bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference study of CityGML software support: The GeoBIM benchmark 2019—Part II
Authors: Noardo Francesca , Arroyo Ohori Ken , Biljecki Filip , Ellul Claire , Harrie Lars , Krijnen Thomas , Eriksson Helen , van Liempt Jordi , Pla Maria , Ruiz Antonio , Hintz Dean , Krueger Nina , Leoni Cristina , Leoz Leire , Moraru Diana , Vitalis Stelios , Willkomm Philipp , Stoter Jantien 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOGC CityGML is an open standard for 3D city models intended to foster interoperability and support various applications. However, through our practical experience and discussions with practitioners, we have noticed several problems related to the implementation of the standard and the use of standardized data. Nevertheless, a systematic investigation of these issues has never been carried out, and there is thus insufficient evidence for tackling the problems. The GeoBIM benchmark project is aimed at finding such evidence by involving external volunteers, reporting on various aspects of the behavior of tools (geometry, semantics, georeferencing, functionalities), analyzed and described in this article. This study explicitly pointed out the critical points embedded in the format as an evidence base for future development. A companion article (Part I) describes the results of the benchmark related to IFC, the counterpart of CityGML within building information modeling.
Outcomes after surgery in patients with diabetes who used metformin: a retrospective cohort study based on a real-world database
Authors: Lin Chao-Shun , Chang Chuen-Chau , Yeh Chun-Chieh , Chang Yi-Cheng , Chen Ta-Liang , Liao Chien-Chang 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionLimited information was available regarding the perioperative outcomes in patients with and without use of metformin. This study aims to evaluate the complications and mortality after major surgery in patients with diabetes who use metformin.Research design and methodsUsing a real-world database of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance from 2008 to 2013, we conducted a matched cohort study of 91 356 patients with diabetes aged >20 years who used metformin and later underwent major surgery. Using a propensity score-matching technique adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, medical condition, surgery type, and anesthesia type, 91 356 controls who underwent surgery but did not use metformin were selected. Logistic regression was used to calculate the ORs with 95% CIs for postoperative complications and 30-day mortality associated with metformin use.ResultsPatients who used metformin had a lower risk of postoperative septicemia (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.98), acute renal failure (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.96), and 30-day mortality (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.88) compared with patients who did not use metformin, in both sexes and in every age group. Metformin users who underwent surgery also had a decreased risk of postoperative intensive care unit admission (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.62) and lower medical expenditures (p<0.0001) than non-use controls.ConclusionsAmong patients with diabetes, those who used metformin and underwent major surgery had a lower risk of complications and mortality compared with non-users. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to show direct evidence of how metformin improves perioperative outcomes.
Genetically engineered pigs manifesting pancreatic agenesis with severe diabetes
Authors: Nagaya Masaki , Hasegawa Koki , Watanabe Masahito , Nakano Kazuaki , Okamoto Kazutoshi , Yamada Takeshi , Uchikura Ayuko , Osafune Kenji , Yokota Harumasa , Nagaoka Taiji , Matsunari Hitomi , Umeyama Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Eiji , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Nagashima Hiroshi 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionPancreatic duodenum homeobox 1 (Pdx1) expression is crucial for pancreatic organogenesis and is a key regulator of insulin gene expression. Hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1) controls tissue morphogenesis by maintaining undifferentiated cells.Hes1encodes a basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressor and functionally antagonizes positive bHLH genes, such as the endocrine determination gene neurogenin-3. Here, we generated a new pig model for diabetes by genetic engineeringPdx1andHes1genes.Research design and methodsA transgenic (Tg) chimera pig with germ cells carrying a construct expressingHes1under the control of thePdx1promoter was used to mate with wild-type gilts to obtain Tg piglets.ResultsThe Tg pigs showed perinatal death; however, this phenotype could be rescued by insulin treatment. The duodenal and splenic lobes of the Tg pigs were slender and did not fully develop, whereas the connective lobe was absent. β cells were not detected, even in the adult pancreas, although other endocrine cells were detected, and exocrine cells functioned normally. The pigs showed no irregularities in any organs, except diabetes-associated pathological alterations, such as retinopathy and renal damage.ConclusionPdx1-Hes1Tg pigs were an attractive model for the analysis of pancreatic development and testing of novel treatment strategies for diabetes.
Qualitative study of the needs of injured children and their families after a child’s traumatic injury
Authors: Jones Samantha , Tyson Sarah , Davis Naomi , Yorke Janelle 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the needs of children and their families after a child’s traumatic injury.DesignSemi-structured qualitative interviews with purposeful sampling for different types of injuries and a theoretical thematic analysis.Participants32 participants; 13 children living at home after a traumatic injury, their parents/guardians (n=14) and five parents whose injured child did not participate.SettingTwo Children’s Major Trauma Centres (hospitals) in England.ResultsInterviews were conducted a median 8.5 months (IQR 9.3) postinjury. Injuries affected the limbs, head, chest, abdomen, spine or multiple body parts. Participants highlighted needs throughout their recovery (during and after the hospital stay). Education and training were needed to help children and families understand and manage the injury, and prepare for discharge. Information delivery needed to be timely, clear, consistent and complete, include the injured child, but take into account individuals’ capacity to absorb detail. Similarly, throughout recovery, services needed to be timely and easily accessible, with flexible protocols and eligibility criteria to include injured children. Treatment (particularly therapy) needed to be structured, goal directed and of sufficient frequency to return injured children to their full function. A central point of contact is required after hospital discharge for advice, reassurance and to coordinate ongoing care. Positive partnerships with professionals helped injured children and their families maintain a sense of hope and participate in joint decision making about their care.ConclusionThroughout the full trajectory of recovery injured children and their families need family centred, accessible, flexible, coordinated health services, with more effective harmonious, communication between professionals, the child and their family. There is a requirement for support from a single point of contact and a system that monitors the needs of the injured child and their family after hospital discharge.
Mothers’ experiences of perinatal care in Belgian public hospitals: exploring the social inequalities. Protocol for a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Schönborn Claudia , Castetbon Katia , Sow Mouctar , Racape Judith , De Spiegelaere Myriam 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionIn Europe, the social inequalities in perinatal health are usually found to be to the disadvantage of non-European immigrants and women with lower levels of education and income. Among the possible underlying mechanisms are inadequate access to healthcare services and suboptimal care. To explore this hypothesis in the Belgian context, our research will describe detailed maternal socioeconomic and migration characteristics, explore how these factors relate to each other, and how they relate to women’s perinatal care trajectories and experiences of care.MethodsUsing a modified version of the Migrant-Friendly Maternity Care Questionnaire, we will survey 900 mothers of Belgian nationality or a nationality from a North or Sub-Saharan African country, and having given birth in four maternity wards in Brussels. The questionnaire has been adapted to the study objectives and the Belgian context. Interviewers will administer the 116-item questionnaire to all women agreeing to participate and meeting inclusion criteria, within 14 days of having given birth. Clinical information will be extracted from hospital records.AnalysisWe will estimate the associations of women’s socioeconomic and migration characteristics with:Women’s antenatal care trajectories (timing of first antenatal consultation, minimum recommended number of consultations, and problems accessing care).Obstetric practices such as episiotomies, emergency caesarean sections, and inductions.Patient experience such as feelings of discrimination, respect, and understanding of information.We will use descriptive statistics, multiple correspondence analysis, and simple and multiple logistic regressions.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the hospital Ethics Committees and from the Université libre de Bruxelles (No: P2017/055/B406201730877). Written informed consent will be sought from all participants.In addition to disseminating findings and recommendations to the scientific community through open-source journal articles and conferences, we will also address local organisations and healthcare professionals via a written report and seminars.
Methods for the health technology assessment of complex interventions: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Baghbanian Abdolvahab , Merlin Tracy , Carter Drew , Wang Shuhong 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionIn healthcare policy and economic literature, research on the health technology assessment (HTA) of complex interventions (CIs) is becoming increasingly important. In many developed countries, HTA guides decision-making to help achieve greater value for money when funding health care. However, research has yet to identify the forms of evidence and evaluation criteria that should be used in the HTA of CIs. Previous research has established that the HTA of CIs requires multiple factors to be evaluated but there is no agreement on which factors ought always to be considered. There is equally little agreement on which forms of evidence ought to be collected or synthesised and how. We plan to perform a systematic scoping review in order to identify the range of evaluation criteria and types of evidence currently used in the HTA of CIs.Method and analysisThis protocol was developed to guide the methodological framework for the conduct of a scoping review on health technology assessment (HTA) of complex interventions (CIs), using the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the six-stage framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley, in addition to more recent innovations in scoping review methodology. A grey literature search will supplement the primary searches of seven electronic databases for studies available in English between January 2000 and August 2020. Two reviewers will independently screen all search results for inclusion and data will be extracted using a customised data extraction or charting form. Any dispute will be resolved by consensus or through arbitration by a third author. The mnemonic Population, Concept and Context will be adopted to establish criteria for selecting relevant literature, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: Extension for Scoping Review will be used for reporting the results. Several explanatory-descriptive methods will be used for analysing the extracted data including frequency and trend analyses as well as reflexive thematic coding and analysis.Mapping evidence on the HTA of CIs will allow us to gain a better understanding of both established and emerging practices, including the information types, requirements, values and parameters that are incorporated in the HTA of CIs. We also expect the findings of the scoping review to help identify research gaps that will guide future studies. As healthcare becomes more complex in its delivery, it is timely to determine how these complex interventions should be assessed so that policy decisions can be made about whether implementation and public funding is warranted.Ethics and DisseminationThis scoping review will involve secondary analysis of already collected data, and thus, does not require ethics approval. The research findings will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication and will also be disseminated at conferences and seminars.
Feasibility of reporting results of large randomised controlled trials to participants: experience from the Fluoxetine Or Control Under Supervision (FOCUS) trial
Authors: Mead Gillian , Dennis Martin 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesInforming research participants of the results of studies in which they took part is viewed as an ethical imperative. However, there is little guidance in the literature about how to do this. The Fluoxetine Or Control Under Supervision trial randomised 3127 patients with a recent acute stroke to 6 months of fluoxetine or placebo and was published in the Lancet on 5 December 2018. The trial team decided to inform the participants of the results at exactly the same time as the Lancet publication, and also whether they had been allocated fluoxetine or placebo. In this report, we describe how we informed participants of the results.DesignIn the 6-month and 12-month follow-up questionnaires, we invited participants to provide an email address if they wished to be informed of the results of the trial. We re-opened our trial telephone helpline between 5 December 2018 and 31 March 2019.SettingUK stroke services.Participants3127 participants were randomised. 2847 returned 6-month follow-up forms and 2703 returned 12-month follow-up forms; the remaining participants had died (380), withdrawn consent or did not respond.ResultsOf those returning follow-up questionnaires, a total of 1845 email addresses were provided and a further 50 people requested results to be sent by post. Results were sent to all email and postal addresses provided; 309 emails were returned unrecognised. Seventeen people replied, of whom three called the helpline and the rest responded by email.ConclusionIt is feasible to disseminate results of large trials to research participants, though only around 60% of those randomised wanted to receive the results. The system we developed was efficient and required very little resource, and could be replicated by trialists in the future.Trial registration numberISRCTN83290762; Post-results.
The Philippine COVID-19 Outcomes: a Retrospective study Of Neurological manifestations and Associated symptoms (The Philippine CORONA study): a protocol study
Authors: Espiritu Adrian I , Sy Marie Charmaine C , Anlacan Veeda Michelle M , Jamora Roland Dominic G 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe SARS-CoV-2, virus that caused the COVID-19 global pandemic, possesses a neuroinvasive potential. Patients with COVID-19 infection present with neurological signs and symptoms aside from the usual respiratory affectation. Moreover, COVID-19 is associated with several neurological diseases and complications, which may eventually affect clinical outcomes.ObjectivesThe Philippine COVID-19 Outcomes: a Retrospective study Of Neurological manifestations and Associated symptoms (The Philippine CORONA) study investigators will conduct a nationwide, multicentre study involving 37 institutions that aims to determine the neurological manifestations and factors associated with clinical outcomes in COVID-19 infection.Methodology and analysisThis is a retrospective cohort study (comparative between patients with and without neurological manifestations) via medical chart review involving adult patients with COVID-19 infection. Sample size was determined at 1342 patients. Demographic, clinical and neurological profiles will be obtained and summarised using descriptive statistics. Student’s t-test for two independent samples and χ2 test will be used to determine differences between distributions. HRs and 95% CI will be used as an outcome measure. Kaplan-Meier curves will be constructed to plot the time to onset of mortality (survival), respiratory failure, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, duration of ventilator dependence, length of ICU stay and length of hospital stay. The log-rank test will be employed to compare the Kaplan-Meier curves. Stratified analysis will be performed to identify confounders and effects modifiers. To compute for adjusted HR with 95% CI, crude HR of outcomes will be adjusted according to the prespecified possible confounders. Cox proportional regression models will be used to determine significant factors of outcomes. Testing for goodness of fit will also be done using Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Subgroup analysis will be performed for proven prespecified effect modifiers. The effects of missing data and outliers will also be evaluated in this study.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was approved by the Single Joint Research Ethics Board of the Philippine Department of Health (SJREB-2020–24) and the institutional review board of the different study sites. The dissemination of results will be conducted through scientific/medical conferences and through journal publication. The lay versions of the results may be provided on request.Trial registration numberNCT04386083.
Cytokines and their relationship with the severity and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Qing Quan , Cheng Anying , Wang Yiru , Li Haifang , Hu Liu , Zhao Xuecheng , Wang Tao , He Fan 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo delineate the characteristics and clinical significance of plasma inflammatory cytokines altered in COVID-19.DesignRetrospective, single-centre cohort study.SettingTongji Hospital in Wuhan, China.ParticipantsAmong a cohort of 308 patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19, 138 patients died while 170 patients recovered and were discharged from the hospital. The data were collected until 27 February 2020.Primary and secondary outcome measuresClinical characteristics and laboratory findings were obtained from electronic medical records using data collection forms.ResultsThe percentage of patients with elevated interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) increased with severity of disease (p<0.0001 for all). IL-2R (p<0.0001), IL-6 (p<0.0001), IL-8 (p=0.0001), IL-10 (p<0.0001) and TNF (p<0.0001) were also twofold to 20-fold higher in patients who died compared with those who recovered. Also, IL-6 and IL-10 increased in both the progressive patient groups: moderate (p=0.0026) and severe (p<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, higher levels of IL-2R (OR 1.001, 95% CI 1.000 to 1.002, p=0.031) and IL-6 (OR 1.013, 95% CI 1.003 to 1.024, p=0.015) on admission were associated with increasing odds of in-hospital death, independent of other covariates, including severity of disease and lymphocyte count.ConclusionIncreased proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, TNF and IL-10, showed an obvious association with both COVID-19 severity and in-hospital mortality. Thus, our study indicates that cytokines are valuable in predicting the severity of COVID-19 and helps in distinguishing critically ill patients from the less affected ones.
Progression of vital signs during ambulance transport categorised by a paediatric triage model: a population-based historical cohort study
Authors: Nielsen Vibe Maria Laden , Kløjgård Torben , Bruun Henrik , Søvsø Morten Breinholt , Christensen Erika Frischknecht 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the severity and progression of acute illness or injury in children using vital signs obtained during ambulance transport and categorised according to a paediatric triage model.DesignA population-based historical cohort study using data from prehospital patient medical records linked to a national civil registration database.SettingEmergency medical services providing ground-level transport in a mixed urban–rural region with three hospitals in Denmark.Participants25 039 events with patients aged <18 years attended by emergency medical services dispatched after a 1-1-2 emergency call during the years 2006–2018.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDistribution of the first observed vital signs according to a paediatric triage model: heart rate, Glasgow Coma Score, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and oxygen treatment, and proportion of patients progressing to a triage score with a lower level of urgency during ambulance transport.ResultsThe proportion of patients with the first observed vital signs outside the normal age-specific range was as follows: 33.6% for heart rate, 15.3% for Glasgow Coma Score, 17.4% for respiratory rate and 37.4% for oxygen saturation regardless of oxygen treatment. The proportion of patients progressing to a triage score with a lower level of urgency during transport varied with age: 146/354 (41.2%) for age 0–2 months, 440/986 (44.6%) for age 3–11 months, 1278/3212 (39.8%) for age 1–2 years, 967/2814 (34.4%) for age 3–7 years and 4029/13 864 (29.1%) for age 8–17 years (p<0.001). One-day mortality was 3.05 deaths per 1000 patient-days (95% CI 2.43 to 3.83).ConclusionsOne third of the patients’ condition progressed to a triage score with a lower level of urgency during ambulance transport. Vital sign documentation in paediatric patients was incomplete, and educational initiatives should be taken to increase documentation of vital signs, especially in patients aged ≤2 years.
Randomised controlled trial of integrated trauma-focused psychotherapy for traumatic stress and substance use among adolescents: trial protocol
Authors: Mills Katherine L , Barrett Emma , Back Sudie E , Cobham Vanessa E , Bendall Sarah , Perrin Sean , Brady Kathleen T , Ross Joanne , Peach Natalie , Kihas Ivana , Cassar Joanne , Schollar-Root Olivia , Teesson Maree 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder frequently co-occur and tend to have their onset during adolescence. Although research has highlighted the importance of treating these disorders in an integrated fashion, there is a dearth of empirically validated integrated treatment options for adolescents with this comorbidity. This paper describes the study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) examining the efficacy of an integrated trauma-focused cognitive–behavioural treatment for traumatic stress and substance use among adolescents (Concurrent Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Using Prolonged Exposure - Adolescent (COPE-A)), relative to a supportive counselling control condition (Person-Centred Therapy (PCT)).Methods and analysisA two-arm, parallel, single-blind RCT with blinded follow-up at 4 and 12 months poststudy entry will be conducted in Sydney, Australia. Participants (n~100 adolescents aged 12–18 years) and their caregivers (caregiver participation is optional) will be allocated to undergo either COPE-A or PCT (allocation ratio 1:1) using minimisation. Both therapies will be delivered individually by project psychologists over a maximum of 16 sessions of 60–90 min duration and will include provision of up to four 30 min optional caregiver sessions. The primary outcome will be between-group differences in change in the severity of PTSD symptoms from baseline to 4-month follow-up, as measured by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents for DSM-5.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the human research ethics committees of the Sydney Children’s Hospital Network (HREC/17/SCHN/306) and the University of Sydney (HREC 2018/863). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000785202; Pre-reults.Protocol versionVersion 1, 31 July 2017.