bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term oxygen therapy‐related adverse outcomes resulting in hospitalisation: 3‐year experience of an Australian metropolitan health service
Authors: Semasinghe Bandaralage Sahan P. , Denniss Amelia R. , Syed Melad , Sriram Krishna B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of long‐term oxygen therapy (LTOT)‐related adverse outcomes in our health service. LTOT patients retrospectively recruited had their medical records reviewed for the period of 1 January 2014 to 30 June 2018. Burns, physical injuries, any falls attributable to LTOT requiring admission were the outcomes measured. Of 291 patients, four patients required admission due to LTOT‐related adverse events where three admissions were related to falls secondary to tripping over oxygen tubing.
Why has the caesarean rate increased dramatically in Bangladesh?
Authors: Huda N. , Richards J. , Rahman L. , Syed S. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThe objective is to assess the reasoning by families in deciding between a home vs. facility delivery and vaginal vs. caesarean.Study designThe authors selected a convenience sample of 16 villages in Sathkira district in southwest Bangladesh. Evidence was drawn from detailed in‐home post‐delivery interviews with all mothers in these villages who delivered in 2015 or 2016.MethodsLocal family health workers and paramedics used a structured questionnaire that enabled gathering of relevant quantitative and qualitative evidence. Mothers’ reasons for selection of delivery location and type were categorized, and regression analysis was conducted to assess significance of variables that proxy supply and demand factors.ResultsAmong 492 completed interviews, 48% were home deliveries, 52% facility deliveries; two‐thirds of facility deliveries in private clinics. Overall, sample caesarean rate is 39%, public hospital rate 53%, private clinic rate 86%. Over half of reasons for home delivery refer to pregnancy without complication or access to trusted birth attendant. Over half of reasons for facility delivery refer to medical complications allegedly precluding home delivery, or requiring home‐to‐facility transfer during labour for reasons not clear to the mother. The decision depends on both ‘demand’ factors originating with the family (proxied by family income, birth order and education levels) and ‘supply’ factors originating with obstetric care providers (proxied by number of antenatal visits and variation of caesarean rate by village). In a regression controlling for both demand and supply variables, the above proxy variables are all significant.Implications for nursing and health policyBangladesh has inadequate nursing support for vaginal delivery in either home or facility. Hence, physicians frequently recommend that women deliver in a facility (usually a physician’s clinic). Physicians are reluctant to hire adequate nurses to attend vaginal deliveries. Hence, families with some discretionary income are increasingly opting for a caesarean over vaginal delivery. Facility deliveries reduce incidence of obstructed labour fistula, but probably contribute to rising incidence of iatrogenic fistula. Reducing caesarean rates requires a large increase in numbers of nurses and midwives, and acceptance by physicians of a broad scope of practice for nurses/midwives in vaginal deliveries.
Path analysis from physical activity to quality of life among dementia patients: A dual‐path mediating model
Authors: Huang Xiuxiu , Li Bei , Yu Fang , Zhou Jiong , Wan Qiaoqin , Chang Hong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo clarify the specific impact paths among physical activity, activity of daily living, depression and quality of life among dementia patients.DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional design.MethodsDementia patients and their caregivers from five tertiary general hospitals and one dementia patients’ club were recruited. A total of 216 valid questionnaires were collected from November 2018 ‐ March 2019. Path analysis was performed by Mplus 7.0 to test the casual relationship among physical activity, activity of daily living, depression and quality of life.ResultsMost patients with dementia presented a low level of physical activity and suffered from impaired quality of life. The modified model presented a good model fit and revealed that physical activity had indirect positive effects on quality of life mediated by activity of daily living and depression.ConclusionThe results showed that physical activity was a promising non‐pharmacological method to improve the performance of activity of daily living and reduce depressive symptoms and then enhance the quality of life among dementia patients.ImpactThe findings were beneficial to elevate the awareness of physical activity among patients and professionals. This study was helpful to understand how physical activity exerted effects on life quality of dementia patients. This study provided a new perspective for researchers to elucidate the causal relationship of variables among dementia patients.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis on effective interventions for health‐related quality of life among caregivers of people with dementia
Authors: Lee Mijung , Ryoo Ji Hoon , Crowder Jolie , Byon Ha Do , Wiiliams Ishan C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims(a) To evaluate the effectiveness of different types of psychosocial interventions on the health‐related quality of life among caregivers of individuals with dementia and (b) To present an overview and assessment of the quality of the most recent intervention studies.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesMEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 2005 ‐ 2017. Using a Boolean search, the key words ‘caregivers’, ‘dementia’ and ‘quality of life’ were combined. The search was completed in January 2018.Review MethodsA total of 26 RCTs were included. Intervention details such as content, mode of delivery and duration were reviewed, and each study's risk of bias was assessed. The effectiveness of each type of intervention was calculated using the Hedges G and a random‐effects model.ResultsMulticomponent interventions, cognitive behavioural therapy and complementary alternative medicine therapy showed significant effects on improving caregiver's health‐related quality of life. Psychoeducation, social support, case management and cognitive rehabilitation therapy failed to produce significant effects.ConclusionVia this evidence‐based systematic review, multicomponent interventions addressing a variety of caregiver needs can be an effective method for enhancing caregiver health‐related quality of life. Further large number of studies are needed to verify this study results.ImpactThe findings of this study inform clinicians which interventions are effective in improving caregivers’ health‐related quality of life. Defining a standardized protocol for multicomponent interventions will be helpful for clinicians to apply the intervention.
Social provision partially mediates the complex associations among posttraumatic stress, obsessive‐compulsive and depressive symptoms in traumatized patients
Authors: Kim Heejung , Kim Sunah , Kong Seongsook , Kim Nam Hee 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo identify the associations among posttraumatic stress, depressive and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms (OCS) in outpatients with psychological trauma and to examine the mediating effect of social provision.BackgroundPsychologically traumatized patients simultaneously experience depressive and OCS. Social provision may mediate multiple symptoms differently compared with social support.DesignCross‐sectional and correlational study.MethodsData were collected between August 2016–May 2017. Psychiatric outpatients (N = 151) completed a structured questionnaire consisting of the Korean versions of the Social Provision Scale, Beck Depression Inventory‐II, Maudsley Obsessional‐Compulsive Inventory and Impact of Event Scale–Revised. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the recursive association among the three symptoms and the mediation of social provision.ResultsThere was a recursive association between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depressive symptoms, which were simultaneously associated with OCS with a one‐way direction. OCS and social provision partially mediated these identified associations among three symptoms.ConclusionsOur findings provide insight into the complex associations of multiple symptoms experienced by traumatized outpatients and the partial mediation of social provision. Psychiatric and mental health professionals may enhance social functioning and interpersonal interactions based on social provision components used for helping traumatized patients with obsessive‐compulsive and depressive symptoms.ImpactThere was a recursive association between PTSS and depressive symptoms that were simultaneously associated with OCS with a one‐way direction. Social provision functions as a partial mediator when working with OCS. Mental health nurses can develop social provision interventions for depressive symptoms for traumatized outpatients with OCS.
Characteristics of joint displays illustrating data integration in mixed‐methods nursing studies
Authors: Younas Ahtisham , Pedersen Maria , Durante Angela 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo identify the characteristics of joint displays illustrating the data integration in mixed‐methods nursing studies and to make recommendations for effective use of joint displays for the integration of qualitative and quantitative data in mixed‐methods studies.DesignDiscussion Paper.Data SourcesWe have completed this paper as a part of a mixed‐methods prevalence review of 190 studies published in nursing journals. We searched 10 nursing journals and three databases from January 2014–April 2018, additional journal search was performed from May–September 2018. We reviewed 17 studies that used joint displays as the method of data integration. Using a joint display typology, checklists, summary tables, and personal experiences of using joint displays, we evaluated the quality of displays.Implications for NursingNurse researchers should use advanced data integration approaches to increase the rigour of the mixed‐methods studies. Joint displays can enable nurse researchers to efficiently integrate and synthesize the qualitative and quantitative data in mixed‐methods studies. However, nurse researchers should clearly label the type and title of the display, include both qualitative and quantitative data and interpretations, and highlight the mixed‐methods interpretations as confirmed, divergent, or expanded in the displays.ConclusionJoint displays are adopted for data integration in nursing mixed‐methods studies. Improvements are required concerning data presentation in the displays. Researchers should provide clear titles and supporting data and inferences and identify the meta‐inferences by assessing the fit between quantitative and qualitative data.ImpactDespite the importance of integration in mixed methods, reviews indicated a consistent lack of integration in nursing research. Joint displays are structured frameworks used for the integration and synthesis of the qualitative and quantitative data at the analysis and interpretation levels. The discussed typology and characteristics of displays can enable nurse researchers to enhance the quality and presentation of integrated results in mixed‐methods studies.
Trait‐mediated filtering drives contrasting patterns of species richness and functional diversity across montane bird assemblages
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Holyoak Marcel , Chen Chuanwu , Liu Zhifa , Liu Jiajia , Che Xianli , Dong Anqiang , Yang Changteng , Zou Fasheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimMost studies of diversity changes along elevational gradients show a synchronous change in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity, such that all decline with elevation or show a mid‐elevation peak. However, some studies show asynchronous changes, which challenge us to explain their assembly. Here we used functional trait variation and niche spacing to test the roles of environmental filtering and competition‐driven niche separation in assembly and biodiversity patterns across an elevational gradient.LocationNanling Mountains, southern China.TaxonBirds (Timaliidae, Pycnonotidae and Sylviidae)MethodsBreeding birds were surveyed in 2012–2017 from 300 to 1900 m ASL. We tested bird diversity pattern and community structure relevant to environmental filtering and limiting similarity by integrating functional traits and evolutionary distances, as well as vegetation heterogeneity. A null modelling approach tested specific trait variation and niche spacing in relation to habitat associations and niche segregation.ResultsContrary to expectation, bird richness peaked at just below the highest site, and functional diversity declined significantly with elevation. Functional–phylogenetic distance metrics converged with increasing elevation, corresponding to strong environmental filtering and habitat change. For the spatial arrangement of specific traits, restricted dispersal ability, elevational range and clutch sizes were related to filtering effects, as indicated by trait convergence in clustered highland bird assemblages. Conversely, overdispersed lowland assemblages have evenly spaced trait values predicted by limiting similarity, including bill length, vertical stratum‐use and flocking propensity. In addition, bird functional diversity was highly correlated with both vegetation productivity and tree height, which reinforces the role of filtering in structuring local bird assemblages.Main conclusionsThis study highlights how strong filtering can produce a counter‐intuitive, contrasting pattern of changes between species richness and functional diversity. Fundamental assembly processes and species roles in ecosystems are predictable through examining key traits of life‐history and foraging characteristics, and their associations with environmental variables.
Deletion of the FHL2 gene attenuates intima‐media thickening in a partially ligated carotid artery ligated mouse model
Authors: Chen Chi‐Yu , Tsai Hsiao‐Ya , Tsai Shih‐Hung , Chu Pao‐Hsien , Huang Po‐Hsun , Chen Jaw‐Wen , Lin Shing‐Jong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe four and a half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2) is a member of the four and a half LIM domain (FHL) gene family, and it is associated with cholesterol‐enriched diet‐promoted atherosclerosis. However, the effect of FHL2 protein on vascular remodelling in response to hemodynamic alterations remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of FHL2 in a model of restricted blood flow‐induced atherosclerosis. To promote neointimal hyperplasia in vivo, we subjected FHL2+/+ and FHL2−/− mice to partial ligation of the left carotid artery (LCA). The expression of p‐ERK and p‐AKT was decreased in FHL2−/− mice. FHL2 bound to AKT regulated AKT phosphorylation and led to Rac1‐GTP inactivation. FHL2 silencing in human aortic smooth muscle cells down‐regulated the PDGF‐induced phosphorylation of ERK and AKT. Furthermore, FHL2 silencing reduced cytoskeleton conformational changes and caused cell cycle arrest. We concluded that FHL2 is essential for the regulation of arterial smooth muscle cell function. FHL2 modulates proliferation and migration via mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K‐AKT signalling, leading to arterial wall thickening and thus neointimal hyperplasia.
Position Statement on Atopic Dermatitis in Sub‐Saharan Africa: current status and roadmap
Authors: Schmid‐Grendelmeier P. , Takaoka R. , Ahogo K.C. , Belachew W.A. , Brown S.J. , Correia J.C. , Correia M. , Degboe B. , Dorizy‐Vuong V. , Faye O. , Fuller L.C. , Grando K. , Hsu C. , Kayitenkore K. , Lunjani N. , Ly F. , Mahamadou G. , Manuel R.C.F. , Kebe Dia M. , Masenga E.J. , Muteba Baseke C. , Ouedraogo A.N. , Rapelanoro Rabenja F. , Su J. , Teclessou J.N. , Todd G. , Taïeb A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe first International Society of Atopic Dermatitis (ISAD) global meeting dedicated to atopic dermatitis (AD) in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) was held in Geneva, Switzerland in April 2019. A total of 30 participants were present at the meeting, including those from 17 SSA countries, representatives of the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Foundation for Dermatology (IFD) (a committee of the International League of Dermatological Societies, ILDS www.ilds.org), the Fondation pour la Dermatite Atopique, as well as specialists in telemedicine, artificial intelligence and therapeutic patient education (TPE).ResultsAD is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory skin diseases in SSA. Besides neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) with a dermatological presentation, AD requires closer attention from the WHO and national Departments of Health.ConclusionsA roadmap has been defined with top priorities such as access to essential medicines and devices for AD care, in particular emollients, better education of primary healthcare workers for adequate triage (e.g. better educational materials for skin diseases in pigmented skin generally and AD in particular, especially targeted to Africa), involvement of traditional healers and to a certain extent also patient education, bearing in mind the barriers to effective healthcare faced in SSA countries such as travel distances to health facilities, limited resources and the lack of dermatological expertise. In addition, several initiatives concerning AD research in SSA were discussed and should be implemented in close collaboration with the WHO and assessed at follow‐up meetings, in particular, at the next ISAD meeting in Seoul, South Korea and African Society of Dermatology and Venereology (ASDV) meeting in Nairobi, Kenya, both in 2020.
Acne from the young patient's perspective
Authors: Claudel J.‐P. , Auffret N. , Leccia M.‐T. , Poli F. , Dréno B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAcne may significantly impact quality of life, self‐esteem and self‐worth. The aim of this paper was to provide an overview of the knowledge and perception of acne and its risk factors in adolescents and young adults. The most critical issues reported for an optimal management of this specific population were identified. A PubMed literature review of results from patient‐oriented surveys published between 2007 and 2018 was conducted. Two different types of survey were used: those using either validated questionnaires or specifically developed questionnaires. No consistency or directly comparable data with regards to age, onset, duration, severity and treatment of acne and by whom and where data were collected were observed. Acne affected female patients psychologically more than male patients. The majority referred to their treating physician in order to obtain information, and all surveys pointed out that specific treatment programs would allow to increase awareness about acne. Beliefs, traditions and economic factors continue to impact the perception of and treatment choices for acne in almost all countries and cultures, maintaining the improvement of awareness about acne a major global health challenge. In conclusion, identifying, considering and managing the patient's concerns about acne may improve the young patient's well‐being and thus decrease additional healthcare expenses for emerging psychological comorbidities. This can be achieved by creating substantial and structured awareness through local and global information campaigns via the treating physicians, Internet, social networks and education.
Disease burden and patient needs and benefits in anogenital psoriasis: developmental specificities for person‐centred healthcare of emerging adults and adults
Authors: da Silva N. , von Stülpnagel C. , Langenbruch A. , Danckworth A. , Augustin M. , Sommer R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundEstablishing romantic relationships involving cohabitation and/or sexual intercourse is an overriding task for many people during emerging adulthood, i.e. from their late teens through the twenties. The diagnosis of anogenital psoriasis may hinder social/intimate relationships, resulting in higher disease burden in this age group.ObjectivesTo compare the disease burden and patient needs/benefits between emerging adults (18–30 years) and adults (>30 years) with psoriasis, with and without anogenital involvement; and to identify sociodemographic/clinical variables accounting for better patient‐reported outcomes.MethodsPatients aged ≥18 years with psoriasis vulgaris were recruited within a cross‐sectional nationwide survey randomly assigning 157 dermatology practices/clinics in Germany. Anogenital involvement was established based on a high‐resolution grid on the topology of psoriasis. The main outcome measures were the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), the EuroQoL visual analogue scale (EQ‐VAS), the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the Patient Benefit Index (PBI).ResultsParticipants were 1921 patients: 173 emerging adults and 1749 adults >30 years. Anogenital involvement was observed in 621 patients (32.3%). Patient with anogenital psoriasis reported decreased health and more QoL impairments compared with those without anogenital lesions. Emerging adults presented more QoL impairments and less treatment benefits than older patients, and they were more prone to underrate a wide range of needs, except when the anogenital area was affected. Beyond anogenital involvement and higher disease severity, less treatment benefits were associated with more QoL impairments, particularly for emerging adults.ConclusionsThe developmental instability of many emerging adults may result in difficulties to establish/adhere to treatment goals and thus in decreased perception of treatment benefit and more QoL impairments. Anogenital involvement is a risk factor for increased disease burden regardless of age. Assessing anogenital involvement in all patients and helping younger patients to define/adhere to treatment goals should be prioritized in patient‐centred healthcare for psoriasis.
Isotope analysis reveals proportional change and site‐selection variation of river‐ and lake‐produced eggs of a landlocked migratory fish
Authors: Sawada Hayato , Shigeta Kanji , Kawakami Masaki , Yuma Masahide , Maruyama Atsushi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChanges in the proportions of river‐ and lake‐produced eggs of a landlocked amphidromous fish, ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis) in the Lake Biwa water system, Japan, were monitored by stable isotope analysis, based on different δ15N and δ13C values of prey organisms between the lake and its tributaries. During the 3 month reproduction season, the δ15N values of spawned eggs decreased with time. This result implies that there was a shift from lake‐produced eggs to river‐produced eggs within a reproductive season, based on the observation that adult fish in the lake had previously been shown to have eggs with distinctly higher δ15N values in their ovaries than those in the tributaries. This explanation was also supported by the change in δ13C values of the spawned eggs. Furthermore, eggs with lower δ15N and higher δ13C values tended to be spawned at less variable depths, suggesting that females spawning river‐produced eggs selected the spawning sites from a narrower range. We conclude that stable isotope ratios of spawned eggs can be indicators of the relative contributions of different food chains and can enable comparisons of reproductive characteristics between types of egg.