bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Time Reckoning
Authors: Ialenti Vincent 
Published: September 2020

A guide to long-term thinking: how to envision the far future of Earth.
We live on a planet careening toward environmental collapse that will be largely brought about by our own actions. And yet we struggle to grasp the scale of the crisis, barely able to imagine the effects of climate change just ten years from now, let alone the multi-millennial timescales of Earth's past and future life span. In this book, Vincent Ialenti offers a guide for envisioning the planet's far future—to become, as he terms it, more skilled deep time reckoners. The challenge, he says, is to learn to inhabit a longer now.
Ialenti takes on two overlapping crises: the Anthropocene, our current moment of human-caused environmental transformation; and the deflation of expertise—today's popular mockery and institutional erosion of expert authority. The second crisis, he argues, is worsening the effects of the first. Hearing out scientific experts who study a wider time span than a Facebook timeline is key to tackling our planet's emergency. Astrophysicists, geologists, historians, evolutionary biologists, climatologists, archaeologists, and others can teach us the art of long-termism.
For a case study in long-term thinking, Ialenti turns to Finland's nuclear waste repository “Safety Case” experts. These scientists forecast far future glaciations, climate changes, earthquakes, and more, over the coming tens of thousands—or even hundreds of thousands or millions—of years. They are not pop culture “futurists” but data-driven, disciplined technical experts, using the power of patterns to construct detailed scenarios and quantitative models of the far future. This is the kind of time literacy we need if we are to survive the Anthropocene.
An Osteopathic Modular Approach to Asthma: A Narrative Review
Authors: Schend Jason , Rowane Marija , Sanan Neha , Hostoffer Sir Robert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Asthma is among of the first ailments documented in the existing academic literature as being successfully managed with osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) techniques. Time-efficient and well-tolerated OMT techniques have been gradually added to the literature to manage this increasingly prevalent disease. In this narrative review, the authors discuss previously-published literature describing the history, diagnosis, and management of asthma related to osteopathic principles and practices and OMT application. They also present current and newly-approved medical managements, including biologics and inhaled corticosteroids. This article also includes supplemental videos showcasing OMT techniques for asthma management, which were developed by the authors based on recommendations indicated in the literature.
Inventory Management Practices and Operational Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Ghana
Authors: Opoku Richard Kofi , Fiati Helen Mawuena , Kaku Gregory , Ankomah Joseph , Agyemang Faustina Opoku- 
Published: September 2020

Aims: The study examined the effect of different inventory management practices on the operational performance of manufacturing firms in Ghana.
Study Design: The study adopted the descriptive survey design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted among manufacturing firms within the Accra, Tema and Kumasi metropolises in Ghana between November 2019 and February 2020.
Methodology: The study randomly sampled 152 Procurement and Operations managers and officers from 246 registered manufacturing firms with the Association of Ghana Industries. The manufacturing firms are specifically located within the Accra, Tema and Kumasi metropolises. The study gathered primary data using structured questionnaires of which analysis was done using both descriptive and inferential statistical tools including mean, standard deviation and ordinary least square regression.
Results: Using 114 valid responses, the study found manufacturing firms in Ghana to have high preference for Strategic Supplier Partnership (M=3.63) and Activity Based Costing (M=3.56, whereas they had least preference for Just In Time (M=3.06). The ordinary least square regression analysis showed that all the different inventory management practices: strategic supplier partnership (P=.000), activity based costing (P=.025), vendor managed inventory (P=.008), economic order quantity (P=.19), material resource planning (P=.000) and just in time (P=.009) are significantly and positively associated with operational performance.
Conclusion: The study concluded that inventory management practices especially strategic supplier partnership plays tremendous roles in improving the operational performance levels of manufacturing firms in a developing economy notably Ghana.
The Role of Principal Leadership in Preventing COVID-19 Transmission at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Karang Tengah Buay Madang Timur Indonesia
Authors: Hasim Wahid , Hasanah Enung 
Published: September 2020

Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore (1) the role of the principal's leadership (2) the steps for decision-making by the principal (3) the efforts of the principal in preventing transmission of the COVID-19 virus in SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Karang Tengah Buay Madang Timur, Indonesia
Study Design: This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods.
Place and Duration of Study: Research at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Karang Tengah on March 2020-May 2020.
Methodology: The data collection technique is doing through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research subjects were the principal and several students.
Results: The results of this study indicate that (1) the role of the principal in decision making is included in managerial competence. (2) the steps for decision making by the principal, namely (a) problem identification, (b) making alternative solutions; (c) choosing a solution; (d) implementing and evaluating solutions. (3) the efforts of the principal in preventing the transmission of the Covid-19 virus in the school environment, namely by eliminating face-to-face learning and learning replaced by online education or Learning From Home. Schools also spray all classrooms and school environments; the principal makes rules for all school members to comply with health protocols according to the decision of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number Hk.01.07 / Menkes / 382/2020 regarding health protocols always to use masks, wash hands and keep a distance from all school members. At the time of collecting students, assignments are divided into several waves so that students do not crowd at school.
Conclusion: The principal acts as a manager at the school level. In decision making at the school level, a manager must reason in determining the decisions to be made. To prevent transmission of COVID-19, the principal adheres to the health protocol according to the decision of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number Hk.01.07 / Menkes / 382/2020 during school activities.
Furin‐Instructed Intracellular Gold Nanoparticle Aggregation for Tumor Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Chen Jihua , Ma Yinchu , Du Wei , Dai Tianyue , Wang Yanfang , Jiang Wei , Wan Yifei , Wang Yucai , Liang Gaolin , Wang Guangfeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractToday, exploring ideal photothermal agents (PTAs) for effective photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer is an important issue. Cancer‐related enzyme‐instructed aggregation of gold nanoparticles less than 8 nm in diameter will significantly enhance the PTT efficiency of the traditional PTA gold nanoparticle (AuNP). Furin is a type of trans‐Golgi protein convertase upregulated in multiple malignancies. However, furin‐instructed intracellular aggregation of AuNP in cancer cells for PTT of tumor has not yet been reported. Herein, exploiting the advantages of furin and a biocompatible 2‐cyanobenzothiazole‐cysteine (CBT‐Cys) condensation reaction, a furin‐instructed intracellular gold nanoparticle aggregation strategy is developed and a furin‐responsive gold nanoparticle platform (AuNP@1) is designed for effective PTT of cancer both in vitro and in vivo. After being internalized via the high furin‐expression cancer cells, AuNP@1 is subject to a furin‐guided condensation reaction to yield the 1‐Dimers between AuNP@1s, which cross‐link AuNP@1s to form aggregates of AuNP. Experimental results show that formation of AuNP aggregates can largely enhance its photothermal properties, as a result, AuNP@1 shows more efficient photothermal therapeutic effects than its scrambled control AuNP@1‐Scr on MDA‐MB‐468 cells in vitro and MDA‐MB‐468 tumors in vivo. It is envisioned that AuNP@1 can be employed for the clinical PTT of furin‐related cancer in the near future.
Fast Charging All Solid‐State Lithium Batteries Enabled by Rational Design of Dual Vertically‐Aligned Electrodes
Authors: Gao Xuejie , Yang Xiaofei , Adair Keegan , Liang Jianneng , Sun Qian , Zhao Yang , Li Ruying , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Sun Xueliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe slow charging limitations of all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have significantly limited their practical application. Thus, significant improvement of the rate performance and development of fast charging ASSLBs is crucial for the commercialization of these systems. However, poor Li+ transport kinetics and Li dendrite formation under high charging current densities have inhibited their capabilities. To tackle these issues, the design of dual vertically‐aligned electrodes (DVAEs) is proposed to accelerate Li+ transport and suppress Li dendrite formation. At the anode side, the vertically‐aligned Li (VA‐Li) anode with lithiophilic micro‐walls enables lateral growth of Li deposits rather than perpendicular to the electrode surface, thus preventing dendrite penetration through the separator. In addition, the 3D vertically‐aligned structure in both VA‐Li and vertically‐aligned‐LiFePO4 (VA‐LFP) enables enhanced Li+ transport due to lower tortuosity and faster Li+ transport kinetics. Benefitting from the rational design, VA‐Li symmetric cells can operate for 300 h at a current density/capacity of 3 mA cm−2/3 mAh cm−2, while short‐circuiting is observed after 87 h for bare Li cycled at only 0.5 mA cm−2 (capacity: 0.5 mAh cm−2). Moreover, a fast‐charging ASSLBs assembled with DVAEs demonstrates a high capacity of 89.4 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles at 4C.
Candidate genes of oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum in 22q region: A systematic review
Authors: Glaeser Andressa Barreto , Santos Andressa Schneiders , Diniz Bruna Lixinski , Deconte Desireé , Rosa Rafael Fabiano Machado , Zen Paulo Ricardo Gazzola 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTOculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum (hemifacial microsomia/OAVS, OMIM #164210) is a heterogenous and congenital condition caused by a morphogenesis defect of the first and second pharyngeal arches. Etiology includes unknown genetic, environmental factors and chromosomal alterations, which 22q11.2 region is the most frequently reported. Several candidate genes for OAVS have been proposed; however, none has been confirmed as causative of the phenotype. This review aims to sum up all clinical and molecular findings in 22q region of individuals diagnosed with OAVS and to investigate genes that may be involved in the development of the spectrum. A search was performed in PubMed using all entry terms to OAVS and Chromosome 22q11. After screening, 11 papers were eligible for review. Deletions and duplications in the q11.2 region were the most frequent (18/22) alterations reported and a total of 68 genes were described. Our systematic review reinforces the hypothesis that 22q11 region is a candidate locus for OAVS as well as CLTCL1, GSC2, HIRA, MAPK1, TBX1, and YPEL1 as potential candidates genes for genotype–phenotype correlation. Complementary studies regarding genes interaction involved in the 22q11 region are still necessary in the search for a genotype–phenotype association, since the diagnosis of OAVS is a constant medical challenge.
Targeted Small‐Molecule Conjugates: The Future is Now
Authors: Dal Corso Alberto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn recent years, novel classes of small hetero‐bifunctional compounds have been developed as tools for the treatment of cancer and other diseases through different approaches, from radio/chemotherapy and imaging to immunotherapy and protein degradation. Within this growing research area, progresses in ligand‐screening procedures and hit‐to‐lead optimizations, together with advances in drug‐release technologies, are paving the way to the future treatment of a broad range of pathologies with small targeted therapeutics.
Phosphines and other P(III)‐derivatives with Cavity‐shaped Subunits: Valuable Ligands for Supramolecular Metal Catalysis, Metal Confinement and Subtle Steric Control
Authors: Matt Dominique , Harrowfield Jack 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTertiary phosphines and other P(III)‐derivatives are the par excellence ligands in industrially relevant homogeneous catalysis. A promising, recent development in this field concerns the use of P(III)‐compounds that incorporate cavity‐shaped subunits capable of assisting metal‐centred reactions, either by functioning as receptor moieties, creating confinement about the reactive centre or merely by influencing main catalytic steps via strong steric interactions exerted on the metal first coordination sphere. This Minireview, which is based on selected examples, illustrates the utility of covalently‐constructed phosphines that incorporate a cavity and highlights future directions that deserve development in ligand design.
Product Control in Conversion of Ethanol on MIL‐101(Cr) with Adjustable Brønsted Acid Density
Authors: Ming Zheng , Wang Yingli , Zhang Tiexin , Li Lingyun , Duan Chunying , Liu Zhongmin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMIL‐101(Cr) with adjustable Brønsted acid density was prepared via post‐synthetic sulfation strategy, which was carried out with sulfuric acid in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, using nitromethane as solvent. XRD, TG, EDS, XPS, IR, NH3‐TPD and acid‐base titration were used to characterize structure and acidity. Adopting conversion of ethanol as a probe reaction, gas‐solid catalytic characteristics on MIL‐101(Cr) and post‐synthetic sulfated MIL‐101(Cr) in a micro fixed‐bed reactor were studied by continuous feeding. Combined with the regulation of reaction parameters, selective production of ethylene (100 %) or diethyl ether (99 %) could be achieved.
Preparation of Carbonized Kapok Fiber/Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel for Oil‐Water Separation
Authors: Zhou Ji , Du Enhui , He Yu , Fan Yunde , Ye Yong , Tang Bin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA carbonized composite aerogel was fabricated based on kapok fibers (KFs) and graphene oxide (GO) through hydrothermal and carbonizing reactions. The as‐prepared carbonized kapok fiber/reduced graphene oxide (CKF/RGO) aerogel exhibited special features including light weight, fire resistance, stable structure, hydrophobicity, and oleophilicity. The wettability of the KF/GO aerogel was transformed to hydrophobicity after carbonization, which provided the CKF/RGO aerogel with a distinct ability for oil‐water separation. The CKF/RGO aerogel was able to adsorb oil liquids up to 110 times of its own weight. The sorption capacity of the CKF/RGO aerogel was still higher than 90 % of the initial sorption capacity after eleven sorption‐combustion cycles of n‐hexane solvent.
Experimenting with hazardous substances and experimental competence – a legal statement
Authors: Klemeyer Horst , Ruppersberg Klaus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDas sichere Experimentieren mit Gefahrstoffen ist eine Schlüsselkompetenz für Lehrkräfte im Fach Chemie. Somit ist es für die Aus‐ und Fortbildung von Chemielehrkräften wichtig, die fachlich fundierte, sichere Kompetenz zum Experimentieren zu fördern und zu pflegen. In diesem Beitrag werden am Beispiel von Chlor und Brom Methoden vorgestellt, mit denen man trotz hoher und sehr hoher Stoffgefahren sichere Schulexperimente durchführen kann. Es wird erläutert, welche Bedeutung die Fähigkeit hat, anhand der eigenen Gefährdungsbeurteilung den Experimentalunterricht rechtssicher zu entwickeln, zu dokumentieren und durchzuführen.
Safe chemistry lessons – the check of substitute substances using the example of traditional solvents
Authors: Klemeyer Horst , Proske Wolfgang , Ruppersberg Klaus , Schwab Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDie Ersatzstoff‐ und Ersatzverfahrensprüfung sind wesentliche Formalien des Gefahrstoffrechts und notwendige Instrumente der Fachlehrkraft für Chemie, um Experimente im Chemieunterricht an aktuelle Anforderungen anpassen zu können, die sich aus veränderten Parametern ergeben, wie z. B. Fachraumwechsel, veränderten Lerngruppen oder verschärften GHS‐Einstufungen von Stoffen.In dieser Arbeit wird am Beispiel von tradierten Experimenten (z. B. „Das sinkende Schiff“) mit Polystyrol (PS) aufgezeigt, wie mit Hilfe einer pragmatischen Methode leicht entzündbare, fruchtschädigende und neurotoxische Lösungsmittel gegen weniger gefährliche Lösungsmittel ausgetauscht werden können.Die Sicherheit im experimentellen Chemieunterricht kann durch solche Ersatzstoffprüfungen gesteigert werden, wodurch eine stärkere Schüleraktivierung durch Schülerexperimente ermöglicht wird.
Modular‐based secret image sharing in Internet of Things: A global progressive‐enabled approach
Authors: Zhang Lina , Zheng Xiangqin , Yu Keping , Li Wenjuan , Wang Tao , Dang Xuan , Yang Bo 
Published: September 2020

SummaryDue to the continuous development and progress of information technology, the Internet has also entered the era of big data based on the Internet of Things (IoT). How to protect the security of data stored and transmitted in the IoT is one of the urgent problems to be solved. This article focuses on the security issues of storage and transmission of image data in the IoT. Secret image sharing (SIS) is a kind of image protection mechanism by dividing an image into n shares, and different shares are given to different participants separately for preservation. Only when the number of shares reaches the threshold can the original image be recovered. From the perspective of image reconstruction mode, there are two types of SIS schemes: one is the traditional (k, n) threshold scheme, which provides an all‐or‐nothing reconstruction mode, the other is the progressive scheme, which can gradually restore the original image. In this article, a novel (k, k2) progressive secret image sharing based on modular operations is proposed, this method can divide the important images stored in the IoT into many parts and then transmit them to people in different places. It takes the whole as a unit in terms of the progressive recovery form. When the share reaches the threshold, certain blocks of the original image can be seen. As the share increases, the image will be clearer. When all shares participate in the reconstruction together, the original image can be restored without loss. Compared with other schemes, our scheme has the same smoothness, shadow size and satisfies the security, and is fine‐grained progressive.
Refractive Index Changes of Cells and Cellular Compartments Upon Paraformaldehyde Fixation Acquired by Tomographic Phase Microscopy
Authors: Baczewska Maria , Eder Kai , Ketelhut Steffi , Kemper Björn , Kujawińska Małgorzata 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThree‐dimensional quantitative phase imaging is an emerging method, which provides the 3D distribution of the refractive index (RI) and the dry mass in live and fixed cells as well as in tissues. However, an insufficiently answered question is the influence of chemical cell fixation procedures on the results of RI reconstructions. Therefore, this work is devoted to systematic investigations on the RI in cellular organelles of live and fixed cells including nucleus, nucleolus, nucleoplasm, and cytoplasm. The research was carried out on four different cell lines using a common paraformaldehyde (PFA)‐based fixation protocol. The selected cell types represent the diversity of mammalian cells and therefore the results presented provide a picture of fixation caused RI changes in a broader context. A commercial Tomocube HT‐1S device was used for 3D RI acquisition. The changes in the RI values after the fixation process are detected in the reconstructed phase distributions and amount to the order of 10−3. The RI values decrease and the observed RI changes are found to be different between various cell lines; however, all of them show the most significant loss in the nucleolus. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the evident need for standardized preparation procedures in phase tomographic measurements. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Detection of follistatin‐based inhibitors of the TGF‐β signaling pathways in serum/plasma by means of LC‐HRMS/MS and Western blotting
Authors: Walpurgis Katja , Weigand Tim , Knoop Andre , Thomas Andreas , Reichel Christian , Dellanna Frank , Thevis Mario 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCytokines of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) superfamily such as myostatin and activin A are considered as key regulators of skeletal muscle mass. In vivo, their activity is controlled by different binding proteins such as follistatin (FST), whose interaction with the circulating growth factors prevents activation of the activin type II receptors. FST‐based protein therapeutics are therefore not only promising drug candidates for the treatment of muscular diseases but also potential performance‐enhancing agents in sports.Within this study, two complementary detection assays for FST‐based inhibitors of the TGF‐β signaling pathways in doping control serum and plasma samples were developed by using both monomeric FST and dimeric FST‐Fc fusion proteins as model compounds. The initial testing procedure is based on immunoaffinity purification, tryptic digestion, and LC‐HRMS/MS, offering high specificity by targeting tryptic signature peptides of FST. As the glycoprotein is also produced endogenously, the confirmation method employs immunoaffinity purification, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and Western blotting in order to detect the intact proteins and differentiate synthetic FST‐Fc constructs from naturally occurring FST isoforms. Both assays were found to be highly specific with an estimated detection limit of 10 ng/ml.Moreover, a commercial sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine endogenous FST values. The detected FST serum levels of healthy volunteers were found below 5 ng/ml, which is in accordance with reference values from the literature and below the doping control detection methods' limit of detection (LOD).The presented assays expand the range of available tests for emerging doping agents, and the initial testing procedure can readily be modified to include further protein drugs.