bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of blood flow patent and cross-sectional area on hemodynamic into patient-specific cerebral aneurysm via fluid-structure interaction method: A review
Authors: Najihah Mohd Nazri Nurul , Uzair Matalif Muhammad , Azrul Hisham Mohd Adib Mohd 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation is carried out to investigate the blood flow analysis in different patient-specific cerebral aneurysms. In this study, we reviewed the studies done on the numerical simulation of blood flow in patient-specific aneurysm by using FSI analysis methods. Based on these studies, the wall shear stress (WSS) plays an important role in the development, growth, and rupture of the cerebral aneurysm. Prediction of the hemodynamic forces near the aneurysmal site helps to understand the formation and rupture of the aneurysms better. Then most of the aneurysms studied are located in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). In the existing considered, many researchers are more familiar with the experimental method in studies of blood flow through cerebral aneurysm compared to the numerical method. Nevertheless, numerical simulation of patient-specific cerebral aneurysms can give a better understanding and clear visualization of WSS distribution and fluid flow pattern in the aneurysm region.
Simulation analysis of different bone scaffold porous structures for fused deposition modelling fabrication process
Authors: Tang M S , Abdul Kadir A Z , Ngadiman N H A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Porous structure of bone scaffold plays an important role in tissue engineering applications. The nature of scaffold structure such as porosity, porous structure, pore size and pore interconnectivity can strongly affect the mechanical strength and transportation of nutrients throughout the scaffold in human body. Due to the complexity of internal scaffold structure, Additive Manufacturing (AM) system of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is a promising technology to fabricate scaffold with desired design and properties. In this study, mechanical properties of different Polylactic acid (PLA) porous scaffold porous scaffold designs such as circle and square with pore sizes range 1 mm to 2 mm at targeted porosity of up to 80% were explored. Combination of different shape designs and pore sizes were simulated using ABAQUS. The compressive modulus outcomes of the PLA porous structure for circle and square were in the range of 1.0 to 1.2GPa respectively. Circle porous structure showed better performance, while square porous structure contains sharp edges which produce high concentration stress and resulting to lower elastic modulus. The stiffness increases in combination of different pore sizes which leads to higher Young’s Modulus. It should be noted that, the benefits of this simulation analysis may perform preliminary prediction of bone scaffold Young’s Modulus before further experimental processes and biological cell proliferation activities. As a conclusion, determination of an ideal scaffold through design and simulation analysis may assist the fabrication of bone scaffold through FDM at enhanced material properties.
A web-based ergonomics assessment system for prioritizing critical work-related musculoskeletal disorders risk factor
Authors: Abdul Aziz Fazilah , Ghazalli Zakri , Mohd Zuki Mohamed Nik 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) is one of critical health disease, and large numbers of industry workers are not even aware they have it due to a lack of ergonomics knowledge. This paper seeks to describe the development of a web-based ergonomics assessment system (W-BEAS) for risk factors that lead to WMSD growth. There are four main ergonomics risk factors, and 26 sub-factors have selected based on literature review, discussions with experts and questionnaire survey among automotive production workers. These factors employed in the analytic hierarchy structure (AHP) model for analysis purpose. The integration of AHP and the web-based expert system (WBES) were developed to support the W-BEAS. W-BEAS had pre-tested and evaluated by ten experienced workers of an automotive component manufacturer. The inconsistency ratio for all comparison module ranged from 0 to 0.045, shows that the judgment is consistent because of value less than 0.1. Respondents considered organizational risk factor (OF=0.544) is the most critical to lead the WMSD growth. The respondents achieve an average of 3.95 for both content satisfaction and system satisfaction. Respondents were satisfied with WBEAS content and system performance. The preliminary results confirmed that the W-BEAS effectively helped workers to identify the critical ergonomics risk factors. The existence of the W-BEAS application that has designed is expected to be an ergonomics assessment tool to guide workers in decision-making, and provide the best solution that meets employer needs, so WMSD critical risk resolved effectively and efficiently.
A study on the enforcement strategy for safety and health compliance in manufacturing sector in Malaysia
Authors: Hassan Ramli , Rasdan Ismail Ahmad , Kamilah Makhtar Nor 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Safety and health aspect should always be part of manufacturing system so that every stage of the manufacturing process and activities will expose no risk to more than a millions workers involved in this sector. In Malaysia, manufacturing sector is under the jurisdiction of Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA) and Factory and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA) which are enforced by the Department of Occupational and Health (DOSH). The objective of the study is to study the enforcement strategy carried out by DOSH officers whether it is persuasive, punitive or combination of both. Persuasion and punishment refer to the type of action taken by the enforcement officers against the errand employers. Making remarks in a log book, giving out directive letters and issuing notices (Notice of Prohibition, NOI and Notice of Improvement, NOP) are considered persuasive whilst opening an investigation paper (IP) for the purpose of offering compound and bringing the matter to court are considered punitive. The study depends on DOSH’s statistic i.e. OSH enforcement activities and action taken by its officers against errand employers during enforcement activities. The statistic shows that DOSH use both persuasion and punishment strategies during occupational safety and health (OSH) enforcement activities, but the use of persuasion is too glaring i.e. as much as 98.5% from the total number of actions taken against errand employers.
Optimisation of the lateral buckling strength of corrugated composite material plate by neural networks method
Authors: Al-Khafaji Hussein M H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Enhancing the buckling strength of laminated composite materials can be achieved in numerous ways. One method involves corrugating the laminated composite material in one direction. Corrugation provides good buckling strength in the direction perpendicular to the corrugation but a low buckling strength in the same direction as the corrugation. This investigation used composite materials strips implanted in the direction of the laminate’s corrugation to modify the ability to buckle without excessive weight on the laminate. Finite elements were applied to analyse the problem. In addition, to overcome the extensive computational requirements, a neural network (NN) system was utilised to model the study case and then optimise the structure. The NN was trained by the results of the finite elements. The parameters examined and their effects on buckling strength include the number of strips, number of layers of strips and dimension of strips. Results confirmed that the technique of strengthening the laminate using strips in the direction of corrugation waves is beneficial for increasing the critical buckling load. Specifically, the optimisation result presented an increase of 52 times in the buckling load strength versus approximately twice the increase in the mass of the plate. Using the NN to simulate and optimise the structure is a powerful approach that consumes less time than employing the finite element method.
Evaluation of high-temperature tribological behavior of Chromium coating using LRT
Authors: Chaudhary S , Singh R C , Chaudhary R , Sonia  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Chromium coating on the tribological performance of the tribopair. The tribological investigation was carried out for different temperature, load and frequency and coefficient of friction and specific wear rate was calculated. The experiments were performed at 3 different levels of loads (10, 20, 30 N), frequency (24, 30, 36 Strokes/sec) and Temperature (40, 80, 120 °C) using a linear reciprocating tribometer. The L9 orthogonal array as per the Taguchi technique was used to analyze the effect of various input parameters and specific wear rate (SWR) and coefficient of friction (COF) were taken as output parameters. The coated surface showed better tribological behavior as compared to cast iron. The temperature had maximum influence on the tribological behavior followed by load and frequency.
Degradation and stability of polymer: A mini review
Authors: Sazali N , Ibrahim H , Jamaludin A S , Mohamed M A , Salleh W N W , Abidin M N Z 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Observations of alterations in the structural and chemical properties have been commonly performed to understand the process by which polymers degrade. The validity of each observational procedure depends primarily on the test material and type of degradation. An appropriate method for the characterization of polymers can often be utilized to examine the properties of degradation. The service life of a polymer depends strongly on the conditions to which the material is subjected. On the other hand, the stability of the material, including nanocomposite polymer blends, often dictates its usefulness. Thus, this review was aimed to evaluate the degradation of nanocomposite polymer blends, with specific focus on the role of the fillers and the composition of the blends. The factors that could significantly affect the degradation of the same were the presence of a filler, as well as the morphology and composition of the blends.
Flextural properties of 3D printed Copper-Filler Polylactic Acid (Cu-PLA)
Authors: Kesavarma S , Lee E H , Samykano M , Kadirgama K , Rahman M M , Sofiah A G N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technology is among the lowest cost 3D printing technology for processing thermoplastic and composite materials. FDM has been highly used in additive manufacturing due to its ability to process complex parts with accurate dimension and lowest cost possible. FDM technology has limited working temperature; hence the materials used in FDM such as polylactic acid (PLA) have a relatively low melting temperature. The drawback of these thermoplastic printed through FDM is the lack of mechanical strength and properties such as thermal and electrical conductivity to print functional part. These problems have led to the development of new composite filament for FDM technique. In this research, polymer-matrix composite (PMC) with 25 wt.% and 80 wt.% of copper reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) specimens have been printed with different infill patterns (Rectilinear, Grid, Concentric, Octagram-spiral, and Honeycomb) to study its flexural properties. The flexural test was carried out according to ASTM D790. This study found that there is a significant effect of the two parameters towards flexural properties. From the flexural test, the preliminary result of flexural strength and flexural modulus were obtained. The flexural strength is 25.98 MPa achieved by the 25 wt.% Cu composition specimens with Concentric infill pattern. The flexural modulus is 0.3306 GPa achieved by the 80 wt.% Cu composition specimens with Concentric infill pattern.
Optimization design of the in-place-machining tool beam for FRPs bonded repair
Authors: Zhang Nan , Liu Modi , Mu Song , Su Youliang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Inward-bonded Patch technology is a common method for repairing defects and damage of (Fiber Reinforce Plastics) FRP parts. In the project, there is an urgent need for an in-situ machining machine with a concave step structure in the method. Such thin-walled, weakly rigid parts are easily deformed under pressure. Therefore, the machine beam is lightly designed to reduce the influence of compression deformation on the machining quality. In this paper, the annular (basalt fiber polymer composite) BFPC beam of a certain type of in-situ machining machine prototype is taken as the research object. Firstly, based on the analysis of the prototype working conditions, the comprehensive performance index of the beam is clarified. Using the topology optimization technology, the beam topology of the optimal topology is obtained. Finally, the establishment is established. The multi-objective optimization function with regular structural parameters as variables and minimum beam quality and deformation as the target has obtained the optimal topology and optimal performance of the beam structure.
Spark ignition engine performance analysis of liquefied petroleum gas
Authors: Sabariah binti Muhammad Siti , Abu Bakar Rosli bin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consists of propane, propylene, butane and butylene. Currently propane is used as an alternative fuel to gasoline gas for internal combustion engine in vehicles. This is because the targets to achieve near zero emissions from ICE. But, there are the biggest challenges about the reduction of emissions of refining performance and fuel consumption. Thus, the analysis of engine performance of LPG in SI engine has been done. The purpose of this research paper is to analyse the engine performance of SI engine using LPG fuel instead of gasoline fuel by doing a simulation. This paper is based on the zero dimensional models with the single zone model approach. In order to develop a mathematical model, multiple heat transfer equations have been researched. In calculation performed at different engine speeds have been selected for each fuel to make comparisons from engine performance view. The simulation results will show the difference between the engine performance between gasoline and LPG such as brake power, brake torque and indicated specific fuel consumption. In conclusion, by doing a simulation analysis other parameters can be analysed and cut the costs.
Performance assessment of direct injection compressed natural gas vehicle at different injection pressures using speed-sweep test method
Authors: Rahim M F A , Jaafar A A , Mamat R , Taha Z , Alias M H R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study on a high-pressure direct injection compressed natural gas engine (HPDI-CNG) vehicle using speed-sweep test method. The objective of this work is to assess the performances of the HPDI-CNG after installation of a new DI configuration on the engine. The gas direct injectors which were converted from gasoline direct injection (GDI) unit injector are side-positioned on an inline 4-cylinder 4 stroke CAMPRO 1.6 engine with minimal cylinder head modification. The original electronic control unit was replaced with a programmable HALTEC controller and the engine was set to operate in bi-fuel mode. The HPDI-CNG vehicle prototype is tested on chassis dynamometer by using speed-sweep test procedure. The tests were carried out in vehicle simulation mode for acceleration from 20 mph to 40 mph based on the ramp input from idle-speed to wide-open throttle opening. The responses of the engine were recorded as transient output data. The HPDI-CNG engine output produced lower performances compared to the same engine with gasoline port injection. This is demonstrated by the maximum engine speed, brake torque and brake power which are recorded to be 2800 rpm, 63 Nm, and 17 kW respectively. It can be concluded that the use of side-positioned direct injector of HPDI-CNG system is unable to increase engine performance if compared to a gasoline port gasoline engine. Moreover, the use of throat- geometry has resulted in a lower performance of HPDI-CNG engine compared to a standard CNG-DI engine. The main factor which affected the HPDI-CNG engine is the ability of the system to deliver sufficient fuel mass at the correct amount and timing as well as the insufficiencies of the air supplies to oxidize the fuel completely.
3D cable-based parallel robot simulation using PD control
Authors: Inel F , Noor M M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we present a simulator that has been developed using PD control to study 3D cable-based parallel robot with four cables. The proposed control technique is widely used for dealing with linear systems uncertainties, in this context; we investigated to use the Runge Kutta method of 4th order for solving non-linear partial differential equations of our system. The main contribution of this work is firstly: modelling of differential equations of our system. Secondly, the PD control applied to the dynamic model for different trajectories in order to test the accurate tracking of the robot to a desired trajectory. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is improving the robot performance in terms of tracking a desired path.
A method for measuring tire characteristic using brake tester
Authors: Muthoriq Ery , Abidin Zainal , Hariyanto Arief , Bur Mulyadi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Slip characteristic of a tire is essential for controlling braking, traction, or stability of a vehicle. In this paper, we propose a new method to measure longitudinal slip characteristic using a developed plate brake tester. The slip is calculated based on the plate displacement instead of the angular speed of the wheel. An algorithm for modelling the relationship between friction force and slip was made using Julien’s Theory. The algorithm was verified through a simulation. With this method, the longitudinal slip characteristic of a tire can be obtained quickly. The brake tester developed in this research is potential to be used as indoor test equipment for simulating a tire in various road conditions.
The potential of wind velocity in the Banda Aceh coast to the ability to generate electrical energy by horizontal axis wind turbines
Authors: Syuhada A , Maulana M I , Syahriza  , Sani M S M , Mamat R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The wind is air that moves from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area. Indonesia has the potential of winds that have speeds ranging from 2 m/s to 6 m/s which blow for a period of 6 hours/day. Many researchers have examined what kinds of problems are in the context of wind turbine energy generation. This study discusses the effect of wind speed and variations in the number of turbine blades on the power generated by horizontal wind turbines to rotate generators, case studies on the coast of Banda Aceh. The windmill used is a horizontal turbine propeller type with 5, 6 and 7 blade variations and made from Meranti wood. Electricity data retrieval is done by pairing the generator, so that the data taken in this measurement is in the form of wind speed data (m/s), speed of rotation of the wheel shaft and generator shaft, and generator voltage (V) and electric current generated. Data collection is carried out for 6 days at 3-9 m/s wind speed. The results showed that for wind speeds below 5 m/s it is more ideal to use a small number of turbines and for wind speeds greater than 7 m/s it is better to use a turbine blade with a large number of blades.
Application case of digital twin technology in electric power system
Authors: Hu Chunsheng , Shi Wenbo , Jiang Lekai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The electric power system is an important part of the national economy. Substation, as a core element of the electric power system, has problems such as difficulties to supervise. This paper proposes the use of digital twin technology to solve the problem of regulatory difficulties. Firstly, the mathematical model of substation digital twin is established. Then the digital twin engine is designed based on the model, which realizes real-time orientation of the personnel through UWB location technology, realizes real-time monitoring of personnel, work, equipment operation, and work area through job management, realizes real-time monitoring of production data through equipment data mapping, realizes early warning and rapid emergency response through operation rules. At last, the prototype system is developed to verify the function. The experimental results show that the system can effectively improve the supervision capability of the substation. This solution can provide a useful reference for systems with similar needs.
Simulation and analysis of open raceway pond system at Manit, Bhopal
Authors: Arora Soni Ruma , Sudhakar K , Rana R S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Microalgae can become completely faster than terrestrial plants and are a successful feedstock for viable appreciation including items that envelop pharmaceuticals, neutraceuticals, proteins and most significantly biofuels. Since the biomass productivity of microalgae absolutely depends emphatically on the temperature of development, point-by-point data on the temperature of the reactor as a component of time and topographic area is essential to assess the sincere capability of microalgae as a traditional feedstock. Microalgae is indeed a promising source of renewable biofuels, and techno-financial upgrades can be made by improving and controlling the stage of biomass development. This research explores the improved performance of a first-standard green growth development display that encompasses the effect of regular (and such) notions of climate in an open system related to creation. Thus, the simulation of the procedure is stochastic just as basic; it helps restore the dissemination of outcomes from normal changeability that speak to the daily acknowledgement. It also communicates variety day-to-night in the vitality based on cycling sunlight. The simulation is then used to optimize the design of the pond and the manages (growth time, depth of the raceway, pH control, etc.) to enhance protability. Because the simulation is stochastic, nonlinear, and with different optima, an optimization method for multiplayer direct inquiry is used with relentless state assembly criteria. Conclusions are that (1) representing common variety in optimization prompts detectable protability improvement, (2) model impact investigation uncovers where key science exploration is expected to support basic techno-monetary wonders, and (3) the stochastic optimization approach is broadly relevant.
Investigation on the nonlinear dynamic response of a mass-spring system
Authors: Bahari A R , Yunus M A , Abdul Rani M N , Aziz Shah M A S , Wan Iskandar Mirza W I I , Peter C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamic response of a single-degree-of-freedom mass-spring system. The experimental modal analysis is carried out by three typical types of spectral testing which are burst random, sine testing and periodic chirp excitation to achieve the objective of this study. The experimental data from the burst random excitation is used to identify the natural frequency of the system. The nonlinear dynamic response of the system is detected by means of using the sine testing and periodic chirp excitation. However, from the sine testing, the results showed that the variations of the maximum peak of the vibration acceleration based on the different levels of excitation voltage that were applied to the input shaker. It was also found that the displacement values obtained from the periodic chirp excitation showed an inconsistent linear increment with the excitation level that applied to the mass-spring system.