bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro‐scale chemical and physical patterns in an interface of hydrothermal dolomitization reveals the governing transport mechanisms in nature: Case of the Layens anticline, Pyrenees, France
Authors: Centrella Stephen , Beaudoin Nicolas E. , Derluyn Hannelore , Motte Geoffrey , Hoareau Guilhem , Lanari Pierre , Piccoli Francesca , Pecheyran Christophe , Callot Jean Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHydrothermal dolomitization is an important diagenetic process that occurs in tectonic environments worldwide and forms conventional reservoirs associated with ore deposits and hydrocarbon accumulation, while forming efficient reservoirs for carbon sequestration. However, the current state of knowledge about the availability and reaction rate of Mg in dolomitizing fluids fails to explain the large volumes of hydrothermal dolomites geobodies observed in extended margins or in fold‐and‐thrust belts. To better understand this widespread phenomenon, it is essential to recognize the governing and limiting transport mode of the dolomitizing fluid. This contribution investigates the chemical and physical patterns developed between the original calcite and the newly formed dolomite. An extensive analytical study of well‐preserved dolomitization interfaces observed at outcrop scale in Callovian–Oxfordian limestones in the Layens anticline (north‐western Pyrenees, France) is presented. Through the use of scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, X‐ray microtomography, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (and mapping), the replacement related variations in elementary content, rock density, crystallographic properties and phase volumes and distribution were constrained. The results indicate a sequence of replacement, beginning with a fluid which starts to infiltrate the host rock by advection in the grain boundary network causing at the same time the replacement of calcite by diffusion‐limited dissolution and associated dolomite precipitation. The progressive replacement of calcite grains by dolomite is led by dissolution inside the grain enhanced by replacement related porosity creation, leading to a progressive decrease of local calcite grain size isolated as islands until the replacement is complete. The replacement of calcite by dolomite led to a mass loss without volume change, through generation of ca 11 vol.% porosity. Based on analytical observations of a natural sample, a conceptual model that accounts for the transport mode governing the different steps of hydrothermal dolomitization at crystal‐scale is proposed.
Early silicification of the Cyrenaican chert, Libya: The importance of moganite as a transitional silicon dioxide phase
Authors: El‐Hawat Ahmed S. , El‐Ghali Mohamed A.K. , McLaren Sue J. , Kemp Simon J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Messinian lagoonal carbonate–evaporite sequence of Cyrenaica, north‐east Libya, hosts: (i) opaline nodules in gypsiferous microbial‐rich mudstone; (ii) nodules replacing poikilotopic gypsum cementing bioclastic carbonates; and (iii) bedded porcelanite with large lenticular gypsum pseudomorphs intercalated with recrystallized microbial mats. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, backscattered electron images – secondary electron images, X‐ray fluorescence, X‐ray diffraction and cathodoluminescence techniques were employed to elucidate on the early stages of chert diagenesis and demonstrate the role of moganite in the formation of varieties of chalcedony during silicification. The opaline nodules composed of opal‐A, exhibit shrinkage cracks lined by isopachous fibrous quartzine underlain by a thin birefringent zone. This suggests that quartzine may develop by crystallization and conversion of opal‐A through a transitional moganite. The quartzine is followed by amorphous silica gel that converts into length‐fast chalcedony. By contrast, lutecite evolved by silica replacement of gypsum through a transitional moganite phase, which forms an amorphous zone in apparent optical continuity with the fibrous lutecite; as moganite advances by pseudo‐crystalline terminations controlled by the gypsum cleavage. In gypsified oyster shells, intercrystalline organic matter enveloping pseudomorphed shell microstructures enabled moganite nucleation that merges syntaxially around the gypsum crystal rim. The associated lutecite occurs as radial‐fibrous beekite aggregates that are consistent with early shell silicification. The bedded porcelanite consists of opal‐CT groundmass undergoing recrystallization and enclosing micro‐cavities lined by quartzine. The associated pseudomorphs display phases of gypsum replacement by moganite and lutecite at the outer margin, followed by dissolution and cavity filling by quartz varieties in response to fluid flushing. In all cases, organic matter and microbes played a vital role in the silicification process.
Loneliness and the Emotional Experience of Absence
Authors: Roberts Tom , Krueger Joel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we develop an analysis of the structure and content of loneliness. We argue that this is anemotion of absence—an affective state in which certain social goods are regarded as out of reach for the subject of experience. By surveying the range of social goods that appear to be missing from the lonely person's perspective, we see what it is that can make this emotional condition so subjectively awful for those who undergo it, including the profound sense of being unable to realize oneself, in collaboration with others.
Exchange rate volatility and commodity trade between United States and Australia: An asymmetric analysis
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Harvey Hanafiah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrevious studies that assessed the impact of exchange rate volatility on Australian trade flows assumed that the effects are symmetric, meaning that if an x% increase in volatility hurts trade flows by y%, an x% decreased in volatility, boosts trade flows by y%. The new direction in the literature is to engage in asymmetric analysis, since the rate at which trade flows respond to increased volatility could be different than the rate at which they response to declines. We do this by assessing the symmetric and asymmetric effects of the Australian dollar–U.S. dollar exchange rate volatility on the exports of 230 U.S. exporting industries to Australia and 129 Australian exporting industries to the United States. We find overwhelming support for short‐run and long‐run asymmetric effects of exchange rate volatility on both countries exports to each other. A few large industries that were not found to be affected by volatility symmetrically, they were found to be affected asymmetrically.
State Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries With Phase Transition Materials Via Boundary Observers
Authors: Koga Shumon , Camacho-Solorio Leobardo , Krstic Miroslav 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP) is a common active material in lithium-ion batteries. It has been observed that this material undergoes phase transitions during the normal charge and discharge operation of the battery. Electrochemical models of lithium-ion batteries can be modified to account for this phenomenon at the expense of some added complexity. We explore this problem for the single particle model (SPM) where the underlying dynamic model for diffusion of lithium ions in phase transition materials is a partial differential equation (PDE) with a moving boundary. We derive a novel boundary observer to estimate the concentration of lithium ions together with a moving boundary radius from the SPM via the backstepping method for PDEs, and simulations are provided to illustrate the performance of the observer. Our comments are stated on the gap between the proposed observer and a complete state-of-charge (SoC) estimation algorithm for lithium-ion batteries with phase transition materials.
Young boy with a long history of splenomegaly and cytopenia
Authors: De Nardi Laura , Zanchi Chiara , Basso Luca , Sanabor Daniela , Di Leo Grazia , Barbi Egidio 
Published: October 2020

A 15-year-old boy was admitted with a history of cytopenia (white blood cell count 3.170/μm, platelets 90.000/μm) associated with splenomegaly, found during investigations for recurrent mild jaundice due to Gilbert’s syndrome.He was in good general health, without systemic symptoms; therefore, the leading causes of asymptomatic splenomegaly were excluded. Coagulation, liver tests and abdomen ultrasound (US) were normal, showing a hepatopetal portal flow to the colour-Doppler. There was no sign of haemolysis on haematology investigations. The C reactive protein, immune globulins levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were normal, excluding both an infective and an immune regulation disorder. We excluded the haematological malignancy and lymphoproliferative disorders through a peripheral blood smear and a bone marrow biopsy.His history was remarkable for neonatal sepsis, which required umbilical venous catheter during hospitalisation in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The patient follow-up was interrupted for a while, probably due to his good health condition.At age 17 years, the child accessed our emergency department. for a minor trauma to the limbs, and his physical examination was unremarkable, except for the splenomegaly. We repeated the abdomen US, with colour flow Doppler (figure 1).Figure 1B-mode shows 1.4 cm of maximum calibre of portal vein at hilus with slightly perihilar hyperechogenicity; colour and power Doppler US shows preserved hepatopetal flow and PSV of 41 cm/s (normal range 20–40 cm/s). PSV, peak systolic velocity; US, ultrasound.QuestionsWhat is the most likely diagnosis?Portal vein obstructionGaucher diseaseAutoimmune sclerosing cholangitisLeukemic hepatic infiltrationWhat is the gold standard imaging for diagnosis?Abdomen Doppler USContrast-enhanced CTCT without contrastUltrasound-based elastographyHow should this child be managed?Upper gastrointestinal endoscopyBeta-blocker therapyLeft-mesenteric portal vein bypass (Meso-Rex bypass)Transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shuntAnswers can be found on page 02.
Atrial arrhythmias and thromboembolic complications in adults post Fontan surgery
Authors: Wan Darryl , Grewal Jasmine , Barlow Amanda , Kiess Marla , Human Derek , Krahn Andrew D , Riahi Mounir , Chakrabarti Santabhanu 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivePatients with Fontan surgery experience late complications in adulthood. We studied the factors associated with the development and maintenance of atrial arrhythmias and thromboembolic complications in an adult population with univentricuar physiology post Fontan surgery.MethodsSingle centre retrospective cohort study of patients ≥18 years of age with Fontan circulation followed at our quaternary care centre for more than 1 year were included. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used where applicable to ascertain clinically significant associations between risk factors and complications.Results93 patients were included (age 30.2±8.8 years, 58% men). 28 (30%) had atriopulmonary Fontan connection, 35 (37.6%) had lateral tunnel Fontan and 29 (31.1%) had extracardiac Fontan pathway. After a mean of 7.27±5.1 years, atrial arrhythmia was noted in 37 patients (39.8%), of which 13 developed had atrial fibrillation (14%). The presence of atrial arrhythmia was associated with the number of prior cardiac surgeries/procedures, increasing age and prior atriopulmonary Fontan operation. Thromboembolic events were present in 31 patients (33%); among them 14 had stroke (45%), 3 had transient ischaemic attack (9.7%), 7 had pulmonary embolism (22.6%) and 5 had atrial thrombus with imaging (16.1%). The presence of thromboembolic events was only associated with age and the presence of cirrhosis in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsAtrial arrhythmias are common in adults with Fontan circulation at an early age, and are associated with prior surgical history and increasing age. Traditional risk factors may not be associated with atrial arrhythmia or thromboembolism in this cohort.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of prolactin and iron deficiency in peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cherubin Sinaida , Peoples Taylar , Gillard Jessica , Lakhal-Littleton Samira , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Nair Manisha 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that compared levels of molecular biomarkers in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) to those in healthy pregnant and postpartum women to: (1) assess the evidence for prolactin (PRL) metabolism in PPCM, (2) ascertain the evidence for biomarkers of iron deficiency in PPCM, (3) identify other biomarkers associated with PPCM.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and the Global Health Library from inception without language restriction for studies that compared biomarkers levels in PPCM cases to healthy controls. Pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) was generated using a random effects model for the difference in levels of biomarkers.ResultsTwo studies assessed the association of PRL with PPCM, and reported that PPCM cases have higher levels of total PRL. No studies investigated iron metabolism in PPCM. Other biomarkers associated with PPCM included serum levels of natriuretic peptides (SMD=3.77, 95% CI 0.71 to 6.82), albumin (SMD=-0.67, 95% CI -1.01 to -0.32), C-reactive protein (SMD=1.67, 95% CI 0.22 to 3.12), selenium (SMD=-0.73, 95% CI -1.58 to 0.12), cardiac troponins (SMD=1.06, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.80), creatinine (SMD=0.51, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.69), white bloodcells (SMD=0.44, 95 % CI 0.07 to 0.82), haemoglobin (SMD=-0.45, 95% CI -0.64 to-0.26).ConclusionsMore robust molecular studies are needed to explore the association between prolactin and PPCM in human subjects and to determine the extent to which iron deficiency (with or without anaemia) contributes to the risk of PPCM.
A systematic review of compositional data analysis studies examining associations between sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity with health outcomes in adults
Authors: Janssen Ian , Clarke Anna E. , Carson Valerie , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Giangregorio Lora M. , Kho Michelle E. , Poitras Veronica J. , Ross Robert , Saunders Travis J. , Ross-White Amanda , Chastin Sebastien F.M. 
Published: October 2020

This systematic review determined if the composition of time spent in movement behaviours (i.e., sleep, sedentary behaviour (SED), light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)) is associated with health in adults. Five electronic databases were searched in August 2019. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were peer-reviewed, examined community-dwelling adults, and used compositional data analysis to examine the associations between the composition of time spent in movement behaviours and health outcomes. Eight studies (7 cross-sectional, 1 prospective cohort) of >12 000 unique participants were included. Findings indicated that the 24-h movement behaviour composition was associated with all-cause mortality (1 of 1 analyses), adiposity (4 of 4 analyses), and cardiometabolic biomarkers (8 of 15 analyses). Reallocating time into MVPA from other movement behaviours was associated with favourable changes to most health outcomes and taking time out of SED and reallocating it into other movement behaviours was associated with favourable changes to all-cause mortality. The quality of evidence was very low for all health outcomes. In conclusion, these findings support the notion that the composition of movement across the entire 24-h day matters, and that recommendations for sleep, SED, and physical activity should be combined into a single public health guideline. (PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42019121641.)Novelty The 24-h movement behaviour composition is associated with a variety of health outcomes. Reallocating time into MVPA is favourably associated with health. Reallocating time out of SED is associated with favourable changes to mortality risk.
Dissemination and implementation of national physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and/or sleep guidelines among community-dwelling adults aged 18 years and older: a systematic scoping review and suggestions for future reporting and research
Authors: Tomasone J.R. , Kauffeldt K.D. , Morgan T.L. , Magor K.W. , Latimer-Cheung A.E. , Faulkner G. , Ross-White A. , Poitras V. , Kho M.E. , Ross R. 
Published: October 2020

Strategies for dissemination (purposive distribution of a guideline to specific audiences) and implementation (actions to support the general public in meeting guideline recommendations/behavioural benchmarks) of national movement guidelines (physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour, and sleep) have yet to be synthesized. The purpose of this systematic scoping review was to identify strategies for dissemination and implementation of national PA, sedentary behaviour, and/or sleep guidelines among community-dwelling adults (aged >18 years) and/or stakeholders in Canada and analogous countries. Five search approaches (e.g., published literature, grey literature, targeted web-based, custom Google, and content expert consultation) identified records (e.g., empirical studies, organizational reports, website pages, or guideline messages) that discussed and/or evaluated dissemination or implementation strategies for a prespecified list of guidelines. A modified strategy classification system was developed to chart the data. Forty-seven reports met inclusion criteria. Dissemination strategies (n = 42) were more frequently reported than implementation strategies (n = 24). Implementation strategies were more frequently evaluated (n = 13 vs. 7 dissemination strategies) and associated with positive outcomes. The 13 studies that evaluated strategies were at high or serious risk of bias. We identified limited information about the dissemination and implementation of national movement guidelines and identified strategies were rarely evaluated. Greater efforts are required to increase the impact of guidelines among the general public and stakeholders and to build the evidence base in this field. (Open Science Framework registration: https://osf.io/4tyw3 .)Novelty An adapted movement guideline dissemination and implementation strategy classification framework is provided. Knowledge translation efforts should be documented and evaluated to advance science and practice in the movement guideline field.
The magnetic moment of $$Z_{c}(3900)$$ as an axial-vector molecular state
Authors: Xu Yong-Jiang , Liu Yong-Lu , Huang Ming-Qiu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we tentatively assign $$Z_{c}(3900)$$

Z
c

(
3900
)

to be an axialvector molecular state, and calculate its magnetic moment using the QCD sum rule method in an external weak electromagnetic field. Starting with the two-point correlation function in the external electromagnetic field and expanding it in powers of the electromagnetic interaction Hamiltonian, we extract the mass and pole residue of the $$Z_{c}(3900)$$

Z
c

(
3900
)

state from the leading term in the expansion and the magnetic moment from the linear response to the external electromagnetic field. The numerical values are $$m_{Z_{c}}=3.97\pm 0.12\,\text{ GeV }$$

m

Z
c

=
3.97
±
0.12

GeV

in agreement with the experimental value $$m^{exp}_{Z_{c}}=3899.0\pm 3.6\pm 4.9\text{ MeV }$$

m

Z
c

exp

=
3899.0
±
3.6
±
4.9

MeV

, $$\lambda _{Z_{c}}=2.1\pm 0.4\times 10^{-2}\,\text{ GeV}^{5}$$

λ

Z
c

=
2.1
±
0.4
×

10

-
2

GeV
5

and $$\mu _{Z_{c}}=0.19^{+0.04}_{-0.01}\mu _{N}$$

μ

Z
c

=
0
.

19

-
0.01

+
0.04

μ
N

.
MICROSTRUCTURE OF NiCrBSi/WC COMPOSITE COATING DEPOSITED ON AISI316 STAINLESS STEEL BY TIG COATING PROCESS
Authors: BUYTOZ S. , KOK M. , QADER I. N. , BALCI E. , DAGDELEN F. 
Published: October 2020

It is aimed to investigate the coating of AISI316 stainless steel with NiCrBSi/WC at different ratios using TIG method. In this study, the Ni-based WC-reinforced MMC layer was manufactured by the TIG composite coating method, and then the microstructure of the coating layer was examined. Microstructure and phase components of the composite coatings were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. A metallurgic bound was found between the coating layer and the substrate through the TIG coating process. WC was re-solidified in the matrix by dissolving with high input energy. Several phases were found, including Ni-rich ([Formula: see text]-Ni) primary dendritic phase, Ni-Ni3B, and Ni3Si eutectic structure, Cr7C3, Cr2B3, Cr3Ni2, Ni2W4C, and Ni[Formula: see text]W3 phases in dendritic structures. The presence of carbides in the structure had affected the hardness of the coating. The maximum hardness value was found to be 469.5 HV and the hardness of the coating layers was increased at least 2.5 times compared to that of the substrate material.
Promiscuous Structural Variants Drive Myeloma Initiation and Progression
Authors: Bergsagel P. Leif , Kuehl W. Michael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Summary: A comprehensive genomic analysis of structural variants in multiple myeloma in this issue highlights the key role of these events, involving primarily the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in disease initiation and the MYC locus in disease progression. However, the current study reveals the large number of genomic hotspots, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and recombination mechanisms that contribute to multiple myeloma heterogeneity.
See related article by Rustad et al., p. 258.
Monosomy X in Female Mice Influences the Regional Formation and Augments the Severity of Angiotensin II–Induced Aortopathies
Authors: AlSiraj Yasir , Thatcher Sean E. , Blalock Eric , Saintilnord Wesley N. , Daugherty Alan , Lu Hong S. , Luo Wei , Shen Ying H. , LeMaire Scott A. , Arnold Arthur P. , Cassis Lisa A. 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
Turner syndrome women (monosomy X) have high risk of aortopathies consistent with a role for sex chromosomes in disease development. We demonstrated that sex chromosomes influence regional development of Ang II (angiotensin II)–induced aortopathies in mice. In this study, we determined if the number of X chromosomes regulates regional development of Ang II–induced aortopathies.

Approach and Results:

We used females with varying numbers of X chromosomes (XX female mice [XXF] or XO female mice [XOF]) on an C57BL/6J (ascending aortopathies) or low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (
Ldlr
−/−
) background (descending and abdominal aortopathies) compared with XY males (XYM). To induce aortopathies, mice were infused with Ang II. XOF (C57BL/6J) exhibited larger percent increases in ascending aortic lumen diameters than Ang II–infused XXF or XYM. Ang II–infused XOF (
Ldlr
−/−
) exhibited similar incidences of thoracic (XOF, 50%; XYM, 71%) and abdominal aortopathies (XOF, 83%; XYM, 71%) as XYM, which were greater than XXF (XXF, 0%). Abdominal aortic lumen diameters and maximal external diameters were similar between XOF and XYM but greater than XXF, and these effects persisted with extended Ang II infusions. Larger aortic lumen diameters, abdominal aortopathy incidence (XXF, 20%; XOF, 75%), and maximal aneurysm diameters (XXF, 1.02±0.17; XOF, 1.96±0.32 mm;
P
=0.027) persisted in ovariectomized Ang II–infused XOF mice. Data from RNA-seq demonstrated that X chromosome genes that escape X-inactivation (histone lysine demethylases
Kdm5c
and
Kdm6a
) exhibited lower mRNA abundance in aortas of XOF than XXF (
P
=0.033 and 0.024, respectively). Conversely, DNA methylation was higher in aortas of XOF than XXF (
P
=0.038).

Conclusions:
The absence of a second X chromosome promotes diffuse Ang II–induced aortopathies in females.