bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CATEGORIA DA “ALTERIDADE” EM “O SEGUNDO SEXO” DE SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR
Authors: Felden Patrícia 
Published: January 2021

RESUMO
Em “O Segundo Sexo” Simone de Beauvoir desenvolve uma forte crítica contra a visão machista que encara “a mulher como “outro” em sentido negativo (com relação ao masculino), não reconhecida como alteridade positiva, com características próprias e independentes das imposições masculinas. O presente trabalho busca realizar uma reflexão inicial a respeito das considerações de Beauvoir no que diz respeito a categoria da “Alteridade” direcionada ao sujeito feminino, encarada como uma “alteridade em segundo plano” para a qual não se reconhece reciprocidade. Este trabalho foi apresentado na XV Semana acadêmica de Filosofia (Balbúrdia: os desafios das humanidades) na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Alteridade, Beauvoir, O Segundo Sexo, Reciprocidade, Ética.
POR UMA ABORDAGEM UNIVERSALISTA EM FILOSOFIA DA RELIGIÃO
Authors: Koslowski Adilson 
Published: January 2021

A filosofia da religião tradicional tem sido marcada pelo estudo das crenças do teísmo (judaísmo, cristianismo e o islã), mas de modo mais restritivo tem se focado nas crenças cristãs. Criticando essa abordagem, vamos contrapô-la a uma perspectiva universalista como sustentada pelo filósofo neozelandês Gregory W. Dawes fundamentalmente em seu livro Religion, Philosophy and Knowledge (2017). Nosso objetivo é apresentar esse programa de pesquisa filosófico como uma opção ao tradicional. A estratégia de Dawes é não focar no estudo das crenças, mas nas fontes do conhecimento religioso que ao mesmo tempo não são tantas, porém abarcam a todas as religiões. Concluímos que essa nova abordagem tem várias vantagens em relação à anterior, pois vivemos em um mundo globalizado onde reina o pluralismo religioso.
HISTÓRIA, LITERATURA E ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA: A ESCRAVIDÃO EM MARIA FIRMINA DOS REIS
Authors: Oliveira Cleidiane , Rebelatto Martha 
Published: January 2021

As obras e a trajetória de Maria Firmina dos Reis, autora negra maranhense nascida em 1822, ganharam destaque que vem se acentuando desde 1975 em eventos de literatura, publicações e no meio acadêmico. Neste artigo, interessa-nos discutir sobre os usos da literatura, especificamente o romance Úrsula, de Maria Firmina dos Reis, nas aulas de História para pensar sobre a temática da escravidão. O debate busca refletir sobre como o uso da literatura nas aulas de História pode contribuir com o processo de construção de alunos capazes de se apropriar do saber como ferramenta para interpretar o mundo e construir significados na contemporaneidade para os temas estudados. Para isso, analisaremos como a literatura, enquanto fonte para a história, dialoga com a sociedade na qual é produzida, apropriando-se e interferindo no seu tempo histórico, bem como, no caso específico da autora analisada, as condições da contemporaneidade para a releitura de Maria Firmina dos Reis. Pretendemos estabelecer alguns caminhos para trabalhar com a literatura em sala de aula, discutindo problemáticas próprias da História. Por fim, buscamos também problematizar e levar para a sala de aula o fazer do professor-pesquisador e do historiador, com o objetivo de abordar como é construído o saber histórico.
SALÁRIO-EDUCAÇÃO: UM MECANISMO DE FINANCIAMENTO
Authors: Cury Carlos Roberto Jamil , Bordignon Genuíno 
Published: January 2021

Este artigo pretende historiar a chegada do salário-educação ao ordenamento jurídico nacional e sua evolução posterior, com suas mudanças. Como mecanismo de financiamento da educação escolar brasileira, ele se acopla a outros mecanismos, sobretudo, os constitucionais de financiamento da educação. Como tal, esse mecanismo tornou-se importante para o direito à educação, já que se impõe como uma forma de colaboração da sociedade no financiamento da educação e, no caso das empresas privadas, na função social da propriedade. Esse artigo se apoia em documentos históricos, oficiais e em uma bibliografia de apoio.
Jason of Pherai (Pherae)
Authors: Sprawski Sławomir 
Published: January 2021

AbstractJason of Pherai (?–370bce) was a Thessalian tyrant and military commander highly valued by Xenophon. He managed to gain control of all of Thessaly (ca. 375/4) and secured his election astagosof the Thessalian League. After the battle of Leuktra in 371 he negotiated a truce between the Thebans and the Spartans. Subsequently he secured his influence in the Thermopylai area. There were rumors about his plans to plunder Delphi, take over hegemony in Greece, and invade Persia. Jason was assassinated during preparation to supervise the Delphic festival of Pythia.
Banks
Authors: Andreau Jean 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn Greek and Roman antiquity, one must not confuse moneylending with deposit banking. Deposit bankers, who appeared in Athens in the fifth centurybce(trapezitai) and in Rome at the end of the fourth centurybce(argentarii), were professional people. Their job was to accept and to hold deposits both for indefinite periods or for fixed terms, to exchange money, and, in the western part of the Roman world, to take part in auctions in order to lend money to those who bought at auction. A bank was characterized by the bond between the banker and his client. The link was manifest in a series of operations conducted by the banker and in the record of these operations that was entered in a register.
Agrippina the Younger
Authors: Barrett Anthony A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Agrippina the Younger (14–59
ce
) was the granddaughter of Augustus, the sister of Caligula, the wife of Claudius, and the mother of Nero. A woman of remarkable energy and ambition, she exercised considerable influence in the imperial court, but her attempts to interfere in political matters soon alienated her son, Nero, and led eventually to her murder.
Ituraea and Ituraeans
Authors: Kropp Andreas J. M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

The Ituraeans, a semi‐nomadic people that occupied the Beqa‘ Valley (Lebanon) and adjoining areas, are attested in Classical sources as mountain brigands posing a threat to civilian life. Under the leadership of their tetrarchs in the first century
bce
, they expanded their dominion from the Phoenician coast to the Syrian steppe, but were then curtailed by successive Roman emperors.
Codex Hermopolis
Authors: Lippert Sandra L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Designation of a Demotic manuscript (third century
bce
) written on the recto of a papyrus found in 1938 at Tuna el‐Gebel, on the western side of Hermopolis Magna (Ashmunein) in Upper Egypt, and now in the Egyptian Museum at Cairo (
P.Cairo
JE 89127–89130
+
89137–89143); on the verso is a mathematical text.
Law, civil
Authors: du Plessis Paul J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Civil law (and the associated concept “civilian tradition”), derived from the Latin
ius civile
, is the term used in contemporary legal scholarship to refer to the reception of Roman law into the legal systems of western Europe. This use of the term is different from its original meaning as that body of Roman law only available to Roman citizens, which was used in Roman legal sources as an antithesis to the
ius gentium
, that body of law which was common to all men.
Surface/Interface Chemistry Engineering of Correlated‐Electron Materials: From Conducting Solids, Phase Transitions to External‐Field Response
Authors: Li Zejun , Wu Qiran , Wu Changzheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCorrelated electronic materials (CEMs) with strong electron−electron interactions are often associated with exotic properties, such as metal‐insulator transition (MIT), charge density wave (CDW), superconductivity, and magnetoresistance (MR), which are fundamental to next generation condensed matter research and electronic devices. When the dimension of CEMs decreases, exposing extremely high specific surface area and enhancing electronic correlation, the surface states are equally important to the bulk phase. Therefore, surface/interface chemical interactions provide an alternative route to regulate the intrinsic properties of low‐dimensional CEMs. Here, recent achievements in surface/interface chemistry engineering of low‐dimensional CEMs are reviewed, using surface modification, molecule−solid interaction, and interface electronic coupling, toward modulation of conducting solids, phase transitions including MIT, CDW, superconductivity, and magnetism transition, as well as external‐field response. Surface/interface chemistry engineering provides a promising strategy for exploring novel properties and functional applications in low‐dimensional CEMs. Finally, the current challenge and outlook of the surface/interface engineering are also pointed out for future research development.
Calibrating AquaCrop model using genetic algorithm with multi‐objective functions applying different weight factors
Authors: Guo Daxin , Olesen Jørgen Eivind , Pullens Johannes W. M. , Guo Changjiang , Ma Xiaoyi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFast and efficient calibration is essential for the effective application of crop models. However, many formulas, parameters, and nonlinear responses in crop models make calibration difficult and time consuming. Using an intelligent optimization algorithm to calibrate the model has advantages in global search ability, optimization speed, and automatic calibration compared to the manual trial and error method, although performance may depend strongly on the objective function used. This study evaluated the use of an improved genetic algorithm, namely elite genetic algorithm (EGA), for calibration of a water‐driven crop model (AquaCrop) using three different objective functions separately, which comprise observed variables from harvest and in‐season data and differ in calculating the weight factors of these variables. Observations of maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different irrigation treatments were used for model calibration and validation. The results showed satisfactory calibration performances for the EGA applying the three objective functions, that is, the coefficient of determination and index of agreement were all >0.97 for canopy cover (CC) and biomass of both maize and wheat, and also showed good agreement between simulated and observed soil water storage. The three objective functions differed in calibration speed and performance, since they differ in error source and calculation, moreover, they performed similar or better than manual calibration. The validation results showed that the AquaCrop model calibrated by the EGA can predict CC, biomass, yield, and soil water storage of maize and wheat. In general, calibration of the AquaCrop model using EGA greatly improves the model application efficiency for irrigation management.
A stable metal–organic framework with well‐matched pore cavity for efficient acetylene separation
Authors: Chen Yang , Du Yadan , Wang Yong , Krishna Rajamani , Li Libo , Yang Jiangfeng , Li Jinping , Mu Bin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcetylene, an important petrochemical feedstock, is the starting chemical to produce many polymer products. Separating C2H2 from its by‐product mixtures is still an energy‐consuming process and remains challenging. Here, we present a metal–organic framework[Zn2(bpy)(btec)], with a desirable pore geometry and stable framework, which demonstrated a high separation performance of C2H2 from simulated mixtures. With the desirable pore dimension and hydrogen bonding sites, Zn2(bpy)(btec) shows by far the both highest C2H2/C2H4 and C2H2/CO2 uptake ratios, very high adsorption selectivities and moderately C2H2 uptake of 93.5 cm3/cm3 under 298 K and 1 atm. Not only straightforwardly produced high purity of C2H4, but also recovered high purity of C2H2 (>98%) in the regeneration process (>92% recovery). More notably, Zn2(bpy)(btec) can be straightforwardly synthesized at a large scale under environmentally friendly conditions, and its good water/chemical stability, thermostability, and cyclic stability highlight the promise of this molecular sieving material for industrial C2H2 separation.
Regioselektive und redox‐neutrale Cp*IrIII‐katalysierte allylische C‐H‐Alkinylierung
Authors: Mondal Shobhan , Pinkert Tobias , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Glorius Frank 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHierin berichten wir über ein Cp*IrIII‐katalysiertes, hochregioselektives und redoxneutrales Protokoll für den Aufbau von 1,4‐Eninen aus unaktivierten Olefinen und Bromalkinen über intermolekulare allylische C‐H‐Alkinylierung. Die entwickelten milden Reaktionsbedingungen tolerieren ein breites Spektrum gängiger funktioneller Gruppen und ermöglichen sogar die selektive Alkinylierung allylischer C‐H‐Bindungen in Gegenwart anderer prominenter dirigierender Gruppen. Mechanistische Experimente, einschließlich der Isolation einer katalytisch aktiven IrIII‐Allylspezies, deuten auf eine intermolekulare allylische C‐H‐Aktivierung, gefolgt von einer elektrophilen Alkinylierung hin.
Effect of the co‐digestion of agricultural lignocellulosic residues with manure from South American camelids
Authors: Meneses‐Quelal Orlando , Velázquez‐Martí Borja , Gaibor‐Chávez Juan , Niño‐Ruiz Zulay 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the effects of the co‐digestion of agricultural residues with manure from camelids from the Andean zone. Different combinations of llama manure (LM) and vicuñas (VM) were made with amaranth (AS), quinoa (QS), and wheat (WS) residues. They were fermented using sewage sludge as inoculum. The co‐digestion was evaluated under mesophilic conditions for 40 days. The ratios of volatile substances of substrate / co‐substrate evaluated were 0:100; 25:75; 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0. Two substrate / inoculum ratios (SIR 1:1 and SIR1:2) were also evaluated. The results indicate that the maximum methane accumulation rate is obtained in SIR 1:1 for a VM‐AS ratio (25:75) with 540 mL/g volatile solid (VS). In general, the results did not increase with the increase in inoculum; rather, the tendency to improve methane yield is associated with an increase in the amount of agricultural residues, mainly AS. Regarding the kinetic modeling, the transfer model is the one that best adjusted the predicted values to those observed with an r2 between 0.991 and 0.999, and an RMSE value between 2.06 and 13.62 mL/g (volatile solid) VS. Finally, all the trials presented synergistic effects in their co‐digestion except the digesters formed by LM‐AS, LM‐QS and LM‐WS of SIR 1:2. These presented antagonistic effects in which the addition of the co‐substrate generated competition with the substrates, reducing methane production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A high‐throughput and machine learning resistance monitoring system to determine the point of resistance for Escherichia coli with tetracycline: Combining UV‐visible spectrophotometry with principal component analysis
Authors: Chapman James , Orrell‐Trigg Rebecca , Kwoon Ki Y. , Truong Vi K. , Cozzolino Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUV‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis) is routinely used in microbiology as a tool to check the optical density (OD) pertaining to the growth stages of microbial cultures at the single wavelength of 600 nm, better known as the OD600. Typically, modern UV‐Vis spectrophotometers can scan in the region of approximately 200–1000 nm in the electromagnetic spectrum, where users do not extend the use of the instrument's full capability in a laboratory. In this study, the full potential of UV‐Vis spectrophotometry (multiwavelength collection) was used to examine bacterial growth phases when treated with antibiotics showcasing the ability to understand the point of resistance when an antibiotic is introduced into the media and therefore understand the biochemical changes of the infectious pathogens. A multiplate reader demonstrated a high throughput experiment (96 samples) to understand the growth of Escherichia coli when varied concentrations of the antibiotic tetracycline was added into the well plates. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis were then used as the data mining techniques to interpret the UV‐Vis spectral data and generate machine learning “proof of principle” for the UV‐Vis spectrophotometer plate reader. Results from this study showed that the PCA analysis provides an accurate yet simple visual classification and the recognition of E. coli samples belonging to each treatment. These data show significant advantages when compared to the traditional OD600 method where we can now understand biochemical changes in the system rather than a mere optical density measurement. Due to the unique experimental setup and procedure that involves indirect use of antibiotics, the same test could be used for obtaining practical information on the type, resistance, and dose of antibiotic necessary to establish the optimum diagnosis, treatment, and decontamination strategies for pathogenic and antibiotic resistant species.
Traders as sustainability governance actors in global food supply chains: A research agenda
Authors: Grabs Janina , Carodenuto Sophia Louise 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCorporate actors are rapidly gaining ground as nontraditional forms of authority that shape sustainability governance efforts in global food supply chains. This paper highlights the critical, but underresearched role of traders—companies whose core business lies in the movement and exchange of agricultural commodities between producers and manufacturers—in linking corporate sustainability ambitions to on‐the‐ground impacts. Drawing on a systematic analysis of the major transnational corporations trading cocoa, coffee, and palm oil, we present advantages and potential pitfalls of relying on traders as implementers of sustainability governance and outline a future research agenda that focuses on producer‐level impacts, changes in supply chain organization and power dynamics, and traders' interactions with state and other nonstate actors. At the intersection of supply chain management, political economy, geography, and global governance, research on traders as key sustainability governance actors also provides novel opportunities for interdisciplinary work and stakeholder engagement.
A Highly Selective and Stable Ruthenium‐Nickel Supported on Ceria Catalyst for Carbon Dioxide Methanation
Authors: Elia Nathalie , Estephane Jane , Poupin Christophe , El Khoury Bilal , Pirault‐Roy Laurence , Aouad Samer , Aad Edmond Abi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe performance of nickel, ruthenium, and nickel‐ruthenium impregnated on cerium oxide catalysts was tested in the methanation of carbon dioxide reaction. The nickel and ruthenium contents were 4 and 0.4 wt%, respectively. The properties of the catalysts were studied using elementary analysis, Brunauer‐Emmet‐Teller specific surface area measurements, X‐ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, temperature programmed desorption, H2 chemisorption and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the addition of ruthenium improves the catalytic performance by promoting the dispersion of nickel species over the surface of the cerium oxide support. The ruthenium‐nickel combination produced a stable catalyst that did not show any deactivation even after 75 hours on‐stream. At high feed gas total pressures (5 and 10 bar), the catalytic conversions of CO2 were close to the thermodynamic equilibrium values with a 100 % selectivity towards CH4 formation.
CoSe2/MoS2 Heterostructures to Couple Polysulfide Adsorption and Catalysis in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries†
Authors: Shen Zihan , Zhou Qingwen , Yu Huiling , Tian Jiaming , Shi Man , Hu Chaoquan , Zhang Huigang 
Published: January 2021

Main observation and conclusionLithium‐sulfur batteries have been regarded as one of most promising next‐generation energy storage devices because of their high energy density and low cost. However, polysulfide shuttling and slow kinetics hinder the practical application. We fabricated hierarchically heterostructured CoSe2/MoS2 nanoarrays on carbon clothes as the sulfur cathode host. The resulting heterostructures facilitate electron conduction and improve electrolyte wetting. More importantly, the composite heterostructures couple the strong polysulfide adsorption of CoSe2 and high catalytic activity of MoS2 to synergistically accelerate polysulfide conversion, demonstrating higher catalytic activity than their individual components.
Morphological, immunohistochemical, and genetic analyses of bronchiolar adenoma and its putative variants
Authors: Shao Jinchen , Yin Jiani C , Bao Hairong , Zhao Ruiying , Han Yuchen , Zhu Lei , Wu Xue , Shao Yang , Zhang Jie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe collected 26 cases of bronchiolar adenoma (BA) and its variants, and performed a comprehensive characterization using a combination of morphological, immunohistochemical, and genetic assessments. Of these 26, 13 were classic bilayered cases, including 10 proximal and 3 distal‐type BAs. Of note, we also identified 13 cases that lacked a continuous basal cell layer. In five cases, the adenomas were partially classic bilayered, leaving a single layer of columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells in some areas of the lesion (BA with monolayered cell lesions). In the other eight cases, the glandular or papillary structures were entirely composed of monolayered columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells, which were morphologically identical to the luminal epithelial cells of classic BA (monolayered BA‐like lesions). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed thyroid transcription factor 1 expression by ciliated columnar epithelial cells, basal cells, and nonciliated columnar and cuboidal epithelial cells. Basal cells also expressed p40 and p63. Twenty‐five cases underwent next‐generation sequencing using a 422‐cancer‐gene panel (GeneseeqPrime). Oncogenic driver mutations were detected in 23 cases, including 13 (52%) with EGFR mutations, 4 (16%) with KRAS G12D/V mutations, 3 (12%) with BRAF V600E mutations, 2 (8%) with ERBB2 exon 20 insertions, and 1 (4%) with a RET fusion. EGFR exon 20 insertions were present in 100% of BAs with monolayered cell lesions, 37.5% of monolayered BA‐like lesions, and 8% of classic BA (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.002, false discovery rate = 0.014). Collectively, our study revealed a gradual morphological transition between BA and its variants. The genetic composition of BAs with monolayered structures differed significantly from those of classic BAs or lung adenocarcinoma.