bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrapopulation variation in lower limb trabecular architecture
Authors: Mulder Bram , Stock Jay T. , Saers Jaap P. P. , Inskip Sarah A. , Cessford Craig , Robb John E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesTrabecular structure is frequently used to differentiate between highly divergent mechanical environments. Less is known regarding the response of the structural properties to more subtle behavioral differences, as the range of intrapopulation variation in trabecular architecture is rarely studied. Examining the extent to which lower limb trabecular architecture varies when inferred mobility levels and environment are consistent between groups within a relatively homogenous population may aid in the contextualization of interpopulation differences, improve detectability of sexual dimorphism in trabecular structure, and improve our understanding of trabecular bone functional adaptation.Materials and methodsThe study sample was composed of adult individuals from three high/late medieval cemeteries from Cambridge (10th–16th c.), a hospital (n= 57), a parish cemetery (n= 44) and a friary (n= 14). Trabecular architecture was quantified in the epiphyses of the femur and tibia, using high resolution computed tomography.ResultsThe parish individuals had the lowest bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in most regions. Multiple sex differences were observed, but the patterns were not consistent across volumes of interest.DiscussionDifferences between the three groups highlight the great variability of trabecular bone architecture, even within a single sedentary population. This indicates that trabecular bone may be used in interpreting subtle behavioral differences, and suggests that multiple archaeological sites need to be studied to characterize structural variation on a population level. Variation in sex and group differences across anatomical locations further demonstrates the site‐specificity in trabecular bone functional adaptation, which might explain why little consistent sexual dimorphism has been reported previously.
Highly Reversible Cuprous Mediated Cathode Chemistry for Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Cheng Xiangyang , Zhang Zhonghua , Kong Qingyu , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Tao , Dong Shanmu , Gu Lin , Wang Xiao , Ma Jun , Han Pengxian , Lin Hong‐ji , Chen Chien‐Te , Cui Guanglei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSluggish kinetics and poor reversibility of cathode chemistry is the major challenge for magnesium batteries to achieve high volumetric capacity. Introduction of the cuprous ion (Cu+) as a charge carrier can decouple the magnesiation related energy storage from the cathode electrochemistry. Cu+ is generated from a fast equilibrium between copper selenide electrode and Mg electrolyte during standing time, rather than in the electrochemical process. A reversible chemical magnesiation/de‐magnesiation can be driven by this solid/liquid equilibrium. During a typical discharge process, Cu+ is reduced to Cu and drives the equilibrium to promote the magnesiation process. The reversible Cu to Cu+ redox promotes the recharge process. This novel Cu+ mediated cathode chemistry of Mg battery leads to a high reversible areal capacity of 12.5 mAh cm−2 with high mass loading (49.1 mg cm−2) of the electrode. 80 % capacity retention can be achieved for 200 cycles after a conditioning process.
Air‐Stable Oxyallyl Patterns and a Switchable N‐Heterocyclic Carbene
Authors: Tomás‐Mendivil Eder , Devillard Marc , Regnier Vianney , Pecaut Jacques , Martin David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOxyallyl derivatives are typically elusive compounds. Even recently reported “stabilized” 1,3‐diaminooxyallyl species are still highly reactive and have short lifetimes at room temperature. Herein, we report the synthesis and preliminary study of mesoionic pyrimidine derivatives that feature 1,3‐bis(dimethylamino)oxyallyl patterns with an unprecedented level of stabilization. The latter are not only insensitive towards air and moisture, but they are also compatible with the formation of an ancillary stable N‐heterocyclic carbene moiety. As the oxyallyl pattern is proton‐responsive, it allows the reversible switching of the electronic properties of the carbene, as a ligand.
Membrane Proteins Have Distinct Fast Internal Motion and Residual Conformational Entropy
Authors: O'Brien Evan S. , Fuglestad Brian , Lessen Henry J. , Stetz Matthew A. , Lin Danny W. , Marques Bryan S. , Gupta Kushol , Fleming Karen G. , Wand A. Joshua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe internal motions of integral membrane proteins have largely eluded comprehensive experimental characterization. Here the fast side‐chain dynamics of the α‐helical sensory rhodopsin II and the β‐barrel outer membrane protein W have been investigated in lipid bilayers and detergent micelles by solution NMR relaxation techniques. Despite their differing topologies, both proteins have a similar distribution of methyl‐bearing side‐chain motion that is largely independent of membrane mimetic. The methyl‐bearing side chains of both proteins are, on average, more dynamic in the ps–ns timescale than any soluble protein characterized to date. Accordingly, both proteins retain an extraordinary residual conformational entropy in the folded state, which provides a counterbalance to the absence of the hydrophobic effect. Furthermore, the high conformational entropy could greatly influence the thermodynamics underlying membrane‐protein functions, including ligand binding, allostery, and signaling.
Complex Polypropionates from a South China Sea Photosynthetic Mollusk: Isolation and Biomimetic Synthesis Highlighting Novel Rearrangements
Authors: Wu Qihao , Li Song‐Wei , Xu Heng , Wang Hong , Hu Pei , Zhang Hao , Luo Cheng , Chen Kai‐Xian , Nay Bastien , Guo Yue‐Wei , Li Xu‐Wen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPlacobranchus ocellatus is well known to produce diverse and complex γ‐pyrone polypropionates. In this study, the chemical investigation of P. ocellatus from the South China Sea led to the discovery and identification of ocellatusones A–D, a series of racemic non‐γ‐pyrone polyketides with novel skeletons, characterized by a bicyclo[3.2.1]octane (1, 2), a bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (3) or a mesitylene‐substituted dimethylfuran‐3(2H)‐one core (4). Extensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical computation, chemical synthesis, and/or X‐ray diffraction analysis were used to determine the structure and absolute configuration of the new compounds, including each enantiomer of racemic compounds 1–4 after chiral HPLC resolution. An array of new and diversity‐generating rearrangements is proposed to explain the biosynthesis of these unusual compounds based on careful structural analysis and comparison with six known co‐occurring γ‐pyrones (5–10). Furthermore, the successful biomimetic semisynthesis of ocellatusone A (1) confirmed the proposed rearrangement through an unprecedented acid induced cascade reaction.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Atropisomeric Aryl‐p‐Quinones: Platform Molecules for Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Biaryldiols
Authors: Chen Ye‐Hui , Li Heng‐Hui , Zhang Xiao , Xiang Shao‐Hua , Li Shaoyu , Tan Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPresented here is a class of novel axially chiral aryl‐p‐quinones as platform molecules for the preparation of non‐C2symmetric biaryldiols. Two sets of aryl‐p‐quinone frameworks were synthesized with remarkable enantiocontrol by means of chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed enantioselective arylation ofp‐quinones by central‐to‐axial chirality conversion. These aryl‐p‐quinones were then used to access a wide spectrum of highly functionalized non‐C2symmetric biaryldiols with excellent retention of the enantiopurity.
Tunable Bidirectional Electroosmotic Flow for Diffusion‐Based Separations
Authors: Bacheva Vesna , Paratore Federico , Rubin Shimon , Kaigala Govind V. , Bercovici Moran 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present a new concept for on‐chip separation that leverages bidirectional flow, to tune the dispersion regime of molecules and particles. The system can be configured so that low diffusivity species experience a ballistic transport regime and are advected through the chamber, whereas high diffusivity species experience a diffusion dominated regime with zero average velocity and are retained in the chamber. We detail the means of achieving bidirectional electroosmotic flow using an array of alternating current (AC) field‐effect electrodes, experimentally demonstrate the separation of particles and antibodies from dyes, and present a theoretical analysis of the system, providing engineering guidelines for its design and operation.
Barrier properties of thermal and electrical conductive hydrophobic multigraphitic/epoxy coatings
Authors: Campo Mónica , Redondo Osiris , Prolongo Silvia G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEpoxy composites doped with different content of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and/or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been manufactured. Their chemical, thermal, electrical, and mechanical behaviors have been studied, evaluating also their performance as coatings of glass fiber composite substrates. It is confirmed that the graphitic nanofillers present different efficiency as nanofillers as a function of their geometry. CNTs are much higher efficient electrical nanofillers than graphene, but an important synergetic effect is determined in the electrical conductivity of hybrid GNP/CNT/epoxy composites. In contrast, the thermal conductivity scarcely depends on the geometry of graphitic nanofillers but on the graphitic nanofiller content. Adding up to 12 wt% GNP and 1 wt% CNT, the thermal conductivity of the epoxy resin can be increased more than 300%. GNP presents high efficiency to increase the barrier properties, reducing the water absorption up to 30%. The stiffness of nanocomposites proportionally increases with graphitic addition, up to 50%, regard to the modulus of the neat epoxy resin. The adherence of coatings over glass fiber composite substrates increases by nanofiller addition due to the nanomechanical anchoring. However, the water uptake induces a higher weakening on nanodoped composites due to the preferential water absorption by the interface.
Fluctuations in glucose availability prevent global proteome changes and physiological transition during prolonged chemostat cultivations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wright Naia R. , Wulff Tune , Palmqvist Eva A. , Jørgensen Thomas R. , Workman Christopher T. , Sonnenschein Nikolaus , Rønnest Nanna P. , Herrgård Markus J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChemostat cultivation mode imposes selective pressure on the cells, which may result in slow adaptation in the physiological state over time. We applied a two‐compartment scale‐down chemostat system imposing feast–famine conditions to characterize the long‐term (100 s of hours) response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to fluctuating glucose availability. A wild‐type strain and a recombinant strain, expressing an insulin precursor, were cultured in the scale‐down system, and analyzed at the physiological and proteomic level. Phenotypes of both strains were compared with those observed in a well‐mixed chemostat. Our results show that S. cerevisiae subjected to long‐term chemostat conditions undergoes a global reproducible shift in its cellular state and that this transition occurs faster and is larger in magnitude for the recombinant strain including a significant decrease in the expression of the insulin product. We find that the transition can be completely avoided in the presence of fluctuations in glucose availability as the strains subjected to feast–famine conditions under otherwise constant culture conditions exhibited constant levels of the measured proteome for over 250 hr. We hypothesize possible mechanisms responsible for the observed phenotypes and suggest experiments that could be used to test these mechanisms.
Stent as a bridge to surgery or immediate colectomy for malignant right colonic obstruction: propensity-scored, national database study
Authors: Sakamoto T , Fujiogi M , Lefor A K , Matsui H , Fushimi K , Yasunaga H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to compare perioperative outcomes of urgent colectomy and placement of a self-expanding metallic stent followed by colectomy for patients with malignant right colonic obstruction. Right-sided malignant obstruction is less common than left-sided. Stenting for malignant left colonic obstruction has been reported to reduce postoperative complications. However, the impact of stenting for malignant right colonic obstruction remains undefined.

Methods
The study included patients with right-sided malignant obstruction or stenosis undergoing colectomy between April 2012 and March 2017 identified from a nationwide database. Propensity score matching analysis was used to compare mortality and morbidity rates, proportion receiving a stoma and postoperative stay between urgent colectomy and stent groups.

Results
From 9572 patients, 1500 pairs were generated by propensity score matching. There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between the urgent colostomy and stent groups (1·6 versus 0·9 per cent respectively; P = 0·069). Complications were more common after urgent colectomy than stenting (22·1 versus 19·1 per cent; P = 0·042). Surgical-site infection was more likely with urgent colectomy (7·1 versus 4·4 per cent; P = 0·001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in anastomotic leakage (3·8 versus 2·6 per cent; P = 0·062). The proportion of patients needing a stoma was higher with urgent colectomy than primary treatment with stents (5·1 versus 1·7 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). Postoperative stay was longer after urgent colectomy (15 versus 13 days; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Stenting followed by colectomy in patients with malignant right colonic obstruction may provide more favourable perioperative outcomes than urgent colectomy.
A low‐cost, in silico nutritional genomics course‐based undergraduate research experience applicable to multiple disciplines
Authors: Good Deborah J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article describes the development and assessment of a Nutritional Genomics course, designed to be held in a regular classroom during normal class periods, with few extra costs to the students or the department. The course was run as an upper‐level undergraduate and lower‐level graduate student course. Student taking the course spent 11 weeks learning and then 4 weeks using various in silico methods to independently characterize genes of interest in the field. During the last 4 weeks of the course, students combined their methods to test a hypothesis they generated about a gene they have not yet studied and completed a final report in the form of a journal article. Two students have published or are in the process of publishing work from their final project. Validated surveys of genetic knowledge given at least 6 months following the course indicated a very high level of genetic knowledge retainment, and favorable attitudes toward genetics testing and medical use of genetics. Finally, self‐perceived critical thinking skills were high, and students indicated that they perceived these skills to be gained by their participation in the course. Materials and syllabus provided in the manuscript makes this CURE easily transferrable to other disciplines.
Long noncoding RNA MEG3 decreases the growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the expression of miR‐421 and E‐cadherin
Authors: Ji Yefeng , Feng Guanying , Hou Yunwen , Yu Yang , Wang Ruixia , Yuan Hua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaternally expressed 3 (MEG3), a long chain noncoding RNA (lncRNA), has verified its function as a suppressor in several kinds of cancers. However, the downstream mechanism of MEG3 in regulating the molecular mechanism of epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation (EMT) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) progression demands further investigation.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to determine the expression level of MEG3 in HNSCC and adjacent normal tissues of 51 cases. Luciferase report assay was used to detect the correlation between miR‐421 and MEG3, and miR‐421 and E‐cadherin in HNSCC cell lines. Cell invasion and proliferation capacity were assessed through transwell and CCK8 assays. Scratch wound assay was used to assess cell migration capacity.ResultsFirstly, this study demonstrated that the expression of MEG3 was significantly downregulated in HNSCC compared to adjacent normal tissues. Overexpressed MEG3 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Secondly, MEG3 upregulated the expression of E‐cadherin, which was instead downregulated by miR‐421. MiR‐421 was negatively regulated by MEG3 in HNSCC. Therefore, MEG3 regulated EMT by sponging miR‐421 targeting E‐cadherin in HNSCC.ConclusionsThis study indicated that the MEG3‐miR‐421‐E‐cadherin axis could be a new therapeutic target for HNSCC.
Friedel–Crafts Type Methylation with Dimethylhalonium Salts
Authors: Hämmerling Sebastian , Voßnacker Patrick , Steinhauer Simon , Beckers Helmut , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe dimethylchloronium salt [Me2Cl][Al(OTeF5)4] is used to methylate electron‐deficient aromatic systems in Friedel–Crafts type reactions as shown by the synthesis of N‐methylated cations, such as [MeNC5F5]+, [MeNC5F4I]+, and [MeN3C3F3]+. To gain a better understanding of such fundamental Friedel–Crafts reactions, the role of the dimethylchloronium cation has been evaluated by quantum‐chemical calculations.
Footwear and insole design features for offloading the diabetic at risk foot—A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Collings Richard , Freeman Jennifer , Latour Jos M. , Paton Joanne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to identify the best footwear and insole design features for offloading the plantar surface of the foot to prevent foot ulceration in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. We searched multiple databases for published and unpublished studies reporting offloading footwear and insoles for people with diabetic neuropathy and nonulcerated feet. Primary outcome was foot ulcer incidence; other outcome measures considered were any standardized kinetic or kinematic measure indicating loading or offloading the plantar foot. Fifty‐four studies, including randomized controlled studies, cohort studies, case‐series, and a case‐controlled and cross‐sectional study were included. Three meta‐analyses were conducted and random‐effects modelling found peak plantar pressure reduction of arch profile (37 kPa (MD, −37.5; 95% CI, −72.29 to −3.61; P < .03), metatarsal addition (35.96 kPa (MD, −35.96; 95% CI, −57.33 to −14.60; P < .001) and pressure informed design 75.4 kPa (MD, −75.4 kPa; 95% CI, −127.4 to −23.44 kPa; P < .004).The remaining data were presented in a narrative form due to heterogeneity. This review highlights the difficulty in differentiating the effect of different insole and footwear features in offloading the neuropathic diabetic foot. However, arch profiles, metatarsal additions and apertures are effective in reducing plantar pressure. The use of pressure analysis to enhance the effectiveness of the design of footwear and insoles, particularly through modification, is recommended.
Reproducible Visualization of Raw Fisheries Data for 113 Species Improves Transparency, Assessment Efficiency, and Monitoring
Authors: Anderson Sean C , Keppel Elise A , Edwards Andrew M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Modern survey and fishery observation programs generate vast quantities of data. However, regulatory agencies often lack the capacity to translate those data into effective monitoring information. Here, we describe an approach of automated visualization of raw fisheries data and demonstrate it with a report on 113 groundfish species in Pacific Canadian waters. Our implementation consists of two pages per species that show standardized visualizations of temporal trends and spatial distributions of commercial catches and survey indices, along with analyses of age, size, maturity, and growth. The approach facilitates discussions on stock assessment and survey prioritization, increases transparency about data holdings, and makes data available for regular review by interested parties. We encourage other agencies to consider similar approaches for their own data.
Aggressive morphologic variants of mantle cell lymphoma characterized with high genomic instability showing frequent chromothripsis, CDKN2A/B loss, and TP53 mutations: A multi‐institutional study
Authors: Streich Lukas , Sukhanova Madina , Lu Xinyan , Chen Yi‐Hua , Venkataraman Girish , Mathews Stephanie , Zhang Shanxiang , Kelemen Katalin , Segal Jeremy , Gao Juehua , Gordon Leo , Chen Qing , Behdad Amir 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAggressive morphologic variants of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), including blastoid and pleomorphic (B/P‐MCL), are rare and associated with poor clinical outcomes. The genomic landscape of these variants remains incompletely explored. In this multi‐institutional study, we describe recurrent mutations and novel genomic copy number alterations (CNAs) in B/P‐MCL, using next generation sequencing and SNP‐array. Chromothripsis, a recently described phenomenon of massive chromosomal rearrangements, was identified in eight of 13 (62%) B/P MCL cases, and a high degree of genomic complexity with frequent copy number gains and losses was also seen. In contrast, a comparative cohort of nine cases of conventional MCL (C‐MCL) showed no chromothripsis and less complexity. Twelve of 13 (92%) B/P‐MCL cases showed loss of CDKN2A/B (6 biallelic and 6 monoallelic losses); while only one C‐MCL showed monoallelic CDKN2A/B loss. In B/P‐MCL, TP53 was the most commonly mutated gene, with mutations present in eight cases (62%), six of which showed concurrent loss of chromosome 17p. Of the eight cases with chromothripsis, six (85%) harbored TP53 mutations. Other recurrent mutations in B/P‐MCL included ATM (7, 53%), CCND1 (5, 38%), NOTCH1 (2, 18%), NOTCH2, and BIRC3 (each in 3, 23%). Here, we describe high genomic instability associated with chromothripsis and a high frequency of CDKN2A/B and TP53 alterations in the aggressive variants of MCL. The nonrandom chromothripsis events observed in B/P‐MCL may be an indicator of clinically aggressive MCL. In addition, frequent CDKN2A deletion and high genomic instability may provide potential targets for alternative treatment.
Effect of inclined and low magnetic field in gaseous slip flow in two‐dimensional rectangular microchannel using first‐order boundary conditions
Authors: Kharouf Duaa M. , Al‐Khasawneh Khaleel , Tarawneh Mohammad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the present work, the effect of an oriented low magnetic field on near‐continuum gaseous slip flow inside a two‐dimensional rectangular microchannel has been studied using first‐order boundary conditions. The flow was assumed to be compressible, laminar, and steady. The governing equations were solved analytically to obtain the solutions of velocity, temperature, and the pressure of the flow. The influence of different parameters such as Knudsen number, aspect ratio, Hartmann number, and pressure ratio were studied and analyzed. It was found that the electric and magnetic field with an inclined angle had significant effects on the flow properties. The results showed that the velocity increases and the temperature decreases as the inclination angle of the magnetic field decreases. The velocity increases as the Knudsen number, pressure ratio, and aspect ratio increase, while it decreases with increasing of the Hartmann number. The temperature decreases with increasing of the Knudsen number, pressure ratio, and aspect ratio, while the temperature increases as the Hartmann number increases. The results of the present study were validated with published results in the literature.