bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of post-intervention soreness between dry needling and percutaneus needle electrolysis
Authors: JL Ciórraga López , P. Vega Moreu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aims The aim of this research was to study the appearance of soreness after dry needling (DN) and percutaneous needle electrolysis (PNE) in latent trigger points of the extensor muscle of the posterior forearm region.
Material and Methods A pre-test/post-test pilot study was performed, in which 15 volunteers with latent trigger points in the extensor muscles of the posterior forearm region were randomly distributed into a group A who received treatment with DN and a group B who received treatment with PNE. Before and after the intervention, algometry measurements were performed at the site where the trigger point was found, and, after the intervention the patient was asked to complete two visual analog scales (VAS) to evaluate pain during the intervention and a second scale to measure pain once the needle had been removed. In addition, the same scale was performed after 24 hours, 72 hours, and 1 week after the dry needling. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program version 24.0, evaluating the normality of the variables using the Shapiro-Wilk test, as the sample was less than 50 subjects. P values of > 0.05 were considered normal.
Results The ANOVA revealed a significant effect for time on the decrease of the VAS scores, both in the groups of dry needling (P < 0.001), as well as in the group of PNE (P < 0.001). In contrast, a group-time interaction was not observed (P = 0.824), ruling out statistically significant differences between the DN group and the PNE group. The Student's t-test showed a significantly decreased pain pressure threshold between the pre and post algometry, both in the group of DN (P < 0.001) and the group of PNE (P < 0.003). However, no statistically significant differences were found between both groups in pre and post algometry (P = 0.457).
Conclusion All patients presented post-needling soreness, without significant differences between DN and PNE interventions. The most intense pain was registered minutes after the dry needling, which then decreased without significant differences, reaching 0 after 72 hours, in most cases. Neither of the two techniques caused increased pain in response to pressure in a significantly different manner. No relationship was observed between a greater number of LTRs and post-needling pain. There was a correlation between pain experienced during the intervention and pain 24 hours after the needling. The levels of post-intervention pain secondary to the application of DN and PNE in latent trigger points of the extensor muscles of the posterior forearm region did not present significant differences among study subjects in both intervention groups.
Effectiveness of percutaneus needle electrolysis and eccentric exercise in chronic patellar tendinopathy
Authors: E. Entrellardat Tortillol 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of percutaneous needle electrolysis together with exercise with eccentric loading for the treatment of chronic patellar tendinopathy.
Material and Methods An experimental study was performed including eight subjects medically diagnosed with chronic patellar tendinopathy. The sample included subjects with a mean age of 40 years old (SD:10), a sample of 10 tendons was obtained with over four months' evolution. Functionality was assessed using the VISA-P scale, pain was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the tendon structure was evaluated by analyzing of ultrasound images which evaluated the AP diameter, perimeter and echogenicity. All study subjects belonged to the same group and were applied the same treatment. This consisted of three sessions of percutaneous needle electrolysis, following the protocol defined by Valera & Minaya with a dosage of 3:3:3, with 3 mA of intensity for 3 seconds and 3 current applications, together with a program of eccentric overloading which was developed in nine exercise sessions, which consisted of three series of 12 repetitions single-legged semi squats with maximum patient load on a decline board. A 48-hour window was left between the clinical session and sports practice with eccentric overloading.
Results In the initial assessment, a VISA-P score of 40.90 was obtained (SD:10.55), together with a VAS a score of 7.3 (SD:1.01), on the ultrasound exam all patients presented changes compatible with a degenerative process. After four weeks, the values of the VISA-P scale increased 35.8% at four weeks, VAS decreased 55.4% and slight changes were appreciated in ultrasound values in 42.4% of patients.
Conclusion Percutaneous needle electrolysis, together with eccentric overload exercise, represent a treatment which may be effective for most cases of chronic patellar tendinopathy.
Effects of ultrasound-guided percutaneous neuromodulation on the activation of hip abductors in a professional tennis player: a single case study
Authors: M. Lozano Ramos , AR Yáñez Álvarez , M. Rodríguez Rosal , M. Alcantarilla Pedrosa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Ultrasound-guided percutaneous neuromodulation (US-guided PNM) is defined as electric stimulation of a peripheral nerve at some point of its trajectory via a needle, with analgesic objectives and for the improvement of muscle function. Hip abductor muscles play an important role in the performance of tennis players, participating primarily in the transfer of forces in situations such as stopping and starting, changes in direction and even hitting the ball.
Aims The aims of this study were to confirm the effects of US-guided PNM on the superior gluteal nerve on strength and muscle activity in hip abductors and the reduction of the Q angle of the knee during a single-legged squat in a high performance athlete.
Material and Methods The subject was a high performance athlete aged 17, without traumatic injuries to the lower limb. The study was conducted in the installations of AY360° Salud y Deporte. The following variables were measured before and after the intervention: force (MVIC), muscle activity (RMS) using surface electromyography and the knee Q angle during a single-legged squat using Kinovea video analysis. A treatment protocol was performed under ultrasound guidance using a PES current with 6 Hz pulses and a pulse duration of 250 μs. In total, 5 applications of 15 seconds' duration were applied with the help of a pointer.
Results Improvements were obtained for strength measurements, from a MVIC of 0.13 mV (50.72%) to 0.26 mV (100%), for muscle activity RMS improved from 13.26% to 23.96%, and degrees changed from 23.6° to 21°.
Conclusions The US-guided PNM technique, according to the parameters studied, appears to be a useful tool for the improvement of the cited variables.
Do adaptative changes occur in the achilles tendons of endurance runners?
Authors: M. Serra Pol , A. Pons Hernández , E. Barea Vega , M. Gómez Luque 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction and Aim Several studies associate tendinopathies with structural changes in the Achilles tendon (AT). However, few studies have demonstrated whether long distance running training can generate structural changes at the level of the AT. The aim of this study was to determine whether adaptive changes exist, both structural and functional, in the AT of asymptomatic endurance runners with no history of lesions to the AT.
Material and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study. In total, 14 subjects were selected and divided into two groups of 7 subjects each. The intervention group (IG) comprised all usual runners, running over 60 km per week, with no previous lesion to the AT. The control group (CG) included all active subjects but who did not perform competitive sports nor did they run more than 10 km per week. The ankle dorsal flexion (ADF) of each subject was measured together with the index of reactive force (IRF), and the width of the AT body was measured using ultrasound, together with the level of hypervascularization, the presence of hypoechoic areas and the presence of hyperechoic areas. To measure ADF, the validated measurement was used with the application (App) Dorsiflex for IPhone. To calculate IRF, the validated measure of the Drop Jump, test from the App My Jump 2 was used. The ultrasound assessment was always performed by the same examiner. The ultrasound machine was a General Electric, Logiq V2 model for measuring both feet: the width of the AT body, the degree of hyper vascularization, the presence of hypoechoic areas and the presence of calcifications. The subject was placed in prone, with the foot hanging off the table and the ankle was in 90° flexion. The examiner was placed on the same side as the lower limb examined.
Results The means of the results obtained and p-values of significance were as follows: ADF = 46° CG 43.6° IG (p > 0.005). IRF = 0.92 CG 1.07 IG (p > 0.005) Ultrasound = CG 43% presence of vascularization outside the tendon; IG 83% presence of vascularization outside the tendon.
Conclusions No significant evidence exists to support that the AT in endurance runners without a history of injuries, presents functional adaptations. However, it seems that in endurance runners, there is a greater presence of vessels in Kager's fat pad, although it is necessary to obtain data from a larger population to confirm and establish the possible relationships of these changes.
Case study on the effect of percutaneous needle electrolysis in mammary fistulae
Authors: JA García Vidal , JD Berna Serna , P. Escolar Reina , JD Berna Mestre 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and Aims The mammary fistula (MF) was described by Zuska (1951) and is commonly associated with a non-lactational subareolar abscess, which is a particularly difficult condition due to the intense discomfort and tendency for recurrence. It is estimated to affect non-breastfeeding women aged between 20 and 50 years, and is responsible for 1-2% of all the symptomatic breast affections. Recent studies have highlighted a dermatological pathogenesis, confirming the existence of chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous follicles and the surrounding tissue. To date, the first choice of treatment in initial phases has been the drainage and aspiration of the MF combined with the prescription of wide spectrum antibiotics. Other authors have defended the use of corticosteroid infiltrations (triamcinolone). However, these solutions are far from being definitive, as the recurrence rate is quite high, especially when purulent content exists. Percutaneous needle electrolysis (PNE) has demonstrated its effectiveness in pathologies which are accompanied with chronic inflammation, such as patellar and Achilles tendinopathy, subacromial syndromes and epicondyalgia. The aim of this study was to examine the effects produced by the application of PNE in 3 patients with MF.
Material and Methods Three patients with relapsing MF were recruited who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All the exams and interventions were performed under ultrasound guidance by an expert radiologist. Two interventions were performed, separated 14 days and with a follow up of 15, 30, and 60 days after the application. Prior to treatment, an exhaustive ultrasound exam was performed (Phillips® ultrasound with a linear probe 14-5 MHz) in the intervention area. After the corresponding antiseptic measures were performed, the abscess was anesthetized and drained (1-2 mL mepivacaine and physiological saline), using an Introcan® Safety needle of 14G. For the application of PNE, the same needle was used, connected to the Physio Invasiva device (Grupo PRIM®), with a dose of 5 impacts of 5 mA during 5 seconds.
Results All the patients experienced an improvement in their clinical status. The ultrasound controls of the patients displayed a decrease of the abscess and changes in the echogenicity of the same after 30 days: Two of these reported a disappearance of suppuration episodes, whereas one experienced a decrease of the same, both in quantity as well as frequency.
Conclusion PNE can be an effective therapeutic option in the treatment of mammary fistulae. Further studies are required along these lines to verify and complete our preliminary findings.
Assessment of post-surgical pain after the application of ultrasound-guided percutaneous neuromodulation in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: M. Martín-Macho Martínez , A. Ventero Gómez , M. Carrió Font , A. Martín Buigues 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and Aim The use of prosthetic knee replacements currently represent an alternative for patients who suffer from severe gonarthrosis. Treatment via the technique of ultrasound-guided percutaneous neuromodulation (US-guided PNM) is a therapeutic alternative worth considering as a new tool in physical therapy for the post-surgical recovery of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with US-guided PNM in the post-surgical stage among patients intervened with TKA.
Material and Methods Patients were selected between February and May 2017 at the Hospital of Denia and were randomly assigned into two groups. The initial sample was 13 patients. The experimental group (n = 7) received treatment with US-guided PNM plus conventional treatment. The control group (n = 6) only received conventional physiotherapy treatment. Patients in the experimental group received an application of PNM, which consisted of an alternate low frequency current at 10 Hz¸ pulse width 250 μs, with an intensity to the pain threshold. The intervention was performed during four consecutive weeks after hospital discharge. The control group received conventional treatment based on manual therapy, active mobilization and the use of the arthromotor until 115° of knee flexion and 0° knee extension was achieved. The main clinical variables evaluated were pain, measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), quality of life, based on physical and mental components, using the SF12 scale and functional assessment using the Oxford Knee Score. Lastly, pain, stiffness and functional capacity was measured using the WOMAC scale.
Results Both groups obtained statistically significant results in the four variables evaluated compared to the pre-surgery stage, however, the changes were more evident in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were found in the variables evaluated regarding quality of life between the experimental and control group except for the emotional component of the SF-12 scale, where the result was only significant in the experimental group treated with US-guided PNM (P < 0.05). Regarding the improvement in the health status and decreased pain in the postoperative stage after TKA, no significant differences were observed between groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion The application of the US-guided PNM technique provides greater benefits than conventional therapy for decreasing the post-surgical pain in patients who have undergone knee arthroplasty and for emotional function, evaluated using the SF-12 questionnaire.
Sonographic comparison of transcutaneous stimulation versus percutaneus stimulation of the tibialis anterior: a pilot study
Authors: M. Sánchez Lorenzo , R. Seoane Pardo , M. Mira Llopis , S. Iannone Lado 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and Aims Previous studies have evaluated electrostimulation of the tibialis anterior muscle via ultrasound. However, to the best of our knowledge, to date, no study has compared percutaneous stimulation compared to transcutaneous stimulation. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the influence of percutaneous stimulation versus transcutaneous stimulation on the angle and muscle width of the proximal motor point of the tibialis anterior among healthy individuals using ultrasound.
Material and Methods A longitudinal prospective study. The study variables were muscle thickness and pennation angle, measured using ultrasound. A sample of 4 healthy individuals with a mean age of 35.25 years ( ± 2.17), mean height of 1.70m ( ±  0.03) and weight of 67.35kg ( ±  6.32), participated in this study. Stimulation was performed on the tibialis anterior of the dominant leg of each individual (n = 4). The subjects were seated in a vertical position. For position 1, the knee of the dominant leg remained completely extended and the ankle was fixed in a neutral position with an orthosis comprised of Velcro straps which immobilized the ankle and forefoot joints. For position 2, the knee remained flexed 90 degrees with the foot fixed in the orthosis and supported on the floor. The proximal motor point of the tibialis anterior muscle was located. A biphasic symmetric pulse current was used with the maximum tolerated intensity. Transcutaneous stimulation was performed via a small circular electrode, and for percutaneous stimulation a filiform acupuncture needle was used. To capture the ultrasound images, the probe was placed on a system with an articulated mechanical arm and a clamp that enabled the possibility of adjusting the height and/or angle and the position marked on the skin. Normality was contrasted using the Shapiro-Wilk test and sphericity was tested using the Mauchly's test. Analysis of variance was performed (ANOVA) for repeated measures.

Results The comparison of both techniques in position 1 did not show significant differences between the transcutaneous technique versus the percutaneous technique neither for the angle (F = 2.07; p-valor = 0.18), nor for the width (F =0.28; p-value = 0.60). In the case of position 2, significant differences were not found between the transcutaneous technique versus the percutaneous technique, neither for the angle (F = 0.28; p-value = 0.606) nor for the weight (F =0.11; p-value = 0.75).
Conclusions The comparison of transcutaneous stimulation versus percutaneous stimulation in the proximal motor point of the tibialis anterior does not seem to show statistically significant differences for muscle width nor pennation angle.
Musculoskeletal ultrasound as an indicator of physical condition in oncological patients
Authors: MC López-Garzón , I. Cantarero-Villanueva , EP Postigo-Martín , N. Galiano-Castillo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and Aim In 2018, cancer survival (colorectal and breast cancer) rates at five years are estimated at 68%, which is very promising data, however this makes cancer a chronic disease. The illness itself and its treatment negatively affect muscle strength, functional capacity and body composition of these patients. This hampers the performance of activities of daily living, work and leisure. In recent years, ultrasound has evolved as being a useful, simple and innocuous tool to evaluate the muscle architecture in different groups of the population.Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether the muscle architecture of the quadriceps, measured using ultrasound, is associated with muscle strength, functional capacity and body composition in patients with cancer (colorectal and breast cancer) who have completed medical treatment.
Material and Methods A sample of 11 patients (n = 2 breast cancer and n = 9 colorectal cancer) were recruited from the University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves (Granada). An analytical, observational, cross-sectional study was performed in which the width of the quadriceps was assessed (distance between the upper border of the rectus femoris muscle and the superior margin of the femur) in a cross-sectional image using ultrasound (SAMSUNG, HM70A, Seoul, KR) in the dominant lower limb. Furthermore, we evaluated isokinetic muscle strength of knee extensors to 300°/s and isometric muscle strength of the quadriceps using the dynamometer (Humac Norm, 502140, Stoughton, MA), functional capacity using the 6-minute walk test and the percentage of fat and musculoskeletal mass using bioelectrical impedance (InBody 720; Biospace, Seoul, KR). For the analyses, Pearson's correlation coefficients were used before adjusting by age and partial correlation coefficients adjusting by age using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY).
Results The width of the quadriceps (mean ±  SD: 3.13 ±  0.57 cm) showed positive associations with isokinetic torque of extensors (r= 0.693), Q isometry (r = 0.657), musculoskeletal mass (r= 0.518), percentage of fat (r= 0.338) and functional capacity (r= 0.606); and negative associations with age (r= -0.158); although significance was only found for the isokinetic torque of extensors, quadriceps isometry and functional capacity (P < 0.05). The partial correlation of the isokinetic torque of extensors with the width of the quadriceps removing the effect of age was (r= 0.686, P= 0.029) and for quadriceps isometry (r= 0.650, P= 0.042). This partial correlation for functional capacity, removing the effect of age was r= 0.593 (P= 0.071).
Conclusion Ultrasound can be a useful tool as an indicator of physical condition, in terms of strength of oncological patients. These findings support the use of ultrasound in the clinical context of oncological physical therapy as a possible method of functional assessment.
Action of galvanic current on an experimentally generated muscle lesion: preliminary findings
Authors: MM Santafe , R. Margalef , F. Minaya Muñoz , F. Valera Garrido 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Recently, Abat et al evaluated the effect of the application of galvanic currents on a model of muscle injury in the rat by injection of intramuscular Notexin. In mice, Notexin causes a lesion of the entire muscle when in humans, complete affectation is exceptional. In this study, we evaluated the action of the galvanic current on muscle regeneration in partially lesioned muscles with bupivacaine.
Aim To evaluate the action of the galvanic current in an animal model with partial muscle lesion generated with Bupivacaine.
Material and Methods The experiments were performed in adult male Swiss mice who were intramuscularly inoculated with Bupivacaine (BPV) in the posterior muscle bundle of the leg. The control subjects were inoculated with physiological saline (PS). The galvanic current protocol used in this study was 1.5mA during 5 seconds and 3 applications (1.5:5:3; Physio Invasiva®, Grupo Prim). The electromyographic recording was performed at 72 hours and at 7 and 10 days, after the first administration (Medelec Synergy Ultrasound machine, concentric recording needle). The number of areas presenting endplate noise were evaluated and the frequency of endplate noise for each of these areas.
Results Considering that the fibers which have been lesioned by bupivacaine are electromyographically silent, a registration of endplate noise was related with muscle regeneration. The number of areas with endplate noise considerably increased in the injured limb which received the galvanic current compared to the limb that was only lesioned in the first 72 hours. After this, there was no other modification in the number of areas. The frequency of the endplate noise of each area has been significantly greater in all the periods studied, indicating that galvanic current has facilitated muscle regeneration. It is worth noting that these are preliminary results and other more direct tests are pending.
Conclusions The functional findings uncovered in this study, enable us to establish that the application of galvanic currents in an animal model of muscle injury reduce the recovery time of the damaged muscle tissue.