bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge about diabetic retinopathy, eye check-up practice and associated factors among adult patients with diabetes mellitus attending at debark hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Assem Abel Sinshaw , Tegegne Mebratu Mulusew , Alemu Destaye Shiferaw , Woredekal Asamere Tsegaw , Tefera Tsehay Kassa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundRoutine eye examination plays a vital role in detecting diabetic retinopathy in its earliest stage before the onset of blindness. Patients’ knowledge about the nature and the consequences of diabetic retinopathy and routine eye checkup helps for timely identification and early treatment. However, there is limited evidence on knowledge of patients with diabetes mellitus on diabetic retinopathy and their eye check-up practices in Ethiopia.The aim of this study was to assess knowledge about diabetic retinopathy, eye check-up practice and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy among adult diabetic patients at Debark hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsInstitution based cross-sectional study was conducted at Debark hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, from April 20/2018- May 20/2018. A pretested interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data among 230 diabetic patients aged 18 years and above. Data were entered in to Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were done. Odds ratio with 95% confidence level was determined and variables withp–value of < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.ResultOut of 238 sample 230 were participated, among this, 119 (51.7%) were males. The mean age of the respondents was 49 (SD ±17.6) years. One hundred nine (47.4%) participants had good knowledge and 91 (39.6%) had good eye check-up practice. Urban residence [AOR = 2.65;95% CI: 1.16–6.07)]), monthly income of 3501–8000 birr [AOR = 4.54;(1.31–15.7)], type II diabetes mellitus [AOR = 3.9;(1.6–9.6)], duration of diabetes (6–12 years [AOR = 4.4;(1.4–13.5)]), history of eye disease [AOR = 5.5;(2.3–13.0)] were associated with good knowledge. Similarly, longer duration of diabetes (13–25 years [AOR = 3.77; (1.05–13.5)]) and history of eye disease [AOR = 2.47; (1.09–5.62)] were associated with good eye check-up practice.ConclusionThe proportion of good knowledge about diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients at Debark hospital was fair (47.4%) and good eye check-up practice (eye examination at least once in the past year) was low (39.6%). Longer duration of diabetes and history of eye disease were identified as positive factors for good knowledge and eye check-up practice. Knowledge and regular eye check-up practice needs to be enhanced through provision of appropriate health education.
The role of lysosomes in cancer development and progression
Authors: Tang Tao , Yang Ze-yu , Wang Di , Yang Xian-yan , Wang Jun , Li Lin , Wen Qian , Gao Lei , Bian Xiu-wu , Yu Shi-cang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. Thus, lysosomes play important roles in cellular activity. In addition, previous studies have shown that lysosomes may play important roles in cancer development and progression through the abovementioned biological processes and that the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes are closely related to cancer cell proliferation, energy metabolism, invasion and metastasis, immune escape and tumor-associated angiogenesis. Therefore, identifying the factors and mechanisms that regulate the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes and elucidating the relationship between lysosomes and the development and progression of cancer can provide important information for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction and may yield new therapeutic targets. This study briefly reviews the above information and explores the potential value of lysosomes in cancer therapy.
Analysis of technical efficiency in maize production in Guji Zone: stochastic frontier model
Authors: Belete Aschalew Shiferaw 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The Guji Zone in particular and Oromia region in general have a huge potential for crop production that can even contribute for the country as a whole in the struggle for achieving food security. Maize is Ethiopia’s largest cereal crop in terms of total production, acreage, and the number of farm holdings. It is one of the staple crops produced in the study area. However, the farm productivity per hectare is low compared to the national average which indicates the presence of farming inefficiency in the study area. Thus, this study was undertaken with the objective of estimating the level of farmers’ technical efficiency in maize production and identifying the factors which determine the variation in the level of technical efficiency among the farmers.

Results
This study was relied on the primary data collected from a sample of maize producing farm household of Adola Rede and Anna Sorra districts of the Guji Zone using a survey questionnaire. A simple random sampling technique was found appropriate for selecting the respondents, since the populations of these study area are homogeneous. The analysis was relied on a cross-sectional data collected from 234 sample farm households. A one-step stochastic frontier normal/truncated-normal model was used to estimate the farmers’ technical efficiency as well as to identify the determinants of yield per hectare of maize which was estimated by maximum-likelihood method. The empirical result indicates that there are large numbers of inefficient farmers in both districts. The estimated technical efficiency for maize producing farmers is equal to 69.03%. Besides, the current study revealed that 69.23% of maize producing farmers have been operating within a technical efficiency score interval equal to (0.5–0.75) in both districts. In addition, the maize yield per hectare in the study area is very low compared to the national average, i.e., the mean yield is 19.2 quintal per hectare. Moreover, the maximum-likelihood results show that gender of the head of the household, age of the head of the household, farm income, row planting, access to credit, number of active labor force, land size owned, access to improved seed and seed type used, and number of livestock were significantly determine the farmers technical inefficiency.

Conclusion
The results of the study revealed that there is an opportunity which is being squandered in maize production in the study area. For instance, with a given technology, it is possible to raise the maize yield per hectare by 30.07% in the study area. Thus, the government and any concerned stakeholders should facilitate access to improved seed and fertilizer, credit, farm technology, and short-term training. Besides, all stakeholders should work in a cooperative and organized manner to implement the full agricultural package on farm level.
Gun Ownership Legality and Its Power in American Society
Authors: Jones Dennis Ivan 
Published: November 2020

This research is under a descriptive qualitative method. Therefore, library research was used to compile primary data. The primary data was taken from the documentary film, and the secondary data was taken from sources such as books, articles, and journals. Method of American studies or interdiciplinary approach was also apllied with theories to analyze the problem formulation in this research. They were American politics towards gun laws, sociological theory, and popular culture. The result shows that American policy towards gun legality is less tight and it give many bad impacts to American society. The rules that have been made by the American government still considered weak and make American justify any illegal way to get their own gun easily. Therefore, the American government is supposed to improve the laws of gun ownership legality to decrease the impacts of gun problems.
Preserving Indian Languages and Ancient Scripts through Language Documentation and Digital Archiving
Authors: Desk Editorial 
Published: November 2020

Unity in diversity is one of the most distinctive features of Indian civilization. From Jammu & Kashmir to Kanyakumari, every region portrays different customs, cultural traditions, and mother tongues. India is a country of multiple languages and ancient scripts. According to the 2011 census report, 1950 mother tongues were spoken/in use in India. Under Article 344 of the Indian Constitution, only 15 languages ​​were initially recognized as the official language. The 21st Constitution Amendment gave Sindhi the official language status. Based on the 71st Constitution Amendment, the Nepali, Konkani, and Manipuri languages were also included in the above list. Later, by the 92nd Constitution Amendment Act, 2003, four new languages ​​Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali, were included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. Thus, now 22 languages ​​have been given the status of official language in the Indian Constitution. The total number of people speaking these 22 languages ​​in India is 90%. Apart from these 22 languages, English is also the official language and is also the official language of Mizoram, Nagaland, and Meghalaya. In all, 60 languages ​​are being taught in schools in India.
There was an excellent response to the call for papers for Special Issue on Language Documentation and Archiving of DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology (DJLIT). A total of about 13 Papers were received for the special issue. Based on the review and relevancy of the particular theme, seven papers have been selected for publication in the special issue on Language Documentation and Archiving.
The Lithuanian Psychological Well-Being Scale: An analysis of its structure in a student sample
Authors: Bagdonas Albinas , Urbanavičiūtė Ieva , Kairys Antanas , Liniauskaitė Audronė , Girdzijauskienė Sigita 
Published: November 2020

This article presents an analysis of the Lithuanian Psychological Well-Being Scale (LPGS) structure in a student sample and addresses both theoretical and empirical issues related to its development. Psycholo­gical well-being is considered to be a broad construct reflecting a subjective evaluation of our lives in certain domains or on the whole. However, theoretical expla­nations of this phenomenon are somewhat vague and often lack consensus on definitions and classification of well-being domains, subsequently resulting in rat­her diverse approaches to their empirical evaluation. The rationale for the development of the LPGS is based on the following principles: first, the mul­tidimensionality of the construct (it is assumed that psychological well-being encompasses at least several different domains); second, the necessity to take into account characteristic features of the target population in order to produce a valid Lithuanian instrument; and finally, the empirical investigation approach, i.e. the application of empirical findings for the theoretical explanation of psychological well-being. In total, 461 university students took part in the study (68.8 % female, 31% male, 0.2% non-identified; M = 22.6 years). After conducting exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis, 91 item was retained and the following subscales were distinguished: Global satisfaction with life and oneself as a person, Negative emotionality, Purposefulness in life, Satis­faction with interpersonal relationships, Satisfaction with family relationships, Satisfaction with the living standards, Satisfaction with physical health, Percei­ved control, Satisfaction with life in Lithuania. In this study, the LPGS has proven to have adequate psychometric properties. The above-mentioned nine subscales account for 53.7 percent of total variance. The internal consistency test has revealed average to very high subscale reliability, Cronbach alphas ranging from 0.67 (Satisfaction with life in Lithuania) to 0.95 (Global satisfaction with life and oneself as a person).These results provide valuable insight into the dimensionality of psychological well-being in the Lithuanian university student sample. However, more empirical evidence is necessary in order to identify a clear factor structure, and to cross-validate the initial findings in a wider population.
El arte visual como herramienta de investigación para analizar la imaginación de los niños
Authors: Fabbrocino Michela 
Published: November 2020

Las tecnologías basadas en video e imagen han cambiado las formas tradicionales de realizar ciertas tareas y, aún más, la forma en que adultos y niños descifran y entienden el mundo. El método de comunicación ofrecido por el sistema de medios expone al espectador a información repetitiva y fugaz que promueve una actitud acrítica y lo priva de la posibilidad de interactuar. El problema de un aprendizaje que pasa por un consumo incontrolado de tecnologías de audio y video es la ausencia de un puente que conecte los datos adquiridos con la capacidad de codificar información.
En sí mismos, los medios no afectan negativamente la creatividad de los niños. El problema es su mal uso. En el curso de mi investigación, observé que el consumo incontrolado de televisión tiende a limitar las capacidades creativas vinculadas a la imaginación y la codificación cerebral, ya que el niño no logra asimilar el contenido multimedia de manera autónoma y adecuada. Si la imagen mental proviene de una imagen audiovisual externa, si no se procesa o construye de manera personal, para el niño no existe un esquema claro de conocimiento, sino un conjunto de elementos sin un orden lógico. (Arboleda Estudillo, 2013).
Latency of Waveform Data Delivery from the Southern California Seismic Network during the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence and Its Effect on ShakeAlert
Authors: Stubailo Igor , Alvarez Mark , Biasi Glenn , Bhadha Rayomand , Hauksson Egill 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The occurrence of the 4–6 July 2019 Mw 6.4 and Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence provided the first full-scale test of the network and telemetry readiness of the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN), to support the ShakeAlert earthquake early warning (EEW) system in California. ShakeAlert is a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-led collaboration to detect earthquakes and, when possible, to alert the public before the arrival of the strongest shaking. The SCSN performed well in its regional monitoring role for both the 4 July Mw 6.4 and the 6 July Mw 7.1 earthquakes. In the EEW role, it provided timely delivery of 5 s of P-wave data to ShakeAlert, which issued its first alert 6.9 s after origin time. Data delivery at peak data volumes for many stations exhibited some latency, and, as a consequence, some data arrived too late for analysis by one of the EEW algorithms. We find that the average link bandwidth for each station was sufficient, because all waveform data were delivered automatically to the archive, but link capacity for many stations was insufficient for peak demand. We describe the performance of the data telemetry for the sequence, including cellular, radio, hybrid, and backhaul systems. Cellular-based telemetry systems maintained low latency throughout strong shaking and after, but some stations, even at great distances, experienced subsequent brief increases in latency. Performance of radio links depended mostly on the signal strength of the link, with short-distance direct shots to high-bandwidth backhaul systems showing no latency impact, whereas stations on some long distance or marginal quality links suffered latencies of tens or hundreds of seconds. Improvements are being implemented to move telemetry links onto USGS and partner high-bandwidth microwave systems, and to reduce dependency on less robust long-distance radio shots.
Antibiotic prescription analysis of inpatients in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Srinivasa Jyothsnya , Rajendran Vijaya 
Published: November 2020

Background: Antibiotics are one among the commonly prescribed drugs. Patterns of antibiotic resistance widely follows local patterns of antibiotic prescribing and usage. Periodic surveillance of antibiotic prescriptions at regional level are essential to understand and combat antimicrobial resistance. To study the prescribing pattern of antibiotics among inpatients of various specialties in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Method: A prospective observational study of prescribing pattern of antibiotics was conducted among inpatients of various specialties in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Antibiotic prescribing data was collected using a semi structured proforma. The data obtained was analyzed and the conclusions were drawn using descriptive analysis.Results: A total of 1161 prescriptions were collected. 3211 antibiotics were prescribed. Mean average duration of treatment with antibiotics per patient was 11.8 days. Use of 3rd generation cephalosporins, imipenem, piperacillin and vancomycin observed. 75% of antibiotics were prescribed for prophylactic use. Antibiotics prescribed for therapeutic indication were supported by clinical, radiological and other investigations like culture and sensitivity reports.Conclusions: The present study highlights the use of antibiotics for long duration among admitted patients. Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship program with adherence to standard treatment guidelines is essential to combat antimicrobial resistance.
The Use of Taking Notes on Report Text
Authors: Susanti Nila 
Published: November 2020

Some problems of reading and writing incompetency are suffered by students commonly. It can become more difficult for them to understand what they are reading and writing. Additionally, it can become difficult to gain a deeper accepting of the text, something that requires assimilating competency, experience, and knowledge. This paper attempts to describe the use of taking notes on report text. Taking notes could help secondary level students to simplify the process of reading and writing report text. Students or learner who has decent skill of reading and writing and theory of taking notes will find less difficulties to write down report text as teacher requires. Therefore, teacher should equipped students by academic writing skill particularly about taking notes. Reading a lot and keep on writing are the best way to achieve those abilities. Keywords: reading, writing, taking notes, report text.
Espaço vazio entre tambores
Authors: Marko Ana Julia , Pupo Maria Lucia de Souza Barros 
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo discute a retomada da prática afro peruana Son de los diablos (Som dos diabos) pelo Grupo Yuyachkani, que desde o Peru-Colônia é ameaçada pelos projetos civilizatórios de branqueamento e esquecimento dos modos dissidentes de habitar o mundo. A partir do diálogo com autores que discutem práticas contra-coloniais, o texto pretende contribuir para os estudos das batalhas pelas memórias não ocidentais da América Latina.
Effect of Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance
Authors: Sari Indah Maha , Anugrah Rita , Nasir Azwir 
Published: November 2020

This research was conducted to find out effect of independent commissioner, audit committee, and corporate social responsibility on financial performance at Index Kompas 100 in in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2016-2018. Index Kompas 100 company has high market capitalization value, so it is suitable for use as a population. Samples were determined using the purposive sampling method. Research using multiple linear analyses. This research prove that independent commissioner, audit committee, corporate social responsibility have a influence on financial performance.
Maternal Gut Microbiota Transplantation Undermined the Lipid and Glucose Metabolism of Newborns in a Piglet Model
Authors: Zhou Hua , Sun Jing , Liu Zuohua , Chen Hong , Ge Liangpeng , Yu Bing , Chen Daiwen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe present study was conducted to explore the maternal gut microbiota transplantation on the lipid and glucose metabolism of newborns in a piglet model. Six hysterectomy-derived germ-free (GF) Bama piglets were reared in three sterile isolators and were orally inoculated with healthy sow fecal suspension on day 7 after birth, which considers as fecal microbiota transplanted (FMT) group. Another six piglets from a natural birth and reared in conventional (CV) environments was regarded as CV group. The FMT piglets were hand-fed Co60-γ-irradiated sterile milk powder, CV piglets were reared by lactating Bama sows and both were weaned at day 21. Then, all piglets were housed separately and fed sterile feed for another 21 days. ResultsWe observed that transplanted with sow fecal microbiota increased the content of lipid in liver (P < 0.05), and upregulated the mRNA abundances of genes related to lipid anabolism and catabolism in liver and longissimus dorsi of newborn piglets (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the concentrations of adiponectin, GLP-1, and insulin in serum and the activity of CPT-1 in liver were lower in FMT piglets (P < 0.05). Besides, transplanted with sow fecal microbiota enhanced the concentration of glycogen in liver (P < 0.05), while upregulated the mRNA expressions of genes related to glycogenesis and glycogenolysis in liver and longissimus dorsi of newborn piglets (P < 0.05). Moreover, the pathway of AMPK was stimulated by sow fecal microbiota transplantation (P < 0.10). In addition, the microbial structure between FMT and CV piglets was marked differently (P < 0.05). Furthermore, transplanted with sow fecal microbiota markedly activated the metabolic pathway of bile secretion in newborn piglets (P < 0.05). ConclusionsCollectively, healthy sow gut microbiota transplanted to newborn germ-free piglets might undermine the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism, and increased the content of lipid, and decreased the concentration of glycogen in liver. It is concluded that transplanted with maternal gut microbiota might induce diseases related to glucose and lipid metabolism in newborns.