bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextualizing the Impact of ‘free’ Maternal Healthcare Policy Implementation: An Intrinsic Case Analysis of Maternal Healthcare Utilization and Stillbirth in Ghana
Authors: Azaare John , Akweongo Patricia , Aryeetey Genevieve Cecilia , Dwomoh Duah , Asambo Stephen Azari 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The inception of the 'Free’ Maternal Health Care Policy (FMHCP) in Ghana since 2008 has seen drastic improvement in maternal healthcare utilization, particularly antenatal care uptake and skilled delivery utilization. However, its impact against late pregnancy outcomes has yet to be examined contextually.Purpose: This study aimed to describe the implications of the ‘free’ policy funding constraints on maternal healthcare utilization and explain how factors play to contribute to stillbirth despite the increase in maternal healthcare utilization. Methods: The study adopted an intrinsic-case study method using qualitative techniques to collect primary data through one-on-one interviews with service providers, and focus group discussions for pregnant women. The study then interviewed an expert in healthcare practice and policy implementation as a key informer to triangulate the data for analysis. Deductive thematic analysis guided the approach to writing the report, where sub-themes also emerged inductively and are reported with verbatim quotes to aid explanatory power.Results: The study found that within increased skilled attendance, comes top-up payments for medicines and laboratory services among pregnant women despite the policy being described as ‘free’. The study also found that routine medicines such as folic acid, ferrous sulphate and multivitamin tablets are often in short supply in the ‘free’ policy credentialed facilities and affecting service provision and quality of care.Conclusion: We conclude that the increase in maternal healthcare utilization do not necessarily translate to desired late pregnancy outcomes in its current form, particularly within the context of acute shortages of medicine commodities. The Ministry of Health and its agencies should perhaps set agendas to ensure regular supply of drug commodities in hospitals and health centers to boost quality of care.
Adolescent's Health Needs in Aran Bidgol city in 2015-16: A Cross-Sectional study
Authors: bagheri azam , Lame Elahe , Mahdavipanah Mohammad , Darogheh Leila , sadat zohreh , nasiri saeideh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPaying attention to the health of adolescents, especially girls, is one of the Millennium Development Goals and one of the missions of the member countries of the World Health Organization. Considering the importance of the health of this age group and that the first step in designing a comprehensive health plan is to assess the needs of the target group in the community, so this study was conducted to determine the health needs of adolescents in Aran and Bidgol in 2015-16.MethodThis cross-sectional study was performed on 497 students of 12-18 years in Aran and Bidgol in 2015-16. The data collection tool used in this study is the Adolescent Health Needs Questionnaire which is a psychometric instrument in accordance with Iranian culture. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) with the help of descriptive statistics and Chi-square test.ResultsParticipants in the study were 53.30% girls and 46.70% boys. The mean score of students' health needs in order of priority included nutrition (22.09±3.80), physical activity (10.19±2.90), health education services (64.30±15.90), healthy communication with parents (44.60±7.60), personal hygiene (21.10±2.71), mental health and counseling services (52.50±7.90) and spiritual health (21.90±3.70). ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, it is suggested that educational programs and interventions be designed and implemented in schools in order of priority to address the needs in various areas such as nutrition, physical activity, and healthy communication with parents, personal hygiene and spiritual health.
WITHDRAWN: Role of Acute Kidney Injury in High-Risk Surgical Patients. A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.
Authors: katayama Henrique Tadashi , Gomes Brenno Cardoso , Lobo Suzana Margareth , Chaves Renato Carneiro de Freitas , Correa Thiago Domingos , Assunção Murillo Santucci Cesar , Neto Ary Serpa , Malbouisson Luiz Marcelo Sá , Júnior João Manoel Silva , Group Brasis study 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Patients who develop postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) have a poor prognosis, especially when undergoing high-risk surgery. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients with AKI acquired after noncardiac surgery and the possible risk factors for this complication. Methods: A multicenter, prospective cohort study with patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) after noncardiac surgery was conducted to assess whether they developed AKI. The outcomes of patients who developed AKI were then compared to those of patients who did not develop it. Results: A total of 29 ICUs participated, of which 904 involved high-risk surgical patients who were included in the study. The occurrence of AKI in the postoperative period was 15.8%, and the mortality rate of postoperative AKI patients at 28 days was 27.6%. AKI was strongly associated with 28-day mortality (OR = 2.91; 95% CI 1.51-5.62; P= 0.001), and higher length of ICU stay (P< 0.001), length of hospital stay (P<0.001) and length of mechanical ventilator stay (P<0.001). Independent factors for the risk of developing AKI were preoperative anemia (OR=7.0; P= 0.001), SAPS 3 ( OR= 1.04, P<0.001), postoperative vasopressor use (OR= 2.47; P<0.001), postoperative infection (OR= 8.8; P<0.001), need for reoperation (OR= 7.1; P<0.001) and elective surgery (OR= 0.4; P<0.001) was protective for AKI. In addition, patients with higher perioperative fluid balance had more chance for AKI.Conclusions: AKI is associated with risk of death. Patients with anemia prior to surgery, who had a higher SAPS 3, needed a postoperative vasopressor or had postoperative infection or needed reoperation were more likely to develop AKI, as were those with a higher perioperative fluid balance.
Blood Flow Changes in Forearm Arteries After Ultrasound-guided Costoclavicular Brachial Plexus Blocks: a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Xu Yang , Cui Derong , Zhang Junfeng , Ding Qian , Dong Jing , Wang Yan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAs a new approach, an infraclavicular brachial plexus block (BPB) at the costoclavicular space (CCS) has been shown to be effective in achieving a sensory and motor blockade in the forearm. However, no studies have assessed blood flow changes in the forearm arteries after a costoclavicular BPB. The purpose of the present study was to assess blood flow changes in the distal radial artery (RA) and ulnar artery (UA) after a costoclavicular BPB using color Doppler ultrasound.MethodsThirty patients who underwent amputated finger replantation and received an ultrasound-guided costoclavicular BPB were included in the study. The hemodynamic parameters of the RA and UA were recorded before the block and 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min after the block using color Doppler ultrasound to determine the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), mean velocity (Vmean), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and area. The volumetric flow rate (VFR) was calculated using the formula Q=area×Vmean. The aforementioned parameters were compared not only before and after the BPB but also between the RA and UA.ResultsThere was a significant increase in the PSV, EDV, Vmean, area, and VFR and a significant decrease in the PI and RI of the RA and UA 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min postblock compared with the respective baselines. The increase of 30 min postblock in EDV (258.68% in the RA, 279.63% in the UA) was the most notable, followed by that in the Vmean (183.36% in the RA, 235.24% in the UA), and the PSV (139.11% in the RA, 153.15% in the UA) changed minimally. The Vmean and VFR of the RA were significantly greater than those of the UA before the BPB, howerver, there was no significant difference in VFR between RA and UA after the BPB.ConclusionsA costoclavicular BPB can increase blood flow in the forearm arteries. The RA had a higher volumetric flow rate than the UA before the BPB; however, the potential blood supply capacity of the UA is similar to that of the RA after a BPB.Trial registration﻿This study was registered in Chictr.org.cn registry system on 12 June 2019 (ChiCTR1900023796).
Evaluation of the effects of a new integrated health management service model on p eople with risk factors for dyslipidemia
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Shuang , He Yi-Ni , Wu Bin , Wu Ying , Yu Kai , Qi Dian-Jun , Yu Xiao-Song 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Dyslipidemia is a factor that affects the occurrence and development of many chronic diseases. With its prevalence increasing each year, dyslipidemia has caused substantial disease and economic burdens in China and around the world. Appropriate health management is imperative for people with risk factors for dyslipidemia. We established a new model of health management services (integration of general practice and personalized disease prevention in health management, IGPDP) to more appropriately manage people with risk factors for dyslipidemia. Methods: The experiment was conducted in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. We selected 5 administrative districts with populations of more than 100,000. Twenty-three community health service centers with a daily average of more than 50 outpatients were selected. A total of 5,032 subjects with risk factors for dyslipidemia who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Using prospective cohort study methods, the subjects were followed up for 24 months. The subjects were randomly divided into the control and test groups, and they received traditional health management services or IGPDP. We analyzed and compared changes in disease prevention, health protection, and health promotion between the two groups.Results: In terms of disease prevention, we found that after the intervention, subjects' behavioral risk factors (smoking habits, diets, sedentary lifestyles) and health literacy improved. In terms of health protection, we observed a decrease in Body mass index (BMI), a gradual improvement in blood lipid levels, and an overall increase in quality of life scores. In terms of health promotion, after the intervention, the proportion of the subjects who were willing to accept the contracted services of general practitioners increased.Conclusion: IGPDP can effectively cultivate healthy lifestyles, improve health literacy, reduce biological risk factors, decrease risk of dyslipidemia, and improve quality of life of subjects. IGPDP is conducive to improving the quality of the service of general practitioners, increasing the trust of the general public, and facilitating the establishment of a hierarchical medical system.
Nitrogen-Centered Radical Mediated Anomeric Specific Cascade Amidoglycosylation of Glycals
Authors: Shang Wenbin , Zhu Chunyu , Peng Fengyuan , Pan Zhiqiang , Ding Yuzhen , Xia Chengfeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A nitrogen-centered radical-mediated strategy to prepare 1,2-trans 2-amino-2-deoxyglycosides in one step was established. The cascade amidoglycosylation was initiated by a benzenesulfonimide radical generated from NFSI under the catalytic reduction of TEMPO. The benzenesulfonimide radical electrophilic added to the glycals, then the resulted glycosidic radical was converted to oxocarbenium upon oxidation by TEMPO+, and enabled the following anomeric specific glycosylation.
Genetically Encoding Ultra-Stable Virus-like Particles Encapsulating Functional DNA Nanostructures in Living Bacteria
Authors: Zilberzwige-Tal Shai , Alon Dan , Gazit Danielle , Zachariah Shahar , Hollander Amit , Gazit Ehud , Elbaz Johann 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
DNA nanotechnology is leading the field of in vitro molecular-scale device engineering, accumulating to a dazzling array of applications from zeolite-like catalysts to bio-imaging. However, while DNA nanostructures' function is robust under in vitro settings, their implementation in real-world conditions requires overcoming their rapid degradation and subsequent loss of function. Viruses are incredibly sophisticated supramolecular assemblies, able to protect their nucleic acid content in the relatively inhospitable biological environment. Inspired by this natural ability, we engineered both in vitro and in vivo technologies, enabling the encapsulation and protection of functional DNA nanostructures inside MS2 bacteriophage virus-like particles (VLPs). We demonstrate the ssDNA-VLPs nanocomposites (NCs) abilities to encapsulate single-stranded-DNA (ssDNA) of an unprecedented variety of sizes (200–1500 nucleotides (nt)), sequences, and structures while retaining their functionality. Moreover, by exposing these NCs to hostile biological conditions, such as human blood serum, we exhibit that the VLPs serves as an excellent protective shell. To the best of our knowledge, these engineered NCs pose key properties that are yet unattainable by current fabrication methods.
Optimization of the de novo assembly of the transcriptome of the venom gland of Pamphobeteus verdolaga, prospecting novel bioactive peptides
Authors: Salinas-Restrepo Cristian , Misas Elizabeth , Estrada-Gomez Sebastian , Quintana Juan , Guzman Fanny , Calderon Juan Camilo , Giraldo Marco Antonio , Segura Cesar Hernando 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Spiders are among the most venomous animals in nature. Their venom constitutes a source of novel and innovative peptides and proteins with medicinal and biotechnological interest. However, their potential as antimicrobial, anti-cancerous, anti-hypertensive and even in the modulation of nociception is under-studied, mainly because handling the venom is technically challenging and there is paucity of next-generation-sequencing (NGS) data. Due to the increasing evidence of underestimation of the number of genes by the use of a single transcriptome assembler, we re-assembled and optimized the de novo transcriptome of the venom gland of the recently described Colombian spider P. verdolaga, by using three free access algorithms: Trinity, Soapdenovo and SPAdes. All the assemblies were evaluated by statistical parameters (e.g. contigs, GC%, max and min length and N50), by applying BUSCO´s terms retrieval against the arthropod data set to determine the best assembly for each software.Results: Our analyses show that while approximately 54% of all the assembled and structurally annotated sequences could be found in all three algorithms, around 23% of these were unique for Trinity and 21% were unique for SPAdes. The non-redundant merge of all three assemblies’ output permitted the annotation of 8640 sequences; at least 15% more when compared to each software separately, and an increase of 20% when compared to a previous P. verdolaga assembly. Analysis of the annotated genes allowed the identification of unreported lectins, kinins and over 200 peptides and proteins with potential antimicrobial and protease inhibition activities. Furthermore, homology search against the Arachnoserver database and the EROP knowledgebase allowed the identification of 135 novel theraphotoxins of biotechnological interest.Conclusion: Transcriptomic data is of utmost importance for spiders, as it is one of the more feasible and scalable ways to characterize these organisms. However, the use of a single de novo assembler implies an under representation of the expressed sequences, as it has been shown here. In the generation of data for non-model organisms as well as in the search for novel peptides and proteins with biotechnological interest, it is highly recommended that at least two different assemblers are employed.
PacBio single molecule real-time sequencing-based full-length transcriptome of tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) and mining of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
Authors: Deng Honghong , Liao Ming’an , Lv Xiulan , Lin Lijin , Deng Qunxian , Wang Zhihui , Wang Jin , Liang Dong , Hui Xia , Wang Xun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Tree tomato (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn.) is a neglected, fast-growing, promising small fruit crop which provides a rich source of nutrition for human consumption. However, the transcriptome atlas of this important species is still lacking.Results: In this study, RNA samples from a broad diversity of tissues (roots, leaves, stems, flowers and fruits) of tree tomato were sequenced using Pacific Biosciences’ long-read single-molecule real-time sequencing technology. A total of 308699 full-length non-chimeric sequences with a mean length of 1005 bp and an N50 length of 1974 bp were obtained from our multi-tissue normalized cDNA libraries. A total of 140327, 104294, 135138, 78300, 53520, 152310 and 53520 transcripts were functionally annotated using Nr, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, KOG, GO, Nt and Pfam databases, respectively. Gene structural characteristics of the full-length transcriptome of tree tomato was subsequently investigated, including the predication of coding sequence and the identification of transcription factor families, long non-coding RNA and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker. Thirty primers were randomly selected to evaluate the application of SSR markers, 23 of which obtained successfully amplification.Conclusions: This is the first confident characterization of FL transcriptome profiling of tree tomato. The large-scale and high-quality transcriptome atlas and SSR molecular markers provided in the present study will facilitate further genetic studies of this important species.
Turkish handwriting recognition system using multi-layer perceptron
Authors: Kuncan Melih , Vardar Enes , Kaplan Kaplan , Ertunç H. Metin 
Published: November 2020

Recently, handwriting recognition has found many application areas along with technological advances. Handwriting recognition systems can greatly simplify human life by reading tax returns, forwarding mail, reading bank checks, and so on. On the other hand, these systems can reduce the need for human interaction. Therefore, academic and commercial studies of handwriting characters have recently become an important research topic in pattern recognition. In this study, Turkish handwritten letter recognition system from A to Z was developed in C++ environment by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). After the feature data were extracted, handwriting images were presented to the network, the training process of ANN was completed, and different handwriting images were classified with trained ANN. In this study, MLP (Multi-Layered Perceptron: MLP) type ANN and back-propagation learning algorithm were used. The ANN used has 35 inputs and 23 outputs. In the hidden layer, ANNs with different numbers of artificial neural cells (neurons) were evaluated and the most appropriate neural number ANN was selected. As a result, ANN with 24 neurons was selected in the hidden layer and handwriting images was classified with an accuracy rate of 94.90 %.
Comparative Analysis of Bilateral Filter and its Variants for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Kaur Bobbinpreet , Dogra Ayush , Goyal Bhawna 
Published: November 2020

Background:
With the increase in research in the direction of making images noise free a number of algorithms have been designed.

Methods:
The choice of Denoising method will be made in such a way that it reduces or removes noise content on one hand and on the other hand it preserves the information content of the image. Our article focuses on analyzing the performance of bilateral filters and its derivatives for Denoising of MRI images.

Results:
The bilateral filter is a hybridized version of basic range filtering and domain filtering techniques.

Conclusion:
A comparative review of these filters is presented for MRI images taking different altitudes of Gaussian noise added to the image.
Comprehensive Computer-Aided Decision Support Framework to Diagnose Tuberculosis From Chest X-Ray Images: Data Mining Study
Authors: Owais Muhammad , Arsalan Muhammad , Mahmood Tahir , Kim Yu Hwan , Park Kang Ryoung 
Published: November 2020

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most infectious diseases that can be fatal. Its early diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce the mortality rate. In the literature, several computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tools have been proposed for the efficient diagnosis of TB from chest radiograph (CXR) images. However, the majority of previous studies adopted conventional handcrafted feature-based algorithms. In addition, some recent CAD tools utilized the strength of deep learning methods to further enhance diagnostic performance. Nevertheless, all these existing methods can only classify a given CXR image into binary class (either TB positive or TB negative) without providing further descriptive information.

Objective
The main objective of this study is to propose a comprehensive CAD framework for the effective diagnosis of TB by providing visual as well as descriptive information from the previous patients’ database.

Methods
To accomplish our objective, first we propose a fusion-based deep classification network for the CAD decision that exhibits promising performance over the various state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, a multilevel similarity measure algorithm is devised based on multiscale information fusion to retrieve the best-matched cases from the previous database.

Results
The performance of the framework was evaluated based on 2 well-known CXR data sets made available by the US National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health. Our classification model exhibited the best diagnostic performance (0.929, 0.937, 0.921, 0.928, and 0.965 for F1 score, average precision, average recall, accuracy, and area under the curve, respectively) and outperforms the performance of various state-of-the-art methods.

Conclusions
This paper presents a comprehensive CAD framework to diagnose TB from CXR images by retrieving the relevant cases and their clinical observations from the previous patients’ database. These retrieval results assist the radiologist in making an effective diagnostic decision related to the current medical condition of a patient. Moreover, the retrieval results can facilitate the radiologists in subjectively validating the CAD decision.
PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE TOPICAL GEL FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFANTILE HEMANGIOMA
Authors: MURALI MANEESHA , THAYYILAKANDY SUJAID , P. A. MUHAMMED SHAFI , VENU ARATHI , SURENDRAN SARITHA A. , NAIR SREEJA C. 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To formulate and evaluate propranolol hydrochloride topical gel for overcoming the limitations and low oral bioavailability associated with conventional therapy.
Methods: The propranolol hydrochloride topical gels were prepared by the cold mechanical method. The preliminary evaluation and further characterisation studies was conducted to find the optimised formulation. The in vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies were investigated. The histopathological studies and stability studies was also assessed.
Results: The propranolol hydrochloride topical gel was successfully prepared. The in vitro release of optimized topical propranolol hydrochloride gel formulation (G2) showed the highest cumulative percentage drug release that is, 95.55%±0.15 after 7.5 h. (G2) the formulation showed a higher flux value of 4.61μg/cm2/h. The histopathological study using pig skin revealed that the optimized formulation was found to be safe for topical application.
Conclusion: The formulated topical gel containing propranolol Hydrochloride seems to be a promising dosage form for enhanced skin delivery of propranolol hydrochloride in treating Infantile Hemangioma.