bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomal miR‐103a‐3p ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‐induced immune response in BEAS‐2B cells via NF‐κB pathway by targeting transducin β‐like 1X related protein 1
Authors: Li Ruina , Liang Pengbo , Yuan Juan , He Fangzhi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAbnormal immune response contributes to pathophysiology of pneumonia and is recognized as a main factor for high incidence rate in children. The association between exosomes and inflammation has been reported in diverse cell types and diseases. The current study focuses on exploring the effects of exosomal miR‐103a‐3p on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation, and investigates the underlying mechanisms. We proved that miR‐103a‐3p was lowly expressed in blood samples of pneumonia patients and LPS‐induced lung cells, and overexpression of miR‐103a‐3p weaken the LPS‐induced inflammation. Using luciferase reporter assay and immunoprecipitation assay, we demonstrated that miR‐103a‐3p directly binds to a specific region of transducin β‐like 1X related protein 1 (TBL1XR1), mediating the NF‐κB signalling pathway, thus regulating immune response. Taken together, our data revealed that miR‐103a‐3p functions as an anti‐inflammatory gene in childhood pneumonia and can be applied as therapeutic targets for the treatment of childhood pneumonia in the future.
Economic vulnerability and regional implications of a low carbon emissions future
Authors: Fleming‐Muñoz David A. , Poruschi Lavinia , Measham Thomas , Meyers Jacqui , Moglia Magnus 
Published: December 2019

Climate change, as well as associated mitigation efforts, will substantially disrupt some economies. Seemingly inevitable market and policy changes will push economies to transition away from reliance on industries with higher carbon emissions and bring transient economic impacts, especially in regions that are currently heavily reliant on such industries. This situation is not unusual in a global context. To underpin better‐informed decisions that enable a smoother economic transition to a low‐emissions future, we developed a ‘latent economic vulnerability to emissions reduction’ (LEVER) index, which maps and explores regions that are more likely to be economically impacted from climate change mitigation. Thus, this paper provides an analysis and discussion of the potential regional implications of a future low‐emissions economy, with the analysis contextualised for the state of Queensland, Australia. Given this case study, the economic impacts and future of coal‐fired power stations, coal mining and renewable energy are discussed. The LEVER index weighs the risk of high carbon economic exposure against the variability in carbon economic resilience from employment in low‐emission sectors across local economies. We find that between 3 and 6 per cent of Queensland regions are assessed as having a very high latent economic vulnerability to increased decarbonisation of industrial activities. To promote a smoother transition, these regions will require targeted investments and strategies to enable their transition towards lower carbon‐intensive systems, while maximising economic and social outcomes.
Snakes and ladders: legal coercion, housing precarity, and home‐making aspirations in southern England
Authors: Davey Ryan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe potential for eviction is an ordinary condition of domestic life for many in Europe and North America. This poses a challenge to anthropological theories of the state's presence in ordinary homes, which have accounted for public housing and mass displacement, but not liberalized settings where the state has ostensibly withdrawn from the home. Studies of housing precarity identify state policy and capitalist transformation among its sources, but the consequences of housing precarity for domesticity itself have not been fully explored. Private renters on a housing estate in southern England responded to the bleak prospect of eviction with home‐making pursuits that would instil a sense of optimism in their homes, including mortgage‐based ownership and immersive home entertainment technology. By examining the interplay between fears of eviction and home‐making aspirations, this article argues that the British state's organization of legitimate coercion has a subtle but significant influence on tenants’ ethical visions of what constitutes a good home.
The role of primary school teachers’ attitudes and self‐efficacy beliefs for everyday practices in inclusive classrooms – a study on the verification of the ‘Theory of Planned Behaviour’
Authors: Hellmich Frank , Löper Marwin F. , Görel Gamze 
Published: December 2019

Within the framework of implementing inclusive education in primary schools, various questions arise concerning the role of teachers’ personal resources in their everyday practices in heterogeneous classrooms. Teachers’ professional personalities as well as their intentions concerning inclusive teaching are considered to be important prerequisites for successful learning environments. Therefore, we examined the relevance of primary school teachers’ personal resources, such as their attitudes towards inclusion and their perceived collective self‐efficacy beliefs concerning inclusive teaching, in terms of their everyday practices in heterogeneous classrooms on the basis of the ‘Theory of Planned Behaviour’. We investigated N = 290 primary school teachers’ everyday practices according to their attitudes towards inclusion, their collective self‐efficacy beliefs concerning inclusive education, their perceptions of school management’s expectations and their intentions regarding inclusive education. The results of our study indicate that primary school teachers’ everyday practices in heterogeneous classrooms are significantly predicted by their intentions regarding the implementation of inclusive education and by their attitudes towards inclusive education but not by their collective self‐efficacy beliefs or by their perceptions of school management’s expectations. Specifically, the effect of teachers’ attitudes on their everyday practices in heterogeneous classrooms is significantly mediated by their intentions regarding the implementation of inclusive education.
Subcutaneous granuloma caused by Kodamaea ohmeri in an immunocompromised patient in China
Authors: Yu Qian , Yan Jianna , Gao Zhiqin , Yang Hong , Tang Yichen , Yang Lianjuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present a case of subcutaneous granuloma caused by Kodamaea ohmeri and describe the histopathological characteristics and skin lesions caused by this pathogen. A 55‐year‐old woman, with a history of rheumatoid arthritis, presented with red, painless plaque on her forehead, persistent for 3 months; based on the histopathological and mycological findings and gene sequencing, the patient was diagnosed with subcutaneous granuloma caused by K. ohmeri. This report highlights that early identification and diagnosis and optimal regimens are vital in the management of this intractable infection.
The anatomic distribution of cutaneous melanoma: A detailed study of 5141 lesions
Authors: Wee Edmund , Wolfe Rory , Mclean Catriona , Kelly John W. , Pan Yan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThere is evidence that cutaneous melanomas at different anatomic sites present with distinctive clinicopathologic features. We examined the anatomic distribution of cutaneous melanoma and its variation by patient characteristics, subtype and Breslow thickness, using high‐resolution anatomic site data.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed of all primary cutaneous melanoma cases managed at a tertiary referral centre, analysing prospectively collected clinical data across 50 anatomic subsites.ResultsThe study included 5141 in situ or invasive melanomas; most were invasive (76.2%), and the median Breslow thickness of invasive lesions was 1.0 mm. Superficial spreading (57.2%), lentigo maligna (20.8%) and nodular (12.2%) were the most common histopathological subtypes. Sun‐exposed sites such as the female nose and cheek, the male ear, as well as the upper back in both sexes had the highest incidence of melanoma per unit area. When compared to the posterior forearm, the scalp, ear, preauricular, perioral, subungual and plantar sites had thicker invasive melanomas (each P < 0.05). The peri‐auricular, ear and cheek had the highest incidence of nodular melanoma per unit area. There were subtype‐, age‐ and sex‐specific differences in melanoma anatomic distribution.ConclusionMelanoma most commonly arises in sun‐exposed facial areas, as well as the upper back. Increased thickness is found for melanoma in acral and many head and neck sites. Nodular melanoma is more likely to occur in head and neck sites including the peri‐auricular area, ear and cheek. Clinicians should carefully assess these sites during skin examinations.
Letter: Helicobacter pylori in proton pump inhibitor‐associated biliary disease
Authors: Papaefthymiou Apostolis , Doulberis Michael , Polyzos Stergios A. , Katsinelos Panagiotis , Liatsos Christos , Koffas Apostolos , Kazakos Evangelos , Deretzi Georgia , Srivastava David S. , Kountouras Jannis 
Published: December 2019

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Min et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15466.
Macular oedema and changes in macular thickness in multiple sclerosis patients treated with fingolimod
Authors: Nørgaard Thomas Lohne , Andersen Carl Uggerhøj , Hilt Claudia , Andersen Charlotte Uggerhøj 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMacular oedema is a known side effect to fingolimod, but changes in specific areas of the retina are only sparsely described. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of macular oedema and characterize macular changes after initiation of fingolimod based on routine ophthalmological examinations in all consecutive patients treated at our hospital. We evaluated macular thickness change from baseline to 3‐4 months after initiation of treatment. Central retinal thickness, total macular volume, total macular thickness, average thickness and inner‐/outer macular thickness were automatically measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT). A total of 190 eyes completed the study, and none of those developed visible macular oedema. All macular areas showed a small, but statistically significant increase in thickness. Total macular volume increased by a mean of 0.05 mm3 (P = <.001). Mean best‐corrected visual acuity only changed by .03 (P = .074). We observed a minimal change in macular thickness and no clinically relevant affection on visual acuity after 3‐4 months of fingolimod treatment. Thus, our results do not underpin the need for routine screening for macular oedema in asymptomatic MS patients without diabetes or uveitis receiving 0.5 mg fingolimod daily.
Health and health belief factors associated with screening and help‐seeking behaviours for breast cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the European evidence
Authors: Grimley Catherine E. , Kato Pamela M. , Grunfeld Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe aim of this systematic review was to identify health or health belief factors associated with mammography attendance or with self‐initiated medical help‐seeking for breast cancer symptoms among women in Europe.MethodsFive databases were searched for articles published between 2005 and 2018. Meta‐analyses were conducted for 13 factors related to screening attendance and two factors associated with help‐seeking behaviour. Where there were too few studies to include in the meta‐analysis, a narrative synthesis was undertaken.ResultsSixty‐five studies were included. Never having had cervical screening (d = −.72,p < .001) and higher perceived barriers to mammography (d = −.40,p < .001) were associated with lower levels of screening attendance. Possessing health insurance (d = .49,p < .001), greater perceived benefits (d = .31,p < .001) and motivation (d = .36,p = .003) towards screening, and higher perceived seriousness (d = .24,p = .019) and susceptibility (d = .20,p = .024) towards breast cancer were associated with a higher level of screening attendance. Presenting with a non‐lump symptom was associated with a longer time to presentation (d = .32,p < .001). The narrative synthesis revealed that previous benign breast disease was associated with a higher level of screening attendance but with a longer time to presentation.ConclusionsThe review identified key similarities in factors associated with screening and help‐seeking behaviours which offer scope for combined interventions aimed at women that target both behaviours. Furthermore, the review highlighted that fewer studies have focused on help‐seeking behaviour, despite two thirds of breast cancer cases being self‐detected. Future research should further examine predictors of help‐seeking behaviour including a focus on modifiable factors, such as BMI, and physical activity.
Different receptor mechanisms underlying phytocannabinoid‐ versus synthetic cannabinoid‐induced tetrad effects: Opposite roles of CB1/CB2 versus GPR55 receptors
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Fei , Galaj Ewa , Bi Guo‐Hua , Zhang Cindy , He Yi , Zhan Jia , Bauman Michael H. , Gardner Eliot L. , Xi Zheng‐Xiong 
Published: December 2019

Background and PurposeCannabis or cannabinoids produce characteristic tetrad effects—analgesia, hypothermia, catalepsy and suppressed locomotion, which are believed to be mediated by the activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors. Given recent findings of CB2 and GPR55 receptors in the brain, we examined whether these receptors are also involved in cannabinoid action.Experimental ApproachWe compared Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC)‐, WIN55212‐2‐, or XLR11‐induced tetrad effects between wild‐type (WT) and each genotype of CB1‐, CB2‐ or GPR55‐knockout (KO) mice and then observed the effects of antagonists of these receptors on these tetrad effects in WT mice.Key ResultsSystemic administration of Δ9‐THC, WIN55212‐2 or XLR11 produced dose‐dependent tetrad effects in WT mice. Genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of CB1 receptors abolished the tetrad effects produced by all three cannabinoids. Unexpectedly, genetic deletion of CB2 receptor abolished analgesia and catalepsy produced by Δ9‐THC or WIN55212‐2, but not by XLR11. Microinjections of Δ9‐THC into the lateral ventricles also produced tetrad effects in WT, but not in CB1‐KO mice. CB2‐KO mice displayed a reduction in intraventricular Δ9‐THC‐induced analgesia and catalepsy. In contrast to CB1 and CB2 receptors, genetic deletion of GPR55 receptors caused enhanced responses to Δ9‐THC or WIN55212‐2. Antagonisim of CB1, CB2 or GPR55 receptors produced alterations similar to those observed in each genotype mouse line.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese findings suggest that in addition to CB1, both CB2 and GPR55 receptors are also involved in some pharmacological effects produced by cannabinoids. CB1/CB2, in contrast to GPR55, receptors appears to play opposite roles in cannabinoid action.
Cell‐permeable high‐affinity tracers for Gq proteins provide structural insights, reveal distinct binding kinetics and identify small molecule inhibitors
Authors: Kuschak Markus , Namasivayam Vigneshwaran , Rafehi Muhammad , Voss Jan H. , Garg Jaspal , Schlegel Jonathan G. , Abdelrahman Aliaa , Kehraus Stefan , Reher Raphael , Küppers Jim , Sylvester Katharina , Hinz Sonja , Matthey Michaela , Wenzel Daniela , Fleischmann Bernd K. , Pfeifer Alexander , Inoue Asuka , Gütschow Michael , König Gabriele M. , Müller Christa E. 
Published: December 2019

Background and PurposeG proteins are intracellular switches that transduce and amplify extracellular signals from GPCRs. The Gq protein subtypes, which are coupled to PLC activation, can act as oncogenes, and their expression was reported to be up‐regulated in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Gq inhibition may be an efficient therapeutic strategy constituting a new level of intervention. However, diagnostic tools and therapeutic drugs for Gq proteins are lacking.Experimental ApproachWe have now developed Gq‐specific, cell‐permeable 3H‐labelled high‐affinity probes based on the macrocyclic depsipeptides FR900359 (FR) and YM‐254890 (YM). The tracers served to specifically label and quantify Gq proteins in their native conformation in cells and tissues with high accuracy.Key ResultsFR and YM displayed low nanomolar affinity for Gαq, Gα11 and Gα14 expressed in CRISPR/Cas9 Gαq‐knockout cells, but not for Gα15. The two structurally very similar tracers showed strikingly different dissociation kinetics, which is predicted to result in divergent biological effects. Computational studies suggested a “dowel” effect of the pseudoirreversibly binding FR. A high‐throughput binding assay led to the discovery of novel Gq inhibitors, which inhibited Gq signalling in recombinant cells and primary murine brown adipocytes, resulting in enhanced differentiation.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe Gq protein inhibitors YM and FR are pharmacologically different despite similar structures. The new versatile tools and powerful assays will contribute to the advancement of the rising field of G protein research.
Risperidone stimulates food intake and induces body weight gain via the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus 5‐HT2c receptor—NPY pathway
Authors: Wan Xiao‐Qin , Zeng Fan , Huang Xu‐Feng , Yang He‐Qin , Wang Lan , Shi Yan‐Chuan , Zhang Zhi‐Hui , Lin Shu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsMany patients taking risperidone for the treatment of psychiatric disorders experience substantial body weight gain. Researchers have speculated that risperidone induces obesity by modulating central signals; however, the precise central mechanisms involved remain to be fully elucidated.MethodsTwenty‐four C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: a control group; a risperidone‐treated group; a lorcaserin‐treated group; and a combined risperidone + lorcaserin‐treated group. The mice were received the corresponding treatments for 4 weeks, and their brains were collected for in situ hybridization analysis. A subset of C57BL/6J mice was administrated with risperidone or placebo, and brains were collected 60 minutes post‐treatment for determination of c‐fos activity. In addition, brains of NPY‐GFP mice treated with or without risperidone were collected to perform colocalization of NPY and c‐fos, as well as NPY and 5‐HT2c receptor using immunohistochemistry.ResultsThere was significantly elevated c‐fos expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Arc) of risperidone‐treated mice. More than 68% c‐fos‐positive neurons were NPY‐expressing neurons. Furthermore, in situ hybridization revealed that Arc NPY mRNA expression was significantly increased in the risperidone‐treated group compared with control group. Moreover, we identified that 95% 5‐HT2c receptors were colocalized with NPY positive neurons, and increased Arc NPY mRNA expression induced by risperidone was markedly reduced by cotreatment with lorcaserin, a specific 5‐HT2c receptor agonist.ConclusionOur findings provide critical insight into the mechanisms underlying antipsychotic‐induced obesity, which may assist the development of therapeutic strategies to address metabolic side effects of risperidone.
Leveraging active learning to reduce human effort in the generation of ground‐truth for entity resolution
Authors: Fernandes de Araújo Diego , Santos Pires Carlos Eduardo , Cassimiro Nascimento Dimas 
Published: December 2019

SummarySeveral methods of entity resolution (ER) have been developed in academia and industry over the years, with the intention to identify duplicate entities (eg, records) in datasets. To evaluate the efficacy of such methods, it is necessary to compare their results with a ground‐truth, which consists of a document containing all known duplicate record pairs in a dataset. In general, the generation of ground‐truths for real datasets is performed manually from the inspection of all combinations of pairs of records in a dataset. This is subject to error and presents quadratic complexity, with respect to the size(s) of the dataset(s), requiring a long time to be performed. In this context, some works present (semi)automatic approaches for the generation of ground‐truths for the ER task. However, such approaches are either not applicable to several domains or still present a considerable manual effort. In this work, we propose GTGenERAL, a semiautomatic approach that combines results from multiple algorithms of ER together with active learning to generate accurate ground‐truths employing reduced manual effort. Experiments using real datasets show that, with great manual effort reduction, GTGenERAL is able to generate ground‐truths close to those generated by the state‐of‐the‐art approach.
Long‐term monitoring reveals forest tree community change driven by atmospheric sulphate pollution and contemporary climate change
Authors: Verrico Brittany M. , Weiland Jeremy , Perkins Timothy D. , Beckage Brian , Keller Stephen R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimMontane environments are sentinels of global change, providing unique opportunities to assess impacts on species diversity. Multiple anthropogenic stressors such as climate change and atmospheric pollution may act concurrently or synergistically in restructuring communities. Thus, a major challenge for conservation is untangling the relative importance of different stressors. Here, we combine long‐term monitoring with multivariate community modelling to estimate the anthropogenic drivers shaping forest tree diversity along an elevational gradient.LocationCamels Hump Mountain, Vermont, USA.MethodsWe used Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling (GDM) to model spatial and temporal turnover in beta diversity along an elevational gradient over a 50‐year period and tested for spatiotemporal shifts in density and elevational distribution of individual species. GDMs were used to predict community turnover as nonlinear functions of changes in elevation, climate and atmospheric pollution.ResultsWe observed significant shifts in elevational range and density of individual species, which contributed to an overall reduction in the elevational gradient in beta diversity through time. GDMs showed the combined effects of sulphate deposition and temperature as drivers of this temporal reduction in beta diversity. Spatiotemporal changes differed among species, with shifts observed both up‐ and downslope. For example, in a reversal of a previous upslope range contraction, red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) increased in density and shifted downslope since the 1990s, occupying warmer, drier climates.Main conclusionOur results demonstrate that global change is impacting the stratification of forest tree diversity along elevational gradients, but the responses of individual species are complex and variable in direction. We suggest abiotic drivers may directly impact individual species while also indirectly altering species interactions along elevational gradients. Our approach modelling the drivers of compositional turnover quantifies the rate and amount of change in beta diversity along environmental gradients and serves as a powerful complement to studying species‐specific responses.