bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in patients seeking orthodontic treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Lai Ye Choung , Yap Adrian Ujin , Türp Jens Christoph 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe objective of this systematic review was (a) to establish the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in patients seeking orthodontic treatment and (b) to determine the association between the presence of TMD and sex, age and malocclusion. A systematic literature search was performed according to PRISMA guidelines from 1969 to 2019 using the PubMed and LIVIVO databases. Eight study articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. An additional three contributions were identified through manual searching of the reference lists of retrieved articles. The methodological quality of the 11 articles was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for prevalence studies. TMD prevalence ranged from 21.1% to 73.3%. The frequency of painful TMD signs/symptoms varied from 3.4% to 65.7%, while non‐painful signs/symptoms ranged from 3.1% to 40.8%. The percentage of males and females presenting with TMD varied from 10.6% to 68.1% and 21.2 to 72.4%, respectively. In all studies, TMD prevalence was higher among females. The majority of articles reported more TMD signs/symptoms in individuals older than 18 years as compared to younger ones (≤18 years). While in four studies no association between TMD and malocclusion was found, another three investigations indicated that TMD may be related to certain occlusal traits. The TMD prevalence in patients seeking orthodontic treatment was high, with many individuals presenting painful TMD signs/symptoms. Female and older patients appear to have a greater occurrence of TMD. Although no strong association between TMD and malocclusion was established, several occlusal traits were implicated.
Barriers and facilitators to incident reporting in mental healthcare settings: A qualitative study
Authors: Archer Stephanie , Thibaut Bethan I. , Dewa Lindsay H. , Ramtale Christian , D’Lima Danielle , Simpson Alan , Murray Kevin , Adam Sheila , Darzi Ara 
Published: October 2019

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

The barriers and facilitators to incident reporting are becoming well known in general healthcare settings due to a large body of research in this area.

At present, it is unknown if these factors also affect incident reporting in mental healthcare settings as the same amount of research has not been conducted in these settings.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge

Some of the barriers and facilitators to incident reporting in mental healthcare settings are the same as general healthcare settings (i.e., learning and improvement, time and fear).

Other factors appear to be specific to mental healthcare settings (i.e., the role of patient diagnosis and how incidents involving assault are dealt with).

What are the implications for practice?

Interventions to improve incident reporting in mental healthcare settings may be adapted from general healthcare settings in some cases.

Bespoke interventions for mental healthcare settings that focus specifically on violence and aggression should be co‐designed with patients and staff.

Thresholds for incident reporting (i.e., what types of incidents will not be tolerated) need to be set, communicated and adopted Trust wide to ensure parity across staff groups and services.

AbstractIntroductionBarriers and facilitators to incident reporting have been widely researched in general health care. However, it is unclear if the findings are applicable to mental health care where care is increasingly complex.AimTo investigate if barriers and facilitators affecting incident reporting in mental health care are consistent with factors identified in other healthcare settings.MethodData were collected from focus groups (n = 8) with 52 members of staff from across West London NHS Trust and analysed with thematic analysis.ResultsFive themes were identified during the analysis. Three themes (a) learning and improvement, (b) time and (c) fear were consistent with the existing wider literature on barriers and facilitators to incident reporting. Two further themes (d) interaction between patient diagnosis and incidents and (e) aftermath of an incident—prosecution specifically linked to the provision of mental health care.ConclusionsWhilst some barriers and facilitators to incident reporting identified in other settings are also prevalent in the mental healthcare setting, the increased incidence of violent and aggressive behaviour within mental health care presents a unique challenge for incident reporting.Clinical implicationsAlthough interventions to improve incident reporting may be adapted/adopted from other settings, there is a need to develop specific interventions to improve reporting of violent and aggressive incidents.
High intake of sugars and starch, low number of meals and low roughage intake are associated with Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome in a Belgian cohort
Authors: Galinelli Nicolas , Wambacq Wendy , Broeckx Bart J. G. , Hesta Myriam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEquine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a pathological condition affecting the glandular and squamous regions of the stomach. It is characterized by non‐specific clinical signs, behavioural changes or can also be found without any overt clinical manifestations. Nutritional factors such as intermittent feeding, high sugars and starch intake, large amounts of straw as forage and prolonged time without access to forage have all been associated with an increased risk of equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD). The aim of this study was to investigate which nutritional practices are commonly seen in clinical ESGD cases in Belgium. Medical records of 27 horses referred to the equine nutritional service at Ghent University (2013–2018) due to equine gastric ulcer lesions were reviewed. Twenty‐one healthy horses referred for dietary evaluation during the same period were selected as control cases (CC). Dietary evaluation was performed on an individual basis. Forage/concentrate ratio on dry matter basis, forage content in the diet, total dietary sugars and starch intake per day and per meal were analysed. Retrospective descriptive and statistical analyses were performed. Significantly, higher amounts of forage intake (%DM per BW) in the CC vs. ESGD group were noted (p ≤ .05) with average values of 1.39 (SD ± 0.27) and 1.27 (SD ± 0.70) respectively. There were no significant differences for sugars and starch intake in g/kg BW/day (p = .18). However, the sugars and starch intake per meal (g/kg BW/meal) in the CC group (average value 1.06, SD ± 0.56) was significantly (p < .001) lower than in the EGUS group (average value 1.85 SD ± 0.78). Forage intake below the recommended absolute minimum value as well as high sugars and starch intake were most commonly associated with EGUS in the present case series. An adequate diet formulation taking into account these main nutritional factors is therefore essential to avoid gastric problems in horses.
Magnitude and characteristics of revictimization through child sexual abuse in Chile
Authors: Contreras Taibo Lorena , Huepe Artigas David , Navarrete García Gorka 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesIn recognition of the vulnerable situation that children and adolescents face as victims of sexual crimes, this research, the first of its kind in Latin America, studies the magnitude and characteristics of revictimization through child sexual abuse. This study aimed to provide current statistics on revictimization through child sexual abuse in Chile.MethodsThe study draws from a sample of 18,006 children and adolescent victims of sexual crimes. It examines cases reported in 2012 throughout Chile and encompasses all additional reports of sexual victimization filed by the same victims through January 2015. Information taken from the criminal case (SAF) database provided by the Chilean Prosecutor’s Office, and from National Service for Minors (Servicio Nacional de Menores, SENAME).Results12.2% of victims in the sample filed a new report during the period studied, on average 254 days after the first event was filed. In 40.1% of the cases, the perpetrator in the second case was the same as in the original victimization; however, in 59.9% of cases the perpetrator was a different person. Revictimization by the original perpetrator generally occurs sooner, within half of the time reported for a revictimization by a new perpetrator.ConclusionsThe frequency of revictimization in child sexual abuse is similar to that seen in other regions but occurs within shorter time frames than those reported globally.
The impact of immigration on local ethnic groups' demographic representativeness: The case study of ethnic French Canadians in Quebec
Authors: Gaudreault Charles 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of immigration on local ethnic groups' demographic weight (DW) by presenting a case study. In this study, the ethnic French Canadians (EFC), a group that makes up the majority of the Province of Quebec, were studied to evaluate the impact of immigration on their DW. It was found that EFC transitioned from a DW of 79% in 1971 to a DW of 64.5% in 2014; projections predict that EFC would decrease to a DW of 45% in 2050. Moreover, 45 immigration rate scenarios and total fertility rates were projected; it was found that immigration level and fertility level could be jointly classified into three categories related to their effect on ethno‐demographic decrease; one of these categories may help suggest a quantitative definition for the concept of mass immigration.
Aquinas, Instinct and the “Internalist” Justification of Faith
Authors: Stacey Gregory R. P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn recent decades, scholars have increasingly reached agreement on how to interpret Aquinas’ account of the rational grounding of faith. Drawing comparisons between Aquinas’ position and Alvin Plantinga's “Reformed Epistemology”, many commentators hold that according to Thomas, belief that the articles of faith are divinely revealed (and thus, true) can be rational even absent naturally perceptible evidence that the articles are so revealed. In Plantinga's terms, belief in the articles of faith is “properly basic”. Although this interpretation is plausible, its proponents have further argued or implied that Aquinas’ account only renders basic belief in the articles rationally justified in an “externalist” sense. Thomas’ observation that there is naturally perceptible evidence (e.g. miracles performed by prophets) that the articles are revealed is supposedly crucially important, because only the perception of such evidence renders belief in the articles justified in an internalist sense. In this article, I argue to the contrary that on Aquinas’ account, one with basic belief in the articles can have “internalist” justification for her belief without possessing naturally perceptible evidence that the articles are revealed. Thomas’ contention that basic belief in the articles of faith is rationally appropriate need not render him an “externalist” about epistemic justification.
Russellian monism and mental causation
Authors: Alter Torin , Coleman Sam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccording to Russellian monism, consciousness is constituted at least partly by quiddities: intrinsic properties that categorically ground dispositional properties described by fundamental physics. If the theory is true, then consciousness and such dispositional properties are closely connected. But how closely?The contingency thesissays that the connection is contingent. For example, on this thesis the dispositional property associated with negative charge might have been categorically grounded by a quiddity that is distinct from the one that actually grounds it. Some argue that Russellian monism entails the contingency thesis and that this makes its consciousness‐constituting quiddities epiphenomenal—a disastrous outcome for a theory that is motivated partly by its prospects for integrating consciousness into physical causation. We consider two versions of that argument, a generic version and an intriguing version developed by Robert J. Howell, which he bases on Jaegwon Kim's well‐known “exclusion argument.” We argue that neither succeeds.
Ability to move between self‐states and emotional experiencing and processing as predictors of symptomatic change
Authors: Fisher Hadar , HaCohen Nehama , Shimshi Sharon , Rand‐Lakritz Shira , Shapira Kineret , Tuval‐Mashiach Rivka 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesContemporary relational theories consider clients’ ability to move between multiple self‐states and clients’ ability to experience and process emotions to be two therapeutic processes inherently connected and fundamental to growth and change in psychotherapy. The current research aimed to empirically explore these theoretical assumptions by (1) examining the between‐ and within‐client temporal association between clients’ levels of ability to move between multiple self‐states and clients’ emotional experiencing and processing over the course of therapy, and by (2) testing whether this association would be more prominent for clients presenting good treatment outcomes.MethodBased on treatment outcome measures, two contrasting groups were selected, nine successful and nine unsuccessful. Ninety session transcripts (five per client) were analysed using the Two‐Person APES (TPA), an extension of the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale (APES), for the measurement of the ability to move between self‐states. Sessions were also analysed using the Experiencing Scale (EXP), for the measurement of emotional experiencing. For all predictors, we disaggregated within‐ and between‐client effects.ResultsNo association was found between EXP and TPA levels. However, at the between‐client level, an interaction effect was found indicating a positive correlation between TPA and EXP only for the good‐outcome cases, whereas a negative correlation between these variables was found for the poor‐outcome cases.ConclusionsThe ability to move between multiple self‐states and accessibility to emotional experiencing may be seen as complementary processes enhancing the effectiveness of therapy. However, a high level of one process combined with a low level of the other may be a sign of poor therapeutic outcome.Practitioner points

Clients’ capacity to negotiate between conflicted self‐states and their ability to experience and process emotions are two determinants working in a synergistic way to predict improvement in clients’ symptoms.

The presence of only one of these psychological processes without the other might be an indication of poor therapeutic outcome.

Therapists should aim to increase their clients’ progress in both the movement between self‐states and emotional experiencing.
Analysis of Mortality among Neonates and Children with Spina Bifida: An International Registry‐Based Study, 2001‐2012
Authors: Bakker Marian K. , Kancherla Vijaya , Canfield Mark A. , Bermejo‐Sanchez Eva , Cragan Janet D. , Dastgiri Saeed , De Walle Hermien E. K. , Feldkamp Marcia L. , Groisman Boris , Gatt Miriam , Hurtado‐Villa Paula , Kallen Karin , Landau Daniella , Lelong Nathalie , Lopez Camelo Jorge S. , Martínez Laura , Morgan Margery , Mutchinick Osvaldo M. , Nembhard Wendy N. , Pierini Anna , Rissmann Anke , Sipek Antonin , Szabova Elena , Tagliabue Giovanna , Wertelecki Wladimir , Zarante Ignacio , Mastroiacovo Pierpaolo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMedical advancements have resulted in better survival and life expectancy among those with spina bifida, but a significantly increased risk of perinatal and postnatal mortality for individuals with spina bifida remains.ObjectivesTo examine stillbirth and infant and child mortality among those affected by spina bifida using data from multiple countries.MethodsWe conducted an observational study, using data from 24 population‐ and hospital‐based surveillance registries in 18 countries contributing as members of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR). Cases of spina bifida that resulted in livebirths or stillbirths from 20 weeks' gestation or elective termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly (ETOPFA) were included. Among liveborn spina bifida cases, we calculated mortality at different ages as number of deaths among liveborn cases divided by total number of liveborn cases with spina bifida. As a secondary outcome measure, we estimated the prevalence of spina bifida per 10 000 total births. The 95% confidence interval for the prevalence estimate was estimated using the Poisson approximation of binomial distribution.ResultsBetween years 2001 and 2012, the overall first‐week mortality proportion was 6.9% (95% CI 6.3, 7.7) and was lower in programmes operating in countries with policies that allowed ETOPFA compared with their counterparts (5.9% vs. 8.4%). The majority of first‐week mortality occurred on the first day of life. In programmes where information on long‐term mortality was available through linkage to administrative databases, survival at 5 years of age was 90%‐96% in Europe, and 86%‐96% in North America.ConclusionsOur multi‐country study showed a high proportion of stillbirth and infant and child deaths among those with spina bifida. Effective folic acid interventions could prevent many cases of spina bifida, thereby preventing associated childhood morbidity and mortality.
Haptoglobin therapy has differential effects depending on severity of canine septic shock and cell‐free hemoglobin level
Authors: Remy Kenneth E. , Cortés‐Puch Irene , Sun Junfeng , Feng Jing , Lertora Juan J. , Risoleo Thomas , Katz Julia , Basu Swati , Liu Xiaohua , Perlegas Andreas , Kim‐Shapiro Daniel B. , Klein Harvey G. , Natanson Charles , Solomon Steven B. 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUNDDuring sepsis, higher plasma cell‐free hemoglobin (CFH) levels portend worse outcomes. In sepsis models, plasma proteins that bind CFH improve survival. In our canine antibiotic‐treated Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia model, with and without red blood cell (RBC) exchange transfusion, commercial human haptoglobin (Hp) concentrates bound and compartmentalized CFH intravascularly, increased CFH clearance, and lowered iron levels, improving shock, lung injury, and survival. We now investigate in our model how very high CFH levels and treatment time affect Hp's beneficial effects.MATERIALS AND METHODSTwo separate canine pneumonia sepsis Hp studies were undertaken: one with exchange transfusion of RBCs after prolonged storage to raise CFH to very high levels and another with rapidly lethal sepsis alone to shorten time to treat. All animals received continuous standard intensive care unit supportive care for 96 hours.RESULTSOlder RBCs markedly elevated plasma CFH levels and, when combined with Hp therapy, created supraphysiologic CFH‐Hp complexes that did not increase CFH or iron clearance or improve lung injury and survival. In a rapidly lethal bacterial challenge model without RBC transfusion, Hp binding did not increase clearance of complexes or iron or show benefits seen previously in the less lethal model.DISCUSSIONHigh‐level CFH‐Hp complexes may impair clearance mechanisms and eliminate Hp's beneficial effect during sepsis. Rapidly lethal sepsis narrows the therapeutic window for CFH and iron clearance, also decreasing Hp's beneficial effects. In designing clinical trials, dosing and kinetics may be critical factors if Hp infusion is used to treat sepsis.
Acute chlorfenapyr toxicity in 3 dogs from a single household
Authors: Davy Rachel B. , Campos Samantha , Lynch Alex M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical characteristics of acute chlorfenapyr toxicity in 3 dogs from a single household.Case SummaryA 4‐year‐old neutered female Labrador Retriever was presented with severe hyperthermia (42.6°C [108.6°F]). Emergency management consisting of fluid resuscitation, active cooling, general anesthesia, gastric lavage, activated charcoal administration, and intravenous lipid emulsion was started immediately on the suspicion of toxin exposure. The dog developed symptoms following peracute death in 2 other small breed dog housemates. All dogs had a rapid onset of gastrointestinal signs, neurologic signs, and panting. The dog made a rapid and complete recovery and was discharged 48 hours later. Examination of gastric contents collected from the deceased dogs identified the presence of chlorfenapyr.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first reported case of chlorfenapyr toxicity in dogs. Previous case reports in human medicine have reported a variable mortality rate, although 1 of 3 dogs described here made a complete recovery. Chlorfenapyr should be considered in cases of suspected toxicity with similar presenting signs.
Evaluation of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in a heterogeneous canine ICU population
Authors: Cazzolli Dava M. , Prittie Jennifer E. , Fox Philip R. , Lamb Ken 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the prevalence of low serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OH‐D) concentrations in critically ill dogs and determine whether vitamin D concentration measured at admission correlates with illness severity and patient outcome.DesignProspective observational study from December 2013 to July 2014.SettingPrivate referral teaching hospital ICU.AnimalsOne hundred eleven critically ill dogs admitted to the ICU, and 28 apparently healthy control dogs.InterventionsMeasurement of 25‐OH‐D concentration and assessment of physiological parameters required to calculate illness severity scores.Measurements and Main ResultsBlood was sampled to measure serum 25‐OH‐D concentration, point‐of‐care laboratory data (packed cell volume, total plasma protein, venous blood gas, electrolytes, plasma lactate, and blood glucose concentration), platelet count, and serum albumin within 12 hours of admission. Primary disease etiologies were determined. Mentation score, Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation (APPLE) fast score, length of ICU hospitalization, and survival to discharge were recorded. Low serum 25‐OH‐D concentrations were detected in 25% (28/111) of the ICU cohort; 25‐OH‐D concentrations (median; IQR) (89.2; 26.3 ng/mL [222; 140.0 nmol/L]) were significantly lower in hospitalized dogs compared with the healthy cohort (127.5; 44.5 ng/mL [318; 111.0 nmol/L]) (P < 0.0001). Serum 25‐OH‐D concentrations had a weak positive correlation with albumin (r = 0.34, P = 0.0003), but not with any other blood analyte evaluated. Serum concentration of 25‐OH‐D was also weakly correlated with APPLEfast score (r = 0.31, P = 0.001). 25‐OH‐D concentrations (median; IQR) were significantly higher in ICU dogs that survived to discharge (95.5; 55 ng/mL [238; 137 nmol/L]) compared with nonsurvivors (60.0; 54 ng/mL [149; 135 nmol/L]; P < 0.001).ConclusionsLow serum 25‐OH‐D was recorded in one‐quarter of critically ill dogs, and was significantly lower in nonsurvivors in comparison to survivors. There was weak correlation between serum 25‐OH‐D and illness severity. Further studies are required to clarify relationships between vitamin D status and outcome.