bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there a need for greater integration and shift in policy to tackle food waste? Insights from a review of European Union legislations
Authors: Eriksson Mattias , Giovannini Simone , Ghosh Ranjan Kumar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWithin the European Union, there is an increasing recognition about the negative environmental impacts of food waste making it a prominent policy issue. But there is no clarity whether policies aimed at food waste minimisation are based on sound legislative frameworks that actually empower the relevant actors. By carefully reviewing existing European Union legislations that are linked directly or indirectly to food waste, we identify the difficulties encountered by stakeholders and assess whether adaptations to the rules-in-use are beneficial and desirable. Our general finding is that liability for donated foodstuffs, date marking provisions, the flexibility principle provided by the European Union Hygiene Package and fiscal rules are the main policy elements affecting, either positively or negatively, food waste generation and management. Food donation for charitable purposes emerges as the predominant Pan-European Union waste management solution. While removing existing barriers for food donors and banks is fundamental—as it makes redistribution more effective—this does not tackle prevention of excess food generation. We conclude that while there are several European Union food legislations which include and impact food waste management options, they are hardly direct. Moreover, they often generate incentives that are at odds across stakeholders, thereby dampening the intended impact. There is, therefore, need for an integrated policy framework to tackle food waste specifically. For that to happen though, a pre-requisite is lot more empirical research on the interaction effects of various food waste legislations.
Child mortality in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almuneef Maha , Saleheen Hassan , AlBuhairan Fadia , Al-Eissa Majid , Al Muntaser Manal , Al Alem Hala , Othman Ahmad , Al Abrash Tarek , Al Saif Saif , Baylon Beverly 
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives:
Although child mortality is declining in Saudi Arabia, new trends and causes are emerging. The objective of the study is to determine the causes of child death in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia and to identify its preventable causes and associated risk factors.

Methods:
A modified UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) was used to analyze all deaths among children under the age of 18 which occurred at the King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital (KASCH) between 2010 and 2016.

Results:
After reviewing all the death charts of 1138 children, the team determined that 15% (172) of all deaths could have been prevented and the preventability increased with age. Only 2% of the neonates died of preventable causes, while 53% of the children of 6 years of age or older died of preventable causes. The highest percentage of preventable deaths occurred in children aged 13–18 years (39.3%), followed by the age group of 6–12 years (32.4%) and the age group of 29 days to 5 years (13.9%). All 966 (85%) deaths from biological causes were considered to be unpreventable. Among the preventable causes, 142 (82.5%) had injuries and 30 (17.4%) were sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) with no documented autopsy or death scene investigation, and thus it was considered preventable by the researchers. The 5 major causes of deaths secondary to injuries were motor vehicle accidents (MVA) accounting for 86 deaths (60.6%), followed by drowning accounting for 19 deaths (13.4%), child maltreatment accounting for 13 deaths (9.2%), fire and weapon accounting for 12 deaths (8.5%), and finally home accident (fall, poisoning, suffocation) accounting for 12 deaths (8.5%).

Conclusion:
The State Child Death Reviews Board should thoroughly investigate deaths due to SUID and injuries by identifying the factors that contribute to the implementation of preventive strategies.
Taxonomy and functional morphology of the Urasterellidae (Paleozoic Asteroidea, Echinodermata)
Authors: Blake Daniel B. , Koniecki Joseph 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFamily-level taxonomic concepts for Paleozoic Asteroidea are problematic; data availability for the family Urasterellidae, however, is judged sufficient for familial reappraisal. The survey cannot be fully comprehensive because certain available names are founded on very limited material, with specimens widely scattered among collections. Recognized urasterellid genera includeUrasterellaSchuchert, 1914;AnthroosasteriasBlake, 2017;MeturasterBlake, Guensburg, and Lefebvre, 2016;SalterasterStürtz, 1893;StaurasteriasBlake, 2017;UlrichasterSpencer, 1950; andPegoasterella pompomn. gen. n. sp. Other available generic names are held in abeyance. The nameUrasterellahas approached form-genus status, an outcome exacerbated by incomplete understanding of the type species.Urasterella huxleyi(Billings, 1865) is reassigned toAnthroosasterias. Relatively large specimen suites forAnthroosasterias huxleyi(Billings, 1865) andSalteraster grandis(Meek, 1872) enable some interpretation of urasterellid intrataxon variation, ontogenetic change, and life mode. Morphologic changes accompanying ontogeny ofA. huxleyiare argued as favoring a shift from substrate surface feeding to feeding through extension of arms into the water column in a manner comparable to that seen among extant Forcipulatida and ophiurans.UUID:http://zoobank.org/82d2eca7-55e0-42ed-a164-c666652e3972
Extended endoscopic approaches to the maxillary sinus
Authors: Ashman A , Psaltis A J , Wormald P J , Tan N C-W 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTreatment of inflammatory and neoplastic disease in the maxillary sinus, pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae requires appropriate surgical exposure. As modern rhinology evolves, so do the techniques available. This paper reviews extended endoscopic approaches to the maxillary sinus and the evidence supporting each technique.MethodsA literature search of the Ovid Medline and PubMed databases was performed using appropriate key words relating to endoscopic approaches to the maxillary sinus.ResultsMega-antrostomy and medial maxillectomy have a role in the surgical treatment of refractory inflammatory disease and sinonasal neoplasms. The pre-lacrimal fossa approach provides excellent access but can be limited because of anatomical variations. Both the transseptal and endoscopic Denker's approaches were reviewed; these appear to be associated with morbidity, without any significant increase in exposure over the afore-described approaches.ConclusionA range of extended endoscopic approaches to the maxillary sinus exist, each with its own anatomical limitations and potential complications.
A consensual dataset for complex ontology matching evaluation
Authors: Thiéblin Elodie , Cheatham Michelle , Trojahn Cassia , Zamazal Ondrej 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Simple ontology alignments, largely studied in the literature, link one single entity of a source ontology to one single entity of a target ontology. One of the limitations of these alignments is, however, their lack of expressiveness, which can be overcome by complex alignments, which are composed of correspondences involving logical constructors or transformation functions. While most work on complex ontology matching has been dedicated to the development of complex matching approaches, there is still a lack of benchmarks on which the complex approaches can be systematically evaluated. The aim of this paper is to present the process of constructing the consensual complex Conference dataset, describing the design choices and the methodology followed for constructing it. We discuss the issues the experts were faced with during the process and discuss the lessons learned and perspectives in the field.
Aggregation with Constraints
Authors: Rüger Korbinian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUtilitarianism is often criticized because of its reliance on the interpersonal aggregation of harms and benefits. However, since the rejection of all forms of interpersonal aggregation strikes most people as implausible, some critics of utilitarianism have proposed theories of Limited Aggregation. These occupy the middle ground between fully aggregative and non-aggregative views. Recently, Limited Aggregation has been criticized for having counterintuitive implications that seem even worse than the counterintuitive implications of fully aggregative and non-aggregative views it tried to escape. I here propose a new view of Limited Aggregation that does better than existing accounts in this regard. It is more modest than existing accounts of Limited Aggregation, but it retains the view's core idea. This, I claim, is the thought that sometimes very strong individual claims stand in the way of realizing the best outcome.
Negation detection for sentiment analysis: A case study in Spanish
Authors: Jiménez-Zafra Salud María , Cruz-Díaz Noa P. , Taboada Maite , Martín-Valdivia María Teresa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccurate negation identification is one of the most important tasks in the context of sentiment analysis. In order to correctly interpret the sentiment value of a particular expression, we need to identify whether it is in the scope of negation. While much of the work on negation detection has focused on English, we have seen recent developments that provide accurate identification of negation in other languages. In this paper, we provide an overview of negation detection systems and describe an implementation of a Spanish system for negation cue detection and scope identification. We apply this system to the sentiment analysis task, confirming also for Spanish that improvements can be gained from accurate negation detection. The paper contributes an implementation of negation detection for sentiment analysis in Spanish and a detailed error analysis. This is the first work in Spanish in which a machine learning negation processing system is applied to the sentiment analysis task. Existing methods have used negation rules that have not been assessed, perhaps because the first Spanish corpus annotated with negation for sentiment analysis has only recently become available.
The double burden of malnutrition in under-five children at national and individual levels: observed and expected prevalence in ninety-three low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Lerm Beatriz Raffi , Crochemore-Silva Inácio , Costa Janaína Calu , Victora Cesar Gomes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:To assess whether the observed prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) would be higher than expected on the basis of chance, through analyses at national, wealth quintile and individual child levels.Design:We selected nationally representative surveys from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) carried out since 2005 with anthropometric measures on children under 5 years of age. Household wealth was assessed through asset indices. The expected prevalence of DBM was estimated by multiplying the prevalence of stunting (low height/length for age) and overweight (high weight for height/length). The WHO recommended cut-offs (20% for stunting and 10% for overweight) that were used to define DBM at national level. DBM at individual level was defined as co-occurrence of stunting and overweight in the same child.Setting:Nationally representative surveys from ninety-three LMIC.Participants:A total of 825 633 children were studied.Results:DBM at national level was observed in five countries, whereas it would be expected to occur in eleven countries. Six countries did not present evidence of DBM at national level but did so in at least one wealth quintile. At individual level, thirty countries (32·3%) showed higher prevalence of DBM than would be expected, but most differences were small except for Syria, Azerbaijan, Albania and Egypt.Conclusions:The observed number of countries or socio-economic subgroups within countries with the DBM using recommended thresholds was below what would be expected by chance. However, individual-level analyses showed that one-third of countries presented higher prevalence of DBM than would be expected.
Animal-based food systems are unsafe: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) fosters the debate on meat consumption
Authors: Jacob Michelle Cristine Medeiros , Feitosa Ivanilda Soares , Albuquerque Ulysses Paulino 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:The current pandemic restarts a debate on permanently banning wildlife consumption in an effort to prevent further public health threats. In this commentary, we offer two ideas to enhance the discussion on foodborne zoonotic diseases in food systems.Design:First, we focus on the probable consequences that the loss of access to wildlife could cause to the status of food and nutrition security of many people in developing countries that rely on bushmeat to subsist. Second, we argue that all animal-based food systems, especially the ones based on intensive husbandry, present food safety threats.Conclusion:To ban the access to bushmeat without a rational analysis of all human meat production and consumption in the global animal-based food system will not help us to prevent future outbreaks.
Masculine Norms and Infectious Disease: The Case of COVID-19
Authors: Reny Tyler T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuring the novel coronavirus pandemic, early data suggested that men were slightly more likely to contract COVID-19 than women, less likely to seek medical attention for the disease, and far more likely to die as a result of COVID-19. While several studies have explored this gender gap, none has attempted to isolate the psychological processes underpinning this phenomenon. In this research note, I suggest that sexism partly explains these differences. Using data from a large (N = 100,689) survey of American adults conducted between March and June 2020 by the Democracy Fund and the University of California, Los Angeles (Nationscape), I find that sexist beliefs, a component of masculine norms, are consistently the strongest predictor of coronavirus-related emotions, behaviors, policy attitudes, and ultimately contracting COVID-19. This study highlights how gender ideology can impact health and impede government public health efforts.
Supporting Cook Island communities to access DOHaD evidence
Authors: Tu’akoi Siobhan , Tamarua-Herman Neti , Tairea Karen , Vickers Mark H. , Aung Yin Yin May , Bay Jacquie L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDevelopmental origins of health and disease research have cemented relationships between the early-life environment and later risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, there is limited translation of this knowledge in developing-economy nations, such as the Cook Islands, that carry exceptionally high NCD burdens. Considering the evidence, Cook Islands leaders identified a need for increased community awareness of the importance of early-life nutrition. Using a community-based participatory research approach, this study aimed to engage Cook Islands community representatives in the co-construction of a contextually relevant early-life nutrition resource. A booklet distributed to mothers in Australia and New Zealand was used as a starting point. Ten semi-structured focus groups (n = 60) explored views regarding the existing resource and options for contextual adaptation. Three core themes were identified: knowledge of the importance of early-life nutrition, recognition of the need for an early-life nutrition resource and the importance of resources being context specific. A draft booklet was created based on these discussions. Participants were invited to give feedback via a second round of focus groups. This confirmed that the voice of the community was represented in the draft booklet. Suggestions for additional material not included in the original resource were also identified. We report on the process and outcomes of the co-construction with community representatives of a resource that has the potential to be used to stimulate community-level discussion about the importance of early-life nutrition. It is crucial that communities have an active voice in research and in making decisions about interventions for their population.
How to Survey Citizens’ Compliance with COVID-19 Public Health Measures: Evidence from Three Survey Experiments
Authors: Daoust Jean-François , Nadeau Richard , Dassonneville Ruth , Lachapelle Erick , Bélanger Éric , Savoie Justin , van der Linden Clifton 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe extent to which citizens comply with newly enacted public health measures such as social distancing or lockdowns strongly affects the propagation of the virus and the number of deaths from COVID-19. It is however very difficult to identify non-compliance through survey research because claiming to follow the rules is socially desirable. Using three survey experiments, we examine the efficacy of different ‘face-saving’ questions that aim to reduce social desirability in the measurement of compliance with public health measures. Our treatments soften the social norm of compliance by way of a short preamble in combination with a guilty-free answer choice making it easier for respondents to admit non-compliance. We find that self-reported non-compliance increases by up to +11 percentage points when making use of a face-saving question. Considering the current context and the importance of measuring non-compliance, we argue that researchers around the world should adopt our most efficient face-saving question.
The Seasonal Cycle of Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrification in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Mdutyana Mhlangabezi , Thomalla Sandy J. , Philibert Raissa , Ward Bess B. , Fawcett Sarah E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNet primary production (NPP) fueled by nitrate is often equated with carbon export, providing a metric for CO2 removal to the deep ocean. This “new production paradigm” assumes that nitrification, the oxidation of regenerated ammonium to nitrate, is negligible in the sunlit upper ocean. While surface layer nitrification has been measured in other oceanic regions, very few data exist for the Southern Ocean. We measured NPP, nitrogen (N) uptake, and nitrification in the upper 200 m across the Atlantic Southern Ocean in winter and summer. Rates of winter mixed‐layer nitrate uptake were low, while ammonium uptake was surprisingly high. NPP was also low, such that NPP and total N (nitrate+ammonium) uptake were decoupled; we attribute this to ammonium consumption by heterotrophic bacteria. By contrast, NPP and total N uptake were strongly coupled in summer except at two stations where an additional regenerated N source, likely dissolved organic N, apparently supported 30–45% of NPP. Summertime nitrate uptake rates were fairly high and nitrate fueled >50% of NPP, indicating the potential for significant carbon export. Nitrification supplied <10% of the nitrate consumed in summertime surface waters, while in winter, mixed‐layer nitrification was on average 16 times higher than nitrate uptake. Despite the near‐zero nitrification rates measured in the summer mixed layer, the classically defined f ratio does not well‐represent Southern Ocean carbon export potential annually. This is because some fraction of the nitrate regenerated in the winter mixed layer is likely supplied to phytoplankton in summer; its consumption cannot, therefore, be equated with export.
Absolute Dating of Past Seismic Events Using the OSL Technique on Fault Gouge Material—A Case Study of the Nojima Fault Zone, SW Japan
Authors: Tsakalos Evangelos , Lin Aiming , Kazantzaki Maria , Bassiakos Yannis , Nishiwaki Takafumi , Filippaki Eleni 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study is the first part of a comprehensive paleoseismic study in the Nojima Fault Zone (NFZ), the seismogenic fault of the 1995 Mw 6.9 Kobe (Japan) earthquake, which explores the use of the luminescence dating method for understanding past faulting time and assessing the activity of faults developed in basement rocks. Our approach is focused on methodological aspects of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) technique and reports on a series of ages of fault gouge samples. Our analysis revealed that (1) quartz OSL signals have been reset (at least partially) during past seismic faulting events, (2) fault gouge layers bounded by sharp fault planes are younger than gouge layers far from the main fault planes, and (3) the most recent seismic faulting, affecting the different gouge layers on the Nojima fault took place from 62.8 ± 4.3 ka to 18.5 ± 1.3 ka, while on the Asano fault from 139.3 ± 8.9 ka to 45.8 ± 3 ka, with these ages representing maximum possible ages. In this regard, this is the first successful absolute dating attempt on the NFZ using quartz grains and the only luminescence study, as yet known, producing a series of ages representing neotectonic activity of the Nojima and Asano faults during the late Pleistocene and middle to late Pleistocene, respectively. The present work has indicated that OSL is potentially a promising technique for dating fault gouges and assessing the activity of faults, although more work is needed for further refinement.
Structure of the Subpolar Gyre in the Australian‐Antarctic Basin Derived From Argo Floats
Authors: Yamazaki Kaihe , Aoki Shigeru , Shimada Keishi , Kobayashi Taiyo , Kitade Yujiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe climatological structure of the subpolar cyclonic circulation off East Antarctica is delineated with Argo float data from the past decade. Up to 40% of the float profiles in the seasonal ice zone have been without satellite positioning. We refined their position data as following the bathymetry to get appropriate positions in the continental margin. The error of the terrain‐following interpolation was estimated by using positioned data to be 23 ± 27 (78 ± 70) km for 90 (390) day period. Profiles with the under‐ice period shorter than 360 days are adopted. The float trajectories reveal the extent of the subpolar gyre adjoined to the westward Antarctic Slope Current to its south and the southernmost eastward jet of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current along 4,000 m isobath to its north. The subpolar circulation in the Australian‐Antarctic Basin comprises of a series of quasi‐barotropic subgyre circulations, which are bounded by bathymetric spurs in the continental slope. The temperature field reveals shoreward excursions of Circumpolar Deep Water associated with the subgyres, effectively supplying heat to the continental shelves. An along‐slope temperature variation up to 1°C in 27.7–27.8 kg/m3 σθ indicates an active cross‐slope exchange within the layer. Provided the velocity field and the water mass structure, the subsurface water mass exchange is likely accomplished by a combination of topographically controlled mean flow and the eddy transports. Our findings suggest that the bathymetry primarily determines the structure of the subpolar gyre.