bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the ‘phrasicon’ of teenagers in immersive and non-immersive settings
Authors: Bulon Amélie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Foreign language learners’ phraseological proficiency remains problematic, even at advanced levels (e.g., Meunier, 2012; Meunier & Granger, 2008;
Siepmann, 2008). While the Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) method
is believed to facilitate foreign language learning by fostering input, interaction, and output, little attention has been paid to
the phraseological competence of CLIL learners. The present study aims to fill this gap as it is framed within an
interdisciplinary project on CLIL in Belgium and specifically focuses on the phrasicon, i.e. the phraseological lexicon, of 5th
year French-speaking secondary school learners of English in immersive (CLIL) and non-immersive (NON-CLIL) settings. The paper
reports on (1) an analysis of the variety/range of the phrasicon and (2) an overview of phraseological accuracy. The analyses are
based on a corpus of written productions of 180 learners. The findings of this study indicate higher frequency, range and accuracy
in the phrasicon of CLIL learners.
Real-Time Intraoperative Consultation Reporting in the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Klein Molly E , Rudolf Joseph W , Tarbunova Maryna , Jorden Tanya , Clark Susanna R , Khalifa Mahmoud A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We sought to make pathologists’ intraoperative consultation (IOC) results immediately available to the surgical team, other clinicians, and laboratory medicine colleagues to improve communication and decrease postanalytic errors.

Methods
We created an IOC report in our stand-alone laboratory information system that could be signed out prior to, and independent of, the final report, and transfer immediately to the electronic health record (EHR) as a preliminary diagnosis. We evaluated two metrics: preliminary (IOC) result review in the EHR by clinicians and postanalytic errors.

Results
We assessed 2,886 IOC orders from the first 22 months after implementation. Clinicians reviewed 1,956 (68%) of the IOC results while in preliminary status, including 1,399 (48%) within the first 24 hours. We evaluated 150 cases preimplementation and 300 cases postimplementation for discrepancies between the pathologist’s IOC result and the IOC result recorded by the surgeon in the operative note. Discrepancies dropped from 12 of 150 preimplementation to 6 of 150 and 7 of 150 in postimplementation years 1 and 2. One of the 25 discrepancies had a major clinical impact.

Conclusions
Real-time reporting of IOC results to the EHR reliably transmits results immediately to clinical teams. This strategy reduces but does not eliminate postanalytic interpretive errors by clinical teams.
Nemo-like kinase reduces mutant huntingtin levels and mitigates Huntington’s disease
Authors: Jiang Mali , Zhang Xiaoyan , Liu Hongshuai , LeBron Jared , Alexandris Athanasios , Peng Qi , Gu Hao , Yang Fanghan , Li Yuchen , Wang Ruiling , Hou Zhipeng , Arbez Nicolas , Ren Qianwei , Dong Jen-Li , Whela Emma , Wang Ronald , Ratovitski Tamara , Troncoso Juan C , Mori Susumu , Ross Christopher A , Lim Janghoo , Duan Wenzhen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK), an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase, is highly expressed in the brain, but its function in the adult brain remains not well understood. In this study, we identify NLK as an interactor of huntingtin protein (HTT). We report that NLK levels are significantly decreased in HD human brain and HD models. Importantly, overexpression of NLK in the striatum attenuates brain atrophy, preserves striatal DARPP32 levels and reduces mutant HTT (mHTT) aggregation in HD mice. In contrast, genetic reduction of NLK exacerbates brain atrophy and loss of DARPP32 in HD mice. Moreover, we demonstrate that NLK lowers mHTT levels in a kinase activity-dependent manner, while having no significant effect on normal HTT protein levels in mouse striatal cells, human cells and HD mouse models. The NLK-mediated lowering of mHTT is associated with enhanced phosphorylation of mHTT. Phosphorylation defective mutation of serine at amino acid 120 (S120) abolishes the mHTT-lowering effect of NLK, suggesting that S120 phosphorylation is an important step in the NLK-mediated lowering of mHTT. A further mechanistic study suggests that NLK promotes mHTT ubiquitination and degradation via the proteasome pathway. Taken together, our results indicate a protective role of NLK in HD and reveal a new molecular target to reduce mHTT levels.
Deletion of the Impg2 gene causes the degeneration of rod and cone cells in mice
Authors: Xu Huijuan , Qu Chao , Gan Li , Sun Kuanxiang , Tan Junkai , Liu Xuyang , Jiang Zhilin , Tian Wanli , Liu Wenjing , Zhang Shanshan , Yang Yeming , Jiang Li , Zhu Xianjun , Zhang Lin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Variants in interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycans (IMPG2) have been reported in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD) patients. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive due to a lack of suitable disease models. We developed two independent Impg2 knockout (KO) mouse models using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to assess the in vivo functions of Impg2 in the retina. Impg2 ablation in mice recapitulated the RP phenotypes of patients, including an attenuated electroretinogram (ERG) response and the progressive degeneration of photoreceptors. The histopathological examination of Impg2-KO mice revealed irregularly arranged rod cells and mislocalized rhodopsin protein in the inner segment at 6 months of age. In addition to the pathological changes in rod cells, cone cells were also affected in KO retinas. KO retinas exhibited progressive cone cell death and impaired cone cell elongation. Further immunoblotting analysis revealed increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins, including C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein (BIP) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), in Impg2-KO mouse retinas. Increased gliosis and apoptotic cell death were also observed in the KO retinas. As autophagy is closely associated with ER stress, we then checked whether autophagy was disturbed in Impg2-KO mouse retinas. The results showed that autophagy was impaired in KO retinas, as revealed by the increased accumulation of SQSTM1 and other proteins involved in autophagy. Our results demonstrate the essential roles of Impg2 in the retina, and this study provides novel models for mechanistic investigations and development of therapies for RP caused by IMPG2 mutations.
The braking index of PSR B0540−69 and the associated pulsar wind nebula emission after spin-down rate transition
Authors: Wang L J , Ge M Y , Wang J S , Weng S S , Tong H , Yan L L , Zhang S N , Dai Z G , Song L M 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
In 2011 December, PSR B054−69 experienced a spin-down rate transition (SRT), after which the spin-down power of the pulsar increased by $\sim 36{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. About 1000 d after the SRT, the X-ray luminosity of the associated pulsar wind nebula (PWN) was found to brighten by $32\pm 8{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. After the SRT, the braking index n of PSR B0540−69 changes from n = 2.12 to 0.03 and then keeps this value for about five years before rising to n = 0.9 in the following years. We find that most of the current models have difficulties in explaining the measured braking index. One exceptive model of the braking index evolution is the increasing dipole magnetic field of PSR B0540−69. We suggest that the field increase may result from some instabilities within the pulsar core that enhance the poloidal component at the price of toroidal component of the magnetic field. The increasing dipole magnetic field will result in the X-ray brightening of the PWN. We fit the PWN X-ray light curve by two models: one assumes a constant magnetic field within the PWN during the brightening and the other assumes an enhanced magnetic field proportional to the energy density of the PWN. It appears that the two models fit the data well, though the later model seems to fit the data a bit better. This provides marginal observational evidence that magnetic field in the PWN is generated by the termination shock. Future high-quality and high-cadence data are required to draw a solid conclusion.
Location and stability of distant retrograde orbits around the Moon
Authors: Pires P , Winter O C 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Recently has grown the interest of placing natural or artificial objects in the neighbourhood of the Moon. We numerically investigate a region of retrograde orbits around the Moon associated with the C Family of periodic orbits and the quasi-periodic orbits that oscillate around them (Broucke 1968; Winter 2000). We have given continuity to Winter (2000) investigations by introducing a more realistic dynamical scenario, one based on the four-body Sun–Earth–Moon–particle problem. Our results showed that the region of stability diminished to approximately 4 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, the original size encountered for the circular-restricted three-body problem (CRTBP), mainly due to the Sun’s gravitational perturbations. None the less, the size of the region continues to be significant and we were able to found distant retrograde orbits (DROs) around the Moon with eccentricity following e = 2.259 63 × 10−6a + 0.238 45 (standard error of 1 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) and semimajor axis values of the initial osculating orbits, varying between 110 000 and 185 000 km, remaining stable for a time span of 104 lunar periods. This set of distant orbits from the Moon are characterized by a narrow range of acceptable initial positions (0.8–0.83) and velocities of ∼0.5, in the rotating Earth–Moon frame. The out of plane amplitude oscillations of $\pm 15\, 000$ km presented by these DROs are a natural outcome of the significant Moon’s inclination of 5.15°. Some results presented on this work can be useful for lunar missions, such as the ones that would require prolonged stays around the satellite and use stable distant orbits as ‘parking’ orbits, such as the advanced concepts of NASA’s Asteroid Redirect Mission, proposed a few years ago.
How runaway stars boost galactic outflows
Authors: Andersson Eric P , Agertz Oscar , Renaud Florent 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Roughly 10 per cent of OB stars are kicked out of their natal clusters before ending their life as supernovae. These so-called runaway stars can travel hundreds of parsecs into the low-density interstellar medium, where momentum and energy from stellar feedback is efficiently deposited. In this work, we explore how this mechanism affects large-scale properties of the galaxy, such as outflows. To do so we use a new model that treats OB stars and their associated feedback processes on a star-by-star basis. With this model, we compare two hydrodynamical simulations of Milky Way-like galaxies, one where we include runaways, and one where we ignore them. Including runaway stars leads to twice as many supernovae explosions in regions with gas densities ranging from $10^{-5}\, \mathrm{\,cm^{-3}}$ to $10^{-3}\, \mathrm{\,cm^{-3}}$. This results in more efficient heating of the inter-arm regions, and drives strong galactic winds with mass loading factors boosted by up to one order of magnitude. These outflows produce a more massive and extended multiphase circumgalactic medium, as well as a population of dense clouds in the halo. Conversely, since less energy and momentum is released in the dense star-forming regions, the cold phase of the interstellar medium is less disturbed by feedback effects.
Electric heating and angular momentum transport in laminar models of protoplanetary discs
Authors: Béthune William , Latter Henrik 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The vertical temperature structure of a protoplanetary disc bears on several processes relevant to planet formation, such as gas and dust grain chemistry, ice lines, and convection. The temperature profile is controlled by irradiation from the central star and by any internal source of heat such as might arise from gas accretion. We investigate the heat and angular momentum transport generated by the resistive dissipation of magnetic fields in laminar discs. We use local 1D simulations to obtain vertical temperature profiles for typical conditions in the inner disc (0.5–4 au). Using simple assumptions for the gas ionization and opacity, the heating and cooling rates are computed self-consistently in the framework of radiative non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics. We characterize steady solutions that are symmetric about the mid-plane and which may be associated with saturated Hall-shear unstable modes. We also examine the dissipation of electric currents driven by global accretion-ejection structures. In both cases we obtain significant heating for a sufficiently high opacity. Strong magnetic fields can induce an order-unity temperature increase in the disc mid-plane, a convectively unstable entropy profile, and a surface emissivity equivalent to a viscous heating of α ∼ 10−2. These results show how magnetic fields may drive efficient accretion and heating in weakly ionized discs where turbulence might be inefficient, at least for a range of radii and ages of the disc.
A kinematically hot population of young stars in the solar neighbourhood
Authors: Binks A S , Jeffries R D , Wright N J 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
In the last three decades several hundred nearby members of young stellar moving groups (MGs) have been identified, but there has been less systematic effort to quantify or characterize young stars that do not belong to previously identified MGs. Using a kinematically unbiased sample of 225 lithium-rich stars within 100 pc, we find that only 50 ± 10 per cent of young (≲125 Myr), low-mass (0.5 &lt; M/M⊙ &lt; 1.0) stars, are kinematically associated with known MGs. Whilst we find some evidence that five of the non-MG stars may be connected with the Lower Centaurus–Crux association, the rest form a kinematically ‘hotter’ population, much more broadly dispersed in velocity, and with no obvious concentrations in space. The mass distributions of the MG members and non-MG stars are similar, but the non-MG stars may be older on average. We briefly discuss several explanations for the origin of the non-MG population.
Systematic versus statistical uncertainties in masses and magnifications of the Hubble Frontier Fields
Authors: Raney Catie A , Keeton Charles R , Brennan Sean , Fan Hsin 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The Hubble Frontier Fields data, along with multiple data sets obtained by other telescopes, have provided some of the most extensive constraints on cluster lenses to date. Multiple lens modelling teams analyzed the fields and made public a number of deliverables. By comparing these results, we can then undertake a unique and vital test of the state of cluster lens modelling. Specifically, we see how well the different teams can reproduce similar magnifications and mass profiles. We find that the circularly averaged mass profiles of the fields are remarkably constrained (scatter $\lt 5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) at distances of 1 arcmin from the cluster core, yet magnifications can vary significantly. Averaged across the six fields, we find a bias of −6 per  cent (−17 per cent) and a scatter of ∼40 per cent (∼65 per cent) at a modest magnification of 3 (10). Statistical errors reported by individual teams are often significantly smaller than the differences among all the teams, indicating the importance of continued systematics studies in cluster lensing.
Exploring EEG Spectral Patterns in Episodic and Chronic Migraine During the Interictal State: Determining Frequencies of Interest in the Resting State
Authors: Gomez-Pilar Javier , García-Azorín David , Gomez-Lopez-de-San-Roman Claudia , Guerrero Ángel L , Hornero Roberto 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
The analysis of particular (electroencephalographic) EEG frequency bands has revealed new insights relative to the neural dynamics that, when studying the EEG spectrum as a whole, would have remained hidden. This study is aimed at characterizing spectral resting state EEG patterns for assessing possible differences of episodic and chronic migraine during the interictal period. For that purpose, a novel methodology for analyzing specific frequencies of interest was performed.

Methods
Eighty-seven patients with migraine (45 with episodic and 42 with chronic migraine) and 39 age- and sex-matched controls performed a resting-state EEG recording. Spectral measures were computed using conventional frequency bands. Additionally, particular frequency bands were determined to distinguish between controls and migraine patients, as well as between migraine subgroups.

Results
Frequencies ranging from 11.6 Hz to 12.8 Hz characterized migraine as a whole, with differences evident in the central and left parietal regions (controlling for false discovery rate). An additional band between 24.1 Hz and 29.8 Hz was used to discriminate between migraine subgroups. Interestingly, the power in this band was positively correlated with time from onset in episodic migraine, but no correlation was found for chronic migraine.

Conclusions
Specific frequency bands were proposed to identify the spectral characteristics of the electrical brain activity in migraine during the interictal stage. Our findings support the importance of discriminating between migraine subgroups to avoid hiding relevant features in migraine.
Tuberculosis in Children
Authors: Frederick Katherine 
Published: March 2020

Background
The rate of tuberculosis and other crowding diseases is increasing in vulnerable populations worldwide. Limited resources, shared environments, and densely populated areas are factors in the spreading of disease.

Method
Via case study analysis, the author explores how the presence of tuberculosis-positive patients is handled in the emergency room and their journey to the operating room.

Results
A solutions-oriented approach is suggested along with a discussion of the value and importance of adequate personal protective equipment and the consideration of using an augmented technology to aid in the prevention of environmental contamination.
Serum neurofilament light chain predicts long-term prognosis in Guillain-Barré syndrome patients
Authors: Martín-Aguilar Lorena , Camps-Renom Pol , Lleixà Cinta , Pascual-Goñi Elba , Diaz-Manera Jordi , Rojas-García Ricard , de Luna Noemí , Gallardo Eduard , Cortés-Vicente Elena , Muñoz Laia , Alcolea Daniel , Lleó Alberto , Casasnovas Carlos , Homedes Christian , Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Gerardo , Jimeno-Montero María Concepción , Berciano José , Sedano Tous Maria José , Garcia-Sobrino Tania , Pardo-Fernandez Julio , Márquez-Infante Celedonio , Rojas-Marcos Iñigo , Pascual Ivonne Jericó , Martínez-Hernández Eugenia , de la Tassa Germán Morís , Domínguez-González Cristina , Illa Isabel , Querol Luis 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo study baseline serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels as a prognostic biomarker in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).MethodsWe measured NfL using SiMoA in serum (98 samples) and CSF (24 samples) of GBS patients prospectively included in the International GBS Outcome Study (IGOS) in Spain and compared them with controls (HC). We performed multivariable regression to analyze the association between sNfL levels and functional outcome at one year.ResultsGBS patients had higher NfL levels than HC in serum (55.49pg/mL vs 9.13pg/mL, p<0,0001) and CSF (1308.5pg/mL vs 440.24pg/mL, p=0.034). Patients with preceding diarrhea had higher sNfL than patients with respiratory symptoms or no preceding infection (134.90pg/mL vs 47.86pg/mL vs 38.02pg/mL, p=0.016). sNfL levels correlated with GDS and R-ODS scales. Patients with pure motor variant and Miller- Fisher syndrome showed higher sNfL levels than patients with sensory-motor GBS (162.18pg/mL vs 95.50pg/mL vs 38.02pg/mL; p=0.025). AMAN patients had higher sNfL levels than other variants (190.55pg/mL vs 46.79pg/mL, p=0.013). sNfL returned to normal levels at one year. High baseline sNfL levels were associated with inability to run (OR=1.65, 95% CI 1.14-2.40, p=0.009) and lower R-ODS (β −2.60, 95% β −4.66-(−0.54), p=0.014) at one year. Cut-off points predicting clinically relevant outcomes at one year with high specificity were calculated: inability to walk independently (>319pg/mL), inability to run (>248pg/mL) and ability to run (<34pg/mL).ConclusionBaseline sNfL levels are increased in patients with GBS, they are associated with disease severity and axonal variants and they have an independent prognostic value in GBS patients.
Structure of the ForT/PRPP complex uncovers the mechanism of C-C bond formation in C-nucleotide antibiotic biosynthesis
Authors: Gao Sisi , Radadiya Ashish , Li Wenbo , Liu Huanting , Zhu Wen , de Crécy-Lagard Valérie , Richards Nigel G. J. , Naismith James H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractC-C bond formation is at the heart of anabolism and organic chemistry, but relatively few enzymatic strategies for catalyzing this reaction are known. The enzyme ForT catalyzes C-C bond formation between 5’-phosphoribosyl-1’-pyrophosphate (PRPP) and 4-amino-1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate to make a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of the C-nucleotide formycin A 5’-phosphate; we now report the 2.5 Å resolution structure of the ForT/PRPP complex and thus locate the active site. Site-directed mutagenesis has identified those residues critical for PRPP recognition and catalysis. Structural conservation with GHMP kinases suggests that stabilization of the negatively charged pyrophosphate leaving group is crucial for catalysis in ForT. A mechanism for this new class of C-C bond forming enzymes is proposed.Entry for the Table of ContentsA new class of enzymes catalyse C-C bond formation by irreversible CO2and pyrophosphate production.
SARS-CoV-2 detection from nasopharyngeal swab samples without RNA extraction
Authors: Beltrán-Pavez Carolina , Márquez Chantal L. , Muñoz Gabriela , Valiente-Echeverría Fernando , Gaggero Aldo , Soto-Rifo Ricardo , Barriga Gonzalo P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has reached more than 200 countries and territories worldwide. Given the large requirement of SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and considering that RNA extraction kits are in short supply, we investigated whether two commercial RT-qPCR kits were compatible with direct SARS-CoV-2 detection from nasopharyngeal swab samples. We show that one of the tested kits is fully compatible with direct SARS-CoV-2 detection suggesting that omission of an RNA extraction step should be considered in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis.