bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding the evolutionary explanations for sex differences in the human skeleton
Authors: Dunsworth Holly M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile the anatomy and physiology of human reproduction differ between the sexes, the effects of hormones on skeletal growth do not. Human bone growth depends on estrogen. Greater estrogen produced by ovaries causes bones in female bodies to fuse before males' resulting in sex differences in adult height and mass. Female pelves expand more than males' due to estrogen and relaxin produced and employed by the tissues of the pelvic region and potentially also due to greater internal space occupied by female gonads and genitals. Evolutionary explanations for skeletal sex differences (aka sexual dimorphism) that focus too narrowly on big competitive men and broad birthing women must account for the adaptive biology of skeletal growth and its dependence on the developmental physiology of reproduction. In this case, dichotomizing evolution into proximate‐ultimate categories may be impeding the progress of human evolutionary science, as well as enabling the popular misunderstanding and abuse of it.
World Fish Migration Day Connects Fish, Rivers, and People – From a One-Day Event to a Broader Social Movement
Authors: Twardek William M , Wanningen Herman , Fernández Garrido Pao , Brink Kerry , Royte Josh , Berkhuysen Arjan , Geenen Bart , Cooke Steven J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Widespread declines in migratory fish highlight the need for increased global efforts to raise awareness of their value and abate threats they face. World Fish Migration Day (WFMD), coordinated by the World Fish Migration Foundation, is a biennial global celebration of open rivers and migratory fish achieved through locally organized events with the common theme of connecting fish, rivers, and people. Since 2014, over 1,200 events have been organized in 80 different countries across all inhabited continents. Here we provide an overview of the WFMD social movement, highlighting its ability to raise awareness surrounding the plight of migratory fish. We provide pertinent case studies to illustrate the creative events held throughout the world intended to build the public and political will to enable protection and restoration of migratory fish populations. From a coordination perspective, there are several key principles that underlay the success of WFMD, including taking an optimistic approach, identifying change-makers in the community, and carefully timing the growth of the movement. By reflecting on the approach and growth of WFMD, we feel this perspective piece will prove useful to other groups and organizations considering using the power of social movements to achieve common goals related to environmental conservation.
Endoscopic skull base and transoral surgery during COVID‐19 pandemic: Minimizing droplet spread with negative‐pressure otolaryngology viral isolation drape
Authors: David Abel P. , Jiam Nicole T. , Reither Joshua M. , Gurrola Jose G. , Aghi Manish K. , El‐Sayed Ivan H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has raised concern of transmission of infectious organisms through aerosols formation in endonasal and transoral surgery.MethodsRetrospective review. We introduce the negative‐pressure otolaryngology viral isolation drape (NOVID) system to reduce the risk of aerosol. NOVID consists of a plastic drape suspended above the patient's head and surgical field with a smoke evacuator suction placed inside the chamber.ResultsFour patients underwent endonasal (4) and endo‐oral surgery (1). Fluorescein was applied to the surgical field. Black light examination of fluorescein‐treated operative fields revealed minimal contamination distant to the surgical field. In two prolonged cases with high‐speed drilling, droplets were identified under the barrier and on the tip of the smoke evacuator. Instruments and cottonoids appeared to be a greater contributor to field contamination.ConclusionsNegative‐pressure aspiration of air under a chamber barrier, which appears to successfully keep aerosol and droplet contamination to a minimum.
Thin film flow of the water‐based carbon nanotubes hybrid nanofluid under the magnetic effects
Authors: Gul Taza , Bilal Muhammad , Shuaib Muhammad , Mukhtar Safyan , Thounthong Phatiphat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article, the effects of magnetic field versus the thin liquid film water‐based ferrum oxide (Fe3O4) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanofluids have been studied through stretching cylinder. The iron oxide and CNTs (single‐wall [SWCNTs] or multi‐wall [MWCNTs]) have been used as nanoparticles in carrier fluid water (H2O). To the flow field, magnetic effects are applied vertically. The modeled system of partial differential equations are transformed to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by selecting variables. The analytic solution has been obtained through homotopy analysis method. The obtained results are further compared with the numerical ND‐solve method. The embedded constraints impacts are focused on pressure distribution, velocity profile, heat transfer, Nusselt number, and Skin friction through graphical illustration and tables. The dispersion of Fe3O4 and CNTs in base fluid significantly enhanced the mechanism of heat transfer. Moreover, from the results, it has been observed that the MWCNTs have a greater impact on heat transfer, velocity, and pressure profile.
JAK1/STAT3 regulatory effect of β‐caryophyllene on MG‐63 osteosarcoma cells via ROS‐induced apoptotic mitochondrial pathway by DNA fragmentation
Authors: Annamalai Vijayalakshmi , Kotakonda Muddukrishnaiah , Periyannan Velu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCurrently, available treatment for osteosarcoma is combinational chemotherapy of doxorubicin, cisplatin, and methotrexate before and after surgery with overall 5‐year survival rate of less than 40%. The present study was aimed to assess the anticancer effects of a phytochemical named β‐caryophyllene (BCP) in treating osteosarcoma. We assessed the effect of (BCP) on oxidative stress, proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation in human bone cancer cells MG‐63. Our results showed that BCP induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at 20 µM concentration in MG‐63 cells. The same dose was also shown to exhibit proapoptotic and antiproliferative effects in bone cancer cells MG‐63. We demonstrated that the treatment of MG‐63 cells with BCP prompted mitochondrial apoptosis via upregulation of Bax and caspase‐3 and downregulation of Bcl‐2 as well as prompted mitochondrial membrane potential. Our results also showed stimulation of Janus kinase 1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK1/STAT3) signaling pathway in bone cancer MG‐63 cells upon BCP treatment along with the induction of proinflammatory genes at the messenger RNA level. Overall results suggest that the treatment of MG‐63 cells with BCP promotes apoptosis and inflammation via ROS and JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Methane production enhanced by reduced graphene oxide in an anaerobic consortium supplied with particulate and soluble substrates
Authors: Bueno‐López J Iván , Díaz‐Hinojosa Alejandra , Rangel‐Mendez J Rene , Alatriste‐Mondragón Felipe , Pérez‐Rodríguez Fátima , Hernández‐Montoya Virginia , Cervantes Francisco J 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGraphene materials have extensively been applied in several industries due to their enhanced properties. Predictably, these materials also end up in wastewaters generated from industrial sectors, and their effects on biological treatment systems are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to assess the acute effects of graphene oxide (GO) with three different degrees of reduction [reduced GO (rGO) produced with reduction times of 1, 2, and 4 h] on the methane production of an anaerobic consortium.RESULTSSynthesized rGO materials had a stimulatory effect increasing the maximum methanogenic activity (MMA) up to 14% and 114% when glucose and starch were provided as substrates, respectively, as compared to the MMA achieved in controls incubated in the absence of rGO. Reduction of GO promoted physical–chemical changes in its structure, such as the removal of epoxy groups, which prevented grapping of starch granules by the produced rGO sheets and triggered a better interaction between the latter and microorganisms. Furthermore, this work showed that rGO stimulated starch disintegration into its components, thus accelerating its hydrolysis, which was ultimately reflected in a higher MMA when this particulate polymer was used as substrate.CONCLUSIONThis study reports for the first time the acute effects of rGO on the methanogenic activity of an anaerobic consortium supplied with both soluble and particulate substrates. This information is relevant to elucidate the effects of this graphene material in anaerobic microorganisms and to improve the performance of anaerobic systems during the treatment of industrial wastewaters. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioconversion of high‐concentration chelated Cd to nano‐CdS photocatalyst by sulfate‐reducing bacteria
Authors: Liu Yali , Wang Jie , Li Panyu , Xie Yi , Xie Hongyang , Xie Tonghui , Zhang Yongkui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDChelated heavy metals have received wide attention due to their adverse effects and difficulty in removal. Sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) inducing heavy metals to produce metal sulfide precipitation is an attractive bioremediation technology. It not only reduces heavy metal pollution but also transforms metal contaminants into value‐added products.RESULTSThe stable ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)‐Cd was effectively removed and converted to CdS nanoparticles by SRB. The SRB could resist high concentrations of EDTA‐Cd up to 2.5 mmol L−1, while no growth was observed at 1.0 mmol L−1 of free cadmium ions. The bio‐removal efficiencies of EDTA‐Cd at initial concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mmol L−1 were 100%, 100%, 95.89%, 67.63% and 26.66%, respectively. Meanwhile, the reduction efficiencies of sulfate by SRB were 45.6% to 24.9%. The products were cadmium sulfide nanoparticles with a mean particle size of 40–80 nm, which were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Furthermore, the cadmium sulfide product exhibited a good photocatalytic performance, and the removal efficiency of rhodamine B (RhB) reached 97% within 2 h.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that EDTA‐Cd could be effectively removed by SRB and recovered in the form of high‐value cadmium sulfide photocatalyst. The proposed strategy may provide a new solution for the recycling of chelated heavy metal ions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of postoperative bile leakage on long‐term outcome in patients following liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yamamoto Masateru , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Kuroda Shintaro , Hamaoka Michinori , Honmyo Naruhiko , Yamaguchi Megumi , Takei Daisuke , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposeThe incidence of bile leakage after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a cause for concern. There are limited reports on the impacts of postoperative bile leakage on long‐term clinical outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the effects of postoperative bile leakage on recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).MethodsA total of 1,178 patients who underwent curative liver resection for HCC between 1986 and 2012 were included in the present study. Postoperative bile leakage was defined using the International Study Group of Liver Surgery definition, and the primary end points of the study were OS and RFS at 5 years.ResultsForty‐three (3.7%) patients had bile leakage following liver resection. The median follow‐up was 5 years. A follow‐up analysis revealed that patients with bile leakage had poor 5‐year rates of OS (41.0% vs 56.4%, P = .013) and RFS (14.6% vs 28.7%, P < .001). Additionally, bile leakage was an independent factor for both OS [hazard ratio (HR) 1.559, P = .022] and RFS (HR 1.517, P = .024). Furthermore, bile leakage was the only factor affecting prognosis among postoperative complications.ConclusionsPostoperative bile leakage worsens long‐term clinical outcomes following liver resection in HCC patients.
Pneumatical‐Mechanical Tactile Stimulation Device for Somatotopic Mapping of Body Surface During fMRI
Authors: Jia Shikui , Wang Luyao , Wang Heng , Lv Xiaoyu , Wu Jinglong , Yan Tianyi , Li Chunlin , Hu Baomin 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThere is a need for devices that allow reproducible stimulation of skin areas of humans for investigating somatosensory mapping of the whole‐body surface. However, their design is not simple, due to the magnetic field of MRI scanners.PurposeTo accurately characterize the mapping of somatosensory presentation of the whole‐body surface of subjects during functional (f)MRI scans.Study TypeProspective.PopulationA water phantom and six healthy participants (age 23–27 years; two males) were recruited for the fMRI experiment.Field Strength/SequenceT1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient‐echo, T2*‐weighted gradient echo sequence at 3T.AssessmentThe stimulation device for somatotopic mapping was composed of three units: an air‐generating unit, a control unit, and an execution unit. The fMRI in response to tactile stimulation was measured to characterize somatotopic mapping of the right‐side body consisting of hand, arm, and leg in six healthy subjects.Statistical TestsPared‐samples t‐test for the conditions in SII.ResultsThe pneumatical‐mechanical tactile stimulation offered a wide range of stimulation intensities (0–400 g) in each channel. The predetermined physical pressure was successfully reached within ~5 msec and returned to baseline within 5 msec after the end of stimulation. With this tactile device, the digressive rate of the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) (271.44 without the device, 269.68 with the device) was 0.65% in the magnetic field environment. For the fMRI experiment, the primary somatosensory activation contralateral to the stimulation site was detected in response to spatial task and attentive task.Data ConclusionThis stimulation device characterized the mapping of somatosensory representation of the whole‐body surface in individual participants during fMRI scans.Level of Evidence2.Technical Efficacy Stage1. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1093–1101.
Baseline testosterone moderates the effect of money exposure on charitable giving intent
Authors: Dinsmore John B. , Stenstrom Eric P. , Kunstman Jonathan W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrior research has conflicting evidence of the effects of money exposure on prosocial behavior, begging the question of potential moderators of the effect. The current research examines the role of baseline testosterone, a correlate of both status and status‐seeking behaviors, in moderating the effect of money exposure on charitable giving intent. An experiment involving 92 male students (Mage = 20.46, standard deviation = 2.28) found baseline testosterone levels moderating the effect of money exposure (b = −.02, t = 3.46, p < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.057, −0.002]), with low‐T males exposed to money showing significantly higher charitable donation intent (vs. control; b = 1.21, t = 2.24, p = .028, 95% CI [0.135, 2.293]) and high‐testosterone males exhibiting significantly lower (b = −1.46, t = 2.68, p = .009, 95% CI [−2.545, −0.378]). These findings show instances where money exposure can enhance, rather than inhibit, prosocial intentions that have broad implications for the study and practice of marketing.
Novel Strategies to Prevent Total Parenteral Nutrition‐Induced Gut and Liver Inflammation, and Adverse Metabolic Outcomes
Authors: Lucchinetti Eliana , Lou Phing‐How , Wawrzyniak Paulina , Wawrzyniak Marcin , Scharl Michael , Holtzhauer Gregory A. , Krämer Stefanie D. , Hersberger Martin , Rogler Gerhard , Zaugg Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTotal parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a life‐saving therapy administered to millions of patients. However, it is associated with significant adverse effects, namely liver injury, risk of infections, and metabolic derangements. In this review, the underlying causes of TPN‐associated adverse effects, specifically gut atrophy, dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome, leakage of the epithelial barrier with bacterial invasion, and inflammation are first described. The role of the bile acid receptors farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein‐coupled receptor, of pleiotropic hormones, and growth factors is highlighted, and the mechanisms of insulin resistance, namely the lack of insulinotropic and insulinomimetic signaling of gut‐originating incretins as well as the potentially toxicity of phytosterols and pro‐inflammatory fatty acids mainly released from soybean oil‐based lipid emulsions, are discussed. Finally, novel approaches in the design of next generation lipid delivery systems are proposed. Propositions include modifying the physicochemical properties of lipid emulsions, the use of lipid emulsions generated from sustainable oils with favorable ratios of anti‐inflammatory n‐3 to pro‐inflammatory n‐6 fatty acids, beneficial adjuncts to TPN, and concomitant pharmacotherapies to mitigate TPN‐associated adverse effects.
A radiomics method to classify microcalcification clusters in digital breast tomosynthesis
Authors: Peng Yunsong , Wu Shandong , Yuan Gang , Wu Zhongyi , Du Qiang , Sun Haotian , Yang Xiaodong , Chen Qian , Zheng Jian 
Published: May 2020

PurposeDigital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is becoming increasingly used in clinical practice. In DBT, the microcalcification clusters may span across multiple slices, which makes it difficult for radiologists to directly assess these distributed clusters for diagnosis. We investigated a radiomics method to classify microcalcification clusters in DBT based on a semiautomatic segmentation process.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study on a cohort of 275 patients (including 79 benign and 196 malignant cases) with a total of 550 DBT volumes. Our method consisted of three steps. The initial step was to semiautomatically segment the microcalcification clusters. Then, radiomics features were extracted from the initially segmented microcalcification clusters. Finally, the benign and malignant microcalcification clusters were differentiated by the random forest (RF) classifier using selected subset features. The radiomics models were evaluated both on view‐based and case‐based modes with features selected from different domains. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the classification performance.ResultsTwenty‐six key features were selected from a total of 170 radiomics features and these features show promising classification performance. The highest AUC was 0.834 for view‐based mode and 0.868 for case‐based mode when using features selected from the 3D‐domain. The 2D‐domain radiomics features showed a statistically similar performance to the 3D features (P > 0.05).ConclusionRadiomics models can provide encouraging performance in classification between malignant and benign microcalcification clusters which are semiautomatically segmented in DBT.
Effect of a novel treatment fiber on mechanical properties, thermal stability and crystallization behaviors of epoxy soybean oil toughened jute fiber/polypropylene composites
Authors: He Yong , Zhou Ying , Wu Hongming , Chen Can , He Weidi , Xu Dinghong , Gao Chengtao , Chen Xiaolang , Wei Fujian , Guo Jianbing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, a novel fiber treatment method is introduced in the preparation of epoxy soybean oil (ESO) toughened jute fiber/polypropylene (PP) matrix composites. The jute fibers are pre‐treated by r‐valerolactone (GVL), and the ESO/jute fiber/PP composites are fabricated by melt blending. The microstructure of the treated fiber, the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and crystallization behaviors of the composites are investigated and discussed in detail. The results show that the surface of GVL treated fiber becomes rough and the aspect ratio increases. It is found by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that the interface between the fiber and matrix debones seriously without the addition of ESO. With increasing the content of ESO, the toughness and thermal stability of the composites are gradually improved. The tensile strength of the composites containing 5% ESO reaches 42.2 MPa. In addition, the impact strength and elongation at break are higher than pure PP and PP/jute composites. Moreover, GVL treated fibers can improve the thermal stability of PP/jute fiber composites. In addition, the crystallinity of PP in the PP composites increases first and then decreases, while the crystallization temperature of the composites decreases. At the same time, the complex viscosity of the composites also increases.
Validation of the Early Childhood Teacher Experiences Scale in Head Start
Authors: Lawrence Roxanne C. , Bulotsky‐Shearer Rebecca J. , Bichay‐Awadalla Krystal , Futterer Jenna N. , Bailey Jhonelle 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo address gaps in the availability of validated measures that assess early childhood teachers' workplace experiences, the current study examined the validity of the Early Childhood Teacher Experiences Scale (ECTES) for use in a diverse Head Start program. Mean differences in the ECTES dimensions of self‐efficacy, job stress, and school support were examined across teachers' demographic characteristics and observed teacher–child interaction quality. Multilevel models examined associations between ECTES dimension scores and children's social‐emotional and academic skills (N = 161 preschool teachers and N = 3,152 children). Findings support the reliability and validity of the three‐factor structure of the ECTES in the diverse Head Start teacher sample. Higher teacher‐reported self‐efficacy and school support were associated with higher observed classroom emotional support, instructional support, and classroom organization. Higher teacher‐reported self‐efficacy was associated with fewer years of teaching experience. With respect to child outcomes, higher teacher self‐efficacy and school support were associated with lower behavior problems and higher social‐emotional skills but were not associated with academic skills. Implications of the findings, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Facilitators of and barriers to school psychologists' social–emotional/behavioral practices
Authors: Ginns Diana S. , Moulton Sara E. , Castillo Jose M. , Jenkins Andrew S. , Hodnett Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing data from a national survey of school psychologists we investigated (a) the extent to which school psychologists supported students' social–emotional and behavioral well‐being using data and evidence‐based practices programming, (b) how facilitators and barriers impacted school psychologists' service delivery in these areas, and (c) how participants' demographic characteristics predicted facilitators to these practices. The survey was administered to randomly selected National Association of School Psychologists' members. One hundred ninety‐nine full‐time, school‐based school psychologists (24% response rate) completed the survey. Results indicated more practitioners reported using data to design, implement, and evaluate evidence‐based strategies for social–emotional and behavioral supports (M = 3.32, SD = 0.90) than reported using evidence‐based strategies themselves in these same areas (M = 3.10, SD = 1.05). School psychologists who reported more facilitators were more likely to use data and engage in evidence‐based practices related to social–emotional and behavioral supports for students. Results also indicated certain barriers impeded school psychologists' practices in these areas. Few demographic characteristics predicted the presence of facilitators or barriers. Findings from the current study extend the extant literature by providing empirical data on facilitators of and barriers to services related to school psychologists' use of data and evidence‐based practices in these areas.