bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of CSF core Alzheimer disease biomarkers for routine clinical diagnosis: do fresh vs frozen samples differ?
Authors: Bellomo Giovanni , Cataldi Samuela , Paciotti Silvia , Paolini Paoletti Federico , Chiasserini Davide , Parnetti Lucilla 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-beta (Aβ) 42/40 ratio, threonine-181-phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), and total-tau (t-tau) represent core biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD). The recent availability of automated platforms has represented a significant achievement for reducing the pre-analytical variability of these determinations in clinical setting. With respect to classical manual ELISAs, these platforms give us also the possibility to measure any single sample and to get the result within approximately 30 min. So far, reference values have been calculated from measurements obtained in frozen samples. In this work, we wanted to check if the values obtained in fresh CSF samples differ from those obtained in frozen samples, since this issue is mandatory in routine diagnostic work.

Methods
Fifty-eight consecutive CSF samples have been analyzed immediately after lumbar puncture and after 1-month deep freezing (− 80 °C). As an automated platform, we used Lumipulse G600-II (Fujirebio Inc.). Both the fresh and the frozen aliquots were analyzed in their storage tubes.

Results
In fresh samples, a mean increase of Aβ40 (6%), Aβ42 (2%), p-tau (2%), and t-tau (4%) was observed as compared to frozen samples, whereas a slight decrease was observed for Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (4%), due to the higher deviation of Aβ40 in fresh samples compared to Aβ42. These differences are significant for Aβ40, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, p-tau, and t-tau. Nevertheless, the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio showed a lower variability (smaller standard deviation of relative differences) with respect to Aβ42. With respect to the AD profile according to the A/T/(N) criteria for AD diagnosis, no significant changes in classification were observed when comparing results obtained in fresh vs frozen samples.

Conclusions
Small but significant differences have been found for Aβ40, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, p-tau, and t-tau in fresh vs frozen samples. Importantly, these differences did not imply a modification in the A/T/(N) classification system. In order to know if different cutoffs for fresh and frozen samples are required, larger, multi-center investigations are needed.
Adult-onset IgE-mediated food allergy at a Winnipeg allergy clinic: a case series
Authors: Walter Graham , Kalicinsky Chrystyna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
It is a putatively understood phenomenon that the overall prevalence of allergic disease has been increasing in recent decades—particularly in industrialized nations. Despite this, there is a relative scarcity of data concerning the development of food-related allergic disease in the adult population. In addition, the paucity of data as it pertains to the Canadian population is particularly marked when compared to other nations. We sought to determine common culprit foods and the reactions they elicited in a series of 14 patients seen in the Winnipeg allergy and immunology clinic.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of patients identified by academic allergists in Winnipeg, Manitoba as fitting criteria for adult-onset IgE-mediated food allergy from May 2018–July 2020. We included patients with IgE-mediated symptoms, including the pollen-food syndrome which developed at the age of 16 or later. We collected data regarding the food which induced the reaction, what the reaction was, and any concomitant atopic disease.

Results
The most common culprit food identified was shellfish, followed by finfish, pollen-food syndrome, and wheat/flour. The most common reaction experienced was anaphylaxis, followed by food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis and isolated (muco)cutaneous symptoms. With regard to concomitant atopic disease, allergic rhinitis/rhinoconjunctivitis stood out as the most prevalent.

Conclusions
Adult-onset food allergy—particularly with resultant anaphylaxis—is an important phenomenon to recognize, even when patients have previously tolerated the food in question.
Differential mirror neuron system (MNS) activation during action observation with and without social-emotional components in autism: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies
Authors: Chan Melody M. Y. , Han Yvonne M. Y. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Impaired imitation has been found to be an important factor contributing to social communication deficits in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been hypothesized that the neural correlate of imitation, the mirror neuron system (MNS), is dysfunctional in ASD, resulting in imitation impairment as one of the key behavioral manifestations in ASD. Previous MNS studies produced inconsistent results, leaving the debate of whether “broken” mirror neurons in ASD are unresolved.

Methods
This meta-analysis aimed to explore the differences in MNS activation patterns between typically developing (TD) and ASD individuals when they observe biological motions with or without social-emotional components. Effect size signed differential mapping (ES-SDM) was adopted to synthesize the available fMRI data.

Results
ES-SDM analysis revealed hyperactivation in the right inferior frontal gyrus and left supplementary motor area in ASD during observation of biological motions. Subgroup analysis of experiments involving the observation of stimuli with or without emotional component revealed hyperactivation in the left inferior parietal lobule and left supplementary motor during action observation without emotional components, whereas hyperactivation of the right inferior frontal gyrus was found during action observation with emotional components in ASD. Subgroup analyses of age showed hyperactivation of the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus in ASD adolescents, while hyperactivation in the right inferior frontal gyrus was noted in ASD adults. Meta-regression within ASD individuals indicated that the right cerebellum crus I activation increased with age, while the left inferior temporal gyrus activation decreased with age.

Limitations
This meta-analysis is limited in its generalization of the findings to individuals with ASD by the restricted age range, heterogeneous study sample, and the large within-group variation in MNS activation patterns during object observation. Furthermore, we only included action observation studies which might limit the generalization of our results to the imitation deficits in ASD. In addition, the relatively small sample size for individual studies might also potentially overestimate the effect sizes.

Conclusion
The MNS is impaired in ASD. The abnormal activation patterns were found to be modulated by the nature of stimuli and age, which might explain the contradictory results from earlier studies on the “broken mirror neuron” debate.
Improving radiologic communication in oncology: a single-centre experience with structured reporting for cancer patients
Authors: Weber Tim Frederik , Spurny Manuela , Hasse Felix Christian , Sedlaczek Oliver , Haag Georg Martin , Springfeld Christoph , Mokry Theresa , Jäger Dirk , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Berger Anne Katrin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Our aim was to develop a structured reporting concept (structured oncology report, SOR) for general follow-up assessment of cancer patients in clinical routine. Furthermore, we analysed the report quality of SOR compared to conventional reports (CR) as assessed by referring oncologists.

Methods
SOR was designed to provide standardised layout, tabulated tumour burden documentation and standardised conclusion using uniform terminology. A software application for reporting was programmed to ensure consistency of layout and vocabulary and to facilitate utilisation of SOR. Report quality was analysed for 25 SOR and 25 CR retrospectively by 6 medical oncologists using a 7-point scale (score 1 representing the best score) for 6 questionnaire items addressing different elements of report quality and overall satisfaction. A score of ≤ 3 was defined as a positive rating.

Results
In the first year after full implementation, 7471 imaging examinations were reported using SOR. The proportion of SOR in relation to all oncology reports increased from 49 to 95% within a few months. Report quality scores were better for SOR for each questionnaire item (p < 0.001 each). Averaged over all questionnaire item scores were 1.98 ± 1.22 for SOR and 3.05 ± 1.93 for CR (p < 0.001). The overall satisfaction score was 2.15 ± 1.32 for SOR and 3.39 ± 2.08 for CR (p < 0.001). The proportion of positive ratings was higher for SOR (89% versus 67%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Department-wide structured reporting for follow-up imaging performed for assessment of anticancer treatment efficacy is feasible using a dedicated software application. Satisfaction of referring oncologist with report quality is superior for structured reports.
[11C]mHED PET follows a two-tissue compartment model in mouse myocardium with norepinephrine transporter (NET)-dependent uptake, while [18F]LMI1195 uptake is NET-independent
Authors: Mu Linjing , Krämer Stefanie D. , Warnock Geoffrey I. , Haider Achi , Bengs Susan , Cartolano Giovanni , Bräm Dominic S. , Keller Claudia , Schibli Roger , Ametamey Simon M. , Kaufmann Philipp A. , Gebhard Catherine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Clinical positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter (NET) function provides valuable diagnostic information on sympathetic outflow and neuronal status. As data on the NET-targeting PET tracers [11C]meta-hydroxyephedrine ([11C]mHED) and [18F]LMI1195 ([18F]flubrobenguane) in murine experimental models are scarce or lacking, we performed a detailed characterization of their myocardial uptake pattern and investigated [11C]mHED uptake by kinetic modelling.

Methods
[11C]mHED and [18F]LMI1195 accumulation in the heart was studied by PET/CT in FVB/N mice. To test for specific uptake by NET, desipramine, a selective NET inhibitor, was administered by intraperitoneal injection. [11C]mHED kinetic modelling with input function from an arteriovenous shunt was performed in three mice.

Results
Both tracers accumulated in the mouse myocardium; however, only [11C]mHED uptake was significantly reduced by excess amount of desipramine. Myocardial [11C]mHED uptake was half-saturated at 88.3 nmol/kg of combined mHED and metaraminol residual. After [11C]mHED injection, a radiometabolite was detected in plasma and urine, but not in the myocardium. [11C]mHED kinetics followed serial two-tissue compartment models with desipramine-sensitive K1.

Conclusion
PET with [11C]mHED but not [18F]LMI1195 provides information on NET function in the mouse heart. [11C]mHED PET is dose-independent in the mouse myocardium at < 10 nmol/kg of combined mHED and metaraminol. [11C]mHED kinetics followed serial two-tissue compartment models with K1 representing NET transport. Myocardial [11C]mHED uptake obtained from PET images may be used to assess cardiac sympathetic integrity in mouse models of cardiovascular disease.
Novel method to achieve crystallinity of calcite by Bacillus subtilis in coupled and non-coupled calcium-carbon sources
Authors: Ferral-Pérez Héctor , Galicia-García Mónica , Alvarado-Tenorio Bonifacio , Izaguirre-Pompa Aldo , Aguirre-Ramírez Marisela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBacteria mineralization is a promising biotechnological approach to apply in biomaterials development. In this investigation, we demonstrate that Bacillus subtilis 168 induces and influences CaCO3 composites precipitation. Crystals were formed in calcium-carbon non-coupled (glycerol + CaCl2, GLY; or glucose + CaCl2, GLC) and coupled (calcium lactate, LAC; or calcium acetate, ACE) agar-sources, only maintaining the same Ca2+ concentration. The mineralized colonies showed variations in morphology, size, and crystallinity form properties. The crystals presented spherulitic growth in all conditions, and botryoidal shapes in GLC one. Birefringence and diffraction patterns confirmed that all biogenic carbonate crystals (BCC) were organized as calcite. The CaCO3 in BCC was organized as calcite, amorphous calcium carbon (ACC) and organic matter (OM) of biofilm; all of them with relative abundance related to bacteria growth condition. BCC-GLY presented greatest OM composition, while BCC-ACE highest CaCO3 content. Nucleation mechanism and OM content impacted in BCC crystallinity.
Non-randomised evaluations of strategies to increase participant retention in randomised controlled trials: a systematic review
Authors: Elfeky Adel , Gillies Katie , Gardner Heidi , Fraser Cynthia , Ishaku Timothy , Treweek Shaun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Retention of participants is essential to ensure the statistical power and internal validity of clinical trials. Poor participant retention reduces power and can bias the estimates of intervention effect. There is sparse evidence from randomised comparisons of effective strategies to retain participants in randomised trials. Currently, non-randomised evaluations of trial retention interventions embedded in host clinical trials are rejected from the Cochrane review of strategies to improve retention because it only included randomised evaluations. However, the systematic assessment of non-randomised evaluations may inform trialists’ decision-making about retention methods that have been evaluated in a trial context.Therefore, we performed a systematic review to synthesise evidence from non-randomised evaluations of retention strategies in order to supplement existing randomised trial evidence.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL from 2007 to October 2017. Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and full-text articles for non-randomised studies that compared two or more strategies to increase participant retention in randomised trials. The retention trials had to be nested in real ‘host’ trials ( including feasibility studies) but not hypothetical trials.
Two investigators independently rated the risk of bias of included studies using the ROBINS-I tool and determined the certainty of evidence using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) framework.

Results
Fourteen non-randomised studies of retention were included in this review. Most retention strategies (in 10 studies) aimed to increase questionnaire response rate. Favourable strategies for increasing questionnaire response rate were telephone follow-up compared to postal questionnaire completion, online questionnaire follow-up compared to postal questionnaire, shortened version of questionnaires versus longer questionnaires, electronically transferred monetary incentives compared to cash incentives, cash compared with no incentive and reminders to non-responders (telephone or text messaging). However, each retention strategy was evaluated in a single observational study. This, together with risk of bias concerns, meant that the overall GRADE certainty was low or very low for all included studies.

Conclusions
This systematic review provides low or very low certainty evidence on the effectiveness of retention strategies evaluated in non-randomised studies. Some strategies need further evaluation to provide confidence around the size and direction of the underlying effect.
History and development of national burden of disease assessment in Australia
Authors: Moon Lynelle , Gourley Michelle , Goss John , Lum On Miriam , Laws Paula , Reynolds Anna , Juckes Richard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAustralia’s 1996 national burden of disease (BoD) study was one of the first in the world and updates have continued over the following two decades with the fifth study now underway. The studies adapt the global framework most recently implemented by the Global Burden of Disease Study and the World Health Organization to suit Australia’s specific needs, producing estimates of fatal and non-fatal burden via the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) metric, as well as attribution of the burden to many risk factors. Detailed Australian data are used with minimal reliance on modelling to fill data gaps. Comprehensive estimates are produced, including for the Indigenous population, for each of the eight states and territories, the five remoteness areas and five socioeconomic quintiles. A number of method developments have been made as part of these studies, including redistribution of deaths data and a detailed quality framework for describing the robustness of the underlying data and methods. Data and methods continue to be refined as part of the studies, and developments in global studies and other national studies are incorporated where appropriate.
Increased microbial sequestration of soil organic carbon under nitrogen deposition over China’s terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Liao Shu , Tan Siyi , Peng Yan , Wang Dingyi , Ni Xiangyin , Yue Kai , Wu Fuzhong , Yang Yusheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundChina’s terrestrial ecosystems have been receiving increasing amounts of reactive nitrogen (N) over recent decades. External N inputs profoundly change microbially mediated soil carbon (C) dynamics, but how elevated N affects the soil organic C that is derived from microbial residues is not fully understood. Here, we evaluated the changes in soil microbial necromass C under N addition at 11 forest, grassland, and cropland sites over China’s terrestrial ecosystems through a meta-analysis based on available data from published articles.ResultsMicrobial necromass C accounted for an average of 49.5% of the total soil organic C across the studied sites, with higher values observed in croplands (53.0%) and lower values in forests (38.6%). Microbial necromass C was significantly increased by 9.5% after N addition, regardless of N forms, with greater stimulation observed for fungal (+ 11.2%) than bacterial (+ 4.5%) necromass C. This increase in microbial necromass C under elevated N was greater under longer experimental periods but showed little variation among different N application rates. The stimulation of soil microbial necromass C under elevated N was proportional to the change in soil organic C.ConclusionsThe stimulation of microbial residues after biomass turnover is an important pathway for the observed increase in soil organic C under N deposition across China’s terrestrial ecosystems.
Aberration of the modulatory functions of intronic microRNA hsa-miR-933 on its host gene ATF2 results in type II diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative disease development
Authors: Islam Abul Bashar Mir Md. Khademul , Mohammad Eusra , Khan Md. Abdullah-Al-Kamran 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
MicroRNAs are ~ 22-nucleotide-long biological modifiers that act as the post-transcriptional modulator of gene expression. Some of them are identified to be embedded within the introns of protein-coding genes, these miRNAs are called the intronic miRNAs. Previous findings state that these intronic miRNAs are co-expressed with their host genes. This co-expression is necessary to maintain the robustness of the biological system. Till to date, only a few experiments are performed discretely to elucidate the functional relationship between few co-expressed intronic miRNAs and their associated host genes.

Results
In this study, we have interpreted the underlying modulatory mechanisms of intronic miRNA hsa-miR-933 on its target host gene ATF2 and found that aberration can lead to several disease conditions. A protein-protein interaction network-based approach was adopted, and functional enrichment analysis was performed to elucidate the significantly over-represented biological functions and pathways of the common targets. Our approach delineated that hsa-miR-933 might control the hyperglycemic condition and hyperinsulinism by regulating ATF2 target genes MAP4K4, PRKCE, PEA15, BDNF, PRKACB, and GNAS which can otherwise lead to the development of type II diabetes mellitus. Moreover, we showed that hsa-miR-933 can regulate a target of ATF2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), to modulate the optimal expression of ATF2 in neuron cells to render neuroprotection for the inhibition of neurodegenerative diseases.

Conclusions
Our in silico model provides interesting resources for experimentations in a model organism or cell line for further validation. These findings may extend the common perception of gene expression analysis with new regulatory functionality.
Surgically resected primary esophageal choriocarcinoma accompanied with Barrett’s adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Fujiwara Yuta , Okamoto Koichi , Ninomiya Itasu , Saito Hiroto , Yamaguchi Takahisa , Terai Shiro , Kinoshita Jun , Makino Isamu , Nakamura Keishi , Fushida Sachio , Ikeda Hiroko , Ohta Tetsuo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Choriocarcinomas are usually classified as either gestational or non-gestational. Primary choriocarcinomas in the gastrointestinal tract, especially primary choriocarcinomas in the esophagus, are extremely rare. We report a case of a rare primary esophageal choriocarcinoma mixed with squamous cell carcinoma-like components in association with Barrett’s adenocarcinoma.

Case presentation
A 58-year-old man visited the hospital, complaining of hematemesis and tarry stools. In emergency upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, a bleeding esophageal tumor was observed. Additionally, a contrast computed tomography (CT) scan showed a large hypervascular tumor 4.8 cm in diameter in the left kidney. He came to our institution for further examination and treatment of the esophageal tumor and kidney lesion. The patient had an easy bleeding elevated tumor 2 cm in diameter at the left wall of the middle thoracic esophagus and a left renal carcinoma. Histopathological diagnosis of the biopsy specimen of the esophageal tumor was a poorly differentiated carcinoma. However, a precise histological type diagnosis could not be obtained. In June 2016, mediastinoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy and posterior mediastinal gastric tube reconstruction were performed to treat his esophageal tumor. Histopathologically, most of the tumor comprised hCG-positive syncytiotrophoblasts. Therefore, we confirmed it as a primary esophageal choriocarcinoma. Furthermore, the tumor contained a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma-like component that was also diagnosed as a choriocarcinoma using immunohistochemical staining and there was a small Barrett’s esophageal adenocarcinoma lesion in the Barrett's epithelium near the tumor. Three months after surgery, a CT scan demonstrated multiple lung metastatic nodules and multiple intrahepatic masses. Needle biopsy from the lung nodule showed a choriocarcinoma. Despite chemotherapy, the metastatic choriocarcinoma regrew rapidly and multiple bone metastases appeared. He died because of his esophageal choriocarcinoma 13 months after primary resection.

Conclusions
We encountered an extremely rare case of esophageal choriocarcinoma combined with squamous cell carcinoma-like components in association with a simultaneous Barrett’s adenocarcinoma that we followed for the entire course of his disease, from resection to end of life. Esophageal choriocarcinomas are rare with peculiar characteristics and very poor prognoses. Additional cases are needed to establish an appropriate future treatment.