bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mediating role of documents: information sharing through medical records in healthcare
Authors: Isah Esther Ebole , Byström Katriina 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe focus of this paper is on the mediating role of medical records in patient care. Their informative, communicative and constitutive facets are analysed on the basis of a case study in an African University teaching hospital.Design/methodology/approachA practice-oriented approach and the concept of boundary objects were adopted to examine medical records as information artefacts. Data from nonparticipant observations and interviews with physicians were triangulated in a qualitative analysis.FindingsThree distinctive practices for information sharing – absorbing by reading, augmenting by documenting and recounting by presenting – were identified as central to the mediating role of medical records in the care of patients. Additionally, three information-sharing functions outside the immediate care of patients were identified: facilitating interactions, controlling hegemonic order and supporting learning. The records were both a useful information resource and a blueprint for sustaining shared practices over time. The medical records appeared as an essential part of patient care and amendments to them resulted in changes in several other work practices.Originality/valueThe analysis contributes to research on documents as enacting and sustaining work practices in a workplace.
Gender diversity, governance and dividend policy in Brazil
Authors: Almeida Tatiana Aquino , Morais Cinthya Rachel Firmino de , Coelho Antonio Carlos 
Published: April 2020

PurposeConsidering that the heterogeneity in the composition of deliberation and management bodies can promote a differentiated impact on earnings distribution policies of companies, the purpose of this paper is to examine the marginal influence of female participation on the board of directors and executive board regarding decisions associated with dividend policy in companies operating in Brazil.Design/methodology/approachThe sample is composed of non-financial companies listed on the B3 Stock Exchange between 2010 and 2015, which encompasses 261 companies (1,084 observations per year). The tests aim at explaining the probability of earnings distribution and the payout level of companies through variables that measure the female presence – considering that the explanatory economic attributes of decisions over dividends are kept under control. The econometric analysis was carried out through the descriptive analysis of the variables and LOGIT and TOBIT tests of inference estimated with fixed effects and meeting all econometric requirements.FindingsThe proportion of women in both deliberative and executive bodies affects marginally the dividend policy of Brazilian companies. The female presence in management bodies contributes to a higher probability of earnings distribution and increase in the payout level; such tendency is moderated when women are in the board of directors; so, we do not reject the hypothesis of female influence on dividend policy decisions in Brazil.Originality/valueOne can find such investigations in foreign environments, but such tests had not been accomplished in Brazil so far. We discuss, therefore, in an unprecedented way, the heterogeneity in deliberative (governance) and executive (management) bodies and its outcomes in strategic decisions made in Brazilian companies, focusing on the female insertion and on fundamental decisions that are related to the relationship among stakeholders, which is the dividend policy per se.
Understanding demonstration effects among youth sport spectators: cognitive and affective explanations
Authors: Potwarka Luke R. , Snelgrove Ryan , Wood Laura , Teare Georgia , Wigfield Daniel 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine whether watching a live track cycling event could increase youths' intention to participate in the sport, and to identify cognitive and affective mechanisms associated with post-event intentions.Design/methodology/approachA sample of youth spectators (n = 362) who experienced the 2016 Milton International Track Cycling Challenge completed pre- and post-event questionnaires to assess intention to participate and cognitive and affective components of their spectator experience.FindingsRespondents' intentions to participate post-event were significantly higher than pre-event. Results also indicated that state inspiration mediated relationships between three cognitive dimensions of sport spectator experiences (i.e. fantasy, flow, evaluation) and intention to participate.Practical implicationsSport managers should design youth day events to engage with youth prior to the event to increase their knowledge of the sport. This prior engagement may help youth to evaluate performances effectively. Moreover, event experience should be designed to incorporate vicarious and immersive experiences tailored to youth spectators.Originality/valueThe present study is one of the first to assess intentions to participate among youth spectators at multiple time points (i.e. before and after an event) and identifies specific mechanism within the spectator experience that may lead to a demonstration effect.
Fatal neonatal nephrocutaneous syndrome in 18 Roma children with EGFR deficiency
Authors: Mazurova Stella , Tesarova Marketa , Zeman Jiri , Stranecky Viktor , Hansikova Hana , Baxova Alica , Giertlova Maria , Lastuvkova Jana , Chovanova Vanda , Rusnakova Simona , Knapkova Maria , Minarik Gabriel , Honzik Tomas , Magner Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein with tyrosine‐kinase signaling activity, involved in many cellular functions including cell growth and differentiation. Germ line loss‐of‐function mutations in EGFR lead to a severe neonatal skin disorder (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #131550). We report 18 premature Roma children from 16 families with birthweights ranging 440–1470 g and multisystem diseases due to the homozygous mutation c.1283G˃A (p.Gly428Asp) in EGFR. They presented with thin, translucent, fragile skin (14/15), skin desquamation (10/17), ichthyosis (9/17), recurrent skin infections and sepsis (9/12), nephromegaly (10/16) and congenital heart defects (7/17). Their prognosis was poor, and all died before the age of 6 months except one 13‐year‐old boy with a severe skin disorder, dentinogenesis imperfecta, Fanconi‐like syndrome and secondary hyperaldosteronism. Management of ion and water imbalances and extremely demanding skin care may improve the unfavorable outcome of such patients.
The paradox of the long term: human evolution and entanglement★
Authors: Hodder Ian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOver recent decades, many archaeologists have eschewed evolutionary theories, and in doing so they have turned away from the identification of long‐term trends that are of great relevance to present‐day matters of concern. In particular, there is clear evidence for an overall long‐term increase in the amount of human‐made material and associated human‐thing entanglements, an increase tied up with environmental impact and global inequalities. The directionality of these long‐term changes is clear and yet evolutionary theory largely shuns notions of overall directional change. This paradox and its implications are the subject of this article, with the suggestion made that, for human evolution at least, notions of directionality and path dependence need to be embraced, with concomitant changes in human evolutionary theory, and with implications for responses to environmental change. Adding to earlier accounts of entanglement, emphases are placed on the self‐amplifying processes that lead to change and on irreversibility in the place of teleology.
Women’s Lives Beyond the Checkpoint in Palestine
Authors: Griffiths Mark , Repo Jemima 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article brings women to the fore of a discussion of checkpoints in Palestine to understand better the ways that Palestinian women’s lives—even as they may not regularly cross checkpoints—are affected by Israeli security infrastructure. Drawing on fieldwork near Checkpoint 300 between Bethlehem and Jerusalem, we examine women’s lives in the context of a gendered system of permits and the nearby checkpoint that makes men’s days of labour both long and exhausting, a fact that has profound effects on the family home in terms of restricted mobilities and the division of domestic labour. The article thus builds an account of checkpoints that: (1) situates women’s everyday lives in Palestine in the context of Israel’s military occupation; (2) extends the temporality of checkpoints beyond the checkpoint itself; and, therefore, (3) enables an understanding of the effects of borders beyond the immediate space of the border.
Quantitative fetal fibronectin for prediction of preterm birth in asymptomatic twin pregnancy
Authors: Kuhrt Katy , Hezelgrave‐Elliott Natasha , Stock Sarah J. , Tribe Rachel , Seed Paul T. , Shennan Andrew H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate cervicovaginal fluid quantitative fetal fibronectin, measured by a bedside analyzer, to predict spontaneous preterm birth in twin pregnancy before 30 weeks of gestation.Material and methodsIn a prospective cohort study, we studied the accuracy of quantitative fetal fibronectin measured between 18 and 27+6 weeks of gestation in high‐risk asymptomatic women with twin pregnancies, to predict spontaneous preterm birth before 30 weeks of gestation. Predefined fetal fibronectin thresholds were ≥10, ≥50 and ≥200 ng/mL. Predictive statistics were also calculated to evaluate accuracy of “early” tests, performed between 18 and 21+6 weeks and “standard” tests performed between 22+0 and 27+6 weeks of gestation in the same cohort. Subgroup analysis was performed according to cervical length measurement. In addition, we compared accuracy of prediction with quantitative fetal fibronectin measured during the standard test period in asymptomatic twin pregnancy with no additional risk factors, to twin pregnancies with one or more additional risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth.ResultsOf 130 eligible women identified with quantitative fetal fibronectin tests undertaken during the standard testing period, 9% delivered before 30 weeks of gestation. Quantitative fetal fibronectin was significantly related to outcome before 30/40 (ROC curves of 0.8 [95% CI 0.7‐1]). Early tests were not significantly predictive; ROC area 0.53 (95% CI 0.29‐0.81). There was a trend towards better predictive accuracy when one or more additional risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth or cervical length were considered.ConclusionsQuantitative fetal fibronectin measured from 22 to 27+6 weeks of gestation accurately predicts spontaneous preterm birth at <30 weeks of gestation. Tests undertaken earlier are of limited value. Consideration of cervical length or prior history in addition to quantitative fetal fibronectin strengthens prediction.
Analysis of 61 exclusive enteral nutrition formulas used in the management of active Crohn’s disease—new insights into dietary disease triggers
Authors: Logan Michael , Gkikas Konstantinos , Svolos Vaios , Nichols Ben , Milling Simon , Gaya Daniel R. , Seenan John Paul , Macdonald Jonathan , Hansen Richard , Ijaz Umer Z. , Russell Richard K. , Gerasimidis Konstantinos 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundExclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is an effective treatment for Crohn's disease.AimsTo investigate the hypothesis that ingredients of EEN formulas are unlikely to initiate a disease flare and that their dietary elimination is not essential for disease amelioration.MethodsWe performed compositional analysis of EEN formulas with evidence of efficacy in management of active Crohn's disease. Macronutrient content was compared against the dietary reference values (DRV), the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) and intake of Crohn's disease children. Food additives were cross‐referenced against the FAO/WHO database.ResultsSixty‐one formulas were identified with variable composition (carbohydrates [22.8%‐89.3%], protein [7.8%‐30.1%], fat [0%‐52.5%]). Maltodextrin, milk protein and vegetable/plant oils were the commonest macronutrient sources. Their n‐6:n‐3 fatty acid ratio varied from 0.25 to 46.5. 56 food additives were identified (median per formula: 11). All formulas were lactose‐free, gluten‐free, and 82% lacked fibre. The commonest food additives were emulsifiers, stabilisers, antioxidants, acidity regulators and thickeners. Food additives, implicated in Crohn's disease aetiology, were present in formulas (modified starches [100%], carrageenan [22%], carboxymethyl cellulose [13%] and polysorbate 80 [5%]). Remission rates did not differ between EEN formulas with and without those food additives. Analysis including only formulas from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) retained in the latest Cochrane meta‐analysis produced similar findings. EEN formulas contained less energy from saturated fat than NDNS intake.ConclusionWe have identified food ingredients which are present in EEN formulas that are effective in Crohn's disease and challenge perceptions that these ingredients might be harmful.
Changing paradigms in measuring national well‐being: How does Korea rank “beyond GDP”?
Authors: Rudolf Robert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAcademics, politicians, and citizens around the world are calling for multidimensional measures of national well‐being to be included in public policy‐making. Under the motto “The Future of Well‐Being,” the 6th OECD World Forum recently pushed forward this debate in Incheon, Korea. Comparing multidimensional well‐being measures across countries, Korea ranks well in income and health, but shows deficiencies in social support, perceived freedom over life choices, air quality, and work‐life balance. Multidimensional measures of well‐being are increasingly being adopted by policy‐makers around the world to improve people's lives.
The effects of aripiprazole and olanzapine on pupillary light reflex and its relationship with pharmacogenetics in a randomized multiple‐dose trial
Authors: Koller Dora , Saiz‐Rodríguez Miriam , Zubiaur Pablo , Ochoa Dolores , Almenara Susana , Román Manuel , Romero‐Palacián Daniel , de Miguel‐Cáceres Alejandro , Martín Samuel , Navares‐Gómez Marcos , Mejía Gina , Wojnicz Aneta , Abad‐Santos Francisco 
Published: April 2020

AimsPupillography is a noninvasive and cost‐effective method to determine autonomic nerve activity. Genetic variants in cytochrome P450 (CYP), dopamine receptor (DRD2, DRD3), serotonin receptor (HTR2A, HTR2C) and ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B (ABCB1) genes, among others, were previously associated with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antipsychotic drugs. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of aripiprazole and olanzapine on pupillary light reflex related to pharmacogenetics.MethodsTwenty‐four healthy volunteers receiving 5 oral doses of 10 mg aripiprazole and 5 mg olanzapine tablets were genotyped for 46 polymorphisms by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Pupil examination was performed by automated pupillometry. Aripiprazole, dehydro‐aripiprazole and olanzapine plasma concentrations were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsAripiprazole affected pupil contraction: it caused dilatation after the administration of the first dose, then caused constriction after each dosing. It induced changes in all pupillometric parameters (P < .05). Olanzapine only altered minimum pupil size (P = .046). Polymorphisms in CYP3A, HTR2A, UGT1A1, DRD2 and ABCB1 affected pupil size, the time of onset of constriction, pupil recovery and constriction velocity. Aripiprazole, dehydro‐aripiprazole and olanzapine pharmacokinetics were significantly affected by polymorphisms in CYP2D6, CYP3A, CYP1A2, ABCB1 and UGT1A1 genes.ConclusionsIn conclusion, aripiprazole and its main metabolite, dehydro‐aripiprazole altered pupil contraction, but olanzapine did not have such an effect. Many polymorphisms may influence pupillometric parameters and several polymorphisms had an effect on aripiprazole, dehydro‐aripiprazole and olanzapine pharmacokinetics. Pupillography could be a useful tool for the determination of autonomic nerve activity during antipsychotic treatment.
Neonatal incubator or artificial womb? Distinguishing ectogestation and ectogenesis using the metaphysics of pregnancy
Authors: Kingma Elselijn , Finn Suki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA 2017 Nature report was widely touted as hailing the arrival of the artificial womb. But the scientists involved claim their technology is merely an improvement in neonatal care. This raises an under‐considered question: what differentiates neonatal incubation from artificial womb technology? Considering the nature of gestation—or metaphysics of pregnancy—(a) identifies more profound differences between fetuses and neonates/babies than their location (in or outside the maternal body) alone: fetuses and neonates have different physiological and physical characteristics; (b) characterizes birth as a physiological, mereological and topological transformation as well as a (morally relevant) change of location; and (c) delivers a clear distinction between neonatal incubation and ectogestation: the former supports neonatal physiology; the latter preserves fetal physiology. This allows a detailed conceptual classification of ectogenetive and ectogestative technologies according to which the 2017 system is not just improved neonatal incubation, but genuine ectogestation. But it is not an artificial womb, which is a term that is better put to rest. The analysis reveals that any ethical discussion involving ectogestation must always involve considerations of possible risks to the mother as well as her autonomy and rights. It also adds a third and potentially important dimension to debates in reproductive ethics: the physiological transition from fetus/gestateling to baby/neonate.
COVID‐19 and urology: a comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Puliatti Stefano , Eissa Ahmed , Eissa Radwa , Amato Marco , Mazzone Elio , Dell’Oglio Paolo , Sighinolfi Maria Chiara , Zoeir Ahmed , Micali Salvatore , Bianchi Giampaolo , Patel Vipul , Wiklund Peter , Coelho Rafael F. , Bernhard Jean‐Christophe , Dasgupta Prokar , Mottrie Alexandre , Rocco Bernardo 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo discuss the impact of COVID‐19 on global health, particularly on urological practice and to review some of the available recommendations reported in the literature. Material and MethodsIn the current narrative review the PubMed database was searched to identify all the related reports discussing the impact of COVID‐19 on the urological field.ResultsThe COVID‐19 pandemic is the latest and biggest global health threat. Medical and surgical priorities have changed dramatically to cope with the current challenge. These changes include postponements of all elective outpatient visits and surgical procedures to save facilities and resources for urgent cases and patients with COVID‐19 patients. This review discuss some of the related changes in urology.ConclusionsOver the coming weeks, healthcare workers including urologists will be facing increasingly difficult challenges, and consequently, they should adopt triage strategy to avoid wasting of medical resources and they should endorse sufficient protection policies to guard against infection when dealing with COVID‐19 patients.
‘We are the same as everyone else just with a different and unique backstory’: Identity, belonging and ‘othering’ within education for young people who are ‘looked after’
Authors: Jones Lisa , Dean Charlotte , Dunhill Ally , Hope Max A. , Shaw Patricia A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper develops understandings of how being publicly identified and consequently labelled as ‘looked after’ can have damaging consequences for young people, particularly in how they are perceived by their peers in the context of schooling. Based on qualitative research in northern England utilising participatory approaches with young people and interviews with support staff, we explore barriers that inhibit young people's sense of belonging. We highlight how the very processes and practices set up to support the young people can often have unintended consequences by routinely positioning them as Other, before considering the implications for education and schooling in particular.
Relationship between improvement of glycaemic control and reduction of major cardiovascular events in 15 cardiovascular outcome trials: A meta‐analysis with meta‐regression
Authors: Giugliano Dario , Bellastella Giuseppe , Longo Miriam , Scappaticcio Lorenzo , Maiorino Maria Ida , Chiodini Paolo , Esposito Katherine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimIn order to disclose relations between reduction of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and risk of major cardiovascular events (MACE), we performed a meta‐analysis with metaregression of all cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) so far published in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsAn electronic search up to February 10, 2020 was conducted to determine eligible trials. Pooled summary estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated according to the random effects model using the Paule‐Mandel method; restricted maximum likelihood estimators were used to estimate model parameters in the metaregression.ResultsThe 15 CVOTs included evaluated 138,250 patients. In the pooled analysis, the risk of MACE was significantly reduced by 9% (hazard ratio, HR = 0.91, 0.87–0.95, P <0.001) as compared with placebo, with significant heterogeneity between trials (I2 = 44%, P = 0.060) There was a robust relation between the reduction in achieved HbA1c at the end of the trial and the HR reduction for MACE (beta = −0.3169, P = 0.029), explaining most (78%) of the between‐study variance; this relation was totally driven by the risk reduction of non‐fatal stroke only, which explained 100% of between‐study variance, and apparently restricted to the class of glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP−1RAs). There was no relation between the reduction in achieved HbA1c and the HR for heart failure (variance explained = 0%) or all‐cause mortality (variance explained = 6%).ConclusionThe blood glucose reduction observed in CVOTs may play some role in reducing the risk of non‐fatal stroke, at least during treatment with GLP‐1RAs, without affecting the other two components of MACE.
Stable isotope analysis for assessing the intercrop movement of Microplitis mediator, a larval endoparasitoid of Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yang Long , Li Min‐Long , Liu Yong‐Qiang , Lu Yan‐Hui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMethods to trace source habitats and movement of parasitic natural enemies in agroecosystems are limited. This study demonstrates that stable carbon isotope analysis offers a valuable new method for revealing the movement of Microplitis mediator (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a larval endoparasitoid of Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), between C3 and C4 plants. Results indicate that M. mediator with δ13C values of lower than −22‰ originate from a C3 plant, whereas those with δ13C values of higher than −19‰ develop on a C4 plant.