the state as: a liberal and caring guardian; a tool for class dominance; a means of social control; a political practice; an institutional structure; and a cultural construct. Drawing on diverse literatures, the article advances the understanding of social work that takes seriously the problem of the state.
Discrete Events and Hate Crimes: The Causal Role of the Brexit Referendum
Authors: Devine Daniel 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe article contributes to the literature on discrete events and behavioral change among the public by studying the link between the United Kingdom's 2016 “Brexit”referendum and racial and religious hate crime.MethodsTime series intervention models on daily and monthly hate crime numbers from the UK Home Office and police forces, controlling for other events such as terror attacks. A range of robustness tests including additional vector auto‐regression.ResultsThe Brexit referendum led to a 19–23 percent increase in hate crimes, but did not lead to a longer‐term increase. The results are robust to a range of alternative specifications, and there is no evidence of a relationship between media coverage of hate crime or immigration salience and hate crimes. The results also show the consistent, large effect of terror attacks on increasing the number of hate crimes.ConclusionThe Brexit referendum caused an increase in hate crimes on par with terror attacks. Discrete political events, like referendums and elections, can play a sizeable role in prejudicial behavioral change.
Efficacy of black plastic film mulching as a cultivation strategy to cope with leaf senescence and increase yield of rainfed spring maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Fu Yafang , Si Leiyong , Jin Yan , Xia Zhenqing , Wang Qi , Lu Haidong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLong‐term use of white plastic film mulching is an important reason for premature leaf senescence of spring mulch maize in the Weibei Plateau area of China. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of black plastic film mulching on leaf senescence characteristics and yield of spring maize. In 2017 and 2018, a field experiment was conducted in Changwu County, China. The experiments included three treatments: black film mulching (BFM), white plastic film mulching (WFM) and bare land (BL), and two varieties: Shandan 609 (green keeping variety sd609) and Shandan 902 (early maturing variety sd902). A split‐plot experimental design was used to research the effects of different mulching techniques on leaf protective enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, chlorophyll content of leaves as represented by the SPAD value, dry matter quality and yield of spring maize. The results indicated that the SPAD value, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity of maize leaves under the BFM treatment were significantly higher than that under the WFM or BL treatment. The MDA content was also lower than that in the WFM and BL treatments. There were differences in the degree of influence among the varieties. Compared with WFM and BL, BFM significantly increased aboveground biomass and yield of the two maize varieties. In the dryland area, which had intense light and high temperature, using BFM helped to slow down leaf senescence in the late maize stage and increase yield; it was especially effective for the early maturing maize variety.