bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The investigation of relaxation mechanism and model of polystyrene in high‐elastic state
Authors: Zeng Guangsheng , Sun Zexun , Huang Xinping , Jiang Taijun , Hu Can 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe relaxation behavior of polymer in its high elastic state is a key factor which determines the molding process and accuracy of its products. Polystyrene with different molecular weights are selected as research object and its relaxation time at different temperatures was tested by torque rheometer. Combining the relationship of “temperature‐relaxation time”, to deeply analyze its relaxation mechanism, a physical model of high elastic relaxation time of polystyrene based on the movement of molecular chains was established, and the change of the physical model at different temperatures was explained. The corresponding mathematical model was obtained by analyzing the influence of the weight average molecular weight Mw, dispersion D, and temperature T parameters of polystyrene on its relaxation time. The results of experiments and model calculations reveal that the relaxation time of polystyrene under high elasticity does not continue to decrease with the increase of temperature, but it changes in an M‐shape with the increase of temperature, that is, the relaxation time shows an upward trend at 155°C – 160°C and a downward trend at 160°C – 165°C. It has an increasing trend at 165°C – 170°C, and a decreasing trend at 170°C – 175°C. Polystyrenes with different molecular weights and dispersion degrees have different M forms. The research results have theoretical guiding significance for polymer processing.
Thermal insulation behaviour of Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber/kevlar fiber based hybrid composites containing Nanosilica for solid rocket motor insulation
Authors: George Kesiya , Mohanty Smita , Biswal Manoranjan , Nayak Sanjay K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current research discusses the properties of an elastomeric heat‐shielding material, based on nano‐silica (NS) filled ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber/Kevlar fiber (KF) hybrid composites. The developed elastomeric insulating material consists of an aromatic polyamide fiber (KF) and silica nanoparticles. An in‐depth analysis of mechanical properties, density, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, thermogravimetric analysis, and heat release rate of the insulating materials ‐was performed. TEM micrograph represents an excellent distribution of nanoparticles in the EPDM matrix. The improvement in the mechanical and the flame retardancy of the NS filled EPDM/KF hybrid composite insulations is based on the fiber/matrix adhesion. Maleic anhydride grafting confers polarity to the nonpolar rubber matrix. The char residues of the insulations inspected by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy are depicting a rigid and rough surface by the optimal composites, which can aid in better insulation. The optimal formulation of the hybrid composites exhibited a 220% enhancement in char residue with improved thermal stability and mechanical properties.
Changes in free volume and gas permeation properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite membranes modified using cage‐structured polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
Authors: Swapna Valiya Parambath , Kaliyathan Abitha Vayyaprontavida , Abhisha Vakkoottil Sivadasan , Maria Hanna Joseph , Nambissan Padinharu Madathil Gopalakrishnan , Thomas Sabu , Stephen Ranimol 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present work reports the effect of various organically functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) particles on the gas transport properties (N2, O2, and CO2 molecules) in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes. The incorporation of polyethylene glycol‐POSS (PEG‐POSS), octa‐tetramethylammonium‐POSS (Octa‐TMA‐POSS) and m‐POSS (Octa‐TMA‐POSS molecule was modified using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) led to the enhancement in CO2 separation performance of PVA, among which, PEG‐POSS exhibited highest CO2 separation due to the dipole‐quadrupolar interaction of CO2 with ethylene oxide group in POSS. Octa‐TMA‐POSS and m‐POSS reduced the O2 and N2 permeability of the PVA membrane due to the reduction in the number of permeating pathways as compared to pure PVA. Free volume of the membranes was evaluated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopic (PALS) and coincidence Doppler broadening measurements. PALS confirms the increase in polymer free volume in PVA/POSS system due to the presence of rigid and spherical POSS molecule, which could enter in the polymer chain and provide viable pathway for molecular transport. Maxwel–Wagner–Sillar and Higuchi models were applied for the theoretical prediction of permeability of the fabricated membranes.
Battered mothers and children in the courts: A lawyer's view
Authors: Fischel‐Wolovick Lisa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe prevention of harm to battered mothers and children during custody and divorce litigation requires a trauma‐informed judicial approach. The existence of competing definitions of domestic violence, gender‐biased theories of parental alienation, and requirements that battered mothers co‐parent have undermined legislation intended to protect victims of domestic violence and their children. An informed judicial response to domestic violence requires mental health professionals who are able to identify the multiple patterns of abuse including physical, emotional, economic, and sexual coercively controlling behaviors, as well as the risks of post‐separation violence. The family courts' lack of transparency and limited public access has further contributed to its reliance on empirically weak gender‐biased parental alienation theories. Mental health professionals who provide interdisciplinary support to these courts must have graduate clinical education in domestic violence, child maltreatment, development, and trauma. Additional systemic changes should include neutral court watch observers to promote accountability and transparency, as well as appropriate services, to these vulnerable families.
Citizen science sheds light on the cryptic ornate eagle ray Aetomylaeus vespertilio
Authors: Araujo Gonzalo , Legaspi Christine , Matthews Kinsey , Ponzo Alessandro , Chin Andrew , Manjaji‐Matsumoto B. Mabel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The ornate eagle ray Aetomylaeus vespertilio (Bleeker, 1852) is a rare and Endangered species of eagle ray, with a patchy distribution across the Indo‐West Pacific region, for which data are scarce.
Citizen science‐sourced data from online social media platforms were used to shed light on the distribution and ecology of the ornate eagle ray.
A total of 53 reports of A. vespertilio were found on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube, including four reports of dead specimens. All live reports occurred in shallow reef or lagoon ecosystems. Two individual A. vespertilio specimens were re‐sighted in the same general area following initial identification within 9 and 13 months at Ningaloo Reef and at Lady Elliot Island, Australia, respectively, as confirmed through their dorsal spot patterns. One report was at Richard's Bay in South Africa, the southernmost known location for this species in the Indian Ocean (28°S). Live reports were also reported from the Maldives, the Seychelles, Egypt (Red Sea), Philippines, Palau, and elsewhere on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
Results indicate that citizen‐collected data can shed light on the occurrence and distribution of cryptic species, as well as complement monitoring programmes.
Research data management policy and practice in Chinese university libraries
Authors: Huang Yingshen , Cox Andrew M. , Sbaffi Laura 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOn April 2, 2018, the State Council of China formally released a national Research Data Management (RDM) policy “Measures for Managing Scientific Data”. In this context and given that university libraries have played an important role in supporting RDM at an institutional level in North America, Europe, and Australasia, the aim of this article is to explore the current status of RDM in Chinese universities, in particular how university libraries have been involved in taking the agenda forward. This article uses a mixed‐methods data collection approach and draws on a website analysis of university policies and services; a questionnaire for university librarians; and semi‐structured interviews. Findings indicate that Research Data Service at a local level in Chinese Universities are in their infancy. There is more evidence of activity in developing data repositories than support services. There is little development of local policy. Among the explanations of this may be the existence of a national‐level infrastructure for some subject disciplines, the lack of professionalization of librarianship, and the relatively weak resonance of openness as an idea in the Chinese context.
Oxygen doped g‐C3N4 with nitrogen vacancy for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Tang Hua , Xia Zhihua , Chen Ran , Liu Qinqin , Zhou Tianhua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGenerally, bulk graphic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) suffers from fast photogenerated charge carrier combination, inferior light absorption and insufficient active sites. Herein, we developed a defect engineering approach which can simultaneously realize O dopant and N defects in the g‐C3N4 framework via an acid‐assisted thermal treatment route. The modified g‐C3N4 demonstrated greatly enhanced photocatalytic H2 activity with a H2 evolution rate of 2.20 mmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1, which is more than three times higher than that of bulk g‐C3N4. The mechanism of the enhanced activity was investigated and proposed that the introduction of O dopants and N defects in the g‐C3N4 could optimize the electron structure, up‐shift the conduction band, increase the surface area, and thus achieve more efficient separation of photogenerated carriers, stronger reduction ability and abundant active sites for photocatalytic H2 evolution. Thus, defect engineering has been demonstrated to be a prospective strategy to modify the performance of g‐C3N4 for future photocatalytic energy generation.
Inferential aspects for the optimal selection of the control parameters in Taguchi method
Authors: Facchinetti Silvia , Osmetti Silvia Angela , Magagnoli Umberto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on the estimation of dispersion effects in off‐line quality control techniques. In this context, the Taguchi design for the optimal choice of process parameters is one of the most commonly used statistical methods. Starting from Taguchi methodology, we consider that an additive or a multiplicative model defines the relationship between the deterministic component and the variability of the process. We apply a hypothesis testing in order to find the optimal factor combination that minimizes the variability indicator of product quality, using ranking and selection methods of the Bechhofer kind. Moreover, an extensive simulation study shows how the probability of finding the optimal set of factors changes according to the main sampling parameters, in order to provide guidance for practitioners.
Testing inflated zeros in binomial regression models
Authors: Ye Peng , Tang Yi , Sun Liuquan , Tang Wan , He Hua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBinomial regression models are commonly applied to proportion data such as those relating to the mortality and infection rates of diseases. However, it is often the case that the responses may exhibit excessive zeros; in such cases a zero‐inflated binomial (ZIB) regression model can be applied instead. In practice, it is essential to test if there are excessive zeros in the outcome to help choose an appropriate model. The binomial models can yield biased inference if there are excessive zeros, while ZIB models may be unnecessarily complex and hard to interpret, and even face convergence issues, if there are no excessive zeros. In this paper, we develop a new test for testing zero inflation in binomial regression models by directly comparing the amount of observed zeros with what would be expected under the binomial regression model. A closed form of the test statistic, as well as the asymptotic properties of the test, is derived based on estimating equations. Our systematic simulation studies show that the new test performs very well in most cases, and outperforms the classical Wald, likelihood ratio, and score tests, especially in controlling type I errors. Two real data examples are also included for illustrative purpose.
Intraoperative imaging for remnant viability assessment in bilateral posterior retroperitoneoscopic partial adrenalectomy in an experimental model
Authors: Seeliger B , Alesina P F , Walz M K , Pop R , Charles A-L , Geny B , Messaddeq N , Kontogeorgos G , Mascagni P , Seyller E , Marescaux J , Agnus V , Diana M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
A surgical approach preserving functional adrenal tissue allows biochemical cure while avoiding the need for lifelong steroid replacement. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the impact of intraoperative imaging during bilateral partial adrenalectomy on remnant perfusion and function.

Methods
Five pigs underwent bilateral posterior retroperitoneoscopic central adrenal gland division (9 divided glands, 1 undivided). Intraoperative perfusion assessment included computer-assisted quantitative fluorescence imaging, contrast-enhanced CT, confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) and local lactate sampling. Specimen analysis after completion adrenalectomy (10 adrenal glands) comprised mitochondrial activity and electron microscopy.

Results
Fluorescence signal intensity evolution over time was significantly lower in the cranial segment of each adrenal gland (mean(s.d.) 0·052(0·057) versus 0·133(0·057) change in intensity per s for cranial versus caudal parts respectively; P = 0·020). Concordantly, intraoperative CT in the portal phase demonstrated significantly lower contrast uptake in cranial segments (P = 0·031). In CLE, fluorescein contrast was observed in all caudal segments, but in only four of nine cranial segments (P = 0·035). Imaging findings favouring caudal perfusion were congruent, with significantly lower local capillary lactate levels caudally (mean(s.d.) 5·66(5·79) versus 11·58(6·53) mmol/l for caudal versus cranial parts respectively; P = 0·008). Electron microscopy showed more necrotic cells cranially (P = 0·031). There was no disparity in mitochondrial activity (respiratory rates, reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide production) between the different segments.

Conclusion
In a model of bilateral partial adrenalectomy, three intraoperative imaging modalities consistently discriminated between regular and reduced adrenal remnant perfusion. By avoiding circumferential dissection, mitochondrial function was preserved in each segment of the adrenal glands. Surgical relevancePreservation of adrenal tissue to maintain postoperative function is essential in bilateral and hereditary adrenal pathologies. There is interindividual variation in residual adrenocortical stress capacity, and the minimal functional remnant size is unknown.New intraoperative imaging technologies allow improved remnant size and perfusion assessment. Fluorescence imaging and contrast-enhanced intraoperative CT showed congruent results in evaluation of perfusion.Intraoperative imaging can help to visualize the remnant vascular supply in partial adrenalectomy. Intraoperative assessment of perfusion may foster maximal functional tissue preservation in bilateral adrenal pathologies and procedures.
Assessing differential effects of single and accelerated low‐frequency rTMS to the visual cortex on GABA and glutamate concentrations
Authors: Rafique Sara A. , Steeves Jennifer K. E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for therapeutic use in visual‐related disorders and its underlying mechanisms in the visual cortex is under‐investigated. Additionally, there is little examination of rTMS adverse effects particularly with regards to visual and cognitive function. Neural plasticity is key in rehabilitation and recovery of function; thus, effective therapeutic strategies must be capable of modulating plasticity. Glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐mediated changes in the balance between excitation and inhibition are prominent features in visual cortical plasticity.Objectives and methodWe investigated the effects of low‐frequency (1 Hz) rTMS to the visual cortex on levels of neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate to determine the therapeutic potential of 1 Hz rTMS for visual‐related disorders. Two rTMS regimes commonly used in clinical applications were investigated: participants received rTMS to the visual cortex either in a single 20‐min session or five accelerated 20‐min sessions (not previously investigated at the visual cortex). Proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy for in vivo quantification of GABA (assessed via GABA+) and glutamate (assessed via Glx) concentrations was performed pre‐ and post‐rTMS.ResultsGABA+ and Glx concentrations were unaltered following a single session of rTMS to the visual cortex. One day of accelerated rTMS significantly reduced GABA+ concentration for up to 24 hr, with levels returning to baseline by 1‐week post‐rTMS. Basic visual and cognitive function remained largely unchanged.ConclusionAccelerated 1 Hz rTMS to the visual cortex has greater potential for approaches targeting plasticity or in cases with altered GABAergic responses in visual disorders. Notably, these results provide preliminary insight into a critical window of plasticity with accelerated rTMS (e.g., 24 hr) in which adjunct therapies may offer better functional outcome. We describe detailed procedures to enable further exploration of these protocols.
Self‐assembled, Programmable DNA Nanodevices for Biological and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Bhatia Dhiraj , Wunder Christian , Johannes Ludger 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe broad field of structural DNA nanotechnology has diverged into various areas of applications ranging from computing, photonics, synthetic biology, and biosensing to in‐vivo bioimaging and therapeutic delivery, to name but a few. Though the field began to exploit DNA to build various nanoscale architectures, it has now taken a new path to diverge from structural DNA nanotechnology to functional or applied DNA nanotechnology. More recently a third sub‐branch has emerged‐biologically oriented DNA nanotechnology, which seeks to explore the functionalities of combinatorial DNA devices in various biological systems. In this review, we summarize the key developments in DNA nanotechnology revealing a current trend that merges the functionality of DNA devices with the specificity of biomolecules to access a range of functions in biological systems. This review seeks to provide a perspective on the evolution and biological applications of DNA nanotechnology, where the integration of DNA structures with biomolecules can now uncover phenomena of interest to biologists and biomedical scientists. Finally, we conclude with the challenges, limitations, and perspectives of DNA nanodevices in fundamental and applied research.
Synthetic Antibody Mimics Based on Cancer‐Targeting Immunostimulatory Peptides
Authors: Descalzi‐Montoya Dante , Montel Rachel A. , Smith Keith , Dziopa Eugenia , Darwich Andrieh , Yang Zheng , Bitsaktsis Constantine , Korngold Robert , Sabatino David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDe novo cancer‐targeting immunostimulatory peptides have been designed and developed as synthetic antibody mimics. A series of bifunctional peptides incorporating NKp30‐binding and NK‐cell‐activating domains were synthesized as linear dimers and then extended into branching trimeric peptides by the incorporation of GRP78‐targeting and tumor‐cell‐binding sequences. A selected trimeric peptide from this small set of peptides displayed binding capabilities on GRP78+ HepG2 and A549 target cells. Cell binding diminished in the presence of an anti‐GRP78 peptide blocker, thus suggesting GRP78‐binding dependence. Similarly, the selected trimeric peptide was also found to exhibit NK cell binding in an NKp30‐dependent manner, which translated into NK cell activation as indicated by cytokine secretion. In co‐culture, fluorescence microscopy revealed that the target GFP‐expressing A549 cells were visibly associated with the effector NK cells when pre‐activated with lead trimeric peptide. Accordingly, A549 cells were found to be compromised, as evidenced by the loss of GFP signal and notable detection of early‐/late‐stage apoptosis. Investigation of the immunological markers related to toxicity revealed detectable secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐8. Furthermore, administration of peptide‐activated NK cells into A549‐tumor‐bearing mice resulted in a consistent decrease in tumor growth when compared to the untreated control group. Taken together, the identification of a lead trimeric peptide capable of targeting and activating NK cells’ immunotoxicity directly towards GRP78+/B7H6‐ tumors provides a novel proof‐of‐concept for the development of cancer‐targeting immunostimulatory peptide ligands that mimic antibody‐targeting and ‐activating functions related to cancer immunotherapy applications.
Photo‐biocatalytic Cascades: Combining Chemical and Enzymatic Transformations Fueled by Light
Authors: Özgen Fatma Feyza , Runda Michael E. , Schmidt Sandy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the field of green chemistry, light – an attractive natural agent – has received particular attention for driving biocatalytic reactions. Moreover, the implementation of light to drive (chemo)enzymatic cascade reactions opens up a golden window of opportunities. However, there are limitations to many current examples, mostly associated with incompatibility between the enzyme and the photocatalyst. Additionally, the formation of reactive radicals upon illumination and the loss of catalytic activities in the presence of required additives are common observations. As outlined in this review, the main question is how to overcome current challenges to the exploitation of light to drive (chemo)enzymatic transformations. First, we highlight general concepts in photo‐biocatalysis, then give various examples of photo‐chemoenzymatic (PCE) cascades, further summarize current synthetic examples of PCE cascades and discuss strategies to address the limitations.
The Peculiar Structure of Acetobacter pasteurianus CIP103108 LPS Core Oligosaccharide
Authors: Marchetti Roberta , Nieto Fabregat Ferran , Pallach Mateusz , Gully Djamel , Giraud Eric , Molinaro Antonio , Duda Katarzyna A. , Silipo Alba 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcetobacter pasteurianus, a member of the Alphaproteobacteria, is an acetic acid‐producing bacterium present on sugar‐rich substrates such as such as fruits, flowers and vegetables and traditionally used in the production of fermented food. The preferred living habitat associated with acid conditions makes the structure of the bacterial cell wall interesting to study, due to expected uncommon features. We have used a combination of chemical, analytical and NMR spectroscopy approaches to define the complete structure of the core oligosaccharide from A. pasteurianus CIP103108 LPS. Interestingly, the core oligosaccharide displays a high concentration of negatively charged groups, structural features that might contribute to reinforcing the bacterial membrane.