bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A time‐dependent contribution of hippocampal CB1, CB2 and PPARγ receptors to cannabidiol‐induced disruption of fear memory consolidation
Authors: Raymundi Ana Maria , da Silva Thiago R. , Zampronio Aleksander R. , Guimarães Francisco S. , Bertoglio Leandro J. , Stern Cristina A.J. 
Published: October 2019

Background and PurposeIn preclinical studies, cannabidiol (CBD) mitigates fear memories by facilitating their extinction or interfering with their generalization and reconsolidation. The brain regions and mechanisms underlying these effects, and their temporal window, are still poorly understood. Here, we have investigated related questions in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) during contextual fear consolidation.Experimental ApproachAdult male Wistar rats received CBD (10–30 pmol) intra‐DH immediately, 1 or 3 hr after fear conditioning. Effects of CBD on consolidation were inferred behaviourally and by analysing expression of the activity‐regulated, cytoskeleton‐associated (Arc) protein. The contribution of anandamide, CB1, CB2, 5‐HT1A, A2A, and PPARγ receptors was also assessed.Key ResultsCBD impaired memory consolidation when given immediately or 1 hr after fear conditioning, but not after 3 hr. Expression of Arc protein in DH was reduced by systemic CBD treatment in both cases. Immediately after fear conditioning, CBD effects were abolished by CB1 or CB2 receptor blockade, partly reduced by 5‐HT1A or A2A antagonism, and remained unchanged after antagonism of PPARγ receptors. One hour after fear conditioning, CBD effects were prevented only by PPARγ receptor antagonism. Also, inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase by URB597, impaired memory consolidation when infused immediately, but not 1 hr after fear conditioning.Conclusions and ImplicationsCBD disrupts memory consolidation up to 1 hr after fear conditioning, allowing an extended window of opportunity to mitigate aversive memories after their acquisition. Our results suggest time‐dependent participation of anandamide, CB1, CB2 and PPARγ receptors in the DH, during this process.
Early administration of pegfilgrastim for esophageal cancer treated with docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil: A phase II study
Authors: Ishikawa Takeshi , Yasuda Tomoyo , Okayama Tetsuya , Dohi Osamu , Yoshida Naohisa , Kamada Kazuhiro , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Takagi Tomohisa , Konishi Hirotaka , Shiozaki Atsushi , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Konishi Hideyuki , Naito Yuji , Teramukai Satoshi , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPreoperative or induction chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, plus 5‐fluorouracil (DCF) is a promising regimen for advanced esophageal cancer. However, the DCF regimen is associated with a high risk of severe neutropenia or febrile neutropenia (FN). However, the current guidelines fail to recommend an optimal dosing schedule of pegfilgrastim along with the DCF regimen to prevent FN. In the present study, we assessed the efficacy and safety of giving pegfilgrastim early on day 3 during DCF therapy for esophageal cancer. In this single‐arm phase II study, patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were recruited. They were treated with the DCF therapy on days 1‐5, with pegfilgrastim given on day 3. Primary endpoint was the occurrence of grade 4 neutropenia. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of FN, grade 3 neutropenia, dose delays/reductions, antitumor effect, and safety. Between July 2016 and December 2018, 23 patients were enrolled. The incidence of grade 4 neutropenia was 8.7% (95% confidence interval 1.1%‐28.0%). No patient experienced FN. Of the 19 patients who received two cycles of DCF, one required a dose reduction/treatment delay due to hematological toxicity in the second treatment cycle. No serious adverse events, considered relevant to pegfilgrastim, were observed. This is the first prospective study that showed an efficacious dosing schedule of pegfilgrastim for preventing hematological toxicity during DCF therapy. The results might be generalized to other similar regimens where continuous infusions of 5‐fluorouracil are used.
Minds Under Siege: Cognitive Signatures of Poverty and Trauma in Refugee and Non‐Refugee Adolescents
Authors: Chen Alexandra , Panter‐Brick Catherine , Hadfield Kristin , Dajani Rana , Hamoudi Amar , Sheridan Margaret 
Published: October 2019

The impacts of war and displacement on executive function (EF)—what we might call the cognitive signatures of minds under siege—are little known. We surveyed a gender‐balanced sample of 12‐ to 18‐year‐old Syrian refugees (n = 240) and Jordanian non‐refugees (n = 210) living in Jordan. We examined the relative contributions of poverty, trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress, and insecurity to variance in inhibitory control and working memory. We observed associations between poverty and WM, suggesting that, even in populations exposed to substantial violence and fear, poverty is a specific pathway to WM deficit. We did not, however, find associations between EFs and exposures to trauma. Careful distinction between childhood adversities may illuminate which neurocognitive pathways matter for measures of cognitive function.
The construction of maternal identity among Israeli mothers who are welfare clients
Authors: Sinai‐Glazer Hagit , Lipshes‐Niv Maya , Peled Einat 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDominant social, cultural, and professional discourses view motherhood as the core of a woman's identity. Thus, the identity of women who do not meet the general expectations of motherhood might be negatively affected. Specifically, mothers who are welfare clients may violate the prevailing norms concerning the maternal role. This qualitative study explores how Israeli mothers who are welfare clients construct their maternal identity. Studies of mothers who are clients of welfare services suggest that they feel blamed for being “bad” or “unfit” mothers. However, women occasionally negotiate or challenge the negative perceptions that are forced on them by hegemonic discourses of motherhood. We postulate that such women experience a troubled maternal identity that they negotiate through interactions with others. Accordingly, this study set to explore how Israeli mothers who are welfare clients negotiate their maternal identity in the context of motherhood and welfare discourses. Fourteen participants were interviewed, and the findings illustrate the vulnerability of the mothers and their strategies to construct a positive maternal identity. We discuss the findings in light of the concept of troubled identity.
Role of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the development of cervical metastases in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Bumber Boris , Marjanovic Kavanagh Marcel , Jakovcevic Antonia , Sincic Nino , Prstacic Ratko , Prgomet Drago 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) in the development of cervical metastases in papillary thyroid cancer. Our hypothesis is that level of expression of MMPs and TIMPs is associated with the development of cervical metastases and the pattern of metastatic process in papillary thyroid cancer.DesignThis research retrospectively investigates the expression of MMP‐1, ‐2 and ‐9 as well as TIMP‐1 and ‐2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissue. Tissue specimens were immunohistochemically treated with primary monoclonal antibodies against MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2.SettingSingle‐centre study.ParticipantsIn total, samples of 159 patients were analysed. In all patients, total thyroidectomy was performed, whereas 102 patients underwent selective neck dissection of either central (level VI) or lateral neck (level II‐V). Subjects were divided into four groups.Main outcome measuresMatrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs expression values were analysed in each group, and groups were compared to each other.ResultsTotal number of patients was 159, of which 125 were women and 34 men. Comparing expression levels of MMPs and TIMPs in metastatic (study groups) and non‐metastatic (control group), papillary thyroid carcinomas yielded significant differences in MMP‐1 and TIMP‐1 expression levels, where the highest expression values were found in the group with metastasis in lateral neck. Expression levels of MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and TIMP‐2 did not differ statistically significant among the groups.ConclusionElevated expression of MMP‐1 and TIMP‐1 in tumour tissue can be considered a predictive factor for the development of metastases.
Non‐consumptive effects of predation: does perceived risk strengthen the genetic integration of behaviour and morphology in stickleback?
Authors: Dingemanse Niels J. , Barber Iain , Dochtermann Ned A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPredators can shape genetic correlations in prey by altering prey perception of risk. We manipulated perceived risk to test whether such non‐consumptive effects tightened behavioural trait correlations in wild‐caught stickleback from high‐ compared to low‐risk environments due to genetic variation in plasticity. We expected tighter genetic correlations within perceived risk treatments than across them, and tighter genetic correlations in high‐risk than in low‐risk treatments. We identified genetic variation in plasticity, with genetic correlations between boldness, sociality, and antipredator morphology, as expected, being tighter within treatments than across them, for both of two populations. By contrast, genetic correlations did not tighten with exposure to risk. Tighter phenotypic correlations in wild stickleback may thus arise because predators induce correlational selection on environmental components of these traits, or because predators tighten residual correlations by causing environmental heterogeneity that is controlled in the laboratory. Our study places phenotypic integration firmly into an ecological context.
Faster and as Satisfying: An Evaluation of Alaska's Early Resolution Triage Program
Authors: Marz Stacey 
Published: October 2019

The Alaska Court Early Resolution Program (ERP) addresses many issues – self‐representation in divorce and custody cases, triaging to determine the appropriate resolution approach, the importance of early intervention and the desire to use a simplified process and a problem‐solving approach. This article reports on an evaluation of the Anchorage ERP. It found different outcomes for ERP cases that settled than comparable cases that proceeded on the regular trial process track with respect to the following outcomes:
time to disposition,
number of staff processing steps and associated completion time, and
number of motions to modify filed within two years of the disposition.
Networking policy and firm performance
Authors: Burlina Chiara 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper evaluates the effects of inter‐firm networks (IFNs) on firms’ economic performance. This policy instrument has been implemented in Italy from 2009 to support mostly small and medium‐size enterprises after the great economic crisis of 2007–2009. Starting from an original database of Italian manufacturing and service firms for the period 2010–2017, the paper develops in two steps: the first part, with “difference‐in‐differences” technique, is highlighted the positive effect on firms’ performance for those firms involved in an IFN. The second part investigates which characteristics of the IFN have better impacts on firm’s performance in the medium long‐run. This study contributes to the network policy literature by revealing another instrument to foster cooperation and increase firms’ innovation and internationalisation, without the need to be geographically bounded.
Pay the PIED Piper: Guidelines to Visualize Large Geochemical Datasets on Piper Diagrams
Authors: Russoniello Christopher J. , Lautz Laura K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Piper diagram has increased in popularity since its 1944 introduction and is now one of the most familiar and effective tools in the hydrogeologist's toolbox. Within the Piper diagram, three points on three related plots fully display the major ionic species of a water sample. Recently the size and availability of datasets have increased as additional field measurements and modeling results are shared more effectively in online databases. This growth presents opportunities and challenges for data analysis and conveyance—larger and longer datasets increase the potential to identify trends and patterns, but traditional Piper diagrams are quickly overwhelmed by large datasets as dense points overlap and become obscured. We present guidelines for effectively displaying large geochemical datasets on traditional Piper diagrams and new code that adds novel functionality for following these generic guidelines. This code, plotting interesting environmental data with Piper diagrams (PIED Piper), can be run within the Matlab environment or through a stand‐alone graphical user interface, and is the first Matlab code to generate Piper diagrams. The illustrative examples herein demonstrate (1) how limitations in displays of large datasets may be overcome with translucent symbology, contours, and heatmaps to identify trends and patterns, (2) how clusters of similar points can be identified and differentiated with convex hulls, and (3) how temporal‐and‐spatial patterns may be visually diagnosed with image groups and movies. The guidelines discussed in these examples will aid PIED Piper users to achieve the two goals of effective big data visualization: analysis and communication.
Who represents me? A patient‐derived model of patient engagement via patient and family advisory councils (PFACs)
Authors: Dukhanin Vadim , Feeser Scott , Berkowitz Scott A. , DeCamp Matthew 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite increasing attention to patient and family advisory councils (PFACs), what patients who are not PFAC members expect of PFACs remains understudied. Understanding their expectations is critical if PFACs are to help health systems achieve certain outcomes (eg increased patient satisfaction with health systems).ObjectiveTo obtain rich insights about what patients who are not PFAC members expect of PFACs.DesignFrom July to September 2018, we conducted a qualitative study using focus groups.Setting and participantsWe recruited patients and caregivers who receive their care from the Johns Hopkins Medicine Alliance for Patients (JMAP), LLC, a Medicare accountable care organization that in 2014 established a PFAC, the Beneficiary Advisory Council.ApproachUsing grounded theory, we analysed field notes, analytic memos and transcripts to develop a theoretical model of patient engagement via PFACs.ResultsForty‐two patients and caregivers participated in five focus groups that included individuals of different ages, races, health statuses and socio‐economic statuses. Participants were largely unaware of PFACs. Participants wanted to knowwhorepresented them (interpreted as a form of political representation) and emphasized the need for representatives’ diversity.Whomattered becausewhocould affectwhatPFACs do. Participants expected that all patients should be able to communicate with PFACs and that meaningful engagement could enhance perceptions of health systems.ConclusionsEliciting views about patient representation from patients who have not been engaged as advisors or representatives has the potential to inform PFACs’ activities. Attention should be given to improving and measuring patients’ awareness of, and interactions with, their patient representatives.
Shortcomings and/or Missed Opportunities of the Global Compacts for the Protection of Forced Migrants
Authors: Jubilut Liliana Lyra , Casagrande Melissa Martins 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) and the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) are norm‐creating exercises, in the sense of being international legal documents for a new framework that reinforces existing structures and attempt to renew migration governance globally. They were expected to further develop the protection of all migrants. However, despite some progress, there are shortcomings and/or missed opportunities in what they were able to achieve, especially in the case of the protection of forced migrants. Understanding these shortcomings and/or missed opportunities as being conceptual and institutional in nature, and to assess both these sets, this article presents the idea of forced migration and the lack of international protection of forced migrants (part 1), describes the protection of forced migrants achieved by the Compacts (part 2), and ends by assessing the shortcomings and/or missed opportunities in both Compacts (part 3).
Experience of stigma among family members of people with severe mental illness: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Yin Min , Li Zheng , Zhou Chenxi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFamily members of people with severe mental illness are subjected to stigmatization, and a better understanding of their experience of stigma is important for developing anti‐stigma interventions to reduce the related adverse consequences. This review aimed to systematically identify, evaluate, and synthesize existing findings from qualitative studies regarding the experience of stigma among family members of people with severe mental illness. A systematic literature search for primary studies was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (PQDT), SinoMed (China), Chinese Citation Database (CNKI), and Wanfang Data (China) until March 2019. Findings from the included qualitative studies were extracted and aggregated using meta‐synthesis, guided by the Joanna Briggs Methodology for Qualitative Systematic Reviews. The results revealed that family members experienced stigma and suffered from various negative consequences related to it. Five major categories were identified in 20 studies: ‘negative public images of mental illness’, ‘structural discrimination against mental illness’, ‘stigma encountered in everyday life’, ‘psychological distress associated with stigmatization’, and ‘coping with stigma’. The study contributes to our understanding of the stigma experienced by family members of people with severe mental illness. It is suggested that culturally appropriate multi‐level interventions targeting the general public, health professionals, communities, and family members need to be developed to reduce the harmful influence of associated family stigma.
Between an ocean and a high place: coastal drainage isolation generates endemic cryptic species in the Cape kurper Sandelia capensis (Anabantiformes: Anabantidae), Cape Region, South Africa
Authors: Bronaugh Whitcomb Meade , Swartz Ernst R. , Sidlauskas Brian L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the range‐wide phylogenetics and biogeography of the Cape kurper Sandelia capensis, a primary freshwater fish endemic to and widespread within the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa. Maximum likelihood, Bayesian phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses, based on two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes, revealed the existence of three reciprocally monophyletic, deeply divergent and allopatric clades that probably represent cryptic species. The West Coast Clade is largely confined to the Langvlei, Verlorenvlei, Berg and Diep Rivers, the Klein River Clade is endemic to the Klein River and the South Coast Clade is found everywhere else in the range of S. capensis sensu lato. It was hypothesised that divergences within S. capensis sensu lato probably occurred because of isolation of coastal drainages by persistent drainage divides or vicariance of current tributaries by the drowning of their confluences by high sea levels. The current distribution of lineages could be due to historical range expansion and gene flow via river capture or some other mode of transdivide dispersal or dispersal during periods of low sea level via palaeoriver confluences of currently isolated coastal rivers. Comparison of BEAST2 estimated divergence times with the timing of climatic, geological and geomorphological events supported long‐term coastal drainage isolation, punctuated by rare transdivide dispersal events and limited palaeoriver dispersal, as the best explanation of current phylogeographic and divergence patterns in S. capensis. Hydrological barriers that block upstream passage in palaeotributaries could hypothetically explain why S. capensis failed to disperse through certain palaeoriver confluences. There were several sites where biogeographic patterns have likely been confounded by human translocation of S. capensis. Alien fish predators and water extraction may threaten the three cryptic species more severely than previously realised, due to their smaller population sizes and inhabitation of only a portion of the range previously ascribed to S. capensis sensu lato. The preponderance of cryptic diversity and endemism in the CFR suggests that additional undescribed cryptic species of obligate freshwater fishes may be found in short coastal river systems around the world, especially in regions with a history of geological stability and a narrow continental shelf.
Comparative larval ontogeny of two fish species (Characiformes and Siluriformes) endemic to the São Francisco River in Brazil
Authors: Rocha Maíra S. A. , Silva Robson C. , Santos José C. E. , Schorer Marianne , Nascimento Maria P. , Pedreira Marcelo M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to perform comparative histological analyses of the ontogenetic development of two fish species endemic to the São Francisco River in Brazil: Prochilodus argenteus and Lophiosilurus alexandri. Histological analyses were performed every 24 h from the moment of hatching until 14 days post‐hatching (dph) for the observation of larval development and until 39 dph for the observation of gonadal development. Whole larvae were fixed in Bouin's solution and the histological slides were stained with haematoxylin–eosin. Lophiosilurus alexandri larvae had a larger body size compared with P. argenteus larvae since hatching. Lophiosilurus alexandri larvae had mouth opening and pigmentation of the eyes upon hatching, whereas these events were observed at 1 dph in P. argenteus larvae. The visualisation and the inflation of the swim bladder occurred at 1 and 3 dph, respectively, in the P. argenteus, whereas these events occurred at 2 and 8 dph, respectively, in L. alexandri. Yolk granules were absorbed at 4 dph in P. argenteus and the 10 dph in L. alexandri. At 7 dph, the digestive tube was more differentiated in L. alexandri than P. argenteus and at 14 dph, the digestive system of both species had features of their eating habits: broad stomach and short intestine in L. alexandri, typical of carnivorous habits; stomach with a mechanical function and long intestine in P. argenteus, typical of detritivorous habits. The epithelial lining tissue, formed by a single layer of cells in the newly hatched larvae (0 dph), differentiated throughout the study, exhibiting scales in P. argenteus and numerous club cells in the middle epithelial region of L. alexandri at 39 dph. Undifferentiated gonads with somatic cells and primordial germ cells were observed at 39 dph, with caudal‐cranial migration since 1 dph in both species. The anatomic changes during the ontogeny of P. argenteus and L. alexandri larvae are directly associated with the evolutionary history of each species, which explains their feeding habits, behaviour and distribution in the environment: Prochilodus argenteus is detritivorous and actively swims in the water column, whereas L. alexandri is carnivorous and inhabits bottom regions. At 39 dph neither species exhibited sexual differentiation.