bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effectiveness of remineralization preparations used in paediatric dentistry practices
Authors: Tatar Emine , Toptancı İsmet Rezani 
Published: January 2020

Aim: The goal of preventive dentistry is to intervene prior to the formation of dental caries. This study evaluated the remineralization effects of fluoride varnish, casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphates (CPP-ACP) and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium fluoride phosphates (CPP-ACFP) cream, and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) varnish.
Materials and Methodology: Samples with early artificial caries lesions were randomly divided into the following 5 groups with 20 samples in each group: (I) control, (II) fluoride varnish, (III) CPP-ACP cream, (IV) CPP-ACFP cream and (V) TCP varnish. The effectiveness of these remineralization agents was evaluated using a laser fluorescence device (DIAGNOdent), a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).
Results: In the pre- and post-treatment evaluations, the DIAGNOdent remineralization measurements were statistically significant in all the groups, except the control group (p < 0.05). In comparison with the DIAGNOdent measurements, the CPP-ACFP group was found to have significantly higher remineralization than the fluoride group (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were found between the other groups (p > 0.05). The EDX analysis evaluated the Ca/P ratio between the groups. These results indicated that the CPP-ACFP group was significantly higher than the control group, the CPP-ACP group and the TCP group (p < 0.05); no significant differences were found between the CPP-ACFP group and the fluoride group (p > 0.05). In SEM imaging, the most extensive mineral accumulation was observed in the CPP-ACFP group.
Conclusion: Three analytical methods demonstrated that CPP-ACFP was the most effective remineralization material tested in this study.

How to cite this article: Tatar E, Toptancı İR. Evaluation of the effectiveness of remineralization preparations used in paediatric dentistry practices. Int Dent Res 2019;9(3):138-44.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Haematological Profile in the Oil Producing Localities of Imo State, South-East, Nigeria
Authors: Jibiri Nnamdi N. , Eke Benedict C. 
Published: January 2020

Aim: To determine if oil exploration and production in Ohaji/Egbema and Oguta LGAs have resulted in carcinogenic effects for a specific lifetime from exposures since our secondary data have shown a high percentage of cancer cases from the two LGAs.
Study Design: This was a comparative study aimed at determining whether oil exploration and production in the selected LGAs had resulted in carcinogenic effects for a specific lifetime.
Place and Duration of Study: Ohaji/Egbema, Oguta, Mbaitoli and Onuimo LGAs, Imo State, Nigeria, between June 2014 and August 2018.
Methodology: Haematological estimations were carried out at Silver Press Laboratory, Owerri, Nigeria. The Neubauer counting chamber was used in red blood cell count after the addition of red blood cell diluting fluid. The Neubauer counting chamber was used in white blood cell count after the addition of Turk solution. The platelet was also counted using the Neubauer counting chamber. The differential white blood cells were counted manually after smearing the Leishman’s stained drop of blood onto a glass slide. Olympus CX21FS1 Binocular Microscope was used to examine all blood samples.
Results: The oil-producing LGAs recorded 89% clinically diagnosed leukaemic cases while the non-oil producing LGAs recorded 11% and all results correlated strongly (r = 0.997) with the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu Cancer Registry data.
Conclusion: Overall results have indicated a high level of contamination and exposure in the oil-producing localities.
Proximate Compositions and Bioactive Compounds of Cultivated and Wild Auricularia auricular from Northeastern China
Authors: Shan Hong , Dong Sun Xiang , Chun Yang Huan , Yuan Liu Fang , Wang Bing , Chai Li , Luan Jun 
Published: January 2020

Auricularia auricular is a traditional Chinese edible and medicinal fungus containing several bioactive compounds that have been proven to possess various healing effects. Around 98% of the global yield is provided by China and Heilongjiang province produces more than 52% of the total yield for the country. Meanwhile, Auricularia auricular harvested in this province is very famous for its superior quality. However, chemical compositions and bioactive compounds of Auricularia auricular grown in this region have not yet been investigated.
Proximate compositions and bioactive compounds in 36 cultivated and wild Auricularia auricular samples collected from Northeastern China were compared and analyzed. The average contents of protein, fat, fiber, ash, moisture, polysaccharide, total saccharide, and total flavonoid were determined to be 11.42%, 1.46%, 5.45%, 3.85%, 13.30%, 38.91%, 47.37%, and 2.18 mg 100 g-1, respectively. Amino acid compositions and nutritive element contents were also detected. Results showed that no significant difference exists for protein, fat, fiber, ash, moisture, polysaccharide, and total saccharide contents between wild and cultivated A. auricular samples. While wild A. auricular samples contained over three times more content than cultivated samples. Some varieties with high calcium and iron contents were found in this study. White A. auricular was determined to have a very high fiber content of 16.39%.
This study reveals proximate compositions and bioactive compounds of cultivated and wild Auricularia auricular from Northeastern China and people will benefit from our results due to the special nutrition and bioactive compounds of Auricularia auricular harvested in this region.
A MOF Glass Membrane for Gas Separation
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Jin Hua , Ma Qiang , Mo Kai , Mao Haizhuo , Feldhoff Armin , Cao Xingzhong , Li Yanshuo , Pan Fusheng , Jiang Zhongyi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMetal–organic framework (MOF) glasses are promising candidates for membrane fabrication due to their significant porosity, the ease of processing, and most notably, the potential to eliminate the grain boundary that is unavoidable for polycrystalline MOF membranes. Herein, we developed a ZIF‐62 MOF glass membrane and exploited its intrinsic gas‐separation properties. The MOF glass membrane was fabricated by melt‐quenching treatment of an in situ solvothermally synthesized polycrystalline ZIF‐62 MOF membrane on a porous ceramic alumina support. The molten ZIF‐62 phase penetrated into the nanopores of the support and eliminated the formation of intercrystalline defects in the resultant glass membrane. The molecular sieving ability of the MOF membrane is remarkably enhanced via vitrification. The separation factors of the MOF glass membrane for H2/CH4, CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 mixtures are 50.7, 34.5, and 36.6, respectively, far exceeding the Robeson upper bounds.
Single‐Site, Single‐Metal‐Atom, Heterogeneous Electrocatalyst: Metal–Organic‐Framework Supported Molybdenum Sulfide for Redox Mediator‐Assisted Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Noh Hyunho , Yang Ying , Zhang Xuan , Goetjen Timothy A. , Syed Zoha H. , Lu Zhiyong , Ahn Sol , Farha Omar K. , Hupp Joseph T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSynthesis of single‐site catalysts, whereby the local structure and surrounding chemical environments are identical, has been challenging, particularly in heterogeneous catalysis, as the support often presents spectrum of chemically distinct binding sites. Yet, the above criteria are crucial in attributing the apparent catalytic performance to the structural motif. The presented work augments on our previous work using monometallic molybdenum sulfide tethered within a zirconium‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF), NU‐1000; the monometallic nature enables all presented sites to be catalytically addressable. As the molybdenum sulfide species resided within two distinct pores (micro‐ and mesopores) of the MOF support, we have imparted uniformity in the local chemical environment by reducing the pore heterogeneity down to a single mesopore. Single‐site and single‐atom nature of the candidate catalyst was established via X‐ray diffraction measurements. Redox mediators were implemented, which, under reductive potentials, provide reduced species; they can effectively deliver the necessary reducing equivalences to the catalytic units that can otherwise not be addressed electrochemically due to the low electron mobility within the framework. Our results indicate the micropore‐allocated molybdenum sulfide is approximately four times more active as that in mesopores, whereas its catalytic mechanism is identical, underscoring the importance of controlling chemical environment beyond the active site.
Study on the movement characteristics of the overlying stratum and surrounding rock control in ultraclose coal seams: A case study
Authors: Zhu Liu , Yao Qiangling , Xia Ze , Wang Weinan , Li Xuehua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn Fucun Coal Mine, the average spacing between the 3upper coal seam (UCS) and 3lower coal seam (LCS) is only 6 m. In the process of mining upper coal, the lower roadway (LR), which is 60 m away from upper pillar, becomes unstable. In order to control the surrounding rock of lower roadway, a physical model experiment and a 3D numerical calculation were performed in this study. The results of physical similarity simulation experiment show that mining of longwall face in UCS will lead to fracturing of key layers at a high elevation (KLHE) far away from the coal seam. The expanded goaf area caused large‐scale fracturing and rotation of the KLHE, which resulted in significant strata pressure behavior in LR. The numerical calculation results show that the LR should be within 19 m of the coal pillar. Finally, a plan which includes a proper location and a supporting system was proposed. The feasibility of the proposed plan is verified by an industrial application.
Effect of Arctic clouds on the ice‐albedo feedback in midsummer
Authors: Choi Yong‐Sang , Hwang Jiwon , Ok Jung , Park Doo‐Sun R. , Su Hui , Jiang Jonathan H. , Huang Lei , Limpasuvan Ty 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Arctic clouds should be an important factor that affects the summertime sea ice. By reflecting the incoming solar radiation before it reaches the surface, the Arctic clouds may prevent the surface from absorbing tremendous solar radiation due to the reduced sea ice. This cloud effect will lead to intervene the feedback relation between the solar radiation and the sea ice change. However, few studies have quantitatively investigated the Arctic cloud effect on the ice‐albedo feedback. This study found that the Arctic clouds regulate the melting speed of sea ice in midsummer months (June to August) based on the data from multiple sources, that is, satellite, reanalysis, and climate models. During this period, the fraction of Arctic clouds with the net radiative cooling effect is almost invariable with sea ice reduction. However, despite of the steady cloud fraction in the midsummer months, the shortwave cloud radiative effect (total‐sky minus clear‐sky absorbed shortwave radiation) was found to significantly increase with the reduced sea ice concentration (0.64 W m−2%−1 in CERES, 0.73 W m−2%−1 in ERA5). This is because the clouds present more contrast of albedo with the sea ice‐free ocean than the sea ice‐covered ocean. Finally, our analyses show that the Arctic clouds are nearly halving the strength of the ice‐albedo feedback in the midsummer months. These results imply that the sea ice reduction could have been much faster in the past decades in the absence of the cloud effect found here.
The effects of forest thinning on understory diversity in China: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Xiankun , Li Yanan , Zhang Jing , Peng Shouzhang , Chen Yunming , Cao Yang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractForest management has been widely used to maintain and improve multiple ecosystem services. However, large‐scale synthesis of the effects of forest management on understory diversity, especially regarding the effects of thinning, has not been well represented in China. Therefore, we synthesized 146 peer‐reviewed publications and conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the response of understory diversity (species richness) and seven related variables to forest thinning in China. Overall, forest thinning significantly increased shrub diversity by 28% and herb diversity by 24%. Unthinned diversity and recovery time were the two most important drivers of understory diversity. When the unthinned diversity was low, a decline of understory species richness in managed stands could occur, which may be related to the size of the regional species pool. Rather than the recovery time of 1–2 years after forest thinning, the period of 3–5 years after thinning found the greatest diversity improvement. The northern arid and semiarid ecological domains observed the greatest diversity improvement, which may be due to the specific characteristics in this ecological domain. The coniferous forest was more favorable for understory improvement than in the broadleaved forest. Specific mechanisms on how disturbance (thinning intensity) affect understory diversity need to be further explored. No significant influences of stand stage or sampling quadrat area could be identified. Our study provides a synthetic review of the effects of forest thinning on understory diversity in China and may benefit forest management strategies. Future studies should address changes in compositional or functional diversity after thinning.
Characterization of the core microbiome in tobacco leaves during aging
Authors: Zhou Jiaxi , Yu Lifei , Zhang Jian , Zhang Xiaomin , Xue Yuan , Liu Jing , Zou Xiao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicrobiome plays an important role during the tobacco aging process which was an indispensable link in the production and processing of cigarettes. However, the structure and functions of microbiome have not been clarified during the tobacco aging process. In this study, 16S rDNA and ITS amplicon sequencing techniques were used to analyze the core microbiome of 15 tobacco samples from five different aging stages. The whole bacterial microbiome was classified into 29 microbial phyla and 132 orders. Enterobacteriales (63%), Pseudomonadales (16%), Sphingomonadales (8%), Xanthomonadales (4%), Burkholderiales (4%), Rhizobiales (3%), and Bacillales (2%) comprised the core bacterial microbiome. The whole fungal microbiome was classified into five microbial phyla and 52 orders. Incertae_sedis_Eurotiomycetes (27%), Wallemiales (25%), Sporidiobolales (17%), Capnodiales (5%), Eurotiales (2%), an unclassified Ascomycota (12%), and an unidentified Eurotiomycetes (4%) comprised the core fungal microbiome. FAPROTAX function prediction suggested that the core microbiome has a substantial potential for the carbon cycle, nitrate metabolism, aromatic compound degradation, chitinolysis, cellulolysis, and xylanolysis, but simultaneously, the core microbiome is also a source of human pathogens. The dynamics of the bacterial community were primarily determined by the total nitrogen in tobacco leaves during the aging process, while those of the fungal microbiome were primarily determined by total organic carbon. This study indicated that the core microbiome activities may play an important role in regulating the loss of carbon organic compounds and enhancing the secondary metabolites during tobacco leaves aging process.
Very Late‐Onset Niemann Pick Type C Disease: Example of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Look‐Alike Disorder
Authors: Kresojević Nikola , Mandić‐Stojmenović Gorana , Dobričić Valerija , Petrović Igor , Brajković Leposava , Stefanova Elka , Svetel Marina , Kostić Vladimir 
Published: January 2020

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In vivo characterization of skeletal muscle function in nebulin‐deficient mice
Authors: Gineste Charlotte , Ogier Augustin C. , Varlet Isabelle , Hourani Zaynab , Bernard Monique , Granzier Henk , Bendahan David , Gondin Julien 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe conditional nebulin knockout mouse is a new model mimicking nemaline myopathy, a rare disease characterized by muscle weakness and rods within muscle fibers. We investigated the impact of nebulin (NEB) deficiency on muscle function in vivo.MethodsConditional nebulin knockout mice and control littermates were studied at 10 to 12 months. Muscle function (force and fatigue) and anatomy (muscles volume and fat content) were measured in vivo. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition and nebulin (NEB) protein expression were assessed by protein electrophoresis.ResultsConditional nebulin knockout mice displayed a lower NEB level (−90%) leading to a 40% and 45% reduction in specific maximal force production and muscles volume, respectively. Nebulin deficiency was also associated with higher resistance to fatigue and increased MHC I content.DiscussionAdult nebulin‐deficient mice displayed severe muscle atrophy and weakness in vivo related to a low NEB content but an improved fatigue resistance due to a slower contractile phenotype.
Rural Trauma Team Development Course Instills Confidence in Critical Access Hospitals
Authors: Bauman Zachary M. , Loftus John , Hodson Alex , Farrens Ashley , Shostrom Valerie , Summers Jessica , Phillips Paige E. , Evans Charity H. , Schlitzkus Lisa L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeThe American College of Surgeons’ Rural Trauma Team Development Course (RTTDC) was designed to help rural hospitals optimize a team approach to trauma management recognizing the need for early transfer. Little literature exists on the success of RTTDC achieving its objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of RTTDC on rural trauma team members.MethodsRTTDC was hosted at seven rural hospitals. A pre‐course 30‐question Likert survey gauging confidence managing trauma patients was administered to participants. Four weeks following, participants received a post‐course survey with corresponding Likert questions and 11 trauma knowledge‐based questions. Chi‐square, Fisher's exact tests and general linear models were utilized. Statistical significance is set as p < 0.05.Results111 participants completed the pre‐course survey; 53 (48%) completed the post‐course survey. Results presented on a 5‐point Likert scale with 1 = “not at all comfortable” to 5 = “extremely comfortable.” Participants knowing their role in the trauma team improved by 16% (p = 0.02). Familiarity with the roles of other trauma team members was significantly improved (3.4 vs. 4.15; p < 0.01). Participants comfort with resuscitating trauma patients and managing traumatic brain injury significantly improved (3.29 vs. 3.69; p = 0.01 and 2.62 vs. 3.14; p = 0.004, respectively). Comfortability communicating with the regional trauma center improved significantly (3.64 vs. 4.19; p = 0.004). Participant decision to transfer trauma patients within 15 min of arrival improved by 3.2%. Participants answered 82% of the knowledge‐based questions correctly.ConclusionRTTDC instills confidence in providers at rural hospitals. The information taught is well retained, allowing for quality care and timely patient transfer to the nearest trauma center.
The Effect of Powder Characteristics on Build Quality of High-Purity Tungsten Produced via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)
Authors: Field A. C. , Carter L. N. , Adkins N. J. E. , Attallah M. M. , Gorley M. J. , Strangwood M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTwo high-purity tungsten powders, producedviadifferent manufacturing techniques, were characterized to determine size distribution, morphology, thermal properties, and flow characteristics and, thus, the likely suitability for Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) production. Specimens from duplicate builds were produced with the two powders and characterized for density, defect mechanisms, and thermal penetration into the substrate plate to compare apparent power densities. The first powder was a chemically reduced powder with irregular morphology and the second, a plasma spheroidized powder with highly spherical morphology. The latter was found to have tighter morphological control and size distribution, having a third of particles at the modal particle size in comparison to a fifth of the chemically reduced powder. This led to better flow characteristics, and an increase of 1.5 g cm−3(1500 kg m−3) in the packing densities seen in the powder bed which corresponds to 57 pct theoretical densityvs50 pct theoretical density in the chemically reduced powder. As a result, the specimens produced from the plasma spheroidized powder had higher densities (97.3vs88.5 pct) and the dominant defect mechanism moved from lack of fusion dominated in the chemically reduced powder to cracking dominated in the plasma spheroidized. The plasma spheroidized powder also showed higher apparent power densities (effective absorptivities) as evidenced by an 80 pct deeper penetration of the laser into the substrate plate.
Studies on the Acculturation of Young Refugees in the Educational Domain: A Scoping Review of Research and Methods
Authors: Maehler Débora B. , Pötzschke Steffen , Ramos Howard , Pritchard Paul , Fleckenstein Johanna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGiven that children and adolescents constitute a growing and significant share of forced migrants worldwide, assessing the state of research on and the methods used to study the acculturation of this group is both timely and essential. The acculturation of refugee children and adolescents in host countries occurs primarily within educational institutions and through the acquisition of the language of the new host society. This scoping review of peer-reviewed journal articles published between 1987 and 2016 (N = 192 eligible studies) examined the extent to which individual-level factors (e.g., gender, age) and contextual factors (e.g., country of residence) emphasized by acculturation models have been considered in research involving young refugees in the educational domain. In addition, the research designs and methods applied in these studies were evaluated, and content analysis was performed to examine whether individual-level factors considered in the sample of studies were related to educational outcomes of young refugees. Overall, the review revealed that very few studies provided adequate information on sample composition, or considered individual and contextual factors, thus leaving crucial gaps in the knowledge about the acculturation of young refugees. Guidelines for future research are proposed to remedy the identified research deficits.
Coping Power Universal for middle school students: The first efficacy study
Authors: Muratori Pietro , Bertacchi Iacopo , Catone Gennaro , Mannucci Francesca , Nocentini Annalaura , Pisano Simone , Lochman John E. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe present study examined the efficacy of the universal prevention version of the Coping Power Program in reducing behavioral and emotional problems and in promoting prosocial behaviors in middle‐school classrooms.MethodsThe study used a randomized control study design; and the sample included 839 middle‐school Italian youths (411 males), attending 40 middle‐school classrooms. The students were in seventh or eighth grade, and they had an average age of 13.24 years (SD = .65; range 12–14 years). Ninety students were Africans, the rest were Caucasian. Teachers and parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, before and after intervention. We used the 24‐session universal prevention adaptation of Coping Power, which aims to improve children's emotional regulation and social problem‐solving skills.ResultsLinear mixed models and effect sizes indicated that behaviors improved as a result of the Coping Power intervention. Specifically, the program was effective in reducing internalizing problems and increasing prosocial behaviors.ConclusionsThe Coping Power Universal effectively adapts an existing evidence‐based program, and is believed to be a useful strategy also to improve social emotional skills in middle‐school students.