bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Sensitivity Analysis of Two Mesoscale Models: COAMPS and WRF
Authors: Marzban Caren , Tardif Robert , Sandgathe Scott 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA sensitivity analysis methodology recently developed by the authors is applied to COAMPS and WRF. The method involves varying model parameters according to Latin Hypercube Sampling, and developing multivariate multiple regression models that map the model parameters to forecasts over a spatial domain. The regression coefficients and p values testing whether the coefficients are zero serve as measures of sensitivity of forecasts with respect to model parameters. Nine model parameters are selected from COAMPS and WRF, and their impact is examined on nine forecast quantities (water vapor, convective and gridscale precipitation, and air temperature and wind speed at three altitudes). Although the conclusions depend on the model parameters and specific forecast quantities, it is shown that sensitivity to model parameters is often accompanied by nontrivial spatial structure, which itself depends on the underlying forecast model (i.e., COAMPS vs WRF). One specific difference between these models is in their sensitivity with respect to a parameter that controls temperature increments in the Kain–Fritsch trigger function; whereas this parameter has a distinct spatial structure in COAMPS, that structure is completely absent in WRF. The differences between COAMPS and WRF also extend to the quality of the statistical models used to assess sensitivity; specifically, the differences are largest over the waters off the southeastern coast of the United States. The implication of these findings is twofold: not only is the spatial structure of sensitivities different between COAMPS and WRF, the underlying relationship between the model parameters and the forecasts is also different between the two models.
Cenobamate: A New Adjunctive Agent for Drug-Resistant Focal Onset Epilepsy
Authors: Buckley Christopher T. , Waters Olivia R. , DeMaagd George 
Published: July 2020

Objective To review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of oral cenobamate in the treatment of uncontrolled focal epilepsy. Data Sources The PubMed database and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the following terms: cenobamate, Xcopri, and YKP3089. Study Selection and Data Extraction Articles published in English between January 2000 and April 2020 related to pharmacology, safety, and clinical trials were assessed. Data Synthesis In a phase 2 trial, cenobamate reduced the median percentage change in seizure frequency from baseline by 56% compared with 22% for placebo ( P < 0.0001). In another phase 2 trial of multiple cenobamate doses, cenobamate reduced seizure frequency by 36% ( P = 0.0071) in the 100-mg group and 55% ( P < 0.0001) in both the 200- and 400-mg groups, compared to 24% with placebo. Adverse effects of cenobamate appear to be similar to those of other antiseizure medications and primarily affect the neurological system. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice In patients taking antiseizure medications who continue to have focal seizures, cenobamate has efficacy at multiple doses and is generally well tolerated. Cenobamate may be distinguished from other antiseizure medications by high rates of seizure freedom not seen in previous placebo-controlled trials, which has the potential to significantly improve quality of life. However, despite this efficacy, Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms may remain a significant concern with cenobamate. Conclusion As seen in clinical trials, cenobamate as an adjunctive, once-daily treatment represents an efficacious and generally well-tolerated therapy for patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy.
Review of Public Financing for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Sectors in Vietnam
Authors: Mai Vu Quynh , Ngoc Anh Hoang Thi , Thao Anh Hoang , Van Minh Hoang 
Published: July 2020

Background: Vietnam declared its national roadmap towards Sustainable Development Goals number 6 by 2030. However, specific supporting programmes and financial means to proceed with the roadmap have not been passed on. Evidence on the financing for water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) being allocated or spent has not been well documented in Vietnam. This study aimed to obtain an overview and assessed the public funding across the WASH sector of Vietnam in 3 fiscal years 2016, 2017, and 2018. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for information about the public financing for WASH at both national and sub-national levels. An activity-based costing approach was applied to determine WASH-related public expenditure. Fourteen focus group discussions with key stakeholders were used to identify the WASH activities and to access financial reports of these relevant institutions. TrackFin methodology was used to assemble the public financing for WASH in Vietnam. Results: The public expenditure of WASH declined by about 30.7% over the 3 fiscal years, from US $2016 million in 2016 to US $1397 million in 2018. Meanwhile, this expenditure allocated to the poor or mountainous areas increased by 3 folds. The highest proportion of WASH public funding was invested in sanitation through large network systems (59.07% of the total public expenditure), whereas the lowest was in hygiene promotion and handwashing facilities. The domestic budget was still the main source of public financing for WASH services, with 2 largest shares coming from government revenues (47.24%) and repayable loans (20.49%). Conclusion: The main source of financing for WASH was from the government, yet its public expenditure has been decreased. A refined roadmap with specific steps for a sustainable WASH financing system in Vietnam, particularly to leverage government and private sector resources, is required to ensure no one is left behind.
Multi-component communication intervention for children with autism: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hampton Lauren H , Kaiser Ann P , Fuller Elizabeth A 
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-component communication intervention on social communication for young children with autism. As many as half of children with autism are not yet talking by age 3, and up to a third of children with autism will remain minimally verbal past age 5. Spoken language outcomes are greatest when parents and clinicians are delivering language interventions to children with autism as compared to parents or clinicians alone. This study incorporates caregiver training, Discrete Trial Teaching, and JASP + EMT + SGD. A total of 68 children between ages 3 and 5 with autism, and their caregivers, participated in this study. Children were randomly assigned to the treatment or control group. Children in the treatment group received 36 sessions of the multi-component intervention in the clinic and at home. Children in both groups received a speech-generating device and the caregivers received an individualized training on how to program the speech-generating device. All participants were evaluated prior to intervention, immediately following intervention, and 4 months following intervention. Children in the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater joint attention than those in the control group immediately following intervention. Children in the intervention group, additionally, demonstrated greater social communication with their caregivers 4 months following intervention. This brief, multi-component intervention may be effective for improving social communication in young children with autism who are at risk for remaining minimally verbal. Future research is needed to understand for whom and under what conditions this intervention is most effective. Lay abstract This study reports the results of a randomized trial for preverbal preschoolers with autism that demonstrates the effects of multiple intervention strategies including caregiver training. About 50% of children with autism are not talking by age 3 and up to 30% of children with autism will remain minimally verbal past age 5. Interventions delivered by clinicians and caregivers have the greatest effects on spoken language and may reduce the rate of those who remain minimally verbal. Sixty-eight children ages 3–5 with autism and their caregivers participated in this randomized trial comparing the communication intervention to a comparison group. A brief, multi-component, communication intervention (including a speech-generating device) for children with autism that addresses core deficits may be effective in improving joint attention skills immediately following intervention and social communication skills 4 months following intervention. Future research is needed to understand for whom and under what conditions this intervention is most effective.
Susceptibility Assessment of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria to Natural Products
Authors: Mohamed Essam Hassan , Alghamdi Youssef Saeed , Mostafa Abdel-Hafez Salama , Soliman Mohamed Mohamed , Alotaibi Saad H. , Hassan Magdy Yassin , Hany Nasr Al-Deen , Amer Hamada H. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of some natural compounds against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Methods: Forty-three bacterial strains were collected. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests were carried out for natural compounds including quercetin, Acacia nilotica, Syzygium aromaticum, and Holothuria atra. Scanning electron microscope analysis and bacterial DNA apoptosis assays were performed. Results: Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to imipenim, ampicillin, and penicillin. Most Escherichia coli strains were resistant to amoxicillin, clavulanat, and ampicillin. Finally, tigecycline was effective with Klebsiella pneumoniae and was resistant to all antibiotics. Only S aromaticum had an antibacterial effect on K pneumoniae. Most S aureus strains were sensitive to S aromaticum, A nilotica, and quercetin. All examined natural extracts had no effect on E coli. Holothuria atra had no effect on any of the strains tested. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values for examined plants against S aureus were 6.25 to 12, 1.6 to 3.2, and 9.12 to 18.24 mg/mL, respectively. Syzygium aromaticum was active against K pneumoniae with an MIC of 12.5 mg/mL. Scanning electron microscope analysis performed after 24 and 48 hours of incubation showed bacterial strains with distorted shapes and severe cell wall damage. Syzygium aromaticum, quercetin, and A nilotica showed clear fragmentations of S aureus DNA. Conclusions: Current findings confirmed the beneficial effect of using natural products such as clove (S aromaticum), quercetin, and A nilotica as a promising therapy to overcome multidrug resistant bacteria.
Effectiveness of social media (Facebook), targeted mailing, and in-person solicitation for the recruitment of young adult in a diabetes self-management clinical trial
Authors: Salvy Sarah-Jeanne , Carandang Kristine , Vigen Cheryl LP , Concha-Chavez Alyssa , Sequeira Paola A , Blanchard Jeanine , Diaz Jesus , Raymond Jennifer , Pyatak Elizabeth A 
Published: July 2020

Background/Aims Research is needed to identify promising recruitment strategies to reach and engage diverse young adults in diabetes clinical research. The aim of this study was to examine the relative strengths and weaknesses of three recruitment strategies used in a diabetes self-management clinical trial: social media advertising (Facebook), targeted mailing, and in-person solicitation of clinic patients. Methods Strategies were compared in terms of (1) cost-effectiveness (i.e. cost of recruitment/number of enrolled participants), (2) ability to yield participants who would not otherwise be reached by alternative strategies, and (3) likelihood of participants recruited through each strategy to adhere to study procedures. We further explored the appeal (overall and among age and gender subgroups) of social media advertisement features. Results In-person recruitment of clinic patients was overall the most cost-effective strategy. However, differences in demographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics of participants recruited via different strategies suggest that the combination of these approaches yielded a more diverse sample than would any one strategy alone. Once successfully enrolled, there was no difference in study completion and intervention adherence between individuals recruited by the three recruitment strategies. Conclusions Ultimately, the utility of a recruitment strategy is defined by its ability to effectively attract people representative of the target population who are willing to enroll in and complete the study. Leveraging a variety of recruitment strategies appears to produce a more representative sample of young adults, including those who are less engaged in diabetes care.
Do neuroendocrine carcinomas and mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract have the same prognosis? A SEER database analysis of 12,878 cases
Authors: Shi Huiying , Qi Cuihua , Meng Lingjun , Yao Hailing , Jiang Chen , Fan Mengke , Pang Suya , Zhang Qin , Lin Rong 
Published: July 2020

Background: Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) and mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are both rare and malignant; however, it is unclear whether their prognosis is the same. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 12,878 patients with NEC or MiNEN in the GI tract were reviewed retrospectively by searching the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results ( SEER) program database. Next, we compared the characteristics and survival between patients with NEC or MiNEN and further analyzed the prognostic factors for the patients. Results: The data showed that patients with MiNEN had a worse prognosis as compared with patients with pure NEC in the small intestine (SI) and appendix, whereas there was no significant survival difference between NEC and MiNEN in the other parts of the GI system. On the whole, age ⩾55 years ( p < 0.0001), male ( p = 0.002), being diagnosed at TNM Stage II–IV ( p < 0.0001) or not receiving surgical treatment ( p < 0.0001) were the independent negative prognostic factors for NEC patients, whereas age ⩾55 years ( p = 0.003), being diagnosed at TNM Stage III–IV ( p < 0.001) or not receiving surgical treatment ( p < 0.001) were identified as the independent negative prognostic factors for the MiNEN patients. Furthermore, when NECs or MiNENs were classified based on the primary tumor site, the results showed that the prognostic factors for NEC and MiNEN varied between the tumor sites. Conclusion: The prognostic differences between NECs and MiNENs in the GI tract are heterogeneous and site-related. Patients with appendiceal or SI MiNEN have a poorer prognosis than patients with pure appendiceal or SI NEC. Therefore, we should pay more attention to patients with MiNEN in the SI and appendix and monitor them more closely.
Risk Factors for Severe Proximal Humerus Fracture and Correlation Between Deltoid Tuberosity Index and Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Kim Dong Min , Park Dongjun , Kim Hyojune , Lee Eui-Sup , Shin Myung Jin , Jeon In-Ho , Koh Kyoung Hwan 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The aims of this study were to investigate (1) whether demographic factors would be risk factors for severe proximal humerus fracture (PHF), (2) relationship of radiological parameters with bone mineral density (BMD), deltoid tuberosity index (DTI), or severe PHF, and (3) correlation between DTI and BMD. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on radiographs and medical records taken during admission or the visit to the orthopedic clinic. We reviewed consecutive 100 adult patients who were diagnosed with PHF in our hospital from March 2014 to December 2016. Three- and 4-part fractures were regarded as severe PHFs. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate risk factors for severe PHF. Also, we investigated the correlation between BMD and DTI using the additional BMD data of the patients who underwent shoulder surgeries. Results: This study included 62 nonsevere PHFs and 38 severe PHFs. There were 30 male and 70 female patients with a mean age of 66.4 ± 16.4 years. Mean T score of BMD was −2.5 ± 0.9 at the time of injury. Logistic regression analyses showed that age (odds ratio: 1.044, range: 1.011-1.079, P = .009) and sex (odds ratio of females: 3.763, range: 1.236-11.459, P = .020) were related to severe PHF. The group satisfying the radiological parameter criteria had significantly higher rates of severe PHF. The correlation coefficient (r) between DTI and T score was 0.555 ( P < .001). Discussion and Conclusion: Older age and female were the independent risk factors for severe PHF. Conversely, BMD and other medical comorbidities were not risk factors for severe PHF. Deltoid tuberosity index showed significantly high intraclass correlation coefficient and a strong correlation with the T score of BMD. Therefore, DTI may be useful for screening osteoporosis in PHF patients. Level of Evidence: Level IV, Cross-sectional study.
Administrative prevalence and incidence, characteristics and prescription patterns of patients with migraine in Germany: a retrospective claims data analysis
Authors: Roessler Tatjana , Zschocke Juergen , Roehrig Anne , Friedrichs Michael , Friedel Heiko , Katsarava Zaza 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMigraine is a frequent headache disorder with high disease burden. The aims of this study were to determine the administrative prevalence and incidence of migraine in Germany; and to elucidate disease characteristics, prescription patterns and the patient journey through the German healthcare system.MethodsIn this retrospective, observational study, adult patients with migraine (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, German modification G43) were identified in the anonymised German Company Sickness Fund database (CSFD) from 2008 through 2016. The administrative prevalence and incidence of migraine were calculated for the total CSFD study population and extrapolated to the German Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) population. Migraine subtypes, concurrent diagnoses, prescription patterns and visited healthcare professional groups were analysed.ResultsA total of 243,471 patients with migraine were identified in the CSFD (2008–2016); 78.0% were female and 45.3% were aged 35–54 years. The administrative prevalence of migraine, extrapolated to the SHI population, ranged between 2.89% in 2008 and 3.98% in 2016; administrative incidence ranged from 0.587% in 2009 to 0.267% in 2016, and varied between 0.399% and 0.442% during 2011 to 2015. Overall, 29.1% of patients received at least one prescription for any preventive medication listed in the German guideline. Only 7.9% received the same preventive medication for more than 1 year, with 82.9% of these patients discontinuing the medication before study end. Regarding acute medications, 74.2% of prescriptions were for analgesics/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and 21.2% were for triptans. General practitioners most commonly diagnosed and treated migraine in the CSFD population. Patients with prescriptions for two or more different preventive therapy classes had higher use of acute and emergency medications, and visited healthcare professionals and hospitals more frequently than patients with no prescriptions or prescriptions for only one preventive therapy class.ConclusionsThe administrative prevalence of migraine in this claims database suggests many patients with migraine did not seek medical care. Of those who did, fewer than one-third received preventive medication, with most patients having been prescribed only one such medication and few having continued treatment beyond 1 year. These outcomes suggest there is scope for improvement in migraine management in Germany.
Optical map guided genome assembly
Authors: Leinonen Miika , Salmela Leena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe long reads produced by third generation sequencing technologies have significantly boosted the results of genome assembly but still, genome-wide assemblies solely based on read data cannot be produced. Thus, for example, optical mapping data has been used to further improve genome assemblies but it has mostly been applied in a post-processing stage after contig assembly.ResultsWe proposeOpticalKermitwhich directly integrates genome wide optical maps into contig assembly. We show how genome wide optical maps can be used to localize reads on the genome and then we adapt the Kermit method, which originally incorporated genetic linkage maps to the miniasm assembler, to use this information in contig assembly. Our experimental results show that incorporating genome wide optical maps to the contig assembly of miniasm increases NGA50 while the number of misassemblies decreases or stays the same. Furthermore, when compared to the Canu assembler,OpticalKermitproduces an assembly with almost three times higher NGA50 with a lower number of misassemblies on realA. thalianareads.ConclusionsOpticalKermitsuccessfully incorporates optical mapping data directly to contig assembly of eukaryotic genomes. Our results show that this is a promising approach to improve the contiguity of genome assemblies.
Toward a more holistic method of genome assembly assessment
Authors: Thrash Adam , Hoffmann Federico , Perkins Andy 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
A key use of high throughput sequencing technology is the sequencing and assembly of full genome sequences. These genome assemblies are commonly assessed using statistics relating to contiguity of the assembly. Measures of contiguity are not strongly correlated with information about the biological completion or correctness of the assembly, and a commonly reported metric, N50, can be misleading. Over the years, multiple research groups have rejected the overuse of N50 and sought to develop more informative metrics.

Results
This paper presents a review of problems that arise from relying solely on contiguity as a measure of genome assembly quality as well as current alternative methods. Alternative methods are compared on the basis of how informative they are about the biological quality of the assembly and how easy they are to use. A comprehensive method for using multiple metrics of measuring assembly quality is presented.

Conclusions
This study aims to report on the status of assembly assessment methods and compare them, as well as to offer a comprehensive method that incorporates multiple facets of quality assessment. Weaknesses and strengths of varying methods are presented and explained, with recommendations based on speed of analysis and user friendliness.