bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiomyopathy in limb girdle muscular dystrophy R9, FKRP related
Authors: Libell Eric M. , Richardson Julia A. , Lutz Katie L. , Ng Benton Y. , Mockler Shelley R. H. , Laubscher Katie M. , Stephan Carrie M. , Zimmerman Bridget M. , Edens Erik R. , Reinking Benjamin E. , Mathews Katherine D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionReported frequencies of cardiomyopathy in limb girdle muscular dystrophy R9 (LGMDR9) vary. We describe the frequency and age at onset of cardiomyopathy in an LDMDR9 cohort.MethodsEchocardiograms from 56 subjects (157 echocardiograms) with LGMDR9 were retrospectively reviewed. The cumulative probability of having an abnormal echocardiogram as a function of age was assessed by survival analysis for interval‐censored data by genotype. Correlations between cardiac and clinical function were evaluated.ResultsTwenty‐five (45%) participants had cardiomyopathy. The median age at first abnormal echocardiogram for subjects homozygous for the c.826C>A variant was 54.2 y compared to 18.1 y for all other fukutin‐related protein (FKRP) genotypes (P < .0001). There was a weak correlation between ejection fraction and 10‐Meter Walk Test speed (r = 0.25), but no correlation with forced vital capacity (r = 0.08).DiscussionCardiomyopathy is prevalent among those with LGMDR9 and occurs later in subjects homozygous for the c.826C>A mutation. These data will help to guide surveillance and management.
Clinical application of fish‐oil intravenous lipid emulsion in adult home parenteral nutrition patients
Authors: Mundi Manpreet S. , Bonnes Sara L. , Salonen Bradley R. , McMahon M. Molly , Martindale Robert , Hurt Ryan T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh–ω‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are noted to contribute to development of intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD) in home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Fish oil (FO) has been added to latest generation of lipid injectable emulsion (ILE) to increase ω‐3:ω‐6 PUFA ratio; however, appropriate dose of FO to treat IFALD is unknown.MethodsAfter approval of exclusive FO ILE in the US for pediatric patients, we noted 2 adult patients with ongoing IFALD despite transition to mixed‐oil (MO) ILE. They were transitioned to off‐label FO ILE after review of literature regarding use of FO ILE in adult HPN patients was conducted to guide management.ResultsThe first case involves a 40‐year‐old female receiving HPN with IFALD refractory to MO ILE. MO ILE (with 15% FO) was provided at 50 g/d for 3 d/wk and combined with FO ILE at 50 g/d for 4 d/wk. This combination resulted in improvement in liver studies and allowed for decrease in dextrose calories. The second case involves a 49‐year‐old male receiving HPN (secondary to complications of necrotizing pancreatitis) who developed IFALD. FO ILE was used as the sole source of lipids and led to improvement in liver function tests. No evidence of essential fatty acid deficiency was found in either case.ConclusionsCurrent case presentations and review of literature support the use of FO ILE to increase ω‐3 PUFAs in patients with IFALD refractory to MO ILE. Additional research is necessary to delineate the dose of FO ILE necessary to achieve benefit.
Algebraic multigrid preconditioning of the Hessian in optimization constrained by a partial differential equation
Authors: Barker Andrew T. , Drăgănescu Andrei 
Published: September 2020

SummaryWe construct an algebraic multigrid (AMG) based preconditioner for the reduced Hessian of a linear‐quadratic optimization problem constrained by an elliptic partial differential equation. While the preconditioner generalizes a geometric multigrid preconditioner introduced in earlier works, its construction relies entirely on a standard AMG infrastructure built for solving the forward elliptic equation, thus allowing for it to be implemented using a variety of AMG methods and standard packages. Our analysis establishes a clear connection between the quality of the preconditioner and the AMG method used. The proposed strategy has a broad and robust applicability to problems with unstructured grids, complex geometry, and varying coefficients. The method is implemented using the Hypre package and several numerical examples are presented.
Pain in intensive care unit patients—A longitudinal study
Authors: Olsen Brita F. , Valeberg Berit T. , Jacobsen Morten , Småstuen Milada C. , Puntillo Kathleen , Rustøen Tone 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo assess occurrence of pain during the first 6 days of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and evaluate associations between occurrence of pain and selected patient‐related variables.DesignA longitudinal study.MethodsAdult ICU patients from three units were included. Patients' pain was assessed with valid pain assessment tools every 8 hr during their first 6 days in ICU. Possible associations between occurrence of pain and selected patient‐related variables were modelled using multiple logistic regression.ResultsWhen pain was assessed regularly with pain assessment tools, 10% of patients were in pain at rest and 27% were in pain during turning. The proportions of patients who were in pain were significantly higher for patients able to self‐report pain, compared with patients not able to self‐report (p < .001). Several predictors were associated with being in pain. It is important to be aware of these predictors in order to improve pain management.
RBF‐ENO/WENO schemes with Lax–Wendroff type time discretizations for Hamilton–Jacobi equations
Authors: Abedian Rooholah , Dehghan Mehdi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this research, a class of radial basis functions (RBFs) ENO/WENO schemes with a Lax–Wendroff time discretization procedure, named as RENO/RWENO‐LW, for solving Hamilton–Jacobi (H–J) equations is designed. Particularly the multi‐quadratic RBFs are used. These schemes enhance the local accuracy and convergence by locally optimizing the shape parameters. Comparing with the original WENO with Lax–Wendroff time discretization schemes of Qiu for HJ equations, the new schemes provide more accurate reconstructions and sharper solution profiles near strong discontinuous derivative. Also, the RENO/RWENO‐LW schemes are easy to implement in the existing original ENO/WENO code. Extensive numerical experiments are considered to verify the capability of the new schemes.
Associations of Pregnancy After Bariatric Surgery with Long‐Term Weight Trajectories and Birth Weight: LABS‐2 Study
Authors: Harrod Curtis S. , Elman Miriam R. , Vesco Kimberly K. , Wolfe Bruce M. , Mitchell James E. , Pories Walter J. , Pomp Alfons , Boone‐Heinonen Janne , Purnell Jonathan Q. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine whether pregnancy following bariatric surgery affects long‐term maternal weight change and offspring birth weight.MethodsUsing data from the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS)‐2 study, linear regression was used to evaluate percent change in total body weight over a 5‐year follow‐up period among reproductive‐aged women who underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass or laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding as well as evaluate the association of bariatric procedure type and offspring birth weight.ResultsOf 727 women with preoperative age of 36.1 (6.3) years (mean [SD]) and BMI of 46.9 (7.0) kg/m2, 80 (11%) reported at least one pregnancy. After adjusting for covariates, percent change in total body weight was not significantly different between women who became pregnant and those who did not during a 5‐year follow‐up period (β = 2.02; 95% CI: −1.03 to 5.07; P = 0.19). Additionally, mean birth weight was not significantly different between mothers who underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass versus laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (P = 0.99).ConclusionsPostoperative pregnancy did not diminish long‐term weight loss in women in the LABS‐2 study. The finding of comparable weight loss is relevant for providers counseling women of reproductive age on weight‐loss expectations and family planning following bariatric surgery.
Real time uncertainty estimation in filling stage of resin transfer molding process
Authors: Tifkitsis K. I. , Skordos A. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the development of a digital twin, based on an inversion procedure, integrating process monitoring with simulation of composites manufacturing to provide a real time probabilistic estimation of process outcomes. A computationally efficient surrogate model was developed based on Kriging. The surrogate model reduces the computational time allowing inversion in real time. The tool was implemented in the filling stage of an resin transfer molding processing of a carbon fiber reinforced part resulting in the probabilistic prediction of unknown parameters. Flow monitoring data were acquired using dielectric sensors. The inverse scheme based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo uses input parameters, such as permeability and viscosity, as unknown stochastic variables. The scheme enhances the model by reducing model parameter uncertainty yielding an accurate on line estimation of process outcomes and critical events such as racetracking. The inverse scheme provides a prediction of filling duration with an error of about 5% using information obtained within the first 30% of the process.
Influence of the thermomechanical degradation on the formation of the crystalline structure of PHBV evaluated by temperature‐resolved SAXS experiments
Authors: Carli Larissa N. , Daitx Tales S. , Gonçalves Gustavo P. O. , Bianchi Otávio , Crespo Janaina S. , Mauler Raquel S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, the influence of the thermomechanical degradation of poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) during melt processing on the formation of its crystalline structure was investigated by temperature‐resolved small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and complementary techniques, thus combining different tools in the characterization of polymeric structures. PHBV was processed in an internal mixer at 170°C for 7 minutes at four rotation speeds (50, 100, 150, and 200 rpm), in order to obtain samples with molar masses ranging from 125 000 to 64 000 g mol−1. The processing at higher rotation speeds resulted in the formation of thinner, smaller, and/or imperfect crystallites, which melt at lower temperatures. Moreover, the melting curves were broader than those associated with the unprocessed PHBV, suggesting a change in the size distribution of the crystallites. These results were corroborated by lamellar long period values and crystalline and amorphous thickness as determined by SAXS, where the sample processed at 200 rpm presented the most evident effects of the melt processing.
Synthesis of functionalized copolymers and their compatibilization effects on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/poly(butylene terephthalate) blends
Authors: Li Kunquan , Wu Wenjian , Chai Shengyong , Tang Lei , Li Jide , Li Yan , Liu Qin , Chen Lin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, the copolymers of methyl methacrylate‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate (MGD) with different epoxy contents and molecular weights, the styrene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate (SGD) and methyl methacrylate‐co‐maleic anhydride (MAD) were synthesized. The synthesized copolymers, styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride (SMA) and styrene‐acrylonitrile‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate (SAG) were used as compatibilizers to enhance the impact strength of the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/poly(butylene terephthalate) (ABS/PBT). The effects of differences in the structure, reactive group type, and molecular weight of the compatibilizers on the mechanical properties, phase morphology, melt viscosity, thermal stability, and melting temperature of the blend were studied. The results showed that functionalized copolymers were successfully synthesized with high monomer conversions. Addition of the functionalized copolymers increased melt viscosity but did not considerably affect thermal stability, tensile strength, flexural strength and melting temperature of the ABS/PBT blends. The compatibilizers improved the dispersion of the PBT phase and prevented brittle fracture, thereby increasing the impact strength of the blend. Among the studied compositions, the ABS/PBT/MGD‐5 blend exhibited the highest impact strength of 25.8 kJ/m2 and an appropriate melt flow index of 19.1 g/10 minutes. The compatibilizer should have an appropriate molecular weight to improve the interface bonding force. Regarding the melting viscosity, the reactive group content and compatibilizer dosage should be adjusted to ensure high impact strength.
Registration of ‘Purl’ soft white winter wheat
Authors: Carter A. H. , Balow K. A. , Shelton G. B. , Burke A. B. , Hagemeyer K. E. , Worapong J. , Higginbotham R. W. , Chen X. M. , Engle D. A. , Murray T. D. , Morris C. F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere are numerous traits that soft white winter (SWW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars require to be successful in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. High yield potential, high grain volume weight, acceptable end‐use quality, winter hardiness, resistance to Cephalosporium stripe, and high falling number are just a few of the desired traits. Although many of these traits are driving factors toward releasing a new cultivar, two traits are essential if a cultivar is to be successful in the Pacific Northwest: stripe rust resistance and strawbreaker foot rot (eyespot) resistance. The objective of this research was to develop a SWW cultivar with improved resistance to current stripe rust races, that carries genes for strawbreaker foot rot resistance, is winter hardy, and has high yield potential in the intermediate (400–500 mm) and high (>500 mm) rainfall regions of eastern Washington. ‘Purl’ (Reg. no. CV‐1166, PI 691558) SWW wheat was developed and released in March 2018 by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University. Purl was tested under the experimental designations MAS08019‐92‐1‐S‐s and WA8234, which were assigned through progressive generations of advancement. Purl is a semi‐dwarf cultivar adapted to intermediate‐ to high‐rainfall wheat production regions of Washington. Purl has high‐temperature adult‐plant resistance to stripe rust, carries the Pch1 gene for strawbreaker foot rot, is intermediate in height, has midseason maturity, and has high test weight and grain yield potential. Purl has end‐use quality properties similar to those of ‘Stephens’, ‘Puma’, and ‘Madsen’ and is suitable for cookie, cake, and cracker production.
Sequential crosslinking for mechanical property development in high sulfur content composites
Authors: Thiounn Timmy , Karunarathna Menisha S. , Slann Lauren M. , Lauer Moira K. , Smith Rhett C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis report details how sequential crosslinking processes can be applied to develop properties in sulfur‐bisphenol A composites. Olefinic carbons were first crosslinked by inverse vulcanization (InV) at 180°C and then aryl carbon crosslinking was affected via radical‐induced aryl halide‐sulfur polymerization (RASP) at 220°C. To demonstrate that these two crosslinking mechanisms are orthogonal and can be used to affect stepwise property changes, O,O′‐diallyl‐2,2′,5,5′‐tetrabromobisphenol A was selected as a comonomer. After InV of the monomer with 90 wt% sulfur, a flexible plastic material having an elongation at break of 89% was obtained, whereas after heating this premade polymer to initiate RASP, the polymer develops a threefold increase in its tensile strength and has an elongation at break of only 29%. The sequential crosslinking strategy demonstrated herein thus provides an innovative approach to tuning the properties of high sulfur‐content materials.
Analogies between the topological insulator phase of 2D Dirac materials and the superradiant phase of atom‐field systems
Authors: Calixto Manuel , Romera Elvira , Castaños Octavio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA semiclassical phase‐space perspective of band‐ and topological‐insulator regimes of 2D Dirac materials and normal‐ and superradiant phases of atom‐field interacting models is given in terms of delocalization, entropies, and quantum correlation measures. From this point of view, the low‐energy limit of tight‐binding models describing the electronic band structure of topological 2D Dirac materials such as phosphorene and silicene with tunable band gaps share similarities with Rabi‐Dicke and Jaynes‐Cummings atom‐field interaction models, respectively. In particular, the edge state of the 2D Dirac materials in the topological insulator phase exhibits a Schrödinger's cat structure similar to the ground state of two‐level atoms in a cavity interacting with a one‐mode radiation field in the superradiant phase. Delocalization seems to be a common feature of topological insulator and superradiant phases.
Resolution enhancement of overlapping peaks of ion mobility spectrometry based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Zhang Shulei , Li Junhui , Xie Chengyi , Wu Qidi , Yu Jiancheng , Tang Keqi 
Published: September 2020

RationaleIon mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful analytical tool that has been widely applied in many fields. However, the limited structural resolution of IMS results in peak overlapping in the analysis of samples with similar structures. We propose a novel method, improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), for the separation of IMS overlapping peaks.MethodsThis method, which prevents local optimization, is used to identify the peak model coefficients of IMS. Moreover, we use the half‐peak width characteristics of IMS to determine the particle position range, which eliminates impossible combinations of single peaks and reduces the difficulty of identification of coefficients.ResultsDuring a comparison in performance between IPSO and the genetic algorithm (GA), the results show that the maximum separation error of IPSO is only 1.45%, while the error of the GA is up to 17.43%. Moreover, the time consumed by IPSO is 95% less than that of the GA, and IPSO has a greater robustness under the same separation error conditions.ConclusionsThe method proposed provides accurate analytical results in separating overlapping IMS peaks even in cases of severe overlaps, which greatly enhances the structural resolution of IMS.
A miniaturized spray‐assisted fine‐droplet‐formation‐based liquid‐phase microextraction method for the simultaneous determination of fenpiclonil, nitrofen and fenoxaprop‐ethyl as pesticides in soil samples
Authors: Turan Nouha Bakaraki , Bakirdere Sezgin 
Published: September 2020

RationalePesticides are a group of micropollutants that persist for a long time in the environment and pose threats to life. Much effort has been devoted to developing pre‐concentration methods capable of producing samples suitable for the detection of pesticides. However, better methods are still required to detect these compounds when they are present in trace concentrations in soils.MethodSpray‐assisted fine‐droplet‐formation‐based liquid‐phase microextraction was used to prepare soil samples containing three different pesticides, fenpiclonil, nitrofen and fenoxaprop‐ethyl, for subsequent analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A spraying apparatus was used for the dispersion of the extraction solvent into the sample/standard solution to improve the extraction efficiency. Optimization studies were performed to lower the detection limits of these analytes and the results obtained by the application of the newly developed system were compared with those obtained using the conventional GC/MS method.ResultsA calibration curve over the range 5.0–100 μg L−1 was obtained under the optimal conditions. The limits of detection and quantification were 1.56–1.80 μg L−1 and 5.21–5.98 μg L−1, respectively. The enhancements in detection ability over the conventional method for the three tested pesticides were 188.01, 176.96 and 517.14 for fenpiclonil, nitrofen and fenoxaprop‐ethyl, respectively Recovery studies performed in soil samples were satisfactory reflecting accurate applicability of the developed method.ConclusionsThe developed microextraction method is a time‐saving and simple version of the traditional dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method that also reduces the use of dispersive solvents.
Coated glass capillaries as SPME devices for DART mass spectrometry
Authors: Cody Robert , Maleknia Simin D. 
Published: September 2020

RationaleSolid‐phase microextraction (SPME) provides high‐throughput sample cleanup and pre‐concentration. Here we demonstrate coated glass capillaries (CGCs) as SPME devices for specific applications in direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry, referred to as “CGC‐DART”, for rapid screening of environmental contaminants at low parts‐per‐trillion detection limits and with accurate identification of analytes.MethodsThe extraction is performed in a one‐step process in minutes by dipping the CGC in solutions containing the analytes, and then placing the CGC in a DART source for analysis. CGCs are disposable and relatively inexpensive in comparison with SPME devices, and can be prepared with hydrophobic, hydrophilic or mixed‐mode materials similar to SPME. CGCs were prepared by adsorption coating with incubation of capillaries in saturated solutions of octadecylamine or covalent activation of silanes.ResultsQuantitation is shown with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) at 1 ppt to 100 ppb, with the lowest detection at 500 parts‐per quadrillion (ppq) in tap water. One‐step extraction of contaminated groundwater from Northern Queensland, Australia, revealed perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexanesulfonamide as well as C4–C8 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids. A soil sample taken near a former military air base (New Hampshire, USA) revealed the presence of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) at 1 ppb and traces of perfluoroheptanoic acid.ConclusionsCGC‐DART enabled one‐step extraction of PFASs in minutes with mL sample volumes at low concentrations as shown for the standards and contaminated soil and water samples. DART‐MS combined with Kendrick mass defect analysis enabled accurate identification of PFASs without chromatography steps, as fluorinated compounds are mass deficient and easily distinguished over background signal.
Severe Nocardia pneumonia in an immunocompromised patient with alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Chan Daryl E. C. Y. , Hamed Dima , Lennon Daniel , Wark Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPulmonary nocardiosis is an uncommon pulmonary infection that is more likely found in immunocompromised patients with underlying chronic lung disease. The presentation of pulmonary nocardiosis is widely variable and shares features with other types of pulmonary infections. Nocardia is also not as easily isolated on standard culture mediums and hence more difficult to identify. We describe the case of a patient with a severe necrotising pneumonia who was chronically immunosuppressed with steroids and has alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency.