bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple hypertrophic tonsils have more active innate immune and inflammatory responses than hypertrophic tonsils with recurrent inflammation in children
Authors: Huang Qun , Hua Hu , Li Wei , Chen Xi , Cheng Lei 
Published: June 2020

Background Tonsil hypertrophy has negative impact on children's health, but its pathogenesis remains obscure despite the fact that numerous bacteriological studies have been carried out. Understanding the innate immune and inflammatory states of hypertrophic tonsils with different clinical manifestations is of great significance for defining the pathogenesis of tonsil hypertrophy and establishing treatment strategies. The present study was undertaken to examine the characteristics of innate immunity and inflammation in children with hypertrophic palatine tonsils and different clinical manifestations. Methods Tonsil tissues were surgically removed from the patients and classified based on the patients’ clinical manifestations. The patients were divided into three groups: 1) Control group; 2) Tonsil Hypertrophy (TH) group; and 3) Tonsil Hypertrophy combined with Recurrent Infection (TH + RI) group. The immune and inflammatory statuses of these tissues were characterized using qRT-PCR and ELISA methods. Results Viral protein 1 (VP1) was highly expressed in TH group, but not in TH + RI group. In TH group, elevated expression was observed in the innate immune mediators, including retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), interferon alpha (IFN-α), mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and TLR7. Consistent with the innate immune profile, the expression of inflammatory markers (IL-1β, NF-κB and IL-7) was also significantly elevated in TH group. Meanwhile, the COX-2/PGE2/EP4 signaling pathway was found to be involved in the inflammatory response and the formation of fibroblasts. Conclusions Innate immune and inflammatory responses are more active in simple hypertrophic tonsils, rather than hypertrophic tonsils with recurrent inflammation. A local relative immune deficiency in the hypertrophic tonsils may be a causative factor for recurrent tonsillitis in TH + RI. These differences, together with the patient's clinical manifestations, suggest that tonsillar hypertrophy might be regulated by diverse immune and/or inflammatory mechanism through which novel therapeutic strategies might be created.
33% hydrogen peroxide as a Neoadjuvant treatment in the surgical excision of non-melanoma skin cancers: A case series
Authors: Mundi N. , Jordan K. , Doyle P. , Moore C. 
Published: June 2020

Background Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a product of respiration in mitochondria and an important oxidizing agent in biological systems. Previous investigations have shown the efficacy of H2O2 in treating skin conditions such as seborrheic keratosis and actinic keratosis. In an area like the face, reconstruction of excision defects and ultimately aesthetic outcomes are of utmost importance. Hydrogen peroxide may represent a simple yet effective method at shrinking non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) of the head and neck before they are excised. Methods Eleven consecutive patients presenting to our cutaneous malignancy clinic had their skin lesions evaluated by the senior author for participation in the study. Lesion length and width was measured. Hydrogen peroxide formulated at a concentration of 33% was rubbed into the lesion until blanching was observed. Lesions were re-measured at follow up. Excisional biopsy was then performed and histopathological diagnosis was obtained. Statistical analyses compared pre- and post-treatment lesion dimensions. Results Seventeen biopsy-proven NMSC lesions were included in this investigation. Statistically significant reductions in the length ( p < 0.001) and width ( p < 0.001) were observed with H2O2 treatment. For some lesions, H2O2 was the sole treatment required, with post-treatment biopsy demonstrating no evidence of malignancy. Patients endured minimal discomfort during treatment and no long-term side effects were observed. Follow up at 6 months revealed no recurrences. Conclusions We have demonstrated a significant reduction in the size of multiple lesions after application of 33% hydrogen peroxide, simplifying definitive excision and reconstruction. Hydrogen peroxide demonstrated an ability to successfully treat non-melanoma skin cancers as well.
Marginal bone loss around oral implants supporting fixed versus removable prostheses: a systematic review
Authors: Saravi Babak E. , Putz Maria , Patzelt Sebastian , Alkalak Amir , Uelkuemen Sara , Boeker Martin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aim
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate and compare the marginal bone loss (MBL) around implants of fixed (FISP) versus removable implant-supported prosthesis (RISP).

Material and methods
This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of the literature on Web of Science and Ovid (MEDLINE) was conducted in March 2019 to identify randomized controlled trials/quasi-randomized trials, prospective and retrospective studies written in German and English. Two reviewers screened the identified papers for eligibility and performed an independent data extraction. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the level of evidence of the included studies.

Results
The search resulted in 2577 studies, of which 42 were selected for full-text evaluation. Finally, six studies were included in qualitative analyses, reporting results from 248 participants (81 FISP versus 167 RISP). Five of the included studies were prospective and one study was retrospective. MBL was highest in the first year after implant placement and ranged from 0.17 ± 0.07 mm to 2.1 ± 1.6 mm in FISP and from 0.22 ± 0.55 mm to 2.5 ± 2.7 mm in RISP. After 4 years, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups; MBL ranged from 0.36 ± 0.22 mm to 1.5 mm in FISP and 0.56 ± 0.45 mm to 1.4 mm in RISP. Of the six included studies, two each were rated as good quality, fair quality, and poor quality.

Conclusion
Fixed and removable implant-supported prostheses seem to have similar long-term outcomes regarding marginal bone loss. However, the evidence provided in this systematic review is limited due to the poor quality of two of the included studies. Future studies with study designs specified to the topic of this review are necessary to provide clear information about marginal bone level alterations in modern implant therapy.
Choroidal nevus and polypoidal vasculopathy: case series
Authors: Viana Karlos Ítalo S. , Dalgalarrondo Pedro F. , Correa Zelia , Jorge Rodrigo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
To report an association between choroidal nevus and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in three patients.

Case presentation
We have encountered 3 isolated patients in our center presenting with subretinal exudation and a choroidal nevus that were thoroughly evaluated by slit lamp biomicroscopy, fundus photos, Fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICG), B-scan ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT—Heidelberg). The classic features of choroidal neovascularization seen on PVC were present in all 3 patients, all of whom had a substantial response to intravitreous antiangiogenic agent. OCT, Fluorescein and ICG Angiography, and Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) revealed similar findings in all cases.

Discussion and conclusions
We have identified a clinical pattern of PCV and choroidal nevus that can be diagnosed early using fluorescein angiography, ICG and OCT.
Transcriptional and free radical responses to LVAD therapy
Authors: Dhar Kajari , KC Asmini , Qiu Fang , Basma Hesham , Savalia Krupa K. , Jones Jocelyn , Moulton Alexandra M. , Zimmerman Matthew C. , Um John , Anderson Daniel , Hyden Marshall , Lowes Brian D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMyocardial recovery with Left ventricular assistant device (LVAD) therapy is dichotomous with some patients obtaining remission from end-stage heart failure whereas most require transplantation or remain on pump support long term. Our goal was to determine transcriptional and free radical responses to LVAD treatment.MethodsTissues were collected from patients before and after LVAD placement in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy patients (n = 14) along with controls (n = 3). RNA sequencing (RNASeq) analysis quantified transcriptional profiles by using a custom targeted panel of heart failure related genes on the PGM sequencer. The differential expression analysis between groups was conducted using edgeR (Empirical analysis of digital gene expression data in R) package in Bioconductor. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was carried out on differentially expressed genes to understand the biological pathways involved. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy was utilized to measure levels of free radicals in whole blood collected pre- and post-LVAD implantation (n = 16).ResultsThirty-five genes were differentially expressed in pre-LVAD failing hearts compared to controls. In response to LVAD therapy, only Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) and period circadian protein homolog 1(PER1) were altered with 34 heart failure related genes still differentially expressed post-LVAD compared to controls. IPA showed that DNA methylation-related genes were upregulated in both pre- and post-LVAD and was persistent with a Z-score of 2.00 and 2.36 for DNA Methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B), respectively. Inhibition of micro RNA21 (mir21) was also significant on pathway analysis in the post-LVAD population with a Z-score of − 2.00. Levels of free radicals in blood of pre- and post-LVAD patients did not change significantly.ConclusionLVAD therapy does not reverse many of the transcriptional changes associated with heart failure. Persistent changes in gene expression may be related to ongoing oxidative stress, continued DNA methylation, or changes in metabolism. PDK4 is a key regulator of glucose metabolism and its increased expression by LVAD therapy inhibited pyruvate metabolism.
Roles of cytotoxic lymphocytes and MIC/LILR families in pathophysiology of Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Yoshifuji Hajime , Terao Chikashi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTakayasu arteritis (TAK) affects the aorta and its primary branches, mainly in young women. In its advanced stages, it can cause severe complications, such as cerebral infarction, impaired vision, and valvular heart diseases. In the aortic tissue of TAK, there is increased infiltration of cytotoxic lymphocytes, such as natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+T cells, and enhanced expression of accessory molecules, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and MHC class I chain-related gene (MIC) family. Genome-wide association studies on TAK have identified susceptibility genes, such as IL-12p40, MICA, MICB, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A3 (LILRA3), and LILRB3. Other studies have also shown their involvement in the pathophysiology of TAK. In addition, we reported the importance of NK cells by enhancer enrichment analysis. These results suggest that the gene polymorphisms that potentially upregulate the expression of cytokines and accessory molecules, which contribute to the activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes, are associated with the development of TAK. Based on these results, new molecular targeted therapies look promising.
Management of the aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), using biorational on capsicum under protected cultivation in India
Authors: Singh Harshdeep , Joshi Neelam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and silver leaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are the major pests of capsicum under protected cultivation. The entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are environmentally safe than the chemical pesticides. In the present study, different EPF formulations, Beauveria bassiana Balsamo (Vuillemin), Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, were evaluated along with Azadirachtin 1% for the management of the aphid and the whitefly on capsicum under protected conditions. Result showed that talc formulation of L. lecanii MTCC 956 at 10 and 12 g/l caused 60.5 and 61.6% population reduction for aphid and 60.0 and 61.6% population reduction for whitefly, whereas Azadirachtin 1% at 4 and 5 ml/l caused 71.2 and 74.7% population reduction for aphid and 68.5 and 71.0% population reduction for whitefly after 3rd spray, respectively and were effective in reducing aphid and whitefly populations on capsicum recommending its organic production under protected cultivation and could be a part of integrated pest management program.
Optimal renewable resources mix for low carbon production energy system in Morocco
Authors: Benzohra Omar , Ech-Charqaouy Sidi Salah , Fraija Fouzia , Saifaoui Dennoun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe production of electrical energy has always been a subject of debate to fight against climate change and preserve natural resources. Several countries, including Morocco, have proposed ambitious policies to develop renewable energy sources of production in the short and medium term. The major problem of renewable sources production is their intermittent nature. Using storage units, particularly PETS’ and molten salt technologies, will increase the penetration rate of renewable energies. The balance between production and consumption will optimize production, and it represents an important aspect of smart grids. In this article, an electrical energy consumption prediction was developed for the period 2019-2025, and optimization of the renewable energies injected within the grid was made by introducing the algorithm used. The results show that the use of storage units will increase the rate of renewable energies integration to 47.189% of the total installed capacity.
PIMIDES I: a pilot study to assess the feasibility of patient-controlled neurostimulation with the EASEE® system to treat medically refractory focal epilepsy
Authors: Kravalis Kristina , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe study design of PIMIDES, a trial based on patient-individualized transcranial electric neurostimulation of epileptic foci, is reported. Inclusion criteria include a predominant epileptic focus and pharmacoresistance to two antiepileptic drug treatments. The study is prospective, unblinded, and serves to assess the safety of subgaleal implantation and transcranial stimulation.
Noise estimation in vector magnetic data derived from airborne vector magnetic system
Authors: Xie Rukuan , Xiong Shengqing , Duan Shuling , Wang Jinlong , Wang Ping , Luo Yao , Liu Haojun , Fan Zhengguo 
Published: June 2020

The accuracy of the airborne vector magnetic (VM) survey mainly depends on the attitude measurement precision of the aircraft. An orientation change of 0.001° can produce an error of approximately 1 nT in VM components for a geomagnetic field of 50,000 nT. Therefore, noise estimation or accurate understanding of noise characteristics of measured airborne VM data plays an important role in geophysical applications. A new airborne VM system with high-precision attitude measurement (0.003°–0.007° root-mean square [rms]) for geophysical prospecting was developed. We have analyzed the results from test flights, compared the difference between measured and calculated VM data, and we developed two methods to estimate the noise in VM data derived from the new system, which include (1) VM noise, that is, the rms error of the difference between the total magnetic intensity calculated from the measured VM data and measured by the scalar sensor, to mainly estimate the error of calibration and compensation, and (2) rms error of the difference between the data from repeat flight lines, to mainly estimate the error of multiple measurements. The noise estimation results of the two methods based on data from test flights in the Qixin area of the East Tianshan Mountains in China indicate that the new system has high accuracy: VM noise is 2.32 nT; the error of the repeat flight lines is 4.86, 6.08, and 2.80 nT for the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] components, respectively.
Eco-media Events in China
Authors: Litzinger Ralph , Yang Fan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article brings together recent writing on eco-media, media materialism, and racialized Otherness to rethink the place of China and Asia in debates about the Anthropocene. We begin by examining the nonwhite postapocalyptic futures imagined in Bong Joon-ho’s sci-fi film Snowpiercer and argue that the film problematizes a persistent Western-centric bias in both the environmental humanities and the literature on media materialism. Inspired by the metaphoric power of Kronon, the industrial-waste-turned-explosive in Snowpiercer, we theorize the instantaneously mediated and circulated chemical dust explosions in Kunshan and Tianjin in 2014–15 as eco-media events—that is, spectacular and ephemeral moments in which the material processes of digital production link the old forms of resource extraction with our new lives of electronic gadgetry and media tool dependency. Writing against the discourse of Yellow Eco-peril, which depicts such events (in both academic and journalistic writings) through a racialized Eco-Otherness, we offer a counter-politics to reconnect mainland China to the very systems of globalized production and consumption—the deep earth mining, the slow violence of black lung disease, the factory work, the digital consumption practices—that have propelled and intensified the country’s stupendous development as well as its ecological challenges. We find new work on eco-media and media materialism most productive, as it sheds light on three closely intertwined dimensions of eco-media events: time, body, and matter. Probing the deep entanglements between the human and the nonhuman, a critical engagement with these events presents new possibilities to think anew environmental humanities in China, across Asia, and globally.
Chemosociality in Multispecies Worlds
Authors: Kirksey Eben 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChemosocial communities have formed in Sydney, Australia, as a result of encounters with industrial pollution. If biosociality involves social relationships that emerge from biological conditions, then chemosociality involves altered, attenuated, or augmented relationships that emerge with chemical exposures. Some social groups have coalesced around place-based political action, while other chemosocial associations have proved to be ephemeral, evanescent, and conditional. Building on earlier work by multispecies ethnographers who have studied social relationships among humans and animals, this article follows chemicals into more-than-human realms. Fragile multispecies worlds have emerged in a complex landscape shaped by chemical weapons industries, municipal landfills, government remediation programs, real estate speculation, and a multitude of chemical and biological agents. Legacy dumping grounds in the Sydney Olympic Park have become habitat for the green and golden bell frog, an endangered species. While the normal world order of this frog has been lost with the spread of a deadly fungal disease, toxic chemicals have enabled the continuation of its social life. Temporary spaces of immunity have emerged where life is protected and threats are negated by poisonous compounds that double as a cure.
Multicultural Wilderness
Authors: Fisher Colin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWilderness parks in the United States are often described as landscapes of leisure for affluent white nature tourists. This article challenges that interpretation by exploring visitation to the Cook County Forest Preserves and the Indiana Dunes State Park, two Chicago-area wilderness parks that during the early twentieth century attracted far more visitors than all of the national parks combined. The author argues that if we turn our gaze from rarefied and far less-visited parks such as Yosemite and Yellowstone to the wilderness parks created just outside of major metropolitan centers, we can clearly see that early-twentieth-century wilderness landscapes attracted a far more cosmopolitan audience than commonly assumed. Moreover, the author shows that marginalized Chicagoans were not simply passive consumers of wilderness. Drawing on theorists and historians of mass-culture reception, the author makes the case that new immigrants, children of the foreign-born, African Americans, and industrial workers appropriated these Chicago wilderness parks in much the same way that they borrowed and creatively rewrote Jazz-Age mass-culture entertainment such as Hollywood films. Far from places that Americanized immigrants and neutralized class tension, Chicago-area wilderness parks became important sites for the production and reproduction of subaltern national, ethnic, and working-class communities.
Submerged Bodies
Authors: DeLoughrey Elizabeth , Flores Tatiana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent scholarship in the blue humanities, or critical ocean studies, has turned to the mutable relationship between human bodies and the ocean, shifting from depictions of a seascape across which human bodies attain agency to considering the experience and representability of sea ontologies, wet matter, and transcorporeal engagements with the more-than-human world. This work generally focuses on a universalized ocean (as nonhuman nature) rather than a geographically and culturally specific place (as history). The authors’ work turns the visual focus from the surface to the depths, engaging with the Caribbean Sea and contemporary artists who depict a gendered oceanic intimacy and aesthetics of diffraction and submergence. Building upon the 2017 exhibition Relational Undercurrents: Contemporary Art of the Caribbean Archipelago, curated by Tatiana Flores, this article expands the conversation from the archipelagic to the submarine, engaging “tidalectic” representations of underwater bodies through ontologies and aesthetics of diffraction. The authors consider the work of artists Tony Capellán, Jean-Ulrick Désert, María Magdalena Campos-Pons, Nadia Huggins, and David Gumbs.
Toward a Relational Materiality of Soils
Authors: Krzywoszynska Anna , Marchesi Greta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs environmental matters, soils have been an object of inquiry primarily for the natural sciences, with social scientists and environmental humanities scholars occupied with the surface dramas of territory and its products. The invisibility of soils in much of public and intellectual life speaks not only to the literal invisibility of their subterranean elements but also to their taken-for-granted effectiveness as the material infrastructure of societies. Today’s crisis of soil ecosystems calls for an urgent examination and improvement of human-soil relations. This is both an intellectual and a practical project. The authors believe that a crucial first step toward more just and sustainable human-soil relations is a critical reflection around soil knowledge practices and their onto-political effects. In this introduction, they open the field for such reflection by denaturalizing the category soil, discussing its complex materialities, its multiple scales, and the diversity of existing soil ontologies and epistemologies. In so doing they argue for a relational materiality approach to the study of soils. The authors place this relational materiality approach within a practical, political, and ethical project of re-embedding societies in soils and lands. Finally, they indicate emerging arenas of inquiry where a relational materiality approach to soils is needed.