bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fragmented forests in highly industrialized Batam Island, Indonesia: A vital pocket for biodiversity conservation of Rubroshorea curtisii (Dipterocarpaceae)
Authors: Firdamayanti A , Alawy F , Saifimar C , Galingging A , Wijaya K , Rachmat H H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Rubroshorea curtisii (Meranti Seraya) is a species in the Dipterocarpaceae family that is of ecological and economic signi8icance. The distribution of these species in Indonesia has been reported only in Sumatra, Singkep, and Lingga, and it is currently found in Batam Island, Riau Archipelago, Indonesia. The pressure of development on Batam has caused the forest to be fragmented into smaller parts and signi8icantly reduced the natural habitat of Rubroshorea curtisii. The objective of this research was to assess the synecology of Rubroshorea curtisii species to determine whether the fragmented forest landscape in Batam is an important biodiversity patch for Rubroshorea curtisii by analyzing its structure, composition, and abundance in the Sei Harapan and Bukit Tiban fragmented forests. The study used a vegetation analysis approach employing purposive sampling in 12 circular plots for each site where Rubroshorea curtisii grew naturally. In the Sei Harapan Fragmented Forest, the Important Value Index for the species was 138.01% (tree), 46.48% (pole), 23.38% (sapling), and 27.12% (seedling), while in the Bukit Tiban fragmented forest was 121.79% (tree), 26.67% (sapling), and 30.31% (seedling). At the pole stage, Calophyllum inophylloide had the highest Important Value Index (22.62%). Regarding the diversity index, all growth stages were considered high and medium, with 3,12 (seedling), 3.37 (sapling), 2.91 (pole), and 2,09 (tree) in the Sei Harapan fragmented forest, and 3,12 (seedling), 3.45 (sapling), and 3,44 (pole), 2.33 (tree). The evenness index is all categorized as high, with 0.94 (seedling), 0.94 (sapling), 0.93 (pole), and 0.72 (tree) in Sei Harapan fragmented forest and also categorized as high in Bukit Tiban fragmented forest with 0.91 (seedling), 0.93 (sapling), 0.94 (pole), and 0.72 (tree). The species richness index in the Sei Harapan fragmented forest is classi8ied as high with 6.62 (seedling), 8.06 (sapling), and 5.78 (pole), but at the tree level, it is classi8ied as medium with a value of 4.10. In the Bukit Tiban area, all life stages are categorized as having a high level of species richness, with 6.42 (seedling), 9.26 (sapling), 8.67 (pole), and 5.37 (tree). The study revealed that the fragmented forest on the highly industrialized island of Batam serves as a forest pocket that preserves valuable tropical biodiversity.
Tree Health Analysis of Old Vatica pauciflora (Korth.) Blume in Bogor Botanical Gardens Using Forest Health Monitoring Method
Authors: Rachmadiyanto AN , Azzahra NF , Sudiana E , Wahyuni S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Vatica pauciflora (Korth.) Blume (Dipterocarpaceae), also known as resak rawa, is a vital tree classified as vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Resak rawa can be found in the Bogor Botanical Gardens (BBG) for research and tourism purposes. It is essential to analyze the tree’s damage to assess its health and ensure the safety of visitors. The Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method is used in this study. The study aims to evaluate the health of old V. pauciflora trees (>50 years) in the BBG and investigate the relationship between the tree’s age and health level. Fourteen V. pauciflora trees aged 50–117 years were selected for the study. The parameters observed include the type, location, and severity of damage. The results indicate that the older V. pauciflora trees in BBG are generally healthy, with an average Tree Health Index (THI) of 4.24. There is a moderate correlation between the age of the tree and its health level (y=10,680+470.42lnX; R2=0.34; r=0.59). Recommendations for treating V. pauciflora include mechanical, chemical, and biological control methods to address tree damage. These findings can help mitigate the risk posed by damaged V. pauciflora trees.
Enhancement of Urban Forest into Healing Forest towards Sustainable Urban Ecosystem
Authors: Kania V D , Dahlan M Z , Faisal B 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The city of Bandung was known as the second-most populous city in West Java Province. This dense population contributes to a modern lifestyle, leading to stress. Nature therapy, such as activity in a healing forest, can help to alleviate stress. Babakan Siliwangi Urban Forest (BSUF) in Bandung City offers ecological, social, and cultural services that merit recognition as a healing forest. Therefore, this study evaluated whether BSUF complies with the Indonesian National Standard for Healing Forests requirements. Additionally, it aims to incorporate the healing forest concept into the existing design, thereby transforming the urban forest of BSUF into a healing forest. We used the survey method, questionnaires, and interviews to gather primary data about users’ perceptions of the landscape design of BSUF. This study also conducted observations to assess the physical environment of BSUF compared to Indonesian national standards. We found that the landscape elements of BSUF do not meet the required criteria despite the physical environment being quite suitable. Additional landscape elements and appropriate landscape designs are necessary to improve the physical environment of BSUF and make it a healing forest. Based on the evaluation of the landscape elements and the physical environment, we recommend creating a more comfortable resting place on the forest walk and improving the design of a spring area to be safer and more interesting.
Application of micro fertilizers and seed bomb on the growth of swamp jelutung (Dyera polyphylla (Miq.) Steenis) and paddy (Oryza sativa L.) on peat soil
Authors: Hartoyo A P P , Safitri D E , Muhammad D N , Madani H N , Rahayu A N , Solikhin A , Setiawan Y , Muryunika R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Peatland degradation requires accelerated rehabilitation through species selection, such as swamp Jelutung (Dyera polyphylla) and Inpara 2 paddy (Oryza sativa). Additionally, fertilizers with seed-coating (seed bombs) can improve the plants’ growth. This study aimed to analyze the effect of micro-fertilizers and seed bomb techniques on developing D. polyphylla and paddy in peat soil. The design of the growth experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with the factor of micro fertilizers application (consisting of micro-crystalline cellulose (MK), micro-lignocellulose (ML), activated micro-carbon (MT), and non-activated micro-carbon (MNT) with concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) and the form of seed bomb (ball and box). The results showed that applying micro fertilizers and seed bombs can increase pH, macronutrients, and micronutrients, as well as reduce Al content in the soil. Application of MK3% (seedbox), MK7% (seedball), MK5% (seedbox), MK3% (seedbox), and MK7% (seedball) resulted in the best growth of D. polyphylla in percent germination, plant height, root length, wet weight, and dry weight respectively. The best paddy growth was shown in MNT3% (seedbox), MK5% (seedball), MNT5% (seedbox), MT1% (seedbox), and MK7% (seedball) treatments in percent germination, plant height, root length, wet weight, and dry weight respectively.
Floristic Diversity in Mangrove Restoring Area-Pante Bayam, Aceh
Authors: Harefa M S , Tuhono E , Nasution Z , Nikmah R U , Pratama F Y 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The conversion and degradation of mangrove ecosystems for other purposes has damaged some mangrove covers, particularly in Aceh province. Several restoration initiatives have been undertaken, including planting native species in degraded areas. This study examines the flora diversity in a mangrove rehabilitation area dominated by the Xylocarpus granatum species in Pante Bayam, Aceh. A survey method was employed to assess vegetation in the one-hectare area at Pante Bayam. Based on the findings, the X. granatum restoration area encompasses eight species. X. granatum had the highest IVI throughout all growth stages, followed by Scyphiphora hydrophylacea, Avicennia marina, and Rhizophora apiculata. The sapling stage had the highest diversity value of 1.39 (medium), while the tree stage had the lowest at 0.25. Despite the low value of species diversity, the research results indicated that new seedlings were being recruited at the research area. The emergence of new species, particularly pioneer species, in the research area suggests that natural succession is continuing.
Light focusing of aluminium film-coated capsule-shaped particles with penetrated cylinder
Authors: Wu Tongmiao , Zhu Binjie , Ye Zhipeng , Zhang Yaxuan , Bai Sisi , Lian Shuang , Que Tianxing , Wu Pinghui , Li Xiaojie , Cai Shuangshuang , Jiang Peipei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Microsphere-assisted imaging technology has proven to be a powerful tool for breaking through the Abbe diffraction limit. Appropriate innovation of microsphere structures is of great significance for the design of microlenses. In this paper, a micro-cylinder was added to the center of the microsphere covered with a patchy aluminium film to form a patchy capsule-shaped particle model. The finite difference time domain simulation method was used to simulate the light field. The research model can effectively improve the relevant parameters of focused beams of various structures (photonic nanojet (PNJ), photonic hook (PH), S-shaped PH. In particular, the effective length can be doubled. By changing the position of the patchy aluminium film, the conversion between PNJ, PH and S-shaped PH can be achieved. By changing the height of the central cylinder, a narrower S-shaped PH and more S-shaped PH inflection points can be produced. This work is expected to have potential applications in the fields of nanolithography, super-resolution imaging, light harvesting, micromachining and other fields.
Chaos secure communication based on free-running VCSEL system
Authors: Wang Yiqiao , Zhang Xueting , Mu Penghua , Tao Junyan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a parallel injection chaotic system involving three vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). First, the chaotic synchronization performance of the system is evaluated using the cross-correlation function. Then, we analyze in detail the effects of injection strength, frequency detuning, and parameter mismatch on the chaotic synchronization and information transmission of the system. Numerical studies indicate that the proposed parallel injection chaotic system based on three VCSELs can achieve high-quality chaotic synchronization over a wide bandwidth and a broad range of input parameters. Furthermore, even in the case of parameter mismatch, high-quality chaotic synchronization and communication can still be achieved. Additionally, with appropriate injection strength, the system can compensate for the efficiency reduction caused by parameter mismatch.
Simulation and investigation of optical artificial neuron by optical injection in semiconductor laser
Authors: Jaber Mustafa M , Hemed Ayser A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research investigates the experimental implementation of a feed-forward (FF) optical neural network (ONN) using optical injection. Two follower laser diodes (FLD1, FLD2) are subjected to chaotic modulation, with their respective signal weights adjusted via optical filtration. The study analyses the behavior of these FLDs during FF operation, focusing on frequency spectra derived from time series data. The research examines the impact of both signal weights and control parameters, including the bias voltage of the influencer laser diodes (ILD1, ILD2), on the FLDs. A maximum FWHM of 1.7 GHz is observed for FLD2 when both the bias voltage is set to 4 V, and the modulated signal is attenuated to −20 dB. To assess the synchronization state, the correlation between the ILDs and FLDs is calculated. Results show fluctuations between positive and negative values, with a maximum correlation of 0.42 observed for FLD1 when influenced by FLD2’s voltage. These findings demonstrate an anti-synchronized relationship between the ILDs and FLDs, a crucial requirement for ensuring privacy in a chaotic optical communication system, simulating an ONN.
Electrical magnetochiral anisotropy and quantum metric in chiral conductors
Authors: Jiang Yiyang , Yi Qinyan , Yan Binghai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Electrical magnetochiral anisotropy (EMCA) refers to the chirality- and current-dependent nonlinear magnetoresistance in chiral conductors and is commonly interpreted in a semiclassical picture. In this work, we reveal a quantum geometry origin of EMCA using a chiral rectangular lattice model that resembles a chiral organic conductor (DM-EDT-TTF)

2

ClO

4

studied for EMCA recently and exhibits symmetry-protected Dirac bands similar to those of graphene. Compared to the semiclassical term, we find that Dirac states contribute significantly to both traditional longitudinal EMCA and the unconventional transverse EMCA via the quantum metric when Fermi energy is close to the Dirac point. Besides, we discover that a topological insulator state can emerge once spin–orbit coupling is added to our chiral model lattice. Our work paves a path toward understanding quantum geometry in the magnetotransport of chiral materials.
Weak Value Quantum Metrology beyond Weak Interaction
Authors: Yoo Seung-Yeun , Kim Yosep , Kim U-Shin , Lee Chung-Hyun , Kim Yoon-Ho 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Weak value amplification is crucial in quantum metrology because it enhances the detection of subtle interactions between quantum entities. However, current weak value quantum metrology techniques are only effective for extremely weak interactions, significantly narrowing its range of potential applications. &#xD;In this work, we present the `metrological weak value,' designed for use with quantum interactions of any strengths, making it unnecessary to have prior knowledge of how strong or weak a quantum interaction might be.&#xD;Additionally, we demonstrate an adaptive estimation scheme for weak value quantum metrology tailored for gauging an undetermined interaction strength. This scheme, rooted in metrological weak value measurements, aligns perfectly with the quantum Cramér-Rao lowest bound. &#xD;The versatility and effectiveness of the metrological weak value enables weak value quantum metrology beyond weak interactions, paving the way for precision in quantum measurement and broadening its utility across various quantum systems.
Metropolitan construction carbon emission efficiency: an integrative static-dynamic analytical framework
Authors: Hu Jianing , Yao Wanxiang , Cai Gangwei , Zhao Qinfeng , Wang Chanjuan , Xu Tongyu , Shi Chunyan , Gao Weijun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Taking urgent action to combat climate change and promote sustainable cities are part of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, which demand immediate action from all countries. Enhancing the carbon emission efficiency of the construction industry (CICEE) from the ‘static-dynamic’ perspective is crucial in addressing climate change. This study utilized the super slack-based measure model to analyze static efficiency. The Malmquist-Luenberger index model, multiple non-linear regression model, and principal component analysis were used to research the driving factors dynamically. Factors included technical change (TC), pure technical efficiency change (PEC), and scale efficiency change (SEC), which were subdivided into 21 variables. The panel data was from 11 cities in Zhejiang from 2007 to 2019. The results indicated that while static carbon efficiency values were generally effective, more than half of the cities experienced a significant decline in carbon efficiency in 2019, with an average decrease of 52%. Efficiency levels were higher in northern Zhejiang and lower in the southeastern region. CICEE values over one were primarily attributed to high TC levels and stable PEC and SEC conditions. Additionally, a generalized framework for improving CICEE was constructed, assisting policymakers in identifying reasons for low CICEE and providing targeted strategies to reduce emissions and increase efficiency.
Diffusion models for super-resolution microscopy: a tutorial
Authors: Bachimanchi Harshith , Volpe Giovanni 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Diffusion models have emerged as a prominent technique in generative modeling with neural networks, making their mark in tasks like text-to-image translation and super-resolution. In this tutorial, we provide a comprehensive guide to build denoising diffusion probabilistic models from scratch, with a specific focus on transforming low-resolution microscopy images into their corresponding high-resolution versions in the context of super-resolution microscopy. We provide the necessary theoretical background, the essential mathematical derivations, and a detailed Python code implementation using PyTorch. We discuss the metrics to quantitatively evaluate the model, illustrate the model performance at different noise levels of the input low-resolution images, and briefly discuss how to adapt the tutorial for other applications. The code provided in this tutorial is also available as a Python notebook in the supplementary information.
Decarbonization potential of fuel cell technologies in micro-cogeneration applications: spotlight on SOFCs in a Belgian case study
Authors: Paulus Nicolas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
There is a plethora of fuel cell technologies, many of which hold great promise in terms of their decarbonisation potential, which this paper aims to explore. In fact, this paper is primarily based on the only two existing technologies on the market, polymer exchange membrane fuel cells and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Unfortunately, these commercial systems mainly use natural gas as primary fuel due to its cost and practicality (easy transport and storage, existing infrastructures, etc). Using Belgium as a case study, this paper shows that their GHG mitigation potential remains rather insignificant compared to the average individual carbon footprint if their fuel is not decarbonised. Even so, their mitigation potential would still be far from sufficient, and other measures, including behavioural changes, would still need to be implemented. Nevertheless, some emerging fuel cell technologies, such as direct carbon SOFCs (DC-SOFCs) or direct formic acid fuel cells, offer the possibility of facilitating pure CO2 capture at their anode outlet, thus allowing for potential negative emissions. Using a case study of the electricity demand of an average Belgian home (with two adults) supplied by an efficient biomass-fuelled DC-SOFC, this paper shows that these negative emissions could be up to about 4 tCO2eq yr−1 . By comparison, the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report estimated the emissions footprint that could never be mitigated, even with future net-zero CO2 emissions, to be 1 tCO2eq yr−1 per capita, implying that climate neutrality will require similar levels of carbon sequestration. In populous Western countries, natural carbon sinks are unlikely to be sufficient, and the potential negative emissions of emerging fuel cell technologies will be welcome.
A compact wideband coupler design for 5G applications
Authors: Abouhssous Khadija , Zugari Asmaa , Mchbal Aicha , al Rimi Ahmed Abbas , el Ouahabi Mohssine , Zakriti Alia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces the design of a compact, broadband coupler tailored for 5G applications. The proposed innovative approach deftly combines two distinct techniques: stepped impedance structures and meandering paths. This integration aims not only to miniaturize the coupler and expand its bandwidth but also to uphold exceptional performance, particularly within the core 3.5 GHz frequency band. The method achieves a notable 59% reduction in size compared to conventional designs and realizes an impressive fractional bandwidth of 40%. These attributes make the design particularly suitable for 5G systems, which demand both compact structures and wide bandwidths to support dense signal environments and high data throughput. By uniting these techniques in a single design, this work achieves both significant size reduction and enhanced bandwidth within a streamlined structure, setting it apart from previous studies. Additionally, the coupler maintains a precise quadrature phase difference between its output ports. Extensive experimental results affirm the effectiveness of this innovative approach, highlighting its potential for designing compact, high-performance couplers suited to advanced 5G applications.
City climate action plans through the lens of the food-energy-water nexus
Authors: Mounir Adil , Chini Christopher M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The concepts of interdependent resource management have roots in the mid-20th century, and, more recently, the term ‘nexus’ has been used to describe the interconnected relationships among various resources, including food, energy, water, climate, and land. United States and European science foundations have shown a growing interest in the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus, leading to increased research on their joint management. Concurrently, in response to the looming threats of climate change, many cities in the United States have addressed climate governance by developing climate action plans (CAPs) for both mitigation and adaptation. However, one major criticism of the FEW nexus is the limited translation of the research into practical policies and implementation, such as CAPs. To assess the incorporation of FEW nexus principles into climate planning, we systematically evaluate 100 CAPs from large United States cities (population over 100 000). We identified primary themes and objectives for each resource, examining explicit or implicit connections within the CAPs. Our findings show that the energy sector is a central focus in nearly every CAP (98%), followed by water (75%), and food (66%). Within the food sector, we observed a significant emphasis on food waste reduction and composting (about 80%) compared to other food-related topics. Among water-related matters, drinking water receives the most attention, compared to wastewater and stormwater. Notably, the most discussed food-energy-water (FEW) links are those that involve energy, particularly the water-for-energy and food-for-energy connections, found in over half of the documents (56%). Our analysis promotes the integration of the FEW nexus into CAPs while discussing the barriers to its effective implementation.
Antimicrobial stewardship in the Federal Bureau of Prisons: Combining prospective audit and feedback with formulary changes to reduce inappropriate fluoroquinolone use
Authors: Brorby Alexander , Herring Holly , Williams Evan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Antimicrobial stewardship programs have been widely implemented with positive results in the inpatient healthcare delivery model. However, data supporting these interventions is limited in other care settings.

Summary
Formulary restrictions and conducting prospective audit and feedback (PAF) are mainstays of antimicrobial stewardship. A PAF program targeted specifically at fluoroquinolone use was implemented in the Federal Bureau of Prisons (FBOP), in addition to exclusionary formulary restrictions on ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. After implementation of these interventions, overall fluoroquinolone orders per 1,000 adults in custody (AICs) were reduced by 46.4% (P &lt; 0.0001). The majority of PAF interventions addressed situations in which an antibiotic was unnecessary or a fluoroquinolone was not the recommended first-line agent. Over the same time period, nonformulary approval rates for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin averaged 62%.

Conclusion
The interventions from this program provide data supporting the effectiveness of formulary changes and PAF for antimicrobial stewardship in a nontraditional care setting.