bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Gestion Urbaine Ã Lâ€™Ã©preuve de la DÃ©centralisation Ã Richard-Toll : des Structures Perfectibles Ã Un DÃ©veloppement Local LimitÃ©
Authors: SÃ¨ne Massar 
Published: September 2020

Richard-Toll se situe Ã 106 km au Nord de Saint-Louis, dans le dÃ©partement de Dagana au SÃ©nÃ©gal. Son dÃ©veloppement communal est organisÃ© autour des outils de planification. Les actions de coopÃ©ration menÃ©es par la municipalitÃ© sâ€™arriment Ã celles existant entre la rÃ©gion de Saint-Louis et le dÃ©partement Nord-Pas-De-Calais. Cette recherche poursuit un double objectif. Dâ€™une part, elle se propose dâ€™analyser la gestion urbaine dans un contexte de dÃ©centralisation Ã travers la description des acteurs impliquÃ©s. Dâ€™autre part, elle dÃ©crit les diffÃ©rents projets de dÃ©veloppement socioÃ©conomiques et culturels de la municipalitÃ©. Pour y parvenir, une investigation de terrain Ã travers des mÃ©nages a Ã©tÃ© rÃ©alisÃ©e pour analyser la perception des populations sur la gestion municipale et budgÃ©taire, en relation avec les outils de planification et de mise en Å“uvre. Les rÃ©sultats obtenus montrent que la commune de Richard-Toll entorse la rÃ©glementation par une sÃ©rie de dÃ©cisions ne respectant pas la loi rÃ©gissant le fonctionnement des communes : nombre de conseillers municipaux, contrats des agents communaux.
Richard Toll is located 106 km north of St-Louis in the department of Dagana. The city council has launched a development plan that depends on the cooperation between the region of St -Louis and the department of Pas de Calais in France. The focus of this research is in two fold. Firstly, it proposes to analyze urban management in the context of decentralization through the description of the actors involved. Secondly, it describes the various socioeconomic and cultural development projects of the municipality. In achieving this, a field investigation through households was carried out to analyze the perception of the populations on municipal and budgetary management, in relation to the planning and implementation tools. The results obtained show that the municipality of Richard-Toll twists the regulations by a series of decisions which do not respect the law governing the functioning of the municipalities: number of municipal councillors and contracts of municipal agents.
Antonio Brand, el que supo escuchar a los Guaraní
Authors: Melià Bartomeu 
Published: September 2020

Antonio Brand, a pesar de nuestra amistad de años y en situaciones donde era él la persona principal, siempre me trataba formalmente como “o señor”. No me atreví a decir le que fuese conmigo menos formal. Puede parecer una anécdota baladí, pero quiero comenzar por ella para señalar que era una característica del modo de ser de Antonio era su “educación”, hacia parte de una forma de relación tradicional y respetuosa, que sin duda venía de sus padres y familia.
Contribuições de Antonio Brand para a história indígena, para o indigenismo e para a consolidação das instituições de pesquisa em Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Pereira Levi Marques 
Published: September 2020

Conheci o professor Brand, em 1982, quando ele vivia na casa paroquial no distrito de Vila São Pedro, Dourados, MS. Na época, ele coordenava o Conselho Indigenista Missioná-rio, CIMI, em MS e desenvolvia um projeto piloto com roças na Reserva Indígena de Caarapó. Antecipando preocupações que ganhariam centralidade na agenda política dos Kaiowá e Guarani em décadas futuras, Brand já se empenhava em apoiar a construção da organização indígena.
Circulando com os meninos: participação e aprendizado da criança Xakriabá na exploração do território e da atividade da caça
Authors: Da Silva Rogério Correia 
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo é parte da pesquisa que buscou investigara infância vivida pelas crianças indígenas Xakriabá, caracterizando associabilidades e aprendizados que confi guram sua educação, especifi -camente a vivência cotidiana em seu grupo familiar e sua participaçãonas atividades do grupo. Os Xakriabá habitam a região sudeste dopaís ao norte do Estado de Minas Gerais, com aproximadamente oitomil pessoas, constituindo a maior população indígena do estado. Significativas mudanças nos últimos anos contribuíram para o aumentode sua população, sendo mais da metade composta por crianças ejovens. Elegemos a circulação das crianças pelo território indígenacomo fi o condutor de nossa descrição etnográfi ca sobre a infância dosmeninos Xakriabá. As trilhas e estradas da Terra Indígena nas quaisadultos e crianças circulavam diariamente eram marcadas por umacoexistência pacífi ca ou não com os não humanos como os espíritosdos mortos (as aleivosias), os seres encantados e as cobras. Para ascrianças, acrescentaríamos que o caminhar pelo território tambémera marcado pela tensão na convivência com os cachorros, deixandotransparecer aos olhos do pesquisador a relação de distância ou proximidadedas crianças com os moradores das casas a que pertenciamos animais. A circulação das crianças pela aldeia constitui um temade estudo da infância indígena que ganha novos matizes à medidaque vamos conhecendo aspectos sociais relacionados à educação dacriança nos diversos grupos indígenas. É acompanhando os meninosacima de 10 anos em suas caminhadas pela terra indígena que vamosidentifi cando os espaços e as diversas atividades de que participam.Faremos a leitura dessa circulação, participação e aprendizados dascrianças num estreito diálogo com teorias (LAVE; WENGER, 2003;ROGOFF et al, 2004; INGOLD, 2001), que tratam de processos de aprendizagem de práticas sociais. A caçada constitui uma prática que, apesar dereduzida, contraria toda uma tendência de entrada no território de bens culturais domundo não índio, estabelecendo assim fortes referências (junto com o trabalho naroça) na constituição identitária do grupo.Palavras-chave: crianças indígenas; aprendizagem; participação; antropologia; caçadas.
APONTAMENTOS SOBRE GÊNERO E VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA MULHERES INDÍGENAS EM AMAMBAI – MS (2007-2014)
Authors: Zimmerman Tânia Regina , Viana Ana Evanir Alves 
Published: September 2020

Resumo: Esta pesquisa objetiva entender algumas formas de violência doméstica perpetradas contra mulheres indígenas em aldeamentos no município de Amambai, MS a partir de 2007 até o tempo presente. Na questão de gênero, as mulheres indígenas estão entre as mais gravemente afetadas por violências múltiplas e permanecem na perspectiva da vitimização. Além dos boletins de ocorrência e processos crimes realizamos entrevistas com mulheres indígenas vítimas desta forma de violência bem como com pessoas envolvidas nestas situações de conflito. Destarte, torna-se importante uma pesquisa que evidencie silêncios destas mulheres bem como dê visibilidade e dizibilidade às formas de violência doméstica exercidas contra estas mulheres indígenas da região a partir da perspectiva de gênero. Palavras-chave: mulheres indígenas, violência doméstica, relações de gênero
Features of Structural and Functional Changes in the Heart in Elderly Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Folomeeva L. I. , Filippov E. V. 
Published: September 2020

Supraventricular arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation (AF), are a current problem for patients in the older age group due to the possibility of lifethreatening complications. Elderly patients have pre-conditions for the development of supraventricular rhythm disturbances (age-related structural and functional changes in the myocardium, concomitant diseases).Aim. To study the features of structural and functional changes in the myocardium of the left heart in elderly patients, depending on the presence of supraventricular arrhythmias.Material and methods. The cross-sectional study included 200 individuals aged 60 to 89 years. All participants underwent echocardiographic examination and 24-hour electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. The patients of the study cohort were divided into 3 groups: group 1 consisted of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) without heart rhythm disturbances (n=80); group 2 consisted of patients with CHD and paroxysmal AF (n=40); group 3 consisted of patients with CHD and supraventricular extrasystoles (n=40). The control group consisted of patients of the older age group without CHD and rhythm disturbances (n=40).Results. In patients with paroxysmal AF and frequent supraventricular extrasystoles, large sizes of the left atrium were revealed (anteroposterior dimension: 4.30±0.07 and 4.12±0.12 cm; upper-lower: 6.15±0.03 and 5.96±0.10 cm; medial-lateral: 4.15±0.11 and 3.87±0.09 cm, respectively). In patients with CHD and rhythm disturbances, the presence of a combined increase in the size of the left atrium and a decrease in myocardial contractility was revealed (ejection fraction of the left atrium in groups 2 and 3 – 27.2±0.1% and 27.9±0.1%, respectively, vs 36.3±0.1% and 38.20±0.02%, respectively in group 1 and control). The duration of ischemic changes during 24-hour ECG monitoring was also greater in group 3 compared with groups 1 and 2 (249.6 vs 27.1 and 66.4 min, respectively). In groups 2 and 3, a discordant effect of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems on heart rate variability was revealed.Conclusion. For elderly patients, morphological and functional changes are characteristic, which consist in the restructuring of the myocardium and changes in heart rate variability with a prevalence of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system.
A high-resolution, spatially explicit estimate of fossil-fuel CO2 emissions from the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan
Authors: Cong Richao , Saito Makoto , Fukui Tetsuo , Hirata Ryuichi , Ito Akihiko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The quantification of urban greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is an important task in combating climate change. Emission inventories that include spatially explicit emission estimates facilitate the accurate tracking of emission changes, identification of emission sources, and formulation of policies for climate-change mitigation. Many currently available gridded emission estimates are based on the disaggregation of country- or state-wide emission estimates, which may be useful in describing city-wide emissions but are of limited value in tracking changes at subnational levels. Urban GHG emissions should therefore be quantified with a true bottom-up approach. Results: Multi-resolution, spatially explicit estimates of fossil-fuel carbon dioxide (FFCO2) emissions from the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan, were derived. Spatially explicit emission data were collected for point (e.g., power plants and waste incinerators), line (mostly traffic), and area (e.g., residential and commercial areas) sources. Emissions were mapped on the basis of emission rates calculated for source locations. Activity, emissions, and spatial data were integrated, and the results were visualized using a geographic information system approach.Conclusions: The annual total FFCO2 emissions from the Tokyo Metropolis in 2014 were 43,916 Gg CO2, with the road-transportation sector (16,323 Gg CO2) accounting for 37.2% of the total. Spatial emission patterns were verified via a comparison with the East Asian Air Pollutant Emission Grid Database for Japan (EAGrid-Japan) and the Open‐source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC), which demonstrated the applicability of this methodology to other prefectures and therefore the entire country.
Beyond knowledge acquisition: factors influencing family planning utilization among women in conservative communities in Rural Burundi.
Authors: HAKIZIMANA SONIA , Odjidja Emmanuel Nene 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background With a fertility rate of 5.4 children per woman, Burundi has been ranked as seventh highest country with the highest fertility rate in the world. Family planning is known to allow couples to achieve the desired family size, appropriate space birth and the limitation of pregnancies. Also, family planning can contribute to mitigating some health issues such as unintended pregnancies and abortions all of which, are often associated with multi-parity. In conservative community in rural Burundi, knowledge on family planning is high and such services are free yet utilisation is low. Employing a mixed methods, this study first quantifies contraceptive prevalence and second, explore the contextual multilevel factors associated with low family planning utilisation among married women.Methods An explanatory sequential mixed study was conducted. Five hundred and thirty women in union were interviewed using structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Next, 11 focus group discussions were held with community members composed of married men and women, administrative and religious leaders (n=132). The study was conducted in eighteen collines of two health districts of Vyanda and Rumonge in provinces of Bururi and Rumonge respectively. Quantitative data was analysed with SPSS and qualitative data was coded and deductive thematic methods were applied to find themes and codes.Results The overall contraceptive prevalence was 22.6%. Injectables (40%), Implants (24.6%), Male condom (10.8%) and pills (6.2%) were the major contraceptive methods utilized by study participants. Factors inhibiting family planning use emanated from a range of issues which were identified during the qualitative phase. Notable among those was experiencing side effects and costs associated with its management in the health system. Religious conceptualisation and ancestral negative beliefs of family planning had also shaped how people perceived it. Furthermore, at the household level, gender imbalances between spouses had resulted in break in communication, also serving as a factor for non-use of family planning. Conclusion The study suggests that low uptake of family planning can be attributed to perceived or experienced side effects as well as deeply rooted negative beliefs which are reinforced by religious beliefs. Men and religious leaders’ involvement in family planning initiatives can positively impact behaviour change and increase family planning acceptance.
Genome-wide Identification of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Common Bean
Authors: Binagwa Papias Hongera , Traore Sy M. , Egnin Marceline , Bernard Gregory C. , Ritte Inocent , Mortley Desmond , Kamfwa Kelvin , He Guohao , Bonsi Conrad C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) was utilized to detect genetic variations related to the powdery mildew (PM) resistance and several agronomic traits in common bean. However, its application in common bean and the PM interactions to identify genes and their location in the common bean genome has not been fully addressed. Results: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) through marker-trait association are useful molecular tools for the identification of disease resistance and other agronomic traits. SNP genotyping with a BeadChip containing 5398 SNPs was used to detect genetic variations related to resistance to PM disease in a panel of 206 genotypes grown under field conditions for two consecutive years. Significant SNPs identified on chromosomes 4 and 10 (Pv04 and Pv10) were repeatable, confirming the reliability of the phenotypic data scored from the genotypes grown in two locations within two years. A cluster of resistance genes was revealed on the chromosome 4 of common bean genome among which CNL and TNL like resistance genes were identified. Furthermore, two resistance genes Phavu_010G1320001g and Phavu_010G136800g were also identified on Pv10; further sequence analysis showed that these genes were homologs to the Arabidopsis disease resistance protein (RLM1A-like) and the putative disease resistance protein (At4g11170.1), respectively. Two LRR receptor-like kinases (RLK) were also identified on Pv11 in samples collected in 2018 only. Many genes encoding auxin-responsive protein, TIFY10A protein, growth-regulating factor 5-like, ubiquitin-like protein, cell wall protein RBR3-like protein related to PM resistance were identified nearby significant SNPs. These results suggested that the resistance to PM pathogen involves a network of many genes constitutively co-expressed and may generate several layers of defense barriers or inducible reactions.Conclusion: Our results provide new insights into common bean and PM interactions, and revealed putative resistance genes as well as their location on common bean genome that could be used for marker-assisted selection, functional genomic study approaches to confirm the role of these putative genes; hence, developing common bean resistance lines to the PM disease.
Effect of Sterilized Rumen Fluid Supplementation Ways in Lactation Period on Rumen Microflora of Calves after Weaning
Authors: Lin Xueyan , Zhang Tian , Jiang Yue , Hou Qiuling , Wang Yun , Hu zhiyong , Wang zhonghua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The presence of the rumen makes the ruminant special, and the ruminal microbes has an important influence on the ruminant. The rumen have an important developed in young ruminants. This study want to investigate the ecological function of rumen fluid environmen from high-yielding dairy cows and effect of feeding of rumen fluid to suckling calves. For the experiment, 12 newborn Holstein male calves with the same feeding environment and similar ages were selected. They were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 4 in each group. The three treatments were: addition of sterilized rumen fluid to milk (Group M), addition of sterilized rumen fluid to starter feed (Group S), and control group fed milk and starter feed(Group C). The growth performance indices and blood indices were measured, and rumen fluid samples were collected after weaning,which used for 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS metabolome detection were performed. Results: Compared with the control group, the growth performance of group S was significantly increased. For the rumen fluid microbiome and metabolome detection, both groups M and S showed significant differences from group C.Conclusions: The microbes and metabolites were different due to different supplementary feeding methods. Metabolites with differential levels were mainly involved in metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. These numerical differences indicate that there are specific ruminal microbes structures in the rumen fluid of high-yielding cows, which promoting better development of animals.
Social Media Perceptions of Clubfoot Treatment: A Global Observational Study
Authors: Keil Evan J , Shaikh Hashim , Navarro Sergio M , Dube Andile , Yao Lilian E , Sheik-Ali Sharaf , Ncube Thando , Lavy Chris 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Clubfoot is a debilitating congenital anomaly that is often under treated in lower- and middle-income countries. There exists an active social media community with regards to clubfoot on both Instagram and Twitter. The purpose of this observational study was to investigate shared content related to clubfoot on social media. Methods: A search for public posts on social media regarding clubfoot was performed from October 31st, 2018 to October 31st, 2019. Three hashtags on Instagram and Twitter were analyzed: #clubfootsurgery, #clubfoot, and #clubfootmommas. Data was analyzed using Chi-squared tests with significance set to p<0.05.Results: Overall, 2050 posts with clubfoot-related hashtags were identified as publicly shared on these social media platforms over the 12-month period. 1992 met the inclusion criteria. Pictures consisted of 93.9% of posts which overwhelmingly had a positive tone, while only 16 posts were explicitly negative. On Instagram, personal accounts authored 95.5% of posts and on Twitter, organizations shared 99.4% of posts. Content related to active treatment was shared 32.7% of the time - of these posts, 94.8% showed Ponseti casting or Ponseti bracing. Chi-squared analysis was performed comparing Instagram with Twitter for media format, timing, tone, author, content, visibility, and topic reference. Statistically significant differences between the two (p<0.001) groups were found in each of these categories.Conclusions: Clubfoot treatment has a large social media presence with contributions from patients, treatment organizations, and physicians. Personal accounts on Instagram emphasize the patient experience, whereas organizations on Twitter focus primarily on education and increasing overall awareness.
Viral shedding and immunological features of children COVID-19 patients
Authors: Yang Yang , Zheng Haixia , Peng Ling , Wei Jinli , Wang Yanrong , Li Hexiao , Peng Bo , Fang Shisong , Zhang Mingxia , Li Yanjie , Liu Hui , Feng Kai , Xing Li , Wang Jun , Cao Mengli , Wang Fuxiang , Liu Lei , Liu Yingxia , Yuan Jing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 could infect people at all ages, and the viral shedding and immunological features of children COVID-19 patients were analyzed.Methods Epidemiological information and clinical data were collected from 35 children patients. Viral RNAs in respiratory and fecal samples were detected. Plasma of 11 patients were collected and measured for 48 cytokines.Results 40% (14/35) of the children COVID-19 patients showed asymptomatic infections, while pneumonia shown by CT scan occurred in most of the cases (32/35, 91.43%). Elevated LDH, AST, CRP, neutropenia, leukopenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in some cases, and CD4 and CD8 counts were normal. A total of 22 cytokines were significantly higher than the healthy control, and IP-10, IFN-α2 of them in children were significantly lower than the adult patients. Meanwhile, MCP-3, HGF, MIP-1α, and IL-1ra were similar or lower than healthy control, while significantly lower than adult patients. Viral RNAs were detected as early as the first day after illness onset (d.a.o) in both the respiratory and fecal samples. Viral RNAs decreased as the disease progression and mostly became negative in respiratory samples within 18 d.a.o, while maintained relatively stable during the disease progression and still detectable in some cases during 36~42 d.a.o. Conclusion COVID-19 in children was mild, and asymptomatic infection was common. Immune responses were relatively normal in children COVID-19 patients. Cytokine storm also occurred in children patients, while much weaker than adult patients. Positive rate of viral RNAs in fecal samples was high, and profile of viral shedding were different between respiratory and gastrointestinal tract.