bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Trans-Areola Approach for Costal Cartilage Harvest in Asian Rhinoplasty and Comparison with Traditional Approach on Donor-Site Morbidity
Authors: Zhao Runlei , Pan Bailin , Lin Hengju , Long Yan , An Yang , Ke Qingfang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The traditional approach of harvesting costal cartilage through a chest wall incision can result in significant donor-site morbidity and usually causes notable scars in Asian patients. This has become the main concern for Asian females seeking rhinoplasty with autologous costal cartilage.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the donor-site morbidity of the trans-areola approach for costal cartilage harvest in Asian rhinoplasty and to compare it with the traditional approach.

Methods
Patients’ records were reviewed to determine whether their rhinoplasties had been performed with either the trans-areola or the traditional approach to costal cartilage harvest. Donor-site morbidity was evaluated 1 year postoperatively via a visual analog scale and the Modified Vancouver Scar Scale. Long-term complications of the trans-areola group were assessed at least 6 months after surgery.

Results
There were 26 females in the trans-areola group and 35 females in the traditional group; both groups were of similar age and body mass index range. Compared with the traditional group, the trans-areola group had a significantly longer surgery time and a higher pneumothorax rate (7.7% vs 2.9%) but a significantly better scar quality and a higher overall satisfaction. Long-term outcomes and complications of the trans-areola group included significant scars (2/26, 7.7%), concavity of the breast (1/26, 3.8%), and local chest pain/discomfort (1/26, 3.8%).

Conclusions
Compared with the traditional approach to harvesting costal cartilage in Asian rhinoplasty, patients who underwent the trans-areola approach had less overall donor-site morbidity and higher overall satisfaction. We recommend this technique to patients who meet the inclusion criteria as well as those seeking a better cosmetic outcome.

Level of Evidence: 4
Unaccompanied Young Females and Social Workers: Meaning-Making in the Practice Space
Authors: Larkin Rachel , Lefevre Michelle 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article considers the role and importance of the intersubjective practice space created between social workers and unaccompanied young females (UYFs)—girls and young women under eighteen years of age, who arrive in a country, not in the care of a parent or guardian, and claim asylum in their own right. The voices of UYFs are under-represented in the literature and there is very little research which considers social work with this marginalised group. Through a study of how UYFs and practitioners in England experienced and constructed each other during their everyday practice encounters, we discuss the potential of the practice space for creating mutual understandings and enabling positive changes. Analysis revealed that their subjective and affective experience of their encounters and of each other, both as individual humans and as representations of particular categories (asylum-seeker/looked-after child and professional helper/agent of the state), influenced how they engaged, communicated, co-constructed understandings of each other and viewed the process and outcomes of the social work contact. We argue for the importance of practice encounter spaces, their distinctiveness from what is written in policy and law and their potential as a site for creativity and change.
A Review of Measles Outbreak Cost Estimates From the United States in the Postelimination Era (2004–2017): Estimates by Perspective and Cost Type
Authors: Pike Jamison , Leidner Andrew J , Gastañaduy Paul A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Despite the elimination of measles in the United States (US) in the year 2000, cases continue to occur, with measles outbreaks having occurred in various jurisdictions in the US in 2018 and 2019. Understanding the cost associated with measles outbreaks can inform cost-of-illness and cost-effectiveness studies of measles and measles prevention. We performed a literature review and identified 10 published studies from 2001 through 2018 that presented cost estimates from 11 measles outbreaks. The median total cost per measles outbreak was $152 308 (range, $9862–$1 063 936); the median cost per case was $32 805 (range, $7396–$76 154) and the median cost per contact was $223 (range, $81–$746). There were limited data on direct and indirect costs associated with measles. These findings highlight how costly measles outbreaks can be, the value of this information for public health department budgeting, and the importance of more broadly documenting the cost of measles outbreaks.
New Method for Determination of Alkylating Agents in Biologic Fluids
Authors: Tan Yulin L , Cole Donald R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An accurate, reproducible colorimetric method for determining minute amounts of alkylating agents in biologic fluids has been developed. Utilizing this method, we have been able to detect less than 0.1 µg. of nitrogen mustard (HN2), or Thio-TEPA in 1 ml. of plasma, lymph, urine, or tissue homogenate. The biologic fluid was deproteinized with zinc sulfate, barium hydroxide, and methanol; the supernatant was used to alkylate γ-(4-nitrobenzyl) pyridine (NBP) under optimum conditions. The color of the quaternary pyridinium NBP derivative was extracted into ethyl acetate and read on a Beckman DU spectrophotometer utilizing microcells.
Determination of 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxymandelic Acid (VMA) in Urine by Thin-Layer Chromatography
Authors: Annino J S , Lipson M , Williams L A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
From studies of several variables, a method has been developed for the separation and quantitation of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) in urine by thin-layer chromatography. The urine is pretreated with acid and Florisil, and then extracted with ethyl acetate. Thin-layer chromatography is performed on silica gel with a butanol: acetic acid:water solution. The VMA spot is located by spraying with fast red GG and potassium carbonate. After removal from the plate, maximum color is developed and quantitated by reading in a spectrophotometer at 510 mµ.
Phenothiazine Derivatives in Urine: "False Nagative Results" With the Forrest Color Test (FPN), and a Method for Their Elimination
Authors: Campbell K N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
More than 100 Forrest color tests (FPN) were performed on urine specimens from patients taking phenothiazine drugs. The results obtained showed &gt; 20% "false negatives" and 6% "false positives." A delayed reaction due to possible individual patient variation seems to have been the cause for false-negative results. These false negatives were shown to disappear when test readings were delayed for 1-5 min. Some false positives were due to liver dysfunction.
A Rapid Micro Method for Determ nation of Ascorbic Acid in Urine by Ferric Reduction
Authors: Vann Leon S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A new method for the determination of ascorbic acid in urine is based on the quantitative reduction of ferric to ferrous ion by ascorbic acid and the colorimetric measurement of the ferrous ion through its formation of a colored complex with bathophenanthroline. The complex is quantitatively extracted into chloroform, and its absorbance is measured in this solvent. The method is simple, very rapid, and has good specificity for clinical purposes. Only 0.05-0.25 ml. of urine is required per determination. All reagents used in the method, except the ascorbic acid standard, are stable indefinitely.
Electrophoresis of Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase in Serum, Beef Heart, and Liver Homogenates on Cellulose Acetate
Authors: Romel William C , LaMancusa S Joseph 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A procedure for the separation of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase by electrophoresis on cellulose polyacetate is described. Color development of the bands of activity was obtained with a diazonium salt (1) (6-benzamido-4-methoxy-m-toluidine diazonium chloride) with a specificity for oxalacetic acid.
Simultaneous Determination of Barbiturates and Salicylates by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
Authors: Bjerre Solveig , Porter C J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A rapid method based on UV spectrophotometry is described for simultaneous determination of salicylates and barbiturates in serum. While barbiturates have no absorbance above 280 mµ and extracted normal serum has insignificant absorbance, salicylate has a maximal absorbance peak at 296 mµ, which is proportional to concentration. The barbiturate concentration can be calculated from absorbance differences between pH 10 and pH 2, pH 13 and pH 2, or pH 13 and pH 10, at wave lengths 239 mµ, 253 mµ, and 259 mµ respectively. These absorbance differences can be shown to relate linearly with concentration. The error involved in barbiturate determinations performed when salicylate is present is discussed, and a compensation for the presence of salicylate is derived from absorbance measurements at 296 mµ.
The extraction and the various factors involved (e.g., pH, and presence of Na2SO4) in obtaining quantitative recovery of both barbiturates and salicylates are described.
As the UV absorption spectra of some barbiturates but not of salicylates are changed during alkaline treatment, a partial differentiation of barbiturates based on the rate of alkaline hydrolysis is made possible.
Criteria for the presence of salicylates and barbiturates and the detection of interference from other drugs such as bemegride, glutethimide, and sulfonamides are discussed.
A Saccharogenic Method for Estimating Electrophoretic and Chromatographic Distribution of Human Serum Amylase
Authors: Ujihira Ichiro , Searcy Ronald L , Berk J Edward , Hayashi Shinichiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The dinitrosalicylic acid reaction for measuring reducing sugar has been evaluated and found suitable for determining the saccharogenic activity of human serum. The sensitivity and reproducibility of the modified dinitrosalicylic acid method permits quantitation of the electrophoretic and chromatographic distribution of human serum amylase. Such fractionations suggest that a majority, if not all, saccharogenic activity in normal and certain abnormal specimens is chromatographically separable from other serum protein and exhibits an electrophoretic mobility similar to γ-globulin.
Microdetermination of Proline in Serum
Authors: Summer G K , Roszel N O 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An accurate method for determination of proline in serum has been adapted to a micro scale, with good results. Acidic ethanol is used as a serum deproteinizing agent prior to development of color with ninhydrin and its extraction into benzene. The range of accuracy is ± 3.0% with as little as 0.2 ml. serum. The microdetermination of this amino acid facilitates study of the intermediary metabolism of proline in pediatric patients as well as in small laboratory animals. The method is also useful in the study of amino acid and collagen biosynthesis in a number of experimental systems.
Estimation of Urinary 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid by Paper Chromatography-a Sensitive Method
Authors: Berry Helen K , Krupanidhi Indira 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple and highly sensitive method for the identification and quantitative estimation of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentration in urine is described. 5-HIAA was concentrated following extraction into ethyl acetate, and separated from other indolic acids by paper chromatography. A color reagent, p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde, was used to detect 5-HIAA on paper, in concentrations as low as 0.1 µg./cm.2 Urinary excretion levels could be measured below the normal range as well as in the normal range and above.
Direct Spectrophotometric Determination of Albumin in Human Serum
Authors: Rodkey F Lee 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In a convenient and direct method for determination of albumin in human serum, based on the decrease in absorbance of a neutral buffered solution of bromcresol green when albumin combines with the indicator, serum is diluted with a solution of bromcresol green of sufficient concentration to allow essentially linear change of absorbance with albumin concentration. Measurements are made at 615 mµ, where the absorbance of hemoglobin or bilirubin does not interfere. Extremely lipemic, turbid serums may be accurately analyzed. This method has been applied to a number of abnormal serums and compared with measurements of the albumin fraction of serum which is soluble in 2% (w/v) TCA in ethanol. Satisfactory agreement was obtained. Tests indicated that bromcresol green was not bound by serum globulins.
Measurement of Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase
Authors: Peacock Andrew C , Byrd L Thomas , Sule A Hope 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The measurement at 340 mµ of the rate at which NADH is oxidized is the most reliable method for estimation of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), but the technic is often thought too cumbersome for routine application. Described are several methodological improvements in earlier methods, including reagent control, a standardized program for making readings, and a nomographic method of calculation, all of which taken together provide new speed and accuracy in estimating SGOT. The method described is well-suited for routine clinical application.
An Automated Method for Urine Creatinine Which Does Not Require a Dialyzer Module
Authors: Pino Samuel , Benotti Joseph , Gardyna Henry 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for the determination of urine creatinine is presented which is relatively simple and completely automated. It is based on the Jaffeacute; reaction and differs from others in that the dialyzer module is not required. The instrument used is the Technicon AutoAnalyzer. The automated procedure is described in detail, and data are presented to show that it has excellent reproducibility.
A Coulometric Determination of Urea Nitrogen in Blood and Urine
Authors: Christian Gary D , Knoblock Edward C , Purdy William C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To determine urea nitrogen, ammonia resulting from urease hydrolysis of urea is titrated with coulometrically generated hypobromite ion using a direct amperometric end-point detection. In blood samples, the ammonia is first separated by the microdiffusion technic. The ammonia may be titrated directly in urine samples.
The Effect of Bacterial Contamination and Aging on the Volatility of Mercury in Urine Specimens
Authors: Wall H , Rhodes C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effect of specimen aging on the recovery of mercury from urine samples was investigated. It was found that in some aged specimens the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid to the urine without cooling resulted in a large loss of mercury. This phenomenon is presumed to be due to enhanced volatility of the mercury caused by bacterial action. This loss can be avoided by adding a suitable preservative to the urine, by chilling the urine while the concentrated sulfuric acid is being added, or, most conveniently, by using 50% (V/V) sulfuric acid in place of the concentrated acid. It was also found that the use of a reflux condenser is unnecessary when urine is being oxidized by heating with sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate.
Detection of Phenothiazine Derivatives in Urine
Authors: Brownstein Herman , Roberge Alfred R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Findings of the present study agree with published results that showed an incidence of approximately 25% "false negative" results with the Forrest FPN test for phenothiazine derivatives in urine. A recently published modification purportedly decreased these "false negatives" to less than 5%. However, our control group of negative urine specimens omitted in Campbell's study, yielded 100% negative results with the FPN test and 81% positive results with the modified test. Phenistix (Ames) was evaluated for elimination of false negative readings but was found not to have any advantage for this purpose. Data are also presented indicating differing sensitivities of the Forrest FPN test to various phenothiazine derivatives.
Determination of Serum Calcium by Glyoxal Bis (2-Hydroxyanil) Chelation
Authors: Bellinger John F , Campbell Robert A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple micro (0.1 ml.) colorimetric method is described for the determination of serum calcium. This method employs the differential chelating characteristic of glyoxyl bis (2-hydroxyanil) in the presence of other divalent cations. The serum sample is placed in a colorimetric tube followed by additions of water, glyoxyl bis (2-hydroxyanil) reagent, and alkaline carbonate color developer. Chloroform is added to extract the chromogen, and its transmittance at 535 mµ is determined.
Blood Pyruvate in Malignant Neoplastic Disorders
Authors: Maneche H C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A moderate and statistically significant elevation of blood pyruvate levels, determined by an enzymatic method, was found in 60 patients with various malignant neoplastic disorders as compared with 20 control subjects. Studied were 42 cases of metastatic carcinoma, including 14 in which there were hepatic metastases and 18 cases of leukemia and lymphoma. No significant statistical difference was found when the values for the patients with malignant disease were compared with those found for a group of patients with non-neoplastic liver disorders.
Lipid Content of the Intervertebral Disc
Authors: Franklin Lawrence , Hull E Wayne 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Total lipid content of the hyaline cartilage plate and nucleus pulposus of the human intervertebral disc were found to be the same by a variety of solvent procedures. Water and residue fractions varied. More lipid material was removed in the presence of 70% alcohol than by other solvent combinations.
Detection of Brominism by an Automated Chloride Method
Authors: Driscoll J L , Martin H F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the performance of routine determinations of serum chloride by the automated method, which depends on halide displacement of mercury from the thiocyanate to allow formation of ferric thiocyanate complex, 4 cases of bromide poisoning were detected. Experimental evidence shows the halide substitution to be an equilibrium, with higher formation constants for the heavier halide ions. As a result, the chloride determination simultaneously becomes a screen for brominism since the presence of appreciable quantities of bromide ion in serum will produce apparently high chloride values.
An Ultramicro Colorimetric Method for Determination of Total and Direct Serum Bilirubin
Authors: Rutkowski Roman B , deBaare Larissa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple reproducible method for the ultramicro determination of total and direct serum bilirubin is presented. This method provides a greater sensitivity than that obtained with other colorimetric ultramicro procedures. Total bilirubin values agree with those obtained with the macro Malloy-Evelyn procedure, but direct-reading bilirubin values were significantly higher with the presented method.
Screening Test for Hydrindicuria
Authors: Fischl J , Israel S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A screening test is described for the detection of a type of disorder associated with the metabolism of melanin and manifested by mental symptoms. The test employs the conversion of the urinary melanogens to hydrindic acid by acidification. By extracting the pigment with iso-butanol and purifying the extract by washing, the urinary excretion levels may be assayed by photometry.
A Study of Phenyl Phosphate and α-Naphthyl Phospate as Substrates for SerumAcid Phosphatases
Authors: Seal Ulysses S , Mellinger George T , Doe Richard P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In 120 patients without cancer and 87 with prostatic cancer, the α-naphthyl phosphate substrate method proved as sensitive as or more sensitive than the tartrate inhibitable phenyl phosphate substrate method. The major nonprostatic acid phosphatase fraction of blood had properties unlike that of the red blood cell enzyme and was destroyed at room temperature, pH 6.2. Subtle local extensions of prostatic cancer were associated with small but significant increases in mean serum acid phosphatase concentration.
3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxymandelic Acid (VMA) by Microfiber Chromatography
Authors: Preston Joseph A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method is presented for the rapid, precise, quantitative measurement of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) in urine. The method is unique in that it utilizes silica-gel-impregnated glass fiber as a support medium for thin-layer chromatography. An ethyl acetate extract of acidified urine was spotted and chromatographed in an ascending technic using tolulene, glacial acetic acid, and ethyl acetate (70:20:5) as a solvent system. The VMA is identified by spraying the chromatogram with diazotized p-nitroanaline. Semiquantitation was made with accuracy by visual inspection and comparison with simultaneously spotted standards. Precise quantitation was made by strip scanning. Diet and a variety of medication did not interfere. The normal range was found to be 0-4 mg./L.
Reaction Rate Measurement of Multiple Enzyme Samples by Continuous Flow Analysis
Authors: Brown Harold H , Ebner Mary R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple technic to adapt the advantages of continuous flow analysis to the kinetic assay of multiple enzyme samples is described. It will permit adequate standardization by primary or secondary standards run through the entire analysis of those procedures that do not exhibit spontaneous changes in light absorption or fluorescence with time. The adaptation of the Kind-King method for alkaline phosphatase (1) to this technic is given to demonstrate the superiority of such a system over single-point enzyme assays.
Improving the Specificity of the Nitrosonaphthol Procedure for Urinary 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid
Authors: Anton A H , Sayre D F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The nitrosonaphthol procedure for urinary 5-HIAA has been modified by using an excess of NaCl and adjusting the urine to a constant pH during the first chloroform purification step. Thus, the variable salt concentration of different urine samples, which has been claimed to be responsible for the reported inconsistency of the method, has been eliminated.
Ultramicro Automated Screening Method for Uric Acid
Authors: Laessig Ronald H , Underwood Chester E , Basteyns Barbara J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An automated colorimetric microprocedure, suitable for screening purposes, has been developed for the determination of blood uric acid levels. The method uses 2O-µl. whole-blood (capillary) samples and is based on the AutoAnalyzer measurement of the absorbance of the colored uric acid-phosphotungstic acid complex. The dilution inherent in the sampling procedure necessitated a modification of the existing AutoAnalyzer method to increase the sensitivity. The proposed method is evaluated for precision and accuracy by comparison with the standard AutoAnalyzer macro-method.