bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training T-shaped translational scientists
Authors: Wasko Molly , Nearing Kathryn Allen , Neves Stacey L. , Carrillo Amy , Rainwater Julie , Croker Jennifer A. , Kimberly Robert P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To evaluate the design of I-Corps@NCATS as a translational scientist training program, we mapped specific elements of the program’s content and pedagogy to the characteristics of a translational scientist, as first defined by Gilliland et al. []: systems thinker, process innovator, boundary spanner, team player, and skilled communicator. Using a mixed-methods evaluation, we examined how the I-Corps@NCATS training program, delivered across twenty-two Clinical and Translational Science Award Hubs, impacted the development of these key translational scientist characteristics.

Methods:
We developed survey items to assess the characteristics of systems thinker, process innovator, boundary spanner, team player, and skilled communicator. Data were collected from a national sample of 281 participants in the I-Corps@NCATS program. Using post-then-retrospective-pre survey items, participants self-reported their ability to perform skills associated with each of the translational scientist characteristics. Additionally, two open-ended survey questions explored how the program shifted participants’ translational orientation, generating 211 comments. These comments were coded through a team-based, iterative process.

Results:
Respondents reported the greatest increases in self-assessed abilities related to systems thinking and skilled communication. Participants indicated the highest levels of abilities related to team player and boundary crosser. From the coding of open-ended comments, we identified two additional characteristics of translational scientists: intellectual humility and cognitive flexibility.

Conclusions:
Participation in I-Corps@NCATS accelerates translational science in two ways: 1) by teaching the process of scientific translation from research ideas to real-world solutions, and 2) by encouraging growth in the mindset and characteristics of a translational scientist.
Delegated Rulemaking in the European Union Fifteen Years Post-Lisbon: Taking Stock and Forward-Looking Reflections
Authors: Türk Alexander H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDrawing on the findings from the contributions to this Special Issue, this article maintains that, fifteen years after Lisbon, a debate on the law and politics of delegated rulemaking in the European Union (EU) is as relevant as ever. That is because the functional and procedural integration of the Member States in the EU multilevel and multi-jurisdictional legal system, supplanted by unprecedented challenges for supranational crisis management in the recent years, often led to unpredictable and often controversial configurations of delegated rulemaking. One may thus conclude that, fifteen years later, the constitutional framework put in place in the Lisbon Treaty has not been able to effectively constrain the normative development that evolved from delegated rulemaking, which often followed a different path. Hence the Lisbon Treaty provides only a partial blueprint for delegated rulemaking, leaving out rulemaking by EU agencies, regulatory frameworks and private parties, as well as increasingly composite and hybrid cooperation formulas involving EU and national executive actors. The future of EU delegated rulemaking will very much depend on the capacity to reach consensus on important meta-principles and political conceptions, such as democratisation and parliamentarisation, shaping the normative spaces generated within the sui generis dynamic European model of governance.
Unjustified Partiality or Impartial Bias? Reckoning with Age and Disability Discrimination in Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Zakout Ghada A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe exclusion of the elderly and people with disabilities from cancer clinical research without appropriate justification is discriminatory and is at odds with the ethos of EU principles, laws and research regulations. It further limits study generalizability. Several primary EU laws fronted by the European Charter prohibit engaging in disparate impact discrimination on the grounds of age and disability in all of EU tasks.
Mesoamerican Tri-lobed Jade “Spoon” Pendants: Questioning the Idea of Origins
Authors: Haines Helen R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractJade has been long recognized by archaeologists as an important trade item among ancient Mesoamerican cultures, particularly for ancient Olmec and Maya cultures. Unfortunately, the precocious development of Olmec society led many early archaeologists to overemphasize Olmec influence on the Maya during the Formative period (ca. 1000–400 BC). This is particularly noteworthy in the attribution of tri-lobed jade “spoon” pendants to the Olmec despite the lack of archaeological evidence. Using a recently discovered tri-lobed jade “spoon” pendant from the site of Ka'kabish, Belize, and dated to the Middle Formative period (ca. 800–600 BC), this article argues that such pieces should not be unquestionably attributed to the Olmec. This argument is supported by correlation with similar objects from other secure archaeological contexts at Maya sites dating to the Middle Formative period. This article contends that using the ethnonym Olmec to describe these objects creates an a priori assumption that these objects originated in the Olmec region and were merely repurposed by the Maya and argues for a reinterpretation of the origin and meaning for these objects.
An integrated approach using proximity labelling and chemical crosslinking to probe in situ host-virus protein–protein interactions
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Lin Zhewang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Host-virus interactions are critically important for various stages of the viral replication cycle. The reliance of viruses on the host factors for their entry, replication, and maturation processes can be exploited for the development of antiviral therapeutics. Thus, the identification and characterization of such viral-host dependency factors has been an attractive area of research to provide novel antiviral targets. Traditional proteomic efforts based on affinity purification of protein complexes from cell lysates are limited to detecting strong and stable interactions. In this perspective, we discuss the integration of two latest proteomic techniques, based on in situ proximity labelling and chemical crosslinking methods, to uncover host-virus protein–protein interactions in living cells.
Identifying Foods within the UK diet that are rich sources of the micronutrient Queuosine (Q)
Authors: Chandrasekaran S. , Pan X. , Rosas da Silva G. , Neville C. , Woodside J. , Green B. D 
Published: December 2024

This abstract was presented as the Novel Nutrition Research Methodologies and TechnologiesTheme Highlight. Queuosine (Q) is a vital micronutrient crucial for protein translation and cellular function in humans. Deficiencies of Q have been linked to chronic illnesses, such as inflammatory bowel disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and various cancers. Human requirements for this micronutrient have not yet been established. Thus far, there has been no systematic investigation of the human diet to understand typical intakes. It is necessary to measure the levels of Q metabolites in commonly consumed foods to identify the richest dietary sources and determine Q intake. Only then can its role in human health and disease be established.This study aimed to comprehensively analyse Q distribution in the UK diet by quantifying it in foods, identifying rich sources, and ultimately, enabling the design of dietary intervention studies assessing Q absorption/bioavailability.Data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS 5Y) were processed to identify the most frequently consumed foods in 31 main categories, reflecting the dietary habits of >99.5% of UK consumers. Extraction techniques were developed, including a methanol-based method for extracting free Q metabolites and a specialized approach for isolating tRNA-bound Q metabolites from various food matrices. Quantitative LC-MS/MS (SCIEX 5500+) was utilized to accurately measure queuine (q), Q, Q monophosphates (QMPs), and Q precursor (PreQ1) in food samples. These values were summed to determine Total Q levels. Additionally, four-day food diary data from 93 participants in the Northern Ireland Dietary Assessment Study (NIDAS) were analysed to determine the average daily consumption of Q metabolites in adults. Dairy sources were considered promising, so five commercial probiotic yoghurt brands were compared side-by-side.Q metabolite levels varied significantly across various food types. Total Q metabolite levels in foods ranged from 0.05ng/g to 80ng/g, with a mean level of 20ng/g. The calculated Q consumption of participants in NIDAS ranged from nil/day in some individuals to 170µg/day in others, with a typical mean intake of 18µg/day. The mean amounts (ng/g) of Total Q metabolites (tRNA-bound + free) measured in food categories were dairy 57.2 ± 9.7, meat 20.1 ± 9.9, poultry 4.9 ± 4, and plant-based milk 15.3 ± 10, fruits 2 ± 1.3, vegetables 5.3 ± 2.8, starchy foods 2.2 ± 0.7. Dairy products emerged as significant sources of Q metabolites based on these findings. Concentrations observed in shortlisted probiotic yoghurts ranged from 32 to 352 ng/g.This study determined typical Q intakes and is the first to identify Q-rich food sources in the UK diet. The highly Q-enriched probiotic yoghurt products could be used in controlled dietary intervention studies to assess Q absorption/bioavailability and this micronutrient’s role in human health and disease.
Using school food purchase data as a method to assess food group and nutrient intakes in secondary school-aged pupils
Authors: Bradley J. , Spence S. 
Published: December 2024

Obtaining data on pupils’ school food intakes often relies upon self-reported dietary assessment methods, which can be subject to reporting errors(1). Online tools offer an engaging, streamlined method, however reporting errors still exist. Furthermore, gaining access into schools to conduct research is challenging(2). School food purchase data may offer an alternative approach. Objective data on individual-level school food purchases can be obtained for the whole school day owing to cashless canteens. The use of school food purchase data as a method to assess dietary intakes in secondary school pupils warrants exploration. The aims of the study were to assess the information available in school food purchase data and explore its potential in assessing food group and nutrient intakes.Individual pupil-level purchase data was obtained from five secondary schools over a four-week period. Following data cleaning and manipulation in excel and Stata v18, the proportion of food and drink items that were assigned an Intake24 food group and linked to a UK Nutrient databank code(s) was calculated.Ethical approval was obtained from the Faculty of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee, Newcastle University (ref: 2482/26614). Data protection impact assessment was created to ensure efficient transfer of data.The data captured school food purchases in 3466 pupils; this equated to approximately 80% of total pupils purchasing at least one item at school across the four-week period. A total of 119125 purchases were made by pupils. There were 367 different food and drink item descriptions. Ninetytwo percent (n = 338) of these were able to be assigned to a food group, for example ‘veg/salad’ and ‘hot meat baguette’. This accounted for 82% (n = 97821) of total purchases. Of these, 258 food and drink items (60% of total purchases) contained enough information for a nutrient code to be assigned, for example ‘flapjack’ and ‘Radnor Fizz drink’.Eight percent (n = 29) did not have enough information to assign either a food group or nutrient code. These included items such as ‘Main Dish’ and ‘Packed Lunch Deal’. These accounted for 18% (n = 20954) of total purchases across the four-week menu cycle.Pupil-level purchase data is a novel and feasible approach to obtaining objective food intake data on a large scale, maximising generalisability of findings. Obtaining intake data on >3000 pupils in a short time frame would be unachievable using traditional dietary assessment methods. There are some limitations in the use of pupil purchase data to assess pupils’ nutrient intakes, for example, missing portion size information. However, the use of average portions warrants investigation. Future work to compare purchases with self-reported data to assess agreement with validated dietary assessment methods is required.
Effects of cranberry (poly)phenols on mental health in university students: the CRANMOOD randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kamarunzaman N. N. Z. , Le Sayec M. , Li Y. , Wu H. , Mesnage R. , Dalrymple K. , Halket J. , Caldwell A. , Borsini A. , Pariante C. , Vauzour D. , Le Gall G. , Bajka B. , Rodriguez-Mateos A. 
Published: December 2024

Increasing evidence indicates that (poly)phenol consumption can have beneficial effects in human brain function(1). The overall aim of this project is to investigate whether consumption of a (poly)phenol rich cranberry drink improve mental health and cognitive function in university students via the gut-brain axis.A parallel randomised controlled trial was conducted in 72 young healthy final year university students assigned to consume 236 mL cranberry drink (442 mg polyphenols) or nutrient matched placebo, daily for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was mood, measured as Total Mood Disturbance (TMD), using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included stress, anxiety and depression levels, measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire, salivary cortisol levels and cognitive function measured using the Online General Cognitive Assessment Battery (CogniFit). All of these questionnaires were measured every 4 weeks. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure inflammatory markers, gut-brain-axis metabolites, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and cranberry polyphenols metabolites. Faecal samples were also collected for measuring gut microbiome diversity and composition and faecal metabolomics. Diet was assessed using food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), 7-day food diaries (EPIC) and 24 h online dietary recalls (intake 24) during the study. Linear mixed-effect model (LMM) and ANCOVA were used to investigate the relationship between the 2 trial arms.No significant differences were found between treatments for mood, stress levels, anxiety, depression, circulating short chain fatty acids or inflammatory markers, however a significantly lower diurnal area under the curve of salivary cortisol (p = 0.010) and significantly higher short-term memory (Z-score: p = 0.024; Raw-score: p = 0.034) was found at 12 weeks in the cranberry group compared with the placebo. Besides, significant differences between interventions were found in plasma gut-brain axis metabolites, including the kynurenine and bile acids pathway which were kynurenine (p = 0.023), kynurenic (p = 0.032), quinolinic (p = 0.018), and glycolithocholic acid (p = 0.04) as well as several plasma and urinary cranberry (poly)phenol metabolites were modulated by cranberry consumption.In conclusion, daily cranberry (poly)phenol supplementation for 12 week did not improve mood, stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms in healthy university students, however it may modulate cortisol levels and some aspects of cognitive function via the gut-brain axis.
LIFE Climate Smart Chefs; An Analysis of the Impact of Recipe Reformulation on Environment and Nutrition to Support Sustainable Menu Design (Editions 4 to 6)
Authors: Geaney L. , Stack H. , Magnani A. , Antonelli M. , Castaldi S. , O’Kelly D. , Douglas F. , O’Brien K. , Kirwan L. B. 
Published: December 2024

2023 was reported as the warmest year on record, and the global mean temperature reached 1.45°C above the 1850 to 1900 pre-industrial average(1). Emissions from food production are estimated to push global warming over the 1.5°C target set by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)(2). The food industry contributes to one-third of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe), and accounts for 70% of the world’s fresh water use, through unsustainable practices within food production, packaging and transportation(3). The LIFE Climate Smart Chef (CSC) project was developed to support EU Climate Policy in line with the objectives of the Farm to Fork Strategy(4). This study aims to analyse the nutritional and environmental impact of recipe reformulation by chefs on the CSC project between January to May 2023.Under the CSC project, 164 chefs were required to enter their recipes into Nutritics, complete a higher level training course on sustainable menu design, and then reformulate their recipes in an in-person workshop where the Nutritics “Foodprint” sustainability module was turned on. Foodprint profiles a recipe’s carbon impact into a simple A to E grading system based on boundaries defined by the CSC project. 178 recipes from 27 chefs were entered into Nutritics software, and analysed for environmental impact (SuEatable LIFE database) and nutrition (energy, saturated fat, salt, sugar, and front of pack labels).Environmental analysis showed a reduction in carbon (μ −40%; −20% to −75%) and water (μ -38%; 25% to -64%) following reformulation. While the number of A grade recipes remained the same, recipes with “Low” and “Medium” carbon grades B and C (B grades +7%, C grades +4%) and “High” carbon grade D recipes increased (+1%), “Very high” carbon E grade recipes (>1.2kg C02eq) decreased by 15%. For the nutrition analysis, there was a reduction in saturated fat content (μ -11%; 0 to +18g) and salt (μ -5%; 0 to +3.3g), whereas sugar increased after reformulation (μ + 16.3%; 0 to +32g). The Nutrition front of pack labels were impacted by reformulation; “red” labels decreased for salt and saturated fat, but increased for sugar (salt -17%; saturated fat -46%; sugar +50%), recipes labelled “amber” decreased for salt, but increased for saturated fat (salt -5%; saturated fat +6%; sugar 0%) and recipes labelled “green” increased for salt and saturated fat, but decreased for sugar (salt +7%; saturated fat +7%; sugar -1%).Reformulation should consider multiple factors to ensure a net positive impact on environment and health. This analysis quantifies and provides insight into reformulation as a strategy in sustainable menu design. Quantifying impact may provide an evidence-based for food service reformulation strategies and targets. Future research should analyse additional factors such as cost and demographics, and in-depth statistical analysis.
The environmental impact of diet in Latin American populations: a systematic review
Authors: Araya-Bastias C. , Garzillo J. , Pell J. P. , Lee D. , Celis-Morales C. 
Published: December 2024

Food production accounts for one third of global greenhouse gas emissions(1). Similarly, the demand on the food system depends in part on people’s food choices. Thus, several studies have estimated the environmental impact of dietary patterns based on food consumption data from developed countries(2,3). This has led to literature reviews comparing the evidence for the impact of different diets on the environment and health status(4,5). However, similar analyses from developing countries are scarce. In this context, this systematic review sought to analyse and compare the available literature on the environmental impact of the diet of Latin American populations.A systematic review was conducted using the ©2024 Covidence online software. Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria were studies measuring different markers of environmental impact such as carbon, water or ecological footprint related to food consumption in Latin American countries. We narratively synthesized the evidence by country, environmental markers, socio-demographic factors and dietary intake reported by each country.Out of 3007 papers, 30 were included in this review. Eight Latin American countries have reported the environmental impact of diet, with the majority coming from Brazil (n = 8), followed by Mexico (n = 6), Argentina (n = 3), Chile (n = 3), and Peru (n = 2) while only study was available for Colombia, Costa Rica and Guatemala. Water and carbon footprint were the most commonly used measures of the environmental impact of people’s diets. The average (IC 95%) carbon footprint reported were 2.3 (2,1; 2,3); 2.6 (2.6; 4.4); 3.4 (2.4; 4.7); 4.5 (4.4; 4.6) and 8.3 (4.5; 12.4) KgCO2eq/person/day in Guatemala, Peru, Chile, Brazil and Argentina, respectively. In general, men, middle-aged adults and people with higher educational and socio-economic levels were positively associated with a higher diet-related environmental footprint. In addition, beef and vegetables were the foods with the highest and lowest environmental impact attribution, respectively.Our review reveals a significant lack of research on the environmental impact of diet in Latin American populations. This underlines the need to establish a regional database documenting the environmental footprint of commonly consumed foods in Latin America. This would allow for the development of studies to provide evidence to promote public policies to achieve more sustainable diets in the region.