bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative frequency-dependent selection and asymmetrical transformation stabilise multi-strain bacterial population structures
Authors: Harrow Gabrielle L , Lees John A , Hanage William P , Lipsitch Marc , Corander Jukka , Colijn Caroline , Croucher Nicholas J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae can be divided into many strains, each a distinct set of isolates sharing similar core and accessory genomes, which co-circulate within the same hosts. Previous analyses suggested the short-term vaccine-associated dynamics of S. pneumoniae strains may be mediated through multi-locus negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS), which maintains accessory loci at equilibrium frequencies. Long-term simulations demonstrated NFDS stabilised clonally-evolving multi-strain populations through preventing the loss of variation through drift, based on polymorphism frequencies, pairwise genetic distances and phylogenies. However, allowing symmetrical recombination between isolates evolving under multi-locus NFDS generated unstructured populations of diverse genotypes. Replication of the observed data improved when multi-locus NFDS was combined with recombination that was instead asymmetrical, favouring deletion of accessory loci over insertion. This combination separated populations into strains through outbreeding depression, resulting from recombinants with reduced accessory genomes having lower fitness than their parental genotypes. Although simplistic modelling of recombination likely limited these simulations’ ability to maintain some properties of genomic data as accurately as those lacking recombination, the combination of asymmetrical recombination and multi-locus NFDS could restore multi-strain population structures from randomised initial populations. As many bacteria inhibit insertions into their chromosomes, this combination may commonly underlie the co-existence of strains within a niche.
Cervicovaginal bacterial communities in reproductive-aged Tanzanian women withSchistosoma mansoni,Schistosoma haematobium, or without schistosome infection
Authors: Bullington Brooke W , Lee Myung Hee , Mlingi Jane , Paul Ndalloh , Aristide Christine , Fontana Emily , Littmann Eric R , Mukerebe Crispin , Shigella Peter , Kashangaki Philibert , Kalluvya Samuel E , de Dood Claudia J , van Dam Govert J , Corstjens Paul L A M , Fitzgerald Daniel W , Pamer Eric G , Downs Jennifer A 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSchistosome infection is recognized as a potentially modifiable risk factor for HIV in women by the World Health Organization. Alterations in cervicovaginal bacteria have been associated with HIV acquisition and have not been studied in schistosome infection. We collected cervical swabs from Tanzanian women with and without S. mansoni and S. haematobium to determine effects on cervicovaginal microbiota. Infected women were treated, and follow-up swabs were collected after 3 months. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from swabs. We compared 39 women with S. mansoni with 52 uninfected controls, and 16 with S. haematobium with 27 controls. S. mansoni-infected women had increased abundance of Peptostreptococcus (p = 0.026) and presence of Prevotella timonesis (p = 0.048) compared to controls. High-intensity S. haematobium infection was associated with more diverse cervicovaginal bacterial communities than uninfected controls (p = 0.0159). High-intensity S. mansoni infection showed a similar trend (p = 0.154). At follow-up, we observed increased alpha diversity in S. mansoni (2.53 vs. 1.72, p = 0.022) and S. haematobium (2.05 vs. 1.12, p = 0.066) infection groups compared to controls. Modifications in cervicovaginal microbiota, particularly increased diversity and abundance of taxa associated with bacterial vaginosis and HIV (Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella), were associated with schistosome infection.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the gut–brain axis
Authors: Barroso Andreia , Mahler João Vitor , Fonseca-Castro Pedro Henrique , Quintana Francisco J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor initially identified as the receptor for dioxin. Almost half a century after its discovery, AHR is now recognized as a receptor for multiple physiological ligands, with important roles in health and disease. In this review, we discuss the role of AHR in the gut–brain axis and its potential value as a therapeutic target for immune-mediated diseases.
Improvement of the hydrogen storage characteristics of MgH2 with a flake Ni nano-catalyst composite
Authors: Yang Xinglin , Hou Quanhui , Yu Libing , Zhang Jiaqi 
Published: January 2021

The Mg2Ni/Mg2NiH4 formed in the original position in process of hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation is distributed around Mg/MgH2, which accelerates the rate of hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation.
Electrocatalytically inactive copper improves the water adsorption/dissociation on Ni3S2for accelerated alkaline and neutral hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Lei , Gao Xiaorui , Zhu Ying , Liu Acan , Dong Huilong , Wu Dajun , Han Zhida , Wang Wei , Fang Yong , Zhang Jie , Kou Zongkui , Qian Bin , Wang Ting-Ting 
Published: January 2021

Electrochemically inactive Cu was introduced into Ni3S2 nanoparticles to accelerate its Volmer step and strengthen water adsorption/dissociation on the respective Ni and S sites during the HER process, leading to superior HER performances.
A new simplified fundamental model‐based sensorless control method for surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous machines
Authors: Wu Ximeng , Zhu Zi‐qiang , Wu Zhan‐yuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor sensorless control of surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous machines (SPMSMs), the major issue is in zero‐ and low‐speed ranges. Since back‐electromotive force (EMF) is proportional to speed, back‐EMF based methods fail at zero and low speed. A solution considering the starting process and low speed sensorless control is presented. A simplified fundamental model‐based method is proposed. Based on the simplified model, the measured stator currents in the stationary reference frame can be directly utilised for position estimation so that the sensorless control performance at low speed and starting is improved. Moreover, with the knowledge of rotor initial position sector information, a stable and reliable starting performance is achieved with the proposed method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through experimental results.
Small‐signal analysis of multiple virtual synchronous machines to enhance frequency stability of grid‐connected high renewables
Authors: Kerdphol Thongchart , Rahman Fathin Saifur , Watanabe Masayuki , Mitani Yasunori , Hongesombut Komsan , Phunpeng Veena , Ngamroo Issarachai , Turschner Dirk 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe virtual synchronous machine technology is considered as an important technique to effectively control the shortcomings of renewable energy‐based power electronics interfaces, providing backup inertia and regulating grid stability. Conventionally, the virtual synchronous machine with a large capacity is responsible for controlling the entire grid stability against renewable penetration. It is usually operated as a centralised control system. But what if virtual synchronous machines with small capacities are independently operated by their additional droop control schemes, and will they present better performance than the single virtual synchronous machine? This study proposes the multiple virtual synchronous machine system with different active power‐frequency (P‐f) droop characteristics to improve inertia support regarding frequency stability improvement. The comprehensive small‐signal modelling of the multiple virtual synchronous machine unit is designed to include the additional P‐f droop characteristics. Then, the dynamic characteristics (steady‐state and transient responses) and static stability of the multiple virtual synchronous machines are compared with the single virtual synchronous machine at the same rated capacity in both eigenvalue/sensitivity‐domain and time‐domain analysis. The obtained results reveal that the system with the presence of several virtual synchronous machines is more stable than the system with single virtual synchronous machine, maintaining stable and secure system operation during the contingency.
The luminous and rapidly evolving SN 2018bcc
Authors: Karamehmetoglu E. , Fransson C. , Sollerman J. , Tartaglia L. , Taddia F. , De K. , Fremling C. , Bagdasaryan A. , Barbarino C. , Bellm E. C. , Dekany R. , Dugas A. M. , Giomi M. , Goobar A. , Graham M. , Ho A. , Laher R. R. , Masci F. J. , Neill J. D. , Perley D. , Riddle R. , Rusholme B. , Soumagnac M. T. 
Published: January 2021

Context. Supernovae (SNe) Type Ibn are rapidly evolving and bright (MR, peak ∼ −19) transients interacting with He-rich circumstellar material (CSM). SN 2018bcc, detected by the ZTF shortly after explosion, provides the best constraints on the shape of the rising light curve (LC) of a fast Type Ibn.
Aims. We used the high-quality data set of SN 2018bcc to study observational signatures of the class. Additionally, the powering mechanism of SN 2018bcc offers insights into the debated progenitor connection of Type Ibn SNe.
Methods. We compared well-constrained LC properties obtained from empirical models with the literature. We fit the pseudo-bolometric LC with semi-analytical models powered by radioactive decay and CSM interaction. Finally, we modeled the line profiles and emissivity of the prominent He I lines, in order to study the formation of P-Cygni profiles and to estimate CSM properties.
Results. SN 2018bcc had a rise time to peak of the LC of 5.6−0.1+0.2 days in the restframe with a rising shape power-law index close to 2, and seems to be a typical rapidly evolving Type Ibn SN. The spectrum lacked signatures of SN-like ejecta and was dominated by over 15 He emission features at 20 days past peak, alongside Ca and Mg, all with VFWHM ∼ 2000 km s−1. The luminous and rapidly evolving LC could be powered by CSM interaction but not by the decay of radioactive 56Ni. Modeling of the He I lines indicated a dense and optically thick CSM that can explain the P-Cygni profiles.
Conclusions. Like other rapidly evolving Type Ibn SNe, SN 2018bcc is a luminous transient with a rapid rise to peak powered by shock interaction inside a dense and He-rich CSM. Its spectra do not support the existence of two Type Ibn spectral classes. We also note the remarkable observational match to pulsational pair instability SN models.
Coronary Artery Disease Phenotype Detection in an Academic Hospital System Setting
Authors: Joseph Amy , Mullett Charles , Lilly Christa , Armistead Matthew , Cox Harold J. , Denney Michael , Varma Misha , Rich David , Adjeroh Donald A. , Doretto Gianfranco , Neal William , Pyles Lee A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background The United States, and especially West Virginia, have a tremendous burden of coronary artery disease (CAD). Undiagnosed familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an important factor for CAD in the U.S. Identification of a CAD phenotype is an initial step to find families with FH.
Objective We hypothesized that a CAD phenotype detection algorithm that uses discrete data elements from electronic health records (EHRs) can be validated from EHR information housed in a data repository.
Methods We developed an algorithm to detect a CAD phenotype which searched through discrete data elements, such as diagnosis, problem lists, medical history, billing, and procedure (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]-9/10 and Current Procedural Terminology [CPT]) codes. The algorithm was applied to two cohorts of 500 patients, each with varying characteristics. The second (younger) cohort consisted of parents from a school child screening program. We then determined which patients had CAD by systematic, blinded review of EHRs. Following this, we revised the algorithm by refining the acceptable diagnoses and procedures. We ran the second algorithm on the same cohorts and determined the accuracy of the modification.
Results CAD phenotype Algorithm I was 89.6% accurate, 94.6% sensitive, and 85.6% specific for group 1. After revising the algorithm (denoted CAD Algorithm II) and applying it to the same groups 1 and 2, sensitivity 98.2%, specificity 87.8%, and accuracy 92.4; accuracy 93% for group 2. Group 1 F1 score was 92.4%. Specific ICD-10 and CPT codes such as “coronary angiography through a vein graft” were more useful than generic terms.
Conclusion We have created an algorithm, CAD Algorithm II, that detects CAD on a large scale with high accuracy and sensitivity (recall). It has proven useful among varied patient populations. Use of this algorithm can extend to monitor a registry of patients in an EHR and/or to identify a group such as those with likely FH.
Three Cases of Joubert Syndrome in a Consanguineous Syrian Family and a Interesting Case of Multinational Collaboration
Authors: Petrović Davor , Čulić Vida , Swinderek-Alsayed Zofia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a rare congenital, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a distinctive brain malformation, developmental delay, ocular motor apraxia, breathing abnormalities, and high clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We are reporting three siblings with JS from consanguineous parents in Syria. Two of them had the same homozygous c.2172delA (p.Trp725Glyfs*) AHI1 mutation and the third was diagnosed prenatally with magnetic resonance imaging. This pathogenic variant is very rare and described in only a few cases in the literature. Multinational collaboration could be of benefit for the patients from undeveloped, low-income countries that have a low-quality health care system, especially for the diagnosis of rare diseases.
The stakeholder model: its relevance, concept, and application in the Indonesian banking sector
Authors: Rissy Yafet Yosafet Wilben 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article examines the current Indonesian Financial Service Authority (IFSA) regulations on corporate governance that deal with the relevance, concept, and application of the stakeholder model in the Indonesian banking sector. This study shows that the current IFSA regulations on corporate governance in the Indonesian banking sector encourage the application of the stakeholder model. However, they contain a vague definition of a stakeholder, fail to properly identify the legitimate stakeholders of the Indonesian banking sector, and provide no principles that can be used to align bank stakeholders’ interests. IFSA should revise these regulations so that they are more compatible with the theoretical basis and international best practices. This can be done through providing a concise definition of the concept of a stakeholder and offering normative and practical principles to be used when identifying the Indonesian banking sector legitimate stakeholders and aligning stakeholders’ interests.
The retranslation of Chinese political texts
Authors: Pan Feng , Li Tao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The past three decades have witnessed an increase in research on retranslation. Drawing on Critical Discourse Analysis,
this study examines the retranslation of political texts – specifically Work Reports by the Communist Party of China – as a special genre in
its own right. By concentrating on the retranslation of a recurring set of Chinese political concepts, culture-specific items, and preferred
usages into English from the early 1990s to the late 2010s, this study shows how and why the retranslations have been carried out, as
motivated by the evolving ideologies of the original author – the Communist Party of China. The retranslations are shown to be influenced by
the broader social, economic, and political dynamics within China, rather than by prevailing factors within the receiving culture or
variables associated with the individual translators, as is commonly suggested in the literature. Our findings add to the existing body of
research into retranslation by extending the genres and contexts of retranslation research.
Methanol formation chemistry with revised reactions scheme
Authors: Alekseevna Sokolova Valeriia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of the presented work is to analyze the impact of experimentally evaluated reactions of hydrogen abstraction on surfaces of interstellar grains on the chemical evolution of methanol and its precursors on grains and in the gas phase under conditions of a cold dark cloud and during the collapse of a translucent cloud into a dark cloud. Analysis of simulation results shows that those reactions are highly efficient destruction channels for HCO and H2CO on grain surfaces, and significantly impact the abundances of almost all molecules participating in the formation of CH3OH. Next, in models with those reactions, maximum abundances of methanol in gas and on grain surfaces decrease by more than 2–3 orders of magnitude in comparison to models without surface abstraction reactions of hydrogen. Finally, we study the impact of binding energies of CH2OH and CH3O radicals on methanol chemistry.
Research and application of reanalysis data for radio astronomical site testing
Authors: Li Ming-Shuai , Li Rui , Wang Na , Zheng Xing-Wu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Selecting a good site for ground-based astronomy is very important. Based on the ERA-Interim global reanalysis data, this paper studied the atmospheric conditions of the Qitai Telescope (QTT) site from the aspects of absolute humidity, mixing ratio and precipitable water vapor (PWV). Error estimations of meteorological parameters are also analyzed. These primary results show that the QTT site has obvious advantages in terms of conditions with much less atmospheric water vapor than two well-known existing sites with 100-meter-aperture radio telescopes in the world. In addition, due to the influence of atmospheric water vapor on radio observations, the atmospheric transmittance for each frequency band of the site are simulated, and the atmospheric opacity is also calculated as well as Planck radiation brightness. Based on these results, the effective observational time of different bands is further estimated.
Laboratory study of the formation of fullerene (from smaller to larger, C44 to C70)/anthracene cluster cations in the gas phase
Authors: Zhang De-Ping , Yang Yuan-Yuan , Hu Xiao-Yi , Zhen Jun-Feng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The formation and evolution mechanism of fullerenes in the planetary nebula or in the interstellar medium are still not understood. Here, we present the study on the cluster formation and the relative reactivity of fullerene cations (from smaller to larger, C44 to C70) with anthracene molecule (C14H10). The experiment is performed in an apparatus that combines a quadrupole ion trap with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. By using a 355 nm laser beam to irradiate the trapped fullerenes cations (C60
+ or C70
+), smaller fullerene cations C(60 – 2n)
+, n = 1 – 8 or C(70 – 2m)
+, m = 1 – 11 are generated, respectively. Then reacting with anthracene molecules, series of fullerene/anthracene cluster cations are newly formed (e.g., (C14H10)C(60 – 2n)
+, n = 1 – 8 and (C14H10)C(70 – 2m)
+, m = 1 – 11), and slight difference of the reactivity within the smaller fullerene cations are observed. Nevertheless, smaller fullerenes show obviously higher reactivity when comparing to fullerene C60
+ and C70
+. A successive loss of C2 fragments mechanism is suggested to account for the formation of smaller fullerene cations, which then undergo addition reaction with anthracene molecules to form the fullerene-anthracene cluster cations. It is found that the higher laser energy and longer irradiation time are key factors that affect the formation of smaller fullerene cations. This may indicate that in the strong radiation field environment (such as photon-dominated regions) in space, fullerenes are expected to follow the top-down evolution route, and then form small grain dust (e.g., clusters) through collision reaction with co-existing molecules, here, smaller PAHs.
The influence of the observational strategies of pulsar timing on the properties of pulsar clocks
Authors: Zhang Zhe-Hao , Tong Ming-Lei , Zhao Cheng-Shi , Zhu Xing-Zhi , Gao Feng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Pulsars are very stable spinning stars, which have the potential to application in the work of time-keeping and autonomous navigation in deep space. For time application, an individual pulsar can be regarded as a clock. The accuracy and stability of a pulsar clock are mainly determined by various timing noises and the measurement errors; however, they would be affected by the concrete observational strategy. Taking four millisecond pulsars from the first data released by International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) as an example, we investigated the influences of different observational strategies on the properties of pulsar clocks by removing some data in various ways. We find that the long-term stabilities of pulsar clocks are nearly not affected by increasing the observational cadence with a fixed time span. It is also found that the capabilities of prediction by pulsar clocks are also hardly affected by different observational strategies, which is reflected by both the stable weighted root-mean-square (wrms) and the stability of the resulting pre-fit timing residuals, unless the data span is too short or the data period is too far from the start of prediction.
Segments of spiral arms of the Galaxy traced by classical Cepheids: effects of age heterogeneity
Authors: Veselova Angelina V. , Nikiforov Igor’ I. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We investigated the dependence of the parameters of the segments of spiral arms of the Galaxy on the age of classical Cepheids. The catalog of Cepheids (Mel’nik et al.) was divided into two samples— relatively young (P > 9d) and relatively old (P < 9d) objects. The parameters of the spiral structure were determined both for two samples separately and jointly for the combination of two systems of segments traced by young and old objects. For most of the segments, their parameters for young and old objects differ significantly. Taking into account the difference between the two segment systems, we obtained the estimate R
0 equal to

7.23

−
0.18

+
0.19

kpc, which in the modern Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) calibration corresponds to the value of

R
0

=

8.08

−
0.20

+
0.21

|

stat
.

−
0.36

+
0.38

|

cal
.

kpc. It is shown that the displacement between the segments is not reduced to the effect of differential rotation only. To interpret this displacement for objects of Perseus and Sagittarius-2 segments, we carried out a dynamic modeling of the change in the position of the segment points when moving in the smooth gravitational field of the Galaxy. At the angular velocity of rotation of the spiral pattern Ωp = 25.2 ± 0.5 km s−1 kpc−1 (Dambis et al.) the observed displacement between segments on young and old objects can be explained by the amplitude of spiral perturbations of the radial velocity of u = 10 ± 1.5 km s−1. For the constructed double system of spiral segments, it is demonstrated that the assumption of constancy of the pitch angles within each segment and the assumption that the pole of the spiral pattern is in the direction of the nominal center of the Galaxy do not contradict the data within the range of uncertainty.