bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesh exposure after transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery: Out of permissible range?
Authors: Kato Kumiko , Suzuki Shoji , Ishiyama Akinobu , Kawanishi Hideji , Matsui Hirotaka , Kato Takashi , Hirabayashi Hiroki , Hattori Ryohei 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of postoperative complications after transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery, and whether modified transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery (without transobturator arms or posterior mesh) has less prevalence of mesh exposure compared with conventional transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery.MethodsMedical charts were retrospectively examined for 2648 patients who underwent transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery in a general hospital (2006–2017). Conventional transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery (Prolift‐type, n = 2258) was used, with a shift from 2015 to modified transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery (Uphold‐type, n = 330). Patients were instructed to have >2 years of follow up and to report if they had problems regarding the operation.ResultsThe prevalence of mesh exposure was 34 out of 2648 (1.28%); 18 vagina (0.68%), 10 bladder (0.38%), two ureter (0.08%) and four rectum (0.15%). The modified transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery group had only one case with vaginal exposure. Vaginal exposure was managed transvaginally or followed by observation. Rectal exposure was managed transvaginally without colostomy. Bladder exposure was managed by transurethral resection with saline. Open ureterocystostomy was carried out to treat ureteral exposure. In the conventional transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery group, three cases of ureteral stenosis and one case with vaginal evisceration of the small intestine were managed transvaginally. The prevalence of postoperative chronic pain was 13 out of 2648 (0.49%; with one patient in the modified transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery group). The patients underwent pharmacotherapy, and one patient underwent additional surgical treatment.ConclusionsThe reoperation rate as a result of complications after transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery seems to be low. The reoperation rate as a result of prolapse recurrence is also low. A shift from conventional transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery to modified transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery might contribute to a further decrease in the risk of complications.
Case manager perceptions of emergency department use by patients with non‐fatal suicidal behaviour
Authors: Baker Debra , Blyth Deborah , Stedman Terry , Meehan Tom 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRepeat presentations to the emergency department (ED) for non‐fatal suicidal behaviour (NFSB) are common in Australia and overseas. The challenges faced by mental health services in managing this sub‐group of patients have not been fully explored. In this qualitative study, we consider how case managers view frequent ED use by patients with NFSB. Individual interviews with case managers were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and subjected to thematic analysis. Four main themes emerged: a logical place to go; not a lot of benefit from an ED visit; focus on managing risk; and building a life outside of the ED. The case managers noted that patients with NFSB tend to have complex presentations that are challenging to address in the ED. The focus tends to be on assessment of risk with referral to community support agencies. The findings point to the need to identify more intensive care options that support patients to reduce their dependency on the ED. Insights gleaned from the study have implications for those working with NFSB patients.
Circulating exosomal small RNAs are promising non‐invasive diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer
Authors: Ge Lichen , Zhang Nan , Li Dandan , Wu Yingmin , Wang Hongsheng , Wang Junjun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDysregulation of small non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) is associated with various human diseases including cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the circulating exosomal small RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs) and P‑element‑induced wimpy testis (PIWI)‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) as sensitive and specific non‐invasive biomarkers for gastric cancer (GC) diagnosis. Serum exosomal small RNA transcriptome was examined using unique molecular identifiers (UMI) small RNA sequencing. Dysregulated miRNAs and piRNAs were verified in 70 GC patients and 60 healthy controls (HC) by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. The expressions of miR‐1307‐3p, piR‐019308, piR‐004918 and piR‐018569 in serum exosomes were significantly increased in GC group as compared to those in HC group. Moreover, GC patients with metastasis had significantly higher expression levels of piR‐004918 and piR‐019308 than GC patients without metastasis. The area under the curve (AUC) for miR‐1307‐3p, piR‐019308, piR‐004918 and piR‐018569 in the GC group was 0.845, 0.820, 0.754 and 0.732, respectively. The combination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 199 can improve the AUC of miR‐1307‐3p to 0.902 and piR‐019308 to 0.914 for GC diagnosis. In conclusion, our findings indicate that serum exosomal piRNAs are promising non‐invasive diagnostic biomarkers for GC patients and potential markers for monitoring metastasis.
Automatic surface defects classification of Kinnow mandarins using combination of multi‐feature fusion techniques
Authors: Hadimani Lingaraj , Garg Neerja Mittal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnalyzing the quality of biological products is a difficult task, as their physicochemical properties such as size, shape, color, and texture change over time. Among many quality attributes, automatic classification of defects is a challenging work due to similarity or diversity of defects in terms of shape, color, and texture within intra and inter cultivars. In this work, an image analysis and machine learning‐based method to identify and classify four defects of Kinnow mandarins is proposed. A simple and fast adaptive thresholding technique was used to segment the defects. Defects discriminatory abilities of three prevalent texture descriptors namely local binary patterns, gray level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM), and gray level run length matrix (GLRLM) were explored. In order to measure the effectiveness of color models in food analysis techniques, texture features were extracted on individual and combined color channels of three popular color models, that is, RGB, HSV, and CIELAB. Two machine‐learning techniques: random forest (RF) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) classifiers were trained with extracted features to predict the defects. The highest accuracies of 93.5 and 89.3% and average accuracies of 88.95 and 80.67% were achieved by ANN and RF classifiers, respectively, for the feature set {GLCM, GLRLM} on {H,S,V} color set.Practical applicationsKinnow mandarins' cultivation area occupies around 50% of the total citrus farming regions in India. Currently, the expert laborers manually carry out the grading of Kinnow fruits based on the existence of external defects. This process is labor‐intensive, inefficient, and time‐consuming. However, now this labor‐intensive task can be replaced with automatic fruit classification machines based on computer vision (CV) and machine learning (ML) technologies. Presently, there is a scarcity of studies as well as algorithms to automate the process of Kinnow fruit defects classification. The developed CV‐ and ML‐based algorithm is capable to identify and discriminate four types of external defects pertaining to Kinnow mandarins. The classification accuracy and other performance measures achieved on the developed algorithm make it ideal for real‐time online Kinnow defects classification systems.
Key competences of outpatient nurses, as perceived by patients attending nurse‐led clinics – An integrative review
Authors: Pleh Denise Nana , Rosted Elizabeth , Thomsen Thora Grothe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this review was to identify key competences of outpatient nurses, as perceived by patients attending nurse‐led clinics.BackgroundThe increased demand for nurses to manage treatment and care in hospital outpatient clinics requires a better understanding of nurses' competences important to outpatients.DesignAn integrative review using Whittemore and Knafl's five‐stage model.MethodsRelevant studies were located by systematically searching PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus. A group of three researchers assessed the studies found and the quality of the included studies using the CASP tool. Data were extracted and analysed by thematic analyses. The current study was evaluated using PRISMA checklist.ResultsNine studies met the inclusion criteria. Three key competences emerged: providing access, sharing knowledge and establishing relationships. The key competences were supported by ten sub‐themes that were characterised by nurses' actions and qualities, derived from the included studies.ConclusionsThe identified key competences reflected a holistic approach that encompasses knowledge, skills and attitudes, indicating outpatient nurses being able to manage different ways of involving patients, which may lead to the consideration of outpatient consultations as a kind of negotiation, based on a respectful dialogue.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings are usable when optimising the performance and quality of the health workforce, including outpatient nurses, as recommended by WHO (World Health Organization, Global strategy on human resources for health: Workforce 2030, 2016). Furthermore, the identified knowledge emphasises the need for clinical skills training and academic education, specially targeted outpatient nurses, in order to enable the nurses to become experts in specific practice settings.
Is intelligence related to perfectionism? Multidimensional perfectionism and parental antecedents among adolescents across varying levels of cognitive ability
Authors: Lavrijsen Jeroen , Soenens Bart , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Verschueren Karine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveAlthough intellectually gifted individuals are often portrayed as perfectionists, evidence for an association between cognitive ability and perfectionism is inconclusive. This study investigates the relations between cognitive ability and two distinct dimensions of perfectionism and addresses the role of parental antecedents of perfectionism in adolescents at different levels of cognitive ability.MethodIn a community sample of 3,168 adolescents and their parents, cognitive ability was assessed and perfectionism levels and parenting practices were surveyed.ResultsAdolescents higher in cognitive ability reported higher levels of Personal Standards (i.e., setting ambitious objectives) but lower levels of Concern over Mistakes (i.e., worrying excessively about mistakes). Parental criticism, high parental expectations, and conditionally regarding parenting were associated positively with Concern over Mistakes, and high parental expectations were related positively to Personal Standards. These associations were generally independent of adolescents' cognitive ability. Parents of adolescents higher in cognitive ability relied less on parenting practices associated with the development of perfectionism.ConclusionCognitive ability is related to a higher pursuit of personal standards, yet does not constitute a risk factor for excessive concerns about mistakes. Parental antecedents were related similarly and in theoretically meaningful ways to adolescent perfectionism across different levels of cognitive ability.
Psychosocial Correlates and Consequences of Adolescents’ Self‐Generated Academic Goals and Appraisals
Authors: Brumley Lauren D. , Nauphal Maya , Schwartz Lisa A. , Jaffee Sara R. 
Published: November 2020

The current study examined whether characteristics of adolescents (i.e., externalizing problems) and their environments (i.e., social support, adverse childhood experiences) relate to academic goal setting, appraisals, and outcomes. Adolescents (n = 99; 87% Black/African American) 13–16 years old completed baseline interviews, and 80% also completed follow‐up interviews. Adolescents with more externalizing problems set fewer academic goals, and youth with social networks characterized by greater support (and less strain) appraised their academic goals as more supported and achievable. Adolescents’ appraisals of their academic goals, but not how many academic goals they had, predicted grades at follow‐up. Increasing social support (and reducing social strain) may foster adolescents’ positive appraisals of their academic goals, which may promote academic achievement.
Predictors of hospital readmission in infants less than 3 months old
Authors: Mace Ariel O , Barnes Rosanne , Blyth Christopher C , Martin Andrew C , Richmond Peter C , Snelling Tom L , Moore Hannah C 
Published: November 2020

AimTo examine rates and predictors of 7‐day readmission in infants hospitalised before 3 months of age with infectious and non‐infectious conditions.MethodsRetrospective population‐based data‐linkage study of 121 854 infants from a 5‐year metropolitan birth cohort (2008–2012). Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine associations between infant and maternal factors with 7‐day readmission.ResultsA total of 11 669 (9.6%) infants were hospitalised at least once by 3 months of age (median 23 days old, 56% male) with 12 602 total index hospitalisations. Infection‐related conditions accounted for 29.4% (n = 3705). Readmission within 7 days occurred after 4.8% of all index hospitalisations and 5.4% of infection‐related hospitalisations. Age ≤21 days was the strongest readmission risk factor (hazard ratio 7.7 (95% confidence interval 4.7–12.7) compared to infants 61–90 days old). Other risk factors included shorter index hospitalisations, younger maternal age and multi‐gravidity.ConclusionHospitalisations and readmissions occur for many young infants. Risk factors for readmission should inform risk‐based management guidelines.
Ontogeny of hepatic methionine catabolic enzyme activities (Transmethylation and Transsulphuration) and associated physiological amino acids in E10‐21 chick embryos and D1‐49 broilers
Authors: Lu Jianwei , Weil Jordan Taylor , Cerrate Sandro , Coon Craig Nelson 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDevelopmental changes in hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase, cystathionine β‐synthase, cystathionase, and glycine N‐methyltransferase were determined in broiler chick embryos and hatched chicks by using radiometric and spectrometric methods. Hepatic free methionine, S‐adenosylmethionine, S‐adenosylhomocysteine, homocysteine, cystathionine, and cysteine levels were also investigated. Results showed an increase in hepatic MAT activity from E10 to E21 during embryogenesis, suggesting greater transmethylation rates throughout the rapid embryonic growth and development period. A strong positive correlation between embryo BW and MAT activity also supports this idea. The MAT specific activity continued to increase after hatching, but there was a negative correlation between chick BW and MAT activities from D1 to D49. This may indicate different MAT isozymes exist for chick embryo hepatic tissue compared to hepatic tissue of hatched chick and growing broilers. The developmental pattern of MAT isozymes could be critical for methionine metabolism to cope with the demand imposed on the embryo, chicks, and growing broilers. Additionally, the specific activity of hepatic CBS in chick embryos was determined to be lower compared to that observed in older broilers (35 and 49 days). Since liver CBS specific activity is at the lowest point from D1‐7 in young chicks, the ability to convert adequate homocysteine to cysteine through transsulphuration may be limiting for cysteine synthesis at this time. Steady‐state hepatic homocysteine levels in chick embryos and chicks may be a function of the rates of homocysteine formation, remethylation, and catabolism via the transsulphuration pathway. The present study indicates young chicks from D1 to D7 may have a limited ability for adequate transsulphuration; therefore, dietary cystine may be needed for optimum performance.
Neutrophil extracellular traps enhance procoagulant activity and thrombotic tendency in patients with obstructive jaundice
Authors: Zhang Jinming , Yu Muxin , Liu Biou , Zhou Peng , Zuo Nan , Wang Yufeng , Feng Yiming , Zhang Yue , Wang Jiaojiao , He Yujing , Wu Yinsong , Dong Zengxiang , Hong Luojia , Shi Jialan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsPatients with obstructive jaundice (OJ) are considered to be prothrombotic with increased risk of thromboembolism complications. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in procoagulant activity (PCA) and thrombosis risk in patients with OJ is unclear. In this study, we investigated NETs formation in OJ patients and the role of elevated unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) in inducing NETs, resulting in enhanced PCA and endothelial injury.MethodsNETs of OJ patients and healthy controls were measured. NETs PCA was assessed via coagulation time (CT), fibrin formation and purified coagulation complex production assays. Visualization of NETs and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (MitoROS) were performed with a fluorescence microscope. We further used confocal microscopy to quantify the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), fibrin strands and FVa/Xa on Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).ResultsAssessment of NETs components levels revealed greater NETs production in OJ patients than in healthy controls. Importantly, OJ‐NETs were responsible for enhanced PCA. UCB induced NETs formation via MitoROS accumulation and mitochondrial mobilization. HUVECs cocultured with OJ NETs lost their cell–cell junctions and consequently converted to a procoagulant phenotype. The PCA was attenuated by using DNase I alone or in combination with lactadherin.ConclusionsOur results suggest that UCB‐induced NETs play a prominent role in promoting the hypercoagulable and prothrombotic state in OJ patients. The increased MitoROS accumulation in neutrophils initiated NETosis. NETs are promising targets for indicating or improving coagulation disorders in OJ patients.
How to resolve the enigma of diurnal malate remobilisation from the vacuole in plants with crassulacean acid metabolism?
Authors: Ceusters Nathalie , Borland Anne M. , Ceusters Johan 
Published: November 2020

SummaryOpening of stomata in plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is mainly shifted to the night period when atmospheric CO2 is fixed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and stored as malic acid in the vacuole. As such, CAM plants ameliorate transpirational water losses and display substantially higher water‐use efficiency compared with C3 and C4 plants. In the past decade significant technical advances have allowed an unprecedented exploration of genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes and metabolomes of CAM plants and efforts are ongoing to engineer the CAM pathway in C3 plants. Whilst research efforts have traditionally focused on nocturnal carboxylation, less information is known regarding the drivers behind diurnal malate remobilisation from the vacuole that liberates CO2 to be fixed by RuBisCo behind closed stomata. To shed more light on this process, we provide a stoichiometric analysis to identify potentially rate‐limiting steps underpinning diurnal malate mobilisation and help direct future research efforts. Within this remit we address three key questions: Q1 Does light‐dependent assimilation of CO2 via RuBisCo dictate the rate of malate mobilisation? Q2: Do the enzymes responsible for malate decarboxylation limit daytime mobilisation from the vacuole? Q3: Does malate efflux from the vacuole set the pace of decarboxylation?
Root traits as drivers of plant and ecosystem functioning: current understanding, pitfalls and future research needs
Authors: Freschet Grégoire T. , Roumet Catherine , Comas Louise H. , Weemstra Monique , Bengough A. Glyn , Rewald Boris , Bardgett Richard D. , De Deyn Gerlinde B. , Johnson David , Klimešová Jitka , Lukac Martin , McCormack M. Luke , Meier Ina C. , Pagès Loïc , Poorter Hendrik , Prieto Iván , Wurzburger Nina , Zadworny Marcin , Bagniewska‐Zadworna Agnieszka , Blancaflor Elison B. , Brunner Ivano , Gessler Arthur , Hobbie Sarah E. , Iversen Colleen M. , Mommer Liesje , Picon‐Cochard Catherine , Postma Johannes A. , Rose Laura , Ryser Peter , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A. , Sun Tao , Valverde‐Barrantes Oscar J. , Weigelt Alexandra , York Larry M. , Stokes Alexia 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite substantial progress made regarding plant belowground components, we are still only beginning to explore the complex relationships between root traits and functions. Drawing on the literature in plant physiology, ecophysiology, ecology, agronomy and soil science, we reviewed 24 aspects of plant and ecosystem functioning and their relationships with a number of root system traits, including aspects of architecture, physiology, morphology, anatomy, chemistry, biomechanics and biotic interactions. Based on this assessment, we critically evaluated the current strengths and gaps in our knowledge, and identify future research challenges in the field of root ecology. Most importantly, we found that belowground traits with the broadest importance in plant and ecosystem functioning are not those most commonly measured. Also, the estimation of trait relative importance for functioning requires us to consider a more comprehensive range of functionally relevant traits from a diverse range of species, across environments and over time series. We also advocate that establishing causal hierarchical links among root traits will provide a hypothesis‐based framework to identify the most parsimonious sets of traits with the strongest links on functions, and to link genotypes to plant and ecosystem functioning.
Adapting treatment approaches for dentigerous cysts in paediatric and adult patients: A case series
Authors: Dave Manas , Clarke Lisa , Grindrod Matthew , Kandiah Pathanjali , Petersen Helen J 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDentigerous cysts are common odontogenic cysts treated through surgical enucleation. This article presents paediatric and adult cases where surgical planning and treatment of dentigerous cysts were adapted according to various clinical challenges. Additionally, spontaneous regression of a dentigerous cyst associated with a maxillary canine is reported.
Aquagenic pruritus in an adolescent effectively managed with β‐alanine supplementation
Authors: Friedlander Mollie S. H. , Admani Shehla 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAquagenic pruritus is a rare debilitating condition, which can be idiopathic, iatrogenic, or associated with systemic disease. In idiopathic cases, treatment can be challenging as options are limited and of variable efficacy. Here, we report the case of a teenage boy with refractory idiopathic aquagenic pruritus effectively managed with administration of β‐alanine supplementation, a treatment gaining traction in lay media but not yet reported in the medical literature. This report adds to the limited options published for treatment of idiopathic aquagenic pruritus in pediatric patients.
Linear porokeratosis with bone abnormalities treated with compounded topical 2% cholesterol/2% lovastatin ointment
Authors: Blue Elliot , Abbott James , Bowen Anneli , Cipriano Sarah D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe describe a case of linear porokeratosis with associated bone resorption in a 17‐year‐old female with marked improvement after 2% cholesterol/2% lovastatin ointment application. Porokeratosis is a heterogenous group of keratinization disorders characterized by a cornoid lamella, consisting of focal dyskeratotic cells in the granular layer and columns of parakeratosis. The pathogenesis of porokeratosis is not fully elucidated; however, germline mutations have recently been identified in the mevalonate pathway which can lead to a buildup of metabolites that could play a role in dysmaturation. There has only been one prior report of an affected distal digit with underlying bone resorption in association with linear porokeratosis.