bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health
Authors: Simon Chantal , Everitt Hazel , van Dorp Françoise , Hussain Nazia , Nash Emma , Peet Danielle 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of General Practice explores mental health in general practice. It covers mental health assessment, symptoms and signs, and psychological therapies. It discusses anxiety and anxiety-type disorders, chronic stress, depression, psychosis, schizophrenia, mania, acute delirium, dementia, and eating disorders.
Factorial study of the RNA-seq computational workflow identifies biases as technical gene signatures
Authors: Simoneau Joël , Gosselin Ryan , Scott Michelle S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
RNA-seq is a modular experimental and computational approach aiming in identifying and quantifying RNA molecules. The modularity of the RNA-seq technology enables adaptation of the protocol to develop new ways to explore RNA biology, but this modularity also brings forth the importance of methodological thoroughness. Liberty of approach comes with the responsibility of choices, and such choices must be informed. Here, we present an approach that identifies gene group-specific quantification biases in current RNA-seq software and references by processing datasets using diverse RNA-seq computational pipelines, and by decomposing these expression datasets with an independent component analysis matrix factorization method. By exploring the RNA-seq pipeline using this systemic approach, we identify genome annotations as a design choice that affects to the same extent quantification results as does the choice of aligners and quantifiers. We also show that the different choices in RNA-seq methodology are not independent, identifying interactions between genome annotations and quantification software. Genes were mainly affected by differences in their sequence, by overlapping genes and genes with similar sequence. Our approach offers an explanation for the observed biases by identifying the common features used differently by the software and references, therefore providing leads for the betterment of RNA-seq methodology.
High-dose methotrexate-based regimens with or without vincristine for the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Freeman Tracelyn , Legasto Carlo S , Schickli M Alexandra , McLaughlin Eric M , Giglio Pierre , Puduvalli Vinay , Gonzalez Javier 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare malignancy with few treatment options. One regimen used for induction is rituximab, high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX), procarbazine, and vincristine (R-MPV). A common institutional practice is removing vincristine (VCR) from this regimen due to its poor CNS penetration and associated toxicities. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the omission of VCR from HD-MTX-based induction impacted clinical outcomes.

Methods
In a retrospective review, patients with PCNSL who received HD-MTX-based induction therapy between January 1, 2010 and May 31, 2018 were evaluated. Patients were stratified according to treatment into 2 groups, VCR-containing therapy versus no VCR. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR) rate following the completion of induction chemotherapy. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse event rate.

Results
Twenty-nine patients were included: 16 patients in the VCR group and 13 in the non-VCR group. A CR was achieved in 7 (44%) and 5 (38%) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28–5.53) patients, respectively. Median OS was 85.3 (95% CI: 20.2–85.3) versus 67.1 months (95% CI: 10.5–NR) and median PFS was 60.7 (95% CI: 9.4–NR) versus 23.7 months (95% CI: 4.7–NR) in the VCR group versus non-VCR group, respectively. The incidence of any grade peripheral neuropathy was higher in the VCR group.

Conclusions
CR rate, OS, and PFS were similar between groups regardless of VCR inclusion. Adverse events were higher in the VCR group. Larger studies are required to further evaluate the efficacy of VCR in PCNSL induction regimens.
Hybrid solid electrolyte enabled dendrite-free Li anodes for high-performance quasi-solid-state lithium-oxygen batteries
Authors: Wang Jin , Huang Gang , Yan Jun-Min , Ma Jin-Ling , Liu Tong , Shi Miao-Miao , Yu Yue , Zhang Miao-Miao , Tang Ji-Lin , Zhang Xin-Bo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe dendrite growth of Li anodes severely degrades the performance of lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries. Recently, hybrid solid electrolyte (HSE) has been regarded as one of the most promising routes to tackle this problem. However, before this is realized, the HSE needs to simultaneously satisfy contradictory requirements of high modulus and even, flexible contact with Li anode, while ensuring uniform Li+ distribution. To tackle this complex dilemma, here, an HSE with rigid Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) core@ultrathin flexible poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) shell interface has been developed. The introduced large amount of nanometer-sized LAGP cores can not only act as structural enhancer to achieve high Young's modulus but can also construct Li+ diffusion network to homogenize Li+ distribution. The ultrathin flexible PVDF-HFP shell provides soft and stable contact between the rigid core and Li metal without affecting the Li+ distribution, meanwhile suppressing the reduction of LAGP induced by direct contact with Li metal. Thanks to these advantages, this ingenious HSE with ultra-high Young's modulus of 25 GPa endows dendrite-free Li deposition even at a deposition capacity of 23.6 mAh. Moreover, with the successful inhibition of Li dendrites, the HSE-based quasi-solid-state Li-O2 battery delivers a long cycling stability of 146 cycles, which is more than three times that of gel polymer electrolyte-based Li-O2 battery. This new insight may serve as a starting point for further designing of HSE in Li-O2 batteries, and can also be extended to various battery systems such as sodium-oxygen batteries.
Boron doping-induced interconnected assembly approach for mesoporous silicon oxycarbide architecture
Authors: Zhu Guanjia , Guo Rui , Luo Wei , Liu Hua Kun , Jiang Wan , Dou Shi Xue , Yang Jianping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Despite desirable progress in various assembly tactics, the main drawback associated with current assemblies is the weak interparticle connections limited by their assembling protocols. Herein, we report a novel boron doping-induced interconnection-assembly approach for fabricating an unprecedented assembly of mesoporous silicon oxycarbide nanospheres, which are derived from periodic mesoporous organosilicas. The as-prepared architecture is composed of interconnected, strongly coupled nanospheres with coarse surfaces. Significantly, through delicate analysis of the as-formed boron doped species, a novel melt-etching and nucleation-growth mechanism is proposed, which offers a new horizon for the developing interconnected assembling technique. Furthermore, such unique strategy shows precise controllability and versatility, endowing the architecture with tunable interconnection size, surface roughness and switchable primary nanoparticles. Impressively, this interconnected assembly along with tunable surface roughness enables intrinsically dual (both structural and interfacial) stable characteristics, achieving extraordinary long-term cycle life when used as a lithium-ion battery anode.
Self-reported diseases and their associated risk factors among camp-dwelling conflict-affected internally displaced populations in Nigeria
Authors: Ekezie Winifred , Myles Puja , Murray Rachael L , Bains Manpreet , Timmons Stephen , Pritchard Catherine 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Background Conflict in Nigeria displaced millions of people, and some settled in camp-like locations within the country. Evidence on the association between living conditions and health outcomes among these populations are limited. This study investigated the risk factors associated with illnesses among camp-dwelling internally displaced persons (IDPs) in northern Nigeria.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in nine camps in 2016. Self-reported data on socio-demography, resource utilization and disease outcomes were collected. Association between health conditions and various factors, including sanitation and healthcare access, was investigated.
Results Data from 2253 IDPs showed 81.1% (CI = 79.5–82.7) experienced one or more health conditions; however, over 20% did not access healthcare services. Most common diseases were malaria, fever, typhoid and diarrhoea. Multivariable logistic regression presented as adjusted odds ratios(aOR) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) showed factors significantly associated with increased likelihood of illnesses included being female (aOR = 1.53;CI = 1.19–1.96), overcrowding (aOR = 1.07;CI = 1.00–1.36), long-term conditions (aOR = 2.72;CI = 1.88–3.94), outdoor defecation (aOR = 2.37;CI = 1.14–4.94) and presence of disease-causing vectors (aOR = 3.71;CI = 1.60–8.60).
Conclusion Most diseases in the camps were communicable. Modifiable risk factors such as overcrowding and poor toilet facilities were associated with increased poor health outcomes. This evidence highlights areas of high priority when planning humanitarian public health interventions.
The role of spirituality in the COVID-19 pandemic: a spiritual hotline project
Authors: Ribeiro Marcus Renato Castro , Damiano Rodolfo Furlan , Marujo Ricardo , Nasri Fabio , Lucchetti Giancarlo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Recent correspondence letters to the editor of this journal pointed out to the need of implementing psychological support during the pandemic and post-pandemic period to both general and frontline workers. Especially, they highlighted the importance of religious/spiritual interventions in order to provide an integral and holistic care. In this perspective, an important consequence of the social isolation is the closure of churches and the suspension of religious meetings in order to avoid agglomeration and contagion. However, although this is a very important approach in terms of public health, a question is raised: how to promote spiritual care and help spiritual/religious individuals to cope with their problems while maintaining compliance with social isolation? To address this question, we report the Spiritual Hotline Project, a project designed by many Brazilian healthcare workers intended to give spiritual and religious assistance to people with different cultural background. So far, the hotline was able to assist people from different parts of the world, including Brazil and Portugal as well as with different religious affiliation, in order to provide a spiritual comfort and care during this public health crisis.
Stratified glucocorticoid monotherapy is safe and effective for most cases of giant cell arteritis
Authors: Karabayas Maira , Dospinescu Paula , Locherty Marc , Moulindu Paul , Sobti Manvi , Hollick Rosemary , De Bari Cosimo , Robinson Susan , Olson John , Basu Neil 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
High-dose glucocorticoids anchor standard care in GCA but are associated with significant toxicity. We aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a stratified approach to glucocorticoid tapering. The strategy aggressively reduced glucocorticoid doses in those manifesting an adequate early response to treatment, with a view to minimizing glucocorticoid complications.

Methods
A retrospective, population-based study of GCA was performed. All cases were confirmed by temporal artery biopsy between November 2010 and November 2015. Baseline and outcome data were extracted from secondary and primary care records at diagnosis and 1 year follow-up. The primary outcome was loss of vision. Secondary outcomes included remission and relapse rates and CS-related complications.

Results
The cohort consisted of 73 patients (76% female; mean age 73.5 years, s.d. 7.6 years). At presentation, a reduction in visual acuity was recorded in 17 patients (22.3%). The median CRP at diagnosis was 69.5 mg/l [interquartile range (IQR) 40.5–101 mg/l], with a median ESR of 80 mm/h (IQR 60–91 mm/h). At 1 year, remission was achieved in 64 patients (87.7%), whereas 10 patients (13.7%) relapsed. A single patient sustained visual loss after initiation of therapy. The median CRP at 1 year was 4 mg/l (IQR 4–9.5 mg/l) and the mean prednisolone dose was 5.4 mg (0–15 mg). CS-related complications were observed in 10 patients (13.7%).

Conclusion
A stratified approach to CS tapering appeared safe and effective in GCA. It was associated with a high rate of remission and promisingly low rates of relapse at 1 year follow-up. These real-world data indicate that glucocorticoid exposure can be minimized safely in some patients with GCA.
Challenges and solutions in developing legitimate online participation for EU biodiversity and ecosystem services policies
Authors: Varumo Liisa , Paloniemi Riikka , Kelemen Eszter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo support legitimate European Union (EU) biodiversity policy development, there is a growing momentum to engage society in these policy processes and build meaningful and inclusive dialogue between science, policy, and society in policy deliberation. So far, engagement efforts have been made to encourage citizen participation in knowledge production via, for example, citizen science. At EU level means to encourage public participation have included a variety of online mechanisms for spreading information and promoting public deliberation. Despite these developments, the involvement of the general public in policy-making at the EU level has been rather inconsistent to date. In this article, we evaluate online science cafés as potential means to encourage dialogue between science, policy, and society; we ask what elements in their design and implementation are essential for inclusive dialogue between science, policy, and society. Our findings emphasise iterative dialogue when approaching multi-scalar challenges. This has important implications for developing legitimate participation across Europe.
Validity of the Talk Test as a Method to Estimate Ventilatory Threshold and Guide Exercise Intensity in Cardiac Patients
Authors: Sørensen Lotte , Larsen Karoline Stentoft Rybjerg , Petersen Annemette Krintel 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To determine the relationship between the Talk Test (TT) and ventilatory threshold (VT) in patients with cardiac disease and to compare the TT with exercise intensity guidelines.

Methods:
Twenty cardiac patients, aged 65 ± 8.5 yr, performed 2 exercise tests with identical ramp protocols on a cycle ergometer on the same day. One test was a submaximal effort to assess exercise intensity using the TT. The other was a cardiopulmonary exercise test using breath-by-breath gas analysis to identify VT and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Results:
Oxygen uptake (

) and workload at the last positive stage (TTpos) was significantly lower than at VT.

and workload at the equivocal stage (TTeq) and the first negative stage (TTneg) were not significantly different from VT, but limits of agreement (LoA) were wide. There was no significant difference in heart rate (HR) at TTpos and TTeq compared with VT, but HR at Tneg was significantly higher. The correlations between the TT and VT ranged from 0.37 to 0.60. Intensity at the different TT stages ranged from 58-77% of

. All TT stages were within intensity guidelines of 40-80% of

.

Conclusion:
Although no significant differences were found in

and workload for TTeq and TTneg when compared with VT, LoA demonstrated wide ranges, suggesting poor individual correspondence. The different stages of the TT can be used as a practical method to guide exercise intensity in patients with cardiac disease.
Exercise Training Effects on the Relationship of Physical Function and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Older Heart Failure Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Brubaker Peter H. , Avis Teagan , Rejeski W. Jack , Mihalko Shannon E. , Tucker Wesley J. , Kitzman Dalane W. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
Although exercise training (ET) has been shown to improve both physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the relationship between changes in these important patient-centered outcome measures has not been adequately investigated.

Methods:
Patients (n = 116) with HFpEF (from 2 previous randomized controlled trials) were assigned to either 16 wk of endurance ET or attention control (CON). The ET in both trials consisted of ≤ 60 min of moderate-intensity endurance ET 3 time/wk. Peak exercise oxygen uptake (V˙o2peak) and other exercise capacity measures were obtained from a cardiopulmonary exercise test on an electronically braked cycle ergometer and 6-min walk test (6MWT). HRQOL was assessed using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLHF) Questionnaire and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36).

Results:
Compared with CON, the ET group demonstrated significant improvement in measures of physical function (V˙o2peak and 6MWT) at 16 wk of follow-up. There were no significant differences observed between the groups for MLHF scores, but the ET group showed significant improvements on the SF-36. There were no significant correlations between change in any of the physical function and HRQOL measures in the ET group.

Conclusions:
While endurance ET improved both physical function and some domains of HRQOL, the lack of significant correlations between changes in these measures suggests the effects of ET on physical function and HRQOL are largely independent of one another. Since these measures assess important and unique patient-centered outcomes in HFpEF patients, both physical function and HRQOL should be assessed in exercise-based programs and clinical trials.
Nested matched case control study for the Japan Fukushima Health Management Survey's first full-scale (second-round) thyroid examination
Authors: Takahashi Hideto , Yasumura Seiji , Takahashi Kunihiko , Ohira Tetsuya , Ohtsuru Akira , Midorikawa Sanae , Suzuki Satoru , Shimura Hiroki , Ishikawa Tetsuo , Sakai Akira , Suzuki Shinichi , Yokoya Susumu , Tanigawa Koichi , Ohto Hitoshi , Kamiya Kenji 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Since Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, thyroid ultrasound examinations have been conducted. The first full-scale examination detected 71 thyroid-cancer cases. This study examined whether radiation exposure was associated with thyroid-cancer incidence.
Subjects were participants in the baseline screening and newborns during the 2011 fiscal year. Under nested matched case-control study design, 10 controls per each case were selected by matching the age, sex, baseline screening results, and interval between examinations. With 3 dose levels of external radiation: 1.3 + mSv (upper), 0.8 to 1.3 (middle), and 0.0 to 0.8 (reference), we applied 2 logistic models adjusting for 3 participation-proportions (primary, secondary, and fine-needle aspiratory cytology), overweight, and the B-result of baseline screening (Model 1), and past medical history, family history of thyroid cancer, and frequencies of eating seafood and seaweed in addition to the parameters in Model 1 (Model 2). We examined each model in 3 ways: (a) excluding subjects with a missing radiation exposure dose; and substituting (b1) median or (b2) mean dose of the municipality with missing dose.
Odds ratios (ORs) of middle-dose exposure were (a) 1.35 (0.46–3.94), (b1) 1.55 (0.61–3.96), and (b2) 1.23 (0.50–3.03) for Model 1, and (a) 1.18 (0.39–3.57), (b1) 1.31 (0.49–3.49), and (b2) 1.02 (0.40–2.59) for Model 2. For upper-dose exposure, similar results were obtained. Past medical history was significantly associated (odds ratio  = 2.04–2.08) with both (b1) and (b2) in Model 2.
No significant associations were obtained between the external radiation exposure and thyroid-cancer incidence.
Twice-daily vs higher-dose once-daily thoracic radiotherapy for limited-disease small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Lin , Liu Libo , Yang Yanjie , Lei Yao , Wang Tianyi , Wu Xiaocui , Guo Xiaoling 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
The optimal dose and fractionation of thoracic radiotherapy (RT) for limited-disease small-cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC) remain controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy and RT toxicity between twice-daily thoracic RT (45 Gy with 1.5 Gy twice daily) and higher-dose once-daily RT (60–72 Gy with 1.8 Gy/2 Gy once daily) administered with chemotherapy in LD-SCLC patients.

Methods:
PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to March 19, 2020 for studies that compared twice-daily thoracic RT (45 Gy with 1.5 Gy twice daily over 3 weeks) with higher-dose once-daily RT (60–72 Gy with 1.8 Gy/2 Gy once daily over 6–8 weeks) in LD-SCLC patients.

Results:
Five studies involving 13,726 patients were included in this analysis. Compared with the once-daily thoracic RT group, the 1-year overall survival (OS) rate (P < .001), the 2-year OS rate (P < .001), the 5-year OS rate (P < .001), the mOS (P < .001), and the 1-year LRFS rate (P = .048) were significantly improved in the twice-daily RT group. The toxic effects of RT (esophagitis: P = .293; pneumonitis: P = .103) were similar in both groups.

Conclusion:
Compared with the higher-dose once-daily regimen, the twice-daily thoracic radiotherapy regimen improved efficacy but did not increase RT toxicity in LD-SCLC patients.
Content and impact of pharmacy services for patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yi Zhan-Miao , Li Ting-Ting , Tang Qi-Yu , Zhang Yuan , Willis Sarah , Zhai Suo-Di 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
Medicines optimisation is important for the management of Parkinson's disease (PD). As many patients with PD have other long-term conditions, treatment is complex and risk of adverse events for these patients is high.

Objective:
To explore the role of pharmacists and impact of pharmacy interventions for PD patients.

Methods:
We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Chinese databases Sinomed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure to identify studies reporting pharmacist interventions and pharmacy services for PD patients using a predefined search strategy. The search period was from inception to March 2019. We also manually searched the reference list of included studies and ClinicalTrials.gov. We conducted meta-analyses to synthesize the evidence quantitatively.

Results:
A total of 1607 studies were identified by applying the search criteria. After screening, 19 cross-sectional and case-controlled studies with 1458 PD patients from 9 countries were included. Pharmacist interventions for PD patients most commonly related to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (13 studies), adherence assessment (12 studies), medication review (12 studies), identification of drug interactions (11 studies), monitoring response to medication therapy (11 studies), identification of inappropriate medication (11 studies), and patient education (10 studies). Most pharmacy services were provided in outpatient settings (13 studies). Reported impact measures included adherence (8 studies), quality of life (7 studies), and identification of drug-related problems (6 studies) such as ADRs (393 times out of 1760 times, 22.33%, 6 studies), inappropriate drug choice (349 times, 19.83%, 6 studies), inappropriate dosage (335 times, 19.03%, 6 studies), inappropriate drug use (257 times, 14.60%, 3 studies) and drug-drug interactions (146 times, 8.3%, 4 studies). Pooled results from 3 studies indicated no statistically significant impact of pharmacy services on all subscales of PD Questionnaire-39.

Conclusion:
ADRs were the most widely reported drug-related problems for PD patients; pharmacy services may have a role to play in medication adherence but were not found to impact on quality of life.