bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of large barrages on habitat of the Ganga River dolphin
Authors: Sonkar Gaurav Kailash , Gaurav Kumar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRiverine habitats are degrading at an alarming rate due to anthropogenic interventions. Construction of large dams and barrages on the Ganga River has severely fragmented the riverine habitat of dolphins. This study examines the impact of structural barriers on the habitat of the Ganga River dolphin (Platanista gangetica) in a reach between Bijnor and Narora barrage in the middle Ganga and at the Farakka barrage in the lower Ganga Plain. We use time‐series remote sensing images and flow discharge data to assess the morphological and ecological impact in the proximity of these barrages. Our result suggests that after the construction of Bijnor barrage in 1985, the total bar area of the Ganga River has reduced from 150 to 45 km2, but the channel width has remained unchanged during the period between 1980 and 2010. A time‐series analysis of the discharge shows a slightly declining trend after the year 1982. However, this observed trend is not adequate to explain the habitat degradation of the Ganga River dolphins. Further width of the Ganga River in the downstream of the Farakka barrage has reduced from 4 to 1 km, and the total bar area has increased from about 5 to 35 km2 during the period between 1965 and 1980. Also during this period, the pre‐monsoon discharge of the Ganga River has reduced by one‐third in the downstream of Farakka barrage. This study concludes that the loss of dolphins in the downstream reaches of the Farakka barrage could be associated with the change in hydraulic geometry, flow characteristics, and loss of longitudinal and lateral connectivity. Conversely, the impoundments of water upstream of the Narora barrage have maintained the suitable habitat conditions for the dolphins to thrive. This has resulted in a reported growth in the dolphin population during the years 1993–2010.
Highly Stretchable Hydrogel Using Vinyl Modified Narrow Dispersed Silica Particles as Cross‐Linker
Authors: Rezaul Karim Md. , Harun‐Ur‐Rashid Mohammad , Imran Abu Bin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHydrogel is advertently pertinent in numerous practical applications, but their breadth of use is often significantly restricted by their poor mechanical strength, including low toughness and reduced stretchability. A number of efforts to synthesize hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties have already been rendered. However, a simple and widely adopted strategy for producing hydrogel with desirable strength and biocompatibility has yet to be materialized. Here, we have reported a hydrogel with incredible stretchability and toughness by strengthening the polyacrylamide (PAAm) network structure utilizing narrowly dispersed silica particles (SiO2) as a cross‐linker. SiO2 particles, grafted with vinyl end groups comprising 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPTS), were used as a macro‐crosslinker (MSiO2) during the polymerization reaction of AAm to formulate hydrogel. The unique nature of synthesized hydrogel comprising both organic and inorganic compounds led to a rise in their wide‐spread applications as they have exceptional stretching and toughness of ∼59,400 Jm−2. Additionally, all synthesized hydrogels demonstrate high transparency in visible light wavelengths (above 75 %). The hydrogels exhibit significantly enhanced mechanical performance compared with the other ordinary type hydrogel prepared by conventional cross‐linker.
Cu2MoS4 Nanozyme with NIR‐II Light Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Efficient Eradication of Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Shan Jingyang , Yang Kaili , Xiu Weijun , Qiu Qiu , Dai Sulai , Yuwen Lihui , Weng Lixing , Teng Zhaogang , Wang Lianhui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNanozymes with unique enzyme‐like catalytic properties and versatile functionalities are particularly attractive for the treatment of bacterial infections, especially for combating drug‐resistant bacteria. However, inherently low catalytic activity significantly limits their antibacterial performance. Herein, a new near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) light responsive nanozyme (Cu2MoS4 nanoplates, CMS NPs) is developed for efficient eradication of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria. CMS NPs with intrinsic dual enzyme‐like property can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) by catalysis. Importantly, CMS NPs show NIR‐II light enhanced oxidase‐ and peroxidase‐like catalytic activities to improve ROS generation for highly efficient killing of bacteria. In vitro results demonstrate that CMS NPs (40 µg mL−1) achieve rapid killing of 8 log MDR Escherichia coli and 6 log MDR Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) under NIR‐II light irradiation (1064 nm, 1 W cm−2) in 10 min. Moreover, CMS NPs exhibit excellent therapeutic efficacy of MDR S. aureus infection in vivo as well as negligible toxicity to cells and animals, indicating their potential use as antibacterial agents. This work provides a novel antibacterial strategy by combining the catalytic generation of ROS and NIR‐II photothermal effect of nanozymes for efficient treatment of MDR bacteria‐related infections.
Multi-purpose Syntax Definition with SDF3
Authors: de Souza Amorim Luís Eduardo , Visser Eelco 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
SDF3 is a syntax definition formalism that extends plain context-free grammars with features such as constructor declarations, declarative disambiguation rules, character-level grammars, permissive syntax, layout constraints, formatting templates, placeholder syntax, and modular composition. These features support the multi-purpose interpretation of syntax definitions, including derivation of type schemas for abstract syntax tree representations, scannerless generalized parsing of the full class of context-free grammars, error recovery, layout-sensitive parsing, parenthesization and formatting, and syntactic completion. This paper gives a high level overview of SDF3 by means of examples and provides a guide to the literature for further details.
FRed: Conditional Model Checking via Reducers and Folders
Authors: Beyer Dirk , Jakobs Marie-Christine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
There are many hard verification problems that are currently only solvable by applying several verifiers that are based on complementing technologies. Conditional model checking (CMC) is a successful solution for cooperation between verification tools. In CMC, the first verifier outputs a condition describing the state space that it successfully verified. The second verifier uses the condition to focus its verification on the unverified state space. To use arbitrary second verifiers, we recently proposed a reducer-based approach. One can use the reducer-based approach to construct a conditional verifier from a reducer and a (non-conditional) verifier: the reducer translates the condition into a residual program that describes the unverified state space and the verifier can be any off-the-shelf verifier (that does not need to understand conditions). Until now, only one reducer was available. But for a systematic investigation of the reducer concept, we need several reducers. To fill this gap, we developed FRed, a Framework for exploring different REDucers. Given an existing reducer, FRed allows us to derive various new reducers, which differ in their trade-off between size and precision of the residual program. For our experiments, we derived seven different reducers. Our evaluation on the largest and most diverse public collection of verification problems shows that we need all seven reducers to solve hard verification tasks that were not solvable before with the considered verifiers.
Difference Verification with Conditions
Authors: Beyer Dirk , Jakobs Marie-Christine , Lemberger Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Modern software-verification tools need to support development processes that involve frequent changes. Existing approaches for incremental verification hard-code specific verification techniques. Some of the approaches must be tightly intertwined with the development process. To solve this open problem, we present the concept of difference verification with conditions. Difference verification with conditions is independent from any specific verification technique and can be integrated in software projects at any time. It first applies a change analysis that detects which parts of a software were changed between revisions and encodes that information in a condition. Based on this condition, an off-the-shelf verifier is used to verify only those parts of the software that are influenced by the changes. As a proof of concept, we propose a simple, syntax-based change analysis and use difference verification with conditions with three off-the-shelf verifiers. An extensive evaluation shows the competitiveness of difference verification with conditions.
Multiple phases in a generalized Gross-Witten-Wadia matrix model
Authors: Russo Jorge G. , Tierz Miguel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study a unitary matrix model of the Gross-Witten-Wadia type, extended with the addition of characteristic polynomial insertions. The model interpolates between solvable unitary matrix models and is the unitary counterpart of a deformed Cauchy ensemble. Exact formulas for the partition function and Wilson loops are given in terms of Toeplitz determinants and minors and largeNresults are obtained by using Szegö theorem with a Fisher-Hartwig singularity. In the largeN(planar) limit with two scaled couplings, the theory exhibits a surprisingly intricate phase structure in the two-dimensional parameter space.
Moduli spaces of non-geometric type II/heterotic dual pairs
Authors: Gautier Yoan , Israël Dan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study the moduli spaces of heterotic/type II dual pairs in four dimensions with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetry corresponding to non-geometric Calabi-Yau backgrounds on the type II side and to T-fold compactifications on the heterotic side. The vector multiplets moduli space receives perturbative corrections in the heterotic description only, and non- perturbative correction in both descriptions. We derive explicitely the perturbative corrections to the heterotic four-dimensional prepotential, using the knowledge of its singularity structure and of the heterotic perturbative duality group. We also derive the exact hypermultiplets moduli space, that receives corrections neither in the string coupling nor in α′.
Urinary metabolic signatures reflect cardiovascular risk in the young, middle-aged, and elderly populations
Authors: Martinez Paula J. , Agudiez Marta , Molero Dolores , Martin-Lorenzo Marta , Baldan-Martin Montserrat , Santiago-Hernandez Aranzazu , García-Segura Juan Manuel , Madruga Felipe , Cabrera Martha , Calvo Eva , Ruiz-Hurtado Gema , Barderas Maria G , Vivanco Fernando , Ruilope Luis M , Alvarez-Llamas Gloria 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The predictive value of traditional cardiovascular risk estimators is limited, and young and elderly populations are particularly underrepresented. We aimed to investigate the urine metabolome and its association with cardiovascular risk to identify novel markers that might complement current estimators based on age. Urine samples were collected from 234 subjects categorized into three age-grouped cohorts: 30–50 years (cohort I, young), 50–70 years (cohort II, middle-aged), and > 70 years (cohort III, elderly). Each cohort was further classified into three groups: (a) control, (b) individuals with cardiovascular risk factors, and (c) those who had a previous cardiovascular event. Novel urinary metabolites linked to cardiovascular risk were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance in cohort I and then evaluated by target mass spectrometry quantification in all cohorts. A previously identified metabolic fingerprint associated with atherosclerosis was also analyzed and its potential risk estimation investigated in the three aged cohorts. Three different metabolic signatures were identified according to age: 2-hydroxybutyrate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, hypoxanthine, guanidoacetate, oxaloacetate, and serine in young adults; citrate, cyclohexanol, glutamine, lysine, pantothenate, pipecolate, threonine, and tyramine shared by middle-aged and elderly adults; and trimethylamine N-oxide and glucuronate associated with cardiovascular risk in all three cohorts. The urinary metabolome contains a metabolic signature of cardiovascular risk that differs across age groups. These signatures might serve to complement existing algorithms and improve the accuracy of cardiovascular risk prediction for personalized prevention.

Key messages
• Cardiovascular risk in the young and elderly is underestimated.
• The urinary metabolome reflects cardiovascular risk across all age groups.
• Six metabolites constitute a metabolic signature of cardiovascular risk in young adults.
• Middle-aged and elderly adults share a cardiovascular risk metabolic signature.
• TMAO and glucuronate levels reflect cardiovascular risk across all age groups.
Thermal ageing of proteinaceous fouling layers during the growth phase
Authors: Schnöing Lukas , Augustin Wolfgang , Scholl Stephan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFouling in heat exchangers can complicate the characterisation and interpretation of thermal effects because of ageing phenomena that occur within the deposited fouling layer. The prevailing process temperatures between the liquid bulk and heat-transferring surfaces create a large thermal conductivity distribution according to the position of the layer within the deposit. During the growth phase, an interaction occurs between the fouling layer formation and ageing. Therefore, deposition and ageing should always be considered in combination to obtain a better understanding of fouling. This paper discusses an experimental method for determining temperature-dependent ageing, expressed as a change in thermal conductivity with time and along the cross section of the fouling layer. An experimental setup is presented that includes a newly developed flow channel and an experimental implementation of an ageing model. In the first experiments, proteinaceous fouling layers were generated from whey protein concentrate (WPC) with and without simulated milk ultrafiltrate (SMUF), applied for different durations to create different fouling layer thicknesses. The thermal conductivity increased more rapidly near the heat-transferring surface than for the entire fouling layer. These findings can be related to the temperatures within the sublayers.
Milling byproducts are an economically viable substrate for butanol production using clostridial ABE fermentation
Authors: Thieme Nils , Panitz Johanna C. , Held Claudia , Lewandowski Birgit , Schwarz Wolfgang H. , Liebl Wolfgang , Zverlov Vladimir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractButanol is a platform chemical that is utilized in a wide range of industrial products and is considered a suitable replacement or additive to liquid fuels. So far, it is mainly produced through petrochemical routes. Alternative production routes, for example through biorefinery, are under investigation but are currently not at a market competitive level. Possible alternatives, such as acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by solventogenic clostridia are not market-ready to this day either, because of their low butanol titer and the high costs of feedstocks. Here, we analyzed wheat middlings and wheat red dog, two wheat milling byproducts available in large quantities, as substrates for clostridial ABE fermentation. We could identify ten strains that exhibited good butanol yields on wheat red dog. Two of the best ABE producing strains, Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 and Clostridium diolis DSM 15410, were used to optimize a laboratory-scale fermentation process. In addition, enzymatic pretreatment of both milling byproducts significantly enhanced ABE production rates of the strains C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 and C. diolis DSM 15410. Finally, a profitability analysis was performed for small- to mid-scale ABE fermentation plants that utilize enzymatically pretreated wheat red dog as substrate. The estimations show that such a plant could be commercially successful.Key points• Wheat milling byproducts are suitable substrates for clostridial ABE fermentation.• Enzymatic pretreatment of wheat red dog and middlings increases ABE yield.• ABE fermentation plants using wheat red dog as substrate are economically viable.
Toxicity with small molecule and immunotherapy combinations in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Adderley H. , Blackhall F. H. , Lindsay C. R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTreatment stratification in stage IV NSCLC is guided by identification of oncogene driver mutations. Actionable mutations with current licenced therapeutic agents include epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), rearrangements of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS-1 and BRAF V600. Alongside progress with small molecule therapy, developments in immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) have transformed the landscape of stage III and stage IV NSCLC. The success of CPIs has led to evaluation with small molecule therapy in both concurrent and sequential settings. In this review we summarise recent results of combination CPIs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in stage IV NSCLC, detailing significant toxicity and its potential mechanisms with both concurrent and sequential approaches. As more therapeutic targets are being discovered it is becoming increasingly important for clinicians to correctly sequence therapy for delivery of safe and effective treatment. In addition to stage IV disease we suggest that comprehensive molecular profiling of key NSCLC drivers, particularly in stage III disease, will help to inform optimal treatment sequencing and minimise potential toxicity.
Acute consequences of a unilateral VIIIth nerve transection on vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes in Xenopus laevis tadpoles
Authors: Soupiadou Parthena , Gordy Clayton , Forsthofer Michael , Sanchez-Gonzalez Rosario , Straka Hans 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLoss of peripheral vestibular function provokes severe impairments of gaze and posture stabilization in humans and animals. However, relatively little is known about the extent of the instantaneous deficits. This is mostly due to the fact that in humans a spontaneous loss often goes unnoticed initially and targeted lesions in animals are performed under deep anesthesia, which prevents immediate evaluation of behavioral deficits. Here, we use isolated preparations of Xenopus laevis tadpoles with functionally intact vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and optokinetic reflexes (OKR) to evaluate the acute consequences of unilateral VIIIth nerve sections. Such in vitro preparations allow lesions to be performed in the absence of anesthetics with the advantage to instantly evaluate behavioral deficits. Eye movements, evoked by horizontal sinusoidal head/table rotation in darkness and in light, became reduced by 30% immediately after the lesion and were diminished by 50% at 1.5 h postlesion. In contrast, the sinusoidal horizontal OKR, evoked by large-field visual scene motion, remained unaltered instantaneously but was reduced by more than 50% from 1.5 h postlesion onwards. The further impairment of the VOR beyond the instantaneous effect, along with the delayed decrease of OKR performance, suggests that the immediate impact of the sensory loss is superseded by secondary consequences. These potentially involve homeostatic neuronal plasticity among shared VOR-OKR neuronal elements that are triggered by the ongoing asymmetric activity. Provided that this assumption is correct, a rehabilitative reduction of the vestibular asymmetry might restrict the extent of the secondary detrimental effect evoked by the principal peripheral impairment.
Cavernous transformation of the portal vein in pancreatic cancer surgery—venous bypass graft first
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Strobel Oliver , Schneider Martin , Diener Markus K. , Berchtold Christoph , Mihaljevic André L. , Mehrabi Arianeb , Müller-Stich Beat P. , Hackert Thilo , Büchler Markus W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
In recent years, several techniques have been introduced to allow safe oncologic resections of cancers of the pancreatic head. While resections of the mesenterico-portal axis became now a part of the routine treatment, patients with a cavernous transformation of the portal vein still pose a surgical challenge and are regularly deemed unresectable.

Objective
Here, we describe a technique of initial venous bypass graft placement between the superior mesenteric vein or its tributaries and the portal vein before the resection of the pancreatic head. This approach avoids uncontrollable bleeding as well as venous congestion of the intestine with a continuous hepatic perfusion and facilitates oncologic resection of pancreatic head cancers. This technique, in combination with previously published resection strategies, enables tumor resection in locally advanced pancreatic head cancers.

Conclusions
Venous bypass graft first operations facilitate and enable the resection of the pancreatic head cancers in patients with a cavernous transformation of the portal vein thus rendering these patients resectable.
Immunohistochemistry as a screening tool for NTRK gene fusions: results of a first Belgian ring trial
Authors: De Winne Koen , Sorber Laure , Lambin Suzan , Siozopoulou Vasiliki , Beniuga Gabriela , Dedeurwaerdere Franceska , D’Haene Nicky , Habran Lionel , Libbrecht Louis , Van Huysse Jacques , Weynand Birgit , Wouters Katrin , Pauwels Patrick , Zwaenepoel Karen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA Belgian ring trial for pan-TRK immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was organised to harmonise pan-TRK IHC staining protocols and interpretation. As a reference method, the VENTANA pan-TRK Assay (clone EPR17341) on the Benchmark Ultra platform was selected. Six samples were selected: 2 negative, 2 fusion positive and 2 samples with wild-type endogenous TRK expression. Each participating laboratory stained the slides using their routine pan-TRK IHC and reported their results. In addition, they were asked to return one TRK-stained slide from each case. The coordinating lab evaluated these slides, compared them with the reference method and scored them. Two clones were used during the ring trial: A7H6R (Cell Signaling) and EPR17341 (Abcam/Ventana). Seven protocols achieved a sufficient performance mark, and three labs were advised to further optimise the protocol. Interpretation of pan-TRK IHC proved to be challenging in cases with physiological TRK expression. In addition, depending on the NTRK fusion partner, the staining can vary strongly in both intensity and staining pattern. Labs using the Ventana ready-to-use system based on the EPR17341 clone and using the recommended protocol settings scored best. However, given some small optimisation, all labs scored well on the technical staining and the succeeding evaluation.