bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vanadium-based nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Hu Doudou , Li Dongdong , Liu Xiangrui , Zhou Zhuxian , Tang Jianbin , Shen Youqing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the past few decades, various vanadium compounds have displayed potential in cancer treatment. However, fast clearness in the body and possible toxicity of vanadium compounds has hindered their further development. Vanadium-based nanomaterials not only overcome these limitations, but take advantage of the internal properties of vanadium in photics and magnetics, which enable them as a multimodal platform for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we first introduced the basic biological and pharmacological functions of vanadium compounds in treating cancer. Then, the synthesis routes of three vanadium-based nanomaterials were discussed, including vanadium oxides, 2D vanadium sulfides, carbides and nitrides: VmXn (X = S, C, N) and water-insoluble vanadium salts. Finally, we highlighted the applications of these vanadium-based nanomaterials as tumor therapeutic and diagnostic agents.
High spatial resolution ozone risk-assessment for Asian forests
Authors: Marco Alessandra De , Anav Alessandro , Sicard Pierre , Feng Zhaozhong , Paoletti Elena 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background tropospheric ozone (O3) is increasing particularly over China and India, and becomes a major threat to Asian forests. By using the coupled WRF-Chem model at high spatial resolution (8 km) over Asia in 2015, we showed that both standards AOT40 (European) and W126 (United States) underestimated the O3 risk to deciduous forests and overestimated it to evergreen forests compared to the biologically based metric POD1. Both metrics AOT40 and W126 showed different spatial distribution and exceedance extent with respect to POD1. We found very high potential of O3 impacts on deciduous forest growth in Asia, while potential O3 impacts on evergreen forest types were lower. The most limiting factors were light availability, soil water content and air temperature (65%, 29% and 6%, respectively), making this region of the globe at high O3 risk for deciduous species and at medium O3 risk for evergreen species. For the first time, the O3 risk to Asian forests was quantified at high spatial resolution; and our results suggested: (i) a relevant overestimation of O3 risk to evergreen forests when using AOT40 and W126 relative to the more biologically based POD1 metric; and (ii) a significant underestimation of O3 risk to the boreal deciduous forests when using AOT40 and W126 relative to POD1 because of stomatal aperture permissive condition.
Estimation of hydrothermally synthesized Iron incorporated 2D-sheet-like α-MoO3 microstructural and optical parameters treated by annealing temperature
Authors: Sen Sapan Kumar , Manir M S , Nur Salahuddin , Hossain M N , Islam M Jahurul , Alam A K M M , Hakim M A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this article, pure and Fe-doped (5 wt.%) α-MoO3 nanosheets have been synthesized by hydrothermal approach and doped nanosheets were further annealed (at Ta = 600 °C and Ta = 700 °C temperatures for 3 hrs) for improved crystalline properties. The XRD analysis revealed the formation of orthorhombic structure without tracing of impurities or secondary phases. The iron dopant and annealing temperatures improved the crystallinity as the crystallite size increased. The pristine sample consists with randomly oriented nanosheets with an average width of 100–200 nm and length of several micrometers. Doping with iron does not induce any noticeable effect on morphology of α-MoO3, as revealed by FESEM imaging. The doped nanosheets form a large, rectangular plate-type layered structure at 600 °C. Nanosheets with more developed and smooth surfaces with sharp corners and edges were observed at an elevated temperature of 700 °C. EDX study confirmed the Fe incorporation. The presence of different functional groups was analyzed by FTIR spectra. As a result of Fe doping, the band gap has decreased by 10% from an intrinsic value of ∼3.00 eV. The thermal annealing step further modifies the optical bandgap, providing an extracted value of 2.85 eV in this study.
Investigation on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Sc-contained Al-7075 alloys after solution-aging treatment
Authors: Deng Jinzhao , Shen Jun , Li Hao , Chen Hui , Xie Fuxing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This work mainly studies on Sc microalloying in Al-7075 alloys. The microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of the Sc-contained Al-7075 alloys were investigated after homogenization at 460 ℃ for 10 h. The corrosion behavior of the 7075 alloys after aging was examined using a three-electrode system. The results showed that significant reduction in grain sizes from 129.92 μm without Sc alloy to 32.17 μm with 0.6% Sc. The microhardness increased with the increase of Sc content in the alloy from 71.7 ± 1.3 HV without Sc alloy to 89.2 ± 4.7 HV. The tensile strength also increased from 151.82 ± 1.07 MPa to 212.85 ± 7.35 MPa. The results also revealed that the addition of Sc element in 7075 aluminum alloys not only reduced the corrosion current density of the alloy, but also increased the corrosion resistance of the alloy in the corrosive environment.
Physical properties and up- conversion development of Ho3+ions loaded in nano-composite silica titania thin film
Authors: Shaier Hanaa , Salah Abeer , M Mousa Wafaa , S Hamed Sawsan , Battisha Inas K 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStructural and fluorescence properties were investigated for different concentrations of Ho3+ions doped silica titania nano-composite thin films. These films were deposited on glass substrates at two different annealing temperatures 300 and 500 °C for 3 h.The obtained films were transparent, smooth and adhesive to the substrate glass surface. The crystallite sizes were in the nano-scale phase with values ranged from 15 to 20 nm. The average thin film thickness was found to be equal to about 1.7μm. Blue, red and green up-conversion emissions are detected using 808 nm laser diode. The highest emission bands were observed in the doped film with 0.4 mol% of Ho3+ions. The prepared thin films could be considered promising candidates for higher efficiency up-down shifting solar cell, photonic, photo-catalytic and optical sensor applications.
Feasibility of energy-resolved dose imaging technique in pencil beam scanning mode
Authors: Alaka B G , Bentefour El H , Chirvase Cezarina , Samuel Deepak , Teo Boon-Keng Kevin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Purpose: Proton energy-resolved dose imaging (pERDI) is a recently proposed technique to generate water equivalent path length (WEPL) images using a single detector. Owing to its simplicity in instrumentation, analysis and the possibility of using the in-room x-ray flat panels as detectors, this technique offers a promising avenue towards a clinically usable imaging system for proton therapy using scanned beams. The purpose of this study is to estimate the achievable accuracy in WEPL and Relative Stopping Power (RSP) using the pERDI technique and to assess the minimum dose required to achieve such accuracy. The novelty of this study is the first demonstration of the feasibility of pERDI technique in the pencil beam scanning (PBS) mode. Methods: A solid water wedge was placed in front of a 2D detector (Lynx). A library of energy-resolved dose functions (ERDF) was generated from the dose deposited in the detector by 50 PBS layers of energy varying from 100 MeV to 225 MeV. This set-up is further used to image the following configurations using the pERDI technique: stair-case shaped solid water phantom (configuration 1), electron density phantom (configuration 2) and head phantom (configuration 3). The result from configuration 1 was used to determine the achievable WEPL accuracy. The result from configuration 2 was used to estimate the relative uncertainty in RSP. Configuration 3 was used to evaluate the effect of range mixing on the WEPL. In all three cases, the variation of the accuracy with respect to dose, by varying the number of scanning layers, was also studied. Results: An accuracy of 1 mm in WEPL was achieved using the Lynx detector with an imaging field of 10 PBS layers or more, which is equivalent to a total dose of 5 cGy. The RSP is measured with a precision better than 2% for all homogeneous inserts of tissue surrogates. The pERDI technique failed for tissues surrogates with total WEPL outside the calibration window (WEPL < 70 mm) like in the case of lung exhale and lung inhale. The imaging of an anthropomorphic head phantom, in the same condition, produced a WEPL radiograph and compared to the WEPL derived from CT using gamma index analysis. The gamma index failed in the heterogeneous areas due to range mixing. Conclusions: The pERDI technique is a promising clinically usable imaging modality for reducing range uncertainties and set-up errors in proton therapy. The first results have demonstrated that WEPL and RSP can be estimated with clinically acceptable accuracy using the Lynx detector. Similar accuracy is also expected with in-room flat-panel detectors but at significantly reduced imaging dose. Though the issue of range mixing is still to be addressed, we expect that a statistical moment analysis of the ERDFs can be implemented to filter out the regions with high gradient of range mixing.
The oxygen reduction reaction in solid oxide fuel cells: from kinetic parameters measurements to electrode design
Authors: Ascolani-Yael Julián , Montenegro-Hernández Alejandra , Garcés Diana , Liu Quinyuan , Wang Hongqian , Yakal-Kremski Kyle , Barnett Scott , Mogni Liliana 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The research and development of new Solid Oxide Fuel Cell cathode materials is an area of intense activity. The kinetic coefficients describing the O2-reduction mechanism are the O-ion diffusion (
D

chem
) and the O-surface exchange coefficients (
k

chem
). These parameters are strongly dependent on the nature of the material, both on its bulk and surface atomic and electronic structures. This review discusses the method for obtaining the kinetic coefficients through the combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with focused ion-beam 3D tomography measurements on porous electrodes (3DT-EIS). The data, together with oxygen non-stoichiometry thermodynamic data, is analysed using the Adler-Lane-Steele model for macro-homogeneous porous electrodes. The results for different families of oxides are compared: single- and double-layered perovskites with O-vacancies defects, based on La-Sr cobalt ferrites (La0.6Sr0.4Co1-xFexO3-δ
, x = 0.2 and 0.8) and La/Pr-Ba cobaltites (La0.5-xPrxBa0.5CoO3-δ
, x = 0.0, 0.2 and 0.5), as well as Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates (Nd2NiO4 +δ
) with O-interstitial defects. The analysis of the evolution of molar surface exchange rates with oxygen partial pressure provides information about the mechanisms limiting the O2-surface reaction, which generally is dissociative adsorption or dissociation-limited. At 700 °C in air, the La-Ba cobaltite structures, La0.5-xPrxBa0.5CoO3-δ
, feature the most active surfaces (
k

chem
≃0.5–1 10−2 cm.s−1), followed by the nickelate Nd2NiO4 +δ
and the La-Sr cobalt ferrites, with
k

chem
≃1–5 10−5 cm.s−1. The diffusion coefficients
D

chem
are higher for cubic perovskites than for the layered ones. For La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ
and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ
,
D

chem
is 2.6 10−6 cm2.s−1 and 5.4 10−7 cm2.s−1, respectively. These values are comparable to
D

chem
= 1.2 10−6 cm2.s−1, observed for La0.5Ba0.5CoO3-δ
. The layered structure drastically reduces the O-ion bulk diffusion, e.g.
D

chem
= 1.3 10−8 cm2.s−1 for the Pr0.5Ba0.5CoO3-δ
double perovskite and
D

chem
≃2 10−7cm2.s−1 for Nd2NiO4 +δ
. Finally, the analysis of the time evolution of the electrodes shows that the surface cation segregation affects both the O-ion bulk diffusion and the surface exchange rates.
Analyzing the requirements of high-speed camera parameters for enhanced laser speckle sensing of flow dynamics
Authors: Golberg Mark , Califa Ran , Garcia Javier , Zalevsky Zeev 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A novel method for optimizing fast camera parameters to sense flow dynamics is presented. A wide-field statistic of the temporal auto-correlation intensity function from sample back-scattered laser light can be obtained from the high-end fast cameras that have come on to the market in recent years. Although these statistics can reveal flow dynamics within different sample regions, these cameras can be very costly. Here we investigated the impact of several key camera features such as camera frame rate, sensor exposure time, etc, on the output data (auto-correlation decay time and function fit models). The post-processing algorithm steps are described in detail, followed by the findings from in-vitro and in-vivo experiments investigating ways to re-leaf the camera parameters. The experimental results define fast-camera minimum specification requirements for the correct monitoring of normal blood flow conditions. These findings thus contribute to a better understanding of the impact of each parameter on speckle statistics and can contribute to customizing cheaper hardware to specific needs without compromising on accuracy.
Capacity building for whole genome sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and bioinformatics in high TB burden countries
Authors: Rivière Emmanuel , Heupink Tim H , Ismail Nabila , Dippenaar Anzaan , Clarke Charlene , Abebe Gemeda , Heusden Peter , Warren Rob , Meehan Conor J , Van Rie Annelies 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is increasingly used for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) research. Countries with the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden face important challenges to integrate WGS into surveillance and research.

Methods
We assessed the global status of Mtb WGS and developed a 3-week training course coupled with long-term mentoring and WGS infrastructure building. Training focused on genome sequencing, bioinformatics and development of a locally relevant WGS research project. The aim of the long-term mentoring was to support trainees in project implementation and funding acquisition. The focus of WGS infrastructure building was on the DNA extraction process and bioinformatics.

Findings
Compared to their TB burden, Asia and Africa are grossly underrepresented in Mtb WGS research. Challenges faced resulted in adaptations to the training, mentoring and infrastructure building. Out-of-date laptop hardware and operating systems were overcome by using online tools and a Galaxy WGS analysis pipeline. A case studies approach created a safe atmosphere for students to formulate and defend opinions. Because quality DNA extraction is paramount for WGS, a biosafety level 3 and general laboratory skill training session were added, use of commercial DNA extraction kits was introduced and a 2-week training in a highly equipped laboratory was combined with a 1-week training in the local setting.

Interpretation
By developing and sharing the components of and experiences with a sequencing and bioinformatics training program, we hope to stimulate capacity building programs for Mtb WGS and empower high-burden countries to play an important role in WGS-based TB surveillance and research.
PCAmatchR: a flexible R package for optimal case–control matching using weighted principal components
Authors: Brown Derek W , Myers Timothy A , Machiela Mitchell J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Summary
A concern when conducting genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is the potential for population stratification, i.e. ancestry-based genetic differences between cases and controls, that if not properly accounted for, could lead to biased association results. We developed PCAmatchR as an open source R package for performing optimal case–control matching using principal component analysis (PCA) to aid in selecting controls that are well matched by ancestry to cases. PCAmatchR takes user supplied PCA outputs and selects matching controls for cases by utilizing a weighted Mahalanobis distance metric which weights each principal component by the percentage of genetic variation explained. Results from the 1000 Genomes Project data demonstrate both the functionality and performance of PCAmatchR for selecting matching controls for case populations as well as reducing inflation of association test statistics. PCAmatchR improves genomic similarity between matched cases and controls, which minimizes the effects of population stratification in GWAS analyses.

Availability and implementation
PCAmatchR is freely available for download on GitHub (https://github.com/machiela-lab/PCAmatchR) or through CRAN (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=PCAmatchR).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Association between SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies and Commercial Serological Assays
Authors: Tang Mei San , Case James Brett , Franks Caroline E , Chen Rita E , Anderson Neil W , Henderson Jeffrey P , Diamond Michael S , Gronowski Ann M , Farnsworth Christopher W 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Commercially available SARS-CoV-2 serological assays based on different viral antigens have been approved for the qualitative determination of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. However, there are limited published data associating the results from commercial assays with neutralizing antibodies.

Methods
Sixty-six specimens from 48 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 and a positive result by the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2, Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG, or EUROIMMUN SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays and 5 control specimens were analyzed for the presence of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Correlation, concordance, positive percent agreement (PPA), and negative percent agreement (NPA) were calculated at several cutoffs. Results were compared in patients categorized by clinical outcomes.

Results
The correlation between SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing titer (EC50) and the Roche, Abbott, and EUROIMMUN assays was 0.29, 0.47, and 0.46, respectively. At an EC50 of 1:32, the concordance kappa with Roche was 0.49 (95% CI; 0.23–0.75), with Abbott was 0.52 (0.28–0.77), and with EUROIMMUN was 0.61 (0.4–0.82). At the same neutralizing titer, the PPA and NPA for the Roche was 100% (94–100) and 56% (30–80); Abbott was 96% (88–99) and 69% (44–86); and EUROIMMUN was 91% (80–96) and 81% (57–93) for distinguishing neutralizing antibodies. Patients who were intubated, had cardiac injury, or acute kidney injury from COVID-19 infection had higher neutralizing titers relative to those with mild symptoms.

Conclusions
COVID-19 patients generate an antibody response to multiple viral proteins such that the calibrator ratios on the Roche, Abbott, and EUROIMMUN assays are all associated with SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. Nevertheless, commercial serological assays have poor NPA for SARS-CoV-2 neutralization, making them imperfect proxies for neutralization.
Olfactory receptor gene evolution is unusually rapid across Tetrapoda and outpaces chemosensory phenotypic change
Authors: Yohe Laurel R , Fabbri Matteo , Hanson Michael , Bhullar Bhart-Anjan S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chemosensation is the most ubiquitous sense in animals, enacted by the products of complex gene families that detect environmental chemical cues and larger-scale sensory structures that process these cues. While there is a general conception that olfactory receptor (OR) genes evolve rapidly, the universality of this phenomenon across vertebrates, and its magnitude, are unclear. The supposed correlation between molecular rates of chemosensory evolution and phenotypic diversity of chemosensory systems is largely untested. We combine comparative genomics and sensory morphology to test whether OR genes and olfactory phenotypic traits evolve at faster rates than other genes or traits. Using published genomes, we identified ORs in 21 tetrapods, including amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals and compared their rates of evolution to those of orthologous non-OR protein-coding genes. We found that, for all clades investigated, most OR genes evolve nearly an order of magnitude faster than other protein-coding genes, with many OR genes showing signatures of diversifying selection across nearly all taxa in this study. This rapid rate of evolution suggests that chemoreceptor genes are in “evolutionary overdrive,” perhaps evolving in response to the ever-changing chemical space of the environment. To obtain complementary morphological data, we stained whole fixed specimens with iodine, µCT-scanned the specimens, and digitally segmented chemosensory and nonchemosensory brain regions. We then estimated phenotypic variation within traits and among tetrapods. While we found considerable variation in chemosensory structures, they were no more diverse than nonchemosensory regions. We suggest chemoreceptor genes evolve quickly in reflection of an ever-changing chemical space, whereas chemosensory phenotypes and processing regions are more conserved because they use a standardized or constrained architecture to receive and process a range of chemical cues.
Cognitive Interference in the Context of Daily Stressors, Daily Awareness of Age-Related Change, and General Aging Attitudes
Authors: O’Brien Erica L , Torres Genesis E , Neupert Shevaun D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Previous diary work indicates that older people experience more intrusive and unwanted thoughts (i.e., cognitive interference) on days with stressors. We examined additional predictors of daily cognitive interference to enhance understanding of the psychological context surrounding this link. We specifically focused on factors related to subjective experiences of aging based on studies that have related higher stress and impairments in cognition such as executive control processes (working memory) to negative age stereotypes. Consistent with these findings, we generally expected stronger stress effects on cognitive interference when daily self-perceptions of aging (i.e., within-person fluctuations in awareness of age-related losses [AARC losses]) and general aging attitudes (i.e., individual differences in attitudes toward own aging [ATOA]) were more negative.

Methods
Participants (n = 91; aged 60–80) on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk completed surveys on 9 consecutive days, reporting on their ATOA (Day 1) as well as their stressors, AARC losses, and cognitive interference (Days 2–9).

Results
Multilevel models showed that people reported more cognitive interference on days with more AARC losses. Individuals with positive ATOA also experienced less cognitive interference on days with more stressors, whereas those with negative ATOA experienced more.

Discussion
Both individual differences and fluctuating daily perceptions of aging appear to be important for older adults’ cognitive interference. Consistent with other work, positive ATOA protected against daily stressor effects. Further elucidating these relationships can increase understanding of and facilitate efforts to improve (daily) cognitive experiences in older adults.