bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relative contribution of α‐ and β‐adrenergic sweating during heat exposure and the influence of sex and training status
Authors: Amano Tatsuro , Fujii Naoto , Kenny Glen P. , Nishiyasu Takeshi , Inoue Yoshimitsu , Kondo Narihiko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile human eccrine sweat glands respond to adrenergic agonists, there remains a paucity of information on the factors modulating this response. Thus, we assessed the relative contribution of α‐ and β‐adrenergic sweating during a heat exposure and as a function of individual factors of sex and training status. α‐ and β‐adrenergic sweating was assessed in forty‐eight healthy young men (n = 35) and women (n = 13) including endurance‐trained (n = 12) and untrained men (n = 12) under non–heat exposure (temperate, 25°C; n = 17) and heat exposure (hot, 35°C; n = 48) conditions using transdermal iontophoresis of phenylephrine (α‐adrenergic agonist) and salbutamol (β‐adrenergic agonist) on the ventral forearm, respectively. Adrenergic sweating was also measured after iontophoretic administration of atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist) or saline (control) to evaluate how changes in muscarinic receptor activity modulate the adrenergic response to a heat exposure (n = 12). α‐ and β‐adrenergic sweating was augmented in hot compared with temperate conditions (both P ≤ .014), albeit the relative increase was greater in β (~5.4‐fold)‐ as compared to α (~1.5‐fold)‐adrenergic‐mediated sweating response. However, both α‐ and β‐adrenergic sweating was abolished by atropinization (P = .001). Endurance‐trained men showed an augmentation in α‐ (P = .043) but not β (P = .960)‐adrenergic sweating as compared to untrained men. Finally, a greater α‐ and β‐adrenergic sweating response (both P ≤ .001) was measured in habitually active men than in women. We show that heat exposure augments α‐and β‐adrenergic sweating differently via mechanisms associated with altered muscarinic receptor activity. Sex and training status modulate this response.
Interparental Conflict, Attention to Angry Interpersonal Interactions, and Adolescent Anxiety
Authors: Lucas‐Thompson Rachel G. , Seiter Natasha S. , Lunkenheimer Erika S. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to provide the first empirical investigation of associations among interparental conflict, adolescents' attention to emotion in interpersonal interactions, and adolescents' anxiety.BackgroundPrevious research suggests that both interparental conflict and attention biases have implications for youth anxiety.MethodAdolescents (n = 60, aged 10–19 years) viewed neutral versus emotional (angry, happy) photo pairs of interpersonal interactions while gaze was measured using an eye‐tracking camera. Adolescents also reported their anxiety symptoms. Parents' self‐reported characteristics of their conflict were observed during an interparental conflict discussion.ResultsParents who displayed less positive conflict behavior had adolescents who spent more time attending to angry interpersonal interactions; more negative conflict behavior by parents predicted less time attending to happy interpersonal interactions by adolescents. Interparental conflict interacted with attention to angry interpersonal interactions in relation to adolescent anxiety: More negative marital conflict was related to increased anxiety symptoms only when adolescents also displayed an attention bias toward angry interactions.ConclusionInterparental conflict and attention to angry interpersonal interactions may be risk factors for adolescent anxiety and interact in predicting anxiety.ImplicationsEfforts aimed at improving the mental health of youth from poor‐quality family environments may benefit from considering strategies to modify attention to angry interpersonal interactions.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 as a risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality in patients in the EVOLVE trial
Authors: Block Geoffrey A. , Chertow Glenn M. , Cooper Kerry , Xing Shan , Fouqueray Bruno , Halperin Marc , Danese Mark D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionHigh mortality rates in patients with chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) receiving maintenance hemodialysis are largely due to cardiovascular (CV) events.MethodsWe evaluated associations between MBD parameters, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) concentrations, and clinically adjudicated CV events from the Evaluation of Cinacalcet Hydrochloride Therapy to Lower Cardiovascular Events (EVOLVE) trial. Patients enrolled in EVOLVE, who had not experienced any study endpoints between randomization and week 20 with evaluable baseline and week 20 values for key laboratory parameters (parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate, and FGF23), were assessed. We used adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate relative risk of outcomes (primary composite, all‐cause mortality, and CV events) based on FGF23 and MBD parameters. Laboratory values were modeled with linear terms and using natural cubic splines with two degrees of freedom.FindingsFor the primary endpoint, patients assessed (N = 2309) were followed up over a mean duration of 3.1 years, during which 1037 CV events (497 deaths, 540 nonfatal events) occurred. Adjusted models showed an association between FGF23 and the risk of CV events. Hazard ratio per log unit of FGF23 at week 20 was 1.09 [95% CI: 1.03–1.16], and the hazard ratio per log unit change in FGF23 from week 0 to week 20 was 1.09 [95% CI: 1.00–1.17].DiscussionOur data highlight FGF23 as an independent CV risk factor and potential biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with CKD‐MBD receiving maintenance hemodialysis.
Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Death in Migraine Patients Treated with Triptans
Authors: Ghanshani Serena , Chen Cheng , Lin Bryan , Duan Lewei , Shen Yuh‐Jer Albert , Lee Ming‐Sum 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to determine the strength of association between treatment with triptans and acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and death.BackgroundCase reports in the literature have raised concerns over an association between treatment of migraine headaches with triptans and cardiovascular events. This study aims to systematically evaluate this association in a contemporary population‐based cohort. We hypothesized that triptan exposure is not associated with increased cardiovascular events.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted within an integrated healthcare delivery system in Southern California. From January 2009 to December 2018, 189,684 patients age ≥18 years had a diagnosis of migraine. In this group, 130,656 were exposed to triptans. Patients treated with triptans were matched 1:1 to those not exposed to triptans by using a propensity score. The primary outcome was acute myocardial infarction; secondary outcomes were heart failure, all‐cause death, and combined acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and death.ResultsThe incidence rate of acute myocardial infarction was 0.67 per 1000 person‐year in triptan‐exposed vs 1.44 per 1000 person‐year in not exposed patients. In propensity‐matched analyses, the adjusted hazard ratio for triptan exposure was 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84‐1.08) for acute myocardial infarction; 1.00 (95% CI 0.93‐1.08) for all‐cause death; 0.93 (95% CI 0.81‐1.08) for heart failure; and 0.99 (95% CI 0.93‐1.06) for a composite of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, or death. Sensitivity analyses focusing on stratified subgroups based on age, gender, ethnicity, and several cardiac risk factors also revealed no significant association between triptan exposure and cardiovascular events.ConclusionsNo association was found between exposure to triptans and an increased risk of cardiovascular events. These data provide reassurance regarding the cardiovascular safety of utilizing triptans for the medical management of migraine headaches.
Pemphigus scalp lesions: is trichoscopy helpful in clinical diagnosis?
Authors: Ghiasi Maryam , Nasimi Maryam , Azizzadeh‐Roodpishi Shadi , Ansari Mahshid Sadat , Daneshpazhooh Maryam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPemphigus is an autoimmune intraepidermal bullous disease which can affect skin and∕or mucous membranes. Trichoscopy is a non‐invasive tool that can help in the clinical diagnosis especially if the patient is presented with only scalp lesions. We conducted this study to investigate the trichoscopic features of pemphigus scalp lesions.MethodsA total of 100 patients with confirmed diagnosis of pemphigus entered the study; Seventy‐nine patients were diagnosed as pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and 21 as pemphigus foliaceus (PF). Trichoscopy of the scalp lesions was performed, and three dermatologists examined separately the trichoscopic images of each patient. The results were re‐checked simultaneously by the examiners. Association between variables was analyzed by using different tests including: chi‐square test or Fischer's exact test, independent T‐Test or Mann–Whitney nonparametric test and logistic regression model when applicable.ResultsMean age of the patients was 45.41 ± 11.13 years, and 58% of cases were male. The most common trichoscopic features observed among all cases were diffuse scaling (71/100), presence of any types of vessels (67/100), and extravasation (63/100). Positive anagen pull test, extravasation, yellow hemorrhagic crust, and polymorphic vessels were more commonly seen in PV than PF cases (P value < 0.05), and by having data of these variables, we can differentiate between PV and PF scalp lesions with 74% sensitivity and 91% specificity.ConclusionTrichoscopy can help in clinical diagnosis of pemphigus scalp lesions but should be followed by other modalities such as biopsy and direct immunofluorescence for definite diagnosis.
Diagnostic value of clinical examination for identifying patients with large‐ and small‐fibre neuropathy
Authors: Chew Beng L. A. , Williams David B. , Attia John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of polyneuropathy usually requires neurophysiological investigation, necessitating specialised testing and interpretation thereby increasing the time to final diagnosis.AimsTo investigate the predictive value of the clinical examination in patients with potential neuropathies.MethodsPatients were recruited based on their referral requesting neurophysiological testing. Two examiners tested ankle jerk reflexes and gradient to temperature sensation prior to the patient undergoing neurophysiology investigations, blinded to subsequent testing results. The neurophysiology investigations were either standard nerve conduction study (NCS) or thermal threshold testing (TTT) or both. These data were then analysed to determine the Kappa between examiners as well as sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios.ResultsThere was a modest level of agreement between examiners for ankle jerk testing (Kappa = 0.6) but poor agreement for gradient temperature testing (Kappa = 0.3). Bilateral absence of ankle jerk reflexes was moderately associated with abnormal NCS, with the following characteristics: sensitivity 72%, specificity 91%, positive likelihood ratio 7.6 and negative likelihood ratio 0.3. The presence of a temperature gradient was poorly diagnostic for abnormal TTT: sensitivity 87%, specificity 14%, with positive and negative likelihood ratios close to 1.ConclusionThe absence of ankle jerks performed moderately well in identifying patients likely to have large‐fibre neuropathy and could potentially be used to help decide who should be sent for NCS. Gradient temperature testing was much more subjective and did not change the likelihood of abnormal TTT.
Immune recognition of phosphoantigen‐butyrophilin molecular complexes by γδ T cells
Authors: Uldrich Adam P. , Rigau Marc , Godfrey Dale I. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGamma‐delta (γδ) T cells are an important component of the immune system. They are often enriched in non‐lymphoid tissues and exhibit diverse functional attributes including rapid activation, cytokine production, proliferation, and acquisition of cytotoxicity following both TCR‐dependent and TCR‐independent stimulation, but poor capacity for immunological memory. They can detect a broad range of antigens, although typically not peptide‐MHC complexes in contrast to alpha‐beta (αβ) T cells. In humans, a prominent population of γδ T cells, defined as Vγ9Vδ2+ cells, reacts to small phosphorylated non‐peptide “phosphoantigens” (pAgs). The molecular mechanism underpinning this recognition is poorly defined, but is known to involve butyrophilin family members and appears to involve indirect pAg recognition via alterations to butyrophilin molecular complexes. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of pAg recognition by γδ T cells including the role of butyrophilins and in particular, a newly described role for butyrophilin 2A1.
Clinical application and efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi‐d): A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kanapathy Muholan , Mantelakis Angelos , Khan Natasha , Younis Ibby , Mosahebi Afshin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study evaluates the current clinical evidence of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with Instillation and dwell time (NPWTi‐d) to establish its clinical application and efficacy. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases were searched from 1946 to July 2019 for studies reporting clinical outcomes on wounds treated with NPWTi‐d. The primary outcome was proportion of wounds with complete healing. The secondary outcomes were mean time for healing, NPWTi‐d settings, cost, length of stay, and adverse events. Thirteen articles were included with a total of 624 wounds in 542 patients involving wounds of various aetiology. The pooled proportion of wound that achieved complete healing was 93.65% (95%CI: 84.02‐99.04). Normal saline was the most commonly used instillation solution with the mean dwell time of 14.23 minutes (95%CI: 10.88‐17.59) and instillation cycle every 4.17 ± 2.32 hourly. The mean therapy duration was 10.69 days (95%CI: 10.46‐10.91) with daily cost of $194.80. The mean hospital stay was 18.1 days (95%CI: 17.20‐19.00). There were no severe adverse effects reported. NPWTi‐d is an adjuntive therapy to aid complete healing of the vast majority of wounds. However, the current data are limited by the lack of level 1 evidence.
Formal caregivers’ perceptions and experiences of using pet robots for persons living with dementia in long‐term care: A meta‐ethnography
Authors: Scerri Anthony , Sammut Roberta , Scerri Charles 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo explore the formal caregivers’ perceptions and experiences of using pet robots for persons living with dementia residing in long‐term care settings and the factors influencing their perceptions by evaluating, integrating, and synthesizing findings from relevant international research articles using a meta‐ethnography.DesignNoblit and Hare's interpretative meta‐ethnography.Data sourcesEight articles, published between 2013–2018, were identified following a systematic search of four databases (Scopus, ProQuest Central, EBSCO, and Google Scholar) between June 2019–February 2020.Review methodsTwo researchers independently appraised the selected articles. Noblit and Hare's seven steps and a meta‐ethnography reporting guidance were used. Reciprocal translation was used to obtain a line of argument synthesis.ResultsThree overarching themes were identified: a beneficial tool but not for everybody, a tool that has limitations but could be overcome, and a positive experience if appropriately introduced and sustained.ConclusionThis meta‐ethnography contributes to the understanding of current potential benefits and limitations of pet robots for persons living with dementia residing in long‐term settings. It also identifies several factors, as perceived by caregivers, that may influence their acceptability, adoption, and routine use in practice.ImpactAlthough for the past two decades pet robots have been used as a psychosocial intervention for persons living with dementia in long‐term care settings, there is a dearth of literature on the perception of formal caregivers and their experience of such interventions. While pet robots can have emotional, social, behavioural, and practical benefits, there are several technological, organizational, and contextual challenges and limitations that constrain their routine use. The solutions synthesized in this review can be of benefit to robot designers, facility managers, policy makers, and other health care professionals interested in introducing pet robots in long‐term care settings.
A novel screening tool to unmask potential interference between S‐ICD and left ventricular assist device
Authors: Zormpas Christos , Eiringhaus Jörg , Hillmann Henrike A. K. , Hohmann Stephan , Müller‐Leisse Johanna , Schmitto Jan D. , Veltmann Christian , Duncker David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) can be an alternative to transvenous ICD systems due to reduced risk of systemic infection, which could lead to extraction of the ICD as well as the LVAD. S‐ICD eligibility is lower in patients with LVAD than in patients with end‐stage heart failure without LVAD. Several reports have shown inappropriate S‐ICD therapy in the coexistence of LVAD and S‐ICD. The aim of the present study was to evaluate S‐ICD eligibility in patients with LVAD using the established electrocardiogram (ECG)‐based screening test as well as a novel device‐based screening test to identify potentially inappropriate S‐ICD sensing in this specific patient cohort.Methods and ResultsThe present study included 115 patients implanted with an LVAD. The standard ECG‐based screening test and a novel device‐based screening test were performed in all patients. Eighty patients (70%) were eligible for S‐ICD therapy with the standard ECG‐based screening test. Performance of the novel device‐based screening test identified device‐device interference in 14 of these 80 patients (12%).ConclusionUsing a novel extended device‐based S‐ICD screening method, a small number of patients with LVAD deemed eligible for S‐ICD with the standard ECG‐based screening test exhibit device‐device interference. Careful S‐ICD screening should be performed in patients with LVAD, who are candidates for S‐ICD therapy, to prevent inappropriate sensing or ICD therapy.
Funduscopy: Yes or no? Hypertensive emergencies and retinopathy in the emergency care setting; a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nijskens Charlotte M. , Veldkamp Saskia R. , Van Der Werf Dymph J. , Boonstra Arnold H. , Ten Wolde Marije 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAccording to international guidelines, patients with a suspected hypertensive emergency (HE) admitted to the emergency department (ED) should undergo comprehensive evaluation including funduscopic examination. However, funduscopy is not always readily available and little is known about the prevalence of retinopathy among these patients in the ED setting. In order to characterize patients who should undergo funduscopy, we studied the prevalence, characteristics and clinical outcome in patients with a suspected HE and retinopathy grade III/IV. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with severe elevation of blood pressure (BP) admitted to the ED between 2012 and 2015. Patients with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥180 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥120 mm Hg at time of presentation were included. A total of 271 patients were included, of whom 18 (6.6%; 95%CI 3.9‐10.5) had a HE. In 121 patients (44.6%; 95%CI 37.1‐53.3), funduscopy was performed, of whom 17 (14.0%; 95%CI 8.2‐22.5) had retinopathy grade III/IV. Mean SBP and DBP were significantly higher in patients with retinopathy (P < .001). However, retinopathy was also seen in patients with lower BP (SBP < 200 mm Hg and DBP < 120 mm Hg). No differences in other clinical characteristics, including visual disturbances, were found. One patient with retinopathy suffered an ischemic stroke after taking oral medication. The prevalence of retinopathy is high among examined patients. Except for higher BP, no clinical signs or symptoms are associated with the presence of retinopathy grade III/IV. We therefore conclude that funduscopic examination should be performed in every patient with a suspected HE.
Patagonian grouperAcanthistius patachonicus(Jenyns, 1840) forms massive spawning aggregations in theSouthwest Atlantic
Authors: Irigoyen Alejo , Riestra Cecilia , Lopez Sofía , Parma Ana M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHere we describe massive spawning aggregations and seasonal changes in the large‐scale distribution of the Patagonian grouperAcanthistius patachonicusin the Southwest Atlantic based on three sources of information: (a) data from bottom trawl research surveys covering the distributional range of the species within the Argentine continental shelf; (b) folk ecological knowledge gathered from experienced captains of the Argentine industrial trawl fisheries; and (c) sampling of an artisanal trap fishery targeting the Patagonian grouper in a specific location off the coast of Buenos Aires Province. The trawl surveys showed a general pattern of aggregation of Patagonian grouper towards the coast during the reproductive period (September–December). Captains described massive aggregations of the species at specific near‐shore locations, where trawl catches of up to 15 t in a single haul were registered during the reproductive season. At a local scale, the artisanal trap fishery described operates exclusively during the reproductive period, targeting near‐shore aggregations with a high proportion of individuals releasing gametes onboard. These three sources of information provide evidence of the existence of massive transient spawning aggregations of Patagonian grouper in the Argentine shelf. This is the first report of a reef fish spawning aggregation in the southern region of the Southwest Atlantic. Anecdotal information gathered in this study points to the depletion of many of the aggregations targeted during the 1980s and 1990s by the industrial fleet. At the same time, the spawning aggregation site off Buenos Aires Province has been productive for the last 34 years, being exploited exclusively by traps. The Patagonian grouper is classified as Data Deficient by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, which highlights the need for further research to determine its stock status. Mapping its current spawning aggregations should be a priority to inform the design of a targeted monitoring program and management plan for this species.