bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical current density defined at low electric field criterion and energy margin of superconducting MgB2 wires in wide temperature and magnetic field range
Authors: Kodama Motomune , Kotaki Hiroshi , Suzuki Takaaki , Tanaka Hideki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
High-temperature superconductors (HTS) and MgB2 may potentially improve the usability of superconducting magnets dramatically owing to their large energy margin. When HTS and MgB2 wires are used for magnets operated in the persistent current mode, such as in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners, the electric field generated in the wires must be lower than 10−10 V m−1. In this paper, critical current density, J
c, defined at an electric field criterion of 10−10 V m−1 is evaluated from a magnetisation decay measurement for state-of-the-art monofilamentary MgB2 wires. By using the obtained J
c, a critical line of our multifilamentary MgB2 wire is shown on the temperature-magnetic field plane. Here, the critical line is defined as a line on which an electric field of 10−10 V m−1 is generated at a coil current density of 150 A mm−2. The area inside the critical line is demonstrated to be large enough to fulfil the requirement of 1.5 T MRI scanners operated at 10K–15K. In addition, the iso energy-margin lines are shown on the temperature-magnetic field plane and compared with those of NbTi wires. The MgB2 wire has an order of magnitude greater energy margin than the NbTi wires in most of the area inside the critical line. This suggests that the MgB2 wire is highly unlikely to be quenched due to mechanical disturbances.
Internal energy change in Darcy-Forchheimer Carreau fluid model past a vertical stretching sheet with magnetic dipole and variable thermo-physical properties
Authors: Salahuddin T , Khan Mair , Alharbi Sayer Obaid , Chu Yu-Ming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this research work, we consider a thermal energy system with a different controlling effects which impact the entire system. These controlling effects include the variable thermo-physical properties of Carreau fluid flow causing change in internal energy (viscous dissipation) of the permeable thermal conversion problem. The disturbance in fluid’s motion is created by applying magnetic dipole. After converting the thermal system from partial differential into ordinary differential, the developed system is solved by using midpoint method in combination with bisection. The thermal energy extrusion system consists of velocity and temperature fields. The related controlling parameters include variable thermal conductivity parameter, Darcy-Forchheimer parameter, Eckert number, mixed convection parameter, variable viscosity parameter, ferrohydrodynamic interaction variable, Weissenberg number, curie temperature and Prandtl number. The sketched results provides good thermal effects on entire system for small and large values of these parameters. Carreau fluid model is performed to analyse the properties of shear thinning and thickening. It is noticed that velocity distribution reduces for large values of Williamson parameter, ferrohydrodynamic interaction variable, porosity parameter and variable viscosity parameter but opposite behavior is achieved for large values of Darcy-Forchheimer parameter. The temperature profile shows great impact by emerging parameters appearing on it. The small parameter and Eckert number shows enhancement in temperature distribution, but large reduction is noticed in temperature distribution for greater values of Prandtl number and curie parameter. Comparison of current thermal system is calculated for limited values of these parameters.
Entropy generation and Dufour and Soret effects in radiative flow by a rotating cone
Authors: A Khan Sohail , Hayat T , Alsaedi A , Momani S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Here thermo-diffusion and diffusion-thermo behaviors in mixed convection radiative flow by a rotating cone is examined. Viscous dissipation and radiation in energy equation are present. Dufour and Soret effects are discussed. Entropy optimization is considered. Nonlinear PDEs are reduced to ODEs through appropriate variables. Nonlinear expressions are solved by ND-solve technique. Characteristics of different involved variables of concentration, entropy optimization, Bejan number, temperature and velocity are deliberated. Computational results of gradient of velocity, Nusselt number and mass transfer rate are scrutinized via tables. Comparative study of current and previous published results in literature is also made. A good agreement is noticed. Tangential and azimuthal velocity components are decreased for higher slip parameter. Azimuthal and tangential velocities have reverse effects against mixed convection parameters. Temperature has contrasting effect for larger radiation parameter and Prandtl number. Entropy optimization have similar behavior versus radiation parameter.
Local electronic structure of stable monolayers of α-MoO3−

x
grown on graphite substrate
Authors: Kowalczyk Dorota A , Rogala Maciej , Szałowski Karol , Kozłowski Witold , Lutsyk Iaroslav , Piskorski Michał , Krukowski Paweł , Dąbrowski Paweł , Belić Domagoj , Cichomski Michał , Klusek Zbigniew , Kowalczyk Paweł J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report on van der Waals epitaxy of two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum trioxide (MoO3−x
) with monolayer thickness directly grown on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite by thermal evaporation under ultrahigh vacuum. The chemical composition, electronic and crystalline lattice structures of the mono-and few-layer MoO3−x
sheets are analysed. Using scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy, we investigate the electronic properties of MoO3−x
as a function of the number of layers and measure the apparent energy gap to be 0.4 eV for the first three layers of MoO3−x
on graphite. We carried out density functional theory calculations to shed light on the mechanism underlying the observed narrow bandgap with oxygen deficiency. Moreover, the air exposure effect on monolayer MoO3−x
is investigated confirming that the apparent bandgap closes, and additionally we show the reduction of the work function from 5.7 to 4.7 eV. We prove that it is possible to synthesize the 2D, non-stoichiometric, and electrically conductive MoO3−x
.
Effect of short carbon fiber/SiC on tribological properties of aluminium matrix hybrid composites
Authors: Joshi Tanmay Vivek , Mohanty Akash 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This research study was carried out to combine the beneficial properties of Silicon Carbide (SiC) and carbon fiber (CF) as reinforcements in the aluminum matrix to develop the composites for automotive and aerospace applications. Powder metallurgy was used to fabricate five samples with different compositions. Optical microscopy was used to visualize the microstructure and the phases of the composite. Linear wear, coefficient of friction, density, and Vickers hardness of the samples were determined and were compared. The sample with 6 wt.% CF and 10 wt.% SiC was found to have the optimal properties for the application. The linear wear was 52.32% less and the hardness was 14.58% more than the base.
Drivers of alloparental provisioning of fledglings in a colonially breeding bird
Authors: Ogino Mina , Maldonado-Chaparro Adriana A , Farine Damien R 
Published: November 2020

AbstractReproduction is costly. Despite this, evidence suggests that parents sometimes feed unrelated offspring. Several hypotheses could explain this puzzling phenomenon. Adults could feed unrelated offspring that are 1) of their close social associates to facilitate these juveniles’ integration into their social network (the social inheritance hypothesis), 2) potential extrapair offspring, 3) at a similar developmental stage as their own, 4) coercing feeding by begging, or 5) less-developed (to enhance their survival, which could benefit the adult or its offspring; the group augmentation hypothesis). Colonial breeders are ideal for investigating the relative importance of these hypotheses because offspring are often kept in crèches where adults can exhibit allofeeding. Using automated monitoring of replicated captive zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) colonies, we found that while parents selectively fed their own offspring, they also consistently fed unrelated offspring (32.48% of feeding events). Social relationships among adults prior to breeding did not predict allofeeding, nor was allofeeding directed toward potential genetic offspring. Instead, adults with more-developed offspring preferentially fed less-developed non-offspring over non-offspring at a similar developmental stage as their own offspring, and this tendency was not explained by differences in begging behavior. Our study suggests that allofeeding is consistent with group augmentation, potentially benefiting adults through colony maintenance or increased offspring survival.
Moving Toward versus Away from Another: How Body Motion Direction Changes the Representation of Bodies and Actions in the Visual Cortex
Authors: Bellot Emmanuelle , Abassi Etienne , Papeo Liuba 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Representing multiple agents and their mutual relations is a prerequisite to understand social events such as interactions. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging on human adults, we show that visual areas dedicated to body form and body motion perception contribute to processing social events, by holding the representation of multiple moving bodies and encoding the spatial relations between them. In particular, seeing animations of human bodies facing and moving toward (vs. away from) each other increased neural activity in the body-selective cortex [extrastriate body area (EBA)] and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) for biological motion perception. In those areas, representation of body postures and movements, as well as of the overall scene, was more accurate for facing body (vs. nonfacing body) stimuli. Effective connectivity analysis with dynamic causal modeling revealed increased coupling between EBA and pSTS during perception of facing body stimuli. The perceptual enhancement of multiple-body scenes featuring cues of interaction (i.e., face-to-face positioning, spatial proximity, and approaching signals) was supported by the participants’ better performance in a recognition task with facing body versus nonfacing body stimuli. Thus, visuospatial cues of interaction in multiple-person scenarios affect the perceptual representation of body and body motion and, by promoting functional integration, streamline the process from body perception to action representation.
Isolation and Purification of Five Phloroglucinol Derivatives From Agrimonia Pilosa Ledeb by Counter-Current Chromatography Using Non-Aqueous Solvent Systems
Authors: Fu Lulu , Lu Chenghua , Tong Shengqiang , Xu Min , Tang Lan , Shan Weiguang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Five non-polar phloroglucinol derivatives, viz. pseudo-aspidin, α-kosin and agripinol A-C were isolated and purified from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb by semi-preparative counter-current chromatography. The separation was performed by a two-step elution with non-aqueous solvent systems. In the first step, an elution mode of a two-phase solvent system consisting of n-hexane-acetonitrile-dichloromethane-methanol (6:6:0.5:0.5, v/v/v/v) was used. We obtained sample Ι containing three components (47.0 mg) and sample ΙΙ containing two components (24.8 mg) from crude extract (371.0 mg). In the second step, sample Ι was successfully separated by closed-loop recycling mode with a solvent system consisting of n-hexane-acetonitrile-dichloromethane (10:7:3, v/v/v), yielding 17.8 mg of pseudo-aspidin, 18.5 mg of α-kosin and 6.4 mg of agripinol A. The other two compounds—8.7 mg of agripinol B and 13.6 mg of agripinol C—were obtained from sample ΙΙ in the same manner. All the isolated compounds had a high purity exceeding 95%.
Using social media to recruit study participants for a randomized trial for hypertension
Authors: Feyz Lida , Wang Yale , Pathak Atul , Saxena Manish , Mahfoud Felix , Sanghvi Kintur , Peterson Rose , Kirtane Ajay J , Azizi Michel , Iyer Mano , Daemen Joost 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of social media as an approach to recruit hypertensive subjects.

Methods and results
In addition to conventional trial recruitment, Facebook ads were run. Over a 115-day recruitment period, Facebook reached 5.3 million people in 168 separate campaigns run in the proximity of 19 sites in the USA and 14 sites in Europe. A total of 182 839 participants (3.4%) clicked on the ad; of those 10 483 subjects (5.7%) completed a dedicated questionnaire. This resulted in 3632 potential candidates. A total of 285 potential candidates were recruited by various recruitment strategies in the specified time period, of which 184/285 (64.6%) came from Facebook. When comparing Facebook with a 7-day radio spot in the same time period, 48 radio spots were launched; resulting in nine inquiries with eventually five potential candidates and two consents.

Conclusion
Targeted social media was a successful and efficient strategy to recruit hypertensive subjects.
The dynamic effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on the instantaneous wave-free ratio in the collateral donor artery of a patient with chronic total occlusion
Authors: Rey Florian , Degrauwe Sophie , Noble Stéphane , Iglesias Juan F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Physiological assessment is challenging in patients with multivessel disease (MVD) with a chronic total occlusion (CTO) and may result in inappropriate treatment decisions. We report herein, for the first time to our knowledge, on the dynamic changes of the instantaneous wave-free ratio in the CTO collateral donor artery before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Our case highlights the paramount importance of collateral circulation when interpreting invasive indices of coronary stenosis severity to guide decision-making for CABG in MVD patients with a CTO. This may be particularly relevant to reduce the risk of early graft failure in patients with MVD undergoing CABG.
Rationale, design and initial results of an educational intervention to improve provider-initiated HIV testing in primary care
Authors: Bogers Saskia J , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F , van Dijk Nynke , Groen Karlijn , Groot Bruinderink Marije L , de Bree Godelieve J , Reiss Peter , Geerlings Suzanne E , van Bergen Jan E A M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
In the Netherlands, general practitioners (GPs) perform two-thirds of sexually transmitted infection (STI) consultations and diagnose one-third of HIV infections. GPs are, therefore, a key group to target to improve provider-initiated HIV testing. We describe the design and implementation of an educational intervention to improve HIV testing by Amsterdam GPs and explore trends in GPs’ testing behaviour.

Methods
Interactive sessions on HIV and STI using graphical audit and feedback started in 2015. Participating GPs developed improvement plans that were evaluated in follow-up sessions. Laboratory data on STI testing by Amsterdam GPs from 2011 to 2017 were collected for graphical audit and feedback and effect evaluation. The primary outcome was the HIV testing rate: number of HIV tests per 10 000 person-years (PY). Secondary endpoints were chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing rates and HIV positivity ratios.

Results
Since 2015, 41% of GPs participated. HIV testing rate declined from 2011 to 2014 (from 175 to 116 per 10 000 PY), more in women than men (176 to 101 versus 173 to 132), and stabilized from 2015 to 2017. The HIV positivity ratio declined from 0.8% in 2011 to 0.5% in 2017. From 2011 to 2017, chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing rates declined in women (from 618 to 477 per 10 000 PY) but remained stable in men (from 270 to 278).

Conclusions
The stabilization of the downward trend in HIV testing coincided with this educational intervention. Follow-up data are needed to formally assess the intervention’s impact on GP testing behaviour whilst considering contextual factors and secular trends.
Utilization of low-molecular-weight organic compounds by the filterable fraction of a lotic microbiome
Authors: Ghuneim Lydia-Ann J , Distaso Marco A , Chernikova Tatyana N , Bargiela Rafael , Lunev Evgenii A , Korzhenkov Aleksei A , Toshchakov Stepan V , Rojo David , Barbas Coral , Ferrer Manuel , Golyshina Olga V , Golyshin Peter N , Jones David L 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTFilterable microorganisms participate in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) cycling in freshwater systems, however their exact functional role remains unknown. We determined the taxonomic identity and community dynamics of prokaryotic microbiomes in the 0.22 µm-filtered fraction and unfiltered freshwater from the Conwy River (North Wales, UK) in microcosms and, using targeted metabolomics and 14C-labelling, examined their role in the utilization of amino acids, organic acids and sugars spiked at environmentally-relevant (nanomolar) concentrations. To identify changes in community structure, we used 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun sequencing. Unlike the unfiltered water samples where the consumption of DOC was rapid, the filtered fraction showed a 3-day lag phase before the consumption started. Analysis of functional categories of clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (COGs) showed that COGs associated with energy production increased in number in both fractions with substrate addition. The filtered fraction utilized low-molecular-weight (LMW) DOC at much slower rates than the whole community. Addition of nanomolar concentrations of LMW DOC did not measurably influence the composition of the microbial community nor the rate of consumption across all substrate types in either fraction. We conclude that due to their low activity, filterable microorganisms play a minor role in LMW DOC processing within a short residence time of lotic freshwater systems.
Dilemmas of nudging in public health: an ethical analysis of a Danish pamphlet
Authors: Busch Jacob , Madsen Emilie Kirstine , Fage-Butler Antoinette Mary , Kjær Marianne , Ledderer Loni 
Published: November 2020

SummaryNudging has been discussed in the context of public health, and ethical issues raised by nudging in public health contexts have been highlighted. In this article, we first identify types of nudging approaches and techniques that have been used in screening programmes, and ethical issues that have been associated with nudging: paternalism, limited autonomy and manipulation. We then identify nudging techniques used in a pamphlet developed for the Danish National Screening Program for Colorectal Cancer. These include framing, default nudge, use of hassle bias, authority nudge and priming. The pamphlet and the very offering of a screening programme can in themselves be considered nudges. Whether nudging strategies are ethically problematic depend on whether they are categorized as educative- or non-educative nudges. Educative nudges seek to affect people’s choice making by engaging their reflective capabilities. Non-educative nudges work by circumventing people’s reflective capabilities. Information materials are, on the face of it, meant to engage citizens’ reflective capacities. Recipients are likely to receive information materials with this expectation, and thus not expect to be affected in other ways. Non-educative nudges may therefore be particularly problematic in the context of information on screening, also as participating in screening does not always benefit the individual.
Chronic kidney disease stage stratifies short- and long-term outcomes after aortic root replacement
Authors: Yamabe Tsuyoshi , Zhao Yanling , Kurlansky Paul A , Nitta Suzuka , Kelebeyev Saveliy , Bethancourt Casidhe-Nicole R , George Isaac , Smith Craig R , Takayama Hiroo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, and it negatively impacts procedural outcomes; however, its influence on the outcomes of aortic surgery has not been well studied. This study aims to elucidate the importance of CKD on the outcomes of aortic root replacement (ARR).

METHODS
Patients who underwent ARR between 2005 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed (n = 882). Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria: Group 1 [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 421); Group 2 (eGFR = 30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 424); and Group 3 (eGFR &lt; 30 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 37). To reduce potential confounding, a propensity score matching was also performed between Group 1 and the combined group of Group 2 and Group 3. The primary end point was 10-year survival. Secondary end points were in-hospital mortality and perioperative morbidity.

RESULTS
Severe CKD patients presented with more advanced overall chronic and acute illnesses. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant correlation between CKD stage and 10-year survival (log-rank P &lt; 0.001). The number of events for Group 1 was 15, Group 2 was 49 and Group 3 was 11 in 10 years. Group 3 had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (13.5% vs 3.5% in Group 2 vs 0.7% in Group 1, P &lt; 0.001) and stroke (8.1% vs 7.1% vs 1.2%, P &lt; 0.001) as well as introduction to new dialysis (27.0% vs 5.4% vs 1.7%, P &lt; 0.001). eGFR was shown to be an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.96–0.99). Comparison between propensity matched groups showed similar postoperative outcomes, and eGFR was still identified as a predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.95–0.99).

CONCLUSIONS
Higher stage in CKD negatively impacts the long-term survival in patients who are undergoing ARR.
Backward Shift and Nearly Invariant Subspaces of Fock-type Spaces
Authors: Aleman Alexandru , Baranov Anton , Belov Yurii , Hedenmalm Haakan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study the structure of the backward shift invariant and nearly invariant subspaces in weighted Fock-type spaces ${\mathcal{F}}_W^p$, whose weight is not necessarily radial. We show that in the spaces ${\mathcal{F}}_W^p$, which contain the polynomials as a dense subspace (in particular, in the radial case), all nontrivial backward shift invariant subspaces are of the form $\mathcal{P}_n$, that is, finite-dimensional subspaces consisting of polynomials of degree at most $n$. In general, the structure of the nearly invariant subspaces is more complicated. In the case of spaces of slow growth (up to zero exponential type), we establish an analogue of de Branges’ ordering theorem. We then construct examples that show that the result fails for general Fock-type spaces of larger growth.