bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thunderstorm ground enhancements in Finland: observations using spectroscopic radiation detectors
Authors: Leppänen Ari-Pekka , Peräjärvi Kari , Paatero Jussi , Joutsenvaara Jari , Hannula Antti , Hepoaho Arttu , Holm Philip , Ilander Tarja , Kärkkäinen Jouni 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study reports observations of Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements (TGE) that occurred in Southern Finland in the Municipality of Vantaa (60° 18’ N 24° 58’ E at 55 m a.m.s.l) on May 17th, 2020 between 10:23 and 10:28 UTC. The TGEs occurred when a storm front moved across the Helsinki region from roughly a southwest to northeast direction. The TGEs were caused by a Runaway Relativistic Electron Avalanche (RREA) occurring inside a thundercloud. Three independent measuring units of high-volume NaI(Tl) γ spectrometers were used to record ambient dose rate and γ spectra. The observed TGEs manifested themselves as sudden increases in γ radiation on the ground with a wide range of energies from 100 keV up to the maximum of the detector system of 8.8 MeV. The first event lasted 50 s and produced an increase in γ radiation of about 7–12% in the spectra measured with a ten-second collection time. The enhancement in γ radiation was terminated suddenly and simultaneously with an in-cloud lightning strike. This was followed by an 88–100 s long period when the level of γ radiation returned to normal values. After this, a second enhancement was observed to increase the level of γ radiation by 20–50%. The second enhancement lasted 100 s and it was also terminated simultaneously with an in-cloud lightning flash. The second enhancement appears to be stronger, but the exact locations of the thundercloud emitting the γ radiation were not known. From the duration of the second enhancement and the prevailing wind speed, the size of the RREA was estimated to be 400–1000 m. In the second enhancement, the most intense increase was between 100 and 1000 keV, although very-high-energy γ rays was observed up to 8.8 MeV. The shape of the background-subtracted γ spectra agreed well with the observations and predictions of the shape of the bremsstrahlung spectrum emitted by an RREA. Additionally, in the background-subtracted spectra, a minor enhancement of the 511 keV peak was also observed where the RREA also increased the number of positrons which annihilated and increased the emission of the 511 keV γ rays. The results of these high-latitude, low-altitude TGE events are the first ones report in Finland.
Extrapolation-Based Regionalized Re-evaluation of the Global Estuarine Surface Area
Authors: Laruelle Goulven G. , Rosentreter Judith A. , Regnier Pierre 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
At the interface between the continental and oceanic domains, estuaries are essential components of the land–ocean aquatic continuum. These coastal ecosystems play a significant role in biogeochemical cycles, as they transform and export large amounts of terrigenous carbon and nutrients from rivers to marine waters. Because of this intense biogeochemical processing, they are significant ecosystems in terms of greenhouse gas exchange with the atmosphere. However, in spite of recent advances in remote sensing and the need for accurate estimates to calculate regional and global estuarine budgets, the global quantification of the estuarine spatial extent available for gas exchange has not been updated in over a decade and remains poorly constrained. This is due to the lack of a global extensive database, the diversity of estuaries, and the controversial definition of their boundaries. To address these challenges, a hybrid approach was developed that combines the surface areas of over 700 estuaries worldwide (extracted from the literature or calculated using geographical information systems) with a novel extrapolation method to provide type-specific regional estimates for 45 regions. The three estuarine types considered are ‘tidal systems and deltas’, ‘lagoons’, and ‘fjords’. The upscaling formula applied is determined and calibrated using data from several regions where an extensive survey of total estuarine surface areas was available. The new global estimate of 733,801 ± 39,892 km2 (mean ± 2 σ) is 31% lower than the previous global assessment. It also provides quantitative uncertainty estimates for regional and global estuarine surface areas as well as a breakdown between tidal systems and deltas (294,956 ± 30,780 km2), lagoons (179,946 ± 12,056 km2), and fjords (259,899 ± 22,328 km2). This decrease of the global estuarine surface area is related to the novel method used in this study and does not reflect a temporal trend.
Cubic–quartic optical solitons with Fokas–Lenells equation by the improved Adomian decomposition method
Authors: AlQarni A. A. , Bodaqah A. M. , Alshaery A. A. , Bakodah H. O. , Yildirim Yakup , Biswas Anjan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article numerically examines the Fokas–Lenells equation with cubic-quartic dispersion, an integrable class member of complex-valued evolution equations that describes nonlinear pulse propagation in monomode optical media. Now, in solving the model, a new decomposition method, based on the original Adomian algorithm is adopted to construct the resulting recurrent scheme for the model. Moreover, to verify the exactness of the method, the study further seeks the help of the ansatz method to construct diverse exact solitary wave solutions for comparative analysis. At last, various error tables and comparison plots are reported, affirming the effectiveness of the adopted approach over existing methods in solving the cubic-quintic Fokas–Lenells equation, and by extension, the class of nonlinear complex-valued evolution equations.
Design and investigation of an aeroelastically scaled delta-wing wind tunnel model for dynamic load analysis
Authors: Bantscheff K. , Breitsamter C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe prediction of complex flow phenomena on elastic delta wing structures is of significant importance for the aircraft design processes. For this reason, conducting wind tunnel experiments on elastically deformable delta wings is of great interest, particularly for validating numerical simulations. In this work, a 3D-printed half model of a delta-wing configuration called Model53e is investigated in the wind tunnel facility A of the Chair of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics at the Technical University of Munich. This model features a deployed leading edge slat and adjustable trailing edge flaps. It is structurally scaled to fit the dynamic characteristics of a fictitious full-scale configuration. In terms of the structural design, a rib and spar structure was chosen for the wing. The flaps are fabricated of solid material. A connection of the flaps to the wing is provided by bolted joints. Multiple flap positions from − 30° to 30° are investigated for each flap. Transient pressure sensors and accelerometers are mounted on the model for the measurements in the wind tunnel. Furthermore, an underfloor balance system is used to record the global forces and moments acting on the model. The measurements are carried out at Reynolds numbers of $$Re = {1.0\times 10^{6}}$$

R
e
=

1.0
×

10
6

and $$Re = {1.7\times 10^{6}}$$

R
e
=

1.7
×

10
6

for angles of attack from 0° to 32°. As a result, time-averaged global forces and moments and transient pressure and acceleration data are recorded for a set of investigated cases. In addition, particle image velocimetry measurements have been conducted to quantify the flow field above the wing at distinct cross-flow planes. The analysis of the transient pressure transducers reveals large pressure fluctuations between 18° and 24°. Analyzing the frequency spectrum of the transient pressure data indicates that vortex bursting causes high narrow-band fluctuation levels denoted as buffet frequencies. Flap deflections lead to minor changes in the corresponding buffet frequency. In addition, the acceleration sensors exhibit increased values between 17° and 25° associated with the structural response called buffeting. These experimental results are used to validate aeroelastic simulations by taking into account dynamic structural deformations. For the Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations, a URANS approach with a $$k-\omega SST$$

k
-
ω
S
S
T

model is conducted for $$\alpha ={20}^{\circ }$$

α
=

20

∘

and $$\alpha ={25}^{\circ }$$

α
=

25

∘

for undeflected flaps to compare the results to the experimental data. The global force and moment data, as well as the structural response data, are predicted well, while larger differences in the experimental results occur for local aerodynamic data.
Modulatory effects of in ovo delivery of galactooligosaccharide and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on antioxidant capacity, gene expression, and selected plasma metabolite parameters of broiler chickens
Authors: Mangan Modou , Połtowicz Katarzyna , Metges Cornelia C. , Siwek Maria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA stable gut microbiota promotes a healthy gut and enhances immune function, antioxidant status, and metabolic activities in chickens. The present research work aimed to investigate the modulatory impacts of in ovo delivery of prebiotic and probiotic on oxidative stress, the intestinal transcriptome, and various plasma metabolites in chickens. Fertilized Ross 308 eggs were administered in ovo either with galactooligosaccharide (GOS) (3.5 mg/egg or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) 1 × 106/egg on the 12th day of egg incubation. Three hundred viable Ross 308 broiler hatching eggs in total were randomly assigned to four groups, namely, the negative control not injected group, the group receiving physiological saline injections as the positive control, GOS, and LP. The analysis of genes associated with immune functions, antioxidants, barrier functions, and free fatty acid receptors were determined via qPCR. The analysis of the selected plasma blood metabolites was performed automatically with Pentra C 400. The antioxidant capacity of the chickens’ liver, breast muscle, and spleen was enhanced by the in ovo injection of GOS and LP. The immune-related gene expression levels were upregulated after in ovo stimulation with either GOS or LP which improved the gut health of broiler chickens. In addition, several genes related to gut barrier functions were upregulated, thus ensuring epithelial integrity. As for blood plasma metabolites, no adverse effects were observed. In summary, we report that in ovo stimulation with either GOS or LP stimulates the immune system and improves the antioxidant status and gut health of chickens with no negative impact on plasma blood metabolite indices.
Revisiting the cytogenetics of Vellozia Vand.: immunolocalization of KNL1 elucidates the chromosome number for the genus
Authors: Braz Guilherme T. , Riboldi Lucas B. , Pinto Maísa S. , Forni-Martins Eliana R. , Yassitepe Juliana E. C. T. , Dante Ricardo A. , Gerhardt Isabel R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChromosome number is the most fundamental trait of a karyotype. Accurate chromosome counting is essential for further analyses including cytogenomics, taxonomic, evolutionary, and genomic studies. Despite its importance, miscounting is common, especially in early publications on species with small and morphologically similar chromosomes. Vellozia Vand. is a genus mainly distributed throughout South America belonging to the angiosperm family Velloziaceae, a dominant taxon in the Brazilian “campos rupestres”. Cytogenetic studies within the group have been rare and have shown conflicting chromosome counts, even within the same species. These discrepancies are associated with the presence of a few small chromosome-like structures, which were previously classified as possible satellites. Here, to accurately determine the chromosome number of species belonging to the genus, we used different cytogenomics approaches, including the immunostaining of the KNL1 kinetochore protein combined with chromosome spread preparation using tissue culture-derived samples. Our results revealed 2n = 18 chromosomes for all six species studied. This finding suggests that the basic chromosome number for Vellozia is x = 9 and not x = 8, as previously proposed. The immunolocalization of functional centromeres was fundamental for undoubtedly identifying the smaller chromosome pair as real chromosomes and accurately determining the correct chromosome number of these species. This will provide substantial support for further studies, including investigations into karyotype evolution and the generation of reference genomes for the species of the family.
An Estimate for Minkowski Balances of Homogeneous Polynomials and an Application
Authors: Długosz Renata , Liczberski Piotr , Trybucka Edyta 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe paper refers to an aggregated estimate of two initial terms in the power series expansions of holomorphic functions and mappings of several complex variables. The authors solve first this problem in some Bavrin’s families of functions, i.e., functions $$f:\mathcal {G}\rightarrow \mathbb {C},$$

f
:
G
→
C
,

holomorphic in bounded complete n-circular domains $$\mathcal {G}\subset \mathbb {C}^{n}$$

G
⊂

C

n

and satisfying conditions, similar as in geometric function theory of one variable. Next, they apply this result to a family of mappings $$F:\mathbb {B} ^{n}\rightarrow $$

F
:

B

n

→

$$\mathbb {C}^{n}$$

C

n

biholomorphic in the open unit Euclidean ball $$\mathbb {B}^{n}\subset \mathbb {C}^{n}.$$

B

n

⊂

C

n

.
Determining Optimal SAR Parameters for Quantifying Above-Ground Grass Carbon Stock in Savannah Ecosystems Using a Tree-Based Algorithm
Authors: Maake Reneilwe , Mutanga Onisimo , Chirima Johannes George , Kganyago Mahlatse 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe quantification and monitoring of above-ground grass carbon stock (AGGCS) will inform emission reduction policies and aid in minimising the risks associated with future climate change. This study investigated the sensitivity of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-derived parameters to predict AGGCS in a savannah ecosystem in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Particularly, we investigated the capabilities of Sentinel-1 derived parameters, including backscatter coefficients, intensity ratios, normalised radar backscatter, arithmetic computations, and the XGBoost tree-based algorithm, to predict the AGGCS. We further tested if incorporating texture matrices (i.e. Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix) can enhance the predictive capability of the models. We found that the linear polarisation (i.e. VV) and the intensity ratio (i.e. VH/VV) achieved similar results (R2 = 0.38, RMSE% = 31%, MAE = 6.87) and (R2 = 0.37, RMSE = 31%, MAE = 8.80) respectively. The Radar Vegetation Index (RVI) performed marginally (1%) better (R2 = 0.39, RMSE = 30% and MAE = 6.77) compared to the other variables. Nevertheless, the incorporation texture matrix into the model enhanced prediction capability by approximately 20% (R2 = 0.60, RMSE% = 20%, MAE = 3.91). Furthermore, the most influential predictors for AGGCS estimation were RVI, VHcor and VVcor order of importance. These findings (R2 values of 0.35–0.39) suggest that SAR data alone does not fully capture the variability in above-ground grass carbon stock, particularly in the complexly configured savannah ecosystems. Nevertheless, the results further suggest that the prediction accuracy of SAR-based above-ground grass carbon stock models can be enhanced with the incorporation of texture matrices.
Implementing education for sustainability in preschool: Teaching strategies and learning environments
Authors: Ohlsson Anders , Gericke Niklas , Borg Farhana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEducation for Sustainability (EfS) has been included in preschool teaching in several countries. Yet few studies investigate EfS in practice or the way learning environments affect teaching. This study investigates which learning environments and teaching strategies facilitate or, indeed, hinder EfS. An observational study was conducted at two preschools where the teaching and EfS practices of two teachers were observed both indoors, in the outdoor play area, and in the forest. Observations were analysed using qualitative content analysis and coded based on the teaching strategies and EfS practices in these three learning environments. An inductive analysis was then conducted to identify enablers and barriers for implementing EfS. Results show that planned teaching is the dominant teaching strategy indoors and in the forest but was absent in the outdoor play. Semi-spontaneous teaching was common in those learning environments that had been adapted to stimulate teaching. An enabler in the forest was movement in the place. In the outdoor play area, an adapted learning environment was an enabler just as it was indoors, where available teaching material was also an enabler for EfS. Barriers indoors were low expectations of children and the teacher’s supervisory role in the outdoor play area. In the forest, a strict teaching structure was a barrier for EfS. This study shows that it is useful for a variety of EfS practices to use different learning environments, indoors and outdoors, as well as different teaching strategies and that preschool teachers might need in-service training to overcome the identified barriers.
An Approximate Calculation Method for the Average Infrared Radiation Intensity in the Rear Hemisphere of Serpentine 2D Exhaust Systems Based on Limited Data
Authors: Shi Xiaojuan , Wei Xin , Ji Honghu , Wang Sirui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractApproximate computational methods were developed to determine the infrared radiation (IR) distribution and average IR intensity in the rear hemisphere of the serpentine two-dimensional (2D) exhaust system. These methods use data from horizontal and vertical detection planes. The methods were verified using the IR intensity data on the typical detection planes of the serpentine 2D convergent and convergent–divergent exhaust systems, respectively. The results demonstrate that the methods developed in this paper for calculating the distribution of IR intensity and the average IR intensity of the serpentine 2D exhaust system in the rear hemisphere are feasible. An approximate evaluation of the infrared stealth performance of the exhaust system can be conducted. According to the validation model presented in this study, the calculation error of the average IR intensity of serpentine 2D exhaust systems in the rear hemisphere is less than 5%, thereby satisfying the criteria for engineering applications.
On weakly compact multilinear operators and interpolation
Authors: Manzano Antonio , Mastyło Mieczysław 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study weakly compact multilinear operators. We prove a variant of Gantmacher’s weak compactness theorem for multilinear operators. We also present Lions–Peetre type results on weak compactness interpolation for multilinear operators. Furthermore, we provide an analogue of Persson’s result on interpolation of weakly compact operators under the assumption that the target Banach couple satisfies a certain weakly compact approximation property.
An intelligent surface roughness prediction method based on automatic feature extraction and adaptive data fusion
Authors: Zhang Xun , Wang Sibao , Gao Fangrui , Wang Hao , Wu Haoyu , Liu Ying 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMachining quality prediction based on cutting big data is the core focus of current developments in intelligent manufacturing. Presently, predictions of machining quality primarily rely on process and signal analyses. Process-based predictions are generally constrained to the development of rudimentary regression models. Signal-based predictions often require large amounts of data, multiple processing steps (such as noise reduction, principal component analysis, modulation, etc.), and have low prediction efficiency. In addition, the accuracy of the model depends on tedious manual parameter tuning. This paper proposes a convolutional neural network quality intelligent prediction model based on automatic feature extraction and adaptive data fusion (CNN-AFEADF). Firstly, by processing signals from multiple directions, time-frequency domain images with rich features can be obtained, which significantly benefit neural network learning. Secondly, the corresponding images in three directions are fused into one image by setting different fusion weight parameters. The optimal fusion weight parameters and window length are determined by the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO). This data fusion method reduces training time by 16.74 times. Finally, the proposed method is verified by various experiments. This method can automatically identify sensitive data features through neural network fitting experiments and optimization, thereby eliminating the need for expert experience in determining the significance of data features. Based on this approach, the model achieves an average relative error of 2.95%, reducing the prediction error compared to traditional models. Furthermore, this method enhances the intelligent machining level.
Iridescent structural color by using ultra-low refractive index aerogel as optical cavity dielectric
Authors: Paik Jennie , Feng Wei-Jie , Clark Sean W. , Kim Hyeonwoo , Guo L. Jay 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIridescent color-shift pigments have been used in some industrial applications, e.g., for cosmetics and packaging. To achieve environmental-friendly and lasting color, thin-film interference is used to generate structural color. By maximizing the refractive index (RI) difference between the thin films (i.e., using an ultralow RI film), super-iridescent structural color can be produced. While the lowest refractive index of a naturally occurring solid dielectric is close to 1.37 (i.e., MgF2), we synthesized highly porous dielectric SiO2 aerogel to achieve ultralow-RI (n ~ 1.06) and demonstrated a high-refractive index/low-refractive index/absorber (HLA) trilayer structural color. The achieved structural color is highly iridescent and capable of tracing a near-closed loop in CIE color space. By tuning the refractive index, thickness, and geometry of the aerogel layer, we control the reflection dip’s shape, therefore producing a wide range of vivid and iridescent colors.