bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vortex‐Dominated Aeolian Activity at InSight's Landing Site, Part 2: Local Meteorology, Transport Dynamics, and Model Analysis
Authors: Baker M. , Newman C. , Charalambous C. , Golombek M. , Spiga A. , Banfield D. , Lemmon M. , Banks M. , Lorenz R. , Garvin J. , Grant J. , Lewis K. , Ansan V. , Warner N. , Weitz C. , Wilson S. , Rodriguez S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGeologic and climatic processes on modern‐day Mars are heavily influenced by aeolian surface activity, yet the relationship between atmospheric conditions and sediment mobilization is not well understood. The Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy, and Heat Transport (InSight) spacecraft is uniquely able to address this issue, due to its joint imaging and continuous high‐frequency meteorological capabilities, which allow for direct comparison between surface activity and atmospheric conditions. Since landing in the volcanic plains of Elysium Planitia, InSight's camera's have recorded intermittent, small‐scale surface changes, including removal of fine material on the lander footpad, linear tracks and localized surface darkening caused by minor dust removal, and surface creep of granules, as presented in Part 1 (Charalambous et al., 2021, this issue). Surface activity is found to correlate well with the timing of abrupt pressure drops (ΔP ∼ 1–9 Pa) and transient wind gusts (v ∼ 14–31 m/s) associated with convective vortex passage. Here we identify the major erosive forces acting on surface particles during these events, including the vertical pressure gradient force at the vortex core and the drag force generated by quickly‐rotating tangential winds. Orbital and ground‐truth data suggest that aeolian activity at InSight's landing site is sporadic under modern climatic conditions. Ongoing aeolian surface modifcation is driven primarily by turbulent vortices that sporadically lift dust and redistribute coarser sediment (i.e., sand and granules) but do not aid in the development of organized aeolian bedforms. Surface erosion is localized within the path these vortices take across the surface which is controlled by seasonally‐reversing background circulation patterns.
Eukaryotic clamp loaders and unloaders in the maintenance of genome stability
Authors: Lee Kyoo-young , Park Su Hyung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEukaryotic sliding clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) plays a critical role as a processivity factor for DNA polymerases and as a binding and acting platform for many proteins. The ring-shaped PCNA homotrimer and the DNA damage checkpoint clamp 9-1-1 are loaded onto DNA by clamp loaders. PCNA can be loaded by the pentameric replication factor C (RFC) complex and the CTF18-RFC-like complex (RLC) in vitro. In cells, each complex loads PCNA for different purposes; RFC-loaded PCNA is essential for DNA replication, while CTF18-RLC-loaded PCNA participates in cohesion establishment and checkpoint activation. After completing its tasks, PCNA is unloaded by ATAD5 (Elg1 in yeast)-RLC. The 9-1-1 clamp is loaded at DNA damage sites by RAD17 (Rad24 in yeast)-RLC. All five RFC complex components, but none of the three large subunits of RLC, CTF18, ATAD5, or RAD17, are essential for cell survival; however, deficiency of the three RLC proteins leads to genomic instability. In this review, we describe recent findings that contribute to the understanding of the basic roles of the RFC complex and RLCs and how genomic instability due to deficiency of the three RLCs is linked to the molecular and cellular activity of RLC, particularly focusing on ATAD5 (Elg1).
Flexible high-performance graphene hybrid photodetectors functionalized with gold nanostars and perovskites
Authors: Lee Yoon Ho , Park Seungyoung , Won Yousang , Mun Jungho , Ha Jae Hwan , Lee Jeong Hun , Lee Sang Hyuk , Park Jongmin , Yeom Jeonghee , Rho Junsuk , Ko Hyunhyub , Oh Joon Hak 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHybrid materials in optoelectronic devices can provide synergistic effects that complementarily enhance the properties of each component. Here, flexible high-performance graphene hybrid photodetectors (PDs) are developed by introducing gold nanostars (GNSs) and perovskites for strong light trapping with hot electron transfer and efficient light harvesting characteristics, respectively. While pristine graphene PDs do not exhibit discernible photodetection properties due to the very low photon absorption and ultrafast charge carrier recombination, graphene PDs functionalized with GNSs and a densely covered perovskite layer exhibit outstanding photoresponsive properties with a photoresponsivity (R) of 5.90 × 104 A W−1 and a specific detectivity of 1.31 × 1013 Jones, the highest values among those reported for perovskite-functionalized graphene PDs thus far. Moreover, we fabricated a flexible 10 × 10 PD array that shows well-resolved spatiotemporal mapping of light signals with excellent operational and mechanical stabilities at a bending radius down to 3 mm and in repeated bending tests for over 1000 cycles. Comprehensive analyses using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) theoretical calculations, scanning near-field optical microscopy, and photoluminescence mapping reveal the effective light trapping effect of GNSs and the charge carrier transfer between the perovskite and graphene. This work provides a new design platform for flexible and high-performance photodetection systems.
A method for validating the accuracy of NMR protein structures
Authors: Fowler Nicholas J. , Sljoka Adnan , Williamson Mike P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present a method that measures the accuracy of NMR protein structures. It compares random coil index [RCI] against local rigidity predicted by mathematical rigidity theory, calculated from NMR structures [FIRST], using a correlation score (which assesses secondary structure), and an RMSD score (which measures overall rigidity). We test its performance using: structures refined in explicit solvent, which are much better than unrefined structures; decoy structures generated for 89 NMR structures; and conventional predictors of accuracy such as number of restraints per residue, restraint violations, energy of structure, ensemble RMSD, Ramachandran distribution, and clashscore. Restraint violations and RMSD are poor measures of accuracy. Comparisons of NMR to crystal structures show that secondary structure is equally accurate, but crystal structures are typically too rigid in loops, whereas NMR structures are typically too floppy overall. We show that the method is a useful addition to existing measures of accuracy.
Glioblastoma epigenome profiling identifies SOX10 as a master regulator of molecular tumour subtype
Authors: Wu Yonghe , Fletcher Michael , Gu Zuguang , Wang Qi , Costa Barbara , Bertoni Anna , Man Ka-Hou , Schlotter Magdalena , Felsberg Jörg , Mangei Jasmin , Barbus Martje , Gaupel Ann-Christin , Wang Wei , Weiss Tobias , Eils Roland , Weller Michael , Liu Haikun , Reifenberger Guido , Korshunov Andrey , Angel Peter , Lichter Peter , Herrmann Carl , Radlwimmer Bernhard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma frequently exhibits therapy-associated subtype transitions to mesenchymal phenotypes with adverse prognosis. Here, we perform multi-omic profiling of 60 glioblastoma primary tumours and use orthogonal analysis of chromatin and RNA-derived gene regulatory networks to identify 38 subtype master regulators, whose cell population-specific activities we further map in published single-cell RNA sequencing data. These analyses identify the oligodendrocyte precursor marker and chromatin modifier SOX10 as a master regulator in RTK I-subtype tumours. In vitro functional studies demonstrate that SOX10 loss causes a subtype switch analogous to the proneural–mesenchymal transition observed in patients at the transcriptomic, epigenetic and phenotypic levels. SOX10 repression in an in vivo syngeneic graft glioblastoma mouse model results in increased tumour invasion, immune cell infiltration and significantly reduced survival, reminiscent of progressive human glioblastoma. These results identify SOX10 as a bona fide master regulator of the RTK I subtype, with both tumour cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental effects.
Association between the histopathological growth patterns of liver metastases and survival after hepatic surgery in breast cancer patients
Authors: Bohlok Ali , Vermeulen Peter , Leduc Sophia , Latacz Emily , Botzenhart Lara , Richard François , De Schepper Maxim , Geukens Tatjana , Lucidi Valerio , Ignatiadis Michail , Aftimos Philippe , Sotiriou Christos , Piccart Martine , Hendlisz Alain , Van Laere Steven , Dirix Luc , Noël Jean-Christophe , Biganzoli Elia , Larsimont Denis , Desmedt Christine , Donckier Vincent 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCurrently, there are no markers to identify patients with liver-only or liver-dominant metastases that would benefit from hepatic surgery. Here we characterized histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) of liver metastases in a consecutive series of 36 breast cancer patients who underwent hepatic surgery. Survival analyses showed that the presence of a desmoplastic HGP in the liver metastases (a rim of fibrous tissue separating cancer cells from the liver parenchyma, present in 20 (56%) patients) is independently associated with favorable progression-free and overall survival when compared with the replacement HGP (cancer cells growing into the liver parenchyma, present in 16 (44%) patients).
High-throughput phase-field simulations and machine learning of resistive switching in resistive random-access memory
Authors: Zhang Kena , Wang Jianjun , Huang Yuhui , Chen Long-Qing , Ganesh P. , Cao Ye 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMetal oxide-based Resistive Random-Access Memory (RRAM) exhibits multiple resistance states, arising from the activation/deactivation of a conductive filament (CF) inside a switching layer. Understanding CF formation kinetics is critical to achieving optimal functionality of RRAM. Here a phase-field model is developed, based on materials properties determined by ab initio calculations, to investigate the role of electrical bias, heat transport and defect-induced Vegard strain in the resistive switching behavior, using MO2−x systems such as HfO2−x as a prototypical model system. It successfully captures the CF formation and resultant bipolar resistive switching characteristics. High-throughput simulations are performed for RRAMs with different material parameters to establish a dataset, based on which a compressed-sensing machine learning is conducted to derive interpretable analytical models for device performance (current on/off ratio and switching time) metrics in terms of key material parameters (electrical and thermal conductivities, Vegard strain coefficients). These analytical models reveal that optimal performance (i.e., high current on/off ratio and low switching time) can be achieved in materials with a low Lorenz number, a fundamental material constant. This work provides a fundamental understanding to the resistive switching in RRAM and demonstrates a computational data-driven methodology of materials selection for improved RRAM performance, which can also be applied to other electro-thermo-mechanical systems.
Numerical finite-key analysis of quantum key distribution
Authors: Bunandar Darius , Govia Luke C. G. , Krovi Hari , Englund Dirk 
Published: December 2020

AbstractQuantum key distribution (QKD) allows for secure communications safe against attacks by quantum computers. QKD protocols are performed by sending a sizeable, but finite, number of quantum signals between the distant parties involved. Many QKD experiments, however, predict their achievable key rates using asymptotic formulas, which assume the transmission of an infinite number of signals, partly because QKD proofs with finite transmissions (and finite-key lengths) can be difficult. Here we develop a robust numerical approach for calculating the key rates for QKD protocols in the finite-key regime in terms of two semi-definite programs (SDPs). The first uses the relation between conditional smooth min-entropy and quantum relative entropy through the quantum asymptotic equipartition property, and the second uses the relation between the smooth min-entropy and quantum fidelity. The numerical programs are formulated under the assumption of collective attacks from the eavesdropper and can be promoted to withstand coherent attacks using the postselection technique. We then solve these SDPs using convex optimization solvers and obtain numerical calculations of finite-key rates for several protocols difficult to analyze analytically, such as BB84 with unequal detector efficiencies, B92, and twin-field QKD. Our numerical approach democratizes the composable security proofs for QKD protocols where the derived keys can be used as an input to another cryptosystem.
Thermal and non-thermal effects of capacitive–resistive electric transfer application on different structures of the knee: a cadaveric study
Authors: Rodríguez-Sanz Jacobo , Pérez-Bellmunt Albert , López-de-Celis Carlos , Lucha-López Orosia María , González-Rueda Vanessa , Tricás-Moreno José Miguel , Simon Mathias , Hidalgo-García César 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCapacitive–resistive electric transfer therapy is used in physical rehabilitation and sports medicine to treat muscle, bone, ligament and tendon injuries. The purpose is to analyze the temperature change and transmission of electric current in superficial and deep knee tissues when applying different protocols of capacitive–resistive electric transfer therapy. Five fresh frozen cadavers (10 legs) were included in this study. Four interventions (high/low power) were performed for 5 min by a physiotherapist with experience. Dynamic movements were performed to the posterior region of the knee. Capsular, intra-articular and superficial temperature were recorded at 1-min intervals and 5 min after the treatment, using thermocouples placed with ultrasound guidance. The low-power protocols had only slight capsular and intra-capsular thermal effects, but electric current flow was observed. The high-power protocols achieved a greater increase in capsular and intra-articular temperature and a greater current flow than the low-power protocols. The information obtained in this in vitro study could serve as basic science data to hypothesize capsular and intra-articular knee recovery in living subjects. The current flow without increasing the temperature in inflammatory processes and increasing the temperature of the tissues in chronic processes with capacitive–resistive electric transfer therapy could be useful for real patients.
Field-dependent specific heat of the canonical underdoped cuprate superconductor $$\hbox {YBa}_2\hbox {Cu}_4\hbox {O}_8$$
Authors: Tallon Jeffery L. , Loram John W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe cuprate superconductor $$\hbox {YBa}_2\hbox {Cu}_4\hbox {O}_8$$

YBa
2

Cu
4

O
8

, in comparison with most other cuprates, has a stable stoichiometry, is largely free of defects and may be regarded as the canonical underdoped cuprate, displaying marked pseudogap behaviour and an associated distinct weakening of superconducting properties. This cuprate ‘pseudogap’ manifests as a partial gap in the electronic density of states at the Fermi level and is observed in most spectroscopic properties. After several decades of intensive study it is widely believed that the pseudogap closes, mean-field like, near a characteristic temperature, $$T^*$$

T
∗

, which rises with decreasing hole concentration, p. Here, we report extensive field-dependent electronic specific heat studies on $$\hbox {YBa}_2\hbox {Cu}_4\hbox {O}_8$$

YBa
2

Cu
4

O
8

up to an unprecedented 400 K and show unequivocally that the pseudogap never closes, remaining open to at least 400 K where $$T^*$$

T
∗

is typically presumed to be about 150 K. We show from the NMR Knight shift and the electronic entropy that the Wilson ratio is numerically consistent with a weakly-interacting Fermion system for the near-nodal states. And, from the field-dependent specific heat, we characterise the impact of fluctuations and impurity scattering on the thermodynamic properties.
A simple method using CRISPR-Cas9 to knock-out genes in murine cancerous cell lines
Authors: Ishibashi Airi , Saga Kotaro , Hisatomi Yuuta , Li Yue , Kaneda Yasufumi , Nimura Keisuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9 system can be used to generate knock-out cancer cell lines. An insertion or deletion induced by a single guide RNA (gRNA) is often used to generate knock-out cells, however, some cells express the target gene by skipping the disrupted exon, or by using a splicing variant, thus losing the target exon. To overcome this unexpected expression of the target gene, almost the entire gene can be swapped with a selection marker. However, it is time-consuming to create a targeting vector which contains 5′ and 3′ homology arms flanked by a selection marker. Here, we developed a simple and easy method called SUCCESS (Single-strand oligodeoxynucleotides, Universal Cassette, and CRISPR/Cas9 produce Easy Simple knock-out System), to knock-out a target gene without constructing a targeting vector. Our method removed the targeted large genomic region by using two pX330 plasmids encoding Cas9 and gRNA, two 80mer single strand oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODN), and a blunt-ended universal selection maker sequence in B16F10 murine cancer cell and ID8 murine ovarian cancer cell. SUCCESS generated knock-out clones in two murine cancer cell lines by homozygous deletion of the target genomic region, and without constructing targeting vectors. Thus, our method can be widely applied to generate homozygous knock-out cell lines, as well as knock-in cell lines.
Pore size distributions and pore multifractal characteristics of medium and low-rank coals
Authors: Sun Bin , Yang Qing , Zhu Jie , Shao Tangsha , Yang Yuhang , Hou Chenyu , Li Guiyou 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is of great significance to study the porosity and permeability properties of medium and low-rank coal. The porosity and permeability in confining stress experiments were used to simulate the porosity and permeability variations of coal samples under different depth conditions. The pore structure of Baoqing coal samples is greatly affected by the confining pressure, and the pores and micro cracks are more easily compressed. Based on the experimental data of mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and nitrogen adsorption (NA), the pore size distributions (PSDs) of medium and low-rank coals were studied. High mercury intrusion pressure would lead to coal matrix compression. Therefore, the pore volume calculated by MIP data was corrected by NA data. The PSDs characteristics of Jixi (JX) coal and Baoqing (BQ) coal samples are obtained from the revised pore volume, and the dominant pores of medium and low-rank coals are obtained. The results show that JX coal has higher spatial heterogeneity, connectivity and pore autocorrelation. Micro fractures have an influence on the autocorrelation and heterogeneity of coal samples, especially for BQ coal samples.
Correction of Torsional Deformity Following Nail Osteosynthesis of a Subtrochanteric Fracture
Authors: Ahrend Marc-Daniel , Herbst Moritz , Ihle Christoph , Schröter Steffen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTorsional deformity is a frequent complication following nail osteosynthesis of a subtrochanteric fracture. This complication is difficult to assess intraoperatively, but can cause major functional restrictions. The authors consider that a clinical assessment should be complemented by a postoperative radiological control standardised with torsion CT. Thus, torsion deformity can be recognised immediately and easily corrected if necessary. This can help to avoid long-term damage that requires considerable surgery. The video shows details of torsion correction after a ca. 5-week old subtrochanteric femoral fracture, which had been initially treated with a femur nail. Before torsion correction, the internal torsion on the right femur was 22° and the external torsion on the left femur was 2°. Thus, the total deformation of the external torsion on the left side was 24°. We note the indication for removal of the nail, torsion correction and reosteosynthesis with long PFNA. The
postoperative CT control confirmed that the torsion correction was adequate with internal torsion of 25° on the operated left side.
Health Care Analysis on Myocardial Revascularization in Patients with Chronic Coronary Artery Disease: The Multicenter REVASK Study: Design and Protocol
Authors: Beckmann Andreas , Bitzer Eva-Maria , Lederle Mareike , Ihle Peter , Walker Jochen , Marshall Ursula , Horenkamp-Sonntag Dirk , Schneider Steffen , Zeymer Uwe ,   for the REVASK Study Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractCoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are available for revascularization of coronary artery disease (CAD) with the aims to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and to improve disease-related quality of life in particular. The German National Care Guideline (NVL-cKHK) on chronic CAD recommends the establishment of so-called heart teams for decision making in myocardial revascularization to improve the quality of care. Preferred recommendations for PCI or CABG are given for different patient subgroups depending on patient characteristics, concomitant diseases, and coronary morphology. The myocardial revascularization study (REVASK) is a noninterventional cohort study on care of patients undergoing PCI or CABG based on retrospective statutory health insurance (SHI) routine data, registry data from the German Cardiac Society (DGK) resp., the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (DGTHG), combined with prospective primary data collection from health care providers and patients. The primary goal is to investigate whether and to which extent heart teams, consisting of cardiologists and cardiac surgeons, increase guideline adherence in decision making for myocardial revascularization. Ultimately the study project aims to improve patient care in terms of decision making for appropriate myocardial revascularization. Through the consistent implementation of the German National Care Guideline on chronic Coronary Artery Disease (NVL-cKHK) and the European Guidelines on myocardial revascularization, the reduction of morbidity, mortality and the reduced need for subsequent revascularization procedures are also desirable from a health economics perspective.
A Prediction Model for Positive Infant Meconium and Urine Drug Tests
Authors: Simpson Elizabeth A. , Skoglund David A. , Stone Sarah E. , Sherman Ashley K. 
Published: December 2020

Objective This study aimed to determine the factors associated with positive infant drug screen and create a shortened screen and a prediction model.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of all infants who were tested for drugs of abuse from May 2012 through May 2014. The primary outcome was positive infant urine or meconium drug test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors. A combined screen was created, and test characteristics were analyzed.
Results Among the 3,861 live births, a total of 804 infants underwent drug tests. Variables associated with having a positive infant test were (1) positive maternal urine test, (2) substance use during pregnancy, (3) ≤ one prenatal visit, and (4) remote substance abuse; each p-value was less than 0.0001. A model with an indicator for having at least one of these four predictors had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 69%. Application of this screen to our population would have decreased drug testing by 57%. No infants had a positive urine drug test when their mother's urine drug test was negative.
Conclusion This simplified screen can guide clinical decision making for determining which infants should undergo drug testing. Infant urine drug tests may not be needed when a maternal drug test result is negative.
Key Points