bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional Seismic Characteristics of Chemical Explosions on the Eastern Margin of the Junggar Basin, Northwest China, and of Historical Semipalatinsk Nuclear Tests
Authors: Ma Xiao , Zhao Lian-Feng , Xie Xiao-Bi , He Xi , Yao Zhen-Xing 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe applicability of the empirical magnitude–yield relations developed for northeast China and Korean Peninsula explosions was investigated for data from northwest China. We collected regional broadband digital seismic data from 13 chemical explosions (CEx) detonated between 6 September and 10 October 2018, on the eastern margin of the Junggar basin, northwest China, five nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, and eight natural earthquakes. Both Lg and Rayleigh-wave magnitudes (mb(Lg) and Ms, respectively) were estimated for these events. Similar to the North Korean test site, the mb(Lg)–Ms discriminant did not properly distinguish explosions from natural earthquakes at the Semipalatinsk test site. However, network-averaged P/S spectral ratios (Pg/Lg, Pn/Lg, and Pn/Sn) did successfully discriminate explosions from earthquakes at both the North Korean and the Semipalatinsk test sites at frequencies above 2.0 Hz. Based on 13 known-yield CEx, we selected an empirical magnitude–yield relation to constrain the explosive yields of five historical nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk test site. The resulting yields are lower than those previously obtained from teleseismic observations.
Ética en la universidad: una experiencia formativa a partir de la serie Merlí
Authors: Cambra-Badii Irene 
Published: October 2020

Propósito/Contexto. Este artículo tiene como propósito indagar sobre la enseñanza universitaria de la ética, en ciencias de la salud, a través de una serie televisiva. Las experiencias formativas en esta área suelen enfocarse en la práctica profesional futura a través de casos clínicos breves, dejando relegado el ámbito educativo.
Metodología/Enfoque. La metodología utilizada es mixta. Se toma como antecedente la herramienta REST para la evaluación de la sensibilidad ética a partir de la detección de elementos dilemáticos en un audiovisual y se realiza una experiencia de innovación docente con un fragmento de la serie Merlí donde se relata un caso de deshonestidad académica. Los estudiantes debían delimitar las situaciones dilemáticas del fragmento y articularlas con el código de ética universitario. El estudio incluye elementos cuantitativos de la detección de situaciones y principios éticos, y elementos cualitativos de análisis de contenido.
Resultados/Hallazgos. Los resultados son, por un lado, la identificación de todas las situaciones del fragmento, focalizándose en mayor medida en aquellas que tienen como protagonistas a los docentes y, además, en las que implican una transgresión explícita de las normas. Los estudiantes pueden identificar situaciones dilemáticas pero les resulta más complejo vincularlas a los principios éticos.
Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. La contribución principal del artículo es la advertencia sobre la relevancia de la aplicación y la reflexión sobre la ética en el ámbito universitario, a la vez que se destaca la utilidad del cine y las series televisivas en experiencias de innovación pedagógica en ética y bioética.
Surface morphology, magnetic resonance and antistatic properties of fabric with carbon coating, modified by metal clusters
Authors: Anisovich A. G. , Akula I. P. , Laskovnev A. P. , Markevich M. I. , Chekan N. M. 
Published: October 2020

The morphology of the surface, the magnetic resonance and antistatic properties of the 07C11-KV blended fabric manufactured by Mogotex LLC with a carbon coating doped with metal clusters are studied.The coating was applied by pulsed cathodic-arc deposition in vacuum of 3.5 · 10–3 Pa. It is established that during the coatinga droplet phase is formed. The size of the drops reaches 20 – 25 microns. The result of measuring the surface resistivity on fabric 1 side / 2 side is 3.2 · 107 and 1.9 · 107 Om, respectively. On the EPR spectrum are recorded two lines. The first line is a broad spectral line with an effective g-factor of 2.27 ± 0.01 and a width of 94.4 mT. The second line is narrow spectral line with an effective g-factor of 2.04 ± 0.01 and a width of 4.3 mT. This is corresponds to carbon coating clusters.From the ratio of the signal intensities of the filled resonator and the calibration sample, it follows that the non-resonant absorption of the microwave electromagnetic field in the system is slightly attenuated.
Plasma coatings made of mechanically synthesized composite powders based on the «iron-aluminum» system
Authors: Lovshenko F. G. , Fedosenko A. S. 
Published: October 2020

Theregularitiesof the formation of plasma coatings obtained from powders based on the Fe-Al system synthesized by the reaction mechanical alloying method are established. The influence of the processing modes of the compositions in the mechanoreactor on the properties of coatings is revealed. An effective method for controlling the porosity of coatings from developed powders based on a change in the power consumed by the installation is proposed.Plasma coatings have a nonequilibrium phase composition, which, in contrast to the equilibrium one, contains a wide range of metal oxides of the base and alloying elements formed during the spraying. The coating retains submicra – microcrystalline type of structure of powders with a highly developed grain and subgrain boundary. The basis of the coating is intermetallic FeAl. The role of hardening phases is played by ultrafine compounds of intermetallics and oxides.Powder annealing has a significant effect on the structure and properties of coatings and, first of all, on layers from compositions with complex alloying with oxides. Heat treatment increases the density and hardness of coatings and reduces porosity. The study of coating samples after high temperature indicates high heat resistance and the preservation of the microcrystalline type of structure of their bases.
Artifacts in metallography: dust.
Authors: Anisovich A. G. 
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the identification of dust particles on the surface of metallographic samples. It is noted that the volume of literature on metallographic artifacts is very small one. This is due to the fact that the Russian – language literature of the metallographic direction was wtitten long ago when the structure was fixed using the photographic method on photographic plates or film. The complexity of the process and the lack of photographic materials excluded the generation of information about metallographic artifacts.Modern metallographic complexes capture structure images digitally. Therefore, in addition to images of the structure, it is possible to record sample preparation artifacts without restrictions. Dust particles on the surface of metallographic sections and their difference from non-metallic inclusions are illustrated. The use of dark-field illumination and polarized light to identify artifacts is considered. Some effects arising from metallographic etching are illustrated.
High-temperature aluminum composite materials with special physical and mechanical properties produced by mechanical alloying
Authors: Lovshenco F. G. , Lozikov I. A. , Khabibulin A. I. 
Published: October 2020

High-temperature aluminum composite materials with special physical and mechanical properties produced by mechanical alloying. The study is aimed at making high-temperature aluminum composite materials with special physical and mechanical properties. An effective way to solve the problem is to use a technology based on reactive mechanical alloying. The processes of phase composition formation, the structure and properties that occur at all stages of the technology implementation and the effect of alloying components on these processes have been analyzed, and the composition «aluminum (PA4) – surfactant (С17Н35СООН – 0.7 %)» has been found to be the most appropriate. The microcrystalline structure of its base, regardless of the composition of constituent materials, is preserved at subsequent stages of production of materials and determines high values of high-temperature strength, which are significantly higher than those of analogue materials. The microcrystalline structure of the base is characterized by a well-developed surface of grain and subgrain boundaries and is stabilized by nanosized inclusions of aluminum oxides and carbides formed during mechanical alloying. Additional alloying, which provides special properties, does not change the «structural phase» type of the developed materials. They are considered to be dispersion hardened composite microcrystalline materials.
Developing Students' Social Skills and Career Preparedness within Petroleum Engineering Seminar Class at Satbayev University, Kazakhstan
Authors: Nussipkozhayev Aibol , Syzdykov Murat , Jamankulov Arman , Haynes Byron 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Many Kazakhstani oil and gas companies, especially the Western majors, such as Chevron, Eni, and Shell have indicated a serious gap in poor social skills and a lack of career preparedness among the local university graduates. Satbayev University has addressed this eminent problem by introducing and designing a new Petroleum Engineering (PE) Seminar class in the undergraduate curriculum. This paper presents not only the overall framework and results, but also lessons learned to apply these educational technologies across the region. The PE Seminar class is distinct from other traditional class settings since it has included practical sessions on developing students' communication and public speaking, teamwork, resume, and cover letter writing skills, building professional network early in their careers. In order to prepare students for job interviews, class instructors directed students through mock job interviews, in a few cases these interviews were conducted by the invited HR professionals. Overall, the class evenly balanced core technical writing and oral skills. Since the class is being conducted in two spans in 2018 and 2019 years, the results are comprehensive and demonstrate the significant improvement on the students' perspective. Petroleum engineering faculty and, more importantly, industry professionals have assessed class outcomes during informal meetings. For example, in TED Talk-format presentation sessions, faculty members could evaluate students' problem-solving and public speaking skills. Prior to the sessions, students were grouped and given specific topics in the oil and gas industry. It was their main task to come up with original solutions, investigate and present study results. Moreover, the industry representatives and HR trainers have organized mock interviews and technical writing courses, and the latter has tremendously helped students in writing their undergraduate diploma projects. A class survey and students' direct feedback have confirmed promising accomplishments but also indicated a room for further improvement. It is implied the more industry is involved, the more students become motivated, educated and skilled for the future workforce demand. This article supplements the current petroleum engineering literature by providing the first successful case of implementing the seminar class in the Russia and Caspian region. It further emphasizes the necessity of career preparedness and soft skills development in the university settings with clear goals, components, and resources aligned with the industry requirements.
Well Planning and Operational Practices to Decrease Differential Sticking Risk in Tengiz Field, Kazakhstan
Authors: Tussupbayev Ilyas , Tlepbergenov Nurbolat , Jung Kyle Jonathan , Issayeva Inzhu , Sargunanov Marat , Manakhayev Ruslan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Drilling in a mature reservoir can involve multiple added risks over time including reservoir depletion that may cause serious drilling problems and significant cost increase. Effective management of these problems during well planning stage and during execution is crucial to prevent issues with drill pipe, casing and logging tools that are at a higher risk for differential sticking,
Differential sticking has the potential to become a significant issue for drilling operations because of the wide variation in pressure in different parts of the Tengiz reservoir. The degree of depletion depends on the variability of the reservoir, which itself is dependent on the properties of the different geological facies. Reservoir hole section can have different pressure regimes, which require higher mud weight and thus high potential for differential sticking problems. Consequently, as the Tengiz reservoir pressures depletes, the risk of differentially stuck pipe, casing or logging tool increases. During current drilling campaign there were three wells that experienced major issues caused by differential sticking and lead to significant cost associated with sidetrack operations and lost in hole charges.
Pore pressure predictions and proposed well trajectory are some of the most important factors for prediction of differential sticking issues. For predictions during well planning "differential factor" was defined, which incorporates well angle and reservoir pressure. As a result, it helps to understand if differential sticking risk is high and use preventative measures if needed to reduce it. Guidelines were developed to help to mitigate potential problems while drilling across differentially pressured zones and include identification of signs of sticking, bottom hole assembly design considerations, preventative mud treatments and reactive measures to optimize ability to drill wells and reduce non-productive time associated with differential sticking. After implementation of above mentioned measures there were only two minor differential sticking events observed.
Use of Logging While Drilling Equipment in Washdown Mode under Managed Pressure Drilling Conditions in Tengiz
Authors: Manakhayev Ruslan , Tussupbayev Ilyas , Sargunanov Marat , Kalzhekov Nurymbet , Kulov Galym , Tlepbergenov Nurbolat 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Open hole logging is challenging in Tengiz reservoir where lost circulation events and abundance of natural fractures lead to wireline tool conveyance issues. In order to address conveyance issues, several alternative methods were reviewed and logging while drilling in washdown mode was selected as the most appropriate technique for given conditions.
Alternative solutions such as hole finders, pipe conveyed logging, through bit logging were rejected due to inability to provide required results within the specified time constraints or due to well control risks. Conventional logging while drilling method was declared not feasible due to excessive shocks and vibration under managed pressure drilling technique that is currently being used in Tengiz for drilling through fractured reservoir with significant fluid losses. Therefore, logging while drilling equipment, together with the newly developed procedures on preparing hole conditions, pumping rates and logging speeds were utilized to log reservoir section in washdown mode.
Prior to commencing of logging in a fractured zone with significant losses, extensive trial was conducted on two stable wells to develop and refine logging procedures. In order to assure quality log data acquisition, full suite of wireline open hole logs was also acquired from these two wells. Further comparison and calibration of logging while drilling data vs. wireline log data allowed to achieve required accuracy and repeatability. Procedures developed on stable wells then applied to wells with significant losses considering specific pump rates to achieve constant stream of log data to surface. It is critical for Tengiz operations to establish and maintain continuous log telemetry and stream data in real time for efficient rig time utilization. The challenge was to sustain positive pipe pressure in a well with total losses to enable mud pulse telemetry. This issue was successfully resolved by increasing pump rates and use of flow restrictor sub as a part of logging tool string.
The novel approach of the described logging method enables log data acquisition on a well that experienced total losses and had significant obstructions for conveyance of wireline tools. Method allows to efficiently collect critical log data required for well completion and reservoir characterization.
Improvement of Hydraulic Fracturing Through Advanced Simulation, Production History Matching and Forecasting
Authors: Abdrazakov Dmitriy , Bigeldiyev Asfandiyar , Batu Assem , Sidorov Dmitriy , Kovyazin Dmitriy , Kudalsha Aimurat , Mukanov Adil 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The current work is intended to show how Central Asian region adopted the industry's latest developments in hydraulic fracturing design optimization. The suggested workflow includes advanced proppant and acid transport modeling combined with production forecasting via connection of comprehensive hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulators. The field examples from Kazakhstan are given to support the strengths of the suggested workflow.
The suggested workflow significantly differs from the standard propped fracturing approach used in Kazakhstan. The new workflow uses one software platform for hydraulic fracturing simulations and hydrodynamic modeling. First, the comprehensive hydraulic fracturing simulator with advanced proppant and acid transport model, chemical and physical processes is used to perform a first approximation of the hydraulic fracturing design. Second, the designed fractures are incorporated into the dynamic simulator for a thorough sensitivity, uncertainty and probability analysis. Finally, the model is validated against historical production and used for forecasting and hydraulic fracturing treatment optimization.
Integration of the Temperature Data for Control of Water Injection Conformance
Authors: Atakishiyev Fuad , Sheydayev Ali , Zett Adrian , Zavyalov Denis , Murray Laurence 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Operated by BP Exploration (Caspian Sea) Limited, Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli (ACG) is a giant field located in the Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan. Primary pressure support in the ACG field is achieved by water injection into co-mingled reservoirs completed across Fasila and Balakhany horizons. There are different types of down hole completion across ACG's water injection well stock; in some of those a permanent fibre optical cable is installed recording continuous DTS (distributed temperature sensing) data throughout the well life. Limited 4D seismic resolution, restricted access to the wells, a high cost of intervention and a time limitation for extended logging programs means that, in most cases, temperature in combination with pressure transient and well performance data are the only surveillance data that can be used for understanding and control of injection conformance.
This paper discusses multiple case studies using the integrated approach and methodology for temperature data acquisition and interpretation to control water injection conformance over the life of the ACG field.
There are many factors that affect the quality and accuracy of temperature log data which have been well described in the industry, hence these will not be looked at in detail in this paper. The paper will describe the importance of the multi-disciplinary teamwork required for a comprehensive logging program to ensure the most accurate and representative temperature data are acquired.
The paper also discusses the process of planning and execution of a temperature data acquisition program, together with real field examples of qualitative evaluation of water injection conformance.
The integration of the acquired temperature data with other static and dynamic surveillance data allows the operator to make critical decisions on water injection management.
Case Study: Plunger Lift Application Doubled Oil Production
Authors: Nurkas Zhassulan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Plunger Lift is an efficient method of producing hydrocarbons for a "specific" well conditions. The most important part of the application process is to select the wells with appropriate conditions. Typical Plunger Lift applications are (E. Beauregard, L. Ferguson, 1982): removal of liquids from gas wells;high gas liquid ratio wells;paraffin and hydrate control;increasing efficiency of gas lift applications (especially for an intermittent gas lift);
Further technology studies as well as field pilot projects extended application range of the systems and to the date plungers also being used to (E. Beauregard, S. Morrow, 1989): 5)produce liquids in extremely low pressure reservoirs;6)produce liquids in retrograde condensate wells;7)remove water from coal seam methane gas wells;8)produce liquids in deviated and horizontal wells;9)prevent downhole freezing problems in high pressure gas wells.
Besides applications listed above, there is also a specific window for a Plunger Lift – well conditions with high gas liquid ratio, where traditional SRP and ESP systems are severely challenged.
Despite the wide and effective application range of the technology and quick payout period, the major obstacle to more widespread utilization of plungers has been a lack of education. This has been a problem not only with operational personnel but engineering and management as well. Key figures on Plunger Lift technology, founders of PCS Ferguson company, Beauregard and Ferguson were mentioning this early in 80-s as the main barrier. Since this period number of Plunger Lift installation is continuously growing in North America and reached up to 4% of total well count, which is today about 30 000 wells.
Nevertheless, in Eastern Hemisphere implementations of plungers are only at the beginning stage. This paper discusses the latest Plunger Lift applications in Kazakhstan, obtained results, there are also some operational guidelines on more effective implementation ways.