bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial enhanced heavy oil recovery through biodegradation using fungal extracellular enzymes from Aspergillus spp.
Authors: Zhang Junhui , Gao Hui , Lai Hangxian , Hu Shibin , Xue Quanhong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The progressive depletion of light crude oils has led to increased focus on efficient exploitation of heavy oil reserves to meet energy demand. Microbial enhanced oil recovery makes a substantial contribution to the recovery of heavy oils; however, most methods use bacteria, with less attention paid to the potential of fungi. In this study, we investigated the efficiency of fungal extracellular enzymes in biotransformation and biodegradation of heavy oil fractions into light compounds and the feasibility of the use of such enzyme preparations in enhanced oil recovery. Results: Two fungal strains of Aspergillus spp., isolated from bitumen samples, showed good growth on plates of mineral salts medium with heavy oil as the sole carbon source. The fungal extracellular enzymes, with dehydrogenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activities, exhibited the ability to biodegrade heavy oil. The biodegradation process was coupled with abundant production of gases, mainly CO 2 and H 2 . Gas chromatography analysis revealed a significant redistribution of n -alkanes in the heavy oil after treatment with fungal enzyme preparations, which resulted in an increase in individual n -alkanes. The viscosity of the heavy oil was decreased 66.33% by fungal enzymatic degradation. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the potential of fungal extracellular enzymes from Aspergillus spp. for applications in enhanced heavy oil recovery, including biotransformation of heavy to lighter crude oil and byproduct biogas formation.
Fluorescent markers rhodamine B and uranine for Anopheles gambiae adults and matings
Authors: Aviles Erica i , Rotenberry Rachel D , Collins C Matilda , Dotson Ellen M , Benedict Mark Q 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Marking mosquitoes is vital for mark-release-recapture and many laboratory studies, but their small size precludes the use of methods that are available for larger animals such as unique identifier tags and radio devices. Fluorescent dust is the most commonly used method to distinguish released individuals from the wild population. Numerous colors and combinations can be used, however, dust sometimes affects longevity and behavior so alternatives that do not have these effects would contribute substantially. Rhodamine B has previously been demonstrated to be useful for marking adult Aedes aegypti males when added to the sugar meal. Unlike dust, this also marked the seminal fluid making it possible to detect matings by marked males in the spermatheca of females. Here we evaluate marking in Anopheles gambiae s. s. with rhodamine B and uranine to estimate their potential contribution. Methods Two fluorescent markers, rhodamine B and uranine, were dissolved in sugar water and fed to adult Anopheles gambiae. Concentrations that are useful for marking individuals and seminal fluid were determined. The effects on adult longevity, the durability of the marking and detection of the marker in mated females was determined. We also evaluated effects on mating competitiveness. Results Rhodamine B marking in adults is detectable for at least three weeks, however uranine marking declines with time and at low doses can be confused with auto-fluorescence. Both can be used for marking seminal fluid which can be detected in females mated by marked males, but, again, at low concentrations uranine-marking is more easily confused with the natural fluorescence of seminal fluid. Neither dye affected mating competitiveness. Conclusions Both markers tested could be useful for field and laboratory studies. Their use has substantial potential to contribute to a greater understanding of the bio-ecology of this important malaria vector. Rhodamine B has the advantage that it appears to be permanent and is less easily confused with auto-fluorescence. The primary limitation of both methods is that sugar feeding is necessary for marking and adults must be held for at least 2 nights to ensure all individuals are marked whereas dusts provide immediate and thorough marking.
Disability, Frailty and Depression in the Community-dwelling Elderly with Osteosarcopenia
Authors: Park Ki-Soo , Lee Gyeong-Ye , Seo Sung-Hyo , Seo Young-Mi , Yoo Jun-Il 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of osteosarcopenia in the over 60-year-old community and to evaluate whether osteosarcopenia is associated with disability, frailty and depression.
Methods
This study was performed using the baseline data of Namgaram-2, which was developed to study the relationship between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and activity limitations in the elderly in rural areas. Among the 1010 surveyed subjects, 885 study subjects who were 60 years or older and had all necessary tests performed were selected. The Kaigo-Yobo checklist was completed for diagnosis of frailty and the degree of disability in everyday life was evaluated by WHODAS. To understand the symptoms of depression in the elderly, the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form-Korean (GDSSF-K) was used. The study subjects were divided into four groups: the normal group, in which both sarcopenia and osteopenia were undiagnosed, osteopenia only, sarcopenia only and the osteosarcopenia group, which was diagnosed with both sarcopenia and osteopenia.
Results
Of the 885 subjects over 60 years old evaluated, the normal group comprised 34.0%, the only osteopenia group 33.7%, the only sarcopenia group 13.1%, and the osteosarcopenia group 19.2%. WHODAS, Kaigo-Yobo, and GDSSF scores were statistically significantly higher in the osteosarcopenia group compared the other groups.
Conclusions
Osteosarcopenia is a relatively common disease group in the elderly community that may cause deterioration of health outcomes. Therefore, when evaluating osteopenia or sarcopenia in the elderly, management of those in both disease groups should occur together.
The symptom and frequency of the patients with multiple myeloma in osteoporotic vertebral body fracture in the elderly
Authors: HIGUCHI KENGO , Kumamoto Shinij , Honke Hidefumi , Mawatari Masaaki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: In an aging society, osteoporotic vertebral fracture will continue to rise. Multiple myeloma is mostly developed in elderly, so there is also a possibility to increase the number of multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma patients tend to have osteolysis lesion especially in the vertebral, so they are easy to injury vertebral fractures. In the medical care of osteoporotic vertebral fracture, it is not rare that we meet with undiagnosed multiple myeloma, but there are few reports of the symptom and frequency of the patients with multiple myeloma included in osteoporotic vertebral fracture. In multiple myeloma patients, early treatments improve consequence. So early medical examination by orthopaedist is clinically important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the symptom and frequency of the patients with multiple myeloma included in osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Methods: Between April 2016 and March 2017, 145 patients was diagnosed osteoporotic vertebral fracture, among these, the 108 patients was chosen with use of our criteria. Among these 108 patients, we examined blood examinations, Bence Jones proteins in urine, monoclonal protein on serum and numbers of vertebral fracture at the first visit to a doctor. Results: 6.5% (7/108) patients was diagnosed with symptomatic multiple myeloma. The rate between 75 to 84 years old patients was 5.1%, over the 85 years old was 8.2%. In the 7 patients, the mean age was 85, hemoglobin was 7.8g/dL and albumin-globulin ratio was 0.83, that was low value in all 7 patients. Existing vertebral lesion was 6.0 bodies. Conclusions: Multiple bone lesions or early refracture of vertebral is positively suspicious symptom of MM. The measurement of electrophoresis of protein, albumin-globulin ratio is recommended with vertebral lesion in elderly. The MM patients having bone lesion are likely to first visit orthopaedist, so it is necessary to positively considerate this pathophysiology.
Preloaded vs Manually-Loaded IOL Delivery Systems in Cataract Surgery in a Biggest Ambulatory Surgery Center of Northwestern China: An Efficiency Analysis
Authors: Wu Yazhen , Yan Hong , Yan Weijia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: To compare the efficiency of preloaded vs manually-loaded IOL (P-IOL vs M-IOL) delivery systems in cataract surgery in a biggest ambulatory surgery center of Northwestern China.Methods: A total number of 200 cases were included in this prospective observational study. Time and motion data were collected in one or two-operating rooms (1-OR or 2-ORs) scenario. An efficiency and revenue implications of introducing a preloaded delivery system for IOLs in cataract surgery model was used to estimate the change in cataract throughput and hospital revenue through translating from the M-IOL delivery system to the P-IOL system. Results: In the 1-OR scenario, the mean total case time was 16.9 minutes using P-IOL, which was 7.7% reduction compared with M-IOL (P < 0.01). In the 2-ORs scenario, the mean total surgeon time was 10.8 minutes using P-IOL, which was 7.8% reduction compared with M-IOL (P < 0.05). By switching from M-IOL to P-IOL, annual throughput will increase by 5.2% (960 cases) in the 1-OR scenario and 7.7% (1440 cases) in the 2-ORs scenario, which accompanying with an increase in revenue by approx. 284,352 USD in the 1-OR scenario and approx. 426,528 USD in the 2-ORs scenario. Conclusion: This is the first report of comparison with two IOL delivery systems in China by using different setting of scenario. IOL delivery with preloaded systems is time-saving in both 1-OR and 2-ORs scenario. Moreover, switching from the M-IOL delivery system to the P-IOL system holds potential to increase cataract throughput and hospital revenue.
Social Inequalities in Heat-attributable Mortality in the City of Turin, Northwest of Italy: A Time Series Analysis From 1982 to 2018
Authors: Ellena Marta , Ballester Joan , Mercogliano Paola , Ferracin Elisa , Barbato Giuliana , Costa Giuseppe , Ingole Vijendra 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
A Fourth-Order Cumulants Orthonormal Propagator Rooting Method Based on Toeplitz Approximation
Authors: Shi Heping , Ma Ning , Guan Zhiwei , Zhang Lizhu , Jiang Shan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A novel Toeplitz fourth-order cumulants

(\operatorname{FOC} )
orthonormal propagator rooting method

{\text{(TFOC-OPRM)}}
to direction-of-arrival

(DOA)
estimation for uniform linear array

(ULA)
is addressed in this paper. Specifically, the modified (reduced-dimension)

FOC{\kern 1pt} {\kern 1pt} (MFOC)
matrix is achieved at first via removing the redundant information encompassed in the primary

FOC
matrix, and then the

TFOC
matrix which possesses Toepltiz structure can be recovered by utilizing the Toepltiz approximation method. To reduce computational complexity, we adopt an effective method which depends on the polynomial rooting technology. Finally, the DOAs of incident signals can be estimated by exploiting orthonormal propagator rooting method. The theoretical analysis coupled with simulation results show that the proposed resultant algorithm can reduce computational complexity significantly, as well as improve the estimation performance in both spatially-white noise and spatially-color noise environments.
Positive association between triglyceride glucose index and arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients: the China H-type Hypertension Registry Study
Authors: Li Minghui , Zhan Aihua , Huang Xiao , Hu Lihua , Zhou Wei , Wang Tao , Zhu Lingjuan , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Data are limited on whether TyG index is an independent predictor of arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between the TyG index and arterial stiffness, and examined whether there were effect modifiers, in hypertensive patients.Methods: This study included 4718 hypertensive adults, a subset of the China H-type Hypertension Registry Study. The TyG index was calculated as ln[fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Arterial stiffness was determined by measuring brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Results: The overall mean TyG index was 8.84. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that TyG index was independently and positively correlated with baPWV (β, 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78, 1.17). Consistently, Multiple logistic analyses showed a positive association between TyG index risk of elevated baPWV (> 75th percentile) (odds ratio [OR], 2.03; 95% CI 1.70, 2.41). Analyses using restricted cubic spline confirmed that the associations of TyG index with baPWV and elevated baPWV were linear. Subgroup analyses showed that stronger associations between TyG index and baPWV were detected in men (all P for interaction < 0.05).Conclusion: TyG index was independently and positively correlated with baPWV and elevated baPWV among hypertensive patients, especially in men. The data suggest that TyG index may serve as a simple and effective tool for arterial stiffness risk assessment in daily clinical practice.
Comparing environmental microbiota of different growth stages of fresh water turtle Chinemys reevesii in pond and greenhouse cultivation
Authors: Zhou Aiguo , Xie Shaolin , Sun Di , Zhang Pan , Pan Zhengkun , Zuo Zhiheng , Li Xiang , Zou Jixing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The microbial community structure is an important indicator for evaluating the water quality of the aquaculture environment. In this study, V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene of pond (PC) and greenhouse cultured (GC) C. reevesii were sequenced. Results showed that a total of 1,993,090 high quality counts and 105,159 observed OUTs were obtained; and the Chao1 richness estimator of PC was significantly higher than that of GC groups. Beta-diversity showed that the microbiota of two groups were isolated from each other. In addition, the correlation analysis of environmental factors showed that NO2-N, PH, PO4-P, and stocking density played significant roles in the bacterial community composition. The dominant phyla in PC groups were cyanobacteria, proteobacteria, actinobacteria, bacteroidetes, verrucomicrobia, planctomycetes; and in GC groups were proteobacteria, bacteroidetes, firmicutes, cyanobacteria, chloroﬂexi, actinobacteria. The functional prediction showed that the top5 Picrust prediction gene functions were protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, retinol metabolism, proteasome, glycan binding proteins, and stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis. Meanwhile, the numbers and types of KEGG pathway annotations showed a significant difference between the two cultivation environments. The prediction of bacterial phenotype implied that the GC environment is more likely to deteriorate, and turtles are more susceptible to pathogens than those of PC environment. This is the first report to explore and understand the difference of microbiota characteristics between different cultivation environments in different growth stages of C. reevesii, which will provide basic data for water quality adjustment, disease prevention, and healthy breeding of turtle.
Early cervical cancer recurred with uterine fundus metastasis after laparoscopic fertility-sparing surgery: A case report
Authors: Shen Yuanming , Wan Xiaoyun , Liu Jihong , Xie Xing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose

Recently, the safety of minimally invasive radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer caused widespread controversy.The value of minimally invasive fertility-sparing surgery for early stage cervical cancer is still lacking evidence of randomized controlled trial (RCT).
Methods

Here we present a case of stage IB3 (FIGO2018) cervical carcinoma undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus laparoscopic radical trachelectomy (A clinical trial NCT02624531) because of strongly desiring to preserve the fertility. Nine months after the initial treatment, the patient was presented with an uterine fundus mass and elevated serum squamous cell antigen (SCC Ag) and OC125 antigen (CA125).
Results

Cervical cancer uterine fundus involvement may occur with advanced tumor stage. Early stage cervical cancer relapsed with an uterine fundus metastasis after laparoscopic radical trachelectomy is exceptionally rare. The patient was treated and cured by a radical hysterectomy.Post-operative pathology confirmed an isolated implanted squamous cell carcinoma in uterine fundus and no previous surgerical margins and endometria were involved.
Conclusions

This firstly reported case indicates that the safety of laparoscopic radical trachelectomy is still uncertain for advanced stage cervical cancer even if neoadjuvant and post-surgery chemotherapy is given, and also suggests that it is needed to discuss carefully the benefit and risk of such a strategy with the patient when the fertility preservation is considered.
Distribution of cervical lesions in high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) positive women with ASC-US: A retrospective single-center study in China
Authors: Wang Zhiling , Gu Ying , Wang Hui , Chen Junyu , Zheng Yawen , Cui Baoxia , yang xingsheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
To investigate distributions of cervical lesions and factors associated with the severity of the cervical lesions in high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) positive women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) cytology.
Methods
Clinical information of 250,000 women who underwent HPV and cytological test was collected from January 2012 to January 2019. The association between the severity of the cervical lesions and hr-HPV genotypes, hr-HPV viral load, and ages, were analyzed in hr-HPV-positive/ASC-US women.
Results
3459 hr-HPV-positive/ASC-US women were enrolled in this study. Overall, 43.51% of women with ASC-US had normal histological results, 34.35% had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 1.30% had cervical cancer. The rate of HSIL or worse (HSIL+) in women with single HPV16 infection (63.09%) was the highest, followed by HPV33 (57.50%), HPV51 (36.11%), HPV58 (36.11%), HPV52 (28.28%), HPV18(26.37%), HPV66 (19.35%), HPV39 (18.92%), HPV53 (15.00%), and HPV56 (8.51%). Detection rate of HSIL + in low, intermediate and high viral-load groups were 15.87% (n = 30), 34.91% (n = 74) and 40.68% (n = 214) (Cochran-Armitage Trend test χ2 = 35.03, P < 0.0001). Compared with the 51-60-year-old group (21.65%), the women in ≤ 30 (40.52%), 31–40 (39.67%), and 41–50 (34.22%) year-old groups had significantly higher risk of HSIL+. The women in ≤ 51–60 (2.68%) and > 60 (3.41%) year-old groups were at increased risk for cervical cancer, compared with the ≤ 30-year-old group (0.61%).
Conclusions
ASC-US women with HPV 16/18/33/51/52/58 single infection and multiple infections, as well as high HPV viral loads, have high risk of HSIL+.
Contribution Value：A Indicator for Measuring the Contribution of ncRNAs to Transcriptome
Authors: Gu Xinyi , Jin Bo , Qi Zhidan , Yin Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background：The expression difference multiple log2 FC and P value are often the main basis for screening ncRNA after high-throughput sequencing. However, the above two indicators can’t well reflect the regulatory effect of nonprotein coding RNA (ncRNA) on mRNA. Therefore, we propose a new indicator, Contribution value (C value), to characterize the contribution of ncRNAs to transcriptome transformation.Results：In this study, we analyzed multiple data sets from mice and humans. We take all differential expression mRNAs as a parent set and the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed on it. C value can be simply regarded as the sum of the product of the richfactor of each ncRNA target genes participating in each term/pathway and the P value of that term/pathway obtained from the parent set. We found that C value was superior to log2 FC and P value in all operation results.Conclusions：We show that the C value, which takes into accounts the the KEGG pathways and GO terms involved in the development of the disease, provides a measure of another dimension compared with the log2FC and P value. These hidden interactions between ncRNAs and their target genes may provide more comprehensive analysis.
Treatment of Covid-19 Patients With High Dose of Ulinastatin
Authors: Huang Hai , Hu Ping-Fang , Sun Liang-Liang , Guo Yi-Bin , Wang Qiong , Liu Zhi-Min , Yin Ji-Zhong , Shi Pei-Mei , Yuan Zong-Li , Tan Yu , Zhou Chao , Liu Ya-Long , Chen Cheng , Song Hui-Hui , Xie weifen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background No specific therapeutic agents or vaccines are available for the treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) yet. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of high dose ulinastatin for patients with Covid-19.Methods Twelve patients hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were treated with high dose of ulinastatin beyond standard care. The changes of clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations and chest images were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 10 patients with severe Covid-19 and 2 patients with moderate Covid-19 received ulinastatin treatment. The average age of the patients was 68.0 ± 11.9 years, ranging from 48 to 87 years. Nine of 12 patients (75.0%) had one or more comorbidities. The most common symptoms on admission were fever (8/12, 66.7%), cough (5/12, 41.7%) and dyspnea (5/12, 41.7%). The percentage of lymphocytes was decreased in 41.7% of patients (5/12), and 58.3% of patients (7/12) had elevated hypersensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (mean, 49.70 ± 77.70 mg/L). The white blood cell levels and the percentage of lymphocytes returned to normal in all of the patients, and CRP decreased significantly and returned to normal in 83.3% of patients (10/12; mean, 6.87 ± 6.63 mg/L) on the seventh day after ulinastatin treatment. Clinical symptoms were relieved synchronously. The peripheral oxygen saturation improved and 66.7% of the patients (8/12) did not need further oxygen therapy seven days after ulinastatin treatment. No patients required intensive care unit admission or mechanical ventilation. All patients revealed different degrees of absorption of pulmonary lesions after treatment. No obvious adverse events were observed.Conclusions Our preliminary data revealed that high dose of ulinastatin treatment was safe and showed a potential beneficial effect for patients with Covid-19.