bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the Sequence Boundary in Over- and Under-Supplied Contexts: The Case of the Late Pleistocene Adriatic Continental Margin
Authors: Pellegrini Claudio , Bohacs Kevin M. , Drexler Tina M. , Gamberi Fabiano , Rovere Marzia , Trincardi Fabio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Even in a system whose stratal record is well expressed, it can be challenging to confidently differentiate sequence boundaries from other erosional surfaces because of lateral changes in stratal patterns due to variations in accommodation and sediment-supply rates and routes. Identifying a sequence boundary, as originally defined by Mitchum et al. (1977), is based on objective geometric relations. The original and standard criteria for defining a sequence boundary include not only the recognition and interpretation of stratal terminations but also an assessment of the spatial distribution of such terminations. Key geometric relations, however, are not always apparent on every single seismic line and are commonly inferred solely from vertical sections from boreholes. Hence it is essential to correlate and map the three-dimensional distribution and character of potential sequence boundaries (and any other sequence-stratigraphic surfaces) for a more confident interpretation. Variations in observed geometric relations are a function of profile location and orientation with respect to sediment-entry points and shelf-edge, as well as to spatial changes in rates of change in accommodation relative to the rates of sediment supply (e.g., Madof et al., 2016).
We illustrate this interpretation process using our work in the Adriatic continental margin taking advantage of the preserved and well-expressed strata and surfaces of the late Pleistocene succession. In addition, in the study area, independent evidence of accommodation changes (eustasy and subsidence), sediment-supply (rates and routes), and robust geochronological control are available (Pellegrini et al., 2017). On the Adriatic margin, the late Pleistocene stratigraphy consists of a succession of regressive depositional sequences bounded by shelf-wide erosional surfaces, each recording approximately 100-ky glacio-eustatic cycles (Trincardi and Correggiari, 2000; Ridente and Trincardi, 2005). The most recent depositional sequence shows at its top different erosional surfaces developed during higher frequency changes in accommodation and sediment supply. Following the classic definition of sequence boundary by Mitchum et al. (1977), we are able to differentiate the sequence boundary from other erosional surfaces by their different types and extents of onlap on the slope and different basinal deposits. We compare and contrast the character of these surfaces in three dimensions, taking into account the importance of along-strike variations in supply regime along a continental margin, and show how this aids interpretation of causal mechanisms and the consequences for predictions of rock properties.
Depositional Cycles and Sequences in an Organic-Rich Lake Basin: Eocene Green River Formation, Lake Uinta, Colorado and Utah
Authors: Sarg J. Frederick , Tänavsuu-Milkeviciene Kati , Bartov Yuval 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Green River Formation lacustrine deposits in the eastern portion of Lake Uinta formed in two sub-basins (the Piceance basin and the Uinta basin) and represent mixed siliciclastic-carbonate and organic-rich lake deposits deposited during the Eocene climate optimum. The formation is comprised of organic-rich and organic-poor mudstone, siliciclastics, and carbonates, formed in a shallow to deep (tens of meters), stratified lake environment. Integrated sequence stratigraphic analysis using gamma logs, Fisher Assay plots, core, and outcrop has resulted in a predictive framework for organic-rich oil shale distribution, reservoir characterization, and hydrocarbon systems analysis.
Lacustrine strata are characterized by three types of (meter to decimeter) depositional cycles: (1) Type 1 cycles formed in a littoral/sublittoral zones and comprise progradational siliciclastic-rich deposits that pass upward into progradational to aggradational carbonate shoal and microbial carbonate and are capped by mud-to silt-sized sublittoral deposits. In the profundal zone, two types of depositional cycles occur: (2) Type 2 cycles start with lean oil shale, pass upwards into siliciclastic turbidites, and are overlain by rich oil shale deposits. (3) Type 3 cycles initiate with evaporites and mixed lean and rich oil shale that is overlain by rich oil shale. Stacked depositional cycles form depositional sequences meters to tens of meters thick. Eleven upward-deepening depositional sequences have been described and are divided into periods of low, rising, and high lake that are separated by sequence boundaries, transgressive surfaces, and main flooding surfaces, respectively.
The development of depositional cycles and sequences in these lacustrine basins appear to be strongly affected by climate changes and respective inflow; i.e., during times of low inflow (low lake level) siliciclastic and nutrient input into the lake decreased. In contrast, the highest input of siliciclastics and nutrients occurred during increased and high inflow (rising and high lake level). Low lake level is marked by thin marginal deposits and lean oil shale and at times, evaporite deposition in profundal areas. Increased runoff is marked along basin margins by sharp-based sandstones and carbonates. In the profundal area, rich oil shale overlay lean oil shale.
Meter-Scale Vertical and Lateral Facies Variability in a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework: Example from Shallow-Marine Carbonates of the Middle Jurassic Izhara Formation (United Arab Emirates)
Authors: Hönig Martin , John Cédric Michael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A sedimentary bed is classically defined as a distinct layer of sedimentary rock that has a relatively uniform composition. Several outcrop-based studies have shown that facies within individual beds can vary laterally on a scale of around 100 m. As facies transitions are important criterions used as a proxy for the depositional environment and often to infer sequence stratigraphic trends in subsurface studies where data is limited to one-dimensional wells, this observed facies heterogeneity has implications for both paleoenvironmental studies and sequence stratigraphy. In this study, we investigate whether sedimentary and facies heterogeneities known to occur at the hundred meters scale are also present at the meter to tens of meters scale in a well-preserved facies mosaic deposited on a carbonate ramp (Wadi Naqab, Izhara Formation, Lower Bajocian, northern UAE), where a robust, outcrop-based sequence stratigraphic framework exists.
A bed set was logged and mapped across a 120 m long curving cliff face; combined with thin section analysis, the data allowed the reconstruction and quantification of facies heterogeneity at this location. Results reveal a large amount of lateral facies transitions at the meter scale. Lithofacies types have a probability of less than 70% of being laterally continuous over 12 to 18 meters, representing the highest amount of lateral facies heterogeneity so far reported in an ancient example. The case study reveals intra-bed facies transitioning attributed to spatially heterogeneous biogenic carbonate production as well as to syndepositional homogenizing and sieving processes occurring within shallow-marine depositional environments in ancient as well as in modern analogous systems. A series of continuous hardgrounds, previously interpreted as flooding and exposure surfaces, provide an independent sequence stratigraphic framework that demonstrate that the existence of small-scale lateral facies heterogeneities complicates interpretation of the vertical stacking pattern of facies. This confirms that the best practice is to limit sequence stratigraphic interpretations based on facies trends to larger stacking patterns (&gt;10 meters). Meter-scale vertical patterns in carbonates often do not represent a proxy for base level changes, as illustrated in our study; therefore, fine-scaled, high-resolution sequence stratigraphy or lateral correlations are not attainable in carbonate sequences based on lithostratigraphy.
Effects of Sea Level and Upwelling on Development of a Miocene Shallow-Water Tropical Carbonate Ramp System, Ponce, Puerto Rico
Authors: Ortega-Ariza Diana , Franseen Evan K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Middle-late Miocene (ca. 13-10 Ma) Ponce Limestone exposures in southern Puerto Rico provide an opportunity to evaluate development of a tropical carbonate ramp system during a time of known regional upwelling in the Caribbean. Three sequences (DS1, DS2, and DS3) developed in response to relative sealevel fluctuations. Each sequence is characterized by basal heterozoan-larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) facies that grades upward to a photozoan facies composed of corals tolerant of cool and turbid water at the top. DS1 transgressive deposits include Kuphus (?incrassatus), Amphistegina-Archaias packstone interbedded with Amphistegina packstone, and Archaias angulatus and gastropod-rich packstone. Maximum flooding is indicated by a Globigerinid planktonic foraminiferal facies. Upper DS1 strata consist of Montastraea imperatoris, Goniopora imperatoris, and several species of Porites coral rud-floatstone and framestone, which were deposited during highstand and sea-level fall. DS1 is capped by a surface of subaerial exposure (SB1).
DS2 transgressive deposits consist of Amphistegina-coralline red algae packstone-grainstone that grade upward to coralgal-Amphistegina packstone deposited during highstand and sea-level fall. DS2 is capped by a surface of subaerial exposure (SB2).
A rapid sea-level rise for DS3 is interpreted due to the apparent lack of transgressive deposits.
Preserved strata consist of prograding coralgal clinoforms developed during highstand. SB1 (~13-12 Ma) and SB2 (~11-10 Ma) may correlate with unconformities in other Caribbean areas, which could indicate regional tectonic or eustatic control on sequence development. The dominance of heterozoans and larger benthic foraminifera tolerant of mesotrophic and temperate water conditions and the presence only of those photozoan corals tolerant to turbidity and cooler water are consistent with a system affected by upwelling. The presence of photozoan corals only in the highstand and regressive portions of sequences suggests highest upwelling intensity and/or transport of upwelled water and nutrients to shallowest water ramp environments during transgressions. Our results have direct implications for other similar age-equivalent systems developed in the Caribbean, including those forming important reservoirs, and other tropical systems in the rock record affected by adverse photic zone conditions.
Controls on Seismic-Scale Geometries and Sequence-Stratigraphic Architecture of Mixed Carbonate-Siliciclastic Systems: Example from the Triassic Nanpanjang Basin, South China
Authors: Minzoni Marcello , Lehrmann Daniel J. , Enos Paul , Wei Jiayong , Yu Meiyi , Payne Jonathan , Li Xiaowei , Kelley Brian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Comparative analysis of platform evolution recorded along multiple 2D platform-to-basin transects of the Triassic Yangtze carbonate shelf and several isolated platforms in the Triassic Nanpanjiang basin, south China, indicates that laterally variable tectonic subsidence, rate of basinal clastic deposition at the toe of slope, antecedent topography, and changes of carbonate factory type controlled the evolution, large-scale sequence stratigraphic architecture, and geometry of the platform margin and slope. Lateral and temporal changes in these parameters, and their various combinations during the Middle and early Late Triassic, were responsible for the remarkable vertical and along-strike variability in the observed platform architecture and slope profile.
Timing and rates of subsidence largely controlled along-strike variability, timing of drowning, back-step geometries, and pinnacle development. Antecedent topography and timing of clastic basin fill dictated differences in platform-margin stability and geometries such as slope angle, relief above basin floor, development of collapse scars, and progradation at basin margins. Changes in slope profile through the Early and Middle Triassic reflect changes in carbonate-factory type and evolving seawater chemistry following the end-Permian extinction. Eustasy, in contrast, had very little influence on platform morphology and large-scale architecture.
Process-based depositional models derived from the Nanpanjiang basin of south China present an important analog for understanding, quantifying, and predicting facies distribution and architectural styles at the basin scale in other systems, particularly in areas of active tectonism and temporal variations in oceanic conditions, such as, for example, the prolific Tertiary carbonates reservoir province of southeast Asia.
Peut-on prendre le PISA au sérieux ? Entretien avec Bertrand Daunay et Daniel Bart
Authors: De Oliveira Adilson Ribeiro 
Published: November 2019

Le Programme international pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA – de l’anglais Programme of International Student Assessment) est une initiative de l'Organisation de coopération et développement économiques (OCDE). Il s'agit d'une évaluation comparative, administrée aux élèves de 15 ans environ, l'âge auquel l'enseignement obligatoire de base est estimé terminé dans la plupart des pays participants à l'évaluation, ce qui correspond à la fin de l'enseignement primaire au Brésil.Selon l'Institut national d'études et de recherches en éducation Anísio Teixeira (INEP), l'agence brésilienne responsable de la réalisation du PISA au Brésil, l'objectif de ce programme est de produire des indicateurs sur la qualité de l'éducation offerte dans les pays participants afin de promouvoir des discussions qui puissent orienter les politiques publiques pour améliorer l'éducation de base. Les évaluations ont lieu tous les trois ans, couvrant trois domaines de connaissance – compréhension de l’écrit, culture mathématique et culture scientifique – et, chaque année, l'un de ces trois domaines est constitué comme domaine majeur du test. Selon l’OCDE, il ne s’agit pas seulement de chercher à évaluer ce que les élèves savent en compréhension de l’écrit, culture mathématique et culture scientifique, mais aussi à éclairer ce qu’ils sont capables de faire avec ces connaissances. En plus de diagnostiquer les compétences des élèves, le PISA cherche aussi à collecter des informations qui puissent mettre en rapport les performances des élèves à des variables démographiques, socioéconomiques et éducatives afin que les autorités publiques puissent les utiliser comme un instrument de réflexion, de planification, de mise en œuvre et de perfectionnement des politiques éducatives.En 2018, le domaine de la connaissance souligné est la compréhension de l’écrit : un moment opportun donc pour cette interview avec les professeurs et chercheurs Bertrand Daunay et Daniel Bart, experts français, qui ont publié (en plus de plusieurs articles sur le sujet depuis quelques années), en 2016, aux éditions du Croquant, en France, l’ouvrage Les Blagues à PISA : le discours sur l'école d'une institution internationale et en 2018, aux éditions Mercado de Letras, au Brésil, à la satisfaction des lecteurs brésiliens intéressés par le sujet, l’ouvrage Pode-se levar a sério o PISA ? O tratamento do texto literário em uma avaliação internacional (en français : Peut-on prendre le PISA au sérieux ? Le traitement du texte littéraire dans une évaluation internacionale) invitation à une analyse critique et, par conséquent, à une réflexion engagée dans une meilleure compréhension d'une facette de cette évaluation de portée mondiale.
Improvement of Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Receiving Routine Intravenous Iron Supplementation
Authors: Danko Istvan , Weidkamp Marcy , Eickhoff Jens C. 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is very common in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a key outcome measure, no long-term studies have evaluated the effect of correction of IDA on HRQL in children with IBD. Our goal was to prospectively study changes in HRQL in iron-deficient children with IBD receiving routine iron supplementation with periodic intravenous iron sucrose (IVIS).
METHODS Thirty-eight children with IBD treated with infliximab participated. Hematology and inflammatory markers were assessed before each infliximab treatment. Iron-deficient patients (transferrin saturation below 20% and/or ferritin below 30 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL with normal or elevated C-reactive protein, respectively) received IVIS after each infliximab infusion until iron indices stayed normal for two consecutive measurements. HRQL was assessed with Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory every 4 months. Correlation between changes in mean hemoglobin levels and HRQL scores was analyzed prospectively in 3-month periods over a period exceeding 3 years.
RESULTS At enrollment, 27 patients had already been established on infliximab; 11 had not started or completed induction. Mean iron indices and hemoglobin normalized after 3 and 6 month of starting IVIS, respectively. Multiple HRQL parameters significantly improved, regardless of the duration of infliximab treatment at the time of enrollment. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between correction of anemia and improvement in parent-reported emotional and physical HRQL scores.
CONCLUSIONS Periodic IVIS resulted in long-term correction of IDA in children with IBD. Correction of IDA contributed to some improvements in HRQL.
Female in football
Authors: Wilhelmsen Linda 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
For centuries, men have dominated football organizations in all levels, and the imbalance in status between male and female football is unparalleled in the world of sports. This may affect female football by means of career opportunities, resource allocation and organizational performance. This study will explore managerial, organizational and cultural parameters that have an impact on women’s career possibilities in football organizations as players, coaches and leaders. The following research questions will be explored: In what way do governing mechanisms such as culture, attitudes and values have an impact on female positions in football organizations? How do organizational structures and cultures in football organizations affect women's career opportunities? How do power mechanisms, gender roles and stereotypes, unbalanced resource access, commercial investment impact female versus male football?
Methodology
Data will be collected among female football organizations in the two top football leagues in Norway. Qualitative data will be collected by interviews, field notes from facilitated face-to-face meetings with World Café dialogue technique and participant evaluations, whereas quantitative data will be collected by surveys and registry data.
Implications
Female football has received very little research attention, and as such, findings from the present project will give provide novel insight regarding the impact of organizational performance for women’s opportunity for a career in football. Directing attention towards female participation in football organizations may increase participation and positions of trust within the organizations.
Spatial genetic structure inPinus cembroidesZucc. at population and landscape levels in central and northern Mexico
Authors: García-Zubia Luis C. , Hernández-Velasco Javier , Hernández-Díaz José C. , Simental-Rodríguez Sergio L. , López-Sánchez Carlos A. , Quiñones-Pérez Carmen Z. , Carrillo-Parra Artemio , Wehenkel Christian 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundSpatial genetic structure (SGS) analysis is a powerful approach to quantifying gene flow between trees, thus clarifying the functional connectivity of trees at population and landscape scales. The findings of SGS analysis may be useful for conservation and management of natural populations and plantations.Pinus cembroidesis a widely distributed tree species, covering an area of about 2.5 million hectares in Mexico. The aim of this study was to examine five natural seed stands ofP. cembroidesin the Sierra Madre Occidental to determine the SGS at population (within the seed stand) and landscape (among seed stands) levels in order to establish guidelines for the conservation and management of the species. We hypothesized thatP. cembroides, in which the seeds are dispersed by birds and mammals, creates weaker SGS than species with wind-dispersed seeds.MethodsDNA fingerprinting was performed using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. In order to estimate the SGS at population and landscape levels, we measured the geographical (spatial) distance as the Euclidean distance. We also estimated the genetic distances between individuals using the pairwise kinship coefficient.ResultsThe results showed non-significant autocorrelation in four out of five seed stands studied (i.e., a mainly random distribution in the space of the genetic variants ofP. cembroidesat population level).DiscussionSGS was detected at the landscape scale, supporting the theory of isolation by distance as a consequence of restricted pollen and seed dispersal. However, the SGS may also have been generated by our sampling strategy. We recommended establishing a close network of seed stands ofP. cembroidesto prevent greater loss of local genetic variants and alteration of SGS. We recommend seed stands ofP. cembroidesof a minimum width of 225 m.
Survival Analysis of Cholera Patients a Parametric and Non-parametric Approach
Authors: Hassan Umar M. , Abiodun A. A. 
Published: November 2019

Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate survival probability of cholera patients who were under follow-up and identify significant risk factors for mortality.
Methodology: In this research, we present the basic concepts, nonparametric methods (the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test) and parametric method. Parametric AFT models (Exponential, Weibull, Lognormal and Log logistic) were compared using Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC).
Results: Recorded data of 513 patients were obtained from UNICEF Cholera Hospital for Internally Displaced Persons Camps within Maiduguri, Borno State. Non-Parametric and Parametric approach were used to estimate the survival probability of the patients and examine the association between the survival times with different risk factors. The analysis shows that some factors significantly contribute to longer survival time of cholera patients. These factors include being a female, age less than twenty, being vaccinated before the infection and mild degree of dehydration.
Conclusion: The vaccination, age, sex and degree of dehydration of a cholera patient affects its survival hence, much attention should be given to older patients, degree of dehydration and vaccine (killed oral 01 with whole-cell with Bsubunit) should be administered whenever there is outbreak. When carrying out survival analysis of this kind, a Weibull model is Recommended for used while if dealing with Accelerated Failure Time models.
Primary Pancreatic Echinococcosis: A Rare Cause of Pancreatic Cyst
Authors: Khullar Rahul , Nag Hirdaya , Saluja Sundeep 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Primary Hydatid cyst of pancreas is a rare entity even in endemic countries. These cases usually present with non specific symptoms such as pain abdomen, vomiting or feeling of vague lump in abdomen.
Presentation of Case: A 55 year old lady presented to GI surgery department, GB Pant institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), India with complaints of lump in abdomen and pain abdomen which was evaluated with imaging studies (Computed tomography scan Abdomen and Magnetic resonance imaging Abdomen). Initially considered as cystic lesion pancreas, Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) confirmed diagnosis of Hydatid cyst and patient underwent open deroofing and drainage of cyst with uneventful post operative period.