bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Events in Surgical Neurology: The Novel Therapy-Disability-Neurology (TDN) Grade
Authors: Romain Terrapon Alexis Paul , Zattra Costanza Maria , Voglis Stefanos , Velz Julia , Vasella Flavio , Akeret Kevin , Held Ulrike , Schiavolin Silvia , Bozinov Oliver , Ferroli Paolo , Broggi Morgan , Sarnthein Johannes , Regli Luca , Neidert Marian Christoph 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe most widely used classifications of adverse events (AE) in surgical neurology assign a grade to AE that depends on the therapy used to treat them or on new neurologic deficits. Both concepts have substantial shortcomings in grading AE severity. We present a novel multidimensional approach to this challenge and aim at validating the new grading system.MethodsThe new Therapy-Disability-Neurology (TDN) grading system classifies AE into five grades, depending on the associated therapy, disability, and neurologic deficits. We conducted a two-center study on 6071 interventions covering the whole neurosurgical spectrum with data prospectively recorded between January 2013 and September 2019 at the University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and at the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (FINCB).FindingsUsing data from USZ, a positive correlation was found between the severity of AE and the length of hospital stay (LOS) as well as treatment cost. Each grade was associated with a greater deterioration of the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS) at discharge and at follow-up. Additionally, there was a correlation between the severity of AE and absolute KPS values. When using the same methods on an external validation cohort from FINCB, correlations between the grade of AE, LOS, and KPS at discharge were even more pronounced.InterpretationOur results suggest that the TDN grade is consistent with clinical and economic repercussions of AE and thus reflects AE severity. It is objective, practical, easily interpreted, and enables comparison between different medical centers. The TDN grade will constitute an important step forward towards a more precise and standardized documentation of AE and ultimately lead to a more critical and patient-centered appraisal of process and outcome measures in surgical neurology.FundingNone.
Impact of COVID-19 Attributable Deaths on Longevity, Premature Mortality and DALY: Estimates of USA, Italy, Sweden and Germany
Authors: Mohanty Sanjay K , Dubey Manisha , Mishra Udaya S , Sahoo Umakanta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn a short span of four months, the COVID-19 pandemic has added over 0.4 million deaths worldwide, which are untimely, premature and unwarranted. The USA, Italy, Germany and Sweden are four worst affected countries, accounting to over 40% of COVID-19 deaths globally. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of COVID-19 attributable deaths on longevity, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and disability adjusted life years (DALY) in USA, Italy, Germany and Sweden. Data from United Nation Population Projection, Statista and centre for disease control and prevention were used in the analyses. Life expectancy, YPLL and DALY were estimated under four scenarios; no COVID-19 deaths, actual number of COVID-19 death as of 22ndMay, 2020 and anticipating COVID-19 death share of 6% and 10% respectively. The COVID-19 attributable deaths have lowered the life expectancy by 0.4 years each in USA and Sweden, 0.5 years in Italy and 0.1 years in Germany. The loss of YPLL was 1.5, 0.5, 0.1 and 0.5 million in USA, Italy, Germany and Sweden respectively. The DALY (per 1000 population) due to COVID-19 was 4 in USA, 6 in Italy, 1 each in Germany and Sweden. Compression in life expectancy and increase in YPLL and DALY may intensify further if death continues to soar. COVID-19 has a marked impact on mortality. Reduction in longevity premature mortality and loss of DALY is higher among elderly.
Molecular tracing of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy in the first three months of the epidemic
Authors: Lai Alessia , Bergna Annalisa , Caucci Sara , Clementi Nicola , Vicenti Ilaria , Dragoni Filippo , Cattelan Anna Maria , Menzo Stefano , Pan Angelo , Callegaro Annapaola , Tagliabracci Adriano , Caruso Arnaldo , Caccuri Francesca , Ronchiadin Silvia , Balotta Claudia , Zazzi Maurizio , Vaccher Emanuela , Clementi Massimo , Galli Massimo , Zehender Gianguglielmo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is the characterization and genomic tracing by phylogenetic analyses of 59 new SARS-CoV-2 Italian isolates obtained from patients attending clinical centres in North and Central Italy until the end of April 2020.All but one of the newly characterized genomes belonged to the lineage B.1, the most frequently identified in European countries, including Italy. Only a single sequence was found to belong to lineage B.A mean of 6 nucleotide substitutions per viral genome was observed, without significant differences between synonymous and non-synonymous mutations, indicating genetic drift as a major source for virus evolution.tMRCA estimation confirmed the probable origin of the epidemic between the end of January and the beginning of February with a rapid increase in the number of infections between the end of February and mid-March. Since early February, an effective reproduction number (Re) greater than 1 was estimated, which then increased reaching the peak of 2.3 in early March, confirming the circulation of the virus before the first COVID-19 cases were documented.Continuous use of state-of-the-art methods for molecular surveillance is warranted to trace virus circulation and evolution and inform effective prevention and containment of future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.
Clinical characteristics and epidemiology survey of lung transplantation recipients accepting surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic : from area near Hubei Province
Authors: Qiu Lingxiao , Chen Shan shan , Wang Cong , Liu Caihong , Wang Huaqi , Zhao Xiaoguang , Fang Zeming , Chang Siyuan , Zhao Gaofeng , Zhang Guojun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLung transplantation recipients (LTx) were susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) and suffered a higher mortality risk than healthy subjects. Here we aim to analyze whether it was appropriate or and valuable to maintain lung transplant programs in medical institutions accepting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. In this study, the clinical characteristics, laboratory testing and epidemiology survey results of 10 LTx recipients undergoing allograft lung transplantation surgeries in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University during the COVID-19 pandemic were collected. A web-based epidemiology questionnaire was used to collect the information of LTx recipients after discharge. Up to now, none of the LTx recipients or their family members get infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the novel coronavirus pandemic. In conclusion, under the premise of taking appropriate preventive measures during hospitalization and after discharge, the lung transplant program can be maintained in the medical institution that accepts patients with COVID-19.
Digitized smart surveillance in malaria elimination programme in Mangaluru city, Karnataka, India ― a detailed account of operationalization in post-digitization years
Authors: Baliga B. Shantharam , Baliga Shrikala , Jain Animesh , Kulal Naveen , Kumar Manu , Koduvattat Naren , Kumar B. G. Prakash , Kumar Arun , Ghosh Susanta K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn indigenously developed digital handheld Android-based geographical information system (GIS)-tagged tablets (TABs) device has been deployed in Mangaluru city, Karnataka, India for smart surveillance in malaria elimination programme from October 2014. Here a detailed account is enumerated in the post-digitization years. The study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of the digitized surveillance system under the ongoing health system in Mangaluru city.MethodsA software developed for digitization of malaria surveillance was continued in the post-digitization years (PDY). The same digitization year (DY) protocol was followed in the post-digitization periods also. Secondary data from the malaria control software, total nunber of cases, active surveillance, malaria indices, and feedback from stakeholders were looked at and analyzed.ResultsDigital surveillance was sustained and the performance improved in the 5th year with participation of all stakeholders. Malaria indices significantly reduced to about 65% in the digitization years compared with digitization year (p<0.001). Slide positivity rate (SPR) decreased from 10.36 (DY) to 4.3 (PDY4). Annual parasite incidence (API) decreased from 16.17 (DY) to 5.4 (PDY4). There was a tempo-spatial correlation between closure of cases on 14th day and incidence of malaria. There was a negative correlation between contact smears and incidence of malaria (r = -0.907). Good impact was recorded in the pre-monsoon months (∼85%) and low impact in July and August months (∼40%).ConclusionSoftware helped to improve incidence-centric active surveillance, complete treatment with documentation of elimination of parasite, targeted vector control measures. The learnings and analytical output from the data helped to modify strategies for local control of both disease and the vector.
Early Detection Of COVID-19 Using A Smartwatch
Authors: Mishra Tejaswini , Wang Meng , Metwally Ahmed A. , Bogu Gireesh K , Brooks Andrew W , Bahmani Amir , Alavi Arash , Celli Alessandra , Higgs Emily , Dagan-Rosenfeld Orit , Fay Bethany , Kirkpatrick Susan , Kellogg Ryan , Gibson Michelle , Wang Tao , Rolnik Benjamin , Ganz Ariel B , Li Xiao , Snyder Michael P 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWearable devices digitally measuring vital signs have been used for monitoring health and illness onset and have high potential for real-time monitoring and disease detection. As such they are potentially useful during public health crises, such as the current COVID-19 global pandemic. Using smartwatch data from 31 infected individuals identified from a cohort of over 5000 participants, we investigated the use of wearables for early, presymptomatic detection of COVID-19. From physiological and activity data, we first demonstrate that COVID-19 infections are associated with alterations in heart rate, steps and sleep in 80% of COVID-19 infection cases. Failure to detect these changes in the remaining patients often occurred in those with chronic respiratory/lung disease. Importantly the physiological alterations were detected prior to, or at, symptom onset in over 85% of the positive cases (21/24), in some cases nine or more days before symptoms. Through daily surveys we can track physiological changes with symptom onset and severity. Finally, we develop a method to detect onset of COVID-19 infection in real-time which detects 67% of infection cases at or before symptom onset. Our study provides a roadmap to a rapid and universal diagnostic method for the large-scale detection of respiratory viral infections in advance of symptoms, highlighting a useful approach for managing epidemics using digital tracking and health monitoring.
COVID-19 screening strategies that permit the safe re-opening of college campuses
Authors: Paltiel A. David , Zheng Amy , Walensky Rochelle P. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTImportanceThe COVID-19 pandemic poses an existential threat to many US residential colleges: either they open their doors to students in September or they risk serious financial consequences.ObjectiveTo define SARS-CoV-2 screening performance standards that would permit the safe return of students to campus for the Fall 2020 semester.DesignDecision and cost-effectiveness analysis linked to a compartmental epidemic model to evaluate campus screening using tests of varying frequency (daily-weekly), sensitivity (70%-99%), specificity (98%-99.7%), and cost ($10-$50/test). Reproductive numbers Rt = {1.5, 2.5, 3.5} defined three epidemic scenarios, with additional infections imported via exogenous shocks. We generally adhered to US government guidance for parameterization data.ParticipantsA hypothetical cohort of 5000 college-age, uninfected students.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)Cumulative tests, infections, and costs; daily isolation dormitory census; incremental cost-effectiveness; and budget impact. All measured over an 80-day, abbreviated semester.ResultsWith Rt = 2.5, daily screening with a 70% sensitive, 98% specific test produces 85 cumulative student infections and isolation dormitory daily census averaging 108 (88% false positives). Screening every 2 (7) days nets 135 (3662) cumulative infections and daily isolation census 66 (252) with 73% (4%) false positives. Across all scenarios, test frequency exerts more influence on outcomes than test sensitivity. Cost-effectiveness analysis selects screening every {2, 1, 7} days with a 70% sensitive test as the preferred strategy for Rt = {2.5, 3.5, 1.5}, implying a screening cost of {$470, $920, $120} per student per semester.Conclusions & RelevanceRapid, inexpensive and frequently conducted screening – even if only 70% sensitive – would be cost-effective and produce a modest number of COVID-19 infections. While the optimal screening frequency hinges on the success of behavioral interventions to reduce the base severity of transmission (Rt), this could permit the safe return of student to campus.KEY POINTSQuestionWhat SARS-CoV-2 screening and isolation program will keep U.S. residential college students safe and permit the reopening of campuses?FindingsFrequent screening (every 2 or 3 days) of all students with a low-sensitivity, high-specificity test will control outbreaks with manageable isolation dormitory utilization at a justifiable cost.MeaningCampuses can safely reopen in the Fall 2020 but success hinges on frequent screening and uncompromising, continuous attention to basic prevention and behavioral interventions to reduce the baseline severity of transmission.
Parallel structure of six wheel-legged robot trajectory tracking control with heavy payload under uncertain physical interaction
Authors: Li Jiehao , Wang Junzheng , Wang Shoukun , Peng Hui , Wang Bomeng , Qi Wen , Zhang Longbin , Su Hang 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims on the trajectory tracking of the developed six wheel-legged robot with heavy load conditions under uncertain physical interaction. The accuracy of trajectory tracking and stable operation with heavy load are the main challenges of parallel mechanism for wheel-legged robots, especially in complex road conditions. To guarantee the tracking performance in an uncertain environment, the disturbances, including the internal friction, external environment interaction, should be considered in the practical robot system.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a fuzzy approximation-based model predictive tracking scheme (FMPC) for reliable tracking control is developed to the six wheel-legged robot, in which the fuzzy logic approximation is applied to estimate the uncertain physical interaction and external dynamics of the robot system. Meanwhile, the advanced parallel mechanism of the electric six wheel-legged robot (BIT-NAZA) is presented.

Findings
Co-simulation and comparative experimental results using the BIT-NAZA robot derived from the developed hybrid control scheme indicate that the methodology can achieve satisfactory tracking performance in terms of accuracy and stability.

Originality/value
This research can provide theoretical and engineering guidance for lateral stability of intelligent robots under unknown disturbances and uncertain nonlinearities and facilitate the control performance of the mobile robots in a practical system.
Linking digital platforms' service dimensions to customers' purchase
Authors: Saberian Fatemeh , Amirshahi Mirahmad , Ebrahimi Mahdi , Nazemi Asieh 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to identify the dimensions of digital platforms' services quality and their impact on customers' purchase intent based on customer experience.

Design/methodology/approach
The research has a mixed method. Qualitative data is gathered by using of systematic literature review and Delphi method and quantitative data is gathered through survey of 412 experts from three well-known restaurant industry platforms. These restaurant digital platforms were Snapfood, Changal and Chelivery.

Findings
The results indicate the effect of platforms' service quality dimensions on customer hedonic and cognitive experiences. Also, the results indicate that the platforms' customers attach different priority to the various dimensions of platforms' services quality which are platform services' ease of use, platform information quality, services and products quality, platform customers interaction, platform design, platform response speed, platform services' trustiness, platform services' security and platform responsibility. Finally, the results showed that all of these dimensions have positive impact on customers' purchase intent based on their experiences.

Originality/value
The development of digital service platforms despite being new, has recently great progress, but, many dimensions of digital platforms' services quality have been not well-known yet. The present research has cleared the subject.
How does farmers' field schooling impact eco-efficiency? Empirical evidence from paddy farmers in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Sariful , Ferdousy Sabiha , Afrin Sonia , Ahsan Md. Nasif , Haider Mohammed Ziaul , Das Debasish Kumar 
Published: July 2020

PurposeRecent studies suggest extensive use of environmental resources in agrofarming degrades ecosystem significantly. In this backdrop, this study aims at assessing ecoefficiency of paddy farming. Because ecoefficiency links up between economic performances and environmental resources supporting the provision of goods and services for the society, this study further investigates the effectiveness of attending Farmers' Field School (FFS), an agroenvironmental program, in conserving environmental resources through improving farm-level ecoefficiency.Design/methodology/approachIn a dataset of 200 randomly selected paddy farmers from three districts of the southwestern Bangladesh, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is applied to compute both radial and pressure-specific (nutrient balance, energy balance, irrigation and pesticide lethal risk) ecoefficiency scores. Furthermore, propensity score matching (PSM) technique is applied to examine the impact of FFS program on farm-level ecoefficiency.FindingsThe DEA results suggest that paddy farmers are highly eco-inefficient. The computed radial eco-efficiency score is 0.40 implying farmers could reduce around 60% of environmental pressure equiproportionally even by maintaining the same level of value addition. In addition, the PSM results suggest farmers' participation in FFS program led to around 22.5% higher radial ecoefficiency and 7–25% higher environmental pressure-specific eco-efficiencies. Furthermore, simulation exercises reveal that FFS participation in interaction with farm size would lead to around 32–40% reduction of all environmental pressures.Practical implicationsPromoting FFS programs among paddy farmers could be an effective policy option to improve eco-efficiency through environment-friendly farming paradigm.Originality/valueThis study is probably the maiden effort that has examined the impact of attending the FFS program on ecoefficiency improvement in Bangladesh. This study contributes to both the concern literature by adding useful information and the policymakers by providing new insights about the reduction of environmental resource usage with maintaining the same value addition from agrofarming.
Impact of lean operations on the roles of finance functions and their application of lean
Authors: Nielsen Henrik , Kristensen Thomas Borup 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to study the relations between lean operations, lean principles in finance functions and the roles of finance functions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses structural equation modeling to analyze data from 408 different firms in the Danish production and services sectors. A dyadic approach is applied, as a sub-sample of 107 chief operating officers in the responding firms is used to investigate the construct validity, reliability and average deviation index of the instrument measuring the roles of finance functions.FindingsThe paper finds that lean-operation firms emphasize four different yet interdependent roles of finance functions. The paper also finds that lean operation leads to firms’ finance functions adopting lean principles.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper characterizes lean-operation firms as contextually ambidextrous to predict relations between lean operation and roles of finance functions. The paper expands prior case study findings on the roles of finance functions in lean-operation firms, and the findings of the paper underline that finance functions continue to play an important role in these firms.Practical implicationsDecision-makers in lean-operation firms should not be hesitant with respect to integrating finance function workers into the lean operation. Furthermore, decision-makers should understand that a balanced emphasis of the roles of finance functions is necessary to avoid overemphasizing exploitation at the expense of exploration, or vice versa.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to provide large-scale evidence of the roles of finance functions in lean-operation firms and to show that lean principles diffuse to finance functions. Furthermore, the paper introduces a new instrument for measuring finance function roles, based on the competing values framework.
Research on dynamic stiffness of the damping element in bellows-type fluid viscous damper by a simplified model
Authors: Jiao Xiaolei , Zhang Jinxiu , Zhao Hongchao , Yan Yong 
Published: July 2020

PurposeBellows-type fluid viscous damper can be used to isolate micro vibration in high-precision satellites. The conventional model cannot describe hydraulic stiffness in the medium- and high-frequency domain of this damper. A simplified analytical model needs to be established to analyze hydraulic stiffness of the damping element in this damper.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, a bellows-type fluid viscous damper is researched, and a simplified model of the damping element in this damper is proposed. Based on this model, the hydraulic stiffness and damping of this damper in the medium- and high-frequency domains are studied, and a comparison is made between the analytical model and a finite element model to verify the analytical model.FindingsThe results show that when silicone oil has low viscosity, a model that considers the influence of the initial segment of the damping orifice is more reasonable. In the low-frequency domain, hydraulic stiffness increases quickly with frequency and remains stable when the frequency increases to a certain value; the stable stiffness can reach 106 N/m, which is much higher than the main stiffness. Excessive dynamic stiffness in the high-frequency domain will cause poor vibration isolation performance. Adding compensation bellows to the end of the original isolator may be an effective solution.Practical implicationsA model of the isolator containing the compensation bellows can be derived based on this analytical model. This research can also be used for dynamic modeling and vibration isolation performance analysis of a vibration isolation platform based on this bellows-type fluid viscous damper.Originality/valueThis paper proposed a simplified model of damping element in bellows-type fluid viscous damper, which can be used to analyze hydraulic stiffness in this damper and it was found that this damper showed stable hydraulic stiffness in the medium- and high-frequency domains.