bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive modulation and coding in underwater acoustic communications: a machine learning perspective
Authors: Huang Lihuan , Zhang Qunfei , Tan Weijie , Wang Yue , Zhang Lifan , He Chengbing , Tian Zhi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe increasing demand for exploring and managing the vast marine resources of the planet has underscored the importance of research on advanced underwater acoustic communication (UAC) technologies. However, owing to the severe characteristics of the oceanic environment, underwater acoustic (UWA) propagation experiences nearly the harshest wireless channels in nature. This article resorts to the perspective of machine learning (ML) to cope with the major challenges of adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) design in UACs. First, we present an ML AMC framework for UACs. Then, we propose an attention-aided k-nearest neighbor (A-kNN) algorithm with simplicity and robustness, based on which an ML AMC approach is designed with immunity to channel modeling uncertainty. Leveraging its online learning ability, such A-kNN-based AMC classifier offers salient capabilities of both sustainable self-enhancement and broad applicability to various operation scenarios. Next, aiming at higher implementation efficiency, we take strategies of complexity reduction and present a dimensionality-reduced and data-clustered A-kNN (DRDC-A-kNN) AMC classifier. Finally, we demonstrate that these proposed ML approaches have superior performance over traditional model-based methods by simulations using actual data collected from three lake experiments.
Comparison of a traditional systematic review approach with review-of-reviews and semi-automation as strategies to update the evidence
Authors: Reddy Shivani M. , Patel Sheila , Weyrich Meghan , Fenton Joshua , Viswanathan Meera 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The exponential growth of the biomedical literature necessitates investigating strategies to reduce systematic reviewer burden while maintaining the high standards of systematic review validity and comprehensiveness.

Methods
We compared the traditional systematic review screening process with (1) a review-of-reviews (ROR) screening approach and (2) a semi-automation screening approach using two publicly available tools (RobotAnalyst and AbstrackR) and different types of training sets (randomly selected citations subjected to dual-review at the title-abstract stage, highly curated citations dually reviewed at the full-text stage, and a combination of the two). We evaluated performance measures of sensitivity, specificity, missed citations, and workload burden

Results
The ROR approach for treatments of early-stage prostate cancer had a poor sensitivity (0.54) and studies missed by the ROR approach tended to be of head-to-head comparisons of active treatments, observational studies, and outcomes of physical harms and quality of life. Title and abstract screening incorporating semi-automation only resulted in a sensitivity of 100% at high levels of reviewer burden (review of 99% of citations). A highly curated, smaller-sized, training set (n = 125) performed similarly to a larger training set of random citations (n = 938).

Conclusion
Two approaches to rapidly update SRs—review-of-reviews and semi-automation—failed to demonstrate reduced workload burden while maintaining an acceptable level of sensitivity. We suggest careful evaluation of the ROR approach through comparison of inclusion criteria and targeted searches to fill evidence gaps as well as further research of semi-automation use, including more study of highly curated training sets.
Environmental assessment of cytotoxic drugs in healthcare settings: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Al Alawi Laila , Soteriades Elpidoforos S. , Paulo Marilia Silva , Östlundh Linda , Grivna Michal , Al Maskari Fatima , Al-Rifai Rami H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Occupational exposure to cytotoxic drugs is associated with various unfavorable health outcomes. This protocol reports a methodology for a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to systematically review the published literature and quantify the level of environmental contamination of healthcare settings with cytotoxic drugs.

Methods
This protocol is developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol-2015 (PRISMA-P) guidelines. Six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and EMBASE) will be searched with no restrictions on publication period. Eligible studies will be identified and data will be extracted using a predefined data extraction form by at least two independent reviewers following best practice. Eligible studies should report calculated or calculable estimates on the proportion of positive samples tested for cytotoxic drugs and/or estimates on the concentration of the cytotoxic drug(s) in the tested samples. Risk of bias (RoB) will be assessed by using the RoB in Studies estimating Prevalence of Exposure to Occupational risk factors (RoB-SPEO) tool, which developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Labour Organization (ILO) for environmental and occupational health systematic reviews. The random-effects model will be used to perform meta-analyses.

Discussion
Occupational exposure to cytotoxic drugs is associated with short- and long-term adverse health outcomes. Following this protocol, the review to be carried out will be the first to fill an evidence gap on the environmental contamination of healthcare settings with cytotoxic drugs. The findings of this review will help in the understanding of the risk of occupational exposure of healthcare workers to cytotoxic drugs and facilitate the identification of priority areas for specific interventions.

Ethics and dissemination
The systematic review methodology does not require ethics approval due to the nature of the study design. The results of the systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be publicly available.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42020162780, dated July 14, 2020
Adsorptive removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution onto activated carbon of Catha edulis stem as a low cost bio-adsorbent
Authors: Abate Gietu Yirga , Alene Adugna Nigatu , Habte Adere Tarekegne , Getahun Desiew Mekuanint 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The release of hazardous synthetic dyes into industrial effluents has emerged as an environmental problem requiring remediation. The present study focused on the preparation of a new and environmentally-friendly material (adsorbent) for the remediation of hazardous dyes from aqueous solution. The low cost adsorbent was prepared from locally available khat (Catha edulis) stem which considered as waste and accumulated on waste disposal areas of Woldia town, Ethiopia. Comprehensive characterization studies were carried out on the bio-adsorbent such as proximate analyses, specific surface area, point of zero charge and FT-IR analysis.

Results
The proximate analysis shows the prepared adsorbent has very high fixed carbon content (83.65%), which refers to high quality of the adsorbent. The adsorption performance of the prepared activated carbon was optimized by varying operational parameters such as initial dye concentration (10 mg/L), pH (10), dosage (0.5 g), and contact time (60 min). The maximum removal efficiency of the prepared adsorbent at those optimum conditions was 98.8%. The experimental data was tested by most common kinetics and isotherm models. It was observed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fits better with good correlation coefficient and the equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model.

Conclusion
In summery this study demonstrated that the waste bio sorbent could be employed as an effective and eco-friendly alternative for the cleanup of dye-polluted aqueous system.
rAAV-related therapy fully rescues myonuclear and myofilament function in X-linked myotubular myopathy
Authors: Ross Jacob A. , Tasfaout Hichem , Levy Yotam , Morgan Jennifer , Cowling Belinda S. , Laporte Jocelyn , Zanoteli Edmar , Romero Norma B. , Lowe Dawn A. , Jungbluth Heinz , Lawlor Michael W. , Mack David L. , Ochala Julien 
Published: October 2020

AbstractX-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a life-threatening skeletal muscle disease caused by mutations in the MTM1 gene. XLMTM fibres display a population of nuclei mispositioned in the centre. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether positioning and overall distribution of nuclei affects cellular organization and contractile function, thereby contributing to muscle weakness in this disease. We also assessed whether gene therapy alters nuclear arrangement and function. We used tissue from human patients and animal models, including XLMTM dogs that had received increasing doses of recombinant AAV8 vector restoring MTM1 expression (rAAV8-cMTM1). We then used single isolated muscle fibres to analyze nuclear organization and contractile function. In addition to the expected mislocalization of nuclei in the centre of muscle fibres, a novel form of nuclear mispositioning was observed: irregular spacing between those located at the fibre periphery, and an overall increased number of nuclei, leading to dramatically smaller and inconsistent myonuclear domains. Nuclear mislocalization was associated with decreases in global nuclear synthetic activity, contractile protein content and intrinsic myofilament force production. A contractile deficit originating at the myofilaments, rather than mechanical interference by centrally positioned nuclei, was supported by experiments in regenerated mouse muscle. Systemic administration of rAAV8-cMTM1 at doses higher than 2.5 × 1013 vg kg−1 allowed a full rescue of all these cellular defects in XLMTM dogs. Altogether, these findings identify previously unrecognized pathological mechanisms in human and animal XLMTM, associated with myonuclear defects and contractile filament function. These defects can be reversed by gene therapy restoring MTM1 expression in dogs with XLMTM.
Physical Activity Behavior from a Transdisciplinary Biopsychosocial Perspective: a Scoping Review
Authors: John Jannika M. , Haug Vanessa , Thiel Ansgar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity behavior is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. For its analysis, transdisciplinary biopsychosocial approaches yield great potential. In health research, the biopsychosocial model has experienced a renaissance. Researchers have tried to grasp the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. With this scoping review, we aimed to examine how the ‘biopsychosocial’ has been conceptualized in scientific work related to physical activity behavior.MethodsThe scoping review was informed by the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A systematic literature search was conducted in Web of Science, SportDiscus, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, and PubMed. Only articles published in peer-reviewed journals that contained all three components of a biopsychosocial approach (e.g., bio/physio/genetic, psycho/mental, and socio/cultural/environmental) were included. We only included articles in our narrative synthesis that integrated physical activity behavior into a biopsychosocial model, or investigated or described physical activity behavior on the basis of such a model.ResultsThirteen studies met the inclusion criteria; eight articles pursued a biopsychosocial approach in the tradition of Engel, five employed a socio-ecological approach. The models in the analyzed articles referred to either correlates of physical activity behavior, or the influence of physical activity on health or aging. Only a minority of the articles, however, referred to interactions between biological, psychological, and social factors.ConclusionsThe included articles were quite heterogeneous in their approach to physical activity from a biopsychosocial perspective. The included articles illustrate that the adoption of a biopsychosocial perspective may assist to capture and understand the complex phenomenon of physical activity behavior and might inform future transdisciplinary physical activity research.
Updates in drug-induced acute pancreatitis
Authors: Alhaddad Omkolsoum , Elsabaawy Maha , Elfauomy Marwa , Elsabaawy Dalia , Mansour Tarek 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundBeing infrequent, drug-induced acute pancreatitis (DIP) is an overlooked clinical entity that can be serious with significant morbidity and mortality.Main bodyA renovative review of drugs incriminated in acute pancreatitis had been presented with all relevant data and case presentations. Antibiotics, antidiabetics, antihypertensive agents, H2 blockers (H2B) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), anticancer therapies, and the new direct-acting antiviral therapies (DAAs) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) were discussed pertinently to DIP.ConclusionsDIP should be suspected as a potential adverse event to every newly emerged drug. Herein, an updated review of drugs recently alleged to be implicated in DIP.
The diagnostic value of ultrasonography in detection of different types of thyroid nodules
Authors: Youssef Ahmed , Abd-Elmonem Mohamed Hesham , Ghazy Rania Ahmed Mohamed , El Shafei Mohamed Mahmoud , Zahran Mohamed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis article discusses the importance of high frequency ultrasonography in detection of different types of thyroid nodules considering only the histopathological examination of the surgical specimens as the final diagnosis. We studied 50 patients referred to ENT clinic with a thyroid nodule. Ultrasonography and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy were done to all the patients. Thyroid surgery was done according to FNAB results.ResultFrom 50 thyroid specimens, the US could predict the malignancy in 18 specimens. By histopathology, only 16 specimens were malignant, and 34 were benign thyroid disease. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of US were 100%, 94.12%, and 96% respectively. The most suspicious ultrasongraphic feature was microcalcification followed by taller than wider (T ˃ W).ConclusionHigh frequency ultrasound is a very important tool to predict the malignant possibility during thyroid nodule evaluation.
Anxiety, depression, traumatic stress and COVID-19-related anxiety in the UK general population during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shevlin Mark , McBride Orla , Murphy Jamie , Miller Jilly Gibson , Hartman Todd K. , Levita Liat , Mason Liam , Martinez Anton P. , McKay Ryan , Stocks Thomas V. A. , Bennett Kate M. , Hyland Philip , Karatzias Thanos , Bentall Richard P. 
Published: October 2020

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented global crisis, necessitating drastic changes to living conditions, social life, personal freedom and economic activity. No study has yet examined the presence of psychiatric symptoms in the UK population under similar conditions.

Aims
We investigated the prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety, generalised anxiety, depression and trauma symptoms in the UK population during an early phase of the pandemic, and estimated associations with variables likely to influence these symptoms.

Method
Between 23 and 28 March 2020, a quota sample of 2025 UK adults aged 18 years and older, stratified by age, gender and household income, was recruited by online survey company Qualtrics. Participants completed standardised measures of depression, generalised anxiety and trauma symptoms relating to the pandemic. Bivariate and multivariate associations were calculated for demographic and health-related variables.

Results
Higher levels of anxiety, depression and trauma symptoms were reported compared with previous population studies, but not dramatically so. Anxiety or depression and trauma symptoms were predicted by young age, presence of children in the home, and high estimates of personal risk. Anxiety and depression were also predicted by low income, loss of income and pre-existing health conditions in self and others. Specific anxiety about COVID-19 was greater in older participants.

Conclusions
This study showed a modest increase in the prevalence of mental health problems in the early stages of the pandemic, and these problems were predicted by several specific COVID-related variables. Further similar surveys, particularly of those with children at home, are required as the pandemic progresses.
A protocol to assess the risk of dementia among patients with coronary artery diseases using CAIDE score
Authors: Omi Fardina Rahman , Barua Lingkan , Banik Palash Chandra , Faruque Mithila 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The impact of coronary artery disease (CAD) on the later development of dementia is not well studied globally. Therefore, this study aims to determine the long-term risk of dementia using a mobile application-based tool in addition to elucidating the contributing factors among CAD patients. Protocol: This ongoing cross-sectional study is collecting data from 285 stable CAD patients admitted to the “Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital and Research Institute” for coronary revascularization from August 2019 to July 2020. The patients were recruited using a convenient sampling technique due to economic and logistical issues. Data were collected through a face-to-face interview using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Physical parameters (blood pressure and anthropometry) were measured while maintaining the adequate privacy of the patients. The biochemical parameters analyzed by the hospital lab were also collected. The next phase of this study involves the use of a mobile application-based tool, “The Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE)” risk score, to determine the risk factors associated with dementia. In addition, a descriptive statistical and inferential analysis will also be performed to determine the key contributing risk factors linked to the development of dementia. Ethics and dissemination: The study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Bangladesh University of Health Sciences. The results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, social media, online news portal, the internet, and various community/stakeholder engagement activities. Conclusion: As a baseline study of the country, this study will fill a key knowledge gap in the pathway to the development of better interventions for dementia in Bangladesh. Outcomes from this study will also help with raising awareness on the association of mental health-related issues with cardiovascular diseases so that an improved cardiac rehabilitation program can be implemented in Bangladesh.
Case Report: Acute lower limb ischemia in a recovered COVID-19 patient
Authors: Essa Rawand Abdulrahman , Ahmed Sirwan Khalid 
Published: October 2020

Arterial thrombosis is rarely reported in relation to COVID-19 patients. It occurs mostly in critical patients especially those with acute respiratory distress syndrome and patients in intensive care units. The cause of arterial thrombosis is mostly related to a cytokine storm. However, limited studies are available regarding arterial thrombosis in COVID-19 disease. Here, we present a case of lower limb ischemia in a moderately symptomatic COVID-19 patient in Iraq within three days after recovery from COVID-19. The patient presented with severe right lower limb pain, forefoot, cyanosed toes, and lower limb ischemia was diagnosed by physical examination and ultrasound. The patient was successfully treated by anticoagulant drugs. Our case alerts healthcare workers that they need to be more cautious of life threatening COVID-19 complications in order to begin early and effective preventive measures.
A general assessment on alcohol use and smoking within the framework of child protection in sport programmes
Authors: Uğurlu Aylin , Şahin Mustafa Yaşar 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to provide an analysis of policies regarding alcohol use and smoking within the scope of Child Protection in Sport Programmes. Documents of international and national sports organisations have been reviewed using a document analysis technique. Findings of the research have been used in the study by way of a content analysis method. National and international sports organisations have set up various alcohol and cigarette policies with the intention of preventing child abuse in sports environments by being a role model to children, encouraging children not to acquire bad habits and thereby creating a healthier society. Consequently, policies regarding alcohol use and smoking will be recommended as part of the child protection scheme within the sports system in Turkey.
Behavioral Disassociation of Perceived Sweet Taste Intensity and Hedonically Positive Palatability
Authors: Fonseca Esmeralda , Sandoval-Herrera Vicente , Simon Sidney A. , Gutierrez Ranier 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe intensity of sucrose (its perceived concentration) and its palatability (positive hedonic valence associated with ingestion) are two taste attributes that increase its attractiveness and overconsumption. Although both sensory attributes covary, in that increases in sucrose concentration leads to similar increases in its palatability, this covariation does not imply that they are part of the same process or whether they represent separate processes. Both these possibilities are considered in the literature. For this reason, we tested whether sucrose’s perceived intensity could be separated from its hedonically positive palatability. To address this issue, rats were trained in a sucrose intensity task to report the perceived intensity of a range of sucrose concentrations before and after its palatability was changed using a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) protocol. We found that the subjects’ performance remained essentially unchanged, although its palatability was changed from hedonically positive to negative. Overall, these data demonstrate that sucrose’s perceived intensity and its positive palatability can be dissociated, meaning that changes of one taste attribute render the other mostly unaffected. Thus, the intensity attribute is sufficient to inform the perceptual judgments of sucrose’s concentrations.
Al-Jazeera’s Talk Shows Treatment of the Saudi Journalist. Jamal Khashoggi’s Case
Authors: Salameh Rasha A. 
Published: October 2020

This paper attempts to evaluate Al-Jazeera Arabic Channel talk shows’ treatment of the Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi’s case by posing two main questions: the first deals with the amount of coverage granted to this issue. One of the research hypotheses arises here, namely that the coverage was remarkably intense, which may be explained by Al-Jazeera’s dedicated position on the issue. This is explored in this paper through analysis of content and by interviewing the director of news at Al-Jazeera channel, Asif al-Humaidi, and by surveying previous studies that have linked Al-Jazeera’s previous positions to Qatar’s official stand, particularly that the Khashoggi incident took place in the midst of the Qatari-Saudi political crisis. The research samples include four talk shows: “Without Borders,” “Beyond the News,” “Rest of the Story” and “Scenarios,” over the course of a month since Khashoggi’s disappearance. The analysis shows that Khashoggi’s case received 93% of the total coverage of the four programs during the monitoring period.
The second question deals with several items in the professionalism category, in terms of balancing time granted to the guests, and the degree of objectivity shown by the presenters during the dialogue. It was found that the rate of the presenters’ interventions during guests’ presentation was 57%, in addition to temptations utilized during the dialogues. Another question arises regarding the extent of hate speech in these talk shows, which amounts to 69.4%, by analyzing several items, most notably emotional mobilization, which rated 40.7%.