bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central opioid receptors mediate morphine-induced itch and chronic itch
Authors: Wang Zilong , Jiang Changyu , Yao Hongyu , Chen Ouyang , Rahman Sreya , Gu Yun , Huh Yul , Ji Ru-Rong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOpioids, such as morphine are mainstay treatments for clinical pain conditions. Itch is a common side effect of opioids, particularly as a result of epidural or intrathecal (i.t.) administration. Recent progress has advanced our understanding of itch circuits in the spinal cord. However, the mechanisms underlying opioid-induced itch are not fully understood, although an interaction between µ-opioid receptor (MOR) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in spinal GRPR-expressing neurons has been implicated. In this study we investigated the cellular mechanisms of intrathecal (i.t.) opioid-induced itch by conditional deletion of MOR-encodingOprm1in distinct populations of interneurons and sensory neurons. We found that i.t. injection of the MOR agonists morphine or DAMGO elicited dose-dependent scratching, but this pruritus was totally abolished in mice with a specificOprm1deletion in Vgat+neurons (Oprm1-Vgat). Loss of MOR in somatostatin+interneurons and TRPV1+sensory neurons did not affect morphine-induced itch but impaired morphine-induced antinociception.In situhybridization revealedOprm1expression in 30% of inhibitory and 20% of excitatory interneurons in the spinal dorsal horn. Whole-cell recordings from spinal cord slices showed that DAMGO induced outward currents in 9 out of 19 Vgat+interneurons examined. Morphine also inhibited action potentials in Vgat+interneurons and suppressed evoked IPSCs in postsynaptic Vgat-excitatory neurons, suggesting a mechanism of disinhibition by MOR agonists. Notably, morphine-elicited itch was suppressed by i.t. administration of NPY and abolished by spinal ablation of GRPR+neurons, whereas i.t. GRP-induced itch response remained intact in mice lackingOprm1-Vgat. Additionally, chronic itch from DNFB-induced allergic contact dermatitis was decreased byOprm1-Vgatdeletion. Finally, naloxone, but not peripherally restricted naloxone methiodide, inhibited chronic itch in the DNFB model and the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) model, indicating a contribution of central MOR signaling to chronic itch. Our findings demonstrate that i.t. morphine elicits itch via acting on MOR on spinal inhibitory interneurons, leading to disinhibition of the spinal itch circuit. Our data also suggest that chronic itch could be effectively treated with CNS-targeted naloxone.
Cascade Diversification Directs the Generation of Neuronal Diversity in Hypothalamus
Authors: Zhang Yu-Hong , Xu Mingrui , Li Si , Wu Haoda , Shi Xiang , Guo Xize , Mu Wenhui , Gong Ling , Yao Mingze , He Miao , Wu Qing-Feng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe hypothalamus contains an astounding heterogeneity of neurons to achieve its role in regulating endocrine, autonomic and behavioral functions. Despite previous progress in deciphering the gene regulatory programs linked to hypothalamus development, its molecular developmental trajectory and origin of neuronal diversity remain largely unknown. Here we combine transcriptomic profiling of 43,261 cells derived from Rax+hypothalamic neuroepithelium with lineage tracing to map a developmental landscape of mouse hypothalamus and delineate the developmental trajectory of radial glial cells (RGCs), intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs), nascent neurons and peptidergic neurons in the lineage hierarchy. We show that RGCs adopt a conserved strategy for multipotential differentiation but generate both Ascl1+and Neurog2+IPCs, which display regionally differential origins in telencephalon. As transit-amplifying cells, Ascl1+IPCs differ from their telencephalic counterpart by displaying fate bifurcation to produce both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. After classifying the developing neurons into 29 subtypes coded by diverse transcription factors, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, we identified their molecular determinants via regulon analysis and further found that postmitotic neurons at nascent state possess the potential to resolve into more diverse subtypes of peptidergic neurons. Together, our study offers a single-cell framework for hypothalamus development and reveals that multiple cell types along the order of lineage hierarchy contribute to the fate diversification of hypothalamic neurons in a stepwise fashion, suggesting that a cascade diversifying model can deconstruct the origin of neuronal diversity.
Multiple Wnts act synergistically to induce Chk1/Grapes expression and mediate G2 arrest in Drosophila tracheoblasts
Authors: Kizhedathu Amrutha , Kunnappallil Rose Sebastian , Bagul Archit V , Verma Puja , Guha Arjun 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTLarval tracheae of Drosophila harbor progenitors of the adult tracheal system (tracheoblasts). Thoracic tracheoblasts are arrested in the G2 phase of the cell cycle in an ATR (mei-41)-Checkpoint Kinase1 (grapes, Chk1) dependent manner prior to mitotic re-entry. Here we investigate developmental regulation of Chk1 activation. We report that Wnt signaling is high in tracheoblasts and is necessary for high levels of activated (phosphorylated) Chk1. We find that canonical Wnt signaling facilitates this by transcriptional upregulation of Chk1 expression in cells that have ATR kinase activity. Wnt signalling is dependent on four Wnts (Wg, Wnt5, 6,10) that are expressed at high levels in arrested tracheoblasts and downregulated at mitotic re-entry. Interestingly, none of the Wnts are dispensable and act synergistically to induce Chk1. Finally, we show that downregulation of Wnt signalling and Chk1 expression leads to mitotic re-entry and the concomitant upregulation of Dpp signalling, driving tracheoblast proliferation.
Modelling testing frequencies required for early detection of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on a university campus
Authors: Martin Natasha K , Schooley Robert T , De Gruttola Victor 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundEarly detection and risk mitigation efforts are essential for averting large outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2. Active surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 can aid in early detection of outbreaks, but the testing frequency required to identify an outbreak at its earliest stage is unknown. We assess what testing frequency is required to detect an outbreak before there are 10 detectable infections.MethodsA dynamic compartmental transmission model of SARS-CoV-2 was developed to simulate spread among a university community. After introducing a single infection into a fully susceptible population, we calculate the probability of detecting at least one case on each succeeding day with various NAT testing frequencies (daily testing achieving 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the population tested per month) assuming an 85% test sensitivity. A proportion of infected individuals (varied from 1–60%) are assumed to present to health services (HS) for symptomatic testing. We ascertain the expected number of detectable infections in the community when there is a > 90% probability of detecting at least 1 case. Sensitivity analyses examine impact of transmission rates (Rt = 0 = 2, 2.5,3), presentation to HS (1%/5%/30%/60%), and pre-existing immunity (0%/10%)ResultsAssuming an 85% test sensitivity, identifying an outbreak with 90% probability when the expected number of detectable infections is 9 or fewer requires NAT testing of 100% of the population per month; this result holds for all transmission rates and all levels of presentation at health services we considered. If 1% of infected people present at HS and Rt=0=3, testing 75%/50%/25% per month could identify an outbreak when the expected numbers of detectable infections are 12/17/30 respectively; these numbers decline to 9/11/12 if 30% of infected people present at HS. As proportion of infected individuals present at health services increases, the marginal impact of active surveillance is reduced. Higher transmission rates result in shorter time to detection but also rapidly escalating cases without intervention. Little differences were observed with 10% pre-existing immunity.ConclusionsWidespread testing of 100% of the campus population every month is required to detect an outbreak when there are fewer than 9 detectable infections for the scenarios examined, but high presentation of symptomatic people at HS can compensate in part for lower levels of testing. Early detection is necessary, but not sufficient, to curtail disease outbreaks; the proposed testing rates would need to be accompanied by case isolation, contact tracing, quarantine, and other risk mitigation and social distancing interventions.
Multicriteria decision-making in flight route selection
Authors: Rolka Leszek , Mieszkowicz-Rolka Alicja , Drupka Grzegorz 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to present a hybrid logical-arithmetic approach for selecting optimal flight routes. It can be used in the framework of free route airspace (FRA), which is aimed at achieving higher efficiency of air traffic management.

Design/methodology/approach
At the first stage, an initial subset of flight routes is selected that are promising alternatives with respect to single numerical criteria. At the second stage, a hybrid multicriteria decision model is constructed, consisting of numerical criteria and additional linguistic criteria. At the third stage, the numerical and linguistic criteria are integrated into a crisp decision matrix for determining the final ranking using the technique for order preferences by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method.

Findings
The considered decision-making problem involves different kinds of criteria. Numerical (objective) criteria are given as real numbers. Linguistic (subjective) criteria are expressed with the help of fuzzy linguistic values. In consequence, a (logical) reasoning process prior to performing an (arithmetic) optimization procedure is necessary. Furthermore, a uniform optimization procedure requires a way of combining numerical and linguistic attributes.

Practical implications
The proposed approach can be applied to solving various multicriteria decision-making problems, where both objective and subjective criteria are taken into account.

Originality/value
First, a fuzzy information system that includes linguistic condition attributes is constructed. Second, a fuzzy inference system that is necessary for determining the resulting fuzzy criterion “turbulence conditions” for all flight routes is introduced. Finally, a way of combining numerical and linguistic criteria is proposed. This is done by converting values of fuzzy attributes into crisp ones, basing on the preferences of a decision-maker.
Times are changing: the role of heritage identity on employee identification in a Danish family-owned company
Authors: Andersen Mona Agerholm 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe aim of this article is to explore how the employees of a Danish family-owned company identify with the heritage identity of their company. More specifically, the purpose is to study how the employees interpret certain historical events and values in their efforts to make sense of which heritage identity traits have remained meaningful for them over the passage of time and what these historical events and traits mean to their identification with the company.Design/methodology/approachThe investigation is based on 19 in-depth interviews with employees. A critical discourse analysis approach is adopted to uncover the discursive dynamics appearing across the employees' interpretations of historical events and values.FindingsThe study indicates that heritage identity represent a complex and dynamic resource for employees' organizational identification. Therefore, this article argues that it could be a challenge for management to maintain a stable and enduring heritage identity, because the employees' interpretations and consequently their organizational identification is subject to continual revision and under influence by a dynamic and constantly changing social context.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study is limited to the specific context of one company. Further research could investigate the same topics when interviewing employees across the national borders of a global family company in times of change.Practical implicationsManagement need to identify whether different generations of employees develop a strong or weak identification with certain heritage identity traits and whether there are competing or compatible targets of heritage identification among these generations.Originality/valueThis study illuminates the potential challenges related to the maintenance and preservation of heritage identity in a company with roots to a strong founding family, which operates in a constantly changing environment.
Structure optimization of plough blades in a ploughshare mixer using the DEM simulations
Authors: Fang Ziqiang , Peng Songlin , Yi Jiangang , Du Jun 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to optimize the structure of plough blades in a ploughshare mixer using the discrete element method (DEM) simulations.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the validated DEM model, three numerical tests are conducted to determine how the mixing performance evolves as structural parameters of blades change. Results from the analysis provide basis for structure optimization of blades. The structural parameters include sweep angle of blade γ, regular axial pitch p and regular circumferential angular offset α. The parameters to evaluate mixing performance include mass flow rate and Lacey index.

Findings
The DEM results show that the mixing performance at γ of 35° is better than 15°, 25° and 45°. The mixer which has a p of less than or equal to 1.11 · b is more efficient than the mixer which has a p greater than 1.11 · b, where b is tail width of blade. The circumferential symmetric distribution of blades (α = 180°) is more beneficial to improve the mixing performance in comparison with the circumferential asymmetric distribution (α < 180°). Based on the results, an optimized mixer with a γ of 35°, a p of 0.61 · b and an α of 180° is proposed, which has a better mixing performance compared to all mixers listed.

Originality/value
The structural parameters of blades, including γ, p and α, are found to be critical for good mixing. From the view angle of structure optimization of plough blades, a new ploughshare mixer with a γ of 35°, a p of 0.61 · b and an α of 180° is investigated and recommended for improving mixing efficiency.
Employee adaptive and proactive service recovery: a configurational perspective
Authors: Silva Graca Miranda , Coelho Filipe , Lages Cristiana R. , Reis Marta 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the configurations that drive employee service recovery. Rather than analyzing the net effects of individual antecedents of service recovery, which is the common approach in the literature, this study uses a configurational approach to investigate how five antecedents (customer service orientation, rewards, teamwork, empowerment and customer service training) combine to yield employee adaptive and proactive service recovery behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThe study collects responses from 90 frontline employees through an online survey. Building on configurational theory, the authors developed and empirically validated four research propositions by using a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis.FindingsThree equifinal configurations of managerial practices result in either employee proactive or adaptive service recovery behaviors. Two of these three configurations result in both adaptive and proactive behaviors. In addition, the findings show that two out of the three configurations that lead to proactive behavior in service recovery also lead to the simultaneous existence of proactive and adaptive behaviors in service recovery. None of the sufficient configurations require the presence of all managerial practices. These results underscore that managers do not have to act on every single managerial intervention area to promote service recovery.Research limitations/implicationsThe study advances the knowledge on the antecedents of employee behavior in service recovery by investigating how these antecedents combine to yield different recipes for developing either employee adaptive or proactive behavior in service recovery.Practical implicationsThe findings provide insights for managers into the different combinations of practices that can be used to develop employee proactive or adaptive behavior in service recovery.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that relies on a configurational approach to understand the combinations of managerial practices that result in employee proactive and adaptive behaviors in service recovery.
Knowledge management practices in Nepalese Judiciary: a case of supreme court of Nepal
Authors: Paudel Krishna Prasad 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the practices of knowledge management (KM) by the Justices and bench officers of Judiciary of Nepal. The aim of this study is to explore the KM practices by the Justices and bench officers of the Supreme Court of Nepal during the process of the decision-making process and Judgmental preparing process.

Design/methodology/approach
The qualitative design and case study method was applied to this research. The information were collected from the Justices and bench officers of the Supreme Court of Nepal by using an interview of the participants.

Findings
It was essential to establish the KM in judiciary in the process of case hearing, decision-making and execution process. The KM tool and techniques help to make the employee of judiciary including justices to make a decision faster. It also establishes the values of the KM in judiciary from Judicial and administrative perspectives.

Research limitations/implications
The study anticipated the participants’ perceptions and practices of KM during the process of case hearing, decision-making and decision execution process of the case. This research was not viewed from the perspectives of judicial administration. The research participants of this study were Justices and bench officers of the Supreme Court of Nepal. So, it reflects the scenario of practices of Supreme court of Nepal.

Practical implications
This paper provides support for the importance of KM practices and awareness in judiciary to enhance the decision-making process during the case hearing process by the Justices in court.

Originality/value
This paper tries to establish practical implication along with its importance in Judiciary of Nepal.
Service environment research opportunities
Authors: Baker Julie , Bentley Kara , Lamb, Jr Charles 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the evolution of the service environment literature and speculates about future research in this area. This paper focuses on studies regarding how the interior and exterior environments of physical service settings (including retail stores) influence consumer response. Web atmospherics are not covered in this paper. In addition, while a number of studies have been conducted on retail and service atmospherics elements in other disciplines, such as environmental psychology and leisure and hospitality, the focus is on research published in marketing and consumer-related journals.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reports the results of empirical studies; however, as there are few empirical studies on the effects of exterior environmental characteristics (e.g. storefronts) in marketing, two conceptual papers on this topic will be reviewed to set the stage for future research on exterior design.

Findings
Over the past 40 years, there has been a proliferation of articles on how service environments influence consumer responses. The review covers illustrative examples of articles in several categories of environmental topics. The areas for future research based on the review are suggested.

Originality/value
An up-to-date review of service environment research that is broad in scope is provided. The authors also propose 41 different research questions based on the review that services scholars can use to take this area of inquiry forward.
The reliability of citizen science in plan formulation: evidence from Askar, the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: El-Kholei Ahmed O. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address the following questions: To what extent is residents’ perception of the state of their environment consistent with findings based on samples from the field? Are the locals aware of the drivers and pressures that led to the present state of the environment? Are they aware of the impacts? If so, are they able to recommend responses?

Design/methodology/approach
To examine the extent to depend on citizens’ opinion in decision-making, the researcher juxtaposed results from data gathered and analysed from the field assessing the quality of the marine environment, coastal zone and levels of both noise and air pollution. The researcher collected datum from focus group meetings, questionnaire and review of newspapers and magazines. The researcher used Qualitative Data Analysis QDA software to analyse qualitative data.

Findings
The results of the survey and the focus group meetings indicated that the citizens’ perceptions are, to some extent, in line with the results that the Arabian Gulf University (AGU) team concluded from the field survey. Citizens do not feel the urgency of conserving water because the government has been meeting growing demand by increasing the supply of water. The participants identified drivers and pressures that led to the present state of the environment. They were not able to differentiate between the state of the environment and the impacts of environmental degradation.

Originality/value
Citizens’ opinion is a valuable tool as an input at the various stages of plan formulation. Citizens’ views can bring an issue to experts’ attention and shed light on the qualitative aspect, such as meaning or value, that the quantitative data fail to reveal. However, the planning process must not depend entirely on citizen’s views. Experts must combine citizens’ opinions with scientific facts that result from in situ monitoring and laboratory analysis.