bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Straßengüterverkehr: geplantes EU-Entsenderecht — ein protektionistischer Affront?
Authors: Eisenkopf Alexander , Knorr Andreas 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Straßengüterverkehr ist das Rückgrat des Warenaustauschs im Europäischen Binnenmarkt, denn der überwiegende Teil der in Europa gehandelten Waren wird allen politischen Bekenntnissen zur Verlagerung auf die Schiene zum Trotz nach wie vor per Lkw transportiert. In dieser Branche kommt es jedoch, auch angesichts des starken Wachstums der letzten Jahre, zunehmend zu Verwerfungen. Vordergründig wird über das Problem des Fahrermangels diskutiert, der sich nicht nur in Westeuropa, sondern mittlerweile sogar in den osteuropäischen Staaten bemerkbar macht. Im Hintergrund stellt sich aber die Frage, ob die Prinzipien des Binnenmarkts — insbesondere die Dienstleistungsfreiheit — und die Wettbewerbssituation auf den nationalen Transportmärkten noch kompatibel sind.
Erfolgreiche Nachverhandlung des Freihandelsvertrags mit Mexiko
Authors: Scherrer Christoph 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Freihandelsabkommen zwischen den USA, Mexiko und Kanada in der Nachfolge zum NAFTA ist seit Beginn 2020 Gesetz in den USA. Das Abkommen wird sowohl von den betroffenen Wirtschaftsbereichen als auch von den Gewerkschaften unterstützt. In den vom Kongress erzwungenen Nachverhandlungen wurden insbesondere arbeitsrechtliche Vorschriften vereinbart, die vor Lohndumping aus Mexiko schützen sollen. Diese Vorschriften könnten für weitere Handelsabkommen Vorbild sein.
Effects of Xuezhitong in Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia: a Multicentre, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double Simulation, Positive Drug and Placebo Parallel Control Study
Authors: Jia Wenhao , Li Yan , Wan Jie , Cui Xiaoyun , Lu Jinjin , Liu Jing , Li Dong , Li Lei , Zou Ting , Ding Junpin , Lin Qian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Backgroud
Xuezhitong (XZT) is an extract of Allium macrostemon Bunge that has lipid-lowering properties.

Objective
To evaluate the effects of XZT on lipids in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) without severe dyslipidaemia.

Methods
A total of 358 subjects with HTG were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive XZT (2700 mg daily), xuezhikang (XZK) (1200 mg daily) or placebo. The primary endpoint was the reduction or percent reduction in the TG level over 12 weeks of treatment.

Results
At the 12-week follow-up, a reduction in the TG level from baseline was observed in both groups, but the XZT and XZK groups demonstrated a significantly greater reduction than the placebo group (30.77%, 24.02% vs 11.59%, P < 0.0167); 70.54% of subjects in the XZT group and 62.30% of subjects in the XZK group demonstrated reductions in TG levels of at least 20%, compared with 41.67% of the subjects in the placebo group (P < 0.0167). Treatment with XZT capsules also demonstrated superior performance compared with the placebo with respect to the control of lipids (17.97% vs 5.00%), total cholesterol (TC) (14.18% vs 3.89%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (17.98% vs 2.95%), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (21.47% vs 2.16%). Daily use of XZT for 12 weeks resulted in statistically significant (65.22% vs 38.30%, 25.00%; P < 0.0167) and clinically meaningful increases in HDL-C levels by ≥4 mg/dl compared with XZK and placebo. XZT was safe and well tolerated; the safety and tolerability profiles were similar across treatment groups. No subject experienced myopathy or markedly elevated liver transaminases or creatine kinase.

Conclusions
XZT significantly reduced TG levels and was well tolerated. Longer-term studies in more diverse patient populations are needed to corroborate these findings.

Clinical Trial Registration
www.chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR1900025854.
Awareness growth and dispositional attitudes
Authors: Mahtani Anna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRichard Bradley and others endorse Reverse Bayesianism as the way to model awareness growth. I raise a problem for Reverse Bayesianism—at least for the general version that Bradley endorses—and argue that there is no plausible way to restrict the principle that will give us the right results. To get the right results, we need to pay attention to the (dispositional) attitudes that agents have towards propositions of which they are unaware. This raises more general questions about how awareness growth should be modelled.
Eutrophication Induction Via N/P and P/N Ratios Under Controlled Conditions—Effects of Temperature and Water Sources
Authors: Diatta Jean , Waraczewska Zyta , Grzebisz Witold , Niewiadomska Alicja , Tatuśko-Krygier Natalia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe current research outlines the course of eutrophication processes emerging when some critical physical and chemical factors interact altogether. For this purpose, investigations were carried out, where nitrogen [N as (NH4)2HPO4 and KNO3] and phosphorus [P as (NH4)2HPO4] were added to three different water sources (double distilled water, DDW; tap water, TW; and lacustrine water, LW) and the solutions were incubated at two distinct temperatures (17 and 23 °C). Treatments were kept in 1 dm3 glass jars and the incubation time lasted 7 weeks. The eutrophication process emerged only at 23 °C and was stronger for the lacustrine water (LW). In the case of DDW treatments, this process was observed at N/P = 5.1 and even at 60.0, whereas for the TW, no algal blooming was detected (N/P ratio 17.7–640.0). The lacustrine water (LW) outlined patterns with strong eutrophication at N/P = 4.40, but also at ratios 20.9–71.1. Algal blooming significantly intensified according to LW > TW > DDW but was reversely dependent on the P/N ratios, which followed the range DDW (P/N, 1.6–3.78) > TW (P/N, 0.050–0.100) > LW (P/N, 0.016–0.023). At P = constant (P = 0.10 mg dm−3) and the N inputs varying from 0.010 to 2.0 mg dm−3, it appeared that the higher the N concentrations, the more intensive the eutrophication process. For N/P ratios, phosphorus regulated for most of the intensity of the process, whereas in the case of P/N, the role of N and P was interchangeable. The main finding of the research is that nitrogen revealed in many cases to be a powerful eutrophication-regulating factor than did phosphorus.
IoT scheduling for higher throughput and lower transmission power
Authors: Rajab Husam , Cinkler Tibor , Bouguera Taoufik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe massive increase in the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought a diverse long-range, low-power, and low bit-rate wireless network technologies. The LoRa a low-power wide area network (LPWAN) gained popularity as radio technology for the realization of many IoT applications. LoRa is typically employed together with LoRaWAN MAC protocol and operates in the license-free ISM bands. LoRa networks have an issue with scalability when the number of end nodes connected to one network is larger than the shared number of channels, that causes a collision and packets loss through receiving a wide range of different message sizes from various application. In this paper, we describe an accurate and efficient way confirmed by simulation to calculate the probability of collision rate and packet loss in LPWANs under various circumstances. Moreover, based on the LoRaWAN specification, we consider a dense network deployment of IoT devices. In the event of collisions, our proposed algorithms is classified to two approaches. Firstly a time scheduling algorithm is proposed for LoRaWAN networks that consist of devices supporting LoRaWAN class C mode for synchronization in the beginning between the gateway and the end nodes. Afterwards these devices switch to class A to significantly decrease the collision and to enhance scalability by assigning a Guard Time to each end node. Gateway acknowledgment (ACK) messages to the end nodes are used through class C. Secondly, we also propose a distance spreading factor algorithm according to the distance of the end nodes from the gateway to reduce the probability of collision. Furthermore, many of these devices are battery powered, therefore low power consumption is required.
Workplace Incivility and Work Engagement: The Chain Mediating Effects of Perceived Insider Status, Affective Organizational Commitment and Organizational Identification
Authors: Guo Ju , Qiu Yanjun , Gan Yongtao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe intention of this paper was to test the impact of workplace incivility (WPI) on work engagement of faculty members in private universities in China, exploring the correlation between them through chain mediators, which were perceived insider status (PIS), affective organizational commitment (AC), and organizational identification (OID). A quantitative analysis was used on a sample of 465 participants from 68 private universities in China. The conclusions show that WPI decreases faculty members’ work engagement through the chain mediation effects of PIS, AC and OID. This study attempted to establish a three-in-series mediator model to comprehend the influence mechanism of WPI on work engagement, and the results suggest managers in private universities in China to create a working environment with no tolerance for incivility.
Role of Antenatal Intervention and Pregnancy Outcome in Large Chorioangiomas
Authors: Dhingra Bindiya , Makam Adinarayan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChorioangioma is a non-trophoblastic benign vascular tumour of the placenta affecting fetal outcome. It has no malignant potential. It is usually diagnosed during the 2nd trimester. These are usually found on the fetal side of the placenta, close to the umbilical cord insertion site protruding into the amniotic cavity. Chorioangiomas can be small or large. Small tumours (less than 5 cm) usually have favourable outcome. Large chorioangiomas (more than 5 cm) usually have an unfavourable outcome and may cause maternal complications like pre-eclampsia, preterm labour, placental abruption, placenta previa, polyhydramnios and post partum haemorrhage and fetal complications like anemia, thrombocytopenia, growth restriction, hydrops, cardiomegaly, congestive heart failure and intrauterine fetal demise. With the use of ultrasound and color Doppler, it has become possible to diagnose these early and provide timely intervention in order to prevent fatal complications. Here, we present a case of a large chorioangioma, 10 ⅹ 8.7 ⅹ 9.3 cm, with significant high vascularity and fetal anemia. There was a significant reduction in the size of tumour after interstitial laser coagulation. Following this, an intrauterine transfusion helped in correcting anemia. Other intervention options available for chorioangiomas are endoscopic surgical devascularization, alcoholic ablation and radiofrequency ablation. Polyhydramnios if present, is treated with therapeutic amniocentesis. Delivery is to be considered in case of complications after 34 weeks of gestation. Small chorioangiomas are usually favourable and require close fetal monitoring only.
EEWC: energy-efficient weighted clustering method based on genetic algorithm for HWSNs
Authors: Pal Raju , Yadav Subash , Karnwal Rishabh , Aarti  
Published: March 2020

AbstractWireless sensor networks are widely used in monitoring and managing environmental factors like air quality, humidity, temperature, and pressure. The recent works show that clustering is an effective technique for increasing energy efficiency, traffic load balancing, prolonging the lifetime of the network and scalability of the sensor network. In this paper, a new energy-efficient clustering technique has been proposed based on a genetic algorithm with the newly defined objective function. The proposed clustering method modifies the steady-state phase of the LEACH protocol in a heterogeneous environment. The proposed objective function considers three main clustering parameters such as compactness, separation, and number of cluster heads for optimization. The simulation result shows that the proposed protocol is more effective in improving the performance of wireless sensor networks as compared to other state-of-the-art methods, namely SEP, IHCR, and ERP.
Assessment of the analgesic effectiveness of rectus sheath block in patients who had emergency midline laparotomy: Prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Melesse Debas Yaregal , Chekol Wubie Birlie , Tawuye Hailu Yimer , Denu Zewuditu Abdissa , Agegnehu Abatneh Feleke 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Postoperative pain is a major concern after midline abdominal surgeries. Rectus sheath block (RSB) has been indicated after midline laparatomy; however, the analgesic effect of landmark technique on postoperative pain was not well investigated.

Objectives:
we tested the hypothesis that RSB reduces pain scores, decreased total analgesic consumption and prolong first analgesic request time after emergency midline laparatomy.

Methods:
Prospective observational cohort study was done from February 1 to May 10, 2018. Eighty eight patients were observed in this study, 44 in the RSB group and 44 in the non-exposed group. Pain severity was assessed in first 24 h postoperative period in terms of total analgesic consumption, first analgesic request time and visual analogue scale (VAS) score at 1 h,2 h,4 h,6 h,8 h, 10 h, 12 h and 24 h.

Results:
The RSB group had significantly reduced VAS score at rest and on movement at (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h), but not at (10, 12 and 24 h) point assessed. Patients in RSB group had reduced tramadol requirement compared to non-exposed group in 24 h (255.68 ± 80.13) VS (314.77 ± 97.40), P = 0.003). The 24 h diclofenac consumption was significantly lowered in RSB group (75(75–150) than non-exposed group (150(75–150), P = 0.031. Mean time to first analgesic request was significantly longer in RSB group (372.95 ± 131.41) than non-exposed group (50.34 ± 14.12), p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions:
The RSB group resulted in less pain scores, reduced total analgesic utilization and stayed for longer time for first analgesic request. Therefore we recommended RSB as part of multimodal analgesia after emergency midline laparatomy.

Highlights:
Prevalence and factors associated with preoperative parental anxiety among parents of children undergoing anesthesia and surgery: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ayenew Netsanet Temesgen , Endalew Nigussie Simeneh , Agegnehu Abatneh Feleke , Bizuneh Yosef Belay 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Parents experience anxiety and concern about their children's anesthesia and surgeries, which may affect their ability to function normally and the operating staff caring for the child. We aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with parental anxiety.

Methods:
Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from the 1st February to May 30th, 2019. 203 parents of children were enrolled in the study. The level of anxiety was measured using the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

Results:
Overall prevalence of parental anxiety was 74.2%. Being mother (AOR = 4.45, 95% CI = 1.76–11.27), not informed about anesthesia (AOR = 7.02, 95% CI = 2.62–18.80), child age < 1 year (AOR = 4.10, 95% CI = 1.25–19.15), being farmer (AOR = 9.73, 95% CI = 1.86–50.76), living in rural area (AOR = 4.50, 95% CI = 1.31–15.42), and fear of post-operative pain of the child (AOR = 6.63, 95% CI = 2.42–18.18) were significantly associated with parental anxiety.

Conclusion:
Prevalence of preoperative parental anxiety was high in our setup. Age of child, parent's gender, information about the anesthesia, fear of post-operative pain, and parent's occupation were associated predictor factors. The operating staff should consider these factors when interacting in the perioperative periods of their child's anesthesia and surgery.

Highlights:
The Men Who Stare at Cathedrals: Aesthetic Education, Moral Sentiment, and the German Critique of French Revolutionary Violence, 1793–1794
Authors: Minsky Amir 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe despoliation of the Strasbourg Cathedral during the Jacobin Terror of 1793–94 has long been considered a high point of revolutionary iconoclasm, which manifested for some the anti-enlightened nature of the Terror regime and the violence inherent in the French Revolution itself. The hybrid space—linguistic, cultural, and political—in which these vandalizing acts took place, however, brings to the fore the problem of Franco-German cultural transfer and its politics of emotion as a significant, yet previously untapped, interpretative layer. This article explores the emotional vocabularies used by both French and German commentators, which substantiated their divergent stances regarding historical consciousness, aesthetic sensibility, and national identity in the debate on the legitimacy of revolutionary violence. It argues that while it contributed to the denouement of intercultural transfer in the German-speaking sphere, the vandalism debate also had long-term consequences for German communal identity formation in a sentimental key.
Public Criticism and Private Consent: Protestant Journalism between Theology and Nazism, 1920–1960
Authors: Unger-Alvi Simon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBy retracing the history of the Protestant journalEckart, this article examines a theological forum in which supporters and opponents of the Nazi movement came into direct contact. Specifically, the article evaluates political ambiguities among religious authors, who had openly rejected Nazism from the 1920s onward but would feel compelled by theological considerations to remain loyal to the regime after 1933. Analyzing contemporary discussions of the Protestant Two Kingdoms Doctrine, for example, puts historiographical distinctions between “resistance” and “collaboration” into question. This study shows that Protestant intellectuals were able to voice a limited degree of public criticism until World War II. Their criticism, however, was often so imbued with nationalism and ideals of loyalty that it effectively helped stabilize the Nazi regime. InEckart, even critics engaged deeply withvölkischand anti-Semitic ideology. Finally, this article also shows how these authors perpetuated nationalist ideas in West Germany after 1945.
Decentralization Without Democracy
Authors: Kosec Katrina , Mogues Tewodaj 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIncreasingly, decentralization is being adopted by countries in which assumptions made by formal models of decentralization, such as electoral accountability and population mobility, fail to hold. How does decentralization affect public service delivery in such contexts? The authors exploit the partial rollout of decentralization in the autocratic context of Ethiopia and use a spatial regression discontinuity design to identify its effects. Decentralization improves delivery of productive services, specifically, agricultural services, but has no effect on social services, specifically, drinking water services. This finding is consistent with a model in which local leaders have superior information about the public investments that will deliver the greatest returns and they are incentivized by decentralization to maximize citizens’ production—on which rents depend—rather than citizens’ utility. These findings shed light on nonelectoral mechanisms through which decentralization affects public goods provision and help to explain decentralization’s mixed effects in many nondemocratic settings.
King Rudolf I in Austrian Literature around 1820: Historical Reversion and Legitimization of Rule
Authors: Schneider Karin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRudolf von Habsburg was a recurring motif in Austrian literature after the assumption of an Austrian imperial title by Emperor Francis II/I in 1804. These depictions were nourished by an enthusiasm for the Middle Ages circulating at the beginning of the nineteenth century and focused on the House of Habsburg and the establishment of Habsburg rule in Central Europe in the thirteenth century. As the ancestor of the ruling dynasty, Rudolf von Habsburg was idealized as the symbolic figure of identification for a collective state patriotism, a depiction that emphasized the historic mission of the dynasty and the legitimacy of its rule in the recently established empire. To this end, several complementary strategies—including divine providence, feudal approaches, classical genealogies, German-Austrian patriotism, and historical as well as contemporary references—were employed in texts to construct the Habsburg dynasty's claim to power in Central Europe. The past described in the texts, however, had little in common with historical reality but was rather an artificial design to justify Habsburg hegemony in the region.
Six Dimensions of Concentration in Economics: Evidence from a Large-Scale Data Set
Authors: Glötzl Florentin , Aigner Ernest 
Published: March 2020

ArgumentThis paper argues that the economics discipline is highly concentrated, which may inhibit scientific innovation and change in the future. The argument is based on an empirical investigation of six dimensions of concentration in economics between 1956 and 2016 using a large-scale data set. The results show that North America accounts for nearly half of all articles and three quarters of all citations. Twenty institutions reap a share of 42 percent of citations, five journals a share of 28.5 percent, and 100 authors a share of 15.5 percent. A total of 2.8 percent of citations may be attributed to heterodox schools of thought. Also top articles are concentrated along these dimensions. Overall, concentration has strongly increased over the last six decades.
The superiority of economics and the economics of externalism – a sketch
Authors: Winzler Tim 
Published: March 2020

ArgumentThe article takes as its starting point the relationship of academic economists and the wider society. First, various bodies of literature that deal empirically with this matter are discussed: epistemologically, they range from a bold structuralism via a form of symbolic interactionism to a form of radical constructivism. A Bourdieusian approach is recommended to complement these perspectives with a comprehensive perspective that is sensible to the cultural differences between social groups. Starting from the established notions of field, capital and habitus, the article then attempts to go the initial steps towards formulating a theory of the specificity of academic economics, taking Germany as its example. For that it uses and compares in-depth interviews of recognized and non-recognized German economics students. It shows the thorough interweaving of specific normative and positive dispositions into a conviction of objectivity and disinterestedness. This exploratory empirical induction furthers follow-up questions, the empirical answering of which may help to gain a more complete understanding of the actions and thoughts of economists in their specific contexts.