bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of graphite flakes (GFs) and hybrid graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) particles to the mechanical properties of epoxy composites
Authors: Bakar Nurhazwani Abu , Zulkarnain Mohd Arif , Hassan Wan Anuar Wan , Junid Ramli , Razak Jeefferie Abdul , Ismail Mohd Muzafar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper reports the effects of epoxy when reinforced with graphite flakes (GFs) and was compared to epoxy reinforced by hybrid reinforcements consisted of graphite flakes (GFs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). DGEBA, the type of epoxy which has been used in this work was added with 2, 4 and 6 wt.% of reinforcement respectively, relative to the total weight of the mixture. Nanocomposites was prepared using mechanical stirrer, stirred at 2000 rpm for 30 minutes followed by curing in the oven. The flexural testing shows that the epoxy/GFs composites has higher modulus compared to epoxy/GFs+GNPs. At 4wt.% filler loading, epoxy containing GFs exhibited 132% enhancement of modulus relative to neat epoxy. At the same filler amount, epoxy containing GFs+GNPs demonstrated slightly lower magnitude than system containing GFs with only 27% increase in modulus. However, addition of higher filler loading to the epoxy resin caused the modulus to decrease in magnitude speculated due to agglomeration of particles within the host matrix. The Charpy impact testing indicated similar pattern with epoxy/GFs system exhibited higher capability in absorbing energy than epoxy/GFs+GNPs where the peak was obtained at 4wt.% filler loading. At this amount of filler, 18.36 J/m increase in energy absorbed was recorded for epoxy/GFs compared to 2.13 J/m increased for epoxy/GFs+GNPs composite. Higher amount of filler loading added into epoxy only deteriorate the impact energy absorb by the sample. The hardness test show similar pattern of result with epoxy/GFs shows higher resistance in scratching compared to epoxy/GFs+GNPs.
Morphology and Conductive Properties of Carbon Black- and Graphite- Filled Conductive E poxy Micro-porous
Authors: Leemsuthep Anusha , Zakaria Zunaida , Lan Du Ngoc Uy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Conductive composite requires a well dispersion of conductive filler, which is this difficult to be achieved low content of filler for high density conductive filler. This work investigates the effect of carbon black and graphite on the morphology and conductive properties of conductive epoxy micro-porous. The conductive epoxy micro-porous was prepared by using single emulsion technique. It involved the drop of epoxy-hardener-blowing agent-conductive filler mixture into corn oil at 160 °C and followed by the leaching process to remove excess corn oil. Results show the addition of conductive filler in epoxy matrix lead to increases porous structure in epoxy micro-porous. Carbon black filled epoxy micro-porous possessed smaller particles compared to graphite filled epoxy micro-porous. For skeleton density and total pore, both of the value increase with filler loading due to packing sphere effect. However, the skeleton density for carbon black filled epoxy micro-porous is higher compared to graphite filled epoxy micro-porous. For electrical conductivity, graphite filled micro-porous was higher than that of carbon black filled epoxy micro-porous.
Effect of Porosity and Water Absorption on Compressive Strength of Fly Ash based Geopolymer and OPC Paste
Authors: Razak SitiAisyah , Zainal Farah Farhana , Shamsudin Shaiful Rizam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The fly ash based geopolymer is a promising binder by activation of fly ash with an alkaline activating solution. The fly ash based geopolymer prepared was characterized by several methods. The experimental result, studies effect of the porosity and water absorption on compressive strength of fly ash based geopolymer and Ordinary Portland Cement paste for comparison. The porosity studies were determined using the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller method included nitrogen adsorption / desorption plots. Then followed by water absorption and compressive strength tested at 7 and 28 days curing time. The result shows that the porosity of fly ash based geopolymer paste was in the lower surface area, pore volume and pore size compared to Ordinary Portland Cement paste. The small pore size of the fly ash based geopolymer had a significant proportion of a micropores whilst Ordinary Portland Cement paste pores were mostly mesopores. The highest compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer can be achieved up to 76.723 MPa at 28 days when less of pore size and water absorption. Therefore, the paste based on geopolymeric materials is a better durability and high resistance to aggressive environment compared Ordinary Portland Cement paste.
A short review: Properties of superconducting solder
Authors: Chang M.S. , Mohd Salleh M.A.A. , Halin D.S.C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Development of electronic devices were moving towards miniaturization, multifunction and increasingly specific service environment of solder interconnects, where this drive to the higher requirements on the solder properties. Without solder, it would be impossible to produce the infinite electronic devices that define the 21st century. Hence, solder is important in the design and engineering process. This review paper was summarized on the literature of the low-temperature solder systems for superconducting solder materials, which provide further theoretical basis for the study of superconducting solder of electronic and aerospace applications. Pb-Bi system is the most satisfactory solder as a superconducting solder, but due to the restrictions of the lead usage, so new Pb-free superconducting solder need to be invented. Of those Pb-free superconducting materials had been studied, the Sn-In-Bi ternary solder system show the greatest superconducting properties as compared to other Pb-free superconducting solder where TC = 6.9 K, HC2 (4.2 K) = 0.18 T and JC (4.2 K, 0.01 T) = 1.3 × 108 A/m2 respectively.
Multifunctional efficiency metric for structural supercapacitors
Authors: Zhou Tianyang , Dickinson Emma , Boyd James G , Lutkenhaus Jodie L , Lagoudas Dimitris C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new energy-based multifunctional efficiency (MFE) metric is developed using micromechanics solutions for structural supercapacitors consisting of composite electrodes that can store electrical energy and sustain mechanical loads. MFE metrics quantify the volume and/or mass savings when structural and functional materials are replaced by multifunctional materials and evaluate the trade-off between different functionalities. Commonly used multifunctionality metrics for structural supercapacitors are based on the rule of mixtures for both mechanical and electrical performance. These metrics provide an adequate approximation for some electrode geometries and loading conditions, such as longitudinal direction for aligned fibers in multifunctional composite electrodes and in-plane directions for laminate composite electrodes. However, if supercapacitors with complex microstructure or multiple electrode materials encompass more complex geometries or orientations of the structural and functional phases, a more comprehensive method is required to accurately capture the MFE. The MFE proposed herein can account for complex geometries and different mechanical loading conditions by using micromechanics methods. The shapes considered here include layered composite supercapacitors, fibrous films and any shape that can be derived from an ellipsoid. When calculated utilizing the proposed metric, the MFE varies by orders of magnitude due to the difference in shapes and applied mechanical fields to the supercapacitors, while existing metrics provide a constant upper bound. The influence of Young’s modulus difference between multifunctional electrodes and solid electrolytes is also discussed.
Occupational Exposure during Asphalt Paving—Comparison of Hot and Warm Mix Asphalt in Field Experiments
Authors: Olsen Raymond , Graff Pål , Daae Hanne Line , Bryngelsson Ing-Liss , Molander Paal , Ellingsen Dag G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Several studies have demonstrated an increased risk of adverse health effects, including reduced lung function and lung cancer among asphalt pavers, which has been related to occupational exposure to contaminants during asphalt paving. Consequently, occupational exposure among asphalt pavers must be reduced. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of hot mix asphalt (HMA) and warm mix asphalt (WMA) paving on occupational exposure levels during road paving in field experiments. Asphalt temperatures when paving with WMA are usually lower than when paving with HMA due to differences in the asphalt’s composition and method of application.

Methods
On 11 different road sections, one lane was paved with WMA and one with HMA during the same work shift under approximately identical weather conditions. The weather conditions and asphalt surface temperature were monitored during paving. Fifty-seven samples of fumes and vapor, organic and elemental carbon, amines, and respirable, thoracic, and inhalable particulate matter (PM) fractions were collected by stationary sampling. In addition, 30 samples of fumes and vapor were collected by personal sampling

Results
Compared to paving with HMA, paving with WMA significantly (P &lt; 0.05; paired Student’s t-test) reduced the geometric mean (GM) air concentration of asphalt vapor (0.04 versus 0.08 p.p.m.), organic carbon (OC; 0.09 versus 0.18 mg m−3), and respirable PM (0.12 versus 0.22 mg m−3). Additionally, the air concentration of OC correlated strongly with the respirable fraction of PM (Pearson’s correlation coefficient 0.83).

Conclusions
Measured airborne concentrations of respirable PM, OC, and asphalt vapor were lower when paving with WMA than with HMA. Because exposure to airborne contaminants generated during asphalt paving is believed to be responsible for the adverse health effects observed among asphalt pavers, paving with WMA rather than HMA may have health benefits.
Nontestability of instrument validity under continuous treatments
Authors: Gunsilius F F 
Published: November 2020

Summary
This note presents a proof of the conjecture in Pearl (1995) about testing the validity of an instrumental variable in hidden variable models. It implies that instrument validity cannot be tested in the case where the endogenous treatment is continuously distributed. This stands in contrast to the classical testability results for instrument validity when the treatment is discrete. However, imposing weak structural assumptions on the model, such as continuity between the observable variables, can re-establish theoretical testability in the continuous setting.
Biopsy forceps disruption paired with bougie dilation of esophageal strictures lengthens time to repeat intervention
Authors: Hengehold Tricia , Rogers Benjamin D , Quader Farhan , Gyawali C Prakash 
Published: November 2020

Summary
Esophageal strictures commonly cause dysphagia and require treatment with endoscopic dilation using balloons or bougies. We aimed to determine whether biopsy forceps disruption of strictures at time of dilation increases time to repeat intervention or duration of intervention-free follow-up. We performed a retrospective analysis of 289 adults (age 61.0 ± 0.8 years, 66.4% female) who underwent dilation of an esophageal stricture at our tertiary care center between 2014 and 2016. Exclusions consisted of endoscopic intervention within the preceding 6 months, prior foregut neoplasia, achalasia, radiofrequency ablation, endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, or foregut surgery. Demographics, clinical presentation, dilation technique, and follow-up were abstracted from electronic medical records. We compared time to repeat dilation and duration of intervention-free follow-up between treatment subgroups. Balloon dilation was performed more often than bougie dilation (76.8 vs. 17.6%); biopsy forceps disruption was performed in 23.2%. Over a median follow-up of 52.9 months, 135 patients (46.7%) underwent repeat dilation. Age, body mass index, gender, and use of antisecretory medications did not influence need for repeat dilation (P = ns for each). Bougie dilation with biopsy forceps disruption prolonged time to repeat dilation in all patients (P ≤ 0.02), particularly in those with gastroesophageal reflux disease (P ≤ 0.03), compared with bougie dilation alone and balloon dilation with or without disruption. On Kaplan–Meier analysis, bougie dilation with biopsy forceps resulted in longer intervention-free follow-up compared with dilation alone (P = 0.03). We conclude that stricture disruption with biopsy forceps increases time to repeat intervention with bougie but not balloon dilation.
Magnetic hysteresis of magnetite, pyrrhotite and hematite at high temperature
Authors: Dunlop David J 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARY
The magnetic properties of iron-bearing minerals at above-ambient temperatures control their magnetic expression at depth in the Earth and other planets, as well as the permanent memory they retain as thermoremanence or thermochemical remanence when brought to the surface and cooled. This paper reports magnetic hysteresis parameters measured at temperatures up to the Curie point TC for natural pyrrhotite and hematite and for suites of sized magnetites, both natural and synthesized. Domain structure changes can be inferred from the ratio of saturation remanence Mrs to saturation magnetization Ms. In almost all magnetites and pyrrhotites studied, Mrs decreases more rapidly with increasing measurement temperature T than Ms, indicating thermal unblocking or vortex development in single-domain grains and addition or remobilization of domain walls at high T in multidomain grains. During cooling of a rock, iron minerals might then denucleate domains or vortices. Coercive force Hc, a measure of stability against changing magnetic fields, also decreases with increasing measurement T, usually at a rate similar to that of Mrs, but often retains a finite value near the Curie point.
Predicting clinical response to costimulation blockade in autoimmunity
Authors: Edner Natalie M , Wang Chun Jing , Petersone Lina , Walker Lucy S K 
Published: November 2020

Summary
Curbing unwanted T cell responses by costimulation blockade has been a recognised immunosuppressive strategy for the last 15 years. However, our understanding of how best to deploy this intervention is still evolving. A key challenge has been the heterogeneity in the clinical response to costimulation blockade, and an inability to predict which individuals are likely to benefit most. Here, we discuss our recent findings based on the use of costimulation blockade in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and place them in the context of the current literature. We discuss how profiling follicular helper T cells (Tfh) in pre-treatment blood samples may have value in predicting which individuals are likely to benefit from costimulation blockade drugs such as abatacept.
Special Review: The future of Immunotherapy
Authors: Melief Cornelis J M 
Published: November 2020

Summary
During the last two decades, two main schools of modern immunotherapy have come to the forefront. The chimeric anti-CD20 antibody rituximab that was introduced for the treatment of refractory follicular lymphoma in 1998 was one of the first examples of the school of passive immunotherapy. Subsequently major and ever more costly efforts were spent on the development of blockbuster monotherapies including other monoclonal but also bispecific antibodies of highly defined specificity and subclass, antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), as well as ex vivo expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-transduced T cells, and TCR-transduced T cells. On the other hand, there is the school that works toward active induction of patient B- or T-cell immunity against antigens of choice, or active tolerance against pathogenic allergens, auto-antigens or allo-antigens. Stradled in between these two approaches is treatment with blockers of T cell checkpoint control, which releases the brakes of T cells that have already responded to antigen. Extensive and detailed insight into the cellular and molecular interactions that regulate specific immune responses is indispensable in order to be able to optimize efficacy and rule out treatment related toxicity. This applies to all types of immunotherapy. Our knowledge of the checks and balances in the immune system is still increasing at an unprecedented pace, fostering ever more effective and specific (combination) immunotherapies and offering a rich harvest of innovative immunotherapies in the years ahead.
Helicobacter pylori-Induced TLR9 Activation and Injury Are Associated With the Virulence-Associated Adhesin HopQ
Authors: Dooyema Samuel D R , Krishna Uma S , Loh John T , Suarez Giovanni , Cover Timothy L , Peek Richard M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the strongest risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. The H. pylori cancer-associated cag pathogenicity island (cag-PAI) encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS), which translocates microbial DNA and activates TLR9; however, most cag-PAI+–infected persons do not develop cancer and cag-PAI–independent regulators of pathogenesis, including strain-specific adhesins, remain understudied. We defined the relationships between H. pylori HopQ adhesin allelic type, gastric injury, and TLR9 activation. Type I hopQ alleles were significantly associated with magnitude of injury, cag-T4SS function, and TLR9 activation. Genetic deletion of hopQ significantly decreased H. pylori-induced TLR9 activation, implicating this adhesin in H. pylori-mediated disease.
Gloomy Scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) Ecology and Management on Landscape Trees
Authors: Just Michael G , Dale Adam G , Frank Steven D 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGloomy scale, Melanaspis tenebricosa (Comstock), is native to the eastern United States and feeds on deciduous trees. In natural areas, it is a background herbivore that typically remains at low densities. Gloomy scale generally responds positively to warming with greater egg production, size, survival, and abundance. In urban areas, which are warmer than surrounding natural areas, gloomy scale is pestiferous on planted trees, particularly red maple (Acer rubrum L.; Sapindales: Sapindaceae) but other native maples as well. They live on the bark and damage host trees by feeding from plant cells and tissues, which deprives the trees of energy and nutrients, reducing the trees’ growth and overall health. Gloomy scales are likely to expand their range beyond the Southeast and become pestilent in new areas with continued climatic warming and urbanization. Here we present a review of the biology, ecology, response to environmental conditions, host range and damage, and management of gloomy scale.
ZZ Piscis Austrinus (ZZ PsA): a bright red nova progenitor and the instability mass ratio of contact binary stars
Authors: Wadhwa Surjit S , De Horta Ain , Filipović Miroslav D , Tothill N F H , Arbutina Bojan , Petrović Jelena , Djurašević Gojko 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
ZZ Piscis Austrinus (ZZ PsA) is a neglected bright southern contact binary system with maximum V magnitude of 9.26. We present the first multiband photometric analysis and find the system to be in deep contact (&gt;95 per cent) with an extremely low mass ratio of 0.078. The primary has a mass of 1.213 M⊙ in keeping with its reported spectral class of F6. In order to determine if ZZ PsA is a merger candidate, we outline the current status regarding the instability mass ratio and develop new relationship linking the mass of the primary to the instability mass ratio of the system and the degree of contact. We find that ZZ PsA along with two other examples from the literature to be merger candidates while an additional three require further observations to be confirmed as potential merger candidates.
The bispectrum and 21-cm foregrounds during the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Watkinson Catherine A , Trott Cathryn M , Hothi Ian 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Numerous studies have established the theoretical potential of the 21-cm bispectrum to boost our understanding of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). We take a first look at the impact of foregrounds (FGs) and instrumental effects on the 21-cm bispectrum and our ability to measure it. Unlike the power spectrum for which (in the absence of instrumental effects) there is a window clear of smooth-spectrum FGs in which it may be detectable, there is no such ‘EoR window’ for the bispectrum. For the triangle configurations and scales we consider, the EoR structures are completely swamped by those of the FGs, and the EoR + FG bispectrum is entirely dominated by that of the FGs. By applying a rectangular window function on the sky combined with a Blackman–Nuttall filter along the frequency axis, we find that spectral, or in our case scale, leakage (caused by FFTing non-periodic data) suppresses the FG contribution so that cross-terms of the EoR and FGs dominate. While difficult to interpret, these findings motivate future studies to investigate whether filtering can be used to extract information about the EoR from the 21-cm bispectrum. We also find that there is potential for instrumental effects to seriously corrupt the bispectrum. FG removal using GMCA (generalized morphological component analysis) is found to recover the EoR bispectrum to a reasonable level of accuracy for many configurations. Further studies are necessary to understand the error and/or bias associated with FG removal before the 21-cm bispectrum can be practically applied in analysis of future data.
Dark Energy Survey year 3 results: point spread function modelling
Authors: Jarvis M , Bernstein G M , Amon A , Davis C , Léget P F , Bechtol K , Harrison I , Gatti M , Roodman A , Chang C , Chen R , Choi A , Desai S , Drlica-Wagner A , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Hernandez A , MacCrann N , Meyers J , Navarro-Alsina A , Pandey S , Plazas A A , Secco L F , Sheldon E , Troxel M A , Vorperian S , Wei K , Zuntz J , Abbott T M C , Aguena M , Allam S , Avila S , Bhargava S , Bridle S L , Brooks D , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , De Vicente J , Diehl H T , Doel P , Everett S , Flaugher B , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Gerdes D W , Gutierrez G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Kent S , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lahav O , Maia M A G , March M , Marshall J L , Melchior P , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Ogando R L C , Paz-Chinchón F , Rykoff E S , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Varga T N , Walker A R , Wester W , Wilkinson R D ,   DES Collaboration
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTWe introduce a new software package for modelling the point spread function (PSF) of astronomical images, called piff (PSFs In the Full FOV), which we apply to the first three years (known as Y3) of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) data. We describe the relevant details about the algorithms used by piff to model the PSF, including how the PSF model varies across the field of view (FOV). Diagnostic results show that the systematic errors from the PSF modelling are very small over the range of scales that are important for the DES Y3 weak lensing analysis. In particular, the systematic errors from the PSF modelling are significantly smaller than the corresponding results from the DES year one (Y1) analysis. We also briefly describe some planned improvements to piff that we expect to further reduce the modelling errors in future analyses.