bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical impact of PET imaging in prostate cancer management
Authors: Emmett Louise , Hruby George 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
Imaging of prostate cancer has been a rapidly evolving field in recent years with the introduction of multiple new PET tracer agents. Introduction of novel imaging techniques into clinical practice requires careful evaluation, with the ultimate aims of improved patient outcomes, better sequencing of treatments, and cost effectiveness. The increased sensitivity and specificity of these new PET agents present both challenges and opportunities. We know they frequently change management, but are these effective management changes, and is it always in the best interests of the patients?

Recent findings
This review will focus on recent publications that provide high-level evidence for the use of PET in prostate cancer. It will discuss studies that have evaluated the clinical impact of PET imaging in prostate cancer and will review a number of trials that demonstrate the potential of PET to change current standard of care, from diagnosis, to prognostic capabilities in men with metastatic prostate cancer.

Summary
Evidence for the use of PET in prostate cancer is building with studies evaluating diagnostic accuracy of PET at all stages of prostate cancer. We review the evidence available, focusing on prospective trials that are measuring the impact of new technology on patient outcomes.
mpMRI-targeted biopsy versus systematic biopsy for clinically significant prostate cancer diagnosis: a systematic review and metaanalysis
Authors: Baccaglini Willy , Glina Felipe P.A. , Pazeto Cristiano L. , Bernardo Wanderley M. , Sanchez-Salas Rafael 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
We aimed to compare the accuracy of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging-targeted biopsy (MRI-TB) versus systematic biopsy (SB) in men suspected of having prostate cancer (PCa).

Recent findings
In biopsy-naïve patients, MRI-TB was more accurate to identify csPCa than SB. However, when comparing specifically MRI-TB versus transperineal (SB), we did not find any difference. Furthermore, in a repeat biopsy scenario, MRI-TB found more csPCa than SB as well. Finally, postanalysis comparing combined biopsy (SB plus MRI-TB) suggests that the later alone may play a role in both scenarios for identifying csPCa.

Summary
MRI-TB found more csPCa than SB in patients with suspected PCa in both scenarios, naïve and repeat biopsies, but more studies comparing those methods are warranted before any recommendation on this topic.
Genomic analysis of 21 patients with corneal neuralgia after refractive surgery
Authors: Yuan Jun-Hui , Schulman Betsy R. , Effraim Philip R. , Sulayman Dib-Hajj , Jacobs Deborah S. , Waxman Stephen G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Refractive surgery, specifically laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy, are widely applied procedures to treat myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. After surgery, a subgroup of cases suffers from persistent and intractable pain of obscure etiology, thought to be neuropathic. We aimed to investigate the contribution of genomic factors in the pathogenesis of these patients with corneal neuralgia.

Methods:
We enrolled 21 cases (6 males and 15 females) from 20 unrelated families, who reported persistent pain (>3 months), after refractive surgery (20 laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis and 1 photorefractive keratectomy patients). Whole-exome sequencing and gene-based association test were performed.

Results:
Whole-exome sequencing demonstrated low-frequency variants (allele frequency < 0.05) in electrogenisome-related ion channels and cornea-expressed collagens, most frequently in SCN10A (5 cases), SCN9A (4 cases), TRPV1 (4 cases), CACNA1H and CACNA2D2 (5 cases each), COL5A1 (6 cases), COL6A3 (5 cases), and COL4A2 (4 cases). Two variants, p.K655R of SCN9A and p.Q85R of TRPV1, were previously characterized as gain-of-function. Gene-based association test assessing “damaging” missense variants against gnomAD exome database (non-Finnish European or global), identified a gene, SLC9A3R1, with statistically significant effect (odds ratio = 17.09 or 17.04; Bonferroni-corrected P-value < 0.05).

Conclusion:
These findings in a small patient cohort did not identify a common gene/variant among most of these cases, as found in other disorders, for example small-fiber neuropathy. Further studies of these candidate genes/variants might enhance understanding of the role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of corneal neuralgia.
The association between daily physical exercise and pain among women with fibromyalgia: the moderating role of pain catastrophizing
Authors: Lazaridou Asimina , Paschali Myrella , Schreiber Kristin , Galenkamp Laura , Berry Michael , Paschalis Theodoros , Napadow Vitaly , Edwards Robert R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a condition marked by widespread chronic pain and an array of somatic and psychological symptoms. The primary objective of this study was to explore daily associations between physical activity and pain intensity among a sample of women with FM and the potential moderation of this association by pain catastrophizing.

Methods:
Women with FM (N = 107) completed questionnaires assessing pain, FM symptoms, and psychological measures and were then asked to report their levels of daily pain catastrophizing, physical activity, and pain intensity once per day for a period of 1 week using daily electronic diary-based tracking. In addition, objective measures of physical activity were collected using an activity tracker (Fitbit Flex), which measured step counts. Daily self-report physical activity was used as the independent variable and pain intensity (Brief Pain Inventory) was the outcome, whereas daily pain catastrophizing was tested in the model as the potential moderator.

Results:
Moderation analyses demonstrated associations between physical activity and pain intensity, which were moderated by patient's level of catastrophizing (B = 0.003, SE = 0.001, P < 0.05), with patients scoring higher in daily catastrophizing showing a relatively stronger link between higher day-to-day physical activity and increased daily FM pain. Significant associations were observed between pain catastrophizing, pain intensity, and Fitbit Flex step count (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that increases in daily physical activity is associated with more self-reported pain intensity in women with FM pain, particularly among those with higher levels of pain catastrophizing.
A novel cortical biomarker signature for predicting pain sensitivity: protocol for the PREDICT longitudinal analytical validation study
Authors: Seminowicz David A. , Bilska Katarzyna , Chowdhury Nahian S. , Skippen Patrick , Millard Samantha K. , Chiang Alan K.I. , Chen Shuo , Furman Andrew J. , Schabrun Siobhan M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Temporomandibular disorder is a common musculoskeletal pain condition with development of chronic symptoms in 49% of patients. Although a number of biological factors have shown an association with chronic temporomandibular disorder in cross-sectional and case control studies, there are currently no biomarkers that can predict the development of chronic symptoms. The PREDICT study aims to undertake analytical validation of a novel peak alpha frequency (PAF) and corticomotor excitability (CME) biomarker signature using a human model of the transition to sustained myofascial temporomandibular pain (masseter intramuscular injection of nerve growth factor [NGF]). This article describes, a priori, the methods and analysis plan.

Methods:
This study uses a multisite longitudinal, experimental study to follow individuals for a period of 30 days as they progressively develop and experience complete resolution of NGF-induced muscle pain. One hundred fifty healthy participants will be recruited. Participants will complete twice daily electronic pain diaries from day 0 to day 30 and undergo assessment of pressure pain thresholds, and recording of PAF and CME on days 0, 2, and 5. Intramuscular injection of NGF will be given into the right masseter muscle on days 0 and 2. The primary outcome is pain sensitivity.

Perspective:
PREDICT is the first study to undertake analytical validation of a PAF and CME biomarker signature. The study will determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the biomarker signature to predict an individual's sensitivity to pain.

Registration details:
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04241562 (prospective).
Neurotization of the Nipple-Areola Complex during Implant-Based Reconstruction: Evaluation of Early Sensation Recovery
Authors: Djohan Risal , Scomacao Isis , Knackstedt Rebecca , Cakmakoglu Cagri , Grobmyer Stephen R. 
Published: July 2020

Summary:
The concept of sensate autologous breast reconstruction is not novel, and prior literature has focused mainly on sensate abdominally based breast reconstruction. The goal of this article is to present the authors’ results with a novel technique performing sensate implant-based reconstruction. A database was prospectively maintained for patients who underwent implant-based sensate breast reconstruction. The anterior branch of the lateral fourth intercostal is identified and preserved during the mastectomy by the breast surgeon. A processed nerve allograft is used as an interpositional graft connecting the donor nerve to the targeted nipple-areola complex. The sensory recovery process was objectively monitored using a pressure-specified sensory device. Thirteen patients underwent the proposed technique. Eight patients with 15 breasts were monitored for sensory recovery. For sensory measurement, the nipple had a mean threshold of 67.33 ± 34.48 g/nm2. The upper inner (29 ± 26.75 g/nm2) and upper outer (46.82 ± 32.72 g/nm2) nipple-areola complex quadrants demonstrated better scores during the moving test compared with the static test. Mean time between the test and surgery was 4.18 ± 2.3 months, and mean time between the second test and surgery was 10.59 ± 3.57 months. Threshold improvements were documented after the second test for all nipple-areola complex areas evaluated. This is the first study to report on early results obtained after performing sensate implant-based breast reconstruction. More studies are required to determine the long-term outcomes and impact on quality of life and to assess whether patient or breast characteristics impact the success of this procedure.
Genetic Risk of Trigger Finger: Results of a Genomewide Association Study
Authors: Sood Ravi F. , Westenberg Ritsaart F. , Winograd Jonathan M. , Eberlin Kyle R. , Chen Neal C. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Trigger finger, or stenosing tenosynovitis, is one of the most common conditions affecting the hand, yet its pathophysiology remains poorly understood, and genetic association studies of trigger finger are lacking. The purpose of this study was to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with trigger finger through a genomewide approach.

Methods:
The authors performed a case-control genomewide association study in the Partners HealthCare Biobank. Single-nucleotide polymorphism– and gene-based association analyses were carried out after quality control, imputation, and filtering.

Results:
Among 942 trigger finger cases and 24,472 controls, the authors tested 7,846,471 single-nucleotide polymorphisms for association with trigger finger. In the single-nucleotide polymorphism–based analysis, a single locus on chromosome 13 corresponding to KLHL1 met the genomewide significance threshold (lead single-nucleotide polymorphism rs59988404; OR, 1.74; 95 percent CI, 1.47 to 2.07; p = 1.99 × 10−10). After mapping, gene-based analysis demonstrated a significant association with POLE2 (p = 7.53 × 10−7) on chromosome 14. Among trigger finger cases, rs59988404 genotype was significantly associated with the total number of trigger finger procedures performed (p = 0.026).

Conclusions:
In the first reported genomewide association study of trigger finger, the authors report significant associations of KLHL1 and POLE2 with risk of trigger finger. The authors’ results may help to elucidate the pathophysiology of trigger finger and facilitate an individualized, precision-medicine treatment approach.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
Management of Congenital Auricular Anomalies
Authors: Joukhadar Nadim , McKee Daniel , Caouette-Laberge Louise , Bezuhly Michael 
Published: July 2020

Learning Objectives:
After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe normal ear anatomy and development, and evaluate the patient’s ears for differences in shape, size, prominence, and symmetry. 2. Identify common congenital ear deformities, including prominent ear, macrotia, Stahl ear, cryptotia, constricted ear, and lobule anomalies. 3. Describe both early nonoperative management and operative techniques for correction of these ear deformities. 4. Be aware of advantages and disadvantages of common and emerging techniques for correction of pediatric ear deformities.

Summary:
Whereas severe ear malformations such as microtia/anotia are rare, other ear deformities, such as prominent ear, Stahl ear, and cryptotia, are common. Although these ear deformities result in minimal physiologic morbidity, their psychological and cosmetic impact can be significant. Identifying these common deformities and understanding how they differ from normal ear anatomy is critical to their management. In cases where a deformity is identified in neonatal life, ear molding may obviate the need for surgery. Although various surgical techniques have been described for correction of common ear deformities, the surgeon should follow a careful stepwise approach to address the auricular deformity or deformities present. By using such an approach, complications may be minimized and predictable aesthetic outcomes achieved.
#PlasticSurgery: A Comparative Deep Dive Analysis into Social Media and Plastic Surgery
Authors: Mullens Cody Lendon , Hardy Kristen M. , Hernandez J. Andres , McCulloch Ian L. , Henderson Joshua T. , Gabbay Joubin , Ueno Cristiane M. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
As social media have become pervasive in contemporary society, plastic surgery content has become commonplace. Two of the most engaging and popular platforms are Instagram and Twitter, and much research has been performed with respect to Twitter. Currently, there are no studies comparing and contrasting the two platforms. The aim of this study was to robustly sample plastic surgery posts on Twitter and Instagram to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate platform content differences.

Methods:
The hashtag #PlasticSurgery was systematically queried twice per day, for 30 consecutive days, on Twitter and Instagram. Account type, specific media content, possible patient-identifying information, content analysis, and post engagement were assessed. Post volume and engagement between Instagram and Twitter posts were compared. Post characteristics garnering high engagement from each platform were also evaluated.

Results:
A total of 3867 Twitter posts and 5098 Instagram posts were included in this analysis. Daily total post volume for the 1-month duration of the study was significantly higher on Instagram compared with Twitter. Overall post engagement was significantly higher on Instagram compared with Twitter. Plastic surgeons and plastic surgery clinics represented the majority of accounts posting on both platforms with #PlasticSurgery. Identifiable patient features were much more prevalent on Instagram. The majority of Instagram posts were promotional in nature, outcome-based, or unrelated to plastic surgery. Alternatively, tweets were predominantly educational in nature.

Conclusions:
For physicians to harness the power of social media in plastic surgery, we need to understand how these media are currently being used and how different platforms compare to one another. This study has highlighted the inherent similarities and differences between these two highly popular platforms.
Mononeuritis multiplex: an unexpectedly common feature of severe COVID-19
Authors: Needham Edward , Newcombe Virginia , Michell Andrew , Thornton Rachel , Grainger Andrew , Anwar Fahim , Warburton Elizabeth , Menon David , Trivedi Monica , Sawcer Stephen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe prolonged mechanical ventilation required by patients with severe COVID-19 is expected to result in significant Intensive Care Unit – Acquired Weakness (ICUAW) in many of the survivors. However, in our post-COVID-19 follow up clinic we have found that, as well as the anticipated global weakness related to loss of muscle mass, a significant proportion of these patients also have disabling focal neurological deficits relating to an axonal mononeuritis multiplex. Amongst the 69 patients with severe COVID-19 that have been discharged from the intensive care units in our hospital, we have seen 11 individuals (16%) with such neuropathies. In many instances, the multi-focal nature of the weakness in these patients was initially unrecognised as symptoms were wrongly assumed to simply relate to “critical illness neuropathy”. While mononeuropathy is well recognised as an occasional complication of intensive care, our experience suggests that such deficits are common and frequently disabling in patients recovering from COVID-19.
A High-throughput Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Testing Platform for COVID-19
Authors: Du Jinwei , Chu Eric , Zhang Dayu , Lu Chuanyi M. , Zhang Aiguo , Sha Michael Y. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundSerology tests for detecting the antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can identify previous infection and help to confirm the presence of current infection.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of a newly developed high throughput immunoassay for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody detection.ResultsClinical agreement studies were performed in 77 COVID-19 patient serum samples and 226 negative donor serum/plasma samples. Positive percent agreement (PPA) was 42.86% (95% CI: 9.90% to 81.59%), 55.56% (95% CI: 21.20% to 86.30%), and 96.72% (95% CI: 88.65% to 99.60%) for samples collected on 0-7 days, 8-14 days, and ≥15 days from symptom onset, respectively. Negative Percent Agreement (NPA) was 98.23% (95% CI: 95.53% to 99.52%). No cross-reactivity was observed to patient samples positive for IgG antibodies against the following pathogens: HIV, HAV, HBV, RSV, CMV, EBV, Rubella, Influenza A, and Influenza B. Hemoglobin (200 mg/dL), bilirubin (2 mg/dL) and EDTA (10 mM) showed no significant interfering effect on this assay.ConclusionAn anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody assay with high sensitivity and specificity has been developed. With the high throughput, this assay will speed up the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG testing.
Genetic diversity and phylogeographic analysis of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) in two distant regions of Argentina: association with the genetic ancestry of the population
Authors: Hulaniuk María Laura , Mojsiejczuk Laura , Jauk Federico , Remondegui Carlos , Mammana Lilia , Bouzas María Belén , Zapiola Inés , Ferro María Verónica , Ajalla Claudia , Blejer Jorgelina , Alter Adriana , Acevedo María Elina , Rodríguez Eulalia , Fernández Roberto , Bartoli Sonia , Volonteri Victoria , Kohan Dana , Elsner Boris , Bürgesser María Virginia , Reynaud Ana Laura , Sánchez Marisa , González Carlos , Rivello Hernán García , Corach Daniel , Caputo Mariela , Trinks Julieta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe genetic diversity of persistent infectious agents, such as HHV-8, correlates closely with the migration of modern humans out of East Africa which makes them useful to trace human migrations. However, there is scarce data about the evolutionary history of HHV-8 particularly in multiethnic Latin American populations.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity and the phylogeography of HHV-8 in two distant geographic regions of Argentina and to establish potential associations with the genetic ancestry of the population.Study designA total of 605 HIV-1 infected subjects, Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) patients and blood donors were recruited in the metropolitan (MET) and north-western regions of Argentina (NWA). After HHV-8 DNA detection, ORF-26 and ORF-K1 were analyzed for subtype assignment. Uniparental and biparental ancestry markers were evaluated in samples in which subtypes could be assigned. Phylogeographic analysis was performed in the ORF-K1 sequences from this study combined with 388 GenBank sequences.ResultsHHV-8 was detected in 24.8% of samples. ORF-K1 phylogenetic analyses showed that subtypes A (A1-A5), B1, C (C1-C3) and F were present in 46.9%, 6.25%, 43.75% and 3.1% of cases, respectively. Analyses of ORF-26 fragment revealed that 81.95% of strains were subtypes A/C followed by J, B2, R, and K. Among KS patients, subtype A/C was more commonly detected in MET whereas subtype J was the most frequent in NWA. Subtypes A/C was significantly associated with Native American maternal haplogroups (p=0.004), whereas subtype J was related to non-Native American haplogroups (p<0.0001). Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe and Latin America were the most probable locations from where HHV-8 was introduced to Argentina.ConclusionsThese results give evidence of the geographic circulation of HHV-8 in Argentina, provide new insights about its relationship with ancient and modern human migrations and identify the possible origins of this virus in Argentina.
Public Reactions towards the COVID-19 Pandemic on Twitter in the United Kingdom and the United States
Authors: Zou Canruo , Wang Xueting , Xie Zidian , Li Dongmei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally since December 2019. Twitter is a popular social media platform with active discussions about the COVID-19 pandemic. The public reactions on Twitter about the COVID-19 pandemic in different countries have not been studied. This study aims to compare the public reactions towards the COVID-19 pandemic between the United Kingdom and the United States from March 6, 2020 to April 2, 2020.DataThe numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the United Kingdom and the United States were obtained from the 1Point3Acres website. Twitter data were collected using COVID-19 related keywords from March 6, 2020 to April 2, 2020.MethodsTemporal analyses were performed on COVID-19 related Twitter posts (tweets) during the study period to show daily trends and hourly trends. The sentiment scores of the tweets on COVID-19 were analyzed and associated with the policy announcements and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Topic modeling was conducted to identify related topics discussed with COVID-19 in the United Kingdom and the United States.ResultsThe number of daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases in the United Kingdom was significantly lower than that in the United States during our study period. There were 3,556,442 COVID-19 tweets in the United Kingdom and 16,280,065 tweets in the United States during the study period. The number of COVID-19 tweets per 10,000 Twitter users in the United Kingdom was lower than that in the United States. The sentiment scores of COVID-19 tweets in the United Kingdom were less negative than those in the United States. The topics discussed in COVID-19 tweets in the United Kingdom were mostly about the gratitude to government and health workers, while the topics in the United States were mostly about the global COVID-19 pandemic situation.ConclusionOur study showed correlations between the public reactions towards the COVID-19 pandemic on Twitter and the confirmed COVID-19 cases as well as the policies related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom and the United States.