bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Concept of Brazilian Jurisdictional Waters and its Impact on the Freedom of the High Seas
Authors: Pereira da Silva Alexandre 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article examines the legal concept of Brazilian jurisdictional waters (BJW), which claims jurisdiction over the superjacent waters of its outer continental shelf, and considers its impact on the freedom of the high seas. Initially, the article introduces the idea of BJW through its historical and conceptual evolution. Then, Brazilian interventions in the United Nations Conferences on the Law of the Sea and municipal legislation are analysed in an attempt to identify if Brazil had previously made such a claim. Finally, each freedom of the high seas as listed in Article 87 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) is evaluated in the context of BJW and the domestic laws that enforce the jurisdiction. The article concludes that the concept of BJW, together with applicable laws, is inconsistent with the LOSC.
Circular Demonstration and the Necessity of Minor Premises
Authors: Botting David 
Published: February 2020

In the Prior Analytics Aristotle famously endorses the validity of the mixed modal syllogism Barbara lxl, but in the Posterior Analytics we appear to find Aristotle arguing that since demonstrations are only of what cannot be otherwise, both premises need to be necessary. One would almost think that Aristotle had forgotten what he said about mixed modal syllogisms were it not for the fact that he also appears to refer to it directly in Posterior Analytics
i.6. This is puzzling.
In this paper I will consider evidence for and against taking both premises to be necessary and conclude that, in accordance with Barbara lxl, the major premise of a demonstration needs to be necessary but the minor premise need not be, and this because the minor term – which denotes the object of inquiry and that to which the demonstrator is trying to demonstrate that something belongs necessarily – may be an accidental term. In particular, I will be offering an original interpretation of Aristotle’s arguments against circular demonstration in Posterior Analytics
i.3, which only makes sense if the minor premise is not necessary.
Influences of Local and Remote Conditions on Tropical Precipitation and Its Response to Climate Change
Authors: Saint-Lu Marion , Chadwick Robin , Lambert F. Hugo , Collins Matthew , Boutle Ian , Whitall Michael , Daleu Chimene 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBy comparing a single-column model (SCM) with closely related general circulation models (GCMs), precipitation changes that can be diagnosed from local changes in surface temperature (TS) and relative humidity (RHS) are separated from more complex responses. In the SCM setup, the large-scale tropical circulation is parameterized to respond to the surface temperature departure from a prescribed environment, following the weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation and using the damped gravity wave (DGW) parameterization. The SCM is also forced with moisture variations. First, it is found that most of the present-day mean tropical rainfall and circulation pattern is associated with TS and RHS patterns. Climate change experiments with the SCM are performed, imposing separately surface warming and CO2 increase. The rainfall responses to future changes in sea surface temperature patterns and plant physiology are successfully reproduced, suggesting that these are direct responses to local changes in convective instability. However, the SCM increases oceanic rainfall too much, and fails to reproduce the land rainfall decrease, both of which are associated with uniform ocean warming. It is argued that remote atmospheric teleconnections play a crucial role in both weakening the atmospheric overturning circulation and constraining precipitation changes. Results suggest that the overturning circulation weakens, both as a direct local response to increased CO2 and in response to energy-imbalance driven exchanges between ascent and descent regions.
Screening for thyroid disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An evaluation of current practice
Authors: Palit Tanuka , Heald Adrian H , Fryer Anthony A , Duff Christopher J 
Published: February 2020

Background United Kingdom national guidelines do not recommend routine testing for thyroid disease in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, some studies suggest an increased risk of thyroid dysfunction in T2DM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current practice of screening for thyroid disease in patients with T2DM. Methods Patients with pre-existing T2DM ( n = 339) were selected from records for routine glycated haemoglobin testing performed in December 2008. Using routinely collected primary/secondary care data from 2009 to 2017, we examined longitudinal thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine requests to determine the overall proportion of patients screened for thyroid dysfunction and the time interval between thyroid tests requested. Results Thirty-three patients (9.7%) had pre-existing thyroid disease. Of the remaining 306 patients, 96.4% had at least one thyroid test during the follow-up period. When the time interval between tests was evaluated in these patients, there was a discrete peak in thyroid function test requests at 12 months, consistent with routine annual testing. Most requests (77%) originated from a general practice setting. Conclusions Contrary to current guidelines, we have provided evidence suggestive of regular screening for thyroid dysfunction in patients with T2DM, particularly in general practice. The appropriateness of this practice remains unclear, but may warrant further examination to assess the clinical benefits of screening, balanced against cost.
Towards person-centred quality care for children with life-limiting and life-threatening illness: Self-reported symptoms, concerns and priority outcomes from a multi-country qualitative study
Authors: Namisango Eve , Bristowe Katherine , Murtagh Fliss EM , Downing Julia , Powell Richard A , Abas Melanie , Lohfeld Lynne , Ali Zipporah , Atieno Mackuline , Haufiku Desiderius , Guma Samuel , Luyirika Emmanuel BK , Mwangi-Powell Faith N , Higginson Irene J , Harding Richard 
Published: February 2020

Background: Paediatric life-limiting and life-threatening conditions (life-limiting conditions) place significant strain on children, families and health systems. Given high service use among this population, it is essential that care addresses their main symptoms and concerns. Aim: This study aimed to identify the symptoms, concerns and other outcomes that matter to children with life-limiting conditions and their families in sub-Saharan Africa. Setting and participants: Cross-sectional qualitative study in Kenya, Namibia, South Africa and Uganda. Children/caregivers of children aged 0–17 years with life-limiting conditions were purposively sampled by age, sex and diagnosis. Children aged 7 and above self-reported; caregiver proxies reported for children below 7 and those aged 7 and above unable to self-report. Results: A total of 120 interviews were conducted with children with life-limiting conditions ( n = 61; age range: 7–17 years), and where self-report was not possible, caregivers ( n = 59) of children (age range: 0–17) were included. Conditions included advanced HIV (22%), cancer (19%), heart disease (16%) endocrine, blood and immune disorders (13%), neurological conditions (12%), sickle cell anaemia (10%) and renal disease (8%). Outcomes identified included physical concerns – pain and symptom distress; psycho-social concerns – family and social relationships, ability to engage with age-appropriate activities (e.g. play, school attendance); existential concerns – worry about death, and loss of ambitions; health care quality – child- and adolescent-friendly services. Priority psycho-social concerns and health service factors varied by age. Conclusion: This study bridges an important knowledge gap regarding symptoms, concerns and outcomes that matter to children living with life-limiting conditions and their families and informs service development and evaluation.
Feasibility and acceptability of a culturally adapted advance care planning intervention for people living with advanced cancer and their families: A mixed methods study
Authors: Lin Cheng-Pei , Evans Catherine J , Koffman Jonathan , Chen Ping-Jen , Hou Ming-Feng , Harding Richard 
Published: February 2020

Background: Increasing evidence shows that advance care planning is effective in improving outcomes. However, its applicability and acceptability outside Western cultures remain unknown. Examination of relevant cultural adaptations is required prior to wider adoption. Aim: To examine the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally adapted advance care planning intervention in a Taiwanese inpatient hospital for advanced cancer patients, family members and healthcare professionals. Methods: A single-group, non-controlled, mixed methods feasibility study guided by a previously developed logic model. The culturally adapted advance care planning intervention represented a one-time intervention, comprising pre-advance care planning preparation and follow-up consultation. Qualitative interviews explored participants’ view on their involvement in the study. Patients’ medical records were examined to assess intervention fidelity. Findings from both data sets were integrated following analysis. Results: N = 29 participants ( n = 10 patients; n = 10 family members and n = 9 healthcare professionals) participated in the intervention, of who 28 completed follow-up interviews. Of the 10 advance care planning interventions delivered, most components ( n = 10/13) were met. Key contextual moderators influencing the intervention feasibility included: (1) resource constraints resulting in increased workload; (2) care decisions informed by relatives’ experiences of care; (3) the requirement for financial and policy support; and (4) a presumption for end-of-life care provision and surrogate decision-making. Six areas of intervention refinement were identified for future research. Conclusion: Implementing a culturally adapted advance care planning intervention in an inpatient hospital setting in Taiwan is possible. The participants reported the intervention to be acceptable. However, careful attention to the conceptual underpinning using local primary data is imperative for its success.
Waitlist and post-transplant outcomes in patients listed with intra-aortic balloon pump for heart transplant: United Network for Organ Sharing registry
Authors: Duran Antonio , Nguyen Duc T , Graviss Edward A , Bhimaraj Arvind , Trachtenberg Barry , Hussain Imad , Park Muyng , Estep Jerry D , Suarez Eric E , Guha Ashrith 
Published: February 2020

Background: Intra-aortic balloon pump as bridge-to-transplant (BTT) has been used successfully in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. However, the waitlist mortality in this population is high and predictors of waitlist mortality in this population are not known. We sought to identify predictors for waitlist mortality in patients listed with intra-aortic balloon pump and risk factors for 1-year mortality after heart transplant in this population. Methods: We identified patients listed for heart transplantation with intra-aortic balloon pump in the United Network for Organ Sharing data set from 1994 to 2015. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify predictors of waitlist mortality and 1-year post-transplant mortality. Results: From 1945 patients listed with intra-aortic balloon pump, 67.5% (N = 1313) were alive at 1 year and waitlist mortality was 32.5% (N = 632). We found that higher pulmonary vascular resistance, need for inotropes, and need for mechanical ventilation were associated with higher waitlist mortality. Mechanical ventilation and dialysis prior to transplantation were important predictors of 1-year post-transplant mortality. Conclusion: Predictors of mortality such as high pulmonary vascular resistance, dialysis dependence, inotrope, and ventilator dependence in patients listed with intra-aortic balloon pump can help us identify those patients that are at high risk of dying prior to a heart transplantation.
Description of Technique and Short-Term Outcomes of Radial Artery Access for Vascular Disease
Authors: Khalifeh Ali , Tolaymat Besher , Noggle Joseph , Kalsi Richa , Owen Christine , Nelms Justin 
Published: February 2020

Objectives: Radial artery access is widely utilized in coronary angiography with reported lower rates of vascular complications and better patient comfort. There is limited data in the literature regarding radial access in peripheral endovascular procedures. We hypothesize that radial access is safe and feasible for peripheral endovascular procedures. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients who underwent angiography using radial artery access between August 2013 and December 2017. Patient demographics and perioperative data were recorded and analyzed. Patient Selection: The operating surgeon screened patients presenting for elective angiography for possible radial artery access. Ultrasound guidance was used in all cases. Upon cannulation, the sheath was infused with an antispasmodic cocktail, and the patients were systemically anticoagulated. Results: Forty-seven out of 52 patients successfully completed their procedure (90% success rate). The patients were mostly female (60%), elderly (mean age of 71 years), and had several comorbidities. Preoperative diagnoses were variable. Procedures were both diagnostic (58%) and interventional (42%) with maximum sheath size used being 7F and median fluoroscopy time of 7.5 minutes. Only 2 patients experienced perioperative complications, and both of these were minor hematomas that resolved with manual pressure. Conclusions: Transradial arterial access for peripheral vascular angiography and interventions is safe and feasible. With low complication rates and increased patient comfort, transradial access serves as an excellent alternative to transfemoral access for a variety of endovascular procedures.
Association of Operative Repair Type and Trauma Center Designation With Outcomes in Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Wessels Lyndsey E. , Calvo Richard Y. , Sise Michael J. , Bowie Jason M. , Butler William J. , Bansal Vishal , Sise C. Beth 
Published: February 2020

Objective: Open repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) has shown improved outcomes at trauma centers. Whether the benefit of trauma center designation extends to endovascular repair of rAAA is unknown. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development 2007 to 2014 discharge database to identify patients with rAAA. Data included demographic and admission factors, discharge disposition, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes, and hospital characteristics. Hospitals were categorized by trauma center designation and teaching hospital status. The effect of repair type and trauma center designation (level I, level II, or other—other trauma centers and nondesignated hospitals) was evaluated to determine rates and risks of 9 postoperative complications, in-hospital mortality, and 30-day postdischarge mortality. Results: Of 1941 rAAA repair patients, 61.2% had open and 37.8% had endovascular; 1.0% had both. Endovascular repair increased over the study interval. Hospitals were 12.0% level I, 25.0% level II, and 63.0% other. A total of 48.7% of hospitals were teaching hospitals (level I, 100%; level II, 42.2%; and other, 41.8%). Endovascular repair was significantly more common at teaching hospitals (41.5% vs 34.3%, P < .001) and was the primary repair method at level I trauma centers ( P < .001). Compared with open repair, endovascular repair was protective for most complications and in-hospital mortality. The risk for in-hospital mortality was highest among endovascular patients at level II trauma centers (hazard ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95-2.92) and other hospitals (hazard ratio 1.66, 95% CI: 1.01-2.72). Conclusions: Endovascular repair overall was associated with a lower risk of adverse outcomes. Endovascular repair at level I trauma centers had a lower risk of in-hospital mortality which may be a result of their teaching hospital status, organizational structure, and other factors. The weight of the contributions of such factors warrants further study.
Improving Hashimoto’s thyroiditis by eradicating Blastocystis hominis: Relation to IL-17
Authors: El-Zawawy Hanaa Tarek , Farag Huda Fahmy , Tolba Mona Mohamed , Abdalsamea Hanaa Abdalbasit 
Published: February 2020

Background: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune disorder that causes significant morbidity. Interleukin (IL)-17 was identified as a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of HT. Blastocystis hominis (BH) is a very common infection and has been shown to be associated with several diseases. Our aim was to determine serum IL-17 level in HT patients with and without BH infection and the effect of eradicating BH in patients with HT. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 20 HT patients not infected with BH (group I), 20 HT patients infected with BH (group II), and 20 healthy patients (group III). Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), and IL-17 were performed by ELISA method and were repeated in group II after 6 weeks of eradication of BH. Results: Patients with HT showed a significantly higher serum IL-17 compared with controls. IL-17 was significantly higher in HT patients infected with BH compared with HT patients not BH infected (mean 6.93 ± 2.83 pg/ml versus 3.25 ± 1.55 pg/ml, p = 0.003). After BH eradication TSH, anti-TPO, and IL-17 were significantly decreased (mean 14.76 ± 11.11 µIU/ml versus 9.39 ± 7.11 µIU/ml, p < 0.001; mean 308 ± 175.6 IU/ml versus 295.4 ± 167.1 IU/ml, p = 0.006; and mean 6.93 ± 2.83 pg/ml versus 6.45 ± 2.48 pg/ml, p < 0.001), respectively. Multivariate analysis after treating BH infection showed that IL-17 was significantly negatively correlated with FT3 (adjusted p = 0.002) and significantly positively correlated with anti-TPO (adjusted p = 0.045). Conclusion: Treatment of BH infection ameliorates HT through reduction in IL-17, anti-TPO, and TSH. Clinical trial registration number: PACTR201909495111649
The practice of preparation for complex negotiations
Authors: Lindholst Morten , Bülow Anne Marie , Fells Ray 
Published: February 2020

Negotiators are routinely exhorted to prepare well, but what do they do in practice? This article draws on data collected as a team of negotiators prepared their strategy during the lengthy negotiations over a major power generation infrastructure contract. Using a framework that we developed using terms from the literature, the team’s preparation meetings were observed and then analysed for content, timing and changes in participation. It is shown that the standard checklist notion of preparation needs to be reconsidered as a multilevel, dynamic concept that changes in character over time. Far from just a first stage, the team’s continued preparation occurred in feedback meetings after rounds of negotiation at the table, between negotiation sessions and immediately before the next round of negotiations, and progress was seen to hinge on the differentiation of the preparation. Consequently, this long-term study provides insight into a key element of any general theory of negotiation while also suggesting implications for practitioners working with negotiating teams.
Exploring Import-led Growth in India: Evidence from the Post-reform Period
Authors: Maitra Biswajit 
Published: February 2020

While the export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis attracted much attention historically, the import-led growth (ILG) dimension received little attention despite important linkages. The present article studies whether the ELG, ILG, growth-led export (GLE) and growth-led import (GLI) propositions hold in India for the post-reform period. Accordingly, the short-run and the long-run impacts of exports, imports, exchange rate and trade openness on income are assessed. The analysis finds prominent evidence of ILG hypothesis, both in the short run and in the long run suggesting that import is a significant bearing of economic growth, while the ELG hypothesis holds only in the short run. Besides, the exchange rate and trade openness have negative impacts on income. The study also finds indications of significant, stable export- and import-demand functions, where income and trade openness have caused exports and imports to rise. As income causes a rise in both export and import, the GLE and GLI hypotheses are also testified. The exchange rate depreciation and lagged imports also cause the export to a raise. As trade particularly import is an essential factor in income growth, the country should encourage more outer-orientation of the economy. An import liberalization policy could be useful for economic growth. JEL Classification: F43, F13, F14, O24, C32
Atelocollagen Injection Improves Tendon Integrity in Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Kim Jong-Ho , Kim Dong-Jin , Lee Hyo-Jin , Kim Baek-Kyu , Kim Yang-Soo 
Published: February 2020

Background: Ongoing controversy surrounds the best treatment modality for partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. Purpose: To investigate the effects of atelocollagen injection in patients with small, symptomatic, intratendinous rotator cuff tears. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: From January 2014 to December 2017, 94 patients who had small, symptomatic, intratendinous rotator cuff tears were enrolled and randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups: intratendinous injection with 0.5 mL of type I atelocollagen (group 1, n = 32), intratendinous injection with 1 mL of type I atelocollagen (group 2, n = 30), and no injection of type I atelocollagen (group 3, n = 32). American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Constant Shoulder Score, visual analog scale pain score, and range of motion were evaluated before injection; at 3, 6, and 12 months after injection; and at final follow-up. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at least 6 months after injection to evaluate rotator cuff integrity. Results: Demographic data did not differ significantly among the 3 groups before injection ( P > .05). The mean follow-up period was 24.7 months. The functional and pain scores in groups 1 and 2 were significantly improved at final follow-up ( P < .05). No significant improvement was seen in functional or pain scores at final follow-up in group 3 ( P > .05). Groups 1 and 2 had significantly better functional scores compared with group 3 at final follow-up ( P < .05). The proportion of patients with a decrease in size of the torn tendon on follow-up MRI at least 6 months after atelocollagen injection was significantly higher in group 1 (28.1%; P = .02) and group 2 (36.7%; P = .003) compared with group 3 (6.3%). Conclusion: Atelocollagen injection can improve the functional outcome and integrity of the tendon in intratendinous rotator cuff tears.