bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Motor Skills, Diet, and Lifestyle: a Cross-Sectional Study of First-Grade Schoolchildren in Japan
Authors: Hatta Naoko , Tada Yuki , Furushou Tadasu , Kato Misao , Kanehara Rieko , Hata Toshiki , Hida Azumi , Kawano Yukari 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Childhood motor skills are important not only for the physical and mental health of children, but also for the prevention of future lifestyle diseases. This study aimed to investigate how motor skills among first-grade children in Japan are associated with dietary and lifestyle habits, after adjustment for various confounding factors.Methods: First-grade children (aged 6-7 years) attending three public elementary schools in Tokyo, Japan (n=884), participated in this cross-sectional study. Homeroom teachers distributed self-administered questionnaires to parents and children. Questionnaires focused on lifestyle habits and required completion of a 1-day dietary record. Motor skills were measured by the New Physical Fitness Test (NPFT). Physique was calculated using Rohrer’s index formula: weight (kg) / height (cm) 3 × 107. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the association between NPFT score and determinant factors. We also examined the association between NPFT score and the amount of energy derived from a healthy diet versus snacks.Results: NPFT scores were significantly and positively correlated with involvement in exercise lessons (boys, β = 0.131, P = 0.006; girls, β = 0.121P = 0.012), total energy intake (boys, β = 0.096, P = 0.041; girls, β = 0.145, P = 0.003), and outside playtime in boys (β = 0.135), and negatively correlated with Rohrer’s index in girls (β = -0.097, P = 0.047). Moreover, the amount of energy derived from a healthy diet showed positive correlations with NPFT score (boys, β = 0.120, P = 0.011; girls, β = 0.137, P = 0.005).Conclusions: Children’s motor skills were associated with the Rohrer’s index, involvement in sports lessons, outside playtime, and total energy intake, particularly that derived from a healthy diet. These results suggest that a well-balanced diet including grains, vegetables, fish and meat, fruits, and milk, is important for improving children’s motor skills.
“INSIDE” Project on Sexual Health in Spain: The Impact of the Lockdown Caused by COVID-19
Authors: Ballester-Arnal Rafael , Nebot-Garcia Juan E. , Ruiz-Palomino Estefanía , Giménez-García Cristina , Gil-Llario María Dolores 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic is becoming a major hazard to public health worldwide. This is causing a significant impact on life and physical health, as well as on the psychological well-being of the general population. Since the emotional distress and the social restrictions caused by this epidemic, it must be expected that its impact will also extend to sexual health. The purpose of this study, the first including a large sample of the Spanish general population, was to analyze sexual behavior during the 99 days of confinement in Spain (INSIDE Project). Method. 1,448 Spanish people, between 18 and 60 years old, were evaluated through an online survey during April 2020. The variables analyzed were the physical and social environment during confinement, sexual desire, type of sexual activity, masturbation, sexual intercourse, online sexual activity, general sexual frequency, sexual fantasies, degree of self-control over sexual drive, sexual abuse, general impact of confinement on sexuality and emotional mood. Results. Confinement has affected the sexual life of half of the Spanish population (47.7%), especially women. Those who reported a worsening of their sexual life are almost three times more (37.9%) than those who reported an improvement (14.4%). Conclusions. Different factors have been significant predictors of the positive or negative valoration about the impact of this confinement on sexual life, such as gender, couple life, privacy, stress level and the perception of confinement as unbearable. Policy Implications. These results have important implications for the public health and more especially sexual health of the Spanish population.
Dietary Behaviours May Modulate the Association Between Common MC4R Genetic Variants and Obesity and Its Comorbidities: The 1000PLUS Cohort Study.
Authors: Adamska-Patruno Edyta , Bauer Witold , Bielska Dorota , Fiedorczuk Joanna , Moroz Monika , Krasowska Urszula , Puckowska Sylwia , Wielogorska Marta , Szczerbinski Lukasz , Lipinska Danuta , Gorska Maria , Kretowski Adam 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The MC4R gene harbours one of the strongest susceptibility locus for obesity, and its metabolic consequences. The objective of this study was to analyze whether dietary factors may attenuate the MC4R genotypes effects on obesity and its comorbidities.Methods: In 819 adult participants, genotyped for MC4R SNPs (rs17782313, rs12970134, rs633265, rs1350341) the anthropometric measurements, total body fat, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), blood glucose, insulin, total-, LDL-, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations were assessed. The daily macronutrient intake was calculated based on the three-day food intake records, and daily physical activity based on the validated questionnaire. The ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used, and multivariate linear regression models were developed to evaluate the effects of diet on obesity and related factors in various genotypes carriers.Results: The CC genotype (rs17782313) carriers, being in the upper quantiles of protein intake, presented significantly higher VAT, VAT/SAT ratio, fasting blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations, and an increase of energy derived from proteins was associated with significantly higher BMI (Est. 5.74, R2=0.12), body fat content (Est. 8.44, R2=0.82), VAT (32.59, R2=0.06), and VAT/SAT ratio (Est. 0.96, R2=0.05). The AA genotype carriers (rs12970134) being in the upper protein intake quantiles presented higher BMI, body fat, SAT and VAT volume, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations. Individuals carrying the AG and GG genotypes in the upper carbohydrate intake quantile had significantly lower body weight, waist circumference, insulin resistance and fasting insulin levels. An increase of energy derived from proteins by AA carriers was associated with significantly higher VAT (Est. 19.95, R2=0.06) and VAT/SAT ratio (Est. 0.64, R2=0.05).Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that associations of the common MC4R SNPs with obesity and its comorbidities is modulated by dietary intake, and may be useful for genome-customized diets for obesity prevention.Trial registration. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03792685. Date of registration: 3Jan2019 (retrospectively registered), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03792685.
Multiscale heterogeneity in gastric adenocarcinoma evolution is an obstacle to precision medicine
Authors: Röcken Christoph , Amallraja Anu , Halske Christine , Opasic Luka , Traulsen Arne , Behrens Hans-Michael , Krüger Sandra , Liu Anne , Haag Jochen , Egberts Jan-Hendrik , Rosenstiel Philip , Meissner Tobias 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer is a somatic evolutionary disease, which adapts to environmental cues based on genetic constraints. Using multiregional exome sequencing, we tested the effect of somatic evolution on intratumoral heterogeneity and its putative clinical implications in adenocarcinomas of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction (GC). Methods: The study comprised a prospective discovery cohort of 9 and a validation cohort of 487 GCs. Multiregional whole-exome sequencing was done using 48 tumor samples (range: 3-10 tumor samples/patient) of the discovery cohort.Results: In total, the discovery cohort harbored 16,537 non-synonymous mutations (mutations/sample: median n=159; mutations/patient: median n=369). Intratumoral heterogeneity of somatic mutations and copy number variants were present in all tumors of the discovery cohort. 53-91% of the non-synonymous mutations were not present in each patient’s sample; 399 genes harbored 2-4 different non-synonymous mutations in the same patient; 175 genes showed copy number variations, the majority being heterogeneous, including CD274 (PD-L1). Phylogenetic analyses provided evidence for branched evolution being the most complex in a microsatellite instable GC. The analysis of the mode of evolution showed a high degree of heterogeneity in deviation from neutrality within each tumor. Studies on the validation cohort showed that the subclonal loss of SMAD4 is an independent predictor for poor patient outcome.Conclusions: Neutral and non-neutral somatic evolution shape the mutational landscape in GC. It leads to complex spatial intratumoral heterogeneity and may have profound effects on patient management. It provides crucial information for an individualized understanding of clinical prognosis and therapeutic options in GC patients.
Modeling COVID-19 with Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cells Reveals Synergistic Effects of Anti-inflammatory Macrophages with ACE2 Inhibition Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Duan Fuyu , Guo Liyan , Yang Liuliu , Han Yuling , Thakur Abhimanyu , Nilsson-Payant Benjamin E. , Wang Pengfei , Zhang Zhao , Ma Chui Yan , Zhou Xiaoya , Han Teng , Zhang Tuo , Wang Xing , Xu Dong , Duan Xiaohua , Xiang Jenny , Tse Hung-fat , Liao Can , Luo Weiren , Huang Fang-Ping , Chen Ya-Wen , Evans Todd , Schwartz Robert E. , tenOever Benjamin , Ho David D. , Chen Shuibing , Lian Qizhou , Chen Huanhuan Joyce 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Dysfunctional immune responses contribute critically to the progression of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) from mild to severe stages including fatality, with pro-inflammatory macrophages as one of the main mediators of lung hyper-inflammation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand the interactions among SARS-CoV-2 permissive cells, macrophage, and the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thereby offering important insights into new therapeutic strategies. Here, we used directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to establish a lung and macrophage co-culture system and model the host-pathogen interaction and immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among the hPSC-derived lung cells, alveolar type II and ciliated cells are the major cell populations expressing the viral receptor ACE2 and co-effector TMPRSS2, and both were highly permissive to viral infection. We found that alternatively polarized macrophages (M2) and classically polarized macrophages (M1) had similar inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, only M1 macrophages significantly up-regulated inflammatory factors including IL-6 and IL-18, inhibiting growth and enhancing apoptosis of lung cells. Inhibiting viral entry into target cells using an ACE2 blocking antibody enhanced the activity of M2 macrophages, resulting in nearly complete clearance of virus and protection of lung cells. These results suggest a potential therapeutic strategy, in that by blocking viral entrance to target cells while boosting anti-inflammatory action of macrophages at an early stage of infection, M2 macrophages can eliminate SARS-CoV-2, while sparing lung cells and suppressing the dysfunctional hyper-inflammatory response mediated by M1 macrophages.
Preparation of multilayer polyelectrolyte ceramic membrane for water disinfection
Authors: Boussemghoune Mohamed , Mustapha Chikhi , Ozay Yasin , Dizge Nadir 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A multilayer polyelectrolyte ceramic membrane using LbL was assembled to test the performance of water disinfection capability. The natural raw clay material (kaolin) was used as the main ceramic membrane (CM) support. The impact of the number of polyelectrolyte bilayers (2, 4, 6) on the retention of Escherichia coli was systematically investigated. Test results showed the water permeability coefficients (Lp) were 85.3 L/m2.h.bar and 69.5, 28.3, 50.1 L/m2.h.bar for pristine (CM0) and ceramic membranes with two bilayers (CM2), four bilayers (CM4), and six bilayers (CM6), respectively. Complete retention of E. coli was achieved by the multilayer polyelectrolyte ceramic membrane with four bilayers. The surface morphology of the multilayer polyelectrolyte ceramic membrane was identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the multilayer polyelectrolyte ceramic membrane can be safely applied in providing water disinfection.
Analysing consequences of infiltration and inflow water (I/I-water) using cost-benefit analyses
Authors: Sola Kristin Jenssen , Bjerkholt Jarle T. , Lindholm Oddvar G. , Ratnaweera Harsha 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Municipality of Asker (Norway) is at risk of not meeting the water quality targets set by the European Union Water Framework Directive within the stipulated timeframe. While there are multiple factors negatively impacting water quality in the municipality, wastewater is likely to be a major contributor. Infiltration and inflow water (I/I-water) leads to a number of unwanted consequences, of which direct discharge of untreated wastewater through overflow points is particularly important. In Aker municipality the portion of I/I-water is about 63%, while the goal is to achieve a level of about 30%. This study utilises a socio-economic cost-effectiveness analysis of measures to prevent sewer overflows into waterbodies. The most effective alternative identified in the analysis is a complete renovation of old pipes in combination with troubleshooting for faulty stormwater connections, when compared to alternatives considering upsizing/retention. I/I-water cost the municipality of Asker NOK34 million in 2017, when using a price of NOK16,434 for each kg of total phosphorus (Tot-P) let into the recipient water bodies. If the phosphorus cost is equal to or less than NOK17,806/kg Tot-P, then it will not be socio-economically justified to reduce I/I-water.
Antimicrobial, Antitumor and Side Effects Assessment of a Newly Synthesized Tamoxifen Analog
Authors: Abdmouleh Fatma , El Arbi Mehdi , Saad Hajer Ben , Jellali Karim , Ketata Emna , Amara Ibtissem Ben , Pigeon Pascal , Hassen Hanen Ben , Top Siden , Jaouen Gérard , Hammami Riadh , Ali Mamdouh Ben , Gupta Girish Kumar 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Tamoxifen citrate is a very prevalent drug marketed under several trade names
like Apo-Tamox, Nolvadex, Tamec, Tamizam, and Tamoplex. This molecule is approved by the FDA
for breast cancer treatment. Some studies have shown that tamoxifen has anti-tuberculosis and antiparasitic
activities. Like any drug, tamoxifen possesses side effects, more or less dangerous.

Aims:
Basically, this work is a comparative study that aims to: primarily compare the antimicrobial and
antitumor activities of tamoxifen and a newly synthesized tamoxifen analog; and to determine the molecule
with lesser side effects.

Methods:
Three groups of mice were injected with tamoxifen citrate and compound 2(1,1-bis[4-(3-
dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl]-2-phenyl-but-1-ene dihydrochloride) at doses corresponding to C1
(1/10), C2 (1/50), and C3 (1/100) to compound 2 lethal dose (LD50 = 75 mg/kg) administered to adult
mice. A group of noninjected mice served as a study control.

Results:
Experimental results suggest that compound 2 has better antitumor and antimicrobial activity
than tamoxifen citrate besides its lower toxicity effects.

Conclusion:
The results obtained from the present study confirmed the antitumor and antimicrobial
effect of tamoxifen citrate and its hematological side effects. Compound 2 seems to be more effective
than tamoxifen citrate for antitumor and antimicrobial treatment while having less hematological side
effects and less disruption of the blood biochemical parameters. These findings encourage us to perform
further studies on compound 2 and test it for other therapeutic uses for which tamoxifen was found effective.
N-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzamide Analogues: Novel Acetyl- and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Krátký Martin , Jaklová Karolína , Štěpánková Šárka , Svrčková Katarína , Pflégr Václav , Vinšová Jarmila 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Development of acetyl- (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors
belongs to viable strategies for the treatment of dementia and other diseases related to decrease in cholinergic
neurotransmission. Objective: That is why we designed twenty-two analogues of a dual AChEBuChE
salicylanilide inhibitor, N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzamide 1, to
improve its potency.

Methods:
We prepared N,N-disubstituted (thio)carbamates via direct acylation with (thio)carbamoyl
chloride, N-n-alkyl monosubstituted carbamates using isocyanates as well as its salicylanilide core analogues.
The derivatives were evaluated in vitro against AChE from electric eel and BuChE from equine
serum using spectrophotometric Ellman’s method.

Results:
The compounds showed moderate inhibition of both AChE and BuChE with IC50 from 18.2 to
196.6 μmol.L-1 and 9.2 to 196.2 μmol.L-1, respectively. Importantly, based on the substitution pattern, it
is possible to modulate selectivity against AChE or BuChE and some derivatives also produced a balanced
inhibition. In general, the most promising analogues were N-alkyl (C2-C6) carbamates and isomers
with a changed position of phenolic hydroxyl. N-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-bromo-5-
hydroxybenzamide 4a was the best inhibitor of both cholinesterases.

Conclusion:
A wide range of the derivatives improved the activity of the hit 1, they were superior to
carbamate drug rivastigmine against AChE and some of them also against BuChE. The most promising
derivatives also fit physicochemical space and structural features for CNS drugs together with an escalated
lipophilicity.
Beyond DNA-targeting in Cancer Chemotherapy. Emerging Frontiers - A Review
Authors: Mbugua Simon N. , Njenga Lydia W. , Odhiambo Ruth A. , Wandiga Shem O. , Onani Martin O. 
Published: August 2020

Modern anti-cancer drugs target DNA specifically for rapid division of malignant cells. One
downside of this approach is that they also target other rapidly dividing healthy cells, such as those involved
in hair growth leading to serious toxic side effects and hair loss. Therefore, it would be better to
develop novel agents that address cellular signaling mechanisms unique to cancerous cells, and new research
is now focussing on such approaches. Although the classical chemotherapy area involving DNA
as the set target continues to produce important findings, nevertheless, a distinctly discernible emerging
trend is the divergence from the cisplatin operation model that uses the metal as the primary active center
of the drug. Many successful anti-cancer drugs present are associated with elevated toxicity levels.
Cancers also develop immunity against most therapies and the area of cancer research can, therefore, be
seen as an area with a high unaddressed need. Hence, ongoing work into cancer pathogenesis is important
to create accurate preclinical tests that can contribute to the development of innovative drugs to
manage and treat cancer.

:
Some of the emergent frontiers utilizing different approaches include nanoparticles delivery, use of
quantum dots, metal complexes, tumor ablation, magnetic hypothermia and hyperthermia by use of Superparamagnetic
Iron oxide Nanostructures, pathomics and radiomics, laser surgery and exosomes.

:
This review summarizes these new approaches in good detail, giving critical views with necessary comparisons.
It also delves into what they carry for the future, including their advantages and disadvantages.
Sol-gel Synthesis of Boron Doped TiO2/hollow Glass Bubbles Composite Powders for Photocatalytic Degradation of Azophloxine
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Liu Yuxuan 
Published: August 2020

Background:
B-TiO2 was supported on the surface of iM16K glass bubbles to achieve a suitable density for the
B-TiO2/iM16K composite hollow spheres. Aeration or stirring in the wastewater can lead to thorough mixing of
photocatalyst and wastewater. Solid-water separation is quite easy because the materials can float on the water surface
while stopping aeration or stirring.

Methods:
The iM16K glass bubbles were used to prepare boron-doped B-TiO2/iM16K composite hollow spheres through
a sol-gel route. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy, UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectrometry, and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques.
Photocatalytic degradation of azophloxine on the composites was determined.

Results:
The bandgap energy of the B-TiO2/iM16K composite was slightly less than 3.0 eV when the calcination
temperature was below 500oC. The sample calcined at 350oC had a BET surface area of 88.6 m2
/g, while the value of the
sample calcined at 800oC was 1.2 m2
/g. The maximum photocatalytic degradation efficiency was obtained for the sample
calcined at 450oC, and nearly all of the original azophloxine molecules were decomposed after 120 min of irradiation.
Photocatalytic degradation efficiency after 30 min of irradiation was enhanced from 18.8% to 47.9% when B-TiO2 dosage
increased from 100 to 800 mg/L.

Conclusion:
Crystallization of anatase TiO2 was temperature dependent, and the properties of B-TiO2/iM16K composite
hollow spheres were affected by phase composition of the boron-doped TiO2 layer. The change in calcination temperature
can have significant effect on photocatalytic degradation of azophloxine. The production of hydroxyl radical depended on
photocatalytic activity of the B-TiO2/iM16K composite hollow spheres.
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Treatment and the Risk of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Denmark: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Five Years of Use
Authors: Laursen Henrik V.B. , Røikjer Johan B. , Dal Jakob , Jensen Morten Hasselstrøm 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been associated
with increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in both people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes
mellitus. Few studies using data from high-quality registries exist that attempt to determine the real-
world impact of the increasing use of this drug.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk of DKA in connection
with SGLT2i treatment in Denmark between 2013-2017.

Method:
A nationwide retrospective cohort of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus using SGLT2i
or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) was established and analysed using both
Cox-proportional hazard regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

Result:
The 37,058 individuals included in the cohort, were made up of SGLT2i (10,923), GLP1-
RA (18,849), SGLT2i+insulin (2,069), and GLP1-RA+insulin (10,178) users. The incidence rate
(IR) of DKA was 0.84 (95% CI 0.49-1.44) and 0.53 (95% CI 0.36-0.77) for the SGLT2i and
GLP1-RA groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant increase in the risk for DKA
with SGLT2i use (HR 1.02, 95% CI, 0.44-2.36). However, for the SGLT2i+insulin and GLP1-
RA+insulin groups, IRs were 3.47 (95% CI 1.92-6.27) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.68-1.37) respectively,
and the risk was statistically significantly higher (HR 5.42, 95% CI 2.16-13.56).

Conclusion:
We observed no significant increase in the risk of DKA for SGLT2i users compared
to GLP1-RA. However, a significantly higher IR of DKA was observed with concomitant insulin
use, and the risk of DKA was considerably higher for the SGLT2 group using insulin.