bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrative review of the epidemiology/biology of basal cell carcinoma: a need for public health consensus
Authors: Castrisos George , Lewandowski Richard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin malignancy afflicting modern Australian society. The most influential response to rising BCC incidence rates has been through public health primary prevention campaigns (PPC) which have persevered since the 1980s. These campaigns are widely heralded a success but clinical data quantifying these benefits are limited due to an absence of legislation around BCC reporting. A non‐systematic search of the literature was conducted identifying articles investigating the incidence and clinical characteristics of BCC over the past 40 years, as well as the economic viability of the PPC. There is robust evidence supporting stabilizing rates of BCC incidence in Australia. Similarly, multiple studies have shown the economic benefits of PPC through cost analysis. Anatomical and histological data are reported inconsistently, consequently limiting analysis of changes in BCC clinical characteristics. The consensus throughout the literature is that BCC is a significant public health issue that requires legislative reform. This narrative literature review serves to highlight the need for statutory changes around non‐melanocytic skin cancer data collection to enable appropriate analysis and evaluation of current management strategies.
Day‐only elective cholecystectomy: early experience and barriers to implementation in Australia
Authors: Pham Helen , Chiong Corinna , Sinclair Jane‐Louise , Pang Tony C. Y. , Yuen Lawrence , Lam Vincent W. T. , Pleass Henry C. , Johnston Emma , Richardson Arthur J. , Hollands Michael J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDay‐only laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DOLC) has been shown to be safe and feasible yet has not been widely implemented in Australia. This study explores the introduction of routine DOLC to Westmead Hospital, and highlights the barriers to its implementation.MethodsRoutine day‐only cholecystectomy protocol was introduced at Westmead Hospital in 2014. A retrospective review of patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy during a 12‐month period in 2014 was compared to a 12‐month period in 2018, to examine the changes in practice after implementation of a unit protocol. Data were collected on patient demographics, admission category, outcomes and re‐presentations.ResultsA total of 282 patients were included in the study, of these 169 were booked as day procedures, with 124 (73%) successfully discharged on the same day. There was a significant increase in the proportion of patients booked as day‐only from 2014 to 2018 (48% versus 73%, P < 0.001). Day‐only failure rates (unplanned overnight admissions), readmissions and complication rates were comparable between the two periods. The most common reason for unplanned overnight admissions were due to intraoperative findings (n = 28/45).ConclusionRoutine DOLC can be adopted in Australian hospitals without compromise to patient safety. Unplanned overnight admission is predominantly due to unexpected surgical pathology and can be reduced by protocols for the use of drains and planned outpatient endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Unplanned outpatient review can be minimized by optimizing both intra‐ and post‐operative pain management. Individual surgeon and anaesthetist preferences remain an obstacle to a standardized protocol in the Australian setting.
A tool for assessing the comprehensiveness of outcome reporting within clinical trials in pregnancy
Authors: Lim Justin W. J. , Lor Kar Y. , D'Souza Rohan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionClinical trials provide fundamental evidence used to inform healthcare decisions at patient‐ and population levels and it is thus important that trials consider outcomes relevant to both patients and stakeholders. Although validated tools assessing other aspects of trial integrity exist, there is no tool for assessing the breadth and completeness of outcomes measured. Our objective was to develop a comprehensiveness of outcome reporting (COR) tool to assess this within trials in pregnancy.Material and methodsWe developed a tool that aids in visualizing outcome reporting through the automatic generation of a heatmap, enabling assessment of the range of maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes included in clinical trials. Outcome reporting and measurement of each study is compared to a context‐specific, user‐determined, ideal standard set of outcomes, created by initially considering all domains within five core outcome areas. These include mortality, morbidity, functioning/life‐impact, resource‐use, and adverse events, as identified by the most recent taxonomy for outcomes in medical research. We tested the tool’s functionality using trials previously identified as studies on obesity in pregnant patients, and further compared the utility of the COR Tool against Cochrane’s Risk of Bias 2.0 Tool using correlational analysis.ResultsThe pilot heatmap using clinical trials studying obesity in pregnancy (n = 15), illustrated a lack of comprehensiveness of reported outcomes in the majority of studies. Included trials were found to readily report physiological/clinical outcome but consistently neglected outcome areas related to functioning, delivery of care, resource‐use, and adverse events. Outcome areas reported and measured were done so with largely varying degrees of quality. When the COR Tool was compared with Cochrane’s RoB 2.0 Tool on a scatter plot, only a weak correlation was found (R = 0.2936, R2 = 0.0862)ConclusionsThe COR Tool will promote transparency in clarifying what outcomes a trial’s conclusions are based on, encourage trialists to consider outcomes related to all aspects of maternal and fetal/neonatal health, and support reviewers in appraising outcome reporting and measurement in the assessment of trial integrity. Used in tandem with RoB tools and core outcome sets, we hope the COR Tool will meaningfully contribute to improving maternal‐infant health.
Clinical correlates and outcomes associated with pregabalin use among people prescribed opioids for chronic non‐cancer pain: A five‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Nielsen Suzanne , Gisev Natasa , Leung Janni , Clare Philip , Bruno Raimondo , Lintzeris Nicholas , Larance Briony , Blyth Fiona , Hall Wayne , Cohen Milton , Degenhardt Louisa , Farrell Michael , Campbell Gabrielle 
Published: December 2020

AimsPregabalin has become widely used as an alternative to opioids in treating certain types of chronic non‐cancer pain, but few studies have examined its clinical efficacy outside trials. We address this gap by examining the utilization, correlates and clinical outcomes of pregabalin use among an Australian community‐based cohort of people prescribed opioids for chronic non‐cancer pain.MethodsThrough a five‐year prospective cohort study (n = 1514) we examined associations between pregabalin use and pain severity and interference, mental health, opioid dose and past month use of ambulance and emergency department services. We used fixed‐effects regression models to examine within‐participant differences, and random‐effects regression models to examine within‐ and between‐participant differences in clinical outcomes.ResultsIn an analysis of cases with complete data over five‐years (n = 896), the prevalence of pregabalin use ranged from 16% at cohort entry to 29% at 36‐ and 48‐months, and 46% reported pregabalin use at any time during the five years. Pregabalin use was associated with greater pain severity and interference and greater use of high‐risk opioid doses (>90 oral morphine equivalents/day). Pregabalin use was not associated with changes in mental health symptoms, ambulance or emergency department attendance in the fixed or random effects models.ConclusionsPregabalin use was common, but for most people use was not associated with clinically meaningful improvements in pain or functioning.
Implicit theories of self‐regulated learning: Interplay with students’ achievement goals, learning strategies, and metacognition
Authors: Hertel Silke , Karlen Yves 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundImplicit theories are important belief systems that influence an individual’s motivation and behaviour. In academic contexts, domain‐general implicit theories of ability (e.g., intelligence) and their relation to self‐regulated learning (SRL) have been examined.AimsIn this study, we followed a domain‐specific approach and first introduced scales to assess students’ implicit theories of the malleability and of the relevance of SRL. Second, we investigated how implicit theories of SRL are related to students’ SRL. Third, we examined the relationship of implicit theories of SRL with students’ demographics and personality traits.SampleParticipants were students from a medium‐sized university in Germany (N = 254) aged M = 23.85 years.MethodsData on students’ demographics and personality traits, implicit theories of intelligence (INT), achievement goals, and learning strategies were collected with well‐established measures. In addition, students’ implicit theories of SRL and their declarative metacognitive knowledge about SRL were assessed with measures developed within this study. Confirmatory factor analyses and regression analyses were performed.ResultsThe two postulated dimensions of implicit theories of SRL were supported. As expected, implicit theories of SRL were more strongly related to students’ achievement goals, learning strategies, and metacognitive knowledge than implicit theories of INT. Moreover, implicit theories of SRL were mostly unrelated to students’ demographics and personality traits.ConclusionThe results emphasize that domain‐specific implicit theories of SRL contribute substantially to the explanation of students’ SRL. Thus, further research on SRL should consider domain‐specific implicit theories of SRL in addition to implicit theories of INT.
Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 destabilizes receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Khaledian Behnoush , Taguchi Ayumu , Shin‐ya Kazuo , Kondo‐Ida Lisa , Kagaya Noritaka , Suzuki Motoshi , Kajino Taisuke , Yamaguchi Tomoya , Shimada Yukako , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe have previously identified receptor tyrosine kinase‐like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) as a direct transcriptional target of TTF‐1/NKX2‐1, a lineage‐survival oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma. ROR1 sustains prosurvival signaling from multiple receptor tyrosine kinases including epidermal growth factor receptor, MET, and insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor in part by maintaining the caveolae structure as a scaffold protein of cavin‐1 and caveolin‐1. In this study, a high throughput screening of the natural product library containing 2560 compounds was undertaken using a cell‐based FluoPPI assay detecting ROR1‐cavin‐1 interaction. As a result, geldanamycin (GA), a known inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), was identified as a potential inhibitor of ROR1. Geldanamycin, as well as two GA derivatives tested in the clinic, 17‐allylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐AAG) and 17‐dimethylaminoethylamino‐17‐demethoxygeldanamycin (17‐DMAG), decreased ROR1 protein expression. We found that ROR1 physically interacted with HSP90α, but not with other HSP90 paralogs, HSP90β or GRP94. Geldanamycin in turn destabilized and degraded ROR1 protein in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner through the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, resulting in a significant suppression of cell proliferation in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, for which the kinase domain of ROR1, but not its kinase activity or N‐glycosylation, was required. Our findings indicate that HSP90 is required to sustain expression of ROR1 crucial for lung adenosarcoma survival, suggesting that inhibition of HSP90 could be a promising therapeutic strategy in ROR1‐positive lung adenocarcinoma.
Socioeconomic status and oral health‐related quality of life: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Knorst Jessica K. , Sfreddo Camila S. , de F. Meira Gabriela , Zanatta Fabrício B. , Vettore Mario V. , Ardenghi Thiago M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo systematically review observational studies assessing the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children, adolescents and adults.MethodsElectronic searches were performed in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS and Scopus databases for articles published up to September 2020. Two independent reviewers performed the search and critical appraisal of the studies. The inclusion criteria were observational studies that evaluated the effect of SES on the OHRQoL in all age groups using validated methods. Quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Data were extracted for meta‐analysis followed by a meta‐regression analysis. A random‐effects model was used to estimate the pooled calculate prevalence ratio (PR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each study.ResultsThe search strategy retrieved 6114 publications. Some 139 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. Of those, 75 were included in the general meta‐analysis they represented a total sample of 109 269 individuals. People of lower SES had worse OHRQoL (PR 1.30; 95% CI 1.26‐1.35). In the meta‐analyses of different subgroups, an association was found between low SES and worse OHRQoL in countries of all economic classifications, in all age groups and irrespective of the socioeconomic indicator used. A socioeconomic gradient in OHRQoL was also observed, in which the lower the individuals' socioeconomic position, the poorer their OHRQoL.ConclusionsIndividuals of low SES had poorer OHRQoL, regardless of the country's economic classification, SES indicator and age group. Public policies aiming to reduce social inequalities are necessary for better OHRQoL throughout life.
A rare disease and education: Neurofibromatosis type 1 decreases educational attainment
Authors: Johansson Edvard , Kallionpää Roope A. , Böckerman Petri , Peltonen Juha , Peltonen Sirkku 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRare heritable syndromes may affect educational attainment. Here, we study education in neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) that is associated with multifaceted medical, social and cognitive consequences. Educational attainment in the Finnish population‐based cohort of 1408 individuals with verified NF1 was compared with matched controls using Cox proportional hazards model with delayed entry and competing risk for death. Moreover, models accounting for the effects of cancer at age 15–30 years, parental NF1 and developmental disorders were constructed. Overall, the attainment of secondary education was reduced in individuals with NF1 compared to controls (hazard ratio 0.83, 95%CI 0.74–0.92). History of cancer and developmental disorders were major predictors of lack of secondary education. Individuals with NF1 obtained vocational secondary education more often than general upper secondary education. Consequently, NF1 decreased the attainment of Bachelor's and Master's degrees by 46%–49% and 64%–74%, respectively. Surprisingly, the non‐NF1 siblings of individuals with NF1 also had lower educational attainment than controls, irrespective of parental NF1. In conclusion, NF1 is associated with reduced educational attainment and tendency for affected individuals to obtain vocational instead of academic education. Individuals living with NF1, especially those with cancer, developmental disorders or familial NF1, need effective student counseling and learning assistance.
Colorimetric sensing of acidic vapour through protonation of a Meisenheimer complex
Authors: Das Tanmay , Mohar Mrittika 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the current work, we investigate the mechanism of protonation of a Meisenheimer complex derived from picric acid and N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to provide the correct structure of the protonated Meisenheimer complex with the proper mechanism. A substituted picramide derivative has also been synthesised and characterised using various spectroscopic techniques to rule out the previously suggested protonated Meisenheimer complexes and support our proposed protonated structure. Various other investigations, including the interactions of the Meisenheimer complex with bulky electrophile Lawesson's reagent and bulky Lewis acid Eu(fod)3, were also carried out to support the mechanism of protonation. Various bulky bases as well as bases of different strengths were treated with the protonated Meisenheimer complex to support our proposed structure. Based on the protonation of the Meisenheimer complex, a general colorimetric volatile acid sensor has been designed, where a distinct colour change from orange to colourless was found to take place after protonation. The sensor can detect volatile acids both in the solid and in the solution state. The sensor was also applied to detect hydrogen chloride vapour in an automated manner using a smartphone, where information regarding the leakage position can be obtained through wireless communication. The detection limit of hydrogen chloride vapour was found to be 43.5 ppm.
Comparison of two strategies based on mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in secondary prevention of non‐melanoma skin cancer after kidney transplantation, a pilot study
Authors: Préterre Julie , Visentin Jonathan , Saint Cricq Morgane , Kaminski Hannah , Del Bello Arnaud , Prezelin‐Reydit Mathilde , Merville Pierre , Kamar Nassim , Couzi Lionel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAfter kidney transplantation, withdrawal of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) and conversion to sirolimus (SRL) may reduce the occurrence of new non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Conversely, a reduced CNI exposure with everolimus (EVR) is an alternative strategy that has not been thoroughly evaluated. We retrospectively compared the occurrence of newly diagnosed NMSCs in two cohorts of kidney transplant recipients (KTR) with at least one NMSC: 35 patients were converted to EVR with reduced CNI exposure (CNI/EVR group), whereas 46 patients were converted to SRL in association with mycophenolic acid (MPA) (SRL/MPA group). Two years after conversion, survival free of new NMSC was similar between the two cohorts (p = .37), with 19 KTR (54.3%) in the CNI/EVR group and 22 (47.8%) in the SRL/MPA group being diagnosed of at least one new NMSC. Half of the KTR from both groups showed adverse events, leading to mTORi discontinuation for 37.1% of KTR in the CNI/EVR group and 21.7% in the SRL/MPA group (p = .09). The incidence of rejections was similar between the two groups. In a retrospective cohort of KTR with at least one post‐transplant NMSC, the outcome of the patients converted to a CNI/EVR regimen was not different from those converted to a SRL/MPA regimen.
The COVID‐19 pandemic and dental residency training in Nigeria
Authors: Isiekwe Ikenna Gerald , Umeizudike Kehinde Adesola , Daramola Opeyemi O. , Akeredolu Mosopefoluwa O. , Leo‐Olagbaye Afesobi Afunbiokin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had wide‐ranging effects on dental practice across the world. In particular, if has also affected the training of dental residents, who are specialists in training. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, perception and attitude of dental residents in Nigeria to the pandemic and its perceived impact on the dental residency training programme across the country.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of dental residents in teaching hospitals across Nigeria. Self‐administered questionnaires were distributed to consenting participants through an online data collection platform (Google forms), between April and June 2020. Data were collected on sociodemographics, knowledge and awareness of coronavirus as well as impact of the pandemic. Data analysis was carried out with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Level of significance was set at p‐value < .05.ResultsA total of 104 dental residents participated in the study from ten residency training institutions in the country with a mean age of 35.65 ± 4.8 years. Almost all 98 (94.2%) of the residents showed a good knowledge of COVID 19. About two‐thirds, 72 (69.2%) of the participants were mostly worried about COVID‐19 affecting their residency training program 72 (69.2%), with their greatest source of worry being the risk of contracting the virus in the dental clinic.ConclusionThe dental residents had a very good knowledge of the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of COVID‐19 and majority of them felt that it would affect their training residency programme.
Infeasibility as a normative argument‐stopper: The case of open borders
Authors: Southwood Nicholas , Goodin Robert E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe open borders view is frequently dismissed for making infeasible demands. This is a potent strategy. Unlike normative arguments regarding open borders, which tend to be relatively intractable, the charge of infeasibility is supposed to operate as what we call a “normative argument‐stopper.” Nonetheless, we argue that the strategy fails. Bringing about open borders is perfectly feasible on the most plausible account of feasibility. We consider and reject what we take to be the only three credible ways to save the charge of infeasibility: by proposing an alternative account of feasibility; by proposing an alternative, more circumscribed interpretation of the subject‐matter of feasibility claims; and by proposing a more expansive account of the addressees of the demand for open borders. The first fails to vindicate the claim that infeasibility is a normative argument‐stopper. The second does not provide an argument against open borders at all. The third underestimates the power of at least some non‐state actors. We conclude by drawing some lessons for the open borders view and the use of feasibility in politics more generally.
Signs of spatial neglect in unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy
Authors: Saj Arnaud , Bachelard‐Serra Mathilde , Lavieille Jean‐Pierre , Honoré Jacques , Borel Liliane 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeIn this study, the question of whether egocentric representation of space is impaired in chronic unilateral vestibulopathies was examined. The objective was to test current theories attributing a predominant role to vestibular afferents in spatial cognition and to assess whether representational neglect signs are common in peripheral vestibular loss.MethodsThe subjective straight‐ahead (SSA) direction was investigated using a horizontal rod allowing the translation and rotation components of the body midline representation to be dissociated in 21 patients with unilateral vestibular loss (right, 13; left, eight) and in 12 healthy controls.ResultsCompared to the controls, the patients with unilateral vestibulopathy showed a translation bias of their SSA, without rotation bias. The translation bias was not lateralized towards the lesioned side as typically found for biases reported after unilateral vestibular loss. Rather, the SSA bias was rightward whatever the side of the vestibular loss. The translation bias correlated with the vestibular loss, as measured by caloric response and vestibulo‐ocular reflex gain, but not with the subjective visual vertical or the residual spontaneous nystagmus.ConclusionThe present data suggest that the dysfunctions of neural networks involved in egocentred and allocentred representations of space are differentially compensated for in unilateral vestibular defective patients. In particular, they suggest that asymmetrical vestibular inputs to cortical regions lead to representational spatial disturbances as does defective cortical processing of vestibular inputs in spatial neglect after right hemisphere stroke. They also highlight the predominant role of symmetrical and unaltered vestibular inputs in spatial cognition.