bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Extracellular Proteolityc Enzym From Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Various Indonesian Traditional Fermented Product (Bakasam)
Authors: Suradi K , Chairunnisa H , Wulandari E , Putranto W S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Local isolates of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Bakasam had potential to producing extracellular proteases. The research was carried out with the purpose of knowing the biochemical character of protease produced from isolates of lactic acid bacteria. The results showed extracellular protease isolates BAL 2 (Lactobacillus acidophillus) has a specific activity i.e. of 0.89 U/mg. Biochemical characterization of proteases indicates optimum pH 5.5, and is inhibited by chelating agent EDTA. The result of the purification with Sephadex G-100 column showed a band on SDS-PAGE with the size of molecular weight approximately 90 kD.
Study of Empowerment Smallholders Cocoa Based on Agro-Industry Approach
Authors: Trimo L , Hidayat S , Ernah  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Empowering smallholders’ cocoa based on agro-industry requires readiness of the cocoa commodity itself from on-farm to off-farm. The research technique conducted in this study is a descriptive survey approach. The research site is Luwu Raya in South Sulawesi Province. This study uses literature and interviews as a data collection technique. Interviews were conducted with related parties such as government agencies, cooperatives, manufacturers, cocoa farmers associations, and farmer groups which were selected purposively. Collecting secondary data is done by collecting documents in the relevant agencies. Data and information obtained were analyzed descriptively correlatively. The results showed that empowerment of community cocoa into an independent community through agro-industry became a necessity, considering the potential of the community’s cocoa in producing cocoa beans was quite large and only a small portion was processed into finished products. To that end, in order to reach an independent community on cocoa commodities, various things are needed such as transferring technology based on local potential, facilitating the government in providing bailouts and processing machines, and supporting regulations that favor farmers.
Study of winding inter turn short circuit effect on permanent magnet synchronous motor performance
Authors: Liu Z Y , Sun J , He Y-L , Gao H-B , Sheng C-X , Xu X-B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Single phase winding’s inter turn short circuit is a common fault in permanent magnet synchronous motor, the short circuit will cause the change of the motor performance to various degrees. In this paper, a 70 kW permanent magnet motor is taken as an example, and ANSYS Maxwell software is used to establish the model of permanent magnet synchronous motor. The inter turn short circuit fault is simulated by reducing the number of turns of the coil. With the help of the software’s powerful electromagnetic field analysis ability and post-processing function, the fault influence on stator winding phase current, electromotive force, torque fluctuation and iron loss, copper loss effect are studied; the current signal is extracted to analyze the relationship between the changes and it is concluded that the amplitude of the third harmonic (150 Hz) of the current increases with the increase of the number of inter-turn short circuit of the A-phase stator. The result can provide the basis for early stage fault diagnosis of the inter turn short circuit.
Development of two-phase interleaved synchronous rectification DC-DC for commercial vehicle engine ECU
Authors: Mei J W , Liu J , Luo T , Wei H B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The commercial vehicle diesel engine ECU and the electronically controlled common rail system power supply developed in this paper adopt the two-phase BUCK converter as the main loop. Considering the problems of large current fluctuation, high continuum diode loss and possible non-uniform current in parallel connection of traditional BUCK converter, a control strategy of two-phase staggered parallel synchronous rectifier BUCK converter is proposed. The relationship between current fluctuation and inductance, switching frequency and duty cycle of different operating modes is theoretically analyzed, and the current fluctuation of traditional BUCK converter is compared. The prototype test results show that the converter structure and control strategy effectively reduce the output current fluctuation and improve the system power density.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Electricity Market Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Evidential Reasoning Methods
Authors: Jing Z X , Shi J H , Luo Z Y , Chen D P , Chen Z Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Based on the analysis of the current domestic and international methods of power market evaluation, this paper combines the actual situation of Guangdong power market to construct an evaluation index system suitable for Guangdong power market, and proposes a comprehensive evaluation method model of electricity market based on analytic hierarchy process and evidence reasoning method. The model uses the fuzzy method to evaluate the confidence of each index, the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weight of each index, and the evidence reasoning method to integrate the indexes to obtain the comprehensive evaluation results. The example analysis uses this method to evaluate the fairness of the monthly competitive market in Guangdong in the second half of 2018, and verifies the applicability of the evaluation method model.
State evaluation of relay protection system for state maintenance
Authors: Wang J F , Yang P W , Chen X L , Ren Z , Wang X Y , Lu J Q 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Relay protection is the first line of defense for power systems. Its reliable operation is an important guarantee for the safety and stability of power system. At present, Chinese relay protection system has long been implemented with regular planned maintenance and repaired supplemented by after-accident maintenance. This maintenance system has greatly caused the loss and waste of manpower, material resources and financial resources. It is urgently necessary to adopt a reasonable maintenance strategy based on the actual operating state of relay protection. The state maintenance of the relay protection system can formulate the maintenance strategy based on the actual operating state of the relay protection system, which can effectively improve the reliability of the relay protection system. Therefore, this paper studies the state evaluation of the relay protection system for state maintenance. Develop maintenance strategy based on the evaluation results of the current operating state of the protection system. It is of great significance to strengthen the reliability and operation level of the relay protection system and ensure the safe operation of the power grid.
Analysis and Research on 500kV Bus Power Imbalance in Dispatching End UHV near Zone
Authors: Jiang H , Yuan M J , Li Q , Wang Z H , Liu H Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
As a result of long distance of UHV AC transmission power transmission and fluctuations of tie-line power, large fluctuations exist in UHV near zone 500kV trend line, which seriously affects the calculation and assessment of bus efficiency in smart grid. In order to enhance the quality of the station fundamental data, through the research on sending the remote measurement acquisition principle, we found that measurement accuracy and Telemetry sent out of sync are main reasons. Combining with the current technology situation, it describes the basic ideas and implementation process of the two schemes, and points out the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme at the same time. For the traditional substation, it puts forward the Bay Control Unit (BCU) and Remote terminal units (RTU) reconstruction scheme based on GPS synchronization acquisition. BCU accepts GPS signal, sends the change telemetry data, RTU supports packing and sending important telemetry data under normal circumstances. When the BCU is abnormal or the synchronization is abnormal, RTU No packaging, only sends change telemetry data. So, important telemetry is fully synchronized under normal conditions, while data from abnormal BCU can also be effectively reflected in the SCADA. For new generation of smart substation, it raises a synchronous acquisition implementation based on Cluster Bay Control Unit (CBCU), the CBCU accept all SV message from the same bus, which can ensure bus power calculations and sent at the same time regardless of change trigger mode. Finally, it takes the UHV substation as a simulation model, the 500kV bus telemetry values as the basic data, finishes the bus imbalance simulation to verify the effectiveness of the scheme.
Identification and characterisation of two high-affinity glucose transporters from the spoilage yeastBrettanomyces bruxellensis
Authors: Tiukova Ievgeniia A , Møller-Hansen Iben , Belew Zeinu M , Darbani Behrooz , Boles Eckhard , Nour-Eldin Hussam H , Linder Tomas , Nielsen Jens , Borodina Irina 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe yeast Brettanomyces bruxellensis (syn. Dekkera bruxellensis) is an emerging and undesirable contaminant in industrial low-sugar ethanol fermentations that employ the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. High-affinity glucose import in B. bruxellensis has been proposed to be the mechanism by which this yeast can outcompete S. cerevisiae. The present study describes the characterization of two B. bruxellensis genes (BHT1 and BHT3) believed to encode putative high-affinity glucose transporters. In vitro-generated transcripts of both genes as well as the S. cerevisiae HXT7 high-affinity glucose transporter were injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes and subsequent glucose uptake rates were assayed using 14C-labelled glucose. At 0.1 mM glucose, Bht1p was shown to transport glucose five times faster than Hxt7p. pH affected the rate of glucose transport by Bht1p and Bht3p, indicating an active glucose transport mechanism that involves proton symport. These results suggest a possible role for BHT1 and BHT3 in the competitive ability of B. bruxellensis.
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors in colorectal cancer: what is the future beyond deficient mismatch-repair tumours?
Authors: Huyghe Nicolas , Baldin Paméla , Van den Eynde Marc 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFollowing initial success in melanoma and lung tumours, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are now well recognized as a major immunotherapy treatment modality for multiple types of solid cancers. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the small subset that is mismatch-repair-deficient and microsatellite-instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) derive benefit from immunotherapy; however, the vast majority of patients with proficient MMR (pMMR) or with microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC do not. Immunoscore and the consensus molecular subtype classifications are promising biomarkers in predicting therapeutic efficacy in selected CRC. In pMRR/MSS CRC, biomarkers are also needed to understand the molecular mechanisms governing immune reactivity and to predict their relationship to treatment. The continuous development of such biomarkers would offer new perspectives and more personalized treatments by targeting oncological options, including ICIs, which modify the tumour-immune microenvironment. In this review, we focus on CRC and discuss the current status of ICIs, the role of biomarkers to predict response to immunotherapy, and the approaches being explored to render pMMR/MSS CRC more immunogenic through the use of combined therapies.
There is no best method for constructing size-transition matrices for size-structured stock assessments
Authors: Cronin-Fine Lee , Punt André E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Stock assessment methods for many invertebrate stocks, including crab stocks in the Bering Sea of Alaska, rely on size-structured population dynamics models. A key component of these models is the size-transition matrix, which specifies the probability of growing from one size-class to another after a certain period of time. Size-transition matrices can be defined using three parameters, the growth rate (k), asymptotic size (L∞), and variability in the size increment. Most assessments use mark-recapture data to estimate these parameters and assume that all individuals follow the same growth curve, but this can lead to biased estimates of growth parameters. We compared three approaches: the traditional approach, the platoon method, and a numerical integration method that allows k, L∞, or both to vary among individuals, under a variety of scenarios using simulated data based on golden king crabs (Lithodes aequispinus) in the Aleutian Islands region of Alaska. No estimation method performed best for all scenarios. The number of size-classes in the size-transition matrix and how the data are generated heavily dictate performance. However, we recommend the numerical integration method that allows L∞ to vary among individuals and smaller size-class widths.
Determination of Specific Absorbance (A¦) for Six Psychoactive Drugs Encountered in Forensic Toxicology
Authors: Tran Cat-Van , Vargas Jay R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Specific absorbance (A¦) is defined as the maximum absorbance of a 1% solution over a 1-cm path length measured via spectroscopy. Finding a reliable value for specific absorbance for a drug provides an important tool for the quantitative verification of concentration of analytical standards. Although many new drugs have emerged within the last ten years, many either do not have a reliable value for A¦, or a value simply has never been published. This work focused on determining the quantitative value of the specific absorbance of six psychoactive drugs using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, as well as comparing A¦ values of drugs purchased in 2017 to A¦ of their counterparts purchased in 2019. The drugs analyzed included Iloperidone, Risperidone, Aripiprazole, Vilazodone, Vortioxetine and Suvorexant.
The effect of non-fiscal clauses in Host Government Instruments on the Fair Market Value of upstream opportunities
Authors: Moore Christopher Robertson Kinley , Moyes Christopher Peter , Patterson Paul Dee 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We identify nine categories of clauses in Host Government Instruments (HGIs, ie licences, concessions, production sharing contracts (PSCs), etc.) that potentially affect the Fair Market Value of petroleum exploration and production rights, in addition to the clauses quantifying the fiscal terms. The categories comprise state participation, performance bonds and penalties for failing to perform minimum work programmes, local content, decommissioning, natural gas terms, stabilization, assignment and change of control, renewals and extensions and governance issues. For each category, we review and summarize global practice in the top 50 oil-producing countries. We quantify our analysis using statistics from a data set of 55 representative HGIs, including contemporary alternative types for five countries. The age of each HGI used varies, guided by the history of oil production in each country. Texts are available for 53 HGIs and published summaries are available for the other two. The discussion provides a checklist for use in negotiating new HGIs or performing due diligence for transactions involving existing HGIs. Our choice of representative HGIs and our characterizations of some clauses are both in part subjective. Nevertheless, we suggest the statistics provide a useful guide to trends in global practice.
Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton accretion by binary stars
Authors: Comerford T A F , Izzard R G , Booth R A , Rosotti G 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Binary stars often move through an ambient medium from which they accrete material and angular momentum, as in triple-star systems, star-forming clouds, young globular clusters, and in the centres of galaxies. A binary form of Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton accretion results whereby the accretion rate depends on the binary properties: the stellar masses and separation, and the relative wind speed. We present the results of simulations performed with the hydrodynamic code gandalf, to determine the mass accretion rates over a range of binary separations, inclinations, and mass ratios. When the binary separation is short, the binary system accretes like a single star, while accretion on to stars in wide binaries is barely affected by their companion. We investigate intermediate-separation systems in some detail, finding that as the binary separation is increased, accretion rates smoothly decrease from the rate equal to that of a single star to the rate expected from two isolated stars. The form of this decrease depends on the relative centre-of-mass velocity of the binary and the gas, with faster-moving binaries showing a shallower decrease. Accretion rates vary little with orbital inclination, except when the orbit is side-on and the stars pass through each others’ wakes. The specific angular momentum accretion rate also depends on the inclination but is never sufficient to prevent the binary orbit from contracting. Our results may be applied to accretion on to protostars, pollution of stars in globular and nuclear clusters, and wind mass transfer in multiple stellar systems.
To use or not to use synthetic stellar spectra in population synthesis models?
Authors: Coelho Paula R T , Bruzual Gustavo , Charlot Stéphane 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Stellar population synthesis (SPS) models are invaluable to study star clusters and galaxies. They provide means to extract stellar masses, stellar ages, star formation histories, chemical enrichment, and dust content of galaxies from their integrated spectral energy distributions, colours, or spectra. As most models, they contain uncertainties that can hamper our ability to model and interpret observed spectra. This work aims at studying a specific source of model uncertainty: the choice of an empirical versus a synthetic stellar spectral library. Empirical libraries suffer from limited coverage of parameter space, while synthetic libraries suffer from modelling inaccuracies. Given our current inability to have both ideal stellar-parameter coverage with ideal stellar spectra, what should one favour: better coverage of the parameters (synthetic library) or better spectra on a star-by-star basis (empirical library)? To study this question, we build a synthetic stellar library mimicking the coverage of an empirical library, and SPS models with different choices of stellar library tailored to these investigations. Through the comparison of model predictions and the spectral fitting of a sample of nearby galaxies, we learned that predicted colours are more affected by the coverage effect than the choice of a synthetic versus empirical library; the effects on predicted spectral indices are multiple and defy simple conclusions; derived galaxy ages are virtually unaffected by the choice of the library, but are underestimated when SPS models with limited parameter coverage are used; metallicities are robust against limited HRD coverage, but are underestimated when using synthetic libraries.
Self-Care Practices of Self-Identified Social Workers: Findings from a National Study
Authors: Miller Jay J , Grise-Owens Erlene , Owens Larry , Shalash Nada , Bode Molly 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Self-care can be an important tool in assuaging professional burnout, workplace stress, vicarious or secondary trauma, and other deleterious employment circumstances. Despite this importance, few studies have examined self-care among social work practitioners. This exploratory study examined the self-care practices of self-identified social workers (N = 2,934) throughout the United States. Primary data were collected with an electronic survey. Data indicate that social workers in the sample engage in moderate self-care practices. Analyses revealed group differences in self-care by several variables including geographic locale of participants’ primary place of employment, race, educational level, and social work licensing status, among others. Significant predictors of self-care included perceived health status (self-report), education level, being a supervisor, and financial status. Overall, findings from this study indicate the need for a systemic response to improving self-care practices among social workers.
Sexual Dysfunction in the ‘Eden of Love’: Psychosocial Responses to Impotence in British First World War Veterans
Authors: Johnson Bethan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Contemporary estimates and more recent research into the correlation between military service and sexuality suggest that, among the millions of men returning to Great Britain following combat in the First World War, more than half a million had sustained physical or psychological injuries that would have rendered them sexually impotent. Many studies have addressed war disabilities, unstable masculinities, and changing sexual mores in the British interwar period; however, the impotent Great War veteran, the embodiment of all three of these phenomena, has remained on the fringes of historical analysis. This article recovers the subjective experiences of Great War veterans who were made impotent as a result of their combat service, using the written records many left behind. These testimonials reveal a strong negative affectivity and sense of isolation in impotent veterans due to their condition, despite its prevalence. The article uses works from popular science, literature, and film to demonstrate how the convergence of historic prejudice against impotent men and mounting pressures placed on sexual performance and the ability to reproduce induced this internal turmoil, an anxiety unique to impotent combat veterans. By exploring impotent veterans’ attempts to reconcile themselves to their condition, this article provides insights into the instability of masculinity, diversifies historical articulations of wartime disabilities, and complicates narratives about revolutionary sexual change in interwar British society.
Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: A Five and a Half Year Experience from a South African Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Engelbrecht Anton E , Wiesner Lubbe , Norman Jennifer , Rabie Helena , Decloedt Eric H 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionAntiretroviral therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is not routinely used in the management of human immunodeficiency virus, but may be useful in pediatric patients who are prone to altered pharmacokinetics. Data on the routine use of antiretroviral TDM in pediatrics are sparse especially data from sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the antiretroviral TDM indications at Tygerberg Children’s Hospital, identified pediatric patients who had antiretroviral TDM requests from January 2012 until June 2017 and reviewed their clinical records.ResultsFifty-nine patients were identified who presented with 64 clinical problems for which TDM was requested. TDM was requested for lopinavir, efavirenz and nevirapine in 83% (53/64), 14% (9/64) and 3% (2/64) of clinical problems, respectively. Lopinavir was mostly requested in patients when adherence measures did not correlate with the clinical picture, suspected non-adherence, lopinavir–rifampicin interactions and for neonatal safety monitoring. Efavirenz was requested when toxicity was suspected and nevirapine in patients receiving rifampicin. Lopinavir TDM confirmed non-adherence in 25% (4/16) of cases when adherence measures did not correlate with the clinical picture and in 43% (3/7) of cases when non-adherence was suspected by the clinician. Efavirenz TDM confirmed toxicity in 100% (6/6) of patients.ConclusionsLopinavir TDM was mostly requested when adherence measures did not correlate with the clinical picture, when rifampicin was co-administered and for perinatal safety monitoring. Lopinavir TDM excluded pharmacokinetic reasons for failure in patients failing treatment when lopinavir dosing was supervised. Efavirenz TDM was requested for suspected toxicity with a 100% positive predictive value.