bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policy options for endgame planning in tobacco control: a simulation modelling study
Authors: Skinner Adam , Walker Pippy , Atkinson Jo-An , Whitehead Rebecca , Roselli Tim , West Mark , Bright Margaret , Heffernan Mark , McDonnell Geoff , Veerman Lennert , Prodan Ante , Thomas David P , Burton Suzan 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential impacts of several tobacco control interventions on adult daily smoking prevalence in the Australian state of Queensland, using a system dynamics model codeveloped with local and national stakeholders.MethodsEight intervention scenarios were simulated and compared with a reference scenario (business as usual), in which all tobacco control measures currently in place are maintained unchanged until the end of the simulation period (31 December 2037).FindingsUnder the business as usual scenario, adult daily smoking prevalence is projected to decline from 11.8% in 2017 to 5.58% in 2037. A sustained 50% increase in antismoking advertising exposure from 2018 reduces projected prevalence in 2037 by 0.80 percentage points. Similar reductions are projected with the introduction of tobacco wholesaler and retailer licensing schemes that either permit or prohibit tobacco sales by alcohol-licensed venues (0.65 and 1.73 percentage points, respectively). Increasing the minimum age of legal supply of tobacco products substantially reduces adolescent initiation, but has minimal impact on smoking prevalence in the adult population over the simulation period. Sustained reductions in antismoking advertising exposure of 50% and 100% from 2018 increase projected adult daily smoking prevalence in 2037 by 0.88 and 1.98 percentage points, respectively.ConclusionsThese results suggest that any prudent approach to endgame planning should seek to build on rather than replace existing tobacco control measures that have proved effective to date. Additional interventions that can promote cessation are expected to be more successful in reducing smoking prevalence than interventions focussing exclusively on preventing initiation.
Inequities in tobacco advertising exposure among young adult sexual, racial and ethnic minorities: examining intersectionality of sexual orientation with race and ethnicity
Authors: Tan Andy S L , Hanby Elaine P , Sanders-Jackson Ashley , Lee Stella , Viswanath Kasisomayajula , Potter Jennifer 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveThis study examined sexual orientation differences in encoded exposure to tobacco product ads and intersections with race and ethnicity.MethodsWe analysed data from young adults (18–24) from the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study in 2013 and 2014 (N=9110). First, we compared encoded exposure to cigarette, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), cigar and smokeless tobacco ads between sexual minorities (lesbian/gay, bisexual and something else) versus heterosexual young adults. We then analysed encoded ad exposure across sexual orientation, racial and ethnic subgroups. Analyses controlled for demographic and tobacco use variables.ResultsBisexual women had significantly higher prevalence of encoded exposure to cigarette and cigar ads compared with heterosexual women, and significantly higher prevalence of encoded e-cigarette ad exposure compared with both heterosexual and lesbian/gay women. There were no significant differences in encoded ad exposure between lesbian versus heterosexual women and between gay or bisexual men versus heterosexual men. Compared with heterosexual white counterparts, increased encoded ad exposures were reported by heterosexual black women (cigarette and cigar ads), black heterosexual men (cigar ads) and bisexual black women (cigarette and cigar ads). Compared with heterosexual non- Hispanic counterparts, increased encoded ad exposures were reported by bisexual Hispanic women (cigarette, e-cigarette and cigar ads) and heterosexual Hispanic men (cigarettes and cigar ads).ConclusionSexual minority women of colour and black heterosexual women and men have increased encoded exposure to certain forms of tobacco ads. Further research is needed to address the impact of tobacco ads among multiple minority individuals based on sex, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity.
Minimally invasive chest wall stabilization: a novel surgical approach to video-assisted rib plating (VARP)
Authors: Diaz Jose J , Azar Faris K 
Published: December 2019

The current morbidity of rib plating is due to the size of the incision required to perform an open procedure. We describe a minimally invasive laparoscopic approach to rib plating. A cadaver model was used to develop the surgical technique by performing both left and right posterior-lateral rib plating. A small incision was made over the auscultatory triangle. The potential working space is developed under the posterior shoulder girdle and the scapula. A table-based retractor was used to elevate the scapula and the muscles. Two separate ports were placed: one camera port and one working port. In three cadaver models, 12 rib fractures were plated and the surgical technique is described. This novel technique will likely allow for faster recovery and was especially useful in the subscapular space.Level of evidenceII.
A numerical investigation of excess pore pressures and continental slope stability in response to ice-sheet dynamics
Authors: Urlaub Morelia , Kratzke Isabel , Hjelstuen Berit Oline 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Submarine landslides are common at glaciated continental margins. The onset of large-scale landslides coincides with the initiation of Northern Hemisphere glaciations in the Quaternary. This implies that processes related to glacial cycling provide favourable conditions for submarine landslides at high-latitude margins. Potential processes include glacial deposition patterns and enhanced seismicity. It is also possible that advances and retreats of ice sheets, a highly dynamic process in geological terms, makes slopes discernible to failure by modifying the stress regime. Here, we quantify this effect using 2D finite element modelling of a glaciated continental margin. Different model runs investigate the pore-pressure development in homogeneous, as well as layered, slopes during glaciation when loaded by an ice stream with one or more ice advances. Ice streams cause significant variations in excess pore pressure in the very shallow sediment sequences at the continental shelf. However, lateral fluid flow is not efficient enough to increase pore pressures significantly at the slope, where large-scale submarine slides are observed. Hence, while ice-sheet dynamics appear to favour the occurrence of shallow slides close to the shelf edge, ice sheets seem to be irrelevant for the generation of large-scale submarine landslides at the continental slope.
Effect of vasti morphology on peak sprint cycling power of a human musculoskeletal simulation model
Authors: Bobbert Maarten F. , Casius L. J. Richard , van der Zwaard Stephan , Jaspers Richard T. 
Published: December 2019

Fascicle length of m. vastus lateralis in cyclists has been shown to correlate positively with peak sprint cycling power normalized for lean body mass. We investigated whether vasti morphology affects sprint cycling power via force-length and force-velocity relationships. We simulated isokinetic sprint cycling at pedaling rates ranging from 40 to 150 rpm with a forward dynamic model of the human musculoskeletal system actuated by eight leg muscles. Input of the model was muscle stimulation over time, which was optimized to maximize the average power output over a pedal cycle. This was done for a reference model and for models in which the vasti had equal volume but different morphology. It was found that models with longer muscle fibers but a reduced physiological cross-sectional area of the vasti produced a higher sprint cycling power. This was partly explained by better alignment of the peak power-pedaling rate curve of the vasti with the corresponding curves of the other leg muscles. The highest sprint cycling power was achieved in a model in which the increase in muscle fiber length of the vasti was accompanied by a concomitant shift in optimum knee angle. It was concluded that muscle mechanics can partly explain the positive correlations between fascicle length of m. vastus lateralis and normalized peak sprint cycling power. It should be investigated whether muscle fiber length of the vasti and optimum knee angle are suitable training targets for athletes who want to concurrently improve their sprint and endurance cycling performance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We simulated isokinetic sprint cycling at pedaling rates ranging from 40 to 150 rpm with a forward dynamic model of the human musculoskeletal system actuated by eight leg muscles. We selectively modified vasti morphology: we lengthened the muscle fibers and reduced the physiological cross-sectional area. The modified model was able to produce a higher sprint cycling power.
Au Pays de(s) intégré(s) de Gabriel Kuitche Fonkou : de la problématique de l’intégration belliciste à la reconstruction identitaire
Authors: Ngnintedem Guilioh Merlain Vokeng 
Published: December 2019

Le roman de Gabriel Kuitche Fonkou laisse découvrir un univers manichéen dans lequel interagissent les cultures bamiléké, fang-béti et autres. Dans un tel contexte, l’espace multiculturel devient le théâtre d’un champ de positionnement ; ce qui complexifie la coexistence entre les cultures et les peuples. Cela signifie que l’abolition des distances culturelles ne rend pas toujours faciles la compréhension entre les peuples et les relations entre groupes ethniques. Au Pays de(s) intégré(s) met en scène les enjeux et logiques identitaires. Ainsi, Kuitche Fonkou révèle le caractère conflictuel et ambivalent de ces lieux identitaires et montre la complexité des relations sociales qui jouent à la croisée des appartenances ethniques et socioéconomiques dans un pays où l’intégration nationale est considérée comme le facteur principal d’unité. En nous servant des trois modèles de sociétés multiculturelles proposées par Lüsebrink et en prenant appui sur la notion d’ « ethnicisation » théorisée par David Simo, cet article vise à montrer que chez Kuitche Fonkou, l’ethnie est instrumentalisée et devient l’objet principal de la loyauté, le but et le moyen de toute action. Il apparaîtra au final que ce professeur-écrivain camerounais cherche à fabriquer un modèle culturel et identitaire qui brise les barrières ethnico-tribales.
Plasma Albumin and Incident Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ronit Andreas , Kirkegaard-Klitbo Ditte M. , Dohlmann Tine L. , Lundgren Jens , Sabin Caroline A. , Phillips Andrew N. , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Afzal Shoaib 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
We studied the association of plasma albumin with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and explored potential mechanisms behind the association in the CGPS (Copenhagen General Population Study). We also performed a meta-analysis to summarize the association between plasma albumin and CVD in individuals without preexisting CVD.

Approach and Results:
We included 100 520 individuals without prior CVD with 8247 incident CVD events developed during a median follow-up of 8.5 years. Rates of CVD outcomes were calculated using Cox regression and Fine and Gray competing-risks regression. The association of plasma albumin and CVD was approximately linear and confounder adjustment had little influence on the effect estimates, except for some attenuation after CRP (C-reactive protein) adjustment. In analyses according to subtypes of CVD events, the hazard ratios for each 10 g/L lower plasma albumin were 1.17 (95% CI, 1.08–1.28) for ischemic heart disease, 1.25 (95% CI, 1.09–1.43) for myocardial infarction, 1.37 (95% CI, 1.21–1.54) for any stroke, and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.28–1.68) for ischemic stroke. In the meta-analysis, we combined estimates from prospective and nested case-control studies investigating the association of plasma albumin with CVD. The meta-analysis included 14 studies with 150 652 individuals (12 studies reported events totaling 11 872). The risk ratio for a CVD event per 10 g/L lower plasma albumin was 1.96 (95% CI, 1.43–2.68) in previous studies and 1.85 (95% CI, 1.39–2.47) including our study with 57% weight in the meta-analysis. Exploratory analyses of the mechanism of the association indicated that it was probably not due to fatty acid binding but may be due to the regulation of plasma albumin by inflammation.

Conclusions:
There is a robust, independent association of low plasma albumin with CVD, partly explained by plasma albumin as a negative acute-phase reactant.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=95796
. Unique identifier: CRD42018095796
Longitudinal RNA-Seq Analysis of the Repeatability of Gene Expression and Splicing in Human Platelets Identifies a Platelet
SELP
Splice QTL
Authors: Rondina Matthew T. , Voora Deepak , Simon Lukas M. , Schwertz Hansjörg , Harper Julie F. , Lee Olivia , Bhatlekar Seema C. , Li Qing , Eustes Alicia S. , Montenont Emilie , Campbell Robert A. , Tolley Neal D. , Kosaka Yasuhiro , Weyrich Andrew S. , Bray Paul F. , Rowley Jesse W. 
Published: December 2019

Rationale:
Longitudinal studies are required to distinguish within versus between-individual variation and repeatability of gene expression. They are uniquely positioned to decipher genetic signal from environmental noise, with potential application to gene variant and expression studies. However, longitudinal analyses of gene expression in healthy individuals—especially with regards to alternative splicing—are lacking for most primary cell types, including platelets.

Objective:
To assess repeatability of gene expression and splicing in platelets and use repeatability to identify novel platelet expression quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and splice QTLs.

Methods and Results:

We sequenced the transcriptome of platelets isolated repeatedly up to 4 years from healthy individuals. We examined within and between individual variation and repeatability of platelet RNA expression and exon skipping, a readily measured alternative splicing event. We find that platelet gene expression is generally stable between and within-individuals over time—with the exception of a subset of genes enriched for the inflammation gene ontology. We show an enrichment among repeatable genes for associations with heritable traits, including known and novel platelet expression QTLs. Several exon skipping events were also highly repeatable, suggesting heritable patterns of splicing in platelets. One of the most repeatable was exon 14 skipping of
SELP
. Accordingly, we identify rs6128 as a platelet splice QTL and define an rs6128-dependent association between
SELP
exon 14 skipping and race. In vitro experiments demonstrate that this single nucleotide variant directly affects exon 14 skipping and changes the ratio of transmembrane versus soluble P-selectin protein production.

Conclusions:

We conclude that the platelet transcriptome is generally stable over 4 years. We demonstrate the use of repeatability of gene expression and splicing to identify novel platelet expression QTLs and splice QTLs. rs6128 is a platelet splice QTL that alters
SELP
exon 14 skipping and soluble versus transmembrane P-selectin protein production.
Mitochondrial Deacetylase Sirt3 Reduces Vascular Dysfunction and Hypertension While Sirt3 Depletion in Essential Hypertension Is Linked to Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Dikalova Anna E. , Pandey Arvind , Xiao Liang , Arslanbaeva Liaisan , Sidorova Tatiana , Lopez Marcos G. , Billings Frederic T. , Verdin Eric , Auwerx Johan , Harrison David G. , Dikalov Sergey I. 
Published: December 2019

Rationale:
Hypertension represents a major risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, and heart failure and affects 30% of the adult population. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to hypertension, but specific mechanisms are unclear. The mitochondrial deacetylase Sirt3 (Sirtuin 3) is critical in the regulation of metabolic and antioxidant functions which are associated with hypertension, and cardiovascular disease risk factors diminish Sirt3 level.

Objective:
We hypothesized that reduced Sirt3 expression contributes to vascular dysfunction in hypertension, but increased Sirt3 protects vascular function and decreases hypertension.

Methods and Results:

To test the therapeutic potential of targeting Sirt3 expression, we developed new transgenic mice with global Sirt3OX (Sirt3 overexpression), which protects from endothelial dysfunction, vascular oxidative stress, and hypertrophy and attenuates Ang II (angiotensin II) and deoxycorticosterone acetate–salt induced hypertension. Global Sirt3 depletion in
Sirt3
−/−
mice results in oxidative stress due to hyperacetylation of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), increases HIF1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1), reduces endothelial cadherin, stimulates vascular hypertrophy, increases vascular permeability and vascular inflammation (p65, caspase 1, VCAM [vascular cell adhesion molecule-1], ICAM [intercellular adhesion molecule-1], and MCP1 [monocyte chemoattractant protein 1]), increases inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidney, reduces telomerase expression, and accelerates vascular senescence and age-dependent hypertension; conversely, increased Sirt3 expression in Sirt3OX mice prevents these deleterious effects. The clinical relevance of Sirt3 depletion was confirmed in arterioles from human mediastinal fat in patients with essential hypertension showing a 40% decrease in vascular Sirt3, coupled with Sirt3-dependent 3-fold increases in SOD2 acetylation, NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) activity, VCAM, ICAM, and MCP1 levels in hypertensive subjects compared with normotensive subjects.

Conclusions:
We suggest that Sirt3 depletion in hypertension promotes endothelial dysfunction, vascular hypertrophy, vascular inflammation, and end-organ damage. Our data support a therapeutic potential of targeting Sirt3 expression in vascular dysfunction and hypertension.
Myocardial Effects of Aldosterone Antagonism in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: McDiarmid Adam K. , Swoboda Peter P. , Erhayiem Bara , Bounford Katrina A. , Bijsterveld Petra , Tyndall Keith , Fent Graham J. , Garg Pankaj , Dobson Laura E. , Musa Tarique A. , Foley James R. J. , Witte Klaus K. , Kearney Mark T. , Greenwood John P. , Plein Sven 
Published: December 2019

Background
Spironolactone may have prognostic benefit in selected patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. This study assessed the myocardial tissue effects of spironolactone in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Methods and Results

A 1:1 randomized controlled study of 6 months of spironolactone versus control in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The primary outcome was change in myocardial extracellular volume fraction by cardiovascular magnetic resonance as a surrogate of diffuse fibrosis. Of 55 randomized patients, 40 (20 women; age, 75.2±5.9 years) completed follow‐up (19 treatment, 21 control). A significant change in extracellular volume over the study period was not seen (treatment, 28.7±3.7% versus 27.7±3.4% [
P
=0.14]; controls, 27.6±3.4% versus 28.3±4.4% [
P
=0.14]); however, the rate of extracellular volume expansion was decreased by spironolactone (−1.0±2.4% versus 0.8±2.2%). Indexed left ventricular mass decreased with treatment (104.4±26.6 versus 94.0±20.6 g/m
2
;
P
=0.001) but not in controls (101.4±29.4 versus 104.0±32.8 g/m
2
;
P
=0.111). Extracellular mass decreased by 13.8% (15.1±4.8 versus 13.0±3.4 g/m
2
;
P
=0.003), and cellular mass decreased by 8.3% (37.6±10.0 versus 34.3±7.9 g/m
2
;
P
=0.001) with spironolactone, but was static in controls.

Conclusions
Spironolactone did not lead to significant change in extracellular volume. However, spironolactone did decrease rate of extracellular expansion, with a decrease in the mass of both cellular and extracellular myocardial compartments. These data point to the mechanism of action of spironolactone in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, including a direct tissue effect with a reduction in rate of myocardial fibrosis.
Cross-species testing of nuclear markers in Pelophylax water frogs in Greece and examination of their power to detect genetic admixture
Authors: Sagonas Kostas , Karameta Emmanouela , Kotsakiozi Panayiota , Poulakakis Nikos 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The genus Pelophylax has been considered a model organism for understanding hybridization. Despite being the most diverse within the Western Palearctic group of Pelophylax, the ridibundus/bedriagae lineage that includes six species, remains largely understudied, revealing many knowledge gaps in regards to their evolution and conservation. Using genetic data from populations among species inhabiting contact zones could prove vital in filling these gaps. We tested 17 microsatellite markers for cross-species amplification in mainland Pelophylax species distributed in southern Balkans and evaluated their power to successfully detect population/species structure. Importantly, we examined their potential for identifying hybrids and backcrosses between known hybridized species. We detected 12 highly polymorphic loci that cross-amplified all species that showed no significant Linkage Disequilibrium and were able to discriminate among species and between parental and hybrids. We suggest their future use in genetic studies for the genus Pelophylax in Greece, including the identification of contact zones.
World Heritage, Secularisation, and the New “Public Sacred” in East Asia
Authors: Rots Aike P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The category “heritage” is quickly gaining importance for the study of religion, not least in East Asia. Since the 1990s, Japanese governments, entrepreneurs, and NGO s have invested heavily in heritage preservation, production, and promotion, and other East Asian countries have followed suit. UNESCO recognition is sought after by various state and private actors, who see it as a useful tool for validating and popularising select historical narratives and for acquiring national and international legitimacy. These developments have led to far-reaching transformations in worship sites and ritual practices. Drawing on recent Japanese examples, and comparing these to cases elsewhere in the region, this article constitutes a first step towards a theory of the heritagisation of religion in East Asia. It argues that the heritagisation of worship sites often entails a process of deprivatisation, turning them into public properties that are simultaneously secular and sacred. The article distinguishes between three patterns, which many worship sites and ritual practices that have been inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage or Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists, in Japan and beyond, follow: 1) heritage-making constitutes a type of secularisation, 2) it gives rise to new processes of sacralisation, and 3) this enables mass tourism that can lead to far-reaching transformations. Focusing on the first two patterns, the article shows how heritage-making leads to the reconfiguration of sites and practices as national, public, and secular sacred properties.