bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic assessment of lung injury by ultrasound in patients with acute paraquat poisoning
Authors: Shen Peng , Wang Qianqian , Yu Wenlong , Gu Yichen , Song Xianbin , Shi Yunchao 
Published: May 2020

Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound in the dynamic assessment of lung injury after acute paraquat poisoning. Methods A prospective observational study was performed on patients with paraquat poisoning from admission to day 28 or discharge. Ultrasound assessment of the lungs was performtyed every 48 hours. The correlation of the lung ultrasound score (LUS) with other indicators was analyzed. Results Twenty-six patients were enrolled, with an average age of 46 ± 16 years. The average toxic dose was 95 ± 51 mL. The intensive care unit (ICU) stay averaged 9 ± 8 days, and the 28-day mortality was 88.5%. There was a significant negative correlation between LUS and oxygenation index (rho = −0.896) and a significant positive correlation between LUS and carbon dioxide concentration (rho = 0.567). Lung ultrasound and computed tomography imaging correlated closely. Conclusion Lung ultrasound can reflect changes in lung status in patients with paraquat poisoning and can be used to evaluate lung injury in these patients. Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR-DDD-16010211. Registered 21 December 2016, http://www.chictr.org.cn/listbycreater.aspx .
The Influence of Pitch Velocity on Medial Elbow Pain and Medial Epicondyle Abnormality Among Youth Baseball Players
Authors: Kurokawa Daisuke , Muraki Takayuki , Ishikawa Hiroaki , Shinagawa Kiyotsugu , Nagamoto Hideaki , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Tanaka Minoru , Itoi Eiji 
Published: May 2020

Background: Pitch velocity is associated with elbow injuries among skillful baseball players. However, the relationship between pitch velocity and throwing elbow injuries among youth players has not yet been clarified. Purpose: To investigate the influence of pitch velocity on medial elbow pain and medial epicondyle abnormality among youth baseball players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The participants consisted of 256 elementary school players (mean age, 11 ± 1 years; range, 9-12 years). The medial aspect of the elbow was evaluated using ultrasound imaging. A questionnaire was used to investigate past or present pain in the elbow, background of the players (age, height, body mass index, and years of baseball experience), and playing environment (number of days of practice in a week, experience as a pitcher, and cryotherapy of the shoulder and elbow after practice). Positioning of the scapula, range of motion in shoulder internal/external rotations and hip internal rotation, angle of the straight-leg raise, and heel-to-buttock distance were measured. The pitch velocity was recorded using a pitch velocity radar gun. The relationship between these variables and the presence of medial epicondyle abnormality, as well as past or present elbow pain, were statistically analyzed. Results: A medial epicondyle abnormality was observed in 130 players (51%), elbow pain in the past in 65 players (25%), and elbow pain during the examination in 14 players (5%). Sixty-nine players (27%) experienced elbow pain either in the past or during examination. Abnormality of the medial epicondyle had a relationship with the pitch velocity (odds ratio [OR], 1.1 for increase of 1 km/h; 95% CI, 1.1-1.2; P < .0001) and the number of practice days in a week (OR, 1.8 for increase of the practice days; 95% CI, 1.4-2.5; P < .0001). Pitch velocity was also significantly related with past pain, present pain, and past and/or present pain of the elbow (OR [km/h], 1.1, 1.1, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.1, 1.0-1.2, 1.1-1.2; P < .0001, P = .002, P < .0001, respectively). Conclusion: Pitch velocity was significantly associated with abnormality of the medial epicondyle and elbow pain. A 10-km/h increase in pitch velocity would increase the risk of medial epicondyle abnormality and medial elbow pain by 3 times.
Is sharing the TARGET respiratory tract infection leaflet feasible in routine general practice to improve patient education and appropriate antibiotic use? A mixed methods study in England with patients and healthcare professionals
Authors: Eley Charlotte V , Lecky Donna M , Hayes Catherine V , McNulty Cliodna AM 
Published: May 2020

Background: Patient education on treatment choices for common respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is important to encourage appropriate antibiotic use. Evidence shows that use of leaflets about RTIs can help reduce antibiotic prescribing. TARGET leaflets facilitate patient–clinician communication in consultations. Aim: To explore patient, healthcare professional (HCP) and general practice (GP) staff views on the current Treating Your Infection (TYI)-RTI leaflet and proposed new ‘antibiotic effect’ column aimed at sharing information on the limited effect antibiotics have on the duration of RTIs. Methods: Service evaluation underpinned by Com-B behavioural framework, using patient and HCP questionnaires, and GP staff interviews/focus groups. Results: Patients completed 83 questionnaires in GP waiting rooms. A lack of patient understanding about usual illness duration influenced their use of antibiotics for some RTIs. Patients provided positive feedback about the leaflet, reporting it increased their capability to self-care, re-consult when necessary and increase understanding of illness duration. Patients indicated they would value information on the difference antibiotics can make to illness duration. In total, 43 HCP questionnaires were completed and 16 GP staff participated in interviews/focus groups. Emerging themes included: barriers and facilitators to leaflet use; modifications; and future dissemination of the leaflet. GP staff stated that the ‘antibiotic effect’ column should not be included in the leaflet. Conclusion: Patient education around usual illness duration, side effects of antibiotics and back-up prescriptions gives patients a greater control of their infection management. As GP staff opposed the extra information about benefits of antibiotics on illness duration, this will not be added.
Florence Nightingale: The Making of a Hospital Reformer
Authors: McDonald Lynn 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The first of two articles is to show how Florence Nightingale became a leading, effective hospital reformer. Aim: The aim of the first paper is to relate how Nightingale was influenced by the great defects in the war hospitals of the Crimean War (1854–1856) and how she learned the lessons from those defects to set a different course. The article shows how her famous Notes on Nursing is a positive treatment of the lessons learned, turning the sanitary defects, notably in ventilation, into chapters of the book. The importance of the pavilion model of hospital design is highlighted. There is coverage of the advances made by Semmelweis at the Vienna General Hospital. Methods: This is a purely historical study drawing on the extensive publications by Nightingale, augmented by her (massive) surviving correspondence and notes. The search for archival materials was done for the publication of the 16-volume Collected Works of Florence Nightingale, written by the author of this article. The collected works was peer reviewed, and the research process succeeded in locating material in more than 200 archives worldwide.
Co-Developed Indigenous Educational Materials for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Scoping Review
Authors: Jansen Lynn , Maina Geoffrey , Horsburgh Beth , Kumaran Maha , Mcharo Kasha , Laliberte George , Kappel Joanne , Bullin Carol Ann 
Published: May 2020

Background: Canadian Indigenous populations experience significantly more chronic kidney disease (CKD) than the general population. Indigenous people who live in rural and remote areas may also have difficulty accessing both information and care for their CKD. Informed decision making about treatment options for advancing kidney disease may be delayed, which can result in poor health outcomes and decreased quality of life. Moreover, Indigenous people may experience marginalization within Western health care systems. Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to identify culturally appropriate and co-developed Indigenous educational tools that will ultimately support CKD learning and end-stage kidney treatment decision making. Design: Scoping Review Setting: Databases included Embase, CINAHL, Medline (OVID), ERIC, and the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technology Gray Matters. Study Participants: Community-based Indigenous patients, families, health care workers, and community members. Methods: We systematically reviewed the literature to explore the availability of co-developed Indigenous educational tools and material for CKD treatment options. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were reviewed independently by 2 reviewers with disagreements resolved through a third. All aspects of this project, including searching the databases were done in consultation with an Indigenous Elder. Results: Only one retrieved article identified a comprehensive CKD tool co-developed by researchers, health care providers, and an Indigenous community. Three themes emerged from the scoping review that may inform characteristics of co-developed tools: cultural appropriateness; appraisal of utility and effectiveness and; content informed by co-development of traditional and Western chronic disease knowledge. Limitations: Consistent with scoping review methodology, the methodological quality of included studies was not assessed. In addition, it was difficult to synthesize the findings from the research and gray literature. Conclusion: Little is known about the co-development of Indigenous educational tools for CKD. Further in-depth understanding is required about how to best engage with Indigenous communities, specifically to co-develop contextualized CKD tools that are acceptable to Indigenous people. Trial registration: Not applicable as this review described secondary data.
Prognostic impact of pre-existing interstitial lung disease in non-HIV patients withPneumocystispneumonia
Authors: Hamada Shohei , Ichiyasu Hidenori , Inaba Megumi , Takahashi Hiroshi , Sadamatsu Tomoki , Akaike Kimitaka , Masunaga Aiko , Tashiro Yasumasa , Hirata Naomi , Yoshinaga Takeshi , Sakagami Takuro 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe increasing incidence of life-threateningPneumocystispneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV immunocompromised patients is a global concern. Yet, no reports have examined the prognostic significance of pre-existing interstitial lung disease (ILD) in non-HIV PCP.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of non-HIV PCP patients with (ILD group) or without (non-ILD group) pre-existing ILD. The clinical features and outcomes of the ILD group were compared with those of the non-ILD group. Cox regression models were constructed to identify prognostic factors.Results74 patients were enrolled in this study. The 90-day mortality was significantly higher in the ILD group than in the non-ILD group (62.5%versus19.0%, p<0.001). In the ILD group, patients with a higher percentage of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophils had worse outcomes compared to those having a lower percentage (p=0.026). Multivariate analyses revealed that pre-existing ILD (p=0.002) and low levels of serum albumin (p=0.009) were independent risk factors for 90-day mortality. Serum levels of β-d-glucan were significantly reduced after treatment of PCP in both groups, whereas levels of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) significantly increased in the ILD group. In the ILD group, the 90-day mortality of patients with increasing KL-6 levels after treatment was significantly higher than those with decreasing levels (78.9%versus0%, p=0.019).ConclusionIn non-HIV PCP patients, pre-existing ILD is associated with a poorer prognosis. Prophylaxis for PCP is needed in patients with pre-existing ILD under immunosuppression.
An assessment of hypercapnia-induced elevations in regional cerebral perfusion during combined orthostatic and heat stresses
Authors: Shibasaki Manabu , Sato Kohei , Hirasawa Ai , Sadamoto Tomoko , Crandall Craig G. , Ogoh Shigehiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigated that the effects of hypercapnia-induced elevations in cerebral perfusion during a heat stress on global cerebrovascular responses to an orthostatic challenge. Seven volunteers completed a progressive lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) challenge to presyncope during heat stress, with or without breathing a hypercapnic gas mixture. Administration of the hypercapnic gas mixture increased the partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 greater than pre-heat stress alone, and increased both internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) blood flows (P < 0.05). During LBNP, both ICA and VA blood flows with the hypercapnic gas mixture remained elevated relative to the control trial (P < 0.05). However, at the end of LBNP due to pre-syncopal symptoms, both ICA and VA blood flows decreased to similar levels between trials. These findings suggest that hypercapnia-induced cerebral vasodilation is insufficient to maintain cerebral perfusion at the end of LBNP due to pre-syncope in either the anterior or posterior vascular beds.
Detecting PCOS susceptibility loci from genome-wide association studies via iterative trend correlation based feature screening
Authors: Dai Xiaotian , Fu Guifang , Reese Randall 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Feature screening plays a critical role in handling ultrahigh dimensional data analyses when the number of features exponentially exceeds the number of observations. It is increasingly common in biomedical research to have case-control (binary) response and an extremely large-scale categorical features. However, the approach considering such data types is limited in extant literature. In this article, we propose a new feature screening approach based on the iterative trend correlation (ITC-SIS, for short) to detect important susceptibility loci that are associated with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affection status by screening 731,442 SNP features that were collected from the genome-wide association studies.

Results
We prove that the trend correlation based screening approach satisfies the theoretical strong screening consistency property under a set of reasonable conditions, which provides an appealing theoretical support for its outperformance. We demonstrate that the finite sample performance of ITC-SIS is accurate and fast through various simulation designs.

Conclusion
ITC-SIS serves as a good alternative method to detect disease susceptibility loci for clinic genomic data.
Effects of transversus abdominis plane block versus quadratus lumborum block on postoperative analgesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Wang Xiaojia , Zhang Kexian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrunk block technique has been used in postoperative analgesia for patients undergoing surgery, specifically, transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) and quadratus lumborum block (QLB) have been proved effective. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the effects of TAPB and QLB in postoperative analgesia.MethodsOnline databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (&Trail), Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and QVIP were applied to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to Dec. 9th, 2019. Twenty-two studies were finally included containing 777 patients in the TAPB group and 783 cases in QLB group. RCTs comparing TAPB and QLB in postoperative analgesia were included in this meta-analysis. The indicators including total analgesia consumption postoperatively, operative time, duration of anesthesia, visual analogue scale (VAS) score at 24 h postoperatively, duration of postoperative analgesia, the number of patients requiring analgesia postoperatively and adverse reactions were analyzed.Resultsour findings showed that morphine consumption (mg) (WMD = 3.893, 95%CI: 2.053 to 5.733,P < 0.001), fentanyl consumption (μg) (WMD = 23.815, 95%CI: 15.521 to 32.109,P < 0.001), VAS score at 24 h postoperatively (WMD = 0.459, 95%CI: 0.118 to 0.801,P = 0.008), the number of patients requiring analgesia postoperatively (WMD = 3.893, 95%CI: 2.053 to 5.733,P < 0.001), and the incidence of dizziness (WMD = 2.691, 95%CI: 1.653 to 4.382,P < 0.001) in TAPB group were higher than in QLB group.ConclusionsQLB is superior to TAPB in reducing morphine consumption, fentanyl consumption, VAS score at 24 h postoperatively, the number of patients requiring analgesia postoperatively, and the incidence of dizziness.
Demographic, socio-economic and other associated risk factors for self-medication behaviour among university students of Sri Lanka: a cross sectional study
Authors: Subashini Nirma , Udayanga Lahiru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSelf-prescribing practices are considered as a significant issue in the health sector due to mal-practices. This has become a more worsen issue in developing countries with easy access to medication. Current study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of self-medication and to evaluate the driving factors behind this behavior, among university students of Sri Lanka.MethodA total of 700 randomly selected undergraduates of three state universities in Sri Lanka, were recruited as the study population for the cross-sectional study. Information on socio-demographic, Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices relevant to Self-Medication (SM) were gathered using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate the Odds Ratios (OR) and the 95% confidence intervals of the OR for socio-demographic risk factors on SM.ResultsAround 78% of the studied population denoted a SM behaviour. Only, 37.7% of respondents were familiar with the classification of “Over the Counter” (OTC) drugs, while majority were well aware of the risks of SM (> 50%). Fever (61.3%) and cough (56.7%) were the major health issues for SM, while antipyretics and drugs for cough and runny nose (73.6%) were the mostly used medication. Previous experience (76%) and trivial nature of health issues (73%) were recognized as the major reasons for SM. Majority of respondents declared that community pharmacies (86.9%) and left over medication from previous prescriptions (51%) were the sources for SM. Based on the binary logistic regression, age, residence locality, field of study and academic year were recognized as significant risk factors (P < 0.05) for SM within the studied undergraduate population.ConclusionBased on the high prevalence rate of SM, the health authorities of Sri Lanka should pay more attention towards the wellbeing and responsible medication usage of undergraduates. Designing of effective tools and regulations to monitor the selling of medication and improving the health education are recommended to ensure responsible SM within the country.
How people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease perceive their illness: a qualitative study between mind and body
Authors: Pozzar Marta , Volpato Eleonora , Valota Chiara , Pagnini Francesco , Banfi Paolo Innocente 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many studies on people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) have examined the mutual impact of physical status and emotional experience, there is limited knowledge about the way COPD people first-hand perceive their condition. This study was designed to investigate the illness perceptions of the patients and, secondarily, to explore their beliefs about the mind-body relationship.MethodsThis qualitative study has exploited an ad-hoc semi-structured interview to collect personal perspectives of participants on their illness. Twenty-seven patients (15 males and 12 females), with a mild to severe COPD, were recruited within the Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit of Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, in Milan. The thematic analysis of the interviews’ content was facilitated by NVivo (12th version, QSR International®).ResultsThe thematic analysis of the corpus resulted in four master themes.Illness experiencehas been considered the primary one. Indeed, dealing with COPD every day allows these people to portray a specific representation of themind-body relationship,to gain a certain degree ofexpertiseand to develop a perspective on thefuture.ConclusionsIndividual perceptions of the illness vary among people with COPD, but some common experiences characterize them. Many patients share a profound belief that their mental state and their physical symptoms are highly interrelated.
Simultaneous totally robotic rectal resection and partial nephrectomy: case report and review of literature
Authors: Cochetti G. , Tiezzi A. , Spizzirri A. , Giuliani D. , Rossi de Vermandois J. A. , Maiolino G. , Coccetta M. , Napolitano V. , Pennetti Pennella F. , Francesconi S. , Mearini E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of synchronous RCC and colorectal cancer is heterogeneous ranging from 0.03 to 4.85%. Instead, only one case of huge colon carcinoma and renal angiomyolipoma was reported. The treatment of synchronous kidney and colorectal neoplasm is, preferably, synchronous resection. Currently, laparoscopic approach has shown to be feasible and safe, and it has become the gold standard of synchronous resection due to advantages of minimally invasive surgery. We presented a case synchronous renal neoplasm and colorectal cancer undergone simultaneous totally robotic renal enucleation and rectal resection with primary intracorporeal anastomosis. As our knowledge, this is the first case in literature of simultaneous robotic surgery for renal and colorectal tumor.Case presentationA 53-year-old woman was affected by recto-sigmoid junction cancer and a solid 5 cm left renal mass. We performed a simultaneous robotic low anterior rectal resection and renal enucleation. Total operative time was 260 min with robotic time of 220 min; estimated blood loss was 150 ml; time to flatus was 72 h, and oral diet was administered 4 days after surgery. The patient was discharged on the eighth post-operative day without peri- and post-operative complication. The definitive histological examination showed a neuroendocrine tumor pT2N1 G2, with negative circumferential and distal resection margins. Renal tumor was angiomyolipoma. At 23 months follow-up, the patient is recurrence free.Discussion and conclusionAs our knowledge, we described the first case in literature of simultaneous robotic anterior rectal resection and partial nephrectomy for treatment of colorectal tumor and renal mass. Robotic rectal resection with intracorporeal anastomosis surgery seems to be feasible and safe even when it is associated with simultaneous partial nephrectomy. Many features of robotic technology could be useful in combined surgery. This strategy is recommended only when patients’ medical conditions allow for longer anesthesia exposure. The advantages are to avoid a delay treatment of second tumor, to reduce the time to start the post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy, to avoid a second anesthetic procedure, and to reduce the patient discomfort. However, further studies are needed to evaluate robotic approach as standard surgical strategy for simultaneous treatment of colorectal and renal neoplasm.