bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Early Cognitive Development After Prenatal Exposure to Opioids
Authors: Skumlien Martine , Ibsen Inge Olga , Kesmodel Ulrik Schiøler , Nygaard Egil 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivePrenatal opioid exposure has been linked with impaired cognitive development, with boys potentially at elevated risk. In the present study, we examined cognitive and language development of children prenatally exposed to opioids, with an additional focus on sex differences.MethodsA sample of 378 children (n = 194 girls and n = 184 boys) aged 1.2–42.8 months was drawn from the Danish Family Outpatient Clinic database. Developmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley-III cognitive and language scales, and substance exposure was determined with urine screening and/or verbal report. Children exposed to opioids (n = 94) were compared to children with no prenatal substance exposure (n = 38), and children exposed to alcohol (n = 131) or tobacco (n = 115). Group and sex differences were investigated with separate linear mixed models for each Bayley scale, controlling for concurrent cannabis exposure.ResultsThere were significantly reduced scores in opioid-exposed boys compared to boys with no prenatal substance exposure, but no difference between opioid-exposed and nonexposed girls. Additionally, alcohol-exposed boys had lower cognitive scores than nonexposed boys, and alcohol-exposed girls had lower scores on both scales compared to opioid-exposed girls. There were otherwise no significant differences according to group, sex, or scale.ConclusionsThe present findings indicate poorer cognitive and language development in boys after prenatal opioid exposure. As academic performance is rooted in cognitive functioning, long-term follow-up might be necessary for exposed children.
Rocking shadows in broken circumbinary discs
Authors: Nealon Rebecca , Price Daniel J , Pinte Christophe 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We use three-dimensional simulations with coupled hydrodynamics and Monte Carlo radiative transfer to show that shadows cast by the inner disc in broken circumbinary discs move within a confined range of position angles on the outer disc. Over time, shadows appear to rock back and forth in azimuth as the inner disc precesses. The effect occurs because the inner disc precesses around a vector that is not the angular momentum vector of the outer disc. We relate our findings to recent observations of shadows in discs.
Sequence specificity, energetics and mechanism of mismatch recognition by DNA damage sensing protein Rad4/XPC
Authors: Panigrahi Abhinandan , Vemuri Hemanth , Aggarwal Madhur , Pitta Kartheek , Krishnan Marimuthu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced DNA lesions play a causal role in many prevalent genetic skin-related diseases and cancers. The damage sensing protein Rad4/XPC specifically recognizes and repairs these lesions with high fidelity and safeguards genome integrity. Despite considerable progress, the mechanistic details of the mode of action of Rad4/XPC in damage recognition remain obscure. The present study investigates the mechanism, energetics, dynamics, and the molecular basis for the sequence specificity of mismatch recognition by Rad4/XPC. We dissect the following three key molecular events that occur as Rad4/XPC tries to recognize and bind to DNA lesions/mismatches: (a) the association of Rad4/XPC with the damaged/mismatched DNA, (b) the insertion of a lesion-sensing β-hairpin of Rad4/XPC into the damage/mismatch site and (c) the flipping of a pair of nucleotide bases at the damage/mismatch site. Using suitable reaction coordinates, the free energy surfaces for these events are determined using molecular dynamics (MD) and umbrella sampling simulations on three mismatched (CCC/CCC, TTT/TTT and TAT/TAT mismatches) Rad4-DNA complexes. The study identifies the key determinants of the sequence-dependent specificity of Rad4 for the mismatches and explores the ramifications of specificity in the aforementioned events. The results unravel the molecular basis for the high specificity of Rad4 towards CCC/CCC mismatch and lower specificity for the TAT/TAT mismatch. A strong correlation between the depth of β-hairpin insertion into the DNA duplex and the degree of coupling between the hairpin insertion and the flipping of bases is also observed. The interplay of the conformational flexibility of mismatched bases, the depth of β-hairpin insertion, Rad4-DNA association energetics and the Rad4 specificity explored here complement recent experimental FRET studies on Rad4-DNA complexes.
2′-Alkynyl spin-labelling is a minimally perturbing tool for DNA structural analysis
Authors: Hardwick Jack S , Haugland Marius M , El-Sagheer Afaf H , Ptchelkine Denis , Beierlein Frank R , Lane Andrew N , Brown Tom , Lovett Janet E , Anderson Edward A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The determination of distances between specific points in nucleic acids is essential to understanding their behaviour at the molecular level. The ability to measure distances of 2–10 nm is particularly important: deformations arising from protein binding commonly fall within this range, but the reliable measurement of such distances for a conformational ensemble remains a significant challenge. Using several techniques, we show that electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of oligonucleotides spin-labelled with triazole-appended nitroxides at the 2′ position offers a robust and minimally perturbing tool for obtaining such measurements. For two nitroxides, we present results from EPR spectroscopy, X-ray crystal structures of B-form spin-labelled DNA duplexes, molecular dynamics simulations and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These four methods are mutually supportive, and pinpoint the locations of the spin labels on the duplexes. In doing so, this work establishes 2′-alkynyl nitroxide spin-labelling as a minimally perturbing method for probing DNA conformation.
Risk stratification in pediatric low-grade glioma and glioneuronal tumor treated with radiation therapy: an integrated clinicopathologic and molecular analysis
Authors: Acharya Sahaja , Liu Jo-Fen , Tatevossian Ruth G , Chiang Jason , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Gajjar Amar , Walker David , Harreld Julie H , Merchant Thomas E , Ellison David W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Management of unresectable pediatric low-grade glioma and glioneuronal tumor (LGG/LGGNT) is controversial. There are no validated prognostic features to guide use of radiation therapy (RT). Our study aimed to identify negative prognostic features in patients treated with RT using clinicopathologic and molecular data and validate these findings in an external dataset.

Methods
Children with non-metastatic, biopsy-proven unresectable LGG/LGGNT treated with RT at a single institution between 1997 and 2017 were identified. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was used to stratify patients into low- and high-risk prognostic groups based on overall survival (OS). CNS9702 data were used for validation.

Results
One hundred and fifty patients met inclusion criteria. Median follow-up was 11.4 years. RPA yielded low- and high-risk groups with 10-year OS of 95.6% versus 76.4% (95% CI: 88.7%–98.4% vs 59.3%–87.1%, P = 0.003), respectively. These risk groups were validated using CNS9702 dataset (n = 48) (4-year OS: low-risk vs high-risk: 100% vs 64%, P &lt; 0.001). High-risk tumors included diffuse astrocytoma or location within thalamus/midbrain. Low-risk tumors included pilocytic astrocytoma/ganglioglioma located outside of the thalamus/midbrain. In the subgroup with known BRAF status (n = 49), risk stratification remained prognostic independently of BRAF alteration (V600E or fusion). Within the high-risk group, delayed RT, defined as RT after at least one line of chemotherapy, was associated with a further decrement in overall survival (P = 0.021).

Conclusion
A high-risk subgroup of patients, defined by diffuse astrocytoma histology or midbrain/thalamus tumor location, have suboptimal long-term survival and might benefit from timely use of RT. These results require validation.
AN EXTENSION OF THE BOURGAIN–SARNAK–ZIEGLER THEOREM WITH MODULAR APPLICATIONS
Authors: Cafferata M , Perelli A , Zaccagnini A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We first prove an extension of the Bourgain–Sarnak–Ziegler theorem, relaxing some conditions and giving quantitative estimates. Then we apply our extension to bound certain exponential sums, where the coefficients come from modular forms and the exponential involves polynomial sequences of any degree.
GRADIENT AND HESSIAN ESTIMATES FOR DIRICHLET AND NEUMANN EIGENFUNCTIONS
Authors: Wang Feng-Yu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We establish integral formulas and sharp two-sided bounds for the Ricci curvature, mean curvature and second fundamental form on a Riemannian manifold with boundary. As applications, sharp gradient and Hessian estimates are derived for the Dirichlet and Neumann eigenfunctions.
Joint trajectories of disease activity, and physical and mental health-related quality of life in an inception lupus cohort
Authors: Fung William , Lim Lily Siok Hoon , Tomlinson George , Engel Lisa , Su Jiandong , Diaz-Martinez Juan Pablo , Touma Zahi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo examine for latent patterns of SLE disease activity trajectories that associate with specific latent patterns of health-related quality of life (HRQoL; Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36), and to determine baseline predictors of class membership.MethodsIn this retrospective longitudinal inception cohort of 222 SLE adults over 10 years, trajectories of three outcomes were studied jointly: Short Form-36 physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summaries and adjusted mean SLEDAI-2000 (AMS). Group-based joint trajectory modelling was used to model latent classes; univariable and multivariable analyses were used to identify predictors of class membership.ResultsFour latent classes were identified: Class 1 (C1) (24%) had moderate AMS, and persistently low PCS and MCS; C2 (26%) had low AMS, moderate PCS and improved then worsened MCS; C3 (38%) had moderate AMS, and persistently high PCS and MCS; and C4 (11%) had high AMS, moderate-low PCS and improving MCS. Baseline older age was associated with lower HRQoL trajectories. Higher AMS trajectories did not associate with a particular pattern of HRQoL trajectory. A higher prevalence of fibromyalgia (44% in C1) was associated with worse HRQoL trajectories. Disease manifestations, organ damage and cumulative glucocorticoid were not differentially distributed across the latent classes.ConclusionHigh disease activity did not necessarily associate with low HRQoL. More patients with worse HRQoL trajectories had fibromyalgia. Older age at diagnosis increased the probability of belonging to a class with low HRQoL trajectories. The care of SLE patients may be improved through addressing fibromyalgia in addition to disease activity.
Introducing the First European Symposium on the Evolution of Crocodylomorpha
Authors: Puértolas-Pascual Eduardo , Young Mark T , Brochu Christopher A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe First European Symposium on the Evolution of Crocodylomorpha took place during the XVI Annual Meeting of the European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists (EAVP) organized by NOVA University of Lisbon (UNL) in Caparica, Portugal. Fourteen lectures and five posters were presented at the symposium in June 26th–July 1st, 2018. This special issue showcases twelve papers based on symposium contributions.
A new species of deropristid trematode from the sterlet Acipenser ruthenus (Actinopterygii: Acipenseridae) and revision of superfamily affiliation of the family Deropristidae
Authors: Sokolov Sergey , Voropaeva Ekaterina , Atopkin Dmitry 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new species, Skrjabinopsolus nudidorsalis sp. nov. is described from the sterlet Acipenser ruthenus, caught in the River Volga basin (Russia). This species differs from previously described congeners by the absence of vitelline follicles on the dorsal side of the body. The complete 18S rRNA and partial 28S rRNA gene sequences obtained for S. nudidorsalis are the first molecular data for the family Deropristidae. The results of phylogenetic analysis indicate that Deropristidae is sister to the Monorchiidae + Lissorchiidae group. The results of the phylogenetic study contradict the current taxonomic hypothesis that Deropristidae belongs to the superfamily Lepocreadioidea and allow inclusion of this family in Monorchioidea. The morphological similarity of deropristids to other monorchioids is recognizable from the presence of a bipartite internal seminal vesicle, spinous cirrus and a voluminous, armed metraterm.
The Parental Experience of Newborns With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Across Inpatient Care Settings: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Buczkowski Amy , Avidan Olivia , Cox David , Craig Alexa 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
Understanding the experience of parents with newborns hospitalized with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) across all inpatient settings is important in optimizing their involvement as part of the care team. A descriptive qualitative study design was utilized to understand the parental experience and identify barriers to parent involvement in care of newborns with NAS care.

Methods:
Semistructured one-on-one interviews were conducted with parents of a convenience sample of fifteen infants admitted for NAS in the newborn nursery and level II/III neonatal intensive care unit within a tertiary care center in Northern New England. Interviews were analyzed using thematic content analysis.

Results:
Sixty percent of mothers were treated with buprenorphine during pregnancy, and 60% of infants required pharmacological treatment for NAS symptoms. The predominant themes of parental experience included preparation/education for hospitalization, communication with providers, NAS management, family resources, physical hospital environment, and maternal guilt.

Conclusion:
The parental experience of care for NAS is negatively affected by lack of standardized NAS education in the prenatal and postnatal settings, inconsistent communication with providers, the Finnegan scoring system, lack of provider sensitivity to parental substance use disorder, and maternal guilt. This study also highlights the parental desire to be more involved in the care of newborns with NAS.
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) a Serum Biomarker Indicative for the Severity of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Akshota Nissim , Friedlander Alon , Hershkovich Oded , Gurevich Michael , Givon Uri , Sakhini Mojahed , Achiron Anat 
Published: February 2020

Study Design:
Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 25 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and 13 healthy volunteers.

Objectives:
Our aim was to investigate the significance of neurodegenerative biomarkers in patients with CSM and correlate their expression with CSM severity.

Summary of Background Data:
CSM is a common disorder involving chronic progressive compression of the cervical spinal resulting in progressive neurological impairment that ranges from mild tingling in the upper limbs to complete quadriplegia. However, the immunological background related to the neurodegenerative damage and its significance in CSM is still unclear.

Methods:
Protein expression profiles of 14 neurodegenerative biomarkers were measured by multiplex Luminex bead assay and further analyzed by group comparison statistics, correlation studies, and receiver-operating characteristic analysis.

Results:
Eleven of 14 biomarkers were significantly elevated in CSM patients as compared with healthy subjects (P<0.05). Specifically, the clinical severity of CSM on the scales of Nurick and modified Japanese Orthopedics Association scale (mJOA) was inversely related to neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) levels (r=−0.529, P=0.007; r=−0.519, P=0.001, respectively).

Conclusions:
Serum level of neural cell adhesion molecule may serve as a diagnostic biomarker correlating with the severity of CSM.
Occurrence and Risk Factors of Chronic Pain After Critical Illness
Authors: Koster-Brouwer Maria E. , Rijsdijk Mienke , van Os Wouter K. M. , Soliman Ivo W. , Slooter Arjen J. C. , de Lange Dylan W. , van Dijk Diederik , Bonten Marc J. M. , Cremer Olaf L. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:Occurrence, risk factors, and impact on daily life of chronic pain after critical illness have not been systematically studied.Design:Cohort study.Setting:A tertiary ICU in The Netherlands.Patients:We surveyed patients who had been discharged from our ICU between 2013 and 2016. Three cohorts were defined as follows: 1) ICU survivors; 2) one-year survivors reporting newly-acquired chronic pain; and (3) one-year survivors with pain who lived within 50 km from the study hospital. In cohort 1, we estimated the prevalence of new chronic pain 1 year after ICU discharge and constructed a prediction model for its occurrence incorporating three outcomes: death during follow-up, surviving without new pain, and surviving with newly-acquired pain. In cohort 2, we determined clinical features of pain and its impact on daily life. In cohort 3, we assessed the presence of neuropathic characteristics of pain.Interventions:None.Measurements and Main Results:The three cohorts contained 1,842, 160, and 42 patients, respectively. Estimated occurrence of new chronic pain was 17.7% (95% CI, 15.8–19.8%;n= 242) in 1-year survivors (n= 1,368). Median pain intensity on the numeric rating scale was 4 (interquartile range, 2–6) in the week before survey response, with impact being most evident on activities of daily living, social activities, and mobility. Neuropathic pain features were present in 50% (95% CI, 37–68%) of affected subjects. Among nine predictor variables included in a multinomial model, only female gender and days in ICU with hyperinflammation were associated with pain.Conclusions:Newly-acquired chronic pain is a frequent consequence of critical illness, and its impact on daily life of affected patients is substantial.
A Retrospective Analysis of Steady-State Olanzapine Concentrations in Chinese Patients Using Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Effects of Valproate and Other Factors
Authors: Deng Shu-hua , Wang Zhan-Zhang , Lu Hao-Yang , Li Lu , Hu Jin-Qing , Zhu Xiu-Qing , Xie Huan-Shan , Chen Hong-Zhen , Zhang Ming , Ni Xiao-Jia , Qiu Chang , Shang De-Wei , Wen Yu-Guan 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The objective of this study was to investigate the serum concentrations of olanzapine in relation to age, sex, and other factors in Chinese patients aged between 10 and 90 years.

Methods:
Data for 884 olanzapine patients, deposited between 2016 and 2017, were retrieved from the therapeutic drug monitoring database of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. The effects of covariates on serum olanzapine concentration, dose-normalized concentration (C/D ratio), and normalized concentration (C/D/weight) were investigated.

Results:
Generally, male patients had lower olanzapine concentration, C/D ratio, and C/D/weight than female patients (P < 0.001). Smoking and drinking reduced olanzapine concentration, C/D ratio, and C/D/weight (P < 0.001). Coadministration with valproate decreased olanzapine concentration, C/D ratio, and C/D/weight by about 16%, 30%, and 40%, respectively (P < 0.001). Patients younger than 60 years had higher olanzapine concentrations (P < 0.05) but lower C/D ratios and C/D/weight (P < 0.001) than patients older than 60 years. Age was correlated with olanzapine concentration (r = −0.082, P < 0.05), C/D ratio (r = 0.196, P < 0.001), and C/D/weight (r = 0.169, P < 0.001). Sample timing after dose and diagnostic factors also contributed to the olanzapine concentrations. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed significant influences of dosage, age, sex, valproate comedication, smoking, postdose interval, and schizophrenia (vs bipolar affective disorders) on serum olanzapine concentrations.

Conclusions:
The metabolism of olanzapine may be altered by several factors. Patients characterized with a combination of factors may benefit from therapeutic drug monitoring for the adjustment of olanzapine dose to minimize adverse reactions.
INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE OUTCOMES AFTER SURGERY FOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT IN SCHWARTZ SYNDROME
Authors: Philip Reni , Balekudaru Shantha , Vijaya Lingam , George Ronnie 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:
To study intraocular pressure (IOP) outcomes after surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Schwartz syndrome.

Methods:
We reviewed records of 32 eyes of 32 patients with Schwartz syndrome (patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, IOP above 21 mmHg, and open angles without angle recession, chronic steroid use or other secondary causes of increased IOP) who had undergone surgical treatment consisting of scleral buckling or vitrectomy. Intraocular pressure, number of medication, best-corrected visual acuity were compared at baseline and postsurgery visits and also studied association of various factors on long-term IOP.

Results:
The median duration of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was 2 months, and the inter quartile range was 1 to 12 months. Follow-up was 15 months (inter quartile range: 7–33 months). Sixteen (50%) had prior ocular trauma. Baseline IOP was 35 ± 8 mmHg, and 12% (4/32) of patients were on IOP-lowering medication at presentation. At the final visit, mean IOP was 17 ± 6 mmHg and 59% patients (19/32) required additional IOP-lowering medication or surgery for IOP control.

Conclusion:
Surgical management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment resulted in significant reduction in IOP. At the final visit, 41% did not require any IOP-lowering medication or surgical intervention for IOP control.
Clinical Features of Group A Streptococcus in Children With Pharyngitis: Carriers versus Acute Infection
Authors: Rick Anne-Marie , Zaheer Haniah A. , Martin Judith M. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Among children with pharyngitis who test positive for group A Streptococcus (GAS), 10%–25% are GAS carriers. Current laboratory methods cannot distinguish acute infection from colonization.

Methods:
We examined 2 separate longitudinal studies of children with symptomatic pharyngitis associated with a positive GAS throat culture (illness culture). In cohort 1, children presented with pharyngitis symptoms to a clinician, then had follow-up cultures at regular intervals. In cohort 2, throat cultures were performed at regular intervals and with pharyngitis symptoms. Illness cultures were categorized as acute infection or carrier based on follow-up culture results. In cohort 2, carriers were further categorized as a GAS carrier with a new emm-type or a GAS carrier with a previous emm-type based on typing data from prior culture results. For each cohort, symptoms were compared at the time of illness culture between carriers and those with acute infection.

Results:
Cohort 1 (N = 75 illness cultures): 87% of the children were classified as acutely infected versus 13% carriers. Carriers were more likely to have upper respiratory (URI) symptoms [odds ratio (OR): 5.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4–22.1], headache (OR: 6.0; 95% CI: 1.2–40.5) or vomiting (OR: 5.5; 95% CI: 1.2–24.5). Cohort 2 (N = 122 illness cultures): 79% were acutely infected and 21% were carriers. Children determined to be carriers with a previous detected emm-type were more likely to have URI symptoms compared with those with acquisition of a new emm-type.

Conclusions:
Children with symptomatic pharyngitis and GAS on throat culture identified as carriers were more likely to present with URI and atypical symptoms than children who were acutely infected.