bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Screening for Celiac Disease: The Autoimmunity Screening for Kids Study
Authors: Stahl Marisa G. , Geno Rasmussen Cristy , Dong Fran , Waugh Kathleen , Norris Jill M. , Baxter Judith , Yu Liping , Steck Andrea K. , Frohnert Brigitte I. , Liu Edwin , Rewers Marian J. ,   the ASK Study Group
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The Autoimmunity Screening for Kids (ASK) study is a large scale pediatric screening study in Colorado for celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes. This is a report of the CD outcomes for the first 9,973 children screened through ASK.

METHODS:
ASK screens children aged 1–17 years for CD using 2 highly sensitive assays for tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (TGA): a radiobinding (RBA) assay for IgA TGA and an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay that detects all TGA isotypes. Children who test positive on either assay are asked to return for confirmatory testing. Those with a confirmed RBA TGA level ≥ 0.1 (twice the upper limit of normal) are referred to the Colorado Center for Celiac Disease for further evaluation; all others are referred to primary care.

RESULTS:
Of the initial 9,973 children screened, 242 children were TGA+ by any assay. Of those initially positive, 185 children (76.4%) have completed a confirmation blood draw with 149 children (80.5%) confirming positive by RBA TGA. Confirmed RBA TGA+ was associated with a family history of CD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.83; 95% confidence interval 1.06–3.16), non-Hispanic white ethnicity (OR = 3.34; 2.32–4.79), and female sex (OR = 1.43; 1.03–1.98). Gastrointestinal symptoms of CD, assessed at the initial screening, were reported equally often among the RBA TGA+ vs TGA− children (32.1% vs 30.5%, P = 0.65).

DISCUSSION:
The initial results of this ongoing mass-screening program confirm a high prevalence of undiagnosed CD autoimmunity in a screened US population. Symptoms at initial screening were not associated with TGA status (see Visual abstract, Supplementary Digital Content 5, http://links.lww.com/AJG/B587).
Genome Resequencing, Improvement of Variant Calling, and Population Genomic Analyses Provide Insights into the Seedlessness in the GenusVitis
Authors: Kim Myung-Shin , Hur Youn Young , Kim Ji Hong , Jeong Soon-Chun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe seedlessness of grape derived from stenospermocarpy is one of the most prized traits of table or raisin grapes. It is controlled by a complex genetic system containing one dominant gene and multiple recessive genes. Here, we collected dense variation data from high-depth resequencing data of seeded, seedless, and wild relative grape genomes sequenced to &gt; 37x mean depth. Variant calls were made using a modified variant calling pipeline that was suitable for highly diverse interspecific grape accessions. The modified pipeline enabled us to call several million more variants than the commonly recommended pipeline. The quality was validated by Sanger sequencing data and subsequently supported by the genetic population structure and the phylogenetic tree constructed using the obtained variation data, results of which were generally consistent with known pedigree and taxonomic classifications. Variation data enabled us to confirm a dominant gene and identify recessive loci for seedlessness. Incidentally, we found that grape cultivar Rizamat contains an ancestral chromosomal region of the dominant gene in Sultanina, a predominant seedlessness donor cultivar. Furthermore, we predicted new candidate causal genes including Vitvi01g00455, Vitvi08g01528, and Vitvi18g01237 associated with the recessive seedless-regulating loci, which showed high homology with genes that regulate seed development in Arabidopsis. This study provides fundamental insights relevant to variant calling from genome resequencing data of diverse interspecific hybrid germplasms such as grape and will accelerate future efforts aimed at crop improvement.
Intrauterine Device Use in Adolescents With Disabilities
Authors: Schwartz Beth I. , Alexander Morgan , Breech Lesley L. 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are increasingly being used in adolescents and nulliparous women for contraception. Levonorgestrel IUDs also have beneficial effects on bleeding and pain. Although they are recommended for menstrual suppression in adolescents with disabilities, there are limited data on their use in this population. Our objective is to describe the characteristics and experiences of levonorgestrel IUD use in nulliparous children, adolescents, and young adults with physical, intellectual, and developmental disabilities.

METHODS:
A retrospective chart review was conducted for all nulliparous patients ages ≤22 with physical, intellectual, or developmental disabilities who had levonorgestrel IUDs placed between July 1, 2004, and June 30, 2014, at a tertiary-care children’s hospital. Descriptive statistical analysis and survival analysis were performed.

RESULTS:
In total, 185 levonorgestrel IUDs were placed in 159 patients with disabilities. The mean age was 16.3 (3.3; range of 9–22) years. Only 4% had ever been sexually active; 96% of IUDs were inserted in the operating room. IUD continuation rate at 1 year was 95% (95% confidence interval: 93%–100%) and at 5 years was 73% (95% confidence interval: 66%–83%). The amenorrhea rate was ∼60% throughout the duration of IUD use among those with available follow-up data. Side effects and complications were ≤3%.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study, we provide evidence for the therapeutic benefit and safety of levonorgestrel IUD use in adolescents and young adults with physical, intellectual, and developmental disabilities. It should be considered as a menstrual management and contraceptive option for this population.
Clinical and etiological profile of neonatal sepsis in children admitted to tertiary care hospital
Authors: Wani Jawad Nazir , Pandita Vivek , Yousuf Saleem , Yousuf Nusrat 
Published: July 2020

Background: Neonatal sepsis is leading cause of mortality in children. The clinical presentation of neonatal sepsis is non-specific and variable. This study was undertaken to study clinical and etiological profile of neonatal sepsis.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted over a period of one year from March 2018 to March 2019. The patients with clinically suspected sepsis were included in this study. Detailed history and examination was done in all patients. In addition to baseline investigations, C-reactive protein and blood culture was done in all patients. Blood culture was done prior to administration of antibiotics.Results: In this study there were total of 102 patients out of which 54 were male and 48 were female. Among 102 patients, 69 patients were premature born before 37 weeks of gestation. Prematurity emerged to be the most common risk factor. In this study 62% patients had EOS (<72 hours of life) and 38% had LOS (>72 hours of life). The most common presenting feature were refusal of feeds, lethargy, respiratory distress and hypothermia. Other features were seizures, abdominal distension, apnea and sclerema. Blood culture was positive in 41% patients. The most common organism isolated on culture was Kleibsella followed by E. coli.Conclusions: Neonatal sepsis is leading cause of mortality in children. Early diagnosis and treatment is of paramount importance to prevent mortality. The clinical presentation of neonatal sepsis is non-specific and variable. So, high index of suspicion is required to detect sepsis at earliest. Gram negative organism like Kleibsella and E. coli are the common causative organism in neonatal sepsis.
Significance of cord blood nucleated red blood cell count in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia as a marker for intra uterine growth restriction
Authors: Krishna Priyanka , R. Karthik , E. Adarsh 
Published: July 2020

Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome of reduced organ perfusion secondary to vasospasm and endothelial activation which is typically characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, edema and fetal compromise which is a leading cause of intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR). Elevated nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) count is introduced as a potential marker of intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) hence determination of NRBC counts is essentially helpful in predicting short term neurodevelopment outcome. Objective of the study Elevated nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) count is introduced as a potential marker of intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) in term babies born to preeclamptic mothersMethods: A cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital to evaluate the significance of cord blood NRBC count in term neonates born with pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia. It included 60 healthy mothers (control group) and 60 mothers with PIH. Collected data was analysed with SPSS software.Results: The nucleated red blood cell in cord blood of newborns in preeclampsia group was significantly higher than in the control group (p value 0.013). IUGR is significantly higher in PIH group (p value 0.008).Conclusions: From the observed data it is concluded that IUGR is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The commonest maternal cause for IUGR was pregnancy induced hypertension. The other contributing factors were anemia, lack of awareness (unregistered, unbooked cases) among mothers, poor maternal nutrition and poor weight gain during pregnancy. Infants of preeclamptic women have higher nucleated red blood cell count at birth than control which means that preeclampsia may produce an erythropoietic response in the fetus. The positive correlation between cord nucleated red blood cell counts in preeclamptic patients and control group indicates that may be the hypoperfused placenta plays a role in this correlation.
Thyroidectomy by lateral approach our experience of 218 cases
Authors: Rahman Bhuiyan Mohammad Ashequr , Zakaria Sarker M. , Nazmul Haque M. , Mahmudul Amin Sakik M. , Khan Saif Rahman , Hasan Rifat , Rahman Hasan Hafizur 
Published: July 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Thyroidectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedure worldwide. During the last century, it became an accepted operation. The aim of the study to observe the outcome of thyroid surgery by lateral approach.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study was conducted in department of ENT, National institute of ENT, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2015 to June 2019. A total number of 218 patients of thyroid surgeries were selected as a study sample by simple random sampling technique. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study, male to female ratio was 1:4.3 with an age ranges from 10-70 years. Mean age was 38.5±8.10 years. Among the participants, 80 were carcinoma thyroid and 138 were benign thyroid diseases. Out of 138 benign thyroid lesions, nodular goitres were 126 (91.30%), follicular adenoma was 8 (5.79%), and toxic MNG were 4 (2.89%). Among 80 cases of carcinoma thyroid, papillary carcinoma was 75 (93.75%), follicular carcinoma was 2 (2.57%) and medullary carcinoma were 3 (3.75%). 28 patients of carcinoma thyroid presented with neck node metastasis. We could identify 382 (98.96%) of recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLN). Temporary paresis of RLN was 16 (4.16%), permanent RLN palsy was 03 (0.78%). Temporary parathyroid insufficiency was 47 (27.97%), permanent insufficiency was 2 (1.19%) up to one year follow up.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Lateral approach to thyroid is a safe alternative to the standard approach for re-explorative thyroid surgery. Lateral approach to thyroid is an alternative to both conventional thyroidectomy and for parathyroid explorations.</p>
Comparative study of intralesional injection of triamcinolone versus placental extract in cases of oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Dhanani Ankur N. , Patel Alpesh V. , Laungani Vijay S. , Patel Margi H. , Sharma Pooja A. 
Published: July 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a common premalignant condition caused by chewing arecanut, betel quid and gutkha with tobacco. One of the important therapeutic modalities is intralesional injection therapy. The most commonly used intralesional agents are placental extract, corticosteroids and hyaluronidase.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients of OSMF (30) were randomly allocated and 15 patients were given 1 ml placental extract submucosally in each retromolar trigon weekly for 8 weeks and 15 patients were injected with 40 mg/ml of triamcinolone submucosally on each side weekly for 8 weeks. The mouth opening was measured as the inter-incisor distance by Vernier calliper at maximal active mouth opening by patient at initial visit and every follow up visit and recorded. Treatment outcome was evaluated on the basis of improvement in trismus, oral mucosal pattern and reduction in burning sensation. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 30 patients, 27 were males and 3 females. 16 patients (53.33%) were in the age group of 21-30 years. Most of patients in our study had complain of reduced mouth opening and inability to take spicy food which is 93.33% of cases followed by burning sensation in mouth 90%, oral ulceration 83.33%, dryness of mouth 30%, difficulty/pain in swallowing 13.33% and halitosis 2%. 60% of patients mouth opening was improved &gt;10 mm with triamcinolone while in placental extract 26.6%. Symptomatic relief were obtained more with injection placental extract.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Triamcinolone injection has more improvement in mouth opening compared to placental extract. It was observed that injection placental extract gives good symptomatic relief in the major symptoms like burning sensation in mouth, inability to take spicy food, oral ulceration compared to injection triamcinolone.</p>
Comparative study showing relevance of prosthesis diameter and hearing outcome in stapes surgery
Authors: Thangavel Udayanila , Katakdhond Harish Narasing , Dalmia Deepak , Davange Narsinha , Patni Parth , Goyal Rizul 
Published: July 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Otosclerosis presents as conductive hearing loss, stapedotomy is the treatment for otosclerosis, and different sizes of piston diameter are available for the procedure. Aims and objectives were to study and compare hearing improvement between the 0.4 and 0.6 mm sizes of teflon piston in stapedotomy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> It was a prospective randomized controlled trial. Patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were subjected for small fenestra stapedotomy. Patients were divided into two groups after randomization into group A (with 0.4 mm piston diameter) and group B (with 0.6 mm piston diameter). The hearing outcome with standard audiological assessment was performed at one month and six months postoperatively. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Comparison of 1 month AB gap among the patients with 0.4 mm piston and 0.6 mm piston showed that there was no statistically significant difference among both the groups of patients (independent t test p value=0.699). Comparison of 6 month AB gap among the patients with 0.4 mm piston and 0.6 mm piston showed that there was no statistically significant difference among both the groups of patients (independent t test p value=0.54).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There was no significant difference in hearing improvement among the individual methods (piston size 0.4 and 0.6) with each other both in 1 month post-operative and 6 month post-operative follow up. Hence, we conclude that there is no relevance of different diameter of teflon piston prosthesis (0.4 mm versus 0.6 mm) as far as hearing outcome is concerned.</p>
Clinical profile of tracheo-bronchial foreign body inhalation at tertiary care center
Authors: Samor Vivek , Kumar Vijay , Chand Deep , Gupta Gaurav , . Mamta , Agrawal Manish 
Published: July 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Inhalation of foreign bodies can be life threatening and are common in paediatric age group with peak incidence in the age group of 1-3 years. The objectives were to study the clinical profile of foreign body (FB) inhalation and to study the complications of tracheo-bronchial foreign body and rigid bronchoscopy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional hospital based diagnostic study conducted for 1 year, done on 50 patients with FB inhalation, included consecutively in study after obtaining informed consent. Patients were assessed and interviewed for socio demographic details and examined using chest X-ray PA view, routine investigations and pre-anaesthetic evaluation. After all investigations a diagnostic bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia was performed to extract the foreign body. Data were analyzed through tables and diagrams and appropriate test of significance by Epi Info software. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total 50 FB inhalation cases (up to 10 years) in which 40% presented within 5 days to 2 weeks after inhalation. 92% were presents with cough and on chest examination 88% found to had decreased air entry, 72% presents with decreased movement and dull percussion on affected side. 70% of patients had abnormal chest X-ray finding. Foreign body found were groundnut (44%) followed by supari (32%) mostly in right main bronchus. We observed 10% patients with pneumonia, 4% had granuloma and 2% had bronchospasm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Prevention is best, but early recognition remains a critical factor in the treatment of FB inhalation in children. </p>
Is There no Place for Us? The Psychosocial Challenges and Rewards of Aging with HIV
Authors: Emlet Charles A , Brennan‐Ing Mark 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly half a million people aged fifty years and older have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the US. This population will continue to grow and some estimates suggest that approximately 70% of all persons with HIV (PWH) in the US will be 50 and over by 2030. This pattern is found globally, as access to antiretroviral therapy becomes widespread. This population includes newly infected older adults and long‐term survivors aging with HIV. This article reviews the challenges and opportunities for older PWH, focusing primarily on psychosocial issues. While the growth of this population testifies to the success of HIV treatments, older PWH encounter numerous difficulties in later life, including high rates of multi‐morbidity, behavioral health issues, HIV stigma, and social isolation. Many older PWH face difficulties finding care in fragmented systems poorly aligned for the dual challenges of aging and having HIV. We address these structural problems and misalignment with eight policy recommendations to improve access to care and support healthy aging. These recommendations fall into three main categories: 1) increased recognition of this population in planning and the National HIV/AIDS Strategy, 2) improved access to programs through the Ryan White and Older American's Act programs, and 3) better surveillance data on this population globally. Short of a cure, the dramatic increase in the population of older PWH will continue for the foreseeable future. It is the duty of advocates, gerontologists, health and social service providers, and policymakers to meet the needs of those growing older with HIV.
Developing Age‐friendly Cities: Policy Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Phillipson Chris , Buffel Tine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince the mid‐2000s, the need to create age‐friendly cities and communities, meaning places where older people are actively involved, valued, and supported, has emerged as a major concern for urban policy. The World Health Organization (WHO) has driven this age‐friendly agenda through its Global Network for Age‐friendly Cities and Communities (GNAFCC). This paper reviews some of the challenges associated with the development of this policy, given the variety of economic and social pressures facing urban communities. The discussion provides background to the development of the age‐friendly model and a summary of some of the factors necessary for its successful implementation. The paper then reviews a range of key areas where age‐friendly policies might be developed, with a particular focus on issues relating to the various inequalities affecting older populations. The paper also emphasises the importance of future age‐friendly work being grounded in collaboration with the range of movements seeking to improve the quality of life of people living in cities. The paper concludes with a call for a more inclusive age‐friendly movement, one that acknowledges the full diversity of aging experiences.
Rehabilitación oral compleja en un paciente comprometido periodontalmente. Reporte de caso clínico y seguimiento por 6 años
Authors: Gonzales-Mattos Jeanette , Kobayashi Shinya Arturo , Quintana del Solar Martin 
Published: July 2020

La rehabilitación oral de pacientes comprometidos periodontalmente nos plantea un desafío clínico ya que conlleva muchos pasos sensibles y sobre todo el compromiso del paciente para cumplir un plan de mantenimiento adecuado. Por lo tanto, para alcanzar los resultados esperados es necesario e imprescindible un tratamiento multidisciplinario que involucre especialidades que trabajen bajo un plan de tratamiento coordinado. Con la introducción de los implantes dentales se ha proporcionado beneficios a los pacientes llevando a mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente así como su grado de satisfacción. En el presente artículo se relata el caso clínico de un paciente periodontalmente comprometido, su tratamiento y seguimiento por seis años hasta alcanzar el éxito del mismo con una rehabilitación implanto soportada tipo prótesis híbrida en el maxilar superior y coronas cementadas sobre implantes en el maxilar inferior siguiendo un protocolo que nos brinda predictibilidad y una alta satisfacción del paciente.
Métabolisme protéique chez le poulet en croissance. Effet des protéines alimentaires
Authors: TESSERAUD S. 
Published: July 2020

Pour assurer une croissance musculaire maximale tout en évitant de gaspiller l’azote, une possibilité consiste à diminuer l’apport alimentaire de protéines et rééquilibrer les régimes en les supplémentant en acides aminés industriels. Connaître les conséquences des variations de l’apport protéique alimentaire (quantités et composition en acides aminés) sur les activités respectives de la synthèse et de la dégradation des protéines, dont le bilan détermine le dépôt protéique, permet de rationaliser cette démarche.
Les méthodes de mesure de la synthèse des protéines les plus couramment employées sont présentées en insistant particulièrement sur les hypothèses sur lesquelles elles reposent et leurs limites. Les techniques permettant d’estimer la dégradation des protéines sont également brièvement discutées. Le renouvellement des protéines tissulaires et corporelles varie en fonction de facteurs liés à l’animal : le taux de synthèse diminue avec l’âge, notamment dans les muscles squelettiques, et le taux de dégradation est très lié au type génétique du poulet.
Le taux protéique de la ration modifie le métabolisme protéique par des effets propres dus aux quantités de protéines ingérées ainsi que par des effets liés aux variations de ces niveaux d’apports (restriction puis réalimentation protéique). La composition en acides aminés des protéines alimentaires joue également un rôle important. Ainsi la diminution de l’apport en protéines ou en un acide aminé produit une réduction des quantités de protéines synthétisées et, dans une moindre mesure, de celles dégradées. Les mécanismes régulant le dépôt protéique lorsque les apports quantitatifs et qualitatifs d’acides aminés varient, restent cependant mal connus. L’approfondissement de leur étude au niveau de différents tissus et organes, en intégrant les facteurs physiologiques et hormonaux, permettrait de mieux raisonner la supplémentation en acides aminés.