bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Susceptibility to COVID‐19
Authors: Chandan Joht Singh , Zemedikun Dawit Tefra , Thayakaran Rasiah , Byne Nathan , Dhalla Samir , Acosta‐Mena Dionisio , Gokhale Krishna M. , Thomas Tom , Sainsbury Christopher , Subramanian Anuradhaa , Cooper Jennifer , Anand Astha , Okoth Kelvin O. , Wang Jingya , Adderley Nicola J. , Taverner Thomas , Denniston Alastair K. , Lord Janet , Thomas G. Neil , Buckley Christopher D. , Raza Karim , Bhala Neeraj , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Haroon Shamil 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo identify whether active use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increases susceptibility to developing suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) compared to the use of other common analgesics.MethodsWe performed a propensity score–matched cohort study with active comparators, using a large UK primary care data set. The cohort consisted of adult patients age ≥18 years with osteoarthritis (OA) who were followed up from January 30 to July 31, 2020. Patients prescribed an NSAID (excluding topical preparations) were compared to those prescribed either co‐codamol (paracetamol and codeine) or co‐dydramol (paracetamol and dihydrocodeine). A total of 13,202 patients prescribed NSAIDs were identified, compared to 12,457 patients prescribed the comparator drugs. The primary outcome measure was the documentation of suspected or confirmed COVID‐19, and the secondary outcome measure was all‐cause mortality.ResultsDuring follow‐up, the incidence rates of suspected/confirmed COVID‐19 were 15.4 and 19.9 per 1,000 person‐years in the NSAID‐exposed group and comparator group, respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios for suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 among the unmatched and propensity score–matched OA cohorts, using data from clinical consultations in primary care settings, were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.62–1.10) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.57–1.11), respectively, and adjusted hazard ratios for the risk of all‐cause mortality were 0.97 (95% CI 0.75–1.27) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.61–1.20), respectively. There was no effect modification by age or sex.ConclusionNo increase in the risk of suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 or mortality was observed among patients with OA in a primary care setting who were prescribed NSAIDs as compared to those who received comparator drugs. These results are reassuring and suggest that in the absence of acute illness, NSAIDs can be safely prescribed during the ongoing pandemic.
System analysis of the bio‐based economy in Colombia: A bottom‐up energy system model and scenario analysis
Authors: Younis Ahmed , Benders René , Delgado Ricardo , Lap Tjerk , Gonzalez‐Salazar Miguel , Cadena Angela , Faaij André 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe transition to a sustainable bio‐based economy is perceived as a valid path towards low‐carbon development for emerging economies that have rich biomass resources. In the case of Colombia, the role of biomass has been tackled through qualitative roadmaps and regional climate policy assessments. However, neither of these approaches has addressed the complexity of the bio‐based economy systematically in the wider context of emission mitigation and energy and chemicals supply. In response to this limitation, we extended a bottom‐up energy system optimization model by adding a comprehensive database of novel bio‐based value chains. We included advanced road and aviation biofuels, (bio)chemicals, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), and integrated biorefinery configurations. A scenario analysis was conducted for the period 2015–2050, which reflected uncertainties in the capacity for technological learning, climate policy ambitions, and land availability for energy crops. Our results indicate that biomass can play an important, even if variable, role in supplying 315–760 PJ/y of modern bio‐based products. In pursuit of a deep decarbonization trajectory, the large‐scale mobilization of biomass resources can reduce the cost of the energy system by up to 11 billion $/year, the marginal abatement cost by 62%, and the potential reliance on imports of oil and chemicals in the future. The mitigation potential of BECCS can reach 24–29% of the cumulative avoided emissions between 2015 and 2050. The proposed system analysis framework can provide detailed quantitative information on the role of biomass in low carbon development of emerging economies. © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Monitoring der Gerbergelenke im Erhaltungsprojekt Grenzbrücke Basel
Authors: Schuler Harald , Meier Florian , Trost Burkhart 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDie Überwachung (Monitoring) von Bauwerken kann einen Betrag dazu leisten, Schäden rechtzeitig zu erkennen und mehr Sicherheit für die Nutzer von Infrastrukturbauwerken zu schaffen [1–3]. Dabei ist es sinnvoll, ausgewählte neuralgische Punkte des Tragwerks zu überwachen, um die Datenmenge nicht zu groß werden zu lassen und die Übersichtlichkeit zu erhalten. Sensoren können zusätzliche Informationen über Zustand, Einwirkungen oder Umwelteinflüsse (z. B. Temperaturverformungen) eines Bauwerks zur Verfügung stellen. Im Rahmen des hier beschriebenen Erhaltungsprojekts, Grenzbrücke Basel, wurden die Gerbergelenke im Bereich der Konsolbänke durch nachträglich eingebrachte und vorgespannte diagonale Zugstangen verstärkt. An diesem neuralgischen Punkt des Tragwerks wurden faseroptische Dehnungs‐ und Temperatursensoren auf den Verstärkungsstäben installiert, um mehr Informationen über die Beanspruchung der Zugstangen zu erhalten. Ein Warnsystem konnte für den Fall einer Überbeanspruchung des Gerbergelenks installiert werden. Dieser Aufsatz stellt das Konzept des Überwachungssystems, die installierte faseroptische Messtechnik und die Kalibrierung durch die Überfahrt von definiert beladen LKW vor.
Do microenvironmental changes disrupt multicellular organisation with ageing, enacting and favouring the cancer cell phenotype?
Authors: Castillo Simon P. , Keymer Juan E. , Marquet Pablo A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCancer is a singular cellular state, the emergence of which destabilises the homeostasis reached through the evolution to multicellularity. We present the idea that the onset of the cellular disobedience to the metazoan functional and structural architecture, known as the cancer phenotype, is triggered by changes in the cell's external environment that occur with ageing: what ensues is a breach of the social contract of multicellular life characteristic of metazoans. By integrating old ideas with new evidence, we propose that with ageing the environmental information that maintains a multicellular organisation is eroded, rewiring internal processes of the cell, and resulting in an internal shift towards an ancestral condition resulting in the pseudo‐multicellular cancer phenotype. Once that phenotype emerges, a new local social contract is built, different from the homeostatic one, leading to tumour formation and the foundation of a novel local ecosystem.
Corporate environmental reporting: Are French firms compliant with the Task Force on Climate Financial Disclosures' recommendations?
Authors: Demaria Samira , Rigot Sandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article deals with the practices of French corporate environmental disclosure with a focus on climate‐related risks. In particular, it aims to analyse the compliance of CAC 40 firms with the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate‐related Financial Disclosures (2017), an international initiative made up by Financial Stability Board to enhance financial transparency. On the basis of a content analysis of firms' reference documents spanning 2015–2018, we constructed the Climate Compliance Index (CCI) to evaluate whether firms disclose information on climate risks and opportunities about governance, strategy, risk management and metrics. Our results highlight a gradual increase of the CCI despite disparities across sectors and management areas. The content analysis allows us to develop a set of indicators frequently reported by domain and to identify and define climate risks and opportunities and their financial impacts per sector, which is a first step to improve the disclosure of non‐financial information.
PhyCoVIS: A visual analytic tool of physical coordination for cheer and dance training
Authors: Guo Hong , Zou Shanchen , Lai Chuying , Zhang Hongxin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProcessing and analyzing dance videos are important in the application of online cheer leading and dance training for physical coordination measurement. However, it is challenging for users to evaluate a massive amount of uploaded video, to precisely quantize and compare dance moves, and to visualize training results. To overcome these challenges, we propose a visualization‐driven approach for analyzing dance videos. We first encode extracted video frames into a set of heat maps via neural network, which calculates a skeleton structure for pose estimation with enhanced post‐processing to help capture dance moves. A subsequent pose similarity method allows users to quantize differences between student training videos and the standard one. Finally, an interactive visualization tool enables users and domain experts to interactively analyze the quality of dance moves along the time line. We demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of our proposed tool using case studies involving physical coordination research.
Recent Advancement on Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell and Water Electrolysis
Authors: Mandal Mrinmay 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHighly conductive anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are one of the few requirements to produce high power during fuel cell operation and for efficient hydrogen production through water electrolysis. The use of chemically stable and cheap AEMs with platinum group metal (PGM)‐free catalysts is suitable for reducing the overall cost of hydrogen production and fuel cell operation. The in situ durability of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) and anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) for several hundred hours is necessary for the widespread application of fuel cell and water electrolysis technologies. This Minireview highlights the best results reported recently in alkaline membrane fuel cells and water electrolysis. The achievable AEMFCs performances are noteworthy using Pt‐free anode and cathode electrocatalysts. Remarkable durability in AEMFCs is witnessed, although the durability is a concern for AEMWEs. Moreover, the current challenges and future directions of AEMFCs and AEMWEs are briefly summarized.
Influence of the Ir content and the support on the thiotolerance of the Ir/SiO2‐Al2O3 catalysts for selective ring opening of decalin
Authors: D'Ippolito Silvana A. , Ballarini Adriana D. , Rosas Santiago M. , Pirault‐Roy Laurence , Especel Catherine , Epron Florence , Pieck Carlos L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe influence of Ir content on sulphur tolerance for the selective ring opening of decalin was investigated. Ir/SiO2‐Al2O3 catalysts (70 wt% and 80 wt% SiO2) were used. In the absence of sulphur, slight differences were observed on the yields according to the metallic content regardless of the support used. Although the results of cyclopentane hydrogenolysis showed that the metallic function acquires importance as the metal content increases, for these metal percentages the acid function limits the rate of decalin opening reaction. Products distribution are strongly modified using decalin with S content compared to pure decalin. The formation of dehydrogenated products is virtually null due to S adsorbed on the metal sites. The support has low influence on the thiotolerance. The results, related to the amount of S per Ir surface atom, showed that for a moderate S content (S/Irsurf ∼ 0.30), 1.5 Ir/Sy appears to be less poisoned than 1Ir/Sy and 2Ir/Sy.
Higher prevalence of pulmonary macrothrombi in SARS‐CoV‐2 than in influenza A: autopsy results from ‘Spanish flu’ 1918/1919 in Switzerland to Coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Burkhard‐Koren Nina Maria , Haberecker Martina , Maccio Umberto , Ruschitzka Frank , Schuepbach Reto A , Zinkernagel Annelies S , Hardmeier Thomas , Varga Zsuzsanna , Moch Holger 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSimilar to the influenza A pandemic in 1918/1919, the new Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has spread globally. The causes of death in COVID‐19 are frequently compared to a seasonal influenza outbreak. Complete COVID‐19 autopsy studies were almost non‐existent in the first months of the outbreak and are still rare with respect to the number of deaths. It has been recently reported that capillary microthrombi are significantly more prevalent in patients with COVID‐19 than in patients with influenza A. To date, the contribution of macrothrombi, i.e. visible thrombi in pulmonary arteries, to the death of patients with influenza A in comparison to COVID‐19 remains unaddressed. Here, we report autopsy findings in 411 patients who died from the ‘Spanish’ influenza A pandemic between May 1918 and April 1919 at the University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. We compare these results with influenza A autopsies from 2009 to 2020, other influenza A autopsy series and all COVID‐19 autopsies published to date. No descriptions of any macroscopic thromboembolic events were mentioned in influenza A autopsy reports. In 75 published COVID‐19 autopsies, pulmonary artery thrombosis/embolism was reported in 36%. The direct comparison of macroscopic autopsy findings suggests a significantly greater degree of grossly visible pulmonary macrothrombi in patients with COVID‐19 in comparison to influenza A autopsies even though most patients received empiric thromboprophylaxis. This is consistent with the concept of a SARS‐related de novo coagulopathy with generalised in situ clot formation, which could explain the high incidence of pulmonary thrombosis/embolism with or without underlying deep vein thrombosis and in the absence of a history of venous thromboembolic events.
Development, Screening, and Validation of Camelid‐Derived Nanobodies for Neuroscience Research
Authors: Gavira‐O'Neill Clara E. , Dong Jie‐Xian , Trimmer James S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNanobodies (nAbs) are recombinant antigen‐binding variable domain fragments obtained from heavy‐chain‐only immunoglobulins. Among mammals, these are unique to camelids (camels, llamas, alpacas, etc.). Nanobodies are of great use in biomedical research due to their efficient folding and stability under a variety of conditions, as well as their small size. The latter characteristic is particularly important for nAbs used as immunolabeling reagents, since this can improve penetration of cell and tissue samples compared to conventional antibodies, and also reduce the gap distance between signal and target, thereby improving imaging resolution. In addition, their recombinant nature allows for unambiguous definition and permanent archiving in the form of DNA sequence, enhanced distribution in the form of sequences or plasmids, and easy and inexpensive production using well‐established bacterial expression systems, such as the IPTG induction method described here. This article will review the basic workflow and process for developing, screening, and validating novel nAbs against neuronal target proteins. The protocols described make use of the most common nAb development method, wherein an immune repertoire from an immunized llama is screened via phage display technology. Selected nAbs can then be taken through validation assays for use as immunolabels or as intrabodies in neurons. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 26 June 2021. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Total RNA isolation from camelid leukocytesBasic Protocol 2: First‐strand cDNA synthesis; VHH and VH repertoire PCRBasic Protocol 3: Preparation of the phage display libraryBasic Protocol 4: Panning of the phage display libraryBasic Protocol 5: Small‐scale nAb expressionBasic Protocol 6: Sequence analysis of selected nAb clonesBasic Protocol 7: Nanobody validation as immunolabelsBasic Protocol 8: Generation of nAb‐pEGFP mammalian expression constructsBasic Protocol 9: Nanobody validation as intrabodiesSupport Protocol 1: ELISA for llama serum testing, phage titer, and screening of selected clonesSupport Protocol 2: Amplification of helper phage stockSupport Protocol 3: nAb expression in amber suppressor E. coli bacterial strains
Use of wild Pennisetum species for improving biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in pearl millet
Authors: Sharma Shivali , Sharma Rajan , Pujar Mahesh , Yadav Devvart , Yadav Yashpal , Rathore Abhishek , Mahala Rajendra Singh , Singh Indra , Verma Yogendra , Deora Virendra Singh , Vaid Bhupesh , Jayalekha Ayyathan Kakkadan , Gupta Shashi Kumar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is one of the world's hardiest warm‐season cereal crop cultivated for food and animal feed in the semi‐arid tropics of Asia and Africa. This crop faces terminal drought during rainy and flowering‐stage heat stress during summer seasons. Blast is emerging as a serious threat affecting its production and productivity in India. Using wild P. violaceum (Lam) Rich. and pearl millet cultivars, prebreeding populations were developed following backcross method. These populations were evaluated in target ecologies in India at three locations during the 2018 summer season for flowering‐stage heat stress and at two locations during the 2018 rainy season for terminal drought stress. A total 18 introgression lines (ILs) from Population (Pop) 3 exhibited improved seed set under high heat stress vs. the cultivated parent, whereas no IL was better than the cultivated parent in Pop 4. Under rainfed conditions at Hisar and Bawal, India, 19 ILs from Pop 3 and 16 ILs from Pop 4 showed significantly higher dry fodder yield than the cultivated parents. Further, screening of ILs for five diverse pathotype isolates—Pg 45, Pg 138, Pg 186, Pg 204, and Pg 232—of blast resulted in the identification of resistant ILs. Use of these promising ILs in breeding programs will assist in developing new varieties and hybrids with improved tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The study indicated the genetic differences between the parents involved in crossing and also highlighted the importance of precise phenotyping of wild species for target trait prior to use in prebreeding work.
Investigations into the stable isotope ratios of 1‐phenyl‐2‐propanone
Authors: Lansdown Kate , Jolliffe Katrina A. , Salouros Helen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) can be used to determine the precursor and precursor origin of methylamphetamine drug samples. Previous work has shown that methylamphetamine samples can be distinguished as derived from different sources of (pseudo)ephedrine or phenyl‐2‐propanone (P2P) through the use of IRMS alongside conventional chemical profiling techniques. To date, limited research has been conducted to investigate whether methylamphetamine samples of differing P2P origins can be distinguished through drug profiling. This was investigated by synthesising methylamphetamine in‐house in a three‐step process. Two ‘preprecursors’ were used in this study, phenylacetic acid (PAA) and α‐phenylacetoacetonitrile (α‐PAAN). Using a combination of profiling techniques, it was found that methylamphetamine samples of PAA preprecursor origin and methylamphetamine samples of α‐PAAN preprecursor origin can be distinguished.
Annual banned‐substance review: Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing 2019/2020
Authors: Thevis Mario , Kuuranne Tiia , Geyer Hans 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnalytical chemistry‐based research in sports drug testing has been a dynamic endeavor for several decades, with technology‐driven innovations continuously contributing to significant improvements in various regards including analytical sensitivity, comprehensiveness of target analytes, differentiation of natural/endogenous substances from structurally identical but synthetically derived compounds, assessment of alternative matrices for doping control purposes, and so forth. The resulting breadth of tools being investigated and developed by anti‐doping researchers has allowed to substantially improve anti‐doping programs and data interpretation in general. Additionally, these outcomes have been an extremely valuable pledge for routine doping controls during the unprecedented global health crisis that severely affected established sports drug testing strategies. In this edition of the annual banned‐substance review, literature on recent developments in anti‐doping published between October 2019 and September 2020 is summarized and discussed, particularly focusing on human doping controls and potential applications of new testing strategies to substances and methods of doping specified the World Anti‐Doping Agency's 2020 Prohibited List.
The association between leptin and weight maintenance outcome in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Kim Youngjung , Hersch Jonathan , Bodell Lindsay P. , Schebendach Janet , Hildebrandt Tom , Walsh B. Timothy , Mayer Laurel E. S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveRelapse after weight restoration in anorexia nervosa (AN) is a critical problem. Higher body fat percentage after weight gain has been shown to predict better weight maintenance outcome. Leptin, a fat‐derived hormone, has been associated with progress during weight gain, but its association with weight maintenance is unknown. This study aims to determine whether leptin levels after weight restoration in AN are associated with weight maintenance.MethodParticipants were 41 women with AN hospitalized for inpatient treatment. Participants were evaluated 2–4 weeks after weight restoration to body mass index (BMI) ≥ 19.5 kg/m2 for plasma leptin and body composition. Weight maintenance outcome was defined by whether a participant maintained a BMI of at least 18.5 kg/m2 at the end of 1 year following hospital discharge.ResultsTwenty (48.8%) out of 41 patients maintained their weight at 1 year. Percent body fat and leptin were significantly higher in the group who maintained weight (body fat, p = .004, Hedges' g = 0.944; log‐leptin, p = .010, Hedges' g = 0.821), but there were no differences in predischarge BMI, duration of illness, and duration of amenorrhea. Using regression modeling, only higher log‐leptin (pWald = .021) and percent body fat (pWald = .010), as well as fat‐adjusted leptin (pWald = .029), independently predicted weight maintenance at 1 year.DiscussionsOur findings suggest that for acutely‐weight restored women with AN, higher predischarge leptin measurements are associated with better outcome in the year following treatment. Prospective studies examining leptin as well as other parameters of metabolic health could offer insights into biomarkers that may improve clinical outcomes.