bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ФОРМУВАННЯ СТРУКТУРИ І ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ КОМПОЗИТІВ САМОФЛЮСІВНИЙ СПЛАВ – ПЛАВЛЕНІ КАРБІДИ ВОЛЬФРАМУ ТА НІОБІЮ
Authors: Тесля С. Ю. , Степанчук А. М. , Білик І. І. 
Published: December 2019

Досліджено закономірності формування структури та властивостей композиційних покриттів системи самофлюсівний сплав (СФС) – карбіди перехідних металів, в литому стані (РЕЛІТ, карбід ніобію). Встановлено, що методом просочення можна отримати, щільні покриття, з утворенням якісного контакту компонентів, між собою та з основою. Показані основні етапи формування структури композитів. Виявлено, що при просоченні має місце розчинність тугоплавкої складової в розплаві самофлюсивного сплаву. При цьому розчинність РЕЛІТу в СФС більша ніж розчинність карбіду ніобію, що зумовлено більшою енергією на межі зерен. Розчинність збільшується зі збільшенням кривизни поверхні.
Análise do comportamento da morbimortalidade hospitalar em idosos iguaçuenses:
Authors: Gutiérrez Murillo Roberth Steven , Gamarra Carmen Justina 
Published: December 2019

Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal retrospetivo, de cunho analítico-descritivo e com abordagem quantitativa, que investigou o comportamento da morbimortalidade hospitalar do idoso iguaçuense – PR, no período de 2010 a 2018, por meio de uma consulta on-line ao Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil (DATASUS), sendo interpretadas as principais causas de morbimortalidade segundo CID – 10. Foram incluídos neste estudo registros hospitalares de indivíduos com idade igual ou superior os 60 anos, de ambos os sexos. Dentre a população estudada, destacou-se maior incidência de internação hospitalar em homens (55%), sendo 2012 o ano como mais registros de internação e, 2010 o menor. As três principais patologias que acometem ao idoso iguaçuense são, respetivamente: neoplasias (23,26%); doenças do aparelho circulatório (20,89%) e doenças do aparelho respiratório (11,96%). A maior mortalidade foi concentrada, de modo majoritário, nas seguintes patologias: doenças do aparelho respiratório (25,4%); neoplasias (22,2%) e doenças do aparelho circulatório (18%). A adoção em todo o território paranaense do Linha Guia de Saúde do Idoso em 2017 se considera um ganho para a população envelhecida, na medida em que objetiva promover a autonomia e a independência do idoso, além do reconhecimento dos direitos prescritos em Lei maior.
Palavras-chave: Foz do Iguaçu-PR; Morbimortalidade hospitalar; Saúde do idoso
TINGKAT KESUKAAN KONSUMEN DAN KUALITAS ORGANOLEPTIK PRODUK OLAHAN IKAN
Authors: Amir Nursinah , Metusalach Metusalach , Fahrul Fahrul 
Published: December 2019

Produk olahan ikan merupakan bentuk diversifikasi produk yang menggunakan ikan sebagai bahan dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesukaan konsumen dan kualitas organoleptik produk olahan ikan. Sampel produk olahan ikan meliputi bakso, abon, nugget dan otak-otak. Sampel diambil dari kelompok pengolah hasil perikanan Buyang Sejahtera dan Barokah di Kelurahan Kampung Buyang Kecamatan Mariso Kota Makassar. Tingkat kesukaan dan kualitas organoleptik ditentukan dengan menggunakan kusioner dan panelis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata panelis mengatakan sangat suka terhadap produk abon dan nugget kelompok pengolah Buyang sejahtera, sangat suka terhadap produk otak-otak Kelompok Barokah, suka terhadap produk otak-otak kelompok Buyang Sejahtera serta suka terhadap produk nugget dan bakso Kelompok Barokah.
DISTRIBUSI JUVENIL TUNA BERDASARKAN HASIL TANGKAPAN PURSE SEINE DI LAUT BANDA
Authors: Rais Mohammad , Hamka Eddy , Parisa La Ode 
Published: December 2019

Tuna merupakan salah salah satu jenis ikan ekonomis penting di Indonesia dan menjadi salah satu komoditas eksport utama sektor perikanan, sehingga diperlukan adanya pengelolaan yang terencana untuk menjamin keseimbangan antara pemanfaatan dan populasi tuna. Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Kendari sebagai pusat pendaratan ikan menunjukkan masih banyak juvenil tuna oleh (bangkumis) tertangkap khususnya pada alat tangkap purse seine. Tujuan dari penelitan ini yaitu untuk mengetahui (1) distribusi ukuran panjang menggunakan analisis distribusi frekuensi, (2) Produktivitas penangkapan juvenil tuna yang tertangkap menggunakan analisis CPUE, (3) Sebaran spasial lokasi penangkapan juvenil tuna menggunakan analisis spasial (GIS). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada januari sampai juni 2017 di laut banda dengan Fishing base Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengikuti operasi penangkapan purse seine pada 30 Titik penangkapan lalu melakukan pencatatan ukuran panjang dan berat total tagkapan juvenil tuna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran juvenil tuna yang tertangkap di laut banda memiliki rentang ukuran 22,5 cm - 55,4 cm. Produktivitas penangkapan dilihat dari nilai CPUE perbulan pada semua alat tangkap purse seine yang menangkap juvenil tuna di laut banda. CPUE tertinggi pada bulan juni dengan nilai 2728 kg per unit penangkapan dan terendah pada bulan maret dan april dengan nilai 1243 kg per unit penangkapan. Lokasi penangkapan juvenil tuna selama penelitian tersebar di wilayah Utara, tenggara dan selatan laut banda (030 LU – 060 LS, 1220 BT – 1240 BT). Penelitian ini memberi berkontribusi dalam perumusan kebijakan pengelolaan perikanan tuna di Indonesia, khususnya di Sulawesi Tenggara, sehingga stok sumberdaya ikan tuna secara jangka panjang akan terjaga yang pada akhirnya berdampak bagi keberlanjutan ekologi dan ekonomi usaha perikanan tuna. Kata kunci : GIS, CPUE, Produktivitas, PPS Kendari, Tuna
Correlation of Mobility Reduction of HPAM Solutions at High Velocity in Porous Medium with Ex-Situ Measurements of Elasticity
Authors: Jouenne Stephane , Heurteux Guillaume 
Published: December 2019

Summary
When injected at high flow rates in a porous medium, polymer solutions exhibit a resistance to flow that is a signature of chain conformation and size. For biopolymers, which exist in solution as semirigid rods, mobility reduction follows the shear-thinning behavior measured in shear flow on a rheometer. For flexible coils, such as hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), flow thickening is observed in a porous medium, whereas bulk viscosity presents a shear-thinning behavior. This difference is the result of the complex flow experienced in the porous medium, combined with the viscoelastic properties at large strains of the solutions.
In this study, we investigate the effect of physicochemical parameters such as salinity, polymer concentration, molecular weight, and degradation state on the mobility reduction in a porous medium at high flow rates. All the experiments are performed on a short-length, 4-darcy sintered ceramic core. The bell shape of the mobility-reduction curves (mobility reduction vs. flow rate) is characterized by three parameters: the onset rate of flow thickening (QC), the maximum of mobility reduction (Rmmax), and the flow rate at which this maximum occurs (Qmax). Curves are rescaled by use of the two groups, Rm/Rmmax and β×Q, where β accounts for the shift in Qmax when physicochemical conditions are varied. After rescaling, all the normalized mobility-reduction curves are superposed. We show that the two parameters Rmmax and β are not correlated with the bulk viscosity of the solutions but rather with their elasticity evaluated through screen-factor measurement. This old and rough measurement, widely used in the enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) community to evaluate “solution elasticity,” is an indirect measurement of the extensional viscosity of polymer solutions. The pertinence and the physical meaning of this rough measurement are assessed through comparison with measurements performed on a newly developed extensional viscometer [EVROC™ (Extensional Viscometer/Rheometer On a Chip), RheoSense, Inc., San Ramon, California, USA], which consists of measuring the pressure drop when the fluid is injected through a hyperbolic contraction (in which the strain rate is constant at the centerline). A correlation of “screen factor” vs. “extensional viscosity” is obtained.
These results give some insight on the behavior of polymer solutions in injectivity conditions along with a method to characterize their elastic properties from bulk measurements. Finally, the inadequacy of traditional small-strain viscoelastic measurements to characterize the elastic behavior of polymer solutions at large strain is discussed.
Moderate and deep sedation for non-invasive paediatric procedures in tertiary maternity and children’s hospitals in China: A questionnaire survey from China
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Ruidong , Huang Yue , Zhang Kan , Wat Chun Yin , Bai Jie , Zhang Mazhong , Zheng Jijian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background: Moderate and deep sedation are well-established techniques in many developed countries, and several guidelines have been published. However, they have received attention in China only in recent years. The aim of this study is to investigate current paediatric sedation practices in tertiary children’s hospitals and tertiary maternity and children hospitals in China. Methods: All tertiary children’s hospitals and tertiary maternity and children hospitals registered with the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China were invited to participate in an electronic survey, which included information on the sedation caseload, facility availability, staff structure, clinical skill requirements for sedation providers, fasting guidelines, patient-monitoring practices, and choice of sedatives. Results: Fifty-eight of the 63 hospitals that completed the survey (92.1%) provided moderate and deep sedation. Dedicated sedation rooms and post-sedation recovery rooms were found in 14 (24.1%) and 19 (32.8%) hospitals, respectively. Sedation for non-invasive procedures was primarily performed by anaesthesiologists (69.0%); however, 75.9% of the sedation providers had not received paediatric basic or advanced life-support training. Children were asked to fast from clear liquids for at least 2 hours in 44.8% of hospitals and up to 6 hours in 5.2% of hospitals; they were asked to fast from solid food/milk for at least 4 hours in 27.6% of hospitals and more than 8 hours in 1.7% of hospitals. The most commonly used sedative in all groups was chloral hydrate. For rescue, propofol was the most widely used sedative, particularly for children older than 4 years. Conclusions: Moderate and deep sedation practices vary widely in tertiary children’s hospitals and tertiary maternity and children hospitals in China. Optimised practices should be established to improve the quality of moderate and deep sedation.
The geography of evolutionary divergence in the highly endemic avifauna from the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico
Authors: Rocha-Méndez Alberto , SÁNCHEZ-GONZÁLEZ LUIS A. , GONZÁLEZ CLEMENTINA , NAVARRO-SIGÜENZA ADOLFO G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background: Mesoamerica is a remarkable region with a high geological and ecological complexity. Within northern Mesoamerica, the biotic province of the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) in southwestern Mexico harbors exceptionally high avian endemism and diversity. Herein, we searched for spatially and temporally concordant phylogeographic patterns, in four bird genera from three distinct avian orders co-distributed across Mesoamerica and investigated their causes through hypothesis testing regarding historical processes. Selected species include endemic and differentiated populations across the montane forests of Mesoamerica, and particularly within the SMS. Results: We gathered mitochondrial DNA sequences for at least one locus from 177 individuals across all species. We assessed genetic structure, demographic history, and defined a framework for the coalescent simulations used in biogeographic hypothesis testing temporal and spatial co-variance. Our analyses suggested shared phylogeographic breaks in areas corresponding to the SMS populations, and between the main montane systems in Mesoamerica, with the Central Valley of Oaxaca and the Nicaragua Depression being the most frequently shared breaks among analyzed taxa. Nevertheless, dating analyses and divergence patterns observed were consistent with the hypothesis of broad vicariance across Mesoamerica derived from mechanisms operating at distinct times across taxa in the SMS. Conclusions: Our study provides a framework for understanding the evolutionary origins and historical factors enhancing speciation in well-defined regions within Mesoamerica, indicating that the evolutionary history of extant biota inhabiting montane forests is complex and often idiosyncratic.
Health effects of nutrients and environmental pollutants in Baltic herring and salmon: a quantitative benefit-risk assessment
Authors: Tuomisto Jouni T , Asikainen Arja , Meriläinen Päivi , Haapasaari Päivi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Health risks linked with dioxin in fish remain a complex policy issue. Fatty Baltic fish contain persistent pollutants, but they are otherwise healthy food. We studied the health benefits and risks associated with Baltic herring and salmon in four countries to identify critical uncertainties and to facilitate an evidence-based discussion.
Methods
We performed an online survey investigating consumers' fish consumption and its motivation in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, and Sweden. Dioxin and methylmercury concentrations were estimated based on Finnish studies. Exposure-response functions for several health endpoints were evaluated and quantified based on the scientific literature. We also quantified the infertility risk of men based on a recent European risk assessment estimating childhood dioxin exposure and its effect on sperm concentration later in life.
Results
Baltic herring and salmon contain omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D, and the beneficial impact of these fishes on cardiovascular diseases, mortality, and the risk of depression and cancer clearly outweighs risks of dioxins and methylmercury in people older than 45 years of age and in young men. Young women may expose their children to pollutants during pregnancy and breast feeding. This study suggests that even in this critical subgroup, the risks are small and the health benefits are greater than or at least similar to the health risks. Value of information analysis demonstrated that the remaining scientific uncertainties are not large. In contrast, there are several critical uncertainties that are inherently value judgements, such as whether exceeding the tolerable weekly intake is an adverse outcome as such; and whether or not subgroup-specific restrictions are problematic.
Conclusions
The potential health risks attributable to dioxins in Baltic fish have more than halved in the past ten years. The new risk assessment issued by the European Food Safety Authority clearly increases the fraction of the population exceeding the tolerable dioxin intake, but nonetheless, quantitative estimates of net health impacts change only marginally. Increased use of small herring (which have less pollutants) is a no-regret option. A more relevant value-based policy discussion rather than research is needed to clarify official recommendations related to dioxins in fish.
Overexpression of nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase (nmnat) increases growth rate, Ca2+&nbsp;content and cellulase production in Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Wang shengli , Han jing , Xia Jiale , Hu Yanru , Shi Liang , Ren Ang , Zhu Jing , zhao mingwen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: There is an urgent need to search for new and economical ways to utilize diverse lignocellulose. Ganoderma lucidum is well-known edible medicinal fungus that has a strong ability to degrade a wide variety of cellulosic biomass and its nutrient utilization is closely related to extracellular cellulase. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a nutritional sensor molecule, can respond to nutritional states and regulate cellular metabolism. Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase (nmnat) is the key enzyme that catalyses the biosynthesis of NAD+.Result: In this study, a homologue of the gene encoding nmnat was cloned from G. lucidum. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation (ATMT) method was used to construct the two overexpression strains OE:: nmnat4 and OE:: nmnat19 in G. lucidum. In the overexpression strains, the transcript levels of the nmnat gene and the NAD+ content were significantly increased. Gl nmnat overexpression strains showed dramatically stronger colony growth on different carbon sources, and the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration increased 3.95-fold and 2.10-fold in OE:: nmnat4 and OE:: nmnat19 , respectively, compared with WT strains. The CMCase activity increased by approximately 2.8-fold and 3-fold, and p NPGase activity increased by approximately 1.9-fold and 2.1-fold in OE:: nmnat4 and OE:: nmnat19 strains compared with the WT strains, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that NAD+ might induce cellulase production by regulating cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration.Conclusions: Taken together, our results revealed for the first time that NAD + could stimulate cellulase production and demonstrated that NAD + could increase the transcript levels of cellulase genes via the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in G. lucidum. This research also provides a theoretical basis for conducting cellulase-related work on other basidiomycetes.
Examining Notions of Uncertainty in the Healthcare Setting: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Meawad Veronica , Fraenkel Liana 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Shared decision-making relies on the premise that individuals are well-informed regarding the benefits and harms of all available treatment options before coming to a decision regarding their healthcare. There is often significant aleatory and epistemic uncertainty associated with proposed risks and benefits, but prior studies have demonstrated that uncertainty is rarely communicated in provider-patient interactions. Additionally, there has been conflicting evidence regarding the use of visual aids as a method to improve understanding of uncertainty.Methods: We conducted a qualitative, think-aloud study to examine how individuals understand uncertainty as it relates to the probability of medication risks and benefits. We used a within-subjects design and presented individuals with two hypothetical medications after which they received either no additional information, an icon array, or a spinner. We performed individual in-depth interviews following a semi-structured interview guide. Transcripts were analyzed using the constant comparative method of grounded theory.Results: We reached thematic saturation after 20 patient interviews. The participants’ mean (SD) age was 64.6 (18); 60% male, 84% were non-Hispanic Whites, 10% Blacks, and 60% had a college education or higher. Several themes regarding difficulties understanding uncertainty emerged: 1) Rejection of uncertainty; 2) Failure to distinguish between epistemic and aleatory uncertainty; 3) Difficulty distinguishing between different magnitudes of probabilities; 5) Reduction of uncertainty by manipulation of the scenario to eliminate choices. The use of visual aids did not appear to facilitate understanding of uncertainty in most cases.Conclusions: Providers must understand whether and how patients interpret probabilistic information in order to best communicate with them in the healthcare setting. Features such as “talk-back” should be used to ensure reasonable understanding of uncertainty during shared decision-making encounters.
Integrating Protein-Protein Interaction Information into Drug Response Prediction by Graph Neural Encoding
Authors: Xie Yuan , Peng Jian , Zhou Yuan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Predicting tumor cells' reactions to medical treatments has enormous significance for both medical and clinical studies. Many machine learning approaches have been previously applied to predict the effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs by analyzing genomic profiles. However, most of the current methods neglect the fact that proteins rarely act alone and often team up as "molecular machines" characterized by intricate dynamic connections to perform biological functions. Other studies indicate that subnetworks of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks could be crucial for the development of cancer and could be used as new therapeutic targets. Recent advances in graphical representation learning inspired by deep neural networks have provided a potential solution to include PPI information into drug response prediction to improve performance.

We present a graph neural network (GNN) based approach, GNNDR, to incorporate PPI information into drug sensitivity prediction based on genomic profiles. By communicating information among neighborhoods on the PPI network, our model fuses genomic features into a structural PPI graph which encodes information relevant to drug responses. We compare our approach with state-of-the-art baselines on three publicly available datasets which include both genomic features and drug responses of cell lines and Patient Derived Xenografts (PDX). We investigate the impact of different types of interactions as well as the effectiveness of different graph pooling strategies. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of our model over the baselines. In particular, on the NIBR-PDXE dataset, our model outperforms the baselines in 21 out of 26 cancer-treatment pairs and achieves a MSE of 1.46 on the CCLE-GDSC dataset and a MSE of 0.11 on the NCI-ALMANAC dataset. In addition, our model provides substantial model interpretability in terms of gene similarity and gene importance via the graph pooling procedures.

We propose GNNDR, a GNN based approach which not only possesses the large learning capacity, but provides a solution to combine PPI information with genomic features for drug response prediction. Empirical evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of adding protein information. Our approach, as far as we know, the first GNN based model for drug response prediction, provides a promising perspective for the identification of anti-cancer therapies.
Conspecific pheromone extracts enhance entomopathogenic infectivity
Authors: Shapiro-Ilan David I. , Kaplan Fatma , Oliveira-Hofman Camila , Schliekelman Paul , Alborn Hans T. , Lewis Edwin E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) provide economic control of various insect pests. However, field efficacy can be inconsistent. The ability of a nematode to find and infect (invade) a host insect is critical to successful pathogenesis. Thus, behaviors including dispersal and infectivity play important roles in improving efficacy. Previously, we discovered that EPN-infected host substances enhance nematode dispersal. Later we found that a mixture of pheromones in the infected host induced dispersal and improved EPN efficacy. In this study, we determined if dispersal-inducing pheromone extracts also increase nematode infectivity (the propensity to invade a host insect). Two nematode species, Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema feltiae, and two insect hosts, Galleria mellonella and Diaprepes abbreviatus, were tested. We discovered that conspecific dispersal pheromone extracts of each EPN species enhanced infectivity. These results indicate that the utility of dispersal pheromone extracts for enhancing EPN activity and biocontrol efficacy is improved not only due to increased nematode movement, but also due to increased host infection.