bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p47phox deficiency improves cognitive impairment and attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation in mouse models of AD
Authors: Gong Ping , Chen Yan-qing , Lin Ai-hua , Zhang Hai-bo , Zhang Yan , Ye Richard D. , Yu Yang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. The aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein are two major pathological features of AD. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase, NOX) has been indicated in Aβ pathology; however, whether and how it affects tau pathology are not yet clear.

Methods
The role of NOX2 in cognitive function, amyloid plaque formation, and tau hyperphosphorylation were examined in APP/PS1 transgenic mice mated with p47phox-deficient mice (with deletion of the gene of neutrophil cytosolic factor 1, Ncf1) and/or in p47phox-deficient mice receiving intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The cognitive and non-cognitive functions in these mice were assessed by Morris water maze, Rotarod test, open field, and elevated plus maze. Aβ levels, amyloid plaques, p47phox expression, and astrocyte activation were evaluated using immunofluorescence staining, ELISA, and/or Western blotting. Cultured primary neuronal cells were treated with okadaic acid or conditioned media (CM) from high glucose-stimulated primary astrocytes. The alteration in tau pathology was determined using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining.

Results
Deletion of the gene coding for p47phox, the organizer subunit of NOX2, significantly attenuated cognitive impairment and tau pathology in these mice. p47phox deficiency decreased the activation of astrocytes but had no effect on Aβ levels and amyloid plaque formation in the brains of aged APP/PS1 mice, which displayed markedly increased expression of p47phox in neurons and astrocytes. Cell culture studies found that neuronal p47phox deletion attenuated okadaic acid-induced tau hyperphosphorylation at specific sites in primary cultures of neurons. CM from high glucose-treated WT astrocytes increased tau hyperphosphorylation in primary neurons, whereas this effect was absent from p47phox-deficient astrocytes.

Conclusions
These results suggest that p47phox is associated with cognitive function and tau pathology in AD. p47phox expressed in neurons contributes to tau hyperphosphorylation directly, while p47phox in astrocytes affect tau hyperphosphorylation by activating astrocytes indirectly. Our results provide new insights into the role of NOX2 in AD and indicate that targeted inhibition of p47phox may be a new strategy for the treatment of AD.
Retinal blood flow in critical illness and systemic disease: a review
Authors: Courtie E. , Veenith T. , Logan A. , Denniston A. K. , Blanch R. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAssessment and maintenance of end-organ perfusion are key to resuscitation in critical illness, although there are limited direct methods or proxy measures to assess cerebral perfusion. Novel non-invasive methods of monitoring microcirculation in critically ill patients offer the potential for real-time updates to improve patient outcomes.Main bodyParallel mechanisms autoregulate retinal and cerebral microcirculation to maintain blood flow to meet metabolic demands across a range of perfusion pressures. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is reduced and autoregulation impaired in sepsis, but current methods to image CBF do not reproducibly assess the microcirculation. Peripheral microcirculatory blood flow may be imaged in sublingual and conjunctival mucosa and is impaired in sepsis. Retinal microcirculation can be directly imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) during perfusion-deficit states such as sepsis, and other systemic haemodynamic disturbances such as acute coronary syndrome, and systemic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease.ConclusionMonitoring microcirculatory flow offers the potential to enhance monitoring in the care of critically ill patients, and imaging retinal blood flow during critical illness offers a potential biomarker for cerebral microcirculatory perfusion.
Caratheodory’s approximation for a type of Caputo fractional stochastic differential equations
Authors: Guo Zhongkai , Hu Junhao , Wang Weifeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Caratheodory approximation for a type of Caputo fractional stochastic differential equations is considered. As is well known, under the Lipschitz and linear growth conditions, the existence and uniqueness of solutions for some type of differential equations can be established. However, this approach does not give an explicit expression for solutions; it is not applicable in practice sometimes. Therefore, it is important to seek the approximate solution. As an extending work for stochastic differential equations, in this paper, we consider Caratheodory’s approximate solution for a type of Caputo fractional stochastic differential equations.
Stochastic differential equations with singular coefficients on the straight line
Authors: Tian Rongrong , Ding Liang , Wei Jinlong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConsider the following stochastic differential equation (SDE): $$ X_{t}=x+ \int _{0}^{t}b(s,X_{s})\,ds+ \int _{0}^{t}\sigma (s,X_{s}) \,dB_{s}, \quad 0\leq t\leq T, x\in \mathbb{R}, $$

X
t

=
x
+

∫
0
t

b
(
s
,

X
s

)

d
s
+

∫
0
t

σ
(
s
,

X
s

)

d

B
s

,

0
≤
t
≤
T
,
x
∈
R
,
where $\{B_{s}\}_{0\leq s\leq T}$

{

B
s

}

0
≤
s
≤
T

is a 1-dimensional standard Brownian motion on $[0,T]$
[
0
,
T
]
. Suppose that $q\in (1,\infty ]$
q
∈
(
1
,
∞
]
, $p\in (1,\infty )$
p
∈
(
1
,
∞
)
, $b=b_{1}+b_{2}$
b
=

b
1

+

b
2

, $b_{1}\in L^{q}(0,T;L^{p}(\mathbb{R}))$

b
1

∈

L
q

(
0
,
T
;

L
p

(
R
)
)
such that $1/p+2/q<1$
1
/
p
+
2
/
q
<
1
and $b_{2}$

b
2

is bounded measurable, with $\sigma \in L^{\infty }(0,T;{\mathcal{C}}_{u}(\mathbb{R}))$
σ
∈

L
∞

(
0
,
T
;

C
u

(
R
)
)
there being a real number $\delta >0$
δ
>
0
such that $\sigma ^{2}\geq \delta $

σ
2

≥
δ
. Then there exists a weak solution to the above equation. Moreover, (i) if $\sigma \in \mathcal{C}([0,T];\mathcal{C}_{u}(\mathbb{R}))$
σ
∈
C
(
[
0
,
T
]
;

C
u

(
R
)
)
, all weak solutions have the same probability law on 1-dimensional classical Wiener space on $[0,T]$
[
0
,
T
]
and there is a density associated with the above SDE; (ii) if $b_{2}=0$

b
2

=
0
, $p\in [2,\infty )$
p
∈
[
2
,
∞
)
and $\sigma \in L^{2}(0,T;{\mathcal{C}}_{b}^{1/2}({\mathbb{R}}))$
σ
∈

L
2

(
0
,
T
;

C
b

1
/
2

(
R
)
)
, the pathwise uniqueness holds.
On q-BFGS algorithm for unconstrained optimization problems
Authors: Mishra Shashi Kant , Panda Geetanjali , Chakraborty Suvra Kanti , Samei Mohammad Esmael , Ram Bhagwat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVariants of the Newton method are very popular for solving unconstrained optimization problems. The study on global convergence of the BFGS method has also made good progress. The q-gradient reduces to its classical version when q approaches 1. In this paper, we propose a quantum-Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm where the Hessian is constructed using the q-gradient and descent direction is found at each iteration. The algorithm presented in this paper is implemented by applying the independent parameter q in the Armijo–Wolfe conditions to compute the step length which guarantees that the objective function value decreases. The global convergence is established without the convexity assumption on the objective function. Further, the proposed method is verified by the numerical test problems and the results are depicted through the performance profiles.
Transitioning to digital first line intervention – validation of a brief online screener for early identification of a suspected eating disorder: study protocol
Authors: Bryant Emma , Miskovic-Wheatley Jane , Touyz Stephen , Crosby Ross D. , Koreshe Eyza , Cao Li , Maguire Sarah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundOnly one in four people with eating disorders seeks treatment, and of those who do seek treatment, 20% go on to experience a chronic course. Early intervention has been associated with better prognosis, with those seeking specialised intervention in the early stages of their illness more than twice as likely to achieve remission. Current screening measures typically require expert administration and are rarely validated across a spectrum of DSM-5 eating disorder presentations or for online use. In light of COVID-19 and increasing reliance on telehealth technologies in the intervention and delivery of mental health services, online assessments suitable for self-referral are likely to be the first step to seeking care. InsideOut Institute has developed a 6-item online screening tool for the purposes of identifying eating disorder risk and symptomatology, aimed specifically at increasing help-seeking behaviour in subsyndromal and early presentations.MethodsThis study investigates the reliability and validity of the InsideOut Institute Screener (IOI-S), using a cross-sectional survey research design. Participants aged 14 and over will complete an extensive baseline survey battery for evaluation. 50% of participants will be randomly selected for one follow-up re-test of the IOI-S only, 2 weeks post initial testing. The IOI-S will be analysed for statistical reliability on two parameters: internal consistency and test re-test reliability, and for statistical validity on four parameters: concurrent validity, sensitivity and specificity, convergent and discriminant validity.DiscussionThe rapid and ongoing shift to digital intervention has highlighted gaps and opportunities in our pathways to care. Adequate screening for eating disorders is a major gap. This study aims to validate an online screening tool for use in telehealth early intervention, designed for users seeking information for a suspected eating disorder. The screener meets those at risk ‘where they are’ (i.e. online) and may improve timely referrals to relevant services. This is of particular salience as face-to-face healthcare and traditional frontline interventions are disrupted, and we are challenged to re-design our practices to deliver diagnostic and treatment services in highly adaptive digital contexts.
Pioneering urban practices in transition spaces
Authors: Pittaluga Paola 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe article suggests a set of design requirements to orient urban practices of transformation and space management when they work on transition spaces, which are difficult to interpret and classify in accordance with traditional dichotomous categories such as centre/periphery, urban/not urban, open/closed, abandoned/lived, public/private. The first part of the article explains how various disciplines describe and characterise this kind of space, which cannot be described precisely through traditional categories. Literature search indicates how transition spaces have a number of attributes that can be translated into requirements to steer design actions. The examples of urban practices, described in the central paragraphs of the article, quickly show how project actions actualize the requirements that can be inferred both from literature and from the examples themselves. The conclusions summarise the design requirements to transform and manage transition spaces, in order to orient “pioneering urban practices”, thus opening the way to different modes of intervention and offering new insights into the role of designers and users in this particular kind of practice. Promising prospects emerge not only for the design methodology of this type of spaces, but also for the possibility of addressing relevant issues in the current disciplinary debate concerning, on the one hand, the liveability and care of urban spaces and therefore the regeneration of public space, at a time in history when its existence is questioned, on the other hand the effectiveness of the involvement and empowerment of local societies in the processes of space transformation.
Bexarotene normalizes chemotherapy-induced myelin decompaction and reverses cognitive and sensorimotor deficits in mice
Authors: Chiang Angie C. A. , Seua Alexandre V. , Singhmar Pooja , Arroyo Luis D. , Mahalingam Rajasekaran , Hu Jian , Kavelaars Annemieke , Heijnen Cobi J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFrequently reported neurotoxic sequelae of cancer treatment include cognitive deficits and sensorimotor abnormalities that have long-lasting negative effects on the quality of life of an increasing number of cancer survivors. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood and there is no effective treatment. We show here that cisplatin treatment of mice not only caused cognitive dysfunction but also impaired sensorimotor function. These functional deficits are associated with reduced myelin density and complexity in the cingulate and sensorimotor cortex. At the ultrastructural level, myelin abnormalities were characterized by decompaction. We used this model to examine the effect of bexarotene, an agonist of the RXR-family of nuclear receptors. Administration of only five daily doses of bexarotene after completion of cisplatin treatment was sufficient to normalize myelin density and fiber coherency and to restore myelin compaction in cingulate and sensorimotor cortex. Functionally, bexarotene normalized performance of cisplatin-treated mice in tests for cognitive and sensorimotor function. RNAseq analysis identified the TR/RXR pathway as one of the top canonical pathways activated by administration of bexarotene to cisplatin-treated mice. Bexarotene also activated neuregulin and netrin pathways that are implicated in myelin formation/maintenance, synaptic function and axonal guidance. In conclusion, short term treatment with bexarotene is sufficient to reverse the adverse effects of cisplatin on white matter structure, cognitive function, and sensorimotor performance. These encouraging findings warrant further studies into potential clinical translation and the underlying mechanisms of bexarotene for chemobrain.
Evaluation of metadata describing topographic maps in a National Library
Authors: Kuźma Marta , Mościcka Albina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, map users come from a diverse disciplines and use maps for different purposes, but they all are confronted with the same task: finding the maps they need. Searching systems, used by museums or archives collecting maps, rely on metadata. However, the scope and method of saving map data in metadata are not often connected with the way in which users search for maps and therefore they are often unable to find the maps necessary for their research. Moreover, the ways of describing maps in metadata are different in each institution, what hinders the interoperability and wide using of data. In this context, the key questions are: what scope of metadata can provide a proper description of maps and how to evaluate if metadata from concerned institution fulfill these needs and give user the chance to find necessary maps. Therefore, the aim of our research was to evaluate topographic maps metadata in the context of the possibility to evaluate their usability of specific users’ needs in the National Library of Poland (NLP). The area of interest are topographic maps because they are the most heavily used for research and other purposes. To assess metadata for the purposes of evaluating the usability of topographic maps, a two-stage procedure was used. It covers the evaluation of topographic maps metadata, followed by their assessment in terms of whether maps found on their basis might be useful in our research. The research was carried out on 35,092 topographic maps issued in the years 1608–2017, in scales ranging from 1:10,000 to 1:500,000 from the National Library of Poland. These maps mainly cover the current territories of Poland, Belarus, Germany, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Lithuania, and Russia. The conducted analysis of topographic maps in the National Library of Poland revealed that the collected data are very interesting and match the users’ needs.
Deep learning accelerators: a case study with MAESTRO
Authors: Bolhasani Hamidreza , Jassbi Somayyeh Jafarali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, deep learning has become one of the most important topics in computer sciences. Deep learning is a growing trend in the edge of technology and its applications are now seen in many aspects of our life such as object detection, speech recognition, natural language processing, etc. Currently, almost all major sciences and technologies are benefiting from the advantages of deep learning such as high accuracy, speed and flexibility. Therefore, any efforts in improving performance of related techniques is valuable. Deep learning accelerators are considered as hardware architecture, which are designed and optimized for increasing speed, efficiency and accuracy of computers that are running deep learning algorithms. In this paper, after reviewing some backgrounds on deep learning, a well-known accelerator architecture named MAERI (Multiply-Accumulate Engine with Reconfigurable interconnects) is investigated. Performance of a deep learning task is measured and compared in two different data flow strategies: NLR (No Local Reuse) and NVDLA (NVIDIA Deep Learning Accelerator), using an open source tool called MAESTRO (Modeling Accelerator Efficiency via Spatio-Temporal Resource Occupancy). Measured performance indicators of novel optimized architecture, NVDLA shows higher L1 and L2 computation reuse, and lower total runtime (cycles) in comparison to the other one.
Annual dialysis data report 2018, JSDT Renal Data Registry: dialysis fluid quality, hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration, peritoneal dialysis, and diabetes
Authors:   on behalf of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy Renal Data Registry Committee, Nitta Kosaku , Abe Masanori , Masakane Ikuto , Hanafusa Norio , Taniguchi Masatomo , Hasegawa Takeshi , Nakai Shigeru , Wada Atsushi , Hamano Takayuki , Hoshino Junichi , Joki Nobuhiko , Goto Shunsuke , Wakasugi Minako , Yamamoto Keiichi , Nakamoto Hidetomo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe annual survey questionnaires of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy Renal Data Registry (JRDR) were sent to 4458 dialysis facilities at the end of 2018; 4402 facilities (98.7%) responded to the facility questionnaire, and 4222 facilities (94.7%) responded to the patient questionnaire. This paper reports the results obtained in regard to several issues: dialysis fluid quality, prescription of hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration, current status of peritoneal dialysis, and glycemic indices and treatment of diabetic patients.
Phytochemical profiling, and anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties of Viburnum coriaceum Blume
Authors: Vijaytha Vijayakumar , Anupama R. V. , Haridas M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Viburnums comprise a taxonomic group of plants distributed all over the world and were reported to have many biological activities. Viburnum coriaceum Blume is one of the least explored members of the group. The present study was aimed to explore the phytochemical profile of the plant, Viburnum coriaceum Blume with special emphasis to its anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Results
Extracts of all parts of plants were found to possess a spectrum of chemicals in considerable amount, including triterpenoids and glycosides. Anti-oxidant property was found in extracts made of any part of the plant. Methanol extract of root expressed a prominent zone of inhibition in agar gel well-diffusion assay involving many microorganisms. Inhibition of enzymes, LOX, and trypsin showed by the hexane extract of root suggested a prominent anti-inflammatory potential of the plant under investigation.

Conclusion
Phytochemical profiling and the other assays using the plant extracts provide us with a plant having many valuable medicinal properties. Viburnum coriaceum Blume could be noted as a promising material for drug leads.
Short Dietary Intervention with Olive Oil Increases Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Lean but not Overweight Subjects
Authors: Monfort-Pires Milena , U-Din Mueez , Nogueira Guilherme A , de Almeida-Faria Juliana , Sidarta-Oliveira Davi , Sant’Ana Marcella Ramos , De Lima-Júnior José C , Cintra Dennys E , de Souza Heraldo Possolo , Ferreira Sandra R G , Sapienza Marcelo Tatit , Virtanen Kirsi A , Velloso Licio A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders. Its activation by cold exposure or adrenergic drugs can increase systemic insulin sensitivity and improve lipid metabolism; however, little is known about the effects of specific dietary components on BAT activity.

Objectives
We asked if a short-term (4 weeks) dietary intervention with olive oil could modify BAT activity in lean and overweight/obese volunteers.

Design
This was a 4-week open clinical trial in which all participants underwent a dietary intervention with extra-virgin olive oil supplementation. As the initial intake of olive oil was controlled all the participants were controls of themselves.

Results
The intervention resulted in significant increase in blood monounsaturated fatty acid levels, which was accompanied by increased BAT activity in lean but not in overweight/obese volunteers. In the lean group, an increase in leptin was detected after the intervention, and low leptin values at the beginning of the study were predictive of greater BAT activity after intervention. In addition, increase in leptin concentration was associated with increased BAT activity. Three known endogenous mediators of BAT activity, secretin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME) were increased by intervention in lean, whereas only secretin and FGF21 were increased in subjects with excessive weight.

Conclusion
This study provides clinical evidence for the impact of monounsaturated fatty acids on BAT activity and an advance in the understanding of the beneficial health effects of olive oil.
Dominican Futurism
Authors: Soares Kristie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article looks at Rita Indiana’s performance work and latest novel as an example of Dominican futurism. Dominican futurism, like its counterpart Afrofuturism, centers the Dominican body in a technologically enhanced future, positioning it within a speculative world in which Dominicans are the agents of change. This article argues that Indiana’s version of Dominican futurism engages with “negative aesthetics”—defined here as the aesthetics of disorientation, dystopia, and disgust. Negative aesthetics offer a way of staying with the pain and unrest of trauma in speculative texts. The author posits a lineage of negative aesthetics in the Dominican literary tradition, which we can trace back to the work of the Dominican pessimist writers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. While the writers articulating this outlook were invested in colonial attitudes such as anti-Blackness, however, Indiana puts forth a feminist and queer of color version that continues the aesthetic practice while also offering a radical departure by critiquing colonial and neocolonial categories. This article contends that in her Dominican futurism, Indiana pairs the speculative with negative aesthetics to point toward a future that is hopeful while being attentive to the trauma of the past and present.