bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KI‑Compliance aus Betreibersicht
Authors: Dubovitskaya Elena 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
KI wird zunehmend Teil des unternehmerischen Alltags. In der Folge wird auch die Verflechtung zwischen Recht und KI immer enger; die neue KI‑Verordnung (KI‑VO) wird diese Entwicklung deutlich beschleunigen. Die Verordnung richtet sich primär an die Entwickler von KI‑Systemen („Anbieter“), erfasst jedoch auch die Betreiber, also Unternehmen, die ein fremdentwickeltes KI‑System in eigener Verantwortung nutzen. Welche Vorschriften der Verordnung sind für die Betreiber relevant? Welche anderen nationalen und europäischen Rechtsnormen sind beim Betrieb von KI‑Anwendungen zu beachten? Die Antwort kann je nach Branche (Bank- und Versicherungswesen, sonstige Dienstleistungen, Industrie, Warenhandel, Gesundheitswesen usw.) sehr unterschiedlich ausfallen. Es gibt jedoch einige allgemeine Anforderungen, die branchenübergreifend gelten. Dazu gehören neben den betreiberbezogenen Anforderungen der KI‑VO auch Vorgaben zur Erklärbarkeit von KI‑Entscheidungen unter bestimmten Umständen. Diesen beiden Themen - Betreiberpflichten nach KI‑VO und Erklärbarkeit - widmet sich der nachfolgende Beitrag, der abschließend auch kurz auf den Einsatz von KI in der Produktion eingeht.
Australian Mandatory AI Guardrails Proposed: — Drawing from the Canadian and European Experience
Authors: Zhang Jason 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article explores the key features of the recently introduced Mandatory Guardrails for regulating high-risk AI in Australia, including the scope of the Mandatory Guardrails, who will be required to comply with the Mandatory Guardrails and how the Mandatory Guardrails grapple with the definition of high-risk AI.
Data Access under the Data Act — A practical guidance to more clarity and compliance demonstrated in three practice-oriented scenarios
Authors: Frank Christian , Imhoff Julia von 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article focus primarily on the different data concepts and the resulting implications for the scope and extent of the associated obligations. First, the underlying system of Chapter II of the Data Act (I.) and its various data concepts (II.) are presented and both are then illustrated per three practical examples (III.): (i) connected car, (ii) connected field sprayer, and (iii) connected robotic system in plant engineering. Particular attention is paid to the resulting obligations and their impact on companies. By clarifying the different definitions of terms, it is shown how companies can design their compliance strategies as efficiently as possible to meet the new legal requirements and at the same time maintain their competitiveness. Targeted recommendations for action for companies that are still in the initial phase of dealing with the Data Act are provided in the form of a scoping guide (IV.).
Yes, This Is A Puff Piece? A Comparative Analysis of the Vendor Defences of Puffery, Statements of Future Intent and Disclaimers – Part 2 — How far does the divergence between promised and actual capabilities of an ERP implementation stretch?
Authors: Beardwood John 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
One of the common themes among various failed ERP implementations and outsourcing transactions is the divergence between the representations made by technology vendor sales teams as to promised skills, expertise and delivery, and the actually provided skills, expertise and delivery. Part 1 (Beardwood, CRi 2024, 85) began by providing an overview of the law of misrepresentation, and then the common vendor defences of puffery and opinion, statements of future intent, and contractual disclaimers, in Canada (I) and the United States (II). Part 2 continues by providing an overview of the law of misrepresentation, and then the common vendor defences of puffery and opinion, statements of future intent, and contractual disclaimers, in the European Union (III). The analysis then assesses how these defences were raised by vendors in two recent ERP failure lawsuits (IV), before concluding with lessons learned for vendors and customers (V).
Die eigentümliche Beschränkung der freien Arztwahl in der PKV — Eine kritische Betrachtung des § 4 Abs. 2 S. 1 MB/KK
Authors: Prütting Jens 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Darf es für privat versicherte Patientinnen und Patienten einen Unterschied ergeben, in welcher der gesetzlich zulässigen Rechtsformen ärztliche Leistungserbringer ihnen gegenübertreten? Wird der durchschnittliche Patient auf die Rechtsform seiner Praxis achten? Nach Auffassung manch privater Krankenkasse sollen diese Fragen mit Blick auf § 4 Abs. 2 S. 1 MB/KK im Fall der ärztlichen Kapitalgesellschaft tatsächlich vollauf über die Ersatzfähigkeit ärztlicher Leistungen entscheiden. Dem tritt der nachfolgenden Beitrag entschieden entgegen und zeigt zugleich auf, dass die bisherige Rechtsprechung, welche die Vorschrift AGB-rechtlich für akzeptabel erachtet hatte, kaum nachvollziehbar erscheint. Jedenfalls vor dem Hintergrund jüngerer Änderungen im Recht muss nunmehr anders entschieden werden.
Die Beweiserleichterungen des § 287 ZPO — Zugleich eine Besprechung zu BGH v. 30.7.2024 – VI ZR 122/23, MDR 2024, 1442
Authors: Laumen Hans-Willi 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Vorschrift des § 286 Abs. 1 ZPO enthält mit dem „Beweis zur vollen Überzeugung des Gerichts“ strenge Anforderungen an den Anspruchssteller. Gerade der Beweis für die Entstehung und die Höhe eines Schadens kann zu erheblichen Problemen führen. Die Beweiserleichterungen in § 287 ZPO sollen dem entgegenwirken. Mit seiner Entscheidung v. 30.7.2024 - VI ZR 122/23, MDR 2024, 1442 hat sich der BGH mit der Behauptungslast im Rahmen des § 287 ZPO befasst. Der folgende Beitrag setzt sich mit dieser Entscheidung auseinander und widmet sich auch den sonstigen Beweiserleichterungen des § 287 ZPO.
Synthesis of Isoquinoline Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H/C−N Bond Activation of N‐Acyl Hydrazones with α‐Substituted Vinyl Azides
Authors: Nie Biao , Wu Wanqing , Zeng Wei , Ren Qingyun , Zhang Ji , Zhang Yingjun , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed cyclization of N‐acetyl hydrazones with vinyl azides has been developed. Various substituted isoquinolines, including diverse fused isoquinolines can be prepared via this protocol in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that α‐substituted vinyl azide serves as an internal nitrogen source. Also, C−H bond activation and C−N bond cleavage have been realized using hydrazone as directing group.magnified image
Three new patients with Steel syndrome and a Puerto Rican specific COL27A1 mutation
Authors: Amlie‐Wolf Louise , Moyer‐Harasink Sue , Carr Ann‐Marie , Giampietro Philip , Schneider Adele , Simon Mitchell 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSteel syndrome was initially described by H. H. Steel in 1993 in Puerto Rico, at which time he described the clinical findings required for diagnosis. The responsible gene, COL27A1, was identified in 2015 (Gonzaga‐Jauregui et al., European Journal of Human Genetics, 2015;23:342–346). Eleven patients have previously been described with Steel syndrome and homozygous COL27A1 mutations, with eight having an apparent founder mutation, p.Gly697Arg. We describe three more patients identified at Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia and St. Christopher's Hospital for Children (Philadelphia, PA) diagnosed with Steel syndrome. All three are of Puerto Rican ancestry with the previously described founder mutation and had either hip dislocations or hip dysplasia. Radial head dislocation was only identified in one patient while short stature and scoliosis were noted in two of these patients. There are now 51 patients in the literature with Steel syndrome, including the 3 patients in this article, and 14 patients with a genetically confirmed Steel syndrome diagnosis.
Hydrogen Bond Assisted l to d Conversion of α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Fu Rui , So Soon Mog , Lough Alan J. , Chin Jik 
Published: January 2020

Abstractl to d conversion of unactivated α‐amino acids was achieved by solubility‐induced diastereomer transformation (SIDT). Ternary complexes of an α‐amino acid with 3,5‐dichlorosalicylaldehyde and a chiral guanidine (derived from corresponding chiral vicinal diamine) were obtained in good yield as diastereomerically pure imino acid salt complexes and were hydrolysed to obtain enantiopure α‐amino acids. A combination of DFT computation, NMR spectroscopy, and crystal structure provide detailed insight into how two types of strong hydrogen bonds assist in rapid epimerization of the complexes that is essential for SIDT.
Catalytic Cracking of Rapeseed Oil with Binary Oxide Systems: An Alternative to Production of Petrochemicals
Authors: Przekop Robert E. , Osinska‐Broniarz Monika , Martyła Agnieszka , Sztorch Bogna , Stodolny Mikołaj , Kirszensztejn Piotr , Szymański Marcin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work is to evaluate analytical tools for fast assessment of the catalysts’ ability to conduct a catalytic cracking process with the use of vegetable oils. The practical context of the presented concept relates to the use of cracking reaction products as valuable chemical raw materials. The proposed analytical tools allow for quick assessment of reaction products, indication of the molecular weight range, or the presence of specific functional groups. We want to emphasize that vegetable oils can not only be raw products for biofuels but also an alternative to petrochemicals. The study was undertaken to determine the influence of acid–base properties of catalysts on the rapeseed oil conversion process at 500°C. The effect of these properties on the character of the process and quality of the products obtained was shown to be very high. Basic correlations between the formation of coke, gaseous products and dehydrogenation products, and acid–base parameters of the individual catalysts have been observed. The use of spectroscopic methods (FTIR ‐ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, 1H NMR ‐ Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) for fast qualitative analysis of the products is described.
Synthesis and characterization of novel hyperbranched fluorescent polymers that can be precisely used for metal ion detection and quantification
Authors: Tang Tengxuan , Guo Wenbo , Xu Ying , Xu Dongmei 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTFour novel hyperbranched polymers with 4 or 5 ring‐closed rhodamine units in each were achieved through RAFT polymerization followed by modification with rhodamine moieties. The solubility, thermostability, and photophysical properties of the polymers were studied. The polymers showed high selectivity and sensitivity to Fe3+ among various metal ions in CH3CN/H2O (75/25, v/v) and could signal Fe3+ through multichannels: emerging a new absorption around 558 nm, over 30 nm fluorescence redshift and significant fluorescence enhancement (including 33–37 folds in intensity and 8.3–12.8 folds in quantum yield), accompanied by visual and fluorescent color changes. The polymers could be applied in the analysis of Fe3+ in real water samples. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48933.
Associations Between Radiographic and Ultrasound‐Detected Features in Hand Osteoarthritis and Local Pressure Pain Thresholds
Authors: Steen Pettersen Pernille , Neogi Tuhina , Magnusson Karin , Hammer Hilde Berner , Uhlig Till , Kvien Tore K. , Haugen Ida K. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivePain sensitization contributes to the complex osteoarthritis (OA) pain experience. The relationship between imaging features of hand OA and clinically assessed pain sensitization is largely unexplored. This study was undertaken to examine the association of structural and inflammatory features of hand OA with local pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) in the Nor‐Hand study.MethodsThe cross‐sectional relationship of severity of structural radiographic features of hand OA (measured according to the Kellgren/Lawrence scale [grade 0–4] and the absence or presence of erosive joint disease) as well as ultrasound‐detected hand joint inflammation (assessed by gray‐scale synovitis [grade 0–3] and the absence or presence of power Doppler activity) to the PPTs of 2 finger joints was examined by multilevel regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index, using beta values with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsA total of 570 joints in 285 participants included in the Nor‐Hand study were assessed. Greater structural and inflammatory severity was associated with lower PPTs, with adjusted beta values of −0.5 (95% CI −0.6, −0.4) per Kellgren/Lawrence grade increase, −1.4 (95% CI −1.8, −0.9) for erosive versus non‐erosive joints, −0.7 (95% CI −0.9, −0.6) per gray‐scale synovitis grade increase, and −1.5 (95% CI −1.8, −1.1) for joints with power Doppler activity on ultrasound versus those without.ConclusionGreater severity of structural pathologic features and hand joint inflammation was associated with lower PPTs in the finger joints of patients with hand OA, indicating pain sensitization. Our results indicate that pain sensitization might be driven by structural and inflammatory pathology in hand OA.
Inhibition of Ligand Binding Ability of Three Porphyrins by an Organic Effector
Authors: Nishimura Tomoaki , Sasaki Yoshito , Tachi Yoshimitsu , Suzuki Shuichi , Okada Keiji , Kozaki Masatoshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA stimulus‐responsive receptor 1 was designed and prepared to control the ligand‐binding ability of three active sites, two zinc tetraphenylporphyrin units (P1) and one zinc diethynyldiphenylporphyrin unit (P2), with one effector molecule 2. Bulky hexarylbenzene units were incorporated as shielding panels in the middle of the flexible side arms of 1. Spectroscopic titrations indicated that a stable supramolecular complex 1⋅2 (K1⋅2=6.7×106 m−1) was produced by the cooperative formation of multiple hydrogen and coordination bonds. As a result, the binding of a ligand to P1 was inhibited by 2 in a competitive manner. Additionally, the formation of 1⋅2 brought about conformational restriction of the side arms to cover both faces of P2 with the shielding panels. The binding constant of 4‐phenylpyridine with P2 in 1⋅2 decreased to 8.9 % of that in 1. Namely, the ligand‐binding ability of P2 was inhibited according to an allosteric mechanism.
Reasons or rationalizations: The role of principles in the moral dumbfounding paradigm
Authors: McHugh Cillian , McGann Marek , Igou Eric R. , Kinsella Elaine L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMoral dumbfounding occurs when people maintain a moral judgment even though they cannot provide reasons for it. Recently, questions have been raised about whether dumbfounding is a real phenomenon. Two reasons have been proposed as guiding the judgments of dumbfounded participants: harm‐based reasons (believing an action may cause harm) or norm‐based reasons (breaking a moral norm is inherently wrong). Participants in that research (see Royzman, Kim, & Leeman, 2015), who endorsed either reason were excluded from analysis, and instances of moral dumbfounding seemingly reduced to non‐significance. We argue that endorsing a reason is not sufficient evidence that a judgment is grounded in that reason. Stronger evidence should additionally account for (a) articulating a given reason and (b) consistently applying the reason in different situations. Building on this, we develop revised exclusion criteria across three studies. Study 1 included an open‐ended response option immediately after the presentation of a moral scenario. Responses were coded for mention of harm‐based or norm‐based reasons. Participants were excluded from analysis if they both articulated and endorsed a given reason. Using these revised criteria for exclusion, we found evidence for dumbfounding, as measured by the selecting of an admission of not having reasons. Studies 2 and 3 included a further three questions relating to harm‐based reasons specifically, assessing the consistency with which people apply harm‐based reasons across differing contexts. As predicted, few participants consistently applied, articulated, and endorsed harm‐based reasons, and evidence for dumbfounding was found.
Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on lipid droplet growth in adipocytes
Authors: Xiang Wei , Cheng Shi , Zhou Yong , Ma Ling 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on lipid droplet (LD) growth in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes of hypertrophy model. Cocktail method was used to induce differentiation in 3T3‐L1 cells. After 8 days, the cells were modeled by 100, 300, 600, and 900 μM palmitic acid (PA) for 24 hr. The best concentration of modeling was screened by MTT results and triglycerides (TG) content. The model cells were intervened by 1, 10, and 100 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 for 24 hr. Then, the TG content of cells were detected and stained by oil red O. The diameter and quantity of LDs were analyzed. mRNA relative expression levels of genes related to LD (CIDE‐a, Fsp27, PLIN‐1), upstream response factor (PPAR‐α, PPAR‐γ, and VDR), and TG metabolism (long chain acyl‐CoA synthetase 3, 1‐acylglycerol‐3‐phosphate O‐acyltransferase 1, adipose triglyceride lipase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2, glycerol‐3‐phosphate O‐acyltransferase 3, glycerol‐3‐phosphate O‐acyltransferase 4, hormone‐sensitive lipase, mannosyl (alpha‐1,3‐)‐glycoprotein beta‐1,2‐N‐acetyl glucosaminyl transferase, phosphatidic acid phosphatase, and uncoupling protein‐1) were detected by RT‐qPCR. A total of 300 μM PA was selected as the optimum concentration. Compared with model group, 10 and 100 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased the average diameter, increased the quantity of LDs, upregulated PPAR‐α and PLIN‐1 mRNA expression levels, and downregulated CIDE‐a and Fsp27 mRNA expression levels significantly (p < .05). However, 1 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 did not alter LD morphology and TG content. mRNA expression levels of long chain acyl‐CoA synthetase 3, 1‐acylglycerol‐3‐phosphate O‐acyltransferase 1, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2, glycerol‐3‐phosphate O‐acyltransferase 3, and glycerol‐3‐phosphate O‐acyltransferase 4 in 10 and 100 nM groups were significantly lower than those in the model group (p < .05); mRNA expression levels of adipose triglyceride lipase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, hormone‐sensitive lipase, mannosyl (alpha‐1,3‐)‐glycoprotein beta‐1,2‐N‐acetyl glucosaminyl transferase, phosphatidic acid phosphatase, and uncoupling protein‐1 were significantly increased in the 100 nM group (p < .05). The 10 and 100 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 can inhibit LD fusion, promote LD decomposition, reduce LD volume, and inhibit lipogenesis through the PPAR‐α signaling pathway.
Ghost Cells for Mechanical Circulatory Support In Vitro Testing: A Novel Large Volume Production
Authors: Schöps Malte , Clauser Johanna C. , Menne Matthias F. , Faßbänder Dennis , Schmitz‐Rode Thomas , Steinseifer Ulrich , Arens Jutta 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work is to establish a large volume batch production system to produce sufficient volumes of ghost cells to facilitate hemolysis testing of mechanical circulatory support devices. A volume of more than 405 mL with a hematocrit of at least 28% is required to perform in vitro hemolysis testing of mechanical circulatory support devices according to international standards. The established ghost cell production method performed at the institute is limited to 3.1 mL of concentrated cells, that is, cells with 100% hematocrit, due to predominantly manual process steps. Through semi‐automation of the existing method by using the large volume batch production system, productivity is increased 60‐fold to 188 mL while almost doubling process efficiency to 23.5%. Time‐consuming manual work such as pipetting is now supported by sensor‐based process engineering. With the help of the large volume batch production system, the objective of producing large quantities of ghost cells is successfully achieved. Thus, this work lays the foundation for spatially resolved hemolysis evaluation of mechanical circulatory support devices in combination with the small‐scale fluorescent hemolysis detection method.
Variation in global uptake of the Surgical Safety Checklist
Authors: Delisle M , Pradarelli J C , Panda N , Koritsanszky L , Sonnay Y , Lipsitz S , Pearse R , Harrison E M , Biccard B , Weiser T G , Haynes A B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) is a patient safety tool shown to reduce mortality and to improve teamwork and adherence with perioperative safety practices. The results of the original pilot work were published 10 years ago. This study aimed to determine the contemporary prevalence and predictors of SSC use globally.

Methods
Pooled data from the GlobalSurg and Surgical Outcomes studies were analysed to describe SSC use in 2014–2016. The primary exposure was the Human Development Index (HDI) of the reporting country, and the primary outcome was reported SSC use. A generalized estimating equation, clustering by facility, was used to determine differences in SSC use by patient, facility and national characteristics.

Results
A total of 85 957 patients from 1464 facilities in 94 countries were included. On average, facilities used the SSC in 75·4 per cent of operations. Compared with very high HDI, SSC use was less in low HDI countries (odds ratio (OR) 0·08, 95 per cent c.i. 0·05 to 0·12). The SSC was used less in urgent compared with elective operations in low HDI countries (OR 0·68, 0·53 to 0·86), but used equally for urgent and elective operations in very high HDI countries (OR 0·96, 0·87 to 1·06). SSC use was lower for obstetrics and gynaecology versus abdominal surgery (OR 0·91, 0·85 to 0·98) and where the common or official language was not one of the WHO official languages (OR 0·30, 0·23 to 0·39).

Conclusion
Worldwide, SSC use is generally high, but significant variability exists. Implementation and dissemination strategies must be developed to address this variability.
Randomized clinical trial of intraoperative dexmedetomidine to prevent delirium in the elderly undergoing major non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Li C-J , Wang B-J , Mu D-L , Hu J , Guo C , Li X-Y , Ma D , Wang D-X 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDelirium is common in elderly patients after surgery and is associated with poor outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on the incidence of delirium in elderly patients undergoing major surgery.MethodsThis was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Elderly patients (aged 60 years or more) scheduled to undergo major non-cardiac surgery were randomized into two groups. Patients in the intervention group received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 0·6 μg/kg 10 min before induction of anaesthesia followed by a continuous infusion (0·5 μg per kg per h) until 1 h before the end of surgery. Patients in the control group received volume-matched normal saline in the same schedule. The primary outcome was the incidence of delirium during the first 5 days after surgery. Delirium was assessed with the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) for non-ventilated patients and CAM for the Intensive Care Unit for ventilated patients.ResultsIn total, 309 patients who received dexmedetomidine and 310 control patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The incidence of delirium within 5 days of surgery was lower with dexmedetomidine treatment: 5·5 per cent (17 of 309) versus 10·3 per cent (32 of 310) in the control group (relative risk (RR) 0·53, 95 per cent c.i. 0·30 to 0·94; P = 0·026). The overall incidence of complications at 30 days was also lower after dexmedetomidine (19·4 per cent (60 of 309) versus 26·1 per cent (81 of 310) for controls; RR 0·74, 0·55 to 0·99, P = 0·047).ConclusionIntraoperative dexmedetomidine halved the risk of delirium in the elderly after major non-cardiac surgery. Registration number: ChiCTR-IPR-15007654 (www.chictr.org.cn).