bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An HPLC tool for process monitoring: rare sugar D- psicose and D- fructose contents during the production through an enzymatic path
Authors: Sri Rama Krishna Surapureddi  , Kunta Ravindhranath  , Saritha Anthireddy  
Published: January 2020

D-Psicose/allulose, a rare sugar, is an essential raw material in the pharmaceutical and food industries. It is scantly found in nature and to meet its demand in industries, D-Psicose is generated enzymatically using D-fructose as a substrate. In these conversations, it is important to monitor D-Psicose, in order to control the process, impurities, optimize the reaction time and reduce the process cost The available analytical methods have their limitations in quantifying D-psicose and D-fructose mixtures. Hence there is a need for the development of a routine, sensitive, quick and precise analytical method for D-psicose production on-line monitoring of reaction mixer. In the present work, a simplified reverse phase HPLC technique is developed and validated for the quick reaction monitoring of D-psicose from D-fructose, during enzymatic conversation procedures. The analysis is conducted at different concentrations ranging from 0.05 % to 0.5 % of the standard solutions of the D-psicose and D-fructose, by using water and Acetonitrile (at a ratio of 20:80) as eluent with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min on isocratic HPLC-RID system with an aminopropyl silane stationary phase [ZORBAX SIL 4.6 x 150 mm, 5 µm particle size column (USP-L8)]. The applicability of this method is illustrated in reaction monitoring, where D-fructose (substrate) is converted to D-psicose (product) in the presence of the enzyme: D-Tagotose 3- epimerase. Separation of D-psicose and D-fructose is achieved within 8 minutes with a resolution ≥ 4 which is the key advantage for reaction monitoring and linearity is established with regression of ≥ 0.99. Additionally, the current method uses a simple mobile phase, without any buffers. It can be used routinely for reaction monitoring.
Determination of the Dissociation Constants of Metformin from a Second Derivative UV Spectrum
Authors: Khalid Waleed S. Al-Janabi  , Ali Khalil Mahmood  , Hasan M. Luaibi  
Published: January 2020

An environmentally begnin second derivative spectrometric approach was developed for the estimation of the dissociation constants pKa(s) of metformin, a common anti-diabetic drug. The ultraviolet spectra of the aqueous solution of metformin were measured at different acidities, then the second derivative of each spectrum was graphed. The overlaid second derivative graphs exhibited two isobestic points at 225.5 nm and 244 nm pointing out to the presence of two dissociation constants for metformin pKa1 and pKa2, respectively. The method was validated by evaluating the reproducibility of the acquired results by comparing the estimated values of the dissociation constants of two different strategies that show excellent matching. As well as, the whole procedure was repeated with a new set of standard solutions and buffers for further verification. The average calculated values of pKa1 and pKa2 were found to be 2.72±0.01 and 11.61±0.08, with correlation coefficients ( R2) of 0.9916 and 0.9614, respectively. The established method was fast, affordable, reproducible, and the mean pKa values obtained were accurate and can be applied for the estimation of the dissociation constants of other active pharmaceutical compounds
KAJIAN IMPLEMENTASI NILAI EMP SEPEDA MOTOR 0.15 BERDASARKAN HASIL PEMODELAN MIKROSIMULASI LALULINTAS UNTUK PERHITUNGAN KINERJA SIMPANG BERSINYAL
Authors: Supoyo Supoyo , Irawati Iin 
Published: January 2020

<p> Abstrak</p><p>Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia 1997 adalah sebuah produk penelitian yang dibentuk dari hasil analisis data tahun 1994, yang mengacu pada kondisi lalulintas saat itu. MKJI 1997 seharusnya didasarkan pada kondisi arus lalulintas yang relevan. Pada kenyataannya, kondisi tersebut tidak sesuai dengan hasil lapangan, sehingga MKJI 1997 diperlukan suatu revisi. Salah satu subastansi yang direvisi adalah besaran nilai EMP. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengakaji implementasi hasil peneitian pada EMP sepeda motor pada simpang bersinyal, menggunakan metode simulasi lalulintas dengan bantuan software. Untuk membangun model simulasi lalulintas, diperlukan adanya suatu algoritma program. Angka 0.25 dalam MKJI 1997pada EMP sepeda motor dianggap tidak relevan dengan kondisi yang ada. Jadi diperlukan updating nilai. Dari hasil penelitian yang sudah dilakukan, didapatkan angka 0.15. Angka tersebut diimplementasikan dalam Metode MKJI 1997. Kata kunci : Ekivalen Mobil Penumpang; sepeda motor; MKJI, simpang bersinyal, panjang antrian.</p>
Chronic diarrhea in west highland white terrier caused by hyperthyroidism
Authors: Putra Maulana ArRaniri , Nafiu Isnin Ramadhani , Pawitri Diah 
Published: January 2020

A 8-years old, female West Highland White Terrier, with a 7-month history of diarrhea and sometimes hematemesis, polyuria and polydipsia. The antibiotic, antihelminthic, antiprotozoal, vitamin and diet changing was given by the previous veterinarian, diarrhea was stopped for a while but the diarrhea reappear. The clinical symptoms was chronic diarrhea, polyuria, and polydipsia. Physical examination revealed a swelling in ventrolateral neck area suspected a enlarge thyroid gland in right side. Blood analyses performed a markedly elevated thyroxine (T4) level and increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP). An urinalysis revealed decreases specific gravity (hypostenuria). From an examination, the diagnose hyperthyrodism has been made. The dog was treated by unilateral thyroidectomy. Histopathology of thyroidectomy was thyroid adenoma. A month after surgery, diarrhea was gone and polyuria and polydipsia was better
Is diabetes mellitus associated with malnutrition in patients in intensive care unit? Diabetes and malnutrition.
Authors: KEŞKEK Şakir , ZERMAN Avsar 
Published: January 2020

Aim: Types of diseases and treatment modalities can also lead to the exacerbation of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to investigate nutritional status of patients with diabetes mellitus in the intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital.Materials and methods: One hundred and ninety-two patients were enrolled and divided into two groups. The study group comprised of 77 patients with type 2 diabetes and the control group comprised of 115 patients without diabetes. The nutritional risk assessment was tested with NRS (Nutritional Risk Screening) 2002, Nutric score, MNA (Mini-Nutritional Assessment) and MUST (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool). Results: The groups were comparable according to the NRS 2002 (3.37 ± 1.84 vs. 3.93 ± 1.72, p = 0.075), Nutric score (4.61 ± 1.85 vs. 4.56 ± 1.85, p = 0.869), MNA (8.0 ± 3.1 vs. 7.1 ± 3.2, p = 0.068) and MUST score (1.62 ± 1.46 vs. 1.81 ± 1.59, p = 0.456). Conclusion: In this study, the risk of malnutrition is comparable in both groups. This result may suggest that malnutrition is also related to co-morbidities in addition to diabetes.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Tahu menjadi Biogas di Industri Tahu Murni Pak Min Jomblangan, Banguntapan, Yogyakarta
Authors: Shitophyta Lukhi Mulia , Purwanti Siwi , Maryudi Maryudi 
Published: January 2020

COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM: THE UTILIZING OF TOFU LIQUID WASTE INTO BIOGAS AT TOFU INDUSTRY OF PAK MIN, JOMBLANGAN, BANGUNTAPAN, YOGYAKARTA. The industry tofu of Pak Min is a home industry with four employees which produces 200 kg of tofu every day and generates 50 kg of liquid wastes per day. The problem that is faced by the industrial owner is the lack of knowledge in handling liquid wastes. The disposal of waste is only discharged into a river which results in buildup of liquid paddles on the ground surface and environmental pollution. Therefore, the objectives of this program were to socialize the hazard and management process of tofu waste and to provide the training to convert tofu liquid waste into biogas.
KEKOSONGAN NORMA PENENTUAN BUNGA PINJAMAN FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY PEER TO PEER LENDING
Authors: Tjandra Antoni 
Published: January 2020

Today is the era of the modern economy which is made non-bank financial institutions sector experiencing growth. One form of this development is marked by the emergence of Financial Technology. One of the products of the Financial Technology is Peer to Peer Lending that have business activities provide loans accompanied by interest to the debtor. Currently lending restrictions imposed on the debtor fintech is 0.8% per day (maximum limit), but this maximum interest limit was issued by Asosiasi Fintech Pendanaan Bersama Indonesia (AFPI) which is an association of Fintech organizers. This paper discusses the legal protection of the debtor against the Peer to Peer Lending lending rate. The method used is normative juridical. The collection of legal materials through the literature and qualitative normative analysis. The results of this study aims to determine the legal protection for debtors in the Financial Technology in the Peer to Peer Lending agreement to interest rate loan Peer to Peer Lending determined by Asosiasi Fintech Pendanaan Bersama Indonesia (AFPI).Saat ini adalah jaman dari perekonomian modern yang dimana hal ini kemudian membuat sektor lembaga keuangan bukan bank mengalami perkembangan. Salah satu bentuk dari perkembangan tersebut adalah ditandai dengan munculnya Financial Technology. Salah satu produk dari Financial Technology adalah Peer to Peer Lending yang mempunyai kegiatan usaha memberikan pinjaman yang disertai dengan bunga kepada debitur. Saat ini batasan bunga pinjaman fintech yang dikenakan kepada debitur adalah 0,8% per hari (batas maksimum), namun batasan bunga maksimum ini dikeluarkan oleh Asosiasi Fintech Pendanaan Bersama Indonesia (AFPI) yang merupakan asosiasi para penyelenggara Fintech. Penulisan ini membahas perlindungan hukum terhadap debitur terhadap suku bunga pinjaman Peer to Peer Lending. Metode yang digunakan menggunakan yuridis normatif. Pengumpulan bahan hukum melalui kepustakaan dan dianalisis normatif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perlindungan hukum bagi debitur dalam Financial Technology di dalam perjanjian Peer to Peer Lending terhadap suku bunga pinjaman Peer to Peer Lending yang ditentukan oleh Asosiasi Fintech Pendanaan Bersama Indonesia (AFPI).
Analisis Pedagogical Content Knowledge Guru dan Calon Guru pada Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Gultom Christine Iriane , Mampouw Helti Lygia 
Published: January 2020

Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is an important thing that must be mastered by teachers and prospective teachers to find out how to teach certain content to improve student understanding. The purpose of this research was to analyze the pedagogical content knowledge of teachers and prospective teachers in elementary in mathematics learning. The research method is descriptive qualitative. The focus of this research is the Wiyata Bakti teacher at SD Kaligentong 01 Ampel and prospective primary school teacher. The method of data collection in this research uses questions and interviews consisting of questions that are used to collect data relating to 7 components of PCK. The results of this research indicate that the PCK owned by the teacher is good in mathematics learning and PCK owned by prospective teacher is good enough in mathematics learning.
Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) merupakan hal penting yang harus dikuasai oleh guru dan calon guru untuk mengetahui bagaimana mengajarkan konten tertentu untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pedagogical content knowledge guru dan calon guru SD pada pembelajaran matematika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Fokus penelitian ini adalah guru wiyata bakti di SD Kaligentong 01 Ampel dan calon guru. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan soal dan wawancara yang terdiri dari butir-butir pertanyaan yang dipergunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yang berkaitan dengan 7 komponen PCK. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PCK yang dimiliki guru sudah baik dalam pembelajaran matematika dan PCK yang dimiliki calon guru cukup baik dalam pembelajaran matematika
Proses Berpikir Kreatif Modifikatif Siswa dalam Pengajuan Soal Matematika
Authors: Marhayati Marhayati 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study aims to describe the process of creative modification in mathematical problem posing. This research is descriptive. The research subjects reported were 7th grade students of Islamic Junior High School Surya Buana. The research subjects were 17 students. The subject used is Social Arithmetic. The submission of mathematical questions is applied in this study. The creative process of modification thinking in mathematical problem posing is a thought process that starts from the search for ideas originating from the provided information, possessed knowledge, daily experience, and / or from questions that have been previously proposed, then there are modification or addition of new information at once develop the form of a question that is submitted out of the given situation.

Abstrak
Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses berpikir kreatif modifikatif dalam pengajuan soal matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif. Subjek penelitian yang dilaporkan merupakan siswa kelas 7 MTs Surya Buana. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 17 siswa. Pokok bahasan yang digunakan adalah Aritmatika Sosial. Pembelajaran yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui pengajuan soal matematika. Proses berpikir kreatif modifikatif dalam pengajuan soal matematika adalah proses berpikir yang dimulai dari pencarian ide yang bersumber dari informasi yang diberikan, pengetahuan yang dimiliki, pengalaman sehari-hari, dan/atau dari soal yang sudah diajukan sebelumnya, kemudian adanya modifikasi atau penambahan informasi baru sekaligus pengembangan bentuk soal yang diajukan keluar situasi yang diberikan.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Representasi Matematis dan Self Confidence Siswa Melalui Pembelajaran Humanistik Berbasis Pendidikan Matematik Realistik
Authors: Rista Lia , Eviyanti Cut Yuniza , Hadijah Siti 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this study are: (1) to find out the difference of improvement of students’ mathematical representation ability and students’ self-confidence through humanistic learning based on realistic mathematical approaches and conventional learning reviewed (a) as a whole and (b) at the student level (high, medium, low), (2) to find out is there interaction between learning process and students’ initial ability on the improvement of students’ mathematical representation ability and students’ self-confidence. The population of this study is all of the student in SMA Negeri 1 Lhokseumawe. The sample of this study was taken randomly consist of two classes . The two way ANAVA was used to analyzed the data of this study. The results of this study indicate that the increasement of students’ mathematical representation who learned with humanistic learning based on PMR is higher than the students’ who learned with conventional learning.The Increasement of students’ self-confidence who learned with humanistic learning based on PMR is higher than the students who learned with conventional learning. There is interaction between learning model (problem-based learning and conventional learning) and students’ initial mathematical ability toward the increasement of students' mathematical representation ability. There is interaction between learning model (problem based learning and conventional learning) and students’ initial mathematical ability toward the increasement of students’ self-confidence.
Keywords:humanistic learning based on PMR, Conventional Learning, Mathematical Representation, and Self-Confidence.

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Untuk mengetahui perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis dan self confidence siswa melalui pembelajaran humanistik berbasis pendidikan matematika realistik (PMR) dan pembelajaran biasa (PB) ditinjau dari:(a) secara keseluruhan, (b) berdasarkan level siswa (tinggi, sedang, rendah), (2) Untuk mengetahui Apakah terdapat interaksi antara strategi pembelajaran dengan level siswa terhadap kemampuan representasi matematis dan self confidence siswa. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa SMA Negeri 1 Lhokseumawe. Sampel penelitian diambil secara acak sebanyak 2 kelas. Analisis data dilakukan dengan ANAVA Dua Jalur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa yang diberi pembelajaran humanistik berbasis PMR lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang diberi PB. Peningkatan self confidence siswa yang diberi pembelajaran humanistik berbasis PMR lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang diberi PB. Terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan KAM terhadap peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa. Terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan KAM terhadap peningkatan self confidence siswa.
Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Humanistik berbasis PMR, Pembelajaran Biasa, Representasi Matematis, dan Self Confidence.
Overview of the Mechanisms of Failure in Heat Treated Steel Components
Authors: MacKenzie Scott 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the possible mechanisms of failure for heat treated steel components and discusses the techniques for examining fractures, ductile and brittle failures, intergranular failure mechanisms, and fatigue. It begins with a description of the general sources of component failure. This is followed by a section on the stages of a failure analysis, which can proceed one after the other or occur at the same time. These stages of analysis are collection of background data, preliminary visual examination, nondestructive testing, selection and preservation of specimens, mechanical testing, macroexamination, microexamination, metallographic examination, determination of the fracture mechanism, chemical analysis, exemplar testing, and analysis and writing the report. The chapter ends with a discussion on various processes involved in the determination of the fracture mechanism.
General Aspects of Failure Analysis
Authors: Bose-Filho Waldek Wladimir , Tarpani José Ricardo , Milan Marcelo Tadeu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter briefly outlines some of the basic aspects of failure analysis, describing some of the basic steps and major concerns in conducting a failure analysis. A brief review of failure types from fracture, distortion, wear-assisted failure, and environmentally assisted failure (corrosion) is also provided.
Failure in Steel Forging
Authors: Maniruzzaman Md. , Sisson Richard D. , Crosby Stephen R. , Gure Charlie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article presents six case studies of failures with steel forgings. The case studies covered are crankshaft underfill; tube bending; spade bit; trim tear; upset forging; and avoidance of flow through, lap, and crack. The case studies illustrate difficulties encountered in either cold forging or hot forging in terms of preforge factors and/or discontinuities generated by the forging process. Supporting topics that are discussed in the case studies include validity checks for buster and blocker design, lubrication and wear, mechanical surface phenomenon, forging process design, and forging tolerances. Wear, plastic deformation processes, and laws of friction are introduced as a group of subjects that have been considered in the case studies.
Failures from the Casting Process
Authors: Maluf Omar , Rossino Luciana Sgarbi , Carletti Camilo Bento , Ribeiro Celso Roberto , Chinaglia Clever Ricardo , May José Eduardo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter describes cast steel features that may be identified or attributed to component failure during heat treatment or subsequent processing or service, namely porosity (generated by the presence of gas as well as by shrinkage pores), decarburization, cold joint, and inclusions.
Steel Failures due to Tempering and Isothermal Heat Treatment
Authors: Vatavuk Jan , Canale L.C.F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis chapter reviews the causes and cases associated with the problems originated by tempering of steels. To provide background on this phenomenon, a brief description of the martensite reactions and the steel heat treatment of tempering is given to review the different stages of microstructural transformation. A section describing the types of embrittlement from tempering, along with mechanical tests for the determination of temper embrittlement (TE), is presented. Various factors involved in the interaction of the TE phenomenon with hydrogen embrittlement and liquid-metal embrittlement are also provided. The cases covered are grinding cracks on steel cam shaft and transgranular and intergranular crack path in commercial steels.
Induction Hardening
Authors: Grum Janez 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Induction heating, in most applications, is used to selectively heat only a portion of the workpiece that requires treatment. This chapter covers the basic principles, features, and metallurgical aspects of induction heating. The discussion includes the conditions required for induction heating and quenching, the use of magnetic flux concentrators to improve the efficiency of surface heating, and the quenching systems used for induction hardening. The discussion also provides information on time-temperature dependence in induction heating, workpiece distortion in induction surface hardening, residual stresses after induction surface hardening and finish grinding, and input and output control of steel for induction surface hardening of gears.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Film Kartun Matematika Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa SD Negeri 187 Pinrang
Authors: Zainal Zaid , Jasriani Andi , Hasnah Hasnah 
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini menelaah tentang uji coba media film kartun matematika pada mata pelajaran matematika siswa SD Negeri 187 Pinrang. untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh penggunaan media film kartun matematika terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa SD Negeri 187 Pinrang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen dan menggunakan desain Quasy Experimental dalam bentuk Pretest-Posttest Non Equivalent Control Group Design. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel yaitu 70 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes dalam bentuk pilihan ganda dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan teknik statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji Paired Sample T-Test diperoleh signifikansi 0,00 (0,00 < 0,05) dan hasil analisis dari uji t diperoleh nilai - thitung < - ttabel (-22.321 < -2.032) menunjukkan bahwa H0 ditolak yang artinya terdapat perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar matematika siswa SD Negeri 187 Pinrang antara sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan media film kartun matematika. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa media film kartun matematika berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa SD Negeri 187 Pinrang.