bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is Ageism? Do Our Measures Tell Us?
Authors: Lee Jerin , Wilson Jenna , Ebert Alexandria , Shook Natalie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ageism has been operationalized in a number of ways over the past half century, and several measures of ageism have been developed to reflect these conceptualizations. This presentation evaluates the extent to which existing ageism measures capture similar or different aspects of ageism. We examined the construct validity of several ageism measures in a sample of 473 undergraduate students (Mage = 19.5 years). Participants completed an online survey of ageism measures, as well as measures of convergent (e.g., aging semantic differentials, attitudes toward various age groups) and discriminant validity (e.g., social dominance orientation, attitudes toward other social groups, sexism). Ageism measures were generally positively associated with one another, though correlations were mostly weak to moderate in magnitude. There was also weak evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. These findings demonstrate conceptual problems with current ageism measures as they do not appear to reflect a common construct.
Challenges Associated With the Assessment of Exposure to Ageism
Authors: Ayalon Liat 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ageism is defined as stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination towards people of any age. Ageism can be both positive and negative. In order for an individual to report exposure to ageism, several steps should occur: the individual has to notice the events, interpret them as ageist and report exposure to ageism. Any of these steps may go awry along the way. This presentation uses data from the European Social Survey and the Health and Retirement Study to illustrate the importance of item placement, item phrasing and respondent’s mood in responding to items concerning perceived exposure to ageism. A strong priming effect demonstrated a gap between reports of perceived exposure within the ageism module (33.7%) vs. reports within the neutral context (1.1%). A cross-lagged analyses revealed that one’s depressive symptoms are predictive of perceived exposure to ageism and not the other way around. Findings illustrate the importance of the context effect.
Diversity Matters for Health: Activity Diversity, Emodiversity, Stressor Diversity, and Happyversity
Authors: Lee Soomi , Urban-Wojcik Emily , Almeida David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aging theories suggest that diversity of experiences relates to social integration, cognitive reserve, and more psychological resources, all of which are important for successful aging. However, age-related declines may contribute to a monotonous daily life. Emerging studies suggest that activity diversity and positive emotional diversity are associated with better health; yet, we still know little about how a variety of diverse lifestyle indicators are associated with health in adulthood. This symposium showcases contemporary endeavors towards understanding how multiple diversity indicators of adult lifestyle relate to health. Paper 1 examines activity diversity (breadth and evenness of daily activity participation) and tests its associations with overall and nightly sleep health. Paper 2 investigates the relationship between activity diversity and hippocampus volume. Paper 3 examines whether there are age-related differences in the extent to which positive emodiversity attenuates the association between stress and depressive symptoms. Paper 4 examines stressor diversity and how it is associated with blood pressure across age and SES. Paper 5 introduces a novel concept of happyversity (diversity in life satisfaction across different domains) and tests its association with terminal decline. These papers use different project datasets that include different populations of middle-aged and older adults, such as the Midlife in the United States Study, Intraindividual Study of Affect, Health and Interpersonal Behavior, Study of Health and Interactions in the Natural Environment, and German Socioeconomic Panel Study. At the end of these presentations, Dr. Almeida will discuss their theoretical and methodological contributions, and consider challenges and opportunities for future research.
Characteristics of the True Believer in Later Life
Authors: Jones Shannon , Prusak Austin , Wigton Rennae , Futterman Andrew 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study describes the nature, causes, and outcomes of steadfast, unquestioned “true” belief in later life (Hoffer, 1950). According to some theorists, such “true” belief develops from more childish, extrinsically-motivated, compartmentalized beliefs and behaviors to become more mature, intrinsically-motivated, comprehensive and integrated beliefs and behaviors (e.g., Allport, 1950). Research, however, is equivocal regarding the validity of this position. From “grounded-theory” analysis of a sample of 278 semi-structured interviews of older adults from six New England states and New York (aged 55-101 years-old.), we demonstrate the need for a more nuanced definition of a “true” belief as a form of religiousness without commitment to rigid orthodoxy. For example, a sizable segment of this sample changed religious denominations over the course of their lives without ever doubting the presence of a diety (i.e., a God, a Higher Power, etc.), but who dramatically changed the way they expressed this belief. This prompts a reconceptualization of “true” belief by Hoffer and a more nuanced understanding of religious development than implied by Allport, one that more adequately accounts for individual differences in life experiences, personality, religious upbringing, and religious cultural expectations. We discuss these findings in light of recent research by Wink and Dillon (2002, 2008).
Longitudinal Effects of Becoming a Family Caregiver: The Caregiving Transitions Study
Authors: Roth David , Zarit Steven 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Taking on caregiving responsibilities for older adult family members with disabilities is often considered to be a highly stressful experience that may adversely affect the health of caregivers. However, the vast majority of studies in this area compare existing samples of caregivers with questionably matched non-caregiving controls. In this symposium, we will present findings for a population-based sample of persons who became family caregivers while participating in a longitudinal epidemiological study. Changes in health and well-being are compared between these caregivers and non-caregiving control participants who were matched on multiple demographic and pre-caregiving health history variables. All persons enrolled as caregivers were providing sustained and substantial caregiving assistance. Presentations will include 1) a descriptive overview of the screening, eligibility, and enrollment methods used to construct these unique, population-based samples; 2) comparisons of within-person changes on measures of self-reported health and well-being for dementia and non-dementia caregivers; 3) changes in the caregivers’ social networks, social engagement, and leisure time activities; 4) comparisons of longitudinal changes on circulating inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., IL-6, CRP, TNF alpha receptor 1) and cellular aging (telomere length); and 5) examinations of individual differences in caregiver outcomes using a stress process model. Becoming a family caregiver can be stressful, but the opportunity to help a loved one and the related feelings of purpose and deepening family connections may also promote resilience and enhance health. These questions are far from resolved, and rigorous, prospective, population-based studies like the Caregiving Transitions Study promise to provide compelling new insights.
Late-Life Cognition and Dementia in India: New Insights From LASI-DAD
Authors: Lee Jinkook 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With more than1.35 billion people, India, the second-most populous country in the world, is soon to experience rapid aging of its population. By2050, India’s older population is projected to reach320 million (about the current size of the entire U.S. population). In this session we introduce the Longitudinal Aging Study in India – Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (LASI-DAD), a new cohort study designed to advance dementia research to better understand late-life cognition, cognitive aging, cognitive impairment, and dementia, as well as their risk and protective factors. LASI is a prospective, multi-purpose population survey of older adults aged45 and older, representative of the entire country and of each state (N~72,000). LASI-DAD is an in-depth study of late-life cognition and dementia, drawing a sub-sample of older adults aged60 and older from LASI (N~4,300). It administered the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP), which consists of a pair of in-person interviews, one with the target respondent and one with an informant nominated by the respondent. The respondent interview includes a neuropsychological test battery designed to measure a range of key cognitive domains affected by cognitive aging and Alzheimer’s Diseases. We organize the session to showcase LASI-DAD. Specifically, the session consists of four papers, including: (1) the introduction of the design and methodology, (2) the latent structure of neuropsychological test results, (3) the investigation of the relationship between visual impairment and cognition, and (4) the examination of female disadvantage in dementia and its association with cross-state variations in gender inequality.
Telegroup Visits for Caregivers and Patients With Dementia
Authors: Thielke Stephen , Fredrickson Kris 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Group visits have shown promise for caregiver support and medical management of patients with dementia. In-person visits can be challenging to schedule and complete, particularly in rural areas where there are few specialists. We describe our experience with using telehealth modalities to hold group dementia visits. For the last four years, we have held telegroup appointments with Veterans with dementia and their caregivers. A geriatric psychiatrist and geriatric social worker appear from the main facility, and the Veterans and caregivers are at remote sites. Participants have actively engaged. They have expressed that the structure allows them to support and be supported by peers, and to have frequent contact with care providers. This has led to improved care metrics. The technology requirements are minimal. We discuss the advantages of this approach, including flexibility and maximizing use of specialist resources. We address challenges to scaling up such programs.
Telehealth-Delivery of a Multicomponent Obesity Intervention in Older, Rural Adults With Obesity
Authors: Batsis John , Petersen Curtis , Al-Nimr Rima , Gooding Tyler , Cook Summer , Mackenzie Todd 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older, rural residents with obesity aged ≥65 years have reduced access to health promotion programs due to geography. We conducted a 26-week intervention of 24 older obese adults (BMI≥30kg/m2) in a geographically isolated area in Northern New England. The telemedicine delivered intervention consisted of individual, weekly, dietitian visits focusing on caloric restriction, and twice-weekly physical therapist-led group strength training classes. Participants’ age was 73.4±4.4years (79% female); pre-post assessments consisted of bioelectrical impedance-based body composition, functional measures, and satisfaction questionnaires. Feasibility was high (50% enrolled, 85% completed). Weight decreased 4.5±3.8kg (4.5±0.5%; 48% achieving ≥5%), 30s sit-to-stand improved (+3.8±4.1repetitions), as did 6-minute walk, +76.2±70.1m (all p&lt;0.001). Appendicular mass did not change (+0.20±2.3kg); % body and visceral fat both decreased (-1.8±2.8% [p=0.009], -1.2±2.7L [p=0.025]). Participants endorsed telemedicine (96%); 78% preferred a home-based study. Satisfaction was high (4.2/5) and only 17% faced difficulties. Despite geography, this intervention holds promise in improving physical function.
Gender-Specific Determinants of Instrumental Activities and Associations With Cognitive Decline in TILDA
Authors: McGarrigle Christine , Donoghue Orna A , Orr Joanna , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Detecting functional decline is critical in recognizing clinical progression into mild cognitive impairment and dementia as people age. This study aimed to investigate differences in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and associations with cognition by gender. Data are from five waves of TILDA, a nationally representative cohort of 8,175 aged ≥50 years, measured every 2 years between 2009 and 2018. IADL assessed were preparing a hot meal, doing household chores, shopping for groceries, making telephone calls, taking medications, and managing money. Cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental-State Examination (MMSE). Latent class analysis and growth mixture modelling techniques were used to identify IADL and cognitive latent classes and examine change trajectories. IADL trajectories differed by gender and were associated with cognitive decline. Functional decline discrepancies between men and women may be driven by domestic tasks within IADL which are associated with social gender roles, rather than determining differential cognitive trajectories.
No Decision About Me Without Me: International Views on Providing Care Against Someone’s Will
Authors: Bleijlevens Michel , Hamers Jan , Capezuti Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
People with cognitive impairment may experience the care provided by their caregiver(s) as unnecessary or undesirable, which is expressed by behaviors such as resisting the efforts of a caregiver or preventing the caregiver to perform or assist with ADL such as bathing, dressing and toileting. This can lead to stress, agitation and aggression for both the care recipient and the caregiver, and places the caregiver in a complex dilemma. Should the caregiver force hygiene or respect the person’s autonomy to refuse care? It is difficult for caregivers to find a balance between quality of care and safety, while accepting the person’s autonomy. Caregivers in long-term care often feel the necessity to provide care against the will of people with a cognitive impairment, including physical restraints, psychotropic medication, and non-consensual care. This symposium provides an international perspective with presenters from Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, and the Netherlands. The first presenter explores the use and factors associated with physical restraint, psychotropic medication, and non-consensual care in people with dementia receiving home care in the Netherlands and Belgium. Second, a presenter from Switzerland focuses on the prevalence of restraint use in nursing homes. The third presenter introduces an Advance Care Planning intervention from Germany that aims to ensure that personal wishes in home care are followed. The last presenter assesses the feasibility of an approach to prevent and reduce care against a person’s will in the Netherlands. To conclude, our discussant will integrate these insights and draw conclusion for policy, practice and further research. Systems Research in Long-Term Care Interest Group Sponsored Symposium
Engaging Mind, Body, and Spirit: Less Isolation Through More Stimulation With YUMMY Time
Authors: Corley Connie , Groove Spring 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Loneliness and social isolation in community-residing older adults is drawing increasing attention. Yet the needs of nursing home/assisted living residents is critical as well. Engaging professionally-trained musicians who are certified yoga instructors in providing a structured, yet flexible, program offered regularly in such settings is an innovation meriting examining what is observed as a profound experience for both older adults and care providers. Y.U.M.M.Y. Time (through music, meditation and yoga) is a paradigm created by Spring Groove (Gross) offering a unique intersection between the performance arts and the contemplative arts. We are studying the benefits of this approach combining sensory stimulation with inner engagement, with the goal to expand into community settings. As staff members note: “Although the ingredients are simple, the results are profound.” “The program is very enriching, full of great music moments, yoga and meditation to relax our residents. It is very much enjoyed by everyone!”
Through the Gerontological Looking Glass: Perspectives From Later Life
Authors: Ansello Edward 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Do dominant gerontological research and education models help us understand our own aging? “(These) seemingly made no impact on my expectations for my own late life” (Cohen, 2017). The gerontological looking glass tends to favor research and teaching that identify large patterns, populations, and research cell sizes of “sufficient” numbers to produce data about external, descriptive assessments; and are compliant with nomothetic ideology: general, universal, and consistent. Even qualitative data rely on numbers of respondents to identify themes. In contrast, idiographic ideology emphasizes the individual and unique. While not meant to yield general findings, neither does it produce the incompleteness of descriptive statistical approaches, i.e., trying to capture the external persona. As human aging is both inherently universal and profoundly individual, one is likely to appreciate idiographic gerontology with awareness of one’s own aging. Various complementary perspectives—including humanistic gerontology, positive and conscious aging, and the curriculum palette—are relevant.
Approaches to Anti-Ageism Interventions
Authors: Gendron Tracey , Inker Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ageism, a multidimensional construct, is also understood as a relational process whereby perceptions and behaviors toward older individuals by younger individuals not only damage the self-esteem of elders, but also create a hostile environment for their own future social interactions and their own future self-development as elders. Anti-ageism interventions have the hefty task of improving attitudes and behaviors toward aging within all of these contexts. This presentation will discuss findings from two different anti-ageism interventions both designed to mitigate the negative impacts of ageism. Results from a study on an intergenerational arts-based program found that after participation students demonstrated a positive change in their attitudes toward older adults. Findings from a video-based ageism intervention among a sample of 265 staff members in 15 senior living communities demonstrated decreased internalized aging anxiety as well as decreased ageist behaviors directly after the training and at three month post follow-up. Given the complex and systemic nature of ageism, diversity is necessary in scope and type of intervention in order to reach the broadest audience.
Why Age Matters: The Importance of Historical Context in the Study of Minority Stress in Sexual Minorities
Authors: Vale Michael , Bisconti Toni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Currently, there is support that links experiences of stigma/discrimination, known as minority stress, with depressive symptomatology in older sexual minorities (OSM). Yet, the context of cohort is ignored, despite OSM having been exposed to greater stigma across their lifetime. The current project explores how cohort informs the minority stress process by comparing three minority stressors and their relationships with depressive symptomatology across a younger (18-39, N=129) and older sample (40-80, N=104). It was found that OSM had significantly less overall stress, had different significant links between each stressor and depressive symptomatology, and significantly used social support to buffer stress contrasting their younger counterparts. These results highlight the need to consider cohort and discover why OSM are more resilient to minority stress. Considering the role of cohort improves aging and minority stress theories, is useful for professionals improving well-being in OSM, and informs our understanding of the lived experiences of OSM. Part of a symposium sponsored by Rainbow Research Group Interest Group.
Bridging the Gap in Quality Among High Medicaid Nursing Homes: The Role of Management and Community Factors
Authors: Weech-Maldonado Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nursing home quality has been a matter of long-standing policy interest at the federal and state level, as it concerns the health and well-being of one of our most vulnerable populations. Mor et al. (2004) described the nursing home industry as a ‘two-tiered’ system, with the lower-tier nursing homes operating in a resource-constrained environment given their high proportion of Medicaid residents (85% or higher). Medicaid is the largest payer of nursing homes but its reimbursement rates typically lag Medicare as well as private pay. Lower tier facilities are characterized by lower professional staffing and occupancy rates, and worse quality. Such facilities have a higher proportion of minority residents and are generally located in communities with significant proportions of poor and minority residents, exacerbating the existing disparities in nursing home care. However, there are performance variations among high Medicaid nursing homes, with some facilities performing significantly better than others on both quality and financial performance. What may explain the superior performance of certain nursing homes that are operating in a similarly resource-constrained environment? Factors, such as management resources and environmental resource availability, may be the critically important differentiators. The purpose of this symposium is to examine the organizational/management and community factors that may be associated with high-performance among a similar group of resource-constrained nursing homes. Using survey, secondary, and qualitative data analysis, this symposium will explore the role that culture change, leadership style, human resource management practices, knowledge management, and community factors can have on nursing home performance.
The Impact of Leadership Styles on Quality and Financial Performance in High Medicaid Nursing Homes
Authors: Lord Justin , Ghiasi Akbar , Davlyatov Ganisher , Weech-Maldonado Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study examined the association between leadership styles (autocrat, consultative autocrat, consensus manager, and shareholder manager) and resident quality and financial performance in under-resourced nursing homes. Survey data from 391 Directors of Nursing were merged with secondary data from LTCFocus, Area Health Resource File, Medicare Cost Reports, and Nursing Home Compare. Two multivariate regressions were used to model the relationship between leadership styles and the dependent variables: nursing home star ratings (1-5) and operating margin. The independent variables were composite scores for leadership styles, while control variables included organizational and county-level factors. Results show that compared to autocratic leadership, the consultative autocrat (solicits feedback but has total authority) was associated with lower quality (p &lt; 0.05), while the consensus manager (delegates authority to the group) was associated with lower profit margin (p &lt; 0.05). Under-resourced facilities need to recognize trade-offs of different decision making styles for performance.