bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Reuse of Distressed Malls for Dementia-Friendly City Centers: Outcomes From Community Focus Groups
Authors: Roberts Emily 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is estimated that 5.4 million Americans have some form of dementia and these numbers are expected to rise in the coming decades, leading to an unprecedented demand for memory care housing and services. In searching for innovative options to create more autonomy and better quality of life in dementia care settings, repurposing existing structures, in particular vacant urban malls, may be one option for the large sites needed for the European model of dementia villages. These settings may become sustainable Dementia Friendly City Centers (DFCC), because in the case of enclosed mall construction, the internal infrastructure is in place for lighting, HVAC, with varied spatial configuration of public spaces. This presentation describes the community engagement research being conducted by a research team at a Midwestern university, laying groundwork for the DFCC model for centralized dementia programs, services and attached housing. Focus group outcomes from four disciplines (caregiver, physician, designer, community development) detailed four principle themes including : community revitalization, building sustainability, urban regreening and the nurturing of innovation to further a culture of dementia care which is inclusive, progressive and convergent with the needs of an aging. The DFCC model can be seen as one opportunity to make life better not only for those with needs associated with dementia now, but also for ourselves in the future, therefore educating and updating future stakeholders about the value of this model of care will be critical in transforming current hurdles into future opportunities.
Need for Cognition Partially Mediates the Relationship Between Cognition and Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Yazdani Neshat , Siedlecki Karen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aspects of cognitive functioning have been linked to measures of subjective well-being both cross-sectionally (Jones et al., 2003) and over time (Enkvist et al., 2013) but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. One potential mechanism may be individuals’ need for cognition, or the dispositional tendency to enjoy and engage in effortful cognitive activities (Cacioppo & Petty, 1982). Analyses were conducted to examine need for cognition as a mediator of the relationship between five domains of cognition (episodic memory, processing speed, reasoning, spatial visualization, and vocabulary) and four dimensions of subjective well-being (life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, and depressive symptomatology) cross-sectionally in a large sample of healthy adults between the ages of 18-99. Results indicate that need for cognition partially mediates the relationship between all five domains of cognition and life satisfaction, negative affect, and depressive symptomatology, but does not mediate the relationship between cognition and positive affect.
Impact of Age Views on Cognition: Experimental, Longitudinal, and Ecological Momentary Findings
Authors: Wahl Hans-Werner , Levy Becca , Meisner Brad , Gröppel-Klein Andrea , Robertson Deidre , Sabatini Serena , Lücke Anna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Research on the impact of age views on cognition has seen a strong momentum in recent years, fitting the stereotype embodiment theory prediction that the stereotypes taken in from a culture can impact older persons‘ cognition. These studies utilize experimental, longitudinal, and ecological momentary assessments (EMA), as well as a wide reach of cognitive outcomes. This symposium starts with two experimental studies. One demonstrates that negative age stereotypes reduce cognitive processing in older consumers (Gröppel-Klein et al.). A second study strives to better understand the pathway by which age stereotypes influence cognitive outcomes by focusing on dysregulation of reward-seeking behaviors and the downregulation of the dopaminergic system (Robertson et al.). We next explore two longitudinal studies that reveal differential relations among views of aging and various cognitive indicators. The first study found that older persons with more positive age beliefs are less likely to develop dementia even in a high-risk gene subpopulation of older adults (Levy et al.). The second study examined the association between awareness of age-related changes and cognitive scores (Sabatini et al.) Finally, Lücke et al. examine in their EMA study with 6 measurement occasions per day across 7 days that such a fine-tuned seems not to clearly support a linkage among subjective age and working memory for which beginning but not consistent evidence has been reported previously. Brad Meisner will discuss contributions in the light of meta-analytic finding revealing that older persons‘ negative age stereotypes can impair whereas their positive age stereotypes can improve cognitive performance.
Activity Diversity in Detecting Ambulatory Cognitive Deficits
Authors: Hyun Jinshil , Lee Soomi , Katz Mindy , Scott Stacey , Sliwinski Martin , Lipton Richard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We examined whether participating in various daily activities (i.e., activity diversity) is associated with cognitive deficits measured by smartphone-based tests. Older adults (n=235; 70-91yrs) completed surveys 6 times/day for 14 days reporting on participation in 11 different activities (e.g., volunteering, physical activity), followed by brief ambulatory processing speed (PS) and working memory (WM) cognitive assessments. Activity diversity score was calculated using Shannon’s (1948) entropy method. Individuals’ average ambulatory PS and WM across all assessments were categorized into tertiles (i.e., high/mid/low performance). Results from multinomial logistic regression suggested that a 1SD increase in activity diversity was associated with increased odds of being in the high (better) vs. low performance tertile in PS (OR=2.1, 95%CI=[1.21, 3.51], p=.008). Activity diversity was not associated with WM. Given that cognitive deficits in PS occur earlier in the cognitive impairment process, activity diversity may be a sensitive marker for detecting very early stages of impairment.
Cognitive Functioning, Gender, and Marital Quality Among Older Married Couples: A Dyadic Approach
Authors: Gallagher Elizabeth , Stokes Jeffrey 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older spouses influence one another in myriad ways, and dyadic effects of marital quality on health and well-being have been well-established. However, little attention has been paid to dyadic implications of cognitive functioning, including for spouses’ perceptions of the relationship itself. This study examines associations of older husbands’ and wives’ cognitive functioning with both partners’ reports of four marital quality outcomes. Structural equation modeling analyzed data from 1,414 opposite-sex couples drawn from the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Findings revealed that (a) wives’ poorer cognitive functioning was associated with wives’ reporting greater closeness and higher ratings of enjoying time with a spouse, whereas (b) husbands’ poorer cognitive functioning was associated with wives’ reporting greater marital strain, lower marital support, lower closeness, and lower ratings of enjoying time with a spouse. This suggests that cognitive functioning/impairment has dyadic consequences for marital quality, which are highly gendered.
Grandparents Raising Grandchildren in Appalachia: An Examination of Available Services
Authors: Stucki Bradford 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Previous research indicates that higher numbers of grandparents raising grandchildren live in Appalachia, relative to the rest of the United States. These grandparents may have diverse needs that could benefit from services. When grandparents cannot access needed services, their well-being can be negatively affected. Using the “2017 GrandFacts: State Fact Sheets for Grandfamilies” for the 13 states defined as being part of Appalachia by the Appalachian Regional Commission, this study examined the types and availability of local services by Appalachian sub-region. Excluding state and federal public benefits, most common service types were emotional support, information and referral, financial assistance, and education. Least common service types included grandchild special health needs, legal services, and early childhood intervention. For service availability, four of the five Appalachian sub-regions had no services in over 65% of their counties. South and North Central Appalachia regions had no services in over 90% of their counties. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Grandparents as Caregivers Interest Group.
Two Dimensions of Social Exclusion: Economic Deprivation and Dynamics of Loneliness During Later Life in Europe
Authors: Myck Michal , Waldegrave Charles , Dahlberg Lena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We contribute to the discussion on social exclusion by examining the relationship between material conditions and loneliness in a sample of individuals aged 50+ in the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). In its 5th wave, the survey was extended to include specific items related to economic and social deprivation. We use this extended information on material conditions and examine how it correlates with the level and dynamics of a composite loneliness measure at the time of wave 5 and between wave 5 and 6 of the survey (undertaken in 2013 and 2015, respectively). In order to isolate the effect of material deprivation on loneliness, regression analyses include an extensive set of control variables. The analyses show a strong and significant relationship between material deprivation and both the level of loneliness and deterioration in the loneliness status.
The Positive Legacy of Vision Loss: Pathways to Posttraumatic Growth
Authors: Tanner Corinna , Caserta Michael , Guo Jia-Wen , Clayton Margaret , Bernstein Paul , Kleinschmidt Julia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This mixed method study describes posttraumatic growth (PTG) accruing form experience with vision loss caused by severe age related macular degeneration (AMD) and explores relationships between depression, social support, and cognitive processing, on the path to PTG. Research describing the psychological and social issues surrounding AMD has focused on negative outcomes. However, learning from highly challenging experiences, such as vision loss, can offer benefits. In this study, these included an increased sense of personal strength, increased spirituality, and empathy for others (all domains of PTG). 89 participants with severe vision loss (mean age = 85.3 years, age range = 74–98 years) completed the interviewer-administered composite questionnaire, which identified elements of Tedeschi and Calhoun’s model of PTG. Relationships between variables were examined using path analysis. Findings were contextualized with data from 15 qualitative interviews. Findings underscored the importance of supportive others and deliberate cognitive processing in the path to PTG.
Concurrent and Enduring Alignment of Married Partners’ Shared Beliefs and Markers of Aging
Authors: Mejia Shannon , Giasson Hannah , Smith Jacqui , Gonzalez Rich 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Beliefs about aging are grounded in social experience. This study considers the extent to which married older adults’ shared beliefs about aging and markers of aging maintain a concurrent and enduring association with their partners’ beliefs and markers of aging. Data from the 2010/2012 and 2014/2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study provided measures of husbands’ and wives’ (3,779 couples) positive and negative beliefs about aging and internal (Cystatin C) and external (grip strength) markers of aging. Latent dyadic models parsed beliefs and markers into partners’ individual and shared variance. Longitudinal analysis showed concurrent associations between shared beliefs and markers of aging to be stable over four years. Meanwhile, the enduring processes that connect beliefs and markers over time were best characterized as bidirectional. The study provides evidence that, within older couples, beliefs about aging are shaped in part through partners’ co-experience of each other’s biological aging.
Social Processes in Late-Life Suicide
Authors: Necka Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States, and social isolation – either real or perceived – is one of the primary risk factors for a suicidal attempt (Calati et al.,2019). Late adulthood is characterized by both rapid increases in both social isolation (Cornwell,2011) and loneliness (i.e., perceived social isolation; Hawkley, Wroblewski, Kaiser, Luhmann, & Schumm,2019), which enhance risk of mental disorders (Santini et al.,2020), as well as by suicide rates that are higher than in any other age group (SAMSHA,2017). What are the mechanisms by which social isolation confers risk (and social connection confers resilience) to suicidal thoughts and behaviors in aging, and what promising interventions exist for addressing social impediments in older adulthood? What barriers exist to providing services to socially isolated older adults contemplating suicide, and what are the public health implications of social isolation and suicide in late life? This symposium will feature talks on the role of social motivation and empathy in the development of (or resilience to) suicidal ideation in older adults, on interventions that draw upon the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide and utilize social engagement and digital ‘mHealth’ services to reduce late-life social isolation, depression, and suicidal ideation, and on National Institute of Mental Health funding priorities and efforts to address suicide. After attending this session, participants will be able to articulate mechanisms by which social isolation confers risk for suicide in older adulthood and to identify opportunities and obstacles for effective intervention implementation.
The Impact of Function Focused Care From Acute Care to Home Care and Nursing Homes
Authors: Metzelthin Silke , Zwakhalen Sandra , Resnick Barbara 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Functional decline in older adults often lead towards acute or long-term care. In practice, caregivers often focus on completion of care tasks and of prevention of injuries from falls. This task based, safety approach inadvertently results in fewer opportunities for older adults to be actively involved in activities. Further deconditioning and functional decline are common consequences of this inactivity. To prevent or postpone these consequences Function Focused Care (FFC) was developed meaning that caregivers adapt their level of assistance to the capabilities of older adults and stimulate them to do as much as possible by themselves. FFC was first implemented in institutionalized long-term care in the US, but has spread rapidly to other settings (e.g. acute care), target groups (e.g. people with dementia) and countries (e.g. the Netherlands). During this symposium, four presenters from the US and the Netherlands talk about the impact of FFC. The first presentation is about the results of a stepped wedge cluster trial showing a tendency to improve activities of daily living and mobility. The second presentation is about a FFC training program. FFC was feasible to implement in home care and professionals experienced positive changes in knowledge, attitude, skills and support. The next presenter reports about significant improvements regarding time spent in physical activity and a decrease in resistiveness to care in a cluster randomized controlled trial among nursing home residents with dementia. The fourth speaker presents the content and first results of a training program to implement FFC in nursing homes. Nursing Care of Older Adults Interest Group Sponsored Symposium
Keep Moving Toward Recovery! Function-Focused Care in Hospitalized Stroke and Geriatric Patients
Authors: Ginkel Janneke de Man-van , Verstraten Carolien , Schuurmans Marieke , Metzelthin Silke , Reitsma Johannes , Schoonhoven Lisette 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Many hospitalized patients experience decline in functional status. Function Focused Care (FFC) has demonstrated to improve patients’ functional status in long-term care. In a stepped wedge cluster trial in 893 hospitalized geriatric and stroke patients, we investigated the effectiveness of FFC compared to usual care (FFC: n=427, UC: n=466) on ADL and mobility. We measured the Barthel Index and the Elderly Mobility Scale, and analysed using a mixed-model multi-level method. At discharge, 3 month and 6 months, the mean difference (MD) was in favour of FFC, although at none of the time points the level of significance was reached: the MD for ADL was respectively: 0.79 (95%CI: -0.98-2.56), 0.43 (95%CI: 0.10-1.79), and 0.57 (95%CI: -1.34- 2.48). For mobility, the MD was respectively 0.89 (95%CI: -1.01-2.80), 0.78 (95%CI: -1.18; 2.75), and 1.09 (95%CI: -0.88-3.07). Although the results are inconclusive, FFC shows a tendency to improve ADL and mobility in hospitalized patients. Part of a symposium sponsored by Nursing Care of Older Adults Interest Group.
Understanding the Relation Between Sleep and Health in Adulthood: Daily Experiences to Long-Term Health Outcomes
Authors: Chai Hye Won , Almeida David , Lee Soomi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An increasing number of studies evinces the significant role of sleep in health outcomes including physical symptoms, cardiometabolic functioning, and chronic health conditions. To further advance the field’s knowledge on sleep and health in adulthood, it is necessary to have an integrative understanding of this topic that pulls together short-term determinants to long-term health consequences of sleep. As such, this symposium places diverse aspects of sleep across multiple contexts, ranging from predictors and consequences of sleep in daily life to the role of sleep in long-term changes in health across adulthood. The first paper by Lee and colleagues examines the role of daily positive and negative events as precursors of concurrent and next-day sleep duration. The second paper by Joo and colleagues addresses the moderating role of nightly sleep duration in the association between daily stressor severity and intensity of headaches. The third paper by Chai and colleagues explores how the association between daily emotional well-being and cardiometabolic syndrome differs by sleep deficiency and by age. The fourth paper by Sin and colleagues focuses on daily affective vulnerability to short sleep duration as a risk factor for developing chronic conditions 10 years later. The final paper by Reither and colleagues assesses within-person changes and between-person differences in restorative sleep and their associations with body mass trajectories across 15 years. The discussant, Dr. Soomi Lee, will integrate key points from the studies, discuss the utilization of diverse measurements of sleep, and address considerations for future research on sleep and health.
Diurnal Cortisol Profiles and Veteran Status
Authors: Piazza Jennifer , Landes Scott , Dmitrieva Natalia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although veterans typically have better health and lower mortality risk than nonveterans earlier in life, a crossover occurs in later life, resulting in comparatively poorer health and higher mortality risk in older age. Alterations in biomarkers of physical health could be an initial indicator of this crossover. The current study uses data from the second wave of the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) survey. Previously validated cortisol profiles (Dmitrieva et al. 2013) were used to categorize participants (N = 1101, age range: 33-88) into normative and non-normative groups, that were examined in relation to veteran status. Results revealed a significant age by veteran interaction (β = .0331, p = .038), indicating that older veterans were less likely to belong to the normative profile group than non-veterans and younger veterans. Results demonstrate the need to explore underlying physiological mechanisms linking military service with poorer health in later life. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Aging Veterans: Effects of Military Service across the Life Course Interest Group.
What Saves the Day?: Identifying Protective Factors That Buffer the Negative Effects of Daily Stressors
Authors: Hong Joanna , Huo Meng , Hoppmann Christiane 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older adults frequently experience daily stressors and are at increased risk of adverse health consequences. Emerging studies have focused on factors that may buffer older adults’ well-being and strengthen their resilience to stress. This symposium adds to this burgeoning literature and presents studies that identify a wide range of such stress-buffering factors, including individual characteristics and daily social and emotional experiences. Huo et al. considered older adults’ empathy and found that more empathic individuals tended to use constructive strategies but not destructive strategies when coping with interpersonal tensions. When daily tensions occurred, more empathic individuals were also better at maintaining their mood. Kim et al. showed that older adults’ marital status influenced their irritable encounters with grown children. Although irritable encounters were associated with increased daily negative mood, this link varied by parents’ marital status. Hong et al. assessed the link between daily stressors and negative affect among older adults with varying levels of loneliness. They found that positive interpersonal encounters were particularly protective for lonely older adults’ daily affect. Leger et al. further examined the buffering effects of trait level and same-day positive emotions during times of stress. Higher trait and same-day levels of positive emotions reduced negative emotions on the day following a stressor. Together, findings might inform future interventions aimed at increasing the daily experience of older adults. Dr. Hoppmann will serve as the Discussant and summarize the theoretical and methodological contributions of these studies. She will discuss challenges in this field and directions for future research.
All Is Good, but Not Really: Daily Reports of Satisfaction With Home- and Community-Based Services
Authors: Savla Jyoti , Roberto Karen , Knight Aubrey , Blieszner Rosemary , McCann Brandy Renee , Hoyt Emily 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An extensive body of literature documents correlates of and barriers to health service use, yet much less is known about satisfaction with home- and community-based services for persons with dementia (PwD). Daily diary data from 122 rural caregivers (CG) of PwD (814 daily diaries) were used to assess everyday service use experiences. At the last diary interview, CG identified areas where service use expectations were and were not being met. CGs reported problems with services used on fewer than 5% of study days (e.g., service provider was delayed because of car trouble). In contrast, 82% of CG identified areas where service expectations were not being met. Their most common concerns were lack of control over service availability and lack of adequate training among service providers. Recommendations for alternative ways for capturing service use satisfaction will be offered, and implications for theory and practice will be discussed.