bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine root respiration is more strongly correlated with root traits than tree species identity
Authors: Paradiso Eva , Jevon Fiona , Matthes Jaclyn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCarbon allocated to roots accounts for a large portion of net primary productivity, but the fate of that carbon is poorly understood. Absorptive fine roots are the primary way in which plants acquire nutrients. Previous studies have evaluated relationships among root morphological traits, including specific root length, root tissue density, and mycorrhizal colonization, across broad functional and taxonomic groups to test for the existence of a root economics spectrum (RES). Fine roots also release carbon dioxide through respiration, and other studies have found relationships between root morphological traits and root respiration within individual tree species. The objective of this study was to measure a suite of root traits in six co‐occurring temperate tree species that represent a diverse set of aboveground traits to determine whether and how root characteristics influenced root respiration both within and among species. At the Harvard Forest in Petersham, Massachusetts,USA, we measured fine root respiration, root morphology, percent colonization for ectomycorrhizal species, and carbon and nitrogen concentrations on 292 roots from six tree species in June and July 2018. We found that most fine root morphological characteristics varied nearly as much within each tree species as they did among the six species. Root traits were dynamic over time during the two months of our study, where the magnitude of weekly mean trait values varied 32–95% across the study period. Strong correlations among traits suggested trade‐offs on a spectrum from resource acquisition (long, thin, high‐nitrogen roots) to resource conservation (thick, dense, low‐nitrogen roots), and traits were not clustered by tree species within this spectrum. Along with temperature and weekly temporal variation, the resource acquisition strategy (long and thin roots that were high in nitrogen) was associated with higher root respiration, and this relationship was consistent among the six species. This study supported a strong link between the RES and respiration independent of species identity, which provides insight into functional axes for scaling root respiration from individual trees to the forest stand to better quantify belowground carbon flux.
Population dynamics ofRana sierraeat Dusy Basin: influence of non‐native predators, drought, and restoration potential
Authors: Wilkins Laetitia G. E. , Matthews Kathleen R. , Steel Zachary L. , Nusslé Sébastien C. , Carlson Stephanie M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Sierra Nevada yellow‐legged frog (Rana sierrae) was once an abundant and widely distributed amphibian in California's alpine ranges.Rana sierraeis adapted to high‐elevation, fishless habitats. Its adaptions are reflected in a unique life cycle that involves a flexible, extended juvenile phase due to the short growing season typical of its alpine habitat. However, today this species is critically endangered, and most populations have been extirpated from their native range. Here, we present an 18‐yr‐long demographic study of aR. sierraepopulation in 15 lakes at Dusy Basin in Kings Canyon National Park. We focused on the period leading up to the arrival of the pathogenic chytrid fungus,Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd), and the subsequent local extinction ofR. sierrae. We used N‐mixture abundance modeling, which accounts for detection probabilities, to quantify factors affecting frog abundance at different life stages. The abundance of subadult and adult frogs was negatively associated with the presence of introduced trout (Oncorhynchus mykissandO. aquabonita). Frog abundance in all life stages was positively associated with lake surface area. The propensity of lakes drying correlated negatively with abundance of eggs, subadults, and adults in the following year. Moreover, drought years, characterized by longer summers and less winter snowpack, led to higher rates of lakes drying. Finally, our results suggest that the frequency of such droughts in the region has increased since 1937. Increased frequency or severity of droughts is expected to decrease the value of shallow lakes for Sierra Nevada yellow‐legged frogs because these habitats are prone to drying. We discuss our results in terms of future restoration strategies, including reintroduction and probiotic treatment, in this changed and changing ecosystem.
An experimental study on the permeability changes of anthracite reservoirs in different depths of Qinshui Basin induced by supercritical CO2 injection
Authors: Jinlong Jia , Liwen Cao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGeological sequestration of supercritical CO2 (ScCO2) in deep coal seam has been considered as one of the most promising options for reducing greenhouse gas emission. The permeability of a coal seam, a key parameter estimating the CO2 injectivity, determines the success of ScCO2 storage in the deep coal seam. The deep coal seam has a low initial permeability and a further permeability loss induced by the adsorption‐swelling effects of coal during ScCO2 injection. This paper presents a set of measurements on the permeability changes of anthracite reservoirs in different depths of Qinshui Basin induced by ScCO2 injection. The results indicate that the change in anthracite permeability presents a negative exponential decrease with the buried depth increase. The depth of anthracite reservoir increases from 800 to 1400 m, and its permeability will decrease from 4.59 × 10−2 to 8.04 × 10−4 mD. The permeability change induced by ScCO2 injection is the combining effects of temperature, pressure, and adsorption‐swelling, and the permeability change can be described by a negative exponential model during ScCO2 injection to anthracite reservoir in different depths. The loss coefficient of permeability is up to three magnitudes induced by ScCO2 injection to the anthracite reservoir in the depth of 800 m, 2‐3 magnitudes in 1000‐1200 m, and 1‐2 magnitudes in 1400 m. Although the initial permeability of anthracite reservoirs in the same depth exists differences, the permeability loss coefficient almost has the same magnitudes induced by ScCO2 injection. Comparing with the permeability loss coefficient of the anthracite reservoir in different depths, the permeability variation of the shallow coal seam is more sensitive than the deep induced by ScCO2 injection. However, the deep coal seam has a relatively large fracture pressure, so the allowable ScCO2 injection pressure in the deep coal seam is greater than the shallow.
Bmal1‐deficiency affects glial synaptic coverage of the hippocampal mossy fiber synapse and the actin cytoskeleton in astrocytes
Authors: Ali Amira A. H. , Schwarz‐Herzke Beryl , Rollenhagen Astrid , Anstötz Max , Holub Martin , Lübke Joachim , Rose Christine R. , Schnittler Hans‐Joachim , von Gall Charlotte 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBmal1 is an essential component of the molecular clockwork, which drives circadian rhythms in cell function. In Bmal1‐deficient (Bmal1−/−) mice, chronodisruption is associated with cognitive deficits and progressive brain pathology including astrocytosis indicated by increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). However, relatively little is known about the impact of Bmal1‐deficiency on astrocyte morphology prior to astrocytosis. Therefore, in this study we analysed astrocyte morphology in young (6–8 weeks old) adult Bmal1−/− mice. At this age, overall GFAP immunoreactivity was not increased in Bmal1‐deficient mice. At the ultrastructural level, we found a decrease in the volume fraction of the fine astrocytic processes that cover the hippocampal mossy fiber synapse, suggesting an impairment of perisynaptic processes and their contribution to neurotransmission. For further analyses of actin cytoskeleton, which is essential for distal process formation, we used cultured Bmal1−/− astrocytes. Bmal1−/− astrocytes showed an impaired formation of actin stress fibers. Moreover, Bmal1−/− astrocytes showed reduced levels of the actin‐binding protein cortactin (CTTN). Cttn promoter region contains an E‐Box like element and chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that Cttn is a potential Bmal1 target gene. In addition, the level of GTP‐bound (active) Rho‐GTPase (Rho‐GTP) was reduced in Bmal1−/− astrocytes. In summary, our data demonstrate that Bmal1‐deficiency affects morphology of the fine astrocyte processes prior to strong upregulation of GFAP, presumably because of impaired Cttn expression and reduced Rho‐GTP activation. These morphological changes might result in altered synaptic function and, thereby, relate to cognitive deficits in chronodisruption.
Standardized residency training: An equalizer for residents at different hospitals in Shanghai, China?
Authors: He Yao , Qian Wenji , Shi Lu , Zhang Kan , Huang Jiayan 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe residency training programme in Shanghai is the first in China to become standardized; however, there has been no evidence that the programme equalizes training quality. This cross‐sectional study examined whether residents in all disciplines at different hospitals perceived equivalent improvement in professional competency after this programme.MethodsWe recruited all 2283 residents who enrolled in the programme in 2013. Before graduation, the residents reported their perceived competency improvement as the primary outcome and their hospital of residency, awareness of the programme's requirements and policies, and demographic information as explanatory variables. We ran multivariate linear regressions and mixed‐effect multilevel regression to examine whether the hospital type and the university affiliation were associated with perceived improvement.ResultsA total of 2208 residents completed the survey. Although the adjusted multilevel regression analysis showed that the improvement scores at tertiary specialty hospitals and tertiary general hospitals were lower than those at secondary general hospitals, the difference was not statistically significant. No variance in improvement scores could be explained by the hospital type or university affiliation.ConclusionReceiving residency training at hospitals that were traditionally less resourced did not compromise educational quality based on the perception of the residents.
Factors affecting dominant peak‐flow runoff‐generation mechanisms among five neighbouring granitic headwater catchments
Authors: Iwasaki Kenta , Katsuyama Masanori , Tani Makoto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe examined how and why dominant peak‐flow runoff‐generation mechanisms differ among neighbouring headwater catchments. We monitored runoff and groundwater levels and performed terrain analyses in a granitic second‐order catchment and its four neighbouring subcatchments in the Kiryu Experimental Watershed in Japan. Our analysis of lag times from peak rainfall to peak runoff suggests differences in the dominant peak‐flow runoff‐generation mechanisms among the five catchments. For two of the three zero‐order catchments, with few perennial groundwater bodies, subsurface flow from hillslopes was the dominant mechanism at some events. However, the dominant mechanisms were channel precipitation and riparian runoff at almost all events in first‐ and second‐order catchments and in the third zero‐order catchment, which has a large perennial groundwater body over a bedrock depression in the riparian zone. In this zero‐order catchment, the quick‐flow ratio was the smallest of the five catchments because subsurface flow from the hillslope was buffered at the riparian zone. These facts suggest that the channel length, riparian buffering, and hillslope connectivity were the factors governing the different dominant peak‐flow runoff‐generation mechanisms among the catchments. Riparian buffering was affected, not only by surface topography, but also by bedrock topography and bedrock groundwater (BGW) dynamics. Our findings indicate that both of BGW dynamics and topography are important for catchment classification, and the relative importance of topography increases with the change from baseflow to stormflow. Furthermore, mismatching between a geographic source and a flow path resulted in different catchment classifications depending on the approach. Therefore, multiple approaches during both baseflow and stormflow periods are necessary for catchment classification to apply information obtained from one headwater catchment to other headwater catchments within the same region.
Central bank's money market operations and daily stock returns
Authors: Chundakkadan Radeef , Sasidharan Subash 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between the central bank's daily money market operations in the form of Term Repo and Term Reverse Repo operations on stock returns using daily data. Unlike earlier studies, we use two new monetary measures, namely, Repo Spread and Reverse Repo Spread. Controlling for firm‐specific factors and time dummies and addressing endogeneity issue, we show that the central bank's money market operations have a significant effect on daily returns. Further, we also observe that the inclusion of these monetary variables improves the prediction of the stock returns.
P53‐regulated lncRNA uc061hsf.1 inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis in human esophageal squamous cell cancer
Authors: Yao Juan , Zhang Hao , Li Hua , Qian Rongyu , Liu Ping , Huang Junxing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely associated with cancer development and progression, making these lncRNAs potentially novel therapeutic targets. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential function of lncRNA‐uc061hsf.1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The expression of lncRNA‐uc061hsf.1 in ESCC tissues and cell lines was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis were detected via CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays. The interaction between p53 and lncRNA uc061hsf.1 was analyzed using luciferase reporter gene and qRT‐PCR. Through this approach, we identified the novel lncRNA uc061hsf.1, which was expressed in low level in ESCC and was correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor differentiation in ESCC patients. Knockdown or overexpression of lncRNA uc061hsf.1 in ESCC cells promoted or inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis, respectively. Mechanistically, lncRNA uc061hsf.1 was induced by p53, and luciferase reporter gene confirmed that lncRNA uc061hsf.1 was a direct transcriptional target of p53. We further found that uc061hsf.1 was able to regulate expression of the transcription factor FoxA1, thereby potentially influencing tumor cell migration. In conclusion, these results suggest that p53‐regulated lncRNA uc061hsf.1 is a cancer suppressor gene which is associated with tumor progression in ESCC.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Total and Free Erdafitinib in Adult Healthy Volunteers and Cancer Patients: Analysis of Phase 1 and Phase 2 Studies
Authors: Dosne Anne‐Gaelle , Valade Elodie , Stuyckens Kim , Li Lilian Y. , Ouellet Daniele , Perez‐Ruixo Juan Jose 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed using data pooled from 6 clinical studies (3 in healthy volunteers and 3 in cancer patients) to characterize total and free plasma concentrations of erdafitinib following single‐ and multiple‐dose administration, to understand clinically relevant covariates, and to quantify the inter‐ and intraindividual variability in erdafitinib PK. An open, linear, 3‐compartment disposition model with first‐order absorption and a lag time was used to describe the PK profile of total and free erdafitinib plasma concentrations. The PK of erdafitinib were linear and time independent. After oral administration, erdafitinib was rapidly absorbed, with a time to maximum concentration between 2 and 4 hours. In patients, erdafitinib total apparent oral clearance was 0.200 L/h (median free fraction = 0.24%), and the effective terminal half‐life of total drug was 76.4 hours. Interindividual variability in PK parameters was moderate for oral clearance and central volume of distribution, and large for absorption rate and peripheral volume of distribution. Sex and renal function were significant covariates on free oral clearance, while weight, sex, and α1‐acid‐glycoprotein were significant on oral central volume of distribution. Age, race, and mild hepatic impairment were not significant covariates of erdafitinib exposure. Given that the magnitude of the covariate effects were within 25% of reference values and that the recommended dosing regimen of erdafitinib comprises individual dose up‐titrations and reductions based on presence or absence of toxicities, the clinical relevance of the investigated covariates is expected to be limited, and no dose adjustments are warranted.
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel tetralin‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine hybrids as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Hamza Eman Kh. , Hamdy Nehal A. , Zarie Eman S. , Fakhr Issa M.I. , Elwahy Ahmed H.M. , Awad Hanem M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNew hybrids of tetralin‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine were synthesized in good yields. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, NMR, MS, and elemental analyses. Some of the new compounds were in vitro evaluated as antiproliferative candidates against two human cancer cell lines (HCT116 and MCF‐7). Most of the examined derivatives showed promising anticancer activity.
Low seroprevalence and zero incidence rate of hepatitis E in men who have sex with men during a hepatitis A outbreak
Authors: Rodríguez‐Tajes Sergio , Perpiñán Elena , Leonel Thais , Lens Sabela , Mariño Zoe , Pérez‐del‐Pulgar Sofía , García‐López Mireia , Pocurull Anna , Koutsoudakis George , Forns Xavier 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are both secreted in feces. Despite HEV transmission in Europe is mainly zoonotic, person‐to‐person transmission has not been completely excluded. Men who have sex with men (MSM) constitute a high‐risk group for HAV mostly due to oral sex. We investigated the potential transmission of HEV during an acute hepatitis A (AHA) outbreak mainly affecting MSM. One hundred and two patients were diagnosed with AHA. Sixty‐nine (68%) self‐reported to be MSM, 75% of whom had high‐risk sexual behaviors and 46% had suffered previous sexually transmitted diseases. We collected serum from 85 (83%) patients during AHA. HEV‐IgG seroprevalence was not different among MSM (7%) compared with non‐MSM (8%) patients. Two patients had positive anti‐HEV‐IgM, but all samples tested negative for HEV‐RNA. These results suggest that HEV does not spread by sexual contact or person‐to‐person in our area.
Performance analysis of microchannel with different pin fin layouts
Authors: Jadhav Subhash V. , Pawar Prashant M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA numerical analysis is carried out in this study to understand the effect of the different pin fin layouts in the microchannel heat sinks. The performance analysis is done using the conjugate heat transfer module of COMSOL Multiphysics software. Initially, a microchannel with elliptical pin fins of 500‐μm fin height in it is validated with the results from the literature. Further, the performance of microchannels with three different pin fin layouts is compared with the baseline model. The investigation is done for different coolant inflow velocities, keeping the channel and pin fin dimensions constant, and the results are presented in terms of the Nusselt number and pressure drop. The highest value of 19.287 Nusselt number is obtained for case b with a maximum inlet velocity of 1 m/s. A maximum increment of 16.8% and a minimum increment of 11.1% in the Nusselt number is observed in case d and case a, respectively, with 0.2 m/s inlet velocity. The minimum value of the pressure drop is observed in case d. From the results obtained in this study, it is concluded that a staggered pin fin orientation in the microchannel enhances the thermal performance better than inline arrangement.
Metabolomics Signature for Non‐Responders to Total Joint Replacement Surgery in Primary Osteoarthritis Patients: The Newfoundland Osteoarthritis Study
Authors: Costello Christie A. , Hu Ting , Liu Ming , Zhang Weidong , Furey Andrew , Fan Zhaozhi , Rahman Proton , Randell Edward W. , Zhai Guangju 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTAlthough total joint replacement (TJR) surgery is considered as the most effective treatment for advanced osteoarthritis (OA) patients, up to one‐third of patients reported unfavorable long‐term post‐operative pain outcomes. We aimed to identify metabolic biomarkers to predict non‐responders to TJR using a metabolomics approach. TJR patients were recruited and followed‐up at least 1‐year post‐surgery; TJR outcomes were assessed by Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain and function subscales. Targeted metabolomic profiling was performed on plasma samples collected pre‐surgery and pairwise metabolite ratios, as proxies for enzymatic reactions, were calculated. Association tests were performed between each metabolite ratio and non‐responders. The metabolome‐wide significance was defined as p < 2 × 10−5. A total of 461 TJR patients due to primary OA were included in the analysis. Fifteen percent of patients were classified as pain non‐responders; 16% were classified as function non‐responders. Lower baseline WOMAC pain and function scores were significantly associated with pain and function non‐responders, respectively (both p < 0.03). Two metabolite ratios were significantly associated with pain non‐responders; acetylcarnitine (C2) to phosphatidylcholine acyl‐alkyl C40:1 (PC ae C40:1) was five times higher in pain non‐responders whereas phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36:4 (PC aa C36:4) to isoleucine was twenty one times lower in pain non‐responders than responders (all p ≤ 1.93 × 10−5). One metabolite ratio, glutamine to isoleucine, was significantly lower in function non‐responders than responders (eight times lower; p = 1.08 × 10−5). Three metabolite ratios (C2 to PC ae C40:1, PC aa C36:4, and glutamine to isoleucine) related to inflammation and muscle breakdown could be considered as novel plasma markers for predicting non‐responders to TJR and warrant further investigation. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:793‐802, 2020