bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Type of Noise Influences Quality Ratings for Noisy Speech in Hearing Aid Users
Authors: Lundberg Emily M. H. , Chon Song Hui , Kates James M. , Anderson Melinda C. , Arehart Kathryn H. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The overall goal of the current study was to determine whether noise type plays a role in perceptual quality ratings. We compared quality ratings using various noise types and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ranges using hearing aid simulations to consider the effects of hearing aid processing features.

Method
Ten older adults with bilateral mild to moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss rated the sound quality of sentences processed through a hearing aid simulation and presented in the presence of five different noise types (six-talker babble, three-talker conversation, street traffic, kitchen, and fast-food restaurant) at four SNRs (3, 8, 12, and 20 dB).

Results
Everyday noise types differentially affected sound quality ratings even when presented at the same SNR: Kitchen and three-talker noises were rated significantly higher than restaurant, traffic, and multitalker babble, which were not different from each other. The effects of noise type were most pronounced at poorer SNRs.

Conclusions
The findings of this study showed that noise types differentially affected sound quality ratings. The differences we observed were consistent with the acoustic characteristics of the noise types. Noise types having lower envelope fluctuations yielded lower quality ratings than noise types characterized by sporadic high-intensity events at the same SNR.
Lexical–Semantic Cues Induce Sound Pattern Stability in Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Benham Sara , Goffman Lisa 
Published: November 2020

PurposeWhen learning novel word forms, preschoolers with developmental language disorder (DLD; also known asspecific language impairment) produce speech targets inaccurately and with a high degree of intraword variability. The aim of the current study is to specify whether and how layering lexical–semantic information onto novel phonological strings would induce increased organization of sound production patterns.MethodTwenty-one preschoolers with DLD and 21 peers with typical language (ranging in age from 4;1 to 5;11 [years;months]) imitated multiple renditions of novel words, half with (i.e., words) and half without (i.e., nonwords) a linked visual referent. Methods from network science were used to assess the stability and patterning of syllable sequences. Sound accuracy was also measured.ResultsChildren with DLD were less accurate and more variable than their typical peers. However, once word forms were associated with a visual referent, network stability, but not accuracy, improved for children with DLD.ConclusionsChildren with DLD showed significant word form deficits as they acquired novel words and nonwords. The inclusion of a meaningful referent resulted in increased sound sequence stability, suggesting that lexical–semantic information provides a bootstrap for phonological organization in children with DLD.
Neue Wege der interdisziplinären Kooperation: ASV bei urologischen Tumoren
Authors: Roigas Jan , Hölzer Wolfgang , Zillmann Roger 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungMit der Einführung der ambulanten spezialfachärztlichen Versorgung, kurz ASV, für urologische Tumoren im April 2018 wurde diese neue Versorgungsform auch für die Diagnostik und Therapie von Patienten mit urologischen Tumoren etabliert. Ziel von ASV ist es, die „Lücke“ zwischen ambulanter und stationärer Versorgung zu schließen, interdisziplinär und sektorenübergreifend! Dies gilt insbesondere für komplexe und fortgeschrittene urologische Tumoren, bei denen moderne diagnostische Verfahren und innovative Therapieansätze zur praktischen Umsetzung gelangen sollen.Die Bedeutung urologischer Karzinomerkrankungen in der Onkologie ist hoch, etwa 20 % aller erstdiagnostizierten Karzinomerkrankungen in Deutschland sind urologisch. Dazu kommt, dass die Therapie dieser Erkrankungen in fortgeschrittenen Stadien in den letzten Jahren hochinnovative Veränderungen erfahren hat und häufig im ambulanten Sektor durchgeführt wird.Aber wird ASV von den uro-onkologisch tätigen Kolleginnen und Kollegen akzeptiert? Bringt ASV wirklich Verbesserungen in der medizinischen Versorgung von Patienten? Wirkt ASV als konkurrierende Versorgungsform gegenüber interdisziplinären Tumorzentren und der Onkologievereinbarung? Die Nuklearmedizin ist ein spezifischer und wichtiger Bestandteil bei der Diagnostik und Therapie urologischer Tumoren. Welche Rolle kann die Nuklearmedizin unter ASV-Bedingungen spielen? Der aktuelle Status von ASV bei urologischen Tumoren, die Probleme wie auch die Chancen werden in diesem Beitrag unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Nuklearmedizin analysiert.
Endokrine Nebenwirkungen onkologischer Immuntherapien
Authors: Kroiß Matthias , Schilling Bastian , Deutschbein Timo 
Published: November 2020

Was ist neu?
Inzidenzen endokriner Nebenwirkungen von Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren Je nach Klasse der Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren (ICI) unterscheidet sich die Häufigkeit endokriner Nebenwirkungen. Eine Inhibition des PD-1 (programmed cell death receptor 1) oder seines Liganden PD-L1 führt häufig zu einer Thyreoiditis, eine Immunkombinationstherapie mit CTLA-4-Antagonisten (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4) besonders häufig zur Hypophysitis.
Hypophysitis Eine Hypophysitis ist eine potenziell lebensbedrohliche Komplikation, maßgeblich aufgrund der dadurch bedingten sekundären Nebenniereninsuffizienz. Sie geht oft mit passageren Kopfschmerzen einher, darüber hinaus bestehen häufig unspezifische Symptome wie Abgeschlagenheit und Schwindel. Die Bildgebung der Sella verläuft mitunter unspezifisch. Laborchemisch imponiert meist eine Hyponatriämie. Der Verdacht erfordert die umgehende Substitution von Glukokortikoiden, die bei drohender oder manifester Nebennierenkrise intravenös erfolgen muss. Weitere beeinträchtigte Hypophysenachsen werden im Verlauf (üblicherweise dauerhaft) substituiert.
Schilddrüsenfunktionsstörungen Ursache ist häufig die immunvermittelte Destruktion des Schilddrüsenparenchyms, die in der Regel zu einer transienten Hyperthyreose gefolgt von einer Hypothyreose führt. In der hyperthyreoten Phase ist oft keine spezifische Therapie erforderlich, die Hypothyreose muss – in der Regel fortwährend – substituiert werden. Seltene und potenziell lebensbedrohliche weitere immunvermittelte Nebenwirkungen endokriner Organe sind primäre Nebenniereninsuffizienz, Diabetes mellitus Typ I und Hypoparathyreoidismus.
Auswirkung auf die Prognose der Tumorerkrankung Auch nach endokrinen immunvermittelten Nebenwirkungen (irAE) und Substitutionstherapie sollte die Fortsetzung der ICI-Therapie erwogen werden. Entscheidende Schritte zur Früherkennung endokriner Nebenwirkungen von ICI sind die Aufklärung des Patienten, regelmäßige Laborkontrollen (Hormone, Elektrolyte) vor bzw. während einer Immuntherapie und das „Drandenken“, selbst wenn eine Immuntherapie bereits längere Zeit zurückliegt.
Schmerzmanagement bei älteren Pflegebedürftigen in der ambulanten Versorgung
Authors: Dräger Dagmar , Budnick Andrea , Kreutz Reinhold 
Published: November 2020

Was ist neu?
Schmerz und Schmerzfolgen Chronische Schmerzen bei älteren Pflegebedürftigen, die in der eigenen Häuslichkeit leben, sind aufgrund ihrer Häufigkeit und Intensität von hoher Relevanz. Schmerzfolgen werden in dieser vulnerablen Gruppe insbesondere in Form von ausgeprägten Beeinträchtigungen der Mobilität und Aktivität deutlich.
Schmerzkommunikation in der ambulanten Versorgung Sowohl die versorgenden Ärztinnen und Ärzte als auch das Pflegepersonal ambulanter Pflegedienste kommunizieren zu selten mit den schmerzbetroffenen Pflegebedürftigen über Schmerzen, ihre Intensität und Dauer sowie über das Schmerzmanagement.
Medikamentöse Schmerztherapie Die in der ambulanten Versorgung schmerzbetroffener Pflegebedürftiger defizitäre Schmerztherapie bedarf einer Überprüfung der Angemessenheit schmerzreduzierender Arzneistoffe, der gleichzeitigen Verordnung von Dauer- und Bedarfsmedikation sowie klarer Angaben zu Dosis und Dosisintervallen auf verbindlichen Medikationsplänen.
Interdisziplinäre Ressourcen Den Herausforderungen einer interdisziplinären Versorgung älterer Pflegebedürftiger im ambulanten Setting wurde bisher zu wenig Beachtung geschenkt, obwohl die Interdisziplinarität im Schmerzmanagement schon lange gefordert wird. Multidisziplinäres Handeln, basierend auf abgestimmten Leitlinien und Standards, stellt den Schlüssel für ein angemessenes Schmerzmanagement dar. Die Schnittstellenkommunikation zwischen den Berufsgruppen ist optimierungsbedürftig.
Ernährung nach Adipositas- bzw. metabolischer Chirurgie
Authors: Selig Lars , Dietrich Arne 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungVor und nach adipositaschirurgischen oder metabolischen Eingriffen ist eine entsprechende ernährungstherapeutische Mitbetreuung obligat. Postoperativ sollte im Sinne der Fast-Track-Chirurgie ein rascher Kostaufbau erfolgen.Adipositas ist als eine chronische Erkrankung zu sehen, und ein Rückfall in alte Ernährungsgewohnheiten oder Essstörungen ist jederzeit möglich. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist eine postoperative Anbindung (Ernährungstherapeut, ggf. Verhaltenstherapeut, wenn erforderlich) wichtig, um den mit der Operation erzielten Gewichtsverlust zu stabilisieren und die Verbesserung und Reduzierung von Komorbiditäten möglichst lange beizubehalten.
Summer habitat selection and impacts of human disturbance on leopard cats (
Prionailurus bengalensis
)
Authors: Wu Jiayi , Wang Jing , Zhu Yinjiu , Bu Xiangli , Xiang Rongwei , Lu Qingbin , Cui Shaopeng , Hao Yinghong , Sheng Yan , Meng Xiuxiang 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
As a consequence of habitat loss and degradation, the leopard cat (
Prionailurus bengalensis
) in China has become endangered and in need of urgent protection.
In situ
conservation of leopard cats must be based on an understanding of their habitat selection patterns. We studied the summer habitat of leopard cats using line-transect surveys in the northern Taihang Mountain region surrounding Beijing, China. We compared used plots with non-used plots in elevation, tree canopy, and 20 other ecological variables, and used Vanderploeg＆Scavia’s resource selection index (VSI) to analyze habitat preferences.

Outcomes/others:
Results show that tree canopy, tree height, tree density, and stump quantity of used plots were significantly lower than non-used plots in summer, and that leopard cats preferred habitats located on northern, flat slopes with lower slope, shrub-dominated, dry soil, and less fallen-wood. Leopard cats had a strong tendency to use habitats near human disturbance areas with moderate levels of disturbance intensity.

Conclusion:
The results suggest that future conservation efforts should emphasize: (1) strengthening the protection and management of forest fringe shrub habitats to improve summer habitat suitability, and (2) environmental education and animal protection campaigns to promote community biodiversity conservation.
A stiffness-tunable MEMS accelerometer
Authors: Guo Yixuan , Ma Zhipeng , Zhang Tengfei , Zheng Xudong , Jin Zhonghe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper reports a novel MEMS accelerometer whose effective stiffness can be adjusted flexibly and even tuned to almost zero by using the electrostatic softening effect of two parallel plate capacitors: the comb-finger capacitor and the triangular capacitor. When applied to a biased voltage, the comb-finger capacitor provides a relatively large and nonlinear negative stiffness in the gap-varying direction, while the triangular capacitor produces a small yet linear negative stiffness in the area-varying direction. The proposed accelerometer is fabricated by using a standard silicon-on-glass manufacturing process and controlled by a customized digital circuit. An analytical model based on the pull-in dynamics as a result of the stiffness tuning is developed and simulated to investigate the dynamic behavior of the nonlinear accelerometer system. The proportion integral differential controller is utilized to improve the performance of the accelerometer while maintaining the stability of the closed-loop system operating with extremely low effective stiffness. The experimental results indicate that a two-fold increase of the sensitivity, a 30% reduction of Allan deviation bias instability, and a 20% reduction of Allan velocity random walk are achieved for the open-loop accelerometer system. A 75% decrease of the standard deviation bias instability and nearly two orders of magnitude improvement of the noise floor at 1 Hz for the closed-loop accelerometer system are realized when the effective stiffness is reduced to almost zero.
A novel adaptive Kalman filter for Euler-angle-based MEMS IMU/magnetometer attitude estimation
Authors: Zhou Qifan , Li Zheng , Yu Guizhen , Li Huazhi , Zhang Na 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel Euler-angle-based adaptive attitude filter for micro-electro-mechanical system inertial measurement unit (IMU)/magnetometer fusion. An intelligent coordinate switch algorithm is proposed to overcome the singularity problem that exists in the Euler-angle-based attitude calculation approach. This method rotates the physical IMU body frame and forms a quasi-computational coordinate to perform the attitude and filter update. In addition, a novel noise estimation theorem based on redundant measurement systems is introduced, proofed and employed to adaptively tune the measurement covariance matrix R in the filter. This algorithm uses gyroscope short-term accuracy to evaluate the attitude performance derived from different sensors and optimally assigns weight in the filter update. Simulated and practical experiments are carried out to test the validation of the proposed adaptive attitude filter. The results achieved demonstrate that this approach can provide a promising orientation solution.
Fast switching characteristics of (111) oriented cerium oxide thin film-based metal-oxide semiconductor UV photodetector
Authors: Monica Devi Ngasepam , Ngangbam Chitralekha , Singh Naorem Khelchand 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work presents the studies of cerium oxide (CeO2) thin films (TFs) with different thicknesses on Si substrates using the electron beam evaporation method for photodetector (PD) application in the UV region. The effect of thickness on the structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of the TF was comprehensively studied. The structure and crystallinity of the samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction and all TFs showed highly preferred orientation along the (111) plane. The crystallinity and structural parameters like crystallite size, lattice constant, microstrain and dislocation density were also calculated, and 200 nm film showed the best results. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the CeO2 TF was smoothly deposited on the substrate. The absorption enhanced with increased thickness and thereby, the bandgap energy decreased to 3.45 eV for 300 nm as compared to 3.65 eV for 100 nm thickness. The electrical performance also proved superior for thicker films with increased photocurrent accompanied by lower dark current. The 200 nm CeO2 TF device showed the fastest switching response with a rise time of 240 ms and a fall time of 152 ms at a bias voltage of −4 V with an on/off ratio of 13.59. Moreover, spectral responses were higher for 200 nm film, thus exhibiting good PD performance. It is believed that this work will be highly useful for use as a sensitive UV PD.
Behaviour prediction of closed-loop HTS coils in non-uniform AC fields
Authors: Zhong Zhuoyan , Wu Wei , Wang Xueliang , Li Xiao-Fen , Sheng Jie , Hong Zhiyong , Jin Zhijian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Field decay rate is the key characteristic of superconducting magnets based on closed-loop coils. However, in Maglev trains or rotating machines, closed-loop magnets work in external AC fields and will exhibit an evidently accelerated field decay resulting from dynamic resistances, which are usually much larger than joint resistance. Nevertheless, there has not been a numerical model capable of systematically studying this behaviour, which is the main topic of this work. The field decay curves of a closed-loop high-temperature-superconducting (HTS) coil in various AC fields are simulated based on H-formulation. A non-uniform external field generated by armature coils is considered. Reasonable consistence is found between experimental and simulation results. In our numerical model, the impact of current relaxation, which is a historical challenge, is analysed and subsequently eliminated with acceptable precision. Our simulation results suggest that most proportion of the field decay rate is from the innermost and outermost turns. Based on this observation, a magnetic shielding pattern is designed to reduce the field decay rate efficiently. This work has provided magnet designers with an effective method to predict the field decay rate of closed-loop HTS coils in external AC fields, and explore various shielding designs.
Fluorescence properties of self assembled colloidal supraparticles from CdSe/CdS/ZnS nanocrystals
Authors: Blondot Victor , Bogicevic Alexandra , Coste Antoine , Arnold Christophe , Buil Stéphanie , Quélin Xavier , Pons Thomas , Lequeux Nicolas , Hermier Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We first report the synthesis of supraparticles with a mean diameter of 130 nm consisting in a compact self-assembly of colloidal CdSe/CdS/ZnS nanocrystals encapsulated in a silica shell. This provides a system with robust optical properties such as a high quantum efficiency, a stable and Poissonian emission at room temperature. Additionally, enhancement of the photoluminescence decay rate through Förster resonance energy transfer is observed.
Quantitative recurrence properties for self-conformal sets
Authors: Baker Simon , Farmer Michael 
Published: November 2020

In this paper we study the quantitative recurrence properties of self-conformal sets

X
X

equipped with the map

T
:
X
→
X

T:X\to X

induced by the left shift. In particular, given a function

φ
:

N

→
(
0
,
∞
)
,

\varphi :\mathbb {N}\to (0,\infty ),

we study the metric properties of the set

R
(
T
,
φ
)
=

{
x
∈
X
:

|

T
n

x
−
x

|

>
φ
(
n
)
for infinitely many
n
∈

N

}

.

\begin{equation*} R(T,\varphi )=\left \{x\in X:|T^nx-x|>\varphi (n)\text { for infinitely many }n\in \mathbb {N}\right \}. \end{equation*}

Our main result shows that for the natural measure supported on

X
X

,

R
(
T
,
φ
)

R(T,\varphi )

has zero measure if a natural volume sum converges, and under the open set condition

R
(
T
,
φ
)

R(T,\varphi )

has full measure if this volume sum diverges.
SARS-CoV-2 hot-spot mutations are significantly enriched within inverted repeats and CpG island loci
Authors: Goswami Pratik , Bartas Martin , Lexa Matej , Bohálová Natália , Volná Adriana , Červeň Jiří , Červeňová Veronika , Pečinka Petr , Špunda Vladimír , Fojta Miroslav , Brázda Václav 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is an intensively investigated virus from the order Nidovirales (Coronaviridae family) that causes COVID-19 disease in humans. Through enormous scientific effort, thousands of viral strains have been sequenced to date, thereby creating a strong background for deep bioinformatics studies of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. In this study, we inspected high-frequency mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and carried out systematic analyses of their overlay with inverted repeat (IR) loci and CpG islands. The main conclusion of our study is that SARS-CoV-2 hot-spot mutations are significantly enriched within both IRs and CpG island loci. This points to their role in genomic instability and may predict further mutational drive of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Moreover, CpG islands are strongly enriched upstream from viral ORFs and thus could play important roles in transcription and the viral life cycle. We hypothesize that hypermethylation of these loci will decrease the transcription of viral ORFs and could therefore limit the progression of the disease.
Mechanical circulatory support in the management of life-threatening arrhythmia
Authors: Della Bella Paolo , Radinovic Andrea , Limite Luca Rosario , Baratto Francesca 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Life-threatening refractory unstable ventricular arrhythmias in presence of advanced heart failure (HF) may determine haemodynamic impairment. Haemodynamic mechanical support (HMS) in this setting has a relevant role to restore end-organ perfusion. Catheter ablation (CA) of ventricular tachycardia (VT) is effective at achieving rhythm stabilization, allowing patient’s weaning from HMS, or bridging to permanent HF treatments. Acute heart decompensation during CA at anaesthesia induction in presence of advanced heart disease, in selected cases requires a preemptive HMS to prevent periprocedure adverse outcomes. Substrate ablation during sinus rhythm (SR) might be an effective strategy of ablation in presence of unstable VTs; however, in a minority of patients, it might have some limitations and might be unfeasible in some settings, including the case of the mechanical induction of several unstable VTs and the absence of ablation targets. In case of the persistent induction of unstable VTs after a previous failure of a substrate-based ablation in SR, a feasible alternative strategy of ablation might be VT activation/entrainment mapping supported by HMS. Multiple devices are available for HMS in the low-output states related to electrical storm and during CA of VT. The choice of the device is not standardized and it is based on the centres’ expertise. The aim of this article is to provide an up-to-date review on HMS for the management of life-threatening arrhythmias, in the context of catheter ablation and discussing our approach to manage critical VT patients.
Psychological impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the university students in Egypt
Authors: Ghazawy Eman R , Ewis Ashraf A , Mahfouz Eman M , Khalil Doaa M , Arafa Ahmed , Mohammed Zeinab , Mohammed El-Nabgha F , Hassan Ebtesam E , Abdel Hamid Sarah , Ewis Somaya A , Mohammed Abd El-Nassir S 
Published: November 2020

Summary
University students are at elevated risk for mental health problems. The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent public health measures taken to combat it burdened the students’ life with additional dramatic psychological impacts. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological impacts that affected the university students in Egypt during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was sent to the Egyptian university students via all means of online communication during the first week of May 2020 by using a non-probability snowball sampling. A survey included a short version Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and socio-demographic data. Overall, 70.5, 53.6 and 47.8% of Egyptian students had depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. Being a female, having a relative or acquaintance infected with COVID-19, having a preexisting chronic disease and lacking of psychological support from families, community and universities increase the risk of depression, anxiety and stress among Egyptian students. Being a medical student is associated with depression while, spending more time to follow news of COVID-19 pandemic is associated with increased anxiety. Egyptian students experience varying levels of psychological disturbance during COVID-19 pandemic. This study suggests that mental health of the university students should be carefully, monitored during the crisis and the universities should provide psychological-oriented services, adapted to these circumstances to mitigate its emotional impact on the students.