bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid Microbubble–Conjugated Anti-CD3 and Anti-CD28 Antibodies (Microbubble-Based Human T Cell Activator) Offer Superior Long-Term Expansion of Human Naive T Cells In Vitro
Authors: Lustig Ana , Manor Ty’Keemi , Shi Guixin , Li Jiangyuan , Wang Ying-Ting , An Yang , Liu Yu-Tsueng , Weng Nan-ping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Stimulation of human primary T cells with immobilized anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs in vitro provide a system to study T cell activation and proliferation and an avenue for expanding T cells for immunotherapy. Magnetic beads conjugated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs (Dynabeads Human T-Activator [D-TCA]) have been a golden standard for stimulating human primary T cells in vitro. In this study, we report that an application using anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs conjugated on lipid microbubbles (microbubble-based human T cell activator [MB-TCA]) to stimulate primary human naive T cells resulted in expansion superior to D-TCA. In 56-d cultures with three repeated stimulation cycles (14 d per stimulation), we found that 1) MB-TCA induced significantly better expansion (20- and 10-fold increase) of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells than did D-TCA; 2) MB-TCA– and D-TCA–stimulated T cells had a similar number of initial cell divisions, but MB-TCA had significantly lower activation-induced cell death than D-TCA; 3) MB-TCA–stimulated T cells produced less TNF-α than did D-TCA; and 4) blocking TNF-α action via adding an Ab against TNF-αR (TNFRSF1A) significantly improved expansion of T cells activated by D-TCA in vitro. Together, we demonstrated that the MB-TCA induces a better expansion of human naive T cells in vitro and offers advantages in both basic and clinical applications in which the outcome depends on the number of T cells.
A Population of Injury-Responsive Lymphoid Cells Expresses mpeg1.1 in the Adult Zebrafish Heart
Authors: Moyse Bethany R , Richardson Rebecca J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Transgenic zebrafish that express fluorophores under the control of mpeg1.1 (mpeg1) and csf1ra (c-fms) promoters have been widely used to study the dynamics and functions of mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) in larval zebrafish, unveiling crucial roles for these innate immune cells in many processes, including tissue repair. Adult zebrafish are also being increasingly used as a model organism for such studies because of their regenerative capacity and presence of innate and adaptive immune cells. For example, recent investigations highlight roles of MNPs in the regulation of diverse cellular processes during heart regeneration, including scarring, cardiomyocyte proliferation, and neovascularization. However, transgenic lines that stratify MNP subpopulations (monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells) are not yet available, preventing functional analysis of these populations. In an attempt to better segregate cardiac MNPs, we assessed the coexpression of mpeg1.1 and csf1ra reporter transgenes in adult zebrafish hearts. Unexpectedly, this also identified a discrete population of mpeg1.1+csf1ra− lymphoid-like cells, which respond to cardiac cryoinjury in a different temporal pattern to mpeg1.1+ MNPs. mpeg1.1+ lymphoid cells were also abundant in the skin, spleen, and blood, and their frequency was unaffected in the hearts of csf1raj4e1/j4e1 mutant zebrafish, which display deficiencies in MNP populations. Flow cytometry, imaging, and cytological and gene expression analyses collectively indicate that these cells comprise a mixed population of B cells and NK-like cells. Our study therefore highlights the need to identify novel MNP lineage markers but also suggests undetermined roles of B cells and NK-like cells in cardiac homeostasis and repair in adult zebrafish.
A Point Mutation Creating a 3′ Splice Site in C8A Is a Predominant Cause of C8α-γ Deficiency in African Americans
Authors: Densen Peter , Ackermann Laynez , Saucedo Leslie , Figueroa Julio E. , Si Zhi-hai , Stoltzfus Conrad Martin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
C8α-γ deficiency was examined in four unrelated African Americans. Two individuals were compound heterozygotes for a previously reported point mutation in exon 9. mRNA from the remaining six C8A alleles contained a 10 nt insertion between nt 992 and 993 corresponding to the junction between exons 6 and 7. This suggested that C8α-γ deficiency in these individuals was caused by a splicing defect. Genomic sequencing revealed a G→A point mutation in intron 6, upstream of the exon 7 acceptor site. This mutation converts a GG to an AG, generates a consensus 3′ splice site that shifts the reading frame, and creates a premature stop codon downstream. To verify that the point mutation caused a splicing defect, we tested wild-type and mutant mRNA substrates, containing 333 nt of the C8α intron 6/exon 7 boundary, in an in vitro splicing assay. This assay generated spliced RNA containing the 10 bp insertion observed in the C8α mRNA of affected patients. In addition, in mutant RNA substrates, the new 3′ splice site was preferentially recognized compared with wild-type. Preferential selection of the mutant splice site likely reflects its positioning adjacent to a polypyrimidine tract that is stronger than that adjacent to the wild-type site. In summary, we have identified a G→A mutation in intron 6 of C8A as a predominant cause of C8α-γ deficiency in African Americans. This mutation creates a new and preferred 3′ splice site, results in a 10 nt insertion in mRNA, shifts the reading frame, and produces a premature stop codon downstream.
An Ultrahigh-Affinity Complement C4b-Specific Nanobody Inhibits In Vivo Assembly of the Classical Pathway Proconvertase
Authors: Zarantonello Alessandra , Presumey Jessy , Simoni Léa , Yalcin Esra , Fox Rachel , Hansen Annette , Olesen Heidi Gytz , Thiel Steffen , Johnson Matthew B. , Stevens Beth , Laursen Nick Stub , Carroll Michael C. , Andersen Gregers R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The classical and lectin pathways of the complement system are important for the elimination of pathogens and apoptotic cells and stimulation of the adaptive immune system. Upon activation of these pathways, complement component C4 is proteolytically cleaved, and the major product C4b is deposited on the activator, enabling assembly of a C3 convertase and downstream alternative pathway amplification. Although excessive activation of the lectin and classical pathways contributes to multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and overexpression of a C4 isoform has recently been linked to schizophrenia, a C4 inhibitor and structural characterization of the convertase formed by C4b is lacking. In this study, we present the nanobody hC4Nb8 that binds with picomolar affinity to human C4b and potently inhibits in vitro complement C3 deposition through the classical and lectin pathways in human serum and in mouse serum. The crystal structure of the C4b:hC4Nb8 complex and a three-dimensional reconstruction of the C4bC2 proconvertase obtained by electron microscopy together rationalize how hC4Nb8 prevents proconvertase assembly through recognition of a neoepitope exposed in C4b and reveals a unique C2 conformation compared with the alternative pathway proconvertase. On human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived neurons, the nanobody prevents C3 deposition through the classical pathway. Furthermore, hC4Nb8 inhibits the classical pathway-mediated immune complex delivery to follicular dendritic cells in vivo. The hC4Nb8 represents a novel ultrahigh-affinity inhibitor of the classical and lectin pathways of the complement cascade under both in vitro and in vivo conditions.
Influences of variable Anteseden functional Integrity Examiner on quality tax inspection
Authors: Roem H Muhammad Kasman , Su'un Muhammad , Ahmad Hamzah 
Published: August 2020

The study aims to assess the impact of competence on the integrity of tax inspectors and the quality of tax inspection, competence on the quality of tax inspection through the integrity of tax inspectors, independence of the integrity of tax inspectors and quality of tax checks and the impact of integrity on the quality of tax inspection This research uses the method of descriptive analysis and path analysis with a sample number of 80 respondents. This research finds that competence have a direct positive and significant influence on the integrity and quality of the examination. Competence positively and significantly affect the quality of tax inspection through integrity. Independence has a significant positive direct influence on the integrity and quality of tax checks. Independence has positive and significant effect on the quality of tax inspection through integrity and Direct positive integrity, but not significant to the quality of tax inspection.
Caseload and Workload: Current Trends in School-Based Practice Across the United States
Authors: Seruya Francine M. , Garfinkel Mindy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Importance: Practitioners working in school settings have a variety of job-related responsibilities in addition to direct service provision. Models of best practice indicate that a workload approach to service delivery allows practitioners to provide effective and productive interventions in the school setting; however, current information related to service delivery by school-based practitioners in the United States is lacking.
Objective: To explore current caseloads, service delivery models, implementation of workload models, knowledge of state and local policies, and job satisfaction of school-based occupational therapy practitioners and how they relate to best practice.
Design: Web-based survey.
Setting: School-based practice.
Participants: Three hundred seventy-one school-based practitioners from across the United States completed the study.
Outcomes and Measures: Investigator-developed survey with both closed- and open-ended questions.
Results: School-based practitioners recruited via social media platforms and snowball sampling completed an online survey. Results indicate that practitioners wanted to move their practice to a workload model but cited lack of administrative support, time, procedural knowledge, and decreased advocacy skills as barriers to implementation. Moreover, despite current philosophy regarding best practice, occupational therapy practitioners continue to provide services outside of the classroom and other natural settings.
Conclusions and Relevance: There seems to be a disconnect between intent (e.g., service delivery in natural settings, expanding the scope of practice) and current practice trends. Practitioners need support to advocate for and implement alternative service delivery models and to incorporate a workload approach to meet the diverse needs of students in educational settings.
What This Article Adds: Practical resources related to caseload and workload guidelines and implementation, service delivery models, and methods of advocacy and negotiation skills are needed to support practitioners as they advocate for changes in their practice.
University of Kentucky measurements of wind, temperature, pressure and humidity in support of LAPSE-RATE using multisite fixed-wing and rotorcraft unmanned aerial systems
Authors: Bailey Sean C. C. , Sama Michael P. , Canter Caleb A. , Pampolini L. Felipe , Lippay Zachary S. , Schuyler Travis J. , Hamilton Jonathan D. , MacPhee Sean B. , Rowe Isaac S. , Sanders Christopher D. , Smith Virginia G. , Vezzi Christina N. , Wight Harrison M. , Hoagg Jesse B. , Guzman Marcelo I. , Smith Suzanne Weaver 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In July 2018, unmanned aerial systems (UASs) were deployed to measure the properties of the lower atmosphere within the San Luis Valley, an elevated valley in Colorado, USA, as part of the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE). Measurement objectives included detailing boundary layer transition, canyon cold-air drainage and convection initiation within the valley. Details of the contribution to LAPSE-RATE made by the University of Kentucky are provided here, which include measurements by seven different fixed-wing and rotorcraft UASs totaling over 178 flights with validated data. The data from these coordinated UAS flights consist of thermodynamic and kinematic variables (air temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed and direction) and include vertical profiles up to 900 m above the ground level and horizontal transects up to 1500 m in length. These measurements have been quality controlled and are openly available in the Zenodo LAPSE-RATE community data repository (https://zenodo.org/communities/lapse-rate/, last access: 23 July 2020), with the University of Kentucky data available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701845 (Bailey et al., 2020).
Wind variability in the Canary Current during the last 70 years
Authors: Marrero-Betancort Nerea , Marcello Javier , Rodríguez Esparragón Dionisio , Hernández-León Santiago 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Climate evolves following natural variability, and
knowledge of these trends is of paramount importance to understand future
scenarios in the frame of global change. Obtaining local data is also of
importance since climatic anomalies depend on the geographical area. In this
sense, the Canary Current is located in one of the major eastern boundary
current systems and is mainly driven by the trade winds. The latter promote
Ekman transport and give rise to one of the most important upwelling zones
of the world on the northwest African coast. Nearly 30 years ago, Bakun (1990)
raised a hypothesis contending that coastal upwelling in eastern boundary
upwelling systems (EBUSs) might be intensified by global warming due to the
enhancement of the trade winds, increasing pressure differences between the
ocean and the continent. Using available NCEP/NCAR wind data north of the
Canary Islands from 1948 to 2017, we show that trade wind intensity
experienced a net decrease of 1 m s−1. Moreover, these winds
are strongly influenced, as expected, by large-scale atmospheric
patterns such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). In addition, we
found a relationship between the wind pattern and the Atlantic Multidecadal
Oscillation (AMO), indicating that the ocean contributes to multidecadal
atmospheric variability in this area of the ocean with a considerable lag
(>10 years).
Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Millettia laurenti, Lophira alata and Milicia excelsa, Commonly Used in the Cameroonian Pharmacopoeia
Authors: Edoun Ferdinand L. E. , Tchuente Boris R. T. , Dibacto Ruth E. K. , Mouafo Hippolyte T. , Tchuenchieu Alex D. K. , Ndzana Abomo A. C. , Medoua Gabriel N. 
Published: August 2020

Aims: As the world nowadays is turning towards the research of biologically active natural compounds, this work aimed at assessing the antioxidant potential of compounds contained in the aqueous extracts of three common Cameroonian pharmacopoeia plants, namely Millettia laurenti (Wengé) seeds, Lophira alata (Azobé) leaves and Milicia excelsa (Iroko) barks and the associated bioactive compounds.
Methodology: After being dried and ground, they were macerated in water and the polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids quantified. The antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated through DPPH free radical scavenging, NO scavenging, phosphomolybdate method (TAC), and iron-reducing power (FRAP).
Results: The mean concentrations obtained ranged between 527 and 1213 µg GAE/g DM for polyphenols, 0.39 and 0.65 µg GAE/g DM for tannins, 19.79 and 27.06 µg QE/g DM for flavonoids, 15.72 and 16.02 µg QuE/g DM for alkaloids. Aqueous extracts of Wengé (AE-WG) and Azobé (AE-AZ) exhibited the highest and significantly similar contents. AE-AZ presented the highest iron reducing power (0.015 µg AAE/g DM at 10 mg/mL) and NO scavenging (IC50=3.63 mg/mL) while AE-WG showed the highest DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 4.20 mg/mL) and total antioxidant capacity (0.39 µg AAE/g DM at 10 mg/mL). No significant correlation was observed between studied bioactive compounds and the different antioxidant responses except flavonoids and tannins with TAC (p<0.05).
Conclusion: AE-AZ and AE-WG exhibited different antioxidant mechanisms and are therefore of high interest for potential use in the food industry and medicine with reserves to toxicological studies.
Sulfur‐ and Nitrogen‐Rich Porous π‐Conjugated COFs as Stable Electrode Materials for Electro‐Ionic Soft Actuators
Authors: Mahato Manmatha , Tabassian Rassoul , Nguyen Van Hiep , Oh Saewoong , Nam Sanghee , Kim Kwang Jin , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn unprecedented type of electronically conjugated porous covalent organic framework (COF) is synthesized for specific use in the electrode materials of electro‐ionic soft actuators. Because the basic structure contains most of the electron‐rich nucleophilic heteroatoms found in the periodic table with high percentages (13.84% for sulfur, 13.97% for nitrogen, and 19% for oxygen), adding only a small amount of these COFs (4.0 wt%) to poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT‐PSS) increases the specific capacitance by 380%, resulting in a significant improvement of the actuation performance without any back‐relaxation. In comparison with pure PEDOT‐PSS electrodes, the COFs‐based actuators show a 280% shorter phase delay, 350% faster rise time, 290% higher bending displacement, 320% stronger blocking force, and ultralong durability up to 20 000 cycles of continuous actuation. These impressive improvements in performance enable the realization of a soft touch finger for confidently opening folders and swiping pages on a fragile smartphone device. While the application of these COFs in actuators can contribute to the progress of ionic soft actuators and realization of soft robotics, these COFs can be employed directly or modified for use in numerous fields, such as electro‐ or photocatalysts, sensors, and optoelectronics.
Improving Cancer Immunotherapy by Cell Membrane‐Camouflaged Nanoparticles
Authors: Zeng Ziling , Pu Kanyi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has received tremendous attention in the past decade owing to its clinical successes with the use of immune‐checkpoint inhibition and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. However, only a small proportion of the patients have benefited from these immunotherapeutic drugs, which has raised concerns about the low response rate and immune‐related adverse events. Nanomedicines have served as a paradigm for preferential tumor accumulation but still confront issues such as poor circulation and insufficient tumor accumulation. By virtue of coating nanoparticles with cell membranes from diverse cell sources, active proteins on cell membranes can impart a variety of desired functionalities or supplementary therapeutic effects to nanoparticles, providing ways for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. In this review, the recent advances of cell membrane camouflaged nanoparticles applied to the improved immunotherapy are discussed on the basis of different sources of cell membranes and corresponding working mechanisms. These biomimetic nanoparticles can potentially deliver therapeutic agents to the designated sites and actively engage in particular stages of the cancer immunity cycle, eliciting antitumor immunity with less off‐target toxicities.
3D Microstructures of Liquid Crystal Networks with Programmed Voxelated Director Fields
Authors: Guo Yubing , Shahsavan Hamed , Sitti Metin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe shape‐shifting behavior of liquid crystal networks (LCNs) and elastomers (LCEs) is a result of an interplay between their initial geometrical shape and their molecular alignment. For years, reliance on either one‐step in situ or two‐step film processing techniques has limited the shape‐change transformations from 2D to 3D geometries. The combination of various fabrication techniques, alignment methods, and chemical formulations developed in recent years has introduced new opportunities to achieve 3D‐to‐3D shape‐transformations in large scales, albeit the precise control of local molecular alignment in microscale 3D constructs remains a challenge. Here, the voxel‐by‐voxel encoding of nematic alignment in 3D microstructures of LCNs produced by two‐photon polymerization using high‐resolution topographical features is demonstrated. 3D LCN microstructures (suspended films, coils, and rings) with designable 2D and 3D director fields with a resolution of 5 µm are achieved. Different shape transformations of LCN microstructures with the same geometry but dissimilar molecular alignments upon actuation are elicited. This strategy offers higher freedom in the shape‐change programming of 3D LCN microstructures and expands their applicability in emerging technologies, such as small‐scale soft robots and devices and responsive surfaces.
Suppressing Defects‐Induced Nonradiative Recombination for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells through Green Antisolvent Engineering
Authors: Xu Wenzhan , Gao Yu , Ming Wenjie , He Fang , Li Jingzhou , Zhu Xu‐Hui , Kang Feiyu , Li Jiangyu , Wei Guodan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted considerable attention due to their superior optoelectronic properties. Traditional one‐step solution‐processed perovskites often suffer from defects‐induced nonradiative recombination, which significantly hinders the improvement of device performance. Herein, treatment with green antisolvents for achieving high‐quality perovskite films is reported. Compared to defects‐filled ones, perovskite films by antisolvent treatment using methylamine bromide (MABr) in ethanol (MABr‐Eth) not only enhances the resultant perovskite crystallinity with large grain size, but also passivates the surface defects. In this case, the engineering of MABr‐Eth‐treated perovskites suppressing defects‐induced nonradiative recombination in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is demonstrated. As a result, the fabricated inverted planar heterojunction device of ITO/PTAA/Cs0.15FA0.85PbI3/PC61BM/Phen‐NADPO/Ag exhibits the best power conversion efficiency of 21.53%. Furthermore, the corresponding PSCs possess a better storage and light‐soaking stability.
Flexible Quasi‐van der Waals Ferroelectric Hafnium‐Based Oxide for Integrated High‐Performance Nonvolatile Memory
Authors: Liu Houfang , Lu Tianqi , Li Yuxing , Ju Zhenyi , Zhao Ruiting , Li Jingzhou , Shao Minghao , Zhang Hainan , Liang Renrong , Wang Xiao Renshaw , Guo Rui , Chen Jingsheng , Yang Yi , Ren Tian‐Ling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFerroelectric memories with ultralow‐power‐consumption are attracting a great deal of interest with the ever‐increasing demand for information storage in wearable electronics. However, sufficient scalability, semiconducting compatibility, and robust flexibility of the ferroelectric memories remain great challenges, e.g., owing to Pb‐containing materials, oxide electrode, and limited thermal stability. Here, high‐performance flexible nonvolatile memories based on ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) via quasi‐van der Waals heteroepitaxy are reported. The flexible ferroelectric HZO exhibits not only high remanent polarization up to 32.6 µC cm−2 without a wake‐up effect during cycling, but also remarkably robust mechanical properties, degradation‐free retention, and endurance performance under a series of bent deformations and cycling tests. Intriguingly, using HZO as a gate, flexible ferroelectric thin‐film transistors with a low operating voltage of ±3 V, high on/off ratio of 6.5  ×  105, and a small subthreshold slope of about 100 mV dec−1, which outperform reported flexible ferroelectric transistors, are demonstrated. The results make ferroelectric HZO a promising candidate for the next‐generation of wearable, low‐power, and nonvolatile memories with manufacturability and scalability.