bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of acidification of pig slurry digestate applied on winter rapeseed on the ammonia emission reduction
Authors: Eihe Paula , Vebere Lasma Lucija , Grinfelde Inga , Pilecka Jovita , Sachpazidou Varvara , Grinberga Linda 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Agriculture is the main source of ammonia emissions. It generates around 75% of global emissions of ammonia to the atmosphere and soil fertilisation accounts for half of agricultural emissions. Ammonia emissions have a negative impact on ecosystems and human health, as it is able to accumulate both as solid particles and as an integral part of acid cases. Measures to reduce ammonia emissions can be divided into three large groups: the first group is ammonia-reducing measures in animal housing, the second group is ammonia-reducing measures during manure storage, and the third group is ammonia-reducing measures during the application of manure. Measurements of ammonia emissions were carried out in the parish of Jaunberze, which took place on 30 April and 1 May 2018. Sulphuric acid was used for acidification of pig slurry digestate. Picarro G2508 was used for on field measurement of ammonia concentrations with 1 second interval, a measurement time of one session was 400 seconds. The volume of the chamber was 60 l and was connected to the Picarro G2508 using a 10 m long Teflon tube. The measurement of ammonia emissions was with three repetitions for each measurement, with a reference error of less than 5%. Emissions were measured at different time intervals: immediately after digestate distribution, 2 hours, 4 hours and the 24 hours after digestate application. The emission of ammonia from digestate without vegetation after 24 hours was 13 kg ha−1, for acidified digestate without vegetation 8.5 kg ha −1, while the acidified digestate with vegetation within 24 hours reached 2.5 kg of ha −1 ammonia emissions, five times lower than that of non-vegetation.
Industrial symbiosis efficiency parameters in context of Regional sustainable development
Authors: Viederyte Rasa , Paulauskiene Tatjana , Anne Olga , Abele Lilita 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRegional sustainable development demands detailed structured efficiency counting methods overview, which allow to analyse industrial symbiosis effects. Currently industrial symbiosis is defined as mutual commercial and managerial co-habitat of business entities, which mainly in scientific literature are analysed in terms of legislative procedures and management rules. Regional sustainable development depends on Industrial symbiosis efficiency and synergy, which also can be counted by using methods of applied efficiency parameters. The article analyses the main efficiency counting parameters, used to evaluate industrial symbiosis in terms of regional sustainable development systems.
Angular momentum supercontinuum from fibre rings
Authors: Maitland Calum , Biancalana Fabio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Broadband, coherent light carrying optical angular momentum (AM) is of potential utility for a variety of classical and quantum communication applications, but at present few such sources exist. We study the theory of generation of supercontinua in a ring array of coupled optical fibres. Short pulses carrying discrete AM undergo soliton fission, spontaneously breaking azimuthal symmetry. This results in a train of pulses with a broadband frequency spectrum as well as a non-trivial AM distribution. These spatio-temporal solitary waves, localised around a single fibre core, emit an unusual form of resonant radiation which can be present even in the absence of intrinsic higher order dispersion, being induced by the lattice dispersion of the ring array. We explore how the coupling properties between fibre cores affect the resulting supercontinuum, in particular how mildly twisting the array can effectively manipulate its AM content and resonant frequencies through the induced Peierls phase.
Mechanical properties and microstructure analysis of welding-brazing of Al/ti butt joint with Zn foil additive
Authors: Xu Chuan , Peng Cheng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
TIG welding-brazing features of 5052 Al alloy and Ti6Al4V alloy in butt configuration with Zn foil additive were studied with varying welding heat input. The joint morphology, mechanical performance, microstructure and joining mechanism were investigated in terms of experiment observation and analysis. Results reveal that the TIG welding-brazing process was successfully developed to join 5052 Al alloy and Ti6Al4V alloy. With low heat input, a mass of residual Zn and a thin TiAl3 IMCs layer occurred in the fusion area and brazing area respectively. And with optimal heat input, both the homogeneous diffusion of Zn atoms and the formation of clubbed interfacial reaction layer were beneficial to enhance joint performance. The optimized Al/Ti joint with the maximum joining strength of 192MPa was obtained under the current of 90A. Fracture occurred in the weld seam zone adjacent to the interface of Al/Ti and the fracture morphology was characterized by typical dimples and tearing ridges.
Association of exercise with all-cause mortality in older Taipei residents
Authors: Lai Yun-Ju , Yen Yung-Feng , Chen Li-Jung , Ku Po-Wen , Chen Chu-Chieh , Lin Yu-Kai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Human life expectancy has increased rapidly in recent decades. Regular exercise can promote health, but the effect of exercise on mortality is not yet well understood.

Objective
To investigate the association of exercise with mortality in the older people.

Methods
We used data from annual health check-ups of the older citizens of Taipei in 2006. Participants were interviewed by trained nurses using a structured questionnaire to collect data on demographics and lifestyle behaviours. Overnight fasting blood was collected for measuring blood glucose, liver and renal function and lipid profiles. Exercise frequency was categorised into no exercise, 1–2 times in a week and more than 3–5 times in a week. All-cause mortality was ascertained from the National Registration of Death. All participants were followed up until death or December 312012, whichever came first. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard analysis were used to investigate the association between exercise and all-cause mortality.

Results
In total, 42,047 older people were analysed; 22,838 (54.32%) were male and with a mean (SD) age of 74.58 (6.32) years. Kaplan–Meier curves of all-cause mortality stratified by exercise frequency demonstrated significant findings (Log-rank P &lt; 0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that older people with higher exercise levels had a significantly decreased risk of mortality (moderate exercise HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.68–0.81, high exercise HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.59–0.70) after adjusting for potential confounders, with a significant trend (P for trend&lt;0.01).

Conclusions
Older people with increased exercise levels had a significantly decreased risk of all-cause mortality.
Alcohol Sponsorship and Esports: Reinforcing the Need for Legislative Restrictions on Alcohol Sponsorship
Authors: Chambers Tim 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Alcohol sponsorship in esports is on the rise. Many esports athletes and viewers are children and young people. Alcohol sponsorship of esports places millions of children and young people at risk of alcohol-related harm. Action on alcohol sponsorship in esports may provide policy makers an opportunity for greater restrictions on all alcohol sports sponsorship.
Neuropsychological Assessment of Professional Ice Hockey Players: A Cross-Cultural Examination of Baseline Data Across Language Groups
Authors: Echemendia Ruben J , Thelen Joanie , Meeuwisse Willem , Hutchison Michael G , Rizos John , Comper Paul , Bruce Jared M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
Neuropsychological testing in sports has become routine across all levels of play. The National Hockey League (NHL) has conducted baseline neuropsychological assessment of all players since 1997. This study seeks to examine baseline differences among linguistically and culturally diverse groups within the NHL and to present comprehensive normative data for these groups.

Method
Baseline data were obtained from 3,145 professional hockey players’ baseline symptom reporting, neuropsychological test performance on a battery of traditional “paper and pencil” measures, and self-reported concussion history. In addition, 604 baseline post-injury paper and pencil evaluations were conducted the season following a concussion and 4,780 computerized baseline ImPACT administrations were obtained following the introduction of computerized testing.

Results
Normative data for paper and pencil tests and ImPACT are presented for the major language groups within the league: English, French, Swedish, Russian, Czech, Finnish, and German (ImPACT only). It was found that symptom reporting, the number of concussions sustained, and neuropsychological test results vary significantly based on a players’ language of origin. This variability was also present when players were tested in their language of origin.

Conclusions
This study provides insight into the significant baseline differences that exist among NHL players regarding symptoms, concussion history, and cognitive functioning. The findings are discussed with respect to the evaluation and management of NHL players who sustain concussion and more generally in the context of neuropsychological assessment in cross-cultural settings, including the importance of examining neuropsychological functioning using culturally specific norms.
Making the Subjective Objective: Machine Learning and Rhinoplasty
Authors: Dorfman Robert , Chang Irene , Saadat Sean , Roostaeian Jason 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Machine learning represents a new frontier in surgical innovation. The ranking Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a novel machine learning algorithm that helps elucidate patterns and features of aging that are not always appreciable with the human eye.

Objectives
The authors sought to determine the impact of aesthetic rhinoplasty on facial aging employing a multidimensional facial recognition and comparison software.

Methods
A retrospective chart review and subsequent analysis was carried out on all female patients who underwent open rhinoplasty with the senior author from 2014 through 2018 and had postoperative photos at 12 or more weeks follow-up. All photos were analyzed with Microsoft Azure Face API (Redmond, WA), which estimates patients’ age by cropping the face from a photograph and then extracting a CNN-based prediction through multiple deep neural networks.

Results
A total of 100 patients ultimately met full inclusion criteria. The average post-surgical follow up for this cohort was 29 weeks (median, 14 weeks; range, 12-64 weeks). Patients ranged from 16 to 72 years old (mean, 32.75 years; median, 28.00 years; standard deviation, 12.79 years). The ranking CNN algorithm on average estimated patients preoperatively to be 0.03 years older than their actual age. The correlation coefficient between actual age and predicted preoperative age was r = 0.91. On average, patients were found to look younger post-open rhinoplasty (−3.10 vs 0.03 years, P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
The ranking CNN algorithm is both accurate and precise in estimating human age before and after cosmetic rhinoplasty. Given the resulting data, the effects of open rhinoplasty on reversing signs of facial aging should be revisited.

Level of Evidence: 4
RocaSec: a standalone GUI-based package for robust co-evolutionary analysis of proteins
Authors: Quadeer Ahmed A , Morales-Jimenez David , McKay Matthew R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Summary
Patterns of mutational correlations, learnt from protein sequences, have been shown to be informative of co-evolutionary sectors that are tightly linked to functional and/or structural properties of proteins. Previously, we developed a statistical inference method, robust co-evolutionary analysis (RoCA), to reliably predict co-evolutionary sectors of proteins, while controlling for statistical errors caused by limited data. RoCA was demonstrated on multiple viral proteins, with the inferred sectors showing close correspondences with experimentally-known biochemical domains. To facilitate seamless use of RoCA and promote more widespread application to protein data, here we present a standalone cross-platform package ‘RocaSec’ which features an easy-to-use GUI. The package only requires the multiple sequence alignment of a protein for inferring the co-evolutionary sectors. In addition, when information on the protein biochemical domains is provided, RocaSec returns the corresponding statistical association between the inferred sectors and biochemical domains.

Availability and implementation
The RocaSec software is publicly available under the MIT License at https://github.com/ahmedaq/RocaSec.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Isolation and predation drive gecko life-history evolution on islands
Authors: Schwarz Rachel , Itescu Yuval , Antonopoulos Antonis , Gavriilidi Ioanna-Aikaterini , Tamar Karin , Pafilis Panayiotis , Meiri Shai 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInsular animals are thought to be under weak predation pressure and increased intraspecific competition compared with those on the mainland. Thus, insular populations are predicted to evolve ‘slow’ life histories characterized by fewer and smaller clutches of larger eggs, a pattern called the ‘island syndrome’. To test this pattern, we collected data on egg volume, clutch size and laying frequency of 31 Aegean Island populations of the closely related geckos of the Mediodactylus kotschyi species complex. We tested how predation pressure, resource abundance, island area and isolation influenced reproductive traits. Isolation and predation were the main drivers of variation in life-history traits. Higher predator richness seemed to promote faster life histories, perhaps owing to predation on adults, whereas the presence of boas promoted slower life histories, perhaps owing to release from predation by rats on the eggs of geckos. Insular geckos followed only some of the predictions of the ‘island syndrome’. Predation pressure seemed to be more complex than expected and drove life histories of species in two opposing directions. Our results highlight the importance of considering the identity of specific predators in ecological studies.
Interaction between PI3K/AKT and Hippo pathways during in vitro follicular activation and response to fragmentation and chemotherapy exposure using a mouse immature ovary model
Authors: Devos Melody , Grosbois Johanne , Demeestere Isabelle 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Understanding and control of the massive and accelerated follicular growth that occurs during in vitro culture of ovarian tissue is a crucial step toward the development of efficient culture systems that offer an attractive alternative to ovarian tissue transplantation for fertility restoration in cancer survivors. One outstanding question focuses on processes that occur prior to cryopreservation, such as tissue sectioning or chemotherapeutic treatment, might exacerbate this follicular activation. Although the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is well known as a major trigger of physiological and chemotherapy-induced follicular activation, studies have shown that disruption of Hippo pathway due to ovarian fragmentation acts as an additional stimulator. This study aimed to characterize the possible interactions between these pathways using post-natal day 3 mouse ovaries cultured for 4 or 48 h. Morphology, gene transcription, and protein levels were assessed to investigate the impact of sectioning or chemotherapy exposure (4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide [4HC], 3 and 20 μM). The effect of an mTORC1 inhibitor, Everolimus, alone or as a 4HC co-treatment to prevent follicle activation was evaluated. The results showed that organ removal from its physiological environment was as effective as sectioning for disruption of Hippo pathway and induction of follicle activation. Both PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Hippo pathways were involved in chemotherapy-induced follicular activation and responded to fragmentation. Surprisingly, Everolimus was able to prevent the activation of both pathways during chemotherapy exposure, suggesting cross-talk between them. This study underscores the major involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Hippo pathways in in vitro follicle activation and provides evidence that both can be regulated using mTORC1 inhibitor.
Covariate Assisted Principal regression for covariance matrix outcomes
Authors: Zhao Yi , Wang Bingkai , Mostofsky Stewart H , Caffo Brian S , Luo Xi 
Published: December 2019

Summary
In this study, we consider the problem of regressing covariance matrices on associated covariates. Our goal is to use covariates to explain variation in covariance matrices across units. As such, we introduce Covariate Assisted Principal (CAP) regression, an optimization-based method for identifying components associated with the covariates using a generalized linear model approach. We develop computationally efficient algorithms to jointly search for common linear projections of the covariance matrices, as well as the regression coefficients. Under the assumption that all the covariance matrices share identical eigencomponents, we establish the asymptotic properties. In simulation studies, our CAP method shows higher accuracy and robustness in coefficient estimation over competing methods. In an example resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of healthy adults, CAP identifies human brain network changes associated with subject demographics.
The Concept of Moral Ecology in Media Sociology Research
Authors: Plaisance Patrick Lee 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis project provides an explication of moral ecology, tracing its roots from 19th-century scientific approaches to its 20th-century critical-cultural focus, and introducing its latest moral-psychology incarnation for future media research. While the rich media ecology scholarship has focused primarily on the realm of effects, emerging applications of the moral ecology concept are shifting that focus onto the sociological processes and organizational structures involved in the formation of moral dispositions and standards. This project promotes an argument for why moral ecology should be considered an essential focus of media sociology research in general and media ethics scholarship in particular. Such a focus spotlights the organizational-level factors that serve to help or hinder the ability of media workers to act virtuously and uphold professional norms.
Meta-analysis of studies examining the external validity of the dual antiplatelet therapy score
Authors: Witberg Guy , Zusman Oren , Yahav Dafna , Perl Leor , Vaknin-Assa Hana , Kornowski Ran 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
The dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) score is meant to aid clinicians choose the DAPT duration but attempts to examine the external validity of the DAPT score and its decision tool have reported mostly disappointing results. Our aim was to perform a meta-analysis of all available data on the external validity of the DAPT score.

Methods and results
We conducted a meta-analysis of studies that examined the external validity of the DAPT score/its decision tool. Seven studies (77 274 patients) were included. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 24 (median 18) months. Overall, high (≥2) DAPT score was associated with increased risk for myocardial infarction (MI)/stent thrombosis (ST) [odds ratio (OR) 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41–1.69; P &lt; 0.01], and lower risk for bleeding (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73–0.97; P = 0.01). In the high DAPT score stratum, extended (12–24 months), as compared to standard (6–12 months) DAPT duration was associated with a reduction in the risk for MI/ST (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48–0.94; P = 0.02), and no difference in the risk for bleeding (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.65–1.66; P = 0.88), while in the low DAPT score stratum, extended DAPT duration was associated with no difference in the risk for MI/ST (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.76–1.43; P = 0.80), and an increased risk for bleeding (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.15–2.15; P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
This first meta-analysis of studies examining the external validation of the DAPT score and its decision tool, our results suggest that the DAPT score is useful both for stratifying post-percutaneous coronary intervention patients into risk strata for future ischaemic and bleeding events as well aiding in choosing the optimal DAPT duration for the individual patient.
Can Helping the Sick Hurt the Able? Incentives, Information and Disruption in a Welfare Reform
Authors: Koenig Felix , Petrongolo Barbara , Van Reenen John , Bagaria Nitika 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The UK Jobcentre Plus reform sharpened bureaucratic incentives to help disability benefit recipients (relative to unemployment insurance recipients) into jobs. In the long run, the policy raised exits off diasability benefits by 10% and left unemployment outflows roughly unchanged, consistent with (i) beneficial effects of reorganising welfare offices for both groups, and (ii) a shift in bureaucrats' efforts towards getting disability benefit recipients into jobs relative to those on unemployment benefit. The policy accounted for about 30% of the decline in the aggregate disability rolls between 2003 and 2008. In the short run, however, we detect a reduction in unemployment exits and no effect on disability exits, suggesting important initial disruption effects from the big reorganisation. This highlights the difficulty of welfare reform as policymakers may focus on the short-run political costs rather than the long-run economic benefits.
Renal denervation ameliorates the risk of ventricular fibrillation in overweight and heart failure
Authors: Yamada Shinya , Lo Li-Wei , Chou Yu-Hui , Lin Wei-Lun , Chang Shih-Lin , Lin Yenn-Jiang , Liu Shin-Huei , Cheng Wen-Han , Tsai Tsung-Ying , Chen Shih-Ann 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
Both obesity and heart failure (HF) are associated with sudden cardiac death. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of overweight and HF on the substrate for ventricular fibrillation (VF), and whether renal denervation (RDN) can protect the heart from sympathetic activation and cardiac remodelling in HF rabbits fed with high-fat diet (HFD).

Methods and results
Twenty-four rabbits randomized into control group fed with regular diet (Control), HFD, HFD-HF, and HFD-HF-RDN groups. Rapid ventricular pacing of 400 b.p.m. for 4 weeks was applied in HFD-HF and HFD-HF-RDN. Surgical and chemical RDNs were approached through bilateral retroperitoneal flank incisions in HFD-HF-RDN. All rabbits received electrophysiological study and a VF inducibility test. The ventricular myocardium was harvested for trichrome stain. After 3 months, mean body weight was heavier in HFD, compared with control (3.5 ± 0.1 kg vs. 2.6 ± 0.1 kg, P &lt; 0.01). No differences in body weight among the three groups fed with HFD were observed. The ventricular refractory periods were longer in HFD-HF and HFD-HF-RDN than in control. An extension of ventricular fibrosis was observed in HFD and HFD-HF compared with control, and the degree of ventricular fibrosis was suppressed in HFD-HF-RDN compared with HFD-HF. The level of tyrosine hydroxylase staining was reduced in HFD-HF-RDN compared with HFD and HFD-HF. Importantly, VF inducibility was lower in HFD-RDN-HF (10 ± 4%), when compared with those in HFD-HF (58 ± 10%, P &lt; 0.01) and HFD (42 ± 5%, P &lt; 0.05), respectively.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that overweight and HF increase sympathetic activity, structural remodelling, and VF inducibility, but RDN prevents them.