bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Transfer Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde with Alcohol on Amorphous TiO2 Catalysts: Competitive Adsorption between H2O and Carbonyl
Authors: Qiao Simeng , Liu Xuechen , Zhou Yuanyi , Wang Haipeng , Zhang Ling , Wang Wenzhong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReduced amorphous TiO2 (A‐TiO2), with high coverage of electrons and protons on its surface, supplies a steady‐state condition for selective hydrogenation reaction. Generally, there are some complex hydrogenation reaction products ascribed to the presence of multiple adsorption modes of cinnamaldehyde (CAL). In our work, the saturated aldehyde (∼48%) and unsaturated alcohol (52%) coexist in the products with a ratio of near 1 : 1, while the saturated alcohol is not produced in the reaction. Furthermore, the presence of H2O could suppress the adsorption of the C=O group while the C=C group could be strongly adsorbed on the surface of A‐TiO2, which results in the high selectivity of HCAL (∼84%). We explain these results by proposing a reaction mechanism with several adsorption modes of CAL affected by the solvents. This discovery also puts forward a new method for promoting the selectivity of COL by removing the H2O in the reaction system.
Cobalt Oxide Nanocubes Encapsulated in Graphene Aerogel as Integrated Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shao Jinxiao , Xiao Jinghao , Wang Yihan , Zhou Hu , Yuan Aihua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe development of metal oxides as anodes of lithium‐ion batteries is severely limited because of their poor conductivity and serious volume expansion during the cycles. This work focuses on the improvement of electronic conductivity and cycle stability of metal oxides. The nanocubes of Prussian blue analogues are firstly encapsulated in the network of graphene aerogel (GA), and then the Co3O4@GA composites are synthesized after the subsequent calcination treatment. The resulting products are used as free‐standing and high‐performance anodes of LIBs, and the optimal electrode delivers a specific capacity of 624 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles together with a good cycle stability. The extraordinary lithium‐storage performances can be ascribed to the synergistic interaction between metal oxides and GA substrate. The incorporation of GA improves the electrode conductivity and alleviates the aggregation and volume expansion of metal oxide particles upon cycling, whereas cobalt oxides contribute a high specific capacity.
Constructing Pure Phase Tungsten‐Based Bimetallic Carbide Nanosheet as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Jianpo , Ren Bowen , Cui Hao , Wang Chengxin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCarbides are commonly regarded as efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts, but their poor oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic activities seriously limit their practical application in overall water splitting. Here, vertically aligned porous cobalt tungsten carbide nanosheet embedded in N‐doped carbon matrix (Co6W6C@NC) is successfully constructed on flexible carbon cloth (CC) as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting via a facile metal–organic framework (MOF) derived method. The synergistic effect of Co and W atoms effectively tailors the electron state of carbide, optimizing the hydrogen‐binding energy. Thus Co6W6C@NC shows an enhanced HER performance with an overpotential of 59 mV at a current density of −10 mA cm−2. Besides, Co6W6C@NC easily in situ transforms into tungsten actived cobalt oxide/hydroxide during the OER process, serving as OER active species, which provides an excellent OER activity with an overpotential of 286 mV at a current density of −10 mA cm−2. The water splitting device, by applying Co6W6C@NC as both the cathode and anode, requires a low cell voltage of 1.585 V at 10 mA cm−2 with the great stability in alkaline solution. This work provides a feasible strategy to fabricate bimetallic carbides and explores their possibility as bifunctional catalysts toward overall water splitting.
Semicentralized voltage control method using SVR based on past voltage measurements in distribution network
Authors: Murakami Kohei , Yoshizawa Shinya , Ishii Hideo , Hayashi Yasuhiro , Kondo Hiroshi , Kanazawa Yuki , Nomura Hideo , Kajikawa Takuya 
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we propose a semicentralized voltage control method utilizing past voltage measurements obtained with sensors in a distribution network (DN) to improve the voltage control performance of a single‐step voltage regulator (SVR). In this method, the SVR basically performs autonomous voltage control referring to the control parameter, the reference voltage, but the parameter is updated with a specific interval via communication. To determine a time series of the reference voltage using the past voltage measurements, the simple averaging method and the probabilistic weighting method are considered. The effect of these methods on the voltage control performance is evaluated with a power flow simulation using a realistic 6.6 kV DN model with photovoltaic systems. The results show that the proposed semicentralized SVR control with these advanced parameter‐updating methods dramatically mitigate voltage violation compared to the conventional SVR operation in which the constant reference voltage is used for 1 year. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
COVID-19 und die Geschichte der sozialwissenschaftlichen Katastrophenforschung
Authors: Stehrenberger Cécile Stephanie 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag ist Teil des Forums COVID-19: Perspektiven in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften. Mit Blick auf die sozialwissenschaftliche Katastrophenforschung des Kalten Krieges als Herkunftsort und als historisches Vergleichsmoment beschäftigt sich der Artikel mit der bisherigen sozialwissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit der COVID-19-Krise. Er behandelt erstens, wie die Rolle von sozialer Ungleichheit erörtert wird, zweitens die Idee der Katastrophe als „große Enthüllerin“ und drittens das Verhältnis von Katastrophenwissenschaft, Öffentlichkeit und Politik.
Single grain grinding: a novel approach to model the interactions at the grain/bond interface during grinding
Authors: Denkena Berend , Bouabid Abdelhamid , Kroedel Alexander 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe influence of the bond on grinding processes remains one uncertainty in the investigation of grinding tool behavior. Among others, this is due to the lack of knowledge about the interactions between the grain/bond interface and the grinding process loads. Understanding these interactions allows for further process development by adjusting the bond to the grinding application. The interactions at the grain/bond interface during grinding depend on the single grain thermomechanical loads as well as the tool properties. This paper presents an approach to provide the boundary conditions which are needed to model the interactions at the grain/bond interface. The machining of tungsten carbide with a bronze-bonded diamond tool is considered as use case. For this purpose, a novel kind of tool extracted from the grinding layer that serves to quantify the loads affecting the active grains and consequently their grain/bond interfaces during grinding is developed. The results of different grain orientations are plotted in a so-called Acudiagram, which gives an overview of the mechanical loads for different grain orientations and chip thickness values, as they occur during grinding due to the stochastic orientation and distribution of the abrasive grains in the grinding tool. It is shown that depending on the engagement conditions, the single grain-cutting force can reach up to 300 N by chip thickness values of 20 μm, which implies different wear behavior of the active grains.
Unique Ergodicity for a Class of Stochastic Hyperbolic Equations with Additive Space-Time White Noise
Authors: Tolomeo Leonardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a certain class of second order nonlinear PDEs with damping and space-time white noise forcing, posed on the d-dimensional torus. This class includes the wave equation for $$d=1$$

d
=
1

and the beam equation for $$d\le 3$$

d
≤
3

. We show that the Gibbs measure is the unique invariant measure for this system. Since the flow does not satisfy the strong Feller property, we introduce a new technique for showing unique ergodicity. This approach may be also useful in situations in which finite-time blowup is possible.
Local Anaesthesia Alone Versus Regional or General Anaesthesia in Excisional Haemorrhoidectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Xia Weisi , MacFater Hoani S. , MacFater Wiremu S. , Otutaha Bacil F. , Barazanchi Ahmed W. H. , Sammour Tarik , Hill Andrew G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundExcisional haemorrhoidectomy has been traditionally performed under general or regional anaesthesia. However, these modes are associated with complications such as nausea, urinary retention and motor blockade. Local anaesthesia (LA) alone has been proposed to reduce side effects as well as to expedite ambulatory surgery. This systematic review aims to assess LA versus regional or general anaesthesia for excisional haemorrhoidectomy.MethodsA systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases were searched to 13 January 2020. All randomised controlled trials comparing LA only versus regional or general anaesthesia in patients who received excisional haemorrhoidectomy were included. The main outcomes included pain, adverse effects and length of stay.ResultsNine trials, consisting of six studies comparing local versus regional anaesthesia and three comparing LA versus general anaesthesia, were included. Meta‐analysis showed a significantly lower relative risk for need of rescue analgesia (RR 0.32 [95% CI 0.16–0.62]), intra‐operative hypotension (RR 0.17 [95% CI 0.04–0.76]), headache (RR 0.13 [0.02–0.67]) and urinary retention (RR 0.17 [95% CI 0.09–0.29]) for LA when compared with regional anaesthesia. There was mixed evidence for both regional and general anaesthesia in regard to post‐operative pain.ConclusionsLA alone may be considered as an alternative to regional anaesthesia for excisional haemorrhoidectomy with reduced complications and reduction in the amount of post‐operative analgesia required. The evidence for LA compared to general anaesthesia for haemorrhoidectomy is low grade and mixed.
Train‐Associated Injuries Pose a Significant Burden on Trauma Care Systems of Emerging Economies
Authors: Bagaria Dinesh Kumar , Banerjee Niladri , Gupta Amit , Kumar Subodh , Mishra Biplab , Choudhary Narendra , Kumar Abhinav , Priyadarshini Pratyusha , Sagar Sushma , R.M.Pandey  
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Indian railway system is the fourth largest in the world and causes about 15 deaths every day, due to intentional or unintentional reasons. This study presents a 5‐year retrospective analysis of patients injured due to train‐associated events, managed at a level‐1 trauma center in India.Materials and methodsHospital‐based trauma registry data of train‐associated injuries presenting between 2012 and 2016 were analyzed. Data from 726 patients were analyzed for demographics, injury events, injury regions, their management and outcomes. ISS and NISS were used to quantify the injury severity.ResultsMean age was 33 years, with male‐to‐female ratio 86 to 14%. The majority of patients (62%) were between 20–40 years. The median ISS was 9 (IQR 4–16), median hospital stays 11 days (IQR6‐23), with in‐hospital mortality of 17.4%. Presence of head injury; ISS > 9 and CPR in ED were independent risk factors of mortality. Trespassers on the rail track had significantly more severe injuries compared to passengers (Median ISS 13 vs. 9, p = 0.012; Median NISS 22 vs.17, p = 0.015); however, mortality and hospital length of stay were not significantly different. Location of injury event (on platform or tracks) showed no difference between the severity of injuries, mortality and hospital length of stay.ConclusionsCurrent study reports comprehensive injury patterns and outcomes of train‐associated injuries from a low‐ and middle‐income country (LMIC). Apart from the mortality, there is a high incidence of permanent disabilities from extremity amputations. No significant difference was noted in the severity and outcomes among patients injured on or off train platforms, emphasizing the need for comprehensive safety measures including enforcement and promoting safe behavior not only on locations like train tracks but equally at platforms.
Real-world risk assessment and treatment initiation among patients with myelofibrosis at community oncology practices in the United States
Authors: Verstovsek Srdan , Yu Jingbo , Kish Jonathan K. , Paranagama Dilan , Kaufman Jill , Myerscough Callan , Grunwald Michael R. , Colucci Philomena , Mesa Ruben 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMyelofibrosis (MF) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm with a prevalence of 4 to 6 per 100,000 people in the USA. Treatment recommendations are risk-adapted. This study was conducted to evaluate how physicians risk-stratify patients at the time of MF diagnosis, the accuracy of the risk stratification, and its effect on treatment selection. Medical charts were reviewed at US community hematology/oncology practices in the Cardinal Health Oncology Provider Extended Network; patient clinical characteristics, risk stratification, and treatment data were collected. Physician-assigned risk categorizations were compared with data-derived risk categorizations based on the International Prognostic Scoring System, the system recommended at diagnosis. A total of 491 patients diagnosed with MF between 2012 and 2016 (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 65.4 [11.8] years; 54.8% male, 69.2% with primary MF) were included. Risk categorization was not assigned for 30.1% of patients. Of the patients with a physician-assigned risk categorization (n = 343), a scoring system was used in 49.9%. Compared with data-derived risk categorizations, 42.9% of physician-assigned risk categorizations were incorrect; 85.0% of incorrect physician-assigned risk categorizations were underestimations. Notably, 38.5% of patients with data-derived intermediate- or high-risk categorizations did not initiate treatment within 120 days of diagnosis. Among patients with data-derived intermediate risk, those with an underestimated physician-assigned risk categorization were significantly less likely to receive treatment within 120 days of diagnosis (51.6% with correct physician-assigned categorization vs 18.5% with underestimated risk categorization; P = 0.0023). These results highlight the gap in risk assessment and the importance of accurate risk stratification at diagnosis.
Distribution patterns of tau pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Kovacs Gabor G. , Lukic Milica Jecmenica , Irwin David J. , Arzberger Thomas , Respondek Gesine , Lee Edward B. , Coughlin David , Giese Armin , Grossman Murray , Kurz Carolin , McMillan Corey T. , Gelpi Ellen , Compta Yaroslau , van Swieten John C. , Laat Laura Donker , Troakes Claire , Al-Sarraj Safa , Robinson John L. , Roeber Sigrun , Xie Sharon X. , Lee Virginia M.- Y. , Trojanowski John Q. , Höglinger Günter U. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a 4R-tauopathy predominated by subcortical pathology in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendroglia associated with various clinical phenotypes. In the present international study, we addressed the question of whether or not sequential distribution patterns can be recognized for PSP pathology. We evaluated heat maps and distribution patterns of neuronal, astroglial, and oligodendroglial tau pathologies and their combinations in different clinical subtypes of PSP in postmortem brains. We used conditional probability and logistic regression to model the sequential distribution of tau pathologies across different brain regions. Tau pathology uniformly predominates in the neurons of the pallido-nigro-luysian axis in different clinical subtypes. However, clinical subtypes are distinguished not only by total tau load but rather cell-type (neuronal versus glial) specific vulnerability patterns of brain regions suggesting distinct dynamics or circuit-specific segregation of propagation of tau pathologies. For Richardson syndrome (n = 81) we recognize six sequential steps of involvement of brain regions by the combination of cellular tau pathologies. This is translated to six stages for the practical neuropathological diagnosis by the evaluation of the subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, striatum, cerebellum with dentate nucleus, and frontal and occipital cortices. This system can be applied to further clinical subtypes by emphasizing whether they show caudal (cerebellum/dentate nucleus) or rostral (cortical) predominant, or both types of pattern. Defining cell-specific stages of tau pathology helps to identify preclinical or early-stage cases for the better understanding of early pathogenic events, has implications for understanding the clinical subtype-specific dynamics of disease-propagation, and informs tau-neuroimaging on distribution patterns.
IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome
Authors:   on behalf of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association, Trautmann Agnes , Vivarelli Marina , Samuel Susan , Gipson Debbie , Sinha Aditi , Schaefer Franz , Hui Ng Kar , Boyer Olivia , Saleem Moin A , Feltran Luciana , Müller-Deile Janina , Becker Jan Ulrich , Cano Francisco , Xu Hong , Lim Yam Ngo , Smoyer William , Anochie Ifeoma , Nakanishi Koichi , Hodson Elisabeth , Haffner Dieter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIdiopathic nephrotic syndrome newly affects 1–3 per 100,000 children per year. Approximately 85% of cases show complete remission of proteinuria following glucocorticoid treatment. Patients who do not achieve complete remission within 4–6 weeks of glucocorticoid treatment have steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). In 10–30% of steroid-resistant patients, mutations in podocyte-associated genes can be detected, whereas an undefined circulating factor of immune origin is assumed in the remaining ones. Diagnosis and management of SRNS is a great challenge due to its heterogeneous etiology, frequent lack of remission by further immunosuppressive treatment, and severe complications including the development of end-stage kidney disease and recurrence after renal transplantation. A team of experts including pediatric nephrologists and renal geneticists from the International Pediatric Nephrology Association (IPNA), a renal pathologist, and an adult nephrologist have now developed comprehensive clinical practice recommendations on the diagnosis and management of SRNS in children. The team performed a systematic literature review on 9 clinically relevant PICO (Patient orPopulation covered,Intervention,Comparator,Outcome) questions, formulated recommendations and formally graded them at a consensus meeting, with input from patient representatives and a dietician acting as external advisors and a voting panel of pediatric nephrologists. Research recommendations are also given.
A local input-to-state stability result w.r.t. attractors of nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations
Authors: Dashkovskiy Sergey , Kapustyan Oleksiy , Schmid Jochen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe establish the local input-to-state stability of a large class of disturbed nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations w.r.t. the global attractor of the respective undisturbed system.
Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis regimen in brain tumour surgery in Sweden: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Skyrman Simon , Bartek Jiri , Haghighi Maryam , Fornebo Ida , Skoglund Tomas , Jakola Asgeir Store , von Vogelsang Ann-Christin , Förander Petter 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
There has been varied clinical practice concerning antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing craniotomy. In Sweden, both Cloxacillin and Cefuroxime have frequently been used. We aimed to study the clinical effectiveness of these two regimens.

Methods
A quasi-experimental design was used. The sample consisted of 580 adult (> 18 years) patients operated 2012–2015, of which 375 received Cloxacillin (pre-intervention group) and 205 received Cefuroxime (intervention group). Primary endpoint was the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) 12 months after surgery, while secondary endpoints were the need for reoperation due to SSI, the amount antibiotics used and the number of visits in the outpatient clinic related to SSI. A control group from another institution was reviewed to rule out clinical trial effects.

Results
When analysed by intention to treat, the pre-intervention group had a significant higher incidence of SSI, 13.3% (50/375) vs 5.4% (11/205) in the intervention group (p < 0.01). A treatment per protocol analysis confirmed the result. The number of reoperations due to SSI were significantly reduced in the intervention group, 3.4% (7/205) vs 8.3% (31/375) (p = 0.02), as was the total antibiotic use (p = 0.03) and the number of visits in the outpatient clinic (p < 0.01). In the control group, the reoperation rate as result of SSI was lower (p = 0.02) prior to the opposite change from Cefuroxime to Cloxacillin, 1.8% (27/1529) vs 3.1% (43/1378).

Conclusion
In Sweden, Cefuroxime as prophylaxis in brain tumour surgery by craniotomy seems to be superior to Cloxacillin.
Mental health dished up—the use of iPSC models in neuropsychiatric research
Authors: McNeill Rhiannon V. , Ziegler Georg C. , Radtke Franziska , Nieberler Matthias , Lesch Klaus-Peter , Kittel-Schneider Sarah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGenetic and molecular mechanisms that play a causal role in mental illnesses are challenging to elucidate, particularly as there is a lack of relevant in vitro and in vivo models. However, the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has provided researchers with a novel toolbox. We conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA statement. A PubMed and Web of Science online search was performed (studies published between 2006–2020) using the following search strategy: hiPSC OR iPSC OR iPS OR stem cells AND schizophrenia disorder OR personality disorder OR antisocial personality disorder OR psychopathy OR bipolar disorder OR major depressive disorder OR obsessive compulsive disorder OR anxiety disorder OR substance use disorder OR alcohol use disorder OR nicotine use disorder OR opioid use disorder OR eating disorder OR anorexia nervosa OR attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder OR gaming disorder. Using the above search criteria, a total of 3515 studies were found. After screening, a final total of 56 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in our study. Using iPSC technology, psychiatric disease can be studied in the context of a patient’s own unique genetic background. This has allowed great strides to be made into uncovering the etiology of psychiatric disease, as well as providing a unique paradigm for drug testing. However, there is a lack of data for certain psychiatric disorders and several limitations to present iPSC-based studies, leading us to discuss how this field may progress in the next years to increase its utility in the battle to understand psychiatric disease.