bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms Underlying the Antifibrotic Potential of Estradiol for Vocal Fold Fibrosis
Authors: Ozawa Satomi , Mukudai Shigeyuki , Sugiyama Yoichiro , Branski Ryan C. , Hirano Shigeru 
Published: December 2020

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold fibrosis remains a significant clinical challenge. Estrogens, steroid hormones predominantly responsible for secondary sexual characteristics in women, have been shown to alter wound healing and limit fibrosis, but the effects on vocal fold fibrosis are unknown. We sought to elucidate the expression of estrogen receptors and the effects of estrogens on TGF‐β1 signaling in rat vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs).Study DesignIn vitro.MethodsVFFs were isolated from 10‐week‐old, male Sprague–Dawley rats, and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and G protein‐coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) were examined via immunostaining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). VFFs were treated with estradiol (E2, 10−7, 10−8 or 10−9 M) ± transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1, 10 ng/mL). ICI 182,780 (ICI, 10−7 M) or G36 (10−7 M) were employed as antagonists of ERα or GPR30, respectively. qPCR was employed to determine estrogen receptor‐mediated effects of E2 on genes related to fibrosis.ResultsERα and GPR30 were expressed in VFFs at both the protein and the mRNA levels. E2 (10−7 M) did not alter Smad3, Smad7, Acta2 mRNA, or extracellular matrix related genes. However, the combination of E2 (10−8 M) and TGF‐β1 significantly increased Smad7 (P = .03) and decreased Col1a1 (P = .04) compared to TGF‐β1 alone; this response was negated by the combination of ICI and G36 (P = .009).ConclusionsE2 regulated TGF‐β1/Smad signaling via estrogen receptors in VFFs. These findings provide insight into potential mechanisms of estrogens on vocal fold injury with the goal of enhanced therapeutics for vocal fold fibrosis.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:2285–2291, 2021
Answering for yourself versus others: Direct versus indirect estimates of charitable donations
Authors: Jang Hyunkyu , Irwin Julie R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhen researchers ask about behavior in ethical contexts such as charitable giving, they sometimes use indirect questions (e.g., “what would another student donate?”), to allow people to project their actual desires onto the other without social desirability concerns. Despite their prevalence, there is a surfeit of research on whether indirect measures reflect actual behavior better than direct questions (e.g., “how much would you donate”). We addressed this study question, focusing on sensitivity accuracy, which is whether the measure moves up or down as actual behavior does. To measure sensitivity, we elicited direct, indirect, and actual monetary donations from each respondent. Across four studies, and many controls and manipulations, direct measures were significantly more sensitive than indirect measures. Our findings argue for caution in the use of indirect measures of prosocial behavior and also appear to rule out projection as the only/primary driver of indirect responses. Happily, though, these results provide a potential bright spot for researchers: with some minor guidelines and adjustments, direct measures can be, we argue, profitably used to estimate actual behavior in ethical domains.
Environmentally framed eWOM messages of different valence: The role of environmental concerns, moral norms, and product environmental impact
Authors: Filieri Raffaele , Javornik Ana , Hang Haiming , Niceta Aurelio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConsumers are increasingly interested to know about the environmental impact (EI) of products and, at the same time, they form attitudes after reading online consumer reviews. Drawing on negativity bias, schema congruity theory, and norm‐activation model, we investigate the effects of environmentally framed electronic word‐of‐mouth messages of different valence, on perceived review usefulness, product attitude and purchase intention in products with low versus high EI. Two factorial experiments (positive vs. negative reviews; low vs. high EI) were conducted respectively with a sample of 321 Italian and 250 French consumers. The findings of the two studies show a partial support of the moderating role of product EI, suggesting that products perceived to have a high impact on the environment strengthen the impact of a positive or a negative review carrying environmental messages. The effect of a positive and a negative review is contingent upon the level of consumers' environmental concern. Negative reviews of high impact products are more impactful in contexts in which environmental concerns are high, while positive reviews are more significant when environmental concerns are low. The perceived usefulness of a negative review about high impact products influences consumers' attitude and purchase intention when moral norms are high.
#MeToo, #MeThree, #MeFour: Twitter as community building across academic and corporate institutions
Authors: Kachen Axenya , Krishen Anjala S. , Petrescu Maria , Gill Rebecca D. , Peter Paula C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis netnography‐based inquiry of the #MeToo movement on Twitter recognizes the relationships between organizations and individuals in varying levels of power and how social media can mitigate power dynamics in reporting systems for sexual harassment and assault. We study both academia and corporations as cultural institutions within which sexual harassment survivors are historically disenfranchised and convinced not to voice their stories. Distinct elements of these structures create differences in how vulnerable individuals face persecution. This paper explores the relationships between university and corporate contexts within the ecological framework of harassment. Our multidisciplinary study contributes to existing literature by extracting two samples of tweets (n = 1248 university and n = 1290 corporate) with three different unguided analytic tools to explore their semantic meaning, valence and emotionality, and overall sentiment. Drawing from our findings and literature review, we discuss the history of #MeToo as an amplification tool; Twitter as a social movement mechanism; and the roles of power, retaliation, and risk across institutions in relation to survivors of sexual violence and harassment.
Effects of checkpoint kinase 1 inhibition by prexasertib on the tumor immune microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chaudhary Ritu , Slebos Robbert J. C. , Song Feifei , McCleary‐Sharpe Keegan P. , Masannat Jude , Tan Aik Choon , Wang Xuefeng , Amaladas Nelusha , Wu Wenjuan , Hall Gerald E. , Conejo‐Garcia Jose R. , Hernandez‐Prera Juan C. , Chung Christine H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrognosis for patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains poor. Development of more effective and less toxic targeted therapies is necessary for HNSCC patients. Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) plays a vital role in cell cycle regulation and is a promising therapeutic target in HNSCC. Prexasertib, a CHK1 inhibitor, induces DNA damage and cell death, however, its effect on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is largely unknown. Therefore, we evaluated a short‐term and long‐term effects of prexasertib in HNSCC and its TIME. Prexasertib caused increased DNA damage and cell death in vitro and significant tumor regression and improved survival in vivo. The gene expression and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) analyses of the in vivo tumors demonstrated increased expression of genes that are related to T‐cell activation and increased immune cell trafficking, and decreased expression of genes that related to immunosuppression. However, increased expression of genes related to immunosuppression emerged over time suggesting evasion of immune surveillances. These findings in gene expression analyses were confirmed using mIHC which showed differential modulation of TIME in the tumor margins and as well as cores over time. These results suggest that evasion of immune surveillance, at least in part, may contribute to the acquired resistance to prexasertib in HNSCC.
Black Tea Theaflavin Detoxifies Metabolic Toxins in the Intestinal Tract of Mice
Authors: Zhang Shuwei , Ohland Christina , Jobin Christian , Sang Shengmin 
Published: December 2020

ScopeThis study is to determine the in vivo efficacy of black tea theaflavin (TF) to detoxify two metabolic toxins, ammonia and methylglyoxal (MGO), in miceMethods and resultsUnder in vitro conditions, TF is able to react with ammonia, MGO, and hydrogen peroxide to produce its aminated, MGO conjugated, and oxidized products, respectively. In TF‐treated mice, the aminated TF, the MGO conjugates of TF and aminated TF, and the oxidized TF are searched using LC‐MS/MS. The results provide the first in vivo evidence that the unabsorbed TF is able to trap ammonia to form the aminated TF; furthermore, both TF and the aminated TF have the capacity to trap MGO to generate the corresponding mono‐MGO conjugates. Moreover, TF is oxidized to dehydrotheaflavin, which underwent further amination in the gut. By exposing TF to germ‐free (GF) mice and conventionalized mice (GF mice colonized with specific‐pathogen‐free microbiota), the gut microbiota is demonstrated to facilitate the amination and MGO conjugation of TF.ConclusionTF has the capacity to remove the endogenous metabolic toxins through oxidation, amination, and MGO conjugation in the intestinal tract, which can potentially explain why TF still generates in vivo efficacy while showing a poor systematic bioavailability.
Fiber sensor based on Fabry‐Perot/Mach‐Zehnder hybrid interferometer for transverse load and temperature
Authors: Han Yang , Liu Bo , Wu Yongfeng , Mao Yaya , Zhao Lilong , Sun Tingting , Nan Tong , Wang Jin , Tang Rong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA fiber optic sensor based on array of silica microspheres and air cavity have been fabricated in fusion splicer and experimentally demonstrated in this article. The four‐microspheres structure stimulates higher‐order cladding modes of the gaussian beam, and the air cavity acts as a coupler for Mach‐Zehnder interferometer (MZI) on the one hand and a Fabry‐Perot interferometer (FPI) on the other. The sensing head is subjected to temperature and transverse load where the sensitivity of 160 pm/°C and 124.6 pm/N are obtained, respectively. Compared with similar sensors, the sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, low‐cost and practical, and it will have a great market prospect.
A novel and compact 3.5 GHz tunable bandpass filter in SIW technology with shunt‐inductive discontinuities switched by pin diode switches
Authors: Caleffo Ricardo Caranicola , Correra Fatima Salete 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article presents a novel tunable bandpass filter designed in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology to operate at 3.5 GHz, a frequency widely used in 5G and WiMAX systems. The bandpass filter uses shunt‐inductive discontinuities provided by a novel offset post arrangement that resulted in a compact filter. The filter bandwidth is tunable through PIN diode switches connected to the metal posts, allowing three different operation states. The novel tunable filter was fabricated and demonstrated bandwidths of 6.23% and 0.714% centered at 3.5 GHz, with low insertion losses. The measured results are in good agreement with full‐wave simulation results.
COL6A1 related muscular dystrophy in Landseer dogs: A canine model for Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy
Authors: Brands Jan , Steffen Frank , Spennes Jochen , Leeb Tosso , Bilzer Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCollagen VI related myopathies are congenital diseases of variable phenotype. The severe phenotype is referred to as Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy. In this study, we describe analoguos clinical signs and histopathological alterations in Landseer dogs.MaterialsWe collected clinical data from two affected dogs and investigated the neuromuscular changes in five dogs from two different litters with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. All affected dogs were homozygous for the p.Glu97* nonsense variant in the COL6A1 gene encoding the alpha‐1 chain of collagen VI.ResultsMuscle biopsies revealed alterations similar to those in human patients with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy including the virtual absence of collagen VI in skeletal muscles.ConclusionsThe clinical and pathological characterization of the affected Landseer dogs enhances the value of this animal model for human Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy.
Neuromuscular ultrasound competency assessment: Consensus‐based survey
Authors: Tawfik Eman A. , Cartwright Michael S. , Grimm Alexander , Boon Andrea J. , Kerasnoudis Antonios , Preston David C. , Wilder‐Smith Einar , Axer Hubertus , Hobson‐Webb Lisa D. , van Alfen Nens , Crump Nicholas , Shahrizaila Nortina , Inkpen Peter , Mandeville Ross , Sakamuri Sarada , Shook Steven J , Shin Susan , Walker Francis O. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeuromuscular ultrasound is a rapidly evolving specialty with direct application for patient care. Competency assessment is an essential standard needed to ensure quality for practitioners, particularly for those newly acquiring skills with the technique. Our aim was to survey experts' opinions regarding physician competency assessment of neuromuscular ultrasound and to identify minimal competency of knowledge and skills. The opinions of 18 experts were obtained through the Delphi method using two consecutive electronic surveys. A high degree of consensus was achieved on items regarding framework and the conduct of neuromuscular ultrasound assessment and the knowledge and skills that a candidate needs to attain minimal competency in neuromuscular ultrasound. In this study, a group of neuromuscular ultrasound experts developed a general framework for neuromuscular ultrasound competency assessment and recommended testable areas of knowledge and skills suitable for establishing minimal competency.
Nitrogen‐doped porous biomass carbon with ultrastable performance as anodes for potassium‐ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Yi , Huang Zongwang , Zhang Haimin , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Jun , Pan Anqiang , Cai Zhenyang , Liu Sainan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe potential safety hazards and limited lithium resources of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have restricted their practical application. Potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are a novel energy storage technology with great cost advantages and are a promising alternative to LIBs. However, because of the large ionic radius of K+, the common anode materials used in LIBs exhibit a large volumetric expansion and structural collapse in the process of charging and discharging in a KIB. In this work, the prepared nitrogen‐doped porous carbon fibers (P‐CFs) from bombyx mori silk cocoons via a simple KCl activation and high‐temperature carbonization method. The P‐CFs possess a large specific surface area and one‐dimensional porous structure, offering facile storage and fast transport channels for K+ ions. When used as an anode for KIBs, the P‐CFs exhibit a high reversible specific capacity of 275 mAh·g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A·g−1 after 500 cycles and even retain a capacity of 100 mAh·g−1 after 5000 cycles at 2 A·g−1. This study demonstrates a simple strategy for the low‐cost synthesis of nitrogen‐doped porous carbon fibers from an environmental friendly biomaterial, with excellent electrochemical performance as an anode for KIBs.
Rapid template‐guided ligand‐free synthesis of ultrasmall Pt nanoclusters with efficient hydrogen evolution reaction activity and their versatile release
Authors: Chen Lizhen , Azeem Shoaib , Ruan Mingbo , Xu Weilin , Barck Almut , Kornowski Andreas , Parak Wolfgang J. , Chakraborty Indranath 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe design of ligand‐free platinum nanoclusters (PtNCs) for the field of renewable energy is still challenging. Herein, we reported a fast synthesis of ligand‐free Pt nanoclusters (NCs) by utilizing the outer defect of a representative type of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF). Structural investigation suggests a homogenous distribution of the PtNCs on the outer layer of the ZIF‐8 structure. The as‐prepared PtNCs@ZIF‐8 exhibits high catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The extremely low overpotential with 1.4 mV, high kinetic current (specific and mass activity at 50 mV), and larger exchange current density were achieved in acidic solution, better than those of the commercial 20% Pt/C catalysts under the same condition. Furthermore, the PtNCs can be extracted from the ZIF‐8 structure to both aqueous and non‐aqueous solvent, which could be further used for other systems. These findings allow for a simple route of template‐guided NC synthesis and their release.
Expectancy–value theory as a framework to understand the relation between domain‐specific perfectionism and internalizing symptoms in freshman high school students
Authors: Koerten Hannah R. , Dubow Eric F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study explored how domain‐specific perfectionism (academic, social, physical appearance) among high school freshmen relates to internalizing symptoms using critical elements of expectancy–value theory (i.e., domain value and competence) as moderators. Results indicate that perfectionism across all domains was positively and significantly related to internalizing symptoms. Within the social domain, social value was a significant moderator of the relation between perfectionism and internalizing symptoms, and perceived social competence was a significant moderator of that moderation effect (i.e., at higher levels of social value and lower levels of perceived social competence, the relation between perfectionism and internalizing symptoms was the strongest). These findings provide support for the use of the expectancy–value model to predict mental health symptoms in the social domain and suggest the importance of addressing domain‐specific perfectionism in the schools.
Azithromycin for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Razak Abdul , Alshehri Norah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContextAzithromycin has anti‐Ureaplasma and anti‐inflammatory properties that might help reduce lung injury in preterm infants.ObjectiveTo test the efficacy and safety of prophylactic or therapeutic azithromycin in preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants with unknown or proven Ureaplasma status.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library until 13 September 2020. Two authors independently assessed the eligibility, risk of bias, and extracted the data. We performed a random‐effects model meta‐analysis to yield pooled relative risk (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). We used the Cochrane GRADE methodology for summarizing the results.ResultsWe included five randomized clinical trials. The meta‐analysis revealed no significant differences in BPD (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.71, 1.19; low‐quality evidence), death (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.52, 1.10; low‐quality evidence), and BPD or death (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.74, 1.10; low‐quality evidence). However, a significantly lower BPD or death (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70, 0.99) and a trend toward lower BPD (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.66, 1.03) with azithromycin therapy was noted in Ureoplasma positive neonates. No differences in secondary outcomes were noted, except for significantly lower supplemental oxygen days with azithromycin (MD, −6.06; 95% CI, −7.40, −4.72; moderate‐quality evidence). The test for subgroup differences between short (<7 days) and long (>7 days) course of azithromycin were nonsignificant for all the outcomes.ConclusionLow‐quality evidence suggests azithromycin therapy reduces BPD or death in preterm infants with positive Ureoplasma, but not in all preterm infants.
Deep learning for inverse problems in quantum mechanics
Authors: Lantz Victor , Abiri Najmeh , Carlsson Gillis , Pistol Mats‐Erik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInverse problems are important in quantum mechanics and involve such questions as finding which potential give a certain spectrum or which arrangement of atoms give certain properties to a molecule or solid. Inverse problems are typically very hard to solve and tend to be very compute intense. We here show that neural networks can easily solve inverse problems in quantum mechanics. It is known that a neural network can compute the spectrum of a given potential, a result which we reproduce. We find that the (much harder) inverse problem of computing the correct potential that gives a prescribed spectrum is equally easy for a neural network. We extend previous work where neural networks were used to find the electronic many‐particle density given a potential by considering the inverse problem. That is, we show that neural networks can compute the potential that gives a prescribed many‐electron density.
A dissipativity‐based model predictive control algorithm for power flow systems with equilibrium‐independent stability guaranteed
Authors: He Ye , Li Shaoyuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article presents a distributed model predictive control algorithm for power flow systems that can maintain overall stability when the system equilibrium configuration changes. The dynamics of the large‐scale power flow systems can be described by transportation, conversion, and storage of energy among and across subsystems. By strategically choosing the output for each subsystem and augmenting each local model predictive controller with a special passivity‐incremental constraint, the equilibrium‐independent dissipativity property of each closed‐loop subsystem can be guaranteed. The dissipativity‐preserving coupling between subsystems in the power flow system can be utilized to maintain equilibrium‐independent dissipativity and stability of the overall system. Simulation results of a fluid tank system with a changing equilibrium configuration show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Fog computing security and privacy for the Internet of Thing applications: State‐of‐the‐art
Authors: Alzoubi Yehia I. , Osmanaj Valmira H. , Jaradat Ashraf , Al‐Ahmad Ahmad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFog nodes are implemented near to end‐users Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which mitigate the impact of low latency, location awareness, and geographic distribution unsupported features of many IoT applications. Moreover, Fog computing decreases the data offload into the Cloud, which decreases the response time. Despite these benefits, Fog computing faces many challenges in meeting security and privacy requirements. These challenges occur due to the limitations of Fog computing resources. In fact, Fog computing may add new security and privacy issues. Although many papers have discussed the Fog security and privacy issues recently, most of these papers have discussed these issues at a very high level. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of Fog privacy and security issue. In this survey, we review the literature on Fog computing to draw the state‐of‐the‐art of the security and privacy issues raised by Fog computing. The findings of this survey reveal that studying Fog computing is still in its infant stage. Many questions are yet to be answered to address the privacy and security challenges of Fog computing.