bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of the trash biochar and waste of sugarcane to improve the quality of sandy soil and growth of sugarcane
Authors: Hariyono B , Utomo W H , Utami S R , Islami T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An abundance of sugarcane trash (ST) can be converted into soil amendment to improve soil quality. Pot research was carried out in Malang, East Java from October 2013 to October 2014. The research aimed to study changes in the properties of sand-textured soil due to the application of trash biochar and other sugarcane wastes, as well as its effect on sugarcane growth. The study was arranged in a randomized block design with six treatments and three replications. Treatment includes: 1) ST biochar 10 t ha−1; 2) boiler ash 10 t ha−1; 3) ST compost 10 t ha−1; 4) ST biochar 5 t ha−1 + ST compost 5 t ha−1; 5) boiler ash 5 t ha−1 + ST compost 5 t ha−
1; and 6) control (without soil amendment). The treatments improved the physical and chemical properties of sandy soil, namely bulk density, total porosity, available moisture content, aggregate stability, organic-C, total-N, available-P, exchangeable-K, and CEC. However, the improvement of this soil did not affect the growth and yield of sugarcane. Further research is needed to study the effect of residues from the application of biochar on ratoon sugarcane, and research on sugarcane development land.
The hydraulic redistribution on cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) at nursery stage
Authors: Pitono J , Nurhayati H , Syakir M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cashew plants can distribute soil water vertically from waterier subsoil to drier topsoil, called as hydraulic lift (HL). There is no report on its ability to distribute soil water laterally or hydraulic redistribution (HR). This study was conducted at ISMCRI greenhouse from March-October 2018. Cashew varieties B-02 were planted in pot, then set in three treatments : (1) two parts of the roots in water sufficient (WW), (2) one part of the roots in drought stress and one part in water sufficient (WD), and (3) both parts of the roots put in drought stress conditions (DD). The study was arranged in a complete randomized design, nine replications. The results showed proportion of root biomass in drought stress to total root biomass was relatively same between WD and DD (0.4). The soil moisture value in WD plants were significantly higher than that of DD (1-3%) for 7 days period. Water status in plant tissue presented by the leaf water potential, showed the same tendency. The leaf water potential value of WD plants was between DD and WW. These indicated that cashew plants possessed HR ability, being able to transfer soil water laterally and maintained relatively high soil moisture in the roots.
Morphological variations of patchouli putative mutants
Authors: Suhesti S , Susilowati M , Sirait N , Amalia  , Hadipoentyanti E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
World patchouly oil need is almost 90% fulfilled by Indonesia as the main producer, however, their narrow genetic variation is a major obstacle in plant breeding. Chemical mutation such as colchine is believed to be able to wider patchouly genetic variation The aim of this study was to increase patchouly genetic variation using chemical mutagen. The variety of Patchoulina 2 was treated by colchicine on callus stage. Callus irradiated was grown into regeneration medium until formed plantlet and ready to acclimatization. The results showed that there were 15 different morphological putative mutants with different characters. The mutants varied in qualitative characters(leaf shape, leaf color, leaf base, and leaf edge)and quantitative characters(plant height, number of leaf stalks). Two distinguishable main groups of mutants shared 62.62% genetic similarity level based on morphology. These new mutants in this study would be potential to be developed as new varieties along with the morphological characters as their specific identities.
Plant adaptations to anaerobic stress caused by flooding
Authors: Sakagami J-I , Iwata Y , Nurrahma A H I , Siaga E , Junaedi A , Yabuta S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Flooding imposes a severe selection pressure on plants principally because excess water in their surroundings can deprive them of certain basic needs, notably of oxygen and of carbon dioxide and light for photosynthesis. It is one of the major abiotic influences on species’ distribution and agricultural productivity world-wide. A cultivated species, O. glaberrima is origin from Africa that spread to floodplains area along river. Work to develop more tolerant crops or manage flood-prone environments more effectively is also included. Here, recent progress in elucidating the mechanisms determining tolerance versus intolerance to anaerobic stress caused by flooding in higher plants is discussed. This work integrates various specialized approaches ranging from morphology to physiology, and demonstrates how plant biology can be harnessed to improve stress tolerance in an important crop species. Materials and Methods: The research is conducted in various place of fields. As materials of rice and sugarcane, and chilli pepper are used in the experiments. Results and Discussion: We emphasize that Sub1A is not appropriate when selecting and breeding rice cultivars of O. glaberrima for resilience to longer-term submergence. Under these circumstances, a vigorous ethylene-mediated underwater elongation response by leaves is needed to return leaves to air-contact and full photosynthetic activity. Root aerenchyma is formed in waterlogged condition to on the genotype of sugarcane and oxygen in the air is supplied to the root system thorough aerenchyma. The supplied oxygen is used for root system respiration.
Effectiveness of plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to control gall rust of Falcataria moluccana under field conditions
Authors: Wiyono S , Pracoyo A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Gall rust caused by Uromycladium spp. is a most devastating disease of Falcataria moluccana plantations in Indonesia since a decade. There is no effective control measures to suppress rust gall disease. The objectives of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of PGPR on seedlings growth, gall rust severity and growth of young Falcataria moluccana trees. Talc-based powder formulation of PGPR mixtures of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus polymixa and Rhizobium spp. was used. First experiment consisted of testing as a seed treatment by PGPR using four concentrations of PGPR i.e. 0 (untreated), 2.5 g/L, 5 g/Land 10 g/L equal to 1.25 x 106 cfu/L, 2.5 106 cfu/L and 5 x 106 cfu/L. Emergence rate and seedlings growth were evaluated. Second experiment was a field trial using young three months age-seedlings trees under pathogen natural infestation, designed as a complete randomized block design with six replications. Treatments were PGPR 2.5 106 cfu/kg and 5 x 106 cfu/kg, untreated and mancozeb fungicide. Powder formulation of PGPR was mixed with granule NPK fertilizer and applied as soil incorporation at planting date and 42 days after transplanting. Disease severity, plant height and stem diameter were observed weekly at 1 to 11 week after transplanting. Seed treatment with all concentration of PGPR did not affect germination rate, but increased seedlings growth. Moreover, field application of PGPR at the rate of 5 x 106 cfu/kg in PGPR-NPK fertilizer mixture was the best treatment to control galll rust of young plants under field conditions with an effectiveness rate of 42.28%, compared to fungicide treatments which has effectivenes rate of 34.39%. The treatments also enhanced the growth of young plants.
Study of Landscape Plant Nursery in Bogor Regency for Development of Plant Supply Information System
Authors: Syafitri A I , Nasrullah N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Adequate plants supply for the landscape industry depend on the success of nursery to provide a variety of plant. This research aimed to assess features of the landscape plant nursery in Bogor Regency. The aspect of nursery that have been analyzed including aspect of plant, physical features, production and marketing. Another objectives were to create website prototype for online plant marketing. Its were observed 30 nurseries in 10 sub regencies. Research results showed, there were 290 species of plants that are sold which it is consisted of 128 species of groundcovers, 55 species of herbs, 40 species of shrubs, 32 species of trees, 27 species of climber plants, and 8 species of epiphyte.. Based on correlation analysis results, it was found that plant stock was influenced by nursery area, type of nursery, and nursery utilities. Otherwise type of nursery was influenced by nursery area. Success in sales can be achieved by creating a website as a functional media that can provide the information on stock and price of plants at the nurseries in Bogor Regency. The website that have been constructed used a MySQL database system, the local desktop PHP MyAdmin, and CodeIgniter as a system framework.
Control of Conopomorpha cramerella, Helopeltis sp., and Phytophthora palmivora using botanical and biological pesticides
Authors: Siswanto  , Trisawa I M , Karmawati E , Suhesti S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Control of main pests and diseases of cocoa using biopesticides has been carried out on a 10 ha farmer land in the village of Liliariawang, South Sulawesi. The aim is to determine the effectiveness of α-elaeostearic acid and Citronellal formulas of botanical pesticides, and Beauveria bassiana of biological pesticide on pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella), fruit suckers (Helopeltis spp.), and fruit rot (Phytophthora palmivora) of cocoa. The treatments were arranged in a randomized group. Sampling was carried out systematically as much as 120 healthy cocoa fruits <8 cm long from about 40 sample plants in each treatment to observe the extent of damage. The sample fruits are sprayed treatments every 2 weeks until harvest. Observations were made on the degree of damage to the fruits and their effects on non-target organisms such as natural enemies of pests. The results shows that both of botanical pesticides and biological pesticide can reduce the intensity attacks of the cocoa pests and diseases. Yield loss in all treatments were below 10%, lower and significantly different compared to control which reach 36,5%. In addition to reducing damage caused by pests, the quality and weight of the cocoa beans produced was better than the control.
Selection of Korean heat tolerant rice lines in West Java irrigated lowland agro-ecosystem
Authors: Susanto U , Rohaeni W R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
One condition in global climate change era is increasing of world temperature which is approaching critical point of rice plant adaptation. Thus, heat tolerant rice variety is needed. Indonesian Centre for Rice Research (ICRR) and RDA (Rural Development Administration) of Korea through ASEAN-Korean Economic Cooperatives collaborates to breed heat tolerant rice variety. In this regard, 150 BC1F5 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) along with 5 checks was tested following Augmented Design of five blocks. Transplanting was conducted at 21 days after sowing on 25 cm x 25 cm planting space in 2 m x 5 m square plots. The results showed that SR34132(41)-1-1-1 (13.00 t/ha) and SR34132(11)-1-1 -1 (11.65 t/ha) had higher yield than the best check Inpari 42 Agritan GSR (8.23 t/ha). The first line had big grain size (27.72 g) and medium productive tiller (15 tillers), while the second had more productive tiller (23 tillers) even though had low filled grain/panilce, seed set, and grain size (21.60 g). There were 69 lines having comparable yield with Inpari 42 Agritan GSR. Combining high yield with heat tolerance traits is feasible for Indonesian agro ecosystem condition. Further testing to confirm the tolerance of the lines to heat stress is needed.
Determining the season pattern based on soil moisture under tropical monsoon climate
Authors: Ariyanto D P , Priswita R P W , Komariah  , Sumani  , Senge M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Climate change increased the variability of maximum and minimum air temperature and rainfall. Air temperature and rainfall, which are parts of weather components, have been become uncertain and may affecting soil moisture. The dry and wet season onset based on rainfall may resulted in different definition if using soil moisture. This research aims to analyze the difference between air temperature and soil moisture inline graphic as parameter of season onset. The climate and soil moisture data were collected from November 2016 to December 2018. The climate and soil moisture data were collected from Jumantono weather station and soil moisture logger, respectively, in Karanganyar District, Indonesia. The results showed air temperature and soil moisture (maximum and minimum) patterns were different. The minimum soil moisture occurred in the dry season, but not the lowest minimum air temperature.
Methane emission from Male Kacang Goat fed with different concentrate composition
Authors: Yanti Y , Rabbani M S J , Widyawati S D , Suprayogi W P S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Methane is the second-largest greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide in contributing to global warming, which is the main driving to climate change. The emission of methane from enteric fermentation was the greatest contributor to agricultural emissions. Controls the component in the feed is one of the strategies for the reduction of methane emission from the rumen. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different concentrate composition on methane emission and energy utilization in male Kacang goat. Twelve male goats, age 7 months and body weight (BW) 9.23 ± 1.42 kg, were assigned to a completely randomized design. The treatment was the different composition of protein (P) and energy (TDN) of their feed. The treatments included T1 (P 8.28%, TDN 56.70%), T2 (P 8.53%, TDN 61.30%), T3 (P 9.81%, TDN 57.70%) and T4 (P 10.09%, TDN 61.26%) with three replications in each treatment. There were no differences in gross energy intake, digestible energy, energy digestibility, and methane emission. The results of gross energy intake, digestible energy, energy digestibility, and methane energy were 2.67 MJ/kg BW0.75/day, 1.80 MJ/kg BW0.75/day, 67.09% and 7.78 MJ/100 MJ GEI, consecutively. The difference in concentrate composition does not have any adverse effect on methane emission.
Mechanical characterization and experimental modal analysis of 3D Printed ABS, PC and PC-ABS materials
Authors: Kannan Sridharan , Ramamoorthy Manoharan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) process builds the parts, layer by layer precisely from Computer-Aided Design (CAD) models, whereas traditional subtractive manufacturing process removes layers from materials to attain the desired shape. Of late Rapid prototyped (RP) parts are used for the direct production of components for manufacturing and testing in the industries. Understanding material, machine used along with the process variables that affect the strength of the final part gains importance as the parts can be printed directly from CAD data and effectively integrated into structures. The main aim of this investigation is to present the mechanical characterization and free vibration analysis of various 3D printed Engineering Plastic Materials. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polycarbonate (PC), and Polycarbonate–Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (PC-ABS) materials are used in this study. Spools are prepared from plastic pellets using wire extruder. Tensile tests have been performed on dog bone specimens to evaluate strength, fractured specimen’s surfaces which are further evaluated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) to explore fracture of the raster and bonding between layers. From the experimental results it’s noticed that the PC-ABS material exhibits improved elastic limit and load-carrying capacity compared with ABS and PC. Three types of beams are fabricated using different materials and modal analysis has been conducted to predict the stiffness of beams in terms of natural frequencies under clamped free (CF) and clamped clamped (CC) end conditions. Higher natural frequencies observed with PC-ABS is compared with the rest of the materials.
One-step fabrication of thermal sprayed polymer coating on metals
Authors: Tailor Satish , Vashistha Nitesh , Modi Ankur , Modi S C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study presents the polymer coating onto metal-based structures by the thermal spray process. The deposition of polymers onto metal substrate has been developed by controlling the temperature in conventional thermal spray process. Properties of final polymer coating are investigated, such as microstructural, crystallization, mechanical, friction and corrosion properties. The objective of this is to deposit a polymer coating by controlling temperature in conventional thermal spray process and evaluate the coating properties for specific applications such as polymer coating on vacuum pump screws as abrasion resistant coating and on Kevlar fabric to provide strength for bullet proof soft armor vest for defense application. This study reports that as-sprayed coating can be used without post processing like annealing and filing. As-sprayed PEEK coating has a considerable hardness and adhesion strength found to be 17 ± 5 HV, 16 ± 3.0 MPa, respectively. However, post annealing treatment may introduce further improvements in wear and friction resistant properties of the final polymer coating system. The microhardness value has increased from 17 HV to 29 HV in average. The annealed semi-crystalline coatings exhibit the slightly lower friction coefficient than amorphous coating (as-sprayed); 0.31 in average versus 0.36. The wear rate of annealed coating is lower than the as-sprayed coating, decreased by approx 50% (10.5 in average versus 20.5 × 10− 6 mm3 N−1 m−1). The PEEK coating protects the base metal against corrosion and life against corrosion is found to be 25.4 μm.y−1; 81.75% efficiency in reduction of corrosion with respect to steel exposed in 5% NaCl solution.
Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of novel quaternary biodegradable extruded Mg–1Zn–0.2Ca-xAg alloys
Authors: Ma Yingzhong , Wang Dexin , Li Hongxiang , Yuan Fusong , Yang Changlin , Zhang Jishan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the anastomotic surgery, the currently used degradable magnesium alloys are facing some bottleneck problems such as lower mechanical properties and slower degradation rate. In this study, the novel biodegradable extruded Mg–1Zn–0.2Ca-xAg (x = 0, 1, 2, 4) alloys will be developed and the corresponding microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion properties after Ag addition will be investigated. The results indicate that with the Ag addition, the grain size is refined due to fully dynamic recrystallization and Ag17Mg54 phase, an important strengthening phase, begin to be precipitated in the Ag-contained alloys. Due to the stronger solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening, the Mg–1Zn–0.2Ca-4Ag alloy attains the highest ultimate tensile strength among all the alloys. Moreover, Ag element also enhances the electrode potential of the matrix, reduces the susceptibility of pitting corrosion and accelerates the corrosion rate of the alloys by micro-galvanic corrosion between the second phases and the matrix from the analyses of corrosion products and 3D Volta potential map. As a result, 4Ag alloys attain the fastest degradation rate among all the alloys. Combing the mechanical and corrosion results, it can be seen that 4Ag alloys, as novel biodegradable magnesium alloys, can meet the requirement of anastomotic surgery preferably, exhibiting the better application prospects.
Investigation into corrosion and wear behaviors of laser-clad coatings on Ti6Al4V
Authors: Zhang Yunlong , Li Jun , Jiang Yunqiang , Kang Danning , Juan Yongfei , Lu Zhongjie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
TiAlCoCrxFeNihigh-entropy alloys (HEAs) coatings were fabricated on the surface of Ti6Al4V by laser cladding. Their microstructural evolution with the increase in x value (x = 0, x = 1.0, x = 2.0) was investigated in detail. Besides that, the investigation into the effects of the Cr content on their corrosion behaviors and mechanical properties (in terms of hardness and wear resistance) was also carried out comprehensively. The results indicated that two kinds of phases (a solid solution with thehexagonal close-packed (HCP) structureand Ti2Ni) were synthesized in the coatings, and the HCP content was gradually increased with the increase in x accompanied with the decrease in Ti2Ni content. A HEA coating only composed of single HCP was successfully prepared when x reached 2.0. The electrochemical and immersion tests all confirmed that the coating with x = 2.0demonstrated the most excellent corrosion resistance in a0.1 mol·L−1 HCl solution from different aspects including corrosion tendency and corrosion rate without the applied potential, the formation difficult/stability of the passive film and the dissolution rate in the passive state, and corrosion surface morphology. The averagemicrohardness values of the coatings weregraduallyincreasedfrom 656HV0.2 to 800 HV0.2with increasing xfrom 0 to 2.0, which wereabout double that of the substrate (350 HV0.2). Wear resistance of the coatings also exhibited the upward tendency with increasing the x values (0.562 mm3 at x = 2.0, 0.640 mm3 at x = 1.0, 0.641 mm3 at x = 0 and 1.419 mm3 for the substrate). More Cr addition into the cladding material will contribute to the formation of a HEA coating composed of single HCPwith excellent corrosion and wear resistance.
Sliding wear behavior of AZ91/B4C surface composites produced by friction stir processing
Authors: Patle Hemendra , Ratna Sunil B , Dumpala Ravikumar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the present study, the surface of AZ91 Mg alloy was modified by incorporating boron carbide (B4C) particles using friction stir processing (FSP). Sliding wear behavior of these developed AZ91/B4C surface composites was investigated against AISI 52100 steel ball using linear reciprocating tribometer. Hardness tests reveal that the hardness of the fabricated surface composite (∼137.47 HV) is significantly increased compared to the base metal (∼95.5 HV) due to the presence of B4C particles. Wear tests were conducted on the samples at two different sliding velocities; 0.06 m s−1 and 0.12 m s−1. It was observed that at higher sliding velocity of 0.12 m s−1, AZ91/B4C surface composite exhibited lower friction coefficient value in comparison to that of the base metal, whereas it is vice versa at the low sliding velocity of 0.06 m s−1. However, surface composites exhibited superior wear resistance at both the sliding velocities, in comparison to that of the base metal. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis of the wear tracks were carried out to understand the wear mechanisms. From the observations, a combination of abrasive, adhesive, and oxidative wear mechanisms were found to be prominent.