bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The serotonin 2A receptor agonist 25CN-NBOH increases murine heart rate and neck-arterial blood flow in a temperature-dependent manner
Authors: Buchborn Tobias , Lyons Taylor , Song Chenchen , Feilding Amanda , Knöpfel Thomas 
Published: February 2020

Background: Serotonin 2A receptors, the molecular target of psychedelics, are expressed by neuronal and vascular cells, both of which might contribute to brain haemodynamic characteristics for the psychedelic state. Aim: Aiming for a systemic understanding of psychedelic vasoactivity, here we investigated the effect of N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-cyanophenylethylamine – a new-generation agonist with superior serotonin 2A receptor selectivity – on brain-supplying neck-arterial blood flow. Methods: We recorded core body temperature and employed non-invasive, collar-sensor based pulse oximetry in anesthetised mice to extract parameters of local blood perfusion, oxygen saturation, heart and respiration rate. Hypothesising an overlap between serotonergic pulse- and thermoregulation, recordings were done under physiological and elevated pad temperatures. Results: N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-cyanophenylethylamine (1.5 mg/kg, subcutaneous) significantly increased the frequency of heart beats accompanied by a slight elevation of neck-arterial blood flow. Increasing the animal-supporting heat-pad temperature from 37°C to 41°C enhanced the drug’s effect on blood flow while counteracting tachycardia. Additionally, N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-cyanophenylethylamine promoted bradypnea, which, like tachycardia, quickly reversed at the elevated pad temperature. The interrelatedness of N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-cyanophenylethylamine’s respiro-cardiovascular effects and thermoregulation was further corroborated by the drug selectively increasing the core body temperature at the elevated pad temperature. Arterial oxygen saturation was not affected by N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-cyanophenylethylamine at either temperature. Conclusions: Our findings imply that selective serotonin 2A receptor activation modulates systemic cardiovascular functioning in orchestration with thermoregulation and with immediate relevance to brain-imminent neck (most likely carotid) arteries. As carotid branching is a critical last hub to channel cardiovascular output to or away from the brain, our results might have implications for the brain haemodynamics associated with psychedelia.
Diagnostic performance of CT and the use of GI contrast material for detection of hollow viscus injury after penetrating abdominal trauma. Experience from a level 1 Nordic trauma center
Authors: Thorisdottir Sigurveig , Oladottir Gudrun L , Nummela Mari T , Koskinen Seppo K 
Published: February 2020

Background Use of gastrointestinal (GI) contrast material for computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of hollow viscus injury (HVI) after penetrating abdominal trauma is still controversial. Purpose To assess the sensitivity of CT and GI contrast material use in detecting HVI after penetrating abdominal trauma. Material and Methods Retrospective analysis (2013–2016) of patients with penetrating abdominal trauma. Data from the local trauma registry, medical records, and imaging from PACS were reviewed. CT and surgical findings were compared. Results Of 636 patients with penetrating trauma, 177 (163 men, 14 women) had abdominal trauma (mean age 34 years, age range 16–88 years): 155/177 (85%) were imaged with CT on arrival; 128/155 (83%) were stab wounds and 21/155 (14%) were gunshot wounds; 47/155 (30%) had emergent surgery after CT. Two patients were imaged using oral, rectal and i.v. contrast; 23 with rectal and i.v. contrast; and 22 with i.v. contrast only. Surgery revealed HVI in 26 patients. CT had an overall sensitivity 69.2%, specificity 90.5%, PPV 90.0%, and NPV 70.4%. CT with oral and/or rectal contrast (n = 25) had sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 71.4%, PPV 85.7%, and NPV 45.5%. CT with i.v. contrast only (n = 22) had 75% sensitivity, 100% specificity, PPV 100%, and NPV 87.5%. No statistically significant difference was found between sensitivity of CT with GI contrast material and i.v. contrast only ( P = 1). Conclusion Stab wounds were the most common cause of penetrating abdominal trauma. CT had 69.2% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity in detecting HVI. CT with GI contrast had similar sensitivity as CT with i.v. contrast only.
Effect of Workplace Violence and Psychological Stress Responses on Medical-Surgical Nurses’ Medication Intake
Authors: Havaei Farinaz , MacPhee Maura 
Published: February 2020

Background Workplace violence is a prevalent phenomenon in the health-care sector globally, but few studies have examined its impact on nurses’ use of prescribed and/or over-the-counter medications to manage signs and symptoms. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the direct and indirect effect of workplace violence, through the pathway of psychological stress responses, on nurses’ frequencies of medication intake. An occupational stress and health outcomes model was tested in this study. Methods A secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data from 551 medical-surgical nurses in British Columbia was conducted. Both emotional and physical workplace violence were examined. Emotional exhaustion and posttraumatic stress disorder were psychological stress responses to workplace violence. Results Emotional and physical violence from patients and/or families were the most prevalent sources of workplace violence. Physical violence and psychological stress responses increased the frequency of medication intake after controlling for nurse characteristics. Emotional violence was not related to medication intake over and above the effect of psychological stress responses. Physical and emotional violence elicited psychological stress responses resulting in increased medication use. Conclusion Workplace violence triggers psychological stress responses with adverse outcomes on nurses’ health and well-being.
Association Between Neonatal Seizures and Social-Emotional Development and Adaptive Behavior in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Courchia Benjamin , Berkovits Michelle D. , Kurtom Waleed , Moral Theresa Del , Bauer Charles R. 
Published: February 2020

Aim: To evaluate social-emotional development and adaptive behavioral outcomes in a cohort of extremely low birth weight infants with a confirmed diagnosis of neonatal seizures. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of preterm infants weighing ≤1000 g at birth, with a diagnosis of neonatal seizures, evaluated between 21 and 31 months of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley-III) in a longitudinal neurodevelopmental follow-up program. Seizures were diagnosed using continuous video electroencephalography interpreted by a pediatric neurologist. Results: Nineteen infants meeting criteria were included and were matched with 38 control subjects, without clinical signs of seizures, and similar baseline characteristics. Multivariate analysis revealed significantly lower social-emotional development (–14.8 points; P = .05) and adaptive behavior scores (–10.8 points; P < .01) on the Bayley III in children with seizures compared to controls without clinical signs of seizure.Interpretation: Seizures are associated with impaired adaptive behavior and social-emotional development in this cohort of extremely low birth weight infants. These results highlight the negative association between neonatal seizures and functional development.
Impact of Physician Referral to Health Coaching on Patient Engagement and Health Risks: An Observational Study of UPMC’s Prescription for Wellness
Authors: Parkinson Michael D. , Hammonds Tracy , Keyser Donna J. , Wheeler Jennie R. , Peele Pamela B. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Evaluate impact of physician referral to health coaching on patient engagement and health risk reduction. Design: Four-year retrospective, observational cohort study with propensity-matched pair comparisons. Setting: Integrated delivery and finance system in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Sample: 10 457 adult insured members referred to health coaching by their physician; 37 864 other members identified for health coaching through insurer-initiated outreach. Intervention: Practice-based, technology-supported workflow and process for physician prescribing of health coaching during regular office visit, with follow-up on patient’s progress and implementation supports. Measures: Patient engagement based on completion of pre-enrollment assessment, formal enrollment in health coaching, completion of required sessions, health risk levels, and number of health risks pre- and post-health coaching referral. Analysis: Difference-in-difference analysis to assess change in health risk levels and number of health risks pre- and post-health coaching and probability weighting to control for potential confounding between groups. Results: Members referred by a physician were significantly more likely to enroll in a health coaching program (21.0% vs 6.0%, P < .001) and complete the program requirements (8.5% vs 2.7%, P < .001) than when referred by insurer-initiated outreach; significant within group improvement in health risk levels from baseline ( P < .001) was observed for both the groups. Conclusions: Patients are significantly more likely to engage in health coaching when a referral is made by a physician; engagement in health coaching significantly improves health risk levels.
Student Tobacco Use Behaviors on College Campuses by Strength of Tobacco Campus Policies
Authors: Ickes Melinda J. , Wiggins Amanda T. , Rayens Mary Kay , Hahn Ellen J. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To examine the association between strength of policy and self-reported tobacco use behavior, controlling for demographic characteristics, polytobacco use, knowledge of campus tobacco policy, and perceived policy compliance by others. Design: Cross-sectional, online survey. Setting: Ten participating State University of New York (SUNY) campuses; 5 with designated smoking/tobacco use areas and 5 with 100% tobacco-free policies. Subjects: Convenience sample of students from SUNY campuses: only tobacco users (N = 576 students) included for analysis. Measures: Items assessing tobacco use behaviors on campus, policy knowledge, and observation of others using tobacco on campus. Analysis: T tests and chi-square tests of association used to compare responses between tobacco users across campuses. Generalized estimating equations modeling used to evaluate predictors of tobacco use on campus; model estimated with students nested within campus. Results: Those on campuses without a comprehensive policy were more likely to report (in the past week) having seen others smoke on campus (98% vs 69%, P < .001), having personally smoked on campus (65% vs 36%, P < .001), and seeing others use tobacco products on campus (88% vs 67%, P < .001), compared to those on tobacco-free campuses. Conclusion: Tobacco-free campus policies provide numerous protective factors for tobacco users and nonusers. However, compliance strategies are imperative for intended policy success.
Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients with inhalation of dry powder tobramycin
Authors: Akkerman-Nijland Anne M. , Yousofi Mina , Rottier Bart L. , Van der Vaart Hester , Burgerhof Johannes G. M. , Frijlink Henderik W. , Touw Daan J. , Koppelman Gerard H. , Akkerman Onno W. 
Published: February 2020

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Pa) is the predominant pulmonary pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Tobramycin nebulization is used for the eradication of Pa infection. Nowadays, tobramycin dry powder inhalation (DPI) is available as well. This study reports the results of eradicating Pa with tobramycin DPI versus nebulization. Methods: Adult CF patients with a Pa isolation between September 2010 and September 2017 from the University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), the Netherlands, were included in this retrospective study. Results: In total 27 Pa isolations were recorded. In 13 of these, eradication was attempted with tobramycin, 7 with DPI and 6 with nebulization. DPI eradicated Pa successfully in six isolations (85.7%). Of these, one patient received additional oral ciprofloxacin and one received intravenous ceftazidime. Nebulization eradicated three Pa isolations (50.0%), in two of these, additional oral ciprofloxacin was given. Conclusion: Eradication rates of DPI tobramycin are comparable with those for nebulized tobramycin reported in the literature. This study suggests that DPI tobramycin is an alternative to nebulized tobramycin for eradication of Pa. Trial registration: The Medical Ethics Committee of the UMCG granted a waiver (METC2017-349), as they concluded that this study was not subject to the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
Pulse oximetric saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FIO2) ratio 24 hours after high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) initiation is a good predictor of HFNC therapy in patients with acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease
Authors: Koyauchi Takafumi , Yasui Hideki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Hasegawa Hirotsugu , Hozumi Hironao , Suzuki Yuzo , Karayama Masato , Furuhashi Kazuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Nakamura Yutaro , Inui Naoki , Yokomura Koshi , Suda Takafumi 
Published: February 2020

Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy provides effective respiratory management in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure. However, the efficacy and tolerability of HFNC for patients with acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) have not been established. This study was performed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of HFNC for patients with AE-ILD and identify the early predictors of the outcome of HFNC treatment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with AE-ILD who underwent HFNC. Overall survival, the success rate of HFNC treatment, adverse events, temporary interruption of treatment, discontinuation of treatment at the patient’s request, and predictors of the outcome of HFNC treatment were evaluated. Results: A total of 66 patients were analyzed. Of these, 26 patients (39.4%) showed improved oxygenation and were successfully withdrawn from HFNC. The 30-day survival rate was 48.5%. No discontinuations at the patient’s request were observed, and no serious adverse events occurred. The pulse oximetric saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FIO2) ratio 24 h after initiating HFNC showed high prediction accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.802) for successful HFNC treatment. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, an SpO2/FIO2 ratio of at least 170.9 at 24 h after initiation was significantly associated with successful HFNC treatment (odds ratio, 51.3; 95% confidence interval, 6.13–430; p < 0.001). Conclusions: HFNC was well tolerated in patients with AE-ILD, suggesting that HFNC is a reasonable respiratory management for these patients. The SpO2/FIO2 ratio 24 h after initiating HFNC was a good predictor of successful HFNC treatment. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
Association of short-term exposure to air pollution with myocardial infarction with and without obstructive coronary artery disease
Authors: Ishii Masanobu , Seki Tomotsugu , Kaikita Koichi , Sakamoto Kenji , Nakai Michikazu , Sumita Yoko , Nishimura Kunihiro , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Noguchi Teruo , Yasuda Satoshi , Kanaoka Koshiro , Terasaki Satoshi , Saito Yoshihiko , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Komuro Issei , Ogawa Hisao , Tsujita Kenichi , Kawakami Koji ,   the JROAD Investigators
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Air pollution including particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) increases the risk of acute myocardial infarction. However, whether short-term exposure to PM2.5 triggers the onset of myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries, compared with myocardial infarction with coronary artery disease, has not been elucidated. This study aimed to estimate the association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and admission for acute myocardial infarction, myocardial infarction with coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries.

Design
This was a time-stratified case-crossover study and multicenter validation study.

Methods
This study used a nationwide administrative database in Japan between April 2012–March 2016. Of 137,678 acute myocardial infarction cases, 123,633 myocardial infarction with coronary artery disease and 14,045 myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries were identified by a validated algorithm combined with International Classification of Disease (10th revision), diagnostic, and procedure codes. Air pollutants and meteorological data were obtained from the monitoring station nearest to the admitting hospital.

Results
In spring (March–May), the short-term increase of 10 µg/m3 in PM2.5 2 days before admission was significantly associated with admission for acute myocardial infarction, myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries, and myocardial infarction with coronary artery disease after adjustment for meteorological variables (odds ratio 1.060, 95% confidence interval 1.038–1.082; odds ratio 1.151, 1.079–1.227; odds ratio 1.049, 1.026–1.073, respectively), while the association was not significant in other variables. These associations were also observed after adjustment for other co-pollutants. The risk for myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (vs myocardial infarction with coronary artery disease) was associated with an even lower concentration of PM2.5 under the current environmental standards.

Conclusions
This study showed the seasonal difference of acute myocardial infarction risk attributable to PM2.5 and the difference in the threshold of triggering the onset of acute myocardial infarction subtype.
Smartphone apps for cancer: A content analysis of the digital health marketplace
Authors: Charbonneau Deborah H. , Hightower Shonee , Katz Anne , Zhang Ke , Abrams Judith , Senft Nicole , Beebe-Dimmer Jennifer L. , Heath Elisabeth , Eaton Tara , Thompson Hayley S. 
Published: February 2020

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the state of smartphone applications for cancer intended for the general public with a focus on interactive features, content sources, and application developer affiliations. The level of health provider involvement in screening or appraising application content was also assessed. Methods A total of 123 apps were identified for analysis from two major mobile application marketplaces (Apple iTunes = 40; Google Play = 83). Application characteristics were collected, analyzed, and reported. These included the mobile platform, cost, application developer affiliation, date of last update, purpose of application, content sources, and interactive features. Results In the study sample, 50% of the applications focused on general information for cancer (62/123). Next, this was followed by applications for breast cancer (15%, 19/123) and skin cancer (7%, 8/123). Only 10% of application descriptions (12/123) identified sources for application content. Interactive features included the ability to monitor symptoms, side effects, treatments, and chronic pain (20%, 25/123). Only 3% of the applications (4/123) stated content had been evaluated by health providers. Conclusions This study contributes an updated analysis of applications for cancer available in the digital health marketplace. The findings have implications for information quality and supportive resources for cancer care. More transparent information about content sources, organizational affiliations, and level of health provider oversight in screening application content is warranted. Recommendations for improving the quality of cancer applications are also offered.
Frailty and Sarcopenia in Patients With Distal Radius Fracture: A Geriatric Perspective
Authors: Caliskan Hatice , Igdir Volkan , Ozsurekci Cemile , Caliskan Emrah , Halil Meltem 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Sarcopenia, which is described as loss of muscle mass and function, worsens daily living activities of older people. Sarcopenia is a component of frailty that causes falls and fractures in older people. The aim of this study was to evaluate sarcopenia and frailty status of older people with distal radius fracture (DRF) and compare with age- and sex-matched controls without DRF. Materials and Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study including 27 patients with DRF and 28 controls without fracture who applied to geriatric outpatient clinic. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the definition of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Frailty was assessed by Fried frailty index. Comprehensive geriatric assessment was applied to all participants. Results: Median ages were 70 and 69 years (min: 65, max: 87 in both) in patients with DRF and controls, respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia was similar between the groups ( P = .48). Prefrail–frail (nonrobust) phenotype was higher in patients with DRF ( P = .04). Nonrobust phenotype was an independent variable predicting DRF in logistic regression models. Discussion: This study showed that nonrobust phenotype was an independent variable predicting DRF. Conclusion: Assessment of frailty and detecting patients with nonrobust phenotype may help clinicians in fracture prevention strategies.
Current and future applications of liquid biopsy in nonsmall cell lung cancer from early to advanced stages
Authors: Guibert Nicolas , Pradines Anne , Favre Gilles , Mazieres Julien 
Published: February 2020

Liquid biopsy refers to the analysis of any tumour-derived material circulating in the blood or any other body fluid. This concept is particularly relevant in lung cancer as the tumour is often difficult to reach and may need an invasive and potentially harmful procedure. Moreover, the multitude of anticancer drugs and their sequential use underline the importance of conducting an iterative assessment of tumour biology. Liquid biopsies can noninvasively detect any targetable genomic alteration and guide corresponding targeted therapy, in addition to monitoring response to treatment and exploring the genetic changes at resistance, overcoming spatial and temporal heterogeneity.In this article, we review the available data in the field, which suggest the potential of liquid biopsy in the area of lung cancer, with a particular focus on cell-free DNA and circulating tumour cells. We discuss their respective applications in patient selection and monitoring through targeted therapy, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors. The current data and future applications of liquid biopsy in the early stage setting are also investigated.Liquid biopsy has the potential to help manage nonsmall cell lung cancer throughout all stages of lung cancer: screening, minimal residual disease detection to guide adjuvant treatment, early detection of relapse, systemic treatment initiation and monitoring of response (targeted or immune therapy), and resistance genotyping.