bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural diversity underpins carbon storage in Australian temperate forests
Authors: Aponte Cristina , Kasel Sabine , Nitschke Craig R. , Tanase Mihai A. , Vickers Helen , Parker Linda , Fedrigo Melissa , Kohout Michele , Ruiz‐Benito Paloma , Zavala Miguel A. , Bennett Lauren T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimForest carbon storage is the result of a multitude of interactions among biotic and abiotic factors. Our aim was to use an integrative approach to elucidate mechanistic relationships of carbon storage with biotic and abiotic factors in the natural forests of temperate Australia, a region that has been overlooked in global analyses of carbon‐biodiversity relations.LocationSouth‐eastern Australia.Time period2010–2015.Major taxa studiedForest trees in 732 plots.MethodsWe used the most comprehensive forest inventory database available for south‐eastern Australia and structural equation models to assess carbon‐storage relationships with biotic factors (species or functional diversity, community‐weighted mean (CWM) trait values, structural diversity) and abiotic factors (climate, soil, fire history). To assess the consistency of relationships at different environmental scales, our analyses involved three levels of data aggregation: six forest types, two forest groups (representing different growth environments), and all forests combined.ResultsStructural diversity was consistently the strongest independent predictor of carbon storage at all levels of data aggregation, whereas relationships with species‐ and functional‐diversity indices were comparatively weak. CWMs of maximum height and wood density were also significant independent predictors of carbon storage in most cases. In comparison, climate, soil, and fire history had only minor and mainly indirect effects via biotic factors on carbon storage.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that carbon storage in our temperate forests was underpinned by tree structural diversity (representing efficient utilisation of space) and by CWM trait values (representing selection effects) more so than by tree species richness or functional diversity. Abiotic effects were comparatively weak and mostly indirect via biotic factors irrespective of the environmental range. Our study highlights the importance of managing forests for functionally important species and to maintain and enhance their structural complexity in order to support carbon storage.
Whole‐exome analysis of metaplastic breast carcinomas with extensive osseous differentiation
Authors: Beca Francisco , Sebastiao Ana P M , Pareja Fresia , Dessources Kimberly , Lozada John R , Geyer Felipe , Selenica Pier , Zeizafoun Nebras , Wen Hannah Y , Norton Larry , Brogi Edi , Weigelt Britta , Reis‐Filho Jorge S 
Published: February 2020

AimsMetaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare type of triple‐negative breast cancer that shows vast histological and genetic heterogeneity. Osseous differentiation can be found in different subtypes of MBC. Whether MBCs with osseous differentiation are underpinned by specific genetic alterations has yet to be defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the repertoire of somatic mutations and copy number alterations (CNAs) in three MBCs with extensive osseous differentiation.Methods and resultsTumour and normal DNA samples from three MBCs with extensive osseous differentiation were subjected to whole‐exome sequencing. Somatic mutations, CNAs and mutational signatures were determined by use of a validated bioinformatics pipeline. Our analyses revealed clonal TP53 hotspot mutations associated with loss of heterozygosity of the wild‐type allele coupled with mutations affecting genes related to the Wnt and/or the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase–AKT–mammalian target of rapamycin pathways in all cases analysed. All cases showed a dominant mutational signature 1, with two cases showing a secondary signature 3 in addition to other features of homologous recombination DNA repair defects. The oncostatin M receptor gene, which plays a role in mesenchymal differentiation and bone formation, was found to be mutated in two MBCs with extensive osseous differentiation and in none of 35 previously published 35 MBCs.ConclusionOur findings suggest that MBCs with osseous differentiation have somatic mutations similar to those of other forms of MBC.
Developing an Educational Framework for Urological Nursing: Using a World Café approach to gain an emerging international understanding of issues, challenges and responses
Authors: Marley Jerome , Taylor Julia , Brocksom Jane , Schubach Kath , Nixon Andrea , Allchorne Paula , Lauridsen Susanne Vahr 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA series of three World Café events centred on the topic of developing an Educational Framework for Urological Nursing [EFUN] were held by the British Association of Urological Nurses [BAUN], the European Association of Urology Nurses [EAUN] and the Australian and New Zealand Urological Nursing Society [ANZUNS] between 2017 and 2019. About 376 urology nurses participated in these “conversations that matter” and generated 1047 individual response items that were grouped into themes to assist the three associations to take the creation of an EFUN to the next level. Areas explored centred on four aspects: what any agreed educational framework for urology nursing should contain; the academic level at which education should be provided; who should be recruited as collaborators on writing an educational framework and, lastly, just how any emergent framework should be used. Analysis of the conversational data indicate that there exists within the urological nursing community a collective wisdom regarding their educational needs and how these needs should be met.
What is Integration? A Comparative View from Immigrants and Municipal Policy
Authors: Verdía Varela Verónica , Fernández Suárez Belén , DePalma Renée 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ongoing project of citizenship construction in societies receiving international immigration demands a perspective that takes into account the interests, views and needs of all socio‐demographic groups, including those of newcomers as potential new citizens. We interviewed representatives of 16 immigrant associations operating in the Spanish autonomous community of Galicia, reviewed immigration policy in 13 Spanish (Galician) municipalities, and interviewed 20 municipal government staff members who put these into practice. With this research, we aim to explore the perspectives of immigrants with respect to their own integration and to examine how these compare with local policies designed to facilitate these processes. By comparing the immigrant representatives' perceptions with local policy discourses and practice, our study reveals how local integration practice is not only inconsistent with its own policy discourse but also fails to consider and include immigrants' own understandings of what integration means and how it can be achieved.
Clinical manifestations of invasive meningococcal disease in Victoria with the emergence of serogroup W and serogroup Y Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Birrell Michael T. , Strachan Janet , Holmes Natasha E. , Stevens Kerrie , Howden Benjamin P. , Franklin Lucinda J. , Ivan Mihaela , Kwong Jason C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, Australian cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) have been most frequently caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B, but recently an increase in cases due to serogroup W (MenW) and serogroup Y (MenY) has occurred.AimTo determine whether clinical manifestations of IMD have changed due to increased incidence of MenW and MenY.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of IMD cases notified to the Department of Health and Human Services in Victoria, Australia. We compared the period between January 2013 and June 2015 (defined as P1) immediately before the increase in MenW and MenY was noted, with the equal time period of July 2015 to December 2017 (P2), when this increase was observed.ResultsIMD was notified more frequently in P2 than P1 (1.24 vs 0.53 per 100 000 person‐years, P < 0.001). IMD cases in P2 were older (46 vs 19 years, P < 0.001), and more likely due to MenW (92/187, 49.2% vs 11/80, 13.8%, P < 0.001) or MenY (31/187, 16.6% vs 4/80, 5.0%, P = 0.01). IMD cases from P2 were more likely bacteraemic (151/187, 80.7% vs 55/80, 68.8%, P = 0.04), while meningitis (68/187, 36.4% vs 41/80, 51.3%, P = 0.03) and rash (65/181, 35.9% vs 45/78, 57.7%, P = 0.002) were less frequent. Intensive care unit admission rates and in‐hospital mortality were unchanged.ConclusionAlongside an increase in IMD in Victoria, the proliferation of cases of MenW and MenY occurred in older patients, and were more often identified through bacteraemia rather than meningitis or purpura fulminans. Clinicians should be aware of these changes to facilitate earlier identification and treatment of IMD.
Impact of a model of care for heart failure in‐patients to reduce variation in care: a quality improvement project
Authors: Hopper Ingrid , Easton Kellie , Bader Illona , Campbell James , Busija Lucy , Markey Peter , Bergin Peter , Kaye David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe identified variation in delivery of guideline recommended care at our institution, and undertook a project to design a heart failure (HF) model of care.AimTo maximise time patients with HF spend well in the community by delivering best practice guidelines to reduce variation in care improving overall outcomes.MethodsThis quality improvement project focused on reducing variation in process measures of care. The HF model of care included electronic HF care bundles, a patient education pack with staff training on delivering HF patient education, referral of all HF patients to the Hospital Admissions Risk Program for phone call within 72 h, and a nurse–pharmacist early follow‐up clinic. Outcomes were assessed using interrupted time series analyses.ResultsThe pre‐intervention group comprised 1585 patients, and post‐intervention 1720 patients with a primary diagnosis of HF admitted under general cardiology and general medicine. Interrupted time series analysis indicated 30‐day readmissions did not change in overall trend (−0.2% per month, P = 0.479) but a significant immediate step‐down of 7.8% was seen (P = 0.018). For 90‐day readmissions, a significant trend reduction over the time period was seen (−0.6% per month, P = 0.017) with a significant immediate step‐down (−9.4%, P = 0.001). Emergency department representations, in‐patient mortality and length of stay did not change significantly. Improvements in process measures were seen at audit.ConclusionThis model of care resulted in overall trends of reductions in 30‐ and 90‐day readmissions, without increasing emergency department representations, mortality and length of stay. This model will be adapted as the electronic medical record is introduced at our institution.
A rapid pyrosequencing assay for the molecular detection of influenza viruses with reduced baloxavir susceptibility due to PA/I38X amino acid substitutions
Authors: Koszalka Paulina , Farrukee Rubaiyea , Mifsud Edin , Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran , Hurt Aeron C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBaloxavir marboxil is a novel endonuclease inhibitor licensed for treatment of otherwise healthy or high‐risk individuals infected with influenza. Viruses with reduced baloxavir susceptibility due to amino acid substitutions at residue 38 of the PA have been detected in some individuals following treatment. Here, we describe a genotypic pyrosequencing method that can be used to rapidly screen circulating influenza A and B viruses for substitutions in the PA/I38 codon and to quantify mixed viral populations. This method is suitable for surveillance of baloxavir susceptibility and to analyse samples from hospitalised patients undergoing baloxavir treatment to aid in clinical decision making.
CO2 emissions from the Chinese cement sector: Analysis from both the supply and demand sides
Authors: Du Tao , Wang Jian , Wang Heming , Tian Xin , Yue Qiang , Tanikawa Hiroki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChina is the largest producer and consumer of cement worldwide, and cement production entails the release of substantial carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. As the cement sector is a crucial sector of the Chinese economy, understanding the role of supply‐ and demand‐side factors may help accelerate efforts to mitigate CO2 emissions. However, few studies have analyzed the critical factors affecting CO2 emissions in the sector based on a combined supply‐ and demand‐side perspective. In this study, we developed an integrated framework that included eleven indicators covering both the supply and demand sides. Results revealed that improving cement production technology cannot offset CO2 emissions from the growth in demand for cement. Improving technology on the supply side would considerably reduce CO2 emissions from Chinese cement production; nevertheless, the combination of rapid urbanization, GDP growth, and an ultra‐high fixed capital formation ratio on the demand side increased CO2 emissions nearly 25‐fold from 1990 to 2015. Notably, some demand‐side factors also had an effect that reduced CO2 emissions. The in‐use stock per unit of fixed capital formation and output per in‐use stock reduced CO2 emissions by 332 million metric tons, which is comparable to the contribution of technological progress. Based on these results, we examine why these demand‐side factors substantially influence CO2 emissions in the Chinese cement sector, and we provide recommendations for policy‐makers on carbon‐reduction measures in this CO2‐intensive sector.
Bioeconomic transition?: Projecting consumption‐based biomass and fossil material flows to 2050
Authors: Asada Raphael , Krisztin Tamás , di Fulvio Fulvio , Kraxner Florian , Stern Tobias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCountries are responding to unsustainable resource extraction, rising emissions, and increasing waste streams by implementing national bioeconomy strategies. Assuming that the purpose of a bioeconomy is to replace fossil use by biogenic resource use, we estimate biomass and fossil raw material consumption (RMC) by applying multiregional input–output methodology for middle and high income countries. Next, we use a panel fixed effects model to explain RMC with economically active population, urban population, GDP, land cover, and fossil/biomass domestic material consumption. With this model, we project RMC under five Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios up to 2050. The projections show an increase in per capita biomass RMC between 2010 and 2050, accompanied by—in many cases pronounced—per capita growth of fossil RMC across most of the countries and scenarios. We conclude that, if GDP continues to drive fossil RMC at its current magnitude, upcoming conditions are likely to counteract a potential bioeconomic transition and increase, instead of decrease, fossil RMC. Thus, increasing biomass use will not necessarily lead to reduced fossil resource consumption. When considering the relative scarcity of biomass, land and water, more focus needs to be placed on the relevance of technological bio‐based innovations in the reconfiguration of RMC drivers.
Plasma rich in growth factor gel as an autologous filler for facial volume restoration
Authors: Godfrey Lisa , Martínez‐Escribano Jorge , Roo Elia , Pino Ander , Anitua Eduardo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin aging is characterized by moderate to severe wrinkles, laxity, roughness, and volume loss as a result of cutaneous atrophy and connective tissue degradation. Plasma rich in growth factor gel (PRGF‐gel) is a novel formulation obtained from the patient's own blood that has demonstrated optimal biomechanical and bioactive properties for soft tissue restoration.ObjectivesFollowing a retrospective design, the clinical safety and efficacy of PRGF‐gel for facial volume restoration and skin rejuvenation were evaluated.MethodsTwenty women clinically diagnosed for aged skin symptoms were treated with PRGF‐gel. Participants received an individualized regimen depending on their therapeutic needs. At the end of the follow‐up periods, clinical performance analysis was evaluated by standardized macrophotographs along with clinical and patient surveys based on Likert's scales.ResultsBased on their initial expectations, patients referred to be highly satisfied after PRGF‐gel treatment in terms of fine line amelioration, wrinkle reduction, and sagging improvement (overall satisfaction of 8/10). Pre/post‐photograph clinical evaluation showed an improvement of 2.5/3 and patients presented a noticeable face rejuvenation due to the soft tissue augmentation effect which was translated into surface texture softening and tone recovery.ConclusionsAlthough additional randomized clinical trials should be carried out, this study provides preliminary data supporting the use of PRGF‐gel for facial volume restoration.
Vulnerability in birth: A negative capability
Authors: MacLellan Jennifer 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThis article explores the literature on women's expectations for birth, the sociocultural context from which these expectations originate and their impact on the interpretation of birth experience.BackgroundChildbirth is associated with specific expectations from women with the potential for dissatisfaction if these expectations are not met.DesignThis paper presents a systematic analysis of the concept of vulnerability in childbirth.FindingsA framework was extracted from the literature that linked the themes of a discourse of control, construction of inadequacy and shame of exposure to explain the sociocultural origin of dominant childbirth expectations in the literature. The experience of vulnerability unique to the birthing event is suggested as exposing the woman to this underlying contextual framework and impacting the interpretation of her birth.ConclusionThis synthesis has exposed the transient experience of vulnerability during birth as a significant contributor to the birthing woman's interpretation of the birth and her place within it.Relevance to clinical practiceAn explanatory framework is offered to clinicians that could increase their awareness of sociocultural and historical factors impacting a woman's expectations for birth. Appreciation of the woman's vulnerability in birth, exposing her to the influence of this framework, can assist clinicians to facilitate a quality birth experience for women. Furthermore, supporting women and midwives to accept this experience of birth vulnerability as a “negative capability,” can facilitate an empowering birth experience.
Public good agreements under the weakest‐link technology
Authors: Caparrós Alejandro , Finus Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe analyze the formation of public good agreements under the weakest‐link technology. Whereas policy coordination is not necessary for symmetric players, it matters for asymmetric players; however, this fails in the absence of transfers. By contrast, with a transfer scheme, asymmetry may be an asset for cooperation. We characterize various types and degrees of asymmetry and relate them to the stability of self‐enforcing agreements. Asymmetric distributions of autarky public good provision levels (also representing asymmetric interests in cooperation) that are positively skewed tend to be conducive to the stability of agreements. We show that under such conditions, even a coalition including all players can be stable. However, asymmetries that foster stability (instability) tend to be associated with low (high) gains from cooperation.
Differential Relationships of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well‐Being with Self‐Control and Long‐Term Orientation1
Authors: Joshanloo Mohsen , Jovanović Veljko , Park Joonha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study sought to explore differential relations between the hedonic (life satisfaction, negative affect, and positive affect) and eudaimonic (psychological well‐being and social well‐being) components of well‐being and five criterion variables: long‐term planning, self‐control, sensation‐seeking, grit, and intellectualism. The study used a sample of 1,310 Korean adults (Mage = 40.024 years, SDage = 10.922 years). It was predicted and found that the criterion variables of the study had stronger associations with eudaimonic well‐being than hedonic well‐being. The results indicate that eudaimonic well‐being is more consistent than hedonic well‐being with a long‐term emphasis on skill‐building and striving for future goals (as opposed to immediate gratification).
Prevalence of Parent Reported Health Conditions Among 0‐ to 17‐Year‐Olds in Rural United States: National Survey of Children's Health, 2016‐2017
Authors: Kenney Mary Kay , Chanlongbutra Amy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study's purpose was to determine the prevalence of physical, mental, and developmental health conditions among US children and assess the association with urban versus rural residence.MethodsBivariate/multivariable analyses were conducted with cross‐sectional data for children aged 0‐17 years (N = 71,811) from the 2016‐2017 National Survey of Children's Health. Prevalence estimates of excellent/very good health were derived from parents’ qualitative judgments. Parent‐reported health conditions were aggregated by condition type (physical, mental, developmental). Prevalence was determined for condition type and severity. Adjusted risk ratios assessed the effect of residence on having physical, mental, or developmental conditions.ResultsAmong rural children in the general population, we found lower crude rates of excellent/very good overall health and higher rates of ≥1 physical condition(s) and ≥1 mental condition(s), as well as these 2 conditions in combination with ≥1 developmental condition(s). Rural children in the general population were also more likely to have physical and mental conditions that parents rated as moderate/severe in unadjusted analyses. To a lesser extent, these differences held true for the children with special health care needs. Risk ratios for rural residence were largely nonsignificant in adjusted analyses.ConclusionsWhile rural children had lower crude rates of parent‐reported excellent/very good health and higher crude rates of parent‐reported or doctor‐diagnosed physical and mental health conditions compared to urban children, the same pattern of urban‐rural differentials was not evident in the adjusted analyses. Compositional and contextual differences in the urban/rural populations suggest that social determinants of health may have accounted for rate disparities in child health conditions.