bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An update on the microbiology, immunology and genetics of seborrheic dermatitis
Authors: Adalsteinsson Jonas A. , Kaushik Shivani , Muzumdar Sonal , Guttman‐Yassky Emma , Ungar Jonathan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe underlying mechanism of seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is poorly understood but major scientific progress has been made in recent years related to microbiology, immunology and genetics. In light of this, the major goal of this article was to summarize the most recent articles on SD, specifically related to underlying pathophysiology. SD results from Malassezia hydrolysation of free fatty acids with activation of the immune system by the way of pattern recognition receptors, inflammasome, IL‐1β and NF‐kB. M. restricta and M. globosa are likely the most virulent subspecies, producing large quantities of irritating oleic acids, leading to IL‐8 and IL‐17 activation. IL‐17 and IL‐4 might play a big role in pathogenesis, but this needs to be further studied using novel biologics. No clear genetic predisposition has been established; however, recent studies implicated certain increased‐risk human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, such as A*32, DQB1*05 and DRB1*01 as well as possible associations with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) through the LCE3 gene cluster while SD, and SD‐like syndromes, shares genetic mutations that appear to impair the ability of the immune system to restrict Malassezia growth, partially due to complement system dysfunction. A paucity of studies exists looking at the relationship between SD and systemic disease. In HIV, SD is thought to be secondary to a combination of immune dysregulation and disruption in skin microbiota with unhindered Malassezia proliferation. In Parkinson's disease, SD is most likely secondary to parasympathetic hyperactivity with increased sebum production as well as facial immobility which leads to sebum accumulation.
Friends of mine: An invasive freshwater mussel facilitates growth of invasive macrophytes and mediates their competitive interactions
Authors: Crane Kate , Coughlan Neil E. , Cuthbert Ross N. , Dick Jaimie T. A. , Kregting Louise , Ricciardi Anthony , MacIsaac Hugh J. , Reid Neil 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Increasing rates of invasions in ecosystems worldwide necessitate experiments to determine the role of biotic interactions in the success and impact of multiple alien species. Here, we examined competitive and facilitative interactions among various combinations of three widespread and often co‐occurring invaders: the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha, and the macrophytes Elodea canadensis and Elodea nuttallii.

Using a mesocosm‐based, factorial experimental design, we assessed the effect of interspecific competition on macrophyte growth rates in the absence and presence at varying biomass of D. polymorpha.

Growth rates (wet g/day) of E. canadensis and E. nuttallii were similar when grown in isolation. When grown together, in the absence of D. polymorpha, E. canadensis growth was not significantly reduced in the presence of E. nuttallii and vice versa. In the presence of D. polymorpha (26.0 ± 1 mm), monocultural growth of E. canadensis was largely unaffected, while E. nuttallii growth was strongly enhanced. Low (2.64 g) and medium (3.96 g) mussel biomass led to negative interspecific effects between E. canadensis and E. nuttallii; at high (5.28 g) mussel biomass, the effect of interspecific competition was negated.

Overall, D. polymorpha alleviated competitive interactions between the two invasive macrophytes when all three species co‐occurred, and substantially enhanced growth of E. nuttallii with increasing mussel biomass, thereby suggesting a possible influence on the relative dominance of these macrophytes in the field.

Our study demonstrates how facilitations can cause shifts in dominance among closely related invaders. The consequences of such facilitations for the structure and function of communities remain to be explored generally.
Development of an education and support framework for pharmacists working in GP practice
Authors: Matheson Catriona , Reid Fiona , Stewart Fiona , Williams Hector 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the educational support provided for three cohorts of pharmacists to inform an educational support framework for this new career path.

Methods
This study evaluated training using mixed methods and measured the development of competence and confidence in the professional role as a pharmacist in GP Practice. Data were collected via pro formas before training events, and evaluation questionnaires immediately after events. Qualitative and quantitative content analysis was applied. The outcome evaluation collected data via a repeated measure of self-assessed competency and confidence via an online questionnaire at three time points. Logistic regression identified predictors of competency and confidence at the end of structured training.

Key findings
Evaluation of training events was very positive. The theme of clinical and consultation skills was the most professionally satisfying, followed by teamwork and support. However, early work in practice was focussed on management and systems.
There were significant improvements in competence and confidence over time. Independent predictors of increased competence in the role in GP Practice were having an Independent prescriber (IP) qualification or undertaking the IP course and having had additional health board training and support.

Conclusions
Formal training was well received. Early local support from health boards and GP Practices would enable pharmacists to get an earlier grasp of tasks relating to ‘management and systems’ so they could focus on more rewarding clinical tasks. Being an independent prescriber (or working towards this) is essential for the development of competence in this role. An educational support framework model is proposed.
Employment relations without collective bargaining and strikes: the unusual case of civil servants in Germany
Authors: Keller Berndt 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThe article deals with the widely neglected employment relations in the public sector of Germany with a special focus on civil servants. It is subdivided into two main parts. A shorter part elaborates on public employees and collective bargaining, a longer one on civil servants and their diverging forms of employment relations without the right to collective bargaining and strike. In order to better understand major changes that have taken place since the mid2000s, we chose a long‐term perspective and examine traditional as well as present forms of interest representation. Limited degrees of decentralisation and their lasting diverging consequences are analysed in great detail.
METTL3/YTHDF2 m6A axis promotes tumorigenesis by degrading SETD7 and KLF4 mRNAs in bladder cancer
Authors: Xie Haiyun , Li Jiangfeng , Ying Yufan , Yan Huaqing , Jin Ke , Ma Xueyou , He Liujia , Xu Xin , Liu Ben , Wang Xiao , Zheng Xiangyi , Xie Liping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractN6‐Methyladenosine (m6A) modification, the most prevalent modification of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA), is involved in the progression of various tumours. However, the specific role of m6A in bladder cancer (BCa) is still poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated the tumour‐promoting function and specific regulatory mechanism of m6A axis, consisting of the core ‘writer’ protein METTL3 and the major reader protein YTHDF2. Depletion of METTL3 impaired cancer proliferation and cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Through transcriptome sequencing, m6A methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) and RIP, we determined that the METTL3/YTHDF2 m6A axis directly degraded the mRNAs of the tumour suppressors SETD7 and KLF4, contributing to the progression of BCa. In addition, overexpression of SETD7 and KLF4 revealed a phenotype consistent with that induced by depletion of the m6A axis. Thus, our findings on the METTL3/YTHDF2/SETD7/KLF4 m6A axis provide the insight into the underlying mechanism of carcinogenesis and highlight potential therapeutic targets for BCa.
Macrophage‐derived MMP‐9 enhances the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and vascular calcification in transgenic rabbits
Authors: Chen Yajie , Waqar Ahmed Bilal , Nishijima Kazutoshi , Ning Bo , Kitajima Shuji , Matsuhisa Fumikazu , Chen Lu , Liu Enqi , Koike Tomonari , Yu Ying , Zhang Jifeng , Chen Yuqing Eugene , Sun Huijun , Liang Jingyan , Fan Jianglin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9), or gelatinase B, has been hypothesized to be involved in the progression of atherosclerosis. In the arterial wall, accumulated macrophages secrete considerable amounts of MMP‐9 but its pathophysiological functions in atherosclerosis have not been fully elucidated. To examine the hypothesis that macrophage‐derived MMP‐9 may affect atherosclerosis, we created MMP‐9 transgenic (Tg) rabbits to overexpress the rabbit MMP‐9 gene under the control of the scavenger receptor A enhancer/promoter and examined their susceptibility to cholesterol diet‐induced atherosclerosis. Tg rabbits along with non‐Tg rabbits were fed a cholesterol diet for 16 and 28 weeks, and their aortic and coronary atherosclerosis was compared. Gross aortic lesion areas were significantly increased in female Tg rabbits at 28 weeks; however, pathological examination revealed that all the lesions of Tg rabbits fed a cholesterol diet for either 16 or 28 weeks were characterized by increased monocyte/macrophage accumulation and prominent lipid core formation compared with those of non‐Tg rabbits. Macrophages isolated from Tg rabbits exhibited higher infiltrative activity towards a chemoattractant, MCP‐1 in vitro and augmented capability of hydrolysing extracellular matrix in granulomatous tissue. Surprisingly, the lesions of Tg rabbits showed more advanced lesions with remarkable calcification in both aortas and coronary arteries. In conclusion, macrophage‐derived MMP‐9 facilitates the infiltration of monocyte/macrophages into the lesions thereby enhancing the progression of atherosclerosis. Increased accumulation of lesional macrophages may promote vascular calcification.
Histopathological hallmarks of cutaneous lesions of capillary malformation–arteriovenous malformation syndrome
Authors: Valdivielso‐Ramos M. , Torrelo A. , Martin‐Santiago A. , Hernández‐Nuñez A. , Azaña J.M. , Campos M. , Berenguer B. , Garnacho G. , Moreno R. , Colmenero I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImportanceCapillary malformation–arteriovenous malformation (CM‐AVM) syndrome is a recently described syndrome with distinctive cutaneous lesions. Very little is known about the histopathology of these lesions.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the histopathological characteristics of the pink macules of the CM‐AVM syndrome and to investigate if these pink macules could be classified as capillary malformations or arteriovenous malformations based on their histopathological features.Design‐settings‐participantsWe conducted a retrospective multicenter study involving eight hospitals in Spain. Fifteen biopsies from pink macules of the CM‐AVM syndrome were analysed and compared with five biopsies of diverse capillary malformations and three stage I arteriovenous malformations.ResultsPink macules’ biopsies of the CM‐AVM syndrome showed similar features including a high vascular density encompassing capillaries and numerous thick‐walled arterioles mainly located in the superficial dermis, a predominance of elongated over round vessels, scarce or absent erythrocytes within the lumina and discrete perivascular inflammation. CMs were characterized by an increased number of capillary‐type vessels mostly rounded and located in the upper dermis. AVMs were composed by highly increased numbers of vessels with a branching pattern involving the full thickness of the dermis, without erythrocytes within the lumina. Wilms tumour 1 protein was positive in the endothelial cells both in pink macules of the CM‐AVM and in arteriovenous malformations.Conclusions and relevancePink macules of the CM‐AVM syndrome seem to be different from capillary malformations. Our results suggest that histologically and immunohistochemically they are closer to incipient arteriovenous malformations than to capillary malformations. A deepened knowledge about the nature of these skin lesions will contribute to the better understanding of capillary malformation–arteriovenous malformation syndrome, and will open the possibility of new and more specific treatments in the future.
Down‐regulation of microRNA‐34c‐5p alleviates neuropathic pain via the SIRT1/STAT3 signaling pathway in rat models of chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve
Authors: Mo Yanshuai , Liu Benjuan , Qiu Shuang , Wang Xueqin , Zhong Lina , Han Xiao , Mi Fuli 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNeuropathic pain is an unfavorable pathological pain, often persistent over time, thus leading to significant impairment of quality of life and public health burden. Notably, microRNAs have been implicated in the pathophysiological process of neuropathic pain. The potential mechanism by which miR‐34c‐5p functions in neuropathic pain remains unclear. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that miR‐34c‐5p can modulate neuropathic pain in rat models with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve, via interaction with the SIRT1/STAT3 signaling pathway SIRT1 was validated as a target gene of miR‐34c‐5p and could be negatively regulated by miR‐34c‐5p. We induced miR‐34c‐5p overexpression/inhibition, SIRT1 knockdown, and STAT3 knockdown in the model rats to assess pain behavior patterns. Meanwhile, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was transduced with overexpression or knockdown of miR‐34c‐5p or lipopolysaccharide to induce the production of inflammatory factors. It was observed that miR‐34c‐5p was up‐regulated, and SIRT1 was under‐expressed in the DRG neurons of dorsal spinal cords of the CCI rats. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of miR‐34c‐5p and knockdown of SIRT1 in CCI rats resulted in increased hyperalgesia and inflammation, corresponding to reduced paw withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency, and elevated levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α. More importantly, miR‐34c‐5p inhibition reduced the hyperalgesia and inflammation by blocking the STAT3 signaling pathway through up‐regulation of SIRT1. Conjointly, our results indicated that the down‐regulation of miR‐34c‐5p could potentially provide sustained relief in neuropathic pain by promoting SIRT1 expression through STAT3 signaling pathway inactivation.
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Positive psychological constructs and health behavior adherence in heart failure: A qualitative research study
Authors: Celano Christopher M. , Beale Eleanor E. , Freedman Melanie E. , Mastromauro Carol A. , Feig Emily H. , Park Elyse R. , Huffman Jeff C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPsychological well‐being may play an important role in health behavior adherence and cardiovascular health, but there has been limited study of well‐being in patients with heart failure. In this descriptive qualitative research study, we interviewed 30 patients with heart failure to explore their psychological experiences with heart failure and the perceived associations between positive psychological constructs and adherence to physical activity, diet, and medication recommendations. Interviews were transcribed, then coded in NVivo using directed and conventional content analysis, and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist was applied to report our findings. Participants spontaneously reported positive psychological constructs both during an acute phase of illness and 3 months later. Participants most commonly experienced gratitude, acceptance, connectedness, and faith in the setting of heart failure. In contrast, pride, determination, and hope were identified most frequently as playing a role in health behavior adherence. Finally, participants reported a reinforcing relationship between positive constructs and health behavior engagement. These findings suggest that interventions to boost positive constructs have the potential to improve well‐being and health behavior adherence in patients with heart failure.
Variation in photosynthetic induction between rice accessions and its potential for improving productivity
Authors: Acevedo‐Siaca Liana G. , Coe Robert , Wang Yu , Kromdijk Johannes , Quick W. Paul , Long Stephen P. 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Photosynthetic induction describes the transient increase in leaf CO2 uptake with an increase in light. During induction, efficiency is lower than at steady state. Under field conditions of fluctuating light, this lower efficiency during induction may cost > 20% of potential crop assimilation. Accelerating induction would boost photosynthetic and resource‐use efficiencies.
Variation between rice accessions and potential for accelerating induction was analysed by gas exchange. Induction during shade to sun transitions of 14 accessions representing five subpopulations from the 3000 Rice Genome Project Panel (3K RGP) was analysed.
Differences of 109% occurred in the CO2 fixed during the first 300 s of induction, 117% in the half‐time to completion of induction, and 65% in intrinsic water‐use efficiency during induction, between the highest and lowest performing accessions. Induction in three accessions with contrasting responses (AUS 278, NCS 771 A and IR64‐21) was compared for a range of [CO2] to analyse limitations. This showed in vivo capacity for carboxylation at Rubisco (Vc,max), and not stomata, as the primary limitation to induction, with significant differences between accessions.
Variation in nonsteady‐state efficiency greatly exceeded that at steady state, suggesting a new and more promising opportunity for selection of greater crop photosynthetic efficiency in this key food crop.
Predictive value of prognostic nutritional index in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Xiang , Jiang Yue , Ge Han , Diao Pengfei , Wang Dongmiao , Wang Yanling , Cheng Jie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prognostic significance of preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after ablative surgery.Materials and MethodsA total of 333 patients from two tertiary referral centers were enrolled as training and validation cohorts. The PNI was calculated as 10× serum albumin (g/dL) + 0.005 × total lymphocyte number (per mm3), and its optimal cutoff value for patient stratification was identified by X‐tile software. Cox's proportional regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to identify prognostic factors and their predictive performance.ResultsThe optimal cutoff value of PNI was 47.4. Patients with low PNI had significantly shorter overall (OS) and disease‐free survival than those with high PNI. Moreover, multivariate regression analyses indicated that PNI was an independent prognostic factor for OS in the training (hazard ratio [HR], 2.267; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.335–3.849; p = .002) and validation (HR, 2.247; 95% CI: 1.352–3.735; p = .002) cohorts. ROC analyses revealed similar or superior predictive performance of PNI as compared to other prognostic parameters.ConclusionsOur findings reveal that decreased preoperative PNI significantly associates with worse prognosis for patients with OSCC, which serves as a novel prognostic biomarker for OSCC.
Contracting personalization by results: Comparing marketization reforms in the UK and Australia
Authors: Considine Mark , O'Sullivan Siohban , McGann Michael , Nguyen Phuc 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMarket instruments are increasingly used to drive innovation and efficiency in public services. Meanwhile, many governments recognize the need for services to be more personalized and ‘user‐centred’. This was a key aim of major welfare‐to‐work reforms in both the UK and Australia over the past decade, which sought to achieve personalization through increasing service delivery by for‐profit providers, contracted via Payment‐by‐Results. Drawing on three surveys of frontline staff, we show the impact of recent UK and Australian marketization reforms on frontline practices to consider whether the reform mix of increased commercial provision tied to Payment‐by‐Results has enhanced service personalization. We find that the UK's ‘black box’ model was associated with some increase in frontline discretion, but little evidence that this enhanced personalization, either compared to previous programmes or to Australia's more regulated system.
A de novo reciprocal chromosomal translocation t(3;6)(p14;q26) in the black Lucano pig
Authors: Genualdo Viviana , Rossetti Cristina , Pauciullo Alfredo , Musilova Petra , Incarnato Domenico , Perucatti Angela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the past two decades, several cytogenetic screening programmes identified different chromosome rearrangements in pig, most of which represented by reciprocal translocation (rcp). This chromosome abnormality does not involve the variation in the number of chromosomes, but only the rearrangement of genetic material, resulting in phenotypically normal carriers with fertility problems. During an occasional cytogenetic screening, a new reciprocal translocation was detected in the black Lucano pig native breed. We analysed 15 animals reared by a family‐run piggery in Basilicata region (Southern Italy). After karyotyping, four pigs (two boars and two sows) revealed two unpaired chromosomes. Analysis of the RBA karyotype and the dual‐colour FISH technique confirmed that these pigs showed the same reciprocal translocation involving the chromosomes SSC3 and SSC6. The precise location of breakpoints was identified by RBH‐FISH t(3;6)(p14;q26), whereas the analysis of the pedigree showed a case of Mendelian inheritance within a family, after the de novo occurrence of the new rcp. Considering the consequences of the rcp on the fertility, this study points out the importance of the cytogenetic screening in the native breeds for the safeguard of the genetic biodiversity and the sustainability of the rural areas.
Canonical system of equations for 1D water waves
Authors: Dyachenko Alexander I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne of the essential tasks of the theory of water waves is a construction of simplified mathematical models, which are applied to the description of complex events, such as wave breaking, appearing of freak waves in the assumption of weak nonlinearity. The Zakharov equation and its simplification, such as nonlinear Schrodinger equations and Dysthe equations, are among them. Recently, for unidirectional waves, the so‐called super compact equation was derived in Ref. 1. In the present article, the waves moving in both directions are considered. Namely, the waves on a free surface of 2D deep water can be split into two groups: the waves moving to the right, and the waves moving to the left. A specific feature of the four‐wave interactions of water waves allows describing the evolution of these two groups as a system of two equations. One of the significant consequences of this decomposition is the conservation of the number of waves in each particular group. To derive this system of equations, a particular canonical transformation is used. This transformation is possible due to the miraculous cancellation of the four‐wave interaction for some groups of waves in the one‐dimensional wave field. The obtained equations are remarkably simple. They can be called a canonical system of equations. They include a nonlinear wave term together with an advection term that can describe the initial stage of wave‐breaking. They also include interaction terms (between counter‐streaming waves). It is also suitable for analytical study as well as for numerical simulation.