bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apicidin Biosynthesis Is Linked to Accessory Chromosomes in Fusarium Poae Isolates
Authors: Witte Thomas , Harris Linda , Nguyen Hai , Hermans Anne , Johnston Anne , Sproule Amanda , Dettman Jeremy , Boddy Christopher , Overy David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Fusarium poae is frequently associated with cereal crops showing symptoms of Fusarium head blight, a disease of global concern that reduces crop yields and renders grains unfit for consumption due to mycotoxin contamination. While previous studies have shown F. poae isolates produce a range of known mycotoxins, including type A and B trichothecenes, fusarins and beauvericin, genomic analysis suggests that there remain many secondary metabolites awaiting description.Methods: We examined the biosynthetic potential of 38 F. poae isolates from Eastern Canada using a combination of long-read and short-read genome sequencing and untargeted, high resolution mass spectrometry metabolome analysis of extracts from isolates cultured in multiple media conditions.Results: A high-quality assembly of isolate DAOMC 252244 (Fp157) contained four core chromosomes as well as seven additional contigs with traits associated with accessory chromosomes. One of the predicted accessory contigs harbours a functional biosynthetic gene cluster containing homologs of all genes associated with the production of apicidins. Metabolomic and genomic analyses confirm apicidins are produced in 4 of the 38 isolates investigated and genomic PCR screening detected the apicidin synthetase gene APS1 in approximately 7% of Eastern Canadian isolates surveyed.Conclusions: Apicidin biosynthesis is linked to isolate-specific putative accessory chromosomes in F. poae. The data produced here are an important resource for furthering our understanding of accessory chromosome evolution and the biosynthetic potential of F. poae isolates.
Analysis of Tawhidi String Relation (TSR) Towards Factors that Affect the Distribution of Financing of Sharia Banking in Indonesia Period 2009-2019
Authors: Warto Ahmad , Budhijana R. Bambang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study uses the Sharia Commercial Bank and Sharia Business Unit as a whole as a unit of research object, with the research period from 2009-2019 (on a quarterly basis). The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression, while the hypothesis test uses t-test to partially test the effect of variables, and the F-test to test the effect of variables simultaneously with a significance level of 0.05. To find out the relation process used Tawhidi String Relation (TSR) analysis based on Unity, Correlation and Evolution. Based on the research, the results show that Third Party Funds (TPF) have a positive and significant effect on the distribution of Islamic Banking financing. Non Performing Financing (NPF) has a positive and not significant effect on the distribution of bank financing. While Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificates (BISC) have a negative and significant effect on the distribution of bank financing. Based on the TSR analysis, it was concluded that BISC had a negative effect on all variables used in this study, both: DF, TPF and NPF. Therefore, this research can be a criticism for the Islamic banking industry in channeling financing in the form of BISC.
Learning about COVID-19: a qualitative interview study of Australians' use of information sources
Authors: Lupton Deborah , Lewis Sophie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background A multitude of information sources are available to publics when novel infectious diseases first emerge. In this paper, we adopt a qualitative approach to investigate how Australians learnt about the novel coronavirus and COVID-19 and what sources of information they had found most useful and valuable during the early months of the pandemic.Methods In-depth semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with a diverse group of 40 Australian adults in mid-2020 about their experiences of the COVID crisis. Participants were recruited through Facebook advertising. Detailed case studies were created for each participant, providing the basis of a thematic analysis which focused on the participants’ responses to the questions about COVID-related information sources.Results Diverse sources of COVID-related information, including traditional media, online media and in-person interactions, were accessed, appraised and engaged with by participants. There was a high level of interest in COVID information as people grappled with uncertainty, anxiety and feeling overwhelmed. Certain key events or experiences made people become aware that the outbreak was threatening Australia and potentially themselves. Most people demonstrated keen awareness that misinformation was rife in news outlets and social media sites and that they were taking steps to determine the accuracy of information. High trust was placed in health experts, scientists and government sources to provide reliable information. Also important to participants were informal discussions with friends and family members who were experts or working in relevant fields, as well as engaging in-person in interactions and hearing from friends and family who lived overseas about what COVID conditions were like there. Conclusion A constantly changing news environment raises challenges for effective communication of risk and containment advice. People can become confused, distressed and overwhelmed by the plethora of information sources and fast-changing news environment. On the other hand, seeking out information can provide reassurance and comfort in response to anxiety and uncertainty. Clarity and consistency in risk messaging is important, as is responding quickly to changes in information and misinformation. Further research should seek to identify any changes in use of and trust in information sources as time goes by.
Assessment of Knowledge and Compliance to Evidence-Based Guidelines for VAP Prevention among ICU Nurses in Tanzania
Authors: Bankanie Vicent , Outwater Anne , Wang Li , Yinglan Li 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Implementation of evidence-based guidelines (EBGs) related to VAP is an effective measure for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). While low knowledge regarding the EBGs related to VAP prevention among ICU nurses is still a major concern among nurses in ICUs globally, the situation in Tanzania is scarcely known. This study aimed to assess the ICU nurses’ knowledge, compliance, and barriers toward evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of VAP in Tanzania.Methods: A cross-sectional study, involving ICU nurses of major hospitals in Tanzania, was conducted. A structured questionnaire was administered among 116 ICU. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and independent t-test.Results: The mean knowledge score was 38.6% which is lower than the lowest ever reported knowledge score for EBGs for VAP prevention. Nurses with a degree or higher level of nursing education performed significantly better than the nurses with a diploma or lower level of nursing education(p=0.004). The mean self-reported adherence score for EBGs for the prevention of VAP was 60.8%. The main barriers to the implementation of EBGs for VAP prevention were lack of skills (96.6%), lack of adequate staff (95.5%), and lack of knowledge (79.3%).Conclusion: Considering the severity and impact of VAP, and the higher risks of HAIs in resource-limited countries like Tanzania, the lower level of knowledge and compliance implies the need for on-going educational interventions and evaluation of the implementation of the EBGs for VAP prevention by considering the local context.
Menstrual Hygiene Management Practice among Adolescent Girls: An Urban-Rural Comparative Study in Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh
Authors: Ha Md. Abu Tal , Alam Md. Zakiul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction:Adolescence is a critical period characterized by significant physical, emotional, cognitive and social changes, and monthly occurrence of menstruation of adolescent girls. Despite being an inevitable natural event, most of the societies consider menstruation and menstrual blood as taboo and impure that prevents many adolescent girls from proper education and information which force them to develop their ways of managing the event. In this study, we attempted to explore the pattern of menstrual hygiene management practice, the urban-rural differences of the practice, and the determinants of the practice among adolescent girls in Rajshahi division, Bangladesh.Methodology:Using a cross-sectional study design with systematic random sampling, we collected data from 589 adolescent girls (aged 14–19 years) from Rajshahi division of Bangladesh. We employed bivariate and multinomial logistic regression analysis.Findings:We found significant differences in menstrual hygiene management practice among adolescent girls between urban and rural areas. Only 37.9% continuously used sanitary pad. Among the cloth users, nearly two-third reused cloths and about 56% of them used water and soap to wash these cloths. About 49% changed menstrual absorbent and 44% washed their genitalia three times a day. About 41% used water only to wash genitalia, and 55% buried sanitary materials under soil after using. Around 22% of the girls practiced terrible, 63.3% fair, and 14.7% proper menstrual management. Multinomial logistic regression found that the place of residence, family size, wealth quintile, parents’ education, and social connectivity was the significant determinant of menstrual hygiene management practice.Conclusion:Although there are some cases of sanitary pad use, still menstrual hygiene management is unhealthy in most cases. The continuous flow of sanitary pads at affordable cost, change in existing social norms about menstruation and proper education, information and services are essential for achieving health-related SDG goals.
Single-Cell Manifold Preserving Feature Selection (SCMER)
Authors: Chen Ken , Liang Shaoheng , Mohanty Vakul , Dou Jinzhuang , Qi Miao , Huang Yuefan , Müftüoğlu Muharrem , Ding Li , Peng Weiyi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A key challenge in studying organisms and diseases is to detect rare molecular programs and rare cell populations (RCPs) that drive development, differentiation, and transformation. Molecular features such as genes and proteins defining RCPs are often unknown and difficult to detect from unenriched single-cell data, using conventional dimensionality reduction and clustering-based approaches. Here, we propose a novel unsupervised approach, named SCMER, which performs UMAP style dimensionality reduction via selecting a compact set of molecular features with definitive meanings. We applied SCMER in the context of hematopoiesis, lymphogenesis, tumorigenesis, and drug resistance and response. We found that SCMER can identify non-redundant features that sensitively delineate both common cell lineages and rare cellular states ignored by current approaches. SCMER can be widely used for discovering novel molecular features in a high dimensional dataset, designing targeted, cost-effective assays for clinical applications, and facilitating multi-modality integration.
fMRI-Based Machine Learning Analysis of Neural Substrates of Pediatric Anxiety: Temporal Pole and Emotional Face-Responses.
Authors: Sawalha Jeffrey , Yousefnezhad Muhammad , Selvitella Alessandro , Cao Bo , Greenshaw Andrew , Greiner Russell 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A prominent cognitive aspect of anxiety is dysregulation of emotional interpretation of facial expressions, associated with neural activity from the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. We report machine learning analysis of fMRI results supporting a key role for a third area, the temporal pole (TP) for childhood anxiety in this context. This finding is based on differential fMRI responses to emotional faces (e.g. angry versus fearful faces) in children with one or more of generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, and social phobia (n = 22) compared with matched controls (n = 23). In our machine learning model, the right TP distinguished anxious from control children (accuracy = 81%). Involvement of the TP as significant for neurocognitive aspects of pediatric anxiety is a novel finding worthy of further investigation.
Climate vulnerability scenario of the agri-fishery communities in the Bicol River Basin, Philippines
Authors: Laureta Ricky , Regalado Ric Ryan , Cruz Ermar De La 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper investigated the vulnerability of the agriculture sector and rural agri-fishery livelihoods in the Bicol River Basin (BRB) in the Philippines to projected changes in climate. The geographical characteristics of the BRB features eight major sub-basins or watersheds consisting of Libmanan-Pulantuna, Ragay Hills, Thiris, Naga-Yabo, Pawili River, Waras-Lalo, Naporog, and Quinali. The study adopted the Climate Risk Vulnerability Assessment (CRVA) which employed geospatial modelling through the use of geographic information systems (GIS) data, briefly, a number of indicators which are presumed to affect vulnerability were used including exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity which were aggregated to provide an index of vulnerability. These components were integrated and modelled using GIS by identifying exposure to natural hazards, assessing the sensitivity of major crops to climate variations using ecological model (MaxEnt) under high emission climate scenario (RCP8.5), and identifying key aspects of adaptive capacity. Additionally, we also analyzed the perception of stakeholders towards vulnerability using participatory approaches. This enabled us to identify areas of exposure and vulnerability, and pointed areas of greatest need for strengthened adaptive capacity and risk management. Our findings suggested that majority of the towns in the north and central portions of the BRB will largely experience increased vulnerability, particularly, in the Thiris sub-basin including some parts of Ragay Hills, Waras-Lalo and the northwestern Libmanan-Pulantuna sub-basins. On the contrary, the entire Quinali sub-basin in the south revealed to have the lowest vulnerability index. The information derived from the study can be utilized to reinforce local-based climate policies.
Transcriptome Analysis of the Effect of Diosgenin on Autoimmune Thyroiditis in A Rat Model
Authors: Zhang Chengfei , Qin Lingling , Sun Boju , Wu You , Zhong Fengying , Wu Lili , Liu Tonghua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Transcriptomics was used to analyze the protective effect of diosgenin on autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in rats and its possible mechanism. Forty AIT model rats were established following high iodine induction and injection of porcine thyroglobulin adjuvant into Lewis rats. AIT-model rats were treated with an oral gavage(diosgenin) for 8 weeks. The concentrations of T3, T4, FT3, FT4, TSH, TRAb, TPOAb and TgAb in rat serum were detected. The unilateral thyroid lobes of rats were detected by transcriptomes, RT-qPCR (S100A9, PKA, Creb, Epac, and Rap1 mRNA), and Immunohistochemistry (cAMP, PKA, and Creb). The results showed that the expression of serum T3, T4, FT3, FT4, TSH, TgAb, and TPOAb in the high-dose group was greater than that in the low and middle-dose groups. And compared with the AIT-model group, the relative expression of cAMP, PKA and Creb mRNA and protein increased, S100A9 mRNA decreased in the diosgenin groups. To sum up, diosgenin can improve the expression of T3, T4, FT3, FT4, and TSH in AIT model rats, and decrease the concentrations of TRAb, TgAb and TPOAb, which may be related to activation of the cAMP/PKA/Creb pathway and downregulating the expression of S100A9 gene.
Transcriptomic analysis of breast cancer patients sensitive and resistant to chemotherapy: Looking for overall survival and drug resistance biomarkers
Authors: Barrón-Gallardo Carlos , García-Chagollán Mariel , Morán-Mendoza Andrés , Delgadillo-Cristerna Raúl , Martínez-Silva María , Aguilar-Lemarroy Adriana , Jave-Suárez Luis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is one important therapeutic strategy for breast cancer with the drawback of resistance development. Chemotherapy has adverse effects that combined with resistance could contribute to lower overall survival. This work aimed to evaluate the molecular profile of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy to discover differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that could be used as biomarkers of chemotherapy response and overall survival. Breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in this study and according to their pathological response were assigned as sensitive or resistant. To evaluate DEGs, GO, KEGG, and protein-protein interactions, RNAseq information from all patients was obtained by next-generation sequencing. A total of 1985 DEGs were found and KEGG analysis indicated a great number of DEGs in metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions. A selection of 73 DEGs was used further for an analysis of overall survival using the METABRIC study. Seven of those DEGs correlated with overall survival, of them the sub-expression of C1QTNF3, CTF1, OLFML3, PLA2R1, PODN and the over expression of TUBB and TCP1 were found in resistant patients and related to patients with lower overall survival.
Impact of Pre-Existing Depression in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Park Jangho , Park Sangwoo , Kim Yong-Giun , Ann Soe Hee , Park Hyun Woo , Suh Jon , Roh Jae-Hyung , Cho Young-Rak , Han Seungbong , Park Gyung-Min 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The impact of pre-existing depression on mortality in individuals with established coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. We evaluate the clinical implications of pre-existing depression in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Based on National Health Insurance claims data in Korea, patients without a known history of CAD who underwent PCI between 2013 and 2017 were enrolled. The study population was divided into patients with angina (n=50,256) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI; n=40,049). The primary endpoint, defined as all-cause death, was compared between the non-depression and depression groups using propensity score matching analysis. After propensity score matching, there were 4,262 and 2,346 matched pairs of patients with angina and AMI, respectively. During the follow-up period, there was no significant difference in the incidence of all-cause death in the angina (hazard ratio [HR] of depression, 1.013; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.893-1.151) and AMI (HR, 0.991; 95% CI: 0.865-1.136) groups. However, angina patients less than 65 years of age with depression had higher all-cause mortality (HR, 1.769; 95% CI: 1.240-2.525). In Korean patients undergoing PCI, pre-existing depression is not associated with poorer clinical outcomes. However, in younger patients with angina, depression is associated with higher all-cause mortality.
Defining GP Practices from an Urban Versus Rural Perspective: The Case of Czechia
Authors: Šídlo Luděk , Bělobrádek Jan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThis study is an attempt to demonstrate the potential for classifying GP practices in Czechia along an urban versus rural dimension and to compare the structure of areas thus defined with the OECD territorial typology. The aim is to ascertain whether a general approach to distinguishing regions is transferrable and could be used to define GP practices in Czechia. MethodsIn this study two variants are considered using data supplied to the authors by the largest health insurance company in Czechia, using geographical information systems. The results were then compared with the OECD regional typology, in which areas are classified as predominantly urban, intermediate, and predominantly rural. ResultsThe two GP practice typologies were then found to correspond closely to the OECD typology, but the most recent variant is more suitable. A high degree of similarity was evident in the categorisation of urban regions, and therefore practices, and slightly less so in the rural type areas. The most problematic aspect is defining the intermediate type, which has its own peculiarities and has to be considered within the wider context. ConclusionsDespite some structural differences, we can state that the main thinking behind the OECD typology is transferrable and can be used to determine urban versus rural healthcare providers, especially primary care ones. Nonetheless, the results point to further research avenues, especially on how to best to define the intermediate category so greater accuracy can be achieved in determining the resulting urban versus rural polarity.
Associations between occupational therapy students’ academic performance and their study approaches and perceptions of the learning environment
Authors: Bonsaksen Tore , Magne Trine , Stigen Linda , Gramstad Astrid , Åsli Lene , Mørk Gry , Johnson Susanne , Carstensen Tove 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Relationships between students’ academic performance and their employed study approaches have been studied extensively. However, research using study approaches and learning environment factors as concurrent predictors of academic performance is sparse. There is a need to disentangle the potentially interrelated influences of individual and contextual factors on students’ academic performance. Objective: This study aimed to increase the understanding of the associations between occupational therapy students’ academic performance, and their approaches to studying and perceptions of the learning environment. Method: A cross-sectional study was designed, and 174 first-year students completed the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students and the Course Experience Questionnaire, in addition to background information. Data on grades were collected from the data registries of each education institution, and associations were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results: None of the learning environment scales were associated with grades. Adjusting for all variables, better exam results were associated with being female (β = 0.22, p < 0.01) and having higher scores on strategic approach (β = 0.31, p < 0.001) and lower scores on surface approach (β = -0.20, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The study suggests that students with a desire for obtaining good grades ought to use strategic study behaviors and avoid using surface approach behaviors. While it is important to ensure good quality of the learning environment for a variety of reasons, the learning environment did not contribute significantly to explain the students’ academic performance.