bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematics of the Magellanic Stream and Implications for Its Ionization*
Authors: Fox Andrew J. , Frazer Elaine M. , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Wakker Bart P. , Barger Kathleen A. , Richter Philipp 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Magellanic Stream and the Leading Arm form a massive, filamentary system of gas clouds surrounding the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. Here we present a new component-level analysis of their ultraviolet (UV) kinematic properties using a sample of 31 sightlines through the Magellanic System observed with the Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph. Using Voigt-profile fits to UV metal-line absorption, we quantify the kinematic differences between the low-ion (

and

), intermediate-ion (

), and high-ion (

and

) absorption lines and compare the kinematics between the Stream and Leading Arm. We find that the Stream shows generally simple, single-phase kinematics, with statistically indistinguishable b-value distributions for the low-, intermediate-, and high-ion components, all dominated by narrow (

km s−1) components that are well aligned in velocity. In contrast, we find tentative evidence that the Leading Arm shows complex, multi-phase kinematics, with broader high ions than low ions. These results suggest that the Stream is photoionized up to

by a hard ionizing radiation field. This can be naturally explained by the Seyfert-flare model of Bland-Hawthorn, in which a burst of ionizing radiation from the Galactic Center photoionized the Stream as it passed below the south Galactic pole. The Seyfert flare is the only known source of radiation that is both powerful enough to explain the Hα intensity of the Stream and hard enough to photoionize

and

to the observed levels. The flare’s timescale of a few Myr suggests it is the same event that created the giant X-ray/γ-ray Fermi Bubbles at the Galactic Center.
Search for Continuous Gravitational Waves from the Central Compact Objects in Supernova Remnants Cassiopeia A, Vela Jr., and G347.3–0.5
Authors: Papa M. A. , Ming J. , Gotthelf E. V. , Allen B. , Prix R. , Dergachev V. , Eggenstein H.-B. , Singh A. , Zhu S. J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We perform a sub-threshold follow-up search for continuous nearly monochromatic gravitational waves from the central compact objects associated with the supernova remnants (SNRs) Vela Jr., Cassiopeia A, and SNR G347.3−0.5. Across the three targets, we investigate the most promising ≈10,000 combinations of gravitational-wave frequency and frequency derivative values, based on the results from an Einstein@Home search of the LIGO O1 observing run data, dedicated to these objects. The selection threshold is set so that a signal could be confirmed using the newly released O2 run LIGO data. In order to achieve best sensitivity we perform two separate follow-up searches, on two distinct stretches of the O2 data. Only one candidate survives the first O2 follow-up investigation, associated with the central compact object in SNR G347.3−0.5, but it is not conclusively confirmed. In order to assess a possible astrophysical origin we use archival X-ray observations and search for amplitude modulations of a pulsed signal at the putative rotation frequency of the neutron star and its harmonics. This is the first extensive electromagnetic follow-up of a continuous gravitational-wave candidate performed to date. No significant associated signal is identified. New X-ray observations contemporaneous with the LIGO O3 run will enable a more sensitive search for an electromagnetic counterpart. A focused gravitational-wave search in O3 data based on the parameters provided here should be easily able to shed light on the nature of this outlier. Noise investigations on the LIGO instruments could also reveal the presence of a coherent contamination.
Untangling Optical Emissions of the Jet and Accretion Disk in the Flat-spectrum Radio Quasar 3C 273 with Reverberation Mapping Data
Authors: Li Yan-Rong , Zhang Zhi-Xiang , Jin Chichuan , Du Pu , Cui Lang , Liu Xiang , Wang Jian-Min 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
3C 273 is an intensively monitored flat-spectrum radio quasar with both a beamed jet and blue bump together with broad emission lines. The coexistence of the comparably prominent jet and accretion disk leads to complicated variability properties. Recent reverberation mapping monitoring for 3C 273 revealed that the optical continuum shows a distinct long-term trend that does not have a corresponding echo in the Hβ fluxes. We compile multiwavelength monitoring data from the Swift archive and other ground-based programs and clearly find two components of emissions at optical wavelength. One component stems from the accretion disk itself, and the other component can be ascribed to the jet contribution, which also naturally accounts for the nonechoed trend in reverberation mapping data. We develop an approach to decouple the optical emissions from the jet and accretion disk in 3C 273 with the aid of multiwavelength monitoring data. By assuming that the disk emission has a negligible polarization in consideration of the low inclination of the jet, the results show that the jet contributes a fraction of ∼10% at the minimum and up to ∼40% at the maximum to the total optical emissions. This is the first time to provide a physical interpretation of the “detrending” manipulation conventionally adopted in reverberation mapping analysis. Our work also illustrates the importance of appropriately analyzing variability properties in cases of coexisting jets and accretion disks.
Towards the trachoma elimination target in the Southern region of Ethiopia: How well is the SAFE strategy being implemented?
Authors: Asfaw Mekuria , Zolfo Maria , Negussu Nebiyu , Tadesse Fantahun , Tadele Tafese , Sisay Alemayehu , Seyum Dawit , Gezmu Tigist , Senkoro Mbazi , Owiti Philip , Adriaensen Wim 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Trachoma is one of the 20 neglected tropical diseases and a serious public health problem in Ethiopia. To reach the WHO elimination target by 2020, SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, Environmental improvement) strategy has been implemented in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPRs), Ethiopia. Scarce evidence exists regarding recent progress in achieving elimination of active trachoma (< 5%) and how well the SAFE strategy implemented.
Methodology: A retrospective analysis of programmatic data in the period 2013-2018 was used. All trachoma endemic districts in SNNPR were included. Data collected from the Federal Ministry of Health on trachoma prevalence and SAFE strategy were analyzed.
Results: Out of 134 endemic districts, only 35 had their planned impact survey, of which only 11 districts achieved the elimination target. Six districts reverted backwards from eliminated status to low (1) or moderate (5) level. The median prevalence of active trachoma in these 35 districts was 10% in 2017/18. In 2017, the mean antibiotic treatment coverage was 90%, but only 56% and 68% of districts implemented and reported on “F” and “E” components, respectively. In the high prevalence districts, only 10% delivered their planned five rounds of Zithromax® mass distribution.
Conclusions: These data showed a lack in planned impact surveys with only a limited number of districts reached the WHO elimination threshold by 2018. Lack of attention on high prevalent districts, and recent reversal of trachoma eliminated districts to moderate or low prevalence levels argue for urgent and prioritized implementation of the SAFE strategy.
Is vitiligo associated with wearing plastic shoes in a podoconiosis endemic region of Ethiopia?
Authors: Enbiale Wendemagegn , Abebe Kasanesh , Debru Berhane , Van Griensven Johan , Takarinda Kuda , Manzi Marcel , Zachariah Rony 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Endemic non-filarial elephantiasis also known as podoconiosis often affects bare footed farmers and is endemic in Ethiopia. The disease is prevented by wearing shoes. We recently observed several patients presenting to a dermatology clinic with skin depigmentation after wearing plastic shoes (“shoe-contact vitiligo”) which may deter shoe-wearing. We report on their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study of 17 months at tertiary level Hospital in Ethiopia. Patient data was retrieved from medical record department. We compared sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients presenting with idiopathic and shoe-contact vitiligo. Data was presented descriptively.
Results: Of 460 vitiligo cases, 190 (41%) were shoe-contact vitiligo and the rest, idiopathic. The former was more common in females (Odds Ratio, OR = 2.5, P < 0.001) and those in rural areas (OR = 4.8, P < 0.001). Fifty-five percent with shoe-contact vitiligo had itching and/or burning sensation, compared to just 2% with idiopathic vitiligo (P < 0.001) and some had ulcerations (8%). Idiopathic vitiligo had no such findings. Skin discoloration occurred within three weeks (on average) after wearing plastic shoes, 91% of lesions were symmetrical and involved areas of the feet covered with plastic shoes. Symmetric lesions were observed in only 11% of idiopathic vitiligo (OR = 81, P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Shoe-contact vitiligo was significantly associated with wearing cheap plastic shoes. The exact chemical culprit(s) needs to be identified. This will allow introducing quality control regulations and rigorous monitoring of shoe production sites.
Does mass drug administration affect Schistosoma mansoni infection trends in West Dembia district, Northwest Ethiopia?
Authors: Zeleke Ayalew Jejaw , Addisu Ayenew , Bayih Abebe Genetu , Tweya Hannock , Timire Collins , Techilo Werku , Kamau Edward Mberu , Vogt Florian , Verdonck Kristien 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Schistosomiasis is one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases in Ethiopia. Since 2015, yearly school-based mass drug administration (MDA) using praziquantel has become the major control strategy. This study aimed to assess trends of Schistosoma mansoni infection in a high-endemic area in Northwest Ethiopia.
Methodology: Data were extracted from routine laboratory logbooks at two health centers in West Dembia district, Amhara region, for the period 2013-2018. Wet-mount direct microscopy was used to diagnose intestinal parasites. Chi-square test was used to compare proportions of S. mansoni-positive results before and after the start of MDA with praziquantel, across sex, age groups, and seasons.
Results: Data of 8002 stool tests was extracted. The proportion of S. mansoni progressively decreased from 9.6% in 2013 to 4.1% in 2018 in the overall patient population and from 20.3% in 2013 to 8.8% in 2018 in school-aged children. However, a declining trend of S. mansoni was observed before the launch of MDA and remained constant after the start of the MDA. The positivity rate was significantly higher in males and in the 5-14 years age group. S .mansoni infection in school aged children showed significant seasonal variation.
Conclusions: The declined trend of S. mansoni positivity rate is encouraging and may be related to the existence of intervention packages. Although the timing of MDA was related with low positivity rate of S. mansoni infection, it has not resulted in the expected beneficial effect. Therefore, the district health office should work on both MDA and other interventions.
Does training of Health Extension Workers reduce scabies load in district health facilities in rural Ethiopia?
Authors: Gezmu Tigist , Enbiale Wendemagegn , Asnakew Mekuria , Bekele Alemayehu , Beresaw Gelila , Nigussie Mekdes , Takarinda Kudakwashe , Manzi Marcel , Zachariah Rony 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: In 2017, Ethiopia included scabies management within the responsibility of health extension workers. In Kamba (the intervention district) workers were trained on scabies management. Whereas, in Arba Minch Zuria (the control district) there was no such training. This study assesses whether decentralization of scabies management to communities would reduce the load on health facilities and allow earlier scabies treatment access.
Methodology: All individuals presenting with scabies before (January – June 2018) and after (August 2018-January 2019) the introduction of training (July 2018) in Kamba district and the Arba Minch Zuria district were included. We compared between the two districts in the period before and after training, the numbers of scabies cases presenting to health facilities, their demography, clinical characteristics and treatment.
Results: There were 1,891 scabies cases in the intervention district and 809 in the control district. Scabies cases declined in the intervention district from 7.6 to 1.6 per 1,000 population (a 4.8-fold reduction). In the control district, scabies cases increased from 1.3 to 2.4 per 1,000 population (a 1.8-fold increase). In intervention district, the proportion of scabies patients with secondary skin infections reduced from 1,227 (78%, n = 1,565) to 156 (48%, n = 326, P < 0.001). In the control district the difference was insignificant 39 (14%, n = 288) to 86 (17%, n = 521, P = 0.2).
Conclusions: Introducing trained health extension workers at community level were associated with reductions in health facility load for scabies and secondary infections. This is a wider community health benefit.
Diagnostic sensitivity of direct wet mount microscopy for soil-transmitted helminth infections in Jimma Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Dana Daniel , Vlaminck Johnny , Mekonnen Zeleke , Ayana Mio , Vogt Florian , Verdonck Kristien , Tweya Hannock , Timire Collins , Geldhof Peter , Levecke Bruno 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) remains a major public health problem in school children in Ethiopia. Although direct wet mount microscopy (DWMM) is the means to diagnose parasitic diseases in health care facilities in Ethiopia, it remains unclear what its diagnostic performance is for STH.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed in Jimma Town (Ethiopia) and included 600 children from 10 primary schools. The diagnostic sensitivity of DWMM was compared to a composite reference standard (CRS) consisting of Kato-Katz, McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC. We also explored the impact of intensity of infection (the highest faecal egg counts (FECs; expressed as eggs per gram of stool (EPG)) across the CRS) on the diagnostic sensitivity of DWMM.
Results: Based on the CRS, there were 210 Ascaris (35.0%), 312 Trichuris (52.0%) and 102 hookworm cases (17.0%). The median intensity of infections equalled 2,057 EPG for Ascaris, 200 EPG for Trichuris and 110 EPG for hookworms. The sensitivity of DWMM was 73.8% for Ascaris, but was around 17% for both Trichuris and hookworms. The sensitivity significantly increased with intensity of STH. For Ascaris, the odds for detecting an infection intensity of 1,000 EPG was 6.2 times higher than detecting an infection of 100 EPG. For Trichuris and hookworms, these odds ratios were 7.1 and 14.
Conclusions: The diagnostic sensitivity of DWMM is low for STH, but it is able to detect those subjects that are in the highest need of treatment, and hence contributes to the global goal to eliminate STH as a public health problem.
Féminisme pluriel
Authors: Perrot Michelle 
Published: June 2020

La force unifiante du singulier de « féminisme » recouvre bien des diversités, des divergences, voire des oppositions radicales. Sur la maternité, la contraception et l’avortement, la prostitution, la galanterie, la laïcité, le voile, etc., les féministes ont eu (et ont) des positions différentes, liées à la diversité des contextes sociaux et nationaux, autant qu’aux itinéraires personnels et aux choix existentiels. En France, différentialistes et universalistes se sont affrontées jusque dans le débat sur la parité. Sans tenter un inventaire exhaustif d’une histoire mouvementée, cet article s’interroge sur les objets, les formes et les raisons de ces disparités, qui confluent néanmoins dans la puissance du mouvement pour l’égalité et la liberté des femmes ainsi que dans la remise en cause de « la domination masculine ».
Droit et féminisme : les hésitations du Parlement français
Authors: Roman Diane 
Published: June 2020

Sous la pression sociale et la mobilisation féministe, le Parlement français a adopté de nombreuses lois, depuis le milieu des années 1990, en vue de lutter contre la violence à l’égard des femmes, améliorer l’égalité professionnelle et combattre les discriminations. Peut-on pour autant considérer que le droit français a intégré les acquis du féminisme ? Entre affirmation de l’égalité femmes-hommes, adoption de dispositifs de parité et reconnaissance des enjeux de genre, les mesures adoptées posent question, tant au regard de leur effectivité que de leur ambition.
L’interview réflexive : regards de thérapeutes
Authors: Tettamanti Manuel , Grand Julien , Auberjonois Katharina 
Published: June 2020

Notre équipe a mis en place il y a quelques années une recherche visant à évaluer l’effet thérapeutique de pratiques de réflexivité, standardisées sous forme d’une interview réflexive semi-structurée (cf. Auberjonois et al. , 2011). Dans ce texte, nous souhaitons rendre compte de la manière dont la pratique de cette interview a été vécue par les thérapeutes impliqués dans la recherche. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuierons sur les données d’une séance de focus group réalisée avec ceux-ci. Nous souhaitons également suggérer, au travers d’un bref rappel historique, que le questionnement sur la réflexivité en thérapie, bien que promu et souvent associé au courant dit « postmoderne », est présent dès les origines des thérapies familiales systémiques.
No Longer Expert: A Meta-Synthesis Describing the Transition From Clinician to Academic
Authors: Grassley Jane S. , Strohfus Pamela K. , Lambe Andrea C. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Recruitment of nurse clinicians into academic nursing has been important in addressing the faculty shortage. A description of their experiences as novice faculty could provide insights into easing their transition and improving faculty retention.

Method:
A systematic review of existing qualitative evidence was conducted to describe how nurses experience the transition from clinical practice to nursing academic. Criteria established by the Joanna Briggs Institute guided the review.

Results:
The meta-synthesis of the 12 selected qualitative studies yielded 11 themes and four meta-themes, which included: Unprepared, No Longer an Expert, In Search of Mentoring, and Beginning to Thrive.

Conclusion:

The transition from expert clinician to novice faculty is difficult as teaching is different than practicing nursing. The expert clinicians often were unprepared for the demands of their faculty role and missed being experts. To begin to thrive, they needed orientation to the academic culture, intentional mentoring, and professional development in teaching and learning.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(7):366–374.]
Gaming in Nursing Education: Recent Trends and Future Paths
Authors: Reed Janet M. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Game-based learning has attracted much attention in education in recent years due to its ability to increase student motivation and engagement in learning. This study reviewed the literature to answer the research questions: What learning outcomes have been linked to games in nursing education? What are potential gaps in the field's knowledge regarding games in nursing education?

Method:

A systematic literature search was completed in CINAHL and Google Scholar from 2009–2019 with the keywords of
games
,
gaming
, and
nursing education
.

Results:
A total of 49 papers were identified; of these, 34 were excluded, and 15 empirical studies were evaluated. The majority reported beneficial learning outcomes, such as increased knowledge, higher test scores, and positive student comments. Several methodological weaknesses were noted, such as small sample sizes, convenience samples, and lack of control groups or randomization.

Conclusion:

Games have the potential to prepare new nurses for improved clinical decision making. More robust research methodologies are needed to confirm best practices for educators.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(7):375–381.]
Exploring the Relationships Among Moral Distress, Moral Courage, and Moral Resilience in Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Gibson Erin , Duke Gloria , Alfred Danita 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Nurses and students face a demanding and fluid health care system that can present overwhelming challenges. Moral distress is a challenge encountered by students who experience complex situations. Certain virtues such as moral courage and moral resilience are necessary to navigate around this phenomenon.

Method:
Using a descriptive correlational study design, a convenience sample of nursing students distributed among three sites were surveyed using three tools: The Moral Distress Thermometer (MDT), the Connor-Davidson Moral Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Moral Courage Scale for Physicians (MCSP).

Results:

Students reported mild levels of moral distress (
M
= 2.73,
SD
= 1.9). Moral resilience was significantly correlated with moral courage, age, and students having a previous degree.

Conclusion:

Interventions to cultivate moral resilience in nursing curricula are necessary. Valid instruments to measure moral resilience and moral distress in nursing students should be investigated further.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(7):392–395.]
A Report of a Rare Case of Hurthle Cell Carcinoma of Thyroid with Metachronous Renal Metastasis
Authors: Kumar Ritesh , Biswas Rituparna , Mathur Sandeep , Bhasker Suman , Damle Nishikant , Bal CS , Dhamija Ekta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRenal metastasis from Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma is an extremely rare phenomenon which when present usually indicates widely disseminated disease. Herein, we present a case of Hurthle cell carcinoma of thyroid in a 58-year-old gentle lady, with metachronous renal metastasis which happens to be the fourth reported case in English literature.