bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi Memuriyet Sınavları: Evrak Yöneticilerinde Aranan Özellikler
Authors: Yılmaz Şentürk Elif 
Published: August 2020

Belge yönetimi ve belge yöneticisi kavramları, Osmanlı Devleti’nde bu isimlerle anılmasalar da günümüzdeki kadar önemliydi. Osmanlı bürokrasisinde, mülâzım, evrak memuru, mübeyyiz gibi isimlerle görev yapan belge yöneticilerinin ileri düzeyde meslekî bilgi ve birikime sahip olmaları bekleniyordu. Örneğin, II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi’nde, yeni alınacak memurların yetkinliklerini sınamak amacıyla memuriyet sınavları yapılıyor, yetkin olmayanlar tespit edilip eleniyordu. Bu çalışmada, 1911 yılının Ağustos ayında yapılan bir memuriyet sınavının sorularıyla, sınava giren memur adaylarının cevapları, belge yönetimi açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Söz konusu sorular ve cevaplar ışığında bir asır önce belge yöneticilerinde aranan meslekî bilgi ve birikimin ne olduğu sorusunun cevabı aranmıştır.
Bu çalışma, Osmanlı Devleti’nde belge yöneticilerinde aranan nitelikleri bir sınav evrakı üzerinden ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada belgesel tarama yöntemi kullanılarak, Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi kataloğunda tespit edilen belgeler transkribe edilerek, elde edilen veriler belge yönetimi açısından analiz edilmiştir.
Investigating the Contract Welders Quality of Life and the Quality of Working Life Relationship in Anzaly City in 2014
Authors: Momeni Javane , Yahyaei Elham , Janizadeh Razieh , Pourbakhshi Yasaman , Elyasi Samira , Jahangir Boluorchian Mehdi 
Published: August 2020

Background: Today human resources are strategic parts of the organizations and are considered as intelligent and valuable assets. Human resources are the most valuable asset of organizations that face the major problem. Research has shown that working life and personal life have an interactive and exacerbate effect on each other. Based on the vast variety of harmful effects that endanger welders health it was tried to investigate the relationship between life quality and working life quality of contract welders in a shipbuilding factory in Bandar Anzali city.
Methods: In this analytical descriptive cross–a sectional study carried in 2014, 100 contract welders in the shipbuilding industry in Bandar Anzali was selected with the systematic method, and participated as contract welders. Data were collected with reliable and validated questionnaires include demographic information, life quality questionnaire (SF-36), and Walton life quality questionnaire (1975). Data were analyzed using SPSS18 software by using the Pearson correlation test.
Result: %84 of contract welders were very happy with their life quality, and %60 were satisfied with working life quality. There was a significant meaningful relationship between life quality and working life quality (P<= 0.00, r= 0.4). The overall living space variable from life quality had a significant meaningful relationship with life quality score changes (P <= 0.042, r= 0.342). There wasn’t any relationship between age, degree, and job experience with life quality and working life quality. But a single job or not having a second job had a significant meaningful relationship with life quality satisfaction and working life quality (P<= 0.023, r=0.262).
Conclusion: This study showed that there was a relationship between life quality and working life quality. Therefore improvement in either of these two can improve the other one and also help the health promotion of welders.
Advances in Glenoid Design in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Trivedi Nikunj N. , Shimberg Jilan L. , Sivasundaram Lakshmanan , Mengers Sunita , Salata Michael J. , Voos James E. , Gillespie Robert J. 
Published: August 2020

➢ Rotator cuff imbalance, soft-tissue and capsular repair defects, and improper component sizing, positioning, and orientation can result in a high-stress environment at the periphery of the glenoid component-bone interface.➢ The optimal position and orientation of the glenoid for a given individual is currently unknown.➢ There have been advancements in glenoid design, with the advent of contemporary metal-backed and hybrid components, but their long-term efficacy has not been proven. Inset glenoid components have shown promising short- and mid-term results.➢ The augmented glenoid, which has shown satisfactory short-term results in the setting of posterior glenoid loss, is a potential option for glenoid bone loss that is too severe for eccentric reaming. It may be technically easier than bone-grafting, does not require union, and is not at risk of collapse or bone graft resorption.➢ Advances in surgical technique, including patient-specific instrumentation, may provide additional accuracy, especially in dysplastic and eccentrically worn glenoids; however, evidence for clinical benefit is still lacking.
Creating a Value Dashboard for Orthopaedic Surgical Procedures
Authors: Reilly Clifford A. , Doughty Hayden P. , Werth Paul M. , Rockwell Connor W. , Sparks Michael B. , Jevsevar David S. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Value-based health-care delivery is a framework for restructuring our health-care systems with the goal of providing better outcomes for patients at lower cost. Value is determined by patient health outcomes per dollar spent on health services. We sought to develop a value dashboard that could be used to easily track and improve the value of total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA).

Methods:
We created a value dashboard for TKAs and THAs at our institution. Value was defined as quality of outcomes per dollar spent. The dashboard for each procedure displayed the average value by surgeon, compared with institutional averages for physical function scores and cost. Quality metrics were determined by weighted surgeon ranking using a modified Delphi process and included both clinical and patient-reported outcomes, as measured by the mean change in the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global-10 (PROMIS-10) physical function score, mean change in the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Joint Replacement (HOOS-JR) or the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Joint Replacement (KOOS-JR), mean change in the modified Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score, complication rate, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rate, and 30-day readmission rate. Average direct costs per surgeon were used. Data from January 2017 through April 2018 were included to ensure 1-year follow-up.

Results:
Six surgeons were included in the value dashboard for TKA, and 5 were included in the THA dashboard. The value for TKA by surgeon ranged from 7% below to 12% above the institutional benchmark. The value for THA by surgeon ranged from 12% below to 7% above the institutional benchmark.

Conclusions:
The proposed dashboard utilizes value in a health-care framework and could be used for comparing and improving value for THA and TKA. This dashboard successfully combined patient outcome metrics and direct costs of surgical procedures. Future studies should focus on involving patients in this process and using national data to create benchmarks, which could provide a more accurate representation of value than using institutional averages.
Worse treatment response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in young patients with locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Yiyi , Yan Liangliang , Wu Yong , Xu Meifang , Liu Xing , Guan Guoxian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the impact of age on the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).Method: LARC patients undergoing NCRT and radical surgery from 2011 to 2018 were divided into young (<40 years) and old (≥40 years) groups. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for pathological complete response (pCR). Predictive nomograms and decision curve analysis were used to compare the models including/excluding age groups. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect CD133 expression in LARC patients.Result: A total of 901 LARC patients were analyzed. The young group was associated with poorly differentiated tumors, more metastatic lymph nodes, higher perineural invasion, and a lower tumor regression grade (P = 0.008; P < 0.001; P < 0.001; P = 0.003). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age <40 years (HR = 2.190, P = 0.044), tumor size (HR = 0.538, P < 0.001), pre-NCRT cN stage (HR = 0.570, P = 0.036), and post-NCRT CEA level (HR = 0.877, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with pCR. Predictive nomograms and decision curve analysis demonstrated that the predictive ability of models including the age group was superior to that of models excluding the age group. Higher CD133 expression was more common in young LARC patients.Conclusion: Young patients with LARC were associated with lower pCR rates following NCRT. The ability of the predictive model was greater when based on the age group. Young LARC patients were associated with a higher CD133+ tumor stem cell burden, which contributed to the lower pCR rates.
Fabrication of Electronically integrated, mass-manufactured, microscopic robots
Authors: Miskin Marc Z. , Cortese Alejandro J. , Dorsey Kyle , Esposito Edward P. , Reynolds Michael F. , Liu Qingkun , Cao Michael , Muller David A. , McEuen Paul L. , Cohen Itai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We have developed a fabrication process that can be used to build millions of microscopic, electronically-integrated robots. Our procedure includes steps for building silicon microelectronics, building components for actuation, encapsulation steps, and a process for releasing the robots into aqueous environments. Each step is carried out massively in parallel, allowing us to build over a million robots on a single 4-inch wafer. Broadly, the new actuators and fabrication protocols presented here offer a generic platform and can be used to make a wide range of silicon-based, functional robotic systems that are too small to be resolved by the naked eye.
MicroRNA bta-miR-365-3p inhibits proliferation but promotes differentiation of primary bovine myoblasts by targeting the activin A receptor type I
Authors: Hao Dan , Wang Xiaogang , Wang Xiao , Thomsen Bo , Yang Yu , Lan Xianyong , Huang Yongzhen , Chen Hong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs act as post-transcriptional regulators that repress translation or degrades mRNA transcripts. Each microRNA has many mRNA targets and each mRNA may be targeted by several microRNAs. Skeletal muscles express a plethora of microRNA genes that regulate muscle development and function by controlling the expression of protein-coding target genes. To expand our understanding of the role of microRNA, specifically bta-miR-365-3p, in muscle biology, we studied its function in regulating primary bovine myoblast proliferation and differentiation.Results: We first show that bta-miR-365-3p is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle and heart tissue in Chinese Qinchuan beef cattle. Quantitative PCR and western blotting showed that overexpression of bta-miR-365-3p significantly reduced the levels of cyclinD1 (CCND1), cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) but stimulated the expression of muscle differentiation markers MYOD1, MYOG, both at mRNA and protein level. Moreover, downregulation of bta-miR-365-3p increased the expression of CCND1, CDK2 and PCNA but decreased the expression of MYOD1 and MYOG at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, flow cytometry, EdU proliferation assays and immunostaining showed that increased levels of bta-miR-365-3p suppressed cell proliferation but promoted myotube formation, whereas a decreased level of bta-miR-365-3p had opposite consequences. Finally, we determined that activin A receptor type I (ACVR1) is a direct target of bta-miR-365-3p. Thus, dual luciferase gene reporter assays demonstrated that bta-miR-365-3p can bind to the 3'UTR of ACVR1 gene to regulate its expression. Consistently, knock-down of ACVR1 was associated with reduced CDK2, CCND1 and PCNA expression but increased MYOG and MYOD1 expression both at mRNA and protein level.Conclusion: Collectively these data suggest that bta-miR-365-3p represses proliferation but promotes differentiation of bovine myoblasts through a mechanism involving downregulation of ACVR1.
Characterization of a rhodanese homologue from Haemonchus contortus and its immune-modulatory effects on goat immune cells in vitro
Authors: Wang Yujian , Ehsan Muhammad , Huang Jianmei , Aimulajiang Kalibixiati , Yan RuoFeng , Song XiaoKai , Xu LiXin , Li Xiangrui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Modulation of the host immune response by nematode parasites has been widely reported. Rhodaneses (thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferases) are present in a wide range of organisms, such as archaea, bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Previously, it was reported that a rhodanese homologue could be bound by goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vivo.Methods: In the present study, we cloned and produced a recombinant rhodanese protein originating from Haemonchus contortus (rHCRD), a parasitic nematode of small ruminants. rHCRD was co-incubated with goat PBMCs to assess its immunomodulatory effects on proliferation, apoptosis and cytokine secretion.Results: We verified that the natural HCRD protein localized predominantly to the bowel wall and body surface of the parasite. We further demonstrated that serum produced by goats artificially infected with H. contortus successfully recognized rHCRD, which bound to goat PBMCs. rHCRD suppressed proliferation of goat PBMCs stimulated by concanavalin A but did not induce apoptosis in goat PBMCs. The production of TNF-α and IFN-γ decreased significantly, whereas secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β1 increased, in goat PBMCs after exposure to rHCRD. rHCRD also inhibited phagocytosis by goat monocytes. Moreover, rHCRD downregulated the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II on goat monocytes in a dose-dependent manner, but did not alter MHC-I expression.Conclusions: These results propose a possible immunomodulatory target that may help illuminate the interactions between parasites and their hosts at the molecular level and reveal innovative protein species as candidate drug and vaccine targets.
­­The Combined Outcomes of the COVID-19 Pandemic and a Collapsing Economy on&nbsp;Mental Well-Being: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sacre Hala , Hajj Aline , Badro Danielle A , Selwan Carla Abou , Aoun Randa , Salameh Pascale 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: To examine the outcomes of COVID-19 and a collapsing economy on mental well-being (MWB) of the general Lebanese population.Design/methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 502 adults in May 2020.Results: MWB had a mean of 14.80. Female gender, university education, fear of COVID-19, fear of poverty, verbal violence at home, and chronic disease were associated with lower MWB. Better family satisfaction and financial situation were correlated with better MWB. Among workers/looking for a job: physical exercise was associated with better MWB, while previous waterpipe smoking, being self-employed before the crisis, working from home, closure of the institution, and worrying about long-term effects of the crisis on employment status were associated lower MWB. The fear of COVID-19 was not associated with MWB.Practical Implications: The Lebanese government should implement a reliable crisis management strategy that outlines stabilization and recovery measures to help people navigate through this period with minimal impact on mental, physical, and overall quality of life.
Evaluation of three-dimensional acromiohumeral distance in the standing position and comparison with its conventional measuring methods
Authors: Yoshida Yuki , Matsumura Noboru , Yamada Yoshitake , Yamada Minoru , Yokoyama Yoichi , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Nagura Takeo , Jinzaki Masahiro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Narrowing of the acromiohumeral distance (AHD) implies a rotator cuff tear. However, conventional AHD measurements using two-dimensional (2D) imaging or with the patient in the supine position might differ from that while standing during daily activity. This study aimed to evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) actual distance between the acromion and humeral head in the standing position and compare the AHD values with those obtained using conventional measuring methods.Methods: Computed tomography (CT) images of 166 shoulders from 83 healthy volunteers (31 male and 52 female; mean age 40.1 ± 5.8 years; age range, 30–49 years) were prospectively acquired in the supine and standing positions using conventional and upright CT scanners, respectively. The minimum distance between the acromion and humeral head on the 3D surface models was considered as the 3D AHD. We measured the 2D AHD on anteroposterior digitally reconstructed radiographs. The AHD values were compared between the supine and standing positions and between the 2D and 3D measurements.Results: The mean values of 2D AHD were 8.8 ± 1.3 mm (range, 5.9–15.4 mm) in the standing position and 8.1 ± 1.2 mm (range, 5.3–14.3 mm) in the supine position. The mean values of 3D AHD were 7.3 ± 1.4 mm (range, 4.7–14.0 mm) in the standing position and 6.6 ± 1.2 mm (range, 4.4–13.7 mm) in the supine position. The values of 3D AHD were significantly lower than those of 2D AHDs in both the standing and supine positions (P < 0.001). The values of 2D and 3D AHDs were significantly lower in the supine position than in the standing position (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study evaluated the 3D AHD of normal shoulders in the standing position using an upright CT scanner. The present results indicated that assessments in the supine position can underestimate the value of the AHD compared with those made in the standing position and that assessments using 2D analysis can overestimate the value.
EML4-ALK induces cellular senescence in mortal normal human cells and promotes anchorage-independent growth in hTERT-transduced normal human cells
Authors: Miyanaga Akihiko , Matsumoto Masaru , Beck Jessica A. , Horikawa Izumi , Oike Takahiro , Okayama Hirokazu , Tanaka Hiromi , Burkett Sandra S. , Robles Ana I. , Khan Mohammed , Lissa Delphine , Seike Masahiro , Gemma Akihiko , Mano Hiroyuki , Harris Curtis C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Chromosomal inversions involving anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 (EML4) generate a fusion protein EML4-ALK in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The understanding of EML4-ALK function can be improved by a functional study using normal human cells.Methods: Here we for the first time conduct such study to examine the effects of EML4-ALK on cell proliferation, cellular senescence, DNA damage, gene expression profiles and transformed phenotypes.Results: The lentiviral expression of EML4-ALK in mortal, normal human fibroblasts caused, through its constitutive ALK kinase activity, an early induction of cellular senescence with accumulated DNA damage, upregulation of p16INK4A and p21WAF1, and senescence-associated b-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. In contrast, when EML4-ALK was expressed in normal human fibroblasts transduced with telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), which is activated in the vast majority of NSCLC, the cells showed accelerated proliferation and acquired anchorage-independent growth ability in soft-agar medium, without accumulated DNA damage, chromosome aberration, nor p53 mutation. EML4-ALK induced the phosphorylation of STAT3 in both mortal and hTERT-transduced cells, but RNA sequencing analysis suggested that the different signaling pathways contributed to the different phenotypic outcomes in these cells. While EML4-ALK also induced anchorage-independent growth in hTERT-immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro, the expression of EML4-ALK alone did not cause detectable in vivo tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice.Conclusions: Our data indicate that the expression of hTERT is critical for EML4-ALK to manifest its in vitro transforming activity in human cells. This study provides the isogenic pairs of human cells with and without EML4-ALK expression.
Temporal genetic variation and dispersal patterns of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in three different climatic regions of China
Authors: Gao Jian , Zhang Hengduan , Guo Xiaoxia , Xing Dan , Dong YanDe , Lan CeJie , Wang Ge , Li ChaoJie , Li ChunXiao , Zhao TongYan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:Aedes albopictus is an indigenous primary vector for Dengue and Zika viruses in China. Compared with its insecticide resistance, biology, and vector competence, little is known about its genetic variation, which corresponds to environmental variations. Thus, the present study examines how Ae. albopictus varies among different climatic regions in China and deciphers its potential dispersal patterns.Methods:The genetic variation and population structure of 17 Ae. albopictus populations collected from three climatic regions of China were investigated with 11 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial COI gene.Results:Of 44 isolated microsatellite markers, 11 pairs were chosen for genotyping analysis and had an average PIC value of 0.713, representing high polymorphism. The number of alleles was high in each population, with the ne value increasing from the temperate region (3.876) to the tropical region (4.144). Twenty-five COI haplotypes were detected, and the highest diversity was observed in the tropical region. The mean Ho value (ca. 0.557) of all the regions was significantly lower than the mean He value (ca. 0.684), with nearly all populations significantly departing from HWE and displaying significant population expansion (p-value < 0.05). Two genetically isolated groups and three haplotype clades were evaluated via STRUCTURE and haplotype phylogenetic analyses, and the tropical populations were significantly isolated from those in the other regions. Most genetic variation in Ae. albopictus was detected within populations and individuals at 31.40% and 63.04%, respectively, via the AMOVA test, and a relatively significant positive correlation was observed among only the temperate populations via IBD analysis (R2 = 0.6614, p = 0.048). Recent dispersions were observed among different Ae. albopictus populations, and four major migration trends with high gene flow (Nm>0.4) were reconstructed between the tropical region and the other two regions. Environmental factors, especially temperature and rainfall, may be the leading causes of genetic diversity in different climatic regions.Conclusions:Continuous dispersion contributes to the similarity of Ae. albopictus populations across different climatic regions, and environmental factors, especially temperature and rainfall, may be the leading causes of genetic variation.