bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fish oil supplementation reduces maternal defensive inflammation and predicts a gut bacteriome with reduced immune priming capacity in infants
Authors: Quin Candice , Vollman Deanna M , Ghosh Sanjoy , Haskey Natasha , Estaki Mehrbod , Pither Jason , Barnett Jacqueline A , Jay Michael N , Birnie Blake W , Gibson Deanna L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Habitual supplementation of fish oil is thought to provide benefits to the developing infant; however, the effects on infant microbial establishment and immune development are unknown. A 6-month observational cohort study was conducted where 47 out of 91 women self-administered dietary fish oil during breastfeeding. Infant stool and mothers’ breast milk were collected each month over 6 months. Gas chromatography was used to quantify breast milk fatty acids and high-throughput sequencing was used to assess the infant fecal microbiota. Immune markers and parent-reported questionnaires were used to assess infant immunity and health up to 2 years. Our results reveal that fish oil supplementation decreased secretory immunoglobulin A and increased IL-10 production in lactating women along with increased breast milk eicosapentaenoic acid, and this corresponded to increased abundances of fecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp. in their infants. Docosahexaenoic acid levels in breast milk aligned with decreases in infant gut bacterial richness and the predicted bacterial phenotypes suggested that fish oil lowers commensal traits involved in pathogen colonization resistance. Despite this, there were no differences in sickness incidence in toddlers. This study revealed that fish oil associates with decreases in breast milk defensive inflammatory responses and corresponds with infant fecal microbiota with anti-inflammatory potential.
The hidden chemolithoautotrophic metabolism of Geobacter sulfurreducens uncovered by adaptation to formate
Authors: Zhang Tian , Shi Xiao-Chen , Ding Ran , Xu Kai , Tremblay Pier-Luc 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Multiple Fe(III)-reducing Geobacter species including the model Geobacter sulfurreducens are thought to be incapable of carbon dioxide fixation. The discovery of the reversed oxidative tricarboxylic acid cycle (roTCA) for CO2 reduction with citrate synthase as key enzyme raises the possibility that G. sulfurreducens harbors the metabolic potential for chemolithoautotrophic growth. We investigate this hypothesis by transferring G. sulfurreducens PCA serially with Fe(III) as electron acceptor and formate as electron donor and carbon source. The evolved strain T17-3 grew chemolithoautotrophically with a 2.7-fold population increase over 48 h and a Fe(III) reduction rate of 417.5 μM h−1. T17-3 also grew with CO2 as carbon source. Mutations in T17-3 and enzymatic assays point to an adaptation process where the succinyl-CoA synthetase, which is inactive in the wild-type, became active to complete the roTCA cycle. Deletion of the genes coding for the succinyl-CoA synthetase in T17-3 prevented growth with formate as substrate. Enzymatic assays also showed that the citrate synthase can perform the necessary cleavage of citrate for the functional roTCA cycle. These results demonstrate that G. sulfurreducens after adaptation reduced CO2 via the roTCA cycle. This previously hidden metabolism can be harnessed for biotechnological applications and suggests hidden ecological functions for Geobacter.
Association between the National Cancer Screening Programme (NSCP) for gastric cancer and oesophageal cancer mortality
Authors: Kim Jie-Hyun , Han Kyung-Do , Lee Jung Kuk , Kim Hyun-Soo , Cha Jae Myung , Park Sohee , Kim Joo Sung , Kim Won Ho ,   for the Big Data Research Group (BDRG) of the Korean Society of Gastroenterology (KSG)
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim was to evaluate whether this gastric cancer-screening programme was effective in reducing oesophageal cancer mortality.

Methods
A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Korean National Cancer Screening Programme (NCSP) database. The study cohort comprised 16,969 oesophageal cancer patients who had been diagnosed in 2007–2014. We analysed the association between the history of NSCP for gastric cancer and oesophageal cancer mortality.

Results
Compared with never-screened subjects, ever-screened subjects had an overall HR for oesophageal cancer mortality of 0.647 (95% CI, 0.617–0.679). According to the time interval since screening, the HRs of death were 0.731 (95% CI, 0.667–0.801) for 6–11 months, 0.635 (95% CI, 0.594–0.679) for 12–23 months, 0.564 (95% CI, 0.522–0.610) for 24–35 months and 0.742 (95% CI, 0.679–0.810) for ≥36 months. According to the last screening modality, the HRs of death were 0.497 (95% CI, 0.464–0.531) for upper endoscopy, and 0.792 (95% CI, 0.749–0.838) for UGIS. Upper endoscopy reduced the mortality consistently in all age groups over 50 years, whereas UGIS could not.

Conclusion
The NCSP for gastric cancer was effective in reducing the mortality of oesophageal cancer, and upper endoscopy was superior to UGIS.
Interlayer quantum transport in Dirac semimetal BaGa2
Authors: Xu Sheng , Bao Changhua , Guo Peng-Jie , Wang Yi-Yan , Yu Qiao-He , Sun Lin-Lin , Su Yuan , Liu Kai , Lu Zhong-Yi , Zhou Shuyun , Xia Tian-Long 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe quantum limit is quite easy to achieve once the band crossing exists exactly at the Fermi level (EF) in topological semimetals. In multilayered Dirac fermion systems, the density of Dirac fermions on the zeroth Landau levels (LLs) increases in proportion to the magnetic field, resulting in intriguing angle- and field-dependent interlayer tunneling conductivity near the quantum limit. BaGa2 is an example of a multilayered Dirac semimetal with its quasi-2D Dirac cone located at EF, providing a good platform to study its interlayer transport properties. In this paper, we report the negative interlayer magnetoresistance induced by the tunneling of Dirac fermions between the zeroth LLs of neighboring Ga layers in BaGa2. When the field deviates from the c-axis, the interlayer resistivity ρzz(θ) increases and finally results in a peak with the applied field perpendicular to the c-axis. These unusual interlayer transport properties are observed together in the Dirac semimetal under ambient pressure and are well explained by the model of tunneling between Dirac fermions in the quantum limit.
Hepatocyte mitochondria-derived danger signals directly activate hepatic stellate cells and drive progression of liver fibrosis
Authors: An Ping , Wei Lin-Lin , Zhao Shuangshuang , Sverdlov Deanna Y. , Vaid Kahini A. , Miyamoto Makoto , Kuramitsu Kaori , Lai Michelle , Popov Yury V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDue to their bacterial ancestry, many components of mitochondria share structural similarities with bacteria. Release of molecular danger signals from injured cell mitochondria (mitochondria-derived damage-associated molecular patterns, mito-DAMPs) triggers a potent inflammatory response, but their role in fibrosis is unknown. Using liver fibrosis resistant/susceptible mouse strain system, we demonstrate that mito-DAMPs released from injured hepatocyte mitochondria (with mtDNA as major active component) directly activate hepatic stellate cells, the fibrogenic cell in the liver, and drive liver scarring. The release of mito-DAMPs is controlled by efferocytosis of dying hepatocytes by phagocytic resident liver macrophages and infiltrating Gr-1(+) myeloid cells. Circulating mito-DAMPs are markedly increased in human patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and significant liver fibrosis. Our study identifies specific pathway driving liver fibrosis, with important diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Targeting mito-DAMP release from hepatocytes and/or modulating the phagocytic function of macrophages represents a promising antifibrotic strategy.
Massive peatland carbon banks vulnerable to rising temperatures
Authors: Hopple A. M. , Wilson R. M. , Kolton M. , Zalman C. A. , Chanton J. P. , Kostka J. , Hanson P. J. , Keller J. K. , Bridgham S. D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeatlands contain one-third of the world’s soil carbon (C). If destabilized, decomposition of this vast C bank could accelerate climate warming; however, the likelihood of this outcome remains unknown. Here, we examine peatland C stability through five years of whole-ecosystem warming and two years of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO2). Warming exponentially increased methane (CH4) emissions and enhanced CH4production rates throughout the entire soil profile; although surface CH4production rates remain much greater than those at depth. Additionally, older deeper C sources played a larger role in decomposition following prolonged warming. Most troubling, decreases in CO2:CH4ratios in gas production, porewater concentrations, and emissions, indicate that the peatland is becoming more methanogenic with warming. We observed limited evidence of eCO2effects. Our results suggest that ecosystem responses are largely driven by surface peat, but that the vast C bank at depth in peatlands is responsive to prolonged warming.
Corrosion interactions between stainless steel and lead vanado-iodoapatite nuclear waste form part I
Authors: Guo Xiaolei , Wang Yachun , Yao Tiankai , Mohanty Chandi , Lian Jie , Frankel Gerald S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study explores the corrosion interactions between a metallic canister material, stainless steel (SS) 316, and an I-bearing ceramic waste form, lead vanado-iodoapatite (I-APT, Pb9.85(VO4)6I1.7), in a chloride solution. Crevice corrosion of the SS in close proximity to the I-APT resulted in the development of an aggressive environment at the interface of the two materials, which was acidic and enriched in Cl−anions. I-APT also corroded in the crevice region, primarily through ion-exchange between the I−ions from the I-APT matrix and anions from the environment. The enrichment of Cl−anions within the occluded crevice space as the result of SS crevice corrosion enhanced the corrosion of I-APT. The release of iodine from this apatite waste form could be accelerated owing to this mechanism. This is evidenced by a depletion of iodine from the I-APT matrix and a large amount of Cl-bearing precipitates on the surfaces of both SS and I-APT. On the other hand, the corrosion of I-APT leads to the precipitation of a V- and Pb-rich layer, which inhibits the localized corrosion of SS to an extent. This study advances the understanding of the near-field corrosion interactions between metallic canisters and ceramic waste forms.
Effect of water soluble humic acid applied to potato foliage on plant growth, photosynthesis characteristics and fresh tuber yield under different water deficits
Authors: Man-hong Yang , Lei Zhang , Sheng-tao Xu , McLaughlin Neil B. , Jing-hui Liu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWater scarcity is the main limiting factor in agricultural crop production in arid and semi-arid areas in northern China. Humic acid could improve the plant resistance to mitigate the abiotic drought damages, which is a potential strategy to improve the crop production in these regions. An experiment to investigate the effect of water soluble humic acid on plant growth, photosynthesis characteristics and fresh tuber yield of potato under different water deficits was carried out under greenhouse conditions in 2014 and 2015. Treatments included foliar application of fresh water (FW), humic acid diluted with water 500 times (HA) and control (CK), and the water deficits included 45%, 60% and 75% of the field water holding capacity. The HA treatment showed highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) effect on dry biomass, root/shoot ratio and photosynthesis parameters, improved the dry biomass above ground (DM-AG) by 14.12–36.63%, 11.62–36.26% and 7.85–20.85% over the whole growing season at water deficits of 45%, 60% and 75% of the field water holding capacity respectively in 2014 and 2015; decreased the root/shoot (R/S) ratio in the early growing season and increased the R/S ratio in the later growing season; showed an improved effect on leaf soil plant analysis development (SPAD), photosynthesis rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) and decreased transpiration rate (Tr) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) compared with the control. HA usually showed a better effect on photosynthesis parameters in 60% of the field water holding capacity than 45% and 75% except on Pn. Compared with control, HA increased fresh tuber yield by 34.47–63.48%, 35.95–37.28% and 23.37–27.15% at 45%, 60% and 75% of the field water holding capacity respectively. HA enhanced the potato plant growth, and improved photosynthesis parameters and fresh tuber yield under different water deficits under green house conditions, and represents an opportunity to improve crop production and sustainability of agriculture in arid and semiarid regions.
Biopolymer-coated gold nanoparticles inhibit human insulin amyloid fibrillation
Authors: Meesaragandla Brahmaiah , Karanth Sanjai , Janke Una , Delcea Mihaela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDeposits of protein misfolding and/or aggregates are a pathological hallmark of amyloid-related diseases. For instance, insulin amyloid fibril deposits have been observed in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus after insulin administration. Here, we report on the use of AuNPs functionalized with linear- (i.e. dextrin and chitosan) and branched- (i.e. dextran-40 and dextran-10) biopolymers as potential agents to inhibit insulin fibril formation. Our dynamic light scattering analyses showed a size decrease of the amyloid fibrils in the presence of functionalized AuNPs. Circular dichroism spectroscopy as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data demonstrated that the secondary structural transition from α-helix to β-sheet (which is characteristic for insulin amyloid fibril formation) was significantly suppressed by all biopolymer-coated AuNPs, and in particular, by those functionalized with linear biopolymers. Both transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses showed that the long thick amyloid fibrils formed by insulin alone become shorter, thinner or cluster when incubated with biopolymer-coated AuNPs. Dextrin- and chitosan-coated AuNPs were found to be the best inhibitors of the fibril formation. Based on these results, we propose a mechanism for the inhibition of insulin amyloid fibrils: biopolymer-coated AuNPsstrongly interact with the insulin monomers and inhibit the oligomer formation as well as elongation of the protofibrils.Moreover, cytotoxicity experiments showed that AuNP-insulin amyloid fibrils are less toxic compared to insulin amyloid fibrils alone. Our results suggest that both dextrin- and chitosan-AuNPs could be used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of amyloid-related disorders.
Theoretical analysis and experiment of pressure distribution and pressure gradient of shield screw conveyor: Taking sandy soil as an example
Authors: Li Xingchun , Yang Yi , Jin Dalong , Li Xinggao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe pressure distribution and pressure gradient characteristics of shield screw conveyor directly affect its normal function. Taking the conditioned soil microelements in the spiral tube as the research object, the pressure field distribution and pressure gradient theoretical calculation model of the shield screw machine were established based on the stress analysis and the mechanical equilibrium conditions at steady state and the influence parameters were analyzed. The correctness and validity of the proposed calculation model are verified by the experimental results of the indoor model machine. Under the condition that the conditioned soil is the plastic fluid paste, the conclusion that the pressure field and pressure gradient of the shield screw machine decrease linearly along the direction of the screw axis is also obtained.
Noise-resolution uncertainty principle in classical and quantum systems
Authors: Gureyev Timur E. , Kozlov Alexander , Paganin David M. , Nesterets Yakov I. , Quiney Harry M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe show that the width of an arbitrary function and the width of the distribution of its values cannot be made arbitrarily small simultaneously. In the case of ergodic stochastic processes, an ensuing uncertainty relationship is then demonstrated for the product of correlation length and variance. A closely related uncertainty principle is also established for the average degree of fourth-order coherence and the spatial width of modes of bosonic quantum fields. However, it is shown that, in the case of stochastic and quantum observables, certain non-classical states with sub-Poissonian statistics, such as for example photon number squeezed states in quantum optics, can overcome the “classical” noise-resolution uncertainty limit. This uncertainty relationship, which is fundamentally different from the Heisenberg and related uncertainty principles, can define an upper limit for the information capacity of communication and imaging systems. It is expected to be useful in a variety of problems in classical and quantum optics and imaging.
Mitochondrial DNA alterations may influence the cisplatin responsiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Aminuddin Amnani , Ng Pei Yuen , Leong Chee-Onn , Chua Eng Wee 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCisplatin is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the intrinsic or acquired resistance against cisplatin remains a major obstacle to treatment efficacy in OSCC. Recently, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations have been reported in a variety of cancers. However, the role of mtDNA alterations in OSCC has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between mtDNA alterations (mtDNA content, point mutations, large-scale deletions, and methylation status) and cisplatin sensitivity using two OSCC cell lines, namely SAS and H103, and stem cell-like tumour spheres derived from SAS. By microarray analysis, we found that the tumour spheres profited from aberrant lipid and glucose metabolism and became resistant to cisplatin. By qPCR analysis, we found that the cells with less mtDNA were less responsive to cisplatin (H103 and the tumour spheres). Based on the findings, we theorised that the metabolic changes in the tumour spheres probably resulted in mtDNA depletion, as the cells suppressed mitochondrial respiration and switched to an alternative mode of energy production,i.e. glycolysis. Then, to ascertain the origin of the variation in mtDNA content, we used MinION, a nanopore sequencer, to sequence the mitochondrial genomes of H103, SAS, and the tumour spheres. We found that the lower cisplatin sensitivity of H103 could have been caused by a constellation of genetic and epigenetic changes in its mitochondrial genome. Future work may look into how changes in mtDNA translate into an impact on cell function and therefore cisplatin response.
High Circular Polarized Nanolaser with Chiral Gammadion Metal Cavity
Authors: Yu Cheng-Li , Hsiao Yu-Hao , Chang Chiao-Yun , Cheng Pi-Ju , Lin Hsiang-Ting , Lai Ming-Sheng , Kuo Hao-Chung , Chang Shu-Wei , Shih Min-Hsiung 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate a circularly polarized laser with the metal-gallium-nitride gammadion nanocavities. The ultraviolet lasing signal was observed with the high circular dichroism at room temperature under pulsed optical pump conditions. Without external magnetism which breaks the time-reversal symmetry to favor optical transitions of a chosen handedness, the coherent outputs of these chiral nanolasers show a dissymmetry factor as high as 1.1. The small footprint of these lasers are advantageous for applications related to circularly polarized photons in future integrated systems, in contrast to the bulky setup of linearly-polarized lasers and quarter-wave plates.
An improved test of the strong equivalence principle with the pulsar in a triple star system
Authors: Voisin G. , Cognard I. , Freire P. C. C. , Wex N. , Guillemot L. , Desvignes G. , Kramer M. , Theureau G. 
Published: May 2020

Context.The gravitational strong equivalence principle (SEP) is a cornerstone of the general theory of relativity (GR). Hence, testing the validity of SEP is of great importance when confronting GR, or its alternatives, with experimental data. Pulsars that are orbited by white dwarf companions provide an excellent laboratory, where the extreme difference in binding energy between neutron stars and white dwarfs allows for precision tests of the SEP via the technique of radio pulsar timing.Aims.To date, the best limit on the validity of SEP under strong-field conditions was obtained with a unique pulsar in a triple stellar system, PSR J0337+1715. We report here on an improvement of this test using an independent data set acquired over a period of 6 years with the Nançay radio telescope. The improvements arise from a uniformly sampled data set, a theoretical analysis, and a treatment that fixes some short-comings in the previously published results, leading to better precision and reliability of the test.Methods.In contrast to the previously published test, we use a different long-term timing data set, developed a new timing model and an independent numerical integration of the motion of the system, and determined the masses and orbital parameters with a different methodology that treats the parameter Δ, describing a possible strong-field SEP violation, identically to all other parameters.Results.We obtain a violation parameter Δ = ( + 0.5 ± 1.8) × 10−6at 95% confidence level, which is compatible with and improves upon the previous study by 30%. This result is statistics-limited and avoids limitation by systematics as previously encountered. We find evidence for red noise in the pulsar spin frequency, which is responsible for up to 10% of the reported uncertainty. We use the improved limit on SEP violation to place constraints on a class of well-studied scalar-tensor theories, in particular we findωBD >  140 000 for the Brans-Dicke parameter. The conservative limits presented here fully take into account current uncertainties in the equation for state of neutron-star matter.
Akut-auf-chronisches Leberversagen (ACLF)
Authors: Busch Markus , Maasoumy Benjamin , Simon Susanne , Stahl Klaus 
Published: May 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGKomplikationen einer Leberzirrhose haben eine schlechte Prognose. Doch während das Risiko, an einer hepatischen Enzephalopathie oder einer Ösophagusvarizenblutung zu sterben, kontinuierlich abgenommen hat, ist das Risiko, an einer Sepsis zu sterben, immer größer geworden. Aus verschiedenen Gründen ist es sinnvoll, das Akut-auf-chronische Leberversagen mit seinem charakteristischen Hyperinflammationssyndrom als eigene klinische Entität abseits der traditionellen dekompensierten Zirrhose zu definieren. Der folgende Artikel führt in das Krankheitsbild ein und stellt die Auslöser, die systemischen Folgen und die komplexe Therapie praxisorientiert dar.