bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self–Sealing Cement System as an Abandonment Solution for Wells with Gauge Cables: A Case Study from North Sea, UK
Authors: Rublevskyi Anton , Johnson Carl , Tay Chuang Hwee , Main Darren , Herrera Axle 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With an increasing number of wells transitioning to their abandonment stages, associated operational efficiency and cost cutting have become a major focus in the industry. An operator had an objective to permanently abandon an offshore well that was suspended in 2016. The key challenge was to develop a long-term well abandonment solution leaving the completion tubing and gauge cables in the well. All the associated operations had to be completed utilizing a lightweight well intervention vessel.
Traditionally, retrieving the entire 5 ½-in. production tubing during plugging and abandonment operations has added operational complexity and costs and increases the risk of exposure to health, safety, and the environment (HSE) hazards. Alternatively, a sealant technique placing cement through and around the completion tubing with gauge cables in-situ exists. However, this technique is associated with a heightened risk of leak path development over time. Ongoing experimental work suggested that enhancements to the conventional cement sealant systems would be beneficial to improve long-term sealing; thus, an active self-sealing cement system that would seal microannuli or small fissures around the tubing and gauge cables was designed. The set cement sealant characteristics include low Young's modulus to resist failure from wellbore stresses and the ability to regenerate the original seal upon contact with any hydrocarbons that may seep through any isolation defects through the life of the abandoned well. To achieve proper cement placement, advanced fluid simulation software and carefully tailored fluid density and rheology profiles were used.
During the operation, a plug of the self-sealing cement sealant was pumped through the production tubing and squeezed into the perforations to create a permanent barrier across the reservoir section. Next, a mechanical plug was set inside the production tubing to isolate the lower section, and the tubing was perforated to provide access to the A-annulus above; subsequently, a balanced plug of self-sealing cement (SSC) system was spotted above. After 30 hours, the plug passed a 3.4-MPa [500-psi] verification pressure test. The operator estimated the operation saved 2 to 3 days of rig time, valued at approximately GBP 400,000 to 600,000. The operator also avoided the risk of leaving the well on long-term suspension with mechanical plugs while waiting for a rig to complete the isolation, and the operation minimized the number of intervention steps required for abandonment, thereby limiting scope growth.
Operators are constantly looking for ways to increase reliability, improve efficiency, and minimize risks, and therefore, abandonment techniques are evolving. The developed solution is a novel and robust alternative to conventional well abandonment using an advanced cement sealant technology for the first time and an innovative placement technique.
One ADNOC – ADNOC Gas Processing Innovative transformation from Local to Global Optimization
Authors: Ghanayem Nidal , Kumar M. Suresh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Unique within the ADNOC Group, Real Time Optimization (RTO) has transformed the operation of NGL trains by optimising all 12 NGL trains of one of ADNOC Gas Processing gas facilities. This enables flexibility such as selectively diverting feed to high yield plants.
The objective of the RTO is to achieve optimal distribution of feed gas and condensate RVP across various processing units of the facility in order to maximize the overall C2 and C2+ recovery, minimize energy consumption, reduce emissions and reduce overall operating cost.
Successfully proven, this is a good case for rolling out to similar complexes. Initiatives are now being taken up for other ADNOC Gas Processing sites and a ONE ADNOC RTO.
Digitalization in Oil and Gas Industry - A Case Study of a Fully Smart Field in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Al Senani Abdulla Mohammed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Digitalization, artificial intelligence and cutting-edge technology are considered the building blocks of oil and gas 4.0 industrial revolution. In line with this vision, comes the implementation of strategies to unmanning of oil fields around the world. One of the first oil fields in the United Arab Emirates, fully operated remotely, is located in the South East region 250 km away from Abu Dhabi emirate.
This paper discusses the success story of oil field that was developed and commissioned in 2017 making it the first smart field in the ADNOC Onshore. Moreover, the adopted designed and applied technology facilitated unmanned operation of field from downhole to export.
The development of the digitalization solution involved several components: the installation and connection of sensors, the development of engineering models, development of algorithms and man machine interface integrating all this data.
This paper details the use of state-of-the-art algorithms for identification of well flow conditions, deployment of advanced analytics for surveillance and optimization of ESP wells. This paper shares major challenges, solutions and benefits of the digitalization. Compared to conventional fields, smart field sets an example for enhancement of operations efficiency, profitability, and environmental safety.
The application of digital technology, combining in field measurement devices, real-time data, simulation models, and advanced algorithms to maximize productivity by automating best practices has made this field really Smart.
The main success stories include: the extension of the lifetime of the ESPs; reduction in well downtime; significant time savings for repetitive tasks; improved reservoir management accuracy; the ability to more readily meet production targets; facility management and optimization; and improvement in oil quality.
Due to the initial lack of digitalization in the oil fields, this project can be considered a blueprint for modernization of fields in challenging environment where very little digital infrastructure is initially available.
Delivering A Simple Convincing Saturation Model with Infinite Rock Type Using Iterated Fractal Function System
Authors: Sugiharto Yudiyoko Ega , Ralphie Benard , Johare Dzulfadly 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to design a saturation height function which can overcome the measurement insufficiency and can also be applied to the reservoir models where core measurements are not available at all for all kind of siliciclastic reservoirs.
This paper adopts a quantitative approach. The data is collected from the integration of core and log data. This approach is based on the assumption that sandstone reservoirs having similar Rock Quality Index (RQI), has similar capillary pressure behavior as regards water saturation. Universal capillary pressure curves were generated from 22 core plugs in Malaysia, using actual core data. Empirical relations between curve fitting parameters and core plug RQI values were developed. The universal capillary pressure curves were then used in other wells to calculate water saturation which has no core data. For those wells, the pseudo RQI values were calculated using the porosity and permeability derived from the log. A water saturation function was derived, as a function of RQI and HAFWL, with these pseudo RQI values and height above the Free Water Level.
The results of this study portray that saturation modelled through this saturation height function matched very well with resistivity derived saturation. Water saturation resulting from generalized capillary curves was contrasted in wells without core data to that computed from resistivity logs. These water saturation results were found to be more realistic than those calculated purely from resistivity logs. The results confirmed the assumption that the universal capillary pressure curves can be used without core data to predict water saturation in wells. A well that has intercepted a hydrocarbon accumulation effectively represents a massive core sample of the reservoir. It is now possible to calculate the saturation reliably in any well. RQI is known over the entire hydrocarbon column. At the saturation anywhere in a reservoir can be determined, and the FWL known or estimated with reasonable certainty. It is in principle viable to evaluate Sw directly based on the drainage capillary theory.
This study provides an insight into the universal saturation height function as a basic formulation in designing, developing, and appropriate strategies to model water saturation.
This study not only helps subsurface study team in modelling water saturation, but it also offers new insights concerning the ability and capability of the strong direct relationship among rock quality index, height above free water level, and water saturation.
This study uses an extended concept of Cuddy et al. (1993) to describe how water saturation varies with height above the free water level (FWL). Cuddy proposed the relationship of bulk Volume of Water vs Height above the FWL to derive water saturation. This approach requires conversion from BVW to SW. The proposed function, called K-function does not require the conversion.
Accelerated Pressure Restoration in a Green Field by Implementing Best Reservoir Management Practices
Authors: Zivanov Dragoljub , Kuramata Hideaki , Furuta Tetsuto 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In one of the green fields in Abu Dhabi a large unanticipated drop in reservoir pressure was observed just after initial production was started. Consequently, it was decided to conduct a comprehensive investigation in order to understand the field's complexity and the reason behind the pressure decline. Solutions for such challenging developments requires solid cross-discipline efforts.
Field A has 3 stratified reservoirs producing for several years. Production started with natural depletion anticipating water aquifer will have strong impact on production. Although experiences from neighboring fields suggest that aquifer might play a key role in development mechanism, unfortunately a large pressure decline of around 600 Psi was observed after one year of production which would eventually approach facilities pressure thresholds. An integrated reservoir management team was established to give quick response in the shortest possible time implementing reservoir management best practices into an "Accelerated Pressure Restoration" WI project. The clear objective of WI implementation was to resurrect reservoir pressure with improved sweep efficiency extending plateau rate and increasing recovery factor, thus allowing wells to produce as per designed rate with natural lifting as long as possible.
Based on the gathered data, new reservoir simulation results were obtained. Subsequently a ranking of the different production forecast scenarios were created. Various scenarios were generated including assessment of different production levels on natural depletion and water injection including implementation of artificial lift at a later stage of development. Based on technical feasibility, economic evaluation, reserves recovery, production plateau and facilities utilization, the well trajectories/completions were designed and hence proposed the most adequate water injection scheme for implementation. The water injection project follows a simplified VAP (Value Assurance Process), reducing the overall timeline of the project delivery and accordingly improving economics. Implementing water injection scheme at an earlier stage significantly increases NPV (Net Present Value) of the overall project and RF (Recovery Factor) when compared with the base case FFDP (Full Field Development Plan). Furthermore, drilling the water injection wells will give a clear picture of the structure and reservoir properties in the flank shedding light on just how complex these reservoirs are. During this study, major risks and uncertainties were recognized aiming to de-risk any further field development.
Development of a Novel Solution for Multiphase Flow Metering in ESP-Lifted Wells
Authors: Al Qahtani Abdullah , Al Qahtani Mubarak , Al Qahtani Bader 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe thrust to measure multiphase flow in oil wells is driven by the need to optimize well/reservoir management. This has driven R&D to develop an accurate and cost effective multiphase flow meter. In ESP-lifted wells, the continuous measurement of the flow rate and other attributes are critically important to optimize the performance of the pump, and consequently prolong its run life. Despite the surge of technologies and subsequent R&D to develop surface and subsurface tools to measure/infer the flow rate through the pump, the industry has not yet developed a viable meter that is to be installed in each well. The industry attempted to utilize the readily available data from the application of digitization, to infer flow rate, but it is not fully leveraged to serve that purpose and substitute surface meters.This paper presents new solutions that augment multiple attributes (electrical, hydraulic) and schemes (analytical, & numerical) to estimate multiphase flow estimations in ESP-lifted wells. The solution is a semi-analytical solution with regression analysis that augments different methods, to improve the reliability of calculation and help understand the wellbore phenomena to calibrate pump curves and pressure traverse models and crosscheck results for multiphase flow. The proposed solutions reduce inherent uncertainties in fluid properties and fluid flow characterization. The solutions present a novel approach of data analytics, of simultaneously calculating multiple attributes to cross check results and improve accuracy. In addition, it could be utilized to calibrate some model of calculations used and assesses reliability of some systems that are monitored. It leverages the readily available data of monitoring ESP health for measurement calculation. Additionally, it presents some ideas of developing the future downhole virtual and/or physical meter. Some ideas are presented in the paper.Actual data is presented in this paper utilizing the proposed solutions. The solution showed good consistency among the used methods and great match with conventional reference measurement, which support the potential of application in the field. This set the stage to develop a downhole meter, to be used for better accuracy with the presented solutions. A proposal of the downhole meter and its connectivity the proposed solution is presented. Artificial intelligence tools could be considered for future research utilizing to fine-tune the calculated estimations.
Novel MYO15A Variants are Associated with Hearing Loss in the Two Iranian Pedigrees
Authors: khatami somayeh , Askari Masomeh , Bahreini Fatemeh , Chaleshtori Morteza Hashemzadeh , Hematian Saeed , Asgharzade Samira 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Clinical genetic diagnosis of non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is quite challenging. With regard to its high heterogeneity as well as large size of some genes, it is also really difficult to detect causative mutations using traditional approaches. One of the recent technologies called whole-exome sequencing (WES) has been thus developed in this domain to remove the limitations of conventional methods.Methods: This study was a report on a research study of two unrelated pedigrees with multiple affected cases of hearing loss (HL). Accordingly, clinical evaluations and genetic analysis were performed in both families. Results: The results of WES data analysis to uncover autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) disease-causing variants was reported in the present study. Initial analysis identified two novel variants of MYO15A i.e. c.T6442A:p.W2148R and c.10504dupT:p.C3502Lfs*15 correspondingly which were later confirmed by Sanger validations and segregation analyses. According to online prediction tools, both identified variants seemed to have damaging effects.Conclusion: In this study, whole exome sequencing were used as a first approach strategy to identify the two novel variants in MYO15A in two Iranian families with ARNSHL.
PINK1 Contained in huMSCs-Exosomes Prevents Cardiomyocyte Mitochondrial Calcium Overload in Sepsis by Recovering Mitochondrial Ca2+&nbsp;Efflux
Authors: Zhou Qin , Xie Min , Zhu Jing , Yi Qing , Tan Bin , Li Yasha , Ye Liang , Zhang Xinyuan , Zhang Ying , Tian Jie , Xu Hao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to a local severe infection that can lead to multiple organ failure and ultimately death. Studies have shown that 40%-50% of septic patients have diverse myocardial injuries, with mortality ranging from 70% to 90% in contrast to 20% in septic patients without myocardial injury. Therefore, uncovering the mechanism of myocardial injury induced by sepsis and finding a treatment for the corresponding target are immensely important.Methods: We employed cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) for inducing sepsis in mice, and detect the situation of myocardial injury and cardiac function through serological markers and echocardiography. The cardiomyocytes apoptosis and the ultrastructural of heart tissue detected by TUNEL and transmission electron microscope (TEM) respectively. The Fura-2 AM was used to monitored Ca2+ uptake and efflux of mitochondria. FQ-PCR and Western blot detected the expression of mitochondria Ca2+ distribution regulators and PINK1. JC-1 was used to detected the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) of cardiomyocytes. Results: We found that the expression of PINK1 decreased in mouse hearts during sepsis, which caused cardiomyocyte mitochondrial calcium efflux disorder, mitochondrial calcium overload and cardiomyocyte injury. In contrast, we found that exosomes isolated from huMSCs (huMSCs-exo) carried Pink1 mRNA that could be transferred to recipient cardiomyocytes, increasing PINK1 expression. Then, the reduction in cardiomyocyte mitochondrial calcium efflux was reversed, and cardiomyocytes recovered from their injury. Furthermore, we confirmed the effect of the PINK1-PKA-NCLX axis on mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes during sepsis.Conclusion: The PINK1-PKA-NCLX axis play an important role in cardiomyocytes mitochondrial calcium efflux, therefore PINK1 could be a therapeutic target to protect cardiomyocyte mitochondria, and the application of huMSCs-exo is a promising strategy against heart dysfunction induced by sepsis.
WITHDRAWN: Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Alone or Combined with Prostate-Specific Antigen for the Diagnosis of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nepal Sat Prasad , Nakasato Takehiko , Ogawa Yoshio , Nakagami Yoshihiro , Shichijo Takeshi , Morita Jun , Maeda Yoshiko , Oshinomi Kazuhiko , Unoki Tsutomu , Inoue Tatsuki , Amano Satoshi , Mizunuma Moyuru , Kato Ryosuke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Many patients undergo unwanted prostate biopsy due to unreliability of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). PSA density (PSAD), free PSA, free-to-total PSA ratio, prebiopsy MRI are used to diagnose prostate cancer (PCa). Since 1863, correlations between inflammation and cancer have been identified and explored; thus, the role of various blood parameters in detecting cancer has been studied, especially neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Here, we evaluated whether these parameters before prostate biopsy can diagnose prostate cancer in our hospital.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study from January 2014 to January 2018. Prostate cancer patients were divided into significant cancer (Gleason Score ≥ 7) and insignificant cancer (Gleason Score < 7). NLR, PLR, and other clinical parameters were taken before the prostate biopsy. We then analyzed the associations of NLR and PLR alone or with PSA, with significant prostate cancer. Results: We included 463 patients, of whom 60.3% (279) had prostate cancer and 75.6 % (211) had a Gleason score (GS) of ≥ 7. PSA and PSAD in the clinically significant prostate cancer patient group were around two times more than those in the insignificant prostate cancer group. PV, NLR, PLR, and combined markers were more in the GS ≥ 7 population group. PSA combined with PLR (PPLR) and PSA with NLR (PNLR) had better area under a curve (AUC) (0.732 and 0.730, resp.), with statistical significance, than PSA, NLR, and PLR alone (0.723, 0.585, and 0.590). In the multivariate analysis using separate models with PSA and NLR or PLR compared to age, DRE-positive lesions, PV, PSAD; PNLR, and PPLR were statistically significant in finding aggressive prostate cancer. When combined markers were used together, despite the high correlations, PSA and NLR were nearly significant (p = 0.062) in detecting the GS ≥ 7 population.Conclusion: The combined use of PSA with PLR and PSA with NLR helps detect the differences between clinically significant and insignificant prostate cancer.
Increased Serum Procollagen Type I C-terminal Propeptide Levels are Associated with Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Breast Cancer Treated with Anthracycline-Based Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Fuente Ana de la , Santisteban Marta , Lupón Josep , Aramendía José Manuel , Díaz Agnes , Cediel Germán , López Begoña , Picazo José María López , Rábago Gregorio , Díez Javier , González Arantxa , Bayés-Genís Antoni , Ravassa Susana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Anthracycline-based cancer chemotherapy (ACC) has been related to myocardial interstitial fibrosis (MIF), a lesion contributing to left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). We investigated whether biomarker-assessed MIF was associated with LVD in patients with breast cancer receiving ACC and in patients with ACC-induced heart failure (ACC-HF). Moreover, chemotherapy agent’s pro-fibrotic activity was evaluated in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). Methods Echocardiography, serum biomarkers of collagen deposition (procollagen type-I C-terminal-propeptide [PICP]) and crosslinking (collagen type-I C-terminal-telopeptide/matrix metalloproteinase-1 ratio), and biomarkers of myocardial and vascular stress (galectin-3, sST2, amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP], hs-troponin-T and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1]) were assessed in 70 breast cancer patients at baseline, and during ACC at 3 and 6 months. Subclinical cardiotoxicity was defined as global longitudinal strain (GLS) relative reduction>15%. In addition, PICP and NT-proBNP were determined in 347 patients with different HF etiologies, 37 with ACC-HF (of whom 65% had been diagnosed with breast cancer) and 12-month-follow-up LVEF assessment. HCFs activation was examined after incubation with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel and trastuzumab for 24 hours. Results In patients with breast cancer, six-months-ACC reduced GLS and upregulated PICP, hs-troponin-T, NT-proBNP and VCAM-1 (P<0.01) versus baseline. At 6 months, elevation of PICP was higher in patients with subclinical cardiotoxicity versus the remaining patients (P for interaction<0.001). PICP levels were directly and independently associated with a relative reduction in GLS (P<0.001). In ACC-HF patients, baseline LVEF was inversely associated with PICP and NT-proBNP (P<0.01). After 12 months, LVEF did not change in patients with higher basal PICP (3rd tertile) but improved in the remaining patients (P<0.001). Doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and trastuzumab stimulated collagen synthesis in HCFs. Conclusion These results indicate that biomarker-assessed MIF associates with early LVD in ACC-treated patients with breast cancer. In addition, these findings suggest that MIF may be associated with established LVD in ACC-HF patients, hindering LV functional improvement after 12 months. Finally, chemotherapy can directly activate collagen metabolism in HCFs.