bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kalium jodatum – segensreich, aber nicht leicht zu finden
Authors: Trebin Ernst 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungNach einer Einführung in seine miasmatisch-strukturierte homöopathische Arbeitsweise mit Bevorzugung mineralischer Salze skizziert der Autor 7 Krankengeschichten, in deren Behandlung Kalium jodatum eine entscheidende Rolle spielte. Biografische Prägungen aufgrund problematischer Familienverhältnisse scheinen bei der Ausbildung der Krankheitssymptomatik eine besondere Bedeutung einzunehmen, was als Kausalität dem Jodum-Bild zugrunde liegen könnte.
Functional Characteristics of Novel FGFR1 Mutations in Patients with Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency
Authors: Choi Jin-Ho , Oh Arum , Lee Yena , Kim Gu-Hwan , Yoo Han-Wook 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency
(IGD) has a wide phenotypic spectrum including Kallmann syndrome (KS) and
normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH). FGFR1
mutations have been identified in 3–10% of patients with KS or
nIHH. This study was performed to investigate clinical phenotypes and functional
characteristics of FGFR1 mutations in patients with IGD.
Methods This study included 8 patients (from 7 families) with
FGFR1 mutations identified by targeted gene panel sequencing or whole
exome sequencing (WES). The impact of the identified mutations on FGFR1 function
was assessed using in vitro studies.
Results Seven heterozygous mutations in FGFR1 were identified in 8
patients from 7 independent families. The patients exhibited a wide spectrum of
pubertal development, including anosmia in a prepubertal boy (n=1),
delayed puberty (n=2), nIHH (n=3), and KS (n=2). Four of
the mutations were classified as likely pathogenic, and the other three were
variants of uncertain significance. FGF8-FGFR1 signaling activities for the
novel FGFR1 variants (p.Y339H, p.S681I, and p.N185Kfs*16) were reduced
by in vitro functional assay, indicating loss-of-function mutations.
Conclusions This study identified seven rare sequence variants in
FGFR1 in patients with KS and nIHH. Probands with an FGFR1
mutations displayed a wide phenotypic spectrum ranging from KS to anosmia. A
prepubertal male with anosmia should be followed up to assess pubertal
development because they can manifest hypogonadotropic hypogonadism after
puberty. These results expand the phenotypic spectrum of FGFR1 mutations
and suggest a broader biologic role of FGFR1 in reproduction.
The Effect of Divided Attention with Bounce Drop Jump on Dynamic Postural Stability
Authors: Lin Jian-Zhi , Tai Wei-Hsun , Chiu Lan-Yi , Lin Yu-An , Lee Heng-Ju 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study determined the effect of divided attention on controlling postural stability during a drop vertical jump task. In total, 30 participants were tested for drop vertical jumps from a 30-cm high platform and landing on a single leg with or without divided attention tasks. Three-dimensional marker trajectories and ground reaction forces were collected simultaneously. Vertical ground reaction force, loading rate, and dynamic postural stability index were analyzed with or without divided attention tasks. The paired sample t test indicated a significantly low knee flexion angle, high vertical ground reaction force, and increased loading rate in the divided attention task. Moreover, participants showed an increased vertical stability index and dynamic postural stability index in the divided attention task than in the nondivided attention task. Thus, results demonstrated that the divided attention task could affect posture control, leading to poor dynamic posture stability and possibly increasing lower extremity injury risk. The influence of the divided attention task on movement quality likely indicates that an athlete can no longer focus his attention on the bounce drop jump maneuver. Therefore, the bounce drop jump combined with dynamic postural stability index could be used in posture stability screening.
Characterization of a Structural Leoligin Analog as Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist and Modulator of Cholesterol Transport
Authors: Ladurner Angela , Linder Thomas , Wang Limei , Hiebl Verena , Schuster Daniela , Schnürch Michael , Mihovilovic Marko D. , Atanasov Atanas G. , Dirsch Verena M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ligand-activated farnesoid X receptor is an emerging therapeutic target for the development of drugs against metabolic syndrome-related diseases. In this context, selective bile acid receptor modulators represent a novel concept for drug development. Selective bile acid receptor modulators act in a target gene- or tissue-specific way and are therefore considered less likely to elicit unwanted side effects. Based on leoligin, a lignan-type secondary plant metabolite from the alpine plant Leontopodium nivale ssp. alpinum, 168 synthesized structural analogs were screened in a farnesoid X receptor in silico pharmacophore-model. Fifty-six virtual hits were generated. These hits were tested in a cell-based farnesoid X receptor transactivation assay and yielded 7 farnesoid X receptor-activating compounds. The most active one being LT-141A, with an EC50 of 6 µM and an Emax of 4.1-fold. This analog did not activate the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor, TGR5, and the metabolic nuclear receptors retinoid X receptor α, liver X receptors α/β, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors β/γ. Investigation of different farnesoid X receptor target genes characterized LT-141A as selective bile acid receptor modulators. Functional studies revealed that LT-141A increased cholesterol efflux from THP-1-derived macrophages via enhanced ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 expression. Moreover, cholesterol uptake in differentiated Caco-2 cells was significantly decreased upon LT-141A treatment. In conclusion, the leoligin analog LT-141A selectively activates the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor and has an influence on cholesterol transport in 2 model systems.
Virtual Reality Reduces Pain in Laboring Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wong Melissa S. , Spiegel Brennan M.R. , Gregory Kimberly D. 
Published: June 2020

Objective Virtual reality (VR) represents a potential method for easing labor pain and in nonpregnant patients has been shown to achieve similar or greater analgesia than hydromorphone. Few studies of VR have been performed in pregnant women. The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to evaluate whether VR is effective in reducing pain in laboring women.
Study Design An open-label, RCT of nulliparous, term women in labor in a tertiary care hospital. We included women with a pain score level of 4 to 7 having regular contractions at least every 5 minutes. We excluded women who had received any pharmacologic pain relief including neuraxial analgesia and those with contraindications to VR. Participants were randomized to up to 30 minutes of either VR or the control arm (no additional intervention). Our primary outcome was the difference in differences from pre- to postintervention pain score. Prespecified secondary outcomes included postintervention pain scores, duration of intervention use, pharmacologic analgesia use, maternal vitals, and obstetric outcomes.
Results From March 2018 to February 2019, 40 subjects were enrolled, randomized, and completed the study; 19 were randomized to control and 21 to the VR arm. Most baseline characteristics were similar between groups. For the primary outcome, those assigned to the control arm had a statistically significant increase in pain of +0.58, while the VR arm had a significant reduction in pain of −0.52 (p = 0.03). There was also a difference in the proportion who had a minimum clinically important difference in pain (0% control and 23.8% VR; p = 0.049). Postintervention maternal heart rate was higher in the control arm (86.8 vs. 76.3, p = 0.01). Most other secondary outcomes did not differ.
Conclusion In our study, we found that VR was effective for reducing pain in women in labor as compared with those receiving no intervention.
Key Points
Aortic Isthmus Doppler Velocimetry in Fetuses with Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Literature Review
Authors: Ferraz Mariana Martins , Araújo Flávia do Vale , Carvalho Paulo Roberto Nassar de , Sá Renato Augusto Moreira de 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with poor perinatal prognosis and a higher risk of stillbirth, neonatal death, and cerebral palsy. Its detection and the evaluation of its severity by new Doppler velocimetric parameters, such as aortic isthmus (AoI), are of great relevance for obstetrical practice. The AoI is a vascular segment that represents a point of communication between the right and left fetal circulations. It is considered to be a functional arterial shunt that reflects the relationship between the systemic and cerebral impedances, and has recently been proposed as a tool to detect the status of hemodynamic balance and prognosis of IUGR in fetuses. In the present review, we noticed that in healthy fetuses, the AoI net flow is always antegrade, but in fetuses with IUGR the deterioration of placental function leads to progressive reduction in its flow until it becomes mostly retrograde; this point is associated with a drastic reduction in oxygen delivery to the brain. The more impaired the AoI flow is, the greater is the risk of impairment in the Doppler velocimetry of other vessels; and the alterations of the AoI Doppler seem to precede other indicators of severe hypoxemia. Although there seems to be an association between the presence of retrograde flow in the AoI and the risk of long-term neurologic disability, its role in the prediction of perinatal morbi-mortality remains unclear. The AoI Doppler seems to be a promising tool in the management of fetuses with IUGR, but more studies are needed to investigate its employment in clinical practice.
Early Economic Analysis of Robotic-Assisted Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty May Be Cost Effective in Patients with End-Stage Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yeroushalmi David , Feng James , Nherera Leo , Trueman Paul , Schwarzkopf Ran 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA), as an alternative to total knee arthroplasty (TKA), has been shown to be an effective option for patients with single-compartment end-stage knee osteoarthritis. Implant survival is contingent upon proper alignment, which has been improved with the advent of robotic-assisted surgery (r-UKA), but whether this outweighs the increased cost of the robotic-assist device has not been analyzed in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mid-term cost-effectiveness of r-UKA compared with UKA with traditional instrumentation (t-UKA) in the United States. A cost-effectiveness analysis using a four-state Markov model was performed using data from the 2018 National Joint Registry of England and Wales and a retrospective multicenter, cohort study on a cohort of 65-year-old patients having undergone r-UKA. The main outcome was cost per revision avoided and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of using different model assumptions on the results. The Markov model illustrated that the benefit derived from r-UKA versus t-UKA was beneficial from a payer's perspective. The estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was $14,737 per revision avoided in a facility seeing 100 patients a year. Case volume was shown to be the primary variable affecting cost-effectiveness, with the value of r-UKA directly increasing with higher case volumes. Cost-effectiveness analyses demonstrated that the use of r-UKA is an effective alternative to t-UKA in patients with single-compartment knee osteoarthritis. While this study could benefit from longer follow-up clinical studies to illustrate the benefits of r-UKAs beyond the current 2 years time horizon, r-UKAs remained cost-effective, even after investigating several different assumptions.
Partially Healed Malaligned Distal Radius Fracture. Surgical Treatment in Patients older than 70 Years
Authors: Cruz-Sánchez Marcos , De la Torre-Rojo Jaime , Martínez-Andrade Cristóbal 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction Management of distal radius fractures remains controversial despite their high frequency. Elderly patients specifically present a high rate of secondary displacement, sometimes requiring a complex reconstructive surgery. The surgical treatment of displaced fractures evolving for several weeks in elderly patients has not been clearly reflected in the literature. This study aims to show clinical and radiological outcomes from this particular situation.
Material and Methods Retrospective study of 31 cases of distal radius fractures with more than 2 weeks of evolution. Fractures were graded according to the Fernández's classification. Pre- and postoperative radiological studies were carried out to evaluate the degree of correction achieved. A clinical evaluation was performed using the Mayo Wrist Score. Data on arthroscopy and bone substitutes use, specific surgical tips and complications were also collected.
Results Thirty-one patients with a mean age of 76 years old were operated for distal radius fracture with a delay in surgical treatment of 22 days. The most frequent fracture pattern was Fernández type III (38.7%). The clinical outcome according to the Mayo Wrist Score was 81.94 points with no relationship to fracture pattern or arthroscopic assistance. A statistically significant improvement was achieved for the correction of radial inclination, joint gap and ulnar variance. No statistically significant improvement was achieved in volar tilt correction. Complications were observed in 12.9% of the cases.
Conclusions Delayed surgical treatment of distal radius fracture in elderly patients provides similar results to those observed in other age groups and time of evolution. Despite not being the ideal scenario for the surgeon, it should be considered to avoid functional deterioration in this fragile age group.
A Rare Cause of Hand Infection: Streptococcus Constellatus
Authors: Nogueira Rúben Malcata , Vasconcelos Carolina , Teixeira Nelson 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHand infections represent common medical and surgical challenges that endanger delicate structures with severe consequences if not promptly addressed. Early identification and management are essential to achieve optimal outcomes. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case caused by Streptococcus constellatus, in which a severe periungueal infection evolved rapidly with septic thrombosis of digital vessels and culminated in amputation. This microorganism belongs to a group of commensal bacteria, Streptococcus milleri, that causes dental, peritonsillar and sinus abscesses. When bacteriemia outbursts, distant abscesses may form or endocarditis may ensue. A missed diagnosis and treatment can induce important morbidities, often delayed by the difficult isolation of the agent in the laboratory and its complex mechanisms of antibacterial resistance. This article focus on the importance of identifying serious hand infections requiring urgent or emergent treatment, since delayed or inadequate identification and management can lead to important and permanent deficits.
Use of Vascularized Periosteal Flaps in Upper Extremity Pathology
Authors: Barrera-Ochoa Sergi , Alabau-Rodriguez Sergi , Liburd Dorka , González Maria Victoria , Mir-Bulló Xavier , Soldado Francisco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMassive bone defects represent a challenge in orthopedics. The structural and biological contribution of vascularized bone flaps has significantly improved their treatment. Similarly, free vascularized periosteal flaps (VPF) have been used to treat bone defects in children, with higher flexibility, adaptability to the recipient's bed and good osteogenic and osteoinductive capacity. However, these are complex techniques related to donor area morbidity. We have started anatomical and clinical studies on the application of pediculated VPF in recalcitrant massive defects to reduce this morbidity. This article summarizes the fundamental aspects of the surgical technique, the main anatomical findings from cadaveric dissections and the applicability of pediculated VPF to treat biologically unfavorable bone defects at the upper limb. The authors review the vascularized humeral periosteal flap (VHPF), the dorso-ulnar and volar-radial forearm periosteal flaps and the vascularized first metacarpal periosteal flap, all described in previous papers. As a novelty, the dorsal wrist and hand VPF (4-5 radial periosteal flap and dorsum of the second metacarpal bone periosteal flap) are presented. In addition, clinical cases with recent VPF applications in common upper limb conditions are described.
Confirmation Bias Affects Estimation of Blood Loss and Amniotic Fluid Volume: A Randomized Simulation-Based Trial
Authors: Atallah Fouad , Moreno-Jackson Rafine , McLaren Rodney , Fisher Nelli , Weedon Jeremy , Jones Sharifa , Minkoff Howard 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to determine if confirmation bias affects diagnoses in obstetrics, specifically estimation of blood loss and amniotic fluid volume.
Study Design We performed a randomized simulation-based trial. Participants went through the following three consecutive scenarios: (1) the first involved estimating the volume of blood (actually a blood-like substance) in a container at the simulation model's perineum. The actual volume was either 500 or 1,500 mL. Participants were told it was blood seen after a vaginal delivery. One group was told that the “patient” was normotensive, the other was told that the “patient” was hypotensive. (2) The second scenario involved estimation of amniotic fluid from an ultrasound picture of four quadrants, with one group told that the patient was normotensive and the other group told that the patient had chronic hypertension. (3) The third scenario was a “negative image” of the first (i.e., if they had been randomized to the 500 mL/normotensive in scenario one, then they would be presented with the 1,500 mL/hypotensive). They also filled a survey including demographics and tolerance of ambiguity and confirmation bias scales.
Results From April 2018 through May 2018, a convenience sample of 85 providers was recruited. Participants were more likely to overestimate blood loss when they were told that the patient was hypotensive (p = 0.024), in comparison to when they were told the patient had normal blood pressure. They were also less likely to estimate the amniotic fluid as normal when they were told that the patient was hypertensive (p = 0.032).
Conclusion Confirmation bias affects estimates of blood loss and amniotic fluid.
Compensation of residual amplitude modulation fluctuations in an optoelectronic system for laser radiation frequency stabilisation
Authors: Kryuchkov D.S. , Zhadnov N.O. , Kudeyarov K.S. , Vishnyakova G.A. , Khabarova K.Yu. , Kolachevsky N.N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fluctuations of residual amplitude modulation in a scheme of laser frequency stabilisation by a Fabry – Perot cavity reduce the frequency stability of the laser systems intended for interrogating clock transitions of atoms and ions. The dependences of the residual amplitude modulation on a temperature of the waveguide-based electro-optical modulator used for modulating the radiation phase and on polarisation of the radiation are measured. The parameters are found, at which the influence of the residual amplitude modulation on the frequency stability is minimal. A system for active compensation is created, which reduces the contribution of fluctuations of residual amplitude modulation to the instability down to 2.1 × 10−16, which makes it possible to reach the thermal noise limit of a silicon cryogenic cavity.
CAMSAP3 facilitates basal body polarity and the formation of the central pair of microtubules in motile cilia
Authors: Robinson Alan M. , Takahashi Satoe , Brotslaw Eva J. , Ahmad Aisha , Ferrer Emma , Procissi Daniele , Richter Claus-Peter , Cheatham Mary Ann , Mitchell Brian J. , Zheng Jing 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceCilia are composed of hundreds of proteins whose identities and functions are far from being completely understood. In this study, we determined that calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein 3 (CAMSAP3) plays an important role for the function of motile cilia in multiciliated cells (MCCs). Global knockdown of CAMSAP3 protein expression in mice resulted in defects in ciliary structures, polarity, and synchronized beating in MCCs. These animals also displayed signs and symptoms reminiscent of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), including a mild form of hydrocephalus, subfertility, and impaired mucociliary clearance that leads to hyposmia, anosmia, rhinosinusitis, and otitis media. Functional characterization of CAMSAP3 enriches our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation and function of motile cilia in MCCs.
Solar geoengineering may lead to excessive cooling and high strategic uncertainty
Authors: Abatayo Anna Lou , Bosetti Valentina , Casari Marco , Ghidoni Riccardo , Tavoni Massimo 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceGoverning climate change and other global commons is challenging. Climate engineering has recently gained attention as a way to manage climate risks. Solar geoengineering is a technology that allows countries to unilaterally influence the world temperature. Solar geoengineering could trigger conflicting interventions by countries who prefer different temperatures; economic theory suggests that countries wanting a cooler climate impose it on others. Other countries may react through countergeoengineering interventions. We study the governance of solar geoengineering using a laboratory experiment in which participants engage in a public good-or-bad game. Results confirm that too much geoengineering can occur, leading to considerable economic losses and increased inequality. The experiment also highlights unforeseen governance risks associated with such technologies.
Gaussian determinantal processes: A new model for directionality in data
Authors: Ghosh Subhroshekhar , Rigollet Philippe 
Published: June 2020

Significance
The increasingly complex nature of data has led statisticians to rethinking even the most basic of modeling assumptions. In this context, a determinantal point process (DPP) modeling paradigm promotes diversity in the sample at hand. In this work, we introduce a simple and flexible Gaussian DPP model to capture directionality in the data. Using the Gaussian DPP as an ansatz, we obtain an approach for dimensionality reduction that produces a better and more readable representation of the original data than standard principal component analysis (PCA). These findings are supported by a finite sample analysis of the performance of our estimator, in particular in a spiked model similar to the one employed to analyze PCA.
Natural cryptic variation in epigenetic modulation of an embryonic gene regulatory network
Authors: Ewe Chee Kiang , Torres Cleuren Yamila N. , Flowers Sagen E. , Alok Geneva , Snell Russell G. , Rothman Joel H. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
It has become apparent in recent years that the DNA code is not the sole basis for biological inheritance. Epigenetic tags including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and regulatory RNAs can be transmitted across generations. However, the impact of heritable epigenetic factors on embryonic development is not well understood. We found that starvation-induced developmental diapause triggers transmission of epigenetic memory that affects the specification of the endoderm for multiple generations. These results demonstrate that early life history and cryptic epigenetic factors can impart transgenerational effects that shape embryonic development.