bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study between biological and chemical control programs of certain sweet pepper pests in greenhouses
Authors: El Arnaouty S. A. , El-Heneidy A. H. , Afifi Amal I. , Heikal I. H. , Kortam Mona N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSweet pepper is an important vegetable crop in Egypt. It is cultivated for local consumption and exportation. The crop is attacked by a large number of pest species such as Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychu surticae Koch, and the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner). The present study was conducted on the sweet pepper cultivated in greenhouses, during the winter plantation 2016/17 in a commercial farm located at Berkash district, Giza Governorate, Egypt. Three control programs were practiced: the first used biological control agents (BC), the predators, Orius albidipennis (Reuter), Macrolophus caliginosus (Wagner), Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.), and the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma euproctidis (Girault); the second was sprayed by the recommended chemical control program of the farm (CC); and the third was untreated as a control. Obtained results revealed that the BC program was the most significant one for controlling the complex of sweet pepper pests. Also, applying the BC program resulted to a high yield of sweet pepper production (35.06% increasing than the control).
The immunohistochemical landscape of the VEGF family and its receptors in glioblastomas
Authors: Loureiro Luiz Victor Maia , Neder Luciano , Callegaro-Filho Donato , de Oliveira Koch Ludmila , Stavale João Norberto , Malheiros Suzana Maria Fleury 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancer. This complex mechanism of tumor progression provides tumors cells with essential nutrients. There have been a limited number of investigations of markers of angiogenesis in Glioblastomas (GBMs), and most previous studies have focused on VEGF-A. Recent evidence suggests that there is a complex lymphatic system in central nervous system (CNS), which suggests VEGF-C and VEGF–D as interesting biomarker candidates. This study was designed to evaluate the expressions of VEGF-A, −C, −D and their co-receptors, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a series of GBMs. In addition, we evaluate any putative correlations between IHC expression levels of VEGF and clinical data of patients.

Methods
Tumor samples of 70 GBM patients (64 isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 wildtype (wtIDH-1) and 6 mutant (mutIDH-1)) were assessed by IHC using tissue microarray platforms for VEGF subunits and their co-receptors. The medical records were reviewed for clinical and therapeutic data.

Results
All VEGF subunits and receptors were highly expressed in GBMs: 57 out of 62 (91.9%), 53 out of 56 (94.6%) and 55 out of 63 cases (87.3%) showed VEGF-A, VEGF-C and -D imunoexpression, respectively. Interestingly, we had found both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of VEGF-C staining in GBM tumor cells. The frequency of immunoexpression of VEGF receptors was the following: VEGFR-1, 65 out of 66 cases (98.5%); VEGFR-2, 63 out of 64 cases (98.4%); VEGFR-3, 49 out of 50 cases (90.0%). There were no significant differences in the patient overall survival (OS) related to the VEGF staining. A weak and monotonous correlation was observed between VEGF and its cognate receptors. The pattern of VEGF IHC was found to be similar when GBM mutIDH-1 subtypes were compared to wtIDH-1.

Conclusion
Both VEGF-C and –D, together with their receptors, were found to be overexpressed in the majority GBMs, and the IHC expression levels did not correlate with OS or IDH status. To understand the significance of the interactions and increased expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 axis in GBM requires more extensive studies. Also, functional assays using a larger series of GBM is also necessary to better address the biological meaning of nuclear VEGF-C expression in tumor cells.
ACA Litigation: Politics Pursued through Other Means
Authors: Jost Timothy Stoltzfus , Keith Katie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Despite its passage a decade ago, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) remains a politically divisive law. These political divisions have long been on display in Congress, in the White House, and in states. A long-standing stalemate in Congress—where Republicans cannot repeal the law and Democrats cannot improve it—has emboldened efforts by the executive branch to act unilaterally to implement, or undermine, the ACA. In turn, the law's opponents and supporters have turned to the courts to promote their favored policy agendas through both broadside attacks on the law and targeted challenges to its implementation. Litigation has become politics pursued through other means. These challenges have often been brought, or opposed, by state attorneys general and governors, with red-state coalitions facing off against blue-state coalitions. ACA litigation has also been characterized by forum shopping, nationwide injunctions, and questions about the court as a truly adversarial forum. This article briefly reviews the history of ACA litigation, discusses these legal norms in the context of the historic health reform law, and considers the implications of this history and the changing judiciary for future health reform efforts.
The Affordable Care Act and Mass Policy Feedbacks
Authors: Campbell Andrea Louise 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has allowed researchers to examine mass policy feedback effects—how public policies affect individuals' attitudes and political behaviors—in real time while using causal models. These efforts help address criticisms of the extant feedbacks literature and have revealed new policy feedback effects and new information on the conditions under which policy feedbacks occur. The ACA case also raises empirical and theoretical questions about the types of data needed to assess feedback effects, the magnitude of policy effects required for detection, the time frame in which feedbacks occur, and the suitability of various empirical approaches for assessing policy feedback effects. Thus, the ACA not only adds an important empirical case to the study of policy feedbacks but also helps refine policy feedback theory.
The ACA a Decade In: Resilience, Impact, and Vulnerabilities
Authors: Peterson Mark A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A decade after its enactment, the Affordable Care Act remains both politically viable and consequential, despite Republican efforts to end it. The law's impact on insurance coverage is substantial but remains distant from universal coverage, while its contributions to cost control are at best limited. National public opinion data collected by the author in 2018 reveal both strengths and vulnerabilities in the act.
Medicaid's Post-ACA Paradoxes
Authors: Grogan Colleen M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Medicaid's experience one decade after the passage of the Affordable Care Act represents extreme divergence across the American states in health care access and utilization, policy designs that either expand or restrict eligibility, and delivery model reforms. The past decade has also witnessed a growing ideological divide about the very purpose and intent of the Medicaid program and its place within the US health care system. While liberal-leaning states have actively embraced the program and used it to expand health coverage to working adults and families as an effort to improve health and prevent poverty and the insecurity and instability that comes with high medical costs (evictions, bankruptcy), conservative states have actively rejected this expanded idea of Medicaid and argued instead that the program should revert back to its “original” purpose and be used only for the “truly” needy. This article highlights several paradoxes within Medicaid that have led to this growing bifurcation, and it concludes by shedding light on important targets for future reform.
The Administrative Presidency, Waivers, and the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Gusmano Michael K. , Thompson Frank J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Within the American system of shared power among institutions, the executive branch has played an increasingly prominent policy role relative to Congress. The vast administrative discretion wielded by the executive branch has elevated the power of the president. Republican and Democratic presidents alike have employed an arsenal of administrative tools to pursue their policy goals: high-level appointments, administrative rule making, executive orders, proclamations, memoranda, guidance documents, directives, dear colleague letters, signing statements, reorganizations, funding decisions, and more. Presidents Obama and Trump employed most of these tools in an effort to shape the implementation and outcomes of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) during its first decade. This article focuses on the Obama and Trump administrations' use of comprehensive waivers to shape ACA implementation. The Obama administration had mixed success using waivers to convince Republican states to expand Medicaid. Compared to Obama, the Trump administration has found it harder to accomplish its policy goals through waivers, but if the courts support the Trump administration's work requirement and 1332 waiver initiatives, it would enable the president to use waivers to achieve an ever broader set of goals, including program retrenchment.
Have the ACA's Exchanges Succeeded? It's Complicated
Authors: Jones David K. , Gordon Sarah H. , Huberfeld Nicole 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The fight over health insurance exchanges epitomizes the rapid evolution of health reform politics in the decade since the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The ACA's drafters did not expect the exchanges to be contentious because they would expand private insurance coverage to low- and middle-income individuals who were increasingly unable to obtain employer-sponsored health insurance. Instead, exchanges became one of the primary fronts in the war over Obamacare. Have the exchanges been successful? The answer is not straightforward and requires a historical perspective through a federalism lens. What the ACA has accomplished has depended largely on whether states were invested in or resistant to implementation, as well as individual decisions by state leaders working with federal officials. Our account demonstrates that the states that have engaged with the ACA most consistently appear to have experienced greater exchange-related success. But each aspect of states' engagement with or resistance to the ACA must be counted to fully paint this picture, with significant variation among states. This variation should give pause to those considering next steps in health reform, because state variation can mean innovation and improvement but also lack of coverage, disparities, and diminished access to care.
The transcription factor Nurr1 is up-regulated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and SOD1-G93A mice
Authors: Valsecchi Valeria , Boido Marina , Montarolo Francesca , Guglielmotto Michela , Perga Simona , Martire Serena , Cutrupi Santina , Iannello Andrea , Gionchiglia Nadia , Signorino Elena , Calvo Andrea , Fuda Giuseppe , Chiò Adriano , Bertolotto Antonio , Vercelli Alessandro 
Published: March 2020

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects both lower and upper motor neurons (MNs) in the central nervous system (CNS). ALS etiology is highly multifactorial and multifarious, and an effective treatment is still lacking. Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of ALS and could be targeted to develop new therapeutic approaches. Interestingly, the transcription factor Nurr1 has been demonstrated to play an important role in inflammatory process in several neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
In the present paper, we demonstrated for the first time that Nurr1 expression levels were up-regulated in the peripheral blood of ALS patients. Moreover, we investigated Nurr1 function in the SOD1-G93A mouse model of ALS. Interestingly, Nurr1 was strongly up-regulated in the spinal cord during the asymptomatic and early symptomatic phases of the disease, where it promoted the up-regulation of the BDNF mRNA and the repression of NF-kB pro-inflammatory targets, such as iNOS. Therefore, we hypothesize that Nurr1 is activated in an early phase of the disease as survival endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanism, although not sufficient to revert disease progression.
Based on these observations, Nurr1 could represent a potential biomarker for ALS and a promising target for future therapies for ASL.
Preparation and Dynamic Behavior of Protein-Polymer Complexes Formed with Polymer-Binding Peptides
Authors: Ravishankar Samyukta , Suzuki Seigo , Sawada Toshiki , Lim Sierin , Serizawa Takeshi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The development of protein-polymer complexes using protein cages is garnering attention as a strategy to overcome challenges that relate to immunogenicity and protease degradation. We propose the use of thermoresponsive polymers such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) to form ferritin-polymer complexes through non-covalent interactions. Ferritin is observed to be released from the complexes after 1–2 days incubation at 37 °C.
Leveraging investments in Ebola preparedness for COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ayebare Rodgers , Waitt Peter , Okello Stephen , Kayiira Mubaraka , Atim Ajok Maureen , Nakatudde Irene , Bhadelia Nahid , Lamorde Mohammed 
Published: March 2020

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in China and transmission to more than 80 territories worldwide, including nine countries in Africa, presents a delicate situation for low-resource settings. Countries in Eastern and Central Africa have been on high alert since mid-2018 in anticipation of regional spread of the Ebola virus from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Significant investment has been made to support enhanced surveillance at point of entry and hospitals, infection control practices, clinical case management, and clinical research. With a new threat on the horizon, African countries have an opportunity to leverage the existing capacities for Ebola preparedness to brace for the imminent threat.
Estimating the global burden of antimicrobial resistance: Reflections on current methods and data needs
Authors: Midega Janet 
Published: March 2020

The prioritisation of policy action, research and the evaluation of progress towards curbing the threat of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is dependent on our knowledge of its burden. The burden of AMR, like that of other causes of death and morbidity, is an important metric that not only provides the opportunity for generating and using data on periodic measures for timely and reliable updates on the prevailing disease situation and its potential to get better or worse, but also guides the development and positioning of interventions, including estimating the costs and benefits of interventions. The urgency with which AMR must be combatted as a global public health threat requires the need to determine and apply the most suitable methods, models and metrics for estimating the global burden of AMR to better inform decisions on how to best manage AMR.
Improving motivation for self-directed training in Danish EMS personnel
Authors: Skydsgaard Kasper 
Published: March 2020

Background: Emergency Medical Services personnel's motivation to carry out self-directed training might be impaired by several factors such as work environment, pressures and training facilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether easy access to local training facilities would improve individual motivation for self-directed training. Methods: A before-and-after study of 118 Danish personnel was conducted. Participants were asked to complete two identical questionnaires, exploring their motivation and training efforts, before and after initiatives to promote training were introduced. Results: Response rates were 69 and 77, respectively. Motivation for self-directed training increased, on a scale from 1–10, from 5.6 to 6.7. The rating of opportunities to perform self-directed training increased from 4.1 to 5.9 and the rating of the training facilities from 3.7 to 6.3. The frequency of training sessions completed increased (every shift n=6 to 12, every second-to-third shift n=29 to 37). Conclusion: The increase in ratings regarding motivation and effort for carrying out self-directed training suggests that easily accessible training facilities improves individual motivation for self-directed training in emergency services personnel.
<p><strong>Description of two new peruvian Phaegoptera (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Phaegopterina)</strong></p>
Authors: VINCENT BENOÎT 
Published: March 2020

Two new species of the genus Phaegoptera are described from Peru: Phaegoptera touroulti sp. nov. and Phaegoptera doroshkini sp. nov. Detailed species descriptions are based upon morphological and molecular characters as well as distributional data. Key words: Arctiinae, Phaegopterina, Neotropical fauna, molecular phylogeny
The Translational Turn in Visual Culture
Authors: Di Paola Modesta 
Published: March 2020

Este volumen de REGAC se propone investigar la alianza teórica entre el arte visual y la traducción. El concepto de traducción visual se relaciona con una noción hermenéutica que reflexiona sobre las complejidades del artefacto artístico contemporáneo, pero también con un intento epistemológico de reflexionar entorno a los intercambios culturales y lingüísticos que se dan entre sujetos y eventos internacionales. Los artículos reunidos en cuatro ejes temáticos, o zonas de contactos – lingüística, cultural, intercultural e intermedial - permiten validar la teorización de un giro de la traducción dentro de la teoría del arte visual en los últimos veinte años Traducción visual, traducción cultural, arte visual, interculturalidad, intermedialidad, giro de la traducción. This issue of REGAC aims to investigate the theoretical alliance between art and visual translation. The concept of visual translation is related to both a hermeneutical notion that reflects on the complexities of the contemporary artistic artefact and an epistemological attempt at reflection on the cultural and linguistic exchanges that take place between subjects and international events. The articles collected around four thematic axes, or contact zones – linguistic, cultural, intercultural and intermedial, allow us to validate the theorization of a translational turnwithin visual cultural over the last twenty years.Visual translation, cultural translation, visual art, interculturality, intermediality,translational turn.
SEMEJANZAS VIRTUALES, TRADUCIONES VISUALES. LA IMAGEN, SU LECTURA Y SU TRADUCCIÓN EN WALTER BENJAMIN
Authors: Lesmes González Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Este artículo propone una aproximación a la traducción visual a partir del pensamiento de Walter Benjamin. Nuestro hilo conductor se sitúa en el concepto de “semejanza”, y particularmente en el modo en que Benjamin pasó de considerar las relaciones entre las palabras y las cosas como “semejanzas no sensoriales” a concebir una lectura de las imágenes a partir de sus “semejanzas virtuales”. Entre la “legibilidad de las imágenes” y la teoría benjaminiana de la traducción, tratamos aquí de repensar lo virtual como visual; es decir: repensar la traducción visual en el seno mismo de lo que él llamó “imágenes dialécticas”. This paper proposes an approach to visual translation based on the thinking of Walter Benjamin. Our guiding thread is situated in the concepts of similarity and resemblance, particularly in Benjamin's step from considering the relationships between words and things as “non-sensory similarities” to conceiving the reading of images from their “virtual similarities”. Between the “legibility of the images” and the translation theory of Benjamin, we try here to rethink the virtual as visual; that is: to rethink virtual translation that Benjamin theorized in order to expose a visual translation inside of what he called dialectical images.
TRADUCCIÓN POST-HUMANA EN LA CUARTA FASE DEL CAPITALISMO GLOBAL: TECNOLOGÍAS DIGITALES, LENGUAJES SENSORIALES Y BIG DATA. UN ACERCAMIENTO CRÍTICO DESDE EL ARTE
Authors: Matelli Federica 
Published: March 2020

A partir del concepto de traducción y de comunidad de humanos y no – humanos de Bruno Latour, y retomando algunos conceptos estéticos centrales en la OOO (Ontología Orientada a los Objetos), este articulo expone un tipo de traducción post-humana estrechamente relacionada con la situación global del capitalismo computacional. En este orden extremo del capitalismo global, que está gobernado por algoritmos y condicionado por techno - políticas, la difusión transnacional de las tecnologías digitales instaura un lenguaje sensorial único que traduce, uniformándolas, culturas distintas y al mismo tiempo garantiza el control sobre el presente y el futuro por medio del Big Data, así como nos advierte Armen Avanessian. Su máximo agente es el design de objetos tecnológicos y servicios. A partir de esta constatación se aporta el ejemplo de un proyecto artístico que, trabajando con la traducción de datos por medio de un diseño alternativo, desvela este estado de la cultura digital actual, traduciendo y explicitando las funciones ocultas de algunos objetos digitales de uso cotidiano –como el teléfono móvil– en una instalación con objetos tecnológicos y mapas de datos. Based on the Bruno Latour’s concept of translation and community of humans and non - humans, and retaking some central aesthetic concepts in the OOO (Object Oriented Ontology), this article exposes a type of post-human translation closely related to the global situation of computational capitalism. In this extreme order of global capitalism, which is governed by algorithms and conditioned by techno - policies, the transnational diffusion of digital technologies establishes a unique sensory language that translates, unifying them, different cultures and at the same time guarantees control over the present and the future through Big Data, as Armen Avanessian warns us. Its maximum agent is the design of technological objects and services. From this finding, the example of an artistic project is provided that, working with the translation of data through an alternative design, reveals this state of the current digital culture, translating and explaining the hidden functions of some digital objects for everyday use –Like the mobile phone– in an installation with technological objects and data maps.
Of shame and humiliation in Ladri di biciclette: 'Ciccio formaggio' and 'Tammurriata nera'
Authors: Francese Joseph 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In what follows I analyse how two Neapolitan songs enhance viewer perspective of the personalities of the protagonists of the classic film of Italian neorealism, Ladri di biciclette (Bicycle Thieves) by , Antonio Ricci and his son Bruno. The first, 'Ciccio formaggio', casts into relief Antonio's masculine self-image, particularly his reaction to the impact of unemployment on his traditional role of pater familias and to the possibility of public humiliation, should he fail to retrieve his bicycle. While 'Ciccio' sheds light on the tension in the marital relationship, 'Tammurriata' allows the viewer to consider Bruno's marginalization within a self-perpetuating cycle of poverty, thus shifting focus, at least partially, from the father to the long-term effects on the son (for which Antonio feels shame born of inadequacy).