bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved packing of preparative biochromatography columns by mechanical vibration
Authors: Martinez Andrés , Knaub Konstantin , Monter Marc , Hekmat Dariusch , Weuster‐Botz Dirk 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe bioprocessing industry relies on packed‐bed column chromatography as its primary separation process to attain the required high product purities and fulfill the strict requirements from regulatory bodies. Conventional column packing methods rely on flow packing and/or mechanical compression. In this work, the application of ultrasound and mechanical vibration during packing was studied with respect to packing density and homogeneity. We investigated two widely used biochromatography media, incompressible ceramic hydroxyapatite, and compressible polymethacrylate‐based particles, packed in a laboratory‐scale column with an inner diameter of 50 mm. It was shown that ultrasonic irradiation led to reduced particle segregation during sedimentation of a homogenized slurry of polymethacrylate particles. However, the application of ultrasound did not lead to an improved microstructure of already packed columns due to the low volumetric energy input (~152 W/L) caused by high acoustic reflection losses. In contrast, the application of pneumatic mechanical vibration led to considerable improvements. Flow‐decoupled axial linear vibration was most suitable at a volumetric force output of ~1,190 N/L. In the case of the ceramic hydroxyapatite particles, a 13% further decrease of the packing height was achieved and the reduced height equivalent to a theoretical plate (rHETP) was decreased by 44%. For the polymethacrylate particles, a 18% further packing consolidation was achieved and the rHETP was reduced by 25%. Hence, it was shown that applying mechanical vibration resulted in more efficiently packed columns. The application of vibration furthermore is potentially suitable for in situ elimination of flow channels near the column wall.
Know thyself financially: How financial self‐awareness can benefit consumers and financial advisors
Authors: Chowdhry Nivriti , Dholakia Utpal M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe consider the relationship between an individual's financial self‐awareness, defined as detailed knowledge about one's current financial assets, liabilities, and spending patterns, and financial outcomes. The results of three studies show that a higher level of financial self‐awareness is associated with positive financial decisions and satisfaction among individuals. This effect is mediated by perceived efficacy about handling personal finances. We also find that financial literacy strengthens the association between financial self‐awareness and investing and saving, but does not affect the association between financial self‐awareness and either financial satisfaction or spending decisions. Increasing the financial self‐awareness of clients offers a useful method for financial advisors and policy makers to encourage prudent financial decisions.
Exciplex Formation and Electromer Blocking for Highly Efficient Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence OLEDs with All‐Solution‐Processed Organic Layers
Authors: Ban Xinxin , Chen Feng , Pan Jie , Liu Yan , Zhu Aiyun , Jiang Wei , Sun Yueming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHighly efficient solution‐processable emitters are greatly desired to develop low‐cost organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The recently developed thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are promising candidates, but blue TADF materials compatible with the all‐solution‐process have still not been achieved. Here, a series of TADF materials, named X‐4CzCN, are developed by introducing the bulky units through an unconjugated linker, which realizes high molecular weight to enhance the solvent resistance ability without disturbing the blue TADF feature. Meanwhile, the peripheral wrapping groups efficiently inhibit the triplet–triplet and triplet–polaron quenching by isolating the energy‐transfer and charge‐transporting channels. The photophysical measurements indicate that a small variation in peripheral unit will have a noticeable effect on the luminescence efficiency. The enlarged volume of peripheral units will make the electroluminescent spectra blueshift, while enhancing the energy transfer of exciplex and blocking the energy leakage of electromer can facilitate the exciton utilization. As a result, the fully solution‐processed blue OLED achieves a CIE of (0.16, 0.27), a low turn on voltage of 2.9 eV, and a high external quantum efficiency of 20.6 %. As far as we known, this is the first report of all‐solution‐processed TADF OLEDs with blue emission, which exhibits a high efficiency even comparable to the vacuum‐deposited devices.
Cardiac changes associated with vascular aging
Authors: Singam Narayana Sarma V. , Fine Christopher , Fleg Jerome L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCardiovascular aging is a complex process of adaptive structural and functional changes over time. With advancing age, the arterial tree thickens and decreases in compliance, resulting in increased pulse wave velocity, systolic blood pressure, and left ventricular afterload. In response to these arterial changes, the myocardium remodels to maintain systolic function and diastolic filling. These adaptive mechanisms are not necessarily pathologic but increase the susceptibility for myocardial ischemia and heart failure in the presence of common age‐associated comorbidities. This article reviews the pathophysiology of cardiovascular aging and discusses therapeutic interventions that may ameliorate these processes.
Improved Alkyl Glycoside Synthesis by trans‐Glycosylation through Tailored Microenvironments of Immobilized β‐Glucosidase
Authors: Hoffmann Christian , Grey Carl , Pinelo Manuel , Woodley John M. , Daugaard Anders E. , Adlercreutz Patrick 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present how the microenvironment can directly improve biocatalytic selectivity of immobilized β‐glucosidase. β‐Glucosidase from Thermotoga neapolitana was immobilized on a variety of functionalized off‐stoichiometric thiol‐ene (OSTE) particles, where highest activities were observed for thiol and imidazole functional particles. Compared to the soluble enzyme, the selectivity (rs/rh) between trans‐glycosylation of p‐nitrophenyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside (pNPG) with 1‐propanol over hydrolysis was increased by a factor of 2–3 using particles containing imidazole (rs/rh of 6.7) and carboxylic acid moieties (rs/rh of 9.2), respectively. These results demonstrate clearly that enzyme selectivity depends directly on the local environment of the enzyme with the support.
Altitude shapes the environmental drivers of large‐scale variation in abundance of a widespread mammal species
Authors: Jacquier Mickaël , Calenge Clément , Say Ludovic , Devillard Sébastien , Ruette Sandrine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimHabitat quality and heterogeneity directly influence the distribution and abundance of organisms at different spatial scales. Determining the main environmental factors driving the variation in species abundance is crucial to understand the underlying ecological processes, and this is especially important for widely distributed species living in contrasting environments. However, the responses to environmental variation are usually described at relatively small spatial scales. Here, we studied the variation in abundance of a widely distributed mustelid, the European badger (Meles meles), across France.LocationThe whole metropolitan France.MethodsWe used (a) direct detections of 9,439 dead and living badgers, from 2006 to 2009, to estimate badger relative abundance in 703 small agricultural regions of metropolitan France and (b) a Bayesian modeling approach to identify the main environmental determinants influencing badger abundance.ResultsDespite a continuous distribution of badger in France, we found large variation in badger abundance between regions, explained by environmental factors. Among a set of 13 environmental variables, we demonstrated that badger abundance in lowlands (<400 m a.s.l.) was mostly driven by biotic factors such as potential food resources (earthworm abundance and fruit crops) and forest fragmentation. Conversely, in mountainous areas, abiotic factors (i.e., soil texture and climate) drove the variation in badger relative abundance.Main conclusionsThese results underline the importance of mapping the abundance of wildlife species based on environmental suitability and highlight the complexity of drivers influencing species abundance at such large spatial scales. Altitude shaped the environmental drivers (biotic vs. abiotic) that most influenced relative abundance of a widespread species. In the case of badger, such abundance maps are crucial to identify critical areas for species management as this mustelid is a main wild vector of bovine tuberculosis in several countries.
Regional output growth in the United Kingdom: More timely and higher frequency estimates from 1970
Authors: Koop Gary , McIntyre Stuart , Mitchell James , Poon Aubrey 
Published: December 2019

SummaryOutput growth estimates for regions of the UK are currently published at an annual frequency only, released with a long delay, and offer limited historical coverage. To improve the regional database this paper develops a mixed‐frequency multivariate model and uses it to produce consistent estimates of quarterly regional output growth dating back to 1970. We describe how these estimates are updated and evaluated on an ongoing, quarterly basis to publish online (at www.escoe.ac.uk/regionalnowcasting) more timely regional growth estimates. We illustrate how the new quarterly data can contribute to our historical understanding of business cycle dynamics and connectedness between regions.
A biochemometrics strategy combining quantitative determination, bioactivity evaluation and relationship analysis for identification of analgesic alkaloids of raw and vinegar‐processed Corydalis turtschaninovii
Authors: Tao Yi , Jiang Enci , Cai Baochang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA biochemometrics strategy combining quantitative determination, bioactivity evaluation, and relationship analysis was proposed for identification of analgesic components of herbs. First, a robust liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous determination of nine major alkaloids in crude and vinegar‐processed Corydalis turtschaninovii. Nine alkaloids were separated on a BEH C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water spiked with 0.1% formic acid and then detected by multiple reactions monitoring in the positive ion mode. Nitidine chloride was employed as the internal standard. The method displayed good linearity and the precisions of intra‐day and inter‐day were all within 3.0%. The recovery rates of each alkaloid ranged from 97.1 to 102.9%. The method was successfully applied for quantitative analysis of nine alkaloids in ten batches of crude and vinegar‐processed Corydalis turtschaninovii. Second, the analgesic effects of crude and vinegar‐processed Corydalis turtschaninovii were evaluated in mice. Third, principle component analysis, canonical correlation analysis, and partial least squares regression were used to analysis the relationship between the contents of nine major alkaloids and the analgesic effect of different crude and vinegar‐processed samples. Tetrahydropalmatine, coptisine, and dehydrocorydaline have a close positive correlation with the analgesic effect.
Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation in Veterans with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Sarber Kathleen M. , Chang Katherine W. , Epperson Madison V. , Tabangin Meredith E. , Altaye Mekibib , Ishman Stacey L. , Dhanda Patil Reena 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesThe hypoglossal nerve stimulator (HNS) is an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a relatively healthy subset of the population. Our aim was to determine the efficacy of HNS in a veteran population with a high incidence of chronic disease and mental health disorders. Our secondary aim was to compare subjective outcomes and adherence between veterans with and without mental health disorders.MethodsWe included all patients who underwent HNS at our institution to date. Veterans were divided into two groups based on whether or not they carried a diagnosis of anxiety, depression, and/or post‐traumatic stress disorder. Demographics, comorbidities, previous OSA treatments, adverse events, and adherence to therapy were recorded. Baseline and treatment outcome data were collected and analyzed including polysomnographic parameters, Epworth sleepiness scale score (ESS), and body mass index.ResultsThirty‐one patients were identified: 93.5% male, median age = 63.0 years. Median apnea hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from 30.0 to 3.0 events/hour (P < .001) and median ESS dropped from 11.0 to 6.5 (P < .001). There was no difference between groups with regard to change in AHI or ESS (P = .31 and .61). Twenty‐six (89.7%) patients achieved surgical success (decrease in AHI > 50% and AHI < 20 events/hour) and 21 (72.4%) had AHI < 5 events/hour. The mean device usage was 5.4 hours/night which was not significantly different between groups (P = .55).ConclusionOur cohort exhibited similar declines in AHI and ESS compared to published studies with adequate adherence to HNS. There were no significant differences in ESS or adherence to therapy between veterans with and without mental health disorders.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2275–2280, 2020
The effect of titanium addition on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of Ni3Si alloys prepared by powder metallurgy method
Authors: Zhang X. , Niu M. , Wu C. , Chen J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNi3Si alloy with different content of titanium was fabricated by powder metallurgy method. The microstructures, hardness and tribological properties of the alloys were investigation. The results showed that pure Ni3Si alloy was composed of β1‐Ni3Si phase and γ‐Ni31Si12 phase, and Ni3Ti phase formed with titanium addition. The hardness of the alloy decreased with the increasing titanium content. The friction coefficient of pure Ni3Si alloy increased with the increasing load, while the friction coefficient of the alloy with titanium addition decreased. The wear rates of the alloys were all increased with increasing load, and the alloy with 5 % titanium addition had the best wear resistance properties. The wear mechanisms of the alloys were abrasive wear at low load, and the wear mechanisms changed to oxidative wear at high load.
Controlled saturation magnetization transfer for reproducible multivendor variable flip angle T1 and T2 mapping
Authors: A. G. Teixeira Rui Pedro , Neji Radhouene , Wood Tobias C. , Baburamani Ana A. , Malik Shaihan J. , Hajnal Joseph V. 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe widespread clinical application of quantitative MRI has been hindered by a lack of reproducibility across sites and vendors. Previous work has attributed this to incorrect B1 mapping or insufficient spoiling conditions. We recently proposed the controlled saturation magnetization transfer (CSMT) framework and hypothesized that the lack of reproducibility can also be attributed to magnetization transfer effects. This work seeks to validate this hypothesis and demonstrate that reproducible multivendor single‐pool relaxometry can be achieved with the CSMT approach.MethodsThree healthy volunteers were scanned on scanners from 3 vendors (GE Healthcare, Philips, Siemens). An extensive set of images necessary for joint T1 and T2 estimation were acquired with (1) each vendor default RF pulses and spoiling conditions; (2) harmonized RF spoiling; and (3) harmonized RF spoiling and CSMT pulses. Different subsets of images were used to generate 6 different T1 and T2 maps for each subject’s data from each vendor. Cross‐protocol, cross‐vendor, and test/retest variability were estimated.ResultsHarmonized RF spoiling conditions are insufficient to ensure good cross‐vendor reproducibility. Controlled saturation magnetization transfer allows cross‐protocol variability to be reduced from 18.3% to 4.0%. Whole‐brain variability using the same protocol was reduced from a maximum of 19% to 4.5% across sites. Both CSMT and native vendor RF conditions have a reported variability of less than 5% for repeat measures on the same vendor.ConclusionMagnetization transfer effects are a major contributor to intersite/intrasite variability of T1 and T2 estimation. Controlled saturation magnetization transfer stabilizes these effects, paving the way for the use of single‐pool T1 and T2 as a reliable source for clinical diagnosis across sites.
Synthesis of a Ni‐Pt Electrocatalyst Supported on PRh/ZnO Nanocomposites and Its Electrocatalytic Behaviour towards Methanol Electrooxidation
Authors: SoleimaniLashkenari Mohammad , Rezaei Sajjad , Lashkenari Atefe Soleymani , Peyravi Majid 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPolyrhodanine/Zinc Oxides (PRh/ZnO) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized through an in‐situ polymerization method. After that, the nanocomposites served as a substrate for bimetallic nickel‐platinum (Ni−Pt) to form PRh/ZnO/Ni/Pt electrocatalyst. Characterization methods including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were then employed to investigate the morphology and chemical structure of synthesized samples. Next, the electrochemical activity of fabricated PRh/ZnO/Ni/Pt electrocatalyst in methanol electrooxidation reaction in alkaline media was investigated via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometric (CA) measurements. The experimental results indicated that the addition of Ni to the synthesized PRh/ZnO/Pt led to a higher electrochemically active surface area (EASA). Also, from the CV tests, a desirable amount of maximum anodic current density was achieved for the PRh/ZnO/Ni/Pt, which was as much as 35 mA cm−2. With regard to the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, computational results suggested that utilizing the PRh/ZnO structure beside Ni and Pt resulted in the improvement of the reactivity of catalyst and a decrease in the energy gap which was consistent with the experimental findings.
Decolorization and Degradation of a Mixture of Industrial Azo Dyes by Anodic Oxidation Using a Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2 (DSA‐Cl2) Electrode.
Authors: Sandoval Miguel A. , Zúñiga‐Mallea Nury , Espinoza L. Carolina , Vidal Jorge , Jara‐Ulloa Paola , Salazar Ricardo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe electrochemical treatment of wastewaters from the textile industry is a promising alternative for the elimination of organic pollutants. This study approach the decolorization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from synthetic water (0.91 mM Acid Yellow 25 dye ‐ and ‐ 0.42 mM Acid Blue 29 dye), by anodic oxidation (AO) in batch mode using a Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2 (DSA‐Cl2) electrode as anode and an AISI 304 stainless steel plate as cathode. The influence of pH (3, 7 and 10), type of supporting electrolyte (50 mM Na2SO4, 50 mM NaCl and 100 mM NaCl) and applied current density (10 < j < 80 mA cm–2) on COD removal and mineralization current efficiency was analyzed. The best AO test in terms of energy consumption was performed at pH 7, 50 mM NaCl and j=30 mA cm–2, obtaining a complete decolorization and COD removal. These operating parameters have an energy consumption between 0.41 and 0.82 kWh m–3. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC‐MS/MS) analyses indicated the presence of several organic intermediates and carboxylic acids.
NLO Properties of 2‐Napthol Monoazo Disperse Dyes by DFT and Z‐Scan Technique – A Detailed Study
Authors: Yadav Sagar B. , Sreenath Mavila C. , Chitrambalam Subramaniyan , Joe Isaac H. , Sekar Nagaiyan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe non‐linear and linear optical properties of 2‐napthol based four monoazo dyes were examined by computational and Z‐scan methods. Time‐dependent (TD)‐density functional theory (DFT) computations were used to evaluate the linear polarizability (α), first‐order hyperpolarizability (β) and second‐order hyperpolarizability (γ) using global hybrid and range separated hybrid functionals at 6–311+ G (d) basis set. The functional, ωB97 performed better in the determination of linear polarizability (α) and ωB97X−D performed better in the determination of the first‐order hyperpolarizability (β) and second‐order hyperpolarizability (γ) among the global hybrid and range separated hybrid functionals. To support our theoretical findings for α, β, and γ, we have correlated with the Hammett‐coefficient (σ), excited state coefficient (σex) as well as by hyper‐hardness (Γ) relations. Third order NLO parameters – non‐linear refractive index (η2), non‐linear absorption coefficient (β), real parts and the imaginary parts of third order susceptibility (χ(3)), and second order hyperpolarizability (γ) were investigated by close and open aperture methods using Z‐scan technique. The –NO2 substituted dye 2 shows higher value of molecular susceptibility (χ(3)), polarizability (α), and hyperpolarizability (β, γ) parameters among the studied azo dyes. They are likely to have potential applications in optoelectronics and photonics.
Selective Oxidation of Alcohols Catalyzed by Supported Nano‐Au Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Fang , Wang Xiaoli , Wu Gongde , Zhang Changfei , Song Shihao , Lan Jianyang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA series of Cu‐containing trimetal mixed oxides supported nano‐Au catalysts were prepared and characterized by XRD, N2 sorption, elemental analysis and H2‐TPR. Then, their catalytic performance was firstly investigated in the selective oxidation of glycerol with 3% H2O2 or O2 as oxidants. It was found that both the elemental components of mixed oxides and the types of oxidant influenced remarkably the catalytic performance of the supported catalysts and the product distributions. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the highest yield of main product glyceric acid reached 66.5% over CuMnAl mixed oxide supported nano‐Au catalyst in the presence of O2. Moreover, the catalyst could be reused several times. In addition, the catalyst was further used in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol and cyclohexanol, and the best yield of benzaldehyde and cyclohexanone were 72.5% and 96.0%, respectively.
Preparation and Properties of Polycarbonate/Polystyrene Bead Alloy via Solvent Evaporation Method
Authors: Li Shu , Su Caiyun , Yang Jiaqi , Wen Fengyu , Wang Zhenyang , Chen Rui , He Qingxia , Mu Jianxin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, a facile method to recycle wasted expandable polystyrene (PS) into polycarbonate (PC)/PS bead alloys is described in this paper, and compared with melt extrusion method. Results showed that the initial decomposition temperature of composite with 30 wt% PC increases by 25 °C and simultaneously enhances by 37.6% in tensile property compared to the neat PS via solvent evaporation method, however, a substantial drop in molecular weight with melt extrusion method. The solvent evaporation method provided several advantages, such as easy operation, low energy consumption, low contamination, high purity and high product yield. The expended solvent was recovered using an evaporation process that was put into practice along with the emulsification, making the process more productive and sustainable.
Synthesis of Highly Substituted Fluoro Chromenones in a “One‐Pot Four‐ Component Strategy” Using NFSI as a Fluorinating Reagent
Authors: Srikanth Reddy Narra , Krishna Swaroop Desireddy , Ravi Kumar Nagiri , Sreenivas Avula , Narsaiah Banda 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn efficient one pot four component strategy has been developed for the synthesis of highly substituted fluoro chromenone derivatives (5 a‐p) in good yields from β‐aryl thio acetanilide, aldehydes, cyclic 1,3‐diketones and NFSI (N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide) in presence of water. The fluoro imino chromenone intermediate 6 is isolated under the inert condition in high yield.