bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyocin S5 import intoPseudomonas aeruginosareveals a generic mode of bacteriocin transport
Authors: Behrens Hannah M. , Lowe Edward D. , Gault Joseph , Housden Nicholas G. , Kaminska Renata , Moritz Weber T. , Thompson Catriona M A , Mislin Gaëtan L. A. , Schalk Isabelle J. , Walker Daniel , Robinson Carol V. , Kleanthous Colin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPyocin S5 (PyoS5) is a potent protein bacteriocin that eradicates the human pathogenP. aeruginosain animal infection models, but its import mechanism is poorly understood. Here, using crystallography, biophysical and biochemical analysis and live-cell imaging, we define the entry process of PyoS5 and reveal links to the transport mechanisms of other bacteriocins. In addition to its C-terminal pore-forming domain, elongated PyoS5 comprises two novel tandemly repeated kinked three helix bundle domains that structure-based alignments identify as key import domains in other pyocins. The central domain binds the lipid-bound common polysaccharide antigen, allowing the pyocin to accumulate on the cell surface. The N-terminal domain binds the ferric pyochelin transporter FptA while its associated disordered region binds the inner membrane protein TonB1, which together drive import of the bacteriocin across the outer membrane. Finally, we identify the minimal requirements for sensitizingEscherichia colitowards PyoS5, as well as other pyocins, and suggest that a generic pathway likely underpins the import of all TonB-dependent bacteriocins across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
Relationship between maximal incremental and high-intensity interval exercise performance in elite athletes
Authors: Chang Shih-Chieh , Adami Alessandra , Lin Hsin-Chin , Lin Yin-Chou , Chen Carl P.C. , Fu Tieh-Cheng , Hsu Chih-Chin , Huang Shu-Chun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt remains unclear whether the number of total bouts to limitation (Blim) in high-intensity interval testing (HIIT) differs among individuals, no matter if performed at the same relative intensity. This study aimed to explore the physiologic factors determining tolerance to effort during a HIIT. Forty-seven female participants (15-28 years old) were included: 23 athletes from Taiwan national or national reserve teams, and 24 moderately-active female. Each participant underwent maximal incremental (INC; modified-Bruce protocol) cardiopulmonary exercise testing and HIIT on treadmill, on separate days. HIIT protocol alternated a 1-min effort at 120% of the maximal speed and the same slope reached at the end of INC, with a 1-min rest, until volitional exhaustion. Gas-exchanges, and muscle oxygenation at right vastus lateralis by near-infrared spectroscopy, were continuously recorded. Additionally, bioelectrical impedance was utilized for body composition analysis. The result showed that Blim differed greatly (range: 2.6 to 12) among participants. Stepwise regression revealed that Blim was determined primarily by oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) at second-minute recovery; and, muscle tissue saturation index at peak of INC (R=0.644). Also, age and percent body fat were linearly correlated with Blim (adjusted R=−0.475, −0.371, p<0.05). Therefore, HIIT performance is determined by fast recovery of VO2 and HR, rather than maximal VO2 or muscle oxygenation recovery. Moreover, capacity to sustain a HIIT declines with age since as early as late adolescent. Further investigations on which factors should be manipulated to further improve athletes performance are warrant.
Effectiveness of micromorphy against drilling predation: Insights from early Miocene faunal assemblage of Quilon limestone, India
Authors: Chattopadhyay Debarati , Venu gopal K. S. , Chattopadhyay Devapriya 
Published: November 2019

The nature of drilling predation, although well documented for molluscan fossils, is understudied for micromolluscs (<5mm). Studying predation in micromolluscs is especially critical in evaluating the adaptive significance of micromorphy against predation and assessing the importance of predator-prey size relationship (PPSR). This study documents drilling predation event in microbivalves from early Miocene (Burdigalian) fossil assemblage of Quilon limestone from Kerala, India. Our sample of ~2000 valves represent nine families with an average drilling frequency (DF) of 0.06 and an incomplete drilling frequency (IDF) of 0.26. The characteristic drillhole morphology and occurrence of five genera of modern drilling gastropods (Naticid: Natica, Tanea and Polinices; Muricid: Triplex and Dermomurex) from the same locality reveals the predator identity. Predation in the studied assemblage is found to be highly selective in terms of prey taxa, size, mobility and site selection. Six out of nine families show evidence of predation indicating taxon selectivity. Poor correlation between DF and abundance further supports this view. Failed attacks are strongly correlated with morphological features such as surface ornamentation (Lucinidae), presence of conchiolin layers (Corbulidae). Drilling occurs primarily on medium size class and prey outside this size range show lower rate of attack. This indicates the existence of an “inverse size refugia” for extremely small prey along with the classical size refugia existing for large prey. Mobility is found to be a deterrent to drilling predation and it also increases failure.
Microbenthos of Quilon limestone shows a lower predation intensity in comparison to the Miocene macrobenthos worldwide including coeval formation of the Kutch Basin. The interaction in microbenthos is more strongly size-dependent in contrast to the Kutch fauna. Reduced predation intensity in microfauna and existence of “inverse size refugia” support the claim of micromorphy acting as a defense mechanism and highlights the role of size-dependent predation in marine benthos.
Using oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes to track the migratory movement of Sharp-shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus) along Western Flyways of North America
Authors: Wommack Elizabeth A. , Marrack Lisa C. , Mambelli Stefania , Hull Joshua M. , Dawson Todd E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe large-scale patterns of movement for the Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus), a small forest hawk found throughout western North America, are largely unknown. However, based on field observations we set out to test the hypothesis that juvenile migratoryA. striatuscaught along two distinct migration routes on opposite sides of the Sierra Nevada Mountains of North America (Pacific Coast and Intermountain Migratory Flyways) come from geographically different natal populations. We applied stable isotope analysis of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) of feathers, and large scale models of spatial isotopic variation (isoscapes) to formulate spatially explicit predictions of the origin of the migrant birds. Novel relationships were assessed between the measured hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of feathers fromA. striatusmuseum specimens of known origin and the isoscape modeled hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of precipitation at those known locations. We used these relationships to predict the origin regions for birds migrating along the two flyways from the measured isotope values of migrant’s feathers and the associated hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation where these feathers were formed. The birds from the two migration routes had overlap in their natal/breeding origins and did not differentiate into fully separate migratory populations, with birds from the Pacific Coast Migratory Flyway showing broader natal geographic origins then those from the Intermountain Flyway. The methodology based on oxygen isotopes had, in general, less predictive power than the one based on hydrogen. There was broad agreement between the two isotope approaches in the geographic assignment of the origins of birds migrating along the Pacific Coast Flyway, but not for those migrating along the Intermountain Migratory Flyway. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for conservation efforts ofA. striatusin western North America, and the use of combined hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope analysis to track the movement of birds of prey on continental scales.
Impact of soil salinity on the cowpea nodule-microbiome and the isolation of halotolerant PGPR strains to promote plant growth under salinity stress
Authors: Mukhtar Salma , Hirsch Ann M. , Khan Noor , Malik Kauser A. , Humm Ethan A. , Pellegrini Matteo , Shi Baochen , Briscoe Leah , Huntemann Marcel , Clum Alicia , Foster Brian , Foster Bryce , Roux Simon , Palaniappan Krishnaveni , Varghese Neha , Mukherjee Supratim , Reddy T.B.K. , Daum Chris , Copeland Alex , Ivanova Natalia N. , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Shapiro Nicole , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley A. , Maymon Maskit , Mirza Muhammad S. , Mehnaz Samina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFour soil samples (SS-1—SS-4) isolated from semi-arid soils in Punjab, Pakistan were used as inocula for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) grown under salinity stress to analyze the composition of bacteria in the rhizosphere and within nodules through cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent methods. Two cowpea varieties, 603 and the salt-tolerant CB 46, were each inoculated with four different native soil samples, and data showed that plants inoculated with soil samples SS-2 and SS-4 grew better than plants inoculated with soil samples SS-1 and SS-3. Bacteria were isolated from both soils and nodules, and 34 of the 51 original isolates tested positive for PGPR traits in plate assays with many exhibiting multiple plant growth-promoting properties. A number of isolates were positive for all PGPR traits tested. For the microbiome studies, environmental DNA (eDNA) was isolated from SS-1 and SS-4, which represented the extremes of the Pakistan soils to which the plants responded, and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis were found to consist mainly of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. However, sequencing analysis of eDNA isolated from cowpea nodules established by the trap plants grown in the four Pakistan soils indicated that the nodule microbiome consisted almost exclusively of Proteobacterial sequences, particularly Bradyrhizobium. Yet, many other bacteria including Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Pseudomonas, as well as Paenibacillus, Bacillus as well as non-proteobacterial genera were isolated from the nodules of soil-inoculated cowpea plants. This discrepancy between the bacteria isolated from cowpea nodules (Proteobacteria and non-Proteobacteria) versus those detected in the nodule microbiome (Proteobacteria) needs further study.
Annotation-free Learning of Plankton for Classification and Anomaly Detection
Authors: Pastore Vito P. , Zimmerman Thomas G. , Biswas Sujoy , Bianco Simone 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe acquisition of increasingly large plankton digital image datasets requires automatic methods of recognition and classification. As data size and collection speed increases, manual annotation and database representation are often bottlenecks for utilization of machine learning algorithms for taxonomic classification of plankton species in field studies. In this paper we present a novel set of algorithms to perform accurate detection and classification of plankton species with minimal supervision. Our algorithms approach the performance of existing supervised machine learning algorithms when tested on a plankton dataset generated from a custom-built lensless digital device. Similar results are obtained on a larger image dataset obtained from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Our algorithms are designed to provide a new way to monitor the environment with a class of rapid online intelligent detectors.Author SummaryPlankton are at the bottom of the aquatic food chain and marine phytoplankton are estimated to be responsible for over 50% of all global primary production [1] and play a fundamental role in climate regulation. Thus, changes in plankton ecology may have a profound impact on global climate, as well as deep social and economic consequences. It seems therefore paramount to collect and analyze real time plankton data to understand the relationship between the health of plankton and the health of the environment they live in. In this paper, we present a novel set of algorithms to perform accurate detection and classification of plankton species with minimal supervision. The proposed pipeline is designed to provide a new way to monitor the environment with a class of rapid online intelligent detectors.
The frequency gradient of human resting-state brain oscillations follows cortical hierarchies
Authors: Mahjoory Keyvan , Schoffelen Jan-Mathijs , Keitel Anne , Gross Joachim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe human cortex is characterized by local morphological features such as cortical thickness, myelin content and gene expression that change along the posterior-anterior axis. We investigated if these structural gradients are associated with a similar gradient in a prominent feature of brain activity – namely the frequency of brain oscillations. In resting-state MEG recordings from healthy participants (N=187), we found that the strongest peak frequency in a brain area decreases significantly, gradually and robustly along the posterior-anterior axis following the global hierarchy from early sensory to higher-order areas. This spatial gradient of peak frequency was significantly anticorrelated with the cortical thickness of corresponding areas representing a proxy of the cortical hierarchical level. This result indicates that the intrinsic ‘resonance’ frequency decreases systematically from early sensory to higher-order areas and establishes a new structure-function relationship pertaining to brain oscillations as a core organizational principle that may underlie hierarchical specialization in the brain.
Indigenizing the Anthropocene? Specifying and situating multi-species encounters
Authors: Adams Matthew 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to articulate a meaningful response to recent calls to “indigenize” and “decolonize” the Anthropocene in the social sciences and humanities; and in doing so to challenge and extend dominant conceptualisations of the Anthropocene offered to date within a posthuman and more-than-human intellectual context.Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops a radical material and relational ontology, purposefully drawing on an indigenous knowledge framework, as it is specifically exemplified in Maori approaches to anthropogenic impacts on species and multi-species entanglements. The paper takes as its focus particular species of whales, trees and humans and their entanglements. It also draws on, critically engages with, and partially integrates posthuman and more-than-human theory addressing the Anthropocene.FindingsThe findings of this study are that we will benefit from approaching the Anthropocene from situated and specific ontologies rooted in place, which can frame multi-species encounters in novel and productive ways.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper calls for a more expansive and critical version of social science in which the relations between human and more-than-human becomes much more of a central concern; but in doing so it must recognize the importance of multiple histories, knowledge systems and narratives, the marginalization of many of which can be seen as a symptom of ecological crisis. The paper also proposes adopting Zoe Todd’s suggested tools to further indigenize the Anthropocene – though there remains much more scope to do so both theoretically and methodologically.Practical implicationsThe paper argues that Anthropocene narratives must incorporate deeper colonial histories and their legacies; that related research must pay greater attention to reciprocity and relatedness, as advocated by posthuman scholarship in developing methodologies and research agendas; and that non-human life should remain firmly in focus to avoid reproducing human exceptionalism.Social implicationsIn societies where populations are coming to terms in different ways with living through an era of environmental breakdown, it is vital to seek out forms of knowledge and progressive collaboration that resonate with place and with which progressive science and humanities research can learn and collaborate; to highlight narratives which “give life and dimension to the strategies – oppositional, affirmative, and yes, often desperate and fractured – that emerge from those who bear the brunt of the planet’s ecological crises” (Nixon, 2011, p. 23).Originality/valueThe paper is original in approaching the specific and situated application of indigenous ontologies in some of their grounded everyday social complexity, with the potential value of opening up the Anthropocene imaginary to a more radical and ethical relational ontology.
Selective incivility, trust and general well-being: a study of women at workplace
Authors: Rawat Preeti S. , Bhattacharjee Shrabani B. , Ganesh Vaishali 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study if trust on team members and leaders leads to an experience of civil behavior in the workplace or reduced incivility at the workplace. The study was conducted on women employees and therefore termed as selective incivility.Design/methodology/approachIn the study, the relationship between team trust and leader trust was the antecedent variables and general well-being was the consequent variable. Civil behavior in the workplace was the mediating variable. The research was conducted on 228 working women in different sectors of the Indian organization. Trust (in leaders and on teams) and general well-being were measured by established scales. Selective incivility scale was developed based on the qualitative inputs from working women. Data were analysed on SPSS and AMOS version 20.FindingsThe study showed that trust (between leader and subordinates and among team members) led to an experience of civil behavior at workplace, and experience of civil behavior led to an experience of general well-being.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has contributed to both theoretical and managerial aspects. On the theoretical front, this research has emphasized the role of trust in building a civil environment in the workplace. On the managerial front, it has contributed to showing how low incivility encourages inclusivity and maintains the general well-being of employees, and therefore advocates the practice of civil behavior.Practical implicationsThe study is relevant in managing politics at workplace. With an environment of trust, the insecurity and doubt in the minds of employees are reduced. This leads to higher well-being of employees. In the modern times, workplaces are becoming more diverse. There are not only gender differences but also differences in age, sexual orientation and persons with disabilities. Presence of low incivility can go a long way in encouraging an inclusive workplace. It is thus relevant in managing workplace diversity and for creating a more inclusive environment.Social implicationsDiverse workplace constituting women and minority race have experienced more workplace incivility (Cameron and Webster, 2011). Also, presence of higher percentage of men in the workforce composition enhanced incivility toward women (Trudel and Reio, 2011). As the paper indicates that low incivility leads to general well-being, it also tries to point out that overall health of organization also improves. It should not be ignored that it is not only the employee who is exposed to incivility who gets affected but also the other employees who are witness to such situation.Originality/valueThis study investigates the mediating effect of civil behavior at the workplace between trust, both team member and leader, and general well-being.
“Everything changed!” – the ramification of the Second World War on the Canadian North
Authors: Lemelin Raynald Harvey , Beaulieu Michel S. , Ratz David 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to retrace past developments that occurred in the Alaskan and Canadian North as of result of the Second World War and illustrate the ramifications of these events in the Canadian and American political landscapes as it pertains to warfare tourism. The paper also intends to initiate a discussion on how certain narratives pertaining to warfare tourism are promoted, while others are overlooked.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyses the political, economic, socio-cultural and technological factors that resulted in tourism growth or the lack thereof in the Canadian and American Norths.FindingsWarfare tourism, like most types of tourism, is expected to grow. Through this growth comes opportunities to expand and integrate the discussion pertaining to warfare tourism in the Canadian and American Norths while also providing a starting point for discussion about potential solutions to address warfare tourism and cultural dissonance.Research limitations/implicationsThis viewpoint is dependent on literature reviews.Practical implicationsThe relationship between Indigenous peoples and other marginalized populations in the Second World War and warfare tourism is a relatively new research area. For warfare tourism to become integrated into tourism policies and developments, a willingness to address cultural dissonance and integrate populations formerly marginalized in the Second World War will be required. This paper examines how northern and other marginalized voices can be integrated in future commemoration and interpretation strategies.Social implicationsThe paper provides an opportunity to examine the growth and healing that can result from warfare tourism.Originality/valueThis interdisciplinary collaboration conducted by a military historian, a northern historian and a tourism research researcher provides one of the first examinations of the impacts of the Second World War in North America, and the relevance of these impacts to the interpretation of warfare tourism in Canada.
The Leader Support for Innovation Questionnaire (LSIQ)
Authors: Vincent-Höper Sylvie , Stein Maie 
Published: November 2019

PurposeIn this study, the authors integrate the concept of leader support with a process model of innovation including the generation, promotion and implementation of innovative ideas to obtain an in-depth understanding of how leaders may support employees’ innovative efforts. The purpose of this paper is to develop an organizing framework and validate a measure for assessing leader support for innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors validated the Leader Support for Innovation Questionnaire (LSIQ) in German and English using samples from Germany (n=1,049) and South Africa (n=129).FindingsAlthough confirmatory factor analyses supported a three-factor model of the 12-item LSIQ (leader support for idea generation, promotion and implementation), strong intercorrelations between the factors provide only weak evidence for the three-factor structure. Positive correlations with individual and organizational innovation demonstrate adequate construct validity. The LSIQ explains additional variance in innovation beyond that explained by measures of transformational leadership and leader–member exchange.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggest that linking leader support and innovation more directly to one another matches the complexity of innovation processes. The LSIQ is a theory based and valid tool that enables more rigorous research on the role of leadership in facilitating innovation.Originality/valuePrevious studies using well-established leadership approaches have produced a considerable heterogeneity of findings on the relationship between leadership and innovation. Therefore, the authors introduce an integrative framework for defining and organizing leadership behaviors specifically supporting employees’ innovative efforts and validate a measure of leader support for innovation that may guide both theoretical developments and empirical research on the relationship between leadership and innovation in organizations.