bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjustment of self‐formed bankfull channel geometry of meandering rivers: modelling study
Authors: Naito Kensuke , Parker Gary 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTWe consider the evolution of the hydraulic geometry of sand‐bed meandering rivers. We study the difference between the timescale of longitudinal river profile adjustment and that of channel width and depth adjustment. We also study the effect of hydrological regime alteration on the evolution of bankfull channel geometry. To achieve this, a previously developed model for the spatiotemporal co‐evolution of bankfull channel characteristics, including bankfull discharge, bankfull width, bankfull depth and down‐channel bed slope, is used. In our modelling framework, flow variability is considered in terms of a specified flow duration curve. Taking advantage of this unique feature, we identify the flow range responsible for long‐term bankfull channel change within the specified flow duration curve. That is, the relative importance of extremely high short‐duration flows compared to moderately high longer duration flows is examined. The Minnesota River, MN, USA, an actively meandering sand‐bed stream, is selected for a case study. The longitudinal profile of the study reach has been in adjustment toward equilibrium since the end of the last glaciation, while its bankfull cross‐section is rapidly widening due to hydrological regime change in the last several decades. We use the model to demonstrate that the timescale for longitudinal channel profile adjustment is much greater than the timescale for cross‐sectional profile adjustment due to a lateral channel shift. We also show that hydrological regime shift is responsible for the recent rapid widening of the Minnesota River. Our analysis suggests that increases in the 5–25% exceedance flows play a more significant role in recent bankfull channel enlargement of the Minnesota River than increase in either the 0.1% exceedance flow or the 90% exceedance flow. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adjusting for allometric scaling in ABIDE I challenges subcortical volume differences in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Williams Camille Michèle , Peyre Hugo , Toro Roberto , Beggiato Anita , Ramus Franck 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInconsistencies across studies investigating subcortical correlates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may stem from small sample size, sample heterogeneity, and omitting or linearly adjusting for total brain volume (TBV). To properly adjust for TBV, brain allometry—the nonlinear scaling relationship between regional volumes and TBV—was considered when examining subcortical volumetric differences between typically developing (TD) and ASD individuals. Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange I (ABIDE I; N = 654) data was analyzed with two methodological approaches: univariate linear mixed effects models and multivariate multiple group confirmatory factor analyses. Analyses were conducted on the entire sample and in subsamples based on age, sex, and full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ). A similar ABIDE I study was replicated and the impact of different TBV adjustments on neuroanatomical group differences was investigated. No robust subcortical allometric or volumetric group differences were observed in the entire sample across methods. Exploratory analyses suggested that allometric scaling and volume group differences may exist in certain subgroups defined by age, sex, and/or FSIQ. The type of TBV adjustment influenced some reported volumetric and scaling group differences. This study supports the absence of robust volumetric differences between ASD and TD individuals in the investigated volumes when adjusting for brain allometry, expands the literature by finding no group difference in allometric scaling, and further suggests that differing TBV adjustments contribute to the variability of reported neuroanatomical differences in ASD.
The intimate relationship between coalescent generators in very premature human newborn brains: Quantifying the coupling of nested endogenous oscillations
Authors: Moghimi Sahar , Shadkam Azadeh , Mahmoudzadeh Mahdi , Calipe Olivia , Panzani Marine , Edalati Mohammadreza , Ghorbani Maryam , Routier Laura , Wallois Fabrice 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTemporal theta slow‐wave activity (TTA‐SW) in premature infants is a specific neurobiomarker of the early neurodevelopment of perisylvian networks observed as early as 24 weeks of gestational age (wGA). It is present at the turning point between non‐sensory driven spontaneous networks and cortical network functioning. Despite its clinical importance, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this spontaneous nested activity and its functional role have not yet been determined. The coupling between neural oscillations at different timescales is a key feature of ongoing neural activity, the characteristics of which are determined by the network structure and dynamics. The underlying mechanisms of cross‐frequency coupling (CFC) are associated with several putative functions in adults. In order to show that this generic mechanism is already in place early in the course of development, we analyzed electroencephalography recordings from sleeping preterm newborns (24–27 wGA). Employing cross‐frequency phase–amplitude coupling analyses, we found that TTAs were orchestrated by the SWs defined by a precise temporal relationship. Notably, TTAs were synchronized to the SW trough, and were suppressed during the SW peak. Spontaneous endogenous TTA‐SWs constitute one of the very early signatures of the developing temporal neural networks with key functions, such as language and communication. The presence of a fine‐tuned relationship between the slow activity and the TTA in premature neonates emphasizes the complexity and relative maturity of the intimate mechanisms that shape the CFC, the disruption of which can have severe neurodevelopmental consequences.
Erdosteine salvages cardiac necrosis: Novel effect through modulation of MAPK and Nrf‐2/HO‐1 pathway
Authors: Mutneja Ekta , Verma Vipin K. , Malik Salma , Sahu Anil K. , Ray Ruma , Bhatia Jagriti , Arya Dharamvir S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIsoproterenol (ISO) induced oxidative stress and inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial necrosis. To optimize the effect of erdosteine against myocardial necrosis, male albino Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 6), that is, normal, ISO‐control, erdosteine pretreatment with ISO. Rats were administered erdosteine orally for 28 days. Two doses of ISO (85 mg/kg), s.c. were given to ISO‐C and erdosteine treatment groups on the 27th and 28th day. On the 29th day, hemodynamic parameters were recorded and the heart was excised for further parameters. In ISO‐C rats, significantly increased levels of inflammatory markers, pro‐oxidants, and structural damage were observed as compared with normal group. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling revealed an increased expression of apoptotic proteins. Erdosteine at 80 mg/kg reversed the deleterious effects of ISO and normalized myocardium. Erdosteine showed anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant activities through inhibition of MAPK and Nrf‐2/HO‐1 pathways. To conclude, erdosteine was found protective in ISO‐induced myocardial necrosis through MAPK and Nrf‐2/HO‐1 pathway.
Neuronal and synaptic morphological alterations in the hippocampus of cannabinoid receptor type 1 knockout mice
Authors: Soriano Delia , Vacotto Marina , Brusco Alicia , Caltana Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) modulates synaptic activity and is widely distributed in brain areas such as the hippocampus, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and striatum, among others. CB1R is involved in processes such as memory, learning, motor coordination, and mood. Genetic deletion of CB1R causes behavioral alterations. In this work, we evaluated neuronal morphology and synaptic structure in the hippocampus of adult male CB1R knockout mice (CB1R−/−). Morphological changes in the CB1R−/− hippocampus evidenced a decrease in the expression of cytoskeletal proteins neurofilaments 160 KDa, neurofilaments 200 KDa, and microtubule‐associated protein 2. CA1 neurons showed decreased arborization and changes in synaptic structure such as lower thickness of postsynaptic density and a reduction in synaptophysin levels. Results obtained in the present work provide evidence of the participation of CB1R in the establishment of neuronal structure and networks that could have an important role in neuronal plasticity. In addition, these changes observed in CB1R−/− could be correlated with behavioral alterations reported.
Bone loss around implants—is it metallosis?
Authors: Wilson Thomas G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMost would agree that the etiology of dental implant failure is related to oral biofilm. At present one group of scientists and clinicians feel that biofilm is solely responsible for bone loss around the devices. However, there is strong evidence that particles and ions of titanium released into the surrounding tissues by the action of biofilm and/or mechanical forces, a process termed metallosis, can be responsible for bone loss around some dental implants. These findings are reinforced by similar responses found around failed metal on metal joint prostheses. Both possible etiologies are discussed in detail in this commentary.
Acellular dermal matrix for root coverage procedures: 9‐year assessment of treated isolated gingival recessions and their adjacent untreated sites
Authors: Barootchi Shayan , Tavelli Lorenzo , Gianfilippo Riccardo Di , Eber Robert , Stefanini Martina , Zucchelli Giovanni , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term outcomes of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) for the treatment of isolated gingival recessions has not yet been evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study was to observe the root coverage outcomes of coronally advanced flap with ADM over time, and compare them with their adjacent untreated sites.MethodsTwelve patients (from 20) were available at the 9‐year recall. Clinical parameters (recession depth, mean root coverage [mRC], keratinized tissue width [KTW], and gingival thickness) were evaluated and compared with the 1‐year results, and the ADM‐adjacent untreated sites (on mesial and distal) via mixed‐modeling regression analyses.ResultsFrom 1 to 9 years, the ADM‐treated isolated recessions showed a relapse from 77% to 62% mRC (P <0.05). A similar pattern toward apical shift of the gingival margin was noticed for the ADM‐adjacent untreated sites without baseline recession. However, ADM‐adjacent untreated sites which had presented with recession at baseline but were not treated showed a significantly more apical shift of the gingival margin (almost two‐fold). A significant increase in KTW was noted for all sites. Baseline KTW ≥2 mm was a significant predictor for the stability of the gingival margin at the ADM‐treated, and the ADM‐adjacent sites with baseline recession.ConclusionsADM‐treated sites displayed recession relapse from 1 to 9 years. The untreated adjacent sites with a recession at baseline, showed a higher apical displacement of the gingival margin compared with the ADM‐treated sites, and ADM‐adjacent sites without a recession at baseline.
Effects of variety, storage container, and duration on the physical properties, oil content, germination capacity, and seed loss due to Plodia interpunctella infestation of Ethiopian sesame
Authors: Neme Kumera , Tola Yetenayet B , Mohammed Ali , Tadesse Eneyew , Astatkie Tess 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOwing to fluctuations of international market prices and excess supply during peak harvesting seasons, farmers and traders often suffer from a low market price of sesame. Such a negative impact can be ameliorated by taking advantage of times with a better market price during the off season. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different storage containers on gravimetric properties and germination capacities of five different sesame varieties as well as their impact on Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella).RESULTSThere were differences among the types of storage containers in terms of moisture content, oil content, thousand seed weight, and germination capacity with the storage duration. However, in terms of bulk density, true density, and porosity, the results were consistent. On average, a few losses in thousand seed weight for varieties stored in Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags (1.7%), metal silos (2.4%), and GrainPro bags (3.4%) were observed during 12 months’ storage compared with polypropylene bags (17%). The difference among sesame varieties in terms of weight loss and loss of webbing due to P. interpunctella varied with storage duration. On average, about 9.4% weight loss and 5.7% loss due to webbing was measured for seed stored in polypropylene bags due to the natural infestation of P. interpunctella. No pest was found in hermetic containers.CONCLUSIONIn general, to fetch better market prices, the use of hermetic storage is more efficient to maintain the desired gravimetric properties and to prevent losses due to P. interpunctella infestation compared with the commonly used woven polypropylene bags. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of lactic fermentation on soy protein digestive pattern assessed by an in vitro dynamic gastrointestinal digestion model and the influence on human faecal microbiota
Authors: Zhang Ziyu , Fu Yumeng , Liu Qi , Simpson Benjamin K , Azarpazhooh Elham , Dong Mingsheng , Rui Xin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lactic fermentation on soy protein gastrointestinal digestive pattern and the influence of protein digesta on human faecal microbiota. Soymilk and soy yogurt were prepared in this study and a novel in vitro dynamic gastrointestinal model was employed to simulate gastric and duodenum digestions. Particle size, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and peptide content were monitored at the end of duodenum tract.RESULTSIngestion of soy yogurt allowed a rapid drop in pH from 7.0 to 5.0 at simulated duodenal digestion (0–30 min), and resulted in a loss in soluble protein content compared to that of soymilk. The electrophoretic pattern between soymilk and soy yogurt exerted distinctive differences at early stages of duodenal digestion (0–60 min) and resulted in different peptide contents (180 min). Soy yogurt duodenal digesta collected at 180 min (D180), by co‐fermentation with human intestinal flora distribution, allowed a higher population in Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus/Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus/Lactococcus spp., whereas soy yogurt D30 resulted in lower population in Clostridium and Escherichia coli compared to samples co‐fermented with soymilk digesta.CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrated lactic fermentation of soy protein modulated human intestinal microflora and might relate to the different protein digestive behaviours. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Separation of five flavonoids with similar polarity from Caragana korshinskii Kom. by preparative high speed counter‐current chromatography with recycling and heart cut mode
Authors: Ma Yumei , Yang Xue , Chen Jilin , Zhao Jingyang , Yang Li , Yan Shuping , Li Hongmei , Shen Cheng , Wei Yangfei , Wang Shuo , Chen Tao , Chen Zhi , Li Yulin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFive flavonoids with similar polarity were obtained from Caragana korshinskii Kom. by preparative high speed counter‐current chromatography. Due to their similar polarity, it is difficult to select a suitable solvent system for one‐step separation. Three fractions including one pure compound were only obtained with a relatively suitable solvent system of ethyl acetate: n‐butanol:water (0.5% glacial acetic acid) (4:6:10, v:v:v). In order to improve the separation efficiency, recycling and heart cut modes were introduced. As a result, two flavonoids with separation factor value at 1.13 and the other two with separation factor value at 1.20 were successfully separated. Finally, five flavonoids with purity higher than 98% were obtained. Fortunately, a new compound named myricetin 3′‐methyl ether 3‐O‐glucoside‐7‐O‐rhamnoside was obtained. The results indicated that the recycling combined with heart‐cut mode could be effective for the preparation of natural compounds with similar polarity.
Role of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase signaling pathway in radiation‐induced liver injury
Authors: Xiao Lei , Zhang Hua , Yang Xin , Mahati Shaya , Wu Ge , Xiaheding Yiliyaer , Bao Yong‐Xing , Xiao Hui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) is one of critical cytokines in radiation‐induced liver injury. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are activated in the early stage of radiation‐induced liver injury. However, it is currently unclear whether phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K/Akt) signal pathway is activated in radiation‐induced liver injury. Herein, male Sprague‐Dawley rats were irradiated with 6 MV X‐rays (30 Gy) on the right liver. Next, Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining, and electron microscopy were performed to examine pathological changes. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the expression of TGF‐β1, α‐SMA, and p‐Akt (S473) in liver tissues. In vitro, rat HSC cell line HSC‐T6 cells were given different doses of 6 MV X‐ray irradiation (10 and 20 Gy) and treated with LY294002. The expression of α‐SMA and p‐Akt in mRNA and protein levels were measured by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reactioin (RT‐PCR) and Western blot. TGF‐β1 expression was detected by enzyme‐linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). After irradiation, the liver tissues showed obvious pathological changes, indicating the establishment of the radiation‐induced liver injury. Expression levels of TGF‐β1, α‐SMA, and p‐Akt (S473) protein in liver tissues were significantly increased after irradiation, and this increase was in a time‐dependent manner, suggesting the activation of HSC and PI3K/Akt signal pathway. in vitro experiments showed that the TGF‐β1 secreted by HSCs, and the expression of Akt and α‐SMA at mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased in irradiation groups. However, the expression of TGF‐β1, Akt, and α‐SMA were significantly decreased in PI3K/Akt signal pathway inhibitor LY294002‐treated group. Our results suggest that during radiation‐induced liver injury, HSCs are activated by TGF‐β1‐mediated PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
Comparing the impacts of wildfire and meteorological variability on hydrological and erosion responses in a Mediterranean catchment
Authors: Wu Jinfeng , Baartman Jantiene E. M. , Nunes João Pedro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLand degradation and water resources pollution caused by catastrophic wildfires is of growing concern in fire‐prone regions. Studies on the effects of wildfire on hydrology and erosion have mostly been conducted at plot or hillslope scale, while relatively few studies investigated post‐wildfire hydrological responses and erosion at the meso‐catchment scale (~ > 10 km2) in the Mediterranean. This study used measured discharge and suspended sediment at the outlet of a burnt catchment in southern Portugal, before and after a wildfire, to investigate post‐wildfire changes in hydrological and erosion responses to rainfall. Hydrological and sediment connectivity patterns were derived to investigate changing dynamics induced by the fire within the catchment. The main findings were: (a) although a large part of the catchment experienced moderate to high severity burning, post‐wildfire hydro‐sedimentary response was considerably limited; (b) meteorological variability determined hydrological responses and erosion more strongly than wildfire effects; and (c) during the post‐wildfire vegetation recovery period, only rainfall events with a high return period (~ 2 years) enhanced the hydrological and erosion responses. This can be explained by the spatial scale dependency of these processes and limited fine sediment supply, or relatively low connectivity in the study catchment. While connectivity is only an indicator, this implies that, at the meso‐catchment scale, pollution of downstream water bodies by contaminated soil and ash may not occur immediately. Rather, because sediments and associated ashes and contaminants are first being transported to the areas around the stream networks, they only reach the outlet during heavy events which do connect the entire catchment. Thus, dynamic indices of connectivity that take rainfall event characteristics into consideration need to be further tested to assess and manage post‐wildfire soil and water contamination risk.
The Next 100 Years of Polymer Science
Authors: Abd‐El‐Aziz Alaa S. , Antonietti Markus , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Binder Wolfgang H. , Böker Alexander , Boyer Cyrille , Buchmeiser Michael R. , Cheng Stephen Z. D. , D’Agosto Franck , Floudas George , Frey Holger , Galli Giancarlo , Genzer Jan , Hartmann Laura , Hoogenboom Richard , Ishizone Takashi , Kaplan David L. , Leclerc Mario , Lendlein Andreas , Liu Bin , Long Timothy E. , Ludwigs Sabine , Lutz Jean‐François , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Meier Michael A. R. , Müllen Klaus , Müllner Markus , Rieger Bernhard , Russell Thomas P. , Savin Daniel A. , Schlüter A. Dieter , Schubert Ulrich S. , Seiffert Sebastian , Severing Kirsten , Soares João B. P. , Staffilani Mara , Sumerlin Brent S. , Sun Yanming , Tang Ben Zhong , Tang Chuanbing , Théato Patrick , Tirelli Nicola , Tsui Ophelia K. C. , Unterlass Miriam M. , Vana Philipp , Voit Brigitte , Vyazovkin Sergey , Weder Christoph , Wiesner Ulrich , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Wu Chi , Yagci Yusuf , Yuan Jiayin , Zhang Guangzhao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe year 2020 marks the 100th anniversary of the first article on polymerization, published by Hermann Staudinger. It is Staudinger who realized that polymers consist of long chains of covalently linked building blocks. Polymers have had a tremendous impact on the society ever since this initial publication. People live in a world that is almost impossible to imagine without synthetic polymers. But what does the future hold for polymer science? In this article, the editors and advisory board of Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics reflect on this question.
Poplar Propolis Ethanolic Extract Reduces Body Weight Gain and Glucose Metabolism Disruption in High‐Fat Diet‐Fed Mice
Authors: Cardinault Nicolas , Tourniaire Franck , Astier Julien , Couturier Charlène , Perrin Estelle , Dalifard Julie , Seipelt Eva , Mounien Lourdes , Letullier Claire , Bonnet Lauriane , Karkeni Esma , Dlalah Naïma , Georgé Stéphane , Landrier Jean‐François 
Published: July 2020

ScopeCurrent evidence supports the beneficial effect of polyphenols on the management of obesity and associated comorbidities. This is the case for propolis, a polyphenol‐rich substance produced by bees. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of a poplar propolis ethanolic extract (PPEE) on obesity and glucose homeostasis, and to unveil its putative molecular mechanisms of action.Methods and resultsMale high‐fat (HF) diet‐fed mice are administered PPEE for 12 weeks. PPEE supplementation reduces the HF‐mediated adiposity index, adipocyte hypertrophy, and body weight gain. It also improves HOMA‐IR and fasting glucose levels. Gene expression profiling of adipose tissue (AT) shows an induction of mRNA related to lipid catabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibition of mRNA coding for inflammatory markers. Interestingly, several Nrf2‐target genes are induced in AT following administration of PPEE. The ability of PPEE to induce the expression of Nrf2‐target genes is studied in adipocytes. PPEE is found to transactivate the Nrf2 response element and the Nrf2 DNA‐binding, suggesting that part of the effect of PPEE can be mediated by Nrf2.ConclusionPPEE supplementation may represent an interesting preventive strategy to tackle the onset of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.