bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Component-Based Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis of Composite Beam Cross-Sections
Authors: Scapolan Matteo , Sonneville Valentin , Callejo Alfonso , Bauchau Olivier A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Flexible multibody systems often include slender bodies that can be modeled as beams. In contrast with their three-dimensional counterparts, beam formulations are much more efficient and produce models that are more intuitive from engineering and design standpoints. This paper presents a modular approach for the analysis and design of complex beam cross-sections made of heterogeneous and isotropic materials. This approach builds on previous research by the authors, namely research that dealt with cross-sectional analysis and adjoint sensitivity analysis. In addition to the theoretical and software developments, a number of practical examples are shown and verified. The results show that this parametric approach facilitates the definition, analysis and design of complex beam cross-sections, all of which are necessary components in real-life design and manufacturing.
Methodology for the Estimation of the Aerodynamic Drag Parameters of Cyclists
Authors: Polanco Alejandra , Fuentes Juan , Porras Sebastián , Castiblanco Daniel , Uribe Julián , Suárez Daniel , Muñoz Luis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aerodynamic drag force has a relevant effect on cycling performance since it is one of the major resistive forces acting on the bicycle. For this reason, this paper presents the development of an experimental methodology to estimate the aerodynamic parameters of a bicycle-cyclist set. The methodology combines outdoor measurements to estimate the drag area with indoor measurements to measure the projected frontal area.
The methodology was implemented to quantify the effect of posture in the aerodynamic parameters of a group of cyclists. The tests were performed to characterize the drag parameters associated with three postures defined by the position of the grip on the handlebar: tops, hoods, and drops.
Significant differences in the aerodynamic parameters were found for the postures studied through the proposed methodology. The posture variation led to reductions of up to 11.8% in the drag area of the cyclists when passing from tops to drops posture. The results obtained are in agreement with the literature indicating that the implementation of the methodology is feasible for the estimation of the aerodynamic parameters in cycling.
Electromagnetic and Mechanical Analysis of an Origami Helical Antenna Encapsulated by Fabric
Authors: Zekios Constantinos L. , Liu Xueli , Moshtaghzadeh Mojtaba , Izadpanahi Ehsan , Radnezhad Hamid Reza , Mardanpour Pezhman , Georgakopoulos Stavros V. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work an origami based helical antenna is electromagnetically and mechanically analyzed and tested. The Kresling pattern is used to accommodate the helical nature of the antenna design. First, a mechanical analysis is performed showing that by increasing the number of the sides, the structure becomes more stable and it is easier to fold. An 8-sided design is chosen based on our results. The electromagnetic analysis of the antenna shows that it achieves a realized gain of 8.1 dB and that is circularly polarized. The antenna is fabricated and tested. Our results exhibit very good agreement between simulations and measurements.
Job Shop Scheduling Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm With Global Criterion Technique
Authors: Xu Ke , Manoochehri Souran 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) is a method which assigns multiple jobs to various machines. The large dimension of JSSP and the dynamic manufacturing environment have always been a difficult problem to optimize due to its size and complexity. In this study, three objective functions are selected namely, minimizing makespan, minimizing total cost and maximizing machine utilization. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to solve this scheduling problem. Lot size optimization technique is investigated for the potential of optimizing the makespan, total cost, and machine utilization objectives. Global Criterion (GC) Technique is implemented which can optimize multiple objectives all at once and obtain the best schedule. Finally, a case study is presented.
Successes and Challenges in Implementing Lean Product Development
Authors: Godbole Hrushikesh , Esterman Marcos , Palekar Shridhar , Arciniegas Alvaro Rojas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lean thinking is a successful management philosophy that originated in the production dominated mid-20th century. More recently, these principles have been contextualized in a product development setting. However, few companies have successfully adopted lean product development. The gap between the existing knowledge within the academic community and the current practices within the industry motivated an industry-academia research roundtable to identify the successes and challenges in implementing lean product development. This paper shares the successful practices, and the implementation challenges that industry faces in the context of lean product development, which include nomenclature, visual management and metrics, knowledge repository and lean education & training. The paper concludes with a roadmap of research required to enable the adoption of lean product development in the industry.
Modeling and Analysis of Subsystem Interactions in Robotic Assembly
Authors: Shriyam Shaurya , Gupta Satyandra K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present a modeling framework for a production line consisting of multiple robotic assembly cells by integrating probabilistic modeling and temporal logic verification techniques. A production line is a complex system comprising of multiple assembly cells which in turn comprises of multiple assembly stations. We evaluate the performance of the proposed operations plan by decomposing the whole system into smaller subsystems which are analyzed separately. This allows us to design optimized systems. We first model an assembly cell in a probabilistic model checking tool. Contingencies may arise in each cell during the production operations and are resolved by humans or the assembly robots themselves. We simulate multiple cells operating cooperatively to finish production of parts. We perform formal analysis for each cell, which is a sub-system of the production line and then study the aggregate behavior of the resulting production line. Based on our analysis of individual cell behavior, we can determine how to change cell settings to achieve the best production performance.
Voxel-Based CAD Framework for Planning Functionally Graded and Multi-Step Rapid Fabrication Processes
Authors: Brauer Cole , Aukes Daniel M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper we describe a new framework for planning functionally graded and multi-step fabrication processes for use in rapid prototyping applications. This framework is contributing to software tools that will simplify planning multi-material manufacturing processes and thereby make this type of manufacturing more accessible. We introduce the material description itself, low-level operations which can be used to combine one or more geometries together, and algorithms which assist the designer in computing manufacturing-compatible sequences. We then apply these tools to several example scenarios. First, we demonstrate the use of a Gaussian blur to add graded material transitions to a model which can then be produced using a multimaterial 3D printing process. Our second example highlights our solution to the problem of inserting a discrete, off-the-shelf part into a 3D printed model during the printing sequence. Finally, we implement this second example and manufacture two example components. The results show that the framework can be used to effectively generate the files needed to produce specific classes of parts.
Characteristics of Self-Deployment in Origami-Based Systems
Authors: Wilson Mary E. , Magleby Spencer P. , Howell Larry L. , Bowden Anton E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The potential of compliant mechanisms and related origami-based mechanical systems to store strain energy make them ideal candidates for applications requiring an actuation or deployment process, such as space system arrays, minimally invasive surgical devices and deployable barriers. Many origami structures can be thought of as a compliant mechanism because, like compliant mechanisms, its function is performed through the elastic deformation of its members. This stored strain energy could prove useful. There are opportunities using strain energy to develop approaches to deploy particular mechanical systems. In order to better understand the principles of self-actuation and promote the designs of such systems, a taxonomy of deployable origami mechanisms is presented. This taxonomy demonstrates that there are several different types of deployable origami mechanisms and provides an organizational method to better understand the design space. Characteristics of self deployment in concentrated, deployable origami strain energy mechanisms with internal actuation are identified and examples of strain energy based deployment are provided.
Effects of Cut Boundary Location on Finite Element Submodels With Contacts
Authors: Elke William J. , Sracic Michael W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Submodeling is a method used in Finite Element Modeling in order to evaluate features of interest, such as fillets or contact interfaces at a reduced cost. Submodeling can be done by creating a full-structure, coarse-mesh, “global” model and solving it. Once the solutions for this model are solved, a model just of the feature of interest, or “submodel”, can be solved using boundary conditions estimated based on global model results. The location of the submodel boundary has large effects on the accuracy of the solution and has been examined by the authors previously, but not for models with contact interfaces. This work uses the submodeling procedure on a model with two cantilever beams sandwiched together with a bolt close to the free end (dubbed “sandwich beam”). Numerous models are produced with different submodel boundary locations in order to better understand how those locations affect the solutions of a model with contact interfaces. The maximum contact pressure was the main metric used to examine the effects and the feature of interest was the bolt.
In previous works, it was determined that the global model mesh size and submodel boundary locations are the main sources of error in submodeling [15]. From this work, it was concluded that the inaccuracies of the global model mesh size are magnified when the submodel mesh is too close to the feature of interest. Furthermore, contact pressure tends to be overestimated as the submodel is refined, but it tends to converge as the global model is converged. This work also demonstrated that errors in global model solution (due to meshing) are mitigated when the entire feature of interest is included in the submodel and the submodel boundary locations are far enough away from that feature.
Energy Optimal Control of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators via Adaptive Dynamic Programming
Authors: Massenio Paolo Roberto , Naso David , Rizzello Gianluca 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an optimal motion control scheme for a mechatronic actuator based on a dielectric elastomer membrane transducer. The optimal control problem is formulated such that a desired position set-point is reached with minimum amount of driving energy, characterized via an accurate physical model of the device. Since the considered actuator is strongly nonlinear, an approximated approach is required to practically address the design of the control system. In this work, an Adaptive Dynamic Programming based algorithm is proposed, capable of minimizing a cost function related to the energy consumption of the considered system. Simulation results are presented in order to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method, for different set-point regulation scenarios.
Conceptualizing Stable States in Origami-Based Devices Using an Energy Visualization Approach
Authors: Avila Alex , Greenwood Jacob , Magleby Spencer P. , Howell Larry L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In many origami-based applications a device needs to be maintained in one or more fold states. The origami stability integration method (OSIM) presented in this paper provides an approach for graphically combining various techniques to achieve stability. Techniques are divided into four groups based on whether they are intrinsic or extrinsic to the origami pattern and whether they exhibit differentiable or non-differentiable energy storage behaviors. These categorizations can help designers select appropriate techniques for their application. The paper also contains design considerations and resources for several intrinsic techniques. Finally, two case studies are presented which use the OSIM and the technique guidelines to conceptualize stability in origami-based devices.
Phase Transformation Advancements of the Enriched Analytic Solution Method for Additive Manufacturing Applications
Authors: Steuben John C. , Birnbaum Andrew J. , Iliopoulos Athanasios P. , Michopoulos John G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Renewed interest in additive manufacturing (AM) and rapid prototyping technologies has driven great demand for corresponding modeling and simulation tools. While most such models are defined via the finite-element discretization of the relevant multi-physics, the authors have recently developed a method based on the enrichment of classical analytic solutions to the heat equation. The principal advantage of this enriched analytic solution methodology (EASM) is its high computational efficiency that can enable in-the-loop process control in a manner that removes assumptions made for classic analytical solutions and accounts for additional physics. These features enable the efficient and accurate exploration of the high-dimensional AM process parameter space. This work presents a further enrichment of the underlying analytic solutions to include the effects of phase transformation upon melting and solidification, which are shown to be significant in magnitude. It is demonstrated that the available property data for common AM materials are not adequate for accurate thermal modeling (via finite-element, EASM, or other means), and must be improved via future experimental efforts. A discussion of the accuracy and significance of the results achieved, and a summary of further work necessary to bring the EASM to maturity concludes this work.
Using a Point-Line-Plane Representation for Unified Simulation of Planar and Spherical Mechanisms
Authors: Sharma Shashank , Purwar Anurag 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a geometric constraints driven approach to unified kinematic simulation of n-bar planar and spherical linkage mechanisms consisting of both revolute and prismatic joints. Generalized constraint equations using point, line and plane coordinates have been proposed which unify simulation of planar and spherical linkages and are demonstrably scalable to spatial mechanisms. As opposed to some of the existing approaches, which seek to derive loop-closure equations for each type of mechanism separately, we have shown that the simulation can be made simpler and more efficient by using unified version of the geometric constraints on joints and links. This is facilitated using homogeneous coordinates and constraints on geometric primitives, such as point, line, and plane. Furthermore, the approach enables simpler programming, real-time computation, and ability to handle any type of planar and spherical mechanism. This work facilitates creation of practical and intuitive design tools for mechanism designers.
Students’ Decision-Making in a Product Design Process: An Observational Study
Authors: Shergadwala Murtuza N. , Panchal Jitesh H. , Ramani Karthik 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate students’ decision-making during the information gathering activities of a design process. Existing literature in engineering education has shown that students face difficulties while gathering information in various activities of a design process such as brainstorming and CAD modeling. Decision-making is an important aspect of these activities. While gathering information, students make several decisions such as what information to acquire and how to acquire that information. There lies a research gap in understanding how students make decisions while gathering information in a product design process. To address this gap, we conduct semi-structured interviews and surveys in a product design course. We analyze the students’ decision-making activities from the lens of a sequential information acquisition and decision-making (SIADM) framework. We find that the students recognize the need to acquire information about the physics and dynamics of their design artifact during the CAD modeling activity of the product design process. However, they do not acquire such information from their CAD models primarily due to the lack of the project requirements, their ability, and the time to do so. Instead, they acquire such information from the prototyping activity as their physical prototype does not satisfy their design objectives. However, the students do not get the opportunity to iterate their prototype with the given cost and time constraints. Consequently, they rely on improvising during prototyping. Based on our observations, we discuss the need for designing course project activities such that it facilitates students’ product design decisions.
The Impact of Consumer Preference Distributions on Dynamic Electricity Pricing for Residential Demand Response
Authors: Dunbar Samuel , Ferguson Scott 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Demand Response (DR) is the adjustment of consumer electricity demand through the deployment of one or more strategies, e.g. direct load control, policy implementation, dynamic pricing, or other economic incentives. Widespread implementation of DR is a promising solution for addressing energy challenges such as the integration of intermittent renewable energy resources, reducing capacity cost, and improving grid reliability. Understanding residential consumer preferences for shifting product usage and how these preferences are distributed amongst a population are key to predicting the effectiveness of different DR strategies. In addition, there is a need for a better understanding of how different DR programs, system level objectives, and preference distributions will impact different segments of consumers within a population. Specifically, the impacts on their product use behavior and electricity bill. To address this challenge, a product based approach to modeling consumer decisions about altering their electricity consumption is proposed, which links consumer value to their products, instead of directly to the amount of electricity they consume. This model is then used to demonstrate how population level preference distributions for altering product use impact system level objectives.
A Spatial Linkage Exoskeleton for a Shape-Adaptive Mobile Robot
Authors: Geyer David E. , Turner Cameron J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With the goal of developing a spatial linkage exoskeleton for a shape-adaptive mobile robot, capable of navigating obstacle-laden environments through changes in geometry, initial research focused on the nature of axis transformations, and parameters affecting linkages, such as the Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) parameters. Building on this background, angulated linkages are developed such that a series of scissor pairs, two angulated linkages connected at their midpoints, forming a closed-loop. Using the DH parameters, the geometries are considered in the development of a planar model. A kinematic model is also developed to replicate the design in future work. A linkage was designed using SolidWorks, and then imported into MATLAB’s Simscape Multibody software where a visual, analytical model was developed. The nominal planar model acts as the basis of a spatial model. Using the spatial model, initial prototypes were built to verify the virtual model. A concept for an actuation mechanism is discussed, with a prototype built to identify any limitations. Through experimentation and analysis of the prototypes, areas for improvement in the design are identified. Future work is discussed to further mature the design and development of this solution.
Research on Minimum Pressure Angle of Bennett Linkage
Authors: Bai Lele , Hang Lubin , Huang Xiaobo , Wang Mingyuan , Liu Ziyu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Space deployable structures that are constructed by the single loop over-constrained linkages have been extensively applied in the fields of aerospace and construction. The pressure angle regarded as an important index to measure the performance of the basic units has attracted more and more attention. The kinematic model of the Bennett linkage is studied by the D-H matrix and the analytic formula of the pressure angle has been deducted through kinematic equations. The rule of the Bennett linkage has been discovered that the minimum pressure angle occurs while the input angle equals nπ + π / 2(n ∈ N). According to the linkage configuration at the input angle of π / 2, the geometric meaning is revealed that the minimum pressure angle of the linkage is the same as the twist angle of the joint axes of the output link. Finally, conclusions can also be drawn that the smaller the twist angle of the output link is, the smaller the minimum pressure angle will be. The research enriches the kinematics of Bennett linkage and provides a reference for its engineering applications.
Similarity in Engineering Design: A Knowledge-Based Approach
Authors: Chaudhari Ashish M. , Bilionis Ilias , Panchal Jitesh H. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Similarity assessment is a cognitive activity that pervades engineering design practice, research, and education. There has been a significant effort in understanding similarity in cognitive science, and some recent efforts on quantifying the similarity of design problems in the engineering design community. However, there is a lack of approaches for measuring similarity in engineering design that embody the characteristics identified in cognitive science, and accounts for the nature of design activities, particularly in the embodiment design phase where scientific knowledge plays a significant role. To address this gap, we present an approach for measuring the similarity among design problems. The approach consists of (i) modeling knowledge using probabilistic graphical models, (ii) modeling the functional mapping between design characteristics and the performance measures relevant in a particular context, and (iii) modeling the dissimilarity using KL-divergence in the performance space. We illustrate the approach using an example of a parametric shaft design for fatigue, which is typically a part of mechanical engineering design curricula, and test the validity of the approach using an experiment study involving 167 student subjects. The results indicate that the proposed approach can capture the well-documented characteristics of similarity, including directionality, context dependence, individual-specificity, and its dynamic nature. The approach is general enough that it can be extended further for assessing the similarity of design problems for analogical design, for assessing the similarity of experimental design tasks to real design settings, and for evaluating the similarity between design problems in educational settings.