bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of thyroid dysfunction in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Zhu Yuhua , Bing Dan , Wang Dayong , Zhao Lidong , Yin Zifang , Zhang Qiujing , Guan Jing , Wang Qiuju 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundSudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) refers to the sudden occurrence of unexplained sensorineural hearing loss. The present study showed that different systemic diseases had different influence on the occurrence and hearing outcome of SSHL. Thyroid hormone is one of the important factors for the development of fetal ear and auditory function. However, the distribution of thyroid dysfunction in SSHL patients and the effect of thyroid dysfunction on the occurrence and hearing outcome of SSHL has not been studied.MethodsIn this study, a retrospective analysis had been done in 676 patients with SSHL. We had described the distribution of thyroid function in patients with SSHL in detail, and by the statistical method, analyzed the relationship between the hearing outcome and thyroid dysfunction, respectively.ResultsIn all patients, 24.41% (165/676) had abnormal thyroid function testing results. The onset age of SSHL in FT3 abnormal group (including low and high group) was younger than that in normal FT3 group. Recovery group had more patients with lower‐than‐normal T3 level as compared to non‐recovery patients. Significant associations between T3 levels and hearing outcome were observed in the subgroup with longer time elapse between symptom onset and treatment (≥14 d).ConclusionThe incidence of thyroid dysfunction in SSHL is significantly higher than in the general population. There was obvious relationship between T3 and FT3 item of thyroid dysfunction and the onset time and hearing outcome of SSHL, which indicated that T3 or FT3 indicator may be one of the affecting factors for the SSHL. Early screening and diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction, especial T3 level, may help to evaluate the prognosis in SSHL patients.
On relative ageing of coherent systems with dependent identically distributed components
Authors: Hazra Nil Kamal , Misra Neeraj 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRelative ageing describes how one system ages with respect to another. The ageing faster orders are used to compare the relative ageing of two systems. Here, we study ageing faster orders in the hazard and reversed hazard rates. We provide some sufficient conditions for one coherent system to dominate another with respect to ageing faster orders. Further, we investigate whether the active redundancy at the component level is more effective than that at the system level with respect to ageing faster orders, for a coherent system. Furthermore, a used coherent system and a coherent system made out of used components are compared with respect to ageing faster orders.
Does Social Media Promote Civic Activism? A Field Experiment with a Civic Campaign
Authors: Foos Florian , Kostadinov Lyubomir , Marinov Nikolay , Schimmelfennig Frank 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSocial media may help civil society organize and mobilize for different campaigns. However, the extent to which social media campaigns simply recruit like-minded individuals as compared to exerting a causal impact on joiners’ attitudes is difficult to disentangle. We test both the organizational and transformative potential of a civil society campaign in a randomized field experiment deployed via Facebook or an email newsletter in collaboration with a Bulgarian environmental campaign. As expected, we find that Bulgarian Facebook users who are active in pro-environmental groups, and those who decide to follow the campaign, are more highly educated than those who decide to stay at the sidelines. Moreover, beliefs in the effectiveness of civic society, character traits and prior activism systematically predict whether a Bulgarian Facebook user decides to join the cause on Facebook, or subscribe to the email newsletter. In contrast, we find little evidence that the campaign affected opinions, knowledge, or self-reported behavior. We conclude that social media campaigns that are commonplace among civil society organizations are effective at selecting activist-types, but changing the views and behaviors of the broader social media population may be more difficult than assumed.
Food and beverage marketing in schools: school superintendents’ perspectives and practices after the healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act
Authors: Asada Yuka , Harris Jennifer L , Mancini Sally , Schwartz Marlene B , Chriqui Jamie F 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:Children are surrounded by ubiquitous forms of unhealthy food marketing at home and in schools. The US Department of Agriculture now restricts food and beverage marketing that does not meet Smart Snacks in School standards. School superintendents, as districts’ top administrators, play a critical role in ensuring marketing policies are implemented and adhered to; however, there is limited research involving this stakeholder group. The current study examined superintendents’ perspectives on food marketing in schools and the marketing provision in wellness policies, as well as experiences with the implementation of such policies.Design:Qualitative focus groups and follow-up interviews (with focus group participants) were conducted by trained researchers.Setting:Focus groups occurred at The School Superintendents’ annual meeting; follow-up interviews were over the telephone.Participants:Superintendents and assistant superintendents (n 39) from twenty-three states participated. Interviews were recorded and professionally transcribed; transcripts were team-coded in Atlas.ti using an iteratively revised coding guide to facilitate theme generation.Results:Despite common concerns that marketing to children was ‘insidious’, superintendents reported a wide range of food and beverage marketing policies. In addition, the main issue is fundraising – such as ‘restaurant nights’ – that results in marketing that occurs on- and off-campus and afterschool.Conclusions:Discrepancies between perspectives and practices point to the challenges that superintendents face with budgetary constraints, as well as relationships with parent–teacher organisations. These findings provide important insights about superintendents’ perspectives and challenges, particularly for government and child health advocates supporting school districts, to implement these policies.
Vertical Transport, Entrainment, and Scavenging Processes Affecting Trace Gases in a Modeled and Observed SEAC4RS Case Study
Authors: Cuchiara G. C. , Fried A. , Barth M. C. , Bela M. , Homeyer C. R. , Gaubert B. , Walega J. , Weibring P. , Richter D. , Wennberg P. , Crounse J. , Kim M. , Diskin G. , Hanisco T. F. , Wolfe G. M. , Beyersdorf A. , Peischl J. , Pollack I. B. , St. Clair J. M. , Woods S. , Tanelli S. , Bui T. V. , Dean‐Day J. , Huey L. G. , Heath N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe convectively driven transport of soluble trace gases from the lower to the upper troposphere can occur on timescales of less than an hour, and recent studies suggest that microphysical scavenging is the dominant removal process of tropospheric ozone precursors. We examine the processes responsible for vertical transport, entrainment, and scavenging of soluble ozone precursors (formaldehyde and peroxides) for midlatitude convective storms sampled on 2 September 2013 during the Studies of Emissions, Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) study. Cloud‐resolving simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry model combined with aircraft measurements were performed to understand the effect of entrainment, scavenging efficiency (SE), and ice physics processes on these trace gases. Analysis of the observations revealed that the SEs of formaldehyde (43–53%) and hydrogen peroxide (~80–90%) were consistent between SEAC4RS storms and the severe convection observed during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry Experiment (DC3) campaign. However, methyl hydrogen peroxide SE was generally smaller in the SEAC4RS storms (4%–27%) compared to DC3 convection. Predicted ice retention factors exhibit different values for some species compared to DC3, and we attribute these differences to variations in net precipitation production. The analyses show that much larger production of precipitation between condensation and freezing levels for DC3 severe convection compared to smaller SEAC4RS storms is largely responsible for the lower amount of soluble gases transported to colder temperatures, reducing the amount of soluble gases which eventually interact with cloud ice particles.
Increased Likelihood of Appreciable Afternoon Rainfall Over Wetter or Drier Soils Dependent Upon Atmospheric Dynamic Influence
Authors: Welty Josh , Stillman Susan , Zeng Xubin , Santanello Joseph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe relationship between morning soil moisture and afternoon rainfall persists as an important yet unresolved challenge in land‐atmosphere interaction study, complicated in part by atmospheric influence. Here, we address this relationship by utilizing NASA's satellite soil moisture and precipitation data for the warm season (June–September) of 2015–2019 over Northern Hemisphere land (0–60°N). Raining days are partitioned into low, medium, and high regimes of atmospheric water vapor convergence. Under the low convergence regime, afternoon rainfall is more likely to occur over wetter soils or higher relative humidity; for days with high moisture convergence, occurrence favors drier soils or lower relative humidity. For each regime, afternoon rainfall occurrence favors warmer morning soil or air temperature. These conclusions are not affected by the threshold magnitude utilized to identify afternoon rainfall events by accumulation, but the threshold value does affect the soil moisture (or relative humidity)‐precipitation relationship when convergence regimes are not considered.
An Active Plume Eruption on Europa During Galileo Flyby E26 as Indicated by Energetic Proton Depletions
Authors: Huybrighs H. L. F. , Roussos E. , Blöcker A. , Krupp N. , Futaana Y. , Barabash S. , Hadid L. Z. , Holmberg M. K. G. , Lomax O. , Witasse O. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStrong depletions of energetic protons (115–244 keV) were observed during Galileo flyby E26 of Europa. We simulate the flux of energetic protons using a Monte Carlo particle backtracing code and show that energetic proton depletions during E26 are reproduced by taking into account the perturbations of the electromagnetic fields calculated by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations and charge exchange with a global atmosphere and plume. A depletion feature occurring shortly after closest approach is driven by plume associated charge exchange, or a combination with plume associated field perturbations. We therefore conclude, with a new method and independent data set, that Galileo could have encountered a plume during E26.
3D microstructure design of lithium-ion battery electrodes assisted by X-ray nano-computed tomography and modelling
Authors: Lu Xuekun , Bertei Antonio , Finegan Donal P. , Tan Chun , Daemi Sohrab R. , Weaving Julia S. , O’Regan Kieran B. , Heenan Thomas M. M. , Hinds Gareth , Kendrick Emma , Brett Dan J. L. , Shearing Paul R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDriving range and fast charge capability of electric vehicles are heavily dependent on the 3D microstructure of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) and substantial fundamental research is required to optimise electrode design for specific operating conditions. Here we have developed a full microstructure-resolved 3D model using a novel X-ray nano-computed tomography (CT) dual-scan superimposition technique that captures features of the carbon-binder domain. This elucidates how LiB performance is markedly affected by microstructural heterogeneities, particularly under high rate conditions. The elongated shape and wide size distribution of the active particles not only affect the lithium-ion transport but also lead to a heterogeneous current distribution and non-uniform lithiation between particles and along the through-thickness direction. Building on these insights, we propose and compare potential graded-microstructure designs for next-generation battery electrodes. To guide manufacturing of electrode architectures, in-situ X-ray CT is shown to reliably reveal the porosity and tortuosity changes with incremental calendering steps.
Haplotype-resolved genomes provide insights into structural variation and gene content in Angus and Brahman cattle
Authors: Low Wai Yee , Tearle Rick , Liu Ruijie , Koren Sergey , Rhie Arang , Bickhart Derek M. , Rosen Benjamin D. , Kronenberg Zev N. , Kingan Sarah B. , Tseng Elizabeth , Thibaud-Nissen Françoise , Martin Fergal J. , Billis Konstantinos , Ghurye Jay , Hastie Alex R. , Lee Joyce , Pang Andy W. C. , Heaton Michael P. , Phillippy Adam M. , Hiendleder Stefan , Smith Timothy P. L. , Williams John L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInbred animals were historically chosen for genome analysis to circumvent assembly issues caused by haplotype variation but this resulted in a composite of the two genomes. Here we report a haplotype-aware scaffolding and polishing pipeline which was used to create haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level genome assemblies of Angus (taurine) and Brahman (indicine) cattle subspecies from contigs generated by the trio binning method. These assemblies reveal structural and copy number variants that differentiate the subspecies and that variant detection is sensitive to the specific reference genome chosen. Six genes with immune related functions have additional copies in the indicine compared with taurine lineage and an indicus-specific extra copy of fatty acid desaturase is under positive selection. The haplotyped genomes also enable transcripts to be phased to detect allele-specific expression. This work exemplifies the value of haplotype-resolved genomes to better explore evolutionary and functional variations.
Quantifying and understanding the triboelectric series of inorganic non-metallic materials
Authors: Zou Haiyang , Guo Litong , Xue Hao , Zhang Ying , Shen Xiaofang , Liu Xiaoting , Wang Peihong , He Xu , Dai Guozhang , Jiang Peng , Zheng Haiwu , Zhang Binbin , Xu Cheng , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractContact-electrification is a universal effect for all existing materials, but it still lacks a quantitative materials database to systematically understand its scientific mechanisms. Using an established measurement method, this study quantifies the triboelectric charge densities of nearly 30 inorganic nonmetallic materials. From the matrix of their triboelectric charge densities and band structures, it is found that the triboelectric output is strongly related to the work functions of the materials. Our study verifies that contact-electrification is an electronic quantum transition effect under ambient conditions. The basic driving force for contact-electrification is that electrons seek to fill the lowest available states once two materials are forced to reach atomically close distance so that electron transitions are possible through strongly overlapping electron wave functions. We hope that the quantified series could serve as a textbook standard and a fundamental database for scientific research, practical manufacturing, and engineering.
Inferring spatial and signaling relationships between cells from single cell transcriptomic data
Authors: Cang Zixuan , Nie Qing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides details for individual cells; however, crucial spatial information is often lost. We present SpaOTsc, a method relying on structured optimal transport to recover spatial properties of scRNA-seq data by utilizing spatial measurements of a relatively small number of genes. A spatial metric for individual cells in scRNA-seq data is first established based on a map connecting it with the spatial measurements. The cell–cell communications are then obtained by “optimally transporting” signal senders to target signal receivers in space. Using partial information decomposition, we next compute the intercellular gene–gene information flow to estimate the spatial regulations between genes across cells. Four datasets are employed for cross-validation of spatial gene expression prediction and comparison to known cell–cell communications. SpaOTsc has broader applications, both in integrating non-spatial single-cell measurements with spatial data, and directly in spatial single-cell transcriptomics data to reconstruct spatial cellular dynamics in tissues.
Isotopic evidence for initial coastal colonization and subsequent diversification in the human occupation of Wallacea
Authors: Roberts Patrick , Louys Julien , Zech Jana , Shipton Ceri , Kealy Shimona , Carro Sofia Samper , Hawkins Stuart , Boulanger Clara , Marzo Sara , Fiedler Bianca , Boivin Nicole , Mahirta  , Aplin Ken , OʼConnor Sue 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The resource-poor, isolated islands of Wallacea have been considered a major adaptive obstacle for hominins expanding into Australasia. Archaeological evidence has hinted that coastal adaptations in Homo sapiens enabled rapid island dispersal and settlement; however, there has been no means to directly test this proposition. Here, we apply stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis to human and faunal tooth enamel from six Late Pleistocene to Holocene archaeological sites across Wallacea. The results demonstrate that the earliest human forager found in the region c. 42,000 years ago made significant use of coastal resources prior to subsequent niche diversification shown for later individuals. We argue that our data provides clear insights into the huge adaptive flexibility of our species, including its ability to specialize in the use of varied environments, particularly in comparison to other hominin species known from Island Southeast Asia.
Prediction of the functional impact of missense variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 with BRCA-ML
Authors: Hart Steven N. , Polley Eric C. , Shimelis Hermella , Yadav Siddhartha , Couch Fergus J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn silico predictions of missense variants is an important consideration when interpreting variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. We trained and evaluated hundreds of machine learning algorithms based on results from validated functional assays to better predict missense variants in these genes as damaging or neutral. This new optimal “BRCA-ML” model yielded a substantially more accurate method than current algorithms for interpreting the functional impact of variants in these genes, making BRCA-ML a valuable addition to data sources for VUS classification.
An annual time series of weekly size-resolved aerosol properties in the megacity of Metro Manila, Philippines
Authors: Stahl Connor , Cruz Melliza Templonuevo , Bañaga Paola Angela , Betito Grace , Braun Rachel A. , Aghdam Mojtaba Azadi , Cambaliza Maria Obiminda , Lorenzo Genevieve Rose , MacDonald Alexander B. , Pabroa Preciosa Corazon , Yee John Robin , Simpas James Bernard , Sorooshian Armin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSize-resolved aerosol samples were collected in Metro Manila between July 2018 and October 2019. Two Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactors (MOUDI) were deployed at Manila Observatory in Quezon City, Metro Manila with samples collected on a weekly basis for water-soluble speciation and mass quantification. Additional sets were collected for gravimetric and black carbon analysis, including during special events such as holidays. The unique aspect of the presented data is a year-long record with weekly frequency of size-resolved aerosol composition in a highly populated megacity where there is a lack of measurements. The data are suitable for research to understand the sources, evolution, and fate of atmospheric aerosols, as well as studies focusing on phenomena such as aerosol-cloud-precipitation-meteorology interactions, regional climate, boundary layer processes, and health effects. The dataset can be used to initialize, validate, and/or improve models and remote sensing algorithms.
RNA-seq analysis reveals TRPC genes to impact an unexpected number of metabolic and regulatory pathways
Authors: Formoso Karina , Susperreguy Sebastian , Freichel Marc , Birnbaumer Lutz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe seven-member transient receptor potential canonical genes (TRPC1-7) encode cation channels linked to several human diseases. There is little understanding of the participation of each TRPC in each pathology, considering functional redundancy. Also, most of the inhibitors available are not specific. Thus, we developed mice that lack all of the TRPCs and performed a transcriptome analysis in eight tissues. The aim of this research was to address the impact of the absence of all TRPC channels on gene expression. We obtained a total of 4305 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in at least one tissue where spleen showed the highest number of DEGs (1371). Just 21 genes were modified in all the tissues. Performing a pathway enrichment analysis, we found that many important signaling pathways were modified in more than one tissue, including PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B) signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and circadian rhythms. We describe for the first time the changes at the transcriptome level due to the lack of all TRPC proteins in a mouse model and provide a starting point to understand the function of TRPC channels and their possible roles in pathologies.
Unraveling the genetic origin of ‘Glera’, ‘Ribolla Gialla’ and other autochthonous grapevine varieties from Friuli Venezia Giulia (northeastern Italy)
Authors: Crespan Manna , Migliaro Daniele , Larger Simone , Pindo Massimo , Petrussi Carlo , Stocco Marco , Rusjan Denis , Sivilotti Paolo , Velasco Riccardo , Maul Erika 
Published: April 2020

Abstract‘Glera’ and ‘Ribolla Gialla’ are the most economically relevant local grapevine cultivars of Friuli Venezia Giulia region (north-eastern Italy). ‘Glera’ is used to produce the world-renowned Prosecco wine. ‘Ribolla Gialla’ cultivation is constantly increasing due to the strong demand for sparkling wine and is the most important variety in Brda (Slovenia). Knowledge of local varieties history in terms of migration and pedigree relationships has scientific and marketing appeal. Following prospections, genotyping and ampelographic characterization of minor germplasm in Friuli Venezia Giulia, a further research was developed to understand the parentage relationships among the grapevine varieties grown in this region. An integrated strategy was followed combining the analysis of nuclear and chloroplast microsatellites with theVitis18k SNP chip. Two main recurrent parents were found, which can be regarded as “founders”: ‘Vulpea’, an Austrian variety parent-offspring related with at least ten Friuli Venezia Giulia cultivars, among them ‘Glera’, and ‘Refosco Nostrano’, first degree related with other six Friuli Venezia Giulia varieties. ‘Ribolla Gialla’ was shown to be another member of the impressively long list of offspring derived from the prolific ‘Heunisch Weiss’. Combining molecular markers and historical references was a high-performance strategy for retracing and adjusting the history of cultivars.
Spatial Beam Self-Cleaning in Second-Harmonic Generation
Authors: Krupa K. , Fona R. , Tonello A. , Labruyère A. , Shalaby B. M. , Wabnitz S. , Baronio F. , Aceves A. B. , Millot G. , Couderc V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe experimentally demonstrate the spatial self-cleaning of a highly multimode optical beam, in the process of second-harmonic generation in a quadratic nonlinear potassium titanyl phosphate crystal. As the beam energy grows larger, the output beam from the crystal evolves from a highly speckled intensity pattern into a single, bell-shaped spot, sitting on a low energy background. We demonstrate that quadratic beam cleanup is accompanied by significant self-focusing of the fundamental beam, for both positive and negative signs of the linear phase mismatch close to the phase-matching condition.