bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes‐CoFe2O4 nanoparticles as a reusable novel peroxymonosulfate activator for degradation of Reactive Black 5
Authors: Ashrafi Sara , Mengelizadeh Nezamaddin , Dadban Shahamat Yousef , Zare Mohammad Reza , Jalil Mohammad , Berizi Zohreh , Shooshtarian Mohammad Reza , Parvizimehr Ali , Zolghadr Razieh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, CoFe2O4 nanoparticles supported on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), as novel peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator, were synthesized for degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5). The results showed that the maximum removal efficiencies of RB5 (100%), chemical oxygen demand (83.12%), and total organic carbon (65.5%) could happen at pH of 7, catalyst dosage of 100 mg/L, PMS dosage of 2 mM, RB5 concentration of 50 mg/L, and time of 30 min. The results of the temperature effect showed that the activation energy (Ea = 20.92 kJ/mol) for the synthesized catalyst is much lower compared to other studies. The PMS/MWCNTs‐CoFe2O4 system had higher decolorization efficiency and kinetic rates compared to other adsorption and oxidation systems. Quenching experiments proved that RB5 was degraded by sulfate and hydroxyl radicals. The MWCNTs‐CoFe2O4 catalyst showed suitable stability and reusability even after five consecutive catalytic reactions. The continuous treatment of RB5 in real water resources was performed using catalyst packed in a column reactor, and its results showed the high efficiency of the column in the catalytic treatment of the dye at long reaction time. Based on the proposed degradation pathway, the azo bands and the naphthalene structure of RB5 are oxidized to compounds with low molecular weight.Practitioner points

MWCNTs‐CoFe2O4 was used as a novel recyclable catalyst for the activation of peroxymonosulfate and dye degradation.

The rate of dye degradation and peroxymonosulfate activation by MWCNTs‐CoFe2O4 was much higher than that of the catalysts alone.

Radical , with contribution percentage of 73.20%, was the main agent for degradation of Reactive Black 5 dye.

MWCNTs‐CoFe2O4 in the dye degradation process showed excellent stability and reusability, lower activation energy, and easier separation.

The dye degradation products were identified by gas chromatography and UV‐vis spectrophotometric analyses, and their degradation pathway was suggested.
Expert consensus recommendations to improve diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis with polyneuropathy
Authors: Adams David , Ando Yukio , Beirão João Melo , Coelho Teresa , Gertz Morie A. , Gillmore Julian D. , Hawkins Philip N. , Lousada Isabelle , Suhr Ole B. , Merlini Giampaolo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAmyloid transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (PN) is a progressive, debilitating, systemic disease wherein transthyretin protein misfolds to form amyloid, which is deposited in the endoneurium. ATTR amyloidosis with PN is the most serious hereditary polyneuropathy of adult onset. It arises from a hereditary mutation in the TTR gene and may involve the heart as well as other organs. It is critical to identify and diagnose the disease earlier because treatments are available to help slow the progression of neuropathy. Early diagnosis is complicated, however, because presentation may vary and family history is not always known. Symptoms may be mistakenly attributed to other diseases such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy, lumbar spinal stenosis, and, more rarely, diabetic neuropathy and AL amyloidosis. In endemic countries (e.g., Portugal, Japan, Sweden, Brazil), ATTR amyloidosis with PN should be suspected in any patient who has length-dependent small-fiber PN with autonomic dysfunction and a family history of ATTR amyloidosis, unexplained weight loss, heart rhythm disorders, vitreous opacities, or renal abnormalities. In nonendemic countries, the disease may present as idiopathic rapidly progressive sensory motor axonal neuropathy or atypical CIDP with any of the above symptoms or with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, gait disorders, or cardiac hypertrophy. Diagnosis should include DNA testing, biopsy, and amyloid typing. Patients should be followed up every 6–12 months, depending on the severity of the disease and response to therapy. This review outlines detailed recommendations to improve the diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis with PN.
Developmental basis for flower sex determination and effects of cytokinin on sex determination in Plukenetia volubilis (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Luo Yan , Pan Bang-Zhen , Li Lu , Yang Chen-Xuan , Xu Zeng-Fu 
Published: January 2020

Key message

Cytokinin might be an important factor to regulate floral sex at the very early stage of flower development in sacha inchi.

Abstract
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis, Euphorbiaceae) is characterized by having female and male flowers in a thyrse with particular differences. The mechanisms involved in the development of unisexual flowers are very poorly understood. In this study, the inflorescence and flower development of P. volubilis were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. We also investigated the effects of cytokinin on flower sex determination by exogenous application of 6-benzyladenine (BA) in P. volubilis. The floral development of P. volubilis was divided into eight stages, and the first morphological divergence between the male and female flowers was found to occur at stage 3. Both female and male flowers can be structurally distinguished by differences in the shape and size of the flower apex after sepal primordia initiation. There are no traces of gynoecia in male flowers or of androecia in female flowers. Exogenous application of BA effectively induced gynoecium primordia initiation and female flower development, especially at the early flower developmental stages. We propose that flower sex is determined earlier and probably occurs before flower initiation, either prior to or at inflorescence development due to the difference in the position of the female and male primordia in the inflorescence and in the time of the female and male primordia being initiated. The influence of cytokinin on female primordia during flower development in P. volubilis strongly suggests a feminization role for cytokinin in sex determination. These results indicate that cytokinin could modify the fate of the apical meristem of male flower and promote the formation of carpel primordia in P. volubilis.
Population Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy Exposure-response Analysis, and Model-based Meta-analysis of Fenebrutinib in Subjects with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Chan Phyllis , Yu Jiajie , Chinn Leslie , Prohn Marita , Huisman Jan , Matzuka Brett , Hanley William , Tuckwell Katie , Quartino Angelica 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeFenebrutinib (GDC-0853), a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor was investigated in a Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our aim was to apply a model-informed drug development (MIDD) approach to examine the totality of available clinical efficacy data.MethodsPopulation pharmacokinetics (popPK) modeling, exposure-response (E-R) analysis, and model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) of fenebrutinib were performed based on the Phase 2 data.ResultsPopPK of fenebrutinib after oral administration was described using a 3-compartment model with linear elimination and a flexible absorption transit compartment model. Healthy subjects had a 52% higher apparent clearance than patients. E-R analyses based on longitudinal ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 and DAS28 (CRP) data modeled fenebrutinib effect with an Emaxfunction, and an efficacy plateau was achieved within the exposure range obtained in the Phase 2 clinical trial. Based on literature data, a summary-level clinical efficacy database was constructed, and MBMA determined ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 responder rates in the placebo and adalimumab arms of the Phase 2 clinical trial were found to be consistent with historical data for these treatments.ConclusionsOur multi-pronged approach applied MIDD to maximize knowledge extraction of efficacy data and enabled robust interpretation from a Phase 2 clinical trial.
A Risk-Based Analysis of Design Practices in Regard to Passenger Hazard Exposure in Open Mass Transit Stations
Authors: Gintschel Sebastian , Kirawanich Phumin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDesign practices in regard to passenger hazard exposure in mass transit stations that are directly open to the atmosphere, so-called open stations, are the focus of this study. The benchmarking exercise intends to provide a comprehensive review regarding the application of existing international and national design codes, standards, and guidelines in terms of their ability to mitigate hazards at key points of contact (POC) between passengers and station, such as walking surfaces, stairs, lifts, escalators, and wayfinding, during normal and emergency conditions. By adopting the safety-related risk assessment model, the benchmarking exercise uses national Thai station design practices as a baseline in order to identify applicable national codes, standards, and guidelines, and to conduct a parallel comparative analysis with respect to their international counterparts in order to identify, rank, and evaluate the potential impacts of missing regulations and practices. The analysis shows that a number of station environment-related risks appear along the different paths of egress and at different POC that must be addressed. With the application of Thai national codes, standards, and guidelines alone, the designer is still susceptible to design decisions that do not reduce risk levels. It was also found that more than half of the risks in paths of egress remain undesirable or intolerable after the design, and thus pose a threat of injury to passengers and create growing concerns for operators. Based on the findings of the study, a recommendation can be made for the use of a design handbook for stations by ranking different existing standards in accordance with their importance to the design endeavor, with legal support from involved parties.
The relationship between residential altitude and stunting: evidence from >26 000 children living in highlands and lowlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Shimels H. , Habtewold Tesfa D. , Abdi Debelo D. , Alizadeh Shahab , Larijani Bagher , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLittle information is known about the influence of altitude on child growth in Ethiopia, where most people live in highlands. We investigated the relation of residential altitude with growth faltering (stunting) of infants and young children in Ethiopia. We also examined whether the altitude–growth relationship was independent of the influence of the dietary and non-dietary determinants of growth. We used the data of 26 976 under-5-year-old children included in the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys, conducted from 2005 to 2016. The samples were recruited following a two-stage cluster sampling strategy. Stunting was defined by height-for-age <−2 z-scores. The relationship between residential altitude and stunting was examined by running multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling the effect of covariate dietary and non-dietary variables. The residential altitude of the study participants ranged from −116 to 4500 m above sea level (masl). There was a significant and progressive increase in the prevalence and odds of stunting with increasing altitude (P < 0·001), irrespective of the dietary and non-dietary predictors of stunting. The prevalence of stunting was lowest in lowlands (39 %) and highest in highlands (47 %). Compared with altitude <1000 masl, the odds of stunting was 1·41 times higher at altitude ≥2500 masl (OR 1·41, 95 % CI 1·16, 1·71) and 1·29 times higher at altitude 2000–2499 masl (OR 1·29, 95 % CI 1·11, 1·49). Children living in highlands might be at a higher risk of poor growth. Further studies are warranted to understand the mechanism behind the observed altitude–stunting link and identify strategies to compensate for the growth-faltering effect of living in highlands.
Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Modeling With Forecastable Inputs: Case Study of the June 2012 High‐Speed Stream Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Meng Xing , Mannucci Anthony J. , Verkhoglyadova Olga P. , Tsurutani Bruce T. , Ridley Aaron J. , Shim Ja‐Soon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractForecasting conditions in the thermosphere and ionosphere is a key outcome expected from space weather research. In this work, we perform numerical simulations using the first‐principles models Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model (GITM) and Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE‐GCM) to address the reliability of thermospheric‐ionospheric forecasts. When considering forecasts applicable to periods of geomagnetic activity, careful consideration is required of model inputs, which largely determine how the models will simulate disturbed conditions. We adopt an approach to drive the models with solar wind parameters and the 10.7 cm solar radio flux. This aligns our investigation with recent research and operational activities to forecast solar wind conditions on the Earth a few days in advance. In this work, we examine a weak geomagnetic storm, the June 2012 high‐speed‐stream event, for which we drive GITM and TIE‐GCM with observed solar wind and F10.7 values. We find general agreement between the simulations and observation‐based Global Ionospheric Maps of the total electron content (TEC) response. However, overestimated TEC response is found in the middle to low latitudinal region of the American sector and surrounding areas for both GITM and TIE‐GCM during similar time periods. By conducting numerical modeling experiments and comparing the modeling results with observational data, we find that the overestimated TEC response can be almost equally attributed to the solar wind driving and F10.7 driving during the June 2012 event. We conclude that the accuracy of the high‐latitude electric field and the solar irradiance is crucial to reproduce the TEC response in forecastable‐mode modeling.
Linking Mountain Glacier Retreat and Hydrological Changes in Southwestern Yukon
Authors: Chesnokova A. , Baraër M. , Laperrière‐Robillard T. , Huh K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aims to isolate and quantify the role of shrinking glaciers in recent hydrological changes in eight watersheds in the southwestern Yukon (Canada) by using an original dual approach that consists of (i) watershed hydrological regime identification, followed by a trend analysis of discharge time series, and (ii) a model‐based peak water (PW) analysis using glacier cover change measurements. A distinction between hydrological regimes is a necessary add‐up to commonly used trend attribution methods as the lake runoff regime shares common characteristics with the glacier regime. Results show a link between shrinking glaciers and hydrological changes in the region, but the link is complex, and glacier retreat does not explain all the observed changes. Model outputs show that the two watersheds with a glacierized area exceeding 30% and one watershed with 2.9% glacierized area have not reached PW, whereas a 9.2% glacierized watershed and another watershed with 2.1% glacierized area have already passed it. These results suggest that glacierized area alone cannot explain short‐term changes related to watershed current position in terms of PW, and the rate of glacier retreat must be considered. By contrast, the actual rate of glacier retreat does not influence long‐term changes, such as the magnitude of PW and of the consequent drop in discharge. Once glaciers will have retreated to a point close to extinction, declines in summer discharge from 10% to 70% and proportional to the actual glacier cover are anticipated at watersheds that are currently more than 9% glacierized.
Rational design of the micron-sized particle size of LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4cathode material with enhanced electrochemical performance for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Lei , Chang Wengui , Xie Chengen , Jin Juncheng , Xia Yujia , Yuan Xueqin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecently, micron-sized LiMn1−xFexPO4cathode materials have attracted attention due to its better rate capability and higher tap density than the nano-sized ones. However, the influence of the particle size on the energy density of micron-sized LiMn1−xFexPO4is still unknown. In this paper, we report the optimal particle size of the micron-sized LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4with enhanced electrochemical performance as cathode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4sample with the particle size of ∼9.39μm delivers the initial discharge capacity of 124 mAh g−1at 0.2 C rate with high capacity retention of 94.35% after 100 cycles, which is higher than that with the particle sizes of ∼2.71μm, ∼3.74μm, ∼6.41μm or ∼16.31μm. This structure with the specific capacity of 122 mAh g−1at 0.5 C rate and 106 mAh g−1at 3 C rate also exhibits excellent rate performances. The improved electrochemical performances are mainly derived from its fast Li+diffusion, which causes the higher ionic conductivity. The LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4sample with the particle sizes of ∼9.39μm also shows the highest tap density (0.68 g cc−1) among the as-prepared samples. This finding provides a new way to enhance the energy density of other cathode materials.
A novel synthesis of nanoflower-like zinc borate from zinc oxide at room temperature
Authors: Tan Vu T , The Vinh La , Tu Quynh Le , Thu Suong Huynh , Dang Chinh Huynh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For the first time, the nanoflower-like zinc borate compound was obtained by precipitation at room temperature using zinc oxide nanoparticles as a precursor. The obtained zinc borates were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Raman spectroscopy analysis. Monoclinic of zinc borate 2ZnO. 3B2O3.3.5H2O was achieved under the XRD pattern and the elemental chemical analysis. The particle size of the obtained materials is approximately 5 nm using TEM analysis. The TGA shows that the achieved zinc borate is outstanding stable at high temperatures. The result of this work provides a new route for the fabrication of zinc borate nanoparticle, which could be widely used in many applications.
Continuous hydrothermal flow-inspired synthesis and ultra-fast ammonia and humidity room-temperature sensor activities of WO3 nanobricks
Authors: Shaikh Shoyebmohamad F , Ghule Balaji G , Shinde Pritamkumar V , Raut Siddheshwar D , Gore Shyam K , Ubaidullah Mohd , Mane Rajaram S , Al-Enizi Abdullah M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Mesoporous tungsten oxide nanobricks (WO3 NBs) are successfully prepared via a simple and cost-effective hydrothermal synthesis method. The as-synthesized WO3 NBs demonstrate a high sensitivity and selectivity when used for liquid ammonia and humidity sensor activities at room temperature (27 °C). The monoclinic crystal structure has beencorroborated from thex-ray diffraction studies and the specific surface area is estimated to be 38.74 m2g−1. A larger specific surface area has significantly facilitated a fast gas adsorption/desorption process. The WO3 NBs notably exhibite gas sensitivity and selectivity for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as ammonia; however, a moderate performance is displayed with different oxidizing and reducing agents at room-temperature, namely: toluene, methanol, ethanol, and acetone. The sensor has offered a commercial potential with an extremely high response (75%), a 15-day operational stability at 100 ppm concentration of ammonia, and a practically remarkable ultra-high 8/5 s response/recovery time. The WO3 NBs-based humidity sensor endows a 32% resistance response at 20% relative humidity, with a quick response/recovery time of 10/8 s; which is due to unique surface architecture of these NBs.
Effects of yttrium on the oxidation behavior of 304 stainless steel with coating by laser remelting in high temperature water
Authors: Liu Mengnan , Chen Dongxu , Wang Yanan , Zhou Yanwen , Zhang Junwei , Wang Xiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Effects of Y2O3 on the oxidation behavior of 304 SS with coating by laser remelting after exposed to 290 °C water containing 3 ppm O2 for 72 h were investigated. It was found that the corrosion behavior of remelted layer on 304 SS with the addition of Y2O3 was completely different from that of 304 SS and remelted layer on 304 SS without the addition of Y2O3. More Cr2O3 hematite oxides were formed around strengthening phase near the Y2O3 particles. With increasing exposure time, a little number of Fe3O4 spinel oxides were continuing formed on the surface outside the Mn/Si enrichment area. The growth of Fe3O4 spinel oxides were hindered because of the massive Cr2O3 hematite oxides around the Y2O3 particles. Some small Fe3O4 spinel oxides were formed. Finally, the types of oxide film formed on the surface of the remelted layer with the addition of Y2O3 were mainly Cr2O3 hematite oxides and a few of fine FeCr2O4 spinel oxides. The addition of Y2O3 in laser remelting layer can obviously change the corrosion behavior of 304 SS exposed to high temperature water and the related mechanisms are also discussed.
Entire solutions and a Liouville theorem for a class of parabolic equations on the real line
Authors: Poláčik P. 
Published: January 2020

We consider a class of semilinear heat equations on

R

\mathbb {R}

, including in particular the Fujita equation

u
t

=

u

x
x

+

|

u

|

p
−
1

u
,

x
∈

R

,

t
∈

R

,

\begin{equation*} u_t=u_{xx} +|u|^{p-1}u,\quad x\in \mathbb {R},\ t\in \mathbb {R}, \end{equation*}

where

p
>
1

p>1

. We first give a simple proof and an extension of a Liouville theorem concerning entire solutions with finite zero number. Then we show that there is an infinite-dimensional set of entire solutions with infinite zero number.
Simple risk models to predict cardiovascular death in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Ford Ian , Robertson Michele , Greenlaw Nicola , Bauters Christophe , Lemesle Gilles , Sorbets Emmanuel , Ferrari Roberto , Tardif Jean-Claude , Tendera Michal , Fox Kim , Steg Philippe Gabriel ,   the CLARIFY Investigators
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
Risk estimation is important to motivate patients to adhere to treatment and to identify those in whom additional treatments may be warranted and expensive treatments might be most cost effective. Our aim was to develop a simple risk model based on readily available risk factors for patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods and results
Models were developed in the CLARIFY registry of patients with stable CAD, first incorporating only simple clinical variables and then with the inclusion of assessments of left ventricular function, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and haemoglobin levels. The outcome of cardiovascular death over ∼5 years was analysed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Calibration of the models was assessed in an external study, the CORONOR registry of patients with stable coronary disease. We provide formulae for calculation of the risk score and simple integer points-based versions of the scores with associated look-up risk tables. Only the models based on simple clinical variables provided both good c-statistics (0.74 in CLARIFY and 0.80 or over in CORONOR), with no lack of calibration in the external dataset.

Conclusion
Our preferred model based on 10 readily available variables [age, diabetes, smoking, heart failure (HF) symptom status and histories of atrial fibrillation or flutter, myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, percutaneous coronary intervention, and hospitalization for HF] had good discriminatory power and fitted well in an external dataset.

Study registration
The CLARIFY registry is registered in the ISRCTN registry of clinical trials (ISRCTN43070564).