bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational Engineering CoxOy Nanosheets via Phosphorous and Sulfur Dual‐Coupling for Enhancing Water Splitting and Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Doan Thi Luu Luyen , Tran Duy Thanh , Nguyen Dinh Chuong , Kim Do Hwan , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHerein, an efficient multifunctional catalyst based on phosphorus and sulfur dual‐doped cobalt oxide nanosheets supported by Cu@CuS nanowires is developed for water splitting and Zn–air batteries. The formation of such a unique heterostructure not only enhances the number and type of electroactive sites, but also leads to modulated electronic structure, which produces reasonable adsorption energy toward the reactant, thereby improving electrocatalytic efficiency. The catalyst demonstrates small overpotentials of 116 and 280 mA cm−2 to achieve 10 mA cm−2 for hydrogen and oxygen evolution, respectively. As a result, a developed electrolyzer displays a cell voltage of 1.52 V at 10 mA cm−2 and long‐term stability with a current response of 92.3% after operating for 30 h. Moreover, using such a catalyst in the fabrication of a Zn–air battery also leads to a cell voltage of 1.383 V, along with a power density of 130 mW cm−2 at 220 mA cm−2.
Intracellular Activation of Anticancer Therapeutics Using Polymeric Bioorthogonal Nanocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Xianzhi , Landis Ryan F. , Keshri Puspam , Cao‐Milán Roberto , Luther David C. , Gopalakrishnan Sanjana , Liu Yuanchang , Huang Rui , Li Gengtan , Malassiné Morgane , Uddin Imad , Rondon Brayan , Rotello Vincent M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBioorthogonal catalysis provides a promising strategy for imaging and therapeutic applications, providing controlled in situ activation of pro‐dyes and prodrugs. In this work, the use of a polymeric scaffold to encapsulate transition metal catalysts (TMCs), generating bioorthogonal “polyzymes,” is presented. These polyzymes enhance the stability of TMCs, protecting the catalytic centers from deactivation in biological media. The therapeutic potential of these polyzymes is demonstrated by the transformation of a nontoxic prodrug to an anticancer drug (mitoxantrone), leading to the cancer cell death in vitro.
An Alternating Irradiation Strategy‐Driven Combination Therapy of PDT and RNAi for Highly Efficient Inhibition of Tumor Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Yue Dong , Cai Xiaojun , Fan Mengni , Zhu Jingwu , Tian Jiang , Wu Lihuang , Jiang Qian , Gu Zhongwei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHypoxia and hypoxia induced overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) not only seriously affects the treatment effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) but also promotes tumor metastasis. Herein, an alternating irradiation strategy (referred to as alternate use of low/high dose of light [ALHDL] irradiation)‐driven combination therapy of PDT and RNA interference (RNAi) is developed to synergistically inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. A cationic amphipathic peptide (ALS) served as a carrier in the co‐delivery system of photochlor (HPPH) and siVEGF (ALSH/siVEGF). At the beginning of ALHDL‐driven ALSH/siVEGF treatment, short‐term LDL irradiation can facilitate the tumor penetration, cellular uptake, and endosome escape of ALSH/siVEGF. Moreover, accompanied by HDL‐mediated rapid cell apoptosis and LDL‐mediated efficient VEGF silencing, the joint use of PDT and RNAi achieved remarkable antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, benefited from the excellent performance of ALHDL in slowing the rapid deterioration of the anoxic environment of tumors, and ALSH/siVEGF treatment‐mediated highly improved VEGF silencing efficacy and inhibitory effect on angiogenesis, the liver and lung metastases of HeLa cells have been successfully suppressed. Together, this study clearly indicates that ALHDL‐driven combination therapy of PDT and RNAi is a highly effective modality for inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis.
Selective Ethanol Oxidation Reaction at the Rh–SnO2 Interface
Authors: Bai Shuxing , Xu Yong , Cao Kailei , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDirect ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) are regarded as an attractive power source with high energy density, bio‐renewability, and convenient storage and transportation. However, the anodic reaction of DEFCs, that is, the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), suffers from poor efficiency due to the low selectivity to CO2 (C1 pathway) and high selectivity to CH3COOH (C2 pathway). In this study, the selective EOR to CO2 can be achieved at the Rh–SnO2 interface in SnO2–Rh nanosheets (NSs). The optimized catalyst of 0.2SnO2–Rh NSs/C exhibits excellent alkaline EOR performance with a mass activity of 213.2 mA mgRh−1 and a Faraday efficiency of 72.8% for the C1 pathway, which are 1.7 and 1.9 times higher than those of Rh NSs/C. Mechanism studies indicate that the strong synergy at the Rh–SnO2 interface significantly promotes the breaking of CC bond of C2H5OH to form CO2, and facilitates oxidation of the poisonous intermediates (*CO and *CH3) to suppress the deactivation of the catalyst. This work not only provides a highly selective, active, and stable catalyst for the EOR, but also promotes fundamental research for the design of efficient catalysts via interface modification.
Tunable Circular Dichroism by Photoluminescent Moiré Gratings
Authors: Aftenieva Olha , Schnepf Max , Mehlhorn Börge , König Tobias A. F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn nanophotonics, there is a current demand for ultrathin, flexible nanostructures that are simultaneously easily tunable, demonstrate a high contrast, and have a strong response in photoluminescent polarization. In this work, the template‐assisted self‐assembly of water‐dispersed colloidal core–shell quantum dots into 1D light‐emitting sub‐micrometer gratings on a flexible substrate is demonstrated. Combining such structures with a light‐absorbing metallic counterpart by simple stacking at various angles results in a tunable Moiré pattern with strong lateral contrast. Furthermore, a combination with an identical emitter‐based grating leads to a chiroptical effect with a remarkably high degree of polarization of 0.72. Such a structure demonstrates direct circular polarized photoluminescence, for the first time, without a need for an additional chiral template as an intermediary. The suggested approach allows for reproducible, large‐area manufacturing at reasonable costs and is of potential use for chiroptical sensors, photonic circuit applications, or preventing counterfeit.
Device Design of Doping‐Controlled Homojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Omitting HTL and Exceeding 25% Efficiency
Authors: Lin Lingyan , Li Ping , Kang Zhenjing , Xiong Hao , Chen Yiting , Yan Qiong , Jiang Linqin , Qiu Yu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHole‐transport‐layer (HTL)‐free carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) have attracted great attention due to their low production cost and simplified structure. Nevertheless, C‐PCSs have not yet realized the high conversion efficiency achieved in conventional PSCs with HTLs. A new design of n‐CH3NH3PbI3/p‐CH3NH3PbI3 homojunction is presented to attempt high efficiency HTL‐free C‐PSCs and its operation as a device is analyzed using solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS). Several parameters that can affect the device performance, such as perovskite layer doping concentration, thickness values, carrier mobility, and defect density, are explored and optimized. Under optimized conditions, a high power conversion efficiency of 25.07%, 15.6% relatively higher than conventional C‐PSC, can be obtained, indicating that the proposed homojunction‐based C‐PSC is promising because it highly simplifies the device structure and fabrication while maintaining high efficiency. This work points a way to commercialize HTL‐free PSCs for future industrial photovoltaics.
How Far Are We from Achieving Self‐Powered Flexible Health Monitoring Systems: An Energy Perspective
Authors: Yu Hui , Li Nan , Zhao Ni 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe rapid development of flexible electronics and sensing technologies have made it possible for the detection of various human vital signs and biomarkers through an extremely light‐weight and soft device attached to the skin. To support such sensing devices for multi‐parameter tracking and continuous operation, a powerful energy supply unit, which is compact, mobile, and with high energy density and self‐charging capability, is desired. The recently emerged energy harvesting devices have demonstrated the potential of utilizing ambient and human‐based energy sources to power sensor systems. In this context, this review aims to investigate the question of whether the capacity of current flexible energy devices can meet the energy demand of wireless flexible sensor systems in long‐term health monitoring applications. First, the total energy demand of typical sensor systems is estimated by analyzing the energy consumption of each building block of the relevant systems. The design of the energy supply architecture is discussed by considering batteries/supercapacitors as the energy storage unit and photovoltaic, thermoelectric, piezoelectric, and triboelectric devices as the energy‐harvesting unit. Based on the analysis, health monitoring protocols that could be readily realized with self‐powered system designs are suggested and the core challenges for further development of the technologies for practical applications are identified.
Negatively‐Doped Conducting Polymers for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Vagin Mikhail , Gueskine Viktor , Mitraka Evangelia , Wang Suhao , Singh Amritpal , Zozoulenko Igor , Berggren Magnus , Fabiano Simone , Crispin Xavier 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) limits the efficiency of oxygen‐associated energy conversion in fuel cells and air‐metal batteries. Today, expensive noble metal catalysts are often utilized to enhance the ORR and the resulting conversion efficiency in those devices. Hence, there is an intensive research to find efficient electrodes, exhibiting a favorable electronic structure, for ORR based on abundant materials that can be manufactured using low cost processes. In that context, metal‐free carbon‐based nanostructures and conducting polymers have been actively investigated. The negatively doped poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) as an efficient and stable oxygen cathode material is reported here. Compared to the benchmark p‐doped conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylendioxythiophene) (PEDOT), the BBL provides electrocatalysis that fully reduces dioxygen into water, via a (2 + 2)‐electron transfer pathway with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an intermediate; while PEDOT limits the ORR to H2O2. It is demonstrated that n‐doped BBL is a promising air electrode material for low‐cost and ecofriendly model fuel cells, without the need of any co‐catalysts, and its performance is found to be superior to p‐doped PEDOT air electrodes.
Challenges and Opportunities in Utilizing MXenes of Carbides and Nitrides as Electrocatalysts
Authors: Wang Yan , Nian Yao , Biswas Akash N. , Li Wei , Han You , Chen Jingguang G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSustainable energy conversion processes often require electrochemical reactions powered by renewable energy sources. 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), an important and growing class of 2D materials, have been demonstrated to be promising candidates for heterogeneous electrocatalysis due to their unique electronic, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Significant efforts have been made in the development of MXenes and MXene‐derived electrocatalysts for various electrochemical reactions, including the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, and methanol oxidation reaction. MXenes from earth‐abundant metals provide the potential for large‐scale applications, and their well‐defined structures allow for the identification of active sites and catalytic mechanisms. Herein, recent studies of MXenes in electrocatalysis are reviewed, and the challenges and opportunities for the design and fabrication of MXenes and MXene‐based materials with desired electrocatalytic properties are discussed.
One size does not fit all. How universal standards for normal height can hide deprivation and create false paradoxes
Authors: Hruschka Daniel J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPublic health practitioners and social scientists frequently compare height against one‐size‐fits‐all standards of human growth to assess well‐being, deprivation, and disease risk. However, underlying differences in height can make some naturally tall populations appear well‐off by universal standards, even though they live in severe states of deprivation. In this article, I describe the worldwide extent of these population differences in height and illustrate how using a universal yardstick to compare population height can create puzzling disparities (eg, between South Asia and sub‐Saharan Africa) while also underestimating childhood stunting in specific world regions (eg, West Africa and Haiti). I conclude by discussing potential challenges of developing and implementing population‐sensitive standards for assessing healthy development.
The Smelling Principle of Vetiver Oil, Unveiled by Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Ouyang Jie , Bae Hanyong , Jordi Samuel , Dao Quang Minh , Dossenbach Sandro , Dehn Stefanie , Lingnau Julia B. , Kanta De Chandra , Kraft Philip , List Benjamin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVetiver oil, produced on a multiton‐scale from the roots of vetiver grass, is one of the finest and most popular perfumery materials, appearing in over a third of all fragrances. It is a complex mixture of hundreds of molecules and the specific odorant, responsible for its characteristic suave and sweet transparent, woody‐ambery smell, has remained a mystery until today. Herein, we prove by an eleven‐step chemical synthesis, employing a novel asymmetric organocatalytic Mukaiyama–Michael addition, that (+)‐2‐epi‐ziza‐6(13)en‐3‐one is the active smelling principle of vetiver oil. Its olfactory evaluation reveals a remarkable odor threshold of 29 picograms per liter air, responsible for the special sensuous aura it lends to perfumes and the quasi‐pheromone‐like effect it has on perfumers and consumers alike.
Fabrication of the superhydrophobic natural cellulosic paper with different wettability and oil/water separation application
Authors: Yun Tongtong , Tong Hao , Wang Yilin , Qian Fang , Cheng Yi , Lv Yanna , Lu Jie , Li Mengjie , Wang Haisong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRenewable superhydrophobic materials have attracted great attention due to their extensive applications in the fields such as cost‐effective and biodegradable oil/water separation field. Herein, we reported an eco‐friendly and facile methodology to develop the superhydrophobic cellulosic paper by immersion method using the ethanol solution of stearic acid. Furthermore, the treated cellulosic papers showed super‐hydrophobicity with water contact angle (WCA) above 153°. Interestingly, this method can realize superhydrophobic‐hydrophilic conversion by simply adjusting the temperature and is amenable for different substrates and with the WCA of 114‐162°. More importantly, the utilization of fluorinated reagents has been avoided, thereby minimizing the production cost and improving safety and environmental aspects. Meanwhile, the modified natural cellulosic paper is applied for oil–water separation, and its separation efficiency was as high as 95% after 10 cycles, indicating the good reusability of stearic acid modified filter papers. Consequently, this simple strategy based on the stearic acid immersion method thus provided an easy conversion of superhydrophobic‐hydrophilic interface and provided facile strategies for conversion of commercial quantitative filter paper to functional materials for oil/water separation.
Making apples from oranges: Comparing noncollapsible effect estimators and their standard errors after adjustment for different covariate sets
Authors: Daniel Rhian , Zhang Jingjing , Farewell Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe revisit the well‐known but often misunderstood issue of (non)collapsibility of effect measures in regression models for binary and time‐to‐event outcomes. We describe an existing simple but largely ignored procedure for marginalizing estimates of conditional odds ratios and propose a similar procedure for marginalizing estimates of conditional hazard ratios (allowing for right censoring), demonstrating its performance in simulation studies and in a reanalysis of data from a small randomized trial in primary biliary cirrhosis patients. In addition, we aim to provide an educational summary of issues surrounding (non)collapsibility from a causal inference perspective and to promote the idea that the words conditional and adjusted (likewise marginal and unadjusted) should not be used interchangeably.
Comprehensive characterization of dihydrofolate reductase‐mediated gene amplification for the establishment of recombinant human embryonic kidney 293 cells producing monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Lee Sang Yoon , Baek Minhye , Lee Gyun Min 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells with glycosylation machinery have emerged as an alternative host cell line for stable expression of therapeutic glycoproteins. To characterize dihydrofolate reductase/methotrexate (DHFR/MTX)‐mediated gene amplification in HEK293 cells, an expression vector containing dhfr and monoclonal antibody (mAb) gene was transfected into dhfr‐deficient HEK293 cells generated by knocking out dhfr and dhfrl1 in HEK293E cells. Due to the improved selection stringency, mAb‐producing parental cell pools could be generated in the absence of MTX. When subjected to stepwise selection for increasing MTX concentrations such as 1, 10, and 100 nM, there was an increase in the specific mAb productivity (qmAb) of the parental cell pool upon DHFR/MTX‐mediated gene amplification. High producing (HP) clones with a qmAb of more than 2‐fold of the corresponding cell pool could be obtained using the limiting dilution method. The qmAb of most HP clones obtained from cell pools at elevated MTX concentrations significantly decreased during long‐term culture (3 months) in the absence of selection pressure. However, some HP clones could maintain high qmAb during long‐term culture. Taken together, a stable HP recombinant HEK293 cell line can be established using DHFR/MTX‐mediated gene amplification together with dhfr− HEK293 host cells.
A systematic review of higher education students' experiences of engaging with online therapy
Authors: Hanley Terry , Wyatt Claire 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThe prevalence of mental health difficulties and the demand for psychological support for students in higher education (HE) appear to be increasing. Online therapy is a widely accessible resource that could provide effective support; however, little is known about such provision. The aim of this study was therefore to answer the research question ‘What factors serve to influence higher education students' levels of engagement with online therapy?’MethodA systematic review of qualitative scholarly and peer‐reviewed literature was conducted across 10 databases. Six papers met the inclusion criteria, were assessed for quality and were analysed using thematic synthesis.FindingsFactors that serve to motivate HE students to engage with online therapy included the perception that it might enhance the quality of the therapeutic relationship, that it would facilitate more autonomy in the work, and that it might enable them to be anonymous and avoid face‐to‐face contact. In contrast, demotivating factors were primarily practical in nature. Fitting therapeutic work into their busy lives, technological challenges and persisting mental health stigma proved important factors.ConclusionThis review synthesises the reasons why HE students might engage with or withdraw from online therapy. It highlights that students appear to view online therapy positively, but they can be inhibited by both personal and practical issues. Therapeutic services therefore need to ensure that information about the work they offer online is clear and transparent and that the platforms they work on are secure and stable. Finally, the need for further research, to keep abreast of technological developments, is recommended.
Safeguarding Children When Fabricated or Induced Illness Is Suspected or Proven: Reviewing the Experiences of Local Safeguarding Children Boards in England
Authors: Ratcliffe John , Gray Jenny , Bools Christopher , Wilson Richard , Wigfield Andrea , Mason Will 
Published: December 2020

‘The views of representatives from… Local Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCBs) in England were sought on the challenges to safeguarding children from FII’The fabrication or induction of illness (FII) is a relatively rare situation which can lead to serious physical and/or emotional harm to a child. FII is often difficult for professionals to identify and manage. In this study the views of representatives from the 147 Local Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCBs) in England were sought on the challenges to safeguarding children from FII, and how these might be overcome. Despite a low response rate of only 18 from the 147 LSCBs, 17 challenges were identified. The most reported were inadequate training and resources, poor multi‐agency collaboration, uncertainties and anxiety among professionals tasked with identifying FII, issues inherent in the relative rarity of FII and the variety of ways in which it can present. To overcome these challenges, LSCB respondents suggested that more training, specific to particular professions and using video case studies where possible, should be conducted on a wider scale, and consideration should be given to ensuring that professionals are familiar with relevant guidance.Key Practitioner Messages

Professionals' uncertainties and anxieties are key challenges to safeguarding children from FII.
More training would help overcome professionals' uncertainties and anxieties.
Finding ways to ensure that all relevant professionals are familiar with existing guidance would support the development of greater knowledge about how best to respond to FII cases.
The inclusion of FII within broader safeguarding training, using video case studies and conducting profession‐specific training, may constitute ways to improve training and promote knowledge of the guidance.
A rare case of ectopic retrosternal goiter
Authors: Oh Shen Leong , Chia Clement L. K. , Ooi Oon Cheong , Sonawane Vikram , Rao Anil D. , Singaporewalla Reyaz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is important for the clinician to be familiar with interpreting a variety of radiological modalities that provide vital information that will aid in the preoperative planning, counseling, and subsequent management of patients with retrosternal goiter.
Epicardial and transverse sinus fat pad near left atrium appendage; role of 3D echocardiography
Authors: Mohseni‐badalabadi Reza , Sahebjam Mohammad , Mohseni‐badalabadi Mehdi , Hosseini Kaveh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPericardial fat pad in transverse sinus adjacent to left atrial appendage (LAA) is a rare condition that may resemble LAA thrombosis especially in suspected cases. More Trans‐esophageal echocardiography (TEE) angulations and also 3D TEE images are helpful tools to confirm the diagnosis.