bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomes from miRNA‐126‐modified endothelial progenitor cells alleviate brain injury and promote functional recovery after stroke
Authors: Wang Jinju , Chen Shuzhen , Zhang Wenfeng , Chen Yanfang , Bihl Ji C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsWe previously showed that the protective effects of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)‐released exosomes (EPC‐EXs) on endothelium in diabetes. However, whether EPC‐EXs are protective in diabetic ischemic stroke is unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of EPC‐EXs on diabetic stroke mice and tested whether miR‐126 enriched EPC‐EXs (EPC‐EXsmiR126) have enhanced efficacy.MethodsThe db/db mice subjected to ischemic stroke were intravenously administrated with EPC‐EXs 2 hours after ischemic stroke. The infarct volume, cerebral microvascular density (MVD), cerebral blood flow (CBF), neurological function, angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and levels of cleaved caspase‐3, miR‐126, and VEGFR2 were measured on day 2 and 14.ResultsWe found that (a) injected EPC‐EXs merged with brain endothelial cells, neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the peri‐infarct area; (b) EPC‐EXsmiR126 were more effective than EPC‐EXs in decreasing infarct size and increasing CBF and MVD, and in promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis as well as neurological functional recovery; (c) These effects were accompanied with downregulated cleaved caspase‐3 on day 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) upregulation till day 14.ConclusionOur results indicate that enrichment of miR126 enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of EPC‐EXs on diabetic ischemic stroke by attenuating acute injury and promoting neurological function recovery.
Benefits of protected areas for nonbreeding waterbirds adjusting their distributions under climate warming
Authors: Gaget Elie , Pavón‐Jordán Diego , Johnston Alison , Lehikoinen Aleksi , Hochachka Wesley M. , Sandercock Brett K. , Soultan Alaaeldin , Azafzaf Hichem , Bendjedda Nadjiba , Bino Taulant , Božič Luka , Clausen Preben , Dakki Mohamed , Devos Koen , Domsa Cristi , Encarnação Vitor , Erciyas‐Yavuz Kiraz , Faragó Sándor , Frost Teresa , Gaudard Clemence , Gosztonyi Lívia , Haas Fredrik , Hornman Menno , Langendoen Tom , Ieronymidou Christina , Kostyushin Vasiliy A. , Lewis Lesley J. , Lorentsen Svein‐Håkon , Luigujõe Leho , Meissner Włodzimierz , Mikuska Tibor , Molina Blas , Musilová Zuzana , Natykanets Viktor , Paquet Jean‐Yves , Petkov Nicky , Portolou Danae , Ridzoň Jozef , Sayoud Samir , Šćiban Marko , Sniauksta Laimonas , Stīpniece Antra , Strebel Nicolas , Teufelbauer Norbert , Topić Goran , Uzunova Danka , Vizi Andrej , Wahl Johannes , Zenatello Marco , Brommer Jon E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClimate warming is driving changes in species distributions and community composition. Many species have a so‐called climatic debt, that is, shifts in range lag behind shifts in temperature isoclines. Inside protected areas (PAs), community changes in response to climate warming can be facilitated by greater colonization rates by warm‐dwelling species, but also mitigated by lowering extirpation rates of cold‐dwelling species. An evaluation of the relative importance of colonization‐extirpation processes is important to inform conservation strategies that aim for both climate debt reduction and species conservation. We assessed the colonization‐extirpation dynamics involved in community changes in response to climate inside and outside PAs. To do so, we used 25 years of occurrence data of nonbreeding waterbirds in the western Palearctic (97 species, 7071 sites, 39 countries, 1993–2017). We used a community temperature index (CTI) framework based on species thermal affinities to investigate species turnover induced by temperature increase. We determined whether thermal community adjustment was associated with colonization by warm‐dwelling species or extirpation of cold‐dwelling species by modeling change in standard deviation of the CTI (CTISD). Using linear mixed‐effects models, we investigated whether communities in PAs had lower climatic debt and different patterns of community change than communities outside PAs. For CTI and CTISD combined, communities inside PAs had more species, higher colonization, lower extirpation, and lower climatic debt (16%) than communities outside PAs. Thus, our results suggest that PAs facilitate 2 independent processes that shape community dynamics and maintain biodiversity. The community adjustment was, however, not sufficiently fast to keep pace with the large temperature increases in the central and northeastern western Palearctic. Our results underline the potential of combining CTI and CTISD metrics to improve understanding of the colonization‐extirpation patterns driven by climate warming.
The science behind programming algorithms for sacral neuromodulation
Authors: Knowles Charles H. , de Wachter Stefan , Engelberg Stefan , Lehur Paul , Matzel Klaus E. , Zirpel Lance ,   the European SNM Expert Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimSacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a widely adopted treatment for overactive bladder, non‐obstructive urinary retention and faecal incontinence. In the majority, it provides sustained clinical benefit. However, it is recognized that, even for these patients, stimulation parameters (such as amplitude, electrode configuration, frequency and pulse width) may vary at both initial device programming and at reprogramming, the latter often being required to optimize effectiveness. Although some recommendations exist for SNM programming, the scientific data to support them are understood by few clinicians.MethodsThis is a narrative review of the literature covering some of the science behind stimulating a mixed peripheral nerve and available preclinical data in the field of SNM. It covers electrode configuration, amplitude, frequency, pulse width and cycling considerations. The review is targeted at clinicians with an interest in the field and does not seek to provide exhaustive detail on basic neuroscience.Results and conclusionsKnowledge of the science of neuromodulation provides some guiding principles for programming but these are broad. These principles are not refuted by preclinical data but specific parameters in clinical use are not strongly supported by animal data, even after the limitations of small and large animal models are considered. The review presents a shortlist of programming principles on a theoretical basis but acknowledges that current practice is as much derived from evolved experience as science.
Impulse oscillometry and spirometry measurements relative to personal best values at the time of acute exacerbations of cystic fibrosis in adults
Authors: Blin Timothée , Flament Thomas , Mankikian Julie , Chambellan Arnaud , Marchand‐Adam Sylvain , Plantier Laurent 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis of acute exacerbation (AE) of cystic fibrosis (CF) must be precise because both under‐ and over‐prescription of antibiotics may be detrimental. How lung function tests contribute to diagnose AE is unclear. We aimed to describe variation of spirometry and oscillometry measurements, at Stable state and at AE in adults with CF.MethodsPatients were included in a retrospective single‐centre study when both spirometry (FEV1, FVC) and oscillometry (X5, R5, R5−R20 and AX) data were available for at least one Stable and one AE visit between December 2016 and July 2019. For each visit, we calculated variation (Δ) in spirometry and oscillometry indices in comparison with personal best values. Measurements were expressed as % of predicted values and Z‐scores when applicable. Areas under ROC curves (AUC) were computed.ResultsForty‐two patients (28 ± 9 years, FEV1 64 ± 21%) were included; 80 AE and 104 Stable visits were analysed. FEV1 (L, %pred and Z‐score) and FVC (%pred and Z‐score) varied significantly between AE and Stable visits (p < .05), although differences were small (80 ml/2.7%pred for FEV1). Among oscillometry indices, X5 (kPa.s.L−1), R5–R20 (kPa.s.L−1) and AX (kPa/L) varied significantly. The AUCs for the variation in spirometry indices ranged from 0.601 (ΔFVC L) to 0.635 (ΔFEV1%pred). They were not significantly different from the AUCs for ΔX5 (0.589), ΔR5−R20 (0.649) and ΔAX (0.598).ConclusionsPerformance of both spirometry and oscillometry to discriminate AE from Stable state was poor. Variation of oscillometry indices (X5, R5−R20, AX) may be helpful when spirometry is unreliable or uncomfortable.
Fibrin glue injection: Rescue treatment for refractory post‐sphincterotomy and post‐papillectomy bleedings
Authors: Orlandini Beatrice , Schepis Tommaso , Tringali Andrea , Familiari Pietro , Boškoski Ivo , Borrelli de Andreis Federica , Perri Vincenzo , Costamagna Guido 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesEndoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) and papillectomy (EP) are associated with a non‐negligible risk of post‐procedural bleeding. Despite first‐line endoscopic hemostasis being achieved by several methods, patients may experience bleeding persistence or recurrence. In such cases, fibrin glue (FG) injection may be used as a rescue therapy before more invasive approaches. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic FG injection to treat refractory post‐ES and post‐EP bleeding.MethodsData were collected retrospectively from patients with refractory immediate or delayed bleeding following ES or EP, between October 2007 and November 2019, at a single institution. Clinical success was defined as bleeding control after FG injection.ResultsOverall, 70 patients were included. Clinical success was reached in 64 (91.4%) patients after one session of FG injection. Of six (8.6%) patients in whom the treatment failed, one required subsequent insertion of a fully covered self‐expanding metal stent (FC‐SEMS) due to immediate massive bleeding, while five experienced bleeding recurrence. Such events were managed with an additional session of FG injection that failed in two cases. Therefore, one patient underwent FC‐SEMS plus selective embolization, whereas the other underwent diagnostic arteriography. No severe periprocedural complications occurred. Two cases of intrabiliary glue migration were treated by endoscopic removal with a retrieval basket.ConclusionsRescue therapy with endoscopic FG injection appears to be effective and safe to treat refractory post‐ES and post‐EP bleeding. Further studies are required to confirm these preliminary data.
Peri‐transplant glycaemic control as a predictor of pancreas transplant survival
Authors: Shapey Iestyn M. , Tan Zheng L. , Gioco Rossella , Khambalia Hussein , Fullwood Catherine , Yiannoullou Petros , Summers Angela , Hanley Neil A. , Augustine Titus , Rutter Martin K. , van Dellen David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsThe relationship between peri‐transplant glycaemic control and outcomes following pancreas transplantation is unknown. We aimed to relate peri‐transplant glycaemic control to pancreas graft survival and to develop a framework for defining early graft dysfunction.MethodsPeri‐transplant glycaemic control profiles over the first 5 days postoperatively were determined by an area under the curve [AUC; average daily glucose level (mmol/L) × time (days)] and the coefficient of variation of mean daily glucose levels. Peri‐transplant hyperglycaemia was defined as an AUC ≥35 mmol/day/L (daily mean blood glucose ≥7 mmol/L). Risks of graft failure associated with glycaemic control and variability and peri‐transplant hyperglycaemia were determined using covariate‐adjusted Cox regression.ResultsWe collected 7606 glucose readings over 5 days postoperatively from 123 pancreas transplant recipients. Glucose AUC was a significant predictor of graft failure during 3.6 years of follow‐up (unadjusted HR [95% confidence interval] 1.17 [1.06‐1.30], P = .002). Death censored non‐technical graft failure occurred in eight (10%) recipients with peri‐transplant normoglycaemia, and eight (25%) recipients with peri‐transplant hyperglycaemia such that hyperglycaemia predicted a 3‐fold higher risk of graft failure [HR (95% confidence interval): 3.0 (1.1‐8.0); P = .028].ConclusionPeri‐transplant hyperglycaemia is strongly associated with graft loss and could be a valuable tool guiding individualized graft monitoring and treatment. The 5‐day peri‐transplant glucose AUC provides a robust and responsive framework for comparing graft function.
Echocardiographic strain analysis reflects impaired ventricular function in youth with pediatric‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Chang Joyce C. , Wang Yan , Xiao Rui , Fedec Anysia , Meyers Kevin E. , Tinker Craig , Natarajan Shobha S. , Knight Andrea M. , Weiss Pamela F. , Mercer‐Rosa Laura 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundStrain analysis with speckle‐tracking echocardiography shows promise as a screening tool for silent myocardial dysfunction in pediatric‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE). We compared left ventricular (LV) systolic deformation (measured by strain) in children and adolescents with pSLE to controls, and assessed the relationship between strain, disease activity, and other noninvasive measures of cardiovascular health.MethodsTwenty pSLE subjects ages 9–21 underwent comprehensive cardiovascular testing, including 2D speckle‐tracking echocardiography, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), peripheral endothelial function testing, pulse wave velocity and analysis, and carotid ultrasound. Longitudinal apical‐4 chamber (LSA4C) and midpoint circumferential strain (CSmid) were compared to that of 70 healthy controls using multivariable linear regression. Among pSLE subjects, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate relationships between global longitudinal or circumferential strain and other measures of cardiovascular health.ResultsAverage SLE disease duration was 3.2 years (standard deviation [SD] 2.1). 2/20 pSLE subjects had persistent disease activity, and only one met criteria for hypertension by ABPM. LSA4C was significantly reduced in pSLE subjects compared to controls (mean −18.3 [SD 3.2] vs −21.8% [SD 2.2], P‐value <.001). There was no significant difference in CSmid (−24.8 [SD 3.7] vs −25.7% [SD 3.4], P = .29). Among pSLE subjects, decreased nocturnal blood pressure dipping on ABPM was associated with reduced global circumferential strain (r −0.59, P = .01).ConclusionsLongitudinal myocardial deformation is impaired in pSLE patients despite clinical remission and may represent early myocardial damage. Strain analysis should be considered in addition to standard echocardiographic assessment during follow‐up of patients with pSLE.
Volatiles from the fungus Fusarium oxysporum affect interactions of Brassica rapa plants with root herbivores
Authors: Moisan Kay , Dicke Marcel , Raaijmakers Jos M. , Rachmawati Elvira , Cordovez Viviane 
Published: October 2020

1. Soil is a diverse and heterogeneous environment where chemicals mediate numerous interactions between soil organisms and plants. To date, studies have extensively addressed volatile‐mediated interactions between soil microorganisms and the effects of microbial volatiles on plant growth. Yet, to our knowledge, it remains to be explored whether volatiles from soil‐borne fungi can influence plant interactions with root herbivores, facilitating or hampering performance of competitors that share the same host plant.2. In the present study, we investigated the effects of volatiles emitted by the soil‐borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum on the performance of two root herbivores: the plant parasitic cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, and the insect root herbivore, Delia radicum, upon infestation of Brassica rapa roots.3. Fungal volatiles slowed down the development of the root nematode cysts but increased their size, suggesting an enhanced egg load. In contrast, the performance of the insect root herbivore was unaffected by the exposure of roots to fungal volatiles. Additionally, fungal volatiles promoted the growth of plants infested with the root nematode, but not of those infested with the insect root herbivore.4. Together, our data show that volatiles from a soil‐borne fungus can affect root interactions with root herbivores. Increased production of nematode eggs and plant growth promotion suggest a specific modulation of root‐herbivore interactions by fungal volatiles.
SASP‐induced macrophage dysfunction may contribute to accelerated senescent fibroblast accumulation in the dermis
Authors: Ogata Yuichiro , Yamada Takaaki , Hasegawa Seiji , Sanada Ayumi , Iwata Yohei , Arima Masaru , Nakata Satoru , Sugiura Kazumitsu , Akamatsu Hirohiko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecently, increasing attention has been paid to senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a phenomenon that senescent cells secrete molecules such as inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), due to its noxious effects on the surrounding tissue. Senescent cells in the blood and liver are known to be properly depleted by macrophages. In the dermis, accumulation of senescent cells has been reported and is thought to be involved with skin ageing. In this study, to elucidate the clearance mechanism of senescent cells in the dermis, we focused on macrophage functions. Our co‐culture experiments of senescent fibroblasts and macrophages revealed a two‐step clearance mechanism: first, TNF‐α secreted from macrophages induces apoptosis in senescent fibroblasts, and then, dead cells are phagocytosed by macrophages. Furthermore, it was suggested that SASP factors suppress both of the two steps of the senescent cell clearance by macrophages. From these findings, normally senescent cells in the dermis are thought to be removed by macrophages, but when senescent cells are excessively accumulated owing to oxidative stress, ultraviolet (UV) ray or other reasons, SASP was suggested to suppress the macrophage‐dependent clearance functions and thereby cause further accumulation of senescent cells.
IL‐23 modulates histamine‐evoked itch and responses of pruriceptors in mice
Authors: Pavlenko Darya , Funahashi Hideki , Sakai Kent , Hashimoto Takashi , Lozada Taisa , Yosipovitch Gil , Akiyama Tasuku 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAccumulating evidence has highlighted the essential roles of cytokines in itch processing. Although IL‐23 and Th17 cytokines are elevated in inflammatory skin disorders, their role in itch is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of IL‐23 and IL‐17A in itch response using an in vitro calcium imaging of mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and an in vivo behaviour test. Calcium imaging studies revealed that a few DRG neurons (~5%) responded to either IL‐23 or IL‐17A. Pretreatment cells with IL‐23 significantly reduced calcium responses to histamine and capsaicin but not chloroquine. Behaviour experiments showed neither IL‐23 nor IL‐17A evoked scratching. IL‐23 significantly decreased histamine‐evoked scratching without affecting chloroquine‐evoked scratching. There was no difference in scratching between IL‐17A‐ and vehicle‐treated groups. These results indicate that IL‐23 might play a role in regulating histaminergic itch via modulation of TRPV1 activity.
Burden and Treatment Satisfaction among Caregivers of Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Jørgensen Mie Sedoc , Storebø Ole Jakob , Poulsen Stig , Simonsen Erik 
Published: October 2020

Despite the fact that family involvement is encouraged in early interventions for borderline personality disorder (BPD), there is a limited knowledge on the experience of caring for adolescents with BPD. This is an exploratory retrospective study nested within a randomized controlled trial that compared mentalization‐based treatment (MBT) in groups to treatment as usual for adolescents with BPD. Caregivers received six MBT‐Parents sessions or standard care over one year. Three months after end of treatment (EOT), 75 caregivers (35 in MBT, 40 in TAU) filled out the Burden Assessment Scale, and 71 (34 in MBT, 37 in TAU) the Family Satisfaction Survey. The adolescents filled out the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children at baseline and after twelve months at EOT. We tested whether caregiver demographics, adolescents’ severity of BPD, treatment and adolescents’ dropout from treatment predicted levels of caregiver burden and satisfaction with treatment. The caregivers reported high levels of burden on the BAS (M = 40.3, SD = 12.2). Our study suggests that higher BPD severity at EOT among the adolescents predicted caregiver burden (p = .03), whereas higher baseline BPD severity predicted satisfaction with treatment (p = .04) and that biological mothers could be more burdened than other types of caregivers but also might be more satisfied with treatment. Treatment and adolescents’ dropout from treatment were not related to caregiver burden or satisfaction with treatment. To help inform future research and to devise appropriate interventions for caregivers and adolescents with BPD, it is important to identify possible predictors of caregiver burden. The results of this initial exploratory study indicate that caregivers (and particularly biological mothers) of adolescents with more severe levels of BPD could be particularly vulnerable toward feelings of burden and therefore are in need of support.
Clinical Oral Disorders in Adults Screening Protocol (CODA‐SP) from the 2019 Vancouver IADR Consensus Symposium
Authors: MacEntee Michael I. , Brondani Mario , Avivi‐Arber Limor , Bartlett David , Donnelly Leeann , Duyck Joke , Hori Kazuhiro , Karve Avanti , Persson G. Rutger , Kettratad‐Pruksapong Matana , Schimmel Martin , Hon‐ching So Frankie , Thomson W. Murray , Yoon Minn N. , Wyatt Chris 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Clinical Oral Disorder in Elders (CODE) index was proposed in 1999 to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of older people who typically were edentate or had few natural teeth. Since then, more people are retaining natural teeth into old age and have oral disorders similar to younger adults. In addition, there has been further guidance on screening for disease that includes changes to the clinical indicators of several oral disorders and greater sensitivity to people's concerns about their oral health and care needs.MethodsExperts in dental geriatrics assembled at a satellite symposium of the International Association of Dental Research in June 2019 to revise the objectives and content of the CODE index. Before the symposium, 139 registrants were asked for comments on the CODE index, and 11 content experts summarised current evidence and assembled reference lists of relevant information on each indicator. The reference lists provided the base for a narrative review of relevant evidence supplemented by reference tracking and direct searches of selected literature for additional evidence.ResultsAnalysis of the evidence by consensus of the experts produced the Clinical Oral Disorders in Adults Screening Protocol (CODA‐SP).ConclusionsThe CODA‐SP encompasses multiple domains of physical and subjective indicators with weighted severity scores. Field tests are required now to validate its effectiveness and utility in oral healthcare services, outcomes and infrastructure.