bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is having an educationally diverse social network good for health?
Authors: Pachucki Mark C. , Leal Diego F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile network research often focuses on social integration as a predictor of health, a less-explored idea is that connections to dissimilar others may benefit well-being. As such, this study investigates whether network diversity is associated with changes in four health outcomes over a 3-year period of time in the U.S.A. Specifically, we focus on how an underexplored measure of network diversity—educational attainment assortativity—is associated with common self-reported outcomes: propensity to exercise, body-mass index, mental health, and physical health. We extend prior research by conducting multilevel analyses using this measure of diversity while adjusting for a range of socio-demographic and network confounders. Data are drawn from a longitudinal probability sample of U.S. adults (n=10.679) in which respondents reported information about themselves and eight possible alters during three yearly surveys (2013–2015). We find, first, that higher educational attainment is associated with more educationally insular networks, while less-educated adults have more educationally diverse networks. Results further suggest that having educationally similar networks is associated with higher body-mass index among the less educated. Further exploration of the relationship between ego network diversity, tie strength, and health is warranted.
Social Constructions of Children and Youth: Beyond Dependents and Deviants
Authors: COLLINS MARY ELIZABETH , MEAD MICHELLE 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSchneider and Ingram’s (1993) theory of social construction of target populations has received extensive scholarly attention. It has rarely been applied to populations of children and youth, however. In this article we: (1) describe the original framework; (2) apply each of Schneider and Ingram’s four categories to examples relevant to children and youth; (3) identify adjustments to the model to guide further understanding of young people’s policy treatment; and, (4) discuss how these observations might inform policies targeted toward children and youth. By providing a more focused analysis of this theory’s application to the social construction of children and youth, we aim to contribute to the scholarly understanding of policymaking and inform potential policy design strategies that may result in positive outcomes for children and youth.
A Black Mineral Amulet from Colchester's North Cemetery
Authors: Crummy Nina , Davis Glynn J.C. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTA black mineral amulet in the form of a human bust is the only one of its kind so far found in Britain. Found c. 1900 during brick-making, it probably came from the burial of a young female. The authenticity of its provenance, context and associated finds is reviewed in the light of other grave groups, and its iconography and use are compared to those of other black mineral amulets from Britain and the Continent. Supplementary material available online (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X20000094) comprises a short biography of Henry Money and a catalogue of beads.
Going beyond F0: The acquisition of Mandarin tones
Authors: RHEE Nari , CHEN Aoju , KUANG Jianjing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing a semi-spontaneous speech corpus, we present evidence from computational modelling of tonal productions from Mandarin-speaking children (4- to 11-years old) and adults, showing that children exceed the adult-level tonal distinction at the age of 7 to 8 years using F0 cues, but do not reach the high adult-level distinction using spectral cues even at the age of 10 to 11 years. The difference in the developmental curves of F0 and spectral cues suggests that, in Mandarin tone production, secondary cues continue to develop even after the mastery of primary cues.
Local algebraic effect theories
Authors: LUKŠIČ ŽIGA , PRETNAR MATIJA 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Algebraic effects are computational effects that can be described with a set of basic operations and equations between them. As many interesting effect handlers do not respect these equations, most approaches assume a trivial theory, sacrificing both reasoning power and safety. We present an alternative approach where the type system tracks equations that are observed in subparts of the program, yielding a sound and flexible logic, and paving a way for practical optimisations and reasoning tools.
Comparing Training Techniques in Personal Protective Equipment Use
Authors: Salway Richard J. , Williams Trenika , Londono Camilo , Roblin Patricia , Koenig Kristi , Arquilla Bonnie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Physicians’ management of hazardous material (HAZMAT) incidents requires personal protective equipment (PPE) utilization to ensure the safety of victims, facilities, and providers; therefore, providing effective and accessible training in its use is crucial. While an emphasis has been placed on the importance of PPE, there is debate about the most effective training methods. Circumstances may not allow for a traditional in-person demonstration; an accessible video training may provide a useful alternative.Hypothesis:Video training of Emergency Medicine (EM) residents in the donning and doffing of Level C PPE is more effective than in-person training.Null Hypothesis:Video training of EM residents in the donning and doffing of Level C PPE is equally effective compared with in-person training.Methods:A randomized, controlled pilot trial was performed with 20 EM residents as part of their annual Emergency Preparedness training. Residents were divided into four groups, with Group 1 and Group 2 viewing a demonstration video developed by the Emergency Preparedness Team (EPT) and Group 3 and Group 4 receiving the standard in-person demonstration training by an EPT member. The groups then separately performed a donning and doffing simulation while blinded evaluators assessed critical tasks utilizing a prepared evaluation tool. At the drill’s conclusion, all participants also completed a self-evaluation survey about their subjective interpretations of their respective trainings.Results:Both video and in-person training modalities showed significant overall improvement in participants’ confidence in doffing and donning PPE equipment (P <.05). However, no statistically significant difference was found in the number of failed critical tasks in donning or doffing between the training modalities (P >.05). Based on these results, the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. However, these results were limited by the small sample size and the study was not sufficiently powered to show a difference between training modalities.Conclusion:In this pilot study, video and in-person training were equally effective in training for donning and doffing Level C PPE, with similar error rates in both modalities. Further research into this subject with an appropriately powered study is warranted to determine whether this equivalence persists using a larger sample size.
Diet quality, general health and anthropometric outcomes in a Latin American population: evidence from the Colombian National Nutritional Survey (ENSIN) 2010
Authors: Mora-García Gustavo , Trujillo Antonio , García-Larsen Vanessa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:Colombia is experiencing a nutrition transition, characterised by nutritionally poor diets and an increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD). We aimed to investigate the association between diet quality and general health outcomes related to the risk of NCD, in a nationally representative sample of Colombian adolescents and adults.Design:Cross-sectional analysis. The Alternative Healthy-Eating Index (AHEI) was derived to calculate diet quality. Adjusted regressions were used to examine the association between AHEI, self-perceived general health status (GHS) and anthropometric variables (i.e. age-specific z-scores for height, and BMI for adolescents; waist circumference and BMI for adults).Setting:Nationally representative data from the Colombian National Nutrition Survey (ENSIN) 2010.Participants:Adolescents aged 10–17 years (n 6566) and adults aged ≥18 years (n 6750).Results:AHEI scores were similar between adolescents (mean 29·3 ± 7·2) and adults (mean 30·5 ± 7·2). In the whole sample, a better diet quality (higher AHEI score) was associated with worse self-perceived GHS (adjusted (a) β-coefficient: –0·004; P < 0·001) and with a smaller waist circumference ((a) β-coefficient: –0·06; P < 0·01). In adults, a higher AHEI score was negatively associated with BMI ((a) β-coefficient: –0·02; P < 0·05), whilst in adolescents it was associated with a reduced height-for-age z-score ((a) β-coefficient: –0·009; P < 0·001).Conclusions:A better diet quality was associated with reduced prevalence of predictors of NCD and with some indicators of general health in the Colombian population. In light of the high prevalence of overweight, our findings support the need for public health interventions focused on sustainable positive changes in dietary habits in the general population.
Dietary acculturation among African emigrant students in India: determinants and problems
Authors: Kivuyo Nengilang’et G , Sharma Sonika 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:Emigrants face a high level of food insecurity. There is a wide research gap in the domain of identifying the determinants and problems of dietary acculturation in the context of emigrant students. This article attempts to study the factors affecting the dietary acculturation of African emigrant students in India.Design:For conducting a first-of-its-kind study for African emigrant students in India, we used field survey method, and the primary data were collected using a pre-structured questionnaire.Setting:This was a field survey conducted in Punjab (a state of India).Participants:One hundred and twenty African emigrant students participated in the survey.Results:Results of logistic regression indicated that food awareness (P= 0·027) and food suitability (P= 0·043) were the major determinants of dietary acculturation. Lack of familiarity and lack of proximity to food access points are the major problems faced by the African emigrant students. African emigrant students prepared for dietary acculturation largely only after coming to India. There is a significant positive correlation (P= 0·013) between problems faced by the respondents and tendency to prepare for acculturation after coming to India.Conclusions:Information regarding local food environment plays a significant role in dietary acculturation. There is a pertinent need to educate emigrant students regarding food availability and access by developing suitable educational content.
Field‐Validated Detection of Aureoumbra lagunensis Brown Tide Blooms in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, Using Sentinel‐3A OLCI and Ground‐Based Hyperspectral Spectroradiometers
Authors: Judice Taylor J. , Widder Edith A. , Falls Warren H. , Avouris Dulcinea M. , Cristiano Dominic J. , Ortiz Joseph D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFrequent Aureoumbra lagunensis blooms in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida, have devastated populations of seagrass and marine life and threaten public health. To substantiate a more reliable remote sensing early‐warning system for harmful algal blooms, we apply varimax‐rotated principal component analysis (VPCA) to 12 images spanning ~1.5 years. The method partitions visible‐NIR spectra into independent components related to algae, cyanobacteria, suspended minerals, and pigment degradation products. The components extracted by VPCA are diagnostic for identifiable optical constituents, providing greater specificity in the resulting data products. We show that VPCA components retrieved from Sentinel‐3A Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) and a field‐based spectroradiometer are consistent despite vast differences in spatial resolution (~50 cm vs. 300 m). Furthermore, the VPCA components associated with A. lagunensis in both spectral datasets indicate high correlations to Ochrophyta cell counts (R2 ≥ 0.92, p < 0.001). Recombining components exhibiting a red‐edge response produces a Chl a algorithm that outperforms empirical band ratio algorithms and preforms as well or better than a variety of semianalytical algorithms. The results from the VPCA spectral decomposition method are more efficient than traditional Empirical Orthogonal Function or PCA, requiring fewer components to explain as much or more variance. Overall, our observations provide excellent validation for Sentinel‐3A OLCI‐based VPCA spectral identification and indicate A. lagunensis was highly concentrated within the Banana River region of the IRL during the study. These results enable improved brown tide monitoring to identify blooms at an early stage, allowing more time for stakeholder response to this public health problem.
Uncertainty Quantification of Global Net Methane Emissions From Terrestrial Ecosystems Using a Mechanistically Based Biogeochemistry Model
Authors: Liu Licheng , Zhuang Qianlai , Oh Youmi , Shurpali Narasinha J. , Kim Seungbum , Poulter Ben 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuantification of methane (CH4) emissions from wetlands and its sinks from uplands is still fraught with large uncertainties. Here, a methane biogeochemistry model was revised, parameterized, and verified for various wetland ecosystems across the globe. The model was then extrapolated to the global scale to quantify the uncertainty induced from four different types of uncertainty sources including parameterization, wetland type distribution, wetland area distribution, and meteorological input. We found that global wetland emissions are 212 ± 62 and 212 ± 32 Tg CH4 year−1 (1Tg = 1012 g) due to uncertain parameters and wetland type distribution, respectively, during 2000–2012. Using two wetland distribution data sets and three sets of climate data, the model simulations indicated that the global wetland emissions range from 186 to 212 CH4 year−1 for the same period. The parameters were the most significant uncertainty source. After combining the global methane consumption in the range of −34 to −46 Tg CH4 year−1, we estimated that the global net land methane emissions are 149–176 Tg CH4 year−1 due to uncertain wetland distribution and meteorological input. Spatially, the northeast United States and Amazon were two hotspots of methane emission, while consumption hotspots were in the Eastern United States and eastern China. During 1950–2016, both wetland emissions and upland consumption increased during El Niño events and decreased during La Niña events. This study highlights the need for more in situ methane flux data, more accurate wetland type, and area distribution information to better constrain the model uncertainty.
New Discoveries Enabled by the Emergence of High‐Resolution, Long‐Term Interdisciplinary Ocean Observations
Authors: Dickey Tommy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis review describes the author's path leading toward a career in science and four decades of experiences. Some of the important people influencing my intellectual development are mentioned. Crossings of disciplinary boundaries were keys to novel research efforts. In particular, new areas of research such as geophysical fluid dynamics and bio‐optics were embraced and used to advantage. Likewise, identifying and utilizing relevant new technologies enabled unprecedented interdisciplinary high‐resolution, long‐term measurements at depth in the ocean. Early on, my group utilized satellite‐based as well as in situ data sets to advantage. In addition, with colleagues, we conducted modeling as well as observational studies. A few examples of resulting scientific breakthroughs involving interdisciplinary observations are presented. In addition, our time‐space diagrams for ocean processes and platforms have been utilized for ocean experimental design and modeling. Finally, some career advice for future generations and my unconventional teaching methods using therapy dogs are discussed.
Contribution of CTCF binding to transcriptional activity at the HOXA locus in NPM1-mutant AML cells
Authors: Ghasemi Reza , Struthers Heidi , Wilson Elisabeth R. , Spencer David H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTranscriptional regulation of the HOXA genes is thought to involve CTCF-mediated chromatin loops and the opposing actions of the COMPASS and Polycomb epigenetic complexes. We investigated the role of these mechanisms at the HOXA cluster in AML cells with the common NPM1c mutation, which express both HOXA and HOXB genes. CTCF binding at the HOXA locus is conserved across primary AML samples, regardless of HOXA gene expression, and defines a continuous chromatin domain marked by COMPASS-associated histone H3 trimethylation in NPM1-mutant primary AML samples. Profiling of the three-dimensional chromatin architecture in primary AML samples with the NPM1c mutation identified chromatin loops between the HOXA cluster and loci in the SNX10 and SKAP2 genes, and an intergenic region located 1.4 Mbp upstream of the HOXA locus. Deletion of CTCF binding sites in the NPM1-mutant OCI-AML3 AML cell line reduced multiple long-range interactions, but resulted in CTCF-independent loops with sequences in SKAP2 that were marked by enhancer-associated histone modifications in primary AML samples. HOXA gene expression was maintained in CTCF binding site mutants, indicating that transcriptional activity at the HOXA locus in NPM1-mutant AML cells may be sustained through persistent interactions with SKAP2 enhancers, or by intrinsic factors within the HOXA gene cluster.
Genetic susceptibility, inflammation and specific types of depressive symptoms: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Frank Philipp , Ajnakina Olesya , Steptoe Andrew , Cadar Dorina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGenetic susceptibility to depression has been established using polygenic scores, but the underlying mechanisms and the potentially differential effects of polygenic scores on specific types of depressive symptoms remain unknown. This study examined whether systemic low-grade inflammation mediated the association between polygenic scores for depressive symptomatology (DS-PGS) and subsequent somatic versus cognitive-affective depressive symptoms. The sample consisted of 3510 men and women (aged 50+) recruited from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. DS-PGS were derived using the results of a recent genome-wide association study. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured at wave 6 (2012/13). Depressive symptoms were assessed at wave 8 (2016/17), using the eight-item version of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Covariates (wave 2, 2004/05) included age, sex and ten principal components (PCs) to control for population stratification. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to corroborate a previously identified two-factor structure of the CES-D, distinguishing between cognitive-affective and somatic symptoms. Longitudinal structural equation modelling was used to investigate the mediating role of CRP in the relationship between DS-PGS and cognitive-affective versus somatic symptoms. Our results showed that participants with a higher polygenic susceptibility to DS were significantly more likely to report cognitive-affective and somatic symptoms at follow-up. Mediation analyses revealed that CRP mediated the relationship between DS-PGS and somatic symptoms, but not the association between DS-PGS and cognitive-affective symptoms. These differential effects highlight the importance of considering individual differences in depression profiles in future studies. Ultimately, this will inform healthcare professionals to design more targeted treatments.
CUEDC2 controls osteoblast differentiation and bone formation via SOCS3–STAT3 pathway
Authors: Kim Jung-Woo , Oh Sin-Hye , Lee Mi Nam , Song Ju Han , Jeong Byung-Chul , Yang Jin-Woo , Piao Xianyu , Zang Yaran , Ryu Je-Hwang , Koh Jeong-Tae 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe CUE domain-containing 2 (CUEDC2) protein plays critical roles in many biological processes, such as the cell cycle, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. However, whether CUEDC2 is involved in osteoblast differentiation and plays a role in bone regeneration remains unknown. This study investigated the role of CUEDC2 in osteogenesis and its underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that CUEDC2 is expressed in bone tissues. The expression of CUEDC2 decreased during bone development and BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation. The overexpression of CUEDC2 suppressed the osteogenic differentiation of precursor cells, while the knockdown of CUEDC2 showed the opposite effect. In vivo studies showed that the overexpression of CUEDC2 decreased bone parameters (bone volume, bone area, and bone mineral density) during ectopic bone formation, whereas its knockdown increased bone volume and the reconstruction percentage of critical-size calvarial defects. We found that CUEDC2 affects STAT3 activation by regulating SOCS3 protein stability. Treatment with a chemical inhibitor of STAT3 abolished the promoting effect of CUEDC2 silencing on osteoblast differentiation. Together, we suggest that CUEDC2 functions as a key regulator of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation by targeting the SOCS3–STAT3 pathway. CUEDC2 manipulation could serve as a therapeutic strategy for controlling bone disease and regeneration.
Characterization of a novel type III CRISPR-Cas effector provides new insights into the allosteric activation and suppression of the Cas10 DNase
Authors: Lin Jinzhong , Feng Mingxia , Zhang Heping , She Qunxin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAntiviral defense by type III CRISPR-Cas systems relies on two distinct activities of their effectors: the RNA-activated DNA cleavage and synthesis of cyclic oligoadenylate. Both activities are featured as indiscriminate nucleic acid cleavage and subjected to the spatiotemporal regulation. To yield further insights into the involved mechanisms, we reconstituted LdCsm, a lactobacilli III-A system in Escherichia coli. Upon activation by target RNA, this immune system mediates robust DNA degradation but lacks the synthesis of cyclic oligoadenylates. Mutagenesis of the Csm3 and Cas10 conserved residues revealed that Csm3 and multiple structural domains in Cas10 function in the allosteric regulation to yield an active enzyme. Target RNAs carrying various truncations in the 3ʹ anti-tag were designed and tested for their influence on DNA binding and DNA cleavage of LdCsm. Three distinct states of ternary LdCsm complexes were identified. In particular, binding of target RNAs carrying a single nucleotide in the 3ʹ anti-tag to LdCsm yielded an active LdCsm DNase regardless whether the nucleotide shows a mismatch, as in the cognate target RNA (CTR), or a match, as in the noncognate target RNA (NTR), to the 5′ tag of crRNA. In addition, further increasing the number of 3ʹ anti-tag in CTR facilitated the substrate binding and enhanced the substrate degradation whereas doing the same as in NTR gradually decreased the substrate binding and eventually shut off the DNA cleavage by the enzyme. Together, these results provide the mechanistic insights into the allosteric activation and repression of LdCsm enzymes.