bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ, High‐Resolution Quantification of CO2 Uptake Rates via Automated Off‐Gas Analysis Illuminates Carbon Uptake Dynamics in Cyanobacterial Cultures
Authors: Jones Christopher M. , Innes Sean , Holland Steven , Burch Tyson , Parrish Sydney , Nielsen David R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTQuantification of cyanobacterial CO2 fixation rates is vital to determining their potential as industrial strains in a circular bioeconomy. Currently, however, CO2 fixation rates are most often determined through indirect and/or low‐resolution methods, resulting in an incomplete picture of both dynamic behaviors and total carbon fixation potential. To address this, we developed the “Automated Carbon and CO2 Experimental Sampling System” (ACCESS); a low‐cost system for in situ off‐gas analysis that supports the automated acquisition of high‐resolution volumetric CO2 uptake rates from multiple cyanobacterial cultures in parallel. Carbon fixation data obtained via ACCESS were first independently validated by elemental analysis of cultivated biomass. Using ACCESS, we then demonstrate how the volumetric CO2 uptake rate of two model cyanobacteria, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, accelerates linearly to a maximum before then decaying monotonically to cessation by stationary phase. Furthermore, consistent with the expected stoichiometry, strong correlations were also found to exist between cell growth and carbon fixation, both in terms of rates as well as total levels. The novel insights made possible via ACCESS will aid other cyanobacterial researchers in diverse fundamental and applied research efforts.
Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Combination With Chemotherapy for Extensive Small Cell Lung Cancer: Real‐World Evidence
Authors: Yamanaka Yuta , Okuno Yukiko , Kamisako Keisuke , Okazaki Yuta , Nakanishi Kentaro , Sanada Yume , Yoshida Kiyori , Ikoma Tatsuki , Takeyasu Yuki , Katsushima Utae , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Kurata Takayasu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionExtensive small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) are currently managed using first‐line chemotherapy options, including atezolizumab (Atezo) plus etoposide and carboplatin (CE) or durvalumab (Durva) plus etoposide with either cisplatin (PE) or carboplatin (CE). However, a definitive distinction in therapeutic effects between Atezo and Durva in these regimens remains unestablished.MethodsWe analyzed data from 100 patients diagnosed with ES‐SCLC who received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as first‐line chemotherapy. Among them, 70 were administered Atezo + CE, 12 received Durva + PE, and 18 received Durva + CE. We assessed the efficacy of the two ICIs across various factors.ResultsThe progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) did not significantly differ between Atezo + CE and Durva + CE/PE as first‐line chemotherapy treatments for SCLC. We observed no significant differences in age, sex, performance status (PS), liver metastasis, bone metastasis, or platinum‐based agent usage between the treatment cohorts. However, a marked improvement in PFS and OS was observed in the solitary patient with brain metastasis treated with Atezo + CE.ConclusionThe primary distinction between these treatments was observed in the management of patients with brain metastasis. The literature lacks comparative studies on the effects of first‐line ICI treatment on the central nervous system, rendering our findings significant in clinical practice. Despite the retrospective nature of this study and the potential for various biases, we recommend the preferential use of Atezo + CE in patients with brain metastasis to potentially enhance prognosis.
Modulation of the Pore Environment in Pillar‐Layered MOFs for One‐Step Purification of Ethylene
Authors: Wang Yi , Tan Jian , Ren Yongheng , Chen Yang , Li Jinping , Li Libo 
Published: December 2024

Comprehensive SummaryDue to the extremely similar physical and chemical properties of C2H6, C2H4, and C2H2, purifying ethylene from the C2 ternary mixture in one‐step is very challenging. In this work, we developed a series of pillar‐layered MOF materials ((Ni(BTC)(Bipy), Ni(BTC)(3‐Me‐Bipy), and Ni(BTC)(3‐NH2‐Bipy)) through the functionalization of pillar ligands using pore engineering strategies. Single‐component adsorption isotherm measurements demonstrate that these materials preferentially adsorb C2H6 and C2H2, thereby achieving one‐step purification of the three C2 hydrocarbons to obtain C2H4. By introducing functional groups on the pillars, the selectivity for C₂H₆/C₂H₄ increased by over 10%, while the selectivity for C₂H₂/C₂H₄ increased by more than 300%. Specifically, Ni(BTC)(3‐NH2‐Bipy) exhibits a selectivity of 1.5 for C2H6/C2H4 (50/50, V/V) and 5.16 for C2H2/C2H4 (1/99, V/V). Under ambient conditions, the adsorption capacity of Ni(BTC)(3‐NH2‐Bipy) for C2H2 reached 121.6 cm3/g, Ni(BTC)(3‐NH2‐Bipy) exhibits superior C2H2 adsorption capacity and C2H2/C2H4 selectivity compared to many classic materials, including TJT‐100, Azole‐Th‐1, and MOF‐808‐Bzz, commonly used for C2H4 purification from C2 ternary mixtures. Dynamic breakthrough experiments indicate that in a ternary C2 mixture, Ni(BTC)(3‐NH2‐Bipy) preferentially captures C2H6 and C2H2, enabling one‐step purification of C2H4.
A Synchronous Buck Converter With a Wide Input Voltage Range Using Simulated Peak Current Mode Control
Authors: Zou Wei , Xiong Zili , Cheng Zhengwang , Zhang Li , Wang Mei , Ma Xinguo , Huang Chuyun , Zou Xuecheng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWith the rapid development of automotive infotainment, industrial DC‐DC motors and telecom servers, the demand for buck converters with high‐input or wide‐input voltage is increased. This paper proposes a synchronous buck converter with a wide input voltage range, utilizing a simulated peak current mode. The proposed simulated peak current control mode removes the need for a separate slope compensation circuit. By integrating a slope compensation current directly into the ramp generator, it eliminates subharmonic oscillation issues when the duty cycle in current mode control exceeds 50%, thereby simplifying circuit design. The proposed simulated peak current mode retains the key advantages of peak current mode, such as feedforward control, easy overcurrent protection, and easy loop compensation, while significantly enhancing the loop's immunity to interference. This enhancement reduces the noise sensitivity of the pulse width modulation circuit, eliminates false switch turn‐offs caused by leading‐edge spikes, and removes the need for external low‐pass filters. Furthermore, with the integration of high‐voltage regulation technology, it achieves a wide input–output range, broadening its application scope. As a result, the proposed mode is more robust and reliable in applications with high stability and anti‐interference requirements, such as automotive infotainment, industrial DC–DC motors, and telecom servers, offering strong support for reliable and precise power system performance. The proposed converter is implemented using UMC 250 nm BCD technology and operated at a frequency range of 50 kHz–1 MHz, with the maximum output current up to 7 A, a wide input voltage range of 6–100 V, and an output voltage range of 1.215–80 V. Besides, excellent minimum ripple/output ratio (0.0325%) and maximum power efficiency (90.93%) are achieved.
Mortality after high‐risk myocardial infarction over the last 20 years: Insights from the VALIANT and PARADISE‐MI trials
Authors: Foà Alberto , Pabon Maria A. , Braunwald Eugene , Jering Karola , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Claggett Brian L. , Køber Lars , Lewis Eldrin F. , Granger Christopher B. , van der Meer Peter , Rouleau Jean L. , Maggioni Aldo P. , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D. , Pfeffer Marc A. 
Published: December 2024

AimsThe temporal changes in clinical profiles and outcomes of high‐risk myocardial infarction survivors enrolled in clinical trials are poorly described. This study compares mortality rates, baseline characteristics, and the prognostic impact of therapies among participants of the VALIANT and PARADISE‐MI trials.Methods and resultsExclusively VALIANT participants who matched the inclusion criteria of the PARADISE‐MI trial were included in the analysis. Risk of death was compared between trials using Cox regression models. The impact of baseline characteristics and therapies on mortality was estimated by the magnitude reduction of β coefficients using Cox proportional hazards regression models. A total of 9617 VALIANT participants matched the inclusion criteria of the PARADISE‐MI trial (n = 5661). All‐cause mortality in PARADISE‐MI was less than half that in VALIANT (4.2 vs 9.9 per 100 patient‐years; hazard ratio [HR] 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37–0.46). This difference was reduced after adjustment for clinical variables but remained substantial (adjusted HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.58–0.80). The most important mediator of this reduction related to covariate adjustment was the use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), accounting for almost half of the attenuation observed. Similar results were found for cardiovascular (CV) death, while no between‐trial significant differences were found in the non‐CV mortality risk.ConclusionsCardiovascular mortality following high‐risk myocardial infarction has significantly declined over time, while the risk for non‐CV death has remained unchanged. This improvement is partially attributable to advancements in CV care, particularly the use of PCI. Continued efforts to implement guidelines and standardize the quality of care are needed to sustain this positive trend.
Multi‐Objective Evaluation Method for Efficient Water Energy Utilization in Multistage Hydraulic Turbines With Ultrahigh Water Head and Low Flow Rate
Authors: Zhang Zichao , Zhao Sanya , Li Yanpin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, a multi‐objective comprehensive evaluation method is established by comprehensively considering the power and shaft diameter of a multistage hydraulic turbine with an ultrahigh water head and low flow rate to utilize water energy efficiently. Using this method, several schemes for calculating the runner's geometric parameters are attained through the scheme design of different maximum numbers of stages and rotational speeds under different operating conditions of water pressure and flow rate. The reasonable schemes are determined by the maximum value in the intersection of runner diameter value ranges, the blade inlet angle β1 ≥ 12° and the blade inlet flow angle α1 ≥ 6°. Based on the multi‐objective function of water energy utilization considering the comprehensive performance of the runner diameter and power, the design parameters and design stage numbers of the multistage hydraulic turbine with the optimal comprehensive performance of power and shaft diameter are obtained. This method is recommended for the design of ultra‐low specific speed multistage hydraulic turbines with a specific speed of less than 50.
Evaluating the role of inherited structural discontinuities in badland erosional processes with landscape evolution modelling
Authors: Aksay Selçuk , Schoorl Jeroen M. , Veldkamp Antonie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCatchment‐wide erosion and sedimentation behaviour is influenced by variety of controls. One of these controls is erodibility, which may be determined by the lithological properties (e.g. texture, porosity) or the (density of) structural discontinuities (e.g. faults, fractures). In this study, the potential role of different erodibility of lithology and faults in spatio‐temporal erosion and sedimentation behaviour was evaluated using the landscape evolution model, Landscape Process Modelling at Multi‐dimensions and Scales (LAPSUS). The study area, Kula Badlands (western Turkey), is known for dense badland gully networks, incised into fine‐grained sediments in one of the tributaries of the Gediz River, the Geren catchment. An earlier field‐based study demonstrated the fault‐controlled net erosion and consequent sedimentation in these badlands. Here, we test the role of lithology and faults in landscape development with scenario‐based modelling. A reconstructed PalaeoDEM, representing a 30‐ka‐old landscape, was used as an input. Scenario simulations were conducted with lithology‐ and fault‐related erodibility and sedimentability factors. Simulation results demonstrate a significant difference in spatial erodibility and sedimentability and catchment erosion and sedimentation behaviour. Incorporating higher erodibility factors for fault zones caused not only a considerable amount of within‐catchment erosion in fault‐determined erosion zones, but also a decrease in overall catchment sediment export. In addition, high constant sedimentability lowers the sediment export considerably whilst slightly increasing total erosion rates. These outcomes indicate that fault zones with higher erodibility can increase accommodation spaces, producing temporary (re)sedimentation locations, which decrease overall sediment delivery from its catchment on the long run. The model simulations suggest that fault‐related higher erodibility and sedimentability can be important factors in controlling landscape dynamics at the local and catchment scale.
Mapping tsunami deposits through a classification model based on satellite images
Authors: Saldaña Bladimir , Cisternas Marco , Chávez Roberto O. , Aedo Diego , Guerra Mario , Carreño Alexandra 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAssessing tsunami risk requires knowledge of the potential inundation area, which can be inferred from the spatial distribution of tsunami deposits. However, field surveys of tsunami deposits are time‐consuming and occasionally pose challenges, such as disturbance of sedimentary evidence by human and natural causes. Here, we propose a novel technique capable of mapping tsunami deposits using remote sensing, which was tested along a coastal stretch of central Chile following the tsunami of 27 February 2010. We trained a classification model using high‐resolution satellite images from before (September 2004 and January 2005) and after (April 2010) the 2010 tsunami to map the sand deposit, yielding an overall accuracy of about 86%. Our satellite mapping of the deposit was validated with field observations in pits and eyewitness interviews conducted about a decade after the tsunami. The field data matched the model predictions by 88%. Likewise, our satellite mapping was also contrasted with the inundation area reported by previous post‐tsunami surveys. The spatial distribution of the tsunami sand deposit inferred from our model reproduces a minimum inundation area, which was almost as extensive as the actual inundation area. Sand inundation ranged from 50 to 600 m inland, matching about 90% of water inundation. Both sand and water inundation were controlled by the land slope. Application of our technique to a satellite image from 11 years after the tsunami (May 2021) shows that the detection ability of the sand deposit was lost by about 86%, which is attributed to human intervention and masking by new soil development. Our results suggest that extensive tsunami deposits can be accurately mapped by a supervised classification model in a lesser time than that employed in field surveys.
A Hybrid Method Combining Mimetic Finite Difference and Discontinuous Galerkin for Two‐Phase Reservoir Flow Problems
Authors: Rao Xiang , He Xupeng , Kwak Hyung , Hoteit Hussein 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe introduce a new hybrid numerical approach that integrates the Mimetic Finite Difference (MFD) and Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods, termed the MFD‐DG method. This technique leverages the MFD method to adeptly manage arbitrary quadrilateral meshes and full permeability tensors, addressing the flow equation for both edge‐center and cell‐center pressures. It also provides an approximation for phase fluxes across interfaces and within cells. Subsequently, the DG scheme, equipped with a slope limiter, is applied to the convection‐dominated transport equation to compute nodal and cell‐average water saturations. We present two numerical examples that demonstrate the MFD's capability to deliver high‐precision approximations of pressure and flux distributions across a broad spectrum of grid types. Furthermore, our proposed hybrid MFD‐DG method demonstrates a significantly enhanced ability to capture sharp water flooding fronts with greater accuracy compared to the traditional Finite Difference (FD) Method. To further demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, four numerical examples are provided to illustrate the MFD‐DG method's superiority over the classical Finite Volume (FV) method and MFDM, particularly in scenarios characterized by anisotropic permeability tensors and intricate geometries.
Characterization of Microbial Community and Flavor Compounds in Traditional Fermented Douchi Using HTS and HS‐SPME‐GC–MS
Authors: Luo Aiguo , Liu Tiantian , Shi Shengli , Liu Xiaoxia , Shi Xiaoli , Hu Bianfang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aim is to elucidate the relationship between the microbial community dynamics and the production of volatile flavor compounds during the fermentation process of bacterial‐type Douchi. Using high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) and headspace solid‐phase microextraction, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS) was used to investigate microbial diversity and volatile compound profiles at different fermentation stages. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to identify potential associations between microbial genera and flavor compounds. The results revealed that the dominant bacterial phyla were Pseudomonadota and Firmicutes, with the dominant genera being Bacillus, Enterobacter, and Weissella. The dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycetes and Mucoromycota, whereas the dominant genera were Aspergillus, Trastula, and Pythium. A total of 110 volatile substances (relative to a relative content ≥ 0.03%) were detected during the fermentation process of bacterial‐type Douchi. These included 34 hydrocarbons, 17 alcohols, 11 heterocyclic compound, 10 acids, 9 ketones, 9 esters, 6 aldehydes, 6 sulfur compounds, and 8 other compounds. The characteristic flavor compounds identified were ethanolamine, 2,3‐butanediol, benzoaldehyde, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, pterin‐6‐carboxylic acid, ethyl heptanoate, and diallyl disulfide. Correlation analysis indicated a strong positive association between benzoin aldehyde and pterin‐6‐carboxylic acid with the genera Thiobacillus and Pythium. Ethyl heptanoate was positively correlated with Enterobacter, Weissella, and Trasmium. Additionally, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone was positively correlated with the genus Staphylococcus. This research provides valuable insights into the microbial and chemical dynamics of bacterial‐type Douchi fermentation, offering guidance for optimizing fermentation processes to improve product quality.
Prolonging Shelf Life and Meat Quality of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by Immersing in Pine Nut (Pinus gerardiana) Extract During Cold Storage
Authors: Soleimani Shaghayegh , Haghighat Khajavi Shabnam , Safari Reza 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a freshwater fish susceptible to chemical and microbial spoilage, limiting its shelf life. This study aimed to enhance and extend the rainbow trout fillets' shelf life stored at 4°C ± 1°C through an immersion treatment using ultrasound‐assisted, defatted pine nut (Pinus gerardiana Wallich) extracts at concentrations of 1% and 2% (w/v), compared to the control group (0% pine nut). Evaluations were conducted at storage intervals of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days. The methodology assessed antioxidant activity through 2,2‐diphenyl 1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, which showed a linear increase with pine nut extract concentration, reaching 59.24% at 2%. Chemical indicators, such as peroxide values, thiobarbituric acid values, free fatty acids, and total volatile basic nitrogen, decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with higher concentrations of pine nut extract, with the lowest values recorded at 2% across all storage days. Microbial analysis showed a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in the total viable count, psychrotrophic bacteria count, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and H₂S‐producing bacteria with increasing pine nut concentrations, with the 2% treatment yielding the lowest microbial loads throughout storage. Sensory evaluation indicated that higher pine nut concentrations improved the acceptability of color, odor, and taste (p ≤ 0.05). However, significant degradation (p ≤ 0.05) in chemical, microbial, and sensory parameters occurred with prolonged storage duration. In conclusion, the 2% pine nut extract was the most effective immersion treatment for extending the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets for up to 12 days.
Airway Management in Microvascular Reconstruction of the Head and Neck: Current Practice Patterns
Authors: Kimia Rotem , Nassif Abudinen Samih J. , Hanna Craig , Jung Christian , O'Leary Miriam , Tracy Lauren F. , Tracy Jeremiah C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify current airway management practice patterns during free tissue transfer (FTT) reconstruction of head and neck defects.MethodsA 27‐question survey distributed to American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) members. Correlation between surgeon and patient variables with likelihood to perform tracheotomy and tracheotomy technique were evaluated.ResultsOur survey yielded 151 respondents. The majority (69.5%) reported performing tracheotomy for “most”/“every” FTT case. There was higher likelihood (p < 0.05) toward tracheotomy for patients with poor preoperative pulmonary status, larger defect size, and reconstruction of glossectomy and oropharyngeal defects. Tracheotomy was less likely (p < 0.05) during reconstruction of maxillary or palatal defects. Surgeons in practice for > 10 years were less likely to perform tracheotomy following reconstruction of hemiglossectomy defects (OR 0.36, p = 0.018, 95% CI 0.18–0.72).ConclusionThis study identified practice patterns of airway management in patients undergoing head and neck FTT reconstruction. There is no current consensus regarding perioperative airway management in these patients.