bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive control of pure‐feedback nonlinear systems with full‐state time‐varying constraints and unmodeled dynamics
Authors: Hua Yu , Zhang Tianping 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis paper focuses on the problem of adaptive control for a class of pure‐feedback nonlinear systems with full‐state time‐varying constraints and unmodeled dynamics. By introducing a one‐to‐one nonlinear mapping, the constrained pure‐feedback nonlinear system with state and input unmodeled dynamics is transformed into unconstrained pure‐feedback system. The controller design based on the transformed novel system is proposed by using a modified dynamic surface control method. Dynamic signal and normalization signal are designed to handle dynamical uncertain terms and input unmodeled dynamics, respectively. By adding nonnegative normalization signal into the whole Lyapunov function and using the introducing compact set in the stability analysis, all signals in the whole system are proved to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, and all states can obey the time‐varying constraint conditions. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Observation of Robust Néel Skyrmions in Metallic PtMnGa
Authors: Srivastava Abhay K. , Devi Parul , Sharma Ankit K. , Ma Tianping , Deniz Hakan , Meyerheim Holger L. , Felser Claudia , Parkin Stuart S. P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOver the past decade the family of chiral noncollinear spin textures has continued to expand with the observation in metallic compounds of Bloch‐like skyrmions in several B20 compounds, and antiskyrmions in a tetragonal inverse Heusler. Néel like skyrmions in bulk crystals with broken inversion symmetry have recently been seen in two distinct nonmetallic compounds, GaV4S8 and VOSe2O5 at low temperatures (below ≈13 K) only. Here, the first observation of bulk Néel skyrmions in a metallic compound PtMnGa and, moreover, at high temperatures up to ≈220 K is reported. Lorentz transmission electron microscopy reveals the chiral Néel character of the skyrmions. A strong variation is reported of the size of the skyrmions on the thickness of the lamella in which they are confined, varying by a factor of 7 as the thickness is varied from ≈90 nm to ≈4 µm. Moreover, the skyrmions are highly robust to in‐plane magnetic fields and can be stabilized in a zero magnetic field using suitable field‐cooling protocols over a very broad temperature range to as low as 5 K. These properties, together with the possibility of manipulating skyrmions in metallic PtMnGa via current induced spin–orbit torques, make them extremely exciting for future spintronic applications.
Single‐Crystal Red Phosphors: Enhanced Optical Efficiency and Improved Chemical Stability for wLEDs
Authors: Wang Zhengliang , Yang Zhiyu , Wang Nan , Zhou Qiang , Zhou Jianbang , Ma Li , Wang Xiaojun , Xu Yiqing , Brik Mikhail G. , Dramićanin Miroslav D. , Wu Mingmei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCrystal phosphors have many unique advantages compared with powdery ones. Herein, room‐temperature‐grown millimeter‐sized single‐crystal phosphors of Cs2XF6:Mn4+ (X = Ge, Si, and Ti) with remarkably higher external quantum efficiency than the corresponding powdery samples are reported. In addition, as compared with the powdery ones, the crystal samples exhibit much better stability toward water under different pH conditions. The red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based on Cs2XF6:Mn4+ crystals show significantly improved luminous efficiency than those based on their corresponding powders. An assembled white LED device composed of the two layers of phosphors, i.e., the crystal (such as Cs2GeF6:Mn4+) and commercial Y3Al5O12:Ce3+, on a blue chip exhibits intense warm white light with high luminous efficiency (up to 193 lm W−1), high color rendering indexes (88), and low correlated color temperatures (3107 K). Hence, these crystals with greatly improved efficiency and stability can be potentially applied in high‐quality LED backlighting display and white LED lighting, especially inside the micro‐LED devices.
Sound Localization and Separation in 3D Space Using a Single Microphone with a Metamaterial Enclosure
Authors: Sun Xuecong , Jia Han , Zhang Zhe , Yang Yuzhen , Sun Zhaoyong , Yang Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConventional approaches to sound localization and separation are based on microphone arrays in artificial systems. Inspired by the selective perception of the human auditory system, a multisource listening system which can separate simultaneous overlapping sounds and localize the sound sources in 3D space, using only a single microphone with a metamaterial enclosure is designed. The enclosure modifies the frequency response of the microphone in a direction‐dependent manner by giving each direction a characteristic signature. Thus, the information about the location and the audio content of sound sources can be experimentally reconstructed from the modulated mixed signals using a compressive sensing algorithm. Due to the low computational complexity of the proposed reconstruction algorithm, the designed system can also be applied in source identification and tracking. The effectiveness of the system in multiple real‐life scenarios is evaluated through multiple random listening tests. The proposed metamaterial‐based single‐sensor listening system opens a new way of sound localization and separation, which can be applied to intelligent scene monitoring and robot audition.
Parkinsonism caused by Intracranial ependymoma: A rare case report and literature review
Authors: Lou Yue , Wang Yanwen , Zhuang Liying , Cai Miao , Liu Xiaoli 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundEpendymomas, especially intracranial ependymomas, are rare neoplasms of the CNS. The clinical courses of patients with intracranial ependymomas can be quite variable. At present, data on parkinsonism caused by ependymomas are scarce.Case presentationA 13‐year‐old girl presented with parkinsonism symptoms of clumsiness in her left leg and hand. Her mother was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease at age 30, nine years previously. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a lesion in the temporal lobe with long‐T1 signal, mixed‐T2 signal. The patient was taken in for a right tumorectomy and was diagnosed as having an ependymoma postoperatively. The patient's symptoms fully resolved in the postoperative phase.ConclusionThe case describes the mechanism of intracranial ependymoma involving parkinsonism symptoms. Our findings suggest that in some patients presenting with atypical PD symptoms the underlying cause should not be overlooked; MRI examination is necessary.
Effect of particle shape on methanol partial oxidation in a fixed bed using CFD reactor modeling
Authors: Partopour Behnam , Dixon Anthony G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractParticle shape is one of the most important parameters in the design and optimization of fixed‐bed processes. To address the impact of particle shape on methanol partial oxidation to formaldehyde over molybdate catalyst, packings of spheres, cylinders, rings, and trilobes are numerically generated. The generated packings are used to carry out resolved particle Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations under industrial conditions. Pressure drop, voidage and velocity profiles, radial heat transfer, and local and overall conversion and selectivity results are presented. Despite their lower particle surface area, lower particle effectiveness and more uneven flow distribution than trilobes, and lower overall heat transfer coefficient than cylinders, rings had the best conversion and selectivity due to their balance between the factors. Three longer tubes of rings, rings and cylinders, and rings and trilobes are simulated and show a small gain in selectivity for the rings and trilobes.
A new case of SMABF2 diagnosed in stillbirth expands the prenatal presentation and mutational spectrum of ASCC1
Authors: Giuffrida Maria G. , Mastromoro Gioia , Guida Valentina , Truglio Mauro , Fabbretti Maria , Torres Barbara , Mazza Tommaso , De Luca Alessandro , Roggini Mario , Bernardini Laura , Pizzuti Antonio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures 2 (SMABF2) is a rare autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and prenatal fractures of the long bones, with poor prognosis. The most affected patients present with biallelic loss‐of‐function nucleotide variants in ASCC1 gene, coding a subunit of the transcriptional coactivator ASC‐1 complex, although the exact pathogenesis is yet unknown. This work describes the first case of SMABF2 in a stillbirth with documented evolution of the disease in the prenatal period. A microdeletion copy number variant (CNV) of about 64 Kb, involving four exons of ASCC1, was firstly detected by microarray analysis, requested for arthrogryposis and hydrops. Subsequent exome analysis disclosed a nucleotide variant of the same gene [c.1027C>T; (p. Arg343*)], resulting in the introduction of a premature termination codon. This stillbirth represents the first case of ASCC1 compound heterozygosity, due to an exonic microdeletion and a nucleotide variant, expanding the mutational spectrum of this gene. It also provides further evidence that exonic CNVs are an underestimated cause of disease‐alleles and that the integrated use of the last generation genetic analysis tools, together with careful clinical evaluations, are fundamental for the characterization of rare diseases even in the prenatal setting.
A novel truncating variant in ring finger protein 113A (RNF113A) confirms the association of this gene with X‐linked trichothiodystrophy
Authors: Mendelsohn Bryce A. , Beleford Daniah T. , Abu‐El‐Haija Aya , Alsaleh Norah S. , Rahbeeni Zuhair , Martin Pierre‐Marie , Rego Shannon , Huang Alyssa , Capodanno Gina , Shieh Joseph T. , Van Ziffle Jessica , Risch Neil , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Slavotinek Anne M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe describe an 11‐year old boy with severe global developmental delays, failure to thrive and growth retardation, refractory seizures with recurrent status epilepticus, hypogammaglobulinemia, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and duodenal strictures. He had facial and skin findings compatible with trichothiodystrophy, including sparse and brittle hair, thin eyebrows, and dry skin. Exome sequencing showed a hemizygous, truncating variant in RNF113A, c.903_910delGCAGACCA, predicting p.(Gln302fs*12), that was inherited from his mother. Although his clinical features overlap closely with features described in the two previously reported male first cousins with RNF113A loss of function mutations, the duodenal strictures seen in this patient have not been reported. Interestingly, the patient's mother had short stature and 100% skewed X‐inactivation as seen in other obligate female carriers. A second male with developmental delays, microcephaly, seizures, ambiguous genitalia, and facial anomalies that included sparse and brittle hair, thin eyebrows and dry skin was recently reported to have c.897_898delTG, predicting p.(Cys299*) in RNF113A and we provide additional clinical details for this patient. This report further supports deleterious variants in RNF113A as a cause of a novel trichothiodystrophy syndrome.
Retrospective analysis of fetal vertebral defects: Associated anomalies, etiologies, and outcome
Authors: Lemire Gabrielle T. , Beauregard‐Lacroix Éliane , Campeau Philippe M. , Parent Stefan , Roy‐Beaudry Marjolaine , Soglio Dorothée Dal , Grignon Andrée , Rypens Françoise , Wavrant Sandrine , Laberge Anne‐Marie , Delrue Marie‐Ange 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOur objectives were to describe fetal cases of vertebral defects (VD), assess the diagnostic yield of fetal chromosomal analysis for VD and determine which investigations should be performed when evaluating fetal VD. We performed a retrospective chart review for fetuses with VD seen between 2006 and 2015. Cases were identified from CHU Sainte‐Justine's prenatal clinic visits, postmortem fetal skeletal surveys, and medical records. Cases with neural tube defects were excluded. Sixty‐six fetuses with VD were identified at a mean gestational age of 20 weeks. Forty‐seven (71.2%) had associated antenatal anomalies, most commonly genitourinary, skeletal/limb, and cardiac anomalies. Thirteen mothers (19.7%) had pregestational diabetes (95% CI [10.1%–29.3%]). Fifty‐three cases had chromosomal analysis. Three had abnormal results (5.6%): trisomy 13, trisomy 22, and 9q33.1q34.11 deletion. Thirty‐four (51.5%) pregnancies were terminated, one led to intrauterine fetal demise and 31 (46.9%) continued to term. Of 27 children who survived the neonatal period, 21 had congenital scoliosis and 3 had spondylocostal dysostosis. Seven had developmental delay. In conclusion, prenatal evaluation of fetuses with VD should include detailed morphological assessment (including fetal echocardiogram), maternal diabetes screening, and chromosomal microarray if non‐isolated. Our findings provide guidance about management and counseling after a diagnosis of fetal VD.
Biallelic c.1263dupC in DOK7 results in fetal akinesia deformation sequence
Authors: Radhakrishnan Periyasamy , Shukla Anju , Girisha Katta M. , Nayak Shalini S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition. Pathogenic variants in DOK7 are known to cause myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 10 (MIM#254300) and, rarely (reported in a single family) lethal FADS. Herein, we describe a biallelic variant c.1263dupC in DOK7, known to cause congenital myasthenic syndrome 10, causing lethal FADS in a consanguineous family. The present report illustrates wide phenotypic variability caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in DOK7. We also describe the second family with FADS due to pathogenic variants in DOK7.
Chiral Bifunctional Selenide Catalysts for Asymmetric Bromolactonization
Authors: Nishiyori Ryuichi , Maynard John R. J. , Shirakawa Seiji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe development of chiral selenium catalysts for asymmetric transformations has become a pre‐eminent topic in the field of organocatalytic chemistry. Herein, we report the development of chiral bifunctional selenide catalysts bearing a hydroxy group and discuss their application to asymmetric bromolactonization reactions. The importance of the bifunctional design of chiral selenide catalysts for enantioselective bromolactonizations was clearly demonstrated in the present work.
Fast Cyclization of a Proline‐Derived Self‐Immolative Spacer Improves the Efficacy of Carbamate Prodrugs
Authors: Dal Corso Alberto , Borlandelli Valentina , Corno Cristina , Perego Paola , Belvisi Laura , Pignataro Luca , Gennari Cesare 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSelf‐immolative (SI) spacers are sophisticated chemical constructs designed for molecular delivery or material degradation. We describe herein a (S)‐2‐(aminomethyl)pyrrolidine SI spacer that is able to release different types of anticancer drugs (possessing either a phenolic or secondary and tertiary hydroxyl groups) through a fast cyclization mechanism involving carbamate cleavage. The high efficiency of drug release obtained with this spacer was found to be beneficial for the in vitro cytotoxic activity of protease‐sensitive prodrugs, compared with a commonly used spacer of the same class. These findings expand the repertoire of degradation machineries and are instrumental for the future development of highly efficient delivery platforms.
Biosynthesis of Pseudomonas‐Derived Butenolides
Authors: Klapper Martin , Schlabach Kevin , Paschold André , Zhang Shuaibing , Chowdhury Somak , Menzel Klaus‐Dieter , Rosenbaum Miriam A. , Stallforth Pierre 
Published: December 2019

AbstractButenolides are well‐known signaling molecules in Gram‐positive bacteria. Here, we describe a novel class of butenolides isolated from a Gram‐negative Pseudomonas strain, the styrolides. Structure elucidation was aided by the total synthesis of styrolide A. Transposon mutagenesis enabled us to identify the styrolide biosynthetic gene cluster, and by using a homology search, we discovered the related and previously unknown acaterin biosynthetic gene cluster in another Pseudomonas species. Mutagenesis, heterologous expression, and identification of key shunt and intermediate products were crucial to propose a biosynthetic pathway for both Pseudomonas‐derived butenolides. Comparative transcriptomics suggests a link between styrolide formation and the regulatory networks of the bacterium.
Self‐expandable hydrogel biliary stent design utilizing the swelling property of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel
Authors: Nagakawa Yoshiyasu , Fujita Satoshi , Yunoki Shunji , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Suye Shin‐ichiro , Itoi Takao 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTWe have developed a novel self‐expandable biliary stent comprising poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The swelling ratio of the dried PVA hydrogels decreased from 6.7 to 2.6 as the saponification degree increased from 95 to 99.9, whereas the storage modulus and tear strength increased from 17 to 400 kPa and from 0.5 to 10 N mm−1, respectively. The dimensional ratios of the inner‐ and outer‐diameter and the length of the dried tube‐shaped hydrogels (saponification degree of 98.5) prepared by simple air drying isotropically increased 1.4–1.5 times in physiological saline. Meanwhile, the dimensional ratios of the dried hydrogels prepared by drying under extension increased by twice, whereas the length decreased slightly, indicating anisotropic swelling. The radial force of the reswollen tube‐shaped hydrogels (6.6 ± 0.6 mN mm−2) was significantly higher than that of a conventional metallic stent (4.4 ± 0.3 mN mm−2), suggesting that PVA hydrogels were applicable as self‐expandable stents. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48851.
Effect of the wine lees wastes as cost‐advantage and natural fillers on the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)
Authors: Nanni A. , Messori M. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTSolid wine wastes named wine lees (WL) have been tested as cost‐advantage filler within biopolymers such as poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyhexanoate) and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate). WL have been first characterized and subsequently mixed within the polymers through a twin‐screw extruder in different concentrations (10, 20, and 40 phr). Moreover, the role of 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane tested as coupling agent has been investigated within the 20 phr formulation. The obtained materials have been characterized from a thermal, mechanical, rheological, and morphological point of view through: differential scanning calorimetry, melt flow rate, tensile and creep tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Results have shown how WL can improve the biopolymers overall properties without compromising their bio‐based origin. Several micromechanical models have been exploited to extend the mechanical behavior and correlations between biocomposites properties and WL contents have been carried out. Finally, the economic analysis has shown how these biocomposites could be suitable also for large‐scale applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48869.
Relationships between breeding waterbird abundance, diversity, and clear water status after the restoration of two shallow nutrient‐rich Danish lakes
Authors: Fox Anthony D. , Jørgensen Hans E. , Jeppesen Erik , Lauridsen Torben L. , Søndergaard Martin , Fugl Karsten , Myssen Palle , Balsby Thorsten J.S. , Clausen Preben 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Breeding waterbird communities have suffered globally from the effects of anthropogenic changes in water quality (especially nutrient enrichment) in recent decades, but few studies have demonstrated the positive effects of restorative actions.
Annual breeding waterbird surveys in the period 1977–2005 at two restored southern Danish lake basins (combining nutrient load reduction and biomanipulation) showed an up to five‐fold increase in abundance, and considerable changes in species richness and diversity, following restoration to clear water status in both lakes.
Parallel surveys at a third lake, which retained clear water quality throughout, offering a form of natural ‘control', showed no such changes over the same time period.
Consistent relationships between breeding waterbird abundance, species richness, and diversity with measures of water clarity (Secchi disc depth, chlorophyll a, and suspended matter) suggest that water clarity mainly drives the relationship; inverse relationships between these measures and total nitrogen and phosphorus were less consistent than for water clarity.
The results suggest that an improvement in water clarity plays a key role in restoring breeding waterbird communities and suggest that breeding waterbirds can be indicators of the success of lake restoration projects, but more studies are needed to confirm their wider utility under a variety of conditions.
Low-fat/high-fibre diet prehabilitation improves anastomotic healing via the microbiome: an experimental model
Authors: Hyoju S K , Adriaansens C , Wienholts K , Sharma A , Keskey R , Arnold W , van Dalen D , Gottel N , Hyman N , Zaborin A , Gilbert J , van Goor H , Zaborina O , Alverdy J C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Both obesity and the presence of collagenolytic bacterial strains (Enterococcus faecalis) can increase the risk of anastomotic leak. The aim of this study was to determine whether mice chronically fed a high-fat Western-type diet (WD) develop anastomotic leak in association with altered microbiota, and whether this can be mitigated by a short course of standard chow diet (SD; low fat/high fibre) before surgery.

Methods
Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to either SD or an obesogenic WD for 6 weeks followed by preoperative antibiotics and colonic anastomosis. Microbiota were analysed longitudinally after operation and correlated with healing using an established anastomotic healing score. In reiterative experiments, mice fed a WD for 6 weeks were exposed to a SD for 2, 4 and 6 days before colonic surgery, and anastomotic healing and colonic microbiota analysed.

Results
Compared with SD-fed mice, WD-fed mice demonstrated an increased risk of anastomotic leak, with a bloom in the abundance of Enterococcus in lumen and expelled stool (65–90 per cent for WD versus 4–15 per cent for SD; P = 0·010 for lumen, P = 0·013 for stool). Microbiota of SD-fed mice, but not those fed WD, were restored to their preoperative composition after surgery. Anastomotic healing was significantly improved when WD-fed mice were exposed to a SD diet for 2 days before antibiotics and surgery (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
The adverse effects of chronic feeding of a WD on the microbiota and anastomotic healing can be prevented by a short course of SD in mice. Surgical relevanceWorldwide, enhanced recovery programmes have developed into standards of care that reduce major complications after surgery, such as surgical-site infections and anastomotic leak. A complementary effort termed prehabilitation includes preoperative approaches such as smoking cessation, exercise and dietary modification.This study investigated whether a short course of dietary prehabilitation in the form of a low-fat/high-fibre composition can reverse the adverse effect of a high-fat Western-type diet on anastomotic healing in mice.Intake of a Western-type diet had a major adverse effect on both the intestinal microbiome and anastomotic healing following colonic anastomosis in mice. This could be reversed when mice received a low-fat/high-fibre diet before operation.Taken together, these data suggest that dietary modifications before major surgery can improve surgical outcomes via their effects on the intestinal microbiome.