bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the Features of Damage Accumulation in Steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti at Low Temperatures Using Non-Destructive Testing Methods
Authors: Khlybov A A , Anosov M S , Ryabov D A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper considers the features of damage accumulation during fatigue loading of 12Cr18Ni10Ti steel, in particular at low temperatures. The character of changes in the magnetic and acoustic characteristics, as well as the index of the fractal dimension of microstructures during the accumulation of damage to the metal structure, is studied. The correlation of the considered indicators is shown, which indicates the possibility of using indicators such as the acoustic parameter, magnetic characteristics (Hc/Br ratio, as well as the coercive force Hc) and the fractal dimension of the metal microstructure to assess structural damage, such as in laboratory conditions, and during the operation of individual parts and structural elements in a wide range of low temperatures. The use of the considered indicators in the complex will significantly increase the accuracy of forecasting metal damage and its residual life.
The Features of Bainite Transformation in Alloyed Steels
Authors: Yudin Yu V , Maisuradze M V , Lebedev P D 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe main factors affecting the kinetics of isothermal bainite transformation in alloyed steels were determined using the algorithms of the computer modelling of phase transformations in the solid state. The experimental and calculated transformation kinetics was described and compared using well known Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (KJMA) equation and Austin-Rickett (AR) equation. The effect of the initial configuration and the nucleation rate of the new phase nuclei on the parameters of the bainite transformation was analysed. The calculated kinetics of phase transformation at different nucleation rates was compared with the experimentally observed for HY-TUF and D6AC steels. The mechanism of the bainite transformation in alloyed steels was explained.
Action Planning for Improvement of Design and Operating Parameters of Ball-Bearing Steel Tube Annealing
Authors: Yur’ev B P , Dudko V A , Korelin A V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Annealing process was reviewed for hot rolled 100Cr6 steel tubes in a chamber furnace with subhearth burners. Based on the obtained results of thermotechnical testing at the chamber furnace it was detected that the current annealing curve conceptually do not allow production of satisfactory quality tube in the course of annealing. As a result an adjusted curve corresponding to the annealing requirements for 100Cr6 steel and chamber furnace capabilities was proposed. Causes were determined for poor quality tube annealing and detailed review was carried out for chamber furnace capabilities in terms of required heat treatment duration ensuring sufficiently high quality of annealed tubes. List of actions allowing significant improvement of chamber furnace performance and annealed tube quality was considered. Chamber furnace renovation option was proposed where the total heat treatment time of tubes may be reduced significantly through heat transfer process intensification in the furnace working space, uniformity of tube heating in the batch, annealing quality and therefore furnace performance may be improved.
The Possibility of Using Tyumen Keramzite Clay in the Production of Ceramic Materials
Authors: Pavlova I A , Getman A A , Farafontova E P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The properties of red low-melting clay with the aim of its use in the production of building ceramics are investigated. The presented sample of clay raw materials by mineral composition refers to kaolinite clays with mixed-layer formations in the form of illite and ferruginous montmorillonite with Na-, Ca- and Mg-interlayer hydrated exchange cations. It is characterized by an average content of free SiO2 (10 – 25%). The clay is medium plastic with a low content of coarse inclusions, it refers to medium raw materials. Clay is medium-drying, medium-sensitive to drying, non-sintering. Mechanical strength during firing at a temperature of 900°C is 27.5 MPa. When firing samples in the temperature range 900 – 1050°C, a significant black core is formed. At a firing temperature of 1050°C, swelling of the samples occurs. Considering the properties of this clay, it cannot be recommended to produce face and ordinary building bricks. However, the studied clay can be used to produce expanded clay. The introduction of 0.5% of spent technical oil allows to get the expansion coefficient of 3.83. The temperature range of expansion is 1050 – 1170°C. The density of expanded clay granules in this case is 560 kg·m−3.
Technogenic Raw Materials in High-Alumina Chamotte Production
Authors: Pavlova I A , Getman A A , Farafontova E P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents studies on the production of a high-alumina aggregate with an Al2O3 content of 75% based on fine-grained corundum dust generated by grinding fused corundum. Finely dispersed corundum powder is a by-product and due to the low Al2O3 content (93 – 95%) is not used in further production. It is proposed to obtain high-alumina aggregate without joint grinding of the components. Aggregate was obtained by pressing through a “false grain” from a mixture of kaolin and corundum dust in a certain ratio. The samples firing was carried out at a temperature of 1700°C. The phase composition of the obtained aggregate is represented by 46 – 51% corundum, 45 – 49% mullite. The water absorption of such chamotte is 14 – 16%, open porosity is 33 – 35%, apparent density is 2230 – 2290 kg·m−3. Now, it was not possible to obtain a high-density filler grade ZML and ZMK that meets the requirements of GOST 23037 – 78. The production flow chart of high-alumina chamotte based on kaolin and corundum dust should include a joint fine grinding of the components, or a separate grinding of corundum dust until it passes completely through the 0.063 mm mesh.
The Influence of the Initial Billet on the Mechanical Properties of Pipes
Authors: Zhakupova A T , Bogomolov A V , Zhakupov A N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article researched the influence on the pipes mechanical properties initial billet obtained by the traditional method and the proposed method, in which the piercing process is excluded. The proposed method involves casting the initial billet for the production of seamless pipes with a cavity obtained on a continuous casting machine. The production of hot-rolled seamless pipes from a hollow billet is an urgent issue today, since central porosity and axial segregation after casting are excluded, affecting the quality of the pipes obtained in the subsequent stages of production: rolling on a mandrel mill and reducing. The result is a minimal deviation of the mechanical properties of steel samples obtained by double deformation of a hollow continuously cast billet from samples obtained according to the traditional scheme, including the piercing process.
Resource Saving Design of High Resistible Lining of a Teeming Ladle
Authors: Molchanov L S , Boichenko B M , Synehin Ye V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is described in the article a process of erosive destruction of teeming ladle lining. Special attention is paid to erosion by metal jet during tapping from melting furnace, for example BOF or EAF. This phenomena lead to steel contamination by non-metallic inclusions (NI). In case the steelmaking plant does not have any opportunity to remove NI from steel, for example argon blowing or electromagnetic stirring, a significant part of them remains in steel. Authors have proposed a lining design of teeming ladle, which alter a flow pattern in a way to move NI up. To confirm this hypothesis authors have developed a methodology of “water” modelling and high-temperature modelling with use of fusible metal. As a result of experiment topography of lining destruction for traditional and developed lining design has been achieved. An efficiency of developed lining design has been confirmed.
High Temperature Treatment of Castings from Steel Grade 150KhNM
Authors: Efimov A V , Potapov M G , Kuts N A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
High-temperature processing of steel cast is an effective way to obtain a high range of properties of finish product. The main purpose of the study was to determine the critical temperatures and modes of processing of molten steel 150KhNM. The thermal calculation was carried out according to the additivity rule. The holding time of the melt was determined experimentally. Laboratory melts were performed with varying temperatures of maximum heating of the melt above and below tcr. The optimal modes of high-temperature processing of the melt were determined by analyzing the structure of solid samples. The influence of high-temperature treatment on the structure and properties of castings from steel grade 150KhNM has been studied. The main processing parameters of this alloy have been determined. The dependences of the metal overheating influence on the castings mechanical properties improvement are obtained. Examples of improving the quality of products with using optimal modes of high-temperature processing are given. The investigated modes have showed that holding at a critical temperature leads to change in the type of casting-box (raw sand, dry sand, chill mold) and uniformity of distribution. This fact leads to a change in properties and a more homogeneous structure is formed.
Research of Iron-Rich Pellet Oxide Reduction by Carbon
Authors: Yur’ev B P , Dudko V A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Advantages of iron-rich pellet use in steelmaking in electric furnaces as compared to steelmaking scrap were reviewed. Decomposition of carbon and hydrocarbon oxides with carbon release was observed at the Kachkanar iron-rich pellet cooling in shaft furnaces, where they were reduced. The released carbon interacts with iron oxides and alloying elements. Derivatorgraphic research was carried out, which allowed establishing the temperature ranges of the iron oxide and alloying element reduction process as well as reaction mechanism depending on the carbon amount. To investigate the nature of alloying element distribution among the metal and slag phases a mineralogical analysis was carried out for carbon containing iron-rich Kachkanar pellets.
The carried out research on alloying element (vanadium, titanium, manganese) distribution in Kachkanar iron-rich pellets after their post-reduction allowed process flow development for preparation of charge materials for steelmaking using spongy iron. A process was developed for vanadium and titanium containing alloying element production from iron-rich pellets containing carbon.
Anodic Dissolution of Non-Ferrous Metals in a Glycerate-Alkali Electrolyte
Authors: Valnev V A , Lobanov V G , Bludova D I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Studies have been conducted to assess the possibility of refining a lead collector containing precious metals, with the aim of obtaining lead using an economically viable and environmentally safe technology. A method of electrochemical selection in an alkaline glycerate electrolyte is proposed. The behavior of lead, silver and “silver crust” during anodic polarization in glycerate electrolyte was studied using the potentiodynamic method. “Silver crust” – type alloy of the following composition were used in this study, (wt.) %: 77.9 Pb, 12.76 Zn, 3.53 Ag, 0.50 Cu, Sb 0.90. The studies were carried out using the method of a rotating disk. Studied the patterns of anodic oxidation of lead and impurities in alkaline-water-glycerate electrolytes, depending on the concentration of sodium hydroxide and glycerol in the electrolyte, the potential sweep rate.
Effusion Mechanism of α-Layer Formation in Vacuum Casting of Titanium Alloys
Authors: Saulin D V , Poylov V Z , Uglev N P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The formation of the so-called α-layer when casting titanium alloys significantly impairs the mechanical properties of the metal and leads to the need for additional product surface treatment. It is known that simultaneously with the change in mechanical properties, the composition of the casting surface layer is often changed, and the composition change depth, as a rule, does not coincide with the depth of α-layer formed. The reason for α-layer formation, most often, is considered to be the introduction of foreign elements into the crystal lattice of a metal casting. According to our assumption, the mechanism of α-layer formation is two-stage, and it is associated with an intense diffusive effect on the melt structure in the casting outer layer, resulting from its boiling in vacuum during pouring into porous ceramic shells (CS). The paper suggests possible mechanism for composition changing of the surface α-layer in titanium castings due to the secondary processes of effusion saturation of the metal surface with reverse vapor flows coming from the porous ceramic shell after solidification of the casting. In this case, the primary process is the saturation of the CS pores due to the effusion of metal vapors during the boiling of the poured melt due to the high intrinsic vapor pressure exceeding the pressure in the foundry furnace. Chemical interaction of the alloy component vapors with the CS material leads to the volatile components: silicon, silicon II oxide, zirconium II oxide, saturating the metal surface layer due to reverse secondary effusion. The paper presents experimental results on α-layer formation when casting BT5JI alloy in CS having different composition and porosity. The research results confirm the assumption about both the diffusion mechanism of α-layer formation and the effusion mechanism of changes in its composition.
Effect of a Carbonaceous Additive on the Structure of an Aqueous Sodium Silicate Film on the Surface of a Refractory Chromite Filler
Authors: Kidalov N A , Grigoreva N V , Adamova A S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The results of studying the effect of a carbonaceous additive on the structure formation of aqueous sodium silicate film on the surface of a refractory chromite filler was shown. Ultradispersed pyrolytic carbon (pyrocarbon) was used as a carbonaceous additive. The structure of liquid glass films on the surface of a refractory filler was investigated after curing at temperatures of 180-400-600-900 °C, which are comparable to the temperature of convective drying of liquid glass molds and cores, as well as molds heating temperature during pouring with liquid metal. The structure of liquid glass films on a refractory filler was investigated using a Versa 3D two-beam scanning electron microscope, which made it possible to show the effect of pyrocarbon on the structure of a silicate binder film in each temperature range.
The Simplifying the Calculation of the Strip Profile during Rolling in a Four-High Mill Stand
Authors: Rumyantsev M I , Kolybanov A N , Yesipova O K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The task of simplifying the calculation of deformation of the rolls and the strip profile during rolling in a four-high (quatro) stand has been formulated and stated in the article. The design and computer experiment results on the basis of which nonlinear approximations have been obtained for simplified calculation of the transverse rigidity moduli of the roller unit of the quarto finishing stand of the wide - strip hot mill 2500 have been described. The calculation of the transverse rigidity moduli of the roller unit of the quarto finishing stand is performed depending on the rolling force and the regulating force.
On Issue of Strip’s Break during Cold Rolling
Authors: Belskiy S M , Shopin I I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The strip breaks during the cold rolling lead to significant losses in a continuous mill: downtime, associated with the elimination of consequences, and additional consumption of metal. Strip break occurs at a specific strip location, which further complicates the identification and analysis of its root causes, since a critical deviation of the parameters in only one small section of the strip may already be the cause of the subsequent break during cold rolling. In this work, the methods for checking hypotheses and regression modeling are used to identify the key parameters of hot-rolled strips that affect the strip break. Then, on the basis of the developed mathematical models, threshold values for key parameters are determined, exceeding which increases the probability of strip break.
Simulaling the Faceted Tube Drawing
Authors: Okulov R A , Semenova N V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper studies cold-sinking of four-, six-, and eight-faceted steel tubes from round billets in a single pass. The built mathematical model of the process objectively describes the drawing and allows forecasting the geometric and deformation parameters of the pipes processed, as well as the power parameters of the process. The model accuracy has been confirmed by a series of parallel calculations and a comparative calculation in two software packages. The results have shown satisfactory convergence. The theoretical experiment results have been verified by performing a full-scale one. The results have also been consistent. The research results are of practical use to the process equipment manufacturers and consumers.
Surface Texture of Deformed Copper Wire
Authors: Zorina M A , Karabanalov M S , Loginov Yu N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The texture of the cold-drawn copper wire was investigated along the radius and on surface by means of EBSD. The wire fiber texture after drawing has been shown to consist of a set of a main orientations analogically to the rolling texture. These texture orientations are associated to the stress state in drawing. The central area of the wire was characterized by two main orientations: faint <001> and powerful <111>-fibers. Main orientations {110} <001> and {112} <111> were distinguished within these fibers. The peripheral region is represented by a shear texture that rotates 90° to the center texture and scattered at ± 10°. The surface texture scattered close to axial and also has deviated preferred components: strong {110} <001> and weak {112} <111> orientations.
Hot Isostatic Pressing of AISI 6150 Steel
Authors: Chkalova D G , Raznoschikov A S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a promising way to improve the quality of structural materials, and therefore the structures themselves. The article presents the results of experimental studies on the application of technology for processing critical products made of AISI 6150 steel in order to reduce the number of pores in material and formed weld. The influence of HIP process on the structure of AISI 6150 steel samples was investigated using x-ray computed tomography. The experimental results show a significant improvement in structure of material, a decrease in the number and size of pores relative to the initial values. The experiments presented in this work were carried out on the basis of a HIP setup located at Vladimir State University.
The Use of Finite Mixture Models and EM-Algorithm to Analyze Grain Structure in HPT-Nanostructured Metallic Materials
Authors: Stolbovsky A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnalysis of grain size distribution’s histograms of Nb and Ni subjected to high-pressure torsion at cryogenic temperatures and Nb3Sn layers formed in Nb/Cu – Sn composite wires after the diffusion annealing has been carried out using statistical analysis method based on the application of finite mixture models and using an expectation – maximization algorithm with the estimation of fitting accuracy by the Bayesian information criterion. It has been established that the approximation by the model with a single component of logarithmic standard distribution is the most suitable for all examined experimental distributions in contrast to the model with two components. Besides, the use of the proposed approach allows to practically eliminate an influence of the additional errors in the experimental data which seem to be introduced at transmission electron microscopy image processing and constructing histograms of grain size distributions.
Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment Parameters on Structure, Phase Composition and Mechanical Properties of Ti-3Al-5Mo-4.5V Titanium Alloy
Authors: Illarionov A G , Stepanov S I , Demakov S L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The structure, phase composition and mechanical properties of (α+β) — titanium alloy solution treated at 850 °C, cold-rolled at the reduction ratio in the range of 0… 45%, followed by ageing at 450, 500, 550 °C for 0.5, 1.5, 3 hours was studied using XRD, microindentation and tensile testing. The influence of strain level at cold rolling and time-temperature parameters of ageing on the formation of structure and phase composition of solution treated and water quenched Ti-3Al-5Mo-4.5V alloy was investigated and discussed in terms of tensile properties and microhardness. The parameters of low temperature thermomechanical treatment (LTMT) of the (α+β) — alloy were proposed to obtain a high-strength state.
Research of Radial Flattening of Rolls in the Deformation Zone during Sheet Rolling
Authors: Pellenen A P , Lisovsky R A , Zhludov M A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The radial flattening of the rolls in the deformation zone is one of the reasons leading to the appearance of a strip minimum thickness during sheet rolling. Working rolls come into contact at the barrels edges as a result of pressing the strip into their core. At the same time, the rolling force increases significantly during rolling, reaching limit values for the rolling mill. A further reduction in thickness is not possible for this reason. Therefore, an accurate determination of the rolls radial flattening of is necessary for developing modes of belt deformation. The rolls radial deformation during the rolling of the belts in various modes was investigated, the existing methods for determining it in the work for the symmetric process and asymmetric rolling processes with different peripheral speeds of the work rolls were tested at the DUO-200 KhPL SUSU (NRU) experimental mill.
Investigation of the Influence of Dynamic Parameters on the Formation, Structure and Properties of Bimetallic Compounds during Explosion Welding with Simultaneous Stamping
Authors: Kuz’min V I , Lysak V I , Kuz’min E V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article reports on the study of the influence of dynamic parameters on the formation, structure and properties of bimetallic compounds during explosion welding with simultaneous stamping. The results of the study of the impact of the collision speed and contact speed on the strength, wave parameters and the amount of molten metal obtained by the explosion of a bimetallic compound of the iron + steel 3 alloy are presented. It is shown that the formation of a bimetal during explosion welding is significantly influenced by impact velocity, with an increase in which there is an increase in the values of the maximum deflection and radial deformation.
Research of Plasma Parameters Formed in the Laser Welding Area in Vacuum
Authors: Yu Letyagin I , Felikan K V , Ya Belenkiy V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The use of laser technology in the manufacturing processes of mechanical engineering is gradually increasing. However, laser welding cannot compete with electron beam welding because the processes of the interaction of the laser beam with the plasma arising above the zone of the laser beam affecting the metal are not sufficiently studied. Of particular interest is the use of laser welding in vacuum. The study of the secondary emission signal in the zone of the laser beam affecting the metal allows one to obtain information about the plasma cloud in the zone of laser welding in vacuum. To study the secondary emission current in the laser welding zone, a computer system with an analog-to-digital interface can be used. The registered secondary emission current made it possible to estimate such parameters of the plasma arising in the laser welding zone in vacuum as the plasma concentration, electron temperature, and plasma potential.