bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergen-specific Immunotherapy for Inhalant Allergens in Children
Authors: Caffarelli Carlo , Cangemi Jessica , Mastrorilli Carla , Giannetti Arianna , Ricci Giampaolo 
Published: November 2019

:
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) for aeroallergens consists of the administration
of standardized allergen extracts to patients with respiratory IgE-mediated diseases to the same allergen
in order to achieve immune tolerance to the allergen and prevent the onset of symptoms.
AIT is usually delivered by sublingual (SLIT), subcutaneous (SCIT) route. AIT with one or multiple
allergens currently represents the only causal treatment able to change the natural history of allergic
airway diseases. Significant progresses have been made in terms of AIT efficacy and safety.

:
In this paper, mechanisms of action, indication and side effects of allergen immunotherapy are reviewed.

:
SLIT and SCIT have been found to be effective in the treatment of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis
due to inhalant allergens. The route of AIT administration should be selected on availability, cost
(dependent from the local health system), tolerability (better for SLIT), patient’s preference (injections
are less accepted in young children), and adherence (higher for SCIT beyond pediatric age).
However, it should be taken into account that metanalyses on AIT do not consider that effectiveness
and safety depend upon the product chosen for treatment. Each product should be separately
assessed to avoid generalization on administration routes or age group that may affect the decision.
Benefits of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with COPD with Use and without the Use of Supplemental Oxygen During Exercise
Authors: Peña Jhonatan Betancourt , Ávila Valencia Juan Carlos , Assis Jorge Karim , Gutiérrez Hugo Hurtado , Córdoba Vicente Benavides 
Published: November 2019

Objective:To determine the effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation program in patients with COPD who use and do not use supplemental oxygen during exercise.Materials and Methods:Prospective longitudinal descriptive study on 59 patients with COPD who were part of a pulmonary rehabilitation program and who were classified into two groups: a group that required supplemental oxygen during rehabilitation and another that did not.Results:31 patients were linked to the group that used oxygen during rehabilitation and 28 patients who did not use it. The average age was 69.1 ± 10.6 years old. The mMRC dyspnea decreased 0.7 ± 0.2 (p = 0.000) in the group that used oxygen and 0.8 ± 0.1 (p = 0.000) in the group that did not use it. The distance increased 45.9 meters ± 7.2 (p = 0.000) in the group that used oxygen and 65.2 meters ± 16.3 (p = 0.001) in the group that did not use it.Conclusion:Both groups showed significant improvements in dyspnea and aerobic capacity, however, there was a greater increase in the group that did not use oxygen.
Meta-analysis and Approach of the Real Impact of Anorexigenic Drugs in the Obesity in Humans: The Last Five Years of the Randomized Studies
Authors: Garcia Ramirez Ana Valéria , Filho Durval Ribas , Zotarelli Filho Idiberto José 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Obesity shows a multifactorial disease and presents a serious public health
problem, with an alarming epidemic character. According to NHANES (National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey) from 2015 to 2016, 39.6% of American adults and 18.5% of young people were
obese and 7.7% of adults and 5.6% of young people had severe obesity. Brazil ranks fifth in the world
ranking, with about 18 million people reaching up to 70 million overweight individuals. Despite shortterm
weight loss with diet and exercise, weight regain continues to be a concern. Anti-obesity drugs,
such as Sibutramine (SIB), Phentermine (PHEN), Fenproporex (FEN), Mazindol (MAZ), Amfepramone
(AMFE) and Orlistat (ORL) may play a role in weight reduction in patients whose condition
is refractory to non- and maintenance of weight loss.

Objective:
A systematic review followed by meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials over the past
five years to explore the efficacy and safety of anorexigenic drugs for weight reduction and consequent
treatment of obesity.

Methods:
The search strategy in MEDLINE / Pubmed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect Journals (Elsevier),
Scopus (Elsevier), OneFile (Gale) is as follows : - search for mesh terms (Sibutramine, Phentermine,
Fenproporex, Mazindol, Amfepramone , Orlistat, Weight loss, Safety), and the use of booleans
"and" between mesh terms and "or" among historical findings.

Results:
It was observed that in the last five years of randomized studies no significant general complications
were found, with only 5.7%. The mean overall weight loss was 6.18 (± 2.8) kg in the mean time
of 12 months. The overall success rate among these drugs was 80.18%. The p-value values did not present
a significant statistical difference, being p <0.05 within each drug group analyzed, for both weight
and success rates.

Conclusion:
The scientific findings of randomized studies on the use of anorexigenic drugs to treat
obesity have shown safety and efficiency in the last five years, with a reasonable weight loss and no
significant complications.
A Study on Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity Comparison of Novel Stilbenebenzamide Compounds
Authors: Kładna Aleksandra , Berczyński Paweł , Dündar Oya B. , Kruk Irena , Torun Beyza , Aboul-Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Stilbene phytalexis (1,2-diphenyloethylen) and benzamide are beneficial
for human health. To increase the stilbene ring activity, a new series of its derivatives containing
benzamide structure was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant power.
Methods:

Methods:
1H nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, and chromatographic analyses were
used to confirm the successful synthesis. The antioxidant properties were determined by the elimination
of O2˙-, HO˙ , DPPH˙ , ABTS+˙ radicals, total antioxidant status (TAS) and the ferric
reducing antioxidant activities (TAC) measurements.

Results:
Stilbenebenzamide compounds showed a wide spectrum of antioxidant ability; however,
their total antioxidant power was weaker than those of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbic
acid, and resveratrol. The highest antiradical activity towards O2˙ and HO˙ was shown by the
compounds with structures containing amine group (SBEBA, SBA) (O2˙: 37.7 – 38.0% and 40.8
– 43.5%, HO˙ : 29.8%, 28.7% inhibition, respectively) at1.25 mM concentration. The antiradical
power of SBEBA (0.29) in DPPH˙ assay was lower than those of resveratrol (1.83), ascorbic acid
(3.63) and BHT (4.09). The TAS values of the synthesized compounds ranged from 152.9±5.3 to
240.2±6.7μM trolox equivalent/gram (TE/g) and were much lower than those of BHT
(1304±43.0), reservatrol (1360±29.0) and ascorbic acid (2782±39.7) μM TE/g. Similarly, the TAC
values ranging from 29.7±0.9 to 41.5±1.6 μM TE were weaker than that of resveratrol (239.2 ±6.7
μM TE/g).

Conclusion:
The results suggest that the presence of the hydroxyl group in the stilbene ring should
be considered in the further design of stilbenebenzamide compounds to enhance their antioxidant
activity.
In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil and its Fractions in Liver and Oral Cancer Cells
Authors: Verma Poonam , Naik Sanjukta , Nanda Pranati , Banerjee Silvi , Naik Satyanarayan , Ghosh Amit 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Coconut oil is an edible oil obtained from fresh, mature coconut kernels. Few studies
have reported the anticancer role of coconut oil. The fatty acid component of coconut oil directly targets the
liver by portal circulation and as chylomicron via lymph. However, the anti-cancer activity of coconut oil
against liver cancer cells and oral cancer cells is yet to be tested. The active component of coconut oil, that is
responsible for the anticancer activity is not well understood. In this study, three different coconut oils, Virgin
Coconut Oil (VCO), Processed Coconut Oil (PCO) and Fractionated Coconut Oil (FCO), were used.

Objective:
Based on previous studies, it can be hypothesized that fatty acids in coconut oil may have anticancer
potential and may trigger cell death in cancer cell lines.

Methods:
Each cell line was treated with different concentrations of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), Processed
Coconut Oil (PCO) and Fractionated Coconut Oil (FCO). The treated cells were assayed by MTT after 72 hr of
incubation. The fatty acid composition of different coconut oils was analyzed by gas chromatography.

Result:
Different concentrations of coconut oils were used to treat the cells. Interestingly, the anticancer efficacy
of VCO, PCO and FCO was not uniform, rather the efficacy varied from cell line to cell line. Only 20% VCO
showed significant anticancer activity in HepG2 cells in comparison to 80% PCO against the KB cell line. Remarkably,
20% of PCO and 5% of FCO showed potential growth inhibition in the KB cell line as compared to
80% PCO in HepG2 cells. Moreover, there was a difference in the efficacy of VCO, PCO and FCO, which
might be due to their fatty acid composition. Comparing the anticancer efficacy of VCO, PCO and FCO in this
study helped to predict which class of fatty acids and which fatty acid might be associated with the anticancer
activity of VCO.

Conclusion:
This study shows that VCO, PCO and FCO have anticancer efficacy and may be used for the
treatment of cancer, especially liver and oral cancer.
p-Cymene Modulate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Murine Macrophages: Potential Implication in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Wu Tong , Mazhar Zahra , Alsayrafi Dhuha , Garelnabi Mahdi 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
p-Cymene (p-CYM) is a common chemical used in air fresheners.

Objective:
The study was designed to investigate the molecular effect of p-CYM on macrophages.

Materials and Methods:
Macrophages (RAW 264.7) were treated with p-CYM (50 uM/L, 150 uM/L
and 250 uM/L) for 6 hours, and 24 hours). Gene involved in inflammation, such as the Tumor Necrosis
Factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and other genes
known for their antioxidant activity such as the Paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) were analyzed.

Results:
Cells treated with p-CYM have shown 30% up-regulation of MCP-1 after 24 hour of exposure;
and also a differential up-regulation of TNF-α. However, treatment with p-CYM has resulted in
a considerable (37%) dose-dependent downregulation of PON-1 after 24 hours of exposure. PON-1
is known for its antioxidant properties protecting High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) from oxidation.

Conclusion::
Our findings demonstrate that exposure to p-CYM over time promotes oxidative stress
by downregulating antioxidants genes as shown in PON-1 and also stimulates inflammation, a key
process during the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.
Cannabidiol Partially Blocks the Excessive Sleepiness in Hypocretindeficient Rats: Preliminary Data
Authors: Murillo-Rodríguez Eric , Millán-Aldaco Diana , Palomero-Rivero Marcela , Morales-Lara Daniela , Mechoulam Raphael , Drucker-Colín René 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy are among the symptoms of narcolepsy,
a sleep disorder caused by the loss of hypocretin/orexin (HCRT/OX) neurons placed into the
Hypothalamus (LH). Several treatments for managing narcolepsy include diverse drugs to induce
alertness, such as antidepressants, amphetamine, or modafinil, etc. Recent evidence has shown that
cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic derived from Cannabis sativa, shows positive therapeutic effects
in neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson´s disease. Furthermore, CBD provokes
alertness and enhances wake-related neurochemicals in laboratory animals. Thus, it is plausible to hypothesize
that excessive somnolence observed in narcolepsy might be blocked by CBD.

Objective:
Here, we determined whether the systemic injection of CBD (5mg/kg, i.p.) would block the
excessive sleepiness in a narcoleptic model.

Methods:
To test this idea, the neurotoxin hypocretin-2-saporin (HCRT2/SAP) was bilaterally injected
into the LH of rats to eliminate HCRT leading to the establishment of narcoleptic-like behavior. Since
excessive somnolence in HCRT2/SAP lesioned rats has been observed during the lights-off period,
CBD was administered at the beginning of the dark phase.

Results:
Hourly analysis of sleep data showed that CBD blocked the sleepiness during the lights-off
period across 7h post-injection in lesioned rats.

Conclusion:
Taking together, these preliminary findings suggest that CBD might prevent sleepiness in
narcolepsy.
Cytotoxic Constituents from the Bark of Erythrina poeppigiana Against the MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Herlina Tati , Merlin  , Azlan Mohd. , Supratman Unang 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Erythrina poeppigiana (Leguminosae) is a high-growing plant with an orange
flower that is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries. This particular plant is
widely used in traditional medicine for gynecological complications and the treatment of various
diseases. There exists no previous information regarding cytotoxic compounds from this plant.

Objective:
This research is to isolate cytotoxic compounds from E. poeppigiana.

Methods:
The isolation step was carried out using a combination of chromatographic techniques to
obtain isolated three compounds (1, 2, and 3).

Results:
The chemical structure of isolated compounds was elucidated by spectroscopic methods and
identified as β-erythroidine (1), 8-oxo-β-erythroidine (2), and 8-oxo-α-erythroidine (3). Compounds
(1-3) showed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 breast cancer line with IC50 values of 36.8, 60.8 and
875.4 μM, respectively.

Conclusion:
Three compounds have been successfully isolated from Erythrina poeppigiana (Leguminosae),
showing cytotoxic properties against MCF-7 breast cancer line. Structure-activity relationship
studies showed that the presence of enone moiety on compound 1 can reduce its cytotoxic activity
towards MCF-7 breast cancer line.
Substrate Integrated Waveguide Based Bandpass Filter with Defected Ground Structure for FMCW Radar Application
Authors: Mahant Keyur , Mewada Hiren 
Published: November 2019

Aims :
Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) based bandpass filter is presented in this
paper.

Objectives:
In the proposed design, bandpass response is achieved by combining SIW structure
with elliptic shaped Defected Ground Structure (DGS) cells.

Methods :
Simulation of the proposed structure is carried out using commercial software Ansoft
High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), which is a three-dimensional frequency domain
electromagnetic solver based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). Analysis of three different
types of DGS cells including rectangular, circular and elliptical has been carried out. Moreover,
Frequency tuning is also carried out by changing the dimension of DGS.

Result :
Proposed filter is fabricated on the dielectric material RT duroid 5880 with the dielectric
constant ɛεr=2.2, dissipation factor tanδ=4 x 10-4 and height h= 0.508 mm. The measured return
loss of 25.71 dB and insertion loss of 1.24 dB with 3 dB Fractional Bandwidth (FBW) of 4.8% at
the center frequency of 7 GHz.

Conclusion :
Good agreements are observed between the experimental results and the simulations.
The Potential Role of Claudins in Regulation of Metastasis and Development of Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer
Authors: Patadia Hemantkumar , Priyadarshini Ankita , Ranade Jay , Gangawane Ajit 
Published: November 2019

Background:Breast Cancer is a recurrent problem across the world. According to a report, breast cancer has the second highest mortality rate in women globally. Despite having an advanced degree of chemotherapy, resistance is developed against the therapies. Studies showed that anthracyclins like doxorubicin used in the treatment of breast cancer are found to develop resistance, which is not easy to identify. Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene P53 are associated with the primary resistance to doxorubicin and thus inducing an early relapse of breast tumors. Resistance against Doxorubicin is not identifiable easily. Development of resistance and metastasis of tumors are the two processes that cannot be separated from each other. It is widely known that endothelium has a major role in controlling metastasis and tumor cell invasion. Endothelial cells express different adhesion molecules during recruitment of leukocytes in localized area, which is called leukocyte extravasation or diapedesis, or leukocyte trans endothelial migration (LEM). LEM (leukocyte trans endothelial migration) plays crucial role in the inflammation of breast cancer tissues.Objective:Predicting the role of deregulation of claudins in leukocyte trans endothelial migration in breast cancer metastasis and resistance.Method:The breast cancer proteomic metadata was collected and compared among the common candidates. The enrichment analysis of those common candidates was performed using a network analyst.Result:The analysis of breast cancer genes obtained from dbDEPC showed probable involvement of 4 candidate genes belonging to the claudin family. Claudins are responsible for the migration of an increased amount of leukocytes in the breast tumor region, which increases the inflammation and may contribute to worsening the disease progression.Conclusion:We believe these candidates also contribute in the development of resistance to chemotherapy.
Lung Cancer Prediction Using Random Forest
Authors: Rajini A. , Jabbar M.A. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
In recent years, lung cancer is a common cancer across the globe. For the
early prediction of lung cancer, medical practitioners and researchers require an efficient predictive
model, which will reduce the number of deaths. This paper proposes a lung cancer prediction model
by using the Random Forest Classifier, which aims at analyzing symptoms (gender, age, air pollution,
weight loss, etc.).

Objective:
This work addresses the problem of classification of lung cancer data using the Random
Forest Algorithm. Random Forest is the most accurate learning algorithm and many researchers in
the healthcare domain use it.

Method:
This paper deals with the prediction of lung cancer by using Random Forest Classifier.

Results:
Proposed method (Random Forest Classifier) applied on two lung cancer datasets, achieved an accuracy of 100% for the lung cancer dataset-1 and 96.31 on dataset-2. In the prediction of lung cancer, the random forest has shown improved accuracy compared with other methods.

Conclusion:
This predictive model will help health professionals in predicting lung cancer at an early stage.
What College Students Post About Depression on Facebook and the Support They Perceive: Content Analysis
Authors: Cash Scottye , Schwab-Reese Laura Marie , Zipfel Erin , Wilt Megan , Moreno Megan 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundCollege students frequently use social media sites to connect with friends. Increasingly, research suggests college students and other young adults seek mental health-related support on social media, which may present a unique venue for intervention.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine college students’ perceptions about displaying feelings of depression on Facebook and, in turn, how their social media friends responded.MethodsA primarily quantitative online survey with open response questions was distributed to students at four US universities. Qualitative responses were analyzed using content analysis.ResultsA total of 34 students provided qualitative responses for analysis, these students were 85.3% female, mean age 20.2 (SD=1.4) and 20.6% racial/ethnic minority. Students who reported posting about depression often expressed an emotion or feeling but did not use the word “depression” in the post. Approximately 20% posted language about a bad day, and 15% posted a song or music video. Only one person reported posting a statement that directly asked for help. When friends responded to the posts, students generally perceived the responses as supportive or motivating gestures. Nearly 15% of friends contacted the individual outside of Facebook. One individual received a negative response and no responses suggested that the individual seek help.ConclusionsThis study found that college students who post about depression often do so without directly referencing depression and that friends were generally supportive. However, no participants reported their social network suggested they seek help, which may suggest increasing mental health literacy, for both support seekers and responders, would be an opportunity to improve online mental health-related support.
Mediators of Intervention Effects on Depressive Symptoms Among People Living With HIV: Secondary Analysis of a Mobile Health Randomized Controlled Trial Using Latent Growth Curve Modeling
Authors: Zhu Mengting , Cai Weiping , Li Linghua , Guo Yan , Monroe-Wise Aliza , Li Yiran , Zeng Chengbo , Qiao Jiaying , Xu Zhimeng , Zhang Hanxi , Zeng Yu , Liu Cong 
Published: November 2019

Background
Although several studies have investigated the effects of mobile health (mHealth) interventions on depression among people living with HIV, few studies have explored mediators of mHealth-based interventions to improve mental health in people living with HIV. Identifying influential mediators may enhance and refine effective components of mHealth interventions to improve mental health of people living with HIV.

Objective
This study aimed to examine mediating factors of the effects of a mHealth intervention, Run4Love, designed to reduce depression among people living with HIV using 4 time-point measurement data.

Methods
This study used data from a randomized controlled trial of a mHealth intervention among people living with HIV with elevated depressive symptoms in Guangzhou, China. A total of 300 patients were assigned to receive either the mHealth intervention (n=150) or a waitlist control group (n=150) through computer-generated block randomization. Depressive symptoms, coping, and HIV-related stigma were measured at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-ups. The latent growth curve model was used to examine the effects of the intervention on depressive symptoms via potential mediators. Mediating effects were estimated using bias-corrected 95% bootstrapped CIs (BCIs) with resampling of 5000.

Results
Enhanced positive coping and reduced HIV-related stigma served as effective treatment mediators in the mHealth intervention. Specially, there was a significant indirect effect of the mHealth intervention on the slope of depressive symptoms via the slope of positive coping (beta=–2.86; 95% BCI –4.78 to –0.94). The indirect effect of the mHealth intervention on the slope of depressive symptoms via the slope of HIV-related stigma was also statistically significant (beta=–1.71; 95% BCI –3.03 to –0.40). These findings indicated that enhancement of positive coping and reduction of HIV-related stigma were important mediating factors of the mHealth intervention in reducing depression among people living with HIV.

Conclusions
This study revealed the underlying mediators of a mHealth intervention to reduce depression among people living with HIV using latent growth curve model and 4 time-point longitudinal measurement data. The study results underscored the importance of improving positive coping skills and mitigating HIV-related stigma in mHealth interventions to reduce depression among people living with HIV.