bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newly designed Mn (III)–W(V) bimetallic assembly built by manganese (III) Schiff–base and octacyanotungstate(V) building blocks: Structural topologies, and magnetic features
Authors: Muddassir Mohd. , Alarifi Abdullah , Afzal Mohd , Sepay Nayim 
Published: July 2020

New complex [Mn (SB)2(DMF)2] [W (CN)8] hereafter referred to as complex 1, which was prepared by self–assembly of [Mn (SB)2(DMF)2]3+ and [W (CN)8]3− and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR) and single crystal X–ray techniques (H2SB is Schiff base derived from the condensation of salicylaldehyde and N,N–diethylethylenediamine and DMF is dimethylformamide). The structure consists of 1–D supramolecular chains and further stacks to give a 3–D supramolecular architecture whose molecular fragments are linked by hydrogen bond as well as C − H···π interactions between [Mn (SB)2(DMF)2]3+ and [W (CN)8]3−. An underlying net for the representation consists of two types of fragments with 1,4 M5–1 and 1,8 M9–1 topologies and further illustration of the molecular network in terms of a graph−theory approach using simplification procedure resulted in the underlying net of 2C1topological type in the complex 1. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of complex 1 was carried out in the temperature range 2–300 K, indicates the presence of either magnetic anisotropy zero field splitting, the effect of intramolecular interactions, or both. Complex 1 follows the Curie–Weiss law with Curie constant value of 3.43 cm3mol−1K, and the slight negative Weiss constant (−0.60 K) value indicates the predominant antiferromagnetic magnetic exchange interactions.The magnetic properties of Title complex was investigated thoroughly and showed that ferromagnetic interaction between W(V) and Mn (III) operate via the intramolecular H–bonding interaction between cyanide nitrogens and a hydrogen atom.
Assessment of poly(L‐lactide) as an environmentally benign CO2 capture and storage adsorbent
Authors: Stelitano Sara , Lazzaroli Victor , Conte Giuseppe , Pingitore Valentino , Policicchio Alfonso , Agostino Raffaele Giuseppe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCarbon capture and storage (CCS) in conjunction with an increasing use of renewables provides a clean pathway to sustainable development and climate change mitigation. In selecting a low temperature CCS adsorbent, parameters such as selectivity, regeneration energy, and economicity play a crucial role. Poly(L‐lactide) (PLA) is one of the most promising materials in science and engineering, not only because it is a green polymer progressively replacing petrobased plastics, but also for its carbon dioxide (CO2)‐philic nature that makes it a suitable candidate for greenhouse gas capture and climate change mitigation. Literature data point to PLA as a valid CCS candidate, although no direct gaseous CO2 adsorption investigation or with mild preparation/regenerative energy was reported. In the present experimental work, a deeper investigation of the adsorption/desorption properties of PLA in presence of gaseous CO2 at room temperature was undertaken by means of a home‐made Sievert‐type apparatus. The effects of pressure (0–15 bar), morphology (commercial pellets, powder, and flakes), and regenerative energy (303 and 333 K) were investigated. PLA samples were also characterized by helium picnometry to obtain skeletal density and by XRD and SEM to obtain morphological and structural information. Results show that PLA represents a valid and ecological alternative among the materials for the capture of CO2. The PLA absorption capacity reaches 16 wt% at 15 bar and 303 K, and is closely linked to the thermal treatment, morphology, and crystalline structure of the material.
Comparison of telescopic and naked‐eye sunspots for the very small spots on February 15, 1900 and January 30, 1911
Authors: Neuhäuser Ralph , Geymeier Michael , Arlt Rainer , Chapman Jesse 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn a recent discussion of the Maunder Minimum, two sunspot observations by Chinese court astronomers on February 15, 1900 and January 30, 1911 (±1 day) – presumably made with the unaided eye – were considered false detections because the spot areas of the largest spot on those days (±1 day) as recorded by the Royal Greenwich Observatory, would be too small for naked‐eye detection, namely 11 and 13 millionths of a solar disk (msd), respectively (Usoskin et al. 2015). We revisit this issue here. First, we review theoretical and empirical considerations of the lower limit for the sunspot area detectable by the naked eye: under optimal conditions, very good observers can detect spots as small as ∼100 msd (and we present one example, where an observer reported a spot, when the largest spot on that day was only 65 msd, but being part of a longish group facilitating the detection). Then, we review all known sunspot observations on and around February 15, 1900 and January 30, 1911, including full‐disk drawings. For February 15, 1900, Kalocsa observatory, Hungary, shows a feature close to the western limb with an area of 134 msd, but it is not clear whether it was a spot or faculae or pores (as spot, it could have been detectable even by naked‐eye). The two spot groups detected in Kodaikanal, India, on January 31, 1911 and February 1 with 18.5 to 33.0 msd area would be too small for detection by the naked eye. However, the Chinese records for February 15, 1900 and January 30, 1911 do not even mention whether the observations were performed with a telescope or by the unaided eye. We conclude that there is no convincing evidence that these two – or even all – Chinese sunspot records are unreliable.
Recent Advances on Graphene Quantum Dots as Multifunctional Nanoplatforms for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Iannazzo Daniela , Celesti Consuelo , Espro Claudia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGraphene quantum dots (GQDs), the latest member of the graphene family, have attracted enormous interest in the last few years, due to their exceptional physical, chemical, electrical, optical, and biological properties. Their strong size‐dependent photoluminescence and the presence of many reactive groups on the graphene surface allow their multimodal conjugation with therapeutic agents, targeting ligands, polymers, light responsive agents, fluorescent dyes, and functional nanoparticles, making them valuable agents for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the very recent advances covering the last 3 years on the applications of GQDs as drug delivery systems and theranostic tools for anticancer therapy are discussed, highlighting the relevant factors which regulate their biocompatibility. Among these factors, the size, kind, and degree of surface functionalization have shown to greatly affect their use in biological systems. Toxicity issues, which still represent an open challenge for the clinical development of GQDs based therapeutic agents, are also discussed at cellular and animal levels.
Insights into the production of upgraded biofuels using Mg‐loaded mesoporous ZSM‐5 zeolites
Authors: Sanahuja‐Parejo Olga , Veses Alberto , López José Manuel , Callén María Soledad , Solsona Benjamín , Richards Nia , Taylor Stuart H. , García Tomás 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBio‐oil catalytic upgrading has been performed using mesoporous Mg‐loaded ZSM‐5. The presence of Mg modifies both textural and acidic properties, which do not only depend on the Mg content (1 and 5 wt. %) but also on the Si/Al ratio of the parent zeolite (25 and 40). Mg impregnation over mesoporous acidic zeolites has been shown to be essential for further deoxygenation of the raw bio‐oil. Thus, remarkable deoxygenation rates have been achieved, exceeding 68 % for a 5 wt. % Mg‐loaded ZSM‐5 (Si/Al=25). For this catalyst, decarboxylation reactions at MgO active sites seem to be predominant, promoting the upgrading of phenols towards the formation of phenolic compounds with lower oxygen content. As in the case of acidic mesoporous ZSM‐5, the formation of aromatics for Mg‐loaded mesoporous ZSM‐5 samples could be mainly related to the promotion of decarbonylation reactions of phenolic compounds over Brønsted acidic sites at the external surface. Interestingly, the presence of strong Lewis acidic sites created by the interaction between (Mg2+OH−)+ species and extra framework alumina jointly with the remaining Brønsted acidic sites at the external surface could enhance the formation of aromatics through cascade reactions involving ketonization and further aldol condensation and dehydration reactions.
The Bioequivalence of Two Peficitinib Formulations, and the Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Peficitinib: Two‐Way Crossover Studies of a Single Dose of 150 mg Peficitinib in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Shibata Mai , Toyoshima Junko , Kaneko Yuichiro , Oda Kazuo , Kiyota Tsuyoshi , Kambayashi Atsushi , Nishimura Tetsuya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe marketed tablet formulation of peficitinib differs from the tablet used during the clinical trials. The bioequivalence of the marketed formulation and developmental tablet, and the food effect on the marketed formulation, were analyzed in 2 Japanese open‐label, randomized, 2‐way crossover studies in healthy male volunteers. Volunteers received a single oral dose of the marketed 150‐mg peficitinib tablet under fasted conditions (bioequivalence), and under fed or fasted conditions (food effect). Bioequivalence was compared with the developmental 150‐mg tablet. Samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected before dose and ≤72 hours after dose. Safety assessments included adverse events, vital signs, and laboratory variables. In total, 40 and 18 subjects were randomized to the bioequivalence and food effect studies, respectively. The 2 peficitinib formulations were bioequivalent (90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratios for Cmax and AUCt of peficitinib were within predefined limits of 0.8 to 1.25). The AUClast and the Cmax of the marketed tablet were 36.8% and 56.4% higher, respectively, under fed versus fasted conditions. Peficitinib was well tolerated. The marketed 150‐mg tablet formulation of peficitinib was bioequivalent to the developmental 150‐mg formulation, with no discernible safety differences. Bioavailability increased under fed conditions with the marketed tablet formulation.
Quantitative Analysis of Protein Self‐Association by Sedimentation Velocity
Authors: Zhao Huaying , Li Wenqi , Chu Wendan , Bollard Mary , Adão Regina , Schuck Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation is a powerful classical method to study protein self‐association processes in solution based on the size‐dependent macromolecular migration in the centrifugal field. This technique can elucidate the assembly scheme, measure affinities ranging from picomolar to millimolar Kd, and in favorable cases provide information on oligomer lifetimes and hydrodynamic shape. The present step‐by‐step protocols detail the essential steps of instrument calibration, experimental setup, and data analysis. Using a widely available commercial protein as a model system, the protocols invite replication and comparison with our results. A commentary discusses principles for modifications in the protocols that may be necessary to optimize application of sedimentation velocity analysis to other self‐associating proteins. ©2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Measurement of external calibration factorsBasic Protocol 2: Sedimentation velocity experiment for protein self‐associationBasic Protocol 3: Sedimentation coefficient distribution analysis in SEDFIT and isotherm analysis in SEDPHAT
Synthesis and Characterization of Push‐Pull Aza‐BODIPY Dyes Towards Application in NIR‐II Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Rattanopas Sopita , Chansaenpak Kantapat , Siwawannapong Kittipan , Ngamchuea Kamonwad , Wet‐osot Sirawit , Treekoon Jongjit , Pewklang Thitima , Jinaphon Thanachit , Sagarik Kritsana , Lai Rung‐Yi , Cheng Liang , Kamkaew Anyanee 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new series of aza‐BODIPYs (CN−X) with significantly red‐shifted absorbances were designed and synthesized by installation of various electron‐donating groups on the para‐positions of 3,5‐phenyl groups while strong electron‐withdrawing groups (nitrile groups) were fixed on the para‐positions of 1,7‐phenyl moieties. Interestingly, strong electron‐donating groups such as N'N‐dimethylaniline (CN−NMe2) could provide strong NIR absorption up to 857 nm and weak fluorescence emission up to 967 nm, whereas strong evidence supported heat production via non‐radiative decay after excitation. Electrochemical studies revealed that the substituents on the dyes showed strong effects on the oxidation potentials where the oxidation wave of CN−NMe2 occurred at the lowest overpotential, followed by CN−OMe, CN−Me, CN−Br and CN−H, respectively. Calculations were also performed to understand the push‐pull effect of the substituents on the aza‐BODIPY systems. Finally, applications of dyes in NIR cancer cell imaging and the NIR‐II photothermal effect were also investigated.
Mass cytometry reveals immune signatures associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) control in recipients of allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplant and CMV‐specific T cells
Authors: McGuire Helen M , Rizzetto Simone , Withers Barbara P , Clancy Leighton E , Avdic Selmir , Stern Lauren , Patrick Ellis , Fazekas de St Groth Barbara , Slobedman Barry , Gottlieb David J , Luciani Fabio , Blyth Emily 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesCytomegalovirus (CMV) is known to have a significant impact on immune recovery post‐allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Adoptive therapy with donor‐derived or third‐party virus‐specific T cells (VST) can restore CMV immunity leading to clinical benefit in prevention and treatment of post‐HSCT infection. We developed a mass cytometry approach to study natural immune recovery post‐HSCT and assess the mechanisms underlying the clinical benefits observed in recipients of VST.MethodsA mass cytometry panel of 38 antibodies was utilised for global immune assessment (72 canonical innate and adaptive immune subsets) in HSCT recipients undergoing natural post‐HSCT recovery (n = 13) and HSCT recipients who received third‐party donor‐derived CMV‐VST as salvage for unresponsive CMV reactivation (n = 8).ResultsMass cytometry identified distinct immune signatures associated with CMV characterised by a predominance of innate cells (monocytes and NK) seen early and an adaptive signature with activated CD8+ T cells seen later. All CMV‐VST recipients had failed standard antiviral pharmacotherapy as a criterion for trial involvement; 5/8 had failed to develop the adaptive immune signature by study enrolment despite significant CMV antigen exposure. Of these, VST administration resulted in development of the adaptive signature in association with CMV control in three patients. Failure to respond to CMV‐VST in one patient was associated with persistent absence of the adaptive immune signature.ConclusionThe clinical benefit of CMV‐VST may be mediated by the recovery of an adaptive immune signature characterised by activated CD8+ T cells.
A compact skull‐shaped defected ground super wideband microstrip monopole antenna for short‐distance wireless communication
Authors: Rahman MD Atiqur , Singh Mandeep Singh Jit , Samsuzzaman MD , Islam Mohammad Tariqul 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this paper, a human skull‐shaped miniaturized super wideband microstrip monopole antenna is presented. The shape of the microstrip radiator is optimized and designed by combining different sizes of semicircular‐ and rectangular‐shaped radiating elements along with a microstrip feed line. On the other hand, a defected ground structure as the ground is placed at the opposite side of the radiator, which is fabricated on Rogers 5880 substrate. The electrical length of the proposed antenna is 0.240 × 0.200 × 0.016 λ at 3 GHz. The CST microwave studio is used for all the required simulations regarding antenna prototype design and optimization. The complete outcomes demonstrate that the proposed miniaturized antenna has a bandwidth of 24.5 GHz (3 to 27.5 GHz) having a radiation pattern in the form of nearly omnidirectional. The measured fractional bandwidth of the antenna is 160.66%, and the bandwidth dimension ratio is 3346.99, which is the highest among the literature review. The maximum calculated gain and efficiency are 6.3 dBi and 93%, respectively. For the time domain analysis, the antenna shows a decent performance in terms of the system group delay and fidelity factor. The numerical and experimental data are investigated throughout the study, which represents that the proposed antenna is suitable for short‐distance wireless communication like wireless local area network/Wi‐Fi/Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)/ultra‐wideband and some other applications.
Trophic response to ecological conditions of habitats: Evidence from trophic variability of freshwater fish
Authors: Choi Bohyung , Lee Changhwa , Takizawa Yuko , Chikaraishi Yoshito , Oh Hye‐Ji , Chang Kwang‐Hyeon , Jang Min‐Ho , Kim Hyun‐Woo , Lee Kyung‐Lak , Shin Kyung‐Hoon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

To adapt to ecological and environmental conditions, species can change their ecological niche (e.g., interactions among species) and function (e.g., prey‐predation, diet competition, and habitat segregation) at the species and guild levels. Stable isotope analysis of bulk carbon and nitrogen of organisms has conventionally been used to evaluate such adaptabilities in the scenopoetic and bionomic views as the isotopic niche width.

Compound‐specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of nitrogen within amino acids provides trophic information without any disruption of scenopoetic views in the isotope ratios, unlike conventional bulk isotope analysis provides both information and therefore frequently hinders its usefulness for trophic information.

We performed CSIA of amino acids to understand the trophic variability of the pike gudgeon Pseudogobio esocinus and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides as representative specialist and generalist fish species, respectively, from 16 ecologically variable habitats in the four major rivers of Korea.

There was little variation (1σ) in the trophic position (TP) among habitats for P. esocinus (± 0.2); however, there was considerably large variation for M. salmoides (± 0.6). The TP of M. salmoides was negatively correlated with the benthic invertebrate indices of the habitats, whereas the TP of P. esocinus showed no significant correlation with any indices. Thus, these two representative fish species have different trophic responses to ecological conditions, which is related to known differences in the trophic niche between specialists (i.e., small niche width) and generalists (i.e., large niche width).

Over the past four decades, the conventional bulk isotope analysis has not been capable of deconvoluting “scenopoetic” and “bionomic” information. However, in the present study, we demonstrated that the CSIA of amino acids could isolate trophic niches from the traditional ecological niche composed of trophic and habitat information and evaluated how biological and ecological indices influence the trophic response of specialists and generalists.
Advances in accelerometry for cardiovascular patients: a systematic review with practical recommendations
Authors: Vetrovsky Tomas , Clark Cain C.T. , Bisi Maria Cristina , Siranec Michal , Linhart Ales , Tufano James J. , Duncan Michael J. , Belohlavek Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsAccelerometers are becoming increasingly commonplace for assessing physical activity; however, their use in patients with cardiovascular diseases is relatively substandard. We aimed to systematically review the methods used for collecting and processing accelerometer data in cardiology, using the example of heart failure, and to provide practical recommendations on how to improve objective physical activity assessment in patients with cardiovascular diseases by using accelerometers.Methods and resultsFour electronic databases were searched up to September 2019 for observational, interventional, and validation studies using accelerometers to assess physical activity in patients with heart failure. Study and population characteristics, details of accelerometry data collection and processing, and description of physical activity metrics were extracted from the eligible studies and synthesized. To assess the quality and completeness of accelerometer reporting, the studies were scored using 12 items on data collection and processing, such as the placement of accelerometer, days of data collected, and criteria for non‐wear of the accelerometer. In 60 eligible studies with 3500 patients (of those, 536 were heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients), a wide variety of accelerometer brands (n = 27) and models (n = 46) were used, with Actigraph being the most frequent (n = 12), followed by Fitbit (n = 5). The accelerometer was usually worn on the hip (n = 32), and the most prevalent wear period was 7 days (n = 22). The median wear time required for a valid day was 600 min, and between two and five valid days was required for a patient to be included in the analysis. The most common measures of physical activity were steps (n = 20), activity counts (n = 15), and time spent in moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (n = 14). Only three studies validated accelerometers in a heart failure population, showing that their accuracy deteriorates at slower speeds. Studies failed to report between one and six (median 4) of the 12 scored items, with non‐wear time criteria and valid day definition being the most underreported items.ConclusionsThe use of accelerometers in cardiology lacks consistency and reporting on data collection, and processing methods need to be improved. Furthermore, calculating metrics based on raw acceleration and machine learning techniques is lacking, opening the opportunity for future exploration. Therefore, we encourage researchers and clinicians to improve the quality and transparency of data collection and processing by following our proposed practical recommendations for using accelerometers in patients with cardiovascular diseases, which are outlined in the article.