bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformaciones de segundo orden en la transmisión de haces y pulsos gaussianos a través de una capa isótropa
Authors: Acosta Eduardo Omar , Álvarez Natalia Clara , Garea Maria Teresa , Perez Liliana , Sorichetti Patricio 
Published: February 2020

Las ondas planas monocromáticas permiten describir adecuadamente muchas de las propiedades de la radiación propagada, reflejada y transmitida a través de medios de distintas propiedades ópticas. Sin embargo, algunas características solo aparecen considerando haces y/o pulsos limitados. En este trabajo determinamos y analizamos algunas características de transmisión de haces (limitados en el espacio) o pulsos (limitados en el tiempo) con distribución gaussiana. Consideraremos que la transmisión se realiza a través de una placa plano-paralela de material isótropo lineal y haciendo una aproximación a segundo orden. En el caso de un haz limitado en el espacio, consideramos que la dirección de onda media es perpendicular a la placa. Si está limitado en el tiempo, consideramos que la incidencia de todas las ondas es normal a la placa. Comparamos los efectos no geométricos para ambos tipos de limitación para los casos en que la placa es absorbente, transparente o con ganancia en condiciones de linealidad.
Modelado y Simulación de una Intersección de Calles en un Contexto Multi-Agente
Authors: Nacht Joaquín , Falco Mariana , Robiolo Gabriela 
Published: February 2020

Las pérdidas de tiempo por congestión y embotellamientos de tráfico son sucesos corrientes en las ciudades por una configuración no óptima de los semáforos. Diversas ciencias y especialidades han intentado comprender el fenómeno e identificar las causas en pos de obtener una solución apropiada. El presente trabajo introduce la extensión de un sistema orientado a agentes cuyo fin es reducir el tiempo de espera de los conductores en una intersección de calles; modelando ahora vehículos (autos y taxis), peatones y un semáforo inteligente que evalúa los pesos de los flujos en dos direcciones (X e Y), giro a la izquierda y derecha. Para lo cual, la validación fue llevada a cabo en seis escenarios posibles, definidos por medio de la variación del flujo de vehículos y peatones, de una frecuencia de giro en 20 y 80 y la aplicación de diferentes factores de ajustes para los semáforos inteligentes. El entorno de simulación se implementó en NetLogo, lo que permitió comparar el impacto del uso del semáforo inteligente versus un semáforo de tiempos fijos. Finalmente, presentaremos las conclusiones y el trabajo futuro.
Gradiente de retardo temporal y reflexiones en superficies corrugadas
Authors: Lizaso Georgina Alejandra , Dassie Nicolás Casais , Fernández Damián Andrés , Petrosino Jorge 
Published: February 2020

Se analizan las reflexiones de ondas acústicas en superficies corrugadas. Para este trabajo se toma como base una propuesta de Yi-Fan Zhu sobre un modelo relativamente sencillo de metasuperficie. Cada ranura de una superficie corrugada puede considerarse análoga a una fuente de un arreglo lineal, mientras que la profundidad de sus hendiduras se relaciona con la fase de cada fuente. La propuesta original de Zhu toma como parámetro de diseño al gradiente de fase del arreglo. En este trabajo se analizan las ventajas del diseño de superficies a partir del gradiente de retardos temporales. Se presenta además la posibilidad de incorporar breves retardos en todo el patrón de reflexiones de modo independiente al proceso general de diseño.
Individual differences of conflict monitoring and feedback processing during reinforcement learning in a mock forensic context
Authors: Leue Anja , Nieden Katharina , Scheuble Vera , Beauducel André 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigated individual differences of conflict monitoring (N2 component), feedback processing (feedback negativity component), and reinforcement learning in a discrimination learning task using a mock (fictitious) forensic scenario to set participants in a semantic task context. We investigated individual differences of anxiety-related, impulsivity-related traits and reasoning ability during trial-and-error learning of mock suspect and nonsuspect faces. Thereby, we asked how the differential investment of cognitive-motivational processes facilitates learning in a mock forensic context. As learning can be studied by means of time-on-task effects (i.e., variations of cognitive processes across task blocks), we investigated the differential investment of cognitive-motivational processes block-wise inN= 100 participants. By performing structural equation modeling, we demonstrate that conflict monitoring decreased across task blocks, whereas the percentage of correct responses increased across task blocks. Individuals with higher reasoning scores and higher impulsivity-related traits relied rather on feedback processing (i.e., external indicators) during reinforcement learning. Individuals with higher anxiety-related traits intensified their conflict monitoring throughout the task to learn successfully. Observation by relevant others intensified conflict monitoring more than nonobservation. Our data highlight that individual differences and social context modulate the intensity of information processing in a discrimination learning task using a mock forensic task scenario. We discuss our data with regard to recent cognitive-motivational approaches and in terms of reinforcement learning.
Efficiency and accuracy of visual search develop at different rates from early childhood through early adulthood
Authors: Gil-Gómez de Liaño Beatriz , Quirós-Godoy María , Pérez-Hernández Elena , Wolfe Jeremy M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMost studies of visual search across the life span have focused on classic feature and conjunction searches in which observers search for a fixed, simple shape target among relatively homogeneous distractors over a block of multiple trials. In the present study, we examine a more realistic task in which participants (4 to 25 years-old) look for images of real objects, presented amongst a heterogeneous array of other objects. The target is unique on every trial, unlike in previous developmental studies of visual search. Our new touchscreen-based “Pirate-Treasure” search also allows the testing of younger children within a video-game-like task. With this method, we tested a large sample (n = 293) of typically developing children and young adults. We assessed the developmental course of different search metrics like search efficiency, motor response differences, and accuracy (misses and false-alarm errors). Results show the most rapid time courses in development for accuracy. Search slopes reach the young adult level most slowly. The intercepts of the Reaction Time (RT) × Set Size function are often attributed to nonsearch perceptual and motor components of the task. The intercept time course is intermediate between accuracy and slope. Interestingly, these developmental functions follow time courses proposed in neuropsychological models of executive function development. This suggests that a single, video-game-like search task could be useful in routine assessments of cognitive development.
Open Cluster IC 1369 and Its Vicinity: Multicolor Photometry and Gaia DR2 Astrometry
Authors: Straižys V. , Boyle R. P. , Raudeliūnas S. , Zdanavičius J. , Janusz R. , Macijauskas M. , Lazauskaitė R. , Černis K. , Zdanavičius K. , Maskoliūnas M. , Čepas V. , Kazlauskas A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The open cluster IC 1369, located in Cygnus close to the galactic equator at the 89.°6 longitude, and its vicinity are investigated by applying two-dimensional photometric classification of stars down to V = 19 mag measured in the Vilnius seven-color photometric system. Employing the Gaia DR2 coordinates, parallaxes, and proper motions, 143 cluster members are found having cluster membership probabilities ≥0.75. The hottest stars of the evolved main sequence are of spectral class B9. Distances to the cluster, determined by two methods based on the Gaia parallaxes, are 3280 and 3370 pc with an uncertainty of 400–500 pc. Employing the physical HR diagram with the coordinates

versus

and the Padova isochrones, the cluster age is found to be between 300 and 350 Myr. Among the cluster members we identified six red giants of spectral classes G5–G8 and luminosities II–III, 17 Am stars, one Ap star, and one B5 blue straggler. The extinction shows a steep rise up to ∼2.0 mag at 300–700 pc, caused by the extensions of the dust cloud LDN 970 and the Great Cygnus Rift, and up to ∼2.5 mag at the edge of the Perseus arm at 3.0 kpc. The extinction is almost constant between 0.9 and 2.5 kpc from the Sun. The average extinction of the cluster members is 2.54 mag. A systematic error of color excesses found in the Argonaut calculator results is discussed.
A Radio Molecular Line Search for Evidence of an O-rich Environment Around Binary in Silicate Carbon Stars
Authors: Zhao Zhang , Chen Xi , Ellingsen Simon P. , Sobolev Andrej M. , Xujia Ouyang  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report observations of oxygen-rich (O-rich) radio molecular line tracers, including H2CO, H2O, and HCO+ toward 28 silicate carbon stars (SCSs). SCSs are special evolved star systems that consist of a carbon star associated with peculiar O-rich circumstellar material. Absorption in the 6 cm

transition was detected from seven SCSs using the Shanghai 65 m Tianma radio telescope. In order to further investigate their O-rich material, several 3 mm molecular lines including HCO+ and CO were also observed with the Purple Mountain Observatory 13.7 m telescope. Double-peak profiles in some of these lines suggest the possible presence of a companion in the SCS system. A negative association between H2O masers and H2CO absorption was found in our sample of SCSs. The

maser sources may correspond to an earlier evolutionary stage when the circumstellar envelope (CSE) material is O-rich and limited to a compact and denser region. As the star evolves the CSE gradually expands and carbon abundance is enhanced, resulting in the

masers disappearing and H2CO absorption arising.
Multifrequency Study on the Mode Switching of PSR J0614+2229
Authors: Zhang Y. R. , Wang H. G. , Huang X. J. , Chen J. L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The mode switching phenomenon of PSR J0614+2229 was studied using the archived observations at 686, 1369, and 3100 MHz with the Parkes radio telescope that have not been published before, and combining existing observations from the literature. Over a wide frequency range from 327 to 3100 MHz, the pulsar switches between one mode occurring earlier in pulse phase (mode A) and the other mode appearing later in phase (mode B), with a generally frequency-independent phase offset between their profile peaks. The two modes are found to be different in the following aspects. (1) Mode A has a flatter spectrum than mode B, with a difference in the spectral index of about 0.5. This accounts for the phenomenon that the flux ratio between the modes A and B increases with frequency, and mode A becomes stronger than mode B above ∼500 MHz. (2) For mode B, the flux density of the subintegrated profile is anticorrelated with the emission phase, indicating that the emission from earlier phases is relatively stronger than that from later phases; such an anticorrelation is not observed in mode A. (3) The frequency dependence of the FWHM of the two modes are opposite each other; namely, the FWHM of mode A increases with frequency, while that of mode B decreases with frequency. A possible interpretation is suggested: the longitudinal spectral variation across the two beams may be opposites of each other.
Multiphase Gas Flows in the Nearby Seyfert Galaxy ESO428–G014. Paper I
Authors: Feruglio C. , Fabbiano G. , Bischetti M. , Elvis M. , Travascio A. , Fiore F. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We present ALMA 230 GHz continuum and CO(2–1) observations of the nearby Compton-thick Seyfert galaxy ESO428–G14, with angular resolution 0.″7 (78 pc). CO(2–1) is distributed in clumpy spiral arms, a lopsided circumnuclear ring (CNR) with ∼200 pc radius, and a transverse gas lane with size <100 pc, which crosses the nucleus and connects the two portions of the CNR. The main CO velocity gradient is consistent with a rotating disk with dynamical mass M
dyn = 5 × 109
M
⊙ within ∼1 kpc. We detect off-plane gas motions with respect to the main disk plane which likely trace a molecular outflow with rate

, along a biconical structure with radius 700 pc. The CO outflow smoothly joins the warm molecular outflow detected in SINFONI/Very Large Telescope data in the central 170 pc, suggesting that the outflow may cool with increasing distance. Our dynamical modeling of the inner 100 pc region suggests a warped disk or bar, and of fast gas streams which may trace an inflow toward the AGN. The inner warped disk overlaps with the most obscured, CT region seen in X-rays. There, we derive a column density

, suggesting that molecular gas may contribute significantly to the AGN obscuration. Most of the hard X-ray emitting nuclear region is deprived of cold molecular gas and shows a CO-cavity. The CO-cavity is filled with warm molecular gas traced by H2, confirming that the 3–6 keV continuum and Fe Kα emission are due to scattering from dense ISM clouds.
Visions of Electric Media
Authors: Roberts Ivy 
Published: February 2020

Visions of Electric Media is an historical examination into the early history of television, as it was understood during the Victorian and Machine ages. How did the television that we use today develop into a functional technology? What did Victorians expect it to become? How did the 'vision' of television change once viewers could actually see pictures on a screen?
We will journey through the history of 'television': from the first indications of live communications in technology and culture in the late nineteenth century, to the development of electronic televisual systems in the early twentieth century. Along the way, we will investigate the philosophy, folklore, engineering practices, and satires that went into making television a useful medium.
Evaluation of aerosol and cloud properties in three climate models using MODIS observations and its corresponding COSP simulator, as well as their application in aerosol–cloud interactions
Authors: Saponaro Giulia , Sporre Moa K. , Neubauer David , Kokkola Harri , Kolmonen Pekka , Sogacheva Larisa , Arola Antti , de Leeuw Gerrit , Karset Inger H. H. , Laaksonen Ari , Lohmann Ulrike 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The evaluation of modelling diagnostics with appropriate observations is an important task that establishes the capabilities and reliability of models.
In this study we compare aerosol and cloud properties obtained from three different climate models (ECHAM-HAM, ECHAM-HAM-SALSA, and NorESM) with satellite observations using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The simulator MODIS-COSP version 1.4 was implemented into the climate models to obtain MODIS-like cloud diagnostics, thus enabling model-to-model and model-to-satellite comparisons. Cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNCs) are derived identically from MODIS-COSP-simulated and MODIS-retrieved values of cloud optical depth and effective radius. For CDNC, the models capture the observed spatial distribution of higher values typically found near the coasts, downwind of the major continents, and lower values over the remote ocean and land areas. However, the COSP-simulated CDNC values are higher than those observed, whilst the direct model CDNC output is significantly lower than the MODIS-COSP diagnostics. NorESM produces large spatial biases for ice cloud properties and thick clouds over land. Despite having identical cloud modules, ECHAM-HAM and ECHAM-HAM-SALSA diverge in their representation of spatial and vertical distributions of clouds.
From the spatial distributions of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol index (AI), we find that NorESM shows large biases for AOD over bright land surfaces, while discrepancies between ECHAM-HAM and ECHAM-HAM-SALSA can be observed mainly over oceans. Overall, the AIs from the different models are in good agreement globally, with higher negative biases in the Northern Hemisphere.
We evaluate the aerosol–cloud interactions by computing the sensitivity parameter ACICDNC=dln⁡(CDNC)/dln⁡(AI) on a global scale. However, 1 year of data may be considered not enough to assess the similarity or dissimilarities of the models due to large temporal variability in cloud properties.
This study shows how simulators facilitate the evaluation of cloud properties and expose model deficiencies, which are necessary steps to further improve the parameterisation in climate models.
A channel selection method for hyperspectral atmospheric infrared sounders based on layering
Authors: Chang Shujie , Sheng Zheng , Du Huadong , Ge Wei , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This study introduces an effective channel selection method for
hyperspectral infrared sounders. The method is illustrated for the
Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) instrument. The results are as follows.
(1) Using the improved channel selection (ICS), the atmospheric retrievable
index is more stable, with the value reaching 0.54. The coverage of the weighting
functions is more evenly distributed over height with this method. (2) Statistical inversion comparison experiments show that the accuracy of the
retrieval temperature, using the improved channel selection method in this
paper, is consistent with that of 1D-Var channel selection. In the
stratosphere and mesosphere especially, from 10 to 0.02 hPa, the
accuracy of the retrieval temperature of our improved channel selection
method is improved by about 1 K. The accuracy of the
retrieval temperature of ICS is also improved at lower heights. (3) Statistical inversion
comparison experiments for four different regions illustrate latitudinal and
seasonal variations and better performance of ICS compared to the numerical weather prediction (NWP)
channel selection (NCS) and primary channel selection (PCS) methods. The ICS
method shows potential for future applications.
ORCHIDEE MICT-LEAK (r5459), a global model for the production, transport, and transformation of dissolved organic carbon from Arctic permafrost regions – Part 2: Model evaluation over the Lena River basin
Authors: Bowring Simon P. K. , Lauerwald Ronny , Guenet Bertrand , Zhu Dan , Guimberteau Matthieu , Regnier Pierre , Tootchi Ardalan , Ducharne Agnès , Ciais Philippe 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. In this second part of a two-part study, we performed a simulation of the
carbon and water budget of the Lena catchment with the land surface model
ORCHIDEE MICT-LEAK, enabled to simulate dissolved organic carbon (DOC)
production in soils and its transport and fate in high-latitude inland
waters. The model results are evaluated for their ability to reproduce the
fluxes of DOC and carbon dioxide (CO2) along the soil–inland-water
continuum and the exchange of CO2 with the atmosphere, including the
evasion outgassing of CO2 from inland waters. We present simulation
results over the years 1901–2007 and show that the model is able to broadly
reproduce observed state variables and their emergent properties across a
range of interacting physical and biogeochemical processes. These include (1) net primary production (NPP), respiration and riverine hydrologic amplitude,
seasonality, and inter-annual variation; (2) DOC concentrations, bulk annual
flow, and their volumetric attribution at the sub-catchment level; (3) high
headwater versus downstream CO2 evasion, an emergent phenomenon
consistent with observations over a spectrum of high-latitude observational
studies. These quantities obey emergent relationships with environmental
variables like air temperature and topographic slope that have been
described in the literature. This gives us confidence in reporting the
following additional findings: of the ∼34 Tg C yr−1 left
over as input to soil matter after NPP is diminished by heterotrophic
respiration, 7 Tg C yr−1 is leached and transported into the aquatic
system. Of this, over half (3.6 Tg C yr−1) is evaded from the inland
water surface back into the atmosphere and the remainder (3.4 Tg C yr−1)
flushed out into the Arctic Ocean, mirroring empirically derived studies.
These riverine DOC exports represent ∼1.5 % of NPP. DOC
exported from the floodplains is dominantly sourced from recent more
“labile” terrestrial production in contrast to DOC leached from the rest of
the watershed with runoff and drainage, which is mostly sourced from
recalcitrant soil and litter. All else equal, both historical climate change
(a spring–summer warming of 1.8 ∘C over the catchment) and rising
atmospheric CO2 (+85.6 ppm) are diagnosed from factorial simulations
to contribute similar significant increases in DOC transport via primary
production, although this similarity may not hold in the future.
Flea cases observed in dogs during the fall and flea preventative buying habits of clients at a midsized veterinary hospital in Pennsylvania
Authors: Simon Shelby , Yorty Jodi L. 
Published: February 2020

abstract
In Pennsylvania, the peak flea season occurs from May to August, but dogs can be affected by fleas, Ctenocephalides canis/felis, all year. Using a flea preventative all year is crucial because fleas spread diseases such as typhus. This study investigated whether there was a peak in flea cases in dogs at a midsized veterinary hospital in the fall and explored whether clients listen to recommendations to use preventative all year. The peak for flea cases during the fall was in October. There was a statistical difference in number of flea cases between dogs of different sizes (p = 0.003; 0.9% of all large dogs seen had fleas and 2% of all small dogs had fleas). Surveys determined clients’ buying habits and use of preventatives. Almost all clients recalled a veterinarian’s recommendation to use prevention all year, but only 64% complied. Fleas are present in Pennsylvania after August and clients need further education about the use of preventatives all year.
Utility-scale wind energy development challenges in Pennsylvania, 2018
Authors: Rohrs Allison 
Published: February 2020

abstract
The Pennsylvania Utility Commission (PUC) requires that 18% of electricity supplied in Pennsylvania come from an alternative resource by the year 2021. At present, the PUC reports that 14.2% of electricity comes from such sources and that the state is on track to meet its targets by 2021. Wind energy plays a significant role in attaining these standards. In the 2017 Alternative Energy Portfolio Standards Annual Report, wind power contributed to 46.9% of the Tier 1 credits retired in 2017. Although wind plays an important role, future development of utility-scale wind projects in Pennsylvania has significantly declined. In the last five years, only one new wind farm has come on line, and the oldest wind farm in Pennsylvania has been decommissioned. This research provides information regarding the challenges and issues related to the dearth of new utility-scale wind farms in Pennsylvania. This paper reviews the challenges and issues unique to the Commonwealth relating to community opposition, anti-wind ordinances, nonauthorizaton of public land use for wind projects, lack of supportive policy, and environmental issues related to birds and bats.