bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of bone architecture following sleeve gastrectomy: a five-year follow-up
Authors: Maïmoun Laurent , Aouinti Safa , Puech Marion , Lefebvre Patrick , Humbert Ludovic , Deloze Mélanie , de Santa Barbara Pascal , Maïmoun-Nande Lisa , Boudousq Vincent , Cristol Jean-Paul , Renard Eric , Picot Marie-Christine , Mariano-Goulart Denis , Nocca David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bariatric surgery induces a decrease in areal BMD (aBMD), but the long-term effect on trabecular and cortical volumetric BMD (vBMD) has not been well assessed. The main aim of this 5-yr longitudinal study was to investigate the changes following sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in aBMD, bone turnover markers, and trabecular and cortical vBMD. Forty-five patients with obesity were assessed before and 1, 2, and 5 yr after SG. Trabecular and cortical vBMD, cortical thickness, and structural parameters were assessed by 3D-Shaper software at the hip. Values of bone turnover markers peaked after 1 yr and decreased after 2 and 5 yr, but without returning to baseline values. aBMD decreased mostly at the femoral neck (−9.7%) and total hip (−10.7%) over the 5 yr, with the greatest loss occurring at 1 yr (−5.9% and −6.3%, respectively). A similar profile of decrease was observed for integral hip vBMD with significant decreases of 6.6%, 7.7%, and 10.7% after 1, 2, and 5 yr, mainly due to a reduction in the trabecular (10.5%, 12.0%, and 17.2%, respectively) rather than cortical (1.4%, 1.9%, and 2.9%, respectively) component. A modest decrease in mean cortical thickness (2.5%, 2.8%, and 3.9%, respectively) and an alteration in the structural parameters were concomitantly observed. Older age and greater body weight loss were the factors most associated with an increased loss of aBMD and vBMD. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that SG induces not only an alteration in bone turnover and aBMD, but also a reduction in vBMD at the hip, predominantly due to trabecular component deterioration as determined by 3D-Shaper software. The maintenance of bone deterioration for at least 5 yr—ie, after 4 yr of relative body weight stabilization or minimal weight regain—suggests the need for a therapeutic approach to preserve bone health in patients who undergo SG.
Supporting trade negotiations with sustainable development impact assessments
Authors: Rolland Sonia E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Concerns regarding equitable design of the trade governance system call for complex answers. One element of this reflection is to better assess the potential impacts of prospective trade commitments. Over the past three decades, models used to estimate potential gains from trade have overstated the gains and have failed to adequately account for the costs such as loss of tariff revenue, loss of market access, administrative costs, opportunity costs of directing government resources to trade administration, and more. This essay argues that a comprehensive approach to estimating the impacts of trade disciplines, particularly with respect to social and sustainability issues, could improve the outcomes of trade negotiations as well as the implementation of agreed-upon disciplines, particularly for developing countries. Specifically, sustainable development impact assessments could help developing countries build capacity and identify their policy needs ahead of trade negotiations as well as inform the course of negotiations. Once benefits and costs are better assessed, negotiations could focus on the allocation of these developmental and implementation impacts, particularly for the lowest-income and most capacity-constrained countries.
Tailored management strategies for IgA nephropathy based on clinical presentations
Authors: Praga Manuel , Caravaca-Fontán Fernando , Da Silva Iara , Fernández-Juárez Gema , Gutiérrez Eduardo , Sevillano Angel M , Trimarchi Hernan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The treatment landscape for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is rapidly evolving with the introduction of novel therapies targeting diverse disease pathways. Some have already been approved in different countries, while others are under investigation in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with encouraging results. However, almost all performed RCTs have included only patients with refractory non-nephrotic proteinuria and preserved renal function. Other clinical presentations (rapidly progressive forms, malignant hypertension, thrombotic microangiopathy, nephrotic syndrome) have received less attention and are systematically excluded from RCTs. On the other hand, certain aspects, such as the impact of hematuria or the management in special populations (e.g. pregnant patients or transplant recipients), remain underexplored. This review proposes therapeutic algorithms to guide treatment decisions in different clinical scenarios, while highlighting gaps in current research.
The Epigraphic Culture of the Greek Cities in the Roman East
Authors: Chaniotis Angelos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, four significant aspects of the ‘epigraphic culture’ in the cities of the Roman East are discussed: innovation (the new factors that shaped the production of inscriptions and new types of inscriptions), diversity (the heterogeneous social background of the ‘producers’ of epigraphic texts), monumentalization (the presentation of literary and philosophical texts in stone inscriptions), and sophistication (the use of sophisticated rhetorical and visual media, in order to attract the attention of readers and viewers and arouse emotions). Similar phenomena are known before the Imperial period, but only sporadically. The common denominator of the main types of inscriptions in the cities of the Roman East is commemoration: the ability of inscriptions to give durability to ephemeral experiences.
Security, Military Culture, and Public Order
Authors: Fuhrmann Christopher J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the personnel who maintained security in Greek cities under Roman rule, focusing on the early Imperial period. The council and magistrates exercised their jurisdictions with enough autonomy to address routine criminality. Many Greek cities had specialized police officials; of special note are the eirenarchs and paraphylakes who patrolled the rural territory around their city. The impact of the emperor and of Roman governors is each considered in turn, with attention to pre-Imperial periods (Classical, Hellenistic, Republican) and the problem of corruption throughout. The reign of Augustus emerges as a significant turning point in Greek history, because of the imperial system he developed and its effect on Rome’s efforts to maintain public order among its Greek subjects. Finally, Roman soldiers acting as police in the Greek provinces were a significant factor in many areas. Surprisingly, Roman rule and the growth of military policing did not impede civic policing.
Indigenous Archaeologists and Cultural Heritage Professionals: Perceptions and Experiences from Australia and Aotearoa (New Zealand)
Authors: Poelina-Hunter Emily , Rika-Heke Margaret , Willika Jasmine , Pollard Kellie , Kaotea Des , Roberts Zac 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Indigenous archaeologists and cultural heritage professionals live in two worlds—as practitioners of a deeply colonial discipline and as Indigenous persons who have been brought up with Indigenous values and beliefs, as well as with responsibilities to their communities. This article explores the journeys that have been undertaken by Indigenous people who are archaeologists and/or cultural heritage professionals from Australia and Aotearoa (New Zealand). Using Indigenous standpoint theory, the coauthors share honest reflections from their lived experiences as university students through to becoming working professionals.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging of Brain Plasticity
Authors: Li Yao , Li Yudu , Liang Zhi-Pei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and their applications in the study of brain plasticity, with a focus on key metabolic biomarkers related to neuroplasticity and recent technological advances. The fundamental principles of MRS and MRSI and their capabilities for estimating brain metabolites are first described, followed by a review of the progress of MRSI as a neuroimaging tool. MRS/MRSI studies of neuroplasticity in the developing brain, in brain injury, and in the context of neuromodulation are also discussed. The chapter concludes by pointing to recent advances in ultrafast, high-resolution whole-brain MRSI, which are expected to provide further insights into the molecular foundations of brain plasticity in future research.
Integrating bioinformatics and machine learning to unravel shared mechanisms and biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jiran Shen , Jiling Wang , Sijing Zhou , Binbin Zhang , Pulin Li , Rui Han , Guanghe Fei , Chao Cao , Ran Wang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are on the rise. While there is evidence of a link between the two diseases, the pathophysiological mechanisms they share are not fully understood.

Methods
In this study, the co-expressed genes of COPD and T2DM in Gene Expression Omnibus database were identified by bioinformatics method, and the functional enrichment analysis was performed. Machine learning algorithms were used to identify biomarkers. The diagnostic value of these biomarkers was assessed by receiver operating characteristic analysis, and their relationship to immune cells was investigated by immunoinfiltration analysis. Finally, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed.

Results
A total of five overlapping genes were obtained, focusing on pathways associated with insulin resistance and inflammatory mediators. The machine learning method identified three biomarkers: matrix metalloproteinase 9, laminin α4, and differentially expressed in normal cells and neoplasia domain containing 4 C, all of which were shown to have high diagnostic values by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Immunoinfiltration analysis showed that it was associated with a variety of immune cells. In addition, the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results confirmed agreement with our bioinformatics analysis.

Conclusions
Our study sheds light on the common pathogenesis and biomarkers of both diseases, and these findings have potential implications for the development of new diagnostic and treatment strategies for COPD and T2DM.
Key message What is already known on this topic? Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often coexist as comorbidities. However, the exact mechanistic link between the two diseases remains complex, multifactorial, and not fully understood. What this study adds? Three biomarkers, including matrix metalloproteinase, laminin α4, and differentially expressed in normal cells and neoplasia domain containing 4 C, were identified as key co-expression hub genes in COPD and T2DM. How this study might affect research, practice or policy? Future studies may benefit from incorporating a larger sample set to further explore and validate the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of these core genes.
Homological stability for spaces of subsurfaces with a tangential structure
Authors: Kastenholz Thorben 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Given a manifold with a boundary, one can consider the space of subsurfaces of this manifold meeting the boundary in a prescribed fashion. It is known that these spaces of subsurfaces satisfy homological stability if the manifold has at least dimension five and is simply connected. We introduce a notion of tangential structure for subsurfaces and give a general criterion for when the space of subsurfaces with a tangential structure satisfies homological stability, provided that the manifold is simply connected and has dimension $n\geq 5$. Examples of tangential structures such that the spaces of subsurface with that tangential structure satisfy homological stability are framings or spin structures of their tangent bundle or k-frames of the normal bundle, provided that $k\leq n-2$. Furthermore we introduce spaces of pointedly embedded subsurfaces and construct stabilization maps, as well as prove homological stability for these. This is used to prove homological stability for spaces of symplectic subsurfaces.
The Application of a New Framework Construction Technique in Autologous Costal Cartilage Rhinoplasty
Authors: Gu Qinhao , Li Jingyu , Fu Zexin , Wang Ji , Feng Xiao , Sun Yi , Yan Sheng , Jin Peihong , Wu Sufan 
Published: December 2024

Background:
In this study, the clinical efficacy of a new framework construction technique for costal cartilage rhinoplasty was investigated.

Methods:
From January 2020 to February 2022, patients who underwent rhinoplasty in the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital were enrolled. The sixth costal cartilage was made into the nasal columellar support graft (strut), the nasal tip graft integrated scaffold, and the septal extension grafts. The strut and septal extension grafts were sutured to construct the framework. Adobe Photoshop 6.0 was used to measure a series of aesthetic indices preoperatively and at 9 months postoperatively, including the nasal length, tip projection, nasofrontal angle, columellar/lobular angle, and nasolabial angle. The visual analog scale score and rhinoplasty outcome evaluation score were used to assess patient satisfaction. A paired t test was used for data analysis, and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.

Results:
A total of 65 patients aged 19–43 years (average age 26.0 y) were enrolled. No short-term complications occurred. All patients were followed up for 9–23 months. There were statistically significant differences in all measurements (P < 0.05), which suggested that the aesthetic defects of the nose were corrected and that no obvious deflection or rotation of the nasal tip occurred. The visual analog scale score and rhinoplasty outcome evaluation score indicated a significant improvement in patient satisfaction (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
This new framework construction technique for costal cartilage rhinoplasty can reduce the risk of framework deflection and nasal tip rotation and provide a satisfactory nasal columellar shape.
Interleukin 8-CXCR2–mediated neutrophil extracellular trap formation in biliary atresia associated with neutrophil extracellular trap–induced stellate cell activation
Authors: Luo Yuhuan , Fraser Lisa , Jezykowski Julia , Gupta Nitika A. , Miethke Alexander G. , Taylor Sarah A. , Alonso Estella M. , Horslen Simon , Kohli Rohit , Molleston Jean P. , Kamath Binita M. , Guthery Stephen L. , Loomes Kathleen M. , Magee John C. , Rosenthal Phillip , Valentino Pamela , Sokol Ronald J. , Mack Cara L. ,   on behalf of the Childhood Liver Disease Research Network
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:
Biliary atresia (BA) entails an inflammatory sclerosing lesion of the biliary tree, with prominent fibrosis in infancy. Previous studies revealed that neutrophil-activating IL-8 and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) positively correlated with bilirubin and the risk of liver transplant. The aims of this study were to determine the mechanism of NET formation (NETosis) in BA and whether NETs induce stellate cell activation.

Approach and Results:
BA and other liver disease control plasma and tissue were obtained at diagnosis and transplant. Elastase, NETs, and IL-8 were quantified by ELISA for plasma and by immunohistochemistry for liver tissue. FACS analysis of neutrophils co-cultured with BA or control plasma measured BA-specific NETosis. Stellate cell activation from co-culture studies of stellate cells with NETs was measured by real-time quantitative PCR, ELISA, and FACS. Liver neutrophils and NETs, and plasma elastase, NETs, and IL-8, were significantly increased in BA at diagnosis and transplant. Normal neutrophils co-cultured with BA plasma had increased NETosis and activation of CXCR2, an IL-8 receptor; CXCR2 inhibition decreased NET production. Immunohistochemistry identified increased NET expression of profibrogenic tissue factor and IL-17. NETs co-cultured with stellate cells resulted in stellate cell activation based on increased ACTA2 and COL1A1 mRNA, collagen protein, and cell surface expression of actin, collagen1A, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta.

Conclusions:
Patients with BA have persistent IL-8-CXCR2–mediated NETosis that correlates with biomarkers of injury and fibrosis, and NETs induce stellate cell activation, suggesting a role for NETs in the immunopathogenesis of disease. Future investigations should focus on therapeutic agents that inhibit NETs in BA.
Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in angle closure
Authors: Chan Nicole Shu-Wen , Sng Chelvin C.A. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review
This review discusses the evidence on the efficacy, safety and role of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) in eyes with angle closure glaucoma. While cataract surgery remains the most established surgical treatment for primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), the intraocular pressure (IOP) may remain elevated after cataract surgery despite open angles due to trabecular meshwork damage from chronic iridotrabecular contact.

Recent findings
There is emerging evidence that combining cataract surgery with MIGS in eyes with PACG, though an off-label indication for some MIGS devices, can achieve greater IOP and glaucoma medication reduction than cataract surgery alone.

Summary
Trabecular bypass MIGS procedures and less destructive forms of ciliary body treatment have been shown to be effective in PACG and are safer alternatives to traditional incisional surgeries. Evidence for the use of subconjunctival MIGS and suprachoroidal MIGS in angle closure eyes is lacking at present, and further investigation is indicated.
Prosthesis and health-related factors of mobility in people with nontraumatic unilateral transtibial amputation
Authors: Alavi Tahereh , Jalali Maryam , Farahmand Behshid , Babaee Taher 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Numerous factors can affect mobility of individuals with lower limb amputation, including prosthesis-dependent, physical and psychological determinants.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the prosthesis and health-related factors of mobility in people with nontraumatic unilateral transtibial amputation.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional observational study.

Methods:
Individuals with nontraumatic unilateral transtibial amputation who are using a prosthetic leg were included. All participants were asked to fill out the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire, 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), Comprehensive Lower Limb Amputee Socket Survey, and 12-item Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility. The relationships between the variables of interest and mobility were investigated using correlation coefficient analyses. Multiple regression analysis was run to investigate the impact of a set of predictor variables on mobility.

Results:
A total of 168 people with lower limb amputation were included. Mobility had a significant association with age, comorbidity, occupation, Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire score, physical and mental component scores of SF-12, subscales of the Comprehensive Lower Limb Amputee Socket Survey, educational status, amputation cause, time since amputation, time since using the prosthesis, and socket insert type. In the final model of multiple regression analysis, the Physical Component Summary score of SF-12 showed the strongest predictor of mobility (beta = 0.40, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Nonprosthetic factors play a significant role in mobility of people with nontraumatic unilateral transtibial amputation. Although some predictors, such as age and time since amputation, are immutable, clinicians may still enhance the mobility of this population through the utilization of health-related factors, such as improving their physical activity.
Cognitive Impairment and Brain Metabolic Changes in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19
Authors: Rozenblum Laura , Debroucker Thomas , Habert Marie-Odile , Soret Marine , Desarnaud Serge , Lemercier Valérie Causse , Guedj Eric , Marshall Esaie , Salmon Dominique , Kas Aurélie 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Neurological symptoms often prominent in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) necessitate deeper understanding. Our objective was to investigate brain metabolism in PASC and examine correlations with neurological symptoms during both the acute and chronic stages.

Methods
Eighty-seven adults experiencing PASC with neurocognitive symptoms were recruited in the PERSICOR prospective study and examined using brain [18F]FDG PET/CT. Comprehensive clinical variables including neurocognitive symptoms were evaluated. PET images were compared voxel-wise with SPM12 software (P < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected) and volume-of-interest basis (BrainVisa software) with those of 55 healthy controls recruited before COVID-19 pandemic. We also investigated differences in brain metabolism according to the time interval after acute COVID-19. The correlation between brain metabolism and neurocognitive symptoms was assessed.

Results
Frequently reported neurological symptoms included concentration difficulties (79%) and immediate/working memory impairments (66%). Significant hypometabolism was identified in regions previously identified in PASC: left fusiform gyrus (33% of patients), amygdala (23% on left, 28% on right), parahippocampal area (25% left, 24% right), and vermis (22%). The most substantial metabolism decreases were observed in the pons (5.5% decrease in the whole patient group vs controls) and right amygdala (−4.2%). Concentration and memory impairments correlated with decreased metabolism in prefrontal and mesial/inferior temporal areas, respectively (P < 0.01 for both). A shorter interval between PET imaging and the acute phase of COVID-19 correlated with reduced glucose metabolism in the brainstem, thalamus, mesiotemporal lobe, frontobasal cortex, and olfactory bulb (P < 10−3).

Conclusions
This study underscores the links between neurological symptoms and cerebral hypometabolism in specific regions in PASC. These findings illuminate the complex neuropathophysiological mechanisms of PASC and pave the way for potential therapeutic interventions.