bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persulfate mediated solar photo-Fenton aiming at wastewater treatment plant effluent improvement at neutral PH: emerging contaminant removal, disinfection, and elimination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Authors: V. M. Starling Maria Clara , Costa Elizângela P. , Souza Felipe A. , Machado Elayne C. , de Araujo Juliana Calábria , Amorim Camila C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work investigated an innovative alternative to improve municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent (MWWTP effluent) quality aiming at the removal of contaminants of emerging concern (caffeine, carbendazim, and losartan potassium), and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), as well as disinfection (E. coli). Persulfate was used as an alternative oxidant in the solar photo-Fenton process (solar/Fe/S2O82−) due to its greater stability in the presence of matrix components. The efficiency of solar/Fe/S2O82− at neutral pH using intermittent iron additions is unprecedented in the literature. At first, solar/Fe/S2O82− was performed in a solar simulator (30 W m−2) leading to more than 60% removal of CECs, and the intermittent iron addition strategy was proved effective. Then, solar/Fe/S2O82− and solar/Fe/H2O2 were compared in semi-pilot scale in a raceway pond reactor (RPR) and a cost analysis was performed. Solar/Fe/S2O82− showed higher efficiencies of removal of target CECs (55%), E. coli (3 log units), and ARB (3 to 4 log units) within 1.9 kJ L−1 of accumulated irradiation compared to solar/Fe/H2O2 (CECs, 49%; E. coli, 2 log units; ARB, 1 to 3 log units in 2.5 kJ L−1). None of the treatments generated acute toxicity upon Allivibrio fischeri. Lower total cost was obtained using S2O82− (0.6 € m−3) compared to H2O2 (1.2 € m−3). Therefore, the iron intermittent addition aligned to the use of persulfate is suitable for MWWTP effluent quality improvement at neutral pH.
Pharmacokinetic study of traditional Japanese Kampo medicine shimotsuto used to treat gynecological diseases in rats
Authors: Takiyama Mikina , Matsumoto Takashi , Sanechika Sho , Watanabe Junko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Shimotsuto is a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine used to treat gynecological diseases, such as irregular menstruation, in addition to oversensitivity to cold and chilblains. Part of the pharmacological actions of shimotsuto is traditionally considered to be exerted by an improvement effect of the blood and the circulatory system. Multiple ingredients (e.g., catalpol and paeoniflorin) contained in shimotsuto have been reported to have pharmacological activities on the blood and circulatory system, and thus been considered to contribute to the pharmacological actions of shimotsuto. However, it remains unclear whether the ingredients can be absorbed into the body following oral administration of shimotsuto. The aim in the present study was to specify shimotsuto ingredient absorbed into the systemic circulation in rats. Seven candidate active ingredients (catalpol, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, ligustilide, senkyunolide A, butylphthalide, and ferulic acid) in plasma after oral administration of shimotsuto were quantified by targeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis. This study also performed nontargeted LC–MS/MS analysis of plasma following administration of constituent crude drugs of shimotsuto to find extensively blood-absorbed ingredients of shimotsuto. Among detected peaks in the nontargeted analysis, two peaks could be identified as bergapten and 8-debenzoylpaeoniflorin, subsequently their concentrations in shimotsuto-treated rat plasma were quantified. These pharmacokinetic studies indicated that catalpol showed the highest plasma concentration following administration of shimotsuto, followed by 8-debenzoylpaeoniflorin. This study suggests that all nine ingredients are absorbed into the blood following oral administration of shimotsuto and possibly contribute to its pharmacological action.

Graphic abstract
EMT simulation and effect of TTI anisotropic media in EMT signal
Authors: Di Qing-Yun , Fayemi Olalekan , Zhen Qi-Hui , Fei Tian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn axisymmetric finite difference method is employed for the simulations of electromagnetic telemetry in the homogeneous and layered underground formation. In this method, we defined the anisotropy property using extensive 2D conductivity tensor and solved it in the transverse magnetic mode. Significant simplification arises in the decoupling of the anisotropic parameter. The developed method is cost-efficient, more straightforward in modeling anisotropic media, and easy to be implemented. In addition, we solved the integral operation in the estimation of measured surface voltage using Gaussian quadrature technique. We performed a series of numerical modeling of EM telemetry signals in both isotropic and anisotropic models. Experiment with 2D tilt transverse isotropic media characterized by the tilt axis and anisotropy parameters shows an increase in the EMT signal with an increase in the angle of tilt of the principal axis for a moderate coefficient of anisotropy. We show that the effect of the tilt of the subsurface medium can be observed with sufficient accuracy and that it is an order of magnitude of 5 over the tilt of 90 degrees. Lastly, consistent results with existing field data were obtained by employing the Gaussian quadrature rule for the computation of surface measured signal.
Multi-objective optimization and experiment of nylon cord rubber in expandable packer
Authors: Zhang Yan-Wen , Wang Han-Xiang , Che Jia-Qi , Du Ming-Chao , Zhang Hong-Jie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNylon cord rubber has the advantages of small residual deformation and is easy to lift and lower the tubing string in low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs. However, it is associated with low-pressure resistance and poor sealing performance. To enhance the performance of nylon cord rubber, a three-dimensional numerical model of the nylon cord rubber was established and its accuracy experimentally determined. The Plackett–Burman test, the Steepest climbing test and the Response surface method were used to acquire the polynomial response surface model connecting structural parameters with bearing and sealing pressure. Using genetic algorithms, optimal structural parameters of nylon cord rubber were determined depending on field operation. The reliability of the optimized results was verified by laboratory tests. It was shown that after optimization, the bearing capacity of the expandable packer increased by 25% while the sealing performance increased by 66%. In addition, the bearing pressure was 70 MPa while the sealing pressure was 50 MPa. These measurements effectively met the on-site requirements of high-pressure and fine fracturing in low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs.
Fachkultur(en) in der Schule
Authors: Poweleit André 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungAusgangspunkt der im Beitrag verwendeten Daten bildet eine längsschnittlich angelegte Evaluationsstudie zur Implementierung eines (innovativen) Lehrplans in Luxemburg. In den Fokus rücken dabei fachkulturelle Wahrnehmungs‑, Denk- und Handlungsmuster von Sportlehrkräften, um zu untersuchen, welche spezifischen Ausprägungen die Umsetzung des im Lehrplankonzept verankerten erziehenden Sportunterrichts eher begünstigen oder hemmen. Die Theorien der Schul- und Fachkulturforschung werden überblicksartig aufgeführt und im Anschluss als Reflexionsfolien herangezogen, um abgebildete fachkulturelle Strukturen zu erklären. In der Fragebogenerhebung des Lehrplanevaluationsprojekts wurden sowohl didaktische Unterrichtsverständnisse („pädagogische Denkmuster“) als auch präferierte Leistungsbewertungskriterien und Unterrichtsarrangements („Unterrichtspraktiken“) von Sportlehrkräften eruiert, die weiterführend typisiert wurden. Über eine Diskriminanzanalyse lassen sich drei Gruppen klassifizieren, die typenspezifische Denk- und Handlungsmuster bzw. hybride schulische Fachkulturen widerspiegeln und eine unterschiedliche Nähe zum Lehrplankonzept aufweisen. Damit ergeben sich Rückschlüsse auf kollektive Denk- und Handlungsstrukturen einer Population, die theoretisch eingeordnet und im Blick auf ihre fachdidaktische Bedeutung diskutiert werden.
The Effect of Acute Physical Exercise on NK-Cell Cytolytic Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rumpf Christopher , Proschinger Sebastian , Schenk Alexander , Bloch Wilhelm , Lampit Amit , Javelle Florian , Zimmer Philipp 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Data on changes in natural killer cell cytolytic activity (NKCA) in response to acute physical exercise are contradictory.

Objective
The aim of this systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression is to (1) examine the effect of acute physical exercise on NKCA, (2) shed more light on the moderating factors, and (3) test the assumption of NKCA suppression subsequent to performing sports.

Methods
Two comparisons of NKCA were performed: (1) pre- versus post-exercise and (2) pre-exercise versus recovery. Data were acquired through a systematic search of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and SportDiscus. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the effect of acute physical exercise was assessed including a passive control group and reporting NKCA prior to and immediately after the trial, and during the first 2 h of recovery. To better explain between-study heterogeneity, a moderator analysis was conducted.

Results
Pooled estimate from 12 studies reporting 18 effect sizes show that NKCA is largely elevated by acute physical exercise (Hedges’ g = 1.02, 95% CI 0.59–1.46, p < 0.01). Meta-regressions reveal that this effect is larger for endurance versus resistance exercise and increases with the intensity of exercise (both p < 0.01), whereas the blood material used in the assay (p = 0.71), and the quantitative change in NK-cell count (R2 = 0%, p = 0.55) do not play a significant role. Physical exercise does not affect the level of NKCA after the recovery period (g = 0.06, 95% CI − 0.37 to 0.50, p < 0.76).

Conclusions
This work provides solid evidence for elevated NKCA through performing sports which returns to baseline during the first 1–2 h of recovery, but not below the pre-exercise values providing counterevidence to the assumption of temporarily reduced NKCA. Remarkably, the functional change in NKCA exists independently from the quantitative change in NK-cell count.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020134257.
Studying the performance of fully encapsulated rock bolts with modified structural elements
Authors: Chen Jianhang , Zhao Hongbao , He Fulian , Zhang Junwen , Tao Kangming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNumerical simulation is a useful tool in investigating the loading performance of rock bolts. The cable structural elements (cableSELs) in FLAC3D are commonly adopted to simulate rock bolts to solve geotechnical issues. In this study, the bonding performance of the interface between the rock bolt and the grout material was simulated with a two-stage shearing coupling model. Furthermore, the FISH language was used to incorporate this two-stage shear coupling model into FLAC3D to modify the current cableSELs. Comparison was performed between numerical and experimental results to confirm that the numerical approach can properly simulate the loading performance of rock bolts. Based on the modified cableSELs, the influence of the bolt diameter on the performance of rock bolts and the shear stress propagation along the interface between the bolt and the grout were studied. The simulation results indicated that the load transfer capacity of rock bolts rose with the rock bolt diameter apparently. With the bolt diameter increasing, the performance of the rock bolting system was likely to change from the ductile behaviour to the brittle behaviour. Moreover, after the rock bolt was loaded, the position where the maximum shear stress occurred was variable. Specifically, with the continuous loading, it shifted from the rock bolt loaded end to the other end.
Nb2C MXene-Functionalized Scaffolds Enables Osteosarcoma Phototherapy and Angiogenesis/Osteogenesis of Bone Defects
Authors: Yin Junhui , Pan Shanshan , Guo Xiang , Gao Youshui , Zhu Daoyu , Yang Qianhao , Gao Junjie , Zhang Changqing , Chen Yu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEarly surgical resection and chemotherapy of bone cancer are commonly used in the treatment of bone tumor, but it is still highly challenging to prevent recurrence and fill the bone defect caused by the resection site. In this work, we report a rational integration of photonic-responsive two-dimensional (2D) ultrathin niobium carbide (Nb2C) MXene nanosheets (NSs) into the 3D-printed bone-mimetic scaffolds (NBGS) for osteosarcoma treatment. The integrated 2D Nb2C-MXene NSs feature specific photonic response in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) biowindow with high tissue-penetrating depth, making it highly efficient in killing bone cancer cells. Importantly, Nb-based species released by the biodegradation of Nb2C MXene can obviously promote the neogenesis and migration of blood vessels in the defect site, which can transport more oxygen, vitamins and energy around the bone defect for the reparative process, and gather more immune cells around the defect site to accelerate the degradation of NBGS. The degradation of NBGS provides sufficient space for the bone remodeling. Besides, calcium and phosphate released during the degradation of the scaffold can promote the mineralization of new bone tissue. The intrinsic multifunctionality of killing bone tumor cell and promoting angiogenesis and bone regeneration makes the engineered Nb2C MXene-integrated composite scaffolds a distinctive implanting biomaterial on the efficient treatment of bone tumor.
TRENT'ANNI DI SCIENZA POLITICA: TEMI E LIBRI
Authors: Pasquino Gianfranco 
Published: January 2021

IntroduzioneQualsiasi bilancio è sempre problematico, soprattutto quando è il bilancio di una disciplina nella quale la ricerca continua e per la quale gli oggetti cambiano anche grazie alla ricerca, alle risultanze, agli interventi che ne derivano. Tuttavia, esistono occasioni nelle quali la necessità di un bilancio si impone. Trent'anni di vita, per una rivista accademica, non sono pochi. Meritano di essere analizzati e collocati nel più ampio territorio della scienza politica. Il primo fascicolo della «Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica» fu pubblicato nell'aprile del 1971. Dal punto di vista della nascita e della professionalizzazione della scienza politica in Italia, la nascita della Risp costituì il logico sviluppo dell'attività di un piccolo gruppo di studiosi che pochi mesi prima sotto la guida di Giovanni Sartori aveva collaborato allaAntologia di Scienza Politicacon sezioni curate nell'ordine da Giuliano Urbani (Metodi, approcci e teorie); Stefano Passigli (Potere ed élites politiche); Giacomo Sani (Cultura politica e comportamento politico); Domenico Fisichella (Partiti politici e gruppi di pressione); Vittorio Mortara (La pubblica amministrazione) e Gianfranco Pasquino (Lo sviluppo politico). Quanto alla Rivista, quel primo fascicolo era deliberatamente e opportunamente dedicato alla politica comparata per segnalare l'importanza di quella prospettiva e del metodo che vi era sotteso. Sulla comparazione conteneva articoli di Sartori,La politica comparata: premesse e problemi, di Arend Lijphart,Il metodo della comparazionee di George J. Graham Jr.,Consenso e opposizione: una tipologia, conteneva anche un articolo di Fisichella,Conseguenze politiche della legge elettorale regionale in Italiae uno di Pasquino,Le crisi di sviluppo nell'esperienza giapponese.In entrambi i casi, quegli articoli erano la prosecuzione di un interesse scientifico che si era già tradotto nella pubblicazione di due volumi, rispettivamente Fisichella (1970, e poi 1982) e Pasquino (1970). Tuttavia, mentre nel caso dei sistemi elettorali stava per aprirsi una intensa, ma tuttora incompiuta, stagione di dibattito e di riforme, che la Rivista ha monitorato standone a opportuna distanza (ad esempio, AA.VV. 1984 e 1987), nel caso dello sviluppo politico, il tema stava giungendo ad esaurimento. A riprova, sulla Rivista, se ne scrisse in seguito relativamente, forse troppo, poco. Peraltro, l'analisi dello sviluppo politico si era incrociata spesso, opportunamente e fruttuosamente con la politica comparata. Proprio per questo «incrocio», mi sembra che qualsiasi ricognizione su quanto è avvenuto, in termini di temi e di libri, in questi trent'anni debba ripartire congiuntamente dagli studi di politica comparata e di sviluppo politico.
INTERESSE PER LA POLITICA, APPARTENENZA DI COALIZIONE E GIUDIZIO SUI
LEADER: GLI EFFETTI DELLA CAMPAGNA ELETTORALE
Authors: Barisione Mauro 
Published: January 2021

Introduzione
Si sa che ogni elezione ha una storia a sé, fatta di un groviglio di
fattori che concorrono a definirne l'esito. Così, i fattori di lungo periodo
legati per esempio alla geografia elettorale o alle appartenenze sociali si
attorcigliano con i fattori congiunturali, quali la strategia comunicativa
di una coalizione o l'immagine di un leader politico. Di elezione in
elezione, uno degli interrogativi più appassionanti che il ricercatore si
possa porre riguarda proprio i rapporti di forza fra i fattori di lungo e di
breve periodo, fra «struttura» e «congiuntura», fra continuità e cambiamento
nella spiegazione del voto.
IL SISTEMA PARTITICO ITALIANO FRA BIPOLARISMO E DESTRUTTURAZIONE
Authors: Pappalardo Adriano 
Published: January 2021

IntroduzioneDal 1994, la transizione italiana ha dato luogo a due interpretazioni. Con varie sfumature, alcuni hanno posto il cambiamento in un contesto di continuità: più o meno come sempre, elettori stabili e ideologizzati sarebbero stati «trainati», dentro e fuori dai principali schieramenti, da partiti precocemente riconsolidati dopo i traumi dei primi anni novanta; a questi partiti, e ai loro eredi, rimangono sostanzialmente affidate le sorti delle coalizioni, incentivate dal sistema elettorale, ma cronicamente fragili perché troppo frammentate e/o eterogenee; dato il fenomeno delle «estreme vincenti», robuste controspinte centrifughe bilanciano la pur riconosciuta tendenza alla convergenza sull'elettorato mediano, rendendo assai problematico il requisito fondamentale dell'equilibrio bipolare; più che sull'asse sinistra/destra, l'equilibrio è minacciato dalla vitalità delcleavagecentro-periferia, così brillantemente mobilitato dalla Lega nel 1996 per formare una credibile alternativa ai maggiori schieramenti; e poiché la probabilità di successo dell'alternativa è massimizzata dal maggioritario, la prognosi è per un sistema cronicamente instabile, piuttosto esposto a ritornare al passato (cioè, a un assetto «tripolare polarizzato»), che a entrare a pieno titolo fra i pluralismi moderati d'Europa.
Sequential fate-switches in stem-like cells drive the tumorigenic trajectory from human neural stem cells to malignant glioma
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Zhou Ran , Xiong Yanzhen , Zhou Lingling , Yan Xiang , Wang Manli , Li Fan , Xie Chuanxing , Zhang Yiming , Huang Zongyao , Ding Chaoqiong , Shi Kaidou , Li Weida , Liu Yu , Cao Zhongwei , Zhang Zhen-Ning , Zhou Shengtao , Chen Chong , Zhang Yan , Chen Lu , Wang Yuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable and highly heterogeneous brain tumor, originating from human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNSCs/hNPCs) years ahead of diagnosis. Despite extensive efforts to characterize hNSCs and end-stage GBM at bulk and single-cell levels, the de novo gliomagenic path from hNSCs is largely unknown due to technical difficulties in early-stage sampling and preclinical modeling. Here, we established two highly penetrant hNSC-derived malignant glioma models, which resemble the histopathology and transcriptional heterogeneity of human GBM. Integrating time-series analyses of whole-exome sequencing, bulk and single-cell RNA-seq, we reconstructed gliomagenic trajectories, and identified a persistent NSC-like population at all stages of tumorigenesis. Through trajectory analyses and lineage tracing, we showed that tumor progression is primarily driven by multi-step transcriptional reprogramming and fate-switches in the NSC-like cells, which sequentially generate malignant heterogeneity and induce tumor phenotype transitions. We further uncovered stage-specific oncogenic cascades, and among the candidate genes we functionally validated C1QL1 as a new glioma-promoting factor. Importantly, the neurogenic-to-gliogenic switch in NSC-like cells marks an early stage characterized by a burst of oncogenic alterations, during which transient AP-1 inhibition is sufficient to inhibit gliomagenesis. Together, our results reveal previously undercharacterized molecular dynamics and fate choices driving de novo gliomagenesis from hNSCs, and provide a blueprint for potential early-stage treatment/diagnosis for GBM.
Differential transcript usage unravels gene expression alterations in Alzheimer’s disease human brains
Authors: Marques-Coelho Diego , Iohan Lukas da Cruz Carvalho , Melo de Farias Ana Raquel , Flaig Amandine ,   The Brainbank Neuro–CEB Neuropathology Network, Letournel Franck , Martin-Négrier Marie-Laure , Chapon Françoise , Faisant Maxime , Godfraind Catherine , Maurage Claude-Alain , Deramecourt Vincent , Duchesne Mathilde , Meyronnet David , Streichenberger Nathalie , de Paula André Mauès , Rigau Valérie , Vandenbos-Burel Fanny , Duyckaerts Charles , Seilhean Danielle , Milin Serge , Chiforeanu Dan Christian , Laquerrière Annie , Marguet Florent , Lannes Béatrice , Lambert Jean-Charles , Costa Marcos Romualdo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in aging individuals. Yet, the pathophysiological processes involved in AD onset and progression are still poorly understood. Among numerous strategies, a comprehensive overview of gene expression alterations in the diseased brain could contribute for a better understanding of the AD pathology. In this work, we probed the differential expression of genes in different brain regions of healthy and AD adult subjects using data from three large transcriptomic studies: Mayo Clinic, Mount Sinai Brain Bank (MSBB), and ROSMAP. Using a combination of differential expression of gene and isoform switch analyses, we provide a detailed landscape of gene expression alterations in the temporal and frontal lobes, harboring brain areas affected at early and late stages of the AD pathology, respectively. Next, we took advantage of an indirect approach to assign the complex gene expression changes revealed in bulk RNAseq to individual cell types/subtypes of the adult brain. This strategy allowed us to identify previously overlooked gene expression changes in the brain of AD patients. Among these alterations, we show isoform switches in the AD causal gene amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) and the risk gene bridging integrator 1 (BIN1), which could have important functional consequences in neuronal cells. Altogether, our work proposes a novel integrative strategy to analyze RNAseq data in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases based on both gene/transcript expression and regional/cell-type specificities.