bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The activating transcription factor 2: an influencer of cancer progression
Authors: Huebner Kerstin , Procházka Jan , Monteiro Ana C , Mahadevan Vijayalakshmi , Schneider-Stock Regine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn contrast to the continuous increase in survival rates for many cancer entities, colorectal cancer (CRC) and pancreatic cancer are predicted to be ranked among the top 3 cancer-related deaths in the European Union by 2025. Especially, fighting metastasis still constitutes an obstacle to be overcome in CRC and pancreatic cancer. As described by Fearon and Vogelstein, the development of CRC is based on sequential mutations leading to the activation of proto-oncogenes and the inactivation of tumour suppressor genes. In pancreatic cancer, genetic alterations also attribute to tumour development and progression. Recent findings have identified new potentially important transcription factors in CRC, among those the activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2). ATF2 is a basic leucine zipper protein and is involved in physiological and developmental processes, as well as in tumorigenesis. The mutation burden of ATF2 in CRC and pancreatic cancer is rather negligible; however, previous studies in other tumours indicated that ATF2 expression level and subcellular localisation impact tumour progression and patient prognosis. In a tissue- and stimulus-dependent manner, ATF2 is activated by upstream kinases, dimerises and induces target gene expression. Dependent on its dimerisation partner, ATF2 homodimers or heterodimers bind to cAMP-response elements or activator protein 1 consensus motifs. Pioneering work has been performed in melanoma in which the dual role of ATF2 is best understood. Even though there is increasing interest in ATF2 recently, only little is known about its involvement in CRC and pancreatic cancer. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the underestimated ‘cancer gene chameleon’ ATF2 in apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and microRNA regulation and highlight its functions in CRC and pancreatic cancer. We further provide a novel ATF2 3D structure with key phosphorylation sites and an updated overview of all so-far available mouse models to study ATF2 in vivo.
Global H-NS counter-silencing by LuxR activates quorum sensing gene expression
Authors: Chaparian Ryan R , Tran Minh L N , Miller Conrad Laura C , Rusch Douglas B , van Kessel Julia C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Bacteria coordinate cellular behaviors using a cell–cell communication system termed quorum sensing. In Vibrio harveyi, the master quorum sensing transcription factor LuxR directly regulates >100 genes in response to changes in population density. Here, we show that LuxR derepresses quorum sensing loci by competing with H-NS, a global transcriptional repressor that oligomerizes on DNA to form filaments and bridges. We first identified H-NS as a repressor of bioluminescence gene expression, for which LuxR is a required activator. In an hns deletion strain, LuxR is no longer necessary for transcription activation of the bioluminescence genes, suggesting that the primary role of LuxR is to displace H-NS to derepress gene expression. Using RNA-seq and ChIP-seq, we determined that H-NS and LuxR co-regulate and co-occupy 28 promoters driving expression of 63 genes across the genome. ChIP-PCR assays show that as autoinducer concentration increases, LuxR protein accumulates at co-occupied promoters while H-NS protein disperses. LuxR is sufficient to evict H-NS from promoter DNA in vitro, which is dependent on LuxR DNA binding activity. From these findings, we propose a model in which LuxR serves as a counter-silencer at H-NS-repressed quorum sensing loci by disrupting H-NS nucleoprotein complexes that block transcription.
Phylogenetic debugging of a complete human biosynthetic pathway transplanted into yeast
Authors: Agmon Neta , Temple Jasmine , Tang Zuojian , Schraink Tobias , Baron Maayan , Chen Jun , Mita Paolo , Martin James A , Tu Benjamin P , Yanai Itai , Fenyö David , Boeke Jef D 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCross-species pathway transplantation enables insight into a biological process not possible through traditional approaches. We replaced the enzymes catalyzing the entire Saccharomyces cerevisiae adenine de novo biosynthesis pathway with the human pathway. While the ‘humanized’ yeast grew in the absence of adenine, it did so poorly. Dissection of the phenotype revealed that PPAT, the human ortholog of ADE4, showed only partial function whereas all other genes complemented fully. Suppressor analysis revealed other pathways that play a role in adenine de-novo pathway regulation. Phylogenetic analysis pointed to adaptations of enzyme regulation to endogenous metabolite level ‘setpoints’ in diverse organisms. Using DNA shuffling, we isolated specific amino acids combinations that stabilize the human protein in yeast. Thus, using adenine de novo biosynthesis as a proof of concept, we suggest that the engineering methods used in this study as well as the debugging strategies can be utilized to transplant metabolic pathway from any origin into yeast.
mitoXplorer, a visual data mining platform to systematically analyze and visualize mitochondrial expression dynamics and mutations
Authors: Yim Annie , Koti Prasanna , Bonnard Adrien , Marchiano Fabio , Dürrbaum Milena , Garcia-Perez Cecilia , Villaveces Jose , Gamal Salma , Cardone Giovanni , Perocchi Fabiana , Storchova Zuzana , Habermann Bianca H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mitochondria participate in metabolism and signaling. They adapt to the requirements of various cell types. Publicly available expression data permit to study expression dynamics of genes with mitochondrial function (mito-genes) in various cell types, conditions and organisms. Yet, we lack an easy way of extracting these data for mito-genes. Here, we introduce the visual data mining platform mitoXplorer, which integrates expression and mutation data of mito-genes with a manually curated mitochondrial interactome containing ∼1200 genes grouped in 38 mitochondrial processes. User-friendly analysis and visualization tools allow to mine mitochondrial expression dynamics and mutations across various datasets from four model species including human. To test the predictive power of mitoXplorer, we quantify mito-gene expression dynamics in trisomy 21 cells, as mitochondrial defects are frequent in trisomy 21. We uncover remarkable differences in the regulation of the mitochondrial transcriptome and proteome in one of the trisomy 21 cell lines, caused by dysregulation of the mitochondrial ribosome and resulting in severe defects in oxidative phosphorylation. With the newly developed Fiji plugin mitoMorph, we identify mild changes in mitochondrial morphology in trisomy 21. Taken together, mitoXplorer (http://mitoxplorer.ibdm.univ-mrs.fr) is a user-friendly, web-based and freely accessible software, aiding experimental scientists to quantify mitochondrial expression dynamics.
The neural bases of vitality forms
Authors: Di Cesare Giuseppe , Gerbella Marzio , Rizzolatti Giacomo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnlike emotions, which are short-lasting events accompanied by viscero-motor responses, vitality forms are continuous internal states that modulate the motor behaviors of individuals and are devoid of the autonomic modifications that characterize real emotions. Despite the importance of vitality forms in social life, only recently have neurophysiological studies been devoted to this issue. The first part of this review describes fMRI experiments, showing that the dorso-central insula is activated during the execution, the perception and the imagination of arm actions endowed with different vitality forms as well as during the hearing and the production of speech conveying vitality forms. In the second part, we address the means by which the dorso-central insula modulates the networks for controlling action execution and how the sensory and interoceptive information is conveyed to this insular sector. Finally, we present behavioral data showing the importance of vitality forms in social interactions.
Financial Constraints, Monetary Policy Shocks, and the Cross-Section of Equity Returns
Authors: Chava Sudheer , Hsu Alex 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We analyze the impact ofa unanticipated monetary policy changes on the cross-section of U.S. equity returns. Financially constrained firms earn a significantly lower (higher) return following surprise interest rate increases (decreases) as compared to unconstrained firms. This differential return response between constrained and unconstrained firms appears after a delay of 3 to 4 days. Further, unanticipated Federal funds rate increases are associated with a larger decrease in expected cash flow news, but not discount rate news, for constrained firms relative to unconstrained firms.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Onabotulinumtoxin A Trigger Point Injections for Myofascial Pelvic Pain
Authors: Dessie Sybil G. , Von Bargen Emily , Hacker Michele R. , Haviland Miriam J. , Elkadry Eman 
Published: November 2019

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.044)
Approximately 15% of women have chronic pelvic pain (CPP), which has a significant impact on quality of life and affects more than just the pelvis. Frequently, CPP is associated with irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, painful bladder syndrome, myofascial pain, and vulvodynia.
Prophylactic Antibiotics in the Prevention of Infection After Operative Vaginal Delivery (ANODE): A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Knight Marian , Chiocchia Virginia , Partlett Christopher , Rivero-Arias Oliver , Hua Xinyang , Hinshaw Kim , Tuffnell Derek , Linsell Louise , Juszczak Edmund 
Published: November 2019

(Abstracted from Lancet 2019;393:2395–2403)
Sepsis causes 11% of maternal deaths globally; in 2016, an estimated 19,500 women died because of pregnancy-related infections. The risk factors for maternal sepsis are easily recognized, including cesarean delivery and operative vaginal birth (forceps or vacuum extraction).
Induction of Labor at 39 Weeks of Gestation Versus Expectant Management for Low-Risk Nulliparous Women: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Hersh Alyssa R. , Skeith Ashley E. , Sargent James A. , Caughey Aaron B. 
Published: November 2019

(Abstracted from Am J Obstest Gynecol 2019;220(6):590.e1–590.e10)
Inducing labor is commonly used to initiate labor before the spontaneous onset of labor for many indications. One of the major concerns about elective induction of labor (performed when there is no medical indication) is that it will increase risk of cesarean delivery.
Cerclage for Women With Twin Pregnancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Chunbo , Shen Jie , Hua Keqin 
Published: November 2019

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019;220(6):543–557)
The use of assisted-reproductive technique has led to an increase in the twin birth rate over the last 30 years, and these pregnancies are at an increased risk for preterm birth (PTB). Reportedly, approximately 50% of twin pregnancies deliver at <37 weeks of gestation and 14% are delivered at <33 weeks.
Inaccuracies in the Use of the Majeed Pelvic Outcome Score: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kleweno Conor , Vallier Heather , Agel Julie 
Published: November 2019

Objectives:
To evaluate the accuracy with which the Majeed Pelvic Score has been reported in the English literature.

Data Sources:
Databases used to search for literature were PubMed, Embase, and Ovid, restricted to English language from inception to October 2, 2018.

Study Selection:
Search words used were: Majeed, pelvis, and outcome.

Data Extraction:
Articles were assessed for descriptions of scoring and proper reporting of Majeed Pelvic Outcome Score.

Data Synthesis:
Descriptive statistics were used to report the outcome of our findings.

Conclusions:
Ninty-two English articles were identified. Twenty-four (26%) articles were identified as including methodology related to the use and scoring of the Majeed Pelvic score. The remaining 68 presented mean Majeed scores with no methodological information. None (0/92) discussed how the range of possible scores for the most severe function was applied. Six (7%) reported adjusted scores for patients not working. Three (3%) included a discussion of the scores as adjusted for patients working before injury compared with those not working. Ten (11%) addressed the categorization of scores by excellent to poor describing what raw scores defined those categories. We observed poor accuracy and notable inconsistency in the use and reporting of the Majeed Pelvic Outcome Score in the literature. These data demonstrate that interpretation and comparison of research reporting this score should be done cautiously. Future studies should include specific information as to how the Majeed instrument calculated to allow for verification of the presented scores and subsequent conclusions.
The Incidence and Risk Factors Associated With the Need for Fasciotomy in Tibia and Forearm Fractures: An Analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Saiz Augustine M. , Wellman Alexandria C. , Stwalley Dustin , Wolinsky Philip , Miller Anna N. 
Published: November 2019

Objective:
The aims of this study were to analyze a large national trauma database to determine the incidence of, risk factors for, and outcomes after a fasciotomy of the lower leg or forearm after fracture.

Methods:
Data from the National Trauma Data Bank for the years 2004–2016 were analyzed, and we identified 301,351 patients with forearm fractures and 369,237 patients with tibial fractures. Risk factors, length of stay (LOS), and mortality were assessed to determine associations with an injury that required a fasciotomy.

Results:
A total of 1.22% of the forearm fractures and 3.79% of the tibial fractures had a fasciotomy. Patients with a fasciotomy were more likely to have invasive procedures (P < 0.0001); have injuries resulting from machinery, motor vehicle collisions, and firearms (P < 0.0001); and smoke, use drugs, and/or alcohol (P < 0.05) compared with patients who did not undergo fasciotomies. Fasciotomy procedures were associated with longer LOS and higher mortality rate (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The incidence of a fasciotomy is less than 5% in tibia or forearm fractures. Patients who underwent fasciotomy have higher energy injuries, increased alcohol or drug use, higher rates of surgical interventions, and increased LOS. Furthermore, having a fasciotomy is associated with increased mortality rate. When counseling patients and evaluating surgeon/hospital performance, fasciotomies can serve as an indicator and modifier for a more complex trauma pathology.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Semisupine Positioning for Proximal Humerus ORIF Using Arthroscopic Shoulder Distractor
Authors: Hightower Cody , Mobley Kyle , Jones Thomas 
Published: November 2019

Summary:
Advances in implant technology have improved the orthopaedic surgeon's ability to successfully treat proximal humerus fractures. However, obtaining and maintaining anatomic reduction throughout surgery remains difficult. Failure to do so can compromise surgical outcomes leading to poor clinical results. Here, we describe a novel surgical method using upper-extremity traction that allows control and positioning of the operative extremity. This technique facilitates achieving and maintaining fracture reduction and decreases operative time.
Female sexuality and vaginal health across the menopausal age
Authors: Cagnacci Angelo , Venier Martina , Xholli Anjeza , Paglietti Chiara , Caruso Salvatore 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective:
The primary aim was to evaluate changes in female sexuality across the menopausal period, and the secondary objective was to test the associations of female sexuality domains with vaginal atrophy and its symptoms.

Methods:
A cross-sectional multicenter study was performed involving 518 women, 40 to 55 years of age, consulting outpatient gynecological services at 30 centers across Italy. Vaginal atrophy was identified by the contemporaneous presence of a pH >5, subjective vaginal dryness, and an objective sign. The relationships between vaginal atrophy and its main symptoms (vaginal dryness and dyspareunia), and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score and its domains (desire, arousal, orgasm, dyspareunia, lubrication, and sexual satisfaction) were analyzed.

Results:
The prevalence of sexual dysfunction, as defined by a FSFI score <26.55, was 70.6%, increasing from 55% in the years 40 to 45, to 82.8% (P < 0.01) in the years 52 to 55 of age. Mean FSFI score decreased from 40 to 45, to 46 to 48 years of age (23.13 ± 9.76 vs 19.49 ± 9.88; P < 0.05), and from 48 to 51, to 52 to 55 years of age (21.3 ± 8.06 to 17.59 ± 9.11; P < 0.01). Independent determinants of FSFI were age, vaginal atrophy, and the presence of vaginal dryness and dyspareunia (R2 0.208; P = 0.011). FSFI score was independently correlated (R2 0.116) with weight (CR −0.067; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.126, −0.006; P < 0.032), menopausal status (CR −2.406; 95% CI −4.180, −0.63; P < 0.008), and vaginal dryness (CR −5.647; 95% CI −7.677, −3.618; P < 0.0001). Vaginal dryness was the only variable correlated independently with each FSFI domain, including desire (also correlated with menopausal status), arousal (with age and menopausal status), lubrication (with age), orgasm (with age), satisfaction (with vaginal atrophy and being an ex-smoker), and dyspareunia (with age and spontaneously referred dyspareunia).

Conclusions:
In the perimenopausal years, FSFI score decreases and sexual dysfunction increases by about 30%. Vaginal dryness is the symptom of vaginal atrophy most closely related to all domains of female sexuality.
Impact of evening primrose oil consumption on psychological symptoms of postmenopausal women: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sharif Seyedeh Nazanin , Darsareh Fatemeh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of evening primrose oil on women's psychological symptoms during menopause.Methods:A double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial carried out from September 2018 to February 2019 in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Eligible women randomly received either 1,000 mg of evening primrose oil capsules daily or matching placebo for 8 weeks. The Main outcome measures were psychological symptoms based on the psychological subscale of the Menopause Rating Scale. Independent samplesttest was used for intergroup comparisons and paired samplesttest for pre- and post-treatment comparisons.P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The 8-week treatment was completed by 189 women. The mean baseline psychological score did not differ among the two groups. After intervention, the psychological score, however, differed significantly among groups (P < 0.01). To distinguish the effect of evening primrose oil, we compared the reduction in the psychological score in each group. Regarding mean differences of the psychological score in both groups, there was a prominent alleviation in the intervention group mean difference: −3.44 (95% confidence interval of difference: −4.01 to −1.20) (P < 0.01). In addition, only one patient reported gastric upset in the intervention group.Conclusions:This study could provide evidence regarding the potential benefits of evening primrose oil for the psychological symptoms of postmenopausal women. Longer trials are necessary to make more reliable decisions about the use of evening primrose oil and its safety in clinical practice.
Identifying Children With Measles for Isolation in a High-volume Pediatric Emergency Department in Singapore
Authors: Teng Sung Shin , Chua Cheng Rong , Chan Yiong Huak , Ong Gene Yong-Kwang 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Viral exanthems in the pediatric age group are common. The worldwide increase in the incidence of highly infectious measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases and its impact in emergency departments (EDs) of a cosmopolitan city-state like Singapore are unknown. Our aims were to investigate and describe recent epidemiologic trends of proven measles infection seen in our ED and elucidate risk factors that can potentially impact our ED isolation practice.

Methods:
This is a retrospective observational cohort study on laboratory-confirmed measles infection in patients admitted through our pediatric ED from January 2010 to December 2016.

Results:
A total of 277 patients were hospitalized for measles infection during the study period. Of these, 177 patients (63.9%) were not isolated initially at the ED triage and 92 patients (33.2%) were not admitted to isolation wards on admission. Seventy-five patients (27.1%) with microbiologically proven measles had no rash at initial ED presentation. They presented earlier in their illness (3.1 days) compared with an average of 4.8 days for those who had a rash at presentation (P < 0.001). These patients without rash were younger, and most were admitted for poor feeding.

Conclusions:
Our study found that most pediatric patients who required hospitalization presented with nonspecific symptoms at an early phase of illness, making it challenging to adequately isolate patients despite strict isolation policies. This calls for the importance of universal push for global vaccination to increase herd immunity to prevent measles infection.
Growth Patterns in Children With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Tagarro Alfredo , Del Valle Ruth , Dominguez-Rodríguez Sara , Baquero-Artigao Fernando , Noguera-Julian Antoni , Vives-Oñós Isabel , Santos Mar , Hawkins María M. , Pérez-Seoane Beatriz , Medina Gema , Rojo Pablo , Frick M. Antoniette , Alonso-Ojembarrena Almudena , Rives María T. , Sota Itziar , Moliner Elisenda , Colino Elena , Cilleruelo María J. , Ramos José Tomás , Bustamante Jorge , Fortuny Claudia , Cañete Alfonso , Donoso Irene , Piñeiro María , Suárez Sergio , Blázquez-Gamero Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (CMVc) affects 0.7%–6% of recent births. Among its clinical manifestations are low weight and length at birth.

Objective:
Describe the growth patterns of children with CMVc in their early years.

Methods:
Observational, multicenter study of patients with CMVc. Anthropometric data were collected during the first 2 years of life and compared with World Health Organization standards.

Results:
Anthropometric characteristics of 383 children with CMVc were studied, of which 198 (51%) were symptomatic at birth. At birth, 9% were small for gestational age (SGA) in terms of their weight and length and 17% had microcephaly. At 24 ± 3 months, 10% had a weight and length ≤2 SD, and 13% a head circumference ≤2 SD. Of those who were SGA at birth, at 24 ± 3 months >20% remained at ≤2 SD of their weight and length. Conversely, 75% of children with low weight or length at 24 ± 3 had not been SGA at birth. 20% of infants with microcephaly at birth remained with microcephaly, and 10% of those without microcephaly developed it at 24 ± 3 months. The average growth rate in length and weight was normal. Patients who were symptomatic at birth, premature and with motor and neurocognitive impairment had a significantly higher risk of low weight and length at 24 ± 3 months.

Conclusion:
Around 10% of children with CMVc are at ≤2 SD in weight, length and head circumference at 24 ± 3 months. The lack of adequate growth is associated with symptoms at birth, prematurity and motor and neurocognitive impairment. Growth impairment could be incorporated into the symptomatic spectrum of CMVc.