bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical assessment of case‐based methods for identification of drugs associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the French National Healthcare System database (SNDS)
Authors: Thurin Nicolas H. , Lassalle Régis , Schuemie Martijn , Pénichon Marine , Gagne Joshua J. , Rassen Jeremy A. , Benichou Jacques , Weill Alain , Blin Patrick , Moore Nicholas , Droz‐Perroteau Cécile 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeUpper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a severe and frequent drug‐related event. In order to enable efficient drug safety alert generation in the French National Healthcare System database (SNDS), we assessed and calibrated empirically case‐based designs to identify drug associated with UGIB risk.MethodsAll cases of UGIB were extracted from SNDS (2009‐2014) using two definitions. Positive and negative drug controls were used to compare 196 self‐controlled case series (SCCS), case‐control (CC) and case‐population (CP) design variants. Each variant was evaluated in a 1/10th population sample using area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and mean square error (MSE). Parameters that had major impacts on results were identified through logistic regression. Optimal designs were replicated in the unsampled population.ResultsUsing a specific UGIB definition, AUCs ranged from 0.64 to 0.80, 0.44 to 0.61 and 0.50 to 0.67, for SCCS, CC and CP, respectively. MSE ranged from 0.07 to 0.39, 0.83 to 1.33 and 1.96 to 4.6, respectively. Univariate regressions showed that high AUCs were achieved with SCCS with multiple drug adjustment and a 30‐day risk window starting at exposure. The top‐performing SCCS variant in the unsampled population yielded an AUC = 0.84 and MSE = 0.14, with 10/36 negative controls presenting significant estimates.ConclusionsSCCS adjusting for multiple drugs and using a 30‐day risk window has the potential to generate UGIB‐related alerts in the SNDS and hypotheses on its potential population impact. Negative control implementation highlighted that low systematic error was generated but that protopathic bias and confounding by indication remained unaddressed issues.
Registration of ‘CP 09‐1385’ sugarcane
Authors: Coto Arbelo O. , Sandhu H.S. , Zhao D. , Gordon V. , Comstock J.C. , Sood S.G. , McCorkle K. , Davidson W. , Baltazar M. , McCord P. , Singh M.P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract‘CP 09‐1385’ (Reg. no. CV‐194; PI 691535) sugarcane, a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp., was developed through cooperative research conducted by the USDA–ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugar Cane League. It was selected from a biparental cross made at the USDA–ARS Sugarcane Field Station in Canal Point, FL, in December 2006 using the cultivars ‘CP 01‐2459’ as the female parent and ‘CP 00‐2188’ as the male parent. CP 09‐1385 was superior to the check cultivars ‘CL 88‐4730’, ‘CP 89‐2143’, and ‘CP 78‐1628’ on sand soils on the basis of cane and sucrose yields, and economic index (i.e., overall profitability). On muck soils, CP 09‐1385 showed superior cane and sucrose yields, and economic index compared with checks CP 78‐1628, CP 89‐2143, and ‘CP 00‐1101’. CP 09‐1385 is resistant to brown rust and showed resistance to Sugarcane mosaic virus under artificial inoculation. It is moderately resistant to orange rust, smut, and Sugarcane yellow leaf virus. This new cultivar is moderately susceptible to leaf scald on muck soils but moderately resistant on sand soils. CP 09‐1385 is moderately susceptible to ratoon stunting disease. These susceptibility levels are within an acceptable range for commercial production. Last, CP 09‐1385 demonstrates moderate to low tolerance to freezing conditions. This cultivar was released in June 2016 to be commercially cultivated in Florida on muck and sand lands.
Effectiveness of fractional exhaled nitric oxide for asthma management in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Xia , Tan Xiangsheng , Li Qubei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a noninvasive strategy for diagnosing and managing asthma, but limited evidence is available for the effects of FENO‐guided asthma management in children. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of FENO for asthma management in children.MethodsIn total, six databases were searched, and 23 randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of FENO‐guided asthma management with those not using FENO in pediatric asthma were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. Data for relevant endpoints were extracted and analyzed.ResultsOur meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of FENO for asthma management in children showed that FENO‐guided asthma management helped reduce the numbers of children with asthma exacerbations (risk ratio: 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI:] 0.63‐0.84; P < .0001) and the exacerbation frequency (standardized mean difference: −1.57; 95% CI: −2.25 to −0.88; P < .00001). Furthermore, it improved the predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 minute (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 3.67; 95% CI: 0.91‐6.43; P = .009) and was also found to be associated with an increase of daily inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose (WMD: 64.17 μg; 95% CI: 53.59‐74.75; P < .00001).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis indicated that the FENO‐guided asthma management strategy could partially improve the outcomes of pediatric asthma at the expense of increased ICS use.
Multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult non‐smoker treated with steroid therapy
Authors: Ito Haruka , Ito Masaru , Kakuta Yukio , Kaneko Takeshi , Okudera Koji , Ogura Takashi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe describe the case of a 29‐year‐old female non‐smoker who was treated with steroid therapy for a subacute exacerbation of multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (MS‐LCH) with worsening lung, skin, and oral mucosal lesions. The patient developed pneumonia, and computed tomography (CT) showed multiple thin‐walled cavities. Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) specimens revealed Langerhans cells, which were positive for CD1a and S‐100 expression. Similar histological findings were detected in the submandibular gland, skin, and tooth. On the basis of these findings, the patient was diagnosed with MS‐LCH and subsequently treated with steroid therapy. From the literature review, case reports of non‐smokers with pulmonary lesions that worsened and required treatment are rare. Almost all cases recurred and needed additional treatment. This case study contributes to our understanding of the potential role of steroid therapy in MS‐LCH treatment. Additionally, TBLC is a novel, potentially safer, diagnostic tool that has not been previously described for LCH.
The impact of global competitiveness on the growth of bioenergy industry in EU‐28 region
Authors: Alsaleh Mohd , Zubair Azeem Oluwaseyi , Abdul‐Rahim Abdul Samad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of global competitiveness determinants on the growth of the bioenergy industry in the European Union (EU‐28) region from 1990–2018. Applying the panel fixed effect model, the results revealed that the bioenergy industry grows with an increase in the global competitiveness index. While human capital, innovation ecosystem, markets, enabling environment, and gross domestic product found to be increasing the growth. The finding implies that the growth of the bioenergy industry in EU‐28 developed countries can be effectively strengthened by improving the quality of human capital and enabling environment. Also, the result implies that the growth of the bioenergy industry in EU‐28 developing countries can effectively improve by increasing the quality innovations system and markets. These will eventually contribute to tackling global warming and environmental pollution. The estimated results are considered robust as validated by panel random effect and pooled Ordinary Least Squares estimators. The study recommends for EU‐28 countries to increase the efficiency of global competitiveness indicators to achieve social and environmental objectives. Policymakers should also invest more in global competitiveness factors to increase the supply and accessibility of bioenergy output. The authorities of these countries can equally emphasize on efficiency and sustainability of global competitiveness decomposition to achieve energy security and reduce dependency on fossil fuel.
Feasibility study evaluating arrhythmogenesis and cardiac damage after heart‐base irradiation in mice: A brief communication
Authors: Elliott James , Linder Keith , Nolan Michael W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRadiation‐induced heart disease (RIHD) is a potential cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs undergoing thoracic irradiation. Arrhythmias and sudden death have been documented in dogs undergoing stereotactic body radiation therapy for heart base tumours. A study was proposed to interrogate the effect of different stereotactic‐like radiation prescriptions on RIHD development, including arrhythmogenesis and classical histological endpoints in a mouse model. A pilot study was performed initially. The heart base of CD1 (n = 3) and C57Bl/6J (n = 3) female mice were irradiated (12 Gy × 3, daily) with a clinical linear accelerator. No significant adverse effects were noted and each mouse survived the entire subsequent 3‐month observation period. At various time points, no arrhythmias were identified on ECG analysis. Cardiac histology (haematoxylin and eosin, and picrosirius red staining) was performed at 3 months. In a single CD1 mouse and two C57BI/6J mice, multifocal, minimal, peri‐vascular lymphoplasmacytic inflammation was noted within the irradiated proximal heart. In one mouse of each strain, a small, single focus of fibrinoid vascular necrosis was observed. Overall, there was no significant myocardial necrosis, atrophy or inflammation. Picrosirius red staining revealed no evidence of fibrosis in any mouse. Dosimetric verification indicated that the irradiation was successful and delivered as planned, with an average predicted‐to‐measured dose‐difference within 5%. While this study did not demonstrate significant arrhythmogenesis, certain modifications of the experimental mouse irradiation procedures are discussed which may enable more translationally relevant modelling of the canine cardiac response to SBRT‐like irradiation.
Towards System-Level Validation
Authors: Strasser T. I. , Pröstl Andrén F. , Calin M. , de Jong E. C. W. , Sosnina M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCyber-physical energy systems or smart grids tend to higher complexity due to the integration of renewables as well as the usage of advanced information and communication technology which is briefly outlined within this chapter. Moreover, the needs for system-level validation approaches, methods, and corresponding tools are discussed. Those needs are tackled by the ERIGrid approach which is also briefly sketched and introduced.
From Scenarios to Use Cases, Test Cases and Validation Examples
Authors: Maki K. , Kulmala A. , Heussen K. , Gehrke O. , Rikos E. , Merino J. , Rossi M. , Pellegrino L. , Sandroni C. , Degefa M. Z. , Taxt H. , Lagos D. , Kotsampopoulos P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSelected validation scenarios and corresponding test cases in the context of the ERIGrid project are presented in this chapter. Furthermore, the benefits of using the ERIGrid validation method and testing tools are discussed on the realized system validation examples.
Die interdisziplinäre alterstraumatologische Visite
Authors: Heck J. , Ranker A. , Wranke A. , Kano L. , Macke C. , Rademacher J. , Stichtenoth D. O. , Krause O. 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ein orthogeriatrisches Komanagement kann die Behandlungsqualität alterstraumatologischer Patienten verbessern.

Fragestellung
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Handlungsempfehlungen für den Klinikalltag zu formulieren, um die stationäre Behandlung unfallchirurgischer geriatrischer Patienten zu verbessern.

Material und Methoden
Über einen Zeitraum von 7 Monaten wurden 226 Patienten an 29 definierten, wöchentlichen Tagen unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Laborergebnisse, Vitalparameter, der Medikation sowie der klinischen Einschätzung des Pflegepersonals besprochen und visitiert. Neben Ärzten verschiedener Fachrichtungen (Unfallchirurgie, Geriatrie, Klinische Pharmakologie, Mikrobiologie) nahmen Pflegekräfte und Case Manager an den Visiten teil.

Ergebnisse
Pro Patientenkontakt wurden im Durchschnitt drei Handlungsempfehlungen ausgesprochen (zwei pharmakologische und eine allgemeine Empfehlung [z. B. zum Flüssigkeits- und Delirmanagement]). Pharmakologische und allgemeine Empfehlungen wurden in verschiedene Untergruppen eingeteilt. Die häufigste pharmakologische Empfehlung war, ein Medikament abzusetzen (30,4 % aller pharmakologischen Empfehlungen).

Diskussion
Bei der Pharmakotherapie geriatrischer Patienten müssen Kontraindikationen, Nebenwirkungen, Doppelverordnungen, zirkadiane Aspekte und die Nierenfunktion beachtet werden. Durch regelmäßige Reevaluation medizinischer Fremdkörper kann katheterassoziierten Infektionen vorgebeugt werden. Das Erkennen und die Behandlung eines postoperativen Delirs sind essenzielle Bestandteile einer interdisziplinären alterstraumatologischen Visite. Zur Beurteilung einer antiinfektiven Therapie leistet die Expertise eines Mikrobiologen/Infektiologen einen wertvollen Beitrag.
Topology optimization incorporating external variables with metamodeling
Authors: Maruyama Shun , Yamasaki Shintaro , Yaji Kentaro , Fujita Kikuo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective of conventional topology optimization is to optimize the material distribution for a prescribed design domain. However, solving the topology optimization problem strongly depends on the settings specified by the designer for the shape of the design domain or their specification of the boundary conditions. This contradiction indicates that the improvement of structures should be achieved by optimizing not only the material distribution but also the additional design variables that specify the above settings. We refer to the additional design variables as external variables. This paper presents our work relating to solving the design problem of topology optimization incorporating external variables. The approach we follow is to formulate the design problem as a multi-level optimization problem by focusing on the dominance-dependence relationship between external variables and material distribution. We propose a framework to solve the optimization problem utilizing the multi-level formulation and metamodeling. The metamodel approximates the relationship between the external variables and the performance of the corresponding optimized material distribution. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated by presenting three examples.
Geodetic VLBI for precise orbit determination of Earth satellites: a simulation study
Authors: Klopotek Grzegorz , Hobiger Thomas , Haas Rüdiger , Otsubo Toshimichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent efforts of tracking low Earth orbit and medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites using geodetic very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) raise questions on the potential of this novel observation concept for space geodesy. Therefore, we carry out extensive Monte Carlo simulations in order to investigate the feasibility of geodetic VLBI for precise orbit determination (POD) of MEO satellites and assess the impact of quality and quantity of satellite observations on the derived geodetic parameters. The MEO satellites are represented in our study by LAGEOS-1/-2 and a set of Galileo satellites. The concept is studied on the basis of 3-day solutions in which satellite observations are included into real schedules of the continuous geodetic VLBI campaign 2017 (CONT17) as well as simulated schedules concerning the next-generation VLBI system, known as the VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS). Our results indicate that geodetic VLBI can perform on a comparable level as other space-geodetic techniques concerning POD of MEO satellites. For an assumed satellite observation precision better than 14.1 mm (47 ps), an average 3D orbit precision of 2.0 cm and 6.3 cm is found for schedules including LAGEOS-1/-2 and Galileo satellites, respectively. Moreover, geocenter offsets, which were so far out of scope for the geodetic VLBI analysis, are close to the detection limit for the simulations concerning VGOS observations of Galileo satellites, with the potential to further enhance the results. Concerning the estimated satellite orbits, VGOS leads to an average precision improvement of 80% with respect to legacy VLBI. In absolute terms and for satellite observation precision of 14.1 mm (47 ps), this corresponds to an average value of 17 mm and 7 mm concerning the 3D orbit scatter and precision of geocenter components, respectively. As shown in this study, a poor satellite geometry can degrade the derived Earth rotation parameters and VLBI station positions, compared to the quasar-only reference schedules. Therefore, careful scheduling of both quasar and satellite observations should be performed in order to fully benefit from this novel observation concept.
Simultaneous analysis of multiple oligonucleotides by temperature-responsive chromatography using a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based stationary phase
Authors: Maekawa Yutaro , Yamazaki Kaichi , Ihara Miwa , Nagase Kenichi , Kanazawa Hideko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOligonucleotide therapeutics have contributed remarkably to healthcare, being well suited for the treatment of intractable diseases that are difficult to approach using conventional drug modalities. However, as common techniques of oligonucleotide analysis rely on reversed-phase or ion-exchange liquid chromatography and thus employ toxic organic solvents and/or ion-pairing reagents, better alternatives are highly sought after. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) is widely used in temperature-responsive chromatography (TRC), which relies on column temperature variation to control the physical properties of the stationary phase and, unlike conventional reversed-phase liquid chromatography, avoids the use of toxic organic solvents and complicated gradient methods. Herein, PNIPAAm copolymer hydrogel-modified silica beads were used for the simultaneous analysis of multiple synthetic oligonucleotides by TRC to recognize differences in the length of single nucleotides, single bases, and the number of phosphorothioated sites. Temperature-responsive elution was observed in all cases. Each separation of all combinations of multiple oligonucleotides was better at higher temperatures above the lower critical solution temperature and was performed without the use of organic solvents and gradient methods. In the case of multiply phosphorothioated oligonucleotides, good separation was achieved using an aqueous solvent and isocratic elution in the absence of ion-pairing reagents. Thus, the developed procedure was concluded to be well suited for oligonucleotide analysis.
Female dispersal patterns influenced by male tenure duration and group size in western lowland gorillas
Authors: Manguette Marie L. , Robbins Andrew M. , Breuer Thomas , Stokes Emma J. , Parnell Richard J. , Robbins Martha M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEvaluating the factors influencing the patterns of female dispersal in mammals is critical to understanding its importance for male and female reproductive strategies and the evolution of social systems. In western lowland gorillas, females emigrate from their natal group (natal dispersal) but also disperse between groups multiple times in their life (secondary dispersal). This strategy is uncommon in primates and may reflect females seeking to reduce feeding competition or female choice for males that can provide protection against infanticide. In this study, we test how inbreeding avoidance, group size, and male competitive ability could influence female dispersal in western gorillas, using 25 natal and 285 secondary dispersal events collected over 20 years at Mbeli Bai. We found that while all females dispersed out of their natal group, presumably to avoid inbreeding, females also left their group before having their first offspring when the dominant male was not their father, pointing towards unconditional dispersal by nulliparous females. Regarding secondary dispersal, we found that females were more likely to stay with males that were at the beginning of their tenure than transfer and more likely to disperse away from (presumably old) males that were near the end of their tenure or closer to their death. Females were also more likely to leave larger groups for smaller ones suggesting a potential effect of within-group feeding competition or avoidance of outsider males or predators. This study highlights the intersexual conflict found in gorillas: while female choice for high-quality males may influence the formation of their relatively rare social system, smaller group size may be more important for females than previously thought, which runs counter to the males’ interest of having a high number of females.SignificanceDispersal is a very important life strategy for most group-living mammals. Secondary dispersal by females is a rare behavior but is believed to be a counterstrategy against sexual coercion by males, reduces feeding competition, assists in predator avoidance, and facilitates mate choice. We studied the factors influencing secondary dispersal in western lowland gorillas. We found that the duration of male tenure and the size of the group influences female transfer decisions. This study shows that female reproductive strategies such as secondary dispersal may be very powerful to counter the risk of infanticide through female choice for better protector males but also to reduce the impact of feeding competition or to avoid predators or outsider males.
Factors associated with employment and expected work retention among persons with multiple sclerosis: findings of a cross-sectional citizen science study
Authors: Lehmann Anja I. , Rodgers Stephanie , Kamm Christian P. , Mettler Mathias , Steinemann Nina , Ajdacic-Gross Vladeta , Kaufmann Marco , Kesselring Jürg , Calabrese Pasquale , Salmen Anke , Gobbi Claudio , Zecca Chiara , Bauer Georg F. , von Wyl Viktor 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) notably affects adults of working age. For persons with MS (PwMS), being employed enhances their quality of life and it may be regarded as an indicator of overall functioning. Thus, ensuring work participation in PwMS is of general public health interest.

Objective
To examine relevant socio-demographic, MS-, health- and work-related factors, including psychosocial working conditions, associated with currently working PwMS in Switzerland and their expected work retention.

Methods
Using cross-sectional data of PwMS in the Swiss MS Registry (n = 541, median age = 48 [IQR 40;55]), multivariable logistic regression models were computed. First, currently working PwMS were characterised in comparison with those not currently working. Second, expected work retention, operationalized as subjective judgement “likely to work in the same job in 2 years”, was examined within the group of currently working PwMS.

Results
The factors age (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.99), sex (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.13–0.60), highest achieved job position (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01–1.46), health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.04) and the number of MS symptoms (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.98) were associated with currently working PwMS. Moreover, HRQoL (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04–1.10) and psychosocial working conditions, such as job resources (e.g. autonomy, control or social support) (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.50–5.33) and job demands (e.g. workload, time pressure) (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.90) were important factors for expected work retention among this group.

Conclusions
Resourceful psychosocial working conditions are crucial for PwMS to maintain employment. Employers could contribute to work retention among PwMS by creating a work environment with resourceful psychosocial working conditions and providing, for instance, social support.