bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is Social in Communicating
Authors: Arundale Robert B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Conjoint Co-constituting Model and Face Constituting Theory rest on nine assumptive commitments, three of which are central to Communicating & Relating’s departures from other accounts of communication and relationships. First, what is social and what is individual in human life are linked in a yin/yang dialectic. Neither can be privileged over the other in an account of human communicating. Second, human social systems are non-additive, emergent, and interactively organized as persons communicate with one another. Social systems are not additive aggregates of what is individual. Third, communicating is sequential interaction that generates non-additive systemic interdependence among persons, as evidenced in examining an episode of everyday interacting. The assumptive commitments are basic to Communicating & Relating’s departures from commonly held positions.
The Conjoint Co-constituting Model of Communicating
Authors: Arundale Robert B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChapter 3 introduces a fourth commitment regarding temporal sequence, and a number of essential concepts, including Communicating & Relating’s key distinction between provisional and operative interpretings. The Conjoint Co-constituting Model is framed from the perspective of the participants, as an account of how human communicating generates the non-additive properties that characterize social systems. The conjoint co-constituting conceptualization of communication departs from the closely related interactional achievement conceptualization because the latter does not account for non-additivity. Conjointly co-constituting operative interpretings of action and meaning of everyday talk and conduct does not create “intersubjectivity.” The basic triadic or three-position organization of conjoint co-constituting finds empirical support in a range of studies of everyday interacting, and is key to distinguishing between “communicating” and “communication.”
Conjointly Co-constituting the Social and the Individual in Communicating
Authors: Arundale Robert B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChapter 5 extends the focus on what is individual in communicating by examining how conjointly co-constituting operative interpretings is essential in generating commonality and difference in an individual’s resources for interacting, as is apparent in examining an episode of everyday interacting. The chapter also extends the focus on what is social in communicating by examining how, in recurrently engaging their system-specific resources for interacting, participants interactively organize large, stable social systems like organizations and cultures. Two new assumptive commitments capture how conjoint co-constituting is linked reflexively with what is social, and with what is individual. Conjoint co-constituting is essential to human sociality, but it is also essential to human individuality, as in the final commitment that the embodied individual systems that are human beings also emerge in conjoint co-constituting.
Conjoint Co-constituting’s Implications
Authors: Arundale Robert B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCommunicating & Relating’s account of social systems defines “non-reductive interactionism” (versus “interactional reductionism”) because it rejects not only the common assumption that what is social is separate from what is individual, but also the assumptions that what is social and what is individual can be reduced to interaction. Non-reductive interactionism has implications for conceptualizing and for grounding accounts of human sociality, and for employing key concepts like communities of practice, accountability, choice, the moral order, artifacts, agency, and scripts. Conjoint co-constituting also has implications in choosing conversation analysis as a key conceptual framework, and in focusing on the participant’s perspective in accounting for human communicating. Chapter 6 offers an ethical basis for comparing conceptual frameworks, and employs it in select comparisons with prior accounts of communication.
Conjointly Co-constituting Relating
Authors: Arundale Robert B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFollowing Baxter and Montgomery’s (1996) Relational Dialectics Theory, relationships and relating are productively characterized as two or more participants engaged in both connecting with and separating from one another in everyday interacting, where connecting and separating form a yin/yang dialectic. Relating is endogenous to human communicating because conjointly co-constituting turns, actions, and meanings always involves two or more persons, who are perforce situated in relationship to one another in some way. Communicating & Relating offers a distinct account of human relating as the participant’s conjoint co-constituting of operative interpretings of connection with and separation from one another in everyday sequential interaction, as is apparent in comparing Communicating & Relating’s account with alternative accounts of relationships.
Face Constituting Theory
Authors: Arundale Robert B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConnection with and separation from one another is a productive alternative conceptualization of what is known cross-culturally and in the social sciences as “face.” It follows that conceptualizing relating as conjointly co-constituting operative interpretings of both connection and separation is equivalent to conceptualizing relating as conjointly co-constituting face. Constituting connection with and separation from one another is a viable culture-general conceptualization of face, as apparent in considering the culture-specific construals of the dialectic in several cultural groups. Chapter 8 provides a formal statement of Face Constituting Theory, and against that background examines how researchers go about “finding face” in social practices in everyday interacting, compares the theory with six prior accounts of face, and considers participants’ evaluations of their interpretings of relating and face, of threat, and of im/politeness.
Researching Relating and Face in Everyday Interacting
Authors: Arundale Robert B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne’s conceptual framework enables and constrains the procedures of observing, generating data, producing evidence, and interpreting results in empirical inquiry. Chapter 10 examines how the Conjoint Co-constituting Model of Communicating and Face Constituting Theory enable and constrain one’s methodological choices in inquiry, such choices having important entailments for ethical conduct in research that employs these conceptual frameworks. The chapter develops requirements for current and possible new methods that are both compatible with the underlying assumptive commitments, and capable of producing the evidence needed to warrant interpretations regarding communicating, relating, and face. An overview of types of data in the social sciences leads to a formal description of the data required to warrant interpretations in terms of conjoint co-constituting.
Conjoint Co-constituting, Constituting Face, and Future Research
Authors: Arundale Robert B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCommunicating & Relating’s account departs from other accounts: it offers a new, empirically grounded model of human communicating in everyday talk and conduct, as the emergent processes that generate non-additive social systems, in which what is individual is enmeshed dialectically with what is social. These three departures provide the bases for a fourth departure: a new theory of human relating as persons constituting face as they engage social practices in connecting with and separating from one another in everyday interacting. Chapter 11 examines what is entirely new in Communicating & Relating, with no counterpart, what has been reframed, what has been avoided or eliminated, and what can be done and needs to be done in future research.
Structure of the Text
Authors: Brereton Joel P. , Jamison Stephanie W. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter treats the remarkably systematic structure and arrangement of the text. This systematicity testifies to the authority of a central organizing body overseeing the collection of the hymns from the separate bardic families and the arrangement of each collection on a similar template. The existence of such an authority suggests a significant change in the sociopolitical situation in the period following the period of composition, from a loose network of clans each with its own poetic lineage and ritual practice, to a central political force aiming to consolidate the clans and produce a uniform religious system. It also treats the later transmission of the Ṛgveda, which remained entirely oral for several millennia, even after writing was introduced. Because of the perceived holiness and “revealed” nature of the text (a category known as śruti), the transmission focused on preserving the exact verbal form of the text, even when some of it ceased to be understood.
The Business of Love and Sex
Authors: Hatfield Elaine , Rapson Richard L. , Purvis Jeanette 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Any time a new form of communication appears—from the penny dreadfuls to Morse code and the telegraph, skywriting, the wireless radio, TV, or iPads and computers—men and women find creative ways to use that technology to find love and sexual partners. This chapter discusses the evolution of modern-day matchmaking services. Topics addressed include computer matching, online dating, popular dating sites, dating apps, and the dangers as well as the advantages of matching. The chapter also discusses online dating personal profiles, qualities to look for in a mate, and matches made via DNA and immunological sampling. A list of various matchmaking websites and phone apps is also provided.
Introduction
Authors: Haw Richard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A young German emigrant sets sail across the Atlantic Ocean toward the United States. He dreams of his new adoptive land, where he understands that success will depend upon him casting off the old and embracing the new. Luckily, his life up to this point has prepared him for this. Despite coming from a provincial backwater, he has embraced the modern world and seeks to establish his place in it. His life is reviewed as is the main themes of the book that is to follow: the need for order, harmony and balance amid a shifting world; a somewhat contradictory commitment to freedom; a genius and a visionary who was strangely attracted to fads and foolish trends.
Berlin and the Culture of Revolution (1824–25)
Authors: Haw Richard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In Berlin, John came face to face with the Industrial Revolution. At the Building Academy, he took courses in a variety of subjects, most importantly on fledgling art and science of suspension bridge engineering. He was hooked, and he ended the year as one of the Building Academy’s best students. He also signed up for G. W. F. Hegel’s lectures on logic, and the experience transformed him. Hegel’s ideas helped form a system that embraced and explained the seemingly chaotic reality unfolding all over Europe. In Berlin, John shed his provincial outlook and his religiosity and embraced reason; following Hegel’s lead, he started to think for himself. Suffused with this spirit, he left Berlin to get some practical experience building roads and bridges in the Prussian province of Westphalia. He never returned to Berlin.
Making Wire Rope and the Wire Rope Industry (1840–48)
Authors: Haw Richard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
After missing out on the Schuylkill Bridge contract, John turned his attention to manufacturing wire rope, an entirely new idea in the United States. John undertook an extensive campaign to have his ropes adopted on the Allegheny Portage Railroad. The effort had John recruiting advocates, dodging political shenanigans, fixing technical hitches, and marching up and down the Allegheny Mountains, and his efforts were successful. Slowly, as each new rope met the demands of the mountain, more and more of the inclines switched over and started to use John’s ropes, as did others in the haulage business. John’s successes made him rich and led to the establishment of the American wire rope industry, in the process helping drag elevators up and down new tall buildings; pull funiculars up steep hills; power rigs, derricks, and cranes all over the nation; hold up suspension bridges of prodigious length; and drive mass transit cable car systems all over the United States.
Rebuilding Pittsburgh (1845–46)
Authors: Haw Richard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Great Fire of Pittsburgh devastated the city, in the process consuming the old wooden Smithfield Street Bridge, leaving only the piers in the river. With John already at work on a similar structure across the river, and with the city desperate to rebuild, John received the contract to rebuild the Monongahela crossing almost immediately. His Allegheny Aqueduct was opened afterward to universal acclaim, after which he retreated to Saxonburg to recuperate and plunged wholeheartedly into his next big obsession: the water cure. Despite devoting much of his life to science, John was always distrustful of doctors and traditional medicine, and he relied increasingly on his own theories and practices, many of which we would now call deluded at best. Thankfully, John soon returned to what he was undoubtedly good at and set about rebuilding the Monongahela Bridge. Again, the effort was immense and the results spectacular. The bridge was finished and opened the following spring, by which time John was widely acknowledged as one of the foremost suspension bridge engineers in the world.
Finding Belonging
Authors: Cassidy Parker Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines adolescent experiences of belonging through musical engagement. Adolescent belonging includes three key ingredients: experiencing relational bonding and attachment to key individuals who support one’s music-making, feeling responsible to others for one’s role or roles in musical groups, and being provided opportunities to make music in ways that elevate a shared experience with others. At the end of the chapter, Peter Benson’s developmental assets is introduced, and the reader is encouraged to complete two developmental assets exercises to locate external assets and asset pathways that can foster adolescents’ sense of belonging in the musicking contexts with which they engage.
Emerging Leadership and Giving Back
Authors: Cassidy Parker Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 8 focuses how on adolescents described their futures with special attention to adolescent perspectives on leadership. The reader is introduced to three interweaving and interdependent themes, namely, (1) embracing compassion and care for others, (2) giving back to communities, and (3) reaching out to change the world. Susan Komives’s relational leadership model is presented as a framework for building adolescent leaders. Discussion topics include fostering purpose, valuing difference, empowering ownership, and valuing work with others. The chapter highlights the significance of hope and the importance of educators in building up critical hope in students. The chapter ends with a discussion of adolescent exploration and access.
China's Western Horizon
Authors: Markey Daniel S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This book explains how China’s new foreign policies like the vaunted “Belt and Road” Initiative are being shaped by local and regional politics outside China and assesses the political implications of these developments for Eurasia and the United States. It depicts the ways that President Xi Jinping’s China is zealously transforming its national wealth and economic power into tools of global political influence and details these developments in South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East. Drawing from extensive interviews, travels, and historical research, it describes how perceptions of China vary widely within states like Pakistan, Kazakhstan, and Iran. Eurasia’s powerful and privileged groups often expect to profit from their connections to China, while others fear commercial and political losses. Similarly, statesmen across Eurasia are scrambling to harness China’s energy purchases, arms sales, and infrastructure investments as a means to outdo their strategic competitors, like India and Saudi Arabia, while negotiating relations with Russia and America. The book finds that, on balance, China’s deepening involvement will play to the advantage of regional strongmen and exacerbate the political tensions within and among Eurasian states. To make the most of America’s limited influence along China’s western horizon (and elsewhere), it argues that US policymakers should pursue a selective and localized strategy to serve America’s aims in Eurasia and to better compete with China over the long run.
Beijing’s Global Aspirations
Authors: Markey Daniel S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter explains the historical wellsprings and national interests that motivate China’s increasingly ambitious global policies including the Belt and Road Initiative. It discusses how Chinese security concerns, especially those related to Xinjiang, along with broader strategic aims lead Beijing to play a greater role in continental Eurasia. There China’s involvement tends to start with economic and trade relations, but in recent years (and especially under the leadership of President Xi Jinping), China has moved from “keeping a low profile” to “striving for achievement” in ways that stray from “non-interference.” To accomplish its global aims, China is developing new tools of economic statecraft, security, and diplomacy. These are described in detail, including the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the China International Development Cooperation Agency, a modernized military with greater power projection capabilities, the port facility in Djibouti, private security contractors, the China Global Television Network, and new technologies for political repression.
US-China Competition in Eurasia
Authors: Markey Daniel S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the interplay between China and South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East, then assesses the geopolitical implications for America, and offers recommendations for US policy. Marshalling evidence from previous chapters, it shows that anticipating the political consequences of China’s overseas activities in any particular instance requires an appreciation of the other state’s preexisting domestic political-economic conditions and geopolitical relationships. It finds that across Eurasia, China’s involvement tends to undercut healthy pressure for economic and political reform within states and appears to be exacerbating or rekindling tensions among them. The chapter evaluates current US policy in the context of global competition with China and identifies a range of strategies for Eurasia, including “benign neglect,” “peaceful accommodation,” “critical publicity,” “selective competition,” and “militarized competition.” To make the most of America’s limited influence, it argues that US policymakers should pursue a selective and localized strategy in Eurasia.
Liberating Cities from Cars
Authors: Fitzgerald Joan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter begins with a range of actions cities can pursue to deprioritize cars while making room on their streets for transit, cyclists, and walkers. It then describes how these strategies work in greenovating cities. The chapter presents the case of Oslo, which is moving toward a car-free downtown. It then looks at three American cases that illuminate the technical, political, and cultural barriers to deprioritizing cars. Efforts in Seattle illustrate that even in a liberal city committed to climate action, deprioritizing cars is painful and politically charged. Nashville’s two failed ballot initiatives to fund transit infrastructure reveal the challenges many cities will face in trying to introduce public transit. Finally, Salt Lake City has been successful in implementing transit. With broad public support and constraints caused by mountains and lakes, Salt Lake City has been able to forge new transit links to reduce congestion.
Who's the Bigot?
Authors: McClain Linda C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Charges, denials, and countercharges of bigotry are increasingly frequent in the United States. Bigotry is a fraught and contested term, evident from the rejoinder that calling out bigotry is political correctness. That is so even though renouncing—and denouncing—bigotry seems to be a shared political value with a long history. Identifying, responding to, and preventing bigotry have engaged the efforts of many people. People disagree, however, over who is a bigot and what makes a belief, attitude, or action bigoted. This book argues that bigotry has both a backward- and forward-looking dimension. We learn bigotry’s meaning by looking to the past, but bigotry also has an important forward-looking dimension. Past examples of bigotry on which there is consensus become the basis for prospective judgments about analogous forms of bigotry. The rhetoric of bigotry—how people use such words as “bigot,” “bigoted,” and “bigotry”—poses puzzles that urgently demand attention. Those include whether bigotry concerns the motivation for or the content of a belief or action; whether reasonableness is a defense to charges of bigotry; whether the bigot is a distinct type, or whether we are all a bit bigoted; and whether “bigotry” is the term society gives to beliefs that now are beyond the pale. This book addresses those puzzles by examining prior controversies over interfaith and interracial marriage and the recent controversy over same-sex marriage, as well as controversies over landmark civil rights law and more recent conflicts between religious liberty and state anti-discrimination laws protecting LGBTQ persons.
Putting the Question in Perspective
Authors: Purves Dale 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Basic to the question of whether or not the brain and the rest of the human nervous system have a simple operating principle are some central facts about biology and its relation to neuroscience. What nervous systems do is best appreciated in the context of what all organisms must accomplish in order to survive and prosper, with or without neural assistance. Although the author’s understanding of these issues is no more than that of any other student who pays a modicum of attention to the broader sweep of scientific progress, this chapter considers some points of consensus. The aim is to situate the quest for a principle of neural function in the context of biology writ large.
Organisms With Nervous Systems
Authors: Purves Dale 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Definitions of the term “animals” in dictionaries and textbooks are surprisingly vague. The characteristics usually mentioned are eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, sexually reproducing, and capable of rapid and independent movement. But some or all of these properties are characteristic of many organisms in the other kingdoms of life on Earth. In fact, the major distinguishing feature of animals in most cases is the presence of a nervous system. But if nervous systems are indeed one of the main attributes that distinguish organisms in the animal kingdom, what exactly are nervous systems and what advantages do they bring? Without at least some provisional answers, seeking the operating principle of neural systems would be futile.