bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutron scattering in photosynthesis research: recent advances and perspectives for testing crop plants
Authors: Nagy Gergely , Garab Győző 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe photosynthetic performance of crop plants under a variety of environmental factors and stress conditions, at the fundamental level, depends largely on the organization and structural flexibility of thylakoid membranes. These highly organized membranes accommodate virtually all protein complexes and additional compounds carrying out the light reactions of photosynthesis. Most regulatory mechanisms fine-tuning the photosynthetic functions affect the organization of thylakoid membranes at different levels of the structural complexity. In order to monitor these reorganizations, non-invasive techniques are of special value. On the mesoscopic scale, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been shown to deliver statistically and spatially averaged information on the periodic organization of the thylakoid membranes in vivo and/or, in isolated thylakoids, under physiologically relevant conditions, without fixation or staining. More importantly, SANS investigations have revealed rapid reversible reorganizations on the timescale of several seconds and minutes. In this paper, we give a short introduction into the basics of SANS technique, advantages and limitations, and briefly overview recent advances and potential applications of this technique in the physiology and biotechnology of crop plants. We also discuss future perspectives of neutron crystallography and different neutron scattering techniques, which are anticipated to become more accessible and of more use in photosynthesis research at new facilities with higher fluxes and innovative instrumentation.
A longitudinal literature review of life cycle costing applied to urban agriculture
Authors: Peña Alexandra , Rovira-Val M. Rosa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this research is to carry out a literature review of the use of life cycle costing (LCC) in the urban agriculture (UA) sector by analysing its evolution over a 22-year period from its beginning in 1996 to July 2018.

Methods
A total of 442 references were obtained from two principal databases, Scopus and Web of Science (WoS). After a long refining process, 20 (4.5%) references containing the keywords LCC and UA were selected for analysis. Then, we classified and organized the selected references in 4 groups. Qualitative methods were used for analysis, and results on general characteristics of the 20 references and by each group were elaborated. Lastly, we discussed and concluded the most significant findings. Limitations and future research were also included.

Results and discussion
Our major findings were as follows: (i) urban horticulture was the most studied urban agriculture practice among studies that used LCC for UA; (ii) LCC plays a secondary role in its integration with LCA; (iii) only 4 of the10 papers in group 1 used additional financial tools; (iv) very few (3) papers appropriately applied the four main LCC stages; and on the other side, essential costs like infrastructure, labour, maintenance, and end-of-life were frequently not included.

Conclusions
Since we found that life cycle assessment (LCA) was the predominant methodology, we suggest that future research apply both LCA and LCC analyses at the same level. The LCC analysis was quite incomplete in terms of the costs included in each LCC stage. We recommend that the costs at the initial or construction stage be considered a necessity in future studies in order to implement these new systems on a large scale. Due to the limited use of labour cost at the operation stage, we also suggest that labour be included as an essential part of the urban production process. Finally, for more complete LCC analysis for UA, we recommend (i) that all LCC stages be considered and (ii) that additional financial tools, such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period (PBP), be used to complement the LCC analysis.
Copper Levels in Patients with Unexplained Dysplastic Cytopenia
Authors: Butcher Dominic , Deplano Simona , Lofaro Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCopper deficiency can produce changes mimicking myelodysplasia, but its prevalence among haematology patients is unknown. This study evaluates the prevalence of deficiency in a population of patients with unexplained cytopenia(s) and dysplasia. Of 17 patients recruited, only one was found to have a low copper level. This is the first study evaluating hypocupremia in patients with isolated haematological manifestations. Our results suggest that copper deficiency is uncommon in this population, and the routine measurement of copper seems unlikely to be cost-effective. We recommend a risk-assessed approach to testing based on the identification of risk factors and of signs suggestive of deficiency.
Human posture recognition based on multiple features and rule learning
Authors: Ding Weili , Hu Bo , Liu Han , Wang Xinming , Huang Xiangsheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of skeleton data for human posture recognition is a key research topic in the human-computer interaction field. To improve the accuracy of human posture recognition, a new algorithm based on multiple features and rule learning is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a 219-dimensional vector that includes angle features and distance features is defined. Specifically, the angle and distance features are defined in terms of the local relationship between joints and the global spatial location of joints. Then, during human posture classification, the rule learning method is used together with the Bagging and random subspace methods to create different samples and features for improved classification performance of sub-classifiers for different samples. Finally, the performance of our proposed algorithm is evaluated on four human posture datasets. The experimental results show that our algorithm can recognize many kinds of human postures effectively, and the results obtained by the rule-based learning method are of higher interpretability than those by traditional machine learning methods and CNNs.
Erfassung der fachspezifischen Qualität von Mathematikunterricht: Faktorenstruktur und Zusammenhänge zur professionellen Kompetenz von Mathematiklehrpersonen
Authors: Jentsch Armin , Schlesinger Lena , Heinrichs Hannah , Kaiser Gabriele , König Johannes , Blömeke Sigrid 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie deutschsprachige Unterrichtsforschung unterscheidet bereits seit längerem drei Basisdimensionen der Unterrichtsqualität: Effiziente Klassenführung, konstruktive Unterstützung und Potential zur kognitiven Aktivierung. Da die drei Basisdimensionen als fächerübergreifende Konzeptualisierung der Unterrichtsqualität gelten, stellt sich aus fachdidaktischer Sicht die Frage, inwieweit dieses Modell die Charakteristika von Mathematikunterricht hinreichend abbilden kann. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde ein Beobachtungsinstrument zur Erfassung der Unterrichtsqualität im Mathematikunterricht der unteren Sekundarstufe entwickelt, das sowohl generische als auch fachspezifische Merkmale erfassen soll. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Faktorenstruktur dieses Beobachtungsinstruments sowie Zusammenhänge zu fachspezifischen Kompetenzfacetten der beobachteten Mathematiklehrpersonen zur Validitätsprüfung. Qualität von Mathematikunterricht wurde durch hoch-inferente Ratingskalen operationalisiert und von geschulten Beobachtenden in 156 Unterrichtsstunden eingeschätzt. Die deskriptiven Kennwerte weisen auf eine akzeptable Messqualität der Ratingskalen hin. Eine explorative Faktorenanalyse zeigt, dass dem Beobachtungsinstrument eine vierdimensionale Struktur zugrunde liegt, die als die drei Basisdimensionen sowie eine vierte Dimension, fachdidaktische Strukturierung, gedeutet wird. Für drei der vier Qualitätsdimensionen finden sich mindestens schwach positive Korrelationen mit den fachspezifischen Kompetenzfacetten der Lehrpersonen, allerdings nicht für die Klassenführung. Die Ergebnisse werden in Bezug auf die Fachspezifität des Beobachtungsinstruments und die Konzeptualisierung von Unterrichtsqualität diskutiert.
Reflective Intuitions about the Causal Theory of Perception across Sensory Modalities
Authors: Roberts Pendaran , Allen Keith , Schmidtke Kelly 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany philosophers believe that there is a causal condition on perception, and that this condition is a conceptual truth about perception. A highly influential argument for this claim is based on intuitive responses to Gricean-style thought experiments. Do the folk share the intuitions of philosophers? Roberts et al. (2016) presented participants with two kinds of cases: Blocker cases (similar to Grice’s case involving a mirror and a pillar) and Non-Blocker cases (similar to Grice’s case involving a clock and brain stimulation). They found that a substantial minority agreed that seeing occurs in the Non-Blocker cases, and that in the Blocker cases significantly less agreed that seeing occurs. They thus hypothesized that folk intuitions better align with a no blocker condition than with a causal condition. This paper continues this line of enquiry with two new experiments. The paper investigates the generality and robustness of Roberts et al.’s findings by expanding the sense modalities tested from only vision to audition and olfaction as well. The paper also uses Gricean-style thought experiments as a case study for investigating the “reflection defense” against the negative project in experimental philosophy. Our results replicate and extend Roberts et al.’s study and support their hypothesis that folk intuitions better align with a no blocker condition. They also provide an empirical reason to doubt the reflection defense.
Exploration of low-cost agro-industrial waste substrate for cellulase and xylanase production using Aspergillus heteromorphus
Authors: Bajar Somvir , Singh Anita , Bishnoi Narsi R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe current study was executed to explore the nutritive potential of low-cost agro-industrial waste substrates including anaerobically treated distillery spent wash (ADSW) and rice straw (RS) for enzyme production (cellulase and xylanase). The statistical model, Box–Behnken Design (BBD), was utilized to optimize the enzyme production throughAspergillus heteromorphusunder liquid state bioconversion on examining the interactive interaction between substrate (ADSW), co-substrate (RS), temperature and initial pH. The BBD results revealed that the optimum levels of different factors for enzymes production were 6% ADSW, 3% RS, pH 5 and temperature 32.5 °C. The highest exoglucanase, xylanase and endoglucanase enzyme activities under optimum conditions were 6.3 IU/mL, 11.6 IU/mL and 8.1 IU/mL, respectively. The results confined that the agro-industrial waste substrate could be a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to produce value-added products like enzymes.
Activity patterns in the reintroduced Pyrenean brown bear population
Authors: Parres Aida , Palazón Santiago , Afonso Ivan , Quenette Pierre-Yves , Batet Antoni , Camarra Jean-Jacques , Garreta Xavier , Gonçalves Salvador , Guillén Jordi , Mir Sergio , Jato Ramón , Rodríguez Joan , Sentilles Jerome , Xicola Laura , Melero Yolanda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMammals usually adjust behavioral patterns when exposed to disturbances. Elusiveness and low-risk time selection may reduce their stress in periods of highest risk. In Europe, brown bears (Ursus arctos) coexist with humans in densely populated and modified landscapes and, consequently, are exposed to human-caused disturbances during the daytime hours. Furthermore, intraspecific interactions might also influence their behavioral responses, especially during the mating season. Activity patterns of several large carnivores have been thoroughly studied; however, research is scarce for relocated populations. Here, we report the activity patterns in the reintroduced brown bear population in the Pyrenees. We expected the bears to reduce their activity depending on the type and level of disturbances. We analyzed individual behavior of both sexes (males, solitary females, and females with offspring) and age groups (adults and subadults) using camera-trap surveys under different types of intraspecific and anthropogenic disturbances. In general, bears were more active during the night (2200–0600 h) and avoided peaks of human activity (1000–1800 h). Furthermore, with the increasing nocturnal disturbance of adult males during the mating season, females with offspring and subadults were more active during daylight. This suggests that vulnerable individuals showed high tolerance for human presence. These results contribute to improve our knowledge of how a threatened and relocated bear population behaves in a human-modified landscape of southern Europe. Further research on this population will be crucial to establish optimal management interventions during translocations, and the prevention of human-bear encounters and conflicts.
Triangular interval type-2 fuzzy soft set and its application
Authors: Lathamaheswari M. , Nagarajan D. , Kavikumar J. , Broumi Said 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDecision-making is an essential task in Science and Engineering. Since most of the real-world problems have uncertainty in nature, making the decision is challengeable one for the decision makers. Soft set has the advantage of free from the deficiency of the parameterization tools of existing theories, namely probability, fuzzy theory and the theory of rough sets. Linguistic terms mean different things to different people, so variability in expert's acceptance degree is possible. Here usage of type-1 fuzzy leads to noisy and uncertain, and the parameters also may be noisy and hence type-2 fuzzy sets may be used to address the mentioned issues. Therefore, a triangular interval type-2 fuzzy soft set has been considered in the present work by combining triangular interval type-2 fuzzy set and soft set. In this paper, a triangular interval type-2 fuzzy soft weighted arithmetic operator (TIT2FSWA) has been proposed with its desired mathematical properties; also applied the proposed methodology in a decision-making problem for profit analysis. Further comparative analysis has been made with the existing methods to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Six Actionable Canons for Rationality in Strategy Practice
Authors: van Straten Roeland 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor strategists working in and for firms, acquiring knowledge about the business world is dependent on a rational process of collecting, organizing, and interpreting information. As such, these individuals are best conceived not as knowers, but as self-directing learners who are motivated to acquire, create, and apply new knowledge. To facilitate these processes, in this paper an axiomatic foundation for strategic thinking is established regarding the nature of the object of strategic thinking, the nature of strategic thinking, and the nature of knowledge. Next, four boundary references set by these axioms are used to establish a new conceptual frame of reference for strategic rationality. Interconnections between the boundary references are subsequently used to infer six canons for strategic rationality. It is concluded that strategic rationality may be found where all references overlap. Finally, to contribute towards greater rationality in strategic management practice, an actionable definition of strategic rationality is formulated that includes all references and canons.
Semi-supervised Adversarial Domain Adaptation for Seagrass Detection Using Multispectral Images in Coastal Areas
Authors: Islam Kazi Aminul , Hill Victoria , Schaeffer Blake , Zimmerman Richard , Li Jiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeagrass form the basis for critically important marine ecosystems. Previously, we implemented a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model to detect seagrass in multispectral satellite images of three coastal habitats in northern Florida.
However, a deep CNN model trained at one location usually does not generalize to other locations due to data distribution shifts. In this paper, we developed a semi-supervised domain adaptation method to generalize a trained deep CNN model to other locations for seagrass detection. First, we utilized a generative adversarial network loss to align marginal data distribution between source domain and target domain using unlabeled data from both data domains. Second, we used a few labelled samples from the target domain to align class specific data distributions between the two domains, based on the contrastive semantic alignment loss. We achieved the best results in 28 out of 36 scenarios as compared to other state-of-the-art domain adaptation methods.
Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing for Precision Oncology: Current State-of-Art
Authors: Seow Justine Jia Wen , Wong Regina Men Men , Pai Rhea , Sharma Ankur 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTumors exhibit genetic and phenotypic diversity leading to intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH). Further complex ecosystem (stromal and immune cells) of tumors contributes into the ITH. This ITH allows tumors to overcome various selection pressures such as anti-cancer therapies and metastasis at distant organs. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) has provided unprecedented insights into ITH and its implications in drug resistance and metastasis. As scRNA-seq technology grows and provides many new findings, new tools on different programming platforms are frequently generated. Here, we aim to provide a framework and guidelines for new entrants into the field of scRNA-seq. In this review, we discuss the current state-of-art of scRNA-seq analysis step-by-step including filtering, normalization and analysis. First, we discuss the brief history of experimental methods, followed by data processing and implications in precision oncology.
3D DIC-assisted residual stress measurement in 316 LVM steel processed by HE and HPT
Authors: Brynk Tomasz , Krawczyńska Agnieszka Teresa , Setman Daria , Pakieła Zbigniew 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A method has been developed for determining residual stress based on displacement fields near drilled holes analyzed using 3D digital image correlation. Finite element modeling was used to determine corrections for analytical equations describing displacement fields near the blind holes, which made it possible to determine the residual stress distribution over a wide range of hole depth-to-hole diameter ratios and various areas of displacement field measurements using inverse method iterative calculations. The proposed method eliminates many drawbacks of traditional procedure based on strain gauges as hole eccentricity sensitivity and requirement of the relatively large span between holes. The method and testing setup, build-up of generally available components, were used to determine the residual stress distribution for 316 LVM samples processed by two methods from the large deformation group: hydrostatic extrusion (HE) and high-pressure torsion (HPT), by drilling 1.75 and 0.58-mm-diameter blind holes, respectively. In the case of the measurements performed on the surface of a HE-processed 16 mm bar cut along its diameter, a gradual change was revealed—from a compressive to a tensile residual stress distribution (from ~ − 300 MPa in the center to 400 MPa in 4 mm distance from the edge) in the longitudinal direction, with near-zero values in the radial direction. Moreover, the method was also adapted to perform measurements on the outside surface of the bar, which gave results consistent with those taken along the radius profile (~ 600 MPa longitudinal stress). Measurements on the top surface of a cylinder 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm high processed by HPT showed a high compressive residual stress in the center and a dominant shear component for the holes drilled at different distances from the center.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Jimma Teacher Training College Students Toward Risky Sexual Behaviors, Jimma, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Yonas , Agenagnew Liyew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCollege students represent the huge section of teenagers in Ethiopia, and a growing number of them practice unsafe sex and hence face unwanted sexual health outcomes. Despite this, little has been explored about the college students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward risky sexual behaviors (RSBs) in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and the practice of Jimma teacher training college students toward RSBs, Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia, in 2018.MethodsAn institution-based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected through a pretested, structured, and self-administered questionnaire. A total of 395 respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The collected data were checked manually for completeness and consistency, entered into Epi-data, version 3.1, data entry software, and exported to SPSS, version 20, statistical software for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the outcome and explanatory variables.ResultsAmong the total 360 respondents, 140 (38.9%) had poor knowledge of RSBs. The majority 78 (36.6%) of the respondents described radio as their main source of information about RSBs. More than three-quarters, 163 (76.6%) respondents define practicing oral and/or anal sex as RSBs and 194 (91%) reported sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS as the main consequence of RSBs. This study also revealed 156 (43.4%) participants had an unfavorable attitude toward RSBs. 60 (16.7%) participants disagree with the idea that condoms prevent HIV/AIDS and nearly all respondents (340 [94.5%]) agreed homosexuality brings sexual risks. Among those who had sexual experience, 83 (32.4%) had 2 or more sexual partners, more than two-third (176 [68.8%]) had sexual practice after drinking alcohol, and 90 (35.1%) participants reported they did not use a condom when they had sex.ConclusionA significant percentage of the students have poor knowledge, attitude, and practice toward RSBs.
Safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic peritoneal lavage in Hinchey III diverticulitis
Authors: Guimarães Miguel António Loureiro , Barbosa Laura Elisabete Ribeiro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction The management of Hinchey III diverticulitis has been subject to investigation over the years. Hartmann's procedure is widely referred as the standard treatment. However, this option is associated with relevant morbidity and mortality which motivated the arise of alternative interventions such as the laparoscopic peritoneal lavage.
Aim The aim of this review is to synthesize the evidence on the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic peritoneal lavage in the management of diverticulitis with generalized purulent peritonitis in comparison to resection procedures.
Materials and methods The bibliographic research was conducted using the electronic database Medline from Pubmed. Of the 358 articles identified, our criterious selection resulted in a total of 27 articles for review.
Results Overall, laparoscopic lavage revealed low mortality rates with no remarkable differences between procedures. The non-randomized studies tended to show lower recurrence and morbidity rates comparatively to the latest RCTs, in the lavage groups, however, no significant differences have been found.
Discussion and conclusion In this review, laparoscopic peritoneal lavage proved to be safe and comparatively effective, although not superior to resection, reaching mixed results. We believe it can be applied as a damage control operation to treat or as a bridge to elective resection. Still, more studies are needed to determine indications and factors for the success of laparoscopic lavage.