bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TNFa is Involved in the Development of Disuse Muscle Atrophy Through the Acid Sphingomyelinase/ Ceramide Up-Regulation and Pro-Oxidant Signaling
Authors: Bryndina Irina G. , Ovchinina Natalia G. , Protopopov Vladimir A. , Sekunov Alexey V. , Shalagina Maria N. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: There is paucity of data indicating the role of cytokines including TNFa in the development of disuse muscle atrophy, despite the growing interest to this problem emerging in the recent years. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that TNFa/ TNFR1 may be involved in the development of disuse muscle atrophy caused by unloading through aSMase/ ceramide/ ROS mechanism. Methods: The experiments were performed on male Wistar rats (180 – 230g) subjected to 4 or 14 days of hindlimb suspension (HS) and treated with clomipramine (HS+Clom) or vehicle. The following parameters were studied: TNFR1, aSMase, nSMase and Nox2 proteins and ceramide in detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) fraction isolated from soleus muscle homogenates, pro-oxidant/anti-oxidant and pro-apoptotic/anti-apoptotic activities, immune fluorescence intensity and distribution of ceramide, Nox2, Nox4 and caveolin-3 on longitudinal and transverse muscle sections. The relative muscle mass, cross-sectional area (CSA) and Feret’s diameter (FD) of muscle fibers were used to confirm muscle atrophy. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test, or Cruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Disuse caused an increase in membrane TNFR1, aSMase, ceramide abundance in DRM, up-regulation of pro-oxidant and pro-apoptotic capacities (increased Nox2, Nox4, TBA-active products, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, elevated activity of caspase-3/7 and -6). The most of alterations were maximal on the 4 th day of unloading. The inhibitor of aSMase clomipramine attenuated ceramide accumulation, decreased pro-oxidant and pro-apoptotic activities and diminished muscle atrophy induced by unloading. It has been shown that in suspended for 14 days rats the loss in relative muscle mass, CSA and FD averaged -35%, -65% and -49%, respectively, whereas in clomipramine treated rats it was -25%, -45% and -25%, in comparison with the control values. Clomipramine also mitigated the inhibition of the mTORC1/p70S6 kinase inhibition caused by 14-day HS. Conclusions: The obtained results indicate the involvement of aSMase/ ceramide pathway in the development of disuse muscle atrophy. This effect may be triggered by TNFR1 and realized through enhanced prooxidant NADPH oxidase activity and pro-apoptotic signaling.
Genomic Analyses Reveal Distinct Genetic Architectures and Selective Pressures in Chinese Donkeys
Authors: Shen Jiafei , Yu Jie , Dai Xuelei , Wang Gang , Chen Ningbo , Lei Chuzhao , DANG RUIHUA 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDonkey (Equus asinus) is an important livestock animal in China because of its nourishment and medical value. After a long period of natural and artificial selection, the variety diversity and phenotype of donkey are very rich. However, due to the lack of genome-wide studies, its genomic value remains unclear.ResultsWe clarified the genetic and demographic characteristics of Chinese donkeys and the selective pressures on them by analyzing 78 whole genomes from 12 breeds. We found that Gunsha donkey had the lowest nucleotide diversity, longest length, and largest number of runs of homozygosity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed obvious geographical distribution trends in Chinese donkeys. In selective sweep, gene annotation, functional enrichment, and differential expression analyses between large and small body donkey groups, we identified selective signals, including NCAPG and LCORL, to be related to rapid growth and large body size.ConclusionOur findings improve the understanding of the evolutionary history and formation of different donkey breeds and provide theoretical insights into the genetic mechanism underlying breed characteristics and molecular breeding programs of donkey clades.
Comparison of the prognosis of four different treatment strategies for acute left malignant colonic obstruction: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Tan Ling , Liu Zi-Lin , Ran Meng-Ni , Tang Ling-Han , Pu Yan-Jun , Liu Yi-Lei , Ma Zhou , He Zhou , Xiao Wei Jiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background There is controversy regarding the efficacy of different treatment strategies for acute left malignant colonic obstruction. This study investigated the prognosis of several treatment strategies for acute left malignant colonic obstruction. Methods A systematic literature review and network meta-analysis were performed. Results The network meta-analysis involved 48 articles, including 8 (Randomized controlled trials) RCTs and 40 non-RCTs. Short-term results: Compared with emergency surgery (ES) strategies, colonic stent-bridge to surgery (CS-BTS) and transanal colorectal tube-bridge to surgery (TCT-BTS) strategies can significantly increase the primary anastomosis rate, CS-BTS and decompressing stoma-bridge to surgery (DS-BTS) strategies can significantly reduce mortality, and CS-BTS strategies can significantly reduce the permanent stoma rate. The hospital stay of DS-BTS is significantly longer than that of other strategies. There was no significant difference in the anastomotic leakage levels of several treatment strategies. Long-term results: The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of the CS-BTS strategy and the DS-BTS strategy were significantly better than those of the ES strategy, and the 5-year OS of the DS-BTS strategy was significantly better than that of CS-BTS. The long-term survival of TCT-BTS was not significantly different from those of CS-BTS and ES. Conclusion Different preoperative decompression strategies may improve the prognosis of patients with acute left malignant colon obstruction. Comprehensive literature research, we found that timely and effective relief of intestinal obstruction would bring a better prognosis. Therefore, CS-BTS, DS-BTS and TCT-BTS are better than ES. Compared with CS-BTS and DS-BTS, CS-BTS has the risk of re-obstruction and intestinal perforation, and the long-term prognosis is slightly worse than that of DS-BTS. Without considering the length of stay and cost, DS-BTS strategy is the best choice.
Impact of Moderate-to-severe Psoriasis on Quality of Life in China: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Zhong Hua , Yang Huan , Mao Zhuxin , Chai Xiaoyun , Li Shunping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
PurposePsoriasis is a serious health problem. Since limited research has investigated the impact of psoriasis on quality of life of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, this study aimed to explore this issue.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted with 22 psoriasis patients from two cities in Shandong province of eastern China participating in one-to-one semi-structured in-depth interviews. ResultsThematic analysis generated four major themes: (1) Impact on physical health; (2) Impact on psychological feelings; (3) Impact on social relationships; (4) Impact on work and profession.Conclusion﻿Our study detailed the effects of psoriasis on patients’ physical health, psychological feelings, social relationships, work and occupation. These data can provide reference for studying the quality of life in patients with psoriasis.
Association Between Heavy Metals and Colon Cancer: An Ecological Study Based on Geographical Information Systems in Northeastern Iran
Authors: Kiani Behzad , Amin Fatemeh Hashemi , Bagheri Nasser , Mohammadi Ali Akbar , Yousefi Mahmood , Faraji Hossein , Roshandel Gholamreza , Beirami Somayeh , Rahimzadeh Hadi , Hoseini Benyamin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundExposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metals has been introduced as a possible contributor to increasing the risk of colon cancer. We aim to explore the associations between heavy metals and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) colon cancer in Northeastern Iran.MethodsCancer data were drawn from the population-based cancer registry of Golestan province, Northeastern Iran. The heavy metals’ samples were collected from 69 rice milling plants in the study area. Then, the concentration level of seven heavy metals, including Cadmium, Nickel, Cobalt, Copper, Selenium, Lead, and Zink was measured. The Kriging algorithm was used to interpolate the heavy metals' concentration on the surface of the study area. The exploratory regression analysis was conducted to build the ordinary least squares (OLS) models on every possible combination of the candidate explanatory variables. Finally, the best OLS models were chosen to show the effect of heavy metals on colon cancer.ResultsGenerally, heavy metals were higher in central part of the province. The analyses showed that the high concentration of Cobalt was associated with the high ASR of colon cancer in men. In contrast, the Selenium concentration was higher in areas with lower ASR of colon cancer in men. A significant regression equation for men colon cancer was found (F(4,137)=38.304, P<.000) with an adjusted R2 of 0.77. The predicted ASR of men colon cancer was -58.3581 with the coefficients for Cobalt= 120.329780; Cadmium= 80.603505; Selenium= -6.069037; Nickel= -3.086802; and Zink= -0.405843. The effect of Copper and Lead on men colon cancer was not significant. We did not find a significant model for women colon cancer.ConclusionThere may be a possible negative correlation between selenium concentration and lower risk of colon cancer in men. Furthermore, the higher cobalt concentration may be related to an increased risk of men colon cancer.
Multiplex Detection of Rotavirus A, B, C, Norovirus GI&nbsp;and GII, Adenovirus, Astrovirus and Sapovirus in a Single PCR&nbsp;System in Stool Samples From Acute Diarrhea Children
Authors: Li Wei , Li Weiwei , Tao Ran , Xiang Wenqing , Zhou Mingming , Lou Jingan , Chen Jie , Mao Jian-hua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Early and accurate identification of infection viruses among children can benefit the personalized medical treatment and management, and reduce the future occurrence of serious symptoms. Thus, it is critical to develop a high-throughput multiplex real-time RT-PCR method to improve the accuracy and efficiency in routine clinical lab tests. Here, we developed a RT-PCR combined with melting curve analysis (RRCMC) method for simultaneous detection of rotavirus A, B, C, norovirus GI and GII, adenovirus, astrovirus and sapovirus. Results: Stool samples were collected from 160 children with acute diarrhea and tested by RRCMC assay. A total of 71 patients were tested positive with norovirus, adenovirus or rotavirus. The RRCMC assay has high specificity. There is no internal cross-reaction through the 8 diarrhea viruses and no cross-reaction of other commonly intestinal pathogens and human genome. The detection limit was ranging from 1×102 to 1×105 copies/ml for each diarrhea virus. Conclusions: In conclusion, the RRCMC method is a suitable rapid clinical test for infection viruses, with the advantages of high-throughput, low cost, high sensitivity, and specificity.
Dynamic Changes in Heparin-binding Protein as a Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Dou Qing-Li , Liu Jiang-Ping , Zhang Wen-Wu , Tong Hoi Sin , Gu Ya-Nan , Li Na , Hu Rui , Wang Ching-Wei , Xu Jun , Lee Chien-Chang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUNDWe aimed to investigate the prognostic value of dynamic changes in heparin-binding protein (HBP) within the first 48 hours of hospital admission in sepsis patients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study in the emergency intensive care unit of a tertiary care center. Patients who met SEPSIS-3 criteria were prospectively enrolled from August 2019 to January 2020. Serum levels of HBP were measured at admission, 24 hours, and 48 hours. Dynamic change in HBP was calculated as a percentage change between admission and 24 hours, and between admission and 48 hours. Accuracies of absolute level of HBP, dynamic change of HBP, and other biomarkers were compared with ROC analysis.ResultsA total of 245 patients were enrolled. After excluding patients not fulfilling the eligibility criteria and those died before 48 hours of admission, 185 patients were included for final analysis, of which 117 had sepsis, 68(36.76%) had septic shock, and 48(30%) died in the hospital. Day 1-HBP was correlated with procalcitonin (r2=0.21, p=0.004). Of all predictors of 30-day mortality, HBP clearance within 48 hours had the highest predictive accuracy (AUC: 0.82), followed by Day 1-HBP (AUC: 0.79), PCT (AUC: 0.75) and HBPc-24(AUC: 0.6). HBPc-48 > -17.14% had an independent impact on 30-day survival after adjusting for age, gender, shock status, and requirement of mechanical ventilation support.ConclusionsHBPc-48 can predict survival in critically ill patients with sepsis and can assist clinicians with risk stratification of these patients. Future multicenter studies are necessary to assess the generalizability of these findings.
Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tian Lei , Shao Xinghua , Hang Ying , Yang Weiqiang , Mou Shan , Zhu Changqing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) frequently develops in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 and is associated with poor outcome. Unfortunately, risk factors for AKI in COVID-19 have not been clearly elucidated. Clinical evidence is required to identify risk factors for AKI and to adopt appropriate management strategies during early COVID-19 intervention.MethodThe PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Elsevier Science direct were systematically searched up to September 2020. The studies that reported risk factors for AKI in patients with COVID-19 were included. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager Software (RevMan 5.3). Pool odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were assessed for each risk factor.ResultsEleven studies with 8815 COCID-19 patients fulfilled eligibility criteria were incorporated into the meta-analysis, and sixteen risk factors related to AKI in patients with COVID-19 were included and analyzed. The following variables probably correlated with an increased risk of AKI in COVID-19 patients: male (OR=1.62, 95% CI, 1.24-2.13, P<0.05), mechanical ventilation (OR=9.44, 95% CI, 5.16-17.27, P<0.05), ICU admission (OR=10.57, 95%CI, 9.33-11.98, P<0.00001), use of vasopressor (OR=19.36, 95%CI, 16.77-22.34, P<0.00001), obesity (OR =1.75 ,95%CI, 1.58-1.95, p<0.00001), diabetes (OR= 1.73, 95% CI, 1.57-1.90, p<0.00001), hypertension (OR=1.53 , 95% CI, 1.04-2.20, p=0.03), cardiac disease (OR = 1.71, 95% CI, 1.51-1.94, p<0.00001), CKD (OR=2.86, 95%CI, 1.54-5.32, p=0.0009), and COPD (OR= 1.7 ,95% CI, 1.40-2.07, p<0.00001). The factors RAAS inhibitors use, cerebrovascular disease and malignancy were not significantly associated with AKI in patients with COVID-19.Conclusions﻿Our meta-analysis revealed a variety of risk factors for AKI in patients with COVID-19. There findings strengthened clinical awareness of early warning to identify COVID-19 patients with high risk for AKI.
Early Onset, Multiple, Bilateral Fibroadenomas of the Breast: A Case Report
Authors: Im Cecilia Jung , Miller Ashlie , Mukhtar Rita A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: While fibroadenomas are common in the general population, affecting 10-20% of women, they are rarely early onset, multiple, and bilateral. Case Presentation: An 18-year-old woman presented with a 6 year history of multiple, bilateral breast masses without family history of breast disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, Figure 1) of the breasts showed innumerable, bilateral breast masses ranging in size from 0.5 to 4 cm. Two needle biopsies showed fibroadenoma. Although the patient’s family history did not meet National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for genetic testing, it was performed due to the rarity of her presentation. Genetic testing identified a pathogenic mutation in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene. Conclusions: A germline mutation in PTEN is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and in many cases occurs as part of Cowden Syndrome. This case highlights the importance of genetic testing in patients with unusual presentations of early-onset, bilateral, and multiple (greater than four) fibroadenomas.
Risk Factors for Severe 30-d Complications After Minimally Invasive Radical Cystectomy With Ileal Conduit
Authors: Xiao Ming , Zhong Zhaohui , Ren Jiannan , Xiong Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the risk factors for severe complications within 30 days in patients receiving minimally invasive radical cystectomy with ileal conduit(MIRCIC).Methods: 270 consecutive patients who underwent MIRCIC between January 1, 2013 and August 1, 2020 were included. All complications were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification(CDC). The comprehensive complication index(CCI) for all complications in each patient was calculated. CDC ≥ Ⅲ or CCI > 33.7 were considered to be severe complications. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted by SPSS26.Results: A total of 691 complications were collected from 236 patients and the corresponding overall complications rate was 87.41% (236/270). Patients with CDC ≥ Ⅲ accounted for 23.70% and the incidence of CCI > 33.7 was 22.96%. For the highest CDC grade ≥ Ⅲ, in univariate analysis, the following seven variants were enrolled in a multivariate analysis: BMI (P=0.010), baseline albumin(P=0.065), pT (P=0.082), pN (P=0.026), pTNM (P=0.016), intraoperative blood transfusion (P=0.031), estimated blood loss (P=0.001). In multivariate analysis, BMI ≥ 30kg/m2 (P=0.012) and estimated blood loss ≥ 400ml (P=0.005) were the independent risk factors of CDC ≥ Ⅲ. Hydronephrosis (P=0.050), BMI (P=0.006), pT (P=0.004), pN (P=0.019), pTNM (P=0.000), operative time (P=0.030), estimated blood loss (P=0.001) were the relevant factors in CCI > 33.7. However, BMI ≥ 30kg/m2 (P=0.004) and estimated blood loss (P=0.002) were the independent risk factors of CCI > 33.7.Conclusion: BMI ≥ 30kg/m2 and estimated blood loss ≥ 400ml were found to be independent predictors of 30-d severe complications (CDC ≥ Ⅲ or CCI > 33.7) in patients who underwent MIRCIC.
WITHDRAWN: Survival Nomograms for Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Population-based Study
Authors: Lin Bi , Yu Dinglai , Chen Shengchuan , Wang Daojie , Huang Chaohao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Although Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs) considered as indolent tumors, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Herein, we aimed to establish a nomogram to predict the survival of PNETs patients for clinical use via Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods: Based on the SEER program, the data of 1103 patients with PNETs were enrolled and randomly divided into training set and validation set. We performed Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox proportional hazard regression analysis in training set to evaluate the value of prognostic factors. A nomogram was constructed obtained these independent prognostic factors for predicting overall survival(OS) and specific-cancer survival(CSS). C-index, calibration curve, decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the nomogram. Results: Age, primary site, TNM stage, grade, and surgery were associated with OS and CSS in the multivariate models. Nomograms were established depend on these risk factors and had a better discrimination power than TMN stage. The validation technologies showed that the nomogram was able to predict 3- and 5-year OS and CSS accurately, and also proved the superiority. Age, primary site, TNM stage, grade, and surgery were associated with OS and CSS in the multivariate models. Conclusions: Nomograms were established depend on these risk factors and had a better discrimination power than TMN stage. The validation technologies showed that the nomograms were able to predict 3- and 5-year OS and CSS accurately, and also proved the superiority.
Long-Term Oncologic Result of Laparoscopic Versus Open Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis
Authors: Wu Si-yuan , Ho Meng-Hsing , Chang Hao-Ming , Hsu Kuo-Feng , Yu Jyh-Cherng , Chan De-Chuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Laparoscopic gastrectomy is an acceptable procedure for early-stage gastric cancer; however, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and older age in Taiwan. The feasibility and safety of applying laparoscopic gastrectomy in daily practice remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy versus open procedures.Methods: From 2007 to 2015, 192 patients who underwent open gastrectomy and 189 patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer at a single center were included. Propensity score-matching analysis was used to adjust selection biases associated with age, preoperative hemoglobulin, extent of resection, tumor size, and stage of disease. The demographics, perioperative parameters, postoperative short-term results, and 5-year survival data were analyzed.Results: Open gastrectomy was more frequently performed in the elderly, larger tumor size, advanced stage of disease, and disease requiring total gastrectomy or combined organ resection. After propensity score-matching, 108 patients with laparoscopic gastrectomy were compared to 108 patients with open gastrectomy. The morbidity rates were not different in both groups (25.9%), while hospital stay was shorter in the laparoscopic group (16.0 vs. 18.8 days, p = 0.04). The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival were superior in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively); however, the survival differences were not significant in the subgroup analysis by stage. Laparoscopic gastrectomy had fewer recurrences than open gastrectomy. The pattern of recurrence was not different between the groups.Conclusions: Laparoscopic gastrectomy can be safely applied in both early and locally advanced gastric cancer without compromising oncologic outcomes.Trial registration: Retrospective registration.