bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure Measurements on Yacht Sails: Development of a New System For Wind Tunnel and Full Scale Testing
Authors: Fossati Fabio , Bayati Ilmas , Muggiasca Sara , Vandone Ambra , Campanardi Gabriele , Burch Thomas , Malandra Michele 
Published: June 2020

The paper presents an overview of a joint project including Politecnico di Milano, CSEM and North Sails, aiming at developing a new sail pressure measurement system based on MEMS sensors (an excellent compromise between size, performance, costs and operational conditions) and pressure strips and pads technology. These devices were designed and produced to give differential measurement between the leeward and windward side of the sails. The research has been developed for the final employment on the Lecco Innovation Hub Sailing Yacht Lab, a 10 m length sailing dynamometer which aims at being the reference contemporary full scale measurement device in the sailing yacht engineering research field, to enhance the insight of sail steady and unsteady aerodynamics.
The pressure system is described in details, the data acquisition process and system metrological validation are reported; furthermore, some results obtained during a wind tunnel campaign carried out at Politecnico di Milano Wind Tunnel, as a benchmark of the whole measuring system for future full scale application, are reported and discussed in details.
Moreover, the system configuration for full scale testing, which is being finalized at the time of this paper, is also described
Identification of prognostic risk factors for pancreatic cancer using bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Jin Dandan , Jiao Yujie , Ji Jie , Jiang Wei , Ni Wenkai , Wu Yingcheng , Ni Runzhou , Lu Cuihua , Qu Lishuai , Ni Hongbing , Liu Jinxia , Xu Weisong , Xiao MingBing 
Published: June 2020

Background
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. Currently, the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer remains unclear; thus, it is necessary to explore its precise molecular mechanisms.

Methods
To identify candidate genes involved in the tumorigenesis and proliferation of pancreatic cancer, the microarray datasets GSE32676, GSE15471 and GSE71989 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and nonmalignant samples were screened by GEO2R. The Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tool was used to obtain a synthetic set of functional annotation information for the DEGs. A PPI network of the DEGs was established using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database, and a combination of more than 0.4 was considered statistically significant for the PPI. Subsequently, we visualized the PPI network using Cytoscape. Functional module analysis was then performed using Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE). Genes with a degree ≥10 were chosen as hub genes, and pathways of the hub genes were visualized using ClueGO and CluePedia. Additionally, GenCLiP 2.0 was used to explore interactions of hub genes. The Literature Mining Gene Networks module was applied to explore the cocitation of hub genes. The Cytoscape plugin iRegulon was employed to analyze transcription factors regulating the hub genes. Furthermore, the expression levels of the 13 hub genes in pancreatic cancer tissues and normal samples were validated using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) platform. Moreover, overall survival and disease-free survival analyses according to the expression of hub genes were performed using Kaplan-Meier curve analysis in the cBioPortal online platform. The relationship between expression level and tumor grade was analyzed using the online database Oncomine. Lastly, the eight snap-frozen tumorous and adjacent noncancerous adjacent tissues of pancreatic cancer patients used to detect the CDK1 and CEP55 protein levels by western blot.

Conclusions
Altogether, the DEGs and hub genes identified in this work can help uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer and provide potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
A Retrospective Study of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections of Tamatave University Hospital Center, Madagascar
Authors: Ratsimbazafy Arthur Bien Aimé , Andrianarivelo Andry Maharo , Rakotomahefa Narison Mbolanirina Lala , Rakotoarisoa Heriniaina , Anissa Van Cuong Miora , Rasolonjatovo Jean De La Croix , Rabesandratana Norotiana 
Published: June 2020

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is very common in children. The future of kidney function depends on its management.
Our objective was to investigate the epidemio-clinical, bacteriological and therapeutic profile of UTIsin the Pediatric Department of Tamatave University Hospital Center, Madagascar for better care of children.
Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study that was carried out in the Pediatrics Department of Tamatave University Hospital over a three-year period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. The parameters retained and studied were age, gender, clinical signs, pathogens identified with the results of the antibiotic susceptibility tests and the treatments received.
Results: The frequency of UTI was 7.46%. The average age was 11.21 months, with extremes of 2 to 120 months. Fever was the main symptom found (80.95%) followed by urinary signs. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated bacteria (61.90%). Almost all of the isolates found (98%) were resistant to amoxicillin, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. Ceftriaxone alone was the most used (44.44%).
Discussion: This study suggests that gentamicin and ceftriaxone (even though ESBLs were found) should be included in the treatment protocol for UTIs in the absence of an antibiogram, which is not always available in our context.
Occurrence and Determination of Tropane Alkaloids in Food and Feed
Authors: Gonçalves Carlos , Dernovics Mihaly , Moreno‐Gonzalez David , Bouten Katrien , Garcia‐Reyes Juan F. , Stroka Joerg 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe determination of tropane alkaloids (TAs) in food and feed is gaining importance after the detection of mainly atropine and scopolamine in cereal and tea/herbal infusion samples at levels that may represent a risk to human health, in particular for infants and young children. Relevant legislation was published in the European Union (EU) recently.This article aims at presenting the most recent developments in the sample preparation and analytical determination of this group of substances in food and feed. Considerations about related matrices are also included with the purpose of gaining insight into other alternative and advanced analytical approaches.A review of the occurrence and levels of TAs in food and feed until 2019 covering EU‐wide surveys, data archived in the official notifications repository and the scientific literature is carried out as well, since such data are needed for any risk assessment.
Chaos/Complexity Theory for Second Language Acquisition/Development
Authors: Larsen‐Freeman Diane 
Published: June 2020

Chaos/complexity theory (C/CT) is a transdisciplinary systems theory that deals fundamentally with change. Although it originated in the physical sciences and mathematics, it has been widely used in the social sciences and humanities. In essence, it is a poststructural metatheory with its own ontology and epistemology.Complex systems are dynamic, nonlinear, open, interconnected with the environment, and comprised of many components. As the components interact, new unanticipated patterns emerge. As applied to second language acquisition, the metaphor of a developmental ladder becomes inadequate to explain the progress, regress, and the multidimensionality of SLA from a target language perspective. A better metaphor is that of a web of language resources, continually being constructed by language learners.As learners interact, they soft‐assemble their language resources, dynamically adapting them to a specific context. Thus, it follows that each learner's developmental trajectory is unique, sculpted by the learner's prior experience, including other languages that they know, the (social) ambient language to which they are exposed, and the application of particular domain general mechanisms, such as inferencing, pattern perception, categorization, and memory. Performance variability makes it clear that second language acquisition is not a process of conformity to uniformity.A usage‐based or emergentist view of language acquisition aligns well with C/CT, where frequency, contingency, and salience of constructions in the ambient language focus learners' intention and attention on particular patterns and facilitate their acquisition. New research methods are being developed, and findings from them attest to the value of examining SLA from a C/CT perspective.
Gas Diffusion Strategy for Inserting Atomic Iron Sites into Graphitized Carbon Supports for Unusually High‐Efficient CO2 Electroreduction and High‐Performance Zn–CO2 Batteries
Authors: Wang Tingting , Sang Xiahan , Zheng Wanzhen , Yang Bin , Yao Siyu , Lei Chaojun , Li Zhongjian , He Qinggang , Lu Jianguo , Lei Lecheng , Dai Liming , Hou Yang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEmerging single‐atom catalysts (SACs) hold great promise for CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER), but the design of highly active and cost‐efficient SACs is still challenging. Herein, a gas diffusion strategy, along with one‐step thermal activation, for fabricating N‐doped porous carbon polyhedrons with trace isolated Fe atoms (Fe1NC) is developed. The optimized Fe1NC/S1‐1000 with atomic Fe‐N3 sites supported by N‐doped graphitic carbons exhibits superior CO2ER performance with the CO Faradaic efficiency up to 96% at −0.5 V, turnover frequency of 2225 h−1, and outstanding stability, outperforming almost all previously reported SACs based on N‐doped carbon supported nonprecious metals. The observed excellent CO2ER performance is attributed to the greatly enhanced accessibility and intrinsic activity of active centers due to the increased electrochemical surface area through size modulation and the redistribution of doped N species by thermal activation. Experimental observations and theoretical calculations reveal that the Fe‐N3 sites possess balanced adsorption energies of *COOH and *CO intermediates, facilitating CO formation. A universal gas diffusion strategy is used to exclusively yield a series of dimension‐controlled carbon‐supported SACs with single Fe atoms while a rechargeable Zn–CO2 battery with Fe1NC/S1‐1000 as cathode is developed to deliver a maximal power density of 0.6 mW cm−2.
Coupling a Crystal Graph Multilayer Descriptor to Active Learning for Rapid Discovery of 2D Ferromagnetic Semiconductors/Half‐Metals/Metals
Authors: Lu Shuaihua , Zhou Qionghua , Guo Yilv , Zhang Yehui , Wu Yilei , Wang Jinlan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract2D ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductors/half‐metals/metals are the key materials toward next‐generation spintronic devices. However, such materials are still rather rare and the material search space is too large to explore exhaustively. Here, an adaptive framework to accelerate the discovery of 2D intrinsic FM materials is developed, by combining advanced machine‐learning (ML) techniques with high‐throughput density functional theory calculations. Successfully, about 90 intrinsic FM materials with desirable bandgap and excellent thermodynamic stability are screened out and a database containing 1459 2D magnetic materials is set up. To improve the performance of ML models on small‐scale datasets like diverse 2D materials, a crystal graph multilayer descriptor using the elemental property is proposed, with which ML models achieve prediction accuracy over 90% on thermodynamic stability, magnetism, and bandgap. This study not only provides dozens of compelling FM candidates for future spintronics, but also paves a feasible route for ML‐based rapid screening of diverse structures and/or complex properties.
Ultradurable Superhydrophobic Natural Rubber‐Based Elastomer Enabled by Modified Multiscale Leather Collagen Fibers
Authors: Li Shuangyang , Wang Yaping , Xu Shuangfeng , Xiang Zongwei , Xu Weixing , Shi Bi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSuperhydrophobicity is vital to natural rubber‐based materials and can endow materials with intriguing features, such as self‐cleaning. Normally, low surface energy and surfacial micro/nanostructure are the two premises of superhydrophobicity. However, the fragility of micro/nanostructures in natural rubber (NR) composite surfaces makes the maintenance of durable superhydrophobicity under external forces difficult. Thus, the application of NR composite elastomers is limited in industrial fields. In this work, a novel NR‐based elastomer is prepared by uniquely dispersing perfluorooctytriethoxysilane‐modified leather collagen fibers (M‐LCF) with multiscale structures into rubber matrix. The as‐prepared NR composite with 40% M‐LCF content displays excellent superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 156°, and the endowed superhydrophobicity is ultradurable and can be retained after 2000 cycles of mechanical abrasion under a pressure of 100 kPa. Moreover, the prepared material features superior self‐cleaning performance and mechanical properties. The reported work may serve as a basic for fabricating materials with durable superhydrophobicity.
Self‐Healable Capacitive Photodetectors with Stretchability Based on Composite of ZnS:Cu Particles and Reversibly Crosslinkable Silicone Elastomer
Authors: Choi Su Bin , Lee Chan‐Jae , Han Chul Jong , Kang Jae‐Wook , Lee Cheul‐Ro , Kim Jong‐Woong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent studies are actively contributing to the implementation of the use of five human senses in electronic skins. In order to achieve this, it is critical to develop sensors with the ability to heal after being subjected to stretching or damage; this should be achieved without any significant deterioration in performance, as is possible for human skin. This study investigates the potential for producing stretchable, cuttable, and healable photodetectors. To this end, a reversibly cross‐linkable silicone polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (rcPDMS), is synthesized via a Diels–Alder reaction; subsequently, ZnS:Cu particles are dispersed therein to form a composite film. Ag nanowires (AgNWs) are formed on both the surfaces of the film to realize a three‐layer sandwich structured capacitor, namely: AgNWs/ZnS:Cu‐rcPDMS/AgNWs. Light irradiation of the film induces the photodielectric effect in ZnS:Cu particles and the dielectric response of photoinduced dipole moments composed of localized photoactive carriers results in a change in the capacitance of the film. Based on this, a photodetector is developed that is stretchable, healable, and demonstrates no reduction in the device performance even before and after cutting as well as healing.
Large‐Area Uniform Polymer Transistor Arrays on Flexible Substrates: Towards High‐Throughput Sensor Fabrication
Authors: Zeidell Andrew M. , Filston David S. , Waldrip Matthew , Iqbal Hamna F. , Chen Hu , McCulloch Iain , Jurchescu Oana D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSolution‐processable organic semiconductors can serve as the basis for new products including rollable displays, tattoo‐like smart bandages for real‐time health monitoring, and conformable electronics integrated into clothing or even implanted in the human body. For such exciting commercial applications to become a reality, good device performance and uniformity over large areas are necessary. The design of new materials has progressed at an astonishing pace, but accessing their intrinsic, efficient electrical properties in large‐area flexible device arrays is difficult. The development of protocols that allow integration with industrial‐scale processing for high‐throughput manufacturing, without the need to compromise on performance, is the key for transitioning these materials to real‐life applications. In this work, large‐area arrays of organic thin‐film transistors obtained by spray‐coating the high‐mobility polymer indacenodithiophene‐co‐benzothiadiazole (IDTBT) are demonstrated. A maximum charge carrier mobility of 2.3 cm2 V−1 s−1, with a very narrow performance distribution, is obtained over surface areas of 10 cm × 10 cm. The devices retain their electrical properties when bent multiple times and at different curvatures. In addition, large arrays of highly sensitive (0.25% change in mobility for 1% humidity variation), reusable, near‐identical humidity sensors are produced in a one‐step fabrication and calibrated from 0% to 94% relative humidity.
A New Near‐Infrared Long Persistent Luminescence Material with Its Outstanding Persistent Luminescence Performance and Promising Multifunctional Application Prospects
Authors: Ding Songsong , Guo Haijie , Feng Peng , Ye Qiangfei , Wang Yuhua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, a novel near‐infrared (NIR) persistent luminescence (PersL) material Na2CaGe5SiO14 (NCGSO):Cr3+ is designed and prepared. The phase composition and crystal structure are analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld structural refinement. The band gap of NCGSO is calculated to be 4.245 eV by density functional theory (DFT) and confirmed by diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). It is determined by the photoluminescence (PL) spectra, X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy (XANES), and time‐resolved emission spectra (TRES) that three Ge4+ sites can be superseded simultaneously when Cr3+ ions are doped. In addition, the PL, photoluminescence excitation (PLE), and PersL performance are analyzed systematically. Under the radiation of 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) lamp, the samples exhibit excellent PL and PersL performance in the range of 600–900 nm, and the optimal afterglow duration lasts for more than 10 h. According to results, a possible mechanism is proposed to explain the PersL phenomenon. In the end, a set of information encrypted digital labels is designed and biological tissue penetration experiments are performed. The results reveal the potential of NCGSO:Cr3+ for information encryption and biological imaging applications.
Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on a Columnar Liquid‐Crystalline Perylene Emitter
Authors: Keum Changmin , Becker David , Archer Emily , Bock Harald , Kitzerow Heinz , Gather Malte C. , Murawski Caroline 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLiquid crystalline materials possess great potential as emitters in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their self‐assembling property, which may lead to anisotropic films and improved charge transport. Here, the key photophysical properties of the columnar liquid crystalline emitter perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic tetraethyl ester (PTCTE) are investigated and the material is implemented into OLEDs. It is found that vacuum‐deposited PTCTE films exhibit preferential horizontal orientation of the transition dipole moment. Embedding the emitter into different host materials leads to increased photoluminescence quantum yield but reduces molecular orientation compared to the neat film. OLEDs containing PTCTE doped into an exciplex‐forming co‐host achieve very high luminance exceeding 10 000 cd m−2 at 5.7 V, which is among the best performances of OLEDs based on columnar liquid crystalline emitters reported so far.
High‐Efficiency Transmissive Programmable Metasurface for Multimode OAM Generation
Authors: Bai Xudong , Kong Fanwei , Sun Yuntao , Wang Guanfu , Qian Jingyi , Li Xianbin , Cao Anjie , He Chong , Liang Xianling , Jin Ronghong , Zhu Weiren 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMetasurfaces have been extensively studied for generating electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). In particular, programmable metasurfaces enable real‐time switching between multiple OAM modes in a digital manner. However, the current programmable metasurfaces are mostly based on reflective mode, which suffer from low efficiency as well as serious feed blockage. In this paper, a transmissive programmable metasurface is presented for the highly efficient generation of multimode convergent OAM beams. The proposed transmissive metasurface is composed of electronically reconfigurable units with 1‐bit phase resolution (0/π), which are obtained by integrating two PIN diodes in the radiating layer for current direction modulation. Through the antisymmetry configuration of the two PIN diodes, nearly uniform transmission magnitudes but inversed phase states in a wide band can be obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed reconfigurable unit can achieve good 1‐bit phase tuning, with minimum insertion loss of 0.2 dB and 2 dB transmission bandwidth of more than 10%. Through the dynamic modulation of the quantized code distributions on the metasurface, programmable multimode OAM beams can thus be constructed. Both simulated and measured results verify the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Effective Delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 System Enabled by Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for GFP‐Tagged Paxillin Knock‐In
Authors: Xu Xiaoyu , Koivisto Oliver , Liu Chang , Zhou Junnian , Miihkinen Mitro , Jacquemet Guillaume , Wang Daqi , Rosenholm Jessica M. , Shu Yilai , Zhang Hongbo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, direct and effective intracellular delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids for homology‐directed repair is achieved by functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The functionalized MSNs (Cy5.5‐MSNs‐NLS) are synthesized by in situ labeling of a fluorescent dye (Cy5.5) and surface conjugation of nuclear localization sequence (NLS, PKKKRKV), showing a high loading efficiency (50%) toward the plasmids (PXN cutdown plasmid: GFP‐Cas9‐paxillin_gRNA and repair plasmid: AICSDP‐1: PXN‐EGFP). Subsequently, a polymeric coating of the poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDDA) is electrostatically deposited onto the plasmid‐loaded Cy5.5‐MSNs‐NLS by microfluidic nanoprecipitation. The coating layer offers effective protection against the denaturation of plasmids by EcoRV restriction enzymes, and is shown to prevent premature release. Moreover, owing to the positive charge and pH‐responsive disaggregation of PDDA, enhanced cellular internalization (16 h) and endosomal escape (4 h) of the nanocarrier are observed. After escape of nanocarrier system into the cytoplasm, the NLS on the surface of MSNs facilitates nuclear transport of the CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids, achieving successful GFP‐tag knock‐in of the PXN genomic sequence in U2OS cells. This intracellular delivery system thus offers an attractive method to overcome physiological barriers for CRISPR/Cas9 delivery, showing considerable promise for paxillin‐associated focal adhesion and signaling regulator investigation.