bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Fast Dissolving Oral Films Containing Vitamin B6 for Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy (NVP)
Authors: BEYATRICKS JESINDHA , Dhananjaya , 
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate the oral fast-dissolving film of Vitamin B6 for the effective management of motion sickness and vomiting during pregnancy. Fast-dissolving films were prepared by the solvent-casting method using different polymers, HPMC-15 and Pullulan, along with Propylene glycol as a plasticizer. The Fourier-transform infrared study for the drug-polymer interaction was carried out. Evaluation of physical parameters such as physical appearance, surface texture, uniformity of weight, uniformity of strip thickness, surface pH, folding endurance, uniformity of drug content and percentage of moisture absorption were performed. Kinetic data analysis for the release study and the stability study were also performed. Results of uniformity of weight, thickness, folding endurance, surface pH, percentage drug content, tensile strength and percentage elongation of all the films were found to be satisfactory. The Fourier-transform infrared study indicated that there was no interaction between the drug and the polymers. The in-vitro drug release study showed that a better rate of drug release was achieved by formulations F4 and F8 compared with other formulations. The stability study did not show any significant difference in the external appearance, the drug content and the in-vitro drug release. In conclusion present study suggested that fast dissolving films has a better ability to cross the sublingual barrier at a faster rate, and hence the delivery system was found to be promising as it has the potential of overcoming the drawbacks associated with tablet formulations available in the market presently.
Keywords: Fast-dissolving film, Vitamin B6, HPMC-15, Pullulan gum, Mango peel pectin, Crospovidone, solvent casting
Un estudio de las políticas sociales sobre PVVS (personas viviendo con VIH-Sida) en la ciudad de Río Gallegos Provincia de Santa Cruz (2015 - 2017)
Authors: Ramírez Sergio Daniel , Escobar Raquel , Bustamante Herna , Pérez Iris , Mocca Javier , Zubimendi Edurne , Guaquel Alicia , Martínez Maira , Delgado Cristina 
Published: December 2019

El estado argentino, garantiza desde la Ley Nacional de Sida 23.798, su decreto reglamentario 1244/91 y mediante el Programa Nacional de Lucha contra los Retrovirus Humanos SIDA (LUSIDA) el suministro gratuito de la medicación antiretroviral (ARV) y el tratamiento integral para las personas viviendo con VIH SIDA (PVVS). En este contexto interesa analizar su implementación en relación a las personas conviviendo con VIH-SIDA y el modo en el cual se aborda esta problemáticas en la ciudad de Río Gallegos y describir la relación de las políticas públicas sociales en los distintos niveles municipal, provincial y ONG vinculadas a la atención, tratamiento y prevención.
Para esto se lleva a cabo una investigación de estudio descriptivo mediante la utilización de encuestas y entrevistas a las personas responsables de su implementación y entrevistas a personas conviviendo con el virus, consultas de documentos, investigaciones sobre el tema, datos estadísticos y encuestas a ONGs de la localidad. De esta indagación surge que el programa se implementa según las condiciones de atención médica y suministro de medicamentos. Aún resta que la difusión del tema para el cuidado sea una prioridad hacia la comunidad en general y para sectores de las organizaciones de la sociedad. Este escrito da cuenta de este proceso con los resultados alcanzados y los obstáculos que se presentan para cumplir con los objetivos propuestos.
How do Risk-Based Inspections Impact Auditor Behavior? Experimental Evidence on the PCAOB's Process
Authors: Bhaskar Lori Shefchik 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
I provide theory-based causal evidence on the effects of risk-based regulatory inspections, modeled after the PCAOB's, on auditor behavior in a multi-client setting where clients with relatively higher misstatement risk (“higher-risk” clients) have a higher risk of being inspected than clients with relatively lower misstatement risk (“lower-risk” clients). I predict and find that inspections increase auditor effort, but only for higher-risk clients. Inspections also impair auditors' decision performance for lower-risk clients relative to a regime without inspections and relative to higher-risk clients within an inspections regime, ceteris paribus. Theory-based process model results show that inspections increase auditors' perceived inspection risks, which increase auditor effort for higher-risk clients, but also increase auditors' task-related anxiety, resulting in decreased decision performance for lower-risk clients. Notwithstanding the previously identified benefits, this study identifies potential unintended consequences of risk-based regulatory inspections.
Kışlık Buğdaylarda Kök ve Kökboğazı Çürüklüğüne Sebep Olan Fusarium spp. İzolatları Arasındaki Genetik Varyasyonun Retrotranzpozon Temelli iPBS Markörleri ile İncelenmesi
Authors: ALKAN Mehtap , GÖRE Mehmet Erhan , BAYRAKTAR Harun , ÖZER Göksel 
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada,
kışlık buğdaylarda kök ve kökboğazı çürüklüğüne sebep olan farklı Fusarium türlerine ait izolatlar arasındaki genetik çeşitlik,
retrotranspozon temelli olan primerler arası bağlanma bölgesi (iPBS) markörleri
kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında Türkiye ve
Azerbaycan buğday yetiştirme alanlarından 32 Fusarium türü izolat elde
edilmiştir. İzolatlar arasında en yaygın
bulunan tür 23 izolat ile F. culmorum
olarak belirlenmiş, bunu beş izolat ile F.
pseudograminearum ve dört izolat ile F.
graminearum takip etmiştir. Yedi iPBS retrotranspozon markörü izolatlar için
99 adeti polimorfik (%86.8) olmak üzere 114 bant üretmiş, primer başına
ortalama 14.14 polimorfik bant elde edilmiştir. Markörlerin polimorfik bilgi
içeriği (PIC) ortalama 0.17 olup, bu değer 0.10 ile 0.29 arasında değişmiştir. iPBS
markörleri ile elde edilen verilere dayalı ağırlıklı olmayan aritmetik ortalama
eş grup metodu (UPGMA) küme analizlerinin sonrasında elde edilen dendrogramda,
izolatlar tür seviyesinde ile üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Ayrıca grup içerisinde yer
alan izolatlar ise orijini olan ülkeye göre dağılım sergilemiştir. Popülasyon
yapısı, Bayesian modellemesine dayanılarak hesaplanmış ve sonuçlar
dendrogramdaki izolatların kümelenmesini destekleyecek şekilde üç popülasyona
ayrılmış (K = 3) ve Ln olasılığının
en yüksek ortalama değeri (-476.0) eşlik etmiştir. iPBS markörlerinin
kullanılması, türler arası seviyede oldukça yüksek düzeyde polimorfizm üretmiş
olup türlerin birbirinden ayrılmasını sağlamıştır. Çalışma, buğdaydan elde
edilmiş Fusarium spp. izolatlarının
genetik çeşitliliğini ve popülasyon yapısını iPBS markörleri analizi ile ortaya
koyan ilk çalışma olma özelliği taşımaktadır.
Türkiye Kökenli Diploid ve Tetraploid Kavuzlu Buğday Hatlarının Bazı Agro-morfolojik Özellikler Bakımından Tanımlanması
Authors: COŞKUN İlknur , TEKİN Mehmet , AKAR Taner 
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışma ile Türkiye’nin 3
farklı ilinden (Konya, Kayseri ve Kastamonu) toplanmış popülasyonlardan 6 yıl
boyunca seçilen toplam 36 siyez (Triticum
monoccocum L.) ve 49 gernik buğday (Triticum
dicoccum L.) hattının morfolojik ve tarımsal özellikler bakımından
tanımlanması amaçlanmıştır. Toplam 85 kavuzlu buğday hattı, morfolojik ve tarımsal
özellikler yönüyle değerlendirilmek üzere 1 metre uzunluğunda ikişerli sıralar
halinde sıra arası 30 cm olacak şekilde Akdeniz Üniversitesi Yerleşkesi’nde
yetiştirilmiştir. Morfolojik özellik olarak
büyüme şekli (habitusu), başak sıklığı, kavuz rengi, dane rengi, dane büyüklüğü
ve danede camsılık oranı incelenmiştir. Tarımsal özellikler bakımından bitki
boyu (cm), başak boyu (cm), başakta dane sayısı (adet), başaklanma gün sayısı
(gün), m2’deki başak sayısı (adet), dane verimi (g m-2),
biyolojik verim (g m-2), hasat indeksi (%) ve bin dane ağırlığı (g)
incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda türler arasında ve içerisinde özellikle tarımsal
özellikler önemli seviyede varyasyon gözlenmiştir. Siyez hatlarının ortalama olarak
bitki boyu, başak boyu, m2’deki başak sayısı, dane verimi ve bin
dane ağırlığı sırasıyla 107.9 cm, 4.9 cm, 751.4 adet m-2, 311.7 g m-2
ve 21.6 g bulunmuştur. Gernik hatlarının ortalama bitki boyu, başak boyu,
m2’deki başak sayısı, dane verimi ve bin dane ağırlığı sırasıyla 101.7 cm, 5.9
cm, 548.9 adet m-2, 368.1 g m-2 ve 35.9 g olarak
saptanmıştır. Elde edilen morfolojik ve tarımsal özellikler araştırmada
kullanılan kavuzlu buğday hatlarının ıslah çalışmalarına katkı sağlayabilecek
genetik varyasyona sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.
Evaluation of species identification and rabies virus characterization among bat rabies cases in the United States
Authors: Pieracci Emily G. , Brown Jennifer A. , Bergman David L. , Gilbert Amy , Wallace Ryan M. , Blanton Jesse D. , Velasco-Villa Andres , Morgan Clint N. , Lindquist Scott , Chipman Richard B. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate species identification and rabies virus (RABV) characterization among samples from bats submitted for rabies testing in the United States and assess whether a standardized approach to specimen selection for RABV characterization could enhance detection of a sentinel event in virus dissemination among bats.

SAMPLE
United States public health rabies surveillance system data collected in January 2010 through December 2015.

PROCEDURES
The number of rabies-tested bats for which species was reported and the number of RABV-positive samples for which virus characterization would likely provide information regarding introduction of novel RABV variants and translocation and host-shift events were calculated. These specimens were designated as specimens of epizootiological importance (SEIs). Additionally, the estimated test load that public health laboratories could expect if all SEIs underwent RABV characterization was determined.

RESULTS
Species was reported for 74,928 of 160,017 (47%) bats submitted for rabies testing. Identified SEIs were grouped in 3 subcategories, namely nonindigenous bats; bats in southern border states, Florida, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands; and bats of species that are not commonly found to be inflected with RABV. Annually, 692 (95% CI, 600 to 784) SEIs were identified, of which only 295 (95% CI, 148 to 442) underwent virus characterization. Virus characterization of all SEIs would be expected to increase public health laboratories’ overall test load by 397 (95% CI, 287 to 506) samples each year.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Species identification and RABV characterization may aid detection of a sentinel event in bat RABV dissemination. With additional resources, RABV characterization of all SEIs as a standardized approach to testing could contribute to knowledge of circulating bat RABV variants.
El poder de las palabras y las palabras del poder
Authors: Lomas Carlos 
Published: December 2019

El aprendizaje del uso de las palabras ha de estar al servicio de la comunica­ción entre las personas y de la convivencia democrática. Por ello, la educación lingüística debería entenderse no sólo como una tarea orientada a enseñar una serie de técnicas y de estrategias que favorezcan el aprendizaje de competencias comunicativas sino tambi´én como una oportunidad para identificar y evaluar en las aulas los efectos culturales del hacer lingüístico y comunicativo de los textos y para fomentar una conciencia crítica contra los usos y abusos de los que es objeto el lenguaje cuando se pone al servicio de la discrimina­ción, del menosprecio, de la injusticia, de la ocultación y de la mentira. En otras palabras, la educación lingüística no debiera disociarse de la enseñanza y del aprendizaje de actitudes éticas y de conocimientos sociolingüísticos que fomenten en las aulas el aprendizaje de la democracia y el aprecio de la diver­sidad lingüística y cultural de las comunidades de habla. De ahí la importancia de contribuir desde la educación a la emancipación comunicativa del alumnado y de fomentar una actitud crítica ante la utilización del lenguaje al servicio de ideologías y de acciónes que en nada favorecen la equidad, la democracia y la convivencia armoniosa entre las personas y los pueblos.
"A mis doce años de edad estuve a punto de ser atropellado por una bicicleta. Un aseñor cura que pasaba me salvó con un grito: ¡Cuidado! El ciclista cayó a tierra. El señor cura, sin detenerse, me dijo: ¿Ya vio lo que es el poder de la palabra?". Gabriel García Márquez (2004)
Prescribing patterns and economic costs of proton pump inhibitors in Colombia
Authors: Machado-Alba Jorge E , Fernández Alejandra , Castrillón Juan D , Campo Carlos F , Echeverri Luis F , Gaviria Andrés , Londoño Manuel J , Ochoa Sergio A , Ruiz Joaquín O 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To determine the prescribing patterns for proton pump inhibitors and to estimate the economic cost of their use in a group of patients affiliated with the Colombian Health System.Methods: This is a descriptive observational study. Data for analysis consisted of prescriptions dispensed between October 1st, 2010 and October 31st, 2010 and were collected from a systematic database of 4.2 million members. Socio-demographic variables were considered along with the defined daily dose, co-medication, convenience of the indication for proton pump inhibitor use and costs.Results: In this study, 113,560 prescriptions were dispensed in 89 cities, mostly to women (57.6%) with a mean age of 54.4 ± 18.7 yrs; the drugs were omeprazole (n= 111,294; 97.8%), esomeprazole (n= 1,378; 1.2%), lansoprazole (n= 524; 0.4%), pantoprazole and rabeprazole. The indication for 87,349 of the formulas (76.9%) was justified and statistically associated with the use of NSAIDs, antithrombotics, corticosteroids, anti-ulcer, antibiotics and prokinetics. No justification was found for 26,211 (23.1%) of the prescriptions, which were associated with antidiabetics, antihypertensives, hypolipidemics and others (p <0.001). The annual justified cost was estimated to be US$ 1,654,701 and the unjustified cost was estimated to be U.S. $ 2,202,590, as calculated using the minimum reference prices.Discussion: Each month, the Colombian health system is overloaded by unjustified costs that include payments for non-approved indications of proton pump inhibitors and for drugs outside the list of essential medications.This issue is contributing to rising costs of healthcare in Colombia.
Conversions of the convolution operation to the sum and the asymptotic behavior of the stable polynomials coefficients
Authors: Цирлин Анатолий Михайлович , Заева Mаргарита Aнатольевна 
Published: December 2019

Известны интегральные преобразования, для которых свертка в области оригиналов (функций скалярного действительного переменного) преобразуется в сумму изображений (функций скалярного действительного переменного). Эти преобразования задаются с точностью до линейного оператора.
Рассмотрены свойства одного из подобных преобразований, для которого экспонента преобразуется в экспоненту: eго связь с преобразованием Лапласа, преобразования некоторых конкретных функций и операций дифференцирования, интегрирования, сдвига, изменения масштаба времени, умножения на экспоненту и другие.
Переход от плотности распределения случайной величины к ее кумулянтам называют кумулянтным преобразованием, по аналогии все преобразования, переводящие свертку оригиналов в сумму отображений названы кумулянтными. Показано, что формулы Ньютона, реализующие связь сумм одинаковых степеней корней полинома с его коэффициентами, являются кумулянтным преобразованием, так же как переход от функции действительного переменного к фазе или логарифму модуля ее преобразования по Фурье.
Обсуждаются возможности использования таких преобразований. Получены условия, при выполнении которых последовательность коэффициентов устойчивого полинома, являющаяся сверткой устойчивых полиномов первой и второй степени, с ростом числа этих полиномов асимптотически нормальна.
Jaringan Komunikasi Tentang Adopsi Inovasi Tabungan “Simpel” IB (Islamic Banking) SMK Batik Kelas X.A
Authors: Permatasari Yulindha 
Published: December 2019

"Simple" savings are a new idea among students, so the decision to adopt an innovation requires the role of individuals and social networks. The communication process that occurs between individuals who are members of a group forms a flow of information exchange that is patterned and forms a communication network. As a result of interactions that occur in the communication network there is an exchange of information about innovations which then affect the adoption process.
After an analysis, it was concluded that the process of adoption of innovation in SMK BATIK Surakarta was included in the medium and high categories. It can be seen that in the initial stage of knowledge where students of SMK BATIK Surakarta begin to realize the innovation of the "Simple" savings program iB BPR Syariah Syariah Mulia, knowing their functions, benefits and prerequisites, 73% of students at SMK BATIK 1 Surakarta are in the high category, while 27% of group members are in the medium category.
After understanding the innovation of the iB BPR Syariah Dana Mulia "Simple" savings program, the next stage of persuasion takes place where students of SMK BATIK 1 Surakarta begin to determine their attitude to accept or reject the innovation of the "Simple" iB BPR Syariah Dana Mulia savings program. The percentage of students who are still hesitant to accept the "Simpel" iB BPR Syariah Dana Mulia savings program is higher than the percentage of students who receive the "Simpel" iB BPR Syariah Dana Mulia savings program
KAJIAN POTENSI BAHAYA KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DI KABUPATEN SERANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENILAIAN KETERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKAR SECARA VISUAL
Authors: Raharjo Akhmadi Puguh 
Published: December 2019

Kebakaran hutan dan lahan (Karhutla) merupakan bencana yang rutin melanda Indonesia setiap tahunnya. Saat ini dibutuhkan suatu metode penilaian potensi bahaya kebakaran hutan yang mudah dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan dalam menghadapi bencana. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menerapkan metode penilaian potensi bahaya Karhutla secara visual di Kabupaten Serang pada empat kelas lahan yang memiliki potensi Karhutla yakni hutan, kebun atau perkebunan, tegalan atau ladang dan semak belukar. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kelas lahan hutan memiliki potensi bahaya Karhutla sangat tinggi, sementara kelas lahan kebun dan semak belukar memiliki potensi bahaya sedang. Kelas lahan tegalan atau ladang memiliki potensi bahaya Karhutla paling rendah. Dilihat dari persentase wilayah di Kabupaten Serang, potensi bahaya Karhutla dapat dibagi menjadi: rendah (4,38%), sedang (27,51%) dan sangat tinggi (6,41%). Pendetilan kajian di masa yangakan datang diperlukan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih akurat.
Pengaruh Pengungkapan Sustainability Report Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan Publik di Indonesia
Authors: Mulpiani Winri 
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pengungkapan sustainability report yaitu variabel dimensi ekonomi, dimensi lingkungan, dan dimensi sosial terhadap kinerja keuangan (ROA) dan kinerja pasar (Tobin’s Q). Indeks yang digunakan sebagai pedoman pengungkapan sustainability report pada penelitian ini berdasarkan Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standar. Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode 2015-2017. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purpose sampling. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 26 perusahaan. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengungkapan dimensi ekonomi, dimensi lingkungan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pasar, sedangkan dimensi sosial tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan dan kinerja pasar. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan implikasi sebagai bahan pertimbangan bagi manajer dalam melakukan perbaikan maupun peningkatan kinerja perusahaan kemudian sebagai informasi bagi investor dalam menentukan keputusan investasi.
Rain Water Characterization at Urban and Rural (North B) Unguja
Authors: Mohamed Abdul A. J. , Kombo Ussi Makame , Kombo Miza Ali 
Published: December 2019

Aim of the study was to assess the physicochemical characteristics of rainwater at urban and rural (north B) Unguja. Twenty four (24) rainwater samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) and cations: calcium (Ca2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe2+), chromium (Cr VI) , and anions: fluoride (F-), nitrite and sulfate (SO42-). The investigated physicochemical parameters in the rainwater samples were within the permissible limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water quality guidelines. The ranges of concentration for the physical parameters analyzed were; pH: (5.8 – 7.7), EC: (5.08 – 35.6 µS/cm), TDS: (1.68 – 20.16 mg/L, Ca: (0.163 – 24.331 mg/L), Cr: (VI) : (BDL – 0.029 mg/L), Cu: (BDL - 0.085 mg/L); Fe: (BDL – 0.068), anions were SO42- : (BDL – 5.00 mg/L) and F- : (BDL – 0.5 mg/L). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference for the measured parameters between urban and rural areas. This is a good indication that the air quality in Zanzibar is remarkably not polluted with respect to the parameters studied.
Election and Development in Federal Nepal: Perspective of APF in Election Security
Authors: Khaniya Bharat , Sharma Arun Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Free and fair elections are the elements that contribute in strengthening the democracy. They are more important for the fragile democracies like Nepal. The new constitution promulgated in 2015 by Constituent Assembly led the country to federal state. Elections of all three tiers of government were to be held within two years from the date of promulgation. The constitution granted a number of tasks to be performed by local bodies for the development of the country. Elections and development are interrelated and connected. Elections elect candidates and those candidates are the vehicle of development. But the first year passed by without doing much and later government had to execute the task within the period of eight months. Local elections were planned and held in three phases due to security reason, whereas, provincial and federal elections were completed in two phases. All security forces mobilized in duty performed their duty well and elections went on peacefully except some petty incident in some parts of the country.
This article is centered on the security provision of election and a long-term security plan. It needs to be prioritized by the government, as the security situation deteriorates further each day. Anti-election elements, agitating groups attempting to achieve their rights, lack of law and order, and banditry are just some of the security challenges Nepal is currently facing, and affects the ability to hold free and fair elections. Consequently, security is integral and inseparable part of an election and electoral process. The study concluded that the security agencies were proactive, capable of providing security to the political leaders, candidates and voters perform their functions effectively and peacefully during legislative elections 2017.