bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Physical Localization of the Gene Controlling Leaf Pigmentation Pattern in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Yu Xiaocheng , Qin Qiulin , Wu Xia , Li Dandan , Yang Shengming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In Medicago truncatula, some ecotypes form a black or purple stain in the middle of adaxial leaf surface due to accumulation of anthocyanins. However, this morphological marker is missing in some other ecotypes, although anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway is not disrupted. Genetic analysis indicated that the lack of the leaf spot of anthocyanins accumulation is a dominant trait, which is controlled by a single gene, LPP1. Genetic mapping indicated that the LPP1 gene was delimited to a 280 kb-region on Chromosome 7. A total of 8 protein-coding genes were identified in the LPP1 locus through gene annotation and sequence analysis. Of those, two genes, putatively encoding MYB-transcriptional suppressors, were selected as candidates for functional validation.
Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity: Balanced by COX2-PGE2 System to a New Setpoint
Authors: Wang Fuzhou 
Published: September 2020

The setpoint of neural activity plays a critical role in maintaining the complex neural circuits into stable activities. Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a major component of the setpoint theory that dynamically adjusts synaptic strengths. Cyclooxy-genase 2 (COX 2) is rapidly upregulated in inflammatory episodes after nervous injury and its product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) exerts contrast functions in the nervous system by working on the homeostatic plasticity. New data revealed that COX2-PGE2 system takes an essential part in balancing excitation and inhibition of the synaptic activities at a new setpoint that finally is maintained by the homeostatic synaptic plasticity.
New Definition of Sepsis
Authors: Wang Fuzhou 
Published: September 2020

Sepsis or septic shock is one of the major causes of mortality in intensive care medicine. How to define and how to make an accurate diagnosis possess critical implications for patients and intensive caregivers. With the development of modern medical science, new challenges rose for how to re-define sepsis and also revision is needed. Should we add organ dysfunction to the diagnostic criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and whether are there early symptoms or signs of organ dysfunction need to be considered critically. May be the new definition of sepsis can save more lives.
Water Triggered Shape Memory Materials
Authors: Niu Guoguang 
Published: September 2020

The term "shape memory effect" refers to the ability of a material to be deformed and fixed into a temporary shape, and to recover its original, permanent shape upon an external stimulus (1). Shape memory polymers have attracted much interest because of their unique properties, and applied tremendously in medical area, such as biodegradable sutures, actuators, catheters and smart stents (2, 3). Shape memory usually is a thermally induced process, although it can be activated by light illumination, electrical current, magnetic, or electromagnetic field (4-6). During the process, the materials are heated directly or indirectly above their glass transition temperature (Tg) or the melting temperature (Tm) in order to recover the original shape. Non-thermally induced shape memory polymers eliminate the temperature constrains and enable the manipulation of the shape recovered under ambient temperature (7, 8). Herein, we report a novel strategy of water induced shape memory, in which the formation and dissolution of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) crystal is utilized for the fixation and recovery of temporary deformation of hydrophilic polymer. This water-induced shape recovery is less sensitive to temperature, of which 95% deformation is fixed in circumstance and over 75% recovery is reached even at 0 oC.
Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Newborn Resuscitation Around Term: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Holte Kari , Ersdal Hege , Eilevstjønn Joar , Gomo Øystein , Klingenberg Claus , Thallinger Monica , Linde Jørgen , Stigum Hein , Yeconia Anita , Kidanto Hussein , Størdal Ketil 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:
International guidelines for resuscitation recommend using positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during ventilation of preterm newborns. Reliable PEEP-valves for self-inflating bags have been lacking, and effects of PEEP during resuscitation of term newborns are insufficiently studied. The objective was to determine if adding a new PEEP valve to the bag-mask during resuscitation of term and near-term newborns could improve heart rate response.

METHODS:
This randomized controlled trial was performed at Haydom Lutheran Hospital in Tanzania (September 2016 to June 2018). Helping Babies Breathe–trained midwives performed newborn resuscitation using self-inflating bags with or without a new, integrated PEEP valve. All live-born newborns who received bag-mask ventilation at birth were eligible. Heart rate response measured by ECG was the primary outcome, and clinical outcome and ventilation data were recorded.

RESULTS:
Among 417 included newborns (median birth weight 3200 g), 206 were ventilated without and 211 with PEEP. We found no difference in heart rate response. Median (interquartile range) measured PEEP in the PEEP group was 4.7 (2.0–5.6) millibar. The PEEP group received lower tidal volumes (4.9 [1.9–8.2] vs 6.3 [3.9–10.5] mL/kg; P = .02) and had borderline lower expired CO2 (2.9 [1.5–4.3] vs 3.3 [1.9–5.0] %; P = .05). Twenty four-hour mortality was 9% in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
We found no evidence for improved heart rate response during bag-mask ventilation with PEEP compared with no PEEP. The PEEP valve delivered a median PEEP within the intended range. The findings do not support routine use of PEEP during resuscitation of newborns around term.
Psychological analysis of sociogram and biographical method for investigating parents of children with special educational needs
Authors: Andreyko Bohdana , Subashkevych Iryna 
Published: September 2020

Aim. In order to provide psychological counselling, it is necessary to properly diagnose and study the psycho-emotional states, psychological makers of parents raising children with special educational needs (SEN).
Methods. In the diagnostic and practical work with parents of children with SEN, we used the text analysis method and the biographical method (including projective techniques lifeline, my autobiography), which combine diagnostic and psychotherapeutic scientific results. Family sociogram technique (Eidemiller, 2002) and its modified version (Tkachova, 2014) are used to study interpersonal family relationships and the nature of communication. The article analyses the scientific data and approaches to the study of problems faced by parents, arising from the condition of their child; emotional states of parents raising a child with SEN; stage of experience of the birth of their child.
Results. Intervention is focused on the present and future. If the experience of the past comes up, it is used for the benefit of achieving certain goals. An important result of the study to be worked on is that parents of special children mention only their family and children, but forget about their own wellbeing. Children with SEN are surrounded by care and love, parents seek symbiotic relationships with children trying to satisfy all their needs, protect from difficulties, offer boundless love and sometimes over-protection.
Conclusion. Knowledge of psychological stages identified within the theory of grief helps professionals understand when and how it is better to intervene in the situation taking into account the characteristics of a particular family and individual reactions.
Correlation between Level of Personal Well-being and Spirituality
Authors: Danylchenko Tetiana 
Published: September 2020

Aim: The aim of this paper is to define the correlation between experiencing personal well-being and manifestations of spirituality of an individual.
Methods: The study involved the citizens of Chernihiv (average age – 33.2 years old): 96 people in total, 40 men and 56 women. The following methods were used: a) to measure the components of personal well-being – Satisfaction with Life scale by E. Diener, Psychological well-being scale by С. Riff, Questionnaire of parameters of subjective social well-being by T. Danylchenko; b) to measure the spiritual component – EPU Plus (Egoism - Personal Uniqueness) by L. Z. Levit, Methodology of measuring social interaction (mentality aspect) by G. L. Voronin.
Results: The source of experiencing personal well-being is positive health (physical abilities, absence of physical limitations). Factors that decrease personal well-being are low level of tolerance and the pursuit of pleasure. Personal well-being is ensured by belief about collaboration and experiencing positive health as a state of readiness for activity. Psychological well-being has a negative correlation with basic egoism (the pursuit of pleasure) and a positive one with social egoism (ability to comply one’s needs with the group interests, following social rules and norms). Subjective social well-being relates to the highest egoism (unique self-realization, realization of existing potential in an acceptable way). The orientation towards achieving personal or public goals determines the peculiarities of experiencing well-being in the eudaemonic and hedonistic dimensions.
The exhibition is just the beginning
Authors: Echegoyen Sanz Yolanda , Martín Ezpeleta Antonio 
Published: September 2020

Aim. The aim of this work is to present a qualitative analysis of the creative educational materials prepared by preservice teachers in the context of an educational experience around a museum exhibition about Science and Literature, described in a previous work (Authors, 2020). The responses to a final questionnaire about interdisciplinarity, integration of Sciences and Arts or the use of museums for children’s education are also analysed.
Methods. The participants were 121 alumni of two different subjects “Natural Sciences for teachers” and “Literary training for teachers” at a Spanish university. Preservice teachers had to select an item of the museum exhibition and, as a group, prepare a catalogue intended for children, where they had to write a short text related to the object and activities for children in an exercise of didactic transposition. The students generated teaching materials with a high component of creativity and a multimodal approach, with a mixture of linguistic and non-linguistic codes. The qualitative analysis of these creative teaching materials was carried out with Atlas.ti v8. To assess the experience a questionnaire about different aspects of the proposal was completed by the students at the end of the semester.
Results and conclusion. The analysis of the teaching materials demonstrates differences between the alumni attending both subjects in the type of items selected, the literary genre of the short text and the prepared activities. The responses to the final questionnaire give us an insight on the reasons for the item selection and show how most of the students considered the experience as very interesting and formative. We can conclude that the educational experience here described served as an exercise to internalise the benefits of this method and, at the same time, adapt it for their future students in Primary Education.
Teaching cats in Children’s Literature
Authors: Xouplidis Panagiotis 
Published: September 2020

Aim. The aim of the research is the comparative study of literary cat characters in Children’s Literature texts in Greek and Spanish and their instructive function in the transmission of social stereotypes.
Methods. The research subscribes to the field of Literary Animal Studies based on the theory of Children’s Literature (Lukens, 1999) and through the intercultural perspective of Comparative Children’s Literature (O’Sullivan, 2005). Published children’s books from Greece, Spain and Spanish-speaking America were compared using textual analysis methods of Imagology (Beller & Leersen, 2007). Stereotyped variants were identified and organized in categories related to name, physical appearance, gender, behavior, and function of literary cat characters.
Results. After examining a corpus of 37 books, 23 in Greek and 17 in Spanish (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Spain), textual analysis findings were compared, organized, and classified by language, country and readers’ age groups to locate that literary cat characters are usually pets or feral, and they remain consistently stereotyped as anthropomorphic and subversive. Cats with seven lives and magical powers are common perceptions, dominating in both cultural contexts, stereotypes extended to strong superstitions about black cats.
Conclusions. In Children's Literature texts, cats are linguistically, literally, and socially defined literary constructs, can have usually human-like features, intercultural influences, and are potentially shaped by intertextual relations. They serve also as a narrative motif for the transmission of social values about non-human animals and the textual familiarization of nonadult readers with society’s cultural stereotypes.
Jan Švankmajer’s Kunstkammer: Every thing means everything
Authors: Brzezińska Anna Maria 
Published: September 2020

Thesis. Jan Švankmajer’s Kunstkammer is a project with a complex constellation of meaning that defies clear-cut categorization in the context of Pomian’s theory of semiophores.
Discussed concepts. The paper describes the kunstkammer art project created by Jan Švankmajer, a Czech surrealist, in the context of Pomian’s theory of semiophores and compares it to traditional and historical equivalents, using the concepts of micro- and macrocosm, the world as a stage (Theatrum Mundi), hermeticism, and alchemy.
Results and conclusion. Jana Švankmajer’s Kunstkammer should be analyzed primarily in the individual and subjective context, rather than in the social one.
Originality/cognitive value of the approach. Pomian has described many examples of traditional kunstkammers, but there are also several modern collections that have not yet been described in the literature.
PRAGMATIC ASPECT OF WITTGENSTEIN’S PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION: A MODERN INTERPRETATION
Authors: Synytsia Andrii 
Published: September 2020

Aim. The aim of the study is to analyse the basic philosophical ideas proposed by Ludwig Wittgenstein in education from the pragmatic standpoint.
Methods. The article is based on an extended literature review, which involves the use of such methods as interpretation (to explain incomprehensible and incomplete aspects of philosophical theory), comparative analysis (to compare Wittgenstein’s views with the views of pragmatists) and historico-philosophical reconstruction (to build a complete pragmatico-analytic conception of Wittgenstein’s philosophy of education).
Results. The study clarified the pragmatic aspect of Wittgenstein’s reasoning about education. The author reconstructed and critically comprehended the features of Wittgenstein’s pedagogical method, his views on the purpose and characteristics of learning, communication in the educational environment and the results of the pedagogical process.
Conclusion. Wittgenstein developed an original pedagogical method, which was a synthesis of his theoretical and practical generalisations based on personal experience of teaching and learning. He supplemented them with pragmatic ideas, which were both his own developments and the result of improving the ideas of pragmatic theory. This made it possible to form the basis of the pragmatico-analytic philosophy of education and to reinterpret its basic principles and ideas.
What labour market? A critical STEM supply shortage investigation: Lithuanian case
Authors: Vaitekaitis Jogaila 
Published: September 2020

Aim. The main objective of this investigation is to explore perceived lack of Lithuanian STEM labour force supply. It is often believed that education systems are the bottleneck of economic growth and that by increasing the supply of STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) graduates we will get more and better payed jobs. But a growing body of evidence suggests that in many STEM fields there is an adequate supply or even oversupply of STEM majors. Still, technologically advanced capitalist countries advocate for more STEM workforce regardless of an overcrowded market. Echoing foreign neoliberal trends, Lithuanian education policy makers are on the same STEM shortage hype-train, and reforms are full steam ahead.
Methods. To explore perceived lack of Lithuanian STEM labour force supply an assessment of STEM graduates’ (n=3720) occupational destinations one year after graduation and average salaries in those professions was conducted employing a descriptive statistical analysis.
Results. Findings show that there is no general shortage of STEM labour supply; the majority (54% n=2023) of all recent STEM degree holders in Lithuania do not work in STEM jobs. The majority of graduates usually do not reach national average income one year after graduation.
Conclusions. Persuasion of students to study STEM degrees based on better labour market outcomes is misleading and possibly unethical. The principal theoretical implication of this paper is the acknowledgment that low STEM graduate employment does not necessarily signify a failing education system. Rather, this is an opportunity to look beyond human capital and labour market discourse which, arguably, prevents STEM education to realize its revolutionary potential.
THE LENS, FRAMES AND PATTERNS OF UKRAINIANS: HOW PERCEPTION OF THREAT AND RISK DETERMINES BEHAVIOUR IN THE COVID-19 SITUATION
Authors: Klimanska Maryna , Klymanska Larysa , Haletska Inna 
Published: September 2020

Aim/Thesis. Identification and construction of the typology of individual ideas about the perception of the risk posed by COVID-19 and potential impact of individual ideas on behavioural human intentions. Risk perception is viewed as a social construct.
Concept/Methods. The subject matter of analysis consists of 91 transcripts of semi-structured interviews subjected to thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006). On the basis of categories identified through thematic analysis a frame was created, through which an individual perceives the threat posed by COVID-19, while configuration of different subcategories shaped up four types of perception, used for data categorization.
Results and conclusion. Analysis of the results enabled to outline the very structure of frame for the assessment of the risk posed by COVID-19, it including seven categories, as well as to outline several typical frames in risk perception, which are traced in the informants’ conscience and are manifested in the intentions of behavioural responses to threat, viz.: potential danger (virtual risk); risk as a potential threat; uncertain risk; risk as a real threat.
Research restrictions. The restrictions in the research done include impossibility of regulating the selection of informants, since interviews were conducted in the quarantine conditions, therefore the choice of informants was made within the reach.
Practical application. Clarification of risk perception in the conditions of pandemic may enable health care representatives to more efficiently communicate with the public.
Originality/Cognitive value. The research was done in the quarantine period, thus it reflects real worries and opinions of informants under the threat of COVID-19. Implementation of the research using qualitative methods ensured focusing on subjective peculiarities of risk perception.
Conclusions: Typology of ideas, frames about risk in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic requires further clarifications and validation within a qualitative research.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIVIDUALISTIC VALUES AND OPTIMISM: A STUDY OF THE MILLENNIAL GENERATION IN BULGARIA
Authors: Karaivanova Maria 
Published: September 2020

Aim. A quantitative study on generational differences showed a decrease in optimism among the young generation (Karaivanova, 2016). The present work aims to study in detail the relationship between individualistic values, self-esteem, and optimism among the Millennial generation. Optimism is a general expectation for positive results and positive events in life (Radoslavova & Velichkov, 2005).
Method. A sample of 204 respondents from 20 to 35 years old voluntarily filled in a survey containing scales measuring individualistic values, self-esteem, and optimism. The relationship between these variables was tested using regression and mediation analyses. The results were processed using the statistical software SPSS, version 22.0.0.0, and the lavaan application in R Studio.
Results. The theoretical model created and tested in this study proved to have good explanatory power for the dependent variable optimism explaining one-third of its variance and gives significant clarity on the relationship between individualistic values, self-esteem, and optimism for the young generation in Bulgaria.
Conclusion. Individualistic values turned out to predict self-esteem. The more individualistic a person is, the higher they perceive their competences and social image. At the same time, being individualistic, i.e. being open for change and following one’s own interests does not make young people look more optimistically towards the future and believe in the solution of every problem they encounter. Individualistic values have a positive mediated effect on optimism with self-esteem as a mediator. Having strong self-confidence makes young people have positive expectations for the future.
THE ISSUE OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND TOLERANCE IN MODERN GEORGIAN POLITICS
Authors: Darchashvili Manana 
Published: September 2020

Aim. Georgia has traditionally been a country of cultural diversity. Due to the proper political approach, Georgian authorities of all times have managed to successfully govern the peaceful coexistence of people of different nationalities and religions. It is true that in the post-Soviet period, there was some disagreement between the cultures inspired by external forces; however, generally, all the authorities made every effort to legally strengthen the inherited tolerant habit. The paper does not deal with the conflicts of ethnopolitical nature, staged by Russia. The mentioned issue is a part of the country’s domestic policy, which is important and still is relevant nowadays, therefore the paper aims to study the role of cultural diversity and tolerance in modern Georgian politics, the attitude to it, and how the country managed to preserve the centuries-old heritage.
Methods. Based on several empirical materials, various researched-studied documents, scientific papers, analysis of government documents, the use of the method of historicism is presented in the paper.
Results. The paper presents the current existing reality in Georgia in the field of cultural diversity and the effective steps of the state for the proper development of cultural diversity.
Conclusion. Modern Georgian politics is motivated to involve ethnic and religious minorities in the process of monitoring and implementing the Culture Policy Action Plan, based on the recent history and new current worldwide tendency, which will guarantee the establishment of a tolerant society and democracy in Georgia.