bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An early dynamical instability among the Solar System’s giant planets triggered by the gas disk’s dispersal
Authors: Liu Beibei , Raymond Sean , Jacobson Seth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Solar System’s orbital structure is thought to have been sculpted by a dynamical instability among the giant planets[1–4]. Yet the instability trigger and exact timing have proved hard to pin down[5–9]. The giant planets formed within a gas-dominated disk around the young Sun. Motivated by giant exoplanet systems found in mean motion resonance[10], hydrodynamical modeling has shown that while the disk was present the giant planets migrated into a compact orbital configuration, in a chain of resonances[2,11]. Here we use a suite of dynamical simulations to show that the giant planets’ instability was likely triggered by the dispersal of the Sun’s gaseous disk. As the disk evaporated from the inside-out, its inner edge swept successively across and dynamically perturbed each planet’s orbit in turn. Saturn and each ice giants’ orbits were torqued strongly enough to migrate outward. As a given planet migrated outward with the disk’s inner edge the orbital configuration of the exterior system was compressed, triggering dynamical instability. The final orbits of our simulated systems match those of the Solar System for a viable range of astrophysical parameters. Our results demonstrate that the giant planet instability happened as the gaseous disk dissipated, constrained by astronomical observations to be a few to ten million years after the birth of the Solar System [12]. Late-stage terrestrial planet formation would occur mostly after such an early giant planet instability [13,14], thereby avoiding the possibility of de-stabilizing the terrestrial planets [15] and naturally accounting for the small mass of Mars relative to Earth and the mass depletion of the main asteroid belt [16].
Protective Effect of Gynura Bicolor Alcohol Extracts on Rat Kidney Epithelial&nbsp;NRK-52E Cells Induced by Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide
Authors: Hsieh Shu-Ling , Wu Chia-Hsuan , Wang Jyh-Jye , Li Chien-Chun , Wu Chih-Chung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Gynura bicolor is a common vegetable in the Asia and has many physiological effects. We aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of G. bicolor alcohol extracts (GBAEs). Methods: Rat kidney epithelial NRK-52E cell culture and kidney damage induction by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) were used as experimental models. In this study, the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, the levels of apoptosis and apoptosis-related molecules were analyzed in NRK-52E cells following t-BHP-induced injury. Results: The results showed the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased by levels by 61-71% and 41-59%, respectively, in NRK-52E cells treated with 0.5, 1, or 5 mg/ml GBAE combined with t-BHP compared with t-BHP-induced cells (p<0.05). The GSH levels and GSH-to-GSSG ratio were increased in NRK-52E cells treated with 0.5, 1, and 5 mg/ml GBAE combined with t-BHP compared to t-BHT-induced cells (p<0.05). The nitrite (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL-6, and TNF-α levels of NRK-52E cells treated with 0.5, 1, and 5 mg/ml GBAE combined with t-BHP were decreased compared with t-BHP-induced cells (p<0.05). In addition, Bcl-2 levels were increased after treatment with 5 mg/ml GBAE combined with t-BHP, and the levels of Bax and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the apoptosis percentage were decreased after treatment with 1 or 5 mg/ml GBAE combined with t-BHP induction compared to after t-BHP induction alone (p<0.05). Conclusions: These data showed that 5 mg/ml GBAE can protect against kidney cell damage induced by t-BHP. The mechanism involves reducing cell damage and apoptosis through decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation.
Does Digital Technology Reduce Health Disparity? Investigating Difference of Depression Stemming From Socioeconomic Status Among Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Mu Aruhan , Deng Zhaohua , Wu Xiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Prior studies on health disparity have shown that socioeconomic status is critical to inequality of health outcomes such as depression. However, two questions await further investigation: whether disparity in depression caused by socioeconomic status will become larger when depression becomes severer, and whether digital technology will reduce the disparity in depression caused by socioeconomic status. Our study aims to answer the above two questions. Methods: By using the dataset from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2015, we use quantile regression models to examine the effect of socioeconomic status on depression across different quantiles, and test the moderating effect of digital technology. Results: Our study obtains four key findings. First, the negative effects of socioeconomic status on depression present an increasing trend at high quantiles. Second, Internet usage exacerbates the disparity in depression caused by education level on average, but reduces this disparity caused by education level at high quantiles. Third, Internet usage reduces the disparity in depression caused by income on average and at high quantiles. Fourth, mobile phones have almost no moderating effect on the relationship between socioeconomic status and depression. Conclusions: Our findings suggest the potential use of digital technology in reducing disparity in depression caused by socioeconomic status among middle-aged and aged individuals in developing countries.
Incidence and Management of Retrobulbar Hemorrhage After Blowout Fracture Repair
Authors: Park Jae Hwi , Kim Inhye , Son Jun Hyuk 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Retrobulbar hemorrhage (RBH) is a rare complication after orbital surgery but associated with ocular complications including blindness. The aim of this study was to identify clinical characteristics of patients with RBH requiring emergent orbital decompression after blowout fracture repair.Method: A retrospective review of 426 blowout fracture patients at a tertiary oculoplastic clinic provided data regarding demographics, physical examination findings, and computed tomography (CT) images. Extraocular motility had been recorded in patient charts on a scale from 0 to -4. Patients requiring emergent orbital decompression due to RBH after surgery (RBH group) were compared with those who did not (Control group), using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Incidences of RBH according to primary or secondary surgery were also investigated, using Fisher’s exact test.Result: Six (1.4%) of the 426 patients who underwent blowout fracture repair developed RBH requiring emergent decompression. All RBH patients fully recovered after the decompression procedure. Number of days to surgery was significantly longer in the RBH group (97.0 ± 80.1) than in the Control group (29.0 ± 253.0) (p = 0.05). Preoperative enophthalmos was also significantly greater in the RBH group (RBH vs. Control group, 3.6±1.7 mm versus 1.2 ± 1.3 mm (p = 0.003)). The incidence of RBH was significantly higher in patients that underwent secondary surgery (odds ratio = 92.9 [95% confidence interval, 11.16 – 773.23], p = 0.001).Conclusions: Surgeons should pay more attention to hemostasis and postoperative care in patients with a large preoperative enophthalmic eye, when time from injury to surgery is long and in revision cases. When RBH occurs, time to intervention and surgical decompression is critical for visual recovery and preventing blindness. Trial registration: The institutional review board of the Yeungnam University Medical Center approved this study (YUMC 2018-11-010), which was conducted in accord with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Clinical and Therapeutic Features and Prognostic Factors of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Over Age 80: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hisada Hiroyuki , Takahashi Yu , Kubota Manabu , Shimura Haruhisa , Itobayashi Ei , Shimura Kenji , Nakamura Akira 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. The number of elderly patients with CRC increases due to aging of the population. There are few studies that examined chemotherapy and prognostic factors in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients aged ≥80 years. We assessed the efficacy of chemotherapy and prognostic factors among patients with mCRC aged ≥80 years.Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical and laboratory findings of 987 patients newly diagnosed with CRC at Asahi General Hospital (Chiba, Japan) between January 2012 and December 2016. Kaplan-Meir method was used for the overall survival (OS) and the log-rank test was used to identify difference between patients. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of prognostic factors among super-elderly patients.Results In total, 260 patients were diagnosed with mCRC (super-elderly group: n = 43, aged ≥80 years and younger group, n = 217, aged <80 years). The performance status and nutritional status were worse in the super-elderly group than in the younger group. The OS of super-elderly patients who received chemotherapy was worse than that of younger patients (18.5 vs. 28.8 months; P = 0.057), although the difference was not significant. The OS of patients who received chemotherapy tended to be longer than that of those who did not; however, there were no significant differences in OS in the super-elderly group (18.5 vs. 8.4 months P = 0.33). Multivariate analysis revealed that carcinoembryonic antigen levels ≥5 ng/mL (hazard ratio: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.09–4.74; P = 0.03) and prognostic nutritional index ≤35 (hazard ratio: 8.57; 95% CI: 2.63–27.9; P = 0.0003) were independently associated with poor OS in the super-elderly group.Conclusions Patients with mCRC aged ≥80 years had lower OS than younger patients even though they received chemotherapy. Carcinoembryonic antigen and prognostic nutritional index were independent prognostic factors in super-elderly patients with mCRC, but chemotherapy was not.Trial registration retrospectively registered.
Real-Time Coronary Artery Stenosis Detection Based on Modern Neural Networks
Authors: Danilov Viacheslav , Klyshnikov Kirill , Gerget Olga , Kutikhin Anton , Ganyukov Vladimir , Frangi Alejandro , Ovcharenko Evgeny 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Invasive coronary angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosing coronary artery disease, which may be complicated by both, patient-specific anatomy and image quality. Deep learning techniques aimed at detecting coronary artery stenoses may facilitate the diagnosis. However, previous studies have failed to achieve superior accuracy and performance for real-time labeling. Our study is aimed at confirming the feasibility of real-time coronary artery stenosis detection using deep learning methods. To reach this goal we trained and tested eight promising detectors based on different neural network architectures (MobileNet, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, Inception ResNet, NASNet) using clinical angiography data of 100 patients.Three neural networks have demonstrated superior results. The network based on Faster-RCNN Inception ResNet V2 is the most accurate and it achieved the mean Average Precision of 0.954 and the prediction rate of 3 fps on the validation subset. The relatively lightweight SSD MobileNet V2 network proved itself as the fastest one with an mAP of 0.830 and a mean prediction rate of 38 fps. The model based on RFCN ResNet-101 V2 has demonstrated an optimal accuracy-to-speed ratio. Its mAP makes up 0.94, while the prediction speed is 10 fps.The resultant performance-accuracy balance of the modern neural networks has confirmed the feasibility of real-time coronary artery stenosis detection supporting the decision-making process of the Heart Team interpreting coronary angiography findings.
Association of Dio2 Thr92ala Polymorphism With Pediatric Obesity in Japanese Children: A Case Control Study
Authors: Ota Takeshi , Mori Jun , Yasuda Hirotsugu , Yamaguchi Mihoko , Miyagaki Satoshi , Kawabe Yasuhiro , Tsuma Yusuke , Morimoto Hidechika , Shigehara Keiichi , Fukuhara Shota , Kodo Kazuki , Sugimoto Satoru , Kosaka Kitaro , Nakajima Hisakazu , Hosoi Hajime 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundGenetic factors play a critical role in the onset and progression of obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is also critical for adiposity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and effects of gene polymorphisms related to BAT in pediatric obesity.MethodsA case-control study with 270 non-obese and 86 obese children was performed. All participants underwent genotyping of type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) Thr92Ala (rs225014), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) -3826 A/G (rs1800592), and β3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR) Trp64Arg (rs4994).ResultsIn the case-control study, the prevalence of the homozygous Ala/Ala allele of the DIO2 gene in the obese group was 15.1 % versus 6.3 % in the non-obese group, resulting in an odds ratio (OR) of 3.393 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.498-7.687, P = 0.003). The genotype distribution of UCP1-3826 A/G and ß3AR Trp64Arg did not significantly differ between the obese and the non-obese groups, and the ORs were 1.831 (95% CI, 0.955-3.512, P = 0.069) and 0.819 (95% CI, 0.263-2.555, P = 0.731), respectively.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that the homozygous Ala/Ala allele of the DIO2 gene is associated with an increased risk of obesity in children.
Porphyromonas Gingivalis Biofilm Formation on an Implant Surface Treated With Nanoselenium
Authors: Assadawy Mohamed , Helmy Eman 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Biofilm formation on implants is the primary factor for implant loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a highly virulent pathogen that contributes to the development of periodontal disease and implant failure.Objectives: The goals of this study are to investigate the formation of P. gingivalis biofilms on nanoselenium-coated implants in vitro and the potential use of nanoselenium for peri-implantitis treatment.Materials and methods: Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 was cultured to obtain an in vitro mature biofilm on the surface of the Hexacone implant system. The fixture was added into an Eppendorf tube and placed in a sterile air laminar flow cabinet. An automatic machine learning utility was used to calculate the biofilm size on the implant surface from SEM images, and the Trainable Weka Segmentation plugin in Fiji software was employed.Results The SeNPs affected the P. gingivalis biofilm (the effect size was 80.17%), and the difference was highly significant (p 0.000).Conclusion: The use of SeNPs as dental implant coatings presented promising anti-P. gingivalis biofilm activity.Clinical relevance:: The development of a dental implant surface treatment with efficient antibacterial properties, especially against the most virulent pathogens, has not yet been established.Principal findings: Nanoselenium particles as an implant surface coating prevented Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm formation to a striking extent.Practical implication: Nanoparticles could provide a novel state-of-the-art therapeutic approach for Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis biofilm on dental implants)
Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Improved Intestinal Permeability by Regulating Gut Innate Immunity in Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Jin Zhangliu , Chen Kai , Zhou Zhe , Peng Weihui , Liu Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been proven to be the most effective treatment for morbid obesity, yet the impact of RYGB on intestinal permeability is fully unknown. In this work, we subjected obese mice to RYGB and sham operation procedures. Serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inflammatory cytokines and intestinal permeability were measured at 8 weeks postsurgery. In contrast to sham surgery, RYGB reduced body weight, improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, and decreased serum levels of LPS, IL6 and TNFα. Intestinal permeability of the common limb and colon was significantly improved in the RYGB group compared to the sham group. The mRNA levels of IL1β, IL6, and TLR4 of the intestine were significantly decreased in the RYGB group compared with the sham group. The expression of intestinal islet-derived 3β (REG3β), islet-derived 3γ (REG3γ) and IAP was higher in the RYGB group than in the sham group. In conclusion, in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model,RYGB improved intestinal permeability and attenuated systemic inflammation by downregulating intestinal inflammation and innate immunity, which might result from enhanced production of IAP and antimicrobial peptides.
Mixed Convection Stagnation Point Flow of the Blood Based Hybrid Nanofluid Around A Rotating Sphere
Authors: Gul Taza , Ali Basit , Nasir Saleem , Jawad Muhammad , Saeed Anwar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this new world of fluid technologies, hybrid nanofluid has become a productive subject of research among scientists for its potential thermal features and abilities, which provides an excellent result as compared to nanofluids in growing the rate of heat transport. Our purpose here is to introduce the substantial influences of magnetic field on 2D, time dependent and stagnation point inviscid flow of couple stress hybrid nanofluid around a rotating sphere with base fluid is pure blood, TiO2, and, Ag as the nanoparticles. To translate the governing system of partial differential equations and the boundary conditions relevant for computation, some suitable transformations are implemented. To obtain the analytical estimations for the corresponding system of differential expression, the innovative Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) approach is used. The characteristics of hybrid nanofluid flow patterns, including temperature, velocity and concentration profiles are simulated and analyzed in detail due to the variation in the evolving variables. A detailed research is also performed in order to investigate the influences of relevant constraints on the rates, momentum and heat transport for both TiO2 + Ag + Blood and TiO2 + Blood. One of the many outcomes of this analysis, it is observed that increasing the magnetic factor will decelerate the hybrid nanofluid flow velocity and improve the temperature profile. It may also be demonstrated that by increasing the Brownian motion factor, significant improvement can be made in the concentration field of hybrid nanofluid. The increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction from 0.01 to 0.02 in case of the hybrid nanofluid enhance the thermal conductivity from 5.8% to 11.947% and for the same value of the nanoparticle volume fraction in case of nanofluid enhance the thermal conductivity from 2.576% to 5.197%.
Horizontal Bone Augmentation and Simultaneous Implant Placement using Xenogeneic Bone Rings Technique: A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Ding Yude , Wang LianFei , Su Kuiwei , Gao Jinxing , Li Xiao , Cheng Gang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives: This study evaluated the use of bone ring technique with xenogeneic bone grafts in treating horizontal alveolar bone defects. Material and methods: In total, 11 patients in need of horizontal bone augmentation treatment before implant placement were included in this retrospective study. All patients received simultaneous bone augmentation surgery and implant placement with xenogeneic bone ring grafts. We evaluated the postoperative efficacy of the bone ring technique with xenogeneic bone grafts using radiographical and clinical parameters. Results: Survival rates of implants were 100%. Cone-beam computed tomography revealed that the xenogeneic bone ring graft had significantly sufficient horizontal bone augmentation below the implant neck platform to 0 mm, 1mm, 2mm, and 3mm. It could also provide an excellent peri-implant tissue condition during the one-year follow-up after loading. Conclusion: The bone ring technique with xenogeneic bone ring graft could increase and maintain horizontal bone mass in the region of the implant neck platforms in serious horizontal bone defects.
The Comorbidity of HIV, Hypertension and Diabetes: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Challenges Faced by Healthcare Providers and Patients in Selected Urban and Rural Health Facilities where the ICDM Model is Implemented in South Africa
Authors: Godongwana Motlatso , Billings Nicole De Wet , Milovanovic Minja 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPeople living with HIV (PLWH) are living longer as a result of advancement and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. As the life expectancy of PLWH increases, they are at increased risk of hypertension. MethodsWe conducted 24 in-depth interviews to understand the challenges faced by healthcare providers and PLWH with chronic comorbidities under the Integrated Chronic Disease Management (ICDM) model implemented in health facilities in South Africa. Thematic content analysis was conducted. ResultsThe challenges experienced included lack of staff capacity, unclear guidelines on the delivery of integrated care for patients with HIV chronic comorbidities, pill burden, non-disclosure, financial burden, poor knowledge of treatments, relocation of patients and access to treatment. Lack of support and integrated chronic programmes including minimal information regarding the management of HIV chronic comorbidities were another concern. ConclusionStandardised guidelines and training, increasing staff capacity and addressing socio-economic barriers is critical to achieving the outcomes of the ICDM.
Ultra-high Critical Current Densities of Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-d thin Films in the Overdoped State
Authors: Stangl Alexander , Palau Anna , Deutscher Guy , Obradors Xavier , Puig Teresa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Doping is one of the most relevant paths to tune the functionality of cuprates, it determines carrier density and the overall physical properties of these superconducting materials. We present an oxygen doping study of YBa2Cu3O7-d (YBCO) thin films from underdoped to overdoped state, correlating the measured charge carrier density, nH, the hole doping, p, and the critical current density, Jc. Our results show experimental demonstration of a linear correlation between Jc and nH, up to Quantum Critical Point (QCP), due to an increase of the superconducting condensation energy. The ultra-high Jc achieved, 90 MA cm-2 at 5 K corresponds to a third of the depairing current, i.e. a value 60 % higher than ever reported in YBCO films. The overdoped regime is confirmed by a sudden increase of nH, associated to the reconstruction of the Fermi-surface at the QCP. Overdoping YBCO opens a promising route to extend the current carrying capabilities of REBCO coated conductors for applications.