bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for texture in BaTiO3 thin films from aqueous chemical solution deposition
Authors: Bakken Kristine , Blichfeld Anders Bank , Chernyshov Dmitry , Grande Tor , Glaum Julia , Einarsrud Mari-Ann 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe prototype piezoelectric material BaTiO3 is widely used in e.g., capacitators. Chemical solution deposition (CSD) of BaTiO3 films is a simple and environmentally friendly processing route, but insight in the crystallization process is crucial to tailor the film properties. In this work, the influence of the annealing conditions on the crystallization behavior of BaTiO3 thin films from aqueous chemical solution deposition is presented. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction was used to reveal the phase evolution, crystallization of the films, and to study how the degree of crystallographic texture in the polycrystalline films evolved. Our results revealed that the formation of an intermediate metastable oxycarbonate phase is critical for the formation of BaTiO3 thin films prepared by aqueous CSD. The pyrolysis products present in the film before crystallization determine the degree of preferential orientation and by tuning the heating program, especially the heating rate through nucleation (<0.2 °C/s), control of the microstructure and degree of preferential orientation in the films was demonstrated.
Experimental investigation of rheological properties and thermal conductivity of SiO2–P25 TiO2 hybrid nanofluids
Authors: Le Ba Thong , Várady Zalán István , Lukács István Endre , Molnár János , Balczár Ida Anna , Wongwises Somchai , Szilágyi Imre Miklós 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver many years, great efforts have been made to develop new fluids for heat transfer applications. In this paper, the thermal conductivity (TC) and viscosity of SiO2–P25 TiO2 (SiO2–P25) hybrid nanofluids were investigated for different nanoparticle volume concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 vol%) at five various temperatures (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C). The mixture ratio (SiO2:P25) in all prepared hybrid nanofluids was 1:1. Besides, pure SiO2, P25 nanofluids were prepared with the same concentrations for comparison with the hybrid nanofluids. The base fluid used for the preparation of nanofluids was a mixture of deionized water and ethylene glycol at a ratio of 5:1. Before preparing the nanofluids, the nanoparticles were analyzed with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The zeta potentials of the prepared nanofluids except SiO2 nanofluids were above 30 mV. These nanofluids were visually observed for stability in many days. The TC enhancement of the hybrid nanofluid was higher than the pure nanofluid. In particular, with 1.0 vol% concentration, the maximum enhancement of SiO2, P25 and SiO2–P25 nanofluids were 7.5%, 9.9% and 10.5%, respectively. The rheology of the nanofluids was Newtonian. The viscosity increment of SiO2, P25 and hybrid nanofluids were 19%, 32% and 24% with 0.5 vol% concentration. A new correlation was developed for the TC and dynamic viscosity of SiO2–P25 hybrid nanofluid.
Codimension-two border collision bifurcation in a two-class growth model with optimal saving and switch in behavior
Authors: Sushko Iryna , Commendatore Pasquale , Kubin Ingrid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe consider a two-class growth model with optimal saving and switch in behavior. The dynamics of this model is described by a two-dimensional (2D) discontinuous map. We obtain stability conditions of the border and interior fixed points (known as Solow and Pasinetti equilibria, respectively) and investigate bifurcation structures observed in the parameter space of this map, associated with its attracting cycles and chaotic attractors. In particular, we show that on thex-axis, which is invariant, the map is reduced to a 1D piecewise increasing discontinuous map, and prove the existence of a corresponding period adding bifurcation structure issuing from a codimension-two border collision bifurcation point. Then, we describe how this structure evolves when the related attracting cycles on thex-axis lose their transverse stability via a transcritical bifurcation and the corresponding interior cycles appear. In particular, we show that the observed bifurcation structure, being associated with the 2D discontinuous map, is characterized by multistability, that is impossible in the case of a standard period adding bifurcation structure.
On the condition number of Vandermonde matrices with pairs of nearly-colliding nodes
Authors: Kunis Stefan , Nagel Dominik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe prove upper and lower bounds for the spectral condition number of rectangular Vandermonde matrices with nodes on the complex unit circle. The nodes are “off the grid,” pairs of nodes nearly collide, and the studied condition number grows linearly with the inverse separation distance. Such growth rates are known in greater generality if all nodes collide or for groups of colliding nodes. For pairs of nodes, we provide reasonable sharp constants that are independent of the number of nodes as long as non-colliding nodes are well-separated.
A hybrid semismooth quasi-Newton method for nonsmooth optimal control with PDEs
Authors: Mannel Florian , Rund Armin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe propose a semismooth Newton-type method for nonsmooth optimal control problems. Its particular feature is the combination of a quasi-Newton method with a semismooth Newton method. This reduces the computational costs in comparison to semismooth Newton methods while maintaining local superlinear convergence. The method applies to Hilbert space problems whose objective is the sum of a smooth function, a regularization term, and a nonsmooth convex function. In the theoretical part of this work we establish the local superlinear convergence of the method in an infinite-dimensional setting and discuss its application to sparse optimal control of the heat equation subject to box constraints. We verify that the assumptions for local superlinear convergence are satisfied in this application and we prove that convergence can take place in stronger norms than that of the Hilbert space if initial error and problem data permit. In the numerical part we provide a thorough study of the hybrid approach on two optimal control problems, including an engineering problem from magnetic resonance imaging that involves bilinear control of the Bloch equations. We use this problem to demonstrate that the new method is capable of solving nonconvex, nonsmooth large-scale real-world problems. Among others, the study addresses mesh independence, globalization techniques, and limited-memory methods. We observe throughout that algorithms based on the hybrid methodology are several times faster in runtime than their semismooth Newton counterparts.
How to minimize cycle times of robot manufacturing systems
Authors: Hofmann Tobias , Wenzel David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe employment of industrial robot systems especially in the automotive industry noticeably changed the view of production plants and led to a tremendous increase in productivity. Nonetheless, rising technological complexity, the parallelization of production processes, as well as the crucial need for respecting specific safety issues pose new challenges for man and machine. Our goal is to develop algorithms, guidelines, and tools that make the commissioning of industrial robot systems more reliable by verifying the programs of robots and logical controllers. This in particular includes optimizing the schedule of the robot systems in order to ensure desired period times as well as conflict-free timetables already in the planning stage. The applicability of the Periodic Event Scheduling Problem proposed by Serafini and Ukovich (SIAM J Discrete Math 2(4):550–581, 1989) is investigated to tackle this cycle time minimization task, and we establish a variant of the classical formulation in order to cover the special characteristics of our scenario. We want to demonstrate how this key element forms a part of a range of developed software tools that support engineers and programmers throughout the commissioning of real-world robot production systems.
The reconstruction and biochemical characterization of ancestral genes furnish insights into the evolution of terpene synthase function in the Poaceae
Authors: Luck Katrin , Chen Xinlu , Norris Ayla M. , Chen Feng , Gershenzon Jonathan , Köllner Tobias G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Key Message
Distinct catalytic features of the Poaceae TPS-a subfamily arose early in grass evolution and the reactions catalyzed have become more complex with time.

Abstract
The structural diversity of terpenes found in nature is mainly determined by terpene synthases (TPS). TPS enzymes accept ubiquitous prenyl diphosphates as substrates and convert them into the various terpene skeletons by catalyzing a carbocation-driven reaction. Based on their sequence similarity, terpene synthases from land plants can be divided into different subfamilies, TPS-a to TPS-h. In this study, we aimed to understand the evolution and functional diversification of the TPS-a subfamily in the Poaceae (the grass family), a plant family that contains important crops such as maize, wheat, rice, and sorghum. Sequence comparisons showed that aside from one clade shared with other monocot plants, the Poaceae TPS-a subfamily consists of five well-defined clades I–V, the common ancestor of which probably originated very early in the evolution of the grasses. A survey of the TPS literature and the characterization of representative TPS enzymes from clades I–III revealed clade-specific substrate and product specificities. The enzymes in both clade I and II function as sesquiterpene synthases with clade I enzymes catalyzing initial C10-C1 or C11-C1 ring closures and clade II enzymes catalyzing C6-C1 closures. The enzymes of clade III mainly act as monoterpene synthases, forming cyclic and acyclic monoterpenes. The reconstruction and characterization of clade ancestors demonstrated that the differences among clades I–III were already present in their ancestors. However, the ancestors generally catalyzed simpler reactions with less double-bond isomerization and fewer cyclization steps. Overall, our data indicate an early origin of key enzymatic features of TPS-a enzymes in the Poaceae, and the development of more complex reactions over the course of evolution.
The Barcan formulas and necessary existence: the view from Quarc
Authors: Ben-Yami Hanoch 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Modal Predicate Calculus gives rise to issues surrounding the Barcan formulas, their converses, and necessary existence. I examine these issues by means of the Quantified Argument Calculus (Quarc), a recently developed, powerful formal logic system. Quarc is closer in syntax and logical properties to Natural Language than is the Predicate Calculus, a fact that lends additional interest to this examination, as Quarc might offer a better representation of our modal concepts. The validity of the Barcan formulas and their converses is shown by Quarc to be a result of the specific incorporation of quantification in the Predicate Calculus, and not as reflecting a feature of the interaction of quantification and modality more generally. Necessary existence is shown to follow from the identification, in the Predicate Calculus on its canonical interpretation, of particular quantification, ascription of existence and the ‘there is’ construction, three constructions which are distinguished in both Quarc and Natural Language. The issues surrounding the Barcan formulas, their converses and necessary existence are thus shown to be an artefact of a specific logic system, not an essential feature of our relevant modal concepts or of formal logic.
Occurrence of microplastics in pellets from the common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) along the Ticino River, North Italy
Authors: Winkler Anna , Nessi Alessandro , Antonioli Diego , Laus Michele , Santo Nadia , Parolini Marco , Tremolada Paolo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious research has reported avian plastic ingestion in marine bird species. Yet, while research attention on plastic pollution is shifting from marine to freshwater ecosystems, very few information on plastic ingestion is available for freshwater birds. Here, we examined the presence of microplastic in regurgitated pellets of the common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) collected along the Ticino River (North Italy). In total, 133 kingfisher’s pellets were examined between March and October 2019 from 54 transects along the river. Plastic elements were detected and identified by visual inspection followed by μ-FTIR and SEM-EDS. Overall, we found 12 (micro)plastics from at least three different polymers in 7.5% of the pellets. This study provides the first report of plastic uptake of this bird species. It highlights the importance of spectroscopic techniques in plastic monitoring studies in order to avoid misidentification of items found. Documenting the presence of plastic ingestion by top carnivores such as fish-eating birds is necessary to understand the pervasiveness and impact of (micro)plastic pollution in food webs of freshwater ecosystems.
Gesundheitsförderung mit Geflüchteten
Authors: Karg Stephanie , Blättner Beate , Süleyman Igde Talih 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundWeltweit sind Millionen von Menschen aufgrund von Verfolgung, politischer Diskriminierung oder Krieg auf der Flucht. Geflüchtete gehören zu einer vulnerablen und gesundheitlich benachteiligten Bevölkerungsgruppe, die in Deutschland zugleich nur beschränkten Zugang zur medizinischen Versorgung und zu präventiven Maßnahmen hat. Sie bedarf besonderer Aufmerksamkeit in der Gesundheitsförderung.Ziel der ArbeitEs interessierte die Sicht in Deutschland lebender Geflüchteter auf ihre Erfahrungen und Bedürfnisse.MethodenEs wurden 13 leitfadengestützte Interviews mit insgesamt 30 Geflüchteten aus Afghanistan, Irak, Somalia und Syrien geführt, die entweder in Gemeinschaftsunterkünften oder in eigenen Wohnungen leben. Interviewt wurden Familien im Gruppeninterview sowie einzeln Männer und Frauen zu ihren Erfahrungen im Alltag und auf der Flucht sowie zum Thema Gesundheit.ErgebnisseGeflüchtete haben viel investiert, um nach Deutschland zu gelangen und investieren z. T. viele Ressourcen, um ihrem Ziel der Selbstbestimmung über ihr Leben ein Stück näher zu kommen. Ihr Aufenthaltsstatus, nicht anerkannte Qualifikationen und fehlende Arbeitschancen, die Wahrnehmung von Misstrauen, Willkür und Ausgrenzung, Sprachbarrieren, Gesundheitsbeeinträchtigungen und ein eingeschränkter Zugang zum Gesundheitssystem erschweren das Erreichen der Ziele.SchlussfolgerungDurch den Verlust von Selbstbestimmung und Mangel an Erfahrungen zur Teilhabe an sozial anerkannten Aktivitäten im Ankunftsland kann es zu einer Abnahme an Gesundheitsressourcen kommen. Daher bedarf es einer stetigen Unterstützung der Geflüchteten, das Empfinden von Kohärenz zu erhalten oder zu entwickeln.
Schließung durch berufliche Standardisierung? – Zur Signalwirkung in- und ausländischer Abschlüsse
Authors: Bürmann Marvin 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht den Effekt des Standardisierungsgrads von Berufen auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Beschäftigten, trotz zu niedrigem Abschluss einer Tätigkeit mit höherem Anforderungsprofil nachzugehen. Auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels wird erstmals gezeigt, dass eine solche formale Unterqualifikation bei Beschäftigten mit berufsqualifizierenden Abschlüssen umso seltener ist, je standardisierter ein Beruf ist. Entgegen den theoretischen Erwartungen ist ein solcher Effekt bei Beschäftigten ohne berufsqualifizierende Abschlüsse allerdings nicht feststellbar. Wenn trotz fehlendem Abschluss der Zugang zu hoch standardisierten Berufen realisiert wird, ist eine Beschäftigung auf höheren Stellen mindestens gleich wahrscheinlich wie in gering standardisierten Berufen. Insgesamt wirkt sich der Standardisierungsgrad bei Migranten genauso stark auf die Unterqualifikation aus wie bei Personen ohne Migrationshintergrund. Migranten schaffen allerdings seltener den Zugang zu standardisierten Berufen. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die berufliche Schließung bei Migranten zusätzlich zur berufsinternen Schließung über den erschwerten Zugang zu standardisierten Berufen wirksam wird.
The Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Renal, Neurological, and Ophthalmic Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: the Taiwan Diabesity Study
Authors: Chang Yi-Cheng , Chao Seh-Huang , Chen Ching-Chu , Ser Kong-Han , Chong Keong , Lu Chieh-Hsiang , Hsieh Meng-Lun , Huang Yu-Yao , Lee Yi-Chih , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Chuang Lee-Ming , Lee Wei-Jei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Bariatric surgery has been shown to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, less is known whether it can also reduce diabetic renal, neurological, and ophthalmic complications.

Methods
This prospective multicenter cohort study compared renal, ophthalmic, and neurological complications between 49 patients with obesity/overweight receiving bariatric surgery and 338 patients receiving standard medical treatment after follow-up for 2 years. Patients received neurological examinations including toe tuning fork vibration test, ankle tendon reflex test, 10-g monofilament test, and ophthalmic examinations including visual acuity measurement and fundus examinations. Multiple regressions, propensity score weighting, and matching were employed to adjust for baseline differences.

Results
After 2 years of follow-up, patients with type 2 diabetes receiving bariatric surgery had greater reduction in BMI, HbA1c, and urine albumin–creatinine ratio, greater improvement in estimated glomerular filtration rate, and greater increase in tuning fork test score of right and left toes compared with the medical group. However, there is no improvement in 10 g-monofilament test, visual acuity, diabetic non-proliferative retinopathy, and proliferative retinopathy. Similar results were obtained using multiple regression adjustment, propensity-score weighting, or comparing age-, sex-, and BMI-matched subjects.

Conclusions
After 2-year follow-up, patients with obesity/overweight and type 2 diabetes receiving bariatric surgery have increased glomerular filtration rate, reduced albuminuria, and improved tuning folk vibration sensation.
Does Whole-Body Vibration Treatment Make Children’s Bones Stronger?
Authors: Swolin-Eide Diana , Magnusson Per 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To summarize the last 10 years of literature regarding the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on bone in children, and if WBV results in increased bone acquisition.

Recent Findings
WBV intervention appears to be a safe intervention with beneficial effects on bone mass in some diseases and syndromes, but there is still low evidence for WBV in clinical practice. The positive effects on muscle strength, balance, and walking speed are more conclusive. One of the takeaways of this review is that well-trained individuals may not further improve bone mass with WBV; thus, interventions are more beneficial in pediatric individuals with Down syndrome or severe motor disabilities with low bone mass and reduced activity levels.

Summary
WBV appears to be a safe non-pharmacological anabolic approach to increase bone mass in some pediatric populations; however, longer (> 6 months) and larger prospective studies are needed to elucidate the efficacy of WBV on bone health in young individuals.
Building energy modeling at neighborhood scale
Authors: Mutani Guglielmina , Todeschi Valeria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe urban climate and outdoor air quality of cities that have a positive thermal balance depending on the thermal consumptions of buildings cause an increase of the urban heat island and global warming effects. The aim of this work has been to develop an energy balance using the energy consumption data of the district heating network. The here presented engineering energy model is at a neighborhood scale, and the energy-use results have been obtained from a heat balance of residential buildings, by means of a quasi-steady state method, on a monthly basis. The modeling approach also considers the characteristics of the urban context that may have a significant effect on its energy performance. The model includes a number of urban variables, such as solar exposition and thermal radiation lost to the sky of the built environment. This methodology was applied to thirty-three 1 km × 1 km meshes in the city of Turin, using the monthly energy consumption data of three consecutive heating seasons. The results showed that the model is accurate for old built areas; the average error is 10% for buildings constructed before 1970, while the error reaches 20% for newer buildings. The importance and originality of this study are related to the fact that the energy balance is applied at neighborhood scale and urban parameters are introduced with the support of a GIS tool. The resulting engineering models can be applied as a decision support tool for citizens, public administrations, and policy makers to evaluate the distribution of energy consumptions and the relative GHG emissions to promote a more sustainable urban environment. Future researches will be carried out with the aim of introducing other urban variables into the model, such as the canyon effect and the presence of vegetation.
Providers’ Experiences with Delivering School-Based Targeted Prevention for Adolescents with Anxiety Symptoms: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Husabo Elisabeth , Haugland Bente S. M. , Wergeland Gro Janne , Maeland Silje 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe school setting is important for delivering targeted prevention to adolescents with anxiety. However, schools may not have available providers with training or experience in delivering evidence-based interventions, e.g., school psychologists. Training providers available in the schools, e.g., school nurses, is important. Further, to investigate their experiences in delivering targeted prevention to adolescents with anxiety could help understand factors promoting implementation success. A qualitative study including focus groups with providers of school-based targeted prevention cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety in adolescents was conducted. Focus group interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Systematic Text Condensation, a method for thematic cross-case analysis was used. The Active Implementation Framework (AIF) was used to contextualize the results. Seventeen providers participated in the study. They reported several facilitators contributing to successful implementation: Their feeling of competence in delivering the interventions were built through skills-based training, supervision, and collegial support. Conducting initial assessment of each adolescent helped the providers individualize the interventions. Seeing positive outcomes in adolescents gave the providers motivation to continue implementation. Further, collaborating with teachers facilitated both recruitment of adolescents and administering group sessions. Minimal leadership-oriented factors were reported. Overall, the findings correspond to some of the drivers in AIF. This study offers providers’ perspectives on implementation of targeted prevention for anxiety in the school setting. Our results show that providers experience mastery in delivery when receiving support, training, and supervision. This seems to be essential facilitators for implementing much needed targeted prevention for youth with anxiety.