bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade‐offs between forage crop productivity and soil nutrients for different ages of alfalfa grassland
Authors: Fang Yan , Huang Ze , Cui Zeng , He Hong‐Hua , Liu Yu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObtaining sustainable high yield and suitable soil nutrient management is crucial for cultivate alfalfa grassland. However, the information on the trade‐offs between soil nutrient and productivity of alfalfa grassland following long‐term cultivation under intensive agricultural management is scare. Six alfalfa grasslands of different ages under a highly intensive agricultural management system were chosen for this study. It was shown that long‐term planting of alfalfa reduced soil nutrients overall. In the 0–100, 100–200, and 200–300 cm layers, the highest values of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (TN), and soil total phosphorus (TP) content were observed in one‐year‐old alfalfa grassland. SOC, TN, and TP contents in each 100 cm soil layers linearly declined with increasing stand age, and decreasing rates of SOC and TN (4.31 and 0.03 g kg−1 yr−1) in the 0–100 cm layer were higher than other two soil layers. The SOC storage (SOCS) and TN storage (TNS) in 0–20 cm soil were significantly higher than other soil profiles in six alfalfa grasslands of different ages. SOCS and TNS in 0–100 cm, especially in upper 40 cm soil, decreased over time until the fourth year, and gradually increased in the fifth and sixth years. While in the third and fourth years, productivity reached peak value (3.13 and 3.12 t ha−1), and then reduced. Correlation analysis showed productivity was significantly negatively correlated with SOCS and TNS in 0–100 cm soil depth. The decline in soil nutrients affected alfalfa growth and then feedback its productivity, and the optimal stand age of alfalfa grasslands should not be longer than 6 years for the limitation of soil nutrient, especially SOC storage. To acquire sustainable high productivity of artificial alfalfa grassland, our study suggested that more organic and nitrogen/phosphorus fertilizers should be applied to the upper soil layer beginning in the third year after planting.
Development of soymeal fortified cookies to combat malnutrition
Authors: Ghoshal Gargi , Kaushik Prerna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe defatted soy flour contains a lot of essential amino acids and proteins of high biological value and, therefore, it is suitable for the development of protein rich food products. The aim of the study was to develop protein‐rich soymeal fortified cookies using different combination of wheat flour (WF) and soymeal flour (SMF) and characterize. The blends (WF/SMF) were selected in the ratio of 100:0 (S0), 85:15 (S15), 80:20 (S20), and 75:25 (S25) to improve the nutrient content of the cookies. The physicochemical, functional, sensory and nutritive properties, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant properties of those flour blends and developed cookies were assessed. The fortified cookies had higher total soluble phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities in terms of total gallic acid and oxygen scavenging potential. Furthermore, a strong correlation was observed between the total soluble phenolic contents and the antioxidant capacities based on the DPPH (r = 0.945 and 0.912) and ABTS (r = 0.921 and 0.941), respectively, for the fortified flour and the formulated cookies. The calcium and iron contents in the fortified cookies were higher than the control cookies. The formulation containing 20% of soy flour exhibited the best organoleptic characteristics with improved nutritional and antioxidant properties and shelf life.
Phylogenetic analysis of Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus species isolated from sugarcane processing streams
Authors: Nel Sanet , Davis Stephen B. , Endo Akihito , Dicks Leon M. T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigh levels of gums such as dextran, produced by Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus spp., have a severe impact on factory throughput and sugar quality. This study aimed to determine the phylogenetic relationships between gum‐producing Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus bacteria which were isolated from various locations in a sugarcane processing factory at times when low‐ and high‐dextran raw sugar, respectively, were produced. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped 81 isolates with the type strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (subspp. mesenteroides, dextranicum, and cremoris), Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Leuconostoc lactis, and Leuconostoc citreum, respectively. Forty‐three isolates clustered with the type strain of Lactobacillus fermentum. The phylogenetic relatedness of the isolates was determined by sequencing and analysis of the housekeeping genes rpoA and dnaA for Leuconostoc spp. and the pheS and tuf genes for the Lactobacillus spp. The rpoA gene proved discriminatory for the phylogenetic resolution of all of the isolated Leuconostoc spp. and the dnaA housekeeping gene was shown to be effective for isolates clustering with the type strains of Leuc. mesenteroides and Leuc. citreum. None of the loci examined permitted differentiation at the subspecies level of Leuc. mesenteroides. Single‐locus analysis, as well as the concatenation of the pheS and tuf housekeeping gene sequences, yielded identical phylogenies for the Lactobacillus isolates corresponding to L. fermentum.
Lie symmetry analysis, optimal system, and generalized group invariant solutions of the (2 + 1)‐dimensional Date–Jimbo–Kashiwara–Miwa equation
Authors: Chauhan Astha , Sharma Kajal , Arora Rajan 
Published: June 2020

In this work, Lie group theoretic method is used to carry out the similarity reduction and solitary wave solutions of (2 + 1)‐dimensional Date–Jimbo–Kashiwara–Miwa (DJKM) equation. The equation describes the propagation of nonlinear dispersive waves in inhomogeneous media. Under the invariance property of Lie groups, the infinitesimal generators for the governing equation have been obtained. Thereafter, commutator table, adjoint table, invariant functions, and one‐dimensional optimal system of subalgebras are derived by using Lie point symmetries. The symmetry reductions and some group invariant solutions of the DJKM equation are obtained based on some subalgebras. The obtained solutions are new and more general than the rest while known results reported in the literature. In order to show the physical affirmation of the results, the obtained solutions are supplemented through numerical simulation. Thus, the solitary wave, doubly soliton, multi soliton, and dark soliton profiles of the solutions are traced to make this research physically meaningful.
Removal of hypotaurine from porcine embryo culture medium does not impair development of in vitro‐fertilized or somatic cell nuclear transfer‐derived embryos at low oxygen tension
Authors: Chen Paula R. , Spate Lee D. , Leffeler Eric C. , Benne Joshua A. , Cecil Raissa F. , Hord Taylor K. , Prather Randall S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHypotaurine (HT) is a routine component of porcine embryo culture medium, functioning as an antioxidant, but its requirement may be diminished as most embryo culture systems now use 5% O2 instead of atmospheric (20%) O2. Our objective was to determine the effects of removing HT from the culture medium on porcine preimplantation embryo development. Embryos cultured in 20% O2 without HT had decreased blastocyst development compared to culture with HT or in 5% O2 with or without HT. Notably, differences in blastocyst development or total cell number were not detected between embryos cultured in 5% O2 with or without HT. After culture in 5% O2 without HT and embryo transfer, healthy fetuses were retrieved from two pregnancies on Day 42, confirming in vivo developmental competence. Transcript abundance of proapoptotic markers was decreased in embryos cultured without HT regardless of oxygen tension; however, assays for apoptosis did not demonstrate differences between groups. Additionally, no differences were observed in the development or apoptosis of somatic cell nuclear transfer‐derived embryos cultured in 5% O2 with or without HT. With decreased utility in 5% O2, removing HT from porcine embryo culture medium would also have economic advantages because it is undoubtedly the most expensive component.
Long‐term outcome of adjustable transobturator male system for stress urinary incontinence in the Iberian multicentre study
Authors: Angulo Javier C. , Virseda‐Chamorro Miguel , Arance Ignacio , Ruiz Sonia , Ojea Antonio , Carballo Manuel , Rodríguez Andrés , Pereira Javier , Teyrouz Antoine , Rebassa Miguel , Escribano Gregorio , Teba Fernando , Celada Guillermo , Madurga Blanca , Martins Francisco E. , Mendes Pedro A. , Cruz Francisco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to evaluate long‐term durability and effectiveness of the adjustable transobturator male system (ATOMS).Materials and MethodsThe retrospective multicenter Iberian ATOMS study (n = 215) was updated to evaluate long‐term continence status, complications, explants, and secondary treatments. Mean follow‐up from surgery to March 2020 was 60.6 ± 18.4 months (range, 39‐91). Eleven patients deceased of an unrelated causes. Kaplan‐Meier curves were performed to evaluate device durability and incontinence free of recurrence interval. The multivariate analysis defined the population at risk of device explant.ResultsA total of 155 patients were dry at the last follow‐up visit (72.1%); 99 (46%) used no pads and 56 (26%) used a security pad/day with urine loss less than 10 mL; 96% of dry patients after adjustment remained free of incontinence 1 year later, 93.6% 2 years later, 91.1% 3 years later, 89.2% 5 years later, and 86.7% 8 years later. Complications during follow‐up occurred in 43 of 215 (20%). In total, 25 (11.6%) devices were explanted and causes were inefficacy 11 (44%), inefficacy and pain 3 (12%), port erosion 10 (40%), and wound infection 1 (4%). The secondary implant was performed in 11 (5.1%) cases, 6 artificial urinary sphincter and 5 repeated ATOMS. Time to explant was associated to complications (P < .0001), baseline stress urinary incontinence (SUI) severity (P = .01), and former irradiation (P = .03). Multivariate analysis revealed complications (hazard ratio [HR] = 8.71; 3.83‐19.82), baseline SUI severity (>5 compared to 1‐2 pads/day; HR = 14.9; 1.87‐125), and irradiation before ATOMS (HR = 2.26; 1.02‐5.18) predicted earlier ATOMS explant. Three cases received radiation after implant without complication.ConclusionsATOMS device is efficacious and safe in the long term. Determinants for device explant include complications, baseline severity of incontinence, and previous irradiation. Currently, the durability of the device after 5 years is reassuring.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Bioequivalence of Two Empagliflozin Formulations after Single Oral Administration under Fasting and Fed Conditions in Healthy Chinese Subjects: An Open‐label Randomized Single‐dose Two‐sequence, Two‐treatment, Two‐period Crossover Study
Authors: Chen Gang , Zhang Dan , Du Aihua , Zhang Yanan , Zhang Ying , Zhang Lina , Zang Siqi , Liu Xiaona , Wang Zejuan , Zhen Haiqing , Liu Yujing , Yang Shuya , Wang Jin 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties and safety of empagliflozin, and the bioequivalence of test formulation empagliflozin tablet compared with the brand‐name drug Jardiance (reference formulation) after single oral administration under fasting and fed conditions in healthy Chinese subjects.MethodsAn open‐label randomized single‐dose two‐sequence, two‐treatment, two‐period crossover study was conducted in healthy Chinese subjects, with 30 subjects under fasting condition and another 30 subjects under fed condition. Under each condition, subjects received a single oral administration of either the test or reference empagliflozin formulation, and then they received a single oral dose of the other formulation after a 7‐day washout period.ResultsA total of 29 subjects under each condition completed the study. The maximum plasma drug concentration, the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) from 0 to t (AUC0–t), and the AUC from 0 to infinity (AUC0–∞) of test formulation and reference formulation was 186.90 ± 47.21 and 190.60 ± 40.94 ng/ml, 1303.04 ± 234.28 and 1267.78 ± 217.07 ng·hour/ml, and 1328.08 ± 243.84 and 1293.22 ± 224.82 ng·hour/ml under fasting condition, and 151.55 ± 23.86 and 154.08 ± 30.40 ng/ml, 1215.65 ± 197.62 and 1199.26 ± 186.23 ng·hour/ml, and 1241.76 ± 202.47 and 1225.54 ± 192.10 ng·hour/ml under fed condition, respectively.ConclusionsThe two formulations of empagliflozin were bioequivalent, and both were generally well tolerated under fasting and fed conditions.
The impact of covariance priors on arm‐based Bayesian network meta‐analyses with binary outcomes
Authors: Wang Zhenxun , Lin Lifeng , Hodges James S. , Chu Haitao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBayesian analyses with the arm‐based (AB) network meta‐analysis (NMA) model require researchers to specify a prior distribution for the covariance matrix of the treatment‐specific event rates in a transformed scale, for example, the treatment‐specific log‐odds when a logit transformation is used. The commonly used conjugate prior for the covariance matrix, the inverse‐Wishart (IW) distribution, has several limitations. For example, although the IW distribution is often described as noninformative or weakly informative, it may in fact provide strong information when some variance components are small (eg, when the standard deviation of study‐specific log‐odds of a treatment is smaller than 1/2), as is common in NMAs with binary outcomes. In addition, the IW prior generally leads to underestimation of correlations between treatment‐specific log‐odds, which are critical for borrowing strength across treatment arms to estimate treatment effects efficiently and to reduce potential bias. Alternatively, several separation strategies (ie, separate priors on variances and correlations) can be considered. To study the IW prior's impact on NMA results and compare it with separation strategies, we did simulation studies under different missing‐treatment mechanisms. A separation strategy with appropriate priors for the correlation matrix and variances performs better than the IW prior, and should be recommended as the default vague prior in the AB NMA approach. Finally, we reanalyzed three case studies and illustrated the importance, when performing AB‐NMA, of sensitivity analyses with different prior specifications on variances.
Spectroscopic (FTIR and UV‐Vis) Analysis, Supramolecular Studies, XRD Structural Characterization and Theoretical Studies of Two Flavone‐Oxime Derivatives
Authors: Moreno‐Fuquen Rodolfo , Morales Vanessa , Loaiza Alix , Tenorio Juan Carlos , Goddard Richard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo flavone oxime derivatives, (E)‐2‐phenyl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one O‐(2‐bromoallyl)oxime (C18H14BrNO2) (1) and (E)‐2‐phenyl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one O‐benzyloxime (C22H17NO2) (2), were analyzed by XRD, IR (FT‐IR), and UV‐Vis spectroscopies. Supramolecular studies of the two compounds revealed the existence of weak C−Br…Cg halogen bonds as well as weak C−H…O interactions in the first oxime derivative and even weaker interactions dominated by dispersion forces in the second derivative. These interactions were further analyzed by observing the Hirshfeld surfaces. To evaluate the features of the halogen interactions, molecular electrostatic studies (MEP) were performed. These studies showed positive charges on the surface of the halogen atom, demonstrating the presence of a “sigma hole”. The maximum and minimum values of the molecular electrostatic potential indicate low molecular reactivity, and difficult access of the electrophilic or nucleophilic agents to the molecule, in the case of a hypothetical reaction, is observed. Spectroscopic studies in the IR region showed similar results for the two compounds, finding specific differences in the behavior of the N−O and N=C frequencies that characterize the oxime group. UV–visible spectra of both compounds were also recorded and the electronic properties, such as HOMO, LUMO and band gap energies were measured by time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) approach. Analysis of the interaction energies of the two compounds between pairs of neighboring molecules within a radius of 3.8 Å, using the CrystalExplorer program at the DFT/6‐31G level, showed that the Edis term essentially contributed to the total interaction energy in the process of crystal formation.
A recentering approach for interpreting interaction effects from logit, probit, and other nonlinear models
Authors: Jeong Yujin , Siegel Jordan I. , Chen Sophie Yu‐Pu , Newey Whitney K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryStrategic management has seen numerous studies analyzing interaction terms in nonlinear models since Hoetker's (Strat Mgmt J., 2007, 28(4), 331–343) best‐practice recommendations and Zelner's (Strat Mgmt J., 2009, 30(12), 1335–1348) simulation‐based approach. We suggest an alternative recentering approach to assess the statistical and economic importance of interaction terms in nonlinear models. Our approach does not rely on making assumptions about the values of the control variables; it takes the existing model and data as is and requires fewer computational steps. The recentering approach not only provides a consistent answer about statistical meaningfulness of the interaction term at a given point of interest, but also helps to assess the effect size using the template that we offer in this study. We demonstrate how to implement our approach and discuss the implications for strategy researchers.Managerial SummaryIn industry settings, the relationship between multiple corporate strategy‐related inputs and corporate performance is often nonlinear in nature. Furthermore, such relationships tend to vary for different types of firms represented within the broader population of firms in a given industry. It is thus imperative for managers to know how to take nonlinear relationships between related business factors into account when they make strategic decisions. We suggest a simple and easily implementable way of assessing and interpreting interactions in a nonlinear setting, which we term a recentering approach. We demonstrate how to apply our approach to a strategic management setting.
From litigation to innovation: Firms' ability to litigate and technological diversification through human capital
Authors: Ganco Martin , Miller Cameron D. , Toh Puay Khoon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryWhen firms diversify technologically, they often acquire human capital from competitors. Legal challenges emerge when intellectual property (IP) safeguards are involved. We examine a firm's ability to initiate IP litigation or protect against litigation (i.e., litigation ability) as an antecedent to its technological diversification. We demonstrate that an unexpected reduction in firm's litigation ability is associated with a temporary decline in its entry into new technological domains. Furthermore, we find that the negative effect is stronger when the firm's existing inventors cannot be easily utilized in the new domain or when interfirm mobility in the new domain is low. These findings extend prior work by highlighting a proactive role of the firm's litigation ability that spans beyond protecting the firm's existing IP.Managerial SummaryTo diversify successfully, the firm often needs new knowledge that can be acquired by hiring new research personnel. However, these inventors may come from competitors and their knowledge may be protected by IP safeguards. We examine how the firm's ability to initiate and protect against IP litigation influences its technological diversification. We find that an unexpected reduction in a firm's ability to litigate temporarily reduces its expansion. The negative effect is magnified when considering expansion into domains where the firm's existing inventors cannot be utilized or where the intermobility of inventors is low. Our findings suggest that the ability to both protect IP and avoid litigation are important factors in a firm's diversification strategy.
Advancing physiological maturation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac muscle by gene editing an inducible adult troponin isoform switch
Authors: Wheelwright Matthew , Mikkila Jennifer , Bedada Fikru B. , Mandegar Mohammad A. , Thompson Brian R. , Metzger Joseph M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Advancing maturation of stem cell-derived cardiac muscle represents a major barrier to progress in cardiac regenerative medicine. Cardiac muscle maturation involves a myriad of gene, protein, and cell-based transitions, spanning across all aspects of cardiac muscle form and function. We focused here on a key developmentally controlled transition in the cardiac sarcomere, the functional unit of the heart. Using a gene-editing platform, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSCs) were engineered with a drug-inducible expression cassette driving the adult cardiac troponin I (cTnI) regulatory isoform, a transition shown to be a rate-limiting step in advancing sarcomeric maturation of hiPSC cardiac muscle (hiPSC-CM) toward the adult state. Findings show that induction of the adult cTnI isoform resulted in the physiological acquisition of adult-like cardiac contractile function in hiPSC-CMs in vitro. Specifically, cTnI induction accelerated relaxation kinetics at baseline conditions, a result independent of alterations in the kinetics of the intracellular Ca2+ transient. In comparison, isogenic unedited hiPSC-CMs had no cTnI induction and no change in relaxation function. Temporal control of adult cTnI isoform induction did not alter other developmentally regulated sarcomere transitions, including myosin heavy chain isoform expression, nor did it affect expression of SERCA2a or phospholamban. Taken together, precision genetic targeting of sarcomere maturation via inducible TnI isoform switching enables physiologically relevant adult myocardium-like contractile adaptations that are essential for beat-to-beat modulation of adult human heart performance. These findings have relevance to hiPSC-CM structure-function and drug-discovery studies in vitro, as well as for potential future clinical applications of physiologically optimized hiPSC-CM in cardiac regeneration/repair.
Assessing the influence of fibers on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with different longitudinal reinforcement ratios
Authors: Conforti Antonio , Zerbino Raúl , Plizzari Giovanni 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of fibers in reinforced concrete (RC) beams mainly improves both the bearing capacity and the cracking control. In this way, positive effects on the service life of RC structures can be expected. In this paper, the fiber influence on the flexural behavior of RC beams with different longitudinal reinforcement ratios (0.5% ≤ ρs ≤ 1.2%) is analyzed by testing small‐scale RC beams. Concretes incorporating 0, 25 and 50 kg/m3 of steel, 6 and 12 kg/m3 of glass macrofibers, and 5 and 10 kg/m3 of polymer macrofibers were studied. Crack and deflection control, as well as bearing capacity and crack localization were evaluated for a broad range of fiber‐reinforced concrete (FRC) toughness. It is verified that fibers, in the longitudinal reinforcement ratio considered, improve the bending behavior at serviceability limit state (SLS) and ultimate limit state (ULS) of RC beams, without limiting the structure ductility. It was also confirmed the philosophy of the fib Model Code 2010, such that FRC can be considered as a composite material where performance parameters govern its mechanical behavior. Finally, the several data available allowed to deeply analyze fib Model Code 2010 formulations (mean crack spacing and flexural bearing capacity) and to propose modifications where needed.