bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Music Therapy on Pain and Quality of Life among Cancer Survivors
Authors: Bareh Samrika , D'silva Fatima 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer is one of the ten leading cause of death in India. Cancer patients usually present with moderate to severe pain which results usually from the cancer itself or from their treatment .To counteract pain complementary therapies are used along with the medical treatment. The most common used in the clinical setting is Music therapy; which is found to have a positive effect on the physical and psychological response of the patients.
Objectives: To find the effectiveness of Music therapy on Pain and Quality of life among Cancer survivors.
Material and Method : A quasi experimental research design was adopted for the study. The data were collected using demographic proforma, Numerical Pain rating scale and McGill Quality of life Questionnaire. 50 subjects with moderate to severe pain were identified and were randomly allocated into experimental (25) and control group (25). Experimental groups (25) received Music therapy for 15-20 mins twice a day for a period of 5 days. The control group (25) received no intervention. Pain was assessed twice a day, before and after the intervention for 5 th th days and QoL was assessed on the 6th and 10th day for both the groups..
Results: Majority of the subjects19 (38%) were between the age groups of 41-50 years and most of them 29 (58%) were males. Among the females the most common cancer was breast 12 (24%) and among males it was lungs 10 (20%). Most of the subjects 23(46%) had stage –II cancer, and 28(56%) were on radiation therapy. With regard to treatment, majority 29(58%) were on treatment for a duration of 1-3 months. The study also revealed a significant difference in the level of pain after the music intervention (p<0.05) and a significant improvement in the Quality of life especially affecting the physical and psychological domain (p<0.05). No significant association was found between pain, QoL and selected demographic variables (p<0.05)
Conclusion: Music therapy was found to be an effective complementary therapy in reducing the level of pain and improving the QoL of the cancer survivors.
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) : A rapid molecular diagnosis technique for detection of human pathogens
Authors: Chakraborty Gunimala , Karunasagar Indrani , Chakraborty Anirban 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDelivery of quality healthcare in case of an infectious disease depends on how efficiently and how quickly the responsible pathogens are detected from the samples. Molecular methods can detect the presence of pathogens in a rapid and sensitive manner. Over the years, a number of such assays have been developed. However, these methods, although highly reliable and efficient, require use of expensive equipment, reagents, and trained personnel. Therefore, development of molecular assays that are simple, rapid, cost-effective, yet sensitive, is highly warranted to ensure efficient management or treatment strategies. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a technique invented in the year 2000, is a novel method that amplifies DNA at isothermal conditions. Since its invention, this technique has been one of the most extensively used molecular diagnostic tools in the field of diagnostics offering rapid, accurate and cost-effective diagnosis of infectious diseases. Using the LAMP principle, many commercial kits have been developed in the last decade for a variety of human pathogens including bacteria, viruses and parasites. Currently LAMP assay is being considered as an effective diagnostic tool for use in developing countries because of its simple working protocol, allowing even an onsite application. The focus of this review is to describe the salient features of this technique the current status of development of LAMP assays with an emphasis on the pathogens of clinical significance.
DOUBLE JEOPARDY : PATHOLOGICAL FRACTURE AND NONUNION OF PROXIMAL HUMERUS DUE TO CHONDROCALCINOSIS
Authors: Shetty Vikram , Shetty Siddharth M , Ballal Arjun , Kamani Mayur M , Shetty B Jayaprakash 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFractures of the humerus constitute 5% to 8% of fractures and most have an uneventful healing, but occasionally non-unions of the fracture with joint stiffness of shoulder and/or elbow and prolonged debilitating pain may be encountered. Predisposing conditions usually are osteoporosis, obesity, alcoholism and smoking. Comminuted or segmental fractures, soft tissue interposition at the fracture site, improper fixation and infection may also result in non-union.A fracture of neck of the right humerus (dominant limb) in a young lady failed to unite following internal fixation and lead to atrophic non-union with implant loosening, which initially was suspected to be due to poor fixation and or infection, but histopathological evaluation on two separate occasions of the fracture site revealed a picture of Chondrocalcinosis (CC). CC is a condition wherein deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals occurs within articular cartilage and synovial tissue and is associated with joint pain leading to arthritis. The presence of these CPPD crystal has not been mentioned in the bone or at fracture sites in the literature, The histopathological evidence of CPPD at the fracture site in this case of humerus non-union did not establish whether the fracture was due to the pathology or the CPPD got deposited at the fracture site and was a cause of non-union.
Diagnostic Application of Fractal Dimension Analysis of Bone Invasion in Oral Malignancy—A Preliminary Retrospective Study
Authors: Archana M , Sadaksharam Jayachandran 
Published: April 2020

Introduction
Fractal dimension (FD) analysis gives a numerical measure of the degree of boundary irregularity or surface roughness of an object and is based on quantitative analysis of features in an image. It quantifies the trabecular pattern of bone by analyzing the trabecular bone and bone marrow detecting the early changes in alveolar bone mineral content. The aim of this study is to assess the alveolar bone density by FD analysis in digital orthopantomograms (OPGs) showing bony erosion.

Materials and Methods
The OPGs of 10 patients from the archives of Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology were included in this retrospective study. The radiographs were selected based on set inclusion and exclusion criteria. FD analysis through box counting (using ImageJ software) was applied to the digital radiographs to establish a noninvasive evaluation of bone structure. The FD values obtained were recorded.

Results
The FD values were recorded and the data were analyzed. FD values showed statistical significance with p <0.05.

Conclusion
With the number of samples analyzed and the results obtained, it can be concluded that FD analysis is an innovative method which can be used for early diagnosis of bony invasion in oral cancer. It can serve as a guide to dental surgeons in identifying the extent of bony invasion and can help in determining the margins of surgical resection of oral malignancy. This will prove to be a useful tool in surgical planning of oral malignancy.
Comparison of physical activity as an obesity-related behavior between immigrants and native-born US adults
Authors: Alese Joyce T. , Alese Olatunji B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNon-communicable diseases and chronic conditions such as obesity constitute significant public health issues in the United States (US) and globally. A major proximal determinant of obesity is physical activity, and related behavior. Limited data however exists comparing physical activity levels of US immigrants with those of native-born adults. This study aimed to compare US immigrants and native-born adults regarding associations of physical activity behavior and obesity. We analyzed data from the Health Information National Trends Survey. Outcomes of interest were various indicators of physical activity. Bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized in describing demographics, weight distribution, and associations between variables of interest. A total of 3,185 individuals participated in the survey. Male to female ratio was 1.6 and 17% of the participants were immigrants. The mean age was 51 years (SD ± 15) for immigrants and 55 years (SD ± 16) for native-born respondents. Among immigrants, the racial distribution was 55.3% Hispanic, 18.9% Asian, 14.7% White, 9.9% Black, and 1.3% other races. Immigrants were less likely than non-immigrants to spend 6 h or more a day on sedentary leisure activities (adjusted OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.42–0.97;p = 0.0350). Also, immigrants were more likely than non-immigrants to engage in physical activity of at least moderate intensity, at least once a week (adjusted OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.07–2.05;p = 0.0192). Compared to native-born adults, US immigrants appear to have healthier lifestyles regarding physical activity behavior. Strategies to sustain such tendencies among immigrants will promote health and reduce overall risks of obesity and other chronic diseases in the US. Researchers, practitioners and policy makers should develop targeted strategies and focus attention on keeping immigrants in the loop of positive health behavior, while encouraging US adults to engage in more physical activity. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of various socio-economic, demographic and cultural factors that impact proximal determinants of obesity.
A close examination of the role and needed expertise of brokers in bridging and building science policy boundaries in environmental decision making
Authors: Duncan Ronlyn , Robson-Williams Melissa , Edwards Sarah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractKnowledge brokers are often portrayed as neutral intermediaries that act as a necessary conduit between the spheres of science and policy. Conceived largely as a task in packaging, brokers are expected to link knowledge producers and users and objectively translate science into policy-useable knowledge. The research presented in this paper shows how brokering can be far more active and precarious. We present findings from semi-structured interviews with practitioners working with community-based groups involved in collaborative water planning in New Zealand’s South Island region of Canterbury. Working in a highly conflicted situation, our brokers had to navigate different knowledges and epistemic practices, highly divergent values and grapple with uncertainties to deliver recommendations for regional authorities to set water quality and quantity limits. Conceiving science and policy as interlinked, mutually constitutive and co-produced at multiple levels, rather than as separate domains, shows how the brokers of this study were not only bridging or blurring science policy boundaries to integrate and translate knowledges. They were also building boundaries between science and policy to foster credibility and legitimacy for themselves as scientists and the knowledge they were brokering. This research identifies further under-explored aspects of brokering expertise, namely, the multiple dimensions of brokering, transdisciplinary skills and expertise, ‘absorptive’ uncertainty management and knowledge translation practices.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Creating an optimal environment for distance learning in higher education: discovering leadership issues
Authors: Beketova Elena , Leontyeva Irina , Zubanova Svetlana , Gryaznukhin Aleksandr , Movchun Vasily 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCurrent literature does not provide exhaustive information about leadership as part of teaching and learning. The distance learning format creates a platform for developing leadership skills. However, this form of education is often confused with the denial of the importance of education and the ideas of “unschooling”, which leads to a negative attitude in society towards extramural forms of study. This study demonstrates the value of distance learning in the education system, and describes specific leadership skills that can be improved through distance learning. The study disproves unconfirmed judgments and clichés about detachment, loneliness, and the degradation of communicative competencies among distance learning students. The study as well outlines the impact of extramural forms of study on the development of inclusiveness and tolerance for self-expression in educational classes. Thus, it has been proven that distance learning has a positive influence on skills development.
Computational high throughput screening of inorganic cation based halide perovskites for perovskite only tandem solar cells
Authors: Kar M , Körzdörfer T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We search for homovalent alternatives for A, B, and X-ions in ABX3 type inorganic halide perovskites suitable for tandem solar cell applications. We replace the conventional A-site organic cation CH3NH3, by 3 inorganic cations, Cs, K, and Rb, and the B site consists of metals; Cd, Hg, Ge, Pb, and Sn This work is built on our previous high throughput screening of hybrid perovskite materials (Kar et al 2018 J. Chem. Phys.
149, 214701). By performing a systematic screening study using Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods, we found 11 suitable candidates; 2 Cs-based, 3 K-based and 6 Rb-based that are suitable for tandem solar cell applications.
An updated LLVM-based quantum research compiler with further OpenQASM support
Authors: Litteken Andrew , Fan Yung-Ching , Singh Devina , Martonosi Margaret , Chong Frederic T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Quantum computing is a rapidly growing field with the potential to change how we solve previously intractable problems. Emerging hardware is approaching a complexity that requires increasingly sophisticated programming and control. Scaffold is an older quantum programming language that was originally designed for resource estimation for far-future, large quantum machines, and ScaffCC is the corresponding LLVM-based compiler. For the first time, we provide a full and complete overview of the language itself, the compiler as well as its pass structure. While previous works Abhari et al (2015 Parallel Comput.
45 2–17), Abhari et al (2012 Scaffold: quantum programming language https://cs.princeton.edu/research/techreps/TR-934-12), have piecemeal descriptions of different portions of this toolchain, we provide a more full and complete description in this paper. We also introduce updates to ScaffCC including conditional measurement and multidimensional qubit arrays designed to keep in step with modern quantum assembly languages, as well as an alternate toolchain targeted at maintaining correctness and low resource count for noisy-intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) machines, and compatibility with current versions of LLVM and Clang. Our goal is to provide the research community with a functional LLVM framework for quantum program analysis, optimization, and generation of executable code.
Review on exsolution and its driving forces in perovskites
Authors: Kwon Ohhun , Joo Sangwook , Choi Sihyuk , Sengodan Sivaprakash , Kim Guntae 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Exsolution is a promising method to design metal nanoparticles for electrocatalysis and renewable energy. Metal nanoparticles exsolved from perovskite oxide lattices have been utilized as catalysts in many energy fields because of their high durability and excellent electro-catalytic properties. Although this method has received much attention in recent years, a comprehensive understanding is still lacking because of difficulties in finding a rational combination of driving forces and perovskite supports. Thus, the aim of our work here is to recapitulate the principles of exsolution and collect various exsolution studies by categorizing the driving forces of exsolution and the structural characteristics of perovskite supports. These classifications provide guidelines for selecting suitable materials groups and remodeling existing materials, thereby exploring applications of catalysts using exsolution that are applicable to academic and industrial fields.
Phytogreen synthesis of multifunctional nano selenium with antibacterial and antioxidant implications
Authors: Matai Ishita , Pandey Satish Kumar , Garg Deepa , Rani Komal , Sachdev Abhay 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The exploitation of plant extracts for the synthesis of nano selenium having antibacterial and antioxidant activities is an exciting approach to counteract the prevalence of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which holds relevance for medical and food industries. In the present work, a green and facile method for the preparation of nano selenium (nSe) using the fruit extract of Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus Emblica) has been reported. The optical and structural properties of the as-synthesized nSe were studied through various characterization techniques. Eventually, the antioxidant potential of nSe was investigated via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl free radical scavenging assays. Parallely, the antibacterial activity of nSe against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated. The antioxidant assays indicated that even low dosage of nSe showed excellent activity with EC50 values of 0.21 μg ml−1 and 3.34 μg ml−1, respectively. Moreover, nSe exhibited significant inhibition in bacterial growth at low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against Escherichia coli (16 μg ml−1), Staphylococcus aureus (32 μg ml−1) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (48 μg ml−1) compared to MIC values for standard drug ampicillin. Importantly, nSe did not induce any cytotoxic effects on normal human keratinocytes (HaCaT) at the tested concentrations; representing their biocompatible nature. The data obtained demonstrated the versatility of phytogreen nSe as a potent antioxidant and antibacterial agent to effectively prevent as well as treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
Möbius disjointness for nilsequences along short intervals
Authors: He Xiaoguang , Wang Zhiren 
Published: April 2020

For a nilmanifold

G

/

Γ

G/\Gamma

, a

1
1

-Lipschitz continuous function

F
F

and the Möbius sequence

μ
(
n
)

\mu (n)

, we prove a bound on the decay of the averaged short interval correlation

1

H
N

∑

n
≤
N

|

∑

h
≤
H

μ
(
n
+
h
)
F
(

g

n
+
h

x
)

|

\begin{equation*} \frac {1}{HN}\sum _{n\leq N}\Big |\sum _{h\leq H} \mu (n+h)F(g^{n+h}x)\Big | \end{equation*}

as

H
,
N
→
∞

H,N\to \infty

. The bound is uniform in

g
∈
G

g\in G

,

x
∈
G

/

Γ

x\in G/\Gamma

and

F
F

.
Contributions of Liquid-Based (Papanicolaou) Cytology and Human Papillomavirus Testing in Cotesting for Detection of Cervical Cancer and Precancer in the United States
Authors: Kaufman Harvey W , Alagia Damian P , Chen Zhen , Onisko Agnieszka , Austin R Marshall 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesGiven the recent debate challenging the contribution of cytology in cervical screening, we evaluated results of liquid-based cytology (LBC) and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in cotesting preceding cervical cancer (CxCa) and precancer diagnoses in a national, heterogeneous population.MethodsWe assessed the results of cotesting, performed by Quest Diagnostics, in 13,633,071 women 30 years and older, tested 2010 to 2018. Cotest results preceding CxCa or precancer diagnoses were analyzed and stratified by histopathology.ResultsAmong all screening results, 1,615 cotests preceded 1,259 CxCa diagnoses, and 11,164 cotests preceded 8,048 cervical precancer diagnoses. More women who were subsequently diagnosed with CxCa within 1 year were identified by the LBC result than by the HPV result (85.1%, 1,015/1,193 vs 77.5%, 925/1,193). Among all women with CxCa, the overall rate of nondetection was 13.1% (212/1,615) for cotesting results (LBC negative/HPV negative) and this rate increased substantially when testing exceeded 12 months compared to within 1 year prediagnosis of either CxCa or precancer.ConclusionsAnalysis of 9-year cotest results from a national reference laboratory confirms the value of LBC element in cotesting. This supports that LBC/HPV cotesting enhances screening for the identification of CxCa in women 30 years and older, more so than LBC or HPV alone within cotesting.
Histologic Findings of Uterine Niches
Authors: Karpathiou Georgia , Chauleur Celine , Dridi Maroa , Baillard Pauline , Corsini Thomas , Dumollard Jean Marc , Peoc’h Michel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The disruption or defect of the myometrium in the uterine scar of a cesarean section (CS) has been known by various names, such as uterine niche, isthmocele, deficient uterine scar, scar pouch, or diverticulum. Symptomatology, risk factors for niche development, and available treatment modalities have been recently studied. However, the histologic features of this disease remain unknown.

Methods
The histologic features of eight uterine niches are thoroughly described and a summary of the most important aspects of the uterine niche literature is provided. Five cases of CS scars without niche formation are comparatively examined.

Results
Most uterine niches harbor endocervical mucosa, often cystically dilated and/or an atrophic or disorganized endometrial mucosa of lower uterine segment origin. Regenerative epithelial atypia and fibroblastic stromal reaction are frequent features. No granulomatous reaction, important inflammation, or hemorrhage is seen. CS scars without niche formation do not harbor endocervical mucosa or inclusion cysts, fibroblastic stroma, or regenerative atypia.

Conclusions
As more prospective studies of uterine niche development and treatment will be conducted, a detailed pathologic report with the criteria proposed herein can be designed.
Nodding syndrome: a concise review
Authors: Olum Sam , Scolding Peter , Hardy Charlotte , Obol James , Scolding Neil J 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNodding syndrome is an uncommon epileptic disorder of childhood onset, which appears to occur exclusively in clusters in sub-Saharan Africa. It was first reported in the 1960s, in what is now southern Tanzania, then in Liberia, and later in South Sudan and northern Uganda, with both epidemic and endemic patterns described. The cause remains unknown. Here we describe the background and development of descriptions of the disorder, review its clinical features and summarize current theories and studies concerning its cause, outlining the principal remaining research questions relating to this highly unusual disease.
Quantifying epileptogenesis in rats with spontaneous and responsive brain state dynamics
Authors: Crisp Dakota N , Cheung Warwick , Gliske Stephen V , Lai Alan , Freestone Dean R , Grayden David B , Cook Mark J , Stacey William C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
There is a crucial need to identify biomarkers of epileptogenesis that will help predict later development of seizures. This work identifies two novel electrophysiological biomarkers that quantify epilepsy progression in a rat model of epileptogenesis. The long-term tetanus toxin rat model was used to show the development and remission of epilepsy over several weeks. We measured the response to periodic electrical stimulation and features of spontaneous seizure dynamics over several weeks. Both biomarkers showed dramatic changes during epileptogenesis. Electrically induced responses began to change several days before seizures began and continued to change until seizures resolved. These changes were consistent across animals and allowed development of an algorithm that could differentiate which animals would later develop epilepsy. Once seizures began, there was a progression of seizure dynamics that closely follows recent theoretical predictions, suggesting that the underlying brain state was changing over time. This research demonstrates that induced electrical responses and seizure onset dynamics are useful biomarkers to quantify dynamical changes in epileptogenesis. These tools hold promise for robust quantification of the underlying epileptogenicity and prediction of later development of seizures.