bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical genomics reveals the evolutionary mechanisms behind multiple outbreaks of the host-specific coffee wilt pathogen Fusarium xylarioides
Authors: Peck D. , Nowell R. W. , Flood J. , Ryan M. J. , Barraclough T. G. 
Published: August 2020

1AbstractNearly 50% of crop yields are lost to pests and disease, with plants and pathogens locked in an amplified co-evolutionary process of disease outbreaks. Coffee wilt disease, caused by Fusarium xylarioides, decimated coffee production in west and central Africa following an initial 1920s outbreak. After successful management, it later re-emerged reaching two separate epidemics by the 2000s on arabica coffee in Ethiopia and robusta coffee in east and central Africa. Here, we use genome sequencing of six historical culture collection strains spanning 70 years to identify the evolutionary processes behind these repeated outbreaks. The robusta population arose from the initial outbreak, whilst the arabica population is divergent and emerged independently. The two populations evolved similar pathologies by separately acquiring different effector genes horizontally via transposable elements from other Fusarium taxa, including F. oxysporum. Thus, historical genomics can help reveal mechanisms that allow fungal pathogens to keep pace with humanity’s efforts to resist them.
AtHDA15 attenuates COP1viatranscriptional quiescence, direct binding, and sub-compartmentalization during photomorphogenesis
Authors: Alinsug Malona V. , Deocaris Custer C. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTLight is an essential environmental cue that determines the overall growth and development of plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the light signaling network are obscured by the epigenetic machinery where reversible acetylation and deacetylation play crucial roles in modulating light-regulated gene expression. In this paper, we demonstrate that HDA15 represses COP1, the master switch in the light signaling network, by deacetylation, protein interaction, and sub-compartmentalization.hda15T-DNA mutant lines exhibited light hyposensitivity with significantly reduced HY5 and PIF3 transcript levels leading to long-hypocotyl phenotypes in the dark while its overexpression exhibited elevated HY5 transcripts and short hypocotyl phenotypes.In vivoandin vitrobinding assays further show that HDA15 directly interacts with COP1 inside the nucleus modulating COP1’s repressive activities. Crossinghda15-t27 withcop1-4mutants resulted in short-hypocotyl and dwarfed phenotypes, reminiscent ofcop1-4mutants suggesting COP1 is epistatic to HDA15. Although light signals the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of HDA15, the presence of COP1 triggers its nuclear localization. A working model is presented elucidating the concerted interplay between HDA15 and COP1 under light and dark conditions.
SARS-CoV-2 infection, neuropathogenesis and transmission among deer mice: Implications for reverse zoonosis to New World rodents
Authors: Fagre Anna , Lewis Juliette , Eckley Miles , Zhan Shijun , Rocha Savannah M , Sexton Nicole R , Burke Bradly , Geiss Brian , Peersen Olve , Kading Rebekah , Rovnak Joel , Ebel Gregory D , Tjalkens Ronald B , Aboellail Tawfik , Schountz Tony 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) emerged in November, 2019 in China and rapidly became pandemic. As with other coronaviruses, a preponderance of evidence suggests the virus originated in horseshoe bats (Rhinolophusspp.) and likely underwent a recombination event in an intermediate host prior to entry into human populations. A significant concern is that SARS-CoV-2 could become established in secondary reservoir hosts outside of Asia. To assess this potential, we challenged deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) with SARS-CoV-2 and found robust virus replication in the upper respiratory tract, lungs and intestines, with detectable viral RNA for up to 21 days in oral swabs and 14 days in lungs. Virus entry into the brain also occurred, likely via gustatory-olfactory-trigeminal pathway with eventual compromise to the blood brain barrier. Despite this, no conspicuous signs of disease were observed and no deer mice succumbed to infection. Expression of several innate immune response genes were elevated in the lungs, notably IFNα, Cxcl10, Oas2, Tbk1 and Pycard. Elevated CD4 and CD8β expression in the lungs was concomitant with Tbx21, IFNγ and IL-21 expression, suggesting a type I inflammatory immune response. Contact transmission occurred from infected to naive deer mice through two passages, showing sustained natural transmission. In the second deer mouse passage, an insertion of 4 amino acids occurred to fixation in the N-terminal domain of the spike protein that is predicted to form a solvent-accessible loop. Subsequent examination of the source virus from BEI Resources indicated the mutation was present at very low levels, demonstrating potent purifying selection for the insert during in vivo passage. Collectively, this work has determined that deer mice are a suitable animal model for the study of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, and that they have the potential to serve as secondary reservoir hosts that could lead to periodic outbreaks of COVID-19 in North America.
Selfing is the safest sex forCaenorhabditis tropicalis
Authors: Noble Luke M. , Yuen John , Stevens Lewis , Moya Nicolas , Persaud Riaad , Moscatelli Marc , Jackson Jacqueline , Zhang Gaotian , Chitrakar Rojin , Baugh L. Ryan , Braendle Christian , Andersen Erik C. , Seidel Hannah S. , Rockman Matthew V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMating systems have profound effects on genetic diversity and compatibility. The convergent evolution of self-fertilization in threeCaenorhabditisspecies provides a powerful lens to examine causes and consequences of mating system transitions. Among the selfers,C. tropicalisis the least genetically diverse and most afflicted by outbreeding depression. We generated a chromosomal-scale genome forC. tropicalisand surveyed global diversity. Population structure is very strong, and islands of extreme divergence punctuate a genomic background that is highly homogeneous around the globe. Outbreeding depression in the laboratory is caused largely by multiple gene drive elements, genetically consistent with maternal toxin/zygotic antidote systems. Driver loci harbor novel and duplicated genes, and their activity is modified by mito-nuclear background. Segregating drivers dramatically reduce fitness, and simulations show that selfing limits their spread. Frequent selfing inC. tropicalismay therefore be a strategy to avoid drive-mediated outbreeding depression.
Paradoxical nature of dynamic capabilities research: a content analysis of literature
Authors: Wójcik Piotr 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the current study is to identify the nature, scope and locus of and to systematize, the conceptual contradictions existing in dynamic capabilities research.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs a content analysis literature review of 86 papers on dynamic capabilities published between 1997 and 2019, using two databases – EBSCO and Web of Science/Knowledge databases. To structure the review, Smith and Lewis's (2011) categorization of organizational tensions is adopted.FindingsFirst, the findings of this study suggest that DCs not only are shaped by a tension between efficiency and flexibility but also are built upon a large number of contradictory aspects, represented by organizing, performing, belonging and learning paradoxes. Second, the analysis identifies defensive and active responses to these tensions, with the former prevailing in the dynamic capabilities view literature. Both kinds of responses may facilitate or hinder organizational change. Third, it was found that while the literature has focused predominantly on organizing and learning paradoxes, the linkage between these categories remains under-researched.Originality/valueThis study makes three contributions. First, it identifies the scope (i.e. number), locus (analytical level) and nature (paradox categories and sub-categories) of DC-related paradoxes and responses to paradoxical tensions. Second, it shows that the nature and locus of conceptual contradictions are more complex than conceptualized in prior studies, going beyond the contingency and ambidexterity argument of how to deal with DC-related paradoxes. Third, it seeks to extend Di Stefanoet al.'s (2014) proposition of integrating paradoxical views on different DC-related aspects. The idea of “audio console” introduced in this study highlights the interrelation of paradoxes between the categories and across analytical levels.
Soft skills development in entry-level internal auditors: perspectives from practising internal auditors, students and facilitators in South Africa
Authors: Steyn Johannes Cornelius 
Published: August 2020

Purposeliterature and research internationally indicate a lack of sufficient facilitation of soft skills development in entry-level internal auditors (internal audit graduates upon entering the workplace), although it is essential for entry-level internal auditors to be able to apply soft skills effectively. The purpose of this paper is to determine the extent to which these international views and findings on soft skills development are evident in South Africa according to practising internal auditors, students and facilitators. Comparisons are also drawn between the perceptions of practising internal auditors, students and facilitators.Design/methodology/approachPurposive sampling was used, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire and an interview survey with quantitative analysis.FindingsIn general, the results concur with the literature in terms of the lack of sufficient facilitation and the importance of soft skills development in entry-level internal auditors in South Africa for all three groups. Significant differences were also found between some of the perceptions of practising internal auditors, students and facilitators.Practical implicationsThis study benefits internal audit employers, students and facilitators because soft skills are an in-demand graduate attribute and the application of alternative teaching–learning activities to develop students' soft skills also promotes deep learning through student engagement.Originality/valueThe identification of the 21 soft skills categories from the literature, which should be developed in entry-level internal auditors, has not been researched before as well as the perspectives of students and facilitators in South Africa on soft skills development.
Customers' contamination concerns: an integrative framework and future prospects for service management
Authors: Hazée Simon , Van Vaerenbergh Yves 
Published: August 2020

PurposeCustomers might become concerned about getting contaminated and adapt their behavior accordingly, which is of critical concern for service managers. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, this paper synthesizes the extant body of research within psychology and marketing into an integrative framework that helps understand the current state of knowledge on contamination. Second, this review summarizes evidence-based managerial recommendations on how to deal with customers' contamination concerns. Third, this paper provides guidance for future research by proposing several ways in which those concerns might influence service management.Design/methodology/approachThis paper conducts an integrative literature review of over 30 years of psychology and marketing research on contamination concerns.FindingsThe paper reviews physical and metaphysical contagion models, the situational cues that may activate customers' contamination concerns, the psychological mechanisms that underlie the relationship between contamination and customer outcomes and the individual characteristics that influence customer sensitivity to contamination cues. Moreover, this review identifies actions that service managers can take to prevent customers' contamination concerns. Finally, still much has to be learned about how organizations should deal with fear of contamination by the time a next pandemic breaks out.Originality/valueThis paper develops an integrative framework that serves as a structured knowledge map onto the contamination phenomenon and paves the way for future service research.
Biology and personality: a mathematical approach to the body-mind problem
Authors: Mico Joan Carles , Amigó Salvador , Caselles Antonio , D. Romero Pantaleón 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the body-mind problem from a mathematical invariance principle in relation to personality dynamics in the psychological and the biological levels of description.

Design/methodology/approach
The relationship between the two mentioned levels of description is provided by two mathematical models as follows: the response model and the bridge model. The response model (an integro-differential equation) is capable to reproduce the personality dynamics as a consequence of a determined stimulus. The invariance principle asserts that the response model can reproduce personality dynamics at the two levels of description. The bridge model (a second-order partial differential equation) can be deduced as a consequence of this principle: it provides the co-evolution of the general factor of personality (GFP) (mind), the it is an immediate early gene (c-fos) and D3 dopamine receptor gene (DRD3) gens and the glutamate neurotransmitter (body).

Findings
An application case is presented by setting up two experimental designs: a previous pilot AB pseudo-experimental design (AB) pseudo-experimental design with one subject and a subsequent ABC experimental design (ABC) experimental design with another subject. The stimulus used is the stimulant drug methylphenidate. The response and bridge models are validated with the outcomes of these experiments.

Originality/value
The mathematical approach here presented is based on a holistic personality model developed in the past few years: the unique trait personality theory, which claims for a single personality trait to understand the overall human personality: the GFP.
Development of a cereal-based product using residual Moringa oleifera Lam. seed powder biomass and pseudo-plastic behavior of the dough mixtures
Authors: Paz Renata D. , Landázuri Andrea C. , Vernaza María Gabriela 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to promote the use of residual moringa seed powder (RMSP) for the enhancement of cereal-based products. RMSP is usually discarded after seed-oil extraction. This work also promotes zero-waste and rheological approaches.

Design/methodology/approach
In search of novel and sustainable food products with high nutritional value, cold-pressed Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds residue (RMSP) was used for incorporation in muffin formulations. Wheat flour was partially substituted (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9%) by RMSP. Sodium (Na), calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) contents were quantified through atomic absorption spectrometry; protein, through the Kjeldahl method followed by AACC Method 46–13.01; and, fat content, by a modified version of AACC Method 30–25.01a. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests were performed to determine significant differences between formulations at 95% reliability using Minitab® software. Furthermore, simple viscosity studies of the dough mixture were carried in a Brookfield DV-III Ultra Rheometer; Matlab® curve-fitting tool was used for obtaining the best non-Newtonian equation that modeled experimental data. Subsequently, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of non-Newtonian fluids along a segmented pipe were carried out in Comsol Multiphysics® software to depict the importance of modeling non-Newtoning fluids for downstream processes.

Findings
RMSP significantly (p < 0.0001) increased protein and Fe content for the 7% and 9% formulations; it dramatically changed Na and Ca content in all formulations, while fat remained constant.

Social implications
The development of this type of product is an opportunity for communities that grow and harvest moringa as well as for food industries which can take advantage of moringa by-products for several subsequent processing.

Originality/value
For the first time, it was found that dough formulations with RMSP presented a pseudo-plastic and thixotropic behavior. In addition, the use of lignocellulosic by-products such as RMSP incorporates an added value to food products. In this case, it was demonstrated that moringa seed residue enhanced nutritional value to muffins and provided coagulant/flocculant action, which is essential during dough preparation.
Numerical study of heat transfer characteristics in positional wire and arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Yang Dongqing , Xiong Jun , Li Rong 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to fabricate inclined thin-walled components using positional wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) and investigate the heat transfer characteristics of inclined thin-walled parts via finite element analysis method.Design/methodology/approachAn inclined thin-walled part is fabricated in gas metal arc (GMA)-based additive manufacturing using a positional deposition approach in which the torch is set to be inclined with respect to the substrate surface. A three-dimensional finite element model is established to simulate the thermal process of the inclined component based on a general Goldak double ellipsoidal heat source and a combined heat dissipation model. Verification tests are performed based on thermal cycles of locations on the substrate and the molten pool size.FindingsThe simulated results are in agreement with experimental tests. It is shown that the dwell time between two adjacent layers greatly influences the number of the re-melting layers. The temperature distribution on both sides of the substrate is asymmetric, and the temperature peaks and temperature gradients of points in the same distance from the first deposition layer are different. Along the deposition path, the temperature distribution of the previous layer has a significant influence on the heat dissipation condition of the next layer.Originality/valueThe established finite element model is helpful to simulate and understand the heat transfer process of geometrical thin-walled components in WAAM.
Stopover refuelling, movement and departure decisions in the white‐throated sparrow: The influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors during spring migration
Authors: Beauchamp Andrew T. , Guglielmo Christopher G. , Morbey Yolanda E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDifferential migration timing between sex or age classes is an example of how migratory movement strategies can differ among subgroups within a population. However, in songbirds, evidence for intrinsic differences in en route migratory behaviour is often mixed, suggesting that the local environmental context may play a role in accentuating or diminishing patterns.We evaluated how multiple intrinsic and extrinsic variables influenced refuelling rates, local movement behaviour and departure decisions in the white‐throated sparrowZonotrichia albicollisduring spring migration. This species exhibits a unique genetically based plumage dimorphism, providing a unique class of individual in which to evaluate patterns and processes of differential migration, in addition to sex, age and migration distance.At a migratory stopover site, plasma metabolite analysis was used to quantify individual variation in stopover refuelling rate. In after second year adults, automated and manual radio telemetry was used to quantify daily activity timing, daily movement distances, stopover duration and departure time. Arrival timing to the stopover site was determined using capture data. Non‐breeding and previous breeding/natal latitude were determined using analysis of hydrogen isotopes in claws and feathers.Males arrived at the stopover site 11 days on average before females, but no difference in migration timing was observed between plumage morph or age classes. After second year, adults with more southern previous breeding latitudes arrived at stopover earlier, whereas second year birds making their first return migration arrived at stopover in an inverse relationship to non‐breeding latitude. Stopover refuelling rate did not differ between ages, sexes or plumage morphs, and daily departure probability of adults was higher under warmer temperatures and favourable tailwinds. White‐striped morphs moved greater distances during stopover, initiated daily activity earlier in the morning and departed for migration earlier in the evening than tan‐striped morphs.Our results show that while individual phenotype can influence some aspects of local stopover‐scale movement behaviour, evidence for differential stopover behaviour was weak. Differential migration timing is unlikely to result from intrinsic differences in en route refuelling rate and departure decisions, especially because the latter is strongly influenced by meteorological conditions.
A novel concept for treatment and vaccination against Covid‐19 with an inhaled chitosan‐coated DNA vaccine encoding a secreted spike protein portion
Authors: Tatlow Dean , Tatlow Corinne , Tatlow Scarlet , Tatlow Savanah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA novel concept in DNA vaccine design is the creation of an inhaled DNA plasmid construct containing a portion of the coronavirus spike protein for treatment and vaccination. The secretion of a spike protein portion will function as a competitive antagonist by interfering with the binding of coronavirus to the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. The secreted protein binding to the ACE2 receptor provides a unique mechanism of action for treatment to all strains of coronavirus in naïve patients, by blocking the ACE2 receptor site. An inhaled plasmid DNA vaccine replicates the route of lung infection taken by coronavirus with transfected cells secreting spike protein portions to induce immunity. Unlike most DNA vaccines with intracellular antigen presentation through MHC I, the current vaccine relies on the secreted proteins presentation through MHC II as well as MHC I to induce immunity. Lung specific production of vaccine particles by inhaled plasmid DNA is appealing since it may have limited systemic side effects, and may induce both humoral and cytotoxic immunity. Finally, the ease and ability to rapidly produce this plasmid construct makes this an ideal solution for managing the emerging threat of coronavirus.
Cities, Creativities and Urban Creative Economies: Re‐descriptions and Make+Shifts from Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Mbaye Jenny , PRATT ANDY C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this symposium is to examine the situation of the creative economy in cities—specifically cities of sub‐Saharan Africa. In this introduction we set out the case for the need to ‘re‐describe’ the (much derided) phenomenon of the creative city. This task requires clarification of what is understood in academe and policy communities by the term ‘creative economy’, the pronounced growth of this sector, particularly in the global South, and its particular urban character. Secondly, in the face of conceptual and policy confusion we argue for the actually existing, and growing, importance of the urban creative economy. Thirdly, with this ground clearing achieved, we seek to frame, and focus on, the emergence of new research on the urban creative economy. Finally, we use the evidence from the symposium contributions to argue for a reformulation of the creative economy within African sub‐Saharan urbanization.