bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphitic Carbon Nitride Stabilized Water‐in‐Water Emulsions
Authors: Zhang Jianrui , Frank Bradley D. , Kumru Baris , Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAqueous multiphase systems have attracted a lot of interest recently espeically due to target applications in the biomedical field, cosmetics, and food. In turn, water‐in‐water Pickering emulsions are investigated frequently. In here, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) stabilized water‐in‐water Pickering emulsions are fabricated via the dextran and poly(ethylene glycol)‐based aqueous two‐phase system. Five different derivatives of g‐CN as the Pickering stabilizer are described and the effect of g‐CN concentration on droplet sizes is investigated. Stable emulsions (up to 16 weeks) are obtained that can be broken on purpose via various approaches, including dilution, surfactant addition, and most notably light irradiation. The novel approach of water‐in‐water emulsion stabilization via g‐CN opens up considerable advances in aqueous multiphase systems and may also introduce photocatalytic properties.
Microbiota profile and efficacy of probiotic supplementation on laxation in adults affected by Prader‐Willi Syndrome: A randomized, double‐blind, crossover trial
Authors: Alyousif Zainab , Miller Jennifer L. , Auger Jeremie , Sandoval Mariana , Piano Amanda , Tompkins Thomas A. , Dahl Wendy J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundProbiotics may provide a benefit for adults with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) experiencing constipation. The primary aim was to determine if Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis B94 (B. lactis B94) improves stool frequency, with secondary aims of stool form and gastrointestinal symptoms. Exploratory aims included diet quality and fecal microbiota composition.MethodsFollowing a 4‐week baseline, 25 adults with PWS were randomized to consume B. lactis B94 by capsule (15 billion) or placebo for 4 weeks, followed by 4‐week washout in a double‐blind, crossover design. Stool frequency and Bristol Stool Form (BSF) were assessed daily, and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and dietary intake (7‐days food records), per period. Fecal microbiota per period was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and taxa of interest by qPCR (n = 24).ResultsNo adverse events were reported. Stool frequency at baseline (n = 25; 2.0 ± 0.1 stools/day), GSRS syndromes, and microbiota composition did not differ with the probiotic intervention overall; however, a delayed, carry‐over effect on BSF types 6 and 7 was seen. Diet quality by HEI‐2015 was 65.4 ± 8.5.ConclusionIn adults with PWS, B. lactis B94 exhibited little effect on laxation over 4 weeks; however, further research is needed.
Reduction of breathing artifacts in multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography of the abdomen
Authors: Shahryari Mehrgan , Meyer Tom , Warmuth Carsten , Herthum Helge , Bertalan Gergely , Tzschätzsch Heiko , Stencel Lisa , Lukas Steffen , Lilaj Ledia , Braun Jürgen , Sack Ingolf 
Published: October 2020

PurposeWith abdominal magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) often suffering from breathing artifacts, it is recommended to perform MRE during breath‐hold. However, breath‐hold acquisition prohibits extended multifrequency MRE examinations and yields inconsistent results when patients cannot hold their breath. The purpose of this work was to analyze free‐breathing strategies in multifrequency MRE of abdominal organs.MethodsAbdominal MRE with 30, 40, 50, and 60 Hz vibration frequencies and single‐shot, multislice, full wave‐field acquisition was performed four times in 11 healthy volunteers: once with multiple breath‐holds and three times during free breathing with ungated, gated, and navigated slice adjustment. Shear wave speed maps were generated by tomoelastography inversion. Image registration was applied for correction of intrascan misregistration of image slices. Sharpness of features was quantified by the variance of the Laplacian.ResultsTotal scan times ranged from 120 seconds for ungated free‐breathing MRE to 376 seconds for breath‐hold examinations. As expected, free‐breathing MRE resulted in larger organ displacements (liver, 4.7 ± 1.5 mm; kidneys, 2.4 ± 2.2 mm; spleen, 3.1 ± 2.4 mm; pancreas, 3.4 ± 1.4 mm) than breath‐hold MRE (liver, 0.7 ± 0.2 mm; kidneys, 0.4 ± 0.2 mm; spleen, 0.5 ± 0.2 mm; pancreas, 0.7 ± 0.5 mm). Nonetheless, breathing‐related displacement did not affect mean shear wave speed, which was consistent across all protocols (liver, 1.43 ± 0.07 m/s; kidneys, 2.35 ± 0.21 m/s; spleen, 2.02 ± 0.15 m/s; pancreas, 1.39 ± 0.15 m/s). Image registration before inversion improved the quality of free‐breathing examinations, yielding no differences in image sharpness to uncorrected breath‐hold MRE in most organs (P> .05).ConclusionOverall, multifrequency MRE is robust to breathing when considering whole‐organ values. Respiration‐related blurring can readily be corrected using image registration. Consequently, ungated free‐breathing MRE combined with image registration is recommended for multifrequency MRE of abdominal organs.
Age‐related changes in appendicular lean mass in males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A retrospective review
Authors: Summer Suzanne S. , Wong Brenda L. , Rutter Meilan M. , Horn Paul S. , Tian Cuixia , Rybalsky Irina , Shellenbarger K. Courtney , Kalkwarf Heidi J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAppendicular lean mass (ALM) trajectory in males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has potential applicability for treatment and research and has not been characterized.MethodsThis chart review included longitudinal data on 499 males with DMD receiving glucocorticoids and 693 controls, ages 5 to 22.9 y. ALM (kg) was measured by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Appendicular lean mass index (ALMI, kg/m2) was calculated for height adjustment. Reference centiles were generated using data from healthy controls, and ALM and ALMI Z‐scores were calculated for patients with DMD. Generalized linear models were used to estimate median Z‐scores by age and functional mobility status (FMS) score. ALM velocity by age was modeled using superimposition, translation and rotation (SITAR).ResultsCompared to controls, males with DMD had lower ALM from an early age. ALMI Z‐scores dropped below 0 at age 8 y or FMS of 2, and below −2.0 at age 13 y or FMS of 3 (P < .05). Age at peak ALM velocity was similar in both groups, but the magnitude was higher in controls (3.5 vs. 0.7 kg/y, P < .0001). Patients with DMD had a transient loss of ALM around age 12 y, an increase at age 14 y, then a further decline at age 16 y, remaining low thereafter.ConclusionsMales with DMD have progressive decline in lean mass with age and worsening functional mobility. DXA measurement of ALM may be useful for monitoring lean mass status in patients with DMD, providing valuable information for individual treatment plans and research endeavors.
A retrospective review of the long term clinical outcomes of patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction following transverse myelitis
Authors: Knight Sarah Louise , Riley Claire , Wagh Yogit , Lee Frank , Shah Julian , Hamid Rizwan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTransverse myelitis (TM) is an inflammation of the spinal cord which causes neurological deficit in motor, sensory, and autonomic pathways. Persistent neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is common even where motor and sensory impairment is recovered. Long term follow‐up is required to ensure optimal bladder management and protection of the upper tracts. We describe the clinical outcomes for a cohort of patients with TM who have received neurourological follow‐up in a specialist center.MethodsA retrospective review of TM patient records was performed. Current pharmaceutical and surgical management, upper tract status, and patient reported symptoms are reported. Changes in urodynamic parameters and bladder emptying technique between current and baseline were analyzed.ResultsSixty patients with NLUTD following TM were identified. The mean age at onset of NLUTD was 29 years (0–77 years). The mean follow‐up was 13 years. 55% of patients were taking antimuscarinic medication, 53% of patients had intradetrusor botulinum toxin injections and 5% had bladder augmentation surgery. Forty‐one patients had a baseline and recent urodynamic study which could be compared. Fifty‐three of fifty‐eight patients with a recent renal ultrasound had normal renal appearance. Four had mild hydronephrosis and one more extensive hydronephrosis.ConclusionTM can have a persistent effect on lower urinary tract function. There is potential for upper tract damage if bladder management is not optimized. We have demonstrated that in a specialist neurourology unit within a tertiary center, one can provide acceptable long term outcomes following international guidelines.
Exploration of mandelicacid‐basedpolymethacrylates: Synthesis, properties, and stereochemical effects
Authors: Yarolimek Mark R. , Kennemur Justin G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMandelic acid (MA) was utilized as a chiral biomass‐based precursor to synthesize methacrylic monomers suitable for radical polymerization. A series of polymers were made that incorporated varying feeds of monomer stereopurity and the properties of these materials were investigated. High molar masses (>90 kg/mol) were achieved and the chirality in each polymer closely reflected the stereopurity of the monomer feeds. It was discovered that stereochemical effects had very little influence on the thermal and viscoelastic properties of the polymers produced, however, the steric bulk of the chiral pendants resulted in glassy, amorphous, and thermally stable materials with very low degrees of entanglement. The synthesis, thermal, and viscoelastic properties are discussed.
Quantum Fluctuations and New Instantons II: Quartic Unbounded Potential
Authors: Mukhanov V. F. , Rabinovici E. , Sorin A. S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study the fate of a false vacuum in the case of a potential that contains a portion which is quartic and unbounded. We first prove that an O(4) invariant instanton with the Coleman boundary conditions does not exist in this case. This, however, does not imply that the false vacuum does not decay. We show how the quantum fluctuations may regularize the singular classical solutions. This gives rise to a new class of O(4) invariant regularized instantons which describe the vacuum instability in the absence of the Coleman instanton. We derive the corresponding solutions and calculate the decay rate they induce.
English Learners’ Acquisition of Academic Vocabulary: Instruction Matters, but So Do Word Characteristics
Authors: August Diane , Uccelli Paola , Artzi Lauren , Barr Christopher , Francis David J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this cluster randomized control trial study, the authors explored the efficacy of an intervention designed to improve second‐grade English learners’ knowledge of challenging, high‐utility English vocabulary. The authors also examined whether the intervention had a differential effect on content words that differ on two attributes (cognate status and abstractness designation) and whether the effects lasted across time. Within schools, teachers were randomly assigned to treatment or control conditions, resulting in 12 treatment classrooms and 10 control classrooms. Teachers in the treatment condition developed vocabulary using six methods: interactive shared reading, direct instruction of individual words, instruction in cognate use, activities to foster word consciousness and reinforce instructed words, and use of visual and linguistic supports. Teachers in the control condition read the same books with the target vocabulary inserted into the stories. Findings on the curriculum‐based and standardized measure of vocabulary indicated that the intervention implemented for four 50‐minute lessons per week for 18 weeks was effective in helping English learners acquire challenging high‐utility school‐relevant vocabulary (Cohen’s d = 1.88 for content words; d = 0.41 for connecting words; d = 0.47 for the Test of Oral Language Development). The effects differed by word characteristics, with higher effect sizes for words that are noncognates (d = 1.57 for both concrete and abstract noncognates; d = 1.02 concrete cognates; d = 0.81 for abstract cognates). Ten months after the intervention, treatment students still outperformed control students on content vocabulary learned during the intervention (d = 1.31). This study helps validate a multifaceted approach to vocabulary intervention and research.
Window of opportunity for human amnion epithelial stem cells to attenuate astrogliosis after umbilical cord occlusion in preterm fetal sheep
Authors: Davidson Joanne O. , Heuij Lotte G. , Fraser Mhoyra , Wassink Guido , Miller Suzanne L. , Lim Rebecca , Wallace Euan M. , Jenkin Graham , Gunn Alistair J. , Bennet Laura 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There is increasing evidence that administration of many types of stem cells, including human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs), can reduce hypoxic-ischemic injury, including in the perinatal brain. However, the therapeutic window for single dose treatment is not known. We compared the effects of early and delayed intracerebroventricular administration of hAECs in fetal sheep at 0.7 gestation on brain injury induced by 25 minutes of complete umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) or sham occlusion. Fetuses received either 1 × 106 hAECs or vehicle alone, as an infusion over 1 hour, either 2 or 24 hours after UCO. Fetuses were killed for brain histology at 7 days post-UCO. hAEC infusion at both 2 and 24 hours had dramatic anti-inflammatory and anti-gliotic effects, including significantly attenuating the increase in microglia after UCO in the white and gray matter and the number of astrocytes in the white matter. Both protocols partially improved myelination, but had no effect on total or immature/mature numbers of oligodendrocytes. Neuronal survival in the hippocampus was increased by hAEC infusion at either 2 or 24 hours, whereas only hAECs at 24 hours were associated with improved neuronal survival in the striatum and thalamus. Neither protocol improved recovery of electroencephalographic (EEG) power. These data suggest that a single infusion of hAECs is anti-inflammatory, anti-gliotic, and neuroprotective in preterm fetal sheep when given up to 24 hours after hypoxia-ischemia, but was associated with limited white matter protection after 7 days recovery and no improvement in the recovery of EEG power.
Encapsulated Nanodroplets for Enhanced Fluorescence Detection by Nano‐Extraction
Authors: Li Miaosi , Cao Rong , Dyett Brendan , Zhang Xuehua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnhancement of the detection signal of fluorescence microscopy in highly diluted solutions is of great importance in chemical analysis, sensing, and bioassay applications. Surface nanodroplets with atto‐ to femto‐liter volumes are promising tools for sensitive online detection by integrating their extremely efficient nano‐extraction and optical advantages. In this paper, the development of novel basic units of nanodroplets‐in‐a‐microdroplet by simple solvent exchange is reported. The encapsulated nanodroplets are applied for ultrasensitive and online detection in fluorescence imaging. The biphasic nature of the droplet composite enables simultaneous extraction and enrichment of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds. Furthermore, the desirable lensing effect of the curved surface of the nanodroplets enhances the collection of light emitted from the fluorophore extracted in the droplets by ≈60‐fold, allowing sensitive and quantitative analysis of the fluorophore using fluorescence microscopy. The results highlight the potential of encapsulated nanodroplets as a simple and innovative method of signal enhancement in chemical analysis. By integrating selective concentration, extraction, and sensitive detection, the encapsulated nanodroplets reported here may have broad applications in many chemical and biological matrices.
1D/2D Heterostructured Photocatalysts: From Design and Unique Properties to Their Environmental Applications
Authors: He Zuoli , Zhang Jing , Li Xuan , Guan Shengnan , Dai Mingchong , Wang Shuguang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the progress of dissimilar dimensional materials, 1D and 2D materials have been extensively investigated as heterogeneous photocatalysts, which realize the unique dimensionality‐dependent advantages and mitigate the disadvantages during the environmental and sustainable energy applications. The progress in 1D/2D heterogeneous photocatalysts stems from the combination of different growth modes between 1D and 2D nanostructures and the judicious control to establish the oriented 1D/2D interface. To promote this field, it is necessary to gain insights into the interface engineering in the 1D/2D heterogeneous photocatalysts. This mini‐review summarizes the designed synthesis and application of dimensional heterogeneous photocatalysts from 1D and 2D materials. Some typical research to overview the advantages of different types of interface engineered 1D/2D heterogeneous photocatalysts for various photocatalytic processes is highlighted in detail. At last, this review ends by drawing on more design strategies for such 1D/2D heterogeneous photocatalysts, which may inspire further developments of efficient dissimilar dimensional heterogeneous photocatalysts.
Global Immunometabolic Profiling of AECOPD
Authors: Song Dongli , Liu Fangming , Zhu Bijun , Yin Jun , Kuang Zhongshu , Dong Zhimin , Yan Lei , Ye Ling , Zhang Yong , Song Zhenju , Wu Duojiao , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAcute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is a major public health issue. In the study, mass cytometry is used with extensive antibody panels to perform in‐depth immune profiling of samples from patients with AECOPD, acute lung infection(AI) and healthy controls. Immune composition of 11 populations including CD4/CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells, and others is identified. Significantly, 7 T cell subsets are changed among the three groups. Then RNA sequencing at single cell level is further processed to provide a detailed peripheral T cell immunity of AECOPD. Combined analysis suggests that dysfunctional effector T cells in AECOPD are characterized with suppressed mitochondria, dampened mTOR activity, and IFN‐γ production. Furthermore, targeting mTOR pathway synergized the PD‐1 blockade therapy promotes T cell glycolysis and IFN‐γ production. The study presents an in‐depth immunometabolic atlas of AECOPD.
Metal–Organic Framework Derived Fe7S8 Nanoparticles Embedded in Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon with Lithium and Sodium Storage Capability
Authors: Li Huihua , Ma Yuan , Zhang Huang , Diemant Thomas , Behm R. Jürgen , Varzi Alberto , Passerini Stefano 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIron sulfides are promising materials for lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries owing to their high theoretical capacity and widespread abundance. Herein, the performance of an iron sulfide‐carbon composite, synthesized from a Fe‐based metal–organic framework (Fe‐MIL‐88NH2) is reported. The material is composed of ultrafine Fe7S8 nanoparticles (<10 nm in diameter) embedded in a heteroatom (N, S, and O)‐doped carbonaceous framework (Fe7S8@HD‐C), and is obtained via a simple and efficient one‐step sulfidation process. The Fe7S8@HD‐C composite, investigated in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether‐based electrolytes as anode material for lithium and sodium batteries, shows high reversible capacities (930 mAh g−1 for lithium and 675 mAh g−1 for sodium at 0.1 A g−1). In situ X‐ray diffraction reveals an insertion reaction to occur in the first lithiation and sodiation steps, followed by conversion reactions. The composite electrodes show rather promising long‐term cycling stability and rate capability for sodium storage in glyme electrolyte, while an improved rate capacity and long‐term cycling stability (800 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 A g−1) for lithium can be achieved using conventional carbonates.
A graph‐based convolutional neural network stock price prediction with leading indicators
Authors: Wu Jimmy Ming‐Tai , Li Zhongcui , Srivastava Gautam , Tasi Meng‐Hsiun , Lin Jerry Chun‐Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe stock market is a capitalistic haven where the issued shares are transferred, traded, and circulated. It bases stock prices on the issue market, however, the structure and trading activities of the stock market are much more complicated than the issue market itself. Therefore, making an accurate prediction becomes an intricate as well as highly difficult task. On the other hand, because of the potential benefits of stock prediction, it attracts generation after generation of scholars as well as investors to continuously develop various prediction methods from different perspectives, a myriad of theories, a multitude of investment strategies, and different practical experiences. In this article, aiming at the task of time series (financial) feature extraction and prediction of price movements, a new convolutional novel neural network that can be called a framework to improve the prediction accuracy of stock trading is proposed. The method that is proposed is called SSACNN, a short form of stock sequence array convolutional neural network. SSACNN collects data including historical data of prices and its leading indicators (options/futures) for a stock to take an array as the input graph of the convolutional neural network framework. In our experimental results, five Taiwanese and American stocks were used as a benchmark to compare with the previous algorithms and proposed algorithm, the motion prediction performance of SSACNN has been improved significantly and proved that it has the potential to be applied in the real financial market.
Internationalization strategies of emerging market multinationals in luxury fashion retailing—Case study of Shandong Ruyi Group
Authors: Bai Huifeng , He Weijing , Shi Jin , McColl Julie , Moore Christopher 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article aims to examine internationalization strategies of emerging market multinationals (EMNCs) in luxury fashion retailing via their motives, direction, and entry modes. Through the case study of the Shandong Ruyi Group, data were collected using 10 in‐depth executive interviews between 2018 and 2019. The research finds that the internationalization of EMNCs in luxury fashion retailing is predominantly motivated by proactive factors, including the vision to develop to a global luxury fashion conglomerate, and the ambition to control the whole value chain from sourcing, to manufacturing and retailing. The international expansion direction in terms of production is strategic and driven by resource availability and production capability, and in terms of distribution was opportunist but is increasingly strategic. High cost entry modes are preferred, including internal organic growth, external expansion strategies such as mergers and acquisitions, and strategic alliances with a majority of equity, because of the high degree of control.