bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The View of Political Islam on Islamophobia: The Example of the National Outlook Movement
Authors: Ülger Uğur 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Islamophobia is a cultural based discrimination which targets the Muslim community. This research tries to be evaluate Islamophobia is from the viewpoint of Islamists in Turkey. As an Islamist group the National Outlook movement is chosen since they are the most prominent and effective Islamist group in Turkish society and politics. The National Outlook movement’s view of Islamophobia has common features about Islam with Islamophobic groups. And while discussing Islamophobia, they direct the same evil to Christian and Jewish society as Islamophobic groups direct towards Islam.
Disputes Between the National States and Ethnic Identities with the Basque Example
Authors: Dayioglu Attila Gokhun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Ethnicity in the historical process has been the main subject of political, economic, military and geographical change. Ethnicity, which was identical to the identity of tribes and clans before empires formed the basis of different phenomena in multi-ethnic national states. In this context, terms such as nation, race, ethnic minority, national minority etc. are used synonymously. The international structure formed aft er the collapse of the bipolar system. Concepts such as ethnic, ethnic group, minority, national minority, ethnic minority, nation, nation-state, ethnic-state, ethnic problems, ethnic discrimination have been brought to the agenda again and these concepts’ qualities and meanings have started to be reconsidered by scholars.
Ethnic issues not only affect internal politics but also external and international politics for countries which have ethnic groups in their society. Therefore, these effects are causing the questioning of the system of national-states which underlies the international system.
The Basque problem is characterised by the nationalist movements of the Basque society which is struggling for independence in Spain from the past to the present (the Basque society has been struggling for independence in Spain since 17th century) or who are working hard to achieve their special status. From the demands for privileges of the Basque separatist movement in Spain, the Basque problem is of great importance for the current Spanish political system.
In order to solve the problem, it is necessary to examine the mutual demands and solutions of Spain and the Basque Country. From this point of view, the Spanish Administration should be directed towards moderate policies and take into account the conditions of the region. The constitution must also guarantee individual and cultural rights. This study aims to observe the problems between the Basques and Spain historically and to understand the Basque ethnic phenomenon better.
Social Constructivism in IR — A Short Success Story?
Authors: Chwedczuk-Szulc Karol 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article aims to present selected elements of SC’s development in the field of International Relations (IR) theory. It underlines the role played by sociology of knowledge and the transformative moment of the end of the Cold War. The main focus of this article is put on the process of mainstreaming SC in IR. This articles presents a summary, reminding one the fundamental premises of SC and their potential in IR and in social sciences in general. It is especially important today, as we face the situation where “everyone writes, but no one reads anymore” (Bok, 2015).
Essay on Politica (Politics and Policy) Once Again
Authors: Czajowski Andrzej 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Though the term “policy” has already been discussed extensively before, it appears to be in need of a critical review in meaning and context. In this essay, the criticism stems from the term “policy of the law”, which was introduced into the political science literature over 120 years ago by Leon Petrażycki, the outstanding creator of psychological theory of the law and the only world-known Polish lawyer. The term itself is false and incorrect as it’s equal to the term “policy of the policy”. Law is a political phenomenon cocreating policy. In addition, the concept of policy of the law is characterised by idealism bordering on naivety. Because of the place of L. Petrażycki in Polish tradition of the theory of law, references to his concept of policy of the law are made constantly in an attempt to apply this concept in scientific and practical considerations. It is time to leave it to the domain of history of legal theory.
Another criticism was brought about by the title of the third chapter of Polish Energy Law Act — “Energy Policy”. This entire act and a number of other legal acts regulating the acquisition of energy sources and energy management comprise energy policy. The energy policy also includes various types of programs, actions and decisions of the participants of energy policy. The criticism of the incompetent use of the term “energy policy” is an opportunity to stress the role of policy in the process of meeting human needs.
Thirdly, the term “policy” is determined by discussing an element of its structure: political thought. The essay presents the role of political thought in relation to economy, culture, independence, systems and other domains of human activity. The understanding of political thought as a reflection on policy or views on policy is questioned here. Political thought is not a reflection about the policy. Instead, political thought is a political decision which cocreates policy. It is a postulative decision resulting from scientific or common reflection on policy.
The Operational Environment in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Possible Scenarios.
Authors: Bojor Laviniu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The permanent tendency to invest huge budgets of money in research and development in order to create military capabilities that will allow hitting a large number of targets in a short time and in an extended battlespace continues to be the main direction for neutralizing a possible opponent in the military conflicts. Due to current scientific and technological advances, the focus nowadays is on using artificial intelligence (AI) with the purpose of dominating the operational environment in the theatres of operation (TO). The present paper aims to identify how AI will shape the operational environment of future military conflicts.
Considerations Concerning the Necessity of Existence a Modern Military Information System in the Current Geopolitical and Geostrategic Context
Authors: Pînzariu Sorin , Diaconu Ana-Maria 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The latest military actions carried out at global level have highlighted, besides the number, the quality and diversity of the participants in the multinational operations and the differences, not at all negligible, regarding the capabilities of these actors to participate in military actions characterized by a high technical level and technologically, but not only. One of the areas that generated a real lack of standardization, with obvious impact on the operational compatibility of the various participants was that of communications and informatics and, implicitly, of the insurmountable differences between different information subsystems as parts of the information systems of the multinational operations. From this perspective, it became evident that the performance of each participant in the military actions of a multinational character was and we consider that it will be permanently conferred by their technical ability to cope with the information avalanche and to integrate into the information system of the mission.
From the IoT to the IoBT. The Path to Superior Situational Understanding
Authors: Popescu Florin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In order to maintain and improve its competitive advantage, the ability of 21st-century armies to recognize, anticipate, adapt and manipulate IoT on the future battlefield is important. The explosive growth of innovation in the commercial sector which utilizes the integration of cloud computing, mobile communications, sensor data collection networks and artificial intelligence is a major challenge for the military. A new concept, still untapped, called the Battlefield Things Internet (IoBT) comes from here.
Training Needs of Military Students on Intercultural Competence
Authors: Matei Florentina-Lavinia , Lincă Florentina-Ionela 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present research aims to identify the training needs of military students and their perceptions about the importance and necessity of training the intercultural competence, before participating in an international mobility stage. Their mobility takes place within the international Erasmus Plus program. The questionnaire that was the basis of this research had two dimensions. Following the processing of the results, it was found that the students need to be well trained before interacting with a new culture.
Challenges in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Man Gabriela-Maria , Man Mihaela 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The beginning of the twenty-first century represents the beginning of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which, unlike its predecessors, is characterized by great digitalization, higher connections between physical things and the virtual world, the development of genetics, artificial intelligence, hyper connectivity. These characteristics have generated many changes in the way work is performed. In order to meet these challenges, employees must increase their flexibility in the way they perceive work time, wages, tasks, workspace and so on. And, in an era of technology and digitalization, employees must keep their skills and knowledge, related to new technology, up to date. Several other aspects related to employability will be discussed in this article.
The Impact of Government Emergency Ordinance No. 114/2018 on the Profitability of Companies Acting in Energy Domain, Listed on Bucharest Stock Exchange
Authors: Vasiu Diana Elena 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
On December 29, 2018, the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 114/2018 has been published. This Ordinance, among others, established a multitude of measures, both economic and fiscal that aimed companies acting in the energy field. The monetary contribution, received from the license holders in the field of energy, was set at the level of 2 %, which means an increase of 20 times of this duty. These companies also have the obligation to sell the natural gas quantities, resulting from the current domestic production activity, at the price of 68 lei / MWh to eligible suppliers and final customers. All these measures have had a direct impact on companies acting in the energy field, affecting their profitability and simultaneously their ability to carry out investment projects. This paper analyzes the way the e companies listed on Bucharest Stock Exchange, acting in energy field, were affected by Government Emergency Ordinance no. 114/2018 measures.
Design of Combinational Logic Circuit Prober
Authors: Abdulhamid Mohanad , Masimba Okoth 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to design and implement a logic circuit prober to display truth tables of a three input combinational logic circuit. The truth table is to be as “1” and “0” on an ordinary 60 MHz oscilloscope. This paper meets this objective by using Lissajous Patterns to plot a “0” or a “1” on the oscilloscope screen. To plot a “0” on the oscilloscope screen, two sinusoidal signals in quadrature are supplied to the two inputs of the oscilloscope with the scope set to X-Y mode. To plot a “1” on the oscilloscope, only the signal to the Y input is allowed to reach the oscilloscope screen. To display all the 32 patterns required to obtain a three input truth table, two staircase waveforms are employed. The staircase waveforms, one eight-step and the other four-step, are added to the two sinusoidal signals to shift the patterns along the X and Y directions to produce all the 32 patterns.
Research of the Awareness and Preparedness for Floods of Foreigners Temporarily Residing in Bulgaria (Varna)
Authors: Romanova Hristianna , Yotov Todor , Zahariev Vili 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A survey of 230 young people from 12 countries from Europe and Asia has been made. A high percentage of respondents (42 %) have experienced a flood. Most respondents (64.6 %) have not been informed whether they live in a flood-risk area. Self-assessment of respondents’ ability to provide first aid in flood situations is high (75 %), but the overall disaster preparedness is low because 78.9 % of respondents say they feel unprepared. The awareness and readiness of the studied group of 230 young foreigners temporarily residing the country are evaluated as follows: very good in providing CPR; with a good knowledge of flood epidemic consequences 80 % will take effective measures against the risk of intestinal contagious disease, and 81.5% will be saved from drowning because they can swim; lower, but still good preparedness for wound and arterial bleeding first aid (close to 40 %), mechanisms of contamination transmission by means of objects (33,3 %), use of disinfectants in the case of epidemics (45,4 %); very low readiness for rapid evacuation incases of floods and other disasters (only 5.3 % have a bug-out bag), etc.
Estimating Natural Rate of Interest and Equilibrium Exchange Rate: A Case of the Czech Republic
Authors: Pikhart Zdeněk , Froňková Pavla 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Article deals with estimating real natural interest rate and exchange rate to construct monetary conditions index suitable for the Czech open economy. Despite unobservable characteristics of underlying interest rates and exchange rate, the importance of reference indicators for monetary policy is crucial. Proposed monetary condition index in gap form examines monetary impulse on economic and credit cycle in inflation targeting model.
Modelling CAR Export from Slovakia to the United Kingdom - Vector Error Correction Approach
Authors: Pitoňáková Renáta 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of the article is to identify determinants of export of road vehicles from Slovakia to the United Kingdom. The Error correction model is based on monthly data from January 2008 to November 2018. The modelling identifies short and long-run effects of real effective exchange rate, inflation rate and industrial production on foreign demand of transport equipment. The real effective exchange rate indicates competitiveness of domestic producers towards most important trade partners, inflation rate of Slovakia is a proxy for macroeconomic environment and industrial production of the UK stands in for the income variable. The results suggest that export of road vehicles is in the long-run impacted by exchange rate and industrial production. The appreciation of exchange rate reduces export from SR to the UK while rising income increases foreign demand. In the short-run trading with motor vehicles is impacted by all three explanatory variables. The Error correction term indicates that roughly 30 % of disequilibrium in the previous month will be corrected in the current month. The implications are for governing bodies to manage the current commodity framework which is at present mainly oriented on machinery and transport equipment and to support companies from other industries aiming to create more diversified export commodity structure.
Financialization and the Labor Share of Income
Authors: Özdemir Onur 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Financialization has been growing importance in macroeconomic perspectives since the finance-dominated capitalist relations have captured many of the specific positions in an aggregate economy. However, the empirical literature has substantially ignored the examination of the link between an increasing scale of financialization and the rising income inequality. In this study, a major hypothesis is based on the fact that the finance-dominated capitalism has a considerable effect on distributional practices through the channels of bargaining power. By applying the Kaleckian approach, the paper investigates the relationship between financialization and the labor share of national income using a panel dataset of 52 countries over the 1992-2012 period. The results suggest that a higher level of stock market development leads to a more unequal distribution of income and, thus, to the decline of wage share in the national income. Other factors such as globalization and technical change can also exacerbate the decline of wages, coupled with a decrease in the bargaining position of labor measured by unemployment rate and labor force participation rate.
Changing structure of Employment in Europe: Polarization Issue
Authors: Náplava Radek 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In recent years, labor markets have experienced a polarization phenomenon, with the rise of low-skill and high-skill workers, and a decline in the number of middle-skill workers. The polarization of the labor market has been most often investigated in the US, UK, and some European countries. This paper shows the changes in the employment structure in all EU countries between 2008 and 2017. Attention is also paid to the Czech Republic and change during 1993 and 2017. The added value of the article lies in two factors. The first is the division of skills by industry in which the worker is located and not by occupational classification, the second is an explicit view of the Czech Republic. The results provide some evidence about the polarization of the labor market in twenty-one EU countries. Results imply polarization also in the Czech Republic during a longer period, because the number of high-skilled and low-skilled workers increased by 6.63 p. p. and by 1.16 p. p. respectively, at the expense of middle-skilled workers.
The effect of financial development on income inequality in Turkey: An estimate of the Greenwood-Jovanovic hypothesis
Authors: Koçak Emrah , Uzay Nısfet 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper is the first to examine the linear and nonlinear effect of financial development on income inequality in Turkey over the period of 1980-2013. Financial development is represented by disaggregated and aggregated indicators. In this way, the effects of various financial indicators on income inequality are explained. Maki (2012) structural breaks co-integration test, and Stock and Watson (1993) dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methods are followed for empirical analysis. Finally, the fully modified least squares (FM-OLS) regression analysis method developed by Philips and Hansen (1990) is used for robustness check. The estimation results of the linear relationship indicate that financial development is a mitigating effect on income inequality. These results support the inequality-narrowing hypothesis. The non-linear relationship results show that financial development first increases income inequality but after financial development reaches a certain level, this effect is reversed and financial development reduces income inequality. These results support the Greenwood-Jovanovic hypothesis. All the results strongly suggest that financial development is a mitigating or improving effect on income inequality over the long-run.
The Impact of ICT Penetration on Deforestation: A Panel Data Evidence
Authors: Yilmaz Rasim , Koyuncu Cuneyt 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A growing number of case studies and reports suggest that Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) play an important role in fighting against deforestation, and the penetration of ICT help decrease deforestation in a different part of world’s forests. The aim of this study is to test whether diffusion of ICT contributes to decreasing in deforestation in the world. For this purpose, the effect of ICT penetration on deforestation is estimated by using bivariate and multivariate fixed time effect models. In the sample selection process, those countries having 2% or more forest area as a percentage of total land area we included in our analysis. The largest sample includes 174 countries. The period under study is between 1991 and 2012. It is found that ICT penetration is significantly and negatively associated with deforestation. The results are robust to the inclusion of a number of control variables as well as different indicators of ICT penetration and deforestation as such all available four ICT indicators and two deforestation indicators are used. To avoid potential spurious regression problems in the analyses, the original models are re-estimated by using the stationary forms of all independent and dependent variables. A strong negative correlation between ICT indicators and deforestation indicators is also supported by the findings of re-estimated bivariate and multivariate models. Empirical evidence at the macro level provided in this paper confirms the results mentioned in the case studies.
Private Property Rights, Government Interventionism and Welfare Economics
Authors: Jankovic Ivan , Block Walter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We develop a critique of government interventionism based on the Misesian calculation argument against socialism. If private property rights and relative prices based on supply and demand are necessary for successful economic coordination, then conventional market failure theories cannot be sustained. Government interventionism based on the idea of correcting “market failures” is analytically just a milder form of socialist central planning. Between the two, there are only differences in degree, not in kind. We criticize several public choice and law and economics scholars for disregarding this Misesian angle in their market failure theories. In our view they are reducible to arguments based on a fallacious political economy while perpetuating false neoclassical economic analysis of market failure theorists. We claim that government interventionism is just a milder form of socialist central planning. Therefore, the traditional arguments against the efficiency of central planning also apply to government interventions aiming at fixing market failures. In particular, we maintain that governments face the “knowledge problem”, which means that they cannot determine the optimal allocation of resources. In section two of this paper we discuss market failure and economic calculation. Section three is given over to our claim that the “Nirvana fallacy” is itself fallacious. The burden of section four is to address Coase and consequences. We conclude in section five.