bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between dementia severity and hospitalisation profile in a newly assessed clinical cohort: the South London and Maudsley case register
Authors: Gungabissoon Usha , Perera Gayan , Galwey Nicholas W , Stewart Robert 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the risk and common causes of hospitalisation in patients with newly diagnosed dementia and variation by severity of cognitive impairment.SettingWe used data from a large London mental healthcare case register linked to a national hospitalisation database.ParticipantsIndividuals aged ≥65 years with newly diagnosed dementia with recorded cognitive function and the catchment population within the same geography.Outcome measuresWe evaluated the risk and duration of hospitalisation in the year following a dementia diagnosis. In addition we identified the most common causes of hospitalisation and calculated age-standardised and gender-standardised admission ratios by dementia severity (mild/moderate/severe) relative to the catchment population.ResultsOf the 5218 patients with dementia, 2596 (49.8%) were hospitalised in the year following diagnosis. The proportion of individuals with mild, moderate and severe dementia who had a hospital admission was 47.9%, 50.8% and 51.7%, respectively (p= 0.097). Duration of hospital stay increased with dementia severity (median 2 days in mild to 4 days in severe dementia, p 0.0001). After excluding readmissions for the same cause, the most common primary hospitalisation discharge diagnoses among patients with dementia were urinary system disorders, pneumonia and fracture of femur, accounting for 15%, 10% and 6% of admissions, respectively. Overall, patients with dementia were hospitalised 30% more than the catchment population, and this trend was observed for most of the discharge diagnoses evaluated. Standardised admission ratios for urinary and respiratory disorders were higher in those with more severe dementia at diagnosis.ConclusionsIndividuals with a dementia diagnosis were more likely to be hospitalised than individuals in the catchment population. The length of hospital stay increased with dementia severity. Most of the common causes of hospitalisation were more common than expected relative to the catchment population, but standardised admission ratios only varied by dementia stage for certain groups of conditions.
Analytic derivation of the photon structure function $$F^{\gamma }_{2} (x,Q^{2})$$ at the leading order and the next-to-leading order approximations based on the Laplace transform method
Authors: Dadfar S. , Zarrin S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present the analytical solutions, based on the Laplace transform method, for the Dokshitzer–Gribov–Lipatov–Altarelli–Parisi evolution equations of the photon at the leading order (LO) and next-to-leading order (NLO) approximations in perturbative QCD. Using these solutions, we derive the singlet, non-singlet, gluon, and photon distribution functions of the photon and also the photon structure function$$F^{\gamma }_{2} (x,Q^{2})$$F2γ(x,Q2)at the LO and NLO approximations. We show that the resulting distribution functions are in agreement with the results of the parameterization model formulated by Gluck, Reya, and Vogt (GRV) (Phys Rev D 46(5):1973, 1992). Moreover, our numerical results of$$F^{\gamma }_{2} (x,Q^{2})$$F2γ(x,Q2)are comparable with the results achieved by Aurenche, Fontannaz, and Guillet (AFG) (Eur Phys J C Part Fields 44(3):395–409, 2005) and also with the experimental data released by the L3, DELPHI, OPAL, ALEPH and PLUTO collaborations.
Bulk-boundary correspondence in non-Hermitian systems: stability analysis for generalized boundary conditions
Authors: Koch Rebekka , Budich Jan Carl 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe bulk-boundary correspondence (BBC), i.e. the direct relation between bulk topological invariants defined for infinite periodic systems and the occurrence of protected zero-energy surface states in finite samples, is a ubiquitous and widely observed phenomenon in topological matter. In non-Hermitian generalizations of topological systems, however, this fundamental correspondence has recently been found to be qualitatively altered, largely owing to the sensitivity of non-Hermitian eigenspectra to changing the boundary conditions. In this work, we report on two contributions towards comprehensively explaining this remarkable behavior unique to non-Hermitian systems with theory. First, we analytically solve paradigmatic non-Hermitian topological models for their zero-energy modes in the presence of generalized boundary conditions interpolating between open and periodic boundary conditions, thus explicitly following the breakdown of the conventional BBC. Second, addressing the aforementioned spectral fragility of non-Hermitian matrices, we investigate as to what extent the modified non-Hermitian BBC represents a robust and generically observable phenomenon.Graphical abstract
Experimental study of wind load on tree using scaled fractal tree model
Authors: Chan Woei Leong , Cui Yongdong , Jadhav Siddharth Sunil , Khoo Boo Cheong , Lee Heow Pueh , Lim Chi Wan Calvin , Gobeawan Like , Wise Daniel Joseph , Ge Zhengwei , Poh Hee Joo , Raghavan Venugopalan , Lin Ervine Shengwei , Burcham Daniel Christopher 
Published: April 2020

Green urbanism has stimulated more research on the aerodynamics of tree in recent years. The insight gained in studying wind load on trees would mitigate risk of tree falling and enable sustainable landscape planning. However, deciphering the effect of wind on trees is a daunting task because trees come in various species, shapes and sizes. In this study, we aim at conducting wind tunnel tests on various species of trees, including measuring the respective drag coefficient and turbulent flow field using a force balance and particle image velocimetry system. The wind tunnel experiment is conducted using scaled down fractal tree model at 10 and 15 m/s. The 3D-printed tree model is grown based on the data collected on the species-specific tree parameters, such as the height, trunk diameters, crown box dimensions, etc. In this paper, the wind tunnel result of Yellow Flame (Peltophorum pterocarpum) is presented. Results show that the drag coefficient for this inflexible tree model is not sensitive to wind speed. The Reynolds shear stress and turbulence kinetic energy are observed to be the largest at the top and bottom of the crown where the velocity gradients are the highest.
The high-pressure study of nanocrystalline CeO2
Authors: Xiong Lun , Liang Bi , Li Bin , Tu Pu , Miao Fang , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: April 2020

The structure and properties of the nanosized [Formula: see text] under high pressure have been investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction in the diamond anvil cell combined with the first-principle methods based on density functional theory. The experimental data demonstrate that nanosized [Formula: see text] is highly stable upto 31.3 GPa and bulk modulus is [Formula: see text] GPa. The calculated results by [Formula: see text] indicate that [Formula: see text] undergoes structural transition from cubic fluorite-type structure to orthorhombic [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-type structure at 20 GPa. The indirect band gap [Formula: see text] is 1.89 eV and increases with the increasing pressure while it suddenly reduces to 1.62 eV at transition pressure. The transition pressure calculated by GGA is 40.3 GPa.
Dose-Response Relationship Between Intracoronary Acetylcholine and Minimal Lumen Diameter in Coronary Endothelial Function Testing of Women and Men With Angina and No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Pargaonkar Vedant S. , Lee Justin H. , Chow Eric K.H. , Nishi Takeshi , Ball Robyn L. , Kobayashi Yuhei , Kimura Takumi , Lee David P. , Stefanick Marcia L. , Fearon William F. , Yeung Alan C. , Tremmel Jennifer A. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Intracoronary acetylcholine (Ach) provocation testing is the gold standard for assessing coronary endothelial function. However, dosing regimens of Ach are quite varied in the literature, and there are limited data evaluating the optimal dose. We evaluated the dose-response relationship between Ach and minimal lumen diameter (MLD) by sex and studied whether incremental intracoronary Ach doses given during endothelial function testing improve its diagnostic utility.

Methods:
We evaluated 65 men and 212 women with angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease who underwent endothelial function testing using the highest tolerable dose of intracoronary Ach, up to 200 μg. Epicardial endothelial dysfunction was defined as a decrease in MLD >20% after intracoronary Ach by quantitative coronary angiography. We used a linear mixed effects model to evaluate the dose-response relationship. Deming regression analysis was done to compare the %MLD constriction after incremental doses of intracoronary Ach.

Results:

The mean age was 53.5 years. Endothelial dysfunction was present in 186 (68.1%). Among men with endothelial dysfunction, there was a significant decrease in MLD/10 µg of Ach at doses above 50 μg and 100 µg, while this decrease in MLD was not observed in women (
P
<0.001). The %MLD constriction at 20 μg versus 50 μg and 50 μg versus 100 μg were not equivalent while the %MLD constriction at 100 μg versus 200 μg were equivalent.

Conclusions:
Women and men appear to have different responses to Ach during endothelial function testing. In addition to having a greater response to intracoronary Ach at all doses, men also demonstrate an Ach-MLD dose-response relationship with doses up to 200 μg, while women have minimal change in MLD with doses above 50 µg. An incremental dosing regimen during endothelial function testing appears to improve the diagnostic utility of the test and should be adjusted based on the sex of the patient.
Living with Uncertainty: Modeling China's Nuclear Survivability
Authors: Riqiang Wu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Many strategists argue that to deter a nuclear attack, states must be certain of their ability to retaliate after a nuclear first strike. China's nuclear posture of uncertain retaliation suggests an alternative logic. Given the catastrophic consequences of a nuclear attack, uncertain retaliation can have a strong deterrent effect, and assured retaliation is not necessary. A simplified nuclear exchange model developed to evaluate China's nuclear retaliatory capabilities against the Soviet Union in 1984 and the United States in 2000 and 2010 shows that China's nuclear retaliatory capability has been and remains far from assured. In its 2010 Nuclear Posture Review Report, the United States promised to maintain strategic stability with China; therefore, the 2010 scenario can be considered as a baseline for China-U.S. strategic stability. Both China and the United States are developing or modernizing their strategic offensive and defensive weapons. The technical competition between China and the United States favors each in different ways. A hypothetical scenario of China versus the United States in 2025 reveals that China-U.S. strategic stability will likely be maintained at no lower than its 2010 level.
Penetration of Wind-Generated Near-Inertial Waves into a Turbulent Ocean
Authors: Asselin Olivier , Young William R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn idealized storm scenario is examined in which a wind-generated inertial wave interacts with a turbulent baroclinic quasigeostrophic flow. The flow is initialized by spinning up an Eady model with a stratification profile based on observations. The storm is modeled as an initial value problem for a mixed layer confined, horizontally uniform inertial oscillation. The primordial inertial oscillation evolves according to the phase-averaged model of Young and Ben Jelloul. Waves feed back onto the flow by modifying the potential vorticity. In the first few days, refraction dominates and wave energy is attracted (repelled) by regions of negative (positive) vorticity. Wave energy is subsequently drained down into the interior ocean guided by anticyclonic vortices. This drainage halts as wave energy encounters weakening vorticity. After a week or two, wave energy accumulates at the bottom of negative vorticity features, that is, along filamentary structures at shallow depths and in larger anticyclonic vortices at greater depths. Wave feedback tends to weaken vortices and thus slows the penetration of waves into the ocean interior. This nonlinear effect, however, is weak even for vigorous storms.
Identification of knee osteoarthritis disability phenotypes regarding activity limitation: a cluster analysis
Authors: Vongsirinavarat Mantana , Nilmart Patcharin , Somprasong Sirikarn , Apinonkul Benjawan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Studies have reported the subtypes of individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) attempting to cluster this heterogonous condition. Activity limitations are commonly used to set goals in knee OA management and better identify subgroups based on level of disability in this patient population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify those activity limitations which could classify the disability phenotypes of knee OA. The phenotypes were also validated by comparing impairments and participation restrictions.

Methods
Participants comprised individuals with symptomatic knee OA. They were interviewed and undertook physical examination according to a standard evaluation forms based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model. Cluster analysis was used to determine those activity limitations which could best classify the phenotypes of knee OA. To validate the clustered variables, comparisons and regression analysis were performed for the impairments consisting of pain intensity, passive range of motion and muscle strength, and the participation restrictions included the difficulty level of acquiring goods and services and community life.

Results
In all, 250 participants with symptomatic knee OA were enrolled in the study. Three activity limitations identified from data distribution and literature were used as the cluster variables, included the difficulty level of maintaining a standing position, timed stair climbing and 40-m self-paced walk test. The analysis showed four phenotypes of individuals with knee OA according to the levels of disability from no to severe level of disability. All parameters of impairment and participation restrictions significantly differed among phenotypes. Subgroups with greater disability experienced worse pain intensity, limited range of motion (ROM), muscle power and participation restriction levels. The variance accounted for of the subgroups were also greater than overall participants.

Conclusion
The results of this study emphasized the heterogeneous natures of knee OA. Three activity limitations identified could classify the individuals with symptomatic knee OA to homogeneous subgroups from no to severe level of disability. The management plan, based on these homogeneous subgroups of knee OA, could be designated by considering the levels of impairments and participation restrictions.
Comparison of the clinical outcomes of percutaneous vertebroplasty vs. kyphoplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic Kümmell’s disease:a prospective cohort study
Authors: Chang Jian-Zhong , Bei Ming-Jian , Shu Dong-Ping , Sun Cheng-Jun , Chen Ji-Bin , Xiao Ya-Ping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) are widely used in the treatment of Kümmell’s disease. The purpose of this article is to investigate the clinical efficacy of PVP and PKP for Kümmell’s disease.

Methods
The clinical data that 56 cases of Kümmell’s disease treated with either PVP (28 cases) or PKP (28 cases) from December 2015 to December 2017 were prospectively analyzed. Gender, age, course of disease, injury segment, bone mineral density (BMD), visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), imaging measurement indexes before surgery between the two groups showed no significant difference (all P > 0.05). The bone cement leakage rate, bone cement injection amount, operation time, VAS, ODI, the rate of vertebral compression, correction rate of kyphosis and refracture rate of adjacent vertebra in 2 years were compared between the two groups to calculate clinical efficacy.

Results
The two groups were followed up for 24–48 months. There was no significant difference in the follow-up time, amount of bone cement injected, incidence of bone cement leakage and refracture rate of adjacent vertebrae between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and fluoroscopy times of the PVP group were significantly lower than those of the PKP group (all P = 0.000). VAS score and ODI of the two groups were significantly lower at 1 day, 1 year and 2 years after surgery than before surgery (all P < 0.05), but there was not statistically significant difference between the two groups at each time point after surgery (all P > 0.05). The rate of vertebral compression and kyphosis correction in the two groups were significantly corrected (P < 0.05, respectively) and decreased significantly with time (all P < 0.05), But there was not significant difference between the two groups at any time point (all P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Both PVP and PKP can achieve similar effects in the treatment of Kümmell’s disease. Because the cost, operation time, blood loss, radiation exposure and surgical procedure of PVP are less than those of PKP, PVP has more clinical priority value.
Hospital survey on patient safety culture (HSOPSC): a multi-method approach for target-language instrument translation, adaptation, and validation to improve the equivalence of meaning for cross-cultural research
Authors: Palmieri Patrick A. , Leyva-Moral Juan M. , Camacho-Rodriguez Doriam E. , Granel-Gimenez Nina , Ford Eric W. , Mathieson Kathleen M. , Leafman Joan S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) is widely utilized in multiple languages across the world. Despite culture and language variations, research studies from Latin America use the Spanish language HSOPSC validated for Spain and the United States. Yet, these studies fail to report the translation method, cultural adaptation process, and the equivalence assessment strategy. As such, the psychometric properties of the HSOPSC are not well demonstrated for cross-cultural research in Latin America, including Peru. The purpose of this study was to develop a target-language HSOPSC for cross-cultural research in Peru that asks the same questions, in the same manner, with the same intended meaning, as the source instrument.MethodsThis study used a mixed-methods approach adapted from the translation guideline recommended by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The 3-phase, 7-step process incorporated translation techniques, pilot testing, cognitive interviews, clinical participant review, and subject matter expert evaluation.ResultsThe instrument was translated and evaluated in 3 rounds of cognitive interview (CI). There were 37 problem items identified in round 1 (14 clarity, 12 cultural, 11 mixed); and resolved to 4 problems by round 3. The pilot-testing language clarity inter-rater reliability was S-CVI/Avg = 0.97 and S-CVI/UA = 0.86; and S-CVI/Avg = 0.96 and S-CVI/UA = 0.83 for cultural relevance. Subject matter expert agreement in matching items to the correct dimensions was substantially equivalent (Kappa = 0.72). Only 1 of 12 dimensions had a low Kappa (0.39), borderline fair to moderate. The remaining dimensions performed well (7 = almost perfect, 2 = substantial, and 2 = moderate).ConclusionsThe HSOPSC instrument developed for Peru was markedly different from the other Spanish-language versions. The resulting items were equivalent in meaning to the source, despite the new language and different cultural context. The analysis identified negatively worded items were problematic for target-language translation. With the limited literature about negatively worded items in the context of cross-cultural research, further research is necessary to evaluate this finding and the recommendation to include negatively worded items in instruments. This study demonstrates cross-cultural research with translated instruments should adhere to established guidelines, with cognitive interviews, based on evidence-based strategies.
People with multimorbidity in outpatient care: patient-focused and needs-oriented healthcare management (MamBo) – protocol for a multiperspective evaluation study
Authors: Richter Simone , Demirer Ibrahim , Choi Kyung-Eun , Hartrampf Johannes , Pfaff Holger , Karbach Ute 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
With demographic change, the number of noncommunicable diseases, chronic diseases and multimorbidity is increasing, and so is the demand for health services. This represents a further challenge for the healthcare system. An adequate and efficient treatment of multimorbid patients requires a well-structured, informed and cross-indicated treatment. Therefore, a new form of coordinated, managed and cross-sectoral care for multimorbid patients - the “MamBo” care model - has been developed. Along with the implementation of MamBo, a process and outcome evaluation will be carried out, which is described in this study protocol. The aim of the study is to evaluate the care model according to its implementation process and effectiveness.

Methods
The MamBo-care model will be evaluated in multi-perspective terms. Thus, a process and outcome evaluation with several data sources will be conducted: (1) Annual focus groups and individual interviews with those involved in the process. (2) Various primary data, including surveys of patients, physicians and practice staff at the time of enrolment and 1 year later to enable pre-post comparison. (3) Claim data from the health insurance of the MamBo population in comparison to a comparative population, formed by the propensity score matching method. (4) Process data of the care management. The analysis of qualitative data will be carried out by content analysis according to Mayring. For the analysis of the quantitative data, multivariate analyses are planned.

Discussion
A new form of coordinated care has been introduced to improve intersectoral care of multimorbid patients and reduce the workload on physicians. The effects of the MamBo care model are being investigated for patients, physicians and the cost units. The results will form the basis for the decision whether the care model should be transferred to standard care and what needs to be taken into account for implementation.

Trial registration
The study was retrospectively registered in the German Register for Clinical Studies (DRKS00014047) on June 28, 2019.