bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nature as Travel Guide: Mark Twain and Hawaii in Writing the American Frontier
Authors: Vandenbossche Lisa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article traces the evolution of Mark Twain's early travel writing by comparing intersections between recorded travel and nature writing in Twain's 1866 letters for the Sacramento Union and his 1872 full-length book about the America West, Roughing It. In his twenty-five published letters, Twain critiques past travel guides and histories that distract visitors—and by extension readers—from what is in front of them, forcing their attention away from the reality of the people and places they encounter. In Twain's first full-length travel account, 1869's The Innocents Abroad, this critique is more fully realized, as Twain articulates an even stronger lament against tour guides and books that script a travelers' experiences with new spaces. When Twain returns to writing about the American frontier in Roughing It, he condenses the narration of his Pacific travel for his second full-length account, employing nature as a narrative structure that enables him to direct a reader's attention to travel experiences as they unfold. Here nature serves as a witness that preserves stories and a phenomenon that punctuates Twain's experiences uncovering these stories, thus working to frame human action in the text, drawing the attention of both travelers and readers to what is immediately in front of them. This article argues that, in employing this model, Roughing It insists on the importance of natural descriptions in travel writing, and that Twain's work ultimately illustrates the essential role that nature plays in shaping the human experience of travel on the unscripted frontiers of the Pacific and American West, for travelers and readers alike.
Over een grens: Nederlandse vondelingen uit of naar het buitenland
Authors: van Tiggelen Kerstin 
Published: October 2019

Crossing a border: Dutch foundlings migrating from or to another country
Within the group of Dutch foundlings, 28% are migratory foundlings: children coming from abroad to the Netherlands (inbound foundlings), and children going abroad from the Netherlands (outbound foundlings). According to the rational choice theory, there is at some point a rational decision behind human action, based on consideration of costs and benefits – terminology reminiscent of the origins within economic science. When viewed from that perspective, cross-border abandonment may be regarded to be a conscious effort to hinder detection. After all, abandonment of foundlings has been a criminal offence in the Netherlands since at least the Middle Ages. There is therefore also a vested interest in not attracting attention. Anyone abandoning a child and wishing to protect their identity will be attracted to locations that lack effective supervision, defined as guardianship within the criminological routine activities theory. However, the less familiar a location, the trickier it is to avoid visibility. Does the rational consideration of costs and benefits result in migratory foundlings being abandoned just over the border (in order that the perpetrators attract the least possible attention) or actually further inland (in order to detract from the cross-border activity, for example)? Is there a comparable choice in terms of distance when people abandon native foundlings – children found in their country of birth? Relevant questions indeed, as greater insight into such variables can support the direction taken by detection activities. This study is an exploratory analysis of the distance between the domicile or birth location and the abandonment location of cross-border foundlings. The results will then be compared with the distances in the case of domestic foundlings.
Perguntas e respostas nos livros didáticos: desconstruindo estereótipos
Authors: Sain't Clair Fernanda Bueno , Coelho Victoria Wilson da Costa 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo, fruto de uma pesquisa de cunho etnográfico, desenvolvida na área de Linguística Aplicada, no Mestrado Profissional (PROFLETRAS), visa contribuir para a discussão sobre livro didático de língua portuguesa no que concerne à elaboração de perguntas e à projeção de respostas para relacioná-las às compreensões leitoras dos alunos, com base na perspectiva discursiva da língua(gem) em interface com trabalhos no campo social da educação. O estudo aponta para novos (des)entendimentos, colocando em xeque a própria docência, pois mostra a desconstrução de estereótipos negativos acerca dos jovens, especialmente os das classes populares, referentes às dificuldades nas aulas de língua portuguesa.
Doblemente desaparecidos: servicio militar, pobreza y represión en la frontera patagónica durante la última dictadura argentina
Authors: Mereb Marina Ayelen 
Published: October 2019

En las últimas décadas, la lucha de los organismos de derechos humanos en Argentina ha logrado importantes avances judiciales y de políticas públicas vinculadas a la memoria, la verdad y la justicia respecto de las atrocidades cometidas bajo el terrorismo de Estado. Actualmente, asistimos a la pretensión oficial de reinstalar el discurso negacionista, ante lo cual, desde el campo académico, la historia oral y los estudios sobre memorias permiten iluminar aspectos novedosos que demuestran la falacia de dicho discurso, a la vez que enriquecen la mirada sobre ese pasado que no pasa. Desde esta perspectiva, y basado en testimonios orales y documentos de archivo, este artículo aborda el caso de Héctor Domingo Inalef, detenido en El Bolsón por supuesta deserción al servicio militar en 1976 y desde entonces “desaparecido” hasta reencontrarse con su familia en 2014. Hijo mayor y principal sostén económico de una familia mapuche tradicionalmente dedicada al acopio y acarreo de leña, su historia abona la reflexión sobre la desaparición forzada en nuestro país, la superposición de la represión con las marcas de la desigualdad social, y las implicancias políticas y memoriales de la pobreza y la ruralidad en la frontera patagónica, tanto en tiempos dictatoriales como democráticos. Palabras clave: Desaparecidos Políticos. Servicio Militar. Patagonia - Historia. Pobreza.
Identification of hub genes and small-molecule compounds related to intracerebral hemorrhage with bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Liu Zhendong , Zhang Ruotian , Chen Xin , Yao Penglei , Yan Tao , Liu Wenwu , Yao Jiawei , Sokhatskii Andrei , Gareev Ilgiz , Zhao Shiguang 
Published: October 2019

Background
Because of the complex mechanisms of injury, conventional surgical treatment and early blood pressure control does not significantly reduce mortality or improve patient prognosis in cases of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We aimed to identify the hub genes associated with intracerebral hemorrhage, to act as therapeutic targets, and to identify potential small-molecule compounds for treating ICH.

Methods
The GSE24265 dataset, consisting of data from four perihematomal brain tissues and seven contralateral brain tissues, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ICH, with a fold change (FC) value of (|log2FC|) > 2 and a P-value of <0.05 set as cut-offs. The functional annotation of DEGs was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) resources, and the cell signaling pathway analysis of DEGs was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), with a P-value of <0.05 set as the cut-off. We constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to clarify the interrelationships between the different DEGs and to select the hub genes with significant interactions. Next, the DEGs were analyzed using the CMap tool to identify small-molecule compounds with potential therapeutic effects. Finally, we verified the expression levels of the hub genes by RT-qPCR on the rat ICH model.

Result
A total of 59 up-regulated genes and eight down-regulated genes associated with ICH were identified. The biological functions of DEGs associated with ICH are mainly involved in the inflammatory response, chemokine activity, and immune response. The KEGG analysis identified several pathways significantly associated with ICH, including but not limited to HIF-1, TNF, toll-like receptor, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and chemokine molecules. A PPI network consisting of 57 nodes and 373 edges was constructed using STRING, and 10 hub genes were identified with Cytoscape software. These hub genes are closely related to secondary brain injury induced by ICH. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of ten hub genes was significantly increased in the rat model of ICH. In addition, a CMap analysis of three small-molecule compounds revealed their therapeutic potential.

Conclusion
In this study we obtained ten hub genes, such as IL6, TLR2, CXCL1, TIMP1, PLAUR, SERPINE1, SELE, CCL4, CCL20, and CD163, which play an important role in the pathology of ICH. At the same time, the ten hub genes obtained through PPI network analysis were verified in the rat model of ICH. In addition, we obtained three small molecule compounds that will have therapeutic effects on ICH, including Hecogenin, Lidocaine, and NU-1025.
Presence of Papillomavirus DNA sequences in the canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT)
Authors: Ayala-Díaz Sergio , Jiménez-Lima Roberto , Ramírez-Alcántara Katia M. , Lizano Marcela , Castro-Muñoz Leonardo J. , Reyes-Hernández Diego O. , Arroyo-Ledezma Jaime , Manzo-Merino Joaquín 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) or Sticker’s sarcoma is a neoplastic disease affecting dogs. This disease is presented as a tumoral mass in the genital organs of both, male and female individuals. Up to date, there is no clear evidence indicating a viral agent as the causative mediator for CTVT development.PurposeThe present work aims to analyze 21 samples from canines with CTVT for molecular identification of Papillomavirus DNA sequences. In addition, microbiological analysis, cytologic and histopathologic evaluations were also performed.ResultsAll patients showed no biochemical and microbiological alterations. Molecular analysis demonstrated the viral DNA presence in the samples using different primer sets. The MY primers amplified a 450 bp band in seven out of 21 samples (33%). The PVF and Fap64 primer set, targeting the L1 sequence of Canine Papillomavirus (CPV), showed positivity in 16 out of 21 samples (76%).ConclusionThese results support the possible causative association between CPV and CTVT; nevertheless, additional studies are required to uphold such statement. This work presents evidence indicating that a viral agent might be involved in the pathogenesis of CTVT and set the bases for a better understanding of the CTVT pathobiology.
Electrically Conductive, Reduced Graphene Oxide Structures Fabricated by Inkjet Printing and Low Temperature Plasma Reduction
Authors: Sui Yongkun , Hess‐Dunning Allison , Wei Peiran , Pentzer Emily , Sankaran R. Mohan , Zorman Christian A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHere, an environmentally‐friendly and scalable process is reported to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (RGO) thin films for printed electronics applications. The films are produced by inkjet printing GO flakes dispersed binder‐free in aqueous solutions followed by treatment with a nonthermal, radio‐frequency (RF) plasma containing only argon (Ar) gas. The plasma process is found to heat the substrate to temperatures no greater than 138 °C, enabling RGO to be printed directly on a wide range of temperature‐sensitive substrate materials including photo paper. Unlike other low‐temperature methods such as electrochemical reduction, plasma reduction is friendly to moisture absorbent materials. Moreover, the plasma treatment can be performed on nonconducting substrates, eliminating the need for film transfer. From an applications perspective, the printed, plasma‐reduced RGO exhibits excellent electrical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties. As a technology demonstrator, the working electrodes of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensors fabricated from plasma‐reduced GO show a sensitivity of 277 ± 80 µA mm−1 cm−2, which is comparable to RGO working electrodes made by electrochemical reduction.
EnantioselectiveLCanalysis and determination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Authors: Sethi Sonika , Bhushan Ravi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLC separation of biologically and pharmaceutically important enantiomers (from racemic or non‐racemic mixtures) remains a subject of importance. The present review article deals with the liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of chiral selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), namely citalopram, paroxetine, sertraline and fluoxetine. It is now known that the enantiomers of numerous psychotropic drugs exhibit distinct pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetic patterns and receptor binding properties, and psychiatric patients are frequently taking more than one medication. Therefore, monitoring of the levels of these analytes in biological fluids is important to determine the levels of enantiomer concentrations; the present paper may be helpful in understanding the present state of available methods (along with a critical discussion of applicability of the methods) and in developing the new ones for this purpose. Different approaches using LC discussed herein may be applied for determining the enantiomeric composition (and enantiomeric purity) of SSRIs and numerous other racemic drugs, of current/future pharmaceutical importance and utility, using simple separation methods, instrumentation, inexpensive reagents and potentially significant analytical approaches. The contents cover the essential data to understand the various separation techniques and associated issues, if any, with documented examples.
Facile Synthesis of Sulfur‐Containing Transition Metal (Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) (Hydr)oxides for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zeng Feng , Broicher Cornelia , Hofmann Jan P. , Palkovits Stefan , Palkovits Regina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTransition metal based materials are promising non‐noble metal based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Transition metal (hydr)oxides have been intensively investigated as OER catalysts. Promoting transition metal (hydr)oxides with heteroatoms or using carbon materials as additives can increase the electric conductivity and tailor the nature of active sites to enhance OER activity. We developed a scalable one‐step wet chemical method to prepare sulfur‐containing transition metal (manganese, iron, cobalt, and nickel) (hydr)oxides coupled with carbon nanotubes as additives to tailor OER performance. Facilitated OER kinetics, enhanced intrinsic activity, and high electrochemically active surface area derived from sulfur promotion with/without carbon nanotubes addition together with the nanostructure of the materials led to decent OER performance. Sulfur‐containing cobalt (hydr)oxide achieved a low overpotential of 0.38 V at 10 mA cm−2, a low Tafel slope of 66 mV dec−1, and good stability.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Photo‐Reduction Synthesis of Ag/Bi2WO6 Microspheres for Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Li Huifan , Pan Gaifang , Ding Mengna , Pei Wenkai , Zhang Ziping , Miao Yingchun , Huo Yuning 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAg/Bi2WO6 microspheres were successfully prepared by ultrasound‐assisted photo‐reduction route to realize the Ag‐loading on Bi2WO6 crystal, which was previously synthesized by using solvothermal process with [C4‐mim]BF4 ionic liquid. The synergistic process of photo‐reduction and ultrasonic irradiation induced the efficient conversion of Ag+ ion into metallic Ag nanoparticles with uniform distribution. The enhanced amount of Ag nanoparticles and the strong combination of Ag nanoparticles with Bi2WO6 microspheres, efficiently promoted the light harvesting and inhibited the recombination of photo‐induced charges. As a result, Ag/Bi2WO6 microspheres via ultrasound‐assisted photo‐reduction route achieved the higher visible‐light photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution than those catalysts prepared by other methods. This work may provide an efficient way for designing photocatalysts for hydrogen generation using solar light.
Anodic Oxidation of Ethynylferrocene Derivatives in Homogeneous Solution and Following Anodic Deposition onto Glassy Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Sheridan Matthew V. , Lam Kevin , Waterman Rory , Geiger William E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEight ferrocene derivatives linked by either an ether, amine, or phenylacetylene moiety to a terminal ethynyl group were covalently deposited on glassy carbon electrodes by anodic electrochemical methods. The lithio activation method, in which the terminal hydrogen of the ethynyl group is replaced by a lithium atom before anodic oxidation, was successfully employed in all cases. Direct oxidation of the inactivated ethynyl group also resulted in surface deposition. Surface coverages between 1×10−10 mol cm−2 and 14×10−10 mol cm−2 were achieved. Cyclic voltammetry scans of the modified electrodes in pure electrolytes differed depending on the size of the supporting electrolyte anion, as little as half the current being measured for a [B(C6F5)4]− vs. [PF6]− solution, suggesting differences in ion transport near the electrode surface. An ether‐linked ethynylferrocenium ion (5+) was isolated after electrolytic and chemical oxidation of 5 and characterized by X‐Ray crystallography as its [SbCl6]− salt.
Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between the Voltage‐ and Use‐Dependent Nav1.7 Channel Blocker Vixotrigine and Carbamazepine in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Dunbar Joi , Versavel Mark , Zhao Yuan , Tate Simon , Morisset Valerie , Giblin Gerard M. P. , Palmer Joanne , Tidemann‐Miller Beth , Naik Himanshu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVixotrigine is a voltage‐ and use‐dependent Nav1.7 channel blocker under investigation for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain conditions, including trigeminal neuralgia. Vixotrigine is metabolized primarily via uridine diphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Carbamazepine, a UGT and cytochrome P450 3A4 inducer, is a first‐line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. We conducted a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, single‐center phase 1 study to investigate the impact of coadministering vixotrigine and carbamazepine on their respective pharmacokinetics (PK) in healthy volunteers, the safety and tolerability of combined treatment, and PK recovery of vixotrigine following carbamazepine discontinuation. Randomly assigned treatments were carbamazepine (100 mg twice a day, days 1‐3 and 200 mg twice a day, days 4‐21) or placebo on days 1 to 21. All volunteers received vixotrigine 150 mg 3 times a day on days 16 to 28. At prespecified times, whole‐blood samples were collected for PK assessment. Statistical analyses were performed on the log‐transformed PK parameters area under the concentration‐time curve within a dosing interval (AUC0‐tau) and maximum observed concentration (Cmax) for vixotrigine, carbamazepine, and metabolites. Vixotrigine AUC0‐tau and Cmax were reduced by 31.6% and 26.3%, respectively, when coadministered with carbamazepine compared with placebo. Seven days after carbamazepine discontinuation, vixotrigine AUC0‐tau and Cmax remained 24.5% and 21.4% lower compared with placebo. Carbamazepine AUC0‐tau and Cmax were <10% lower when coadministered with vixotrigine compared on days 15 and 21. Vixotrigine/carbamazepine coadministration was well tolerated. These results suggest that vixotrigine does not have an effect on carbamazepine PK, and although carbamazepine has an effect on the exposure of vixotrigine, the effect is not considered clinically relevant.
Regional environmental variation and local species interactions influence biogeographic structure on oyster reefs
Authors: Grabowski Jonathan H. , Gouhier Tarik C. , Byers James E. , Dodd Luke F. , Hughes A. Randall , Piehler Michael F. , Kimbro David L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough species interactions are often assumed to be strongest at small spatial scales, they can interact with regional environmental factors to modify food web dynamics across biogeographic scales. The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is a widespread foundational species of both ecological and economic importance. The oyster and its associated assemblage of fish and macroinvertebrates is an ideal system to investigate how regional differences in environmental variables influence trophic interactions and food web structure. We quantified multiple environmental factors, oyster reef properties, associated species, and trophic guilds on intertidal oyster reefs within 10 estuaries along 900 km of the southeastern United States. Geographical gradients in fall water temperature and mean water depth likely influenced regional (i.e., the northern, central and southern sections of the SAB) variation in oyster reef food web structure. Variation in the biomass of mud crabs, an intermediate predator, was mostly (84.1%) explained by reefs within each site, and did not differ substantially among regions; however, regional variation in the biomass of top predators and of juvenile oysters also contributed to biogeographic variation in food web structure. In particular, region explained almost half (40.2%) of the variation in biomass of predators of blue crab, a top predator that was prevalent only in the central region where water depth was greater. Field experiments revealed that oyster mortality due to predation was greatest in the central region, suggesting spatial variation in the importance of trophic cascades. However, high oyster recruitment in the middle region probably compensates for this enhanced predation, potentially explaining why relatively less variation (17.9%) in oyster cluster biomass was explained by region. Region also explained over half of the variation in biomass of mud crab predators (55.2%), with the southern region containing almost an order of magnitude more biomass than the other two regions. In this region, higher water temperatures in the fall corresponded with higher biomass of fish that consume mud crabs and of fish that consume juvenile and forage fish, whereas biomas of their prey (mud crabs and juvenile and forage fish, respectively) was generally low in the southern region. Collectively, these results show how environmental gradients interact with trophic cascades to structure food webs associated with foundation species across biogeographic regions.
Determinants of organizational vigilance: Leadership, foresight, and adaptation in three sectors
Authors: Schoemaker Paul J. H. , Day George S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhy are vigilant organizations better at developing foresight than their rivals and acting faster on the insights and alerts? Four attributes were hypothesized to explain the difference between vigilant and vulnerable organizations: (a) a leadership commitment to sensing and acting early on signals of change, (b) strategic investments in foresight abilities, (c) a flexible approach to incorporating uncertainty in their strategy processes, and (d) clear accountability and coordination for sharing information and acting on weak signals. This conceptual model was tested with survey responses from 345 organizational leaders representing three sectors of the economy: international companies, US credit unions, and American foundations. The survey assessed key components of the above constructs and our regression models explained close to half of the variance in organizational vigilance scores relative to competitors. The most important of the four factors above was investment in foresight (for each sector), followed by leadership commitment. The relative importance of strategy and accountability factors varied by sector as well as organizational size.