bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric evaluation of the alveolar bone around central incisors during surgical orthodontic treatment of high‐angle skeletal class III malocclusion
Authors: Ma Huimin , Li Weiran , Xu Li , Hou Jianxia , Wang Xiaoxia , Ding Shuai , Lv Hangmiao , Li Xiaotong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate morphometric characteristics of alveolar bone around the incisors of high‐angle skeletal class III patients receiving surgical orthodontic treatment.Setting and Sample PopulationThirty high‐angle skeletal class III patients (mean age, 20.94 ± 3.25 years) underwent cone‐beam computed tomography before treatment (T0), after pre‐surgical orthodontic treatment (T1) and after treatment (T2).Materials and MethodsThe vertical bone level (VBL), alveolar bone thickness (ABT), alveolar bone area (ABA) and position of upper and lower central incisors (UCIs and LCIs) were evaluated. The ABT included five levels (4, 6, 8 mm from the cemento‐enamel junction, midroot and root apex level). One‐way repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple‐comparison test and matched t test was performed to compare variables.ResultsBefore treatment, the average labial ABT was approximately 1 mm in UCIs and 0.38 ~ 0.79 mm in LCIs, and the VBL of the LCIs was over 2 mm. After treatment, the VBL increased by 2.19 ± 1.96 mm (P < .001) on the lingual side of UCIs and 2.78 ± 2.29 mm and 3.09 ± 2.52 mm on the labial and lingual sides of LCIs, respectively (all P < .001). ABT at every level decreased significantly, decreasing by 1.66 ± 1.93 mm at the 8 mm level of UCIs and 1.06 ± 1.01 mm at the apex of LCIs (P < .001). The lingual ABA of UCIs and LCIs decreased by over 50% (P < .001).ConclusionsIn high‐angle skeletal class III patients, the condition of alveolar bone around UCIs and LCIs was extremely poor before treatment. Further alveolar bone resorption occurred during surgical orthodontic treatment. More attention should be paid to the movement of anterior teeth in cases of severe alveolar bone loss.
Associations between osteoporosis and risk of periodontitis: A pooled analysis of observational studies
Authors: Xu Shuai , Zhang Gang , Guo Jun‐feng , Tan Ying‐hui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis and osteoporosis are most popular among aging population and both conditions might be linked, even though, this suggestion still until now debated.ObjectivesA meta‐analysis on previous investigations has been used to evaluate the correlation between periodontitis and osteoporosis to determine whether osteoporosis is a local indicator of bone loss, or whether it is depending on or related to periodontitis causes.MethodsThe literature database, including but not excluding, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Science Citation Index Expanded, was searched in this work during Feb, 2020. We conducted the investigations contain cohort studies, cross‐sectional studies, as well as case–control studies with relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup and Sensitivity analysis were also applied to identify heterogeneity sources.Results23 observational studies with 12 cohorts, 7 cross‐sectional and 4 case–control studies, were included, together with 2,157,037 participants. Osteoporosis patients were more exposed to periodontitis (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.50–2.54). Subgroup analyses showed that the higher risk of osteoporosis in periodontitis patients exists in both cross‐sectional studies (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.80–2.61) and case–control studies (OR 2.63; 95% CI, 1.69–4.09), and marginally in cohort studies (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.16–2.49).ConclusionReview analyses have shown that osteoporosis is closely related to the increased risk of periodontitis in the future. Dental specialists better to understand the potential association between periodontitis and osteoporosis.
DNA Damage Induced by Late Spring Sunlight in Antarctica
Authors: Fuentes‐León Fabiana , Peres de Oliveira Andressa , Quintero‐Ruiz Nathalia , Munford Veridiana , Satoru Kajitani Gustavo , Coimbra Brum Antônio , Schuch André Passaglia , Colepicolo Pio , Sánchez‐Lamar Angel , Menck Carlos Frederico Martins 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSunlight ultraviolet (UV) radiation constitutes an important environmental genotoxic agent that organisms are exposed to, as it can damage DNA directly, generating pyrimidine dimers, and indirectly, generating oxidized bases and single‐strand breaks (SSBs). These lesions can lead to mutations, triggering skin and eye disorders, including carcinogenesis and photoaging. Stratospheric ozone layer depletion, particularly in the Antarctic continent, predicts an uncertain scenario of UV incidence on the Earth in the next decades. This research evaluates the DNA damage caused by environmental exposure to late spring sunlight in the Antarctic Peninsula, where the ozone layer hole is more pronounced. These experiments were performed at the Brazilian Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station, at King’s George Island, South Shetlands Islands. For comparison, tropical regions were also analyzed. Samples of plasmid DNA were exposed to sunlight. Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), oxidized base damage and SSBs were detected using specific enzymes. In addition, an immunological approach was used to detect CPDs. The results reveal high levels of DNA damage induced by exposure under the Antarctic sunlight, inversely correlated with ozone layer thickness, confirming the high impact of ozone layer depletion on the DNA damaging action of sunlight in Antarctica.
Individual Disaster Assistance For Socially Vulnerable People: Lessons Learned From the Pohang Earthquake in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Jeong Seunghoo , Kim Byeong Je , Lee Young‐Joo , Chung Ji‐Bum , Sim Sung‐Han 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Republic of Korea has been considered to be relatively safe from earthquake hazards because of the geological location of the Korean Peninsula, which has a low level of intraplate seismic activity. However, an earthquake with a moment magnitude of 5.4 struck the city of Pohang on November 15, 2017, causing 90 casualties and 52 million USD in property losses. During the recovery process after the earthquake, the Korean government provided individual disaster assistance to victims who reported their damages. However, the government disaster assistance could have been unfairly distributed among the socially vulnerable victims who essentially relied on that assistance. This study identifies whether the government disaster assistance was fairly distributed to socially vulnerable victims using a statistical model based on the data from the Pohang earthquake that occurred in 2017 in Korea. A conceptual model was constructed using a structural equation model (SEM) of three factors—social vulnerability, physical vulnerability, and the amount paid out in individual disaster assistance. Furthermore, interviews with and a survey of the victims were conducted to verify the problems identified by the conceptual model. This study found that socially vulnerable victims were less likely to take advantage of the government disaster assistance program.
Latent profile analysis of physical activity and sedentary behavior with mortality risk: A 15‐year follow‐up
Authors: von Rosen Philip , Dohrn Ing‐Mari , Hagströmer Maria 
Published: July 2020

By exploring multiple characteristics of physical activity and sedentary behavior (SB), different physical activity profiles could be obtained, which may be beneficial for health and targeted physical activity interventions. The aim of this study was to identify distinct physical activity profiles based on accelerometer‐derived activity characteristics and to determine whether these profiles are associated with all‐cause mortality. Eight hundred fifty‐one participants (56% women, mean age: 53 years) provided objectively assessed physical activity data using an ActiGraph accelerometer and were followed for 15 years. Physical activity profiles were determined using latent profile analyses of 14 derived activity variables, resulting in that three profiles were identified: “Low Active” (n = 147), “Average Active” (n = 397), and “High Active” (n = 307). “Low Active” was characterized by participants with low absolute, relative, and limited variation of time spent in physical activity, and high time spent in SB. “Average Active” had the most balanced movement behavior with values close to the mean for all activity variables. “High Active” was characterized by participants with high absolute, relative, and great variation of time spent in physical activity. Overall, a potentially non‐linear pattern between multiple activity variables and all‐cause mortality was found as “Low Active” was significantly (P < .05) positively associated with all‐cause mortality, and no difference in mortality risk was found between “High Active” and “Average Active.” Our data suggest that day‐to‐day variation in SB is not associated with all‐cause mortality. The important message is to keep the overall time spent in SB low and replace this behavior with physical activity.
CrebA increases secretory capacity through direct transcriptional regulation of the secretory machinery, a subset of secretory cargo, and other key regulators
Authors: Johnson Dorothy M. , Wells Michael B. , Fox Rebecca , Lee Joslynn S. , Loganathan Rajprasad , Levings Daniel , Bastien Abigail , Slattery Matthew , Andrew Deborah J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSpecialization of many cells, including the acinar cells of the salivary glands and pancreas, milk‐producing cells of mammary glands, mucus‐secreting goblet cells, antibody‐producing plasma cells, and cells that generate the dense extracellular matrices of bone and cartilage, requires scaling up both secretory machinery and cell‐type specific secretory cargo. Using tissue‐specific genome‐scale analyses, we determine how increases in secretory capacity are coordinated with increases in secretory load in the Drosophila salivary gland (SG), an ideal model for gaining mechanistic insight into the functional specialization of secretory organs. Our findings show that CrebA, a bZIP transcription factor, directly binds genes encoding the core secretory machinery, including protein components of the signal recognition particle and receptor, ER cargo translocators, Cop I and Cop II vesicles, as well as the structural proteins and enzymes of these organelles. CrebA directly binds a subset of SG cargo genes and CrebA binds and boosts expression of Sage, a SG‐specific transcription factor essential for cargo expression. To further enhance secretory output, CrebA binds and activates Xbp1 and Tudor‐SN. Thus, CrebA directly upregulates the machinery of secretion and additional factors to increase overall secretory capacity in professional secretory cells; concomitant increases in cargo are achieved both directly and indirectly.
A functionally neutral single chain antibody to measure beta‐1 integrin uptake and recycling
Authors: Lakoduk Ashley M. , Kadlecova Zuzana , Schmid Sandra L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntegrin‐mediated cell adhesion and signaling are critical for many physiological processes. The dynamic turnover of integrins and their associated adhesion complexes through endocytic and recycling pathways has emerged as an important mechanism for controlling cell migration and invasion in cancer. Thus, the regulation of integrin trafficking and how this may be altered by disease‐specific molecular mechanisms has generated considerable interest. However, current tools available to study integrin trafficking may cause artifacts and/or do not provide adequate kinetic information. Here, we report the generation of a functionally neutral and monovalent single chain antibody to quantitatively and qualitatively measure β1 integrin trafficking in cells. Our novel probe can be used in a variety of assays and allows for the biochemical characterization of rapid recycling of endogenous integrins. We also demonstrate its potential utility in live cell imaging, providing proof of principle to guide future integrin probe design.
On‐site wastewater treatment using reactive filter media
Authors: Mažeikienė Aušra , Šarko Julita 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to reduce the phosphate concentration in treated wastewater using a small amount of the reactive filter media, Filtralite P. Biologically treated wastewater was passed through a filter with 215 g of Filtralite P. In the laboratory, the phosphate removal efficiency was 51% at a flow speed of 0.87 m/h. Under real conditions, in an experimental stand filled with 0.5 m3 of Filtralite P, the phosphate removal efficiency was 85% and the removal efficiency of total suspended solids was 57% after a 5‐month period. The residual phosphate concentration in the filtrate from the experimental stand was 1 mg/L of PO4‐P after the 5‐month period. The experimental filtration plant was buried in the ground, and it did not freeze and worked well under winter conditions. The results of this study can be useful in the design and development of tertiary wastewater treatment plants in view of their sustainability potential.
Robust Constrained Trajectory Tracking Control for Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Disturbance Observers
Authors: Zhu Bing , Chen Mou , Li Tao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a trajectory tracking control scheme for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) under unknown external disturbance and input saturation is developed. This scheme includes the position control system and attitude control one, in which the attitude control system is further divided into the fast loop for angular velocity and the slow one for attitude angle based on time-scale separation principle. Then, an input constrained dynamic surface control scheme combined with a disturbance observer is designed to achieve the total thrust, desired roll, and pitch angle in the position control system. For the coupled attitude system, a dynamic surface control scheme together with generalized model predictive controller (GMPC) is proposed to tackle both the fast loop system and the slow one. Since the unknown external disturbance and input saturation are considered, a sliding mode disturbance observer (SMDO) is further designed to achieve the strong robustness. Finally, some simulation results are presented to show robustness and effectiveness of our proposed tracking scheme.
Region-Reaching Control of a Flexible-Joint Manipulator
Authors: Yu J. W. , Zhang X. H. , Ji J. C. , Tian J. Y. , Zhou J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper addresses the region-reaching control problem for a flexible-joint robotic manipulator which is formulated by Lagrangian dynamics. An adaptive control scheme is proposed for the manipulator system having two constrained regions which are constructed by selecting appropriate objective functions. The two joints of the flexible-joint manipulator can be, respectively, confined in different regions, and this gives more flexibility than the traditional fixed-point tracking control. By performing a straightforward Lyapunov stability analysis, a simple control algorithm is established to provide a solution for the region-reaching control problem. Finally, numerical simulations are given to validate the theoretical results.
Mapping adolescent sexual and reproductive health research in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Ajayi Anthony Idowu , Ushie Boniface Ayanbekongshie , Mwoka Meggie , Igonya Emmy Kageha , Ouedraogo Ramatou , Juma Kenneth , Aboderin Isabella 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionPrevious studies have attempted to review the vast body of evidence on adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH), but none has focused on a complete mapping and synthesis of the body of inquiry and evidence on ASRH in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Such a comprehensive scoping is needed, however, to offer direction to policy, programming and future research. We aim to undertake a scoping review of studies on ASRH in SSA to capture the landscape of extant research and findings and identify gaps for future research.Methods and analysisThis protocol is designed using the framework for scoping reviews developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. We will include English and French language peer-reviewed publications and grey literature on ASRH (aged 10–19) in SSA published between January 2010 and June 2019. A three-step search strategy involving an initial search of three databases to refine the keywords, a full search of all databases and screening of references of previous review studies for relevant articles missing from our full search will be employed. We will search AJOL, JSTOR, HINARI, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar and the websites for the WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, UNESCO and Guttmacher Institute. Two reviewers will screen the titles, abstracts and full texts of publications for eligibility and inclusion—using Covidence (an online software). We will then extract relevant information from studies that meet the inclusion criteria using a tailored extraction frame and template. Extracted data will be analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results will be presented using tables and charts and summaries of key themes arising from available research findings.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for a scoping review as it synthesises publicly available publications. Dissemination will be through publication in a peer-review journal and presentation at relevant conferences and convening of policymakers and civil society organisations working on ASRH in SSA.
Prioritising outcomes for evaluating eosinophil-guided corticosteroid therapy among patients with acute COPD exacerbations requiring hospitalisation: a Delphi consensus study
Authors: Suehs Carey Meredith , Zysman Maéva , Chenivesse Cécile , Burgel Pierre-Régis , Couturaud F , Deslee Gaëtan , Berger Patrick , Raherison Chantal , Devouassoux Gilles , Brousse Christophe , Roche Nicolas , Molimard Mathieu , Chinet Thierry , Devillier Philippe , Chanez Pascal , Kessler Romain , Didier Alain , Martinat Yan , Le Rouzic Olivier , Bourdin A 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesPresently, those outcomes that should be prioritised for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation studies remain unclear. In order to coordinate multicentre studies on eosinophilia-driven corticosteroid therapy for patients hospitalised for acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), we aimed to find consensus among experts in the domain regarding the prioritisation of outcomes.DesignA modified Delphi study was proposed to recognised COPD experts. Two brainstorming questionnaires were used to collect potential outcomes. Four subsequent rounds of questionnaires were used to rank items according to a six-point Likert scale for their importance in the protocol, as well as for being the primary outcome. Priority outcome criteria were predefined as those for which ≥70% of experts indicated that the outcome was essential for interpreting study results.SettingCOPD exacerbation management in France.Participants34 experts recommended by the French Language Pulmonology Society were invited to participate. Of the latter, 21 experts participated in brainstorming, and 19 participated in all four ranking rounds.Results105 outcomes were ranked. Two achieved consensus as candidate primary outcomes: (1) treatment failure defined as death from any cause or the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation, readmission because of COPD or intensification of pharmacologic therapy, and (2) the time required to meet predefined discharge criteria. The 10 secondary priority outcomes included survival, time with no sign of improvement, episodes of hospitalisation, exacerbation, pneumonia, mechanical or non-invasive ventilation and oxygen use, as well as comorbidities during the initial hospitalisation.ConclusionsThis Delphi consensus project generated and prioritised a great many outcomes, documenting current expert views concerning a diversity of COPD endpoints. Among the latter, 12 reached consensus as priority outcomes for evaluating the efficacy of eosinophil-driven corticosteroid therapy in AECOPD inpatients.Study registrationThe eo-Delphi project/protocol was registered on 23 January 2018 at https://osf.io/4ahqw/.
Effect of RaceRunning on cardiometabolic disease risk factors and functional mobility in young people with moderate-to-severe cerebral palsy: protocol for a feasibility study
Authors: Ryan Jennifer , Theis Nicola , Koufaki Pelagia , Phillips Shaun , Anokye Nana , Andreopoulou Georgia , Kennedy Fiona , Jagadamma Kavi C , vanSchie Petra , Dines Hannah , van der Linden Marietta L 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionThere is consistent evidence that people with cerebral palsy (CP) do not engage in the recommended physical activity guidelines for the general population from a young age. Participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is particularly reduced in people with CP who have a moderate-to-severe disability. RaceRunning is a growing disability sport that provides an opportunity for people with moderate-to-severe disability to participate in physical activity in the community. It allows those who are unable to walk independently to propel themselves using a RaceRunning bike, which has a breastplate for support but no pedals. The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility and acceptability of RaceRunning for young people with moderate-to-severe CP and the feasibility of conducting a definitive study of the effect of RaceRunning on cardiometabolic disease risk factors and functional mobility.Methods and analysisTwenty-five young people (age 5–21 years) with CP or acquired brain injury affecting coordination will be included in this single-arm intervention study. Participants will take part in one RaceRunning session each week for 24 weeks. Outcomes assessed at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks include body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity and sedentary behaviour, functional mobility, activity competence and psychosocial impact. Adverse events will be systematically recorded throughout the 24 weeks. Focus groups will be conducted with participants and/or parents to explore their views and experiences of taking part in RaceRunning.Ethics and disseminationApproval has been granted by Queen Margaret University Research Ethics Committee (REC) and the South East of Scotland REC. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and distributed to people with CP and their families through RaceRunning and Athletic Clubs, National Health Service trusts and organisations for people with disabilities.Trial registration numberNCT04034342; pre-results.
Presumed disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow in a dog
Authors: Jardim Gomes Bárbara Andreia , Gunn Eilidh , Millins Caroline , Waugh Elspeth M , Hammond Gawain 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYAn eight‐year‐old male neutered Jack Russell terrier presented with fever, shoulder and elbow pain and progressive right forelimb lameness. Haematology revealed a non‐regenerative anaemia and marked thrombocytopenia. Radiography and CT of the thorax and abdomen revealed bilateral asymmetrical osteogenic‐osteolytic changes to the scapulae, humeri, femurs, pelvis, ribs and vertebrae. Histopathology of the bone marrow of the left humerus confirmed a metastatic skeletal adenocarcinoma. This case features a presumptive manifestation of disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow with a bilateral asymmetrical distribution in a metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown primary origin. Disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow should be included in the differential diagnosis with polyostotic osteolytic and osteogenic, bilateral asymmetrical lesions in the long bones, vertebrae, ribs and pelvis.