bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional analysis of RPS27 mutations and expression in melanoma
Authors: Floristán Alfredo , Morales Leah , Hanniford Douglas , Martinez Carlos , Castellano‐Sanz Elena , Dolgalev Igor , Ulloa‐Morales Alejandro , Vega‐Saenz de Miera Eleazar , Moran Una , Darvishian Farbod , Osman Iman , Kirchhoff Tomas , Hernando Eva 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing has enabled genetic and genomic characterization of melanoma to an unprecedent depth. However, the high mutational background plus the limited depth of coverage of whole‐genome sequencing performed on cutaneous melanoma samples make the identification of novel driver mutations difficult. We sought to explore the somatic mutation portfolio in exonic and gene regulatory regions in human melanoma samples, for which we performed targeted sequencing of tumors and matched germline DNA samples from 89 melanoma patients, identifying known and novel recurrent mutations. Two recurrent mutations found in the RPS27 promoter associated with decreased RPS27 mRNA levels in vitro. Data mining and IHC analyses revealed a bimodal pattern of RPS27 expression in melanoma, with RPS27‐low patients displaying worse prognosis. In vitro characterization of RPS27‐high and RPS27‐low melanoma cell lines, as well as loss‐of‐function experiments, demonstrated that high RPS27 status provides increased proliferative and invasive capacities, while low RPS27 confers survival advantage in low attachment and resistance to therapy. Additionally, we demonstrate that 10 other cancer types harbor bimodal RPS27 expression, and in those, similarly to melanoma, RPS27‐low expression associates with worse clinical outcomes. RPS27 promoter mutation could thus represent a mechanism of gene expression modulation in melanoma patients, which may have prognostic and predictive implications.
Hypoxia‐inducible factor and bacterial infections in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Shukla Shakti D. , Walters E. Haydn , Simpson Jodie L. , Keely Simon , Wark Peter A.B. , O'Toole Ronan F. , Hansbro Philip M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTCOPD is a seriously disabling respiratory condition that inexorably progresses to disability and mortality. It affects approximately 10% of the population globally with a greater prevalence at advanced ages. Airway bacterial infections complicate the disease course in most COPD patients, leading to increased symptoms, more rapid decline in lung function, acute exacerbations and reduced quality of life. With increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics and adverse effects of conventional treatments, new effective non‐antibiotic antimicrobial therapies are urgently needed to manage COPD. Hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α is an important transcriptional regulator of cellular responses to hypoxia, oxidants and inflammation, and is overexpressed in the lungs of COPD patients. Recent evidence shows that increased HIF‐1α expression can upregulate the platelet‐activating factor receptor (PAFR) on the airway epithelial surface that is increased in smokers and particularly COPD patients. The receptor is utilized by PAFR‐dependent bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) to induce infection in both the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. However, the importance and mechanism of HIF‐1α in augmenting PAFR‐dependent bacterial infections in COPD are poorly understood. Here, we review the evidence for the roles of local tissue hypoxia‐induced inflammation, HIF‐1α and PAFR in facilitating bacterial infections in COPD. Blocking PAFR may provide a novel antimicrobial approach to manage bacterial infections in COPD.
A Thermal Design and Experimental Investigation for the Fast Charging Process of a Lithium-Ion Battery Module With Liquid Cooling
Authors: Chen Siqi , Bao Nengsheng , Peng Xiongbin , Garg Akhil , Chen Zhanglin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The appropriate temperature distribution is indispensable to lithium-ion battery module, especially during the fast charging of the sudden braking process. Thermal properties of each battery cell are obtained from numerical heat generation model and experimental data, and the deviation of thermophysical performance is analyzed by K-means clustering and hierarchical clustering to select battery cells with similar performance. Thermal performance of lithium-ion cells under different charging rates is investigated in experiments and the effects of different mini-channel designs discussed using numerical simulation, maximum temperature, maximum pressure, and temperature standard deviation are compared by both numerical calculation and experimental validation. Two kinds of cooling plates are selected, considering the uniformity of temperature distribution and energy consumption, respectively. All of these cooling plate designs have the ability to constrain the maximum temperature and temperature standard deviation within 306 K and 1.2 K, respectively. Additionally, this thermal management system does not need too much energy consumption. In experimental validation, deviation of maximum temperature is measured to be within 2.2 K and difference of temperature standard deviation is also within tolerance.
Battery Thermal Management Using Phase Change Material-Metal Foam Composite Materials at Various Environmental Temperatures
Authors: Barnes Derek , Li Xianglin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This investigation into phase change material (PCM)-based passive thermal management systems was conducted via an experimental approach using 19.5 A h lithium iron phosphate cells with dimensions of (7.25 × 160 × 227) mm3. Trials were conducted at currents from 1 to 5C and environmental temperatures from 4 to 35 °C to simulate applications at which a Li-ion battery would be expected to perform. Based on comparisons, including an air-only control, the system consisting of PCM combined with five pores per inch (PPI) aluminum foam is the most effective at regulating average battery temperature and temperature gradient. During a 3C discharge trial at room temperature, the PCM-Al foam (5 PPI) system kept the average battery temperature and the maximum temperature difference below 28.1 and 5.2 °C, respectively, compared to the air-only control system which reached values of 48.0 and 17.2 °C, respectively. When analyzing data from trials at 4 and 35 °C, similar results are found with the PCM-Al foam systems being effective at thermal management. Thus, when compared to other systems, preliminary results show great promise in the future for the use of an PCM-Al foam passive thermal management system to effectively regulate the temperature of Li-ion batteries during use.
Novel Specimen Design for Measurement of In-Plane Fracture Toughness of Metals
Authors: Traidia Abderrazak , Chatzidouros Elias , Jouiad Mustapha , Shibly Kaamil-Ur-Rahman 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStandard-compliant measurement of the in-plane fracture toughness of metals is often challenging due to insufficient material in the through-thickness direction to extract a full single edge bending (SEB) or compact tension (CT) fracture specimen. In the present work, we propose a new specimen design methodology to overcome this challenge. A W-shaped SEB specimen (called W-SEB) was developed, and its topology was optimized using finite element simulations. The new specimen design was validated numerically and experimentally on a case study showing excellent agreement with standard ASTM E1820 actual SEB specimen geometry. In view assessing the anisotropy of the fracture toughness (KQ and crack tip opening displacement (CTOD)) of pipeline steels susceptible to hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), the W-SEB specimen was tested on X65 and X42 pipeline steel samples taken from the field. Experimental results show an increase in the maximum CTOD along the in-plane direction as compared to the transverse direction for both steel grades. Such experimental results could lead to important considerations with respect to accurate fitness for service assessment of HIC-damaged assets.
A Gaussian Process Model-Guided Surface Polishing Process in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Jin Shilan , Iquebal Ashif , Bukkapatnam Satish , Gaynor Andrew , Ding Yu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolishing of additively manufactured products is a multi-stage process, and a different combination of polishing pad and process parameters is employed at each stage. Pad change decisions and endpoint determination currently rely on practitioners’ experience and subjective visual inspection of surface quality. An automated and objective decision process is more desired for delivering consistency and reducing variability. Toward that objective, a model-guided decision-making scheme is developed in this article for the polishing process of a titanium alloy workpiece. The model used is a series of Gaussian process models, each established for a polishing stage at which surface data are gathered. The series of Gaussian process models appear capable of capturing surface changes and variation over the polishing process, resulting in a decision protocol informed by the correlation characteristics over the sample surface. It is found that low correlations reveal the existence of extreme roughness that may be deemed surface defects. Making judicious use of the change pattern in surface correlation provides insights enabling timely actions. Physical polishing of titanium alloy samples and a simulation of this process are used together to demonstrate the merit of the proposed method.
Effects of Wakes on Blade Endwall Heat Transfer in High Turbulence Intensity
Authors: Park Sehjin , Sohn Ho-Seong , Cho Hyung Hee , Moon Hee Koo , Han Yang Seok , Ueda Osamu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Detailed heat transfer measurements are necessary to protect the blades under harsh and complex flow conditions. Therefore, this study investigated the heat transfer characteristics on the blade endwall under flow conditions that simulate high turbulence intensity of the main flow and the generation of wakes by the trailing edge of the vane. The endwall heat transfer was measured using the naphthalene sublimation method. A turbulence generating grid was installed in a linear cascade to simulate the main flow with high turbulence intensity and a wake generator with a rod bundle was used to simulate the wakes generated by the trailing edge of the vane. In the case of high turbulence intensity without wakes, the main flow with high turbulence intensity (turbulence intensity, T.I = 7.5%) had little impact on the effect of the horseshoe vortex and passage vortex on the heat transfer characteristics. However, increasing turbulence caused the endwall heat transfer to decrease near the pressure side of the blade and increase near the suction side of the blade. On the other hand, the wakes resulted in heat transfer characteristics similar to high turbulence intensity but decreased heat transfer by horseshoe vortex and passage vortex. The endwall heat transfer distributions were similar regardless of the turbulence intensity (T.I = 1.2% and 7.5%) in the cases with wakes (rod passing Strouhal number, S = 0.3). The flow condition of S = 0.3 has a more significant influence on the endwall heat transfer than that of T.I = 7.5%.
Contextual and socioeconomic variation in early motor and language development
Authors: Fink Günther , McCoy Dana Charles , Yousafzai Aisha 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo compare early motor and language development of children <3 years of age growing up in high-income and low-income contexts.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingWe analysed differences in motor and language skills across study sites in Cambodia, Chile, Ghana, Guatemala, Lebanon, Pakistan, the Philippines and the USA.Main outcome measureCognitive and language development assessed with the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments (CREDI) tool.Results4649 children aged 0–35 months (mean age=18 months) were analysed. On average, children in sites with a low Human Development Index (HDI) had 0.54 SD (95% CI –0.63 to –0.44) lower CREDI motor scores and 0.73 SD (95% CI –0.82 to –0.64) lower language scores than children growing up in high HDI sites. On average, each unit increase in national log income per capita was associated with a 0.77-month (95% CI –0.93 to 0.60) reduction in the age of motor milestone attainment and a reduction in the age of language milestone attainment of 0.55 months (95% CI –0.79 to –0.30). These observed developmental differences were not universal: no developmental differences across sites with highly heterogeneous socioeconomic contexts were found among children growing up in households with highly educated caregivers providing stimulating early environments.ConclusionDevelopmental gaps in settings with low HDI are substantial on average, but appear to be largely attributable to differences in family-level socioeconomic status and caregiving practices. Programmes targeting the most vulnerable subpopulations will be essential to reduce early life disparities and improve long-run outcomes.
Which specific modes of exercise training are most effective for treating low back pain? Network meta-analysis
Authors: Owen Patrick J , Miller Clint T , Mundell Niamh L , Verswijveren Simone J J M , Tagliaferri Scott D , Brisby Helena , Bowe Steven J , Belavy Daniel L 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveExamine the effectiveness of specific modes of exercise training in non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP).DesignNetwork meta-analysis (NMA).Data sourcesMEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, CENTRAL.Eligibility criteriaExercise training randomised controlled/clinical trials in adults with NSCLBP.ResultsAmong 9543 records, 89 studies (patients=5578) were eligible for qualitative synthesis and 70 (pain), 63 (physical function), 16 (mental health) and 4 (trunk muscle strength) for NMA. The NMA consistency model revealed that the following exercise training modalities had the highest probability (surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA)) of being best when compared with true control: Pilates for pain (SUCRA=100%; pooled standardised mean difference (95% CI): −1.86 (–2.54 to –1.19)), resistance (SUCRA=80%; −1.14 (–1.71 to –0.56)) and stabilisation/motor control (SUCRA=80%; −1.13 (–1.53 to –0.74)) for physical function and resistance (SUCRA=80%; −1.26 (–2.10 to –0.41)) and aerobic (SUCRA=80%; −1.18 (–2.20 to –0.15)) for mental health. True control was most likely (SUCRA≤10%) to be the worst treatment for all outcomes, followed by therapist hands-off control for pain (SUCRA=10%; 0.09 (–0.71 to 0.89)) and physical function (SUCRA=20%; −0.31 (–0.94 to 0.32)) and therapist hands-on control for mental health (SUCRA=20%; −0.31 (–1.31 to 0.70)). Stretching and McKenzie exercise effect sizes did not differ to true control for pain or function (p>0.095; SUCRA<40%). NMA was not possible for trunk muscle endurance or analgesic medication. The quality of the synthesised evidence was low according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria.Summary/conclusionThere is low quality evidence that Pilates, stabilisation/motor control, resistance training and aerobic exercise training are the most effective treatments, pending outcome of interest, for adults with NSCLBP. Exercise training may also be more effective than therapist hands-on treatment. Heterogeneity among studies and the fact that there are few studies with low risk of bias are both limitations.
Secular trends in weight, height and weight for height among children under 7 years in nine cities of China, 1975–2015: results from five repeated cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Zhang Ya Qin , Li Hui , Wu Hua Hong , Zong Xin Nan 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo analyse the secular trends in mean value and distribution of weight, height and weight for height in children under 7 years in developed regions in China.DesignFive repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted using the same methods at the same sites during 1975–2015.SettingNine cities in northern, central and southern regions of China.PopulationHealthy children under 7 years; the sample sizes were 94 496 in 1975, 79 177 in 1985, 79 152 in 1995, 69 760 in 2005 and 83 583 in 2015.Main outcome measuresWeight and height were measured by the same methods in the five surveys.ResultsThe increasing trends in the mean value of weight, height and weight for height were observed and their distribution was found to have shifted upwards. There were unbalanced increments in various centiles and the relative increments in the 3rd centile of height for children under 7 years were larger than those in the 50th and 97th centiles. Although the relative increments in the 3rd centile of weight for children under 2 years were larger than those in the 50th and 97th centiles, the increments in the 97th centile for children older than 2 years became the largest compared with other centiles. The changes in each centile of weight for height were similar with those of weight. The annual increments of height and weight increased over time and were more significant between birth and 2 years of age for height and between ages 4 years and 6 years for weight. The per-decade increments in 1975–1985, 1985–1995 and 1995–2005 became larger, while those in 2005–2015 slowed down.ConclusionsThe rapid increasing trends of weight, height and weight for height had slowed down since 2005 in developed regions of China. The relative increments in the low centile of height were more significant, while the high centile of weight and weight for height increased more significantly in older children.
Future health providers’ willingness to provide abortion services following decriminalisation of abortion in Chile: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Biggs M Antonia , Casas Lidia , Ramm Alejandra , Baba C Finley , Correa Sara Victoria , Grossman Daniel 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo assess Chilean medical and midwifery students’ attitudes and willingness to become trained to provide abortion care, shortly after abortion was decriminalised in 2017.DesignWe fielded a cross-sectional, web-based survey of medical and midwifery students. We used generalised estimating equations to assess differences by type of university and degree sought.SettingWe recruited students from a combination of seven secular, religiously-affiliated, public and private universities that offer midwifery or medical degrees with a specialisation in obstetrics and gynaecology, located in Santiago, Chile.ParticipantsStudents seeking medical or midwifery degrees at one of seven universities were eligible to participate. We distributed the survey link to medical and midwifery students at these seven universities; 459 eligible students opened the survey link and 377 students completed the survey.Primary and secondary outcomesIntentions to become trained to provide abortion services was our primary outcome of interest. Secondary outcomes included moral views and concerns about abortion provision.ResultsMost students intend to become trained to provide abortion services (69%), 20% reported that they will not provide an abortion under any circumstance, half (50%) had one or more concern about abortion provision and 16% agreed/strongly agreed that providing abortions is morally wrong. Most believed that their university should train medical and midwifery students to provide abortion services (70%–79%). Secular university students reported higher intentions to provide abortion services (beta 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.63), more favourable views (beta 0.52, CI: 0.32 to 0.72) and were less likley to report concerns about abortion provision (adjusted OR 0.47, CI: 0.23 to 0.95) than students from religious universities.ConclusionMedical and midwifery students are interested in becoming trained to provide abortion services and believe their university should provide this training. Integrating high-quality training in abortion care into medical and midwifery programmes will be critical to ensuring that women receive timely, non-judgemental and quality abortion care.
Early PARacetamol (EPAR) trial: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of early paracetamol to promote closure of the ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Authors: Schindler Tim , Smyth John , Bolisetty Srinivas , Michalowski Joanna , Lui Kei 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionThe optimal management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) remains contentious. The medications used to treat PDA are often non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are associated with a number of unwanted adverse effects. Paracetamol is a medication with an excellent safety profile in infants and has been suggested as a safe alternative medication in situations where other medications have failed or are contraindicated. There are limited data on the use of early, intravenous paracetamol in preterm infants.Methods and analysisThis trial aims to address whether early treatment with paracetamol will reduce the number of infants requiring intervention for PDA. This is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in preterm infants <29 weeks’ gestation. At 6 hours of life, infants with a ductus arteriosus >0.9 mm will be randomised to receive either (1) intravenous paracetamol at a dose of 15 mg/kg initially, followed by every 6 hours at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg for 5 days; or (2) intravenous 5% dextrose every 6 hours for 5 days. The primary outcome is the need for any intervention for management of PDA up to 5 days. Secondary outcomes include closure of the ductus arteriosus at 5 days, size of the ductus arteriosus, ductal reopening, systemic blood flow, mortality and significant morbidities. The target sample size of 100 infants yields >80% power, at the two-sided 5% level significance, to detect a 50% reduction in the need for intervention assuming that approximately 60% of infants in this study would otherwise have required intervention for PDA.Ethics and disseminationA report on the results of the planned analyses will be prepared. The results of the primary analysis of all end points will be presented at medical conferences and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Separate manuscripts pertaining to the second aim of the study may be written, and these will also be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12616001517460.