bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accidental Overdose Deaths in Oklahoma, 2002–2017: Opioid and Methamphetamine Trends
Authors: Bonk Rachel , Miller Ross J , Lanter Joshua , Niblo Cheryl , Kemp Jesse , Shelton Jeremy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
To evaluate trends related to accidental overdose deaths in Oklahoma, with a focus on opioids and methamphetamine. All accidental drug overdose deaths in the state of Oklahoma from 2002 to 2017 were reviewed. Opioids were grouped into the following categories: all opioids, prescription opioids, synthetic opioids and heroin. Age-adjusted death rates for methamphetamine and each opioid category were calculated and analyzed. Accidental overdoses accounted for 9,936 deaths during the study period. Of these, opioids were seen in 62.9%, with prescription opioids comprising 53.8%, synthetic opioids 10.3% and heroin 2.8%. Synthetic opioids, despite a recent upward nationwide trend, showed a slight overall decrease (−6.8%) from 2009 to 2017. In contrast, methamphetamine showed a 402.2% increase from 2009 to 2017 and an overall increase of 1,526.7%. Methamphetamine was involved in the most overdoses (1,963), followed by oxycodone (1,724). Opioid-related deaths were most common among white individuals (90.3%) and showed a slight male predilection (56.9%). With the intent of assessing the opioid epidemic as it relates to accidental overdoses in Oklahoma, this study suggests that opioid-related overdoses have slowed in recent years amidst a sharp increase in methamphetamine deaths.
Portal enlargement in hip arthroscopy preserving the iliofemoral ligament: a novel access technique protecting soft tissue restraints
Authors: Ilizaliturri Victor M , Sánchez Ruben Arriaga , Mora Rafael Zepeda , Suarez-Ahedo Carlos 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Capsulotomy in different modalities has been used to provide adequate exposure to access both the central and peripheral compartment in hip arthroscopy. Even though the hip joint has inherent bony stability, soft tissue restraints may be important in patients with ligaments hyperlaxity or in some cases with diminished bony stability. Biomechanical studies and clinical outcomes have shown the relevant role of the capsule in hip stability, mainly the role of the iliofemoral ligament. Although is not very common, iatrogenic post-arthroscopy subluxation and dislocation have been reported and many surgeons are concerned about the role aggressive capsulotomy or capsulectomy in this situation, thus capsule repair has become very popular. We present a novel technique to access the hip without cutting the iliofemoral ligament. With this technique we can obtain adequate arthroscopic access to the hip joint in order to treat adequately the central compartment pathologies reducing the risk of iatrogenic post-operative hip instability.
The Role of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in Monitoring Compliance with Judgments
Authors: Alessandri Pablo Saavedra 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This practice note considers the role of the Inter-American Court in promoting compliance with its judgments. It shows how creative the Court has been, despite scarcity of resources, in helping states to comply with judgments. It discusses some opportunities and challenges through a detailed analysis of cases and of tools currently in use.
Influence of Temperature on Development of Yersinia pestis Foregut Blockage in Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) and Oropsylla montana (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae)
Authors: Lemon Athena , Cherzan Nathan , Vadyvaloo Viveka 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Plague, caused by the flea-transmitted bacterial pathogen Yersinia pestis, is primarily a disease of wild rodents distributed in temperate and tropical zones worldwide. The ability of Y. pestis to develop a biofilm blockage that obstructs the flea foregut proventriculus facilitates its efficient transmission through regurgitation into the host bite site during flea blood sucking. While it is known that temperature influences transmission, it is not well-known if blockage dynamics are similarly in accord with temperature. Here, we determine the influence of the biologically relevant temperatures, 10 and 21°C, on blockage development in flea species, Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild) and Oropsylla montana (Baker), respectively, characterized by geographical distribution as cosmopolitan, tropical or endemic, temperate. We find that both species exhibit delayed development of blockage at 10°C. In Y. pestis infected X. cheopis, this is accompanied by significantly lower survival rates and slightly decreased blockage rates, even though these fleas maintain similar rates of persistent infection as at 21°C. Conversely, irrespective of infection status, O. montana withstand 21 and 10°C similarly well and show significant infection rate increases and slightly greater blocking rates at 10 versus 21°C, emphasizing that cooler temperatures are favorable for Y. pestis transmission from this species. These findings assert that temperature is a relevant parameter to consider in assessing flea transmission efficiency in distinct flea species residing in diverse geographical regions that host endemic plague foci. This is important to predict behavioral dynamics of plague regarding epizootic outbreaks and enzootic maintenance and improve timeous implementation of flea control programs.
Rapid ascents of Mt Everest: normobaric hypoxic preacclimatization
Authors: Tannheimer Markus , Lechner Raimund 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Acclimatization to high altitude is time consuming. An expedition to Mt Everest (8848 m) requires roughly 8 weeks. Therefore it seems very attractive to reach the summit within 3 weeks from home, which is currently promised by some expedition tour operators. These rapid ascent expeditions are based on two main components, normobaric hypoxic training (NHT) prior to the expedition and the use of high flow supplemental oxygen (HFSO2). We attempted to assess the relative importance of these two elements.

Methods
We evaluated the effect of NHT on the basis of the available information of these rapid ascent expeditions and our experiences made during an expedition to Manaslu (8163 m) where we used NHT for preacclimatization. To evaluate the effect of an increased O2 flow rate we calculated its effect at various activity levels at altitudes of 8000 m and above.

Results
So far rapid ascents to Mt Everest have been successful. The participants carried out 8 weeks of NHT, reaching sleeping altitudes = 7100 m and spent at least 300 h in NH. At rest a flow rate of 2 l O2/min is sufficient to keep the partial pressure of inspired oxygen (PIO2) close to 50 mm Hg even at the summit. For ativities of ~80% of the maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) at the summit 6 l O2/min are required to maintain a PIO2 above 50 mm Hg.

Discussion
NHT for preacclimatization seems to be the decisive element of the offered rapid ascent expeditions. An increased O2 flow rate of 8 l/min is not mandatory for climbing Mt Everest.

Conclusions
Preacclimatization using normobaric hypoxica (NH) is far more important than the use of HFSO2. We think that NHT will be widely used in the future. The most effective regimen of preacclimatization in NH, the duration of each session and the optimal FIO2 are still unclear and require further study.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells in COVID-19: A Journey from Bench to Bedside
Authors: Sahu Kamal Kant , Siddiqui Ahmad Daniyal , Cerny Jan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a major setback in both the health and economic sectors across the globe. The scale of the problem is enormous because we still do not have any specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral agent or vaccine. The human immune system has never been exposed to this novel virus, so the viral interactions with the human immune system are completely naive. New approaches are being studied at various levels, including animal in vitro models and human-based studies, to contain the COVID-19 pandemic as soon as possible. Many drugs are being tested for repurposing, but so far only remdesivir has shown some positive benefits based on preliminary reports, but these results also need further confirmation via ongoing trials. Otherwise, no other agents have shown an impactful response against COVID-19. Recently, research exploring the therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in critically ill patients suffering from COVID-19 has gained momentum. The patients belonging to this subset are most likely beyond the point where they could benefit from an antiviral therapy because most of their illness at this stage of disease is driven by inflammatory (over)response of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the potential of MSCs as a therapeutic option for patients with COVID-19, based on the encouraging results from the preliminary data showing improved outcomes in the progression of COVID-19 disease.
The Diagnostic Performance of lncRNAs from Blood Specimens in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Huang Jing-Yi , Wang Si-Yu , Lin Yong , Yi Huo-Chun , Niu Jian-Jun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely involved in the carcinogenesis and development of cancers. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
After the inclusion and exclusion process, relevant information was extracted. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated, and data synthesis was conducted by employing a bivariate random-effects model.

Results
In total, 20 eligible studies were enrolled. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80–0.90) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82–0.92), respectively. The pooled positive likelihood ratio, pooled negative likelihood ratio, and pooled diagnostic odds ratio were 7.1 (95% CI, 4.9–10.2), 0.16 (95% CI, 0.11–0.23), and 44 (95% CI, 25–79), respectively. The results of the linear regression method and visual inspection of the Deeks funnel plot did not indicate significant publication bias.

Conclusion
Our meta-analysis suggested that lncRNAs have high diagnostic performance for HCC and have the potential for clinical application.
Open social scholarship in action
Authors: El Khatib Randa , Arbuckle Alyssa , Winter Caroline , Siemens Ray ,   the Electronic Textual Cultures Lab
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Open social scholarship highlights outreach and partnerships by emphasizing community-driven initiatives in an attempt to bridge the gap between the practices of the university and the goals of the community. Over the last few years, the Electronic Textual Cultures Lab at the University of Victoria has introduced a number of initiatives to this end, including the Open Knowledge Program and Open Scholarship Awards. In describing these initiatives, the article engages the larger framework of community engagement and public-facing scholarship. The guiding questions for this article and our work more broadly are: how can we productively put open social scholarship into practice? What type of scholarship is considered public facing? What is the best practice around co-creating knowledge in the humanities with communities that are academic-aligned or non-academic?
Predictive Power of Dependence Measures for Quitting Smoking. Findings From the 2016 to 2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys
Authors: Le Grande Michael , Borland Ron , Yong Hua-Hie , Cummings K Michael , McNeill Ann , Thompson Mary E , Fong Geoffrey T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
To test whether urges to smoke and perceived addiction to smoking have independent predictive value for quit attempts and short-term quit success over and above the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI).

Aims and Methods
Data were from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Wave 1 (2016) and Wave 2 (2018) surveys. About 3661 daily smokers (daily vapers excluded) provided data in both waves. A series of multivariable logistic regression models assessed the association of each dependence measure on odds of making a quit attempt and at least 1-month smoking abstinence.

Results
Of the 3661 participants, 1594 (43.5%) reported a quit attempt. Of those who reported a quit attempt, 546 (34.9%) reported short-term quit success. Fully adjusted models showed that making quit attempts was associated with lower HSI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.73 to 0.90, p &lt; .001), stronger urges to smoke (aOR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.20, p = .002), and higher perceived addiction to smoking (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.84, p = .008). Lower HSI (aOR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.87, p &lt; .001), weaker urges to smoke (aOR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.95, p = .006), and lower perceived addiction to smoking (aOR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.91, p = .021) were associated with greater odds of short-term quit success. In both cases, overall R2 was around 0.5.

Conclusions
The two additional dependence measures were complementary to HSI adding explanatory power to smoking cessation models, but variance explained remains small.

Implications
Strength of urges to smoke and perceived addiction to smoking may significantly improve prediction of cessation attempts and short-term quit success over and above routinely assessed demographic variables and the HSI. Stratification of analyses by age group is recommended because the relationship between dependence measures and outcomes differs significantly for younger (aged 18–39) compared to older (aged older than 40) participants. Even with the addition of these extra measures of dependence, the overall variance explained in predicting smoking cessation outcomes remains very low. These measures can only be thought of as assessing some aspects of dependence. Current understanding of the factors that ultimately determine quit success remains limited.
The role of vitamin A and its pro-vitamin carotenoids in fetal and neonatal programming: gaps in knowledge and metabolic pathways
Authors: de Souza Mesquita Leonardo M , Mennitti Laís V , de Rosso Veridiana V , Pisani Luciana P 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVitamin A (VA) and its pro-vitamin carotenoids are naturally occurring lipophilic compounds involved in several cellular processes and metabolic pathways. Despite their broad spectrum of activities in the general population, dietary deficiencies of these compounds can potentially affect pregnancy outcomes. Since maternal nutritional status and diet composition during pregnancy and lactation can have long-lasting effects in offspring until adulthood, this study presents an overview of VA and the role of pro-VA carotenoids during pregnancy and lactation – the nutrition, metabolism, and biological effects in the offspring. The review aimed to discuss the pro-VA carotenoids and VA-associated pathways and summarize the results with reference to gestational disorders, and VA and pro-VA carotenoids as preventive agents. Also, considering that obesity, overweight, and metabolic diseases are major public health concerns worldwide, fetal and neonatal development is discussed, highlighting the physiological role of these molecules in obesity prevention. This review comprehensively summarizes the current data and shows the potential impact of these compounds on nutritional status in pregnancy and lactation.
Setting the Atmosphere
Authors: Jones Alisha Lola 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Flaming?: The Peculiar Theopolitics of Fire and Desire in Black Male Gospel Performance intervenes into the crisis narrative of black male participation in historically black Pentecostal churches by examining the striking aural-visual performances of gender expression and sexuality as the Spirit moves upon vocalists’ bodies. By following the discourse surrounding the “flaming” choir director stereotype, I investigate the extent to which men’s unique approaches to music-making are met with spectators’ derision and queries about the extent to which their worship generates queer connotations. Participants are essentially guided by what constitutes a practice of the adage “where there is smoke, there is fire.” If there are rumors about a man’s sexual behavior or if he demonstrates queer potential, than it must be so. This perception is tied to the biblical notion that believers are to stay away from the appearance of activity and affiliations that are regarded as evil.
Church Realness
Authors: Jones Alisha Lola 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chapter 7 examines ethnography of formerly gay gospel recording artist and pastor Donnie McClurkin’s sermonizing as a performance of the heteropatriarchal scripts that manage gospel enthusiasts concerns about queer(ed) musicians’ spiritual fitness and protect the social order of church leadership. Since the early 2000s, McClurkin has been regarded as the architect of the deliverance from homosexuality testimony format of communicating queer sexual history in Pentecostal worship. Men’s performance of church realness in historically black Pentecostal churches is the deployment of sung and spoken heteropresentation and gender conformity. The objective of the performance is both to blend in and to assert dominance in gospel music heteropatriarchal forums in a manner that has been socioculturally required of them.
Introduction—Collaborations
Authors: Whitmore Aleysia K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Introduction provides historical and theoretical background for the book. The chapter offers an historical overview of Cuban music in West Africa, and explains how histories and discourses of globalization, cosmopolitanism, Africa, the black Atlantic, and black internationalism intersect. Musicians, industry personnel, and audiences draw on these histories as they collaborate with each other to create international commodities. The chapter argues that all of these actors see their labor and its products quite differently as they move between and combine local and global markets, African and Afro-diasporic sounds, traditional and hybrid musics, and histories of slavery, colonialism, and independence. Musicians, industry personnel, and audiences work with and push against one another as they continually (re)position themselves in the world music industry.
The Neuroscience and Psychology of Smell II
Authors: Shiner Larry 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 turns to experimental evidence that suggests our sense of smell may lack sufficient cognitive powers to fund reflective aesthetic judgments. The chapter focuses on psychological theories that claim our olfactory system is (1) purely emotional, (2) only capable of simplistic hedonic judgments, (3) unable to reliably identify and name odors, and (4) incurably unconscious. Although these characterizations could be seen as supporting the negative intellectual tradition on smell, the chapter closes by examining recent neuroscience studies of olfactory experts that suggest the human sense of smell, despite its limitations, may indeed be able to support reflective aesthetic experience and judgments. This argument is corroborated by Andreas Keller’s conclusions on the philosophy of olfactory perception.
Fighting for Steiner
Authors: Smith Steven C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
By 1938, Steiner was showing the strain of nonstop work. At home, the presence of his demanding father put strains on Max’s marriage. And although he scored many of Warner Bros.’ most prestigious releases—Dark Victory and the epic western Dodge City are among the works analyzed here—Steiner balked whenever he felt “demoted” and forced to score “westerns and prison pictures.” In March 1939, David O. Selznick decided that he wanted Steiner to score Gone with the Wind. In a revealing letter included in this chapter, Steiner begged Jack Warner to permit this loan-out, “to regain the prestige” he felt he had lost. In Warner’s reply—also included—the mogul praised Steiner as “the best musical composer in the industry,” while reminding him that “the public” were their “most important judges.” Indeed, many of the films Steiner disparaged are now considered classics.
The South Is Dead
Authors: Smith Steven C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
No Steiner project would be more difficult or emotionally draining than Gone with the Wind. This chapter explores how the composer wrote and/or supervised more than three hours of orchestral music in less than two and a half months (while concurrently writing three other film scores), amid constant and often contradictory direction from Selznick. The producer was more combatant than collaborator: “the whole thing had a nightmare quality,” recalled one participant. Due to a near-impossible deadline, Steiner was forced to have members of his team compose several GWTW music cues. These collaborators always worked under Max’s direction, using Steiner-composed leitmotivs. The chapter uses multiple examples of these cues to draw the distinction between the kind of “ghost writing” by uncredited composers that was common in Hollywood, and GWTW, a case in which Steiner remained the primary creative force behind this, his best-loved score.
Breaking Point
Authors: Smith Steven C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
GWTW restored Steiner to the top rank of film composers; and in 1940, Jack Warner assigned him to a series of A-pictures that remain jewels in that studio’s crown. In assessing scores for such movies as The Letter and Sergeant York, this chapter details the instrumental experimentation Steiner used to create fresh sounds (an aspect of his work often neglected). Max also was overjoyed to become a father: son Ronald, he hoped, would continue the Steiner musical dynasty. But years of nonstop work, worsening financial problems, and failing eyesight led the composer to suffer a breakdown in 1941. According to Louise, Steiner—usually a kind and generous man—exploded in a rage, striking his wife with a glass ashtray and hitting her in an apparent mental breakdown. Their subsequent separation initiated years of personal unhappiness, amid one of the most creative periods of Steiner’s life.
Voyage into Fog
Authors: Smith Steven C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter juxtaposes Steiner’s intense correspondence with his estranged wife—then living in New York, and hoping to begin a singing career at age 35—with the emotional power of his scores of the time. They include They Died with Their Boots On, starring Errol Flynn (a rare western Steiner loved scoring, thanks to its rich characterizations), and Now, Voyager, the peak of his work with Bette Davis. The latter score earned Steiner a second Oscar, and partially fulfilled one of his unrealized ambitions: authorship of a popular song. After nearly a decade of battles with ASCAP—which still refused to collect royalties for film music—Now, Voyager’s hit song “It Can’t Be Wrong” yielded Steiner much-needed royalties from sheet music sales and recordings. But these earnings could not save him from mounting debt or convince Louise to return to him.
Indian Summer
Authors: Smith Steven C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter depicts Steiner at the apex of his powers, just before the collapse of the Hollywood studio system. Between 1947 and 1948 Steiner composed several brilliant scores and at least three of his finest: for John Huston’s The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, Jean Negulesco’s Johnny Belinda (which earned Jane Wyman a Best Actress Oscar), and Adventures of Don Juan, starring Errol Flynn in his last big-budget swashbuckler. Don Juan demonstrates the transformative power of film music: during production, the alcoholic Flynn could barely stand. But Steiner’s exuberant, lyrical, and witty score convinced audiences that Flynn remained a larger-than-life hero. In 1947, Steiner married Lee Blair, who would remain a devoted companion to the end of Max’s life. Steiner also lavished son Ronald with expensive gifts—giving the boy everything except what he wanted most: time with his father.