bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding star formation and feedback in small galaxies
Authors: Cairós L. M. , González-Pérez J. N. 
Published: December 2019

Context. Low-luminosity, active star-forming blue compact galaxies (BCGs) are excellent laboratories for investigating the process of star formation on galactic scales and to probe the interplay between massive stars and the surrounding interstellar (or intergalactic) medium.
Aims. We investigate the morphology, structure, and stellar content of BCG Mrk 900, as well as the excitation, ionization conditions, and kinematics of its H II regions and surrounding ionized gas.
Methods. We obtained integral field observations of Mrk 900 working with the Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope. The observations were taken in the wavelength range 4150−7400 Å covering a field of view of 27″ × 27″ on the sky with a spatial sampling of 0.″67. From the integral field data we built continuum, emission, and diagnostic line ratio maps and produced velocity and velocity dispersion maps. We also generated the integrated spectrum of the major H II regions and the nuclear area to determine reliable physical parameters and oxygen abundances. Integral field spectroscopy was complemented with deep broad-band photometry taken at the 2.5 m NOT telescope; the broad-band data, tracing the galaxy up to radius 4 kpc, allowed us to investigate the properties of the low surface brightness underlying stellar host.
Results. We disentangle two different stellar components in Mrk 900: a young population, which resolves into individual stellar clusters with ages ∼5.5−6.6 Myr and extends about 1 kpc along the galaxy minor axis, is placed on top of a rather red and regular shaped underlying stellar host, several Gyr old. We find evidence of a substantial amount of dust and an inhomogeneous extinction pattern, with a dust lane crossing the central starburst. Mrk 900 displays overall rotation, although distorted in the central, starburst regions; the dispersion velocity map is highly inhomogeneous, with values increasing up to 60 km s−1 at the periphery of the SF regions, where we also find hints of the presence of shocks. Our observational results point to an interaction or merger with a low-mass object or infalling gas as plausible trigger mechanisms for the present starburst event.
Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission at TeV energy
Authors: Neronov A. , Semikoz D. 
Published: December 2019

Context. Measuring the diffuse Galactic γ-ray flux in the TeV range is difficult for ground-based γ-ray telescopes because of the residual cosmic-ray background, which is higher than the γ-ray flux by several orders of magnitude. Its detection is also challenging for space-based telescopes because of low signal statistics.
Aims. We characterise the diffuse TeV flux from the Galaxy using decade-long exposures of the Fermi Large Area Telescope.
Methods. Considering that the level of diffuse Galactic emission in the TeV band approaches the level of residual cosmic-ray background, we estimated the level of residual cosmic-ray background in the SOURCEVETO event selection and verified that the TeV diffuse Galactic emission flux is well above the residual cosmic-ray background up to high Galactic latitude regions.
Results. We study spectral and imaging properties of the diffuse TeV signal from the Galactic plane. We find much stronger emission from the inner Galactic plane than in previous HESS telescope estimates (lower bound). We also find a significant difference in the measurement of the Galactic longitude and latitude profiles of the signal measured by Fermi and HESS. These discrepancies are presumably explained by the fact that regions of background estimate in HESS have non-negligible γ-ray flux. Comparing Fermi measurements with those of ARGO-YBJ, we find better agreement, with the notable exception of the Cygnus region, where we find much higher flux (by a factor 1.5). We also measure the TeV diffuse emission spectrum up to high Galactic latitude and show that the spectra of different regions of the sky have spectral slopes consistent with Γ = 2.34 ± 0.04, which is harder than the slope of the locally observed spectrum of cosmic rays with energies 10–100 TeV, which produce TeV diffuse emission on their way through the interstellar medium. We discuss the possible origin of the hard slope of the TeV diffuse emission.
Conclusions. Fermi/LAT provides reliable measurements of the diffuse Galactic emission spectrum in the TeV range, which are almost background free at low Galactic latitudes. The diffuse flux becomes comparable to the residual cosmic-ray background at Galactic latitudes |b| > 50°. Its measurement in these regions might suffer from systematic uncertainty stemming from the uncertainty of our phenomenological model of the residual cosmic-ray background in the Pass 8 Fermi/LAT data.
Synthetic observations of internal gravity waves in the solar atmosphere
Authors: Vigeesh G. , Roth M. 
Published: December 2019

Aims. We study the properties of internal gravity waves (IGWs) detected in synthetic observations that are obtained from realistic numerical simulation of the solar atmosphere.
Methods. We used four different simulations of the solar magneto-convection performed using the CO5BOLD code. A magnetic-field-free model and three magnetic models were simulated. The latter three models start with an initial vertical, homogeneous field of 10, 50, and 100 G magnetic flux density, representing different regions of the quiet solar surface. We used the NICOLE code to compute synthetic spectral maps from all the simulated models for the two magnetically insensitive neutral iron lines Fe I λλ 5434 Å and 5576 Å. We carried out Fourier analyses of the intensity and Doppler velocities to derive the power, phase, and coherence in the kh − ω diagnostic diagram to study the properties of internal gravity waves.
Results. We find the signatures of the internal gravity waves in the synthetic spectra to be consistent with observations of the real Sun. The effect of magnetic field on the wave spectra is not as clearly discernible in synthetic observations as in the case of numerical simulations. The phase differences obtained using the spectral lines are significantly different from the phase differences in the simulation. The phase coherency between two atmospheric layers in the gravity wave regime is height dependent and is seen to decrease with the travel distance between the observed layers. In the studied models, the lower atmosphere shows a phase coherency above the significance level for a height separation of ∼400 km, while in the chromospheric layers it reduces to ∼100–200 km depending on the average magnetic flux density.
Conclusion. We conclude that the energy flux of IGWs determined from the phase difference analysis may be overestimated by an order of magnitude. Spectral lines that are weak and less temperature sensitive may be better suited to detecting internal waves and accurately determining their energy flux in the solar atmosphere.
Circumstellar environment of 55 Cancri
Authors: Folsom C. P. , Fionnagáin D. Ó , Fossati L. , Vidotto A. A. , Moutou C. , Petit P. , Dragomir D. , Donati J.-F. 
Published: December 2019

Context. 55 Cancri hosts five known exoplanets, most notably the hot super-Earth 55 Cnc e, which is one of the hottest known transiting super-Earths.
Aims. Because of the short orbital separation and host star brightness, 55 Cnc e provides one of the best opportunities for studying star-planet interactions (SPIs). We aim to understand possible SPIs in this system, which requires a detailed understanding of the stellar magnetic field and wind impinging on the planet.
Methods. Using spectropolarimetric observations and Zeeman Doppler Imaging, we derived a map of the large-scale stellar magnetic field. We then simulated the stellar wind starting from the magnetic field map, using a 3D magneto-hydrodynamic model.
Results. The map of the large-scale stellar magnetic field we derive has an average strength of 3.4 G. The field has a mostly dipolar geometry; the dipole is tilted by 90° with respect to the rotation axis and the dipolar strength is 5.8 G at the magnetic pole. The wind simulations based on this magnetic geometry lead us to conclude that 55 Cnc e orbits inside the Alfvén surface of the stellar wind, implying that effects from the planet on the wind can propagate back to the stellar surface and result in SPI.
Chancen und Herausforderungen von Präventionsketten – Ergebnisse qualitativer Experteninterviews in deutschen Kommunen
Authors: Sowarka Nicole , Coenen Michaela 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie „Präventionsketten“ zeichnen sich als integrierte Gesundheitsstrategien durch sektorenübergreifende Vernetzungsprozesse zur Förderung der Gesundheits- und Teilhabechancen von Kindern und Jugendlichen in einem kommunalen Setting aus. Ziel der qualitativen Studie ist (1) die Exploration der Struktur und Organisation der intersektoralen Vernetzung und (2) die Analyse von Förderfaktoren und Herausforderungen, die auf die Etablierung von Präventionsketten in kommunale Prozesse einwirken.
Methodik Die qualitative Studie basiert auf sieben leitfadengestützten Experteninterviews mit acht kommunalen Akteuren/innen in verschiedenen deutschen Kommunen. Die Datenauswertung lehnt sich methodisch an die Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring an.
Ergebnisse Vernetzungsprozesse in kommunalen Strukturen bei der Implementierung von Präventionsketten lassen sich auf vertikaler und horizontaler Ebene verzeichnen. Diese beinhalten die Schaffung von sektorenübergreifenden „Produktionsnetzwerken“ zur gemeinsamen Entwicklung von Maßnahmen und Strukturen. „Produktionsnetzwerke“ werden von Netzwerkmoderatoren/innen begleitet. Die erfolgreiche Kooperation wird durch Engagement kommunaler Akteure/innen, gemeinsame Zielvereinbarungen, politische Rückendeckung und Nutzung vorhandener Ressourcen gefördert. Ein Mangel an Ressourcen, eine geringe Bereitschaft kommunaler Akteure/innen und fehlende Akzeptanz der Bestrebungen sind als Barrieren zu diskutieren.
Schlussfolgerung Aufgrund der Besonderheiten kommunaler Strukturen und Entwicklungen weisen Präventionsketten einen individuellen Charakter auf. Die Ausprägung von förderlichen und hinderlichen Faktoren variiert je nach Ausgangslage und Entwicklung in den Kommunen. Die Zustimmung der politischen Basis ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung intersektoraler Vernetzungsprozesse.
Entwicklung von Entscheidungshilfen für das organisierte Zervixkarzinom-Screening in Deutschland
Authors: Schröer-Günther Milly , Fechtelpeter Dennis , Zschorlich Beate , Wegmann Martin , Keller Sabine , Schürmann Christoph , Lampert Ulrike , Seidl Astrid , Janßen Inger , Koch Klaus 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss hat beschlossen, im Jahr 2020 ein organisiertes Zervixkarzinom-Screening einzuführen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Entwicklung von Entscheidungshilfen, die Frauen im Rahmen dieses Programms zugesendet werden sollen.
Methodik Es wurde eine systematische Recherche nach qualitativen Studien und Surveys zur Erfassung von Erfahrungen, Einstellungen und Informationsbedürfnissen durchgeführt. Ebenso wurde nach systematischen Übersichten zu den Vor- und Nachteilen des Screenings recherchiert. Darüber hinaus wurde eine bereits existierende Entscheidungsanalyse für das Zervixkarzinom-Screening in Deutschland herangezogen. Die Entwürfe wurden einer qualitativen Testung (Fokusgruppen mit 26 Frauen und 8 Experteninterviews), einer quantitativen Nutzertestung (Online-Survey n=2 014 Frauen) sowie einer öffentlichen Anhörung unterzogen.
Ergebnisse Die meisten Frauen fanden in den Nutzertestungen die Entscheidungshilfen informativ und hilfreich. Die Mehrzahl würde die Materialien weiterempfehlen. Für viele Frauen war ein Teil der Informationen neu, obwohl sie schon länger an der Zervixkarzinom-Früherkennung teilnahmen. Die Darstellung der Vor- und Nachteile wurde als ausgewogen beurteilt. An der durchschnittlichen Teilnahmebereitschaft änderte sich nach Lesen der Materialien wenig. Allerdings änderten etwa 10 % ihre Einstellung dazu. Etwa 70 % der Frauen würde am Screening teilnehmen.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Entscheidungshilfen fanden eine hohe Akzeptanz unter den Nutzerinnen. Sie können helfen, Wissensdefizite zum Zervixkarzinom-Screening abzubauen, und eine informierte Entscheidung unterstützen.
Thyroid Peroxidase Revisited – Whatʼs New?
Authors: Godlewska Marlena , Gawel Damian , Buckle Ashley M. , Banga J. Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme that participates in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. TPO is also a major autoantigen in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). In this review, we summarize the latest developments in the field of TPO research. We present the current understanding of immunodominant serologic determinants, frequency of TPO-specific autoantibodies in the population, as well as genetic and environmental factors contributing to their development. Moreover, we report recent progress in the clinical utilities of TPO autoantibody testing, including thyroid dysfunctions and extra-thyroidal disorders.
Serum Interleukin 23 in Psoriatic Arthritis Patients: Relation to disease activity, physical function and health related quality of life
Authors: Elsawy Noha Abdelhalim , Helal Abdelmoniem , El Shafei Mohamed , Mikhael Neveen Lewis , Aboeladl Nesrin Ahmed 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjective To assess interleukin 23 (IL-23) levels in the sera of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients and to determine the relationship of IL-23 with different disease activity indices, physical function and quality of life (QoL).Methods Fifty PsA patients and 46 matched healthy controls were included in this study. Data including a detailed history, a thorough clinical examination, skin severity based on the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), the Disease Activity index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) and the Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index (CPDAI) were obtained for all patients. Physical function was assessed by the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and health-related QoL was assessed using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Psoriatic Arthritis Quality of Life (PsAQoL) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were also assessed. Serum IL-23 levels were measured in the studied groups.Results The study included 23(46%) females and 27 (54%) males with a mean age of 42.78±12.33 years. The mean serum IL-23 level was significantly higher in PsA patients (50.89±13.86 pg/ml) than in controls (43.88±6.34 pg/ml) (p=0.006). There were significant correlations between serum IL-23 levels and different grades of DAPSA activity (p=0.007) and PASI (p=0.015). No significant correlations could be detected between serum IL-23 levels and (HAQ-DI, DLQI, SF-36 or PsAQoL). CPDAI and DAPSA were significantly correlated with DLQI, SF-36 and PsAQoL.Conclusion IL-23 is a useful biomarker for identifying joint activity or skin severity but not QoL or physical function.
Heparin Bridging Therapy for Patients on Chronic Oral Anticoagulants in Periprocedural Settings
Authors: Nikolakopoulos Ilias , Spyropoulos Alex C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInterruption of chronic anticoagulation due to the bleeding risk associated with an elective procedure may also lead to an elevated risk of thromboembolism. Periprocedural bridging with either unfractionated heparin or low-molecular weight heparin had been the mainstay of therapy for many patients receiving chronic warfarin treatment based on an estimation of a patient's thromboembolic risk. However, recent results from cohort studies and placebo-controlled randomized trials in the periprocedural use of heparin bridging for warfarin-treated patients reveal a consistent two- to three-fold increase in the risk of major bleeding and no benefit in terms of a reduction in the risk of stroke and systemic embolism. The most recent antithrombotic guidance statements suggest that the majority of patients on chronic warfarin, except those at high risk of thromboembolism, may safely interrupt and resume warfarin without heparin bridging in elective periprocedural settings. In addition, data from the use of heparin bridging in patients on direct oral anticoagulants during temporary interruption for an elective procedure also reveal harm and no benefits of this approach. A strategy that considers the pharmacokinetic properties of the direct oral anticoagulants, the bleeding risk of each procedure, and patient renal function would safely obviate the need for heparin bridging. In this review, the authors summarize the major studies of heparin bridging for patients on chronic oral anticoagulants that may lead to a change in practice in periprocedural antithrombotic management and define an evidence-based heparin bridging protocol for those patient groups who may be the candidates for this approach.
Tratamento das lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior em jogadores profissionais de futebol por cirurgiões ortopedistas
Authors: Arliani Gustavo Gonçalves , Pereira Vitor Luis , Leão Renan Gonçalves , Lara Paulo Schmidt , Ejnisman Benno , Cohen Moisés 
Published: December 2019

Resumo
Objetivo Descrever o tratamento realizado por especialistas das lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) em jogadores profissionais de futebol.
Métodos Estudo transversal, no qual ortopedistas vinculados a clubes participantes do Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol responderam a um questionário sobre o tratamento das lesões do LCA em jogadores profissionais de futebol.
Resultados Os especialistas aguardam entre uma e quatro semanas após a lesão do LCA para realizar o tratamento cirúrgico. Utilizam técnica com incisão e banda únicas auxiliada por artroscopia, perfuração do túnel femoral via portal acessório medial, e autoenxerto quádruplo de tendões flexores ou autoenxerto de tendão patelar. Os jogadores são liberados para correr em linha reta após três a quatro meses; para exercícios com bola sem contato com outros atletas, após quatro a seis meses; e o retorno ao esporte acorre após seis a oito meses. O principal parâmetro usado para o retorno ao esporte é o teste de força isocinético. Os especialistas estimam que mais de 90% dos jogadores operados por lesão do LCA retornam ao esporte profissional, e entre 60% e 90% retornam com o mesmo nível ou com um nível melhor de desempenho.
Conclusão Este estudo descreve de forma satisfatória as principais práticas cirúrgicas e pós-operatórias adotadas pelos especialistas nessa população altamente específica de pacientes.
Telemedicine-Based Tobacco Treatment Model in Primary Care from a Low-Resource Setting
Authors: Santhosh Kumar Thamaraiselvan , Pant Mani Bhushan , Uzzafar Fareed , Manjunatha Narayana , Kumar C. Naveen , Math Suresh Bada 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Tobacco addiction is one of the leading causes of premature mortality. Early and effective intervention in primary care, though possible and feasible, is seldom done in India. This case series describes the diagnosis and management of three patients of tobacco addiction by a primary care doctor (PCD) who is being trained in digitally driven four modules based “Primary Care Psychiatry Program” of National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India. This article discusses about the way in which two modules (telepsychiatric on-consultation training and collaborative video consultation) helped a primary care doctor (M.B.P.) working approximately 1,500 miles away from an academic institute to treat tobacco dependence at a rural primary health center of India.
Neurodevelopmental Disabilities in Canadian Children: Prevalence Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Children and Youth
Authors: Prasad Asuri Narayan , Corbett Bradley 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAim Using population surveys of chronic health conditions, the present study aimed to examine changing trends in the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) with age and determine population-based estimates of prevalence and census-based estimates of absolute numbers of affected children.Methods We analyzed data from three cycles (1994–1999) of Canada's National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) (Statistics Canada Survey).Results Cross-sectional prevalence rates for chronic NDD in children from birth to 15 years across cycle 1 to 3 of the NLSCY show an increasing trend over the years from 1994 to 1999. Population-based estimates were also calculated from census data. Weighted prevalence rates for four conditions in children aged birth to 15 years increased across the three cycles, except for cerebral palsy. Prevalence estimates in cycle 3 were: epilepsy 5.26/1,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.01, 5.52), cerebral palsy 2.81/1,000 (95% CI: 2.62, 2.99), intellectual disability 4.77/1,000 (95% CI: 4.53, 5.02), and learning disability 57.06/1,000 (95% CI, 56.36, 57.76). A male gender preponderance was noted for each NDD using logistic regression.Interpretation Prevalence rates of NDD in Canadian children show an incremental trend across three cycles in four conditions covered in the survey. The changing trends over the three cycles are discussed.
Biological control in Barbados.
Authors: Lenteren J. C. van , Colmenarez Y. C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Early classical biocontrol successes in Barbados, some in combination with natural control, were the control of: sugarcane borers, sugarcane mealybugs and West Indian cane fly in sugarcane; cottony cushion scale and citrus blackfly in citrus; coconut whitefly in palm; fall armyworm in vegetables and field crops; diamondback moth in cruciferous crops; and green scale and whitefly on fruit and ornamental trees. Recent successes concern classical biocontrol, often in combination with natural control, of: the pink hibiscus mealybug in various crops and ornamentals; sago palm scale on cycads and ornamental palm; and the citrus leaf miner and the Asian citrus psyllid in citrus. Natural control included that of: papaya mealybug in papaya; chilli thrips in various crops; and red palm mite in coconut palm, ornamentals and bananas. Parasitoids were most often used, followed by predators, while microbial agents were rarely used. Barbados has regularly served as provider of natural enemies for other islands in the Caribbean. The island has faced at least 25 arthropod invasions of pests since 2000, stressing the need for biocontrol solutions.