bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thiol–disulfide homeostasis in children with celiac disease
Authors: Comba Atakan , Güreser Ayşe Semra , Karasartova Djursun , Şenat Almila , Erel Özcan , Taylan Özkan Ayşegül 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundToxic gliadin peptide damages enterocytes in celiac disease by causing oxidative stress. Thiols are organic compounds that defend against oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the changes in thiol–disulfide homeostasis in children with celiac disease.MethodsThe study included patients with celiac disease, children diagnosed with functional gastrointestinal disorders, and healthy children. Patients’ serum native and total thiol–disulfide amounts, disulfide/total thiol percentage ratios, disulfide / native thiol percentage ratios, and native thiol/total thiol percentage ratios were measured.ResultsThe study involved 172 children, of whom 90 (52.3%) were girls. The mean participant age was 8.6 ± 4.2 years. A total of 59 (34.3%) children had celiac disease, 56 (32.6%) had functional gastrointestinal disorders, and 57 (33.1%) were healthy. The total thiol and disulfide levels of patients with celiac disease (305 ± 87 μmol/L and 25 ± 15 μmol/L, respectively) were significantly lower than those of healthy children (349 ± 82 μmol/L and 40 ± 15 μmol/L, respectively) (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively). Native and total thiol levels (226 ± 85 μmol/L and 279 ± 99 μmol/L, respectively) in patients with celiac disease who consumed a gluten‐containing diet were significantly lower than those of patients who consumed a gluten‐free diet (278 ± 64 μmol/L and 327 ± 69 μmol/L, respectively) (P = 0.017 and P = 0.041, respectively).ConclusionsThiol–disulfide homeostasis, an important antioxidant defense component of the gastrointestinal system, is disrupted in children with celiac disease. A gluten‐free diet helped partially ameliorate this decline.
Acute effects of e‐cigarette vaping on pulmonary function and airway inflammation in healthy individuals and in patients with asthma
Authors: Kotoulas Serafeim‐Chrysovalantis , Pataka Athanasia , Domvri Kalliopi , Spyratos Dionisios , Katsaounou Paraskevi , Porpodis Konstantinos , Fouka Evangelia , Markopoulou Aikaterini , Passa‐Fekete Katalin , Grigoriou Ioanna , Kontakiotis Theodoros , Argyropoulou Paraskevi , Papakosta Despoina 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe acute effects of e‐cigarettes have not been scientifically demonstrated yet. The aim of this study was to assess the acute changes in pulmonary function and airway inflammation in patients with asthma after vaping one e‐cigarette.MethodsTwenty‐five smokers suffering from stable moderate asthma according to GINA guidelines with no other comorbidities and 25 healthy smokers matched with the baseline characteristics of the asthmatic patients were recruited. PFT, IOS, FeNO and EBC were performed before and after vaping one e‐cigarette with nicotine. pH and concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐13, IL‐17A, TNF‐α, ISO8 and LTB4 were measured in EBC.ResultsFFEV1/FVC ratio and PEF were reduced in asthmatic patients after e‐cigarette. Z5Hz and R5Hz, R10Hz and R20Hz increased in both groups. FeNO and EBC pH increased by 3.60 ppb (P = 0.001) and 0.15 (P = 0.014) in asthmatic patients after e‐cigarette, whereas they decreased in control group by 3.28 ppb (P < 0.001) and 0.12 (P = 0.064), respectively. The concentrations of IL‐10, TNF‐α and ISO8 in EBC increased in asthmatic patients after e‐cigarette and the changes in concentrations of IL‐1β and IL‐4 differed significantly between the two groups.ConclusionE‐cigarette vaping resulted in acute alteration of both pulmonary function and airway inflammation in stable moderate asthmatic patients.
The personalised discharge letter: the experience of patients and parents from the Filadelfia Epilepsy Hospital
Authors: Lindhardt Christina Louise , Mærkedahl Marielouise , Brandt Conny Elisa , Madsen Signe Rubjerg 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the experience of a discharge letter received by patients suffering from epilepsy and parents with children who suffer from epilepsy.DesignQualitative research inspired by a phenomenological methodology approach.SettingFace‐to‐face interviews with patients and parents of epileptic children in their own homes.SampleParticipants (total n = 11).MethodsIn‐depth interviews were recorded verbatim, transcribed and analysed.ResultsTwo themes were identified: (i) it was written about me and (ii) a sense of feeling secure. By being discharged with a personalised letter, the participants felt seen and heard. The discharge letter enabled them to contact their doctor and the Filadelfia hospital more efficiently if needed. Parents indicated that the discharge letter bridged the uncertainty that they often experienced when dealing with the child's school or authorities in general.ConclusionsThe discharge letter enables the participants to make the transition into everyday life with the best and most up‐to‐date information about themselves and their current condition as an epilepsy patient. The discharge letter empowers the patient or parents to face everyday life. The discharge becomes a kind of passport to the outside world when encountering the general practitioner, the school or other circumstances where the patient engages. The discharge letter becomes a patient‐centred tool proving that enhanced communication and understanding between healthcare professionals, patients and parents succeeds. This example could be transferable to other hospitals to heighten the patient's self‐efficacy and quality of life after being discharged from the hospital.
The Complexity Inherent in Researching Migrant Identification: The Case of Hungarian Jews in Israel
Authors: Surányi Ráchel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIdentity is a heavily researched topic because of its fluid nature. One's identity is constantly changing; thus, it is hard to study. This paper presents the results of research conducted among Hungarian immigrants in Israel. The self‐identification of Hungarian Jews living in Israel is incoherent and complex. The interviewees wanted to present themselves as having different degrees of Hungarian identity (sometimes stronger, sometimes weaker) than they actually seem to have. As the results of this research suggest, self‐identification should be studied using qualitative methods in particular.
Knockout of MD1 contributes to sympathetic hyperactivity and exacerbates ventricular arrhythmias following heart failure with preserved ejection fraction via NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Yang Hong‐Jie , Kong Bin , Shuai Wei , Zhang Jing‐jing , Huang He 
Published: April 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
In this study, we investigated whether MD1 interacted with the sympathetic nerves in ventricular arrhythmia (VA) during heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
What is the main finding and its importance?
Mice with HFpEF showed increased susceptibility to VA, adverse electrical remodelling, impaired heart rate variability, enhanced sympathetic hyperactivity, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and increased interleukin‐1β release. These changes induced by HFpEF were exacerbated by MD1 deficiency.
AbstractSympathetic hyperactivity can promote malignant ventricular arrhythmia (VA), and myeloid differentiation 1 (MD1) has been reported to play an important role in obesity‐induced VA. However, it is not known whether an interaction of MD1 with sympathetic hyperactivity contributes to the VA induced by heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The aim of this study was to investigate the potential interaction between MD1 and sympathetic hyperactivity in HFpEF‐induced VA and the underlying mechanism. Eight‐week‐old MD1‐knockout (MD1‐KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice were subjected to a model of HFpEF induced by uninephrectomy, a continuous saline or d‐aldosterone infusion and provision of drinking water containing 1.0% sodium chloride for 4 weeks. Echocardiography and haemodynamics were used to verify the model of HFpEF. An isolated electrophysiological study was performed to assess the susceptibility to VA. Four weeks later, the mice with HFpEF showed an increased heart weight to tibia length ratio, decreased left ventricular minimum rates of pressure rise (dP/dtmin), increased τ, lung weight to tibia length ratio and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction compared with WT mice. The mice with HFpEF exhibited increased susceptibility to VA, as shown by the shortened effective refractory period, prolonged action potential duration (APD), increased APD alternans threshold and higher incidence of VA. Moreover, we also found that mice with HFpEF showed impaired heart rate variability, sympathetic hyperactivity, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and increased interleukin‐1β release. These changes induced by HFpEF were exacerbated by MD1 deficiency. We conclude that MD1‐KO contributes to sympathetic hyperactivity and facilitates VA in HFpEF via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Treatment targeting MD1 and NLRP3 might decrease the risk of HFpEF‐induced VA.
A Study of Nonlinear Behavior of Flexible Tool and Workpiece in Turning Operation With Regenerative Effect Under Internal and Primary Resonance Conditions
Authors: Chanda Arnab , Dwivedy Santosha K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this work, the nonlinear dynamic behavior of turning operation has been studied considering flexible tool and thin cylindrical workpiece. The system is taken as a two-degree-of-freedom system with nonlinear stiffness and is subjected to self-excited vibration because of the regenerative effect. The cutting force is considered to be a combination of a constant and periodic force in addition to the force due to the regenerative effect. The regenerative effect during turning operation is included in the mathematical model, resulting in a nonlinear delay differential equation. Here, the natural frequency of the workpiece is assumed to be closed to that of the tool, leading to 1:1 internal resonance. Further, the frequency of the time-varying cutting force is assumed to be closed to the natural frequency of the workpiece giving rise to primary resonance condition. The nonlinear responses and the stability of the tool and the workpiece have been determined using a higher-order method of multiple scales (MMS) under internal and primary resonance conditions. The solution of the equation of motion using the MMS is validated by comparing the solution obtained using the numerical method. The effect of the tool and workpiece stiffness nonlinearities on steady-state frequency responses and stability is investigated, and system parameters are also identified to have stable turning operation. This work will find applications in estimating the system parameters for chatter-free turning operation with a flexible tool and workpiece when their dynamic compliances are comparable.
Loss of Filamentous Multicellularity in Cyanobacteria: the Extremophile Gloeocapsopsis sp. Strain UTEX B3054 Retained Multicellular Features at the Genomic and Behavioral Levels
Authors: Urrejola Catalina , von Dassow Peter , van den Engh Ger , Salas Loreto , Mullineaux Conrad W. , Vicuña Rafael , Sánchez-Baracaldo Patricia 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Multicellularity in Cyanobacteria played a key role in their habitat expansion, contributing to the Great Oxidation Event around 2.45 billion to 2.32 billion years ago. Evolutionary studies have indicated that some unicellular cyanobacteria emerged from multicellular ancestors, yet little is known about how the emergence of new unicellular morphotypes from multicellular ancestors occurred. Our results give new insights into the evolutionary reversion from which the Gloeocapsopsis lineage emerged. Flow cytometry and microscopy results revealed morphological plasticity involving the patterned formation of multicellular morphotypes sensitive to environmental stimuli. Genomic analyses unveiled the presence of multicellularity-associated genes in its genome. Calcein-fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments confirmed that Gloeocapsopsis sp. strain UTEX B3054 carries out cell-to-cell communication in multicellular morphotypes but at slower time scales than filamentous cyanobacteria. Although traditionally classified as unicellular, our results suggest that Gloeocapsopsis displays facultative multicellularity, a condition that may have conferred ecological advantages for thriving as an extremophile for more than 1.6 billion years.
IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are among the few prokaryotes that evolved multicellularity. The early emergence of multicellularity in Cyanobacteria (2.5 billion years ago) entails that some unicellular cyanobacteria reverted from multicellular ancestors. We tested this evolutionary hypothesis by studying the unicellular strain Gloeocapsopsis sp. UTEX B3054 using flow cytometry, genomics, and cell-to-cell communication experiments. We demonstrate the existence of a well-defined patterned organization of cells in clusters during growth, which might change triggered by environmental stimuli. Moreover, we found genomic signatures of multicellularity in the Gloeocapsopsis genome, giving new insights into the evolutionary history of a cyanobacterial lineage that has thrived in extreme environments since the early Earth. The potential benefits in terms of resource acquisition and the ecological relevance of this transient behavior are discussed.
Early syn-rift igneous dike patterns, northern Kenya Rift (Turkana, Kenya): Implications for local and regional stresses, tectonics, and magma-structure interactions
Authors: Morley C.K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFour areas (Loriu, Lojamei, Muranachok-Muruangapoi, Kamutile Hills) of well-developed Miocene-age dikes in the northern Kenya Rift (Turkana, Kenya) have been identified from fieldwork and satellite images; in total, &gt;3500 dikes were mapped. Three areas display NNW-SSE– to N-S–oriented dike swarms, with straight, radial, and concentric patterns in zones &lt;15 km long, and indicate NNW-SSE to N-S regional maximum horizontal principal stress (SHmax) directions in the early to middle Miocene. Individual dikes are typically &lt;2 m wide and tens to hundreds of meters long and have accommodated &lt;2% extension. In places (Loriu, Lojamei, Lokhone high), dikes trend at a high angle to the rift trend, suggesting some local influence (e.g., overpressured magma chamber, cracked lid–style dike intrusions over a sill or laccolith, preexisting fabric in basement) on orientation, in addition to the influence from regional stresses. Only a minor influence by basement fabrics is seen on dike orientation. The early- to middle-Miocene dikes and extrusive activity ended a long phase (up to 25 m.y.) of amagmatic half-graben development in central Kenya and southern Turkana, which lay on the southern edge of the early (Eocene–Oligocene) plume activity. The Miocene dike sets and extension on major border faults in Turkana contrast with larger, more extensive arrays of dikes in evolved systems in the Main Ethiopian Rift that are critical for accommodating crustal extension. By the Pliocene–Holocene, magmatism and intrusion along dikes had become more important for accommodating extension, and the tectonic characteristics began to resemble those of rift basins elsewhere in the eastern branch of the East African Rift.
Detrital zircons and sediment dispersal in the eastern Midcontinent of North America
Authors: Thomas William A. , Gehrels George E. , Sundell Kurt E. , Greb Stephen F. , Finzel Emily S. , Clark Ryan J. , Malone David H. , Hampton Brian A. , Romero Mariah C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResults of detrital-zircon analyses (U-Pb ages and initial Hf values, εHft) of Mississippian–Pennsylvanian sandstones in the Michigan, Illinois, and Forest City basins are remarkably similar to data for coeval sandstones in the Appalachian basin, indicating dispersal of sediment from the Appalachian orogen through the Appalachian basin to the eastern Midcontinent during the late Paleozoic. The similarities of results include matches of the two most prominent age groups (1300–950 Ma and 490–350 Ma), as well as matches of the less abundant age groups. Comparisons of the data are from observations of probability density plots and multidimensional scaling of U-Pb age data and of εHft values. Despite the dominance of an Appalachian signature in all samples, some samples contain grains with ages that suggest intermittent additional sources.Four samples (three ranging in depositional age from Morrowan to Atokan–Desmoinesian in the Illinois basin, and one of Desmoinesian age in the Forest City basin), in addition to typical Appalachian age distributions, have prominent age modes between 768 and 525 Ma, corresponding in age to Pan-African/Brasiliano rocks in Gondwanan accreted terranes in the Appalachian orogen, suggesting intermittent dispersal from the Moretown terrane of the northern Appalachians.Sandstones in the Appalachian basin and those in the Midcontinent basins have very few grains with ages that correspond to the Alleghanian orogeny in the Appalachian orogen. Nevertheless, three sandstones each in the Illinois basin and Forest City basin with depositional ages of 312–308 Ma have a few zircon grains in the age range of 321 ± 5 to 307 ± 4 Ma. The nearly identical crystallization and depositional ages suggest reworking at the depositional sites of air-fall volcanic ash from the Alleghanian orogen, rather than fluvial transport from the orogen.The basal Pennsylvanian sandstones lap onto a regional unconformity around the northern rims of the Illinois and Forest City basins, suggesting sources for recycled grains. Along the northern edge of the Illinois basin, Ordovician sandstones beneath the unconformity may have contributed minor concentrations of Superior-age zircons in the basal Pennsylvanian sandstones. Basal Pennsylvanian sandstones in the Forest City basin lap onto Mississippian strata, suggesting possible recycling of zircons from eroded Mississippian sandstones.
Longitudinal cohort of HIV-negative transgender women of colour in New York City: protocol for the TURNNT (‘Trying to Understand Relationships, Networks and Neighbourhoods among Transgender women of colour’) study
Authors: Callander Denton , Schneider John A , Radix Asa , Chaix Basile , Scheinmann Roberta , Love Gia , Smith Jordyn , Regan Seann D , Kawachi Ichiro , St James Kiara , Ransome Yusuf , Herrera Cristina , Reisner Sari L , Doroshow Ceyenne , Poteat Tonia , Watson Kim , Bluebond-Langner Rachel , Toussaint Nala , Garofalo Robert , Sevelius Jae , Duncan Dustin T 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionIn the USA, transgender women are among the most vulnerable to HIV. In particular, transgender women of colour face high rates of infection and low uptake of important HIV prevention tools, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This paper describes the design, sampling methods, data collection and analyses of the TURNNT (‘Trying to Understand Relationships, Networks and Neighbourhoods among Transgender women of colour’) study. In collaboration with communities of transgender women of colour, TURNNT aims to explore the complex social and environmental (ie, neighbourhood) structures that affect HIV prevention and other aspects of health in order to identify avenues for intervention.Methods and analysesTURNNT is a prospective cohort study, which will recruit 300 transgender women of colour (150 Black/African American, 100 Latina and 50 Asian/Pacific Islander participants) in New York City. There will be three waves of data collection separated by 6 months. At each wave, participants will provide information on their relationships, social and sexual networks, and neighbourhoods. Global position system technology will be used to generate individual daily path areas in order to estimate neighbourhood-level exposures. Multivariate analyses will be conducted to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal, independent and synergistic associations of personal relationships (notably individual social capital), social and sexual networks, and neighbourhood factors (notably neighbourhood-level social cohesion) with PrEP uptake and discontinuation.Ethics and disseminationThe TURNNT protocol was approved by the Columbia University Institutional Review Board (reference no. AAAS8164). This study will provide novel insights into the relationship, network and neighbourhood factors that influence HIV prevention behaviours among transgender women of colour and facilitate exploration of this population’s health and well-being more broadly. Through community-based dissemination events and consultation with policy makers, this foundational work will be used to guide the development and implementation of future interventions with and for transgender women of colour.
Birth incidence, deaths and hospitalisations of children and young people with Down syndrome, 1990–2015: birth cohort study
Authors: Hughes-McCormack Laura Anne , McGowan Ruth , Pell J P , Mackay Daniel , Henderson Angela , O'Leary Lisa , Cooper Sally-Ann 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate current Down syndrome live birth and death rates, and childhood hospitalisations, compared with peers.SettingGeneral community.ParticipantsAll live births with Down syndrome, 1990–2015, identified via Scottish regional cytogenetic laboratories, each age–sex–neighbourhood deprivation matched with five non-Down syndrome controls. Record linkage to Scotland’s hospital admissions and death data.Primary outcomeHRs comparing risk of first hospitalisation (any and emergency), readmission for children with Down syndrome and matched controls were calculated using stratified Cox proportional hazards (PH) model, and length of hospital stay was calculated using a conditional log-linear regression model.Results689/1479 (46.6%) female and 769/1479 (51.9%) male children/young people with Down syndrome were identified (1.0/1000 births, with no reduction over time); 1235 were matched. 92/1235 (7.4%) died during the period, 18.5 times more than controls. More of the Down syndrome group had at least one admission (incidence rate ratio(IRR) 72.89 (68.72–77.32) vs 40.51 (39.15–41.92); adjusted HR=1.84 (1.68, 2.01)) and readmissions (IRR 54.85 (51.46–58.46) vs 15.06 (14.36–15.80); adjusted HR=2.56 (2.08, 3.14)). More of their admissions were emergencies (IRR 56.78 (53.13–60.72) vs 28.88 (27.73–30.07); first emergency admission adjusted HR=2.87 (2.61, 3.15)). Children with Down syndrome had 28% longer first admission after birth. Admission rate increased from 1990–2003 to 2004–2014 for the Down syndrome group (from 90.7% to 92.2%) and decreased for controls (from 63.3% to 44.8%).ConclusionsWe provide contemporaneous statistics on the live birth rate of babies with Down syndrome, and their childhood death rate. They require more hospital admissions, readmissions emergency admissions and longer lengths of stays than their peers, which has received scant research attention in the past. This demonstrates the importance of statutory planning as well as informal support to families to avoid added problems in child development and family bonding over and above that brought by the intellectual disabilities associated with Down syndrome.