bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of chloride application rate and nitrogen fertilizer source to flue‐cured tobacco
Authors: Pace C.R. , Vann M.C. , Fisher L.R. , Hardy D.H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChloride assimilation by flue‐cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) can negatively impact leaf development and quality when tissue concentration exceeds 1%. The influences of Cl− application rate and N fertilizer sources have not been fully described in field research utilizing reduced‐cost or custom‐blend fertility programs that are common in modern times. Research was conducted to test the interaction of four Cl− application rates (0, 34, 67, and 101 kg ha−1) and four N fertilizer sources {calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2; ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3; liquid urea‐ammonium nitrate [UAN], and ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4} on the growth and development of flue‐cured tobacco. The impact of N source was minimal in green leaf tissue; however, (NH4)2SO4 reduced cured leaf quality relative to other N sources. Two weeks after fertilizer application, Cl− rates ≥34 kg ha−1 reduced foliar total N and NO3− measurements by 0.12−0.42% and 789−1348 mg kg−1, respectively. Leaf NO3− concentration was also reduced by Cl− application at the layby growth stage, while P, K, and Mg increased following Cl− application in late‐season measurements. After curing, total N and alkaloids were reduced by an average of 0.17 and 0.23%, respectively, while reducing sugars were increased by 1.67% where Cl− was applied. Chloride concentration exceeded 1% in application rates ≥34 kg ha−1 in early‐season and post‐curing measurements, although toxicity symptoms were not observed nor were yield, quality, or value affected. Farmers should adhere to the current recommendation of ≤34 kg Cl− ha−1 to ensure that cigarette manufacturers receive tobacco that is usable in products.
Nontransient third‐degree heart block and persistent respiratory findings as sequelae of acute occupational exposure to pyrethroids insecticide
Authors: Alexandri Maya , Spaeth Kenneth R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present the case of a worker with occupational exposure to a pyrethroid insecticide who acutely developed nontransient third‐degree heart block. In 2000, a 57‐year‐old male truck driver on his delivery route was accidentally exposed to pyrethroid insecticide being sprayed for West Nile virus containment. Both the driver and his vehicle were coated with the spray. The exposure was prolonged because he did not change his clothes until after his shift ended and he used the same contaminated truck for a week. Within days, he presented with a third‐degree heart block, for which he was emergently treated, and a pacemaker was placed. He had no past history of arrhythmias. In the weeks thereafter, he also developed reactive airway dysfunction syndrome (RADS). In the second decade following the exposure, the patient replaced his pacemaker, confirming the permanent nature of his heart block. In addition to the persistence of his exposure‐related RADS, he developed restrictive lung disease and was diagnosed with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in the absence of established risk factors. The patient died in October 2019 from respiratory illness. Most previous reports of pyrethroid‐related disorders are limited to acute exposures, in which transient symptoms predominate. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an exposed worker experiencing permanent third‐degree heart block, as well as persistent respiratory findings, as possible short‐ and long‐term sequelae of pyrethroid exposure.
Hutchinson‐Gilford Progeria syndrome: Report of the first Togolese case
Authors: Guedenon Koffi M. , Doubaj Yassamine , Akolly Djatougbe A. E. , Barry Moussa Weli , Saka Bayaki , Adjenou Komlavi , Belo Mofou , Pio Machihude , Mihluedo‐Agbolan Komlan A. , Vonor Kokou , Amedome Kokou M. , Tchaou Mazamaesso , Atakouma Yawo D. , Gbadoe Adama D. , Dossou Comlan F. , Fiawoo Mawouto , Gnassingbe Komla , Pitche Palokinam , Agbèrè Diparidè A. , Gnamey Didier K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this article is to describe the first case of Hutchinson‐Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) in Togo and review all Africans cases. Our patient was a 12.8‐year‐old Togolese boy followed in our unit till he was 15‐year‐old for HGPS. He was the only child of non‐consanguineous parents. The phenotypic findings were craniofacial dysmorphy, dwarfism, lipodystrophy, diffusely scattered hyperpigmented foci, pyriform thorax, nail dystrophy, decreased joint mobility, and camptodactyly. He had characteristic facies with prominent forehead, prominent eyes, absent ear lobule, thin nasal skin, convex nasal profile, micrognathia, and crowded teeth. Radiologicals findings were bilateral coxa valga, pyriform thorax, and acro‐osteolysis. We sequenced the entire coding region of LMNA gene, and mutation analysis revealed a heterozygous mutation c.1824C>T (p.Gly608Gly). Our patient is therefore the fifth African and the fourth with classical mutation, first of Western Africa, and second of (sub‐Saharan) African black race. The recurrence of HGPS is low like the cause is neomutation or germinal mosaicism.
Charge Storage Mechanism and Structural Evolution of Viologen Crystals as the Cathode of Lithium Batteries
Authors: Ma Ting , Liu Luojia , Wang Jiaqi , Lu Yong , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough organic ionic crystals represent an attractive class of active materials for rechargeable batteries owing to their high capacity and low solubility in electrolytes, they generally suffer from limited electronic conductivity and moderate voltage. Furthermore, the charge storage mechanism and structural evolution during the redox processes are still not clearly understood. Here we describe ethyl viologen iodide (EVI2) and ethyl viologen diperchlorate (EV(ClO4)2) as cathode materials of lithium batteries which crystallize in a monoclinic system with alternating organic EV2+layers and inorganic I−/ClO4−layers. The EVI2electrode exhibits a high initial discharge plateau of 3.7 V (vs. Li+/Li) because of its anion storage ability. When I−is replaced by ClO4−, the obtained EV(ClO4)2electrode displays excellent rate performance with a theoretical capacity of 78 % even at 5 C owing to the good electron conductivity of ClO4−layers. EVI2and EV(ClO4)2also show excellent cycling stability (capacity retention >96 % after 200 cycles).
Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics at the Nanoscale Iron(III)–OH–Platinum Interface
Authors: Wang Yu , Qin Ruixuan , Wang Yongke , Ren Juan , Zhou Wenting , Li Laiyang , Ming Jiang , Zhang Wuyong , Fu Gang , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCatalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatics is an environment‐benign strategy to produce industrially important aniline intermediates. Herein, we report that Fe(OH)x deposition on Pt nanocrystals to give Fe(OH)x/Pt, enables the selective hydrogenation of nitro groups into amino groups without hydrogenating other functional groups on the aromatic ring. The unique catalytic behavior is identified to be associated with the FeIII‐OH‐Pt interfaces. While H2 activation occurs on exposed Pt atoms to ensure the high activity, the high selectivity towards the production of substituted aniline originates from the FeIII‐OH‐Pt interfaces. In situ IR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and isotope effect studies reveal that the Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couple facilitates the hydrodeoxygenation of the ‐NO2 group during hydrogenation catalysis. Benefitting from FeIII‐OH‐Pt interfaces, the Fe(OH)x/Pt catalysts exhibit high catalytic performance towards a broad range of substituted nitroarenes.
Zirconium‐Catalyzed Atom‐Economical Synthesis of 1,1‐Diborylalkanes from Terminal and Internal Alkenes
Authors: Wang Xianjin , Cui Xin , Li Sida , Wang Yue , Xia Chungu , Jiao Haijun , Wu Lipeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA general and atom‐economical synthesis of 1,1‐diborylalkanes from alkenes and a borane without the need for an additional H2 acceptor is reported for the first time. The key to our success is the use of an earth‐abundant zirconium‐based catalyst, which allows a balance of self‐contradictory reactivities (dehydrogenative boration and hydroboration) to be achieved. Our method avoids using an excess amount of another alkene as an H2 acceptor, which was required in other reported systems. Furthermore, substrates such as simple long‐chain aliphatic alkenes that did not react before also underwent 1,1‐diboration in our system. Significantly, the unprecedented 1,1‐diboration of internal alkenes enabled the preparation of 1,1‐diborylalkanes.
DNA Nanostructures for Targeted Antimicrobial Delivery
Authors: Mela Ioanna , Vallejo‐Ramirez Pedro P. , Makarchuk Stanislaw , Christie Graham , Bailey David , Henderson Robert M. , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Endo Masayuki , Kaminski Clemens F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report the use of DNA origami nanostructures, functionalized with aptamers, as a vehicle for delivering the antibacterial enzyme lysozyme in a specific and efficient manner. We test the system against Gram‐positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) targets. We use direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize the DNA origami nanostructures and structured illumination microscopy (SIM) to assess the binding of the origami to the bacteria. We show that treatment with lysozyme‐functionalized origami slows bacterial growth more effectively than treatment with free lysozyme. Our study introduces DNA origami as a tool in the fight against antibiotic resistance, and our results demonstrate the specificity and efficiency of the nanostructure as a drug delivery vehicle.
Transporter Engineering for Microbial Manufacturing
Authors: Zhu Ying , Zhou Chen , Wang Ying , Li Chun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicrobes play an important role in biotransformation and biosynthesis of biofuels, natural products, and polymers. Therefore, microbial manufacturing has been widely used in medicine, industry, and agriculture. However, common strategies including enzyme engineering, pathway optimization, and host engineering are generally inadequate to obtain an efficient microbial production system. Transporter engineering provides an alternative strategy to promote the transmembrane transfer of substrates, intermediates, and final products in microbial cells and thus enhances production by alleviating feedback inhibition and cytotoxicity caused by final products. According to the current studies in transport engineering, native transporters usually have low expression and poor transportation ability, resulting in inefficient transport processes and microbial production. In this review, current approaches for transporter mining, characterization, and verification are comprehensively summarized. Practical approaches to enhance the transport system in engineered cells, such as balancing transporter overexpression and cell growth, and evolution of native transporters are discussed. Furthermore, the applications of transporter engineering in microbial manufacturing, including enhancement of substrate utilization, concentration of metabolic flux to the target pathway, and acceleration of efflux and recovery of products, demonstrate its outstanding advantages and promising prospects.
Adolescents and handheld advertising: The roles of brand familiarity and smartphone attachment in the processing of mobile advergames
Authors: van Berlo Zeph M. C. , van Reijmersdal Eva A. , Rozendaal Esther 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany adolescents are inseparable from their smartphones on which they are often confronted with covert advertising‐like mobile advergames. This study explores the roles of brand familiarity and smartphone attachment in adolescents’ abilities to recognize the commercial intent of advergames. Moreover, it considers the potential indirect effects of brand familiarity and smartphone attachment on the susceptibility of young consumers to mobile advergames. An experiment (N = 98) was conducted, which showed that brand familiarity moderates the effect of playing advergames on the recognition of the commercial intent of advergames. Furthermore, smartphone attachment was found to facilitate the recognition of the commercial intent of advergames, such that adolescents who experienced higher levels of smartphone attachment (when compared to lower levels) were better able to differentiate between advergames and non‐commercial games (games without advertising). Interestingly, no association between smartphone attachment and brand responses were found—suggesting that smartphone attachment did not affect adolescents’ compliance with the advertised message.
Comparison of Enzymes Immobilised on Immobeads and Inclusion Bodies: A Case Study of a Trehalose Transferase
Authors: Mestrom Luuk , Marsden Stefan R. , McMillan Duncan G. G. , Schoevaart Rob , Hagedoorn Peter‐Leon , Hanefeld Ulf 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this case study, we compare the performance of an enzyme immobilised using two different methods: i) as carrier‐free catalytically active inclusion bodies or ii) as carrier‐attached immobilised enzyme. To make this comparison we used a trehalose transferase from Thermoproteus uzoniensis fused to the fluorescent thermostable protein mCherry. The fusion of mCherry to trehalose transferase allowed direct spectrophotometric quantification and visualisation of the enzyme in both native and denatured states. The catalytically active inclusion bodies outperformed the immobilised enzyme in their simplicity of biocatalyst production resulting in high enzyme productivity. Enzyme immobilised on carrier materials showed a higher catalytic activity and a more robust performance under batch process conditions.
Prototype Tool for Inherent Safety Level Assessment of a Heat Exchanger Network
Authors: Pasha Mohsin , Zaini Dzulkarnain , Shariff Azmi Mohd 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe inherent safety level (ISL) assessment of a heat exchanger network plays a vital role in developing its inherently safer design. New essential safety indices, i.e., inherent safety index for shell and tube heat exchanger (ISISTHE) and overall safety index for heat exchanger network (OSIHEN), are introduced to overcome this potential gap. A prototype tool is proposed by integrating these indices to a process design simulator via object linking and embedded automation. The heat exchanger network of an ammonia synthesis process and a steam reforming unit are presented as a case study. In conclusion, this prototype tool was found to have the potential to figure out a dangerous heat exchanger in a network.
Effect of the Geometry of a Swirl Generator on Energy Loss and Shockwave Position in Arina Nozzle
Authors: Majidi Davood , Farhadi Fatola 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo investigate the effect of the swirl generator (SG) on shockwave position and pressure drop, 3D simulation is conducted and validated by Arina's study. An increase of the blade number, height, and end angle leads to shockwave displacement toward the nozzle outlet. The maximum increment of the shockwave displacement, which is due to enlarging the angle of the blade end, is about 47 %. For this case, the pressure drop share of the SG is nearly half of the total pressure drop, while the residence time of particles is prolonged by about 51 %. As a general finding, increasing the swirl intensity provides a longer residence time to separate adequately the liquid from the gas. However, a higher energy loss is not desirable for the high‐pressure process at the downstream of the 3S separator.
Multidimensional Population Balance Modeling for Pathological Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystals in the Presence of Amino Acids
Authors: Gencaslan Aybala , Kiran-Yildirim Bercem , Titiz-Sargut Sibel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA multidimensional population balance model was applied to elaborate the effects of amino acids on the crystallization mechanisms of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals. Breakage and growth terms defined in the model were expressed in two dimensions depending on the sizes. The exponential hyperbolic function based on the particle sizes was selected for expressing the growth. The model was resolved by using the finite differences method. It was detected that in the non‐additive media, the growth along the length‐1 is extremely dominant against both the growth along the length‐2 and the breakage. However, it was discovered that the amino acids made the crystals more fragile, and the breakage at certain size ranges and certain concentrations of amino acids was the dominant mechanism. In any case, it was proven that both growth and breakage are suppressed considerably in the amino acid‐containing media.
Computational Study of spx(x=1–3)‐Hybridized Be−Be Bonds Stabilized by Amidinate Ligands
Authors: Liu Xingman , Zhang Min , Zhong Ronglin , Wu Shuixing , Liu Yingying , Geng Yun , Su Zhongmin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractComplexes containing odd‐electron Be−Be bonds are still rare until now. Hereby, a series of neutral di‐beryllium amidinate complexes containing a Be−Be bond were explored theoretically. The complexes with direct chelation with the Be2 dimer by the bidentate amidinate (AMD) ligands are always corresponding to their global minimum structures. The detailed bonding analyses reveal that the localized electrons of the Be−Be fragment can be adjusted by the amount of AMD ligands because each AMD ligand only takes one electron from the Be2 fragment. Meanwhile, the hybridization of the central Be atom also changes as the number of AMD ligands increases. In particular, the sp3‐hybridized single‐electron Be−Be bond is firstly identified in the tri‐AMD‐ligands‐chelated neutral D3h‐Be2(AMD)3 complex, which also possesses the higher stability compared to its monoanionic D3h‐Be2(AMD)3− and monocationic C3‐Be2(AMD)3+ analogues. Importantly, our study provides a new approach to obtain a neutral odd‐electron Be−Be bond, namely by the use of radical ligands through side‐on chelation.
Synthesis of Near‐Infrared‐Emitting Benzorhodamines and Their Applications to Bioimaging and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Dai Mingchong , Lee Hyori , Yang Yun Jae , Santra Mithun , Song Chang Wook , Jun Yong Woong , Reo Ye Jin , Kim Won Jong , Ahn Kyo Han 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhotostable and near‐infrared (NIR)‐emitting organic fluorophores with large Stokes shifts are in great demand for long‐term bioimaging at deeper depths with minimal autofluorescence and self‐quenching. Herein, a new class of benzorhodamines and their analogues that are photostable and emit in the NIR region (up to 785 nm) with large Stokes shifts (>120 nm) is reported. The synthesis involves condensation of 7‐alkylamino‐2‐naphthols with 2‐[4‐(dimethylamino)‐2‐hydroxybenzoyl]benzoic acid, which leads to bent‐shaped benzorhodamines that emit orange fluorescence (≈600 nm); however, introduction of steric hindrance near the condensation site switched the regioselectivity, to provide a linear benzorhodamine system for the first time. The linear benzorhodamine derivatives provide bright fluorescence images in cells and in tissue. A carboxy‐benzorhodamine was applied for photothermal therapy of cancer cells and xenograft cancer mice.
Control of Absolute Stereochemistry in Transition‐Metal‐Catalysed Hydrogen‐Borrowing Reactions
Authors: Kwok Timothy , Hoff Oskar , Armstrong Roly J. , Donohoe Timothy J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHydrogen‐borrowing catalysis represents a powerful method for the alkylation of amine or enolate nucleophiles with non‐activated alcohols. This approach relies upon a catalyst that can mediate a strategic series of redox events, enabling the formation of C−C and C−N bonds and producing water as the sole by‐product. In the majority of cases these reactions have been employed to target achiral or racemic products. In contrast, the focus of this Minireview is upon hydrogen‐borrowing‐catalysed reactions in which the absolute stereochemical outcome of the process can be controlled. Asymmetric hydrogen‐borrowing catalysis is rapidly emerging as a powerful approach for the synthesis of enantioenriched amine and carbonyl containing products and examples involving both C−N and C−C bond formation are presented. A variety of different approaches are discussed including use of chiral auxiliaries, asymmetric catalysis and enantiospecific processes.
Single‐Atomic Catalysts Embedded on Nanocarbon Supports for High Energy Density Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Jian , Jia Lujie , Lin Hongzhen , Zhang Yuegang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries are among the most promising candidates for next‐generation energy‐storage systems due to its high theoretical energy density. However, the shuttle effect of polysulfides and sluggish reaction kinetics severely hinder the development of practical Li–S batteries. Merely depending on an adsorption strategy to resist the shuttle effect is insufficient to boost the overall electrochemical conversion reaction. Recently, single atom catalysts (SACs) have been used to solve this problem by decreasing the energy barriers of sulfur‐species interconversion and Li2S decomposition. Herein, the research progress made in using SACs in Li–S batteries is discussed, focusing on their functions and catalytic mechanism. The challenges and prospects for future application of SACs in electrochemical energy‐storage systems are also discussed.
Reducing systematic dome errors in digital elevation models through better UAV flight design
Authors: Sanz‐Ablanedo Enoc , Chandler Jim H. , Ballesteros‐Pérez Pablo , Rodríguez‐Pérez José Ramón 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is well established that digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and processed by structure from motion may contain important systematic vertical errors arising from limitations in camera geometry modelling. Even when significant, such ‘dome’‐shaped errors can often remain unnoticed unless specific checks are conducted. Previous methods used to reduce these errors have involved: the addition of convergent images to supplement traditional vertical datasets, the usage of a higher number of ground control points, precise direct georeferencing techniques (RTK/PPK) or more refined camera pre‐calibration. This study confirms that specific UAV flight designs can significantly reduce dome errors, particularly those that have a higher number of tie points connecting distant images, and hence contribute to a strengthened photogrammetric network. A total of 22 flight designs were tested, including vertical, convergent, point of interest (POI), multiscale and mixed imagery. Flights were carried out over a 300 × 70 m2 flat test field area, where 143 ground points were accurately established. Three different UAVs and two commercial software packages were trialled, totalling 396 different tests. POI flight designs generated the smallest systematic errors. In contrast, vertical flight designs suffered from larger dome errors; unfortunately, a configuration that is ubiquitous and most often used. By using the POI flight design, the accuracy of DEMs will improve without the need to use more ground control or expensive RTK/PPK systems. Over flat terrain, the improvement is especially important in self‐calibration projects without (or with just a few) ground control points. Some improvement will also be observed on those projects using camera pre‐calibration or with stronger ground control. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.