bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilidad de Pruebas de cadena de polimerasa, pruebas rápidas y Tomografías en pacientes con Covid-19
Authors: Meza Calvache Johanna Mercedes , Estrada Rodríguez Alex Daniel , Chabusa Chabusa Carlos Bismark , Velasco Paucar Victor Alfonso 
Published: July 2020

En la actualidad existe un sinnúmero de métodos diagnósticos para Covid-19 desde pruebas para la detección de virus algunos con ventajas sobre la sensibilidad, especificidad y otros con desventajas sobre costos, infraestructura, personal sanitario capacitado para aplicarlos, si bien el procedimiento de elección es una técnica molecular de detección y amplificación de ácidos nucleicos o material genético como el RT-PCR, también es necesario disponer de pruebas rápidas, simples e idealmente con alta sensibilidad y precisión que se puedan realizar a gran escala para brindar un diagnóstico precoz, realizar un mejor manejo clínico, epidemiológico de los pacientes. No obstante todas tienen sus limitaciones por esto es importante evaluar el rendimiento de las pruebas ya existentes, calificar cuál de estas es la mejor opción diagnóstica en base al análisis de los estudios públicados y de acuerdo a la realidad de cada estructura sanitaria sustituir la RT-PCR para aplicarse en los hospitales. Métodos menos invasivos, más accesibles con menor carga económica como la tomografía axial computarizada de tórax pueden ser otras opciones, las alteraciones pueden estar presentes incluso en estadios iniciales especialmente en pacientes de riesgo, además de los moderados y severos, presentan patrones ya establecidos de acuerdo a la gravedad que permiten incluso puntuarlas, además de método diagnostico muy sensible, es importante su uso para el manejo de las complicaciones de Covid-19 como el tromboembolismo pulmonar así como seguimiento de los casos diagnosticados, disminuyendo las tasas de morbimortalidad y las complicaciones por esta causa. Realizar un diagnósticos precoz para tratamiento adecuado y oportuno es fundamentales para guiar las decisiones sanitarias en el contexto de covi-19.
Aspectos generales de etiología y tratamiento de la sinusitis crónica
Authors: Miranda Cevallos Michelle Stefanía , Herrera Herrera Paola Alejandra , Vargas Baños Cesar Emilio 
Published: July 2020

La sinusitis crónica es una enfermedad crónica que implica inflamación a largo plazo de la mucosa del seno nasal y paranasal. A pesar de su prevalencia generalizada y su impacto sustancial en la población, no existen medicamentos aprobados para su manejo y tratamiento. Esto se debe en gran medida a la falta de investigación sobre tratamientos seguros y efectivos, que a su vez está relacionado con la falta de comprensión de la fisiopatología de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este articulo proporcionar una revisión de la literatura sobre los referentes teóricos de la sinusitis crónica, con la finalidad de actualizar y profundizar los conocimientos sobre su etiología y de los aspectos generales del tratamiento clínico o quirúrgico que sean de utilidad para la comunidad científica. Se analizaron 20 artículos de revisión de la literatura y 5 artículos de análisis de datos sobre el tema. Se recopilaron artículos desde el año 2010 al 2019, tanto en idioma inglés como en español. La evidencia respalda la irrigación salina diaria de alto volumen con terapia tópica con corticosteroides como terapia de primera línea para la sinusitis crónica. Se puede considerar un ciclo corto de corticosteroides sistémicos (1-3 semanas), ciclo corto de doxiciclina (3 semanas) o un antagonista de leucotrienos en pacientes con pólipos nasales. Se puede considerar un ciclo prolongado (3 meses) de antibiótico macrólido para pacientes sin pólipos.
Consistently Simulating a Wide Range of Atmospheric Scenarios for K2-18b with a Flexible Radiative Transfer Module
Authors: Scheucher Markus , Wunderlich F. , Grenfell J. L. , Godolt M. , Schreier F. , Kappel D. , Haus R. , Herbst K. , Rauer H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The atmospheres of small, potentially rocky exoplanets are expected to cover a diverse range in composition and mass. Studying such objects therefore requires flexible and wide-ranging modeling capabilities. We present in this work the essential development steps that lead to our flexible radiative transfer module, REDFOX, and validate REDFOX for the solar system planets Earth, Venus, and Mars, as well as for steam atmospheres. REDFOX is a k-distribution model using the correlated-k approach with the random overlap method for the calculation of opacities used in the δ-two-stream approximation for radiative transfer. Opacity contributions from Rayleigh scattering, UV/visible cross sections, and continua can be added selectively. With the improved capabilities of our new model, we calculate various atmospheric scenarios for K2-18b, a super-Earth/sub-Neptune with ∼8 M
⊕ orbiting in the temperate zone around an M star, with recently observed H2O spectral features in the infrared. We model Earth-like, Venus-like, and H2–He primary atmospheres of different solar metallicity and show resulting climates and spectral characteristics compared to observed data. Our results suggest that K2-18b has an H2–He atmosphere with limited amounts of H2O and CH4. Results do not support the possibility of K2-18b having a water reservoir directly exposed to the atmosphere, which would reduce atmospheric scale heights, and with it the amplitudes of spectral features, making the latter inconsistent with the observations. We also performed tests for H2–He atmospheres up to 50 times solar metallicity, all compatible with the observations.
Peculiar Prompt Emission and Afterglow in the H.E.S.S.-detected GRB 190829A
Authors: Chand Vikas , Banerjee Ankush , Gupta Rahul , Dimple  , Pal Partha Sarathi , Joshi Jagdish C. , Zhang Bin-Bin , Basak R. , Tam P. H. T. , Sharma Vidushi , Pandey S. B. , Kumar Amit , Yang Yi-Si 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present the results of a detailed investigation of the prompt and afterglow emission in the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.)-detected GRB 190829A. Swift and Fermi observations of the prompt phase of this gamma-ray burst (GRB) reveal two isolated subbursts or episodes, separated by a quiescent phase. The energetic and the spectral properties of the first episode are in stark contrast to the second. The first episode, which has a higher spectral peak ∼120 keV and a low isotropic energy ∼1050 erg is an outlier to the Amati correlation and marginally satisfies the Yonetoku correlation. However, the energetically dominant second episode has lower peak energy and is consistent with the above correlations. We compared this GRB to other low-luminosity GRBs (LLGRBs). Prompt emission of LLGRBs also indicates a relativistic shock breakout origin of the radiation. For GRB 190829A, some of the properties of a shock breakout origin are satisfied. However, the absence of an accompanying thermal component and energy above the shock breakout critical limit precludes a shock breakout origin. In the afterglow, an unusual long-lasting late-time flare of duration ∼104 s is observed. We also analyzed the late-time Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) emission that encapsulates the H.E.S.S. detection. Some of the LAT photons are likely to be associated with the source. All of the above observational facts suggest GRB 190829A is a peculiar low-luminosity GRB that is not powered by a shock breakout, and has an unusual rebrightening due to patchy emission or a refreshed shock during the afterglow. Furthermore, our results show that teraelectronvolt-energy photons seem common in both high-luminosity GRBs and LLGRBs.
Investigating the Physical Conditions in Extended System Hosting Mid-infrared Bubble N14
Authors: Dewangan L. K. , Baug T. , Pirogov L. E. , Ojha D. K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To observationally explore physical processes, we present a multiwavelength study of a wide-scale environment toward l = 13.°7–14.°9 containing a mid-infrared bubble N14. The analysis of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O gas at [31.6, 46] km s−1 reveals an extended physical system (extension ∼59 pc × 29 pc), which hosts at least five groups of the APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy (ATLASGAL) 870 μm dust clumps at d ∼3.1 kpc. These spatially distinct groups/subregions contain unstable molecular clumps and are associated with several Class I young stellar objects (mean age ∼0.44 Myr). At least three groups of ATLASGAL clumps associated with the expanding H ii regions (including the bubble N14) and embedded infrared dark clouds, devoid of the ionized gas, are found in the system. The observed spectral indices derived using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) and THOR radio continuum data suggest the presence of nonthermal emission with the H ii regions. The high-resolution GMRT radio continuum map at 1280 MHz traces several ionized clumps powered by massive B-type stars toward N14, which are considerably young (age ∼103–104 yr). Locally, the early stage of star formation is evident toward all the groups of clumps. The position–velocity maps of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O exhibit an oscillatory-like velocity pattern toward the selected longitude range. Considering the presence of different groups/subregions in the system, the oscillatory pattern in velocity is indicative of the fragmentation process. All these observed findings favor the applicability of the global collapse scenario in the extended physical system, which also seems to explain the observed hierarchy.
Timing the Pulsations of the Accreting Millisecond Pulsar SAX J1808.4–3658 during Its 2019 Outburst
Authors: Bult Peter , Chakrabarty Deepto , Arzoumanian Zaven , Gendreau Keith C. , Guillot Sebastien , Malacaria Christian , Ray Paul. S. , Strohmayer Tod E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper we present a coherent timing analysis of the 401 Hz pulsations of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4–3658 during its 2019 outburst. Using observations collected with the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER), we establish the pulsar spin frequency and orbital phase during its latest epoch. We find that the 2019 outburst shows a pronounced evolution in pulse phase over the course of the outburst. These phase shifts are found to correlate with the source flux and are interpreted in terms of hot-spot drift on the stellar surface, driven by changes in the mass accretion rate. Additionally, we find that the long-term evolution of the pulsar spin frequency shows evidence for a modulation at the Earth's orbital period, allowing for pulsar timing based astrometry of this accreting millisecond pulsar.
Local Simulations of Spiral Galaxies with the TIGRESS Framework. I. Star Formation and Arm Spurs/Feathers
Authors: Kim Woong-Tae , Kim Chang-Goo , Ostriker Eve C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Spiral arms greatly affect gas flows and star formation in disk galaxies. We use local three-dimensional simulations of the vertically stratified, self-gravitating, differentially rotating interstellar medium (ISM) subject to a stellar spiral potential to study the effects of spiral arms on star formation and formation of arm spurs/feathers. We adopt the TIGRESS framework of Kim & Ostriker to handle radiative heating and cooling, star formation, and ensuing supernova (SN) feedback. We find that more than 90% of star formation takes place in spiral arms, but the global star formation rate (SFR) in models with spiral arms is enhanced by less than a factor of 2 compared to the no-arm counterpart. This results from a quasi-linear relationship between the SFR surface density

and the gas surface density Σ, and supports the picture that spiral arms do not trigger star formation but rather concentrate star-forming regions. Correlated SN feedback produces gaseous spurs/feathers downstream from arms in both magnetized and unmagnetized models. These spurs/feathers are short lived and have magnetic fields parallel to their length, in contrast to the longer-lived features with perpendicular magnetic fields induced by gravitational instability. SN feedback drives the turbulent component of magnetic fields, with the total magnetic field strength sublinearly proportional to Σ. The total midplane pressure varies by a factor of ∼10 between arm and interarm regions but agrees locally with the total vertical ISM weight, while

is locally consistent with the prediction of pressure-regulated, feedback-modulated theory.
2. Rúbrica de diseño instruccional para aulas virtuales en la docencia universitaria
Authors: Polleri Giosianna , Jiménez Juana 
Published: July 2020

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo diseñar una rúbrica de diseño instruccional para aulas virtuales en la docencia universitaria, se ubicó en la modalidad de proyecto especial apoyado en una investigación de campo descriptiva. La misma se desarrolló en tres fases: la primera diagnosticó necesidad de la rúbrica, para lo cual se elaboró un instrumento con preguntas dicotómicas, validado por expertos y aplicado a docentes de la Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (UCLA) específicamente del Decanato Experimental de Humanidades y Artes (DEHA) y del Instituto Pedagógico de Barquisimeto (UPEL – IPB). En la segunda fase se diseñó la rúbrica atendiendo a indicadores del Modelo Instruccional del Método Divás (Díaz, 2006). Por último, la tercera fase correspondió a la validación de la rúbrica. La misma representa una guía que incidirá en el fortalecimiento del proceso de desarrollo de aulas virtuales en las Instituciones Educativas universitarias
EL MARKETING EXPERIENCIAL COMO ESTRATEGIA DE COMPRA-VENTA POR IMPULSO DE LAS MARCAS DE CONSUMO MASIVO EN LOS AUTOSERVICIOS DE GUAYAQUIL-ECUADOR
Authors: Pinto Miguel , Valle Luis 
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo académico tiene como objetivo describir al Marketing Experiencial como una herramienta de comunicación efectiva para las marcas de consumo masivo con presencia en los autoservicios del país. La metodología de esta investigación tuvo un alcance exploratorio, detallando un caso de éxito como fuente secundaria y, analizando como fuente primaria, los datos obtenidos a través de la observación directa y entrevistas a expertos. Con base al estudio desarrollado, se concluyó que el Marketing Experiencial en el país tiene un gran potencial, igual que en otros países que han desarrollado esta estrategia con las mismas marcas de presencia local. No obstante, existe predisposición para escuchar, pero hay una carencia de iniciativa dentro de los Autoservicios.
Região Imediata de Dianópolis - Tocantins: interpretando suas atividades produtivas
Authors: Vergara Roberta Mara de Oliveifra , Fonseca Samuel Ferreira da , Oliveira Nilton Marques de 
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar o desenvolvimento da Região Imediata de Dianópolis (RID), sudeste do Tocantins. Adotou-se o Quociente Locacional (QL) em relação ao pessoal ocupado em empregos formais nos oito setores econômicos, destacando a agricultura. Para cálculo do QL das atividades produtivas, coletou-se dados secundários na base de dados do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, entre 2006 e 2016. E, analisou-se a dinâmica do �?ndice Firjan de Desenvolvimento Municipal (IFDM), relacionando os valores deste com o QL. Observou-se que somente os munic�pios de Almas, Aurora do Tocantins e Novo Alegre possu�am QL significativo para agropecuária, extração vegetal, caça e pesca, em 2006. Por outro lado, 10 (71,4%) dos 14 munic�pios, possu�am QL significativo para Administração Pública em 2006, alterando para 11 (78,6%) em 2016. O desempenho locacional indica o avanço das atividades agropecuárias em 50% dos munic�pios da RID em 2016. O alto valor de QL para o referido setor em 2016 reflete os impactos positivos do projeto de irrigação Manoel Alves, inaugurado em 2008.
Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento Regional, Região imediata de Dianópolis, Quociente locacional.
The Current State of Orthopaedic Educational Leadership
Authors: Bi Andrew S. , Fisher Nina D. , Singh Sameer K. , Strauss Eric J. , Zuckerman Joseph D. , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
It is important to understand the current characteristics of orthopaedic surgery program leadership, especially in the current climate of modern medicine. The purpose of this report was to describe the demographic, academic, and geographic characteristics of current orthopaedic chairs and program directors (PDs).

Methods:
Orthopaedic surgery residency programs were obtained from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education website and cross-referenced with the Electronic Residency Application Service, identifying 161 residency programs for the 2018 to 2019 cycle. All data were collected in January 2020 to best control for changes in leadership. Demographic and academic information were collected from public websites. For geographic analysis, the United States was divided into five regions, and training locations were categorized as appropriate.

Results:
A total of 153 chairs and 161 PDs were identified. 98.0% of chairs were men versus 88.8% of PDs (P = 0.001). Chairs had been in practice and in their current position for longer than PDs (26.4 vs 16.8 years [P < 0.005] and 9.1 vs 7.1 years [P = 0.014], respectively). Chairs had more publications and were more likely to be professors than PDs. PDs were more likely to remain at both the same region and institution that they trained in residency. The most common subspecialty was sports among chairs and trauma among PDs, although when compared with national averages orthopaedic trauma and orthopaedic oncology were the most overrepresented subspecialties.

Conclusion:
Orthopaedic chairs are more likely to be men, have had longer careers, and have more academic accomplishments than their PD counterparts. Geography appears to have an association with where our leaders end up, especially for PDs. Subspecialization does not notably influence leadership positions, although orthopaedic trauma and orthopaedic oncology surgeons are more commonly represented than expected. This report serves to identify the current state of orthopaedic leadership and may provide guidance for those who seek these leadership positions.
Robotics and Navigation as Learning Tools for Fellows Training in Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Shapira Jacob , Diulus Samantha C. , Rosinsky Philip J. , Maldonado David R. , Lall Ajay C. , Domb Benjamin G. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
The association between implant malpositioning and complications has been repeatedly demonstrated. Recently, technological advancements have allowed for more consistent implant placement. Beyond this obvious application, these technologies may also serve as a learning tool. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of fellows' estimation of implant positioning using a robotic system.

Methods:
Data were prospectively collected for all patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty between September 2019 and December 2019. The fellow was blinded to the robotic system. Before reaming and broaching by the senior surgeon, the fellow was asked to place the reamer at 40° of cup inclination and 20° of version. The resulting values were recorded before the true measurements were revealed. A similar process was followed for femoral broaching.

Results:
The mean difference between the estimated and actual cup inclination and version was 7.24° (P = 0.060) and 4.81° (P = 0.031), respectively. The mean difference in broach version was 7.00° (P = 0.159). Without the robotic system, 43.47% and 69.57% of patients would have had the cup placed outside of the safe zones described by Lewinnek and Callanan, respectively.

Conclusion:
The estimated anteversion of the acetabular implant was found to be markedly different from its actual anteversion. A considerable portion of the cups would have been positioned outside of the Lewinnek and Callanan “safe zones” provided that the implants would have been manually positioned. The use of robotic or navigation systems may provide useful learning tools for fellows in training to understand their own inaccuracies in estimated implant position and hence refine their abilities.
Plasma Antennas
Authors: Anderson Theodore 
Published: July 2020

We have demonstrated that one or two plasma tubes can be used to focus, spread, and steer antenna beams. We have also shown that we can simulate convex and concave plasma lenses by using cylindrical plasma tubes. Focusing by a plasma is useful because it can be used to increase the gain of an antenna, and to quickly reconfigure the beamwidth as needed without physically moving the antenna. With this technology, there is no need for phased arrays to steer and focus an antenna beam. Beam steering with a plasma allows tuning to different frequencies which is a difficult task for standard antennas. Our experimental results with 44 GHz showed a dramatic improvement in beam steering and focusing characteristics compared to beam focusing and steering at 24 GHz. The shorter wavelength compared to the spatial variation in plasma density over the radius of the plasma tube, the easier it is to steer and focus antenna beams. These results have been incorporated in a new smart plasma antenna design.
IL LIBRO DELLA CERTEZZA (KITĀB AL-YAQĪN) DI IBN ʿARABĪ. Edizione, traduzione e note a cura di Maurizio Marconi
Authors: Marconi Maurizio 
Published: July 2020

Riassunto: Questo testo è la prima traduzione in lingua occidentale del Libro della certezza, redatto da Ibn ʿArabī in una mattina dell’anno 602 H. mentre era in visita alla Moschea della Certezza, ad alcuni chilometri da Hebron. Il tema dell’opera non è la “nostra” certezza, che Ibn ʿArabī assimila alla convinzione, bensì la certezza in se stessa, intesa come una realtà intellegibile che è dotata di scienza, occhio, verità e realtà essenziale, e nell’esporre questa dottrina Ibn ʿArabī fa ampio ricorso alla scienza delle lettere. Data la loro rilevanza sull’argomento è stata annessa anche la traduzione di tre capitoli delle al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya. Il testo include inoltre una edizione araba dell’opera basata sui quattro manoscritti più antichi.
Abstract: This text is the first translation in Western language of the Book of certainty, written by Ibn ʿArabī during a morning of the year 602 H. while visiting the Mosque of Certainty, some miles afar Hebron. The main subject of the work is not “our” certainty, which Ibn ʿArabī assimilates to conviction, but certainty in itself, considered as an intelligible reality provided with science, eye, truth and essential reality, and in the exposition of this doctrine Ibn ʿArabī has recourse to the science of letters. Due to their relevance to the subject, the translation of three chapters of the al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya has been annexed. The text includes also an Arabic edition of the work, based on the four oldest manuscripts.