bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional survey on impact of paediatric COVID-19 among Italian paediatricians: report from the SIAIP rhino-sinusitis and conjunctivitis committee.
Authors: Diaferio Lucia , Parisi Giuseppe Fabio , Brindisi Giulia , Indolfi Cristiana , Marchese Giuseppe , Ghiglioni Daniele Giovanni , Zicari Anna Maria , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Giudice Michele Miraglia del 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThere is ample evidence that COVID-19 is significantly less severe in children than in adults and asthma and allergy, the most common chronic disorders in children, are not included in the top 10 comorbidities related to COVID-19 fatalities. Nevertheless, concerns about asthma and allergy are still high.. In order to evaluate the impact of paediatric COVID-19 among Italian paediatricians, we sent a 20-questions anonymous internet-based survey to 250 Italian paediatricians with particular address to allergic symptoms and those affecting the upper airwaysMethodsThe questionnaire was conceived and pretested in April 2020, by a working group of experts of the Italian Paediatric Society for Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP), and structured into different sections of 20 categorized and multiple choice questions. The first part included questions about epidemiological data follows by a second part assessing the way to manage a suspected COVID-19 infection and personal experiences about that. The third part concerned questions about patients’ clinical characteristics and clinical manifestations.The survey was emailed once between April and mid-May 2020. ResultsA total 99 participants had participated in our survey and provided responses to our electronic questionnaire. The distribution of patients reported per month varies significantly according to the geographical area (P=0.02). Data confirmed that in the North part of Italy the rate of patients referred is higher than in the rest of Italy. Almost all respondents (98%) reported caring for up to a maximum of 10 infected children and the last 2% more than twenty. Among these patients, according to the 75% of responders, a maximum rate of 20% were affected by allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and in particular in the North of Italy while in the Centre and in the South there was a higher incidence (P=0.09). Almost the same applies for asthma, 83% of responders declared that up to a maximum of 20% of affected children were asthmatic, from 20% to 40% for the 13,5% of responders and from 40% to 60% for the last 3,5%. As for the allergic conjunctivitis also for asthma, we found a higher incidence in the Centre and in South than in the North (P=0.03).
Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection at a tertiary referral hospital for children
Authors: Dame Joycelyn Assimeng , Beylis Natalie , Nuttall James , Eley Brian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background This study describes the disease burden, clinical characteristics, antibiotic management, impact of multidrug resistance and outcome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection (PABSI) among children admitted to a tertiary referral hospital for children in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at a paediatric referral hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Demographic and clinical details, antibiotic management and patient outcome information were extracted from medical and laboratory records. Antibiotic susceptibility results of identified organisms were obtained from the National Health Laboratory Service database.Results The incidence risk of PABSI was 5.4 (95% CI: 4.34-6.54) PABSI episodes / 10,000 hospital admissions and the most common presenting feature was respiratory distress, 34/91 (37.4%). Overall, 69/91 (75.8%) of the PA isolates were susceptible to all antipseudomonal antibiotic classes evaluated. Fifty (54.9%) of the PABSI episodes were treated with appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy. The mortality rate was 24.2% and in multivariable analysis, empiric antibiotic therapy to which PA isolates were not susceptible, infections present on admission, and not being in the intensive care unit at the time that PABSI was diagnosed were significantly associated with 14-day mortality.Conclusions PABSI caused appreciable mortality, however, appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was associated with reduced 14-day mortality. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection, children, Sub-Saharan Africa.
Maternal vaccinations coverage and reasons for non-compliance - A cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Drezner David , Youngster Michal , Klainer Hodaya , Youngster Ilan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Maternal influenza and pertussis vaccinations have been proven safe and effective in reducing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Though recommended, not all pregnant women receive these important vaccines. We aimed to evaluate the vaccine coverage of maternal immunization in pregnancy for seasonal influenza and acellular pertussis and elucidate the reasons for non-vaccination among pregnant women. The secondary objective was to describe factors that affect vaccine uptake. Methods: A cross sectional observational study using anonymous questionnaires distributed to women in the maternity ward or pregnant women hospitalized in the high-risk ward, between Nov 2017 and June 2018, In an Israeli tertiary hospital.Results: Of 321 women approached, 313 were eligible, with a total of 290 women completing the questionnaire (92.6%). We found a 75.9% (95% CI 71-81) and 34.5% (95% CI 29-40) vaccination rate for pertussis and influenza vaccines, respectively. The most prominent reason for not receiving the pertussis vaccine was being under-informed (24%). Influenza vaccine was not received mainly due to concerns about vaccine efficacy (28%). Other factors influencing vaccine uptake included education, prior childbirth and vaccine recommendations made by the provider.Conclusion: Although maternal vaccination of pertussis and influenza is officially recommended, vaccine uptake is suboptimal. Our study suggests a central role for medical providers in diminishing the concerns about safety and efficacy, and presents novel factors influencing compliance rates, like seasonality and number of prior births.
Transplanted Embryonic Retinal Stem Cells have the Potential to Repair the Injured Retina in Mice
Authors: Feng Xia , Chen Peng , Zhao Xin , Wang Jing , Wang Hong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Stem cell transplantation has been reported as one of the promising strategies to treat retinal degenerative diseases, but this field is so complicated and still relatively new. This study investigated the potential role of transplantation of the embryo-derived retina stem cells (RSCs) into the vitreous cavity in repairing the damaged retina in mice.Methods: RSCs were isolated from Kunming mice E17 embryonic retina and ciliary body tissues. RSCs were cultured, differentiated, and labeled with 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridin (BrdU). Retinal injury was induced in left eyes in male Kunming mice by ring clamping of the optic nerve. The 6th-generation of BrdU-labeled RSCs were transplanted into the damaged retina by the intravitreal injection, and saline injected eyes were used as the control. Hematoxylin and eosin histological staining, and BrdU, Nestin and Pax6 immunostaining were performed.Results: Embryo-derived RSCs were identified by the positive stains of Pax6 and Nestin. BrdU incorporation was detected in most of RSCs. The damaged retina showed diffuse edema, disordered and loose-arranged morphological changes in all retinal layers. In the damaged retina with RSCs transplantation, the positive staining for BrdU, Pax6 and Nestin were revealed on the retinal surface. Notably, a small amount of RSCs migrated into the retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear.Conclusions: Embryonic RSCs have similar characteristics to neural stem cells. Transplantation of RSCs by intravitreal injection would be able to repair the damaged retina.
The effect of hearing protection devices on speech intelligibility of Persian employees
Authors: Karami Mina , Aliabadi Mohsen , Golmohammadi Rostam , Nahrani Morteza Hamidi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of hearing protection devices (HPDs) on speech intelligibility in Persian work environments. Three current earmuffs and three earplugs and one of the prototypes of molded earplug were tested on 15 male subjects which were randomly selected. The noise reduction of HPDs was measured based on the Real Ear Attenuation at Threshold (REAT) method. Speech intelligibility during using HPDs was determined based on the speech discrimination score (SDS) at two signal to noise (S/N) ratios (0 and +5). Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.Results: The actual to nominal noise reduction rating values were from 47% to 84% for HPDs. At two S/N ratios, no significant differences were observed in speech intelligibility using HPDs (p >0.05). However, at S/N ratio=0, the speech intelligibility descriptively has been improved by using common earmuffs up to 9.07 %. There was a significant difference up to 21.27% in speech intelligibility for proposed molded earplugs at S/N ratio=0 (p <0.05). Increase the HPDs' noise attenuation values lead to increase interference in the speech (p <0.05). The HPDs with the minimum required noise attenuation while maintaining acceptable speech ineligibility should be worn by employees exposed to medium noise levels.
The asynchronous growth and movement reconstruction of the early molting animals
Authors: Lan Tian , Medeiros Daniel Meulemans 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Epithelium is one of the basic types of animal tissue, and forms tissue boundaries that act as physical barriers to separate adjacent cell clusters. However, tissue boundaries at cellular resolutions can hardly be found in the fossil record. Here we focus on the growth and movement patterns of early Ecdysozoans by quantifying cell-level forces in the epithelium of two worms from the early Cambrian and Ordovician period. The arrangement of the epithelium cells (that do not necessarily represent biological cells) separating the body rings of these early Ecdysozoans indicates precise morphological patterning at the cellular level was established in the early Cambrian. The force distribution patterns on the body ring further suggest that the boundary cells helped maintain a pressure gradient between the rings, consistent with a role in movement. Finally, the active tension field of the worms plates throughout their ontogeny, and steady state of their epithelium cells, indicate these molting animals employed an asynchronous growth pattern in their epithelium.
Surgical Lobectomy of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations in a Patient with Presentations Regarded as Sequela of Tuberculosis: A Case Report
Authors: Teng Peng , Li Weidong , Ni Yiming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are uncommon conditions of abnormal communications between pulmonary arteries and veins, which are most commonly congenital in nature. Although such condition is not extremely rare, it is a challenge to the differential diagnosis of pulmonary problems such as hypoxemia and pulmonary lesions.Case presentation: We report a meaningful case of a 23-year-old male presented with elevated hemoglobin (23.0 g/dl) on admission. Physical examination revealed cyanosis, digital clubbing and low oxygen saturation on room air. The patient was initially diagnosed as polycythemia vera while the subsequent result of bone marrow aspiration was negative. During further assessment, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations were detected by CT pulmonary angiography. Lobectomy was successfully performed with significant increase in oxygen saturation from 86% to 98%. The hemoglobin decreased to almost normal level of 14.9 g/dl three months after surgery and the patient had been followed up for nearly 5 years.Conclusions: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations should be suspected in patients with central cyanosis, digital clubbing, polycythemia, pulmonary lesion and without cardiac malformations. Embolization or surgery is strongly recommended to reduce the risks caused by pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.
Integrating Bayesian Inference with Scanning Probe Experiments for Robust Identification of Surface Adsorbate Configurations
Authors: Järvi Jari , Alldritt Benjamin , Krejčí Ondřej , Todorovic Milica , Liljeroth Peter , Rinke Patrick 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Controlling the properties of organic/inorganic materials requires detailed knowledge of their molecular adsorption geometries. This is often unattainable, even with current state-of-the-art tools. Visualizing the structure of complex non-planar adsorbates with atomic force microscopy (AFM) is challenging, and identifying it computationally is intractable with conventional structure search. In a fresh approach, we propose to integrate cross-disciplinary tools for a robust and automated identification of 3D adsorbate configurations. We employ Bayesian optimization with first-principles simulations for accurate and unbiased structure inference of multiple adsorbates. The corresponding AFM simulations then allow us to fingerprint adsorbate structures appearing in AFM experimental images. In the instance of bulky (1S)-camphor adsorbed on the Cu(111) surface, we found three matching AFM image contrasts, which allowed us to correlate experimental image features to distinct cases of molecular adsorption.
Machine Learning-driven Multiscale Modeling Reveals Lipid-Dependent Dynamics of RAS Signaling Proteins
Authors: Ingolfsson Helgi , Neale Chris , Carpenter Timothy , Shrestha Rebika , Lopez Cesar , Tran Timothy , Oppelstrup Tomas , Bhatia Harsh , Stanton Liam , Zhang Xiaohua , Sundram Shiv , Natale Francesco Di , Agarwal Animesh , Dharuman Gautham , Schumacher Sara Kokkila , Turbyville Thomas , Gulten Gulcin , Van Que , Goswami Debanjan , Jean-Francios Frantz , Agamasu Constance , Chen De , Hettige Jeevapani , Travers Timothy , Sarkar Sumantra , Surh Michael , Yang Yue , Moody Adam , Liu Shusen , Essen Brian Van , Voter Arthur , Ramanathan Arvind , Hengartner Nicolas , Simanshu Dhirendra , Stephen Andrew , Bremer Peer-Timo , Gnanakaran S , Glosli James , Lightstone Felice , McCormick Frank , Nissley Dwight , Streitz Frederick 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
RAS is a signaling protein associated with the cell membrane that is mutated in 30% of human cancers. RAS signaling has been proposed to be regulated by dynamic heterogeneity of the cell membrane. Investigating such a mechanism requires near-atomic detail at macroscopic temporal and spatial scales, which is not possible with conventional computational or experimental techniques. We demonstrate here a multiscale simulation infrastructure that uses machine learning to create a scale-bridging ensemble of over 100,000 simulations of active wild-type KRAS on a complex, asymmetric membrane. Initialized and validated with experimental data (including a new structure of active wild-type KRAS), these simulations represent a substantial advance in the ability to characterize RAS-membrane biology. We report distinctive patterns of local lipid composition that correlate with interfacially promiscuous RAS multimerization. These lipid fingerprints are coupled to RAS dynamics, predicted to influence effector binding, and therefore may be a mechanism for regulating cell signaling cascades.
Analysis of foot skeletal structure by 3D foot scanner on smartphone
Authors: Yamashita Tomoko , Yamashita Kazuhiko , Sato Mitsuru , Ryotokuji Takeshi , Kawasumi Masashi , Takase Yoshimasa , Hara Shinsuke 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The influence of foot skeletal structure on hallux valgus (HV) is poorly understood, so its detailed understanding at an early stage is required for prevention. In this study, a system using a 3D foot scanner on smartphone was developed for the purpose of clarifying relationships between skeletal features and the degree of HV risk.Methods: This system analyzes the foot skeletal structure by sending 2D video images recorded on smartphone to a computer or cloud server, where the 3D foot skeleton model is constructed by the 2D images. This system was developed to identify 10 skeletal features that are expected to be associated with hallux valgus. The participants comprised 419 individuals (40–89 years), and they maintained a standing pose with their toes 12 cm apart and heels 8 cm apart during the video recording. The height and weight were additionally measured to calculate BMI.Results: The study results showed that age-based variations in the foot skeletal features were observed slightly for men whereas distinctively for women. It was observed for women that the great toe-first metatarsal head-heel (GFH) angle increases with age, so it suggests that the increase of the GFH angle characterizes the development of HV. The multiple regression analysis reveals that the features determining the GFH angle are the second toe-heel-navicular angle and the axis of the bone distance among the skeletal features related to the midfoot, and the transverse arch length and height among those related to the forefoot. Their adjusted coefficients of determination were 0.52 and 0.48 for men and women, respectively.Conclusion: Using a 3D foot scanner on smartphone, we developed a simple method to access the skeletal structure of the foot related to HV risk.Trial registration: University hospital Medical Information Network- Clinical Trials (UMIN-CTR) with the number: UMIN 000037694. Registration date: 20/08/2019.
“Symptom Screening is Easier, but You Can Miss…”: Perceptions of Nurse-led Symptom-based Screening to Promote Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in the Context of a Cluster Randomized Trial in South Africa
Authors: Salazar-Austin Nicole , Milovanovic Minja , West Nora S , Tladi Molefi , Barnes Grace Link , Variava Ebrahim , Martinson Neil , Chaisson Richard E , Kerrigan Deanna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis is a top-10 cause of under-5 mortality, despite policies promoting tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT). We previously conducted a cluster randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of symptom-based versus tuberculin skin-based screening on child TPT uptake. Symptom-based screening did not improve TPT uptake and nearly two-thirds of child contacts were not identified or not linked to care. Here we qualitatively explored healthcare provider perceptions of factors that impacted TPT uptake among child contacts.Methods: Sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants including healthcare providers and administrators who participated in the trial in Matlosana, South Africa. The participants’ experience with symptom-based screening, study implementation strategies, and ongoing challenges with child contact identification and linkage to care were explored. Interviews were systematically coded and thematic content analysis was conducted. Results: Participants’ had mixed opinions about symptom-based screening and high acceptability of the study implementation strategies. A key barrier to optimizing child contact screening and evaluation was the supervision and training of community health workers. Conclusions: Symptom screening is a simple and effective strategy to evaluate child contacts, but additional pediatric training is needed to provide comfort with decision making. New clinic-based child contact files were highly valued by providers who continued to use them after trial completion. Future interventions to improve child contact management will need to address how to best utilize community health workers in identifying and linking child contacts to care. Trial Registration: The results presented here were from research related to NCT03074799, retrospectively registered on 9 March 2017.
A Comparative Study of Online Education and Traditional Offline Education During COVID-19
Authors: Hong Yun , Li Xiaolan , Lin Yingwen , Xie Jun , Yan Xutong , Lin Zhengmei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: In early 2020, a global pandemic (COVID-19) broke out and severely affected the progress of education in various countries’ universities and institutions, which promoted the progress of online courses at the same time. This article aims to conduct a comparative analysis of teacher-student surveys between online live teaching and traditional off-line teaching, and explore the direction of medical education reform in colleges and universities.Methods: Surveys among teachers and students were conducted on live broadcast courses and traditional offline courses by Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Teachers were investigated from the three aspects including preparation before the class, the experience of teaching during the class, and evaluation after the class, while the students were performed investigations and statistical analysis from the aspects of class experience, learning effect, evaluation of the teachers and curricula.Results: Both teachers and students fully recognized the orderly organization and management of online live-streaming teaching, and that online courses have a positive and powerful role in improving the quality of teaching. However, teachers and students agree that the overall teaching experience and learning effect of online courses are inferior to offline, so the traditional offline courses or the mixation of online and offline modes are tended for teaching.Conclusions: The effective and proper use of online education in stomatology can help improve teaching effect significantly, but it is impossible to replace the traditional classroom. In the future, with the addition of online teaching, stomatological education could adopt a new mode of the combination of online and offline teaching as well as the integration of inside and outside the classroom.
Respectful Delivery Care and Associated Factors Among Mothers Delivered in Debre Berhan Town Public Health Facilities, Ethiopia&nbsp;
Authors: Wubetu Yonas Azanaw , Sharew Nigussie Tadesse , Mohammed Osman Yimer 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: In Ethiopia despite many interventions, 74% of mothers are delivered outside of health facilities. The gap between institutional delivery (26%) and antenatal care booked women (62%) is huge. Even if, respectful delivery care is the best and key strategy to increase institutional delivery, little is known about the implementation. The objective of this study was to assess the proportion and associated factors of respectful delivery care among mothers delivered in Debre Berhan town public health facilities, Ethiopia, 2019.Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 413 consecutively selected mothers delivered in Debre Berhan town public health facilities from November 15 to December 30, 2019. Pretested structured interview-administered questionnaire was used. Respectful delivery care was assessed using twenty dichotomous items. Mothers who were reported yes for all of the items were considered to have received respectful maternity care. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and bivariable and multivariable logistic analyses were computed by using SPSS version 25 software. The Adjusted Odds ratio along with a 95% confidence interval was used to assess the magnitude and direction of the association. A statistically significant association was declared at a P-value of less than 0.05.Result: The proportion of respectful delivery care in this study was 35.7% (95% CI: 31%, 40.3%). Day time delivery [AOR=2.48; 95% CI (1.55, 3.99)], secondary or more educated mothers [AOR= 3.59; 95% CI (1.53, 8.42)], having a companion during delivery care [AOR=2.45; 95% CI (1.47, 4.07)], and Antenatal care visits [AOR= 2.54; 95% CI (1.60, 4.01)] were the significantly associated factors. Conclusion: The proportion of respectful delivery care in this study is low. Hence, health administrators and health workers should allow mothers to have a companion during delivery care. Furthermore, improve antenatal care visits and education has to be the direction of the health administration and education sectors.