bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Future of the Corporation and the Economics of Purpose
Authors: Mayer Colin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article examines the economic underpinnings of the concept of corporate purpose, which has gained increasing attention from business academics, practitioners and policymakers. It argues that there are fundamental reasons for reconceptualizing the purpose of business in the future which derive from the changing nature of business and the market failures to which it gives rise. It suggests that regulation is proving increasingly inadequate at correcting market failures, and the traditional separation between economic efficiency and distribution that underpins policy formulation is untenable. Instead, the article sets out how appropriately defined notions of corporate purpose can help to promote not only better social outcomes but also enhanced functioning of firms and markets. It describes a set of principles that provide a comprehensive framework for reforming business around credible commitments to corporate purpose. The reformulation of the corporation has profound implications for the macroeconomic performance of economies as well as the microeconomics of firms and markets.
Motivation for change in the health care of children with developmental disabilities: Pilot continuing professional development‐quality improvement project
Authors: Ong Natalie , Goff Roxanne , Eapen Valsamma , Tomsic Gail , Moore Loretta , Garg Pankaj , Campbell Denise , Waters Karen , Castro Chenda , Silove Natalie 
Published: October 2020

AimPeople with developmental disabilities (DDs) experience significant barriers accessing and receiving optimal health care resulting in poorer health‐care outcomes. Continuing professional development (CPD) represents an effective means to alter health‐care staff behaviour to improve the care of people with DDs. However, given the scepticism regarding the effectiveness of certain CPD models' ability to alter learner's workplace behaviour, the current pilot study developed and determined the feasibility of a novel CPD programme aimed at improving the health care provided to children with DDs.MethodsMotivation for Change (MFC) is a novel CPD programme based on empirically based behaviour and educational strategies including motivational interviewing, flipped classroom and process mapping. It utilises input of patients, practitioners, and family members during administration of the programme. MFC was administered with 14 staff members in a Sydney Children's Hospital Sleep service.ResultsAfter MFC engagement, staff reported significant improvements in their knowledge of behavioural characteristics of children with DDs, the difficulties they face, how best to support them within the learner's work setting and confidence in working with children with DDs. There was a non‐significant decline in their reported need for further training and expressed high level of satisfaction with the MFC programme.ConclusionMFC represents a feasible means of providing CPD to health‐care staff but further research is needed to determine objective clinical behavioural change. Evaluation of the impact on patient health outcomes, parent/child satisfaction, staff sustainability and overall system functioning is also needed. It may represent an effective model of CPD for other targets of health‐care improvement.
Internalized homophobia, self‐esteem, social support and depressive symptoms among sexual and gender minority women in Taiwan: An online survey
Authors: Wang Ya‐Ching , Miao Nae‐Fang , Chang Shiow‐Ru 
Published: October 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Sexual minority individuals are more likely to experience depressive disorders than heterosexual individuals.

Factors associated with depressive symptoms among sexual minority individuals have been explored and examined; however, there is a limited evidence to understand the factors among sexual minority women in non‐western countries.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

To the best our knowledge, this is the first study examining internalized homophobia, self‐esteem, social support and depressive symptoms among sexual minority women in Taiwan.

Sexual minority women at risk of having depressive symptoms had a higher level of internalized homophobia, lower self‐esteem and fewer support from partners, friends, and families.

Specifically, being single, being a student and having a higher personal income increased the risk of having depressive symptoms among sexual minority women.

What are the implications for practice?

Mental health practitioners and nurses should be aware of and assess sexual minority women's level of internalized homophobia, self‐esteem, and received social support to reduce the risk of depressive symptoms and thus help prevent suicidal ideation.

LGBT sex education and government involvement are essential to buffer the negative influences of a homophobic society on the mental health of sexual minority women.

AbstractIntroductionSexual minority women are more likely to report depressive symptoms than sexual minority men. However, there is a lack of evidence to understand factors associated with depressive symptoms among sexual minority women in non‐western countries.AimThis study examined internalized homophobia, self‐esteem, social support and depressive symptoms among Taiwanese sexual minority women.MethodA total of 581 Taiwanese sexual minority women (Age range 20–48 years old, Mean 26.96, SD 5.718) completed an online survey.ResultsTaiwanese sexual minority women at risk of having depressive symptoms had a higher level of internalized homophobia and lower self‐esteem. Perceived support from participants’ partners, friends and families was related to lower risk of depressive symptoms. Being single, being a student and having a higher personal income were also found to increase the risk of having depressive symptoms among the women.DiscussionMental health interventions are essential for sexual minority women with internalized homophobia and low self‐esteem.Implications for PracticeMental health practitioners and nurses should be aware of and assess the concerns that sexual minority women have regarding healthcare services and provide culturally competent care to reduce the risk of depressive symptoms.
Telehealth Use in a Rural State: A Mixed‐Methods Study Using Maine's All‐Payer Claims Database
Authors: Jonk Yvonne C. , Burgess Amanda , Williamson Martha Elbaum , Thayer Deborah , MacKenzie Jennifer , McGuire Catherine , Fox Kimberley , Coburn Andrew F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study assesses trends in telehealth use in Maine—a rural state with comprehensive telehealth policies—across payers, services, and rurality, and identifies barriers and facilitators to the adoption and use of telehealth services.MethodsUsing a mixed‐methods approach, researchers analyzed data from Maine's All Payer Claims Database (2008‐2016) and key informant interviews with health care organization leaders to examine telehealth use and explore factors impacting telehealth adoption and implementation.FindingsDespite a 14‐fold increase in the use of telehealth over the 9‐year study period, use remains low—0.28% of individuals used telehealth services in 2016 compared with 0.02% in 2008. Services provided via telehealth varied by rurality; speech language pathology (SLP) was the most common type of service among rural residents, while psychiatric services were most common among urban residents. Medicaid was the primary payer for over 70% of telehealth claims in both rural and urban areas of the state, driving the increase of telehealth claims over time. Issues challenging organizations seeking to deploy telehealth included provider resistance, staff turnover, provider shortages, and lack of broadband. Key informants identified inadequate and inconsistent reimbursement as barriers to comprehensive, systematic billing for telehealth services, resulting in underrepresentation of telehealth services in claims data.ConclusionsClaims covered by Medicaid account for much of the observed expansion of telehealth use in Maine. Telehealth appears to be improving access to behavioral health and SLP services. Provider shortages, broadband, and Medicare and commercial coverage policies limit the use of telehealth services in rural areas.
Behavioral and Neural Responses to Tone Errors in Foreign‐Accented Mandarin
Authors: Pelzl Eric , Lau Ellen F. , Jackson Scott R. , Guo Taomei , Gor Kira 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrevious event‐related potentials (ERP) research has investigated how foreign accent modulates listeners’ neural responses to lexical‐semantic and morphosyntactic errors. We extended this line of research to consider whether pronunciation errors in Mandarin Chinese are processed differently when a foreign‐accented speaker makes them relative to when a native‐accented speaker makes them (a conceptual replication using the materials from Pelzl et al., 2019). We evaluated behavioral judgments, the N400, and late positive component while native speakers listened to native and foreign‐accented sentences containing tone and rhyme pronunciation errors. We observed effects that suggested that the participants were prone to detect errors in foreign‐accented speech more often in sentences with no critical word deviation but also were less likely to reject critical tone errors produced by the foreign‐accented speaker. ERP results showed a main effect of accent on late positive components that suggested a difference in degree for sensitivity to foreign‐accented compared to native‐accented pronunciation errors rather than a completely different response pattern. We found no effect of accent on N400s, with statistically significant differences between tone and rhyme errors regardless of speaker accent.
School nurses' perceptions regarding barriers and facilitators in caring for children with chronic diseases in school settings: A mixed studies review
Authors: Uhm Ju‐Yeon , Choi Mi‐Young , Lee Hyojung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to understand school nurses' perceptions regarding barriers to and facilitators for health care services for children with chronic diseases in school settings. Using the PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, and Web of Science databases, a mixed studies review was conducted for literature published between January 2011 and June 2020. We performed a mixed‐methods systematic review using a convergent integrated approach. A quality appraisal of the included studies was conducted using a mixed‐methods appraisal tool. Twenty‐seven articles (10 qualitative, 10 quantitative, and seven mixed‐methods) that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Integrated findings that emerged from data synthesis were categorized into four levels (intrapersonal level, interpersonal level, institutional level, and community and public policy level) based on a socio‐ecological model framework. This mixed systematic review provides a comprehensive understanding of school nurses' perceived barriers and facilitators when providing school health care for students with chronic diseases and how these barriers and facilitators interact across multiple systems. Further policies and strategies should be developed to provide effective school health services considering this study's findings.
Fracture of an S‐ICD lead after two prior transvenous lead‐related complications with conventional defibrillators
Authors: Gutleben Klaus‐Jürgen , Nelovic Valjbona , Pujdak Krzysztof , Werner Marc , Osmani Ibrahim , Kähler Jan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSix months after subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD) implantation a 26‐year‐old Brugada patient presented because of a beeping tone emitted by his device. Chest X‐ray displayed two functionless transvenous shock leads and the S‐ICD system with a lead fracture. During lead revision procedure, extensive preparation of the lead from unexpectedly firm surrounding fibrous tissue encapsulating the lead was necessary before it could be removed, and a new shock lead could be implanted.This is the first report of an S‐ICD lead exchange due to very early lead fracture and unexpectedly severe fibrous tissue hampering surgical lead extraction.
Does the Stringency of State Tax and Expenditure Limitations Discourage Political Manipulation in Fiscal Reserves?
Authors: Ryu Seeun , Cho Inyoung , Kim Jiseul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article examines how state tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) affect the size of fiscal reserves over election cycles. Using a panel data set of 47 U.S. states from 1986 to 2013, we find that the persistent pattern of electoral cycles in general fund balances (GFBs) disappears in states with stricter TELs. Regarding a budget stabilization fund balances (BSFs), the preelection and election downward effect diminishes and becomes statistically insignificant while the postelection upward effect increases and becomes significant in states with stricter TELs. Our findings reveal that the stringency of TELs not only eliminates electioneering's impact on GFBs but also coincides with increases in BSFs, particularly in postelection years. Consistent with the principal–agent theory, politicians tend to use a budget stabilization fund (BSF) as a secondary saving account to circumvent stronger TELs and save more BSFs after elections.
The Evolving Field of Risk Communication
Authors: Balog‐Way Dominic , McComas Katherine , Besley John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe 40th Anniversary of the Society for Risk Analysis presents an apt time to step back and review the field of risk communication. In this review, we first evaluate recent debates over the field's current state and future directions. Our takeaway is that efforts to settle on a single, generic version of what constitutes risk communication will be less productive than an open‐minded exploration of the multiple forms that comprise today's vibrant interdisciplinary field. We then review a selection of prominent cognitive, cultural, and social risk communication scholarship appearing in the published literature since 2010. Studies on trust in risk communication messengers continued to figure prominently, while new research directions emerged on the opportunities and critical challenges of enhancing transparency and using social media. Research on message attributes explored how conceptual insights particularly relating to framing, affective and emotional responses, and uncertainty might be operationalized to improve message effectiveness. Studies consistently demonstrated the importance of evaluation and how varying single attributes alone is unlikely to achieve desired results. Research on risk communication audiences advanced on risk perception and multiway engagement with notable interest in personal factors such as gender, race, age, and political orientation. We conclude by arguing that the field's interdisciplinary tradition should be further nurtured to drive the next evolutionary phase of risk communication research.
I’m Only Kidding: On Racist and Ethnic Jokes
Authors: Carroll Noël 
Published: October 2020

AbstractToward the end of his book Jokes, perhaps the best known philosophical treatment of the subject, Ted Cohen includes a notorious joke about a group of young Black men who are deterred from committing a gang rape by being thrown a basketball. This is a joke that perplexes Cohen and that he admits plays into stereotypes that presuppose the mindless obsession of Black youths with basketball as well as their unbridled sexuality. He agrees that the joke is morally bad and that it would be a better world without it. But he denies that its evil compromises its alleged funniness. He writes: “Wish that there were no mean jokes. Try remaking the world so that such jokes will have no place, will not arise. But do not deny that they are funny. That denial is a pretense that will help nothing.” In this paper, I want to challenge the claim that the moral defectiveness of a joke, especially a racist joke, cannot ever compromise its capacity to be funny.
Contour line simplification method based on the two‐level Bellman–Ford algorithm
Authors: He Guangjing , Zhang Xinchang , Sun Ying , Luo Guowei , Chen Liyan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe contour line is one of the basic elements of a topographic map. Existing contour line simplification methods are generally applied to maps without topological errors. However, contour lines acquired from a digital elevation model (DEM) may contain topological errors before simplification. Targeted at contour lines with topological errors, a progressive simplification method based on the two‐level Bellman–Ford algorithm is proposed in this study. Simplified contour lines and elevation error bands were extracted from the DEM. The contour lines of the elevation error bands were initially simplified with the Bellman–Ford (BF) algorithm. The contour lines were then segmented using the vertices of the initial simplification result and connected curves with the same bending direction were merged into a new curve. Subsequently, various directed graphs of the merged curves were constructed and a second simplification was made using the BF algorithm. Finally, the simplification result was selected based on the similarity between several simplification results and adjacent contour lines. The experimental results indicate that the main shapes of the contour groups can be maintained with this method and original topological errors are resolved.
Cotton‐tip debridement, scalpel blade debridement, and superficial grid keratotomy for treatment of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCED): A retrospective evaluation of 308 cases
Authors: Boutin Marie‐Pier , Coutellier Martin , Ollivier Franck J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the clinical course and outcome of canine SCCEDs treated with a combination of cotton‐tip debridement (CTD), scalpel blade debridement (SBD), and superficial grid keratotomy (SGK).MethodsMedical records of dogs diagnosed with SCCED and treated by the same diplomate (FJO) from 2011 to 2019 were reviewed. Age, breed, sex, affected eye, time of onset before treatment, previous procedures performed, time to healing, need for a second treatment, and complications were reported.ResultsA total of 308 eyes (291 dogs) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. All dogs received the same treatment (CTD + SBD + SGK) and the same topical medication (tobramycin 0.3% solution and sodium chloride 5% ointment). All eyes healed. Mean age at presentation was 9 years and 6 months (114.4 ± SD 28.0 months), and Boxer was the most common breed (93/308; 30.2%). Mean corneal healing time was 11.5 days (±SD 6.6). Complications occurred in 15/308 (4.9%) eyes. The three main complications observed were infected epithelial ulcer, infected stromal ulcer, and melting corneal ulcer, and 7/15 (46.7%) of the complications were diagnosed in Boston Terrier. Healing occurred after one treatment in 299/308 (97.1%) eyes, and the remaining cases needed a second treatment.ConclusionsCTD + SBD + SGK is an inexpensive and efficient treatment for SCCED in dogs. Boston Terrier may be at higher risk of developing complications following this procedure.
Choroidal melanocytic tumors in dogs: A retrospective study
Authors: Badanes Zachary , Espinheira Gomes Filipe , Ledbetter Eric C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe clinical features of dogs diagnosed with choroidal melanocytic tumors at a veterinary teaching hospital.Animals studiedRetrospective case series of 13 dogs (14 melanocytic tumors) with choroidal melanocytic tumors.ProceduresMedical records of dogs evaluated by the Cornell University ophthalmology service with a clinical diagnosis of a choroidal melanocytic tumor between 2008 and 2020 were reviewed. A choroidal melanocytic tumor was clinically defined as any well‐demarcated, raised pigmented choroidal lesion underlying the retina. Histopathology results were consulted when available. Signalment and clinical features were recorded, including fundoscopic location, histopathologic findings, treatment, and outcome.ResultsChoroidal melanocytic tumors were identified in 14 eyes of 13 dogs. The mean (±standard deviation) of dogs was 8.6 (±3.5) years. Seven different breeds were represented, with Labrador/Labrador mix being the most common. Ten of the 14 melanocytic tumors were diagnosed incidentally. Four dogs presented for vision loss and ocular discomfort, and diagnosis was made on histopathology examination following enucleation. Pulmonary metastasis was suspected in one dog with an incidentally found choroidal melanocytic tumor OD. Fundoscopic location was available for 8 melanocytic tumors, with 6 (75%) located in the tapetal fundus. Histopathologic diagnosis was melanocytoma for 3 and malignant melanoma in 1 globe, with optic nerve head invasion in 50%. Local recurrence was not seen in any orbit following enucleation.ConclusionChoroidal melanocytic tumors are uncommon in dogs. Metastasis appears to be rare and was only suspected in one dog, but intraocular tumor growth can lead to retinal detachment, glaucoma, and necessitate enucleation.
The Evidence Base in Exercise Knowledge of Pregnant Women: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Lee Ching‐Fang , Lin Yuan‐Horng , Chi Li‐Kang , Lin Hsien‐Ming , Huang Jian‐Pei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundExercise has many benefits for women with uncomplicated pregnancies. However, poor exercise knowledge may contribute to problems or barriers that reduce a woman’s level of exercise after becoming pregnant.AimThis study was performed to identify pregnancy exercise knowledge among pregnant women using latent class analysis and to examine the relationship between pregnancy exercise knowledge patterns and sociodemographic characteristics.DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional approach was used in this study.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the prenatal outpatient departments of two hospitals and a certified prenatal center in Taipei, Taiwan. A total of 618 participants completed a pregnancy exercise knowledge test. The data were analyzed using WINMIRA and SPSS 20.0 software.ResultsTwo latent classes were identified based on exercise knowledge among pregnant women. The Accurate Knowledge group (n = 543, 87.9%), which had a higher latent trait for exercise knowledge (M = 1.31, SD = 0.94), was larger than the Limited Knowledge group (n = 75, 12.1%), which had a lower latent trait (M = −0.22, SD = 1.14). The principles of exercise for pregnant women, particularly the appropriate intensity and duration, may be difficult items for women in the Limited Knowledge group to understand. Women with Limited Knowledge had significantly lower education levels and greater rates of unemployment, multiparity, and miscarriage than women in the Accurate Knowledge group.Linking Evidence to ActionA two‐class system for interpreting exercise knowledge among pregnant women is statistically supported. We believe that this study has evidence‐based potential to help healthcare providers improve pregnant women’s exercise knowledge as part of routine prenatal care to promote exercise.