bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problems with the dual-systems approach to temporal cognition
Authors: Melnikoff David E. , Bargh John A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Contrary to Hoerl & McCormack (H&M), we argue that the best account of temporal cognition in humans is one in which a single system becomes capable of representing time. We suggest that H&M's own evidence for dual systems of temporal cognition – simultaneous contradictory beliefs – does not recommend dual systems, and that the single system approach is more plausible.
Ambiguous Masculinities: Gender and Sexual Transgression in Contemporary Dance Works by Senegalese Men
Authors: Swanson Amy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractContemporary dance in Senegal emerged and thrives at the interstices of the local and the global. Multiple expectations and values, of which gender and sexuality are no small part, converge at the site of creation and production, enlisting choreographers to navigate oftentimes conflicting ideologies. Based on ethnographic research, this article examines three works by Senegalese men that employ gender and sexual transgressions alongside the artists’ seemingly contradictory verbal articulations of their work. Using the local-global entanglement as an analytical framework, I argue that these works offer ambiguous assemblages of masculinities that challenge conventional masculinity in Senegal, thereby elucidating the potentiality for contemporary dance to transcend singular meaning-making capacity.
Lexical stress contrastivity in Italian children with autism spectrum disorders: an exploratory acoustic study
Authors: ARCIULI Joanne , COLOMBO Lucia , SURIAN Luca 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe investigated production of lexical stress in children with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD), all monolingual Italian speakers. The mean age of the 16 autistic children was 5.73 years and the mean age of the 16 typically developing children was 4.65 years. Picture-naming targets were five trisyllabic words that began with a weak–strong pattern of lexical stress across the initial two syllables (WS: matita) and five trisyllabic words beginning with a strong–weak pattern (SW: gomito). Acoustic measures of the duration, fundamental frequency, and intensity of the first two vowels for correct word productions were used to calculate a normalised Pairwise Variability Index (PVI) for WS and SW words. Results of acoustic analyses indicated no statistically significant group differences in PVIs. Results should be interpreted in line with the exploratory nature of this study. We hope this study will encourage additional cross-linguistic studies of prosody in children's speech production.
Development of gallium-arsenide-based GCPW calibration kits for on-wafer measurements in the W-band
Authors: Wang Yibang , Fu Xingchang , Wu Aihua , Liu Chen , Luan Peng , Liang Faguo , Zhao Wei , Shang Xiaobang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present details of on-wafer-level 16-term error model calibration kits used for the characterization of W-band circuits based on a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW). These circuits were fabricated on a thin gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate, and via holes, were utilized to ensure single mode propagation (i.e., eliminating the parallel-plate mode or surface mode). To ensure the accuracy of the definition for the calibration kits, multi-line thru-reflect-line (MTRL) assistant standards were also fabricated on the same wafer and measured. The same wafer also contained passive and active devices, which were measured subject to both 16-term and conventional line-reflect-reflect-match calibrations. Measurement results show that 16-term calibration kits are capable of determining the cross-talk more accurately. Other typical calibration techniques were also implemented using the standards on the GCPW calibration kits, and were compared with the MTRL calibration using a passive device under test. This revealed that the proposed GCPW GaAs calibration substrate could be a feasible alternative to conventional CPW impedance standard substrates, for on-wafer measurements at W-band and above.
Climate Litigation in the Global South: Constraints and Innovations
Authors: Setzer Joana , Benjamin Lisa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCases involving climate change have been litigated in the courts for some time, but new directions and trends have started to emerge. While the majority of climate litigation has occurred in the United States and other developed countries, cases in the Global South are growing both in terms of quantity and in the quality of their strategies and regulatory outcomes. However, so far climate litigation in the Global South has received scant attention from the literature. We argue that climate litigation in the Global South opens up avenues for progress in addressing climate change in highly vulnerable countries. We first highlight some of the capacity constraints experienced in Global South countries to provide context for the emerging trend of strategic climate litigation in the area. In spite of significant constraints experienced, the strategies adopted by litigants push the climate litigation agenda forward as a result of their outward-looking objective of combating ongoing environmental degradation, and, on a doctrinal level, the way in which they link climate change and human rights. Bearing in mind the limitations resulting from the selective nature of the cases examined, we draw upon Legal Opportunity Structures (LOS) approaches and identify two reasons for innovative cases and outcomes in Global South strategic climate litigation: (i) how litigants are either overcoming or using procedural requirements for access to environmental justice, and (ii) the existence of progressive legislative and judicial approaches to climate change. The strategies and outcomes from these judicial approaches in the Global South might be able to contribute to the further development of transnational climate change litigation.
Interannual Oscillations in Earth Rotation
Authors: Chen Jianli , Wilson Clark R. , Kuang Weijia , Chao Benjamin F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAt seasonal and shorter time scales, polar motion and length‐of‐day (LOD) change are dominated by mass redistribution in the Earth climate system, including the atmosphere, oceans, and hydrosphere. Long‐term polar motion and LOD change are believed to be forced by solid Earth geophysical process, such as glacial isostatic adjustment. Decadal LOD variations are also connected to core‐mantle coupling. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of interannual oscillations in all three components of Earth rotation using accurately measured polar motion and LOD time series, and geophysical excitations computed from atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrological models over the period 1962 to 2018. Strong interannual oscillations remain in all three components after detrending and band‐pass filtering to retain variations at periods between 2 and 8 years. Polar motion Y is dominated by a 3.65‐year oscillation, plus others at periods of 2.5 and 5.9 years. Polar motion X shows a strong oscillation near 5.9 years, plus smaller variations at shorter periods. A 5.9‐year LOD variation has been recognized in earlier studies, but oscillations at periods of 2.36, 3.65, and 4.9 years are also observed. Atmosphere, ocean, and hydrosphere (AOH) sources largely account for 2.5‐ and 3.65‐year components in polar motion Y, but not for the 5.9‐year component in polar motion X and Y. The 2.36‐, 3.65‐, and 4.9‐year components in LOD can largely be accounted for by AOH sources. The 5.9‐year LOD component becomes more prominent after AOH sources have been subtracted. The presence of a 5.9‐year variation in all three components of Earth rotation suggests a source in Earth's interior, probably from the core.
MAVEN/NGIMS Thermospheric Neutral Wind Observations: Interpretation Using the M‐GITM General Circulation Model
Authors: Roeten Kali J. , Bougher Stephen W. , Benna Mehdi , Mahaffy Paul R. , Lee Yuni , Pawlowski Dave , González‐Galindo Francisco , López‐Valverde Miguel Ángel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing a new observational technique, the NGIMS (Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer) instrument on the MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) spacecraft has the unique capability to measure horizontal thermospheric winds. Measured along the orbit track from periapsis (∼150 km) to ∼200 km, these are the first in situ observations of thermospheric winds at Mars. Significantly, this also means that simulated winds from a global circulation model can be compared to in situ observations from this part of the Martian atmosphere for the first time. In this study, observations from five NGIMS neutral wind campaigns have been compared to simulations from the Mars Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model (M‐GITM), a ground to exosphere 3‐D general circulation model. By comparing NGIMS neutral wind observations to model simulations, the processes driving the winds and their variations in the upper atmosphere are examined. These comparisons show that for certain observational periods, the M‐GITM simulated winds can generally replicate the magnitude and/or direction of the NGIMS wind observations, while in others, significant differences occur. In general, wind observations from NGIMS campaigns with large orbit‐to‐orbit variability are not well replicated by M‐GITM, while campaigns with higher observed wind speeds are better captured by the model. Additionally, using these data‐model comparisons, the relative role of normal solar forcing and corresponding differential heating in driving thermospheric winds at Mars is found to be variable, likely acting as the primary driver under some conditions and secondary to other physical processes under others.
MyoD1 suppresses cell migration and invasion by inhibiting FUT4 transcription in human gastric cancer cells
Authors: Wu Fei , Qin Yannan , Jiang Qiuyu , Zhang Jinyuan , Li Fang , Li Qian , Wang Xiaofei , Gao Yi , Miao Jiyu , Guo Chen , Yang Yang , Ni Lei , Liu Liying , Zhang Shuqun , Huang Chen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMyogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD1) is a transcription factor that promotes expression of muscle-specific genes. MyoD1 is expressed at significantly lower levels in gastric cancer (GC) tissues and cells, and it induces apoptosis in GC cells. However, functions for MyoD1 in GC cell migration and gene expression have not been documented. We show that knockdown of MyoD1 promoted migration and invasion of GC cells, whereas MyoD1 overexpression suppressed migration and invasion. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing to identify MyoD1 target genes in MKN-45 cells. The 2-kb upstream regions (Up2k) of the transcription start sites of 57 genes were probably bound by MyoD1. Six of these genes function in signaling pathways such as synthesis of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis—lacto and neolacto series. MyoD1 inhibited transcription of fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) by binding directly to the FUT4 F3; this finding was validated by ChIP-quantitative PCR and a luciferase reporter assay. Ulex europaeus agglutinin I, which binds Fucα1-2Galβ1-4GlcNAc, and Lewis antigens showed decreased binding to the plasma membrane of cells that overexpressed MyoD1. Knockdown of FUT4 mimicked MyoD1 overexpression by suppressing GC cell migration and invasion; this result implied that MyoD1 suppressed cell migration and invasion via inhibiting the FUT4/matrix metallopeptidase signaling pathway. In summary, this study demonstrated that MyoD1 suppresses migration and invasion of GC cells by directly binding to the F3 region in the FUT4 Up2k and inhibiting FUT4/type II Lewis antigen expression.
Universality of indeterminate growth in lizards rejected: the micro-CT reveals contrasting timing of growth cartilage persistence in iguanas, agamas, and chameleons
Authors: Frýdlová Petra , Mrzílková Jana , Šeremeta Martin , Křemen Jan , Dudák Jan , Žemlička Jan , Němec Pavel , Velenský Petr , Moravec Jiří , Koleška Daniel , Zahradníčková Veronika , Jirásek Tomáš , Kodym Petr , Frynta Daniel , Zach Petr 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSquamate reptiles are considered to exhibit indeterminate growth. Nevertheless, current literature disputes the available definitions of this growth type, presents new theoretical models, and questions its universality in cold-blooded vertebrates. We have followed up on our previous research employing micro-CT to explore growth plate cartilage (GPC) in the epiphysis of long bones, which is responsible for longitudinal skeletal growth by the endochondral ossification process. We focused on numerous and highly diversified group of the Iguania clade comprising Acrodonta (agamas and chameleons) and Pleurodonta (“iguanas”). We recorded the absence of GPC in most of the examined adult Pleurodonta specimens and interpret it as an irreversible arrest of skeletal growth. This finding clearly rejects the universality of indeterminate growth in lizards. On the other hand, we found apparent GPC preservation in most of the adult specimens belonging to Acrodonta. This suggests a preserved ability to continue body growth throughout most of their life. We discuss the uncovered disparity between Acrodonta and Pleurodonta and emphasize the importance of GPC degradation timing.
Analysis of neuronal ensemble activity reveals the pitfalls and shortcomings of rotation dynamics
Authors: Lebedev Mikhail A. , Ossadtchi Alexei , Mill Nil Adell , Urpí Núria Armengol , Cervera Maria R. , Nicolelis Miguel A. L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBack in 2012, Churchland and his colleagues proposed that “rotational dynamics”, uncovered through linear transformations of multidimensional neuronal data, represent a fundamental type of neuronal population processing in a variety of organisms, from the isolated leech central nervous system to the primate motor cortex. Here, we evaluated this claim using Churchland’s own data and simple simulations of neuronal responses. We observed that rotational patterns occurred in neuronal populations when (1) there was a temporal sequence in peak firing rates exhibited by individual neurons, and (2) this sequence remained consistent across different experimental conditions. Provided that such a temporal order of peak firing rates existed, rotational patterns could be easily obtained using a rather arbitrary computer simulation of neural activity; modeling of any realistic properties of motor cortical responses was not needed. Additionally, arbitrary traces, such as Lissajous curves, could be easily obtained from Churchland’s data with multiple linear regression. While these observations suggest that temporal sequences of neuronal responses could be visualized as rotations with various methods, we express doubt about Churchlandet al.’s bold assessment that such rotations are related to “an unexpected yet surprisingly simple structure in the population response”, which “explains many of the confusing features of individual neural responses”. Instead, we argue that their approach provides little, if any, insight on the underlying neuronal mechanisms employed by neuronal ensembles to encode motor behaviors in any species.
Early Life Maternal Separation and Maternal Behaviour Modulate Acoustic Characteristics of Rat Pup Ultrasonic Vocalizations
Authors: Kaidbey Jasmine H. , Ranger Manon , Myers Michael M. , Anwar Muhammad , Ludwig Robert J. , Schulz Alexandra M. , Barone Joseph L. , Kolacz Jacek , Welch Martha G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEarly separation of preterm infants from their mothers has adverse, long-term neurodevelopmental consequences. We investigated the effects of daily maternal separation (MS) of rat pups from postnatal days 2–10 (PND2–10) on neurobehavioural responses to brief isolation at PND12 compared with pups receiving controlled handling without MS. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) were measured at PND12 during two, 3-minute isolations occurring immediately before and after a 3-minute maternal reunion. There were no significant differences in acoustic characteristics between MS and control animals in the first isolation. However, in the second isolation, MS pups produced a greater proportion of high (~60 kHz) vs low (~40 kHz) frequency calls. During this isolation, control pups made longer and louder low frequency calls compared to the first isolation, whereas MS pups did the opposite. Maternal behaviour of control and MS mothers modulated pup acoustic characteristics in opposite directions; higher maternal care was associated with more low frequency calls in control pups but more high frequency calls in MS pups. We hypothesize that MS results in USV emission patterns reflective of a greater stress response to isolation. This translational model can be used to identify mechanisms and interventions that may be exploited to overcome the negative, long-term effects of MS.
Experience-dependent development of visual sensitivity in larval zebrafish
Authors: Xie Jiaheng , Jusuf Patricia R. , Bui Bang V. , Goodbourn Patrick T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular vertebrate model for studying visual development, especially at the larval stage. For many vertebrates, post-natal visual experience is essential to fine-tune visual development, but it is unknown how experience shapes larval zebrafish vision. Zebrafish swim with a moving texture; in the wild, this innate optomotor response (OMR) stabilises larvae in moving water, but it can be exploited in the laboratory to assess zebrafish visual function. Here, we compared spatial-frequency tuning inferred from OMR between visually naïve and experienced larvae from 5 to 7 days post-fertilisation. We also examined development of synaptic connections between neurons by quantifying post-synaptic density 95 (PSD-95) in larval retinae. PSD-95 is closely associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, the neurotransmitter-receptor proteins underlying experience-dependent visual development. We found that rather than following an experience-independent genetic programme, developmental changes in visual spatial-frequency tuning at the larval stage required visual experience. Exposure to motion evoking OMR yielded no greater improvement than exposure to static form, suggesting that increased sensitivity as indexed by OMR was driven not by motor practice but by visual experience itself. PSD-95 density varied with visual sensitivity, suggesting that experience may have up-regulated clustering of PSD-95 for synaptic maturation in visual development.
Ionic direct current modulation evokes spike-rate adaptation in the vestibular periphery
Authors: Manca Marco , Glowatzki Elisabeth , Roberts Dale C. , Fridman Gene Y. , Aplin Felix P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent studies have shown that ionic direct current (iDC) can modulate the vestibular system in-vivo, with potential benefits over conventional pulsed stimulation. In this study, the effects of iDC stimulation on vestibular nerve fiber firing rate was investigated using loose-patch nerve fiber recordings in the acutely excised mouse crista ampullaris of the semicircular canals. Cathodic and anodic iDC steps instantaneously reduced and increased afferent spike rate, with the polarity of this effect dependent on the position of the stimulating electrode. A sustained constant anodic or cathodic current resulted in an adaptation to the stimulus and a return to spontaneous spike rate. Post-adaptation spike rate responses to iDC steps were similar to pre-adaptation controls. At high intensities spike rate response sensitivities were modified by the presence of an adaptation step. Benefits previously observed in behavioral responses to iDC steps delivered after sustained current may be due to post-adaptation changes in afferent sensitivity. These results contribute to an understanding of peripheral spike rate relationships for iDC vestibular stimulation and validate an ex-vivo model for future investigation of cellular mechanisms. In conjunction with previous in-vivo studies, these data help to characterize iDC stimulation as a potential therapy to restore vestibular function after bilateral vestibulopathy.
Assessment of Risk and Resilience of Terrestrial Ecosystem Productivity under the Influence of Extreme Climatic Conditions over India
Authors: Jha Srinidhi , Das Jew , Goyal Manish Kumar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnalysing the link between terrestrial ecosystem productivity (i.e., Net Primary Productivity: NPP) and extreme climate conditions is vital in the context of increasing threats due to climate change. To reveal the impact of changing extreme conditions on NPP, a copula-based probabilistic model was developed, and the study was carried out over 25 river basins and 10 vegetation types of India. Further, the resiliency of the terrestrial ecosystems to sustain the extreme disturbances was evaluated at annual scale, monsoon, and non-monsoon seasons. The results showed, 15 out of 25 river basins were at high risks, and terrestrial ecosystems in only 5 river basins were resilient to extreme climatic conditions. Moreover, at least 50% area under 4 out of 10 vegetation cover types was found to be facing high chances of a drastic reduction in NPP, and 8 out of 10 vegetation cover types were non-resilient with the changing extreme climate conditions.
Palm Kernel Shell as an effective adsorbent for the treatment of heavy metal contaminated water
Authors: Baby Rabia , Saifullah Bullo , Hussein Mohd Zobir 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHeavy metal contamination in water causes severe adverse effects on human health. Millions of tons of kernel shell are produced as waste from oil palm plantation every year. In this study, palm oil kernel shell (PKS), an agricultural waste is utilized as effective adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals, namely; Cr6+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ from water. Different parameters of adsorptions; solution pH, adsorbent dosage, metal ions concentration and contact time were optimized. The PKS was found to be effective in the adsorption of heavy metal ions Cr6+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ from water with percentage removal of 98.92%, 99.01%, 84.23% and 83.45%, respectively. The adsorption capacities for Cr6+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ were found to be 49.65 mg/g, 43.12 mg/g, 49.62 mg/g and 41.72 mg/g respectively. Kinetics of adsorption process were determined for each metal ion using different kinetic models like the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and parabolic diffusion models. For each metal ion the pseudo-second order model fitted well with correlation coefficient, R2 = 0.999. Different isotherm models, namely Freundlich and Langmuir were applied for the determination of adsorption interaction between metal ions and PKS. Adsorption capacity was also determined for each of the metal ions. PKS was found to be very effective adsorbent for the treatment of heavy metal contaminated water and short time of two hours is required for maximum adsorption. This is a comprehensive study almost all the parameters of adsorptions were studied in detail. This is a cost effective and greener approach to utilize the agricultural waste without any chemical treatment, making it user friendly adsorbent.