bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unified Framework and Survey for Model Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Riedmaier Stefan , Danquah Benedikt , Schick Bernhard , Diermeyer Frank 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSimulation is becoming increasingly important in the development, testing and approval process in many areas of engineering, ranging from finite element models to highly complex cyber-physical systems such as autonomous cars. Simulation must be accompanied by model verification, validation and uncertainty quantification (VV&UQ) activities to assess the inherent errors and uncertainties of each simulation model. However, the VV&UQ methods differ greatly between the application areas. In general, a major challenge is the aggregation of uncertainties from calibration and validation experiments to the actual model predictions under new, untested conditions. This is especially relevant due to high extrapolation uncertainties, if the experimental conditions differ strongly from the prediction conditions, or if the output quantities required for prediction cannot be measured during the experiments. In this paper, both the heterogeneous VV&UQ landscape and the challenge of aggregation will be addressed with a novel modular and unified framework to enable credible decision making based on simulation models. This paper contains a comprehensive survey of over 200 literature sources from many application areas and embeds them into the unified framework. In addition, this paper analyzes and compares the VV&UQ methods and the application areas in order to identify strengths and weaknesses and to derive further research directions. The framework thus combines a variety of VV&UQ methods, so that different engineering areas can benefit from new methods and combinations. Finally, this paper presents a procedure to select a suitable method from the framework for the desired application.
Hochschuldidaktische Lehrkonzepte zur Vorbereitung angehender Sportlehrkräfte auf einen inklusiven Sportunterricht
Authors: Erhorn Jan , Moeller Leonie , Langer Wiebke 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Qualifizierung von (angehenden) Sportlehrkräften für einen inklusiven Sportunterricht stellt eine zentrale Herausforderung für die sportdidaktische Forschung und Lehre dar. Obwohl sich in den letzten Jahren um die Thematik eines inklusiven Sportunterrichts ein lebhafter Forschungsdiskurs entwickelt hat, der zum einen den Anschluss an international weiter fortgeschrittene Diskurse sucht, zum anderen inzwischen selbst konzeptionell und empirisch an Substanz gewinnt, liegen bisher nur wenige hochschuldidaktische Lehrformate zur Vorbereitung angehender Sportlehrkräfte für einen inklusiven Sportunterricht vor. In diesem Beitrag werden publizierte hochschuldidaktische Lehrformate systematisch analysiert und kritisch gewürdigt. Auf dieser Grundlage werden anschließend Vorschläge für die weitere Entwicklung und Evaluation universitärer Lehrformate formuliert.
Mindfulness and Affect During Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Recurrent Depression: an Autoregressive Latent Trajectory Analysis
Authors: ter Avest Marleen J. , Greven Corina U. , Huijbers Marloes J. , Wilderjans Tom F. , Speckens Anne E. M. , Spinhoven Philip 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Gaining knowledge of dynamic processes of mechanisms underlying mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for recurrent depression could help to improve treatment efficacy. The current study examined the overall course and week-to-week associations of mindfulness and positive/negative affect during MBCT for recurrent depression.

Methods
Using data from the MOMENT study, 235 patients with recurrent depression in (partial) remission allocated to MBCT were included. Prior to each MBCT session, self-reports were obtained on mindfulness, positive affect, and negative affect.

Results
Autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) modeling revealed that, across the MBCT course, larger increases in mindfulness were associated with larger increases in positive affect (r = .80, p < .050). Higher general levels of negative affect were associated with smaller increases in mindfulness over time (r = −.26, p < .001). Week-to-week effects showed no reciprocal cross-lagged effects between mindfulness and positive affect or negative affect, except for positive affect at session 2 which was positively associated with mindfulness at session 3 (r = .11, p < .050).

Conclusions
The current study supports a positive association in strength of increase between mindfulness and positive affect, while higher general levels of negative affect might be associated with smaller increases of mindfulness during MBCT for recurrent depression. For future research, experience sampling methods (ESMs) are recommended to capture dynamics on a smaller time scale. ALT modeling techniques are advised to be better able to interpret the processes of stability and change during MBCT for recurrent depression.
Identification of Archaeologically Relevant Areas Using Open Geodata
Authors: Meyer-Heß M. Fabian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLight detection and ranging (LiDAR) and digital terrain models (DTM) revolutionized archeological prospection in the last two decades. Using the new technique, comprehensive areal detections of archeological relief structures (field monuments) hidden under dense vegetation became possible and archeologists found new sites even in well-known areas. In times of Open Geodata policies, archeologists have access to geospatial data sets such as DTM. Assessing its full potential requires automated workflows, which is a recent research topic in archeological research. However, all approaches, both manually and automated, are affected by misclassifications caused by confusions of archeological and modern structures. Digital landscape models (DLM) help differentiating structures by their location. Concerning these data, only 74% of the total area of Westphalia and Lippe need archeological investigation, increasing precision of automated classification approaches.
After fragmentation: Norm collisions, interface conflicts, and conflict management
Authors: KREUDER-SONNEN CHRISTIAN , ZÜRN MICHAEL 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFragmentation, institutional overlaps, and norm collisions are often seen as fundamental problems for the global (legal) order. Supposedly, they incite conflict and disorder. However, some scholars have also emphasised functional and normative advantages of the resulting institutional pluralism. We argue that the consequences of the increasing international institutional density are conditional on whether and how different norms, institutions, and authorities are coordinated. In distinction from thefragmentation frameworkin international law and theregime complexity frameworkin international relations, this introduction outlines aninterface conflict frameworkthat enables important insights into this question and guides the contributions assembled in this issue. It zooms in on the micro-level of conflict between actors that justify incompatible positional differences with reference to different international norms. In particular, the concept of interface conflicts allows studying the conditions under which overlaps and norm collisions become activated in conflicts as well as the ways in which such conflicts are handled. Foreshadowing the main findings of the contributions to this Special Issue, we hold that interface conflicts are neither inevitable nor unmanageable. Most importantly, it seems that, more often than not, conflicts stimulate cooperative forms of management and contribute to the building of inter-institutional order.
Coordination or conflict? The causes and consequences of institutional overlap in a disaggregated world order
Authors: FAUDE BENJAMIN , FUSS JULIA 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInstitutional overlap emerges not only as an unintended by-product of purposive state action but also as its deliberate result. In two ways, this article expands existing research on the causes and consequences of institutional overlap. First, we establish that three different types of dissatisfaction may lead states to deliberately create institutional overlap: dissatisfaction with substantive norms and rules, dissatisfaction with decision-making rules and dissatisfaction with the institutional fit of an existing governance arrangement for a given cooperation problem. Each type of dissatisfaction triggers a distinct motivation for the creation of institutional overlap: to induce policy change, to increase influence on collective decision-making or to enhance governance effectiveness. Second, we demonstrate that whereas the motivation to induce policy change leads to interface conflicts, the motivations to increase influence on collective decision-making and to enhance governance effectiveness give rise to inter-institutional coordination. Three empirical case studies on global energy governance, the governance of global development banking and global environmental governance probe these analytical claims.
Geomagnetic Responses Associated With Throat Aurora
Authors: Selvakumaran R. , Han D.‐S. , Zhou S. , Gokani S. A. , Zhang Y. L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThroat aurora is a special discrete auroral form often observed at the ionospheric convection throat region near magnetic local noon. Some observational properties of throat aurora have been established, but the geomagnetic response is not yet explored. Using geomagnetic observations from a chain of stations in the Norwegian sector and auroral observations from an all‐sky imager and the DMSP satellites, for the first time, we identify geomagnetic responses associated with the occurrence of throat aurora. These variations are well explained by combining the models of flux transfer events and throat aurora. The estimated increase in ionospheric equivalent current confirms the association of throat aurora with ground observations. The results provide further evidence for throat aurora being associated with magnetopause reconnection. Based on the observational features, a new association of geomagnetic variations with throat aurora may be defined to reflect their occurrence at high latitudes near local noon.
MATE: An Analysis Tool for the Interpretation of Magnetotelluric Models of the Mantle
Authors: Özaydın Sinan , Selway Kate 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInterpretation of electrical conductivity anomalies observed in magnetotelluric models provides an important opportunity to understand the nature of the lithospheric mantle and its dynamics. Over the course of the last two decades, a great number of experimental petrology studies have been carried out which can be utilized to construct electrical conductivity distribution models for a given composition and geotherm. We have developed an open‐source software (MATE, Mantle Analysis Tool for Electromagnetics) with an easy‐to‐use graphical interface that creates such theoretical models. The program is developed in such a way that additional effects and models can be added very easily. To investigate the conductivity distribution of the cratonic mantle, a series of experiments was made. Results indicate that it is of utmost importance to analyze the magnetotelluric models using accurate compositions, water distributions, and geometric models. Hence, using only olivine conductivity models can lead to erroneous interpretations of both conductivity and estimated water content. Analysis of the potential causes for conductive anomalies shows that the upper and lower lithospheric mantle can be interpreted separately with the transition between them at 75–125 km. Conductive anomalies in the upper lithospheric mantle (<1,000 Ωm) are likely to be explained by the existence of well‐connected minor phases associated with metasomatic fluids, whereas in the lower lithospheric mantle, hydration and/or well‐connected minor phases (e.g., phlogopite or amphibole) can explain conductive anomalies.
Data‐Driven Equation Discovery of Ocean Mesoscale Closures
Authors: Zanna Laure , Bolton Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe resolution of climate models is limited by computational cost. Therefore, we must rely on parameterizations to represent processes occurring below the scale resolved by the models. Here, we focus on parameterizations of ocean mesoscale eddies and employ machine learning (ML), namely, relevance vector machines (RVMs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to derive computationally efficient parameterizations from data, which are interpretable and/or encapsulate physics. In particular, we demonstrate the usefulness of the RVM algorithm to reveal closed‐form equations for eddy parameterizations with embedded conservation laws. When implemented in an idealized ocean model, all parameterizations improve the statistics of the coarse‐resolution simulation. The CNN is more stable than the RVM such that its skill in reproducing the high‐resolution simulation is higher than the other schemes; however, the RVM scheme is interpretable. This work shows the potential for new physics‐aware interpretable ML turbulence parameterizations for use in ocean climate models.
Retrieval of Ice‐Over‐Water Cloud Microphysical and Optical Properties Using Passive Radiometers
Authors: Teng Shiwen , Liu Chao , Zhang Zhibo , Wang Yuan , Sohn Byung‐Ju , Yung Yuk L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCurrent satellite cloud products from passive radiometers provide effective single‐layer cloud properties by assuming a homogeneous cloud in a pixel, resulting in inevitable biases when multiple‐layer clouds are present in a vertical column. We devise a novel method to retrieve cloud vertical properties for ice‐over‐water clouds using passive radiometers. Based on the absorptivity differences of liquid water and ice clouds at four shortwave‐infrared channels (centered at 0.87, 1.61, 2.13, and 2.25 μm), cloud optical thicknesses (COT) and effective radii of both upper‐layer ice and lower‐layer liquid water clouds are inferred simultaneously. The algorithm works most effectively for clouds with ice COT < 7 and liquid water COT > 5. The simulated spectral reflectances based on our retrieved ice‐over‐water clouds become more consistent with observations than those with a single‐layer assumption. This new algorithm will improve our understanding of clouds, and we suggest that these four cloud channels should be all included in future satellite sensors.
New Sensing Strategies for Estimation of Global, Exospheric Density
Authors: Cucho‐Padin Gonzalo , Waldrop Lara 
Published: August 2020

AbstractReliable quantification of the global and time‐dependent structure of the Earth's outermost atmosphere, a vast region known as the exosphere, has long been elusive, owing mainly to the sparse spatial and temporal sampling afforded by exospheric sensing platforms deployed to date. In this paper, we introduce new observing schemes that overcome these historical limitations and enable high‐fidelity, high‐cadence reconstruction of the exospheric density distribution on a global scale. Our approach leverages several state‐of‐the‐art remote sensing capabilities, including (1) wide‐field photometric imaging of exospheric emission, which is created through resonant photon scattering by the exosphere's constituent hydrogen atoms; (2) constellation sensor deployment near lunar orbit, which provides common‐volume sensing; and (3) tomographic inversion of a discretized exospheric emission model that explicitly accounts for the Poisson‐distributed shot noise inherent in the photometric data constraints. Using ensembles of synthetic emission data acquired at various realistic temporal cadences, we evaluate the fidelity of both static density reconstructions, in which the solution is formulated in the context of maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation, as well as dynamic density reconstructions, which incorporate temporal evolution via Kalman filtering. The numerical results demonstrate that the new sensing strategies are capable of retrieving reliable estimates of exospheric density distribution at unprecedented spatial scales and temporal cadence, in support of numerous high‐priority investigations of Earth's near‐space environment.
The Formation of Electron Heat Flux in the Region of Diffuse Aurora
Authors: Khazanov George V. , Glocer Alex , Chu Mike 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhistler and electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonics waves are responsible for scattering and precipitating the energetic plasma sheet electrons that drive the diffuse aurora. These primary electrons with energies in the kiloelectron volt range, simultaneously precipitating in magnetically conjugate regions, produce the secondary electron population and can be reflected by the atmosphere back through the magnetosphere and precipitate into the conjugate region with additional follow‐up atmospheric backscatter. Primary, degraded, and secondary electrons can be trapped back into the magnetosphere as they travel back and forth between the two magnetically conjugate ionospheres and continuously delivering their energy to the cold plasma sheet electrons and form the electron thermal fluxes that deposit this energy at the upper ionospheric altitudes. We consider the formation of these heat fluxes focusing on the magnetosphere‐ionosphere energy interplay of the entire superthermal electron spectra from 1 eV up to 10 keV and discuss the efficiency of the different spectral energy intervals that contribute to the electron plasma heating at the magnetospheric altitudes. Our parametric studies at L = 6.8, with lower and upper band chorus whistler wave amplitudes of 10 pT and electron cyclotron harmonic wave amplitudes of 1 mVm−1, indicate the dominant role of the whistler mode in the formation of the electron heat flux coming from the magnetosphere to the ionosphere.
Maintenance of genome integrity and active homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Choi Eui-Hwan , Yoon Seobin , Koh Young Eun , Seo Young-Jin , Kim Keun Pil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEmbryonic stem cells (ESCs) possess specific gene expression patterns that confer the ability to proliferate indefinitely and enable pluripotency, which allows ESCs to differentiate into diverse cell types in response to developmental signals. Compared to differentiated cells, ESCs harbor an elevated level of homologous recombination (HR)-related proteins and exhibit exceptional cell cycle control, characterized by a high proliferation rate and a prolonged S phase. HR is involved in several aspects of chromosome maintenance. For instance, HR repairs impaired chromosomes and prevents the collapse of DNA replication forks during cell proliferation. Thus, HR is essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity and prevents cellular dysregulation and lethal events. In addition, abundant HR proteins in the prolonged S phase can efficiently protect ESCs from external damages and protect against genomic instability caused by DNA breaks, facilitating rapid and accurate DNA break repair following chromosome duplication. The maintenance of genome integrity is key to preserving the functions of ESCs and reducing the risks of cancer development, cell cycle arrest, and abnormal replication. Here, we review the fundamental links between the stem cell-specific HR process and DNA damage response as well as the different strategies employed by ESCs to maintain genomic integrity.
Disentangling fatigue from anhedonia: a scoping review
Authors: Billones Ruel R. , Kumar Saloni , Saligan Leorey N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFatigue and anhedonia are commonly reported, co-occurring clinical symptoms associated with chronic illnesses. Fatigue is a multidimensional construct that is defined as a distressing, persistent, subjective sense of physical, cognitive, or emotional tiredness that interferes with usual functioning. Anhedonia is a component of depressive disorders and other psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, and is defined by the reduced ability to experience pleasure. Both symptoms greatly affect the health-related quality of life of patients with chronic illnesses. Although fatigue and anhedonia are commonly associated with each other, understanding the differences between the two constructs is necessary for diagnosis and clinical treatment. A scoping review was conducted based on published guidance, starting with a comprehensive search of existing literature to understand the similarities and differences between fatigue and anhedonia. An initial search of PubMed using fatigue and anhedonia as medical subject headings yielded a total of 5254 articles. A complete full-text review of the final 21 articles was conducted to find articles that treated both constructs similarly and articles that presented fatigue and anhedonia as distinct constructs. About 60% of the reviewed articles consider both constructs as distinct, but a considerable number of the reviewed articles found these constructs indistinguishable. Nomenclature and biology were two themes from the reviewed articles supporting the idea that anhedonia and fatigue are indistinguishable constructs. The information generated from this review is clinically relevant to optimize the management of fatigue related to anhedonia from other fatigue subtypes.
Racial differences in treatment and outcomes in multiple myeloma: a multiple myeloma research foundation analysis
Authors: Derman Benjamin A. , Jasielec Jagoda , Langerman Spencer S. , Zhang Wei , Jakubowiak Andrzej J. , Chiu Brian C.-H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFindings on racial differences in survival in multiple myeloma (MM) have been inconclusive. We assessed differences in outcomes between White and Black individuals among 639 newly diagnosed MM patients in the MM Research Foundation CoMMpass registry with baseline cytogenetic data. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were derived from Cox proportional hazard regression models. Age, gender, and stage were similar between Whites (n = 526) and Blacks (n = 113). Blacks had inferior overall survival (OS) compared with Whites and were less likely to receive triplet therapies or frontline autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). The following factors were significantly associated with inferior OS in multivariate analysis: higher international staging system (ISS) score, ≥1 or ≥2 high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRCA), high-risk gene expression profile (GEP), and lack of ASCT. Multivariate analysis in the Black subset found that only lack of ASCT was significantly associated with inferior OS. The receipt of both triplet induction and ASCT only partly abrogated the effect of race on survival. HRCA did not track with survival in Blacks, emphasizing the need for race-specific risk prognostication schema to guide optimal MM therapy.