bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SMART‐DECK: Multifunctional carbon‐reinforced concrete interlayer for bridges
Authors: Driessen‐Ohlenforst Carla 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe service life of bridges is often threatened by an insufficient shear force capacity in the transverse direction as well as by leakages in the sealing layer, which leads to chloride ingress and therefore corrosion damages. To prevent expensive repair work and traffic obstructions, a thin, multifunctional interlayer of textile‐reinforced concrete called SMART‐DECK was developed. This interlayer provides three functions: A full‐surface moisture monitoring in real‐time, a preventive cathodic corrosion protection, and an increase of the shear force capacity. The operator of the bridge is able to monitor the condition of the sealer in real‐time. The relevant data are transmitted via the internet and show the condition of the sealer in a simple color scheme. If leakage occurs, the cathodic corrosion protection can be switched on to protect the reinforcement from corrosion damages. The renewing of the damaged bridge deck sealing has not to be carried out immediately but can be postponed over years, for example, to periods with little traffic. In this paper, the scientific approach for the realization of the system is presented, beginning with laboratory pretests on the materials and numerical simulations. The results are used to test the functions of the system in the laboratory and later on two demonstrators. An outlook will present the next research questions.
Tossing and Turning in Bed: Nocturnal Movements in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Mirelman Anat , Hillel Inbar , Rochester Lynn , Del Din Silvia , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Avanzino Laura , Nieuwboer Alice , Maidan Inbal , Herman Talia , Thaler Avner , Gurevich Tanya , Kestenbaum Meir , Orr‐Urtreger Avi , Brys Mirek , Cedarbaum Jesse M. , Giladi Nir , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundSleep disturbances and nocturnal hypokinesia are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent work using wearable technologies showed fewer nocturnal movements in PD when compared with controls. However, it is unclear how these manifest across the disease spectrum.ObjectivesWe assessed the prevalence of sleep disturbances and nocturnal hypokinesia in early and advanced PD and their relation to nonmotor symptoms and dopaminergic medication.MethodsA total of 305 patients with PD with diverse disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr [H&Y] stage 1 = 47, H&Y stage 2 = 181, H&Y stage 3 = 77) and 205 healthy controls continuously wore a tri‐axial accelerometer on the lower back for at least 2 days. Lying, turning, and upright ‐time at night were extracted from the acceleration signals. Percent upright time and nighttime walking were classified as sleep interruptions. The number, velocity, time, side, and degree of rotations in bed were used to evaluate nocturnal movements.ResultsNocturnal lying time was similar among all groups (healthy controls, 7.5 ± 1.2 hours; H&Y stage 1, 7.3 ± 0.9 hours; H&Y stage 2, 7.2 ± 1.3 hours; H&Y stage 3, 7.4 ± 1.6 hours; P = 0.501). However, patients with advanced PD had more upright periods, whereas the number and velocity of their turns were reduced (P ≤ 0.021). Recently diagnosed patients (<1 year from diagnosis) were similar to controls in the number of nocturnal turns (P = 0.148), but showed longer turning time (P = 0.001) and reduced turn magnitude (P = 0.002). Reduced nocturnal movements were associated with increased PD motor severity and worse dysautonomia and cognition and with dopaminergic medication.ConclusionsUsing wearable sensors for continuous monitoring of movement at night may offer an unbiased measure of disease severity that could enhance optimal nighttime dopaminergic treatment and utilization of turning strategies. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Environmental DNA Sampling Informs Fish Eradication Efforts: Case Studies and Lessons Learned
Authors: Carim K. J. , Bean N. J. , Connor J. M. , Baker W. P. , Jaeger M. , Ruggles M. P. , McKelvey K. S. , Franklin T. W. , Young M. K. , Schwartz M. K. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Worldwide, freshwater ecosystems are threatened by invasive species, resulting in adverse effects on infrastructure, economy, recreation, and native aquatic communities. In stream settings, chemical piscicides can be an effective tool for eradicating invasive fishes. However, chemical treatments are expensive and time consuming, and they do not discriminate between invasive and native species in a system. Therefore, managers would ideally limit treatment to only the area occupied by the invasive species. Because traditional survey methods may not accurately detect individuals in low abundance (e.g., at the edge of their distribution, or following an eradication effort), chemical treatments may be applied more broadly and more often than is necessary to ensure complete coverage. Furthermore, inadequate posttreatment sampling can fail to detect survivors of a treatment. As a result, managers may erroneously conclude that eradication was successful, leaving the ecosystem vulnerable to reestablishment by the invader. More sensitive sampling tools should allow for more precise definition of the treatment area and more accurate evaluation of project success. This would reduce project costs and overall effects on native species. Here, we illustrate how environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling addressed these challenges through three case studies, each of which used eDNA sampling to inform the removal of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in small streams. We found that eDNA methods can be informative throughout all stages of eradication projects in stream settings. It can assist with delimiting the population prior to treatment, provide detailed location data on surviving target individuals, and serve as an efficient and relatively inexpensive monitoring tool to assess long-term treatment efficacy. When combined with traditional survey tools, such as electrofishing, eDNA sampling may help reduce the size and number of treatments that are necessary to reach project goals. This translates directly to increased efficacy of treatments, reduced labor and cost, and reduced adverse effects on the native community.
Hospitalizations in Patients With Nonmalignant Short‐Bowel Syndrome Receiving Home Parenteral Support
Authors: Fuglsang Kristian Asp , Brandt Christopher Filtenborg , Scheike Thomas , Jeppesen Palle Bekker 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the frequency, duration, and causes of hospitalizations in patients receiving home parenteral support (HPS) due to short‐bowel syndrome (SBS) of nonmalignant causes. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate potential risk factors and hypothesized that patients with the shortest remnant, functional, small bowel—hence, the highest need for HPS—would have the highest incidence of hospitalizations.MethodsPatients with nonmalignant SBS who initiated HPS in the period from 1970 to 2016 from the Department of Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, were included. Information about demography, hospitalizations at the department, and duration of HPS was obtained from the Copenhagen intestinal failure database.ResultsPatients (n = 331) received HPS for a total of 1409.9 years in the period. Hospitalizations accounted for 6.6% of the time registered as HPS‐dependent. The average patient was hospitalized for 5.7% (range 0%–82%) of the registered HPS days. The incidence of admissions was 2.5 per HPS year. The median length of stay was 7 days (range; 0–387). Catheter‐related complications were the most frequently registered causes of admissions (35.2%), subsequently accounting for 31.3% of the total admission time. A Cox regression of admissions showed no significant influence of the remnant‐bowel anatomy but identified the ability to administer HPS unaided as associated with a significantly reduced hazard.ConclusionsThis retrospective study illustrated that 6.6% of the provided HPS days were, in fact, spent hospitalized. Since admissions elsewhere were not accounted for, this may be an underestimation.
Kidney‐sparing whole abdominal irradiation in Wilms tumor: Potential advantages of VMAT technique
Authors: Chen Michael Jenwei , Leao Caio Raposo , Simoes Roberto Campos Pereira , Belletti Fernanda Salheb , Figueiredo Maria Luisa Sucharski , Cypriano Monica Santos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo present a preliminary clinical experience and a dosimetric comparison of kidney‐sparing volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D‐CRT) for whole abdominal irradiation (WAI), in the setting of Wilms tumor (WT) treatment.Materials and methodsFrom a total of 20 consecutive WT cases treated with adjuvant irradiation, seven were submitted to WAI with VMAT. Renal function and survival rates were evaluated, and, for comparison purposes, similar VMAT and 3D‐CRT treatment plans were performed for WAI patients, and differences were dosimetrically evaluated regarding doses to the remaining kidney and other organs at risk and the planning target volume (PTV).ResultsAfter a median follow‐up time of 40.8 months (35.3‐52.2), no acute significant intestinal toxicity was observed, and median creatinine clearance was 110.1 and 103.3 mL/min/1.73 m², respectively, before treatment and at last follow‐up for WAI patients (P = 0.128). For comparative plans, maximum and median doses were lower for the remaining kidney with VMAT than with 3D‐CRT. VMAT was associated with better PTV coverage as compared with 3D‐CRT, with superior results for all the evaluated parameters (D95, D2, V100%, V98%, V95%; P = 0.018).ConclusionThe use of VMAT technique is associated with lower radiation doses to the remaining kidney and better coverage to the PTV than 3D‐CRT technique for WAI, with preliminary clinical experience showing a favorable toxicity profile. Long‐term results from prospective studies might prove the ability of VMAT to spare renal function in the setting of WT treatment.
Synergistic effect of thermoplastic phenolic resin and multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the crystallization of polyoxymethylene
Authors: Xue Meiling , Lv Kanghui , Gao Shengqiang , Lu Xiangzhou , Liu Yingjie , Yan Shouke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo reduce the crystallization rate of polyoxymethylene (POM) to meet the requirement of thick‐walled and large‐sized articles production, and maintain high crystallinity as well as obtain refined crystalline grains to ensure the strength and stiffness simultaneously, thermoplastic phenolic resin (PF) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as crystal growth inhibitor and nucleating agent, respectively, and their effects on the crystallization of POM were studied in details. The results showed that PF is an effective inhibitor and MWCNTs exhibits excellent nucleation effect on POM. Based on the obtained results, their synergistic influences on the crystallization process of POM were investigated. It is found that the objective of decreasing the crystallization rate while maintaining high crystallinity and forming fine crystalline grains can be realized. The 97/3/1 wt% POM/PF/MWCNTs, compared with those of neat POM, TheTcshifts by 3.3°C to a lower temperature, the crystallization enthalpy increases by 16.1 J/g and the full width at half‐maximum widens by 48.5%. The modulation effect of PF and MWCNTs on the crystallization is closely related to the PF content and dispersion, the distribution and dispersion of MWCNTs in the PF and POM phases.
A predictive model of unfrozen water content including the influence of pressure
Authors: Ming Feng , Li Dong‐qing , Liu Yu‐hang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnfrozen water content has strong control on the permeability, strength and thermal properties of frozen soil. Several techniques have been used to measure unfrozen water content in frozen soil and many models have been developed for its prediction. However, there has been little investigation on the quantitative analysis of the relationship between pressure and unfrozen water content. With the development of artificial ground freezing techniques and deep mining, knowledge of unfrozen water content in frozen soil under high pressure is critical to the stability of the frozen structures. Here, a new predictive model is presented based on the relationship between chemical potential and unfrozen water content and a previous empirical formula. The simulation results are in good agreement with those from laboratory tests. Both the theoretical analysis and the test results indicated that: (a) the pressure applied to frozen soil reduces the freezing point of bulk water and delays the phase change, and (b) unfrozen water content increases with increasing pressure, and at higher pressures the change is greater. The results improve our understanding of the physical and mechanical properties of freezing soil under pressure for artificial ground freezing applications and deep mining engineering.
Investigation of the explosion severity of multiphase hybrid mixtures
Authors: Addai Emmanuel K. , Aljaroudi Ali , Abbas Zaheer , Amyotte Paul , Addo Albert , Krause Ulrich 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study presents an experimental investigation of the maximum explosion pressure (Pmax) and rate of pressure rise (dP/dt)max of dusts (lycopodium and brown coal), solvents (ethanol, isopropanol), gases (methane and hydrogen) as well as two‐ and three‐phase hybrid mixtures. Experiments were performed in a standard 20 L sphere with a 10‐J electrical igniter as an ignition source and a 60 ms ignition delay time. It was consistently noticed that the explosion severity of a dust and gas/spray hybrid mixture was higher than that of dust, but lower than either gas or solvent. The addition of a flammable gas/spray to a dust‐air mixture increases the maximum explosion pressure to some extent and significantly increases the maximum rate of the dust mixture pressure rise, even though the concentration of the flammable gas/vapor is below its lower explosion limit. For instance, lycopodium with maximum rate of pressure rise value of 272 bar/s increased to 322, 369, 410, and 504 bar/s when methane concentration of 1, 2, 3, and 4 vol% was respectively, added. These values of maximum rate of pressure rise further increased to 430, 460, 573, and 798 bar/s when a nonexplosible concentration of a third‐phase isopropanol (50% lower than the lower explosion limit) was added. From the findings of this research, it could be inferred that one cannot rely on the explosion severity of a single substance to ensure the safety of a process or system when substances with different states of aggregate are present.
A long-lived stop with freeze-in and freeze-out dark matter in the hidden sector
Authors: Aboubrahim Amin , Feng Wan-Zhe , Nath Pran 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn extended supersymmetric models with a hidden sector the lightestR-parity odd particle can reside in the hidden sector and act as dark matter. We consider the case when the hidden sector has ultraweak interactions with the visible sector. An interesting phenomenon arises if the LSP of the visible sector is charged in which case it will decay to the hidden sector dark matter. Due to the ultraweak interactions, the LSP of the visible sector will be long-lived decaying outside the detector after leaving a track inside. We investigate this possibility in the framework of a U(1)X-extended MSSM/SUGRA model with a small gauge kinetic mixing and mass mixing between the U(1)Xand U(1)Ywhere U(1)Yis the gauge group of the hypercharge. Specifically we investigate the case when the LSP of MSSM is a stop which decays into the hidden sector dark matter and has a lifetime long enough to traverse the LHC detector without decay. It is shown that such a particle can be detected at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC as anR-hadron which will look like a slow moving muon with a large transverse momentumpTand so can be detected by the track it leaves in the inner tracker and in the muon spectrometer. Further, due to the ultraweak couplings between the hidden sector and the MSSM fields, the dark matter particle has a relic density arising from a combination of the freeze-out and freeze-in mechanisms. It is found that even for the ultraweak or feeble interactions the freeze-out contribution relative to freeze-in contribution to the relic density is substantial to dominant, varying between 30% to 74% for the model points considered. It is subdominant to freeze-in for relatively small stop masses with relatively larger stop annihilation cross-sections and the dominant contribution to the relic density for relatively large stop masses and relatively smaller stop annihilation cross-sections. Our analysis shows that the freeze-out contribution must be included for any realistic analysis even for dark matter particles with ultraweak or feeble interactions with the visible sector. A discovery of a long-lived stop as the lightest particle of the MSSM may point to the nature of dark matter and its production mechanism in the early universe.
From positive geometries to a coaction on hypergeometric functions
Authors: Abreu Samuel , Britto Ruth , Duhr Claude , Gardi Einan , Matthew James 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
It is well known that Feynman integrals in dimensional regularization often evaluate to functions of hypergeometric type. Inspired by a recent proposal for a coaction on one-loop Feynman integrals in dimensional regularization, we use intersection numbers and twisted homology theory to define a coaction on certain hypergeometric functions. The functions we consider admit an integral representation where both the integrand and the contour of integration are associated with positive geometries. As in dimensionally- regularized Feynman integrals, endpoint singularities are regularized by means of exponents controlled by a small parameter ϵ. We show that the coaction defined on this class of integral is consistent, upon expansion in ϵ, with the well-known coaction on multiple polylogarithms. We illustrate the validity of our construction by explicitly determining the coaction on various types of hypergeometric p+1Fp and Appell functions.
Stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation in higher space dimensions: the motion of bubbles
Authors: Blömker Dirk , Schindler Alexander 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study the stochastic motion of a droplet in a stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation in the sharp interface limit for sufficiently small noise. The key ingredient in the proof is a deterministic slow manifold, where we show its stability for long times under small stochastic perturbations. We also give a rigorous stochastic differential equation for the motion of the center of the droplet.
Neural responses in the pain matrix when observing pain of others are unaffected by testosterone administration in women
Authors: Heany Sarah J. , Terburg David , Stein Dan J. , van Honk Jack , Bos Peter A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is evidence of testosterone having deteriorating effects on cognitive and affective empathic behaviour in men and women under varying conditions. However, whether testosterone influences empathy for pain has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we tested neural responses to witnessing others in pain in a within-subject placebo-controlled testosterone administration study in healthy young women. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we provide affirming evidence that an empathy-inducing paradigm causes changes in the activity throughout the pain circuitry, including the bilateral insula and anterior cingulate cortex. Administration of testosterone, however, did not influence these activation patterns in the pain matrix. Testosterone has thus downregulating effects on aspects of empathic behaviour, but based on these data does not seem to influence neural responses during empathy for others’ pain. This finding gives more insight into the role of testosterone in human empathy.
Biologic monotherapy in the biologic naïve patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA): results from an observational study
Authors: Benson Rosalind , Zhao Sizheng Steven , Goodson Nicola , Abernethy Rikki , Mewar Devesh , Barnes Theresa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractApproximately one-third of patients on biologic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receive them as monotherapy. There are few head-to-head randomised control trials comparing biologics as monotherapy. Our aim was to compare the efficacy and persistence of multimodal biologic agents as monotherapy in biologic naïve patients with RA in the real-world setting. A multicentre retrospective observational study was carried out comparing TNF inhibitors (TNFi), IL6 receptor inhibitor (IL6Ri) and CTLA-4 inhibitor (CTLA-4i) monotherapy in biologic naïve RA patients. The primary study outcome was DAS28 score at 6, 12, and 18 months. 126 patients were enrolled; 98 patients (78%) were taking TNFi, 19 patients (15%) IL6Ri and 10 (8%) CTLA-4i with similar baseline characteristics of sex and age across groups. Patients in the CTLA-4i group were more often seropositive and had greater numbers of comorbidities. At 6 and 12 months, patients in the IL6Ri group had a lower DAS28 score compared to TNFi monotherapy. Those on CTLA-4i monotherapy also had a lower DAS28 score at 6 months than the TNFi group, although differences were lost by 12 months. Drug retention at 18 months was highest in the IL6Ri arm (68%) and CTLA-4i arm (80%) compared with only 55% in the TNFi group. Our findings support current guidance that IL6Ri should be considered in biologic naïve patients requiring biologic monotherapy, but also indicated that CTLA-4i could be an option.
A critical role for the inward rectifying potassium channel Kir7.1 in oligodendrocytes of the mouse optic nerve
Authors: Papanikolaou Maria , Butt Arthur M. , Lewis Anthony 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInward rectifying potassium channels (Kir) are a large family of ion channels that play key roles in ion homeostasis in oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Prominent expression of Kir4.1 has been indicated in oligodendrocytes, but the extent of expression of other Kir subtypes is unclear. Here, we used qRT-PCR to determine expression of Kir channel transcripts in the mouse optic nerve, a white matter tract comprising myelinated axons and the glia that support them. A novel finding was the high relative expression of Kir7.1, comparable to that of Kir4.1, the main glial Kir channel. Significantly, Kir7.1 immunofluorescence labelling in optic nerve sections and in isolated cells was localised to oligodendrocyte somata. Kir7.1 are known as a K+transporting channels and, using patch clamp electrophysiology and the Kir7.1 blocker VU590, we demonstrated Kir7.1 channels carry a significant proportion of the whole cell potassium conductance in oligodendrocytes isolated from mouse optic nerves. Notably, oligodendrocytes are highly susceptible to ischemia/hypoxia and this is due at least in part to disruption of ion homeostasis. A key finding of this study is that blockade of Kir7.1 with VU590 compromised oligodendrocyte cell integrity and compounds oligodendroglial loss in ischemia/hypoxia in the oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) model in isolated intact optic nerves. These data reveal Kir7.1 channels are molecularly and functionally expressed in oligodendrocytes and play an important role in determining oligodendrocyte survival and myelin integrity.