bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between conventional and piezocision-assisted orthodontics in relieving anterior crowding: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Afzal Erum , Fida Mubassar , Malik Durre Shahwar , Irfan Sarah , Gul Meisha 
Published: July 2020

Summary

Background
Prolonged duration of orthodontic treatment is of great concern and poses risks to the teeth and surrounding tissues. Orthodontic tooth movement can be accelerated by introducing regional insult. Evidence suggests piezocision to be minimally invasive and clinically effective.

Objective
The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of conventional and piezocision-assisted orthodontics in relieving anterior crowding.

Search methods
Electronic and manual searches were conducted in databases including PubMed, Dental and Oral Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials until April 2019.

Selection criteria
Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials were included.

Data collection and analysis
Data were extracted independently by two authors from the studies that fulfilled inclusion criteria. The primary outcome assessed was time required for the alleviation of crowding. The secondary outcomes evaluated were pain, root resorption, and periodontal health. The risk of bias in the clinical trials was evaluated according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. Studies having homogenous data were included in the meta-analysis using the RevMan software.

Results
Initial search yielded 3018 studies with eight articles meeting the inclusion criteria, six were randomized controlled trials and two were non-randomized controlled trials. Significant differences were found in alignment time between conventional and piezocision-assisted orthodontic treatment. However, gingival health, pain experienced by the patient, and root resorption showed non-significant differences. The forest plot of meta-analysis depicted significant mean difference of −46.44; 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) −87.95, −4.93; P ≤ 0.03 in the alignment time. Difference in pain levels was found to be non-significant (P = 0.78).

Limitations
There is a shortage of high-quality randomized controlled trials with a limited sample size and lack of standardization of piezocision protocol.

Conclusions and implications
According to the existing evidence, piezocision is effective in reducing tooth alignment time and alleviating crowding when compared to conventional therapy. Pain levels showed insignificant differences revealed in meta-analysis. Weak evidence suggests that there are no negative effects on periodontal health and root resorption after performing piezocision.

Registration
PROSPERO (CRD42019134398).
Post-procedural radial artery occlusion and patency detection using duplex ultrasound vs. the reverse Barbeau test
Authors: Jirous Stepan , Bernat Ivo , Slezak David , Miklik Roman , Rokyta Richard 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The transradial approach is recommended as a first choice in coronary catheterizations and interventions, for among other reasons, the reduction in the number of local complications. A head-to-head comparison of the reverse Barbeau test (RBT) and duplex ultrasonography (DUSG) for the detection of post-procedural radial artery patency and occlusion has not yet been evaluated. In 500 patients from our same-day discharge program (age 65 ± 9.4 years, 148 women), radial artery patency and occlusion, compression time, haematomas, and other local complications were evaluated. Radial artery patency was confirmed in 495 patients (99.0%), and complete radial artery occlusion (RAO) was detected in 2 (0.4%) patients using both methods. In 3 patients (0.6%), the RBT was negative, while incomplete RAO was detected by DUSG. Superficial haematomas (˃ 5 but ≤10 cm) were found in 27 (5.4%) patients. There were no other local complications. Detection of radial artery patency and occlusion using the RBT and DUSG was comparable. The incidence of RAO in our study was extremely low. Thanks to its simplicity, the RBT has the potential to be used as the first method of detection of radial occlusion after coronary catheterizations.
Judicial diplomacy: dealing with defectors and conspirators after the French Wars of Religion (1598–1610)
Authors: Micallef Fabrice 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article examines the cooperation that took place between Henri IV’s monarchy and neighbouring powers to monitor and deal with the defectors and conspirators who fled France following the Wars of Religion. In the political and legal culture of the time, intergovernmental cooperation in judicial matters was seen as an obligation between friendly princes. Powers allied to France, such as England, Lorraine, Venice, Tuscany or the Papacy, shared an interest in this form of cooperation, and this generated a vast European network of information-sharing dealing with fugitives from France, a network that mobilized diplomatic channels, but also relied upon the initiative of non-governmental actors. Friendly powers also agreed to extradite opponents to Henri IV under variable arrangements. Alongside diplomats, governors, officers and local magistrates played an important role in these practices. This cooperation, however, was also enveloped in ambiguities, misunderstandings and tensions.
Estimation Without Representation: Early Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seroprevalence Studies and the Path Forward
Authors: Shook-Sa Bonnie E , Boyce Ross M , Aiello Allison E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The recent development and regulatory approval of a variety of serological assays indicating the presence of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to rapid and widespread implementation of seroprevalence studies. Accurate estimates of seroprevalence are needed to model transmission dynamics and estimate mortality rates. Furthermore, seroprevalence levels in a population help guide policy surrounding reopening efforts. The literature to date has focused heavily on issues surrounding the quality of seroprevalence tests and less on the sampling methods that ultimately drive the representativeness of resulting estimates. Seroprevalence studies based on convenience samples are being reported widely and extrapolated to larger populations for the estimation of total coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, comparisons of prevalence across geographic regions, and estimation of mortality rates. In this viewpoint, we discuss the pitfalls that can arise with the use of convenience samples and offer guidance for moving towards more representative and timely population estimates of COVID-19 seroprevalence.
Applying a Selection Experiment to Test for Fitness Costs of Bt Resistance in Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the Effect of Density on Fitness Costs
Authors: St. Clair Coy R , Clifton Eric H , Dunbar Mike W , Masloski Kenneth E , Paolino Aubrey R , Shrestha Ram B , Gassmann Aaron J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is a serious pest of corn and is often managed with transgenic corn producing insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). This pest has developed field-evolved resistance to all commercially available Bt traits, beginning with Cry3Bb1 in 2009. Fitness costs may accompany Bt resistance, where individuals with alleles for Bt resistance have reduced fitness on non-Bt corn compared to Bt-susceptible individuals. In conjunction with non-Bt refuges, fitness costs can delay the evolution of Bt resistance. Importantly, ecological factors may affect the presence and magnitude of fitness costs. For western corn rootworm, available data suggest that fitness costs of Bt resistance may be present in some cases. Using two Cry3Bb1-resistant western corn rootworm strains (Hopkinton and Cresco), a fitness-cost experiment was performed by rearing rootworm in the absence of Bt for six generations to test for fitness costs of Cry3Bb1 resistance and the effect of larval rearing density on fitness costs. Fitness costs were detected for both strains; however, strains were still resistant to Cry3Bb1 corn at the end of the experiment. Cresco experienced a greater loss of resistance at low versus high density, but no effect of density was detected in Hopkinton. Our study shows that fitness costs can accompany Bt resistance in western corn rootworm and may be more pronounced under low larval density. Even though fitness costs were present, it appears that rootworm populations may remain resistant to Cry3Bb1 corn for years after resistance has evolved.
Position optimisation for a roadway under small coal mines in same coal seam: a case study
Authors: Tai Yang , Lu Guozhi , Xia Hongchun , Zhang Wenyang , Liu Hongjie , Zhang Yanqun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccording to the failure law of the 1070 main roadway, this paper proposes a reasonable position for large section roadways under small coal mines and a design for seven roadway positions. RS2 software was used to establish a numerical model to select a reasonable position for the roadway. The influences of roadway positions on roof separation amount, roof subsidence, lateral displacement on the ribs, vertical stress on ribs and roadway failure areas were revealed. On the basis of influence laws, reasonable positions for the roadway could be determined. In this study, a center distance of 5 m was deemed a reasonable position. Finally, an industrial test was conducted at the original roadway. The experimental results indicate that the deformation of the roadway could be well controlled and the roadway position is reasonable.
Acute Exercise Induced Compartment Syndrome in an 22-Year-Old Active-Duty Man and Review of the Literature
Authors: Guenther Timothy M , Sherazee Elan A , Curtis Bryan C , Riojas Ramon A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcute exercise induced compartment syndrome is a rare clinical diagnosis with serious long-term ramifications if not diagnosed in a timely fashion. We present a case of acute exercise induced compartment syndrome of the right lower extremity in a 22-year-old active-duty man that occurred during a physical fitness assessment. He was treated with a two incision four compartment fasciotomy, however required debridement of muscle from the anterior compartment on subsequent washouts of the wound that led to significant foot drop postoperatively. We reviewed the literature for published cases of acute exercise induced compartment syndrome and provide some information from the 47 patients identified in our review. This case highlights a unique pathology for which military providers should have a strong index of suspicion. It additionally stresses the importance of adequate hydration and musculoskeletal conditioning in the setting of military fitness assessments.
Evaluating Candida albicans biofilm formation in silkworms
Authors: Matsumoto Yasuhiko , Kurakado, Sanae , Sugita Takashi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Candida albicans is a pathogenic fungus that causes deep mycosis in immunocompromised patients and forms a biofilm on catheter surfaces. Here we showed that C. albicans infection of silkworms led to biofilm formation on the surface of polyurethane fibers, a catheter substrate material, while inside the silkworm body. Silkworms inserted with polyurethane fibers survived for at least 48 hours. When silkworms inserted with polyurethane fibers were subsequently infected with C. albicans, biofilm formed on the surface of the polyurethane fiber within 24 hours in the silkworm body. These results suggest that silkworms can be used to evaluate C. albicans biofilm formation.
The Magellanic Edges Survey I: Description and first results
Authors: Cullinane L R , Mackey A D , Da Costa G S , Koposov S E , Belokurov V , Erkal D , Koch A , Kunder A , Nataf D M 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We present an overview of, and first science results from, the Magellanic Edges Survey (MagES), an ongoing spectroscopic survey mapping the kinematics of red clump and red giant branch stars in the highly substructured periphery of the Magellanic Clouds. In conjunction with Gaia astrometry, MagES yields a sample of ~7000 stars with individual 3D velocities that probes larger galactocentric radii than most previous studies. We outline our target selection, observation strategy, data reduction, and analysis procedures, and present results for two fields in the northern outskirts (&gt;10° on-sky from the centre) of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). One field, located in the vicinity of an arm-like overdensity, displays apparent signatures of perturbation away from an equilibrium disc model. This includes a large radial velocity dispersion in the LMC disc plane, and an asymmetric line-of-sight velocity distribution indicative of motions vertically out of the disc plane for some stars. The second field reveals 3D kinematics consistent with an equilibrium disc, and yields Vcirc = 87.7 ± 8.0 km s−1 at a radial distance of ~10.5 kpc from the LMC centre. This leads to an enclosed mass estimate for the LMC at this radius of (1.8 ± 0.3) × 1010 M⊙.
The 2020 April–June super-outburst of OJ 287 and its long-term multiwavelength light curve with Swift: binary supermassive black hole and jet activity
Authors: Komossa S , Grupe D , Parker M L , Valtonen M J , Gómez J L , Gopakumar A , Dey L 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We report detection of a very bright X-ray–UV–optical outburst of OJ 287 in 2020 April–June, the second brightest since the beginning of our Swift multiyear monitoring in late 2015. It is shown that the outburst is predominantly powered by jet emission. Optical–UV–X-rays are closely correlated, and the low-energy part of the XMM–Newton spectrum displays an exceptionally soft emission component consistent with a synchrotron origin. A much harder X-ray power-law component (Γx = 2.4, still relatively steep when compared to expectations from inverse Compton models) is detected out to 70 keV by NuSTAR. We find evidence for reprocessing around the Fe region, consistent with an absorption line. If confirmed, it implies matter in outflow at ∼0.1c. The multiyear Swift light curve shows multiple episodes of flaring or dipping with a total amplitude of variability of a factor of 10 in X-rays, and 15 in the optical–UV. The 2020 outburst observations are consistent with an after-flare predicted by the binary black hole model of OJ 287, where the disc impact of the secondary black hole triggers time-delayed accretion and jet activity of the primary black hole.
K-SEMISTABILITY OF OPTIMAL DEGENERATIONS
Authors: Dervan Ruadhaí 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
K-polystability of a polarized variety is an algebro-geometric notion conjecturally equivalent to the existence of a constant scalar curvature Kähler metric. When a variety is K-unstable, it is expected to admit a ‘most destabilizing’ degeneration. In this note we show that if such a degeneration exists, then the limiting scheme is itself relatively K-semistable.
Assessment of radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tofacitinib in long-term studies
Authors: van der Heijde Désirée , Landewé Robert B M , Wollenhaupt Jürgen , Strengholt Sander , Terry Ketti , Kwok Kenneth , Wang Lisy , Cohen Stanley 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of RA. We evaluated radiographic progression in tofacitinib-treated patients with RA for up to 3 years in two pooled long-term extension (LTE) studies (ORAL Sequel; A3921041) (primary analysis), and for up to 5 years using data integrated from one phase (P)2 (A3921068), two P3 (ORAL Start; ORAL Scan) and two LTE studies (exploratory analysis).

Methods
In LTE studies, patients received tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily (BID) or 10 mg BID as monotherapy or with conventional synthetic (cs)DMARDs. Radiographic outcomes up to 3 years: least squares mean (LSM) change from baseline in van der Heijde modified Total Sharp Score (ΔmTSS), erosion score (ΔES) and joint space narrowing (ΔJSN) score; proportion of patients with no radiographic progression (ΔmTSS ≤0.5); proportion of patients with no new erosions (ΔES ≤0.5). ΔmTSS was evaluated for up to 5 years in an exploratory analysis.

Results
For all tofacitinib-treated patients with radiographic data available at LTE month 36 (n = 414), LSM ΔmTSS was 1.14, LSM ΔES was 0.66, LSM ΔJSN was 0.74, and 74.3% and 86.2% of patients showed no radiographic progression and no new erosions, respectively. Similar values were observed regardless of tofacitinib dose, or whether patients received tofacitinib as monotherapy or with csDMARDs. In an exploratory analysis of integrated P2/P3/LTE studies, LSM ΔmTSS was 3.34 at month 60 (n = 269).

Conclusion
Limited progression of structural damage was observed in tofacitinib-treated patients up to 5 years, with similar results for tofacitinib used as monotherapy or combination therapy up to 3 years.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (http://clinicaltrials.gov): NCT01164579; NCT01039688; NCT00847613; NCT00413699; NCT00661661.
Antisaccade Deficits in Schizophrenia Can Be Driven by Attentional Relevance of the Stimuli
Authors: Bansal Sonia , Gaspar John M , Robinson Benjamin M , Leonard Carly J , Hahn Britta , Luck Steven J , Gold James M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The antisaccade task is considered a test of cognitive control because it creates a conflict between the strong bottom-up signal produced by the cue and the top-down goal of shifting gaze to the opposite side of the display. Antisaccade deficits in schizophrenia are thought to reflect impaired top-down inhibition of the prepotent bottom-up response to the cue. However, the cue is also a highly task-relevant stimulus that must be covertly attended to determine where to shift gaze. We tested the hypothesis that difficulty in overcoming the attentional relevance of the cue, rather than its bottom-up salience, is key in producing impaired performance in people with schizophrenia (PSZ). We implemented 3 versions of the antisaccade task in which we varied the bottom-up salience of the cue while holding its attentional relevance constant. We found that difficulty in performing a given antisaccade task—relative to a prosaccade version using the same stimuli—was largely independent of the cue’s bottom-up salience. The magnitude of impairment in PSZ relative to control subjects was also independent of bottom-up salience. The greatest impairment was observed in a version where the cue lacked bottom-up salience advantage over other locations. These results indicate that the antisaccade deficit in PSZ does not reflect an impairment in overcoming bottom-up salience of the cue, but PSZ are instead impaired at overcoming its attentional relevance. This deficit may still indicate an underlying inhibitory control impairment but could also reflect a hyperfocusing of attentional resources on the cue.
Cutting the Gordian knot: a historical and taxonomic revision of the Jurassic crocodylomorphMetriorhynchus
Authors: Young Mark T , Brignon Arnaud , Sachs Sven , Hornung Jahn J , Foffa Davide , Kitson James J N , Johnson Michela M , Steel Lorna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMetriorhynchidae was a clade of extinct crocodylomorphs that adapted to a pelagic lifestyle, becoming a key component of Mesozoic lagoonal and coastal marine ecosystems. The type genus Metriorhynchus is one of the best-known genera of Mesozoic crocodylomorphs, and since the mid-19th century, the ‘concept’ of Metriorhynchus has become associated with the referred species Me. superciliosus. Historically Metriorhynchus has been the most species-rich genus in Metriorhynchidae, with most Middle Jurassic species and many Late Jurassic species referred to the genus at some point in their history. However, the type species Me. geoffroyii has largely been omitted in the literature. Its type series is a chimera of multiple metriorhynchid species, and a type specimen has never been designated. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses have repeatedly shown that the 19th–20th century concept of Metriorhynchus is not monophyletic – to the point where only referring every metriorhynchid species, and some basal metriorhynchoids, to the genus would render it monophyletic. Herein we designate a lectotype for Me. geoffroyii, re-describe it and restrict the genus Metriorhynchus to the type species. We also establish the new genus Thalattosuchus for Me. superciliosus, thereby cutting the ‘Gordian knot’ of Metriorhynchus with Th. superciliosus.
Albumin Use After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Matebele Mbakise P. , Ramanan Mahesh , Thompson Kelly , Cornmell George , Naidoo Rishendran V. , Shekar Kiran 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
To investigate the effect of albumin exposure in ICU after cardiac surgery on hospital mortality, complications, and costs.

Design:
A retrospective, single-center cohort study with economic evaluation.

Setting:
Cardiothoracic ICU in Australia.

Patients:
Adult patients admitted to the ICU after cardiac surgery.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Comparison of outcomes and costs in ICU after cardiac surgery based on 4% human albumin exposure. During the study period, 3,656 patients underwent cardiac surgery. After exclusions, 2,594 patients were suitable for analysis. One-thousand two-hundred sixty-four (48.7%) were exposed to albumin and 19 (1.4%) of those died. The adjusted hospital mortality of albumin exposure compared with no albumin was not significant (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.56–2.79; p = 0.6). More patients exposed to albumin returned to the operating theater for bleeding and/or tamponade (6.1% vs 2.1%; odds ratio, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.81–4.45; p < 0.01) and received packed red cell transfusions (p < 0.001). ICU and hospital lengths of stay were prolonged in those exposed to albumin (mean difference, 18 hr; 95% CI, 10.3–25.6; p < 0.001 and 87.5 hr; 95% CI, 40.5–134.6; p < 0.001). Costs (U.S. dollar) were higher in patients exposed to albumin, compared with those with no albumin exposure (mean difference in ICU costs, $2,728; 95% CI, $1,566–3,890 and mean difference in hospital costs, $5,427; 95% CI, $3,294–7,560).

Conclusions:
There is no increased mortality in patients who are exposed to albumin after cardiac surgery. The patients exposed to albumin had higher illness severity, suffered more complications, and incurred higher healthcare costs. A randomized controlled trial is required to determine whether albumin use is effective and safe in this setting.