bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Like water after days in the desert”
Authors: Elpidorou Andreas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
By presenting empirical findings on the character of boredom and its relationship to self-regulation, the chapter advances a theoretical account of the emotional state of boredom that highlights its significance for our everyday lives. It argues that the experience of boredom is of great value to us. Not only does boredom inform us of the presence of an unsatisfactory situation, it also motivates us to pursue new goals and situations when our current goals and situations cease to be satisfactory, attractive, or meaningful to us. The chapter shows how boredom can help us discover and engage with activities that are congruent to our projects. Boredom, the chapter concludes, ought to be understood as a regulatory state capable of promoting activities that are in line with our wishes and values.
A Question of Inequality
Authors: Moreau Sophia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter One, “A Question of Inequality,” argues that complaints of wrongful discrimination are best understood as claims that one has been treated as the inferior of others, rather than as their equal. It then introduces the question that the book will answer: When we disadvantage some people relative to others on the basis of certain traits, when and why do we wrong them by failing to treat them as the equals of others? The author discusses monist theories of why discrimination wrongs people—that is, theories that trace the wrongness of discrimination to some single feature in all cases—and argues that such theories are problematic, and that we need to look instead for a pluralist theory. The author discusses a number of challenges facing pluralist theories, and explains how the theory elaborated in this book will address these challenges. The chapter also includes a detailed discussion of the relevance of the law to our moral thought about why discrimination is wrong, and a discussion of the importance of using real examples with real claimants. The author argues that particularly because the different wrongs involved in wrongful discrimination depend on the background social context, hypothetical examples that have no background social context will not help us assess what is wrongful about wrongful discrimination. Moreover, hypothetical examples risk leaving in place misunderstandings about the groups that have historically faced wrongful discrimination and who have not been given a voice. If we are to understand the situation of these groups, we need to try to take their perspective and learn from their actual experiences.
Access to Basic Goods
Authors: Moreau Sophia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter Four, “Access to Basic Goods,” turns to a third way in which discriminatory practices can wrong people: they can leave them without access to resources or social institutions that are “basic” in the sense that access to them is necessary for these people if they are to participate fully and equally in their society. The author explains that to identify a good as “basic” in this sense is not to claim that it is objectively good or that it is necessary for all groups in that society. The author argues that certain goods can be seen as basic only from the perspective of the person or group who lacks that good, and that it is therefore very important to look to the discriminatee’s particular situation, needs, and values. The chapter then explains the importance of this form of wrongful discrimination and gives examples of cases that are best understood in this way, including the fight for same sex marriage and for women’s freedom to breastfeed in public. The author also argues that there is a distinctive kind of wrongness involved when discrimination leaves someone without access to a basic good, different from the wrongs explored in other chapters of the book.
Basic Concepts and Strategies of Inquiry
Authors: Jobani Yuval , Perez Nahshon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 1 presents the conceptual and methodological tools that are required for this study. Section A examines the prevailing definitions of toleration in order to identify one that is specifically suitable for our subject matter—that is, contested sacred sites. This examination leads us to suggest a novel political definition of toleration. Section B situates our discussion of toleration at contested sacred sites within the framework of political and legal debates over the place of religion in public spaces. Section C proposes the concept of “thick sites” as a tool for encapsulating and investigating the distinct features of contested sacred sites. By using this concept, we aim to clarify the nature of such sites and the reasons for intractable conflicts that are often associated with them. Section D presents our contextual methodology and the rationale for developing a typology of governance models for contested sacred sites.
Taking Risks and Forming Identity
Authors: Patricia Herzog 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 4 explains how exploring and forming a personal and social identity is vital to navigating college. This chapter advises students to exercise personal agency in making key decisions during college, while cautioning students to appreciate the difficulty of these choices and to pay attention to the practicality of different available options. Students learn that one key to college success is taking ownership of learning, and gaining exposure to a variety of course subjects and options for majors in order to decide which is the best fit for their pathway.
Resiliency in the Face of Setbacks
Authors: Patricia Herzog 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 focuses on resiliency, or how students can bounce back from different challenges to build a successful college career. The chapter shows that having challenging experiences during college is a valuable way to build resiliency for life after college. College presents the opportunity to reflect on earlier experiences in families, cultures, groups, and within organizations. For students, reflecting on how their backgrounds affect current choices is crucial for shaping a personal and professional story that can guide important choices while in college, help frame personal statements, and point toward potential career paths after graduation.
The Schools
Authors: Andere Eduardo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, principals and teachers talk about the new changes in school education, pedagogy, and curriculum; it discusses what they understand about them and how they are implementing the phenomenon-based and integrative learning ideas. Principals and teachers talk about the future of school education as well. They address how Finland is changing in education; how they are changing; how they are implementing the new curricula; and what they like and do not like about the new paths. The chapter also shows—through the lens of 14 case studies—the new learning environments in the twenty-first century from the architectural, pedagogical, and digital points of view. The 14 school stories might show a future of education in the world’s schools. The chapter divides the narrative of visits to schools into two main sections, background and interview. For most schools, there are more sections as the information provided by principals and teachers allowed describing in greater detail the learning environments in each school.
Change is Hard but Not Impossible
Authors: Harrison Brian F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 7 summarizes the main points of the book and reiterates concrete, actionable steps to encourage rational and clear thinking when it comes to political discussion. It also reflects on the successes of the LGBT community and allies in terms of opinion change, focusing on three important components: visibility and closeness, message and tone, and diversity. While it may seem that we are in constant and vigorous disagreement, there are many things we share in common, including a desire to stop the contentiousness and vitriol in American politics. The concluding chapter includes a summary of the entire book, highlighting how to use tools like data and information, emotion, interpersonal trust, and shared identities to promote meaningful and productive discussion about sometimes difficult political issues.
Strategic Surveying for Driving Organizational Change
Authors: Paul Karen B. , Fenlason Kristofer J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The practice of strategic surveying unquestionably demands that practitioners possess technical mastery and fluency with the scientific underpinnings of survey research. But success also depends on the ability to carry out this science within a live business context. Embracing change and creatively responding to the organization’s needs, culture, and leader styles are critical skills for practitioners. This chapter explores strategic surveying through the less often chronicled, storied lessons learned across the careers of the two authors. Their experiences indicate that success can be facilitated by building on past lessons and best practices, adapting to the present, and creating a new future.
How Did We Do?
Authors: McCune Elizabeth A. , Johnson Sarah R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of survey benchmark data, including where and how to access external survey benchmarks, what to consider when evaluating survey benchmarks, and a glimpse into the future of survey benchmarks. Practitioners are encouraged to evaluate the quality of benchmarks by considering both the generalizability of the sample used to generate the benchmarks as well as the comparability and relevance of benchmark items. Practitioners are also encouraged to consider how benchmarks can be used to drive action, where they might provide the most useful context, and the compromises and trade-offs required in the use of benchmarks.
Things Come Together
Authors: Rotberg Robert 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Africa was falling apart. But now it is coming together, and Africa and Africans are achieving greatness. The twenty-first century is significant for every African. In Things Come Together, Robert Rotberg extols the successes and explains the struggles. Rotberg is one of the world’s foremost authorities on African politics and society, and in this book he synthesizes his knowledge of the continent into a concise overview of the current state of Africa and where it is headed. To that end, Rotberg considers Africa’s myriad peoples as contributors in their separate nations to the continent’s ultimate destiny.The continent is experiencing explosive population growth and rapidly urbanizing. How are African states managing this epochal shift? He looks at how Africa’s nations are governed, ranging from states with autocratic kleptocrats to democratized regimes that have made progress in achieving economic growth and battling corruption. He then turns to African economies, looking at growth levels, productivity, and persistent corruption. He concludes by covering the effects of war, health care, wildlife management, varieties of religious belief, education, technology diffusion, and the character of both city and village life in this ever-evolving region. Throughout this sweeping work, Rotberg deftly moves readers across the continent, from Nigeria to South Africa, from Kenya to Uganda, to name but a few. While there are cross-continent commonalities related to governance, demographics, and economic performance, he shows the unique national variations of who and what is African.
Governance, Politics, Democracy
Authors: Rotberg Robert I. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
High quality leadership everywhere, but especially in Africa, creates good governance. In turn, good governance enables positive outcomes for citizens: enhanced security and safety, economic growth, solid infrastructures, access to speedy broadband, educational opportunities, the availability of clean water, advanced public health treatments and capable care, elevated standards of living, freedoms of speech and assembly, respect for human rights, and a variety of other political and social attainments that are only possible when the governed benefit from accomplished and responsive government. Governance is performance, the delivery of quantities and qualities of essential services by a constituted authority that controls territory, whether at the municipal, the provincial, or the national level. Centuries ago governments—constituted bodies of authority—replaced sovereigns. Citizens subsequently expected, sometimes demanded, that their new governing bodies provide ever better and broader kinds of services. Constituents at various points refused merely to be organized by, dictated to, and taxed from above, by a governing authority. Their expectations grew as taxation became more of a transaction and less of an imposition. Ultimately, a sense of social contract took hold: the modern state could govern only if it won the consent of the governed and, in return, if it met the needs and desires of the inhabitants within its governmental orbit.
The China Factor
Authors: Rotberg Robert I. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Solving Africa’s central concerns of the mid-twenty-first century—how to grow economically as its population surges and how to create more and more jobs for its burgeoning labor force—relies on China. Likewise, enabling Africa to improve its human security and human welfare in most of its component nations depends on China. Third, strengthening Africa’s infrastructural architecture depends mostly on China. Without steady domestic Chinese economic growth and the behemoth’s consequent continued need for primary resources derived from Africa, however, prospects for many of the latter continent’s nation-states are, at best, problematic. Chinese demand drives African prosperity, raises world prices for primary products, and has made it possible for a number of the polities of Africa to accumulate wealth, to uplift their peoples, and to begin to play larger roles on the world’s stage. In this decade, and later, Africa and China are bound together synergistically in ways that cannot readily be replaced by trade, aid, or attention from the United States, India, Russia, Brazil, or Europe.
Ending Midlife Bias
Authors: Jecker Nancy S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We live at a time when human lifespans have increased like never before. As average lifespans stretch to new lengths, how does this impact the values we hold most dear? Do these values change over the course of our ever-increasing lifespans? Ending Midlife Bias argues that at different life stages, different values emerge as central. During early life, caring and trust matter more, given human vulnerability and dependency. By early adulthood, growing independence provides a reason to value autonomy more. Later in life, heightened risk for chronic disease and disability warrants focusing on maintaining capabilities and keeping dignity intact. Part I (Chapters 1–5) sets forth a conceptual framework that captures these shifting life stage values. Chapter 1 argues against the privileging of midlife values (midlife bias) and explains why population aging lends urgency to identifying values for later life. Chapters 2 and 3 introduce dignity as a central concern for older adults and argue that respecting dignity requires supporting central human capabilities. Chapter 4 explores the metaphor of life as a story, which serves as a corrective for midlife bias by keeping attention on the whole of life. Chapter 5 sets forth principles for age group justice. Part II (Chapters 6–12) turns to practical concerns, including geriatric and pediatric bioethics (Chapter 6); caregiving by family members, migrant workers, and robots (Chapters 7 and 8); ageism in clinical trials, healthcare allocation, and mandatory retirement (Chapter 9); and ethics at the end-of-life (Chapter 10). The closing chapters explore the future of population aging (Chapter 11) and make a pitch for life stage sensitive moral theory (Chapter 12).
Justice between Old and Young
Authors: Jecker Nancy S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 shifts from asking which values matter for individuals to asking which matter for groups of people at different ages. It addresses age group justice by proposing principles of relational equality, capability sufficiency, and reparations. It defends these principles by appealing to human dignity and central human capabilities. The chapter asks how to deploy justice principles over time; it argues for honoring capability sufficiency at each moment of a person’s life, while permitting inequalities at time slices that even out over the course of a person’s life. The chapter interrogates fair-innings arguments that discount later life and exposes values inherent in viewing life as a rule-governed game. It juxtaposes the metaphors of life as a game with life as a narrative, and argues for a narrative approach.
Who Cares?
Authors: Jecker Nancy S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 7 asks who will meet the growing demand for long-term care services as the proportion of care-dependent older adults increases. It explores meeting demand by relying on family caregivers and migrant workers and raises justice concerns with each related to respect for caregiver dignity. Dignity violations arise for family caregivers in both Confucian-influenced societies, which stress filial piety, and Western societies, which emphasize individual autonomy. Chapter 7 argues that families are subject to justice principles and defends feminist views on families, which regard just family structures as necessary for a just state. Hiring low-wage migrant workers from poor nations to support family caregiving also raises justice concerns. When care moves across borders, forging global care chains between nations, the conditions in which migrant caregivers live and work often fail to uphold dignity. Without safeguards to avoid bait-and-switch tactics and protect fundamental human dignities, migrant work violates justice principles.
Ageism
Authors: Jecker Nancy S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 9 explores how ageism and midlife bias find expression in allocating life-saving medical care, selecting subjects for clinical trials, and mandating retirement. Subtle expressions of ageism and midlife bias include epistemic justice, internalized ageism, and elderspeak. Around the globe, ageism is not always directed to older people. We review and rebut the chief arguments for old age-based discrimination, including fair innings, cost-benefit analysis, and complete lives egalitarianism. We raise concerns about using age as a proxy, which can foster ageist attitudes. We show that a common form ageism takes is facially neutral policies that systematically disadvantage older adults. The chapter examines “the puzzle of age discrimination,” which is the tendency to oppose race and sex discrimination more strongly than age discrimination and argues that this tendency is unjustified. We rebut age discrimination by appealing to justice between generations, fair subject selection, and respect for dignity.
Contextualizing Niebuhr
Authors: Moore Gregory J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter traces Niebuhr’s biography and his intellectual development through the Liberal Protestantism he embraced early in his life (as well as the reasons for his disavowal of it), to the Marxism he embraced in the face of 1930s Detroit Fordism (and the reasons he later disavowed it too), and finally his Christian Realism and the global context to which he applied that worldview, a worldview he held during his most influential years. It also charts his positions on the major foreign policy issues of his day, from U.S. policy in World War I to the 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria, to World War II, to the Cold War and its various episodes such as the Korean and Vietnam wars, as well as his views on race and other major political issues of the time.
Niebuhrian Takeaways for the West Regarding the Twenty-first Century Rise of China
Authors: Moore Gregory J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores Niebuhr’s writings on China and asks what Niebuhr might have said about China’s spectacular rise as an economic power in the twenty-first century. Included are a discussion of what Niebuhr did say about China in his lifetime (1892–1971) and a consideration of Niebuhr’s views of and strategies for dealing with America’s major competitor in the last century (the USSR), followed by a discussion of what factors would be most important in considering how Westerners should view China’s rise today, from a Niebuhrian perspective. In sum, although Niebuhr was a defensive Realist like Henry Kissinger, he would be quite hawkish toward China today, parting ways with the dominant Kissingerian approach to China. This would not be because of latent material power/structures, but because of Niebuhr’s stress on human nature, ideology, and regime types, which in this case Niebuhr would argue make today’s China a potentially dangerous power.
The Musicianship of the Nashville Cats
Authors: Stimeling Travis D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
At the height of the Nashville Sound era, the city’s session musicians were widely celebrated for their ability to hear new musical compositions, construct “head arrangements” of those songs, and execute improvised arrangements with great precision. This story—although certainly true in the broadest sense—obscures valuable detail about the musical backgrounds, abilities, and tastes of Nashville’s session musicians, in effect normalizing their diverse skill sets by treating them as interchangeable cogs in a record-production machine. This chapter examines the musicianship of Nashville Sound–era session musicians, following ethnomusicologist Henry Kingsbury’s (1988) observation that discourses about musicianship reveal the values and ideologies that a given music culture celebrates and replicates. This chapter, therefore, explores the myriad ways that Nashville Sound–era session musicians learned the fundamentals of music theory, utilized existing notional traditions and developed new ones, and negotiated work in recording sessions in which multiple kinds of musicianship were at play.
Musical Branding, Artist Identity, and the Nashville Sound
Authors: Stimeling Travis D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Many writers have treated the Nashville Sound as a single, monolithic style characterized by smooth background vocals, reverberant lead vocals, and sparing instrumental accompaniments. Yet, in a 1991 interview, prolific Nashville session guitarist Harold Bradley observed that “[w]hen people say the Nashville Sound, you know, singularly, I think they’re wrong, because it should be plural. Everybody that’s heavy has had their sound. . . .” Drawing upon Mark Samples’s (2012) work on musical branding, this chapter examines the ways that record producers, session musicians, and recording artists used the musical resources of Nashville’s recording studios to develop signature sounds that helped listeners identify their favorite singers on recordings and radio. Moreover, building upon recent work on the development of all-country radio during the 1960s, this chapter argues that musical brands may have played an essential role in maintaining listener attention, thereby ensuring the success of the new format.
Watchdog
Authors: Cordray Richard 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Growing problems in the increasingly one-sided consumer finance markets blew up the economy in 2008. In the aftermath, Congress created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Using stories of individual consumers, Watchdog shows how the bureau quickly became a powerful force for good, suing big banks for cheating or deceiving consumers, putting limits on predatory lenders, simplifying mortgage paperwork, safeguarding the mortgage market and the economy, and stepping in to help solve problems raised by individual consumers. It tells a hopeful story of how the American system can be reformed by putting government back on the side of the people, to strengthen families, safeguard the marketplace, and establish a new baseline of fairness in democratic society.