bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incidence and mortality of cancer in Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) and its relationship with Human Development Index (HDI): An Ecological Study
Authors: Khazaei Zaher , Navabi Mojgan , Darvishi Isan , Goodarzi Elham 
Published: April 2020

Background: the cancer was considered as the second cause of mortality in the developed countries and all around the world after the cardiovascular diseases. Also, it was reported as the third cause of mortality in the less developed countries after cardiovascular diseases. The current study was aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, incidence, and mortality of all cancers in East-Mediterranean region by gender and age.
Methods: This study was an ecologic study in Asia for assessment of the correlation between age-specific incidence rate (ASIR) and age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) with HDI (life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and gross national income (GNI) per capita) Data about SIR and SMR for every Asian country for the year 2012 were obtained from the global cancer project. Correlation bivariate method for assessment of the correlation between incidence and mortality rates was used. Statistical analysis using Stata-14 and P 05/0, respectively and a significant <0.05.
Results: in East-Mediterranean region, some 555318 cases of cancer recorded in 2012. The highest incidence rates of cancer were reported for breast, colo-rectum, lung, liver, and bladder being 17.9%, 5.9%, 5.9%, 5.3%, and 5%, respectively. Also, the highest mortality of cancer were reported for breast, colo-rectum, lung, liver, and bladder being 11.5%, 5.8%, 5.9%, 7.6%, and 3.8%, respectively.
The highest and lowest mortality ratios were reported for Somalia, and Saudi Arabia being 106.2, and 53.9 cases per 100000 people, respectively. Lung cancer and Human Development Index (HDI) had significant correlation with each other (P> 0.05). Also, a significant correlation was seen between Human Development Index (HDI) and mortality rates of breast, colorectal, lung and liver cancer (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: the cancer was considered as one of the main causes of mortality in the most countries of East-Mediterranean region. The breast and colorectal cancers were reported as the most common types of cancer in this region. As for the alarming trend and remarkable distribution of cancer to the disease load in East-Mediterranean countries, controlling the cancer should be considered as one of the priorities of health policy.
Key words: Cancer, Incidence, Mortality, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO).
Prevalence of sleep problems and its relation to sleeping habits in toddlers
Authors: Maree Sima , Mohammadi Zidi Esa , Yari Saeed , Javadi Maryam 
Published: April 2020

Background: Sleep problems in children have serious physical and psychological consequences such as obesity, aggression and attention deficit disorder in toddlers. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sleep problems and its relation with sleeping habits of toddlers in 2017.
Methods: By random sampling from rural families of Razan city of Hamadan province, 120 mothers of 12- to 36-month-old children were selected and data collection tools included contextual questions, medical history and 33-question questionnaire of children's sleep habits (CSHQ) completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23, independent t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression.
Results: The mean age of the children was 22.82±7.53 months and 55% of them were boys and the prevalence of sleep problems was 70.8% (95% confidence interval: 71.9-69.7). The average sleep duration of the children was 11 hours and more than 60% of the children went to bed after 23 o'clock. Results show that age is an important factor in most dimensions of CSHQ and age predicts daytime sleepiness (β = -0.263), nocturnal wakefulness (β = -0.113) and duration, Sleep time (β = -0.108) and sleep resistance (β = 0.194) respectively. Also, parents' education and child's current weight were predictors of subscales of CSHQ questionnaire (P <0.05). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between sleep duration with infant sleep anxiety (r = 0.527) and resistance to sleep (r = 0.473) as well as nocturnal wakefulness with parasomnia (r = 0.416) (P <0.001).
Conclusion: Given the alarming prevalence of sleep problems in toddlers in the present study and the impact of some changeable factors on children's sleep health, designing interventions aimed at educating mothers to improve healthy sleep habits in toddlers is necessary.
Assessing respiratory exposure to harmful evaporations in a manufacturing company
Authors: Jaddi Madarsara Tayyebeh , Ahmadian Kudakan Navid , Yari Saeed , Saeidabadi Hamzeh 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Using Hypochlorite Sodium in producing bleaches in order to disinfect and shine surfaces has been an ordinary method since 200 years ago. 10-15% solutions with PH=13 have been used for industrial purposes and 5% solutions with PH=11 have been used for domestic use. AIHA (American Industrial Hygienists Association) has announced the maximum standard exposure to this substance equal to 2mg/m3 in a period of 15 minutes. It should be noted that, based on material safety data sheet and NFPA rating explanation guide, the mentioned substance is mildly unstable (code 1), carries oxidation hazard (ox), and serious respiratory hazard (code 3).

Methods: This survey has been conducted with statistical society of 39, average age of 29.82±3.66 and work experience of 2.46±6.02 who were exposed to Hypochlorite Sodium in 2019. The reference of analyzing the data include medical check-up inventory, spirometry FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC relativity, using SPSS ver16, and T-test.

Results: The statistical society (39 participants) had a normal distribution, with a very pleasant correlation amounts in (FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEV1) considering sig=0.13, andless possibility than (P≤0.05). therefore, the amounts before and after FEV1, and FEV1/FVC, had a meaningful difference statistically, however, taking the amount of sig=0.68 into account which was P≤0.05, no meaningful difference was observed for FVC amounts before and after respiratory exposure to Hypochlorite Sodium.

Conclusion: Considering the reduction in amount of FEV1, and FEV1/FVC among the workers of the manufacturing site who were exposed to Hypochlorite Sodium, they are likely to have pulmonary obstruction, and therefore they are required to be changed in position and location of their jobs, and also appropriate ventilation system must be installed in the location of Hypochlorite Sodium evaporations. Keeping in mind the instability and corrosiveness of Hypochlorite Sodium, all employees had better use respiratory masks (preferably FFP3 in case of dusty materials), proper face shields, anti-acid gloves, anti-acid overalls, and chemical resistant boots.

Keywords: Respiratory exposure assessment, Occupational Asthma, Hypochlorite Sodium, Bleach, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, CANCER.
Presenting approaches to stress management in the elderly in Qazvin
Authors: Saeidabadi Hamzeh , Yari Saeed , Jaddi Madarsara Tayyebeh , Ahmadian Kudakan Navid 
Published: April 2020

Background: Based on the opinions of the World Health Organization (WHO), the elderly period begins at the age of 60 in third world countries. During this period the amount of social activities are reduced and as a result of which, the person is far more exposed to solitude and physical problems (i.e. high blood pressure, diabetes, etc.) and mental illnesses (i.e. depression etc.). Therefore, considering the continuous growth in the population of the elderly in Iran, management of stress is crucial in order to lengthen their quality life-time, and reduce direct and indirect compensations to the government and also to families.
Methods: This survey was conducted in a descriptive- analytical method in Qazvin in 2019, and the questionnaires were filled by eligible participants after reforming the questionnaire twice based on 0.71 (Cronbach’s alpha) confirmation. In order to prove the validity and reliability of the data, mentioning any personal information were strictly avoided, and later 30 participants were taken part in the research.
Results: Considering the fact that in order to manage the stress, the participants’ mental conditions need to be mainly addressed, which are indeed source of numerous diseases, conducting daily activities, trusting families and societies is very effective in their self-acceptance. Addressing personal requirements including: 1. Individual quality life-time. 2. Medical facilities and services, 3. Public transportation services, and self-care, are potentially the most important issues to the elderly.
Conclusion: Based on the conducted survey, many activities have been done to help the elderly manage their stress. However, considering the increasing population of the elderly, there are many more activities yet to be done operationally and tangibly. Although holding training sessions might be promising and motivating, but as a result of countless social difficulties, caused by lack of facilities, and lack of positive or supportive view by the community, the role of such phenomenon will most probably be passive and fleeting. Doing physical exercise can be an effective and cheerful element, and also preventive to the occurrence of many physical and mental illnesses. It should also be noted that many of the current problems are actually caused by urban factors (e.g. sidewalks, sport centers, etc.) which need to be immediately addressed by the government.
Keywords: Stress management, Life satisfaction, Elderly
Occupational Cancer Protection by Most Recommended International Administrative Control
Authors: Zaroushani Vida , Mousavi Jarrahi Seyedeh Zahra , Rahimi Sadra 
Published: April 2020

Background and purpose: Microwave and radio waves are a class of non-ionizing beams that have a variety of applications in different environments, and uncontrolled exposure to these beams can lead to cancer. Implementation of management measures can result in lower exposure and acceptable efficiency in controlling occupational exposure to these beams. Using a descriptive review, this study examines the most managerial measures recommended by international organizations to control occupational exposure to these beams.
Analysis method: Initially, the relevant sciences and reference organizations were identified concerning the research topic. Then, keywords were designed based on the PICO principle. Information published by related organizations that were in the form of a Governmental Document, Legal Rule or Regulation, Publication, Report, Guideline, Manual was reviewed without time limitation in English. Besides, searches were made on two external databases (BING and GOOGLE). Then, the process of reviewing, screening and deleting duplicate, unrelated information as well as retrieving resources was performed. After providing the full text of the relevant material, the process of translating and extracting information related to the research subject was carried out, with the focus on organizations and suggested management measures. This study did not include studies such as animal studies, descriptive studies, empirical studies, meta-analysis, and systematic review. Also, documents with incomplete and obscure information were not used.
Education and State Formation Revisited
Authors: Green Andy 
Published: April 2020

The origins of national education systems have constituted one of the chief preoccupations of educational historiography during the last twenty years and, latterly, state formation has offered one of the major explanatory paradigms. Versions of this approach have been developed in a number of studies of educational development in Australia, Canada, Sweden, Prussia, Britain, and elsewhere (Miller, 1986; Curtis, 1988; Melton, 1988; Boh, 1989; Green, 1990; Davey and Miller, 1990). Most of these originated in research begun in the early and mid-1980s, some ten years ago. The 1993 conference plenary of the Australian, New Zealand, and Canadian History of Education Societies thus offered an appropriate time and place to re-assess current directions of research in this field.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ОРІЄНТИРИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОБЛЕМИ ПСИХОСОМАТИЧНИХ РОЗЛАДІВ
Authors: Бамбурак Наталія 
Published: April 2020

Психосоматика як специфічна галузь знань на сучасному етапі її розвитку досліджує соціально-культурні, психологічні, медичні, економічні й екологічні чинники виникнення соматичних дефектів. Вивчення тілесності людини є соціально-психологічним, а не лише біологічним феноменом. Адже цілісність людського існування – поняття набагато більш складне, ніж поняття “психосоматична єдність” двох аспектів людського існування – психологічного і тілесного. Часто при цьому ігноруються соціальні та культурні чинники. Низка теоретичних досліджень щодо вивчення психосоматики вказує на те, що першочерговими чинниками розвитку захворювань є емоційні й особистісні тригери. За таких умов подальший розвиток психосоматики як наукового напряму в межах психологічного знання задіює подальші ґрунтовні дослідження тілесності здорової особистості. Проблема психосоматичних розладів залишається однією з найбільш складних та актуальних завдань сучасної психології. Беззаперечна участь психологічних механізмів у патогенезі і порушеннях здоров’я особистості вказує на існування психосоматичних функціональних розладів. Унаслідок суперечливих відомостей про причини і механізми розвитку психосоматичних функціональних захворювань до теперішнього часу відсутні стандарти діагностики та лікування таких хворих, що в свою чергу спричиняє негативну соціально-психологічну адаптацію особистості, а відтак і якість її життєдіяльності загалом. У патогенезі багатьох психосоматичних розладів центральними є несприятливі психічні чинники: неспецифічна та вроджена схильність до соматичних зрушень і вад; генетична здатність до психосоматичних виявів; видозміни у центральній нервовій системі, які спричиняють нейродинамічні вияви; особистісні особливості; психофізичні стани при дії психотравмуючих ситуацій; систематичний вплив негативних сімейних і соціальних чинників.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО АНАЛІЗУ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ОФІЦЕРА-ПРИКОРДОННИКА
Authors: Чорний Артем 
Published: April 2020

У статті висвітлено результати психологічного аналізу професійної діяльності офіцера-прикордонника на етапі професійного становлення, окреслено низку чинників, які сприяють швидкій адаптації молодого офіцера до особливостей професійної діяльності в умовах динамічної обстановки на державному кордоні. Характерним для професійної діяльності офіцера-прикордонника є виняткова важливість професійних завдань, необхідність постійно бути пильним, високийте мп несення служби в особливих та екстремальних умовах діяльності, підвищені вимоги щодо розпізнавання складних візуальних об’єктів і звукової інформації, безпосередній контакт із суб’єктом контролю під час службового спілкування. Досліджено основні позитивні чинники, які впливають на ефективність виконання поставлених завдань молодим офіцером-прикордонником; низку ктивних та об’єктивних труднощів, які впливають на швидкість адаптації до нового професійного середовища. Окреслено шляхи щодо підвищення ефективності вирішення проблемних ситуацій із метою недопущення психологічних розладів тощо, які можуть вплинути на якість несення служби з охорони державного кордону. Окреслено основні аспекти професійної підготовки курсантів Національної академії Державної прикордонної служби України імені Богдана Хмельницького, основною метою якої є формування належного рівня професійної компетентності офіцера-прикордонника, розвиток високих моральних і професійних якостей, свідомого та безумовного виконання завдань з охорони державного кордону.професійна діяльність
PERUMUSAN STRATEGI BISNIS UNTUK PENINGKATAN MARKET SHARE PT TERMINAL TELUK LAMONG
Authors: Retmawan Bibin 
Published: April 2020

The existence of a port really determines progress in an area, this is related to its function in the supply chain management distribution or logistic distribution system as a link between sea and land transportation modes to meet the needs of the community and industry which will ultimately affect economic growth in an area. Meeting the needs of the community will be fulfilled optimally, efficiently and effectively if the port as a logistical support system for the distribution of goods and people can run smoothly and well integrated. The purpose of this study is to analyze the right strategy at PT Terminal Teluk Lamong in winning the competition seen from the analysis of the internal environment and the analysis of the external environment. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study approach. The sample of this research is key informants using purposive sampling and conducting interviews. The results of this study are that the Terminal PT Teluk Lamong is in a "hold and maintain" position. This is based on consideration of internal factors, external factors, and analysis of company position using the Internal-External Evaluation Matrix (IE Matrix). The result of internal factor evaluation (IFE) of PT Terminal Teluk Lamong is an average value of 2,339 IFE, which is in the average area. Whereas the results of the external factor evaluation (EFE) of PT Terminal Teluk Lamong are an average value of EFE of 2,554, which is in the middle region. From the results of the IFE and IFE matrix, the PT Terminal Teluk Lamong position in the internal external matrix analysis is in quadrant V, namely in area II where the company is in a hold and maintain position.
The Readiness of Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya University (UNUSA) to Be the Centre of Development of Rahmatan Lil Alamin Entrepreneur (EnPlus)
Authors: Anshori Mohamad Yusak 
Published: April 2020

Brush (2014) states that to make the student having the spirit of entrepreneurship they have to develop start-ups in term of realizing a university venture and also to give benefit for the society, therefore, an ecosystem that is called Entrepreneurship Education Ecosystem is needed. UNUSA is one of the universities in Indonesia that has a strong vision to prepare a generation having spirit of Rahmatan Lil Alamin entrepreneurship based on Islamic values. The objective of this paper is to describe the readiness of UNUSA to be a university with Islamic values under the Nahdlatul Ulama organization to be the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem from the aspect of Brush’s theory (2014). From the result of this discussion it is find out that in spite of only six years old in age UNUSA has some breakthroughs to develop the entrepreneurship education ecosystem. However, it is urgent for Unusa to develop Business Incubator seeing that the number of UNUSA students are more and more from years to years. Such fact can not be separated from the mission of UNUSA to be the centre of entrepreneurs development and building in Indonesia. It can be concluded that UNUSA is ready to become the centre of Rahmatan Lil Alamin entrepreneur development and building and will support the government program of One Pesantren One Product (OPOP)
Funkcje narzędzi wykorzystywanych w polityce przestrzennej
Authors: Nowak Maciej J. 
Published: April 2020

Celem artykułu jest określenie funkcji narzędzi polityki przestrzennej oraz płaszczyzn, na których mogą być one stosowane. Analizą objęto w szczególności kluczowe narzędzia polityki przestrzennej – miejscowe plany zagospodarowania przestrzennego. Jako istotną ich funkcję określono ochronę ładu przestrzennego. Niezależnie od powyższego, narzędziom polityki przestrzennej można również przyporządkować funkcje ważne z innych perspektyw: ochrony środowiska, polityki socjalnej lub ochrony dziedzictwa kulturowego.
The correlation between nurses' workload and the implementation of health education in preventing the risk of fall in the Inpatient Room of Batu Baptist Hospital.
Authors: Yuliatin Eva 
Published: April 2020

Introduction : Nurse educators have a responsibility to improve patient knowledge, especially in preventing the risk of falls, however this is often constrained by the severity of the nurse's workload. This study aims to know the correlation between nurses' workload and the implementation of health education in preventing the risk of fall in the Inpatient Room of Batu Baptist Hospital. Method:This study uses a correlational method with a cross sectional approach. The sampling used is purposive sampling containing 32 nurse respondents. The data were collected by using questionnaires and observation sheets. Based on the results of research from 18 respondents with heavy workload categories, 14 respondents (43.7%) did poor health education and 4 respondents (12.5%) carried out good health education . Results and Analysis: The data were processed by using the Spearman Rank test with the results of probability (sig.) 0,000 and the value of r count of 0.845 including the strength of coefficient. It can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between the workload of nurses and the implementation of health education. Discussion:The heavier the workload of nurses, the worse implementation of health education is . Hospital Management needs to analyze nurses' workload objectively so that the constraints in the implementation of health education can be minimized.
EXPLORING THE USE OF COLLABORATIVE STRATEGIC IN READING CLASSROOM
Authors: Arizah Mila , Claudia Lora 
Published: April 2020

The study was concerned to investigate the students’ reading comprehension students of SMA Negeri 3 OKU which was taught by using Collaborative Strategic Reading. The objectives of this study was to find out the students’ reading comprehension to the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 3 OKU which was taught by using Collaborative Strategic Reading. The population of this study was the whole of the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 3 OKU. The total number of the population was 258 students; and 30 students were taken as the sample through purposive sampling. The pre-test and post-test and observation were used as the techniques for collecting the data. The researcher concluded Based on the data analysis in chapter IV, the researcher found the students’ pre test score and post-test cycle I was improved from 60,89 to 72.94. Then the students’ post-test cycle I score and post-test cycle II was improved from 72,94 to 79.74. The researcher can be concluded that Collaborative Strategic Reading worked effectively and efficiently in helping the student’s reading comprehension at the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 3 OKU 2018/2019 and this learning has applied successfully and able to increased students’ ability in reading comprehension. The students were more active and participated in the teaching-learning process of reading comprehension. Therefore, Collaborative Strategic Reading can be alternative strategy for teacher in teaching reading which can improve their reading comprehension ability.