bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertically Stacked Perovskite Detectors for Color Sensing and Color Vision
Authors: Qarony Wayesh , Kozawa Masayuki , Khan Haris Ahmad , Hossain Mohammad Ismail , Salleo Alberto , Tsang Yuen Hong , Hardeberg Jon Yngve , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Knipp Dietmar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOptical color sensors based on perovskites are described. These sensors overcome the limits of conventional image sensors used in smartphones and digital cameras. The sensors allow for detecting the primary colors red, green, and blue without using optical filters. The color sensors consist of vertically stacked diodes using perovskite alloys. The described sensor structure is color aliasing or color moiré error free, while conventional sensors using optical filters are limited by this error. The spectral sensitivity of vertically stacked sensors is up to three times higher than the spectral sensitivity of filter‐based color sensors. The optical constants of the required perovskite alloys are determined, and color sensors are electromagnetically modeled. The spectral sensitivities of the sensors are colorimetrically characterized and compared to sensors in the literature including conventional sensors using optical filters. This study, for the first time, shows that a vertically stacked three color sensor exhibits a color error equal to, or smaller than, errors of conventional sensors using optical filters. Details on the used materials, the device design, and the colorimetric analysis are provided.
Extreme Subwavelength Magnetoelastic Electromagnetic Antenna Implemented with Multiferroic Nanomagnets
Authors: Drobitch Justine Lynn , De Anulekha , Dutta K. , Pal Pratap Kumar , Adhikari Arundhati , Barman Anjan , Bandyopadhyay Supriyo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAntennas typically have emission/radiation efficiencies bounded by A/λ2(A < λ2) where A is the emitting area and λ is the emitted wavelength. That makes it challenging to miniaturize antennas to extreme subwavelength dimensions without severely compromising their efficiencies. To overcome this challenge, an electromagnetic (EM) antenna is actuated with a surface acoustic wave (SAW) whose wavelength is about five orders of magnitude smaller than the EM wavelength at the same frequency. This allows to implement an extreme subwavelength EM antenna, radiating an EM wave of wavelength λ = 2 m, whose emitting area is ≈10−8 m2 (A/λ2 = 2.5 × 10−9), and whose measured radiation efficiency exceeds the A/λ2 limit by over 105. The antenna consists of magnetostrictive nanomagnets deposited on a piezoelectric substrate. A SAW launched in the substrate with an alternating electrical voltage periodically strains the nanomagnets and rotates their magnetizations owing to the Villari effect. The oscillating magnetizations emit EM waves at the frequency of the SAW. These extreme subwavelength antennas that radiate with efficiencies a few orders of magnitude larger than the A/λ2 limit allow drastic miniaturization of communication systems.
Solution‐Processed Transparent Superhydrophobic Protection Layers for Enhancing the Device Reliability of Flexible Organic Optoelectronics
Authors: Yoo Daekyoung , Kang Keehoon , Kim Youngrok , Ahn Heebeom , Lee Woocheol , Pak Jinsu , Chung Seungjun , Lee Takhee 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOrganic materials and devices have attracted great attention for implementation of flexible and transparent electronics applications. However, further easy‐to‐manage organic devices with acceptable environmental reliability in open air are desirable. Specifically, because water‐based threats and particle contamination can degrade the functions of organic optoelectronics, introducing a superhydrophobic protection layer onto organic devices, which can eliminate issues via excellent water repellency, is necessary. In this study, surface‐engineered TiO2 nanoparticles dispersed in a highly fluorinated solvent are deposited on organic devices using organo‐compatible solution processing. The optimization of the TiO2 nanoparticle layer, such as the surface roughness and thickness of the film, enables the realization of a transparent superhydrophobic layer; therefore, the film can be utilized in transparent organic optoelectronics, especially in phototransistor applications. The transparent superhydrophobic layer exhibits good water repellency without critical delamination issues even during mechanical deformation, such as bending and stretching tests. Flexible organic phototransistors with the transparent superhydrophobic layer show a self‐cleaning ability against harmful contaminants on the topmost surface, achieved by dropping water droplets. This work can provide a feasible solution to maintaining transparent and flexible organic devices with improved environmental reliability.
Tandem‐Mass‐Tag Based Proteomic Analysis Facilitates Analyzing Critical Factors of Porous Silicon Nanoparticles in Determining Their Biological Responses under Diseased Condition
Authors: Li Yunzhan , Liu Zehua , Li Li , Lian Wenhua , He Yaohui , Khalil Elbadry , Mäkilä Ermei , Zhang Wenzhong , Torrieri Giulia , Liu Xueyan , Su Jingyi , Xiu Yuanming , Fontana Flavia , Salonen Jarno , Hirvonen Jouni , Liu Wen , Zhang Hongbo , Santos Hélder A. , Deng Xianming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe analysis of nanoparticles’ biocompatibility and immunogenicity is mostly performed under a healthy condition. However, more clinically relevant evaluation conducted under pathological condition is less known. Here, the immunogenicity and bio–nano interactions of porous silicon nanoparticles (PSi NPs) are evaluated in an acute liver inflammation mice model. Interestingly, a new mechanism in which PSi NPs can remit the hepatocellular damage and inflammation activation in a surface dependent manner through protein corona formation, which perturbs the inflammation by capturing the pro‐inflammatory signaling proteins that are inordinately excreted or exposed under pathological condition, is found. This signal sequestration further attenuates the nuclear factor κB pathway activation and cytokines production from macrophages. Hence, the study proposes a potential mechanism for elucidating the altered immunogenicity of nanomaterials under pathological conditions, which might further offer insights to establish harmonized standards for assessing the biosafety of biomaterials in a disease‐specific or personalized manner.
Quasi‐2D Growth of Aluminum Nitride Film on Graphene for Boosting Deep Ultraviolet Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chang Hongliang , Chen Zhaolong , Liu Bingyao , Yang Shenyuan , Liang Dongdong , Dou Zhipeng , Zhang Yonghui , Yan Jianchang , Liu Zhiqiang , Zhang Zihui , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin , Liu Zhongfan , Gao Peng , Wei Tongbo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEfficient and low‐cost production of high‐quality aluminum nitride (AlN) films during heteroepitaxy is the key for the development of deep ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes (DUV‐LEDs). Here, the quasi‐2D growth of high‐quality AlN film with low strain and low dislocation density on graphene (Gr) is presented and a high‐performance 272 nm DUV‐LED is demonstrated. Guided by first‐principles calculations, it is found that AlN grown on Gr prefers lateral growth both energetically and kinetically, thereby resulting in a Gr‐driven quasi‐2D growth mode. The strong lateral growth mode enables most of dislocations to annihilate each other at the AlN/Gr interface, and therefore the AlN epilayer can quickly coalesce and flatten the nanopatterned sapphire substrate. Based on the high quality and low strain of AlN film grown on Gr, the as‐fabricated 272 nm DUV‐LED shows a 22% enhancement of output power than that with low‐temperature AlN buffer, following a negligible wavelength shift under high current. This facile strategy opens a pathway to drastically improve the performance of DUV‐LEDs.
Solidifying Cathode–Electrolyte Interface for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Wen‐Peng , Zhang Juan , Chou Jia , Yin Ya‐Xia , You Ya , Xin Sen , Guo Yu‐Guo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, with their distinct advantages in energy output, cost, and environmental benignancy, have been recognized as one of the most promising candidates for near‐future energy storage markets. However, the energy storage technology based on Li–S systems, even at the single cell level, is far from commercialization. The implementation of the technology is hindered by unstable electrochemistry at the electrode–electrolyte interface, especially the cathode–electrolyte interface. In cases where the cathode builds a solid–liquid interface with the electrolyte, strong interactions between discharge intermediates of S and solvent molecules of the liquid electrolyte lead to continuous loss of active S species from the cathode to the anode through an electrochemical shuttle process, and hampers the cycling performance of the battery. By solidifying the cathode–liquid interface, the polysulfide–solvent interaction is expected to be alleviated and the Li–S electrochemistry improved. In this Progress Report, the strategies to build a solidified cathode–electrolyte interface in liquid, quasi‐solid‐state and all‐solid‐state Li–S systems are summarized, and the fundamentals of charge transfer and chemical evolutions at the interface are discussed. With these discussions, the rational interfacial design of Li–S batteries is elucidated, toward optimal storage performance and operational durability.
Electrospinning‐Based Strategies for Battery Materials
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Chen Weichen , Qian Qingrong , Huang Haitao , Chen Yuming , Wang Ziqiang , Chen Qinghua , Yang Jing , Li Ju , Mai Yiu‐Wing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectrospinning is a popular technique to prepare 1D tubular/fibrous nanomaterials that assemble into 2D/3D architectures. When combined with other material processing techniques such as chemical vapor deposition and hydrothermal treatment, electrospinning enables powerful synthesis strategies that can tailor structural and compositional features of energy storage materials. Herein, a simple description is given of the basic electrospinning technique and its combination with other synthetic approaches. Then its employment in the preparation of frameworks and scaffolds with various functions is introduced, e.g., a graphitic tubular network to enhance the electronic conductivity and structural integrity of the electrodes. Current developments in 3D scaffold structures as a host for Li metal anodes, sulfur cathodes, membrane separators, or as a 3D matrix for polymeric solid‐state electrolytes for rechargeable batteries are presented. The use of 1D electrospun nanomaterials as a nanoreactor for in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of the mechanisms of materials synthesis and electrochemical reactions is summarized, which has gained popularity due to easy mechanical manipulation, electron transparency, electronic conductivity, and the easy prepositioning of complex chemical ingredients by liquid‐solution processing. Finally, an outlook on industrial production and future challenges for energy storage materials is given.
Relationships Between Na+ Distribution, Concerted Migration, and Diffusion Properties in Rhombohedral NASICON
Authors: Zou Zheyi , Ma Nan , Wang Aiping , Ran Yunbing , Song Tao , Jiao Yao , Liu Jinping , Zhou Hang , Shi Wei , He Bing , Wang Da , Li Yajie , Avdeev Maxim , Shi Siqi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRhombohedral NaZr2(PO4)3 is the prototype of all the NASICON‐type materials. The ionic diffusion in these rhombohedral NASICON materials is highly influenced by the ionic migration channels and the bottlenecks in the channels which have been extensively studied. However, no consensus is reached as to which one is the preferential ionic migration channel. Moreover, the relationships between the Na+ distribution over the multiple available sites, concerted migration, and diffusion properties remain elusive. Using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, here it is shown that the Na+ ions tend to migrate through the Na1–Na3–Na2–Na3–Na1 channels rather than through the Na2–Na3–Na3–Na2 channels. There are two types of concerted migration mechanisms: two Na+ ions located at the adjacent Na1 and Na2 sites can migrate either in the same direction or at an angle. Both mechanisms exhibit relatively low migration barriers owing to the potential energy conversion during the Na+ ions migration process. Redistribution of Na+ ions from the most stable Na1 sites to Na2 on increasing Na+ total content further facilitates the concerted migration and promotes the Na+ ion mobility. The work establishes a connection between the Na+ concentration in rhombohedral NASICON materials and their diffusion properties.
Generating experimental designs for estimation of genetically related treatment effects using SAS
Authors: Piepho Hans‐Peter , Vo‐Thanh Nha , Tobias Randy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlant breeding programs increasingly make use of markers for genomic selection. This raises the need to optimize experimental designs for phenotyping based on linear mixed models with random treatment effects correlated by pedigree or realized kinship. This paper illustrates how the general‐purpose design procedure OPTEX of the SAS System can be used for this. One simple example is used to demonstrate the basic usage of the package for an incomplete block design, whereas a second example serves to show how an experiment with a more complex blocking structure can be designed.
Long‐term fertilization effects on crop yield and desalinized soil properties
Authors: Li Xiaoguang , liu Xiuping , Liu Xiaojing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe effects of long‐term fertilization on crop yield and soil property in maize (Zea maysL.)–wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) rotation of desalinized soils are limited. A long‐term fertilization experiment was established in 1996 to compare the impact of single and mixed mineral (NPK), and manure fertilization on crop yields and soil properties. The long‐term application of manure (OF) and N fertilizer significantly increased crop yields by the 129 and 42% of yield increase, respectively, over other chemical fertilizer application. Nitrogen fertilizer increased soil surface nitrate nitrogen (NO3−–N) while not affecting soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+–N). Organic fertilizer significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC, increased 68.7%), available phosphorus (AP, 97.4%), and available potassium (AK, 68.5%) compared with chemical fertilizer application. Inorganic fertilizer application has less impact on microbial community composition than manure. A complete NPK plus manure fertilization program is recommended for desalinized soils around the Bohai Sea to maximize crop yields and improve soil fertility.
An Arduino based automatic pressure evaluation system to quantify growth of non‐model anaerobes in culture
Authors: Wilken St. Elmo , Leggieri Patrick A. , Kerdman‐Andrade Corey , Reilly Matthew , Theodorou Michael K. , O'Malley Michelle A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMeasuring the growth rate of non‐model anaerobic microbes typically requires the use of time‐consuming and often destructive manual measurements. Here, an Arduino based automatic pressure evaluation system (A‐APES) was developed to automatically measure the rate of fermentation gas production as a proxy for microbial growth in anaerobic systems. The A‐APES system measures accumulated gas pressure in sealed cultures accurately at high‐resolution, while venting the system at programmed intervals to prevent over pressurization. The utility of A‐APES is demonstrated in this study by quantifying the growth rate and phases of a biomass‐degrading anaerobic gut fungus, which cannot be otherwise measured via conventional techniques due to its association with particulate substrates. Given the utility of the A‐APES approach, we provide a complete construction guide to fabricate the device, which is three times less expensive compared to existing commercial alternatives.
A paleoepidemiological approach to the osteological paradox: Investigating stress, frailty and resilience through cribra orbitalia
Authors: McFadden Clare , Oxenham Marc F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe Osteological Paradox posits that skeletal lesions may differentially be interpreted as representing resilience or frailty. However, specific consideration of the etiologies and demographic distributions of individual skeletal indicators can inform the criteria on which to differentiate stress, frailty, and resilience. Adopting a life history approach and adaptive plasticity model, this study proposes a framework for the analysis and interpretation of a commonly reported skeletal lesion, cribra orbitalia, which considers the underlying mechanisms of the condition, the clinical and epidemiological literature relating to anemia and malnutrition, and the bioarcheological evidence.Materials and methodsData were extracted from the European (n= 33 populations) and American (n= 19 populations) modules of the Global History of Health Project. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were applied, where time was the age‐at‐death, and the factor or covariate was presence or absence of cribra orbitalia.ResultsOf 37 samples that produced significant results, 21 demonstrated a change in relationship when the subadults were excluded from analysis. When subadults were included, individuals with cribra orbitalia present had statistically significant lower survival time. With subadults excluded, the relationship either became nonsignificant or was reversed.DiscussionWe demonstrate that in many cases the inclusion of subadults in analysis impacts upon the apparent mortality associated with cribra orbitalia. Examining cribra orbitalia in children and adults has two separate goals: in children, to determine the prevalence and risk of death associated with active lesions and stress; and in adults, to determine whether childhood health assaults that cause cribra orbitalia are associated with frailty or resilience.
Prehospital and in‐hospital quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) scores to predict in‐hospital mortality among trauma patients: an analysis of nationwide registry data
Authors: Miyamoto Kyohei , Shibata Naoaki , Ogawa Atsuhiro , Nakashima Tsuyoshi , Kato Seiya 
Published: June 2020

AimThe quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score can be used to predict in‐hospital mortality in trauma patients. We sought to determine whether repeatedly calculating the qSOFA score improves its discriminative ability in predicting in‐hospital mortality in trauma patients.MethodsWe undertook a multicenter retrospective study, analyzing 90,974 trauma patients registered in the Japan Trauma Data Bank (a nationwide trauma registry) from 2004 to 2017. Patients included were ≥18 years old and transferred directly to hospitals from their respective scenes of injury. We calculated the qSOFA score at two time points: at the scene (prehospital qSOFA score) and on arrival at the hospital (hospital qSOFA score). We evaluated the discriminative ability of repeated calculations of the qSOFA score. The primary outcome in consideration was in‐hospital mortality.ResultsIn‐hospital mortality occurred in 5604 patients (6.2%). The predictive accuracy of the hospital qSOFA score was higher than that of the prehospital qSOFA (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUROC] 0.74 vs. 0.69, P < 0.0001) in predicting in‐hospital mortality. However, the mean qSOFA score had the highest predictive accuracy (AUROC 0.76, P < 0.0001). If the hospital qSOFA score was increased compared to the prehospital score, this indicated an approximately 2‐fold to 4‐fold increase in in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsRepeated calculations of qSOFA score improved its ability to predict in‐hospital mortality in trauma patients. Specifically, we should consider an increasing qSOFA score as a “red flag” to clinicians in the emergency department.
Prenatal alcohol exposure induced congenital heart diseases: From bench to bedside
Authors: Chen Zhiyan , Li Sheng , Guo Linghong , Peng Xu , Liu Yin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlcohol consumption is increasing worldwide. Many child‐bearing‐aged women consume alcohol during pregnancy, intentionally or unintentionally, thereby increasing the potential risk for severe congenital diseases. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect worldwide and can result from both hereditary and acquired factors. Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is considered a key factor that leads to teratogenesis in CHD and its specific phenotypes, especially defects of the cardiac septa, cardiac valves, cardiac canals, and great arteries, adjacent to the chambers, both in animal experiments and clinical retrospective studies. The mechanisms underlying CHD and its phenotypes caused by PAE are associated with changes in retinoic acid biosynthesis and its signaling pathway, apoptosis and defective function of cardiac neural crest cells, disturbance of the Wntβ‐catenin signaling pathway, suppression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, and other epigenetic mechanisms. Drug supplements and early diagnosis can help prevent PAE from inducing CHDs.
Quantitative determination of potential genotoxic impurity 3‐aminopyridine in linagliptin active pharmaceutical ingredient using HILIC–UV
Authors: Al‐Sabti Bashar , Harbali Jehad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to develop an analytical method to determine the quantity of the impurity 3‐aminopyridine (3AP). 3‐Aminopyridine is a reactive reagent in the synthesis of linagliptin. The method was sensitive at level of 30.0 ppm of 3AP relative to linagliptin. The analysis was carried out using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. The analytical column was Tracer Extrasil Silica (150 × 4.0 mm, 3 μm). A mobile phase of water–acetonitrile (10:90, v/v) containing 10.0 mM ammonium acetate was prepared and adjusted to pH 6.0. A UV detector was used to detect the amount of 3AP at a wavelength of 298 nm. Validation of the method was performed as per the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use in terms of detection limit, quantitation limit, linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and robustness. The calibration curve was linear (r2 = 0.999) for 3AP concentration in the range of 30.0–450.0 ppm. This method showed a good sensitivity with a detection limit and a quantitation limit of 7.5 and 25.0 ppm, respectively.