bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De wil van de wilsonbekwame dementiepatiënt
Authors: de Bontridder M.J.J. 
Published: August 2020

De wil van de wilsonbekwame dementiepatiënt
Iemand heeft schriftelijk een verzoek gedaan hem euthanasie te verlenen mocht hij diep-dement worden. In deze toestand gekomen maakt hij door uitingen of gedragingen kenbaar niet te willen sterven. Is verlenen van euthanasie dan toegestaan? Bepleit wordt dat een hierop gerichte clausule in de euthanasieverklaring voor de arts leidinggevend is.
Reactie op J.M. van der Most, ‘Laboratoriumonderzoek op aanvraag van de huisarts en het eigen risico in de zorgverzekering’, TvGR 2018, p. 109-119
Authors: van Rossum A.P. , Verboeket-van de Venne W.P.H.G. , Oosterhuis W.P. 
Published: August 2020

Reactie op J.M. van der Most, ‘Laboratoriumonderzoek op aanvraag van de huisarts en het eigen risico in de zorgverzekering’, TvGR 2018, p. 109-119
In reactie op het artikel van Van der Most gaan de auteurs in op de dagelijkse praktijk van medische laboratoria. Zij geven aan dat laboratoriumonderzoek kan worden gezien als zorgverlening tussen laboratorium en patiënt en dat het specialistische zorg betreft die niet zonder meer in de eerstelijnspraktijk en door de huisarts kan worden uitgeoefend.
Ondernemingskamer stelt wanbeleid vast bij zorginstelling DeSeizoenen
Authors: van Rheenen S.M. 
Published: August 2020

Ondernemingskamer stelt wanbeleid vast bij zorginstelling DeSeizoenen. Hof Amsterdam 24 januari 2020, ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2020:144 (CCr/DeSeizoenen)
De Ondernemingskamer stelt wanbeleid vast bij zorginstelling DeSeizoenen, vanwege onzorgvuldige besluitvorming en governance bij de totstandkoming van de vastgoedconstructie binnen de groepsstructuur. Deze bijdrage behandelt de toelaatbaarheid van de vastgoedconstructie, het daarmee samenhangende winstuitkeringsverbod, de vereiste zorgvuldigheid in de besluitvorming en governance van zorginstellingen en de cliëntenraad als interne toezichthouder.
The Meaning of Value in “Person-centred” approaches to Healthcare
Authors: Pierron Jean-Philippe , Vinot Didier 
Published: August 2020

In health economics, value has usually been understood within the framework of the production and consumption of healthcare. Two tools of measurement, efficiency and equity, have been used to make decisions on healthcare resources. However, the healthcare system is also not a market like others, and applying the criteria of efficiency and equity to the field of health calls for significant adaptation. In addition, even when epistemologically informed and technically equipped, care is also attention and an engagement toward the person for whom the care is directed. Current models fail to take into consideration the individual, qualitative nature of individual patient experience, but also the wider environment affecting the patient’s health outcomes. Therefore tensions continue to exist between value as understood in a health economics perspective and the relational values promoted in proposals of person-centered care. Healthcare values are plural and explain what one commits to in terms of actions and relationships with others. Taking into account this plurality reminds us both of the ethical dimension of care but also how it is made possible through financing. Person-centered care therefore calls for new models of evaluation, ones which will understand the values of care for the person in their personal and professional contexts.
Person Centered Healthcare and Clinical Research: The Necessity of an Evolutionary Hierarchy of Knowing and Doing
Authors: Wyer Peter , Loughlin Michael 
Published: August 2020

Effective person-centred care requires recognition of the personhood not only of patients but of practitioners. This chapter explores the consequences of this recognition for major debates in medical epistemology, regarding clinical reasoning and the relationship between research and practice. For too long these debates have been dominated by false dichotomies - subjectivity versus objectivity, judgement versus evidence, reason versus emotion. Based on flawed understandings of such core concepts as “objectivity” and “engagement”, this distorted dissection of the subject-object relationship has served to depersonalise practice. The costs of this depersonalisation include over-regulation and micromanagement of healthcare processes by administrators and payers at the same time that information from clinical research remains under-utilized and the personhood of patients’ risks being ignored.Science is a human practice, founded in a broader conception of human reasoning, ontologically dependent on human beings living and engaging with the world in social, emotional and ethical contexts. After looking at different conceptions of epistemic hierarchies and their uses in the analysis and evaluation of reasoning in a range of practice contexts, we propose a “nested hierarchy” that effectively turns upside-down the flawed evidence hierarchies that have helped to depersonalise care. T.S. Eliot’s “wisdom, knowledge, information” scheme (to which we add “data” below “information”) provides a model for a person-centred epistemic hierarchy. This crucial, person-centred inversion represents levels of awareness that characterize more or less developed thinking and judgment on the part of the particular practitioner.
The university of sydneySocial-Economic Impacts of Sports Betting on Ugandan Youth. The case of Mbale Youth .
Authors: Masaba Kutosi Ayub , Sekakubo Johnson , Blaszczynski Alexander 
Published: August 2020

Sports betting activities, particularly among youth, is increasing rapidly in Ugandan. The aim of this study was to determine the motivation for sports betting among Ugandan youth, and the social economic impact of this form of gambling. In a cross sectional quantitative research design, a questionnaire data was obtained from a sample of 181 youth attending betting houses in the Mbale district. Results indicated that that most youths were motivated by the desire to win money. Findings also revealed that Ugandan youth socially and economically benefited from sports betting. The study concludes by recommending that even if findings do not show the negative impacts of gambling on youth, there is need for stricter laws to avert any future negative implications.
Profiling Excluders from German Casinos using Municipality Level Data
Authors: Strohäker Tanja , Becker Tilman 
Published: August 2020

Gambling is not a totally undisputed way to spend leisure time. While most people pursue their play instinct only from time to time, some happen to lose control over their urge and develop a problematic or even pathological gambling behavior. Getting excluded can be a way to regain control and minimize harm for affected gamblers. In comparison to the majority of other work dealing with this topic, not individual level information was used, but higher aggregated municipality level data. The goal of this paper was to analyze in what way sociodemographic factors and proximity measures can be used to explain the variation in the number of excluded gamblers across German communities. For that purpose, a unique dataset with 3,091 observations containing information about the number of excluders as well as census data and spatial information has been created. The method used for estimation of the effects was OLS. The results of the study suggested that excluders are more likely to be male, between 30 and 39 years old and less likely to be single. Due to flaws in the data, the other sociodemographic factors did not yield significant associations. Additionally, the number of exclusions increases with close proximity to gambling establishments. The distance to the closest casino has a negative impact on exclusions. This is backed up by the finding that there are relatively more exclusions in communities where casinos are directly located.
Further Analysis of the Markowitz Model of Utility with a small degree of probability distortion
Authors: Peel David , Law David 
Published: August 2020

Explanation of the Allais paradox and the preference of many for multiple prize lottery tickets provide a rationale for why a model of agent’s choice under uncertainty should embody the assumption that they distort probabilities. However the degree of probability distortion required to explain gambling on long shots in Cumulative Prospect Theory appears problematic since it implies subjective expected rates of return are dramatically higher than objective returns. Here we show that a Markowitz model of expected utility, supplemented by a small degree of probability distortion, has qualitatively similar predictions as Cumulative Prospect Theory for numerous experimental outcomes as well as the indifference curves between expected return and objective probabilities for a given stake gamble. In addition we show how a small degree of probability distortion can lead to a preference for a multiple prize lottery which has a rather different prize structure and associated probabilities than the optimally chosen one prize lottery even though the utility gain is small.
AN EXPLANATION OF OPTIMAL EACH-WAY BETS BASED ON NON-EXPECTED UTILITY THEORY
Authors: Peel David , Law David 
Published: August 2020

The purpose in this paper is to demonstrate how the non-expected utility models of Markowitz and Kahneman and Tversky can explain why an agent, chooses to bet each way on a horse.We also show that that appeal to moments of return, such as a preference for skewness of return, ceteris paribus, to explain the choice of the each way gamble over the single win gamble is , in general, invalid.
FALSE CONSCIOUSNESS IN FINANCIAL MARKETS: OR IS IT IN IVORY TOWERS?
Authors: Schnytzer Adi , Westreich Sara 
Published: August 2020

In general, models in finance assume that investors are risk averse. An example of such a recent model is the pioneering work of Aumann and Serrano, which presents an economic index of riskiness of gambles which is independent of wealth and holds (as might be understood from the adjective “economic”) for exclusively risk averse investors. In their paper, they discuss gambles with positive expected returns which will be accepted or rejected by agents which different levels of risk aversion. The question never asked by the authors (and in most of the finance literature) is: Who is offering these attractive gambles? To arrive at an answer, we extend the Aumann-Serrano risk index in such a way that it accommodates gambles with either positive or negative expectations and is thus suitable for both the risk averse and risk lovers. Once we allow for the existence of risk lovers, it may be shown that in financial markets, many gambles with negative expectations are taken either knowingly or unknowingly so that there are always people that act as if they are risk lovers. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications of our result, in particular that gambling is by no means restricted to the casino or the track.
APPLICATIONS OF AN SPRT-LIKE TEST IN PARI-MUTUEL WAGERING
Authors: Porth Lisa , Rosenbloom Earl 
Published: August 2020

Pari-mutuel wagering functions as a very simple financial market, and has therefore been important in studying market efficiency. In this study, an SPRT-like test reveals that probabilities from the win pool corrected for the favourite longshot bias using Asch and Quandt’s regression equation can be used to exploit the exacta pool, and probabilities obtained from the exacta pool can be used to exploit the win pool. These finding differ from previously published studies that maintain that the win pool is largely efficient. Further, these findings mirror statistical arbitrage strategies utilized by hedge funds, where pricing inefficiencies are exploited between related assets.
MEASURING AND FORECASTING FAN INTEREST IN NFL FOOTBALL GAMES
Authors: Paul Rodney J , Wachsman Yoav , Weinbach Andrew 
Published: August 2020

This study examines the relationship between NFL game characteristics and the frequency of fan ratings on the NFL’s website (www.NFL.com). The margin of victory and overall total points scored in a game are shown to be significant determinants of the number of times individual games are rated; suggesting fans enjoy close and high-scoring games. While the actual game characteristics are only known for certain after the game is played, information provided by betting markets show similar predictive power in estimating the number of times a game is rated. Given that betting market data is generated prior to the start of the game, these relationships may allow for improvements in pre-game forecasting of television, or other media, audiences for live sporting events.
RISK ASSESSMENT OF PROGRESSIVE CASINO GAMES
Authors: Quigley John , Revie Matthew 
Published: August 2020

This paper presents an investigation into the properties of a stochastic process whereby the value of a fund grows arithmetically and decays geometrically over discrete time periods. While this general structure is applicable to many situations, it is particularly prevalent in many casino games. This investigation was motivated by a request for support by a casino operator. Statistical models were developed to identify optimal decisions relating to the casino game concerning setting the initial jackpot, the probability of winning each prize, and the size of the prizes. It is demonstrated that all moments of the process converge asymptotically and the limiting distribution is not Normal. Closed form expressions are provided for the first moment as well as investigate the quality of approximating the distribution with an Edgeworth Expansion. The case that motivated this initial investigation is presented and discussed.
EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF CASINOS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE COUNTIES IN THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION
Authors: Economopoulos Andrew James 
Published: August 2020

Few have formally evaluated the economic impact of casinos, and yet most agree that it is crucial in estimating the net benefit to society. A new casino investment should stimulate economic activity in the immediate region, but its operations could potentially reduce employment and incomes with in the industry. Grinols outlines the factors that could lead to positive or negative growth from the investment, but what is critical to the empirical validation of the investment is the definition of region. Since data is geographically limited to political boundaries, it is necessary to employ a spatial methodology that captures the impact beyond the political boundary. The Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) is outline. The SDM captures both the local impacts and spillovers in the region and it can also identify if the casino competes or complements within their sectors. Income per capita and employment measurements for the county and the retail sector were examined. The evidence indicates that casinos raises per capita income in urban areas, but lowers per capita income in rural areas, while employment has significant gains in private employment, total employment, and retail employment. The gains in both income and employment erode overtime.
Liver Pathologic Changes After Direct-Acting Antiviral Agent Therapy and Sustained Virologic Response in the Setting of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Celli Romulo , Saffo Saad , Kamili Saleem , Wiese Nicholas , Hayden Tonya , Taddei Tamar , Jain Dhanpat 
Published: August 2020

Context.—
Treatment of chronic viral hepatitis C (HCV) infection with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) results in cure, or sustained viral response (SVR), in more than 90% of patients. However, there are subsets of patients who have persistent liver inflammation and fibrosis and develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) despite achieving SVR. A possible reason for these phenomena may be the presence of virus particles in liver tissue but not blood, otherwise defined as occult infection.

Objective.—
To describe liver histologic findings following successful DAA therapy, test HCV RNA by (liver) tissue polymerase chain reaction in treated cases, and identify predictive markers for HCC development in treated cases.

Design.—
A total of 96 identified patients were divided into 4 groups, each differentiated by the presence or absence of SVR and HCC. Groups were compared for several clinicopathologic variables, including degree of inflammation and fibrosis, and the ‘directionality' of fibrosis in cirrhotic livers using the novel progressive-indeterminate-regressive scoring system.

Results.—
Overall, we found a significant decrease in inflammation in SVR patients. None of the patients showed regression of their cirrhosis following treatment. No evidence of occult HCV infection was seen in 40 livers tested, including 21 with HCC. The number of patients who developed HCC was similar in the SVR and non-SVR groups, and increased inflammation and fibrosis were associated with HCC development.

Conclusions.—
Following DAA-SVR there appears to be an overall decrease in inflammation, but the fibrosis tends to persist, at least in the short term (median follow-up of 20.2 months).
Point-of-Care Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Review of Recent Developments
Authors: Adamson Paul C. , Loeffelholz Michael J. , Klausner Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2020

Context.—
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most common communicable diseases globally and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Point-of-care tests have the potential to revolutionize the prevention and control of STIs by enabling rapid diagnosis and early treatment of infections, thus interrupting transmission and preventing the sequelae of untreated infections. Currently, there are several point-of-care (POC) tests available for the diagnosis of Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis infections, although these tests differ with regard to their performance, turnaround time, and cost.

Objective.—
To provide an updated review of the POC tests available and under development for the diagnosis of T pallidum, C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, and T vaginalis infections, to discuss the context for which these tests might be used, and to highlight future directions for test development.

Data Sources.—
We reviewed the literature pertaining to the recent development and performance evaluations of POC tests for the diagnosis of syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomonas.

Conclusions.—
Recently, there has been rapid development of new POC tests for STIs. Although there are inexpensive, rapid, and accurate POC tests available for syphilis, there are few such tests available for the diagnosis of chlamydia, gonorrhea, or trichomonas, and currently none with the ability to detect antimicrobial resistance in N gonorrhoeae. Research evaluating implementation strategies for the currently available tests and the development of additional POC tests that are rapid, accurate, and affordable are urgently needed to address the rising number of STIs worldwide.
Análisis cartográfico del nivel de afectación de los incendios forestales sobre áreas urbanizadas en la Costa del Sol occidental (1991-2013)
Authors: Romero-Padilla José , Martínez Murillo Juan Francisco 
Published: August 2020

Este trabajo analiza el grado de variabilidad de la afección de los siniestros de incendios forestales, ocurridos en los municipios de la Costa del Sol occidental (provincia de Málaga), sobre sus áreas urbanizadas e infraestructuras viarias durante el periodo 1991 a 2013. Primero se lleva a cabo un análisis descriptivo de los incendios forestales registrados desde 1987 hasta 2015. Posteriormente, se caracteriza el grado de afección de los incendios forestales sobre áreas urbanas e infraestructuras viarias, a partir de la medición de la cercanía del fuego a las mismas. Los resultados muestran que la Costa del Sol occidental se sitúa como el área más afectada por el fuego en la provincia de Málaga, al mismo nivel de otras regiones españolas, con una importante actividad turística y una expansión desmedida de la superficie urbanizada. Los siniestros analizados adquieren carácter de incendio de interfase urbano-forestal debido a la urbanización intensa y dispersa por su territorio y a la densidad de su red viaria. La cartografía muestra que la población e infraestructuras viarias potencialmente afectadas por el fuego tienen una variabilidad anual muy elevada, aunque cada vez es más frecuente que se vea afectada directa o indirectamente, haciendo necesario la actualización constante de los sistemas de protección a la población.
This study deals with the forest fire affecting the municipalities of Western Costa del Sol (province of Málaga, South of Spain), namely, in the urban areas and the main transportation network from 1991 to 2013. To do this, firstly, a descriptive analysis of the registered forest fires included in the Andalucía Government Map Historic Database from 1987 to 2015. Secondly, the affection distance of fire to urban areas and main roads were determined considering the following intervals: 0, 100, 500 and 1,000 m; 0 metres means fire affected directly. The main results are the following: i) the Western Costal del Sol is the most affected area by the fire in the province of Málaga, as well as at the same level than other Mediterranean regions in Spain; ii) the analysed fires could be classified as wildland-urban interphase fire due to the intense urbanization and dense road network along the Costa del Sol. From the mapping analysis, it can be pointed out population and road network with possibilities of being affected by the fire is high but also very variable in time, making necessary updated protection and surveillance systems.
Machine learning based approach for predicting of higher heating values of solid fuels using proximity and ultimate analysis
Authors: ELMAZ Furkan , YÜCEL Özgün , MUTLU Ali Yener 
Published: August 2020

Prediction of higher heating value (HHV) using
proximity and ultimate analysis is an important procedure for understanding the
characteristic attribute of a fuel.
Researches put effort to come up with equations to explain the
relationship between the HHV value and those analyses. But conducted methods
usually included only simple statistical analysis, thus they were partially
effective to use in a practical manner. In this paper we approach this
prediction problem from the machine learning perspective, we employ four
machine learning methods, i.e. linear regression, polynomial regression,
decision tree regression and support vector regression to predict HHV using
proximity and ultimate analysis of different type of materials. Data set used
is collected from literature and is categorized, where the resulting categories
are used as features to be fed to the machine learning models to create
prediction models as accurate as possible. Performances of the proposed methods
are evaluated with k-fold cross-validation technique and each method’s pros and
cons are discussed for both prediction accuracy and computational complexity.
Towards a comprehensive theory of culturally constructed humour
Authors: Kianbakht Sajjad 
Published: August 2020

In the present research, we discuss Humour Studies within Linguistics, focusing mainly on linguistic theories of humour including the Semantic Script Theory of Humour (SSTH; Raskin 1985), and the General Theory of Verbal Humour (GTVH; Attardo 1994, 2017b). The study demonstrates different types of cultural conceptualisations (Sharifian 2017a, 2017b) that the interlocutors draw upon, such as cultural categories, cultural metaphors, and cultural schemas to create humour, and we argue that the General Theory of Verbal Humour does not account for culturally-constructed verbal humour. Hence, we argue that it is necessary to fill this gap in the most prevailing theory of verbal humour, the General Theory of Verbal Humour, by demonstrating how cultural conceptualisations must be considered in identifying and analysing instantiations of humour, in moving towards a comprehensive theory of culturally constructed humour.