bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent postoperative pain and healthcare costs associated with instrumented and non-instrumented spinal surgery: a case-control study
Authors: Weir Sharada , Samnaliev Mihail , Kuo Tzu-Chun , Tierney Travis S. , Manca Andrea , Taylor Rod S. , Bruce Julie , Eldabe Sam , Cumming David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose. To compare rates of persistent postoperative pain (PPP) after lumbar spine surgery—commonly known as Failed Back Surgery Syndrome—and healthcare costs for instrumented lumbar spinal fusion versus decompression/discectomy. Methods. UK population-based healthcare data from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database from NHS Digital and the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) were queried to identify patients with PPP following lumbar spinal surgery. Rates of PPP were calculated by type of surgery (instrumented and non-instrumented). Total healthcare costs associated with the surgery and covering the 24 month period after index hospital discharge were estimated using standard methods for classifying health care encounters into major categories of health care resource utilization (i.e., inpatient hospital stays, outpatient clinic visits, accident and emergency attendances, primary care encounters, and medications prescribed in primary care) and applying the appropriate unit costs (expressed in 2013 GBP). Results. Increasing the complexity of surgery with instrumentation was not associated with an increased rate of PPP. However, 2-year healthcare costs following discharge after surgery are significantly higher among patients who underwent instrumented surgery compared with decompression/discectomy. Conclusions. Although there is a not insubstantial risk of ongoing pain following spine surgery, with 1-in-5 patients experiencing PPP within two years of surgery, the choice of surgical procedure does not, by itself, appear to be a driving factor.
Reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) due to acute intermittent porphyria with a novel mutation in the hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene
Authors: li xiaoqing , han fei , chen qianlong , zhu tienan , zhao yongqiang , yu xuezhong , zhu huadong , cao jian , yang jing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) is a clinico-radiological syndrome characterized by the presence of reversible lesions specifically involving the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC). The cause of RESLES is unknown. However, infectious-related mild encephalitis/encephalopathy (MERS) with a reversible splenial lesion remains the most common cause of reversible splenial lesions. Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a partial deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD), the third enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. It can affect the autonomic, peripheral, and central nervous system. Result: In this study, we report a 20-year-old woman with AIP who presented with MRI manifestations suggestive of RESLES, she had a novel HMBS nonsense mutation, a G to A mutation in base 594, which changed tryptophan to a stop codon (W198*). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is only one published case of RELES associated with AIP.
Radiographic and clinical outcome of lumbar lateral interbody fusion for extreme lumbar spinal stenosis of Schizas grade D: a retrospective study
Authors: Li Jun , Li Hao , Ning Zhang , Wang Zhi-wei , Zhao Teng-fei , Chen Lin-wei , Chen Gang , Chen Qi-xin , Li Fang-cai 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Extreme lumbar spinal stenosis was thought to be a relative contraindication for lumbar lateral interbody fusion (LLIF) and was excluded in most studies. This is a retrospective study to analyze the radiographic and clinical outcome of LLIF for extreme lumbar spinal stenosis of Schizas grade D.Methods: For radiographic analysis, we included 202 segments from 124 patients who underwent LLIF between June 2017 and December 2018. Lumbar spinal stenosis was graded according to Schizas’ classification. Anterior and posterior disc heights, disc angle, foramen height, spinal canal diameter and central canal area were measured on CT and MRI. For clinical analysis, 18 patients with at least one segment of grade D were included. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores were used to evaluate clinical outcome. Continuous variables were confronted by using Student's t-test, obtaining a statistically significant difference for values inferior to 0.05.Results: Among the 202 segments included for radiological evaluation, there were 42 grade A segments, 41 grade B segments, 101 grade C segments and 18 grade D segments. Postoperatively, the average change of midsagittal canal diameter of grade D was significantly greater than that of grade A, and not significantly different compared to grades B and C. As to the average changes of disc height, bilateral foraminal height, disc angle and central canal area (CCA), grade D was not significantly different from the others. The average postoperative CCA of grade D was significantly smaller than the average preoperative CCA of grade C. Eighteen patients with grade D stenosis were followed up for an average of 19.61 ± 6.32 months. Clinical evaluation revealed an average improvement in the ODI and VAS scores for back and leg pain by 20.77%, 3.67 and 4.15 points, respectively. Sixteen of 18 segments with grade D underwent posterior decompression.Conclusion: The radiographic decompression effect of LLIF for Schizas grade D segments were comparable with that of other grades. Posterior decompression was necessary for LLIF to achieve a satisfactory clinical outcome for extreme lumbar spinal stenosis of Schizas grade D.
Intracellular toxic advanced glycation end-products (TAGE) in myoblasts may cause sarcopenia: Research article of a non-clinical study
Authors: Takata Takanobu , Sakasai-Sakai Akiko , Takeuchi Masayoshi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia is a progressive disease that is characterized by decreases in skeletal muscle mass and function. Skeletal muscle consists of myotubes that differentiated from myoblasts. Although sarcopenia is associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We considered that glyceraldehyde (GA), a glucose/fructose metabolism intermediate, plays a crucial role in sarcopenia. We previously designated GA-derived advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) as toxic AGEs (TAGE) because of their cytotoxicity and involvement in lifestyle-related diseases (LSRD), such as NASH and T2DM. We hypothesized that TAGE induce cytotoxicity in myoblasts.
Methods: C2C12 cells, which are murine myoblasts, were treated with 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mM GA for 24 h, and cell viability and intracellular TAGE were measured using WST-8 and slot blot assays. Cells were pretreated with 8 mM aminoguanidine (AG), an inhibitor of AGE production, for 2 h followed by 0, 1.5, and 2 mM GA for 24 h. Cell viability and intracellular TAGE were then measured. Serum TAGE levels in STAM mice, in which there were four stages (pre-simple steatosis, simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis), were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results were expressed as TAGE units (U) per milliliter of serum, with 1 U corresponding to 1.0 μg of GA-derived AGE-bovine serum albumin (BSA) (TAGE-BSA). The viabilities of cells treated with 20 μg/mL non-glycated BSA (NG-BSA) and TAGE-BSA for 24 h were assessed using the WST-8 assay.
Results: In C2C12 cells treated with 1.5 and 2 mM GA, cell viability decreased to 47.7 and 5.0% and intracellular TAGE increased to 6.0 and 15.9 μg/mg protein, respectively. Decreases in cell viability and TAGE production were completely inhibited by 8 mM AG. Serum TAGE levels at the steatohepatitis and fibrosis stages were 10.51 ±1.16 and 10.44±0.95 U/mL, respectively, and increased from the pre-simple steatosis stage. The viabilities of C2C12 cells treated with 20 μg/mL NG-BSA and TAGE-BSA were 99.7 and 88.3%, respectively.
Conclusion: Intracellular TAGE were generated in C2C12 cells and induced cell death more strongly than extracellular TAGE. Intracellular TAGE in myoblasts may cause sarcopenia in patients with LSRD.
Analysis of lifetime death probabilities for major death causes among residents in China
Authors: Yuan Ping , Xiang Jianjun , Chen Tiehui , Lin Xiuquan , Peng Xianer , Zheng Kuicheng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Cumulative mortality rate and cumulative risk are the two commonly used indicators at present to measure the significance and severity of diseases, while both of them have limitations and cannot represent the life-time death probability. This study aims to use a new indicator, lifetime death probability (LDP), to estimate the lifetime death probabilities for the top five leading causes of death in China and explore the regional differences and trends over time. Methods: The LDPs were calculated using a probability additive formula and an abridged life table. Results: In 2014, the LDPs for heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, malignant tumor, respiratory disease, and injury and poisoning were 24.4%, 23.7%, 19.2%, 15.5%, and 5.3%, respectively. Compared to 2004-2005, the LDPs for heart disease and malignant tumor in 2014 increased 7.3% and 0.5%, respectively. In contrast, the LDPs for cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases in 2014 were 1.0% and 3.9% respectively lower than that in 2004-2005. In the eastern region, malignant tumors had the highest LDP among the five diseases, while in the central and western regions they were ‘cerebrovascular and heat diseases’ and ‘respiratory diseases, and injury and poisoning’, respectively. Conclusions: LDP is an effective indicator for comparing health outcomes, which can be applied in future disease surveillance. Heart disease and cancer are the two major lifetime risks of death in China, but with regional differences. There is a need to take targeted preventive measures to prevent diseases in different regions.
Intra-carotid arterial transfusion of circulatory-derived autologous CD34+ cells in rodent after ischemic stroke — evaluate the impact of therapeutic time points on prognostic outcomes
Authors: Lin Kun-Chen , Chai Han-Tan , Chen Kuan-Hung , Sung Pei‐Hsun , Chiang John Y. , Shao Pei-Lin , Huang Chi-Ruei , Li Yi-Chen , Ko Sheung-Fat , Yip Hon-Kan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background This study tested the optimal time point for left intra-carotid arterial (LICA) administration of circulatory-derived autologous endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) for improving the outcome in rat after acute ischemic stroke (IS). Methods and Results Adult-male SD rats (n=70) were equally categorized into group 1 (sham-operated control), group 2 (IS), group 3 (IS+EPCs/1.2x10 6 cells/by LICA administration 3h after IS), group 4 (IS+EPCs/LICA administration post-day-3 IS), group 5 (IS+EPCs/LICA administration post-day-7 IS), group 6 (IS+EPCs/LICA administration post-day 14-IS) and group 7 (IS+EPCs/LICA administration post-day-28 IS). The brain-infarct volume (at day 60/MRI) was lowest in group 1, highest in group 2 and significantly progressively increased from groups 3 to 7, whereas among the IS animals, the neurological function (i.e., by corner test) was significantly preserved in groups 3 to 6 than in groups 2 and 7 post-day-60 IS (all p<0.0001). By day 60, the endothelial markers at protein (CD31/vWF) and cellular levels (CD31+/vWF+), and number of small vessels exhibited an opposite pattern of BIV among the groups (all p<0.0001). The protein (IL-1ß/TNF-α/p-NF-κB/MMP-9) and cellular (GFAP+/microglial+) inflammatory levels, oxidative stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/oxidized protein/p22phox), autophagic (LC3B-III/LC3B-I/Beclin-1/Atg-5) and apoptotic (mitochondrial-Bax/caspase-3/PARP), were highest in group 2, lowest in group 1 and progressively increased from groups 3 to 7 (all p<0.0001). The angiogenesis biomarkers at protein (VEGF/SDF-1α/CXCR4) and cellular (SDF-1α+/CXCR4+) levels were significantly progressively increased from groups 1 to 3, then significantly progressively decreased from groups 3 to 7 (all p<0.0001).Conclusion Early EPC administration provided better benefits on improving functional/image/molecular-cellular outcomes after acute IS in rat.
The estimation of transmitted drug resistance mutation strains probability in the treatment of HIV using the Beta-Binomial model
Authors: Haankuku Urban , Njuho Peter 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a viral infection that destroys the human immune system resulting in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The Zambia HIV prevalence rate is among the highest in the sub-Saharan Africa. With no HIV vaccine and cure for HIV/AIDS, the antiretroviral (ARV) therapy that slows the spread of the virus remains the only option. The administration of ARV has challenges of Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutation strains (TDRMs) in the treatment of HIV naïve patients. To address these challenges, we propose use of transition probabilities when prescribing a switch from first-line to second-line or to third-line regimen on ARV drugs combination. Methods We formulate a statistical technique for determining an optimal ARV drugs combination. Using data from the Zambia National Health Research Authority, we compute transition probability matrix chart on ARV therapy combination of the first and second baseline regimens using a Beta-Binomial Hierarchical model. We check parameter convergence using history and density plots, and check model adequacy using the deviation information criteria. Results The estimates converge to the fitted model as demonstrated by the history and density plots. The transition probability matrices corresponding to, TDF+ETC+NVP, TDF+FTC+EFV, AZT+3TC+NVP, AZT+3TC+EFV, D4T+3TC+NVP and D4T+3TC+EFV provide an upper triangular matrix of the probabilities. We observe a higher probability of remaining in the same regimen state than that of moving to another state. The computed transition probability matrix chart aid in deciding on the most effective combination to prescribe to a patient, in the presence of TDRM test results. Based on transition probabilities TDF+ETC+NVP, TDF+FTC+EFV, AZT+3TC+EFV and D4T+3TC+EFV cannot be prescribed to the patients who test K101 E and 115Y F strains. The available option to the patients’ remains either AZT + 3TC + NVP or D4T + 3TC + NVP. Combination AZT + 3TC + NVP with success probability of 0.97027 should be prescribed to the patient. Conclusion The transmission probabilities play a major role in aiding the physicians make an informed decision when prescribing an optimal drug combination. All newly diagnosed HIV individuals should have a TDRM test before any prescription on ARV therapy combination is made.
The Prevalence of Shiga toxin-1 in Shigella spp. Isolates Collected from Diarrhea Patients, Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Mahdian Nahid , Gheysarzadeh Ali , Valadbeigi Hassan , Maleki Abbas , Sadeghifard Norkhoda 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveShigellosis as one of the substantial causative agents of microbial dysentery still has a remarkable prevalence in areas with poor hygienic infrastructures. The probable existence of the deadly Shiga toxin-1(Stx1) in some Shigella strains would manifest life-threatening clinical symptoms of the infection. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Stx1 in isolated from patients with diarrhea. ResultsTotally, 227 Shigella species including 60 S. flexneri, 157 S. sonnei, and 10 S. boydii were collected from diarrheal patients in tropical infectious diseases research center of Ahvaz, Iran, from 2013 to 2015. The isolates were collected mostly from the intensive care unit, infectious disease, and surgery department. The isolates were identified and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the stx gene. The results indicated that none of them encode the stx gene. In conclusion, isolates of this study were not capable of stx1 encoding.
Locoregional recurrence patterns in women with breast cancer who have not undergone post-mastectomy radiotherapy
Authors: Zhao Xuran , Tang Yu , Wang Shulian , Yang Yong , Fang Hui , Wang Jianyang , Jing Hao , Zhang Jianghu , Sun Guangyi , Chen Siye , Jin Jing , Song Yongwen , Liu Yueping , Chen Bo , Qi Shunan , Li Ning , Tang Yuan , Lu Ningning , Ren Hua , Li Ye-Xiong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: To analyze the patterns of locoregional recurrence in breast cancer patients after mastectomy.Methods: The retrospective study included 7073 women with breast cancer without post-mastectomy radiotherapy: 4604 (65.1%) had pT1-2N0 disease (low risk); 2042 (28.9%), pT1-2N1 (intermediate risk); and 427 (6.0%), pT3-4 and/or pN2-3, or pT1-2N1 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (high risk). The distribution of cumulative locoregional recurrence was analyzed. The local recurrence and regional recurrence rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were compared with the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox logistic regression analysis.Results: In the median follow-up of 63.0 months, 469 patients had locoregional recurrence: chest wall recurrence in 238 cases (50.7%), supraclavicular/infraclavicular nodes in 236 (50.3%) cases, axilla in 92 (19.6%), and internal mammary nodes in 50 (10.7%) cases. The 5-year local recurrence and regional recurrence rates were 2.5% and 4.4%, respectively. Subgroup analysis of the three risk groups and five molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B-Her2 negative, luminal B-Her2 positive, Her2-enriched, and triple negative) also showed that the chest wall and supraclavicular/infraclavicular nodes were the most common recurrence sites. Age, tumor location, T stage, N stage, and hormone receptor status were independent prognostic factors for both local recurrence and regional recurrence (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The chest wall and supraclavicular/infraclavicular nodes are common sites of locoregional recurrence in breast cancer, irrespective of disease stage or molecular subtype, and the prognostic factors for local recurrence and regional recurrence are similar. Therefore, chest wall and supraclavicular/infraclavicular nodes irradiation should always be considered in post-mastectomy radiotherapy.
Ubiquitin specific peptidase 53 inhibits the occurrence and development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma through NF-κB pathway inactivation
Authors: Gui Dingwen , Dong Zhufeng , Peng Wei , Jiang Weidong , Huang Geng , Liu Gang , Ye Zhihua , Wang Yang , Xu Zuwei , Fu Jinlun , Luo Shuai , Zhao Yunfei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant diseases in the urinary system with more than 140,000 related deaths annually. The lack of effective tumor biomarkers and understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this disease make the difficulty in the diagnosis and treatment. Ubiquitination-deubiquitination homeostasis is an important factor in ccRCC progression, ubiquitin specific peptidase 53 (USP53) belongs to the family of deubiquitinating enzymes, but its functions are rarely reported. Methods Databases obtained from GEO and TCGA were analyzed to reveal the role of USP53 in ccRCC. CCK-8/BrdU and EDU assays were used to detect the proliferation of ccRCC after USP53 overexpression or knockdown. Tumor xenograft experiment was used to verify the effect of clone formation of ccRCC after USP53 knockdown. Transwell assays were used to detect the metastasis of ccRCC after USP53 overexpression or knockdown. RNA sequencing and western blot analysis were employed to detect the change of genes after USP53 overexpression and knockdown. Results USP53 expression was down-regulated in ccRCC tissues and USP53 expression was significantly negative correlated with the tumor progression and clinical prognosis. The ability of growth and metastasis of ccRCC was inhibited after USP53 overexpression. And USP53 knockdown promoted ccRCC growth and metastasis. Moreover USP53 knockdown promoted the ability of clone formation of ccRCC in vivo . NF-κB signaling pathway significantly enriched and down regulated in USP53 overexpressed cells. And genes in the NF-κB pathway (such as IL1B, CXCL1-3, RELA, RELB, etc.) were obviously down regulated in USP53 overexpressed cells. USP53 overexpression decreased the phosphorylation of IKKβ and P65 in both Caki-1 and 786-O cells. And the expression of IκBα was increased. Phosphorylation of IKKβ and P65 was increased in both Caki-1 and 786-O cells after USP53 knockdown. Conclusion In summary, our data showed that USP53 inhibit ccRCC proliferation and metastasis through NF-κB pathway inactivation. The overexpression of USP53 is accompanied by changes in many inflammatory genes in the NF pathway. These findings may help better understand the pathogenesis of ccRCC and introduce new potential therapeutic targets for kidney cancer patients.
High-temperature requirement factor A1 rs11200638 polymorphism and age-related macular degenerative from a comprehensive analysis about 15316 subjects
Authors: Liu Ying , Jin Huipeng , Wei Dong , Li Wenxiu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The high-temperature requirement factor A1 (HTRA1) gene at the 10q26 locus has been associated with age-related macular degenerative (AMD) risk, with the significantly associated polymorphism being (rs11200638, -625G/A), however, above association is not consistent. We investigated an updated meta-analysis to evaluate the association between rs11200638 polymorphism and AMD risk thoroughly addressing this issue. Methods An identification was covered with the Pubmed and Chinese Wanfang databases through 27th Jan, 2020. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the strength of associations. After a thorough and meticulous search, 35 different articles (33 case-control studies with HWE, 22 case-control studies about wet/dry AMD) were retrieved. Results Individuals carrying A-allele or AA genotype may have an increased risk to be AMD disease. For example, there has a significantly increased relationship between rs11200638 polymorphism and AMD both for Asians (OR: 2.50, 95%CI: 2.22-2.80 for A-allele vs. G-allele) and Caucasians (OR: 2.11, 95%CI: 1.43-3.13 for A-allele vs. G-allele). Moreover, a similar trend in the source of control subgroup was detected. To classify the type of AMD, increased association was also observed in both wet (OR: 3.40, 95%CI: 2.90-3.99 for dominant model) and dry (OR: 2.08, 95%CI: 1.24-3.48 for dominant model) AMD. Finally, based on the different genotyping methods, increased relationships were identified by sequencing, TaqMan, PCR-RFLP. Conclusions Our present meta-analysis suggests that the HTRA1 rs11200638 polymorphism are potentially associated with the risk of AMD development, especially about individuals carrying A-allele or AA genotype, who may be as identified targets to detect and intervene in advance. Further studies using larger sample sizes and including information about gene-environment interactions should be conducted to elucidate.