bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The New Zealand podiatry profession – a workforce in crisis?
Authors: Carroll Matthew , Jepson Hannah , Molyneux Prue , Brenton‐Rule Angela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis is the first study to explore workforce data from the Podiatrists Board of New Zealand. The study analysed data from an online survey which New Zealand podiatrists complete as part of their application for an Annual Practising Certificate.MethodsSurvey responses between 2015 and 2019 were analysed. Data was related to work setting, employment status, work hours, location, professional affiliations, and number of graduates entering practice. Survey data was downloaded by a second party who provide data security for the Podiatrists Board of New Zealand workforce data. All data supplied for analysis were deidentified and could not be re‐linked to an individual practitioner.ResultsIn 2019 there were 430 podiatrists who held an Annual Practising Certificate. Eighty percent of podiatrists who work in New Zealand are in private practice, with 8% employed in the public health sector. Podiatrist's work is a mix of general podiatry, diabetes care and sports medicine. The majority are self‐employed (40%) or business owners (19%). Approximately 40% work between 31 to 40 h per week and 46 to 50 weeks per year. The majority are female (67%) with most practising in the North Island (69%) and located in the Auckland region (33%). On average 76% of new graduates were issued an Annual Practising Certificate between 2015 and 2019.ConclusionThe New Zealand podiatry profession is small and growing at a slow rate, consequently there is evidence of a workforce shortage. To maintain a per‐capita ratio of podiatrists approximate to Australia and the United Kingdom an additional 578 podiatrists are required in the New Zealand workforce. There are not enough new graduate practitioners entering the workforce and once practising, the majority enter private practice in the face of limited public health employment opportunities.
The Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor baricitinib reduces biomarkers of joint destruction in moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Thudium Christian S. , Bay-Jensen Anne C. , Cahya Suntara , Dow Ernst R. , Karsdal Morten A. , Koch Alisa E. , Zhang Wenling , Benschop Robert J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Tissue released blood-based biomarkers can provide insight into drug mode of action and response. To understand the changes in extracellular matrix turnover, we analyzed biomarkers associated with joint tissue turnover from a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled study of baricitinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
Serum biomarkers associated with synovial inflammation (C1M, C3M, and C4M), cartilage degradation (C2M), bone resorption (CTX-I), and bone formation (osteocalcin) were analyzed at baseline, and weeks 4 and 12, from a subgroup of patients (n = 240) randomized to placebo or 2-mg or 4-mg baricitinib (RA-BUILD, NCT01721057). Mixed-model repeated measure was used to identify biomarkers altered by baricitinib. The relationship between changes in biomarkers and clinical measures was evaluated using correlation analysis.

Results
Treatment arms were well balanced for baseline biomarkers, demographics, and disease activity. At week 4, baricitinib 4-mg significantly reduced C1M from baseline by 21% compared to placebo (p < 0.01); suppression was sustained at week 12 (27%, p < 0.001). Baricitinib 4-mg reduced C3M and C4M at week 4 by 14% and 12% compared to placebo, respectively (p < 0.001); they remained reduced by 16% and 11% at week 12 (p < 0.001). In a pooled analysis including all treatment arms, patients with the largest reduction (upper 25% quartile) in C1M, C3M, and C4M by week 12 had significantly greater clinical improvement in the Simplified Disease Activity Index at week 12 compared to patients with the smallest reduction (lowest 25% quartile).

Conclusion
Baricitinib treatment resulted in reduced circulating biomarkers associated with joint tissue destruction as well as concomitant RA clinical improvement.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01721057; date of registration: November 1, 2012
Study of fractional order pantograph type impulsive antiperiodic boundary value problem
Authors: Ali Arshad , Shah Kamal , Abdeljawad Thabet , Khan Hasib , Khan Aziz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study existence and stability results of an anti-periodic boundary value problem of nonlinear delay (pantograph) type implicit fractional differential equations with impulsive conditions. Using Schaefer’s fixed point theorem and Banach’s fixed point theorem, we have established results of at least one solution and uniqueness. Also, using the Hyers–Ulam concept, we have derived various kinds of Ulam stability results for the considered problem. Finally, we have applied our obtained results to a numerical problem.
A multi-fault diagnosis method of gear-box running on edge equipment
Authors: Zhao Xiaoping , Lv Kaiyang , Zhang Zhongyang , Zhang Yonghong , Wang Yifei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEdge computing equipment is a new tool that has been widely used to monitor the operation state of industrial equipment and to diagnose and analyze faults. Therefore, the fault diagnosis algorithm used in the edge computing device plays an especially significant role in fault diagnosis. The application of deep learning method in mechanical fault diagnosis has been gradually popularized, because it has many advantages, such as strong classification ability and accurate feature extraction ability. However, many of the completed papers and models are based on single label system and are used to diagnose single target fault. The validation set is not rigorous enough, and it is difficult to accurately simulate the faults that may occur in the actual production process. Nowadays, in the era of big data, the single label system ignores the joint relationship of different fault types, and it is difficult to make a correct judgment for the location, type and degree of mechanical failure. Hence, in the process of experiment, we used the bearing data of Case Western Reserve University(CWRU) to ensure the wide range and large quantity of data sets. A fault diagnosis method of gear and bearing in the gear-box based on multi-task deep learning model is put forward. In this method, gear and bearing faults can be diagnosed simultaneously. Through a separate task layer, this method can adaptively extract the characteristics of distinct targets from the same signal, and add a Batch Normalization layer(BN) to accelerate the convergence speed of the network. Through experiments, we conclude that it is an effective method which can judge the fault situation of gear and bearing accurately in a variety of working conditions.
Incentives for Danish healthcare management based on a pilot outcome-based, patient-centric management model in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: the non-interventional IMPROVE study
Authors: Thomsen Simon Francis , Skov Lone , Kristensen Lars Erik , Hedegaard Morten Størling , Kjellberg Jakob , Jørgensen Tanja Schjødt , Brenøe Søren , Dodge Rikke 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are chronic diseases that affect patients’ quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to develop a pilot outcome-based, patient-centric management model for PsO and PsA.

Methods
The non-interventional IMPROVE (Incentives for healthcare management based on patient-related outcomes and value) study being conducted in Denmark consists of 5 phases: 1) collecting real-world evidence to estimate treatment patterns and disease burden to the healthcare sector and patients; 2) identifying disease aspects which matter most to patients by use of concept mapping; 3) conducting interviews with healthcare professionals and patient organization involved in a typical PsO or PsA patient journey in order to determine relevant measures to quantify patient-identified outcomes; 4) developing a value-based remuneration model based on outcomes from phases 1–3; and 5) testing the outcome-based model in pre-selected hospitals in Denmark.

Results
Both PsO and PsA are associated with multiple co-morbidities, increased healthcare costs, and loss of earnings. Seven important ‘clusters’ of disease aspects were identified for both PsO and PsA, including uncertainty about disease progression and treatments, as well as inter-personal relations with healthcare providers. Hospital-based treatment was associated with high treatment costs. Although the outcome-based model could result in strategic behavior by doctors, those involved in defining the best outcome goals consider it unlikely.

Conclusion
The new patient-centric outcome-based management model is expected to support optimal treatment and secure best possible outcomes for patients suffering from PsO or PsA. The practical implication of the present study are that the models developed are expected to increase focus on patient-centered healthcare, and help eliminate some of the inappropriate incentives that exist in activity-based remuneration systems.

Trial registration
Not applicable; data collected from patient registries in Denmark.
Safety risk assessment of heritage buildings in metro construction based on SPA theory: a case study in Zhengzhou, China
Authors: Wang Qian , Yang Changming , Tian Lin , Lu Jiguang , Wu Fengwen , An Jianyong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
While the urban rail transit systems have been developed rapidly, the nearby heritage buildings and historic sites are facing possible threats of unexpected damages. In particular, a rail project has a potential impact on numerous heritage buildings and sites in an old city. Thus, to better protect these heritage buildings and sites, it is crucial for decision-makers to be able to rapidly and accurately evaluate these threats. Based on Set Pair Analysis (SPA) theory, this study developed a risk assessment model to assess the safety of heritage buildings adjacent to metro construction. In this model, the risk levels of adjacent heritage buildings are ranked. Moreover, this study establishes an assessment index system comprising 16 individual indexes among four categories related to heritage building, metro, soil, and management. The index system determines the interval values for each evaluation factor. To improve the reliability of the index weight, a linear weighting method was adopted. In this study, both subjective weights calculated via the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and objective weights calculated by the Clustering Weight Method (CWM) are analyzed comprehensively. Moreover, a case study was conducted by applying the proposed assessment model into assessing the structural safety risk of a heritage building adjacent to the Zhengzhou Metro Line Three. It was found the results of the proposed model were consistent with the Matter-Element (ME) method. The proposed model can be used to provide decision-making support for controlling risk on similar projects.
Hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with convalescent plasma in a mid-size city in the Midwest
Authors: Hartman William R. , Hess Aaron S. , Connor Joseph P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
SARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease, COVID-19, has infected over seven million people world-wide, including two million people in the United States. While many people recover from the virus uneventfully, a subset of patients will require hospital admission, some with intensive care needs including intubation, and mechanical ventilation. To date there is no cure and no vaccine is available. Passive immunotherapy by the transfusion of convalescent plasma donated by COVID-19 recovered patients might be an effective option to combat the virus, especially if used early in the course of disease. Here we report our experience of using convalescent plasma at a tertiary care center in a mid-size, midwestern city that did not experience an overwhelming patient surge.

Methods
Hospitalized COVID-19 patients categorized as having Severe or Life-Threatening disease according to the Mayo Clinic Emergency Access Protocol were screened, consented, and treated with convalescent plasma collected from local donors recovered from COVID-19 infection. Clinical data and outcomes were collected retrospectively.

Results
31 patients were treated, 16 severe patients and 15 life-threatened patients. Overall mortality was 27% (4/31) but only patients with life-threatening disease died. 94% of transfused patients with severe disease avoided escalation to ICU care and mechanical ventilation. 67% of patients with life-threatening disease were able to be extubated. Most transfused patients had a rapid decrease in their respiratory support requirements on or about day 7 following convalescent plasma transfusion.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that convalescent plasma is associated with reducing ventilatory requirements in patients with both severe and life-threatening disease, but appears to be most beneficial when administered early in the course of disease when patients meet the criteria for severe illness.
Intensive diagnostic management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in academic settings in Japan: challenge and future
Authors: Hoshina Tokio , Aonuma Hiroka , Ote Manabu , Sakurai Tatsuya , Saiki Erisha , Kinjo Yuki , Kondo Kazuhiro , Okabe Masataka , Kanuka Hirotaka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first emerged in Wuhan, China, and has spread globally to most countries. In Japan, the first COVID-19 patient was identified on January 15, 2020. By June 30, the total number of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 reached 18,000. The impact of molecular detection of pathogens is significant in acute-care settings where rapid and accurate diagnostic measures are critical for decisions in patient treatment and outcomes of infectious diseases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods, such as quantitative PCR (qPCR), are the most established gene amplification tools and have a comprehensive range of clinical applications, including detecting a variety of pathogens, even novel agents causing emerging infections. Because SARS-CoV-2 contains a single-stranded RNA genome, reverse-transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR) has been broadly employed for rapid and sensitive quantitative measurements of viral RNA copy numbers. The RT-qPCR method, however, still requires time-consuming reactions with two different enzymes in addition to isolation of RNA from patient samples, limiting the numbers of testing institutions for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Japan is known to have performed a relatively small number of PCR tests as well as confirmed cases among developed nations; as of June 30, 2020, approximately 390,000 people in Japan had undergone PCR tests. Given the devastating impact on medical services and the scale of demand for diagnostic testing of COVID-19, it has been proposed that academic settings such as basic research departments in university/college can be engaged in diagnosing, especially in university hospitals or academic medical centers. In collaboration with established diagnostic laboratories, academic facilities can divert their function to detecting virus from patients with suspected COVID-19, adopting existing specialized expertise in virus handling, molecular work, and data analysis. This in-house testing strategy facilitates the rapid diagnosing of thousands of samples per day and reduces sample turnaround time from 1 week to less than 24 h. This review provides an overview of the general principles, diagnostic value, and limitations of COVID-19 diagnosis platforms in Japan, in particular in-house testing at academic settings.
Bio-aviation fuel via catalytic hydrocracking of waste cooking oils
Authors: El-Araby R. , Abdelkader E. , El Diwani G. , Hawash S. I. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundBiomass fuels (bio-jet fuel) have recently attracted considerable attention as alternatives to conventional jet fuel. They have become the focus of aircraft manufacturers, engines, oil companies, governments and researchers alike. This study is concerned with the production of biojet fuel using waste cooking oil (WCO). Batch reactor is used for running the experimental study. The catalytic cracking products are investigated by GC mass spectra. Final products from different reaction conditions are subjected to fractional distillation. The (Bio kerosene) fraction was compared with the conventional jet A-1 and showed that it met the basic jet fuel specifications. Optimum reaction conditions are obtained at (450 °C), pressure of (120 bars), catalyst dose (2.5% w/v), reaction time (60 min) and hydrogen pressure 4 atmosphere. The aim of this study is to produce bio aviation fuel according to specifications and with a low freezing point from waste cooking oil in one step using a laboratory prepared catalyst and with a low percentage of hydrogen to complete the process of cracking and deoxygenation in one reactor, which is naturally reflected positively on the price of the final product of bio aviation fuel.ResultsThe results indicated that the product obtained from WCO shows promising potential bio aviation fuels, having a low freezing point (− 55 °C) and that all bio kerosene’s specifications obtained at these conditions follow the international standard specifications of aviation turbine fuel.ConclusionBiojet fuel obtained from WCO has fairly acceptable physico-chemical properties compared to those of petroleum-based fuel. Adjustment of the hydro catalytic cracking reaction conditions was used to control quantities and characteristics of produced bio aviation fuel. Taking into consideration the economic evaluation WCO is preferable as raw material for bio aviation fuel production due to its low cost and its contribution in environmental pollution abatement. Blend of 5% bio aviation with jet A-1 (by volume) can be used in the engine without any modifications and a successful test of blended aviation fuel with 10% bio aviation has been achieved on Jet-Cat 80/120 engine.
Systematic design of separation process for bioethanol production from corn stover
Authors: Amornraksa Suksun , Subsaipin Ittipat , Simasatitkul Lida , Assabumrungrat Suttichai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeparation process is very crucial in bioethanol production as it consumes the highest energy in the process. Unlike other works, this research systematically designed a suitable separation process for bioethanol production from corn stover by using thermodynamic insight. Two separation processes, i.e., extractive distillation (case 2) and pervaporation (case 3), were developed and compared with conventional molecular sieve (case 1). Process design and simulation were done by using Aspen Plus program. The process evaluation was done not only in terms of energy consumption and process economics but also in terms of environmental impacts. It was revealed that pervaporation is the best process in all aspects. Its energy consumption and carbon footprint are 60.8 and 68.34% lower than case 1, respectively. Its capital and production costs are also the lowest, 37.0 and 9.88% lower than case 1.
Autoantibodies spectrum in lupus nephritis in a cohort of Egyptian patients: relation to disease activity and prognostic value
Authors: Elsayed Sahar A. , Mohafez Omar M M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Specific autoantibodies are considered as an important marker in autoimmune rheumatic diseases and are of great value for the diagnosis and prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. A total of eighteen autoantibodies were analyzed for their positivity in SLE patients and we evaluated the clinical relevance of the five most frequent autoantibodies: anti-dsDNA, anti-nucleosome, anti-histone, anti-Ro60, and anti-Ro52 on disease activity and renal affection in SLE Egyptian patients.

Results
Immunological profile and correlation of the five autoantibodies with disease activity and histopathological pattern of renal involvement were analyzed for 190 SLE patients. Lupus nephritis (LN) patients showed much worse constitutional and mucocutaneous manifestations than patients without nephritis. Autoantibody profile showed a significant increased frequency of anti-dsDNA, anti-nucleosome, anti-histone, anti-Ro-60, and anti-Ro52 antibodies in LN patients. The impact of the co-positivity of the autoantibodies on the renal function was obvious. Moreover, the disease activity increased by the increased frequency of autoantibodies positivity in LN patients. ROC curve analysis showed that anti-nucleosome had the highest sensitivity; 93% followed by anti-dsDNA 83.3% then anti-histone 73.8%, but anti-Ro60 and anti-Ro52 showed a humble sensitivity. Furthermore, the highest frequency of positivity for the five autoantibodies was found in class-III and class-IV LN patients.

Conclusion
Detection of anti-dsDNA, anti-nucleosome, anti-histone, and anti-Ro60 in SLE patients may be important for predicting disease progression and kidney affection. Moreover, anti-nucleosome and anti-dsDNA show high sensitivity and specificity for lupus nephritis, thus patients with four to five positive autoantibody panels should be kept under close monitoring as they may warrant considering aggressive therapy to control their disease and prevent renal damage.
The Prison and the Postcolony: Contested Memory and the Museumification of Sŏdaemun Hyŏngmuso
Authors: Burge Russell 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Seoul’s Sŏdaemun Prison is famous in South Korea today as a site of heroic resistance where Korean anticolonial activists were martyred at the hands of Japanese colonial officials. This narrative is complicated, however, by the fact that the prison continued to be used after the fall of the Japanese Empire as a tool to suppress political dissent, right up until its final decommissioning in 1987. This study inquires into the political context surrounding Sŏdaemun Prison’s decommissioning and finds that the decision was made by the Chun Doo Hwan administration in the run-up to the Seoul Olympics and was more concerned with the erasure of contemporaneous political excesses than the preservation of colonial memory. Sŏdaemun Prison’s transformation into a site of colonial tourism in the following decade was carried out as part of a larger move in urban planning to overwrite the memory of the postcolonial authoritarian past, a process that reveals much about the limitations and contradictions of South Korean democratization.