bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical profile of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in a centre from South Kerala
Authors: Krishna S Veni , Ninan Mathew , J Balachandran , Sukumaran P , Thomas Beena 
Published: September 2020

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), a common but under-recognized sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) which is associated with significant morbidity and increased mortality. The aim of this study done in South Kerala was to assess the clinical profile and comorbidities of patients with moderate to severe form of OSASPatients included in the study were from a speciality sleep clinic and had symptoms of OSAS or risk factors for significant sleep apnea. They underwent a supervised polysomnography (PSG) with a portable equipment at home after history taking, relevant clinical evaluation, and pre-requisite workup.One hundred and forty patients were included in the study and 87.9% (123) of the patients were detected to have moderate or severe OSAS (Apnea Hypopnea Index AHI&#62;15 episodes/hour), 81 % (100) of these patients with significant ( moderate or severe) sleep apnea were males having a mean age of 47.9 years, mean body mass index of 33.6 kg/mand an average neck circumference of 41.2 cm. 80% of patients with moderate to severe OSAS were between the ages of 31-60 years.61.7% and 41% of patients with significant OSAS had hypertension and diabetes respectively. Body mass index and neck circumference had a direct correlation with the severity of OSAS.The data was analysed using SPSS 20.0. The factors and co-morbidities associated with OSAS were analysed using Chi-square tests and Independent Sample t-tests. Pearson's correlation coefficient and a linear regression model was made to find out the possible predictors for AHI Scores and a p value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant.Our study on the clinical profile of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome from a centre in South Kerala shows male predilection, frequent association with obesity and cardiovascular co-morbidities such as hypertension and diabetes.
Interrogating the Administrative and Institutional framework of Social Security provisioning in Botswana Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Mogomotsi Ntseane Dolly , Solo Kholisani 
Published: September 2020

This paper seeks to explore the administrative and institutional framework of social security provisioning in Botswana. It commences by locating social security within the socio political context. It then considers its cultural dimension. It then proceeds to consider the provision of indirect social services, health care, settlement and housing and then water and sanitation. Finally, it discusses the institutional framework upon which the above are based and prospects and challenges
Eksplorasi, isolasi dan identifikasi Jamur entomopatogen yang menginfeksi serangga hama
Authors: Arsi Arsi , Pujiastuti Yulia , Kusuma Suparman Surya Hadi , Gunawan Bambang 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Entomopathogenic fungi are classified as a fungus that infects insect pests. Hyphae color that comes out of the insect's body depends on the type of entomopathogenic fungus that attacks it. The purpose of this research is to explore, isolate and identify entomopathogenic fungi that attack insect pests. Samples of dead insects were taken from vegetable crops in the highlands of Pagaralam City and the lowlands of Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. In addition, exploration is also carried out using insect bait methods. This method is carried out on soils taken from the highlands of the fencealam area and Pekanbaru area. Based on the results of entomopathogenic expolation in vegetable plants that infect insects in the field there are 2 types of fungi that attack the insect. Two types of entomapatogenic fungi were found to have characteristics, namely the first hyphal color is rather green which covers the entire body of the insect and the second is white hyphae. The fungus that attacks the insect, then isolated to the GYA media found two entomopathogenic fungi namely, Metarhizium sp. and Beauveria bassiana. Meanwhile, through insect bait using soil T. molitor larvae, one species of entomopathogenic fungus was found, namely Metarhizium sp. The most infected T. molitor larvae in the soil of origin of Pekanbaru in the 2nd and 4th weeks, namely, 21.90 and 29.33 tails.

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Keywords: Entomopathogenic Fungus, Insect Pest and Tenibrio molitor
Acordes e desacordos
Authors: Freitas Sérgio Paulo Ribeiro de 
Published: September 2020

Diálogos com o referencial schoenberguiano são relevantes para a análise e crítica da música popular atual? Soluções wagnerianas ainda ressoam nas sucessões harmônicas que podemos ouvir em obras deste repertório? Tais questões estão articuladas a juízos de valor que formal ou informalmente sancionamos em música popular? Neste texto são apresentadas ponderações que, em princípio, dão respostas afirmativas para estas três perguntas. Observando acordos e desacordos nas teses destes dois vultosos personagens do germanocentrismo musical, primeiramente são considerados alguns argumentos schoenberguianos a respeito do artisticamente progressivo e daquilo que pode ser apontado como procedimento musical regressivo. Em seguida, são comentadas algumas escolhas composicionais defendidas por Wagner, tais como o verso aliterativo e a harmonização dramaticamente motivada. Por fim, exercitando pontos de contato entre a cultura da tonalidade expandida do século XIX e planos tonais que gozam de considerável prestígio em determinado repertório popular de meados do século XX, sugere-se que repensar tais questões é algo que pode contribuir para a reapreciação de valores que, tacitamente, aprendemos a defender.
Pseudoaneurysm of the Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Miwa Yuki , Matsumura Noboru , Suzuki Taku , Iwamoto Takuji , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio 
Published: September 2020

Case:
A 78-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis and a massive rotator cuff tear of the right shoulder was treated with reverse shoulder arthroplasty, but a pseudoaneurysm in the posterior humeral circumflex artery suddenly ruptured 7 months after surgery. Embolization of the pseudoaneurysm and skin treatment successfully relieved her symptoms without implant removal.

Conclusion:
Although a rare occurrence, vascular complication can occur after shoulder arthroplasty. The cause of the pseudoaneurysm was hypothesized to be repetitive contact between the humeral component and the artery and/or chronic traction of the blood vessel because of its chronic onset.
Bilateral Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Avulsion Fractures in an Adolescent with Type I Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Cameron Joshuea , Wallace Maegen 
Published: September 2020

Case:
A 13-year-old boy with known type I osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) presented with bilateral asynchronous anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) apophyseal avulsion fractures 6 weeks apart. Each happened while running. These were successfully treated nonoperatively, and he went on to heal.

Conclusion:
Apophyseal avulsion fractures in patients with OI have been reported in the literature around the elbow and knee; however, to the author's knowledge, this is the first report of an AIIS avulsion fracture in a patient with type I OI. The fractures were treated successfully nonoperatively with activity modification and healed well.
Herpes Zoster–Mediated Radiculitis After Lumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Xará-Leite Francisco , Pinto Freitas Miguel , Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo 
Published: September 2020

Cases:
Two cases of herpetic neuralgia after lumbar fusion are reported. Although in one case the diagnosis was evident and treatment promptly initiated, the second exhibited a less typical presentation of neuralgia predating the cutaneous rash leading to a misdiagnosis of persistent nerve root stenosis, with additional surgeries and a longer hospital stay.

Conclusion:
The cases presented highlight why postoperative neuralgia should be approached carefully and systematically investigated. Although rare, postoperative neuralgia may occur as a consequence of postoperative herpes zoster infection. Failure to promptly diagnose this condition may lead to unnecessary surgery that has associated risks and morbidity.
Using Nominal Group Technique to Elucidate a COVID-19 Research Agenda for Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Populations
Authors: Ikedionwu Chioma A , Dongarwar Deepa , Yusuf Korede K , Maiyegun Sitratullah O. , Ibrahimi Sahra , Salihu Hamisu M. 
Published: September 2020

As the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, robust data describing its effect on maternal and child health (MCH) remains limited. The aim of this study was to elucidate an agenda for COVID-19 research with particular focus on its impact within MCH populations. This was achieved using the Nominal Group Technique through which researchers identified and ranked 12 research topics across various disciplines relating to MCH in the setting of COVID-19. Proposed research topics included vaccine development, genomics, and artificial intelligence among others. The proposed research priorities could serve as a template for a vigorous COVID-19 research agenda by the NIH and other national funding agencies in the US.
Key words: • COVID-19 • Coronavirus • Pandemics • Maternal and child health • MCH • Big data • Artificial intelligence

Copyright © 2020 Ikedionwu et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
Reliability of Tibiofemoral Contact Area and Centroid Location in an Upright, Open MRI (UO-MRI)
Authors: Schmidt Andrew , Stockton David J. , Hunt Michael A. , Yung Andrew , Masri Bassam A. , Wilson David R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: In biomechanical studies using conventional closed-bore MR, imaging cannot be performed during natural weightbearing which has necessitated simulating weightbearing load on the joint. Upright, open MRI (UO-MRI) allows for joint imaging during natural weightbearing and may have the potential to better characterize the biomechanical effect of tibiofemoral pathology involving soft tissues. However open MRI scanners have lower field strengths than closed-bore scanners, which limits the image quality that can be obtained. Thus, there is a need to establish the reliability of measurements in upright weightbearing postures obtained via the UO-MRI.Methods: Manual segmentation of cartilage regions in contact from participants with prior anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture was performed and centroids of those contact areas were automatically determined for the medial (MC) and lateral (LC) tibiofemoral compartments. To assess reliability, inter-rater, test-retest, and intra-rater reliability were determined by intra-class correlation (ICC3,1), standard error of measurement (SEM), smallest detectable change with 95% confidence (SDC95). Accuracy was assessed by using a high-resolution, 7T MRI as a reference and determined by mean absolute error (MAE).Results: Contact area and centroid location reliability (inter-rater, test-retest, and intra-rater) for sagittal scans in the MC demonstrated ICC3,1 values from 0.95-0.99 and 0.98-0.99 respectively, and in the LC from 0.83-0.91 and 0.95-1.00 respectively. The smallest detectable change in contact area was 1.28% in the MC and 0.95% in the LC. Contact area and centroid location reliability for coronal scans in the MC demonstrated ICC3,1 values from 0.90-0.98 and 0.98-1.00 respectively, and in the LC from 0.76-0.94 and 0.93-1.00 respectively. The smallest detectable change in contact area was 0.65% in the MC and 1.41% in the LC. Contact area segmentation was accurate to within a MAE of 11.0 mm2.Conclusions: Knee contact area and contact centroid location can be assessed in upright weightbearing MRI with good to excellent reliability. The lower field strength used in upright, weightbearing MRI does not compromise the reliability of tibiofemoral contact area and centroid location measures.
Pursue today and assess tomorrow - how students’ subjective perceptions influence their preference for self- and peer assessments
Authors: Melser Meskuere Capan , Lettner Stefan , Bäwert Andjela , Puttinger Claudia , Holzinger Anita 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Alternative assessments engage students in the assessment process to improve both short- and long-term outcomes by developing their judgments and responsibility about their own learning, and that of their peers. In this study, we investigated students’ perception towards self- and peer-assessment, their objectivity and impact on students’ learning. Methods: The study was conducted at the Medical University of Vienna. Attitudes of second year undergraduate medical students towards self- and peer-assessment, and their objectivity, appropriateness, and the impact of these assessments on students’ learning activities, was inquired using a self-developed questionnaire. Results: 423 students participated in this study. Self-assessment was found more appropriate method to assess students’ knowledge. Most of students agreed that peer-assessment is not objective (M= -0.07). Majority of students evaluated that peer assessment has no or little impact on their active and passive learning (M= -0.23, -0.35), on the other hand self-assessment was reported as a helpful tool for gaining long-term knowledge (M= 0.13) and following the content of courses (M= 0.16). Conclusion: Based on our results, students’ perspective on peer assessment were negative, on the whole, students had positive attitudes towards self-assessment and negative attitudes towards peer-assessment. This study also determined that self-assessment leads to the promotion of students’ learning.
Determinants for Choice of&nbsp;Home Birth over Health Facility Birth among Women of Reproductive Age in Tanzania: An Analysis of Data from the 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey
Authors: Moshi Fabiola Vincent , Mbotwa Christopher H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: While evidence has shown an association between place of birth and birth outcomes, factors contributing to the choice of home birth have not been adequately investigated in Tanzania while more than 30% of deliveries occur outside of health care facilities, and more than 95% of those deliveries are assisted by non-medical providers who are often unskilled. The use of unskilled birth attendants has been cited as a factor contributing to the high maternal and neonatal mortalities in low-resources countries. This study aimed to identify determinants of choice for home birth over health care facility birth in Tanzania.Method: This study used the 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (2015-16 TDHS-MIS) dataset. A total of 2286 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who gave birth within one year preceding the survey were included in the analysis. Both univariate and multivariable regression analyses were used to determine predictors for the choice of home-based childbirth over health care facility delivery.Results: A total of 805 (35.2%) women had a home birth. After adjusting for confounders, the determinants for choice of home birth were: the level of education (primary education [AOR=0.666; p=0.001]; secondary and higher education [AOR=0.417; p<0.001]), in reference to no formal education; not owning a mobile phone (AOR= 1.312; p=0.018); parity (parity 2-4 [AOR=1.594; p=0.004], parity 5 and above [AOR=2.158; p<0.001] in reference to parity 1); inadequate antenatal visits (AOR=1.406; p=0.001); wealth index (poorest (AOR=9.395, p<0.001); poorer (AOR=7.701; p<0.001); middle (AOR=5.961; p<0.001); richer (AOR=2.557; p<0.001)] in reference to richest women; and Zones (Southern Highlands, [AOR=0.189; p<0.001]; Southern, [AOR=0.225; p<0.001]; Zanzibar, [AOR=2.55; p<0.001]) in reference to Western zone. Conclusion: A large proportion of women birth at home. Unskilled providers such as traditional birth attendants (TBAs), relatives or friends attend most of them. Predictors for home-based childbirth included lack of formal education, poor access to telecommunication, poor uptake of antenatal visits, low socio-economic status, and geographical zone. Innovative strategies targeting these groups are needed to increase the use of health care facilities for childbirth, thereby reducing maternal and neonatal mortality in Tanzania.
Intelligent Modularized Reconfigurable Mechanisms for Robots: Development and Experiment
Authors: Xu Wenfu , Han Liang , Wang Xin , Yuan Han , Liang Bin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
With the development of intelligent flexible manufacturing, traditional industrial manipulators with a single configuration are difficult to meet a variety of tasks. Reconfigurable robots have developed rapidly which could change their configurations and end effectors for different tasks. The reconfigurable connecting mechanism (RCM) is a core component of reconfigurable robots. In this paper, two types of intelligent modularized RCMs with light weight, high payload, and large pose (position and attitude) error tolerance are developed. One is driven by shape memory alloy (SMA) and recovery spring. It is locked by steel balls and key. The other is driven by electromagnetic coil and locked by permanent magnet and key. The locking principle, mechanical system and control system of the two RCMs are detailed introduced. Both of them meet the requirements of high precision and high payload in the industrial field. Finally, the developed RCMs are respectively integrated to a practical robot and experimented. The experiment results verified the performance of the two RCMs.
Increased Vδ1 γδT cells Predominantly Contributed to IL-17 Production in the Development of Adult Human Post-infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: dong liwei , sun xiaoning , ma zhichao , fu jiao , liu fujin , huang baili , liang dongchun , sun deming , lan cheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: γδT cells play an important role in the mucosa inflammation and immunity-associated disorders. Our previous study reported that γδT cells producing IL-17 were involved in the pathogenesis of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). However, their subset characteristic profile in this kind of disease remains unclear. Thus the current study’s aim is to investigate the functionally predominant subset and its role in PI-IBS. Methods: The total T cells were collected from the peripheral blood of patients with PI-IBS. The peripheral proportion of Vδ1 and Vδ2 subset was detected by FACS after stained with anti δ1-PE and anti δ2-APC. The local colonic proportion of this two subsets were measured under laser confocal fluorescence microscope. Vδ1 γδT cells were enriched from the total peripheral T cells by minoantibody-immuno-microbeads (MACS) method. and cultured, functionally evaluated by CCK-8 assay (proliferation)，CD69/CD62L molecules expression assay (activation) and ELISA (IL-17 production) respectively. Results: 1. Vδ1 γδ T cells significantly increased while Vδ2 gd T cells remained unchanged in both the peripheral blood and local colonic tissue from PI-IBS patients (P<0.05). 2. When cultured in vitro, the Vδ1 gd T cells remarkably proliferated, activated and produced IL-17 (P<0.05）. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Vδ1 γδ T cells was the predominant γδ T cells subset in both peripheral and intestinal tissue, and was the major IL-17 producing γδ T cells in PI-IBS.
Somatic mutation detection efficiency in EGFR: a comparison between High Resolution Melting Analysis and Sanger Sequencing
Authors: Joy Reenu Anne , Thelakkattusserry Sukrishna Kamalasanan , Vikkath Narendranath , Bhaskaran Renjitha , Vasudevan Damodaran , Krishnan Sajitha , Ariyannur Prasanth S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background : High resolution melting curve analysis is a cost-effective rapid screening method for detection of somatic gene mutation. The performance characteristics of this technique has been explored previously, however, analytical parameters such as limit of detection of mutant allele fraction and total concentration of DNA, have not been addressed. The current study focuses on comparing the mutation detection efficiency of High-Resolution Melt Analysis (HRM) with Sanger Sequencing in somatic mutations of the EGFR gene in non-small cell lung cancer. Methods : The minor allele fraction of somatic mutations was titrated against total DNA concentration using Sanger sequencing and HRM to determine the limit of detection. The mutant and wildtype allele fractions were validated by multiplex allele-specific real-time PCR. Somatic mutation detection efficiency, for exons 19 & 21 of the EGFR gene, was compared in 116 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumor tissues, after screening 275 tumor tissues by Sanger sequencing. Results : The limit of detection of minor allele fraction of exon 19 mutation was 1% with Sequencing, and 0.25% with HRM, whereas for exon 21 mutation, 0.25% MAF was detected using both methods. Multiplex allele-specific real-time PCR revealed that the wildtype DNA did not impede the amplification of mutant allele in mixed DNA assays. All mutation positive samples detected by Sanger sequencing, were also detected by HRM. About 28% cases in exon 19 and 40% in exon 21, detected as mutated in HRM, were not detected by sequencing. Overall, sensitivity and specificity of HRM were found to be 100% and 67% respectively, and the negative predictive value was 100%, while positive predictive value was 80%. Conclusion : The comparative series study suggests that HRM is a modest initial screening test for somatic mutation detection of EGFR , which must further be confirmed by Sanger sequencing. With the modification of annealing temperature of initial PCR, the limit of detection of Sanger sequencing can be improved.
The pathological features of hip abductor tendon tears – a cadaveric study
Authors: Zhu Mark , Smith Brittany , Krishna Sanjeev , Musson David S. , Riordan Peter R. , McGlashan Sue R. , Cornish Jillian , Munro Jacob T. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The hip abductors are crucial in maintaining pelvic stability. Tears in these tendons are common and often debilitating. There is uncertainty regarding both the histological and macroscopic features of hip abductor tears. This study aims to clarify both the macroscopic and microscopic features of the tendon and enthesis in hip abductor tendon tears.Methods: Thirty-six cadavers with an average age of 81 were dissected, and the hip abductor mechanisms removed en-bloc. The presence, location and size of the tears were recorded and analysed. The samples were processed into histological blocks and viewed using both transmitted and polarised light. Tendon histology was graded using the modified Movin’s score in three sections (deep, middle and superficial layers) and the enthesis graded separately using 5-point criteria. Analysis of variance was used to confirm histological features associated with tears. Results: Tears were found in 24 of 36 samples (67%). The most common finding was an isolated tear in the gluteus minimus (46%), followed by concurrent gluteus medius and gluteus minimus tears (33%). Histology revealed significantly more degeneration in both the tendon (p=0.0005) and enthesis (p=0.0011) when tears were present. Furthermore, these changes were concentrated in the deeper layers of the tendon (p=0.0002) and enthesis (p=0.003). Conclusion: This study demonstrated degeneration as the primary pathology underlying hip abductor tendon tears. Degenerative changes occur in both the tendon and enthesis, with the deeper layers predominantly affected. These findings are important for guiding surgical repair techniques and to aid the development of novel materials and biologics.