bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Traumatic Subdural Hemorrhage and Risk of Arterial Ischemic Events
Authors: Murthy Santosh B. , Wu Xian , Diaz Ivan , Parasram Melvin , Parikh Neal S. , Iadecola Costantino , Merkler Alexander E. , Falcone Guido J. , Brown Stacy , Biffi Alessandro , Ch’ang Judy , Knopman Jared , Stieg Philip E. , Navi Babak B. , Sheth Kevin N. , Kamel Hooman 
Published: April 2020

Background and Purpose—
The risk of arterial ischemic events after subdural hemorrhage (SDH) is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction among patients with and without nontraumatic SDH.

Methods—

We performed a retrospective cohort study using claims data from 2008 through 2014 from a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries. The exposure was nontraumatic SDH. Our primary outcome was an arterial ischemic event, a composite of acute ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarction. Secondary outcomes were ischemic stroke alone and myocardial infarction alone. We used validated
International Classification of Diseases
,
Ninth Revision
,
Clinical Modification
diagnosis codes to identify our predictor and outcomes. Using Cox regression and corresponding survival probabilities, adjusted for demographics and vascular comorbidities, we computed the hazard ratio in 4-week intervals after SDH discharge. We performed secondary analyses stratified by strong indications for antithrombotic therapy (composite of atrial fibrillation, peripheral vascular disease, valvular heart disease, and venous thromboembolism).

Results—
Among 1.7 million Medicare beneficiaries, 2939 were diagnosed with SDH. In the 4 weeks after SDH, patients’ risk of an arterial ischemic event was substantially increased (hazard ratio, 3.6 [95% CI, 1.9–5.5]). There was no association between SDH diagnosis and arterial ischemic events beyond 4 weeks. In secondary analysis, during the 4 weeks after SDH, patients’ risk of ischemic stroke was increased (hazard ratio, 4.2 [95% CI, 2.1–7.3]) but their risk of myocardial infarction was not (hazard ratio, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.2–1.7]). Patients with strong indications for antithrombotic therapy had increased risks for arterial ischemic events similar to patients in the primary analysis, but those without such indications did not demonstrate an increased risk for arterial ischemic events.

Conclusions—
Among Medicare beneficiaries, we found a heightened risk of arterial ischemic events driven by an increased risk of ischemic stroke, in the 4 weeks after nontraumatic SDH. This increased risk may be due to interruption of antithrombotic therapy after SDH diagnosis.
Confirmation for and Predictability of Distinct U.S. Impacts of El Niño Flavors
Authors: Zhang Tao , Hoerling Martin P. , Hoell Andrew , Perlwitz Judith , Eischeid Jon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhether distinct wintertime U.S. climate conditions exist for central-Pacific (CP) versus eastern-Pacific (EP) El Niño events is explored using atmospheric and coupled ocean–atmospheric models. Results using the former agree with most prior studies indicating different U.S. temperature and precipitation patterns associated with El Niño flavors. Causes are traced to equatorial rainfall sensitivity to both magnitudes and spatial patterns of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) distinguishing CP and EP cases. Warmer east equatorial Pacific Ocean SSTs during EP than CP events, specifically for strong EP cases, are responsible for greater east equatorial Pacific rainfall, which displaces tropospheric circulation anomalies eastward over the Pacific–North American region. Weak-amplitude EP cases and all CP events since 1980 fail to excite east equatorial Pacific rainfall, thus not initiating the dynamical chain of effects characterizing strong EP cases. Over the contiguous United States, the difference in tropospheric circulations between strong EP and CP events describes a cyclonic pattern that renders the former colder and wetter. Regional signals include notably colder western and warmer eastern U.S. surface temperatures during EP versus CP events, and higher southwestern and southeastern U.S. precipitation during EP events. We demonstrate the important result—new to studies of observed El Niño flavor impacts—that coupled models largely reproduce the sensitivities of atmospheric models. Confirmed hereby is the realism of prior estimates of El Niño flavor impacts that relied on atmospheric models alone. We further examine predictability of El Niño flavors using coupled forecasts, demonstrating that SST distinctions between CP and EP events and their diverse U.S. wintertime impacts are predictable at least a season in advance.
Correlation between preoperative CT imaging parameters and clinical outcome of lumbar spinal stenosis treated with endoscopic transforaminal decompression
Authors: Li Lijun , Hai Yong , Yang Jincai , Xu Cheng , Yuan Jie , Sun Jiuqiang , Wang Qinghua , Yang Xiaowen 
Published: April 2020

Objective To evaluate clinical effects, and their correlations with preoperative computed tomography imaging parameters, in cases of lumbar spinal stenosis treated by endoscopic transforaminal decompression. Methods This retrospective study included orthopaedic patients who had undergone percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) for lumbar spinal stenosis. Clinical symptoms were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and claudication distance. Overall clinical efficacy was evaluated by Macnab score. Results A total of 87 patients were included. Postoperative wound healing was good without complications. Macnab scores following PELD were ‘excellent’ in 41 cases (47.12%), ‘good’ in 30 cases (34.48%), ‘generally good’ in seven cases (8.04%), and ‘poor’ in nine cases (10.34%). The overall rate of optimal surgery was 81.60%. Postoperative pain (VAS) and ODI scores, and claudication distance, were significantly improved versus preoperative values. The soft tissue invasion ratio of the vertebral canal and invasion ratio of the nerve root canal were correlated with clinical efficacy. Conclusion Positive correlations were observed between clinical efficacy of endoscopic transforaminal decompression and preoperative vertebral canal soft tissue invasion ratio and nerve root canal invasion ratio in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.
When it’s harder to ignorar than to ignore: Evidence of greater attentional capture from a non-dominant language
Authors: Hayakawa Sayuri , Shook Anthony , Marian Viorica 
Published: April 2020

Aims and Objectives: Imagine you’re driving and you become so distracted by the radio that you miss your turn. Which is more likely to have caught your attention, a broadcast in your native tongue or one in your second language? The present study explores the effect of language proficiency on our ability to inhibit irrelevant phonological information. Methodology: Participants were asked to identify which of two drawings changed color while ignoring irrelevant words in either their native language, English, or a less proficient language, Spanish. The drawings appeared on screen for either 200 or 2000 ms prior to word-onset, which was followed 200 ms later by a color-change. On critical trials, the irrelevant word shared phonological features with the label of the non-target drawing. Trials were blocked by preview time and language. Data and Analysis: Reaction time data from 19 bilinguals were analyzed utilizing generalized linear mixed-effects models, with fixed effects of Competition (competitor vs. control), and Language (English vs. Spanish) and random effects for Subject and Item within each preview window. Findings/Conclusions: No interference was observed when participants heard their native tongue in either preview condition. However, participants in the long-preview condition were significantly slower to respond when there was phonological competition in their less proficient language, despite the fact that the task required no language processing. Originality: Past work has indicated that languages are processed more automatically and cause greater interference as proficiency increases. We propose that though higher-proficiency languages may receive greater activation overall, lower-proficiency languages may be more likely to exogenously capture attention due to both relatively greater salience, and relatively less control. Significance: The present findings have implications for how we understand the dynamic relationship between language proficiency, activation, and inhibition, suggesting that the salience of the less familiar influences our ability to ignore irrelevant information.
Experiences of mentoring ST4-ST5s amongst a group of orthodontic trainers at Bristol Dental School and Hospital
Authors: Parvizi Farnaz , Ireland Anthony J , Fowler Ellayne 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To explore the experiences of mentoring higher-grade trainees amongst senior orthodontic trainers at Bristol Dental School. Design: Qualitative study using interpretive methodology. Setting: University of Bristol Dental School. Participants: Six consultant orthodontists, five of whom also have district general hospital experience. Methods: One-to-one semi-structured interviews were undertaken on a purposeful sample of orthodontic trainers. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and Thematic Analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Four main themes emerged from the data were. They were: How to Mentor; Mentor–Mentee Pairings; Resources and Success; and Pitfalls of Mentoring. Conclusion: The present study revealed that senior trainers have a good understanding of the qualities of a mentor and appreciate the roles which mentors need to perform. They are altruistic in their motives, but would benefit from more time, organisational support and training to help them perform their duties better.
A-kinase interacting protein 1, a potential biomarker associated with advanced tumor features and CXCL1/2 in prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Danlan , Luo Yuanfang , Guo Yonglian , Li Guohao , Li Fan 
Published: April 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation of A-kinase interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) with chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) and CXCL2, as well as their associations with clinical characteristics and prognosis in prostate cancer patients. Methods: A total of 248 eligible prostate cancer patients who underwent surgery were consecutively recruited, and tumor tissues were collected during the surgery. AKIP1, CXCL1, and CXCL2 expression in tumor tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Disease-free survival and overall survival were recorded, and the median follow-up time was 27 months. Results: The proportion of patients with AKIP1, CXCL1, and CXCL2 high expression was 56.5%, 63.7%, and 56.9%, respectively. Additionally, AKIP1 expression positively correlated with CXCL1 expression ( P<0.001) and CXCL2 expression ( P<0.001), and CXCL1 expression was positively associated with CXCL2 expression ( P<0.001). Furthermore, AKIP1 expression positively correlated with pathological T stage ( P<0.001) and pathological N stage ( P=0.003). CXCL1 expression was positively associated with pathological T stage ( P<0.001) and pathological N stage ( P<0.001) as well. However, the CXCL2 expression only positively correlated with pathological T stage ( P=0.002). Also, AKIP1 high expression correlated with worse disease-free survival ( P=0.049) and OS ( P=0.013), and CXCL1 high expression was associated with unfavorable disease-free survival ( P=0.023) but not overall survival ( P=0.052). CXCL2 expression was not correlated with disease-free survival ( P=0.083) or overall survival ( P=0.065). Multivariate Cox’s regression disclosed that AKIP1 high expression independently predicted worse overall survival ( P=0.009). Conclusion: AKIP1 positively associates with CXCL1/2 and is a potential biomarker for disease monitoring as well as prognosis in prostate cancer.
The numbers of peripheral regulatory T cells are reduced in patients with psoriatic arthritis and are restored by low-dose interleukin-2
Authors: Wang Jia , Zhang Sheng-Xiao , Hao Yu-Fei , Qiu Meng-Ting , Luo Jing , Li Yu-Yao , Gao Chong , Li Xiao-Feng 
Published: April 2020

Background: Although regulatory T cells (Tregs) play crucial roles in the maintenance of immune hemostasis, the numbers of peripheral Tregs in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) remain unclear. We measured these numbers and the efficacy and safety of low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy. Methods: We recruited 95 PsA patients, of whom 22 received subcutaneous low-dose IL-2 [0.5 million international units (MIU) per day for 5 days] combined with conventional therapies. The absolute numbers of cells in peripheral CD4+ T cell subsets were measured via modified flow cytometry. Clinical and laboratory indicators were compared before and after treatment. Results: PsA patients had lower peripheral Treg numbers than healthy controls ( p < 0.01), correlating significantly and negatively with the levels of disease indicators ( p < 0.05). Although low-dose IL-2 significantly increased the Th17 and Treg numbers in PsA patients compared with the baseline values, the Treg numbers rose much more rapidly than those of Th17 cells, re-balancing the Th17 and Treg proportions. Low-dose IL-2 combination therapy rapidly reduced PsA disease activities as indicated by the DAS28 instrument, thus the number of tender joints, visual analog scale pain, physician global assessment, the dermatology life quality index score, and the health assessment questionnaire score (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: PsA patients exhibited low Treg numbers. Low-dose IL-2 combination treatment increased these numbers and relieved disease activity without any apparent side effects. Additional studies are required to explore the long-term immunoregulatory utility of IL-2 treatment.
Making and Managing Change in Legal Education: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow
Authors: Grimes Richard 
Published: April 2020

This article looks at how we design and deliver legal education, why we do so in the ways that we do and whether there may be more effective ways of doing so. So far as the latter is concerned a range of models are set out that provide a template for more interactive and inclusive ways of learning and teaching. The emphasis throughout this contribution is on the need for a theoretical framework based on educational ‘best practice’ and the importance of locating what we do and how we do it in the context of the contemporary law school. The article argues that careful consideration must be given to not only the need for and significance of change but also the logistical and other concerns in implementing and delivering this, including the coverage of the curriculum and the assessment of student work. The conclusions reached suggest that a reasoned and structured road map addressing, critically but constructively, the need for further developing our understanding and practice of pedagogy for lawyers may help to produce a legal education system, nationally and internationally, that is better fit for present and future times.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Corticosteroids for Plantar Fasciitis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hurley Eoghan T. , Shimozono Yoshiharu , Hannon Charles P. , Smyth Niall A. , Murawski Christopher D. , Kennedy John G. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of plantar heel pain. Several recent randomized control trials (RCTs) have been published comparing the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and corticosteroids (CSs) for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Purpose: To perform a systematic review of RCTs to compare whether PRP or CS injections result in decreased pain levels and improved patient outcomes in the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were screened according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to identify RCTs comparing PRP and CS injections for plantar fasciitis. The visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores were compared between groups at 1, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 months, where possible. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan, and P < .05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: A total of 9 RCTs were identified comparing 239 patients with PRP with 240 patients with CS injections. At the follow-up time points, including 1-1.5, 3, 6, and 12 months, there were statistically significant differences in VAS scores in favor of PRP ( P = .004, P < .00001, P < .00001, and P < .00001, respectively). At 1 and 3 months, there was no difference in AOFAS scores ( P = .76 and P = .35, respectively). However, at 6 and 12 months, there was a difference in AOFAS scores in favor of PRP ( P < .00001 and P < .00001, respectively). Conclusion: In patients with chronic plantar fasciitis, the current clinical evidence suggests that PRP may lead to a greater improvement in pain and functional outcome over CS injections.
In situremediation of arsenic-rich mine tailings using slag zero valence iron
Authors: Yue Tingting , Chen Shu , Liu Jing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractArsenopyrite (FeAsS) and realgar (As4S4) are two common arsenic minerals that often cause serious environmental issues. Centralised treatment of arsenic-containing tailings can reduce land occupation and save management costs. The current work examined the remediation schemes of tailings from Hunan Province, China, where by different tailings containing arsenopyrite and realgar were blended with exogenous slag zero valence iron (ZVI). Introducing Fe-oxidising bacteria (Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans) recreates a biologically oxidative environment. All bioleaching experiments were done over three stages, each for 7 days and the solid phase of all tests was characterised by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and selective extraction analyses. The results showed that the mixture group reduced arsenic release by 72.9–74.7% compared with the control group. The addition of 0.2 g ZVI clearly decreased arsenic release, and the addition of 4.0 g ZVI led to the lowest arsenic release among all tests. The decrease of arsenic released from the tailings was due to the adsorption and uptake of arsenic by secondary iron-containing minerals and Fe–As(V) secondary mineralisation. The addition of large amounts of ZVI reduced the arsenic detected in the amorphous Fe precipitates. Therefore, a low cost and integrated strategy to reduce arsenic release from tailings is to mix two typical tailings and apply exogenous slag ZVI, which can apply to thein situremediation of two kinds or more arsenic-containing tailings.
Hagstromite, Pb8Cu2+(Te6+O6)2(CO3)Cl4, a new lead–tellurium oxysalt mineral from Otto Mountain, California, USA
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Housley Robert M. , Mills Stuart J. , Rossman George R. , Marty Joe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHagstromite, Pb8Cu2+(Te6+O6)2(CO3)Cl4, (IMA2019-093) is a new tellurate mineral from Otto Mountain near Baker, California, USA. It occurs on quartz in association with cerussite, fuettererite and thorneite. It is a secondary oxidation zone mineral and is presumed to have formed by oxidation of earlier formed tellurides, chalcopyrite and galena. Hagstromite occurs as light yellow–green blades, up to ~100 μm long. Crystals are transparent with adamantine to silky lustre. The mineral is brittle with two cleavages providing splintery fracture; the Mohs hardness is probably between 2 and 3. The calculated density is 7.062 g cm–3. Hagstromite is optically biaxial (+), with calculated indices of refraction for α = 2.045, β = 2.066 and γ = 2.102; 2Vmeas = 76(1)°; and optical orientation X = b, Y = a and Z = c. The Raman spectrum of hagstromite exhibits similarities with those of agaite and thorneite and confirms the presence of CO32–. The electron microprobe analyses provided the empirical formula Pb8.07Cu2+0.98Te6+1.96C1.17Cl3.83O15.34. Hagstromite is orthorhombic, space group Ibam, with a = 23.688(17), b = 9.026(8), c = 10.461(8) Å, V = 2237(3) Å3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure of hagstromite (R1 = 0.0659 for 284 I > 2σI reflections) contains a novel Cu2+Te6+2O12 chain assembled of corner-sharing Cu2+O4 squares and Te6+O6 octahedra. The O atoms in the chains form bonds with Pb2+ cations, which in turn bond to Cl– and CO32– anions, thereby creating a framework structure.
Hydrops fetalis and neonatal abdominal compartment syndrome continuum from immature gastric teratoma: a case report
Authors: Caballes Alvin B. , Dungca Leona Bettina P. , Uy Maria Esterlita V. , Torralba Maria Geraldine C. , Embuscado Cristina Marie G. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Hydrops fetalis as well as abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are conditions that are associated with high mortality rates. A rare case of immature gastric teratoma causing fetal hydrops and subsequent ACS is presented. The related pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed, and the importance of timely recognition and appropriate interventions are highlighted.

Case presentation
The male patient was born preterm, weighing 3.9 kg., by Cesarean section. Prior prenatal ultrasounds were normal, but a scan done just before delivery had findings indicating polyhydramnios, fetal ascites, and meconium peritonitis. Upon delivery, the patient had respiratory distress, anasarca and a massively distended abdomen. Resuscitation measures, including ventilatory support, were instituted. Imaging studies showed ascites as well as a large, complex intra-abdominal lesion with calcifications. In the succeeding hours, anuria persisted, anasarca worsened, the abdomen became more distended, and inotrope requirements increased. The occurrence of ACS, from what was presumed to be a retroperitoneal teratoma, was therefore considered. Laparotomy was done on the 28th hour of life, with en bloc excision of a massive tumor and attached section of the greater curvature of the stomach. Passage of urine occurred intra-operatively, and the patient was soon after weaned off inotropes and ventilator support. The histopathologic result was immature gastric teratoma. No chemotherapy was given, and the patient’s serum AFP is at normal levels 15 months following surgery.

Conclusion
The presence of a massive intra-abdominal lesion can result in the pathophysiologic continuum of hydrops fetalis and neonatal ACS. The early recognition of such an association can enable appropriate expectant management of similarly affected neonates, including emergent decompression laparotomy.