bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Oxidation Protein Products and the CLOCK 3111T/C Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Menopausal Women with Insomnia
Authors: Natalya V. Semenova Natalya V. Semenova , Madaeva Irina , Brichagina Anastasiya , Nikitina Olga , Kolesnikov Sergey , Kolesnikova Lyubov 
Published: December 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the dependence of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) levels on the genotype of the CLOCK 3111T/C SNP in Caucasian menopausal women with and without insomnia.	Methods and Results: The study involved 105 Caucasian menopausal women volunteers aged between 45 and 60 years. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were employed. The study of the CLOCK 3111T/C SNP (rs1801260) was performed by PCR. The blood level of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) was detected by IEMA. Based on the results of a clinical-anamnestic examination, the women were divided into two groups: the main (with insomnia) and the control (without insomnia). Given the small number of women carrying the CC genotype of the CLOCK 3111T/C SNP, the СС carriers and TC carriers were combined into one group as the carriers of the minor 3111C allele. There were no statistically significant differences in the AOPP levels between carriers of different genotypes (TT genotype and TC+CC genotypes) in controls and patients. A comparative analysis of AOPP levels in the women of the main and control groups showed higher AOPP levels in women with insomnia carrying the TT genotype than in the control of the same genotype (P=0.013).	Conclusion: Insomnia in menopausal women is associated with increased protein oxidation only in carriers of the TT genotype of the CLOCK 3111T/C SNP.
Analysis of Pro- and Antioxidant Status in Women with Endocrine Infertility
Authors: Grebenkina Lyudmila , Darenskaya Marina , Rashidova Maria , Osipova Elena , Lyubochko Anastasia , Kolesnikov Sergey , Kolesnikova Lyubov 
Published: December 2020

The aim of our study was to identify the changes in the indicators of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant defense (AOD) in women with endocrine infertility. Methods and Results: The study included 358 women of reproductive age. Based on clinical and laboratory data, two groups were formed: the control group (CG) and the main group (MG). CG consisted of 61 healthy fertile women (mean age of 22±2.3 years). MG consisted of 297 women (mean age of 26±5.6 years) with endocrine infertility. The blood levels of antioxidant parameters (total antioxidant activity [TTA], SOD activity, α-tocopherol and retinol) and primary/secondary products of LPO (conjugated dienes [CD], ketodienes and conjugated trienes [KD-CT], and thiobarbituric acid reactants [TBARs]) were determined using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. The levels of sex hormones and cortisol were determined by radioimmunoassay and EIA. In MG, we found a significant increase in the blood levels of total lipid, DB, CDs, KD-CT, and TBARs, compared to CG. The results of a comparative analysis of the AOD parameters showed a significant increase in the total AOA level by 31% in MG, while the levels of α-tocopherol and retinol significantly decreased by 22% and 15%, respectively, compared to CG. In women of MG, the serum level of prolactin increased by 2 times.	Conclusion: The results obtained reflect the adaptive and disadaptive mechanisms of LPO-AOD participation in the formation of female infertility of endocrine origin. The complex changes in the LPO-AOD system (increased levels of the substrates of oxidation and all intermediates of the LPO process amid falling values of the AOD parameters) indicate the presence of OS in women with endocrine infertility.
A Novel Technique to Assess Rotational Deformities in Lower Extremities
Authors: Bakhshayesh Peyman , Ihediwa Ugwunna , Sandher Sukha , Vris Alexandros , Heidari Nima , Enocson Anders 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Rotational deformities following IM nailing of tibia has a reported incidence of as high as 20%. Common techniques to measure deformities following IM nailing of tibia are either based on clinical assessment, plain X-rays or CT-scan comparing the treated leg with the uninjured contralateral side. All these techniques are based on examiners manual calculation inherently subject to bias. Following our previous rigorous motion analysis and symmetry studies on hemi pelvises, femurs and orthopaedic implants, we aimed to introduce a novel fully digital technique to measure rotational deformities in the lower legs.Material and Methods: Following formal institutional approval from the Imperial College, CT images of 10 pairs of human lower legs were retrieved. Images were anonymized and uploaded to a research server. Three dimensional CT images of the lower legs were bilaterally reconstructed. The mirrored images of the left side were merged with the right side proximally as stationary and distally as moving objects. Discrepancies in translation and rotation were automatically calculated.Results: Our study population had a mean age of 54 ± 20 years. There were six males and four females. We observed a greater variation in translation (mm) of Centre of Mass (COM) in sagittal plane (CI: -2.959--.292) which was also presented as rotational difference alongside the antero-posterior direction or Y axis (CI: .370-1.035). In other word the right lower legs in our study were more likely to be in varus compared to the left side. However, there were no statistically significant differences in coronal or axial planes.Conclusion: Using our proposed fully digital technique we found that lower legs of the human adults were symmetrical in axial and coronal plane. We found sagittal plane differences which need further addressing in future using bigger sample size. Our novel recommended technique is fully digital and commercially available. This new technique can be useful in clinical practice addressing rotational deformities following orthopaedic surgical intervention. This new technique can substitute the previously introduced techniques.
An Internet-Based Emotion Regulation Intervention Versus no Intervention for Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents: Study Protocol for a Feasibility Trial
Authors: Morthorst Britt Reuter , Rubæk Lotte , Lindschou Jane , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Gluud Christian Gluud Christian , Bjurebjerg Johan , Hellner Clara , Møhl Bo , Pagsberg Anne Katrine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has gained increased attention in recent years due to increased prevalence, especially among adolescents. Evidence-based interventions for NSSI are sparse. Emotion regulation individual therapy for adolescents (ERITA) is an online intervention that needs investigation. Non-randomised studies suggest ERITA improves emotion regulations skills and reduces NSSI frequency. Before conducting a large pragmatic randomised clinical trial, we aim to investigate the feasibility of ERITA in Denmark. Methods: A randomised, parallel group feasibility trial comparing ERITA as add on to treatment as usual versus treatment as usual in 30 adolescents age 13-17 years with recurrent NSSI referred to outpatient clinics in The Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark. Feasibility outcomes are 1) completion of follow-up, 2) the fraction of eligible participants who consent to inclusion and randomisation, and 3) compliance with the intervention. Exploratory clinical outcomes such as self-injury frequency and the ability to regulate emotions will be investigated exploratorily. Discussion: Internet-based interventions are assumed to be appealing to adolescents by being easily accessible and easy to navigate by tech natives. Disclosure of self-injury behaviour may be facilitated by an online intervention. The evidence for self-injury specific treatment needs to be extended but prior to a large clinical trial, the feasibility of methods and procedures must be assessed. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.Gov Identifier: NCT04243603
Case Report 1: NAD+ Oscillation Therapy (NOT) to treat Covid-19 aggravated by poorly controlled Diabetes Melitus Type 2
Authors: Wyk Adriaan Francois van , Verwey Theo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We report on a case of a 50 year old diabetic, obese and hypertensive male patient that developed severe disease, was admitted and treated with NAD+ Oscillation Therapy (NOT) and then discharged in a stable condition within 5 days (not requiring home oxygen therapy). In addition to the favourable outcome in regards to severe COVID-19 disease, the patient’s blood glucose levels were better controlled after resolution of COVID-19 and the patient has no apparent post-COVID-19 morbidity, which has been reported in countries across the world.NAD+ Oscillation Therapy is a novel medical treatment developed in South Africa. NAD+ Oscillation Therapy envelops the real time measurement of the NAD+/NADH ratio and modulation of the ratio with the goal of restoration of homeostasis. This supports the primary role of the immune system which is protection and restoration.This case shows a favourable treatment outcome in a high risk patient that developed severe disease. Treatment was initiated early and hospitalization was done before laboratory markers reached critical levels. This case highlights the importance of early treatment initiation, effective patient counselling re home care (recognition of sepsis and respiratory distress), NOT as a realtime treatment method of sepsis and the advantage of NOT as a treatment modality in COVID-19 patient care.
Changes in potential cancer indicator reporting in primary-care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Scott Lauren J , Murphy Mairead , Price Sarah , Lewis Rhys , Denholm Rachel , Horwood Jeremy , Salisbury Chris 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background In March 2020, the World Health Organisation declared COVID-19 a pandemic.Aim To investigate how the pandemic affected presentation to primary-care with features potentially indicating cancer, and explore how reporting differed by patient characteristics and in face-to-face vs. remote consultations.Design and setting Retrospective cohort study in 21 practices in South-West England.Methods Potential cancer indicators were identified using pre-defined code lists for symptoms, signs, test results and diagnoses. Negative binomial regression models compared reporting of potential cancer indicators in April-July 2020 to April-July 2019. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p-values are reported.Results During April-July 2019 and 2020, respectively, 152,447/344,184 (44%) and 123,775/350,966 (35%) patients consulted, with 44,662/344,184 (13%) and 29,150/350,966 (8%) reporting a potential cancer indicator (IRR=0.65, 95%CI 0.62-0.68, p<0.001). Reduced indicator reporting was stable across ethnicity, deprivation and shielding status, was greater in children (0-4 years IRR=0.50, 95%CI 0.46-0.55, p<0.001; 5-17 years IRR=0.45, 95%CI 0.41-0.49, p<0.001) and males (IRR=0.61, 95%CI 0.58-0.64), and less marked in patients with mental health conditions (IRR=0.75, 95%CI 0.72-0.79, p<0.001). Indicator reporting dropped for GP face-to-face consultations (IRR=0.88, 95%CI 0.80-0.97, p=0.011) and increased for remote consultations (IRR=1.22, 95%CI 1.11-1.34, p<0.001), but despite this, remained lower in remote consulting than face-to-face in April-July 2020.Conclusion Patient consulting in general, and for potential cancer indicators specifically, reduced during the first-wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Remote consulting may be part of the reason for the reduction in reporting of potential cancer indicators, along with the reduced spreading of viral (non-cancer) infections.
Intraindividual coexistence of anthropometric undernutrition and “metabolic obesity” in Indian Children: A paradox that needs action
Authors: Sachdev Harshpal Singh , Porwal Akash , Sarna Avina , Acharya Rajib , Ramesh Sowmya , Kapil Umesh , Kurpad Anura V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIntraindividual coexistence of anthropometrically defined undernutrition and “metabolic obesity”, characterised by presence of at least one abnormal cardiometabolic risk factor, is rarely investigated in young children and adolescents, particularly in Low-and-Middle-Income-Countries undergoing rapid nutrition transition. MethodsPrevalence of biomarkers of metabolic obesity was related to anthropometric and socio-demographic characteristics in 5-19 years old participants from the population-based Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey in India (2016-2018). The biomarkers, serum lipid-profile (total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides), fasting glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and all jointly were analysed in 22567, 23192, 25962 and 19143 participants, respectively.ResultsOverall (entire dataset), the prevalence of abnormalities was low (4.3-4.5%) for LDL and TC, intermediate for dysglycemia (10.9-16.1%), and high for HDL and triglycerides (21.7-25.8%). Proportions with ≥1 abnormal metabolic obesity biomarker(s) were 56.2% overall, 54.2% in thin (BMI-for-age <-2SD) and 59.3% in stunted (height-for-age <-2SD) participants. Comparable prevalence was evident in mild undernutrition (-1 to -2 SD). Clustering of two borderline abnormalities occurred in one-third, warranting active life-style interventions. Metabolic obesity prevalence increased with BMI-for-age. Among those with metabolic obesity, only 9% were overweight/obese (>1SD BMI-for-age). Among poor participants, triglyceride, glucose and HDL abnormalities were higher. ConclusionsA paradoxical, counter-intuitive prevalence of metabolic obesity biomarker(s) exists in over half of anthropometrically undernourished and normal-weight Indian children and adolescents. There is a crucial need for commensurate investments to address overnutrition along with undernutrition. Nutritional status should be characterized through additional reliable biomarkers, instead of anthropometry alone.
Large Number Hexagonal Cavities Microfluidic Digital Chip for Gene Mutation Ultrasensitive Analysis in Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Fei , Feng Pan , Guo Mingjing , Li Gang , Xie Tengbao , Zhang Liqun , Pu Xiaoyun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lung cancer is the highest incidence of malignant tumors in the world. Targeted therapy based on gene mutation detection including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation is one of the first-line treatments. In this work, took EGFR gene G719S mutation as a representative object, a large number hexagonal cavities microfluidic chip (LHMC) platform based on digital PCR (dPCR) for the absolute quantification of gene mutation in lung cancer was established. In this chip, 113,137 cavities chip was designed to increase the number of absolute quantitative, which was 2~5 times higher than the traditional one. The hexagonal shape of cavities elevates the filling rate and filling speed. A set of primers and probes for G719S with high sensitivity, high specificity and high reliability were designed and screened. Then the PCR parameters were optimized. The results demonstrated that the chip platform shows good performance. The minimum detection concentration of the gene mutant was 3.01 copies/μL, and a good correlation (Y= 0.725X- 0.581, R2= 0.984) was noted between the measured value and the expected value. This chip possesses sensitively detect positive mutations in G719S and completely negative when detecting other substances. The developed LHMC-dPCR chip is a rapid and accurate gene mutation analysis platform, which has faster speed and lower price than classic detection methods, for instance, droplet dPCR, DNA sequencing method. Moreover, LHMC-dPCR is not limited by the number of nucleic acids and droplets and there is no need to estimate the nucleic acid concentration of the sample. This chip platform could also detect other gene mutations, for example, L858R, exon 19 deletions, in other tumors including lung cancer.
Spatial-time Visualization of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area: Informing Health Policy and Practice
Authors: Firouraghi Neda , Mostafavi Sayyed Mostafa , Raouf-Rahmati Amene , Mohammadi Alireza , Saemi Reza , Fakher Mahmoud , Hamer Davidson H , Moghaddas Elham , Kiani Behzad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important public health concern worldwide. Iran is among the most CL-affected countries, being listed as one of the first six endemic countries in the world. In order to develop targeted interventions, we performed a spatial-time visualization of CL cases in an urban area to identify high-risk and low-risk areas during 2016-2019.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Mashhad. Patient data were gathered from Mashhad health centers. All cases (n=2425) were diagnosed in two stages; the initial diagnosis was based on clinical findings. Subsequently, clinical manifestation was confirmed by parasitological tests. The data were aggregated at the neighborhood and district levels and smoothed CL incidence rates per 100,000 individuals were calculated using the spatial empirical Bayesian approach. Furthermore, we used the Anselin Local Moran’s I statistic to identify clusters and outliers of CL distribution during 2016-2019 in Mashhad. Results:The overall incidence rates decreased from 34.6 per 100,000 in 2016 to 19.9 per 100,000 individuals in 2019. Both cluster analyses by crude incidence rate and smoothed incidence rate identified high-risk areas in southwestern Mashhad over the study period. Furthermore, the analyses revealed low-risk areas in northeastern Mashhad over the same 3-year period.Conclusions:The southwestern area of Mashhad had the highest CL incidence rates. This piece of information might be of value to design tailored interventions such as running effective resource allocation models, informed control plans and implementation of efficient surveillance systems. Furthermore, this study generates new hypotheses to test potential relationships between socio-economic and environmental risk factors and incidence of CL in areas with higher associated risks.
TPX2&nbsp;Derived Vaccine to Inhibit Tumorigenesis and Metastasis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer&nbsp;
Authors: Jiang Yueqiang , Liu Yan , Cheng Ling , Tan Xiaolong , Luo Jian , Yu Shiyin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks of treatment approaches rather than other subtypes of breast cancer. However, it characterizes the highest the level of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) than other subtypes, indicating the possibility of immunotherapy. Method: female BALB/c background mice are immunized with a TPX2 derived vaccine 4 consecutive times (once a week) from 6 weeks old, and then 4T1 cells are transplanted to the #4 mammary fatpad. Surface tumor volume and No. of lung metastasis were recorded. TIL and splenocyte was collected for T cell subgroup analysis by methods of flow cytometry and IFN-γ ELISPOT. Result: as a result, TPX2 derived vaccine shows moderate effect, shrinking the tumor volume from 804.4 to 504.5 mm3, and decreasing the number of lung metastasis from 16.6 to 6.0 in control group compared to vaccine group. CD8+ T cell ratio are obviously increased in TIL between vaccine group and control group (5.87% vs 3.37%, P=0.0012). And vaccine could induce strong immune response both in tumor site (87.6 vs 7.0, p=0.0004) and system (28.2 vs 3.8, p＜0.0001) through IFN-γ ELISPOT. Conclusion: our result indicated that TPX2 derived vaccine may be an effective approach to inhibit TNBC tumorigenesis and metastasis.
Atmospheric pressure and population density as super-factors influencing the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Yan Wei , Nawaz Muhammad Zohaib , Xu Wenqian , Jiang Zheng , Sun Weixiang , Lai Jiayue , Shao Yinghui , Zhang Wei , Zhang Rui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), recently emerged and led to a global pandemic with enormous consequent losses to global health and economies. To date, more than 30 million cases have been reported globally and have affected almost every with varying degrees. Meteorological and non-meteorological factors such as temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, population density, and latitude, are considered critical in virus transmission. To explore the correlation of environmental factors with the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 based on parameters including infection rate, effective reproduction number, and compound growth rate, we analyzed data of confirmed cases from 487 counties in the United States. We found a small impact of temperature and humidity on virus transmission, but observed a considerable positive influence of atmospheric pressure and population density on virus transmission. Geographic areas and seasons (autumn and winter), with exposure to higher atmospheric pressure, are more likely at higher risk of an outbreak. Social distancing and other measures could be effective strategies to combat COVID-19 outbreaks in densely populated areas. Additional studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying the relationship between meteorological parameters and transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
The Utility of Routine Histopathological Examination of the Appendectomy Specimens
Authors: Hasan Abdulkarim , Nafie Khalid Mohamed , Abbadi Osama Sharafeldin , Ibrahim Adel Abdelwahid 
Published: December 2020

Background: Appendectomy is the most commonly performed surgical procedure worldwide to manage appendicitis. The practice of sending all appendices specimens for routine histopathology examination depends on the concerned clinician. This study was performed to reveal the importance of routine histopathology examination of the appendectomy specimens with recording of the occurrence and distribution of unusual pathologic findings
Methods: This was a retrospective record based comparative study performed in a single Hospital in Saudi Arabia, where the medical files of 766 patients were recruited. The appendectomy specimens were obtained either from our hospital or referred from any other hospital for histopathology examination. All the unusual diagnoses were reviewed by the histopathology author and blindly re-evaluated by other pathology consultant. Statistic analysis was performed manually.
Result: 700 cases were within the usual histopathology scope. Unusual histopathological findings were observed in 66 cases (8.6%): four cases of mucinous neoplasms, 20 cases of fibrous obliteration or appendiceal neuroma, 18 cases showed parasitic infestation, and 24 cases were periappendicitis without appendicular acute inflammation.
Conclusion: Routine histopathology examination of the appendix not only confirms the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis, but also leads to the incidental diagnosis of much unusual pathologies which could have been missed by the surgeon, and these pathologies include parasitic infestation, peri-appendicitis, neuromas and appendiceal mucinous neoplasms.