bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change in basic need frustration in relation to perfectionism, anxiety, and performance in elite junior performers
Authors: Haraldsen Heidi M. , Solstad Bård Erlend , Ivarsson Andreas , Halvari Hallgeir , Abrahamsen Frank E. 
Published: December 2019

The present study examined whether there were different growth profiles in basic need frustration in elite junior performers over a nine‐month period. Subsequently, we examined whether the identified growth profiles differed in their levels of perfectionistic strivings and evaluative concerns measured at baseline and, additionally, whether they were associated with higher or lower levels of anxiety and perceived performance level in the end of the period. A sample of 259 (Mage = 17.31; SDage = 0.97) elite junior performers from sports and performing arts completed an online questionnaire to report their self‐ratings of the study variables. The analyses were conducted using growth mixture modeling in Mplus 8.0. Two main contrasting growth profiles were identified in each of the basic need frustration. Perfectionistic strivings were overall higher than evaluative concerns, but did not differ between the growth profiles. Conversely, evaluative concerns differed significantly between the identified growth profiles. Higher levels of evaluative concerns were associated with the most maladaptive growth profiles. Indeed, elite junior performers, who experienced moderate and increasing levels of competence and autonomy frustration, reported higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of perceived performance level than those who reported low and decreasing levels of competence and autonomy frustration. Based on these findings, evaluative concerns and basic need frustration appear to play key roles in the development of maladaptive motivational processes over time.
Understanding donation frequency: insights from current plasma donors
Authors: Thorpe Rachel , Masser Barbara M. , Nguyen Lilly , Davison Tanya E. 
Published: December 2019

Background and ObjectivesEncouraging existing plasma donors to donate more frequently is a key objective for blood donation services committed to expanding yield through voluntary non‐remunerated plasmapheresis donation. This requires an understanding of donors’ perspectives on their current donation practice and how this relates to their knowledge and beliefs about the need for plasma. To explore this, Australian plasma donors were interviewed about how they arrived at the frequency at which they donate.Materials and MethodsSemi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with 105 Australian plasmapheresis donors.ResultsKey themes identified were as follows: fitting donation into busy lives and how ideas about being an ongoing donor and the institutional context shaped their perspective on frequency; perceptions of the impact of donation on health; and wanting to make a greater contribution.ConclusionExperienced plasma donors work to maintain a donation practice in the context of busy lives often by adopting a flexible approach to donation frequency. Their knowledge of the contribution their donations make is key to their continued donation, yet most identified constraints to donating more frequently. Health concerns were a particular concern for some, and more research is needed to understand donors’ perspectives on the impact of donating on their health.
Using an Integrated Multidimensional Scaling and Clustering Method to Reduce the Number of Scenarios Based on Flow-Unit Models Under Geological Uncertainties
Authors: Mahjour Seyed Kourosh , Correia Manuel Gomes , Santos Antonio Alberto de Souza dos , Schiozer Denis José 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the role of geological uncertainties on reservoir management decisions requires an ensemble of reservoir models that cover the uncertain space of parameters. However, in most cases, high computation time is needed for the flow simulation step, which can have a negative impact on a suitable assessment of flow behavior. Therefore, one important point is to choose a few scenarios from the ensemble of models while preserving the geological uncertainty range. In this study, we present a statistical solution to select the representative models (RMs) based on a novel scheme of measuring the similarity between 3D flow-unit models. The proposed method includes the integration of multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis (IMC). IMC can be applied to the models before the simulation process to save time and costs. To check the validity of the methodology, numerical simulation and then uncertainty analysis are carried out on the RMs and full set. We create an ensemble of 200 3D flow-unit models through the Latin Hypercube sampling method. The models indicate the geological uncertainty range for properties such as permeability, porosity, and net-to-gross. This method is applied to a synthetic benchmark model named UNISIM-II-D and proves to offer good performance in reducing the number of models so that only 9% of the models in the ensemble (18 selected models from 200 models) can be sufficient for the uncertainty quantification if appropriate similarity measures and clustering methods are used.
Paleosalinity assessment and its influence on source rock deposition in the western Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea
Authors: Quan Yongbin , Liu Jianzhang , Hao Fang , Cai Zhongxian , Xie Yuhong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Paleosalinity is an important environmental feature but it is difficult to evaluate. In the present study, paleosalinity was assessed during the deposition of three sets of source rocks in the western Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea, utilizing four different kinds of methods, i.e., saturated hydrocarbon biomarkers, strontium abundance, non-pollen microalgae assemblies, and carbon-sulfur relationships.
Results show that the second member of the Eocene Wenchang Formation (E2w2) was deposited in a freshwater environment and the Oligocene Zhuhai Formation (E3z) was deposited in a shallow marine environment. The Oligocene Enping Formation (E3e), which was believed to be deposited in a freshwater environment, was actually deposited in a brackish water environment. Mechanisms of salinity increase during the non-marine E3e deposition were mainly deep hydrothermal fluid input through the south boundary fault and episodic marine transgressions, not evaporation. The effect of salinity on organic matter content and type was investigated. Results show that salinity has no significant influence on total organic carbon (TOC) and hydrogen index (HI) of the E2w2, which was caused by the balance between freshwater algae and euryhaline algae. TOC and HI decrease with increasing salinity for samples from the E3z, which is contrary to the conventional hypothesis that marine transgressions promote source rock deposition. The decrease of TOC with carbon/sulfur ratios for samples from the E3e actually reflect the influence of thermal maturity but thermal maturity only plays the second role in HI. The effect of salinity on HI during the E3e deposition can be divided into two stages. During the first stage, the increase of salinity was mainly caused by deep hydrothermal fluid input without an oxygen level increase. HI values, therefore, remained relatively stable. During the secondary stage, the increase of salinity was mainly caused by marine transgressions which increased the oxygen level and as a consequence, HI decreased sharply with increasing salinity.
This study provides a long-term salinity evolution of the western Pearl River Mouth Basin and suggests that salinity is an important factor controlling source rock deposition. In addition, this study presents an example that goes against conventional wisdom that marine transgressions promote source rock deposition in a shallow marine environment. This study also suggested that marine transgressions had already begun at the end of the early Oligocene.
Trends in long-stay admissions to a UK paediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Kanthimathinathan Hari Krishnan , Plunkett Adrian , Scholefield Barnaby R , Pearson Gale A , Morris Kevin P 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveProlonged admission to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) consumes significant healthcare resource. An increase in the number of long-stay admissions and bed utilisation has been reported elsewhere in the world but not in the UK. If an increasing trend of long-stay admissions is evident, this may have significant implications for provision of paediatric intensive care in the future.Design/setting/patientsWe retrospectively analysed prospectively collected data from Birmingham Children’s Hospital, UK, over a 20-year period from 1998 to 2017. PICU admissions, bed-days, length of stay and mortality trends were analysed and reported over four different epochs (1998–2002, 2003–2007, 2008–2012 and 2013–2017) for long-stay admissions (PICU length of stay ≥28 days) and others. Differences in patient demographics, diagnostic categorisation and hospital utilisation were also analysed.ResultsIn total, 24 203 admissions accounted for 131 553 bed-days over the 20-year period. 705 (2.9%) long-stay admissions accounted for 42 312 (32%) bed-days. Proportion of long-stay admissions and corresponding bed-days increased from 1.6% and 20.5% in 1998–2002 to 4.5% and 42.6%, respectively, in 2013–2017 (p<0.001). Long-stay patients had a significantly higher number of hospital admissions (median: 4 vs 2, p<0.001) per patient and overall hospital length of stay (median: 98 vs 15, p<0.001) bed-days compared with other patients. Long-stay admissions were associated with significantly higher crude mortality (23% vs 6%, p<0.001) compared with other admissions.ConclusionsA significant increase in the proportion of prolonged PICU admissions with disproportionately high resource utilisation and mortality is evident over two decades.
Are inequities decreasing? Birth registration for children under five in low-income and middle-income countries, 1999–2016
Authors: Bhatia Amiya , Krieger Nancy , Beckfield Jason , Barros Aluisio J D , Victora Cesar 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionAlthough global birth registration coverage has improved from 58% to 71% among children under five globally, inequities in birth registration coverage by wealth, urban/rural location, maternal education and access to a health facility persist. Few studies examine whether inequities in birth registration in low-income and middle-income countries have changed over time.MethodsWe combined information on caregiver reported birth registration of 1.6 million children in 173 publicly available, nationally representative Demographic Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys across 67 low-income and middle-income countries between 1999 and 2016. For each survey, we calculated point estimates and 95% CIs for the percentage of children under 5 years without birth registration on average and stratified by sex, urban/rural location and wealth. For each sociodemographic variable, we estimated absolute measures of inequality. We then examined changes in non-registration and inequities between surveys, and annually.Results14 out of 67 countries had achieved complete birth registration. Among the remaining 53 countries, 39 countries successfully decreased the percentage of children without birth registration. However, this reduction occurred alongside statistically significant increases in wealth inequities in 9 countries and statistically significant decreases in 10 countries. At the most recent survey, the percentage of children without birth registration was greater than 50% in 16 out of 67 countries.ConclusionAlthough birth registration improved on average, progress in reducing wealth inequities has been limited. Findings highlight the importance of monitoring changes in inequities to improve birth registration, to monitor Sustainable Development Goal 16.9 and to strengthen Civil Registration and Vital Statistics systems.
Randomised controlled trial to evaluate the influence of mHealth and eHealth skin cancer prevention education among young organ transplant recipients: the HIPPOlino intervention study
Authors: Böttcher Silke , Buck Christoph , Zeeb Hajo , Laschewski Gudrun , Hauer Carolin , Wagner Gunnar , Sachse Michael Max 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo determine whether a multicomponent sun protection intervention programme (mHealth) for young organ transplant recipients (OTR) leads to a higher increase of preventive knowledge and behavioural change than an e-learning education programme (eHealth).DesignRandomised controlled trial with one preintervention baseline survey and three follow-up surveys after 6 weeks, 6 and 12 months. Comparison of two different intervention schedules with a control group (CG).SettingMulticomponent sun protection trainings in Germany, the Netherlands and Austria between June 2013 and September 2015.Participants137 OTRs (5–22 years of age, 61 females/76 males) participated in the study.Interventions(A) Intervention group 1 (IG1): personal training with subsequent forwarding of individual ultraviolet index-dependent sun protection recommendations via short message service (SMS); (B) intervention group 2 (IG2): e-learning training without SMS; (C) CG: regular information letters, online training after 1 year.Outcome measuresKey questions were used to form a knowledge and a behavioural score. Behavioural strategies and knowledge were quantified through self-administered questionnaires.ResultsAnalyses 6 weeks after the intervention showed a higher knowledge increase in both IG compared with the CG (IG1 to CG: OR 12.64, 95% CI 4.20 to 38.20; IG2 to CG: OR 2.59, 95% CI 0.95 to 7.04). Sun protection behaviour improved slightly but not significantly in both IG (IG1 to CG: OR 2.56, 95% CI 0.93 to 7.00; IG2 to CG: OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.45 to 3.32). One year after the intervention, no behavioural changes were observed in either IG compared with the CG. IG1 but not IG2 still scored significantly higher in sun protection knowledge than the CG 1 year after intervention (IG1 to CG: OR 4.46, 95% CI 1.48 to 13.43; IG2 to CG: OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.51 to 3.93).ConclusionsThis multicomponent sun protection programme provides a promising strategy to increase sun protection knowledge and possibly also protective behaviour in young OTR.Trial registration numberDRKS00011393.
Mapping structure, process and outcomes in the removal of low-value care practices in Canadian intensive care units: protocol for a mixed-methods exploratory study
Authors: Parsons Leigh Jeanna , Petersen Jennie , de Grood Chloe , Whalen-Browne Liam , Niven Daniel , Stelfox Henry Thomas 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionThe challenge of implementing best evidence into clinical practice is a major problem in modern healthcare that can result in ineffective, inefficient and unsafe care. There is a growing body of literature which suggests that the removal or reduction of low-value care practices (ie, deadoption) is integral to the delivery of high-quality care and the sustainability of our healthcare system. However, currently very little is known about deadoption practices in Canada. We propose to map the current state of deadoption in Canadian intensive care units (ICUs). A key deliverable of this work will include development of an inventory of barriers, facilitators and potential implementation strategies for guiding the deadoption efforts.Methods and analysisWe will use Canadian adult general systems ICUs as our laboratory of investigation and employ a two-phased sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach: (1) semi-structured interviews with critical care stakeholders to develop an understanding of the structure (ie, healthcare context), process (ie, actions and events in healthcare) and outcomes (ie, effects on health status, quality, knowledge or behaviour) of deadoption (phase I) and (2) surveys with a broader sample of critical care stakeholders to further identify important barriers and facilitators, as well as potential implementation strategies (phase II). Interview data will be analysed through qualitative content analysis and survey data will be analysed through quantitative analyses to identify top barriers and facilitators, as well as top rated strategies.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained through the University of Calgary Research Ethics Board (REB 17–2153). Participants involved will have the opportunity to provide feedback on the final written reports to support accurate representation of the data. The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and oral presentations with critical care stakeholders across Canada. Patient and family partners will receive an executive summary of the findings.
Measuring discharge quality based on elderly patients’ experiences with discharge conversation: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Boge Ranveig Marie , Haugen Arvid Steinar , Nilsen Roy Miodini , Bruvik Frøydis , Harthug Stig 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundDischarge conversation is an essential part of preparing patients for the period after hospitalisation. Successful communication during such conversations is associated with improved health outcomes for patients.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between discharge conversation and discharge quality assessed by measuring elderly patients’ experiences.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we surveyed all patients ≥65 years who had been discharged from two medical units in two hospitals in Western Norway 30 days prior. We measured patient experiences using two previously validated instruments: The Discharge Care Experiences Survey Modified (DICARES-M) and The Nordic Patient Experiences Questionnaire (NORPEQ). We examined differences in characteristics between patients who reported having a discharge conversation with those who did not, and used regression analyses to examine the associations of the DICARES-M and NORPEQ with the usefulness of discharge conversation.ResultsOf the 1418 invited patients, 487 (34%) returned the survey. Their mean age was 78.5 years (SD=8.3) and 52% were women. The total sample mean scores for the DICARES-M and NORPEQ were 3.9 (SD=0.7, range: 1.5–5.0) and 4.0 (SD=0.7, range: 2.2–5.0), respectively. Higher DICARES-M and NORPEQ scores were found for patients who reported having a discharge conversation (74%) compared with those who did not (15%), or were unsure (11%) whether they had a conversation (p<0.001). Patients who considered the conversation more useful had significantly higher scores on both the DICARES-M and NORPEQ (p<0.001).ConclusionsReported discharge conversation at the hospital was correlated with positive patient experiences measurements indicating the increased quality of hospital discharge care. The reported usefulness of the conversation had a significant association with discharge care quality.
The preparation of Si/SiC composites by magnesium heat reduction of SiO2 aerogel and study on electrochemistry properties
Authors: Dong Bowen , Deng Bingbing , Liu Yangai 
Published: December 2019

Silicon, an anode material for lithium ion batteries, has the highest theoretical specific capacity ([Formula: see text] mAh/g). The actual lithium storage capacity of [Formula: see text] mAh/g is about 10 times that of the graphite anode materials class. This study involves magnesium heat reduction of the SiO2 preparation of silicon carbon composites. The Si/SiC composite shows a high initial specific capacity of 1406.7 mAh/g with a current density of 0.1 A/g. The morphology and pore size inherited from the SiO2 aerogel counteracts the volume expansion during the lithiation/delithiation process. This paper provides an articulate methodology for designing silicon anode material for high-performance rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
Interfacial bonding of chromium-doped copper/diamond composites fabricated by powder metallurgy method
Authors: Jia Shanquan , Su Yu , Bolzoni Leandro , Yang Fei 
Published: December 2019

Copper/diamond composites can be used as heat-sink materials for high-power electronic devices due to their potential high thermal conductivity. However, it is challenging to obtain well-bonded interface between the copper matrix and the diamond particles. In this paper, we fabricated copper/diamond composites with [Formula: see text] wt.% of chromium additive ([Formula: see text], 3 and 7.4, and the corresponding composite was referred to as 1Cr-Cu/Dia, 3Cr-Cu/Dia and 7Cr-Cu/Dia, respectively) by hot forging of powder preforms. Results showed that only Cr3C2 interfacial layer formed between the copper matrix and the diamond particles for the 1Cr-Cu/Dia and 3Cr-Cu/Dia composites with a thickness of about 100 and 500 nm, respectively. A Cr/Cr3C2 dual layer interface formed in the 7Cr-Cu/Dia composite and its thickness was [Formula: see text]m. The coverage of diamond surface by the interface layer increased with increasing the adding amount of chromium in the composites. The 3Cr-Cu/Dia composite achieved the highest relative density and bonding strength, comparing to 1Cr-Cu/Dia and 7Cr-Cu/Dia composites, attributed to the formation of an optimal interface structure.
How not to be overwhelmed by obvious advice
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: December 2019

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
With unprecedented access to information, the internet can be a source of useful material. However many times, so-called experts share specious advice. In this article, Phil Yaffe addresses a widely discussed topic, clear writing, and dives deeper to fix the flaws found in regurgitated writing advice.