bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Added value of cerebrospinal fluid multimarker analysis in diagnosis and progression of dementia
Authors: Álvarez Ignacio , Diez‐Fairen Monica , Aguilar Miquel , González Jose Manuel , Ysamat Montse , Tartari Juan Pablo , Carcel Maria , Alonso Alvaro , Brix Britta , Arendt Philipp , Pastor Pau 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purpose: Recently, some emerging cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers have been proposed as diagnostic tools for Alzheimer disease (AD) that can have an effect on disease progression. We analyze the accuracy of these CSF markers for diagnosis of AD in reference to brain amyloid positron emission tomography (PET). We also investigated whether they help in differentiating AD from other dementias and examined their influence in tracing the progression to dementia. Methods: Amyloid‐β (Aβ) 1–42, total tau (t‐tau), phosphorylated tau, Aβ40, Aβ38, beta‐site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE‐1), neurogranin (ng), phosphorylated neurofilament heavy‐chain, and α‐synuclein (α‐syn) CSF levels were analyzed in 319 subjects, among whom 57 also underwent an amyloid PET scan. We also analyzed longitudinal clinical data from 239 subjects. Results: Emerging CSF markers, especially ng/BACE‐1 ratio (area under the curve = 0.77) and their combinations with core AD CSF markers (all AUCs >0.85), showed high accuracy to discriminate amyloid PET positivity. Subjects with AD had higher CSF BACE‐1, ng, and α‐syn levels than those with non‐AD dementia. CSF t‐tau/α‐syn ratio was higher in subjects with dementia with Lewy bodies than in those with frontotemporal dementia. Most emerging/core AD ratios predicted a faster conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage to AD and appeared to be helpful when core AD CSF markers were discordant. In addition, the rate of cognitive decline was associated with all CSF core AD markers, several emerging/core AD two‐marker ratios, and CSF ng levels. Conclusions: These results suggest that emerging biomarkers in conjunction with core AD markers improve diagnosis of AD, are associated with the conversion from MCI into AD, and predict a faster progression of dementia.
Dentition status and 10‐year higher‐level functional capacity trajectories in older adults
Authors: Iwasaki Masanori , Yoshihara Akihiro 
Published: November 2020

AimThe effect of dentition status on higher‐level functional capacity patterns over time remains unclear. We aimed to identify distinct higher‐level functional capacity trajectories in individuals aged 70–80 years, and examine whether dentition status at 70 years predicted the trajectory.MethodsThe study included 551 community‐dwelling adults aged 70 years at baseline. Higher‐level functional capacity was measured using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG‐IC) up to the age of 80 years. A higher TMIG‐IC score indicated a higher level of competence. Group‐based trajectory modeling was used to identify distinct TMIG‐IC trajectories. The number of teeth, use of dentures, sex and education were added as baseline group membership predictors. Dental visits, health behaviors, body mass index and comorbidities during observation were added as time‐varying covariates.ResultsThree TMIG‐IC trajectories were identified: “high/stable” (65.3%), “middle/decline” (24.5%) and “low/decline” (10.2%). A lower number of teeth and non‐denture use were associated with increased odds of a low/decline trajectory relative to a high/stable trajectory (odds ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.14 [per one decrease] and odds ratio 3.96, 95% confidence interval 1.54–10.16, respectively).ConclusionsOlder adults with fewer teeth and those without dentures at the age of 70 years were more likely to follow a trajectory toward functional decline with low baseline TMIG‐IC scores, which further declines by the age of 80 years. These findings suggest that preserving natural teeth later in life, as well as using dentures, could contribute toward maintaining a higher‐level functional competence. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 48–53.
Spatial aspects of pain modulation are not disrupted in adolescents with migraine
Authors: Nahman‐Averbuch Hadas , Thomas Priya L. , Schneider Victor J. , Chamberlin Leigh Ann , Peugh James L. , Hershey Andrew D. , Powers Scott W. , Coghill Robert C. , King Christopher D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare spatial pain modulation capabilities between adolescents with and without migraine.BackgroundConditioned pain modulation (CPM) responses at the leg are similar in adolescents with versus without migraine. However, the anatomical region of testing may affect spatial pain modulation capabilities as differences in nociceptive processing between patients with migraine and healthy controls are found in local areas that are near the site of clinical pain but not in nonlocal areas. This study aimed to examine spatial pain modulation capabilities tested by the CPM paradigm using test stimulus applied to a local body area.MethodsNineteen adolescents with migraine (age 14.9 ± 2.3, mean ± SD; 16 female) and 20 healthy adolescents (age 13.8 ± 2.5, mean ± SD; 16 female) completed this case–control study at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were assessed at the trapezius before and during immersion of the foot in a cold water bath (8°C).ResultsIn the migraine group (146.0 ± 79.1, mean ± SD), compared to healthy controls (248.0 ± 145.5, mean ± SD), significantly lower PPT (kilopascal) values were found (estimate = 124.28, 95% CI: 58.98, 189.59, p < 0.001; effect size: d = 1.40). No differences between the groups were found for pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings of cold‐water immersion nor the CPM response.ConclusionsThis study found altered ascending nociceptive processing of mechanical stimuli at the neck in adolescents with migraine. However, endogenous pain modulatory mechanisms were functional and not altered. In light of other studies, impairments in inhibitory control may not be involved in migraine pathophysiology in pediatric patients regardless of stimulus location.
To stage or not to stage: determining the true clinical significance of the biopsy tract through perinephric fat in assessing renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Valencia‐Guerrero Aida , Oliva Esther , Wu Chin‐Lee , Wu Shulin , Rice‐Stitt Travis , Sadow Peter M , Dahl Douglas M , Feldman Adam S , Arellano Ronald S , Cornejo Kristine M 
Published: November 2020

AimsPerinephric fat invasion (PFI) is a key component of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) staging, but there are limited data pertaining to biopsy tract seeding (BTS) resulting in perirenal tissue involvement [BTS with perinephric fat invasion (BTS‐P)].The aim is to correlate clinical outcomes with pathologic stage to determine whether the presence of BTS‐P should be considered a criterion to stage RCC as part of the pT3a category in the absence of any other upstaging variables.Materials and resultsWe identified 304 renal biopsies from patients with subsequent nephrectomies for RCC; 33 of the tumours contained PFI. Each case was reviewed to determine the presence of BTS‐P and other forms of invasion [e.g. non‐BTS‐P PFI, sinus fat invasion (SFI), and/or renal vein invasion (RVI)], and these findings were compared with survival outcomes. Ten (30%) of 33 tumours with PFI showed BTS‐P as the only finding, and were otherwise pT1 tumours; six (60%) patients were alive without disease (AWOD) (mean, 77.5 months), three were lost to follow‐up (LTF), and one died of other disease (DOOD). Two patients showed true PFI plus BTS‐P; one was LTF and one is AWOD at 107 months. Ten (43%) of 23 patients with tumours with true invasion (PFI ± SFI and/or RVI) are AWOD (mean, 97.7 months), eight (35%) died of disease (DOD), four were LTF, and one DOOD. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the cancer‐specific survival was significantly worse in patients with true invasion (P = 0.044) than in those with BTS‐P as the sole finding.ConclusionPatients with tumours showing BTS‐P only appear to have better outcomes than those with other non‐PFI invasion, suggesting that this finding should not be upstaged to pT3a. Additional studies are needed to corroborate the significance of our observations.
AVAILABILITY OF IRON STORES BUILT UP BY IRON DEXTRIN
Authors: Olsson Sigvard , Lundvall Ove , Weinfeld Aleksander 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIron stores built up by iron dextrin have been studied in a group of iron‐depleted, non‐anemic blood donor volunteers. The chelatability by desferrioxamine (DF) of these iron stores was repeatedly examined during 21 months at different loads of administered iron. The availability for DF chelation was lower as compared to natural iron stores of a comparable size. The availability for Hb formation was studied with vigorous phlebotomy and was found to be reduced. An iron‐deficient state developed when approximately 65% of the administered iron was mobilized. Non‐available iron deposits could be demonstrated in bone marrow smears in all subjects at the end of performed phlebotomies.
CALIBRATED HYPOXEMIA TEST IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND CORONARY PATIENTS
Authors: Broch Ole Jacob 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is a great need for a calibrated test that can be used in coronary patients for diagnostic purposes and for evaluating the effect of drugs. A hypoxemia test with 7½% oxygen in nitrogen on mouthpiece, with continuous registration of the oxygen saturation of the blood, has been evaluated in 13 patients with coronary disease and in 5 normal subjects. The test usually gives a decline of the oxygen saturation of the blood to 70% or less, the level necessary to give a maximal positive response. The dispersion of oxygen saturation is rather great. During hypoxemia of short duration the heart rate and the cardiac output will increase, but will never compensate for the decline of oxygen saturation. The change in acid base equilibrium is very slight. No significant change of BP occurred during hypoxemia. The degree of oxygen saturation will therefore give a good indication of the coronary strain and may provide a reproducible and calibrated test for use in coronary insufficiency.
FURTHER EXPERIENCES WITH KIDNEY PRESERVATION FOR 24 HOURS USING CONTINUOUS HYPOTHERMIC PERFUSION
Authors: Løkkegaard H. , Gyrd‐Hansen N. , Hansen R. Iversen , Hasselager E. , Nerstrøm B. , Rasmussen Folke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPreservation of pig kidneys for 24 hours at 8°C has been studied using continuous perfusion with cryoprecipitated, microfiltered, oxygenated ACD‐plasma. The perfusion pressure was about 65/30 mmHg and the flow from 1 to 2 ml/g kidney weight/min. Five consecutive experiments were performed. All the animals survived and were followed for three months. Measurements inulin, endogenous creatinine, urea and PAH clearances 10, 31 and 94 days after transplantation showed normal values as compared to a control group of autotransplanted, not long‐term preserved pig kidneys. The only permanent functional damage was a reduced maximal tubular excretion of PAH.
HEREDITARY ANGIONEUROTIC OEDEMA IN THREE FAMILIES
Authors: Blohmé G. , Ysander L. , Korsan‐Bengtsen K. , Laurell A.‐B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThree families from the western part of Sweden with hereditary periodic oedema (HANE) are reported. Complement analyses were performed in 11 of 21 members of the families. They all have the biochemical abnormality characterizing this disease, with low values of CI INH. The symptoms of HANE are not the same from patient to patient, nor in the same patient from attack to attack. The frequency of peripheral oedema, abdominal pain and other symptoms were studied. The influence of menstrual period and pregnancy are discussed. Therapeutic trials with methyltestosterone and aminocaproic acid are reported.
LONG‐TERM PROGNOSIS AFTER VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Ruosteenoja R. , Inkovaara J. , Koskinen P. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring the period 1965–1969 a total of 87 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been discharged from hospital alive after recovering from one or more episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF). The average age was 59 years (39–82). Up to the time of follow‐up the group had been observed for 6–62 months. At the follow‐up 47 of the survivors were alive and the average age was significantly lower than that of the non‐survivors. The prognosis was not found to be significantly better in the cases of “primary” as opposed to “complicating” VF. The actual time of the first VF had no significant influence on the survival rate. Normal heart volume upon discharge was found to be a favourable factor in prognosis. After convalescence 16 of the 44 patients in employment prior to the onset of disease returned to work. Other factors influencing return to work are discussed.
NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN HEREDITARY AMYLOIDOSIS WITH POLYNEUROPATHY
Authors: Andersson Rune , Blom Sigfrid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSixteen cases with histologically verified amyloidosis with polyneuropathy have been investigated electro‐myographically (EMG) and motor conduction velocity (MCV) has been recorded. Eleven cases were familial and five sporadic. Clinically the polyneuropathy was pronounced in nine cases, moderate in six, and slight in one case. The EMG changes correlated well with the clinical findings and with the duration of symptoms, and were more marked in the long‐standing cases. The MCV was abnormal, but correlated less well with the clinical pattern. The denervation was most obvious in the distal parts of the lower extremities. EMG of the short toe extensor muscles was found to be an especially useful examination. The findings in familial and sporadic cases were similar. The same examinations were performed on nine members of one afflicted family. Examinations of biopsy specimens of the skin did not reveal amyloid deposits. In two of the nine cases no clinical or neuropnysiological findings of peripheral polyneuropathy were revealed. In seven cases clinical symptoms and/or signs of polyneuropathy were observed. They were, however, discrete. Three of these seven cases showed neurophysiological changes. In four patients no conclusive neurophysiological abnormalities were found.
THE EFFECT OF ADRENERGIC β‐RECEPTOR BLOCKADE ON CORONARY CIRCULATION IN MAN DURING WORK
Authors: Ekström‐Jodal Barbro , Häggendal Egil , Malmberg Rolf , Svedmyr Nils 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effect of an adrenergic β‐receptor blocker (sotalol) on coronary circulation and heart metabolism has been studied in six healthy subjects at rest and during work. Sotalol did not produce any uniform effects at rest. During work sotalol reduced the increase of cardiac output, oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow as well as the lowering of the total peripheral resistance which is produced by muscle activity. Despite the fact that sotalol reduced the work of the heart musculature and its oxygen consumption, oxygen extraction from coronary blood was increased. The pyruvate/lactate quotient in coronary venous blood was decreased during work by sotalol. The mechanism for reduction of metabolic vasodilatation by sotalol is discussed. It seems probable that after β‐receptor blockade the contracting effect of adrenergic α‐receptor stimulation gains an increased significance.
SPECIFIC DETERMINATIONS OF PROTHROMBIN FOR EVALUATION OF LIVER FUNCTION
Authors: Norén Ingrid , Blombäck Margareta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProthrombin has been determined specifically with a two‐stage assay, based on intrinsic activation of prothrombin, and the values compared with other methods for determination of prothrombin and related factors. It was found that prothrombin values in healthy subjects were not influenced by age or sex. Prothrombin and Normotest values in acutely intoxicated alcoholics, without liver cirrhosis or hepatitis, did not show significant differences from those of normal controls. Prothrombin values in patients with cirrhosis and hepatitis were correlated to Normotest and prothrombin‐proconvertin values. In patients with cirrhosis prothrombin values were correlated to serum albumin concentration, in patients with hepatitis to glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) values, and thus appeared to indicate the degree of liver damage. Prothrombin values obtained with the present two‐stage method are not significantly influenced by anti‐thrombin levels.
DIURNAL VARIATIONS IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF BLOOD ACETOACETATE, 3‐HYDROXYBUTYRATE AND GLUCOSE IN NORMAL PERSONS
Authors: Wildenhoff K. E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe blood concentration of acetoacetate (AA), 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3‐HB) and glucose has been determined over a 24‐hour period in 16 normal subjects, 22–39 years old. The mean fasting concentration of AA was 29 ± 10 μmol/l (S.D.). The mean fasting concentration of 3‐HB was 38 ± 31 μmol/l (S.D.). During the evening there was a characteristic rise in the concentration of AA and 3‐HB to a peak at midnight, where mean concentration were 4 times greater than mean fasting concentration. In most of the subjects a ketone body peak was also found at 5 p.m. and in seven also at noon. In connection with the rise in blood glucose following lunch and dinner an inverse relationship was seen between the concentrations of blood ketone bodies and blood glucose. There was a considerable positive correlation between blood AA and blood 3‐HB.
HYPOTENSIVE EFFECT OF METHYLDOPA IN RENAL FAILURE ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: Stenbæk Ø. , Myhre E. , Brodwall E. K. , Hansen T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIncreased sensitivity to the hypotensive action of methyldopa is often seen in patients with renal failure. It is generally accepted that the increased sensitivity is due to drug accumulation in renal failure, though there are very few studies on this topic. The hypotensive effect and the serum concentration of unconjugated methyldopa have been determined in 6 patients with advanced renal failure and 7 patients with essential hypertension and normal or slightly reduced renal function. Following i.v. injection of 200 mg methyldopa the maximal decrease of the supine mean BP was on an average 21.5% in patients with renal failure and 11.5% in patients with essential hypertension without renal insufficiency. The maximal response was somewhat delayed in renal failure. The supine, standing and post‐exercise BP was recorded during shorty‐term oral treatment in the two groups of patients. The average reduction of the mean BP in patients with renal failure was 11, 16 and 20%, respectively. In patients with essential hypertension the figures were 16, 26 and 25%, respectively. The slightly higher hypotensive effect in the patients with normal renal function, however, was achieved after an average serum concentration of unconjugated methyldopa amounting to more than 4 times that found in the patients with renal failure. The study demonstrated an augmented sensitivity to the hypotensive effect of methyldopa in renal failure. The high sensitivity to the hypotensive action of the drug was not due to increased serum concentration of unconjugated methyldopa.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES DURING SELECTIVE CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Grendahl Helge , Eie Harald , Nordvik Arne , Müller Carsten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring selective coronary angiography ECG was recorded in leads 1 and II in 95 consecutive patients with the purpose of studying the ECG changes invoked by the injection of 7 ml Urografin 60% (Schering). Marked but transient changes were seen, probably caused by the physico‐chemical properties of the contrast medium. The selective injection of the same volume of Ringer solution did not evoke any ECG changes. When a blood volume in the coronary circulation is replaced by contrast medium or Ringer solution, transient coronary hypoxia will result. This hypoxia, therefore, is not the cause of the ECG changes observed in coronary angiography. Selective coronary angiography appears to impair depolarization as well as repolarization, the latter being the most affected function. Absence of ECG response during coronary injections indicates severe coronary artery disease or the presence of a single coronary artery. Right coronary injection is followed by an increase in PQ interval; arrhythmias seldom occur but are more likely to appear during right than during left coronary injections. The changes observed in this series are increased QRS and QT duration, a shift in QRS axis in the frontal plane, which is clockwise during right and counter‐clockwise during left coronary injections. The QRS vector is doubled. The T axis rotates in the frontal plane towards + 120° during left and towards – 75° during right coronary injection. When the T axis has this direction before angiography, no shift in axis is seen during injection of contrast medium.
TUBULAR REABSORPTION OF PHOSPHATE AND CALCIUM IN PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Andersen P. , Mosekilde L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhosphate clearance (Clph) and the renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate and calcium (TRP and TRCa) have been determined in 90 patients, 31 with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP), 9 with non‐parathyroid hypercalcemia, 24 with nephrolithiasis and 26 with other diseases in order to determine the value of these parameters in diagnosing PHP. A high Clph (≥ 15 ml/min) was seen more commonly in patients with PHP than among patients in the other groups. Measurement of this parameter, however, was not found to be of any definite value in diagnosing PHP. Renal TRP < 80% was found in 35.5% of patients with PHP, in 33.3% of patients with non‐parathyroid hypercalcemia, in 0% of patients with nephrolithiasis and in 11.5% of patients with other diseases. The TRP, however, was found to vary with creatinine clearance (Cler) and thus the TRP could be used as a diagnostic parameter of PHP in patients with normal Cler (≥ 70 ml/min). The renal TRCa was found to be of aid in diagnosing PHP in patients with greatly increased serum calcium values. Thus a complete differentiation was found between patients with PHP and patients with non‐parathyroid hypercalcemia when the TRCa was compared with the serum calcium concentration.
Dealing with RV‐oversensing; separate sensitivity settings for brady and tachy sensing
Authors: Bhagirath Pranav , Beunder Kyle , van Halm Vokko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn 81‐year‐old male with a history of systolic heart failure due to an underlying ischemic cardiomyopathy with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 13% and QRS duration of 130 ms had undergone an uncomplicated cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator implantation (Quadra Assura MP, St. Jude Medical, LV lead (SJM Quartet 1458Q‐86), RA lead (Biotronik Safio S53) and RV shocklead (Biotronik Linox Smart S65 ProMRI) in 2015.