bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Zeta potential
Authors: Lunardi Claure N. , Gomes Anderson J. , Rocha Fellipy S. , De Tommaso Jacopo , Patience Gregory S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractZeta potential (ZP) is a parameter that expresses the electrochemical equilibrium between particles and liquids like in nanoparticle (NP) colloidal solutions with applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, chemical production, mineral processing, and water and soil purification. Smoluchowski's theory applies to the ZP particles that are larger the interfacial layer but neglects surface conductivity. The Debye‐Hückel theory correctly approximates the concentration of ions in a double layer but fails to account for the dependence of ZP on the concentration of counterions. Determining ZP of NPs is essential to proper NP characterization. For instance, developing well‐defined therapeutic‐relevant nanoformulations needs information on NPs size, surface charge, stability and agglomeration behaviour. This approach has many practical challenges, from inadequate knowledge of operating standards to sampling, data interpretation and good laboratory practice for the experiments replicability. However, in drug delivery research, very little literature can provide a clear, succinct explanation of these techniques. Looking for specific guidelines to overcome frequently encountered problems during ZP measurements. This article explores factors influencing colloidal particle stability. Measurement criteria such as applied voltage, number of measurements, electrophoretic mobility (EPM), size distribution, surface shape, temperature, viscosity, particle concentration, zeta potential, nanoparticles, colloidal suspension, electrophoretic mobility, and pH.
3D Silver Dendrites for Single‐molecule Imaging by Surface‐enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Bandarenka Hanna V. , Khinevich Nadzeya V. , Burko Aliaksandr A. , Redko Sergey V. , Zavatski Siarhei A. , Shapel Uladzislau A. , Mamatkulov Kahramon Z. , Vorobyeva Maria Yu. , Arzumanyan Grigory M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiscovery of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) followed by evolution of optical systems and nanoengineering approaches has paved a path to detection of essential organic molecules on solid SERS‐active substrates from solutions at concentrations attributed to single‐molecule ones, i. e. below 10−15 M. However, in practical terms confident SERS‐imaging of single molecules is still quite a challenge. In present work, we fabricated and comprehensively characterized tightly‐packed 3D silver dendrites with prevalent chevron morphology that demonstrated ultrahigh sensitivity as SERS‐active substrates resulted in 10−18 M detection limit. Using these substrates we achieved SERS‐imaging of single 5‐thio‐2‐nitrobenzoic acid (TNB) molecule released from the attomolar‐concentrated solution of of 5,5′‐dithio‐bis‐[2‐nitrobenzoic acid] (DTNB), which is vital compound for chemical and biomedical analysis. In contrast to generally accepted belief about adsorption of only uniform monomolecular TNB layer on surface of silver nanostructures, we showed formation of a coating constituted by TNB layer and DTNB nanoclusters on the dendrites’ surface at 10−6–10−12 M DTNB concentrations confirmed by presence/absence of disulfide bonds signature in the SERS‐spectra and by scanning electron microscopy. DTNB concentrations below 10−14 M resulted in adsorption of TNB molecules in separated spots on the surface of silver nanostructures.
Corporate social responsibility, emotions, and consumer loyalty in the food retail context: Exploring the moderating effect of regional identity
Authors: Fernández‐Ferrín Pilar , Castro‐González Sandra , Bande Belén 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) is presently one of the most interesting topics in the field of consumer behavior. However, not enough is known about the underlying mechanisms that explain how and when consumer CSR perceptions shape consumer behaviors such as loyalty. The present study proposes and demonstrates that CSR positively influences consumer loyalty through two mediators (how), which are gratitude ‐an emotion‐ and commitment ‐an attitude‐; regional identity is also introduced for the first time as a moderator on those relationships (when). Two studies, based on two different consumer samples with reference to two different food retailers, are conducted to test these hypotheses. The results support the hypotheses and prove the mediation effects. Furthermore, they provide evidence of how consumers' regional identity moderates the model's indirect effects and they also reveal the conditional nature of these effects. This study's outcomes have theoretical contributions and implications for marketers.
Psychometric properties of threat‐related attentional bias in young children using eye‐tracking
Authors: Chong Lyndsey J. , Meyer Alexandria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnxiety is one of the most common forms of child psychopathology associated with persistent impairment across the lifespan. Therefore, investigating mechanisms that underlie anxiety in early childhood may improve prevention and intervention efforts. Researchers have linked selective attention toward threat (i.e., attentional bias to threat) with the development of anxiety. However, previous work on attentional bias has used less reliable, reaction time (RT)‐based measures of attention. Additionally, few studies have used eye‐tracking to measure attentional bias in young children. In the present study, we investigated the psychometric properties of an eye‐tracking measure of attentional bias in a sample of young children between 6‐ and 9‐years‐old and explored if trait and clinical anxiety were related to attentional biases to threat. Results showed good psychometric properties for threat and neutral attentional biases, comparable to those found in adult eye‐tracking studies. Temperamental and clinical anxiety did not significantly relate to threat/neutral dwell time and attentional biases. The significance of these null findings was discussed in relation to existing developmental theories of attentional biases. Future studies should explore if temperamental or clinical anxiety prospectively predict threat attentional bias and the onset of anxiety in older children using a longitudinal design.
Filter feeding, deviations from bilateral symmetry, developmental noise, and heterochrony of hemichordate and cephalochordate gills
Authors: Larouche‐Bilodeau Charles , Guilbeault‐Mayers Xavier , Cameron Christopher B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe measured gill slit fluctuating asymmetry (FA), a measure of developmental noise, in adults of three invertebrate deuterostomes with different feeding modes: the cephalochordateBranchiostoma floridae(an obligate filter feeder), the enteropneustsProtoglossus graveolens(a facultative filter feeder/deposit feeder) andSaccoglossus bromophenolosus(a deposit feeder). FA was substantially and significantly low inB. floridaeandP. graveolensand high inS. bromophenolosus. Our results suggest that the gills of species that have experienced a relaxation of the filter feeding trait exhibit elevated FA. We found that the timing of development of the secondary collagenous gill bars, compared to the primary gill bars, was highly variable inP. graveolensbut not the other two species, demonstrating an independence of gill FA from gill bar heterochrony. We also discovered the occasional ectopic expression of a second set of paired gills posterior to the first set of gills in the enteropneusts and that these were more common inS. bromophenolosus. Moreover, our finding that gill slits in enteropneusts exhibit bilateral symmetry suggests that the left‐sidedness of larval cephalochordate gills, and the directional asymmetry of Cambrian stylophoran echinoderm fossil gills, evolved independently from a bilaterally symmetrical ancestor.
Photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen production on ternary Co‐Pi/Ag/TiON nanotube array photocatalysts
Authors: Soliman Khaled A. , Mohamed Assem T. , Aljaber Amina S. , AlQaradawi Siham Y. , Allam Nageh K. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryTernary Co‐Pi‐Ag/TiON photocatalysts were designed and fabricated by a facile precipitation and electrochemical strategy. The results showed the superiority of the Co‐Pi‐Ag/TiON as a promising photoanode for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. In comparison with Co‐Pi‐Ag/TiO2, Ag/TiON, and Ag/TiO2 photoanodes, the Co‐Pi‐Ag/TiON showed a significant photocurrent density of 5.5 mA cm−2 at 1.0 V vs Ag/AgCl, which is 10‐fold that of bare TiO2. The extraordinary performance can be ascribed to the synergy between nitrogen doping, Co‐Pi functionalization, Ag loading, and the unique structural features of the synthesized photoelectrodes. This was further confirmed via the exceptionally high hydrogen generation rate of the Co‐Pi‐Ag/TiON ternary catalyst (54 μL h−1 cm−2), which is much higher than that reported for most of the TiO2‐based photocatalysts.
Sequential biofuel production from seaweeds enhances the energy recovery: A case study for biodiesel and bioethanol production
Authors: Elshobary Mostafa E. , El‐Shenody Rania A. , Abomohra Abd El‐Fatah 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn the present study, eight seaweeds (five red, two brown and one green) were collected and evaluated for dual biodiesel and/or bioethanol production. The highest significant lipid and carbohydrate contents were recorded in the brown seaweed Dilophus fasciola (4.92 and 37.97%dw, respectively). Three routes were investigated, namely R1 and R2 for direct production of biodiesel and bioethanol, respectively, from the whole biomass, in addition to R3 representing the sequential biodiesel and bioethanol production. D. fasciola showed a biodiesel yield of 35.04 mg g−1 dw, composed mainly of C16‐C18 fatty acids with a high saturation degree. All biodiesel characteristics complied with the recommended values of international standards. The maximum reducing sugar content (37.2 g L−1) and bioethanol productivity at 72 hours (0.165 g L−1 h−1) were recorded in the lipid‐free biomass (R3), which were 16.3% and 27.9%, respectively, higher than that of R2. Therefore, a maximum estimated total energy output of 9.96 MJ kg−1 was recorded in R3, which represented 6‐times and 28.3% higher than R1 and R2, respectively.
Your Father's a Fighter; Your Daughter's a Vegetable: A Critical Analysis of the Use of Metaphor in Clinical Practice
Authors: Tate Tyler 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere are two widespread beliefs about the use of metaphors in clinical medicine. The first is that military metaphors are harmful to patients and should be discouraged in medical practice. The second is that the metaphors of clinical practice can be judged by and standardized in reference to neutral criteria. In this article, I evaluate both these beliefs, exposing their shared flawed logic. This logic underwrites the false empiricist assumptions that metaphorical language and literal language are fundamentally distinct, play separate roles in communication, and therefore can be independently analyzed, systematized, and prescribed. Next, using the resources of ordinary language philosophy, I lay out a theoretical view of medical metaphors that is grounded in metaphor use within clinician‐patient relationships. Finally, drawing on the work of philosopher Max Black, I diagram a practical conceptual framework for clinicians to use when they consider whether a metaphor is appropriate for a specific patient encounter.
Exchange rate and volatility: A bibliometric review
Authors: Flores‐Sosa Martha , Avilés‐Ochoa Ezequiel , Merigó José M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe exchange rate is one of the most important prices in open economies. Exchange rate volatility (ERV) has been studied in terms of its measurement, forecast and impact and relationship with other variables. This article proposes a bibliometric analysis of ERV compared with two databases Web of Science and Scopus. The number of data obtained reflects the importance of the topic in scientific research. In addition, we identify authors, institutions and countries of great influence studying currency volatility. The evolution of the study through time shows the increase in attention on the topic. VOS viewer software has been used to create graphic maps and visualize the connections existing in the study.
Integration of family planning services into health care for HIV‐positive women in Botswana
Authors: Hawkins Lois , Gertz Alida M. , Badubi Opelo , Sickboy Ontiretse , Mussa Aamirah , Maotwe Tshego , Whittaker Paul G. , Schreiber Courtney A. , Ramagola‐Masire Doreen , Morroni Chelsea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo create and assess a clinic model to address the unmet need for effective contraception among women living with HIV in Botswana, where half of all pregnancies are unintended and 30% of women of reproductive age are living with HIV.MethodsWe introduced family planning services into an HIV clinic in Gaborone, Botswana. Our intervention gave HIV providers brief training on contraceptive counseling plus the option of immediate referral of interested patients to an on‐site contraception provider. We administered a survey to patients and providers before and after intervention. Patients were female, aged 18–45 years and using antiretrovirals.ResultsAt baseline, 6% of 141 patients discussed contraception with their HIV‐care provider, compared with 61% of 107 post intervention (P < 0.001). At baseline, 6% of patients reported wanting to use long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC). Post intervention, 45% of patients chose to meet with the contraception provider, and 29% wanted to use LARC (P < 0.001 versus baseline). All providers strongly agreed that they were better informed about contraception post intervention and were satisfied with their ability to counsel and refer women for contraception.ConclusionsProvision of on‐site contraceptive services in this HIV clinic encouraged family planning discussions and increased interest in LARC.
A model electronic Hamiltonian to describe low‐lying d–d and metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer excited states of [Fe(bpy)3]2+
Authors: Iuchi Satoru , Koga Nobuaki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA simple practical method to compute both d–d and metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLCT) excited states of iron(II) polypyridyl complexes is proposed for use in simulation studies. Specifically, a model electronic Hamiltonian developed previously for d–d excited states of [Fe(bpy)3]2+ is extended to deal with low‐lying MLCT excited states simultaneously by including the MLCT electronic configurations into the basis functions of the model Hamiltonian. As a first attempt, parameters in the model Hamiltonian matrix elements are determined by using density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent (TD‐)DFT calculation results as benchmarks. To examine the performance of the model Hamiltonian, the potential energy curves along the interpolation between the lowest singlet and quintet state structures are compared to those from the (TD‐)DFT calculations and to those from CASPT2 calculations in literature. The electronic absorption spectrum computed through molecular dynamics simulation is compared to the experimental spectrum. The spin‐orbit couplings at the ground state structure are also compared to those from wavefunction‐based ab initio electronic structure calculations. The results indicate that the constructed model Hamiltonian provides reasonable information on both the low‐lying d–d and MLCT excited states of [Fe(bpy)3]2+.
PRDM1 decreases sensitivity of human NK cells to IL2-induced cell expansion by directly repressing CD25 (IL2RA)
Authors: Akman Burcu , Hu Xiaozhou , Liu Xuxiang , Hatipoğlu Tevfik , You Hua , Chan Wing C , Küçük Can 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
IL2 receptor signaling is crucial for human NK cell activation and gain of effector functions. The molecular mechanisms involved in termination of IL2 activation are largely unknown in human NK cells. PR/SET domain 1 was previously reported to decrease cell growth and increase apoptosis in an IL2-dependent manner in malignant NK cell lines, suggesting the possibility of down-regulation of IL2 signaling pathway gene(s) through direct transcriptional repression. Using ChIP-Seq, we identified a PRDM1 binding site on the first intron of CD25 (IL2RA), which codes for the IL2 receptor subunit regulating sensitivity to IL2 signaling, in primary NK cells activated with engineered K562 cells or IL2. Ectopic expression of PRDM1 down-regulated CD25 expression at transcript and protein levels in two PRDM1 nonexpressing NK cell lines. shRNA-mediated knockdown of CD25 in two malignant NK cell lines led to progressive depletion of NK cells in low IL2 concentrations. By contrast, ectopic CD25 expression in primary human NK cells led to progressive increase in cell number in CD25-transduced cells in low IL2 concentrations. Altogether these results reveal a pivotal role of PRDM1 in inhibition of IL2-induced NK cell expansion through direct repression of CD25 in activated human NK cells. These observations provide additional support for the role of PRDM1 in attenuation of NK cell activation and growth, with implications on neoplastic transformation or NK cell function when it is deregulated.
Manifestations of Quaternary syn‐eruptive fluid circulations on carbonate veins, Central Anatolian Volcanic Province
Authors: Karabacak Volkan , Mutlu Halim , Deniz Kiymet 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigate the geochronological, geochemical and isotopic characteristics of two travertine sites surrounded by Quaternary eruption centres in central Anatolia with ample palaeo‐eruption records. High‐resolution carbonate precipitation records, revealed by U‐Th dating, are clustered around 5–35, 60–100 and 120–170 ka and are well correlated with the dataset on eruptions as well as the position of fractures related to the volcanic centres. Syn‐eruptive carbonate precipitation seems to occur due to the circulation of CO2‐rich fluids along the extensional fracture systems aligned tangentially to the related volcanic conduit and, therefore, the study of this system could be an alternative technique for the reconstruction of palaeo‐eruptions. δ18O values of the studied travertines are within the range of meteogene fluids. Oxygen isotope compositions at around 130 ka match well with Glacial Termination II that is also recorded by climate proxies in various cave and benthic deposits throughout the world. It is likely that the studied carbonates were precipitated under similar fluid circulation conditions which are represented by a high rate of dilatation followed by a meteoric water influx into the extensional fractures.
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fermentation liquid protects against alcoholic liver disease linked to regulation of liver metabolome and the abundance of gut microbiota
Authors: Ran Beibei , Guo Chang‐E , Li Weidong , Li Weishi , Wang Qing , Qian Jinxiu , Li Hailong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) refers to liver damage caused by long‐term heavy drinking, which causes oxidative stress and changes in gut microbiota. In this paper, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of sea buckthorn fermentation liquid on ALD in mice and the interaction between ALD and gut microbiota using animal experiments and gut microbiota measurements.RESULTSWe found that the contents of total flavonoids, total triterpenes and related short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in sea buckthorn fermentation liquid (SFL) were significantly greater. Liver index, kidney index, spleen index, serum indexes of liver injury – alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and spartate aminotransferase (AST), inflammatory factors in liver tissues – tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), oxidation indexes – malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid metabolism indexes – high‐density liptein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and triglyceride (TG), suggested that SFL significantly ameliorates liver injury caused by alcohol. By measuring gut microbiota in mice feces samples, we found that the high‐dose group of SFL reversed the declining trend of the gut microbiota Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio caused by alcohol, reducing the number of gram‐negative bacteroidetes. Patescibacteria was tightly connected with the indicators of ALD. At the genus level, high‐dose SFL significantly downregulated Akkermansia, Turicibacter, Alistipes and Ruminiclostridium, and improved the abundance of beneficial bacteria in Lactobacillus. In addition, Alistipes and Ruminiclostridium was closely connected with the indicators of ALD.CONCLUSIONSea buckthorn fermentation liquid protected against alcoholic liver disease and modulated the composition of gut microbiota. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Poorly differentiated histologic grade correlates with worse survival in SMAD4 negative pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Park Joon Y. , King Jonathan , Reber Howard , Joe Hines Oscar , Mederos Michael A. , Wang Hanlin L. , Dawson David , Wainberg Zev , Donahue Timothy , Girgis Mark 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study investigated the influence of the transcription factor SMAD4 on overall patient survival following surgical resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).MethodsThe SMAD4 status of 125 surgically resected PDAC specimens at a large academic center from 2014 to 2017 was routinely determined prospectively and correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival.ResultsSMAD4 loss was identified in 62% of patients and was not associated with overall survival (OS). On multivariate Cox proportional hazards survival analysis, histologic grade was the best predictor of survival in the SMAD4(−) population (adjusted hazard ratio = 4.8, p < .0001). In the SMAD4(+) population, histologic grade was not associated with survival on multivariate analysis. In the SMAD4(−) population, median OS for well/moderately differentiated patients and poorly differentiated patients was 39.6 and 8.6 months, respectively.ConclusionIn this large cohort of resected PDAC, routine SMAD4 assessment identified a subpopulation of patients with SMAD4(−) and histologically poorly differentiated tumors that had significantly poor prognosis with median OS of 8.6 months. Characterization of the role of SMAD4 within the context of poorly differentiated tumors may help settle the controversy regarding SMAD4 in PDAC and lead to identification of personalized therapeutic strategies for subgroups of PDAC.
Outcomes of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma compared to de novo adenocarcinoma of major salivary glands
Authors: Patel Evan J. , Oliver Jamie R. , Liu Cheng , Tam Moses , Givi Babak 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCarcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a rare disease of the major salivary glands that remains poorly characterized. Our objective was to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with CXPA of the major salivary glands to those with de novo adenocarcinomas.MethodsReview of the NCDB between 2004 and 2016 to compare cases of CXPA and adenocarcinoma of major salivary glands. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and survival were analyzed.ResultsWe identified 1181 patients with CXPA and 3326 patients with adenocarcinoma of major salivary glands. Adenocarcinomas presented with higher rates of nodal metastasis (54.7% vs. 30.4%, p < .001). Five‐year survival of adenocarcinoma (55.8%) was worse than that of CXPA (68.5%, p < .001). When stratified by nodal status, there was no significant difference in 5‐year survival between CXPA and adenocarcinoma node‐negative (75.3% vs. 71.6%, respectively) and node‐positive (40.4% vs. 36.1%, respectively) patients.ConclusionsCXPAs of the major salivary glands present at an earlier stage with lower rates of regional metastasis compared to adenocarcinomas. After controlling for lymph node metastases, the outcomes are quite similar.