bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of the intervention time on the motor learning process induced through movement representation techniques: a randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: De la Hera Robledo Nahia , Castro Puerta Miguel , Cuenca Martínez Ferran , La Touche Roy 
Published: December 2020

Objective: The main aim was to assess motor learning process comparing action observation (AO), motor imagery (MI), and double time of MI (2MI) at post- and at 1-week post-intervention through Purdue-Pegboard test. The secondary objectives were to assess if improvements enhanced the ability to imagine and the perceived fatigue.
Methods: 20 healthy subjects were randomly assigned to AO group, MI group, 2MI group or placebo observation group.
Results: Results in right hand test showed that AO group obtained improvements at post- and at 1-week post-intervention, both with a large effect size (p = .049, d = -1.28 and p = .049, d = -1.4). In left hand test MI group obtained better results than placebo group (p = .016, d = 2.21). In both hand test MI presented differences at the post- and at 1-week post-intervention (p = .006, d = -2.28 and p = .009, d = -1.89). No within- and between-group differences were found in sequence test. With respect to the perceived fatigue, both MI and 2MI showed greater levels of fatigue (p = .003, and p = .045). Finally, no within- and between-group differences were found in the ability to imagine (p > .05).
Conclusions: Both movement representation techniques enhanced motor learning, although the results must be considered with caution due to the small sample size. MI seems to cause more fatigue than AO. However, increasing imagery time did not results in greater level of fatigue. The improvements did not lead to an increase in the ability to imagine.
Alteraciones del equilibrio y efectos del entrenamiento de la fuerza en el equilibrio del adulto mayor
Authors: Lerma Lara Sergio , González Parada Beatriz , Escolar Martínez Cristina , Gómez Jiménez María , García Casado Cristina , Barba San ROmán Buenaventura 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Evaluar cuantitativamente mediante posturografía la mejora en el equilibrio después de una intervención con ejercicio terapéutico basado en un programa de fuerza y resistencia muscular. Evaluar cambios en Kinesiofobia asociados a la intervención mediante la versión española de la Escala Tampa de Kinesiofobia (TSK-11SV).
Material y métodos: Se reclutó una muestra de 15 mayores de 60 años en la Residencia Orphea de Aravaca, 13 mujeres y 2 hombres, a los que se realizaron pruebas de equilibrio con el Posturógrafo Basic Balance Master de Neurocom®:Modified Clinical Test for the Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB), Limits of Stability (LOS) y Weigth and Bearing Squat (WBS). A todos los sujetos se les administró la TSK-11SV. Tras realizar un programa de ejercicio centrado en la mejora de la fuerza y resistencia durante cuatro semanas, se evaluaron los cambios en las variables registradas. Se utilizó el programa IBM SPSS Statistic ver 22.0 para Windows.
Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los siguientes pares de variables pre y postintervención: Firme ojos abiertos (FirmOA: 0,018); Firme ojos cerrados (FirmOC: 0,025); Foam ojos cerrados (FoamOC: 0,004); Firme compuesto (FirmComp: 0,006); Velocidad de movimiento compuesto (MVLcomp: 0,001). Además se observaron diferencias significativas basadas en rangos positivos en el Foam ojos abiertos (FoamOA: 0,003). En la TSK-11SV se obtuvieron puntuaciones bajas en el pre: 23,00±5,74 y mejoría en el post: 15,26±10,33. Ambos valores fueron sugerentes de una kinesiofobia baja.
Conclusiones: Se puede afirmar que el programa de ejercicio de fuerza y resistencia tiene efectos directos sobre la mejora del equilibrio en el paciente mayor, sobre todo en los sistemas de aferencia y en la rapidez con que se ejecuta el movimiento dentro de los límites de estabilidad.
Actor as Author of the Text he Acts
Authors: Nogueira Marta 
Published: December 2020

We aim to demonstrate how the acting technique and skills of an actor may influence the intentions of a text’s author, showing him new paths through the human and emotional factors. We also aim to demonstrate that what is usually considered a “text” may not always be a fixed entity produced by a single isolated individual.
The analysis of the staging and film adaptation of Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire and the development of the character Stanley Kowalski by Marlon Brando, shows how he changed the written version of the play, shifting its core, interfering with the balance between the two main characters and helping to shape the cultural and historical attributes which rendered its particular place in art history. The text produced by the actor may, thus, assume an identical value to that of the dramatic script from which it developed, or even produce a higher impact.
Construction of ontologies in the field of law according to the service Google Scholar
Authors: Д. В. Ланде  , О. О. Дмитренко  , О. Г. Радзієвська  
Published: December 2020

The article presents approaches to the structuring of data distributed in scientific documentary resources of the Internet. It represents generating methods of subject branches models as networks in terms of certain subjects, containing important information in the framework of the given topic. Networks of natural hierarchies of terms for the corpus of documents related to the topics “Criminal Law” and “Copyright Law” are built. The considered methodic of creating a network of words and phrases, the implementation of the algorithm for the formation of networks of natural hierarchies of terms – will contribute to the formation and improvement of conceptual and terminological apparatus in the legal sphere and the harmonization of national and international law.
Orbital Distribution of Infalling Satellite Halos across Cosmic Time
Authors: Li Zhao-Zhou , Zhao Dong-Hai , Jing Y. P. , Han Jiaxin , Dong Fu-Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The initial orbits of infalling subhalos largely determine the subsequent evolution of the subhalos and satellite galaxies therein and shed light on the assembly of their hosts. Using a large set of cosmological simulations of various resolutions, we quantify the orbital distribution of subhalos at infall time and its mass and redshift dependence in a large dynamic range. We further provide a unified and accurate model validated across cosmic time, which can serve as the initial condition for semianalytic models. We find that the infall velocity v follows a nearly universal distribution peaked near the host virial velocity V
h for any subhalo mass or redshift, while the infall orbit is most radially biased when v ∼ V
h. Moreover, subhalos that have a higher host mass or a higher sub-to-host ratio tend to move along a more radial direction with a relatively smaller angular momentum than their low host mass or low sub-to-host ratio counterparts, though they share the same normalized orbital energy. These relations are nearly independent of the redshift when using the density peak height as the proxy for host halo mass. The above trends are consistent with the scenario where the dynamical environment is relatively colder for more massive structures because their own gravity is more likely to dominate the local potentials. Based on this understanding, the more massive or isolated halos are expected to have higher velocity anisotropy.
Constraints on the Abundance of 0.01 c Stellar Engines in the Milky Way
Authors: Lingam Manasvi , Loeb Abraham 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Stellar engines are hypothesized megastructures that extract energy from the host star, typically with the purpose of generating thrust and accelerating the stellar system. We explore the maximum potential speeds that could be realizable by stellar engines, and determine that speeds up to ∼0.1 c might perhaps be attainable under optimal conditions. In contrast, natural astrophysical phenomena in the Milky Way are very unlikely to produce such speeds. Hence, astrometric surveys of hypervelocity stars may be utilized to conduct commensal searches for high-speed stellar engines in the Milky Way. It may be possible to derive bounds on their abundance, but this requires certain assumptions regarding the spatiotemporal distribution of such engines, which are not guaranteed to be valid.
Galaxy Sizes Since z = 2 from the Perspective of Stellar Mass Distribution within Galaxies
Authors: Mosleh Moein , Hosseinnejad Shiva , Hosseini-ShahiSavandi S. Zahra , Tacchella Sandro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
How stellar mass assembles within galaxies is still an open question. We present measurements of the stellar mass distribution on kiloparsec-scales for ∼5500 galaxies with stellar masses above

up to redshift 2.0. We create stellar mass maps from Hubble Space Telescope observations by means of the pixel-by-pixel spectral energy distribution fitting method. These maps are used to derive radii encompassing 20%, 50%, and 80% (r
20, r
50, and r
80) of the total stellar mass from the best-fit Sérsic models. The reliability and limitations of the structural parameter measurements are checked extensively using a large sample (∼3000) of simulated galaxies. The size–mass relations and redshift evolution of r
20, r
50, and r
80 are explored for star-forming and quiescent galaxies. At fixed mass, the star-forming galaxies do not show significant changes in their r
20, r
50, and r
80 sizes, indicating self-similar growth. Only above the pivot stellar mass of

does r
80 evolve as r
80 ∝ (1 + z)−0.85±0.20, indicating that mass builds up in the outskirts of these systems (inside-out growth). The Sérsic values also increase for the massive star-forming galaxies toward late cosmic time. Massive quiescent galaxies show stronger size evolution at all radii, in particular, the r
20 sizes. For these massive galaxies, Sérsic values remain almost constant since at least z ∼ 1.3, indicating that the strong size evolution is related to the changes in the outer parts of these galaxies. We make all the structural parameters publicly available.
The Influence of the Secular Perturbation of an Intermediate-mass Companion. I. Eccentricity Excitation of Disk Stars at the Galactic Center
Authors: Zheng 郑 Xiaochen 晓晨 , Lin 林 Douglas N. C. 潮 , Mao 毛 Shude 淑德 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There is a dense group of OB and Wolf–Rayet stars within a fraction of a parsec from the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the Galactic Center. These stars appear to be coeval and relatively massive. A subgroup of these stars orbits on the same plane. If they emerged with low- to modest-eccentricity orbits from a common gaseous disk around the central SMBH, their inferred life span would not be sufficiently long to account for the excitation of their high orbital eccentricity through dynamical relaxation. Here we analyze the secular perturbation of Galactic Center stars by an intermediate-mass companion (IMC) as a potential mechanism to account for these young disk stars’ high eccentricity. This IMC may be either an intermediate-mass black hole or a compact cluster such as IRS 13E. If its orbital angular momentum vector is antiparallel to that of the disk stars, this perturbation would be effective in exciting the eccentricity of stars with orbital precession rates that resonate with the IMC’s precession rate. If it orbits around the SMBH in the same direction as the disk stars, the eccentricity of the young stars can still be highly excited by the IMC during the depletion of their natal disk, possibly associated with the launch of the Fermi bubble. In this scenario, the IMC’s precession rate decreases, and its secular resonance sweeps through the proximity of the young stars. We carry out numerical simulations with various inclination angles between the orbits of the IMC and the disk stars and show that this secular interaction is a robust mechanism to excite the eccentricity and inclination of some disk stars.
Immunomodulatory effects of standardized extract of Curcuma mangga val. on cytokines, antibody and delayed-type hypersensitivity response in Wistar rats
Authors: Yuandani  , Nugraha Sony Eka , Laila Lia , Satria Denny 
Published: December 2020

Background and purpose:
Recently, we have highlighted the immunomodulatory activity of Curcuma mangga Val. on phagocytosis ability. The current study was conducted to determine the immunomodulatory effects of the standardized extract of C. mangga rhizomes by in vitro and in vivo studies.

Experimental approach:
The C. mangga extract was standardized according to a guideline for herbal preparation. The extract was investigated for its immunomodulatory effects on gene expression of cytokines, cytokines and antibody production as well as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. The gene expression of cytokines on lipopolysaccharide-induced-RAW 264.7 cells was analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The effect of the extract on DTH response was investigated by the paw edema method, meanwhile the effects of the extract on antibody and cytokine production from normal and cyclophosphamide-induced Salmonella typhimurium infected rats were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Findings/Results:
The extract of C. mangga demonstrated an inhibitory effect on gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 as compared to lipopolysaccharide-induced cells. The extract also depicted inhibitory activity on IL-4 production as compared to the negative control. Whereas, the DTH response and production of immunoglobulin G from both groups after treatment with C. mangga extract were higher than those of negative control (P < 0.05).

Conclusion and implications:
The results indicated that the C. mangga extract has immunomodulatory effects, emphasizing its potential to be developed as immunotherapeutic agent.
Prodigiosin induced the caspase-dependent apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cell
Authors: Niakani Maryam , Majd Ahmad , Pakzad Parviz , Malekinejad Hassan 
Published: December 2020

Background and purpose:
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as a myeloproliferative disease is characterized by increased cellularity of bone marrow. Implementing the latest treatment protocols is currently accompanied by serious and life-threatening side effects. There are worldwide attempts to find new effective and potent therapeutic agents with minimal side effects on CML patients. This in vitro study was carried out to discover the potential antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of naturally produced prodigiosin (PDG) on K562 cells as an accepted model of CML.

Experimental approach:
The anti-proliferative effect of PDG was measured by MTT assay. To highlight the mechanism of cytotoxicity, the apoptotic cell death pathway was investigated by morphological and biochemical assessments. The dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining technique and western blotting method were applied to assess the mechanism of the potential apoptotic impact of PDG on K562 cells.

Findings/Results:
PDG-induced time- and concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effects were revealed with an estimated IC50 value of 54.06 μM. The highest cell viability reduction (60%) was recorded in cells, which were exposed to 100 μM concentration. Further assays demonstrated that in the dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining method the cell population in the late apoptosis phase was increased in a concentration-dependent manner, which was confirmed with remarkable DNA fragmentation.

Conclusion and implications:
We found that the PDG-induced apoptosis in K562 cells is mediated through the caspase-3 activation both in mRNA and protein levels. Our results suggest that PDG could be a potent compound for further pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies in the in vivo model of CML.
Synthesis, antioxidant activity, and density functional theory study of some novel 4-[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl]phenol derivatives
Authors: Asgarshamsi Mohammad hossein , Fassihi Afshin , Hassanzadeh Farshid , Saghaei Lotfollah , Attar Ahmad Movahedian , Mohammad-Beigi Hossein 
Published: December 2020

Background and purpose:
Radicals produced by Fenton and Haber-Weiss reactions play detrimental roles in our body. Some oxidized proteins as toxic configurations are identified in amyloid-β deposits. These deposits mostly occur in conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we report the synthesis, evaluation of the antioxidant activity, and implementation of density functional theory (DFT) calculations of some4- [(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino) methyl]phenol derivatives. The aim of this study was to provide a comparative theoretical-experimental approach to explain the antioxidant activities of the compounds.

Experimental approach:
Compounds were synthesized by the reaction between para hydroxybenzaldehyde and aminobenzothiazole derivatives. The scavenging activity of the compounds was evaluated. Various electronic and energetic descriptors such as high occupied molecular orbital and low unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps, bonding dissociation enthalpy of OH bond, ionization potential, electron affinity, hardness, softness, and spin density of the radical and neutral species were calculated. DFT calculations with B3LYP hybrid functional and 6-311++ G** basis set in the polarizable continuum model were utilized to obtain these descriptors.

Findings/Results:
Ascorbic acid showed the best DPPH scavenging activity. However, 4d and 4c showed promising antioxidant activity. The values of EHOMO for 4c and 4d were closer to zero, thus, they showed the best scavenging activities. The computational results were in accordance with the experimental ones. The energetic descriptors indicated that the sequential proton loss-electron transfer mechanism is preferred over other mechanisms.

Conclusion and implication:
Antioxidant activity of 4-[(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino) methyl]phenol derivatives confirmed by experimental and theoretical documents proves them as novel antioxidants against amyloid-β based disease.
Interactions and effects of food additive dye Allura red on pepsin structure and protease activity; experimental and computational supports
Authors: Balaei Fatemeh , Ansari Mohabbat , Farhadian Negin , Moradi Sajad , Shahlaei Mohsen 
Published: December 2020

Background and purpose:
Today, color additives such as Allura red (AR) are widely used in different kinds of food products. Pepsin is a globular protein that is secreted as a digestive protease from the main cells in the stomach. Because of the important role of pepsin in protein digestion and because of its importance in digestive diseases the study of the interactions of pepsin with chemical food additives is important.

Experimental approach:
In this study, the interactions between AR and pepsin were investigated by different computational and experimental approaches such as ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy along with computational molecular modeling.

Findings/Results:
The experimental results of fluorescence indicated that AR can strongly quench the fluorescence of pepsin through a static quenching. Thermodynamic analysis of the binding phenomena suggests that van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding played a major role in the complex formation. The results of synchronous fluorescence spectra and furrier transformed infra-red (FTIR) experiments showed that there are no significant structural changes in the protein conformation. Also, examined pepsin protease activity revealed that the activity of pepsin was increased upon ligand binding. In agreement with the experimental results, the computational results showed that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions occurred between AR and binding sites.

Conclusion and implications:
From the pharmaceutical point of view, this interaction can help us to get a deeper understanding of the effect of this synthetic dye on food digestion.
Encouraging Learner Autonomy Development in Distance Teaching in Primary School
Authors: Komljanec Katja , Šebalj Lara 
Published: December 2020

The central topic of the article is the development of learner autonomy and how teachers in Slovenian primary schools encourage it.
The first part of the article presents and explains what learner autonomy is, the factors important for its development, and other significant concepts connected to it. The key aspects of learner autonomy are intrinsic motivation, learning strategies, collaborative learning, and self-evaluation. The theory of learner autonomy is then related to the context of distance learning that we were able to observe this year, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article also discusses the use of technology in teaching EFL/ESL and suggests it helps in the development of learner autonomy.
The second part presents an analysis and discussion based on the results of interviews conducted with primary school English teachers and questionnaires that were given to primary school students. The purpose of the research was to explore how learner autonomy was manifested during the time of the pandemic, when the learning process had to be moved online. By analysing the results, we were able to confirm or reject five hypotheses.
The results show that teachers use many activities that promote the development of learner autonomy. The research shows that in distance teaching the main factors that influence the development of learner autonomy are quality, attractive, and engaging materials, as well as good explanations. Teachers also reported that the home environment was one of the key aspects contributing to a successful or unsuccessful learning process.
Prevodoslovna primerjava sprejemljivosti profanosti v slovenskih, hrvaških in srbskih filmskih podnapisih
Authors: Trupej Janko 
Published: December 2020

Članek obravnava strategije za prevajanje profanosti v slovenskih, hrvaških in srbskih podnapisih 20 filmov, ki so posneti v angleškem jeziku. Analiza je za vsak jezik obsegala 1.862 primerov profanosti – primerjava je pokazala tako skupne značilnosti kot razlike. V slovenskih podnapisih je bilo ohranjenih 51,7 % primerov profanosti, v drugih dveh jezikih pa je bil ta delež večji: 60,8 % v srbskih in 63,1 % v hrvaških podnapisih. Če je bilo v istem filmu uporabljenih več primerov istega profanega izraza oz. fraze, pogosto naletimo na različne prevodne rešitve – to velja za prevajalske strategije v vseh treh jezikih. Objektivni razlogi za to, da profanost v podnapisih ni bila ohranjena, v vseh treh jezikih obstajajo v približno petini primerov (SLO: 21,0 %; SRB: 18,8 %; HRV: 20,5 %), medtem ko lahko v preostalih primerih izogibanja profanosti govorimo o (samo)cenzuri. Podrobnejša kategorizacija primerov profanosti, ki niso bili ohranjeni, je pokazala, da je bila v slovenskih podnapisih strategija izpuščanja uporabljena bistveno pogosteje (33,9 %) kot v srbskih (26,9 %) in hrvaških (26,1 %) podnapisih, razlike med pogostostjo kategorij modulacija registra (SLO: 12,0 %; SRB: 10,9 %; HRV: 9,3 %), radikalna sprememba pomena (SLO: 1,5 %; SRB: 1,2 %; HRV: 0,9 %) in zamenjava z zaimkom (SLO : 0,9 %; SRB: 0,2 %; HRV: 0,6 %) pa so manj občutne. Primeri v vsakem izmed jezikov ponazarjajo, da lahko pogosto neohranjanje profanosti v prevodu vpliva na makrostrukturno raven filma, tj. tako na razumevanje dogodkov in karakterizacijo kot tudi na percepcijo odnosov med posameznimi liki.