bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid‐Phase Assisted Engineering of Highly Strong SiC Composite Reinforced by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Fan Yuchi , Song Erhong , Mustafa Tufail , Liu Ruicong , Qiu Pengpeng , Zhou Weiwei , Zhou Zhenxing , Kawasaki Akira , Shirasu Keiichi , Hashida Toshiyuki , Liu Jianjun , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan , Luo Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite the ultrahigh intrinsic strength of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), the strengthening effect on ceramic matrix composite remains far from expectation mainly due to the weak load transfer between the reinforcement and ceramic matrix. With the assistance of the in situ pullout test, it is revealed that the liquid‐phase sintering (LPS) can serve as a novel strategy to achieve effective load transfer in MWCNT reinforced ceramic matrix composites. The YAlO3 formed liquid phase during spark plasma sintering of SiC composite greatly facilitates radical elastic deformation of MWCNT, leading to highly increased interfacial shear strength (IFSS) as well as interlayer shear resistance (ISR) of nested walls. The liquid phase with superior wettability can even penetrate into the defects of MWCNT, which further increases the ISR of MWCNT. Moreover, the first‐principles calculation indicates that the oxygen terminated YAlO3 phase displays much stronger bonding compared with SiC matrix, which is also responsible for the large IFSS in the composite. As a result, as high as 30% improvement of bending strength is achieved in the composite with only 3 wt% MWCNT in comparison to the monolithic ceramic, manifesting the unprecedented strengthening effect of MWCNT assisted by LPS.
Polymicrogyria is Associated With Pathogenic Variants in PTEN
Authors: Shao Diane D. , Achkar Christelle M. , Lai Abbe , Srivastava Siddharth , Doan Ryan N. , Rodan Lance H. , Chen Allen Y. ,   the Brain Development Study Group, Poduri Annapurna , Yang Edward , Walsh Christopher A. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveCongenital structural brain malformations have been described in patients with pathogenic phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) variants, but the frequency of cortical malformations in patients with PTEN variants and their impact on clinical phenotype are not well understood. Our goal was to systematically characterize brain malformations in patients with PTEN variants and assess the relevance of their brain malformations to clinical presentation.MethodsWe systematically searched a local radiology database for patients with PTEN variants who had available brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI scans were reviewed systematically for cortical abnormalities. We reviewed electroencephalogram (EEG) data and evaluated the electronic medical record for evidence of epilepsy and developmental delay.ResultsIn total, we identified 22 patients with PTEN pathogenic variants for which brain MRIs were available (age range 0.4–17 years). Twelve among these 22 patients (54%) had polymicrogyria (PMG). Variants associated with PMG or atypical gyration encoded regions of the phosphatase or C2 domains of PTEN. Interestingly, epilepsy was present in only 2 of the 12 patients with PMG. We found a trend toward higher rates of global developmental delay (GDD), intellectual disability (ID), and motor delay in individuals with cortical abnormalities, although cohort size limited statistical significance.InterpretationMalformations of cortical development, PMG in particular, represent an under‐recognized phenotype associated with PTEN pathogenic variants and may have an association with cognitive and motor delays. Epilepsy was infrequent compared to the previously reported high risk of epilepsy in patients with PMG. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1153–1164
Synthese von Vinyl‐verknüpften zweidimensionalen konjugierten Polymeren via Horner‐Wadsworth‐Emmons‐Reaktion
Authors: Pastoetter Dominik L. , Xu Shunqi , Borrelli Mino , Addicoat Matthew , Biswal Bishnu P. , Paasch Silvia , Dianat Arezoo , Thomas Heidi , Berger Reinhard , Reineke Sebastian , Brunner Eike , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Richter Marcus , Feng Xinliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn dieser Arbeit berichten wir von der ersten Synthese von vinyl‐verknüpften 2D CPs, nämlich 2D‐Poly(phenylenchinoxalinvinyl)en2D‐PPQV1und2D‐PPQV2, mit der Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons‐ (HWE) Reaktion von C2‐symmetrischem 1,4‐Bis(diethylphosphonomethyl)benzol oder 4,4′‐Bis(diethylphosphonomethyl)biphenyl mit C3‐symmetrischem 2,3,8,9,14,15‐hexa(4‐formylphenyl)diquinoxalino[2,3‐a: 2′,3′‐c]phenazin als Monomeren. Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT)‐basierende Simulationen klären die entscheidende Rolle der anfänglichen reversiblen C−C‐Einfachbindungsbildung für die Synthese kristalliner 2D CPs auf. Pulver‐Röntgenbeugungsstudien (PXRD) und Stickstoff‐Adsorptions‐Desorptionsmessungen beweisen die Bildung der vorhergesagten kristallinen, zweiporigen Strukturen mit einer Oberfläche von bis zu 440 m2 g−1. Interessanterweise zeigt der Vergleich der optoelektronischen Eigenschaften der synthetisierten2D‐PPQV1(Eg=2.2 eV) und2D‐PPQV2(Eg=2.2 eV) mit denen von Cyano‐Vinyl‐verknüpftem2D‐CN‐PPQV1(Eg=2.4 eV), welches durch die Knoevenagel‐Reaktion synthetisiert wurde, und des Imin‐verknüpften 2D‐COF‐Analogs (2D‐C=N‐PPQV1, Eg=2.3 eV), die höhere Konjugation der vinyl‐verknüpften 2D CPs durch die HWE‐Reaktion.
Oganesson: Ein Edelgas, das weder edel noch ein Gas ist
Authors: Smits Odile R. , Mewes Jan‐Michael , Jerabek Paul , Schwerdtfeger Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOganesson (Og) stellt den letzten Eintrag ins Periodensystem dar. Es vervollständigt damit die siebte Periode sowie die Gruppe 18 der Edelgase. Bisher konnten lediglich fünf Og‐Atome in aufwändigen Teilchenbeschleunigerexperimenten erzeugt werden. Aufgrund der außerordentlich kurzen Halbwertszeit von 0.
ms für
Og[1] können Aussagen bezüglich chemischer und physikalischer Eigenschaften nur mittels relativistischer Quantentheorien gemacht werden. In dieser Arbeit verwenden wir zwei komplementäre Ansätze, um den Schmelz‐ und Siedepunkt dieses superschweren Elements akkurat zu bestimmen: Einerseits Simulationen auf Grundlage von Parallel Tempering Monte‐Carlo (PTMC) und andererseits auf First‐Principles basierender Thermodynamischer Integration (TI), die beide mithilfe von hoch genauen Coupled‐Cluster‐Rechnungen kalibriert worden sind. In hervorragender Übereinstimmung miteinander sagen beide Methoden voraus, dass Og unter Normalbedingungen ein Feststoff mit einem Schmelzpunkt von ≈325 K ist. Ohne Berücksichtigung der relativistischen Effekte wäre Og mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 220 K gasförmig, wie es für ein typisches Edelgaselement zu erwarten wäre. Demnach verschieben relativistische Effekte den Fest‐Flüssig‐Phasenübergang um etwa 100 K.
Synthesis of Vinylene‐Linked Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Polymers via the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons Reaction
Authors: Pastoetter Dominik L. , Xu Shunqi , Borrelli Mino , Addicoat Matthew , Biswal Bishnu P. , Paasch Silvia , Dianat Arezoo , Thomas Heidi , Berger Reinhard , Reineke Sebastian , Brunner Eike , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Richter Marcus , Feng Xinliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate the first synthesis of vinylene‐linked 2D CPs, namely, 2D poly(phenylenequinoxalinevinylene)s2D‐PPQV1and2D‐PPQV2, via the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) reaction ofC2‐symmetric 1,4‐bis(diethylphosphonomethyl)benzene or 4,4′‐bis(diethylphosphonomethyl)biphenyl withC3‐symmetric 2,3,8,9,14,15‐hexa(4‐formylphenyl)diquinoxalino[2,3‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine as monomers. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations unveil the crucial role of the initial reversible C−C single bond formation for the synthesis of crystalline 2D CPs. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) studies and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption measurements demonstrate the formation of proclaimed crystalline, dual‐pore structures with surface areas of up to 440 m2 g−1. More importantly, the optoelectronic properties of the obtained2D‐PPQV1(Eg=2.2 eV) and2D‐PPQV2(Eg=2.2 eV) are compared with those of cyano‐vinylene‐linked2D‐CN‐PPQV1(Eg=2.4 eV) produced by the Knoevenagel reaction and imine‐linked 2D COF analog (2D‐C=N‐PPQV1, Eg=2.3 eV), unambiguously proving the superior conjugation of the vinylene‐linked 2D CPs using the HWE reaction.
Oganesson: A Noble Gas Element That Is Neither Noble Nor a Gas
Authors: Smits Odile R. , Mewes Jan‐Michael , Jerabek Paul , Schwerdtfeger Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOganesson (Og) is the last entry into the Periodic Table completing the seventh period of elements and group 18 of the noble gases. Only five atoms of Og have been successfully produced in nuclear collision experiments, with an estimate half‐life for
Og of 0.
ms.[1] With such a short lifetime, chemical and physical properties inevitably have to come from accurate relativistic quantum theory. Here, we employ two complementary computational approaches, namely parallel tempering Monte‐Carlo (PTMC) simulations and first‐principles thermodynamic integration (TI), both calibrated against a highly accurate coupled‐cluster reference to pin‐down the melting and boiling points of this super‐heavy element. In excellent agreement, these approaches show Og to be a solid at ambient conditions with a melting point of ≈325 K. In contrast, calculations in the nonrelativistic limit reveal a melting point for Og of 220 K, suggesting a gaseous state as expected for a typical noble gas element. Accordingly, relativistic effects shift the solid‐to‐liquid phase transition by about 100 K.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol–cholesterol modified soy lecithin liposomes for poorlywater‐solubleanticancer drug delivery
Authors: Le Ngoc Thuy Trang , Nguyen Dinh Tien Dung , Nguyen Ngoc Hoi , Nguyen Cuu Khoa , Nguyen Dai Hai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoy lecithin liposomes (SLP) were prepared and partially surface modified with methoxy polyethylene glycol‐cholesterol conjugate (mPEG‐Chol) to improve its poorly‐soluble‐water‐anticancer‐drugs delivery efficiency. Paclitaxel (PTX) was used as the model drug and the PTX/SLP@mPEG was successfully developed with the optimal mass ratio of mPEG‐Chol determined at 4% in the SLP@mPEG formulation. The optimal SLP@mPEG formulation had a particle size range of 161.80 ± 1.51 nm and a negative surface charge of −54.30 ± 1.40 mV. Besides, a sustained drug release profile of 72 h and an encapsulation efficiency of 87.48 ± 0.70% was recorded. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that SLP@mPEG is nontoxic and cytocompatible. Overall, these obtained results provide insights into the potential of SLP@mPEG as a platform for the development of more effective therapies against cancers.
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new nitric oxide‐donating fluoroquinolone/oxime hybrids
Authors: Aziz Hossameldin A. , Moustafa Gamal A. I. , Abuo‐Rahma Gamal El‐Din A. , Rabea Safwat M. , Hauk Glenn , Krishna Vagolu S. , Sriram Dharmarajan , Berger James M. , Abbas Samar H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new series of nitric oxide‐donating fluoroquinolone/oximes was prepared in this study. The nitric oxide release from the prepared compounds was measured using a modified Griess colorimetric method. The antitubercular evaluation of the synthesized compounds indicated that ketone derivatives 2b and 2e and oximes 3b and 3d exhibited somewhat higher activity than their respective parent fluoroquinolones. Mycobacterial DNA cleavage studies and molecular modeling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase were pursued to explain the observed bioactivity. More important, antibacterial evaluation showed that oximes 3c–e are highly potent against Klebsiella pneumoniae, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.06, 0.08, and 0.034 µM, respectively, whereas ketone 2c and oxime 4c are more active against Staphylococcus aureus than ciprofloxacin (MIC values: 0.7, 0.38, and 1.6 µM, respectively). Notably, the antipseudomonal activities of compounds 2a and 4c were much higher than those of their respective parent fluoroquinolones.
Ultralow‐Molecular‐Weight Stimuli‐Responsive and Multifunctional Supramolecular Gels Based on Monomers and Trimers of Hydrazides
Authors: Wu Dehua , Song Jintong , Qu Lang , Zhou Weilan , Wang Lei , Zhou Xiangge , Xiang Haifeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe simpler, the better. A series of simple, neutral and ultralow‐molecular‐weight (MW: 140–200) hydrazide‐derived supramolecular gelators have been designed and synthesized in two straightforward steps. For non‐conjugated cyclohexane‐derived hydrazides, their monomers can self‐assemble to form gels through intermolecular hydrogen bonds and dipole‐dipole interactions. Significantly, conjugated phthalhydrazide can self‐aggregate into planar and circular trimers through intermolecular hydrogen bonds and then self‐assemble to form gels through intermolecular π–π stacking interactions. It is interesting that these simple gelators exhibit unusual properties, such as self‐healing, multi‐response fluorescence, and visual and selective recognition of chiral (R)/(S)‐1,1′‐binaphthalene‐2,2′‐diamine and S2− through much different times of gel re‐formation and blue‐green color change, respectively. These results underline the importance of supramolecular gels and extend the scope of supramolecular gelators.
Examining the Temporal Limits of Enhanced Visual Feature Detection in Children With Autism
Authors: Kopec Justin , Hagmann Carl , Shea Nicole , Prawl Alyssa , Batkin Daniel , Russo Natalie 
Published: September 2020

The enhanced perceptual processing of visual features in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is supported by an abundance of evidence in the spatial domain, with less robust evidence regarding whether this extends to information presented across time. The current study aimed to replicate and extend previous work finding that children with an ASD demonstrated enhanced perceptual accuracy in detecting feature‐based (but not categorically defined) targets in time, when these were presented quickly, at a stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of 50 ms per item. Specifically, we extend the range of SOAs to examine the temporal boundaries of this enhanced accuracy and examine whether there is a relationship between ASD‐related traits and detection accuracy on temporal visual search tasks. Individuals with autism perceived feature‐based targets with statistically higher accuracy than their typically developing peers between SOAs of 39 and 65 ms and were numerically faster at all SOAs. No group differences were noted for category‐based task accuracy. Our results also demonstrated that ASD‐related traits measured by the autism spectrum quotient were positively correlated with accuracy on the feature‐based task. Overall, results suggest that accurate visual perception of features (particularly color) is enhanced in children with ASD across time.Lay SummaryOur results suggest that children with autism are able to process visual features, such as color, more accurately than typically developing children, even when these are presented very rapidly. Accuracy was higher in children with higher levels of autism‐related traits and symptoms. Our findings suggest that more accurate visual perception exists not only across space in children with autism, as much of the existing literature demonstrates, but also over time.Autism Res2020, 13: 1561–1572. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eye Movements of Spatial Working Memory Encoding in Children with and without Autism: Chunking Processing and Reference Preference
Authors: Li Songze , Hu Jinsheng , Chang Ruosong , Li Qi , Wan Peng , Liu Shuqing 
Published: September 2020

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience spatial working memory deficits and show different encoding mechanisms from typical developing (TD) peers. To effectively describe the encoding strategies of those with ASD and highlight their characteristics in cognitive processing, we adopted improved change detection tasks and added eye‐movement indicators to investigate the chunking function and reference preference of children with and without ASD. The current study included 20 participants with ASD aged 8–16 and 20 TD children matched for age, gender, and intelligence. Experiment 1 used high/low‐structured change detection tasks, and eye‐movement indexes were recorded as they memorized the locations of the items to investigate spatial chunking strategies. In Experiment 2, changes in eye movement patterns were observed by adding a frame of reference. The results suggested different encoding strategies in ASD and TD individuals. The ASD group showed local processing bias and had difficulty adopting chunking strategies in spatial working memory. Eye‐movement analysis suggested that they rarely showed integrated information processing tendency observed in TD children. Moreover, as a compensatory processing, they were more likely to use the frame of reference. In this study, we compared the spatial chunking strategies and reference preference of children with and without ASD, and eye‐movement analysis was used to investigate the processing mechanism. These findings are significant for research on cognitive characteristics of ASD and provide a new focus for working memory training in children with ASD.Lay SummaryThe current study suggests that children with autism spectrum disorder are poorer at organizing items into chunks in spatial working memory, but rely more on reference frames. If the purpose of location memory is to strengthen the adaptability of children with autism, it should provide them with more clues or references. If it is for the purpose of intervention such as cognitive training, it should guide them to integrate information to improve the basic cognitive processing efficiency. Autism Res 2021, 14: 897–910. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Prenatal and foetal autopsy findings in glutaric aciduria type II
Authors: Martinez‐Aracil Adriano , Ruiz‐Onandi Rebeca , Perez‐Rodriguez Alvaro , Sagasta Amaia , Llano‐Rivas Isabel , Perez de Nanclares Guiomar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlutaric aciduria type 2 is a rare, lethal disorder that affects metabolism of fatty acids caused by genetic defects in electron transfer (ETF) or in electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH). We aimed to describe the pathological findings of 15 week old foetus, born from a consanguineous couple with 3 previous perinatal deaths. The last son died at 4 days of life and genetic analyses revealed a novel probably pathogenic variant at ETFDH (c.706dupG + c.706dupG) that codifies for a truncated protein (p.Glu236Glyfs*5 + p.Glu236Glyfs*5).CaseDuring the gestation, due to the medical familial history, prenatal echography and a chorial biopsy for ETFDH‐associated glutaric aciduria analysis were carried out. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of the homozygous familial variant in the ETFDH gene. The gestation was terminated and the foetal autopsy performed.Autopsy revealed prominent forehead, flat nasal bridge, malformed ears, intrauterine growth retardation, polycystic kidneys and steatosis in the liver, consistent with the diagnosis of glutaric aciduria type II. The comparison of present cases with the previously reported in the literature confirmed the presence of classical criteria, but also revealed the association with urogenital deformities, not previously stated.ConclusionsClinical and foetal findings allowed the characterisation of the novel variant (c.706dupG at ETDFH) as pathogenic. Genotype–phenotype relationship is important when studying rare genetic disorders such as glutaric aciduria type II, as variants are usually family‐specific, leading to a difficulty in the characterisation of their pathogenicity.
Development of a novel intravascular oxygenator catheter: Oxygen mass transfer properties across nonporous hollow fiber membranes
Authors: Farling Stewart , Straube Tobias L. , Vesel Travis P. , Bottenus Nick , Klitzman Bruce , Cheifetz Ira M. , Deshusses Marc A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite hypoxic respiratory failure representing a large portion of total hospitalizations and healthcare spending worldwide, therapeutic options beyond mechanical ventilation are limited. We demonstrate the technical feasibility of providing oxygen to a bulk medium, such as blood, via diffusion across nonporous hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) using hyperbaric oxygen. The oxygen transfer across Teflon® membranes was characterized at oxygen pressures up to 2 bars in both a stirred tank vessel (CSTR) and a tubular device mimicking intravenous application. Fluxes over 550 ml min−1 m−2 were observed in well‐mixed systems, and just over 350 ml min−1 m−2 in flow through tubular systems. Oxygen flux was proportional to the oxygen partial pressure inside the HFM over the tested range and increased with mixing of the bulk liquid. Some bubbles were observed at the higher pressures (1.9 bar) and when bulk liquid dissolved oxygen concentrations were high. High‐frequency ultrasound was applied to detect and count individual bubbles, but no increase from background levels was detected during lower pressure operation. A conceptual model of the oxygen transport was developed and validated. Model parametric sensitivity studies demonstrated that diffusion through the thin fiber walls was a significant resistance to mass transfer, and that promoting convection around the fibers should enable physiologically relevant oxygen supply. This study indicates that a device is within reach that is capable of delivering greater than 10% of a patient's basal oxygen needs in a configuration that readily fits intravascularly.
Nomogram forecasting 3‐, 5‐, and 8‐year overall survival and cancer‐specific survival of gingival squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yan Lei , Deng Weizhuo , Guan Lina , Xu Hao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNo nomogram models addressing the personalized prognosis evaluation of patients with gingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) have been documented. We sought to establish nomograms to forecast overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) of patients with GSCC. We collected the detailed clinicopathological information of 2505 patients with GSCC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. Afterward, we divided the 2505 cases into a modeling group (n = 1253) and an external validation cohort (n = 1252) via random split‐sample method. We developed the nomograms on the basis of the Kaplan‐Meier and multivariate Cox survival analysis of the modeling group and then split the modeling cohort into two parts based on cut‐off values: high‐ and low‐risk cohorts. An improved survival was shown in the low‐risk group compared to their counterpart, with a significant difference after the log‐rank test. The performance of the nomograms was evaluated via concordance‐index (C‐index), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and calibration curves. All the C‐indexes and AUCs were greater than 0.7, showing high accuracy. Moreover, the calibrations showed that the actual observations were close to the 45° perfect reference line. In conclusion, we successfully developed two nomograms to provide individualized, patient‐specific estimates of OS and CSS available for risk‐stratification.