bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal values in adolescence and sense of coherence in adulthood: A cross‐sectional study based on a retrospective recall
Authors: Yasuma Naonori , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Nishi Daisuke , Kawakami Norito 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study is to retrospectively examine the association between personal values in adolescence and sense of coherence (SOC) in adulthood.MethodsJ‐SHINE data from wave 1 (2010) and wave 3 (2017) were used in this study. We retrospectively measured personal values at age 15 in 2017 in two ways: (a) value priorities developed from Schwartz's theory of basic values; and (b) the commitment to values measured by Personal Values Questionnaire II (PVQ‐II). Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the association.ResultsHaving a value priority of belief, pursuing one's interest, enduring active challenges, cherishing family and friends, and having a commitment to values in adolescence were significantly and positively associated, while avoiding causing trouble was significantly and negatively associated with SOC in adulthood.ConclusionsPersonal values in adolescence may be associated with SOC in adulthood. Research of personal values in adolescence could contribute to the understanding the development of SOC.
Severe Obesity as an Independent Risk Factor for COVID‐19 Mortality in Hospitalized Patients Younger than 50
Authors: Klang Eyal , Kassim Gassan , Soffer Shelly , Freeman Robert , Levin Matthew A. , Reich David L. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) continues to spread, and younger patients are also being critically affected. This study analyzed obesity as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients younger than 50.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed data of patients with COVID‐19 who were hospitalized to a large academic hospital system in New York City between March 1, 2020, and May 17, 2020. Data included demographics, comorbidities, BMI, and smoking status. Obesity groups included the following: BMI of 30 to < 40 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2. Multivariable logistic regression models identified variables independently associated with mortality in patients younger and older than 50.ResultsOverall, 3,406 patients were included; 572 (17.0%) patients were younger than 50. In the younger age group, 60 (10.5%) patients died. In the older age group, 1,076 (38.0%) patients died. For the younger population, BMI ≥ 40 was independently associated with mortality (adjusted odds ratio 5.1; 95% CI: 2.3‐11.1). For the older population, BMI ≥ 40 was also independently associated with mortality to a lesser extent (adjusted odds ratio 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2‐2.3).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that hospitalized patients younger than 50 with severe obesity are more likely to die of COVID‐19. This is particularly relevant in the Western world, where obesity rates are high.
Pediatric pulmonology year in review 2019: Sleep medicine
Authors: Afolabi‐Brown Olufunke , Tapia Ignacio E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPediatric Pulmonology publishes original research, review articles as well as case reports on a wide variety of pediatric respiratory disorders. In this article, we summarize the past year's publications in sleep medicine and we review selected literature from other journals within this field. Articles highlighted are topics on risk factors of sleep‐disordered breathing, diagnosis, and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea as well as the utility of polysomnography in various complex conditions.
A systematic review of MAKO‐assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Lin Jiyan , Yan Shigui , Ye Zhaoming , Zhao Xiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), which has many potential advantages compared with total knee arthroplasty, was widely used across the world in recent years. The introduction of the robot systems greatly makes up for the defects of the conventional UKA surgery such as higher complication rates and revision rates. MAKO system, a new image‐guided robot system relies on a preoperative computed tomography scan to assist in preoperative mapping and planning, offers an opportunity to improve the outcome of UKA surgeries. In order to have a more comprehensive and in‐depth understanding of MAKO‐assisted UKA, the studies on MAKO‐assisted UKA were summarized. MAKO‐assisted UKA is better than conventional UKA surgery on implant accuracy, soft tissue balance, patient function scores and satisfaction, complications rates, and learning curve in short‐term outcome; however, the mid‐term and long‐term outcomes of MAKO‐assisted UKA need to be further studied.
Optimized serial expansion of human induced pluripotent stem cells using low-density inoculation to generate clinically relevant quantities in vertical-wheel bioreactors
Authors: Borys Breanna S. , So Tania , Colter James , Dang Tiffany , Roberts Erin L. , Revay Tamas , Larijani Leila , Krawetz Roman , Lewis Ian , Argiropoulos Bob , Rancourt Derrick E. , Jung Sunghoon , Hashimura Yas , Lee Brian , Kallos Michael S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have generated a great deal of attention owing to their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into the three germ layers of the body. Their discovery has facilitated a new era in biomedicine for understanding human development, drug screening, disease modeling, and cell therapy while reducing ethical issues and risks of immune rejection associated with traditional embryonic stem cells. Bioreactor-based processes have been the method of choice for the efficient expansion and differentiation of stem cells in controlled environments. Current protocols for the expansion of hiPSCs use horizontal impeller, paddle, or rocking wave mixing method bioreactors which require large static cell culture starting populations and achieve only moderate cell fold increases. This study focused on optimizing inoculation, agitation, oxygen, and nutrient availability for the culture of hiPSCs as aggregates in single-use, low-shear, vertical-wheel bioreactors. Under optimized conditions, we achieved an expansion of more than 30-fold in 6 days using a small starting population of cells and minimal media resources throughout. Importantly, we showed that that this optimized bioreactor expansion protocol could be replicated over four serial passages resulting in a cumulative cell expansion of 1.06E6-fold in 28 days. Cells from the final day of the serial passage were of high quality, maintaining a normal karyotype, pluripotent marker staining, and the ability to form teratomas in vivo. These findings demonstrate that a vertical-wheel bioreactor-based bioprocess can provide optimal conditions for efficient, rapid generation of high-quality hiPSCs to meet the demands for clinical manufacturing of therapeutic cell products.

Significance statement This study has developed a new method to grow human induced pluripotent stem cells in large quantities through serial passaging in vertical-wheel bioreactors. Cells were cultured from small starting numbers, in optimized conditions, resulting in economical, reproducible culture techniques for high-quality populations. These advances will have significant economic and practical applications in stem cell therapies.
Stabilization of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Containing Captopril Tin Complexes against Degradation upon Exposure to Ultraviolet Light
Authors: Majeed Alabbas , Yousif Emad , El‐Hiti Gamal A. , Ahmed Dina S. , Ahmed Ahmed A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPoly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is commonly used in many industrial applications. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes undesirable changes to PVC properties. Therefore, PVC should be protected from radiation to increase its lifetime for outdoor applications. Here, new organotin complexes containing captopril were synthesized for use as low‐concentration additives to enhance PVC photostability. Reacting captopril with the appropriate organotin chloride or dibutyltin oxide gave the corresponding organotin complex in 63% to 89% yield. Captopril tin complexes (0.5 wt%) were added to PVC solution and thin films were produced. The films were irradiated with UV light for 300 hours. The formation of specific functional groups and reduction in weight and molecular weight were monitored during irradiation. In addition, the surface morphology was checked pre before and after irradiation. The results confirmed that undesirable changes in the PVC films occurred to a lower extent in the presence of captopril tin complexes. These additives function as UV absorbers, scavengers for hydrogen chloride, and decomposers for peroxide and coordinate well with the PVC chains. The triphenyltin complex was the best inhibitor of PVC photodegradation, which is likely due to its high aromatic content.
Changes in Crystallization Behaviors of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Induced by Water Content
Authors: Xiang Aimin , Lv Chang , Zhou Hongfu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWater as the low‐cost, environmentally friendly, easily obtained plasticizer was used widely in the preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) products. However, few researches were done to investigate the effect of water content on the crystallization behaviors of PVA. The water content in various PVA films was controlled by drying in a vacuum oven at different time and was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The changes in crystallization behaviors of PVA affected by water content were investigated using differential scanning calorimeter, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and X‐ray diffraction. The wafer thickness and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of various PVA films were also studied. The corresponding results showed that the crystallinity of various PVA films increased and then stabilized as the drying time increased. The distribution of wafer thickness in PVA films became narrow, and their wafer thickness value became small. The decrease of water content in PVA films promoted the crystallization rate, because the movement ability of PVA molecular chains was enhanced by the decrement in hydration hydrogen bonds in various PVA films.
The prospects of quantum computing in computational molecular biology
Authors: Outeiral Carlos , Strahm Martin , Shi Jiye , Morris Garrett M. , Benjamin Simon C. , Deane Charlotte M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuantum computers can in principle solve certain problems exponentially more quickly than their classical counterparts. We have not yet reached the advent of useful quantum computation, but when we do, it will affect nearly all scientific disciplines. In this review, we examine how current quantum algorithms could revolutionize computational biology and bioinformatics. There are potential benefits across the entire field, from the ability to process vast amounts of information and run machine learning algorithms far more efficiently, to algorithms for quantum simulation that are poised to improve computational calculations in drug discovery, to quantum algorithms for optimization that may advance fields from protein structure prediction to network analysis. However, these exciting prospects are susceptible to “hype,” and it is also important to recognize the caveats and challenges in this new technology. Our aim is to introduce the promise and limitations of emerging quantum computing technologies in the areas of computational molecular biology and bioinformatics.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Data Science > Computer Algorithms and Programming
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Phase‐separated bacterial ribonucleoprotein bodies organize mRNA decay
Authors: Muthunayake Nisansala S. , Tomares Dylan T. , Childers W. Seth , Schrader Jared M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn bacteria, mRNA decay is controlled by megadalton scale macromolecular assemblies called, “RNA degradosomes,” composed of nucleases and other RNA decay associated proteins. Recent advances in bacterial cell biology have shown that RNA degradosomes can assemble into phase‐separated structures, termed bacterial ribonucleoprotein bodies (BR‐bodies), with many analogous properties to eukaryotic processing bodies and stress granules. This review will highlight the functional role that BR‐bodies play in the mRNA decay process through its organization into a membraneless organelle in the bacterial cytoplasm. This review will also highlight the phylogenetic distribution of BR‐bodies across bacterial species, which suggests that these phase‐separated structures are broadly distributed across bacteria, and in evolutionarily related mitochondria and chloroplasts.This article is categorized under:RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance MechanismsRNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein ComplexesRNA Export and Localization > RNA LocalizationRNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
Impact of oxygen availability on heterologous geneexpression and polypeptide secretion dynamics in Yarrowia lipolytica‐based protein production platforms
Authors: Gorczyca Maria , Kaźmierczak Jan , Steels Sebastien , Fickers Patrick , Celińska Ewelina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIndustrially relevant traits of Yarrowia lipolytica, like high growth rate, capacity to grow at high cell density or to synthesize biomolecules with high productivities, strongly rely on sufficient oxygen provision. Although the impact of oxygen availability (OA) on the physiology of Y. lipolytica has been already studied, its influence on recombinant protein (rProt) synthesis and secretion has been largely neglected to date. With the aim to fill this gap, a fluorescent reporter protein (yellow fluorescent protein [YFP]) was used herein as a proxy to follow simultaneously rProt synthesis and secretion in Y. lipolytica under different OAs. This study covers the analysis of the reporter gene expression through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, polypeptide synthesis and its retention‐to‐secretion ratio using flow cytometry and fluorymetry during shake flasks and bioreactor cultivations under different OA. The results gathered demonstrate that OA has a dramatic impact on the kinetics of intracellular and extracellular YFP accumulation. Higher rProt production and secretion were favoured under high OA, and were largely related to OA and not to cell growth. Our observations also suggest the existence of some upper limit of secretory protein accumulation inside the cells above which massive secretion is initiated. Moreover, at low OA, the first bottleneck in rProt synthesis occurs as early as at transcription level, which could results from a lower availability of transcriptional machinery elements. Finally, using flow cytometry and bioreactor cultivations, we highlighted that ovoid cells are generally more efficient in terms of rProt synthesis.
Diacylglycerol kinase and phospholipase D inhibitors alter the cellular lipidome and endosomal sorting towards the Golgi apparatus
Authors: Lingelem Anne Berit Dyve , Kavaliauskiene Simona , Halsne Ruth , Klokk Tove Irene , Surma Michal A. , Klose Christian , Skotland Tore , Sandvig Kirsten 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe membrane lipids diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are important second messengers that can regulate membrane transport by recruiting proteins to the membrane and by altering biophysical membrane properties. DAG and PA are involved in the transport from the Golgi apparatus to endosomes, and we have here investigated whether changes in these lipids might be important for regulation of transport to the Golgi using the protein toxin ricin. Modulation of DAG and PA levels using DAG kinase (DGK) and phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitors gave a strong increase in retrograde ricin transport, but had little impact on ricin recycling or degradation. Inhibitor treatment strongly affected the endosome morphology, increasing endosomal tubulation and size. Furthermore, ricin was present in these tubular structures together with proteins known to regulate retrograde transport. Using siRNA to knock down different isoforms of PLD and DGK, we found that several isoforms of PLD and DGK are involved in regulating ricin transport to the Golgi. Finally, by performing lipidomic analysis we found that the DGK inhibitor gave a weak, but expected, increase in DAG levels, while the PLD inhibitor gave a strong and unexpected increase in DAG levels, showing that it is important to perform lipidomic analysis when using inhibitors of lipid metabolism.
Functions Preserving the Biadditivity
Authors: Łukasik Radosław , Wójcik Paweł 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper we consider the generalization of the orthogonality equation. Let S be a semigroup, and let H, X be abelian groups. For two given biadditive functions $$A:S^2\rightarrow X$$

A
:

S
2

→
X

, $$B:H^2\rightarrow X$$

B
:

H
2

→
X

and for two unknown mappings $$f,g:S\rightarrow H$$

f
,
g
:
S
→
H

the functional equation $$\begin{aligned} B(f(x),g(y))=A(x,y) \end{aligned}$$

B
(
f
(
x
)
,
g
(
y
)
)
=
A
(
x
,
y
)

will be solved under quite natural assumptions. This extends the well-known characterization of the linear isometry.
Rhythmic episodes of heating and cooling control thermal stratification of two tropical high mountain lakes
Authors: Alcocer Javier , Roberson Jennifer , Oseguera Luis A. , Lewis William M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Continuous temperature monitoring for two adjacent tropical crater lakes in Mexico at 4200 m amsl shows that the lakes have rhythmic episodes of heating and cooling with a duration of ~ 30 days during the warmest months. The episodes were caused by rise and decline of solar irradiance reaching the lake surface. One lake, El Sol, showed over each heating and cooling episode a stable mixed layer (~ 20 days) and a deeper layer with a weak thermal gradient. Temperatures below the mixed layer warmed progressively by eddy diffusion after the mixed layer formed. Stratification was followed by full mixing of the water column. Within the same crater, an adjacent second lake, La Luna, showed the same cycles of heating and cooling; it stratified daily but not over multiple days. The difference between the lakes (discontinuous polymictic, continuous polymictic) is explained by the lower transparency of El Sol, which led to greater heat uptake near the surface than the more transparent La Luna. Lower transparency of El Sol was caused by modest anthropogenic effects on total suspended solids and nutrient loading, i.e., small deviations from the natural condition of El Sol caused it to differ qualitatively from La Luna. Events observed in these lakes would not have been evident from weekly temperature records.
Harnessing the power of novel animal-free test methods for the development of COVID-19 drugs and vaccines
Authors: Busquet Francois , Hartung Thomas , Pallocca Giorgia , Rovida Costanza , Leist Marcel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19-inducing virus, SARS-CoV2, is likely to remain a threat to human health unless efficient drugs or vaccines become available. Given the extent of the current pandemic (people in over one hundred countries infected) and its disastrous effect on world economy (associated with limitations of human rights), speedy drug discovery is critical. In this situation, past investments into the development of new (animal-free) approach methods (NAM) for drug safety, efficacy, and quality evaluation can be leveraged. For this, we provide an overview of repurposing ideas to shortcut drug development times. Animal-based testing would be too lengthy, and it largely fails, when a pathogen is species-specific or if the desired drug is based on specific features of human biology. Fortunately, industry has already largely shifted to NAM, and some public funding programs have advanced the development of animal-free technologies. For instance, NAM can predict genotoxicity (a major aspect of carcinogenicity) within days, human antibodies targeting virus epitopes can be generated in molecular biology laboratories within weeks, and various human cell-based organoids are available to test virus infectivity and the biological processes controlling them. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has formed an expert group to pave the way for the use of such approaches for accelerated drug development. This situation illustrates the importance of diversification in drug discovery strategies and clearly shows the shortcomings of an approach that invests 95% of resources into a single technology (animal experimentation) in the face of challenges that require alternative approaches.
Realizing the Braided Temperley–Lieb–Jones C*-Tensor Categories as Hilbert C*-Modules
Authors: Aaserud Andreas Næs , Evans David E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe associate to each Temperley–Lieb–Jones C*-tensor category$${\mathcal {T}}{\mathcal {L}}{\mathcal {J}}(\delta )$$TLJ(δ)with parameter$$\delta $$δin the discrete range$$\{2\cos (\pi /(k+2)):\,k=1,2,\ldots \}\cup \{2\}$${2cos(π/(k+2)):k=1,2,…}∪{2}a certain C*-algebra$${\mathcal {B}}$$Bof compact operators. We use the unitary braiding on$${\mathcal {T}}{\mathcal {L}}{\mathcal {J}}(\delta )$$TLJ(δ)to equip the category$$\mathrm {Mod}_{{\mathcal {B}}}$$ModBof (right) Hilbert$${\mathcal {B}}$$B-modules with the structure of a braided C*-tensor category. We show that$${\mathcal {T}}{\mathcal {L}}{\mathcal {J}}(\delta )$$TLJ(δ)is equivalent, as a braided C*-tensor category, to the full subcategory$$\mathrm {Mod}_{{\mathcal {B}}}^f$$ModBfof$$\mathrm {Mod}_{{\mathcal {B}}}$$ModBwhose objects are those modules which admit a finite orthonormal basis. Finally, we indicate how these considerations generalize to arbitrary finitely generated rigid braided C*-tensor categories.
C*-Algebras of Right LCM One-Relator Monoids and Artin–Tits Monoids of Finite Type
Authors: Li Xin , Omland Tron , Spielberg Jack 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study C*-algebras generated by left regular representations of right LCM one-relator monoids and Artin–Tits monoids of finite type. We obtain structural results concerning nuclearity, ideal structure and pure infiniteness. Moreover, we compute K-theory. Based on our K-theory results, we develop a new way of computing K-theory for certain group C*-algebras and crossed products.
A Periodic Hexagon Tiling Model and Non-Hermitian Orthogonal Polynomials
Authors: Charlier C. , Duits M. , Kuijlaars A. B. J. , Lenells J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study a one-parameter family of probability measures on lozenge tilings of large regular hexagons that interpolates between the uniform measure on all possible tilings and a particular fully frozen tiling. The description of the asymptotic behavior can be separated into two regimes: the low and the high temperature regime. Our main results are the computations of the disordered regions in both regimes and the limiting densities of the different lozenges there. For low temperatures, the disordered region consists of two disjoint ellipses. In the high temperature regime the two ellipses merge into a single simply connected region. At the transition from the low to the high temperature a tacnode appears. The key to our asymptotic study is a recent approach introduced by Duits and Kuijlaars providing a double integral representation for the correlation kernel. One of the factors in the integrand is the Christoffel–Darboux kernel associated to polynomials that satisfy non-Hermitian orthogonality relations with respect to a complex-valued weight on a contour in the complex plane. We compute the asymptotic behavior of these orthogonal polynomials and the Christoffel–Darboux kernel by means of a Riemann–Hilbert analysis. After substituting the resulting asymptotic formulas into the double integral we prove our main results by classical steepest descent arguments.