bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorimetric Deoxyribonucleic Acid Hybridization Assay for Rapid Screening of Salmonella in Foods: Collaborative Study
Authors: Curiale Michael S , Klatt Mary Joan , Mozola Mark A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was performed in 11 laboratories to validate a colorimetric DNA hybridization (DNAH) method for rapid detection of Salmonella in foods. The method was compared to the standard culture method for detection of Salmonella in nonfat dry milk, milk chocolate, soy isolate, dried whole egg, ground black pepper, and raw ground turkey. Samples inoculated with high (0.4-2 cells/g) and low (0.04-0.2 cells/g) levels of Salmonella and uninoculated control samples were included in each food group analyzed. There was no significant difference in the proportion of samples positive by DNAH and culture procedure for any of the 6 foods. The colorimetric DNA hybridization assay screening method has been adopted official first action as a rapid screening method for detection of Salmonella in all foods.
Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in Corn and Peanut Products: Collaborative Study
Authors: Park Douglas L , Nesheim Stanley , Trucksess Mary W , Stack Michael E , Newell Richard F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study of a liquid chromatographic method for the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 was conducted in laboratories located in the United States, Canada, South Africa, and Switzerland. Twenty-one artificially contaminated raw peanuts, peanut butter, and corn samples containing varying amounts of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 were distributed to participating laboratories. The test portion was extracted with methanol-0.1N HCl ( 4 + 1 ) , filtered, defatted with hexane, and then partitioned with methylene chloride. The concentrated extract was passed through a silica gel column. Aflatoxins B1 and G1 were derivatized with trifluoroacetic acid, and the individual aflatoxins were determined by reverse-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Statistical analysis of the data was performed to determine or confirm outliers, and to compute repeatability and reproducibility of the method. For corn, relative standard deviations for repeatability (RSDr) for anatoxin B1 ranged from 27.2 to 8.3% for contamination levels from 5 through 50 ng/g. For raw peanuts and peanut butter, RSDr values for aflatoxin Bi were 35.0 to 41.2% and 11.2 to 19.1 %, respectively, for contamination levels from 5 through 25 ng/g. RSDr values for aflatoxins B2, G1, and G2 were similar. Relative standard deviations for reproducibility (RSDR) for aflatoxin B1 ranged from 15.8 to 38.4%, 24.4 to 33.4%, and 43.9 to 54.0% for corn, peanut butter, and raw peanuts, respectively. The method has been adopted official first action for the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in peanut butter and corn at concentrations ≥13 ng total aflatoxlns/g.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of 5-(Methylamino)-2-Phenyl-4-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(2H)-Furanone in Soil
Authors: Mueller Thomas C , Banks Philip A , Bush Parshall B , Steen William C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid, sensitive method is described for the determination of5-(methylamlno)-2-phenyl-4-[3-(trlfluoromethyl)phenyl]-3- (2M)-furanone (RE-40885) concentrations in 3 soil types. The method consists of extraction of soil samples with methanol, filtration, liquid chromatographic separation of methanolsoluble components using a C18 column, and UV detection at 275 nm. Recoveries were 94, 96, and 94% from the Greenville, Cecil, and Dothan soils, respectively. Average relative standard deviation was 8.0% in the Greenville soil. The qualitative limit of detection was 20 ppb and the limit of quantitation was 40 ppb in 25 g soil samples.
Liquid Chromatographic Approaches to Antibiotic Residue Analysis
Authors: Moats William A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Liquid chromatography has been widely used for determination of antibiotics and other drugs In formulations and in biological fluids for clinical tests. Application to residue analysis is more difficult because of the need for higher sensitivity and isolation from complex biological substrates. Numerous LC methods for chloramphenicol and sulfonamides have been described. LC methods are beginning to be described for residues of other antibiotics. Several approaches have been used for extraction of residues from food substrates. Residues have been cleaned up and concentrated by using partitioning and/or solid-phase extraction. With some residues, cleanup and analysis can be done In the LC system. LC offers considerable potential for rapid, automated residue analysis.
Survey of Lead and Cadmium in Adult Canned Foods Eaten by Young Children
Authors: Capar Stephen G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A U.S. Food and Drug Administration survey of lead and cadmium in 10 adult canned foods commonly eaten by children less than 5 years old was conducted between October 1981 and September 1985. The survey, which Included foods preserved by a commercial canning process and packaged in metal containers, found the highest mean levels of lead (0.32 μg/g) In tuna and of cadmium (0.02 /μg/g) In tuna and tomatoes. Lead levels In foods packaged in lead-soldered cans were about 5 times as high as those In foods packaged in nonlead-soldered cans. Mean lead levels appeared to decline over the 4 years of the study. Cadmium levels were usually below the data reporting limit (0.01 μg/g).
Karl Fischer Determination of Moisture in Soft-Moist Pet Foods: Collaborative Study
Authors: Schulze Roy E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Twelve collaborators participated in a study of a Karl Fischer method for determination of moisture in soft-moist, commercially available pet foods. The method avoids the erroneous high results noted In other methods (vacuum drying, toluene distillation, and drying at 135°C) when volatile components other than moisture, such as propylene glycol, are present. The standard deviations for repeatability (sr) and reproducibility (sR) were 0.3 and 0.4, respectively. The corresponding relative standard deviations (RSDr and RSDR) were 1.1 and 1.7%, respectively. The method has been approved interim official first action by AOAC.
Ion-Exchange Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Nitrate and Nitrite in Biological Fluids
Authors: Lippsmeyer Brian C , Tracy Mark L , MÖLLER Gregory 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid, ion-exchange liquid chromatographic method for the determination of nitrate and nitrite In biological fluids is presented. Samples are deprotelnated by ultrafiltration followed by removal of chloride using a silver form cationexchange resin. Nitrate and nitrite are measured by Ionexchange liquid chromatography with conductivity detection. Recoveries from serum, ocular fluid, and water were determined for fortifications from 10 to 150 mg/L. Average recoveries ranged from 96 to 104% for nitrate and from 89 to 105% for nitrite. Pooled RSD values ranged between 1.5 and 1.9% for these analytes In all matrixes examined. The method of Joint confidence hexagons was applied to the data to determine constant and relative bias of the method for each of the 3 matrixes in the study
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Total Niacin in Beef, Semolina, and Cottage Cheese
Authors: Tyler Theodore A , Genzale Judith A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A sensitive and precise liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of total niacin in beef, semolina, and cottage cheese. The samples are extracted with Ca(OH)2, cleaned up using C18 Sep-Pak cartridges, and chromatographed on a C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of 23% acetonltrlle, 0.10% H3P04, and 0.10% sodium dodecyl sulfate In water. Niacin is detected using an absorbance detector operating at 254 nm. This chromatographic system produces an unusually sharp peak for niacin, enabling a detection limit of approximately 0.05 mg/100 g. The mean recovery was 99.5 % and the coefficients of variation for beef, semolina, and cottage cheese were 3.58,1.02, and 10.0%, respectively
Use of Detergents in the Analysis of Fibrous Feeds. I. Preparation of Fiber Residues of Low Nitrogen Content
Authors: Soest P J Van 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Anionic, cationic, and nonionic detergents in different buffering media were examined for their capacity to dissolve nitrogenous constituents in forage dry matter, in the interest of preparing fiber of a low nitrogen content. Of the combinations examined, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in strongly acid solution and sodium lauryl sulfate in slightly alkaline solutions appeared most effective.
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Different Indian Cereals, Pulses, Spices, Vegetables, Fruits, Milk, Butter, Deshi Ghee, and Edible Oils
Authors: Kaphalia Bhupendra S , Takroo Renu , Mehrotra Suman , Nigam Usha , Seth Tejeshwar D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A total of 244 samples of cereals (wheat flour, rice, and maize), pulses (arhar, moong, gram, lentil, and black gram), spices (turmeric, chili, coriander, and black pepper), vegetables (potato, onion, spinach, cabbage, brinjal, and tomato), fruits (mango, guava, apple, and grape), milk, butter, DeshI ghee, and edible oils (vegetable, mustard, groundnut, and sesame) collected from different cities of Northern Province (Utter Pradesh) were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography for the presence of organochlorine pesticide residues. Residues of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 2,2-bls(p-chlorophenyl)- 1,1,1-trlchloroethane (DDT) were detected In about 85% of the total samples of cereals, spices, milk, butter, DeshI ghee, and edible oils analyzed in the present study. However, the residue levels were either very small (&lt;0.06 ppm) or not detected at all In pulses, vegetables, and fruits as compared with very high concentrations In wheat flour (4.42 and 0.12 ppm), butter (1.19 and 4.85 ppm), mustard oil (1.26 and 2.42 ppm), DeshI ghee (1.10 and 3.84 ppm), vegetable oil (1.02 and 0.59 ppm), groundnut oil (0.51 and 1.49 ppm), and chili (0.48 and 1.92 ppm). The levels of HCH and DDT residues detected in rice, maize, turmeric, coriander, black pepper, and all the vegetables and fruits were also lower than those found In wheat flour, oil, and fat samples analyzed In the present study. These findings suggest that a restricted and controlled use of such persistent pesticides may be useful for decreasing their contamination levels In different food Items.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Catecholamine Drugs Using Metaperiodate
Authors: El-Kommos Michael E , Mohamed Fardos A , Khedr Ala'a S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of Isoprenaline salts, levodopa, dopamine hydrochloride, and dobutamine hydrochloride, either In the drug substances or In pharmaceutical formulations, Is described. The method is based on the development of orange, red, or violet products with sodium metaperiodate in an aqueous alcoholic medium. The reaction is suggested to proceed via oxidative cyclizatlon of the catecholamine to form an amlnochrome. The wavelengths of maximum absorption range from 465 to 520 nm. The structure of the cyclization product was confirmed by ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and microanalysis data.
Spectrofluorometric Determination of Histamine in Fish and Meat Products
Authors: Vidal-Carou María Del Carmen , Veciana-Nogués María Teresa , Mariné-Font Abel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method has been developed for spectrofluorometric determination of histamine in fish and meat products. After a perchloric extract Is obtained from samples, histamine Is extracted with n-butanol and transferred to hydrochloric acid. Finally, histamine Is subjected to a condensation reaction with o-phthalaldehyde (OPT). The method was tested for lack of interference from other amines. Precision of the method In fish products was 6.60% CV; recovery was 96.50%. In meat products, precision was 5.42% CV; recovery was 96.20%. By analysis of variance (P = 0.05), no significant statistical differences were found for recovery values vs histamine content In both foods.
Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Cyfluthrin in Technical and Formulated Products
Authors: Slahck Stephen C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic method for determination of cyfluthrin (Baythrold®, Tempo®) diastereomers In technical and formulated products has been developed. Samples are dissolved in dloxane-hexane and analyzed by normal-phase liquid chromatography using acetophenone as an internal standard. The method Is applicable to technical Baythrold, Baythrold 2 EC, Tempo 20 WP, and granular formulations. The method separates all 4 diastereomers of cyfluthrin and all impurities in less than 19 mln.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Acifluorfen in Soil and Water
Authors: Gennari Mara , Negre Michèle , Cignetti Alessandro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An analytical method based on the use of a liquid chromatograph equipped with a UV detector was developed for the determination of acifluorfen In soil and water. Acifluorfen was extracted from soil In methanol-0.10N NaOH (80 + 20 v/ v) and from water by partition with dlchloromethane. Solvent partitioning and solid-phase extraction were used to separate acifluorfen from major Interfering sample components. Average recoveries from soil at 1, 0.1, and 0.01 ppm fortification levels were 95.1 ± 3.4,92.6 ± 2.9, and 73.9 ± 3.0%, respectively. Recoveries from water spiked at levels from 0.01 to 1 ppm averaged 96.5 ± 5.4%. Method limits of detection were 0.006 ppm in soil and 0.003 ppm In water.
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Serum Zinc: Collaborative Study
Authors: Perry Dana F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for determining serum zinc concentrations was collaboratively studied by 9 laboratories. Serum samples In polypropylene tubes are directly diluted with 0.03% Brij 35, and zinc is determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). A certified standard reference material serves as an external control. Repeatability relative standard deviations (RSDr) were 1.2 and 11.4% and reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSDR) were 6.1 and 12.9% for serum zinc concentrations of 6.36 and 0.63 μg/mL, respectively. The method has been approved Interim official first action by AOAC.
Precision Parameters of Methods of Analysis Required for Nutrition Labeling. Part I. Major Nutrients
Authors: Horwitz William , Albert Richard , Deutsch Mike J , Thompson Neville J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Major components of foods and feeds are fat, protein, and carbohydrates. Fat and protein are determined by direct measurements that are Interpreted as the quantity of the constituent. Carbohydrates are usually calculated by difference. For this calculation, values for molsture/sollds, ash, and "fiber" are also needed. The readily available collaborative studies for the determination of these major components are reviewed In an attempt to assign precision parameters to validated methods of analysis. When a number of studies for the same analyte, In the same food, by the same method are available, It Is seen that the precision parameters among laboratories (standard deviations, SR; relative standard deviations, RSDR) and the ISO maximum tolerable difference functions (repeatability value, r; reproducibility value, R) are not characterized by any conventional distribution. The precision data are best summarized as a median or average parameter and the Interval containing the centermost 90% of reported values. Typically, the precision of methods of analysis can be expressed as a function of concentration only, independent of analyte, matrix, and method. The average RSDR value from each collaborative data set can then be used as the numerator In a ratio containing, as the denominator, the value calculated from the Horwitz equation: RSDR = 2 exp (1 — 0.5 log C) where C Is the concentration as a decimal fraction. A series of ratios consistently above 1, and especially above 2, probably Indicates that a method Is unacceptable with respect to precision. By this criterion, only the protein (KJeldahl) determination Is unqualifiedly acceptable with a 90% interval for RSDR of 1 to 3% at C values above about 0.01 (1 g/100 g). Fat, moisture/solids, and ash are acceptable down to limiting concentrations In the region of 1 to 5 g/100 g, If a test portion large enough to provide at least 50 mg of welghable residue or volatlles Is specified. Measurements of Individual carbohydrates and fiber-related analytes have unexpectedly poor precisions among laboratories. The variability, although high, may still be suitable for nutrition labeling. Reliability of analyses for the control of labeling of the primary nutrients must be achieved through quality assurance programs that require strict adherence to the directions of empirical methods and the use of suitable reference materials for absolute methods.
Evaluation of APHA and AOACII Methods for Phosphatase in Butter and Differentiation of Milk and Microbial Phosphatases by Agarose-Gel Electrophoresis*
Authors: Murthy Gopala K , Kaylor Lawrence O 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Salted and unsalted butters with 3 levels of phosphatase were prepared with both raw and pasteurized cream containing 36% fat. Test samples were analyzed for phosphatase by the modified method of the American Public Health Association (APHA) and the official AOAC method, 16.256 (1984, 14th Ed., 1990 15th Ed., 946.02). In the APHA method, weighing of solid frozen butter for testing yielded repeatable results. Addition of 0.0-1.0 mg magnesium to the butter had little effect on phosphatase activity In the APHA modified rapid colorlmetrlc method (MRCM), but caused the phosphatase activity to decrease In the AOAC method. Phosphatase In salted and unsalted butters was quite stable at —17 ± 1°C and at 3.0 ± 0.5°C; however, within 2 to 4 days, freshly prepared butters stored at 22 ± 1°C developed reactivated and/or microbial phosphatases that were both heat-labile and heat-stable. At 22 ± 1°C, frozen butters showed decreased milk phosphatase activity before producing microbial phosphatase. Heat-labile phosphatases in salted and unsalted butters were Inactivated at 62.8 °C for 10 mln, and the phosphatase lability was partially due to the heat-denaturing effect of NaCI In salted butter. Some heat-stable phosphatases In unsalted butter survived at 66°C for 30 mln. Differentiation of milk phosphatase from microbial phosphatases was difficult by both methods; however, they were successfully differentiated by the agarose-gel electrophoretlc technique.
Dry Calibration Milks for Infrared Milk Analyzers
Authors: Van De Voort Frederick R. , Elkashef Abdel A , Mills Bernice L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A study has been carried out to determine the practicality of formulating dry, stable calibration milk powders for calibration of infrared milk analyzers for routine quality control purposes in commercial dairies. The powders are based on dairy Ingredients and are reconstituted to produce calibration milks that cover a wide range of fat, protein, and lactose composition combinations. The butterfat component included emulsifiers to aid in reconstituting the powders and to stabilize resulting emulsions. Reconstitute was carried out on a weight/weight basis using a top-loading balance and mixing with a simple hand-held, electric household mixer. The reconstitutlon procedure produced stable emulsions and was shown to be repeatable to within the accuracy specifications of Infrared instrumentation. The calibration results obtained with the powders relative to reference calibration milks purchased from the Central Milk Testing Laboratory (CMTL) In Guelph, Ontario, were excellent, and generally met AOAC specifications for Instrument calibration. In addition, the reconstituted milks had excellent emulsion stability to prolonged holding at 40°C and produced consistent results when analyzed over a 21-day period, showing no signs of spoilage when preserved with potassium dlchromate and refrigerated when not In use. The powders were deemed adequate for calibration of Infrared milk analyzers used for routine, In-plant, quality control purposes and would be a convenient alternative for CMTL calibration milks shipped by courier.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate in Pharmaceuticals: Collaborative Study
Authors: Carlson Marvin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for the determination of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) In pharmaceutical formulations and the bulk drug triturate was evaluated in an Interlaboratory study that Included 12 participating laboratories. The procedure Involves extraction of the active ingredient with mobile phase, followed by filtration of the extract and reverse-phase liquid chromatography using an octadecylsllane bonded phase column and UV detection at 230 nm. The mobile phase composition Is 35% water In acetonltrlle (v/v). Three bulk drug samples (20, 20, and 35% PETN), 2 commercial tablet formulations (20 and 80 mg PETN/tablet), and 1 commercial capsule formulation (45 mg PETN/capsule) were analyzed In duplicate by the proposed method. Repeatability (sr, RSDr) and reproducibility (sR, RSDR) based on peak height measurement for these samples ranged from 0.0066 to 0.1806 (0.53-3.36%) and 0.0165 to 0.2075 (0.76- 3.86%), respectively. Results for peak area measurements ranged from 0.0145 to 0.2011 (0.93-3.74%) and 0.0231 to 0.2091 (1.28-3.89%), respectively. The method has been approved Interim official first action by AOAC.
Gas Chromatographic Method for Determination of p,p'-DDT in DDT Technical and Formulated Products: Collaborative Study
Authors: Mount Dwight L , Churchill Frederick C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas chromatographic (GC) method for determination of p,//-DDT In technical and formulated products was developed and It performed well in an initial small collaborative study among 4 laboratories. Samples are dissolved in chloroform, and p,p'-DDT is separated on an OV-210 column and determined by GC analysis with flame Ionization detection. 2,2'-Dlnltroblphenyl Is used as an Internal standard. The method was subjected to an International collaborative study with 10 participating laboratories. Collaborators received matched pairs of technical DDT products and of water-dlsperslble powder, emulslflable concentrate, and dustable powder formulations. Relative standard deviations for reproducibility (RSDR) for the paired samples were 1.16, 1.48, 2.08, and 1.80%, respectively. The method has been approved Interim official first action by AOAC as a CIPACAOAC method.
Determination of Pyrantel in Swine Liver by Flame Ionization Gas Chromatography and Confirmation by Gas Chromatography /Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Tai Susan S.C , Cargile Nancy , Barnes Charlie J , Kijak Philip 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
During an evaluation of the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) confirmatory procedure of Lynch and Bartoluccl for pyrantel residues in swine tissues, we developed a GC flame Ionization method for quantltatlng pyrantel residues In extracts of swine liver. The method was subjected to trial principally In the laboratories of Biospherics, Inc., using control liver, fortified control liver, and Incurred liver tissue samples. Although the method does not meet all of the current Food and Drug Administration criteria, it compares favorably to the official determinative method. Portions of the same extract can be used for quantitation and for GC/MS confirmation, true recoveries appear to be slightly higher, and an internal standard Is not required. The precision of this method equals or exceeds that of the official determinative method.