bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ballistic Sedimentation of Impact Crater Ejecta: Implications for the Provenance of Lunar Samples and the Resurfacing Effect of Ejecta on the Lunar Surface
Authors: Xie Minggang , Liu Tiantian , Xu Aoao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA clear understanding of ballistic sedimentation is critical for interpreting the evolution of the lunar surface and the provenance of lunar samples. Quantitative models have been established to estimate the characteristics of ejecta deposits, such as the abundance of distantly sourced ejecta compared to the amount of excavated local materials. Here, we revise a previously established ballistic sedimentation model by considering the shielding effect of ejecta deposits on the emplacement process of later‐arriving ejecta. Our model shows that, due to the shielding effect, the ratio of excavated local materials to ejecta in continuous ejecta deposits increases significantly with increasing distance from the center of their parent crater. Model‐derived results imply that basin formation resurfaces regions within continuous ejecta deposits and proximal light plains but only partially resurfaces distal areas; thus, the partial resurfacing effect should be considered when dating units older than the youngest basin, Orientale, or units located close to large craters. Applying our model to the Apollo 16 landing site, we found that 10% of the Apollo 16 regolith may be of Orientale origin, which is almost the same as those of Imbrium (9%) and Serenitatis ejecta (10%). The most abundant basin ejecta in Apollo 16 regolith is from the Nectaris basin (23%). These results provide important constraints for interpreting the provenance of the Apollo 16 samples.
High Resolution Modeling of River‐Floodplain‐Reservoir Inundation Dynamics in the Mekong River Basin
Authors: Shin Sanghoon , Pokhrel Yadu , Yamazaki Dai , Huang Xiaodong , Torbick Nathan , Qi Jiaguo , Pattanakiat Sura , Ngo‐Duc Thanh , Nguyen Tuan Duc 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNumerous studies have examined the changes in streamflow in the Mekong River Basin (MRB) using observations and hydrological modeling; however, there is a lack of integrated modeling studies that explicitly simulate the natural and human‐induced changes in flood dynamics over the entire basin. Here we simulate the river‐floodplain‐reservoir inundation dynamics over the MRB for 1979–2016 period using a newly integrated, high‐resolution (~5 km) river hydrodynamics‐reservoir operation model. The framework is based on the river‐floodplain hydrodynamic model CaMa‐Flood in which a new reservoir operation scheme is incorporated by including 86 existing MRB dams. The simulated flood extent is downscaled to a higher resolution (~90 m) to investigate fine‐scale inundation dynamics, and results are validated with ground‐ and satellite‐based observations. It is found that the historical variations in surface water storage have been governed primarily by climate variability; the impacts of dams on river‐floodplain hydrodynamics were marginal until 2009. However, results indicate that the dam impacts increased noticeably in 2010 when the basin‐wide storage capacity doubled due to the construction of new mega dams. Further, results suggest that the future flood dynamics in the MRB would be considerably different than in the past even without climate change and additional dams. However, it is also found that the impacts of dams can largely vary depending on reservoir operation strategies. This study is expected to provide the basis for high‐resolution river‐floodplain‐reservoir modeling for a holistic assessment of the impacts of dams and climate change on the floodpulse‐dependent hydro‐ecological systems in the MRB and other global regions.
Suppression of Magnetic Reconnection at Saturn's Low‐Latitude Magnetopause
Authors: Fuselier S. A. , Petrinec S. M. , Sawyer R. P. , Mukherjee J. , Masters A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObservations from the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer/Electron Spectrometer (CAPS/ELS) are used in an in‐depth investigation of the occurrence and location of reconnection at Saturn's magnetopause. Heated, streaming electrons parallel and/or antiparallel to the magnetic field in the magnetosheath adjacent to the magnetopause indicate that reconnection is occurring somewhere on the boundary. In these instances, the Cassini spacecraft is connected to open magnetic field lines that thread the magnetopause boundary. A survey of 99 crossings with sufficient pitch angle coverage from CAPS/ELS indicates that 65% of the crossings had this evidence of reconnection. Specific crossings from this survey are used to demonstrate that there are times when reconnection at Saturn's low‐latitude magnetopause may be suppressed.
High-fidelity manipulation of a qubit enabled by a manufactured nucleus
Authors: Christensen Justin E. , Hucul David , Campbell Wesley C. , Hudson Eric R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe recently demonstrated trapping and laser cooling of 133Ba+ has opened the door to the use of this nearly ideal atom for quantum information processing. However, before high-fidelity qubit operations can be performed, a number of unknown state energies are needed. Here, we report measurements of the 2P3/2 and 2D5/2 hyperfine splittings, as well as the 2P3/2 ↔ 2S1/2 and 2P3/2 ↔ 2D5/2 transition frequencies. Using these transitions, we demonstrate high-fidelity 133Ba+ hyperfine qubit manipulation with electron shelving detection to benchmark qubit state preparation and measurement (SPAM). Using single-shot, threshold discrimination, we measure an average SPAM fidelity of $${\mathcal{F}}=0.99971(3)$$

F
=
0.99971

(

3

)

, a factor of ≈2 improvement over the best reported performance of any qubit.
Impact of river discharge seasonality change on tidal duration asymmetry in the Yangtze River Estuary
Authors: Yu Xiayan , Zhang Wei , Hoitink A. J. F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) is one of the world’s largest river-tidal systems with rapidly changing hydrology and morphology following the construction of multiple dams. The effects of dam construction may extend to the region close to the coast, where channel stability depends on the asymmetry of the tide. Here, we focus on the possible effects of changing discharge regimes on tidal asymmetry in the YRE. Specifically, we focus on the difference in duration between ebb and flood, quantified as tidal duration asymmetry, because it has strong implications for residual sediment transport and can be derived from available water level data. To cope with nonstationary tides under the influence of a time-varying river discharge, a nonstationary harmonic analysis tool (NS_TIDE) is applied to explore the spatiotemporal variations in tidal duration asymmetry, under the influence of different combinations of tidal constituents. Tidal duration asymmetry initially increases, then slightly decreases, in an upstream direction. It experiences significant seasonal variations in response to rapidly varying discharge: tides are more asymmetric upstream of Zhenjiang in the dry season and more asymmetric downstream in the wet season. The combined effects of discharge regulation and morphological changes cause seasonal alterations in tidal duration asymmetry. In the wet season, reduced river discharge caused by water storage and climate change enhance the asymmetry upstream (+11.74% at Wuhu, +7.19 at Nanjing) while the asymmetry is weakened downstream (−2.90% at Zhenjiang, −7.19 at Jiangyin) following the TGD’s operation. Downstream channel erosion caused by post-TGD lower sediment loads has become the dominant factor weakening tidal asymmetry in most parts of the YRE in the dry season. Understanding these evolutions of tidal duration asymmetry under the hydrological and morphological effects has important implications for the management of estuarine ecosystem and navigation.
Loss-of-function of the long non-coding RNA A830019P07Rik in mice does not affect insulin expression and secretion
Authors: Guay Claudiane , Abdulkarim Baroj , Tan Jennifer Y. , Dubuis Gilles , Rütti Sabine , Laybutt David Ross , Widmann Christian , Regazzi Romano , Marques Ana Claudia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to diverse cellular functions and the dysregulation of their expression or function can contribute to diseases, including diabetes. The contributions of lncRNAs to β-cell development, function and survival has been extensively studied in vitro. However, very little is currently known on the in vivo roles of lncRNAs in the regulation of glucose and insulin homeostasis. Here we investigated the impact of loss-of-function in mice of the lncRNA A830019P07Rik, hereafter P07Rik, which was previously reported to be associated with reduced plasma insulin levels. Compared with wild-type littermates, male and female P07Rik mutant mice did not show any defect in glycaemia and plasma insulin levels in both fed and fasted state. Furthermore, P07Rik mutant mice displayed similar glucose and insulin levels in response to an intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test. Ex vivo, islets from mutant P07Rik released similar amount of insulin in response to increased glucose concentration as wildtype littermates. In contrast with previous reports, our characterization of P07Rik mouse mutants revealed that loss of function of this lncRNA does not affect glucose and insulin homeostasis in mice.
Yoga-based lifestyle treatment and composite treatment goals in Type 2 Diabetes in a rural South Indian setup- a retrospective study
Authors: Arumugam Geetharani , Nagarathna Raghuram , Majumdar Vijaya , Singh Mandeep , Srinivasalu Rambabu , Sanjival Rajagopal , Ram Venkat S. , Nagendra Hongasandra Ramarao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis multicentre retrospective study examined the effects of adjunct yoga-treatment in achieving composite cardiovascular goals for type 2 diabetes (T2D), set forth by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) in rural Indian settings. Records were extracted for 146 T2D patients, aged ≥20–70 years, and treated under the “Apollo Total Health Programme” for rural diabetes management, for the period April 2016 to November 2016. The study cohort comprised of two treatment groups (n = 73 each); non-yoga group (standard of care) and yoga group (adjunct yoga-treatment). Propensity score matching was applied between the study groups to define the cohort. Composite cardiovascular scores were based on the combination of individual ADA goals; A1c < 7%, blood pressure (BP) < 140/90 mmHg, stringent BP (<130/80 mmHg) and lipid, LDL-C < 100 mg/dl [risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease]. Logistic regression was used to compare between the two treatment groups. Compared to standard of care, adjunct yoga-treatment was found to significantly facilitate the attainment of ADA composite score by 8-fold; A1c, ~2-fold; LDL-C, ~2-fold; BP < 140/90 mmHg and <130/80 mmHg by ~8-and ~6-fold respectively. This study provides the first evidence for significant efficacy of adjunct yoga-treatment for the attainment of favourable treatment goals for T2D in rural Indian settings. Clinical Trial Registration Number: CTRI/2020/02/0232790
Cold storage reveals distinct metabolic perturbations in processing and non-processing cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Datir Sagar S. , Yousf Saleem , Sharma Shilpy , Kochle Mohit , Ravikumar Ameeta , Chugh Jeetender 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCold-induced sweetening (CIS) causes considerable losses to the potato processing industry wherein the selection of potato genotypes using biochemical information has found to be advantageous. Here, 1H NMR spectroscopy was performed to identify metabolic perturbations from tubers of five potato cultivars (Atlantic, Frito Lay-1533, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Pukhraj, and PU1) differing in their CIS ability and processing characteristics at harvest and after cold storage (4 °C). Thirty-nine water-soluble metabolites were detected wherein significantly affected metabolites after cold storage were categorized into sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids, and organic acids. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated significant differences in the metabolic profiles among the potato cultivars. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids are the key players in CIS. Interestingly, one of the processing cultivars, FL-1533, exhibited a unique combination of metabolites represented by low levels of glucose, fructose, and asparagine accompanied by high citrate levels. Conversely, non-processing cultivars (Kufri Pukhraj and Kufri Jyoti) showed elevated glucose, fructose, and malate levels. Our results indicate that metabolites such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, asparagine, glutamine, citrate, malate, proline, 4-aminobutyrate can be potentially utilized for the prediction, selection, and development of potato cultivars for long-term storage, nutritional, as well as processing attributes.
Digitalization of the IOM: A comprehensive cadaveric study for obtaining three-dimensional models and morphological properties of the forearm’s interosseous membrane
Authors: Carrillo Fabio , Suter Simon , Casari Fabio A. , Sutter Reto , Nagy Ladislav , Snedeker Jess G. , Fürnstahl Philipp 
Published: April 2020

AbstractState-of-the-art of preoperative planning for forearm orthopaedic surgeries is currently limited to simple bone procedures. The increasing interest of clinicians for more comprehensive analysis of complex pathologies often requires dynamic models, able to include the soft tissue influence into the preoperative process. Previous studies have shown that the interosseous membrane (IOM) influences forearm motion and stability, but due to the lack of morphological and biomechanical data, existing simulation models of the IOM are either too simple or clinically unreliable. This work aims to address this problematic by generating 3D morphological and tensile properties of the individual IOM structures. First, micro- and standard-CT acquisitions were performed on five fresh-frozen annotated cadaveric forearms for the generation of 3D models of the radius, ulna and each of the individual ligaments of the IOM. Afterwards, novel 3D methods were developed for the measurement of common morphological features, which were validated against established optical ex-vivo measurements. Finally, we investigated the individual tensile properties of each IOM ligament. The generated 3D morphological features can provide the basis for the future development of functional planning simulation of the forearm.
Up-regulation of pro-angiogenic pathways and induction of neovascularization by an acute retinal light damage
Authors: Tisi A. , Parete G. , Flati V. , Maccarone R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe light damage (LD) model was mainly used to study some of the main aspects of age related macular degeneration (AMD), such as oxidative stress and photoreceptor death. Several protocols of light-induced retinal degeneration exist. Acute light damage is characterized by a brief exposure (24 hours) to high intensity light (1000 lux) and leads to focal degeneration of the retina which progresses over time. To date there are not experimental data that relate this model to neovascular events. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the retina after an acute light damage to assess whether the vascularization was affected. Functional, molecular and morphological investigations were carried out. The electroretinographic response was assessed at all recovery times (7, 60, 120 days after LD). Starting from 7 days after light damage there was a significant decrease in the functional response, which remained low up to 120 days of recovery. At 7 days after light exposure, neo-vessels invaded the photoreceptor layer and retinal neovascularization occurred. Remarkably, neoangiogenesis was associated to the up-regulation of VEGF, bFGF and their respective receptors (VEGFR2 and FGFR1) with the progression of degeneration. These important results indicate that a brief exposure to bright light induces the up-regulation of pro-angiogenic pathways with subsequent neovascularization.
Role of non-thermal electrons in ultrafast spin dynamics of ferromagnetic multilayer
Authors: Shim Je-Ho , Syed Akbar Ali , Kim Jea-Il , Piao Hong-Guang , Lee Sang-Hyuk , Park Seung-Young , Choi Yeon Suk , Lee Kyung Min , Kim Hyun-Joong , Jeong Jong-Ryul , Hong Jung-Il , Kim Dong Eon , Kim Dong-Hyun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnderstanding of ultrafast spin dynamics is crucial for future spintronic applications. In particular, the role of non-thermal electrons needs further investigation in order to gain a fundamental understanding of photoinduced demagnetization and remagnetization on a femtosecond time scale. We experimentally demonstrate that non-thermal electrons existing in the very early phase of the photoinduced demagnetization process play a key role in governing the overall ultrafast spin dynamics behavior. We simultaneously measured the time-resolved reflectivity (TR-R) and the magneto-optical Kerr effect (TR-MOKE) for a Co/Pt multilayer film. By using an extended three-temperature model (E3TM), the quantitative analysis, including non-thermal electron energy transfer into the subsystem (thermal electron, lattice, and spin), reveals that energy flow from non-thermal electrons plays a decisive role in determining the type I and II photoinduced spin dynamics behavior. Our finding proposes a new mechanism for understanding ultrafast remagnetization dynamics.
A scoring system to predict the occurrence of very late stent thrombosis following percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Wang Xiang , Chen Xinxin , Tian Tao , You Hongzhao , Li Yulin , Wu Muli , Du Xiaoyu , Cai He , Zheng Yang , Du Jie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe aimed to derive and validate an effective risk score to identify high-risk patients of very late stent thrombosis (VLST), following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Stepwise multivariable Cox regression was used to build the risk model using data from 5,185 consecutive ACS patients treated with PCI (derivation cohort) and 2,058 patients from the external validation cohort. Eight variables were independently associated with the development of VLST: history of diabetes mellitus, previous PCI, acute myocardial infarction as admitting diagnosis, estimated glomerular filtration rate <90 ml/min/1.73 m2, three-vessel disease, number of stents per lesion, sirolimus-eluting stent, and no post-dilation. Based on the derived score, patients were classified into low- (≤7), intermediate- (8–9), and high- (≥10) risk categories. Observed VLST rates were 0.5%, 2.2%, and 8.7% and 0.45%, 2.3%, and 9.3% across the 3 risk categories in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. High discrimination (c-statistic = 0.80 and 0.82 in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively) and excellent calibration were observed in both cohorts. VLST risk score, a readily useable and efficient tool to identify high-risk patients of VLST after PCI for ACS, may aid in risk-stratification and pre-emptive decision-making.
Characteristics of Normal-tension Glaucoma Patients with Temporal Retinal Nerve Fibre Defects
Authors: Yum Hae Ri , Park Hae-Young Lopilly , Park Chan Kee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlaucomatous visual field (VF) damage usually involves in the Bjerrum area, which refers to outside the central 10° region. However, some reports suggest that structural damage to the macula occurs even in the early stages of glaucoma. We investigated the characteristics of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients with temporal retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defects. Ninety eyes from 90 subjects including 30 normal eyes, 30 eyes of 30 patients with normal-tension glaucoma with temporal RNFL defects, and 30 eyes of 30 patients with normal-tension glaucoma with inferotemporal or superotemporal RNFL defects were enrolled. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) decreased significantly in glaucomatous eyes with temporal RNFL defects as compared with in controls and glaucomatous eyes with inferotemporal or superotemporal RNFL defects. VF tests showed more frequent central or cecocentral VF defects involving the central 10° region in glaucomatous eyes with temporal RNFL defects. VF defects were more frequently detected on short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP). Eyes with temporal RNFL defects had generally reduced ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness. In addition, the BCVA, GCIPL thicknesses, and SWAP findings were significantly different in glaucoma patients with temporal RNFL defects according to their colour vision deficiency, not RNFL thickness or standard automated perimetry (SAP) results.
Anti-apoptosis mechanism of triptolide based on network pharmacology in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis rats
Authors: Li Yayu , Jiang Xue , Song Litao , Yang Mengdie , Pan Jing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Triptolide (TPL), the active component of Tripterygium wilfordii, exhibits anti-cancer and antioxidant functions. We aimed to explore the anti-apoptosis mechanism of TPL based on network pharmacology and in vivo and in vitro research validation using a rat model of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The chemical structures and pharmacological activities of the compounds reported in T. wilfordii were determined and used to perform the network pharmacology analysis. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP) was then used to identify the network targets for 16 compounds from Tripterygium wilfordii. Our results showed that 47 overlapping genes obtained from the GeneCards and OMIM databases were involved in the occurrence and development of FSGS and used to construct the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network using the STRING database. Hub genes were identified via the MCODE plug-in of the Cytoscape software. IL4 was the target gene of TPL in FSGS and was mainly enriched in the cell apoptosis term and p53 signaling pathway, according to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. TPL inhibited FSGS-induced cell apoptosis in rats and regulated IL4, nephrin, podocin, and p53 protein levels via using CCK8, TUNEL, and Western blot assays. The effects of IL4 overexpression, including inhibition of cell viability and promotion of apoptosis, were reversed by TPL. TPL treatment increased the expression of nephrin and podocin and decreased p53 expression in rat podocytes. In conclusion, TPL inhibited podocyte apoptosis by targeting IL4 to alleviate kidney injury in FSGS rats.
Genetic diversity of major histocompatibility complex class I genes in Zootoca vivipara
Authors: Liu Wanli , Liu Yufen , Liu Peng , Zhao Wenge 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), as a family of highly polymorphic genes associated with immunity in the genome of the vertebrate, has become an important indicator for assessing the evolutionary potential of wildlife. In order to better protect Zootoca vivipara in the Greater Khingan Range and Lesser Khingan Range, to understand the genetic structure of Z. vivipara, and to explore the mechanism and phylogenetic relationship of the gene polymorphisms, the MHC molecular marker method was used to analyze Z. vivipara population. Forty-seven alleles were obtained from four populations. The four populations were highly polymorphic, rich in genetic information, and had significant genetic diversity. There were certain inbreeding phenomena. There was a high degree of genetic differentiation among populations, which was caused by genetic drift and natural selection. The sequence undergoes genetic duplication and recombination. The existence of trans-species polymorphism was found in the constructed phylogenetic tree. The present study provides a theoretical basis for species protection of Z. vivipara.