bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous and rapid determination of sesamin and sesamolin in sesame oils using excitation‐emission matrix fluorescence coupled with self‐weighted alternating trilinear decomposition
Authors: Liu Yan , Wu Qian , Xia Zhenzhen , Wu Yang , Li Yan , Gong Zhiyong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSesamin and sesamolin are two typical and important lignans isolated from sesame oil. Various studies have shown the bioactivity, physiological activity, and potential health benefits of the two components. In this study, a rapid method for the simultaneous determination of sesamin and sesamolin in sesame oils was proposed. The excitation‐emission fluorescence spectra of the oils were obtained after a simple pretreatment, then self‐weighted alternating trilinear decomposition was used to extract the quantitative information from the very overlapping spectra.RESULTSIt was found that reasonable quantification results could be obtained with the limits of detection for the two lignans. These limits were 0.05 mg/g and 0.24 mg/g, and the limits of quantitation were 0.14 mg/g and 0.74 mg/g, respectively. The average recoveries for sesamin and sesamolin were 99.05% and 94.97%.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that, with simple sample pretreatment, the application for combining excitation‐emission fluorescence spectra and self‐weighted alternating trilinear decomposition can be a useful and sensitive tool for the determination of lignans in sesame oil. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The effects of humic acid urea and polyaspartic acid urea on reducing nitrogen loss compared with urea
Authors: Shen Yuwen , Lin Haitao , Gao Wensheng , Li Mingli 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe utilization rate of urea‐N in fertilizer plays a very important role in agricultural production and environmental protection. Humic acid urea (HAU) and polyaspartic acid urea (PAU) are two similar synergistic nitrogen fertilizers.METHODSFourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and carbon‐13‐nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐NMR) were used to determine the loading of urea‐N into humic acid (HA) and polyaspartic acid (PA). Thermal stability and physical adsorption properties of HAU and PAU were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface measurement. The soil incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of HAU and PAU on nitrogen transformation and gaseous nitrogen loss compared with commercial urea.RESULTSNitrogen transformation from HAU and PAU was slowed down compared with urea. After 90 days of incubation, HAU and PAU reduced the cumulative ammonia (NH3) volatilization (by 9.70% and 6.30%, respectively) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission (by 40.48% and 43.00%, respectively) from soil compared with the urea‐alone treatment.CONCLUSIONHAU and PAU could improve the nitrogen use efficiency. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Two papaya MYB proteins function in fruit ripening by regulating some genes involved in cell‐wall degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis
Authors: Fu Changchun , Chen Hangjun , Gao Haiyan , Lu Yin , Han Chao , Han Yanchao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMYB transcription factors (TFs) are common in plants and play important functions in growth and development, including fruit development and ripening. However, the role of MYB proteins in papaya ripening (fruit ripening and carotenoid biosynthesis) remains unclear.RESULTSTwo MYB genes were cloned from papaya pulp. They were named CpMYB1 (MYB44‐like) and CpMYB2, and belong to the S22 subgroup of the R2R3‐MYB family. Their expression levels decreased during fruit ripening. Subcellular localization analysis showed that both CpMYB1 and CpMYB2 were nuclear proteins, indicating that they might function in the nucleus. Moreover, CpMYB1 and CpMYB2 could bind to the promoters of cell‐wall degradation genes (CpPME1, CpPME2, and CpPG5) and carotenoid biosynthesis genes (CpPDS2, CpPDS4, and CpCHY‐b). Further research found that both CpMYB1 and CpMYB2 were transcriptional repressors, and they could suppress the activities of the promoters of CpPME1, CpPME2, CpPG5, CpPDS2, CpPDS4, and CpCHY‐b.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that MYB TFs CpMYB1 and CpMYB2 might have a function in papaya fruit softening and carotenoid accumulation by regulating cell‐wall degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis related genes, which provide a new view about the role of MYB TFs in fruit ripening. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Volatile compounds of a pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) purée processed by high pressure thermal processing
Authors: García‐Parra Jesús , González‐Cebrino Francisco , Ramírez Rosario 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe changes in the volatile profile of a pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata, Duch.) purée processed by high pressure thermal (HPT) processing at different pressure and initial temperature intensities (300, 600, 900 MPa and 60, 80 °C, respectively) was evaluated. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) technique was used for the extraction and concentration of volatile compounds and the analysis was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).RESULTSAlcohols were the volatile compounds most abundantly isolated in the headspace of pumpkin purée (control and processed purées had ranges between 43 and 56%), followed by aldehydes (14–28%), hydrocarbons (8–13%) and terpenes (7–10%). Lipid oxidation, Maillard reaction and carotenoids degradation were the main chemical routes of formation of volatile compounds after HPT processing. Initial temperature or pressure intensity of HPT processing, within the ranges tested in this study, did not affect the initial levels of volatile compounds of pumpkin purée.CONCLUSIONHPT processing is an effective technology for the preservation of the original aroma of low acid vegetables such as pumpkin. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of glycosylation degree for glycoconjugate vaccines using a solid‐phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry method
Authors: Long Zhen , Li Maoguang , Dahl Jeffrey , Guo Zhimou , Li Yanan , Hao Hongyuan , Li Yueqi , Li Changkun , Mao Qiqi , Huang Taohong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, a solid‐phase extraction with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to determine the degree of glycosylation of glycosylation sites and the ratio of free carrier protein to total carrier protein for glycoconjugate vaccines. To remove and enrich the glycosylated peptides, a solid‐phase extraction method was developed, optimized, and hyphenated to liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry. The developed solid‐phase extraction with liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry method was shown to possess a wide linear dynamic range (0.03−100 μg/mL), a high sensitivity (0.03 μg/mL for CRM197), good interday and intra‐day precision (relative standard deviation of peak area < 3.3%), and good recoveries from vaccine matrix (90−105%). Finally, the method was utilized to determine the degree of glycosylation and free carrier protein to total carrier protein ratio for pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and meningococcal vaccines. For quality evaluation of glycoconjugate vaccines, the method could provide more information than the traditional size exclusion chromatography method. Fourteen and twelve reported glycosylation sites for CRM197‐ and tetanus toxin‐based vaccines can be detected, respectively.
Qualitative analysis of enzymatic and chemical depolymerized low molecular weight heparins by UHPLC coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Sadowski Radosław , Gadzała‐Kopciuch Renata , Buszewski Bogusław 
Published: May 2020

AbstractComplete heparin digestion with heparin lyase I and II results in a mixture of hexasaccharides and tetrasaccharides with 3‐O‐sulfo group‐containing glucosamine residues at their reducing ends. Because these tetrasaccharides are derived from antithrombin III‐binding sites of heparin, we examined whether this method could be applied to estimate the anticoagulant activity of heparin. Therefore, this paper presents a new low molecular weight heparin sample preparation method–chemical depolymerization. Qualitative analysis of the studied compounds and a comparison of their composition are an important contribution to the structural analysis of low molecular weight heparins, which has not been fully conducted so far. Qualitative on‐line liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric analysis of these resistant oligosaccharides is also described in this paper.
Strategies in developing high‐throughput liquid chromatography protocols for method qualification of pharmacopeial monographs
Authors: Kresge Glenn A. , Grosse Sylvia , Zimmer Alexis , Grinias Kaitlin M. , De Pra Mauro , Wong Jenny‐Marie T. , Steiner Frank , Grinias James P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMethod qualification is a key step in the development of routine analytical monitoring of pharmaceutical products. However, when relying on published monographs that describe longer method times based on older high‐performance liquid chromatography column and instrument technology, this can delay the overall analysis process for generated drug products. In this study, high‐throughput ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography techniques were implemented to decrease the amount of time needed to complete a 24‐run sequence to identify linearity, recovery, and repeatability for both drug assay and impurity analysis in 16 min. Multiple experimental parameters were tested to identify a range of experimental settings that could be used for the sequence while still maintaining this fast analysis time. The full sequence was replicated on a different system and with different columns, further demonstrating its robustness.
Mortality and Institutionalization After Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Parkinson's Disease and Related Conditions
Authors: Brown Lisa , Oswal Michelle , Samra Amrit‐Deep , Martin Hannah , Burch Nicola , Colby Joe , Lindahl Andrea , Skelly Rob 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) can facilitate feeding and medication administration in dysphagic patients with Parkinson's disease and related disorders. Information on survival, institutionalization, and complications post PEG might inform feeding decisions.MethodA total of 93 patients with Parkinson's disease and related disorders were identified by review of PEG registers and by searching the administrative databases in 2 large UK university hospitals (2005–2017); 83 case notes were available for retrospective review. Care processes and outcomes were assessed.ResultsThe following were the diagnoses: 58 (70%) had Parkinson's disease, 10 (12%) had progressive supranuclear palsy, 5 (6%) had multiple system atrophy, 3 (4%) had dementia with Lewy bodies, and 7 (8%) had vascular parkinsonism. The median age was 78 years (interquartile range 72–82); 29 (35%) were women. Care processes included a future care plan in place prior to admission for 18 patients (22%), and PEG was placed during emergency admission in 68 patients (82%). The outcomes included median survival at 422 days; 30‐day mortality rate was 6% (5 patients); and of 56 patients admitted from home, 18 (32%) were discharged to institutions (nursing or care homes). The most common complication was aspiration pneumonia for 18 (22%) of patients. Age, sex, diagnosis, admission type, comorbidities, and place of residence did not predict survival. Discharge to own home and follow‐up by the home enteral feeding team were associated with longer survival.ConclusionWe recommend markers of advanced disease should prompt advanced care planning. Discussions about PEG feeding should include information about post‐PEG survival, complications, and risk of institutionalization. Further research is needed on quality‐of‐life post PEG and ways to reduce aspiration pneumonia. All PEG patients should have nutrition team follow‐up.
Numerical analysis of tunable defect mode in cylindrical photonic crystals configuration
Authors: El‐Naggar Sahar A. , Nguyen Truong K. , Dhasarathan Vigneswaran 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn contrast to most of the previous publications that has addressed the dependency of the defect mode on temperature in planner one‐dimensional photonic crystal, we study this dependency in cylindrical photonic crystal taking into consideration both thermal‐optical and thermal expansion effects. Our analysis, based on the cylindrical transfer matrix, is conducted for both types of polarized electric and magnetic waves. Our structure is composed of arrays of cylindrical coaxial shells of TiO2 and Al2O3 with single defect layer. Numerical results show that the defect mode's wavelength can be effectively tuned, following a linear relation, by changing the temperature for both types of polarized waves. In addition, the peak transmittance is dependent on the number of periods and the starting inner radius. Moreover, decreasing the inner radius is associated with separation between the two polarizations.
Clinical correlates of fatigue in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Lawley Andrew , Abbas Ahmed , Seri Stefano , Rajabally Yusuf A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionFatigue is a recognized manifestation of immune‐mediated neuropathies, but its causes and implications are unclear. In this study, we explored the correlates of fatigue among a number of clinical parameters in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) to better understand potential contributing factors and resulting consequences.MethodsTwenty‐six clinically stable patients with CIDP underwent assessments of motor and sensory function, disability, quality of life, and depression and anxiety. Experienced fatigue was assessed by using the Rasch‐built Fatigue Severity Scale and the Checklist of Individual Strength.ResultsThe two fatigue scales provided evidence of significant intercorrelation. Only depression scores and grip strength predicted experienced fatigue levels in multivariate regression analyses. Fatigue scores inversely correlated with strength, sensory, disability, and quality of life scores.DiscussionExperienced fatigue is likely multifactorial in CIDP, with both physical and neuropsychiatric components. Fatigue is associated with lower functional and quality‐of‐life outcomes in CIDP.
Prospects of neural crest‐derived cells from oral and dentofacial tissues for application in regenerative medicine
Authors: Suzawa Tetsuo , Yoshida Hiroshi , Takahashi Masahiro , Itose Masakatsu , Takimoto Reiko , Sasama Yuji , Tanaka Motohiro , Ikezaki Kaori , Shirora Tatsuo , Maki Koutaro , Kamijo Ruytaro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring vertebrate development, neural crest cells arise in the dorsal region of the fusing neural tube, then migrate extensively across the embryonic body to differentiate into various cell types. In adults, subsets of neural crest‐derived cells (NCDCs) reside as stem cells and are considered useful as cell sources for autologous cell therapy. Previous studies have suggested that these NCDC subsets persist into adulthood in mammals, especially those within dentofacial compartments. We have found NCDCs in a wide variety of tissues, including palate, gingiva, and tongue, as well as hair follicles, submandibular glands, and buccal mucosa in adult mice. NCDCs from buccal mucosa can also form neurosphere‐like structures that have a capability to differentiate into osteoblasts. These findings indicate that NCDCs reside in various adult oral and dentofacial regions, and possess potential to differentiate into osteoblastic cells, thus suggesting that those in adults may be a useful source for bone regeneration strategies. In recent years, several researchers have reported regeneration experiments using NCDCs obtained from oral and dentofacial tissues. Here, we review findings related to the distribution of NCDCs, with focus on the oral and dentofacial regions, as well as the future prospects of NCDC‐based regenerative therapies.
Antenatal corticosteroids and outcomes in gastroschisis: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Carnaghan Helen , James Catherine P. , Charlesworth Paul B. , Ghionzoli Marco , Pereira Susana , Elkhouli Mohamed , Baud David , De Coppi Paolo , Ryan Greg , Shah Prakesh S. , Davenport Mark , David Anna L. , Pierro Agostino , Eaton Simon ,   Gastroschisis Study Group
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn gastroschisis, there is evidence to suggest that gut dysfunction develops secondary to bowel inflammation; we aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal antenatal corticosteroids administered for obstetric reasons on time to full enteral feeds in a multicenter cohort study of gastroschisis infants.MethodsA three center, retrospective cohort study (1992‐2013) with linked fetal/neonatal gastroschisis data was conducted. The primary outcome measure was time to full enteral feeds (a surrogate measure for bowel function) and secondary outcome measure was length of hospital stay. Analysis included Mann‐Whitney and Cox regression.ResultsOf 500 patients included in the study, 69 (GA at birth 34 [25‐38] weeks) received antenatal corticosteroids and 431 (GA at birth 37 [31‐41] weeks) did not. Antenatal corticosteroids had no effect on the rate of reaching full feeds (Hazard ratio HR 1.0 [95% CI: 0.8‐1.4]). However, complex gastroschisis (HR 0.3 [95% CI: 0.2‐0.4]) was associated with an increased time to reach full feeds and later GA at birth (HR 1.1 per week increase in GA [95% CI: 1.1‐1.2]) was associated with a decreased time to reach full feeds.ConclusionMaternal antenatal corticosteroids use, under current antenatal steroid protocols, in gastroschisis is not associated with an improvement in neonatal outcomes such as time to full enteral feeds or length of hospital stay.
Retracted: Influence of organic montmorillonite nanoparticles on the microstructures and thermal and tribological properties of polyethersulfone and polytetrafluoroethylene composites
Authors: Yan Shicheng , Xue Yahong , Wang Zhanchao , Wang Guilian , Wang Shoujun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBecause of high wear rate and low thermal deformation temperature, the generalization and application of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the field of tribology is restrained to a certain extent. In order to improve the wear resistance and thermal stability of this self‐lubricating polymer, organic montmorillonite (OMMT) nanoparticle reinforced polyethersulfone (PES) and PTFE ternary composites were prepared by the cold molding and vacuum sintering technology. The effects of sodium montmorillonite (Na‐MMT) and OMMT on the microstructures, thermal stabilities and tribological properties of PTFE composites were comparatively studied. The results show that the thermal stability of the PES/PTFE composites is clearly improved by the incorporation of OMMT nanoparticles. Not only the friction coefficients but also the wear rates of OMMT/PES/PTFE composites are less than those of Na‐MMT/PES/PTFE composites under identical tribological tests. Of all these PTFE composites, the PES/PTFE composite containing 10.0 wt% OMMT nanoparticles exhibits the best friction and wear properties (μ = 0.14, k = 5.78 × 10−15 m3 N–1 m−1). This can be attributed to the existence of a polymer multicomponent layer consisting of PTFE, PES and OMMT on the composite surface as well as the formation of uniform PTFE transfer film on the worn surfaces of metal counterparts.
Gait Measures at Admission to Inpatient Rehabilitation after Ischemic Stroke Predict 3‐Month Quality of Life and Function
Authors: Lin Chen , Lee Jungwha , Hurt Christopher P. , Lazar Ronald M. , Arevalo Yurany A. , Prabhakaran Shyam , Harvey Richard L. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundIschemic stroke can impact a patient's quality of life, but the extent is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between gait measures during inpatient rehabilitation with quality‐of‐life scores and function at 3 months in patients with stroke.SettingSingle‐Center inpatient rehabilitation facility.ParticipantsEight five patients with ischemic stroke.MethodsA 6‐Minute Walk Test and a 10‐Meter Walk Test were recorded on admission to rehabilitation. We analyzed the association between gait function at rehabilitation and 3‐month quality of life and poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score >2) using multivariable logistic regression.Main OutcomeMeasures 3‐month health related quality of life.ResultsEighty‐five patients (mean age 68.3 14.9 years; 54.3% male) were enrolled. In adjusted analyses, an increase of 0.31 m/s (ie, 1 SD) on the 10‐meter walk test was linked with a decreased odds of impaired lower extremity quality of life by 94% (odds ratio [OR] 0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01–0.52; P =.01), and decreased odds of poor functional outcome by 98% (OR 0.02, 95% CI <0.01‐0.47; P =.01). For the 6‐minute walk test, an increase of 109.5 meters (ie, 1 SD) was linked with decreased odds of having impaired lower extremity quality of life by 1% (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.00; P < .01) and poor functional outcome by 1% (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99–1.00; P = .04).ConclusionGait measurements at rehabilitation can predict 3‐month lower extremity quality of life and function
Off‐Shell Amplitudes in String Theory and Hyperbolic Geometry
Authors: Moosavian Seyed Faroogh , Pius Roji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe construction of off‐shell amplitudes in closed string theory using Riemann surfaces having constant curvature −1 is explored in detail. Off‐shell string amplitudes constructed using surfaces with constant curvature −1 fail to satisfy the off‐shell factorization properties, and as a result, scattering amplitudes computed using them are ill‐defined. In this paper, we describe a procedure for systematically modifying this construction and obtain consistent off‐shell amplitudes in closed string theory satisfying the off‐shell factorization properties.
Double infection of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma alters induced plant defense and spider mite fecundity
Authors: Zhu Yu‐Xi , Song Zhang‐Rong , Song Yue‐Ling , Hong Xiao‐Yue 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDHerbivore‐associated bacterial symbionts can change plant physiology and influence herbivore fitness. The spider mite Tetranychus truncatus is a notorious pest harboring various bacterial symbionts; however, the effect of bacterial symbionts on host plant physiology remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether infection with the endosymbionts Wolbachia and Spiroplasma altered spider mite performance on tomato plants and affected plant‐induced defenses.RESULTSWolbachia and Spiroplasma were mainly located in the gnathosoma and ovaries of their spider mite hosts. Wolbachia and Spiroplasma significantly improved spider mite reproductive performance in cultivated and wild‐type tomato. However, in plants deficient in jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), there were no significant differences in reproduction between spider mites infected with Wolbachia and Spiroplasma and uninfected mites. The results indicated that the reproduction benefits conferred by endosymbionts may relate to plant defenses. Both spider mites infected with Wolbachia and Spiroplasma and uninfected mites induced similar levels of JA and SA accumulation in tomato, whereas tomato plants damaged by spider mites infected with both Wolbachia and Spiroplasma showed lower expression levels of JA‐ and SA‐responsive genes than those damaged by uninfected spider mites. In addition, mites infected with Wolbachia and Spiroplasma mites consumed more tomato amino acids compared to uninfected spider mites, which may have contributed to host fecundity.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that the reproduction benefits conferred by endosymbionts may be associated with changes in plant defense parameters and the concentrations of plant amino acids. The results highlight the importance of endosymbionts in interactions between spider mites and their host plants. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry