bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Democracy and Language in Jürgen Habermas’s Discourse Theory
Authors: Maceratini Arianna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The concept of hermeneutic science is outlined by Habermas as a reflection within the ordinary language, addressed to the dialogic dimension of intersubjective recognition and connected to the juridical guarantee. The guarantee function fulfilled by the discursive agreement towards every real dialogue is obvious: it indicates the main reference point for the regulation and coordination of social action, tracing a line of demarcation between being and having to be, facts and norms. Speech, communicative agreement and legal guarantee are mutually qualified terms where the public discussion of institutional issues makes it possible to define the normative validity as non-assimilatory generality, placed beyond any populistic yearning, tracing a line of demarcation between law and power. The idea of deliberative democracy expresses the relationship and distinction between the universalism of rights and the factuality of the norm issuing, between the idea of good and the idea of right, in order to support democratic decision-making legitimacy. Combining the reasons of the markets with those of civil solidarity, through independent forms of regulation both from the obsolete state sovereignties and from the traditional international perspectives, represents a primary challenge of the Habermasian theory where the critical role of the rational public sphere appears fundamental.
The New Digital Grammar in the Culture of Institutions
Authors: Gambino Francesco 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The paper aims to explore the phenomenon of the spread in democracy of new powers – produced by inexhaustible technological developments – from the perspective of the philosophy of Institutions. It traces the original idea of democracy, in which the «government of the people» arises from the conversion of natural liberty into social and political liberty, dwells on the political and juridical meaning of authority, analyses the traditional instruments used to condition human opinions and behaviours, and reconstructs – in light of this itinerary – the functioning and new grammar of the digital order. What opens before us is a fluid and disorganized scenario, dominated by digital systems, algorithms and artificial intelligence, that draws the attention of philosophers and sociologists, jurists and scholars of language and of anthropology. The old single order, outlined by the political and juridical machine of the modern State – which, through an aloof and solemn language, aimed to impart regularity to human behaviour and to give society direction – is replaced by multifarious models of order, each of which is generated by its own logic, practices, and autonomous control techniques. Under the omnipotence of technology, concepts such as authority, liberty, truth and power undergo a vortex of semantic transformations that penetrate a new symbolic space into human reasoning and actions.
Appealing the Judgments Issued in Criminal Trial with the Participation of Lay Judges in Poland and Jury in England
Authors: Kużelewski Dariusz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The objective of the paper is to present the differences in the grounds of appeal and the appeal proceedings against judgments issued by a court composed of representatives of the public in a criminal trial at first instance. At present, citizens are allowed to adjudicate most often in one of three forms: persons adjudicating independently without the participation of a professional factor, who are not professionals in the field of law and criminal procedure (e.g. judges of the peace in the common law system); a jury composed of citizens and adjudicating mostly on guilt of the accused; or lay judges adjudicating all aspects of the case in one panel together with professional judges. However, the participation of laymen in adjudication is not a prevailing rule. Many countries legal systems do not allow the citizens to co-decide in criminal cases. The paper also indicates the arguments for the democratization of the judiciary through a wider admission of citizens to participate in criminal justice. This issue has been examined on the background of three aspects of democracy: representative, deliberative and participatory.
Overview of the Recent Changes of the Polish Tax Rules and Support for Taxpayer
Authors: Popławski Mariusz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The objective of the paper is to present the significance of general rules of tax law resulting from the new draft tax ordinance for the taxpayer’s situation. The aim of this paper is to present a general overview of the newly introduced rules of tax law. This study may be the basis for further studies in the field of subject principles. The analysis covered the rules referring to: support of the taxpayer in fulfilling tax obligations, actions of tax authorities in a way that inspires taxpayer’s trust, equal treatment of taxpayers, presumption of the taxpayer’s honesty, not abandoning the established practice of resolving cases in the same factual and legal state. Within the framework of this paper, research hypotheses concerning the impact of these rules on the legal situation of the taxpayer have been positively verified. These rules will have an impact on the improvement of the taxpayer’s situation, which has to face the complicated legal environment. This environment forms the complex tax law system, as well as the intricate and complicated language used by the legislator in making tax law regulations in Poland. This confirms the need to introduce changes resulting from the new draft tax ordinance.
The Nexus Between Urbanisation and Human Empowerment: Income Group Based Findings of Bidirectional Causality
Authors: Kollias Christos , Tzeremes Panayiotis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The economic and social drivers of democratisation and the emergence and establishment of democratic institutions are longstanding themes of academic discourse. Within this broad body of literature, it has been argued that the process of urbanisation is also conducive to the emergence and consolidation of democracy through a number of different channels. Cities offer better access to education and facilitate organised public action and the demand for more democratic rule and respect of human rights. The nexus between urbanisation and human rights is the theme that is taken up in the present paper. Using a sample of 123 countries for the period 1981–2011, the paper examines empirically the association between urbanisation and human empowerment using the Cingranelli-Richards Index. In broad terms, the findings reported herein do not point to a strong nexus across all income groups. Nevertheless, there is evidence suggesting the presence of such a statistically significant positive association in specific cases.
The Rise and Fall of the Celtic Tiger and the evolution of an Urban System: 1996–2011
Authors: O’Donoghue Daniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDuring the 1990s the Celtic Tiger era began in the Republic of Ireland. This article tracks the response of the Irish Urban System to that remarkable period of growth ended abruptly with the Global Economic Crisis of 2008. Using Small Area Population Statistics from Ireland’s Central Statistics Office for the years 1996, 2002, 2006 and 2011 it was possible to record growth across the towns and cities of Ireland that constituted the Irish Urban System. The location, size, type and rates of change were recorded and mapped with a view towards discovering the extent to which the urban hierarchy and the spatial distribution was being altered, and by what geographical processes. Over 15 years the national population grew by 26% with most of that growth taking place in urban centres. A clear diffusion outwards from the Dublin region is noticeable and the capital’s role in systemic change is explored alongside other factors. The article highlights the changing nature of growth over time and, based on the empirical observations made, identifies a sequence of clear stages in the growth of the urban system. The article concludes with a proposal for a Model of Urban System Evolution under conditions of Rapid Economic Growth based on the distinct phases, or stages, of growth identified in Ireland’s towns and cities from 1996–2011.
Rimpu Culture In Mbojo Tribe Consumer Behavior In The West Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Mulyadin Sri Ernawati, 
Published: January 2020

Culture is a complex symbol and fact created by humans passed down from generation to generation as a determinant and regulator of human behavior in existing societies. Researcher was interested in researching the Rimpu Cultural Phenomenon influencing Consumer Behavior in the Mbojo tribe community in West Nusa Tenggara. The study was conducted in Mbojo Tribe which included three regional governments, namely Bima City, Bima and Dompu Districts, with the object of research being the Mbojo tribe who bought Bima's unique sarong to be used as Rimpu. Data collection techniques used in this study, namely (a) Qutionary, (b) Observation, (c) Literature study. Research Variable Measurements using likes scale by spreading questionnaire to 100 people, Analysis of data using multiple linear .The results show that Cultural variable, Sub Culture variable and Social Class Variables has an influence on consumer behavior of the Mbojo Tribe in West Nusa Tenggara Province.
The Effect of Heavy Pruning and Organic Fertilizer to Biomass and Flavonoid Production Orange Jessmine Leaves at the First and Second Harvest
Authors: Eman Ayu Sasmita Jati Gusti , Arifin Aziz Sandra , Melati Maya 
Published: January 2020

Pemanenan kemuning (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack.), dengan cara pangkas di ketinggian yang sama terus-menerus dapat menyebabkan penurunan produksi. Penerapan pangkas berat terhadap tanaman kemuning belum pernah dilaporkan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan ketinggian pangkas dan dosis pupuk yang sesuai untuk mempertahankan atau meningkatkan produksi daun kemuning dan flavonoid. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Juli 2015 sampai Juli 2016. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Organik Institut Pertanian Bogor di Cikarawang, Bogor. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan dua faktor dan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah tinggi pemangkasan yang terdiri atas 45, 60 dan 75 cm di atas permukaan tanah. Ketinggian 75 cm didesain sebagai kontrol. Faktor kedua adalah kombinasi dosis pupuk kandang ayam (PA) dan abu sekam (AS), yaitu: tanpa pupuk (kontrol), 7 kg PA + 3 kg AS, dan 14 kg PA + 6 kg AS per tanaman per tahun. Panen dilakukan dua kali dengan interval empat bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketinggian pangkas 60 cm di atas permukaan tanah merupakan pemangkasan berat terbaik untuk pertumbuhan, produksi, dan produksi total flavonoid daun tanaman kemuning yang berusia 45-57 bulan setelah tanam (BST) setelah 4-6 kali panen, sementara perlakuan pemupukan tidak memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata.
Kata kunci: abu sekam, kandungan pigmen, pupuk kandang ayam, tinggi pangkasan
The Effect of Fruit Maturity Stage on Crown Leaf Bud Cutting of Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) Cv. Smooth Cayenne
Authors: Eprilian Husna Fatima , Suhartanto Mohamad Rahmad , Palupi Endah Retno 
Published: January 2020

Metode pembibitan nanas yang dapat dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan jumlah bibit yang dapat dihasilkan adalah setek basal daun mahkota. Tingkat kematangan buah diduga berpengaruh terhadap tingkat keberhasilan setek basal daun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai pengaruh tingkat kematangan buah pada saat pengambilan bahan setek untuk produksi bibit asal setek basal daun mahkota pada nanas cv. Smooth Cayenne. Percobaan menggunakan RKLT satu faktor, yaitu tingkat kematangan dengan empat taraf perlakuan: tingkat kematangan 1 (K1) : semua mata berwarna hijau; kematangan 2 (K2) : mata buah yang berwarna kuning < 20%; kematangan 3 (K3) : mata buah yang berwarna kuning 40-55%; kematangan 4 (K4): mata buah yang berwarna kuning >90%; tetapi yang berwarna jingga kemerahan <20%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan auksin dan sitokinin endogen tidak berbeda pada semua tingkat kematangan, namun Nisbah C/N K3 dan K4 menunjukkan hasil lebih tinggi. Pada semua tingkat kematangan, terbentuknya tunas maksimum terjadi pada 4-6 MST. Tingkat kematangan buah terbaik untuk produksi bibit nanas dengan setek basal daun mahkota adalah K4 (mata buah yang berwarna kuning >90%, tetapi yang berwarna jingga kemerahan <20%). K4 memiliki kecenderunguan menghasilkan setek hidup, bertunas, dan berakar lebih tinggi. K4 menghasilkan bobot kering tunas tertinggi dan memenuhi standar bibit sertifikasi lebih cepat (52 MST).
Kata kunci: buah tropis, mata tunas dorman, perbanyakan cepat, split crown
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MOLUSKA DI PADANG LAMUN PERAIRAN PULAU BELITUNG PROVINSI BANGKA BELITUNG
Authors: Cappenberg Hendrik Alexander William , Wulandari Diah Anggraini 
Published: January 2020

Pulau Belitung memiliki banyak pulau-pulau kecil dengan tutupan lamun yang cukup bervariasi, tempat berbagai jenis moluska hidup, namun keanekaragaman moluska di perairan ini belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian di Pulau Kelayang (stasiun BLTS01), Pulau Kepayang (stasiun BLTS02), Pulau Mendanau (stasiun BLTS03), Pulau Sekutai (BLTS04), Pulau Sebongkok (stasiun BLTS05), Pulau Ruk (stasiun BLTS06) dan Pulau Kalimambang (stasiun BLTS07), telah dilakukan pada tanggal 29 Agustus hingga 9 September 2018. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas dan kepadatan moluska. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode transek kuadran, yang dilakukan dari tepi pantai tegak lurus ke arah tubir. Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 22 jenis moluska yang terdiri dari 10 jenis dari kelas bivalvia dan 12 jenis dari kelas gastropoda. Anadara antiquata, Pinna bicolor dan Gafrarium pectinatum dari kelas bivalvia; Lambis lambis dan Strombus urceus dari kelas gastropoda memiliki penyebaran yang luas. Kepadatan moluska tertinggi terdapat di stasiun BLTS06 (23,283 individu/ha) dan terendah di stasiun BLTS03 (283 individu/ha). Isognomon isognomum merupakan jenis yang mendominasi stasiun BLTS06. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis (H’) berkisar antara 2,42-3,52 dan masuk dalam kategori keanekaragaman sedang. Indeks kemerataan jenis (J’) berkisar antara 0,71-0,86. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa komunitas moluska di perairan ini masih berada dalam kondisi cukup baik.
Multimodaalinen monikielisyys Katja Tukiaisen matkasarjakuvassa Postia Intiasta
Authors: Kauranen Ralf 
Published: January 2020

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan Katja Tukiaisen vuonna 2002 julkaistua omaelämäkerrallista ja dokumentaarista matkasarjakuvaa Postia Intiasta. Tukiaisen sarjakuvan kuvaa matkakohteesta ja matkaajan identiteetistä sekä näiden välisestä suhteesta värittää monella tavalla teoksen monikielisyys. Artikkelissa lähestytäänkin Postia Intiasta -sarjakuvaa teoksen monitahoisen monikielisyyden kautta. Sarjakuvassa kielelliset ilmaukset ja monikielisyys ovat aina osa laajempaa multimodaalista kokonaisuutta, kuvan ja sanan yhdistelmää. hahmotan Postia Intiasta -sarjakuvan monikielisyyden kolmesta osa-alueesta koostuvaksi. Ensinnäkin sanallisen ja kuvallisen rajapintaan asettuva sanskritinkielinen om-tavu sitoo yhteen koko tarinan. Toiseksi monien kielten värittämä sarjakuvan dialogi toimii paitsi omaelämäkerrallisen sarjakuvan autenttisuuden ja kielellisen realismin merkkinä, myös huumorin lähteenä ja matkaajan asenteen kuvastajana. Kolmanneksi sarjakuva korostaa diegeettisten tekstien ja teokseen sisältyvien ja sitä rakenteistavien monikielisten karttojen avulla kielellisen moninaisuuden merkitystä tarinan tapahtumapaikkojen ja intialaisen yhteiskunnan kuvauksissa. Kaiken kaikkiaan on kyse siitä, että sarjakuvan erilaiset tekstiainekset (yhdessä kuvien kanssa) muodostavat kerronnallisia keinoja, joiden avulla kielellinen moninaisuus hahmottuu matkan tärkeäksi dimensioksi ja merkittäväksi osaksi protagonistin olemista matkalla ja asennoitumista matkaan. Päähenkilön Intian-matka on varsinainen kielimatka.
Determinan Sustainabilitas Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syari’ah dan Upaya Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Agam
Authors: Husna Melya , Puteri Hesi Eka , Winarno Winarno 
Published: January 2020

<p class="abstrak" align="center"> </p><p class="abstrak"><em>This study aims to analyze the determinants of the sustainability of Islamic microfinance institutions and efforts to reduce poverty in Agam district. Islamic microfinance institutions in this study are limited to Baitul Maal wa Tamwil in Agam Regency with a sample of 31 BMTs that existed until 2019. The method used is the mix method. Quantitative analysis uses Smart PLS 3.0 software as a data processing tool. Qualitative analysis uses interviews as a data collection tool. The results showed that management, human resources and culture were determinants of BMT sustainability in Agam District. This study also provides an analysis that BMT is an instrument that can be used in poverty alleviation in Agam District.</em></p><p class="abstrak"> </p><p class="abstrak">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor penentu sustainabilitas (keberlanjutan) lembaga keuangan mikro syariah dan upaya dalam penanggulangan kemiskinan di Kabupaten Agam. Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syariah dalam penelitian ini dibatasi pada <em>Baitul Maal wa Tamwil </em>(BMT)<em> </em>yang ada di Kabupaten Agam dengan sampel sebayak 31 BMT yang ada sampai tahun 2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah <em>mix method</em>. Analisis kuantitatif mengunakan <em>software Smart PLS 3.0</em> sebagai alat pengolahan data. Analisis kualitatif menggunakan wawancara sebagai alat pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Manajemen, SDM dan Budaya merupakan faktor penentu sustainabilitas BMT di Kabupaten Agam. Penelitian ini juga menyatakan bahwa BMT merupakan salah instrumen yang dapat digunakan dalam hal penanggulangan kemiskinan di Kabupaten Agam.</p>
Nanoindentation study on Al86Ni8Y6 glassy alloy synthesized via mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering
Authors: Maurya Ram Sajeevan , Sahu Ashutosh , Laha Tapas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The present work is focused on the investigation of hardness and scratch behavior of mechanically alloyed and various temperature (300 °C–500 °C) spark plasma sintered Al86Ni8Y6 glassy alloys. Glassy alloy sintered at higher temperature, exhibited significantly improved hardness attributed to the increase in metallurgical bonding, relative density and nanocrystalline phases. A large variation in hardness of sintered alloys was attributed to the diffusion controlled crystallization mechanism depending on the nucleation rate during spark plasma sintering, which led to the different degree of microstructural phase evolution in a different part of the sample as confirmed by the scanning probe microscopy revealing the varying depth of indentation. Nanoindentation conducted at lower load resulted in higher hardness attributed to the indentation size effect. The scratch test exhibited decrease in coefficient of friction from 0.40 to 0.30 with the increase in sintering temperature from 300 °C to 500 °C, attributed to decrease in surface roughness.
Localized electron microscopy analysis of steel corrosion processes in the presence of zinc phosphate flake-type particles
Authors: Altpeter Anja , Trampert Tabea , Twardoch Marek , Smolka Stephanie , de Jonge Niels , Becker-Willinger Carsten 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Zinc phosphate particles are used in coatings that protect steel from corrosion. The corrosion of coated steel was examined at the microscopic scale in proximity of zinc phosphate flakes. The coatings were prepared by dispersing the zinc phosphate flakes in epoxy-phenolic resin matrix, spray coating on the steel substrate, and curing. Such prepared coatings were then scratched, and corroded in the artificial weathering conditions by means of a condensate climate test. The ongoing corrosion process was examined using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). By applying this approach, we observed the influence of the anisotropic particles of zinc phosphate on the formation of corrosion products. Local areas at the edge of the scratch that were in direct contact with the zinc phosphate aggregates, revealed the formation of a different crystal type compared to the plain areas of the scratch. The obtained data indicates that a partial dissolution of the zinc phosphate particles took place, and suggests that the influence of zinc phosphate on the formation of corrosion products was mediated by the presence of water.
Czech Experience of Future Teachers Training to Work in the Conditions of Inclusive Education
Authors: Pluzhnyk Oksana , Shapran Olha 
Published: January 2020

The article examines the Czech experience of future elementary school teachers training for activities in the context of inclusive education. The main models of inclusive education in the world and specifically the Czech Republic are considered. The basic laws concerning the training of teachers, special teachers, assistants are analyzed. The basic teachers’ competences are determined according to the Czech standard of the teacher’s profession quality; the necessary conditions for conferring the qualification of primary and secondary school teachers are defined. The system of higher education in the Czech Republic and the educational programs of leading higher educational institutions for the preparation of primary school teachers and special teachers are considered. The Charles University and the Masaryk University were selected for the research as leading, because these institutions ranked the highest in world rankings. The article acquaints readers with the activity of pedagogical faculties of both universities. The particular attention was paid to the activities of the departments of pedagogy and special pedagogy. The curricula of training teachers, assistant teachers for a work in inclusive education were analyzed. This made it possible to state that bachelor/master’s programs were designed to provide graduates with the necessary knowledge, ethical values and practical skills necessary for constructing a pedagogical career. The contents of the bachelor/master’s program provides an extensive and deep knowledge in the fields of inclusive education, including the theory of special pedagogy, the necessary skills and abilities in providing medical services, knowledge of the behavior of a child with different pathologies or abnormalities. It is found that a theoretical training is given to most of the study time, the courses of in-depth specialization are offered. It is determined that in the process of special teachers’ professional training in the Czech Republic, three main components can be distinguished: general pedagogical, special pedagogical, specialization with a choice in two main types of A and B. The bachelor training is carried out in two models: simultaneous (parallel, integrative) and sequential. During the study, it was emphasized that an adherence to the unified structure of training bachelors/masters of special education for all institutions of higher education in the Czech Republic contributes to improving their theoretical, methodological and practical basis, facilitates the students’ transition from one educational institution to another, an admission to a magistracy in another institution of higher education, gives a few specializations. Consequently, the peculiarities and positive aspects of training specialists for a work in the conditions of inclusive education in the Czech Republic are highlighted in this article as those, that could be used in Ukraine taking into account the peculiarities and traditions of the national high school.