bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of total hip replacement in community based older adults: a cohort study
Authors: Mezhov Veronica , Laslett Laura L , Ahedi Harbeer , Blizzard C Leigh , Aspden Richard M , Gregory Jennifer S , Saunders Fiona R , Munugoda Ishanka P , Cai Guoqi , Cicuttini Flavia , Jones Graeme 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Hip osteoarthritis (OA) commonly affects older adults and leads to high morbidity. There is no preventative treatment available and total hip replacement (THR) is offered for end stage disease. Known predictors of THR include pain and radiographic OA. Hip structure has also been shown to worsen hip OA and predict THR. A better understanding of predictors of THR can aid in triaging patients and researching preventative strategies. The purpose of this study is to describe predictors of THR in community dwelling older adults.Methods At baseline, participants had assessment of radiographicOA and cam impingement (from pelvic radiographs), shape mode scores (from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)) and hip bone mineral density (BMD) (from DXA). After 2.6 and 5 years, participants reported hip pain using WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index), and had hip structural changes assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Risk of THR was analysed using mixed-effect Poisson regression.Results Incidence of THR for OA over 14 years was 5.0% (40 / 802). As expected, WOMAC hip pain and hip radiographic OA both predicted risk of THR. Additionally, shape mode 2 score (decreasing acetabular coverage) (RR 1.57 per SD; 95% CI 1.01-2.46), shape mode 4 score (non-spherical femoral head) (RR 0.65/SD; 95% CI 0.44-0.97), cam impingement (α >60°) (RR 2.66/SD; 95% CI 1.38-5.13), neck of femur BMD (RR 1.85/SD, 95% CI 1.4-2.44) and bone marrow lesions (BMLs) increased risk of THR (RR 5.62/unit; 95% CI 1.1 – 28.81). There was a trend for hip effusions to increase the risk of THR (RR 1.88/SD; 95% CI 0.24 to 14.78).Conclusion In addition to hip pain and radiographic hip OA, measures of hip shape, cam impingement, BMD and BMLs independently predict risk of THR. This supports the role of hip bone geometry and structure in the pathogenesis of end stage hip OA and has identified factors that can be used to improve prediction models for THR.
From Eat to trEat: Engineering the mitochondrial Eat1 enzyme for enhanced ethyl acetate production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kruis Aleksander J. , Bohnenkamp Anna Christina , Nap Bram , Nielsen Jochem , Mars Astrid E. , Wijffels Rene H. , Oost John van der , Kengen Servé W. M. , Weusthuis Ruud A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Genetic engineering of microorganisms has become a common practice to establish microbial cell factories for a wide range of compounds. Ethyl acetate is an industrial solvent that is used in several applications, mainly as a biodegradable organic solvent with low toxicity. While ethyl acetate is produced by several natural yeast species, the main mechanism of production has remained elusive until the discovery of Eat1 in Wickerhamomyces anomalus. Unlike other yeast alcohol acetyl transferases (AATs), Eat1 is located in the yeast mitochondria, suggesting that the coding sequence contains a mitochondrial pre-sequence. For expression in prokaryotic hosts such as E. coli, expression of heterologous proteins with eukaryotic signal sequences may not be optimal. Results: Unprocessed and synthetically truncated eat1 variants of Kluyveromyces marxianus and Wickerhamomyces anomalus have been compared in vitro regarding enzyme activity and stability. While the specific activity remained unaffected, half-life improved for several truncated variants. The same variants showed better performance regarding ethyl acetate production when expressed in E. coli. Conclusion: By analysing and predicting the N-terminal pre-sequences of different Eat1 proteins and systematically trimming them, the stability of the enzymes in-vitro could be improved, leading to an overall improvement of in-vivo ethyl acetate production in E. coli. Truncated variants of eat1 could therefore benefit future engineering approaches towards efficient ethyl acetate production.
Evaluation and transcriptome analysis of the novel oleaginous microalga Lobosphaera bisecta (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) for arachidonic acid production
Authors: Gao Baoyan , Huang Luodong , Lei Xueqing , Meng Ge , Liu Jianguo , Zhang Chengwu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background Microalgae can synthesize and accumulate various components that can be used in health supplements, pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and other bioproducts. Arachidonic acid (AA) is an omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid and is important for human health. The coccoid green microalga Lobosphaera bisecta SAG2043 has been reported to be able to accumulate high AA content under certain conditions. We evaluated the interactive effects of nitrogen concentration, light intensity, and medium replacement on the growth and accumulation of lipids and AA in this strain. We further performed transcriptome analysis on L. bisecta in order to elucidate the mechanism of AA and triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism under nitrogen deficiency. Results Nutrient management and light intensity had significant effects on the biomass and accumulation of lipids and AA in L. bisecta. Both a high nitrogen concentration (18 mM) and high light intensity (bilateral light-300 μmol m -2 s -1 ) were beneficial to the growth of L. bisecta, and the replacement of culture medium further enhanced the biomass, which eventually reached 8.9 g L -1 . Low nitrogen concentration (3.6 mM) and high light significantly promoted the accumulation of lipids and AA. The highest lipid and AA content reached 54.0% and 10.8% of dry weight, respectively. Lipid compositions analysis under low nitrogen concentration showed that neutral lipids comprised 86.5% of the total lipids, and 88.2% of AA was distributed within the neutral lipids. We then reconstructed the lipid metabolic pathways of L. bisecta for the first time, and demonstrated that upregulation of a key desaturase and elongase in the Δ6 pathway was conducive to the accumulation of fatty acids toward AA synthesis. The synthesis of oleic acid, especially, ensured an adequate supply of precursor for AA synthesis. In addition, crucial genes within the TAG synthesis pathway were also up-regulated. Conclusion L. bisecta SAG2043 exhibits rapid growth, and high lipid and AA production. It may be a potential candidate for AA production. Transcriptome analysis showed that multi-level regulation ensured the conversion efficiency from carbon to the synthesis of fatty acids, which significantly promoted the accumulation of AA and TAG in L. bisecta.
Modulation of gut microbiota through nutritional interventions in Behçet's syndrome patients (the MAMBA study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: PAGLIAI Giuditta , DINU Monica , FIORILLO Claudia , BECATTI Matteo , TURRONI Silvia , EMMI Giacomo , SOFI Francesco 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by a wide range of potential clinical manifestations. Recent evidences suggest that the gut microbiota (GM) in BS shows low biodiversity with a significant depletion in butyrate producers. The aim of the present project is to investigate whether a dietary intervention could ameliorate the clinical manifestations and modulate the GM of patients with BS.Methods This is a randomized, open, cross-over study involving 90 BS patients who will be randomized to follow a 3-months dietary profile with either: lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (VD), Mediterranean diet (MD) or Mediterranean diet supplemented with butyrate (MD-Bt). The VD will contain inulin and resistant starch-rich foods, eggs and dairy, in addition to plant-based food, but will not contain meat, poultry or fish. The MD will contain all food categories and will provide 2 portions per week of fish and 3 portions per week of fresh and processed meat. The MD-Bt will be similar to the MD but supplemented with 1.8 g/day of oral butyrate. The three different dietary patterns will be isocaloric and related to subject’s nutritional requirements. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, blood and fecal samples will be obtained from each participant at the beginning and at the end of each intervention phase. The primary outcomes will be represented by the change from baseline of the BS gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms. Changes from baseline of GM composition, SCFA production, inflammatory and antioxidant profile will be considered as secondary outcomes.Discussion BS is a rare disease, and, actually, not all the available treatments are target therapies. A supportive treatment based on dietary and lifestyle issues, able to restore immune system homeostasis, could have a high impact on costs sustainability for the treatment of such a chronic and disabling inflammatory condition.
Characteristics of nasal and intestinal microbiota and effects of probiotics intervention in highly exposed people with PM2.5: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study
Authors: Wu Yongcan , Pei Caixia , Wang Xiaomin , Wang Mingjie , Huang Demei , Xiao Wei , Wang Fei , Wang Zhenxing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Extended exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 changes the human microbiota profile, which in turn may increase morbidity and mortality due to respiratory system damage. A balanced microecosystem is crucial to human health, and certain health-related problems may be addressed by effective microecosystem regulation. Recent studies have confirmed that probiotics may reduce the incidence of respiratory diseases. However, few studies have investigated probiotic treatment outcomes in subjects exposed to high concentrations of PM2.5. Methods: This study is designed as a prospective, 2×2 factorial, randomized, participants- and assessor-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. One hundred and twenty eligible volunteers recruited from October 2019 to July 2020 in downtown Chengdu, China will be treated with either probiotics or placebo over 4 consecutive weeks. The primary outcome will be 16SrRNA sequencing assay data from nasal and intestinal secretions. Secondary outcomes will be pulmonary function, score on a gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, COOP/WONCA charts, and the Short-Form Health Survey 36 for quality of life. Results will be analysed to assess differences in clinical efficacy between groups. Six-month follow-up examinations will evaluate the long-term value of probiotics on cardiovascular and respiratory disease end-point events. Discussion: We will explore the characteristics of nasal and intestinal microbiota in a population with high exposure to PM2.5. Probiotics and placebo interventions will be tested for efficacy in microbial balance regulation, effects on lung and physical functions, and quality of life improvement. This study is expected to provide reliable evidence to support the widespread promotion of probiotics in clinical practice for the protection of individuals with high exposure to PM2.5.
Pharmacodynamic comparison of different antimicrobial regimens against Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections with elevated vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration
Authors: Costa Thaina Miranda da , Cuba Gabriel Trova , Morgado Priscylla Guimarães Migueres , Nicolau David P. , Nouér Simone Aranha , Santos Kátia Regina Netto dos , Kiffer Carlos Roberto Veiga 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of bloodstream infections (BSI) worldwide, representing a major challenge for public health due to its resistance profile. Higher vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in S. aureus are associated with treatment failure and defining optimal empiric options for BSIs in settings where these isolates are prevalent is rather challenging. I n silico pharmacodynamic models based on stochastic simulations (Monte Carlo) are important tools to estimate best antimicrobial regimens in different scenarios. We aimed to compare the pharmacodynamic profiles of different antimicrobials regimens for the treatment of S. aureus BSI in an environment with high vancomycin MIC . Methods: Steady-state drug area under the curve ratio to MIC (AUC⁄MIC) or the percent time above MIC ( f T>MIC) were modeled using a 5000-patient Monte Carlo simulation to achieve pharmacodynamic exposures against 110 consecutive S. aureus isolates associated with BSI. Results: Cumulative fractions of response (CFRs) against all S. aureus isolates were 98% for ceftaroline; 79% and 92% for daptomycin 6 mg/kg q24h and for the high dose of 10 mg/kg q24h, respectively; 77% for linezolid 600 mg q12h when MIC was read according to CLSI M100-S26 instructions, and 64% when MIC was considered at the total growth inhibition; 65% and 86% for teicoplanin, three loading doses of 400 mg every 12h followed by 400 mg every 24h and for teicoplanin 400 mg every 12h, respectively; 61% and 76% for vancomycin 1000 mg every 12h and every 8h, respectively. Conclusions: Based on this model, ceftaroline and high-dose daptomycin regimens delivered best pharmacodynamic exposures against S. aureus BSIs. Teicoplanin higher dose regimen achieved the best CFR (86%) among glycopeptides, although optimal threshold was not achieved, and vancomycin performance was critically affected by the S. aureus vancomycin MIC ≥ 2 mg/L. Linezolid effectiveness (CFR of 73%) is also affected by high prevalence of isolates with linezolid MIC ≥ 2 mg/L. These data show the need to continually evaluate the pharmacodynamic profiles of antimicrobials for empiric treatment of these infections.
Effect of dexmedetomidine on prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric strabismus surgery: A randomized controlled study
Authors: li shuangshuang , Liu Tingjie , Xia Junming , Jia Jie , Li Wenxian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background : Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common side-effects following strabismus surgery. The present study aimed to compare the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on PONV incidence in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery. Methods : In this prospective randomized double-blinded study, 126 pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery were randomized into one of three groups: Placebo group, normal saline; DEX1 group, 0.3 ug/kg dexmedetomidine, and DEX2 group, 0.5 ug/kg dexmedetomidine. Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) events were recorded during surgery. PONV or postoperative vomiting (POV) was recorded for 24 hours in the ward. Pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) scale and emergence agitation (EA) scale were recorded in the recovery room. Results : Intraoperative OCR was significantly reduced in DEX2 group (42%) as compared to that of Placebo group (68%) (p=0.0146). During the first 24 hours post-op, the overall incidence of PONV was significantly lower in DEX2 group (10%) than that of Placebo group (32%) (p=0.0142). There was no significant difference in POV among the three groups. PAED or EA scores among the three groups were similar during recovery time. Conclusion : Dexmedetomidine (0.5 ug/kg) reduced OCR and PONV without lengthening extubation time or recovery time in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery.
Genome sequencing of Mycobacterium pinnipedii strains: genetic characterization and evidence of superinfection in a South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens)
Authors: Pereira Taiana Silva , Ikuta Cássia Y. , Zimpel Cristina K. , Camargo Naila C. S. , Filho Antônio F. de Souza , Neto José S. Ferreira , Heinemann Marcos B. , Guimarães Ana M. S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Mycobacterium pinnipedii , a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC), is capable of infecting several host species, including humans. Recently, ancient DNA from this organism was recovered from pre-Columbian mummies of Peru, sparking debate over the origin and frequency of tuberculosis in the Americas prior to European colonization. Results: We present the first comparative genomic study of this bacterial species, starting from the genome sequencing of two M. pinnipedii isolates (MP1 and MP2) obtained from different organs of a stranded South American sea lion. Our results indicate that MP1 and MP2 differ by 113 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and 46 indels, constituting the first report of a mixed-strain infection in a sea lion. SNP annotation analyses indicate that genes of the VapBC family, a toxin-antitoxin system, and genes related to cell wall remodeling are under evolutionary pressure for protein sequence change in these strains. OrthoMCL analysis with seven modern isolates of M. pinnipedii shows that these strains have highly similar proteomes. Gene variations were only marginally associated with hypothetical proteins and PE/PPE (proline-glutamate and proline-proline-glutamate, respectively) gene families. We also detected large deletions in ancient and modern M. pinnipedii strains, including a few occurring only in modern strains, indicating a process of genome reduction occurring over the past one thousand years. Our phylogenomic analyses suggest the existence of two modern clusters of M. pinnipedii associated with geographic location, and possibly host species, and one basal node associated with the ancient M. pinnipedii strains. Previously described MiD3 and MiD4 deletions may have occurred independently, twice, over the evolutionary course of the MTBC. Conclusion: The presence of superinfection (i.e. mixed-strain infection) in this sea lion suggests that M. pinnipedii is highly endemic in this population. Mycobacterium pinnipedii proteomes of the studied isolates showed a high degree of conservation, despite being under genomic decay when compared to M. tuberculosis. This finding indicates that further genomes need to be sequenced and analyzed to increase the chances of finding variably present genes among strains or that M. pinnipedii genome remodeling occurred prior to bacterial speciation.
La antropología del conocimiento de K-O Apel desde la perspectiva de la relación entre fuerza y significado
Authors: Bertorello Adrián 
Published: December 2019

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar que el proyecto de una antropología del conocimiento de K-O Apel se sitúa en la tradición de la lógica hermenéutica desarrollada por la lógica de Göttingen (Misch, Lipps, König). Esta afirmación se puede documentar a partir del modo en que Apel concibe las relaciones entre el Leibapriori) y el Erkenntnisapriori. En dos textos de los años sesenta Apel formula la relación entre cuerpo y conocimiento como una polarización de fuerzas opuestas. Cuarenta años más tarde cambia de perspectiva y la presenta como una relación tensiva de rivalidad. De esta manera Apel recoge en su propia argumentación un tema central de la lógica hermenéutica, a saber, la concepción de la vida como una mediación entre fuerza y significado.
Pengenalan Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Dengan Marker-Based Augmented Reality
Authors: Nur’aini Siti , Mukaromah Arnia Sari , Muhlisoh Siti 
Published: December 2019

<p>Proses belajar yang baik harus memuat aspek interaktif, memotivasi, menyenangkan dan memberikan ruang bagi siswa untuk dapat mengembangkan kreativitas dan kemandirian. Siswa kadangkala merasa kesulitan pada saat mengillustrasikan isi pembelajaran yang berupa pengetahuan konsep dan prosedur. Dalam pelajaran biologi, materi terkait konsep dasar struktur <em>Deoxyribonucleic Acid</em> (DNA) merupakan materi yang bersifat teoritik dan abstrak. Pemahaman konsep seperti ini memerlukan penggambaran dan modelling yang lebih realistik agar mudah dipahami. Visualisasi dari sumber belajar dan media belajar yang ada sudah dapat membantu mempermudah pemahaman konsep, tetapi variasi media yang lebih nyata, menarik, dan kekinian diharapkan dapat lebih meningkatkan minat siswa. Pengembangan aplikasi <em>Augmented Reality </em>dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif media pembelajaran DNA. Aplikasi ini dikembangkan dengan metode ADDIE menggunakan Unity3D dan Vuforia. Hasil pengujian fungsional menunjukkan semua fitur dapat berjalan dengan baik sesuai dengan kebutuhan di berbagai versi sistem operasi android. Sedangkan pengujian usability menunjukkan kepuasan mahasiswa sebanyak 86% yang artinya aplikasi ini dapat membantu mahasiswa dalam memahami materi DNA.</p>
Análise ambiental de nascentes no perímetro urbano de Soledade (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil)
Authors: VIVIAN Luiz Antônio Nicolodi , PRESTES Marta Martins Barbosa , RICHTER Marc , COSTA Erli Schneider , LARA Daniela Mueller 
Published: December 2019

A degradação ambiental é um problema que se intensifica a cada ano sendo que um dos principais resultados é a redução de água potável disponível para consumo humano. A preservação das nascentes é de extrema importância para a recarga dos aquíferos e para garantia da quantidade e da qualidade da água disponível. Este trabalho teve como objetivo mapear e analisar a situação ambiental de nascentes no perímetro urbano de Soledade (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), por meio de imagens de satélites, sistemas de informações geográficas, e visitação in loco para a realização do diagnóstico ambiental. Utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa-ação. Para o mapeamento das nascentes foram usados o Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIGs) e o software de geoprocessamento ArcGis. Todas as nascentes foram visitadas e a análise ambiental levou em consideração os critérios: tipo de nascente, grau de conservação, proximidade com residências, acesso antrópico, presença de animais domésticos e de resíduos sólidos. Foram identificadas 31 nascentes, sendo 18 classificadas como degradadas, 10 como perturbadas, duas (2) estavam canalizadas e apenas uma (1) preservada. A ausência de vegetação, o depósito irregular de resíduos sólidos, o cultivo de espécies exóticas (eucalipto), a proximidade de residências, o uso das nascentes para dessedentação animal, a proximidade de lavouras e de rodovias, o aterramento e a canalização de nascentes para loteamento foram os principais fatores de impacto as Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) das nascentes. Vale lembrar que a água é considerada pela ONU como um dos pontos prioritários para garantir o desenvolvimento sustentável, sendo o suprimento potável e a quantidade adequada de água um recurso chave para a garantia do desenvolvimento social e econômico. Sendo assim este estudo recomenda que a municipalidade de Soledade invista em ações de educação ambiental e capacitação dos gestores; priorize a definição de políticas públicas que promovam e incentivem a preservação das áreas de nascentes e, ao mesmo tempo adote medidas para recuperação das APPs. Recomenda-se ainda que os dados aqui apresentados sejam como subsídios para o planejamento da expansão urbana por meio da definição de áreas passíveis de ocupação e delimitação das áreas de preservação ambiental. Além de uma economia gerada a médio e longo prazo ao garantir água potável com menor necessidade de tratamento o município estaria contribuindo com a Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável e se posicionando a frente de outras municipalidades que ainda não realizam ações voltadas para este objetivo.