bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole almond consumption is associated with better diet quality and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the UK adult population: National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008–2017
Authors: Dikariyanto Vita , Berry Sarah E. , Francis Lucy , Smith Leanne , Hall Wendy L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This work aimed to estimate whole almond consumption in a nationally representative UK survey population and examine associations with diet quality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Methods
Four-day food record data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008–2017 (n = 6802, age ≥ 19 year) were analyzed to investigate associations between whole almond consumption and diet quality, measured by the modified Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and modified Healthy Diet Score (HDS), and CVD risk markers, using survey-adjusted multivariable linear regression.

Results
Whole almond consumption was reported in 7.6% of the population. Median intake in whole almond consumers was 5.0 g/day (IQR 9.3). Consumers had higher diet quality scores relative to non-consumers; higher intakes of protein, total fat, monounsaturated, n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fats, fiber, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and iron; and lower intakes of trans-fatty acids, total carbohydrate, sugar, and sodium. BMI and WC were lower in whole almond consumers compared to non-consumers: 25.5 kg/m2 (95% CI 24.9, 26.2) vs 26.3 kg/m2 (25.9, 26.7), and 88.0 cm (86.2, 89.8) vs 90.1 cm (89.1, 91.2), respectively. However, there were no dose-related fully adjusted significant associations between increasing almond intake (g per 1000 kcal energy intake) and lower CVD risk markers.

Conclusions
Almond intake is low in the UK population, but consumption was associated with better dietary quality and lower CVD risk factors. Habitual consumption of whole almonds should be encouraged as part of a healthy diet.
Calcium physiology of sweet cherry fruits
Authors: Winkler Andreas , Fiedler Bennet , Knoche Moritz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKey messageXylem functionality is the primary determinant of the Ca relations of developing sweet cherry. Calcium influx is positively related to transpiration and decreases as xylem functionality is progressively lost during development.AbstractFruit calcium (Ca) may be associated with susceptibility to rain cracking in sweet cherry but little background information is available on the fruits’ Ca relations. The objectives of the study were to identify the key determinants of the Ca content in developing sweet cherry fruit. The masses of Ca and K in the flesh (mg per fruit) increased continuously through to maturity. However, their dry mass ratios [mg per g dry mass (DM)] decreased continuously. The decrease in Ca/dry mass ratio was to about 30% of the transition stage II/III value, and for K to about 55%. These decreases occurred in all cultivars investigated. Moreover, the Ca mass per fruit and the Ca/dry mass ratio were normally distributed and wide ranging; the maximum recorded values were about twice the minimum ones. Within a fruit, the Ca/dry mass ratio was two to three times higher in the stem end than in the stylar scar end. Fruit held under low relative humidity (26.2%) contained more Ca per fruit and had a higher Ca/dry mass ratio compared with fruit held under high humidity (91.6%). There was a positive relationship between Ca mass per fruit and cumulative transpiration. Our results indicate xylem functionality is the primary determinant of the Ca relations of sweet cherry fruit.
Stellungnahme der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie (ÖGP)
Authors: Flick H. , Arns B. M. , Bolitschek J. , Bucher B. , Cima K. , Gingrich E. , Handzhiev S. , Hochmair M. , Horak F. , Idzko M. , Jaksch P. , Kovacs G. , Kropfmüller R. , Lamprecht B. , Löffler-Ragg J. , Meilinger M. , Olschewski H. , Pfleger A. , Puchner B. , Puelacher C. , Prior C. , Rodriguez P. , Salzer H. , Schenk P. , Schindler O. , Stelzmüller I. , Strenger V. , Täubl H. , Urban M. , Wagner M. , Wimberger F. , Zacharasiewicz A. , Zwick R. H. , Eber E. 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19-Pandemie stellt derzeit weltweit eine Herausforderung dar. In Österreich konnte eine Krise innerhalb des medizinischen Versorgungssystems bisher verhindert werden. Die Behandlung von Patienten mit ambulant erworbener Pneumonie („community acquired pneumonia“, CAP), inklusive durch SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen, sollte sich auch während der Pandemie weiterhin an evidenzbasierten CAP-Leitlinien orientieren. COVID-19-spezifische Anpassungen sind jedoch sinnvoll. Die Behandlung von Patienten mit chronischen Lungenerkrankungen muss während der Pandemie angepasst werden, ist aber weiterhin zu gewährleisten.
A recurrent neural network for urban long-term traffic flow forecasting
Authors: Belhadi Asma , Djenouri Youcef , Djenouri Djamel , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the use of recurrent neural network to predict urban long-term traffic flows. A representation of the long-term flows with related weather and contextual information is first introduced. A recurrent neural network approach, named RNN-LF, is then proposed to predict the long-term of flows from multiple data sources. Moreover, a parallel implementation on GPU of the proposed solution is developed (GRNN-LF), which allows to boost the performance of RNN-LF. Several experiments have been carried out on real traffic flow including a small city (Odense, Denmark) and a very big city (Beijing). The results reveal that the sequential version (RNN-LF) is capable of dealing effectively with traffic of small cities. They also confirm the scalability of GRNN-LF compared to the most competitive GPU-based software tools when dealing with big traffic flow such as Beijing urban data.
Reachability and Safety Objectives in Markov Decision Processes on Long but Finite Horizons
Authors: Ashkenazi-Golan Galit , Flesch János , Predtetchinski Arkadi , Solan Eilon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe consider discrete-time Markov decision processes in which the decision maker is interested in long but finite horizons. First we consider reachability objective: the decision maker’s goal is to reach a specific target state with the highest possible probability. A strategy is said to overtake another strategy, if it gives a strictly higher probability of reaching the target state on all sufficiently large but finite horizons. We prove that there exists a pure stationary strategy that is not overtaken by any pure strategy nor by any stationary strategy, under some condition on the transition structure and respectively under genericity. A strategy that is not overtaken by any other strategy, called an overtaking optimal strategy, does not always exist. We provide sufficient conditions for its existence. Next we consider safety objective: the decision maker’s goal is to avoid a specific state with the highest possible probability. We argue that the results proven for reachability objective extend to this model.
PyDSC: a simple tool to treat differential scanning calorimetry data
Authors: Cisse Aline , Peters Judith , Lazzara Giuseppe , Chiappisi Leonardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHerein, we describe an open-source, Python-based, script to treat the output of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments, called pyDSC, available free of charge for download at https://github.com/leonardo-chiappisi/pyDSC under a GNU General Public License v3.0. The main aim of this program is to provide the community with a simple program to analyze raw DSC data. Key features include the correction from spurious signals, and, most importantly, the baseline is computed with a robust, physically consistent approach. We also show that the baseline correction routine implemented in the script is significantly more reproducible than different standard ones proposed by proprietary instrument control software provided with the microcalorimeter used in this work. Finally, the program can be easily applied to large amount of data, improving the reliability and reproducibility of DSC experiments.
From physical spaces to learning environments: processes in which physical spaces are transformed into learning environments
Authors: Kokko Anna Kristiina , Hirsto Laura 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the change from physical spaces to learning environments by examining how, and through which processes, learning spaces are transformed, produced and developed. For this purpose, we used a comparative ethnography approach and collected observation material from two Finnish schools at different development phases. The material was supplemented by focus-group interviews with teachers and individual interviews with principals. The results suggest that no ready-made models exist which fit into a new context. Rather, practices are constructed in physical spaces through active negotiations and meaning- making in three cyclic interaction processes (i.e., interaction between teachers, interaction between students and teachers, and interaction between students). Hence, through cyclic processes with strong support from teachers, students managed to find tools to build learning environments suited to their needs, which further enabled the expansion of learning environments inside and outside school walls. Nevertheless, changes in practices required an overall change in every aspect of the school. Focusing on the processes of change, results provide information from a systemic perspective on how schools can manage continuous change when developing physical spaces into learning environments.
The Scarring Effect of the 2008 Economic Crisis: Growth and Growth Decline in Austria’s Nonprofit Social Services Sector
Authors: Pennerstorfer Astrid , Reitzinger Stephanie , Schneider Ulrike 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince the 2008 economic crisis, social service providers worldwide have reported funding cuts, while the need for some social services has been increasing. This paper examines the combined and longer-term effects of such divergent developments on the nonprofit social services sector. The empirical analysis uses Austrian administrative data on six subfields of the sector covering the years 2003–2017. We investigate significant changes in the trends of four growth indicators applying interrupted time series analysis. We find that the 2008 economic crisis is associated with persistently lower growth rates in Austria’s nonprofit social services sector. The magnitude of this dampening effect differs across subsectors. Additionally, our findings suggest an increase in market concentration. Hence, the study discloses a long-term scarring effect of the economic crisis on Austria’s social services sector, raising doubts on the sector’s future resilience.
The effect of in-lab polysomnography and home sleep polygraphy on sleep position
Authors: Kukwa Wojciech , Migacz Ewa , Lis Tomasz , Ishman Stacey L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Little is known regarding the influence of in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG) equipment on sleep position, especially on the prevalence of supine positioning, which in many cases may lead to a more severe sleep apnea diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess the percentage of supine sleep during an in-laboratory PSG compared to that seen during a home sleep apnea test (HSAT).

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study comparing in-laboratory PSG and HSAT using a peripheral arterial tone (PAT) technology device.

Results
Of 445 PSG and 416 HSAT studies analyzed, there was no significant difference in the proportion of supine sleep time between PSG (44%) and HSAT (45%, p = 0.53). Analysis of the differences in sleep position (supine versus non-supine), analyzed by sex, BMI (≥ 30 kg/m2 versus < 30 kg/m2), and age (≥ 60 years versus < 60 years), was significant only for women, who had more supine sleep during HSAT at 61 ± 24% than during PSG at 45 ± 26% (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Overall there was no difference in the percentage of supine sleep when comparing in-laboratory PSG to HSAT. However, women had more supine sleep with HSAT than with PSG.
Do Worry and Brooding Predict Health Behaviors? A Daily Diary Investigation
Authors: Clancy F. , O’Connor D. B. , Prestwich A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Meta-analyses have reported associations between perseverative cognition (both worry and brooding) and increased engagement in health-risk behaviors, poorer sleep, and poorer physiological health outcomes.

Method
Using a daily diary design, this study investigated the within- and between-person relationships between state and trait perseverative cognition and health behaviors (eating behavior, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and sleep) both cross-sectionally and prospectively. Participants (n = 273, 93% students, Mage = 20.2, SD = 4.11, 93% female) completed morning and evening diaries across 7 consecutive days.

Results
Multilevel modeling analyses revealed that, cross-sectionally, higher levels of state worry were associated with more time spent sitting and higher levels of state brooding predicted less daily walking.

Conclusion
Worry and brooding may represent useful intervention targets for improving inactivity and walking levels, respectively.
Biophysical nanocharacterization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells through atomic force microscopy
Authors: Zapotoczny Bartlomiej , Braet Filip , Wisse Eddie , Lekka Malgorzata , Szymonski Marek 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe structural-functional hallmark of the liver sinusoidal endothelium is the presence of fenestrae grouped in sieve plates. Fenestrae are open membrane bound pores supported by a (sub)membranous cytoskeletal lattice. Changes in number and diameter of fenestrae alter bidirectional transport between the sinusoidal blood and the hepatocytes. Their physiological relevance has been shown in different liver disease models. Although the structural organization of fenestrae has been well documented using different electron microscopy approaches, the dynamic nature of those pores remained an enigma until the recent developments in the research field of four dimensional (4-D) AFM. In this contribution we highlight how AFM as a biophysical nanocharacterization tool enhanced our understanding in the dynamic behaviour of liver sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae. Different AFM probing approaches, including spectroscopy, enabled mapping of topography and nanomechanical properties at unprecedented resolution under live cell imaging conditions. This dynamic biophysical characterization approach provided us with novel information on the ‘short’ life-span, formation, disappearance and closure of hepatic fenestrae. These observations are briefly reviewed against the existing literature.
The effect of environmental drivers on summer spatial variability of water temperature in Polish lowland watercourses
Authors: Łaszewski Maksym Andrzej 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThermal properties of streams and rivers, due to significant impact on biota and other physico-chemical water properties, were broadly recognized in hydrological literature last years. Nevertheless, water temperature of temperate lowland watercourses has received relatively small attention, despite the development of new measurement devices and techniques. Thus, the current study attempt to document spatial water temperature variability of lowland watercourses and examined the effects of environmental drivers on their thermal heterogeneity. For this purpose, water temperature was monitored from May to October 2017 with the use of digital data loggers in 20 sites located in central Poland, representing two spatial scales—main rivers (MR) and tributaries (TR). On the basis of the measurement data, statistical distribution of magnitude and variability water temperature parameters was presented, whereas cluster analysis (Ward method) was used to group sites similar in their thermal properties. Furthermore, selected catchment and channel metrics were computed using GIS software for each site, which in combine with the principal component analysis allowed to assess the effect of such metrics on thermal parameters. Then, to support the findings of PCA and assess meteorological dependence of the water temperature, linear regression between daily mean water and air temperatures was performed. The results indicate that in terms of magnitude and variability parameters TR scale sites demonstrated clear thermal heterogeneity, particularly in comparison to MR sites, characterized by similar thermal properties even between separate, independent catchments; in such sites the highest thermal contrast were related to anthropogenic impacts, such as reservoir releases and sewage inflows. Clear longitudinal zonation of water temperature parameters was found as presented by first two principal components, which was related to transition from small headwater sites to the largest, downstream catchments, driven mainly by changes of catchment area, mean slope, and width:depth ratio. The increase of the catchment area also resulted in a shift in linear regression parameters, which suggested higher meteorological control in the downstream direction and simultaneously, lower impacts of groundwater inflows. The obtained results provide new insight into lowland watercourses temperature behavior, being of primary significance in the context of fisheries and environmental management, particularly in the face of climate warming and increasing anthropopressure.
Highly selective and stable Zn–Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst for aromatization of propane
Authors: Oseke Gbenga Godwin , Atta Abdulazeez Yusuf , Mukhtar Bello , Jibril Baba Yakubu , Aderemi Benjamin Olorunfemi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLight alkane aromatization for aromatic compound production, used in petrochemical industries is an attractive area of research. The effect of second metal co-impregnation was investigated in stabilizing zinc on ZSM-5 in aromatization of propane. HZSM-5 was modified with zinc and iron metal by co wet-impregnation and characterized using XRF, XRD, BET, N2-adsorption, FTIR, FTIR-Pyridine, SEM, TEM, H2-TPR and XPS. The effect of different loadings of Iron on Zn/ZSM-5 was investigated on acidity, aromatic yield, product distribution and aromatization performance. Performance test was conducted in a fixed bed reactor at 540 °C, one atmosphere. GHSV of 1200 mL/g-h. Co-impregnation of Zn with Fe improved the catalytic activity and aromatic yield for 10 h time on stream as compared to parent HZSM-5 and Zn/ZSM-5 of very low aromatic yield and propane conversion. Impregnation of Zn as the dehydrogenating metal on HZSM-5 steadily increased aromatic yield from 5% on HZSM-5 to 25% and was steadily dropped to 20% after 10 h TOS. The co-impregnation of iron of 1–3 wt% loading as the second metal for zinc stability with 2 wt% Zn on ZSM-5 improved propane conversion and aromatic yield to 55% for the 10 h TOS. This further enhanced aromatic product distribution and minimized light gases.
Geofencing requirements for onboard safe operation monitoring
Authors: Torens Christoph , Nikodem Florian , Dauer Johann C. , Schirmer Sebastian , Dittrich Jörg S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe new concept for operation of drones, published by EASA in 2015, enables new ways to influence and possibly reduce the necessary safety targets of certain system components without reducing the overall safety of the unmanned aircraft system (UAS). Based on the safety assessment, the specific category enables new aircraft system architectures and mission designs. In this context, this paper analyzes runtime monitoring as a strategy to contain the UAS in its operational volume. To assure predefined properties in flight and thus assure the safety of the operation in progress with a high robustness, a formal methodology for safe operation monitoring is utilized. With this approach, this work targets to link the concept of safe operation monitoring with the upcoming regulations regarding the specific category and the specific operation risk assessment (SORA). One particular aspect of this safe operation monitoring is geofencing, the capability to contain a UAS in a previously restricted area. In the regulatory framework of a specific operation, risk assessment is required and so is the containment of the UAS in its operational volume. The functional and safety requirements for geofencing regarding their impact on the underlying specific operation risk assessment are discussed. To facilitate this discussion, a taxonomy of geofencing characteristics is derived based on a literature survey. Consequently, the geofencing requirements are assessed regarding their robustness and applicability for certification purposes. As a result, by monitoring the integrity of the system at runtime using geofencing as an example, it is investigated if the requirements and thus costs of development and certification process for the remaining components can be reduced.
Reviewing the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) to Enhance Societal Readiness for El Niño’s Impacts
Authors: Glantz Michael H. , Ramirez Ivan J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNOAA’s Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) is used to record for historical purposes the occurrence and duration of El Niño episodes, based on the monitoring of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central Pacific Ocean. The ONI is used to identify the onset of an above average SST threshold that persists for several months, encompassing both the beginning and end of an El Niño episode. The first appearance of an anomalous seasonal value of 0.5 °C suggests with a high probability that an El Niño could emerge, but for heightened warnings, one must wait for several months. In this article, we proposed that the ONI value of 0.7 °C identifies a tipping point at which the El Niño event becomes locked in, which can provide additional lead time for mitigative actions to be taken by societal decision makers. Our preliminary findings suggest that a first appearance of 0.7 °C value could serve as a credible marker of El Niño’s locked-in phase, which can provide additional credibility to the current 0.5 °C El Niño onset indicator for at-risk societies to get ready for El Niño’s foreseeable societal and ecological impacts.
Strong consistency of local linear estimation of a conditional density function under random censorship
Authors: Benkhaled Abdelkader , Madani Fethi , Khardani Salah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study nonparametric local linear estimation of the conditional density of a randomly censored scalar response variable given a functional random covariate. We establish under general conditions the pointwise almost sure convergence with rates of this estimator under$$\alpha $$α-mixing dependence. Finally, to show interests of our results, on the practical point of view, we have conducted a computational study, first on a simulated data and, then on some real data concerning Kidney transplant data.