bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking for a safe-haven in a crisis-driven Venezuela
Authors: Musialkowska Ida , Kliber Agata , Świerczyńska Katarzyna , Marszałek Paweł 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to find, which of the assets: gold, oil or bitcoin can be considered a safe-haven for investors in a crisis-driven Venezuela. The authors look also at the governmental change of approach towards the use and mining of cryptocurrencies being one of the assets and potential applications of bitcoin as (quasi) money.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors collected the daily data (a period from 01 May 2014 to 31 July 2018) on the development of the following magnitudes: Caracas Stock Exchange main index: Índice Bursátil de Capitalisación (IBC) index; gold price in US dollars, the oil price in US dollars and Bitcoin price in bolivar fuerte (VEF) (LocalBitcoins). The authors estimated a threshold VAR model between IBC and each of the possible safe-haven assets, where the trigger variable was the IBC; then the authors modelled the residuals from the TVAR model using MGARCH model with dynamic conditional correlation.

Findings
The results show that that gold is a better safe-haven than oil for Venezuelan investors, while bitcoin can be considered a weak safe haven. Still, bitcoin can perform (to a certain extent) money functions in a crisis-driven country.

Research limitations/implications
Further research after the change of local currency from VEF into bolivar soberano might be looked at on the later stage.

Practical implications
The authors provide evidence on which of analysed asset is the best safe-haven for the investors acting in the time of the crisis. The evidence goes in line with other authors’ findings, thus, the results might bring implications for investors of more universal character. Additionally, the result might be helpful for governments and/or monetary authorities while projecting institutional frameworks and conducting monetary policy.

Social implications
The unprecedented economic crisis in Venezuela was one of the factors that fuelled the mining and use of cryptocurrencies in the daily life of its citizens. Nowadays, the country is a leader in terms of the use of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies in Latin America. The results show a potential application of bitcoin as a store of value or even means of payments in Venezuelan (or in other countries affected by the crisis).

Originality/value
The paper builds on the original data set collected by the authors and brings evidence from the models the authors constructed to verify, which asset is the best option for investors in hard times of the crisis. The authors add to the existing literature on financial assets, cryptocurrencies and behaviour of investors under different economic conditions.
Semantics and syntax in Old English mood selection
Authors: Jones Howard , Macleod Morgan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA principled model of mood selection in Old English (OE) has long proved elusive. We analyse the distribution of the indicative and subjunctive in the OE Bede in light of the Latin original, the syntactic construction, and a semantic model of modality which classifies clauses according to whether the situation is represented as holding in the actual world or in a possible world. The choice of mood in the Latin and OE Bede differs enough to rule out slavish imitation. In certain clauses, such as result and purpose clauses, the construction type, modality, and grammatical mood all match; however, in other clauses, such as concessives, the OE subjunctive is systematically used whether the situation is represented as actual or possible. Where the grammatical mood of OE forms is ambiguous, modal verbs are often seemingly used as a substitute for the subjunctive. Our results show that while the choice of mood in the OE Bede largely correlates with the syntactic construction, the subjunctive is close to being semantically redundant. This growing redundancy may have been one of the factors in the diminishing role of inflectional mood in the later history of English.
In the eye of the beholder: Employee sexual orientation, perceived supervisory support for life beyond work and job satisfaction
Authors: Stavrou Eleni , Solea Eftychia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe adopt congruence theory to compare perceptions of lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) and heterosexual employees between perceived supervisory support on life beyond work (LBW) and job satisfaction and the effect of life‐to‐work conflict (LWC). Using the 2011 UK WERS data and applying multilevel modelling, we find no incongruence between the two groups of employees on job satisfaction. We find a significant perceptual incongruence in the relation between supervisory support on LBW and job satisfaction. While the relation was positive for both groups, it was stronger for heterosexual than LGB employees. We also find significant perceptual incongruence when we add LWC. Specifically, as LWC increases, the positive relation between supervisory support on LBW and job satisfaction becomes stronger for LGB than heterosexual employees. This last finding may be the most interesting as it may place the concept of identity‐based conflict primarily in the life‐to‐work domain of LGB employees.
A pilot study of adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and oral S‐1 for patients with completely resected stage II to IIIA non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tanaka Hisashi , Tabe Chiori , Okumura Fumihiko , Shiratori Toshihiro , Ishioka Yoshiko , Itoga Masamichi , Taima Kageaki , Morimoto Takeshi , Kimura Daisuke , Tsushima Takao , Tasaka Sadatomo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdjuvant chemotherapy with platinum‐based regimens for completely resected early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) provides overall survival benefit in several clinical trials.ObjectivesWe conducted this prospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and S‐1 for patients with completely resected stage II to IIIA NSCLC.MethodsPatients with completely resected stage IIA to IIIA NSCLC were treated with four cycles of carboplatin with area under the concentration time curve of 5 mg/mL/min on day 1 plus S‐1 at 80–120 mg/bodyweight per day for two weeks, followed by one‐week rest as adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was the completion rate of three cycles of the treatment. The secondary endpoints were safety and two‐year survival rate.ResultsA total of 19 patients were enrolled, until the study was terminated prematurely because of fatal pulmonary embolism in two patients. The median number of treatment cycles was three (range: 1–4). The completion rate of three cycles was 78.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 56.6–91.4%). Two‐year disease‐free survival rate was 57.8%. Grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicities included neutropenia (26.2%), anemia (5.2%), and thrombocytopenia (15.7%). Grade 3 or 4 nonhematological toxicities were anorexia (10.5%) and nausea (10.5%). Febrile neutropenia developed in 5.2%. In two patients (10.5%), grade five pulmonary embolism was observed, and the causal relationship with treatment could not be denied.ConclusionsCarboplatin and oral S‐1 had modest survival benefit, but this regimen was not tolerable in an adjuvant setting because fatal pulmonary embolism occurred in two patients.Key points
Carboplatin and oral S‐1 had modest survival benefit but this regimen was not tolerable.
Fatal pulmonary embolism occurred in this regimen.
Timeliness of Care for High‐acuity Conditions at Hospital‐affiliated Freestanding Emergency Departments
Authors: Baehr Avi , Ledbetter Caroline , Bookman Kelly J. , Wang Yang , Ginde Adit A. , Wiler Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundHospital‐affiliated freestanding emergency departments (FREDs) are rapidly proliferating in some states and have been the subject of recent policy debate. As FREDs' role in acute care delivery is expanding in certain regions, little is known about the quality of care that they provide for their sickest patients. Our aim was to compare timeliness of emergent care at FREDs and hospital‐based EDs (HEDs) for patient visits with selected high‐acuity and time‐sensitive conditions.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational analysis of adult patient visit data from 19 FREDs and five HEDs from one health system over a 1‐year period. Median times to events and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated via Cox regression.ResultsThe median time to electrocardiogram for visits with chest pain was 10 minutes at FREDs and 9 minutes at HEDs (HR = 0.91 [CI = 0.87 to 0.96]). Time to cardiac catheterization lab for visits with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was 78 minutes at FREDs, inclusive of transfer time, and 31 minutes at HEDs (HR = 0.41 [CI = 0.24 to 0.71]). Time to computed tomography for visits with stroke was 37 minutes at FREDs and 29 minutes at HEDs (HR = 0.42 [CI = 0.31 to 0.58]). Among visits with sepsis, FREDs had longer times to lactate collection (HR = 0.41 [CI = 0.30 to 0.56]), blood culture collection (HR = 0.24 [CI = 0.11 to 0.51]), and antibiotic administration (HR = 0.61 [CI = 0.26 to 1.42]). Beta agonists were administered for visits with asthma exacerbations in 24 minutes at FREDs and 44 minutes at HEDs (HR = 2.50 [CI = 2.34 to 2.68]), with similar times for anticholinergic and corticosteroid administration.ConclusionsFreestanding EDs provided more timely care than HEDs for visits with asthma exacerbation and less timely care for acute chest pain, stroke, and sepsis, although absolute differences were small. Even though STEMI patients at FREDs required transfer for catheterization, they tended to receive care in line with national guidelines.
Safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of MGS0274 besylate (TS‐134), a novel metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptor agonist prodrug, in healthy subjects
Authors: Watanabe Mai , Marcy Brian , Kinoshita Kohnosuke , Fukasawa Misako , Hikichi Hirohiko , Chaki Shigeyuki , Okuyama Shigeru , Gevorkyan Hakop , Yoshida Shigeru 
Published: April 2020

AimsThe safety and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of a novel mGlu2/3 receptor agonist prodrug, MGS0274 besylate (TS‐134), were investigated in healthy subjects.MethodsPhase 1 single‐ascending dose (5–20 mg) and multiple‐ascending dose titration (5–80 mg) studies were conducted in healthy male and female subjects. Both studies were randomized, double‐blinded and placebo‐controlled. In one cohort of single‐ascending dose study (10 mg), concentrations of MGS0008, the active compound, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured for up to 24 hours postdose.ResultsFollowing single and multiple oral administrations, MGS0274 was rapidly absorbed and extensively converted into MGS0008, which reached a maximum concentration (Cmax) in plasma within 4 hours postdose and declined with a terminal half‐life (t1/2) of around 10 hours. Plasma exposure to MGS0274 was minimal, accounting for approximately 3% of the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of MGS0008. Plasma Cmax and AUC of MGS0008 at steady state increased dose proportionally (5–80 mg). MGS0008 penetrated into CSF, with a CSF‐to‐plasma Cmax ratio of 3.66%, and was eliminated with a t1/2 of approximately 16 hours. The most frequent treatment‐emergent adverse events observed following single and multiple oral administration included headache, nausea, somnolence, dizziness and vomiting.ConclusionTS‐134 is orally bioavailable in humans and converts rapidly and extensively to MGS0008, which exhibits good CSF penetration. Orally administered TS‐134 was safe and generally well‐tolerated; hence, TS‐134 is a promising candidate for further clinical development for the treatment of disorders in which glutamatergic abnormalities are involved, such as schizophrenia.
Semi‐mechanistic modelling platform to assess cardiac contractility and haemodynamics in preclinical cardiovascular safety profiling of new molecular entities
Authors: Venkatasubramanian Raja , Collins Teresa A. , Lesko Lawrence J. , Mettetal Jerome T. , Trame Mirjam N. 
Published: April 2020

Background and PurposeCardiovascular safety is one of the most frequent causes of safety‐related attrition both preclinically and clinically. Preclinical cardiovascular safety is routinely assessed using dog telemetry monitoring key cardiovascular functions. The present research was to develop a semi‐mechanistic modelling platform to simultaneously assess changes in contractility (dPdtmax), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in preclinical studies.Experimental ApproachData from dPdtmax, HR, preload (left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure [LVEDP]) and MAP were available from dog telemetry studies after dosing with atenolol (n = 27), salbutamol (n = 5), L–NG–nitroarginine methyl ester (L–NAME; n = 4), milrinone (n = 4), verapamil (n = 12), dofetilide (n = 8), flecainide (n = 4) and AZ001 (n = 14). Literature model for rat CV function was used for the structural population pharmacodynamic model development. LVEDP was evaluated as covariate to account for the effect of preload on dPdtmax.Key ResultsThe model was able to describe drug‐induced changes in dPdtmax, HR and MAP for all drugs included in the developed framework adequately, by incorporating appropriate drug effects on dPdtmax, HR and/or total peripheral resistance. Consistent with the Starling's law, incorporation of LVEDP as a covariate on dPdtmax to correct for the preload effect was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe contractility and haemodynamics semi‐mechanistic modelling platform accounts for diurnal variation, drug‐induced changes and inter‐animal variation. It can be used to hypothesize and evaluate pharmacological effects and provide a holistic cardiovascular safety profile for new drugs.
Along‐strike structural linkage and interaction in an active thrust fault system: A case study from the western Sichuan foreland basin, China
Authors: Song Gonghua , Wang Maomao , Jiang Danqi , Chen Zhuxin , Yan Bing , Feng Wang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlong‐strike structural linkage and interaction between faults is common in various compressional settings worldwide. Understanding the kinematic history of fault interaction processes can provide important constraints on the geometry and evolution of the lateral growth of segmented faults in the fold‐and‐thrust belts, which are important to seismic hazard assessment and hydrocarbon trap development. In this study, we study lateral structural geometry (fault displacement and horizon shortening) of thrust fault linkages and interactions along the Qiongxi anticline in the western Sichuan foreland basin, China, using a high‐resolution 3D seismic reflection dataset. Seismic interpretation suggests that the Qiongxi anticline can be related to three west‐dipping, hard‐linked thrust fault segments that sole onto a regional shallow detachment. Results reveal that the lateral linkage of fault segments limited their development, affecting the along‐strike fault displacement distributions. A deficit between shortening and displacement is observed to increase in linkage zones where complex structural processes occur, such as fault surface bifurcation and secondary faulting, demonstrating the effect of fault linkage process on structural deformation within a thrust array. The distribution of the geometrical characteristics shows that thrust fault development in the area can be described by both the isolated fault model and the coherent fault model. Our measurements show that new fault surfaces bifurcate from the main thrust ramp, which influences both strain distribution in the relay zone and along‐strike fault slip distribution. This work fully describes the geometric and kinematic characteristics of lateral thrust fault linkage, and may provide insights into seismic interpretation strategies in other complex fault transfer zones.
Mdm2: Open questions
Authors: Dobbelstein Matthias , Levine Arnold J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Mdm2 oncoprotein and its association with p53 were discovered 30 years ago, and a cornucopia of activities and regulatory pathways have been associated with it. In this review, we will raise questions about Mdm2 and its cousin Mdm4 that we consider worth pursuing in future research, reaching from molecular structures and intracellular activities all the way to development, evolution, and cancer therapy. We anticipate that such research will not only close a few gaps in our knowledge but could add new dimensions to our current view. This compilation of questions contributes to the preparation for the 10th Mdm2 Workshop in Tokyo.
Raising Children With High Self‐Esteem (But Not Narcissism)
Authors: Brummelman Eddie , Sedikides Constantine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the rise of individualism since the 1960s, Western parents have become increasingly concerned with raising their children’s self‐esteem. This is understandable, given the benefits of self‐esteem for children’s psychological health. However, parents’ well‐intentioned attempts to raise self‐esteem, such as through inflated praise, may inadvertently breed narcissism. How can parents raise self‐esteem without breeding narcissism? In this article, we propose a tripartite model of self‐regard, which holds that the development of self‐esteem without narcissism can be cultivated through realistic feedback (rather than inflated praise), a focus on growth (rather than on outperforming others), and unconditional regard (rather than regard that is conditional). We review evidence in support of these practices and outline promising directions for research. Our model integrates existing research, stimulates the development of theory, and identifies leverage points for intervention to raise self‐esteem and curtail narcissism from a young age.
Oral health literacy, self‐rated oral health, and oral health‐related quality of life in Brazilian adults
Authors: Bado Fernanda Maria Rovai , De Checchi Maria Helena Ribeiro , Cortellazzi Karine Laura , Ju Xiangqun , Jamieson Lisa , Mialhe Fábio Luiz 
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate associations between oral health literacy (OHL), self‐rated oral health (SROH), and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Brazilian adults. A sample of 523 Brazilian adults completed the short‐form Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD‐14) and the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) instruments that measure OHL and OHRQoL, respectively. The prevalence ratios (PRs) for outcome variables and their 95% CIs were quantified. Multivariable log‐binomial regression models were applied, as the statistical models, to estimate bivariate and multivariable relationships of oral health outcomes with OHL, after adjusting for covariates. No significant association was found between poor SROH (as measured by single items) and OHL (PR = 1.28; 95% CI: 0.87–1.88); by contrast, significant associations were found between poor SROH and income (PR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.04–2.21), toothbrushing frequency (PR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.11–2.58), reason for dental visiting (PR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03–2.13), and self‐rated general health (PR = 3.44; 95% CI: 2.38–4.97). The OHL level (PR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.21–2.56), educational level (PR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.41–0.93), reason for dental visiting (PR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.30–2.61), and self‐rated general health (PR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.03–2.23) were associated with poor OHRQoL.
Structural analysis of the reducing‐end xylose‐releasing exo‐oligoxylanase Rex8A from Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP‐23 deciphers its molecular specificity
Authors: Jiménez‐Ortega Elena , Valenzuela Susana , Ramírez‐Escudero Mercedes , Pastor Francisco Javier , Sanz‐Aparicio Julia 
Published: April 2020

Reducing‐end xylose‐releasing exo‐oligoxylanases (Rex) are GH8 enzymes that depolymerize xylooligosaccharides complementing xylan degradation by endoxylanases in an exo manner. We have studied Paenibacillus barcinonensis Rex8A and showed the release of xylose from xylooligomers decorated with methylglucuronic acid (UXOS) or with arabinose (AXOS). This gives the enzyme a distinctive trait among known Rex, which show activity only on linear xylooligosaccharides. The structure of the enzyme has been solved by X‐ray crystallography showing a (α/α)6 folding common to GH8 enzymes. Analysis of inactived Rex8A‐E70A complexed with xylotetraose revealed the existence of at least four binding subsites in Rex8A, with the oligosaccharide occupying subsites −3 to +1. The enzyme shows an extended Leu320‐His321‐Pro322 loop, common to other Rex, which blocks the binding of longer substrates to positive subsites further than +1 and seems responsible for the lack or diminished activity of Rex enzymes on xylan. Mutants with smaller residues in this loop failed to increase Rex8A activity on the polymer. Analysis of the complexes with AXOS showed the accommodation of arabinose at subsite −2, which cannot be allocated at subsite −1. Arabinose substitutions at the xylose O2 or O3 are accommodated by hydrophobic interaction and seem tolerated rather than recognized by Rex8A. A strained binding of the branch is facilitated by the lack of direct polar interactions of the xylose occupying this subsite, its water‐mediated links allowing some conformational flexibility of the sugar. The plasticity of Rex8A is a notable property of the enzyme for its application in xylan deconstruction and upgrading.DatabaseStructural data are available in PDB database under the accession numbers 6SRD (native form), 6TPP (E70A mutant in complex with EDO), 6TOW (E70A in complex with Xyl4), 6SUD (L320A mutant in complex with xylose), 6SHY (L320A/H321S double mutant in complex with EDO), 6TO0 (E70A in complex with AX3), and 6TRH (E70A in complex with AX4).
Microbial colonization of metal sulfide minerals at a diffuse‐flow deep‐sea hydrothermal vent at 9°50′N on the East Pacific Rise
Authors: Wang Chloe H. , Gulmann Lara K. , Zhang Tong , Farfan Gabriela A. , Hansel Colleen M. , Sievert Stefan M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetal sulfide minerals, including mercury sulfides (HgS), are widespread in hydrothermal vent systems where sulfur‐oxidizing microbes are prevalent. Questions remain as to the impact of mineral composition and structure on sulfur‐oxidizing microbial populations at deep‐sea hydrothermal vents, including the possible role of microbial activity in remobilizing elemental Hg from HgS. In the present study, metal sulfides varying in metal composition, structure, and surface area were incubated for 13 days on and near a diffuse‐flow hydrothermal vent at 9°50′N on the East Pacific Rise. Upon retrieval, incubated minerals were examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and epifluorescence microscopy (EFM). DNA was extracted from mineral samples, and the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequenced to characterize colonizing microbes. Sulfur‐oxidizing genera common to newly exposed surfaces (Sulfurimonas, Sulfurovum, and Arcobacter) were present on all samples. Differences in their relative abundance between and within incubation sites point to constraining effects of the immediate environment and the minerals themselves. Greater variability in colonizing community composition on off‐vent samples suggests that the bioavailability of mineral‐derived sulfide (as influenced by surface area, crystal structure, and reactivity) exerted greater control on microbial colonization in the ambient environment than in the vent environment, where dissolved sulfide is more abundant. The availability of mineral‐derived sulfide as an electron donor may thus be a key control on the activity and proliferation of deep‐sea chemosynthetic communities, and this interpretation supports the potential for microbial dissolution of HgS at hydrothermal vents.